Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stereopsis following delayed strabismus surgery in early-onset strabismus

PURPOSE: Improved stereoacuity following delayed strabismus surgery is associated with long-term alignment of eyes and reduced severity of amblyopia. The objective of this study is to evaluate stereopsis following delayed strabismus surgery in early-onset strabismus. METHODS: It is a hospital-based prospective, nonrandomized, interventional case study. Thirty patients with early-onset strabismus (before 3 years of age), presenting after 6 years of age were included. History taking and full orthoptic workup was done. Stereopsis was tested with Titmus Fly Chart test. The patients were treated surgically to correct strabismus and were followed up for 3 months. Quantitative parameters were compared between preoperative and postoperative follow-up at 3 months using McNemar test, Chi-square test, and independent t-test. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients who had gross stereopsis preoperatively, nine of them (42.86%) attained fine stereopsis at 3 months postoperatively (P = 0.003, McNemar test). Ten (33.33%) of 30 patients had amblyopia and three out of 30 patients (10%) had preoperative “nil” stereopsis. Of the patients who showed improvement (16 of 30 patients – 53.33%), most of the improvement was observed in (a) exodeviations (56.25%, n = 9), (b) earlier age of presentation-before 10 years of age (47.36%, n = 9). CONCLUSION: The benefits of surgical correction of early-onset strabismus include improvement in stereopsis. Therefore, even in an early-onset squint with a delayed presentation rehabilitation of stereopsis should be the goal of treatment.
A Comprehensive Review on Cannabis sativa Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Molecular Docking and Biological Activities

For more than a century, Cannabis was considered a narcotic and has been banned by lawmakers all over the world. In recent years, interest in this plant has increased due to its therapeutic potential, in addition to a very interesting chemical composition, characterized by the presence of an atypical family of molecules known as phytocannabinoids. With this emerging interest, it is very important to take stock of what research has been conducted so far on the chemistry and biology of Cannabis sativa. The aim of this review is to describe the traditional uses, chemical composition and biological activities of different parts of this plant, as well as the molecular docking studies. Information was collected from electronic databases, namely SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed and Web of Science. Cannabis is mainly popular for its recreational use, but it is also traditionally used as remedy for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes, digestive, circulatory, genital, nervous, urinary, skin and respiratory diseases. These biological proprieties are mainly due to the presence of bioactive metabolites represented by more than 550 different molecules. Molecular docking simulations proved the presence of affinities between Cannabis compounds and several enzymes responsible for anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiepileptic and anticancer activities. Several biological activities have been evaluated on the metabolites of Cannabis sativa, and these works have shown the presence of antioxidant, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective and dermocosmetic activities. This paper presents the up-to-date reported investigations and opens many reflections and further research perspectives.
ESCA determination of fluorocarbon lubricant film thickness on magnetic disk media

Fluorocarbon films are in extensive use as lubricants for Winchester-type disks, to reduce disk head wear and to reduce friction during landing and start-up. This paper describes a particularly precise and simple method of measuring the average, relative thickness of such films using ESCA spectroscopy. Film thicknesses are measured with a typical precision of 5% of value (lσ), over the operational range of these films.
Association of variations in the CAT and prognosis in lung cancer patients with platinum-based chemotherapy

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between ATM, ATR and CAT polymorphisms and prognosis of lung cancer patients received platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS: 404 patients with lung cancer who received platinum-chemotherapy were enrolled and DNA typing was performed. Cox regression analysis and stratification analyses was performed to assess relationships between OS and PFS with SNPs genotypes. The prognosis of lung adenocarcinomaand squamous cell carcinomapatients was analyzed with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database according to the grouping of CAT expression. RESULTS: CAT rs769217 was significantly related to PFS of patients with lung cancer who received platinum-chemotherapy. In the Additive model, rs769217 was associated with PFS (HR = 0.747, 95% CI = 0.581–0.960, p = 0.023). In the Dominant model, CT and TT genotypes led to lung cancer progression 0.738 times more than CC genotype. In stratification analyses of association between CAT rs769217 polymorphisms and PFS, the HR of patients at stage IV in additive model was 0.73, and HR was 0.745 (p = 0.034) in dominant model. For OS analyses, HR was 0.672 in the older lung cancer patients (>55 years old) in additive model. Meanwhile, in the Dominant model, it was found that the older patients with CT and TT genotypes had better prognosis, and the risk of death after receiving platinum-based chemotherapy was 0.692 times that of patients with CC genotype (p = 0.037). TCGA data shows that LUAD patients with high CAT expression have longer OS (p = 0.020). CONCLUSION: CAT rs769217 is significantly related to PSF of platinum-based chemotherapy in lung cancer patients and may be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of lung cancer patients with platinum-based chemotherapy.
Cortical activation and functional connectivity during locomotion tasks in Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait

Background Freezing of gait (FoG) is a severely disabling symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The cortical mechanisms underlying FoG during locomotion tasks have rarely been investigated. Objectives We aimed to compare the cerebral haemodynamic response during FoG-prone locomotion tasks in patients with PD and FoG (PD-FoG), patients with PD but without FoG (PD-nFoG), and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Twelve PD-FoG patients, 10 PD-nFoG patients, and 12 HCs were included in the study. Locomotion tasks included normal stepping, normal turning and fast turning ranked as three difficulty levels based on kinematic requirements and probability of provoking FoG. During each task, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to capture concentration changes of oxygenated haemoglobin (ΔHBO2) and deoxygenated haemoglobin (ΔHHB) that reflected cortical activation, and recorded task performance time. The cortical regions of interest (ROIs) were prefrontal cortex (PFC), supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor cortex (PMC), and sensorimotor cortex (SMC). Intra-cortical functional connectivity during each task was estimated based on correlation of ΔHBO2 between ROIs. Two-way multivariate ANOVA with task performance time as a covariate was conducted to investigate task and group effects on cerebral haemodynamic responses of ROIs. Z statistics of z-scored connectivity between ROIs were used to determine task and group effects on functional connectivity. Results PD-FoG patients spent a nearly significant longer time completing locomotion tasks than PD-nFoG patients. Compared with PD-nFoG patients, they showed weaker activation (less ΔHBO2) in the PFC and PMC. Compared with HCs, they had comparable ΔHBO2 in all ROIs but more negative ΔHHB in the SMC, whereas PD-nFoG showed SMA and PMC hyperactivity but more negative ΔHHB in the SMC. With increased task difficulty, ΔHBO2 increased in each ROI except in the PFC. Regarding functional connectivity during normal stepping, PD-FoG patients showed positive and strong PFC-PMC connectivity, in contrast to the negative PFC-PMC connectivity observed in HCs. They also had greater PFC-SMC connectivity than the other groups. However, they exhibited decreased SMA-SMC connectivity when task difficulty increased and had lower SMA-PMC connectivity than HCs during fast turning. Conclusion Insufficient compensatory cortical activation and depletion of functional connectivity during complex locomotion in PD-FoG patients could be potential mechanisms underlying FoG. Clinical trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry (URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR2100042813).
Implementation of ubiquitous chromatin opening elements as artificial integration sites for CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knock‐in in mammalian cells

CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated targeted gene integration (TI) has been used to generate recombinant mammalian cell lines with predictable transgene expression. Identifying genomic hot spots that render high and stable transgene expression and knock‐in (KI) efficiency is critical for fully implementing TI‐mediated cell line development (CLD); however, such identification is cumbersome. In this study, we developed an artificial KI construct that can be used as a hot spot at different genomic loci. The ubiquitous chromatin opening element (UCOE) was employed because of its ability to open chromatin and enable stable and site‐independent transgene expression. UCOE KI cassettes were randomly integrated into CHO‐K1 and HEK293T cells, followed by TI of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) onto the artificial UCOE KI site. The CHO‐K1 random pool harboring 5′2.2A2UCOE‐CMV displayed a significant increase in EGFP expression level and KI efficiency compared with that of the control without UCOE. In addition, 5′2.2A2UCOE‐CMV showed improved Cas9 accessibility in the HEK293T genome, leading to an increase in indel frequency and homology‐independent KI. Overall, this assessment revealed the potential of UCOE KI constructs as artificial integration sites in streamlining the screening of high‐production targeted integrants by mitigating the selection of genomic hot spots.
A method for integrating the boundary-layer equations through a region of reverse flow

If a region of reverse flow remains confined within a boundary layer the conventional boundary-layer equations should continue to apply downstream of the point of detachment of the surface streamline (ω = 0). Nevertheless, standard numerical techniques fail in the presence of backflow since these methods become highly unstable and, in addition, neglect the upstream flow of information. A procedure for numerically integrating the boundary-layer equations through a region of reverse flow which takes downstream influence into account is therefore presented. This method is then applied to the problem of uniform flow past a parallel flat plate of finite length whose surface has a constant velocity directed opposite to that of the main stream. Although singularities occur at both the point of detachment (xs) and reattachment (xr) of the ω = 0 streamline, this integration technique provides a solution which ceases to apply only in the close proximity of these singular points. From this solution it is evident that, throughout a large portion of the separated region, the flow is strongly affected by conditions near xr, thereby demonstrating the importance of allowing information to be transmitted upstream in a region of backflow. Near (xs), however, it is found that, in spite of the presence of reverse flow, the solution has a self-similar form in this particular example.
Young Astrocytic Mitochondria Attenuate the Elevated Level of CCL11 in the Aged Mice, Contributing to Cognitive Function Improvement

Aging drives cognitive decline, and mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of age-induced neurodegeneration. Recently, we demonstrated that astrocytes secrete functional mitochondria (Mt), which help adjacent cells to resist damage and promote repair after neurological injuries. However, the relationship between age-dependent changes in astrocytic Mt function and cognitive decline remains poorly understood. Here, we established that aged astrocytes secret less functional Mt compared to young astrocytes. We found the aging factor C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) is elevated in the hippocampus of aged mice, and that its level is reduced upon systemic administration of young Mt, in vivo. Aged mice receiving young Mt, but not aged Mt improved cognitive function and hippocampal integrity. Using a CCL11-induced aging-like model in vitro, we found that astrocytic Mt protect hippocampal neurons and enhance a regenerative environment through upregulating synaptogenesis-related gene expression and anti-oxidants that were suppressed by CCL11. Moreover, the inhibition of CCL11-specific receptor C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) boosted the expression of synaptogenesis-related genes in the cultured hippocampal neurons and restored the neurite outgrowth. This study suggests that young astrocytic Mt can preserve cognitive function in the CCL11-mediated aging brain by promoting neuronal survival and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus.
Effects of Processing Methods and Inclusion Levels of Dried Garlic on In Vitro Fermentation and Methane Production in a Corn Silage-Based Substrate

Simple Summary Herbs and spices have been used because they show antimicrobial properties. In this regard, garlic might modify rumen fermentation and potentially reduce methane. However, the effect of garlic inclusion on in vitro fermentation and methane production has been variable. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels and processing methods of garlic on in vitro fermentation and methane production using a corn silage-based substrate. The initial condition of the garlic (intact or smashed), drying process (freeze-dried, oven-dried, or autoclaved), and garlic proportion in the diet (0, 2.5, and 5%) were evaluated in vitro. Thus, three different incubations were conducted, and in vitro fermentation and methane emissions were evaluated after 24 h of incubation. Neither the initial condition nor the drying process of garlic modified the fermentation and methane production. However, increasing garlic inclusions increased in vitro digestibility and the concentration of volatile fatty acids and ammonia and modified the proportion of acetate and propionate, suggesting greater in vitro fermentation. Methane was not affected when garlic was increased. Further work should be conducted in vivo to confirm the fermentation improvement when garlic is included in a corn silage-based diet. Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) contains secondary compounds that are known to modify rumen fermentation parameters and decrease methane (CH4) emissions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of increasing the inclusion levels and processing methods of garlic on in vitro fermentation and CH4 production. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, where the main factors were the initial condition of garlic (intact or smashed), drying process (freeze-dried, oven-dried, or autoclaved), and garlic proportion in the diet (2.5 and 5%) and one control (without garlic supplementation). Incubations were conducted using corn silage and cotton-gin trash (80:20, respectively) as basal substrates on three different days. Final pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), total gas production, and CH4 concentration were determined after 24 h. Initial garlic condition or drying processing neither modify (p > 0.05) the in vitro fermentation nor the CH4 production. However, increasing garlic inclusion linearly increased (p < 0.05) IVOMD, the concentration of the total VFA, and the proportion of propionate. Also, the concentration of NH3-N and the proportion of acetate increased quadratically (p < 0.05) with greater garlic inclusions. Finally, garlic inclusion did not affect (p > 0.05) gas and CH4 production. In conclusion, increasing garlic levels, but not the processing methods, improved in vitro fermentation but did not modify CH4 emissions under in vitro conditions.
Machine Learning Methods of IoT Security and Future Application

One of the technologies that are now expanding rapidly is called the Internet of Things (IoT). It is a technology that enables billions of smart devices or things, collectively referred to as “Things,” to collect a variety of data about themselves and the environment in which they are located using a variety of sensors. They can then share data with parties who have been permitted to do so for a variety of objectives, such as the management and monitoring of industrial services or the expansion of company services or operations. However, there are presently more security risks associated with the Internet of Things than ever. The field of machine learning (ML) has recently experienced significant advancement in technology, which has resulted in the opening of various new lines of inquiry that may be used to address existing and upcoming issues related to the Internet of Things. Nevertheless, machine learning is a robust technology that can recognize suspicious dangers and activities in smart devices and grids. The authors of this paper conducted an extensive literature review on Machine Learning methods and the significance of IoT security in the context of various types of potential attacks. After that, they compared several different ML algorithms regarding the detection of attacks and anomalies. Additionally, many machines learning-based Internet of Things protection systems have been presented.
Compact narrow linewidth semiconductor laser module

Frequency noise reduction of semiconductor lasers using electrical feedback from an optical frequency discriminator is an efficient and simple approach to realize narrow linewidth lasers. These lasers are of great interest for applications such as LIDAR, RF photonics and interferometric sensing. In this paper, we review the technological choices made by TeraXion for the realization of its Narrow Linewidth Laser modules. The method enables to decrease the linewidth of DFB lasers from several hundreds of kHz to a few kHz. We present the work in progress to integrate such system into a miniature package and to incorporate advanced functionalities such as multi-laser phase locking.
Pointing in Real Euclidean Space

We treat the following problem. Given two vectors of the same length, e nd an orthogonal transformation that transforms one to the other. This problem arises in many different engineering e elds. In particular, it arises in aerospace engineering, where it is called the pointing problem. We establish the theoretical background of the pointing problem in n and thusalso in three-dimensional space. Wegivea straightforward solution to this problem, but because it is not unique, we widen the scopeof the problem, dee ne thenotionsof minimal pointing and optimal pointing, and require that the sought matrix be not only orthogonal but also a minimal, or an optimal, pointing. We then give an illustrative solution in three dimensions and then extend the solution to n dimensions using two different approaches, which we present and prove. Several examples are given in three and four dimensions. The three-dimensional examples are used to illustrate the characteristics of the solution.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF EIGENVALUES OF A MATRIX

In this paper (Theorem 1'), we have proved that all the eigenvalues λ of any complex matrix A∈Cn×n Lin in the following disk The area of the disk is smaller than the areas defined bv the same class formulas. The centre of the disk is the point which represent the average value of all the eigenvalues. If we look on n eigenvalue points as n same particles, then the centre of the disk is centre of gravity (centre of mass) for the particle system constituted by the n particles. So the disk can represent the integer position of all eigenvalues. It is computed easily and can be used to whole complex matrices. In addition, there are two more accurate theorems in this paper (Theorems 1 and 2).
Spinor fields in an Einstein universe: Finite-temperature effects

The finite-temperature corrections to the vacuum energy density of scalar, neutrino, and photon fields in an Einstein universe are calculated by using the statistical-mode-sum technique with the aid of the Poisson summation formula. The theory of relativistic time-temperature Green's functions in static space-time is also considered and used to calculate the temperature correction to the neutrino-field vacuum energy density. Asymptotic limits of low and high temperature are discussed for each case.
Configurations of 2-spheres in the K3 surface and other 4-manifolds

A current theme in the theory of 4-manifolds is the study of which properties of complex surface are determined the underlying smooth 4-manifold. For instance, the genus of a complex curve in a complex surface is determined by its homology class, via the adjunction formula. Recent work in gauge theory [10–12] has shown that, to a great degree, a similar principal holds for an arbitrary (i.e. not necessarily complex) smooth representative of a 2-dimensional homology class. Another question, still unsolved even in the context of algebraic geometry, is to find the number of disjoint rational curves on a complex surface. The classical case, namely that of hypersurfaces in CP3, has only been settled for degrees d ≤ 6. The papers [1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 15] contain bounds on the number of such curves and constructions of surfaces with many ( — 2)-curves; the last two together establish that 65 is the correct bound in degree 6.
Analysis of second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves using a combined method in a two-layered solid waveguide

Within the second-order perturbation treatment, the present work analyzed the complex second-harmonic generation of Lamb waves in a two-layered solid waveguide by combining the modal analysis method and the nonlinear reflection of acoustic waves at interfaces. The formal solution of the second-harmonic field is obtained on the basis of the modal analysis approach, from which a phase matching modification factor can be determined. The solution of the cumulative second-harmonic displacement field derived from the nonlinear reflection of acoustic waves at interfaces can be modified by multiplying the phase matching modification factor, and then be more general and applicable for the total second-harmonic field of Lamb wave propagation. Numerical computation results show that amplitude of the second-harmonic displacement increases clearly with propagation distance when the phase velocity of a double frequency Lamb wave (DFLW) component is exactly or approximately equivalent to that of the primary Lamb wave pr.
Diversity of New Martian Crater Clusters Informs Meteoroid Atmospheric Interactions

We investigated 634 crater clusters on Mars detected between 2007 and 2021, which represent more than half of all impacts discovered in this period. Crater clusters form when meteoroids in the 10 kg–10 ton mass range break up in Mars' atmosphere to produce a few to a few hundred fragments that hit the ground. The properties of the clusters can inform our understanding of meteoroid properties and the processes that govern their fragmentation. We mapped individual craters >1 m within each cluster and defined a range of cluster properties based on the spatial and size distributions of the craters. The large data set, with over eight times more cluster observations than previous work, provides a more robust statistical investigation of crater cluster parameters and their correlations. Trends in size, dispersion, and large crater fraction with elevation support weak atmospheric filtering of material. The diversity in the number of individual craters within a cluster, and their size‐frequency distributions, may reflect either a diversity in fragmentation style, fragility, or internal particle sizes.