Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How do adolescents classify foods as healthy and unhealthy?: A qualitative inquiry from rural India

Abstract Indian adolescents exhibit obesogenic dietary habits including low intake of fruits and vegetables and increasing consumption of fast food and carbonated beverages. Adolescents’ classification of healthy and unhealthy foods is likely to have significant implications for their dietary behaviour, and consequently, their health. However, there is limited evidence about the ways Indian adolescents classify foods as healthy or unhealthy. Hence, this qualitative study was designed to explore how Indian adolescents classify nutritious or non-nutritious food choices. Convenience sampling was used to recruit the study participants from Tikari village in Uttar Pradesh, India. Underpinned by the social constructivist lens, the adolescents were interviewed face-to-face in Hindi. All the interactions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English prior to data analysis. Transcribed data were analysed thematically using inductive as well as deductive coding, and subsequently, conceptual themes were extracted. A total of thirty-nine adolescents (twenty boys; nineteen girls) aged 10–19 years participated in this qualitative inquiry. The adolescents classified healthy and unhealthy foods based on the following six themes: (i) Food groups and nutrients; (ii) Health and immunity; (iii) Type of ingredient; (iv) Place and time of food preparation; (v) Packaging; and (vi) Parental influence. These findings can inform school-based food literacy interventions to foster healthy dietary habits and cooking skills among Indian adolescents.
A comparative study between Monte Carlo entropic sampling method and local mean field investigations of thermal properties of spin-crossover nanoparticles based on Ising-like model

The thermally induced transitions between low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) configurations of spin-crossover (SCO) nanoparticles are simulated, focusing on the effects of localized surface and bulk interactions on the average magnetization of 2D square lattices. The thermal behaviors and hysteresis cycles are investigated within the framework of the Ising model Hamiltonian and are conducted following two approaches: local mean field approximation (LMFA) and Monte Carlo entropic sampling (MCES) techniques. The results obtained by these two methods are compared for the two square lattice sizes, 6 $$ \times $$ 6 and 7 $$ \times $$ 7. Thus, when the bulk-surface interaction term is set to zero, the two approaches lead to identical values of the surface and bulk transition temperatures separated by a long intermediate plateau in both cases. Although hysteresis curves exhibit a similar shape, LMFA shows slightly larger widths $$ \Delta T $$ than MCES. On increasing bulk-surface interaction term, the two methods lead to different shifts in equilibrium temperature values for both bulk and surface components, respectively, to lower and higher values by MCES. In general, it is found that LMFA shifts surface equilibrium temperature differently to lower values and enhances the hysteresis effect, particularly for surface molecules. On the other hand, for the 7 $$ \times $$ 7 square lattice, the equilibrium temperatures are slightly higher by 1.5% and 3.2% for bulk and surface molecules, respectively, with a narrower hysteresis width in the surface. Moreover, with the MCES method, an abrupt transition instead of a hysteresis transition is calculated for surface molecules ($$ \Delta T_{surf}^{MCES}=0 $$ K).
Side-Scan Sonar Image Simulation Considering Imaging Mechanism and Marine Environment for Zero-Shot Shipwreck Detection

In the process of side-scan sonar (SSS) image target detection and recognition, the direct application of deep learning techniques will cause serious overfitting due to the limited amount of sonar image sample data, thus restricting the accuracy of shipwreck detection and recognition. Therefore, based on the imaging mechanism and image characteristics of SSS, this article proposes a joint ray model and sonar equation method for the simulation of SSS image samples. Primarily, the sonar equation is used to quantify the energy loss of the sound wave propagation underwater, and a ray model is established to simulate the transmission path of the sound waves underwater to realize the simulation of the SSS image. In addition, to further enhance the realism of the simulated SSS image, a target-to-target and background-to-background improved style transfer method is proposed and combined with a noise-added model to achieve the simulation of the impact of the marine environment on imaging. The method is applied to SSS target detection and identification, based on the SSS simulation imaging and data enhancement method to generate shipwreck samples for the training of the shipwreck detection model and testing with real data. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the model trained entirely on the simulation samples is comparable to the accuracy of model detection for training based on real samples, which verifies the reliability of the method.
A Review on Treatment of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Characteristics, Limitations, and Challenges of Stem Cell versus ExosomeTherapy

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a complex disorder that can result in varying degrees of infertility. Recently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy and its derivatives, such as exosomes, have been introduced as novel strategies for the treatment of POI. This review discusses the features, limitations, and challenges of MSC and exosome therapy in the treatment of POI and provides readers with new insights for comparing and selecting chemical agents, optimizing doses, and other factors involved in study design and treatment strategies. MSC therapy has been shown to improve ovarian function in some animals with POI, but it can also have side effects such as high cost, time-consuming processes, limited lifespan and cell sources, loss of original characteristics during in vitro proliferation, dependence on specific culture environments, potential immune reactions, unknown therapeutic mechanisms, etc. However, exosome therapy is a newer therapy that has not been studied as extensively as MSC therapy, but that it has shown some promise in animal studies. The evidence for the effectiveness of MSC and exosome therapy is still limited, and more research is needed to determine whether these therapies are effective and safe for women with POI. This study presents a new perspective for researchers to advance their research in the fields of cell-based and cell-free therapies.
Lightweight CNN and Image Enhancement Using in Palm Vein Recognition

Information safety is becoming increasingly important in modern society, and biometric recognition technologies have become a key to achieve information security due to its universality, permanence, distinctiveness, and collectability. This research proposed a palm vein verification system based on CNN (convolution neural network). In preprocessing step, we first perform ROI localization and image contrast adjustment, and then proceed to feature extraction through lightweight convolutional neural network. Finally, we validated our method on the CASIA palm vein dataset. As a result, the system achieved an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 0.529%, which is superior compared to other renowned architectures, and it also possesses the minimal parameter count and the fastest execution speed.
The Effectiveness of a Group Guidance Program Based on Mindfulness in Improving Job Satisfaction Among Male and Female Teachers

The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a group guidance program based on mindfulness in improving job satisfaction among male and female teachers. The study sample consisted of (60) male and female teachers, divided into two groups: an experimental group that underwent a group guidance program to improve job satisfaction for a period of eight weeks, at a rate of two meetings per week, the duration of each meeting (60) minutes. His control group was not subject to any program. The job satisfaction scale (pre-measurement) was applied to all study members, then the guidance program was applied to the members of the experimental group, and the study scale (post-measurement) was reapplied, and the results indicated an improvement in the level of job satisfaction in the experimental group, and no effect of sex appeared.
The Changing Body: Health, Nutrition, and Human Development in the Western World since 1700

Humans have become much taller and heavier, and experience healthier and longer lives than ever before in human history. However it is only recently that historians, economists, human biologists and demographers have linked the changing size, shape and capability of the human body to economic and demographic change. This fascinating and groundbreaking book presents an accessible introduction to the field of anthropometric history, surveying the causes and consequences of changes in health and mortality, diet and the disease environment in Europe and the United States since 1700. It examines how we define and measure health and nutrition as well as key issues such as whether increased longevity contributes to greater productivity or, instead, imposes burdens on society through the higher costs of healthcare and pensions. The result is a major contribution to economic and social history with important implications for today's developing world and the health trends of the future.
Noise-robust Pitch Detection Based on Super-Resolution Harmonics

In order to improve the performance of pitch detection algorithms in a noisy scenario, we propose a noise-robust pitch detection model based on super-resolution harmonics. The model consists of denoise, integration, and super-resolution modules. The Denoisy module highlights the harmonic structure of speech in the frequency domain to reduce noise interference. The enhanced spectrum is multiplied by an integral matrix to obtain a pitch-harmonic integration spectrum. The super-resolution module adjusts the low-resolution pitch-harmonic integration spectrum and outputs fine results. In addition, dynamic programming is employed for pitch tracking to eliminate those singular spots in the preliminary results. The experimental results show that the proposed model significantly outperforms the referenced approaches, including SWIPE, CREPE, HarmoF0, and HGCN+. The results also show that the model can work well even under low SNR.
The petrology and significance of a stratiform mafic segregation pegmatite in a Karoo-aged dolerite sheet

A sub-horizontal stratiform mafic segregation pegmatite, of the order of 30 cm thick, occurs within 25 m of the top contact of a Karoo-aged dolerite sheet at Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. The host rock is an orthopyroxene-rich dolerite containing 5-8% interstitial granophyre. The pegmatite is similar to the host dolerite in many respect that the granophyre content is higher, and acicular augite is the only pyroxene. At its upper contact, a laterally continuous sub-horizontal joint forms a sharp boundary to the pegmatite, whilst the lower contact is gradational over a few millimetres. Low MgO and chalcophiles, and elevated incompatible element contents, are the main geochemical attributes of the pegmatite. The footwall of the stratiform pegmatite is characterized by slightly elevated incompatible element contents up to 0.74 m from the contact, and small, irregular pods of pegmatite occur within 0.5 m of the main pegmatite layer. In the hanging-wall dolerite, incompatible element enrichment is confined to within 0.3 m of pegmatite. Inter-element plots of the incompatible elements (T1O 2 , Zr, and Y) and compatible elements (MgO, Cr, and Ni) produce linear regression lines with correlation coefficients of 0.98 or better, indicating the consanguinity of the hanging-wall and footwall dolerites and the enclosed pegmatite, with no evidence for assimilation of country rock material. The pegmatite represents an estimated 25 to 35% fractionation of the dolerite, which accords with the results of comparable studies on similar bodies of rock. In common with other documented cases, the pegmatite is situated within the upper 50% of the intrusion. Although segregation may have taken place within a single intrusion, the sharp, jointed upper contact suggests that the pegmatite could have accumulated at the interface between a new influx of magma and the overlying, partially crystalline, products of an earlier influx within a multiple intrusion. Pegmatites in small intrusions of the type described here are considered to be incipient forms of the more complexly evolved pegmatites found in large layered intrusions.
Coupled Price–Volume Equity Models with Auto-Induced Regime Switching

In this work, we present a rigorous development of a model for the Price–Volume relationship of transactions introduced in 2009. For this development, we rely on the precise formulation of diffusion auto-induced regime-switching models presented in our previous work of 2020. The auto-induced regime-switching models referred to may be based on a finite set of stochastic differential equations (SDE)—all defined on the same bounded time interval—and a sequence of interlacing stopping times defined by the hitting threshold times of the trajectories of the solutions of the SDE. The coupling between price and volume—which we take as a proxy of liquidity—is assumed to be the following: the regime switching in the price variable occurs at the stopping times for which there is a change of region—in the product state space of price and liquidity—for the liquidity variable (and vice versa). The regimes may be defined parametrically—that is, the SDE coefficients keep the same functional form but with varying parameters—or the functional form of the SDE coefficients may change with each regime. By using the same noise source for both the price and the liquidity regime-switching models—volume (liquidity), which, in general, is not a tradable asset—we ensure that despite incorporating information on liquidity, the price part of the coupled model can be assumed to be arbitrage free and complete, allowing the pricing and hedging of derivatives in a simple way.
3D LIDAR SEGMENTATION BASED ON EUCLIDEAN CLUSTERING FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM

This paper presents a method for 3D LiDAR segmentation based on Euclidean clustering specifically designed for embedded systems. LiDAR sensors are widely used for perception tasks in autonomous vehicles, robotics, and other applications, providing dense point cloud data of the environment. Segmentation of the point cloud into meaningful objects is essential for understanding the surroundings and making informed decisions. Euclidean clustering is an effective approach for grouping points based on spatial proximity, enabling object segmentation. However, implementing such algorithms on embedded systems poses challenges due to limited computational resources. In this work, we propose an optimized implementation of the Euclidean clustering algorithm tailored for embedded systems to achieve real-time performance on the embedded system. The proposed approach involves acquiring raw point cloud data from the LiDAR sensor and preprocessing it to reduce noise and size. Adaptive Euclidean clustering is then applied to group points into clusters based on their spatial proximity. Extracted features such as centroids and bounding boxes are utilized for object classification and segmentation. Post-processing steps refine the segmentation results, improving accuracy and removing spurious clusters
Determination of the chemical composition of Martian soil and rocks: The alpha proton X ray spectrometer

The alpha proton X ray spectrometer (APXS) for the Mars Pathfinder mission is designed to provide a complete and detailed analysis of chemical elements in Martian soil and rocks near the landing site. The APXS instrument is carried on the Pathfinder Microrover, which will provide transportation to places of interest on the Martian surface. It consists of a complex sensor head, mounted on a simple but sophisticated APXS deployment mechanism (ADM) outside the warm electronics box (WEB) of the Microrover, and the instrument electronics, mounted inside the WEB. The ADM permits the instrument sensor head to be placed against soil and rock samples in arbitrary positions, ranging from horizontal to vertical, in order to perform in situ analysis. The possibility to transport the APXS to an arbitrary location, preselected on Earth, and to perform in situ analysis there, constitutes one of the most exciting aspects of the Pathfinder mission. The principle of the APXS technique is based on three interactions of alpha particles from a radioisotope source with matter: simple Rutherford backscattering, production of protons from (α, p) reactions on light elements, and generation of characteristic X rays upon recombination of atomic shell vacancies created by a bombardment. Measurement of the intensities and energy distributions of these three components yields information on the abundance of chemical elements in the sample. In terms of sensitivity and selectivity, data are partly redundant and partly complementary: alpha backscattering is superior for light elements (C, O), while proton emission is mainly sensitive to Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, and X ray emission is more sensitive to heavier elements (Na to Fe and beyond). A combination of all three measurements enables determination of all elements (with the exception of H and He) present at concentration levels above typically a fraction of 1%.
A Parameterized Approach to Partitioning Between Focused and Diffuse Heat Output and Modeling Hydrothermal Recharge at The East Pacific Rise 9°50´N

Ever since the discovery of seafloor hydrothermal systems at mid ocean ridges, scientists have been trying to understand the complex dynamic processes by which thermal energy is transported advectively by chemically reactive aqueous fluids from Earth’s interior to the surface. Hydrothermal systems are generally assumed to consist of a heat source and a fluid circulation system. Understanding the interconnected physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes at oceanic spreading centers is important because these processes affect the global energy and biogeochemical budgets of the Earth system. Despite two decades of focused study of hydrothermal systems, several key questions remain concerning the behavior and evolution of hydrothermal vent systems. Among these are: (a) the partitioning of heat transport between focused and diffuse flow, and (b) the spatial extent and distribution of hydrothermal recharge. These are the main topics of investigation in this thesis. To address these issues, I first use a single-pass modeling approach using a variety of observational data in a simple parametric scale analysis of a hydrothermal vent field to determine fundamental parameters associated with the circulation and magmatic heat transfer for a number of seafloor hydrothermal systems for which the constraining
Determinants Impacting the Use of Antibiotics Among Patients Visiting the Dental Clinic at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda

The primary objective of this investigation was to identify the factors influencing the usage of antibiotics among patients seeking care at the Dental Clinic within Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, situated in Bushenyi-Ishaka Municipality, Western Uganda. The study employed a cross-sectional hospital-based survey, gathering data between February and July 2022. This design enables the collection of specific parameters at a single point in time. Analyzed data was presented through tables and figures, illustrating frequencies and proportions. For continuous variables, univariate analysis was conducted, presenting measures of central tendency (such as mean, median, and mode) and measures of dispersion (like range, interquartile range, and standard deviation) for various independent variables. The study revealed that financial constraints were cited by patients and health center nurses as a significant factor causing delays in seeking dental care and occasionally resulting in non-attendance at the dental department. From interviews, patient-related factors emerged, including knowledge about oral health services, awareness of services offered in dental clinics, perceived necessity, fear, anxiety, and access to oral health services. Consequently, the study recommended an enhancement in oral health education initiatives, particularly leveraging media channels, due to a shortage of community oral health personnel. The aim is to extensively educate the population about preventing oral diseases and the appropriate timing for seeking oral health services, enabling individuals to make well-informed decisions regarding their oral health. Keywords: Antibiotics, bacterial infections, Dental Clinic, Oral health.
Detailed plate boundary structure off northeast Japan coast

In 1997, a seismic experiment using an airgun array and ocean bottom seismographs (OBSs) was performed in the forearc region of the northeast Japan (NEJ) arc. The objectives of this experiment were to clarify whole of the velocity structure around the forearc region of NEJ arc including a detailed plate boundary structure and the heterogeneous structure. In this paper, we estimated the heterogeneous velocity structure around the forearc region of northeast Japan by applying 2‐D ray tracing and travel time inversion to the airgun‐OBS data. The depth where the island arc Moho comes into contact with the subducting oceanic crust is about 20 km. We suggest the existence of an oceanic layerl overlying the oceanic crust subducting down to at least near 18 km by comparing observed waveforms with these calculated using the reflectivity method.
Geomorphological study of Sand Dunes with special reference to their Hydrogeology in Southern Coast of Odisha, India

The southern coast of Odisha enjoys a humid tropical climate. Availability of favourable conditions for dune development i.e. abundant sand supply, strong onshore wind and flat ground adjacent to the coast has given rise to all the possible types of dunes like embryo dune, fore dune, frontal dune, intermediate dune, back dune and palaeo-dune etc. These dunes differ from each other in their geometry and place of accumulation of sand. They support different types of vegetation like casurina, cashew, coconut, date palm, kewra as well as act like a buffer zone in protecting the coastal part from destructive effects of wave, tide, cyclone and tsunami. The sand dunes also serve as storehouses of different placer minerals like monazite, zircon, ilmenite, rutile and sillimanite. Being made up of unconsolidated and well sorted sands, the dunes possess appreciably high porosity and permeability making them good receptacles for storage of fresh groundwater. The water is mostly alkaline, moderately hard, fresh and potable and is used for drinking and agricultural purposes by the people of the coastal saline environment. The electrical conductivities of ground water varies from 399 to 1313 µs/cm. When the ground water is fresh the facies is (Na+K) - HCO 3 type but when it is brackish facies is (Na+K) - (Cl + NO 3) type. Unsystematic exploitation of the sand dunes has resulted in imbalance of the coastal ecosystem, which is to be restored for the welfare of the inhabitants.