Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systemic Anticoagulation and Inpatient Outcomes of Pancreatic Cancer: Real-World Evidence from U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample

Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is known to cause a hypercoagulable state and increase the risk of thrombosis. While long-term systemic anticoagulation is a treatment option to reduce this risk, its effectiveness remains ambiguous. In this retrospective study, data from the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample database were extracted and compared statistically to find the solution. The results showed that pancreatic cancer patients who had received long-term systemic anticoagulant had a lower risk of sepsis, shock, acute kidney injury, and in-hospital mortality, and a shorter hospital stay. The results suggest that long-term systemic anticoagulation should be considered as a treatment option for pancreatic cancer patients. Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer can induce a hypercoagulable state which may lead to clinically apparent thrombosis. However, the effect of anticoagulants remains ambiguous. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of long-term systemic anticoagulant usage on hospitalization outcomes of patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: This retrospective study extracted all data from the U.S. Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2018. We included hospitalized adults ≥18 years old with a pancreatic cancer diagnosis identified by International Classification of Diseases ninth revision (ICD-9) and tenth revision (ICD-10) codes. We utilized diagnostic codes ICD9 V58.61 and ICD10 Z79.01, i.e., ‘long-term use of anticoagulant’, to identify individuals who were on a long-term systemic anticoagulant. The study cohort were then further grouped as being with or without long-term systemic use of an anticoagulant. Propensity score matching was performed to balance the characteristics of the two groups. The risks of life-threatening events, e.g., acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute heart failure (AHF), sepsis, shock, and acute kidney injury (AKI), in-hospital death, and prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the hospital were compared between the groups by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: The study population consisted of 242,903 hospitalized patients with pancreas cancer, 6.5% (n = 15,719) of whom were on long-term systemic anticoagulants. A multivariable regression analysis showed that long-term systemic anticoagulant use was independently associated with lower odds of sepsis (aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76–0.85), shock (aOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.51–0.68), AKI (aOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.91), in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.60–0.70), and prolonged LOS (aOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.80–0.89). Conclusions: Long-term systemic anticoagulant use is associated with better clinical outcomes in terms of decreased risks of some life-threatening events, in-hospital death, and prolonged LOS among hospitalized patients with pancreatic cancer in the U.S.
DC Fault Current Limiting Characteristics of Flux-Lock Type SFCL With Parallel Connection of Two Coils Using Twice Quench

In this article, DC fault current limiting characteristics of DC flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) with parallel connection between two coils were analyzed. DC flux-lock type SFCL with parallel connection between two coils was composed of two windings connected in parallel and two superconducting modules (SMs), which were connected in series with each secondary winding. DC flux-lock type SFCLs with a parallel connection between two coils and one SM with one secondary winding in series was thought to perform fault current limiting operation as in AC system. However, since the transient period after resistance generation in SM approaches into the constant value, unlike the AC system, there is a DC current limiting transient period. Therefore, the DC current limiting effect disappears in the DC system and the recovery characteristic after the fault is removed also disappears. To analyze the DC fault current limiting and recovery characteristics, a DC short-circuit test was per-formed, and the various behaviors of flux-lock type SFCLs in DC systems were investigated from the test results.
Dimensionality Reduction with DLMNN Technique for Handling Secure Medical Data in Healthcare-IoT Model

Security and maintaining the integrity of sensitive patient information have emerged as major obstacles for healthcare service applications in the wake of IoT’s meteoric rise in the healthcare industry. The diagnostic information included in medical photographs is of particular importance, and this research presents a hybrid security strategy to protect against such breaches. Chronic diseases such as Heart Disease (HD), cancer, and chronic respiratory sickness are the main causes of death worldwide. Those who have a heart attack suddenly have a very poor chance of surviving. As a result, this paper proposes a heart disease monitoring scheme, wherein a Deep Learning Modified Neural Network (DLMNN) centred on the Internet of Things is used to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of HD. There are three stages to implementing this strategy: First, there is encryption; second, a combination of information gain (IG) and principle component analysis (PCA) to reduce dimensionality; and third, a classification system. To begin, the patient is fitted with a wearable Internet of Things (IoT) sensor device, which simultaneously uploads its sensor data to a remote server. The sensor data is encrypted using a hybrid encryption scheme that combines the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and the Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman (RSA) algorithms. A DLMNN classifier is then used to classify the data after it has been decrypted. There are two types of classification outcomes. It provides information on the patient’s heart and notifies the doctor in case of abnormalities. Estimated study results demonstrate that DLMNN is an improvement over previously used algorithms for HD diagnosis. The proposed AES-RSA used to support safe data transfer also yields the highest level of security, i.e. 94.32%, and does so in the quickest time for encryption and decryption.
Effects on the Thermo-Mechanical and Interfacial Performance of Newly Developed PI-Sized Carbon Fiber–Polyether Ether Ketone Composites: Experiments and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

In this study, polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composites reinforced with newly developed water-dispersible polyimide (PI)-sized carbon fibers (CFs) were developed to enhance the effects of the interfacial interaction between PI-sized CFs and a PEEK polymer on their thermo-mechanical properties. The PI sizing layers on these CFs may be induced to interact vigorously with the p-phenylene groups of PEEK polymer chains because of increased electron affinity. Therefore, these PI-sized CFs are effective for improving the interfacial adhesion of PEEK composites. PEEK composites were reinforced with C-CFs, de-CFs, and PI-sized CFs. The PI-sized CFs were prepared by spin-coating a water-dispersible PAS suspension onto the de-CFs, followed by heat treatment for imidization. The composites were cured using a compression molding machine at a constant temperature and pressure. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy observations of the structures and morphologies of the carbon fiber surfaces verified the improvement of their thermo-mechanical properties. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the effects of PI sizing agents on the stronger interfacial interaction energy between the PI-sized CFs and the PEEK polymer. These results suggest that optimal amounts of PI sizing agents increased the interfacial properties between the CFs and the PEEK polymer.
Robust Parameter Estimation for Geodetic Correlated Observations

Outlier diagnosis and quality control for correlated observations are two difficult problems which are urgent to be solved in the fields of measurement data processing. This paper presents two ways to control the influence of outliers in correlated observations by inflating the variance-covariance and shrinking the weight elements. A variance inflation function and a weight shrinking function are constructed and the error influence functions are given. The algorithms of quality control for correlated observations are constructed by use of equivalent covariance matrix and equivalent weight matrix. It is shown that the new equivalent covariance matrix and weight matrix keep not only the symmetry but also the relevance of the original covariance matrix. It is demonstrated by numerical example that the new methods can effectively control the influence of outliers to the parameter estimates.
An extended advancing front technique for closed surfaces mesh generation

An extended advancing front technique (AFT) with shift operations and Riemann metric named as shifting‐AFT is presented for finite element mesh generation on 3D surfaces, especially 3D closed surfaces. Riemann metric is used to govern the size and shape of the triangles in the parametric space. The shift operators are employed to insert a floating space between real space and parametric space during the 2D parametric space mesh generation. In the previous work of closed surface mesh generation, the virtual boundaries are adopted when mapping the closed surfaces into 2D open parametric domains. However, it may cause the mesh quality‐worsening problem. In order to overcome this problem, the AFT kernel is combined with the shift operator in this paper. The shifting‐AFT can generate high‐quality meshes and guarantee convergence in both open and closed surfaces. For the shifting‐AFT, it is not necessary to introduce virtual boundaries while meshing a closed surface; hence, the boundary discretization procedure is largely simplified, and moreover, better‐shaped triangles will be generated because there are no additional interior constraints yielded by virtual boundaries. Comparing with direct methods, the shifting‐AFT avoids costly and unstable 3D geometrical computations in the real space. Some examples presented in this paper have demonstrated the advantages of shift‐AFT in 3D surface mesh generation, especially for the closed surfaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Lagrangian nature of the turbulence energy cascade

The spatial and temporal evolution of turbulence kinetic energy at different scales is studied using direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence. To explicitly follow the energy during the cascade process in physical space, a Lagrangian correlation coefficient between local kinetic energy at different scales is computed. This correlation is found to peak only after a Lagrangian time delay that is an increasing function of the scale separation. It is shown that a characteristic length reduction of a factor of 2 is achieved approximately after the local eddy‐turnover time scale. The results show that the view of spatially localized eddy structures transferring their kinetic energy to smaller scales appears to be, on average, quite realistic.
System zeros analysis via the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse and SVD of the first nonzero Markov parameter

A new characterization of system zeros of an arbitrary linear system described by a state-space model S(A, B, C, D) is presented. The transmission zeros are characterized as invariant zeros of an appropriate strictly proper system with a smaller number of inputs and outputs than the original system. The approach is based on singular value decomposition (SVD) of the first nonzero Markov parameter. This result together with characterization of invariant and decoupling zeros, based on the Moore-Penrose inverse of the first nonzero Markov parameter and the Kalman canonical decomposition theorem, provided in the first part of the paper yield a complete characterization of system zeros of an arbitrary multi-input/multi-output system.
Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Variability of Acinetobacter spp. from Wastewater Treatment Plant in Kokšov-Bakša (Košice, Slovakia)

This study investigated the genetic variability and antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter community depending on the stage of wastewater treatment in Kokšov-Bakša for the city of Košice (Slovakia). After cultivation, bacterial isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and their sensitivity to ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin was examined. Acinetobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp. dominated bacterial populations in all wastewater samples. We identified 12 different groups based on protein profiling, 14 genotypes by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis and 11 Acinetobacter species using 16S rDNA sequence analysis within Acinetobacter community, which showed significant variability in their spatial distribution. While Acinetobacter population structure changed during the wastewater treatment, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains did not significantly vary depending on the stage of wastewater treatment. The study highlights the role of a highly genetically diverse Acinetobacter community surviving in wastewater treatment plants as an important environmental reservoir assisting in the further dissemination of antibiotic resistance in aquatic systems.
Optical tomography using a random diffuser and digital phase conjugation

We proposed a new technology for tomographic imaging based on beam diffusion and wavefront reconstruction through digital phase conjugation (DPC). The principle of this technology is highly unique and completely different from that of well-known optical coherence tomography (OCT) because it does not utilize the coherence property of light. In our experiment, it was shown that the depth resolution of smaller than 5μm is obtained when using the objective lens with NA of 0.42. In addition, we achieved the extraction of the information from a specific specimen among several specimens arranged along optical axis.
A comparison of type i error rates and power levels for seven solutions to the multivariate behrens-fisher problem

Several alternatives to Hotelling's T2 have been recommended for the case where variance-covariance matrices are unknown and unequal. Type I error rates and power were estimated for Hotelling's T2 and for seven such solutions, including Bennett's (1951), James' (1954), Yao's (1965), Johansen's (1980), Nel and Van der Merwe's (1986), Hwang and Paulson's RB: and Kim's . Additionally, the power for each solution was calculated after adjusting for Type I error rates. The number of variables, the level of intercorrelation present among the variates, the degree of heteroscedasticity, and the sample sizes associated with each of the two mean vectors were varied in each of 36 factor combinations. For each factor combination, 10,000 repetitions were run. James' procedure almost always had the highest power, but its Type I error rate was almost always greater than the nominal. Kim's and Nel and Van der Merwe's procedures had the highest power among procedures whose Type I error rates were not inflated. Type I error .
The Nature of the Doppler Shift Residuals and Some Peculiar Phenomena of SS 433

Spectroscopic observations in the optical region of the peculiar variable object SS 433 were carried out in the years from 1987 to 1992. The behavior of the moving emission lines of H I and He I basically agrees with those predicted from a combination of the precessional and the nodding motions with periods of 163 days and 6 days, respectively. Thus the so-called dynamic model has been efficient. Part of the residuals of the Doppler shifts may be due to variations in the outflow velocity of the jets. In particular, the residuals with absolute values less than 3000 km s -1 can be well explained as a result of such outflow velocity variations. On the other hand, there should be also other instabilities which lead to larger residuals. A fragmentation of the moving line of Hα was observed on 1991 October 2
Resonant cavities for measuring the surface resistance of metals at X-band frequencies

The authors studied experimentally the surface roughness dependence of excess wall losses in microwave resonators. An accurate and easily applicable method of determining surface resistances at X-band frequencies, by means of a Q-factor measuring technique is described. Surface resistance results for copper, aluminium and brass are presented, with different degrees of surface roughness.
The phase screen method for vector elastic waves

A phase screen method for vector elastic waves is developed. The method allows rapid calculation of the propagation of elastic waves for problems where backscatter is small; only forward propagation is included in the analysis. The method can be used for propagation through either deterministic or stochastic media. The work described here generalizes existing phase screen methods for scalar waves, accounting for the difference in phase velocities of the transverse and longitudinal polarizations. The method is tested on a two-dimensional problem, whose exact solution is also computed, for constant Poisson ratios. Synthetic seismograms for two-dimensional random media using this method are compared with existing finite difference synthetics. An important use of the method is to estimate the rate of interconversion of S and P waves in terms of the energy flux to analyze the effectiveness of potential discrimination techniques.
A flat diversity antenna by disk loaded monopole and notch array

The authors present a novel flat antenna consisting of a disk loaded monopole and a notch array for mobile telephone. To obtain a small correlation coefficient between the notch array and the disk loaded monopole antenna, two feed circuits are proposed for the notch array. The correlation coefficient between ring patch and notch antenna of less than 0.1 is small enough for diversity branches. <<ETX>>
The emergence of the tropical rainforest biome in the Cretaceous

Abstract. Modern tropical rainforests (TRFs) are one of the most ecologically important and species-rich biomes on the planet. However, the origin of modern TRFs is still debated, especially due to the incongruence between the fossil record and molecular data. Here, we test whether Campanian assemblages from northeastern Africa could represent fossil TRF vegetation. In so doing, we compare the investigated assemblages with other assemblages known to represent temperate forests, subtropical forests, and TRF in terms of leaf physiognomy, species richness, and taxonomic composition. We conclude based on fossil leaves that modern-looking TRFs already existed since 80 Ma during the Campanian in northeastern Africa in an area corresponding to 10 % of the modern Amazonian or 25 % of the Congolese TRF. The apparent conflict between the fossil record and phylogenetic evidence is due to the nearly complete absence of published tropical floras for the Cretaceous.
Model-Based Structured Covariance-Aided Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO Systems

We consider the problem of downlink channel estimation in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where both transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) are equipped with uniform planar array (UPA). The acquisition of channel state information (CSI) is important for subsequent signal detection and beamforming. To obtain the CSI accurately, the behavior of minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) channel estimator is studied, the main difficulty of which is the recovery of channel covariance matrix. In this paper, the channel covariance matrix is formulated under kronecker channel model, and the correlation of different antennas is formulated by the classical exponential model. Based on this model, the channel covariance matrix can be represented as a parameterized matrix, and the recovery of channel covariance matrix can be converted to an optimization problem of two parameters. An explicit solution is provided as channel estimator for independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) channels, while an alternate optimization algorithm is proposed to iteratively estimate the channel covariance matrix and the channel as well for correlated channels. The proposed algorithms improve the performance in exchange of computational complexity, and do not require extra pilot overhead. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods.
Gravitational and Parametric Instabilities of the Interstellar Medium in Which the Alfvén Wave Travels

Taking self-gravity into account, we investigated the stability of the interstellar medium in which the circularly polarized Alfvén wave travels with large amplitude. The interstellar medium suffers from two types of instabilities: the Jeans instability and the parametric instability. Using a linear stability analysis, we show both the effect of the Alfvén wave on the Jeans instability and the effect of self-gravity on the parametric instability. The Alfvén wave suppresses the Jeans instability, having effective pressure which acts against gravity. The effective pressure is proportional to the wave energy density and depends on the wavelength of the Alfvén wave and Alfvén speed. The parametric instability transforms the Alfvén wave into other magnetohydrodynamical waves. We followed the nonlinear growth of the instabilities with a newly developed computation code. The development of the computation code is summarized in Appendix A. Based on a linear stability analysis and numerical simulation, we discuss the magnetohydrodynamical evolution of the interstellar medium.
Model of ionization of condensed medium in the field of intensive femtosecond pulses

The present paper is devoted to the introduction of enhanced model describing an interaction between laser radiation and dielectric medium. This model is based on our earlier researches, and contains a correct description of the dispersion of electrical field's third order nonlinear medium polarization response in a wide spectral range. We have accomplished this description by a pseudo-classical model of multi-photon ionization of optical medium particles (structural elements). A wave equation, describing wide- spectrum femtosecond pulse propagation in nonlinear medium with induced plasma non-linearity, is obtained.
On short-wavelength instabilities in three-dimensional classical boundary layers

Instabilities governed by the classical boundary-layer equations are considered theoretically for a fully three-dimensional incompressible steady or unsteady flow. All boundary layers with nondegenerate cross flows are found to be susceptible to short-wavelength time-growing viscous instabilities. It is shown that, depending on relative spatial scales of disturbances, the temporal mode acquires the off-wall critical-layer, near-wall critical-layer or marginal form. A more restricted class of three-dimensional steady flows proves to be unstable to stationary cross-flow vortex modes. Sufficient conditions for the stationary instability are formulated and properties of the off-wall/near-wall/marginal vortices are studied. Effects of the curvature of the basic flow on both temporal and spatial modes are considered in detail.