Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 0.03 mm2 Inductorless 50 Gb/s Multiplexer for Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizers

In this paper we present a high-speed 50 Gb/s current mode logic (CML) 2:1 Multiplexer (MUX) for driving of the Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizers (JAWS). JAWS can be used in quantum physics-related applications. For example, JAWS can be used as a voltage standard in metrology applications or as a reproducible quantum-based microwave signal source to control superconducting qubits in quantum computing. JAWS requires at its input a very long sigma-delta modulated sequence of current pulses, which is translated by the device into a highly accurate quantized analog voltage at its output. In that sense, JAWS can be seen as a quantum-accurate digital-analog converter (DAC). The very long sequence of digital bits is usually divided into several parts and stored in a memory. The parts are read out cyclically, and multiple parallel streams are serialized into a high-speed 50 Gb/s serial data stream using several multiplexer stages, providing the resulted combined control sequence to the JAWS input. The MUX presented in this work is the last stage of a multiplexer chain operating at the highest frequency and interfacing the JAWS. Quantum computers with a large number of qubits require scalable and power-efficient control electronics. To address this concern, we optimized the presented design for low power consumption to fit within a very low available cooling budget. The design is based on a 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and operates from a 3V single supply voltage. The maximum data rate is 50 Gb/s with a 140 mV single-ended voltage swing. This circuit has a miniature core area of 0.03 mm2 and a very low power consumption of 10 mW.
The Arabic Nurse Professional Competence-Short Version Scale (NPC-SV-A): Transcultural Translation and Adaptation with a Cohort of Saudi Nursing Students

Background: There is broad consensus that assessing and improving the competence of nurses is a crucial element of nursing education and practice. Numerous national and international nursing research studies have used the 35-item Nurse Professional Competence Scale (NPC-SV) to measure the self-reported competence of nursing students and registered nurses. To increase its usage in Arabic-speaking nations, however, a culturally adapted Arabic version of the scale with the same level of quality was necessary. Objectives: The study aimed to develop a culturally adapted Arabic version of the NPC-SV and evaluate its reliability and validity (construct, convergent, and discriminant types). Methods: Methodological descriptive cross-sectional design was utilized. A convenience sampling technique was employed to recruit 518 undergraduate nursing students from three Saudi Arabian institutions. The translated items were appraised by a panel of experts, who considered the content validity indexes. The structure of the translated scale was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modelling, and the Analysis of Moment Structure method. Results: When utilized with nursing students in Saudi Arabia, the Arabic short version of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale (NPC-SV-A) was shown to be reliable and valid in terms of its content, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire NPC-SV-A scale was 0.89 and varied from 0.83 to 0.89 for each of the six subscales. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed six significant factors with 33 items that accounted for 67.52 percent of the variance. The scale was congruent with the suggested six-dimensional model, as confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Conclusion: The Arabic version of the NPC-SV, which was reduced to 33 items, showed good psychometric properties, with a six-factor structure accounting for 67.52% of the total variance. When used alone, this 33-item scale can allow for more in-depth evaluations of self-reported competence among nursing students and licensed nurses.
Design of Compact Antenna Array for MIMO Implementation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis for 5G NR and Wi-Fi 6 Applications

In this paper, we present a compact antenna for 5G new radio (NR) and Wi-Fi 6 applications. Using characteristic mode analysis (CMA), two orthogonal modes have been separated and then a gap-coupled shaped feed-line has been used to excite the radiator. An open stub is added to achieve the wide operating bandwidth of the antenna. The size of a single antenna element and the 1 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 array-unit (AU) are 20 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 21.5 mm2 and 40 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 21.5 mm2, respectively. The operating and fractional bandwidths (FBW) of the AU are 5.18–7.71GHz and 39.25%, respectively. The proposed AU is used to develop a number of radiating element-independent multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas comprising of 2AUs, 4AUs, and 8AUs with identical electrical characteristics and good isolation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) ≥ 18.8 dB. All the AUs have realized gain ~ 3.0 dBi, and the total antenna efficiency ~ 70% making it suitable for the single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multiple users MIMO (MU-MIMO) needed for Wi-Fi 6 applications. To show the application of these antennas, the deployment scenario of a 16AUs MIMO antenna on a large size ground plane which mimics the smart TV panel and router chassis, etc., is also presented. These AUs may find potential applications in radiator-number independent MIMO systems.
The effect of the “Oral-Gut” axis on periodontitis in inflammatory bowel disease: A review of microbe and immune mechanism associations

Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that share common features of microbial-induced ecological dysregulation and host immune inflammatory response. The close relationship between periodontitis and IBD is characterized by a higher prevalence of IBD in patients with periodontitis and a higher prevalence and severity of periodontitis in patients with IBD, indicating that periodontitis and IBD are different from the traditional independent diseases and form an “Oral-Gut” axis between the two, which affect each other and thus form a vicious circle. However, the specific mechanisms leading to the association between the two are not fully understood. In this article, we describe the interconnection between periodontitis and IBD in terms of microbial pathogenesis and immune dysregulation, including the ectopic colonization of the gut by pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis that promotes inflammation in the gut by activating the host immune response, and the alteration of the oral microbiota due to IBD that affects the periodontal inflammatory response. Among the microbial factors, pathogenic bacteria such as Klebsiella, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum may act as the microbial bridge between periodontitis and IBD, while among the immune mechanisms, Th17 cell responses and the secreted pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of both diseases. This suggests that in future studies, we can look for targets in the “Oral-Gut” axis to control and intervene in periodontal inflammation by regulating periodontal or intestinal flora through immunological methods.
Characterizing nonlinearities in the Chandra LETG+HRC-S dispersion relation

The Chandra Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (LETGS) is comprised of 3 micro-channel plate (MCP) segments and is primarily used with the High Resolution Camera spectroscopic array (HRC-S). In-flight calibration data observed with the LETG+HRC-S show that there are non-linear deviations in the positions of some lines by as much as 0.1 Å. These deviations are thought to be caused by spatial non-linearities in the imaging characteristics of the HRC-S detector. Here, we present the methods we used to characterize the non-linearities of the dispersion relation across the central plate of the HRC-S, and empirical corrections which greatly reduce the observed non-linearities by a factor of 2 or more on the central MCP.
The Effects of Rain on ERS-1 Radar Altimeter Data

Abstract An investigation into a potentially important, but little-studied effect on altimeter data—rain contamination—has been carried out using ERS-1. The method involves identifying large changes in the radar backscatter coefficient and relating these to atmospheric liquid water estimates obtained from an onboard microwave radiometer. The latter is found to provide a useful means of distinguishing between wind and rain events. In general, the backscatter coefficient is reduced most when the liquid water content is high, and by an amount that is consistent with atmospheric attenuation at the radar frequency in use. However, some examples of enhanced backscatter were also observed indicating a possible reduction in surface roughness by the impact of raindrops on the ocean surface. Examination of return pulse shapes across significant rain events reveals behavior consistent with published theoretical work and shows how rain may lead to loss-of-lock in extreme conditions. The results of this study have imp.
Intestinal Immune Deficiency and Juvenile Hormone Signaling Mediate a Metabolic Trade-off in Adult Drosophila Females

A trade-off hypothesis pertains to the biased allocation of limited resources between two of the most important fitness traits, reproduction and survival to infection. This quid pro quo manifests itself within animals prioritizing their energetic needs according to genetic circuits balancing metabolism, germline activity and immune response. Key evidence supporting this hypothesis includes dipteran fecundity being compromised by systemic immunity, and female systemic immunity being compromised by mating. Here, we reveal a local trade-off taking place in the female Drosophila midgut upon immune challenge. Genetic manipulation of intestinal motility, permeability, regeneration and three key midgut immune pathways provides evidence of an antagonism between specific aspects of intestinal defense and fecundity. That is, juvenile hormone (JH)-controlled egg laying, lipid droplet utilization and insulin receptor expression are specifically compromised by the immune deficiency (Imd) and the dual oxidase (Duox) signaling in the midgut epithelium. Moreover, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression under the control of the Imd pathway is inhibited upon mating and JH signaling in the midgut. Local JH signaling is further implicated in midgut dysplasia, inducing stem cell-like clusters and gut permeability. Thus, midgut JH signaling compromises host defense to infection by reducing Imd-controlled AMP expression and by inducing dysplasia, while midgut signaling through the Imd and Duox pathways compromises JH-guided metabolism and fecundity.
Motion Control System Design for a Novel Water-Powered Aerial System for Firefighting with Flow-Regulating Actuators

Flying water-jet propulsion devices, such as jet boards, jet packs, and jet bikes, can execute complex flight maneuvers. However, they require the direct involvement of trained operators to control, and their applications are very limited. In this study, we design an effective controller for a novel water-powered aerial system that aims for autonomous firefighting missions, especially at or in bodies water. Unlike existing water-powered systems, an assembly of flow-regulating actuators is proposed to fully operate the system in three-dimensional space. The paper first formulates the system dynamics by coupled partial ordinary differential equations. Then, the nonlinear controller is designed to ensure the desired system motion and stability. The design takes distinct characteristics of the system, such as coupling, under actuation, and effects of the hose conveying the water, into consideration so that the system is stabilized and uniform ultimate boundedness is achieved. Computational studies in comparison with previous control methods validated the superiority and feasibility of the proposed control system.
Detection of foreign bodies in chocolate with pulsed terahertz spectroscopy

We demonstrate the detection of metallic and nonmetallic foreign bodies in chocolate using pulsed terahertz imaging. Investigating the shape of the temporal waveform allows for the discrimination between wanted ingredients like nuts on one hand and foreign bodies like stone, glass, or plastic particles on the other hand. Yet, the intensity image alone does not provide enough information to evaluate the quality of the chocolate bar. To achieve a low false-alarm rate it is important to measure the height profile of the sample and to include the measured results in the image-processing step. Our results show that terahertz imaging can be used for the detection of contaminations in chocolate bars. Furthermore, other kinds of dry food can be investigated with our technique.
Non-Covalent Interactions in Polymers

Non-covalent interactions are one of the key topics in modern chemical science. These inter- and intramolecular weak interactions (e.g., hydrogen, halogen, and chalcogen bonds, stacking interactions and metallophilic contacts) have a significant effect on the properties of polymers. In this Special Issue, “Non-covalent interactions in polymers”, we tried to collect fundamental and applied research manuscripts (original research articles and comprehensive review papers) focused on non-covalent interactions in polymer chemistry and related fields. The scope of the Special Issue is very broad: we welcome all the contributions that deal with the synthesis, structure, functionality and properties of polymer systems involving non-covalent interactions.
EFFECT OF WATER AND ALCOHOL EXTRACTS OF LAVANDULA MULTIFIDA AND MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA PLANTS ON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

The inhibitory effect of the extracts of lavender and chamomile was studied, followed by the Disk Diffusion Method (Bauer et al., 1966) on bacterial species E.coli, Klebsiella sp, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The plants provided a source of compounds in medicines, great towards human health. However. The results of antimicrobial activity from all plants are shown in this experiment. Different concentrations of water extract, were used: 10-15-20 gm it was found in this study that plant extracts obtained by ethanol showed an activity where E. coli gave a response to the chamomile extract of chamomile rather than the water of both plants where the mean inhibition diameter respectively (1.9-2-2.4) The water extract of the lavender plant has an effective effect against Klebsiella inhibition (1.85-1.96-2.03) cm, whereas Staphylococcus epidermidis. Was the effect of the water extract of the lavender greater than the effect of the water extract of chamomile? The diameters of the three concentrations are (1.23_1.76_2) cm.
Transmission of electrons through ferromagnetic material and applications to detection of electron spin polarization

The salient features of the total low energy inelastic electron scattering cross section in transition metals are described by a constant term σ 0 plus a term σ d that is proportional to the number of unoccupied d-orbitals. This simple model predicts that low energy electrons transmitted through a ferromagnetic ultrathin film acquire a transport spin polarization a(x). Using the ratio σ 0 /σ d as the only adjustable parameter, the model predicts the enhancement of the spin polarization of the low energy cascade electrons as well as a(x) in reasonable agreement with the existing observations on Fe, Co and Ni. A detector for electron spin polarization P based on the spin dependent transmission of electrons through ferromagnetic material is proposed which should be superior to existing P-detectors by 1 − 2 orders of magnitude
AN ANALYTICAL NOTE ON THE STATUS OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN INDIAN ECONOMY

In the last 75 years of the Indian economy,more than 50 programmes were introduced for the agriculture and rural sector. In this scenario,it really becomes appropriate to study the current status of Indian agriculture which is the priority sector in India. This paper is an attempt to analyse the status of Indian agriculture which occupies the highest portion of the Indian labour force. The present study describes the different programmes implemented for agriculture and rural development in the previous 75 years.Moreover,the paper describes the trend of the share of the agriculture sector in Gross Value Added and the rate of growth of agriculture.It also evaluates the production trend of agricultural products, fisheries and livestock
Neuromodulation of Neural Oscillations in Health and Disease

Simple Summary Over the past few decades, advances in electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and brain stimulation has permitted an unprecedented view of how specific brain structures communicate as well as organize complex cognitive functions. Specifically, neurotransmitters (including norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and dopamine) have all been shown to have an impact on neural oscillations throughout the brain, linking them to changes in cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive function. While these interactions are still widely unexplored, their appearance in neurological disorders through cross-frequency coupling (CFC) brings light to the vital role they play in orchestrating healthy brain function. This brief review serves to highlight the important role each neuromodulatory system plays in changing widespread neural networks, emphasizing their involvement in health and disease to help inform more translational brain stimulation technologies. Abstract Using EEG and local field potentials (LFPs) as an index of large-scale neural activities, research has been able to associate neural oscillations in different frequency bands with markers of cognitive functions, goal-directed behavior, and various neurological disorders. While this gives us a glimpse into how neurons communicate throughout the brain, the causality of these synchronized network activities remains poorly understood. Moreover, the effect of the major neuromodulatory systems (e.g., noradrenergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic) on brain oscillations has drawn much attention. More recent studies have suggested that cross-frequency coupling (CFC) is heavily responsible for mediating network-wide communication across subcortical and cortical brain structures, implicating the importance of neurotransmitters in shaping coordinated actions. By bringing to light the role each neuromodulatory system plays in regulating brain-wide neural oscillations, we hope to paint a clearer picture of the pivotal role neural oscillations play in a variety of cognitive functions and neurological disorders, and how neuromodulation techniques can be optimized as a means of controlling neural network dynamics. The aim of this review is to showcase the important role that neuromodulatory systems play in large-scale neural network dynamics, informing future studies to pay close attention to their involvement in specific features of neural oscillations and associated behaviors.
Magnetic field structure in the outer OH maser envelope of VX Sagittarii

The OH 1612 MHz maser transition from the supergiant star VX Sgr has been imaged in all Stokes parameters using MERLIN. Numerous elliptically polarised components are distributed in a roughly symmetric envelope of a size similar to that measured in total maser intensity. The polarisation vectors are generally tangential to the circumstellar envelope, indicating a globally ordered magnetic eld at the distance of about 1400 au from the supergiant. It is suggested that a predominance of projected radial magnetic lines and a displacement between the red- and blue-shifted parts of the envelope can be explained with a dipole eld tilted at 20 30 to the line of sight.
Einstein's Motivation

“Einstein's intellectual feat was especially astonishing because, unlike the pioneers of quantum theory, he wasn't motivated by any experimental enigma. ” After I read this comment by Martin J. Rees in his Pathways of Discovery essay “Piecing together the biggest puzzle of all” (8 Dec., p. [1919][1]), I searched and found that, contrary to what Rees says, Einstein was indeed motivated. Einstein wrote that he was “busy working on relativity theory in connection with the law of gravitation, with which I hope to account for the still unexplained secular changes in the perihelion motion of the planet Mercury—so far it doesn't seem to work” ([1][2], p. 3). 1. [↵][3]1. L. P. Hughston, 2. K. P. Tod , An Introduction to General Relativity (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge; New York, 1990) Letter to Conrad Habicht, December 1907, cited in(. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.290. 5498.1919 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
Synchronized Flow in a Cellular Automaton Model with Time Headway Dependent Randomization

We propose another possible mechanism of synchronized flow, i.e. that a time headway dependent randomization can exhibit synchronized flow. Based on this assumption, we present a new cellular automaton (CA) model for traffic flow, in which randomization effect is enhanced with the decrease of time headway. We study fundamental diagram and spatial-temporal diagrams of the model and perform microscopic analysis of time series data, which shows the model could reproduce synchronized flow as expected. It is also shown that a spontaneous transition from synchronized flow to jam could be observed by incorporating slow-to-start effect into the model. We expect that our work could contribute to the understanding of the real origin of synchronized flow.
The Devastating Rice Blast Airborne Pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae—A Review on Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most devastating pathogenic fungi that affects a wide range of cereal plants, especially rice. Rice blast disease causes substantial economic losses around the globe. The M. oryzae genome was first sequenced at the beginning of this century and was recently updated with improved annotation and completeness. In this review, key molecular findings on the fungal development and pathogenicity mechanisms of M. oryzae are summarized, focusing on fully characterized genes based on mutant analysis. These include genes involved in the various biological processes of this pathogen, such as vegetative growth, conidia development, appressoria formation and penetration, and pathogenicity. In addition, our syntheses also highlight gaps in our current understanding of M. oryzae development and virulence. We hope this review will serve to improve a comprehensive understanding of M. oryzae and assist disease control strategy designs in the future.
Bounce-averaged kinetic equations and neoclassical polarization density

The rigorous formulation of the bounce-averaged equations is presented based upon the Poincare–Cartan one-form and Lie perturbation methods. The resulting bounce-averaged Vlasov equation is Hamiltonian, and is thus suitable for the self-consistent simulation of low frequency electrostatic turbulence in the trapped ion mode regime. In the bounce-kinetic Poisson equation, the “neoclassical polarization density” arises from the difference between the bounce-averaged banana center and real trapped particle densities across a field line. This representation of the neoclassical polarization drift as a shielding term provides a systematic way to study the long term behavior of the turbulence driven E×B flow.