Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of polish E-commerce - main trends and perspectives

The aim of this paper is to present main phases of Polish e-commerce development and to show its major trends. The author also tries to predict future directions of its development. The whole e-commerce process of development is divided into five phases. The first part of the paper presents the beginnings of Polish e-commerce. Then the following stages of development are discussed with presentation of some key figures e.g. percentage of individuals who ordered goods or services over the Internet. E-auctions phenomenon is analyzed and it’s influence on market is shown. WEB 2.0 philosophy in e-commerce is shortly described. Internet price comparison services are another occurrence which is analysed and specialization versus diversification of offer in Internet shops is discussed. The author shows the examples of Polish e-shops which changed their range of assortment. The last part of the paper shows future perspectives of Polish e-commerce and discusses probable ways of development into internationalization.
A Bounding Box-Based Radiomics Model for Detecting Occult Peritoneal Metastasis in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Multicenter Study

Purpose To develop a bounding box (BBOX)-based radiomics model for the preoperative diagnosis of occult peritoneal metastasis (OPM) in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients. Materials and Methods 599 AGC patients from 3 centers were retrospectively enrolled and were divided into training, validation, and testing cohorts. The minimum circumscribed rectangle of the ROIs for the largest tumor area (R_BBOX), the nonoverlapping area between the tumor and R_BBOX (peritumoral area; PERI) and the smallest rectangle that could completely contain the tumor determined by a radiologist (M_BBOX) were used as inputs to extract radiomic features. Multivariate logistic regression was used to construct a radiomics model to estimate the preoperative probability of OPM in AGC patients. Results The M_BBOX model was not significantly different from R_BBOX in the validation cohort [AUC: M_BBOX model 0.871 (95% CI, 0.814–0.940) vs. R_BBOX model 0.873 (95% CI, 0.820–0.940); p = 0.937]. M_BBOX was selected as the final radiomics model because of its extremely low annotation cost and superior OPM discrimination performance (sensitivity of 85.7% and specificity of 82.8%) over the clinical model, and this radiomics model showed comparable diagnostic efficacy in the testing cohort. Conclusions The BBOX-based radiomics could serve as a simpler reliable and powerful tool for the preoperative diagnosis of OPM in AGC patients. And M_BBOX-based radiomics is simpler and less time consuming.
Improving the Quantification of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Novel 3D-Edge Enhancement Technique

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is a small, inhomogeneous structure that relays major sensory inputs from the retina to the visual cortex. LGN morphology has been intensively studied due to various retinal diseases, as well as in the context of normal brain development. However, many of the methods used for LGN structural evaluations have not adequately addressed the challenges presented by the suboptimal routine MRI imaging of this structure. Here, we propose a novel method of edge enhancement that allows for high reliability and accuracy with regard to LGN morphometry, using routine 3D-MRI imaging protocols. This new algorithm is based on modeling a small brain structure as a polyhedron with its faces, edges, and vertices fitted with one plane, the intersection of two planes, and the intersection of three planes, respectively. This algorithm dramatically increases the contrast-to-noise ratio between the LGN and its surrounding structures as well as doubling the original spatial resolution. To show the algorithm efficacy, two raters (MA and ML) measured LGN volumes bilaterally in 19 subjects using the edge-enhanced LGN extracted areas from the 3D-T1 weighted images. The averages of the left and right LGN volumes from the two raters were 175 ± 8 and 174 ± 9 mm3, respectively. The intra-class correlations between raters were 0.74 for the left and 0.81 for the right LGN volumes. The high contrast edge-enhanced LGN images presented here, from a 7-min routine 3T-MRI acquisition, is qualitatively comparable to previously reported LGN images that were acquired using a proton density sequence with 30–40 averages and 1.5-h of acquisition time. The proposed edge-enhancement algorithm is not limited only to the LGN, but can significantly improve the contrast-to-noise ratio of any small deep-seated gray matter brain structure that is prone to high-levels of noise and partial volume effects, and can also increase their morphometric accuracy and reliability. An immensely useful feature of the proposed algorithm is that it can be used retrospectively on noisy and low contrast 3D brain images previously acquired as part of any routine clinical MRI visit.
CAvant® WO-60 as an Effective Immunological Adjuvant for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease Vaccine

Despite the immunogenicity of vaccines currently used in poultry, several pathogens, including avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV), cause enormous economic losses to the global poultry industry. The efficacy of vaccines can be improved by the introduction of effective adjuvants. This study evaluated a novel water-in-oil emulsion adjuvant, CAvant® WO-60, which effectively enhanced both the immunogenicity of conserved influenza antigen sM2HA2 and inactivated whole H9N2 antigen (iH9N2). CAvant® WO-60 induced both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in mice and provided 100% protection from challenge with 10 LD50 of A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005 (H5N2) and A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004 (H9N2) AIV. Importantly, immunization of chickens with iH9N2 plus inactivated NDV LaSota (iNDV) bivalent inactivated vaccine emulsified in CAvant® WO-60 induced seroprotective levels of antigen-specific antibody responses. Taken together, these results suggested that CAvant® WO-60 is a promising adjuvant for poultry vaccines.
Alterations in Gastric Mucosal Microbiota in Gastric Carcinogenesis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: The gastric microbiota profile alters during gastric carcinogenesis. We aimed to identify the alterations in the alpha diversity and relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera of gastric microbiota in the development of gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The systematic review was performed based on a published protocol with the registration number CRD42020206973. We searched through PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, as well as conference proceedings and references of review articles (May 2021) for observational studies reporting either the relative abundance of bacterial phyla or genera, or alpha diversity indexes in both GC and non-cancer groups. Selection of studies and data extraction were performed independently by two researchers, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Risk of bias was assessed using the self-modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results of random-effects meta-analyses were presented as mean differences (MD). Results: Our systematic review included 751 GC patients and 792 non-cancer patients from 14 case-control studies. Gastric cancer group had fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (MD = −68.52, 95%CI: −126.65 to −10.39) and a lower Simpson index (MD = −0.13, 95%CI: −0.20 to −0.07) compared with non-cancer group. At the phylum level, gastric cancer group had a higher abundance of Firmicutes (MD = 7.11, 95%CI: 1.76 to 12.46). At the genus level, Streptococcus (MD = 3.03, 95%CI: 0.07 to 6.00) and Lactobacillus (MD = 5.15, 95%CI: 1.27 to 9.04) were found to be enriched in GCgroup. The relative abundance of the rest bacterial phyla or genera analyzed in our study did not significantly differ between two groups. Subgroup analyses indicated that the source of samples was the major source of interstudy heterogeneity. Conclusion: This systematic review suggested that gastric microbiota dysbiosis occurred in gastric carcinogenesis, with alpha diversity declined and microbiota composition altered.
Heat Ameliorating and Immunomodulatory Activity of Ayucee Liquid with Effect on Behavioral Parameters in Broilers under Heat Stress

adversely affects the profit from the enterprise. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate comparative effects of supplementation of vitamin C and a new coded polyherbal liquid antistressor product Ayucee liquid (supplied by M/S Ayurvet Ltd., Baddi, H.P., India) on the performance of environmental heat stressed broilers birds. 90 day-old unsexed broiler chicks of Vencobb strain exposed to environmental heat were randomly divided into three groups each having three replicates of ten birds. Group- T0: Untreated control, Group- T1: supplemented with synthetic Vit. C @ 100g/ton of feed, Group- T2: supplemented with Ayucee liquid (Starter: @1 ml/100 birds/day Grower: @ 2ml/100 birds/day Finisher: @ 3ml/100 birds/day in water. The birds were fed standard ration throughout the experiment. At the end of 42nd day significantly higher (p≤0.05) feeding and drinking rate, leg and wing stretch and preening rate (birds/minute) were recorded in antistressor supplemented groups T1 and T2 as compared to untreated control group. Mean FCR for T1 was significantly lower (1.66) than T2 (1.81) and control (1.83). Mortality rate was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in control group T0: 16.67% and low in T1 and T2: 6.67%. The haematobiochemical data revealed normalization of values in treated groups as compared to control. Dressing % was significantly high (P≤0.05) in group T2 (70.15%) and group T1 (67.15%) as compared to control (64.78 %). Antibody titre was significantly higher in the treated groups as compared to untreated control. Histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney and spleen suggested the potential stress ameliorating and antioxidant efficacy of antistress products that has resulted in minimal damage to tissues and organs in birds of treated groups. From the results it can be concluded that Ayucee liquid is effective in combating heat stress and immunosuppression, besides enhancing the production performance in poultry and can successfully replace vit C in broiler ration.
Children’s Verbal, Visual and Spatial Processing and Storage Abilities: An Analysis of Verbal Comprehension, Reading, Counting and Mathematics

The importance of working memory (WM) in reading and mathematics performance has been widely studied, with recent research examining the components of WM (i.e., storage and processing) and their roles in these educational outcomes. However, the differing relationships between these abilities and the foundational skills involved in the development of reading and mathematics have received less attention. Additionally, the separation of verbal, visual and spatial storage and processing and subsequent links with foundational skills and downstream reading and mathematics has not been widely examined. The current study investigated the separate contributions of processing and storage from verbal, visual and spatial tasks to reading and mathematics, whilst considering influences on the underlying skills of verbal comprehension and counting, respectively. Ninety-two children aged 7- to 8-years were assessed. It was found that verbal comprehension (with some caveats) was predicted by verbal storage and reading was predicted by verbal and spatial storage. Counting was predicted by visual processing and storage, whilst mathematics was related to verbal and spatial storage. We argue that resources for tasks relying on external representations of stimuli related mainly to storage, and were largely verbal and spatial in nature. When a task required internal representation, there was a draw on visual processing and storage abilities. Findings suggest a possible meaningful separability of types of processing. Further investigation of this could lead to the development of an enhanced WM model, which might better inform interventions and reasonable adjustments for children who struggle with reading and mathematics due to WM deficits.
Allopregnanolone Improves Locomotor Activity and Arousal in the Aged CGG Knock-in Mouse Model of Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome

Carriers of the fragile X premutation (PM) can develop a variety of early neurological symptoms, including depression, anxiety and cognitive impairment as well as being at risk for developing the late-onset fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The absence of effective treatments for FXTAS underscores the importance of developing efficacious therapies to reduce the neurological symptoms in elderly PM carriers and FXTAS patients. A recent preliminary study reported that weekly infusions of Allopregnanolone (Allop) may improve deficits in executive function, learning and memory in FXTAS patients. Based on this study we examined whether Allop would improve neurological function in the aged CGG knock-in (CGG KI) dutch mouse, B6.129P2(Cg)-Fmr1tm2Cgr/Cgr, that models much of the symptomatology in PM carriers and FXTAS patients. Wild type and CGG KI mice received 10 weekly injections of Allop (10 mg/kg, s.c.), followed by a battery of behavioral tests of motor function, anxiety, and repetitive behavior, and 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to examine adult neurogenesis. The results provided evidence that Allop in CGG KI mice normalized motor performance and reduced thigmotaxis in the open field, normalized repetitive digging behavior in the marble burying test, but did not appear to increase adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Considered together, these results support further examination of Allop as a therapeutic strategy in patients with FXTAS.
Coupling Root Diameter With Rooting Depth to Reveal the Heterogeneous Assembly of Root-Associated Bacterial Communities in Soybean

Root diameter and rooting depth lead to morphological and architectural heterogeneity of plant roots; however, little is known about their effects on root-associated microbial communities. Bacterial community assembly was explored across 156 samples from three rhizocompartments (the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and endosphere) for different diameters (0.0–0.5 mm, 0.5–1.0 mm, 1.0–2.0 mm, and>2.0 mm) and depths (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–15 cm, and 15–20 cm) of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] root systems. The microbial communities of all samples were analyzed using amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that root diameter significantly affected the rhizosphere and endosphere bacterial communities, while rooting depth significantly influenced the rhizosphere and rhizoplane bacterial communities. The bacterial alpha diversity decreased with increasing root diameter in all three rhizocompartments, and the diversity increased with increasing rooting depth only in the rhizoplane. Clearly, the hierarchical enrichment process of the bacterial community showed a change from the rhizosphere to the rhizoplane to the endosphere, and the bacterial enrichment was higher in thinner or deeper roots (except for the roots at a depth of 15–20 cm). Network analysis indicated that thinner or deeper roots led to higher bacterial network complexity. The core and keystone taxa associated with the specific root diameter class and rooting depth class harbored specific adaptation or selection strategies. Root diameter and rooting depth together affected the root-associated bacterial assembly and network complexity in the root system. Linking root traits to microbiota may enhance our understanding of plant root-microbe interactions and their role in developing environmentally resilient root ecosystems.
The Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of the Combination of TACE and Apatinib for the Treatment of BCLC Stage C Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: Apatinib is a inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. To explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib in the treatment of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C (BCLC C) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Clinical data of 146 HCC patients with BCLC stage C admitted to our hospital were collected and analyzed retrospectively, of which 76 cases were treated with TACE combined with apatinib (TACE-apatinib) and 70 with TACE alone. The tumor response, survival time, and adverse events were compared between the two groups, and the factors affecting the prognosis were analyzed. Results: The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) in the TACE-apatinib group were higher than in the TACE-alone group (ORR: 42.10 vs. 25.71%, P = 0.03; DCR: 84.21 vs. 55.71%, P = 0.001). The median time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) in the TACE-apatinib group were longer than in the TACE-alone group (TTP: 5.5 vs. 3.7 months, P = 0.02; OS: 10.0 vs. 6.2 months, P = 0.01). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor size, Child-Pugh class, and the presence of the portal vein tumor thrombus affect the prognosis of patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that TACE-apatinib therapy resulted in a higher OS in patients with tumor size <10 cm, without portal vein tumor thrombus, and with Child-Pugh class A (P < 0.05). The likelihood of adverse events (hand-foot syndrome, hypertension, oral ulcer) was significantly higher in the increased in the TACE-apatinib group than in the TACE alone group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: TACE-apatinib is an effective and safe method for the treatment of BCLC stage C HCC. Tumor size, Child-Pugh class, and portal vein tumor thrombus affect survival time in HCC patients with BCLC stage C.
CmRCC1 Gene From Pumpkin Confers Cold Tolerance in Tobacco by Modulating Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Activity

Low-temperature stress is the main limiting factor of cucurbit crop cultivation as it affects crop yield and quality. The identification of genes involved in cold tolerance is a crucial aspect of pumpkin rootstock breeding. Here, we examined the function of a pumpkin Regulator of Chromosome Condensation 1 (CmRCC1) gene in the root development and cold stress responses of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana). CmRCC1 expression was differentially induced in pumpkin root, stem, and leaf under cold stress. Transient transformation showed that CmRCC1 is located in the nucleus. CmRCC1 overexpression in tobacco increased the gravitropic set-point angle in lateral roots, as well as root diameter and volume. The expression of auxin polar transport factors, PIN1 and PIN3, decreased and increased in CmRCC1-overexpressed plants, respectively. Yeast two-hybrid verification and luciferase complementation imaging assay showed that CmRCC1 interacts with CmLAZY1. Furthermore, the decreases in maximum quantum yield of PS II, the effective quantum yield of PS II, and electron transfer rate and the increases in quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation and malondialdehyde content were compromised in transgenic plants compared with wild-type plants under cold stress. The results suggest that CmRCC1 plays an important role in the regulation of root architecture and positively modulates cold tolerance.
The Optimal Scheduling of a Reversing Strip Mill: Studies Using Multipopulation Genetic Algorithms and Differential Evolution

Abstract This article addresses a problem of minimizing the hot rolling time of an ingot, from a given initial thickness to a prescribed final one, subject to a number of system constraints. The idea is to determine the minimum possible odd number of passes, so that the ingot leaves in the same direction as it entered, which would ensure the necessary degree of reduction without violating the prescribed upper limits of the available torque and roll force. A maximum rolling velocity was also prescribed and additional restrictions were imposed on the rates of acceleration and deceleration inside the mill. The problem was solved by using a number of variants of genetic algorithms, including a multipopulation island model and differential evolution, besides the simple genetic algorithms. The results are compared with some earlier work based on a discrete dynamic programming technique, and a model based on an improved formulation is also presented.
Network Theory for Chemical Processes

The concept of a network theory proposed in this paper provides a basis for systematically addressing questions concerning the design and operation of integrated processes. The route to a problem solution is characterised by the following steps. Modular process structuring takes place on hierarchically ordered levels by coupling of components and linkage elements. The process module are coupled mass- and energy-wise by means of opposing potential and current vectors. The linkage which is coupled one-sidedly and is hence reaction-free is a special case. Process modelling utilises modular process structuring and assigns the structural modules to behaviour-describing modules. Process analysis examines structural properties (stability, controllability, observability, sensitivity) and nonlinear phenomena (ignition and extinction; boundary cycles, waves, chaos) of the overall process behaviour. Process design considers the layout and control of processes from holistic vantage points and aims at optimum determination of the nature, number, and coupling of all the components and linkage elements of an integrated process in the light of a given production goal.
Euphorbia Factor L2 ameliorates the Progression of K/BxN Serum-Induced Arthritis by Blocking TLR7 Mediated IRAK4/IKKβ/IRF5 and NF-kB Signaling Pathways

Toll like receptor (TLR)s have a central role in regulating innate immunity and their activation have been highlighted in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). EFL2, one of diterpenoids derived from Euphorbia seeds, is nearly unknown expect for its improving effect on acute lung injury. Our present study aimed to investigate EFL2’s pharmacokinetic features, its therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis, and explored the potential anti-arthritic mechanisms. K/BxN serum transfer arthritis (STA) murine model was used to assess EFL2’s anti-arthritic effects. We also applied UPLC-MS method to measure the concentrations of EFL2 in plasma. The inhibitory effects of this compound on inflammatory cells infiltration and activation were determined by flow cytometry analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in vivo, and immunochemistry staining and ELISA in murine macrophages and human PBMCs in vitro, respectively. The mechanism of EFL2 on TLRs mediated signaling pathway was evaluated by PCR array, Western blot, plasmid transfection and confocal observation. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of EFL2, instead of oral administration, could effectively ameliorate arthritis severity of STA mice. The inflammatory cells migration and infiltration into ankles were also significantly blocked by EFL2, accompanied with dramatically reduction of chemokines mRNA expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In vivo PCR microarray indicated that EFL2 exerted anti-arthritis bioactivity by suppressing TLR7 mediated signaling pathway. In vitro study confirmed the inhibitory effects of EFL2 on TLR7 or TLR3/7 synergistically induced inflammatory cytokines secretion in murine macrophages and human PBMCs. In terms of molecular mechanism, we further verified that EFL2 robustly downregulated TLR7 mediated IRAK4-IKKβ-IRF5 and NF-κB signaling pathways activation, and blocked IRF5 and p65 phosphorylation and translocation activity. Taken together, our data indicate EFL2’s therapeutic potential as a candidate for rheumatoid arthritis and other TLR7-dependent diseases.