Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Architectural design decisions that incur technical debt - An industrial case study

Context: During software development, some architectural design decisions incur technical debt, either deliberately or inadvertently. These have serious impact on the quality of a software system, and can cost significant time and effort to be changed. While current research efforts have explored general concepts of architectural design decisions and technical debt separately, debt-incurring architectural design decisions have not been specifically explored in practice. Objective: In this case study, we explore debt-incurring architectural design decisions (DADDs) in practice. Specifically, we explore the main types of DADDs, why and how they are incurred in a software system, and how practitioners deal with these types of design decisions. Method: We performed interviews and a focus group with practitioners working in embedded and enterprise software companies, discussing their concrete experience with such architectural design decisions. Results: We provide the following contributions: 1) A categorization for the types of DADDs, which extend a current ontology on architectural design decisions. 2) A process on how deliberate DADDs are made in practice. 3) A conceptual model which shows the relationships between the causes and triggers of inadvertent DADDs. 4) The main factors that influence the way of dealing with DADDs. Conclusion: The results can support the development of new approaches and tools for Architecture Technical Debt management from the perspective of Design Decisions. Moreover, they support future research to capture architecture knowledge related to DADDs.
Semi-Empirical Oscillator Strengths and Lifetimes for the P IV Spectrum

In this work numerical codes carried out in a multiconfiguration Har-tree-Fock relativistic (HFR) approach for the P IV ion are used to obtain the oscillator strengths of each transition as well as the lifetimes of each energy level. With the existing data from several authors that contributed to the spectrum using different light sources, and optimizing the electrostatic parameters by a least-squares procedure when replacing the theoretical values by the experimental ones in the energy matrices, one obtains closer values and according to the observations for the intensities, and also of the lifetimes closer to those that would be obtained experimentally.
Influence of clay colloids, humic acid and water chemistry on thestability, aggregation and deposition of nanoscale titanium dioxide(nTiO₂)

Fate and transport of engineered nanoscale titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) have received much attention during the past decade. The stability, concurrent aggregation and deposition of nTiO₂ in water with complicated components, however, have not been fully examined. The objective of this thesis was to determine the individual and synergistic effect of pH, cation valence, humic acid, Fe/Al oxyhydroxide coatings and clay colloids on nTiO₂ stability, aggregation and deposition, and elucidate the related mechanisms. We conducted systematic laboratory experiments to determine nTiO2 stability, aggregation and deposition onto a quartz sand in NaCl and MgCl₂ solutions, both in the absence and presence of humic acid and clay colloids. Results showed that nTiO₂ formed hetero-aggregates and the heteroaggregates may either deposit or remain suspended depending on their interactions with quartz sand and Fe/Al oxyhydroxide coatings. Humic acid was found to make nTiO₂ stable to prevent nTiO₂ aggregation and deposition under most conditions.
A TIME EFFICIENT CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR QUERY OPTIMIZATION IN DISTRIBUTED DATABASE

: In modern days Distributed Database system suffers from many difficulties. One of the most common difficulties is the environment where such kinds of systems are running on unpredictable and volatile environment. In such an environment it is difficult to produce an efficient database query plan based on information available at compilation time. This paper focuses on producing an efficient query execution plan on distributed database. Various Optimization strategies have been reviewed in this paper which are based on genetic algorithm and a new model for query optimization is proposed by replacing FCM (Fuzzy c-mean) clustering algorithm with GFCM (Geostatistical Fuzzy c-mean) clustering algorithm. Simulation result show that proposed algorithm can find optimal query execution plan in a relatively short period of time and thus improve the query efficiency.
RECENT ADVANCES IN HERBAL NANOTECHNOLOGY

Since ancient times, potential of plants in research and medicine have found pronounced applications, due to better therapeutic value. To meet the mounting demands for commercial nanoparticles, novel eco-friendly methods of synthesis has led to a remarkable progress via unfolding a green synthesis protocol towards metallic nanoparticles synthesis. Nanotechnology on herbal constituents to tailoring for its potential benefits has been gained an imperative circumstance in recent times. Researchers are focused on the nanotizing the herbal proportions to render and take diversified advantages, as well as to precede futher explorations in the field.Nanophytomedicines are prepared from active phytoconstituents or standardized extracts. Nanotechnology has been considered to be a novel innovation of the period in different fields of science. The different types of nanocarriers that are used in cosmetics such as cubosomes, liposomes, hydrogels, dendrimes, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, microemulsion, and solid lipid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles have benefits of higher stability, insolubility or bio-persistent, hyperpigmentation. This review on nanotechnology used in cosmetics draws special attention to different types of nanoparticles used in cosmetics and their characterization techniques. Index Terms Nanotechnology, herbal, Phytoconstituent.
Effect of intraoperative blood loss on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Background We aimed to investigate the impact of intraoperative blood loss on postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for nonsmall cell lung cancer. Methods Data of a total of 409 patients (227 males, 182 females; median age: 62 years; range, 20 to 86 years) who underwent lung resection for Stage I-IIIa non-small cell lung cancer in our clinic between July 2017 and April 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to confirm the threshold value of intraoperative blood loss for the prediction of postoperative pulmonary complications. Propensity score matching was performed to compare between high-intraoperative blood loss and low-intraoperative blood loss groups. A post-matching conditional logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications. Results Of the patients, 86 (21.03%) developed postoperative pulmonary complications. In the propensity score matching analysis, intraoperative blood loss was shown to be a predictive factor of postoperative pulmonary complications (3.992; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.54-10.35; p=0.004). The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications in high-intraoperative blood loss group was significantly higher than that the low-intraoperative blood loss group (37.5% vs. 13.9%, respectively; p=0.003). The postoperative length of stay and duration of postoperative antibiotic use were significantly prolonged in the high-intraoperative blood loss group. Conclusion Intraoperative blood loss serves as a significant risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Surgeons should strive to reduce intraoperative blood loss for better surgical outcomes.
Empirical Comparison of the Effectiveness of Six Meeting Venues on Bottom Line and Organizational Constructs

The effectiveness of six meeting venues on validated bottom line and organizational factors was empirically studied. When the goal of a meeting is to achieve bottom line advantages, the most effective venue choice, according to facilitators and participants, is face to face with Electronic Meeting Systems (EMS). This venue trades off increased costs to achieve high participant satisfaction, high quality ideas and effective meeting results. Facilitators and participants reported web conferencing with audio and video capability with EMS to be an effective second choice to achieve bottom line results. Although asynchronous text messaging with EMS was rated to be the most effective to reduce labor costs, it was rated significantly less effective than the other venues to achieve quality meeting results and high participant satisfaction. The results suggested that when the goal of a meeting is to achieve effectiveness at geographically dispersed sites, audio and video with EMS (web cam) was perceived by participants and facilitators as the most effective meeting mode. Based on the factors studied, all EMS-enhanced venues were perceived as effective in global environments; however, meeting observers perceived audio with EMS and audio and video with EMS as the most effective venues across time zones.
FACE RECOGNITION BASED ON FRONTALIZATION OF MULTIPLE POSES USING G-GAN AND DWT

Face authentication is one of the embryonic issues for researches in modern days as it has many challenges and is used in several applications. The challenge of face recognition encounters large side angles in profile images as features between profile images and frontal images have large differences that lead to human identification. This is a reason much state-of-the-art facial recognition has reduced performance on human identification. In this research paper, we propose frontal face generation from profile face image before facial recognition using Global Generative Adversarial Networks (G-GAN). By using G-GAN along with unique error loss functions during training leads to good identity preservation and photo-realistic frontal face images. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used on generated frontal images from profile images and the frontal image stored in the database to extract features. The compressed low dimensional significant features from the low-frequency band are considered for face recognition. The Euclidean Distance (ED) between the ground true database frontal image and the frontal face images generated by G-GAN are computed for face recognition. The experimental results based on qualitative and quantitative analysis using available public datasets viz., Multi PIE, Bosporus, head pose-invariant, and Indian female are conducted and achieved good results. The experiment results of the projected scheme are related to the other existing approaches show the superiority of our method.
Education, financial aid and awareness can reduce smallholder farmers’ vulnerability to drought under climate change

Abstract. Analyses of future agricultural drought impacts require a multidisciplinary approach in which both human and environmental dynamics are studied. In this study, we applied the agent-based drought risk model ADOPT to assess the effect of various drought risk reduction interventions on smallholder farmers in the Kenyan drylands. Moreover, the robustness of these (non-)governmental interventions under different climate change scenarios was evaluated. ADOPT simulates water management decisions of smallholder farmers, and evaluates household food insecurity, poverty and emergency aid needs due to drought disasters. Model dynamics were informed by extensive field surveys and interviews from which decision rules were distilled based on bounded rational behaviour theories. Model results suggest that extension services increase the adoption of low-cost, newer drought adaptation measures while credit schemes are useful for cost-effective but expensive measures, and ex-ante cash transfers allow the least wealthy households to adopt low-cost well-known measures. Early warning systems show more effective in climate scenarios with less frequent droughts. Combining all four interventions displays a mutually-reinforcing effect with a sharp increase in the adoption of measures resulting in reduced food insecurity, decreased poverty levels and drastically lower need for emergency aid, even under hotter and drier climate conditions. These nonlinear synergies indicate that a holistic perspective is needed to support smallholder resilience in the Kenyan drylands.
Feeding value of sorghum stover fed to tropical hair sheep as complete rations in chop, mash, pellet, and block forms

Abstract Background and Aim: Poor palatability, low bulk density, and low nutritive value restrict the utilization of the crop residues as animal feeds. Altering the physical characteristics of feed by blending the roughage and concentrates in the form of complete feed improves the nutrient use efficiency and reduces the feed wastage, feed cost, and labor cost. The study aims to determine suitable processing methods (mash, pellet, or block forms) for efficient utilization of sorghum stover-based complete rations vis-a-vis conventional feeding methods in sheep. Materials and Methods: The sorghum stover was incorporated in complete rations with roughage to concentrate ratio of 50:50 proportion in a growth trial of 120 days. The feed ingredients were chaffed, ground in a hammer mill, passed through expander-extruder, and compressed by feed block machine to prepare chop, mash, pellet, and block form of rations, respectively. Twenty-four male intact growing Nellore×Deccani cross lambs (3.5±0.5 months age, 14.50±0.41 kg (mean ± SD) at the start of the experiment) were divided into four experimental groups of six animals each in a complete randomized design. The experimental rations were randomly allotted to each group and evaluated for their intake, nutrient utilization, and growth performance. Results: The sheep fed on pellet-based ration consumed a higher (p<0.05) quantity of dry matter. The digestibility coefficients of organic matter, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were higher (p<0.05) in processed rations (mash, pellet, or block). Further, the nitrogen balance (g/d) was higher (p<0.05) in the mash, pellet, and block form of rations, compared to chopped ration. The processing method did not influence calcium or phosphorous balance parameters, except for their urinary losses, which showed an increasing trend (p=0.07). The ram lambs fed with pelleted ration showed higher (p<0.05) weight gain than mash, block, or chaff forms. The efficiency of feed utilization in gaining one kg body weight was higher (p<0.05) in lambs fed a pelleted diet. Feeding pelletized ration was more economical to gain one kg body weight. The bulk density was highest for block-based ration followed by pellet, mash, and conventional rations, and the carrying capacity of truck was highest with the least transport cost in block-form of rations. Conclusion: Physical processing (mash, pellet, and block) of sorghum stover-based complete rations increased the nutrient utilization and growth performance of sheep compared to conventional chopped form. Pelleting the mash with expander-extruder procedure was found to be more profitable. Nevertheless, the cost economics revealed blocks as more preferable forms for transporting the complete rations to larger distances.
Independence of the granule cell’s dendritic branches may lead to multiple place fields in the dentate gyrus

According to classical theoretical studies, the dentate gyrus performs an orthogonalization on it’s input, producing sparse and efficient code for associative memory in the CA3 of the hippocampus [4, 6]. The current view of the underlying mechanism is competitive learning, i.e., there is a strong competition between granule cells, and the synaptic strength between the active cells and the active inputs (perforant path axons) are modified according to Hebb’s rule. As the result of this learning, each neuron will code a specific feature of its the input.
Flexible Topology and Configuration Generation as a Resource for Networking Research

Tools like Mininet enable larger-scale network simulations that feature full third-party software such as web servers and clients, and simulated programmable switch dataplanes. But it remains difficult to configure such virtual networks because this typically requires detailed and multi-layer information which is laborious and error-prone to author manually. This poster describes ongoing work to build a topology-and configuration-generation system to support reproducible research into diverse and large-scale networking topologies.
wcd-2020-26 “ Vertical cloud structure of warm conveyor belts – a comparison and evaluation of ERA 5 reanalyses , CloudSat and CALIPSO data ” by

Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) are important cyclone-related airstreams that are responsible for most of the cloud and precipitation formation in the extratropics. They can also substantially influence the dynamics of the cyclone and the upperlevel flow. So far, most knowledge about WCBs is based on model data from analyses, reanalyses and forecast data, with only a few observational studies available. The aim of this work is to gain a detailed observational perspective on the vertical cloud and precipitation structure of WCBs during their inflow, ascent and outflow, and to evaluate their representation in the new 5 ERA5 reanalysis dataset. To this end, satellite observations from the CloudSat radar and the CALIPSO lidar are combined with an ERA5-based WCB climatology for nine Northern Hemisphere winters. Based on a case study and a composite analysis, the main findings can be summarised as follows: (i) WCB air masses are part of deep, strongly precipitating clouds, with cloud-top heights at 9-10 km during their ascent, and an about 2-3 km deep layer with supercooled liquid water co-existing with ice above the melting layer. The maximum surface precipitation occurs when the WCB is at about 2-4 km height. (ii) 10 Convective clouds can be observed above the inflow and during the ascent. (iii) At upper levels, the WCB outflow is typically located near the top of a 3 km deep cirrus layer. (iv) There is a large variability between WCBs in terms of cloud structure, peak reflectivity, and associated surface precipitation. (v) The WCB trajectories with the highest radar reflectivities are mainly located over the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and – apart from the inflow – they occur at relatively low latitudes. They are associated with particularly deep and strongly precipitating clouds that occur not only during the ascent, but also in the 15 inflow and outflow regions. (vi) ERA5 represents the WCB clouds remarkably well in terms of position, thermodynamic phase and frozen hydrometeor distribution, although it underestimates the high ice and snow values in the mixed-phase clouds near the melting layer. (vii) In the lower troposphere, high potential vorticity is diabatically produced along the WCB in areas with high reflectivities and hydrometeor contents, and at upper levels, low potential vorticity prevails in the cirrus layer in the WCB outflow. The study provides important observational insight into the internal cloud structure of WCBs, and emphasises the 20 ability of ERA5 to essentially capture the observed pattern, but also reveals many smalland mesoscale structures observed by the remote sensing instruments but not captured by ERA5.
Digital turn and its implications on teacher’s professional achievement: learning communities formation among teachers

: Nowadays, digital technology has reduced teachers’ professional isolation by facilitating communications and interactions. In the modern knowledge-based world, teachers as learners participate in professional learning communities to seek knowledge resources for more effective teaching and consequently the improvement of their students’ learning. In fact, professional learning communities are as context for teachers’ professional development. The goal of this research is discovering achievements that teachers achieve by participating in learning communities. Method of Research is the literature review. Results show that teachers’ participation in learning communities leads to valuable achievements for them.
DNA methylation differences of the BPI promoter among pig breeds and the regulation of gene expression

The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal effects against Gram-negative bacteria and contributes to natural defenses. The expression patterns of BPI among different pig breeds and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we presented that the pig breeds of Yorkshire, Sutai and Meishan showed distinct BPI expression and promoter DNA methylation patterns. The promoter methylation level in Yorkshire pigs was significantly higher than that in Meishan pigs (P < 0.05), while the gene expression level displayed a reverse trend. Correlation analyses revealed a strong negative correlation between BPI promoter methylation and mRNA expression. Luciferase assay indicated that DNA methylation of BPI promoter can result in the reduction of BPI transcriptional activity in vitro. Furthermore, animals differing in E. coli F18 susceptibility showed that sensitive individuals had significantly higher promoter methylation and lower gene expression levels than those of resistant individuals (P < 0.05). Our study showed distinct BPI promoter methylation and gene expression patterns among different pig breeds, and provided evidence for the potential link between BPI promoter methylation, BPI expression and disease susceptibility. The findings bring us a step forward towards the understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying BPI expression and provide fundamental information for further studies on elucidating the contribution of BPI to intestinal immunity.
Preparation and evaluation of an Emulgel of Hydroxyzine hydrochloride

http://dx.doi. org/10.21276/IJRDPL.22780238. 2018.7(2). 2962-2968 ABSTRACT: Hydroxyzine hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of urticaria and other allergic skin disorders. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride emulgel potentially enhances drug penetration into the stratum corneum and localizes the drug within the dermoepidermal layers. Emulgel was formulated by first preparing the emulsion using fixed oils and non-ionic surfactants, and then incorporated into a gel base. Emulsions were primarily optimized using non-ionic surfactants, Span 60 and Tween 20 and gel was optimized using Carbopol 940, HPMC K100M and xanthan gum. These optimized formulations were studied for in vitro drug release studies followed by ex vivo, skin irritation and stability studies. The optimized o/w emulgel was compared with the w/o emulgel which showed the in vitro release of 76.7% and ex vivo studies showed 42.3% release at the end of 8th hr. The ex vivo release of optimized HESX (o/w emulgel) formulation was compared with the HESX1 (w/o emulgel) formulation which showed the release of 53% and 42.3% release respectively. The emulgel formulation HESX showed irritation potential of ‘0’, thus proving to be non-irritant. Hence, it can be concluded that o/w emulgel formulation of hydroxyzine hydrochloride showed better release than the w/o emulgel.