Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive characterization report on Winter Quarters Bay, McMurdo Station, Antarctica

Winter Quarters Bay is a small embayment located adjacent to the United States largest base in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. McMurdo Station, which is managed by the National Science Foundation`s Office of Polar Programs, was constructed in 1955, has been in constant use since that time, and has a population of about 1,000 persons during the summer and about 250 people for the winter. The bay offers shelter for ships and an ice dock is used during January and February to off load fuel and cargo. During earlier times, trash from the McMurdo Station was piled on the steep shoreline of the bay, doused with several thousand gallons of fuel and ignited. That practice has ceased and the site has been regraded to cover the waste. The bottom of the bay is littered with drums, equipment, tanks, tires, all sorts of metal objects, cables, etc., especially the southeastern side where dumping took place. The sediments are gravel in some places yet fine and fluid at other sites with coarse particles intermixed. The original benthic community is not well recorded but significant ecological changes have occurred. Sediments are contaminated with PCBs, metals, and hydrocarbon fuels. This report summarizes available information on Winter Quarters Bay and was originally intended to be used by workshop participants to become familiar with the bay prior to becoming updated with unpublished data by various Antarctic investigators. The proposed workshop was to assist the National Science Foundation in determining whether and how the bay should be remediated and to develop an integrated research plan if additional data were needed. However, plans changed, the workshop was never conducted, but the briefing report was prepared. Most of this report reviews and summarizes other published data. The only new data are those from the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory`s investigation into the distribution of organic contaminants in the bay and sediment toxicity testing.
DRIVERS OF INTERNET PURCHASING SUCCESS

The development of the Internet as a business tool over the past 5 years has been phenomenal, causing a period of chaos and creative destruction. E‐commerce has been hyped as a catalyst for vast streamlining of the supply chain. Yet, in a time of such phenomenal change, the focus tends to be on the large picture. Many details of how a new technology should be or is employed tend to be unknown or ignored. However, as the technology matures and stabilizes, one of the primary factors that separate winners from losers is the way in which the technology is implemented and operated on a daily basis. This study examines the ways in which companies utilize the Internet to streamline their purchasing process. A survey of 416 customers of a major Internet retailer of commodity office supplies reveals important relationships between web site design, employee work environments, Internet strategy, and purchasing performance. Our sample of companies consists of firms that have ordered office supplies at least once using the Internet. Our data indicate that companies do realize performance benefits from utilizing the Internet as a purchasing tool. Furthermore, the data suggest factors that facilitate purchasing process improvements. These factors can be utilized by both buying and selling companies to improve their proprietary processes to maximize the benefits of e‐commerce as a purchasing tool.
Inferring gene regulatory networks from gene expression data by PC-algorithm based on conditional mutual information

Motivation: Reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRNs), which explicitly represent the causality of developmental or regulatory process, is of utmost interest and has become a challenging computational problem for understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms in cellular systems. However, all existing methods of inferring GRNs from gene expression profiles have their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, many properties of GRNs, such as topology sparseness and nonlinear dependence, are general in regulation mechanism but seldom be taken into account simultaneously in one computational method. Results: In this work, we present a novel method for inferring GRNs from gene expression data considering the nonlinear dependence and topological structure of GRNs by employing path consistency algorithm (PCA) based on conditional mutual information (CMI). In this algorithm, the conditional dependence between a pair of genes is represented by the CMI between them. With the general hypothesis of Gaussian distribution underlying gene expression data, CMI between a pair of genes is computed by a concise formula involving the covariance matrices of the related gene expression profiles. The method is validated on the benchmark GRNs from the DREAM challenge and the widely used SOS DNA repair network in Escherichia coli. The cross-validation results confirmed the effectiveness of our method (PCA-CMI), which outperforms significantly other previous methods. Besides its high accuracy, our method is able to distinguish direct (or causal) interactions from indirect associations. Availability: All the source data and code are available at: http://csb.shu. edu.cn/subweb/grn.htm. Contact: lnchen@sibs.ac. cn; zpliu@sibs.ac. cn. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Classification et extension automatique d'annotations d'images en utilisant un réseau Bayésien Classification and automatic annotation extension of images using a Bayesian network

and key words The rapid growth of Internet and multimedia information has shown a need in the development of multimedia information retrieval techniques, especially in image retrieval. We can distinguish two main trends. The first one, called “text-based image retrieval”, consists in applying text-retrieval techniques from fully annotated images. The text traitement du signal 2009_volume 26_numero special 5 Le document ecrit 339
Cells, Generators, and Lenses: Design Framework for Object-Oriented Interaction with Large Language Models

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become the backbone of numerous writing interfaces with the goal of supporting end-users across diverse writing tasks. While LLMs reduce the effort of manual writing, end-users may need to experiment and iterate with various generation configurations (e.g., inputs and model parameters) until results meet their goals. However, these interfaces are not designed for experimentation and iteration, and can restrict how end-users track, compare, and combine configurations. In this work, we present “cells, generators, and lenses”, a framework to designing interfaces that support interactive objects that embody configuration components (i.e., input, model, output). Interface designers can apply our framework to produce interfaces that enable end-users to create variations of these objects, combine and recombine them into new configurations, and compare them in parallel to efficiently iterate and experiment with LLMs. To showcase how our framework generalizes to diverse writing tasks, we redesigned three different interfaces—story writing, copywriting, and email composing—and, to demonstrate its effectiveness in supporting end-users, we conducted a comparative study (N=18) where participants used our interactive objects to generate and experiment more. Finally, we investigate the usability of the framework through a workshop with designers (N=3) where we observed that our framework served as both bootstrapping and inspiration in the design process.
Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners from lake champlain sediments by Mysis relicta

Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Champlain often exceed the F.D. A. “tolerance level” of 2 μg/g (wet weight). Of added concern are recent studies that suggest a relationship between the dioxin-like properties of non-ortho-substituted PCB congeners and impaired lake trout egg hatchability. Dietary accumulation of PCBs is thought to be an important exposure route for fish. The epibenthic freshwater shrimp Mysis relicta is an integral part of the benthic and pelagic food web in Lake Champlain and may act as a link between PCBs in sediments and lake trout. Previous investigations have shown that diurnal migrations of mysids enhance the movement and distribution of toxic contaminants, effectively coupling the benthic and pelagic zones. The objective of this research was to examine the role contaminated sediments play in the transfer of PCBs to mysids. Bioaccumulation was assessed by exposing mysids to such sediments in two ways: (a) with organisms screened from sediments; and (b) with organisms in direct contact with sediments. Accumulation of PCBs over the course of the 24-day exposure period was examined on the following days: 0, 3, 6, 12, 21, and 24. Eighty-nine individual PCB congeners were measured in tissue and sediment. Mysids in direct contact with sediments accumulated significantly higher levels of PCBs than did organisms screened from sediments. Mysids accumulated substantial levels of PCBs, suggesting they may play an important part in the transfer of PCBs from sediments into the Lake Champlain food web. It is clear from this research that sediments can play a critical role in the accumulation of PCBs by mysids.
M USIC : T HE L ANGUAGE OF E MOTION

Music has a universal appeal that is often attributed to its ability to make us feel a certain way, and to change how we are currently feeling. In fact, music is often said to be the language of emotion. Although the body of research on music and emotions has grown rapidly over the past two decades, many issues remain the subject of debate. How is emotion conveyed through musical features? Do listeners actually experience emotions in response to music, or are they simply perceiving emotions? Which particular emotions does music convey? What factors influence whether we like a particular piece of music? Can research on music and emotions inform us about emotions in general? How do experience and learning affect the perception of musical emotions? In this chapter, we provide an overview of research that addresses these and other related questions, with an emphasis on recent findings.
Tongue-tie.

With this issue, JHL is introducing a new, regular feature: the Roundtable Discussion, where we ask experts to share their informed opinions on a hot topic in lactation practice and/or research. In this issue, we are addressing the cutting edge field of ankyloglossia or “tongue-tie. ” Our panel consists of pediatric, nursing, and International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) experts from hospital and community settings in the US and Australia.
RBM24 Mediates Lymph Node Metastasis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition in Human Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Via Regulating Twist1

Background: Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) has the worst prognosis among head and neck tumours, and Lymph node (LN) metastasis mainly accounts for the poor prognosis. RBM24 (RNA Binding Motif Protein 24) regulates target RNA as an RNA binding protein involved in several cancers. However, its role in HSCC remains completely unknown. Here we attempt to explore the effects of RBM24 on HSCC. Methods: RNA sequencing was conducted to find the differentially expressed genes in tumour tissues from HSCC patients with LN metastasis and without LN metastasis in our previous study. Expression of RBM24 in HSCC tissues was analyzed by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation was tested by CCK8 assay as well as Colony formation analysis. Cell migration and invasion capacity were estimated by transwell assay. The wound healing assay was also carried out to evaluate the motility of FaDu cells. QRT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence assays were conducted to detect the process of EMT. A popliteal lymph node metastasis model was constructed to explore the effect of RBM24 on HSCC in vivo.Results: RBM24 was remarkably down-regulated in HSCC patients with LN metastasis, and low expression of RBM24 was inextricably linked to the poor prognosis. Knockdown of RBM24 facilitated the proliferation, migration and invasion of RBM24, whereas overexpression of RBM24 showed the opposite effects and suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) process. Overexpression of Twist1 could reverse the inhibitory effects of RBM24 on motility and invasion of FaDu cells. The inhibitory effects of RBM24 on tumour growth and lymphatic metastasis in HSCC were demonstrated by the in vivo experiment as well.Conclusions: These results indicated RBM24 was a suppressor gene and might inhibit EMT and LN metastasis in HSCC via regulating Twist1.
Evaluation of a Partector Pro for atmospheric size distribution and number concentration measurements at an urban background site

Number size distributions, total number concentrations and mean particle sizes have been measured for 70 days at an urban background site in Mülheim-Styrum, Germany with a handheld Partector Pro and a TSI mobility particle size spectrometer (MPSS). The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of the Partecor Pro against the MPSS. The results 10 show that the size distributions, measured with the Partector Pro agree with the MPSS mostly within ±25% for particle sizes below 113.5 nm, whereas higher, systematic differences were observed for larger particles. The measurement accuracy was shown to be dependent on the geometric mean diameter and the geometric standard deviation of the aerosol. Best results were found for the most abundant size distributions with geometric mean particle diameters ≥30 nm and geometric standard deviations larger than 1.8. The total number concentration, measured by the Partector Pro was found to be in excellent 15 agreement with the MPSS with a slope of the linear fit of 0.9977 and a regression coefficient of R² = 0.9956. The agreement of the geometric mean particle diameter, determined with the Partector Pro and the MPSS was good, but moderately dependent on the particle size distribution. For mean particle sizes between 20 nm and 50 nm, the bias was within ±15%. Higher deviations of up to 30% were observed when the geometric mean particle sizes exceeded 70 nm and when the geometric standard deviations exceeded approximately 2.7.
Mutual Fund Survivorship

Survivorship induces a variety of biases in mutual fund research. I show analytically that biases in performance estimates depend on sample length and whether funds disappear after one or many poor returns. Using a sample free of survivor bias, I document higher risk and predominantly multiple-year underperformance in nonsurviving funds. This causes the bias in mean return estimates to increase in the time-length of the sample. In my data set, the bias is 0.43 percent per year in five-year samples and approximately one percent for samples longer than fifteen years. I also find downward bias in persistence tests and both upward and downward bias in the relations between performance and fund attributes depending on the type of selection bias. The results cast doubt on the conclusions of many published mutual fund studies.
Explore the Development of New E-commerce Models and Their Impact on Consumer Purchasing Power

With the advancement of the Internet, e-commerce has ﬂourished and created a progressive trend toward becoming more social, mobile, and local. Con-currently, the continual growth of e-commerce inﬂuences consumers’ purchasing decisions. Therefore, this article has continued the exhaustive investigation of the two dimensions of the fan and the consumer.
The role of disability & accessibility in corporate sustainability reporting

Although companies increasingly focus on the social dimension in corporate sustainability, there seems to be a lack of understanding how and to what extent disability & accessibility (D&A) frameworks and activities are integrated in corporate sustainability reports. In this article, we aim to close this gap by a) analyzing the disability & accessibility activities from the largest 50 companies in Europe based on their corporate sustainability reports, and b) advancing a simplified conceptual framework for D&A that can be used in corporate reporting. In particular, we provide an overview about corporate D&A reporting and associated activities according to three identified areas: a) workforce, b) workplace, and c) products and services. Our findings are twofold: First, the majority of the companies address disability & accessibility in their corporate sustainability reports mainly under the diversity umbrella, but lack a detailed debate about the three identified areas. Second, we found that existing frameworks for D&A are hardly used because either they are not focused on corporate reporting or seem too difficult or complicated to complete. Thus, our framework not only represents a first opportunity to foster the implementation of a D&A framework within the social dimension of corporate sustainability reports, but also presents a holistic yet flexible management tool that takes into account the most critical elements while shaping implementation, directing evaluation and encouraging future planning of D&A initiatives. As such, this study contributes to and extends the limited amount of research of D&A activities in the social dimension in corporate sustainability reporting.
Line-based Robust SfM with Little Image Overlap — Supplementary Material —

In this document, we supplement the paper (published in 3DV 2017) with complementary experimental data and technical details. Section 1 provides statistics regarding the experiments on real data presented in the paper. It also details the reconstruction of planes, as shown on Fig. 1 of the paper, and displays additional reconstructions. Section 2 studies on synthetic data the behavior of coplanar constraints and compares the different kinds of features. Section 3 analyzes the degenerate cases evoked in Sections 4 and 5 of the paper. Section 4 discusses alternatives in our method and provides additionnal justifications for our choices. Finally, we describe in Section 5 a simple line match refinement that we use before bundle adjustment.
A Sentiment-Based Author Verification Model Against Social Media Fraud

The widespread and capability of Iot devices have made them a primary enabler for on-line fraud and fake authorship on social media. We present a novel approach, which uses sentiment analysis, to solve the problem of author veriﬁcation in short text. We perform experimentation with our model on tweets, and show that it yields promising re-sults.
Has Invasive Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim) Met its Match? Interspecies Comparisons of Photosynthesis and Shoot Allocation in Heavy Shade

Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Maxim) is a notorious invader of forests and forest edges throughout eastern North America. The species is di�cult to exterminate and reestablishes readily. A perpetual presence of Amur honeysuckle in most forests is largely a forgone conclusion. Forests throughout the eastern U.S. are changing due to canopy closure after historical disturbance and long-term �re prevention. Fire intolerant species, especially sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall.), are coming to dominate forest canopies, creating shady understories and forest dynamics that pivot on shade tolerance. Two shade tolerant understory shrubs, pawpaw (Asimina triloba Adans.) and spicebush (Lindera benzoin Thunb.) compete with honeysuckle in maple understories. Based on �eld observations we hypothesized that these native species were more shade tolerant than invasive honeysuckle. We examined shade tolerance in honeysuckle, pawpaw, and spice bush by comparing photosynthetic light responses, leaf characteristics, and allocation to leaf area versus stem mass (leaf area ratio, LAR) in annual shoots. Honeysuckle had comparable light responses measured on a leaf area basis, but mass-based measurements show it is less e�cient paying back carbon invested in leaf tissue. This arises because honeysuckle is unable to reduce speci�c leaf mass to the level of pawpaw and spicebush. LAR is distinctly higher in pawpaw and spicebush, suggesting an advantage in heavy shade. Since the great majority of photosynthesis in these species occurs under a closed canopy, we suggest honeysuckle will diminish in maple-dominated stands. Informal observations of greater height growth in pawpaw and spicebush in the �eld support this.
Mechanisms of Methane Transport Through <i>Populus trichocarpa</i>

Although the dynamics of methane (CH4) emission from croplands and wetlands have been fairly well investigated, the contribution of trees to global CH4 emission and the mechanisms of tree transport are relatively unknown. CH4 emissions from the common wetland tree species Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) native to the Pacific Northwest were measured under hydroponic conditions in order to separate plant transport mechanisms from the influence of soil processes. Roots were exposed to CH4 enriched water and canopy emissions of CH4 were measured. The average flux for 34 trials (at temper5 atures ranging from 17 to 25 C) was 2.8 ± 2.2 μg CH4 min−1 (whole canopy). Flux increased with temperature. Compared to the isotopic composition of root water CH4, δC values were depleted for canopy CH4 where the warmest temperatures (24.4-28.7 C) resulted in an epsilon of 2.8 ± 4.7‰; midrange temperatures (20.422.1 C) produced an epsilon of 7.5 ± 3.1 ‰; and the coolest temperatures (16.0-19.1 C) produced an epsilon of 10.2 ± 3.2 ‰. From these results it is concluded that there are likely multiple transport processes at work in CH4 transport through trees and the dominance of these processes 10 changes with temperature. The transport mechanisms that dominate at low temperature and low flux result in a larger fractionation, while the transport mechanisms that prevail at high temperature and high flux produce a small fractionation. Further work would investigate what combination of mechanisms are specifically engaged in transport for a given fractionation of emitted CH4.
Vulnerability, Sensitivity, and Coping/Adaptive Capacity Worldwide

Research and analyses have repeatedly shown that impacts of climate change will be unevenly distributed and will affect various societies in various ways. The severity of impacts will depend in part on ability to cope in the short term and adapt in the longer term. However, it has been difficult to find a comparative basis on which to assess differential impacts of climate change. This chapter describes the Vulnerability-Resilience Indicator Model that uses 18 proxy indicators, grouped into 8 elements, to assess on a quantitative basis the comparative potential vulnerability and resilience of countries to climate change. The model integrates socioeconomic and environmental information such as land use, crop production, water availability, per capita GDP, inequality, and health status. Comparative results for 160 countries are presented and analyzed.