Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Optical Road Markings With Automotive Radar Sensors

Accurate environmental representations play a crucial role in trajectory planning for autonomous driving. In addition to localizing road users, obstacles, and road boundaries, the identification of optical road markings is vital for lane recognition. While optical systems, such as cameras and lidar sensors, are commonly employed for this task, they are susceptible to weather conditions. This letter introduces a novel approach that utilizes automotive chirp-sequence radar sensors exclusively for the detection of conventional road markings. This eliminates the need for additional particles or substances to be applied to the road markings, as demonstrated through an indicative analysis based on real-world measurements in public traffic.
Inverse optimal control for unmanned aerial helicopters with disturbances

This paper proposes an optimal control method of an unmanned aerial helicopter (UAH) with unknown disturbances. Solving the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation is considered as the common approach to design an optimal controller under a meaningful cost function when facing the nonlinear optimal control problem. However, the HJB equation is hard to solve even for a simple problem. The inverse optimal control method that avoids the difficulties of solving the HJB equation has been adopted. In this inverse optimal control approach, a stabilizing optimal control law and a particular cost function that are obtained by a control Lyapunov function are required. An integrator backstepping method is used in designing the optimal control law of the UAH. Furthermore, a disturbance‐observer–based control (DOBC) approach has been adopted in the optimal control law for dealing with the unknown disturbances of the UAH system. Simulation results have been given to certify the stability of the nonlinear UAH system and the validity of this developed control method.
S-Adenosylmethionine Decreases Bacterial Translocation, Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Wistar Rats

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) can seriously impair liver function. It is initiated by oxidative stress, resulting in inflammation and apoptosis-induced cellular damage. Glutathione (GSH) prevents oxidative stress. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMet) is a GSH synthesis precursor that avoids the deficit in SAMet-synthetase activity and contributes to intracellular ATP repletion. It also acts as a methyl group donor, stabilizing hepatocyte membranes, among other functions. This study investigated the effect of SAMet on bacterial translocation and levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in male Wistar rats subjected to hepatic IRI. Animals were randomly divided into six groups: (1) sham operation, (3) animals undergoing 60 min of ischemia of the right lateral lobe for temporary occlusion of the portal vein and hepatic artery plus 10 min of reperfusion, and (5) the same as (3) but with a reperfusion period of 120 min. Groups 2, 4 and 6, respectively, are the same as (1), (3) and (5), except that animals received SAMet (20 mg/kg) 15 min before ischemia. GSH, ATP, lipid peroxidation (LPO), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, total caspase-1 and caspase-9, total and cleaved caspase-3, and phosphatidylcholine were determined in the liver. Endotoxin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and LPO in vena cava and portal vein blood samples were also measured. Endotoxin and LPO levels as well as proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic markers increased significantly in animals undergoing IRI, both after 10 and 120 min of reperfusion. IRI produced a significant decrease in GSH, ATP, portal IL-10 and phosphatidylcholine. SAMet treatment prevented these effects significantly and increased survival rate. The study suggests that SAMet exerts protective effects in hepatic IRI.
Optical emission spectroscopy of magnetically confined laser induced vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) plasma

Optical emission spectra of a laser induced plasma of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) in the presence and absence of the magnetic field of 0.45 T have been investigated. The effect of the magnetic field (B) on the V2O5 plasma at various laser irradiances ranging from 0.64 GW cm−2 to 2.56 GW cm−2 is investigated while keeping the pressure of environmental gases of Ar and Ne constant at 100 Torr. The magnetic field effect on plasma parameters of V2O5 is also explored at different delay times ranging from 0 μs to 10 μs for both environmental gases of Ar and Ne at the laser irradiance of 1.28 GW cm−2. It is revealed that both the emission intensity and electron temperature of the vanadium pentoxide plasma initially increase with increasing irradiance due to the enhanced energy deposition and mass ablation rate. After achieving a certain maximum, both exhibit a decreasing trend or saturation which is attributable to the plasma shielding effect. However, the electron density shows a decreasing trend with increasing laser irradiance. This trend remains the same for both cases, i.e., in the presence and in the absence of magnetic field and for both background gases of Ar and Ne. However, it is revealed that both the electron temperature and electron density of the V2O5 plasma are significantly enhanced in the presence of the magnetic field for both environments at all laser irradiances and delay times, and more pronounced effects are observed at higher irradiances. The enhancement in plasma parameters is attributed to the confinement as well as Joule heating effects caused by magnetic field employment. The confinement of the plasma is also confirmed by the analytically calculated value of magnetic pressure β, which is smaller than plasma pressure at all irradiances and delay times, and therefore confirms the validity of magnetic confinement of the V2O5 plasma.Optical emission spectra of a laser induced plasma of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) using a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns) in the presence and absence of the magnetic field of 0.45 T have been investigated. The effect of the magnetic field (B) on the V2O5 plasma at various laser irradiances ranging from 0.64 GW cm−2 to 2.56 GW cm−2 is investigated while keeping the pressure of environmental gases of Ar and Ne constant at 100 Torr. The magnetic field effect on plasma parameters of V2O5 is also explored at different delay times ranging from 0 μs to 10 μs for both environmental gases of Ar and Ne at the laser irradiance of 1.28 GW cm−2. It is revealed that both the emission intensity and electron temperature of the vanadium pentoxide plasma initially increase with increasing irradiance due to the enhanced energy deposition and mass ablation rate. After achieving a certain maximum, both exhibit a decreasing trend or saturation which is attributable to the plasma shielding effect. However, the electron density show.
Near-Surface Thermodynamic Sensitivities in Simulated Extreme-Rain-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems

AbstractThis study investigates the influences of low-level atmospheric water vapor on the precipitation produced by simulated warm-season midlatitude mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). In a series of semi-idealized numerical model experiments using initial conditions gleaned from composite environments from observed cases, small increases in moisture were applied to the model initial conditions over a layer either 600 m or 1 km deep. The precipitation produced by the MCS increased with larger moisture perturbations as expected, but the rainfall changes were disproportionate to the magnitude of the moisture perturbations. The experiment with the largest perturbation had a water vapor mixing ratio increase of approximately 2 g kg−1 over the lowest 1 km, corresponding to a 3.4% increase in vertically integrated water vapor, and the area-integrated MCS precipitation in this experiment increased by nearly 60% over the control. The locations of the heaviest rainfall also changed in response to differences in.
An Orthogonally Polarized Shared-Aperture Antenna Based on Structure Reuse of Metasurface

This letter proposes an orthogonally polarized dual-band shared-aperture antenna (SAA) based on the concept of structure reuse of metasurface (MTS). The designed MTS has two layers. At lower band, the MTS is excited by a 2 × 2 slot array to suppress the unwanted modes and stabilize the antenna pattern. At higher-band, the MTS is reused. Each cell of the MTS is considered as a stacked patch antenna and connected in series to form a 4 × 8 series-fed antenna array. The array is differentially fed through a balun to avoid tilting of the main beam. Since the polarization direction of the array is orthogonal to the MTS-based antenna, the isolation is improved. The proposed SAA has a very high aperture reuse efficiency through reusing the whole structure of MTS. In addition, the planar structure is compact and suitable for integration. As an example, we designed a SAA working at about 30 and 60 GHz to verify this concept.
The Raney generalization of Catalan numbers and the enumeration of planar embeddings

The Raney numbers Rp,r(k) are a two-parameter generalization of the Catalan numbers that were introduced by Raney in his investigation of functional composition patterns. We give a new combinatorial interpretation for the Raney numbers in terms of planar embeddings of certain collections of trees, a construction that recovers the usual interpretation of the p-Catalan numbers in terms of p-ary trees via the specialization Rp,1(k) = pck. Our technique leads to several combinatorial identities involving the Raney numbers and ordered partitions. We then give additional combinatorial interpretations of specific Raney numbers, including an identification of Rp2,p(k) with oriented trees whose vertices satisfy the “source-sink property. ” We close with comments applying these results to the enumeration of connected (non-elliptic) A2 webs that lack an internal cycle.
Similar or Unknown Fault Mode Detection of Aircraft Fuel Pump Using Transfer Learning With Subdomain Adaption

The cross-domain diagnosis method based on transfer learning (TL) provides a solution for fault diagnosis of the aircraft fuel pump. However, due to the fuel pump working in harsh conditions, unknown faults or similar faults that are difficult to distinguish are likely to occur. The diagnosis results determine whether effective maintenance measures can be taken. To overcome these weaknesses, in this article, a class adaptive TL network (CATLN) is proposed for detecting similar and unknown faults of aircraft fuel pumps. First, according to the characteristics of the collected vibration signals, a multibranch feature extractor is constructed to extract multiscale features in time domain and frequency domain. Second, a class adaptive method is designed to reduce the interclass distance of the same class by dividing the core area of the sample, and increase the interclass distance of different classes to distinguish similar faults and unknown faults. The fault data collected in the ground experiment of the fuel pump are used for transfer tasks. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the CATLN in the cross-domain fault diagnosis task containing similar or unknown fault classes.
Facial expression optimal class separability for expression recognition

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a hard work, but in the current research on expression recognition technique, the regression of recognition performance is caused by misclassification problem which is caused by non-saliency of local features for facial image. In this paper, we introduce a framework for FER using inter-class separability for regional-feature fusion based on multi-domain expression generation (GSER). We fuse the regional features from multiple layers, and the local feature from most informative regions is enhanced to improve the precision of expression classification. An inter-class separability method based on pre-defined evenly-distributed class centroids is discussed for loss function, which solve the misclassification problem of expressions. The framework is evaluated over different standard facial expression datasets including KDEF and RAF-DB, and experiments show that the problems for unbalance of sample size and misclassification are solved, the robustness and effectiveness of expression classification is improved.
Effects of Seasonal Variations on the Heavy Metal and Proximate Composition of Prawn Samples from Two Locations in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Prawn is widely consumed seafood harvested in the riverine parts of Nigeria providing a source of proteins, vitamins, minerals and essential fatty acids. Oil production activities in the Niger Delta region have significantly affected water bodies with resultant effect on seafood production and consumption. Prawn samples were collected from Nembe and Azuzuama, Bayelsa State, Nigeria and analyzed for comparison of heavy metal and proximate composition over the dry and wet seasons. High levels of cadmium (0.033 ppm and 0.027 ppm) and chromium (0.021 ppm and 0.020 ppm) were reported although they were below the recommended permissible limits. The proximate composition of the prawn samples were within the documented range. However, carbohydrate and energy content increased during the wet season while protein and lipid content reduced. The results were significant at p(0.05) r(cal)0.814<r(tab)0.974. Further studies at regular intervals are recommended for effective monitoring in a region of increasing oil production activities.
Malaria Risk Drivers in the Brazilian Amazon: Land Use—Land Cover Interactions and Biological Diversity

Malaria is a prevalent disease in several tropical and subtropical regions, including Brazil, where it remains a significant public health concern. Even though there have been substantial efforts to decrease the number of cases, the reoccurrence of epidemics in regions that have been free of cases for many years presents a significant challenge. Due to the multifaceted factors that influence the spread of malaria, influencing malaria risk factors were analyzed through regional outbreak cluster analysis and spatio-temporal models in the Brazilian Amazon, incorporating climate, land use/cover interactions, species richness, and number of endemic birds and amphibians. Results showed that high amphibian and bird richness and endemism correlated with a reduction in malaria risk. The presence of forest had a risk-increasing effect, but it depended on its juxtaposition with anthropic land uses. Biodiversity and landscape composition, rather than forest formation presence alone, modulated malaria risk in the period. Areas with low endemic species diversity and high human activity, predominantly anthropogenic landscapes, posed high malaria risk. This study underscores the importance of considering the broader ecological context in malaria control efforts.
Dark Tetrad and Empathy: The Interrelationship of Narcissism, Psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and Sadism With Affective and Cognitive Empathy

The Dark Triad, coined by Paulhus and Williams in 2002, consists of nonclinical psychopathy (violent tendencies and a lack of remorse), nonclinical narcissism (entitlement and need for admiration), and Machiavellianism (ruthlessness and exploitation) and others expanded it to include a fourth construct of sadism (pleasure in other’s suffering). Although the common unpinning of the Dark Tetrad is a lack of empathy, little empirical research has investigated the interrelationship among the components of the Dark Tetrad once empathy is delineated into affective (feeling another’s emotions) and cognitive (understanding another’s emotions) aspects. The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationship of the Dark Tetrad and affective and cognitive empathy. Over 250 participants completed measures used to assess these constructs. We hypothesized that the Dark Tetrad would be inversely related to affective empathy, but Machiavellianism and narcissism would be positively related to cognitive empathy. The hypotheses were partially supported. Sequential (hierarchical) multiple regression yielded psychopathy, β = –. 29, t(259) = –3.97, p = . 001, narcissism, β = . 20, t(260) = 3.26, p = . 001, and Machiavellianism, β = –. 17, t(259) = –2.46, p = . 02, were significant negative predictors of affective empathy. Multiple linear regression yielded psychopathy, β = –. 31, t(260) = 4.01, p < . 001, was a negative predictor whereas narcissism, β=. 13, t(260) = 2.10, p = . 04, was a positive predictor of cognitive empathy. Theoretical explanations to account for both negative and positive associations of the Dark Tetrad include empathic inducement or the ability to manipulate others by overwhelming them with emotions to solicit a sympathetic response. Future research should seek to examine the differing relationships among these traits, specifically narcissism as it manifests both negative and positive attributes of empathy simultaneously.
Constrained model predictive control for T–S fuzzy system with randomly occurring actuator saturation and packet losses via PDC and non-PDC strategies

This paper studies model predictive control for a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system with randomly occurring actuator saturation and packet losses. The nonlinearity of the actuator saturation is transformed into a set of convex hulls, while the packet losses are assumed to obey the rules of Bernoulli distribution. Both parallel-distributed-compensation (PDC) and non-parallel-distributed-compensation (non-PDC) strategies are adopted to design the controller for the system. In addition, sufficient conditions of the stability for the closed-loop system are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. It is shown that the non-PDC strategy behaves less conservatively than the PDC strategy in controlling the considered T–S fuzzy system, when the input and output constraints are explicitly considered. Two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design techniques.
Electrical properties of Si-doped GaN prepared using pulsed sputtering

In this study, we investigated the basic electrical properties of Si-doped wurtzite GaN films prepared using a low-temperature pulsed sputtering deposition (PSD) process. We found that the electron concentration can be controlled in the range between 1.5 × 1016 and 2.0 × 1020 cm−3. For lightly Si-doped GaN ([Si] = 2.1 × 1016 cm−3), the room temperature (RT) electron mobility was as high as 1008 cm2 V−1 s−1, which was dominantly limited by polar optical phonon scattering. Moreover, we found that heavily Si-doped GaN prepared using PSD exhibited an RT mobility as high as 110 cm2 V−1 s−1 at an electron concentration of 2 × 1020 cm−3, which indicated that the resistivity of this film was almost as small as those of typical transparent conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide. At lower temperatures, the electron mobility increased to 1920 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 136 K, and the temperature dependence was well explained by conventional scattering models. These results indicate that Si-doped GaN prepared using PSD is pr.
Effect of Implementing Initial Neuroprotective Nursing Care on Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

: Background : Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with long-term complication. Implementing initial neuro-protective nursing care could improve the results for TBI patients. Aim : The study aimed to assess the effect of implementing initial neuroprotective nursing care on outcomes of TBI patients . Method : This study was carried out at the emergency department of the Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University, using a quasi-experimental research method . 78 patients composed of a convenience sample, 39 of whom were in the study group and 39 of whom were in the control group, of both genders who aged more than or equal 18 years, and admitted to the previously setting were included. Data was gathered using a single tool of initial traumatic brain injury patients’ assessment tool. Results : it revealed a significant improvement in the GCS of the study group (8.48± 1.50) after the implementation of the intervention than that of the control group (7.35±1.47) also there was a statistically significant differences between both studied TBI groups post-intervention as regards pupil equality (P <0.001), pupil size (P =0.026), and the pupil reaction to light (P<0.001) and all physiological parameters (P≤0.001) . Recommendations : It is recommended to integrate initial neuro-protective nursing care on the emergent care of TBI patient. Additionally, evaluation of the long-term effects on TBI patients in varied contexts of the initial neuro-protective nursing care.
Natural variation in the prolyl 4-hydroxylase gene PtoP4H9 contributes to perennial stem growth in Populus

Abstract Perennial trees must maintain stem growth throughout their entire lifespan to progressively increase in size as they age. The overarching question of the molecular mechanisms that govern stem perennial growth in trees remains largely unanswered. Here we deciphered the genetic architecture that underlies perennial growth trajectories using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for measures of growth traits across years in a natural population of Populus tomentosa. By analyzing the stem growth trajectory, we identified PtoP4H9, encoding prolyl 4-hydroxylase 9, which is responsible for the natural variation in the growth rate of diameter at breast height (DBH) across years. Quantifying the dynamic genetic contribution of PtoP4H9 loci to stem growth showed that PtoP4H9 played a pivotal role in stem growth regulation. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that PtoP4H9 was highly expressed in cambium tissues of poplars of various ages. Overexpression and knockdown of PtoP4H9 revealed that it altered cell expansion to regulate cell wall modification and mechanical characteristics, thereby promoting stem growth in Populus. We showed that natural variation in PtoP4H9 occurred in a BASIC PENTACYSTEINE transcription factor PtoBPC1-binding promoter element controlling PtoP4H9 expression. The geographic distribution of PtoP4H9 allelic variation was consistent with the modes of selection among populations. Altogether, our study provides important genetic insights into dynamic stem growth in Populus, and we confirmed PtoP4H9 as a potential useful marker for breeding or genetic engineering of poplars.
Center-Aware Instance Segmentation for Close Objects in Industrial 3-D Point Cloud Scenes

Segmenting small-scale and close 3-D objects from a complicated 3-D point cloud scene is a crucial yet challenging task for industrial scene understanding. Previous 3-D instance segmentation work (such as PointGroup and SoftGroup) suffers from limited accuracy when dealing with objects in close proximity. This article proposes a center-aware 3-D instance segmentation framework that performs two cooperative stages, including bottom-up center-guided instance proposal generation and top-down center-aware instance mask refinement, to jointly address the challenges of segmenting close objects. In the first stage, the object clusters are first segmented from the cluttered background. We propose to determine the center of each object by predicting its k-nearest neighbors with their respective offsets, which enables an instance proposal generated for each object. In the second stage, center-based relative position encoding is performed on all points in each instance proposal. We concatenate the explicitly encoded geometric features (low-level) with high-level semantic features and construct the center-aware feature representation for instance mask prediction. We conducted experiments on a real-world industrial point cloud dataset that involves the important aero-engine component—close clamps in the cluttered scenario. The results show that our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art overall 3-D instance segmentation precision with $\mathbf{AP}_{\mathbf{avg}}$ of 0.905 and $\mathbf{AP}_{\mathbf{90}}$ of 0.736.