Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration of global conceptual Tank model in the Oubanguien watershed

In the context of insufficient data in a given area, it is recommended to use hydrological models at low settings. This avoids the risk associated with the parameters of the model uncertainty increases. In this study, we propose to calibrate the overall conceptual model TANK Ubangian in the watershed. It is classified in the category of watersheds little instrumented. Analysis of the performance of the TANK model and the surface runoff coefficient show good calibration results TANK model. On average, the value of the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion is estimated at 0.73.
Running on Empty ?

In an article in the January 2013 Psychological Review, Lillard, Lemer, Hopkins, Dore, Smith, and Palmquist set out to critique the customary claim that pretend play contributes to healthy child development. Following Peter Smith, they distinguished three possibilities for the impact of pretend play. Pretend play, they proposed, might serve a crucial causal role in healthy development, function as one of many equifinal routes to healthy development, or represent an epiphenomenon of other factors that promote healthy development. They reviewed a variety of correlational and experimental studies to choose among these three possibilities and, in the absence of consistently strong positive correlations, they cast doubt on the notion that pretend play serves a crucial, causal role. In this article, Harris and Jalloul review the arguments of the Lillard article to reassess this negative conclusion. The authors suggest that studies emphasizing the frequency of pretend play may not be able to tell us whether it serves a crucial role in healthy development.
Quantifying the Association between Active Tuberculosis Incidence and Migrant Farm Worker Populations among Florida Counties, 2009-2013: An Ecological Study

ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Clinical Background . 2 TB Characterizations . 2 Chain of Transmission . 2 Treatment . 3 Epidemiology of TB MFW Populations . 3 A Summary of Investigations . 3 Rationale of TB Transmission . 6 Risk factor nexus. 6 Occupational problem . 7 Commercial sex workers . 8 Distribution of TB . 9 Demographic distribution . 9 Geographic distribution . 10 Temporal distribution . 11 Risk Factors . 12 Study Rationale . 14 CHAPTER TWO: METHODS. 16 Summary of Study Design . 16 Data Sources . 18 Sources of Case Data: HIMS and TIMS Surveillance Systems . 18 Sources of Estimates of MFWs: QCEW, NAWS, and NASS Cropland Data Layers . 18 QCEW . 18 NAWS . 19 NASS Cropland Data Layers . 20 Sources of Risk Factor Data: PEP, LAUS, SAIPE, and ACS 5-Year Estimates . 21 PEP . 21 LAUS . 22 SAIPE . 22 ACS 5-year estimates . 23 Definition, Assessment, and Measurement of Variables . 24 Active TB Case Counts . 24
La limite géographique entre les sous-espèces glossina palpalis palpalis (Rob-Desv.) et G. palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) en Afrique occidentale

L'etude biometrique de la tete de G.p.p. et de G.p.g. sur des echantillons recoltes dans 14 pays africains a permis aux auteurs de localiser la limite geographique entre les 2 sous-especes en Afrique occidentale. La limite actuelle est expliquee en fonction de la vegetation, de facteurs paleoclimatiques et du reseau hydrographique ainsi que par le fait que les 2 sous-especes pourraient se croiser en donnant soit des hybrides pleinement fertiles soit des hybrides mâles steriles. Le statut taxonomique des sous especes est discute
Segmentação por Instâncias de Estágios de Desenvolvimento de Cochonilha de Escama com Mask R-CNN

Este trabalho apresenta resultados preliminares de um sistema de reconhecimento, classificação e contagem para cochonilha de escama (Diaspis echinocacti) em amostras de palma forrageira, com objetivo de classificar fases da cochonilha de primeiro e terceiro instar, além de identificar machos e fêmeas. Foram utilizados algoritmos de machine learning e o modelo Mask R-CNN, técnicas de processamento de imagens, e uso de tecnologias como a cloud computing. Há vários desafios no caminho como a rotulagem dos dados, demanda de um alto poder de processamento computacional, com isso há possibilidade de melhorias mas o modelo aprendeu bem os padrões, e há grande avanço.
Microvascular angina – an abstruse path to diagnose and to treat – a review of literature

Introduction: Chronic coronary syndrome is predominantly related to the atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary artery or arteries. However, this phenomenon is not the only causative factor in this disease. It is usually forgotten, that there is a possibility of ischemia of the cardiac muscle with no obstruction found in the main vessel. The trigger of such pathology might be underlying in the microcirculatory system and the inappropriate dilation or constriction of those small vessels, which results in insufficient blood supply to the cardiomyocytes, similarly to the typical obstructive coronary artery disease. In this article we are willing to show that such dysfunction poses a great danger to the health and life and therefore we should be able to properly diagnose and treat it. Purpose of the work: The aim of this review of up-to-date literature is to raise awareness among both doctors and patients about the phenomenon of coronary artery disease but with no significant obstruction in the vessels supplying the cardiac muscle. The common cause of such condition is coronary microvascular dysfunction, that leads to a disease called microvascular angina. Our purpose was to reveal, how dangerous to the health of the patients this could be and therefore how essential it is to provide a proper diagnose and management. In addition, we have noticed a need for a summary of what has already been discovered on this topic, available therapeutic methods and future perspectives.
A Systematic Literature Review of Entrepreneurial Education in Electrical, Electronic, and Computer Engineering Curricula

This study contributes to entrepreneurship education within electrical, electronic and computer (EEC) engineering curricula by providing a comprehensive overview of the teaching methodologies and assessment designs currently employed by educators. We explore the challenges faced by both EEC engineering educators and students in entrepreneurship education. This study is motivated by the need to understand the landscape of entrepreneurship education within EEC engineering curricula. This will benefit those who are starting an entrepreneurship course or reflecting on their course design and delivery. The following research questions are examined in this study: Is the need for entrepreneurship education in EEC engineering curricula based on development of soft skills and/or economic need? ; What teaching methods are used within entrepreneurship teaching for EEC engineering students? ; How are the students assessed within EEC engineering entrepreneurship education? Does EEC engineering entrepreneurship education vary based on country? ; What challenges do students encounter participating in EEC engineering entrepreneurship? ; What challenges do educators encounter in delivering EEC engineering entrepreneurship? ; This study adopted a systematic literature review approach. The findings revealed that project-based learning is the most popular method of curriculum delivery along with lectures, while, a business plan, pitch, and prototype product are common components in assessment. The study also highlighted the United States of America as being well established in this field compared to other countries. The administrative challenge to educators was discussed but there are new opportunities, such as experiential based learning, which has started to be adopted.
Multi-Species Stand Classification: Definition and Perspectives

The increasing demands for products and services from forests enhanced new approaches to stand composition, structure, and management, which encompass multiple use systems, frequently mixed either even aged or uneven aged. Stand classification is frequently based on one density measure (number of trees, basal area, volume or crown cover). As no standard criteria exist, the direct comparison between the different stand classifications is difficult. This created a need for a stand classification that incorporates not only the forest species and composition but also their horizontal and vertical arrangements. The four criteria stand classification incorporates the number of species and their proportion, their horizontal and vertical distribution. The application of this methodology enables an integrated approach, bridging the gap between composition and stand structure. Its use in the National Forest Inventories and in research studies is simple, as shown in the two cases of study presented. It also allows the evaluation of stands in a certain moment in time and their dynamics.
Study on SME Financing and Their Impact on The Firms Financial Performance in Oman

Oman has grappled with economic turbulence, thrusting the financial struggles of small businesses into the forefront of governmental concerns. In response, the Omani government has introduced several policies aimed at bolstering Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to ensure their sustained contribution to economic growth. Despite endeavors to fortify SMEs, they continue to confront formidable challenges, resulting in a notable rate of failures. A significant number still find themselves in need of crucial financial support to navigate the increasingly competitive global market. Securing these funds, however, presents a formidable obstacle, as the processes involved are beset by numerous hurdles. This study sought to comprehensively investigate the financial challenges encountered by SMEs in Oman and scrutinize the impediments inherent in prevailing policies and procedures. Data was gathered through research questionnaires distributed to 326 SMEs in Oman. Employing Likert scale questionnaires for the quantitative aspect and open-ended questions for the qualitative component, the collected data underwent rigorous analysis using statistical tools. The findings underscored the multifaceted challenges facing SMEs in Oman, encompassing both external and internal factors. Specific challenges identified included the indifference of commercial banks, exorbitant borrowing costs, inadequate financial collateral support demanded by financial institutions, a dearth of modern accounting systems, and limited awareness about the intricacies of accessing financial assistance. The exacerbated financial challenges experienced by SME owners were found to moderately impact overall SME performance, potentially stemming from economic downturns, limited job opportunities, and delayed international market entry. Addressing these challenges necessitates the formulation of specific operational strategies by SMEs, coupled with robust support at the national level. It is imperative for commercial banks and financial institutions to accord special attention to SMEs, recognizing their pivotal role in the economic landscape. Through collaborative efforts, SMEs can overcome these obstacles and thrive in a dynamic business environment.
Effect of Protein Surface Hydrophobicity and Surface Amines on Soy Adhesive Strength

Soy is considered one of the most promising natural materials for manufacturing wood adhesives due to its low cost, high protein content, and ready availability. However, more cost-effective ways of improving its wet shear strength are needed to achieve wider market acceptance. Protein adhesive wet strength depends on the use of (typically expensive) crosslinking additives as well as the processing/denaturation of the protein. It has been commonly stated in the literature that protein denaturation leads to higher bond strength by activating the surface and exposing the reactive groups. Therefore, we investigated how differences in surface reactive groups (surface hydrophobicity and reactive amine groups) brought on with different denaturation treatments relate to bonding performance. Fourteen soy protein isolates (SPIs) with different denaturation histories were investigated. Characterization of the SPIs included surface hydrophobicity, surface amine content, extent of protein hydrolysis, and bond strength (wet and dry, with and without polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) crosslinking agent) by ASTM D7998. The molecular weight patterns showed that proteins denatured by extensive hydrolysis had very low bond strengths. Adding the crosslinker, PAE, improved all the shear strength values. We found that the number of water-accessible reactive amine groups on protein surfaces had no impact on the adhesive strength, even with the amine-reactive crosslinker, PAE. Conversely, increased surface hydrophobicity was beneficial to adhesive strength in all cases, though this correlation was only statistically significant for wet strength without PAE. While, in general, denatured proteins are typically thought to form better bonds than native state proteins, this work suggests that it matters how proteins are denatured, and what surfaces become exposed. Denaturation by hydrolysis did not improve bond strength, and extensive hydrolysis seemed highly detrimental. Moreover, exposing hydrophobic surface groups was beneficial, but exposing covalent bond-forming reactive amine groups was not.
Thermobarometry and electron-microprobe Th-U-Pb monazite dating in garnet metapelites from the Capelinha Formation, Araçuaí Orogen, Brazil

The Capelinha Formation (Macaubas Group) consists of a lower quartzitic unit with metamafic intercalations and an upper metapelitic sequence. It occurs in a complex tectono-metamorphic sector of the Aracuai orogen, where post-collisional collapse-related structures superimposed collisional structures. The garnet-bearing assemblages started crystallization in the collisional deformation stage that formed the main regional foliation around 570 Ma. Garnet porphyroblasts display a well-developed growth zonation of Fe-Mg-Ca-Mn and show, from core to rim, increasing almandine and pyrope contents in contrast with decreasing grossular and spessartine contents. Mineral relations and microstructures provide criteria for local equilibria and a structurally controlled application of geothermobarometers based on cation exchange and net transfer reactions. The P-T values calculated from cores to rims of garnets, aligned along clockwise trends, resulted in increasing temperatures (from 500 oC up to 620 oC) under decompression conditions (from 8.0 kbar to 4.5 kbar). The Th-U-Pb dating of homogeneous monazites by electron microprobe revealed a recrystallization period at around 490 - 480 Ma. These ages can be related to the tectono-thermal event associated with the gravitational collapse, constraining the youngest time limit for metamorphic processes in the Aracuai orogen.
The Role of Social Media in the Spread of Religious Extremism Thoughts and Their Impact on Social Pathology

This research aims to explore the role of social media in the spread of religious extremism and its impact on social pathology. With the development of increasingly sophisticated times, nowadays it is very easy to disseminate an idea via social media which is quickly absorbed by the public. This research will use a qualitative approach with a literature review of works relevant to the role of social media in the spread of religious extremism and its impact on social pathology. The sources used in this research are books, journals, articles and related academic writings. Content analysis of this research will be used to identify key emerging themes in the relevant literature. The results of this research reveal the role of social media in the spread of religious extremism thoughts, religious extremism from a social and transpersonal psychology perspective, as well as the impact and ways of overcoming religious extremism thoughts on social pathology. To overcome the role of social media in the spread of religious extremism, including: increasing awareness, regulation and supervision, inclusive religious education, individual awareness. Therefore, preventive and intervention steps need to be taken to overcome this problem, including increasing awareness, regulation, interfaith collaboration, inclusive education, and individual awareness.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Oxidative Stress in Tendon Degeneration: A Molecular Perspective

Tendinopathy is a debilitating condition marked by degenerative changes in the tendons. Its complex pathophysiology involves intrinsic, extrinsic, and physiological factors. While its intrinsic and extrinsic factors have been extensively studied, the role of physiological factors, such as hypoxia and oxidative stress, remains largely unexplored. This review article delves into the contribution of hypoxia-associated genes and oxidative-stress-related factors to tendon degeneration, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies. The unique aspect of this study lies in its pathway-based evidence, which sheds light on how these factors can be targeted to enhance overall tendon health.
Relationship between skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra with infection risk and long-term prognosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Objective Infection is a major cause of increased mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). This study aims to examine the potential correlation of the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar vertebra (L3-SMI) with infections among ACLF patients and to evaluate its impact on the long-term survival. Methods This retrospective study included 126 patients who underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) and were diagnosed with ACLF at our center between December 2017 and December 2021. L3-SMI was calculated using CT, and the clinical and biochemical data as well as MELD scores were also collected, so as to analyze the relationship between L3-SMI and infections in ACLF patients and the impact on long-term prognosis. Results Of the 126 ACLF patients enrolled, 50 had infections. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, both L3-SMI [odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.81 – 0.97, P = 0.011] and hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 8.20, 95% CI = 1.70 – 39.59, P = 0.009) were independently associated with the risk of infection development. The overall survival (OS) estimates were obtained using Kaplan-Meier curves, and it was found that patients in the lowest tertile of L3-SMI had significantly lower 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates than those in the highest tertile (P = 0.014; log-rank test). Conclusion Low L3-SMI is an independent risk factor for the development of infections and significantly influences the long-term survival in ACLF patients.
Water Quality Assessment of Kampani River, Plateau State, Nigeria

The paper assessed the physico-chemical and heavy metal levels of surface water collected from Kampani River, Wase Local Government Area of Plateau State. The analysis was done using standard procedures. The mean annual concentrations of the metals studied ranged from 0.32- 0.45mg/l for Cr; 0.11- 0.27mg/l for Cu; 0.33 – 0.45mg/l for Co; 0.05 – 0.91mg/l for Cd; 14.96 – 20.68mg/l for Fe; 1.01 – 5.30mg/l for Mn; 0.09 – 0.22mg/l for Ni; 0.80 – 1.68mg/l for Pb and 1.15–1.63mg/l for Zn. The Physico-chemical analysis revealed the following range of values 7.45 – 7.49 for pH; 27.86 – 103 μs/cm for Electrical conductivity; 18.82 – 20.76 NTU for turbidity; Total hardness,109.51 – 291.68mg/l; Alkalinity, 0.08 – 28.33mg/l; Chloride, 11.32 – 43.43mg/l and TDS,74.21 – 152.59mg/l. Most of the metals analysed showed significantly higher concentrations which follow the order Fe>Zn>Mn>Cd>Pb>Co>Cr>Cu>Ni during the dry season and Fe> Mn> Pb >Zn>Cr>Co>Cu>Ni >Cd in the wet season. Comparing with WHO , NIS and SON standards guidelines, the results revealed that the consumption of water from River Kampani could be disastrous to human health.
Pencegahan Stroke pada Hipertensi Berdasarkan Mekanisme Patogenesis

Hipertensi merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian sebanyak 6,7% di seluruh dunia dan merupakan faktor risiko utama pada kejadian stroke di Indonesia (79%). Sekitar 60% penderita hipertensi berakhir pada stroke, baik stroke hemoragik ataupun iskemik. Sebanyak 40% kasus stroke dapat dicegah melalui manajemen tekanan darah (TD) yang baik, namun demikian diperlukan strategi lain untuk memaksimalkan penurunan angka kejadian stroke pada pasien hipertensi. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk menemukan celah strategi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk pencegahan stroke pada pasien hipertensi berdasarkan mekanisme yang terlibat pathogenesisnya. Kombinasi kata kunci digunakan untuk mencari literatur peer-review yang diterbitkan di PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar. Berbagai mekanisme terlibat dalam patogenesis stroke pada pasien hipertensi, antara lain peningkatan TD dan variabilitas tekanan darah (VTD), disfungsi baroreflex, stres oksidatif yang diinduksi Angiotensin II (Ang II), dan juga inflamasi yang melibatkan sistem imun bawaan. Strategi pencegahan stroke pada penderita hipertensi dapat dijelajahi melalui mekanisme yang terlibat tersebut, yaitu melalui manajemen tekanan darah, intervensi antioksidan dan anti-inflamasi spesifik, serta pemberian agen yang mampu memodulasi baroreflex. Pencegahan stroke pada hipertensi berdasarkan mekanisme patogenesisnya dapat menjadi celah untuk studi lebih lanjut dalam menekan angka kejadian stroke serta mencegah terjadinya stroke berulang.
A History of Archaeological Thought

A History of Archaeological Thought is an intermediate level course intended to introduce students to the development of archaeological theory from the early 19 th century realization that the remote past could be reconstructed solely on the basis of the archaeological record to later developments, such as attempts to identify ethnic/linguistic groups exclusively from material remains. It will trace the emergence of archaeology as a sub-field within anthropology and its continuing close interaction with broader developments in anthropological theory. The course contrasts perspectives that emphasize internal social evolution and adaptation to local environmental settings with post-modern responses that stress multiple perspectives on a contingent past. Students will be introduced to different theoretical approaches to interpreting the archaeological record, such as cultural ecology and neo-evolutionary processual archaeology, archaeologies of identity and place and landscape, Marxist historical materialism and world systems theory, and so-called symbolic/cognitive archaeology. This course reviews different theoretical approaches for explaining the past, emphasizing the positive interaction between accumulating archaeological discoveries and their interpretation and analysis. Social theories, originally formulated in sociology and social anthropology, are evaluated for their adequacy in understanding the material culture record of archaeology. The suitability of these theoretical approaches for interpreting the archaeological record will be critically examined.