Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear matrix equations, controllability and observability, and the rank of solutions

The equation \[ (*) \qquad \sum_{i,k} f_{ik} A^i XB^k = C \] is studied. The controllability matrix of $( A,C )$ and the observability matrix of $( B,C )$ yield bounds for the rank of X. If the solution X is unique it can be expressed in the form \[ X = \sum_{i,k} h_{ik} A^i CB^k . \] The coefficients $h_{ik} $ are determined by an auxiliary equation of type $( * )$, where the right-hand side is a rank one matrix.
Time reversal of photoacoustic waves

In this work, the authors use the photoacoustic effect to create a source for ultrasonic time-reversal experiments. Photoacoustic waves were generated by an optically absorbing gel sphere excited by a laser pulse in a highly optically diffusive solution and recorded with an ultrasound array controlled by a time-reversal electronics. The emission of the time-reversed photoacoustic waves allowed the refocusing of the ultrasound towards the optical absorber, in particular, in the presence of a strongly acoustically defocusing medium. The authors illustrate how the technique can be applied to perform acoustical imaging in the presence of a strong acoustical aberration.
The C ∗ -Algebra of the Heisenberg Motion Groups T n (cid:2) H n

We show that the tensor product A ⊗ B of two C ∗ -algebras satisfying the norm controlled dual limits ( NCDL ) conditions has again the same property. We use this result to describe the C ∗ -algebra of the Heisenberg motion groups G n = T n (cid:2) H n as algebra of operator ﬁelds deﬁned over the spectrum of G n . The main problem for this description is to ﬁnd the explicit NC DL -conditions for the group G 1 : Let F : C ∗ ( G 1 ) → l ∞ ( (cid:2) G 1 ) be the operator valued Fourier transform of G 1 . If (π k ) k ∈ N is a properly converging sequence in the spectrum of G 1 which converges in the Fell topology to a limit set L with more than one element, we must understand the behaviour at inﬁnity of the sequence of bounded linear operators (π k ( a )) k ∈ N for every a ∈ C ∗ ( G 1 ) .
Minimal order arbitrarily fast adaptive observers and identifiers

A general description of the implicit adaptive observer [13] is presented which defines the interrelationship between the different adapfive observers that have been reported in literature. Within the framework of the general formulation, two schemes are proposed to synthesize multierror adaptive observers for nth order, linear, single-output, observable and time-invariant systems with improved convergence characteristics. The proposed schemes use only input and output measurements, are globally asymptotically stable and have an arbitrarily fast rate of exponential convergence for both the system parameters and the system state. If all system parameters are unknown, the second scheme is the minimal order observer that can afford arbitrarily fast exponential convergence. Simulation results are included.
Substrate integrated waveguide filter with high-design flexibility

On the basis of TE201/TE101 mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity resonators, an advanced methodology is proposed to design filter using nonresonating node with high-design flexibility. The bypass couplings are realized with the nonresonating TE10 mode, so that arbitrarily positioned transmission zeros (TZs) can be obtained. To demonstrate the design flexibility, the approach is illustrated at example of a second-order filter providing Chebyshev, elliptic function type, and asymmetric characteristics. In addition, the modularity of the filter design is validated by the individual control of each TZ. A second-order 15 GHz SIW bandpass filter with 150 MHz bandwidth is then fabricated and measured. Comparison between the measurement values and simulation results verifies the effectiveness of the proposed configurations.
Perceptions of Agritourism and Cooperation: Comparisons between an Island and a Mountain Region in Greece

The lack of understanding and definitional inconsistencies regarding agritourism and the importance of cooperation in sustaining this kind of tourism are underlined in the literature. This study analyzes the perceptions of agritourism and cooperation from actors in the sector using a plurality of methods, including unsupervised (a) text mining and (b) sentiment analysis with the use of a lexical database, as well as (c) supervised qualitative data analysis. Based on the assumption that destinations with different geographic characteristics have different features and products, two different destinations as for its accessibility and tourism recognition were selected for comparison: (a) an island—Lesvos in the North Aegean Sea, and (b) a continental mountain region—Plastiras Lake, in Greece. The data were collected from personal in-depth interviews and with the use of semi-structured questionnaires. From a methodological perspective, all three methods provided unique insights on the study’s themes, and the overall image of agritourism and cooperation was positive. A common understanding seems important for cooperation and networking; however, training is needed not only for effective promotion of agritourism, but also for cooperation techniques, benefits, trust-building mechanisms and best practices.
Collisional growth of giant molecular clouds

The observation that giant molecular clouds in the inner galactic plane populate both arm and interarm regions has recently been interpreted as evidence of a very long lifetime (>10/sup 8/ years) for these clouds. An implication of this longevity is that the great masses of the clouds in the molecular ring at omega-tilde=4--8 kpc may be accumulated through cloud-cloud collisional accretion. Starting from an initial distribution of small clouds, the individual cloud masses will grow to the observed 10/sup 5/--10/sup 6/ M/sub sun/ within 10/sup 9/ years, assuming the total mass of H/sub 2/ remains constant. Continued growth will be halted at a few times 10/sup 5/ M/sub sun/, where the collisional accretion rate is balanced by the removal of H/sub 2/ into stars at a galactic rate of 2 M/sub sun/ Year/sup -1/ combined with ionization by H II regions.
Recent Progress of Shannon Sampling Theory with Applications

Errors appear when the Shannon sampling series is applied to approximate a signal in practice since the measured sampled values are usually given by averages of a function or the sampled values with amplitude error and time-jitter error. In this paper we give a survey of recent progress of the study of error analysismulti-dimensional Whittaker-Shannon sampling expansion approximations with these measured values.
Integrating a Global Positioning System and Accelerometers to Monitor the Deflection of Bridges

During the design phase of a bridge, certain characteristics are assumed, such as traffic and wind loading. In reality, however, these characteristics can vary, therefore it is very important that the health of such a structure is monitored to evaluate whether it is holding up to the true loading. Due to the ever-increasing size and cost of these structures, it is vital that any anomalies from the expected deflections are detected as soon as possible, allowing remedial action to be taken, and hence trying to prevent disastrous consequences. The use of a kinematic global positioning system (GPS) now allows subcentimeter accuracy to be achieved at a rate of up to 20 Hz, and at maximum distances from the reference GPS receivers to the bridge receivers of up to 20 km. This makes such a system capable of detecting the deflections of long bridges. In addition, accelerometers have been proven useful for such monitoring, allowing precise readings at rates of up to 1,000 Hz. However, both systems have their limitations. A GPS is limited partly by multipath and cycle slips, relatively low frequency of data, as well as the need to have good satellite coverage, while accelerometers are limited due to the fact that the derivations (velocities, displacements) from the original uncompensated acceleration readings will drift over time. The integration of the two systems, however, results in a hybrid arrangement that helps to eliminate the disadvantages of the two separate units. This paper presents an integrated monitoring system, consisting of Leica CRS1000 series and SR530 dual frequency code/carrier phase GPS receivers and a Kistler triaxial accelerometer. One of the SR530 GPS receivers and the accelerometer are physically integrated, and their data are synchronized. Using spectrum analysis, main natural frequencies of a monitored suspension footbridge are identified from the hybrid system. A simple data processing algorithm is presented, as well as the results from field trials to show the potential applications of such a system.
Compton scattering and the gamma-ray power-law spectrum in Markarian 421

The nearest BL Lac object, Mrk 421, has a gamma-ray spectrum which is approximately flat in EF-sub E from E less than about 50 MeV to E greater than about 1 TeV. Inverse Compton scattering can explain this smooth spectrum, despite the structure in the Klein-Nishina cross section, if the injected electron distribution function is proportional to gamma exp -2, where gamma is the electron Lorentz factor. When this is the case, the structure imprinted on the steady state electron distribution function by the structure in the Klein-Nishina cross section is almost exactly compensated in the radiated spectrum. Because particle acceleration in strong shocks injects particles with this distribution function, this shape injection function is in fact quite plausible. Other blazars may be explained by the same model if the cutoff below TeV energies observed in other objects is due to pair production on the cosmological IR background, as suggested by Stecker et al. (1992).
A STUDY OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PROMOTION OF IRANIAN FIRMS ' EXPORT MARKET ORIENTED BEHAVIOR

The present article intends to study a huge collection of antecedent factors including organizational structure, export systems, top management factors, export coordination, export dependence, and moderating factors such as environmental turbulences and export experiences. The purpose of this study is to test the model among Iranian exporting firms so that the degree of impact of each factor can be measured for optimal planning. Using the techniques of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structure Equation Model (SEM), the hypotheses are tested. The findings reveal that, among the antecedent factors, export dependence and organizational structure with formalized and centralized dimensions have had the most and the least impact on the strengthening of export market oriented behavior respectively. On the other hand, the two moderating factors showed a great impact on the relationship between each antecedent factor with export market oriented behavior.
Electromechanical Resonance Study of the Diffuse Ferroelectric Phase Transition in BaTi1−x Sn x O3 Ceramics

Analysing piezoelectric length vibrations of bar-shaped samples, we have investigated the elastic compliance sE 11 (T) in the vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transition of BaTi 1 −xSnxO 3 ceramics. We observe the peak of the elastic compliance sE 11 (T) at the temperature Tm (s) below the peak temperature Tm (ϵ) of the permittivity ϵ 33 T(T). In the range x ≤ 0.1, which includes compositions with diffuse ferroelectric phase transition, the difference Tm (ϵ)−Tm (s) is rather small, and results mainly from the overlap of the s 11 E(T) peak with the elastic anomaly at the tetragonal-orthorhombic phase transition temperature T 1 . The “true” decoupling of the dielectric and elastic anomaly seems to be restricted to the relaxor state of BaTi 1 −x SnxO 3 , indicating different temperature evolution of the energy barrier distribution for 180° switching and non-180° reorientation of polar clusters.
Standard on Mass Appraisal of Real Property

This standard replaces the January 2012 Standard on Mass Appraisal of Real Property and is a complete revision. The 2012 Standard on Mass Appraisal of Real Property was a partial revision that replaced the 2002 standard. The 2002 standard combined and replaced the 1983 Standard on the Application of the Three Approaches to Value in Mass Appraisal, the 1984 Standard on Mass Appraisal, and the 1988 Standard on Urban Land Valuation. IAAO assessment standards represent a consensus in the assessing profession and have been adopted by the Executive Board of IAAO. The objective of IAAO standards is to provide a systematic means by which concerned assessing officers can improve and standardize the operation of their offices. IAAO standards are advisory in nature and the use of, or compliance with, such standards is purely voluntary. If any portion of these standards is found to be in conflict with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) or state laws, USPAP and state laws shall govern.
The relation between the properties of the NLR in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and the accretion rate

Abstract We present a systematic study of the properties of the narrow-line region (NLR) of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) using Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopy. Various correlations between the observed parameters and physical properties of NLS1s and broad-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (BLS1s) are detected. We search for possible origins of these trends by employing correlation analyses. We further investigate the relationship between black hole mass, Eddington ratio (L/LEdd) and physical parameters of the NLR.
A large numerical aperture structured lens formed by varying high-refractive-index-dielectric square holes

A structured lens with a large numerical aperture for high diffraction efficiency is proposed. This structured lens is formed by varying high-refractive-index-dielectric (HRID) square holes in a metallic film. Compared with previous structured lenses formed by varying air square holes, the modulated wavefront at the exit pupil of the structured lens is smoother and the diffraction efficiency is greatly improved. A dielectric film was introduced as a buffer layer to reduce the energy loss at the interface caused by the great impedance mismatching between air and the high refractive index dielectric. A lens with an aperture of 100 µm and a focal length of 50 µm was designed; its diffraction efficiency has been raised from 22.8% to 47.2% by the finite difference and time domain (FDTD) algorithm. This structured lens has the advantages of not only light weight and high compactness, but also large numerical aperture, high diffraction efficiency, and good imaging quality.
Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate and short time scales

Abstract Maps of standard deviations and one-point correlation maps based on twice-daily data subjected to a variety of temporal filters are presented, in order to document the horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with different time scales. The filters have been chosen to isolate fluctuations with long time scales (periods much longer than 30 days), intermediate time scales (10–30 day periods) and short time scales (2.5–6 day periods). The one-point correlation maps for long time scales resemble the teleconnection patterns described by Wallace and Cutzler. These patterns are strongly regionally dependent, with meridionally oriented dipole structures in the jet exit regions over the oceans, indicative of strong fluctuations in the zonal wind. For intermediate time scales, the dominant patterns consist of more zonally oriented wave trains which originate in the jet entrance regions and cross the jet streams as they curve southeastward into the tropics. Another important distinction between th.
Exploring the potential of OMOP common data model for process mining in healthcare

Background and objective Recently, Electronic Health Records (EHR) are increasingly being converted to Common Data Models (CDMs), a database schema designed to provide standardized vocabularies to facilitate collaborative observational research. To date, however, rare attempts exist to leverage CDM data for healthcare process mining, a technique to derive process-related knowledge (e.g., process model) from event logs. This paper presents a method to extract, construct, and analyze event logs from the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) CDM for process mining and demonstrates CDM-based healthcare process mining with several real-life study cases while answering frequently posed questions in process mining, in the CDM environment. Methods We propose a method to extract, construct, and analyze event logs from the OMOP CDM for process types including inpatient, outpatient, emergency room processes, and patient journey. Using the proposed method, we extract the retrospective data of several surgical procedure cases (i.e., Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (TLH), Total Hip Replacement (THR), Coronary Bypass (CB), Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD)) from the CDM of a Korean tertiary hospital. Patient data are extracted for each of the operations and analyzed using several process mining techniques. Results Using process mining, the clinical pathways, outpatient process models, emergency room process models, and patient journeys are demonstrated using the extracted logs. The result shows CDM’s usability as a novel and valuable data source for healthcare process analysis, yet with a few considerations. We found that CDM should be complemented by different internal and external data sources to address the administrative and operational aspects of healthcare processes, particularly for outpatient and ER process analyses. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to exploit CDM for healthcare process mining. Specifically, we provide a step-by-step guidance by demonstrating process analysis from locating relevant CDM tables to visualizing results using process mining tools. The proposed method can be widely applicable across different institutions. This work can contribute to bringing a process mining perspective to the existing CDM users in the changing Hospital Information Systems (HIS) environment and also to facilitating CDM-based studies in the process mining research community.
Recurrent Gastrointestinal Pseudo-obstruction Because of Well-Differentiated Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor

ABSTRACT A 56-year-old man presented with recurrent gastrointestinal obstruction. Computed tomography showed fluid-filled, distended stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Extensive workup including esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, magnetic resonance enterography, push enteroscopy, and video capsule enteroscopy showed no mechanical obstruction. Endoscopic ultrasound–guided biopsy of peripancreatic nodes detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed a duodenal neuroendocrine tumor. The lesion showed intense uptake on gallium-68 DOTATOC positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor with resolution of bowel obstruction events. He had elevated pancreatic polypeptide levels, which are known to delay gastric emptying and could explain his symptoms.
Evaluation of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis: a prospective, randomized study

Purpose Uncertainty exists about whether early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an appropriate surgical treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis. This study aimed to compare early vs. late LC for acute calculous cholecystitis regarding intraoperative difficulty and postoperative outcomes. Methods This was a prospective randomized study carried out between December 2015 and June 2017; 60 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis were divided into two groups (early and delayed groups), each comprising 30 patients. Thirty patients treated with LC within 3 to 5 days of arrival at the hospital were assigned to the early group. The other 30 patients were placed in the delayed group, first treated conservatively, and followed by LC 3 to 6 weeks later. Results The conversion rates in both groups were 6.7% and 0%, respectively (p = 0.143). The operating time was 56.67 ± 11.70 minutes in the early group and 75.67 ± 20.52 minutes in the delayed group (p = 0.001), and both groups observed equal levels of postoperative complications. Early LC patients, on the other hand, required much fewer postoperative hospital stay (3.40 ± 1.99 vs. 6.27 ± 2.90 days, p = 0.006). Conclusion Considering shorter operative time and hospital stay without significant increase of open conversion rates, early LC might have benefits over late LC.
Geometry adaptive control of a composite reflector using PZT actuator

Maintaining geometrical high precision for a graphite fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) reflector is a challenging task. Although great efforts have been placed to improve the fabrication precision, geometry adaptive control for a reflector is becoming more and more necessary. This paper studied geometry adaptive control for a GFRC reflector with piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) actuators assembled on the ribs. In order to model the piezoelectric effect in finite element analysis (FEA), a thermal analogy was used in which the temperature was applied to simulate the actuation voltage, and the piezoelectric constant was mimicked by a Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE). PZT actuator’s equivalent model was validated by an experiment. The deformations of a triangular GFRC specimen with three PZT actuators were also measured experimentally and compared with that of simulation. This study developed a multidisciplinary analytical model, which includes the composite structure, thermal, thermal deformation and control system, to perform an optimization analysis and design for the adaptive GFRC reflector by considering the free vibration, gravity deformation and geometry controllability.
An Overview of the Relationship Between Occupational Manganese Exposure and Parkinsonism

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element used in many industries, such as welding, foundries, the production of metal alloys, especially stainless steel, and the production of dry batteries, pesticides, paints, and explosives. Individuals are exposed to Mn through inhalation of fumes, dermal absorption, and ingestion. This metal is an essential trace element required for normal growth, development, and cellular homeostasis. It has also toxic effects on the central nervous system and can cause Parkinsonism symptoms in exposed patients. Studies on human and animal models reveal that neurons of the globus pallidus, the cerebellum, pons, red nucleus, the thalamus, cortex, and the anterior horn of the spinal cord could be affected by Mn toxicity. Although the diagnosis of manganese-induced Parkinsonism is primarily clinical, there are some supporting features on brain MRI images that may be helpful to objectively distinguish it. This study was designed to review the ways of exposure to Mn, clinical symptoms in case of exposure, and discover the relationship between exposure to Mn and Parkinsonism in the working population.
Focal myositis in the foot: one unique case in the plantar aspect

Abstract We present a case of an acquired deformity of the toes of a young patient with no previous pathologic or traumatic history. Later, it emerged that it was ‘Focal Myositis’ at the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle of the right foot. The clinical course of the case involved a hard painless mass at the muscle belly that increased in size very slowly over several years, causing flexion contracture of the third toe without an accompanying skin lesion.