Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ovarian follicle size or growth rate can both be determinants of ovulatory follicle selection in mice

Abstract The endocrinology regulating ovulation of the desired number of oocytes in the ovarian cycle is well described, particularly in mono-ovulatory species. Less is known about the characteristics that make one follicle suitable for ovulation while most other follicles die by atresia. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injection was used to characterize granulosa cell proliferation rates in developing ovarian follicles in the estrous cycle of mice. This methodology allowed identification of follicle diameters of secondary (80–130 μm), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-sensitive (130–170 μm), FSH-dependent (170–350 μm), and preovulatory (>350 μm) follicles. Few preovulatory-sized follicles were present in the ovaries of mice at estrus, the beginning of the cycle. Progressive increases were seen at metestrus and diestrus, when full accumulation of the preovulatory cohort (~10 follicles) occurred. BrdU pulse-chase studies determined granulosa cell proliferation rates in the 24–48 h before the follicle reached the preovulatory stage. This showed that slow-growing follicles were not able to survive to the preovulatory stage. Mathematical modeling of follicle growth rates determined that the largest follicles at the beginning of the cycle had the greatest chance of becoming preovulatory. However, smaller follicles could enter the preovulatory follicle pool if low numbers of large antral follicles were present at the beginning of the cycle. In this instance, rapidly growing follicles had a clear selection advantage. The developing follicle pool displays heterogeneity in granulosa cell proliferation rates, even among follicles at the same stage of development. This parameter appears to influence whether a follicle can ovulate or become atretic.
El abordaje de la prostitución desde el SMAM

By this Final Project Work I try to meet how SMAM (Service to the Women's Hall of Pamplona) works the prostitution tackling, focusing on the demand for these past two years. To achieve this objective, I have resorted to the information from SMAM’s database and to the interviews I made to service's professionals. This information focuses on analyzing the characteristics of these women, their main demands, work limitations and the most resources used to achieve the improvement of women who meet that profile.
Plume Distortion and Apparent Attenuation Due to Concentration Averaging in Monitoring Wells

Mathematical models that simulate common monitoring well sampling demonstrate the distortions that vertical concentration averaging causes during the mapping and modeling of an idealized, three‐dimensional contaminant plume emanating from a simple source of constant solute concentration. The apparent extent of the plume, mapped using simulations of a regular grid of screened monitoring wells, ranged from a worst case of 0% of the original plume area for long screens (4 m) in a low‐permeability formation to 90% for short screens (1 m) in a high‐permeability formation. When well design and purging procedure were inconsistent among wells, the mapped plume exhibited spurious directional skewing, bifurcation, zones of low concentration, intermittent sources, or multiple sources. Although the study plume was not retarded, calibrating a transport model to the monitoring well data resulted in retardation factors of up to 23. If first‐order decay was assumed, the apparent decay constant was found to be as much as 1.8 × 10‐7 sec‐1 (T1/2= 45 days). Apparent retardation or decay was inconsistent from well to well, depending on the saturated screen length, the degree of screen desaturation during purging, and the distance from the source. The study indicates that the quantitative assessment of contaminant distributions and transport processes requires discrete vertical sampling in the common situation where concentrations vary sharply with depth, even in the most ideal hydrogeologic environment. If screened monitoring wells are used, screen lengths and placements should be appropriate to the contamination situation being assessed and inherent biases must be considered. Even so, vertical concentration averaging biases and the resulting inconsistencies can result in highly misleading evaluations of ground‐water contamination problems.
On Places Lost and Places Regained: Reflections on the Alternative Food Geography and Sustainable Regional Development

This paper departs from the observation that the industrialization and globalization of the agri-food supply chain has disconnected food from its socio-cultural and physical territorial context. In recent years there is growing recognition of the multitude of problems associated with the prevailing food regime, such as consumers’ mistrust in agro-industrial food, environmental pollution and rising prevalence of obesity and malnutrition. This paper outlines and illustrates the emergence of an alternative paradigm as a response the problems associated with the agro-industrial logic. It shows how a more integrated and territorial agri-food approach can support sustainable regional development.
Prednisolone versus cyclosporine as initial treatment for Kawasaki disease

Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of prednisolone and cyclosporine as initial combination treatments for the prevention of coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in patients with Kawasaki disease. However, whether prednisolone or cyclosporine results in superior clinical outcomes is unknown. Thus, this study aimed to compare the outcomes of these two treatments.
Monitoring pressure depletion and improving geomechanical models of the Shearwater Field using 4D seismic

Dedicated 4D seismic data have been used to investigate horizontal and vertical compartmentalization in the high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) Shearwater Field in the U.K. Central North Sea. Geomechanical modeling and conversion of model results to synthetic seismic time shifts allow quantitative comparison of models with real 4D seismic time shifts. Drilling in and around heavily depleted reservoirs is very challenging, and matching the geomechanical model to all data sets (including 4D) provides the best possible constraints on the likely stress fields an infill well will encounter in the overburden and the reservoir.
Alternative Interpretations for Microstructure Patches in the Thermocline

Abstract Two interpretations of microstructure patches measured in the main thermocline of the North Pacific by Gregg (1980) are questioned. He concludes that the observed microstructure is not fossil-temperature turbulence and that the observed Cox numbers imply vertical diffusivities by turbulent mixing which am about 10−2 times smaller than canonical values of order 10−4 m2 s−1. The first conclusion that the micro-structure is not fossil depends on an unnecessary assumption that in order to be fossil the microstructure must not be moving: actually, fossil-turbulence microstructure must always have internal wave and laminar restratification motions. The second conclusion depends on the first. The pattern of Thorpe-displacement scales for the patches containing zero temperature gradients implies they were produced by turbulence with vertical scales as large as several meters. However, the large distances separating the zero-gradient points implies that the microstructure is fossil at all scales at the ti.
Observing Interannual Variations in Hadley Circulation Atmospheric Diabatic Heating and Circulation Strength

AbstractSatellite and reanalysis data are used to observe interannual variations in atmospheric diabatic heating and circulation within the ascending and descending branches of the Hadley circulation (HC) during the past 12 yr. The column-integrated divergence of dry static energy (DSE) and kinetic energy is inferred from satellite-based observations of atmospheric radiation, precipitation latent heating, and reanalysis-based surface sensible heat flux for monthly positions of the HC branches, determined from a mass weighted zonal mean meridional streamfunction analysis. Mean surface radiative fluxes inferred from satellite and surface measurements are consistent to 1 W m−2 (<1%) over land and 4 W m−2 (2%) over ocean. In the ascending branch, where precipitation latent heating dominates over radiative cooling, discrepancies in latent heating among different precipitation datasets reach 22 W m−2 (17%), compared to 3–6 W m−2 in the descending branches. Whereas direct calculations of DSE divergence from two .
Abundance and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Glacier Systems

Abstract The biogeochemical cycling of organic carbon (OC) has important implications for aquatic system ecology because the abundance and molecular characteristics of OC influence contaminant transport and bioavailability, and determine its suitability as a substrate for microbial metabolism. There have been few studies of OC cycling in glacier systems and questions remain regarding the abundance, provenance, and biogeochemical transformations of OC in these environments. To address these questions, the abundance and fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were investigated at John Evans Glacier and Outre Glacier, Canada, and Victoria Upper Glacier, Antarctica. These systems are characterized by different thermal and hydrological regimes, and have different potential DOC sources. Where possible, samples of supraglacial runoff, glacier ice and basal ice, and subglacial meltwater were collected. The DOC concentration in each sample was measured (high-temperature combustion and non-dispersive IR detection), and emission and/or synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the DOC from each environment. DOC exists in detectable quantities (0.06–46.6 ppm) in all of these glacier systems. The fluorescence characteristics of DOC vary between glaciers, between environments at the same glacier, and over time within a single environment. These results suggest that quality of available OC and glacier hydrological flow routing influence the characteristics of DOC, and that microbial cycling of OC may be active in glacier systems.
Response of Coniferous Seedlings to Soil Applications of Calcium and Magnesium Fertilizers

Coniferous seedlings and transplants growing in two nurseries located on coarse sandy soils in northern Wisconsin showed intense yellowing of the outer portions of needles or, in severe cases, the entire foliage. This condition was accompanied by a greatly reduced rate of growth. Greenhouse and sample plot trials revealed that the yellowing was caused by acute deficiency of both calcium and magnesium in available or exchangeable form. The results of soil and foliar analyses suggested antagonistic interrelationships between calcium and magnesium and potassium. The normal color and rate of growth of seedlings were restored by application of 1 ton per acre of dolomitic limestone. A similar effect was produced by rototilling a 6-inch topdressing of leaf mold from a productive hardwood-coniferous stand.
A radiative transfer model for remote sensing of laser induced fluorescence of phytoplankton in non-homogeneous turbid water

A semi-analytic Monte Carlo simulation methodology (SALMON) was discussed. This simulation technique is particularly well suited for addressing fundamental radiative transfer problems in oceanographic LIDAR (optical radar), and also provides a framework for investigating the effects of environmental factors on LIDAR system performance. The simulation model was extended for airborne laser fluorosensors to allow for inhomogeneities in the vertical distribution of constituents in clear sea water. Results of the simulations for linearly varying step concentrations of chlorophyll are presented. The SALMON technique was also employed to determine how the LIDAR signals from an inhomogeneous media differ from those from homogeneous media.
Tactile Feedback in Upper Limb Prosthetics: A Pilot Study on Trans-Radial Amputees Comparing Different Haptic Modalities

Despite technological advancements, upper limb prostheses still face high abandonment/rejection rates due to limitations in control interfaces and the absence of force/tactile feedback. Improving these aspects is crucial for enhancing user acceptance and optimizing functional performance. This pilot study, therefore, aims to understand which sensory feedback in combination with a soft robotic prosthetic hand could provide advantages for amputees, including performing everyday tasks. Tactile cues provided are contact information, grasping force, degree of hand opening, and combinations of this information. To transfer such feedback, different wearable systems are used, based on either vibrotactile or force stimulation in a non-invasive modality matching approach. Five volunteers with a trans-radial amputation controlling the new prosthetic hand SoftHand Pro performed a study protocol including everyday tasks. The results indicate the preference of amputees for a single, i.e. non-combined, feedback modality. The choice of appropriate haptic feedback seems to be subject and task-specific. Furthermore, in alignment with the participants' feedback, force feedback, with adequate granularity and clarity, could potentially be the most valuable feedback among those presented. Finally, the study suggests that prosthetic solutions should be preferred where amputees are able to choose their feedback system.
A Meta-Ethnographic Review of Forensic Psychiatry Inpatient Care. Nursing Staff Experiences of the Nurse-Patient Encounter

Abstract Aim The aim of this review was to synthesise qualitative research into how nurses perceive and experience encountering patients in forensic inpatient care. Review method This review followed the steps of meta-ethnography developed by Noblit and Hare. Data sources Twelve studies, published from 2011 to 2021, were identified through a search of relevant databases in December 2021. Findings The synthesis revealed three third-order and 10 second-order constructs during the translation of concepts in the studies. These are: Adopting the patient’s perspective (liberation, comprehension and resistance), Action (security, trust, flexibility and predictability) and Activation (afraid or safe, involved or indifferent and boundaries). Further, a line of argument was developed which indicates that in forensic psychiatry inpatient care, nurses experience having to deal with internal and external resistance that affects their freedom of choice in the creation of a caring relationship. Conclusion The encounter is experienced as a continuous process in which the foundation is laid for the encounter (approach), the encounter unfolds and develops (action) and the nurse experiences the encounter (activation). The process is intertwined with and takes place in a context where care is influenced by the duality of the task (task), the culture of care (context), the patient’s expression (patient) and the nurse’s own impression of the patient’s expression (oneself). Implications Professional communities should support initiatives that can strengthen nurses’ self-awareness and provide opportunities for reflection on practice, which will both benefit the resilience of the nursing staff and the quality of care for patients in this setting.
Modeling Sea Level During El Niño

Abstract We test the hypothesis that sea level variations associated with EL Nino events are a response to wind changes in the central Pacific and that the signal is transmitted to the coast of South America by packets of equatorial Kelvin waves. A linear model is forced by wind stress anomalies composited from six EL Ninos occurring between 1951 and 1972 (Rasmusson and Carpenter). Model sea level is compared with similar composites of tidegage measurements from selected equatorial Pacific stations. Although several vertical modes are included in the calculation, only the two gravest baroclinic modes make significant contributions to the sea level signal. Model results duplicate the pattern and timing of the observed sea level anomalies but amplitudes are systematically low. This is especially true at central and western Pacific stations, and it is suggested that the poor quality of the forcing data may be at fault there. Results at the east provide better support for the theory: in particular, the twin-p.
Deep crustal electrical conductivity in the Adirondacks

Controlled and natural source electromagnetic induction experiments in the Adirondack Precambrian shield region of northern New York State indicate that the electrical conductivity of the crust is consistent with laboratory studies of moist igneous rock and in serious discord with such measurements on dry rock. A highly conductive layer is found in the lower crust at a depth of ∼22 km. Four three-axis flux gate magnetometers were deployed at distances of 20 to 62 km from a central source location in Newcomb, New York. A single turn horizontal loop of wire 4.5 km in diameter carrying 65 rms amperes of square wave current generated an oscillating magnetic dipole source field at frequencies of . 05 and . 1 Hz. The magnetic field data were computer processed to determine the amplitude and phase of the vertical and horizontal magnetic field components relative to the source. These data, together with previous data in the frequency range 0.4 to 400 Hz, indicate a conductivity of 1×10−4mhos/m extending to 10 km, underlain by a conductivity of 1×10−3mhos/m to 22 km. At 22-km depth the conductivity increases to between ∼4×10−2 and ∼8×10−2 mhos/m. Geomagnetic fluctuations in the period range 10 to 200 s have been analyzed using the gradient method of Kuckes and Schmucker. These data indicate that the conductive feature in the lower crust is of finite extent with a conductance of ∼400 mhos. Comparison of the Adirondack results with the results of controlled and natural source experiments in South Africa and North America indicate similar crustal conductivities among these stable shield regions.
Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd), a Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3–Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Patients With Previously Treated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3–Expressing Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Multicenter, Phase I/II Trial

PURPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) is broadly expressed in breast cancer; high expression is associated with an adverse prognosis. Patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) is an investigational HER3-targeted antibody-drug conjugate that is being evaluated as a novel treatment in HER3-expressing advanced breast cancer in the U31402-A-J101 study. METHODS Adults with disease progression on previous therapies were eligible. Patients in the dose-escalation, dose-finding, and dose-expansion parts received HER3-DXd 1.6-8.0 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks or one of two alternative dosing regimens. In the dose-escalation part, the primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose and recommended dose for expansion (RDE). The safety and efficacy of the RDE were assessed during dose expansion. RESULTS One hundred eighty-two enrolled patients received ≥1 dose of HER3-DXd. Patients had a median of five previous therapies for advanced disease. Efficacy results are reported across clinical subtypes: hormone receptor–positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2-negative) breast cancer (n = 113; objective response rate [ORR], 30.1%; median progression-free survival [mPFS], 7.4 months), triple-negative breast cancer (n = 53; ORR, 22.6%; mPFS, 5.5 months), and HER2-positive breast cancer (n = 14; ORR, 42.9%; mPFS, 11.0 months). Objective responses were observed in cancers with HER3-high and HER3-low membrane expression. Dose-limiting toxicities observed during dose selection were decreased platelet count and elevated aminotransferases. In dose expansion, GI and hematologic toxicities were the most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) observed. Grade ≥3 TEAEs were observed in 71.4% of patients, and 9.9% discontinued treatment because of TEAEs. Three grade 3 and one grade 5 treatment-related interstitial lung disease events occurred. CONCLUSION HER3-DXd demonstrated a manageable safety profile and durable efficacy in heavily pretreated patients across clinical subtypes. These data warrant further evaluation of HER3-DXd in patients with HER3-expressing metastatic breast cancer.
CYP2A6 associates with respiratory disease risk and younger age of diagnosis: a phenome-wide association Mendelian Randomization study

Abstract CYP2A6, a genetically variable enzyme, inactivates nicotine, activates carcinogens, and metabolizes many pharmaceuticals. Variation in CYP2A6 influences smoking behaviors and tobacco-related disease risk. This phenome-wide association study examined associations between a reconstructed version of our weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) for CYP2A6 activity with diseases in the UK Biobank (N = 395 887). Causal effects of phenotypic CYP2A6 activity (measured as the nicotine metabolite ratio: 3′-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) on the phenome-wide significant (PWS) signals were then estimated in two-sample Mendelian Randomization using the wGRS as the instrument. Time-to-diagnosis age was compared between faster versus slower CYP2A6 metabolizers for the PWS signals in survival analyses. In the total sample, six PWS signals were identified: two lung cancers and four obstructive respiratory diseases PheCodes, where faster CYP2A6 activity was associated with greater disease risk (Ps < 1 × 10−6). A significant CYP2A6-by-smoking status interaction was found (Psinteraction < 0.05); in current smokers, the same six PWS signals were found as identified in the total group, whereas no PWS signals were found in former or never smokers. In the total sample and current smokers, CYP2A6 activity causal estimates on the six PWS signals were significant in Mendelian Randomization (Ps < 5 × 10−5). Additionally, faster CYP2A6 metabolizer status was associated with younger age of disease diagnosis for the six PWS signals (Ps < 5 × 10−4, in current smokers). These findings support a role for faster CYP2A6 activity as a causal risk factor for lung cancers and obstructive respiratory diseases among current smokers, and a younger onset of these diseases. This research utilized the UK Biobank Resource.
Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigraphic mapping

Coherence measures applied to 3-D seismic data volumes have proven to be an effective method for imaging geological discontinuities such as faults and stratigraphic features. By removing the seismic wavelet from the data, seismic coherence offers interpreters a different perspective, often exposing subtle features not readily apparent in the seismic data. Several formulations exist for obtaining coherence estimates. The first three generations of coherence algorithms at Amoco are based, respectively, on cross correlation, semblance, and an eigendecomposition of the data covariance matrix. Application of these three generations to data from the Gulf of Mexico indicates that the implementation of the eigenstructure approach described in this paper produces the most robust results. This paper first introduces the basic eigenstructure approach for computing coherence followed by a comparison on data from the Gulf of Mexico. Next, Appendix A develops a theoretical connection between the well-known semblance and the less well-known eigenstructure measures of coherence in terms of the eigenvalues of the data covariance matrix. Appendix B further extends the analysis by comparing the semblance- and eigenstructure-based coherence measures in the presence of additive uncorrelated noise.