Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DISTRIBUTION OF HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARIES IN THE MILKY WAY

Observations of the high-energy sky, particularly with the INTEGRAL satellite, have quadrupled the number of supergiant X-ray binaries observed in the Galaxy and revealed new populations of previously hidden high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), raising new questions about their formation and evolution. The number of detected HMXBs of different types is now high enough to allow us to carry out a statistical analysis of their distribution in the Milky Way. For the first time, we derive the distance and absorption of a sample of HMXBs using a spectral energy distribution fitting procedure, and we examine the correlation with the distribution of star-forming complexes (SFCs) in the Galaxy. We show that HMXBs are clustered with SFCs with a typical cluster size of 0.3 ± 0.05 kpc and a characteristic distance between clusters of 1.7 ± 0.3 kpc. Furthermore, we present an investigation of the expected offset between the position of spiral arms and HMXBs, allowing us to constrain age and migration distance due to supernova kick for 13 sources. These new methods will allow us to assess the influence of the environment on these high-energy objects with unprecedented reliability.
Participant Use of Digital Diaries in Qualitative Research: A Strong Structuration Analysis

Lived experiences of chronic conditions are marked by fluidity and change, which should be considered if care is to be truly patient-centered. Seeking to capture this fluidity, we used digital diaries via mobile phones to communicate with hypertensive patients in the Philippines over approximately 12 months. This paper draws on Strong Structuration Theory to conceptualize the complex array of factors shaping participants’ usage (and non-usage) of the diaries, thereby offering a comprehensive understanding of how the diaries were perceived and used. We draw on qualitative data from 42 participants (73 baseline/follow-up interviews and 37 digital diaries), purposively selected from a larger pool of quantitative participants, as well as existing literature and our own study documents. The Philippines ‘digital divide' presented barriers to the usage of the diaries, stemming from a lack of access and mobile signal especially in socioeconomically marginalized rural areas. Within this context, the sharing of mobile phones both enabled and constricted diary participation. Guided by Strong Structuration Theory, we observed three cycles of structuration evident in participants’ usage of diaries. The first pertained to the frequency and mode of engagement. A low level of engagement was observed, stemming from negative or ambivalent attitudes toward texting and other factors. Conversely, mobile phone ‘top-ups’ enabled participation. Participant usage of the diaries as tools for monitoring hypertension and to request health advice comprise the second and third structuration cycles. These usages contrast with researchers’ intended usage of the diaries and with the original brief given to participants. The conflict between participants’ and researchers’ understanding of the appropriate uses of the diaries represents the dynamic field of position-practice relations, wherein agents are situated and interact, either perpetuating or challenging existing societal structures. Our findings underline the importance of considering macro- and meso-level factors when considering or conducting research using digital diaries.
Analyse de la structure logique des inférences légales et modélisation du discours juridique

The present thesis develops formal tools relevant to the analysis of legal discourse. When applied to legal reasoning, logic can be used to model the structure of legal inferences and, as such, it provides a criterion to discriminate between good and bad reasonings. But using logic to model normative reasoning comes with some problems, as shown by the various paradoxes one finds within the literature. From a historical point of view, these paradoxes lead to the introduction of different approaches, such as the ones that emphasize the notion of action and those that try to model conditional normative reasoning. In the first part of this thesis, we provide a review of the literature, which is complementary to the one we did in Peterson (2011). The second part of the thesis concerns our theoretical contribution. First, we propose a monadic deontic logic as an alternative to the standard system, answering many objections that can be made against it. This system is then adapted to model unconditional normative inferences and test their validity. Second, we propose to look at deontic logic from the proof-theoretical perspective of category theory. We begin by proposing a categorical analysis of action logics and then we show that many problems that arise when trying to model conditional normative reasoning come from the structural properties of the logic we use. As such, we show that modeling normative reasoning within the framework of monoidal categories enables us to answer many objections in favour of dyadic and non-monotonic foundations for deontic logic. Finally, we propose a proper typed deontic system to model legal inferences.
Spin nutation induced by atomic motion in a magnetic lattice

An atom moving in a spatially periodic field experiences a temporally periodic perturbation and undergoes a resonance transition between atomic internal states when the transition frequency is equal to the atomic velocity divided by the field period. We demonstrated that spin nutation was induced by this resonant transition in a polarized rubidium (Rb) atomic beam passing through a magnetic lattice. The lattice was produced by current flowing through an array of parallel wires crossing the beam. This array structure, reminiscent of a multiwire chamber for particle detection, allowed the Rb beam to pass through the lattice at a variety of incident angles. The dephasing of spin nutation was reduced by varying the incident angle.
Testing spectral models for stellar populations with star clusters – II. Results

High spectral resolution evolutionary synthesis models have become a routinely used ingredient in extragalactic work, and as such deserve thorough testing. Star clusters are ideal laboratories for such tests. This paper applies the spectral fitting methodology outlined in Paper I to a sample of clusters, mainly from the Magellanic Clouds and spanning a wide range in age and metallicity, fitting their integrated light spectra with a suite of modern evolutionary synthesis models for single stellar populations. The combinations of model plus spectral library employed in this investigation are Galaxev/STELIB, Vazdekis/MILES, SED@/GRANADA and Galaxev/MILES+GRANADA, which provide a representative sample of models currently available for spectral fitting work. A series of empirical tests are performed with these models, comparing the quality of the spectral fits and the values of age, metallicity and extinction obtained with each of them. A comparison is also made between the properties derived from these spectral fits and literature data on these nearby, well studied clusters. These comparisons are done with the general goal of providing useful feedback for model makers, as well as guidance to the users of such models. We find the following. (i) All models are able to derive ages that are in good agreement both with each other and with literature data, although ages derived from spectral fits are on average slightly older than those based on the S-colour–magnitude diagram (S-CMD) method as calibrated by Girardi et al. (ii) There is less agreement between the models for the metallicity and extinction. In particular, Galaxev/STELIB models underestimate the metallicity by ∼0.6 dex, and the extinction is overestimated by 0.1 mag. (iii) New generations of models using the GRANADA and MILES libraries are superior to STELIB-based models both in terms of spectral fit quality and regarding the accuracy with which age and metallicity are retrieved. Accuracies of about 0.1 dex in age and 0.3 dex in metallicity can be achieved as long as the models are not extrapolated beyond their expected range of validity.
Algebraic Design Theory

Combinatorial design theory is a source of simply stated, concrete, yet difficult discrete problems, with the Hadamard conjecture being a prime example. It has become clear that many of these problems are essentially algebraic in nature. This book provides a unified vision of the algebraic themes which have developed so far in design theory. These include the applications in design theory of matrix algebra, the automorphism group and its regular subgroups, the composition of smaller designs to make larger designs, and the connection between designs with regular group actions and solutions to group ring equations. Everything is explained at an elementary level in terms of orthogonality sets and pairwise combinatorial designs--new and simple combinatorial notions which cover many of the commonly studied designs. Particular attention is paid to how the main themes apply in the important new context of cocyclic development. Indeed, this book contains a comprehensive account of cocyclic Hadamard matrices. The book was written to inspire researchers, ranging from the expert to the beginning student, in algebra or design theory, to investigate the fundamental algebraic problems posed by combinatorial design theory.
Research of drone swarm warfare application based on BlockChain

With the coming of intelligent warfare, drone swarm warfare will become an important combat style. At the same time, the drone swarm system will also face some security problems, such as the destruction of centralized management nodes, the data destruction of enemy invaded node, information leakage, data theft and so on. Due to the decentralized, tamperproof, traceable and other characteristics of blockchain technology, it highly meets the requirements of drone swarm warfare application, so it can effectively solve the business pain point of drone swarm. We first introduce the operational process of drone swarm and discussed the pain points in drone swarm warfare application. We then present the solution of drone swarm warfare application based on blockchain technology. The research objective is to provide design ideas for promoting the integration application of blockchain technology and drone swarm warfare.
Rethinking malaria: Governance lessons from other disease programs

The global disruptions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the stagnation of progress of global malaria elimination efforts have provided an opportunity to rethink several aspects of the global malaria program, including its governance at all levels, from the community to the nation and to the world. Approaching this issue requires an examination of the critical governance factors that affect malaria elimination as well as lessons that could be learned from the governance of other global health programs. The paper, therefore, first reviews malaria program governance challenges at the global, national, and sub-national levels. We then conducted a literature review of governance factors that affected four major global disease elimination programs; (1) the global smallpox eradication program; (2) polio eradication efforts (focus on Latin America); (3) the onchocerciasis eradication program; and (4) global COVID-19 pandemic control efforts. Based on this review, we identified eight comment governance themes that impact disease elimination programs. These include 1) International support and coordination; 2) Financing; 3) Data use for engagement and decision making, 4) Country ownership; 5) National program structure and management, 6) Community support/engagement; 7) Multisectoral engagement; and 8) Technology and innovation The paper then illustrates how these eight governance themes were factored in the four disease control programs, draws lessons and insights about the role of governance from these programs and outlines the implications for governance of malaria elimination efforts. The paper concludes by making recommendations for improving governance of malaria elimination programs and how the analyses of other global disease control programs can provide new ideas and inspiration for a more robust push towards malaria eradication.
Nitrate enrichment does not affect enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in aquatic microcosms but may affect other strains present in aquatic habitats

Eutrophication of the planet’s aquatic systems is increasing at an unprecedented rate. In freshwater systems, nitrate—one of the nutrients responsible for eutrophication—is linked to biodiversity losses and ecosystem degradation. One of the main sources of freshwater nitrate pollution in New Zealand is agriculture. New Zealand’s pastoral farming system relies heavily on the application of chemical fertilisers. These fertilisers in combination with animal urine, also high in nitrogen, result in high rates of nitrogen leaching into adjacent aquatic systems. In addition to nitrogen, livestock waste commonly carries human and animal enteropathogenic bacteria, many of which can survive in freshwater environments. Two strains of enteropathogenic bacteria found in New Zealand cattle, are K99 and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC). To better understand the effects of ambient nitrate concentrations in the water column on environmental enteropathogenic bacteria survival, a microcosm experiment with three nitrate-nitrogen concentrations (0, 1, and 3 mg NO3-N /L), two enteropathogenic bacterial strains (STEC O26—human, and K99—animal), and two water types (sterile and containing natural microbiota) was run. Both STEC O26 and K99 reached 500 CFU/10 ml in both water types at all three nitrate concentrations within 24 hours and remained at those levels for the full 91 days of the experiment. Although enteropathogenic strains showed no response to water column nitrate concentrations, the survival of background Escherichia coli, imported as part of the in-stream microbiota did, surviving longer in 1 and 3 mg NO3-N/Lconcentrations (P < 0.001). While further work is needed to fully understand how nitrate enrichment and in-stream microbiota may affect the viability of human and animal pathogens in freshwater systems, it is clear that these two New Zealand strains of STEC O26 and K99 can persist in river water for extended periods alongside some natural microbiota.
Error-controlled Adaptive Finite Elements in Solid Mechanics

Preface. Introduction (E. Stein). Error Estimation and Adaptive Mesh Design for FE Models in Elasto Plasticity Theory (R. Rannacher and F. Suttmeier). Adaptive FEM for Elasto plastic Deformations (E. Stein and M. Schmidt). Numerical Simulation of Localization Phenomena in Geomechanics by Entended Continuum Formulations (W. Wunderlich, et al.). Adaptive Methods for Contact Problems (A. Rieger, et al.). An Adaptive Boundary Element Method for Contact Problems (C. Eck, et al.). Goal Oriented Error Estimation in Solid Mechanics (H. Steeb, et al.). The p version of the Finite Element Method for Structural Problems (E. Rank, et al.). Adaptive Analysis of Plate and Shell Structures Under Transient Loading (K. Schweizerhof, et al.). The Application of Adaptive Parallel Multigrid Methods to Problems in Nonlinear Solid Mechanics (S. Lang, et al.). Benchmarks (E. Stein, et al.). Index.
Microalloying and the mechanical properties of amorphous solids

The mechanical properties of amorphous solids like metallic glasses can be dramatically changed by adding small concentrations (as low as 0.1%) of foreign elements. The glass-forming-ability, the ductility, the yield stress and the elastic moduli can all be greatly effected. This paper presents theoretical considerations with the aim of explaining the magnitude of these changes in light of the small concentrations involved. The theory is built around the experimental evidence that the microalloying elements organise around them a neighbourhood that differs from both the crystalline and the glassy phases of the material in the absence of the additional elements. These regions act as isotropic defects that in unstressed systems modify the shear moduli. When strained, these defects interact with the incipient plastic responses which are quadrupolar in nature. It will be shown that this interaction interferes with the creation of system-spanning shear bands and increases the yield strain. We offer experimentally testable estimates of the lengths of nano-shear bands in the presence of the additional elements.
Party system institutionalization, partisan affect, and satisfaction with democracy

Citizens’ attitudes about the political parties in their countries have been linked to their overall satisfaction with their democracy, with those feeling great love (hate) for parties feeling more (less) satisfied with the democracy. Such strong positive and negative emotions require time and clear targets to form. This study demonstrates that the influence of interparty affect is greater where the party system has institutionalized. Where the public can be familiar with the parties, their positions, and their relative status in the party system, citizens’ attitudes toward the democracy are more informed by their feelings about the parties in the system. This article draws on 20 years of surveys from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. It demonstrates that the positive effect of positive party affect is greater in institutionalized party systems, while the negative effect of negative party affect is not. This article thus contributes to political science’s understanding of affective polarization, the benefits of party system institutionalization, and popular democratic commitment.
Gambaran Kejadian Kasus Osteomielitis Di Bagian Bedah Ortopedi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Kota Padang Tahun 2018-2020

Latar Belakang: Osteomielitis adalah proses inflamasi tulang dan sumsum tulang yang disebabkan oleh organisme menular yang mengakibatkan kerusakan tulang lokal, nekrosis, dan aposisi tulang baru. Insidensi osteomielitis sebesar 21,8/100.000 orang/tahun. Osteomielitis terjadi pada semua kelompok umur dan lebih sering pada pria dibandingkan wanita. Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian kasus osteomielitis di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Kota Padang tahun 2018-2020. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 39 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data diolah menggunakan uji univariat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan berdasarkan catatan rekam medis pasien rawat inap di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Kota Padang periode Januari 2018-Desember 2020. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan usia terbanyak penderita osteomielitis terjadi pada kelompok usia 50-54 tahun (17,9%); jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih sering mengalami osteomielitis (79,5%) dibandingkan perempuan (20,5%); mikroorganisme penyebab osteomielitis tersering adalah Staphylococcus aureus (25,6%); lokasi tulang yang terinfeksi paling banyak adalah tibia (25,6%); lama rawat inap terbanyak pada rentang 8-14 hari (51,3%); antibiotik yang paling banyak diberikan adalah ceftriaxone (64,1%); dan teknik debridement merupakan tatalaksana bedah paling banyak dilakukan (35,9%). Kesimpulan: Osteomielitis paling banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia 50-54 tahunosteomielitis dengan pasien laki-laki sebagai kelompok jenis kelamin utama. Staphylococcus aureus menjadi organisme penyebab osteomielitis tersering dengan tibia sebagai lokasi tulang yang paling banyak yang terinfeksi. Perawatan dengan rawat inap ditemukan paling banyak pada rentang 8-14 hari, dengan pemberian antibiotik ceftriaxone serta penggunaan teknik debridement sebagai tatalaksana yang paling sering dilakukan.
Adaptive Control of a Class of MIMO Systems Using Fuzzy Logic with Applications to Tracking Control of Nonholonomic Mobile Robots

This paper is concerned with the control problem of a class of general nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems with unknown nonlinearities. A robust adaptive controller is proposed using fuzzy logic. The possible singularity problem met in the feedback linearization is avoided by introducing the regular inverse of the estimated control gain matrix. The algebraic loop problem encountered in the implementation of the proposed controller, which is caused by compensating the additional term due to the use of the regular inverse, is circumvented by employing filtered signals, and the approximation errors and external disturbances can be efficiently counteracted by employing robust compensators. All signals in the resulting closed-loop can be guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. The proposed control scheme does not require a priori knowledge of the plant dynamics. Simulation results through the tracking control of a nonholonomic mobile robot with plant uncertainties and external disturbances show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
On the cost‐of‐capital rate under incomplete market valuation

In this paper we discuss the concept of the cost ‐ of ‐ capital (CoC) rate for an insurance company as an equilibrium in the economic triangle of policyholders, shareholders, and the regulator. This provides a possible rationalization and an economic foundation for a quantity that is widely used in practice but whose value is typically neither technically nor economically well justified. We show how it can be well founded in such a triangular equilibrium. Under a simple one ‐ period model and a valuation procedure of a two ‐ price economy for illiquid assets we provide a corresponding economic ‐ theoretical quantification for the CoC rate. The resulting rates are illustrated by a number of concrete numerical examples
EEG-based biometrics: phase-locking value from gamma band performs well across heterogeneous datasets

The performance of functional connectivity metrics is investigated for electroencephalogram (EEG)-based biometrics using a support vector machine classifier. Experiments are conducted on a heterogeneous EEG dataset of 184 subjects formed by pooling three distinct datasets recorded with different systems and protocols. The identification accuracy is found to be higher for higher frequency EEG bands, indicating the enhanced uniqueness of the neural signatures in beta and gamma bands. Using all the 56 EEG channels common to the three databases, the best identification accuracy of 97.4% is obtained using phase locking value-based measures extracted from the gamma frequency band. When the number of channels is reduced to 21 from 56, there is a marginal reduction of 2.4% only in the identification accuracy. Additional experiments are conducted to study the effect of the cognitive state of the subject and mismatched train/test conditions on the system performance.
A Non-Bottleneck Residual Approach for QR Code

With the rapid development of the internet and the rising popularity of smartphones, especially mobile phone cameras, QR code has gained popularity outside their original use, from inventory tracking in factories & logistics to advertisements, electronic tickets, and even mobile payments in the commercial field, making them readily available to everywhere. With the advancement of deep learning, neural networks, and computer vision, many important statistical features can be automatically extracted and learned to improve identification accuracy. This research studied many CNN models for QR code-based printed source identification through a series of experiments that involved color QR codes to observe whether the bottleneck residual method is necessary for printed source identification. Our simplified residual model could compete with all of the tested models in color printer source identification even without bottleneck residual blocks implemented.
Measuring the universe: A multiwavelength perspective

1. Introduction 2. Gathering light - the telescope 3. Sensing the light: detectors for the optical and infrared 4. Imaging and astrometry 5. Photometry and polarimetry 6. Spectroscopy 7. Adaptive optics (AO) and high contrast imaging 8. Submillimeter and radio astronomy 9. Interferometry and aperture synthesis 10. X-ray and gamma-ray Index.