Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erkenntnisentwicklung

Es gibt prinzipielle Grenzen für Wissenssysteme, die dem Anspruch einer "Logik der Rechtfertigung" zu genügen versuchen. In dieser Situation, so wird in dieser Studie argumentiert, kann die Möglichkeit von Wissen und Erkenntnis nur aus einer genetischen Perspektive erklärt werden, welche die Frage nach den Voraussetzungen und Möglichkeiten der Entwicklung von Wissen und Erkenntnis in den Mittelpunkt stellt.Will man jedoch den Prozeß der Entwicklung von Wissen in den Wissenschaften wie auch beim individuellen Lernen erklären, besteht ein Hauptproblem darin, daß kaum zu sehen ist, wie mit den auf einer bestimmten Entwicklungsstufe gegebenen Erkenntnismitteln "neue" Theorien oder neue Überzeugungen formuliert werden können, die ja gerade insofern neu sind, als sie Elemente enthalten, die weder aus den gegebenen Mitteln abgeleitet werden können, noch auch einfach induktiv zu erschließen sind. Diesem Problem - der Frage nach den Möglichkeiten von Erkenntnisentwicklung - widmet sich diese Untersuchung. Ausgangspunkt ist die Wissenschaftstheorie von Charles S. Peirce und dessen am Begriff der Tätigkeit orientierte Philosophie der Mathematik. Im Zentrum steht hier, was Peirce "diagrammatisches Schließen" (diagrammatic reasoning) nennt, das heißt eine an der Konstruktion von Darstellungen und dem Experimentieren mit solchen Darstellungen orientierte Erkenntnistätigkeit.
New rotating transformation for efficient DSP control of active power-line conditioners

This paper presents a new rotating transformation for the control of APLC (active power line conditioners). APLC is a power electronic inverter which is designed to suppress power line distortion caused by nonlinear loads. Existing control methods for the APLC such as the popular instantaneous power transformation, are based on measurements of both power line voltage and current to estimate the required compensation for the power line distortion. These methods are quite sensitive to the power line voltage distortion that can introduce control errors. This paper presents a new simple transformation method for the APLC which determines the correct power line compensation using the line current measurement only. This method simplifies the existing control processing and reduces the power line measurement requirements. The accuracy of the new method is not affected by the power line voltage distortion and therefore, it is reliable for all power line conditions. A 10 kVA prototype APLC has been developed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Resistance Training on 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Functional Performance of Older Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Vitamin D status is associated with muscle strength and performance in older adults. To examine the additive effects of vitamin D3 supplementation during resistance training, 100 seniors (65–85 years) participated in a 16-week intervention. Besides a daily dose of 400 mg of calcium, participants received either 800 IU vitamin D3 per day (VDD), 50,000 IU vitamin D3 per month (VDM) or nothing (CON). After the initial loading phase of four weeks, all groups started a 10-week resistance training program. Assessments of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status, muscle strength endurance (30-s chair stand and arm curl tests), aerobic capacity (6-min walk test) and functional mobility (gait speed and timed up and go test) were undertaken at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. 25(OH)D status significantly improved in VDD and VDM, but not in CON (time x group: p = 0.021), as 15.2% of CON, 40.0% of VDD and 61.1% of VDM reached vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/mL; p = 0.004). Chair stand test, arm curl test, 6-min walk test, gait speed and timed up and go test improved over the whole intervention period (p < 0.05), however only chair stand and arm curl test were selectively affected by resistance training (p < 0.001). Neither muscle strength endurance, nor functional mobility or aerobic capacity were modulated by vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, the mere amelioration of 25(OH)D status of older adults does not lead to an additive effect on muscular performance during RT.
Optimization of CDMA signature sequences in multipath channels

We consider the problem of finding good signature sequences for interference avoidance in a CDMA multipath channel, for a given known channel state. We consider two cases. In the first case, we optimize the transmit powers as well as the signature sequences of the users; the optimality of the set is measured by the effective total squared correlation which is related to achievable SIR. In the second case, we assume fixed received powers and optimize the signature sequences. In this case we consider two optimality criteria: total minimum mean square estimation error, and information theoretic sum capacity. For all three cost functions, we derive iterative algorithms for sequentially updating the users signature sequences.
Preliminary Design on Multi-touch surfaces Managed by Multi-agent Systems

This paper presents a software architecture based on two multi-agent systems for supporting the work of experts during the collaborative preliminary design phases of a project. The working sessions involve a multi-touch interactive table and an interactive whiteboard. Moreover, the participants may be helped by personal assistant agents situated on small devices such as tablets. The paper describes the different phases of preliminary design and introduces the functionalities of the system allowed by the different devices and the agents. Then, the organization of the agents in the systems, their role and the objectives of their communication are presented.
Detection of Typical Compensatory Movements during Autonomously Performed Exercises Preventing Low Back Pain (LBP)

With the growing number of people seeking medical advice due to low back pain (LBP), individualised physiotherapeutic rehabilitation is becoming increasingly relevant. Thirty volunteers were asked to perform three typical LBP rehabilitation exercises (Prone-Rocking, Bird-Dog and Rowing) in two categories: clinically prescribed exercise (CPE) and typical compensatory movement (TCM). Three inertial sensors were used to detect the movement of the back during exercise performance and thus generate a dataset that is used to develop an algorithm that detects typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises. The best feature combinations out of 50 derived features displaying the highest capacity to differentiate between CPE and TCM in each exercise were determined. For classifying exercise movements as CPE or TCM, a binary decision tree was trained with the best performing features. The results showed that the trained classifier is able to distinguish CPE from TCM in Bird-Dog, Prone-Rocking and Rowing with up to 97.7% (Head Sensor, one feature), 98.9% (Upper back Sensor, one feature) and 80.5% (Upper back Sensor, two features) using only one sensor. Thus, as a proof-of-concept, the introduced classification models can be used to detect typical compensatory movements in autonomously performed LBP exercises.
Distinct Mechanisms of Human Retinal Endothelial Barrier Modulation In Vitro by Mediators of Diabetes and Uveitis

Ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and uveitis are associated with injury to the blood–retinal barrier (BRB). Whereas high glucose (HG) and advanced glycation end products (AGE) contribute to DR, bacterial infections causing uveitis are triggered by endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). It is unclear how HG, AGE, and LPS affect human retinal endothelial cell (HREC) junctions. Moreover, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is elevated in both DR and ocular infections. In the current study, we determined the direct effects of HG, AGE, TNFα, and LPS on the expression and intracellular distribution of claudin-5, VE-cadherin, and β-catenin in HRECs and how these mediators affect Akt and P38 MAP kinase that have been implicated in ocular pathologies. In our results, whereas HG, AGE, and TNFα activated both Akt and P38 MAPK, LPS treatment suppressed Akt but increased P38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, while treatment with AGE and HG increased cell-junction protein expression in HRECs, LPS elicited a paradoxical effect. By contrast, when HG treatment increased HREC-barrier resistance, AGE and LPS stimulation compromised it, and TNFα had no effect. Together, our results demonstrated the differential effects of the mediators of diabetes and infection on HREC-barrier modulation leading to BRB injury.
Power Aware Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocols

In ad hoc networks mobile devices are battery operated and the battery technology has not been improving rapidly. Therefore power consumption is likely to remain an issue in Mobile Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols. Conventional routing protocols do not consider the power budget where the routes between nodes are built by the shortest path routing algorithms, the most popular of which are the Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocols. When the same algorithm is used in MANETs it may lead to a quick depletion of the energy of a few nodes because Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocols used more than one path for the same transmission of packets. These multiple paths allow load balancing and faster delivery. So we propose an efficient algorithm, which maximizes the network lifetime by minimizing the power consumption during the source to destination route establishment in Multipath Dynamic Source Routing Protocols. The scope of this thesis is to develop technique to check the remaining energy for each node and uses a cost function to choose the best power saving route and deals with the broken routes due to the nodal energy depletion and node mobility in MP-DSR.
Omnidirectional pattern directivity in the absence of minor lobes: revisited

The article presents a simple, approximate formula for the directivity of an omnidirectional antenna without minor lobes. This problem has been treated before by Monser (1954), and the results have been cited by Levine and Monser (1961). In this earlier work, an approximate formula, showing antenna directivity as a function of the half-power beamwidth (HPBW), was determined by fitting a curve to data that had been obtained previously by numerically integrating across the half-power beamwidth spectrum: a process involving many integrations. Notwithstanding the evident good agreement between the "exact" and "curve-fitted" data in that instance, it is equally possible to return to the supporting sums and determine directly a very simple, alternative approximation to the defining integral and, hence, to the directivity of such antennas.
Three-dimensional pose estimation model for object with complex surface

The proposed three-dimensional pose estimation model for object with complex surface, which primarily absorbs the essence of scale-invariant feature transform and iterative closest point algorithm, includes two steps, off-line and online. At first, two kinds of feature databases are established in the off-line operations. Then, the online process mainly has three steps. The first one is two-dimensional edge extraction from red–green–blue (RGB) information based on scale-invariant feature transform algorithm. The second one is three-dimensional surface reconstruction from the previous two-dimensional edge and the depth information obtained from depth camera. The last one is three-dimensional pose estimation based on camera calibration and iterative closest point algorithm. The Kinect camera is selected as the information acquisition device which can produce red–green–blue information and depth information. In the experiment, the container twist-lock with complex surface is taken as the object. The result shows that the accuracy of the proposed model is very high.
Application of non-linear H∞ control to the Tetrabot robot manipulator

Abstract In this paper, an application of a non-linear H∞ control law for an industrial robot manipulator is presented. Control of the manipulator motion is formulated into a non-linear H∞ optimization problem, namely optimal tracking performance in the presence of modelling uncertainties and external disturbances. Analytical solutions for this problem are implemented on a real robot. The robot under consideration is the six-degrees-of-freedom GEC Tetrabot. Investigations are made into the selection of weights for the H∞ controller and it is shown how different selections of weights affect the Tetrabot performance. The authors believe this to be the first robotic application of nonlinear H∞ control. Comparisons of the proposed control strategy with conventional proportional-derivative and proportional-integral-derivative controllers show favourable performance of the Tetrabot under the new non-linear H∞ control scheme.
Newer variants of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defects in bile secretion and presentation with intrahepatic cholestasis in infancy or childhood. The most common types include PFIC 1 (deficiency of FIC1 protein, ATP8B1 gene mutation), PFIC 2 (bile salt export pump deficiency, ABCB11 gene mutation), and PFIC 3 (multidrug resistance protein-3 deficiency, ABCB4 gene mutation). Mutational analysis of subjects with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase cholestasis of unknown etiology has led to the identification of newer variants of PFIC, known as PFIC 4, 5, and MYO5B related (sometimes known as PFIC 6). PFIC 4 is caused by the loss of function of tight junction protein 2 (TJP2) and PFIC 5 is due to NR1H4 mutation causing Farnesoid X receptor deficiency. MYO5B gene mutation causes microvillous inclusion disease (MVID) and is also associated with isolated cholestasis. Children with TJP2 related cholestasis (PFIC-4) have a variable spectrum of presentation. Some have a self-limiting disease, while others have progressive liver disease with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hence, frequent surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma is recommended from infancy. PFIC-5 patients usually have rapidly progressive liver disease with early onset coagulopathy, high alpha-fetoprotein and ultimately require a liver transplant. Subjects with MYO5 B-related disease can present with isolated cholestasis or cholestasis with intractable diarrhea (MVID). These children are at risk of worsening cholestasis post intestinal transplant (IT) for MVID, hence combined intestinal and liver transplant or IT with biliary diversion is preferred. Immunohistochemistry can differentiate most of the variants of PFIC but confirmation requires genetic analysis.
Morphing Scenarios for the GMTI Portion of the PCA Integrated Radar Tracker

Abstract : The key to the success of the DARPA-sponsored Polymorphous Computing Architectures (PCA) program is the proper development of the morphing concept. One of MIT Lincoln Laboratory's contributions towards this effort is the Integrated Radar-Tracker (IRT) application. The initial IRT consists of a Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radar and a kinematic tracker (KT). As GMTI has received more community interest, it is used in this first document as a background for identification and discussion of promising computational issues which may be addressed by morphing. This document examines three areas from GMTI: data dependent load balancing; changing from streaming to threaded computation; and changing parameter sets.
Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Prevention and Progression through the Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment

To date, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has gained considerable attention in various areas of cancer research due to its role in driving a loss of immune surveillance and enabling rapid advanced tumor development and progression. The TME plays an integral role in driving advanced aggressive breast cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a pivotal mediator for tumor cells to communicate with the surrounding cells via lymphatic and circulatory systems. Furthermore, the TME plays a significant role in all steps and stages of carcinogenesis by promoting and stimulating uncontrolled cell proliferation and protecting tumor cells from the immune system. Various cellular components of the TME work together to drive cancer processes, some of which include tumor-associated adipocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages, and neutrophils which sustain perpetual amplification and release of pro-inflammatory molecules such as cytokines. Thymoquinone (TQ), a natural chemical component from black cumin seed, is widely used traditionally and now in clinical trials for the treatment/prevention of multiple types of cancer, showing a potential to mitigate components of TME at various stages by various pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of TME in TNBC cancer progression and the effect of TQ on the TME, emphasizing their anticipated role in the prevention and treatment of TNBC. It was concluded from this review that the multiple components of the TME serve as a critical part of TNBC tumor promotion and stimulation of uncontrolled cell proliferation. Meanwhile, TQ could be a crucial compound in the prevention and progression of TNBC therapy through the modulation of the TME.
One-year monitoring of the Z24-Bridge : environmental effects versus damage events

When using the analysis of vibration measurements as a tool for health monitoring of bridges, the problem arises of separating abnormal changes from normal changes in the dynamic behaviour. Normal changes are caused by varying environmental conditions such as humidity, wind and most important, temperature. The temperature may have an impact on the boundary conditions and the material properties. Abnormal changes on the other hand are caused by a loss of stiffness somewhere along the bridge. It is clear that the normal changes should not raise an alarm in the monitoring system (i.e. a false positive), whereas the abnormal changes may be critical for the structure's safety. In the frame of the European SIMCES-project, the Z24-Bridge in Switzerland was monitored during almost one year before it was artificially damaged. Black-box models are determined from the healthy-bridge data. These models describe the variations of eigenfrequencies as a function of temperature. New data are compared with the models. If an eigenfrequency exceeds certain confidence intervals of the model, there is probably another cause than the temperature that drives the eigenfrequency variations, for instance damage. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of Classification Rate for PD Sources using Different Classification Schemes

Insulation failure in an electrical utility depends on the continuous stress imposed upon it. Monitoring of the insulation condition is a significant issue for safe operation of the electrical power system. In this paper, comparison of recognition rate variable classification scheme of PD (partial discharge) sources that occur within an electrical utility are studied. To acquire PD data, five defective models are made, that is, air discharge, void discharge and three types of treeinging discharge. Furthermore, these statistical distributions are applied to classify PD sources as the input data for the classification tools. ANFIS shows the highest rate, the value of which is 99% and PCA-LDA and ANFIS are superior to BP in regards to other matters.
Identifying Residential Water End Uses Underpinning Peak Day and Peak Hour Demand

AbstractAccurate and up-to-date peak demand data are essential to ensure that future mains water supply networks reflect current usage patterns and are designed efficiently from an engineering, environmental, and economic perspective. The aim of this paper was to identify the water end-uses that drive peak day demand and to examine their associated hourly diurnal demand patterns based on over 18 months of water consumption data obtained from high-resolution smart meters installed in 230 residential properties across South East Queensland, Australia. Peak day (PD) to average day (AD) ratios between 1 and 1.5 were driven by both external and internal end-uses. However, as the PD:AD ratio increased above 1.5, demand was driven largely by external water usage (i.e., lawn and garden irrigation). Peak hour ratios (i.e., PHPD:PHAD) ranged from 1.3 to 3.0 for the four peak demand days. At the end-use level, the individual end-use category PHPD:PHAD ratios were in the range of 0.7–3.3 for all end-uses, with the ex.
Microstructure Evolution and Shear Strength of Tin-Indium-xCu/Cu Joints

The low melting temperature In-48Sn alloy is a promising candidate for flexible devices. However, the joint strength of the In-48Sn alloy on the Cu substrate was low due to the rapid diffusion of Cu into the In-rich alloy. In this study, the effect of the addition of xCu (x = 2.0 and 8.0 wt.%) on wettability, interfacial reaction, and mechanical strength of the In-Sn-xCu/Cu joint is analyzed. The results demonstrate that both the In-48Sn and In-Sn-xCu alloys exhibit good wettability on the Cu substrate and that the contact angle increases with an increase in the Cu content. Furthermore, fine grains are observed in the alloy matrix of the In-Sn-xCu/Cu joint and the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) comprising the Cu-rich Cu6(In,Sn)5 near the Cu substrate and the Cu-deficient Cu(In,Sn)2 near the solder side. The In-Sn-2.0Cu/Cu joint with fine microstructure and a small amount of IMC in the alloy matrix shows the highest average shear strength of 16.5 MPa. Although the In-Sn-8.0Cu/Cu joint also exhibits fine grains, the presence of large number of voids and rough interfacial IMC layer causes the formation of additional stress concentration points, thereby reducing the average shear strength of the joint.
Equivalent network synthesis for via holes discontinuities

A methodology is presented for the synthesis of the passive equivalent circuit of via holes in multilayer printed circuit boards. The paper describes the network synthesis starting from the extraction of the poles and residues from the driving point transfer functions for two port networks. The via hole is partitioned into elementary structures assumed not electromagnetically coupled and the scattering parameters for each one of them are evaluated by using a numerical approach suitably validated by comparison with results computed by other independent numerical methods. The equivalent circuit of the complete via hole is given by the cascading of the circuits of the elementary structures. The proposed technique is validated by comparing the computed scattering parameters with those from measurements for real test boards.