Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In-situ surface coating via poly (vinylidene fluoride) crosslinking toward high performance FeS2 cathode

FeS2 is considered to be a promising conversion type cathode because of its high energy density (1671 Wh kg-1) and low cost (300 $ ton-1). However, the performance degradation induced by severe polysulfide dissolution and huge volume variation during the cycling hindered its further application. In this paper, we provide a new coating strategy, which involves Li2S4 trigging PVDF crosslinking (P-PVDF), to handle these drawbacks. The strengthened P-PVDF not only serves as a cage preventing the leakage of polysulfide but also acts as an elastic shell holding the big volume variation. When adding 10% Li2S4, using 3M LiTFSI-DOL/DME as the electrolyte, FeS2 cathode (6:3:1) realizes the best cycling performance. After 80 cycles, the capacity still remains 641 mAh g-1.
Cage-Embedded Crown-Type Dual Coil Wireless Power Transfer Based Microwave Brain Stimulation System for Untethered and Moving Mice

This study proposes a novel brain-stimulated mouse experiment system which is insensitive to the variations in the position and orientation of a mouse. This is achieved by the proposed novel crown-type dual coil system for magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT). In the detailed system architecture, the transmitter coil consists of a crown-type outer coil and a solenoid-type inner coil. The crown-type coil was constructed by repeating the rising and falling at an angle of 15$^{\circ }$ for each side which creates the H-field diverse direction. The solenoid-type inner coil creates a magnetic field distributed uniformly along the location. Therefore, despite using two coils for the Tx system, the system generates the H-field insensitive to the variations in the position and angle of the receiver system. The receiver is comprised of the receiving coil, rectifier, divider, LED indicator, and the MMIC that generates the microwave signal for stimulating the brain of the mouse. The system resonating at 2.84 MHz was simplified to easy fabrication by constructing 2 transmitter coils and 1 receiver coil. A peak PTE of 19.6% and a PDL of 1.93 W were achieved, and the system also achieved an operation time ratio of 89.55% in vivo experiments. As a result, it is confirmed that experiments could proceed for approximately 7 times longer through the proposed system compared to the conventional dual coil system.
No Permanent Friend or Enemy: Impacts of the IIoT-Based Platform in the Maintenance Service Market

As the industrial Internet-of-things (IIoT) is becoming increasingly valuable, manufacturers are eager to establish IIoT-based platforms for preventative maintenance (PM). These platforms reposition the roles of manufacturers and reshape the patterns of the after-sales service market. Manufacturers can adopt either the competitive strategy by introducing improved after-sales services to compete with independent maintenance, repair, and operations firms (MROs) or the “coopetitive” strategy by simultaneously opening the platform to these MROs. However, relevant research on this topic remains scarce. Hence, our study fills this gap by investigating a manufacturer’s decision for the IIoT-based platform and the subsequent relationship with an MRO. First, we find that even when the product value is relatively low and the IIoT adoption increases PM cost; interestingly, it is sometimes beneficial for the manufacturer to establish the platform. Next, we find that even if the royalty revenue is lower than the increased IIoT costs, the manufacturer may sometimes still adopt the coopetitive strategy of opening the platform. Moreover, with the opening of the platform, the manufacturer pays more technology investment, even in the competitive market. Furthermore, whenever the manufacturer opens the platform, the MRO can profit more by accessing the platform. Hence, there is sometimes a win-win equilibrium with the IIoT adoption. In addition, we find that the opening of the platform sometimes causes less customer surplus but generates more social welfare. Following the IIoT adoption, our findings offer insightful takeaways for the manufacturer’s decisions on the establishment and opening of the platform, the MRO’s reaction, and policymakers’ welfare policies. This paper was accepted by Jeannette Song, operations management. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71922009, 72188101, 71871080, and 72071057]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4733 .
High‐latitude circulation in giant planet magnetospheres

We follow‐up the proposal by Cowley et al. (2004) that the plasma circulation in the magnetospheres of the giant planets is a combination of two cycles or circulation systems. The Vasyliunas cycle transports heavy material ionized deep within the magnetosphere eventually to loss in the magnetotail. The second cycle is driven by magnetic reconnection between the planetary and the solar wind magnetic fields (the Dungey cycle) and is found on flux tubes poleward of those of the Vasyliunas cycle. We examine features of the Dungey system, particularly what occurs out of the equatorial plane. The Dungey cycle requires reconnection on the dayside, and we suggest that at the giant planets the dayside reconnection occurs preferentially in the morning sector. Second, we suggest that most of the solar wind material that enters through reconnection on to open flux tubes on the dayside never gets trapped on closed field lines but makes less than one circuit of the planet and exits down tail. In its passage to the nightside, the streaming ex‐solar wind material is accelerated centrifugally by the planetary rotation primarily along the field; thus, in the tail it will appear very like a planetary wind. The escaping wind will be found on the edges of the tail plasma sheet, and reports of light ion streams in the tail are likely due to this source. The paper concludes with a discussion of high‐latitude circulation in the absence of reconnection between the solar wind and planetary field.
An Introduction to Optimization on Smooth Manifolds

Optimization on Riemannian manifolds-the result of smooth geometry and optimization merging into one elegant modern framework-spans many areas of science and engineering, including machine learning, computer vision, signal processing, dynamical systems and scientific computing. This text introduces the differential geometry and Riemannian geometry concepts that will help students and researchers in applied mathematics, computer science and engineering gain a firm mathematical grounding to use these tools confidently in their research. Its charts-last approach will prove more intuitive from an optimizer's viewpoint, and all definitions and theorems are motivated to build time-tested optimization algorithms. Starting from first principles, the text goes on to cover current research on topics including worst-case complexity and geodesic convexity. Readers will appreciate the tricks of the trade for conducting research and for numerical implementations sprinkled throughout the book.
Parental Abuse of Children in Saudi Arabia: Nature, Prevalence and Effects

BackgroundThe physical abuse of children is a worldwide problem, which has received much attention in developed countries but remains less well-attended in developing and third-world nations.ObjectiveThe current study sought to determine the nature, prevalence and effects of physical abuse of children by parents in Saudi Arabia.Participants and settingThe participants included high school students in two Saudi cities together with parents of students from the same schools.MethodA semi-structured questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 768 of students and, in addition, interviews were conducted with 20 parents. Analysis of responses involved demographic patterns, weighted means of Likert scores, chi square analysis, and correlation and regression analyses.ResultsResults indicated that 37% of adolescents had been subjected to some form of physical violence by parents. The most common form of violence reported was being struck with an object other than a stick. A small but significant number of students were subject to burning, punching, or whipping, in some cases on a daily basis, and some reported having been scarred or hospitalised as a result of their injuries. No significant gender difference was found for types of physical abuse. However, a correlation was found between lower levels of parental education with the frequency of certain types of violent behaviour.ConclusionsThe study indicates that a high level parental physical violence persists in Saudi Arabia, including regular extreme forms that have severe health consequences. Recommendations are made for future research.
Effect of PCSK9 inhibition in combination with statin therapy on intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: A high-resolution MRI study

Introduction Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a common cause of stroke worldwide. Evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 inhibitor (PCSK9i), effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and produces favorable changes in coronary atherosclerosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of PCSK9i on intracranial plaques in moderate-intensity statin-treated individuals with ICAS. Methods This prospective, observational study monitored the imaging and clinical outcomes of individuals with ICAS who were consecutively treated with moderate-intensity statins with or without PCSK9i. Individuals underwent monthly visits and repeat high-resolution MRI (HR-MRI) at week 12. The primary outcome was a change in HR-MRI after 12 weeks of treatment and the secondary outcome was major vascular events during follow-up. Results Forty-nine individuals were studied (PCSK9i group: 26 individuals with 28 abnormal vascular regions; statin group: 23 with 27 regions). The PCSK9i group showed a significant reduction in the normalized wall index (0.83 vs. 0.86, p = 0.028) and stenosis degree (65.5 vs. 74.2%, p = 0.01). Similarly, a greater percentage of individuals with a good response to the efficacy of treatment were treated in the PCSK9i group than that in the statin group (75 vs. 44.4%, p = 0.021). The incidence of major vascular events was overall similar between the groups. The treatment options (OR = 8.441, p = 0.01) and prior diabetes (OR = 0.061, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with the efficacy of treatment. Discussion Statin and PCSK9i combination treatment stabilized intracranial atherosclerotic plaques more often compared to statins alone, as documented by HR-MRI. Further study is warranted to determine if combination treatment improves clinical outcomes in ICAS.
Leader-following consensus of a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems via dynamic output feedback control

This paper deals with the leader-following consensus problem for a class of multi-agent systems with nonlinear dynamics and directed communication topology. By introducing a novel distributed observer and employing the backstepping methodology, a distributed adaptive nonlinear control law is constructed using the relative output information between neighbouring agents. For any directed communication graph that contains a spanning tree with the root node being the leader agent, the proposed control law solves the leader-following consensus problem. Compared with the existing results, our proposed adaptive consensus protocol is in a distributed fashion and the nonlinear functions are not required to satisfy any globally Lipschitz growth or Lipschitz-like growth condition. A numerical example is given to illustrate the theoretical results.
Iterative-AMC: a novel model compression and structure optimization method in mechanical system safety monitoring

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, various fault diagnosis methods based on the deep neural networks have made great advances in mechanical system safety monitoring. To get the high accuracy for the fault diagnosis, researchers tend to adopt the deep network layers and amount of neurons or kernels in each layer. This results in a large redundancy and the structure uncertainty of the fault diagnosis networks. Moreover, it is hard to deploy these networks on the embedded platforms because of the large scales of the network parameters. This brings huge challenges to the practical application of the intelligent diagnosis algorithms. To solve the above problems, an iterative automatic machine compression method, named Iterative-AMC, is proposed in this paper. The proposed method aims to automatically compress and optimize the structure of the large-scale neural networks. Experiments are carried out based on two test benches. With the proposed Iterative-AMC method, the problems of the parameter redundancy and the structure uncertainty can be addressed. The scale of the original network can be greatly compressed, and the compressed fault diagnosis network is successfully deployed on a small-scale FPGA chip.
A search for linear alignments of gamma ray burst sources

Un vaisseau spatial propulse par l'annihilation matiere-antimatiere peut refleter le comportement des sources Rγ a sursauts. Une recherche a ete effectuee en vue de detecter les alignements lineaires des sursauts qui resulteraient de la propulsion le long de la trajectoire du vaisseau spatial, en utilisant les localisations et les spectres des sursauts observes par le reseau de detecteurs Rγ Interplanetary Network 1978-1980. Aucun alignement suspect n'a ete trouve
Numerical simulation of laminar flow past a circular cylinder with slip conditions

The no‐slip condition is an assumption that cannot be derived from first principles and a growing number of literatures replace the no‐slip condition with partial‐slip condition, or Navier‐slip condition. In this study, the influence of partial‐slip boundary conditions on the laminar flow properties past a circular cylinder was examined. Shallow‐water equations are solved by using the finite element method accommodating SU/PG scheme. Four Reynolds numbers (20, 40, 80, and 100) and six slip lengths were considered in the numerical simulation to investigate the effects of slip length and Reynolds number on characteristic parameters such as wall vorticity, drag coefficient, separation angle, wake length, velocity distributions on and behind the cylinder, lift coefficient, and Strouhal number. The simulation results revealed that as the slip length increases, the drag coefficient decreases since the frictional component of drag is reduced, and the shear layer developed along the cylinder surface tends to push the separation point away toward the rear stagnation point so that it has larger separation angle than that of the no‐slip condition. The length of the wake bubble zone was shortened by the combined effects of the reduced wall vorticity and wall shear stress which caused a shift of the reattachment point closer to the cylinder. The frequency of the asymmetrical vortex formation with partial slip velocity was increased due to the intrinsic inertial effect of the Navier‐slip condition. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement estimation network for flexibly enhancing low-light images via lighting level estimation

Abstract. Although existing methods have achieved impressive accomplishments in the field of low-light image enhancement, the phenomenon of overenhancement remains a challenge. To address this issue, a multiport output enhancement structure combined with multiloss functions supervision is designed to obtain multiple images with different enhancement intensity. Subsequently, an enhancement estimation module is proposed to flexibly select the most suitable enhancement image from these series of enhanced images, thereby reducing overexposure. To this end, the enhancement estimation network (EENet) for enhancing low-light images is introduced. The proposed EENet enhances low-illumination images with different brightness levels more perfectly because the phenomenon of overenhancement is reduced. For qualitative comparison, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances low-illumination images more naturally, especially for enhancing low-illumination images that have brighter illumination. For quantitative evaluation, the proposed method obtains the highest peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity on the public single image contrast enhancer dataset and reconstructed low-light* dataset compared with those listed methods. In addition, the EENet was proven to outperform state-of-the-art methods in dark image face detection, indicating that the EENet has great practical potential.
Abandoned farmland detection using single-year satellite images in Japan

Abstract. Mapping abandoned farmlands' location and spatial pattern is essential for rural planning. Monitoring small abandoned farmland based on dynamic farmland's phenology is challenging to due to conflict between spatial and temporal resolutions of conventional satellite missions. A unique approach that combines satellite constellation imagery with improved automatic radiometric normalization method for more temporally consistent reflectance were proposed. Applying it in Ami-town, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan, abandoned farmlands were identified with 3-m resolution and a Kappa coefficient of 0.81 based on satellite constellation-based time-series data; however, the discrimination of the degree of abandonment was challenging. Unlike conventional abandoned farmland mapping approaches which targets spatially large area, our approach provides information at small, fragmented and abandoned farmland in East Asia that enables labor-saving monitoring of land use shifts.
Sur la dimension cohomologique des pro-$p$-extensions des corps de nombres

In this paper, we study the cohomological dimen- sion of groups GS := Gal(KS/K), where KS is the maximal pro-p-extension of a number field K, unramified outside a finite set S of places of K. This dimension is well-understood only when S contains all places above p; in the case where only some of the places above p are contained in S, one can still obtain some results if KS/K contains at least one Zp-extension K1/K. Indeed, in that case, the study of the Zp((Gal(K1/K)))-module Gal(KS/K1) ab allows one to give sucient
The role of phytomelatonin receptor 1-mediated signaling in plant growth and stress response

Phytomelatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that regulates plant growth, development, and stress response. In plant cells, phytomelatonin is synthesized from tryptophan via several consecutive steps that are catalyzed by tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acyltransferase (SNAT), and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) and/or caffeic acid-3-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Recently, the identification of the phytomelatonin receptor PMTR1 in Arabidopsis has been considered a turning point in plant research, with the function and signal of phytomelatonin emerging as a receptor-based regulatory strategy. In addition, PMTR1 homologs have been identified in several plant species and have been found to regulate seed germination and seedling growth, stomatal closure, leaf senescence, and several stress responses. In this article, we review the recent evidence in our understanding of the PMTR1-mediated regulatory pathways in phytomelatonin signaling under environmental stimuli. Based on structural comparison of the melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) in human and PMTR1 homologs, we propose that the similarity in the three-dimensional structure of the melatonin receptors probably represents a convergent evolution of melatonin recognition in different species.
B[e] stars. II. MWC 349 A

We analyse spectroscopic CCD material obtained at the Haute Provence Observatory. We provide line identications and equivalent width measurements in the wavelength region 3700 8790 A. Over 300 emission features are identied and a comparison of our results with those of other authors is provided, as well as a table of all elements which have been identied in the spectrum of the object. The pattern of elements present is analogous to that of B-type stars, but some exceptions are noted, such as the absence of C, Al and Mn. We review the present knowledge of the spectrum variability of MWC 349 A. The observations indicate that the equivalent widths of the lines of many elements vary by factors of up to two. We also provide a list of diuse interstellar features observed. The latter lead to an average (B V ) excess of about two magnitudes, which is less than what is expected for an object having an interstellar extinction of 10 11 magnitudes.
Simultaneous Detection of Temperature, Strain, Refractive Index, and pH Based on a Phase-Shifted Long-Period Fiber Grating

A novel π-phase-shifted (PS) long-period fiber-grating (LPFG) sensor operating near the phase-matching turning point (PMTP) was proposed. The PS-LPFG sensor can simultaneously detect temperature, strain, refractive index (RI), and pH. Due to the introduction of π phase shift, the double resonance peak of the selected cladding mode was divided into four loss peaks, which is convenient for multiparameter measurement. By monitoring the resonant-wavelength shifts of four dips of PS-LPFG, simultaneous detection of temperature, strain, RI, and pH can be achieved. Moreover, using a simple LPFG design on one fiber and a multiparameter matrix algorithm, the crosstalk between multiple signals was eliminated. Graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (GO/PVA) hydrogel was coated onto the grating sensing area to measure the change in pH, and the sensitivity was higher than that of the same type of fiber-grating sensor. Results showed that the maximum sensitivity of temperature, strain, RI, and pH of the fabricated phase-shifted grating sensing structure were 0.2128 nm/°C, 0.1225 nm/μϵ, 718 nm/RIU, and -1.0166 nm/pH, respectively. Overall, the proposed sensor had great potential applications in monitoring marine environments and biochemistry sensing.