Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physically active academic lessons : Effects on physical fitness and executive functions in primary school children

There is increasing evidence that physical activity can improve cognitive functions of primary school children, especially the executive functions (functions that are important for goal directed cognition and behavior). Physically active academic lessons, however, do not improve executive functions in primary school children. This is the conclusion of the thesis of UMCG-researcher Marck de Greeff. A two-year teaching method (called ‘Fit & Vaardig op school’) was developed to improve executive functions and school performance in socially disadvantaged children and children without a social disadvantage. With this teaching method almost 500 second and third grade children were physically active during regular language and math classes. For example, children had to jump eight times to solve the multiplication ‘4 times 2’ or had to perform a squat for every spelled letter in a word. In between the tasks, children were jogging or marching on the spot. In his thesis, de Greeff shows that socially disadvantaged children score lower on math, spelling and reading compared to children without a social disadvantage. In addition, socially disadvantaged children score lower on one of the domains of executive functions (cognitive flexibility), but they do not score lower on physical fitness. Remarkably, the physically active academic lessons had little effect on physical fitness and executive functions. De Greeff concludes that perhaps the intensity of the lessons was too low. Moreover cognitive challenging physical activity may result in larger effects on executive functions, compared to physical activity that focuses on improving physical fitness.
CHANGES IN CONCENTRATION OF MACROELEMENTS IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS BEFORE AND AFTER THE PREPARATORY PERIOD

Zbigniew Wochyñski, Witold Paczosa, Jacek Majda, Filip Majda, Krzysztof A. Sobiech 1 Wy¿sza Szko3a Oficerska Si3 Powietrznych, Dêblin 2 Wojewódzka Stacja Sanitarno-Epidemiologiczna, Wroc3aw 3 IV Wojskowy Szpital Kliniczny, Wroc3aw 4 Studenckie Ko3o Naukowe Fizjologii Eksperymentalnej Akademii Medycznej, Wroc3aw 5 Katedra Kinezjologii Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego, Wroc3aw 1 Air Force Cadet Officer School, Dêblin 2 Provincial Sanitaryand Epidemiological Station, Wroc3aw 3 IVMilitary Clinical Hospital, Wroc3aw 4 Students Club of Experimantal Physiology, University School of pHysical Education, Wroc3aw 5 Chair of Kinesiology, University School of Physical Education, Wroc3aw
Resveratrol and Quercetin Administration Improves Antioxidant DEFENSES and reduces Fatty Liver in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

Mixtures of resveratrol (RSV) + quercetin (QRC) have antioxidant properties that probably impact on fatty liver in metabolic syndrome (MS) individuals. Here, we study the effects of a mixture of RSV + QRC on oxidative stress (OS) and fatty liver in a rat model of MS. Weanling male Wistar rats were separated into four groups (n = 8): MS rats with 30% sucrose in drinking water plus RSV + QRC (50 and 0.95 mg/kg/day, respectively), MS rats without treatment, control rats (C), and C rats plus RSV + QRC. MS rats had increased systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin levels, insulin resistance index homeostasis model (HOMA), adiponectin, and leptin. The RSV + QRC mixture compensated these variables to C values (p < 0.01) in MS rats. Lipid peroxidation and carbonylation were increased in MS. Total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) were decreased in MS and compensated in MS plus RVS + QRC rats. Catalase, superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and the expression of Nrf2 were decreased in MS and reversed in MS plus RVS + QRC rats (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the mixture of RSV + QRC has benefic effects on OS in fatty liver in the MS rats through the improvement of the antioxidant capacity and by the over-expression of the master factor Nrf2, which increases the antioxidant enzymes and GSH recycling.
A Survey of the Mixed Use of He/She for Chinese Freshmen in English Majors

The mixed use of he/she in oral English is a hot topic in the field of second language acquisition in the past decades and the related study is numerous. However, there are few studies on the misuse of the two pronouns in oral English for English majors in Chinese universities. This study aims to explore the current situation and characteristics of he/she misuse in oral English of Chinese freshmen majoring in English and analyze the factors that cause the misuse, so as to arouse the learners’ awareness of the error. This study focuses on two research questions: (1) What are the characteristics of he/she misuse in spoken English of Chinese freshmen majoring in English? (2) What are the reasons for the misuse? Based on the selected spoken language materials, this study explores the mixing types and error rate of he/she and analyzes the characteristics of the misuse through data. Through the questionnaire, this thesis study investigates the causes of the misuse. It is found that the mixed use of pronoun he/she is serious in the spoken language of English major freshmen, especially the misuse of “she” into “he”. The factors that cause the misuse are complex, involving mother tongue, attention distribution and working memory, pronunciation relationship, transfer of training, and social environment and personal factors, among which the analysis from articulatory phonetics deserves more attention.
TRANSLOCATION OF SIGNALING PROTEINS IS AN ELEMENT OF THE DELAYED POSTISCHEMIC NEURONAL CELL DEATH

Streszczenie: Od wielu lat prowadzone s1 intensywne badania maj1ce na celu wyjanienie mechanizmów mierci neuronów w wyniku krótkotrwa3ego przerwania dop3ywu krwi do mózgu. Obecnie wydaje siê, ¿e istotnym elementem przekazywania sygna3u ischemicznego jest przemieszczanie siê pomiêdzy przedzia3ami komórkowymi wielu bia3ek, które w zale¿noci od lokalizacji i wspó3partnerów mog1 pe3niæ ro¿ne funkcje. Przejciowe niedokrwienie mózgu powoduje bardzo szybk1 translokacjê wielu kinaz bialkowych (PKC, CamKII) do zagêszczeñ postsynaptycznych, gdzie wydaj1 siê oddzia3ywaæ na rozprzestrzenianie siê sygna3u ischemicznego. W d3u¿szym czasie po niedokrwieniu we frakcji mitochondriów zwiêksza siê iloæ kinazy JNK i proapoptotycznego bia3ka Bad, a zmniejsza siê iloæ kinazy Raf-1. Równie¿ lokalizacja cytochromu c ulega dynamicznym zmianom w wyniku ischemii. Obok swojego tradycyjnego miejsca w mitochondriach, wystêpuje on w poischemicznej cytoplazmie, gdzie mo¿e aktywowaæ kompleks apoptosomu i kaskadê kaspaz. Coraz liczniejsze dane wskazuj1, ¿e przejciowa ischemia mózgu inicjuje w niedokrwionych komórkach szybkie zmiany w wewn1trzkomórkowej lokalizacji, a tym samym funkcji wielu bia3ek sygna3owych.
Sound velocities of five minerals to mantle pressures determined by the sideband fluorescence method

Sound velocities determined from acoustic modes measured in the chromium sideband fluorescence of MgO to 37 GPa, MgAl204 to 11 GPa, Alz03 to 62 GPa, YAG to 58 GPa, and pyrope to 52 GPa are presented. The pressure derivatives of the bulk and shear moduli obtained from our velocity measurements are in excellent agreement with those obtained from lower pressure ultrasonic measurements. Both shear and compressional velocities are linear with volume for all materials unless a phase change or change in compressional mechanism occurred. Such changes were observed for MgAlz04 and pyrope at 11 and 28 GPa, respectively. The velocity-volume slope is different for all materials but is smaller for minerals containing significant proportions of alumina, particularly for the shear velocity. A linear velocity-volume relationship means that the elastic or anharmonic contribution to the geophysically important parameter (a In pia In v)p, where p is the density and v is a sound velocity, must increase with depth.
TO LIQUID ABSORPTION AND LIQUID – PAPER INTERACTION

We present a method which provides detailed insights to the dynamics of the water absorption process and waterpaper interaction, based on transmittance measurements of ultrasonic beams. We found that the water absorption process of an uncoated papersheet comprises two consecutive time regimes. The underlying mechanism that governs the regimes’ shift is the combination of bre surface modi cation by water and the recreation of the bres lumen after wetting. In the rst regime, water advances along the dry pore surface, which is hydro neutral, and the water forms a solid column inside the capillary (pore), while in the second regime, moving along the primed (wetted) surface of the capillary is a more favourable path as the surface becomes hydrophilic when wetted. Consequently, the water may not necessarily ll the entire capillary when the capillary expands in volume due to hydroexpansion and hence forms a hollow water column. We propose a model that enables us to determine/predict the depth of water absorption by the dry pore structure of the paperwhich is often the case for inkpaper interaction during printing. The results of our studies suggest that the depth of water penetration along the dry pore surfaces can very well be described by the Bosanquet model. 25770.indb 585 15/08/2013 12:41 Preferred citation: L. Yang, J. Liu and L. Gu. Detailed insights to liquid absorption and liquid-paper interaction. In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Cambridge 2013, Trans. of the XVth Fund. Res. Symp. Cambridge, 2013, (S.J. I’Anson, ed.), pp 585–598, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.2013. 2.585. Li Yang, Jianghao Liu, and Lingya Gu 586 Session 5: Micro uidics
Correlation of hole mobility, exciton diffusion length, and solar cell characteristics in phthalocyanine/fullerene organic solar cells

The authors investigated heterojunction organic solar cells composed of different metal phthalocyanines (MPcs, M=Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and H2)/fullerene (C60) and compared the solar cell characteristics with the field-effect hole mobilities (μh) and exciton diffusion length (Lex) of the different MPcs. They observed that the short circuit current (JSC) is linearly dependent on the μh of the MPcs, except for ZnPc. They also estimated the Lex of the MPcs by creating a line of best fit using the action spectra of the external quantum efficiency in the solar cells and found that JSC is closely correlated with the Lex of the MPcs.
Numerical simulation of a supersonic convergent divergent nozzle with divergent angle variation for underexpanded condition

Flow through a two-dimensional supersonic ConvergentDivergent nozzle with a rectangular cross section is invest igated. The numerical simulation is modeled for three geometry shapes, NAR (Nozzle Area Ratio A e/At ) 1.5, 1.14 and 1.21 adding an angle variation to the divergent section for NAR 1. 14 and 1.21. Computation is carried out for low NPRs (Nozzle Pressure Ratio) between 1.27 and 2.4 and high NPRs between 4.4 and 12. Ambient pressure and temperature of 4375Pa (0.04317atm) an d 228K is simulated under 18-20km altitude conditions to obse rve the shock formations within the jet plume region. The comput ation is solved with Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes Equatio ns inbuilt to ANSYS-CFX solver with the SST Turbulence model. Axisymmetric two dimensional nozzle, NAR 1.5 is compared with asymmetric models of NAR 1.14 and 1.21 under high NPRs. The nozzle NAR is varied to investigate the flow direction and speed of the gas, for nozzle underexpanded conditio . Numerical computation is mainly focused on nozzles operati ng at high NPR to investigate the formation of the jet plume shoc ks and direction of the expanding gas. Nozzle with NAR 1.21 the path of the exhaust gas flow has diverted significantly compar ed to NAR 1.14.
THz photoconductivity in light-emitting surface-oxidized Si nanocrystals: the role of large particles

We propose an analytical description of the role of local depolarization fields in the terahertz conductivity of nanostructured samples and demonstrate this approach in a sample composed of silicon nanocrystals. This helps to uncover the nature of charge carrier transport at nanoscale. Time-resolved terahertz conductivity is investigated in an ensemble of silicon nanocrystals fabricated by electrochemical etching of silicon wafer followed by an H2O2 oxidizing treatment. The post-etching treatment leads to a decrease in the average nanocrystalline Si core size which enhances luminescence in the visible range. We show that the dominating microscopic photoconductive response of photocarriers is essentially Drude-like owing to the presence of a very small amount of large nanocrystals; the macroscopic character of the response is, however, deeply modified by the depolarization fields. Smaller nanocrystals appreciably contribute to the terahertz conductivity only at high photoexcitation densities where the screening due to depolarization fields suppresses the response of the large particles.
Chemical defense strategies in sponges : a review

Sponges, as well as other sessile marine invertebrates, share numerous ecological features with plants and have evolved similar strategies to defend themselves against threats from their biotic environment. Chemical defense plays a preeminent role in this context. General concepts from plant chemical ecology applied to sponges have revealed interesting parallels in regard to resource investment, defense compound allocation, and synergism between chemical and structural defenses. However, these concepts often cannot be generalized in sponges since also numerous contradictory examples exist. Sponges frequently use their compounds as “multi-purpose tools”, with concurrent activity against various threats (e.g., predation, pathogens, and biofouling). Apparently, a latitudinal gradient in chemical deterrence, as it was previously shown for marine algae, is lacking in sponges. Recently, facultative defenses (i.e., activated and inducible defenses; immune reactions) have received increased attention in sponge chemical ecology. Although there are examples that clearly demonstrate that these strategies exist in sponges, their number is still very low. One focus of this review is laid on the discussion of the various difficulties inherent to experiments in regards to facultative defenses in sponges that may explain why, as yet, only few studies have found compelling evidence for their existence.
INTERSECTION TYPE SYSTEM AND LAMBDA CALCULUS WITH DIRECTOR STRINGS

The operation of substitution in 𝜆-calculus is treated as an atomic operation. It makes that substitution operation is complex to be analyzed. To overcome this drawback, explicit substitution systems are proposed. They bridge the gap between the theory of the 𝜆-calculus and its implementation in programming languages and proof assistants. 𝜆𝑜-calculus is a name-free explicit substitution. Intersection type systems for various explicit substitution calculi, not including λo-calculus, have been studied by researchers. In this paper, we put our attention to 𝜆𝑜-calculus. We present an intersection type system for 𝜆𝑜-calculus and show it satisfies the subject reduction property.
Enhanced Expression of EHMT 2 Is Involved in the Proliferation of Cancer Cells through Negative Regulation of SIAH 11 , 2

EHMT2 is a histone lysine methyltransferase localized in euchromatin regions and acting as a corepressor for specific transcription factors. Although the role of EHMT2 in transcriptional regulation has been well documented, the pathologic consequences of its dysfunction in human disease have not been well understood. Here, we describe important roles of EHMT2 in human carcinogenesis. Expression levels of EHMT2 are significantly elevated in human bladder carcinomas compared with nonneoplastic bladder tissues (P< .0001) in real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Complementary DNA microarray analysis also revealed its overexpression in various types of cancer. The reduction of EHMT2 expression by small interfering RNAs resulted in the suppression of the growth of cancer cells and possibly caused apoptotic cell death in cancer cells. Importantly, we show that EHMT2 can suppress transcription of the SIAH1 gene by binding to its promoter region (−293 to +51) and by methylating lysine 9 of histone H3. Furthermore, an EHMT2-specific inhibitor, BIX-01294, significantly suppressed the growth of cancer cells. Our results suggest that dysregulation of EHMT2 plays an important role in the growth regulation of cancer cells, and further functional studies may affirm the importance of EHMT2 as a promising therapeutic target for various types of cancer. Neoplasia (2011) 13, 676–684 Introduction Histone methylation plays dynamic and crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure. Precise coordination and organization of open and closed chromatin regions control normal cellular processes such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. Histone lysine methylation is considered to regulate the transcription positively or negatively depending on the methylation sites and the methylation status [1]. For instance, methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) has served as the prototype for studying the regulation of histone function by lysine methylation. Dimethylation or trimethylation of H3K9 creates a binding site for chromodomain-containing proteins of the Address all correspondence to: Ryuji Hamamoto, PhD, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. E-mail: ryuji@ims.u-tokyo.ac. jp Our biorepository is supported by funding from the National Institute for Health Research and the Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) (22681030) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This article refers to supplementary materials, which are designated by Tables W1 to W5 and Figures W1 to W3 and are available online at www.neoplasia. com. Received 9 April 2011; Revised 29 May 2011; Accepted 31 May 2011 Copyright © 2011 Neoplasia Press, Inc. All rights reserved 1522-8002/11/$25.00 DOI 10.1593/neo.11512 www.neoplasia. com Volume 13 Number 8 August 2011 pp. 676–684 676
Years of DDoS : a Call to Action Eric Osterweil

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) aacks are now 20 years old; what has changed in that time? eir disruptive presence, their volume, distribution across the globe, and the relative ease of launching them have all been trending in favor of aackers. Our increases in network capacity and our architectural design principles are making our online world richer, but are favoring aackers at least as much as Internet services. e DDoS mitigation techniques have been evolving but they are losing ground to the increasing sophistication and diversification of the aacks that have moved from the network to the application level, and we are operationally falling behind aackers. It is time to ask fundamental questions: are there core design issues in our network architecture that fundamentally enable DDoS aacks? How can our network infrastructure be enhanced to address the principles that enable the DDoS problem? How can we incentivize the development and deployment of the necessary changes? In this article, we want to sound an alarm and issue a call to action to the research community. We propose that basic research and principled analyses are badly needed, because the status quo does not paint a prey picture for the future.
WHO FOOD ADDITIVES SERIES : 59 Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants

Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants / prepared by the Seventy-seventh meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. This publication contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the policies of the World Health Organization.
An annotated dataset of literary entities

We present a new dataset comprised of 210,532 tokens evenly drawn from 100 different English-language literary texts annotated for ACE entity categories (person, location, geo-political entity, facility, organization, and vehicle). These categories include non-named entities (such as “the boy”, “the kitchen”) and nested structure (such as [[the cook]’s sister]). In contrast to existing datasets built primarily on news (focused on geo-political entities and organizations), literary texts offer strikingly different distributions of entity categories, with much stronger emphasis on people and description of settings. We present empirical results demonstrating the performance of nested entity recognition models in this domain; training natively on in-domain literary data yields an improvement of over 20 absolute points in F-score (from 45.7 to 68.3), and mitigates a disparate impact in performance for male and female entities present in models trained on news data.
Small Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine

The present document reflects the work developed in the S-SHE project, at Omnidea Lda. It was intended to design, build and test a small liquid rocket engine. The prototype should be able to produce 25N of thrust. This project aims to study the stability of the liquid engine with regenerative cooling and external pressurization, and the feasibility of the self-pressurized system. Therefore, the system should be flexible enough to allow two operation modes: external and auto pressurization. It is intended to have a low cost test stand and as simple as possible. Further objectives of this project are having a repeatable ignition, injection in gaseous phase and building a simple injector.
Comparison of MOCVD and MBE Regrowth for CAVET Fabrication

In this paper, we demonstrate the fabrication of current aperture vertical electron transistors (CAVET) realized with two different epitaxial growth methods. Templates with a p-GaN current blocking layer (CBL) were deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Channel and barrier layers were then regrown by either molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or MOCVD. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and atomic force microscope (AFM) height profiles are used to identify the different regrowth mechanisms. We show that an AlN interlayer below the channel layer was able to reduce Mg diffusion during the high temperature MOCVD regrowth process. For the low-temperature MBE regrowth, Mg diffusion was successfully suppressed. CAVET were realized on the various samples. The devices suffer from high leakage currents, thus further regrowth optimization is needed.