Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decrease in adhesion force at silica-mica interface with short contact time due to dynamic formation process of liquid bridge revealed on an AFM

ABSTRACT The influence of instrumental parameters of an atomic force microscope (AFM) on adhesion forces demands clarification. Adhesion forces between a tipless cantilever and mica were measured in a humid environment to investigate the influence of instrumental parameters. The adhesion force measured repeatedly at a location is relatively stable with excellent reproducibility. The force abnormally decreases by ~10% with dwell time (0 ~ 0.4 s), then remains almost stable (0.4 ~ 10 s). The reason was the dynamic formation process of a liquid bridge. Due to a large driving pressure, the volume of the liquid bridge can increase intensely to the maximum one, which is larger than that in saturation. This leads to the reduction in the bridge by liquid flow, eventually resulting in the decrease. The force increases by a small magnitude with approach velocity and then remains stable. However, it increases logarithmically with retraction velocity and increases with piezo velocity with a concave downward shape in the logarithmic coordinate. The velocity dependence was ascribed to the dynamic enhancement of viscous force and the contact time dependence. The outcomes may help to understand the influence of instrumental parameters, and deepen the understanding of the formation mechanism of a liquid bridge.
High Protein Gluten Free Snack Foods Based on Whole Grain Flour and Vegetables

Novel snack foods comprised of various combinations of whole grains and vegetables were evaluated for consumer acceptability in sensory booths by seventy-one in-house volunteers. Specifically, snacks containing Buckwheat (B), Buckwheat + Peanut meal + Kale (BPK), Sorghum + Peanut meal + Okra (SPO), and Sorghum + Peanut meal + Okra + Jalapeno (SPOJ) were judged for appearance, aroma, flavor and texture on a scale from one to five, as well as on overall acceptability on a binary scale. Several combinations of ingredients were evaluated, with the final composition of snacks tested decided by consensus of laboratory personnel based on criteria of expected consumer acceptability of 70%. While all snacks were found to be statistically similar for appearance, aroma, and flavor, the texture of BWPK and SPO were rated significantly equal and more favorable than BW and SPOJ. Acceptability ratings were generally high; SPOJ (94%), BPK (93%), SPO (89%), and B (85%), with no significant difference, observed between SPOJ and BPK (p = 0.05). The snack foods evaluated are higher (up to triple) in protein, lower (as low as half) in fat, are gluten-free with no added sugar, and generally higher in nutritional content as compared to most traditional snack foods. While ideally suited for commercial production, these snacks can also be easily prepared at home with minimal equipment requirements, thus offering a healthy alternative for all consumers including vegetarians, vegans, and those hypersensitive to gluten.
Aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Type of funding sources: None. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Aspirin is widely used in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Its use in primary prevention, particularly in CKD, is less clear. Previous reviews have offered inconclusive findings for the benefit of aspirin in CKD. Recent trials have been completed that may help provide more conclusive answers in CKD. This study aimed to assess the role of aspirin in the primary prevention of CVD and its associated adverse events in individuals with CKD. A pre-defined protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD42014008860) was used. The OVID Medline and EMBASE databases were searched for studies from 1996 to the 15th September 2020. Abstracts and full-texts were screened independently by two reviewers. Randomised controlled trials that compared aspirin to placebo in individuals with non-endstage CKD without CVD nor primary renal disease were included. The primary outcomes of interests were: CVD, major and minor bleeding events. Secondary outcomes of interest were: all-cause mortality, coronary artery disease and stroke. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate a pooled relative risk (RR). Five trials were included with 434 CVD events in 7,825 individuals with CKD. Aspirin offered no statistically significant benefit in reduction of CVD events (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.57, 1.09) but significantly increased both minor (RR = 2.62, 95%CI: 1.64, 4.20) and major bleeding (RR= 1.51, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.02) events compared to placebo. Aspirin conferred no benefit for all-cause mortality (RR= 0.89, 95%CI: 0.64, 1.22), coronary heart disease (RR= 0.66, 95%CI: 0.27, 1.63) and stroke (RR= 0.94, 95%CI: 0.55, 1.58). Aspirin cannot be recommended for the primary prevention of CVD in individuals with CKD as it offers no conclusive benefit and increases the risk of bleeding. Other strategies to optimise CVD primary prevention in individuals with CKD should be prioritised.
ff ects of pre-harvest calcium and gibberellic acid on tissue calcium content , quality attributes , and in relation to postharvest disorders of late-maturing sweet cherry

Six Ca(NO3)2 sprays at 0.3% and 0.6% from pit hardening (PH) to 1 week before harvest (1WBH) most effectively increased Ca uptake in sweet cherry (Prunus avium). Low concentration (< 0.3%) did not affect the absorption of Ca; high concentration (> 1.6%) caused burning of leaf margins. Fruit treated with Ca had greater fruit firmness (FF), soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) and fewer disorders than untreated fruit while retaining marketable color and size. A single, low concentration of GA3 combined with Ca sprays enhanced Ca uptake, cracking resistance, and FF without delaying maturation. When Ca plus GA3 sprays were reduced to four times, Ca uptake was retarded, but had an equal or greater benefit than Ca sprays alone. The 5-d harvest delay in combination-treated fruit did not affect skin color, but these fruit had reduced Ca levels at harvest and displayed stem browning after storage.
Shared Membership Beyond National Identity: Deservingness and Solidarity in Diverse Societies

Liberal nationalists argue that identification with the nation promotes feelings of mutual obligation, including support for redistribution. Existing attempts to test this hypothesis have focused on whether the higher sense of national identity among the majority increases support redistribution. We argue for a twofold shift in focus. First, beyond the majority’s own national identity, we need to explore their perceptions of whether minorities share this identity. Second, we need to shift from one-dimensional ideals of ‘identity’ to more complex ideas of attachment and commitment. Do members of the majority view minorities as committed to the nation and willing to make sacrifices for it? Drawing on a custom-designed online survey in Canada, we show that three salient out-groups (Aboriginal peoples, French-speaking Canadians and immigrants) are seen by majority respondents as less committed to Canada, and that this is a powerful predictor of support for general and inclusive redistribution.
Wage Determination, Socio-Economic Regulation and the State

This article examines changes in socio-economic regulation and the role of the state in the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Sweden and Germany, against the background of the theoretical debate on transition from Fordist to post-Fordist growth strategies. The first focus is on reforms in the labour market and the welfare state, and their effect on the political and social processes through which wage norms are generalized in a national economy. The second is on the changing role of the state as an institutional form. The article starts from some basic assumptions of the regulation approach and delineates the status of the concepts of wage relation and wage determination, on the one hand, and the state, on the other. It then considers the debate over modifications to these concepts in the transition from Fordist to post-Fordist growth strategies, drawing on the trajectories of the five countries.
Canais de comercialização do pescado de água doce: um estudo em municípios da mesorregião Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul

O Brasil apresenta aspectos ambientais favoraveis para a producao de peixe, com isso, tem apresentado constante crescimento. O Rio Grande do Sul e um estado que apresenta grande potencial de crescimento da atividade, principalmente, na comercializacao de pescados. No entanto, existem alguns entraves que dificultam a venda de pescado no estado. O presente estudo teve como objetivos identificar e caracterizar os canais de comercializacao utilizados pelos piscicultores da mesorregiao Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, para escoar sua producao. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco municipios da mesorregiao Noroeste, os quais apresentaram o maior volume de pescados comercializados em 2017, sendo eles: Ajuricaba, Barra Funda, Chapada, Nova Ramada e Tenente Portela. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre janeiro e marco de 2020, foram realizadas 64 entrevistas, com a utilizacao de roteiro de pesquisa semiestruturado. Os resultados evidenciam que os principais canais utilizados pelos piscicultores da Mesorregiao Noroeste foram os intermediarios e os frigorificos. Enquanto os canais curtos, devido as caracteristicas da regiao e sistemas produtivos, sao pouco utilizados. O estudo ainda aponta que uma das principais dificuldades encontradas na comercializacao esta relacionada a pouca valorizacao do produto e as dificuldades no momento de receber pelo produto comercializado.
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Agronomic Traits,Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Brassica napus of "ZhongShuang 11" under Different Densities

【Objective】The aim of the study was to obtain the biological characteristics and cultivation techniques of high yield and high efficiency of "ZhongShuang 11" rapeseed. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of N fertilizer on agronomic traits,yield,quality and N use efficiency of "ZhongShuang 11" rapeseed under direct-sowing and different densities in the Chengdu plain from 2010 to 2012. 【Results】The results showed that plant height,branch height and pods per plant tended to increase with increasing N fertilizer in two years.The yieldfirstly increased and then decreased with increasing N fertilizer and there was no significant difference in yield when N fertilizer was in the range of 180-360kgN/hm2.There was no significant difference in branch number and main inflorescence length among different N treatments(90-360kgN/hm2)under the conditions of direct-sowing and high density.Seed oil content decreased with increasing N fertilizer and had higher values during the range of 90-180kgN/hm2.With the increase of N fertilizer,N agronomic efficiency(AEN),N apparent recovery efficiency(REN),N partial factor productivity(PFPN)and N physiological efficiency(PEN)of " ZhongShuang 11" rapeseed showed a decrease trend on the whole but the parameters in N180 treatment had relatively high values.As for N fertilizer contribution rate(NCR),no significant differences within the scope of 180-450kgN/hm2 were observed but the NCR in N90 treatment was significantly lower than that of other N treatments. 【Conclusion】Under the soil fertility conditions of Chengdu plain,in order to apply mechanical sowing and harvesting for "ZhongShuang 11" rapeseed,high yield(≥3 000kg/hm2)cultivation measures may include proper early sowing(in late September),high planting density(36×104 plants/hm2)and reasonable N fertilizer(180kgN/hm2).
Effects of Traditional Srichiangmai dance on Balance and Mobility in the Elderly

215 SUMMARY Background. Previous research indicates that slow movement dance exercise can stimulate function of core muscles effectively may improve physical fitness and balance among older adults. Methods. This study investigated the effects of Traditional Srichiangmai dance on balance and mobility in the elderly. Ninety participants aged 60-75 years, the data was normally distributed, were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: A Traditional Srichiangmai dance group (TSD) (n = 45) and a walking group (WG) (n = 45). TSD program comprised 15 postures, 4 rounds of dance techniques sessions of 30 minutes, 3 time per week over the course of 12 weeks, while the WG kept their walking exercise. Before and after the training, the tests of health-related physical fitness (HRF) variables composed of body composition, general physiology, balance and mobility performance, were assessed using standardized tests including the Functional reach test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test, (TUG), 6-minute walk test Chair stand test and Arm curl test for 30 seconds. Results. The results revealed that in both groups, Physiological variables including heart rate rest, systolic blood pressure decreased while VO2max increased, higher than the pre-test values (p ≤ 0.05). FRT and TUG was better for those in TSD compared to the WG. There was significant in the FRT (p ≤ 0.001) for those in the dance group. TSD had faster movement, took shorter time and performed a better score in the TUG after training (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions. After 12 weeks, Traditional Srichiangmai dance significantly improved balance and mobility among older community-dwelling as potentially prevent age-related mobility and balance decline as well as its related fall risk.
Data Mining Techniques for Pandemic Outbreak in Healthcare

Pandemic outbreaks such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and Covid-19 have attracted worldwide attention since these viruses have affected many countries and become a global public health issue. In 2019, Covid-19 was announced as a pandemic disease and categorized as a public health emergency globally. It is ranked as the sixth most serious pandemic internationally. This pandemic tracking and analysis require an appropriate method that gives better performance in terms of accuracy, precision and recall that defines its pattern since it involves huge and complicated datasets from the pandemic. Pattern identification is currently applied in many instances due to the rapid growth of data besides having the potential to generate a knowledge-rich environment which can help to significantly improve the quality of clinical decisions and identify the relationships between data items. Therefore, there is a need to review the techniques in data mining on the pandemic outbreak that focuses on healthcare. The goal of this study was to analyze the algorithms from the data mining method that had been implemented for pandemic outbreaks in past research such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and Covid-19. The result shows that 2 main algorithms, namely Naïve Bayes and Decision Tree, from the classification method, are appropriate algorithms and give more than 90% accuracy in both the pandemic and healthcare. This will be further considered and investigated for future analysis on large datasets of Covid-19 which can help researchers and healthcare practitioners in controlling the infection of the coronavirus using the data mining technique discussed.
Kinematic Prediction and Experimental Demonstration of Conditioning Process for Controlling the Profile Shape of a Chemical Mechanical Polishing Pad

The uniformity of the wafer in a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process is vital to the ultra-fine and high integration of semiconductor structures. In particular, the uniformity of the polishing pad corresponding to the tool directly affects the polishing uniformity and wafer shape. In this study, the profile shape of a CMP pad was predicted through a kinematic simulation based on the trajectory density of the diamond abrasives of the diamond conditioner disc. The kinematic prediction was found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured pad profile shape. Based on this, the shape error of the pad could be maintained within 10 μm even after performing the pad conditioning process for more than 2 h, through the overhang of the conditioner.
A risk set adjustment for proportional hazards modeling of combined cohort data

Sporting careers observed over a preset time interval can be partitioned into two distinct subsamples. These samples consist of individuals whose careers had already commenced at the start of the time interval (prevalent subsample) and individuals whose careers began during the time interval (incident subsample) as well the respective individual-level covariate data such as salary, height, weight, performance statistics, draft position, etc. Under the assumption of a proportional hazards model, we propose a partial likelihood estimator to model the effect of covariates on survival via an adjusted risk set sampling procedure for when the incident cohort data is used in conjunction with the prevalent cohort data. We use simulated failure time data to validate the combined cohort proportional hazards methodology and illustrate our model using an NBA data set for career durations measured between 1990 and 2008.
Consideration of Trade-offs Regarding COVID-19 Containment Measures in the United States

Background: The economic stimulus package in the United States, which totalled $2.48 trillion, was designed to soften the economic impact of sweeping containment measures including shelter-in-place orders that were put in place to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In healthcare, interventions are rarely justified simply in terms of the number of lives saved but also in terms of a myriad of other trade-off factors including value-for-money or cost-effectiveness. Cost-effectiveness analysis was therefore conducted as the cost per life-year gained (Cost/LYG) from the containment measures adopted based on several different projections of the baseline number of deaths in the absence of any containment measures. Reductions in premature mortality due to the shutdown (i.e. the difference between years of life lost relative to life expectancy under the shutdown and no shutdown scenarios) were used to calculate changes in health status. Given that men and women have different life expectancies, the analysis calculates premature mortality for men and women by age bracket. Results: The results showed seven different scenarios that reflect different death projections. It showed that as the projected number of deaths increases, the cost-effectiveness of the containment measures becomes more favourable i.e. providing better value-for money for US taxpayers. Cost-effectiveness ranged from $180,874 per life-year-gained for the high-end projection to $4,258,780 per life-year gained for the low-end death projection estimate. Conclusion: Incremental costs per life-year gained related to the economic shutdown can span a wide range depending on the baseline number of deaths in the absence of any containment measures. The results show that in the US, under no scenario for life-years gained does the stimulus package compare favourably to other healthcare interventions that have had favourable cost-effectiveness profiles. However, when comparing value-of-statistical-life-year (VSLY) threshold measures used in other sectors, it is plausible that the U.S. stimulus package could be viewed more favourably from a cost-effectiveness perspective. Given the wide-ranging impacts that COVID-19 has had on American life, it would seem that the comparison should be made to experiences in multiple sectors and on this basis, it appears that the shutdown is likely to represent good value-for-money.
Radiation Risks of Kidney during Abdominal CT Procedures in Morocco: A Multicentre Study

This study aimed to estimate renal effective dose during abdominal CT scans in order to assess the renal risks of cancer and heredity per procedure in Moroccan hospitals. It’s consisted of examining a total of 120 patients referred to three radiology departments for an abdominal CT scan at the rate of 40 per hospital. The data that collected for this diagnostic exam included scanner acquisition parameters, number of series, use of the contrast medium, and rotation time as well as slice thickness, the displayed CT dose index (CTDIvol) and the Dose Length Product (DLP). Renal dose, effective dose and biological risks were estimated using the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) conversion factor. The patients included in this study were an average age of the (46.49 ± 14.16) years and an average weight of (73.34 ± 7.58) kg. For the mean effective dose (E) and average kidney dose (DK) received per patient during an abdominal CT scan, it were respectively of (6.67 ± 2.73) and (18.26 ± 7.74) mSv. The distribution of these values according to the hospital variable shows a difference in mean effective dose of the order of 0.26, 0.38 and 1.45 mSv and a difference in the mean renal dose of the order of 8.76, 4.94 and 0.48 mSv respectively for H1, H2 and H3. The induction cancer risk of abdominal and kidney per 105 procedures was respectively of 3 and 10. The kidney cancer risk by procedure is two to three times more likely than abdominal. For hereditary risk of abdominal and renal exposure per 106 procedures, it is 14 and 21 respectively. The renal stochastic effect by procedure is also two to three times more likely than that of the abdomen. Our values are relatively higher than those of published in some previous studies. Cancer risk and heredity estimation highlights the need to limit radiation dose. This first ever survey confirmed the need to improved training of health professionals involved in computed tomography on factors affecting image quality, doses and protocols optimization.
Belemmeringen bij de aanpak van onregelmatigheden door de curator

Het beperken van de maatschappelijke schade die voortvloeit uit faillissementen waarbij zich onregelmatigheden1 hebben voorgedaan staat al decennia bovenaan de politieke agenda.2 De afgelopen jaren stond het publieke debat omtrent het bestrijden van onregelmatigheden voorafgaand aan en tijdens het faillissement in het teken van een principiële discussie tussen de wetgever en de faillissements‐ praktijk. De wetgever ziet in de curator de aangewezen persoon om onregelmatig‐ heden aan te pakken door tijdige signalering en redressering daarvan. De curator heeft immers vergaande bevoegdheden in een faillissement, waardoor hij op een relatief eenvoudige manier onregelmatigheden in faillissementen zou kunnen opsporen én voert in de praktijk doorgaans al een oorzakenof rechtmatigheids‐ onderzoek naar eventuele onregelmatigheden uit.3 In 2017 heeft de wetgever met de Wet versterking positie curator de rol van de curator op het gebied van het aanpakken van onregelmatigheden geïnstitutionaliseerd. 4 Deze wet legt de cura‐ tor de taak op om een oorzakenonderzoek te doen naar onregelmatigheden die het faillissement (mede) hebben veroorzaakt of het tekort in de boedel hebben vergroot (de signalering) en verplicht de curator geconstateerde onregelmatighe‐ den vervolgens te melden bij de rechter-commissaris om eventuele vervolgstap‐ pen in het kader van een aansprakelijkstelling of fraudemelding te bespreken (de redressering). Deze signaleringsen redresseringstaak wordt ook wel de fraude‐ signalerende rol van de curator genoemd, ook al wordt beoogd om onregelmatig‐ heden in brede zin aan te pakken.5