Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring entrepreneurial characteristics among university students: an evidence from India

The purpose of this paper is to explore the entrepreneurial characteristics among university students in India studying business and also comparing the levels of entrepreneurial characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and entrepreneurially not inclined students. ,In this study, the authors included six entrepreneurial characteristics, namely, risk taking propensity, innovativeness, locus of control, need for achievement, general self-efficacy and tolerance for ambiguity to define the entrepreneurial profile of students. Convenient sampling was used for collecting the data using a seven-point Likert scale based on 38-items self-administered questionnaire. Data were collected from three universities of different cities, namely, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, CSJM University, Kanpur and KMCUAF University, Lucknow. In total, 300 questionnaires were distributed in each of the universities, and 719 questionnaires were found statistically suitable for the study. Students were asked the question “What career option are you planning to choose after completing your graduation? ” to know the inclination of the students. ,Results of the t-test confirmed that levels of all the entrepreneurial characteristics are higher in entrepreneurially inclined students when compared to entrepreneurially not inclined students except in terms of general self-efficacy. Thus, entrepreneurially inclined students carry higher risk taking propensity, innovativeness, locus of control, need for achievement and tolerance for ambiguity. ,This study is confined only to undergraduate students from business background, and only three universities were included in the sample. Further research can be done taking students from different streams, namely, engineering, science and technology and arts etc. University-wise studies can also be conducted with the view to bring comparability among the students in terms of levels of entrepreneurial characteristics based upon the inclination shown. ,This research provides the deeper understanding about what course contents are effective in developing entrepreneurial characteristics among the students and what are to be added with the view to raise potential entrepreneurs. ,This paper contributes to establishing the differences across different entrepreneurial characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-inclined undergraduate students.
Moving Direction Predicting with Deep Neural Networks for Mobile Robots

Localization and navigation is a challenge in the robot field. At present, the commonly used methods include GPS/INS integrated navigation and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). Integrated navigation does not need to map the scene, which can adapt to the unknown environment well. But the satellite signal is easy to be jammed, resulting in large positioning error. The SLAM method does not depend on external signals, and has good adaptability to occlusion, especially the indoor environment. But SLAM needs to establish a map in advance. It is very difficult and high costly for robots to automatically establish a new high-precision map in a strange environment, and the map has no directionality without manual labeling. Aiming at the above problems, this paper proposes an image navigation method based on a deep neural network to determine the motion direction of the robots. In contrast to the traditional localization-planning navigation methods, the proposed method directly models the relevance between images and final navigation results, which simplifies the complex navigation problem into a pattern classification problem. In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, we collected a set of campus data and designed experiments. The results show that the method can effectively indicate the moving direction for robot navigation.
Parafoveal Semantic Preview Effect in Reading of Chinese-Korean Bilinguals

1 INTRODUTION 6 Parafoveal Preview Benefit 7 Boundary Paradigm 8 Semantic Preview Benefit 10 Semantic Preview Benefit in Chinese Reading 12 1. Chinese Writing System 13 2. Perceptual Span in Chinese Reading14 THE PRESENT BILINGUAL STUDY 16 EXPERIMENT 119 Participants 19 Apparatus 19 Procedure 20 Materials 21 Data Analysis 23 Discussion 29 EXPERIMENT 231
Correlation between Organelle Genetic Variation and RNA Editing in Dinoflagellates Associated with the Coral Acropora digitifera

Abstract In order to develop successful strategies for coral reef preservation, it is critical that the biology of both host corals and symbiotic algae are investigated. In the Ryukyu Archipelago, which encompasses many islands spread over ∼500 km of the Pacific Ocean, four major populations of the coral Acropora digitifera have been studied using whole-genome shotgun (WGS) sequence analysis (Shinzato C, Mungpakdee S, Arakaki N, Satoh N. 2015. Genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis explains coral diversity and recovery in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Sci Rep. 5:18211. ). In contrast, the diversity of the symbiotic dinoflagellates associated with these A. digitifera populations is unknown. It is therefore unclear if these two core components of the coral holobiont share a common evolutionary history. This issue can be addressed for the symbiotic algal populations by studying the organelle genomes of their mitochondria and plastids. Here, we analyzed WGS data from ∼150 adult A. digitifera, and by mapping reads to the available reference genome sequences, we extracted 2,250 sequences representing 15 organelle genes of Symbiodiniaceae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of these mitochondrial and plastid gene sets revealed that A. digitifera from the southern Yaeyama islands harbor a different Symbiodiniaceae population than the islands of Okinawa and Kerama in the north, indicating that the distribution of symbiont populations partially matches that of the four host populations. Interestingly, we found that numerous SNPs correspond to known RNA-edited sites in 14 of the Symbiodiniaceae organelle genes, with mitochondrial genes showing a stronger correspondence than plastid genes. These results suggest a possible correlation between RNA editing and SNPs in the two organelle genomes of symbiotic dinoflagellates.
A Bandwidth-Efficient Cooperative Authentication Scheme for Filtering Injected False Data in Wireless Sensor Networks

‘A bandwidth-efficient cooperative authentication (BECAN)’ scheme is one of the efficient method for filtering injected false/ unwanted data in Wireless sensor Networks. Injecting false data attack is a well known serious threat to wireless sensor network, for which an antagonist reports spurious information to sink causing error decision at upper level and energy waste in en-route nodes. ‘Sensor node could be easily compromised as the attacker can gain control obtain key values and change the properties of the node. This results in a false report to sink and energy waste in en-route nodes’. The proposed BECAN scheme can save energy by early detecting and filtering the most of injected false data with less time and difficulty at the en-route nodes. The creation of BULK folder in emails is one of such examples. In addition, only a very small amount of injected false data needs to be checked by the sink, thereby reducing the burden on sink. To filter the false data, the BECAN scheme adopts cooperative neighbor router (CNR)-based filtering mechanism. Hence it achieves not only high filtering probability but also high reliability. ‘Based on the random graph characteristics of sensor node employment and the cooperative bit-compressed authentication technique, the proposed BECAN scheme can save energy by early detecting and filtering the majority of injected false data with minor extra overheads at the en-route nodes. In addition, only a very small fraction of injected false data needs to be checked by the sink, which thus largely reduces the burden of the sink. Both theoretical and simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of high filtering probability and energy saving’. Experimentation done with this paper has yielded satisfactory results based on IEEE research works and found to be implementable.
A review of environmental impact indicators of cultural heritage buildings: a circular economy perspective

This paper is the first in-depth review of the state of the art of environmental impact indicators for adaptive reuse of cultural heritage (ARCH) buildings from a circular economy perspective. Buildings are a necessary component of sustainability planning because they are significant consumers of natural resources, producers of construction and demolition waste, and contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, buildings, particularly ARCH buildings, are long lasting; therefore, measuring and managing their environmental impacts is crucial to achieving the universal vision of a sustainable, low-carbon economy. The research answers the questions, ‘What are the environmental impact indicators used by individual ARCH building project analyses? ’ and ‘Are the most commonly used indicators reflecting Circular Economy concepts? ’ It synthesizes and defines current practice in the field whilst highlighting the gaps between practice and policy. Although the term ‘Circular Economy’ is not explicitly and routinely used in the literature, related concepts such as life cycle analysis, energy consumption reduction, energy efficiency, and embodied carbon/energy are evident at the project level. Concrete and measured environmental indicators are not mainstream. However, narratives of environmental protection feature prominently in the literature, indicating an environmental motivation for repurposing cultural heritage buildings. Further, there is a gap between common indicators of circularity and the ARCH building project level indicators shown in the dataset.
Diversity of the southern Africa Lacustricola Myers, 1924 and redescription of Lacustricola johnstoni (Günther, 1894) and Lacustricola myaposae (Boulenger, 1908) (Cyprinodontiformes, Procatopodidae)

Abstract Through the analysis of a comprehensive database of COI sequences, with the sequencing of 48 specimens, a first insight into the genetic diversity, distribution and relationships between the southern Africa “Lacustricola” species is presented. Species from “Lacustricola” occur mainly in freshwater systems within the arid savanna, and are considered to be widely distributed in southern Africa, but most of them are data deficient taxa. Two species are redescribed, “Lacustricola” johnstoni (Günther, 1894) and “Lacustricola” myaposae (Boulenger, 1908), based on specimens collected at their respective type localities. Detailed osteological and life colouration information is presented for the first time. “Lacustricola” johnstoni was described from the Upper Shire River in Mangochi, Lake Malawi but is herein considered as widespread in the Okavango, Zambezi, southern Africa east coastal drainages and the Bangweulu in the Congo System. A sympatric similar species occurring in the Okavango is also identified. “Lacustricola” myaposae (Boulenger, 1908), was described from the Nseleni River in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa and is herein considered to be endemic to the small coastal river drainages within this region. Lectotypes for both “L. ” johnstoni and “L. ” myaposae are designated. A new species from the Lualaba River in the Congo System, sister to “L. ” macrurus is identified, and the deep bodied “L. ” jubbi is considered sister taxon to a clade including “L. ” johnstoni and “L. ” myaposae.
Potential Soil Carbon Sequestration and CO2 Offset by Dedicated Energy Crops in the USA

Energy crops are fast-growing species whose biomass yields are dedicated to the production of more immediately usable energy forms, such as liquid fuels or electricity. Biomass-based energy sources can offset, or displace, some amount of fossil-fuel use. Energy derived from biomass provides 2 to 3% of the energy used in the U.S.A. ; but, with the exception of corn-(Zea mays L.)-to-ethanol, very little energy is currently derived from dedicated energy crops. In addition to the fossil-fuel offset, energy cropping might also mitigate an accentuated greenhouse gas effect by causing a net sequestration of atmospheric C into soil organic C (SOC). Energy plantations of short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) or herbaceous crops (HC) can potentially be managed to favor SOC sequestration. This review is focused primarily on the potential to mitigate atmospheric CO2 emissions by fostering SOC sequestration in energy cropping systems deployed across the landscape in the United States. We know that land use affects the dynamics of the SOC pool, but data about spatial and temporal variability in the SOC pool under SRWC and HC are scanty due to lack of well-designed, long-term studies. The conventional methods of studying SOC fluxes involve paired-plot designs and chronosequences, but isotopic techniques may also be feasible in understanding temporal changes in SOC. The rate of accumulation of SOC depends on land-use history, soil type, vegetation type, harvesting cycle, and other management practices. The SOC pool tends to be enhanced more under deep-rooted grasses, N-fixers, and deciduous species. Carbon sequestration into recalcitrant forms in the SOC pool can be enhanced with some management practices (e.g., conservation tillage, fertilization, irrigation); but those practices can carry a fossil-C cost. Reported rates of SOC sequestration range from 0 to 1.6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under SRWC and 0 to 3 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 under HC. Production of 5 EJ of electricity from energy crops—a perhaps reasonable scenario for the U.S.A. —would require about 60 Mha. That amount of land is potentially available for conversion to energy plantations in the U.S.A. The land so managed could mitigate C emissions (through fossil C not emitted and SOC sequestered) by about 5.4 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. On 60 Mha, that would represent 324 Tg C yr−1—a 20% reduction from current fossil-fuel CO2 emissions. Advances in productivity of fast-growing SRWC and HC species suggest that deployment of energy cropping systems could be an effective strategy to reduce climate-altering effects of anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to meet global policy commitments.
Prediction of planktonic protistan grazing rates

Data on planktonic protistan feeding were gathered from the literature and multiple regression statistics used to find a model that would predict ingestion rates over a wide range of biological and environmental conditions. The proposed model (with an R2 = 0.75) includes temperature and cell volumes and concentrations of both prey and predthough these did not show the saturation of a typical hyperbolic relationship, most likely due to the nature of the data and the statistical model itself. Larger predator concentrations as well as larger prey cell volumes resulted in decreased ingestion rates. ator as explanatory variables. Data from a lotic systern departed from the rest of the data set, but marine Planktonic heterotrophic protists are ubiqand lentic systems were indistinguishable. Whether uitous in aquatic environments. Although their the grazing experiments were done with direct or ecological role as an energy link to higher troindirect methods was not important. All continuous phic levels or a sink (Pomeroy 199 1) and their variables presented a power relationship with respect to ingestion rate with the exception of temperature, importance as nutrient regenerators (Caron which had an exponential relationship. Prey con199 1) are debated, they are a fundamental part centration had a direct effect on ingestion rates, alof aquatic food webs (with the possible exclusion of stream ecosystems). Planktonic protists are thought to have a high washout rate in Acknowledgments streams (Fenchel 1987) but there are excepI thank Thelma Richardson for computer and SAS astions like the Ogeechee River (Georgia) where sistance and the staff of the Statistical Consulting Center Protist abundance is comparable to that of othof the University of Georgia, especially Toshihide Hamazaki, for their assistance with multiple regression statistics; er aquatic habitats (Carlough and Meyer 1989). however, any errors of fact or interpretation remain my To gain a more quantitative grasp of phagosole responsibility. I also thank Susan Bennet, David Bird, trophic protistan impact, it is important to Mike Pace, Karel Simek, Suzanne Strom, and Peter Verity know who “eats” whom and how much and for sharing unpublished data. Comments by Larry Pomeroy, Josep M. Gasol, Mary Ann Moran, Peter Verity, and what biological and environmental variables three anonymous reviewers greatly improved earlier drafts affect “dinner” and how. Adequate data have of this paper. been gathered on protistan grazing rates from This work was supported by NSF grant OCE 91-l 5673 both lab and field experiments over a range of to L. R. Pomeroy and W. J. Wiebe. conditions. Perhaps the most well-known vari-
Cultural change in the songs of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Tonga

Some humpback whales migrate annually from Antarctic feeding grounds to the seas around the Tongan Islands to give birth and mate. The Tongan humpbacks are considered part of Southern Hemisphere Group V that splits during migration, some swimming to Eastern Australia and others to various Polynesian Islands. During this time long complex songs are produced. The song is thought to be a male breeding display and may serve either as an intra-sexual or an inter-sexual signal or both. It is in a constant state of change that occurs every season. Since these changes are directional they cannot be described by drift, and singers incorporate changes as they occur, thus song must be shared through cultural transmission. This investigation describes the cultural changes that occurred in 158 songs recorded from Tongan humpbacks through the 1990s. The rate of change differed within years, some themes were retained for as much as five years and others were lost after only two years. The farther apart the years the less similar are the songs, as in the humpback songs of the Northern Hemisphere. The largest number of changes seems to have occurred in the early 1990s where all themes seemed to have been lost and new ones originated. What initiates these changes remains speculative, but we assess some hypotheses in relation to humpback whale behaviour and cultural transmission in avian song.
Merocytic Dendritic Cells Compose a Conventional Dendritic Cell Subset with Low Metabolic Activity

Key Points Merocytic dendritic cells (mcDCs) express ZBTB46 and originate from pre-cDCs. mcDCs are dependent on IRF-4 and express a unique gene signature. mcDCs exhibit a different metabolic phenotype relative to other DC subsets. Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are arguably the most potent APCs that induce the activation of naive T cells in response to pathogens. In addition, at steady-state, cDCs help maintain immune tolerance. Two subsets of cDCs have been extensively characterized, namely cDC1 and cDC2, each contributing differently to immune responses. Recently, another dendritic cell (DC) subset, termed merocytic DCs (mcDCs), was defined. In contrast to both cDC1 and cDC2, mcDCs reverse T cell anergy, properties that could be exploited to potentiate cancer treatments. Yet, whether mcDCs represent an unconventional DC or a cDC subset remains to be defined. In this article, we further characterize mcDCs and find that they bear true characteristics of cDC subsets. Indeed, as for cDCs, mcDCs express the cDC-restricted transcription factor Zbtb46 and display very potent APC activity. In addition, mcDC population dynamics parallels that of cDC1 and cDC2 in both reconstitution kinetic studies and parabiotic mice. We next investigated their relatedness to cDC1 and cDC2 and demonstrate that mcDCs are not dependent on cDC1-related Irf8 and Batf3 transcription factors, are dependent on Irf4, a cDC2-specific transcription factor, and express a unique transcriptomic signature. Finally, we find that cDC1, cDC2, and mcDCs all present with different metabolic phenotypes, in which mcDCs exhibit the lowest glucose uptake activity and mcDC survival is the least affected by glycolysis inhibition. Defining the properties of mcDCs in mice may help identify a functionally equivalent subset in humans leading to the development of innovative cancer immunotherapies.
THERMAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF BILIRUBIN IX‐α *

Bilirubin IX-a is the end product of heme catabolism in man and most animals. The pigment has no known physiological function and is normally excreted by the liver in a process that involves conversion to bilirubin IX-a! diglucuronide and other conjugates. ' In the newborn baby the liver is functionally immature and bilirubin conjugation may be temporarily impaired shortly after birth. This causes an accumulation of bilirubin IX-a and can lead to a transient jaundice known as neonatal jaundice, physiologic jaundice of the newborn, or neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. ,2 Although neonatal jaundice is usually temporary and benign, it is not necessarily an innocuous condition, particularly when it is exacerbated by other factors such as prematurity or increased bile pigment production due to excessive hemolysis. y 2 Bilirubin IX-a! is n e u r o t ~ x i c , ~ and if the concentration of pigment in the blood becomes sufficiently high, it may diffuse into the brain and cause irreversible brain damage. Therapeutic measures for neonatal jaundice are all aimed at reducing the concentration of circulating bilirubin 1x4 and minimizing the risk of pigment entering the brain. Nowadays the most extensively used treatment is p h ~ t o t h e r a p y . ~ In phototherapy the infant is irradiated with visible light from a fluorescent light fixture, and this has the effect of bleaching the child and causing a reduction in the concentration of circulating bilirubin 1x1~. Despite the widespread use of phototherapy, the question of its safety is still somewhat c o n t r ~ v e r s i a l , ~ * ~ and it has yet t o be determined how the treatment works at the molecular level. Although conjugation is the normal predominant mechanism for bilirubin IX-a! excretion, there are other less efficient and poorly characterized pathways by which the pigment can be eliminated.7 For example, in humans and animals that are genetically unable to conjugate bilirubin IX-a, although the serum level of the compound is elevated, it does not rise indefinitely and there is a steady excretion of bilirubin metabolites into the bile.7 These metabolites are thought to be degradation products, but their structures and mode of formation are presently unknown. In connection with studies on the mechanism of phototherapy and the alternate pathways of bilirubin IX-or metabolism, it became necessary to examine the stability of the pigment under light and dark conditions. In this paper the results of some of these studies are summarized and their relevance to bilirubin IX-a metabolism and photometabolism is briefly discussed.