Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for WLAN Applications

A dual-band two-element Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications is proposed in this paper. The MIMO antenna consists of two closely arranged symmetric monopole antennas with edge-to-edge distance of only 5.3 mm (0.044λ at 2.51 GHz). To enhance isolation, a decoupling network is inserted between the two antennas without increasing the footprint. The −10 dB impedance bandwidths in lower and higher frequency bands are 2.46–2.7GHz and 5.04–5.5 GHz. Compared to previous works, the presented decoupling structure can obtain higher isolation over 30 dB in dual bands. Measured results agree well with the simulated ones.
Determination of the effect of green extraction solvents on the phenolic acids and flavonoids of propolis

The present study investigated the extraction of phenolic compounds from propolis according to solvent factor. The propolis samples were extracted in four different solvents, which water, ethanol-water (70%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and L-lysine (8%), and were analyzed 36 phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD. Statistically significant differences in solubility of the phenolic compound at various levels were detected among the solvents (P
Dynamic Simulations of Simultaneous HVDC Contingencies in the Nordic Power System Considering System Integrity Protection Schemes

Individual HVDC links connecting the Nordic power system to other synchronous systems may carry gigawatts of power. For the transmission system operators, who must maintain power balance to operate the grid at 50.0 Hz, the outage of such HVDC links may lead to large, undesirable frequency swings due to large power imbalances after an outage, where lower system inertia will lead to larger frequency swings. The extraordinary event of simultaneous outages of multiple HVDC links is highly unlikely, but may lead to consequences in the power grid that are unacceptable. In this thesis, the consequences of such an event are considered for the Nordic power system with an emphasis on system frequency response and the ability of barriers in the form of System Integrity Protection Schemes, or corrective actions, to curb the most critical frequency excursions. The ability of generator primary response as well as corrective actions such as Under-Frequency Load Shedding, HVDC Emergency Power and Demand-Side Response to improve the frequency response is considered. Only outages of links that are importing power are examined. The model used is the aggregated network model Nordic 44. The PSS®E software performs the simulations interfaced with Python using the Psspy API. An assortment of cases are studied; first, event trees are used with corrective actions to identify the ability of different corrective actions to affect the system frequency response for higher and lower inertia scenarios following outages of North Sea Link and NordLink. Thereafter, the impact of locality in terms of where the simultaneous HVDC link outages occur is studied in an attempt to identify critical consequences and vulnerabilities of the power system. Results indicate that the frequency drop will be very large and perhaps unmanageable when the system inertia decreases. If there are insufficient primary reserves, the system is bound to collapse. However, Demand-Side Response has significant potential to contain the frequency decline if time-delay for Demand-Side Response is low. In several cases, voltage decline in the south of Sweden leads to system separation and limits ability of the power system to withstand the simultaneous HVDC outages. Current construction of HVDC links may thus be contributing to future voltage instability in Sweden. Use of frequency-based corrective actions does not affect the voltage issues in southern Sweden, and voltage-based corrective
Weighting Factors Optimization of Predictive Torque Control of Induction Motor by Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm

This study investigates the application of a multiobjective genetic algorithm for the obtaining of a set of weighting factors suitable for use in the model predictive torque control (MPTC) of an induction motor variable speed drive. The MPTC approach aims at minimizing a cost function at each step and has been highlighted for its fast torque response, easy incorporation of system constraints, and absence of voltage modulators. Nevertheless, its structure contains weighting factors in the cost function, which lacks an analytical design procedure. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was designed for a tradeoff between torque and flux performances and average switching frequency of the system. Experimental results showed NSGA-II offered a Pareto set of feasible solutions, so that torque ripple, flux ripple, or average switching frequency can be minimized, depending on the solution chosen. Its application constitutes a project tool for MPTC weighting factors that adjusts several factors concomitantly and incorporates desired restrictions.
HPLC-MS, GC and NMR Profiling of Bioactive Lipids of Human Milk and Milk of Dairy Animals (Cow, Sheep, Goat, Buffalo, Camel, Red Deer)

For non-bovine milks, information regarding bioactive lipids is fragmented, unreliable or unavailable. The purpose of the current study was to analyse bioactive lipids in the milk of dairy animals using modern analytical methods to achieve the most reliable results. Bioactive lipids in human milk were also analysed and used as a reference. A suite of modern analytical methods was employed, namely High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The total lipid content was determined, and phospholipid, fatty acid, neutral glycosphingolipids and ganglioside (GM3 and GD3) levels were measured. Lipid classes in selected milks were reliably characterised for the first time, including gangliosides in deer, camel and sheep; cerebrosides in deer, camel and buffalo; plasmalogens in deer, buffalo and goat and phospholipids in deer. Our study demonstrated the advantage of utilising a range of analytical techniques in order to characterise a diverse set of bioactive lipids.
Design and Kinematic Analysis of a Multi-Grip Hand– Touch Hand 4

This paper reports on the kinematic design of the Touch Hand 4, which has been a continuous optimization of the first three iterations. The Touch Hand 4 is a low-cost myoelectric prosthetic terminal hand device designed to be used by transradial amputees. The paper investigates the mechanical design of the prosthetic hand and investigates the kinematics and static force analysis of the digits on the hands. Illustrative diagrams describe the kinematics and static force analysis. The analysis results are displayed and used to compare the different digits designed on the prosthetic hand. The final product is then tested and compared with other prosthetic hands. The Touch Hand 4 had shown in tests to perform significantly slower than other prosthetic hands but had similar grip strength to some prosthetic hands.
Robustness Evaluation of Fuzzy Logic Control Based on Feedback Linearization of Induction Motor Fed by Matrix Converter

In this paper, The input-output feedback linearization technique is used with a fuzzy logic controller to generate the reference voltages for a MC controlled by direct space vector modulation strategy, to achieve a high performance and to ensure a robustness with respect to variations of reference values of speed, torque, and rotor flux on the one hand, and on the other hand to obtain an operation without injecting harmonics into the grid. Moreover, this paper deals with the damped input filter design of matrix converter. The transfer function and the optimized parameter selection approach of the input filter are also introduced. Finally, in order to examine the effectiveness of the suggested control approach for the drive system considered, a simulation study was carried out.
An Application of a LPWAN for Upgrading Proximal Soil Sensing Systems

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT), based on low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) wireless communication technology, has developed rapidly. On the one hand, the IoT makes it possible to conduct low-cost, low-power, wide-coverage, and real-time soil monitoring in fields. On the other hand, many proximal soil sensor devices designed based on conventional communication methods that are stored in an inventory face elimination. Considering the idea of saving resources and costs, this paper applied LPWAN technology to an inventoried proximal soil sensor device, by designing an attachment hardware system (AHS) and realizing technical upgrades. The results of the experimental tests proved that the sensor device, after upgrading, could work for several years with only a battery power supply, and the effective wireless communication coverage was nearly 1 km in a typical suburban farming environment. Therefore, the new device not only retained the original mature sensing technology of the sensor device, but also exhibited ultralow power consumption and long-distance transmission, which are advantages of the LPWAN; gave full play to the application value and economic value of the devices stored in inventory; and saved resources and costs. The proposed approach also provides a reference for applying LPWAN technology to a wider range of inventoried sensor devices for technical upgrading.
An Integrated INS/LiDAR SLAM Navigation System for GNSS-Challenging Environments

Traditional navigation systems rely on GNSS/inertial navigation system (INS) integration, in which the INS can provide reliable positioning during short GNSS outages. However, if the GNSS outage persists for prolonged periods of time, the performance of the system will be solely dependent on the INS, which can lead to a significant drift over time. As a result, the need to integrate additional onboard sensors is essential. This study proposes a robust loosely coupled (LC) integration between the INS and LiDAR simultaneous mapping and localization (SLAM) using an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The proposed integrated navigation system was tested for three different driving scenarios and environments using the raw KITTI dataset. The first scenario used the KITTI residential datasets, totaling 48 min, while the second case study considered the KITTI highway datasets, totaling 7 min. For both case studies, a complete absence of the GNSS signal was assumed for the whole trajectory of the vehicle in all drives. In contrast, the third case study considered the use of minimal assistance from GNSS, which mimics the intermittent receipt and loss of GNSS signals for different driving environments. The positioning results of the proposed INS/LiDAR SLAM integrated system outperformed the performance of the INS for the residential datasets with an average reduction in the root mean square error (RMSE) in the horizontal and up directions of 88% and 32%, respectively. For the highway datasets, the RMSE reductions were 70% and 0.2% for the horizontal and up directions, respectively.
The effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas for lake fish community conservation

Protected areas are established globally to conserve biodiversity, and associated ecosystem services and cultural values. However, freshwater protected areas are rare even though freshwater ecosystems and their biodiversity are among the most imperilled in the world. Conservation actions within terrestrial protected areas such as development or resource extraction regulations may spill over to benefit the freshwater ecosystems within their boundaries. Using a dataset of 175 lakes across Ontario (Canada), we compared common fish assemblage status indicators; species richness, Shannon's diversity index, catch-per-unit-effort, and normalized length size spectra, to evaluate whether terrestrial protected areas benefit lake fish assemblages. Nearest neighbour cluster analysis was used to generate pairs of lakes; a) inside versus outside, b) inside versus bordering, and c) bordering versus outside terrestrial protected areas based on lake characteristics. The diversity and abundance indicators did not differ significantly across comparisons but normalized length size spectrum slopes were significantly steeper in lakes outside of parks. The latter indicating assemblage differences (greater abundances of small-bodied species), and less efficient energy transfer through the trophic levels of assemblages outside parks. Although not significantly different, pollution and turbidity tolerant species were more abundant outside parks, while three of the four pollution intolerant species were more abundant within parks. Twenty-one percent of the difference in slopes was related to higher total dissolved solids concentrations and angling pressure. Our results provided marginal support that terrestrial protected areas benefit lake fish assemblages, and suggest that NLSS slopes may be more informative indicators for aquatic protected area evaluations because they represent compositional and functional aspects of communities. With an increasing global effort to establish PAs, we encourage more of these types of studies to improve our understanding of protected area effectiveness and the development of appropriate ecological indicators to monitor them. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Fully embedded ultra‐wideband multilayer balun into organic packaging substrate

This study presents a novel miniaturised ultra-wideband (UWB) multilayer balun embedded into organic packaging substrate of liquid crystal polymer. The broadside coupled stripline structure is adopted in this work to realise UWB performance and TEM mode. The fabricated prototype is self-packaged for electromagnetic shielding, and lightweight, with a small footprint. The proposed balun design achieves excellent amplitude and phase balances within the entire bandwidth, centred at 6.2 GHz. Simulation and measurement results show very good agreement.
Where is the Traffic Going? A Comparative Study of Clouds Following Different Designs

Cloud computing is critical for today's information society. In this paper, we shed light on two radically different cloud design philosophies: the DC-cloud built around massive data centers, and the ISP-cloud built upon a large ISP. With extensive measurements on Alibaba, Tencent, and CTYun, we find that both designs have strengths and weaknesses: the ISP-cloud of CTYun has less inflated paths to users within the same ISP, but its paths to external users are more inflated comparing with the DC-clouds of Alibaba and Tencent. By analyzing the clouds’ routing policies, we reveal the reasons behind the path inflations: Alibaba and Tencent adopt an early-exit policy to use more inflated public Internet paths as early as possible; while CTYun follows a global and location-agnostic policy to detour traffic to remote PoPs, leading to highly inflated paths. Based on the insights, we suggest alternative policies and averagely reduce 11.0% latency to 30.5% destinations for Alibaba, 9.8% latency to 18.6% destinations for Tencent, and 54.1% latency to external destinations for CTYun. The results suggest that both cloud designs have rooms for improvement, and an ISP-cloud has the potential to achieve a superior performance, thanks to its inherited advantages from the ISP infrastructure.
An Internet of Things Sensor Array for Spatially and Temporally Resolved Indoor Climate Measurements

The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the need for infection risk analysis and assessment of ventilation systems in indoor environments based on air quality criteria. In this context, simulations and direct measurements of CO2 concentrations as a proxy for exhaled air can help to shed light on potential aerosol pathways. While the former typically lack accurate boundary conditions as well as spatially and temporally resolved validation data, currently existing measurement systems often probe rooms in non-ideal, single locations. Addressing both of these issues, a large and flexible wireless array of 50 embedded sensor units is presented that provides indoor climate metrics with configurable spatial and temporal resolutions at a sensor response time of 20 s. Augmented by an anchorless self-localization capability, three-dimensional air quality maps are reconstructed up to a mean 3D Euclidean error of 0.21 m. Driven by resolution, ease of use, and fault tolerance requirements, the system has proven itself in day-to-day use at ETH Zurich, where topologically differing auditoria (at-grade, sloped) were investigated under real occupancy conditions. The corresponding results indicate significant spatial and temporal variations in the indoor climate rendering large sensor arrays essential for accurate room assessments. Even in well-ventilated auditoria, cleanout time constants exceeded 30 min.
Study of Z boson production in PbPb collisions

A search for Z bosons in the μ+μ− decay channel has been performed in PbPb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, in a 7.2 μb−1 data sample. The number of opposite-sign muon pairs observed in the 60–120 GeV/c2 invariant mass range is 39, corresponding to a yield per unit of rapidity (y) and per minimum bias event of (33.8± 5.5(stat) ± 4.4(syst)) × 10−8, in the |y| < 2.0 range. Rapidity, transverse momentum, and centrality dependencies are also measured. The results agree with next-to-leading order QCD calculations, scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions. Submitted to Physical Review Letters ∗See Appendix A for the list of collaboration members ar X iv :s ub m it/ 02 04 01 9 [ nu cl -e x] 2 6 Fe b 20 11
Candelilla Wax Extracted by Traditional Method and an Ecofriendly Process: Assessment of Its Chemical, Structural and Thermal Properties

A comparative study was carried out on the chemical, structural and thermal properties of candelilla wax from four wax-producing communities in Mexico, which was obtained by two extraction processes, the conventional one using sulfuric acid (SA) and an eco-friendly alternative process using citric acid (CA) as the extracting agent. The waxes were analyzed by basic chemistry (acidity, saponification, ester indexes, and others), color, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman micro-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and hardness and brittleness measurements. The waxes obtained by the environmentally friendly process showed differences in their physicochemical properties when compared to waxes from the conventional process. In addition, they showed some improvements, such as lighter shades and harder waxes, suggesting that the new environmentally friendly process is a viable option.
Fine-root chemical traits rather than morphological traits of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations vary along an altitudinal gradient in Eastern China

Aim of study: To explore the different patterns of fine-root traits by elucidating changes in their chemistries and morphologies in Chinese fir plantations along an altitudinal gradient. Area of study: National Mazongling Nature Reserve (Anhui Province). Material and methods: Soil and fine roots (≤ 2 mm) samples were extracted from three soil layers (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-30 cm) at four altitudes (750 m, 850 m, 1000 m, and 1150m), after which their nutrient concentrations and morphological traits, respectively, were quantified. We employed mixed model ANOVA to test the effects of altitude, soil layer, and their interactions on the characteristics of soil and fine roots. The relationships between the functional traits of fine roots and climate, soil and stand structures were evaluated by the standard major axis regression and the structural equation model. Main results: The chemical traits of fine roots were higher at medium altitudes (which decreased significantly with the soil layer). In contrast the morphological traits of fine roots did not change significantly. In chemical traits, both altitude, organic matter components, and soil total phosphorus (TP) exerted dominant effects on fine-root N, and both altitude and soil TP exerted dominant effects on fine-root P. However, in morphological traits, we found that altitude and soil C:N were crucial impact factors. Research highlights: Fine roots might preferentially adjust their chemical traits rather than morphological traits to facilitate higher root efficiencies in response to variable environmental conditions.
Professional Development Course for Online Teaching and the Production and Use of Instructor-Produced Video

This chapter outlines how online professional development can assist higher education faculty in their move from F2F teaching to online instruction. The use of instructor-produced video is proposed as the major instructional approach for online teaching. To support this teaching approach, an online professional development course is described using six modules: challenges of teaching online, course design decisions using systematic re-examination of course learning outcomes and pedagogy, video production skill-building, and how to teach online with instructor-produced video. The course can be delivered asynchronously but requires expert feedback of course design decisions, module structure, and video production and use. A hybrid approach is suggested scheduled across a 5-day week. In F2F morning sessions, participants examine online course teaching decisions and screencast product use, while afternoon sessions are devoted to course modules and video production. Recommendations for administrators, support staff, and faculty are provided. Research questions are suggested.
Navigating the genomic instability mine field of osteosarcoma to better understand implications of non-coding RNAs

Osteosarcoma is one of the most genomically complex cancers and as result, it has been difficult to assign genomic aberrations that contribute to disease progression and patient outcome consistently across samples. One potential source for correlating osteosarcoma and genomic biomarkers is within the non-coding regions of RNA that are differentially expressed. However, it is unsurprising that a cancer classification that is fraught with genomic instability is likely to have numerous studies correlating non-coding RNA expression and function have been published on the subject. This review undertakes the formidable task of evaluating the published literature of noncoding RNAs in osteosarcoma. This is not the first review on this topic and will certainly not be the last. The review is organized with an introduction into osteosarcoma and the epigenetic control of gene expression before reviewing the molecular function and expression of long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs, and short non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs, piwi RNAs, and short-interfering RNAs. The review concludes with a review of the literature and how the biology of non-coding RNAs can be used therapeutically to treat cancers, especially osteosarcoma. We conclude that non-coding RNA expression and function in osteosarcoma is equally complex to understanding the expression differences and function of coding RNA and proteins; however, with the added lens of both coding and non-coding genomic sequence, researchers can begin to identify the patterns that consistently associate with aggressive osteosarcoma.
Superheavy Lagrangian immersion in 2-torus

We show that the union of a meridian and a longitude of the symplectic 2-torus is superheavy in the sense of Entov-Polterovich. By a result of Entov-Polterovich, this implies that the product of this union and the Clifford torus of $\mathbb{C}P^n$ with the Fubini-Study symplectic form cannot be displaced by symplectomorphisms.