Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterococcus faecalis, a nightmare to endodontist: A systematic review

The main goal in endodontics is the prevention and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp and periapical tissues and it can be best achieved if preventive measures and treatment procedures are based on a thorough and detailed understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of endodontic diseases. There are some cases in which the treatment has followed the highest technical standards and yet failure results. Scientific evidence indicates microbial factors which play an important role. In most cases, failure of endodontic treatment is a result of microorganisms persisting in the apical portion of the root canal system, even in well-treated teeth. Enterococcus faecalis is recognized as a pathogen in post-treatment endodontic infections and probably the species that can best adapt to and tolerate the ecologically demanding conditions in the filled root canal. Enterococci are also implicated in infections of the root canal system, however, they make up a small proportion of the initial flora which is dominated by Gram negative species. In contrast, it has been reported that enterococci are frequently isolated from obturated root canals of teeth that exhibit chronic periapical pathology. Eradication of E. faecalis from the root canal remains a challenge, while chlorhexidine and combinations of disinfectants show some promise. A better understanding of the role of the virulence factors of E. faecalis in endodontic infections may help in the development of new strategies to prevent or eliminate the infection by this species, thereby improving treatment results in endodontics. Key words: Enterococcus faecalis, endodontics, periapical tissues, canal, infection.
Longitudinal study of Amphibiocystidium sp. infection in a natural population of the Italian stream frog (Rana italica)

Abstract Mesomycetozoean-induced infections (order Dermocystida, genus Amphibiocystidium) in European and North American amphibians are causing alarm. To date, the pathogenicity of these parasites in field conditions has been poorly studied, and demographic consequences on amphibian populations have not been explored. In this study, an Amphibiocystidium sp. infection is reported in a natural population of the Italian stream frog (Rana italica) of Central Italy, over a 7-year period from 2008 to 2014. Light and electron microscope examinations, as well as partial 18S rDNA sequence analysis were used to characterize the parasite. Moreover, a capture-mark-recapture study was conducted to assess the frog demographics in response to infection. Negative effects of amphibiocystidiosis on individual survival and population fitness were absent throughout the sampling period, despite the high estimates of disease prevalence. This might have been due to resistance and/or tolerance strategies developed by the frogs in response to the persistence of Amphibiocystidium infection in this system. We hypothesized that in the examined R. italica population, amphibiocystidiosis is an ongoing endemic/epidemic infection. However, ecological and host-specific factors, interacting in a synergistic fashion, might be responsible for variations in the susceptibility to Amphibiocystidium infection of both conspecific populations and heterospecific individuals of R. italica.
Midsummer spatial variation in methane efflux from stands of littoral vegetation in a boreal meso-eutrophic lake

Summary 1. Spatial variation of methane (CH4) efflux from the littoral zone of a meso-eutrophic boreal lake was studied with a closed-chamber technique for three summer days in 22 vegetation stands, consisting of three emergent and three floating-leaved species. 2. Between-species differences in CH4 emission were significant. The highest emissions were measured from the emergent Phragmites australis stands (0.5–1.7 mmol m−2 h−1), followed by Schoenoplectus lacustris > Equisetum fluviatile > Nuphar lutea > Sparganium gramineum > Potamogeton natans. Within-species differences between stands were not significant. 3. In P. australis stands, the stand-specific mean CH4 emission was significantly correlated with solar radiation, probably indicating the role of effective pressurised ventilation on CH4 fluxes. The proportion of net primary production emitted as CH4 was significantly higher in P. australis stands (7.4%) than in stands of S. lacustris and E. fluviatile (both 0.5%). 4. In N. lutea stands, CH4 efflux was negatively correlated with the mean fetch and positively with the percentage cover of leaves on the water surface. There were no differences in CH4 efflux between intact N. lutea leaves and those grazed by coleopteran Galerucella nymphaeae. In S. graminaeum and P. natans stands, CH4 effluxes were not related to any of the measured environmental variables. 5. For all vegetation stands, the biomass above water level explained about 60% of the observed spatial variation in CH4 emission, indicating the important role of plants as gas conduits and producers of substrates for methanogens in the anoxic sediment.
Vulnerability in Android Development

IT industry is focusing on malware and antivirus, we eliminated that risk using the security we had already. Most of the malware is removed. Main risk today, is leaky applications and vulnerable devices. Almost half of Android applications have at least one high security risk or privacy flaw. This happened as android made development easy for everyone, not just for developers, with the help of libraries and tools. Naive developers are using built in methods like loadUrl and WebView, without knowing their proper usage, making applications vulnerable to security risks. Resulting in millions of free applications being released on the Android market with serious flaws. Also, android support the development of third-party applications. These applications can use the phone’s built in applications and provide a more personalised experience. Developers have the freedom to combine applications with web and use data on the android devices. These flexibilities have provided open platform for hackers to take advantage of the threats created. Security has become a major concern. In this paper, vulnerabilities in web applications are discovered using analysis tools and ways to mitigate these vulnerabilities are discussed.
Cortical Spikes use Analog Sparse Coding

Quantifying the message communicated by neurons in the cortex by averaging action potentials over repeated trials of a given stimulus can reveal neuronal tuning features. For example, simple cells in the visual cortex have been characterized by reverse correlation based on the detailed structure of their oriented receptive fields. This structure, in turn, has been modeled using large libraries of such receptive fields to allow the simultaneous coding of visual stimuli with small numbers of appropriate combinations of cells selected from the library. This strategy, known as sparse coding, has been shown to produce excellent approximations for natural visual inputs. In concert with this mathematical development has been the discovery of cells’ use of oscillations in the gamma frequency range for general coding tasks, such as a mechanism for synchronizing distal networks of neurons. More recently, spikes timed with oscillations have been shown to exhibit local phase delays within a single gamma cycle, but such delays have resisted a behavioral functional interpretation. We show here that a specific coordinate system for the gamma cycle allows resultant phase delays to be interpreted quantitatively in classical terms. Specifically, extracted phase delays from mice viewing oriented sinusoidal grating images are shown to have the same distributions as those from a computer sparse coding model using natural images, suggesting for the first time a direct link between experimentally measured phase delays and model receptive fields. Significance Statement Networks of pyramidal cells in the cortex exhibit action potentials (spikes) that are characterized by randomness and low firing rates. Spike averaging methods have been ordinarily useful in dealing with these features to reveal behavioral task structure, but the randomness and slowness so far prevented the specification of a satisfactory generative spike model. We show that a spike can be analyzed using the context of a specific phase of the gamma component of its membrane potential. The result is each spike can be can be assigned a scalar, which makes it immediately useful for network models.
Machine Learning Assisted Phase-less Millimeter-Wave Beam Alignment in Multipath Channels

Communication systems at millimeter-wave (mmW) and sub-terahertz frequencies are of increasing interest for future high-data rate networks. One critical challenge faced by phased array systems at these high frequencies is the efficiency of the initial beam alignment, typically using only phase-less power measurements due to high frequency oscillator phase noise. Traditional methods for beam alignment require exhaustive sweeps of all possible beam directions, thus scale communications overhead linearly with antenna array size. For better scaling with the large arrays required at high mmW bands, compressive sensing methods have been proposed as their overhead scales logarithmically with the array size. However, algorithms utilizing machine learning have shown more efficient and more accurate alignment when using real hardware due to array impairments. Additionally, few existing phase-less beam alignment algorithms have been tested over varied secondary path strength in multipath channels. In this work, we introduce a novel, machine learning based algorithm for beam alignment in multipath environments using only phase-less received power measurements. We consider the impacts of phased array sounding beam design and machine learning architectures on beam alignment performance and validate our findings experimentally using 60 GHz radios with 36-element phased arrays. Using experimental data in multipath channels, our proposed algorithm demonstrates an 88% reduction in beam alignment overhead compared to an exhaustive search and at least a 62% reduction in overhead compared to existing compressive methods.
A Proposed Easy-to-Use Classification of Mandibular Fractures

Back ground: There are many classifications for mandibular fractures but all are not without complexity, making it difficult to use in emergency departments. A radiologist, maxillofacial surgeons and other clinicians feel problems in classifying these fractures. Researchers proposed many classifications to facilitate clinicians in describing these fractures. All these efforts remained an successful as no such classification has been put forward. A comprehensive and easy to use classification is being proposed in this article. Objectives: 1. To analyze mandibular fractures on clinical and radiological bases. 2. To classify mandibular fractures on the basis of this analysis. Material & Methods : In this study we evaluated 2767 fracture lines in 1745 patients. The location and the number of fracture lines were analyzed. Results : The patterns of multiple mandibular fractures show the fracture of the body of the mandible on both side (b-b) occurred in 421 (24.1%) patients while fracture of the body of the mandible with condylar process fracture (b-c) occurred in 456 (26.1%) cases and numerous fractures hit 72 (4.1%) cases. Fractures of the body of the mandible with condylar process fractures on both sides (b-c-c) have occurred in 8 (0.5%) cases, while fractures of both side of the body of mandible with the condylar process (b-b-c) occurred in 5 (0.3%) cases. Conclusion : Easy-to-use classification of mandibular fractures have been proposed on the basis of finding of this study. Clinical relevance : FLIDOT is an easy word to remember and describing a mandibular fracture very conveniently as F stands for fracture type, L for fracture site, I for presence of infection, D for fracture dislocation, O for occlusal disturbances and T for presence of tooth in fracture line.
The Secd Microprocessor: A Verification Case Study

Foreword. Preface. 1. Formal Methods and Verification. 2. LispKit and the SECD Architecture. 3. SECD Architecture: Silicon Synthesis. 4. Formal Specification of the SECD Design. 5. Verification of the SECD Design. 6. Denouement. Bibliography. Index.
The vertical structure of gaseous galaxy discs in cold dark matter haloes

We study the vertical structure of polytropic centrifugally supported gaseous discs embedded in cold dark matter (CDM) haloes. At fixed radius, R, the shape of the vertical density profile depends weakly on whether the disc is self-gravitating (SG) or non-self-gravitating (NSG). The disc ‘characteristic’ thickness, zH, set by the midplane sound speed and circular velocity, zNSG = (cs/Vc)R, in the NSG case, and by the sound speed and surface density, zSG=c2s/GΣ zSG=cs2/GΣ , in SG discs, is smaller than zSG and zNSG. SG discs are typically Toomre unstable, NSG discs are stable. Exponential discs in CDM haloes with roughly flat circular velocity curves ‘flare’ outwards. Flares in mono abundance or coeval populations in galaxies like the Milky Way are thus not necessarily due to radial migration. For the polytropic equation of state of the Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments (EAGLE) simulations, discs that match observational constraints are NSG for Md < 3 × 109 M⊙ and SG at higher masses, if fully gaseous. We test these analytic results using a set of idealized smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations and find excellent agreement. Our results clarify the role of the gravitational softening on the thickness of simulated discs, and on the onset of radial instabilities. EAGLE low-mass discs are NSG so the softening plays no role in their vertical structure. High-mass discs are expected to be SG and unstable, and may be artificially thickened and stabilized unless gravity is well resolved. Simulations with spatial resolution high enough to not compromise the vertical structure of a disc also resolve the onset of their instabilities, but the converse is not true.
Convergence of quantum cohomology by quantum Lefschetz

Abstract Quantum Lefschetz theorem by Coates and Givental [T. Coates, A. B. Givental, Quantum Riemann-Roch, Lefschetz and Serre, math.AG/0110142. ] gives a relationship between the genus 0 Gromov-Witten theory of X and the twisted theory by a line bundle ℒ on X. We prove the convergence of the twisted theory under the assumption that the genus 0 theory for original X converges. As a byproduct, we prove the semisimplicity and the Virasoro conjecture for the Gromov-Witten theories of (not necessarily Fano) projective toric manifolds.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS RISK ASSESSMENT AND OLDER WOMEN: DO PHYSICIANS RECOGNIZE THE IMPORTANCE OF TAKING SEXUAL HISTORIES?

dence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures is lower in men, but the mortality and morbidity associated with osteoporotic fractures are much greater in men than women. The International Society for Clinical Densitometry recommended using t-score for diagnosis. Treatment of osteoporosis is recommended in men aged 65 and older with low bone mass (t-score o 2.5), in men aged 50 to 65 with low bone mass and one risk factor for osteoporosis or fracture, and in men younger than 50 with a t-score less than 2 with one risk factor for osteoporosis or fracture. BMD may return to normal with a gluten-free diet and medical management, but because of other factors such as muscle weakness, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the risk of fracture persists in patients with CD. Although osteoporosis and fractures are well defined as a complication of CD in women, there are limited studies about fracture risk of men with CD. A study showed that forearm and wrist fractures were more likely in CD, but it was not statistically significant. Gastrointestinal symptoms have become a less-common presentation of CD cases. Many patients, especially elderly patients, present with minimal symptoms or complication of CD. Although it is rare, CD may present with osteoporosis and related fractures in elderly men. Because of high mortality and morbidity of osteoporosis-related fractures in men, clinicians should consider CD in unexplained osteoporosis and spontaneous fracture.
High Fidelity Face-Swapping With Style ConvTransformer and Latent Space Selection

Face-swapping technology has been widely used in people's life, and people also put forward higher requirements for it. Most of the current face-swapping methods are difficult to generate a high-definition face image. Through StyleGAN, we can generate high-definition face images. However, face-swapping with StyleGAN is still challenging. Firstly, we need to map the target image to the latent space of StyleGAN. Many tasks need to map the input image to a new latent space for face-swapping, because identity features are complex and challenging to map to specific latent space layers directly. So face-swapping is completed in the remapping process, which consumes excess computing resources for reconstruction. And the generated image is difficult to maintain the original image color, face attributes, background and other attributes. We propose a new method, which only edits the code of w+ latent space of StyleGAN to complete the face-swapping and generate high-definition face images. We propose the GAN inversion method to improve the effect of face swapping, which combines convolution networks' advantages in extracting texture features and the benefits of transformers in extracting structure features. In the latent space of StyleGAN, the low-level feature layer is dominated by structure information, and the high-level feature layer is overwhelmed by texture information. Furthermore, we propose latent space selection, through which the neural network can learn disentangled representations of identity information in the latent space. Finally, we improved the post-processing process of face swapping to keep the image's background. Our method can complete face-swapping by editing the w+ space. Thus, high-quality face image can be generated and a lot of computing resource is saved on image reconstruction. At the same time, our method can keep other attributes better in the face-swapping process.
Cell geometry dictates TNFα-induced genome response

Significance Cells experience distinct forces within the tissue microenvironment, and their geometry-dependent differential responses to various cytokines are important in the maintenance of their cellular homeostasis. Using micropatterned substrates to alter cell geometry, we show that TNFα stimulation results in differential nuclear localization of the downstream transcription factors and modular changes in gene-expression patterns. Our results highlight the importance of the intrinsic geometric properties of a cell in determining its response to a biochemical signal. Alterations to this cellular homeostasis may result in physiological abnormalities at single-cell level, leading to diseases like fibrosis and cancer. Cells in physiology integrate local soluble and mechanical signals to regulate genomic programs. Whereas the individual roles of these signals are well studied, the cellular responses to the combined chemical and physical signals are less explored. Here, we investigated the cross-talk between cellular geometry and TNFα signaling. We stabilized NIH 3T3 fibroblasts into rectangular anisotropic or circular isotropic geometries and stimulated them with TNFα and analyzed nuclear translocation of transcription regulators –NFκB (p65) and MKL and downstream gene-expression patterns. We found that TNFα induces geometry-dependent actin depolymerization, which enhances IκB degradation, p65 nuclear translocation, nuclear exit of MKL, and sequestration of p65 at the RNA-polymerase-II foci. Further, global transcription profile of cells under matrix-TNFα interplay reveals a geometry-dependent gene-expression pattern. At a functional level, we find cell geometry affects TNFα-induced cell proliferation. Our results provide compelling evidence that fibroblasts, depending on their geometries, elicit distinct cellular responses for the same cytokine.
Photograph type and content influences memory retrieval models that are too broad, too tight, or just right

Research to date suggests that non-event-specific photo/narrative pairings produce higher false memory rates than do event-specific photos. The former differ from the latter in that the former provide relevant imagery but omit the specific event to be recalled, thereby promoting novel imaginings and increasing the likelihood of false memories. Two studies sought to determine which type of photograph constitutes a superior retrieval cue. The first study explored the role of how the photograph was framed upon presentation. Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to conditions as follows: 1) narrative alone, 2) narrative plus photograph introduced as having been taken during the event, and 3) narrative plus photograph introduced as having been taking during the time period that the event took place. Participants were asked to provide as much descriptive detail about their memories for four events allegedly provided by their parents, one of which included a childhood hot-air balloon ride with a parent. They rated their memory (and quality thereof) for each event. Additionally, participants’ responses were rated as to the extent to which they constituted visual images or memories. The findings suggest that retrieval cues that favour the generation of a broader memory search model do play an important role in remembering. Both subjective and objective data demonstrated that the wider frame of reference of the “from that time period” condition led to higher false memory formation compared to the narrower frame of reference of the “during the event” condition. Overall, a photograph does not have to depict an event, nor even be viewed as being representative of the event, in order to exert a powerful influence on false memory formation. The second study examined the role of photograph content on false memory formation. Thirty-three participants were randomized to conditions as follows: 1) event-absent photograph, 2) non-