Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-time Assessment of Student Concentration Based on Attention and Speech Emotion Recognition

Nowadays, education is mostly in the form of big-scale class education, which will cause that teachers cannot pay attention to all students in real time. Therefore, how to assist teachers to detect attention of students in real time has become a problem that we need to consider. We propose a method with mechanism of attention for real-time assessment of student concentration based on speech emotion recognition. By comparing different classification algorithms, CNN is selected to process speech to generate emotion classification probability. This paper introduces new learning parameters and puts forward a formula to obtain the attention score to monitor the student concentration status better through speech emotion. The research provides a new direction for the application of deep learning in auxiliary education. This project will help both teachers and learners to improve their way of teaching and learning through calculated concentration score.
GAE-Based Document Embedding Method for Clustering

Document embedding methods for clustering using deep neural networks have been proposed recently. However, the existing deep neural network-based document embedding methods for clustering have a problem of either generating document embeddings dependent on a given number of document clusters or generating document embeddings that do not take into account the characteristic of high similarity between documents belonging to the same document cluster. In this paper, we propose a new document embedding method for clustering by using a graph autoencoder. To this end, we construct an undirected and weighted sparse graph from a set of documents wherein each document is represented by a node, and all the weighted edges created in the graph have high cosine similarities between the two end nodes. We then apply the proposed graph autoencoder to the graph to compute node embedding vectors. Each node embedding vector in the graph is used as a document embedding vector. This paper presents in-depth experimental analyses of the proposed method. Experimental results on various real document data sets demonstrate that the proposed approach affords the significant performance improvement over the existing document embedding methods.
The Vagueness of COLREG versus Collision Avoidance Techniques—A Discussion on the Current State and Future Challenges Concerning the Operation of Autonomous Ships

With the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), considerable research is undertaken to secure their safety. One of the critical aspects of MASS is collision avoidance, and multiple collision avoidance algorithms have been developed. However, due to various reasons, collision avoidance of autonomous merchant vessels appears to be far from resolved. With this study, we aim to discuss the current state of Collision Avoidance Methods (CAMs) and the challenges lying ahead—from a joint academic and practical point of view. To this end, the key Rules from International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG) have been reviewed with a focus on their practical application for MASS. Moreover, the consideration of the COLREG Rules in contemporary collision avoidance algorithms has been reviewed. The ultimate objective is to identify aspects of COLREG requiring additional attention concerning MASS developments in terms of collision avoidance. Our conclusions indicate that although a lot of progress has been achieved recently, the feasibility of CAMs for MASS remains questionable. Reasons for so are the ambiguous character of the regulations, especially COLREG, as well as virtually all existing CAMs being at best only partly COLREG-compliant.
Association of Red Blood Cell Life Span with Abnormal Changes in Cardiac Structure and Function in Non-Dialysis Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 3–5

Introduction: With the invention and improvement of the carbon monoxide (CO) breath test, the role of shortened red blood cell life span (RBCLS) in renal anemia, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is gradually attracting attention. Considering that heart failure is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD, this study investigated the correlation between the RBCLS and the cardiac structure and function in non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 3–5, aiming to provide new ideas to improve the long-term prognosis of CKD patients. Methods: One hundred thirty-three non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 3–5 were tested for RBCLS. We compared the serological data, cardiac ultrasound results, and follow-up prognosis of patients with different RBCLS. Results: As the RBCLS shortened, the patients’ blood pressure, BNP, and CRP gradually increased, most significantly in patients with an RBCLS < 50 d. Patients with an RBCLS < 50 d had substantially lower hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, and albumin levels than those with an RBCLS ≥ 50 d. The cardiac ultrasound results show that patients with an RBCLS < 50 d had significantly larger atrial diameters than those with an RBCLS ≥ 50 d and were associated with more severe diastolic dysfunction. Patients with an RBCLS < 50 d had a 3.06 times greater risk of combined heart failure at baseline than those with an RBCLS ≥ 70 d and a higher risk of heart failure at follow-up. CKD stage 5 patients with an RBCLS < 50 d were more likely to develop heart failure and require renal replacement therapy earlier than patients with an RBCLS ≥ 50 d. Conclusions: In non-dialysis patients with CKD stages 3–5, there is a correlation between the red blood cell life span and cardiac structure and function. The RBCLS may also impact the renal prognosis of CKD patients.
A Vison Based Lane Detection Approach Using Vertical Lane Finder Method

This paper presents a novel approach for detection of lane using Kirsch operator and VLF method. The problem of detecting lane using vision sensors poses many problems such as atmosphere of the road, traffic intensity on the road, pollution, shadow of a tree, and other objects on the road. Normally, in any roads, the lanes are colored with yellow and white with different purpose. To highlight yellow and white lanes in a given RGB image, conversion from RGB to HSL and RGB to HSV is performed. The Gaussian filter is employed to smooth the image and to remove the noise, followed by edge detection using Kirsch operator. After edge detection, to retain only candidate lane lines in edge map, we compute the orientation of gradient and select the pixels which are representing candidate lanes. Finally, a VLF method is used to detect lanes in the image. The experiments are conducted using KITTI benchmark dataset and results are evaluated using popular metrics. Through experiments we demonstrate that detection of lane using proposed method yields promising accuracy.
Dual-Channel Detection of Breast Cancer Biomarkers CA15-3 and CEA in Human Serum Using Dialysis-Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor

Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumors and the leading cause of cancer deaths among women. The early diagnosis and treatment of BC are effective measures that can increase survival rates and reduce mortality. Carbohydrate antigens 15–3 (CA15-3) and carcinoma embryonic antigens (CEA) have been regarded as the most two valuable tumor markers of BC. The combined detection of CA15-3 and CEA could improve the sensitivity and accuracy of early diagnosis for BC. Methods The multi-channel double-gate silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW-FET) biosensors were fabricated by using the top-down semiconductor manufacturing technology. By surface modification of the different SiNW surfaces with monoclonal CA15-3 and CEA antibodies separately, the prepared SiNW-FET was processed into biosensor for dual-channel detection of CA15-3 and CEA. Results The prepared SiNW-FET biosensors were proved to have high sensitivity and specificity for the dual-channel detection of CA15-3 and CEA, and the detection limit is as low as 0.1U/mL CA15-3 and 0.01 ng/mL CEA. Moreover, the SiNW-FET biosensors were able to detect CA15-3 and CEA in serum by connecting a miniature hemodialyzer. Conclusion The present study reported a SiNW-FET biosensor for dual-channel detection of breast cancer biomarkers CA15-3 and CEA in serum, which has potential clinical application value for the early diagnosis and curative effect observation of BC.
DEA efficiency of Serbian banks-comparison of three approaches

: The aim of this paper is to analyse three approaches in order to give a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of the banking sector in Serbia. The paper analyses the intermediate, operating and profitability approach for measuring bank efficiency in order to give an answer to the question which is the most efficient and where can be improvements made. The paper applies a non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) on a sample of 23 banks operating in Serbia in the period during and after the covid-19 pandemic, i
Random Walks, Directed Cycles, and Markov Chains

Abstract A Markov chain is a random process which iteratively travels around in its state space with each transition only depending on the current position and not on the past. When the state space is discrete, we can think of a Markov chain as a special type of random walk on a directed graph. Although a Markov chain normally never settles down but keeps moving around, it does usually have a well-defined limiting behavior in a statistical sense. A given finite directed graph can potentially support many different random walks or Markov chains and each one could have one or more invariant (stationary) distributions. In this paper we explore the question of characterizing the set of all possible invariant distributions. The answer turns out to be quite simple and very natural and involves the cycles on the graph.
Genotoxicity and Reproductive Risk in Workers Exposed to Pesticides in Rural Areas of Curicó, Chile: A Pilot Study

Significant risks to human health have been associated with chronic exposure to low doses of pesticides, a situation which may be frequent among agricultural workers. In this context, and regarding the agricultural-based economy of central Chile, we aimed to explore the genotoxic damage in agricultural workers and reproductive risk among women in rural and urban areas of Curicó, a traditional agricultural district in Chile. Hence, we sampled a group of rural agricultural workers associated with pesticide management (n = 30) and an urban unexposed group (n = 30). Our results showed that the agricultural workers had higher micronuclei frequencies (MN: β = 13.27; 95% CI low = 11.08, CI high = 15.47) and women had a 40-fold higher risk of reproductive problems (OR = 40.32; 95% CI low = 2.60, CI high = 624.31) than the unexposed group. The factor analysis of mixed data (FAMD) showed that neither the sex nor smoking habits appear to define the ordination of the data. Nevertheless, the exposure level did segregate them in the multidimensional space (explained variance: 35.38% dim-1; 18.63% dim-2). This pilot study highlights the higher risks of biological conditions negatively associated with the health of agricultural workers.
A continuous current model of fully-depleted symmetric double-gate MOSFETs considering a wide range of body doping concentrations

A continuous current model of fully-depleted symmetric double-gate (DG) MOSFETs which can reflect a wide range (from intrinsic to heavy doping) of the body doping concentrations was developed based on an approximated analytic potential solution of Poisson's equation. The model was compared with the results of device simulation, and showed very good agreement in all operation regions such as subthreshold, turn-on, linear and saturation.
Metabolomics Study of Serum Samples of β-YAC Transgenic Mice Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

β-thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders and a life-threatening health issue in children. A cost-effective and safe therapeutic approach to treat this disease is to reactivate the γ-globin gene for fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production that has been silenced during infancy. Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only FDA approved HbF inducer. However, its cytotoxicity and inability to respond significantly in all patients pose a need for an HbF inducer with better efficacy. The study describes the serum metabolic alteration in β-YAC transgenic mice treated with Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (n = 5), a newly identified HbF inducer, and compared to the mice groups treated with HU (n = 5) and untreated control (n = 5) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Various univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to identify discriminant metabolites that altered the biological pathways encompassing galactose metabolism, lactose degradation, and inositol. Furthermore, the decreased concentrations of L-fucose and geraniol in TDF-treated mice help in recovering towards normal, decreasing oxidative stress even much better than the HU-treated mice. The proposed study suggested that TDF can reduce the deficiency of blood required for β-thalassemia and can be used for the preclinical study at phase I/II for fetal hemoglobin production.
The mod‐2 cohomology rings of symmetric groups

We present a new additive basis for the mod‐2 cohomology of symmetric groups, along with explicit rules for multiplication and application of Steenrod operations in that basis. The key organizational tool is a Hopf ring structure introduced by Strickland and Turner. We elucidate some of the relationships between our approach and previous approaches to the homology and cohomology of symmetric groups.
The Parallel Presentation of Two Functional CTL Epitopes Derived from the O and Asia 1 Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Swine SLA-2*HB01: Implications for Universal Vaccine Development

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) poses a significant threat to the livestock industry. Through their recognition of the conserved epitopes presented by the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), T cells play a pivotal role in the antiviral immunity of pigs. Herein, based on the peptide binding motif of SLA-2*HB01, from an original SLA-2 allele, a series of functional T-cell epitopes derived from the dominant antigen VP1 of FMDV with high binding capacity to SLA-2 were identified. Two parallel peptides, Hu64 and As64, from the O and Asia I serotypes, respectively, were both crystallized with SLA-2*HB01. Compared to SLA-1 and SLA-3, the SLA-2 structures showed the flexibility of residues in the P4, P6, and P8 positions and in their potential interface with TCR. Notably, the peptides Hu64 and As64 adopted quite similar overall conformation when bound to SLA-2*HB01. Hu64 has two different conformations, a more stable ‘chair’ conformation and an unstable ‘boat’ conformation observed in the two molecules of one asymmetric unit, whereas only a single ‘chair’ conformation was observed for As64. Both Hu64 and As64 could induce similar dominant T-cell activities. Our interdisciplinary study establishes a basis for the in-depth interpretation of the peptide presentation of SLA-I, which can be used toward the development of universal vaccines.
Unstructured pressure‐correction solver based on a consistent discretization of the Poisson equation

A finite volume incompressible flow solver is presented for three-dimensional unsteady flows based on an unstructured tetrahedral mesh, with collocation of the flow variables at the cell vertices. The solver is based on the pressure-correction method, with an explicit prediction step of the momentum equations followed by a Poisson equation for the correction step to enforce continuity. A consistent discretization of the Poisson equation was found to be essential in obtaining a solution. The correction step was solved with the biconjugate gradient stabilized (Bi-CGSTAB) algorithm coupled with incomplete lower–upper (ILU) preconditioning. Artificial dissipation is used to prevent the formation of instabilities. Flow solutions are presented for a stalling airfoil, vortex shedding past a bridge deck and flow in model alveoli. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation of Pre-Emphasis Analog Filter on Raspberry Pi Using Zero-Order Hold Discretization as a Pre-Processing to Humanoids’ Commands Recognition

Intisari – Dalam teknologi yang menggunakan pengolahan sinyal wicara, tapis pre-emphasis sering digunakan sebelum proses ekstraksi ciri. Tapis ini dapat memperbesar amplitudo dari sinyal pada frekuensi tinggi sambil tetap mempertahankan bagian sinyal pada frekuensi rendah. Dalam penelitian ini, kami menerapkan tapis pre-emphasis analog yang dikembangkan dari tapi pelolos frekuensi tinggi. Lalu, filter tersebut didiskretkan menggunakan metode zero-order hold (ZOH). Kedua filter tersebut memiliki pole yang menunjukkan kestabilan. Nilai pole dari tapis diskret selalu di titik nol, sedangkan nilai zero -0.9375. Hasil rekonstruksi dengan menggunakan tapis ­de-emphasis menunjukkan nilai mean-squared error nol yang menyimpulkan bahwa strategi menggunakan metode frame-by-frame untuk implementasi tapis pre-emphasis sangat dianjurkan. Kata kunci – pre-emphasis, de-emphasis, mean-squared error, tapis, wicaraAbstract – In speech processing technology, the pre-emphasis filter is often used before feature extraction. This filter can emphasize amplitude with high frequencies while preserving the low frequencies side. In this research, we implemented a complete analog pre-emphasis filter from a conventional analog high-pass filter. Then the analog pre-emphasis filter is discretized using zero-order hold (ZOH). The analog and discrete forms have been shown stable according to pole location. The pole of the discrete form is always at the origin, while zero is -0.9375. The reconstruction result, with the help of the de-emphasis filter, shows no discrepancies over the original, hence the mean-squared error is zero which establishes the conclusion that the frame-by-frame method applies to the pre-emphasis filter is lossless and preferable.Keywords – pre-emphasis, de-emphasis, mean-squared error, filter, speech
Ultrasonic dispersion system design and optimization using multiple transducers

Ultrasonic wave can be widely used in different steps of nonomaterial synthesizing processes. The most obvious is dispersing of materials in liquids in order to break particle agglomerates. Known types of systems which are used to this purpose, composed of a liquid tank and a high power ultrasonic generator. In this paper, an ultrasonic dispersion system has been proposed and designed with new method of particle dispersing strategy. The main advantage of the proposed is decreasing dispersion time and increasing the particles size uniformity. It assumed that the mix of particles and liquid medium is passing through a cubical pipe. Suitable number of transducers embedded on one side of the pipe with optimum distance from each other, so that the ultrasonic intensity can be focused on some cavitations zones to stimulate dispersion function gradually. Evaluating of the optimum placement of transducers is calculated and simulated using FEMLAB package (COMSOL multi-physics 3.4). The ultrasound intensity profile is obtained from the pressure field distribution. This provides a prediction across the geometry of active cavitations zones, which are crucial for the optimization of the transducers placing. The results can then be used to increase dispersion systems efficiency in a real time controlled application. Simulation results show a better performance compared to the conventional methods.
Two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm based on RBF neural network approximation control method research

The robotic arm in industrial badlands has the problem of insufficient running accuracy or easy jitter in movement, and the anti-interference ability is not excellent enough. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a control method based on radial basis neural network approximation. In this paper, firstly, the kinematic, dynamics modeling of the two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm is carried out. Secondly, the control law of radial basis neural network is designed and simulation experiments are conducted for the robotic arm, and the improved joint angle and angular velocity running trajectory and the desired trajectory are observed experimentally. The results show that the trajectory tracking is excellent, and the error can be decreased and stabilized at a very small value with time. It can be concluded that the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm in this paper for the control of the two-degree-of-freedom robotic arm.
Landmark-Based Scale Estimation and Correction of Visual Inertial Odometry for VTOL UAVs in a GPS-Denied Environment

With the rapid development of technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become more popular and are applied in many areas. However, there are some environments where the Global Positioning System (GPS) is unavailable or has the problem of GPS signal outages, such as indoor and bridge inspections. Visual inertial odometry (VIO) is a popular research solution for non-GPS navigation. However, VIO has problems of scale errors and long-term drift. This study proposes a method to correct the position errors of VIO without the help of GPS information for vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) UAVs. In the initial process, artificial landmarks are utilized to improve the positioning results of VIO by the known landmark information. The position of the UAV is estimated by VIO. Then, the accurate position is estimated by the extended Kalman filter (EKF) with the known landmark, which is used to obtain the scale correction using the least squares method. The Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data are used for integration in the time-update process. The EKF can be updated with two measurements. One is the visual odometry (VO) estimated directly by a landmark. The other is the VIO with scale correction. When the landmark is detected during takeoff phase, or the UAV is returning to the takeoff location during landing phase, the trajectory estimated by the landmark is used to update the scale correction. At the beginning of the experiments, preliminary verification was conducted on the ground. A self-developed UAV equipped with a visual–inertial sensor to collect data and a high-precision real time kinematic (RTK) to verify trajectory are applied to flight tests. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this research effectively solves the problems of scale and the long-term drift of VIO.
Discovering true muonium at LHCb

We study the potential of the LHCb experiment to discover, for the first time, the $\mu^+\mu^-$ true muonium bound state. We propose a search for the vector $1^3S_1$ state, $\mathcal{T\! M}$, which kinetically mixes with the photon and dominantly decays to $e^+e^-$. We demonstrate that a search for $\eta \to \gamma \mathcal{T\! M}$, $\mathcal{T\! M}\to e^+e^-$ in a displaced vertex can exceed a significance of 5 standard deviations assuming statistical uncertainties. We present two possible searches: an inclusive search for the $e^+e^-$ vertex, and an exclusive search which requires an additional photon and a reconstruction of the $\eta$ mass.