Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPT Clusters with DES and HST Weak Lensing. II. Cosmological Constraints from the Abundance of Massive Halos

We present cosmological constraints from the abundance of galaxy clusters selected via the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in South Pole Telescope (SPT) data with a simultaneous mass calibration using weak gravitational lensing data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The cluster sample is constructed from the combined SPT-SZ, SPTpol ECS, and SPTpol 500d surveys, and comprises 1,005 confirmed clusters in the redshift range $0.25-1.78$ over a total sky area of 5,200 deg$^2$. We use DES Year 3 weak-lensing data for 688 clusters with redshifts $z<0.95$ and HST weak-lensing data for 39 clusters with $0.6<z<1.7$. The weak-lensing measurements enable robust mass measurements of sample clusters and allow us to empirically constrain the SZ observable--mass relation. For a flat $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, and marginalizing over the sum of massive neutrinos, we measure $\Omega_\mathrm{m}=0.286\pm0.032$, $\sigma_8=0.817\pm0.026$, and the parameter combination $\sigma_8\,(\Omega_\mathrm{m}/0.3)^{0.25}=0.805\pm0.016$. Our measurement of $S_8\equiv\sigma_8\,\sqrt{\Omega_\mathrm{m}/0.3}=0.795\pm0.029$ and the constraint from Planck CMB anisotropies (2018 TT,TE,EE+lowE) differ by $1.1\sigma$. In combination with that Planck dataset, we place a 95% upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses $\sum m_\nu<0.18$ eV. When additionally allowing the dark energy equation of state parameter $w$ to vary, we obtain $w=-1.45\pm0.31$ from our cluster-based analysis. In combination with Planck data, we measure $w=-1.34^{+0.22}_{-0.15}$, or a $2.2\sigma$ difference with a cosmological constant. We use the cluster abundance to measure $\sigma_8$ in five redshift bins between 0.25 and 1.8, and we find the results to be consistent with structure growth as predicted by the $\Lambda$CDM model fit to Planck primary CMB data.
Locally dualizable modules abound

It is proved that given any prime ideal $\mathfrak{p}$ of height at least 2 in a countable commutative noetherian ring $A$, there are uncountably many more dualizable objects in the $\mathfrak{p}$-local $\mathfrak{p}$-torsion stratum of the derived category of $A$ than those that are obtained as retracts of images of perfect $A$-complexes. An analogous result is established dealing with the stable module category of the group algebra, over a countable field of positive characteristic $p$, of an elementary abelian $p$-group of rank at least 3.
Matrix product state ansatz for the variational quantum solution of the Heisenberg model on Kagome geometries

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, as applied to finding the ground state of a Hamiltonian, is particularly well-suited for deployment on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. Here we utilize the VQE algorithm with a quantum circuit ansatz inspired by the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm. To ameliorate the impact of realistic noise on the performance of the method we employ zero-noise extrapolation. We find that, with realistic error rates, our DMRG-VQE hybrid algorithm delivers good results for strongly correlated systems. We illustrate our approach with the Heisenberg model on a Kagome lattice patch and demonstrate that DMRG-VQE hybrid methods can locate, and faithfully represent the physics of, the ground state of such systems. Moreover, the parameterized ansatz circuit used in this work is low-depth and requires a reasonably small number of parameters, so is efficient for NISQ devices.
Synergistic interplays between the selective electron-phonon coupling, antiferromagnetic fluctuations and charge density wave in the YBa2Cu3Ox cuprate superconductor

This research aims to investigate the synergistic effect between charge density wave, selective electron-phonon coupling under antiferromagnetic fluctuations, as well as the unusual electron distribution observed in ARPES data in YBa2Cu3Ox superconductors (YBCO). By considering their synergistic impact, our model can calculate the superconducting transition temperature Tc of YBa2Cu3Ox as a function of pressure for x = 6.5 and 7 at a reasonable level. Moreover, we have identified a specific antiferromagnetic phonon that contributes significantly to the high Tc observed in YBCO. This finding highlights the significance of these effects in achieving high Tc values. Our study not only identifies an imbalanced charge-density wave effect for triggering selective electron-phonon coupling but also explains why the charge density wave usually occurs around the magnetic copper atoms. Furthermore, our research reveals limitations in the conventional mean-field ab-initio approximation used for antiferromagnetic fluctuations in YBCO. It shows that the dynamic behavior of electrons in YBCO might not be accurately captured by this approximation, as non-uniform magnetic fields under antiferromagnetic fluctuations induce an additional electric potential on electrons across the boundary between non-magnetic to magnetic sites instantaneously. This instantaneous electric potential, in turn, suggest that the influence of the antiferromagnetic phonon-based pairing mechanism might not have been optimized in theory
Automated Test Production - Complement to "Ad-hoc" Testing

A view on software testing, taken in a broad sense and considered a important activity is presented. We discuss the methods and techniques for applying tests and the reasons we recognize make it difficult for industry to adopt the advances observed in academia. We discuss some advances in the area and briefly point out the approach we intend to follow in the search for a solution.
GridFormer: Point-Grid Transformer for Surface Reconstruction

Implicit neural networks have emerged as a crucial technology in 3D surface reconstruction. To reconstruct continuous surfaces from discrete point clouds, encoding the input points into regular grid features (plane or volume) has been commonly employed in existing approaches. However, these methods typically use the grid as an index for uniformly scattering point features. Compared with the irregular point features, the regular grid features may sacrifice some reconstruction details but improve efficiency. To take full advantage of these two types of features, we introduce a novel and high-efficiency attention mechanism between the grid and point features named Point-Grid Transformer (GridFormer). This mechanism treats the grid as a transfer point connecting the space and point cloud. Our method maximizes the spatial expressiveness of grid features and maintains computational efficiency. Furthermore, optimizing predictions over the entire space could potentially result in blurred boundaries. To address this issue, we further propose a boundary optimization strategy incorporating margin binary cross-entropy loss and boundary sampling. This approach enables us to achieve a more precise representation of the object structure. Our experiments validate that our method is effective and outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches under widely used benchmarks by producing more precise geometry reconstructions. The code is available at https://github.com/list17/GridFormer.
Stability Analysis of Embankment Overtopping by Initial Fluctuating Water Level

It is not possible to provide resonable evidence for embankment (or dam) overtopping in geotechnical engineering, and conventional analysis by hydrologic design has not provided the evidence for the overflow. However, hydrologic design analysis using Copula function demonstrates the possibility that dam overflow occurs when estimating rainfall probability with rainfall data for 40 years based on fluctuating water level of a dam. Hydrologic dam risk analysis depends on complex hydrologic analyses in that probabilistic relationship needs to be established to quantify various uncertainties associated with modeling process and inputs. The systematic approaches to uncertainty analysis for hydrologic risk analysis have not been addressed yet. In this paper, the initial level of a dam for stability of a dam is generally determined by normal pool level or limiting the level of the flood, but overflow of probability and instability of a dam depend on the sensitivity analysis of the initial level of a dam. In order to estimate the initial level, Copula function and HEC-5 rainfall-runoff model are used to estimate posterior distributions of the model parameters. For geotechnical engineering, slope stability analysis was performed to investigate the difference between rapid drawdown and overtopping of a dam. As a result, the slope instability in overtopping of a dam was more dangerous than that of rapid drawdown condition.
Trends in Gender-Affirming Surgeries in the United States from 2010 to 2021

Abstract Introduction: In 2017, an estimated 1.6 million adults and 150,000 teenagers identified as transgender in the United States. With ever-changing legislative developments regarding health care benefits for this population and the increasing number of patients presenting for gender-affirming surgery (GAS), there is a scarcity of literature on the temporal trends within the past decade. The objective of this study was to examine the temporal trends of the utilization of GAS. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using TriNetX, a federated research network containing deidentified aggregate patient data. Using International Code of Disease (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, we identified patients with a diagnosis of gender dysphoria who underwent GAS from 2010 to 2021. Basic demographic information and complications were analyzed. Complications of interest included site failure, infection, and systemic complications. Results: We identified a total of 8,403 patients who underwent GAS between January 2010 and December 2021. The number of procedures per year increased nearly 500% between 2016 and 2021 from 421 procedures to 2,224 procedures. Our demographic results were consistent with previous survey-based studies. The average age of patients who underwent masculinizing surgeries was consistently younger than those who underwent feminizing surgeries. Most patients undergoing GAS were of white race. The overall complication rate was 4.7%. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study reveals a significant and rapid rise in the utilization of GAS in the United States, with a fivefold increase in procedures between 2016 and 2021. The demographic characteristics and low complication rates observed highlight the evolving landscape of health care for transgender individuals and the need for ongoing assessment and support in this field.
Bringing together the World Health Organization's QualityRights initiative and the World Psychiatric Association's programme on implementing alternatives to coercion in mental healthcare: a common goal for action

Background Stakeholders worldwide increasingly acknowledge the need to address coercive practices in mental healthcare. Options have been described and evaluated in several countries, as noted recently in major policy documents from the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Psychiatric Association (WPA). The WHO's QualityRights initiative promotes human rights and quality of care for persons with mental health conditions and psychosocial disabilities. A position statement from the WPA calls for implementation of alternatives to coercion in mental healthcare. Aims We describe the engagement of both the WHO and WPA in this work. We discuss their mutual aim to support countries in improving human rights and quality of care, as well as the differences between these two organisations in their stated goals related to coercion in mental healthcare: the WHO's approach to eliminate coercion and the WPA's goal to implement alternatives to coercion. Method We outline and critically analyse the common ground between the two organisations, which endorse a similar range of rights-based approaches to promoting non-coercive practices in service provision, including early intervention in prevention and care and other policy and practice changes. Results Advocacy and action based on an agreed need to find practical solutions and advances in this area have the power to build consensus and unify key actors. Conclusions We conclude that persons with lived experience, families, mental health professionals and policy makers are now coming together in several parts of the world to work toward the common goals of improving quality, promoting human rights and addressing coercion in mental health services.
Using clinical text to refine unspecific condition codes in Dutch general practitioner EHR data

Objective: Observational studies using electronic health record (EHR) databases often face challenges due to unspecific clinical codes that can obscure detailed medical information, hindering precise data analysis. In this study, we aimed to assess the feasibility of refining these unspecific condition codes into more specific codes in a Dutch general practitioner (GP) EHR database by leveraging the available clinical free text. Methods: We utilized three approaches for text classification-search queries, semi-supervised learning, and supervised learning-to improve the specificity of ten unspecific International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-1) codes. Two text representations and three machine learning algorithms were evaluated for the (semi-)supervised models. Additionally, we measured the improvement achieved by the refinement process on all code occurrences in the database. Results: The classification models performed well for most codes. In general, no single classification approach consistently outperformed the others. However, there were variations in the relative performance of the classification approaches within each code and in the use of different text representations and machine learning algorithms. Class imbalance and limited training data affected the performance of the (semi-)supervised models, yet the simple search queries remained particularly effective. Ultimately, the developed models improved the specificity of over half of all the unspecific code occurrences in the database. Conclusions: Our findings show the feasibility of using information from clinical text to improve the specificity of unspecific condition codes in observational healthcare databases, even with a limited range of machine-learning techniques and modest annotated training sets. Future work could investigate transfer learning, integration of structured data, alternative semi-supervised methods, and validation of models across healthcare settings. The improved level of detail enriches the interpretation of medical information and can benefit observational research and patient care.
Adjoint-based linear sensitivity of a supersonic boundary layer to steady wall blowing–suction/heating–cooling

Abstract For a Mach $4.5$ flat-plate adiabatic boundary layer, we study the sensitivity of the first, second Mack modes and streaks to steady wall-normal blowing/suction and wall heat flux. The global instabilities are characterised in frequency space with resolvent gains and their gradients with respect to wall-boundary conditions are derived through a Lagrangian-based method. The implementation is performed in the open-source high-order finite-volume code BROADCAST and algorithmic differentiation is used to access the high-order state derivatives of the discretised governing equations. For the second Mack mode, the resolvent optimal gain decreases when suction is applied upstream of Fedorov's mode $S$/mode $F$ synchronisation point, leading to stabilisation, and the converse when applied downstream. The largest suction gradient is in the region of branch I of mode $S$ neutral curve. For heat-flux control, strong heating at the leading edge stabilises both the first and second Mack modes, the former being more sensitive to wall-temperature control. Streaks are less sensitive to any boundary control in comparison with the Mack modes. Eventually, we show that an optimal actuator consisting of a single steady heating strip located close to the leading edge manages to damp the linear growth of all three instability mechanisms.
Vitamin D and Prebiotics for Intestinal Health in Cystic Fibrosis: Rationale and design for a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 2 × 2 trial of administration of prebiotics and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) (Pre-D Trial) in adults with cystic fibrosis

Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) have dysfunctional intestinal microbiota and increased gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation also known as GI dysbiosis. It is hypothesized that administration of high-dose cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) together with a prebiotic (inulin) will be effective, and possibly additive or synergistic, in reducing CF-related GI dysbiosis and improving intestinal functions. Thus, a 2 x 2 factorial design, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was proposed to test this hypothesis. Forty adult participants with CF will be block-randomized into one of four groups: 1) high-dose oral vitamin D3 (50,000 IU weekly) plus oral prebiotic placebo daily; 2) oral prebiotic (12 g inulin daily) plus oral placebo vitamin D3 weekly; 3) combined oral vitamin D3 weekly and oral prebiotic inulin daily; and 4) oral vitamin D3 placebo weekly and oral prebiotic placebo. The primary endpoints will include 12-week changes in the reduced relative abundance of gammaproteobacteria, and gut microbiota richness and diversity before and after the intervention. This clinical study will examine whether vitamin D3 with or without prebiotics will improve intestinal health and reduce GI dysbiosis, which in turn, should improve health outcomes and quality of life of patients with CF.
High Spatiotemporal Genetic Connectivity in the Pacific Razor Clam (Siliqua patula) throughout Cook Inlet, Alaska

ABSTRACT Beaches along Cook Inlet, AK, historically supported commercial, sport, and personal use fisheries for the Pacific razor clam (Siliqua patula). In 2015, east Cook Inlet beaches were closed to sport and personal use harvests, however, due to low abundances of adult clams with concomitant decreases in average length and percentages of large-sized razor clams. Meanwhile, razor clams in west Cook Inlet have not experienced the same decline, and west Cook Inlet beaches remain open to harvest. The universality of the trends in east Cook Inlet suggests post-settlement mortality as a primary driver, but changes in source-sink population dynamics or oceanographic processes may also differentially influence productivity. Given the differences in productivity between east- and west-side beaches, a key question is the degree to which razor clams around Cook Inlet are genetically connected. To answer this question, RAD-seq was used to discover and successfully genotype 44,040 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37–48 razor clams collected from 11 sites around Cook Inlet and one site on the Alaska Peninsula. Pairwise FST estimates indicated a lack of neutral population genetic structure across the sampled range, with no evidence of genetic isolation among samples, between east and west Cook Inlet, or between 2 y classes with sufficient sample sizes, and less than 0.1% of loci were deemed F ST outliers. Despite the lack of neutral and putatively adaptive variation, these results provide insights into the biological and ecological processes that may influence dispersal, recruitment, and stock productivity among Cook Inlet razor clam aggregations. Moreover, the knowledge gathered can assist resource managers in evaluating harvest strategies for Cook Inlet sport and commercial razor clam fisheries and provides information salient to abundance and demographic survey design.
How the Beach Restoration Process, Driven by Bound Mode Infra-Gravity Waves Underlying Swells in a Mild Sea, is Affected by the Presence of Low Crested Breakwater [LCB]: A Numerical Study

ABSTRACT Jo, Y.J. and Cho, Y.J., 2023. How the beach restoration process, driven by bound mode infra-gravity waves underlying swells in a mild sea, is affected by the presence of LCB: A numerical study. In: Lee, J.L. ; Lee, H. ; Min, B.I. ; Chang, J.-I. ; Cho, G.T. ; Yoon, J.-S. , and Lee, J. (eds.), Multidisciplinary Approaches to Coastal and Marine Management. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 116, pp. 618-622. Charlotte (North Carolina), ISSN 0749-0208. This study aims to numerically investigate the impact of Low Crested Breakwater [LCB] on the beach restoration process driven by bound mode infra-gravity waves beneath swells in a mild sea. In doing so, the authors also delve into the evolving extent of boundedness of infra-gravity waves to a wave packet during shoaling. Additionally, the authors explore the effects of this evolution on sediment transport. The infra-gravity waves were extracted from a numerically simulated wave field using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method. Numerical results reveal a transition in the cross-correlation between a wave packet and infra-gravity waves from negative to positive during shoaling, especially when the phase of infra-gravity waves is initially shifted by as much as π. These correlation patterns align well with the wave data acquired by Abdelrahman and Thornton. Furthermore, the degree of boundedness of infra-gravity waves to a wave packet has a significant impact on the sediment transport rate. When fully phase-locked, a substantial amount of sand, in the form of bedload, escapes offshore through the open inlet between LCB. Approximately 5 × 10–3m3/m of sand exits the inner zone of LCB per unit amplitude modulation period of a wave packet. Conversely, with a phase shift of π, the primary sediment transport mode at the open inlet between LCB becomes bedload. Sand migrating toward the shore balances with offshore-directed sediment transport, marking a departure from previous studies focused on monochromatic waves only.