Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parametric Yield of VLSI Systems under Variability: Analysis and Design Solutions

Variability has become one of the vital challenges that the designers of integrated circuits encounter. variability becomes increasingly important. Imperfect manufacturing process manifest itself as variations in the design parameters. These variations and those in the operating environment of VLSI circuits result in unexpected changes in the timing, power, and reliability of the circuits. With scaling transistor dimensions, process and environmental variations become significantly important in the modern VLSI design. A smaller feature size means that the physical characteristics of a device are more prone to these unaccounted-for changes. To achieve a robust design, the random and systematic fluctuations in the manufacturing process and the variations in the environmental parameters should be analyzed and the impact on the parametric yield should be addressed. This thesis studies the challenges and comprises solutions for designing robust VLSI systems in the presence of variations. Initially, to get some insight into the system design under variability, the parametric yield is examined for a small circuit. Understanding the impact of variations on the yield at the circuit level is vital to accurately estimate and optimize the yield at the system granularity. Motivated by the observations and results, found at the circuit level, statistical analyses are performed, and solutions are proposed, at the system level of abstraction, to reduce the impact of the variations and increase the parametric yield. At the circuit level, the impact of the supply and threshold voltage variations on the parametric yield is discussed. Here, a design centering methodology is proposed to maximize the parametric yield and optimize the power-performance trade-off under variations. In addition, the scaling trend in the yield loss is studied. Also, some considerations for design centering in the current and future CMOS technologies are explored. The investigation, at the circuit level, suggests that the operating temperature significantly affects the parametric yield. In addition, the yield is very sensitive to the magnitude of the variations in supply and threshold voltage. Therefore, the spatial variations in process and environmental variations make it necessary to analyze the yield at a higher granularity. Here, temperature and voltage variations are mapped across the chip to accurately estimate the yield loss at the system level. At the system level, initially the impact of process-induced temperature variations on the power grid design is analyzed. Also, an efficient verification method is provided that ensures the robustness of the power grid in the presence of variations. Then, a statistical analysis of the timing yield is conducted, by taking into account both the process and environmental variations. By considering the statistical profile of the temperature and supply voltage, the process variations are mapped to the delay variations across a die. This ensures an accurate estimation of the timing yield. In addition, a method is proposed to
Precision weed control system for cotton

A real–time robotic weed control system was developed and tested in commercial cotton fields. The precision weed control system was capable of distinguishing grass–like weeds from cotton plants and applying a chemical spray only to targeted weeds while traveling at a continuous speed of 0.45 m/s. The robot consisted of a real–time machine vision system, a controlled illumination chamber, and a precision chemical applicator. In commercial cotton fields, the system correctly sprayed 88.8% of the weeds while correctly identifying and not spraying 78.7% of the cotton plants while traveling at 0.45 m/s.
Aircraft measurements of water vapor heavy isotope ratios in the marine boundary layer and lower troposphere during ORACLES

Abstract. This paper presents the water vapor heavy isotope ratio measurement system developed for aircraft in-situ measurements and used in the NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) project. The resultant dataset collected, which includes measurements of specific humidity and the heavy isotope ratios D / H and 18O / 16O, is also presented. Aircraft sampling took place in the southeast Atlantic marine boundary layer and lower troposphere (equator to 22° S) over the months of Sept. 2016, Aug. 2017, and Oct. 2018. Isotope measurements were made using cavity ring-down spectroscopic analyzers integrated into the Water Isotope System for Precipitation and Entrainment Research (WISPER). The water concentration and isotopic data accompanied a suite of other variables including standard meteorological quantities (wind, temperature, moisture), trace gas and aerosol concentrations, radar, and lidar remote sensing. From an isotope perspective, the 300+ hours of 1 Hz in-situ data at levels in the atmosphere ranging from 70 m to 6 km represents a remarkably large and vertically resolved dataset. This paper provides a brief overview of the ORACLES mission and describes how water vapor heavy isotope ratios fit within the experimental design. Overviews of the sampling region and WISPER system setup are presented, along with calibration details, measurement uncertainties, and suggested data usage. Characteristics in the spatial variability of the study region over the three sampling periods are highlighted with latitude-altitude curtains. A number of individual tropospheric profiles are presented to illustrate the fidelity with which a series of different hydrologic processes are captured by the observations. The curtains and profiles demonstrate the dataset’s potential to provide a comprehensive perspective on moisture transport and isotopic content in this region. Readers interested in a quick reference to data usage and uncertainty estimation can consult the beginning of section 5. Data for the Sept. 2016, Aug. 2017, and Oct. 2018 sampling periods can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2016_V2, https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2017_V2, and https://doi.org/10.5067/Suborbital/ORACLES/P3/2018_V2, respectively (see references for ORACLES Science Team, 2020 – 2016 P3 data, 2017 P3 data, and 2018 P3 data).
A Wideband Monopole Antenna Using Parasitic Elements

A novel wide band U-shaped monopole antenna with two C-shaped parasitic elements, suitable for WLAN and WiMAX operations, is pretented experimentally and numerically. The wide-band characteristics are obtained by using the U-shaped patch and the two C-shaped parasitic elements along the CPW signal strip. And the simulated wide antenna yields a 10dB impedance bandwidth range from 2.51GHz to 6.0GHz. The antenna is as small as 20×30×1.6mm3. The investigated antennas have been successfully designed, simulated, showing good impedance bandwidth and omni-directional radiation patterns.
Soliton carrier instability as a communication system noise problem

The soliton pulse and its characteristics are defined. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) noise power spectral density in the fiber is derived. Superposition of amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise on the soliton signal results in a random frequency shift of the soliton carrier (so called Gordon-Haus effect). This frequency shift is solved as a communication system noise problem and the result is used to determine the maximum permissible system length with the presumed BER<10/sup -9/. Possible methods which can suppress the Gordon-Haus effect are listed.
LCA as comparative tool for concrete columns and glulam columns

Nowadays, in the construction sector, some methods are being investigated to detect and minimize their environmental impact. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that allows the evaluation of the environmental burden of a product or process, with a scientific recognition increment; and therefore the aim of this work is to verify the feasibility of the use of LCA in the construction sector. For this purpose, the environmental impacts of the use of conventional reinforced concrete (RC) columns, and Glulam (G) as an alternative material, were compared. The scope of the LCA included the extraction and manufacture of materials and construction of the columns; the software tools used were LCA Manager 1.3 and database Ecoinvent 2.0. The study showed that the most critical stage is the production of materials. RC reports 3.5 times more damage to ecosystem quality, requires a 32% more extraction of natural resources, and produces effects on human health 53% higher than G; while G generates 108 times more damage to land occupation; however, considering environmental measures, this effect can be mitigated, since it is a material 100% renewable. Finally, it was verified that LCA is a feasible option to use in the construction field and, it provides a wide range of results.DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.sace. 11.2. 10291
Is Instructional Technology All Worthwhile? I'm Retiring in the Next Decade.

This paper surveys issues that draw together instructional technology (IT) with the goals of the traditional classroom curriculum. Ways that IT serves to further the traditional educational goals of developing lifelong learners who function with skills, knowledge, and wisdom are examined, as well as the potentials and challenges of IT. The first section addresses the challenges of using IT in the classroom, including the importance of IT tools and the knowledge about how to use them. The second section makes predictions about technology growth in education over the next 10 years. The third section discusses the following statements related to where IT fits into teachers' concerns: (1) My students will use IT ethically and productively as citizens of their nation and the world; (2) My students will learn to think critically about information presented to them; (3) My teaching efforts will be designed to meet students at their appropriate reading and learning levels; (4) My students will be able to find information from a wide variety of sources and reorganize it to make it personally meaningful; and (5) All my students, regardless of socioeconomic or other factors, will be successful in my classroom. (Contains 20 references.) (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. tV NN 00 Is IT Worthwhile? Page 1 Is Instructional Technology All Worthwhile? I'm Retiring in the Next Decade Ernest Balajthy State University of New York at Geneseo
A “sweet” way to increase the metabolic activity and migratory response of cells associated with wound healing: deoxy-sugar incorporated polymer fibres as a bioactive wound patch

The selection of a wound dressing is crucial for successful wound management. Conventional dressings are preferable for the treatment of simple wounds. However, a bioactive wound dressing that supports wound management and accelerates the healing process is required when it comes to treating non-self-healing wounds. 2-deoxy-D-ribose (2dDR) is a small deoxy sugar that naturally occurs in human body. Although we have previously demonstrated that 2dDR can be used to induce neovascularisation and accelerates wound healing in vitro and in vivo, the literature on small sugars is conflicting, and the knowledge on how 2dDR achieves its biological activity is very limited. In this study, several small sugars including D-glucose (DG), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2dDG), 2deoxy-L-ribose (2dLR) were compared to 2dDR by investigating their effects on the metabolic activities of both human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Then, for the first time, a two-dimensional (2D) scratch wound healing model was used to explore the migratory response of HDFs in response to 2dDR treatment. Finally, 2dDR was incorporated into Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polymer fibres via electrospinning, and the metabolic activity of both types of cells in vitro was investigated in response to sugar release via Alamar Blue assay. The results demonstrated that 2dDR was the only sugar, among others, that enhances the metabolic activity of both HDMECs and HDFs and the migratory response of HDFs in a 2D scratch assay in a dose-dependent manner. In addition to direct administration, 2dDR was also found to increase the metabolic activity of HDMECs and HDFs over 7 days when released from polymer fibres. It is concluded that 2dDR is a potential pro-angiogenic agent that has a positive impact not only on endothelial cells but also fibroblasts, which take a key role in wound healing. It could easily be introduced into polymeric scaffolds to be released quickly to enhance the metabolic activity and the migratory response of cells that are associated with angiogenesis and wound healing.
Çalışan Sesi Perspektifinden Ruhsal Bozukluk Tanısı Almış/Psikososyal Engelleri Olan Çalışanlar

Presenting different ideas and suggestions in order to solve problems in organizations; that is, “employee voice” is an important mechanism for innovative, agile and flexible organizational structures. In terms of diversity management, this study covers the hesitations and obstacles that the employees diagnosed with psychological disorders may experience in sharing ideas and solutions about the issues they are dissatisfied with. In terms of employee voice theories, awareness of barriers and responsibilities of organizations are supported by theoretical implications. It is aimed to offer suggestions to HR professionals and managers with the thought that employees with psychosocial barriers should not be left out of the major working group. With this perspective, it has been explained why they may hesitate to share their ideas and opinions and what the responsibilities of organizations can be.
Mallotus Mollissimus and Solanum Erianthum Exhibit Antikinase, Antiphosphatase and Anti-Cancer Properties

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and caused by dysregulated signal transduction from kinase and phosphatases. Inhibitors of kinase and phosphatase have demonstrated anticancer properties. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antikinase, antiphosphatase and cytotoxic properties of Mallotus mollissimus (M. mollissimus) and Solanum erianthum (S. erianthum). Toxic activities against PP1, MKK1 and MSG5 assays were demonstrated by S. erianthum methanol extract. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts showed that chloroform fraction (CE) of M. mollissimus exhibited toxic activity against PP1. Meanwhile, CE of S. erianthum showed positive activity on PP1 assay. Column chromatography separation of the CE has revealed that fractions F1 and F2 of M. mollissimus are toxic against PP1. Meanwhile, F1 and F2 CE fractions of S. erianthum were positive against PP1 and F9 fraction showed toxic activity in PP1 assay. Chloroform extracts of both plants exhibit cytotoxicity activity against HeLa, CaOV3 and MCF7 cell lines. This study demonstrated the potential of M. mollissimus and S. erianthum extracts in antikinase, antiphosphatase and anti-cancer activities which warrant further purification and identification.
Separation of Music+Effects Sound Track from Several International Versions of the Same Movie

This article concerns the separation of the music+effects (ME) track from a movie sountrack, given the observation of several international versions of the same movie. The approach chosen is strongly inspired from existing stereo audio source separation and especially from spatial filtering algorithms such as DUET that can extract a constant panned source from a mixture very efficiently. The problem is indeed similar for we aim here at separating the ME track, which is the common background of all international versions of the movie soundtrack. The algorithm has been adapted to a number of channels greater than 2. Preprocessing techniques have also been proposed to adapt the algorithm to realistic cases. The performances of the algorithm have been evaluated on realistic and synthetic cases.
Occurrence of IL-1, IL-10, CD25, CD40, and CD69 in the tissue of palatine tonsils

Introduction Palatine tonsil disease often coexists with dermatological diseases. Correct diagnosis of inflammation of the palatine tonsil tissue and removal of the diseased palatine tonsils results in remission of the disease. Aim To determine similarities and differences in the immunohistochemistry profile of the palatine tonsil tissue between tonsillitis and hypertrophy, including location of the immunohistochemistry reactions in specific histological sites. Material and methods A prospective analysis of 50 palatine tonsils that had undergone tonsillectomy due to tonsillitis (30 cases) and hypertrophy (20 cases) was performed. The collected material underwent immunohistochemistry staining for: IL-1, IL-10, CD25, CD40, and CD69, and subsequently phenotypic expression of the obtained results was performed including their histological location. Results Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the tonsillitis and hypertrophy groups were found for almost all IHC reactions in the epithelium covering the tonsils for CD-25, CD-69, IL-1, IL-10. Furthermore, significant differences between these groups were found for IL-10 reaction in the subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate and follicular centres of lymphatic follicles as well as for CD-69 reaction between the follicles. When all the locations were summarized, significant (p < 0.05) differences were found for all IHC reactions except for CD-40. Conclusions The investigated markers and cytokines: CD25 and CD69, and IL-1 and IL-10 are more abundant in tonsillitis than in hypertrophy of the palatine tonsils.
Potential Role and Involvement of Antioxidants and Other Secondary Metabolites of Wheat in the Infection Process and Resistance to Fusarium spp.

This article provides a summary of current knowledge about wheat metabolites that may affect resistance against Fusarium head blight (FHB). The mechanisms of resistance, the roles of secondary metabolites in wheat defense, and future directions for breeding are assessed. The soluble phenols play an important role in redox regulation in plant tissues and can act as antimicrobial compounds. The color of cereal hulls and grains is caused by such natural pigments as anthocyanins in the aleurone, endosperm, and pericarp layers of the grain. Phenolic acids, alkylresorcinols, and phytohormones actively participate in the defense system, whereas carotenoids show various effects against Fusarium species that are positively correlated with the levels of their mycotoxins. Pathogen infestation of vegetative tissues induces volatile organic compounds production, which can provide defensive functions to infested wheat. The efficient use of native resistance in the wheat gene pool, introgression of resistant alleles, and implementation of modern genotypic strategies to increase levels of native secondary metabolites with antifungal properties can enhance the FHB resistance of new varieties. Expanding the breeding interest in the use of forms with different grain color and plant organs can be a potential benefit for the creation of lines with increased resistance to various stresses.
Detection of the HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Nef and Vpu by Flow Cytometry Represents a New Tool to Study Their Functional Interplay within a Single Infected CD4+ T Cell

HIV-1 Nef and Vpu exert several biological functions that are important for viral immune evasion, release, and replication. Here, we developed a new method allowing simultaneous detection of these accessory proteins in their native form together with some of their cellular substrates. This allowed us to show that Vpu cannot compensate for the lack of a functional Nef, which has implications for studies that use Nef-defective viruses to study ADCC responses. ABSTRACT The HIV-1 Nef and Vpu accessory proteins are known to protect infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses by limiting exposure of CD4-induced (CD4i) envelope (Env) epitopes at the cell surface. Although both proteins target the host receptor CD4 for degradation, the extent of their functional redundancy is unknown. Here, we developed an intracellular staining technique that permits the intracellular detection of both Nef and Vpu in primary CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. Using this method, we show that the combined expression of Nef and Vpu predicts the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected primary CD4+ T cells to ADCC by HIV+ plasma. We also show that Vpu cannot compensate for the absence of Nef, thus providing an explanation for why some infectious molecular clones that carry a LucR reporter gene upstream of Nef render infected cells more susceptible to ADCC responses. Our method thus represents a new tool to dissect the biological activity of Nef and Vpu in the context of other host and viral proteins within single infected CD4+ T cells. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 Nef and Vpu exert several biological functions that are important for viral immune evasion, release, and replication. Here, we developed a new method allowing simultaneous detection of these accessory proteins in their native form together with some of their cellular substrates. This allowed us to show that Vpu cannot compensate for the lack of a functional Nef, which has implications for studies that use Nef-defective viruses to study ADCC responses.
Photonic Downconversion and Linearization of Microwave Signals from the $X$ - to $K\!$ -Band

A linearized photonic radio frequency (RF)-to-intermediate frequency (IF) conversion system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated based on balanced detection and digital signal postcompensation. The optical carrier suppression and remodulation scheme is employed to significantly reduce the local oscillator frequency requirements and common mode optical phase noises. Photonic IF downconversion is enabled by using a reconfigurable multiport optical processor and balanced coherent detection of the spectrally separated lower and upper first-order sidebands of the phase modulated signals. Moreover, the digital linearization technique is used to suppress the third-order intermodulation components by more than 21 dB and an improvement of the spurious free dynamic range as large as 7 dB for RF signals ranging from 8–20 GHz is also achieved.
Technology and applications of autonomous underwater vehicles

Autonomous underwater vehicles - robot submarines - are revolutionizing the way in which researchers and industry obtain data. Advances in technology have resulted in capable vehicles that have made new discoveries on how the oceans work and have dramatically reduced the cost to industry of surveying the seabed. Technology and Applications of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles describes the technologies that have made this happen and a host of applications from fish abundance studies to finding diamonds beneath the sea. This book will help the next generation of engineers and scientists in academia, industry, and government laboratories to continue in research, defense, and industry.
Time-wARpXplorer:creating a playful experience in an urban time warp

In this paper, we present a novel pervasive mobile game named Time-wARpXplorer (TARX) that comprises of a mobile client and an online authoring tool. The game was created to encourage visitors and locals to explore the city of Lancaster by travelling back in time and space to discover their immediate and distant surroundings. In particular, TARX combines exploration of past and present day by allowing players to warp back in time based on the players physical location. This time travel is linked to present day through the implementation of Foursquare’s checkin platform to further raise awareness of historic sites. The paper focuses on the design considerations and implementation of the novel mobile client (Time-wARpMachine) and the requirement these place on the online authoring tool (Xplorer Authoring Tool).