Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Games and Economic Behavior

This paper proposes a bounded rationality approach to model equilibrium play in games. It is based on the observation that decision makers often do not seem to fully distinguish between different but seemingly similar decisions and tend to treat such similar decisions in a standardised/habitual way. To capture this, each player’s information partition is derived from a similarity grouping of decisions based on the local structure of the game – equality of available actions and analogy of locally foreseen subtrees – and possibly reﬁned by additional information about crucial aspects of past play. The equilibrium concept considered is a (trembling-hand) perfect Nash equilibrium (Selten, 1975), in which players are required to choose the same (routine) behaviour for similar decisions. Based on the approach, it is shown how the Chain Store Paradox (Selten, 1978) can be resolved, and how mixed equilibria in the Centipede Game (Rosenthal, 1981) can be rationalised. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Critical Pathways in

Objective : the purpose of the project was to study the impact that immediate physician electrocardiogram (ecg) interpretation would have on door-to-balloon times in St-elevation myocardial infarction (SteMi) as compared with computer-interpreted ecgs. Methods : this was a retrospective cohort study of 340 consecutive patients from September 2003 to December 2009 with SteMi who underwent emergent cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the computer-interpreted ecg interpretation: those with acute myocardial infarction identified by the computer interpretation and those not identified as acute myocardial infarction. Patients (n = 173) from September 2003 to June 2006 had their initial ecg reviewed by the triage nurse, while patients from July 2006 to December 2009 (n = 167) had their ecg reviewed by the emergency department physician within 10 minutes. times for catheterization laboratory activation and percutaneous coronary intervention were recorded in all patients. Results : Of the 340 patients with confirmed SteMi, 102 (30%) patients were not identified by computer interpretation. comparing the prior protocol of computer ecg to physician interpretation, the latter resulted in significant improvements in median catheterization laboratory activation time {19 minutes [interquartile range (iQr): 10–37] vs. 16 minutes [iQr: 8-29]; P < 0.029} and in median door-to-balloon time [113 minutes (iQr: 86–143) vs. 85 minutes (iQr: 62–106); P < 0.001]. Conclusion : the computer-interpreted ecg failed to identify a significant number of patients with SteMi. the immediate review of ecgs by an emergency physician led to faster activation of the catheterization laboratory, and door-to-balloon times in patients with SteMi.
Limited-area modelling of stratocumulus over South-Eastern Pacific

Abstract This paper discusses the application of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)model to limited-area modeling of atmospheric processes over the subtropical south-eastern Paciﬁc, with the emphasis on the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. The 5 simulations cover a period of 42h selected from the VAMOS (Variability of the Amer-ican Monsoon Systems) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment(VOCALS-REx) ﬁeld project conducted in the subtropical south-eastern Paciﬁc in Oc-tober and November 2008. Modeling results are compared with aircraft observationswith the main conclusion that the simulated stratocumulus-topped boundary layer is 10 signiﬁcantly too shallow. This appears to be a combination of an already too shallowboundary layer in the dataset used to provide initial and lateral boundary conditions,and deﬁciencies of the boundary-layer scheme in the WRF model. We suggest thatthe latter comes from the scheme confusing the cloud base change of the vertical tem-perature and moisture gradients with the change at the boundary-layer inversion. The
Metal Complexation in Xylem Fluid'

The capacity of ligands in xylem fluid to form metal complexes was tested with a series of in vito experiments using paper electrophoresis and radiographs. The xylem fluid was collected hourly for 8 hours from soybean (Glyine max L. Merr.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants grown in normal and Zn-phytotoxic nutrient solutions. Metal complexaton was assayed by anodic or reduced cathodic movement of radionuclides (63Ni, 6"Zn, 109Cd, 4Mn) that were presumed to have formed negatively charged complexes. Electrophoretic migration of Ni, Zn, Cd, and Mn added to xylem exudate and spotted on KCI- or KNO3-wetted paper showed that stabe Ni, Zn, and Cd metal complexes were formed by exudate Ugands. No anodic Mn complexes were observed in this test system. Solution pH, plant species, exudate colection time, and Zn phytotoxicity all affected the amount of metal complex formed in exudate. As the pH increased, there was increased anodic metal movement. Soybean exudate generally bound more of each metal than did tomato exudate. Metal binding usually decreased with increasing exudate collection time, and less metal was bound by the high-Zn exudate. stable metal complex formation. Complexes for each metal were demonstratable with this method. Cathodic metal movement increased with time of exudate collection, and it was greater in the high-Zn exudate than in the normal-Zn exudate. A model study illustrated the effect of ligand concentration on metal complex stability in the electrophoretic field. Higher ligand (citric acid) concentrations increased the stability for all metals tested.
Ancient village fire escape path planning based on improved ant colony algorithm

The roadways are narrow and perplexing in ancient villages, it brings challenges and difficulties for people to choose route to escape when a fire occurs. In this paper, a fire escape path planning method based on ant colony algorithm is presented according to the problem. The factors in the fire environment which influence the escape speed is introduced to improve the heuristic function of the algorithm, optimal transfer strategy, and adjustment pheromone volatile factor to improve pheromone update strategy adaptively, improve its dynamic search ability and search speed. Through simulation, the dynamic adjustment of the optimal escape path is obtained, and the method is proved to be feasible.
#238: Separating Surface Order and Syntactic Relations in a Dependency Grammar Topic Areas: L2. Syntax and Parsing under Consideration for Other Conferences (specify)? None #238: Separating Surface Order and Syntactic Relations in a Dependency Grammar

This paper proposes decoupling the dependency tree from word order, such that surface ordering is not determined by traversing the dependency tree. We develop the notion of a word order domain structure, which is linked but structurally dissimilar to the syntactic dependency tree. The proposal results in a lexicalized, declarative, and formally precise description of word order; features which lack previous proposals for dependency grammars. Contrary to other lexicalized approaches to word order, our proposal does not require lexical ambiguities for ordering alternatives. Abstract This paper proposes decoupling the dependency tree from word order, such that surface ordering is not determined by traversing the dependency tree. We develop the notion of a word order domain structure, which is linked but structurally dissimilar to the syntactic dependency tree. The proposal results in a lexicalized, declarative, and formally precise description of word order; features which lack previous proposals for dependency grammars. Contrary to other lexicalized approaches to word order, our proposal does not require lexical ambiguities for ordering alternatives.
AN INTEGRATED OPTIMIZATION APPROACH FOR LAMINATED COMPOSITE PANELS USING FEA AND EXCEL-VBA

Composite materials are widely used for various aircraft structures. The finite element analysis (FEA) software MSC.Nastran has strong composite structural analysis capability and SOL200 offers rich optimization capabilities. However, the industry practice of weight optimization of laminated panels requires customization of the optimization process using in-house tools and FE solver like Nastran. This paper presents one such integrated optimization approach for laminated composite panel and its implementation using MSC Nastran and Excel-VBA based tool. By using this approach, weight optimization of a typical laminated composite panel is demonstrated. FE models of a laminated composite panel are created and analysed for static loads. The optimization tool uses set of pre-defined stacking sequences for a given laminate thickness. These pre-defined stacking sequences contain various lay-ups along with mass per unit area data. The tool searches for set of pre-defined stacking sequences from lay-up database. It optimizes the number of plies in panel to generate the modified MSC.Nastran BDF file. The tool then invokes MSC.Nastran for computation of elemental strains. If strains are well below within the limit, then it replaces identified element PCOMP with lower mass per unit area PCOMP from database. This process is repeated untill the elemental strains are within the strain allowables. Finally, the weight saving and the optimized ply lay-up is reported. The paper also presents few examples of optimization problems solved using the proposed approach.
Aalborg Universitet The Use of Sound to Represent Data and Concepts as a Means to Engender Creative

This paper poses the question: How can sound be used to function analogously to the function of the images in a graph in order to create the conditions for creative thought and insight to occur and thus to facilitate the synthesis of new knowledge? It uses this to develop further questions and a research agenda. In particular, it is concerned with the use of sonification of the nonaudio data and concepts represented in a diagram or graph and the techniques that might be used to foster a creative research environment using sound. The ultimate goal of the research agenda is to go beyond sonification and to use sound pro-actively in a Virtual Research Environment in order to create the conditions for creative thinking and insight to occur with the hope that this may then lead to the synthesis of new knowledge.
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE ADAPTIVE FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION OF LARGE INVERSE PROBLEMS

Since problems involving the estimation of distributed coefficients in partial differential equations are numerically very challenging, efficient methods are indispensable. In this paper, we will introduce a framework for the efficient solution of such problems. This comprises the use of adaptive finite element schemes, solvers for the large linear systems arising from discretization, and methods to treat additional information in the form of inequality constraints on the parameter to be recovered. The methods to be developed will be based on an all-at-once approach, in which the inverse problem is solved through a Lagrangian formulation. The main feature of the paper is the use of a continuous (function space) setting to formulate algorithms, in order to allow for discretizations that are adaptively refined as nonlinear iterations proceed. This entails that steps such as the description of a Newton step or a line search are first formulated on continuous functions and only then evaluated for discrete functions. On the other hand, this approach avoids the dependence of finite dimensional norms on the mesh size, making individual steps of the algorithm comparable even if they used differently refined meshes. Numerical examples will demonstrate the applicability and efficiency of the method for problems with several million unknowns and more than 10,000 parameters.
A Study On Fitness Distance Correlation and Problem Difficulty for Genetic Programming

This work is a first step in the attempt to verify whether (and in which cases) fitness distance correlation can be a good tool for classifying problems on the basis of their difficulty for genetic programming. By analogy with the studies that have already been done on genetic algorithms, we define some notions of distance between genotypes. Then we choose one of these distances to calculate the fitness distance correlation coefficient and we use it to study the difficulty of some problems. First, we do this for a syntactically limited language. Then we extend the study to standard genetic programming. For the functions used here i.e., traps and royal trees, the results confirm that fitness distance correlation is a good predictor of genetic programming difficulty.
Digital Social Networks : Examining the Knowledge Characteristics

In today’s information age, numbers of organizations are still arguing on capitalizing the values of Information Technology (IT) and Knowledge Management (KM) to which individuals can benefit from and effective communication among the individuals can be established. IT exists in enabling positive improvement for communication among knowledge workers (k-workers) with a number of social network technology domains at workplace. The acceptance of digital discourse in sharing of knowledge and facilitating the knowledge and information flows at most of the organizations indeed impose the culture of knowledge sharing in Digital Social Networks (DSN). Therefore, this study examines whether the k-workers with IT background would confer an effect on the three knowledge characteristics -conceptual, contextual, and operational. Derived from these three knowledge characteristics, five potential factors will be examined on the effects of knowledge exchange via e-mail domain as the chosen query. It is expected, that the results could provide such a parameter in exploring how DSN contributes in supporting the k-workers’ virtues, performance and qualities as well as revealing the mutual point between IT and KM. Keywords—Digital social networks, e-mail, knowledge management, knowledge worker.
Differentiable simulation for system identification and visuomotor control

Citation for published version (APA): Jatavallabhula, K. M. , Macklin, M. , Golemo, F. , Volet, V. , Petrini, L. , Weis, M. , Considine, B. , Parent-Lévesque, J., Xie, K. , Erleben, K. , Pauli, L. , Shkurti, F. , Nowrouzezahrai, D. , & Fidler, S. (2021). gradSim: Differentiable simulation for system identification and visuomotor control. Paper presented at 9th International Conference on Learning Representations ICLR 2021, Virtual, . https://openreview.net/forum? id=c_E8kFWfhp0
Dimensional Inconsistency Measures and Postulates in Spatio-Temporal Databases (Extended Abstract)

We define and investigate new inconsistency measures that are particularly suitable for dealing with inconsistent spatio-temporal information, as they explicitly take into account the spatial and temporal dimensions, as well as the dimension concerning the identifiers of the monitored objects. Specifically, we first define natural measures that look at individual dimensions (time, space, and objects), and then propose measures based on the notion of a repair. We then analyze their behavior w.r. t. common postulates defined for classical propositional knowledge bases, and find that the latter are not suitable for spatio-temporal databases, in that the proposed inconsistency measures do not often satisfy them. In light of this, we argue that also postulates should explicitly take into account the spatial, temporal, and object dimensions, and thus define ``dimension-aware'' counterparts of common postulates, which are indeed often satisfied by the new inconsistency measures. Finally, we study the complexity of the proposed inconsistency measures.
Multi-ancestry tandem repeat association study of hair colour using exome-wide sequencing

Hair colour variation is influenced by hundreds of positions across the human genome but this genetic contribution has only been narrowly explored. Genome-wide association studies identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) influencing hair colour but the biology underlying these associations is challenging to interpret. We report 16 tandem repeats (TRs) with effects on different models of hair colour plus two TRs associated with hair colour in diverse ancestry groups. Several of these TRs expand or contract amino acid coding regions of their localized protein such that structure, and by extension function, may be altered. We also demonstrate that independent of SNP variation, these TRs can be used to great an additive polygenic score that predicts darker hair colour. This work adds to the growing body of evidence regarding TR influence on human traits with relatively large and independent effects relative to surrounding SNP variation.
Dynamic reinforcement learning reveals time-dependent shifts in strategy during reward learning

Different brain systems have been hypothesized to subserve multiple “experts” that compete to generate behavior. In reinforcement learning, two general processes, one model-free (MF) and one model-based (MB), are often modeled as a mixture of agents (MoA) and hypothesized to capture differences between automaticity vs. deliberation. However, shifts in strategy cannot be captured by a static MoA. To investigate such dynamics, we present the mixture-of-agents hidden Markov model (MoA-HMM), which simultaneously learns inferred action values from a set of agents and the temporal dynamics of underlying “hidden” states that capture shifts in agent contributions over time. Applying this model to a multi-step,reward-guided task in rats reveals a progression of within-session strategies: a shift from initial MB exploration to MB exploitation, and finally to reduced engagement. The inferred states predict changes in both response time and OFC neural encoding during the task, suggesting that these states are capturing real shifts in dynamics.
Corticosterone release in very young siblicidal seabird chicks (Rissa tridactyla) is sensitive to environmental variability and responds rapidly and robustly to external challenges

In birds, patterns of development of the adrenocortical response to stressors vary among individuals, types of stressors, and species. Since there are benefits and costs of exposure to elevated glucocorticoids, this variation is presumably a product of selection such that animals modulate glucocorticoid secretion in contexts where doing so increases their fitness. In this study, we evaluated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity in first-hatched free-living seabird nestlings that engage in intense sibling competition and facultative siblicide (black-legged kittiwakes, Rissa tridactlya). We sampled 5 day old chicks (of the ∼45 day nestling period), a critical early age when food availability drives establishment of important parent-offspring and intra-brood dynamics. We experimentally supplemented parents with food (“supplemented”) and measured chick baseline corticosterone secretion and capacity to rapidly increase corticosterone in response to an acute challenge (handling and a 15 min restraint in a bag). We also used topical administration of corticosterone to evaluate the ability of chicks to downregulate physiologically relevant corticosterone levels on a short (minutes) time scale. We found that 5 day old chicks are not hypo-responsive but release corticosterone in proportion to the magnitude of the challenge, showing differences in baseline between parental feeding treatments (supplemented vs non-supplemented), moderate increases in response to handling, and a larger response to restraint (comparable to adults) that also differed between chicks from supplemented and control nests. Topical application of exogenous corticosterone increased circulating levels nearly to restraint-induced levels and induced downregulation of HPA responsiveness to the acute challenge of handling. Parental supplemental feeding did not affect absorbance/clearance or negative feedback. Thus, while endogenous secretion of corticosterone in young chicks is sensitive to environmental context, other aspects of the HPA function, such as rapid negative feedback and/or the ability to clear acute elevations in corticosterone, are not. We conclude that 5 day old kittiwake chicks are capable of robust adrenocortical responses to novel challenges, and are sensitive to parental food availability, which may be transduced behaviorally, nutritionally, or via maternal effects. Questions remain about the function of such rapid, large acute stress-induced increases in corticosterone in very young chicks.
Minimally invasive serial collection of cerebrospinal fluid reveals sex-dependent differences in neuroinflammation in a rat model of mild traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the seventh leading cause of disability globally with 48.99 million prevalent cases and 7.08 million years lived with diability. Approximately 80% of TBI patients are diagnosed with mild TBI (mTBI), or concussion, caused by nonpenetrating mechanical trauma to the head or body along with sudden rotational motion of the head. Major distinctions between mTBI and more severe TBI include the absence of intracranial lesions, hemorrhages, and skull fractures in mTBI. Further, there are differences in the inflammatory response based on injury severity. While some overlap of the neuroinflammatory response across TBI severities is expected, studies investigating the temporal dynamics of neuroinflammation after mTBI and the sex-dependent differences are still needed as there have been many reported sex-dependent differences in mTBI. To fully understand the inflammatory response to TBI, it is vital to assay cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as it has been shown that CSF biomarkers such as MAP-2 enhance prognosis capabilities. The literature analyzing the CSF proteome over time after TBI is very limited, primarily due to the lack of a CSF collection method that is minimally invasive and enables serial collections. This study had three primary goals. First, we wanted to describe a method of minimally invasive serial CSF collection. The method described in this study can easily be adapted by any laboratory prepared for animal studies. Second, we wanted to confirm that serial collection of the CSF does not alter CSF protein levels. Of the 17 analytes we tested, 16 showed no difference between serial collection and single collection. Third, we wanted to establish a framework for assessing sex differences in neuroinflammation after a concussion. We showed that results vary based on the framing of the statistical test. However, it is evident that males experience a more robust inflammatory response to a single concussion than females.
Reconstructing Voice Identity from Noninvasive Auditory Cortex Recordings

The cerebral processing of voice information is known to engage, in human as well as non-human primates, “temporal voice areas” (TVAs) that respond preferentially to conspecific vocalizations. However, how voice information is represented by neuronal populations in these areas, particularly speaker identity information, remains poorly understood. Here, we used a deep neural network (DNN) to generate a high-level, small-dimension representational space for voice identity—the ‘voice latent space’ (VLS)—and examined its linear relation with cerebral activity via encoding, representational similarity, and decoding analyses. We find that the VLS maps onto fMRI measures of cerebral activity in response to tens of thousands of voice stimuli from hundreds of different speaker identities and better accounts for the representational geometry for speaker identity in the TVAs than in A1. Moreover, the VLS allowed TVA-based reconstructions of voice stimuli that preserved essential aspects of speaker identity as assessed by both machine classifiers and human listeners. These results indicate that the DNN-derived VLS provides high-level representations of voice identity information in the TVAs.