Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shallow Calcium Carbonate Cycling in the North Pacific Ocean

The cycling of biologically produced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the ocean is a fundamental component of the global carbon cycle. Here, we present experimental determinations of in situ coccolith and foraminiferal calcite dissolution rates. We combine these rates with solid phase fluxes, dissolved tracers, and historical data to constrain the alkalinity cycle in the shallow North Pacific Ocean. The in situ dissolution rates of coccolithophores demonstrate a nonlinear dependence on saturation state. Dissolution rates of all three major calcifying groups (coccoliths, foraminifera, and aragonitic pteropods) are too slow to explain the patterns of both CaCO3 sinking flux and alkalinity regeneration in the North Pacific. Using a combination of dissolved and solid‐phase tracers, we document a significant dissolution signal in seawater supersaturated for calcite. Driving CaCO3 dissolution with a combination of ambient saturation state and oxygen consumption simultaneously explains solid‐phase CaCO3 flux profiles and patterns of alkalinity regeneration across the entire N. Pacific basin. We do not need to invoke the presence of carbonate phases with higher solubilities. Instead, biomineralization and metabolic processes intimately associate the acid (CO2) and the base (CaCO3) in the same particles, driving the coupled shallow remineralization of organic carbon and CaCO3. The linkage of these processes likely occurs through a combination of dissolution due to zooplankton grazing and microbial aerobic respiration within degrading particle aggregates. The coupling of these cycles acts as a major filter on the export of both organic and inorganic carbon to the deep ocean.
Clinical Parameters and Epigenetic Biomarkers of Plaque Vulnerability in Patients with Carotid Stenosis

Atheromatous disease is the first cause of death and dependency in developed countries and carotid artery atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of severe ischaemic strokes. Current management strategies are mainly based on the degree of stenosis and patient selection has limited accuracy. This information could be complemented by the identification of biomarkers of plaque vulnerability, which would permit patients at greater and lesser risk of stroke to be distinguished, thus enabling a better selection of patients for surgical or intensive medical treatment. Although several circulating protein-based biomarkers with significance for both the diagnosis of carotid artery disease and its prognosis have been identified, at present, none have been clinically implemented. This review focuses especially on the most relevant clinical parameters to take into account in routine clinical practice and summarises the most up-to-date data on epigenetic biomarkers of carotid atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability.
VOTA: A Heterogeneous Multicore Visual Object Tracking Accelerator Using Correlation Filters

A correlation filter (CF) is a lighter and faster solution for visual object tracking (VOT) compared with a deep neural network (DNN). However, the CF-based trackers introduce diverse computational kernels and require FP16 computations. To address these challenges, we present a VOT accelerator (VOTA), a domain-specific accelerator for CF-based VOT that meets real-time performance at high efficiency, while providing flexibility and programmability. The VOTA encompasses a Winograd convolution core (WINO), a fast Fourier transformation (FFT) core (FFT), and a vector core (VEC) for diverse kernels, integrated in a high-bandwidth star-ring topology. The VOTA’s frame-based instruction set and execution enable a 537 GFLOPS performance, adapt to variances of CF trackers, and reduce the code size. An instruction-chaining mechanism permits inter-core pipelining and improves the hardware utilization up to 84.2%. A 10.2-mm 2 28-nm FP16 system on chip (SoC) prototype incorporating the VOTA, an RISC-V host CPU, and other supportive peripherals is taped out and measured to achieve 2.45 TFLOPS/W at 0.72 V. Running the oriented particle CF (OPCF), a CF tracker enhanced by adaptive boosting and particle filtering, the SoC chip achieves 1157 frames/s ( $640\times480$ frame size) at 0.9 V and 175 MHz, consuming 296 mW.
Changes in Soil Bacterial Community Structure in Bermudagrass Turf under Short-Term Traffic Stress

Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. ) is an extensively utilized turf grass for football fields and golf courses. Traffic stress is one of the most important stresses affecting the life of turf, which leads to a decrease in turf quality and changes in the soil microbial community structure. The structural change in soil bacterial community is an important reference for turf growth, maintenance, and restoration. Tifgreen bermudagrass turf and Common bermudagrass turf were applied with traffic treatment by a traffic simulator with moderate intensity to explore soil bacterial community structural changes in turf under traffic stress. The environmental factors including turf quality indicators and soil properties were measured, and the association of the soil bacterial community diversity with the environment factors was analyzed. As a result, traffic treatments significantly changed the soil properties and bacterial community composition in two bermudagrass species at the phylum and genus level. Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Verrucomicrobia showed significantly high abundance in turf soils under traffic stress. The soil bacterial ACE, Chaol, and Shannon indexes of two bermudagrass species under traffic stress were significantly lower than non-traffic stress. The bacterial community structure was highly correlated with some turf quality indicators and soil properties under traffic stress. Our results illustrate that compared to Common bermudagrass, Tifgreen bermudagrass had better turf quality under traffic stress and less changes in its bacterial community structure, perhaps Tifgreen bermudagrass is a better choice of grass for sports turf as opposed to Common bermudagrass.
Analytical Model of Tunneling Current by High Dielectrics and Study of High-k Gate Stack Structure

With the persistent scale of dielectrics through scaling technology towards the nanoscale method and a precise model of tunnel current becomes important as well as essential to understand the scaling limits. While precised by (ITRS) and elevated presentation CMOS circuit has the utmost current density limit for 90 nm skill nodes. Below 2nm oxide tunneling current becomes difficult. Classical physics is not enough to explain the device physics at nanoscale. So a quantum mechanical study becomes essential to provide thorough evaluation of the device behavior at nanoscale. By solving Schrodinger Equation, analytical model for gate tunneling current has been urbanized using (WKB) approximation method. The tunneling current has been calculated for direct tunneling from channel to gate for both electrons and holes. To avoid the problem of gate tunneling current below 90 nm or we can say that at 65 nm and 45 nm another gate dielectric material is used that has high dielectric constant than SiO2. Three gate dielectric materials Si3N4, HfO2, Al2O3 has been deliberated . All the three gate dielectrics are used to scale down the thickness of oxide ranging from 1.42 nm to 0.96 nm. Results have been compared with the numerical model and also with the semi-empirical model.
A 12‐bit SC3 partially segmented current steering DAC with improved SFDR and bandwidth

A 12‐bit self cascode capacitor compensated (SC3) partial segmented current steering digital to analog converter (DAC) is proposed and implemented in standard 180‐nm CMOS technology. The effect of the output capacitance at a higher frequency of operation is analyzed. Based on the analysis, a self cascode transistor is connected on the top of the differential switch with an “always‐on” biasing without compromising the voltage headroom. Besides, a compensation capacitor is also used at the output to improve spur free dynamic range (SFDR), which is obtained as 108 dB when sampled at 800 MS/s. The proposed architecture also offers high output impedance by more than 10 times compared with the cascode device. The proposed design also enhances the bandwidth of the circuit and is obtained to be 4 GHz with a power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of 43 dB. It also has a total harmonic distortion (THD) of <3% up to input power of −4 dB and is also insensitive to process variations with a sensitivity of <0.5%.
Magnetic core loss excited by high-frequency rectangle waveform

The variation tendency of magnetic core loss under different duty cycles is studied for high-frequency transformer.With same frequency and flux swings,the excitation current waveform change caused by duty cycle variation has little effect on the area encircled by the hysteresis curve and the hysteresis loss is taken as a constant.The relationship between eddy current loss and excitation voltage is approximately linear,based on which,a method for computing the eddy current loss under different duty cycles is presented.The theoretical calculation shows that,when the duty cycle varies between 0.283 and 0.717,the core loss excited by rectangle waveform is smaller than that excited by sinusoidal waveform;the magnetic core loss is minimal when the duty cycle is 0.5. Experimental data prove the correctness of theoretical analysis.
Single-core soft-switching high step-up three-level boost converter with active clamp

In this study, a new three-level boost converter is introduced which has high voltage gains suitable for photovoltaic applications. Three-level structure has the advantage of low voltage stresses of the switches and diodes. In the proposed converter, semiconductor devices operate under soft-switching conditions which results in low switching losses. It utilises an active clamp circuit with one auxiliary switch to absorb the leakage energy. Therefore, elimination of the voltage spikes across the switches as well as efficiency improvement is achieved. On the other hand, the proposed converter has one magnetic core, and consequently, reduced size. Operating principles of the proposed converter along with its theoretical analysis are presented. Experimental results of a 200 W laboratory prototype for voltage conversion of 40 V/400 V are provided in order to verify the proposed converter performance.
Business budgeting as a tool of scientific management and rationalisation in Poland in the interwar period

The purpose of the article is to examine the premises and extent of the dissemination of business budgeting using publications in interwar Poland (1918–1939) and to indicate Polish authors’ sources of knowledge on this issue. The article also seeks to investigate whether budgeting was promoted and introduced in Poland to propel development in a nation that was reawakening as a country after more than 120 years of partitions. The dissemination of budgeting is considered in connection with the idea of rationalisation, which originated in the United States, and the scientific management movement in Europe that it influenced. The article shows Poles promoting business budgeting and their actions following the theory of progress in order to increase the prosperity of a country that was rebuilding a unified economic organism and national identity. The article contributes to the history of scientific management and accounting as it brings new elements by examining the non-Western interwar environment.
Fear of Coronavirus on Continuance Intention to Use Food Delivery Apps

The objective of this research is to explore the determinants impacting the Indian consumers’ continuance intention (CI) to use food delivery app (FDA) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study develops a conceptual framework which integrates technology acceptance model (TAM) and expectation confirmation model (ECM), with fear of Coronavirus (FOC) and health anxiety (HA). The survey responses of 598 FDA users during Covid-19 pandemic period in India were examined using PLS – SEM approach. The findings reveal that FOC is the most significant determinant, and HA, satisfaction (SAT), perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and confirmation (CON) have significant impact (directly/indirectly) on users’ CI to use FDAs at the time of Coronavirus pandemic. The new normal which includes social distancing, self-protection etc. has created new buying habits. The policymakers, start-ups etc. can gain considerable insights from this research.
Functional Properties and Preservative Effect of P-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Grafted Chitosan Films on Fresh-Cut Jackfruit

In the present study, p-hydroxybenzoic acid-grafted chitosan (PA-g-CS) conjugates with different grafting degrees were synthesized by a free radical-regulated grafting approach. The conjugates were further developed into films by casting, and their characteristics and preservative effects on fresh-cut jackfruit were evaluated. Compared to the CS film, the PA-g-CS film showed comprehensive performance improvements, including enhancements of water solubility, anti-ultraviolet capacity, antioxidation, and antibacterial activity. Moreover, compared with CS film, some appreciable and favorable changes of physical properties were observed in the PA-g-CS films, which included water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, surface morphology, moisture content, and mechanical intensity. Furthermore, compared to CS alone, the application of PA-g-CS films to fresh-cut jackfruit exerted a beneficial effect on the quality of products, as indicated by the inhibition of weight loss, softening, and membrane damage, the maintenance of soluble solids and ascorbic acids contents, as well as a reduced bacterial count and a higher sensory score. Among these PA-g-CS films, the best preservation effect was achieved with the highest degree of grafting (PA-g-CS III). The results suggested that the PA-g-CS film has the potential to be explored as a new type of packaging material for the preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.
Periodic Stretching of Cultured Myotubes Enhances Myofibril Assembly

The effects of mechanical stress on cultured muscle cells were examined with particular interest in myofibril assembly by using a cell-stretching system. We observed that formation and maintenance of cross-striated myofibrils in chick muscle cell cultures was suppressed in the media containing higher concentration of KCl, tetrodotoxin, or ML-9 (an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase), but periodic stretching of myotubes for several days enabled formation of striated myofibrils just as in standard muscle cultures. However, ryanodine (a blocker of the Ca2 + channel in sarcoplasmic reticulum) and BDM (an inhibitor of myosin-actin interaction) suppressed the stretch-induced myofibrillogenesis. We further found that stretching of myotubes causes quick and transient elevation of the intracellular Ca2 + concentration and this elevation is disturbed by inhibition of Ca2 + channels of sarcoplasmic reticulum and suppression of Ca2 + influx from culture medium. These observations indicate that periodic stretching induces elevation of intracellular Ca2 + concentration and that this elevation may be due to release of Ca2 + from sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca2 + influx from outside of the cells. The increased Ca2 + may activate actin-myosin interaction by interacting with troponin that is located along actin filaments and/or inducing phosphorylation of myosin light chains and thereby promote myofibril assembly.
20(22)Z and 20(22)E Dammarane Saponins From the Roots of Panax pseudoginseng Wall.

Panax pseudoginseng Wall. is famous as a traditional Vietnamese medicinal plant used to promote health and aid in cancer treatment. From the roots of this plant, 1 new (1) and 4 known (2-5) Δ20(22)-dammarane-type triterpenoid glycosides were isolated by various chromatographic methods. Their chemical structures were determined as 3β,6α,12β-trihydroxydammarane-(Z)-20(22),24-diene 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3β,6α,12β-trihydroxy-dammar-(E)-20(22),25-diene 6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2, ginsenoside Rh4), ginsenoside Rg5 (3), 3β,12β-dihydroxydammarane-(E)-20(22),24-diene 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), and 3β,12β-dihydroxydammarane-(E)-20(22),24-diene 6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5). The E/Z-Δ20(22) configurations in the dammarane compounds were further evidenced by 1D and 2D NMR data.
Novel Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquid Promoter for Aqueous Knoevenagel Condensation: Green and Efficient Synthesis of New Derivatives with Their Anticancer Evaluation

Herein, a distinctive dihydroxy ionic liquid ([Py-2OH]OAc) was straightforwardly assembled from the sonication of pyridine with 2-chloropropane-1,3-diol by employing sodium acetate as an ion exchanger. The efficiency of the ([Py-2OH]OAc as a promoter for the sono-synthesis of a novel library of condensed products through DABCO-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation process of adequate active cyclic methylenes and ninhydrin was next investigated using ultimate greener conditions. All of the reactions studied went cleanly and smoothly, and the resulting Knoevenagel condensation compounds were recovered in high yields without detecting the aldol intermediates in the end products. Compared to traditional strategies, the suggested approach has numerous advantages including mild reaction conditions with no by-products, eco-friendly solvent, outstanding performance in many green metrics, and usability in gram-scale synthesis. The reusability of the ionic liquid was also studied, with an overall retrieved yield of around 97% for seven consecutive runs without any substantial reduction in the performance. The novel obtained compounds were further assessed for their in vitro antitumor potential toward three human tumor cell lines: Colo-205 (colon cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and A549 (lung cancer) by employing the MTT assay, and the findings were evaluated with the reference Doxorubicin. The results demonstrated that the majority of the developed products had potent activities at very low doses. Compounds comprising rhodanine (5) or chromane (12) moieties exhibited the most promising cytotoxic effects toward three cell lines, particularly rhodanine carboxylic acid derivative (5c), showing superior cytotoxic effects against the investigated cell lines compared to the reference drug. Furthermore, automated docking simulation studies were also performed to support the results obtained.
Finite Element Modeling of Debonding Failures in FRP-Strengthened Concrete Beams Using Cohesive Zone Model

Intermediate crack (IC) debonding and concrete cover separation (CCS) are common types of debonding failures in concrete beams flexurally strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the flexural behavior and predict the critical debonding failure in FRP-strengthened beams. The two critical debonding failures were considered in the FE model by implementing a cohesive zone model based on fracture mechanics considering the effect of the related parameters. The input values used for the cohesive zone model are modified in this study to obtain accurate and consistent predictions. The FE model was validated by comparison with experimental results tested by the authors for beams particularly prone to fail by either of the two critical debonding failures. The results obtained from the FE model agree well with the experimental results for both of the debonding failures and the corresponding capacities at failure. In general, the ratio of the experimental to numerical ultimate capacities was within 5%, and so was the ratio of the experimental to numerical mid-span deflections at debonding failures. The FE model developed in this study was then used to conduct a parametric study investigating the effect of shear span-to-depth ratio and spacing of steel stirrups on the ultimate capacity and type of debonding failure in FRP-strengthened beams. The results of the parametric study revealed that increasing the spacing of steel stirrups caused a significant decrease in the load capacity at concrete cover separation failure. In addition, varying the shear span-to-depth ratio was seen to have an important effect on the type of debonding failure and corresponding capacities for the FRP-strengthened beams having the same cross-section geometry and CFRP reinforcement.
Monotropein Improves Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of monotropein (MON) on improving dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells. The body weights, grip strengths, and muscle weights of mice were assessed. The histological change in the gastrocnemius tissues was also observed through H&E staining. The expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), muscle ring finger 1 (MuRF1), and muscle atrophy F-box (Atrogin1) and the phosphorylation of AKT, mTOR, and FOXO3a in the muscle tissues of mice and C2C12 myotubes were analyzed using Western blotting. MON improved muscle atrophy in mice and C2C12 myotubes by regulating catabolic states via the AKT/mTOR/FOXO3a signaling pathways, and enhanced muscle function by the increases of muscle mass and strength in mice. This suggests that MON could be used for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in patients.
Racial inequality in the U.S. unemployment insurance system

While unemployment insurance (UI) could help attenuate racial income disparities in the U.S., Black unemployed workers seem to receive less UI beneﬁts than White ones. To understand why, we analyze administrative data from random audits on UI claims in all U.S. states. We ﬁrst document a large racial gap in the UI that unemployed workers receive after ﬁling a new claim: Black claimants receive a 18 . 28% (6 . 51ppt) lower replacement rate (i.e. beneﬁts relative to prior earnings) than White claimants. In principle, the replacement rate of each claimant mechanically depends on her work history, and on the rules prevailing in her state. Since we observe claimants’ UI-relevant work history and state, we are in a unique position to decompose the causes of the racial gap among UI claimants. First, we show that racial diﬀerences in work history prior to unemployment create a 10 . 16% gap (3 . 62ppt); second, diﬀerences in rules across states create an 8 . 45% gap (3 . 01ppt); ﬁnally, we ﬁnd no residual racial gap, once we account for state rules and work history diﬀerences. Thus, the decentralized design of the UI system generates new gaps in income between Black and White claimants, even when they have the same work history. Our results highlight that, even in the absence of individual discrimination, institutions can perpetuate racial inequality.