Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does disaster contribute to armed con ﬂ ict? A quantitative analysis of disaster – con ﬂ ict co-occurrence between 1990 and 2017

Purpose – Disasters and armed con ﬂ ict often co-occur, but does that imply that disasters trigger or fuel con ﬂ ict? In the small but growing body of literature attempting to answer this question, divergent ﬁ ndings indicate the complex and contextual nature of a potential answer to this question. The purpose of this study is to contribute a robust cross-country analysis of the co-occurrence of disaster and con ﬂ ict, with a particular focuson the potential role played by disaster. Design/methodology/approach – Grounded in a theoretical model of disaster – con ﬂ ict co-occurrence, this study merges data from 163 countries between 1990 and 2017 on armed con ﬂ ict, disasters and relevant control variables (low human development, weak democratic institutions, natural resource dependence and large population size/density). Findings – The main results of this study show that, despite a sharp increase in the co-occurrence of disasters and armed con ﬂ ict over time, disasters do not appear to have a direct statistically signi ﬁ cant relation with the occurrence of armed con ﬂ ict. This result contributes to the understanding of disasters and con ﬂ icts as indirectly related via co-creation mechanisms and other factors. Originality/value – This study is a novel contribution, as it provides a fresh analysis with updated data andincludes differentcontrolvariables that allow for a signi ﬁ cantcontributionto the ﬁ eld.
Development Trend and Countermeasures of Atrazine

As the quicken of the obsolescence and forbiddance of high-toxic pesticides, atrazine is faced with forbiddance. Based on the safety, production and application status of atrazine, the controversy on forbiddance of atrazine was analyzed. The forbiddance of atrazine should be treated with caution and reason.
Corporate social responsibility practices and enterprise risk management of the GCC Islamic banks

This study intends to investigate the impact of CSR practices on ERM implementation, focusing on Islamic banks operating in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Following the banking industry’s collapse during the 2008 financial crisis, there has been a notable rise in the enactment and literature of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Although the influence of CSR practices on performance, trust, and reputation has been extensively researched, limited research studies have examined their impact on enterprise risk management (ERM). The study uses secondary data obtained from the annual reports of 23 Islamic banks between 2011 and 2020. CSR practices and ERM implementations were scored using content analysis. Using panel regression techniques, we find a significant positive relationship between CSR practices and ERM implementation for listed Islamic banks over the sample period. The relationship remains intact across two distinct ERM measures and various estimation methods. The findings of the study contribute to the literature by offering valuable empirical evidence of the effect of corporate social responsibility practices on enterprise risk management implementation in the GCC Islamic banks. The study suggests that executives, policymakers, and regulators of Islamic banks in the GCC should support and endorse socially related initiatives to aid in the successful implementation of ERM.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE AND COST OF EQUITY EVIDENCE FROM PUBLIC LISTED COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been rolled out in recent years as it has become vital owing to the massive growth of financial institutions, mutual funds, online resources, and other publications. CSR disclosure could reduce the cost of equity. The study's main objective is to investigate the CSR disclosure by companies listed in Malaysia towards the cost of equity. This study is based on three hundred four (304) samples of Malaysian listed companies from 2013 to 2014. The data of the samples were mainly collected from annual reports, except for financial data which were collected from DataStream. The result revealed that the CSR disclosure in the annual report could reduce the company's cost of equity by reducing information asymmetry, reducing agency costs, and reducing companies' risk. The result also shows that liquidity has a significant negative relationship with the cost of equity. The higher information disclosure enhances stock market liquidity, thus, reducing the cost of equity through the reduction of risk as well increasing demand for a company's securities. The size, liquidity, and growth have a significant relationship with the cost of equity.
Exposure to Wood dust and its Respiratory Health Effects Among Wood Workers in Yaounde (Cameroon)

Background: Occupational respiratory diseases are responsible of one-third of all documented work-related deaths. Exposure to wood dust leads to multiple respiratory manifestations including cough, chest pain, asthma and altered lung function. The aim of this study was to assess the level of exposure to wood dust and its respiratory health correlates among woodworkers in Yaounde. Methodology: The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 37 carpentry workshops in the city of Yaounde. From October 2021 to February 2022. The geographical site selection was purposeful, taking into account areas with large numbers of workers and woodworker shop. Woodworker shops were enumerated and randomly selected. Respiratory manifestations were assessed upon a clinical respiratory examination involving cough, expectoration, wheezing and dyspnea. The forced expiratory volume was determined using a dry spirometer. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 software; tables and graphs were generated using Excel 2013 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The study population was exclusively male, with a mean age of 34.04 plus-minus 11.69 years. With 15.02 plus-minus 12 years of woodwork experience. The respiratory symptoms reported were cough that was productive (41.8%) or dry (33.6%), chest pain (34.4%), dyspnea (41%) and wheezing (15.6%). The lung function decreased among the duration of woodwork experience. Conclusion: Respiratory manifestation among woodworkers were reported. And there is a urgent need to implement woodwork safety measures including education on exposure and adherence to protective measure.
First report of furmonertinib as a first-line treatment in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients harboring EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations after the kinase domain αC-helix: Two case reports and a literature review

Rationale: Many studies have shown that first- and second-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors are less effective in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations. The efficacy of third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors is still under investigation. Although new targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibody-based agents have made significant advances in the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor exon 20 insertion (EGFR ex20ins) mutation, the efficacy of these novel agents is not quite satisfactory. Platinum- and pemetrexed-based chemotherapy remains the standard first-line treatment for patients harboring EGFR ex20ins mutation. Patient concerns: We report for the first time 2 Chinese patients diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR ex20ins mutations after analysis of the αC-helix sequence by next-generation sequencing. Both patients were treated with furmonertinib as the first-line therapy. Interventions: The first case included a 38-year-old female who had an EGFR ex20ins mutation (p.S768_D770dupSVD). After 1 month of treatment with furmonertinib, her symptoms of pain and cough were significantly alleviated. She achieved a partial response according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. [1] The final progression-free survival was 8.13 months. The second case included a 40-year-old male who had an EGFR ex20ins mutation (p.N771_P772insVal). He had a good response to furmonertinib and exhibited stable disease according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors with a progression-free survival of 10.90 months. Outcomes: Both patients experienced significant improvement in symptoms and prolonged survival after furmonertinib was used as first-line treatment. Side effects were limited but manageable. Conclusion: The present study indicates that furmonertinib may be a first-line treatment option for patients with non-small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR ex20ins mutation.
Total Elbow Arthroplasty in Young Patients - An 8-Year Follow-up Case Series

Introduction: Certain elbow pathologies can give rise to considerable loss of joint function, which would severely affect the daily living activities of the patients. Total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) can be a safe and reasonable motion-preserving and pain-relieving option in such debilitating elbow conditions. The aim of this case series is to evaluate the functional outcome of TEA in young patients with four different indications after an 8-year follow-up. Case Report: We report a case series of four TEA cases done for different indications, namely rheumatoid arthritis, chronic elbow dislocation, post-traumatic elbow ankylosis, and failed primary total elbow replacement, all in relatively young patients. All patients were given a semi-constrained Coonrad-Morrey prosthesis using a posterior Bryan–Morrey approach. The cases were done during the years 2013–2014. Eight-year follow-up of each case showed excellent functional outcome and persistent pain relief with a high Mayo Elbow Performance Score. All the patients have given written consent for publishing this article. Conclusion: Despite being uncommon, total elbow replacement can be the choice of surgery for certain elbow affections, giving satisfactory functional recovery and good pain relief, even in a younger population.
Identification of potential crosstalk genes and mechanisms between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy through bioinformatic analysis

Periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy are significant public health concerns globally and are closely related with each other. This study aimed to identify potential crosstalk genes, pathways, and mechanisms associated with the interaction between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. Expression profiles of periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy were retrieved from the Gene expression omnibus gene expression omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened, followed by identification of co-expressed differential genes. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using R software. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed via STRING website, and key crosstalk genes were selected using Cytoscape. Subsequent gene ontology and KEGG analyses were conducted for the key genes, and a validation dataset was obtained from the gene expression omnibus database for differential gene validation. The TRRUST website was employed to identify transcription factors (TFs) associated with the key crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy, followed by differential analysis of TFs. A total of 17 crosstalk genes were obtained. Among them, SAMSN1, BCL2A1, interleukin-19, IL1B, RGS1, CXCL3, CCR1, CXCR4, CXCL1, and PTGS2 were identified as key crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. Additionally, 16 key TFs were discovered. This bioinformatic analysis revealed potential crosstalk genes between periodontitis and diabetic nephropathy. The identified key genes participate in signaling pathways, including cytokine signaling and chemokine signaling transduction, which might collectively influence these 2 diseases. These genes may serve as potential biomarkers guiding future research in this field.
AE37 HER2-targeted vaccine in the prevention of breast cancer recurrence: A mini narrative review of current evidence

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies investigating the safety profile and efficacy of the AE37 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted vaccine, offering insights into its potential role in breast cancer immunotherapy. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science, was conducted to identify relevant articles published up to October 2023. The search strategy utilized a combination of keywords, including “AE37 HER2 vaccine,” “breast cancer recurrence prevention,” and related terms. Boolean operators (AND, OR) were employed to refine the search. The AE37 vaccine exhibited a favorable safety profile across all studies, with minimal adverse effects reported. Efficacy outcomes varied, with promising trends observed in specific breast cancer subgroups, such as advanced-stage, HER2 under-expressed, and triple-negative breast cancer patients. Subgroup analyses suggested potential benefits, emphasizing the need for precise patient stratification. While the AE37 HER2-targeted vaccine demonstrates a promising safety profile and potential efficacy in specific breast cancer subgroups, an understanding requires addressing identified limitations and advancing research in nuanced directions. This paper provides a foundation for navigating the complex landscape of breast cancer immunotherapy with the AE37 vaccine.
PHAGOCYTES , GRANULOCYTES , AND MYELOPOIESIS PAD 4-de fi ciency does not affect bacteremia in polymicrobial sepsis and ameliorates endotoxemic shock

Sepsis remains a significant health care problem with approximately 750 000 cases per year, leading to death in 30%of patients in theUnited States.Thepathologies of sepsis result not only from thepresenceof an infection, but also from the hyperinflammatoryhost response.The vast systemic effects seen in sepsis result in diagnostic criteria that are broad in nature. Severe sepsis, characterized by organ dysfunction and septic shock, accompanied by hypotension, can rapidly progress to an irreversible stage in which survival is not possible despite therapeutic intervention. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the result of a coordinated biological process whereby neutrophils release their nuclear DNA accompanied by many antimicrobial proteins, including histones. The first report identifiedNETs in an infected appendix. Using animal models of sepsis, the release of NETs within the vasculature became evident. Their deposition in organs and prothrombotic activity may contribute to organ failure. NET biomarkers are elevated in septic patients. Microbes trapped within NETs are sometimes killed, and thus NETs could represent an important mechanism of host defense, particularly in sepsis. To date, this has not been rigorously tested. NETs have been identified in the cecal ligation puncture (CLP) mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase 1) degrades NETs, and one study suggests that DNase infusion results in increased susceptibility todeath inCLP.However, this effect was transient and minor, with higher mortality at 24 hours but similar mortality at subsequent time points. Although bacterial loads were elevated in DNase-treated mice 6 hours after CLP, by 24 hours colony forming units (CFUs) were similar between treated and untreated mice. Histologic evidence of increased organ damage was evident by 24 hours and could be due to liberation ofNET fragments by DNase 1 having a cytotoxic effect on distant tissues. On the other hand, DNase 1 naturally facilitates clearance of NETs by macrophages, diminishing toxic NET effects. A recent study showed the opposite result with a similar method of DNase administration. It is important to note that CLP experiments are difficult to compare because the degree of sepsis is dependent on the amount of spillage of cecal contents into the peritoneum, and because animals housed in different facilities at different institutions likely have differences in gut microbiota. For this reason, in our present study,weused siblings from the same litters.
Achieving High Piezoelectric Performance across a Wide Composition Range in Tetragonal (Bi,Na)TiO3–BaTiO3 Films for Micro-electromechanical Systems

Tetragonal (1–x)(Bi,Na)TiO3–xBaTiO3 films exhibit enhanced piezoelectric properties due to domain switching over a wide composition range. These properties were observed over a significantly wider composition range than the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), which typically has a limited composition range of 1–2%. The polarization axis was found to be along the in-plane direction for the tetragonal composition range x = 0.06–1.0, attributed to the tensile thermal strain from the substrate during cooling after the film formation. A “two-step increase” in remanent polarization against an applied maximum electric field was observed at the high-field region due to the domain switching, and a very high piezoelectric response (effective d33 value, denoted as d33,f) over 220 pm/V was achieved for a wide composition range of x = 0.2–0.5 with high tetragonality, exceeding previously reported values for bulk ceramics. Moreover, a transverse piezoelectric coefficient, e31,f, of 19 C/m2 measured using a cantilever structure was obtained for a composition range of at least 10 atom % (for both x = 0.2 and 0.3). This value is the highest reported for Pb-free piezoelectric thin films and is comparable to the best data for Pb-based thin films. Reversible domain switching eliminates the need for conventional MPB compositions, allowing an improvement in the piezoelectric properties over a wider composition range. This strategy could provide a guideline for the development of environmentally acceptable lead-free piezoelectric films with composition-insensitive piezoelectric performance to replace Pb-based materials with MPB composition, such as PZT.
School Policies and Environment in Promoting Physical Activity and Nutrition toward Prevention of Overweight and Obesity among Primary School Age Children in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania

Background: Currently, overweight and obesity are the most threatening problem to children; the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide in the past three decades. The aim of this study was to assess the school policies and environment on promoting physical activities and nutrition in primary schools in Moshi municipality. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Moshi municipality. Multistage sampling was used to select participating schools. School policies were assessed through interviews with head teachers; information collected was on school policy, physical education and nutrition. School environment: playgrounds, competitive foods and sport equipment were assessed using an observation checklist. Results: Tanzania has a well-defined school policy on physical education and science. School environments were conducive to allow different types of games to take place. 88% of the schools had playgrounds and 80% of the pupils from government schools were participating in physical activities, however in some schools the quality of playgrounds was poor in terms of size and environment. Surprisingly, in some private schools there were no play grounds at all. In all schools surveyed, there was a school lunch program with varied food stuffs. Competitive foods including fried foods, biscuits and candies were found either within or nearby school compounds. Conclusion: Tanzania school policy on curriculum needs to be restructured to include physical activity practical sessions as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Nutrition subject with healthy lifestyle sessions need to be included in school curriculum to promote good lifestyle behaviors.
An integrated finite difference model for groundwater flow and quality simulation

An integrated finite difference model for groundwater flow and quality simulation is presented. It can deal with multidimensional, multilayered, heterogeneous, anisotropic media, both in confined and phreatic conditions. Its mathematical structure combines the advantages of an integral formulation, which allows complex geometry problems to be solved more easily than by classical finite difference methods, with the simplicity of gradient evaluation, which can be regarded as an advantage over finite element techniques. Comparison with analytical and numerical results does not offer argument for rejecting the choice of the integrated finite difference approach, while the operational activities needed for the input preparation and the model calibration seem more expeditious when this methodology is applied. Un modèle aux différences finies intégres pour la simulation de l'écoulement et la qualité des eaux souterraines Résumé L'article présente un modèle aux différences finies intégrées pour la simulation des phénomènes d'écoulement et de transport de polluants dans les milieux poreux. Le modèle peut servir aux nappes phréatiques et confinées, dans des conditions pluridimensionelles, hétérogènes et anisotropes. Sa structure mathématique associe les avantages d'une formulation intégrale, permettant un traitement de problèmes à géométrie complexe beaucoup plus simple que par la méthode classique des différences finies, avec une évaluation aisée des gradients, constituant un avantage par rapport à la méthode des éléments finis. La confrontation avec des solutions analytiques et numériques n'offre pas d'argument contre le choix de l'approche des différences finies intégrées alors que les activités nécessaires à la préparation de l'input et au calage du modèle semblent plus rapides dans la méthodologie proposée.
Differential expression of the enzymes regulating myosin light chain phosphorylation are responsible for the slower relaxation of pulmonary artery than mesenteric artery in rats

While arterial tone is generally determined by the phosphorylation of Ser19 in myosin light chain (p-MLC2), Thr18/Ser19 diphosphorylation of MLC2 (pp-MLC2) has been suggested to hinder the relaxation of smooth muscle. In a dual-wire myography of rodent pulmonary artery (PA) and mesenteric artery (MA), we noticed significantly slower relaxation in PA than in MA after 80 mM KCl-induced condition (80K-contraction). Thus, we investigated the MLC2 phosphorylation and the expression levels of its regulatory enzymes; soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), Rho-A dependent kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain phosphatase target regulatory subunit (MYPT1). Immunoblotting showed higher sGC-α and ROCK2 in PA than MA, while sGC-β and MYPT1 levels were higher in MA than in PA. Interestingly, the level of pp-MLC2 was higher in PA than in MA without stimulation. In the 80K-contraction state, the levels of p-MLC2 and pp-MLC2 were commonly increased. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor (Y27632, 10 µM) reversed the higher pp-MLC2 in PA. In the myography study, pharmacological inhibition of sGC (ODQ, 10 µM) slowed relaxation during washout, which was more pronounced in PA than in MA. The simultaneous treatment of Y27632 and ODQ reversed the impaired relaxation in PA and MA. Although treatment of PA with Y27632 alone could increase the rate of relaxation, it was still slower than that of MA without Y27632 treatment. Taken together, we suggest that the higher ROCK and lower MYPT in PA would have induced the higher level of MLC2 phosphorylation, which is responsible for the characteristic slow relaxation in PA.