Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Représentations de phrases dans un espace continu spécifiques à la tâche de détection d'erreurs

Cet article présente une étude sur la modélisation des erreurs de reconnaissance de la parole au niveau de la phrase, aﬁn de compenser certains phénomènes mis en avant par l’analyse des sorties du système de détection d’erreurs que nous avons précédemment proposé. Nous avons étudié trois approches différentes, qui sont fondées respectivement sur l’utilisation des représentations continues ( embeddings ) de phrases dédiées à la tâche de détection d’erreur, d’un modèle contextuel probabiliste (MCP) et d’un réseau de neurones récurrent BLSTM. Une approche pour construire les embeddings spéciﬁques à la tâche est proposée et comparée à l’approche Doc2vec. Les expériences sont effectuées sur des transcriptions automatiques du corpus ETAPE générées par le système de reconnaissance automatique du LIUM. Elles montrent que les embeddings spéciﬁques à la tâche obtiennent de meilleurs résultats que les embeddings génériques et que leur intégration dans notre système améliore les résultats par rapport aux MCP et BLSTM. This paper presents a study on the modeling of automatic speech recognition errors at the sentence level. We aim in this study to compensate certain phenomena highlighted by the analysis of the outputs generated by the ASR error detection system we previously proposed. We investigated three different approaches, that are based respectively on the use of sentence embeddings dedicated to ASR error detection task, a probabilistic contextual model (PCM) and a bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM) architecture. An approach to build task-speciﬁc sentence embeddings is proposed and compared to the Doc2vec approach. Experiments are performed on transcriptions generated by the LIUM ASR system applied to the ETAPE corpus. They show that the proposed sentence embeddings dedicated to ASR error detection achieve better results than generic sentence embeddings, and that the integration of task-speciﬁc embeddings in our system achieves better results than the PCM and BLSTM models.
Distribution majorization of corner points by reinforcement learning for moving object detection

Corner points play an important role in moving object detection, especially in the case of free-moving camera. Corner points provide more accurate information than other pixels and reduce the computation which is unnecessary. Previous works only use intensity information to locate the corner points, however, the information that former and the last frames provided also can be used. We utilize the information to focus on more valuable area and ignore the invaluable area. The proposed algorithm is based on reinforcement learning, which regards the detection of corner points as a Markov process. In the Markov model, the video to be detected is regarded as environment, the selections of blocks for one corner point are regarded as actions and the performance of detection is regarded as state. Corner points are assigned to be the blocks which are seperated from original whole image. Experimentally, we select a conventional method which uses marching and Random Sample Consensus algorithm to obtain objects as the main framework and utilize our algorithm to improve the result. The comparison between the conventional method and the same one with our algorithm show that our algorithm reduce 70% of the false detection.
Contrast media-induced nephropathy in Tunisia: prospective case-control study with cardio-nephrological monitoring

Introduction vascular opacification using iodinated contrast media (ICM) is often the primary diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, the risk of post-injection nephrotoxicity of ICM is significantly higher in patients with underlying nephropathy. This study aimed to determine the incidence of Contrast Media Induced Nephropathy (CMIN) and identify predictive factors for its occurrence in patients from a cardiology department. Methods our prospective study involved 158 patients who underwent coronary angiography or angioplasty at the cardiology department between December 2017 and May 2018. Two types of ICM were used in our study: Iopromide and Iohexol. All patients received either physiological serum (9‰) or bicarbonate serum (14‰) intravenously for hydration. We defined impaired renal function as an increase in creatinine ranging from 10 to 26 µmol/L, while CMIN was defined as an increase in serum creatinine exceeding 26.5 µmol/L. We investigated the factors associated with CMIN using logistic regression analysis. Results the mean age of our patients was 60 ± 11 years (range: 29-82), with a predominance of men 63.9% (n=101). The most common cardiovascular risk factors were tobacco (36.1%, n = 57), diabetes (48.1%, n =76), hypertension (55%, n = 87). Pre-procedural creatinine averaged 81.1 ± 47.3 µmol / L with extremes ranging from 39 to 600 µmol / L. The median Mehran risk score was 3.2 (range: 0- 15). The interventional cardiology act consisted of coronary angiography in 86.2% (n=136) of cases, coronary angioplasty in 2.5% (n=4) of cases. We used iohexol and iopromide in 57.6% (n=91) and 42.4% (n=67) of cases, respectively. The overall incidence of CMIN was 9.5% (n=9). The multivariable regression analysis identified 4 risk factors independently linked to the occurrence of CMIN which were Pre-existing renal failure (OR: 6.05, 95%CI [1.23-29.62], p = 0.026), anemia (OR: 0.043, CI [1.03-8.96], p = 0.043), the toxic dose of PC (OR: 4.7, CI [1.28-17.7], p=0.02), and at a Mehran score = 11 (OR: 3.7, CI [0.88-15.6], p=0.036). Conclusion the most effective approach for CMIN is prevention, which focuses on addressing modifiable risk factors to minimize the risk especially in patients with pre-existing renal failure.
Tunable graphene-based mid-infrared band-pass planar filter and its application

We have designed and proposed the edge modes supported by graphene ribbons and the planar band-pass filter consisting of graphene ribbons coupled to a graphene ring resonator by using the finite-difference time-domain numerical method. Simulation results show that the edge modes improve the electromagnetic coupling between devices. This structure works as a novel, tunable mid-infrared band-pass filter. Our studies will benefit the fabrication of planar, ultra-compact nano-scale devices in the mid-infrared region. A power splitter consisting of two output ribbons that is useful in photonic integrated devices and circuits is also designed and simulated. These devices are useful for designing ultra-compact planar devices in photonic integrated circuits.
Three years of situated social learning and development of diverse cow-calf contact systems in Danish organic dairy farms.

This study had 2 aims: first, to describe the intent of a learning process among farmers about cow-calf contact (CCC) systems using a so-called Stable School approach, where farmers advise farmers. The second aim was to identify the main themes that arose from the conversations held throughout the 21 meetings that focused on the topic of CCC. The meetings were hosted by 10 host farmers. In total, 32 farmers, farm managers, employees, and calf caregivers who collectively represented 16 farms participated. Characteristics of participating farms varied widely, including herd sizes, which ranged from 7 to 600 cows. At each of the 21 meetings, a written summary was recorded and uploaded to a common data storage site. Using an inductive approach, words, phrases, topics, and suggestions were coded into themes relevant to CCC systems and processes of learning and change. The longitudinal nature of this study allowed for the capturing of how farmers changed their views on how to care for the animals and the concept of keeping cows and calves together. A central theme was how they identified particular challenges associated with a CCC system, such as space requirements or pasture access, and then collectively identified potential solutions for implementing cow-calf contact on their farms, increasingly using experience from their own farms. In addition to raising questions regarding the practical aspects of implementing a CCC system, many participants also raised ethical questions, and many acknowledged their pleasure and joy in seeing the system work and the animals thriving (e.g., when calves were playing or seemed to learn very quickly from the cows). Steps that led to an increased understanding among farmers on this topic included developing a shared language, for instance, referring to the "sharing of milk with the calf" rather than the "loss of milk. " Despite the diversity of farms represented by the participants, there was an overall acceptance that they were colleagues and thus were highly supportive of each other. Many participants viewed foster cow systems as a more feasible option for providing CCC than dam-rearing systems, but some also viewed the foster cow system as a stepping stone to their long-term goal of implementing a dam-rearing system. This study provided evidence that socially situated learning and communities of practice can facilitate learning by farmers interested in developing, implementing, and improving CCC systems in different dairy farming contexts.
Généralisation du théorème de Ikehara

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Acceleration in Optimization

In many different fields such as optimization, the performance of a method is often characterized by its rate of convergence. However, accelerating an algorithm requires a lot of knowledge about the problem's structure, and such improvement is done on a case-by-case basis. Many accelerated schemes have been developed in the past few decades and are massively used in practice. Despite their simplicity, such methods are usually based on purely algebraic arguments and often do not have an intuitive explanation. Recently, heavy work has been done to link accelerated algorithms with other fields of science, such as control theory or differential equations. However, these explanations often rely on complex arguments, usually using non-conventional tools in their analysis. One of the contributions of this thesis is a tentative explanation of optimization algorithms using the theory of integration methods, which has been well studied and enjoys a solid theoretical analysis. In particular, we will show that optimization scheme are special instance of integration methods when integrating the classical gradient flow. With standard arguments, we intuitively explain the origin of acceleration. On the other hand, accelerated methods usually need additional parameters in comparison with slower one, which are in most cases difficult to estimate. In addition, these schemes are designed for one particular setting and cannot be used elsewhere. In this thesis, we explore a new approach for accelerating optimization algorithms, which uses generic acceleration arguments. In numerical analysis, these tools have been developed for accelerating sequences of scalars or vectors, by building on the side another sequence with a better convergence rate. These methods can be combined with an iterative algorithm, speeding it up in most cases. In practice, extrapolation schemes are not widely used due to their lack of theoretical guarantees and their instability. We will extend these methods by regularizing them, allowing a deeper theoretical analysis and stronger convergence results, especially when applied to optimization methods.
Control of two-dimensional electronic states at anatase Ti O 2 ( 001 ) surface by K adsorption

The nature of the intriguing metallic electronic structures appearing at the surface of anatase titanium dioxide (a-$\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$) remains to be elucidated, mainly owing to the difficulty of controlling the depth distribution of the oxygen vacancies generated by photoirradiation. In this study, K atoms were adsorbed onto the (001) surface of a-$\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ to dope electrons into the a-$\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and to confine the electrons in the surface region. The success of the electron doping and its controllability were confirmed by performing in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy as well as core-level measurements. Clear subband structures were observed in the surface metallic states, indicating the creation of quasi-two-dimensional electron liquid (q2DEL) states in a controllable fashion. With increasing electron doping (K adsorption), the q2DEL states exhibited crossover from polaronic liquid states with multiple phonon-loss structures originating from the long-range Fr\"ohlich interaction to ``weakly correlated metallic'' states. In the q2DEL states in the weakly correlated metallic region, a kink due to short-range electron--phonon coupling was clearly observed at about $80\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$. The characteristic energy is smaller than that previously observed for the metallic states of a-$\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ with three-dimensional nature $(\ensuremath{\sim}110\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV})$. These results suggest that the dominant electron--phonon coupling is modulated by anisotropic carrier screening in the q2DEL states.
Reading Self-Efficacy of EFL Students on Pre-Service Teaching Program and Practice in the EFL Classrooms

Students’ self-efficacy regarding their ability to learn is critical for their motivation to learn and achieve the intended goals. What they believe, they are capable of will influence how they learn. This study examines students’ self-efficacy in reading academic materials and their preferred academic materials based on two distinct sources, printed and digital. Descriptive qualitative is used to conduct this study. In collecting the data, the researchers utilized an online questionnaire and interview. The study interviewed and distributed questionnaires to 30 university students about their experiences reading academic materials. The study found that students exhibit favorable attitudes toward the three components of self-efficacy: mastery experiences, vicarious experiences, and physiological states. Additionally, the majority of students have a high level of self-efficacy when it comes to reading academic materials from both printed and digital sources. From the two sources, students prefer to read digital academic materials than printed ones. Therefore, lecturers are expected to let students choose the most appropriate sources of materials for academic reading. They should also instill a reading habit in their students, which can begin with reading materials that interest them.
Females and hermaphrodites of papaya (Carica papaya L.) of the Tainung Nº1 cultivar exhibit the same initial vigor

The sexual types of papaya plants (Carica papaya L.), namely female, male, and hermaphrodite, can only be distinguished during their reproductive phase. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted to identify distinctive characteristics among these sexual types in papaya seedlings. One hypothesis suggests that leaf temperature and initial vigor may serve as differentiating factors in female and hermaphroditic plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to contribute to the morphophysiological characterization of female and hermaphroditic papaya seedlings (cv. Tainung Nº1) by evaluating leaf temperature and initial growth vigor. The analysis was performed using a T-test (p < 0.05), employing a predictive approach as well to assess the potential genetic distance between the hermaphroditic and female sexual varieties. The results revealed that both hermaphroditic and female seedlings exhibited an average leaf temperature of 26.76°C, along with similar initial growth vigor. Consequently, the limited genetic differentiation, as well as the evaluated characteristics of the plants during the seedling stage, were insufficient to predict the sexual type of the plants.
A Regular Metric Temporal Logic

We study an extension of MTL in pointwise time with regular expression guarded modality Reg I (re) where re is a regular expression over subformulae. We study the decidability and ex-pressiveness of this extension, called RegMTL, as well as its fragment SfrMTL where only star-free extended regular expressions are allowed. Using the technique of temporal projections, we show that RegMTL has decidable satisfiability by giving an equisatisfiable reduction to MTL. Moreover, we identify a subset MITL[UReg] for which our (polynomial time computable) equi-satisfiable reduction gives rise to formulae of MITL. Thus, MITL[UReg] has elementary decidability. As our second main result, we show that SfrMTL is equivalent to partially ordered (or very weak) 1-clock alternating timed automata. We also identify natural fragments of logic TPTL which correspond to our logics. Digital Object Identifier 10.4230/LIPIcs. 1 Introduction Temporal logics provide constructs to specify qualitative ordering between events in time. Real time logics are quantitative extensions of temporal logics with the ability to specify real time constraints amongst events. The main modality in Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) is the until modality a U I b which, when asserted at a point specifies that there is a future within a time distance in I where b holds, and a holds continuously till then. Two notions of MTL have been studied in the literature : continuous and pointwise. It is known [1] that satisfiability checking of MTL is undecidable in the continuous semantics even for finite words, while for the pointwise case, this is decidable [10]. The complexity of the satisfiability problem for MTL over finite timed words is known to be non-primitive recursive (NPR) in the pointwise semantics, while if the intervals I allowed in the until modalities are non-punctual, then the complexity drops to EXPSPACE in both the pointwise and continuous semantics. The fragment of MTL with only non-punctual intervals is denoted MITL, and was introduced in [1]. A non-punctual interval has the form x, y where x < y, x ∈ N, y ∈ N ∪ {∞}. There are various natural extensions of temporal logics have been studied both in classical and timed logic domain. Wolper extended LTL with certain grammar operators to achieve MSO completeness. Baziramwabo, McKenzie and Therien extended LTL with modular and group modalities, and showed that the latter is as expressive as regular languages [2]. Counting LTL is an extension of LTL with threshold counting. It has been shown that this extension does not increase the expressive power of LTL [6]. As another extension, LTL with just modulo counting modalities has been studied by [7]. In timed logics, Raskin's Ph.D thesis studied various extensions of MITL with the ability to count over the entire model. Rabinovich et. al. extended continuous MITL with counting (called the C modality) and Pnueli modalities [13] and showed that these extensions are more expressive than MITL. The counting modalities C n (φ), specify that the number of points that satisfy φ within licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY
Combining Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite significant advances in well-established treatment techniques, prognosis for advanced-stage HNSCC remains poor. Recent, accumulating evidence supports a role for immunotherapy in HNSCC treatment. Radiation therapy (RT), a standard treatment option for HNSCC, has immunomodulatory and immunostimulatory effects that may enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. In several cancer types, combining RT and immunotherapy has been shown to improve tumor response rates, increase survival, and reduce toxicity compared to traditional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review provides a timely overview of the current knowledge on the use of RT and immunotherapy for treating HNSCC. It highlights the potential advantages of combining these therapies, such as improved tumor response rates, increased survival, and reduced toxicity. The review also discusses the challenges that need to be addressed when redefining the standard of care in HNSCC, and proposes further research to optimize treatment combinations, minimize radiation-induced toxicity, and identify suitable patient populations for treatment.
Association between maternal postpartum depression and children's physical growth in early childhood: a birth cohort study

Background Untreated maternal postpartum depression (PPD) has consequences for children's physical growth, but no published study has evaluated changes in this effect over time. Here we therefore aimed to evaluate the dynamic effects of PPD on the physical growth of children in a prospective birth cohort. Methods Between 2015 and 2019, 960 mother-child pairs in Changsha, China were followed up when the child was aged 1–48 months. Data were obtained through household surveys. The mothers' depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) at 1 month postpartum. Linear mixed models were used to examine the changes in the association of PPD and EPDS scores with physical growth in six different age groups of children between 1 and 48 months. Results A total of 604 mother-child pairs completed the follow-up, and 3.3% of mothers reported PPD. No associations were found between PPD and weight or height growth at any age. While EPDS scores were associated with weight gain (β = −0.014, 95% CI (−0.025, −0.002), P = 0.024) and height growth (β = −0.044, 95% CI (−0.084, −0.004), P = 0.030) rates at 1–3 months, no associations were found in older children. Limitations The number of mothers who reported PPD was relatively small, and the measurement of PPD was not continuously taken. Conclusions After adjustments for confounders, no dynamic association was found between PPD and children's weight and height growth. EPDS scores, in contrast, did negatively affect children's weight and height growth at age 1–3 months, but this effect was not long-lasting.