Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal Parity Order in the Two-Dimensional Mott Insulator.

The Mott insulator is characterized by having small deviations around the (integer) average particle density n, with pairs with n-1 and n+1 particles forming bound states. In one dimension, the effect is captured by a nonzero value of a nonlocal "string" of parities, which instead vanishes in the superfluid phase where density fluctuations are large. Here, we investigate the interaction induced transition from the superfluid to the Mott insulator, in the paradigmatic Bose Hubbard model at n=1. By means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations and finite size scaling analysis on L×M ladders, we explore the behavior of "brane" parity operators from one dimension (i.e., M=1 and L→∞) to two dimensions (i.e., M→∞ and L→∞). We confirm the conjecture that, adopting a standard definition, their average value decays to zero in two dimensions also in the insulating phase, evaluating the scaling factor of the "perimeter law" [S. P. Rath et al., Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 334, 256 (2013)ANPYA20003-380410.1016/j.aop. 2013.04. 006]. Upon introducing a further phase in the brane parity, we show that its expectation value becomes nonzero in the insulator, while still vanishing at the transition to the superfluid phase. These quantities are directly accessible to experimental measures, thus providing an insightful signature of the Mott insulator.
The CatLet score: a new coronary angiographic scoring tool accommodating the variable coronary anatomy for the first time.

Background The SYNTAX score for decision makings or outcome predictions in coronary artery disease does not account for the variations in the coronary anatomy, which is a clear fallacy for patients with less typical anatomy than suggested by the SYNTAX score. The current study aimed to derive a new coronary angiographic scoring system accommodating the variability in the coronary anatomy. Methods The 17-myocardial segment model and laws of competitive blood supply and flow conservation were utilized to derive this new scoring system. Results We obtained 6 types of RCA dominance, 3 types of diagonal size and 3 types of left anterior descending artery (LAD) length, which together resulted in a total of 54 patterns of coronary artery circulation to account for the variability in the coronary anatomy among individuals. A Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) angiographic scoring system has been designed based on the above-mentioned reclassification scheme (htpp://www.catletscore.com, IE browser is required to run this calculator). Conclusions This new CatLet angiographic scoring system accommodated the variability in the coronary anatomy and standardized the collection of the coronary angiographic data, which could facilitate the comparison and exchange of these data between different catheter labs. Its utility for predicting the clinical outcomes and standardizing the angiographic data collection will be investigated in a series of clinical trials enrolling "all-comers" with coronary artery disease (CAD).
On the Compositional Interpretation of the Geometric Albedo of Asteroids

COAA – Observatorio Nacional. r. Gal. Jos´e Cristino 77, 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (carvano@on.br)The geometric albedo is a measure of the fractionof the incoming radiation on a given bandpass (usu-ally the visible) that is reﬂected by a body. Among themany different ways of deﬁning “albedo”, it is the mostconvenient for remote sensing purposes and hence it iswidelyusedtocharacterizetheintrinsicreﬂectivityofso-lar system bodies. The geometric albedo has been com-monly used as an auxiliary parameter in attempts to de-termine the composition of those bodies. The geometricalbedo has also been in some instances used to scale re-ﬂectance spectra in compositional analysis involving ra-diative transfer methods.In this work I attempted to analyze the effects of sur-face packing on the geometric albedo of asteroids, withthe intent of providing a more consistent way to link thegeometric albedo of asteroids to the single scatter albedoof laboratory samples and thus facilitating the use of thegeometric albedo as a mineralogical discriminant. Thus,The main goal here is to provide a meaningful answer tothe question: given that an asteroid has a particular vis-ible geometric albedo , what can we say about its com-position? To this end I initially studied the relations be-tween the slope parameter G that describes the integralphase function of asteroids in the IAU HG system to theHapke scattering parameters. The effects of the scatter-ing parameter on the geometric albedo are modeled byHapke’s formulation [1], which describe the scatteringproperties using a minimum of 5 parameters.A genetic ﬁtting algorithm set to perform determin-ist crownding [2] is used to ﬁt Hapke integral phasefunctions to Lumme-Bowell integral phase functions de-scribed by values of the slope parameter G of the IAUHG system [3]. In the whole, the methodology used issimilar to the one of [4], but the genetic algorith allow amore throughout investigation of the existence of multi-ple solutions.As a result it was found that the weak dependence oftheintegralphasefunctiononthemacroscopicroughnessparameter θ¯prevent the existence of a unique correspon-dence between a given slope parameter G and the Hapkescattering parameters. Instead, a numerical method isderived that allows one to obtain the scattering param-eters (B0,h,ξ,w
Spatial variations in the unemployment rate: a case study of North West England

Taylor J. and Bradley S. (1983) Spatial variations in the unemployment rate: a case study of North West England, Reg. Studies 17, 113–124. This paper extends earlier work on the categorization of unemployment by exploring the reasons for spatial variations in cyclical unemployment and non-cyclical unemployment. Regression analysis is used to divide total unemployment into a cyclical category and a non-cyclical category in twenty-eight Travel-to-Work Areas in North West England during 1969–80. The spatial patterns of these two categories of unemployment are examined and an attemptis made to explain them. The main conclusions are: that spatial variations in the unemployment rate have been severely exacerbated by national recessions; that the spatial patterns of cyclical unemployment and non-cyclical unemployment are not random; and that there is considerable scope for public policy in rectifying the persistent structural weaknesses in certain groups of Travel-to-Work Areas in the NW region.
Hydrodynamic, translational diffusion in fiber suspensions subject to simple shear flow

Translational, hydrodynamic diffusivities for fibers and fluid particles in a suspension of fibers undergoing simple shear flow have been calculated. The hydrodynamic interactions between the fibers were treated using slender‐body theory. The diffusivities were obtained by averaging over all possible interactions. Both dilute (nl3≪1) and semidilute (nl3≫1 but nl2d≤1) suspensions were studied. Here, n is the number of fibers per unit volume, l is the fiber length, and d is the fiber diameter. In a complementary experimental study, the positions of tracer particles were observed in an index of refraction and density matched semidilute fiber suspension in a cylindrical Couette cell. The effective diffusivity of small tracer spheres that approximated ideal fluid particles exhibited an approximate linear growth with fiber concentration in qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions. The experimentally measured diffusivities were smaller than the theoretical predictions by about 20%–45%.
Linear kernels for (connected) dominating set on graphs with excluded topological subgraphs

We give the first linear kernels for the (Connected) Dominating Set problems on H-topological minor free graphs. We prove the existence of polynomial time algorithms that, for a given H-topological-minor-free graph G and a positive integer k, output an H-topological-minor-free graph G' on O(k) vertices such that G has a (connected) dominating set of size k iff G' has one. Our results extend the known classes of graphs on which the Dominating Set and Connected Dominating Set problems admit linear kernels. Prior to our work, it was known that these problems admit linear kernels on graphs excluding a fixed apex graph H as a minor. Moreover, for Dominating Set, a kernel of size kc(H), where c(H) is a constant depending on the size of H, follows from a more general result on the kernelization of Dominating Set on graphs of bounded degeneracy. Alon and Gutner explicitly asked whether one can obtain a linear kernel for Dominating Set on H-minor-free graphs. We answer this question in the affirmative and in fact prove a more general result. For Connected Dominating Set no polynomial kernel even on H-minor-free graphs was known prior to our work. On the negative side, it is known that Connected Dominating Set on 2-degenerated graphs does not admit a polynomial kernel unless coNP $\subseteq$ NP/poly. Our kernelization algorithm is based on a non-trivial combination of the following ingredients The structural theorem of Grohe and Marx [STOC 2012] for graphs excluding a fixed graph H as a topological minor; A novel notion of protrusions, different than the one defined in [FOCS 2009]; Our results are based on a generic reduction rule that produces an equivalent instance (in case the input graph is H-minor-free) of the problem, with treewidth $O(\sqrt{k})$. The application of this rule in a divide-and-conquer fashion, together with the new notion of protrusions, gives us the linear kernels.
19 Energy Limits for Life in the Subsurface

Life’s demand for energy drives rapid exchanges of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans, and land (1). Photosynthesis and respiration of organic carbon on and near the surface of Earth account for the vast bulk of the transfers of carbon between these reservoirs, processes that dwarf geologic sources and sinks of carbon on short timescales (2; Chapter 16, this volume). In recent years, however, it has become apparent that Earth hosts a vast subsurface biosphere (3–16) that operates much more slowly (17–20) than surface life. It is not clear to what depth this biosphere exists, the rates at which it is active, what reactions are being catalyzed for energy, or what impact it has had on Earth’s carbon cycle through time. Extrapolating metabolic rates on Earth’s surface to the subsurface is complicated by an essential difference – the types and rates of biological activity on the surface are determined by daily and seasonal cycles driven by the sun, but life in the subsurface seems to be more attuned to geologic processes and timescales. Such slow rates make it difficult to study subsurface life, but the biological demand for energy can be used to better understand the rates at which these organisms are active and how they interact with their geochemical environments. Studying subsurface life can therefore help reveal the energy limits for life and thus its spatial and temporal extent. In addition to hosting organisms on the low end of the bioenergetic spectrum, the potential size of the subsurface biosphere motivates many researchers studying deep life. Marine sediments alone have been estimated to contain 10–10 microbial cells (4, 5) and occupy 300 million km, over 22% of the volume of Earth’s oceans (21). A similar number of microorganisms are thought to inhabit the continental subsurface (9, 22; Chapter 17, this volume). Cells have been found as deep as 3.5 km beneath the surface of land, which, if true of all continental crust, would translate to a potential habitable volume of over 730 million km (taking the total continental crust surface to be 2.1 10 km; 23). Although there are no estimates of the size of the ocean crustal basement biosphere, if the top 600 m of it is sufficiently hydrologically permeable to host life (24–32), this would correspond to 1.8 billion km (based on the ocean crust covering 68.8% (2.99 10 km) of Earth’s surface; 23). Most recently, it has been estimated that the deep subsurface contains about 13% of the biomass on the planet (10).
Systematics and Taxonomy of Chapalichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae), a Small Genus of Live-Bearers from Central Mexico

The genus Chapalichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) consists of three allopatrically distributed species that occur on the Mesa Central, Mexico. Chapalichthys encaustus primarily occurs in the Río Lerma-Santiago basin, whereas both C. peraticus and C. pardalis have restricted distributions in the adjacent Río Balsas basin. Taxonomic issues in the genus center around the validity of C. peraticus. A formal systematic and taxonomic assessment of the genus inclusive of all three species of Chapalichthys has never been conducted. Therefore, the objectives of this study were two-fold: 1) to assess the phylogenetic relationships among multiple populations and all three species of Chapalichthys using 1,047 bp of mtDNA (ND2) sequence data, and 2) in light of the phylogenetic results, to re-examine the taxonomic status of C. peraticus using meristic and pigmentation characters. The phylogeny indicates two clades, each consisting of a valid species. One clade includes multiple populations of C. encaustus, and a second clade consists of multiple individuals of C. pardalis and C. peraticus. Chapalichthys pardalis and C. peraticus possess nearly identical mitochondrial sequences for ND2. Morphologically, meristic counts of all characters examined showed overlap for all three species and provide no species-specific diagnostic information. Chapalichthys encaustus can be differentiated from C. pardalis and C. peraticus based on the presence of vertical bars along the lateral flank versus a spotted pattern in the other two species. Chapalichthys pardalis and C. peraticus cannot be differentiated from one another based on pigmentation or meristics. The results from this study support the recognition of only two species of Chapalichthys: C. encaustus and C. pardalis.
The making of a profession

Fi ALGOL 60 Reply Dear Editor: In reply to the criticisms of ALGOL 60 by Arden, Galler and Graham in their letter appearing in the July, 196i Communications of the ACM, we wish to point out that the criticisms seemed to be based on an incorrect conclusion. They state that "since the function of the language is to communicate, each new addition must be weighed-considering on one hand the value of the addition in terms of more concise expression and on the other hand the deleterious effects to communication due to increased syntactical complexity. In our considered opinion the effect of the procedure parameter interpretation is more harmful than beneficial. " The particular point they are referring to is the call-by-name concept in ALGOL 60. Let us first point out that the call-by-name concept is strictly semantical in nature and in no way increases the syntactical complexity of the language. Now let us consider, does "call-by-name" really have any deleterious effects on communication. Arden, Galler, and Graham cite as an example a small ALGOL program with two call-by-name procedures to support their contention. While we must admit that this procedure would be difficult for a casual reader to understand, we wish to point out that this is only one small facet of the communicatkms problem. Let us consider the problem more fully. First, the problem must be easily expressed. A closer examination of this procedure clearly shows that it is written exactly as a programmer would think of the problem. The functions that pro-ccdures P and C are to perform are distinct and concisely stated. The programmer now having defined the functions is free to use them as he wishes without further concerning himself with the detailed statement-by-statement declaration of the procedures. Secondly, the statement of the problem must be unambigu-ously translatable by a compiler. This procedure is in no sense ambiguous and could be easily translated by any ALGOL translator. The men of Michigan also point out that the implicit variations of an actual parameter means that notational equivalences of conventional usage do not always apply. It is true that in the general case: X 2 does not correspond to X.X ax + bx does not correspond to (a-1-b)x XV-1 X does not correspond to 1 But this is only true if the progralnmer does not wish this correspondence to exist. The programmer or numerical analyst is in emnplete control …
Pollapl apostol dedomènwn se DHT dÐktua

The rapid evolution of the Internet and network technologies has led to an equally rapid increase in data dissemination applications. At the same time, the needs for quick data transfer increase daily. One of the most demanding categories of information disseminating applications are file sharing applications. In these applications, one transmitter wants to send data to a group of receivers, that are geographically distributed. It is obvious that the transmitter can not send the data to all receivers simultaneously, because his bandwidth is limited, while the receivers may be hundreds or even thousands. Therefore, the most common method is that of the creation of a dissemination tree, where the initial node forwards the information to some recipients and they forward it to their children etc. The dissemination tree is usually constructed over a peer-to-peer network and specifically over a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) network. This method, although solves the problem of multicasting, faces some problems. First, the dissemination tree is static, which means that the connections between the nodes can not be rearranged, if the condition of the underlying network changes. Moreover, there is no control over the efficiency of the nodes in the highest levels of the tree. This leads to a significant drop in the tree efficiency. In this thesis, we study the creation of a dynamic dissemination tree, which can adapt to the network conditions, thereby increasing the tree performance. Specifically, the basic evaluation metric is the bandwidth that end users perceive. We present evidence that shows the improvement that our algorithm imposes. We also study the creation of a dissemination tree that uses the existing DHT structure to efficiently and reliably (using erasure coding techniques) disseminate information and guarantees a logarithmic number of hops for message delivery. At the same time, the system tries to balance the load among all network nodes. Both systems were implemented and evaluated using the Pastry system and its implementation in Java (FreePastry).
Reassessment of the Taxonomic Position of Rickettsiella

Members of the genus Rickettsiella are intracellular procaryotic pathogens of invertebrates, including insects, crustaceans, and arachnids. Bacterial replication takes place in cell vacuoles in the fat body, the hepatopancreas, and other organs. Rickettsiella species were classified in the order Rickettsiales, the family Rickettsiaceae, and the tribe Wolbachieae; however, this position was determined solely on the basis of the close association of these organisms with arthropods and their intravacuolar location. Three Rickettsiella species are currently recognized (25). The type species Rickettsiella popilliae, was first described in 1951 as Coxiella popilliae and is the bacterium responsible for blue disease, a fatal infection of the larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica (6). Rickettsiella grylli and Rickettsiella chironomii were described subsequently by Vago and Martoja and by Weiser, respectively (19, 24). As Rickettsiella spp. replicate by using a cycle that mimics that of Chlamydia species, some investigators have suggested that these organisms more closely resemble members of the genus Chlamydia than members of the genus Rickettsia and should be transferred to the order Chlamydiales. In order to clarify the taxonomic status and the phylogenetic position of Rickettsiella grylli, we sequenced its 16s rRNA-encoding gene. The Rickettsiella grylli strain was provided by Max Bergoin. The organisms included in the phylogenetic analysis were Ehrlichia risticii (HRC-ILT (= ATCC VR-986T) (21), Ehrlichia chaffeensis Arkansas (l), Ehrlichia phagocytophila Old Sourho e 1 , Wolbachia pipientis (12), Rickettsia conorii Moroccan' :=) ATCC VR-141T) (16), Rickettsia prowazekii BrienlT (= ATCC VR-142T) (21), Orientia tsutsugamushi GilhamT (= ATCC VR-312T) (16), Bartonella quintana FullerT (= ATCC VR-358T) (13), Bartonella bacilliformis ATCC 35685T (ll), Brucella abortus 11-19 (5 , Coxiella burnetii Q117 Legionella anisa ATCC 35292T (15), Legionella pneumophila
Target site selection in transposition.

Transposable elements are discrete mobile DNA segments that can insert into non-homologous target sites. Diverse patterns of target site selectivity are observed: Some elements display considerable target site selectivity and others display little obvious selectivity, although none appears to be truly "random. " A variety of mechanisms for target site selection are used: Some elements use direct interactions between the recombinase and target DNA whereas other elements depend upon interactions with accessory proteins that communicate both with the target DNA and the recombinase. The study of target site selectivity is useful in probing recombination mechanisms, in studying genome structure and function, and also in providing tools for genome manipulation.
Unimodal vs. Multimodal Prediction of Antenatal Depression from Smartphone-based Survey Data in a Longitudinal Study

Antenatal depression impacts 7-20% of women globally, and can have serious consequences for both the mother and the infant. Preventative interventions are effective, but are cost-efficient only among those at high risk. As such, being able to predict and identify those at risk is invaluable for reducing the burden of care and adverse consequences, as well as improving treatment outcomes. While several approaches have been proposed in the literature for the automatic prediction of depressive states, there is a scarcity of research on automatic prediction of perinatal depression. Moreover, while there exist some works on the automatic prediction of postpartum depression using data collected in clinical settings and applied the model to a smartphone application, to the best of our knowledge, no previous work has investigated the automatic prediction of late antenatal depression using data collected via a smartphone app in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. This study utilizes data measuring various aspects of self-reported psychological, physiological and behavioral information, collected from 915 women in the first and second trimester of pregnancy using a smartphone app designed for perinatal depression. By applying machine learning algorithms on these data, this paper explores the possibility of automatic early detection of antenatal depression (i.e., during week 36 to week 42 of pregnancy) in everyday life without the administration of healthcare professionals. We compare uni-modal and multi-modal models and identify predictive markers related to antenatal depression. With multi-modal approach the model reaches a BAC of 0.75, and an AUC of 0.82.