Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glial Elements Contribute to Stress-induced Torsina Expression in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems

DYT1 dystonia is caused by a single GAG deletion in Exon 5 of TOR1A , the gene encoding torsinA, a putative chaperone protein. In this study, central and peripheral nervous system perturbations (transient forebrain ischemia and sciatic nerve transection, respectively) were used to examine the systems biology of torsinA. After forebrain ischemia, quantitative real-time RT-PCR identified increased torsinA transcript levels in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum at 24 h and 7 d. Expression declined toward sham values by 14 d in striatum, thalamus and cortex, and by 21 d in cerebellum and hippocampus. TorsinA transcripts were localized to dentate granule cells and pyramidal neurons in control hippocampus and were moderately elevated in these cell populations at 24 h after ischemia, after which CA1 expression was reduced, consistent with the loss of this vulnerable neuronal population. Increased in situ hybridization signal in CA1 stratum radiatum, stratum lacunosum-moleculare, and stratum oriens at 7 d after ischemia was correlated with the detection of torsinA immunoreactivity in interneurons and reactive astrocytes at 7 and 14 days. Sciatic nerve transection increased torsinA transcript levels between 24 h and 7 days in both ipsilateral and contralateral dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, increased torsinA immunoreactivity was localized to both ganglion cells and satellite cells in ipsilateral DRG but was restricted to satellite cells contralaterally. These results suggest that torsinA participates in the response of neural tissue to central and peripheral insults and its sustained up-regulation indicates that torsinA may contribute to remodeling of neuronal circuitry. The striking induction of torsinA in astrocytes and satellite cells points to the potential involvement of glial elements in the pathobiology of DYT1 dystonia. and
Reply to comment by L. D. Stott on “Anomalous radiocarbon ages for foraminifera shells”: A correction to the western tropical Pacific MD9821‐81 record

Ple a s e no t e: Ch a n g e s m a d e a s a r e s ul t of p u blishing p roc e s s e s s uc h a s copy-e di ting, for m a t ting a n d p a g e n u m b e r s m ay no t b e r eflec t e d in t his ve r sion. For t h e d efini tive ve r sion of t his p u blica tion, ple a s e r efe r to t h e p u blish e d sou rc e . You a r e a dvis e d to cons ul t t h e p u blish e r’s ve r sion if you wis h to ci t e t his p a p er.
Mapping groundwater potential in Kitui District, Kenya using geospatial technologies

Kitui district is a semi-arid region characterized by erratic and unreliable rainfall. Despite this, the main economic activity is rain-fed agriculture, with irrigation agriculture taking place on small parcels adjoining riparian reserves. During the dry season, local people travel long distances in search of water, necessitating groundwater potential mapping to support exploitation and complementing other water sources in the district. In this study geospatial technologies are used to identify and map groundwater potential zones using climate, geophysical and geological data. These datasets were appropriately weighted in a modified DRASTIC based overlay scheme. Land-cover data was derived from landsat imagery classification, with lineament density obtained from the same satellite products. A groundwater potential zones map was generated which showed that the central and eastern regions of Kitui district are the most suitable for groundwater exploitation. Existing water points (which were not considered in the study) are situated in this region, hence validating the study.
Safety profile of robotic-assisted transperineal MRI-US-fusion guided biopsy of the prostate

Introduction Robotic-assisted transperineal MRI-US-fusion guided biopsy of the prostate is a novel and highly accurate procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the MonaLisa prostate biopsy system in terms of safety, tolerability, and patient-related outcomes. Methods This prospective study included 228 patients, who had undergone Robotic-assisted transperineal MRI-US-fusion guided biopsy of the prostate at the University Hospital Basel between January 2020 and June 2022. Peri-operative side effects, functional outcomes and patient satisfaction were assessed. Results Mean pain score on the day of biopsy was 1.3 points on VAS, which remained constant on the day after biopsy. Overall, 32 of 228 patients (14%) developed grade I complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification. No higher-grade complications occurred. Gross haematuria, hematospermia and acute urinary retention occurred in 145/228 (63.6%), 98/228 (43%) and 32/228 (14%) patients, respectively. One patient (0.4%) developed urinary tract infection. Conclusions Robotic-assisted transperineal MRI-US-fusion guided biopsy of the prostate performed under general anesthesia is a safe and well tolerated procedure. This technique allows to omit perioperative prophylaxis and at the same time minimizes the risk of infectious complications. We attribute the favorable risk profile and tolerability to the minimal invasive approach via two entry points.
Dynamic programming applications in water resources

The central intention of this survey is to review dynamic programming models for water resource problems and to examine computational techniques which have been used to obtain solutions to these problems. Problem areas surveyed here include aqueduct design, irrigation system control, project development, water quality maintenance, and reservoir operations analysis. Computational considerations impose severe limitation on the scale of dynamic programming problems which can be solved. Inventive numerical techniques for implementing dynamic programming have been applied to water resource problems. Discrete dynamic programming, differential dynamic programming, state incremental dynamic programming, and Howard's policy iteration method are among the techniques reviewed. Attempts have been made to delineate the successful applications, and speculative ideas are offered toward attacking problems which have not been solved satisfactorily.
Toward a theory for step pools in stream channels

Over the past 10 to 15 years there has been a surge in interest in step-pool streams in fluvial geomorphological research. This reflects recognition of the geomorphic significance of step pools in high-gradient channels, and a growing interest in rivers in mountainous regions in general. This paper synthesizes the recent literature on step pools, with particular reference to theory construction and progress made over the past decade and a half. Four groups of contributions are identified. The first focuses on understanding morphological relations in order to seek causal mechanisms. The second emphasizes processes that result from the step-pool configuration. The third is a group of integrative studies that seek broader explanations for step-pool sequences. The fourth and growing body of literature applies what has been learned about step pools toward managing and restoring steep channels. We conclude by highlighting some future possible research directions toward gaining a complete explanation for step pools in stream channels.
Striatal µ-Opioid Receptor Activation Triggers Direct-Pathway GABAergic Plasticity to Induce Negative Affect

Withdrawal from chronic opioid use often causes hypodopaminergic states and negative affect, which drives relapse. Direct-pathway medium spiny neurons (dMSNs) in the striatal patch compartment contain high levels of µ-opioid receptors (MORs). It remains unclear how chronic opioid exposure affects these MOR-expressing dMSNs and their striatopallidal and striatonigral outputs to induce negative emotions and relapse. Here, we report that MOR activation acutely suppressed GABAergic striatopallidal transmission in habenula-projecting globus pallidus neurons. Notably, repeated administrations of a MOR agonist (morphine or fentanyl) potentiated this GABAergic transmission. We also discovered that intravenous self-administration of fentanyl enhanced GABAergic striatonigral transmission and reduced the firing activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Importantly, fentanyl withdrawal caused depression-like behaviors and promoted the reinstatement of fentanyl-seeking behaviors. These data suggest that chronic opioid use triggers GABAergic striatopallidal and striatonigral plasticity to induce a hypodopaminergic state, promoting negative emotions and leading to relapse. Highlights Repeated administration of morphine potentiates IPSCdMSN◊GPh neurotransmission. Repeated administration of fentanyl potentiates IPSCdMSN◊SNc neurotransmission. Fentanyl withdrawal induces negative emotional states, which drive relapse.
An object‐oriented methodology to detect oil spills

A new automated methodology for oil spill detection is presented, by which full synthetic aperture radar (SAR) high‐resolution image scenes can be processed. The methodology relies on the object‐oriented approach and profits from image segmentation techniques to detected dark formations. The detection of dark formations is based on a threshold definition that is fully adaptive to local contrast and brightness of large image segments. For the detection process, two empirical formulas are developed that also permit the classification of oil spills according to their brightness. A fuzzy classification method is used to classify dark formations as oil spills or look‐alikes. Dark formations are not isolated and features of both dark areas and sea environment are considered. Various sea environments that affect oil spill shape and boundaries are grouped in two knowledge bases, used for the classification of dark formations. The accuracy of the method for the 12 SAR images used is 99.5% for the class of oil spills, and 98.8% for that of look‐alikes. Fresh oil spills, fresh spills affected by natural phenomena, oil spills without clear stripping, small linear oil spills, oil spills with broken parts and amorphous oil spills can be successfully detected.
Production of Glucaric Acid from a Synthetic Pathway in Recombinant Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT A synthetic pathway has been constructed for the production of glucuronic and glucaric acids from glucose in Escherichia coli. Coexpression of the genes encoding myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (Ino1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) from mice led to production of glucuronic acid through the intermediate myo-inositol. Glucuronic acid concentrations up to 0.3 g/liter were measured in the culture broth. The activity of MIOX was rate limiting, resulting in the accumulation of both myo-inositol and glucuronic acid as final products, in approximately equal concentrations. Inclusion of a third enzyme, uronate dehydrogenase (Udh) from Pseudomonas syringae, facilitated the conversion of glucuronic acid to glucaric acid. The activity of this recombinant enzyme was more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of Ino1 and MIOX and increased overall flux through the pathway such that glucaric acid concentrations in excess of 1 g/liter were observed. This represents a novel microbial system for the biological production of glucaric acid, a “top value-added chemical” from biomass.
Temperature dependence of the first pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus for solid materials at zero pressure: Application to MgO

[1] Because of the significance of the first pressure derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus (K′T,0) at temperature, T, and zero pressure, a thermodynamic model was developed to calculate K′T,0 and its temperature derivative ∂K′T,0/∂T. This model constructs a differential equation of K′T,0 with respect to temperature based on the well-known empirical linear relationship of the Anderson-Gruneisen parameter, δT, and the compression ratio, η. By solving this differential equation, we derived both K′T,0 and ∂K′T,0/∂T at a temperature, T, and zero pressure in terms of the known parameters of thermal expansivity, α, isobaric heat capacity, CP, and isothermal bulk modulus, KT at ambient pressure, and K′T at a reference temperature, T0, and ambient pressure. The reliability of this model was confirmed by comparing the modeled MgO results with previous data. This model will provide a powerful tool for determining the equation of state and the thermoelastic properties of solid materials at high temperatures and high pressures.
K-Ar AND Rb-Sr AGES OF BIOTITES FROM COLOMBIA, SOUTH AMERICA

The western part of the Guayana Shield s at least as old as 1200 m.y. where it is exposed in the Guaviare River valley in Colombia. Subsequent rogenic events west of the Shield area include the evelopment of the Macarena Mountains, which reflect nearby basement age values ranging from 445 to 495 m.y. , and the development of a north-south arch in Northern Colombia, uplifted and folded in Cretaceous and Tertiary times, agreeing with an age value of 110 m.y.
COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE I DIABETES By

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a common chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia as a cardinal biochemical feature caused by deficiency of insulin secretion due to pancreatic β-cell damage. T1DM is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder of childhood and adolescence, with important consequences on physical and emotional development. There is increasing agreement that children with T1DM are at higher risk of developing slight cognitive disabilities compared to healthy age-matched peers. Objectives: To quantify the magnitude and pattern of cognitive difficulties in pediatric type 1 diabetes as well as the effects associated with earlier disease onset and longer duration of diabetes. Research design and methods: This is a case-control study. The study was conducted over a period from November 2016 to November 2018. Our study included fifty patients with T1DM matched with age and gender of fifty apparently healthy controls. All cases were subjected to history, clinical examination, investigations and cognitive functions which assessed by Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS), Intelligence Quotient (IQ) test and Pediatric Symptoms Checklist (PSC). Results: The present study shows high significant differences between patients and control groups as regard to IQ, Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) and Pediatric Symptoms Checklist (PSC). The best cut off point for IQ to detect cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients was found ≤ 83 with sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 86% and area under curve (AUC) of 91.4. The best cut off point for 3MS to detect cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients was found ≤ 27 with sensitivity of 58%, specificity of 76% and AUC of 74.4. Finally the best cut off point for PSC to detect cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients was found ≤ 42 with sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 92% and AUC of 96.1%. The PSC was found the better predictor of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes with area under curve (AUC) 96.1% followed by IQ with AUC of 91.4% and lastly the 3MS with AUC of 74.4%. COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE I DIABETES Ahmed Awad Eldamom, Ali Abd-Ellatif Afia, Ali Abdul Fattah Alnabawy, Abdelsattar Abdullah Elsayeh, Nabil Fathy Esmael 561 Conclusion: From our study we concluded that diabetic children have lower cognitive performance than nondiabetic and those cognitive dysfunction increased in diabetic patient with disease duration >5 years and in those with poor glycemic control.
Eddy-advective effects on the temperature and wind speed of the sea surface in the Northwest Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent area from satellite observations

In this study, satellite microwave and altimeter data from 1998 to 2007 are used to quantify the eddy-induced meridional heat advection (EMHA) in the Northwest Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent area. Generally, from March to May, the robust EMHA is formed at the point where meridional currents of eddies cross a zonal front of climatological background sea surface temperature (SST). The EMHA shifts westwards with eddies and varies seasonally with the SST front. It warms (cools) the sea surface west of anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies, inducing noticeable SST anomalies (SSTAs), which are westwardly phase shifted from the eddy-induced sea surface height anomalies by about 90°. Surface wind subsequently varies with the induced SSTAs: it blows faster (slower) over the warm (cold) SST regions than the surroundings. The spatial variations of SST and sea surface wind due to the EMHA shift westwards with eddy motion. These findings from satellite observations give us the possibility of studying the role of oceanic eddies in ocean–atmosphere interaction at the timescale of weather systems in an open ocean.
The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior

Dr. Goodall crowns her first quarter-century with the chimpanzees of Gombe by giving a comprehensive, up-to-date account of her work, a grand synthesis of animal behavior that presents a vast amount of information about man's nearest phylogenetic relative. 336 black-and-white, 23 color halftones. Illustrations.
Negative impacts of unreported COPD exacerbations on health-related quality of life at one year

Authors’ affiliations: 1. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 2. Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada. 3. Child and Family Research institute, Children’s and Women’s Health Center, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 4. Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Large scale ocean circulation from the GRACE GGM01 Geoid

The GRACE Gravity Model 01 (GGM01), computed from 111 days of GRACE K‐band ranging (KBR) data, is differenced from a global mean sea surface (MSS) computed from a decade of satellite altimetry to determine a mean dynamic ocean topography (DOT). As a test of the GGM01 gravity model, large‐scale zonal and meridional surface geostrophic currents are computed from the topography and are compared with those derived from a mean hydrographic surface. Reduction in residual RMS between the two by 30–60% (and increased correlation) indicates that the GGM01 geoid represents a dramatic improvement over older geoid models, which were developed from multiple satellite tracking data, altimetry, and surface gravity measurements. For the first time, all major current systems are clearly observed in the DOT from space‐based measurements.
Pre-operational monitor system of large inland lake water quality with MODIS imagery

EOS\MODIS data have been proved a suitable and relative low-cost complementary tool to monitor large inland lake water quality for its re-visit frequency, moderate spatial and spectral resolution and appropriate channels designed for inversing water quality parameters. In this study, by the support of hi-tech research and development program of China, Lake water quality remote monitoring pre-operational system (LWQRMPS) was constructed aimed for practical monitoring of Taihu Lake water quality. The main water quality parameters including Chl-a and SPM, TN and TP inversion algorithm were developed. These parameters were obtained every month from time series fusion satellite data. With the routine trophic state evaluation system, the water quality was assessed every month based on the above retrieved MODIS water quality parameters, varied level of eutrophic area was computed. The obvious high reflectance in near-infrared spectrum caused by blue-green algal bloom support the application of 250m MODIS data in the algal bloom emergency monitor. Therefore, MODIS data were utilized successfully for inversing water quality parameters, evaluating eutrophication status, and detecting algal bloom in near real time. Standard thematic maps were produced and distributed to corresponding management departments. The accuracy of products and retrieve algorithm for operational use were tested with separate data sets. The result suggested that system is good enough for practical monitoring water quality of large size lakes and acquired identification.
Effects of lipoprotein lipase and statins on cholesterol uptake into heart and skeletal muscles⃞ Published, JLR Papers in Press, December 22, 2006.

Regulation of cholesterol metabolism in cultured cells and in the liver is dependent on actions of the LDL receptor. However, nonhepatic tissues have multiple pathways of cholesterol uptake. One possible pathway is mediated by LPL, an enzyme that primarily hydrolyzes plasma triglyceride into fatty acids. In this study, LDL uptake and tissue cholesterol levels in heart and skeletal muscle of wild-type and transgenic mice with alterations in LPL expression were assessed. Overexpression of a myocyte-anchored form of LPL in heart muscle led to increased uptake of LDL and greater heart cholesterol levels. Loss of LDL receptors did not alter LDL uptake into heart or skeletal muscle. To induce LDL receptors, mice were treated with simvastatin. Statin treatment increased LDL receptor expression and LDL uptake by liver and skeletal muscle but not heart muscle. Plasma creatinine phosphokinase as well as muscle mitochondria, cholesterol, and lipid droplet levels were increased in statin-treated mice overexpressing LPL in skeletal muscle. Thus, pathways affecting cholesterol balance in heart and skeletal muscle differ.
Improved model for dielectric behavior of moist saline soil

This paper introduces a new amendment dielectric model in the microwave band concerning the principle of soil science which can also give the information about soil texture and variety of soluble salt ions, and points out some errors of original model at the same time. The new model is confirmed suitable for saline soil with different levels of moisture and salinity soil samples prepared in lab. Based on the research on the dielectric properties of saline and alkali soils, this paper also brings forward the feasibility of separating them. Contrasts to the classic dielectric models of soil, all the parameters of the improved model have their physical meanings, and the procedures avoid neglecting principle of soil science and optimization blindly. So the parameters can give us more information about moist saline soil. This study sums up dielectric properties of moist soil, and adds salt-affected factor. Thus we can describe dielectric behavior of moist saline soil more precisely. In further research it pays attention to the relationship between dielectric properties and backscattering coefficients or polarimetric information extracted from radar image.