Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extended Daily Functions , and Quality of Life in Stroke Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Dose-Matched Control Intervention to Improve Motor Ability

http://nnr.sagepub. com/content/23/2/160 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/1545968308320642 2009 23: 160 originally published online 3 November 2008 Neurorehabil Neural Repair Keh-chung Lin, Ching-yi Wu, Jung-sen Liu, Yueh-tsen Chen and Chen-jung Hsu Basic/Extended Daily Functions, and Quality of Life in Stroke Constraint-Induced Therapy Versus Dose-Matched Control Intervention to Improve Motor Ability,
The social life of emotive interjections in spoken British English

This paper explores the discursive use of selected emotive interjections (Ow! , Ouch! ; Ugh! , Yuck! ; Whoops! , Whoopsadaisy! ) in spoken British English. The data (drawn from the Spoken BNC2014) are coded for age, gender, social grade and type of dyad to identify potential factors governing the discursive use of these interjections. Based on 140 relevant tokens, the results suggest that: 1) The individual interjections vary significantly regarding how frequently they are found in discursive uses (p<0.001***). 2) Whoopsadaisy! is not attested in discursive uses. 3) Young female speakers behave differently from the other speaker groups in that they use emotive interjections discursively significantly more frequently (p=0.006***). 4) Female speakers in general use a wider range of interjections discursively: Ow! and Whoops! in discursive uses were absent from male speech. 5) Socio-economic status is irrelevant, as is 6) type of speaker dyad. Thus, the social life of emotive interjections is mainly influenced by speaker gender, and if the speakers are female, also by their age.
Dynamic modelling of compression ring conformability in high performance engines

Internal combustion (IC) engines have been the predominant technology for sourcing or generating power for over 100 years. The fundamental function of engines has not changed since there first introduction. By combusting fuel within the chamber causes a pressure build from the expanding gasses pushing the piston assembly through the cylinder, this linear action is then translated to rotation through the crankshaft to generate work. During combustion the gasses will try to move past the piston and into the crankcase, to deter this from occurring piston rings are introduced. Thus rings are designed to be in tight contact to the cylinder wall, and is subject to friction and wear as it travels up and down the cylinder wall. When a new ring pack is introduced, a running-in process is required. This involves running the engine at a variation of speeds for set times, typically defined by the manufacturer. While this procedure is executed the compression ring will undergo a series of thermodynamic morphological stages, the material will change shape due to the heat from the combustion process and suffer material loss due to the friction wear between cylinder wall and ring face. This thesis examines the impact of the running-in method on the compression ring and its performance. The work presented shows a novel numerical method that offers the first simulated solution to compression ring rotation around the piston crown and its impact on the engine performance. This has been achieved by adopting simultaneously two modelling packages to compute dynamics and contact mechanics for a more accurate multiphysics result. Using this model a coating refinement has been developed, offering a new chamfer change to the present ISO standard ensuring a longer coating operational life.
A modified block Lanczos algorithm with fewer vectors

The block Lanczos algorithm proposed by Peter Montgomery is an efficient means to tackle the sparse linear algebra problem which arises in the context of the number field sieve factoring algorithm and its predecessors. We present here a modified version of the algorithm, which incorporates several improvements: we discuss how to efficiently handle homogeneous systems and how to reduce the number of vectors stored in the course of the computation. We also provide heuristic justification for the success probability of our modified algorithm. While the overall complexity and expected number of steps of the block Lanczos is not changed by the modifications presented in this article, we expect these to be useful for implementations of the block Lanczos algorithm where the storage of auxiliary vectors sometimes has a non-negligible cost. 1 Linear systems for integer factoring For factoring a composite integer N, algorithms based on the technique of combination of congruences look for several pairs of integers (x, y) such that x 2 $\not\equiv$ y 2 mod N. This equality is hoped to be non trivial for at least one of the obtained pairs, letting gcd(x -- y, N) unveil a factor of the integer N. Several algorithms use this strategy: the CFRAC algorithm, the quadratic sieve and its variants, and the number field sieve. Pairs (x, y) as above are obtained by combining relations which have been collected as a step of these algorithms. Relations are written multiplicatively as a set of valuations. All the algorithms considered seek a multiplicative combination of these relations which can be rewritten as an equality of squares. This is achieved by solving a system of linear equations defined over F 2, where equations are parity constraints on
Antibodies to Cryptic Epitopes in Distant Homologues Underpin a Mechanism of Heterologous Immunity between Plasmodium vivax PvDBP and Plasmodium falciparum VAR2CSA

In this work, we describe a molecular mechanism of heterologous immunity between two distant species of Plasmodium. Our results suggest a mechanism that subverts the classic parasite strategy of presenting highly polymorphic epitopes in surface antigens to evade immunity to that parasite. This alternative immune pathway can be exploited to protect pregnant women from falciparum placental malaria by designing vaccines to cryptic epitopes that elicit broadly inhibitory antibodies against variant parasite strains. ABSTRACT Many pathogens evolve extensive genetic variation in virulence proteins as a strategy to evade host immunity. This poses a significant challenge for the host to develop broadly neutralizing antibodies. In Plasmodium falciparum, we show that a mechanism to circumvent this challenge is to elicit antibodies to cryptic epitopes that are not under immune pressure. We previously discovered that antibodies to the Plasmodium vivax invasion protein, PvDBP, cross-react with P. falciparum VAR2CSA, a distantly related virulence factor that mediates placental malaria. Here, we describe the molecular mechanism underlying this cross-species immunity. We identified an epitope in subdomain 1 (SD1) within the Duffy binding-like (DBL) domain of PvDBP that gives rise to cross-reactive antibodies to VAR2CSA and show that human antibodies affinity purified against a synthetic SD1 peptide block parasite adhesion to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) in vitro. The epitope in SD1 is subdominant and highly conserved in PvDBP, and in turn, SD1 antibodies target cryptic epitopes in P. falciparum VAR2CSA. The epitopes in VAR2CSA recognized by vivax-derived SD1 antibodies (of human and mouse origin) are distinct from those recognized by VAR2CSA immune serum. We mapped two peptides in the DBL5ε domain of VAR2CSA that are recognized by SD1 antibodies. Both peptides map to regions outside the immunodominant sites, and antibodies to these peptides are not elicited following immunization with VAR2CSA or natural infection with P. falciparum in pregnancy, consistent with the cryptic nature of these target epitopes. IMPORTANCE In this work, we describe a molecular mechanism of heterologous immunity between two distant species of Plasmodium. Our results suggest a mechanism that subverts the classic parasite strategy of presenting highly polymorphic epitopes in surface antigens to evade immunity to that parasite. This alternative immune pathway can be exploited to protect pregnant women from falciparum placental malaria by designing vaccines to cryptic epitopes that elicit broadly inhibitory antibodies against variant parasite strains.
The Role Of The Stringent Components In The Regulation Of Virulence

Abstract The aim of the existence of every organism is to survive and replicate its genetic material. The pathogen, after infection of the host, has to overcome the host’s defensive barrier. For this, bacterial pathogens use virulence-related factors, such as cell and tissue invasion, adhesion to the surface and toxin production. Numerous pathogenic microorganisms combine their virulence pathways with general mechanisms that allow their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. For this purpose, many bacteria use the global mechanisms of reaction to a stress condition, the stringent response. Here we discuss how the components of stringent response influence the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. 1. Introduction. 2. Metabolism of (p)ppGpp. 2.1. Regulatory targets of (p)ppGpp. 3. Virulence and adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. 4. The role of stringent response in the virulence of Gram-negative bacteria 4.1. Escherichia coli EHEC. 4.2. Escherichia coli UPEC. 4.3. Shigella flexneri. 4.4. Vibrio cholerae. 4.5. Salmonella enterica. 4.6. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 4.7. Francisella tularensis. 4.8. Bordetella pertussis. 5. The role of stringent response in the virulence of Gram-positive bacteria. 5.1. Enterococcus faecalis. 5.2. Bacillus anthracis. 5.3. Staphylococcus aureus. 5.4. Streptococcus pyogenes. 5.5. Listeria monocytogenes. 6. The effect of the stringent response on the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 7. Summary
On the tail distribution of the solution to some law equation

We consider a distribution equation which was initially studied by Bertoin \cite{Bertoin}: \[M \stackrel{d}{=} \max\{\widetilde{\nu}, \max_{1\leq k\leq \nu}M_k\}. \] where $\{M_k\}_{k\geq 1}$ are i.i. d. copies of $M$ and independent of $(\widetilde{\nu}, \nu)\in\mathbb{R}_+\times\mathbb{N}$. We obtain the tail behaviour of the solution of a generalised equation in a different but direct method by considering the joint tail of $(\widetilde{\nu}, \nu)$.
eMUD: Enhanced Manufacturer Usage Description for IoT Botnets Prevention on Home WiFi Routers

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have caused significant disruptions in the operations of Internet-based services. These DDoS attacks use large scale botnets, which often exploit millions of compromised Internet of Things (IoT) devices worldwide. IoT devices are traditionally less secure and are easy to be exploited. The extent of these exploitations has increased after the publication of the Mirai botnet source code on GitHub that provided a foundation for the attackers to develop and launch Mirai botnet variants. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) proposed RFC 8520 Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) so that an IoT device can convey to the network the level of network access it requires to accomplish its standard functionality. Though MUD is a promising effort, there is a need to evaluate its effectiveness, identify its limitations, and enhance its architecture to overcome its weakness and improve its efficiency. The latest Mirai variant malware is exploiting vulnerabilities of Internet of Things devices. As MUD does not consider identifying and patching vulnerabilities present in the device before the issuance of the MUD profile, a device can be compromised even in the presence of the Manufacturer Usage Description profile by exploiting either the configuration vulnerabilities or firmware vulnerabilities present in the device. This paper presents an evaluation study of the Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD), identifies its weaknesses, and proposed enhancements in its architecture. This research proposed a mechanism for identifying and eliminating the configuration vulnerabilities before creating the MUD profile for a device to minimize the attack surface. This research adopts the OWASP firmware testing methodology for discovering vulnerabilities in the firmware of WiFi home routers. The device is allowed to request the MUD profile only if the identified firmware vulnerabilities are low. The identified firmware vulnerabilities are patched in case the score of the identified firmware vulnerabilities is moderate or high. The device is allowed to request the MUD profile after the vulnerabilities are patched. The firmware vulnerabilities are shared with other peers using blockchain smart contracts. There is a possibility that the MUD URL might be pointing to a corrupted or malicious MUD profile hosted at the attacker file server due to the absence of an authentication mechanism in the MUD process. This research also proposed an authentication mechanism for device MUD profile, MUD file generator, and MUD file server. Implementation results show that proposed enhancements improve the security services provided by the Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD).
A SPICE-Compatible Model for a Gate/Body-Tied PMOSFET Photodetector With an Overlapping Control Gate

Abstract A new SPICE-compatible model for a gate/body-tied PMOSFET photodetector (GBT PD) with an overlapping control gate is pre-sented. The proposed SPICE-compatible model of a GBT PD with an overlapping control gate makes it possible to control the photo-current. Research into GBT PD modeling was proposed previously. However, the analysis and simulation of GBT PDs is not lacking.This SPICE model concurs with the measurement results, and it is simpler than previous models. The general GBT PD model is a hy briddevice composed of a MOSFET, a lateral bipolar junction transistor (BJT), and a vertical BJT. Conventional SPICE models are basedon complete depletion approximation, which is more applicable to reverse-biased p-n junctions; therefore, they are not appropriate forsimulating circuits that are implemented with a GBT PD with an overlapping control gate. The GBT PD with an overlapping controlgate can control the sensitivity of the photodetector. The proposed sensor is fabricated using a 0. 35µm two-poly, four-metal standardcomplementary MOS (CMOS) process, and its characteristics are evaluated.Keywords: High-sensitivity, Gate/body-tied photodetector, SPICE model
Teaching via Best-Case Counterexamples in the Learning-with-Equivalence-Queries Paradigm

We study the sample complexity of teaching, termed as “teaching dimension” (TD) in the literature, for the learning-with-equivalence-queries (LwEQ) paradigm. More concretely, we consider a learner who asks equivalence queries (i.e., “is the queried hypothesis the target hypothesis? ”), and a teacher responds either “yes” or “no” along with a counterexample to the queried hypothesis. This learning paradigm has been extensively studied when the learner receives worst-case or random counterexamples; in this paper, we consider the optimal teacher who picks best-case counterexamples to teach the target hypothesis within a hypothesis class. For this optimal teacher, we introduce LwEQ-TD, a notion of TD capturing the teaching complexity (i.e., the number of queries made) in this paradigm. We show that a signiﬁcant reduction in queries can be achieved with best-case counterexamples, in contrast to worst-case or random counterexamples, for different hypothesis classes. Furthermore, we establish new connections of LwEQ-TD to the well-studied notions of TD in the learning-from-samples paradigm.
miR-roring Changes in Blood: miR-210 Reflects Hypoxic Disease Dynamics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:1340–1349. 9. Humbert M, Yaici A, de Groote P, Montani D, Sitbon O, Launay D, et al. Screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis: clinical characteristics at diagnosis and long-term survival. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63:3522–3530. 10. Waxman A, Restrepo-Jaramillo R, Thenappan T, Ravichandran A, Engel P, Bajwa A, et al. Inhaled treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease. N Engl J Med 2021;384:325–334.
An unsupervised learning approach to solving heat equations on chip based on Auto Encoder and Image Gradient

Solving heat transfer equations on chip becomes very critical in the upcoming 5G and AI chip-package-systems. However, batches of simulations have to be performed for data driven supervised machine learning models. Data driven methods are data hungry, to address this, Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN) have been proposed. However, vanilla PINN models solve one fixed heat equation at a time, so the models have to be retrained for heat equations with different source terms. Additionally, issues related to multi-objective optimization have to be resolved while using PINN to minimize the PDE residual, satisfy boundary conditions and fit the observed data etc. Therefore, this paper investigates an unsupervised learning approach for solving heat transfer equations on chip without using solution data and generalizing the trained network for predicting solutions for heat equations with unseen source terms. Specifically, a hybrid framework of Auto Encoder (AE) and Image Gradient (IG) based network is designed. The AE is used to encode different source terms of the heat equations. The IG based network implements a second order central difference algorithm for structured grids and minimizes the PDE residual. The effectiveness of the designed network is evaluated by solving heat equations for various use cases. It is proved that with limited number of source terms to train the AE network, the framework can not only solve the given heat transfer problems with a single training process, but also make reasonable predictions for unseen cases (heat equations with new source terms) without retraining.
Rapid identification of novel independent serum biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). We assessed serum biomarkers to identify patients with DLBCL and healthy controls, as well as prognosis-related paired pre- and post-R-CHOP therapy effect of patients with DLBCL. Methods Serum samples from 329 DLBCL patients and 100 healthy controls were collected in this study, as well as 72 samples from additional DLBCL patients with paired pre- and post-R-CHOP therapy (n=36). All serum samples were pretreated and detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Serum biomarkers were discriminated between DLBCL patients and healthy controls, as well as between DLBCL patients with prognosis-related paired pre- and post-R-CHOP therapy, and identified by Veristrat Identification Platform 1.0, Bioyong Explore 1.0 and mMass software. Results Two peaks, m/z values of 15,140.74 and 15,885.43, were significantly different from all peaks among the DLBCL patients and healthy controls (P<0.001). Patients with DLBCL could be identified with a sensitivity of 85.9% and specificity of 91.8% of 15,140.74, in the same way for the sensitivity of 92.1% and specificity of 84.4% of 15,885.43. The m/z values of 13,895.80 were downregulated after R-CHOP treatment in DLBCL patients who obtained complete remission (CR) (P=0.018). Conclusions The potential independent serum biomarkers for diagnosis as well as prognosis of DLBCL could be provided for rapid identification.
The Effect of Cryotherapy on Proprioception and Knee Extensor Torque in Healthy Volunteers

Objectives: This study was done to investigate the influences of cryotherapy on the joint position sense (JPS) and extensor muscles torque of the knee. Methods: Forty healthy volunteers (20 men, 20 women; age range, 21 – 30 y) participated. Two cooling pads were applied to the knee and anterior thigh for 15 minutes at 4°C. The accuracy of the knee JPS was evaluated before and after cooling in two angles, including 45° and 60° flexion. Extensor muscles torque of the knee was obtained in two velocities of 30°/s and 120°/s. Results: The effect of time and the interaction between the group and time were not significant for both active and passive repositioning error tests of the knee joint angles (P ≥ 0.05). The knee extensor's muscle torque increased significantly during both velocities of 30°/s and 120°/s, immediately and 30 minutes after the cryotherapy in the experimental group (P ≤ 0.01). Cooling for 15 minutes made a higher knee extensor muscle torque and did not change the JPS. Conclusions: These ﬁndings should be considered for therapeutic programs that involve exercise immediately after a period of cryotherapy.
Documents de Travail du Centre d ’ Economie de la Sorbonne Subjective risk and disappointment

If an investor does care for utilities and not for monetary outcomes stochastic dominances should be expressed in terms of utility units ("utils"). If so, any "rational" investor may be characterized by an elementary function u(:) which is such that the random variables u( e w) where e w is a random prospect never violate the second-order stochastic dominance property and that the partial weak order induced by stochastic dominance over utils is as "close" to the weak order of preferences as possible. Similarly "subjective" risk must be substituted for "objective" risk à la Rothschild and Stiglitz (1970). A weakened independence axiom may then be set over comparable prospects, i.e. those which exhibit the same expected utility. This leads to a fully choice-based theory of disappointment. The functional is lottery-dependent (Becker and Sarin 1987). When constant marginal utility is assumed, it is but the opposite to a convex measure of risk (Föllmer and Shied 2002). It may be viewed as a theoretical justi cation for choosing this measure of risk. JEL classi cation: D81. Key-words: disappointment, risk-aversion, subjective risk, risk premium, expected utility. RESUME : Si un agent économique rationnel prend en considération ses revenus potentiels uniquement via leurs utilités, e¤ectuer des tests de dominance stochastique na de sens que sils portent sur les utilités de ces revenus aléatoires. On montre alors que cet agent est caractérisé par une fonction dutilité élémentaire telle que les variables aléatoires ne violent jamais la dominance stochastique de second ordre et telles que le préodre induit par la dominance stochastique soit aussi proche que possible du préordre des préférences. On peut alors généraliser la notion de risque à la Rothschild et Stiglitz en raisonnant en terme de risque "subjectif" où les valeurs sont exprimées en utilités. On peut en n poser un axiome dindépendance a¤aibli qui nest valide que pour les revenus aléatoires "comparables" cest-à-dire ayant la même espérance dutilité. La nouvelle axiomatisation du comportement dun individu en univers incertain aboutit à une théorie de la déception. Sa fonctionnelle est "loterie-dépendante" (Becker and Sarin 1987). Si lutilité marginale de linvestisseur est constante, la nouvelle fonctionnelle nest que lopposé dune mesure de risque convexe (Föllmer and Shied 2002) et peut constituer la justi cation de celle-ci. JEL classi cation: D81. Mots-clés : déception, aversion pour le risque, risque subjectif, prime de risque, utilité espérée. * This paper was rst presented at the Paris1 Finance Seminar on the 20th of June. ** Université Paris-I-Panthéon-Sorbonne. e-mail: chauveau@univ-paris1.fr