Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Composite Ceramics in the Na 2 O ‐ CaO ‐ SiO 2 ‐ P 2 O 5 System Obtained from Pastes including Hydroxyapatite and an Aqueous Solution of Sodium Silicate

: The new approach to obtaining ceramic materials in the Na 2 O ‐ CaO ‐ SiO 2 ‐ P 2 O 5 system based on the binder—an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and filler—hydroxyapatite was shown in current research. After heat treatment at 500 °C and 700 °C, the ceramic samples included non ‐ reacted hydroxyapatite Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 , β‐ rhenanite β‐ NaCaPO 4 and sodium calcium silicophosphate Na 2 Ca 4 (PO 4 ) 2 SiO 4 . An increase in temperature to 900 °C and 1100 °C allowed to obtain ceramic materials with the following phases: devitrite Na 2 Ca 3 Si 6 O 16 , β‐ rhenanite β‐ NaCaPO 4 , β‐ wollastonite β‐ CaSiO 3 , and silicon dioxide SiO 2 . The strength of ceramic samples rose with increasing temperature from ≈ 7.0 MPa (bending) and ≈ 7.2 MPa (compression) at 500 °C to ≈ 9.5 MPa (bending) and ≈ 31.6 MPa (compression) at 1100 °C. At the same time, the apparent density decreased from 1.71 g/cm 3 to 1.15 g/cm 3 . The top of the compressive strength equal to 31.6 MPa was observed when the apparent density was 1.15 g/cm 3 . Obtained ceramics consisted of biocompatible phases, widely studied in the literature; thus, it confirms the possibility of using an aqueous solution of sodium silicate in medical materials science.
Study on Friction and Wear Properties of 23CrNi3Mo Carburized Steel under Water Lubrication

In this paper the friction and wear of 23CrNi3Mo carburized steel under water lubrication were studied. The friction and wear properties of carburized steel sliding with stainless steel, GCr15, Al2O3 and ZrO2 balls were analyzed by tribometer, 3-D topography and SEM. The results show that compared with other materials, ZrO2 and carburizing steel have better tribological properties. Compared with Al2O3, the wear depth of carburized steel sliding with ZrO2 is reduced by 41% at the load of 2 N and 50% at the load of 10 N. In the load range of 2N-10N, the wear rate of carburized steel is the lowest when rubbing with ZrO2, and it gradually decreases when the load increases. Combined with SEM and Raman spectrum analysis, Oxide film was formed on the surface of carburized steel during the sliding test of ZrO2 and carburized steel. This oxide film was mainly composed of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, which effectively reduces the friction coefficient and wear rate of 23CrNi3Mo carburized steel under water lubrication.
Implementation of Smart City Concept for Sustainable Development in Semarang Old Town Area

The Old Town Area of Semarang has become a ’Pilot Project’ for developing the smart city concept in Semarang. On the other hand, this area is a cultural heritage area, so the implementation of the smart city concept should be able to support the preservation of buildings and the history of the area. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the implementation of smart cities, considering that activities in the Old Town Area have decreased drastically. This study aims to identify the application of the smart city concept in the Old Town Area of Semarang. The study conducted was in 2020, when the Covid-19 pandemic was still occurring in the community.The study’s initial stage was compiling the dimensions and indicators of smart cities as study variables and exploring smart city regulations in Semarang. In the second stage, to obtain information on the implementation of a smart city in the Old Town Area of Semarang, we conducted interviews with stakeholders from the government, cultural heritage activists, and communities related to the Old Town Area, and building occupants. As a result, we collected information regarding the implementation of smart city before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The content analysis processed the result of the interview. Meanwhile, we used descriptive analysis techniques to study the dimensions and indicators and smart city regulations in Semarang. From the study results, the implementation of smart city in the Old Town of Semarang was organized into categories: appropriate, still not suitable and not suitable. The dimension of smart city that has appropriate is Smart Living. The dimensions that are still not suitable are Smart Governance, Smart Environment, Smart Economy and Smart Mobility. Meanwhile, the dimension that has not suitable is Smart People. Based on the six dimensions of smart city, there are 25 indicators, and the study results state that only 18 indicators are appropriate.
Life cycle GHG emissions of the Austrian building stock: A combined bottom-up and top-down approach

Construction and operation of buildings are responsible for 37% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In contrast, the Austria’s National Inventory Report attributes a mere 10% of national emissions to buildings – including only direct operational emissions of residential and service sector buildings. This narrow definition of the buildings sector neglects important environmental hotspots attributable to building-related life cycle emissions and calls for a comprehensive analysis of GHG emissions of Austrian buildings. In this study, we assess annual building related GHG emissions for the Austrian building stock from a full life cycle perspective (i.e. including operational and embodied emissions). For embodied emissions, we model emissions using both a process-based and an input-output based life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. Building LCA case studies and statistical building stock data are used to estimate embodied emissions from a bottom-up perspective, which are complemented by estimated emissions from the input-output based LCA approach. Our work illustrates the importance of adopting a life-cycle perspective on building-related emissions to inform the different stakeholders and advance climate action in the built environment. While both the chosen system boundaries and methods significantly determine the results, we argue that emission reduction measures should be based on a comprehensive system boundary of building-related emissions to contribute towards the achievement of a climate-neutral built environment and the stringent climate targets. By adding indirect emissions and non-residential buildings to the officially reported building emissions, the operational emissions alone increase by a factor of 2.4. As expected, the process-based LCA yields lower embodied emissions than the input-output based approach. Depending on the method, they can be responsible for up to 40% of total buildings related emissions. Summing up, total buildings related emissions rise by a factor of 3 to 4 when extending the system boundaries to comprise the whole area of action buildings, and go from 7 Mt CO2-eq/a (direct operational emissions, 10% of national emissions), to 22-31 Mt CO2-eq/a for the case of Austria.
Measuring the Cityscape: A Pipeline from Street-Level Capture to Urban Quantification

Any solution to achieving climate targets must be performed at scale. Data driven methods allow expert modelling to be emulated over a large scope. In the UK, there are nearly 30 million residential properties, contributing to over 30% of the national energy consumption. As part of the UK Government’s requirement to meet net-zero emissions by 2050, retrofitting residential buildings forms a significant part of the national strategy. This work addresses the problem of identifying, characterising and quantifying urban features at scale. A pipeline incorporating photogrammetry, automatic labelling using machine learning, and 3-D geometry has been developed to automatically reconstruct and extract dimensional and spatial features of a building from street-level mobile sensing.
Automatic verification of urban index compliance: A case study for Brazilian buildings

Urban planning has become an essential tool for regulating the cities’ growth, maintaining the local urban identity and providing a good quality of life for its inhabitants. In Brazil, the master plan is the primary policy instrument for urban development and expansion. It defines the common requirements that designers must follow when preparing building projects. Up to date, such projects are verified in project latter stages and eventually approved by the city halls, with a manual calculation and assessment process. This procedure creates both the need to assess project compliance earlier to avoid rework and changes, as well as to automate project verification compliance, to reduce human errors. With the emergence of new technologies and computational systems, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), creates the opportunity for process automation, by providing the required data to support decision making, as well as to automate the calculation process both for designers and municipalities. Thus, this research aims to develop an assessment procedure which automates the compliance assessment of a set of urban requirements from Vila Velha, Brazil. A BIM model was developed in Autodesk Revit to prove the procedure functionality and Dynamo was used to automate data collection and the calculation of three different indexes from Vila Velha’s building code. By providing a fast and reliable analysis, the research framework provides designers with a real-time decision support tool, which indicates building compliance in the project’s early stages. It also provides municipalities with a calculation tool, which can be used to assess the compliance of submitted BIM models, sparing time and avoiding assessment errors. Overall, the procedure has the potential to support building project design, increase process efficiency and accelerate the verification of mandatory requirements. It also offers the possibility for replication by adapting the routine to the mandatory requirements of each location.
A novel regularization method for optical flow-based head pose estimation

This paper presents a method for appearance-based 3D head pose tracking utilizing optical flow computation. The task is to recover the head pose parameters for extreme head pose angles based on 2D images. A novel method is presented that enables a robust recovery of the full motion by employing a motion-dependent regulatory term within the optical flow algorithm. Thereby, the rigid motion parameters are coupled directly with a regulatory term in the image alignment method affecting translation and rotation independently. The ill-conditioned, nonlinear optimization problem is stabilized by the proposed regulatory term yielding suitable conditioning of the Hessian matrix. It is shown that the regularization corresponding to the motion parameters can be extended to full 3D motion consisting of six parameters. Experiments on the Boston University head pose dataset demonstrate the enhancement of robustness in head pose estimation compared to conventional regularization methods. Using well-defined values for the regulatory parameters, the proposed method shows significant improvement in headtracking scenarios in terms of accuracy compared to existing methods.
A Joint Discussion on the Topic of Cold Gas and Dust at High Redshift

The number of spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at high redshift is increasing rapidly, with many being found efficiently by deep optical imaging and color selection. In parallel, a confluence of technical developments is bringing rapid progress to the domain of observations of cold gas and dust at high redshift. Large telescopes operating at high, dry sites, with a new generation of sensitive detectors, together with recent satellite missions, are opening up new areas of study through observations of dust continuum emission and associated atomic and molecular emission and absorption lines. These data bear directly on fundamental questions of cosmic evolution by probing the ordinary cool material that forms stars and fuels active galactic nuclei. Analysis of data from the COBE satellite confirms the presence of a diffuse far-infrared background from a widespread population of distant dusty objects. The global energetics of the optical and far-infrared backgrounds suggest that perhaps half of distant activity may be enshrouded by dust. Understanding the nature and redshifts of the sources responsible for these emissions is profoundly important. The intent of Joint Discussion 9, between Division X (Radio Astronomy) and Division XIII (Galaxies and the Universe), was to provide a forum to present observations from this newly accessible realm and to consider the astrophysical implications.
Descent via Tannaka duality

Given a diagram of schemes, we can ask if a geometric object over one of them can be built from descent data (usually objects of the same type over the various other schemes in the diagram, together with compatibility isomorphisms). Using the language of moduli stacks, we can rephrase this as follows: saying that descent problems for a given diagram have essentially unique solutions amounts to saying that the diagram in question is a (bicategorical) colimit diagram in a certain 2-category of stacks. In this paper we use generalized Tannaka duality to explicitly compute certain colimits in the 2-category of Adams stacks. Using this we extend recent results of Bhatt from algebraic spaces to Adams stacks and a result of Hall-Rydh to non-noetherian rings. We conclude the paper with a global version of the Beauville-Laszlo theorem, which states that a large class of schemes and stacks can be built by gluing the open complement of an effective Cartier divisor with the infinitesimal neighbourhood of the divisor.
Magnetospheric interactions with satellites

The Galilean moons of Jupiter, Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto are embedded within the magnetospheric plasma that approximately corotates with Jupiter that is, the plasma circles the planet at close to Jupiter’s 10-hour spin period. The azimuthal speed of the plasma at the orbits of the Galilean moons is faster than the orbital velocity of the moons, so the plasma flows over the moons from their trailing hemispheres and sweeps ahead of them in their orbital motion. (Relevant properties of the plasma conditions near the satellites are provided in Table 21.1 while properties of the moons are provided in the book Appendix 2.)
Appraisal of Green Communication Technology in GSM

– Energy efficiency has received significant attention from both academia and industry because of the importance of reducing the operational expenditures and maintaining the profitability of GSM networks, in addition to making these networks “greener”. In this paper, Green Communication technology in Global System of Mobile (GSM) communication was appraised. Additionally, we present some green communication technologies that have been used recently in GSM.
NUMEROUS TOPOGRAPHIES BASED QUASI SUPERVISED CLUSTERING DDOS DETECTION METHOD

DDoS attack stream from different agent host converged at victim host will become very large, which will lead to system halt or network congestion. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an effective method to detect the DDoS attack behavior from the massive data stream. In order to solve the problem that large numbers of labeled data are not provided in supervised learning method, and the relatively low detection accuracy and convergence speed of unsupervised -means algorithm, this paper presents a semisupervised clustering detection method using multiple features. In this detection method, we firstly select three features according to the characteristics of DDoS attacks to form detection feature vector. Then, Multiple-Features-Based Constrained--Means (MF-CKM) algorithm is proposed based on semi supervised clustering. Finally, using MIT Laboratory Scenario (DDoS) 1.0 data set, we verify that the proposed method can improve the convergence speed and accuracy of the algorithm under the condition of using a small amount of labeled data sets.
Monopolistic Competition and Nominal Stickiness in Generalized New Keynesian Model

In this paper, we extend the standard New Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model to allow both staggered price setting and staggered wage setting and derive a generalized version of New Keynesian model to study how these distortions affect the steady state and dynamics of model given different annual target inﬂation rates. The main ﬁnding is that the imperfection of labor market has more distortionary power on aggregate output and aggregate welfare given positive target inﬂation rate. Sensitivity analysis of structural parameters in the context of static steady state provides us a macroeconomic structural model-based explanation for the stylized fact that many central banks set the target inﬂation rate within a range from 1% to 2%. Also, given positive target inﬂation rate, the dynamic responses of macroeconomic variables on exogenous shocks are more sensitive to the change of structural parameters related to labor market. By comparing the dynamics generated under different sets of calibration, we ﬁnd that the structure of labor market with high degree of monopolistic competition, low wage stickiness and low wage indexation is more desirable in an economy with positive target inﬂation rate.
Impact Of Societal Influence, Green Product Price Sensitivity And Green Trust On Online Purchasing Behavior Of Green Products By Generation Y Customers In Oman

The traditional buyer-seller relationship is being challenged by Generation Y (Gen Y) consumers. In order to capture the attention, business, and loyalty of Gen Y shoppers, sellers must change their marketing strategies. An increasing number of researchers have undertaken in-depth research on green marketing and green purchases in order to create sustainable development that protects the environment and society but a lot of gaps remain in the existing literature, particularly pertaining to emerging markets. As a result, the goal of this research was to look into the factors influencing Gen Y's green purchasing habits in relation to online items in the Sultanate of Oman. A qualitative and quantitative method was used in the research. Items from previous research were adapted and incorporated into a questionnaire to investigate the key factors influencing online green purchase decisions of the Gen Y customers. A total of 126 Gen Y consumers responded to the survey. PLS-SEM software was used to evaluate the data collected. The findings of this study reveal that societal influence, willingness to pay higher costs for green items, and green trust all have a positive and significant impact on Gen Y green shopping decisions made online. This study contributes to global efforts to create a green society by providing strong evidence of the factors that influence the Gen Y cohort's decision to purchase green products in Oman, and thus serves as a valuable insight for producers and government officials working to create a greener society.
ADDENDUM: Moisture content determination in grain by measuring microwave parameters

A concept of moisture content determination from the measurement of the attenuation and phase shift of an electromagnetic wave transmitted through a layer of wet material is explored in the paper. Experimental results for wheat of 10 to 19% moisture content (wet basis) at temperatures from to C at the frequency of 16.8 GHz are used to illustrate the procedure which provides a density-independent and temperature-compensated moisture content determination.
Clustering Algorithm for High Dimensional Dataset: Review

—With the availability of large amount of high dimensional data in many fields such as DNA-Microarray technology, finance, marketing, medical has motivated us to do thorough study of different clustering algorithms. High Dimensional data have the nature of sparsity and thus suffer from Curse of Dimensionality. So applying traditional clustering algorithms such as k-Means, DBSCAN to High Dimensional Data result in degradation of quality of clusters and increase the time complexity exponentially. This paper presents a survey of advanced clustering approaches designed to learn useful patterns contained in the high dimensional data. High Dimensional Data can be clustered using any of the following type: Dimension Reduction Projected Clustering, Dimension Growing Subspace Clustering and the Frequent Pattern based Clustering. Algorithms under each one of these types are discussed in detail to point out advantages and loopholes of each.
Fundamental Toxicological Sciences

Skin is the primary tissue exposed to ambient air pollution because it acts as an interface between the body and the surrounding atmosphere. We previously reported that particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induced oxidative stress and subsequent chemokine release in the human epidermis, followed by neutrophil chemotaxis. We identified in this study that the leaf extracts from Camellia sinensis and Argania spinosa showed high radical scavenging activity as evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazinyl and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assays. PM2.5 exposure induced lipid peroxidation, IL-8 release and neutrophil migration in human 3-dimensional cultured epidermis. Pretreatment with leaf extracts from Camellia sinensis or Argania spinosa significantly suppressed the above harmful effects elicited by PM2.5. Taken together, both extracts can protect the epidermis from PM2.5 exposure. Camellia sinensis and Argania spinosa extracts could be added to a novel cosmetic that protects skin from air pollution.
Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emissions of Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Blends of HHO Gas with Gasoline and CNG

Fossil fuels are widely used all over the world to power the motor vehicles. Due to superfluous consumption of these fuels, their reservoirs are depleting continuously. The huge demand of crude oil has caused the unprecedented price rise, environmental pollution, and global warming which directly affects the living beings as well as the surroundings in which they are surviving. Alternative fuels can suffice the demand with less adverse effects on the environment through the means of different sustainable technologies. Hydroxy gas (HHO) can be effective source of energy to combat these prominent issues. This work covers the experimental analysis of different parameters related to advantages and disadvantages of using HHO as a blend with gasoline and CNG fuel mixture. The analysis is based on engine performance and emissions. The experiments were performed on engine model fueled with a mixture of fuel and HHO gas. HHO was used as a fuel supplement. A compact HHO gas kit was installed in the engine compartment. A 219cc, four stroke, single cylinder spark ignition engine was used. No modifications were required in the engine design as HHO was used as a fuel supplement. The production of HHO was accomplished by the electrolysis of double distilled water in the presence of KOH(aq.) as an electrolyte. Products of water electrolysis consisted of H2 and O2 in the ratio of 2:1 by volumetric basis. Performance enhancement in overall engine characteristics such as brake power, specific fuel consumption, and overall efficiency was observed. Furthermore, a significant reduction in the emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide was noticed. However, due to lean air-fuel mixture and tremendous peak combustion temperature the amount of NOx was increased.
Corporate social responsibility among small and medium size enterprises in Cameroon

This paper aims to evaluate the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by managers of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in Cameroon. More specifically it aims to analyse the ecological behaviour of managers of SMEs in Cameroon and identify the determinants of the adoption of environmental dimension of CSR (e-CSR) measures in SMEs. Evidence from our analyses points the fact that the environmental protection is not yet a priority for managers of SMEs in Cameroon. There are several ways to increase the practice of e-CSR among SMEs managers, including the presence of an in-house impact acquiring “clean equipment”.