Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Echoencephalography of encephalopathy due to congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection is a transient intrauterine viral infection with selective teratogenicity depending on the timing of the primary maternal infection. LCMV is cleared from the body of the fetus after the acute phase of illness and, in most cases, has lost its virulence at the time of birth. LCMV competes with extracellular matrix proteins for its tropism toward heavily glycosylated alpha‐dystroglycan. In the first trimester, while tropism toward heart myoblasts is high, intrauterine infection (IUI) can lead to miscarriage or fetal demise. Later in pregnancy, LCMV becomes neurotropic with tropism toward retina and brain. Most often systemic symptoms are subtle or absent at the time of birth. The timing of the IUI determines the neuroteratogenic phenotypes of congenital LCMV infection. IUI that occurs early during gestation can lead to isolated cerebellar dysgenesis and hypoplasia. When IUI occurs during neural radial migration, echoencephalography shows defective cerebral opercularization, intracranial calcifications at the gray‐white matter junction, enlarged extra‐axial subarachnoid space, and cortical dysplasia. When IUI occurs after the completion of insular opercularization (late second trimester), echoencephalography shows extensive cystic periventricular leukomalacia with bi‐occipital porencephaly and mild defects in gyrogenesis. A late gestation IUI induces aseptic LCMV meningitis with occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius, leading to congenital obstructive hydrocephalus. Congenital LCMV remains underdiagnosed as clinical manifestations are predominantly neurologic. As echoencephalography remains the preferred screening strategy for detecting neonatal central nervous system pathology, prior knowledge of echoencephalography of congenital LCMV may facilitate its recognition, prompting a serological evaluation.
Calcium, Ca2+-ATPase, Calmodulin, and Calbindin D-28KD Localization in Testis of Leptodactylus chaquensis (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Abstract The intracellular localization of Ca2+, Ca2+-ATPase, Calmodulin, and Calbindin D-28KD have been studied in testes of the toad Leptodactylus chaquensis, using ultracytochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The Ca2+ presences in the nucleus and into the mitochondria of the germ cells, together with the activity of Ca2+-ATPase detected in the nuclear envelope and mitochondrial crests, suggest the participation of this transporter in the storage of Ca2+. In Sertoli cells, Ca2+ deposits were also found in vesicles and lamellar bodies. Calmodulin and Calbindin D-28KD were revealed in the cytoplasm of both cell types. At the spermatozoon level, the cation deposits were located in the subacrosomal space and in the acrosomal vesicle. Ca2+-ATPase activity was observed in the acrosomal and plasma membranes of the gamete that suggests the existence of a transport system responsible for maintaining low cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. The activity of Ca2+-ATPase and the location of Ca2+ deposits in gamete tail would be related to flagellar movement. The colocalization of Ca2+ deposits and their binding proteins in efferent duct cells would probably be associated with secretory activity. Considering that intracellular Ca2+ is present in different gonadal cells, this work would provide a better understanding of the cation importance in the testicular functions of this species.
Setting up a research agenda for financing sexual and reproductive health services toward achieving universal health coverage in South Asia

2019 marked the twenty-fifth anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action, where 179 countries committed to advance sexual and reproductive health (SRH). 2019 also marked the political declaration of the high-level meeting on universal health coverage (UHC). These two events in tandem provided the momentum for achieving sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) through UHC. They built on the 2018 Guttmacher-Lancet Commission report that provided a new and comprehensive definition of SRHR and detailed the health services required to achieve them. Furthermore, the Commission argued that investments in these essential SRH services would yield returns in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially universal access (goals 3.7 and 5.6) and universal coverage (goal 3.8) in health. With consensus on these policy commitments, many countries have begun to integrate SRHR services in their country’s UHC reforms. These focus on equity, access to quality services, coverage, and financial protection. Countries adopt multiple sources of financing toward achieving UHC. These include, but are not limited to, health services that are publicly financed and/or provisioned; publicly financed/ operated health insurance programmes, usually for low-income and marginalised groups; publicly financed insurance schemes for government employees; publicly and privately financed workers’ insurance schemes; health insurance/ medical reimbursement through an employer; community health insurance programmes; and privately purchased health insurance. This commentary focuses on the first two: government health services and publicly financed/operated health insurance programmes. Typically, services other than family planning (FP), maternal and child health (MCH), and HIV are not part of the health benefit packages in many countries. The Guttmacher-Lancet Commission recommended the expansion of SRHR to include comprehensive sexuality education; counselling and services for a range of modern contraceptives, with a defined minimum number and types of methods; antenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care, including emergency obstetric and newborn care; safe abortion services and treatment of complications of unsafe abortions; prevention and treatment of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections; prevention, detection, immediate services, and referrals for cases of sexual and gender-based violence; prevention, detection, and management of reproductive cancers, especially cervical cancer; information, This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https:// doi.org/10.1080/26410397.2022. 2040775 COMMENTARY
Randomized controlled trial of Tesomet for weight loss in hypothalamic obesity

Context Hypothalamic injury often leads to rapid, intractable weight gain causing hypothalamic obesity, which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortality. There are no approved or effective pharmacological treatments for hypothalamic obesity, and conventional lifestyle management remains ineffective. Objective To investigate the safety and efficacy of Tesomet (0.5 mg tesofensine/50 mg metoprolol) in adults with hypothalamic obesity. Methods Twenty-one adults with hypothalamic obesity (16 females) were randomized to Tesomet (0.5 mg/50 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks. Patients also received diet/lifestyle counselling. The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included measures of body weight, appetite scores, quality of life, and metabolic profile. Results Eighteen patients completed 24 weeks. Consent withdrawal, eligibility, and serious adverse events (SAE) unrelated to treatment resulted in dropouts. One patient experienced a Tesomet-related SAE of exacerbated pre-existing anxiety leading to treatment discontinuation. Tesomet-related adverse events were otherwise mostly mild and included sleep disturbances (Tesomet 50%, placebo 13%), dry mouth (Tesomet 43%, placebo 0%), and headache (Tesomet 36%, placebo 0%). No significant differences in heart rate or blood pressure were observed between groups. Compared to placebo, Tesomet resulted in additional mean (95% CI) weight change of −6.3% ((−11.3; −1.3); P = 0.017), increased the number of patients achieving ≥5% weight loss (Tesomet 8/13, placebo 1/8; P = 0.046), and tended to augment the reduction in waist circumference by 5.7 cm ((−0.1; 11.5); P = 0.054). Conclusion Tesomet was welltolerated, did not affect heart rate or blood pressure, and resulted in significant reductions in body weight compared to placebo in adults with hypothalamic obesity.
The Digital Brain Bank, an open access platform for post-mortem imaging datasets

Post-mortem MRI provides the opportunity to acquire high-resolution datasets to investigate neuroanatomy, and validate the origins of image contrast through microscopy comparisons. We introduce the Digital Brain Bank (open.win.ox.ac.uk/DigitalBrainBank), a data release platform providing open access to curated, multimodal post-mortem neuroimaging datasets. Datasets span three themes - Digital Neuroanatomist: datasets for detailed neuroanatomical investigations; Digital Brain Zoo: datasets for comparative neuroanatomy; Digital Pathologist: datasets for neuropathology investigations. The first Digital Brain Bank release includes twenty one distinctive whole-brain diffusion MRI datasets for structural connectivity investigations, alongside microscopy and complementary MRI modalities. This includes one of the highest-resolution whole-brain human diffusion MRI datasets ever acquired, whole-brain diffusion MRI in fourteen non-human primate species, and one of the largest post-mortem whole-brain cohort imaging studies in neurodegeneration. The Digital Brain Bank is the culmination of our lab’s investment into post-mortem MRI methodology and MRI-microscopy analysis techniques. This manuscript provides a detailed overview of our work with post-mortem imaging to date, including the development of diffusion MRI methods to image large post-mortem samples, including whole, human brains. Taken together, the Digital Brain Bank provides crossscale, cross-species datasets facilitating the incorporation of post-mortem data into neuroimaging studies.
Higher carbohydrate quality index is associated with better adequate micronutrient consumption in Brazilian women.

INTRODUCTION inadequate consumption of micronutrients is an emerging public health problem that can compromise health. OBJECTIVES to assess whether the quality of dietary carbohydrates is associated with the consumption of 13 micronutrients in a sample of women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS this cross-sectional study included 648 women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System. The association between quality of dietary carbohydrates and adequacy of consumption of 13 micronutrients was investigated using logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounding variables. RESULTS the consumption of micronutrients increased as the quality of carbohydrates improved. The micronutrients with the highest prevalence of inadequate intake were vitamin A, magnesium, manganese, and thiamine. After adjustments using logistic regression models, women in the third tertile of the carbohydrate quality index were less likely to have an inadequate consumption of magnesium (odds ratio (OR), 0.29; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.14-0.59), manganese (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21-0.49), and copper (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12-0.37). CONCLUSIONS intake of a higher quality of dietary carbohydrates is associated with improved adequacy in consumption of most micronutrients in women monitored by the Brazilian Unified Health System, especially magnesium, manganese, and copper, after adjustment using regression models.
Changes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes in Patients Without Pathologic Complete Response After Neoadjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy

PURPOSE Lehmann et al have identified four molecular subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)—basal-like (BL) 1, BL2, mesenchymal (M), and luminal androgen receptor—and an immunomodulatory (IM) gene expression signature modifier. Our group previously showed that the response of TNBC to neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy (NST) differs by molecular subtype, but whether NST affects the subtype was unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that in patients without pathologic complete response, TNBC subtypes can change after NST. Moreover, in cases with the changed subtype, we determined whether epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) had occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the Pan-Pacific TNBC Consortium data set containing TNBC patient samples from four countries, we examined 64 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pairs of matched pre- and post-NST tumor samples. The TNBC subtype was determined using the TNBCtype-IM assay. We analyzed a partial EMT gene expression scoring metric using mRNA data. RESULTS Of the 64 matched pairs, 36 (56%) showed a change in the TNBC subtype after NST. The most frequent change was from BL1 to M subtypes (38%). No tumors changed from M to BL1. The IM signature was positive in 14 (22%) patients before NST and eight (12.5%) patients after NST. The EMT score increased after NST in 28 (78%) of the 36 patients with the changed subtype (v 39% of the 28 patients without change; P = .002254). CONCLUSION We report, to our knowledge, for the first time that the TNBC molecular subtype and IM signature frequently change after NST. Our results also suggest that EMT is promoted by NST. Our findings may lead to innovative adjuvant therapy strategies in TNBC cases with residual tumor after NST. The TNBC molecular subtype and immunomodulatory (IM) signatures frequently change after neoadjuvant systemic therapy.
Static hand gesture recognition based on hierarchical decision and classification of finger features

Abstract Considering that the distinctions among static hand gestures are the difference between fingers sticking out, a method of grouping and classifying hand gestures step by step by using the information of the quantity, direction, position and shape of the outstretched fingers was proposed this paper. Firstly, the gesture region was segmented by using the skin color information of the hand, and the gesture direction was normalized by using the direction information of the gesture contour lines. Secondly, the finger was segmented one by one by using convex decomposition in the hand gesture image based on the convex characteristic of the gesture shape. Thirdly, the features of quantity, direction, position and shape of the segmented fingers were extracted. Lastly, a hierarchical decision classifier embedded with deep sparse autoencoders was constructed. The quantity of fingers was used to divide the gesture images into groups first, then the direction, position and shape features of the fingers were used to subdivide and recognize gestures within each group. The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust as lighting, direction and scale changes and significantly superior to the traditional method both in the recognition rate and the recognition stability.
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of a Falcon aviadenovirus A Strain Associated with Necrotizing Hepatitis in an American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)

A necropsy was performed on an American kestrel (Falco sparverius) with necrotizing hepatitis associated with inclusion bodies, suggesting an adenovirus infection. A next-generation sequencing assay was conducted on the liver, and the coding-complete genome sequence of a Falcon aviadenovirus A strain was revealed. ABSTRACT A necropsy was performed on an American kestrel (Falco sparverius) with necrotizing hepatitis associated with inclusion bodies, suggesting an adenovirus infection. A next-generation sequencing assay was conducted on the liver, and the coding-complete genome sequence of a Falcon aviadenovirus A strain was revealed.
Toward Sleep Study Automation: Detection Evaluation of Respiratory-Related Events

The diagnosis of sleep disordered breathing depends on the detection of respiratory-related events: apneas, hypopneas, snores, or respiratory event-related arousals from sleep studies. While a number of automatic detection methods have been proposed, their reproducibility has been an issue, in part due to the absence of a generally accepted protocol for evaluating their results. With sleep measurements this is usually treated as a classification problem and the accompanying issue of localization is not treated as similarly critical. To address these problems we present a detection evaluation protocol that is able to qualitatively assess the match between two annotations of respiratory-related events. This protocol relies on measuring the relative temporal overlap between two annotations in order to find an alignment that maximizes their F1-score at the sequence level. This protocol can be used in applications which require a precise estimate of the number of events, total event duration, and a joint estimate of event number and duration. We assess its application using a data set that contains over 10,000 manually annotated snore events from 9 subjects, and show that when using the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual standard, two sleep technologists can achieve an F1-score of 0.88 when identifying the presence of snore events. In addition, we drafted rules for marking snore boundaries and showed that one sleep technologist can achieve F1-score of 0.94 at the same tasks. Finally, we compared this protocol against the protocol that is used to evaluate sleep spindle detection and highlighted the differences.
Evaluation of combined late gadolinium‐enhancement and functional cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using spiral real‐time acquisition

The purpose of the current study was to implement and validate joint real‐time acquisition of functional and late gadolinium‐enhancement (LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images during free breathing. Inversion recovery cardiac real‐time images with a temporal resolution of 50 ms were acquired using a spiral trajectory (IR‐CRISPI) with a pre‐emphasis based on the gradient system transfer function during free breathing. Functional and LGE cardiac MR images were reconstructed using a low‐rank plus sparse model. Late gadolinium‐enhancement appearance, image quality, and functional parameters of IR‐CRISPI were compared with clinical standard balanced steady‐state free precession breath‐hold techniques in 10 patients. The acquisition of IR‐CRISPI in free breathing of the entire left ventricle took 97 s on average. Bland–Altman analysis and Wilcoxon tests showed a higher artifact level for the breath‐hold technique (p = 0.003), especially for arrhythmic patients or patients with dyspnea, but an increased noise level for IR‐CRISPI of the LGE images (p = 0.01). The estimated transmural extent of the enhancement differed by not more than 25% and did not show a significant bias between the techniques (p = 0.50). The ascertained functional parameters were similar for the breath‐hold technique and IR‐CRISPI, that is, with a minor, nonsignificant (p = 0.16) mean difference of the ejection fraction of 2.3% and a 95% confidence interval from −4.8% to 9.4%. IR‐CRISPI enables joint functional and LGE imaging in free breathing with good image quality but distinctly shorter scan times in comparison with breath‐hold techniques.
Improved HPLC method for the determination of ribavirin concentration in red blood cells and its application in patients with COVID‐19

Abstract Ribavirin is a synthetic, broad‐spectrum antiviral drug. Ribavirin is recommended as an antiviral drug in the Interim Guidance for Diagnosis and Treatment (the seventh edition) of COVID‐19. The ribavirin levels in red blood cells may be closely related to both its efficacy and adverse drug reactions. In this study, a simple and fast HPLC–UV method was established to determine the concentrations of total ribavirin in the red blood cells of 13 patients with COVID‐19. Phosphorylated ribavirin was dephosphorylated by phosphatase incubation to obtain the total amount of ribavirin in red blood cells. The chromatographic column was an Atlantis C18. The recoveries were 85.45–89.05% at three levels. A good linear response was from 1 to 200 μg/ml, with a correlation coefficient of r 2 = 0.9991. The concentration of total ribavirin in the red blood cells of the patients ranged from 30.83 to 133.34 μg/ml. The same samples without phosphatase incubation ranged from 4.07 to 20.84 μg/ml. About 85% of ribavirin was phosphorylated in red blood cells. In addition, we observed changes in these patients' hematological parameters and found that the erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit declined to the lowest levels on the fifth day after discontinuation of ribavirin (p < 0.05).
Summary on the Methods for Heat-wet Comfortability Evaluation of Cloth

Heat-wet comfortability of cloth was thought as biological thermal balance based on the body-cloth-environment system. It was subjective feeling affected by psychological factors. Six methods for evaluating heat-wet comfortability, namely physical index, microclimate parameter, thermal manikin, physiology evaluation, psychology evaluation and comprehensive evaluation were introduced in this paper.
The crystal structure of diaqua-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-carboxylato-κ2 N,O)cobalt(II)–water–N,N-dimethylformamide(1/2/1), C27H31N3O9Co

Abstract C27H31N3O9Co, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.9230(6) Å, b = 11.1166(8) Å, c = 22.8312(15) Å, β = 93.404(6)°, V = 2767.4(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0349, wR ref (F 2) = 0.0893, T = 200 K.
Democratic Capacity: Election Administration as Bulwark and Target

Headlines decried the fragility of American democracy during the 2020 elections, but extensive institutional structures steered officials in both political parties to certify the results of the election, and independent judges have validated their decisions. Political battles over election laws and procedures are not themselves signs of democracy’s demise, because legal and administrative guardrails contain the degree to which voting rights are threatened. These formidable institutional structures blunted former president Donald Trump’s efforts to overturn the 2020 presidential election and limited the scope and impact of new state legislation to restrict access to voting. The guardrails of elections operated as designed, but Trump’s unfounded charges of fraud coupled with state restrictions are corroding the credibility and fairness of elections. We examine the scope and function of election law and administration to understand how they protected American democracy in the contentious 2020 election.
Democratic Vulnerabilities and Pathways for Reform

A democracy is in trouble. even before the 2016 election, the united States had slipped in international democracy rankings, losing its long-held stature as a “full” democracy and joining the “flawed” democracies (economist Intelligence unit 2020; V-Dem Institute 2021). Scholars of democracy around the world have identified several key weaknesses in American democracy, such as an increasingly dysfunctional government and fraying social cohesion, that undermine the regime’s accountability and responsivness. For decades, political scientists have observed key threats to democracy that have been on the rise: political polarization; conflict—incited by racism and nativism—over the boundaries of American citizenship and the civic status of those in different social groups; soaring economic inequality; and executive aggrandizement (Mettler and Lieberman 2020). the confluence of these threats fueled the candidacy