Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Observational Study on Pattern of Empirical Acyclovir Therapy in Children With Acute Encephalitis From Northern India

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), factors influencing the duration of empirical acyclovir and frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES). Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Pediatric Emergency Department and PICU of a tertiary hospital in Northern India. Patients: All consecutive, eligible children between 1 month and 12 years old presenting with AES, defined as altered consciousness for greater than 24 hours (including lethargy, irritability, or a change in personality) and two or more of the following signs: 1) fever (temperature ≥ 38°C) during the current illness, 2) seizures or focal neurological signs, 3) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis, 4) electroencephalogram, and/or 5) neuroimaging suggesting encephalitis, who received at least one dose of acyclovir. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Of the 101 children screened, 83 were enrolled. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 3 years (1–6 yr). Thirty-one children (37.3%) were diagnosed with AES, of which four were labeled as probable HSE (three based on MRI brain, one based on serology). Scrub typhus, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, and mumps were the other infective causes. The median (IQR) duration of acyclovir therapy was 72 hours (24–264 hr); 21 children (25.3%) received acyclovir for less than 24 hours and 11 (13.3%) for greater than or equal to 14 days. New-onset AKI was seen in 18 children (21.7%) but was mostly transient. Death (n = 8, 9.6%) and discontinuation of care due to futility or other reasons (n = 15, 18%) were noted in 23 children (28%). Factors associated with duration of acyclovir greater than 7 days, on univariable analysis, were lower modified Glasgow Coma Score at admission, requirement of invasive ventilation, invasive intracranial pressure monitoring, and CSF pleocytosis (5–500 cells). On multivariable analysis, only CSF pleocytosis of 5–500 cells was associated with duration of acyclovir greater than 7 days. Conclusions: Given the low prevalence of HSE, and the risk of AKI, this study sensitizes the need to review our practice on initiation and stopping of empirical acyclovir in children with acute encephalitis.
Compliance with COVID-19 Preventive Measures: The Role of Intelligence, the Dark Triad and Dysfunctional Impulsivity.

BACKGROUND Although measures to prevent COVID-19 infection have been greatly relaxed in many countries, they are still quite stringent in others. However, not all citizens comply with them to the same extent. Many studies show the importance of personality traits in predicting compliance with these measures, but it is not so clear what the role of intelligence is. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether intelligence is related to compliance with these measures, and what its predictive role is when considered together with the dark triad and dysfunctional impulsivity. METHOD A total of 786 participants answered four questionnaires. We performed correlations, multiple regression analysis, and structural equation analysis. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis showed that psychopathy and dysfunctional impulsivity were the variables that contributed most to compliance, while intelligence contributed very little. The results of the structural equation modelling suggested that intelligence had only an indirect relationship with compliance, through its relationship with the negative personality traits dysfunctional impulsivity and the dark triad. CONCLUSIONS Intelligence seems to modulate the relationship between negative personality traits and compliance. Therefore, more intelligent people with negative personality traits would not tend to have such low levels of compliance.
Rescue inhaler usage prediction in smart asthma management systems using joint mixed effects logistic regression model

ABSTRACT Asthma is a very common and chronic lung disease that impacts a large portion of population and all ethnic groups. Driven by developments in sensor and mobile communication technology, novel Smart Asthma Management (SAM) systems have been recently established. In SAM systems, patients can create a detailed temporal event log regarding their key health indicators through easy access to a website or their smartphone. Thus, this detailed event log can be obtained inexpensively and aggregated for a large number of patients to form a centralized database for SAM systems. Taking advantage of the data available in SAM systems, we propose an individualized prognostic model based on the unique rescue inhaler usage profile of each individual patient. The model jointly combines two statistical models into a unified prognostic framework. The application of the proposed model to SAM is illustrated in this article and the effectiveness of the method is shown by both a numerical study and a case study that uses real-world data.
Not Always a “Buffer”: Self-Compassion as Moderator of the Link Between Masculinity Ideologies and Help-Seeking Intentions After Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Many women and men experience intimate partner violence (IPV) during their lifetime. However, only relatively few people actually seek formal help after such an experience. The current study applied the mediated-moderation model of self-compassion and stigma that has previously been used to explain men’s help-seeking behavior for depressive symptoms. The current study analyzed whether conformity to masculinity ideologies (CMI), self-stigma, and self-compassion were related to women’s and men’s intention to seek formal help after IPV experiences. A cross-sectional online questionnaire study was conducted with 491 German-speaking participants (65.8% women/34.2% men; age: M = 36.1 years; SD = 14.2). Participants read three vignettes about experienced IPV and then indicated how likely they would be to seek medical or psychological help if they were in the main character’s situation. Additionally, the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale, and Self-Compassion Scale were used. Separate manifest path models for women and men revealed that strong CMI was linked to strong self-stigma in women and men. In turn, strong self-stigma was linked to weak intentions to seek formal help after IPV experiences. In men, strong self-compassion weakened (i.e., “buffered”) the link between CMI and self-stigma. However, direct associations between strong CMI and weak intentions to seek formal help remained, especially for those participants with strong self-compassion. The current study adds to the existing literature on associations between CMI, self-compassion, and self-stigma by showing that those links are also relevant in women. However, self-compassion might not always act as a “buffer” and mediators that explain links between strong CMI and weak intentions to seek formal help in people with strong self-compassion need to be found in future studies.
Method based on weighted possibility mean for solving matrix games with payoffs of intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers

For the problem of matrix games with payoffs of intuitionistic trapezoidal fuzzy numbers(ITFNs),a solving method based on weighted possibility mean is proposed.The new operation laws for ITFNs are defined.The notions of lower and upper weighted possibility means for ITFNs are introduced as well as the weighted possibility mean.A new ranking approach for ITFNs is given according to the weighted possibility mean.According to the new ranking approach,the optimal strategies of two players can be obtained by solving the bi-objective linear programming model.The example analysis verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Trait Hostility Moderates the Relationships Between Work Environments and Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Momentary Affect

ABSTRACT Objective Hostility is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality, but less is known about when hostility poses greatest risk. Work environments can be characterized by features that are reactive for high-hostile individuals. Using a person by environment approach, this article tested whether hostility interacted with work location to predict the cardiovascular disease risk factors of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and momentary affect. Method Community participants (n = 108; age, 20–68 years; mean [standard deviation] = 36.52 [11.96] years; 66.06% men; primarily 35.62% non-Hispanic Black, 31.51% non-Hispanic White, and 15.07% Latino/Hispanic) completed a measure of trait hostility followed by two 24-hour ABP monitoring sessions. After each ABP reading, ecological momentary assessment was used to capture participants’ current location and ratings of anger, sadness, happiness, and anxiety. Results A total of 4321 observations were recorded. Multilevel models tested the relationship between work location, trait hostility, and their interaction on ABP and momentary affect. Participants higher on hostility had higher systolic ABP, diastolic ABP, anger, and sadness (but not happiness or anxiety) when at work compared with when not at work; no differences were observed for those lower on hostility. A more consistent pattern of results was found for the William hostility subscale than a traditional measure. Conclusions Results suggest that mechanisms for how trait hostility can lead to cardiovascular disease and mortality and highlight the importance of studying traits like hostility within context. Future research should consider the role of social determinates of health like socioeconomic status and features of the work environment to better understand this relationship.
Measurements of Real Gas Effects on Regions of Laminar Shock Wave/Boundary Layer Interaction in Hypervelocity Flows

Detailed surface heat flux and pressure measurements have been made in laminar separated regions of shock wave/boundary layer interaction in high-enthalpy flows over double cone and hollow cylinder/flare configurations to provide data sets with well-defined boundary conditions for comparison with NavierStokes computations including the effects of nonequilibrium air chemistry. In these experimental studies, which were conducted in the LENS XX expansion tunnel, measurements were made in air for a range of Reynolds number conditions at velocities from 3 to 6.5 km/s to provide measurements with which to evaluate the models of real gas chemistry employed in Navier-Stokes codes. The experimental dataset and comparisons with blind submissions using a number of popular hypersonic Navier-Stokes CFD codes were presented at the AIAA Aviation 2014 Fluid Dynamics meeting in Atlanta, GA on June 20, 2014.
Design and development of novel potential inhibitors of the human USP21 enzyme using a pharmacophore‐based virtual screening technique

An overexpression and increase have been observed in the concentration and activity of the ubiquitin‐specific protease 21 (USP21) enzyme in many cancers, necessitating the need for the development of new inhibitor drugs against the same. The current study attempts to discover one such novel potential inhibitor of USP21 by the application of various bioinformatics techniques which include molecular modeling, pharmacophore mapping, pharmacophore‐based virtual screening, molecular docking, and ADMET prediction followed by molecular dynamics simulations. Following this inverted funnel‐like approach, we finally ended up with one ligand–ZINC02422616 which displays a very high binding affinity toward the USP21 domain. This ligand contains all the pharmacophoric features displayed by the compounds that are potential inhibitors of the USP21 domain. Moreover, it shows a favorable pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and ADMET profile, along with strong hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding with the domain. Simulation studies showed that the complex remains stable over time, with the bound protein displaying a more constrained motion in the conformational space compared to the unbound form. The ligand showed a highly favorable free energy landscape/surface, forming several energy minima's in contrast to the unbound domain in which most conformations occupied a relatively higher energy state. Moreover, the ligand also displayed a Kd of 422.8 nM and a free energy of binding ΔG of −8.6 kcal/mol, both of which indicate a very high affinity toward the target domain. This potential drug candidate can then be used as a viable treatment method for many types of cancers caused by USP21.
Infrastructure and Software Skills in the Expanded Program on Immunization at Commune Health Centers in Central Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study

The application of the National Immunization Information System at primary health facilities is crucial in improving the quality of medical examinations as well as collecting and reporting immunization information. This study aimed to describe the infrastructure for the Expanded Program on Immunization’s software at communes/wards/towns health centers (CHCs) of a province in central Vietnam and to evaluate the capacity of using immunization software of health officers. Another objective was to identify factors associated with skills in using the software of participants. A cross-sectional study combined with qualitative and quantitative methods was conducted, including 237 health officers from 50% (76/152) CHCs of Thua Thien Hue Province. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a developed questionnaire and observation via checklists. The results showed that most CHCs had sufficient infrastructure for the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Health officers proficient in using the National Immunization Information System accounted for 74.7%. The CHCs should be equipped with more devices serving the immunization information management system and regularly maintain the equipment and the internet connection. Training health officers at CHCs in the data management of the vaccination system and record tracking ability using the National Immunization Information System is needed.
Infrared Properties of Hexagonal Silicon Carbide

Infrared transmission and reflectivity measurements from 1 to 25 \ensuremath{\mu} (microns) have been made on several samples of green alpha (hexagonal) SiC. The residual ray bands have been observed for the ordinary and extraordinary rays. The resonance frequencies are 2.380\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (12.60 \ensuremath{\mu}) and 2.356\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (12.73 \ensuremath{\mu}), respectively. From the reflectivity the high-frequency dielectric constant is found to be 6.7. A careful analysis shows that the residual ray bands can be fitted within experimental error by the classical dispersion theory within the correct choice of the dispersion parameters. From the parameters the value 10.0 is obtained for the low-frequency dielectric constant. The effective charge is $0.94e$. Complete description of the residual ray band for the extraordinary ray required, in addition to the main resonance, a weak resonance at 2.647\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (11.33 \ensuremath{\mu}). A study on the effects of several different surface treatments shows the reflectivities reported here are an intrinsic property of the crystal. The room-temperature absorption coefficient as a function of wavelength in the range 1 to 10 \ensuremath{\mu} has been determined from transmission measurements. A number of weak lattice bands are observed between 5 and 10 \ensuremath{\mu}.
Beginner's Guide on the Use of PAML to Detect Positive Selection

Abstract The CODEML program in the PAML package has been widely used to analyze protein-coding gene sequences to estimate the synonymous and nonsynonymous rates (dS and dN) and to detect positive Darwinian selection driving protein evolution. For users not familiar with molecular evolutionary analysis, the program is known to have a steep learning curve. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol to illustrate the commonly used tests available in the program, including the branch models, the site models, and the branch-site models, which can be used to detect positive selection driving adaptive protein evolution affecting particular lineages of the species phylogeny, affecting a subset of amino acid residues in the protein, and affecting a subset of sites along prespecified lineages, respectively. A data set of the myxovirus (Mx) genes from ten mammal and two bird species is used as an example. We discuss a new feature in CODEML that allows users to perform positive selection tests for multiple genes for the same set of taxa, as is common in modern genome-sequencing projects. The PAML package is distributed at https://github.com/abacus-gene/paml under the GNU license, with support provided at its discussion site (https://groups.google.com/g/pamlsoftware). Data files used in this protocol are available at https://github.com/abacus-gene/paml-tutorial.
Slimming and Reinvigorating Tumor‐Associated Dendritic Cells with Hierarchical Lipid Rewiring Nanoparticles

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial mediators of innate and adaptive antitumor immunity, whereas exogenously and endogenously driven lipid accumulation causes immune tolerance of tumor‐associated DCs (TADCs) and thereby diminishes tumor responsiveness to various therapies. Herein, a type of multilevel lipid rewiring nanoparticles (NPs) for TADC revitalization is designed. These self‐assembled NPs specifically bind to the lipid transport receptor Msr1 on the TADC surface and orchestrate the restriction of extracellular lipid uptake, cytoplasmic de novo lipid biosynthesis and nuclear lipogenic gene transcription. It is found that the slimming of TADCs via the three‐in‐one lipid metabolic reprogramming substantially promotes their maturation and rehabilitate their functions in inflammatory cytokine production, cytotoxic T cell recruitment, and tumor inhibition. Significantly, tumor resistance to immune checkpoint blockade therapy is further overcome. The study presents a non‐canonical strategy to remodel tumor‐infiltrating immune cells and paves a new path for improving the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Gradient Descent Fisher Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Face Recognition ⋆

In this paper, we propose a novel subspace method called Gradient descent Fisher Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (GdFNMF) for face recognition. By imposing fisher constraints and taking use of Euclidean distance as the measure of the cost function into gradient descent method, our GdFNMF can encode discrimination information for the classification problem. Experiments show that our GdFNMF achieves better performance than FNMF and less sensitive to the value of parameter.
Dynamics of D-branes in curved backgrounds

In recent years, the study of branes has led to many new insights into string and M-theory. Much of this study was done in the large-volume regime where geometric techniques provide reliable information. The extrapolation into the stringy regime usually requires new methods from boundary conformal field theory. Branes on group manifolds give us a good handle on this issue. Although they describe non-trivial backgrounds leading to many interesting effects, they are still tractable. They also serve as building blocks in the coset and orbifold constructions of essentially all known conformal models. The present thesis investigates the dynamics of branes on group manifolds and coset models. In some limiting regime, the dynamics are governed by non-commutative gauge theories. Many of the processes can be extrapolated to the stringy regime. They manifest themselves as renormalization group flows on the two-dimensional worldsheet theories with boundaries. Such flows are of interest also in condensed matter theory where they describe boundary phenomena in one-dimensional systems. Essential data on these dynamical processes are encoded in D-brane charges. We will compare the obtained results on processes between brane configurations with the conjecture that the charges take their values in twisted K-groups.
Small-molecule targeting of GPCR-independent noncanonical G-protein signaling in cancer

Significance Human diseases frequently arise from defects in the mechanisms by which external cues are sensed and relayed to the interior of the cell. The proteins most widely targeted by existing therapeutic agents belong to a large family of cell surface receptors named G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which relay external cues by activating G-proteins in the interior of cells. Here, we report the surprising discovery of a synthetic small molecule that selectively targets G-proteins without compromising their ability to relay signals from GPCRs. Instead, this small molecule disrupts an atypical, GPCR-independent mechanism of G-protein signaling involved in cancer. This work reveals an alternative paradigm in targeting components of a signaling machinery with broad relevance in cellular communication in health and disease.
Concordance between i-STAT Contemporary Troponin I and Beckman High Sensitivity Troponin I Only when Both Tests Were Performed within Two Hours: A Preliminary Study.

OBJECTIVE Often in the Emergency Department (ED) of our hospital, troponin I is measured by the i-STAT (contemporary troponin I) followed by analysis of high sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) using the Beckman analyzer in the clinical laboratory. In this study, contemporary troponin I concentrations obtained by the i-STAT were compared with the Beckman hs-TnI concentrations in patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS Troponin I concentrations were determined by both methods in 56 specimens collected from 56 patients admitted to the ED (time between both measurements; <1 h to up to 16 h). RESULTS When troponin I concentrations determined by the iSTAT-1 were repeated in the laboratory within 2 h, there was concordance between both values using standard regression analysis (y=1.14 x-0.56, n=18, r=0.98; hs-TnI values converted into ng/mL) as well as Passing-Bablock regression analysis (y=0.89 x-0.006). However, overall correlation when all 56 data points were considered was very poor. In addition, we also observed very poor correlation in another 38 specimens when laboratory determinations of hs-TnI were conducted >2 h up to 16 h. CONCLUSION We concluded that the iSTAT-1 contemporary troponin I concentrations were concordant with hs-TnI values only if measured within 2 h.