Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Cyanobacterium Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in Buffalo Feeding: Effect on Mozzarella Cheese Quality

The high demand for PDO buffalo mozzarella cheese is leading to the use of new strategies for feeding supplementation. Spirulina is acknowledged as a valuable source of protein with antioxidant and immune-modulatory effects in humans and animals. This investigation aimed to examine the effect of Spirulina integration in buffalo diets on mozzarella cheese quality, sensory profile, consumer acceptability, and willingness to pay (WTP). The trial was carried out on two groups of 12 buffaloes that differed in Spirulina integration: 50 g/head/d before calving (1 month) and 100 g/head/d after calving (2 months). Both the bulk milk and mozzarella cheese samples from the two groups did not differ in chemical composition. However, Spirulina inclusion influenced the sensory quality of mozzarella cheese, which resulted it being externally brighter, with a higher butter odour and whey flavour and greater sweetness, bitterness, juiciness, tenderness, oiliness, and buttermilk release than the control. The consumer test showed that information about Spirulina affected consumer liking, causing them to be in favour of the Spirulina group, leading to a higher price for it. In conclusion, Spirulina inclusion in buffalo diets affected the sensory quality of mozzarella cheese. The provision of product information to consumers can be a crucial factor in determining their liking and WTP.
La rinoglotofilia y el gruñido de afirmación: una tendencia universal

Aumentando una lista preliminar (Parker 1996), presento un corpus de 705 palabras que significan ‘sí’ tomadas de 582 lenguas habladas en 74 países. Basándome en todos estos datos, postulo una plantilla universal básica o fom1a canónica de este vocablo que tiene el patrón /he? e/. En la discusión que sigue, propongo una explicación formal y funcional de este fenón1eno a raíz del concepto de un gesto articulatorio mínimo.
Examining the perceptions of teacher candidates’ participating in a state-funded “Grow your own” initiative and exploring strategies that will retain them

ABSTRACT This article addresses a familiar topic, teaching shortages across the United States. To situate our study, we explore the impact that Grow Your Own (GYO) programs are making across K-12 schools and within communities in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States. Then, we share the perceptions of teacher candidates who participated in a GYO effort at our public university. Findings suggest that academic, social, and professional opportunities, as well as community engagement, such as field trips to educational settings in the area, were key to candidates’ wanting to remain in the program. Implications specific to diversifying the teacher pipeline are also discussed.
Clinically Informed Automated Assessment of Finger Tapping Videos in Parkinson’s Disease

The utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for assessing motor performance in Parkinson’s Disease (PD) offers substantial potential, particularly if the results can be integrated into clinical decision-making processes. However, the precise quantification of PD symptoms remains a persistent challenge. The current standard Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and its variations serve as the primary clinical tools for evaluating motor symptoms in PD, but are time-intensive and prone to inter-rater variability. Recent work has applied data-driven machine learning techniques to analyze videos of PD patients performing motor tasks, such as finger tapping, a UPDRS task to assess bradykinesia. However, these methods often use abstract features that are not closely related to clinical experience. In this paper, we introduce a customized machine learning approach for the automated scoring of UPDRS bradykinesia using single-view RGB videos of finger tapping, based on the extraction of detailed features that rigorously conform to the established UPDRS guidelines. We applied the method to 75 videos from 50 PD patients collected in both a laboratory and a realistic clinic environment. The classification performance agreed well with expert assessors, and the features selected by the Decision Tree aligned with clinical knowledge. Our proposed framework was designed to remain relevant amid ongoing patient recruitment and technological progress. The proposed approach incorporates features that closely resonate with clinical reasoning and shows promise for clinical implementation in the foreseeable future.
Characteristics of AKR sources; A statistical description

A description of plasma properties within the sources of the Auroral Kilometric Radiation (AKR) is given. It is based on data collected during {approximately} 50 AKR source crossings in the altitude range between 4,000 and 9,000 km by the Swedish spacecraft Viking. The following results are obtained; (i) the frequency of the lowest frequency peak of the AKR f{sub peak} is found to be very close to f{sub ce}, the electron gyrofrequency ((f{sub peak}-f{sub ce})/f{sub ce} {le} 0.08), on the average, (ii) the lower cutoff frequency f{sub LC} is on the average at f{sub ce} ((f{sub LC}-f{sub ce})/f{sub ce} {approx equal} 0), (iii) in the sources the density is typically less than 1.5 cm{sup {minus}3}, which is of the order of the density of hot electrons and (iv) the source is located within an acceleration region, as evidenced by electrons accelerated above and ions accelerated below.
Study Models of Drug–Drug Interactions Involving P-Glycoprotein: The Potential Benefit of P-Glycoprotein Modulation at the Kidney and Intestinal Levels

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a crucial membrane transporter situated on the cell’s apical surface, being responsible for eliminating xenobiotics and endobiotics. P-gp modulators are compounds that can directly or indirectly affect this protein, leading to changes in its expression and function. These modulators can act as inhibitors, inducers, or activators, potentially causing drug–drug interactions (DDIs). This comprehensive review explores diverse models and techniques used to assess drug-induced P-gp modulation. We cover several approaches, including in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo methods, with their respective strengths and limitations. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic implications of DDIs involving P-gp, with a special focus on the renal and intestinal elimination of P-gp substrates. This involves enhancing the removal of toxic substances from proximal tubular epithelial cells into the urine or increasing the transport of compounds from enterocytes into the intestinal lumen, thereby facilitating their excretion in the feces. A better understanding of these interactions, and of the distinct techniques applied for their study, will be of utmost importance for optimizing drug therapy, consequently minimizing drug-induced adverse and toxic effects.
ESTATÍSTICA MULTIVARIADA E ANÁLISE DE CONTRASTES ORTOGONAIS APLICADAS EM VARIÁVEIS DIMENSIONAIS DE BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS.

ESTATISTICA MULTIVARIADA E ANALISE DE CONTRASTES ORTOGONAIS APLICADAS EM VARIAVEIS DIMENSIONAIS DE BACIAS HIDROGRAFICAS. BRUNA SOARES XAVIER DE BARROS 1 ; ZACARIAS XAVIER DE BARROS 2 E RONALDO ALBERTO POLLO 3 . 1 Pos Doutoranda em Agronomia, Energia na Agricultura, FCA, UNESP, Botucatu, SP. 2 Professor Titular, Dep. de Engenharia Rural, FCA, UNESP, Botucatu, SP. 3 Doutorando em Agronomia, Energia na Agricultura, FCA, UNESP, Botucatu,SP. 1 RESUMO No presente estudo aplicou-se estatistica multivariada e analise de contrastes ortogonais entre medias (teste “t”) a variaveis dimensionais de bacias hidrograficas de terceira ordem de ramificacao, obtidas por imagens aereas nao orbitais, pertencentes ao municipio de Itobi-SP, com objetivo de agrupar bacias segundo graus de similaridade, bem como detectar a representabilidade da distribuicao espacial dos agrupamentos e atraves do teste “t” verificar os contrastes ortogonais entre os solos envolvidos em relacao ao Mapa Pedologico do Estado de Sao Paulo de 1999. Foram utilizadas fotografias aereas verticais, escala nominal aproximada 1:30000; cartas planialtimetricas, escala 1:50000 (IBGE-1973), como base cartografica e o mapa de solos do estado de Sao Paulo. Neste trabalho foram estudadas 16 bacias hidrograficas, distribuidas por todo o municipio, o qual apresenta dois solos predominantes, quais sejam: Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (PVA) e Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA). As variaveis dimensionais, submetidas a analise de agrupamento, discriminaram 60% das bacias consideradas para a unidade de solo PVA e 50% das bacias correspondentes ao LVA. Palavras-chaves: bacias hidrograficas, analise multivariada, teste “t”. BARROS, B.S.X. de; BARROS, Z.X. de; POLLO, R.A. MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS AND ANALYSIS OF ORTHOGONAL CONTRASTS APPLIED TO DIMENSIONAL VARIABLES OF WATERSHEDS 2 ABSTRACT In the present study, the multivariate statistics and analysis of orthogonal contrasts among means (T test) were applied to dimensional variables in third order watersheds. They were obtained by non-orbital aerial images in the Itobi city-SP, aiming at grouping watersheds of second degree of similarity, as well as detecting how representative the spatial distribution of groups is. Moreover, the orthogonal contrasts among the soils involved, regarding the Soil Map of Sao Paulo State from 1999, were verified by the Student´s t test. Vertical aerial photographs, 1:30000 approximate nominal scale; plani altimetric maps in 1:50000 scale (IBGE-1973) were used as cartographic basis as well as the soil maps of Sao Paulo state. A total of 16 watersheds distributed throughout the city were studied. The city has two predominant types of soil as follows: Alfisol and Oxisol. The dimensional variables subjected to grouping analysis discriminated 60% and 50% of watersheds considered for the Alfisol soil and Oxisol soil, respectively. Keywords: watersheds, multivariate analysis, Student T test
Aluminum Concentrations in Male and Female Football Players during the Season

Aluminum (Al) is one of the most abundant trace mineral elements in the earth’s crust. Al is considered a potent neurotoxicant. Physical exercise could cause modifications in some trace mineral elements. On the other hand, there could be sex differences in the exposure and deposits of toxic mineral elements. The aim of the present study was to compare sex and seasonal differences in extracellular and intracellular Al concentrations in football players. The study involved 22 male and 24 female football players from the fifth and second national category, respectively. Three assessments were carried out during the season (beginning, middle and end). Al concentrations in plasma, urine, erythrocytes and platelets were determined. Male football players ingested more Al (p < 0.05). Higher plasma Al concentrations were reported in male football players (p < 0.01). On the other hand, in both groups, increases and decreases in Al in the plasma and urine were observed in the second and third assessment, respectively (p < 0.01). There were sex differences in platelet Al concentrations (p < 0.05). Plasma and platelet Al concentrations may be different between the sexes. Al concentrations may change over the course of a season in football players.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF YELLOWFIN AND BIGEYE TUNA ASSOCIATED WITH FISH AGGREGATING DEVICES

vertical movements of yellowfin tuna Thunnue albaecrns and bigeye tuna T. o k w captured near fish-aggrc gating devices (FADs) were determined using pressuresensitive ultrasonic transmitters. The movements of these FAD-associated fish were compared with the tracks of yellowfin tuna not associated with FADs. Tracks from 11 yellowfin and 4 bigeye tuna were obtained; these included 23 complete 24-hour periods of observation. Whether associated with FADs or a 40-fathom (75-m) reef dropoff, most yellowh and bigeye tunas exhibited similar diurnal patterns. The fish tended to remain tightly associated with FADs or the reef dropoff during the day, move away at night, and return the next morning. The maximum range of these nighttime excursions averaged approximately 5 nmi. These tunas apparently treated the FADs as outliers of the coastal topopphy. This may not be the same behavior that results in the association of these species with drifting objects such as logs. Tuna can learn FAD positions and navigate precisely between FADs that are at least 10 nmi apart. When not ~ssociated with FADs or the 40-fathom dropoff, yellowfin tuna oriented to the bottom of the mixed layer (50-90 m) in daytime, whereas the bigeye occupied depths between 190 and 250 m. The daytime distribution of bigeye tuna seemed to be influenced by the depth of the 15OC isotherm. Both species swam closer to the surface at night. Swimming strategies possibly associated with energy and thennoconservation were observed.
Cytokine Profile in Lung Cancer Patients: Anti-Tumor and Oncogenic Cytokines

Simple Summary Lung cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Cytokines are small proteins that carry messages between cells and are known to play an important role in the body’s response to inflammation and infection. Cytokines are important for immunity in lung cancer. The immune system relies heavily on cytokines which can also be produced in the laboratory for therapeutic use. Cytokine therapy helps the immune system to stop the growth or kill cancer cells including lung cancer cells. High doses of cytokines are required to induce a beneficial response in cancer patients, but doing so leads to many problems, including their short lifespan and toxicity. New technologies are being developed to help improve the targeting of cytokines and alter their side effects. Abstract Lung cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (ICI) has emerged as a new treatment. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TMJ) or the immune system surrounding the tumor is needed. Cytokines are small proteins that carry messages between cells and are known to play an important role in the body’s response to inflammation and infection. Cytokines are important for immunity in lung cancer. They promote tumor growth (oncogenic cytokines) or inhibit tumor growth (anti-tumour cytokines) by controlling signaling pathways for growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. The immune system relies heavily on cytokines. They can also be produced in the laboratory for therapeutic use. Cytokine therapy helps the immune system to stop the growth or kill cancer cells. Interleukins and interferons are the two types of cytokines used to treat cancer. This article begins by addressing the role of the TMJ and its components in lung cancer. This review also highlights the functions of various cytokines such as interleukins (IL), transforming growth factor (TGF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Integrated Geomatics and Remote Sensing Analysis of Forest Fire Propagation and Land Cover Change in Berkane, Morocco

By combining geomatics techniques and remote sensing data, this paper gives a thorough investigation of the for - est fires that occurred close to Berkane, Morocco, from July 16 to July 18, 2023. The goals of the study included spatiotemporally tracking the propagation of active forest fires during the fire season, and to accurately map the burned area and detect changes in vegetation cover caused by the fire. A detailed fire severity mapping of the impact of the fire on the forest was made by this integrated approach. We used remote sensing data from various sources, including NASA FIRMS data for the fire period and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery acquired two days before and one day after the fire, to accomplish these goals. In terms of estimating the burned area, our study produced im - portant findings. We were able to estimate 3508.12 hectares, 3517.98 hectares, and 3113.63 hectares using satellite imagery with dNBR, dNDVI, and supervised classification, respectively. These results offer considerable potential for directing post-fire management plans and preserving this critically important forest area. The integration of FIRMS data, Sentinel-2 images, and GIS in our research highlights the need of using this coordinated strategy to conduct an accurate and thorough evaluation of forest fires in the area. In addition to improving our understand - ing of forest fire dynamics, this study emphasizes the value of using cutting-edge geospatial and remote sensing techniques in attempts to manage wildfires and save the environment. The findings of this study will contribute significantly to guiding post-fire management strategies, thus promoting the conservation of the vital forest area.
A content-based metric for social media influencer marketing

PurposeThe study aims to propose an instrument for measuring product-centeredness (i.e. the extent to which comment content is related to a product) using word embedding techniques as well as explore its determinants.Design/methodology/approachThe study collected branded posts from 205 Instagram influencers and empirically examined how four factors (i.e. authenticity, vividness, coolness and influencer–product congruence) influence the content of the comments on branded posts.FindingsPost authenticity and congruence are shown to have positive effects on product-centeredness. The interaction between coolness and authenticity is also significant. The number of comments or likes on branded posts is not correlated with product-centeredness.Originality/valueIn social media influencer marketing, volume-based metrics such as the numbers of likes and comments have been researched and applied extensively. However, content-based metrics are urgently needed, as fans may ignore brands and focus on influencers. The proposed instrument for assessing comment content enables marketers to construct content-based metrics. Additionally, the authors' findings enhance the understanding of social media users' engagement behaviors.
Local Interactions in the HMAX Model for Robust Object Classification

In this work, a new computational approach for robust object classiﬁcation, which is based on the HMAX model of Serre [14] is introduced. The HMAX model has a feed-forward structure from Image to S1, C1, S2 and C2 levels, which presents the ventral pathway of object recognition in human visual cortex. In the new HMAX+ model, we extend the structure by considering a new level (Interacted S1) between S1 and C1, which consists of interactions among elements of S1. Two linear operators, a spatial (T1) and an orienting one (T2), are introduced. Results of these interaction are shown on several image samples. Performance test was performed on a data set of pedestrian using a Linear Discriminant Analysis classiﬁer. Interaction T1 and its sequences better results than the original, and the interaction sequence T1-T2-T1 provides the smallest classiﬁcation error.
A Process-Oriented Framework for Robot Imitation Learning in Human-Centered Interactive Tasks

Human-centered interactive robot tasks (e.g., social greetings and cooperative dressing) are a type of task where humans are involved in task dynamics and performance evaluation. Such tasks require spatial and temporal coordination between agents in real-time, tackling physical limitations from constrained robot bodies, and connecting human user experience with concrete learning objectives to inform algorithm design. To solve these challenges, imitation learning has become a popular approach where by a robot learns to perform a task by imitating how human experts do it (i.e., expert policies). However, previous works tend to isolate the algorithm design from the design of the whole learning pipeline, neglecting its connection with other modules inside the process (like data collection and user-centered subjective evaluation) from the view as a system. Going beyond traditional imitation learning, this work reexamines robot imitation learning in human-centered interactive tasks from the perspective of the whole learning pipeline, ranging from data collection to subjective evaluation. We present a process-oriented framework that consists of a guideline to collect diverse yet representative demonstrations and an interpreter to explain subjective user-centered performance with objective robot-related parameters. We illustrate the steps covered by the framework in a fist-bump greeting task as demonstrative deployment. Results show that our framework is able to identify representative human-centered features to instruct demonstration collection and validate influential robot-centered factors to interpret the gap in subjective performance between the expert policy and the imitator policy.
The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review

Fibrinogen and homocysteine (HCY) are molecules known to play a role in vascular homeostasis, and their blood levels are often elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) may have a vascular origin. This has led many authors to advocate that fibrinogen, homocysteine, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may play a direct role in SSHL. The aim of this brief review is to examine the role and influence of these molecules and MetS on the mechanisms of SSHL. Elevated fibrinogen levels have been associated with a worse prognosis in SSHL, possibly due to increased blood viscosity and decreased blood flow. Similarly, HCY has been associated with vascular damage, particularly in hyperhomocysteinemia, although the exact association with SSHL remains controversial. MetS has been demonstrated to function both as a causative factor and as a contributor to poorer recovery in cases of SSHL. However, although some studies suggest a possible role for these biomarkers and MetS in the prognosis and treatment of SSHL, specific therapeutic and preventive strategies based solely on these factors have yet to be developed. Given their potential role in prognosis and treatment and the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome, this issue needs to be analyzed comprehensively. Thus, further quality studies need to be conducted, even though it is difficult to determine the actual impact of MetS on the development of SSHL, as it is a multifactorial disease affecting multiple organs.