Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Potential Drug Targets for Cholesterol Regulation to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

Despite extensive research and seven approved drugs, the complex interplay of genes, proteins, and pathways in Alzheimer’s disease remains a challenge. This implies the intricacies of the mechanism for Alzheimer’s disease, which involves the interaction of hundreds of genes, proteins, and pathways. While the major hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease are the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, excessive accumulation of cholesterol is reportedly correlated with Alzheimer’s disease patients. In this work, protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted based upon the genes from a clinical database to identify the top protein targets with most data-indicated involvement in Alzheimer’s disease, which include ABCA1, CYP46A1, BACE1, TREM2, GSK3B, and SREBP2. The reactions and pathways associated with these genes were thoroughly studied for their roles in regulating brain cholesterol biosynthesis, amyloid beta accumulation, and tau protein tangle formation. Existing clinical trials for each protein target were also investigated. The research indicated that the inhibition of SREBP2, BACE1, or GSK3B is beneficial to reduce cholesterol and amyloid beta accumulation, while the activation of ABCA1, CYP46A1, or TREM2 has similar effects. In this study, Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2) emerged as the primary protein target. SREBP2 serves a pivotal role in maintaining cholesterol balance, acting as a transcription factor that controls the expression of several enzymes pivotal for cholesterol biosynthesis. Novel studies suggest that SREBP2 performs a multifaceted role in Alzheimer’s disease. The hyperactivity of SREBP2 may lead to heightened cholesterol biosynthesis, which suggested association with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Lowering SREBP2 levels in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model results in reduced production of amyloid-beta, a major contributor to Alzheimer’s disease progression. Moreover, its thoroughly analyzed crystal structure allows for computer-aided screening of potential inhibitors; SREBP2 is thus selected as a prospective drug target. While more protein targets can be added onto the list in the future, this work provides an overview of key proteins involved in the regulation of brain cholesterol biosynthesis that may be further investigated for Alzheimer’s disease intervention.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Literature Review

Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that humanity struggled with for centuries and continues to struggle with. The bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis often infects the lungs through respiratory transmission and manifests itself through various symptoms, including cutaneous infections. Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) comprises about 1% to 1.5% of all extrapulmonary manifestations and is often accompanied by polymorphous lesions, including papules, nodules, plaques, ulcers, gummas, and verrucous lesions. CTB is most commonly observed in low-income, HIV, and immunosuppressed populations, similar to intrapulmonary manifestations. The main pathogen for CTB is M. tuberculosis but less commonly with M. bovis and BCG vaccine, and the modes of transmission are largely classified into exogenous and endogenous CTB. Current treatment options for CTB include oral therapy of antibiotic medications such as rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide, which is occasionally combined with surgical intervention.
A Numerically Validated Approach to Modeling Water Hammer Phenomena Using Partial Differential Equations and Switched Differential-Algebraic Equations

Water distribution networks are susceptible to abrupt pressure fluctuations and spikes due to rapid adjustments in valve and pump settings. A common occurrence resulting from the sudden closure of a valve, known as water hammer, can potentially cause damage to various components within the network if not adequately addressed. Traditionally, water hammer phenomena have been modeled using a set of hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs). This study introduces a simplified model that employs switched differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Recognized for their capacity to generate infinite peaks in response to sudden structural changes, switched DAEs provide mathematical representations of infinite peaks, manifested as Dirac impulses. This modeling approach offers the potential for more straightforward analyses of complex water networks in future research. To validate the proposed technique, a numerical comparison was conducted between the PDEand DAE-based models, using a basic configuration consisting of two reservoirs, a pipe, and a valve.
Convergent approximation of non-continuous surfaces of prescribed Gaussian curvature

We consider the numerical approximation of surfaces of prescribed Gaussian curvature via the solution of a fully nonlinear partial differential equation of Monge-Ampere type. These surfaces need not be continuous up to the boundary of the domain and the Dirichlet boundary condition must be interpreted in a weak sense. As a consequence, sub-solutions do not always lie below super-solutions, standard comparison principles fail, and existing convergence theorems break down. By relying on a geometric interpretation of weak solutions, we prove a relaxed comparison principle that applies only in the interior of the domain. We provide a general framework for proving existence and stability results for consistent, monotone finite difference approximations and modify the Barles-Souganidis convergence framework to show convergence in the interior of the domain. We describe a convergent scheme for the prescribed Gaussian curvature equation and present several challenging examples to validate these results.
On the Estimation of Locally Stationary Long-Memory Processes

This paper establishes the statistical properties of a spectrum-based Whittle parameter estimation procedure for long-range dependent locally stationary processes. Both theoretical and empirical behaviors are investigated. In particular, a central limit theorem for the Whittle likelihood estimation method is derived under mild distributional conditions, extending its application to a wide range of non-Gaussian time series. The finite sample properties of the estimators are examined via Monte Carlo experiments with Gamma and Log-normal noise distributions. These simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed method behaves properly even for small to moderate sample sizes. Finally, the practical application of this methodology is illustrated by means a well-known real-life data example.
TESTING FOR WHITE NOISE IN TIME SERIES MODELS

The new pure significance test for white noise proposed in the present paper is based on the estimated R2 of ah ARMA model fitted to reeiduals. A small empirical size and power investigation is carried out, and the latter seems to indicate that this test meets its purpose more than the portmanteau test.
Abordaje nutricional en el tratamiento de la depresión, revisión bibliográfica.

La depresión es una enfermedad o trastorno mental caracterizado por una profunda tristeza, bajo estado de ánimo, baja autoestima, pérdida de interés en todo y deterioro de la función mental. Como complemento del tratamiento primario está el abordaje nutricional y la adaptación a un estilo de vida más saludable como actividad física regular. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es evidenciar el abordaje nutricional de la depresión. Metodología: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basada en información científica actualizada de 42 artículos originales, revisión, estudios de caso, libros, guía de práctica clínica, de base de datos como Pubmed, Web of sciencie, Scielo. Resultados: Las enfermedades mentales representan uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública, la depresión pueden ser tratada consumo adecuado de alimentos ricos en calcio, hierro y folato, Las vitaminas del complejo B tiamina y riboflavina, antioxidantes como, frutas, verduras, frutos secos y grasas de legumbres, productos lácteos y huevos, al igual que realizar actividad física y mantener hábitos saludables. Conclusión: Mantener hábitos alimentarios saludables tiene efectos preventivos, pronósticos e incluso terapéuticos sobre los síntomas depresivos; el abordaje nutricional se basa la dieta mediterránea y la adaptación a un estilo de vida más saludable dentro de los programas de educación para la salud, educación alimentaria nutricional como parte de un enfoque integral para tratar la depresión.
Sedoanalgesia in the Debridement of Pediatric Burns in the Emergency Department: Is It Effective and Safe?

Background: The routine use of sedoanalgesia has increased the number of potential minor surgical procedures that can be performed in the Emergency Department (ED) without requiring general anesthesia and, thus, hospital admission. Our aim is to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the use of sedoanalgesia in childhood burns treated in the ED. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in burned children in whom burn debridement was performed under sedoanalgesia in the ED between 2017 and 2021 in a tertiary referral center for burns. We collected demographic variables, burn features and the type of sedoanalgesia performed in each case, including its effectiveness and associated adverse effects. Results: A total of 227 patients (118 males, 109 females) were included, with a median age of 25 months. In total, 99.2% of the burns were thermal (69.2% scald burns), with a mean total body surface area (TBSA) burned of 4%. The most commonly used drugs were intravenous ketamine (35.7%), intravenous ketamine + midazolam (15.4%), intranasal fentanyl + midazolam (14.1%) and intranasal fentanyl (10.6%). The effectiveness of sedoanalgesia was considered satisfactory in 95.2% of the cases, with an adverse effect rate of 7.5%, without severe adverse effects reported. Conclusions: The use of sedoanalgesia in the ED in the early treatment of childhood burns achieves high effectiveness and safety. It is postulated as a quality indicator; thus, it should be known by all pediatric healthcare practitioners.
Enhancement of the dielectric permittivity of (Nb1/2In1/2)0.02Ti0.98O2 single crystals at low temperatures due to (Nb + In) codoping

Dielectric measurements are performed on (Nb1/2In1/2)0.02Ti0. 98O2 (NITO-2.0) single crystals grown by a floating zone method to address the nature of the colossal permittivity recently reported in (Nb + In) co-doped TiO2 ceramics. The colossal permittivity of the order of 105, which is also observed in the NITO-2.0 single crystals, disappears in the lowest temperature region, indicating an extrinsic contribution from thermally excited carriers to the colossal permittivity. Even at low temperatures where the thermally excited carriers are expected to be frozen out, a high permittivity of the order of 103 remains. This finding suggests that an intrinsic contribution from electron-pinned defect dipoles boosts the dielectric permittivity of TiO2.
Identifying Users Across Social Media Networks for Interpretable Fine-Grained Neighborhood Matching by Adaptive GAT

The primary concern of numerous online social media network (SMN) platforms is how to provide users with effective and personalized web services. To achieve this goal, SMN platforms typically begin by collecting user preferences based on user behaviors (e.g., browsing history, posts) or user profiles. However, the effective information about a specific user on a single SMN platform is limited and monotonous, preventing a comprehensive reflection of the user's preferences. Therefore, recognizing anonymous but identical users across two SMNs to integrate their information is crucial for enhancing web services. Clearly, cross-platform research has the potential to aid in the resolution of numerous problems in service computing theory and applications. Therefore, in this article, we present the <underline>C</underline>ross-<underline>P</underline>latform <underline>U</underline>ser <underline>M</underline>atcher (<bold>CPUM</bold>) framework, which attempts to map users into a union vector space and then performs user matching based on distance metrics. In particular, we introduce a GNN-based encoder <underline>Ada</underline>ptive <underline>G</underline>raph <underline>A</underline>ttention Ne<underline>t</underline>work (<bold>AdaGAT</bold>) for modeling user attributes and topology jointly in the social networks to capture two typical alignment principles: topology consistency and attribute consistency. Moreover, we derive AdaGAT from the heuristic of the spectral network alignment technique FINAL, which theoretically guarantees AdaGAT's efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, AdaGAT is the first representation-based alignment model to integrate these two alignment principles synergistically. In addition, two position encoding schemes are introduced to prevent alignment confusion that commonly arises with GNN-based alignment models. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets validate the superiority of the proposed framework.
Processamento de coloidal de α-Al₂O₃ e a seletividade superficial na adsorção específica de taninos.

As interacoes superficiais dominam as propriedades de suspensoes de particulas coloidais. O equilibrio entre a superficie, o solvente e as especies ativas em solucao determina as propriedades relacionadas a reatividade e as interacoes na interface solido-liquido. O tanino e um composto extraido da casca de acacia e que pode ser utilizado como estabilizante e dispersante em suspensoes cerâmicas coloidais de alumina. O controle das propriedades superficiais da alumina e dos mecanismos que governam sua interacao com o tanino e fundamental para ajustar seus efeitos no processamento coloidal. Torna-se necessario garantir uma superficie isenta de contaminantes para avaliar o efeito e a contribuicao de cada um dos materiais em suspensao. Neste trabalho foi investigada a adsorcao de tanino hidrolisavel (TH), condensado (TC) e sulfonado (TS) em particulas de α-Al2O3 dialisadas. A correlacao entre os resultados obtidos na caracterizacao da α-Al2O3 indica que coexistem sitios superficiais AlVI-μ¹-OH, AlVI-μ²-OH e AlVI-μ³-OH; adicionalmente, um sitio AlIV-μ¹-OH deve ser considerado. O estado de protonacao de cada sitio e controlado pelas condicoes do meio, essencialmente pelo pH, revelando que a superficie das particulas de α-Al2O3 e heterogenea. A contribuicao dos taninos em suspensao foi definida principalmente pelo pH do meio, uma vez que esta propriedade define o estado de protonacao dos grupos polares nas moleculas. A adsorcao maxima de TH e TC em α-Al2O3 (9,72 m²/g) foi 12,47 e 14,60 mg/g, respectivamente. O TS adquire uma elevada carga eletrica negativa, o que limita a quantidade adsorvida a 7,34 mg/g, principalmente devido a barreira eletrostatica que e formada pela sua adsorcao. Essa barreira eletrostatica proporciona estabilidade de ate -65 mV as suspensoes quando a superficie esta completamente recoberta, conferindo dispersao robusta as particulas (dH=300 nm), a qual nao e afetada pelo aumento da forca ionica do meio. A estabilidade inicial das suspensoes de α-Al2O3 (+60 mV) foi reduzida progressivamente tanto com o aumento da adsorcao de TH e TC quanto da forca ionica do meio; para suspensoes com potencial zeta entre -25 mV e +25 mV, aglomerados de 400 a 700 nm foram formados. A adsorcao de TH, TC e TS ocorre predominantemente por ligacoes de hidrogenio entre os grupos fenolicos nos taninos e os sitios AlVI-μ²-OH na α-Al2O3, i.e., por adsorcao especifica. Para condicoes onde o TS recobre parcialmente a superficie da α-Al2O3, e sugerido que a adsorcao ocorra por interacoes eletrostaticas entre os grupos SO3H e os sitios positivos da α-Al2O3, i.e., por adsorcao nao especifica.
Axial field permanent magnet machines with high overload capability for transient actuation applications

This thesis describes the design, construction and testing of an axial field permanent magnet machine for an aero-engine variable guide vane actuation system. The electrical machine is used in combination with a leadscrew unit that results in a minimum torque specification of 50Nm up to a maximum speed of 500rpm. The combination of the geometry of the space envelope available and the modest maximum speed lends itself to the consideration of an axial field permanent magnet machines. The relative merits of three topologies of double-sided permanent magnet axial field machines are discussed, viz. a slotless toroidal wound machine, a slotted toroidal machine and a yokeless axial field machine with separate tooth modules. Representative designs are established and analysed with three-dimensional finite element method, each of these 3 topologies are established on the basis of a transient winding current density of 30A/mm2. Having established three designs and compared their performance at the rated 50Nm point, further overload capability is compared in which the merits of the slotless machine is illustrated. Specifically, this type of axial field machine retains a linear torque versus current characteristic up to higher torques than the other two topologies, which are increasingly affected by magnetic saturation. Having selected a slotless machine as the preferred design, further design optimization was performed, including detailed assessment of transient performance. A key feature of this design is the use of a solid (i.e. non-laminated) toroidal stator core. This provides a stator with increased mechanical robustness, improved heat transfer and a ready means of incorporating fixing points into the core. However, these advantages are gained at the expense of a significant eddy currents in the stator core. A series of three-dimensional, magneto-dynamic finite element simulations were performed. Although the resulting eddy current losses are excessive for continuous operation, the reduction in transient performance which results from the eddy currents is shown to be manageable. The loss analysis is supplemented by transient three-dimensional finite element thermal modelling. Three-dimensional mechanical analysis is performed in combination with analytical equation to analyse the stator and rotor plate deflection subject to axial attractive force. The construction of a prototype double-sided axial field machine is described in this thesis which contains several interesting design features including a profiled rotor core to reduce mass, radially magnetised rotor magnets to produce torque from the axially oriented conductors on the inner edge of the toroidal winding. The testing of the machine is performed under a series of load points up to 75Nm to validate the predicted torque versus current density characteristics.
Short-Term Residential Load Forecasting With Baseline-Refinement Profiles and Bi-Attention Mechanism

With the development of smart grid and renewable energy technologies, residential load forecasting has become an increasingly important task. Short-term residential load forecasting is not only conducive to power dispatching and peak-shaving and valley filling of the grid, but also good for residents to obtain higher economic benefit from renewable energy. This paper proposes a new baseline-refinement forecasting framework consisting of two main steps, baseline profile construction and refinement predictions. Firstly, a baseline profile construction method is proposed to forecast the baseline load profile based on the similarity and cyclic patterns of daily load profiles. Secondly, for the refinement predictions, a bi-attention mechanism is proposed by combining self-attention mechanism and external attention mechanism to fulfill the feature transformation and is included in the temporal convolutional network to refine the baseline profile. The final load forecasting results are obtained by aggregating the baseline profile and the refinement predictions. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework has smaller forecasting errors and higher forecasting stability than the commonly used models on two load forecasting metrics.
GIS Atmospheric Chemical Fate Model Simulation of Iron Released from High Intensity Bombing in Northwestern Laos

The atmospheric dispersal of iron fragments ejected from detonated ordnance released within the Nam Souy sub-basin during the secret bombing campaign of Laos from 1965 ~ 1973 was simulated through python integration with ArcGIS. The data for the study was obtained from the US National Archives and shows that of a total of 7,667,619 weapons delivered in Laos (4.5 million tons), 19,005 (5,900 tons) were dropped within the study site. The simulation adapted Gaussian isotropic puff modeling for the dust/grain-sized fragments and explosive force radial release modeling for the larger fragments into python script to produce temporal raster output images of the dispersal patterns of the analyte. The use of code language libraries ArcPy, NumPy, and numba and the logic for their application is discussed and reported along with the script developed. The simulation produced 9 m2 resolution raster images displaying iron material loading at ground level. Loading density is reported at a range between 0 ~ 7.5 g/m2 washable iron load, 0 ~ 0.65 kg/m2 of suspended iron load, and 0 ~ 3.5 kg/m2 of bedded load. The results are intended for use in subsequent studies of surface removal over time with a potential application in exposure risk analysis and for the assessment of impact on natural environments.
Hierarchical Bayesian Network Modeling Framework for Large-Scale Process Monitoring and Decision Making

In this brief, a hierarchical Bayesian network modeling framework is formulated for large-scale process monitoring and decision making, which includes a basic layer and a functional layer. First, the whole process is decomposed into different units, where local Bayesian networks are constructed, providing monitoring information and decision-making capability for the upper layer. The network structure is determined automatically based on the process data in each local unit of the basic layer. Then, through incorporating the topological structure of the process, a functional Bayesian network is further constructed to infer the information from the basic layer, which can be customized according to user demands, such as fault detection, fault diagnosis, and classification of operating status. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through a benchmark process.
Entropic Bounds on Two-Way Assisted Secret-Key Agreement Capacities of Quantum Channels

In order to efficiently put quantum technologies into action, we must know the characteristics of the underlying quantum systems and effects. An interesting example is the use of the secret-keyagreement capacity of a quantum channel as a guide and measure for the implementation of quantum key distribution (QKD) and distributed quantum computation. We define the communication task of establishing a secret key over a quantum channel subject to an energy constraint on the input state and while allowing for unlimited local operations and classical communication (LOCC) between a sender and receiver. We then use the energy-constrained squashed entanglement to bound the capacity of the channel for secret-key agreement, and we show that a thermal state input maximizes a relaxation of this bound for phase-insensitive, single-mode Gaussian channels. We also establish improved upper bounds on the energy-constrained secret-key-agreement capacity for a bosonic thermal channel that is not entanglement breaking. We then generalize our results to the multipartite setting and show that the energy-constrained multipartite squashed entanglement bounds the LOCC-assisted private capacity region for a quantum broadcast channel. Next, we define the broadcast amplitude damping channel. In the setting of QKD, we discuss a communication task using the broadcast amplitude damping channel and give bounds on its achievable rate region.