Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Leaf removal and deficit irrigation have diverse outcomes on composition and gene expression during berry development of Vitis vinifera L. cultivar Xinomavro

The quality characteristics of a certain grapevine cultivar are determined by the combinatorial action of the genotype and environmental factors, such as soil, landscape and climate. Another critical parameter is the viticultural techniques utilised to improve grape berry quality. The influence of two viticultural practices, deficit irrigation and leaf removal, on the Greek Vitis vinifera L. cultivar ‘Xinomavro’ was investigated during the 2019 and 2020 vintages. Physiology measurements and berry sampling were performed at three phenological stages (green berry, veraison and harvest). The expression of specific genes known to control grape colour, aroma and flavour was studied in conjunction with berry growth and composition. All the parameters contributing to final yield, such as berry size, cluster weight and yield/vine, were reduced in non-irrigated and defoliated vines compared to their control (irrigated and non-defoliated) vines. Both treatments showed a significant increase in anthocyanin level, whereas total phenols increased in the deficit irrigation treatment only. Water deficit had no effect on total soluble solids, whereas leaf removal resulted in significantly increased levels compared to the controls. The expression profile of the genes examined was altered during ripening. Although both water deficit and defoliation positively influenced gene expression, there were several diverse responses among the phenological stages that depended on the vintage.
Quantum coherence and entanglement

We are in the midst of a renaissance in the study and interpretation of fundamental quantum mechanics, from quantum coherence and quantum entanglement to the quantum measurement process. This stems partly from the impressive advances in experimental techniques that are making yesterday's gedanken experiment today's reality. Another reason quantum coherence and entanglement have come to the forefront is the emerging and tantalizing field of quantum information science. The ability to store information in quantum systems may someday yield devices that process quantum superpositions of inputs in parallel or improve communication through the `wiring' implicit in quantum entanglement. Indeed, quantum computing has the remote prospect of revolutionizing the way we store and process information. This has become particularly important in the face of impending limits on the miniaturization of conventional computers due to quantum effects. Of course, all real systems face limits imposed by decoherence, or the environmentally-induced destruction of quantum coherence. Here, superpositions of quantum states suddenly become probabilistic mixtures of states when they interact with the environment or when the system parameters are fluctuating. Decoherence theory is commonly interpreted as a way to quantify the elusive boundary between quantum and classical worlds and almost always precludes the existence of complex quantum superpositions, except at extremely short time scales. In practice, it is very important to study how decoherence appears in particular quantum systems and try to fight against it. In this special issue of Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics, we highlight recent results in the exciting area of quantum coherence and entanglement, including generating interesting and complex quantum states, characterizing coherence and entanglement in these systems, and triumphing over relevant decoherence processes. We hope this issue will not only act as a bookmark in the ongoing study of fundamental quantum mechanics, but will also help guide the rapid developments in quantum information science.
Spheroidal models of magnetic clouds and their comparison with spacecraft measurements

We present here magnetic force-free solutions for spherical, oblate, and prolate clouds and show their magnetic field configurations. It is shown that spheroidal models can fit observed clouds as well as the cylindrical model. The spherical model is free of the limitation of the cylindrical model that allows only reduced increase of the magnetic field to 2x of the boundary value following from properties of the Bessel functions. For the tested cases, the cloud diameters following from the fit are generally larger for the spherical model than for the cylindrical one. An analysis of 14 cases shows that the fit using the spherical model is of a comparable accuracy in comparison with the cylindrical model. Generally, no exact determination of the cloud boundaries has been given up to now. We try to estimate cloud boundaries from the plasma data as an independent check, and compare them with cloud boundaries following from models of magnetic clouds. The boundaries given by the spheroidal models are near irregular temperature increases, and we suggest taking these increases as a possible indicator of the cloud physical boundaries.
Estimation of distance functions and geodesics and its use for shape comparison and alignment: theoretical and computational results

In this work we have tried to solve several problems from Shape Theory. We have dealt with the estimation of certain intrinsic quantities defined on submanifolds of Euclidean space, as well as with the use of this information to perform shape comparison and alignment. We have also approached the problem of surface warping and smoothing of information defined on implicit surfaces. Examples are shown and future lines of research are suggested to both improving the performance and extending reach of the techniques here introduced.
Pseudobreakup and substorm onset: Observations and MHD simulations compared

The global conditions during a moderate geomagnetic disturbance event on May 15, 1996, are examined by comparing data from several ground-based instruments and inner tail satellites with global MHD simulations of the same event. The ground-based data show two substorm intensifications about 40 min apart, the first one being small and localized (a pseudobreakup) and the second leading to a major rearrangement of both the ionospheric auroral distribution and the magnetotail configuration. The simulation shows that during the pseudobreakup, open field lines were reconnecting in the midtail, but the flows were mainly tailward and very few effects were observable in the inner magnetosphere. The result that pseudobreakups can be associated with activity producing topological changes in the tail is an important new aspect that has not been discussed in earlier studies. Both the observations and the simulation show two distinct regions of activity: a thin current sheet in the inner tail magnetically connected with the auroral bulge and a reconnection region in the midtail associated with the most intense electrojet currents.
Vajda’s Identities for Dual Fibonacci and Dual Lucas Sedenions

Fibonacci and Lucas numbers have been the most popular integer sequences since they were defined. These integer sequences have many uses, from nature to computer science, from art to financial analysis. Many researchers have worked on this subject. Sedenions form a 16-dimensional algebra on the field of real numbers. Various systems can be constructed by using the terms of special integer sequences instead of terms in sedenions. In this study, we define dual Fibonacci (DFS) and dual Lucas sedenions (DLS) with the help of Fibonacci and Lucas termed sedenions. Then we calculate some special identities for DFS and DLS such as Vajda's, Catalan's, d'Ocagne's, Cassini's.
Constructing Strictly Positive Types

We introduce the notion of a Martin-L¨ of category — a locally cartesian closed category with disjoint coproducts and initial algebras of container functors (the categorical analogue of W-types) — and then establish that nested strictly positive inductive and coinductive types, which we call strictly positive types, exist in any Martin-L ¨ of category. Central to our development are the notions of containers and container functors, introduced in Abbott, Altenkirch, and Ghani (2003a). These provide a new conceptual analysis of data structures and polymorphic functions by exploiting dependent type theory as a convenient way to define constructions in Martin-L ¨ of categories. We also show that morphisms between containers can be full and faithfully interpreted as polymorphic functions (i.e. natural transformations) and that, in the presence of W-types, all strictly positive types (including nested inductive and coinductive types) give rise to containers.
Are Tax Rates Still Decisive in FDI Investment Choice or What Drives Sectoral FDI Nowadays?

We explore the effects of effective taxation and institutional quality on sectoral FDI. Our analysis comprises European countries and we use data from 2002 to 2020. We employ a GMM approach and show that a rise in both apparent taxation and tax differential reduces sectoral FDI flow while soaring tax differential increase FDI stock. Among the institutional variables, tertiary enrollment attract FDI and secondary attainment has opposite results depending on the sectoral FDI. Our findings indicate that government should lower taxation for more FDI flows and strengthen tertiary and secondary enrollment.
QCD‐like gauge dynamics from gravity duals

We describe attempts to study QCD‐like gauge dynamics using a deformed version of the AdS/CFT Correspondence. The Yang Mills* geometry is dual to a gauge theory that is non‐supersymmetric Yang Mills in the infra‐red but reverts to N = 4 super Yang Mills in the ultra‐violet. The geometry describes a discrete, calculable glueball spectrum with a mass gap. Wilson loops in the geometry display QCD string breaking.
Occurrence of Shiga toxin producing E. coli in zoo animals of Rawalpindi and
Islamabad zoos

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are considered pathogens of zoonotic importance. Zoo animals have been reported as reservoirs of STEC and many STEC human outbreaks have been linked with zoo animals. Available information about the occurrence of STEC in zoo animals in Pakistan is limited. Therefore, the current study was executed to estimate the occurrence of STEC in zoo animals of two zoos of Rawalpindi and Islamabad cities in Pakistan. Total of 110 faecal samples were collected from 24 species of zoo animals. The samples were analysed for determination of eae , stx1 , stx2
Analysis of Image Texture Based on Autocorrelation Function for Non-Planar Surface Roughness

The non-planar surface roughness formed in different processing is studied based on autocorrelation function.The relationships between autocorrelation function,measuring parameter and image texture are discussed.The experimental setup is built.The laser speckle is processed by image processing software.The relation curves of autocorrelation function and surface roughness are obtained.
WIP: Augmenting Vehicle Safety With Passive BLE

—On urban roadways, “dooring” remains a serious problem to the safety of pedestrians, cyclists, and other vulnerable road users (VRUs). Existing solutions that address this concern remain inadequate, as they either place unreasonable expectations on the pedestrians or rely on prohibitively expensive additions to the vehicle’s sensing capabilities. Consequently, typical consumer vehicles are not yet equipped with such a technology, and practical dooring prevention still remains a safety concern. To address this problem, we propose a driver safety system for dooring prevention called S-Door that uses existing resources available in every modern vehicle: Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE). Since a modern vehicle is distributively equipped with multiple BLE transceivers, we leverage each transceiver to observe BLE advertising data (AD) packets that consumers’ smart devices passively transmit. From these AD packets, we extract information that we can use to localize the VRU device without pairing with the device. With this information, we propose two methods for localization based on BLE versions ≤ 5 . 0 and ≥ 5 . 1 , respectively. Our solutions are capable of alerting the driver of all instances of an oncoming VRU. Due to S-Door ’s use of existing vehicle BLE hardware, we may extend this application to modern vehicles through a firmware update—no physical modification is necessary.
A note on von Kármán's constant in low Reynolds number turbulent flows

An analysis of existing data on low Reynolds number flows strongly suggests that the conclusion of Simpson (1970) concerning the variation of von Kármás constant κ with Reynolds number is not correct. This implies that Coles’ (1962) assumption of the validity of the logarithmic velocity profile at low Reynolds numbers is correct and, moreover, that the inference drawn by Coles and later authors regarding the presence of viscous effects in the outer layer is valid. The analysis shows that these viscous effects are not present in duct flows, so that they are presumably associated with the presence of a turbulent-irrotational interface; it is argued that the ‘viscous superlayer’ can affect a large part of the outer layer at low Reynolds numbers. The data analysis incidentally shows that the viscous sublayer is more strongly affected by shear-stress gradients or transverse wall curvature than is the rest of the inner layer.
Hyperoside Ameliorates Renal Tubular Oxidative Damage and Calcium Oxalate Deposition in Rats through AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Axis

Background Nephrolithiasis is a common disease that seriously affects the health and life quality of patients. Despite the reported effect of hyperoside (Hyp) against nephrolithiasis, the specific mechanism has not been clarified. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the effect and potential mechanism of Hyp on renal injury and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition. Methods Rat and cell models of renal calculi were constructed by ethylene glycol (EG) and CaOx induction, respectively. The renal histopathological damage, CaOx crystal deposition, and renal function damage of rats were assessed by HE staining, Pizzolato staining, and biochemical detection of blood and urine parameters. MTT and crystal-cell adhesion assays were utilized to determine the activity of HK-2 cells and crystal adhesion ability, biochemical detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure the levels of oxidative stress-related substances and inflammatory factors, and western blot to test the expression levels of proteins related to the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Results Briefly speaking, Hyp could improve the renal histopathological injury and impaired renal function, reduce the deposition of CaOx crystals in the renal tissue of rats with renal calculi, and decrease the adhesion of crystals to CaOx-treated HK-2 cells. Besides, Hyp also significantly inhibited oxidative stress response. Furthermore, Hyp was associated with the downregulation of malondialdehyde, lactate dehydrogenase, and reactive oxygen species and upregulation of superoxide dismutase activity. Additionally, Hyp treatment also suppressed inflammatory response and had a correlation with declined levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor. Further exploration of mechanism manifested that Hyp might play a protective role through promoting AMPK phosphorylation and nuclear translation of Nrf2 to activate the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Conclusion Hyp can improve renal pathological and functional damage, decrease CaOx crystal deposition, and inhibit oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Such effects may be achieved by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Tail Comonotonicity and Conservative Risk Measures

Tail comonotonicity, or asymptotic full dependence, is proposed as a reasonable conservative dependence structure for modeling dependent risks. Some sufficient conditions have been obtained to justify the conservativity of tail comonotonicity. Simulation studies also suggest that, by using tail comonotonicity, one does not lose too much accuracy but gain reasonable conservative risk measures, especially when considering high scenario risks. A copula model with tail comonotonicity is applied to an auto insurance dataset. Particular models for tail comonotonicity for loss data can be based on the BB2 and BB3 copula families and their multivariate extensions.
Combination of physics‐based and data‐driven modeling for nonlinear structural seismic response prediction through deep residual learning

Despite great progress in seeking accurate numerical approximator to nonlinear structural seismic response prediction using deep learning approaches, tedious training process and large volume of structural response data under earthquakes for training and validation are often prohibitively accessible. In our methodology, the main innovation can be seen in the incorporation of deep neural networks (DNNs) into a classical numerical integration method by using a hybridized integration time‐stepper. In this way, the linear physics information of the structure and the obscure nonlinear dynamics are smoothly combined. We propose to use residual network (ResNet) to learn time‐stepping schemes specifically for the nonlinear state variables of the system. Our Physics‐DNN hybridized integration (PDHI) time‐stepping scheme provides important advantages over current pure data‐driven approaches, including (i) a flexible framework incorporating known time‐invariant physics information, (ii) requirement of structural seismic response data being circumvented by simple short bursts of trajectories collected from underlying nonlinear components, and (iii) efficiency in training and validation process. Besides, our results indicate that a simple feedforward or convolutional architecture outperforms recurrent networks to fulfill the requirement of prediction accuracy as well as long‐range memory in structural dynamic analysis. Several numerical and experimental examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Absolute Pitch as a Learned Phenomenon: Evidence Consistent with the Hick-Hyman Law

An analysis of reaction time data collected by Miyazaki (1989) provides additional support for absolute pitch as a learned phenomenon. Specifically, the data are shown to be consistent with the Hick-Hyman law, which relates the reaction time for a given stimulus to its expected frequency of occurrence. The frequencies of occurrence are estimated by analyzing a computer-based sample of Western music. The results are consistent with the view that absolute pitch is acquired through ordinary exposure to the pitches of Western music.
α-Synuclein oligomers and fibrils: partners in crime in synucleinopathies

The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein is the general hallmark of a group of devastating neurodegenerative pathologies referred to as synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. In such conditions, a range of different misfolded aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, are present both in neurons and glial cells. Growing experimental evidence supports the proposition that soluble oligomeric assemblies, formed during the early phases of the aggregation process, are the major culprits of neuronal toxicity; at the same time, fibrillar conformers appear to be the most efficient at propagating among interconnected neurons, thus contributing to the spreading of α-synuclein pathology. Moreover, α-synuclein fibrils have been recently reported to release soluble and highly toxic oligomeric species, responsible for an immediate dysfunction in the recipient neurons. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the plethora of mechanisms of cellular dysfunction caused by α-synuclein oligomers and fibrils, both contributing to neurodegeneration in synucleinopathies.
High-speed digital modulation characteristics of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers-numerical simulations consistent with experimental results

The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is a preferred light source for short-distance high-speed fiber-optic communication links. We simulate the digital modulation behavior of typical oxide-confined VCSELs under realistic working conditions with a comprehensive model that includes the detailed geometry when calculating the optical fields and that accurately accounts for the dynamic effects of carrier density and temperature on the modal distributions. The intrinsic output characteristics of single- and multimode VCSELs were studied as functions of bias and modulation depth under a 2/sup 7/-1 pseudorandom bit sequence current modulation at 2 and 10 Gb/s. The data were used to create numerical eye diagrams that show, e.g., the significant impact of the bit pattern history and the noise on the timing jitter in both single- and multimode VCSELs. For the single-mode VCSEL, the choice of the bias current and modulation depth was less critical due to its higher damping of the relaxation oscillations. The simulated VCSELs were fabricated and experimentally evaluated. The measured eye diagrams showed the same characteristic features as those in the simulations.
Degree Kirchhoff Index of Bicyclic Graphs

Abstract Let $G$ be a connected graph with vertex set $V\left( G \right)$ . The degree Kirchhoff index of $G$ is defined as ${{S}^{\prime }}\left( G \right)\,=\,\sum{_{\left\{ u,v \right\}\,\subseteq \,V\left( G \right)}d\left( u \right)d\left( v \right)R\left( u,\,v \right)}$ , where $d\left( u \right)$ is the degree of vertex $u$ , and $R\left( u,\,v \right)$ denotes the resistance distance between vertices $u$ and $v$ . In this paper, we characterize the graphs having maximum and minimum degree Kirchhoff index among all $n$ -vertex bicyclic graphs with exactly two cycles.
Formation of low-mass binaries with millisecond pulsars

An evolutionary scheme is considered which results in the formation of a low-mass binary (with orbital period 3-6 h) consisting of a red dwarf of mass < 0.3 M ○ . and a rapidly rotating neutron star with spin-period ∼ few ms and surface magnetic field < 10 9 G. We have computed the evolutionary sequences when, at the beginning of mass transfer, the donor star has a mass of 1 and 0.5 M ○ . , and the orbital period of the system is 9.4 and 4.5 h respectively. Our computations incorporate neutron star magnetic field decay. The rotational evolution of a neutron star is presented for the cases when, at the beginning of accretion on to the neutron star, the magnetic field is 2 × 10 8 , 5 × 10 8 or 10 9 G, and has a characteristic decay time of more than 10 9 yr
Deformation and burst of a liquid droplet freely suspended in a linear shear field

A theoretical method is presented for predicting the deformation and the conditions for breakup of a liquid droplet freely suspended in a general linear shear field. This is achieved by expanding the solution to the creeping-flow equations in powers of the deformation parameter ε and using linear stability theory to determine the onset of bursting. When compared with numerical solutions and with the available experimental data, the theoretical results are generally found to be of acceptable accuracy although, in some cases, the agreement is only qualitative.
Submillimetre observations of galaxies – I. First results

We present the first results from a programme of millimetre and submillimetre observations of galaxies using the UKT14 photometer at the JCMT. Three of the five objects discussed here are detected at 450 μm, and most at 800 μm as well. We perform fits to the dust spectrum for these objects, and find that dust temperatures of 28-35 K with a v 2 emissivity law give the best results. We also investigate the beam corrections that would need to be made if the cool dust distribution were extended, and find that it is possible to hide a substantial amount of cold dust from our observations if this is the case. Future observations using bolometer arrays or large-beam instruments will be necessary to determine whether such a large cold component is actually present