Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NANO AND BULK CRYSTALS OF ZnO : SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

Different sized (micro to nano) crystals of zinc oxide were obtained using different techniques of synthesis. Micro sized crystals were obtained by sintering zinc oxide with Di2O3, B2O3 and V2O5 fluxes. For preparing nanocrystals, precursor was prepared from zinc acetate and absolute ethanol. X-ray diffraction patterns of the crystals were obtained which confirm the wurtzite crystal structure of the ZnO phosphors. Scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic images of the prepared samples were recorded from where the particle sizes of the various samples of ZnO were calculated to be varying from 7.8 nm to 3 mm. Synthesized single, microand nano-crystals of ZnO were excited by nitrogen laser. Time resolved hyperbolic decay curves were observed from where various optical parameters such as excited state life-times ranging from 190 ns to 25.30 μs, trapdepths varying from 0.14 eV to 0.27 eV and decay constant lying in between 0.56 to 0.72 were obtained.
FeRh ground state and martensitic transformation

Cubic B2 FeRh exhibits a metamagnetic transition [(111) antiferromagnet (AFM) to ferromagnet (FM)] around 353 K and remains structurally stable at higher temperatures. However, the calculated zero-Kelvin phonons of AFM FeRh exhibit imaginary modes at M-points in the Brillouin zone, indicating a premartensitic instability, which is a precursor to a martensitic transformation at low temperatures. Combining electronic-structure calculations with ab initio molecular dynamics, conjugate gradient relaxation, and the solid-state nudged-elastic band (SSNEB) methods, we predict that AFM B2 FeRh becomes unstable at ambient pressure and transforms without a barrier to an AFM(111) orthorhombic (martensitic) groundstate below 90K. We also consider competing structures, in particular, a tetragonal AFM(100) phase that is not the global groundstate, as proposed [Phys. Rev. B 94, 180407(R) (2016)], but a constrained solution.
A modified Friedmann equation for a system with varying gravitational mass

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detection of gravitational waves that take away 5% of the total mass of two merging black holes points out on the importance of considering varying gravitational mass of a system. Using an assumption that the energy-momentum pseudo-tensor of gravitational waves is not considered as a source of gravitational field, we analyse a perturbation of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric caused by the varying gravitational mass of a system. This perturbation leads to a modified Friedmann equation that contains a term similar to the 'cosmological constant'. Theoretical estimates of the effective cosmological constant quantitatively corresponds to observed cosmological acceleration.
Automatic Determination of $n$-Cyanobiphenyl Elastic Constants from Molecular Simulation

New applications of liquid crystalline materials have increased the need for precise engineering of elastic properties. Recently, Sidky et al. presented methods by which the elastic coefficients of molecular models with atomistic detail can be accurately calculated, demonstrating the result for the ubiquitous mesogen 5CB. In this work, these techniques are applied to the homologous series of nCB materials, focusing on the standard bend, twist, and splay deformations, using an entirely automated process. Our results show strong agreement with published experimental measurements for the nCBs and present a path forward to computational molecular engineering of liquid crystal elasticity for novel molecules and mixtures.
MyoD-Induced Trans-Differentiation: A Paradigm for Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Commitment, Differentiation and Reprogramming

The discovery of the skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor MyoD represents a milestone in the field of transcriptional regulation during differentiation and cell-fate reprogramming. MyoD was the first tissue-specific factor found capable of converting non-muscle somatic cells into skeletal muscle cells. A unique feature of MyoD, with respect to other lineage-specific factors able to drive trans-differentiation processes, is its ability to dramatically change the cell fate even when expressed alone. The present review will outline the molecular strategies by which MyoD reprograms the transcriptional regulation of the cell of origin during the myogenic conversion, focusing on the activation and coordination of a complex network of co-factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Some molecular roadblocks, found to restrain MyoD-dependent trans-differentiation, and the possible ways for overcoming these barriers, will also be discussed. Indeed, they are of critical importance not only to expand our knowledge of basic muscle biology but also to improve the generation skeletal muscle cells for translational research.
Performance evaluation for multiple DSSS systems with channel bands overlapped

This paper conducts performance evaluation for a code division multiple access (CDMA) system which is interfered by another neighboring CDMA system. Both systems are assumed to adopt direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) techniques and have the same carrier frequency. Automatic power control (APC) is assumed to be implemented in the interfered system such that all the users deliver the same power to the receivers. Approximation of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is derived by which the performance figure can be achieved with least expensive computational cost. By conducting a variety of analyses we show that our analytical formulation is very close to simulation results under certain conditions.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF PM10 AND SO2 CONCENTRATION WITH THE USE OF GIS IN SOUTHEASTERN ANATOLIA REGION CITIES OF TURKEY (2010-2020)

This study aims to determine the effect of the mandatory use of natural gas for heating to prevent air pollution in 2020 in 9 provinces in the Southeast Anatolian Region (SAR), the fastest developing region of Turkey, that were using coal for heating in 2010. Monthly PM 10 and SO 2 concentrations of SAR provinces in 2010 and 2020 were analysed and evaluated by means of GIS-IDW mapping method. As a result of the 12-month evaluation, it was determined that the use of natural gas, especially in the winter months, reduced the PM 10 and SO 2 , while it didn’t reduce the amount of SO 2 in provinces with high population growth and increased number of vehicles (an increase of 288% in vehicles in Kilis and an increase of 35% in population in Sanliurfa). Regarding Turkey's SAR border provinces, it was determined that PM was transported atmospherically from the Sahara, Syrian and Arabian Peninsula desert in the spring and autumn months both in 2010 and 2020, and therefore an increase was found in PM 10 by the HYSPLIT model. The countries are recommended to measure the PM 10 and SO 2 daily, which directly affect human health, create maps and develop policies to reduce the values.
Base molecular y celular de la cardiopatía congénita

La incidencia de cardiopatia congenita (CC) afecta a 1 de cada 100 nacidos vivos y es responsable de la mayoria de las muertes prenatales [1,2]. La incidencia de formas moderadas y graves de CC es, aproximadamente, de 3 a 6 por 1.000 nacidos vivos [2]. Por lo tanto, cerca del 1% de la poblacion neonatal tiene importantes anomalias estructurales del corazon, las valvulas cardiacas o los vasos sanguineos con repercusion funcional. Es probable que esta cifra referida constituya una infravaloracion de este problema, ya que muchas anomalias comunes no siempre solicitan asistencia especializada, como la persistencia no diagnosticada del ductus arterial, las anomalias del cayado aortico, la valvula aortica bicuspidea o las pequenas comunicaciones interauriculares o interventriculares [2]. La gravedad de las anomalias oscila entre la simple persistencia de la circulacion fetal (foramen oval permeable, persistencia del ductus arterial) y los defectos anatomicos complejos como la transposicion de los grandes vasos, las anomalias de ventriculo unico, el sindrome de hipoplasia del corazon izquierdo y los sindromes de heterotaxia. Aunque se han realizado significativos avances en la delimitacion de los mecanismos moleculares y la base genetica de la formacion del corazon y la CC [3], persisten varias preguntas sin respuesta acerca de la complejidad y la progresion de la enferme-
Non-local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Abundance Analyses of the Extreme Helium Stars V652 Her and HD 144941

Optical high-resolution spectra of V652 Her and HD 144941, the two extreme helium stars with exceptionally low C/He ratios, have been subjected to a non-LTE abundance analysis using the tools TLUSTY and SYNSPEC. Defining atmospheric parameters were obtained from a grid of non-LTE atmospheres and a variety of spectroscopic indicators including He i and He ii line profiles, and the ionization equilibrium of ion pairs such as C ii/C iii and N ii/N iii. The various indicators provide a consistent set of atmospheric parameters: Teff = 25,000 ± 300 K, log g = 3.10 ± 0.12(cgs), and ξ = 13 ± 2 km s−1 are provided for V652 Her, and Teff = 22,000 ± 600 K, log g = 3.45 ± 0.15 (cgs), and ξ = 10 km s−1 are provided for HD 144941. In contrast to the non-LTE analyses, the LTE analyses—LTE atmospheres and an LTE line analysis—with the available indicators do not provide a consistent set of atmospheric parameters. The principal non-LTE effect on the elemental abundances is on the neon abundance. It is generally considered that these extreme helium stars with their very low C/He ratio result from the merger of two helium white dwarfs. Indeed, the derived composition of V652 Her is in excellent agreement with predictions by Zhang & Jeffery, who model the slow merger of helium white dwarfs; a slow merger results in the merged star having the composition of the accreted white dwarf. In the case of HD 144941, which appears to have evolved from metal-poor stars, a slow merger is incompatible with the observed composition but variations of the merger rate may account for the observed composition. More detailed theoretical studies of the merger of a pair of helium white dwarfs are to be encouraged.
Higher-order harmonic generation caused by elliptically polarized electric fields in solid-state materials

We theoretically investigated the dependence of higher-order harmonic generation (HHG) in solid-state materials on the ellipticity of the electric field. We found that in the multiphoton absorption and ac Zener regimes, the intensity of HHG monotonically decreases with increasing ellipticity of the incident electric field, while in the semimetal regime, the intensity reaches a maximum for finite values of ellipticity. Moreover, the characteristics of the polarization of the emitted HHG change depending on the field intensity; only parallel emissions with respect to the major axis exist in the multiphoton absorption and ac Zener regimes, while both parallel and perpendicular emissions exist in the semimetal regime. These peculiar characteristics of the semimetal regime can be understood on the basis of changes in the HHG mechanism and may be able to be identified in experiments utilizing solid-state materials such as narrow-gap semiconductors.
Weak-lensing measurement of the mass–richness relation using the SDSS data base

We study the mass-richness relation using galaxy catalogues and images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We use two independent methods, in the first one, we calibrate the scaling relation with weak-lensing mass estimates. In the second procedure we apply a background subtraction technique to derive the probability distribution, $P(M \mid N)$, that groups with $N$-members have a virialized halo mass $M$. Lensing masses are derived in different richness bins for two galaxy systems sets: the maxBCG catalogue and a catalogue based on a group finder algorithm developed by Yang et al. MaxBCG results are used to test the lensing methodology. The lensing mass-richness relation for the Yang et al. group sample shows a good agreement with $P(M \mid N)$ obtained independently with a straightforward procedure.
A RIXS investigation of the crystal-field splitting of Sm$^{3+}$ in SmB$_6$

The crystal-ﬁeld (CF) splitting of the 6 H 5 / 2 Hund’s rule ground state of Sm 3+ in the strongly correlated topological insulator SmB 6 has been determined with high resolution resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Sm M 5 edge. The valence selectivity of RIXS allows isolating the crystal-ﬁeld-split excited multiplets of the Sm 3+ (4 f 5 ) conﬁguration from those of Sm 2+ (4 f 6 ) in intermediate valent SmB 6 . The very large energy range of RIXS allows the crystal-ﬁeld analysis of a high lying multiplet at about 2.4 eV that has the same total angular momentum J as the ground state so that ambiguities due to the elastic tail can be avoided. We ﬁnd that the Γ 7 doublet and Γ 8 quartet of the 6 H 5 / 2 Hund’s rule ground state are split by ∆ CF 6 H 5 / 2 = 20 ± 10 meV which sets an upper limit for the 4 f band width. This indicates an extremely large mass renormalization from the band structure value, pointing out the need to consider the coeﬃcients of fractional parentage for the hopping of the 4 f electrons.
Ecological and Oceanographic Perspectives in Future Marine Fungal Taxonomy

Marine fungi are an ecological rather than a taxonomic group that has been widely researched. Significant progress has been made in documenting their phylogeny, biodiversity, ultrastructure, ecology, physiology, and capacity for degradation of lignocellulosic compounds. This review (concept paper) summarizes the current knowledge of marine fungal diversity and provides an integrated and comprehensive view of their ecological roles in the world’s oceans. Novel terms for ‘semi marine fungi’ and ‘marine fungi’ are proposed based on the existence of fungi in various oceanic environments. The major maritime currents and upwelling that affect species diversity are discussed. This paper also forecasts under-explored regions with a greater diversity of marine taxa based on oceanic currents. The prospects for marine and semi-marine mycology are highlighted, notably, technological developments in culture-independent sequencing approaches for strengthening our present understanding of marine fungi’s ecological roles.
Scaling attractors in multi-field inflation

Multi-field inflation with a curved scalar geometry has been found to support background trajectories that violate the slow-roll, slow-turn conditions and thus have the potential to evade the swampland constraints. In order to understand how generic this novel behaviour is and what conditions lead to it, we perform a classification of dynamical attractors of two-field inflation that are of the scaling type. Scaling solutions form a one-parameter generalization of De Sitter solutions with a constant value of the first Hubble flow parameter ϵ and, as we argue and demonstrate, form a natural starting point for the study of non-slow-roll slow-turn behaviour. All scaling solutions can be classified as critical points of a specific dynamical system. We recover known multi-field inflationary attractors as approximate scaling solutions and classify their stability using dynamical system techniques. In particular, we discover that dynamical bifurcations play an integral role in the transition between geodesic and non-geodesic motion and discuss the ability of scaling solutions to describe realistic multi-field models. We revisit the criteria for background stability and show cases where the usual criteria found in the literature do not capture the background evolution of the system.
The joys and pitfalls of Fermi surface mapping in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d using angle resolved photoemission

: On the basis of angle-scanned photoemission data recorded using unpolarized radiation, with high (E,k) resolution, and an extremely dense sampling of k space, we resolve the current controversy regarding the normal state Fermi surface (FS) in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta). The true picture is simple, self-consistent, and robust: the FS is holelike, with the form of rounded tubes centered on the corners of the Brillouin zone. Two further types of features are also clearly observed: shadow FSs, which are most likely to be due to short range antiferromagnetic spin correlations, and diffraction replicas of the main FS caused by passage of the photoelectrons through the modulated Bi-O planes.
Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets

We present a catalog of nearby exoplanets. It contains the 172 known low-mass companions with orbits established through radial velocity and transit measurements around stars within 200 pc. We include five previously unpublished exoplanets orbiting the stars HD 11964, HD 66428, HD 99109, HD 107148, and HD 164922. We update orbits for 83 additional exoplanets, including many whose orbits have not been revised since their announcement, and include radial velocity time series from the Lick, Keck, and Anglo-Australian Observatory planet searches. Both these new and previously published velocities are more precise here due to improvements in our data reduction pipeline, which we applied to archival spectra. We present a brief summary of the global properties of the known exoplanets, including their distributions of orbital semimajor axis, minimum mass, and orbital eccentricity.
Exact likelihood evaluations and foreground marginalization in low resolution WMAP data

The existing analysis of WMAP data is based on approximations for the likelihood function, which is likely to be inaccurate on large scales. Here we present exact evaluations of the likelihood of the low multipoles by direct inversion of the theoretical covariance matrix for low resolution WMAP maps. We project out the unwanted galactic contaminants rather than subtract them, which can remove some of the cosmological signal and may lead to a suppression of power. We find an increase in power at low multipoles. For the quadrupole the maximum likelihood values are rather uncertain and vary between 140-220\muK^2. On the other hand, the probability distribution away from the peak is robust and, assuming a uniform prior between 0 an 2000\muK^2, the probability of having the true value above 1200\muK^2 (as predicted by the simplest Lambda CDM model) is 10%, a factor of 2.5 higher than predicted by WMAP likelihood code. We develop a fast likelihood evaluation routine that can be used instead of WMAP routines for low l values. We apply it to the MCMC analysis to compare the cosmological parameters between the two cases. The new analysis of WMAP either alone or jointly with SDSS and VSA reduces the reported 2-sigma evidence for running to less than 1-sigma, giving \alpha_s=-0.022\pm 0.033 for the combined case. The new analysis prefers about 1-sigma lower value of Omega_m, a consequence of an increased ISW contribution required by the increase in the spectrum at low l. These results suggest that the details of foreground removal and full likelihood analysis are important for the parameter estimation from WMAP data and these methods should be particularly useful in the analysis of polarisation, where foreground contamination may be much more severe.
Actualización en lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste en pediatría

Contexto: la lesión renal aguda inducida por contraste se ha convertido en un tema de gran interés en la comunidad médica a nivel mundial, siendo la tercera causa de lesión renal aguda adquirida en el hospital. Objetivo: el presente artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura con el fin de actualizar los conceptos de esta patología en el personal de la salud que está en contacto con la población pediátrica y que es sometida a procedimientos con medios de contraste. Metodología: en esta revisión narrativa de la literatura, presentamos la definición, los factores de riesgo, el enfoque clínico y las medidas preventivas de la nefropatía inducida por contraste en pediatría. Resultados: se define que hay un deterioro en la función renal aguda después de la administración del medio de contraste en donde se excluyen otras posibles etiologías y se establece una verdadera relación causal con la sustancia. Los factores de riesgo son múltiples, sin embargo, factores estrictamente relacionados en los niños no han sido establecidos en su totalidad. El abordaje de los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a estudios con medios de contraste inicia desde una historia clínica, un examen físico y unas medidas de laboratorio que permiten evaluar el estado basal de cada paciente para instaurar medidas preventivas. Por su parte, las estrategias de prevención de esta condición son múltiples, sin embargo, no existen guías basadas en la evidencia acerca de esta condición en el paciente pediátrico. Conclusiones: el artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre lesión renal aguda para actualizar los conceptos de esta patología en el personal de la salud que está en contacto con la población pediátrica que se somete a procedimientos con medios de contraste.
Role of SALL4 in HER2+ Breast Cancer Progression: Regulating PI3K/AKT Pathway

Treatment for the HER2+ breast cancer subtype is still unsatisfactory, despite breakthroughs in research. The discovery of various new molecular mechanisms of transcription factors may help to make treatment regimens more effective. The transcription factor SALL4 has been related to aggressiveness and resistance therapy in cancer. Its molecular mechanisms and involvement in various signaling pathways are unknown in the HER2+ breast cancer subtype. In this study, we have evaluated the implication of SALL4 in the HER2+ subtype through its expression in patients’ samples and gain and loss of function in HER2+ cell lines. We found higher SALL4 expression in breast cancer tissues compared to healthy tissue. Interestingly, high SALL4 expression was associated with disease relapse and poor patient survival. In HER2+ cell lines, transient overexpression of SALL4 modulates PI3K/AKT signaling through regulating PTEN expression and BCL2, which increases cell survival and proliferation while reducing the efficacy of trastuzumab. SALL4 has also been observed to regulate the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness features. SALL4 overexpression significantly reduced the epithelial markers E-cadherin, while it increased the mesenchymal markers β-catenin, vimentin and fibronectin. Furthermore, it has been also observed an increased expression of MYC, an essential transcription factor for regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and/or cancer stem cells. Our study demonstrates, for the first time, the importance of SALL4 in the HER2+ subtype and partial regulation of trastuzumab sensitivity. It provides a viable molecular mechanism-driven therapeutic strategy for an important subset of HER2-overexpressing patients whose malignancies are mediated by SALL4 expression.
Some thoughts on constructing a microscopic theory with holographic degrees of freedom

Holographic principle states that the maximum entropy of a system is its boundary area in Planck units. However, such a holographic entropy cannot be realized by the conventional quantum field theory. We need a new microscopic theory which naturally possesses all the holographic degrees of freedom. In this paper, we provide some preliminary thoughts on how to construct a theory with holographic degrees of freedom. It may shed light on the understanding of quantum properties of gravity and the early stage of the universe.