Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel interrogation system for dynamic strain measurement based on fiber Bragg grating sensor using long period grating pair and EDF

In this paper, we employ a novel demodulation scheme to monitor the dynamic perturbation of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor using an long-period grating (LPG) pair with erbium-doped fiber (EDF) inserted between the two LPGs. The experimental results show that the proposed technique features high resolution and much more immunity to temperature perturbation compared to the conventional unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).
An Analysis of the Cooperative Mechano-Sensitive Feedback Between Intracellular Signaling, Focal Adhesion Development, and Stress Fiber Contractility

Cells communicate with their external environment via focal adhesions and generate activation signals that in turn trigger the activity of the intracellular contractile machinery. These signals can be triggered by mechanical loading that gives rise to a cooperative feedback loop among signaling, focal adhesion formation, and cytoskeletal contractility, which in turn equilibrates with the applied mechanical loads. We devise a signaling model that couples stress fiber contractility and mechano-sensitive focal adhesion models to complete this above mentioned feedback loop. The signaling model is based on a biochemical pathway where IP3 molecules are generated when focal adhesions grow. These IP3 molecules diffuse through the cytosol leading to the opening of ion channels that disgorge Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum leading to the activation of the actin/myosin contractile machinery. A simple numerical example is presented where a one-dimensional cell adhered to a rigid substrate is pulled at one end, and the evolution of the stress fiber activation signal, stress fiber concentrations, and focal adhesion distributions are investigated. We demonstrate that while it is sufficient to approximate the activation signal as spatially uniform due to the rapid diffusion of the IP3 through the cytosol, the level of the activation signal is sensitive to the rate of application of the mechanical loads. This suggests that ad hoc signaling models may not be able to capture the mechanical response of cells to a wide range of mechanical loading events. © 2011 American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Teachers' Job Satisfaction: Multilevel Analyses of Teacher, School, and Principal Effects

Teachers' job satisfaction (TJS) can be defined as the emotional reactions of teachers to their jobs or teaching roles. In this study, it is aimed to investigate the determinants of teachers, principal and school-based factors on job satisfaction of teachers. In this study, which is based on relational survey model, secondary data obtained from TALIS-2018 evaluation were analyzed with Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling. 196 principals and 3952 teachers from Turkey who participated in TALIS-2018 survey constitute the sample of the research. According to the results of the study, teachers' age, gender, career preferences and participation in professional development activities, the locations of the schools they work in and the type of school (state / private) and the gender of the school principals were found to be determinants of job satisfaction. Teachers' work experience, having foreign students in their classes, school principal's age and work experience did not affect teachers' job satisfaction.
Source-Based L1 Student Writing Development: Analyzing the Relationships Among Functional Dimensions of Source Use and the Quality of Source Use

Source-based writing is a complex and frequently occurring task type in postsecondary education. While a large body of research now exists investigating source-based student writing, few studies have used corpus-based methods to investigate L1 student performance on source-based writing tasks and to connect this performance to the holistic quality of source use. The current study investigates the relationship among functional dimensions of source use, operationalized for each text (N = 150) as factor scores from a previously conducted multidimensional analysis, and the quality of source use through a simultaneous multiple regression. Then, using the two functional dimensions that emerged as significant predictors of the holistic quality of source use, a qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate how the most strongly loading variables on those two functional dimensions may be contributing to the effectiveness of source use. Implications are discussed as they relate to the development of source-based L1 student writing.
Plasmon saturation induced super-resolution imaging

Conventionally, super-resolution imaging is achieved by manipulating the on/off switching of fluorophores, or by saturation of fluorescence emission. To prevent the photobleaching of fluorophores, we demonstrate novel superresolution imaging based on saturation of scattering from plasmonic particles, for the first time. With spectral studies, we have confirmed the saturation is directly linked to surface plasmon resonance effect. With the aid of saturation excitation microscopy, plus field concentration due to nonlinear plasmon resonance, we have achieved optical resolution below 80-nm based on scattering. Our study will open up a completely new paradigm for super-resolution microscopy.
The stability of vortices in a rotating, stratified fluid

Axisymmetric flows with a two-layer density stratification are produced by releasing either a constant flux of fluid from a point source or a constant volume of fluid into a rotating environment with a different density. In both experiments the density interface intersects one horizontal boundary, forming a front. Transition to non-axisym-metric flow is observed and can be described by two parameters: θ, the square of the ratio of the internal Rossby radius of deformation to the horizontal length scale of the flow, and δ, the fraction of the total fluid depth occupied by the layer inside the front. For θ [Lt ] 1 and δ > 10−1 unstable disturbances obtain most of their energy from the potential energy of the flow, whilst for δ < 10−1 extraction of kinetic energy from the basic shear becomes the dominant driving mechanism. When the front intersects the free surface, n = 2 is the minimum azimuthal wavenumber for an unstable disturbance. At large amplitude of the growing waves, baroclinic and barotropic processes combine to form n vortex dipole structures which entrain buoyant fluid from the original vortex and propagate radially over the free surface. Vortices are also produced by the continuous release of fluid from a confined source at its own density level in a region of constant density gradient. As in the two-layer case the axisymmetric vortex grows to a critical size and then becomes unstable to a disturbance with wavenumber n = 2, producing, at large amplitude, two vortex pairs.
Techniques for quantifying the Star Formation Morphology of Galaxies at increasing redshift

Abstract We present a brief, comparative, study of the morphology of a sample of 9 late type, star forming, local galaxies, as seen in different bands. The objects are present in the “The Hα Galaxy Survey” by James et al., 2004 (J04 hereafter), in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (“SDSSS”, York et al., 2000), and also in data from GALEX (Martin et al. 2005). We tested the pixel to pixel proportionality v. Hα of images in broad bands from FUV to NIR. We also analyzed the differences in the radial profiles of light in different bands. Finally, we also measured several parameters of the morphology of the distributions of light, as detected in bands of SDSS (u,g,r,i,z), GALEX (NUV, FUV) and in R and Hα from J04, aiming to test which bands better mimic the spatial distribution of the SF as traced by Hα. Our goal is to acquire as accurate a determination as possible of the spatial distribution of the massive star formation in local galaxies, to compare with the analogous distribution in galaxies at increasing redshift.
A singularity method for calculating hydrodynamic forces and particle velocities in low-Reynolds-number flows

A numerical technique is presented which allows one to estimate hydrodynamic forces and torques or translational and angular velocities of particles in a general flow field. Particle–solid wall interactions can be readily included. The base functions used in the technique presented are singular fundamental solutions of the Stokes equation for a point force and a point force and a point source. The least-square approach is used preferentially in order to find the intensities of these singularities. Test calculations show that the results are self-consistent and in fairly good agreement with the exact solutions in a wide range of conditions. For example, for a spherical particle moving with no slip towards the solid wall, it has been shown that the method can provide good estimates of the resistance coefficient up to separations of the order of 5% of the particle radius. We believe that better agreement, for smaller separations, is within reach at the expense of increased computer costs. For spheroidal particles good results were obtained for aspect ratio in the range 0.5–2.0.
Mirror Symmetry: What is it for Relational Space to be Orientable?

As Pooley (2001) explains, the challenge of giving a relational account of orientability (and topology more generally) is not an easy one. This paper criticizes Pooley's and other proposals, raises a range of problems for the project, and then proposes a novel way for the relationist to understand not only topology, but also the geometry of space. This proposal is the `regularity account' since it claims that geometry and topology supervene on the regular ways in which relations evolve.
VASIČEK BEYOND THE NORMAL

A general Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck (OU) process is obtained upon replacing the Brownian motion appearing in the defining stochastic differential equation with a general Lévy process. Certain properties of the Brownian ancestor are distribution‐free and carry over to the general OU process. Explicit expressions are obtainable for expected values of a number of functionals of interest also in the general case. Special attention is paid here to gamma‐ and Poisson‐driven OU processes. The Brownian, Poisson, and gamma versions of the OU process are compared in various respects; in particular, their aptitude to describe stochastic interest rates is discussed in view of some standard issues in financial and actuarial mathematics: prices of zero‐coupon bonds, moments of present values, and probability distributions of present values of perpetuities. The problem of possible negative interest rates finds its resolution in the general setup by taking the driving Lévy process to be nondecreasing.
Application of the higher‐order Cauchy–Born rule in mesh‐free continuum and multiscale simulation of carbon nanotubes

This paper investigates the application of a recently proposed higher‐order Cauchy–Born rule in the continuum simulation and multiscale analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A mesh‐free computational framework is developed to implement the numerical computation of the hyper‐elastic constitutive model that is derived from the higher‐order Cauchy–Born rule. The numerical computation reveals that the buckling pattern of a single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) can be accurately displayed by taking into consideration the second‐order deformation gradient, and fewer mesh‐free nodes can provide a good simulation of homogeneous deformation. The bridging domain method is employed to couple the developed mesh‐free method and the atomistic simulation. The coupling method is used to simulate the bending buckling of an SWCNT and the tensile failure of an SWCNT with a single‐atom vacancy defect, and good computational results are obtained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Expectations of the Local Community and Visitors From Tourism in Rural Areas: Case of Safranbolu-Yorukkoyo Village

In this study, the following topics were questioned with a research based on questionnaires, observations and related litera- ture. •� What is the visitors' land use and satisfaction level? •� What are the expectations of the local community from tourism and what are they able to do? With this aim, different questionnaires were applied to the visitors and the local community in the case of the Safranbolu- Yorukkoyu Village. These questionnaires were applied to a total of randomly selected 194 people. 144 of them were composed of visitors and 50 of them were from the local community. Questionnaires have been applied to people having different socio-eco- nomic structures in June and July of 2004. The research shows that Safranbolu-Yorukkoyu has a suitable potential for rural tourism with its historical, cultural and natural resources. These resources can contribute to the diversification and distribution of tourism to different seasons, and the local people can have active roles during this process.
Study of applications of second harmonic generation

Two applications of second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical technique, are studied. First, Fresnel factors are used with a bond model to describe SHG from vicinal silicon at ﬁve incidence angles: 7 . 5 ◦ , 22 ◦ , 30 ◦ , 45 ◦ , and 52 ◦ . Second, a prototype apparatus for applying SHG to enhance imaging capabilities of optical coherence tomography, a microscopy technique used in many biological ﬁelds, is brieﬂy described.
Conspicuous Consumption in Sport – Do Athletes Behave Conspicuously?

Conspicuous consumption is constantly evolving due to the availability of goods and the technology development. People have many opportunities to express their values, beliefs, and personalities through product and price is no longer the main factors determining whether a product is suitable for conspicuous consumption. With the development of social networks such as Instagram, the influence of recommendations by influencers are gaining momentum. By consuming similar products (and brands) as those consumed by influencers, consumers seek to demonstrate their similarity to influencers and thus join a particular social group. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between influencer marketing and the perception of sports products as conspicuous and to specify the purchasing behavior for sportswear. Primary data were collected using an online questionnaire focusing on Generation Z (n = 240) and in-depth interviews (n = 10). The questionnaire was based on previous studies of conspicuousness and status consumption and included a set of 22 statements. Data were processed using a factorial analysis in which statements were grouped into several main factors. These factors were examined through regression analysis, with the explanatory variable being the tendency toward conspicuous consumption. Although, the quantitative data analysis did not reveal a tendency toward conspicuous consumption of sports products, the qualitative analysis supports this relationship.
Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows in a wall-normal rotating channel

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) is carried out to study turbulence characteristics in a wall-normal rotating channel with the rotation number N τ from 0 to 0.12 and the Reynolds number 194 based on the friction velocity of the non-rotating case and the half-height of the channel. Based on the present calculated results, two typical rotation regimes are identified. When in weak rotation regime with 0 < N τ < 0.05, turbulence statistics correlated with the spanwise velocity fluctuation are enhanced since the shear rate of the spanwise mean flow induced by the Coriolis force increases, but other statistics are suppressed. When in strong rotation regime with N τ > 0.05, all the turbulence statistics decrease as the effect of the Coriolis force plays a dominant role. The budgets of transport equations for the Reynolds stresses are calculated to reveal the effect of the Coriolis force on the dynamic process of turbulent kinetic energy production, dissipation and redistribution. With the increase of N τ in weak rotation regime, the main mechanism for the generation of the streamwise turbulent energy is gradually altered from the shear production effect related to the streamwise mean flow to the energy redistribution due to the pressure strain correlation. Correspondingly, the generation of the spanwise turbulent energy also changes from the energy redistribution effect to the shear production of the spanwise mean flow. In strong rotation regime, the mean flow shear rate is found to be a key factor to the turbulence production and dissipation. The redistribution between the streamwise and spanwise components of turbulent kinetic energy due to the effect of the Coriolis force becomes weak. A remarkable change of the direction of the near-wall vortical structures, nearly in alignment with the absolute mean flow direction, is observed. An attempt to evaluate the mean spacing between the streaky structures and the angle between the wall structures and streamwise direction has been examined based on the two-point correlations of the velocity fluctuations to reveal the change of the near-wall structures.
A comparative study of 10% lidocaine spray versus eutectic mixture of 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine (EMLA) to attenuate pain of peripheral venous cannulation in children: A prospective randomized control trial at a tertiary care centre

Background and Aims: Eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) cream is the commonly used topical anesthetic for painful intradermal procedures. Topical 10% lidocaine spray has successfully been used to anesthetize mucosal surfaces. Owing to its skin penetrative properties, this study was conducted to compare dermal analgesia between 10% lidocaine spray and EMLA cream for intravenous (IV) cannulation in children. Methods: In this prospective single-blind randomized study, ninety-nine Paediatric patients were assigned into Group A (number(n) =51) with Lignocaine 10% spray applied 10 minutes and Group B (n = 48) EMLA cream applied 1 hour prior to cannulation. Vital signs were recorded before, during, and after the procedure. The primary objective of the study was assessment of severity of pain during IV cannulation using 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Secondary objectives such as ease of cannulation and adverse effects were also noted. Results: All cannulations were performed in the first attempt with no adverse effects in both lidocaine group and EMLA group. The median (interquartile range) VAS score was 2 cm (1 to 3) in both the groups with a P value of 0.58. Conclusion: Topical 10% lidocaine spray applied ten minutes before venous cannulation is as effective as EMLA cream applied an hour before cannulation in children in providing dermal analgesia for intravenous cannulation with an added advantage of rapid onset of action in the former group.
Market Manipulation in Stock and Power Markets: A Study of Indicator-Based Monitoring and Regulatory Challenges

In recent years, algorithmic-based market manipulation in stock and power markets has considerably increased, and it is difficult to identify all such manipulation cases. This causes serious challenges for market regulators. This work highlights and lists various aspects of the monitoring of stock and power markets, using as test cases the regulatory agencies and regulatory policies in diverse regions, including Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. Reported cases of market manipulations in the regions are examined. In order to help establish a relevant digital regulatory system, this work reviews and categorizes the indicators used to monitor the stock and power markets, and provides an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the indicators and market manipulation. This study specifically compiles a set of 10 indicators for detecting manipulation in the stock market, utilizing the perspectives of return rate, liquidity, volatility, market sentiment, closing price and firm governance. Additionally, 15 indicators are identified for detecting manipulation in the power market, utilizing the perspectives of market power (also known as pricing power or market structure), market conduct and market performance. Finally, the study elaborates on the current challenges in the regulation of stock and power markets in terms of parameter performance, data availability and technical requirements.
A Method of Solution for Quadratic Programs

This paper describes a method of minimizing a strictly convex quadratic functional of several variables constrained by a system of linear inequalities. The method takes advantage of strict convexity by first computing the absolute minimum of the functional. In the event that the values of the variables yielding the absolute minimum do not satisfy the constraints, an equivalent and simplified quadratic problem in the "Lagrange multipliers" is derived. An efficient algorithm is devised for the transformed problem, which leads to the solution in a finite number of applications. A numerical example illustrates the method.
THE LARGE DEVIATION PRINCIPLE FOR MEASURES WITH RANDOM WEIGHTS

In this paper, we study the problem of large deviations for measures with random weights. We are motivated by previous work dealing with the special case occuring in the statistical mechanics of the Bose gas. We study the problem in an abstract setting, isolating what is general from what is dependent on Bose statistics. We succeed in proving the large deviation principle for a large class of measures with random weights and obtaining the corresponding rate function in an explicit form. In particular, our results are applicable to the Fermi gas and the spherical model.
The influence of the environment on the propagation of protostellar outflows

The properties of bipolar outflows depend on the structure in the environment as well as the nature of the jet. To help distinguish between the two, we investigate here the properties pertaining to the ambient medium. We execute axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations, injecting continuous atomic jets into molecular media with density gradients (protostellar cores) and density discontinuities (thick swept-up sheets). We determine the distribution of outflowing mass with radial velocity (the mass spectrum) to quantify our approach and to compare to observationally determined values. We uncover a sequence from clump entrainment in the flanks to bow shock sweeping as the density profile steepens. We also find that the dense, highly supersonic outflows remain collimated but can become turbulent after passing through a shell. The mass spectra vary substantially in time, especially at radial speeds exceeding 15 km s -1 . The mass spectra also vary according to the conditions: both envelope-type density distributions and the passage through dense sheets generate considerably steeper mass spectra than a uniform medium. The simulations suggest that observed outflows penetrate highly non-uniform media.