Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patient‐centered, evidence‐based, and cost‐conscious cancer care across the continuum: Translating the Institute of Medicine report into clinical practice

In 2013, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) concluded that cancer care in the United States is in crisis. Patients and their families are not receiving the information that they need to make informed decisions about their cancer care. Many patients do not have access to palliative care and too few are referred to hospice at the appropriate point in their disease trajectory. Simultaneously, there is a growing demand for cancer care with increases in new cancer diagnoses and the number of patients surviving cancer. Furthermore, there is a workforce shortage to care for this growing and elderly population. The IOM's report, Delivering High‐Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis, outlined recommendations to improve the quality of cancer care. This article provides an overview of the IOM report and highlights the recommendations that are most relevant to practicing clinicians who care for patients with cancer across the continuum. The implementation of the recommendations in clinical practice will require better patient‐clinician communication, improved care coordination, targeted clinician training, effective dissemination of evidence‐based guidelines and strategies for eliminating waste, and continuous quality assessment and improvement efforts. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:408–421. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
High-redshift quasar host galaxies with adaptive optics

Quasars form one of the most energetic phenomena in the universe, and can be traced out to very large redshifts. By studying the galaxies which host the active nuclei, important insights can be gained into the processes that trigger and maintain the quasar powerhouse. The evolution rate of the quasar population is furthermore similar to that of ordinary galaxies, which implies a connection between black hole accretion and star formation in the host galaxies. While the properties of quasar host galaxies at low redshift have become better constrained in recent years, less is known about hosts at earlier cosmic epochs. In addition, though radio-quiet quasars are by far more common than their radio-loud counterparts their host galaxies have not been studied to the same extent, in particular not at higher redshifts.An imaging campaign of a large sample of quasars at intermediate redshift (0.4 0.4 considerably. The morphology and mean magnitudes are found to be similar for radio-loud and radio-quiet host galaxies. Both types of host are shown to have optical colours as blue as those of present-day late-type spirals and starburst galaxies, which is likely the result of ongoing star formation.With increasing redshift, observations of host galaxies become more difficult. High spatial resolution can be achieved with adaptive optics, but the variation of the point spread function in the near-infrared wavelength band which is most suited for detection is large and rapid. A statistical approach to the problem of characterizing the point spread function has been developed, making use of simulated objects which are matched to the different atmospheric conditions. Bright, compact host galaxies showing signs of merging and interaction were detected in this way for three quasars at z~2.2, which were observed with the ESO 3.6 m telescope. The method is not restricted to host galaxy analysis but can be utilized in other applications as well, provided that the underlying extended source can be described by an analytical model.
Morbidity and mortality of women and men with intellectual and developmental disabilities newly initiating antipsychotic drugs

Background While up to 45% of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have a comorbid psychiatric disorder, and antipsychotics are commonly prescribed, gender differences in the safety of antipsychotics have rarely been studied in this population. Aims To compare men and women with IDD on medical outcomes after antipsychotic initiation. Method Our population-based study in Ontario, Canada, compared 1457 women and 1951 men with IDD newly initiating antipsychotic medication on risk for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke and death, with up to 4 years of follow-up. Results Women were older and more medically complex at baseline. Women had higher risks for venous thromboembolism (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15–2.59) and death (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.02–2.10) in crude analyses; but only thromboembolism risk was greater for women after covariate adjustment (aHR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.38). Conclusions Gender should be considered in decision-making around antipsychotic medications for individuals with IDD.
Joint Empirical Mode Decomposition and Sparse Binary Programming for Underlying Trend Extraction

This paper presents a novel methodology for extracting the underlying trends of signals via a joint empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and sparse binary programming approach. The EMD is applied to the signals and the corresponding intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are obtained. The underlying trends of the signals are obtained by the sums of the IMFs where these IMFs are either selected or discarded. The total number of the selected IMFs is minimized subject to a specification on the maximum absolute differences between the denoised signals (signals obtained by discarding the first IMFs) and the underlying trends. Since the total number of the selected IMFs is minimized, the obtained solutions are sparse and only few IMFs are selected. The selected IMFs correspond to the components of the underlying trend of the signals. On the other hand, the L∞ norm specification guarantees that the maximum absolute differences between the underlying trends and the denoised signals are bounded by an acceptable level. This forces the underlying trends to follow the global changes of the signals. As the IMFs are either selected or discarded, the coefficients are either zero or one. This problem is actually a sparse binary programming problem with an L0 norm objective function subject to an L∞ norm constraint. Nevertheless, the problem is nonconvex, nonsmooth, and NP hard. It requires an exhaustive search for solving the problem. However, the required computational effort is too heavy to be implemented practically. To address these difficulties, we approximate the L0 norm objective function by the L1 norm objective function, and the solution of the sparse binary programming problem is obtained by applying the zero and one quantization to the solution of the corresponding continuous-valued L1 norm optimization problem. Since the isometry condition is satisfied and the number of the IMFs is small for most of practical signals, this approximation is valid and verified via our experiments conducted on practical data. As the L1 norm optimization problem can be reformulated as a linear programming problem and many efficient algorithms such as simplex or interior point methods can be applied for solving the linear programming problem, our proposed method can be implemented in real time. Also, unlike previously reported techniques that require precursor models or parameter specifications, our proposed adaptive method does not make any assumption on the characteristics of the original signals. Hence, it can be applied to extract the underlying trends of more general signals. The results show that our proposed method outperforms existing EMD, classical lowpass filtering and the wavelet methods in terms of the efficacy.
An HIV vaccine--evolving concepts.

Classic preventive vaccines are designed to mimic the effects of natural exposure to microbes. They provide a high level of long-lasting protection against infection in the vast majority of recipients and serve as freestanding preventive measures. Although a classic preventive vaccine remains the ultimate goal of efforts to develop a vaccine for protection against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the enormous genetic diversity and other unique features of the HIV envelope protein have thus far thwarted attempts to identify an effective candidate. However, we have learned from studies of HIV pathogenesis in humans and from animal models that a vaccine that induces strong T-cell–mediated immune responses in the absence of broadly neutralizing antibodies may prove beneficial even if infection is not completely prevented. Vaccine-induced T-cell responses may blunt initial viremia and prevent the early and massive destruction of memory CD4+ T cells that help control infection and prolong disease-free survival. Furthermore, secondary transmission may also be reduced if the vaccine helps to control viral replication; efficiency of transmission is directly related to plasma virus levels. T-cell vaccines represent uncharted territory, and their use may have outcomes that challenge researchers and regulators alike. If proven successful, a disease-modifying HIV vaccine would also present new challenges for the entire public health community, since it would not be a stand-alone preventive measure, as are most classic preventive vaccines. Instead, it would need to be delivered in the context of a comprehensive HIV-prevention program. OB S T AC L E S T O VAC C I NE DE V E L OPM E N T The development of more than two dozen antiretroviral therapies to combat HIV infection has resulted in a dramatic decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in developed countries and, increasingly, in low- and middle-income countries as these therapies become more widely available. Despite ongoing prevention efforts, however, HIV continues to spread unabated in many parts of the world, with an estimated 14,000 new infections occurring daily. A safe and effective HIV vaccine would be an enormously valuable tool in the campaign to stop the spread of HIV. Most viruses against which successful vaccines have been developed undergo some level of initial replication and dispersal from the portal of entry before the virus reaches its target organ and triggers pathogenic sequelae. During this period, the virus remains vulnerable to eradication by the immune system. When prior immunization or exposure to a virus has elicited virus-specific immunologic memory, the increased speed and intensity of the immune response can prevent or mitigate disease. The nature of the interaction between HIV and the immune system is complex, and the relevance of different immune responses to the control of infection is only partially understood (Fig. 1). The primary stage of HIV infection begins with a burst
A study on the most prevalent bacterial cause of corneal ulcer and their susceptibility to five common types of ophthalmic antibiotics

Purpose: Proper diagnosis of the corneal ulcer is one the most important efforts in the eyes medical urgencies. The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological proﬁle and in vitro antibiotic resistance of the bacteria isolated from the eyes of patients with infectious corneal ulcers Methods: In this study, 94 patients with corneal ulcer disease participated. After differential diagnosis of potentiated corneal ulcer infection and sampling of the active area of the wounds, the sample was transferred to the laboratory for cultivation in the suitable culture medium and finally incubatedin proper temperature. In cases of positive culture, the type of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity test of the broth micro-dilution method was performed and evaluated for five antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol. Results: our results indicated that patients consisted of 55% male and 45% female, 51% of whom were positive and the most common bacterium was staphylococcus negative coagulase with 48% prevalence. The isolated bacteria sensitivity for levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol was 94%, 79%, 67%, 33%, 27%, respectively.In vitro study for levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed ahigher percentage of antibiotic sensitivity in patients with corneal infectious ulcers in comparisonto other antibiotics. However, Erythromycin and chloramphenicol were not suitable for the bacterial corneal ulcer treatment due to the high microbial resistance. Conclusions: Accurate and precise training of physicians in the prescribing of ocular antibiotics as well as the prevention of arbitrary use of these drugs is important for reducing the microbial resistance.
What does the French public think about inclusive education?

ABSTRACT Background To explain that students with intellectual disabilities are not fully included in mainstream education, the present paper investigates public attitudes towards inclusive education and notably examines how these vary according to students' type of disability (i.e., an intellectual, a communicational, a sensory, a motor, or a specific learning one). Method Data were extracted from an opinion poll on inclusive education conducted on a representative sample of the French population (N = 1001). Results The analyses indicated that the public are less favourably inclined towards the inclusion of students with an intellectual disability in comparison to students with autism spectrum disorder, a sensory disability, specific learning disabilities or a motor disability. Participants who are familiar with disability seem to express more favourable attitudes than those who are not. Conclusions The present study contributes to a better understanding of public attitudes towards inclusive education and opens perspectives to develop more inclusive societies.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the Collagen family during lactation in water buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)

Background: Collagens, as extracellular matrix molecules, support cells for structural integrity and a variety of other functions, thereby contribute to support mammary basic structure and development. However, little information on the identification and expression profiles in response to the mammary gland of the collagen family in buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) has been reported. Results: A total of 128 buffalo collagen protein sequences corresponding to 45 collagen genes were identified and classified into six clusters based on their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structure analyses. A transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) analysis inferred that a total of 142 TFBS were predicted within the buffalo collagens, suggesting that different collagen subfamilies harbored different TFBS and played a variety of functions involved in the mammary gland development and lactation. The identified collagen sequences were unequally distributed on 17 chromosomes, 103 of which were determined to be tandem duplicated genes. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis revealed the expression diversity of buffalo collagen genes in various tissues. Most of the identified collagen genes were significantly up-regulated at the early lactation, 6 collagens upregulated at the peak lactation, and only COL24A1 was up-regulated at the late lactation. Conclusions: The present study provides significant insights into the potential functions of collagen family in dairy buffalo and helps in the functional characterization for collagen genes in further research.
Large-Scale Long-Tailed Recognition in an Open World

Real world data often have a long-tailed and open-ended distribution. A practical recognition system must classify among majority and minority classes, generalize from a few known instances, and acknowledge novelty upon a never seen instance. We define Open Long-Tailed Recognition (OLTR) as learning from such naturally distributed data and optimizing the classification accuracy over a balanced test set which include head, tail, and open classes. OLTR must handle imbalanced classification, few-shot learning, and open-set recognition in one integrated algorithm, whereas existing classification approaches focus only on one aspect and deliver poorly over the entire class spectrum. The key challenges are how to share visual knowledge between head and tail classes and how to reduce confusion between tail and open classes. We develop an integrated OLTR algorithm that maps an image to a feature space such that visual concepts can easily relate to each other based on a learned metric that respects the closed-world classification while acknowledging the novelty of the open world. Our so-called dynamic meta-embedding combines a direct image feature and an associated memory feature, with the feature norm indicating the familiarity to known classes. On three large-scale OLTR datasets we curate from object-centric ImageNet, scene-centric Places, and face-centric MS1M data, our method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art. Our code, datasets, and models enable future OLTR research and are publicly available at \url{https://liuziwei7.github. io/projects/LongTail.html}.
Classes de Chern et classes de cycles en cohomologie de Hodge-Witt logarithmique

Let k be a perfect field of characteristic p > 0 . For every smooth k-scheme X , we define a theory of Chem classes and cycle classes with value in thé étale cohorology groups " ( X ^ ,W n ), whBre W ÎT. is thé Rham-Witt œmplex of X of step n and W n^ thé abelian subsheaf of W î2 generated locally for thé étale topology by thé logarithmic differentials. Via thé natural map from ^(X, ,W ^^) to thé crystalline oohcnology group H. (X/W ), we reoover Berthelot-Illusie's Chem classes and thé oohonology class of a anooth closed subscheme oonstructed by Berthelot. Our csonstruction of thé cycle class relies on a purity theorem for thé sheaves W ! î^ . We show that proper intersections oorrespond to CLÇ>-products and we prove thé usual œirpatibility between thé Chem class and thé cycle class of a (non necessarily snooth) closed subscheme. Texte reçu le 1 5 avril 1 9 8 5 (*) Thèse de doctorat de 3e cycle de Mathématiques, Université de Paris-Sud, Centre d'Orsay, juin 83. 0037-9484/85 04/1-88 S 10.80 © Gauthicr-Villars TABLE DES MATIERES pages INTRODUCTION. •. -••••. •••••••••• 4 NOTATIONS ET CONVENTIONS . ^ . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 I. COHOMOLOGIE DES FIBRES PROJECTIFS. 1. Les faisceaux W^^ . W 2Oohomoloqie logarithmique des fibres oroiectifs. "12 3. Points fixes par F . 15 4. Cohomoloaie de Hodae^Witt des fibres proiectifs. 19 5. Comparaison avec la cohomoloaie cristalline. 23 II. MORPHISME DE GYSIN. 1. Définition des différents roorphismes de Gvsin. 27 1.1. Rappels sur 1'autodualité du complexe de De Rham-Witt. 1.2. Définitions. 2. Propriétés. ». 28 2.1. Transit! vite. 2.2. Formule de projection. 2.3. Transversalité. 2.4. Formule d'intersection. 2.5. Classe de cycle et classe de Chern. 2.6. Cas d'un morphisme P(E) —» X . 2.7. Cas d'un morphisme birationnel. 3. Cas d'une immersion fermée. 38 3.1. Préliminaires d'algèbre homologique. 3.2. Construction locale du roorphisme de Gysin. 3.3. Description du roorphisme de Gysin. 3.4. Comparaison avec la définition 1.2.6. 3.5. Cas de la cohomologie logarithmique. 4. Classe de cohomoloqie d'un cycle. 50 4.1. Définition. 4.2. Propriétés. 5. Morphisroe de Gvsin et complexe de Cousin. 57 5.1. Cas de la cohoroologie de Hodge-Witt. 5.2. Cas de la cohomologie logarithmique. III. CLASSES DE CHERN LOGARITHMIQUES. 1. Classes de Chern l o g a r i t h m i q u e s . 60 1 . 1 . Enoncé du théorème principal. 1.2. Démonstration du théorème principal. 2. Variantes et c o m p a t i b i l i t é s . 65 2 . 1 . Comparaison avec les classes de Chern cristallines. 2 . 2 . Cohomologie d'un schéma de drapeaux. Appendice : classes de Chern à s u p p o r t s . 68 IV. APPLICATIONS. 1. Cohomolooie d'un é c l a t é . 71 1 . 1 . Cohomologie de Hôdge-Witt d'un éclaté. 1. 2 . Cohomologie de Hôdge d'un éclaté. 1 . 3 . Cohomologie logarithmique d'un éclaté. 2. Formule de s e l f i n t e r s e c t i o n . 78 3. Classe de Chern et classe de c y c l e . 84
Benchmark Fuzzing for Android Taint Analyses

Benchmarking is the most often used technique to empirically evaluate software. To do so, benchmarks are often manually created when they are needed. Mainly two kinds of benchmarks are frequently employed: micro and real-world benchmarks. While micro benchmarks are most of the time handcrafted from scratch, real-world benchmarks are typically created by collecting available software from repositories or markets. Both types have their deficits. On the one hand, a handcrafted micro benchmark can only be of limited complexity, but the creator knows its ground-truth which is needed for precise evaluations. On the other hand, in case of a complex real-world benchmark, a ground-truth is unavailable in most cases. To bring together the best of both worlds we propose the concept of benchmark fuzzing, a three step procedure that allows for an automatic generation, execution and evaluation of benchmarks of configurable size and versatility. We implemented benchmark fuzzing in our novel Android taint analysis benchmark generation tool GenBenchDroid. Our evaluation performed on GenBenchDroidshows the benefits of benchmark fuzzing. We show that over-adaptation of benchmarks can broadly be decreased, scalability issues of analysis tools can be detected and combinations of analysis challenges that negatively impact analysis' accuracy can be identified. In addition, benchmark fuzzing allows to regenerate up-to-date versions of state-of-the-art micro and real-world benchmarks. Furthermore, our evaluation shows that the cost of benchmark fuzzing can be estimated and appears to be reasonable in regards of the advantages.
Indirect adaptive control for a class of time-varying nonlinear systems

In this paper we present an indirect adaptive control method for a class of time-varying nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinearities. We view the time-varying systems as composed of a finite number of "pieces," which are interpolated by functions that depend on a possibly exogenous scheduling variable. We assume that each piece is in strict feedback form, and show that the indirect adaptive method yields stability of all signals in the closed-loop, as well as convergence of the state vector to a residual set around the equilibrium, whose size can be set by the choice of several design constants. The class of systems considered here is a generalization of the class of strict feedback systems traditionally considered in the backstepping literature.
Support vector regression based LTS-CPBUM neural networks

In this paper, support vector regression (SVR) based least trimmed squares CPBUM (LTS-CPBUM) neural networks are proposed to improve the outliers and noise problems of conventional neural networks. In general, the obtained training data in the real applications maybe contain the outliers and noise. Although the CPBUM neural networks have fast convergent speed, this model is difficult to deal with training data set with outliers and noise. That is, the robust property must be enhanced for the CPBUM neural networks. Hence, the LTS computational architecture is proposed for the CPBUM neural networks in this paper. However, the initial structure for the LTS is difficult to determine. Hence, in this paper SVR apply to determine the initial LTS. That is, due to a SVR approach with the ε-insensitive loss function provides an estimated function within ε zone, the initial structure of the LT S can be obtained by the SVR approach that justly provides better initialization to robust against training data with outliers and noise. After the SVR based LTS, the gradient-descent kind of learning algorithms is used as the learning algorithm to adjust the weights of the CPBUM neural networks. It tunes out that the proposed SVR based LTS-CPBUM neural networks have fast convergent speed and robust against outliers and noise than the conventional neural networks with robust mechanism. Simulation results are provided to show the validity and applicability of the proposed neural networks.