Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal mass lesions: A clinicopathological study with p63 and p16 immunohistochemical expressions

Introduction: The worldwide annual incidence of carcinomas of the sinonasal tract is 0.5 to 1.0 patients per 100,000 per year. P63 plays a role in epithelial development and is used as a marker for basal and myoepithelial cells. Expression of p16 occurs as a result of functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by the human papilloma virus (HPV) E7 protein. Aims: This study aims to study the histological spectrum of benign and malignant sinonasal mass lesions and to study the immunohistochemical expression of p63 in different type of sinonasal mass lesions. It also aims to ascertain the incidence of high-risk HPV in primary sinonasal mass lesions with p16 immunohistochemistry and delineate the histological spectrum of HPV-related sinonasal lesions. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 cases from June 2018 to June 2020 at a tertiary care hospital. Clinical history including demographic parameters were collected in the study proforma. The gross findings of the specimens noted and histopathological examination by H&E staining done. Immunohistochemistry staining for p63 and p16 expression was performed on all cases. Results: Most common age group affected was 41–60 years with male:female ratio of 1.67:1. Nonneoplastic lesions (38.7%) comprised majority of the cases followed by benign neoplastic lesions (31.3%) and malignant neoplastic lesions (30%). Among the malignant neoplastic lesions, p63 showed positive expression in 75% (p = 0.005) and p16 showed positive expression in 41.7% (p = 0.023). Among benign and nonneoplastic lesions, p63 showed positivity in 21.4% (p = 0.000) and p16 showed positivity in 44.6% (p = 0.040). Conclusion: We analyzed p63 and p16 expression in varied lineages like carcinomas, papillomas, and neuroectodermal differentiation arising from the sinonasal tract and also in relation to other clinicopathological parameters. This study revealed p63 expression was associated more with the squamous cell carcinomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Sinonasal tract malignancies are also associated with HPV infections that are identifiable by p16 immunostaining and, thus, could provide new prospects in identifying any definite biological and clinical characteristics associated with HPV as well as advancement in the targeted therapies for this patient population.
Phonons, Instabilities and Origin of Polarization in KDP Crystals

The Γ-phonons of KH2PO4 (KDP) and its deuterated analog DKDP are studied via first-principles linear response calculations. The paraelectric phase shows two instabilities. One for a z-polarized mode, which leads to the spontaneous polarization Ps of the ferroelectric phase. The other corresponds to a two-fold degenerate xy-polarized mode. Other phonons are analyzed, which couple to the ferroelectric one at large amplitudes and are relevant for the ferroelectric transition. We show that Ps is mainly of electronic nature, since it arises mostly from an off-diagonal component of the Born effective charge tensor of H, with minor contribution from P atoms displacements.
The clinicopathological and prognostic significance of mTOR and p-mTOR expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis

Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has a crucial role in carcinogenesis, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and metastasis; however, its significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains contentious. Consequently, this study aims to assess the clinicopathological and prognostic importance of mTOR/p-mTOR expression in NSCLC. Methods: Literature retrieval was undertaken by searching English databases PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library as well as Chinese databases CNKI, Wan Fang, and VIP for full-text publications that satisfied our eligibility criteria up to November 2021. STATA 12.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX). Results: This meta-analysis includes a total of 4683 patients from 28 primary publications. mTOR/p-mTOR expression was associated with sex (OR = 0.608, 95% CI: 0.442–0.836), lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.084, 95% CI: 1.437–3.182), and CEA (OR = 1.584, 95% CI: 1.135–2.209), but not with age, histological type, depth of tumor invasion, distant metastasis, TNM stage, differentiation degree, tumor size, or smoking. In addition, the expression of mTOR/p-mTOR is related to shorter overall survival in NSCLC patients (HR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.051–1.905). Conclusion: Positive mTOR/p-mTOR expression was substantially correlated with unfavorable conditions on the sex, lymph node metastases, and CEA levels. mTOR/p-mTOR may indicate a bad prognosis for NSCLC. The current findings must be confirmed and changed by other high-quality research employing a multivariate analysis on bigger sample size.
Rupture-mediated large uterine defect at 30th gestational week with protruded amniotic sac and fetal head without fetal compromise after laparoscopic electromyolysis: Case report and literature review

Background: We describe a case of a rupture–mediated large uterine defect, which occurred on the 30th gestation week presenting a protruding amniotic sac sac without fetal compromise after a laparoscopic electromyolysis. Case presentation: A 28-year-old woman in her 30th week of gestation (gravida 2, para 0) presented with whole abdominal and right lower quadrant pain at Sanggye Paik Hospital. Ultrasound examination showed normal amniotic fluid and placentation but with breech presentation. She had undergone laparoscopic right ovarian cystectomy due to endometriosis 5 years earlier. Cardiotocography revealed an intermittent variable deceleration and no uterine contraction. Magnetic resonance imaging ruled out acute appendicitis. Four hours later, we observed a protrusion of the amniotic sac with the fetal head through a large uterine defect on magnetic resonance imaging, and performed emergency cesarean section. A boy was delivered without fetal compromise. During the cesarean section, multiple myometric wall defects and thinning were identified. After reconstruction of the uterine wall, the flaccid uterus bled persistently; thus, a cesarean hysterectomy was performed. Packed red cells and frozen plasma were transfused. The mother and neonate had uneventful puerperal and neonatal courses, respectively. After cesarean hysterectomy, we were informed that the mother had undergone a combined laparoscopic electromyolysis during the laparoscopic right ovarian cystectomy. Three years later, the child showed normal neural development. Conclusions: Before myomectomy or electromyolysis, patients should be informed of the possibility of uterine rupture during subsequent pregnancies. If a pregnant woman has abdominal pain, clinicians should take a detailed history of uterine surgery and consider uterine rupture. Although, fortunately, the outcomes in this case were uneventful, urgent delivery is required when uterine rupture is diagnosed.
VACCINATION AND IMMUNE RESPONSES OF EUROPEAN SEA BASS ( Dicentrarchus labrax L

: This review summarizes the available knowledge on the immune defences of European sea bass against antigenic preparations derived from the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy virus (betanodavirus), which represents a major threat to the health of this fish species. The nodavirus is widely present and differentiates into several strains that infect invertebrates (in insects, alphanodavirus) and teleost fish
A study on the composition analysis and identification of ancient glass products based on SVM model

: This paper focuses on the composition of ancient glass artifacts and the identification of types based on composition. Firstly, this study is to classify and summarize unknown ancient glass artifacts and perform sensitivity analysis, and secondly, to analyze the relationship between the chemical composition of different glass types and to derive the correlation differences in relation to the glass types. For problem one, a support vector machine classification model was developed, the sample data set was trained, the model obtained after training was saved, and then the data related to each chemical composition of the unknown type of ancient glass artifacts were imported, and finally their classification results were obtained, and a sensitivity analysis was performed in 10 groups for the highly significant indicator factor of silica content, when the silica content changed , while other factors remained constant, it was found that the classification results showed a great difference and the prediction probability changed significantly, so the established support vector machine classification model was considered to be highly sensitive. For the second problem, the internal relationship between the various chemical components of different types of ancient glass artifacts was analyzed, and here the Pearson correlation analysis was done between the different types of chemical components and each other, and several types were combined and the cross-sectional comparison was done by the heat diagram between them, and it was concluded that the correlation between barium oxide and copper oxide, phosphorus pentoxide and calcium oxide, barium oxide and sulfur dioxide in the type of lead barium The color effect of the thermogram is significant, while the correlation between phosphorus pentoxide and iron oxide, calcium oxide and potassium oxide, and strontium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide in the high potassium type is significant, and the color effect of the thermogram is significant.
The Welfare Effects of Workfare: Combining a Structural Model and Experimental Data*

This paper estimates a structural model of job search accounting for the workfare element of the unemployment insurance system using a randomized experiment. I analyze the consequences of workfare on worker welfare and identify utility costs and benefits of workfare using the experimental variation. I use the compensating variation (CV) as a measure of the impact of the experimental treatment on worker welfare, the welfare costs, and I compare it to the benefits of the experiment in terms of increased job finding. I find that the average CV corresponds to 1.5–1.7 weeks of UI and lowers the experiment’s net benefits significantly. The impact on workers is heterogeneous and the welfare costs are larger for individuals with lower employment prospects. Overall, the analysis shows that accounting for the effect of workfare on worker welfare is important in assessing whether a given level of workfare is appropriate. JEL: C9, I3, J64, J65, J68 *Acknowledgment: I thank the Carlsberg Foundation (CF15-0647) for providing financial support for this research. I thank the Danish Agency for Labor Market and Recruitment and the ECONAU project database (Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University) for making the data available. This paper has benefited from numerous comments and discussions at seminars and conferences. I also gratefully acknowledge comments and suggestions from J. Lise, J. Smith, J. Kennan, E. Moen, R. Lentz, T.M. Andersen, J. Bagger, G. Bruze and R. Vejlin. 1
1. Baseline Predictions for Open and Hidden Heavy Flavor Production at RHIC II

Charm and bottom hadrons can be detected two ways. The reconstruction of charm through charged hadron decays such as D0 → K−π+ (3.8%) and D+ → K−π+π+ (9.1%) gives the full momentum of the initial D meson, yielding the best direct measurement. The B meson decay channels, with the exception of B → J/ψK, involve more particles. In addition, the branching ratios are all smaller – the J/ψK decay channel has a branching ratio of 0.1%. Heavy flavors can also be detected indirectly via semi-leptonic decays such as D → lX , B → lX and B → DX → lX ′ although the momentum of the parent heavy flavor hadron remains unknown. Early measurements of prompt leptons in beam dump experiments assumed that the density of the dump was high enough to absorb semi-leptonic decays of non-charm hadrons, leaving only the charm component. At modern colliders, it is not possible to use beam dumps to measure charm from leptons but, at sufficiently high pT , electrons from heavy flavor decays emerge from hadronic cocktails.
On focusing adverb largely in Middle English

LikemanyGerman dialects, Swabian possesses nasal vowels. However, Swabian is distinguished from dialects which possess mere allophonic or phonetic nasal vowels in that nasalization has had immense and lasting consequences on the Swabian phonological system. In Swabian, inherited Middle High German vowel-nasal (VN) sequences regularly surface as long nasal vowels [Ṽ:]. The loss of the triggering nasal consonant creates a contrast between oral and nasal vowels. In this way, Swabian [SVa:ts] Schwarz contrasts with [SVã:ts] Schwanz, as described by Caro Reina (2019). If these nasal vowels are indeed phonemic, Swabian would obey the two universals concerning nasal vowels outlined by Greenberg (1969): that the presence of nasal vowels in the language implies the presence of oral vowels, and that the number of nasal vowel phonemes will not be greater than the number of oral vowel phonemes. In the case of Swabian, obedience to the latter universal is due in part to the centralizing effect that nasalization has had on vowels at the periphery of the vowel space. In nasalization, inherited high vowels lower and low vowels raise, such that Kopf [kho:pf] contrasts with Kumpf [khõ:pf] only in nasality. Sütterlin (1924) distinguishes between two classes of nasalization in German dialects: one, which he deems leicht genäselt, he claims to be ubiquitous, arising out of the physical process of velic opening during vocalic articulation. This sort of phonetic nasalization is distinct from what he calls stark genäselt nasalization, which arises from the coalescence of an oral vowel and a nasal consonant. Strong nasalization has taken place in Swabian, though I show it is not as simple as mere coalescence and compensatory lengthening, as the deletion of the nasal trigger is variable and is sensitive to the nasal’s place of articulation. This indicates that nasal deletion is the consequence of an independent syllableoptimizing process (Nübling and Schrambke, 2004). In this talk I discuss the provenance of present-day nasal vowels in Swabian, beginning in the Middle High German period. After outlining the regularities of the systematic anticipatory nasalization of vowels in this dialect based on Kauffmann (1890), I discuss the variation in the deletion of the nasal trigger, which is the final stage in the phonologization of nasal vowels in this dialect. Plank (2009), in remarking on the contrastiveness of vocalic nasality in Upper German, calls it an ”assumption”, a statement which begs further investigation. The question of the phonemic status of these vowels has largely been neglected or avoided in previous works on this subject, both for Swabian and for nasalization in other dialects (Schirmunski, 1962).
Clinical trainee performance on task‐based AR/VR‐guided surgical simulation is correlated with their 3D image spatial reasoning scores

This paper describes a methodology for the assessment of training simulator‐based computer‐assisted intervention skills on an AR/VR‐guided procedure making use of CT axial slice views for a neurosurgical procedure: external ventricular drain (EVD) placement. The task requires that trainees scroll through a stack of axial slices and form a mental representation of the anatomical structures in order to subsequently target the ventricles to insert an EVD. The process of observing the 2D CT image slices in order to build a mental representation of the 3D anatomical structures is the skill being taught, along with the cognitive control of the subsequent targeting, by planned motor actions, of the EVD tip to the ventricular system to drain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Convergence is established towards the validity of this assessment methodology by examining two objective measures of spatial reasoning, along with one subjective expert ranking methodology, and comparing these to AR/VR guidance. These measures have two components: the speed and accuracy of the targeting, which are used to derive the performance metric. Results of these correlations are presented for a population of PGY1 residents attending the Canadian Neurosurgical “Rookie Bootcamp” in 2019.
Identification of individual bistable defects in avalanche photodiodes

The effects of individual bistable defects on the dark counting rate of avalanche photodiodes have been monitored and their temperature dependence studied. The presence of a bistable defect in the diode is indicated by the repeated random switching of the counting rate between two well‐defined rates. Four of the defects studied were produced via reaction with a single neutron from a Be–Am source, while two were found to exist without irradiation. Results were analyzed in terms of the activation energies of the electron generating capabilities of the defects, and the effective potential barriers between the two structural configurations of the bistable states. Among the six defects studied, two of them could be of the same type.
Differences between cylindrical and conical brass instruments; the nonlinear propagation point of view from experiments and simulations

The brightness of the sound generated by brass instruments is due to the essential nonlinearity of the wave propagation in the pipe. The bright instruments such as the trumpet and the trombone are different from brass instruments such as saxhorns or flugelhorns. The bright instruments have a cylindrical pipe segment just downstream of the mouthpiece. The conical bore of the saxhorns implies a faster decay of the wave, which reduces the nonlinear wave steepening. In this talk, theoretical and experimental results of brassiness associated with brass instruments having different bores, from mainly cylindrical ones to mainly conical ones, will be shown. The theoretical results come from simulations of periodic regimes using a theoretical background based on generalized Burger’s equations.
Long-Wavelength Surface Spin Waves on Antiferromagnets

The first discussion of a long-wavelength, magnetostatic, surface spin-wave mode on uniaxial antiferromagnets is presented. In the absence of an applied field, the frequency of the surface wave depends on the angle between the direction of propagation and the easy axis. With a magnetic field applied parallel to the surface, and along the easy axis, the surface mode does not propagate in all directions, but is limited to a restricted set of angles.
On stationary and travelling vortex breakdowns

This paper describes some experiments in swirling flows in a diverging cylindrical tube in which various types of vortex breakdowns were observed. In one set of experiments, the position of the breakdown, axial component of the velocity of the vortex core, swirl angle distribution ahead of the breakdown, and the pressure distribution along the tube were determined for various flow rates and for various values of circulation imparted to the fluid (water). Basically, three types of vortex breakdown were observed, viz. mild (double helix) breakdown, spiral breakdown (followed by turbulent mixing), and axisymmetric breakdown (followed by a thicker vortex core, then a spiral breakdown, and finally by turbulent mixing). The type and the location of the stationary breakdowns were found to be dependent, for the particular vortex tube used, upon the Reynolds and circulation numbers of the flow. In a spiral breakdown, the vortex core filament maintained the same sense of rotation as the upstream fluid elements. In an axisymmetric breakdown, the bubble included an inclined vortex-ring whose axis gyrated about the axis of the tube. In a second set of experiments, the response of the abrupt structural change along the axis of flow to gradual and abrupt changes in the upstream and downstream flow conditions was examined. The axisymmetric breakdown responded in a manner analogous to the hydraulic jump in open-channel flow before if reached a new stationary position along the axis of the tube. The observations reported and the evidence presented herein revealed that the axisymmetric breakdown is a finite transition between two sequent states of flow as proposed by Benjamin (1962, 1965, 1967) on theoretical grounds.
Basing the Analysis of Comparative Bioavailability Trials on an Individualized Statistical Definition of Equivalence

The conventional definition of bioequivalence in terms of population means only, is criticized for lacking relevance to the individual subject. Both approaches to bioequivalence assessment proposed here for avoiding this shortcoming, focus on the probability of an event induced by the response of a randomly selected subject to two formulations of a given active agent. The first approach leads to converting the basic idea underlying the well-known 75-rule into an exact statistical procedure. The second approach is of a parametric nature. It reduces bioequivalence assessment to testing against the alternative hypothesis that the standardized expected value of a Gaussian distribution is contained in a short interval around zero. For this problem, an exact optimal solution is provided as well.
Electrical properties of a two-dimensionally hexagonal C60 photopolymer

We investigated the electrical properties of a two-dimensionally (2D) hexagonal C60 photopolymer, using four-probe measurements in air at room temperature. The current–voltage curve shows that the photopolymer exhibits nondoped semiconducting behavior. This behavior is consistent with the theoretical prediction that a 2D hexagonal C60 polymer with a crosslinkage of a [2+2] cycloadditional four-member ring between adjacent C60 molecules is semiconducting [S. Okada and S. Saito, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1930 (1999)]. The origin of these semiconducting properties is discussed on the basis of density-functional calculations for the valence molecular orbitals of the dumbbell C120, which is regarded as a basic unit of the [2+2] crosslinkage of the 2D photopolymer.
Stochastic modeling and real-time prognostics for multi-component systems with degradation rate interactions

Many conventional models that characterize the reliability of multi-component systems are developed on the premise that component failures in a system are independent. By contrast, this article offers a unique perspective on modeling component interdependencies and predicting their residual lifetimes. Specifically, the article provides a stochastic modeling framework for characterizing interactions among the degradation processes of interdependent components of a given system. This is achieved by modeling the behaviors of condition-/degradation-based sensor signals that are associated with each component. The proposed model is also used to estimate the residual lifetime distributions of each component. In addition, a Bayesian framework is used to update the predicted residual lifetime distributions using sensor signals that are correlated with the real-time dynamics associated with the interactions. The robustness and prediction accuracy of the methodology are investigated through a comprehensive simulation study that compares the performance of the proposed model to a counterpart benchmark that does not account for degradation interactions.
A note on monotonicity of zeros of generalized Hermite–Sobolev-type orthogonal polynomials

In this paper, we analyse a Mehler–Heine formula and the behaviour of zeros of orthogonal polynomials associated with a symmetrization process of Laguerre–Sobolev-type orthogonal polynomials. More precisely, the limit of these zeros, their monotonicity as well as their dependence of the masses are obtained. In such a way, we obtain a natural generalization of the results given in Alfaro et al. [Asymptotic for a generalization of Hermite polynomials, Asympt. Anal. 66 (2010), pp. 103–117].