Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monolithically integrated Si gate-controlled light-emitting device: science and properties

The motivation of this study is to develop a p–n junction based light emitting device, in which the light emission is conventionally realized using reverse current driving, by voltage driving. By introducing an additional terminal of insulated gate for voltage driving, a novel three-terminal Si light emitting device is described where both the light intensity and spatial light pattern of the device are controlled by the gate voltage. The proposed light emitting device employs injection-enhanced Si in avalanche mode where electric field confinement occurs in the corner of a reverse-biased p+n junction. It is found that, depending on the bias conditions, the light intensity is either a linear or a quadratic function of the applied gate voltage or the reverse-bias. Since the light emission is based on the avalanching mode, the Si light emitting device offers the potential for very large scale integration-compatible light emitters for inter- or intra-chip signal transmission and contactless functional testing of wafers.
Towards Integration of Graphene in Advanced CMOS Interconnect Technology

Mehta, Ruchit Ph.D., Purdue University, August 2016. Towards Integration of Graphene in Advanced CMOS Interconnect Technology. Major Professor: Zhihong Chen. The integration of graphene into existing state-of-the-art semiconductor manufacturing is a topic of worldwide interest. With its unprecedented electrical, thermal and mechanical properties, graphene is ideally suited for back-end of line (BEOL) technology to boost the performance of on-chip copper (Cu) interconnects. However, the lack of BEOL compatible methods has stymied the true evaluation of Cu/graphene hybrid (Cu-G) technology. The objectives of this thesis proposal are to demonstrate BEOLcompatible graphene growth techniques, and explore various avenues for practical integration of graphene in order to achieve better electrical, thermal and reliability metrics than traditional interconnect technology. Specifically, we focus on developing robust low-temperature graphene growth techniques with high yield to meet the stringent thermal budgets of BEOL processing. We demonstrate high yield graphene growth on Cu thin films, Cu nanowires and dielectrics at 550 ◦C by optimizing a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process. This permitted the first experimental evaluation of the enhanced electrical and thermal properties of CuG hybrid nanowires. Encapsulation of Cu nanowires with graphene increases the Cu electrical conductivity by 15% and thermal conductivity by 25% compared to uncoated nanowires. Deposition of graphene on Cu nanowires reduces the surface Cu oxide and allows corrosion stability over long periods. Interestingly, graphene being a low density-of-states material introduces partially specular scattering of electrons at the surfaces of Cu-G nanowires. As dimensions scale down further, the benefits of
High-performance MOS-capacitor-type Si optical modulator and surface-illumination-type Ge photodetector for optical interconnection

We developed a high-speed and high efficiency MOS-capacitor-type Si optical modulator (Si-MOD). We designed the optimum structure and demonstrated a very high modulation efficiency (VπL) of 0.28–0.30 V cm at 1.3 µm wavelength. We also demonstrated a high speed of 25 Gbps for the Si-MOD integrated with a Si-waveguide-coupled Ge photodetector (Ge-PD), and also high-speed operation of 15 Gbps with a CMOS driver. We further demonstrated a high modulation efficiency of 0.16 V cm with a low optical loss (α) of 3.5 dB/mm, using a carrier accumulation mode. In this case, the figure of merit (FOM) of αVπL is less than 7 dBV. We demonstrated a high-speed operation of 25 Gbps for the Si-MOD with a short phase shifter of 60 µm length. We also demonstrated a surface-illumination-type pin Ge-PD, which shows both a high bandwidth of 24 GHz and a high-efficiency of 0.8–0.9 A/W in the case of 30 µm Ge diameter.
Soil seed bank responses to edge effects in temperate European forests

Abstract Aim The amount of forest edges is increasing globally due to forest fragmentation and land‐use changes. However, edge effects on the soil seed bank of temperate forests are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed edge effects at contrasting spatial scales across Europe and quantified the extent to which edges can preserve the seeds of forest specialist plants. Location Temperate European deciduous forests along a 2,300‐km latitudinal gradient. Time period 2018–2021. Major taxa studied Vascular plants. Methods Through a greenhouse germination experiment, we studied how edge effects alter the density, diversity, composition and functionality of forest soil seed banks in 90 plots along different latitudes, elevations and forest management types. We also assessed which environmental conditions drive the seed bank responses at the forest edge versus interior and looked at the relationship between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness. Results Overall, 10,108 seedlings of 250 species emerged from the soil seed bank. Seed density and species richness of generalists (species not only associated with forests) were higher at edges compared to interiors, with a negative influence of C : N ratio and litter quality. Conversely, forest specialist species richness did not decline from the interior to the edge. Also, edges were compositionally, but not functionally, different from interiors. The correlation between the seed bank and the herb layer species richness was positive and affected by microclimate. Main conclusions Our results underpin how edge effects shape species diversity and composition of soil seed banks in ancient forests, especially increasing the proportion of generalist species and thus potentially favouring a shift in community composition. However, the presence of many forest specialists suggests that soil seed banks still play a key role in understorey species persistence and could support the resilience of our fragmented forests.
Validation of a Model Predicting That Physical Activities Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Japanese Adults with Pain, Dysesthesia, and Kinesiophobia after Lumbar Surgery: Structural Equation Modeling

Objectives This study assessed the validity of a hypothesized model predicting that physical activity improves health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older Japanese adults with pain, dysesthesia, and kinesiophobia following lumbar surgery. Methods We included 431 elderly patients who underwent surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis at two hospitals. The frequency of physical activity, pain, dysesthesia, kinesiophobia (somatic focus and activity avoidance), and HRQOL were investigated using a questionnaire. Missing values were complemented by the stochastic regression imputation. We constructed the following model. (i) physical activity affects pain, dysesthesia, and kinesiophobia. (ii) pain, dysesthesia, and kinesiophobia separately affect HRQOL. This hypothetical model was tested by structural equation modeling. The model was improved based on a modified index. Results Of the 431 respondents, 297 (median age 72 years, range 65–91 years; 158 men and 139 women) were analyzed (68.9%). The fit of the model improved based on the modification index and was acceptable comparative fit index, 0.948; Tucker–Lewis index, 0.919; root mean square error of approximation, 0.048 (90% confidence interval, 0.026–0.069), and standardized root mean square residual (0.046). The paths by which physical activities reduced pain or dysesthesia (standardized pass coefficients, −0.406) and somatic focus (−0.301) and consequently improved HRQOL were significant (pain/dysesthesia, −0.684; somatic focus, −0.218). Discussion. Our hypothesized model predicting that physical activity improves HRQOL in terms of pain, dysesthesia, and kinesiophobia in older Japanese adults after lumbar surgery was validated using cross-sectional data. Interventional studies on physical activity based on this model are required to establish the model.
Combined effects of temperature and fishing mortality on the Barents Sea ecosystem stability

Temporal variability in abundance and composition of species in marine ecosystems results from a combination of internal processes, external drivers, and stochasticity. One way to explore the temporal variability in an ecosystem is through temporal stability, measured using the inverse of the coefficient of variation for biomass of single species. The effect of temperature and fisheries on the variability of the Barents Sea food web is still poorly understood. To address this question, we simulate the possible dynamics of Barents Sea food web under different temperature and fishery scenarios using a simple food-web model (Non-Deterministic Network Dynamic [NDND]). The NDND model, which is based on chance and necessity (CaN), defines the state space of the ecosystem using its structural constraints (necessity) and explores it stochastically (chance). The effects of temperature and fisheries on stability are explored both separately and combined. The simulation results suggest that increasing temperature has a negative effect on species biomass and increasing fisheries triggers compensatory dynamics of fish species. There is a major intra-scenario variability in temporal stability, while individual scenarios of temperature and fisheries display a weak negative impact and no effect on stability, respectively. However, combined scenarios indicate that fisheries amplify the effects of temperature on stability, while increasing temperature leads to a shift from synergistic to antagonistic effects between these two drivers
Learning Mixture of Neural Temporal Point Processes for Multi-dimensional Event Sequence Clustering

Multi-dimensional event sequence clustering applies to many scenarios e.g. e-Commerce and electronic health. Traditional clustering models fail to characterize complex real-world processes due to the strong parametric assumption. While Neural Temporal Point Processes (NTPPs) mainly focus on modeling similar sequences instead of clustering. To fill the gap, we propose Mixture of Neural Temporal Point Processes (NTPP-MIX), a general framework that can utilize many existing NTPPs for multi-dimensional event sequence clustering. In NTPP-MIX, the prior distribution of coefficients for cluster assignment is modeled by a Dirichlet distribution. When the assignment is given, the conditional probability of a sequence is modeled by the mixture of a series of NTPPs. We combine variational EM algorithm and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to efficiently train the framework. In E-step, we fix parameters for NTPPs and approximate the true posterior with variational distributions. In M-step, we fix variational distributions and use SGD to update parameters of NTPPs. Extensive experimental results on four synthetic datasets and three real-world datasets show the effectiveness of NTPP-MIX against state-of-the-arts.
Sucção não nutritiva em bebês prematuros: estudo bibliográfico

Estudo bibliografico sobre succao nao-nutritiva em bebes prematuros. Objetivos: caracterizar e analisar a producao cientifica sobre succao nao-nutritiva em bebes prematuros e identificar como se processa a transicao da alimentacao gastrica para a oral, considerando a estimulacao da succao nao-nutritiva, seu inicio e evolucao. Metodologia: revisao de fonte secundaria (MEDLINE e LILACS). Resultado: condicao clinica estavel dos bebes pre-termo, sem alteracoes cardiorespiratorias, neurologicas e gastrointestinais. A idade gestacional variou de 30 a 35 semanas, e o peso, de 1400 a 1800g. O estimulo utilizado para succao nao-nutritiva foi chupeta ou bico de mamadeira, havendo variacao quanto ao tempo e frequencia de aplicacao do estimulo. Como impacto dos programas de estimulacao, houve alta hospitalar precoce e maior ganho de peso. Os autores ressaltam a escassa literatura sobre o assunto, principalmente a nacional, registrando que os artigos encontrados nao descrevem, detalhadamente, a transicao da alimentacao gastrica para oral, deixando uma lacuna que exige estudos posteriores.
Indian Phenotype Characteristics Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insights from a Non-interventional Nationwide Registry in India

Background: Indian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) constitute one-sixth of affected adults globally. Here, we evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI) with body fat percentage (BF%) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels among patients with T2D in India. Method: This was a cross-sectional Indian registry study across 845 geographically diverse zones between December 2017 and August 2019. Results: Of 37,927 patients, 55.6% were men, with a mean ± standard deviation age of 54.2 ± 11.5 years and HbA1c of 8.3 ± 1.71%. Mean ± standard deviation BMI and BF% were 27.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2 and 32.0 ± 8.0%, respectively. Overall, 15.4% of patients were overweight, and 25.0% were obese. Despite fewer males (20.7%) having BMI-based obesity than females (31.2%), around three-quarters of both sexes had BF%-defined obesity (males 77.2%; females 71.2%). One-third of males (34.6%) and 41.9% of females had BF%-defined obesity despite normal BMI. The association was substantiated by a moderately significant correlation (r=0.51) between BMI and BF% in the overall population (p<0.0001). Conclusion: This pan-India registry presents a real-world reflection of the Asian Indian phenotype: high BF% despite lower BMI in people with T2D. This highlights the importance of primordial and primary prevention, and may guide decisions on the choice of agents for glycaemic control, with a preference for drugs that promote weight loss or are weight neutral.
Musical training reduces the Colavita visual effect

Although it has been documented that musical training enhances multisensory integration, there is not yet a consensus as to how musical training influences the visual dominance effect in sensory dominance. The present study adopted the Colavita visual dominance paradigm, presenting auditory stimuli concurrent with visual stimuli, to investigate the visual dominance effect between music majors and nonmusic majors and compared the reaction time and response proportion of the two kinds of participants in the bimodal trials. The results showed that the proportion of simultaneous responses in bimodal trials of music majors is higher than that of nonmusic majors; the nonmusic majors show a greater difference between the proportion of “Visual-Auditory” trials and “Auditory-Visual” trials compared with the music majors; the ΔRT of the two responses of the nonsimultaneous bimodal trials of nonmusic majors is longer than that of music majors. The results indicated that musically trained individuals have an enhanced ability to bind visual and auditory information and show a lesser Colavita effect, that is, a reduced visual dominance effect, than their nonmusic major peers. We conclude that musical training extends beyond the field of vision or auditory domain, improves audiovisual integration, and reduces the visual dominance effect.
Adaptive Fault Detection and Isolation for DC Motor Input and Sensors

: The paper is devoted to the development of an adaptive approach to the fault detection and isolation of input and sensor failures of armature-controlled direct current motors. The proposed detection method is based on the full state Luenberger observer. Isolation scheme uses the directional residual set and relationships between fault directions and residual vector. Adaptability is provided by dynamic regressor extension and mixing approach for online estimation of parameters. Proposed scheme allows to isolate following faults: unaccounted load acting on the rotor, input voltage disturbance, failures of velocity and current sensors. Simulation results confirm performance of the proposed approach.
A compact, wideband branch-line balun with small magnitude and phase imbalances

ABSTRACT This paper presents the techniques to broaden the magnitude and phase bandwidth of a branch-line balun. Explicit equations based on S parameters are derived and presented by converting the 3-port network to a 2-port network, while compactness was achieved by meandering the branches. A demonstrator balun was developed and examined from numerical evaluations and experiments. Measurements agree well with the theoretical calculations and numerical predictions. Moreover, a figure of merit (FOM) has been proposed, for the first time, to comprehensively characterize the circuit performance of a microwave balun; and a very high FOM was found for the developed demonstrator balun.
Metastatic Ceruminous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lumbar Spine Causing Neurological Compromise: A Case Report

Background Ceruminous glands are modified apocrine glands of the external auditory canal (EAC). Malignant tumours within the ceruminous glands are extremely rare, and the most common histological type is adenoid cystic carcinoma (ADCC), which has high recurrence and metastasis risks. Although a few cases of metastatic ADCC from other head and neck glands have been reported, metastatic ADCC originating from the ceruminous gland are extremely rare. Case presentation We present an unusual case of spinal metastases of ADCC from ceruminous glands. A 61-year-old woman complaining of low back pain and both lower limbs pain was referred to our department. The primary ceruminous tumour was resected 26 years ago and recurred 6 years later, which was treated by radiotherapy. Three years ago, she presented with low back pain and was diagnosed as multiple lungs and bone metastases. The patient underwent tumour excision, decompression and fusion. The biopsy revealed metastatic ADCC. The symptoms were alleviated after surgery. Conclusions ADCC of EAC is a pernicious malignant tumour that is characterized by slow-growing patterns and a high predisposition to recurrence and metastasis. Differential diagnoses of ADCC and benign tumours in the EAC are challenging, particularly at early stages. We report a rare case of ceruminous ADCC with a prolonged clinical history as well as spinal metastasis and highlight the significance of regular follow-ups for patients undergoing tumour excision in the EAC.
Visual RSSI Fingerprinting for Radio-based Indoor Localization

: The problem of localizing objects exploiting RSSI signals has been tackled using both geometric and machine learning based methods. Solutions machine learning based have the advantage to better cope with noise, but require many radio signal observations associated to the correct position in the target space. This data collection and labeling process is not trivial and it typically requires building a grid of dense observations, which can be resource-intensive. To overcome this issue, we propose a pipeline which uses an autonomous robot to collect RSSI-image pairs and Structure from Motion to associate 2D positions to the RSSI values based on the inferred position of each image. This method, as we shown in the paper, allows to acquire large quantities of data in an inexpensive way. Using the collected data, we experiment with machine learning models based on RNNs and propose an optimized model composed of a set of LSTMs that specialize on the RSSI observations coming from different antennas. The proposed method shows promising results outperforming different baselines, suggesting that the proposed pipeline allowing to collect and automatically label observations is useful in real scenarios. Furthermore, to aid research in this area, we publicly release the collected dataset comprising 57158 RSSI observations paired with RGB images.
GAP ANALYSIS UNTUK MENGETAHUI KINERJA IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR KAMPUS MERDEKA

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the performance of the MBKM Economiic Faculty Nusa Bangsa University’s program implementation. The analytical method used are gap analysis and paired sample t-test by comparing student perceptions of student performance and student expectations of the importance of MBKM implementation and Economiic Faculty services in the MBKM program. The sampling method is saturated sampling, and the number of respondents is 142 students. By using gap analysis, the results showed that there was a gap between the perceived performance of students and expectations of the level of importance in both the implementation of the MBKM program and the quality of Economiic Faculty services in the implementation of MBKM. By using a different paired sample t-test, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the perceived performance of students and the level of importance of the MBKM program both in the implementation and quality of FEB services in the implementation of MBKM. The management of Economiic Faculty UNB needs to carry out a planned and structured evaluation of the implementation of the MBKM program so that the objectives of the program that are already good, can be implemented properly, and need to involve students in determining the MBKM program that is held so that there is harmony between the wishes of the manager and the needs of students regarding the benefits that will be obtained from student participation in the MBKM program. Keywords: Importance, Performnace, Service Quality, MBKM
Sitar: A Cycle-based Discrete-Event Simulation Framework for Architecture Exploration

: Sitar is an open-source framework for modeling discrete-event, discrete-time systems. It consists of a modeling language and a lightweight simulation kernel. Sitar is specifically targeted for architecture-level modeling and fast simulation of computer systems, though it can be used for other kinds of discrete-time systems as-well. The modeling language allows the description of a system’s structure as an interconnection of hierarchical, concurrent entities. The behavior of each entity can be described in an imperative manner using constructs such as time-delays, conditional wait statements, fork-join concurrency and loops. C++ code can be embedded directly into the description in a well-defined manner, allowing the modeler to use the flexibility and object-oriented features of C++. A model written in this language gets translated to C++ code, which can in-turn be compiled with the simulation kernel to obtain a single simulation executable, or can be linked with external libraries for co-simulation. The simulation kernel uses a two-phase, cycle-based execution algorithm, and has been parallelized using OpenMP for fast and scalable simulation on modern multi-core systems. The framework provides several features to ease the modeling effort, such as in-built logging, syntax highlighting and systematic error reporting for the Sitar language. In this paper, we describe the design and architecture of Sitar, and briefly discuss our experience with its use for multi-core design exploration studies.