Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF MOBILE ADDICTION LEVEL AMONG DEGREE COLLEGE STUDENTS

: The purpose of this investigation is to know the mobile addiction level among college students. Giving representation of gender and all types of college management, a sample of 180 college students was randomly selected from Degree colleges in Bangalore city. Self constructed Smart phone addiction scale was used to collect the mobile addiction level among degree college students. The collected data was analyzed utilizing independent ‘t’ test in all cases the level of significance was fixed at 0.05 and 0.01 confidence levels. There was a significant difference in the Mobile Addiction of male and female college students (‘t’=4.58; P=0.000; P<0.01), and also there was no significant differences in the Mobile Addiction of government and private aided; private aided and private unaided; & government and private unaided degree college students. The ‘t’ test concluded that there was a significant difference in the Mobile Addiction of male and female degree college students. The male students had more addiction level when compared with other counter part. The male students to limit their technology use by setting specific goals and creating technology-free zones, such as during study sessions or meals and Promote healthy habits like sleep, and face-to-face social interaction, and encourage them to prioritize these activities over technology use.
Environmental future of estuaries

Background Estuaries rank among the most productive and valuable aquatic ecosystems on Earth (Alongi, 1998). Because of rapid development in coastal watersheds and increasing commercial and recreational use of estuaries, anthropogenic impacts threaten the long-term viability and health of these important ecotones (Kennish 1992, 2001, 2002). Trends of population growth and development in the coastal zone indicate that anthropogenic activities and impacts on estuaries will likely become more pervasive and persistent throughout the world during the next 25 years.
Throne Names, Pen Names, Horse Names, and Field Names: A Look at the Significance of Name Change in the Ethiopian Political Sphere

This study examines the motivations for name changes and the purposes the chosen names accomplish, specifically relating to the Ethiopian political sphere. Throne names and horse names were used solely by the emperors and the ruling class. Those name changes exalted the bearer by either stating his authority or connecting him to divine power. Pen names and field names were used by people not in power to hide their identity from people with the power to harm them. Although the purpose of those name changes was to disguise, the names that were chosen identified the bearer with another person or made a statement about the situation. ISP Codes: Social Sciences Social Sciences: General – 501 Regional Studies: Africa – 517 History – 524
Investigating the distribution of Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae in south-west Victoria using satellite remote sensing and GIS

Mapping and analysis of the distribution of environmental weeds is an important component of strategic weed management. Such information is particularly important in managing 'native invaders', where invasion characteristics must be clearly understood prior to any management action being taken. This paper reports on an investigation of the current distribution of the native invader Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae (Labill.) Court (coast wattle) in south-west Victoria, using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Coast wattle was successfully mapped from Landsat ETM imagery using a supervised classification procedure, with 82%, of coast wattle shown on the map accurately depicting coast wattle on the ground. An estimated 11,448 ha were classified as supporting coast wattle, representing 12% of native vegetation in the study area. A more detailed GIS analysis in the Lower Glenelg National Park revealed coast wattle has invaded a limited number of vegetation types, and is more prevalent close to roads and within management zones associated with disturbance. The current regional extent of the species means widespread control is unlikely; hence the immediate focus should be on preventing further spread into areas where it is currently absent. Landsat imagery also proved to be a successful tool for mapping large scale coast wattle distribution, and could be used in long-term monitoring of the species.
Drinking-Water and drinking water: Trajectories of Provision and Consumption in the UK, Taiwan and Delhi

In many advanced economies, water is one of the most taken-for-granted and ? ordinary? objects of consumption. However, the emergence of all-purpose (including drinking) water was the outcome of long and varied historical processes, involving major changes in both systems of provision and patterns of consumption. In many parts of the world, there are still different types and sources of water for different consumption purposes, and there are significant inequalities in rights over this most basic resource, especially water fit for drinking. Water presents a critical lens to explore organisations of economies of a good, which are often a complex mix of private, commercial, or public systems of provision. This paper will argue that an ? instituted economic process? approach is fruitful in exploring diverse configurations of production, appropriation, distribution and consumption of water. In particular, it will argue that practices of consumption are best analysed as integral and necessary dimensions of these wider configurations of economic organisation. The analysis will draw on my current comparative research in the UK, Delhi and Taiwan, and empirically demonstrates the need to problematise water as a consumption good, in order to understand its rich and complex diversity. This research arose from my comparative research on bottled water, undertaken in the wider research programme of the ESRC Sustainable Practices Research Group.
Decomposition of halomethanes on α-alumina at stratospheric temperatures

We present data that suggest the possibility of a previously unsuspected heterogeneous process involving the decomposition of halocarhon source gases on alumina solid-propellant rocket motor exhaust particles deposited in the stratosphere. These results, obtained under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, provide evidence that halomethane compounds undergo dissociative chemisorption on α-alumina surfaces at stratospheric temperatures, leading to the release of more reactive halogen containing species. Simple calculations indicate that halocarbon concentrations will be severely depleted in the immediate wake of the rocket plume; any serious global impact at current projected launch rates requires the existence of one or more processes that regenerate active sites on the surface subsequent to the dissociative chemisorption of halocarbons.
The subpower membership problem of 2-nilpotent algebras

The subpower membership problem SMP(A) of a finite algebraic structure A asks whether a given partial function from A^k to A can be interpolated by a term operation of A, or not. While this problem can be EXPTIME-complete in general, Willard asked whether it is always solvable in polynomial time if A is a Mal'tsev algebras. In particular, this includes many important structures studied in abstract algebra, such as groups, quasigroups, rings, Boolean algebras. In this paper we give an affirmative answer to Willard's question for a big class of 2-nilpotent Mal'tsev algebras. We furthermore develop tools that might be essential in answering the question for general nilpotent Mal'tsev algebras in the future.
Optimal Entry and Exit with Signature in Statistical Arbitrage

In this paper, we explore an optimal timing strategy for the trading of price spreads exhibiting mean-reverting characteristics. A sequential optimal stopping framework is formulated to analyze the optimal timings for both entering and subsequently liquidating positions, all while considering the impact of transaction costs. Then we leverages a refined signature optimal stopping method to resolve this sequential optimal stopping problem, thereby unveiling the precise entry and exit timings that maximize gains. Our framework operates without any predefined assumptions regarding the dynamics of the underlying mean-reverting spreads, offering adaptability to diverse scenarios. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate its superior performance when comparing with conventional mean reversion trading rules.
Nonconvex third-order Tensor Recovery Based on Logarithmic Minimax Function

Recent researches have shown that low-rank tensor recovery based non-convex relaxation has gained extensive attention. In this context, we propose a new Logarithmic Minimax (LM) function. The comparative analysis between the LM function and the Logarithmic, Minimax concave penalty (MCP), and Minimax Logarithmic concave penalty (MLCP) functions reveals that the proposed function can protect large singular values while imposing stronger penalization on small singular values. Based on this, we define a weighted tensor LM norm as a non-convex relaxation for tensor tubal rank. Subsequently, we propose the TLM-based low-rank tensor completion (LRTC) model and the TLM-based tensor robust principal component analysis (TRPCA) model respectively. Furthermore, we provide theoretical convergence guarantees for the proposed methods. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on various real datasets, and a comparison analysis was made with the similar EMLCP method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Gender, Class, and Access to Water: Three Cases in a Poor and Crowded Delta

Water plays a pivotal role in economic activity and in human well-being. Because of the prominence of water in production (primarily for irrigation) and in domestic use (drinking, washing, cooking), conflict over water and the effects of gender-influenced decisions about water may have far-reaching consequences on human well-being, economic growth, and social change. At the same time, social conflicts and social change are shaped and mediated, often in unexpected ways, by the natural conditions in which water occurs. The social relations of water are poorly understood. This article introduces a framework for disaggregating conditions of access to water and uses it to examine three pressing questions in Bangladesh. First, extraction of groundwater for irrigation has made many drinking-water hand pumps run dry. Second, increasing use of groundwater for drinking has been associated with the poisoning of at least 20 million people through naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater. Third, the article examines some of the ways access to water has been changed by the rise of shrimp aquaculture for export. This article highlights new directions for the analysis of interactions among water, class, and gender. The existing literature has tended to focus on the implications of gender analysis for government policy, especially development projects and water resources management, and for women's organization. In this article we begin to sketch some questions that arise from a concern to understand the broader context of social change.
Physicochemical Characteristics, Degradation Rate and Vulnerability Potential of Obudu Cattle Ranch Soils in Southeast Nigeria

Obudu Cattle Ranch covers an area of 2400 hactares at an altitude of 900 - 1500 m above mean sea level and is suitable for cultivation of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) cabbage (Brassica oleracea), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) because of its semitemperate climate. Physicochemical characteristics, degradation rates and vulnerability potential of the soils were studied. Eighteen composite soil samples (0 - 15 and 15 - 30 cm) were collected at interval of 500 m along North-South and East-West transects in nine locations. The soils were characterized as follows: texture of sandy loam for the surface and subsurface soils; pH(H2O) (4.7 - 5.7), organic carbon (4.9 - 74.8 gkg－1), total nitrogen (0.2 - 4.8 gkg－1), carbon-nitrogen ratio (14 - 25), available P (6.66 - 107.89 mgkg－1), effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) (5.58 - 14.62 cmol·kg－1) and base saturation (49.37% - 85.28%); the surface soils were generally higher in organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P and ECEC than the subsurface. The Soil Degradation Rate (SDR)/ Vulnerability Potential (Vp) weighted values of texture (3/3), soil pH(H2O) (4/2), organic carbon (1/5) and base saturation (2/4) showed moderate to low susceptibility of the soils to degradation or vulnerability. The soils could be managed by liming, practicing crop rotation and using soil conservative measures.
What is a chaperone in the context of pharmacology ?

Ringe and Petsko: Journal of Biology 2009, 8:80 What is a chaperone in the context of pharmacology? The term chaperone is borrowed from the name of a class of proteins that function in living cells [1]. Protein molecules are usually only marginally stable under physiological conditions, so some percent of them are often unfolded or misfolded. Such molecules can aggregate with one another, or with properly functioning proteins, with deleterious consequences to the cell. Protein chaperones prevent these unwanted associations by sequestering unfolded and misfolded proteins and providing them with an environment in which they have the opportunity to refold properly. In addition, the interior of a living cell is an extremely crowded environment, in which the concen­ tration of macromolecules may exceed 100 μM [2,3]. As a protein is being synthesized on the ribosome, protein chaperones protect the nascent polypeptide chain from undesirable associations in that crowded environment until it can fold properly. In pharmacology, the role of a chaperone is similar, but instead of being proteins, pharma cological chaperones are small molecules, and instead of assisting in folding, they usually stabilize an already folded macromolecule (usually a protein) by binding to it and stabilizing it against thermal denaturation and proteolytic degradation [4­6].
MPLS Fault Management Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)

This document specifies Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) messages to indicate service disruptive conditions for MPLS- based transport network Label Switched Paths. The notification mechanism employs a generic method for a service disruptive condition to be communicated to a Maintenance Entity Group End Point. This document defines an MPLS OAM channel, along with messages to communicate various types of service disruptive conditions. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Interleukin-7: from bench to clinic.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) was initially isolated more than 10 years ago. [1-4][1] Nevertheless, the complete set of physiologic roles for this cytokine, especially those involving lymphocyte homeostasis, have only recently been elucidated. After the initial descriptions of effects on B-cell precursors,
Exploring Water Level Sensitivity for Metropolitan New York during Sandy (2012) Using Ensemble Storm Surge Simulations

This paper describes storm surge simulations made for Sandy (2012) for the Metropolitan New York (NYC) area using the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model forced by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The atmospheric forecast uncertainty was quantified using 11-members from an atmospheric Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) system. A control WRF member re-initialized every 24 h demonstrated the capability of the WRF-ADCIRC models to realistically simulate the 2.83 m surge and 4.40 m storm tide (surge + astronomical tide) above mean lower low water (MLLW) for NYC. Starting about four days before landfall, an ensemble of model runs based on the 11 “best” meteorological predictions illustrate how modest changes in the track (20–100 km) and winds (3–5 m s−1) of Sandy approaching the New Jersey coast and NYC can lead to relatively large (0.50–1.50 m) storm surge variations. The ensemble also illustrates the extreme importance of the timing of landfall relative to local high tide. The observed coastal flooding was not the worst case for this particular event. Had Sandy made landfall at differing times, locations and stages of the tide, peak water levels could have been up to 0.5 m higher than experienced.
Linking major shifts in East Africa ‘short rains’ to the Southern Annular Mode

The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is a natural climate mode of variability whose discovery can be traced back at least as far as the beginning of the 20th century, before human activities produced enough gases to noticeably change the climate. However, recent observed changes in the SAM are linked to increases of greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion, hence assigning SAM's alterations, in large part, to human activities. In this study, the 20th century reanalysis data were used to establish the SAM's prominent shifts during the years 1917, 1961 and 1997. The first shift coincides with abrupt greenhouse gas increases and the latter shifts are attributed to stratospheric ozone level changes. The East Africa ‘Short Rains’ (EASR) index derived from the Global Precipitation Climatology Center (GPCC) dating back to the beginning of the 20th century, demonstrates coinciding shifts with the SAM index. However, the SAM's influence on EASR appears to be achieved through a meridional dipole that is formed in the sea‐level pressure of the Indian Ocean basin, with one pole over the Tropics and the other over the extratropics. When this dipole pattern is weakly developed as the period between 1961 and 1997, the SAM is decoupled from the EASR and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) demonstrates a dominant role in modulating the EASR. The SAM is also linked to the IOD through its control of the Mascarene High variability, hence connecting the SAM to the dominant circulation variability in the Indian Ocean. Although the El Nino Southern Oscillation is strongly correlated to EASR, it is not related to the epochal variability in the rainfall. Therefore, the slow modulation in EASR is linked to the SAM whose shifts are triggered by gases emanating from human influences.
Start and end of bedload transport in gravel‐bed streams

The threshold of incipient bedload motion, expressed either as a critical force or as a critical water discharge, is a key parameter in bedload transport prediction. Measuring the threshold of motion is difficult, and reliable data from natural streams are rare. By recording the vibrations triggered by bedload particles when moving over a steel plate mounted in the channel bed, we determined the time at start and end of bedload transport in four streams, where discharge is continuously monitored. The threshold discharge scatters over approximately one order of magnitude for each stream, reinforcing previous observations that critical discharge is characterized by a distribution of values. We interpret a strong correlation between the discharge at the start of transport and the discharge at the end of transport of the previous event to reflect temporal changes in bed structure and consequent effects on the driving and resisting forces acting on the bed.
Satellite Gravity and the Geosphere: Contributions to the Study of the Solid Earth and Its Fluid Earth

The Earth is a dynamic system-it has a fluid, mobile atmosphere and oceans, a continually changing distribution of ice, snow, and groundwater, a fluid core undergoing hydromagnetic motion, a mantle undergoing both thermal convection and rebound from glacial loading of the last ice age, and mobile tectonic plates.
Reconciling two approaches to attribution of the 2010 Russian heat wave

In the summer 2010 Western Russia was hit by an extraordinary heat wave, with the region experiencing by far the warmest July since records began. Whether and to what extent this event is attributable to anthropogenic climate change is controversial. Dole et al. (2011) report the 2010 Russian heat wave was “mainly natural in origin” whereas Rahmstorf and Coumou (2011) write that with a probability of 80% “the 2010 July heat record would not have occurred” without the large‐scale climate warming since 1980, most of which has been attributed to the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. The latter explicitly state that their results “contradict those of Dole et al. (2011). ” Here we use the results from a large ensemble simulation experiment with an atmospheric general circulation model to show that there is no substantive contradiction between these two papers, in that the same event can be both mostly internally‐generated in terms of magnitude and mostly externally‐driven in terms of occurrence‐probability. The difference in conclusion between these two papers illustrates the importance of specifying precisely what question is being asked in addressing the issue of attribution of individual weather events to external drivers of climate.
Modélisation et résolution de problèmes généralisés de tournées de véhicules. (Modeling and solving the generalized routing problems)

Le probleme de tournees de vehicules est un des problemes d’optimisation combinatoire les plus connus et les plus difficiles. Il s’agit de determiner les tournees optimales pour une flotte de vehicules afin de servir un ensemble donne de clients. Dans les problemes classiques de transport, chaque client est normalement servi a partir d’un seul nœud (ou arc). Pour cela, on definit toujours un ensemble donne de nœuds (ou arcs) obligatoires a visiter ou traverser, et on recherche la solution a partir de cet ensemble de nœuds (ou arcs). Mais dans plusieurs applications reelles ou un client peut etre servi a partir de plus d’un nœud, (ou arc), les problemes generalises qui en resultent sont plus complexes. Le but principal de cette these est d’etudier trois problemes generalises de tournees de vehicules. Le premier probleme de la tournee sur arcs suffisamment proche (CEARP), comporte une application reelle interessante en routage pour le releve des compteurs a distance ; les deux autres problemes, probleme de tournees couvrantes multi-vehicules (mCTP) et probleme generalise de tournees sur nœuds (GVRP), permettent de modeliser des problemes de conception des reseaux de transport a deux niveaux. Pour resoudre ces problemes, nous proposons une approche exacte ainsi que des metaheuristiques. Pour developper la methode exacte, nous formulons chaque probleme comme un programme mathematique, puis nous construisons des algorithmes de type branchement et coupes. Les metaheuristiques sont basees sur le ELS (ou Evolutionary Local Search) et sur le GRASP (ou Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure). De nombreuses experimentations montrent la performance de nos methodes.