Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current and future miniature refrigeration cooling technologies for high power microelectronics

Utilizing refrigeration may provide the only means by which future high-performance electronic chips can be maintained below predicted maximum temperature limits. Widespread application of refrigeration in electronic packaging will remain limited until the refrigerators can be made sufficiently small so that they can be easily incorporated within the packaging. A review of existing microscale and mesoscale refrigeration systems revealed that only thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are now commercially available in small sizes. However, existing TECs are limited by their maximum cooling power and low efficiencies. A simple model was constructed to analyze the performance of both existing and predicted future TECs in an electronic packaging environment. Comparison with the cooling provided by an existing high-performance fan shows that they are most effective for heat loads less than approximately 100 W, but that for higher heat loads, fan air cooling actually yields a lower junction temperature. If the efficiency of future TECs, as characterized by ZT/sub room/, where Z is the figure of merit and T/sub room/ is room temperature, can be increased from the present value of /spl sim/0.8 to 2 or even 3, TEC performance improves dramatically, thus making them competitive for many electronic applications. Finally, one unanticipated result of the model was the realization that the thermal resistance between the refrigerator and the chip is not as critical as the thermal resistance between the refrigerator and the ambient air.
Avalanche multiplication in InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistors with composite collectors

The experimental and theoretical studies of electron multiplication in InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT's) with an InGaAs/InP composite collector are carried out. Both local electric field model and energy model are used to investigate the electron impact ionization in the composite collector. The analysis reveals that the nonlocal effect of the electron impact ionization in the composite collector is responsible for the suppression of the contribution of electron multiplication in the InGaAs layer. Experimental results for the fabricated devices were compared with the theoretical calculations, indicating that the conventional impact ionization models based on the local electric field significantly overestimate the electron multiplication for the composite collector. The energy model which takes into account the nonlocal effect is found to provide a more accurate prediction of electron multiplication for the DHBT's.
Autoimmune manifestations of visceral leishmaniasis in Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a rare, parasitic infection with distinctive features that may mimic autoimmune diseases. In this study, we report on the laboratory autoimmune manifestations of VL in Chinese patients. METHODS Twenty-seven patients who were hospitalized with VL were included in this retrospective study. Routine blood and biochemical tests were conducted, and a variety of autoimmune antibodies and complement fractions were detected. Continuous variables are expressed as means ± standard deviations, and categorical data are expressed as a number (percentage). Missing data were not included for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed with SPSS v. 13.0 statistical software. RESULTS All patients had cytopenia (82% with pancytopenia) and hepatosplenomegaly, and 25 (93%) patients also suffered from fever. The prevalence of autoantibodies (number of patients with antibody detected/total number of patients tested for the antibody) for each antibody tested was as follows: antinuclear antibodies (ANA; 18/22, 82%), anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA; 4/5, 80%), anti-mitochondrial M2 antibodies (AMA-M2; 1/6, 17%), anti-liver cytosol specific type 1 antibodies (anti-LC1; 1/6, 17%), anti-liver/kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies (anti-LKM1; 1/6, 17%), anti-centromere protein-B antibodies (anti-CENP-B; 4/21, 19%), anti-Sjögren's syndrome type A antibodies (anti-SSA; 2/21, 10%), anti-Sjögren's syndrome type B antibodies (anti-SSB; 1/21, 5%), anti-Jo-1 antibodies (1/21, 5%), anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA; 1/25, 4%), direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs; 6/6, 100%), and rheumatoid factor (RF; 3/11, 27%). Increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) was found in 14 (100%) patients. Of the 19 patients tested for serum IgG, 17 patients (89%) were found with increased IgG levels, while complement 3 protein (C3) and complement 4 protein (C4) levels were not decreased in any of the 19 patients. Of note, in one patient followed up 1 month after therapy, only ANA was still present, and all the other laboratory autoimmune manifestations had disappeared. CONCLUSIONS VL infection associated with laboratory autoimmune manifestations is common. This may lead to patients with VL being misdiagnosed as having an autoimmune disorder. An obligatory differential diagnosis that considers VL should be undertaken for patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), especially in endemic areas, is necessary.
Dynamic behaviour of high-sided road vehicles subject to a sudden crosswind gust

High-sided road vehicles are susceptible to a sharp-edged crosswind gust, which may cause vehicle accidents such as overturning, excessive sideslip, or exaggerated rotation. This paper thus investigates the dynamic behaviour and possible accidents of high-sided road vehicles entering a sharp-edged crosswind gust with road surface roughness and vehicle suspension included. The high-sided road vehicle is modelled as a combination of several rigid bodies connected by a series of springs and dampers in both vertical and lateral directions. The random roughness of road surface is generated from power spectral density functions for various road conditions. The empirical formulae derived from wind tunnel test results are employed to determine aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the vehicle. After the governing equations of motion are established, an extensive computation work is performed to examine the effects of road surface roughness and vehicle suspension on the dynamic behaviour and vehicle accidents. It is demonstrated that for the high-sided road vehicle and wind forces specified in the computation, the accident vehicle speed of the road vehicle running on the road of average condition is relatively smaller than that running on the road of very good condition for a given crosswind gust. The vehicle suspension system should be taken into consideration, and the accident vehicle speed becomes smaller if the vehicle suspension system has softer springs and lighter dampers.
Prediction of mutual coupling between base station antenna arrays

A simple approach is developed to compute mutual coupling (or isolation) between base-station antenna arrays of N dipoles. This approach utilizes a closed form expression for the self and mutual impedances for two slanted dipoles in free space. Two arrays of these dipoles are then assembled together. The elements of the 2N /spl times/ 2N Z matrix of the resulting system are the self impedance of individual dipoles as well as the mutual impedance between every two dipoles within each array and between the two arrays. The input impedance of each array and the mutual impedance between them may be easily derived by combining this Z matrix and the S matrices of two corporate feeds made of two-way power dividers. Alternatively, using a circuit theory approach and working with the Y matrix of the array, the individual antenna elements in each array may be connected together in parallel. This will reduce the 2N-port system into a two-port system whose input and mutual impedances can be easily calculated. The above approach cannot directly include the effect of a finite ground plane that usually utilized in the base-station arrays to provide higher gains and a one-sided beam. However, it was found that the mutual coupling between two arrays without a ground plane could be corrected to provide a reasonable estimate for the coupling between two arrays with a finite ground plane. The correction suggested here is based on the far field coupling predicted by the Friis transmission formula. The mutual coupling between the two arrays predicted by this method agrees reasonably well with the measured results for arrays in both broadside and colinear configurations.
Comparative study on various unipolar PWM strategies for single phase five-level cascaded inverter

A single phase cascaded inverter consisting of two full bridges creates a five-level AC output voltage. Due to switch combination redundancies, there are certain degrees of freedom to generate the five-level AC output voltage. This paper presents the different types of unipolar pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies for the chosen inverter. The effectiveness of the developed strategies are demonstrated by simulation and experimentation. The results indicate that the multilevel inverter triggered by the developed unipolar PWM strategies exhibits reduced harmonics and higher DC bus utilisation. PWM strategies developed are implemented in real time using dSPACE/real time interface (RTI). The simulation and experimental results closely match with each other validating the strategies presented.
Atrial Fibrillation: Pathogenesis, Predisposing Factors, and Genetics

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia managed in clinical practice, and it is linked to an increased risk of death, stroke, and peripheral embolism. The Global Burden of Disease shows that the estimated prevalence of AF is up to 33.5 million patients. So far, successful therapeutic techniques have been implemented, with a high health-care cost burden. As a result, identifying modifiable risk factors for AF and suitable preventive measures may play a significant role in enhancing community health and lowering health-care system expenditures. Several mechanisms, including electrical and structural remodeling of atrial tissue, have been proposed to contribute to the development of AF. This review article discusses the predisposing factors in AF including the different pathogenic mechanisms, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary habits, as well as the potential genetic burden.
Communicating Concepts of Hospitality in Education: Fighting Crisis through Quality Improvement

Five years ago, VSGT Maribor introduced an annual event, called Ambassador of Hospitality, as a form of communicating hospitality concepts to current students, prospect students and other relevant stakeholders. The event was organized by students for students and other public in order to improve the overall knowledge of hospitality industry, awareness of the profession and all possibilities that the hospitality field offers to those, eager learn. The purpose of this research was to show if a concept of combining theoretical and practical knowledge into the teaching methods can improve students’ understanding of the hospitality concept, raise quality of the learning process and herewith fight potential crisis that is twofold: understanding hospitality industry and its potentials, while at the same time improve the learning process at school. Findings show that more than 50% of respondents have changed their understanding of the term “hospitality” since the beginning of their studies. This study should serve as a basis for additional research work, as there is still more to be researched within the topic of “hospitality concept”, especially in terms of qualitative research methods.
A Study on the roles of IoT in the agriculture for smart farming implementations

The Internets of Thing (IoT) is a promising technique that may be used to modernize a multitude of industries at a low cost. Agriculture fields are being managed or monitored automatically or with minimal human involvement using IoT based technologies. The article discusses a variety of technologies that are employed in the fields of the IoT in agriculture. This covers the most significant aspects of the IoT based smarts farming’s. A comprehensive evaluation of the networks technology utilized in the IoT based agricultural has been conducted, covering networks construction or layers, networking protocols
Conductive Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: Current State and Future Outlook

Bone tissue engineering strategies attempt to regenerate bone tissue lost due to injury or disease. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide support, while improving tissue regeneration through amplified cellular responses between implanted materials and native tissues. Through this, scaffolds that show great osteoinductive abilities as well as desirable mechanical properties have been studied. Recently, scaffolding for engineered bone-like tissues have evolved with the use of conductive materials for increased scaffold bioactivity. These materials make use of several characteristics that have been shown to be useful in tissue engineering applications and combine them in the hope of improved cellular responses through stimulation (i.e., mechanical or electrical). With the addition of conductive materials, these bioactive synthetic bone substitutes could result in improved regeneration outcomes by reducing current factors limiting the effectiveness of existing scaffolding materials. This review seeks to overview the challenges associated with the current state of bone tissue engineering, the need to produce new grafting substitutes, and the promising future that conductive materials present towards alleviating the issues associated with bone repair and regeneration.
FEMALE FACULTY MEMBERS IN THE FIELD OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING: THE CASE OF GREEK UNIVERSITIES

Issues concerning the presence and professional development of women in the academic world have occupied the social sciences since the 1980s. The purpose of this study is to trace the presence and prospects for professional employment and development of women faculty members in the field of Electrical and Computer Engineering (E.C.E.) in the case of Greek universities, at the start of the 21st century. Sources for this research were women who teach in E.C. E. departments in Greek universities. The research data come from phone interviews with female professors who work in the E.C. E. departments, and from information drawn from the secretary’s offices and the websites of the specific departments. The most significant research findings revealed that in the field of E.C. E. in Greece, the social structural difference between the sexes still survive. This fact creates difficulties for the career progression and professional development of women, who also face difficulties in their work due to the commitments which are involved in the fulfillment of the demands of the role of mother. In addition, many of the difficulties faced by these particular women in their career result from the activating of prejudices concerning the female gender, which seems to be invading the ‘male dominated’ field of E.C. E. in the case of Greek universities. Key words: Electrical and Computer Engineering, female faculty members, Greece, universities.
Application of value stream mapping for lean operations and cycle time reduction: an Indian case study

For the last few years almost every manufacturing industry has been trying to get ‘lean’. A headlong rush to offer value to the customers by becoming lean and responsive has created an urgency for researchers and practitioners to apply new tools and techniques to address various wastes. The process of mapping the material and information flows of all components and sub-assemblies in a value stream that includes manufacturing, suppliers and distribution to the customer is known as value stream mapping (VSM). VSM has proved effective in identifying and eliminating wastes in a facility with similar or identical product routings, such as in assembly facilities. In this paper, an attempt has been made to use VSM as a technique to achieve productivity improvement at supplier end for an auto industry. Both current and future (‘as is’ and ‘to be’) states of supplier shopfloor scenarios are discussed using value stream concepts. This is analysed along with takt time calculations and the application of other gap areas. Finally, gain in production output per person, reduction of work in process and finished goods inventory affecting productivity are also reported.
Degradation of a Pigment Red 238 using UV,
UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/SnO2 and Fenton Processes

This study implicates the degradation of pigment red 238 (PR238) from aqueous solution employing photocatalytic processes. The procedure was carried out under UV radiation, SnO 2 and H 2 O 2 as well as Fenton process. The influence of process variables viz., pigment concentration (50-150 ppm), amount of catalyst (0.1-0.3 g/L), H 2 O 2 concentration (0.3-0.9 mL), UV irradiation time (30-60 min) and pH (3-9) were studied for the removal of PR238. The experiments were conducted by exposing aqueous solutions of PR238 having photocatalyst with UV light and effect of process variables such as pH, concentration of pigment, concentration of H 2 O 2 and amount of catalyst was investigated. The degradation of >90% was achieved with Fenton process, whereas H 2 O 2 /UV and UV/H 2 O 2 /SnO 2 furnished up to 78% and 89.6% PR238 removal, respectively. From results, it was concluded that the Fenton process is highly efficient for the removal of PR238, which can be employed for the removal of dyes form effluents .
Functional Neural Correlates of Semantic Fluency Task Performance in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: An FDG-PET Study.

BACKGROUND Total score (TS) of semantic verbal fluency test (SVFT) is generally used to interpret results, but it is ambiguous as to specific neural functions it reflects. Different SVFT strategy scores reflecting qualitative aspects are proposed to identify specific cognitive functions to overcome limitations of using the TS. OBJECTIVE Functional neural correlates of the TS as well as the other strategy scores in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia using Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). METHODS Correlations between various SVFT scores (i.e., TS, mean cluster size, switching (SW), hard switching, cluster switching (CSW)) and cerebral glucose metabolism were explored using voxelwise whole-brain approach. Subgroup analyses were also performed based on the diagnosis and investigated the effects of disease severity on the associations. RESULTS Significant positive correlation between TS and cerebral glucose metabolism was found in prefrontal, parietal, cingulate, temporal cortex, and subcortical regions. Significantly increased glucose metabolism associated with the SW were found in similar but smaller regions, mainly in the fronto-parieto-temporal regions. CSW was only correlated with the caudate. In the subgroup analysis conducted to assess different contribution of clinical severity, differential associations between the strategy scores and regional glucose metabolism were found. CONCLUSION SW and CSW may reflect specific language and executive functions better than the TS. The SVFT is influenced by brain dysfunction due to the progression of AD, as demonstrated by the SW with larger involvement of temporal lobe for the AD, and CSW with significant association only for the MCI.
In Vitro Rearing Changes Social Task Performance and Physiology in Honeybees

Simple Summary The rearing of honeybee larvae in the laboratory is an important tool for studying the effects of plant protection products or pathogens on developing and adult bees, yet how rearing under artificial conditions affects the later social behavior and physiology of the honeybees is mostly unknown. We, here, show that honeybees reared in the laboratory generally had a lower probability for performing nursing or foraging tasks compared to bees reared under natural conditions in bee colonies. Nursing behavior itself appeared normal in in vitro honeybees. In contrast, bees reared in the laboratory foraged for a shorter period in life and performed fewer trips compared to bees reared in colonies. In addition, in vitro honeybees did not display the typical increase in juvenile hormone titer, which goes hand-in-hand with the initiation of foraging in colony-reared bees. Abstract In vitro rearing of honeybee larvae is an established method that enables exact control and monitoring of developmental factors and allows controlled application of pesticides or pathogens. However, only a few studies have investigated how the rearing method itself affects the behavior of the resulting adult honeybees. We raised honeybees in vitro according to a standardized protocol: marking the emerging honeybees individually and inserting them into established colonies. Subsequently, we investigated the behavioral performance of nurse bees and foragers and quantified the physiological factors underlying the social organization. Adult honeybees raised in vitro differed from naturally reared honeybees in their probability of performing social tasks. Further, in vitro-reared bees foraged for a shorter duration in their life and performed fewer foraging trips. Nursing behavior appeared to be unaffected by rearing condition. Weight was also unaffected by rearing condition. Interestingly, juvenile hormone titers, which normally increase strongly around the time when a honeybee becomes a forager, were significantly lower in three- and four-week-old in vitro bees. The effects of the rearing environment on individual sucrose responsiveness and lipid levels were rather minor. These data suggest that larval rearing conditions can affect the task performance and physiology of adult bees despite equal weight, pointing to an important role of the colony environment for these factors. Our observations of behavior and metabolic pathways offer important novel insight into how the rearing environment affects adult honeybees.
The Bidirectional Signal Communication of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Hypertension

Hypertension is a critical risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. A new concept of microbiota-gut-brain axis has been established recently, mediating the bidirectional communication between the gut and its microbiome and the brain. Alterations in bidirectional interactions are believed to be involved in the blood pressure regulation. Neuroinflammation and increased sympathetic outflow act as the descending innervation signals from the brain. Increased sympathetic activation plays a recognized role in the genesis of hypertension. The present evidence demonstrates that gut dysbiosis is associated with central nervous system neuroinflammation. However, how the gut influences the brain remains unclear. We reviewed the roles of neuroinflammation and gut microbiota and their interactions in the pathogenesis of hypertension and described the ascending signaling mechanisms behind the microbiota-gut-brain axis in detail. Additionally, the innovative prohypertensive mechanisms of dietary salt through the microbiota-gut-brain axis are summarized. The bidirectional communication mechanisms were proposed for the first time that the descending signals from the brain and the ascending connections from the gut form a vicious circle of hypertension progression, acting as a premise for hypertension therapy.