Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insult of Ultraendurance Events on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The rise of ultraendurance sports in the past two decades warrants evaluation of the impact on the heart and vessels of a growing number of athletes participating. Blood pressure is a simple, inexpensive method to evaluate one dimension of an athlete’s cardiovascular health. No systematic review or meta-analysis to date has chronicled and delineated the effects of ultraendurance races, such as ultramarathons, marathons, half-marathons, and Ironman triathlon events, specifically on heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements in supine and standing positions before and after the event. This meta-analysis reviews the effects of ultraendurance events on positional and calculated hemodynamic values. Data were extracted from 38 studies and analyzed using a random effects model with a total of 1,645 total blood pressure measurements. Of these, 326 values were obtained from a standing position, and 1,319 blood pressures were taken supine. Pre-race and post-race measurements were evaluated for clinical significance using established standards of hypotension and orthostasis. HR and calculated BP features, such as PP and MAP, were evaluated. Across all included studies, the mean supine post-race HR increased by 21±8 beats per minute (bpm) compared to pre-race values. The mean standing post-race HR increased by 23±14 bpm when compared with pre-race HR. Overall, there was a mean SBP decrease of 19±9 mmHg and a DBP decrease of 9±5 mmHg post-race versus pre-race values. MAP variations reflected SBP and DBP changes. The mean supine and standing pre-race blood pressures across studies were systolic (126±7; 124±14) and diastolic (76±6; 75±12), suggesting that some athletes may enter races with existing hypertension. The post-race increase in the mean HR and decline in mean blood pressure across examined studies suggest that during long-term events, ultramarathon athletes perform with relatively asymptomatic hypotension.
Oil Pollution in the Straits of Malacca, Malaysia: Application of Molecular Markers for Source Identification

The Straits of Malacca is one of the world's busiest supertanker routes, and tanker-derived oil spills occur frequently. In addition, domestic oil spills have been increasing due to growing industrialization of Malaysia. The deter mination of the exact source of the spills is critically important. This paper examines the utility of biomarker compounds, triterpanes, to identify the source of the oil spills. Middle East crude oils (MECO), South East Asian crude oils (SEACO), tar-balls, sediments, and mussels were analyzed. The most distinctive compositional features for the crude oils are that 17α, 21β(H)C29 norhopane and C31−C35 homohopanes, especially C35 homohopanes, are depleted in SEACO. These remarkably different hopane compositions can be explained by the fact that MECO and SEACO are derived from carbonate (marine) and lacustrine/deltaic shale (nonmarine) source rocks, respectively. Two of the eight tar-balls samples collected on the coast of Peninsular Malaysia were identified to be derived from Mid.
Overestimation of CO2 respiration fluxes by the closed chamber method in low‐turbulence nighttime conditions

[1] Knowledge about ecosystem respiration is required for accurate estimates of daily, seasonal and annual carbon exchange between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Measurements by the closed chamber technique were often used to calculate nighttime respiration fluxes during low-turbulence nighttime conditions when the eddy covariance method is problematic. The goal of this study is to investigate if the closed chamber measurements could also be biased during low-turbulence atmospheric conditions. We applied the closed chamber technique for measurements of CO2 flux at flark, lawn and hummock microsites at a boreal peatland (n = 602). The friction velocity (u*) was used for screening data into either well developed or low-turbulence conditions (u* ≤ 0.1 m s−1). During chamber experiments in low-turbulence nighttime conditions, the CO2 concentrations within the chamber headspace were observed to increase extremely fast and nonlinearly at the start of the chamber deployment period. The possible reason is the abrupt disturbance of the natural concentration gradients in the soils, plants and the near-surface atmosphere. This artifact leads to an overestimation of CO2 fluxes and occurs at all microsite types. However, the strongest overestimation occurs at hummocks. Consequently, we recommend that nighttime chamber measurements have to be carefully checked with respect to prevailing turbulence conditions. Under low-turbulence conditions their results can be overestimated. Since the bias is difficult to correct, chambers are probably not suitable to replace eddy covariance measurements under low-turbulence nighttime conditions, since both measurements tend to be biased.
Local Dynamics Analysis of a Four-Dimensional Hyperchaotic Lorenz System

The local dynamical behaviors of a four-dimensional hyperchaotic Lorenz system, including stability and bifurcations, are investigated in this paper by analytical and numerical methods. The equilibriums and their stability under different parameter conditions are analyzed by applying Routh-Hurwitz criterion. The results indicate that the system may exist one, three and five equilibrium points for different system parameters. Based on the central manifold theorem and normal form theorem, the pitchfork bifurcation and Hopf bi-furcation are studied respectively. By using the Hopf bifurcation theorem and calculating the first Lyapunov coefficient, the Hopf bifurcation of this system is obtained as supercritical for certain parameters. Finally, the results of theoretical parts are verified by some numerical simulations.
Geodynamic models of crustal‐scale episodic tectonic accretion and underplating in subduction zones

We investigate the dynamics of crustal-scale episodic accretion at convergent margins using a finite element model of subduction. The numerical model incorporates effects from flexure, subduction loading, and large-scale variations in material properties. The model is used to assess the influence of these parameters on the discrete transfer of units from the lower to the upper plate during subduction. The primary controls investigated are spatial variations in density, material strength, and thickness of material layers. These controls correspond to natural examples where episodic accretion results from the thermal structure of subducting lithosphere, giving rise to areas of thermally activated ductile creep; attempted subduction of small crustal blocks (density, frictional and/or ductile strength variations); interaction between well-attached basement blocks and overlying, detachable sediments; and spatial changes in thickness of sediment and crust. In the experiments, accretion of small continental terranes within a model subduction zone can cause crustal-scale fold nappes and shear zones to develop, with accompanying tectonic underplating and/or frontal accretion. The model results may provide insight into real cases of episodic accretion, for example, the emplacement of the upper Penninic nappe stack of the Central Alps.
Complicated Grief: Counseling Considerations and Techniques

Abstract This article presents a case study about a fictional client’s experience of complicated grief. This article differentiates between complicated grief and normal (adaptive) grief. It also distinguishes between bereavement, grief, and mourning. The counseling process is described using developmental theory and narrative reconstruction to illustrate how to implement creative techniques.
Surface moisture and satellite microwave observations in semiarid southern Africa

Nimbus 7 scanning multichannel microwave radiometer 6.6-GHz passive microwave data were studied in relation to large-scale soil moisture estimates over a 3-year period in southeastern Botswana. An extensive data base of weekly surface soil moisture measurements was used with meteorological data to estimate pixel average soil moisture on a daily basis. The influence of the vegetation canopy on the surface emissivity was studied by partitioning the data set into classes on the basis of the normalized difference vegetation index. After correcting for the vegetation optical depth, a correlation of r = 0.84 was established between the normalized brightness temperature observations and surface soil moisture for the 3-year period.
Petrology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of sandstones of the lower Huronian Matinenda Formation: resemblance to underlying basement rocks

Bulk chemistry, mineralogy, mineral chemistry, cathodoluminescence characteristics, and textural data are used to constrain provenance and the role of postdepositional alteration processes in sandstones of the lower Huronian Matinenda Formation. Samples studied are from the Elliot Lake – Blind River and Agnew Lake areas, which experienced subgreenschist and biotite-grade greenschist metamorphism, respectively. Both areas, but particularly the lower grade area, contain some K-rich samples, with much of the K in detrital-appearing K-feldspar. In places K-feldspar is partially replaced by potassic mica. Plagioclase (mostly albite) is rare in the Elliot Lake – Blind River samples, and only common along a few horizons in the Agnew Lake section. It is suggested that the predominance of K-feldspar over plagioclase and the high K/Na ratios indicate a K-rich source area and in particular a weathered granite source. Framework mineralogy is found to be similar to material reported from sub-Matinenda weathered granit.
Eutrophication control in river-systems: an application of INCA-P to the River Lugg

The Integrated Catchments model of Phosphorus dynamics (INCA-P) was applied to the River Lugg to determine the key factors controlling delivery of phosphorus to the main channel and to quantify the relative contribution of diffuse and point sources to the in-stream phosphorus (P) load under varying hydrological conditions. The model is able to simulate the seasonal variations and inter-annual variations in the in-stream total-phosphorus concentrations. However, difficulties in simulating diffuse inputs arise due to equifinality in the model structure and parameters. The River Lugg is split into upper and lower reaches. The upper reaches are dominated by grassland and woodland, so the patterns in the stream-water total-phosphorus concentrations are typical of diffuse source inputs; application of the model leads to estimates of the relative contribution to the in-stream P load from diffuse and point sources as 9:1. In the lower reaches, which are more intensively cultivated and urbanised, the stream-water total-phosphorus concentration dynamics are influenced more by point-sources; the simulated relative diffuse/point contribution to the in-stream P load is 1:1. The model set-up and simulations are used to identify the key source-areas of P in the catchment, the P contribution of the Lugg to the River Wye during years with contrasting precipitation inputs, and the uptake and release of P from within-reach sediment. In addition, model scenarios are run to identify the impacts of likely P reductions at sewage treatment works on the in-stream soluble-reactive P concentrations and the suitability of this as a management option is assessed for reducing eutrophication.
Effects of Seven Sterilization Methods on the Functional Characteristics and Color of Yan 73 (Vitis vinifera) Grape Juice

Yan 73 (Vitis vinifera) is a dyed grape variety cultivated in China. Currently, most studies have focused on the mechanism of anthocyanins or the impact of anthocyanins as auxiliary color varieties on wine color. There is little research on its direct use or direct processing of products such as juice. In order to investigate the effects of different processing methods on the juice of Yan 73 grapes, the physicochemical and functional properties, as well as the sensory indexes of the juice, were analyzed by using thermal pasteurization (TP), thermosonication (TS), TS combined with nisin (TSN), TS combined with ε-Polylysine (TSε), irradiation (IR), and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). The physicochemical indexes, functional properties, and sensory indexes of Smoke 73 grape juice were determined and analyzed. The results of the study showed that among the seven sterilization methods, total polyphenol content (TPC) in juice was significantly increased in all treatments except HHP. TPC was the highest in TP (3773.33 mg GAE/L). Total anthocyanin content (TAC) was increased except IR5, and TSN (1202.67 mg/L) had the highest TAC. In terms of color, TP (a* = 36.57, b* = 19.70, L* = 14.81, C* = 41.55, h° = 28.30, ΔE = 5.9) promotes the dissolution of anthocyanins because of high temperatures, which basically improves all the color indicators of grape juice and makes the color of grape juice more vivid. After HHP treatment, the color (ΔE = 1.72) and aroma indicators are closer to the grape juice itself. The Entropy weight-TOPSIS, CRITIC-Topsis, and PCA integrated quality evaluation models showed that all selected TP as the best integrated quality.
Medical image processing using graph convolutional networks: A review

Deep learning, especially graph convolutional networks (GCNs), has been widely applied in various scenarios. Particularly in the field of medical image processing, the research on GCNs have continued to make breakthroughs and has been successfully applied to various tasks, such as medical image segmentation, as well as disease detection, localization, classification and diagnosis. GCNs have demonstrated the capacity to autonomously learn latent disease features from vast medical image datasets. Their potential value and enhanced capabilities in prediction, analysis, and decision-making in perioperative medical imaging have become evident. In recent years, GCNs have rapidly emerged as a research focus in the realm of medical image analysis. First, this review provides a concise overview of the development from convolutional neural networks to GCNs, delineating their algorithmic foundations and network structures. Subsequently, the diverse applications of GCNs in perioperative medical image processing are extensively reviewed, including medical image segmentation, image reconstruction, disease prediction, lesion detection and localization, disease classification and diagnosis, and surgical intervention. Finally, this review discusses the prevailing challenges and offers insights into future research directions for the utilization of GCN methods in the medical field.
Apports continentaux de Fer à l'océan : approche isotopique - Océan Pacifique Equatorial

Dans l’ocean, le cycle du fer joue un role essentiel sur notre climat. En effet, le fer est un element micronutritif indispensable a la croissance phytoplanctonique. Ainsi, des variations d'apports de fer a l’ocean peuvent perturber la production primaire, et donc les bilans globaux de carbone. En depit de son importance, le cycle oceanique du fer est toujours tres mal connu. Dans le but de mieux le comprendre, j’ai utilise pendant ma these un nouvel outil : les isotopes du fer. J'ai ainsi etudie l'ocean Pacifique Equatorial et la region de Papouasie Nouvelle Guinee. Chaque source (riviere, aerosol, sediment) est caracterisee par une composition isotopique qui peut etre conservee sur de longues distances (4000 km). Grâce a cette empreinte, on peut identifier et quantifier les sources de fer dans l’ocean ouvert. Nous avons ainsi estime que l’une des sources les plus importantes de fer dissous a l’ocean serait la liberation non reductrice du fer a partir des sediments, processus pourtant neglige par la communaute jusqu’a present. Nos travaux mettent en evidence le role majeur des echanges entre la fraction dissoute et la fraction particulaire du fer dans la colonne d’eau. Ces resultats permettent de mieux comprendre les cycles biogeochimiques dans le Pacifique Equatorial, mais apportent aussi des elements de comprehension des cycles biogeochimiques oceaniques a l'echelle globale. Ces elements devront etre pris en compte pour ameliorer les modeles oceaniques et climatiques.
Serum Magnesium Is Associated with Long-Term Survival of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients

Background: Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a single tertiary center with a primary diagnosis of NSTEMI. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease were excluded. Clinical data were collected and compared between lower sMg quartile patients (Q1; sMg < 1.9 mg/dL) and all other patients (Q2–Q4; sMg ≥ 1.9 mg/dL). Results: The study cohort included 4552 patients (70% male, median age 69 [IQR 59–79]) who were followed for a median of 4.4 (IQR 2.4–6.6) years. The median sMg level in the low sMg group was 1.7 (1.6–1.8) and 2.0 (2.0–2.2) mg/dL in the normal/high sMg group. The low sMg group was older (mean of 72 vs. 67 years), less likely to be male (64% vs. 72%), and had higher rates of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation (59% vs. 29%, 92% vs. 85%, and 6% vs. 5%; p < 0.05 for all). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher cumulative death probability at 4 years in the low sMg group (34% vs. 22%; p log rank <0.001). In a multivariable analysis model adjusted for sex, significant comorbidities, coronary interventions during the hospitalization, and renal function, the low sMg group exhibited an independent 24% increased risk of death during follow up (95% CI 1.11–1.39; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low sMg is independently associated with higher risk of long-term mortality among patients recovering from an NSTEMI event.
Factors Associated with Periodontitis in Younger Individuals: A Scoping Review

Periodontitis is a disease that affects many young adults, and if left untreated, it can have lasting and permanent effects on an individual’s oral health. The purpose of this scoping review was to review the recent literature to identify factors that place young individuals at risk of stage II or III periodontitis. Using the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, three databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed human studies published in English that investigated risk factors associated with stage II and/or III periodontitis in individuals less than 40 years of age. This review excluded abstracts, literature reviews, including narrative, scoping, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses, conference proceedings, letters to the editor, and editorials. The authors then extracted data from the relevant studies using a predefined form to summarize the aims, design, results, risk factors examined, and the type and severity of periodontitis. Among a total of 2676 articles screened, only three articles met the review’s inclusion criteria. Of these articles, one was a longitudinal case-control study and two were cross-sectional studies. Identified risk factors associated with stage II or III periodontitis included self-reported bleeding when brushing, low bone mineral density, being overweight, and smoking in young adults. Of note, only three studies met the inclusion criteria, suggesting a gap in the research literature.
Calf disbudding – animal welfare considerations

ABSTRACT Disbudding, removal of the horn buds, is performed for economic and practical reasons: to prevent bullying and injury to other animals (with implications for productivity and carcass damage, respectively) and human safety during handling. Mitigation of pain associated with the disbudding of calves is necessary to limit the pain-stress response that induces altered behavioural and physiologic states. The most common recommendation in Animal Welfare Guidelines is to disbud calves before they attain 2 months of age. From birth to 2 months of age the horn bud is not attached to the skull, which makes the removal of the horn bud and adjacent cells easier. The objectives of this review are to describe (1) the different methods of disbudding, (2) the pain responses associated with each of those methods and (3) how age and pain mitigation strategies affect those responses.
Imaging the Juan de Fuca Plate beneath southern Oregon using teleseismic P wave residuals

The Juan de Fuca plate subducts under the western margin of the North American plate in southern British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and northern California. Benioff zone seismicity delineates shallow parts of the plate in Washington and northern California, whereas in Oregon there is a lack of seismicity. This study images the Juan de Fuca plate in southern Oregon using seismic tomography. We inverted P wave travel time residuals from a 366-km-long seismic array operated in southern Oregon in 1982. The southeast striking array extended from the Coast ranges to the Modoc Plateau and crossed the High Cascades at Crater Lake, Oregon. We imaged three features under the array: one high-velocity zone and two low-velocity zones. The high-velocity zone is 3–4% faster than the surrounding upper mantle. It dips steeply at 65° to the east beneath the Cascade Range and extends down to at least 200 km. We propose that this high-velocity feature is subducted Juan de Fuca plate. We also imaged two low-velocity zones, both of which are 3–4% slower than the surrounding earth structure. The southeastern low-velocity zone may be caused by partially molten crust underlying the Crater Lake volcano region.
Seismic anisotropy of the Archean crust in the Minnesota River Valley, Superior Province

The Minnesota River Valley (MRV) subprovince is a well‐exposed example of late Archean lithosphere. Its high‐grade gneisses display a subhorizontal layering, most likely extending down to the crust‐mantle boundary. The strong linear fabric of the gneisses results from high‐temperature plastic flow during collage‐related contraction. Seismic anisotropies measured up to 1 GPa in the laboratory, and seismic anisotropies calculated through forward‐modeling indicate ΔVP ~5–6% and ΔVS ~3%. The MRV crust exhibits a strong macroscopic layering and foliation, and relatively strong seismic anisotropies at the hand specimen scale. Yet the horizontal attitude of these structures precludes any substantial contribution of the MRV crust to shear wave splitting for vertically propagating shear waves such as SKS. The origin of the regionally low seismic anisotropy must lie in the upper mantle. A horizontally layered mantle underneath the United States interior could provide an explanation for the observed low SWS.