Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trench migration and slab buckling control the formation of the Central Andes

The formation of the Central Andes dates back to ~50 Ma, but its most pronounced phase, including the growth of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau and pulsatile tectonic shortening phases, occurred within the last 25 Ma. The reason for this evolution remains unexplained. Using geodynamic numerical modeling we infer that the primary cause of the pulses of tectonic shortening and growth of Central Andes is the changing geometry of the subducted Nazca plate, and particularly the steepening of the mid-mantle slab segment which results in a slowing down of the trench retreat and subsequent shortening of the advancing South America plate. This steepening first happens after the end of the flat slab episode at ~25 Ma, and later during the buckling and stagnation of the slab in the mantle transition zone. The Intensity of the shortening events is enhanced by the processes that mechanically weaken the lithosphere of the South America plate, which were suggested in previous studies. These processes include delamination of the mantle lithosphere and weakening of the foreland sediments. Our new modeling results are consistent with the timing and amplitude of the deformation from geological data in the Central Andes at the Altiplano latitude.
A Model for Understanding and Changing the Practice of Leadership in Ukraine

The practice of leadership dates to humankind’s earliest history. However, the study of leadership is a much more recent phenomenon. Leadership is understood and practiced differently from culture to culture, though much academic research has been rooted in Western thought. Leadership exists in every facet of our lives because the societies around us significantly shape our very existence. Groups of people exist because, for most tasks and functions, groups can outcompete individuals. The very nature of groups is that they function best with one or more who serve as leaders while others serve as followers. As a result, the study of leadership facilitates a better understanding of the interpersonal dynamics between leaders and followers. In its simplest form, leadership may be understood as one individual influencing another, especially to work together to accomplish some common goal. The Analytical Center for Leadership Research and Development (ACLRD) has devoted the past several years to studying leadership theory and practice in Ukraine. This white paper summarizes that research, its purpose, methodology, and findings in providing the reader with analysis and insights into how leadership in Ukraine is perceived and practiced. In addition, this white paper proposes specific recommendations and the implementation of a research-based ACLRD Leader Model distinctly unique to Ukrainian culture and practices. Ultimately, this paper serves as a call for changes in the practice of leadership that hold great potential for benefiting Ukrainian organizations of all kinds as well as society at large.
Cabinet Decision-making and Concentration of Power. A study of the Norwegian executive centre

Centralisation of authority and concentration of decision-making power in cabinets are wellstudied topics in political science literature. This dissertation deals with how and why such changes appear in a country that traditionally has been characterised by collegiality and consensus in the executive centre. The introductory part first presents the presidentialisation thesis as a theoretical point of departure, and elaborates concrete expectations regarding the Norwegian case based on supplementary literature. The decision-making system in Norway is then presented. The methods and data used to investigate changes in the executive centre in Norway are presented and discussed. The introductory part provides a short summary of the findings from the four empirical articles. Finally, the implications of the findings are discussed and future research is briefly suggested. Acknowledgements: A draft version of this introductory part was presented at a seminar at the Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, April 2013. I would like to thank Øivind Bratberg, Tom Christensen, Dag Ingvar Jacobsen, Anders Jupskås, and Rune Karlsen for valuable comments.
Polyphenolics with Strong Antioxidant Activity from Acacia nilotica Ameliorate Some Biochemical Signs of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Mice

Neurotoxicity is a serious health problem of patients chronically exposed to arsenic. There is no specific treatment of this problem. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathological process of neurotoxicity. Polyphenolics have proven antioxidant activity, thereby offering protection against oxidative stress. In this study, we have isolated the polyphenolics from Acacia nilotica and investigated its effect against arsenic-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in mice. Acacia nilotica polyphenolics prepared from column chromatography of the crude methanol extract using diaion resin contained a phenolic content of 452.185 ± 7.879 mg gallic acid equivalent/gm of sample and flavonoid content of 200.075 ± 0.755 mg catechin equivalent/gm of sample. The polyphenolics exhibited potent antioxidant activity with respect to free radical scavenging ability, total antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Administration of arsenic in mice showed a reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain which was counteracted by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Similarly, elevation of lipid peroxidation and depletion of glutathione in the brain of mice was effectively restored to normal level by Acacia nilotica polyphenolics. Gallic acid methyl ester, catechin and catechin-7-gallate were identified in the polyphenolics as the major active compounds. These results suggest that Acacia nilotica polyphenolics due to its strong antioxidant potential might be effective in the management of arsenic induced neurotoxicity.
Psychometric properties of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (KKaPsy)

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to prepare and design a Polish version of the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. The psychometric tool allows synthetic assessment of four personal resources known to play a significant role in effective functioning, viz. self-efficacy, hope, optimism and resilience. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were developed in two studies, the first one involving 308 people (166 women and 142 men) and the second involving 206 people (111 women and 95 men). RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the tool has a four-component structure with an overall score. It is characterized by satisfactory internal consistency (α = .73-.86), stability (rtt = .85-.92) and construct validity. CONCLUSIONS The Psychological Capital Questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool that can be used in research and in practice.
Hybrid Approach of EEG Stress Level Classification Using K-Means Clustering and Support Vector Machine

Support vector machine (SVM) algorithms are prevalent in classifying electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for the detection of mental stress at various levels. This study aimed to reduce the subjective bias in form of human stress reactivity, by employing clustering methods to pre-label stress levels according to the inherent homogeneity and, perform SVM to classify the stress level. Brainwave signals at the prefrontal cortex (Fp1 and Fp2) from 50 participants were captured related to the stress induced by the virtual reality (VR) horror video and intelligence quotient (IQ) test. The power spectral density (PSD) values of Theta, Alpha, and Beta frequency bands were extracted, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were reported to show a significant difference in the absolute power between resting baseline and post-stimuli. The extracted features were further clustered into three groups of stress level. The labelled data based on k-means clustering method were fed into SVM to classify the stress levels. The performance of SVM classifier was validated by 10-fold cross validation method and the result affirmed the highest performance of 98% accuracy by using only the feature of Beta-band absolute power at right (Fp2) prefrontal region on account of the significant changes of Beta activity during pre- and post-stimuli. In essence, stress pattern has been found in the brain activity of Beta frequency band within right prefrontal cortex which has been shown to be significantly more active under stimuli. The hybrid approach of classification using k-means clustering and SVM has been proven to be an effective method in lieu of pre-labelling the stress level to reduce individual differences in stress response, and in turn to improve the reliability and detection rate of mental stress.
Interplay between Inflammation and Pathological Bone Resorption: Insights into Recent Mechanisms and Pathways in Related Diseases for Future Perspectives

Bone is a mineralized and elastic connective tissue that provides fundamental functions in the human body, including mechanical support to the muscles and joints, protection of vital organs and storage of minerals. Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling processes to maintain its architecture, shape, and function throughout life. One of the most important medical discoveries of recent decades has been that the immune system is involved in bone remodeling. Indeed, chronic inflammation has been recognized as the most significant factor influencing bone homeostasis, causing a shift in the bone remodeling process toward pathological bone resorption. Bone osteolytic diseases typified by excessive bone resorption account for one of the greatest causes of disability worldwide, with significant economic and public health burdens. From this perspective, we discuss the recent findings and discoveries highlighting the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this process in the bone microenvironment, in addition to the current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.
Possibility of Raising the Frequency of RF Limiters Using the Nonlinear Spin Wave–Electromagnetic Interaction in Ferrites With High Saturation Magnetization

Physics of the spin wave–electromagnetic (EM) interaction is investigated for RF limiter applications, by looking at the magnetization <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and its deviation <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta M$ </tex-math></inline-formula> through equations of motion. Exchange effects are examined, and a complete magnetodynamics equation is developed and looked at for both the fundamental- and second-harmonic frequencies. Nonlinear conversion of energy occurs between the first and second harmonics. It is shown here that the usual operating frequencies for RF limiters, in the range of 1.5–15-GHz frequencies, can be lifted up into the much higher frequencies of the 40–60-GHz range by a new formula developed from fundamental spin wave–EM interactions in magnetic material characterized by a magnetization <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$M$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The treatment is self-contained in which all of the information needed to understand the magnetics aspect for RF applications is provided.
Evaluation of MODIS-Landsat and AVHRR-Landsat NDVI data fusion using a single pair base reference image: a case study in a tropical upstream catchment on Java, Indonesia

ABSTRACT Image blending is one of the alternative methods to fill temporal gaps in the monitoring of historical vegetation properties using continuous NDVI derived from Landsat 5 TM / 7 ETM+ and 8 OLI images. Frequent cloud occurrence in the tropical upstream catchment limits the use of image blending methods that allow to employment of a single pair base reference. This study aims to evaluate two image blending methods with nine input data configurations to select the most applicable one. Scatter plots and statistical indices such as ME, RMSE, model efficiency and structure similarity showed FSDAF outperforms STARFM in generating both synthetic Landsat 8 OLI NDVI and Landsat 5 TM / 7 ETM+ NDVI when employing unsupervised and supervised classification images, respectively, where both were applied along with MODIS NDVI 250 m v.005. When generating synthetic Landsat 5 TM / 7 ETM+ NDVI using AVHRR NDVI, both algorithms performed similarly. However, when considering the temporal over spatial variance ratio between base reference and predictor images, both algorithms performed almost similar when the value close to minimum. This study shows that selection of image blending algorithm with use single pair base reference image should consider input data configuration and temporal over spatial variance ratio.
NAC Transcription Factor Family Regulation of Fruit Ripening and Quality: A Review

The NAC transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest plant-specific TF families and its members are involved in the regulation of many vital biological processes during plant growth and development. Recent studies have found that NAC TFs play important roles during the ripening of fleshy fruits and the development of quality attributes. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of the function of NAC TFs in different fruits and their involvement in the biosynthesis and signal transduction of plant hormones, fruit textural changes, color transformation, accumulation of flavor compounds, seed development and fruit senescence. We discuss the theoretical basis and potential regulatory models for NAC TFs action and provide a comprehensive view of their multiple roles in modulating different aspects of fruit ripening and quality.
Multi-thermals and high concentrations of secondary ice: a modelling study of convective clouds during the Ice in Clouds Experiment – Dust (ICE-D) campaign

Abstract. This paper examines the mechanisms responsible for the production of ice in convective clouds influenced by mineral dust. Observations were made in the Ice in Clouds Experiment – Dust (ICE-D) field campaign which took place in the vicinity of Cape Verde during August 2015. Measurements made with instruments on the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) aircraft through the clouds on 21 August showed that ice particles were observed in high concentrations at temperatures greater than about −8 ∘C. Sensitivity studies were performed using existing parameterization schemes in a cloud model to explore the impact of the freezing onset temperature, the efficiency of freezing, mineral dust as efficient ice nuclei, and multi-thermals on secondary ice production by the rime-splintering process. The simulation with the default Morrison microphysics scheme (Morrison et al., 2005) that involved a single thermal produced a concentration of secondary ice that was much lower than the observed value of total ice number concentration. Relaxing the onset temperature to a higher value, enhancing the freezing efficiency, or combinations of these increased the secondary ice particle concentration but not by a sufficient amount. Simulations that involved only dust particles as ice-nucleating particles produced a lower concentration of secondary ice particles, since the freezing onset temperature is low. The simulations implicate that a higher concentration of ice-nucleating particles with a higher freezing onset temperature may explain some of the observed high concentrations of secondary ice. However, a simulation with two thermals that used the original Morrison scheme without enhancement of the freezing efficiency or relaxation of the onset temperature produced the greatest concentration of secondary ice particles. It did so because of the increased time that graupel particles were exposed to significant cloud liquid water in the Hallett–Mossop temperature zone. The forward-facing camera and measurements of the vertical wind in repeated passes of the same cloud suggested that these tropical clouds contained multiple thermals. It is possible of course that several mechanisms, some of them only recently discovered, may be responsible for producing the ice particles in clouds. This study highlights the fact that the dynamics of the clouds likely play an important role in producing high concentrations of secondary ice particles in clouds.
Experiments and Evaluation of Body Pressure Distribution in Automobile Man-Machine Interface

According to the theory of human physiology,anatomy and biomechanics,the anatomi- cal structure at buttocks and thigh area is analyzed to propose a general criteria on the comforta- ble body pressure distribution in man-machine interface.The experiments for body pressure dis- tribution in driving environments and subjective evaluation are performed on a specially designed test stand.The experimental results from subjective assessment on four kinds of seat cushion in- dicate that the chair seat is an important factor affecting seating comfort,different chair seats are endowed with the corresponding seating comfort.The experimental results from objective assess- ment indicate that the presented criteria for the body pressure distribution in man-machine inter- face is sufficiently accurate to evaluate the seating comfort in man-machine interface.The distrib- uted test system enables to survey and protract the body pressure distribution curve of different seat cushion effectively.
Research on the Optimization Method of Railway Parcel Express Trains Plan

Based on comparison with freight train formation plan and passenger train plan,this paper analyzes the characteristic of railway parcel express trains plan.Considering the orientation of railway parcel express train,the cyclic use of wagon and the fluctuation of demand,this paper has discussed the optimization method of railway parcel express trains plan without fixed demand,capacity constraint and fixed formation.By analyzing the relations among freight flow,wagon flow and train flow,on the basis of candidate path of train,the paper has built an ILP model aiming to maximize the profit and considering the trains running in pairs.With application of the model,reasonable section,number and formation of railway express trains plan can be gotten.
Research on proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) has an extensive application respective in EV, portable electronic device, stationary power plant and special power with the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and quick startup at ambient temperature. The technology and mechanism of PEMFC was researched, and its structure defects were analyzed. It is concluded that to research novel catalysts with high activity and excellent stability is very important for the future fuel cell.
Characteristics and Spectrum of Cardiotoxicity Induced by Various Antipsychotics: A Real-World Study From 2015 to 2020 Based on FAERS

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and spectrum of cardiotoxicity induced by various antipsychotics based on the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Methods: Data of the FAERS database from the first quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2020 were downloaded for disproportionality analysis. The significant signal was evaluated by reporting odds ratios and information components with statistical shrinkage transformation. Results: A total of 2,361,487 records were extracted for disproportionality analysis. Among the 10 antipsychotics, clozapine and amisulpride performed strong cardiotoxicity. Cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmia, and Torsade de pointes/QT prolongation were the common cardiac adverse event induced by antipsychotics. Different characteristics of the spectrum of cardiotoxicity in various APs were discovered after further data mining. Moreover, evidence of the association between antipsychotics and eosinophilic myocarditis, peripartum cardiomyopathy was provided in this study. Conclusion: Antipsychotics presented cardiotoxicity in different degrees, and more cardiac examinations should be monitored in patients with antipsychotics.
Conversations With Individuals With ASD: Effect of Relationship, Contact Regularity, and Age on Partner Perceptions

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may have difficulties with pragmatic behaviors in conversation such as staying on topic, taking the perspective of others, and repairing misunderstandings. Many social skill interventions teach conversation skills to assist the development of friendships and avoid social isolation, but few studies have examined whether conversation partners find the reported pragmatic behaviors problematic. We examined the effect of relationship type, regularity of contact, and age of the person with ASD on conversation partner perceptions. For problem scores, multiple regressions indicated an effect for relationship type such that friends tended to report lower problem scores than siblings/other relatives, parents, or life partners. Difficulties understanding humor was reported to be more problematic by friends, whereas for life partners it was the failure to keep conversations going and inappropriate terminations. Further research is needed to confirm and extend these results to better inform interventions into social communication.
Hybrid sol-gel-derived method for the synthesis of silicon rubber composites with hBN for characteristic applications in elastomeric thermal pads

The thermal conductivity of silicone rubber is very low and does not meet the required thermal conductive applications, so inorganic fillers are added to increase heat transfer which ultimately improves the thermally conductive path. In this study, silicone rubber/hexagonal boron nitride composite was synthesized by the hydrolysis-polycondensation method to enhance the thermal conductivity of the material while retaining acceptable flexibility properties. The introduction of MQ resin reduced crosslink density, thermal stability, tensile strength, and hardness of the silicone resin composite and improved elongation. The addition of vinyl-based MQT and aluminum-based MQT resins improved the properties of the silicone rubber, while the addition of vinyl-based MQT resin reduced the crosslink density, tensile strength and hardness, and improved its elongation and thermal stability properties. While aluminum-based MQT resin did not have a significant effect on crosslink density, tensile strength, or hardness, it also improved elongation and reduced thermal stability. The high filler concentration of hexagonal boron nitride in the composite enhanced thermal conductivity up to 3.253 Wm−1 K−1, while it reduced tensile strength to 1.248 MPa and elongation to 22% but increased hardness up to 75 shore A. The addition of silicone resin improved the thermal conductivity of all MQ, vinyl-based MQT3 and aluminum-based MQT3 resin composites up to 3.661, 3.962 and 4.817 Wm−1 K−1, respectively. For the same three resins, tensile strength was increased up to 1.274, 1.290, and 1.312 MPa, elongation at break was raised to 125%, 188%, and 150%, and hardness was reduced to 69, 71, and 72 shore A, respectively. The addition of silicone resin also showed an effect on density, volatile content, flame resistance, and volume resistivity.
RESEARCH ON SAND PRODUCTION MECHANISM AT HOME AND ABROAD

The problem of sand production in oil and gas well is very popular.Sand production can shorten the life of oil and gas well,wear out the downhole tools and equipments,block or bury well bore,reduce the productivity of the oil and gas well,and eventually make the well useless.Therefore,the research of the sand production mechanism is important for sand control in oil and gas well.The paper presents the research status quo of sand production mechanism at home and abroad and obtains a new recognition for sand production.It is propitious to sand control.