Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simplicial complexes Reconstruction and Generalisation of 3D LiDAR Data in Urban Scenes. (Reconstruction et GénéRalisation de complexes simpliciaux à partir de scans LiDAR de SCèNES urbaines)

Grâce a leur resolution et a leur accessibilite toujours meilleures, les capteurs LiDAR sont de plus en plus utilises pour cartographier les villes. En effet, ces capteurs sont capables de realiser efficacement des acquisitions a haut resolution, qui peuvent ensuite etre utilisees pour produire des reconstructions geometriquement detaillees de scenes complexes. Cependant, une telle reconstruction necessite d’organiser les donnees avec une structure de donnees adaptee, comme des nuages de points ou des maillages. Les nuages de points fournissent une representation compacte des donnees, mais leur nature discrete empeche certaines applications telles que la visualisation ou la simulation. Les maillages permettent une representation continue des surfaces, mais ne sont pas bien adaptes a la representation d’objets complexes, dont le niveau de detail peut depasser la resolution de l’acquisition. Pour remedier a ces limitations, nous proposons de reconstruire une geometrie continue uniquement lorsque suffisamment d’informations geometriques sont disponibles. Cela nous amene a creer une reconstruction melant triangles, aretes et points. Nous appelons une telle collection d’objets un complexe simplicial. Dans cette these, nous etudions la creation de modeles 3D de scenes urbaines geometriquement detailles, bases sur des complexes simpliciaux. Nous montrons que les complexes simpliciaux sont une alternative appropriee aux maillages. En effet, ils sont rapides a calculer et peuvent etre simplifies tout en conservant une grande fidelite geometrique par rapport aux donnees d’entree. Nous soutenons que les complexes simples transmettent de precieuses informations geometriques qui peuvent a leur tour etre utilisees pour la semantisation des nuages de points 3D. Nous pensons egalement qu’ils peuvent servir de base pour des reconstructions multi-echelles de scenes urbaines. Nous presentons d’abord un algorithme efficace pour le calcul de complexes simpliciaux a partir d’acquisitions LiDAR de scenes urbaines. Comme les complexes simpliciaux reconstruits peuvent etre tres lourds, ils peuvent etre difficiles a traiter sur un ordinateur standard. Pour relever ce defi, nous etudions differentes approches pour les generaliser spatialement, en approximant de grandes zones geometriquement simples par des primitives simples. A cette fin, nous proposons un nouvel algorithme pour calculer des approximations planaires par morceaux de nuages de points 3D, base sur une approche d’optimisation globale. Ensuite, nous proposons deux applications differentes des complexes simpliciaux. La premiere est une methode de polygonalisation ameliorant la creation de modeles 3D legers mais geometriquement precis. La seconde est une methode de classification faiblement supervisee utilisant des descripteurs 3D locaux et globaux
Electrolyzed water as an alternative for environmentally benign semiconductor cleaning

The present semiconductor cleaning technology is based upon RCA cleaning [W. Kern and D.A. Puotinen, Cleaning Solutions Based on Hydrogen Peroxide for use in Silicon Semiconductor Technology (RCA Rev., 1970) pp. 187–206], a high-temperature process that consumes vast amounts of chemicals and ultrapure water (UPW) [T. Futatsuki, T. Imaoka, Y. Yamashita, and K. Mitsumori, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 142 , 966 (1995)]. Therefore, this technology gives rise to many environmental issues, and some alternatives such as electrolyzed water (EW) are being studied. In this work, intentionally contaminated Si wafers were cleaned using electrolyzed water. The electrolyzed water was generated by an electrolysis system that consists of anode, cathode, and middle chambers. Oxidative water and reductive water were obtained in the anode and cathode chambers, respectively. When a NH_4Cl electrolyte was supplied in the middle chamber, the oxidation-reduction potential and pH for anode water (AW) and cathode water (CW) were +1050 mV and 4.8, and −750 mV and 10.0, respectively. AW and CW deterioriated after electrolysis but maintained their characteristics for more than 40 min, which was sufficient for cleaning. Their deterioration was correlated with CO_2 concentration changes dissolved from air. Contact angles of UPW, AW, and CW on DHF-treated Si wafer surfaces were 65.9°, 66.5°, and 56.8°, respectively, which characterizes clearly the electrolyzed water. To analyze the amount of metallic impurities on Si wafer surface, inductively coupled plasma, mass spectroscopy was introduced. AW was effective for Cu removal, while CW was more effective for Fe removal. To analyze the number of particles on Si wafer surfaces, we used the particle measurement Tencor 6220. The particle distributions after various particle removal processes maintained the same pattern. Overflow of EW during cleaning particles resulted in the same cleanness as that obtained with the RCA cleaning process. The roughness of patterned wafer surfaces after EW cleaning was similar to that of as-received wafers. Regardless of process sequence in this work, RCA consumed about 9 l of chemicals, while EW consumed only 400 ml HCl electrolyte or 600 ml NH_4Cl electrolyte to clean 8-in. wafers. It was thus concluded that EW cleaning technology would be very effective for releasing environmental safety, and health issues in the next generation of semiconductor manufacturing.
Luminescent spectroscopy of proteins

INTRODUCTION. ENERGY LEVELS IN MOLECULES AND TRANSITIONS BETWEEN THEM. ENERGY LEVELS. INTERNAL CONVERSION AND VIBRATIONAL RELAXATION. FLUORESCENCE. INTERSYSTEM CROSSING. PHOSPHORESCENCE. FRANK-CONDON PRINCIPLE. LUMINESCENCE LIFETIME. FLUORESCENCE QUANTUM YIELD. STERN-VOLMER EQUATION. EXCITATION ENERGY TRANSFER BETWEEN SINGLET STATES. EFFECTS OF INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS ON ELECTRON-VIBRATIONAL TRANSITIONS IN MOLECULES. SCHEME OF STEADY-STATE SPECTROFLUORIMETER. SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF ISOLATED PROTEIN CHROMOPHORES. TRYPTOPHAN. Absorption Spectrum. Emission Spectra. Emission Lifetime. Analytical Description of the Fluorescence Spectrum Shape. Fluorescence Quantum Yield. Acid-Base Properties in the Ground and Excited State. Fluorescence Quenching by Protein Groups. Temperature Dependence of Bimolecular Quenching of Indole Fluorescence. TYROSINE. Absorption Spectrum. Emission Spectra. Emission Lifetime. Fluorescence Quenching by Protein Groups. PHENYLALANINE. Absorption Spect rum. Emission Spectrum. Fluorescence Quantum Yield. PROTEIN LUMINESCENCE. POSITION AND SHAPE OF PROTEIN FLUORESCENCE SPECTRA. Tryptophan Fluorescence. Tyrosine Fluorescence. Phenylalanine Fluorescence. FLUORESCENCE QUANTUM YIELDS OF PROTEINS. Tryptophan Fluorescence. Tyrosine Fluorescence. Phenylalanine Fluorescence. FLUORESCENCE DECAY OF PROTEINS. Tryptophan Fluorescence. Tyrosine Fluorescence. Phenylalanine Fluorescence. GENERAL STRATEGY OF LUMINESCENT STUDY OF PROTEINS. FLUORESCENCE PARAMETERS AS A MEASURE OF THE FRACTION OF CONVERSION FROM ONE STATE TO ANOTHER IN PROTEINS. SEARCH FOR INTERMEDIATE STATES. STUDIES OF TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCIES OF PROTEIN FLUORESCENCE PARAMETERS. STUDIES OF PH-DEPENDENCIES OF PROTEIN FLUORESCENCE. STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF IONIC STRENGTH ON PROTEIN FLUORESCENCE. STUDIES OF EFFECTS OF DENATURANTS ON PROTEIN FLUORESCENCE. STUDIES OF INTERACTIONS OF PROTEINS WITH LOW MOLECULAR MASS COMPOUNDS BY FLUORESCENCE METHOD. METHOD OF SELECTIVE FLUORESCENCE QUENC HING. LOW TEMPERATURE LUMINESCENCE OF PROTEINS. LITERATURE. Captions to Figures. Tables. Subject Index.
Structural Analysis and Construction of a Thermostable Antifungal Chitinase

We solved the crystal structure of the chitinase from Gazyumaru (Ficus microcarpa) latex exhibiting antifungal activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the thermostable mutant enzyme with a melting temperature (Tm) 6.9°C higher than wild type (WT) and a half-life at 60°C that is 15 times longer than WT was constructed through 10 amino acid substitutions, including 5 proline residues substitutions, making disulfide bonding, and building a salt bridge network in the enzyme. ABSTRACT Chitin is a biopolymer of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine with β-1,4-bond and is the main component of arthropod exoskeletons and the cell walls of many fungi. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) is an enzyme that hydrolyzes the β-1,4-bond in chitin and degrades chitin into oligomers. It has been found in a wide range of organisms. Chitinase from Gazyumaru (Ficus microcarpa) latex exhibits antifungal activity by degrading chitin in the cell wall of fungi and is expected to be used in medical and agricultural fields. However, the enzyme’s thermostability is an important factor; chitinase is not thermostable enough to maintain its activity under the actual application conditions. In addition to the fact that thermostable chitinases exhibiting antifungal activity can be used under various conditions, they have some advantages for the production process and long-term preservation, which are highly demanded in industrial use. We solved the crystal structure of chitinase to explore the target sites to improve its thermostability. We rationally introduced proline residues, a disulfide bond, and salt bridges in the chitinase using protein-engineering methods based on the crystal structure and sequence alignment among other chitinases. As a result, we successfully constructed the thermostable mutant chitinases rationally with high antifungal and specific activities. The results provide a useful strategy to enhance the thermostability of this enzyme family. IMPORTANCE We solved the crystal structure of the chitinase from Gazyumaru (Ficus microcarpa) latex exhibiting antifungal activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the thermostable mutant enzyme with a melting temperature (Tm) 6.9°C higher than wild type (WT) and a half-life at 60°C that is 15 times longer than WT was constructed through 10 amino acid substitutions, including 5 proline residues substitutions, making disulfide bonding, and building a salt bridge network in the enzyme. These mutations do not affect its high antifungal activity and chitinase activity, and the principle for the construction of the thermostable chitinase was well explained by its crystal structure. Our results provide a useful strategy to enhance the thermostability of this enzyme family and to use the thermostable mutant as a seed for antifungal agents for practical use.
AN AUGMENTED REALITY SYSTEM FOR RISK PREVENTION IN HOSPITALS: PRELIMINARY USABILITY DATA

In the health care sector, workers have to deal with a wide range of activities and environments that put them at risk of occupational disease or work-related accidents. In this sense, around 40% of health care workers suffer an accident at work. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have shown their utility in the application of education programs in medicine training, medical diagnoses and, also for safety at work in the health care sector. Regarding the use of Augmented Reality (AR), some examples about its application can be found in the medicine sector. However, in the specific case of safety at work training, no studies have been found so far. In order to test the utility of this tool, the project ANGELS (Augmented Reality Network Generating Learning on Safety) has emerged. It is a European Project (Lifelong Learning Program: 518015-LLP-1-2011-1-IT-LEONARDO-LMP) funded by the European Commission and formed by a Consortium of public and private organizations in Italy (Fondazione PTV Policlinico Tor Vergata, Entropy KN (ENT) e Inglobe Technologies), France (Hopital Broca), the Czech Republic (National Centre of Nursing and Other Health Professions), and Spain (Universitat Jaume I) with the aim of creating a training system based on Augmented Reality about safety and prevention within work environments in the health sector. This paper presents the description of the ANGELS System as well as the preliminary results about the usability perceived by participants in the pilot study carried out in Spain. Results obtained showed acceptable usability for the ANGELS system with a mean score of 67 (SD = 4.81). Although preliminary data about the first version of the ANGELS System revealed acceptable usability, some modifications aiming to improve its usability would be desirable before the next large scale trial is conducted.
Statistical analysis of regional yield trials: AMMI analysis of factorial designs.

Preface. 1. Introduction. The Yield-Trial Experiment. Research Purposes (Accurate Estimates. Reliable Selections. Insightful Models. Efficient Designs). A Brief History. Conclusions. Summary. 2. Basic Statistical Concepts. Four Opportunities for Accuracy. Mathematical Notation. Populations and Samples. Treatment Design and Experimental Design. Pattern, Noise and Error. Prediction and Postdiction (Definitions. Statistical Assessment. Model Criteria and Choice. Fixed and Random Effects. Levels of Prediction. Agricultural Progress). Interaction. A Dubious Dogma. Summary. 3. AMMI and Related Models. AMMI Data. Treatment Means Model. ANOVA Additive Model. Linear Regression Model. PCA Multiplicative Model. AMMI Additive and Multiplicative Model. SHMM Shifted Multiplicative Model. Other Statistical Models. Model Comparisons. Summary. 4. Estimation. Assigning Degrees of Freedom (Structural df. Pure Noise df. Pattern Plus Noise df. Choosing an Accounting). Postdictive Accuracy. Predictive Accuracy. Imputing Missing Data (Interaction Absent: ANOVA. Interaction Present: EM-AMMI). Inspecting AMMI Residuals. Empirical Evidence of Accuracy. Selecting the Best AMMI Model. Summary. 5. Selection. Order Statistics. A Soybean Example. Selection Systems (Simulation of Selection Strategies. The Numbers Game and Noise Game. The Interaction Game. Practical Selection Systems). Corn and Wheat Examples. Summary. 6. Modeling. Biplots for Model Diagnosis. Modeling Interactions. Mapping Genotypes. Understanding Locations. Defining Mega-environments. Causal Explanations. Applications (Physical Sciences. Engineering. Social Sciences. Medicine and Pharmacology. Business). Summary. 7. Efficient Experiments. Research Costs and Benefits. Partitioning Research Resources (Combining Information. Analysis of Experimental Designs. The Selection Triathlon). Statistical Expectations. Open Questions (Optimal Selection Strategies. Heritability. Stability and Dependability. Value-Added Seed). Summary. 8. Conclusions. References. Index.
Relationship Between the Genital Self-Image and the Sexual Quality of Life of Primiparous Women in the Postpartum Period in Heterosexual Couples

Abstract Objectives: This study was planned to investigate the relationship between the genital self-image of primiparae and their sexual quality of life in the postpartum period in heterosexual couples. Method: In this cross-sectional and correlational study, the data were collected through face-to-face interviews in the eastern part of Turkey. Results: The results demonstrated that the relationship between the genital self-image and sexual quality of life of the participants who were sexually active after birth was moderate (r = 0.52, p <.001). Both the genital self-image and sexual quality of life of the participating women were affected by the romantic relationship between them and their partners after birth (p <.01). Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should encourage and support couples to look over their relationship and problems they experience in their romantic relationship after birth.
ONLINE STATISTICS FOR AUSTRALIAN, NEW ZEALAND AND ASIAN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES

This paper describes the Australian and New Zealand Academic and Research Library Statistics and a pilot project for the benchmarking of library statistics for Asian Academic libraries. CAVAL Collaborative Solutions, an Australian library consortium, is managing the pilot project with sponsorship being provided by the iGroup, Asia. CAVAL provides a range of services to its members and customers. These include the collection and publication of library statistics and the provision of consultancy services and professional development and training in Statistics and Library Assessment. In particular CA VAL has managed the collection of the Australian Academic and Research Library Statistics for CAUL (Council of Australian University Librarians) statistics since 1992. In 2004 CAVAL explored options for the development of an online statistics website for the CA UL Statistics and a pilot site was developed, through CAVAL's partnership with the ARL (Association of Research Libraries) and modelled on the well-known ARL online statistics site. Following enthusiastic evaluation by CAUL libraries the pilot site was further developed and the service went live in 2005. Since that time a number of enhancements have been added to the CA UL Statistics Online site. The objectives of the Asian Statistics pilot project are to provide the same functionality as the CAUL Statistics online website for Asian academic libraries; to improve the collection processes for the individual libraries and to develop a sustainable service for statistical benchmarking. Phase 1 of the pilot, during which 2 years worth of data is being collected, loaded and made available for benchmarking from the online website, is almost complete. Twenty-two libraries from four countries in the region - Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Hong Kong - are participating. Phase 2 will allow for the collection of an additional years data from the participating libraries. The online website and the service will then be evaluated by the participating libraries, the iGroup and CAVAL. The paper concludes with an outline of some of the challenges and issues which have arisen through the Asian libraries pilot project.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy for elderly patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective observational study

Background/Aim We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in elderly patients with small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Methods Eighty-three patients (89 lesions) with HCC who underwent SBRT between January 2012 and December 2018 were reviewed in this retrospective observational study. The key inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) age ≥75 years, 2) contraindications for hepatic resection or percutaneous ablative therapies, 3) no macroscopic vascular invasion, and 4) no extrahepatic metastasis. Results The patients were 75-90 years of age, and 49 (59.0%) of them were male. Most patients (94.0%) had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1. Seventy-four patients (89.2%) had Child-Pugh class A hepatic function before SBRT. The median tumor size was 1.6 cm (range, 0.7-3.5). The overall median follow-up period was 34.8 months (range, 7.3-99.3). The 5-year local tumor control rate was 90.1%. The 3-year and 5-year overall survival rate was 57.1% and 40.7%, respectively. Acute toxicity grade ≥3 was observed in three patients (3.6%) with elevated serum hepatic enzymes; however, no patient experienced a worsening of the Child-Pugh score to ≥2 after SBRT. None of the patients developed late toxicity (grade ≥3). Conclusions SBRT is a safe treatment option with a high local control rate in elderly patients with small HCC who are not eligible for other curative treatments.
Mathematical methods for economists

Preface to Third Edition. Preface to the First Edition. 1. Introduction. 2. Vectors and matrices. 3. Operations on vectors. 4. Operations on matrices. 5. Properties of sets of vectors. 6. Determinants. 7. The matrix inverse. 8. Solving systems of equations. 9. Eigenvalues and difference equations. 10. Quadratic forms. 11. Elementary analysis: sets. 12. Functions. 13. Differentiation and derivatives. 14. Taylor's theorem. 15. Theory of maximization and minimization. 16. Functions of several variables. 17. Constrained optimization. 18. Comparative statistics. 19. Integration and differential equations. Bibliography. Answers to odd-numbered problems. Review problems. Index.
Resource-Efficient Distributed Deep Neural Networks Empowered by Intelligent Software-Defined Networking

Contemporary machine learning methods have evolved from conventional algorithms to deep neural networks (DNNs) that are computation- and data- intensive. Thus, they are suitable to be deployed in the cloud that can offer high computational capacity and scalable resources. However, the cloud computing paradigm is not optimal for delay- and energy-sensitive applications. To mitigate these problems, a battery of distributed DNNs have been proposed to allow a fast inference with device-edge-cloud synergy. Furthermore, although distributed deployment of DNNs on real communication networks is an important research topic, the legacy network architecture cannot meet the requirements of these distributed deep neural networks due to the complicated management and manual configuration, etc. To cope with these requirements, we develop a novel and explicit Intelligent Software Defined Networking (ISDN) that aims to manage the bandwidth and computing resources across the network via the SDN paradigm. We first identify the difficulties of deploying distributed intelligent computing in the current network architecture. Then, we explain how to address these problems by introducing the ISDN architecture. Specifically, we develop a dynamic routing method to enable Quality-of-Service (QoS) communication based on the SDN paradigm and propose a Markov Decision Process (MDP) based dynamic task offloading model to achieve the optimal offloading policy of DNN tasks. We develop a simulation platform based on Mininet to measure its performance advantages over traditional architectures. Extensive experimental results show that compared with the traditional network architecture, our architecture based on the SDN paradigm can perform better in terms of both network throughput and resource utilization.
Dynamic alpha-invariants of del Pezzo surfaces with boundary

The global log canonical threshold (or Tian's alpha-invariant) plays an important role in the geometry of Fano varieties. Tian showed that Fano manifolds with big alpha-invariant can be equipped with a Kahler-Einstein metric. In recent years Donaldson drafted a programme to determine when a smooth Fano variety X admits a Kahler-Einstein metric. It was conjectured that the existence of such a metric is equivalent to X being K-stable, an algebraic-geometric property. A crucial step in Donaldson's programme consists on finding a Kahler-Einstein metric with edge singularities of small angle along a smooth anticanonical boundary. Jeffres, Mazzeo and Rubinstein showed that a dynamic version of the alpha-invariant could be used to find such metrics. The global log canonical threshold measures how anticanonical pairs fail to be log canonical. In this thesis we compute the global log canonical threshold of del Pezzo surfaces in various settings. We extend Cheltsov's computation of the global log canonical threshold of complex del Pezzo surfaces to non-singular del Pezzo surfaces over a ground field which is algebraically closed and has arbitrary characteristic. Then we study which anticanonical pairs fail to be log canonical, giving a classification of very singular anticanonical pairs for del Pezzo surfaces of small degree. We conjecture under which circumstances such a classification is plausible for an arbitrary Fano variety and derive consequences. As an application, we compute the dynamic alpha-invariant on smooth del Pezzo surfaces of small degree with any smooth elliptic curve as boundary. The main result of this thesis is a computation of the dynamic alpha-invariant on all smooth del Pezzo surfaces with boundary any smooth elliptic curve C. The values of the alpha-invariant depend on the choice of C. We apply our computation to find Kahler-Einstein metrics with edge singularities.