Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Single-crystalline epitaxy and twinned structure of vanadium dioxide thin film on (0001) sapphire

thin films prepared by pulsed-laser ablation have been investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, x-ray pole-figure, Rutherford backscattering/channelling and electrical measurements. The results show that films deposited on (0001) sapphire substrates grow with well determined orientations in the plane: and out of the plane: . The aligned-to-random ratio of backscattered yield of the spectra can be as low as 5%, and the electrical resistivity changes by a factor of during the phase transformation with a hysteresis loop width of , which implies that both the structure and the properties of the film are very close to those of bulk single-crystal . The (010)-oriented film `prefers' to form twinned structure with domain walls. Molybdenum substitutional doping up to the level of 1.5 at. % does not degrade the crystal quality.
Visualization of brainwaves using EEG to map emotions with eye tracking to identify attention in audiovisual workpieces

Abstract: This article describes a brainwave visualization system using EEG and Eye Tracking in order to map the emotional relationship of individuals with audiovisual workpieces, especially attention and taste. Using the Design Science Research method, the artifact was specified, implemented and tested with 10 subjects, using a horror movie trailer. A preliminary and a post-test questionnaire was presented to the participants. The results indicate patterns of emotional identification with the film, which can be interpreted as an inclination to watch the film in movie theaters or a repulsion to the theme/genre of the film. In conclusion, this research points to an advance in evaluation of audiovisual workpieces, contemplating unconscious emotional elements of subjective perceptions about the watched content.
Bodies Like Yours: Enquiring Data Privacy in FemTech

The digitalisation of the reproductive body has seen a myriad of cutting-edge technologies to prioritise neglected intimate health and care topics, such as fertility and contraception. The impact of these intimate data on livelihood and society is pervasive including that privacy is critical to safeguarding security as this increasing digitalisation also produces increasingly large datasets. In this paper, we enquire the collective nature of privacy in female-oriented technologies (FemTech) to show how this ever-extending collection of data implicates many beyond the individual. We introduce a pilot study on the data collection practices of a subset of FemTech devices with fertility tracking service. We demonstrate that data is collected about the user and others, such as their immediate relationships and user groups as a whole. We suggest that it is critical we ask who is vulnerable and discuss approaches to mitigate collective harm.
Noticing the Environment – A Design Ethnography of Urban Farming

Sustainable HCI attempts to shift focus beyond humans, to care for both ourselves and our environment. In this paper, we build on this growing interest and contribute with a design ethnography of urban farming. We focus on practices of observing and gathering data about the environment which we frame as ‘noticing’. In our analysis, three approaches to noticing the environment were identified, and design suggestions were developed for each approach: Green Thumbs (control-oriented), Dirty Nails (sensibility-oriented) and BeeNoculars (appreciation-oriented). The design suggestions, presented as posters, focus on ways to improve the alignment of the acquisition and display of data with the identified approaches. We discuss two themes: the noticing and balancing of systemic relations and needs, and sensory-rich experiences of the environment. The paper contributes to a broader discussion in HCI of how technologies could create a different understanding of and relationship to the environment.
The Best of Both Worlds: Designing a Tiered Hybrid Interface for Teaching Machine Learning in K-9 Education

We designed Machine Learning Machine 2.0, a tiered hybrid interface allowing learners to create simple machine learning (ML) models using a tangible user interface and further inspect and tinker with them using a graphical user interface. This design experiment investigates how the two interaction styles can complement each other when used in the same educational tool to make ML concepts more approachable and prompt learners’ investigation of ML processes. The Machine Learning Machine 2.0 was designed in a co-design process with teachers and tested in a pilot study with pupils aged 13 to 15, where we found that the combination of interaction styles scaffolded pupils in forming and testing hypotheses about ML and discussing ML processes. Based on these experiences, we provide design recommendations and future directions for designing tiered hybrid interfaces for teaching about complex computational technologies, such as machine learning, in K-9 education.
EMPRESS: Accelerating Scientific Discovery through Descriptive Metadata Management

High-performance computing scientists are producing unprecedented volumes of data that take a long time to load for analysis. However, many analyses only require loading in the data containing particular features of interest and scientists have many approaches for identifying these features. Therefore, if scientists store information (descriptive metadata) about these identified features, then for subsequent analyses they can use this information to only read in the data containing these features. This can greatly reduce the amount of data that scientists have to read in, thereby accelerating analysis. Despite the potential benefits of descriptive metadata management, no prior work has created a descriptive metadata system that can help scientists working with a wide range of applications and analyses to restrict their reads to data containing features of interest. In this article, we present EMPRESS, the first such solution. EMPRESS offers all of the features needed to help accelerate discovery: It can accelerate analysis by up to 300 ×, supports a wide range of applications and analyses, is high-performing, is highly scalable, and requires minimal storage space. In addition, EMPRESS offers features required for a production-oriented system: scalable metadata consistency techniques, flexible system configurations, fault tolerance as a service, and portability.
Using Metaphorical Design to Reveal New Perspectives in Systems Design – Insights From a Participatory Design Workshop for Research Data Platforms

Metaphorical design is a Participatory Design technique suitable for problem setting and concept development. The technique can be particularly constructive when designing (computer) systems in an already digitalized environment. In such contexts, designers might be tempted to draw on readily available technical solutions, thus hampering the discovery of new perspectives. Our use case is the development of a research data platform that aims to provide innovative functionality, especially for assessing and exploring digital resources. We developed a participatory workshop format adapting metaphorical design that first creates a shared understanding of the context and then guides participants to generate metaphors using a projective technique. We show how we used these metaphors to understand the participants’ model of the research data platform, to identify possible domains of activities, and to stimulate new viewpoints on the research data platform and its functionality. With this paper, we provide an application example of the adapted metaphorical design process, propose a metaphor evaluation matrix, and discuss the findings.
Systems Engineering your MBSE implementation: Where are you on your MBSE journey?

Those attending the annual INCOSE MBSE Workshops may have noticed a move away from tool‐type discussions to organization culture change discussions. INCOSE MBSE Initiative believes that tools and technology are no longer the problem, organization adoption and culture issues are standing between you and MBSE benefit realization. MBSE‐enabling organization change will require a systems approach to bring about significant culture changes to take advantage of these MBSE tool solutions. A critical first step is knowing where your organization is in this journey. As one of the fundamental systems engineering (SE) tenets states, “define the problem before you solve it”.
A Catalogue of KAOS Extensions

KAOS, a goal-based modeling language, has been extended since its creation. Searching for existing KAOS extensions and their constructs is a task that can be the start point for requirements modeling or for the creation of new KAOS extensions. This search can be performed by using strings searches in databases or through a catalogue that supports them. This exploratory task about extensions can take a great deal of time and be prone to failure when performed without specific and adequate support. catalogues have been used successfully to bring together a body of knowledge, including knowledge of modeling language extensions. Motivated by this scenario, this work proposes a catalogue of extensions to the KAOS modeling language. The results suggest that the proposed catalogue can be used to retrieve information about extensions and their constructs correctly and that it is easy to use.
Non-Deterministic Abstract Machines

We present a generic design of abstract machines for non-deterministic programming languages, such as process calculi or concurrent lambda calculi, that provides a simple way to implement them. Such a machine traverses a term in the search for a redex, making non-deterministic choices when several paths are possible and backtracking when it reaches a dead end, i.e., an irreducible subterm. The search is guaranteed to terminate thanks to term annotations the machine introduces along the way. We show how to automatically derive a non-deterministic abstract machine from a zipper semantics – a form of structural operational semantics in which the decomposition process of a term into a context and a redex is made explicit. The derivation method ensures the soundness and completeness of the machines w.r. t. the zipper semantics. This work presents a generic framework for the definition of complete abstract machines that implement a non-deterministic reduction relation in a systematic way. The idea is to go through a term to find a redex without following a specific strategy, picking arbitrarily a subterm when several are available – e.g., going left or right of an application in λ -calculus. The two main ideas are: (1) the machine should not remain stuck when it chooses a subterm which cannot reduce – in such a case we make it backtrack to its last choice; (2) the machine should not endlessly loop searching for redexes in subterms which cannot reduce – the machine annotates the subterms which are normal forms to prevent itself from visiting them again.
Construction System Failures: Frame Notation of Project Pathogens and their Propagation Across Time and System Hierarchy

A construction system is an organizational and technological system that produces buildings or civil engineering structures for human use by fabricating and installing materials into an integrated structure according to design specifications. Failures of such construction systems materialize in various forms, including defective design, rework, and dysfunctional building systems. Frequent accidents and building defects in the construction sector clearly indicate that our society still needs to improve the safety of construction systems. Research studies on how major accidents and minor defects occur are often conducted in isolation by different researchers, and existing system safety concepts and frameworks are not necessarily suited to handling the dynamic nature of temporary multiple organizations (TMOs)—a feature that characterizes the uniqueness of construction projects. We need a framework that can better describe failures specific to construction, and capture the wide spectrum of these failures. Here, we build on concepts from system safety research to develop a graphical notation with “frames” and system hierarchy as the main components to illustrate how pathogens are generated and propagated by defective processes and end up embedded in the physical structure.
Reduced dimensionality and magnetic frustration in KCr3As3

Thenon-magnetic state has ﬁve Fermi surface sheets involving respectively three quasi-one-dimensionaland two three-dimensional energy bands. However, the ground state is magnetic, exhibiting a novelinterlayer antiferromagnetic order where the basic block-spin state of a unit Cr triangle retains a highspin magnitude. Moreover, its Fermi surface involves three one-dimensional sheets only, providingevidence for local moments in this compound due to the reduced dimensionality. By ﬁtting a twistedspin tube model the magnetic frustrations caused by local moments are found to be relaxed, leadingto gapless spin excitations. A frustration-induced transition to the disordered low block-spin stateis expected upon increasing the intralayer exchange interaction.
Optimization of arsB (Acr3) as a positive selection marker in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

The use of cyanobacteria as bio-factories for production of numerous compounds of interest (biofuels, bioplastics …) has attracted lots of attention mainly due to their simple nutritional requirements, coupled with the decrease in atmospheric CO2 levels. However, although cyanobacteria are easily genetically manipulated, there are few genetic tools developed and, in some cases, the modifications necessary for metabolic engineering are limited for this reason. We have developed a new positive selection marker based on the arsenic resistance system of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. In this cyanobacterium, resistance to arsenic is mediated by the arsBHC operon in which arsB encodes an arsenite transporter whose mutation confers hypersensitivity to the presence of both arsenite and arsenate. Using arsB mutant strain (SARSB) as recipient we introduced plasmids containing both arsB and an antibiotic resistance gene and transformants were selected using either arsenic or the antibiotic with similar efficiency. The plasmids and conditions to use the arsB gene as a selectable marker have been optimized. Furthermore, we have generated an integrative vector to delete the whole arsBHC operon that allows easy introduction of regulated genes in this locus. Analysis of this strain have shown that the ΔarsBHC mutant has a higher sensitivity to arsenite than the SARSB strain, even when they are complemented with an arsB copy. These suggest that arsH, arsC or both could have an additional role in arsenite resistance.
Resolving chaperone-assisted protein folding on the ribosome at the peptide level

The cellular environment is critical for efficient protein maturation, but how proteins fold during biogenesis remains poorly understood. We used hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) to define, at peptide resolution, the cotranslational chaperone-assisted folding pathway of Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. On the ribosome, the nascent polypeptide folds via structured intermediates not populated during refolding from denaturant. Association with the ribosome allows these intermediates to form, as otherwise destabilizing C-terminal sequences remain confined in the ribosome exit tunnel. We find that partially-folded nascent chains recruit the chaperone Trigger factor, which uses a large composite hydrophobic/hydrophilic interface to engage folding intermediates without disrupting their structure. In addition, we comprehensively mapped dynamic interactions between the nascent chain and ribosomal proteins, tracing the path of the emerging polypeptide during synthesis. Our work provides a high-resolution description of de novo protein folding dynamics, thereby revealing new mechanisms by which cellular factors shape the conformational search for the native state.
Growth cone advance requires EB1 as revealed by genomic replacement with a light-sensitive variant

A challenge in analyzing dynamic intracellular cell biological processes is the dearth of methodologies that are sufficiently fast and specific to perturb intracellular protein activities. We previously developed a light-sensitive variant of the microtubule plus end tracking protein EB1 by inserting a blue light-controlled protein dimerization module between functional domains. Here we describe an advanced method to replace endogenous EB1 with this light-sensitive variant in a single genome editing step enabling this approach in human induced pluripotent stem cells and derived neurons. We demonstrate that acute and local optogenetic EB1 inactivation in developing cortical neurons induces microtubule depolymerization in the growth cone periphery and subsequent neurite retraction. In addition, advancing growth cones are repelled from areas of blue light exposure. These phenotypes were independent of the neuronal EB1 homolog EB3, revealing a direct dynamic role of EB1-mediated microtubule plus end interactions in neuron morphogenesis and neurite guidance.
Environmental, social and morphological drivers of fission–fusion dynamics in a social ungulate

Social groups exist because individuals within the group accrue a net benefit from sharing space. The profitability of sociality, however, varies with ecological context. As ecological context varies, tension emerges among the costs and benefits of social grouping. Fission-fusion societies are fluid in their group dynamics across spatial and temporal contexts, permitting insights into how context affects whether animals choose to join or depart a group. We tested four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses driving variation in fission and fusion in caribou: the risky places, environment heterogeneity, activity budget, and social familiarity hypotheses. The risky places hypothesis predicts animals are unlikely to diffuse when habitats are open and risk of predation is elevated. The habitat heterogeneity hypothesis predicts that fission is more likely in a heterogeneous landscape due to the rising conflicts of interest between group members. The activity budget hypothesis predicts dyads associate by body size due to similar food passage rates. The social cohesion hypothesis predicts that familiar individuals are less likely to fission. We tested the hypotheses using time-to-event (time before fission) analyses and a linear model that assesses spatial, social, and body size relationships among female caribou (n = 22) on Fogo Island, Newfoundland, Canada. Contrary to our prediction for risky places, probability of fission was not influenced by habitat openness. The hypothesis of environmental heterogeneity was partially supported, as caribou remained less cohesive in environments with a higher richness of habitats. No direct evidence emerged to support the activity budget hypothesis. However, it appears that caribou maintain the strongest social bonds among variably sized individuals and these social bonds do decrease the propensity to split. Collectively, our findings showed that social interactions may depend not only on individual identity and characteristics, but also the spatial context in which these interactions occur.
Measuring Poverty Persistence

This chapter reviews the literature on the measurement of poverty persistence. The review has two parts. We first cover the literature on poverty persistence indicators which develops “principled”, descriptive summary measures. We then review the econometric literature which teases out the determinants of poverty persistence. Finally, we describe the challenges and limitations the literature on poverty persistence face.
Aquasomes as Pharmaceutical Carrier for Advanced Drug Delivery the Properties, Methods of Preparation and Promising Applications

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT Aquasomes are nanoparticle carrier systems, anyway, they are three-layer self-collected structures made out of a strong stage nanocrystalline center covered with an oligomeric film to which biochemically dynamic particles adsorb regardless of change. Aquasomes are 60-300nm circular particles utilized for medication and antigen delivery. Aquasomes were discovered using principles from microbiology, food chemistry, biophysics, and several other discoveries such as solid-phase synthesis, supramolecular chemistry, molecular shape modification, and self-assembly. Tin oxide, brushite, and nanocrystalline carbon-ceramic (diamond) are the basic materials commonly used in the manufacture of aquasomes (calcium phosphate dihydrate). Because it occurs naturally in the body, calcium phosphate is the focus of attention. Brushite is an unstable mineral that, when stored long enough, transforms into hydroxyapatite. Therefore, hydroxyapatite seems to be the most suitable substrate for aqua some formation. It is widely used in the manufacture of drug delivery implants. The carbohydrate layer protects alongside dehydration and stabilizes the biochemically active molecules, while the solid core provides structural stability.
Identifying shared priorities for a bioregional approach to restoration in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

Natural resource management is often challenged with a mismatch between the scale of decision-making and the scale of the biological, ecological, and physical processes that control a system. Bioregional approaches to adaptive management have emerged as an approach to inform natural resource management at ecologically relevant scales and across multi-level governance structures. The implementation of adaptive management requires the determination of ecological and social priorities that can inform a desired system state across multiple governing bodies. We use the Northern Gulf of Mexico, United States, as a case study for a bioregional approach to adaptive management and illustrate a method for developing objectives and management priorities across programs and jurisdictions. Through this synthesis, using qualitative coding methods to develop a shared vocabulary across the diverse dataset, we identified commonalities and differences in ecological and human community priorities across the five states which line the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Using these shared priorities, we conceptualize a network of priority-focused objectives as a starting point for further stakeholder engagement and effectively monitoring and evaluating progress across boundaries. This approach serves as a framework for cross-program adaptive management by illustrating a desired system state that reflects the shared priorities among decision-making authorities in this region and offering individual programs or projects a method to articulate their contributions to the broader set of shared priorities Gulf-wide. This method can be used by restoration managers in any region of the world to align project objectives within cross-jurisdictional boundaries and illustrate the value of a bioregional approach to restoration.