Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GUS Reporter-Aided Promoter Deletion Analysis of A. thaliana POLYAMINE OXIDASE 3

Polyamine oxidases (PAOs) have been correlated with numerous physiological and developmental processes, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Their transcriptional regulation is driven by signals generated by various developmental and environmental cues, including phytohormones. However, the inductive mechanism(s) of the corresponding genes remains elusive. Out of the five previously characterized Arabidopsis PAO genes, none of their regulatory sequences have been analyzed to date. In this study, a GUS reporter-aided promoter deletion approach was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of AtPAO3 during normal growth and development as well as under various inductive environments. AtPAO3 contains an upstream open reading frame (uORF) and a short inter-cistronic sequence, while the integrity of both appears to be crucial for the proper regulation of gene expression. The full-length promoter contains several cis-acting elements that regulate the tissue-specific expression of AtPAO3 during normal growth and development. Furthermore, a number of TFBS that are involved in gene induction under various abiotic stress conditions display an additive effect on gene expression. Taken together, our data indicate that the transcription of AtPAO3 is regulated by multiple environmental factors, which probably work alongside hormonal signals and shed light on the fine-tuning mechanisms of PAO regulation.
Quantum confinement effect on the effective mass in two-dimensional electron gas of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

We report the results of direct measurements and a theoretical investigation of the in-plane effective mass in the two-dimensional electron gas of nominally undoped AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with a different degree of quantum confinement. It is shown that in most cases the conduction band nonparabolicity effect is overestimated and the electron wave-function penetration into the barrier layer should be taken into account. The contribution of the wave-function hybridization is determined to play the dominant role. The band edge effective mass value is deduced to be (0.2±0.01)m0.
Ion viscosity stabilization of resistive internal kink modes

The linear stability theory of resistive m0=1 internal kink modes is presented, including the effects of finite electron drift frequency, finite ion Larmor radius, and ion viscosity. Analytic and numerical computations are used to show that moderate values of the ion viscosity parameter are sufficient to stabilize the resistive internal kink mode.
A universal adhesive containing copper nanoparticles improves the bonding and mechanical properties of resin cement–root dentin interface: an in vitro study

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-MMP activity of two concentrations of copper nanoparticles (CuNp) and the effect of their addition to a universal adhesive system on resin cement-radicular dentin in situ degree of conversion (DC), elastic modulus (EM), nanoleakage (NL), and push-out bond strength (PBS). Anti-MMP activity was evaluated for several MMPs. Seventy-two roots of endodontically prepared human lower premolars were randomly divided into six groups according to CuNp concentration (0% [control], 0.1%, 0.2%) and adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse [ER] and self-etch [SE]). Fiber posts were cemented, DC was measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy, the EM of the hybrid layer and adhesive layer was measured using a nano-indenter, the NL was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and PBS was tested at 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). CuNp demonstrated anti-MMP activity (p < 0.01). CuNp containing-adhesives showed significant increased DC (p = 0.01), increased EM in the hybrid layer and adhesive layer (p = 0.001), decreased NL values (p = 0.001), and increased PBS (p = 0.0001). Adhesive strategy was not statistically significant (p > 0.47). Usually, a significant difference among root thirds was observed, except for DC and NL when CuNp 0.2% was evaluated. This is the first in vitro study showing that the incorporation of CuNp in an adhesive is an achievable alternative that can provide anti-MMP activity and improve the mechanical and bonding properties to root canal dentin.
A New Cloud Physics Parameterization in a Large-Eddy Simulation Model of Marine Stratocumulus

Abstract A new bulk microphysical parameterization for large-eddy simulation (LES) models of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer has been developed using an explicit (drop spectrum resolving) microphysical model as a data source and benchmark for comparison. The liquid water is divided into two categories, nonprecipitable cloud water and drizzle, similar to traditional Kessler-type parameterizations. The cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) count, cloud/drizzle water mixing ratios, cloud/drizzle drop concentrations, and the cloud drop integral radius are predicted in the new scheme. The source/sink terms such as autoconversion/accretion of cloud water into/by drizzle are regressed using the cloud drop size spectra predicted by an explicit microphysical model. The results from the explicit and the new bulk microphysics schemes are compared for two cases: nondrizzling and heavily drizzling stratocumulus-topped boundary layers (STBLs). The evolution of the STBL (characterized by such parameters as turbulence.
Universal BlackMarks: Key-Image-Free Blackbox Multi-Bit Watermarking of Deep Neural Networks

Existing methods for Deep Neural Networks (DNN) watermarking either require accessing the internal parameters of the DNN models (white-box watermarking), or rely on backdooring to enforce a desired behavior of the model when the DNN is fed with a specific set of key input images (black-box watermarking). In this letter, we propose a black-box multi-bit DNN watermarking algorithm, suitable for multiclass classification networks, whereby the presence of the watermark can be retrieved from the output of the network in correspondence to any input. To read the watermark, we first apply a power function to the softmax output of the DNN model to map it from an impulse-like to a smooth distibution. Then, we extract the watermark bits by projecting the output of the DNN onto a pseudorandom key vector. Watermark embedding is achieved by adding a proper regularizer term to the training loss. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by applying it to various network architectures working on different datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the possibility to embed a robust watermark into the output of the host DNN with a negligible impact on the accuracy of the original task.
Te inclusions and their relationship to the performance of CdZnTe detectors

Te-rich secondary phases existing in CdZnTe (CZT) single crystals degrade the spectroscopic performance of these detectors. An unpredictable number of charges are trapped, corresponding to the abundance of these microscopic defects, thereby leading to fluctuations in the total collected charge and strongly affecting the uniformity of charge-collection efficiency. These effects, observed in thin planar detectors, also were found to be the dominant cause of the low performance of thick detectors, wherein the fluctuations accumulate along the charge's drift path. Reducing the size of Te inclusions from a virtual diameter of 10-20 μm down to less than 5 μm already allowed us to produce Frisch-ring detectors with a resolution as good as ~0.8% FWHM at 662 keV. Understanding and modeling the mechanisms involving Te-rich secondary phases and charge loss requires systematic studies on a spatial scale never before realized. Here, we describe a dedicated beam-line recently established at BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source for characterizing semiconductor detectors along with a IR system with counting capability that permits us to correlate the concentration of defects with the devices' performances.
Trajectory tracking and robust stability for a class of time-delayed flexible-joint robotic manipulators

In this paper, we study a trajectory tracking problem for a class of time-delayed robotic manipulator systems. The approach described in this paper can also be applied to some more general time-delayed nonlinear control systems. We demonstrate the basic ideas and techniques by working through a specific flexible-joint robot arm model. We first linearize the nonlinear robot arm model in the controller design for trajectory tracking, where a closed-form analytic solution of the tracking problem is derived under a minimum control-energy criterion. We then combine all the unmodelled and unknown effects on the original system, such as the unmodelled nonlinearities and flexibilities, linearization errors, and unknown parameters as uncertainties, to study the robust stability of the control system subject to these uncertainties. We obtain conditions for maximum allowable variations of system parameters, including time delays, for robust stability of the linearized model. We also discuss two different controllers.
Teaching in emergency remote classrooms: reflections for professional learning

ABSTRACT Background Reflective teaching has long been regarded as playing an important, and potentially empowering, role in teachers’ professional learning. The study reported in this paper considered the longer-term significance of teachers’ self-reflective learning in the course of their daily emergency remote teaching during COVID-19, and how this supported teacher agency. Purpose This small-scale case study sought to explore, in depth, teachers’ perceptions of how their professional learning was realised through reflective practice during emergency remote teaching. Method Three teachers from primary, junior high, and high schools in mainland China participated in the case study during the spring and fall semesters in 2020. They considered the accommodations they made for emergency remote teaching and the corresponding implications for their professional learning and sense of agency. Data were collected via four-monthly, semi-structured interviews, resulting in a total of five interviews per teacher. These charted the progress of their emergency remote courses in the spring, and allowed for final reflections via a follow-up interview in the fall. Data were analysed thematically. Findings The resultant four themes and eight categories related to aspects including pedagogical strategies, home-school communication, classroom management, and teachers’ technological literacy. Within these, approaches to blending online and offline coursework, valuing sociocultural concerns in classroom interaction, and developing adaptive mindsets were among areas identified as relevant to teachers’ professional learning beyond the emergency remote teaching situation. Conclusions The findings highlight the multiple ways in which professional learning took place through reflective teaching in the remote teaching environment. They draw attention to the importance of situating some professional learning in everyday practice. Understandings gained during remote teaching have broader implications for educators’ professional learning and growth in pre-tertiary education.
Propiedades básicas de los números computables

Motivated by Algorithmic Information Theory, we study the field Cc of the complex computable numbers. We also present some non trivial examples of computable and noncomputable real numbers and propose a definition of a partial computable function defined in C n . We develop the basic notions of convergence in the field Rc of the real computable numbers and show that every analytic function whose series representation has computable coefficients is a computable function when restricted to any c disk in its domain. Finally, we prove that Rc is a real closed field and also that Cc is an algebraic closed field containing the algebraic numbers.
Biofertilization with PGP Bacteria Improve Strawberry Plant Performance under Sub-Optimum Phosphorus Fertilization

Biofertilization with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could optimize chemical fertilization for strawberry crop cultivation. A greenhouse study was arranged to assess the impact of an isolated PGPB consortium from halophytes on strawberry development, physiological traits, and nutritional balance subjected to two phosphorus fertilization limitation treatments (with and without insoluble phosphorus form application). Biofertilization had a positive effect on strawberry development. Thus, shoot and root biomass was c. 20 and 32% higher in inoculated plants grown with insoluble phosphorus. This effect was mediated by a positive bacterial impact on plant carbon absorption capacity and water use efficiency, through a reduction in CO2 diffusional and biochemical photosynthesis limitation. Thus, net photosynthetic rate and intrinsic water use efficiency showed increments of 21–56% and 14–37%, respectively. In addition, inoculation led to a better efficiency of the plant photochemical apparatus, as indicated by the invariable higher PSII photochemistry parameters. Furthermore, these effects correlated with improved nutritional balance of phosphorus and nitrogen, which was directly related to the beneficial impact on carbon metabolism and, consequently, on strawberries’ growth. In conclusion, we can recommend the biofertilization based on PGPB for achieving more efficient strawberry P fertilization management practices, providing high efficiency in yields.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Evaluation of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles and Their Application for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Detection in Blood Samples

Glutathione-capped copper sulfide (CuxSy) nanoparticles with two different average sizes were successfully achieved by using a simple reduction process that involves only changing the reaction temperature. Temperature-induced changes in the size of CuxSy nanoparticles resulted in particles with different optical, morphological, and electrochemical properties. The dependence of electrochemical sensing properties on the sizes of CuxSy nanoparticles was studied by using voltammetric and amperometric techniques. The spherical CuxSy nanoparticles with the average particle size of 25 ± 0.6 nm were found to be highly conductive as compared to CuxSy nanoparticles with the average particle size of 4.5 ± 0.2 nm. The spherical CuxSy nanoparticles exhibited a low bandgap energy (Eg) of 1.87 eV, resulting in superior electrochemical properties and improved electron transfer during glucose detection. The sensor showed a very good electrocatalytic activity toward glucose molecules in the presence of interference species such as uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), fructose, sodium chloride, and sucrose. These species are often present in low concentrations in the blood. The sensor demonstrated an excellent dynamic linear range between 0.2 to 16 mM, detection limit of 0.2 mM, and sensitivity of 0.013 mA/mM. The applicability of the developed sensor for real field determination of glucose was demonstrated by use of spiked blood samples, which confirmed that the developed sensor had great potential for real analysis of blood glucose levels.
Inhibitory effect of extracts of hainosan (painongsan) and its constituent crude drugs on production of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin‐6 in murine fibroblasts treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis

Hainosan (painongsan), composed of Platycodon grandiflorum root (PG), Paeonia lactiflora root (PL), and Citrus aurantium immature fruit (AF), is a formula used in traditional Japanese (Kampo) and Chinese medicine to treat purulent diseases, including gingivitis. In this study, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of hainosan extract (HNS) using both traditional direct and serum pharmacological techniques.
Quality assessment of hydrometeorological observational data and their influence on hydrological model results in Alpine catchments

ABSTRACT Hydrometeorological observational data can be affected by trends, change points and inhomogeneities. It is often difficult to identify the cause of these statistical properties of the time series and therefore they represent a source of uncertainty that can propagate to the hydrological model results. We examine two case studies of high-elevation Alpine catchments for which 59 hydrometeorological time series are analysed to show how often trends, change points and inhomogeneities in the time series occur. We consider daily and monthly aggregated data, as well as a set of nine homogeneity tests, six trend tests and three change-point tests. The results show that inhomogeneities in meteorological time series have a stronger and more direct influence on the cryosphere (snow and glacier processes) than on runoff generation. The non-linear behaviour of hydrological processes greatly complicates the judgement about the consequences of including or excluding suspicious time series in hydrological model set-ups.
Yeast in layer diets: its effect on production, health, egg composition and economics

SUMMARY Scientists throughout the world are increasingly interested in developing novel technologies and materials as alternatives to antibiotics in the poultry industry. The researchers’ efforts include not just substituting antibiotic growth promoters in poultry feeds, but also reducing the total overuse of veterinary antibiotics in the poultry industry in order to achieve organic products. Several approaches have been applied as antibiotic substitutes, including the use of beneficial bacteria or medicinal herbs. Recently, using probiotic sources in a daily supplement regimen has become a common routine in commercial poultry production. For many decades, yeast and its derivatives were regarded as one of the most important microorganisms used in animal feed. Yeasts are important in several ecological processes for instance the dissipation of energy and carbon and mineralisation of organic material through the soil ecosystem as well as are involved in parasitic, mutualistic, symbiotic, and competitive interactions with other microorganisms. The combination of nutritional metabolites in the yeast-derived product induces the birds’ health via balancing the immune system while heightening nutrient digestibility and gut health. Owing to prohibitions on using antimicrobial growth promoters, yeast-based products are becoming alternative supplements in poultry feed due to their health and nutritional advantages. Recently, several studies have shown that the inclusion of yeast in layer chicken feeds enhanced nutrient utilisation and increased egg production and egg weight. This review will discuss the uses of yeast in layer nutrition as an alternative method for organic poultry production to conventional growth stimulators.
Recursive 'ML' bearing estimation: initialization and sources number update

Maximum-likelihood (ML) and approximate ML may be considered as the upper state of the art in high-resolution methods, but they suffer from initialization of the sources' number and position. Starting from a crude initialization with a low-resolution method, the authors propose a time recursive method for simultaneous update of the sources' number and location. For the current estimate of the sources' number the algorithm computes the best ML position estimate over the past observations. The corresponding signal is subtracted from the observations, and the residue is tested for the noise-only hypothesis. If the test fails, the sources' number is incremented, a new initialization is provided, and ML estimation proceeds. Emphasis is on the stationary case. <<ETX>>
Magnetic induction tomography

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a new imaging modality being developed for the process industry and for medical imaging. MIT applies a magnetic field from an excitation coil to induce eddy currents in the material to be studied, and the magnetic field from these is then detected by sensing coils. The technique has been variously named mutual inductance tomography (also MIT) and electromagnetic tomography (EMT). MIT is sensitive to all three passive electromagnetic properties: conductivity, permittivity and permeability. A number of experimental systems exist but so far no MIT system has reached routine use either industrially or medically. There is a need for the two research communities to work more closely together to further their joint aim in making MIT a successful imaging modality.
Diffraction efficiency enhancement of femtosecond laser-engraved diffraction gratings due to CO2 laser polishing

This research demonstrates laser-assisted fabrication of high-efficiency diffraction gratings in fused-silica glass samples. Initially, femtosecond laser pulses are used to engrave diffraction gratings on the glass surfaces. Then, these micro-patterned glass samples undergo CO2 laser polishing process. unpolished diffraction gratings encoded in the glass samples show an overall diffraction efficiency of 18.1%. diffraction gratings imprinted on the glass samples and then polished four times by using a CO2 laser beam attain a diffraction efficiency of 32.7%. We also investigate the diffraction patterns of the diffraction gratings encoded on fused-silica glass surfaces. The proposed CO2 laser polishing technique shows great potential in patterning high-efficiency diffraction gratings on the surfaces of various transparent materials.
The Colour Numbers of Complete Graphs

An independent set of vertices in an ordinary graph G with vertex set F and edge set X is a subset of V in which no two elements are adjacent, i.e., joined by an edge. The minimum number of independent sets (also called colour classes) into which F can be partitioned is called the (vertex) chromatic number of G and is denoted by x($)In a like manner, we define two other " colour numbers " for a graph 6? An independent set of edges in G is a subset of X in which no two elements are adjacent, i.e., have an end-vertex in common. The minimum number of independent sets (also called edge colour classes) into which X can be partitioned is called the edge chromatic number of G (also chromatic index, see [1]) and is denoted by x'(@)-^ independent set of vertices and edges in G is a subset of VuX having the properties: (i) no two elements of F are adjacent, (ii) no two elements of X are adjacent, (iii) no element of V is incident with an element of X. The minimum number of such independent sets into which V\JX can be partitioned is called the total chromatic number of G and is denoted by x"($)By Kn, the complete graph of order n, we mean the graph where | F | = w (|F| denotes the cardinal number of F) and \X\ = n(n—l)/2, i.e., all distinct vertices of Kn are adjacent. A graph G with vertex set F is called bipartite if F can be partitioned into sets Vx and F2 so that every edge of G joins a vertex of Vx to a vertex of F2. The complete bipartite graph Km> n is the bipartite graph with | V1 | = m, | F21 = n, and | X | = mn, i.e., every vertex of Vx is adjacent to all vertices of F2. Our purpose here is to establish the colour numbers for the complete graphs and the complete biparite graphs. Some of these results are already known, but they shall be listed for completeness.