Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACCURACY PERCEIVED BY THE LANGUAGE OUTPUT-BASED TASK

This study has a purpose to find out the effectiveness of a task, which was exclusively invented for the study, on the students’ writing accuracy. The task, namely Language Output-based Task, is derived from the functions of the language output hypothesis proposed by (Swain, 1985). The three functions of language output are the noticing or triggering function, the hypothesis-testing function, and the metalinguistic or reflective function ((Swain, 1995);(Swain, M., and Lapkin, 1995). In her latest definition, Swain defines language output as an act of producing language either in form of speaking or writing (Swain, 1995). The study chose writing as the productive skill since the existing curriculum as this study conducted emphasized on accuracy in writing. In order to measure the students’ accuracy, the narrative text was involved in the study as it has a moderate level of language features. The samples of the study were the 60 first-year students of two different classes consisting of 30 students in each class. Since this is a pre-experimental study, it implemented pre test and post test to the experimental and control group. The pre and post test were created by involving the target text (i. e. narrative text). The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental group and the post-test scores of the control group. From its result, it was concluded that the Language Output-based task was effective to improve the students’ accuracy (Castro, C. and Wang, 2010; Izumi, 2002).
Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Characteristics and Regions of Hospital Locations and the Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage.

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is one of the contributing factors to maternal morbidity and mortality that in addition to maternal risk factors, may be related to other factors such as obstetric practice and clinical management of postpartum hemorrhage. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association of postpartum hemorrhage with characteristics and regions of hospital locations across the United States, as the outcomes may create opportunities to improve policies and protocols regarding PPH management more effectively. Method: A retrospective study was performed using the 2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Low-risk delivery hospitalizations involving the third stage of labor with an index for PPH were selected. Postpartum hemorrhage is further categorized as third-stage hemorrhage, delayed and secondary PPH, other immediate PPH, and postpartum coagulation defects. Pearson chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to compare and examine the associations of the risk of PPH and PPH sub-categories with hospital characteristics and regions. Results: Postpartum hemorrhage occurred in approximately 4% of the sample. Among postpartum cases, other immediate PPH was the most common (80%) cause of PPH cases. Results also revealed that hospitals in the West region had some of the strongest associations in an increased risk of PPH and third-stage hemorrhage, while hospitals owned by private investors had significant associations in decreased risk of all four PPH subcategories. Conclusion: The associations of the risk of PPH and some of the PPH subcategories were significantly varied across regions and hospital characteristics. Preliminary research is needed to determine whether these variations are due to obstetric practice and management or other factors to construct strategies and cost-effective intervention programs that can be tailored to patient characteristics, regions, and hospital types.
S0033291721004244jra 1..10

Background. Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) are risk factors for the development of psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia, particularly if associated with distress. As PLEs have been related to alterations in both white matter and cognition, we investigated whether cognition (g-factor and processing speed) mediates the relationship between white matter and PLEs. Methods.We investigated two independent samples (6170 and 19 891) from the UK Biobank, through path analysis. For both samples, measures of whole-brain fractional anisotropy (gFA) and mean diffusivity (gMD), as indications of white matter microstructure, were derived from probabilistic tractography. For the smaller sample, variables whole-brain white matter network efficiency and microstructure were also derived from structural connectome data. Results. The mediation of cognition on the relationships between white matter properties and PLEs was non-significant. However, lower gFA was associated with having PLEs in combination with distress in the full available sample (standardized β =−0.053, p = 0.011). Additionally, lower gFA/higher gMD was associated with lower g-factor (standardized β = 0.049, p < 0.001; standardized β =−0.027, p = 0.003), and partially mediated by processing speed with a proportion mediated of 7% ( p = < 0.001) for gFA and 11% ( p < 0.001) for gMD. Conclusions. We show that lower global white matter microstructure is associated with having PLEs in combination with distress, which suggests a direction of future research that could help clarify how and why individuals progress from subclinical to clinical psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, we replicated that processing speed mediates the relationship between white matter microstructure and g-factor.
LARVAL LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONS FOR SEVEN SPECIES OF NORTHWEST ATLANTIC

p.285-298. MITCHEI.I. ••1. R. 1975. A polyculture system for commercially important marine species with special reference to the lobster. H"mamsCllllerit'OIIII. <. III J. W. Avault.Jr. and R. Miller leditors). Proc. 6th Annu. Meet. World Mariculture Soc. p.249-259. MOHINl:. J. R. ANIl K. A. M'IIlIl"G. 1975. Succession of net biorou ling materia I and its roll' in the diet of pen-cultured chinook salmon. Prog. Fish· Cult. 37( ]);27-30. PHENTln:. E. F. 1975. Spot prawn culture: status and potential. III C. W. Nyegaard (editorl. Proceedings of a seminar on shellfish farming in Puget Sound. Oct. 7. 1975. Poulsbo. Wash. p. I-II. Wash. State Univ. Coli. Agric. Coop. Ext. Serv. Pullman. R~:NSEI. J. E . I\NIl E. F. PHE! 'TICE. 1977. First record ofa second mating and spawning of the spot prawn. Palldalll. < platycel"Os. in captivity. Fish. Bull . U.S. 75:648-649. WICKINS. J. F. 1972. Experiments on the culture of the spot prawn Palldallls platycel"Oll Brandt and the giant freshwater prawn Macrohrachillm m. <ellhl'r#ii Ide Man! Fish. Invest. Minist. Agric:. Fish. Food fG.B. I . Ser. II, 27151.23 p.
Evaulating Student Writing

Writing is a critical skill for success and automated tools for evaluating written documents are becoming commonplace. While numerous examples of automated writing feedback tools exist, most either fail to identify writing structure or exist as proprietary algorithms that are inaccessible to educators of under-funded schools thus disproportionately affecting a number of low-income and minority students. To address this, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is sponsoring a competition where NLP researchers get a chance to build a model to classify student writing into its key argumentative components, a difficult text classification problem that requires large, pretrained, state-of-the-art models. Our team presents several candidate models including a Longformer with Oversampling, and a combined Longformer and BigBird model, the best of which classified components with a 69.1% accuracy. You can find the open-source code for our experiments on GitHub: https://github.com/pythonicode/cs224n-final.
Exploitation of Geometry in Signal Processing and Sensing

Developments in hardware and massive sensors or transducers have quickly shifted many disciplines and applications from a scarcity of data to a deluge of data, presenting new challenges in signal processing of high-dimensional and large-scale datasets. One key insight is that the signals of interest often possess certain geometry, such that the information hidden in the signals usually exhibits a much lower dimension than that of the signals themselves. New hardware and sensor developments also offer new degrees of freedom in signal acquisition through design of pilot or probing sequences that are tuned to the underlying geometry of systems, which is defined by the choice of sensing sequences that optimizes the objective function of the system. The first half of this thesis presents algorithms take advantage of geometry in the form of sparsity and low rank representations to minimize complexity and increase system capability. Performance is evaluated both in theory and in experiments. Chapter 2 discusses compressive sensing and sparse signal processing using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, with applications to asynchronous multi-user detection in random access channels and diagnostic grade wireless ECG transmission and monitoring. Chapter 3 analyzes the sensitivity of compressive sensing to basis mismatch when the sparsity basis of the signal realized by the physics is differed from the one assumed in compressive sensing, and examines its implications for spectrum analysis and beamforming. Chapter 4 presents the Parallel Estimation and Tracking via Recursive Least Squares (PETRELS) algorithm for online estimation and tracking of a low-dimensional linear subspace from highly incomplete streaming data. The second half of this thesis presents deterministic sensing sequences for active sensing and wireless communications. Chapter 5 presents coordination schemes of the transmission of a pair of Golay complementary waveforms to suppress the range sidelobes in a desired Doppler interval using the Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence and its generalizations. Chapter 6 presents a family of minimum mean squared error (MMSE) optimal training sequences for channel state estimation in multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems.
A Study on the Mechanism of Cohort Effect on the Formation of National Identity among College Students

The lack of subjective awareness of national identity among young people is a common phenomenon in all countries. In this paper, we investigate the role of cohort effect in the formation of national identity among college students based on the theory of cohort effect. The results of the empirical study show that at the current stage, the formation of national identity within the group of Chinese college students mainly relies on the herding mechanism, followed by the competition mechanism and then the learning mechanism.
Plaque in Mice Cells in the Development of Atherosclerotic A Critical Function of Th17 Proinflammatory

Considerable evidence supports that the CD4 + T cell-mediated immune response contributes to the development of atherosclerotic plaque. However, the effects of Th17 cells on atherosclerosis are not thoroughly understood. In this study, we evaluated the production and function of Th17 and Th1 cells in atherosclerotic-susceptible ApoE 2 / 2 mice. We observed that the proportion of Th17 cells, as well as Th1, increased in atherosclerotic ApoE 2 / 2 mice compared with nonatherosclerotic wild-type littermates. In ApoE 2 / 2 mice with atherosclerosis, the expression of IL-17 and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor g t was substantially higher in the arterial wall with plaque than in the arterial wall without plaque. Increased Th17 cells were associated with the magnitude of atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE 2 / 2 mice. Importantly, treatment of ApoE 2 / 2 mice with neutralizing anti–IL-17 Ab dramatically inhibited the development of atherosclerotic plaque, whereas rIL-17 application signiﬁcantly promoted the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. These data demonstrate that Th17 cells play a critical role in atherosclerotic plaque formation in mice, which may have implications in patients with atherosclerosis. The Journal of Immunology , 2010, 185: 000–000. +
An Enhanced Long-term Blockchain Scheme Against Compromise of Underlying Cryptography

Blockchain is a decentralized ledger applying the peer-to-peer (P2P) network, cryptography and consensus mechanism over distributed network. Especially, the underlying cryptographic algorithms protect the blockchain integrity and data authenticity. However, it is well-known that every single algorithm is associated with a limited lifespan due to the increasing computational power of attackers. The compromise of algorithms directly leads to the compromise of blockchain validity. There are two existing long-term blockchain schemes dealing with this problem, but we observe that in these schemes: 1) the calculation of block hash values is not compatible with existing blockchains; 2) the hash transition procedure is only specifiedfromthefirstalgorithmtothesecondone,therearemultiple possibilitiestoimplementtheschemeforalongertime,someofthem mayleadtothefailureofthescheme;3)thesecurityoftheirschemes arenotformallyanalyzedandproved.Inthispaper,weproposean enhancedlong-termblockchainschemeasasolutiontoissue1and2, andweformallyprovethatourschemeissecurewithoutthelimita-tionofcryptographicalgorithms.Besides,weimplementourscheme, theresultsshowthatourhashtransitionprocedurecanbecompletedbetween20minutes(bestcase)andseveralhours(worstcase)for acurrentBitcoinandEthereumblockchain,whichisveryefficient.
2022 Source Labeled Unlabeled Belgium France Norway Validation China Target United States Canada UK Japan Mexico Extra

Machine learning systems deployed in the wild are often trained on a source distribution but deployed on a different target distribution. Unlabeled data can be a powerful point of leverage for mitigating these distribution shifts, as it is frequently much more available than labeled data and can often be obtained from distributions beyond the source distribution as well. However, existing distribution shift benchmarks with unlabeled data do not reflect the breadth of scenarios that arise in real-world applications. In this work, we present the WILDS 2.0 update, which extends 8 of the 10 datasets in the WILDS benchmark of distribution shifts to include curated unlabeled data that would be realistically obtainable in deployment. These datasets span a wide range of applications (from histology to wildlife conservation), tasks (classification, regression, and detection), and modalities (photos, satellite images, microscope slides, text, molecular graphs). The update maintains consistency with the original WILDS benchmark by using identical labeled training, validation, and test sets, as well as identical evaluation metrics. We systematically benchmark state-of-the-art methods that use unlabeled data, including domain-invariant, self-training, and self-supervised methods, and show that their success on WILDS is limited. To facilitate method development, we provide an open-source package that automates data loading and contains the model architectures and methods used in this paper. Code and leaderboards are available at https://wilds.stanford. edu.
Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Yam (Dioscorea batatas DECNE . ) on Thermal Treatment

: To better investigate the antioxidative property of thermal treatment yam (Dioscorea batatas DECNE.) in Korea, some established methods were used. 70% Methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform – methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v) extracts were collected. 70% Methanol extract exhibited stronger antioxidative activity evaluated by ferrous ion chelating activity, NO radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching assays. On the contrary, CM extract was the most effective in inhibiting linoleic acid peroxidation. Yam available in Korea was also analyzed for its bioactive compounds such as lycopene, chlorophyll a, b, tannin, phytic acid and total saponin contents. Total saponin was abundant in thermal treatment, which determined to be 42.52±1.88 mg/g. Based on the results obtained from this study, thermal treatment yam could be used as natural antioxidant source due to its high antioxidant activity and bioactive compound contents.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES INFORMATION DISCLOSURE THROUGH AGENTS: EVIDENCE FROM A FIELD EXPERIMENT Hunt Allcott

With a large nationwide retailer, we run a natural field experiment to measure the effects of energy use information disclosure, rebates, and sales agent incentives on demand for energy efficient durable goods. Sales incentives and rebates are complementary, but information and sales incentives alone have statistically and economically insignificant effects. Sales agents comply only partially with the experiment, targeting information at the most interested consumers but not discussing energy efficiency with the disinterested majority. In follow-up surveys, most consumers are aware of the energy efficient model and may even overestimate its benefits, suggesting that imperfect information is not a major barrier to adoption in this context. Hunt Allcott Department of Economics New York University 19 W. 4th Street, 6th Floor New York, NY 10012 and NBER hunt.allcott@nyu.edu Richard Sweeney Harvard Kennedy School rich_sweeney@hksphd.harvard. edu
Mixed reality multi-person interaction research based on the calibration of the HoloLens devices

Currently, the application of virtual reality technology is becoming more and more popular in all aspects of life. From virtual entertainment to industrial simulation, the new operation and working methods brought by virtual reality visualization technology have greater appeal and advantages. With the renewal and iteration of related equipment, more and more functions make its limitations continue to decrease, but its applicability continues to improve. Take the optically transparent head-mounted device as an example. It integrates more computer functions, presents and interacts in a virtual way, further integrates with daily behaviors, and shortens the distance between users and digital information
Learning To Cluster: A Comparison of Document Vector Representations for Layout Identification

In this work, we present a new document understanding task: unsupervised layout identification . The objective is to cluster documents together that have similar lay-out, which we define to jointly include physical appearance and semantic meaning. For example, given an unsorted collection of documents, we may want to cluster all bank statements together, with further sub-clusters dividing statements from Chase Bank vs. Bank of America. Towards this goal, we investigated how effectively LayoutLM and variants of it perform when used to produce document embeddings. When tested on two of our own benchmark datasets, sourced from SROIE2019 and RVL-CDIP, we found that LayoutLM performed 5 to 10 times better (as measured by the Silhouette coefficient and the Calinski-Harbasx index) than simple but effective baselines such as Bag-of-Words and TF-IDF. Our code and experiment results are available at https://github.com/poojasethi/doc-clustering.git
A Generative Process for Lambek Categorial Proof Nets

In this work, we present a stochastic, generative model for Lambek categorial proof sequents (Lambek, 1958). When a set of primitive categories is provided, this model, called PLC is able to generate all sequents of categories that are derivable in the Lambek Calculus with it. We also introduce a simple method to numerically estimate the parameters of the model from an annotated corpus. Then we compare our model with probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs). We show that there are several trade-o ﬀ s with respect to using PLC in place of PCFG. Overall, PLC provides a layer of generalization in exposing numerical parameters of the formalism that is not directly accessible to PCFGs.
Determination of age and growth of South Pacific albacore {Thunnus alalungaJ using three methodologies

-Length-frequencydata,vertebral-ring-counts,andlengthmeasurementsoftaggedfishwereanalyzed to independently es timate von Bertalanffy growth pa rameters for south Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalullga). As a working hypothesis, we assumed that the length-frequency modes and verte bral-rings are annual features. The MULTIFAN model fitted to length frequency data provided estimates of Land K of 97.1cm and 0.239 year::I, respectively. Nine age classes were detected in the data. Growth varied seasonally: growth rate de creased to almost zero during Au gust and peaked during February. Two to thirteen rings were visible in the vertebrae, and estimates of L_ and K of 121.0 cm and 0.134 year-I, respectively, were obtained. No sig nificant differences in growth param eters were detected between males and females. The growth rates pre dicted by the length-frequency and vertebral-ring-count models were very similar throughout the range of presumed age classes present in both data sets. These growth rates were consistent with length incre ment observations from 28 tag re turns, which lends support to our assumptions of annual vertebral rings and length-frequency modes.
Transformation 2 : Making software engineering accountable for sustainability

Software engineering, as a central practice of digitalization, needs to become accountable for sustainability. In light of the ecological crises and the tremendous impact of digital systems on reshaping economic and social arrangements - often with negative side-effects - we need a sustainability transformation of the digital transformation. However, this is a complex and long-term task. In this article we combine an analysis of accountability arrangements in software engineering and a model of sustainability transformations to trace how certain dynamics are starting to make software engineering accountable for sustainability in the technological, cultural, economic and governance domains. The article discusses existing approaches for sustainable software engineering and software engineering for sustainability, traces emerging discourses that connect digitalization and sustainability, highlights new digital business models that may support sustainability and shows governance efforts to highlight “ green and digital ” policy problems. Yet, we argue that these are so far niche dynamics and that a sustainability transformation requires a collective and long-lasting effort to engender systemic changes. The goal should be to create varied accountability arrangements for sustainability in software engineering which is embedded in complex ways in society and economy.
Strategies to control delayed onset muscle soreness and fatigue in paracanoe athletes

March 2021; accepted 6 August 2021. ABSTRACT Objectives: To analyze the strategies to control delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and fatigue used by Brazilian paracanoe para-athletes. Methodology: 34 para-athletes were interviewed during the Brazilian canoeing championship in 2017. The interview was divided into four parts: athlete’s personal data, disability characteristics, sport practice, and relationship of performance with fatigue and DOMS. Results: 91% of the para-athletes reported DOMS and 88% fatigue. However, despite feeling DOMS and fatigue, 70% of the para-athletes did not undertake prevention or recovery interventions. Conclusion: Although Brazilian paracanoe para-athletes reported intense and frequent DOMS and fatigue, they do not use any
Differential Selection of Crab Chionoecetes opilio and Hyas spp. as Prey by Sympatric Cod Gadus morhua and thorny skate Raja radiata

- During 1981 and 1982, 933 Atlantic cod Gadus rrwrhoo and 119 thorny skate Raja radiata were collected off the northwestern coast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia. Danish seines, jigs, gillnets, and trawls were used for sampling. Stomach contents were analyzed to investigate predator-prey relation ships between cod and snow crab Chionoecetes opilio, two commercial ly important species. For compari son, skate and two toad crab species, Hyas araneus and H. coarctatus, were also considered. soft