Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comment on‘The effect of sea tides on gravity tidal observations on the Antarctic Ekström ice shelf’by Bülent Tezkan and Ugur Yaramanci

In a recent paper, Tezkan & Yaramanci (1993; hereafter referred to as T&Y) present observations of sea-surface and ice-shelf surface-elevation variations from the Ekstrom Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The sea-surface observations come from a pressure sensor moored in the open ocean about 10 km from the ice front and it is assumed that these data closely resemble the vertical tidal motion of the ice front itself. The ice-shelf surface observations were obtained using a gravimeter at Georg von Neumayer station (GvN), situated about 10 km inland from the ice front. The quality of both data sets is very good and the analyses for tidal constituents and for the different components of the gravity reduction are rigorous and detailed. However, we disagree with a short section near the end of the paper where T&Y interpret the GvN observations using a simple cantilever, elasticbeam model for the ice shelf, in which one end of the beam is fixed (the hinge line), leaving the remainder to be influenced by tidal forcing. This problem was first studied by Robin (1958). T&Y have assumed that the whole beam is subjected to a uniformly distributed load due to the ice-shelf mass, but the supporting force of the underlying water is not included. Our doubts arise from this fundamental omission, as the physics on which the model is based is inadequate. Their conclusion regarding the position of the hinge line on Ekstrom Ice Shelf is based on this model and is, therefore, incorrect. T&Y place the hinge line about 55 km south of GvN (T&Y Fig. 2) which implies that, south of this line, tides will have no effect on the motion of the ice shelf. This line is up to 50 km north of the grounding line (the point at which the ice flowing off the land begins to float) identified from Landsat imagery. All the evidence from other ice shelves show tidal motion right up to the grounding line. It is highly unlikely that Ekstrom Ice Shelf will be different and T&Y present no evidence to that effect.
Security Self-Assessment Guide for Information Technology Systems

Abstract : Adequate security of information and the systems that process it is a fundamental management responsibility. Agency officials must understand the current status of their information security program and controls in order to make informed judgments and investments that appropriately mitigate risks to an acceptable level. Self-assessments provide a method for agency officials to determine the current status of their information security programs and, where necessary, establish a target for improvement. This self assessment guide utilizes an extensive questionnaire containing specific control objectives and techniques against which an unclassified system or group of interconnected systems can be tested and measured. The guide does not establish new security requirements. The control objectives and techniques are abstracted directly from long-standing requirements found in statute, policy, and guidance on security. This document builds on the Federal IT Security Assessment Framework (Framework) developed by NIST for the Federal Chief Information Officer (ClO) Council. The Framework established the groundwork for standardizing on five levels of security status and criteria agencies could use to determine if the five levels were adequately implemented. This document provides guidance on applying the Framework by identifying 17 control areas, such as those pertaining to identification and authentication and contingency planning. In addition, the guide provides control objectives and techniques that can be measured for each area.
Genetic Testing for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome

The following protocol contains medical necessity criteria that apply for this service. The criteria are also applicable to services provided in the local Medicare Advantage operating area for those members, unless separate Medicare Advantage criteria are indicated. If the criteria are not met, reimbursement will be denied and the patient cannot be billed. Please note that payment for covered services is subject to eligibility and the limitations noted in the patient’s contract at the time the services are rendered.
CBT by telephone for depression improved adherence compared with face-to-face CBT in primary care

Patients: 325 English-speaking patients ≥ 18 years of age (mean age 48 y, 78% women) who had MDD (Ham-D score ≥ 16). Exclusion criteria were vision or hearing impairment preventing participation; severe psychiatric disorder; depression of organic cause; severe alcohol or substance abuse; dementia; suicidality; receiving or planning to receive individual psychotherapy; or initiation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the past 10 days.
UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIVERSITY OF THE HEALTH SCIENCES F. EDWARD HEBERT SCHOOL OF MEDICINE GRADUATE PROGRAMS IN THE BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Title of Thesis: Effects of exercise training and social environment on stress resilience in male and female Long-Evans rats Author: Stephanie Marie Long, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Thesis directed by: Neil E. Grunberg, Ph.D., Professor Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology The purpose of this doctoral dissertation research project was to determine if exercise training or social enrichment could enhance stress resilience in rats. The specific aims of this experiment were to evaluate: (1) how combined sleep disturbance and predator stress affect biological and psychological components of the stress response; (2) if exercise training attenuates the biological and psychological components of the stress response and promotes recovery following exposure to sleep disturbance and predator stress; (3) if social support attenuates the biological and psychological components of the stress response and promotes recovery following exposure to sleep disturbance and predator stress; and (4) sex differences in the effects of sleep disturbance and predator stress on biological and psychological components of the stress response. The independent variables were: (1) exercise training (yes, no), (2) social enrichment (pair, individual housing), (3) sex (female, male), and (4) stress period (pre-stress, stress, post-stress). A combined sleep disturbance and predator stressor was administered over a 2 week period. The sleep disturbance stressor was administered daily during the animals’ sleep period. The predator stress was administered intermittently during the animals’ active period. This
Drug and Herb induced liver injury : a short review

Chemical induced liver injury is a pathological condition caused by diver’s medications and other xenobiotics, leading to deficiencies in liver functions with the elimination of other diagnosis. Liver injury is prevalent in the world and can result in serious clinical outcome and has possibly fatal outcome. Chemical induced liver injury has an estimated annual incidence 10-15 per 10,000-100,000 patients received several prescription medications. The kind of liver injury are almost 10% cases with acute hepatitis, and is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States. Also, liver injury appeared after approval for marketing has restricted the use of many drugs (e.g., isoniazid, labetalol, and felbamate). Therefore, especially drug-induced liver injury is currently the major reason for discontinuation of a new compound in development or for withdrawal of a successfully launched drug from the market. In this review, we researched that mechanisms of liver injury with drugs and herbal preparations, and potential risks have been reported.
Textures in Partially Solidified Crystalline Nodules: a Window into the Pore Structure of Slowly Cooled Mafic Intrusions

Abundant glass is present along grain boundaries in coarse-grained, glass-bearing, crystalline gabbroic and peridotitic nodules entrained and erupted in lavas from Iceland, Santorini and Mauna Loa (Hawaii), even when the total porosity is less than a few volume per cent. The glass films vary from a few microns to a few tens of microns thick, and are associated with strings of small lensoid grain boundary pockets formed by impingement during crystal growth. Additional porosity occurs as extensive liquid-filled pockets adjacent to included grains within oikocrysts and as large triangular pockets formed by impingement of planar-sided grains. Interstitial material within glass films, and the irregularity of film thickness along a single grain boundary, suggest that the present pore structure is representative of the pore structure before entrainment and eruption. Pore geometry is consistent with a dominant control by crystal growth during solidification, with little or no evidence for control by minimization of internal energies driven by textural equilibration. Similarities between liquid distribution in the crystalline nodules and that of late-stage, interstitial phases in fully solidified mafic cumulates from the Rum and Skaergaard intrusions demonstrate that the crystalline nodules provide information about the latest stages of solidification in slowly cooled mafic plutons. The highly permeable network of intersecting liquid films, lenses and pockets may promote in situ crystallization in the solidifying mush, explaining the common presence of adcumulates in such intrusions.
and reduces

Forebrain overexpression of CaMKII abolishes cingulate long term depression mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. Abstract Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is known to be important in learning and memory, persistent pain and drug addiction. Glutamate NMDA receptor activation stimulates several protein kinases, which then trigger biochemical cascades that lead to modifications in synaptic efficacy. Genetic and pharmacological techniques have been used to show a role for Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, it is not known if increasing CaMKII activity in forebrain areas affects behavioral responses to tissue injury. Using genetic and pharmacological techniques, we were able to temporally and spatially restrict the over expression of CaMKII in forebrain areas. Here we show that genetic overexpression of CaMKII in the mouse forebrain selectively inhibits tissue injury-induced behavioral sensitization, including allodynia and hyperalgesia, while behavioral responses to acute noxious stimuli remain intact. CaMKII overexpression also inhibited synaptic depression induced by a prolonged repetitive stimulation in the ACC, suggesting an important role for CaMKII in the regulation of cingulate neurons. Our results suggest that neuronal CaMKII activity in the forebrain plays a role in persistent pain.
A Study of Persistence in the Land-Atmosphere System Using a General Circulation Model and Observations

Abstract Persistence in the land–atmosphere system simulated with the National Center for Atmosphere Research Community Climate Model Version 2 (CCM2) coupled with the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) is examined. BATS simulates various vegetation and soil types and explicitly predicts soil temperature. Thus, it is well equipped to study persistence in different climatic regions, and to compare the relative importance of soil hydrological and thermal processes. An evaluation of a 10-yr simulation produced with CCM2–BATS indicates that this coupled model is able to reproduce the observed spatial patterns of soil moisture and soil temperature in China. Also, the magnitude of these two soil variables in the simulation are, in general, close to observations. The major exception is soil temperature during wintertime. Analysis of this simulation indicates a significant persistence in soil moisture and soil temperature. The timescales of the persistence are of the order of months to seasons. In compar.
URGCP/URG4 promotes apoptotic resistance in bladder cancer cells by activating NF-κB signaling

Cisplatin is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent, it could cause DNA damage and induce apoptotic cell death, but the cisplatin resistance also appears, it's important to reveal the mechanisms of cisplatin resistance [1]. URGCP/URG4 is overexpressed in various tumors and plays critical role during tumor development. We found URGCP/URG4 was upregulated in bladder cancer cells and tissues, URGCP/URG4 overexpression increased the resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer, and promoted anti-apoptotic genes expression, such as Bcl-2, Survivin, MCL-1, FLIP, and downregulated Caspase-3 expression, Knockdown of URGCP/URG4 decreased the resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and inhibited anti-apoptotic genes expression, such as Bcl-2, Survivin, MCL-1, FLIP, and upregulated Caspase-3 expression. Mechanism analysis found URGCP/URG4 activated NF-κB pathway which is a well-known anti-apoptotic pathway and promoted the expression of NF-κB targeted genes. So we speculated URGCP/URG4 regulates cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activating NF-κB pathway. We also analyzed the correlation between URGCP/URG4 expression and clinical clinicopathologic, and found its expression was positively correlated with bladder cancer progression, it can serve as a valuable prognostic factor. In summary, URGCP/URG4 promotes the resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by activating NF-κB pathway, and is an unfavorable prognostic factor for bladder cancer.
Suitability of Requirements Abstraction Model (RAM) Requirements for High-Level System Testing

In market-driven requirements engineering requirements are elicited from various internal and external sources. These sources may include engineers, marketing teams, customers etc. This results in a collection of requirements at multiple levels of abstractions. The Requirements Abstraction Model (RAM) is a Market Driven Requirements Engineering (MDRE) model that helps in managing requirements by organizing them at four levels (product, feature, function and component) of abstraction. The model is adaptable and can be tailored to meet the needs of the various organizations e.g. number of abstraction levels can be changed according to the needs of the organization. Software requirements are an important source of information when developing high-level tests (acceptance and system level tests). In order to place a requirement on a suitable level, workup activities (producing abstraction or breaking down a requirement) can be performed on the requirement. Such activities on the requirements can affect the test cases designed from them. Organizations willing to adopt the RAM need to know the suitability of the RAM requirements for designing high-level tests. This master thesis analyzes the requirements at product, feature, function and component level to evaluate their suitability for supporting the creation of high-level system test. This analysis includes designing test cases from requirements at different levels and evaluating how much of the information needed in the test cases is available in the RAM requirements. Test cases are graded on a 5 to 1 scale according to the level of detail they contain, 5 for better detailed and 1 for very incomplete. Twenty requirements have been selected for this document analysis; twenty requirements contain five requirements from each level (product, feature, function and component). Organizations can utilize the results of this study, while making decision to adopt the RAM model. Decomposition of the tests developed from the requirements is another area that has been explored in this study. Test decomposition involves dividing tests into sub-tests. Some benefits of the test decomposition include better resource utilization, meet time-to-market and better test prioritization. This study explores how tests designed from the RAM requirements support test decomposition, and help in utilizing above listed benefits of the test decomposition.
Calculations on the electrical development of a small thunderstorm

Data obtained in airborne studies of a small thundercloud (Gardiner et al., 1985; Dye et al., 1986) have been examined in terms of the noninductive mechanism (Jayaratne et al., 1983; Saunders and Jayarante, 1986; Baker et al., 1987). Crude calculations are consistent with the observation that only a few percent of ice hydrometeors carry detectable charges. They reproduce the observed particle charges reasonably well. They suggest that this mechanism can explain the observed electrical development, and predict that most of the charge in thunderstorms is carried on particles greater than about 0.2 mm in size.
THE SINGULARITY: HOW TO SURVIVE IN THE POST-HUMAN ERA

Within thirty years, we will have the technological means to create superhuman intelligence. Shortly after, the human era will be ended. Is such progress avoidable? If not to be avoided, can events be guided so that we may survive? These questions are investigated. Some possible answers (and some further dangers) are presented.
Calcium‐poor dolomite from the sabkhas of Kuwait

Small quantities of a rare Ca-deficient dolomite have been found coexisting in thin layers and alternating with the normal Ca-rich variety in the Holocene sabkhas of southern Kuwait. The Ca-poor dolomite has a molar composition of Ca46–49, whereas the Ca-rich type is Ca51–56. The former type has been found only in two localities of the supratidal zone that are not subjected to tidal flooding today, and mostly within the fluctuating ground-water table in these zones. The thin layers are either carbonate mud-rich or pellet-rich, and the amount of Ca-poor dolomite is never more than 4 to 6 per cent by weight of the total carbonate fraction. The dolomites vary in size between 2 μm and 5 μm and exhibit characteristic rhombic crystal morphologies.
Financial Stability in the United Kingdom: Banking on Prudence

The UK financial market has been severely affected by the recent financial crisis. The crisis has exposed weaknesses in the supervisory framework as well as that for crisis management and resolution. This paper reviews the supervisory and regulatory framework and the many reforms that have already been adopted to remedy these weaknesses. It also provides recommendations for further reforms. This Working Paper relates to the 2009 Economic Survey of the United Kingdom (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/uk). Stabilite financiere au Royaume-Uni : miser sur la prudence Le marche financier britannique a ete severement touche par la crise financiere. Celle-ci a mis en evidence de nombreuses faiblesses des mecanismes de controle et des dispositifs de gestion et de resolution des crises. Le present chapitre examine le cadre de controle et de reglementation, ainsi que les nombreuses reformes qui ont deja ete adoptees pour remedier a ses faiblesses. Il s’acheve par des recommandations concernant de nouvelles reformes. Ce document de travail se rapporte a l'Etude economique de l'OCDE sur le Royaume-Uni 2009 (www.oecd.org/eco/etudes/uk).
Otoacoustic Emissions

In this chapter, we present a very special kind of acoustic emissions, coming from inside the cochlea and generated along the basilar membrane by the electro-motile (active) vibrations of outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. They are called OtoAcoustic Emissions (OAE) and are detected in the ear canal by means of microphones which are usually assembled as part of earphone-like probes. Since their discovery by Kemp [1], the study of otoacoustic emissions has become an hot topic both in basic and clinical research, due to OAE unique feature to inform directly about the normal and pathological functions of the cochlear receptors mecha‐ nisms, thus like the efficiency of the middle ear transmission chain.
Placental growth factor, a member of the VEGF family, contributes to the development of choroidal neovascularization.

PURPOSE VEGF has been shown to be necessary, but not sufficient alone, for the development of subretinal pathologic angiogenesis. In the current study, the influence of placental growth factor (PlGF), a member of the VEGF family, in human and experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was investigated. METHODS The presence of VEGF family member mRNA was evaluated by RT-PCR in neovascular membranes extracted during surgery. The spatial and temporal pattern of VEGF isoforms and PlGF mRNA expression were explored by using the laser capture catapulting technique and RT-PCR in a murine laser-induced model and in vitro. PlGF expression was also studied in human donor eyes. The influence of endogenous PlGF was evaluated in deficient mice (PlGF(-/-)) and by antibody-mediated neutralization of the PlGF receptor. RESULTS Human neovascular membranes consistently expressed VEGF-A, -B, and -C; PlGF; and VEGFR-1 and -2. The VEGF(120) isoform mRNA was primarily induced in early stages of angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. PlGF mRNA expression was present in the intact choroid and significantly upregulated during the course of experimental CNV. Both deficient PlGF expression in PlGF(-/-) mice and PlGF receptor neutralization in wild-type mice prevented the development of choroidal neovascularization induced by laser. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate the participation of PlGF in experimental CNV. They identify therefore PlGF as an additional promising target for ocular antiangiogenic strategies.
What Can We Learn from Trait Theories and Charismatic-Transformational Leadership ? : A Note to Develop Personal Career Strategies

This study examines how personal strategies for career advancement and leadership skills can be developed by drawing a red line from the trait theories of leadership and charismatic-transformational leadership. Shackleton’s experience will provide an important example and reinforce those two theories which suggest that no leadership theories can be applied in isolation and that directly or indirectly, those theories will be manifested in a successful leader. Some challenges to the future leadership are examined in order to develop some personal career strategies that may be applicable for future careers. Five strategies (personal vision, personal development, mentoring, team building, and learning and change) of future leadership career are finally suggested. The first two strategies deal with the development of personal leadership started by setting a personal mission which inspires the development of personal leadership qualities. The next two strategies, mentoring and team-building are intended to incorporate the personal leadership into an organisational setting and make the leadership meaningful for other people. Finally, it can be inferred that those four strategies are not sufficient in a turbulent and dynamic environment and thus the last strategy is required to enhance the leaders’ ability to stimulate learning and change in the organisation.
The Matthew Effect and Modern Finance: On the Nexus between Wealth Inequality, Financial Development and Financial Technology

This paper analyses the role of financial development and financial technology in driving inequality in (returns to) wealth. Using micro data from the Survey on Household Income and Wealth (SHIW) conducted by the Bank of Italy for the period 1991-2016, we find evidence of the "Matthew effect" - a capacity of wealthy households to achieve higher returns than other households. With an instrumental variable approach, we find that financial development (number of bank branches) and financial technology (use of remote banking) both have a positive association with households' financial wealth and financial returns. While households of all wealth deciles benefit from the effects of financial development and financial technology, these benefits are larger when moving towards the top of the wealth distribution. Still, the economic significance of this gap fell in the last part of the sample period, as remote banking became more widespread.