Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomic Diffusion in Old Stars : Testing parameter degeneracies

The predicted primordial lithium abundance differs from observations of unevolved halo stars on the Spite plateau by a factor two to three. Surface depletion due to atomic diffusion has been suggested as a cause of this so-called cosmological lithium problem. Evolutionary abundance trends indicative of atomic diffusion have previously been identified in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC 6397 ([Fe/H] = -2), with stellar parameters deduced spectroscopically in a self-consistent manner. Abundances of five elements (Li, Mg, Ca, Ti, and Fe) were found to be in agreement with stellar structure models including the effects of atomic diffusion and a free-parameter description of turbulent mixing at the lowest efficiency compatible with the flatness of the Spite plateau. It is our aim to evaluate the interplay of modelling assumptions and theoretical predictions under various priors, e.g. the independent age determination using the white dwarf cooling sequence, and the high efficiency of turbulent mixing recently found compatible with halo field stars. We perform self-consistent spectroscopic abundance analyses at an expanded effective temperature scale inspired by results of new photometric calibrations from the infrared flux method. The resulting abundances are compared to predictions in a grid of theoretical isochrones, chosen in light of the priors for age and efficiency of turbulent mixing. We find that the observed abundance trends are not artefacts of the effective temperature scale, as it cannot be arbitrarily modified to flatten all trends. The inferred abundance trends seem to be in agreement with predictions for an age compatible with the white dwarf cooling sequence, and a limited range of weak turbulent mixing. The inferred initial lithium abundance of these stars is merely 30 % lower than the primordial abundance, discrepant at 1.5 standard deviations. Hence, a stellar solution to the cosmological lithium problem is still within reach.
Analysis of the Utility of CO2 and Pulse-Dye Lasers Together and Separately in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Burn Scars

Introduction Hypertrophic burn scars (HTBSs) remain a significant source of morbidity. Contemporary treatment has evolved to use CO2 lasers and/or pulse-dye lasers (PDLs) to reduce scar thickness (ST) and erythema. This study seeks to compare treatment efficacy with CO2 or PDL individually and in combination. Methods Patients undergoing laser treatments for HTBSs were enrolled. Three 3 × 3 cm squares of HTBSs were randomized to receive treatment with CO2 laser, PDL or CO2 + PDL. Patients underwent 3 treatments, 4 to 6 weeks apart and were followed up over 3 to 6 months. Scar assessments occurred at each visit before treatment and consisted of photographs, ultrasound, colorimetry, and the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Score. Results Twenty-five patients were enrolled. Twenty completed 2 treatments (80%) and 11 completed all 3 treatments (44%). Median initial ST was 0.3 cm. Median time since injury was 8 months. Hypertrophic burn scars treated with CO2 or PDL showed a significant decrease in Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale score from visit 1 to 3 (P = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). When separated by ST, thick scars (≥0.3 cm) showed a significant decrease in thickness between visit 1 and 2 using all laser modalities (CO2 + PDL, P = 0.01; CO2, P = 0.02; PDL, P = 0.03). Thin scars (<0.3 cm) showed a reduction in thickness by visit 3 after CO2 + PDL or PDL alone (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Separating scars by age, younger scars (<9 months) showed a significant reduction in thickness between visit 1 and 2 for CO2 treatment (P = 0.04), and between visit 2 and 3 for CO2 + PDL treatment (P = 0.04). Hypertrophic burn scars treated with PDL did not demonstrate a significant reduction in thickness until visit 3 (P = 0.002). Older scars (≥9 months) showed a significant reduction in thickness between visit 1 and 2 only after CO2 + PDL (P = 0.01). Conclusions Hypertrophic burn scars of varying ages, etiologies, and thicknesses were examined in this study with greater degree of early reduction seen in thicker scars using all laser modalities of CO2, PDL or in combination. However, there was no clinically meaningful benefit found with combination as compared with individual treatment. These data support the use of laser to improve HTBS but does not support one modality or combination of modalities over another.
Telemonitoring and protocolized case management for hypertensive community dwelling older adults (TECHNOMED): a randomized controlled trial

Background: Home blood pressure (BP) telemonitoring combined with case management leads to BP reductions in individuals with hypertension. However, its benefits are less clear in older (age ≥ 65 years) adults. Methods: Twelve-month, open-label, randomized trial of community-dwelling older adults comparing the combination of home BP telemonitoring (HBPM) and pharmacist-led case management, vs. enhanced usual care with HBPM alone. The primary outcome was the proportion achieving systolic BP targets on 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Changes in HBPM were also examined. Logistic and linear regressions were used for analyses, adjusted for baseline BP. Results: Enrollment was stopped early due to coronavirus disease 2019. Participants randomized to intervention (n = 61) and control (n = 59) groups were mostly female (77%), with mean age 79.5 years. The adjusted odds ratio for ABPM BP target achievement was 1.48 (95% confidence interval 0.87–2.52, P = 0.15). At 12 months, the mean difference in BP changes between intervention and control groups was −1.6/−1.1 for ABPM (P-value 0.26 for systolic BP and 0.10 for diastolic BP), and −4.9/−3.1 for HBPM (P-value 0.04 for systolic BP and 0.01 for diastolic BP), favoring the intervention. Intervention group participants had hypotension (systolic BP < 110) more frequently (21% vs. 5%, P = 0.009), but no differences in orthostatic symptoms, syncope, non-mechanical falls, or emergency department visits. Conclusions: Home BP telemonitoring and pharmacist case management did not improve achievement of target range ambulatory BP, but did reduce home BP. It did not result in major adverse consequences.
A mapping method for anomaly detection in a localized population of structures

Abstract Population-based structural health monitoring (PBSHM) provides a means of accounting for inter-turbine correlations when solving the problem of wind farm anomaly detection. Across a wind farm, where a group of structures (turbines) is placed in close vicinity to each other, the environmental conditions and, thus, structural behavior vary in a spatiotemporal manner. Spatiotemporal trends are often overlooked in the existing data-based wind farm anomaly detection methods, because most current methods are designed for individual structures, that is, detecting anomalous behavior of a turbine based on the past behavior of the same turbine. In contrast, the idea of PBSHM involves sharing data across a population of structures and capturing the interactions between structures. This paper proposes a population-based anomaly detection method, specifically for a localized population of structures, which accounts for the spatiotemporal correlations in structural behavior. A case study from an offshore wind farm is given to demonstrate the potential of the proposed method as a wind farm performance indicator. It is concluded that the method has the potential to indicate operational anomalies caused by a range of factors across a wind farm. The method may also be useful for other tasks such as wind power and turbine load modeling.
FORMULATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF ISONIAZID MICROSPHERES

T he aim of present work is to investigate the possibility of obtaining a prolonged, relatively constant effect of isoniazid microspheres by using HPMC and egg albumin as carriers. The present study was aimed to develop and evaluate microspheres of isoniazid (INH) in different drug to polymer ratios using emulsification heat stabilization method. In-vitro drug release studies were performed using the shaking flask method. FTIR studies showed that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and polymers. Scanning electron microscopy showed the microspheres having a spherical structure. Prepared microspheres were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and in-vitro drug release studies. Microspheres showed the particle size of about 70% was in size range of 178.1 nm and zeta potential found to be -49.2 mV. Formulation INH3 showed prolongs drug release. In the present study a satisfactory attempt was made to develop micro particulate drug delivery system of INH with improved bioavailability, efficient targeting and dose reduction.
Historical Relation between Mechanisms and Screw Theory and the Development of Finite Displacement Screws

： Screw theory has become a well developed tool for analysis and synthesis in mechanisms and robotics, though its development and intrinsic relationship with the mechanism development has not yet been well revealed. The relationship is to be presented, in the following through the historical development of classical mechanisms by their mathematician inventors. It reveals that a study of geometry led to development of classical mechanisms and new mechanisms while these mechanisms are conversely related to development of the mathematical foundation in the form of screw theory and screw algebra. This traces back to the 17th and 18th century and to the thriving 19th century when the study of screw theory reached its height. A comprehensive account is then presented of the latter development in the 20th century with the latest progress. The relationship between screw theory and Lie theory is further revealed via the development of finite displacement screws in the 20th century and in their development in the 1990s. This reveals the intrinsic relationship between finite displacement screws and Lie groups and leads to a relationship diagram between two theories as presented in the book “Geometrical Foundation and Screw Algebra of Mechanisms and Robotics”. The revelation leads to the review of use of screw theory for the study of stiffness and compliance of mechanisms and robotics.
POTENCY OF PURIFICATION EXTRACT FROM BELIMBING WULUH ( AVERRHOA BILIMBI ) AS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-TYROSINASE

Purpose : The purpose was to investigate purified extract of belimbing wuluh (PEBW) leaves as Indonesian plant for natural whitening agent. Method : The purified extract of belimbing wuluh leaves used as a test Indonesian material. To investigate total phenolic content using folin-ciochalteu reagent, total flavonoids using AlCl3 reagent. The absorbance of belimbing wuluh were obtained on range 290-320 nm for SPF, 290-315 nm for percent erithema (%TE) 320-370 nm for percent pigmentation (%TP). Test for antioxidant activity with DPPH. Tyrosinase inhibitor activity using mushroom tyrosinase assay. Results : Purified extract of belimbing wuluh leaves have a total phenolic content of 42.22±0.44 mgGAE/g and total flavonoid content of 41.38±1.31 mgRE/g. SPF values at a concentration of 300 ppm were obtained 10.64±0.66 with %TE 38.79±6.01% and %TP 9.28±0.79%. The IC50 value of antioxidant activity is 77.09±8.21  g/mL greater than rutin 5.92  g/ml. The IC50 values of Tyrosinase inhibitor activity is 224.16±34.55  g/mL greater than kojic acid 16.68 μg/ml. Conclusion : Purified extract of belimbing wuluh leaves have potential to be developed as sunscreen cosmetics and whitening agents.
Uncertainty, incompleteness, chance, and design

The 20th century has revealed two important limitations of scientific knowledge. On the one hand, the combination of Poincar\'e's nonlinear dynamics and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle leads to a world picture where physical reality is, in many respects, intrinsically undetermined. On the other hand, G\"odel's incompleteness theorems reveal us the existence of mathematical truths that cannot be demonstrated. More recently, Chaitin has proved that, from the incompleteness theorems, it follows that the random character of a given mathematical sequence cannot be proved in general (it is 'undecidable'). I reflect here on the consequences derived from the indeterminacy of the future and the undecidability of randomness, concluding that the question of the presence or absence of finality in nature is fundamentally outside the scope of the scientific method.
C*-Algebras and Finite-Dimensional Approximations

Fundamental facts Basic theory: Nuclear and exact $\textrm{C}^*$-algebras: Definitions, basic facts and examples Tensor products Constructions Exact groups and related topics Amenable traces and Kirchberg's factorization property Quasidiagonal C*-algebras AF embeddablity Local reflexivity and other tensor product conditions Summary and open problems Special topics: Simple $\textrm{C}^*$-algebras Approximation properties for groups Weak expectation property and local lifting property Weakly exact von Neumann algebras Applications: Classification of group von Neumann algebras Herrero's approximation problem Counterexamples in $\textrm{K}$-homology and $\textrm{K}$-theory Appendices: Ultrafilters and ultraproducts Operator spaces, completely bounded maps and duality Lifting theorems Positive definite functions, cocycles and Schoenberg's Theorem Groups and graphs Bimodules over von Neumann algebras Bibliography Notation index Subject index.
Structure of Two New Saponins from Stem-Bark of Anthocephalus cadamba

Two new saponiDs ( C and D ) bave beea isolated from stem-bark of A.nt~ phalus cadamba Miq. From the results of permetbylation and periodate-oxidatioa studies, as well as by application of Klyne's rule the structures of saponin C and saponin Dare established as ti·D-glucopyranosyl (1~)-. S·D-glacop)'l'anosyl (1-+3)-11(. -L acid and (,8-D.glucopyranosyl quiaovie acid respeetively.
Comparative Numerical Studies of Flow Past a Cylinder at Reynolds Number 3 900

The flow past a cylinder at a Reynolds number of 3 900 is addressed with the delayed DES (DDES) and constrained large⁃eddy simulation (CLES) . The experiments and numerical simulations in this case have been extensively analyzed in previous researches. It is commonly recognized that the flow structures and recirculation length are closely related to the dispersion and dissipation properties of the scheme. Under such consideration, an optimized scheme is chosen and validated for several typical flows with multi⁃scale structures and strong shocks. Then, the DDES and CLES are performed to obtain pressure distribution, mean velocity profiles and the turbulence statistics in the near wake. By comparing the results from calculations with the experimental data, it is found that the averaged quantities from the CLES agree slightly bet⁃ ter with the experimental data than those from the DDES. In the instantaneous flow field, com⁃ plicated structures are captured by both the DDES and the CLES. A significant difference be⁃ tween them is that small⁃scale motions can be observed in the near⁃wall region for the CLES. Lastly, though the CLES predicts the mean statistics slightly better, the implementation of the CLES is much more complex than that of the DDES.
Design of Large Wind Turbines using Fluid-Structure Coupling Technique

Aerodynamic and structural dynamic performance analysis of modern wind turbines are routinely carried out in the wind energy field using computational tools known as aero-elastic codes. Most aero-elastic codes use the blade element momentum (BEM) technique to model the rotor aerodynamics and a modal, multi-body, or finite-element approach to model the turbine structural dynamics. A novel aeroelastic code has been developed called MIRAS-FLEX. MIRAS-FLEX is an improvement on standard aero-elastic codes because it uses a more advanced aerodynamic model than BEM. MIRAS-FLEX combines the three-dimensional viscous-inviscid interactive method, MIRAS, with the dynamics model used in the aero-elastic code FLEX5. Following the development of MIRAS-FLEX, a surrogate optimization methodology using MIRAS alone has been developed for the aerodynamic design of wind-turbine rotors. Designing a rotor using a computationally expensive MIRAS instead of an inexpensive BEM code represents a challenge, which is resolved by using the proposed surrogate-based approach. The approach is unique because most aerodynamic wind-turbine rotor design codes use the more common and inexpensive BEM technique. As a verification case, the methodology is applied to design a model wind-turbine rotor and is compared in detail with the one designed with BEM. Results demonstrate the methodology is effective for the aerodynamic design of wind-turbine rotors. To perform more realistic large wind-turbine rotor designs, a structural design code was needed. Such a structural design code has been developed to minimize the cost of energy (COE) of the NREL 5MW wind-turbine blade. Blade stiffness and mass are computed using the NREL PreComp code based on the classical laminate theory, while blade natural frequencies are obtained from the NREL BModes code. The aero-elastic program FLEX5 computes loads based on design load cases from the IEC standards, which are then used to compute the deflections, strains, and buckling constraints. The minimum COE is found by implementing the procedure with a gradient-based optimizer and using the wind turbine design cost and scaling model of NREL. Last, a unique framework to design large wind-turbine rotors has been developed by combining MIRAS-FLEX, the surrogateoptimization code, and the structural design code. The optimization framework was used to design large wind turbine blades using both FLEX5 and MIRAS-FLEX with good results obtained. Education: PhD Supervisors: Wen Zhong Shen Jens Nørkær Sørensen Néstor Ramos García Technical University of Denmark Department of Wind Energy Nils Koppels Allé Building 403 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Telephone 46 77 50 85 www.vindenergi. dtu.dk Design of Large Wind Turbines using Fluid-Structure Coupling Technique by Matias Sessarego B.Sc., University of Calgary, 2011 M.Sc., University of Calgary, 2013 Submitted to the Department of Wind Energy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The Technical University of Denmark
On the Application of Harmonic Analysis to the Dynamical Theory of the Tides. Part I. On Laplace's

The earliest attempt to subject the Theory of the Tides to a rigorous dynamical treatment was given by Laplace in the first and fourth books of the ‘Mecanique Celeste. ’ The subject has since been treated by Airy, Kelvin, Darwin, Lamb, and other writers, but with the exception of the extension of Laplace’s results to include the theory of the long-period tides, but little practical advance has been made with the subject, in spite of the enormous increase in the power of the mathematical resources at our disposal, and the problem has remained in very much the same condition as it was left by Laplace. This arises no doubt partly from the difficulties inherent to the subject, but partly from the form in which the theory was originally presented by Laplace in the ‘Mecanique Celeste,’ which has been described by Airy as “perhaps on the whole more obscure than any other part of the same extent in that work. ” The obscurity complained of does not however seem to have been entirely removed by Laplace’s successors, and it was the fact that every presentment of the theory with which I was acquainted offered some points of difficulty, that in the first instance led me to take up the problem ab initio , partly with the purpose of allaying the doubts which had arisen in my own mind as to the validity of certain approximations employed by Laplace and adopted by his successors, and partly in the hope that I might be able to extend the results of Laplace to meet more fully the case presented by the circumstances actually existent in Nature. Up to the present I have been unable to free the problem to any extent from the limitations which have been imposed by previous writers, and consequently it would be futile to claim that the results I am now able to put forward materially advance our knowledge of the tides as they actually exist; but I venture to hope that these results, as applied to the oscillations of an ideal ocean, considerably simpler in character than the actual ocean, may prove of some interest from the point of view of pure hydrodynamical theory.
Exotic alleles of EARLY FLOWERING 3 1 determine plant development and grain yield in 2 barley 3

19 Adaptation of crops to an increasing range of environmental conditions will be substantial for 20 future plant breeding. EARLY FLOWERING 3 ( ELF3 ) is an important regulator of various 21 physiological and developmental processes and hence may serve to improve plant adaptation. 22 To expand the limited knowledge on barley ELF3 in determining yield formation, we 23 conducted field studies with heterogeneous inbred families (HIFs) derived from selected lines 24
Computational Cosserat Dynamics in MEMS Component Modelling

The modelling strategy and simulation of flexible components of MEMS are addressed in this article. A newly developed Cosserat Rod Element (CRE) approach is employed to model the nonlinear dynamic equations of motion for micro resonators. Models constructed using this approach seek to capture the most significant characteristics of a microstructure in a few variables governed by a few ordinary differential equations of motion. A Three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic model with a six-degree-of-freedom for a resonator that comprises a resonator membrane supported by four flexible beams is generated. For illustration, the nonlinear dynamical responses of the resonator with/without external forces and/or torques have been presented through numerical simulations.
Migração dependente da densidade em modelos metapopulacionais

The effects of the density-dependent migration in a discrete space-time metapopulation model with multiple species are studied. We consider some specific local dynamics of biological relevance and analyze two different aspects. First, we assume that the homogeneous state of the local dynamics is asymptotically stable and investigate the instabilities caused by the density dependent migration process. Second, we deal with the relations between the density dependent migration and the possibility of synchronization for chaotic orbits. Some criteria for the transversal asymptotic stability of synchronized attractors are established.