Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro digestibility of Kudzu‐resistant starch prepared by different methods

Abstract Three different methods, including autoclaving, autoclaving–debranching, and purification, were used to prepare Kudzu‐resistant starch (KRS) from Kudzu starch (KS). The physicochemical properties, such as thermodynamic properties, pasting properties, solubility, swelling, and coagulability, as well as the in vitro digestive characteristics of the three kinds of KRS were studied. The results showed that the morphology of starch granules of KRS prepared by autoclave, autoclave enzymatic hydrolysis, and purification methods was changed and the relative crystallinity was significantly decreased compared with the original starch. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) showed that KRS exists in the form of C and C+V crystalline form. There was a significant increase in the pasting temperature and a remarkable decrease in the peak viscosity and the expansion degree of the KRS prepared by all three methods. The solubility of the resistant starch (RS) obtained by autoclaving–debranching and that by purification were both increased compared to that of native KS, while the solubility of the RS obtained by autoclaving was decreased. Meanwhile, the retrogradation of the three RS was also improved to varying degrees. The contents of RS in the samples were: P‐KRS (71%) > DA‐KRS (43%) > A‐KRS (42%) > KS (9%). Simulated human in vitro digestion experiments showed that RS has stronger antidigestibility properties than native starch. Among them, the RS prepared by the purification method has stronger antidigestive properties, and it is predicted that it may have a better potential value in regulating blood glucose. These results indicated that the processing properties of KRS, especially the digestibility, are significantly improved and can be used as a new functional food ingredient, which deserves thorough study.
Microwave Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoparticles Using Response Surface Methodology for Tribological Application

We used response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) model to optimize the synthesis time and temperature of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles using the flexiWAVE microwave. Furthermore, the synthesized MoS2 nanoparticles were used in SAE 20W50 diesel engine oil to study the tribological properties according to ASTM standards using a four-ball tribotester. The optimization result shows that the synthesis temperature and time for the MoS2 nanoparticles in the microwave were ~200 °C and ~15 min, respectively, with a coefficient of friction (COF) and average wear scar diameter (WSD) of 0.0849 and 320 μm. Furthermore, the difference between the experimental and predicted values was minimal (1.88% (COF) and 0.625% (WSD)), which was similar to the optimization model.
Nucleolus and Nucleolar Stress: From Cell Fate Decision to Disease Development

Besides the canonical function in ribosome biogenesis, there have been significant recent advances towards the fascinating roles of the nucleolus in stress response, cell destiny decision and disease progression. Nucleolar stress, an emerging concept describing aberrant nucleolar structure and function as a result of impaired rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis under stress conditions, has been linked to a variety of signaling transductions, including but not limited to Mdm2-p53, NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. Studies have uncovered that nucleolus is a stress sensor and signaling hub when cells encounter various stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, DNA damage and oxidative and thermal stress. Consequently, nucleolar stress plays a pivotal role in the determination of cell fate, such as apoptosis, senescence, autophagy and differentiation, in response to stress-induced damage. Nucleolar homeostasis has been involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, particularly tumorigenesis, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Mechanistic insights have revealed the indispensable role of nucleolus-initiated signaling in the progression of these diseases. Accordingly, the intervention of nucleolar stress may pave the path for developing novel therapies against these diseases. In this review, we systemically summarize recent findings linking the nucleolus to stress responses, signaling transduction and cell-fate decision, set the spotlight on the mechanisms by which nucleolar stress drives disease progression, and highlight the merit of the intervening nucleolus in disease treatment.
THE OUTER DISKS OF EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES. II. SURFACE-BRIGHTNESS PROFILES OF UNBARRED GALAXIES AND TRENDS WITH HUBBLE TYPE

We present azimuthally averaged radial profiles of R-band surface brightness for a complete sample of 47 early-type, unbarred galaxies, as a complement to our previous study of early-type barred galaxies. Following very careful sky subtraction, the profiles can typically be determined down to brightness levels well below 27 mag arcsec−2 and in the best cases below 28 mag arcsec−2. We classified the profiles according to the scheme used previously for the barred sample: Type I profiles are single unbroken exponential radial declines in brightness; Type II profiles (“truncations”) have an inner shallow slope (usually exponential) which changes at a well-defined break radius to a steeper exponential; and Type III profiles (“antitruncations”) have an inner exponential that is steeper, giving way to a shallower outer (usually exponential) decline. By combining these profiles with previous studies, we can make the first clear statements about the trends of outer-disk-profile types along the Hubble sequence (including both barred and unbarred galaxies), and their global frequencies. We find that Type I profiles are most frequent in early-type disks, decreasing from one-third of all S0–Sa disks to barely 10% of the latest-type spirals. Conversely, Type II profiles (truncations) increase in frequency with Hubble type, from only ∼25% of S0 galaxies to ∼80% of Sd–Sm spirals. Overall, the fractions of Type I, II, and III profiles for all disk galaxies (Hubble types S0–Sm) are 21%, 50%, and 38%, respectively; this includes galaxies (∼8% of the total) with composite Type II+III profiles (counted twice). Finally, we note the presence of bars in 10 galaxies previously classified (optically) as “unbarred. ” This suggests that ∼20% of optically unbarred galaxies are actually barred; the bars in such cases can be weak, obscured by dust, or so large as to be mistaken for the main disk of the galaxy.
Detection probability of a low‐mass planet for triple lens events: implication of properties of binary‐lens superposition

In view of the assumption that any planetary system is likely to be composed of more than one planet, and that a multiple planet system with a large-mass planet has a greater chance of detailed follow-up observations, the multiple planet system may be an efficient way to search for sub-Jovian planets. We study the central region of the magnification pattern for the triple lens system composed of a star, a Jovian mass planet and a low-mass planet to answer the question of if the low-mass planet can be detected in high-magnification events. We compare the magnification pattern of the triple lens system with that of a best-fitted binary system composed of a star and a Jovian mass planet, and check the probability of detecting the low-mass secondary planet whose signature will be superposed on that of the primary Jovian mass planet. Detection probabilities of the low-mass planet in the triple lens system are quite similar to the probability of detecting such a low-mass planet in a binary system with a star and only a low-mass planet, which shows that the signature of a low-mass planet can be effectively detected even when it is concurrent with the signature of the more massive planet, implying that the binary superposition approximation works over a relatively broad range of planet mass ratio and separations, and the inaccuracies thereof do not significantly affect the detection probability of the lower-mass secondary planet. Since the signature of the Jovian mass planet will be larger and lasting longer, thereby warranting more intensive follow-up observations, the actual detection rate of the low-mass planet in a triple system with a Jovian mass can be significantly higher than that in a binary system with a low-mass planet only. We conclude that it may be worthwhile to develop an efficient algorithm to search for ‘super-Earth’ planets in the paradigm of the triple lens model for high-magnification microlensing events.
Optique et phénomène de moiré : Le moiré comme interféromètre graphique

Les figures de moiré offrent au regard des images très esthétiques mais aussi des animations très spectaculaires. Dans cette « Pommade », on montre que le mécanisme du moiré constitue pour étudiants et enseignants un moyen simple mais efficace pour illustrer les caractéristiques des phénomènes périodiques, en particulier ceux associés à l'Optique ondulatoire. On mettra en évidence la simplicité des montages et des simulations visuellement très explicites où apparaît un moiré, dans des configurations statiques mais aussi dynamiques. Parmi l'ensemble de ses applications, on exposera la méthode du « moiré d'ombre » dans l'étude d'une surface en la comparant à l'analyse interférométrique d'un relief. Corrélation, modulation et repliement de spectre seront aussi évoqués.
Improved LPTN-Based Online Temperature Prediction of Permanent Magnet Machines by Global Parameter Identification

This article presents an improved lumped parameter thermal network (LPTN) based online temperature prediction method of permanent magnet (PM) machines by global parameter identification. The proposed global parameter identification incorporates not only the loss but also the magnetic information into a fifth-order LPTN and identifies the multiphysical magneto-thermal parameters as a whole. In the identification process, the nonlinear characteristics, including the magnetic saturation, the cross-saturation, the strand skin effect, and the speed-dependent convective heat transfer, are all considered. It can eliminate the cumbersome magnetic and loss measurement efforts and improve the overall identification accuracy compared with the traditional step by step identification method. Based on the identified multiphysical magneto-thermal model, the critical temperatures of the PM machines, together with the online losses and torque, can then be predicted in real time. The experimental results show that the proposed online temperature prediction method can track the real temperature variation with errors within 5 °C.
In Vitro Propagation of Sweet Potato1

In vitro propagation of 2 selections of white-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) was obtained on modified Murashige and Skoog media using lateral buds and shoot apices as primary explants. Cultivars differed in response to exogenous levels of growth substances and in rate of proliferation. Optimum shoot regeneration from ‘White Star’ explants was induced by 1 mg/liter benzyladenine (BA) and from Plant Introduction (PI) 315343 by 1 mg/liter kinetin with 1 mg/liter indoleacetic acid (IAA).
MULTIPLEXING PRECISION RVs: SEARCHING FOR CLOSE-IN GAS GIANTS IN OPEN CLUSTERS

We present a multiplexed high-resolution (R ∼ 50,000 median) spectroscopic survey designed to detect exoplanet candidates in two southern star clusters (NGC 2516 and NGC 2422) using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) on the Magellan/Clay telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. With 128 available fibers in our observing mode, we are able to target every star in the core half-degree of each cluster that could plausibly be a solar-analog member. Our template-based spectral fits provide precise measurements of fundamental stellar properties—Teff (±30 K), [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] (±0.02 dex), and (±0.3 km s−1)—and radial velocities (RVs) by using telluric absorption features from 7160 to 7290 Å as a wavelength reference for 251 mid-F to mid-K stars (126 in NGC 2516 and 125 in NGC 2422) that comprise our survey. In each cluster, we have obtained ∼10–12 epochs of our targets. Using repeat observations of an RV standard star, we show our approach can attain a single-epoch velocity precision of 25–60 m s−1 over a broad range of signal-to-noise ratios throughout our observational baseline of 1.1 years. Our technique is suitable for nonrapidly rotating stars cooler than mid-F. In this paper, we describe our observational sample and analysis methodology and present a detailed study of the attainable precision and measurement capabilities of our approach. Subsequent papers will provide results for stars observed in the target clusters, analyze our data set of RV time series for stellar jitter and stellar and substellar companions, and consider the implications of our findings on the clusters themselves.
Bosonic string quantization in a static gauge

The bosonic string in D-dimensional Minkowski space–time is quantized in a static gauge. It is shown that the system can be described by D − 1 massless free fields constrained on the surface Lm = 0, for m ≠ 0, where Lm are the generators of conformal transformations. The free fields are quantized and the physical states are selected by the conditions Lm|Ψph〉 = 0, for m > 0. The Poincaré group generators on the physical Hilbert space are constructed and the critical dimension D = 26 is recovered from the commutation relations of the boost operators. The equivalence with the covariant quantization is established. A possible generalization to the AdS string dynamics is discussed.
A Rapid, Convergent Approach to the Identification of Exosome Inhibitors in Breast Cancer Models

Targeting cancer cell exosome release and biogenesis represents a potentially efficient means to treat tumors and prevent cancer recurrence/metastasis; however, the complexity and time-consuming nature of currently employed methods to purify and characterize exosomes represent obstacles to progression. Herein, we describe a rapid, convergent, and cost-efficient strategy to analyze candidate U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that inhibit exosome release and/or biogenesis using breast cancer cell line models in the hope of repurposing them for the clinical treatment of metastatic tumors. We combined the ExoScreen assay based on AlphaScreenTM technology with the antibody-mediated detection of an atypical lipid (lysobisphosphatidic acid - LBPA) present in the intra-luminal vesicle/exosomal fraction to achieve both extracellular and intracellular information on exosome modulation after treatment. As proof of concept for this strategy, we identified docetaxel, biscurcumin, primaquine, and doxorubicin as potential exosome release inhibitors in the Her-2 positive MDA-MB-453 and luminal A MCF7 cell lines. Dinaciclib also functioned as an exosome release inhibitor in MCF7 cells. Further, we explored the expression of proteins involved in exosome biogenesis (TSG101, CD9 tetraspanin, Alix, SMase2) and release (Rab11, Rab27) to decipher and validate the possible molecular mechanisms of action of the identified exosome inhibitors. We anticipate that our approach could help to create robust high-throughput screening methodologies to accelerate drug repurposing when using FDA-approved compound libraries and to develop rationally-designed single/combination therapies (including nanomedicines) that can target metastasis progression by modulating exosome biogenesis or release in various tumor types.
Introduction: Uneven geographies of electricity capital

This special issue considers the relationship between energy, capitalism, and space through the lens of electricity capital. Electricity capital is the nexus of state, regulatory, and financial relationships that shape private accumulation through electricity provision. Although electricity provision is marked by immense historical and geographical diversity, the papers in this special issue work to theorize it as a core fraction of capital to draw into focus continuities and disruptions in capital flows amid the transition from fossil fuels to a diversity of clean sources. This special issue bridges debates in critical energy studies, economic geography, and political ecology on the possibilities of economic transformation through clean energy infrastructure by examining the dialectic between private accumulation through electrification and labor, environmental, and environmental justice organizing for “energy justice. ” This special issue sheds light on the contradictory social relations that shape electrical power provision. We understand that electricity is seen not only as an energy source but also as an investment opportunity, a climate change mitigation strategy, an employment prospect, a component of economic development, and a site of democratic, community organizing. In so doing, we analyze the regulatory, financial, and infrastructural impediments to energy justice and international struggles to decarbonize the power sector to address climate change and to achieve universal and equitable electricity service.
Insulation Reinforcement for Cable Connector of CRH2 Electric Multiple Unit Under Standard Lightning Impulse Voltage

In order to improve the insulation capacity of cable connector (Cc) in the high voltage equipment box (Hveb), this article proposes an optimization scheme that does not change the size of the Hveb and the structure of Cc fittings. In this article, the change in the impulse voltage withstand value of Cc after installing insulating sheath was verified by the lightning impulse flashover test. Based on the finite-element software and the structure of Cc fittings, a special shaped shielding ring (Sr) was designed to adjust the partial area where the electric field intensity are concentrated. Besides, the optimal parameters of the Sr under different working conditions were determined by the orthogonal design. Finally, utilizing ultraviolet (UV) imaging technology and image processing method, the discharge intensity of Cc fittings were characterized. The results demonstrate that with the combination of insulation measures, the impulse voltage withstand value of Cc can be increased from 155 to 235 kV. The maximum electric field strength on the surface of bolts and metal electrode can be reduced by 57.8% and 72%; UV discharge facular area had an exponential relationship with the applied voltage, the initial discharge voltage of Cc can increase by 243% after installing the Sr.
Chemically Induced Compatible Interface in Pyrolyzed Bacterial Cellulose/Graphene Sandwich for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Herein, a three-step approach toward a multi-layered porous PBC/graphene sandwich has been developed, in which the chemical bonding interactions have been successfully enhanced via esterification between the layers of pyrolyzed bacterial cellulose (PBC) and graphene. Such a chemically induced compatible interface has been demonstrated to contribute significantly to the mass transfer efficiency when the PBC/graphene sandwich is deployed as electrode material for both supercapacitors and lithium–sulfur batteries. The high specific capacitance of the supercapacitors has been increased by three times, to 393 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. A high initial discharge specific capacity (~1100 mAhg−1) and high coulombic efficiency (99% after 300 cycles) of the rPG/S-based lithium–sulfur batteries have been achieved.
Zero-Lag Synchronization in Spatiotemporal Chaotic Systems with Long Range Delay Couplings

We study the synchronization of spatiotemporal chaos patterns between two delay-coupled excitable layers. It is found that zero-lag synchronization (ZLS) can be achieved by dynamical relay via a third mediating layer. Based on simulations with large parameter ranges, we investigate the influences of time delay and coupling strength on transition time. ZLS with a stronger coupling strength and shorter time delay appears to have a shorter transition time. This phenomenon has possible implications in network communication.
Developing a Cold-Related Mortality Database in Bangladesh

The aim of this study was to develop a database of historical cold-related mortality in Bangladesh using information obtained from online national newspapers and to analyze such data to understand the spatiotemporal distribution, demographic dynamics, and causes of deaths related to cold temperatures in winter. We prepared a comprehensive database containing information relating to the winter months (December to February) of 2009–2021 for the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh and systematically removed redundant records. We found that 1249 people died in Bangladesh during this period due to cold and cold-related illnesses, with an average of 104.1 deaths per year. The maximum number of cold-related deaths (36.51%) occurred in the Rangpur Division. The numbers were much higher here than in the other divisions because Rangpur has the lowest average monthly air temperature during the winter months and the poorest socioeconomic conditions. The primary peak of cold-related mortality occurred during 21–31 December, when cold fronts from the Himalayas entered Bangladesh through the Rangpur Division in the north. A secondary peak occurred on 11–20 January each year. Our results also showed that most of the cold-related mortality cases occurred when the daily maximum temperature was lower than 21 °C. Demographically, the highest number of deaths was observed in children aged six years and under (50.68%), followed by senior citizens 65 years and above (20.42%). Fewer females died than males, but campfire burns were the primary cause of female deaths. Most mortality in Bangladesh was due to the cold (75.5%), cold-triggered illness (10.65%), and campfire burns (5.8%). The results of this research will assist policymakers in understanding the importance of taking necessary actions that protect vulnerable public health from cold-related hazards in Bangladesh.
A Keplerian Limit to Static Spherical Spacetimes in Curvature Coordinates

The problem of a test body in the Schwarzschild geometry is investigated in a Keplerian limit. Beginning with the Schwarzschild metric, a solution to the limited case of approximately elliptical (Keplerian) motion is derived in terms of trigonometric functions. This solution is similar in form to that derived from Newtonian mechanics, and includes first-order corrections describing three effects due to general relativity: precession; reduced radial coordinate; and increased eccentricity. The quantitative prediction of increased eccentricity may provide an additional observational test of general relativity. By analogy with Keplerian orbits, approximate orbital energy parameters are defined in terms of a relativistic eccentricity, providing first-order corrections to Newtonian energies for elliptical orbits. The first-order relativistic equation of orbit is demonstrated to be a limiting case of a very accurate self-consistent solution. This self-consistent solution is supported by exact numerical solutions to the Schwarzschild geometry, displaying remarkable agreement. A more detailed energy parameterization is investigated using the relativistic eccentricity together with the apsides derived from the relativistic effective potential in support of the approximate energy parameters defined using only first-order corrections. The methods and approximations describing this Keplerian limit are applied to more general static spherically-symmetric geometries. Specifically, equations of orbit and energy parameters are also derived in this Keplerian limit for the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m and Schwarzschild-de Sitter metrics.