Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse numérique d'une méthode énergétique pour la résolution du problème de Cauchy avec prise en compte des effets de bruit

Ce travail concerne l'etude mathematique et l'analyse numerique d'une methode de resolution du probleme de Cauchy basee sur la minimisation d'une fonctionnelle energetique. Depuis les travaux de J. Hadamard, le probleme de Cauchy est connu pour etre mal pose et les methodes de resolution de ce type de problemes presentent une importante instabilite numerique dans le cas de donnees bruitees. Dans le premier chapitre, le probleme de Cauchy est introduit et des resultats theoriques classiques sont donnes. La methode energetique et le probleme de minimisation associe sont presentes, la theorie du controle optimal est utilisee pour l'etude mathematique de ce probleme de minimisation. Le deuxieme chapitre est consacre a l'application de la methode energetique pour l'equation de la chaleur stationnaire. Une fois le cadre variationnel defini, la discretisation elements finis de la methode et des estimations d'erreur a priori tenant compte des donnees bruitees sont donnees. Lorsque les donnees sont bruitees, l'erreur atteint une valeurs minimale avant d'exploser numeriquement tandis que la fonctionnelle atteint assymptotiquement un seuil dependant du taux de bruit. Une estimation du seuil atteint par la fonctionnelle en fonction du bruit est donnee et aboutit a la proposition d'un critere d'arret pour le processus de minimisation permettant de controler l'explosion numerique due au bruit. Enfin, les resultats theoriques sont valides numeriquement, la robustesse et l'efficacite du critere d'arret propose sont illustrees par differents tests numeriques. La methode energetique est ensuite appliquee a l'equation de la chaleur en regime transitoire et est analysee en suivant la methodologie introduite dans le cas stationnaire.
Extension of 2D FEniCS implementation of Cosserat non-local elasticity to the 3D case

The present report exposes the realised work during an intership completed at the University of Luxembourg. The main objective is the extension of the existing 2D FEniCS implementation of Cosserat elasticity to the 3D case. The studied structure is an inclusion in an infinite elastic medium. The first model is a 2D plate with a circular hole, extended to the 3D infinite medium with a spherical cavity. The stress concentration factor computed around the inclusion is compared with analytical solutions from Cosserat theory in 2D or couple-stress theory in 3D. The evaluation of the stress concentration factor depending on different varying parameters permits to point the main difference between Cosserat theory and couple-stress theory developed by Mindlin, and also to predict the behaviour of Cosserat solids.
Antidyslipidemic, Antioxidant, and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Jelly Drink Containing Polyphenol-Rich Roselle Calyces Extract and Passion Fruit Juice with Pulp in Adults with Dyslipidemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the pathophysiology in the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia, which are positive risks that increase atherosclerosis leading to important healthcare problems. Therefore, we aimed to study the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering effects of jelly drink containing polyphenol-rich roselle calyces extract and passion fruit juice with pulp concentrate (RP jelly drink) in comparison to a placebo jelly drink for 8 weeks. Forty-three adults with dyslipidemia were randomly assigned into two groups: the RP jelly drink group and the placebo group. Glucose, total cholesterol (TC) triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory parameters, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured with fasting blood samples at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks of intervention. Results showed a significant decrease in LDL-C and TG, respectively, after 8 weeks of RP jelly drink consumption (LDL-C: 107.63 ± 22.98 mg/dL; TG: 109.79 ± 38.83 mg/dL) compared to baseline measurements (LDL-C: 128.43 ± 32.74 mg/dL; TG: 132.33 ± 75.11 mg/dL). These may be possible due to reduced inflammation and improvements in oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the reduction of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the enhancement of glutathione (GSH) after consuming the RP jelly drink for 8 weeks. However, no significant differences of treatment on glucose, total cholesterol, MCP-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 were observed. In conclusion, daily consumption of RP jelly drink for 8 weeks resulted in significant improvement in lipid profiles in subjects with dyslipidemia. However, more research is needed to assess its nutritional and functional potential.
Lesion-to-Liver SUVmax Ratio to Improve the Prognostic Value of the End of Treatment PET/CT in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. After first-line therapy, 30–40% of patients relapse or experiment with refractory disease. 18F-FDG PET/CT represents a validated diagnostic tool in post-treatment evaluation of FDG-avid lymphoma, and the Deauville Score (DS), a five-point visual scale, is usually used to assess response. However, the increased number of false positive findings suggested the need to search for new parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of End-of-Treatment-PET, comparing DS to the semi-quantitative Lesion-to-Liver ratio (LLR). Methods: newly diagnosed DLBCL patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. End-of-Treatment PET findings were assessed first using DS; secondly, assigned the LLR. Results: a total of 105 patients were finally enrolled. ROC analysis showed an LLR of 1.80 as the optimal cutoff value for predicting a disease progression (sensitivity 58%, specificity 95%). Both DS and LLR showed a statistically significant correlation with PFS and OS. LLR resulted in a better diagnostic performance than DS. Conclusions: LLR showed to be a reliable diagnostic method to assess treatment response in DLBCL. The integration of visual and semi-quantitative criteria could help in decision making, improving specificity and PPV.
Game Theory-Based Bidding Strategy in the Three-Level Optimal Operation of an Aggregated Microgrid in an Oligopoly Market

This paper proposes a new framework for the optimal operation of a microgrid aggregator (MGA) that participates in an oligopoly electricity market. This aggregator obtains an optimal bidding (power and price) strategy for a multigrid (MG) system, i.e., a community MG. Consequently, the granted quantity, i.e., power in the electricity market, is deployed to optimally schedule the MG’s resources to meet demand. As such, as per three-level optimization, the independent system operator (ISO) clears the market with the goal of maximizing the social welfare in the first stage and determining the hourly market price as well as players’ credited power. In the second-level optimization process, the players select the optimal coefficient supply function equilibrium according to the power granted from the market. In third-level optimization, an optimal scheduling for MGs’ resources and demand would be obtained according to the won power in the market to maximize the aggregator profit. In addition, a price-taker MGA is simulated for comparison with the price–maker MGA to highlight the advantage of the proposed technique. Furthermore, a bidding strategy based on game theory is proposed to obtain the optimal price and power of the oligopoly market players and maximize all players’ profits. Finally, a test system including three generators is created to evaluate the performance of the devised bidding strategy. The results show that the proposed bidding strategy can optimally calculate the focal point of the Nash equilibrium (NE) in the oligopoly electricity market.
PROXIMATE AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF FOUR TENGRA (MYSTUS SP.) FISHES OF BANGLADESH

Body flesh of the four fish species (Mystus) namely Mystus gulio, Mystus bleekeri, Mystus cavasius, and Mystus vittatus were collected and proximate composition and mineral contents (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn and Cu) were analyzed. The highest amount of protein (22.2±0.94%) and lipid (5.25±0.64%) were found in M. gulio. The maximum moisture (79.31±1.86%) and ash content (1.45±0.14%) were observed in M. cavasius where the M. gulio showed the lowest moisture content (71.5±0.95 %) and M. vittatus showed the lowest ash content (1.03±0.06%). The concentration range of Ca, Na, K, Mg, and P were 128±5.09 mg to 288± 2.94 mg, 67.2±0.8 to 86±2.16 mg, 254.5±2.43 to 316.8±3.98 mg, 43.0±1.31 to 47.4±1.31 mg and 122.5±1.89 to 220±1.8 mg per 100 g fish flesh respectively. M. gulio showed the highest amount of Na (86±2.16 mg) and P (220±1.8 mg). Among four species of Mystus fish, M. cavasius had the highest amount of Ca (288±2.94 mg) while M. vittatus showed the highest amount of both K (316.8±3.98 mg) and Mg (47.40±1.31 mg). Micro mineral contents in different Mystus species were more or less similar except the M. bleekeri, which showed a higher concentration of Fe (5.47±0.56 mg) where as M. cavasius contained no Cu.
A Comparative Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis Membrane Performance When Combined with Anaerobic or Aerobic Membrane Bioreactors for Indirect Potable Reuse Applications

The filtration performance and fouling behaviour of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes was investigated for the post-treatment of aerobic (Ae) and anaerobic (An) MBR effluents treating municipal wastewater for potable reuse. Both MBR effluents followed by RO can produce a water quality sufficient for indirect potable water reuse, while fluorescence excitation-emission scan suggests RO can effectively remove disinfection by-products pre-cursors, ensuring the safety for chlorine based reuse water distribution by rejecting the dissolved organic matters in MBR effluents. AnMBR effluent leads to more fouling when compared to the AeMBR effluent with an average membrane fouling resistance of 12.35 × 10 13 m − 1 and 8.97 × 10 13 m − 1 . Elemental analysis and membrane surface imaging results demonstrate that the foulant deposition sequence is organic and colloidal at first, followed by inorganic substances, while TOC and Ca are the most deposited foulants from both effluents. The unremoved ammonia in the AnMBR effluent may partially go through in the RO permeate and exceed the threshold in Singapore's PUB NEWater standard, while experiencing a significantly higher deposition rate of 13.8 % than the nitrate (0.02 %) from the AeMBR effluent. The findings suggest that the combination of AnMBR with RO offers a more sustainable approach than with the AeMBR but nutrients removal, with the potential of recovery, is recommended before the RO membranes to limit the fouling propensity and achieve a permeate of sufficient quality.
A Bloody Conspiracy— Blood Vessels and Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

Simple Summary The tumor microenvironment has risen over the last years as a significant contributor to the failure of antitumoral strategies due to its numerous pro-tumorigenic activities. In this review, we focused on two features of this microenvironment, namely angiogenesis and immunity, which have been the targets of therapies to tackle tumors via its microenvironmental part over the last decade. Increasing our knowledge of the complex interactions within this ecosystem is mandatory to optimize these therapeutic approaches. The development of innovative experimental models is of great help in reaching this goal. Abstract Cancer progression occurs in concomitance with a profound remodeling of the cellular microenvironment. Far from being a mere passive event, the re-orchestration of interactions between the various cell types surrounding tumors highly contributes to the progression of the latter. Tumors notably recruit and stimulate the sprouting of new blood vessels through a process called neo-angiogenesis. Beyond helping the tumor cope with an increased metabolic demand associated with rapid growth, this also controls the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells and the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. To decipher this critical interplay for the clinical progression of tumors, the research community has developed several valuable models in the last decades. This review offers an overview of the various instrumental solutions currently available, including microfluidic chips, co-culture models, and the recent rise of organoids. We highlight the advantages of each technique and the specific questions they can address to better understand the tumor immuno-angiogenic ecosystem. Finally, we discuss this development field’s fundamental and applied perspectives.
Simulation and Analysis of Wing Rock Physics for a Generic Fighter Model with Three Degrees-of-Freedom

Abstract : Modern fighter designs have been associated with lateral self-excited oscillations own as "Wing Rock". Simulations of wing rock by flow visualization utilities have been encouraged to develop a complete understanding of the fluid mechanism that drives fl%e motion as well as for prediction purposes. Previous windiwater tunnel simulations have been limited to a single degree-ofifreedom (DoF) in roll. In this study, for the first time, wing rock is computationally simulated in three DoF: roll, sideslip, and vertical motion to study the effect of adding file sideslip and vertical motion. The results are for a generic fighter model consisting of a fore-body, a cropped delta wing, and a vertical fin. The effect of including the vertical fin is also studied. The interaction of aerodynamics and rigid-body dynamics during a single DoF wing rock for the wing-body configuration has been studied via snap shots of a cross-plane stagnation pressure distribution and tracing il%e instantaneous locations of vortex burst for an entire cycle of wing rock. The effect of adding the sideslip and vertical motion DoF to the simulations of the wing-body configuration was found to delay file onset and to reduce the amplitude of wing rock by about 50% with surprisingly no change in frequency. The wing rock simulation in three DoF was repeated for file full generic fighter model with fl%e fin included. The aerodynamic effect of fl%e fin was found to significantly delay the vortex burst on the upper surface of the wing. The net effect of the fin was found to augment the damping of the oscillations with significant increase in frequency.
Approximate Solutions to Stochastic Dynamic Programs

This paper examines the properties of various approximation methods for solving stochastic dynamic programs in structural estimation problems. The problem addressed is evaluating the expected value of the maximum of available choices. The paper shows that approximating this by the maximum of expected values frequently has poor properties. It also shows that choosing a convenient distributional assumptions for the errors and then solving exactly conditional on the distributional assumption leads to small approximation errors even if the distribution is misspecified.
Scanning laser imaging of dissipation in YBa2Cu3O7−δ-coated conductors

We investigate dc-current flow in high-jc YBa2Cu3O7−δ-coated conductors by low-temperature laser scanning microscopy (LTLSM) and correlate the LTLSM response to magneto-optical imaging (MOI) and grain boundary (GB) misorientation. Because the voltage response measured by LTLSM is associated with the local electric field, while MOI shows the local magnetic field, the combination of these two techniques unambiguously shows that the dominant sources of dissipation and easy flux flow occur at and near GBs. By correlating LTLSM images to grain misorientation maps determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), we can directly observe the overloading of current paths through low-angle GBs neighboring higher-angle GBs.
Energy radiation from a multi-story building

Damping limits the resonance of vibrating systems and thus higher anelastic damping is generally favored for engineered structures subjected to earthquake motions, because it means that a structure can dissipate a larger percentage of its energy per oscillation cycle. However, there are elastic processes that can mimic the effects of anelastic damping. In particular, buildings lose kinetic energy when their motion generates elastic waves in the Earth, which is referred to as radiation damping. Unlike anelastic damping, strong radiation damping may not always be desirable, as reciprocity can be used to show that buildings may be strongly excited by elastic waves of similar characteristics to those generated by the building's forced vibrations. As a result, it is important to quantify the radiation damping of structures to be able to improve their design. Several experiments using Caltech's nine story Millikan Library as a controlled source were performed to investigate the radiation damping of the structure. The building was forced to resonate at its North-South and East-West fundamental modes, and seismometers were deployed around the structure in order to measure the waves generated by the library's excitation. From this "local" data set, we determine the elastic properties of the soils surrounding the structure and estimate what percentage of the total damping of the structure is due to energy radiation. Using Fourier transforms, we were also able to detect these waves at distances up to 400 km from the source using the broadband stations of the Southern California Seismic Network. This "regional" data set is used in an attempt to identify arrival times and to constrain the type of waves being observed at regional distances.
The Effect of Glasthma Syrup in Asthma: a study protocol for a triple-blind randomized controlled trial

Objectives Asthma is a chronic disease, and the demand for herbal medicines in this field has increased in recent years. The new findings highlight the role of the gut-lung axis in the pathophysiology of asthma. Hence, this study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of Glasthma syrup, an herbal formula based on Persian medicine, in improving asthma and regulating intestinal permeability. The formula consists of five herbal ingredients that have anti-inflammatory effects on the respiratory tract, also known as gut tonics. Methods The study will be conducted as a placebo-controlled, triple-blind, randomized trial. It will consist of a 4-week intervention followed by a 4-week follow-up period. The target sample size is 20 patients with moderate asthma aged 18 to 60 years. Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the control group in equal numbers. Patients in the experimental group will take Glasthma syrup (7.5 mL, twice a day), while patients in the control group will take a matching placebo. Both groups will receive a 4-week combination of a long-acting beta2 agonist and a leukotriene modulator as standard of care. Inhaled corticosteroids can be used as rescue medication as needed. Results The primary outcomes are asthma symptom scale, lung function, and intestinal permeability. Secondary outcomes include quality of life, symptom recurrence rates, and blood tests. A safety assessment will also be conducted during the trial. Conclusion In this trial, the effects of Glasthma syrup in patients with moderate asthma will be examined. The study will also assess the effects of the formulation on the gut-lung axis by simultaneously monitoring the gut permeability index, asthma symptoms, and lung function.
Modeling and Inverse Problems in the Presence of Uncertainty

Introduction Probability and Statistics Overview Probability and Probability Space Random Variables and Their Associated Distribution Functions Statistical Averages of Random Variables Characteristic Functions of a Random Variable Special Probability Distributions Convergence of a Sequence of Random Variables Mathematical and Statistical Aspects of Inverse Problems Least Squares Inverse Problem Formulations Methodology: Ordinary, Weighted, and Generalized Least Squares Asymptotic Theory: Theoretical Foundations Computation of SIGMAN, Standard Errors, and Confidence Intervals Investigation of Statistical Assumptions Bootstrapping vs. Asymptotic Error Analysis The "Corrective" Nature of Bootstrapping Covariance Estimates and Their Effects on Confidence Intervals Some Summary Remarks on Asymptotic Theory vs. Bootstrapping Model Selection Criteria Introduction Likelihood Based-Model Selection Criteria-Akaike Information Criterion and Its Variations The AIC under the Framework of Least Squares Estimation Example: CFSE Label Decay Residual Sum of Squares Based Model Selection Criterion Estimation of Probability Measures Using Aggregate Population Data Motivation Type I: Individual Dynamics/Aggregate Data Inverse Problems Type II: Aggregate Dynamics/Aggregate Data Inverse Problems Aggregate Data and the Prohorov Metric Framework Consistency of the PMF Estimator Further Remarks Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood Estimation Final Remarks Optimal Design Introduction Mathematical and Statistical Models Algorithmic Considerations Example: HIV Model Propagation of Uncertainty in a Continuous Time Dynamical System Introduction to Stochastic Processes Stochastic Differential Equations Random Differential Equations Relationships between Random and Stochastic Differential Equations A Stochastic System and Its Corresponding Deterministic System Overview of Multivariate Continuous Time Markov Chains Simulation Algorithms for Continuous Time Markov Chain Models Density Dependent Continuous Time Markov Chains and Kurtz's Limit Theorem Biological Application: Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Infection in a Hospital Unit Biological Application: HIV Infection within a Host Application in Agricultural Production Networks Overview of Stochastic Systems with Delays Simulation Algorithms for Stochastic Systems with Fixed Delays Application in the Pork Production Network with a Fixed Delay Simulation Algorithms for Stochastic Systems with Random Delays Application in the Pork Production Network with a Random Delay Frequently Used Notations and Abbreviations Index References appear at the end of each chapter.
Deep Learning Based Tongue Prickles Detection in Traditional Chinese Medicine

Tongue diagnosis is a convenient and noninvasive clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), having existed for thousands of years. Prickle, as an essential indicator in TCM, appears as a large number of red thorns protruding from the tongue. The term “prickly tongue” has been used to describe the flow of qi and blood in TCM and assess the conditions of disease as well as the health status of subhealthy people. Different location and density of prickles indicate different symptoms. As proved by modern medical research, the prickles originate in the fungiform papillae, which are enlarged and protrude to form spikes like awn. Prickle recognition, however, is subjective, burdensome, and susceptible to external factors. To solve this issue, an end-to-end prickle detection workflow based on deep learning is proposed. First, raw tongue images are fed into the Swin Transformer to remove interference information. Then, segmented tongues are partitioned into four areas: root, center, tip, and margin. We manually labeled the prickles on 224 tongue images with the assistance of an OpenCV spot detector. After training on the labeled dataset, the super-resolutionfaster-RCNN extracts advanced tongue features and predicts the bounding box of each single prickle. We show the synergy of deep learning and TCM by achieving a 92.42% recall, which is 2.52% higher than the previous work. This work provides a quantitative perspective for symptoms and disease diagnosis according to tongue characteristics. Furthermore, it is convenient to transfer this portable model to detect petechiae or tooth-marks on tongue images.