Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Presence of somatic/germline homologous recombination repair (HRR) mutations and outcomes in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients (pts) receiving first-line (1L) treatment stratified by BRCA status.

5003 Background: Understanding of the association between HRR mutations and outcomes in mCRPC pts is limited. This analysis investigated the prevalence and outcomes of pts with/out HRR mutations (somatic and/or germline), stratified as BRCA, non-BRCA, or HRR non-BRCA, who initiated 1L mCRPC treatment with novel hormonal therapy (NHT) or taxane. Methods: Eligible pts from PROREPAIR-B (NCT03075735), PROSENZA (NCT02922218), PROSTAC (NCT02362620), and PROSABI (NCT02787837) studies underwent paired somatic/germline DNA analyses using a custom NGS panel that included ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDK12, CHEK2, FANCA, HDAC2, PALB2, RAD51B, and RAD54L. Those with pathogenic (likely) mutations in ≥1 allele of ≥1 gene were considered deficient (HRR). rPFS, PFS2, and OS were reported for BRCA, non-BRCA, and HRR non-BRCA subgroups; associations between mutations and outcomes were assessed using inverse probability weighted Cox models, which balanced the baseline (BL) characteristics between subgroups. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p values are presented. Results: Of 729 pts, 223 (30.6%) were HRR, including 96 (13.2%) BRCA. 60.4% of pts were treated with NHT and 39.6% with taxane in 1L; 80.7% received at least second-line treatment. Median age at BL was 72.2 years, 63.5% had Gleason >7, 53.1% had ECOG ≥1, and 13.3% presented with visceral metastases. BL characteristics after adjustment were similar (standard mean difference: <0.1 in HRR and maximum 0.11 for all pts). BRCA pts had significantly worse rPFS, PFS2, and OS than non-BRCA pts; BRCA pts also had significantly worse PFS2 and OS than HRR non-BRCA pts. There were no significant differences between the outcomes of somatic and germline BRCA pts. Conclusions: BRCA pts, regardless of somatic/germline origin, had significantly worse rPFS, PFS2, and OS than the total non-BRCA population and significantly worse PFS2 and OS than non-BRCA pts in the HRR subgroup. It is crucial to screen early for HRR mutations, particularly in BRCA1/2, to begin timely, targeted mCRPC treatment and improve prognosis. [Table: see text]
Cross-based adaptive guided filtering in image denoising

Since the contradiction between edge-preserving in homogeneous regions and structure-preserving in the boundary region of an image, a new algorithm combined with cross-based framework and guided filter was proposed. The main idea of the algorithm was adding an adjust offset in guided filter to ensure remaining the edge structure. Usually the fixed size window was used as neighborhood filtering, while the new algorithm employed cross-based framework, which chose a threshold in grayscale similarity. Taking the advantage of stereo matching, the adaptive filtering blocks whose sizes and shapes can adjust automatically were generalized. The adjust offset was proportional to the threshold, which was more robust than a hard threshold. In the simulation experiments of processing international standard sequence, the blocks were generalized by crossbased framework efficiently and effectively, homogeneous regions were smoothed well. The added offset outperforms many other algorithms in terms of sharpness enhancement. Compared to the guided filter, the value of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio( PSNR)of the proposed method has been improved by about 2 d B. The test results of real natural picture show that the proposed algorithm has a good future in practical application.
Symmetry and Asymmetry in South Asian Languages

The Indo-Aryan languages with close historical and/or geographical contact to Dravidian (Assamese, Bangla (Bengali), Oriya and Marathi) usually show a peculiar mixture in their grammar of clausal complementation. There are two types of finite complements which are largely distributed complementarily. The Indo-Aryan model of sentential complementation shows an articulated left periphery which is signaled by a complementizer or by an operatorlike relative pronoun. CPs of this type, i.e. C+IP, deviate from the dominant SOV-pattern by being uniformly positioned to the right of the matrix predicate. The Dravidian model of complementation, on the other hand, typically lacks an articulated left periphery and rather shows clause-final affixal operators as well as a grammaticalized verb of speaking which seems to serve as a clause final complementizer (classically called a “quotative” marker), i.e. IP+C (or IP+QUOT). In the unmarked case, complements of this type are positioned to the left of the matrix predicate. As such they pattern with infinitives of various sorts. My goal is to formulate some thoughts on the grammars of these languages in the context of Kayne's (1994) Antisymmetry Hypothesis.
A Magic Trick Based on the Hamming Code

In 2006, Richard Ehrenborg introduced a magic trick based on properties of the Hamming code. Here we improve upon the trick, allowing the magician to predict both a number and color selected by the volunteer, and to perform the trick more easily in a public setting. The magician walked into the spotlight and faced the audience. He asked for a volunteer. The young lady who raised her hand first was asked to pick a number from 1 through 15 and a color from the set {red, orange, yellow, green, blue, pink, purple}. She was then shown seven colored cards and asked to report whether or not her chosen number appeared on each card. On the card of her chosen color, however, she was instructed to lie. After giving her responses, the magician reported both her chosen number and her chosen color. The audience applauded and wondered how the magician was able to make these determinations. As it turns out, there is nothing magic about this trick at all. It is based on the mathematics of error-correcting codes. The same principles explain how CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs can still play when scratched.
N -Branching random walk with α-stable spine

We consider a branching-selection particle system on the real line, introduced by Brunet and Derrida in [7]. In this model the size of the population is fixed to a constant N. At each step individuals in the population reproduce independently, making children around their current position. Only the N rightmost children survive to reproduce at the next step. Berard and Gouere studied the speed at which the cloud of individuals drifts in [2], assuming the tails of the displacement decays at exponential rate; Berard and Maillard [3] took interest in the case of heavy tail displacements. We take interest in an intermediate model, considering branching random walks in which the critical spine behaves as an α-stable random walk.
Evaluating clinical trial inclusion/exclusion criteria from claims using generative artificial intelligence.

e13566 Background: Increasing enrollment in oncology clinical trials (CTs) requires identification of trial-eligible patients from routine health data. However, identification of CT-eligible patients is limited by inadequate access to EHR and its relevant clinical features to evaluate inclusion/exclusion (I/E) criteria in large populations. Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to large-scale administrative claims may accelerate pre-screening of large patient cohorts against common I/E criteria related to stage and performance status (PS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 92,895 adult patients from ConcertAI’s real-world data: linked claims and deeply curated de-identified EHRs sourced from data-sharing agreements with 900+ community oncology clinics in the US. Patients had solid malignancies and an oncology encounter between January 6, 2014, and August 12, 2022. Patients with ≥1 claim record within one week of a PS entry and ≥25 claims within three years of a clinical encounter were included. We trained a Generative AI Transformer Model to predict good PS (ECOG 0-1 or Karnofsky 70-100) and stage IV disease at baseline, both of which are common inclusion criteria for therapeutic CTs in advanced malignancies. Model features included 7,745 timestamped claim codes and 8 time-independent demographic and socioeconomic variables. A state-of-the-art Generative AI Pre-trained Transformer Model was fine-tuned via compute-efficient transfer-learning to obtain predictive models for both PS and stage at baseline. The train/validation/test patient split was 95%/2%/3% with 3,039 patients in the PS test set and 2,718 in the stage IV test set. A comparator model was built to predict stage IV at baseline if a C77-9 ICD-100CM secondary malignancy code or cross-walked ICD-9-CM was in the claim record. Results: Among 92,895 patients, 48,331 (52%) were women, 63,620 (68%) were ≥65 years old, 54,495 (59%) were White, and 6,603 (7%) were Black. 38,229 (41%) were confirmed stage IV at baseline and 64,177 (69%) had good PS. In the test set predicting good PS, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.8 and under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) was 0.89 for the Generative AI model. This corresponded to an Equal Error Rate (EER) operating point with good precision and recall (both 0.82). Performance metrics for the stage IV endpoint were also acceptable (AUROC 0.84, AUPRC 0.87, EER operating point 0.77). Comparator stage IV precision was 0.73 and recall was 0.47. Conclusions: Generative AI can leverage claims-only data to evaluate common pre-screening I/E criteria in large cohorts and outperforms models based on limited diagnosis codes. Rather than building one model per criterion per indication, Generative AI enables a systematic and reliable solution that can be readily scaled in future large-scale CT screening.
Efficient numerical methods to solve some reaction-diffusion problems arising in biology

Efficient numerical methods to solve some reaction-diffusion problems arising in biology by Owolabi Kolade Matthew PhD thesis, Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape In this thesis, we solve some time-dependent partial differential equations, and systems of such equations, that governs reaction-diffusion models in biology. we design and implement some novel exponential time differencing schemes to integrate stiff systems of ordinary differential equations which arise from semi-discretization of the associated partial differential equations. We split the semi-linear PDE(s) into a linear, which contains the highly stiff part of the problem, and a nonlinear part, that is expected to vary more slowly than the linear part. Then we introduce higher-order finite difference approximations for the spatial discretization. Resulting systems of stiff ODEs are then solved by using exponential time differencing methods. We present stability properties of these methods along with extensive numerical simulations for a number of different reaction-diffusion models, including single and multi-species models. When the diffusivity is small many of the models considered in this work are found to exhibit a form of localized spatiotemporal patterns. Such patterns are correctly captured by our proposed numerical schemes. Hence, the schemes that we have designed in this thesis are dynamically consistent. Finally, in many cases, we have compared our results with those obtained by other researchers.
Closure to the discussion of ‘interpretation of augered cast-in-place pile capacity using static loading tests’

This closure addresses the comments made by the discussers to a previously published paper on the interpretation of failure loads from static loading tests on augered cast-in-place piles. In this closure, it is shown that there were no data or interpretation problems as postulated by the discussers. It is shown that: the ratio of elastic and initial compression slopes depends on the slenderness ration, the L2 capacity depends on the magnitude of displacement imposed, and the L2 capacity relative to the Davisson capacity is a function of the axial stiffness. This closure points to the important role of slenderness ratio (which serves as a proxy for axial stiffness) on the interpretation of failure loads.
Comparisons of RNA Secondary Structures Based on LZ Complexity

We propose a relatively simple and effective method to compare RNA secondary structures. We transform an RNA secondary structure into linear sequences not only differentiating paired bases from free bases but also considering the stacks and loops of the RNA secondary structure. Then we use two suitable distance measures based on the relative information between the linear sequences using Lempel-Ziv complexity, the pair-distance matrix thus obtained can be used to construct phylogenetic trees. The proposed approach does not require sequence alignment. The algorithm has been successfully constructed phylogenies for two data sets.
The Assistive Technology for Teaching and Learning of Social Skills for Autism Spectrum Disorder Children: Multimedia Interactive Social Skills Module Application

An earlier study found that assistive technology based on mobile applications significantly improved how social skills were taught to and learned by autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children. Nevertheless, the content of the existing mobile applications is inadequate for capturing the diversity of Malaysian culture, making it unacceptable for local use. Considering cultural norms is a factor in developing social skills in ASD children. It is therefore necessary to develop new assistive technology based on mobile applications that consider Malaysian cultural norms. As a result, the Multimedia Interactive Social Skills Module (MISSM) application was created based on the Addie Model, which offers a systematic process for assisting in developing successful instructional material by fusing instructional theory with learning theory. The MISSM application is based on Malaysia's current social skills curriculum, which helps ASD children become socially competent. Hopefully, it will help them develop better social skills and achieve academically. Finally, local culture-sensitive material for assistive technology based on mobile applications would support Malaysia's adoption of a technology-based teaching and learning strategy and contribute to a better understanding of social skills.
Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals

Assume x[n] is the signal with Fundamental period N=8. Define x. Using MATLAB, plot the signal on the interval-2≤n≤(2N-1)-2.The DTFS can be computed by typing X=(1/N)*fft(x). Plot the real and Imaginary parts of Fourier series coefficients. You can verify analytically that these are the correct values for x[k] -2≤k≤(2N-1)-2; the function ifft can be used to construct a vector x containing x[n] for -≤n≤(2N-1)-2.
Quantum Discord as Optimal Resource for Quantum Communication

Borivoje Dakic1†, Yannick Ole Lipp1†, Xiaosong Ma2,3†, Martin Ringbauer1†, Sebastian Kropatschek3, Stefanie Barz2, Tomasz Paterek4, Vlatko Vedral4,5, Anton Zeilinger2,3, Caslav Brukner1,3 & Philip Walther1,3 1 Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 2 Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 3 Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. 4 Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Block S15, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore. 5 Department of Atomic and Laser Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK. † These authors contributed equally to this work (listed alphabetically). (Dated: March 9, 2012)
Trial watch: chemotherapy-induced immunogenic cell death in oncology

ABSTRACT Immunogenic cell death (ICD) refers to an immunologically distinct process of regulated cell death that activates, rather than suppresses, innate and adaptive immune responses. Such responses culminate into T cell-driven immunity against antigens derived from dying cancer cells. The potency of ICD is dependent on the immunogenicity of dying cells as defined by the antigenicity of these cells and their ability to expose immunostimulatory molecules like damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cytokines like type I interferons (IFNs). Moreover, it is crucial that the host’s immune system can adequately detect the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of these dying cells. Over the years, several well-known chemotherapies have been validated as potent ICD inducers, including (but not limited to) anthracyclines, paclitaxels, and oxaliplatin. Such ICD-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs can serve as important combinatorial partners for anti-cancer immunotherapies against highly immuno-resistant tumors. In this Trial Watch, we describe current trends in the preclinical and clinical integration of ICD-inducing chemotherapy in the existing immuno-oncological paradigms.
Robust planning in domains with stochastic outcomes, adversaries, and partial observability

Real-world planning problems often feature multiple sources of uncertainty, including randomness in outcomes, the presence of adversarial agents, and lack of complete knowledge of the world state. This thesis describes algorithms for four related formal models that can address multiple types of uncertainty: Markov decision processes, MDPs with adversarial costs, extensive-form games, and a new class of games that includes both extensive-form games and MDPs as special cases. Markov decision processes can represent problems where actions have stochastic outcomes. We describe several new algorithms for MDPs, and then show how MDPs can be generalized to model the presence of an adversary that has some control over costs. Extensive-form games can model games with random events and partial observability. In the zero-sum perfect-recall case, a minimax solution can be found in time polynomial in the size of the game tree. However, the game tree must "remember" all past actions and random outcomes, and so the size of the game tree grows exponentially in the length of the game. This thesis introduces a new generalization of extensive-form games that relaxes this need to remember all past actions exactly, producing exponentially smaller representations for interesting problems. Further, this formulation unifies extensive-form games with MOP planning. We present a new class of fast anytime algorithms for the off-line computation of minimax equilibria in both traditional and generalized extensive-form games. Experimental results demonstrate their effectiveness on an adversarial MDP problem and on a large abstracted poker game. We also present a new algorithm for playing repeated extensive-form games that can be used when only the total payoff of the game is observed on each round.
Optimized Patch-based Sampling Texture Synthesis Based on Graph Theory

This paper proposes a new patch-based sample texture synthesis algorithm based on Markov Random Field(MRF) model and otherrelated algorithms.In the new algorithm, the min-cut algorithm of graph theory is adopted to optimize the likelihood of MRF and improves thescanning method from raster scanning to zigzag scanning.The new scanning method can restrain texel's imperfection and texture's orientation.
Pola Kesalahan Berbahasa pada Pembelajaran BIPA Program Darmasiswa

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pola kesalahan berbahasa pada pemelajar BIPA program Darmasiswa. Pembahasan tentang pola kesalahan berbahasa dibagi menjadi tiga tataran, yaitu fonologi, morfologi, dan sintaksis. Data diambil dari hasil produksi tulis berupa jurnal harian mahasiswa dan data tuturan dari interaksi kelas mahasiswa. Hasil analisis menandakan bahwa ditemukan tiga pola kesalahan berbahasa pada tataran fonologi, dua pola kesalahan berbahasa pada tataran morfologi, serta empat pola kesalahan berbahasa pada tataran sintaksis. Pembahasan tentang pola kesalahan berbahasa mahasiswa dilakukan untuk meminimalisir pola kesalahan yang sama tidak terjadi lagi dalam pembelajaran BIPA. Dengan demikian, program pembelajaran BIPA akan lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa Indonesia mahasiswa asing
A Non-Classical Presentation of Erythema Migrans in a 51-Year-Old Woman With Early Manifestation of Lyme Neuroborreliosis (Bannwarth Syndrome)

The authors present a case of a 51-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with general malaise, headache, neck stiffness, and an expanding rash consistent with Lyme neuroborreliosis. In this case report, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of Lyme neuroborreliosis and different presentations of erythema migrans are discussed.
Phase 1b/2 dose expansion, open-label study to evaluate safety and anti-tumor activity of intravesical instillation of TARA-002 in adults with high-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

TPS4618 Background: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system, with over 700,000 individuals living with bladder cancer in the US in 2019. In the US, approximately 80,000 new cases and 18,000 deaths occur each year due to bladder cancer. Approximately 70% of new urothelial bladder cancer cases are classified as non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). With the current Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) shortage and limited effective alternate therapies, there continues to be a significant unmet need for treatment options for patients with NMIBC. TARA-002 is being developed for intravesical instillation for the treatment of high-grade (HG) NMIBC. TARA-002 is a lyophilized biological preparation for instillation containing cells of Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A, type 3) Su strain treated with benzylpenicillin. The chemical characteristics of TARA-002 are intended to be comparable to OK-432. Therefore, nonclinical and clinical evidence with OK-432 and TARA-002 support the ADVANCED-1 study (dose escalation Phase 1a [NCT05085977] and dose expansion Phase 1b/2 [NCT05085990]). The dose for the planned Phase 1b/2 study (ADVANCED-1-Ph1b/2) will be based on the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) established in the Phase 1a study. Methods: ADVANCED-1-Ph1b/2 is a Phase 1b/2, dose expansion, open-label study of intravesical instillation of TARA-002 in adults with HG carcinoma in situ (CIS) NMIBC. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and anti-tumor activity of TARA-002 administered intravesically for the treatment of subjects with CIS NMIBC (± Ta/T1) with active disease. The study includes approximately 102 eligible male and female subjects ≥ 18 years of age enrolled in 2 cohorts based on their prior BCG experience. Cohort A includes subjects unable to obtain BCG or subjects who have not received BCG in the last 24 months prior to CIS diagnosis, and Cohort B includes subjects with CIS who are BCG unresponsive after completion of adequate BCG therapy (at least 5 of 6 doses of an initial induction course plus either at least 2 of 3 doses of maintenance therapy or at least 2 of 6 doses of a second induction course). Those with current or a history of penicillin allergy or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results are excluded. The overall study duration is 6 months/24 weeks per subject for Ph1b/2-Cohort A (includes induction, reinduction [if applicable]), and 24 months/96 weeks per subject for Ph1b/2-Cohort B (includes induction, reinduction [if applicable], maintenance until 18 months). The ADVANCED-1 study started in March 2022. Phase 1a is open for enrollment. Phase 1b/2 is expected to begin enrollment in May 2023. Clinical trial information: NCT05085977 ; NCT05085990 .