Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eine integrierte optimierungsbasierte Entwurfsumgebung für Flugregelungsaufgaben / An Integrated Optimisation Based Environment for Flight Control Law Design

Beim Entwurf von Flugregelgesetzen für elektronische Flugsteuerungen sind alle Aspekte zu berücksichtigen, die in Wechselwirkung mit der Gesamtsystemdynamik stehen. Es werden Stabilität, Flatterfreiheit, gute Fliegbarkeitseigenschaften, geringe Belastung von Struktur und Stellsystemen sowie adäquater Passagierkomfort im jeweiligen Betriebsbereich verlangt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt einen modellund optimierungsbasierten Entwurfsprozeß, der aufgrund seines ganzheitlichen Ansatzes eine nach Zeit und Kosten effiziente Auslegung von Flugregelgesetzen erlaubt. Zur Demonstration des Entwurfsprozesses wurde ein Prototyp einer integrierten Entwurfsumgebung entwickelt, der alle notwendigen Elemente für die Auslegung robuster Flugregelgesetze umfaßt: parametrische und physikalische Modellbildung, Analyse, Entwurfsmodellund Kriterienauswahl, Tuning und Kompromißfindung sowie Assessment bezüglich unsicherer Modellparameter. In einer Fallstudie wird die Vorgehensweise zur quantitativen Bewertung und Kompromißfindung exemplarisch beschrieben.
Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model to Explain Performance Appraisal Inaccuracies

Performance appraisal inaccuracy has received research attention partly due to actual job performance explaining a small portion of rating variance. This paper uses the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) to explain how and when factors unrelated to job performance will influence the performance evaluation process due to a rater’s lack of ability or motivation. Potential variables affecting rater motivation and ability to accurately assess employee performance are explained via the ELM, and several factors shown in previous research to affect rater accuracy are explained via the ELM framework. Suggestions for future research examining performance appraisal accuracy via the ELM are provided.
OPTIMAL USES OF BIOMASS RESOURCES IN DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS

OF DISSERTATION OPTIMAL USES OF BIOMASS RESOURCES IN DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS Biomass production is spatially distributed resulting in high transportation costs when moving dedicated biomass crops and crop residues. A multifaceted approach was taken to address this issue as the low bulk and energy density of biomass limits transportation efficiency. Two systems were analyzed for the conversion of biomass into a denser feedstock applicable to on-farm use. Pelletization was able to densify the material into a solid fuel. Using a pilot scale flat ring pellet mill, the density of the material was able to be increased to at least 4.4 times that of uncompressed material. Pellet durability was found to be strongly related to the moisture content of the material entering the mill. Unlike with ring roller pellet mills, a higher durability was typically seen forbiomass materials with a preconditioned moisture content of 20% (w.b.). From a liquid fuel standpoint, the conversion of lignocellulosic material into biobutanol on-farm was the second method investigated. For the pretreatment of biomass, alkaline hydrogen peroxide spray was demonstrated to be an effective enhancer of saccharification. The viability of on-farm biobutanol preprocessing bunker facilities within Kentucky was analyzed using Geographic Information systems (GIS) to specifically address transportation related factors. The spatial variability of corn field production, size, and location were resolved by utilizing ModelBuilder to combine the various forms of data and their attributes. Centralized and Distributed preprocessing with Centralized refining (DC) transportation systems were compared. Centralized was defined as transport of corn stover directly from the field to a refinery. DistributedCentralized was specified as going from the field to the biobutanol bunker with corn stover and from the bunker to the refinery with a dewatered crude biobutanol solution. For the DC design, the location of the field and refinery were fixed with the biobutanol bunker location being variable and dependent upon differing maximum transportation (880 km) cutoffs for biomass transport from the field to biobutanol bunkers. The DC designs demonstrated a lower (38 59%) total transportation cost with a reduced fuel use and CO2 emissions compared to the centralized system.
Gaussian Elimination Meets Maximum Satisfiability

Given a set of constraints F and a weight function W over the assignments, the problem of MaxSAT is to compute a maximum weighted solution of F. MaxSAT is a fundamental problem with applications in numerous areas. The success of MaxSAT solvers has prompted researchers in AI and formal methods communities to develop algorithms that can use MaxSAT solver as oracle. One such problem that stands to benefit from advances in MaxSAT solving is discrete integration. Recently, Ermon et al. achieved a significant breakthrough by reducing the problem of integration to polynomially many queries to an optimization oracle where $F$ is conjuncted with randomly chosen XOR constraints. Unlike approximate model counting, where hashing-based approaches have been able to achieve scalability as well as rigorous formal guarantees, the practical evaluation of Ermon et al's approach, called WISH, often sacrifice theoretical guarantees, largely due to lack of existing MaxSAT solvers with native XOR support. The primary contribution of this paper is a new MaxSAT solver, GaussMaxHS, with built-in XOR support. The architecture of GaussMaxHS is inspired by CryptoMiniSAT, which has been the workhorse of hashing-based approximate model counting techniques. The resulting solver, GaussMaxHS, outperforms MaxHS over 9628 benchmarks arising from spin glass models and network reliability domains. In particular, with a timeout of 5000 seconds, MaxHS could solve only 5473 benchmarks while GaussMaxHS could solve 6120 benchmarks.
Indirect Matrix Converter as Standard Power Electronic Interface

The increase in the penetration levels of distributed generation in the modern power grid and its importance in future energy systems have accelerated the interest of developing new power electronic interfaces for the energy conversion process. The feasibility of applying the indirect matrix converter as the standard power electronic interface for applications with power ratings from several kW to few MW is addressed in this dissertation. Special attention is given to those applications where space dominates the power electronic requirements. The main motivation for using the indirect matrix converter is that eliminates the energy storage component in the way of a dc-link capacitor for the energy conversion process. This contributes to reduce size and weight, and potentially, increase reliability of the power electronic interface. Two main new contributions are presented. First, a new power electronic interface that allows the connection of two ac power grids through a mediumor high-voltage dc system is proposed. The new topology contemplates the use of two high-voltage dc-link converters based on the modular multilevel converter, two indirect matrix converters and two medium-frequency transformers. Second, a new sensorless control technique working in the reference is developed. The controller is used to interface a distributed generation unit to the power grid when the indirect matrix converter is used as the power electronic interface. The design and performance of the proposed power electronic interface is validated through time-domain simulations and a laboratory prototype is built to experimentally validate the sensorless controller.
The Minds and Mind-Sets of Younger and Older Investors Regarding Information: A Mind Genomics Cartography

We present a new way to understand the mind of the investor, moving away from technical models of investing to determining in simple terms of type of information that the person feels to be important when deciding to invest. The experiment identifies the relative importance of different types and sources of information to which a person might pay attention. The approach, Mind Genomics, combines simple messages or elements to create vignettes, concepts which present several different aspects of the news and information. The respondent rates these different combinations in terms of the degree to which the combination reflects the respondent. Mind Genomics reveals three clearly different mind-sets of individuals, from those who focus on the source of the information, those who focus on the story and information, and those who focus on what their friends are saying and their own insights from mathematical models. Mind Genomics presents a new approach to understanding decision making under uncertainty, based upon the nature of the mind of the person.
Isolating rod function in the human eye

The first chapter explains the motivation for measuring rod function, in particular the rod? s dynamic recovery from a substantial bleach which results in so-called ? rate limited? recovery of sensitivity. The physiological processes that underpin the replenishment of the rod photopigment are described and discussed, and explain the way in which rod function can act as a marker for retinal health. Overall, this chapter explains why rod function is worthy of further investigation.Then follows a description of the experimental methods used in the study of rod function, presented in later chapters. The psychophysical procedures are described and a new method of dark adaptation measurement is presented. The key feature of this technique is a red background.Nonlinear mathematical models are used to describe the reduction in visual thresholds with time following a bleach. Chapter three describes the difficulties associated with numerical methods of nonlinear regression and presents a novel, multi start algorithm that extracts the parameters of interest from a model that adequately describes dark adaptation in the healthy normal subject.Chapter 4 verifies the algorithm presented in chapter 3, which is shown to be reliable and robust. A series of numerical experiments are performed to evaluate some of the characteristics of the algorithm? s performance.In chapter five, a series of experiments are presented to investigate the possible effect of a luminous background on dark adaptation (DA). The first experiment tests whether the rod system can detect a dim red background and the second, whether the rod thresh olds, when measured against light emitted by a red light emitting diode (LED), were linear. The third explores whether the background had any effect on the recovery of rod sensitivity. Finally, conventional contrast sensitivity is used to investigate the recovery from a photo bleach.A novel laboratory based apparatus was used to measure dark adaptation in a group of 36 subjects and the results of these measurements are presented in chapter six. The aim here was to see if the data collected were comparable with the dark adaptation data in the literature. These subjects were asked to make two visits so that an assessment of the test retest reliability of the method could be made. The method is shown to be reliable and capable of characterising the recovery of the visual system after a photo bleach.Although inherently flexible the analogue apparatus was prone to subject driven variability. Greater consistency of measurement was achieved using a digital device developed in partnership with an industry partner, Elektron (UK). This device, described in chapter seven provided fine control of many of the experimental parameters. It was used to measure the dark adaptation of a young healthy group of 21 people.This study uses new methodological approaches, both experimental and statistical, that are robust and reliable to facilitate investigation of rod function, and presents new findings about the early phase of rod sensitivity recovery.
Modeling and Control of a Parallel HEV Powertrain with Focus on the Clutch

Nowadays, the increasing amount of greenhouse gases and diminishing of the existing petroleum minerals for future generations, has led the automotive companies to think of producing vehicles with less emissions and fuel consumption. For this purpose, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have emerged in the recent decades. HEVs with different configurations have been introduced by engineers.The simulation platform aim for a parallel HEV, where the intention is to reduce the emissions and fuel consumption. The simulation platform includes an Electric Motor (EM) in addition to an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). A new transmission system is modeled which is compatible with parallel configuration for the HEV, where the inertial effects of the gearbox, clutch and driveline is formulated. The transmission system includes a gearbox which is equipped with synchronizers for smooth change of gears.The HEV is controlled by a rule based controller together with an optimization algorithm as power management strategy in order to have optimal fuel consumption. Using the rule based controller, the HEV is planned to be launched by EM in order to have a downsized clutch and ICE. The clutch modeling is the main focus of this study, where the slipping mechanism is considered in the simulation. In the driveline model, the flexibility effects of the propeller shaft and drive shaft is simulated, so that the model can capture the torsional vibrations of the driveline. The objective of modeling such a system is to reduce emissions and fuel consumption with the same performance of the conventional vehicle. To achieve this goal first a conventional vehicle is modeled and subsequently, a hybrid vehicle is modeled and finally the characteristics of the two simulated models are studied and compared with each other.Using the simulation platform, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, oscillations of propeller shaft and drive shaft, clutch actuations and couplings, energy dissipated by the clutch, torques provided by EM and ICE, fuel consumptions, emissions and calculation time are calculated and investigated. The hybridization results in a reduction in fuel consumption and emissions, moreover, the energy dissipated by the clutch and clutch couplings are decreased.
Zastosowanie Image Based Lighting (IBL) w środowisku rozrzeszonej rzeczywistości (AR)

Image based lighting (IBL) is a 3D rendering technique which involves plotting an image onto a dome or sphere which contains the primary subject. The lighting characteristics of the surrounding surface are then taken into account when rendering the scene, using the modeling techniques of global illumination. In first chapter Augmented Reality (AR) environment was generally presented. Chapter “Image Based Lighting (IBL)” show general issues of IBL technique focusing on using an image of the environment to calculate lighting, diffuse lighting (Lambert's cosine law (1), signal convolution (2)), specular lighting (Snell’s law) and realizations methods. In chapter three technique of calculate lighting from an image of the environment was presented. Extracting the mirrored sphere and crating sphere maps was detailed presented. Last chapter present rendering issues in IBL and AR systems. Adding shadows and using high dynamic range (HDR) images was discussed.
Exploring Socio-Economic Impact of Dengue Fever in Dhaka City: A Statistical Modeling Approach

There was a sudden increase in dengue affected people in Dhaka city during 2018 and 2019, considering the seriousness of the disease, this study attempted to investigate the socio-economic impact of dengue fever instead of its biological significance. The study considered a primary dataset of 235 affected and 235 unaffected participants from Dhaka city. The impact of dengue infection on the monthly expenditure of the patient was determined by the multiple linear regression models. The impact of Dengue on the human productivity of the respondents was assessed by another multiple linear regression model; the dependent variable absence (number of days absent from work) was applied as a proxy for measuring the productivity of the patient. Moreover, an important objective was to find out potential determinants of dengue in Dhaka city. Binary logistic regression applied for detecting the factors which were responsible for occurring dengue disease. The study found no significant association of family cost with dengue incidence but the loss of productivity turned out as statistically significant. People who lived alone were identified to experience the disease more, which might occur due to their insincerity about this disease. So, living alone persons need to increase their consciousness considering the seriousness of this disease. It was highly recommended by respondents to use mosquito repellent and net during sleeping, changing the water regularly from plant container, providing regular mosquito spray, and developing a drainage system in Dhaka city.
Maximising profit for multiple-product, single-period, single-machine manufacturing under sequential set-up constraints that depend on lot size

The classical problem of order acceptance/rejection in make-to-order environments, when aiming to maximise profit with machine set-ups is extended in this paper to multiple set-ups depending on manufacturing batch size. In this case, if the manufacturing batch is larger than certain product-dependent bounds, not only is the initial set-up required but also periodic reset-ups are in order, generating sub-batches of the same order, such as tool resharpening and machine recalibration. A network formulation provides the basis for identifying effective algorithms to obtain a solution to the problem. A binary programming model (BPM) and a dynamic programming formulation (DPF) are proposed to solve the problem to optimality. In addition, two heuristics are developed to obtain lower bounds on maximum profit: each attempt to maximise customer satisfaction under production time restrictions, and to provide an extension to the classical knapsack problem. Numerical experimentation shows that computational time is not an issue when BPM and heuristics are applied, but the cost of commercial solvers for BPM algorithms might be problematic. However, if the aim is to code the DPF in-house, the curse of dimensionality in dynamic programming must be addressed, although dynamic programming does yield a full sensitivity analysis, which is useful for decision-making.
Production Prediction of Hydraulically Fractured Reservoirs Based on Material Balances

Transient flow is dominant during most of the productive life of unconventional wells in ultra-low permeabilities resources such as shales. As a result, traditional reservoir performance analysis such as the conventional material balance have been rendered inapplicable. A new novel semi-analytical production predictive tool based on application of material balance on a transient linear flow system is developed.
Composing the instrument : an alternative approach to musical relationships between composer, instrument, performer and audience

This thesis develops a new conception for ‘composed instruments’ and explores how these instruments can serve to challenge the established norms of musical relationships. It investigates the relationships between music and those who listen, make and facilitate it and, by extension, the relationship between the audience, the performer, and the composer. Music need not be bound by the constraints of traditional instruments and performances can be interactive as opposed to didactic. These notions are investigated through the lens of a series of composed instruments, particularly the Arduinome (and variants), the Large Flat Panel Speakers (LaFPanS) and the Augmented Televisions (ATVs). The building of each of these instruments contributed to the refinement of the concept and, in turn, each has proven to offer a range of artistic possibilities as a result of being developed through a compositional process. The notion of the composed instrument as defined within this text aligns somewhat with the Fluxus group of artists, fostering the transition from audience to performer through universal playability and the levelling of musical hierarchies. Such an approach can re-organise performance hierarchies and have a democratising effect on music-making.
Drivers and limits of phenotypic responses in vulnerable seagrass populations: Zostera marina in the intertidal

Intertidal seagrass meadows are exposed to both marine and terrestrial environmental constraints. Seagrass vulnerability to climate changes in these highly dynamic and thermally stressful environments is concerning. Using broadscale monitoring data covering contrasted intertidal environments, this study aims to provide a comprehensive view of the extent, drivers and potential limits of Zostera marina phenotypic responses. The links between phenotypic and reproductive strategies are also explored. Across 500 km of coastline, Z. marina exhibited extensive variations of density, morphology, above‐ and below‐ground biomass and rates of clonality. Variance partitioning of phenotypic traits confirmed the strong link between intertidal seagrass populations and broadscale climate variability. However, it also highlighted a non‐negligible role of local factors such as exposure regime, substrate and tidal cycles. In its response to the environment, Z. marina displayed a trade‐off between the density and size of shoots, leading to two distinct phenotypic types: high densities and low above‐ to below‐ground biomass ratios (Type 1) in response to both high hydrodynamic and temperature stress, and low densities, high above‐ground biomass per shoot and developed leaves and sheaths (Type 2) in the most stable and less stressful intertidal environments. We argue that Type 1 maximizes self‐facilitation whereas Type 2 minimizes intraspecific competition, and that their occurrence matches predictions from the stress‐gradient hypothesis (SGH). Building on the SGH, we propose a generalized response of seagrass to environmental changes and discuss the role of light as a potential limiting resource for intertidal meadows. Synthesis. Here, we show how the SGH can explain seagrass phenotypic responses, drawing on previous experimental results to provide relevant predictions across different stress gradients. We also show that Zostera marina responds to strong hydrodynamics and thermal constraints, both likely to increase in the intertidal with climate changes, with a facilitation‐maximizing phenotypic type (Type 1). This strategy appears incompatible with the competition‐minimizing Type 2 found when seagrass face resource limitation, such as light limitation induced by water quality degradation. This potential limit to the resilience of intertidal seagrass populations in the face of cumulative stressors raises concern about their vulnerability regarding future climate scenarios.
An Annotative Review of Multiscale Modeling and its Application to Scales Inherent in the Field of ICME

In order to obtain a general understanding of the rich and diverse research being conducted in the area of multiscale modeling (MM), an overview is conducted with a special focus on composite materials. The objective is to glean both qualitative and quantitative information with regards to MM efforts with intentions of revealing some issues that may enable the field of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) as well as providing a starting point for specialists and non-specialists in the area of MM with regards to a variety of classifications.