The effect of industrial exports on environmental quality in selected countries

Introduction During the last two decades, the dangers & the damages of environmental is more evident. This destruction is the resulting of combination factors, like the increasing of population growth, economic development & industrial activities (Dincer 1999) Furthermore, the advocators of environmental & the opponents of trade liberalization stated that export expansion & the increasing the competitive pressures between the domestic entrepreneur & Foreign competitors, they caused to unimportant of appropriate environmental laws in own country & even delays the approval & implementation of environmental laws in the process of trade liberalization . On the other hand, in the new scenario that by some economists like,Helpman (1998), Daniel and Giradina(1998) has been introduced, expansion of trade volume through the increasing competition can help to improve the quality of goods production, services & also implementation of environmental laws. According to the ideas of these economists, expansion of trade volume can help the improvement of living standards in developing countries & the environmental quality. The beginning of public’s attention to the environmental issues occurred in during the1960’s & because of growing industrial economies the focus of these attentions was on the industrial pollutions. At the end of 1970’s trade & environment issues reached to the highest level & the advocators of environmental to protest the horrible situation of environmental organize the widely oppositions in around the world that with the mentioned protests ,also some countries that by the environmental pollution(such as, Acid rains, Greenhouse Effects, Ozone puncture,.)Involved the great damages, they having a request of institutions & international organizations that pay attention to the issue of environmental pollutions & even they wanted the damage restoration of polluter countries. Therefore, the issues of environmental were entered into the trade negotiations from 1980’s, that in the period of 1990’s by the following of the laws enforcement & environmental regulations in some countries & on the some industries in order to control the destructive impacts of trade on the environment, trade pattern & the competitiveness of industries & countries involved the major changes . This article is included of five parts: After introduction in second part, a review on Theoretical Foundations of research, has been done, in third part, the conducted experimental studies shall be considered in domestic & foreign of country; Introducing the model & its estimation is presented in fourth part, in fifth part, the results of tests & suggestions is done. Theoretical Foundations There are two views about how the effecting of trade volume on environmental quality. In the first view that has been considered by Bhagwati (1993) & Gallagher (2004). Intensification of environmental policies based on the Pollution safe & re-locating industries hypothesis has affected the investment mobility & trade patterns between the countries & the following of it, it will change the measure of Pollution emission. According to this hypothesis, since the developed countries apply the strong environmental policies into the developing countries, the active industrial pollution in the developed countries, they transfer the their operations & production process with the weak environmental policies of own countries to the developing countries, & thus the developing