Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of nonlinear charge transport, wave propagation, and self-oscillations in semiconductor superlattices

Nonlinear charge transport in semiconductor superlattices under strong electric fields parallel to the growth direction results in rich dynamical behaviour including the formation of electric field domains, pinning or propagation of domain walls, self-sustained oscillations of the current and chaos. Theories of these effects use reduced descriptions of transport in terms of average charge densities, electric fields, etc. This is simpler when the main transport mechanism is resonant tunnelling of electrons between adjacent wells followed by fast scattering between subbands. In this case, we will derive microscopically appropriate discrete models and boundary conditions. Their analyses reveal differences between low-field behaviour where domain walls may move oppositely or parallel to electrons, and high-field behaviour where they can only follow the electron flow. The dynamics is controlled by the amount of charge available in the superlattice and doping at the injecting contact. When the charge inside the wells becomes large, boundaries between electric field domains are pinned resulting in multistable stationary solutions. Lower charge inside the wells results in self-sustained oscillations of the current due to recycling and motion of domain walls, which are formed by charge monopoles (high contact doping) or dipoles (low contact doping). Besides explaining wave motion and subsequent current oscillations, we will show how the latter depend on such controlling parameters as voltage, doping, temperature, and photoexcitation.
The galactic halo in mixed dark matter cosmologies

A possible solution to the small scale problems of the cold dark matter (CDM) scenario is that the dark matter consists of two components, a cold and a warm one. We perform a set of high resolution simulations of the Milky Way halo varying the mass of the WDM particle (mWDM) and the cosmic dark matter mass fraction in the WDM component (f̄W). The scaling ansatz introduced in combined analysis of LHC and astroparticle searches postulates that the relative contribution of each dark matter component is the same locally as on average in the Universe (e.g. fW,⊙ = f̄W). Here we find however, that the normalised local WDM fraction (fW,⊙ / f̄W) depends strongly on mWDM for mWDM < 1 keV. Using the scaling ansatz can therefore introduce significant errors into the interpretation of dark matter searches. To correct this issue a simple formula that fits the local dark matter densities of each component is provided.
Virtual Art Experience on Cultural Heritage Information with Construction of Evaluation Criteria

The cultural heritage intuitively reflects the progress of human and social development. As humans having entered the 21st century, an experience era of information pluralism, new information and interaction technologies such as virtual reality (VR) etc. provide effective methods on the digital inheritance of cultural heritage information (CHI). Moreover, the application of virtual art in the digital survival of CHI changes the linear narrative mode of traditional exhibition and propagation and strengthens the interactive narrative characteristic of the theme and story of CHI. The evaluation of virtual art experience has become one of the important measures for promoting the digital development of cultural heritage. Aiming at CHI's virtual art experience, in this paper, firstly a restoration and display VR system of Emperor Qin’s mausoleum has been built. Then based on the features of the built VR system, some virtual art characteristics and user experience requirements of the system are analyzed, and an architecture of objective evaluation criteria of virtual art experience is established. Finally, an evaluation test of the virtual art experience on the virtual environment of the First Emperor’s mausoleum is adopted according to the criteria, which provides many possibilities for digital protection and reconstruction of CHI in the Qin Dynasty.
DUSTBUSTER: AN AUTONOMOUS VACUUM CLEANING ROBOT

This paper proposes the development of an autonomous robot which is controlled by sensors and an Android Phone (optional). The implementation of AI concepts in the development of a software application for off-line robot task programming. We can use concept of the designed programming application to power the knowledge base for task accumulation. This work aims at the cleaning a house on its own, without human interference. In the current scenario, the economical versions of iRobot Roomba (currently in the market) cannot develop a map of its own; however, this feature is present in the luxurious versions. As the luxurious versions aren’t affordable, our Dustbuster will prove to be an efficient and economic stopgap solution.
Consensus of multiple autonomous underwater vehicles with double independent Markovian switching topologies and timevarying delays

A new method in which the consensus algorithm is used to solve the coordinate control problems of leaderless multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (multi-AUVs) with double independent Markovian switching communication topologies and time-varying delays among the underwater sensors is investigated. This is accomplished by first dividing the communication topology into two different switching parts, i.e., velocity and position, to reduce the data capacity per data package sent between the multi-AUVs in the ocean. Then, the state feedback linearization is used to simplify and rewrite the complex nonlinear and coupled mathematical model of the AUVs into a double-integrator dynamic model. Consequently, coordinate control of the multi-AUVs is regarded as an approximating consensus problem with various time-varying delays and velocity and position topologies. Considering these factors, sufficient conditions of consensus control are proposed and analyzed and the stability of the multi-AUVs is proven by Lyapunov–Krasovskii theorem. Finally, simulation results that validate the theoretical results are presented.
Revisiting renormalization schemes in a differential equation approach

We reconsider the choice of renormalization schemes in a differential-equation approach to aid the discussion of the renormalization of the unstable particles and the CKM matrix in the Standard Model. Certain mass dependent schemes do not satisfy these natural differential equations modulo trace anomaly. By the way, the Callan-Symanzik equations were employed to show that both mass dependent and independent schemes realize fermion decoupling in the same way.
The Maxwell system in 3D coupled with long-time stable PML conditions

SUMMARY One of the methods for the numerical simulation of electromagnetic waves propagation in exterior domains consists in limiting the computational domain either by introducing an artificial boundary condition (ABC) or by the perfectly matching of the Maxwell system with a locally absorbing system. The accuracy of the ABC solution depends on the frequency and the incidence of the waves at the artificial boundary. Moreover some instabilities may occur when using high-order ABC as it was observed in [3]. Later Berenger [2] proposed a new approach which consists in changing the model into a system which is the initial one in a bounded region of the infinite space and accounts for damping terms in the complement region. In the layer, the system is perfectly matched with the Maxwell system. That means that the solution is fully transmitted into the layer, regardless of the frequency and the incident direction. In this work, we propose to generalize the 2D model derived and studied in [1] with some improvements. We derive a 3D Maxwell-like model which is of the same form as in the previous citation but which is more general. By using the semi-group theory combined with a fixed point principle, we prove the model is well-posed. Next energy estimates show that the solution converges towards zero with an exponential decreasing as the time tends to infinity. At last we show how to choose the operators to get a PML model.
Nichtrauchen, ein Essential für eine gesunde Lunge. Raucherentwöhnung ist die wichtigste Präventionsmaßnahme überhaupt

Tabakrauchen hat medizinische, soziale und wirtschaftliche Dimensionen. Laut Drogenbericht der Bundesregierung für 2006 gibt es in Deutschland 16,7 Millionen Raucher, was 28,7 % der erwachsenen Bevölkerung entspricht. Von den 18bis 25-Jährigen rauchen dagegen 45 %. Laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation sollten in dieser Altersgruppe maximal 20 % rauchen. In Deutschland fordert das Rauchen Von den drei für den Menschen wichtigen Risikofaktoren Rauchen, Alkohol und Adipositas nimmt das Zigarettenrauchen nach epidemiologischen Analysen, was Letalität, verlorene Lebensjahre, Krankenhauskosten, Gesamtkosten und Verdienstausfall anbetrifft, die dominierende Position ein. Rauchen verkürzt das Leben eines Rauchers um zehn Jahre. Für die Raucherentwöhnung stehen die Verhaltenstherapie, die Nicotin-Ersatztherapie sowie Bupropion und Vareniclin als zugelassene Pharmaka zur Verfügung. mindestens 110.000 Todesopfer pro Jahr. Nach Erkenntnissen des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums (dkfz) führt Passivrauchen zu ca. 3.300 Todesopfern jährlich. Die Einnahmen aus der Tabaksteuer betrugen in 2006 ca. 14 Milliarden Euro. Die Kosten für die medizinische Versorgung kranker Raucher sowie den Arbeitsausfall belasten die Volkswirtschaft dagegen mit mehr als 19 Milliarden Euro jährlich. J. Wasem [1] kommt in der Studie „Gesundheitsökonomischer Nutzen der Raucherentwöhnung“ mittels NicotinErsatztherapie zu dem Ergebnis, dass durch einen erfolgreichen Rauchstoppversuch mittels Nicotin-Ersatztherapie im Vergleich zum Verzicht darauf über alle Altersgruppen 2,9 Lebensjahre je Person gewonnen und 11.500 Euro Kosten im Restlebenszyklus eingespart werden können. Danach liegen die Kosten eines Rauchers für das Gesundheitswesen trotz verkürzter Lebenserwartung deutlich höher als die medizinischen Kosten eines Nichtrauchers. Jeder zusätzliche Nichtraucher spart dem Gesundheitswesen Geld. Durch die britische Ärztestudie [2] ist wissenschaftlich belegt, dass Rauchen das Leben eines Rauchers durchschnittlich um zehn Jahre verkürzt. Wer mit 60 Jahren aufhört zu rauchen, gewinnt davon drei Jahre zurück. Wer schon mit 50 Jahren aufhört, kann das Risiko, früher zu sterben, halbieren. Wer jedoch schon mit 30 Jahren aufhört, kann dieses Risiko vollständig eliminieren.
A comprehensive model for phase noise characteristics of an optoelectronic oscillator

A comprehensive model for phase noise characteristics of an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is presented. The phase noise distributions of an OEO especially near the carrier are explained comprehensively, combining the Yao‐Maleki model and Leeson model. An experiment is carried on for verification of the OEO's phase noise distribution. Based on the comprehensive model, the phase noise distribution of an OEO can be predictably designed.
Rational varieties: algebra, geometry and arithmetic

CONTENTS Introduction § 1. Curves: geometry and arithmetic § 2. Surfaces: geometry over a closed field § 3. Surfaces: geometry over a non-closed field § 4. k-birational invariants § 5. Torsors and descent § 6. Zero-cycles and K-theory § 7. Surfaces: a little more geometry, combinatorics and arithmetic § 8. Varieties of dimension ≥3: geometry § 9. Higher dimensional intersections of a pair of quadrics: arithmetic § 10. Open problems References
Associated Production of Z Boson and a Pair of New Quarks at LHC

The associated production of Z boson and a pair of new quarks at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is studied. The cross sections for both sequential fermions and vector-like fermions are presented. It is found that for sequential fermions the cross sections can reach 1 ∼ 102 fb for heavy quark mass mQ from 1000 GeV to 200 GeV. For vector-like quarks, the cross sections are suppressed by mixing parameter sin θL. Focusing on process pp → b′b′, we investigate the possibility of detecting the 6l + 2j signal. For a b′ with light mass and a large branching ratio of b′ → bZ, it is found that only several signal events (parton level) can be produced with 1000 fb−1 integrated luminosity. Although the signal events are rare, all the final states are produced centrally and multi lepton final states are clear at hadron collider, which could be easily detected.
Détermination du flux de muons atmosphériques avec le télescope à neutrinos ANTARES

Le telescope a neutrinos ANTARES est un detecteur sous-marin situe en mer Mediterranee. L'univers etant transparent aux neutrinos, leur etude est un moyen unique d'ameliorer nos connaissances sur la nature et l'origine des rayons cosmiques, ainsi que sur les mecanismes d'emission des sources astrophysiques les plus puissantes de l'univers. Les neutrinos offrent en outre la possibilite d'ouvrir une nouvelle fenetre d'observation en energie (> TeV) sur l'univers. Cette these est consacree a l'etude du bruit de fond principal du detecteur, du au passage de muons atmospheriques produits lors de la desintegration des rayons cosmiques de haute energie avec les noyaux de l'atmosphere. La premiere partie de cette these est dediee a l'etude du detecteur. Les differentes caracteristiques du detecteur, son etalonnage ainsi que les techniques de reglages de l'electronique y sont detailles. La seconde partie de cette these fait etat des differents resultats obtenus sur les muons atmospheriques avec un detecteur a cinq lignes. Une presentation detaillee de la simulation utilisee y est presentee. La premiere difficulte de detection des muons atmospheriques est due a la geometrie du detecteur, la seconde au fait que les muons atmospheriques arrivent souvent en gerbes et que le nombre de muons dans une gerbe a 2500 m de profondeur est encore inconnu. Une premiere etude basee sur des simulations permet de discriminer entre les muons seuls et les gerbes de muons. Une seconde etude est dediee a la mesure du flux de muons en fonction de la profondeur de detection. En prenant en compte les erreurs systematiques, la mesure est compatible avec les resultats d'autres instruments
EFECTO DE UNA QUEMA CONTROLADA SOBRE LA POBLACIÓN MICROBIANA EN SUELOS CON PASTURAS EN LA SAIS TUPAC AMARU - JUNÍN, PERÚ EFFECT OF PRESCRIBED BURNING ON MICROBIAL POPULATIONS OF GRASSLANDS SOILS OF THE TUPAC AMARU SAIS - JUNIN, PERU

A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of prescribed burning (head fire) in populations of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and two genus of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.) in Junin. Samples were taken from the end of the dry season (September 2001) to the beginning of the following dry season (June 2002). The burning experiment was carried out at the beginning of October (beginning of the rain season), using the Head Fire Burning methodology (it burns in favor of the wind). Characteristics of the soil, humidity, phosphorus, potassium, CEC, EC, cations, organic matter, nitrogen and pH, did not vary after the burning. Burning did not affect aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and fungi populations. Student’s t–test (α=0.05) was used and non significant differences were found between these populations before and after the burning. Regarding Nitrogen–fixing bacteria, great variations in the samples obtained immediately after burning were not observed. In the variance analysis, the No-Burning quadrat showed larger variances than the Burning quadrat. Application of fire in the Burning quadrat would have caused population stability, while the Nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the No-Burning quadrat showed greater spatial variability.
Eat or be eaten : predator sensitive foraging among primates

Preface 1. An introduction to predator sensitive foraging Lynne E. Miller Part I. Biological Variables: 2. Dangers in the dark: are some nocturnal primates afraid of the dark? Simon K. Bearder, K. A. I. Nekaris and Courtney A. Buzzell 3. Predation sensitive foraging in captive tamarins Mark J. Prescott and Hannah M. Buchanan-Smith 4. Seeing red: consequence of individual differences in color vision in callitrichid primates Nancy G. Caine 5. Predator sensitive foraging in Thomas langurs Elisabeth H. M. Sterck Part II. Social Variables: 6. The role of group size in predator sensitive foraging decisions for wedge-capped capuchin monkeys (Cebus olivaceous) Lynne E. Miller 7. Group size effects on predation sensitive foraging in wild ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) Michelle L. Sauther 8. Species differences in feeding in Milne Edward's sifakas (Propithecus diadema edwardsi), rufus lemurs (Eulemur fulvus rufus) and red-bellied lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer) in southeastern Madagascar: implications for predator avoidance Deborah J. Overdorff, Suzanne G. Strait and Ryan G. Seltzer 9. Evidence of predator sensitive foraging and traveling in single- and mixed-species tamarin troops Paul A. Garber and Julio Cesar Bicca-Marques 10. Predator (in)sensitive foraging in sympatric female vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas): a test of ecological models of group dispersion Lynne A. Isbell and Karen L. Enstam 11. Predation risk and anti-predator adaptions in white-faced sakis (Pithecia pithecia) Terrence M. Gleason and Marilyn A. Norconk Part III. Environmental Variables: 12. Foraging female baboons exhibit similar patterns of antipredator vigilance across two populations Russell A. Hill and Guy Cowishaw 13. Foraging and safety in adult female blue monkeys in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya Marina Cords 14. Predicting predation risk for foraging arboreal monkeys Adrian Treves 15. Predator sensitive foraging in ateline primates Anthony Di Fiore 16. Anti-predatory behaviour in gibbons (Hylobates lar, Yai/Thailand) Nicola L. Uhde and Volker Sommer.
Cathode spots of electric arcs

A review is given on arc cathode spots, mainly based on the investigation of arcs in a vacuum with cold cathodes. For the latter and after a short description of general features and theoretical concepts, experiments are presented that study the temporal and spatial behaviour of the spots with high time and space resolution of less than 10 ns and less than 5 µm, respectively. With the help of these observations the various spot types described in the literature are ordered into three levels: level A corresponding to the proper spot with typical diameters of 50-100 µm, level B associated with spot fragments having a size of 10-20 µm and level C comprising a substructure of the fragments. The structures undergo periodic fluctuations of brightness and position with characteristic times that can be arranged in a hierarchy from a few nanoseconds through about 100 µs. The analysis of these fluctuations shows that the spot operates in cycles that include both extremely non-stationary periods with time constants of less than 10 ns and more stationary periods in the microsecond range. In the presence of an external magnetic field, the latter periods lead to unstable plasma configurations that give rise to retrograde motion. Finally, for vacuum arc spots the basic parameters are summarized. After that, the peculiarities of spots in gases with cold electrodes are discussed, followed by a presentation of spots with hot cathodes at high pressures.
A csecsemőkori táplálás összefüggése a gyermekkori elhízással. Irodalmi áttekintés

Absztrakt: A gyermekkori elhizas egyre novekvő gyakorisaga komoly kozegeszsegugyi problema. Ma mar elfogadott teny, hogy a csecsemőtaplalasnak az emberi fejlődes korai, kritikus időszakaiban (első 1000 nap) hosszu tavu hatasa lehet a kesőbbi egeszsegre. A szerzők a fogantatastol szamitott első 1000 nap csecsemőkorra eső időszakaval foglalkoznak, irodalmi tallozas alapjan. 2010 ota nagyszamu kozlemeny jelent meg, amelyben a csecsemőtaplalas, korai sulygyarapodas es a kesőbbi elhizas kozotti osszefuggest vizsgaltak. Tobbsegukben azt igazoltak, hogy a szoptatas jelentősen befolyasolja a korai novekedest, es hosszu tavon csokkenti az obesitas rizikojat. A szoptatas egeszsegugyi előnyei a tapszeres etetessel szemben elfogadottak, de a csecsemőtaplalas es a kesőbbi elhizas kozotti osszefuggesről nincs teljes egyetertes a szakirodalomban. A szerzők az ellentmondas okat kerestek az irodalomban az utobbi evekben fellelhető kozlemenyek alapjan. Osszegzeskent megallapitjak, hogy a legalabb negy honapig tarto kizarol.
An Ubiquitous System for Monitoring of Motor Bike Base Patrol Troops in Insurgency Prone Area

The world has come under increased terrorists attack in recent times. In Nigeria the fight against Boko Haram terrorists has taken toll on both the armed forces and insurgents in terms of casualties. Traditional methods of gathering and processing information have yielded little success. In this work we propose a ubiquitous security system that monitors mobile troops on bikes and transmits reports to a control centre for immediate action if required. The system was implemented using Java, MySQL, JBOSS 4.2. 2.GA Server, and macromedia Dreamweaver 8.0. Four experiments were carried out with the system and the results indicated a great measure of passing information between the mobile bike based agents and the central control command. The system is recommended for use because it serves as a good replacement or can complement the use of traditional methods of monitoring troops in an insurgent prone area. The physical implementation of the system will require sensory network devices that will detect the presence of metals, high noise level and a camera monitoring subsystem to detect the presence of insurgents.
Rhythm dynamics of complex neuronal networks with mixed bursting neurons

The spatiotemporal order and rhythm dynamics of a complex neuronal network with mixed bursting neurons are studied in this paper. A quantitative characteristic, the width factor, is introduced to describe the rhythm dynamics of an individual neuron, and the average width factor is used to characterize the rhythm dynamics of a neuronal network. An r parameter is introduced to denote the ratio of the short bursting neurons in the network. Then we investigate the effect of the ratio on the rhythm dynamics of the neuronal network. The critical value of r is derived, and the neurons in the network always remain short bursting when the r ratio is larger than the critical value.
Generalized Phase Field Models with Microscopic Potentials

In this thesis we study the solidification process of systems with intrinsicanisotropy. We aim at finding a bridge between the microscopic mechanismsand macroscopic description. This is achieved by generalizing the currentphase field models in a way to incorporate microscopic physics and usingasymptotic techniques to obtain macroscopic results. Upon analysis,expressions for physically relevant quantities are obtained. Also it isfound that classical interface relations for both stationary and movinginterfaces hold. These conditions are presented in various representations.Exemplary numerical calculations are carried out to illustrate the potentialof the method as an additional tool in the study of interfaces. Furthermore,a concrete physical system with realistic parameters is considered to showhow one can use the ideas developed here in order to get results that are ofinterest to other scientific communities, e.g. materials scientists andphysicists.
Estresse no trabalho da enfermagem em hospital de pronto-socorro: análise usando a Job Stress Scale

This study identifies workplace stress according to the Job Stress Scale and associates it with socio-demographic and occupational variables of nursing workers from an emergency hospital. This is a cross-sectional study and data were collected through a questionnaire applied to 388 nursing professionals. Descriptive statistics were applied; univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The results indicate there is a significant association with being a nursing technician or auxiliary, working in the position for more than 15 years, and having low social support, with 3.84, 2.25 and 4.79 times more chances of being placed in the high strain job' quadrant. The study reveals that aspects related to the workplace should be monitored by competent agencies in order to improve the quality of life of nursing workers.