Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Metabolites of Large Yellow Croaker and Construction of Swimming Model

A trend in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) aquaculture is to establish new production sites that are suitable for extreme weather conditions. However, continuous and strong currents can harm fish welfare. To determine the location of the net cage, it is necessary to assess the swimming ability of large yellow croaker. Currently, our research on large yellow croakers is focusing on behavior analysis. This article investigates the effect of swimming large yellow croakers on metabolites in the body by examining the preferred speed of the group and the endurance swimming ability of single-tailed fish. We evaluated the factors that influence the large yellow croaker’s swimming fatigue by quantifying the content of metabolites and constructed the endurance swimming model using those results. Various results showed large yellow croaker populations tend to grow in low-velocity environments, and this matches their traditional habitat. The samples were taken at different swimming times at a flow rate of 0.35 m/s. According to the results of the metabolite content determination, blood glucose levels is closely related to swimming ability in large yellow croakers. The content of liver glycogen, which regulates blood glucose concentration, decreases in a certain linear relationship. The endurance swimming model of large yellow croaker was constructed according to the changes of liver glycogen content. The goals of this article are to provide a deeper understanding of the physiological characteristics of large yellow croaker swimming, and to provide a reference for choosing fishing and cage sites for large yellow croaker.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. & Thonn.) Taub. Stem Bark Extracts in Drug-induced Toxicities in Rats

Hepatotoxicity is an issue of global concern because of numerous liver-related deaths over the years. In addition, the conventional hepatoprotective and hepatocurative drugs used are more expensive, not easily accessible, and sometimes have serious adverse effects. These reasons account for why many have resorted to traditional plant medicines. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and hydroethanolic stem bark extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera, a commonly used traditional medicinal plant, in paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicities in rats. Pulverized stem bark samples of 500 g each were soaked in 1000 mL boiled water and 1000 mL 50% hydroethanol respectively for 24 hours and filtered. Filtrates were concentrated over a water bath and designated as aqueous stem bark extract (ASE) and hydroethanolic stem bark extract (HSE). Extracts were evaluated for LD 50 value, phytochemical constituents, free radical scavenging effects and heavy metals. Fifty-seven male Wistar albino rats weighing 120-180 g were divided into nineteen groups (n=3/group). The LD 50 for both extracts were found to be above 5000 mg/kg b.wt. This study showed HSE had higher amounts of phytochemicals than ASE. Again, this study also showed that HSE and ASE had greater levels of liver percentage protection than Silymarin. Furthermore, the liver antioxidant profile study proved that HSE and ASE could protect the liver. These results suggest that ASE and HSE, through their antioxidant activities, have hepatoprotective and hepatocurative effects against paracetamol and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicities in rats and could be developed as potential liver protective agents.
Soft Optical Sensor and Haptic Feedback System for Remote and Robot-Assisted Palpation

Robotic palpation shows significant potential to improve the accuracy and speed of tumor identification. How-ever, robotic palpation mechanisms often lack haptic feedback, making it difficult for the surgeon to identify variations in tissue stiffness. This paper presents a soft optical sensor integrated with a wearable haptic glove for tumor detection during robotic palpation. The sensor contains an array of optical waveguides that can detect the presence of tumors embedded within a tissue phantom. Detection of a tumor results in an optical loss from the waveguide signal, triggering proportional inflation of the soft microfluidic actuators in the glove. The glove consists of four modular actuators placed at the fingertips, each corresponding to a sensing location on the waveguide array. The inflation of each actuator is proportional to the incident loss on the palpation sensor array, which is dependent on tumor depth. Thus, the glove is capable of alerting the user to the location of tumors during remote palpation.
Aberystwyth University Terminator Operon Reporter

Synthetic biology is characterized by the development of novel and powerful DNA fabrication methods and by the application of engineering principles to biology. The current study describes Terminator Operon Reporter (TOR), a new gene assembly technology based on the conditional activation of a reporter gene in response to sequence errors occurring at the assembly stage of the synthetic element. These errors are monitored by a transcription terminator that is placed between the synthetic gene and reporter gene. Switching of this terminator between active and inactive states dictates the transcription status of the downstream reporter gene to provide a rapid and facile readout of the accuracy of synthetic assembly. Designed specifically and uniquely for the synthesis of protein coding genes in bacteria, TOR allows the rapid and cost-effective fabrication of synthetic constructs by employing oligonucleotides at the most basic purification level (desalted) and without the need for costly and time-consuming post-synthesis correction methods. Thus, TOR streamlines gene assembly approaches, which are central to the future development of synthetic biology. Synthetic biology is an emerging discipline that aims to apply engineering principles to biology and has the potential to drive a revolution in biotechnology 1 . The discipline has progressed particularly as a result of the implementation of novel and powerful DNA construction techniques that allow for efficient assembly and manipulation of sequences both in vitro and in vivo 2,3 . At the most basic level among DNA fabrication strategies, gene synthesis 4 is a key pillar supporting synthetic biology. Despite extraordinary advances in recent years, the chemistry behind gene synthesis is not yet an error-free process. A fundamental source of sequence errors in synthetic genes derives from the presence of upstream mutations, most commonly deletions or insertions, in the oligonucleotide pool used to prepare the assembly 5 . Several methods have been developed to reduce the error rate in the final construct such as the
The Academics’ Perceptions of Islamic Entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

: The goal of this research study is to critically examine the topic of Islamic entrepreneurship from a critical standpoint. According to all most all indications, the subject of Islamic entrepreneurship received little attention. The purpose of this study is to provide some light on the subject. The findings of this study will open up new chances for future academics, government officials, and commercial companies. This research constructed by Using a mix of critical appraisal of contemporary research and empirical analysis of academics' perspectives of Islamic entrepreneurship in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A). The findings of a review of contemporary literature and survey analysis demonstrate that Islamic standards, viewpoints, practices, and so on, have a significant impact on entrepreneurship in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and elsewhere. Several research perspectives are recommended in the study. Furthermore, it may provide assistance to civic and private companies in order to promote entrepreneurship.
Um algoritmo genético especializado aplicado ao planejamento da expansão do sistema de transmissão com alocação de dispositivos de compensação série

This paper proposes a new method for representation of the long-term transmission expansion planning model. The main contribution of this approach is that the developed mathematical model permits to consider the installation of series compensation devices. With the inclusion of these devices, in this new formulation, the objective function becomes non-linear and the behavior of the constraints related to Kirchhoff laws becomes ever more non-linear and complex. In order to validate the proposed model, studies are conducted to verify the active power flow behavior in the presence of series compensation devices. A specialized genetic algorithm, with integer and real codification, was implemented to solve this model. The optimization solution supplies the amount and the local where new transmission lines and series compensation devices must be installed. In the case of series compensation devices, the compensation level capability is also provided. The impacts caused by the installation of the series compensation devices are presented though detailed studies by using the IEEE 24 bus system. The results show that the method has great potential to be applied to real long-term transmission expansion planning problem.
A J C SIAN OURNAL OF HEMISTRY A J C SIAN OURNAL OF HEMISTRY

Different fruit peel wastes have a scope of utilizing in green synthesis of various transition metal oxide nanoparticles (TrMONPs). This articles reveals about the physical properties and their applications of green synthesized TrMONPs mediated through fruit peel wastes. Various transition metal nanoparticles like Ag, Au, Ti, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pd have been synthesized successfully by peels of mango, banana, pomegranate, apple and other citrus fruits. The SEM analysis revealed that the most of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were spherical in the range of 10 to 15 nm and have wide applications as antimicrobial agents, sensors, conducting materials, etc . ZnONPs were synthesized by mediated through most of the fruit peels found in range of 20 to 50 nm (spherical shape) with applications as photocatalyst. TiO 2 nano-particles synthesized were spherical and hexagonal with high optical properties as well as UV absorbent nature targeting applications in cosmetics. The other metals viz . Au Cu, Ni, Pd nanoparticles synthesized mediated citrus fruit peels showed crystallinity. SEM analysis confirmed the surface morphology while XRD confirmed the high crystallinity of the metals nanoparticles. FT-IR have been widely used by the researchers for confirmation of new bond formation in nanoparticles. It is also evident that scandium and vanadium from 3 d -series and other 4 d -transition metals are less approachable and not used in fruit peel waste mediated green synthesis. The nanoparticles of Ni, Pd, Zr, Cu, Fe and other metals (TrOMNPs) have also been found with optimum surface area and size less than 10 nm for adsorption due to which these have application as catalyst in many organic synthesis. Other applications are biochar, bio-sorbent, carbon dots, edible films, heavy metals absorption, waste water treatment and in medicinal fields. Furthermore, approaches that can aided into development of these nanoparticles is the perspective towards incorporating green methods like laser ablation, sol-gel process, microwave heating, chemical vapour deposition and hydrothermal/solvothermal process into production of fruit wastes derived metal nanoparticles. Recent trends of researchers are towards nanosorbents for the removal of air and water pollutants along with other fields by using fruit and food wastes material.
Modeling nutrient (N, P, Si) budget in the Seine watershed: Application of the Riverstrahler model using data from local to global scale resolution

The deterministic Riverstrahler model that simulates nutrient transfer from land‐based sources to the sea through the drainage network has been successfully applied to a number of large watersheds ranging from 20,000 to 800,000 km2. In order to assess the feasibility of upscaling such a model in view of its worldwide application based on global databases of hydrology, climate, population, land use, and lithology, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out. The response of the model to differing scales of input data, both high‐resolution local data and low‐resolution global data, is examined, applying the model to the well‐documented Seine River basin. The results show that the evaluation of the overall annual fluxes of nutrients delivered at the outlet of a basin can be correctly predicted even from low resolution input data, provided that (1) the total discharge and seasonal hydrological regime are correctly simulated; (2) the drainage network description does not neglect tributaries that drain more than approximately 4000 km2 watershed area; and (3) the total point sources of nutrients as well as their distribution between the different stream orders are estimated (phosphorus being the most sensitive among the considered nutrients to point sources distribution). Diffuse sources of nutrients can be assessed from low‐resolution land use and lithological data. As a result of this study, the capacity of statistical/empirical formulas to assess annual fluxes of nutrient delivery appears comparable to that of deterministic drainage network models, but the latter are particularly suited to predict seasonal variations of riverine nutrient delivery and its elemental ratios.
Bedding error in triaxial tests on granular media

When conventional end platens are used in the triaxial test, frictional forces are developed at the sample ends and specimen deformation adjacent to the platens is restrained resulting in non-uniform loading and deformation of the test specimen. The note describes the use of lubricated platens so that lateral restraint is not developed. The compression of the free-ends, called the bedding error, is due to the initial lack of fit between the sample surface and the lubricated platen and penetration of the grease and disc layer by particles of the specimen. Details are given of the method and apparatus used to determine bedding error which is independent of sample height and must be expressed as a deformation and not as a strain. It is shown that during loading, bedding error can account for up to 80 per cent of the observed axial deformation when lubricated platens are used in constant effective stress ratio tests. The error occurring in initial loading is considerably larger than that during unloading and reloading. After several load cycles, bedding deformation is totally recoverable. The magnitude of the bedding error is shown to be directly proportional to the logarithm of the major principal effective stress over a wide range. Its magnitude increases non-linearly with particle size and increases with sample porosity. (TRRL)
A new approach to Corystospermales based on Triassic permineralized stems from Argentina

Anatomically preserved mature stems of late Middle Triassic corystosperms from the Paramillo Formation of Argentina are described and assigned to Cuneumxylon spallettii gen. nov. et sp. nov. The silicified specimens show features of the pith, primary xylem and successive rings of secondary xylem and phloem. The most striking characteristic is the anomalous secondary growth, represented by secondary xylem bounded by arcs of secondary phloem probably derived from successive repositioned cambia. Cuneumxylon has two kinds of unusual centrifugal secondary growth. The first shows unequal activity of different portions of the cambium on the circumference of the axes; the consequent restriction of cambial activity to certain restricted areas develops wedged stems, which often split. The second produces polyxylic stems following supernumerary cambial activity. As in extant plants growing in arid regions, the included phloem and the associated parenchyma may have had functional value avoiding desiccation of the outer tissues of the stem during droughts. Anatomical features of other Corystospermaceae were used to determine systematic affinities and to establish relationships among medullosans, corystosperms and cycads.
Elektriliini trasside puitse biomassi modelleerimine/ Modelling of woody biomass on electricity pylons

Abstract The aim of this study was to model regression equations for the volume of oven dry stems, branches and leaves/needles in relation to tree height and to estimate the growth of biomass on electricity pylons. A formula of linear regression between moisture and acidity of soil was also modeled in order to assess the volume of woody biomass. In 2009, 42 sample areas with 126 circular plots were created. The sample areas were located all over Estonia in order to render a wide representation of soil types. The plots were re-measured in 2012. The sample areas consisted of three circle plots divided into a series of 4m wide, distance between centers of circles was 10m. One hundred twenty two trees from the sample areas were felled in 2009 and 182 in 2012. The data of sample trees were analyzed and regression equations to estimate the growth of trees in sample areas were calculated. The average oven dry mass for stems and branches was 1970 kg/ha, with a maximum of 10,520 kg/ha. Leafless biomass growth was also calculated for each sample plot: the largest growth (in carbon soil) was 1562 kg/ha/y. The density of trees in the sample plots were the biggest influence on annual growth. The number of trees varied up to 200,000 with an average of 48,000 trees per hectare. The study also includes the results of research into the relationship between biomass production and soil properties.
Depth and character of rock weathering across a basaltic‐hosted climosequence on Hawai‘i

Using field observations and geochemical and digital terrain analyses, we describe the structure and thickness of the regolith across a climosequence on the island of Hawai‘i to gain insight into the relative roles of precipitation and the near‐surface hydrologic structure in determining weathering patterns. In the wet portion of the climosequence, where the long‐term water balance is positive, the regolith thickness reaches an observed maximum of ~40 m and appears limited by the geomorphic base‐level of the landscape. However, even within this thick regolith, distinct units of varying weathering intensity occur; the vertical ordering of which largely reflects differences in the initial permeability structure of the basalt flows rather than a systematic decrease in weathering intensity downwards from the ground surface. In the dry portion of the climosequence, where the long‐term water balance is negative, the regolith thickness is confined to ~1 m, is highly dependent on the inferred permeability structure of the basalt flows, and is independent of geomorphic base‐level. Weathering intensity also varies according to permeability structure and decreases in this thin regolith with distance beneath the ground surface. The abrupt change in regolith depth and character that coincides with the transition from net‐positive to net‐negative long‐term water balance implies that small changes in precipitation rates around a neutral water balance result in large changes in the distribution and depth of weathering. Together our observations indicate that the distribution and depth of weathering in basalts (and probably other lithologies) might be best understood by considering how precipitation interacts with the complicated near‐surface permeability structure over regolith‐forming timescales to weather rock in the vadose zone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental impacts of surface mining on mined lands, affected streams and agricultural lands in the Dabaoshan Mine region, southern China

Impacts of surface mining on ecosystems were investigated in the Guangdong Dabaoshan Mine region, southern China. Significant soil acidification has been induced by mining activities which cause oxidation of metal sulfides contained in the mine spoils. Natural colonization of vegetation in the mine site has been impeded and this has resulted in severe soil erosion. Acid mine drainage from this mine site has caused the degradation of the downstream aquatic ecosystems. Mine water with pH< 3·5 has been continuously flowing into a first‐order tributary of the Beijiang River and has destroyed all the aquatic life to a distance of at least 25 km downstream of the discharge point, even when the pH rose to above 6 in the Hengshishui River (a third‐order tributary of the Beijiang River). Further downstream, macroinvertebrates first occurred at about 30 km from the discharge point, and only one species was found. This is in contrast to a reference site that was not affected by acid mine drainage, where 36 macroinvertebrate taxa were found. Acidic mine water also had marked impacts on the agricultural lands irrigated with it. Severe contamination of the soils by mine drainage is responsible for the extremely high concentrations of some heavy metals in the edible portions of a variety of food crops grown on the agricultural lands. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences between static and dynamic elastic moduli of a typical seismogenic rock

SUMMARY Static and dynamic elastic moduli of Calcare Massiccio mudstone-limestone, the typical seismogenic rock in the Italian Apennines, are measured using a standard uniaxial static compression test, a dual cantilever forced oscillation test and ultrasonic measurement of elastic wave velocities. These measurements cover nine decades in frequency including the seismic domain. Neither a significant frequency dependence nor a pronounced strain amplitude dependence was observed, providing a Young's modulus of (75 ± 7) GPa and a Poisson's ratio of (0.28 ± 0.02). These values are characteristic of Calcare Massiccio in undamaged condition.