Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
To Compare the Effect of Alternate Nostril Breathing Exercise and Deep Breathing Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Functions in Prehypertensive Young Adults.

- Prehypertension is viewed as one of the most widely recognized conditions that are influencing individuals everywhere throughout the world. Prehypertension is for the most part connected with a few different difficulties including hypertension. As per the Seventh Report Joint National Committee (JNC-7) arrangement, the circulatory strain among typical hypertension for example SBP 120-139 mmHg or DBP 80-89 mmHg is considered Prehypertension. Alternate nostril breathing & Deep breathing activity increase blood & oxygen stream to the cerebrum to work ordinarily. Breathing is the main capacity of the body that is both willful & uncontrollable. Breathing procedures can affect well-being emphatically. The study sample consists of 60 subjects with prehypertension ages between 18 to 35 years. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Informal & written consent was taken from the subjects. subjects were divided into 30 into each group by using the chit method. Both the groups received 10 min every day for 4 weeks of treatment. Group A: Alternate nostril breathing exercise Group B: Deep breathing exercise BP, RR & PR also taken as an outcome measure. Outcome measurement was measured using Blood pressure (BP), Pulse rate (PR) & Respiratory rate (RR). Significance was assessed at a 5% level of significance p<0.05 (2-tailed hypothesis test considered). The study has shown that active regular alternate nostril breathing & deep breathing exercise 10 minutes daily has considerably reduced each pulse, & blood pressure from 4 weeks. Thus, both exercises are suitable as a primary preventive strategy to attain blood pressure management in prehypertensive subjects
A case study on acyanotic congenital heart disease due to ostium secundum-Atrial septal defect and Mitral Regurgitation

- An Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease is a type of congenital heart disorder in which the blood is shunted from the left part of the heart to the right part of the Heart. An Ostium Secundum ASD is a hole in the middle of the atrial septum. This results in the mixing of the blood from both sides leading to the inefficient working of the heart. A 23-year-old female patient came to the hospital with chief complaints of breathlessness for a year and palpitations on and off. The vitals of the patient seem to be normal. An echocardiogram reveals that the right atrium is dilated and the interatrial septum has an ostium secundum defect. Doppler Ultrasound shows the presence of mild mitral valve regurgitation. paCO 2 is higher than the normal range. Leucocyte count also shows increased levels. From the above clinical investigations, the patient was diagnosed with acyanotic congenital heart disease due to Ostium Secundum atrial septal defect and mild mitral regurgitation. OS-ASD closure was done using the autologous patch made from the pericardium and the mitral valve was repaired. Drugs are given to reduce the signs and symptoms of ASD and to reduce the risk of postoperative complications includes: T. Metolar 100 (Metoprolol), Neb. Levolin (Levosalbutamol), Inj. Heparin and T. Ecospirin (Aspirin). Post-operative treatment includes antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent Infective Endocarditis: Inj. Cefuroxime
A Reflection on Motor Overflow, Mirror Phenomena, Synkinesia and Entrainment

In patients with movement disorders, voluntary movements can sometimes be accompanied by unintentional muscle contractions in other body regions. In this review, we discuss clinical and pathophysiological aspects of several motor phenomena including mirror movements, dystonic overflow, synkinesia, entrainment and mirror dystonia, focusing on their similarities and differences. These phenomena share some common clinical and pathophysiological features, which often leads to confusion in their definition. However, they differ in several aspects, such as the body part showing the undesired movement, the type of this movement (identical or not to the intentional movement), the underlying neurological condition, and the role of primary motor areas, descending pathways and inhibitory circuits involved, suggesting that these are distinct phenomena. We summarize the main features of these fascinating clinical signs aiming to improve the clinical recognition and standardize the terminology in research studies. We also suggest that the term “mirror dystonia” may be not appropriate to describe this peculiar phenomenon which may be closer to dystonic overflow rather than to the classical mirror movements.
Molecular Characterization of Salmonella Species Isolated from Animal Sources in Southern-Taraba State, North-East Nigeria

Aims: The purpose of this research was to detect the Salmonella invA gene from chicken’s droppings in Southern Taraba, North East Nigeria. The invasive “invA” gene facilitates the invasion of epithelial cells by Salmonella isolates. Study Design: This study is experimental research involving ninety-eight (98) Salmonella isolates from chicken droppings in poultry farms and domestic chicken coops. Place and Duration of Study: This research was carried out in Wukari, Donga, Ibi and Takum towns in Southern Taraba, North East Nigeria between November 2021 and May 2023. A total of 400 (Donga,100; Wukari, 100; Ibi, 100 and Takum, 100) Chicken droppings were collected from 40 (Donga, 10; Wukari, 10; Ibi, 10 and Takum, 10) small-scale poultry farms, and 100 (Donga, 25; Wukari, 25; Ibi, 25 and Takum, 25) Chicken droppings were sampled from 20 (Donga, 5; Wukari, 5; Ibi, 5 and Takum 5) domestic chicken coops and analyzed. Methodology: Using standard microbiological techniques, Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) was used to confirm and validate 98 (Wukari; 36, Donga; 19, Ibi; 27, and Takum; 16) Salmonella isolates from stock culture. Isolates were further subjected to biochemical analysis. Boiling technique was used to extract the DNA of the 98 isolates. Salmonella invA gene amplification process was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Electrophoresis was done using agarose gel, and DNA band patterns were visualized with the aid of ultraviolent light (UV) showing different patterns and interpreted with the 100 bp DNA ladder. Results: The results of this study indicate that the invA gene was detected in 80.6% (Wukari; 86.1%, Donga; 68.5%, Ibi;85.2%, and Takum; 75%) of the 98 Salmonella isolates with an amplicon size of 284bp. This finding implies that 19 isolates which did not show the targeted band are not invasive, and even if they are, other invasive genes may be liable. Conclusion: The detection of the invasive invA invasive gene from Salmonella isolates from the fecal droppings of apparently healthy chickens from poultry farms and domestic chicken coops is really of great concern to public health. Unless a proper hygienic protocol and biosecurity measures are strictly adhered to where applicable in food processing chain, Salmonella isolates harboring the invA traits could be opportunistically invasive among immunocompromised individuals and children.
Using Free Air CO2 Enrichment data to constrain land surface model projections of the terrestrial carbon cycle

Abstract. Predicting the responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon to future global change strongly relies on our ability to model accurately the underlying processes at a global scale. However, terrestrial biosphere models representing the carbon and nitrogen cycles and their interactions remain subject to large uncertainties, partly because of unknown or poorly constrained parameters. Parameter estimation is a powerful tool that can be used to optimise these parameters by confronting the model with observations. In this paper, we identify sensitive model parameters from a recent version of the ORgainzing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model that includes the nitrogen cycle. These sensitive parameters include ones involved in parameterisations controlling the impact of the nitrogen cycle on the carbon cycle and, in particular, the limitation of photosynthesis due to leaf nitrogen availability. We optimise these ORCHIDEE parameters against carbon flux data collected on sites from the FLUXNET network. However, optimising against present-day observations does not automatically give us confidence in future projections of the model, given that environmental conditions are likely to shift compared to the present day. Manipulation experiments give us a unique look into how the ecosystem may respond to future environmental changes. One such type of manipulation experiment, the Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment, provides a unique opportunity to assess vegetation response to increasing CO2 by providing data under ambient and elevated CO2 conditions. Therefore, to better capture the ecosystem response to increased CO2, we add the data from two FACE sites to our optimisations, in addition to the FLUXNET data. We use data from both CO2 conditions of FACE, which allows us to gain extra confidence in the model simulations using this set of parameters. We find that we are able to improve the magnitude of modelled productivity. Although we are unable to correct the interannual variability fully, we start to simulate possible progressive nitrogen limitation at one of the sites. Using an idealised simulation experiment based on increasing atmospheric CO2 by 1 % yr−1 over 100 years, we find that optimising against only FLUXNET data tends to imply a large fertilisation effect, whereas optimising against FLUXNET and FACE data (with information about nutrient limitation and acclimation of plants) decreases it significantly.
Delta Boosting Machine with Application to General Insurance

ABSTRACT In this article, we introduce Delta Boosting (DB) as a new member of the boosting family. Similar to the popular Gradient Boosting (GB), this new member is presented as a forward stagewise additive model that attempts to reduce the loss at each iteration by sequentially fitting a simple base learner to complement the running predictions. Instead of relying on the negative gradient, as is the case for GB, DB adopts a new measure called delta as the basis. Delta is defined as the loss minimizer at an observation level. We also show that DB is the optimal boosting member for a wide range of loss functions. The optimality is a consequence of DB solving for the split and adjustment simultaneously to maximize loss reduction at each iteration. In addition, we introduce an asymptotic version of DB that works well for all twice-differentiable strictly convex loss functions. This asymptotic behavior does not depend on the number of observations, but rather on a high number of iterations that can be augmented through common regularization techniques. We show that the basis in the asymptotic extension differs from the basis in GB only by a multiple of the second derivative of the log-likelihood. The multiple is considered to be a correction factor, one that corrects the bias toward the observations with high second derivatives in GB. When negative log-likelihood is used as the loss function, this correction can be interpreted as a credibility adjustment for the process variance. Simulation studies and real data application we conducted suggest that DB is a significant improvement over GB. The performance of the asymptotic version is less dramatic, but the improvement is still compelling. Like GB, DB provides a high transparency to users, and we can review the marginal influence of variables through relative importance charts and the partial dependence plots. We can also assess the overall model performance through evaluating the losses, lifts, and double lifts on the holdout sample.
Evaluating F2 region long term trends using the IRI model: A feasible approximation for experimental trends?

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is a widely used empirical model of the ionosphere based on observations from a worldwide network of ionospheric stations. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that it captures long-term changes in key ionospheric parameters, such as foF2 and hmF2 linked to trend forcings like greenhouse gases increasing concentration and the Earth's magnetic field secular variation. Despite the numerous reported trends in foF2 and hmF2 derived 15 from experimental data and model results, there are persistent inconsistencies that require continuous refinement of trend estimation methods and regular data updates. This ongoing effort is crucial to address the inherent challenges posed by the weak signal-to-noise ratio associated with studying long-term trends in the ionosphere. Furthermore, the experimental verification of these trends remains challenging, primarily due to time and spatial coverage limitations of measured data series. Achieving these needs for long-term trend accurate detection requires extensive global coverage and resolution of ionospheric 20 measurements together with long enough periods spanning multiple solar cycles to properly filter out variations of shorter term than the sought trend. Considering these challenges, IRI-modeled foF2 and hmF2 parameters offer a valuable alternative for assessing trends and obtaining a first approximation of a plausible global picture representative of experimental trends. This work presents these global trend patterns considering the period 1960-2022 using the IRI-Plas 2020 version, which are consistent with other model predictions. A verification was performed for foF2 trends, considering data from 9 mid-latitude 25 stations, and a reasonable level of agreement was observed. It is concluded that IRI model can be a valuable tool for obtaining preliminary approximations of experimental trends
Multidimensional Analysis of Communication Skills in Geriatric Individuals

Background: The prevalence of hearing loss increases significantly with age. Untreated hearing loss causes additional problems such as communication disorders, depression, dementia, isolation from society, loneliness, and decreased quality of life. To investigate the effects of hearing impairment in geriatric population and communication barriers due to hearing impairment and its effects on perception, attention, memory, fine motor skills and quality of life. Methods: Ninety volunteered elderly, aged minimum 65 years with no dementia, participated. Demographic information of the participants was obtained and the Stroop Test, Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly form, quality of life-elderly form, Digit Span Test, and Timed Fine Motor Test were applied respectively. They were divided into 3 groups (no hearing impairment: n = 27; mild to moderate impairment: n = 33; and significant impairment: n = 30) according to the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly. Results: The mean age of the participants was 80.2 ± 7.14 years, and 70% of them had self-reported hearing loss. According to the results of the analysis, the statistically significant differences were found between the hearing impairment scale and memory (P < .05), perception and attention (P < .05), fine motor skills (P < .05), and quality of life (P < .05). Conclusion: In terms of the hearing impairment scale, if the hearing impairment was worse, the quality of life was also worse. The elderly with cognitive communication problems and hearing loss were more likely to experience problems such as perception and attention, memory, and fine motor skills. Developing multidisciplinary early screening protocols for identifying and intervening hearing loss/communication skills potentially reduces such possible risks.
One health system’s morbidity and mortality conference survey: a step on the journey to organizational high reliability

Background: The goal of this study was to understand the state of morbidity and mortality conferences held throughout our health system. Assessment of current approaches is necessary for a journey toward organizational high reliability and an opportunity to reduce unnecessary variation in patient and process outcomes. Study Design: Forty-two anonymous surveys were distributed through the Health System’s Vice-chairs of Quality to those in the best position to answer questions. Answers from all departments and—where semi-autonomous—divisions were solicited. Categories, among others, included written guidelines, who presented, what events were chosen for presentation, and what was done with the data. Results: Forty-one surveys were returned. Seventeen departments or divisions have written guidelines as to which events should be reported. Twenty-two of the departmental or divisional conferences present selected cases, only 13 present all mortalities. Decisions on how events are classified are made most often by the director of Quality with 13 responses. There was no consensus on how best to enhance the clinical learning environment for residents and fellows. Conclusion: Opportunities identified by our survey to reduce practice variation include best practices for written guidelines and standardized classification formats for morbidity and mortality events. A mortality committee charged with event review and classification should be considered. Lastly, more effort should be made to enhance the clinical learning environment of trainees in event review and presentation.
Quadrature-based models for multiphase and turbulent reacting flows

The simulation of physical systems requires accurate and robust methods with relatively low cost and it is still the challenge in many applications of engineering processes, specifically in multiphase flow systems. Soot formation, distribution of the aerosols in the atmosphere, reactive precipitation, and combustion modeling are some examples of these processes. Computer simulations of theses systems require a model that can be adapted to that reality. In this study, a quadrature based method of moments (QBMM) is used to address the problems related to the reactive multiphase flow systems. First, the log-normal kernel density function is implemented into the extended quadrature method of moments (Ln-EQMOM). Ln-EQMOM is verified reconstructing the NDF and calculating the moments of a distribution obtained by the linear combination of two log-normal distributions. Later, this numerical procedure is used for problems of aggregation and breakup of fine particles to solve the population balance equation (PBE). The results are compared to the rigorous solutions reported for the cases under consideration (Vanni, 2000). Finally, the method is verified using two analytically known problems (e.g. coalescence and condensation). In comparison to EQMOM with Γ kernel density function (Yuan et al., 2012), Ln-EQMOM is faster in terms of computations and it preserves the moments more accurately. Then EQMOM with β kernel density function is implemented to approximate the solution of the transport equation for the composition probability density function (PDF) of a passive scalar using the Fokker-Planck model to treat the molecular mixing term. The results then compared in a similar condition to those obtained with direct numerical simulation (DNS). The L2 norm of the PDF is reported for two test cases that have been considered. Later the new approach is introduced to address the problems includes the mixing and reaction. Conditional quadrature method of moments (CQMOM) and using the joint composition PDF for the mixture fraction and progress variables, it is possible to address the problems with two consecutive competitive reactions, one reaction and fast reaction, all includ-
Output‐feedback adaptive tracking control of stochastic nonlinear systems using multi‐dimensional Taylor network

In this paper, an adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) control scheme based on the backstepping and dynamic surface control (DSC) is developed to solve the tracking control problem for the stochastic nonlinear system with immeasurable states. The MTNs are used to approximate the unknown nonlinearities, and then based on the multivariable analog of circle criterion, an observer is first introduced to estimate the immeasurable states. By combining the adaptive backstepping technique and the DSC technique, an adaptive MTN output‐feedback backstepping DSC approach is developed. It is shown that the proposed controller ensures that all signals of the closed‐loop system are remain bounded in probability, and the tracking error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood around the origin in the sense of probability. Finally, the effectiveness of the design approach is illustrated by simulation results.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF DIGITAL MEDIA IN ADOLESCENT’S BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS THEIR FOOD HABITS

Digital media is the extensive platform in the lives of adolescents. Where they can easily share and upload some content based on communication. As the particular view of promotion through media are commonly used by our younger generation that is wide open towards the unhealthy food and beverages which is evidently influencing the adolescents to adopt unfavourable eating habits. Obesity, hypertension, overweight and other health issues are the following issues exposed in maximum number. The results originally suggested such unhealthy marketing are a significant effect of influencer and celebrity endorsement as well as over screen time, advergaming and overly access the content of non-core foods images or videos. This study provides exact assumption of adolescent’s behaviour in the eating of healthy and unhealthy foods in distinguishing between the online result and family instructions. These reviews are combined with other following examples in order to not create unfairness in the following paper process and also to provide some of the effective measures targeting the screen-based marketing as well as the health of young people.
Fast Disintegrating Tablets Over Other Solid Dosage Form: A Comprehensive Review

: Such appliances are becoming an increasing amount more sophisticated as pharmaceutical researchers gain a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical features that are relevant to the efficacy of drug delivery systems. Fdt disintegrating tablets, also known as FDTs, have garnered a lot of attention over the past three decades as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets and capsules due to improved patient compliance. This is because FDTs disintegrate in the mouth instead of being swallowed whole. This is due to the fact that FDTs can dissolve in the mouth, meaning that they do not need to be swallowed. Oral disintegrating tablets, often known as FDTs, are solid dosage forms that, when put on the tongue, release their contents rapidly, typically in a few seconds or less. FDTs include active pharmaceutical substances. In the 1980s, FDT technologies first began releasing their products into the marketplace. Since then, there has been a consistent rise in the demand for these items, and FDT technologies are moving quickly to expand their product pipelines to meet this demand. The latest FDT technologies cater to a diverse range of requirements posed by both the pharmaceutical industry and individual patients. These needs span from improved life-cycle management to more convenient dose for paediatric, geriatric, and psychiatric patients who have difficulty swallowing. One example of the former of these needs is the necessity for patients with difficulties swallowing to be able to take their medication. As a result of this, a number of academic institutions as well as business companies have found the motivation to develop novel fdt disintegrating formulations and technological techniques in this sector. In this article, the development of FDTs, the challenges that were encountered during formulation, new FDT technologies and evaluation methodologies, the suitability of drug candidates, and the potential for the future will be discussed.