Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Properties and Functions of Glial Cell Types of the Hypothalamic Median Eminence

The median eminence (ME) is part of the neuroendocrine system (NES) that functions as a crucial interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The ME contains many non-neuronal cell types, including oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), tanycytes, astrocytes, pericytes, microglia and other immune cells, which may be involved in the regulation of NES function. For example, in mice, ablation of tanycytes (a special class of ependymal glia with stem cell-like functions) results in weight gain, feeding, insulin insensitivity and increased visceral adipose, consistent with the demonstrated ability of these cells to sense and transport both glucose and leptin, and to differentiate into neurons that control feeding and metabolism in the hypothalamus. To give a further example, OPCs in the ME of mice have been shown to rapidly respond to dietary signals, in turn controlling composition of the extracellular matrix in the ME, derived from oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, which may contribute to the previously described role of these cells in actively maintaining leptin-receptor-expressing dendrites in the ME. In this review, we explore and discuss recent advances such as these, that have developed our understanding of how the various cell types of the ME contribute to its function in the NES as the interface between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. We also highlight avenues of future research which promise to uncover additional functions of the ME and the glia, stem and progenitor cells it contains.
Forced magnetic reconnection and plasmoid coalescence I. Magnetohydrodynamic simulations

Context . Forced magnetic reconnection, a reconnection event triggered by external perturbation, should be ubiquitous in the solar corona. Energy released during such cases can be much greater than that which was introduced by the perturbation. The exact dynamics of magnetic reconnection events are determined by the structure and complexity of the reconnection region: the thickness of reconnecting layers, the ﬁeld curvature; the presence, shapes and sizes of magnetic islands. It is unclear how the properties of the external perturbation and the initial current sheet a ﬀ ect the reconnection region properties, and thereby the reconnection dynamics and energy release proﬁle. Aims . We investigate the e ﬀ ect of the form of the external perturbation and initial current sheet on the evolution of the reconnection region and the energy release process. Chieﬂy we explore the non-linear interactions between multiple, simultaneous perturbations, which represent more realistic scenarios. Future work will use these results in test particle simulations to investigate particle acceleration over multiple reconnection events. Methods . Simulations are performed using Lare2d, a 2.5D Lagrangian-remap solver for the visco-resistive MHD equations. The model of forced reconnection is extended to include superpositions of sinusoidal driving disturbances, including localised Gaussian perturbations. A transient perturbation is applied to the boundaries of a region containing a force-free current sheet. The simulation domain is su ﬃ ciently wide to allow multiple magnetic islands to form and coalesce. Results . Island coalescence contributes signiﬁcantly to energy release and involves rapid reconnection. Long wavelength modes in perturbations dominate the evolution, without the presence of which reconnection is either slow, as in the case of short wavelength modes, or the initial current sheet remains stable, as in the case of noise perturbations. Multiple perturbations combine in a highly non-linear manner: reconnection is typically faster than when either disturbance is applied individually, with multiple low-energy events contributing to the same total energy release.
The evolution of local control in American public schools The evolution of local control in American public schools

Abstract Boards of education are agents of the state, acting as policy making bodies for public school districts in the United States. 1 They are chosen traditionally and legally in local settings across America to perform two general control obligatory functions. Campbell, Cunningham, Nystrand, and Usdan (1980: 186) state, "First they are the official link with the public. Boards are to apprehend, understand, and reflect the public will in what they do. Second, boards have internal management responsibilities which are crucial to the enterprise's operation. "
Spontaneous Cystogastrostomy: A Natural Response

Pancreatic pseudocysts are a common complication of pancreatitis. Conservative management and repeat imaging are appropriate to monitor spontaneous regression. However, in some cases, rupture and haemorrhage of pseudocysts can lead to life-threatening events requiring urgent intervention. We present a male patient in his 30s who was presented to the emergency department with severe pancreatitis in the context of alcohol excess. Past medical history included pancreatitis with a small pseudocyst and splenic vein thrombosis for which he was anticoagulated six weeks previously. Computer tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed an interval increase in his pseudocyst with haemorrhage secondary to a suspected splenic artery pseudoaneurysm. He was admitted for attempted embolisation and observation. Serial imaging demonstrated progression of the pancreatic pseudocyst and then spontaneous interval decompression via a transgastric fistula, leading to a natural cystogastrostomy confirmed on subsequent endoscopy. We discuss the uncommon sequelae of a complication of pancreatitis, and consider the hypotheses related to this rare occurrence, with suggestions for management and follow-up of these patients.
Sodium phosphate cotransporter 2a inhibitors: potential therapeutic uses

Purpose of review Targeting sodium phosphate cotransporter 2a (Npt2a) offers a novel strategy for treating hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here we review recent studies on the efficacy of Npt2a inhibition, its plasma phosphate (Pi)-lowering effects, as well as potential “off-target” beneficial effects on cardiovascular consequences. Recent findings Two novel Npt2a-selective inhibitors (PF-06869206 and BAY-767) have been developed. Pharmacological Npt2a inhibition shows a significant phosphaturic effect and consequently lowers plasma Pi and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels regardless of CKD. However, plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a master regulator of Pi homeostasis, shows inconsistent responses between these two inhibitors (no effect by PF-06869206 vs. reduction by BAY-767). In addition to the effects on Pi homeostasis, Npt2a inhibition also enhances urinary excretions of Na+, Cl−, and Ca2+, which is recapitulated in animal models with reduced kidney function. The effect of Npt2a inhibition by BAY-767 on vascular calcification has been studied, with positive results showing that oral treatment with BAY-767 (10 mg kg−1) attenuated the increases in plasma Pi and Ca2+ content in the aorta under the setting of vascular calcification induced by a pan-FGF receptor inhibitor. Together, Npt2a inhibition offers a promising therapeutic approach for treating hyperphosphatemia and reducing cardiovascular complications in CKD. Summary Npt2a inhibition significantly increases urinary Pi excretion and lowers plasma Pi and PTH levels; moreover, it exerts pleiotropic “off-target” effects, providing a novel treatment for hyperphosphatemia and exhibiting beneficial potential for cardiovascular complications in CKD.
Multicultural counseling with Latino youth Multicultural counseling with Latino youth

Abstract The author of this paper examined current literature reviewing Latino youth issues and considerations in counseling this population. First, the author will discuss the importance of multicultural counseling education in counselor training programs. Considerations and factors will then be identified for working specifically with Latino youth. Next, the risk of low academic achievement for Latino youth will be discussed. Then, the author will explore assessing and diagnosing members of the Latino population. Finally, she will describe conclusions about current research and implications for future counselors.
Gate-All-Around Nanowire Junctionless Transistor-Based Hydrogen Gas Sensor

This paper reports on the detection of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) gas by utilizing a gate-all-around nanowire (NW) junctionless (JL) transistor as a sensor. The effects of temperature and pressure are considered in the transduction process through a change in gate workfunction of palladium (Pd) gate after exposure to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gas. The analysis is performed through TCAD simulations, and an analytical model is developed in the subthreshold regime of device operation at a relatively low drain bias of 0.5 V. The performance of the NW JL transistor gas sensor is evaluated through the OFF-current-based sensitivity (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and sensitivity based on threshold voltage shift (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The analytical model developed for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shows a very good consistency with simulation data. The anomalous behavior of threshold voltage with temperature in the NW JL transistor under the influence of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$H_{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gas is analyzed in detail. This paper predominantly focuses on utilizing the NW JL transistor for low-power gas sensing, specifically at low pressures (10<sup>−15</sup>–10<sup>−10</sup> torr), for temperatures ranging from 250 to 450 K. Insights into physical mechanisms within the device due to the transduction process are highlighted for optimum sensing.
Observed binary populations reﬂect the Galactic history Explaining the orbital period-mass ratio relation in wide hot subdwarf binaries

Context. Wide hot subdwarf B (sdB) binaries with main-sequence companions are outcomes of stable mass transfer from evolved red giants. The orbits of these binaries show a strong correlation between their orbital periods and mass ratios. The origins of this correlation have, so far, been lacking a conclusive explanation. Aims. We aim to ﬁnd a binary evolution model which can explain the observed correlation. Methods. Radii of evolved red giants, and hence the resulting orbital periods, strongly depend on their metallicity. We performed a small but statistically signiﬁcant binary population synthesis study with the binary stellar evolution code MESA. We used a standard model for binary mass loss and a standard metallicity history of the Galaxy. The resulting sdB systems were selected based on the same criteria as was used in observations and then compared with the observed population. Results. We have achieved an excellent match to the observed period-mass ratio correlation without explicitly ﬁne-tuning any parameters. Furthermore, our models produce a very good match to the observed period-metallicity correlation. We predict several new correlations, which link the observed sdB binaries to their progenitors, and a correlation between the orbital period, metallicity, and core mass for subdwarfs and young low-mass helium white dwarfs. We also predict that sdB binaries have distinct orbital properties depending on whether they formed in the Galactic bulge, thin or thick disc, or the halo. Conclusions. We demonstrate, for the ﬁrst time, how the metallicity history of the Milky Way is imprinted in the properties of the observed post-mass transfer binaries. We show that Galactic chemical evolution is an important factor in binary population studies of interacting systems containing at least one evolved low-mass ( M init < 1 . 6 M (cid:12) ) component. Finally, we provide an observationally supported model of mass transfer from low-mass red giants onto main-sequence stars. in the ﬁnal mass ratios can be reached by varying the other initial parameters. Varying the metallicity has almost no e ﬀ ect on the ﬁnal mass ratio, but strongly changes the ﬁnal orbital period. The correlation between the ﬁnal mass ratio and the initial donor mass combined with the link between metallicity and initial donor mass due to Galactic evolution then explains the observed P − q relation. See Sect. 6.4 for details.
High pressure and ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive compounds from Santolina chamaecypatissus L.

For maximal utilization of bioactive components from Santolina, a combination of extraction techniques, supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2), followed by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), was used. SFE-CO2was done at a pressure of 300 bar and a temperature of 40 °C. This extraction targeted to extract non-polar components from investigated plant material. The raw material remaining after extraction was subjected to the UAE, using ethanol solutions as an extraction solvent in concentrations of 30, 50, and 70% (v/v), at temperatures of 30, 50, and 70 °C, for a period of extraction of 10, 20 and 40 min. The yield, achieved by the application of SFE-CO2, was 3.98% (w/w). The highest UAE yield (28.48%) was obtained using 50% ethanol as an extraction solvent, at the temperature of 50 °C during a period of extraction of 40 min. The lowest yield (22.15%) was obtained when 30% ethanol was applied at 50 °C for 20 min of extraction. The highest measured concentration of total phenols was 2.45 mg GAE/mL of extract, achieved at the following extraction conditions: extraction time 20 min, temperature of 50 °C, extraction solvent 70%. Keywords
Neuronutraceuticals Combating Neuroinflammaging: Molecular Insights and Translational Challenges—A Systematic Review

Neuropathologies, such as neuroinflammaging, have arisen as a serious concern for preserving the quality of life due to the global increase in neurodegenerative illnesses. Nowadays, neuronutraceuticals have gained remarkable attention. It is necessary to investigate the bioavailability, off-target effects, and mechanism of action of neuronutraceuticals. To comprehend the comprehensive impact on brain health, well-designed randomized controlled trials testing combinations of neuronutraceuticals are also necessary. Although there is a translational gap between basic and clinical research, the present knowledge of the molecular perspectives of neuroinflammaging and neuronutraceuticals may be able to slow down brain aging and to enhance cognitive performance. The present review also highlights the key emergent issues, such as regulatory and scientific concerns of neuronutraceuticals, including bioavailability, formulation, blood–brain permeability, safety, and efficacy.
Microring Resonators Coupling Tunability by Heterogeneous 2D Material Integration

Atomically thin 2D materials provide a wide range of basic building blocks with unique properties, making them ideal for heterogeneous integration with a mature chip platform. An understanding the role of excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides in Silicon photonic platform is a prerequisite for advances in optical communication technology, signal processing, and possibly computing. Here we demonstrate passive tunable coupling by integrating few layers of MoTe2 on a micro-ring resonator. We find a TMD-to-rings circumference coverage length ratio to place the ring into critical coupling to be about 10% as determined from the variation of spectral resonance visibility and loss as a function of TMD coverage. Using this TMD ring heterostructure, we further demonstrate a semi-empirical method to determine the index of an unknown TMD material (nMoTe2 of 4.36+.011i) near for telecommunication-relevant wavelength.
Multi-response optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for stabilized landfill leachate treatment using a coagulant based on an industrial effluent

The aim of this study is to assess the performance of an industrial effluent steel industrial waste - water (SIWW) highly loaded with ferric salts from Maghreb Steel Company as coagulant for sta bilized landfill leachate treatment. Response surface methodology and central composite design were applied to optimize the coagulation–flocculation process and to model the relationships between independent variables (coagulant dose and effluent pH) and responses (chemical oxy - gen demand (COD) and turbidity removal, and sludge production). Quadratic polynomial models developed for these responses indicated that the optimum conditions were 8 mL/L of SIWW at pH 2.75. These results showed good agreement between experimental and model predictions. 55.43% and 87.55% of COD and turbidity removal, respectively and with 19 mL/L of sludge production from treatment of this leachate by coagulation–flocculation using a SIWW-based coagulant were demonstrated. Accordingly, it is concluded that SIWW can be used as an effective and alternative coagulant for the pre-treatment of stabilized landfill leachate by a coagulation–flocculation process.
Multi-Energy System Cloud Control: Modeling, Analysis and Validation of Water and Electrical Power Nexus in Bornholm Island

Multi-energy system (MES) models can be used to increase operational efficiency and improve the overall system performance in many areas, with a growing interest in both research and industry. The deployment and operation of such models using cloud-based solutions offer a robust yet flexible platform, which allows for the integration of different sectors. In this work, we discuss the modeling of wastewater treatment systems (WWTS) pumping stations, each equipped with motor-driven pumps. A model that combines motor drives and water pumping system operation is formulated, based on existing infrastructure in Bornholm island, Denmark. Furthermore, we discuss data acquisition and processing, both as inputs for the design and operation of the design, and also as means to validate its performance in cloud control. Finally, current applications of the presented MES model are discussed, and future work is also discussed from a practical and theoretical standpoint.
Signs and symptoms in patients with decompensated heart failure: priorities nursing diagnoses

The aim of this study is to identify the signs and symptoms of patients admitted for decompensated heart failure (HF) in order to infer the priority nursing diagnoses (ND). This is a cross-sectional study undertaken in a university hospital. The data were collected by nurses trained to deal with HF and registered in a file containing identification items, and demographic and clinical variables. We included 303 patients. Most patients were in emergency departments (95.7%) with functional class III (65.7%). The signs and symptoms identified at the time of admission were dyspnea (91.4%), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (87.5%), fatigue (67.3%), edema (63.7%), orthopnea (55.4 %) and jugular vein distention (28.7%). From the signs and symptoms raised, that became the set of relevant clues and consistent as an indicator for ND, we conclude that Decreased Cardiac Output and Fluid Volume Excess diagnoses were the priorities for this population.
Multiple introductions and overwintering shape the progressive invasion of Aedes albopictus beyond the Alps

Abstract Aedes albopictus originates from Southeast Asia and is considered one of the most invasive species globally. This mosquito is a nuisance and a disease vector of significant public health relevance. In Europe, Ae. albopictus is firmly established and widespread south of the Alps, a mountain range that forms a formidable biogeographic barrier to many organisms. Recent reports of Ae. albopictus north of the Alps raise questions of (1) the origins of its recent invasion, and (2) if this mosquito has established overwintering populations north of the Alps. To answer these questions, we analyzed population genomic data from >4000 genome‐wide SNPs obtained through double‐digest restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. We collected SNP data from specimens from six sites in Switzerland, north and south of the Alps, and analyzed them together with specimens from other 33 European sites, five from the Americas, and five from its Asian native range. At a global level, we detected four genetic clusters with specimens from Indonesia, Brazil, and Japan as the most differentiated, whereas specimens from Europe, Hong Kong, and USA largely overlapped. Across the Alps, we detected a weak genetic structure and high levels of genetic admixture, supporting a scenario of rapid and human‐aided dispersal along transportation routes. While the genetic pattern suggests frequent re‐introductions into Switzerland from Italian sources, the recovery of a pair of full siblings in two consecutive years in Strasbourg, France, suggests the presence of an overwintering population north of the Alps. The suggestion of overwintering populations of Ae. albopictus north of the Alps and the expansion patterns identified points to an increased risk of further northward expansion and the need for increased surveillance of mosquito populations in Northern Europe.
Towards Portable MEMS Oscillators for Sensing Nanoparticles

This paper reports on the design, and implementation of piezoelectric-on-silicon MEMS resonators installed within a portable experimental setup for sensing nanoparticles in a laboratory environment. MEMS oscillators with a center frequency of approximately 5.999 MHz are employed for sensing 50 nm size-selected silver nanoparticles generated in the laboratory. The same experimental setup is then assembled to sense indoor particles that are present in the laboratory environment. The challenges associated with particle deposition as a result of assembling the portable experimental setup is highlighted. Furthermore, the MEMS oscillators demonstrate that the total mass of silver nanoparticles deposited onto the MEMS resonator surface using the inertial impaction technique-based experimental setup is approximately 7.993 nanograms. The total indoor particle mass accumulated on the MEMS resonator surface is estimated to be approximately 1.732 nanograms and 26.9 picograms for two different runs. The frequency resolution of the MEMS oscillator is estimated to be approximately 32 ppb and, consequently, the minimum detectable particle mass is approximately 60 femtograms for a 9.2 s integration time.
Spherical Harmonic Lighting: The Gritty Details

Spherical Harmonic lighting (SH lighting) is a technique for calculating the lighting on 3D models from area light sources that allows us to capture, relight and display global illumination style images in real time. It was introduced in a paper at Siggraph 2002 by Sloan, Kautz and Snyder as a technique for ultra realistic lighting of models. Looking a little closer at it’s derivation we can show that it is in fact a toolbox of interrelated techniques that the games community can use to good effect.