Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Collaboration with the Architectural Design Process: Co-Development of Problems and Solutions

This research aims to investigate what a possible framework design research can be integrated withthe architectural-design process. The process of design embodies dialectics between generation of form andresearch. How strategic design research is cooperative into design processes to achieve the design solutionhas been barely examined in a broad range of the architectural-design practices. The study thus explores acomparative analysis of the design processes in different design practice between third-year architecture students,fifth-year architecture students, and architects, to examine various forms of design research taking place infinding and solving problems.Findings reveal that design research lies in investigative modes and processing of external knowledgerelevant to problems, thereby enabling for a decisive solution. Research cooperates with the design process aslearning tensions between problems and solutions. However, the problem-solution pairing and research takingplace do not promise the successful solution. The acceptable design unfolds continuous improvement betweena series of problems-solutions through which research induces the co-development of problems-solutionsframework from an abstract idea to concrete levels of design development in three situations: “understandingcriteria and formulating goals,” “exploring possibility,” and “examining reality. ” Moreover, practitioners mostly drawupon more design visions to direct problem-framing, research, and working methods to meet design goals thannovice students operate research into the process of design.To effectively implement research into the design process, a designer could consider design activity asa critical learning process as the co-development of problems-solutions framework to operate design strategiesand thinking. This mode of design thinking will allow design research roles to collaborate with problem-framingand design methods into the design process.
CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4 and MRPL3 Are Four Novel Hub Genes Involved in Breast Cancer Development and Progression

BackgroundAs a highly prevalent tumor disease worldwide, Further elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the occurrence, development and prognosis of breast cancer remain an urgent need. Identifying hub genes involved in these pathogenesis and progression can potentially help to unveil its mechanism and provide novel diagnostic and prognostic markers for breast cancer.MethodsIn this study, we systematically integrated multiple bioinformatic methods, including robust rank aggregation (RRA), functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks construction and analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), ROC and Kaplan-Meier analyses, DNA methylation analyses and genomic mutation analyses, GSEA and GSVA, based on ten mRNA datasets to identify and investigate novel hub genes involved in breast cancer. In parallel, RNA in situ detection technology was applied to validate those novel hub gene.ResultsEZH2 was recognized as a key gene by PPI network analysis. CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4 and MRPL3 were identified as four novel hub genes through the WGCNA analysis and literate search. Among those five hub genes, many studies on EZH2 gene in breast cancer have been reported, but no studies are related to the roles of CENPL, ISG20L2, MRPL3 and LSM4 in breast cancer. These novel four hub genes were up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and associated with tumor progression. ROC and Kaplan-Meier indicated these four hub genes all showed good diagnostic performance and prognostic values for breast cancer. The preliminary analysis revealed those novel hub genes are four potentially candidate genes for further exploring the molecular mechanism of breast cancer.ConclusionWe identify four novel hub genes (CENPL, ISG20L2, MRPL3, and LSM4) that are likely playing key roles in the molecular mechanism of occurrence and development of breast cancer. Those hub genes are four potentially candidate genes served as promising candidate diagnostic biomarkers and prognosis predictors for breast cancer, and their exact functional mechanisms in breast cancer deserve further in-depth study.
Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets

Research into minimum income standards and reference budgets around the world is compared in this illuminating book. From countries with long established research traditions to places where it is relatively new, the book sets out the different aims and objectives of investigations into the minimum needs and requirements of populations, and the historical contexts, theoretical frameworks and methodological issues that lie behind each approach. For policymakers, practitioners and social policy and poverty academics, this essential review of learnings to date and future prospects for research is all the more relevant in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, testing health and social protection systems around the globe.
Temperature Insensitive and Radiation Hard Photonics

Abstract : This investigation examines the durability of the Quantum Dot Mode-Locked Laser (QDMLL) for use in extreme environments where ionizing radiation is a threat. These QDMLLs are fabricated using dots-in-a-well (DWELL) epitaxial structures, which utilize the unique properties of 2D and 3D quantum structures to achieve low-threshold current density in an exceptionally durable gain medium. The research at the University of New Mexico summarized in this report details the radiation hardness of the mode-locking characteristics of the lasers themselves. We show that the devices tested continue to perform well even after being dosed with sufficient ionizing radiation to simulate a long mission at geostationary orbit altitudes.
State of the Art Survey of Commercial Software for Supply Chain Design

We conducted a survey on state of the art of commercial software for supply chain design from December, 2008 to August, 2009. We listed major 13 tools to be surveyed which are currently available on a commercial basis and collected and examined information on their latest technologies and functions through questionnaires to the vendors. Interviews and telephone conferences are held, if necessary, to verify the information. Through the survey, we found four essential areas where technologies support supply chain design; supply chain optimization model, optimization technologies, visual technologies and software technologies for installation, and major six streams that drive their functional evolution; data preparation support, modeling support, analysis and reporting support, international factors, carbon emission evaluation and inventory evaluation. Especially in terms of inventory evaluation, we observed that there are four approaches in practice to integrate supply chain network design with inventory placement. Based on the survey results, we perceived four possible directions for the future in supply chain design software development and business, which are hybridizing optimization and simulation, link with operational systems, more frequent redesign in more various situations, and change in business model.
An Introduction to Bioactivity of Fucoidan

Fucoidan is a polysaccharide, which is derived from brown algae and some marine invertebrates, consisting mainly of L-fucose and sulfate ester groups [1]. Fucoidan is particularly found in the cell wall of marine brown algae. This polysaccharide is named as fucoidin when it is derived from the first marine brown algae. Kylin gave Fucoidin in 1913. However, this name has been changed to fucoidan according to IUPAC rules [2]. Fucoidan related different studies have performed in the literature [1,2]. It has different bioactivities such as anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic, antiinflammatory, antitumoral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-hepatopathy, anti-uropathy, anti-inflammatory. These activities depend on the source of fucoidan samples taken from different species [1,2]. In addition, fucoidan is non-toxic or any adverse effects on the healthy tissues so that it can be used safety. There are many forms of fucoidan but the simplest molecular structure of fucoidan is obtained from Fucus vesiculosus consists mainly of 44.1% fucose, 26.3% sulphate and 31.1% ash and a small proportion of aminoglucose [3,4].
Perspectives from primary health care providers on supporting adolescents and young adults with chronic conditions transitioning to adult care: A descriptive qualitative study

Background: Transitioning from pediatric care to adult-oriented care at age 18 (the age of transfer in most countries and jurisdictions) is a complex process for adolescents and young adults affected by chronic physical health and/or mental health conditions. The role of primary health care providers for this population is poorly understood. Perspectives from these providers, such as family physicians and other members of the primary care team, have not been explored in depth. Methods: A total of 18 participants (e.g., family physicians, social workers, nurses) were recruited from 6 Primary Care Networks in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, and transcribed verbatim. A qualitative description approach was used to analyze the data, and included thematic analysis. Results: Five distinct, yet overlapping, roles of primary health care providers for adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult care resulted from our analysis: (1) being the “common thread” (continuous accessible care); (2) caring for the “whole patient” (comprehensive care); (3) “knowing families” (family-partnered care); (4) “empowering” adolescents and young adults to develop “personal responsibility” (developmentally-appropriate care); and (5) “quarterbacking” care (coordination of specialist and/or community-based care). Participants identified potential benefits of these roles for adolescents and young adults transitioning to adult care, and barriers in practice (e.g., lack of time, having minimal involvement in pediatric care). Conclusions: Input from family physicians, who follow their patients across the lifespan and provide the majority of primary care in Canada, are critical for informing and refining recommended transition practices. Our findings provide insights, from PHC providers themselves, to bolster the rationale for primary care involvement during transitions from pediatric specialty and community-based care for AYAs. Solutions to overcome barriers for integrating primary care and specialty care for adolescents and young adults need to be identified, and tested, with input from key stakeholders.
2-Player Game With Uncertainty to Protect Mission Critical Information Over Blue Networks

Abstract : This project uses game theory to develop a non-cooperative game with a defender and an intruder. The defender attempts to protect critical information on his system using the available resources efficiently while the intruder seeks to obtain that information without being detected by the defender. This defender will defend using a different combination of only three defensive resources: encryption, distributed data, and fake honeypots. By quantifying each defense, a cost function was developed to analyze the deployment of the defenses. MATLAB is used to optimize a cost function in order to create probability distributions to determine the best possible combination of defenses to use.
PRACTICAL DESIGN OF CONCRETE DIAPHRAGM WALLS

Diaphragm walls constructed by the slurry trench method achieve their greatest economy when it is possible to use them as part of the permanent underground structure. To use these support-of-excavation structures as permanent components of a structure, engineers must be assured of their compatibility with structures built in an open excavation. There should be consistent reliability in applied loads, levels of stress, watertightness, durability, and performance. It is suggested that the use of diaphragm walls of precast concrete panels can provide reliable strength and durability and that use of a cement bentonite grout on the backside of the diaphragm wall to displace excess slurry can meet waterproofing requirements. It is recommended that plastic analysis be combined with ultimate strength methods in the design of these walls to resolve the problem presented by the complicated residual stress patterns generated in the diaphragm wall by the construction processes of excavation; installation, prestressing, and removal of braces; and backfilling. In addition, use of a built-in hinge in the diaphragm wall at the lowest brace facilitates control of residual moments. This approach can satisfy the need for reliability in stress levels in the structure. A structure so designed and constructed will be compatible with one built in an open excavation. /Author/
Effective Connectivity during an Avoidance-Based Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer Task

Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to a phenomenon whereby a classically conditioned stimulus (CS) impacts the motivational salience of instrumental behavior. We examined behavioral response patterns and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based effective connectivity during an avoidance-based PIT task. Eleven participants (8 females; Mage = 28.2, SD = 2.8, range = 25–32 years) completed the task. Effective connectivity between a priori brain regions engaged during the task was determined using hemodynamic response function group iterative multiple model estimation (HRF-GIMME). Participants exhibited behavior that was suggestive of specific PIT, a CS previously associated with a reinforcing outcome increased instrumental responding directed at the same outcome. We did not find evidence for general PIT; a CS did not significantly increase instrumental responding towards a different but related outcome. Using HRF-GIMME, we recovered effective connectivity maps among corticostriatal circuits engaged during the task. Group-level paths revealed directional effects from left putamen to right insula and from right putamen to right cingulate. Importantly, a direct effect of specific PIT stimuli on blood–oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activity in the left putamen was found. Results provide initial evidence of effective connectivity in key brain regions in an avoidance-based PIT task network. This study adds to the literature studying PIT effects in humans and employing GIMME models to understand how psychological phenomena are supported in the brain.
Psychological Stress among Dental Students at Al-Iraqia University after Corona Virus Pandemic

Aim of the Study: Among undergraduate dental students at Al-Iraqia University after “Covid-19” pandemic, this study was done in order to evaluate the amount of psychological stress between them Materials and Method: By the use of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Psychological stress was evaluated among (305) students who asked to fill completely the supplied questionnaires Results: The highest level (22 3%) was found at the 1st stage, and generally among female higher than male, (60 9%) scored more than 3 on the (GHQ-12) vs (38 8%) for male, at p=0 05 which was considered to be statistically significant Conclusion: Despite the changes in the curriculum and the gradual increase in the number of students The different sources of stress from the year 2020 were mostly unaltered in our study To minimize stress among dental students during certain conditions further studies is needed © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications All rights reserved
Global Anthropogenic Heat as Source of Ices Disappearance; Consequences for the Future of Earth and Humanity

The relation between global warming and the role of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is confusing. Ocean level and atmospheric temperature rises are predicted dramatic in distant future whereas global ices disappearance is already dramatic and increasing. In this article, we called on the heat control machinery exploited in a refrigerator to show that water behaves as a refrigerant to manage solar and anthropogenic heats and also any heat generated from sources localized on Earth. Year 2018 was taken as example for quantitative evaluation of heat energy transfers involved in water phases and interphase exchanges. It was concluded that ice melting and evaporation-condensation equilibria are eﬃcient physical factors to ﬁght global warming. It is also shown that the pool of water present on Earth is progressively augmented by the water liberated parallel to CO2 during the combustion of fossil hydrocarbons in which it was stored millions years ago. Water as source of hydrogen may be an alternative to the sources of energy produced and consumed by humanity provided that heat-cycle assessment from cradle to grave complements the life cycle assessment favorably.
Permeation of organic contaminants through PVC pipes

Permeation of benzene, toluene, and trichloroethylene (TCE) through polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes from vapor and aqueous phases was investigated using pipe‐bottle tests, gravimetric sorption tests, and microscopic visualization tests. Vapors of the three compounds at saturated vapor pressures were found to permeate 1‐in. PVC pipes within 30 days; saturated aqueous solutions of benzene and TCE also permeated 1‐in. PVC pipes but at breakthrough times ranging from 60 to 240 days, depending on mixing conditions. For PVC pipes exposed to organic vapors that were in equilibrium with ∤ 40% v/v benzene or toluene in National Institute of Standards and Technology reference fuel and to water containing ∤ 60% of the aqueous solubility of benzene and toluene, insignificant sorption and no moving front were detected. Test results suggest that PVC pipe materials are an effective barrier against the permeation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in either gasoline vapors or gasoline‐contaminated groundwater at typical contaminated sites.
Etching techniques for thinning silicon wafers for ultra thin high efficiency IBC solar cells

High efficiency Interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells help reduce the area of solar panels needed to supply sufficient amount of energy for household consumption. We believe that a properly passivated IBC cell with the aid of light trapping schemes can maintain an efficiency of 20% even with thickness under 20μm. In this work, photolithography and etching techniques are used for deep etching of crystalline Silicon (cSi) wafer to a thickness less than 20 μm. Tetramethylammoniumhydroxide (TMAH) wet anisotropic etching and plasma based Reactive ion etching (RIE) are used with SPR 220-7.0 and SU-8 photoresists. SiO2 is used as making layer for TMAH etching. TMAH etch of a 4-inch c-Si wafer is done at a temperature of 80°C for 8 hours. RIE of a quarter of a 4-inch c-Si wafer is done for 3 hours using SF6 as reactive gas. A baseline photolithography process flow for SU-8 photoresist deposition was developed. The etch rates of TMAH etch techniques fall within the range of 0.3 – 0.45 μm/min and etch rates for Reactive ion etching fall within the range of 1.2 – 1.8 μm/min. The Reactive ion etching shows capability of achieving smaller thickness sizes with greater advantages than the TMAH etching technique.
ESD and latch up phenomena on advanced technology LSI

As packing density of LSI (Large Scale Integrated circuits) is increasing, device geometry has to be miniaturized. For advanced LSI such as 16-64 Mbit DRAM (dynamic random access memory), gate length of MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor becomes 0.3-0.5 micron. This scaling requires thin oxide film and shallow junction. On the other hand, it is well known that the scaling causes hot carrier induced degradation. To overcome this degradation, transistor structure change to LDD (Lightly Doped Drain) or operation voltage decrease are required. However, the operation voltage decrease causes device operation error due to S/N rate decrease. Furthermore, it is popular to divide power lines between internal circuit and I/O buffer near the power pad. These improvements concerning device structure and circuit layout cause several new ESD failure phenomena and decrease of latch up immunity on CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) devices. In this paper, analysis of these new phenomena and improvement technologies are described on advanced technology devices. Furthermore, the wafer level ESD test technique is described as a new evaluation method of transistor units.
REFLEKSI DAN TRANSFORMASI PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN AMAL USAHA PERSYARIKATAN MUHAMMADIYAH UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SYARIAH

Abstrak: Refleksi dan Transformasi Pengendalian Manajemen Amal Usaha Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah untuk Pengembangan Manajemen Berbasis Syariah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji model pengendalian manajemen pada amal usaha Muhammadiyah melalui pendekatan deskriptif dan analitis guna membentuk model sistem pengendalian manajemen (SPM) berbasis syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran praktik pengendalian manajemen pada amal usaha Muhammadiyah berdasarkan 4 dimensi pengendalian kotemporer memiliki banyak kelemahan. Praktik pengendalian manajemen di amal usaha Muhammadiyah menunjukkan hasil yang baik jika diukur menggunakan pendekatan value , culture control , figure , organisasi, dan personel. Dengan demikian, transformasi pengembangan pengendalian manajemen berbasis syariah dapat dilakukan dengan menggabungkan substansi nilai-nilai ajaran syariah kedalam perangkat pengendalian manajemen syariah. Abstract: Management Control Reflection and Transformation Amal Usaha Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah for Syariah Based Management Development. This research aims to analyze management control of Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah through descriptive and analytical approach to form syariah based management control. This research uses case study approach. The result shows that measurement of management control practice in Amal Usaha Muhammadiyah is based on 4 contemporary control dimensions that has many weaknesses. Management control practice shows good result if it is measured by using value, culture, control, figure, organisation and personnel approach. Therefore, management control development transformation based on syariah can be carried out by combining syariah values substance into syariah management control tools.