Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Data Structure for the Interactive Exploration of Public Transportation Networks

Abstract. To understand the quality of a public transportation network, map-based visualizations are the first choice. Since the network quality depends on the transportation schedule, the visualization interface should also incorporate time. In this work, we provide such an interface where users can filter the data for time windows. When a user queries for a certain time window, we display all network segments that are traversed by at least θ means of public transportation, e.g., buses in the time window on the map.Since such transportation networks can contain a high number of network segments, testing each network segment at the moment when the user specifies the time-window query is not fast enough. We investigate an approach to provide the query result in real time. Our contribution is a data structure that answers such arbitrary time-window queries from the user interface. The data structure is based on a tree structure which is augmented with further information. To evaluate our data structure, we perform experiments on real-world data. With our data structure, we answer time-window queries in at most 25 milliseconds whereas testing each network segment on-demand takes at least 60 milliseconds for the data set that has 102599 road segments.
Antioxidant Defense of Mytilus galloprovincialis Mussels Induced by Marine Heatwaves in Correlation with Marteilia Pathogen Presence

Background: The effects of climate change negatively affect marine bivalves’ health. Lately, the intensity of marine heatwaves poses serious threats to the aquatic environment setting of high-risk bivalve farming. Since temperature increases can jeopardize bivalves’ immunity response, pathogen infection becomes more evident. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, increased during the process of phagocytosis, is confronted by the animals’ antioxidant defense system. However, apart from pathogenic infections, antioxidant defense responses are also induced by seawater temperature increases; Methods: To enlighten the antioxidant status of Mytilus galloprovincialis originating from mortality events enhanced by intense heatwaves in Thermaikos Gulf, northern Greece, along with Marteilia refringens infection, we examined the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense (catalase, CuSOD and mt10) along with the lipid peroxidation levels and activity levels of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD and glutathione reductase); Results: Our results exhibited increased levels of all these biomarkers. This increase was intensified in the Marteilia infected individuals; Conclusions: Our findings shed light on the oxidative and antioxidant status of farmed mussels led to mortality in the context of Marteilia infection. The latter is augmented by the synergistic effect of heatwaves causing a significant increase in oxidative damage and subsequent antioxidant defense.
Simulation of Coherent Electromagnetic Waves in Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Transmission

This study analyzes the application of Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in fiber optic networks which aims to find the wavelength, WDM optical spectrum and modes, as well as the CPR estimated phase and modes. In this study WDM allows the simultaneous transmission of different data streams through a single optical fiber, using different wavelengths. This research was conducted using the python OptiCommPy module. This module is used to perform modeling of complex optical fiber transmission systems by considering the various parameters and disturbances involved in optical transmission. The results obtained from this study are that WDM networks can use full or limited wavelength conversion, depending on the wavelength conversion capability of each network node. Whereas multifiber networks use fiber pools between network nodes, and multifiber WDM networks can be implemented without or with full wavelength conversion. This research can be a guide for designing coherent electromagnetic waves in WDM transmissions using the OptiCommPy python module.
Six Functions of Respiration: Isn’t It Time to Take Control over ROS Production in Mitochondria, and Aging Along with It?

Cellular respiration is associated with at least six distinct but intertwined biological functions. (1) biosynthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate, (2) consumption of respiratory substrates, (3) support of membrane transport, (4) conversion of respiratory energy to heat, (5) removal of oxygen to prevent oxidative damage, and (6) generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as signaling molecules. Here we focus on function #6, which helps the organism control its mitochondria. The ROS bursts typically occur when the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) becomes too high, e.g., due to mitochondrial malfunction, leading to cardiolipin (CL) oxidation. Depending on the intensity of CL damage, specific programs for the elimination of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy), whole cells (apoptosis), or organisms (phenoptosis) can be activated. In particular, we consider those mechanisms that suppress ROS generation by enabling ATP synthesis at low MMP levels. We discuss evidence that the mild depolarization mechanism of direct ATP/ADP exchange across mammalian inner and outer mitochondrial membranes weakens with age. We review recent data showing that by protecting CL from oxidation, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants decrease lethality in response to many potentially deadly shock insults. Thus, targeting ROS- and CL-dependent pathways may prevent acute mortality and, hopefully, slow aging.
Pedestrian Access to Transit: Identifying Redundancies and Gaps Using a Variable Service Area Analysis

Identifying the percentage of the population being served by a transit system in a metropolitan region is a key performance measure. This performance measure depends mainly on the definition of service area. Observing existing service areas can help in identifying existing gaps and redundancies in transit system. In the public transit industry, 400 meter (0.25 miles) buffers around bus stops and 800 meters (0.5 miles) around rail stations are commonly used to identify the area from which most transit users will access the system by foot. This research paper uses detailed origin-destination survey information to generate variable service areas that defines walking catchment areas around transit services in the Montreal region. The 400 and 800 meters service areas are greatly underestimating current coverage around transit stations. The 85th percentile walking distance to bus transit service is around 550 meters from the origin and 660 meters to the destination. A statistical model is generated to estimate walking distances to transit stations. Walking distances vary based on household and personal characteristics, trip characteristics (especially the headway), type of transit (metro, commuter rail, and bus services), and route characteristics (stop spacing). Accordingly, service areas around transit stations should vary based on the type of service being offered. The generated service areas derived from the statistical model are then used to identify gaps and redundancies in the existing transit network in Montreal region. Finally, detailed analysis examining overlapping service areas along two specific routes shows the usefulness of variable service areas in identifying areas where potential stop spacing revisions can be possible without losing coverage.
Latest Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Mississippi River delta region

Previous researchers separated the uppermost Quaternary stratigraphy of the Mississippi River delta region into two major lithofacies. The stratigraphically lower of these, “substratum,” primarily consists of coarse-grained sediment deposited within lowstand-incised stream valleys. Relatively finer-grained “topstratum” overlies substratum; above interfluves, topstratum directly overlies weathered late Pleistocene sediments. However, the onshore to offshore distribution and architecture of these lithofacies was not well constrained. This study integrates published and unpublished lithostratigraphic data with high-resolution seismic profiles from the continental shelf to aid in mapping the regional distribution of major substratum deposits and thickness of topstratum sediments. A transgressive sand sheet commonly marks the base of the topstratum deposits, providing a stratigraphic marker to aid in regional lithostratigraphic correlations. Radiocarbondated deposits and boreholes tied to oxygen isotope chronologies provide chronostratigraphic control. Excellent correlation between these multiple datasets has been found to exist, enabling construction of regional isopachous and structural elevation maps and cross sections detailing elements of the Late Quaternary stratigraphy.
Comparative cryopreservation of bovine and porcine primary hepatocytes

The isolation of primary hepatocytes from liver tissue of farm animals yields a very high number of cells, and a part of them can be stored by cryopreservation for future experiments. As no experience exists with the cryopreservation of hepatocytes from cattle, our study aimed at the cryopreservation of bovine hepatocytes by use of different protocols compared with the cryopreservation of hepatocytes from pig. We tested different freezing media (William’s Medium E vs. University of Wisconsin solution), cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide with vs. without trehalose as additional additive), freezing systems (standard freezing container vs. controlled-rate freezer) and freezing times (4 vs. 28 d). These tests identified a general influence of species and freezing systems, whereas the influence of freezing media, trehalose additive and freezing time was less or not obvious. In this regard, we determined a mean recovery of 30% of bovine hepatocytes and 55% of porcine hepatocytes cryopreserved in a controlled-rate freezer, whereas the rates were about 10% less when hepatocytes were frozen in a standard freezing container. In accordance with this observation, the cultivation of cryopreserved hepatocytes from cattle was less effective than that of porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from cattle can be successfully cryopreserved and partially cultured after cryopreservation but with lower percentage than porcine hepatocytes.
In-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethyl acetate extract of Holigarna ferruginea

Higher plants have long been used as traditional medicines to treat human ailments. Approximately 80% of people worldwide utilize plants as safe sources of medicines to heal human diseases via a totally new medicinal system. Holigarna ferruginea is an indigenous medicinal tree plant in the Anacardiaceae family. The plant has a wide range of physiologically active chemicals. GC-MS was used to screen phytochemical substances, while FTIR was used to identify functional groups. GC-MS study revealed 10 major bioactive phytochemical substances that belong to functional groups such as secondary amines, alcohols, ethers, esters, carboxylic acids, and anhydrides. These diverse active phytochemicals have been discovered to have a wide range of actions that may aid in the prevention of illnesses. Higher quantities of phytochemical substances were found in ethyl acetate extracts of leaves. As a result, the extract possesses anticancer and antioxidant activities against Humans Breast cell lines (MCF-7). The viability was reduced when the concentrations of the ethyl acetate extract of H. ferruginea leaves were increased and it may help in the discovery of an ideal therapeutic agent in novel drugs as well as nutritional supplements.
The Role of Glial Cells in Different Phases of Migraine: Lessons from Preclinical Studies

Migraine is a complex and debilitating neurological disease that affects 15% of the population worldwide. It is defined by the presence of recurrent severe attacks of disabling headache accompanied by other debilitating neurological symptoms. Important advancements have linked the trigeminovascular system and the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide to migraine pathophysiology, but the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and chronification remain unknown. Glial cells are essential for the correct development and functioning of the nervous system and, due to its implication in neurological diseases, have been hypothesised to have a role in migraine. Here we provide a narrative review of the role of glia in different phases of migraine through the analysis of preclinical studies. Current evidence shows that astrocytes and microglia are involved in the initiation and propagation of cortical spreading depolarization, the neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura. Furthermore, satellite glial cells within the trigeminal ganglia are implicated in the initiation and maintenance of orofacial pain, suggesting a role in the headache phase of migraine. Moreover, microglia in the trigeminocervical complex are involved in central sensitization, suggesting a role in chronic migraine. Taken altogether, glial cells have emerged as key players in migraine pathogenesis and chronification and future therapeutic strategies could be focused on targeting them to reduce the burden of migraine.
The Search for WIMPs Continues

Among the hypothetical particles proposed to explain dark matter are weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). According to models, WIMPs and their antiparticles fell out of thermal equilibrium soon after the big bang and ceased being spontaneously produced. The fraction that survived self-annihilation lived on. Two teams, LUX ZEPLIN and XENONnT, have just reported the first results of their searches for WIMPs whose masses exceed the proton’s by a factor of 10 andmore, a range that’s consistent with models of cosmic evolution [1, 2]. Neither team recorded a detection. However, their constraints in their overlapping mass ranges are the most stringent yet.
The Cross-Section of Volatility and Expected Returns

We examine the pricing of aggregate volatility risk in the cross-section of stock returns. Consistent with theory, we find that stocks with high sensitivities to innovations in aggregate volatility have low average returns. In addition, we find that stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility relative to the Fama and French (1993) model have abysmally low average returns. This phenomenon cannot be explained by exposure to aggregate volatility risk. Size, book-to-market, momentum, and liquidity effects cannot account for either the low average returns earned by stocks with high exposure to systematic volatility risk or for the low average returns of stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility.
Smart Garment: A Long-Term Feasible, Whole-Body Textile Pressure-Sensing System

Tactile sensation is important for human beings that equips the whole-body surface. To understand what kind of force distribution our bodies might sense, we created a set of pressure-sensing garment consisting of a sweater and trousers, which provides 1952 sensing points and covers 80% of the body surface evenly. As our skin works days and nights, an ideal pressure acquisition system for such purpose shall also feature both high temporal coverage and population coverage, casting simultaneous demands on wearability, durability, and affordability. Special cares were, thus, given to all design procedures, from material selection, sensor structure, and electronic-driving architecture to garment design. The capability of this smart garment in obtaining rich information about both the wearer and the environment is then demonstrated, including and not limited to the recognition of postures, self-contacts, object contacts, and interactions.
Prevalence and Determinants of Caesarean Section in a Private Health Facility: A Cross-sectional Study

Emergency obstetric care (EmOC) has dramatically lowered the maternal death rate in Bangladesh since the early 1990s. Rising caesarean section rates over the past ten years have had an impact on the nation's economy in addition to other signs of better mother care. According to demographic and health surveys, caesarean section rates increased from 3.5% in 2004 to 23% in 2014. Women who become pregnant after 35 years, live in cities, have a higher level of education and frequently use antenatal services have a greater average annual rate of prevalence in caesarean sections. The objective was to assess the indications and the trends of caesarean sections done over a two-month period. The study of prevalence and determinants of caesarean section was conducted in a renowned private hospital in Dhaka. Among 197 women who were admitted to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, the number of total deliveries was 175 (89% of total admission). The indications varied a little in cases of lower abdominal pain and preeclampsia. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) and breech have a small proportion (about 5% both). The proportion of repeated caesarean sections was 47%. Recently the indication of a maternal choice is also coming up (11%). The data were compared and analyzed to determine if the indications were significant enough for cesarean delivery. Although a caesarean section is currently a relatively safe obstetrical procedure, it is advised that the indications should be carefully evaluated in order to lower caesarean section rates. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 26(2): 195-203, 2023 (July)
Material budgets as an organising framework

Summary: Material budgets offer an organising principle for information about biophysical attributes andprocesses in the Land and Water Audit, by providing verifiable measures of the ongoingsustainability of the land and water resources of the nation.The approach in this Methods paper is different to that adopted in others, because the singlemethod proposed is a conceptual framework rather than a technique or group of techniques forgathering information 1 . For a material such as water, carbon, or a nutrient, the material budget is a statement of thebalance between three kinds of term: the change in store of the material within a region on alandscape; the flows of the material through the boundaries of the region; and the creation ordestruction of the material within the region by chemical or biological transformations. Mapsof material budgets can be produced at any spatial coverage from a small landscape element upto the continent, and at any spatial resolution consistent with data availability and processunderstanding. Material budgets are derived in practice from a combination of data, analysisand application of process models.When appropriately constructed and interpreted, material budgets can be used in the Audit:• to connect state and change – by providing a quantitative, spatially resolved connectionbetween ‘snapshot’ assessments of landscape states, and estimates of trends or changes inresponse to both natural and human-induced influences;• to rank ‘natural’ and ‘human-induced’ processes − by distinguishing major from minorinfluences on landscape state, in a spatially resolved way;• to measure ‘landscape health’ or ‘catchment health’ − by providing quantitative measuresof the biophysical aspects of these elusive notions;• to link directly with economic analyses – by quantifying biophysical resources, and theirchanges, in a way which links directly with resource economics.
Modélisation des interactions magma-encaissant : applications aux zones de stockage et aux conduits de volcans andésitiques

A travers deux champs d'etude, nous nous interessons au couplage mecanique entre le magma et l'encaissant, utilisant des methodes numeriques. Tout d'abord, nous etudions l'influence de perturbations de contraintes sur les reservoirs magmatiques, avec comme exemple deux volcans sous-glaciaires (Islande). Au volcan Grimsvotn, notre modele montre que les vidanges, du lac sous-glaciaire (jokulhlaup) present dans la caldera, peuvent declencher une eruption comme ce fut le cas en 2004, en favorisant la rupture du reservoir magmatique. L'effet est cependant faible, ce qui implique que le systeme magmatique doit deja etre proche des conditions de rupture avant que le jokulhlaup se produise. Au volcan Katla, notre modele indique que les conditions de rupture sont favorisees en ete durant la fonte du glacier Mýrdalsjokull. Les changements de contrainte de Coulomb montrent aussi une plus forte probabilite de seismes durant la meme periode, resultats en accord avec la sismicite enregistree sous le Mýrdalsjokull. Il existe une modulation a la fois de l'activite volcanique et sismique au Katla, en relation avec la variation saisonniere de la charge glaciaire. Dans un second temps, nous travaillons sur les ecoulements de magma dans les conduits andesitiques. Ameliorer nos connaissances sur la dynamique du magma durant son ascension est necessaire, car les processus dans le conduit volcanique semblent gouverner l'evolution de l'activite eruptive de ces volcans. Des precedents modeles ont montre que la viscosite du magma augmente dans la partie superieure du conduit lors de l'ecoulement, ce qui cause la formation d'un plug visqueux. Mais la relation entre la mise en place du plug et les signaux precurseurs, telles que la deformation ou la sismicite, n'est pas totalement etablie. A partir de nos modeles de plug, nous trouvons que les deplacements de surface sont controles par la geometrie du conduit et du plug ainsi que le contraste de viscosite entre le plug et la colonne de magma. Nous montrons que l'evolution de la taille du plug est une hypothese possible pour expliquer les rapides transitions inflation/subsidence observees a la surface des volcans andesitiques.
Converging Channel Attention Mechanisms with Multilayer Perceptron Parallel Networks for Land Cover Classification

This paper proposes a network structure called CAMP-Net, which considers the problem that traditional deep learning algorithms are unable to manage the pixel information of different bands, resulting in poor differentiation of feature representations of different categories and causing classification overfitting. CAMP-Net is a parallel network that, firstly, enhances the interaction of local information of bands by grouping the spectral nesting of the band information and then proposes a parallel processing model. One branch is responsible for inputting the features, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference water index (NDWI) band information generated by grouped nesting into the ViT framework, and enhancing the interaction and information flow between different channels in the feature map by adding the channel attention mechanism to realize the expressive capability of the feature map. The other branch assists the network’s ability to enhance the extraction of different feature channels by designing a multi-layer perceptron network based on the utilization of the feature channels. Finally, the classification results are obtained by fusing the features obtained by the channel attention mechanism with those obtained by the MLP to achieve pixel-level multispectral image classification. In this study, the application of the algorithm was carried out in the feature distribution of South County, Yiyang City, Hunan Province, and the experiments were conducted based on 10 m Sentinel-2 multispectral RS images. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of the algorithm proposed in this paper is 99.00% and the transformer (ViT) is 95.81%, while the performance of the algorithm in the Sentinel-2 dataset was greatly improved for the transformer. The transformer shows a huge improvement, which provides research value for developing a land cover classification algorithm for remote sensing images.