Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coronary Artery Segmentation in Cardiac CT Angiography Using 3D Multi-Channel U-net

Vessel stenosis is a major risk factor in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). To analyze the degree of vessel stenosis for supporting the treatment management, extraction of coronary artery area from Computed Tomographic Angiography (CTA) is regarded as a key procedure. However, manual segmentation by cardiologists may be a time-consuming task, and present a significant inter-observer variation. Although various computer-aided approaches have been developed to support segmentation of coronary arteries in CTA, the results remain unreliable due to complex attenuation appearance of plaques, which are the cause of the stenosis. To overcome the difficulties caused by attenuation ambiguity, in this paper, a 3D multi-channel U-Net architecture is proposed for fully automatic 3D coronary artery reconstruction from CTA. Other than using the original CTA image, the main idea of the proposed approach is to incorporate the vesselness map into the input of the U-Net, which serves as the reinforcing information to highlight the tubular structure of coronary arteries. The experimental results show that the proposed approach could achieve a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 0.8 in comparison to around 0.6 attained by previous CNN approaches.
Probabilities for intersecting systems and random subsets of finite sets

Let $\mathcal{F}_k $ be a family of subsets of $\{ 1,2, \cdots ,n \}$, each two of which have at least k elements in common, and let S be a random subset (sample) of $\{ 1,2, \cdots ,n \}$ obtained by choosing each $i\leqq n$ independently with probability $p_i $. Assuming that $1 > p_1 \geqq p_2 \geqq \cdots \geqq p_n > 0$, we investigate the problem of determining an $\mathcal{F}_k $ that maximizes the probability that at least one of the sets in $\mathcal{F}_k $ will be included in S.Complete solutions are obtained for the following cases: for $k = 1$, $p_i = p$ for all i, or variable $p_i $ with $\frac{1}{2}\geqq p_2 $ or $p_n > \frac{1}{2}$; for $k\geqq 2$, $p_i = p\geqq \frac{1}{2}$ for all i, and small $p_{k + 1} $. A partial solution is given for $k = 2$ when $p_i = p$ for all i.
Magnetic media switching dynamics in thermal equilibrium

In high data rate magnetic recording it is important to have at least a simple model for the switching dynamics of the media magnetization. Using the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation will not give switching when the applied field H, and the anisotropy H/sub k/ line up, unless a small initial angle /spl theta//sub i/ is introduced between magnetization and applied field. The media's switching speed now depends on /spl theta//sub i/ and therefore becomes arbitrary, In reality, in thermal equilibrium, the media magnetization precesses noisily around some initial direction. This paper presents a closed-form expression for the ensemble average of this "thermally aided" switching. The expression can also be used to approximate media switching in the presence of demagnetization fields (thin-film media) and angular anisotropy distributions if one uses an "effective value" for the thermal stability factor K/sub u/V/kT.
What role can a training needs analysis play in organisational change

Purpose – This research sets out to examine how the process for developing a training needs analysis tool could influence organisational change.Design/methodology/approach – The organisation that is the subject of this research is a large, complex health system which is in transition from a traditional bureaucratic, hierarchy with a command and control management style to a more participative, people centred approach. A processual, organisation development, action research‐based approach to the development of a training needs analysis process was taken in the study so that the changes desired in the organisation could be modelled in the first instance and secondly, in order to learn and understand more about what works and does not in order to continuously develop and progress the change agenda. In order to do this a parallel structure was established through which to progress the process which was tracked in an action research process. In addition, a series of interviews were conducted with top and senio.
Attribution des défaillances de livraison des achats en ligne : le transporteur toujours fautif aux yeux du consommateur ?

Résumé Alors que le e-commerce se développe de plus en plus, les consommateurs recourent massivement à la livraison à domicile et subissent régulièrement des incidents de livraison. Comment y réagissent-ils ? En l’absence d’information sur les causes réelles de la défaillance, qui incriminent-ils spontanément : le e-commerçant ou le transporteur ? De qui attendent-ils réparation ? Leurs représentations sont-elles influencées par leur niveau de familiarité avec ces situations d’achat et d’échec de service, ou par le niveau de typicité et de sévérité perçues de l’incident ? Ancrée dans la théorie de l’attribution, une enquête par questionnaire, réalisée auprès de 118 personnes, est menée pour répondre à ces questions. Elle fournit des résultats qui invitent notamment les transporteurs du dernier kilomètre à assumer une plus grande visibilité dans les chaînes logistiques du e-commerce et à s’engager dans des démarches de marketing relationnel vis-à-vis des consommateurs.
Joint classification of whistles and echolocation clicks from odontocetes

We propose to use acoustic features of both clicks and whistles to classify odontocete sounds to species. The species studied are Cuvier’s beaked whales (Ziphius cavirostris), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra), and short- and long-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis and D. capensis). An energy-based detector is used for echolocation click detection, and Roch’s Silbido algorithm is used for whistle detection. Detected whistles are characterized by maximum and minimum frequencies, duration, slope, spectral maxima, spectral gaps, number and frequency of inflection points, number of “loop” repetitions, and other acoustic characteristics. Detected clicks are characterized by cepstral characteristics, as well as by a set of noise-resistant statistics. Clicks that occur within a certain time neighborhood of a whistle have the corresponding feature vectors merged to produce the input to the classification system. Random forest and Gaussian mixture model class.
Recombination dynamics of localized excitons in In 0.20 Ga 0.80 N- In 0.05 Ga 0.95 N multiple quantum wells

Dynamical behavior of radiative recombination has been assessed in the ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.20}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.80}$N (2.5 nm)/ ${\mathrm{In}}_{0.05}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.95}$N (6.0 nm) multiple-quantum-well structure by means of transmittance, electroreflectance (ER), photoluminescence excitation (PLE), and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy. The PL at 20 K was mainly composed of two emission bands whose peaks are located at 2.920 eV and 3.155 eV. Although the peak at 3.155 eV was weak under low photoexcitation, it grew superlinearly with increasing excitation intensity. The ER and PLE revealed that the transition at 3.155 eV is due to the excitons at quantized levels between n=1 conduction and n=1 A(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}}_{9\mathrm{v}}$) valence bands, while the main PL peak at 2.920 eV is attributed to the excitons localized at the trap centers within the well. The TRPL features were well understood as the effect of localization where photogenerated excitons are transferred from the n=1 band to the localized centers, and then are localized further to the tail state.
The Oral-Systemic Link: A Review about the strong Correlation between Diabetes mellitus, Periodontits and COVID-19 Outcome

The SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to symptoms ranging from mild flu symptoms to severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation and even death. According to epidemiological observations, diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for severe outcome, next to older age, s, hypertension, and other serious chronic illnesses. Recent studies have determined that the oral cavity mucosa is the main entry portal for the SARS-CoV-2 virus into the body. The viruses accumulate in the mouth at locations where the main viral receptor is highly expressed. The oral pathway of the virus into the body and the contributing factors are described in this review. The immune system of people with diabetes is generally impaired. Diabetes induces chronic systemic inflammation, which regularly manifests as periodontitis in the oral cavity. Furthermore, frequent hyperglycemia leads to additional weakening of the mucosal immune barrier. These findings provide plausible explanations for the more frequent severe courses of respiratory viral infections in diabetes patients. An oral examination helps to identify patients at elevated risk. Activated matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) is an established biomarker for measuring the degree of oral inflammation and is an indicator of the destruction of collagen and bone structures in the mouth. aMMP-8 point-of-care tests are readily available. We propose that the current recommendations for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2-associated severe COVID-19 disease should be extended to consider the aspects of measuring and sanitizing oral health, as well as to include preventive regular daily disinfection of the mouth and the pharynx.
A simple and efficient saliency extraction method based on multi-scale horizon-directional filter for infrared dim small target detection

This paper presents a simple and computationally efficient saliency extraction method for detecting dim small target from single frame in heterogeneous background. The proposed method is based on background subtraction (BS), which identifies targets from the portion of a image that differs significantly from a background model. A set of horizon-directional filters (HDF) with multi-scales are first implemented to effectively recover the background maps from the input image. As a result, the foreground maps are extracted by computing the absolute difference between the input image and the estimated background maps. Then the foreground maps are fused into the total saliency map using a simple scheme. Finally, the experimental results of various cluttered background images show that the proposed method is efficient and has an outstanding performance in dim small target detection just by thresholding the saliency map.
Completion of Rewrite Systems with Membership Constraints. Part I: Deduction Rules

Abstract We consider a constrained equational logic where the constraints are membership conditions t ∈ s where s is interpreted as a regular tree language. Our logic includes a fragment of second-order equational logic (without projections) where second-order variables range over regular sets of contexts. The problem with constrained equational logics is the failure of the critical pair lemma. This is the reason why we propose new deduction rules for which the critical pair lemma is restored. Computing critical pairs requires, however, solving some constraints in a second-order logic with membership constraints. In a second paper we give a terminating set of transformation rules for these formulas, which decides the existence of a solution, thus showing a new term scheme unification algorithm. Since an order-sorted signature is nothing but a bottom–up tree automaton, order-sorted equational logic falls into the scope of our study; our results show how to perform order-sorted completion without regularity and without sort-decreasingness. It also shows how to perform unification in the order-sorted case, with some higher-order variables (without any regularity assumption).
Control of industrial robots for hardware-in-the-loop simulation of satellite docking

One of the most challenging and risky missions for spacecraft is to perform Rendezvous and Docking (RvD) autonomously in space. To ensure a safe and reliable operation, such a mission must be carefully designed and thoroughly verified before a real space mission can be launched. This paper describes the impact-contact dynamics simulation capability of a new, robotics-based, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) RvD simulation facility which uses two industrial robots to simulate 6-DOF dynamic maneuvering of two docking satellites. The facility is capable of physically simulating the final approaching within 25-meter range and the entire docking/capturing process in a satellite on-orbit servicing mission. The paper briefly discusses the difficulties of using industrial robots for HIL contact dynamics simulation and how these problems are solved. Admittance control strategy is proposed to control the robotic system to make the robot dynamically behave like the spacecraft during a physical interception. The control strategy works as an outer loop on the top of the existing control system of the industrial robot and hence, it does not require altering the joint control hardware and software which are inaccessible for an industrial robot. A simulation study has shown that the methodology can accurately simulate the impact-contact dynamics behavior of the spacecraft in a docking operation.
A well-established numerical approach to solve the Navier – Stokes equations for incompressible

A well-established numerical approach to solve the Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible fluids is Chorin’s projection method [1], whereby the fluid velocity is explicitly updated, and then an elliptic problem for the pressure is solved, which is used to orthogonally project the velocity field to maintain the incompressibility constraint. In this paper, we develop a mathematical correspondence between Newtonian fluids in the incompressible limit and hypo-elastoplastic solids in the slow, quasi-static limit. Using this correspondence, we formulate a new fixed-grid, Eulerian numerical method for simulating quasi-static hypo-elastoplastic solids, whereby the stress is explicitly updated, and then an elliptic problem for the velocity is solved, which is used to orthogonally project the stress to maintain the quasi-staticity constraint. We develop a finite-difference implementation of the method and apply it to an elasto-viscoplastic model of a bulk metallic glass based on the shear transformation zone theory. We show that in a two-dimensional plane strain simple shear simulation, the method is in quantitative agreement with an explicit method. Like the fluid projection method, it is efficient and numerically robust, making it practical for a wide variety of applications. We also demonstrate that the method can be extended to simulate objects with evolving boundaries. We highlight a number of correspondences between incompressible fluid mechanics and quasi-static elastoplasticity, creating possibilities for translating other numerical methods between the two classes of physical problems.
Anisotropic transport in graphene on SiC substrate with periodic nanofacets

Anisotropic transport in graphene field-effect transistors fabricated on a vicinal SiC substrate with a self-organized periodic nanofacet structure is investigated. Graphene thermally grown on a vicinal substrate contains two following regions: atomically flat terraces and nanofacets (atomically stepped slopes). The graphene film at a nanofacet is continuously connected between two neighboring terrace films. Anisotropic transport properties are clearly observed, indicating a difference in the graphene properties of the two regions. The observed anisotropic properties are discussed in terms of the effects of nanofacet structures on conductivity and electron mobility.
Characterization of nonlinear gain parameters in VECSELs to optimize femtosecond high average power operation

Our femtosecond VECSELs have generated 1.05 W average output power. Numerical simulations have been successfully used to gain a better understanding, but initially have not predicted the average output power correctly. Only after we directly determined the correct gain parameters we got very good agreement. Numerical simulations show that weak gain saturation is beneficial for high-power operation. With a high-precision reflectivity measurement setup we measured the nonlinear change in reflectivity of the optically-pumped (OP) VECSEL gain chip as function of the incident pulse fluence, pump intensity, and heat-sink temperature. We also determined the small signal gain and the gain bandwidth.
Determination of the single-scattering probability distribution from plural-scattering data

A technique is presented which enables the recovery of the probability distribution for single scattering from plural-scattering electron energy loss data. Neither the scattering parameter t/λ nor details of the component processes need be known. The computational method uses Fourier series in order to overcome a number of practical problems in the application of convolution series methods, to include instrumental effects and to permit the processing of data with large values of the scattering parameter. The effects of noise, specimen oxidation and the accuracy of the technique are considered.
Very high-speed metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors fabricated on GaN

We report on the temporal and the frequency response of metal-semiconductor-metal ultraviolet photodetectors fabricated on single-crystal GaN. The best devices show a fast 10%–90% rise time of ∼23 ps implying a bandwidth of >15 GHz. These time domain data have been corroborated by direct measurement of the power spectral content. From this a cutoff frequency, f3 dB, of ∼16 GHz has been obtained. Analysis in terms of reverse bias and geometric scaling indicates that the photodetectors are transit-time limited. Modeling of the temporal behavior indicates that a slow component in the time and frequency response data is a consequence of the hole drift velocity.
Topological substitution for the aperiodic Rauzy fractal tiling

We consider two families of planar self-similar tilings of different nature: the tilings consisting of translated copies of the fractal sets defined by an iterated function system, and the tilings obtained as a geometrical realization of a topological substitution (an object of purely combinatorial nature). We establish a link between the two families in a specific case, by defining an explicit topological substitution and by proving that it generates the same tilings as those associated with the Tribonacci Rauzy fractal.
OPTIMASI ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR (KNN) DENGAN NORMALISASI DAN SELEKSI FITUR UNTUK KLASIFIKASI PENYAKIT LIVER

Sulitnya mengenali penyakit liver sejak dini menjadi permasalahan yang sering terjadi. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi, saat ini diagnosis penyakit liver dapat menggunakan metode data mining. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan seleksi fitur dan normalisasi data untuk mencari model optimasi untuk klasifikasi penyakit liver dengan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor. Metode K-Nearest Neighbor dipilih karena memiliki prinsip sederhana dan mudah digunakan, tetapi pada beberapa penelitiannya memiliki akurasi relative rendah. Proses klasifikasi pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan pengisian data yang kosong setelah itu dilakukan pembobotan atribut dan normalisasi pada data yang terpilih. Pada penelitian ini nilai akurasi yang paling optimal didapat ketika menggunakan normalasi min-max, dengan seleksi fitur Information Gain dan Gain Ratio digunakan nilai rata-rata untuk mengisi kekosongan data dengan menggunakan nilai k = 10. Sedangkan pada seleksi fitur Symmetrical Uncertainty dapat menggunakan nilai 0 untuk kekosongan data dan nilai k = 5.
Parametric Study of Large-Scale Eddy Properties. Part II. The Zonal Scale

Abstract Laboratory experiments reveal an approximate inverse dependence of the azimuthal wavenumber upon the radial temperature gradient, in the steady Rossby regime. To verify the occurrence of a similar relationship in the atmosphere, it being an unsteady system, we define an average zonal wavenumber n and correlate it with the meridional temperature gradient ΔT. The values of the correlation coefficient r(n,ΔT) vary considerably from month to month and therefore are unreliable. The values of r(n,ΔT), where the bars denote averages over a month, are very small except in the vicinity of 35°N. Linear baroclinic theory shows that there is a functional dependence between the zonal wavelength of the most rapidly amplifying waves and static stability S. In the case of the atmosphere r(n,S) is as unreliable as r(n,ΔT), but r(n,S) is considerably superior to r(n,ΔT). Therefore, the meridional and vertical temperature gradients in the atmosphere must be decoupled, at least at 45 and 55°N where r2(n,S) is very l.
Effect of Packaging on Microbial Quality of Edible Flowers During Refrigerated Storage

Edible flowers are food products that are usually eaten fresh without prior heat treatment. Due to their chemical composition and low degree of processing, they can be an excellent breeding ground for microorganisms, and thus a source of infection. Methods of their preservation include proper packaging and storage at low temperatures. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of type of packaging (vacuum-sealed polyamide/polyethylene bag and polyethylene terephthalate box) on the microbial contamination of edible flowers including nasturtium, calendula, and daisy during refrigerated storage. The counts of selected pathogenic bacteria, total yeasts and moulds on the day of harvesting and after 1–3 days of refrigerated storage were determined. The results showed that the edible flowers did not contain Salmonella sp. or Escherichia coli (except nasturtiums), while all flowers contained both yeast and moulds at counts about 4–5 log cfu/g, and Staphylococcus aureus at numbers ranging from 1.89 to 2.72 log cfu/g. The differences in the counts of moulds and S. aureus were statistically significant depending on the type of flower. Neither the type of packaging nor storage time under refrigerated conditions influenced the degree of microbial contamination of the flowers.
Effect of low SNR on visual image quality

The effect of noise on image quality is investigated using human evaluations of a set of images with a wide range of noise and blur levels. Quality is quantified in terms of the smallest contrast feature that can be reliably identified in a test pattern which can be equated to an effective visual resolution. It is found that the image starts to degrade as SNR falls below 50 and below 10 resolution becomes primarily determined by SNR and is insensitive to blur level. The visual information fidelity metric is shown to accurately model the human response.
Room temperature continuous wave operation of quantum cascade lasers with watt-level optical power

We demonstrate quantum cascade lasers at an emitting wavelength of 4. 6μm, which are capable of room temperature, high power continuous wave (cw) operation. Buried ridge geometry with a width of 9. 8μm was utilized. A device with a 3mm cavity length that was epilayer-down bonded on a diamond submount exhibited a maximum output power of 1.3W at room temperature in cw operation. The maximum output power at 80K was measured to be 4W, with a wall plug efficiency of 27%.