Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Restructuring Before Versus After Exposure: Effect on Expectancy and Outcome in Individuals With Claustrophobia

Maximizing the discrepancy between expected and actual outcomes during exposure (i.e., expectancy violation) is thought to optimize inhibitory learning. The current study examined Craske et al.’s suggestion that engaging in cognitive restructuring (CR) before exposure prematurely reduces expectancy and mitigates outcomes. Participants (N = 93) with claustrophobia were randomly assigned to either 15 minutes of CR before exposure (CR Before) or 15 minutes of CR after exposure (CR After). Although the CR Before condition experienced greater expectancy reduction before exposure than the CR After condition, both groups experienced similar overall expectancy reduction by the end of the intervention. Groups experienced similar gains, with large significant improvement at posttreatment and follow-up. Results suggest that both cognitive therapy and exposure therapy lead to expectancy reduction, but that the order of these interventions does not impact outcome. Clinicaltrials.org registration #NCT03628105.
Evaluating Drinking Water Quality Using Water Quality Parameters and Esthetic Attributes

This study assesses the quality of drinking water sources in the highlands of Ethiopia. The study considered a combination of users’ perceptions with the measured water quality parameters determined using the water quality index (WQI) tool. Data were collected using a cross-sectional research design for a household survey, and water quality samples were collected from improved and unimproved alternative sources. Nine physicochemical and two bacteriological analyses were performed. The result shows that esthetic water quality parameters had a potential interpretation of water quality as of the laboratory analysis. The taste was the dominant and easily detectable indicator as compared to odor and color. This is associated with the higher correlation between iron and manganese that deter the taste of water. Tap water was the only free source of bacteriological contamination. The WQI values show that one improved and three unimproved sources were found in the rank of unsuitable for drinking purposes. Unimproved sources are harmful for drinking, although they are used as an alternative source of water. Finally, the study suggests that due consideration of esthetic factors as measured parameters is fundamental for the sustainable use of drinking water infrastructures.
The ADHD deficit in school performance across sex and parental education: A prospective sibling‐comparison register study of 344,152 Norwegian adolescents

Abstract Background Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with impaired school performance, but the impact of ADHD may vary across sex, family background, and school subjects. By using prospective population‐wide register data, we describe impairment in academic performance related to ADHD across different school subjects and investigate how this impairment differ across sex and parental education. Methods We examined grades and Grade Point Averages (GPA) at age ∼16 among 344,152 Norwegian children born between 1997 and 2002. We linked grades with diagnoses from publicly funded general practitioners and with demographic information. Associations between ADHD diagnosed between age 10 and 16 and school performance were estimated with linear models, including sibling‐models which control for unobserved variables shared within families. Results Children with ADHD (4.0%) had −1.11 standard deviations lower GPAs compared to children without ADHD. This difference remained substantial after adjusting for demographic factors (−0.87), comorbid mental disorders (−0.82), early school performance (−0.54), and when comparing full siblings (−0.60). The relative ADHD deficit was 22% larger for girls than for boys and 39% larger for children with highly educated parents than for children of parents without completed high school, but the absolute deficit was smaller. Conclusion The ADHD deficit in school performance was large and not easily attributable to other factors. Because the ADHD deficit was large in all school subjects, interventions should ideally address factors that affect school performance broadly, although targeting theoretical subjects specifically may be most effective given limited resources.
The Role of Students’ Personal Values and Ethical Ideologies in Increasing the Importance of Perceptions of Social Responsibility for Business Students: A PRME Directive

The United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) champion responsible management education and research globally by instilling social responsibility values in students through teaching, research, and service. As investment capital shifts toward sustainable opportunities and companies recognize the limitations of an exclusive focus on shareholders (to the exclusion of broader stakeholders), the demand for social responsibility focused students has increased. How can business schools meet the dual challenge of recognizing those students with strong global sustainability perceptions, while encouraging those without those perceptions to shift? Our empirical approach uses a freed measurement model to offer a holistic understanding of the precursors of students’ perceptions of ethics and social responsibility. We provide actionable steps for business schools in implementing new pedagogical interventions that provide individualized approaches for increasing students’ perceptions of social responsibility. For students without strong prosocial values, we propose improving their perceptions of social responsibility indirectly through changing attitudes or directly via value system rank order change.
ALBLP: Adaptive Load-Balancing Architecture Based on Link-State Prediction in Software-Defined Networking

Load-balancing optimization in software-defined networking (SDN) has been researched for a long time. Researchers have proposed many solutions to the load-balancing problem but have rarely considered the impact of transmission delay between controllers and switches under high-load network conditions. In this paper, we propose an adaptive load-balancing architecture based on link-state prediction (ALBLP) in SDN that can solve the influence of transmission delay between controllers and switches on network load balancing. ALBLP constructs the prediction model of the network link status, adopts the long-term and short-term memory neural network (LSTM) algorithm to predict the network link-state value, and then uses the predicted value as the Dijkstra weight to calculate the optimal path between network hosts. The proposed architecture can adaptively optimize network load balancing and avoid the empty window period, in which the switch flow table does not exist by actively issuing the flow table. Under the network architecture, we collect the data set of the network link-state by simulating the GÉANT network, and we verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The experiment results show that the ALBLP proposed in this paper can optimize load balancing in SDN and solve the problem of transmission delay between controllers and switches. It has a maximum load-balancing improvement of 23.7% and 11.7% in comparison with the traditional Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) algorithm and the reinforcement learning method based on Q-Learning.
Suicide Ideation among Outpatients with Alcohol Use Disorder

Introduction Individuals with substance use disorders, particularly those with alcohol use disorder (AUD), have a high risk of suicide. Therefore, identifying risk factors for suicide in these individuals is crucial. Methods This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of individuals with AUD who participated in an alcohol treatment program in central Taiwan during 2019–2020. We collected data using the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener questionnaire, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and a suicidal ideation question. Furthermore, we collected information on several related variables, namely, sex, age, marital status, years in school, employment status, family history of alcohol problems, age at first exposure to alcohol, duration of alcohol use, history of alcohol cessation, history of domestic violence, and history of drunk driving. In total, 136 individuals were recruited to participate in this study. Results The suicidal ideation group had significantly younger participants, a higher proportion of women, a higher proportion of participants with a history of domestic violence, a greater severity of alcohol addiction (based on both AUDIT and MAST scores), higher depression scores, higher anxiety scores, less social support, a lower quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)), and poorer sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) compared with the nonsuicidal ideation group. The suicidal ideation score was correlated with the AUDIT score after age, and BDI, BAI, WHOQOL, and PSQI scores were controlled for (P = 0.034). Conclusion Individuals with higher AUDIT scores visiting a clinic for alcohol treatment might have a higher risk of suicidal ideation. Therefore, clinicians should pay close attention to the suicidal ideation problem in this population. Furthermore, appropriate medication or management programs for suicide prevention should be considered.
A Review of Digital Marketing Influences on the Music Industry and a Vision of the Industry in the Next 5 Years.

The music industry has been undergoing drastic changes since the advent of widespread digital distribution of music. A conspicuous indicator of this is total music sales: since 2000, sales of recorded music have dropped off substantially. (The Economist, 2008; Goldman, 2010). While live music has increased in importance. (Seabrook, 2009). The largest music retailer in the world is now digital: Apple Inc.'s iTunes Store. (Mobile World Congress, 2011). In this essay, a review is done of Digital marketing influences on the Music industry. In the process, the rise of digital distribution in the Music Industry is discussed, information which gives a vision of the Music industry prior to 2015, and a vision of the next five years (2015 to 2020) of the effects of Digital Marketing on the Music Industry as extrapolated from the information about the Music Industry prior to 2015.
Development of marker detection method for estimating angle and distance of underwater remotely operated vehicle to buoyant boat

The paper proposes a Marker Detection Method for Estimating the Angle and Distance of Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to Buoyant Boat. To keep the ROV aligned with the boat, a marker and visual recognition system are designed. The marker is placed facing down under the boat and a method is developed to recognize the angle and distance of the marker from a facing up camera on the ROV. By considering space, payload, heat dissipation, and buoyancy in a micro class ROV, there are limited options for computing power that can be utilized. This challenge demands a lightweight visual recognition technique for small computers. The proposed method consists of two steps. The marker designing step explains how the marker is constructed of simple components. The marker recognizing step is based on image processing that uses threshold and blob filtering. They are blob size and blob circularity filters which are used to eliminate unwanted information. The real-time orientation and distance estimation by using one camera are the superiority of this method. The proposed method has been tested by using an 11x11 cm2 marker size. The detection rate of the marker is 90% and can be detected up to 120 cm from the camera. The marker can be tilted up to 50° and still has an 80% detection rate. The method can estimate marker rotation angle accurately with a 1.75° average error. The method can estimate the distance between the marker and camera with a -0.62 cm average error. The blob filter is also proven to be superior to a regular dilating and eroding method.
Platelet-Cancer Interplay: Molecular Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Avenues

Although platelets are critically involved in thrombosis and hemostasis, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that platelets promote tumor progression and metastasis through a wide range of physical and functional interactions between platelets and cancer cells. Thrombotic and thromboembolic events are frequent complications in patients with solid tumors. Hence, cancer modulates platelet function by directly inducing platelet-tumor aggregates and triggering platelet granule release and altering platelet turnover. Also, platelets enhance tumor cell dissemination by activating endothelial cell function and recruiting immune cells to primary and metastatic tumor sites. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the complex interactions between platelets and tumor cells and the host microenvironment. We also critically discuss the potential of anti-platelet agents for cancer prevention and treatment.
Effect of Gypsum & Bio-compost Applications on Relative Water Content in Rice Genotypes under Sodic Soil

Sodic soils have immense productivity potential, if managed through proper technology interventions. Bio-compost is prepared by composting pressmud and gypsum received from waste material of mining can be used to reclaim sodic soils. Field experiments were conducted during the June-November of 2018 and 2019 at the ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Sub Regional Station, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar. Experiment was laid out in split-plot design with four treatments i.e. T1(Control plots), T2 (Gypsum@100% G.R. amended plots), T3(Gypsum @ 50% G.R.+ Bio-compost @ 2.5 tha-1 amended plots), and T4(Biocompost @ 5.0 tha-1 amended plots) in main plots and ten rice genotypes G1(Suwasini), G2(Rajendra Bhagwati), G3(Boro-3), G4(Rajendra Neelam), G5(CSR-30), G6(CSR-36), G7(CR-3884-244-8-5-6-1-1), G8(CR-2851-SB-1-2-B-1), G9(CSR-27), and G10 (Pusa-44) in sub plots and replicated thrice. The promising results reveal that the mean of leaf relative water content at pre-flowering stage in the salt-tolerant genotypes ranged from 69.47 % to 82.20 % during 2018 and 69.52 % to 82.24 % during 2019. The mean of leaf relative water content at grain filling stage in all the genotypes varied between 77.55 % to 85.45 % during 2018 and 75.49 % to 85.16 % during 2019. Soil amendments and genotypes interaction was found significantly in both the years at grain filling stage.
Gestão das evasões estudantis nas licenciaturas no contexto do Reuni Management of evasions in undergraduate student in the context of Reuni

This article aims to discuss aspects of the academic management in UFMG’s degree courses related to student’s evasion. This discussion will be based on research conducted through questionnaires answered by courses’ coordinators. We sought to identify and analyze what strategies to combat the students’ dropout used by the university. The study led to the conclusion that there is still a small investment of coordination in UFMG’s courses aimed to combat students’ evasion despite the seriousness of the problem. It was also found that courses that were more concerned with the problem had a significant drop in evasion.
Stress Analysis of Aluminium Reinforced Air Springs

There has been a recent increase in emphasis on comfort in most vehicular transports these days. Air springs were used and then removed from commercial usage. This paper conducts an analysis to showcase the improvement it terms of material application by using rubber which is reinforced with aluminium to increase its performance and strength. FEA is carried out to simulate various load conditions with respect to both rubber and rubber reinforced with aluminium. The structural changes are noted and described.
Resident Rotation Scheduling for Categorical Internal Medicine Residency Program

Residency program, a stage of medical postgraduate education, plays an important role in a physician’s professional competency. Each year a resident rotation schedule has to be created, and residents develop practical skills and receive faculty coaching in different rotations. The creation of rotation schedule is typically a manual process and thus falls into a sub-optimal solution due to many practical criteria such as the issues of burnout, professional development, and quality of care. This study is motivated by a resident rotation scheduling problem of Mayo Clinic Florida Categorical Internal Medicine residency program. By analyzing all requirements and relative importance, an optimization model is developed, aimed at the first draft of the resident rotation schedule. A desktop application is developed to provide program coordinators with a friendly user interface. Using the method and software proposed in this paper allows drafting the optimal resident rotation schedule to be achieved in seconds.
Boron‐Tethering and Regulative Electronic States Around Iridium Species for Hydrogen Evolution

The performance of single‐atom electrocatalysts usually suffers from attenuation due to high energy states, especially in harsh environments. Therefore, as high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for hydrogen reduction reaction (HER), supported metal nanoclusters (NCs) with maximum metal atom efficiency are promising, yet the genuine mechanism involving rational orbital modulation is still arguable. Herein, the conjugating effect between electron‐donor boron (B)‐tethering engineering and iridium (Ir) that facilitates the electron capture of Ir atoms is explored, achieving highly dispersive Ir‐NCs confined in N, B co‐doped defective carbon (Ir@NBD‐C). The Ir@NBD‐C catalyst achieves displays remarkable high activity for HER in a pH‐universal range, in particular, with an ultralow overpotential of 7 mV (10 mA cm−2), high mass activity of 652.2 A gIr−1 , and turnover frequency (TOF) of 1.90 H2 S−1 (100 mV) in 1.0 m KOH, outperforming almost all state‐of‐the‐art HER electrocatalysts. Operando characterizations and theoretical calculations unveil that the outstanding catalytic activity can attribute to the optimal binding to hydrogen intermediate species (H*) derived from the tunable and favorable electronic structure of the Ir site through the tethering of B heteroatoms. Undoubtedly, this work brings new insight into the design of catalysts with high intrinsic activity and thermodynamic stability.
Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Markers’ Status in Obese Females Using Hormonal Contraceptives

Objective: To evaluate the variation in oxidative stress markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA) and to correlate it with obesity in females using contraceptives.Methodology: Comparative cross sectional study was project of University of Lahore (UOL). conducted in collaboration with Basic Health Unit Mudkey (periphery of Kasur) from January to December 2013. The study population comprised of 51 married females of age ranged 25 to 40 years. The study was approved by the Research Ethical Committee of UOL. Thirty one females using either combined oral contraceptive pills (COC) or progestin injections were enrolled for a period of 9 months, while 20 females not using any type of contraceptives were recruited as a control group. Weight in kg and height in meter were estimated by the standard protocol. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by the formula; weight in kg /height in m2. Subjects having BMI greater than 25kg/m2 were categorized as obese. Stress markers were estimated from blood samples. SOD was assayed by nitroblue tetrazolium method by spectrophotometer. Catalase and Glutathione levels were also determined using spectrophotometer. MDA levels were measured by Thiobarbitoric acid assay reaction. with MDA. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS20. Mean ± SD (standard deviation) was used for continuous variables; while frequency and percentages were used for estimation of categorical variables. Regression analysis was applied to elucidate association between obesity and the stress markers.Results: SOD and MDA levels were significantly higher in obese group as compared to non-obese group (p values = 0.02, 0.04). No significant differences was noted in obese and non- obese subjects with respect to catalase (p value= 0.35) and Glutathione (p value=0.9) concentrations. Regression analysis shows significant positive association of BMI with SOD (p value 0.006) and MDA (p value 0.000); however, catalase (p value 0.28) and Glutathione (p value 0.85) were not significantly associated with BMI.Conclusion: Oxidative stress in obese are due to higher MDA levels. SOD is positively associated with BMI; however catalase and glutathione are not affected by BMI.
"Clinical Case of Conservative Retreatment of Compromised Tooth"

This clinical case demonstrates the successful retreatment of chronic apical periodontitis complicated by iatrogenic Strip furcal perforation during root canal treatment (RCT), made by a dental student. Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory process of the periradicular tissues caused by a microbial infection. The risks of retreatment, especially in obliterated root canals and student treatment, are significant. In addition, perforations can increase the chance of treatment failure. Factors that have impact include location and size of the perforation, potential microbial colonization of the endodontic system, the time between the occurrence of the perforation and its repair as well as the filling material. The clinical case could be further complicated by perforation in the risk zone, which makes the expected outcome of treatment rather unfavorable. For a long-term success it is important to disinfect and sterilize both the perforated area and the root canals. The result of this retreatment has been tracked for one calendar year in the present study. It concluded that the examined clinical case is an example of a favorable outcome of treatment of a complicated situation and also demonstrates the correct clinical approach in terms of student learning.
The Relationship between Analyst Coverage and Overinvestment, and the Mediating Role of Corporate Governance. Evidence From China

Abstract This study applied a quantile analysis to test the relationship between analyst coverage and overinvestment in Chinese firms and further sought to demonstrate the mediating effect of corporate governance on overinvestment. The empirical results show that analyst coverage causes overinvestment across all quantiles; however, corporate governance can diminish the effect of firm overinvestment in the higher quantile analysis. Additionally, the difference-in-differences method was used to explore the effectiveness of the Chinese government’s 2013 corporate governance reform, with the results confirming that that governance reform has been effective in inhibiting a firm’s overinvestment. The findings of this study indicate that analysts act as market supervisors in the Chinese capital market, improving corporate governance; however, their coverage does not appear to benefit firms or shareholders. This research highlights the need to review the role of analysts in the market to ensure they can reduce information asymmetry between managers and shareholders without causing overinvestment behavior.