Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Basic Equations for Siltation of Riverbeds

In alluvial rivers, suspended matter is deposited in the pore space of the riverbed during low and medium discharges, and at high flows the armor layer breaks up and the riverbed is flushed. During this cycle, the hydraulic conductivity decreases with time and then suddenly increases, so one can speak of a characteristic graph of siltation. In this paper, the results of a 3-year investigation at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology, and Glaciology of the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich are summarized. A wealth of long-term tests allowed the derivation of several equations concerning the siltation of riverbeds, including the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity with time, the limit of siltation, the conditions for desiltation, and the consequent increase in hydraulic conductivity. Simultaneously, the influence of the significant variables is shown. This research makes it possible to quantify the siltation process as well as the effect of specific changes in the river regime and the catchment area.
Directed functional connectivity of the sensorimotor system in young and older individuals

Introduction Studies in the sensorimotor system of older versus young individuals have shown alterations in functional connectivity and organization. Our objective was to explore the implications of these differences in terms of local organizations, and to identify processes that correlate with neuropsychological parameters. Methods Using a novel multivariate analysis method on resting-state functional MRI data obtained from 50 young and 31 older healthy individuals, we identified directed 4-node functional pathways within the sensorimotor system and examined their correlations with neuropsychological assessments. Results In young individuals, the functional pathways were unidirectional, flowing from the primary motor and sensory cortices to higher motor and visual regions. In older individuals, the functional pathways were more complex. They originated either from the calcarine sulcus or the insula and passed through mutually coupled high-order motor areas before reaching the primary sensory and motor cortices. Additionally, the pathways in older individuals that resembled those found in young individuals exhibited a positive correlation with years of education. Discussion The flow pattern of young individuals suggests efficient and fast information transfer. In contrast, the mutual coupling of high-order motor regions in older individuals suggests an inefficient and slow transfer, a less segregated and a more integrated organization. The differences in the number of sensorimotor pathways and of their directionality suggests reduced efferent degenerated pathways and increased afferent compensated pathways. Furthermore, the positive effect of years of education may be associated with the Cognitive Reserve Hypothesis, implying that cognitive reserve could be maintained through specific information transfer pathways.
Synchronizability and Synchronization Rate of AC Microgrids: A Topological Perspective

When various distributed generation (DG) technologies are integrated into an islanded AC microgrid (MG), the system's heterogeneous characteristics make synchronizing all units within the network more challenging. From the perspective of complex networks, the capability of an islanded MG to achieve synchronization is closely associated with its physical topology. Consequently, a pressing need exists for a theoretical analysis of the network topology's influence on synchronizability in AC MGs. In this article, we first develop a concise criterion for the synchronization condition of AC MGs and then introduce the definition of the synchronizability index, which measures the robustness of synchronization against disturbances such as voltage sags, sudden load changes, and component failures. Subsequently, we investigate the topology effect on synchronizability in islanded AC MGs for cases involving additional new connections or a unit node. Moreover, we provide an explicit expression of the general algorithm for computing the synchronization rate associated with topology parameters, such as the incidence matrix, weight matrix, and algebraic connectivity, among others, in the MG. The condition for the maximum synchronization rate is also explored. Finally, the accuracy of the theoretical results is validated through several test systems.
Pacing Strategies Differ by Sex and Rank in 2020 CrossFit® Open Tests

This retrospective study collected video recordings of a random selection of eighty men and women (n = 160) completing all five tests of the 2020 CrossFit® Open. All competitors were ranked within the top 10,000 overall but were sub-divided based on whether they ranked within the top 10% of their respective divisions. To examine the effect of sex and rank on pacing strategy, video analysis quantified the overall repetition completion rate on each test, as well as per minute (or round) repetition completion rates for each test’s individual exercises, quantity of failed repetitions, break times, and transition times. All per minute (or round) data were aggregated into first- and last-half or total test average, slopes, and coefficient of variation. Sex and rank analyses of variance were performed on averages, slopes, and coefficients of variation for each variable calculated over the first and last halves of each test, except test 5 (total only). The top 10% of men were 17.5% faster (p < 0.001) than everyone else in tests 1, 3, and 5. The top 10% of women and remaining men were ~9.5% faster than remaining women in tests 1 and 3. In test 5, the remaining men were faster than top 10% of women (~11.2%, p < 0.001), and both were faster than the remaining women. In tests 2 and 4, the top 10% of athletes were 9.7% faster (p < 0.001) than remaining athletes, and at the same time, men were 7.7% faster (p < 0.001) than women. Analysis of each test’s components revealed the top 10% of competitors to be faster and more consistent in most areas, while men were generally faster than women in gymnastics components and more consistent with their pace for resistance training exercises. These data provide insight into the differential factors linked to success in the men’s and women’s CFO divisions.
Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago

The Environmental Background: Present and Past. Homo erectus in Sundaland. Indo-Malaysians of the Last 40000 Years. Recent Indo-Malaysian Prehistory: According to the Languages. The Patterns of History and Ethnography. The Hoabinhians and their Island Contemporaries. The Archaeological Record of Early Austronesian Communities. The Late Neolithic Phase in Island South-East Asia. The Early Metal Phase: A Protohistoric Transition towards Supra-tribal Societies. A Final Overview. Appendix. References. Index.
Mucin Glycans: A Target for Cancer Therapy

Mucin glycans are an important component of the mucus barrier and a vital defence against physical and chemical damage as well as pathogens. There are 20 mucins in the human body, which can be classified into secreted mucins and transmembrane mucins according to their distributions. The major difference between them is that secreted mucins do not have transmembrane structural domains, and the expression of each mucin is organ and cell-specific. Under physiological conditions, mucin glycans are involved in the composition of the mucus barrier and thus protect the body from infection and injury. However, abnormal expression of mucin glycans can lead to the occurrence of diseases, especially cancer, through various mechanisms. Therefore, targeting mucin glycans for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has always been a promising research direction. Here, we first summarize the main types of glycosylation (O-GalNAc glycosylation and N-glycosylation) on mucins and the mechanisms by which abnormal mucin glycans occur. Next, how abnormal mucin glycans contribute to cancer development is described. Finally, we summarize MUC1-based antibodies, vaccines, radio-pharmaceuticals, and CAR-T therapies using the best characterized MUC1 as an example. In this section, we specifically elaborate on the recent new cancer therapy CAR-M, which may bring new hope to cancer patients.
Time and the Deep Determinants: Tortoise or Hare?

We show how to recover observed upper bounds on the contribution to long-run average annualized growth rates attributable to the so-called deep determinants of growth-geography, institutions, culture, and genetic proximity-from a literature that has focused empirically on levels of income. Our analysis shows that each deep determinant has a small impact on long run average growth rates, except for institutions which have a non-negligible upper bound. Our analysis also raises critical issues that have not received sufficient attention in the literature: the time-horizons over which the deep-determinants act and the triggering events that set in them in motion. Taken together, our paper emphasizes that time is essential for the deep determinants to have a meaningful impact on development.
Dynamic adaptive underwater laser communication acquisition pointing and tracking system

The rapid establishment and stable maintenance of blue-green laser communication links are the conditions for the application of underwater long-distance laser communication. In the case of platform disturbance and random disturbance of seawater channels, the dynamic adaptive Acquisition Pointing and Tracking (APT) system ensures high-precision and fast alignment of laser communication links. Aiming at the problem of communication interruption caused by the interference in underwater laser communication links, combined with the characteristics of an adjustable liquid crystal optical attenuator and photoelectric tracking system, a dynamic adaptive underwater laser communication APT control system is designed and developed in this essay. The experimental results show that the blue-green laser communication system realizes the full-duplex communication function and has engineering significance.
Cooperative Localization for UAV Systems From the Perspective of Physical Clock Synchronization

The positioning accuracy determines the scope of the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In view of the existing UAV cooperative localization methods that normally require prior information and the assistance of external systems, such as the global positioning system (GPS), this study aims to adopt range radios to measure the time-of-arrival (TOA) information among UAVs and then perform clock synchronization and cooperative localization based on ranging measurements. We propose a framework to jointly estimate the clock error and relative distance, adjust the onboard clock, and perform relative positioning. To achieve autonomous clock synchronization and ranging, a practical approach based on peer-to-peer pseudorange measurements is proposed in this study. We modeled the synchronous two-way ranging (STWR) process using a discretetime state-space model, according to which a linear parameter estimation method and clock steering method are presented. Finally, a closed loop consisting of STWR, parameter estimation, and clock tuning is constructed to improve the ranging accuracy, which leads to improved localization accuracy. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods and can achieve sub-nanosecond-level time synchronization and meter-level cooperative localization.
Study on the possibilities of effective use of basalt

This article presents research on the possibilities of creating value-added unconventional materials, functional fabrics and products from local basalt and basalt roving. Basalt fiber, i.e. roving, is used to make knitwear and heat-insulating cord. The thermal insulation cord was tested in the "SNOL 15/1200" electric furnace in the laboratory of the "Mega invest industrial" LLC joint enterprise and its durability up to +980ºС was determined.
Clinicopathological pattern of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 over-expression of epithelial ovarian carcinomas in Nigeria

Background Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from all gynaecological malignancies. Only few biomarkers of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) prognosis have been studied so far among Nigerian patients. Objective To determine the pattern of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) expression in patients with EOC seen in Nigeria Materials and Methods This was a retrospective multicentre study of 102 cases of epithelial ovarian cancers. Relevant clinical information was obtained from hospital-based records in the 3 participating centres. Tissue microarrays were constructed using representative tumour tissue and the ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining was carried out at the University of Chicago, United States of America. Results Serous carcinomas predominated (71% of cases). ER positivity was observed in 31.4%, PR positivity in 21.5% and HER2/neu in 16.7% of tumours. Fifty-two percent of tumours were triple negative. Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER positivity (p=0.001). Mean patient age for EOC was 52.6 ± 13.1 years. There were no statistically significant associations between hormone receptor status and histological grade, FIGO staging or survival. Conclusion Serous tumours were significantly associated with ER expression while non-serous tumours tended to be triple negative.
Localización mediante SIG de zonas potencialmente truferas en la provincia de León

La trufa negra (Tuber melanosporum) es un hongo que forma una asociacion mutualista con determinadas especies hospedadoras que determina beneficios para ambos, disponibilizando carbohidratos para el hongo y mejorando la nutricion del hospedador mediante un aumento en la absorcion de elementos quimicos del suelo. La aptitud del terreno para la produccion trufera viene determinada por sus condiciones geologicas, edafologicas (textura y composicion quimica), climaticas (precipitacion y temperatura), geograficas (altitud y orientacion), y bioticas (vegetacion y organismos competidores). Se ha generado un modelo que incluye todas estas variables y se ha implementado un Sistema de Informacion Geografica que ha permitido zonificar el territorio de la provincia de Leon con el fin de determinar posibles zonas truferas. The black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) is the carpophore of a mushroom living associated with some forestry species in amutuality relationship inwhich both partners has important benefits. The truffle obtains carbohydrates (photosyntates) from the plant,which has a best nutrition by increasing the mineral nutrition and implemented the water relations. The vocation of a place to allow the development of the black truffle depends of geologic, edaphologic (texture and chemical composition), climatic (precipitation and temperature), geographic (altitude and exposition), and biotic (vegetation and competitive organisms) features. According that and, using related available information, a model implemented with a Geographic Information System(GIS) was generated, allowing us the zonification of the Leon province to simplify the location of potential truffle zones.
Rapid quantitative analysis based on Lorentzian fitting of hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging data

Current Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hsSRS) data analysis methods face challenges when it comes to rapidly and reliably quantifying different lipid subtypes, and cannot fully leverage the information in hsSRS data. Here, we present a rapid and reliable quantitative algorithm for quantitative analysis that fully extracts chemical information by using adaptive selection of Lorentzian basis functions to fit the spectra in hsSRS data in bulk. We demonstrated that, by utilizing the ratio relationships between fitted bands, quantitative comparisons of specific lipid subtypes can be achieved. Moreover, we applied our method for the quantitative analysis of lipid composition in lipid droplets based on hsSRS data of liver cancer tissues and confirmed our method has a better fitting effect and a faster solving speed compared to MCR. This suggests that our method has the potential for great utility in the quantitative analysis of hsSRS imaging data for biomedical specimens.
A climate model with cryodynamics and geodynamics

We present a highly simplified, zero-dimensional model of the climatic system. The model attempts to incorporate mechanisms important on the time scale of glaciation cycles, namely, 104–105 years. In particular, the radiation balance of the ocean-atmosphere, the plastic flow of continental ice sheets, and the viscous flow of the upper mantle are taken into account. The stress is on the interaction between the cryosphere (ice sheets) and the asthenosphere (upper mantle), which had not been taken into account in previous energy-balance or ice-sheet models of climate (Weertman, 1976; Kallen et al., 1979). The model exhibits free, self-sustained oscillations of an amplitude and period comparable to those found in the paleoclimatic record of glaciations, viz., O(10 deg K) and O(104 years), respectively. Such oscillations had already been found in the simpler model of Kallen et al. (1978, 1979). The fact that nonlinear, self-sustained oscillations also obtain for the present, slightly more complex model is interesting: it offers mild support to the idea that unforced oscillations can actually exist in the real climatic system itself. These oscillations are characterized by a quarter-phase lag between ice extent and global temperature. Given that the climatic system is a nonlinear oscillator with a period of O(104 years), it is expected that astronomical forcing at 19,000, 23,000 and 41,000 years will lead to subharmonic oscillations with a period close to 100,000 years, the dominant period of glaciation cycles. Such effects have already been noticed in the work of Birchfield and Weertman (1978) with an even simpler model, including only glacial dynamics. The careful study of the interplay between internal mechanisms and external forcing with comparable time scales represents an interesting challenge to the theory of ice ages. The results of such theoretical studies can also provide guidance for observational work. In particular, periodicities of O(104 years) in the climate record and phase lags between ice volume and temperature appear to be supported by the most recent paleogeochemical investigations (Ruddiman and Mclntyre, 1981).
The Oceanic Response to Large-Scale Atmospheric Disturbances

Abstract This paper is an analytical and numerical study of the response of the ocean to the fluctuating component of the wind stress as computed from twice-daily weather maps for the period 1973 to 1976. The results are described in terms of (time) mean and rms fields, frequency spectra and horizontal cross spectra, and local cross spectra between oceanic and atmospheric variables. A forcing function with scales strictly larger than O(100 km) induces oceanic motion that is depth independent at periods between the inertial period and ∼300 days. The dynamics is essentially linear so that rectified currents are small, the associated rectified transport amounts to at most 1–2 Sv in the western boundary layer. Root-mean-square currents are typically a few centimeters per second and are most intense in the western part of the basin, and near major topographic features. Fluctuations in the transport of the western boundary layer can be as large as 20–30 Sv. Three distinct frequency bands characterize the wind-i.
Learner-Centered Experience-Based Medical Education in an AI-Driven Society: A Literature Review

This review proposes and explores the significance of "experience-based medical education" (EXPBME) in the context of an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven society. The rapid advancements in AI, particularly driven by deep learning, have revolutionized medical practices by replicating human cognitive functions, such as image analysis and data interpretation, significantly enhancing efficiency and precision across medical settings. The integration of AI into healthcare presents substantial potential, ranging from precise diagnostics to streamlined data management. However, non-technical skills, such as situational awareness on recognizing AI's fallibility or inherent risks, are critical for future healthcare professionals. EXPBME in a clinical or simulation environment plays a vital role, allowing medical practitioners to navigate AI failures through sufficient reflections. As AI continues to evolve, aligning educational frameworks to nurture these fundamental non-technical skills is paramount to adequately prepare healthcare professionals. Learner-centered EXPBME, combined with the AI literacy acquirement, stands as a key pillar in shaping the future of medical education.
Nuclear Import and Export of YAP and TAZ

Simple Summary YAP and TAZ are transcriptional activators, which play critical roles in the regulation of cell/organ growth and regeneration. Accordingly, they are important mediators and modulators of cancer formation and spread, impacting a wide range of processes from cancer stem cell differentiation through the control of proliferation, phenotype determination, and migration, till the induction of antitumor drug resistance. These widespread activities are due to their profound effect on gene expression. Importantly, to exert these physiological and pathological functions, they must enter the nucleus, while for the termination of their transcriptional effects, they must exit. However, the critical structural requirements (nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal) as well as their passageway(s) and mechanism(s) for crossing the nuclear pore are only beginning to emerge. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the nuclear traffic of YAP and TAZ, a fundamental, novel, and potentially exploitable aspect of their biology. Abstract Yes-associated Protein (YAP) and its paralog Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ) are major regulators of gene transcription/expression, primarily controlled by the Hippo pathway and the cytoskeleton. Integrating an array of chemical and mechanical signals, they impact growth, differentiation, and regeneration. Accordingly, they also play key roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis formation. Their activity is primarily regulated by their localization, that is, Hippo pathway- and/or cytoskeleton-controlled cytosolic or nuclear sequestration. While many details of such prevailing retention models have been elucidated, much less is known about their actual nuclear traffic: import and export. Although their size is not far from the cutoff for passive diffusion through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), and they do not contain any classic nuclear localization (NLS) or nuclear export signal (NES), evidence has been accumulating that their shuttling involves mediated and thus regulatable/targetable processes. The aim of this review is to summarize emerging information/concepts about their nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, encompassing the relevant structural requirements (NLS, NES), nuclear transport receptors (NTRs, karyophererins), and NPC components, along with the potential transport mechanisms and their regulation. While dissecting retention vs. transport is often challenging, the emerging picture suggests that YAP/TAZ shuttles across the NPC via multiple, non-exclusive, mediated mechanisms, constituting a novel and intriguing facet of YAP/TAZ biology.