Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electron transporting water-gated thin film transistors

We demonstrate an electron-transporting water-gated thin film transistor, using thermally converted precursor-route zinc-oxide (ZnO) intrinsic semiconductors with hexamethyldisilazene (HMDS) hydrophobic surface modification. Water gated HMDS-ZnO thin film transistors (TFT) display low threshold and high electron mobility. ZnO films constitute an attractive alternative to organic semiconductors for TFT transducers in sensor applications for waterborne analytes. Despite the use of an electrolyte as gate medium, the gate geometry (shape of gate electrode and distance between gate electrode and TFT channel) is relevant for optimum performance of water-gated TFTs.
SPECTROSCOPY OF SIX WOLF-RAYET STARS : THE LATEST AND FAINTEST.

In the case of a few of the Wolf-Rayet stars cataloged by van der Hucht et al. (1981), certain information concerning spectral subtypes and photometry is missing. These stars are primarily the faintest and most heavily reddened of the known galactic WR stars. The stars investigated in connection with the present investigation include WR 105, WR 112, WR 118, WR 122, WR 126, and WR 149. The data were obtained with a 4-m telescope and an intensified image dissector scanner during four nights in September 1982. One of these objects, the WR 118 appears to be the lowest excitation WC star ever observed, while WR 122 is the lowest excitation WN star yet seen.
A refocusing modified velocity map imaging electron/ion spectrometer adapted to synchrotron radiation studies

We present a modified velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer to be used in angle-resolved molecular photoionization studies in the gas phase with synchrotron radiation (SR) in the VUV/soft x-ray range. The main modifications as compared to the original design of Eppink and Parker [A. T. J. B. Eppink and D. H. Parker, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 3477 (1997)] are an open repeller which allows the VMI spectrometer to be coupled to an independent dispersive electrostatic analyzer for combined operation in coincidence mode experiments, and the introduction of a coupled double Einzel lens in the flight tube in order to collect the full 4π solid angle for higher kinetic energy particles. The length and position of the lenses have been optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the maximum kinetic energy possible without compromising the energy resolution. Ray-tracing simulations and SR experiments show that the lenses can increase the kinetic energy bandwidth by a factor of up to 2.5. Furthermore, a remarkable impro.
Low dark current GaAlAsSb photodiodes

GaAlAsSb heterostructure low leakage photodiodes have been fabricated. These devices exhibit leakage currents of 7 to 9 nA (25–35 μA/cm2) and capacitances of approximately 1 pF at 20‐V reverse bias. The devices are planar Be‐implanted structures and have a net donor concentration of 2×1015 cm−3 in Ga1−xAlxAsSb (x∼0.15).
Self-consistent pseudopotential calculation of the bulk properties of Mo and W

The bulk properties of Mo and W are calculated using the recently developed momentum-space approach for calculating total energy via a nonlocal pseudopotential. This approach avoids any shape approximation to the variational charge density (e.g., muffin tins), is fully self-consistent, and replaces the multidimensional and multicenter integrals akin to real-space representations by simple and readily convergent reciprocal-space lattice sums. We use first-principles atomic pseudopotentials which have been previously demonstrated to yield band structures and charge densities for both semiconductors and transition metals in good agreement with experiment and all-electron calculations. Using a mixed-basis representation for the crystalline wave function, we are able to accurately reproduce both the localized and itinerant features of the electronic states in these systems. These first-principles pseudopotentials, together with the self-consistent density-functional representation for both the exchange and the correlation screening, yields agreement with experiment of 0.2% in the lattice parameters, 2% and 11% for the binding energies of Mo and W, respectively, and 12% and 7% for the bulk moduli of Mo and W, respectively.
On the Non - Existence of Perfect Codes with Rank Distance

Theory of codes with rank distance was introduced in 1985, which can be applied to crisscross error correction and also used to build some cryptographical schemes. We know that the existence of perfect codes is an interesting topic in coding theory; as a new type of codes, we consider the existence of the perfect rank distance codes and prove that there are no non-trivial perfect codes with rank metric.
An automatic extraction system for screen-shot documents based on deep learning

The use of mobile phone cameras to capture and save reports shared on the screen at the meeting has become a major way for researchers to obtain information. However, a large number of screen-shot images obtained in this way have a lot of redundant information, and it takes a lot of time and energy to organize and save them later, therefore, it has become a realistic requirement to develop a software tool that can quickly extract the subject content of screen-shot images and realize automatic batch segmentation and compression storage. We use the self-made screen-shot image dataset SSD (Screen-Shot Document Dataset) composed of more than 1000 images for training, based on the improved U2 -Net network model to achieve automatic segmentation of screen-shot image subject area, combined with OTSU binarization, Canny edge detection and Hough Transform to extract the quadrilateral boundary of the subject area, and implement an Android-based screen-shot document automatic extraction system. The system can be used to automatically extract and save screen-shot document to PDF format in real time or at a later stage, significantly improving the efficiency of information collection and storage for researchers, reducing the financial and time loss caused by researchers not being able to find backups when they need information and discuss key content for meetings, and saving storage space on mobile phones.
Factors related to Japanese internal medicine doctors’ retention or migration to rural areas: a nationwide retrospective cohort study

Background Internal medicine (IM) doctors in Japan play the role of primary care physicians; however, the shortage of rural physicians continues. This study aims to elucidate the association of age, sex, board certification, type of work, and main clinical work with the retention or migration of IM doctors to rural areas. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 82,363 IM doctors in 2010, extracted from the national census data of medical doctors. The explanatory variables were age, sex, type of work, primary clinical work, and changes in board certification status. The outcome was retention or migration to rural areas. The first tertile of population density (PD) of municipalities defined as rural area. After stratifying the baseline ruralities as rural or non-rural areas, the odds ratios (ORs) of the explanatory variables were calculated using generalized estimation equations. The analyses were also performed after age stratification (<39, 40–59, ≥60 years old). Results Among the rural areas, women had a significantly higher OR for retention, but obtaining board certification of IM subspecialties had a significantly lower OR. Among the non-rural areas, physicians who answered that their main work was IM without specific subspecialty and general had a significantly higher OR, but obtaining and maintaining board certification for IM subspecialties had a significantly lower OR for migration to rural areas. After age stratification, the higher OR of women for rural retention was significant only among those aged 40–59 years. Those aged under 40 and 40–59 years in the non-rural areas, who answered that their main work was IM without specific subspecialty had a significantly higher OR for migration to rural areas, and those aged 40–59 years in the rural areas who answered the same had a higher OR for rural retention. Conclusions Obtaining and maintaining board certification of IM subspecialties are possible inhibiting factors for rural work, and IM doctors whose main work involves subspecialties tend to work in non-rural areas. Once rural work begins, more middle-aged female IM doctors continued rural work compared to male doctors. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.22-00169.
Radiation dose reduction using deep learning-based image reconstruction for a low-dose chest computed tomography protocol: a phantom study

Background The aim of this study was to compare the dose reduction potential and image quality of deep learning-based image reconstruction (DLIR) with those of filtered back-projection (FBP) and iterative reconstruction (IR) and to determine the clinically usable dose of DLIR for low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) scans. Methods Multi-slice computed tomography (CT) scans of a chest phantom were performed with various tube voltages and tube currents, and the images were reconstructed using seven methods to control the amount of noise reduction: FBP, three stages of IR, and three stages of DLIR. For subjective image analysis, four radiologists compared 48 image data sets with reference images and rated on a 5-point scale. For quantitative image analysis, the signal to noise ratio (SNR), contrast to noise ratio (CNR), nodule volume, and nodule diameter were measured. Results In the subjective analysis, DLIR-Low (0.46 mGy), DLIR-Medium (0.31 mGy), and DLIR-High (0.18 mGy) images showed similar quality to the FBP (2.47 mGy) image. Under the same dose conditions, the SNR and CNR were higher with DLIR-High than with FBP and all the IR methods (all P<0.05). The nodule volume and size with DLIR-High were significantly closer to the real volume than with FBP and all the IR methods (all P<0.001). Conclusions DLIR can improve the image quality of LDCT compared to FBP and IR. In addition, the appropriate effective dose for LDCT would be 0.24 mGy with DLIR-High.
Observations of southern emission-line stars

A catalog of 1929 stars showing H-alpha emission on photographic plates is presented which covers the entire southern sky south of declination -25 deg to a red limiting magnitude of about 11.0. The catalog provides previous designations of known emission-line stars equatorial (1900) and galactic coordinates, visual and photographic magnitudes, H-alpha emission parameters, spectral types, and notes on unusual spectral features. The objects listed include 16 M stars, 25 S stars, 37 carbon stars, 20 symbiotic stars, 40 confirmed or suspected T Tauri stars, 16 novae, 14 planetary nebulae, 11 P Cygni stars, 9 Bep stars, 87 confirmed or suspected Wolf-Rayet stars, and 26 'peculiar' stars. Two new T associations are discovered, one in Lupus and one in Chamaeleon. Objects with variations in continuum or H-alpha intensity are noted, and the distribution by spectral type is analyzed. It is found that the sky distribution of these emission-line stars shows significant concentrations in the region of the small Sagittarius cloud and in the Carina region.
Lessons Learned From Co-Designing Educational Programs for Student and Practicing Healthcare Professionals in Nursing Homes: A Participatory Qualitative Study

Our aim was to examine the co-design process of two educational programs based on scientific research, to investigate which factors influenced the co-design processes and which lessons we learned. Participatory qualitative research on multiple cases was conducted with representatives of the university, healthcare education (university of applied science), secondary vocational education and training and nursing home care practice. Data were analyzed using a critical creative hermeneutic analysis. Three themes influenced the co-design processes: (1) facilitation of the processes, (2) team members’ attributes and (3) diverse interests and structures. Participants’ diversity slowed down and deepened the collaboration. The positive climate and personal attributes enabled the processes. The complexity of the co-design processes, conflicting interests and making use of the full potential of the diversity were challenging aspects. These challenges can be overcome by organizing and facilitating co-design processes skillfully.
Excogitation of Stacked Strategy for Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosis

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a dangerous deadly customary disease that prevents the follow of blood to the heart and influenced by several variable risk factors. Recently, machine learning (ML) algorithms assist clinicians for appropriate prediction of CAD by constructing predictive models that may reduce mortality. In this proposed method, UCI data repository and machine learning classifiers are used for prediction. The data available in the UCI repository is preprocessed and updated after feature extraction and validations. Then the processed data is applied to various machine learning classifiers such as eXtreme Gradinet Boosting, Support Vector machine, KNN classifier and stacking algorithm. The stacking algorithm surpassed the results of individual classifier with classification accuracy of 91.8%.
The Extracellular Vesicles Proteome of Endometrial Cells Simulating the Receptive Menstrual Phase Differs from That of Endometrial Cells Simulating the Non-Receptive Menstrual Phase

Successful embryo implantation into a receptive endometrium requires mutual endometrial-embryo communication. Recently, the function of extracellular vehicles (EVs) in cell-to-cell interaction in embryo-maternal interactions has been investigated. We explored isolated endometrial-derived EVs, using RL95-2 cells as a model of a receptive endometrium, influenced by the menstrual cycle hormones estrogen (E2; proliferative phase), progesterone (P4; secretory phase), and estrogen plus progesterone (E2P4; the receptive phase). EV sized particles were isolated by differential centrifugation and size exclusion chromatography. Nanoparticle tracking analysis was used to examine the different concentrations and sizes of particles and EV proteomic analysis was performed using shotgun label-free mass spectrometry. Our results showed that although endometrial derived EVs were secreted in numbers independent of hormonal stimulation, EV sizes were statistically modified by it. Proteomics analysis showed that hormone treatment changes affect the endometrial EV’s proteome, with proteins enhanced within the EV E2P4 group shown to be involved in different processes, such as embryo implantation, endometrial receptivity, and embryo development, supporting the concept of a communication system between the embryo and the maternal endometrium via EVs.
Comparative spectroscopic studies of Ho: KPb2Cl5, Ho: KPb2Br2, and Ho: YAG for 2 μm laser cooling applications

The infrared (IR) absorption and emission properties of Ho:KPC, Ho:KPB, and Ho:YAG were compared for possible applications in 2 µm laser cooling. Ho:KPC and Ho:KPB crystals were grown by vertical Bridgman technique using purified starting materials. A commercial Ho:YAG crystal was included in this study for comparison. Under resonant pumping at ~1.907 µm, the Ho-doped KPC/KPB crystals exhibited broad IR emission centered at ~2 µm based on the Ho3+ intra-4f transition 5I7 → 5I8. Under similar experimental conditions, Ho:YAG showed a narrow-structured emission band reflective of individual Stark levels. The average emission wavelength for Ho:YAG was determined to be ~2.03 µm. Initial heat loading/cooling experiments under ambient air were performed using a fiber laser operating at ~2.036 µm with an output power of 2 W. The Ho:KPC/KPB crystals exhibited small temperature increases of ~1.0 ºC. A significantly larger temperature increase of ~5 ºC was observed for Ho:YAG. IR transmission studies revealed the existence of OH impurities in the Ho-doped halides, which possibly lead to non-radiative decay channels.
Polarimetric Observations of Comets C/1995 O1 Hale–Bopp and C/1996 B2 Hyakutake

Abstract We present polarimetric observations of Comet C/1995 O1 Hale–Bopp. Polarimetric data was obtained with a Pockels cell polarimeter at the Observatoire du Mont Megantic, between July 1996 and May 1997. An intermediate bandpass red filter and five cometary filters, in the continuum and in emission bands, have been used. The comet was measured in linear and circular polarimetry, in the nuclear region and in the coma and tail, and through apertures of different sizes. The polarization was always parallel or perpendicular to the scattering plane within 4° or 5°. The curve of polarization as a function of the phase angle β has a steeper slope than usually seen in comets: a trigonometric fit gives 0.303±0.014% per degree. The crossover value of the phase angle, β co , is evaluated to be around 20°, which is typical for comets. Polarization and the angle of polarization show some variations when using different apertures and also as calculated in concentric rings centered on the nuclear region. Polarization was found to be significantly lower in the blue in the CO + and C 3 emission filters (426 and 406 nm) than in an adjacent 484-nm continuum filter and significantly higher in the red in the H 2 O + emission filter (700 nm) than in the adjacent 684-nm continuum filter. Polarization has been measured in the coma and tail up to a distance of about 200″, corresponding to 2.2×10 5 km, in two continuum filters; the polarization increases and then decreases when going away from the nuclear region. Circular polarization at a maximum value of 0.2% was detected and was found to be variable. We present also a few observations of Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake that show that P max ≈28.6% occurs at β≈91°.
Realization of hybrid systems coupling molecules and gold nanoparticles towards fluorescence enhancement

Hybrid systems coupling gold nanoparticles to fluorophores have been realized, aiming to investigate the conditions to get two-photon fluorescence (TPF) enhancement effects through nanoantenna or Purcell effects. The use of gold nanorods (NR) was chosen : due to their anisotropic form they indeed exhibit two localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) modes: one in the visible (associated to the transverse size of the NR) and another in the infrared (associated to the NR longitudinal size), one key point being the possibility to adjust these two resonances to the optical properties of the two-photon fluorophores to be further coupled to the NRs (emission λem and excitation λexc wavelengths). Detailed investigation of the intrinsic NR TPF signal dependence was first considered. Experiments were performed in aqueous solutions using a Ti-Sapphire laser source emitting 100 fs pulses in the 750-950 nm wavelength range. We observe that the maximum TPF signal is located at the NR surface plasmon resonance wavelength, pointing the role of field enhancement effects in the observation of the increased NR TPF. As a next step, the nanoparticles were immobilized onto previously treated indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates and a method to couple fluorescent molecules (a polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) derivative) to the previously immobilized NRs was then studied: the so-called layer-by-layer technique was more particularly investigated in order to control the realization of hybrid systems coupling the fluorescent PPV polymer and particles at varying distances. In order to perform joint optical and topographic characterizations, a stand-alone atomic force microscopy (AFM) platform was integrated to our TPF microscopy set-up. The influence of the number of spacing layers on the TPF of such hybrid systems was studied. First results seem to indicate the existence of a specific distance allowing TPF enhancement. A more detailed study considering the intensity and lifetime of such hybrid system is currently under way in order to fully quantify the signal enhancement origin.
Helicity in Laminar and Turbulent Flow

The quantity h(x, t) = u" o~ is the helicity density of the flow. Both h and ~ are pseudoscalar quantities, i.e. they change sign under change from a right-handed to a left-handed frame of reference (parity transformation). It is important therefore to specify the frame that is used; we shall always use a right-handed Cartesian (or orthogonal curvilinear) frame unless otherwise stated. The simplest (prototype) helical flow u = U+1⁄2f~ x where U and f~ are constants. Then curl
On the Question of Ball Lightning

The hypothetical model of ball lightning first suggested by P. L. Kapitza [Doklady Akad. Nauk S.S. S.R. 101, No. 2, 245 (1955)] is considered in some detail in an attempt to uncover evidence which will substantiate or contradict the theory. Observers' reports of the phenomenon are summarized briefly. Pro and con arguments concerning Kapitza's scheme are given. A theoretical model in an ideal environment is examined. The radio‐frequency field suggested by Kapitza is considered, and the interference effects resulting from the reflection of a discrete band spectrum of linearly polarized waves from a perfect reflector are presented. The gaseous discharge is discussed, under the assumption that the ball lightning phenomenon is analogous to a point‐to‐plane corona discharge. It is determined that, given a sufficiently intense electric field, a horizontal discharge along one of the electric field antinodes, suggestive of horizontal lightning, can result. It is concluded that this exploratory work supports Kapitza's hypothesis, but that much more must be done before the theory is fully substantiated.