Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explainable Markov Chain Based Pattern Forecasting

—We consider the trend or pattern forecasting for demand timeseries in a business-to-business supply chain where demand exhibits high volatilities, non-stationarities, and skewness. We develop a pattern forecasting system by designing a data driven, feature dependent Markov chain-based framework. To increase adoption of AI based techniques among the various stakeholders we address the aspect of explainability. We define two metrices to evaluate the quality of explainability. To provide guidelines on selecting different attributes of our pipeline, we compare between feature selection methods from two families, one advanced and one traditional. We evaluate the proposed strategy on a real dataset and observe a sparsity promoting feature selection show a sparse feature selection method outperforms a conventional decision tree-based feature selection method.
The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: methodologies for selection, compilation and analysis of latest Paleocene and early Eocene climate proxy data, incorporating version 0.1 of the DeepMIP database

Abstract. The early Eocene (56 to 48 million years ago) is inferred to have been the most recent time that Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceeded 1000 ppm. Global mean temperatures were also substantially warmer than those of the present day. As such, the study of early Eocene climate provides insight into how a super-warm Earth system behaves and offers an opportunity to evaluate climate models under conditions of high greenhouse gas forcing. The Deep Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP) is a systematic model–model and model–data intercomparison of three early Paleogene time slices: latest Paleocene, Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) and early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO). A previous article outlined the model experimental design for climate model simulations. In this article, we outline the methodologies to be used for the compilation and analysis of climate proxy data, primarily proxies for temperature and CO2. This paper establishes the protocols for a concerted and coordinated effort to compile the climate proxy records across a wide geographic range. The resulting climate “atlas” will be used to constrain and evaluate climate models for the three selected time intervals and provide insights into the mechanisms that control these warm climate states. We provide version 0.1 of this database, in anticipation that this will be expanded in subsequent publications.
A new model for submarine volcanic collapse formation

Collapse pits and an associated suite of collapse‐related features that form in submarine lava flows are ubiquitous on the global mid‐ocean ridge crest. Collapse pits, the lava tube systems they expose, and lenses of talus created by the collapse process combine to produce a permeable region in the shallow ocean crust and are thought to contribute significantly to the 100–300 m thick low velocity zone observed at intermediate to fast‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges. This horizon of low‐density, high‐porosity material is likely to be an important aquifer for the transfer of hydrothermal fluids in the upper ocean crust. In a recent survey of the East Pacific Rise at 9°37′N, we used photographs, video and observations from the submersible Alvin, and DSL‐120A side scan data to determine that 13% of the 720,000 m2 of seafloor imaged had foundered to form collapse pits. In 98% of the images collapse pits occurred in lobate flows, and the rest in sheet flows. On the basis of our observations and analyses of collapse features, and incorporating data from previous models for collapse formation plus laboratory and theoretical models of basalt lava behavior in the deep ocean, we develop a detailed multistage physical model for collapse formation in the deep ocean. In our model, lava extruded on the seafloor traps pockets of seawater beneath the flow that are instantly vaporized to a briny steam. The seawater is transformed to vapor at temperatures above 480°C with a 20 times expansion in volume. Bubbles of vapor rise through the lava and concentrate below the chilled upper crust of the lava flow, creating gas‐filled cavities at magmatic temperatures. Fluid lava from the cavity roofs drips into the vapor pockets to create delicate drip and septa structures, a process that may be enhanced by water vapor diffusing into the magma and reducing its melting point. As the vapor pocket cools, the pressure within it drops, causing a pressure gradient to develop across the upper crust. The pressure gradient often causes the roof crust to collapse during cooling, though vapor pocket geometry may be such that the roof remains intact during subsidence of the underlying lava. Alternatively, drainaway of the molten lava may cause collapse in locations where inflated lava roof crusts are not supported from below by bounding walls or lava pillars. Post‐eruption seismicity, lava movement, or hydrovolcanic explosions may cause continued collapse of the lava carapace after the eruption.
Etiology of Dry Eye

The scope of this chapter is to provide insights into the classification based on the significant factors causing dry eye. The etiological causes of dry eye have been classified broadly into two primary arms. The first arm, aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE), illustrates malfunction of normal lacrimal secretion causing tear hyposecretion. ADDE is subdivided into Sjogren’s and the non-Sjogren’s syndrome. The former exclusively includes systemic autoimmune characteristics, while the latter comprises age-related disorders, genetic disorders, denervation in the lacrimal gland, and obstruction in tear secretion. The second arm, evaporative dry eye (EDE), explains the excessive loss of aqueous from the tear film despite the normal lacrimal secretion. Extrinsic EDE is with ocular surface pathology caused by vitamin A deficiency, contact lens wear, use of topical drugs with preservatives, and ocular surface diseases (allergic eye disease). The intrinsic EDE encompasses abnormalities in the meibomian lipid deficiency, low blink rate, and poor lid congruity. In brief, clinical tests to investigate the corneal epithelium integrity and the tear film have been discussed. This chapter aims to highlight the main etiologies of dry eye disease (DED) and current updates on techniques involved in diagnosing DED to help clinical practice.
Notes on the breeding systems of Sacoila lanceolata (Aublet) Garay (Orchidaceae)

To document breeding systems in the widespread neotropical terrestrial orchid, Sacoila lanceolata, pollination and seed development were studied in the field and in cultivated plants. In the southern Florida study area, plants of var. lanceolata were not pollinated and hummingbird pollinators were apparently absent. When plants from southern Florida were moved to a situation where hummingbirds were abundant in southern Ontario, hummingbird-pollination was observed on numerous occasions and the incidence of pollination was approximately 90%. Pollination experiments demonstrated a reliance on pollen vectors in plants of var. lanceolata from central Guyana, where a variety of hummingbird pollinators are available, but the plants of the same variety from southern Florida were found to be agamospermic. Examination of serial sections of ovaries in successive developmental stages indicated that agamospermy is by adventitious embryony, the embryos (one or more) being formed by proliferation of the inner integument. Adventitious embryony can be detected through association with polyembryonic seed, is characteristic of Florida populations of var. lanceolata, and occurs also in portions of the tropical range. Plants of S. lanceolata var. paludicola from southern Florida were found to self-pollinate. The pollinator-independent breeding systems in southern Florida populations of S. lanceolata var. lanceolata and var. paludicola and the apparent absence of races totally reliant upon pollen vectors are associated with pollinator-paucity. Sacoila lanceolata (Aublet) Garay var. lanceolata is a reddishto orange-yellowor occasionally pale greenish-flowered, terrestrial orchid with a broad neotropical distribution extending from northern Florida and northern Mexico to northern Uruguay (Luer, 1972). The smaller-flowered var. paludicola Luer is restricted to extreme southern Florida [the Fahkahatchee Strand in Collier Co. (Luer, 197 la), Kendall Hammock in Dade Co. (pers. obs.), and from one location in the Everglades (McCartney, 1985)] and the Caribbean region (based on examination of specimens at AMES, DAO, SEL, and FTG-acronyms from Holmgren et al., 1981). Both var. lanceolata and var. paludicola have gaping tubular flowers with an adnate spur (Fig. 1). In terms of flower color and morphology and absence of a detectable odor, the flowers of both varieties are representative of the bird pollination syndrome (Pijl & Dodson, 1966). Casual observations of seed development in a few cultivated plants that were maintained in the absence of any potential pollen vectors suggested that both var. lanceolata and var. paludicola may have pollinator-independent breeding systems in southern Florida. Since the breeding systems of tropical and subtropical terrestrial orchids are relatively poorly known, a study was undertaken to document the breeding systems of S. lanceolata.
Wall loss of semi-volatile organic compounds in a Teflon bag chamber for the temperature range of 262–298 K: mechanistic insight on temperature dependence

Abstract. ​​​​​​​Teflon bag chambers have long been used for investigating atmospheric chemical processes, including secondary organic aerosol formation. The wall-loss process of gas-phase species in Teflon bag chambers has typically been investigated at around room temperature. Recent laboratory studies started employing Teflon bag chambers at sub-273 K conditions for simulating wintertime and upper-tropospheric environments. However, temperature dependence in vapor-wall-loss processes of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in a Teflon bag chamber has not been well investigated. In this study, we experimentally investigated wall-loss processes of C14–C19 n-alkanes in a 1 m3 Teflon bag for the temperature range of 262 to 298 K. Enhanced wall losses of the tested n-alkanes were observed following the decrease in temperature. For instance, 65 %​​​​​​​ of C14 n-alkane was lost to the wall 15 h after injection at room temperature, while the corresponding value was 95 % at 262 K. The experimental data were analyzed using a two-layer kinetic model, which considers both absorption of gas-phase species to the surface layer of the Teflon wall and diffusion to the inner layer. The experimental data demonstrated that absorption of gas-phase species by the surface layer was enhanced at lower temperatures. The temperature dependence in absorption was well accounted for using the equilibrium-dissolution model of organic compounds to the Teflon surface by considering reduced saturation vapor pressure at lower temperatures. On the contrary, diffusion of n-alkanes from the surface to the inner layer slowed down at reduced temperatures. Mechanistic studies on these processes will need to be conducted in the future to quantitatively predict the influence of temperature-dependent wall-loss processes of SVOCs on laboratory experimental results.
2 6 O ct 2 01 7 Weak Ferromagnetism and Spin Glass in κ-( BEDT-TTF ) 2 Hg ( SCN ) 2 Br

M. Hemmida, H. -A. Krug von Nidda, B. Miksch, L. L. Samoilenko, A. Pustogow, A. Henderson, T. Siegrist, J. A. Schlueter, A. Loidl, and M. Dressel 1. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Universität Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, U.S.A. Division of Materials research, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, and Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4831, U.S.A. (Dated: October 27, 2017)
A new species of freshwater amphipod, Paracalliope larai, (Family Eusiridae) from Tasmania

A new species of freshwater amphipod, Paracalliope larai, is described, the first description of a species of the genus Paracalliope from Tasmania. P. larai is found in the Dip River, north-western Tasmania. The distribution of the genus in Tasmania is briefly discussed.
Efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in severe patients with COVID-19

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of tocilizumab treatment in patients with COVID-19. Methods: 60 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they treated with tocilizumab or did not. Demographic and clinical features of the patients, laboratory findings, treatments, and clinical outcome were evaluated. Results: The mean age of 30 patients in group 1 was 63.6±16.3 years and male/female ratio was 3.2, whereas the mean age of 30 patients in group 2 was 59.4±11 years and male/female ratio was 2.7 (P=0.244 and P=0.766, respectively). pO2/FiO2 and lymphocyte count at baseline, 2nd day and 7th day were significantly lower in group 1 treated with standard treatment without tocilizumab than group 2 additionally treated with tocilizumab (P<0.05). D-dimer level at 7th day, ferritin and CRP levels at 2nd and 7th day were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (P=0.015, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The patients in group 1 had higher intensive care unit need and mortality rate than the patients in tocilizumab group (P=0.015). 28-day survival was lower in group 1 than tocilizumab group (P=0.024). Conclusions: We observed clinical improvement and lower mortality rate in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 with tocilizumab treatment.
Target spectral band canonical correlation analysis enhancing target frequency feature extraction in SSVEP-based BCI

—Due to its high performance, filter-bank canonical correlation analysis (FBCCA) is widely used in steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The FBCCA has a broad subband bandwidth for detecting harmonic components. Nevertheless, the SSVEP signal responds most strongly at fundamental frequency. This study proposed a target spectral band canonical correlation analysis(TSB-CCA) that focuses on the target frequency(which is assumed to have a high fundamental frequency component). Using existing low-and high-frequency SSVEP dataset, we assessed the accuracy of the canonical correlation analysis (CCA), the FBCCA, and the proposed TSB-CCA. Consequently, it was determined that FBCCA performed better with the low frequency dataset, while TSB-CCA performed better with the high frequency dataset.
The effect of anti-phospholipid syndrome on pregnancy outcomes in patients with habitual abortus

Objective: The aim of this study was to research the pregnancy outcomes of women with anti-beta2 glycoprotein 1 and anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity and to determine the association with pregnancy morbidity. Materials and methods: This retrospective study contained pregnant women with anti-beta2 glycoprotein 1 and anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity and a control group without these antibodies. Totally 190 serum samples sent from Obstetrics and Gynecology clinics between January 2019 and January 2023 were analyzed in the medical microbiology laboratory of xx. Results: In a patient population separated into antibody-positive and antibody-negative groups, the gravida was found to be 3.8±0.1 and 3.5±0.3 respectively (p=0.333). Parity was 1.1±0.1 and 0.8±0.1 (p=0.071), abortion rates were 2.3±0.1 and 2.5±0.2 (p=0.659), and gestational age was 35.7±0.8 and 34±1.5 (p=0.047). Intrauterine fetal death was found to be higher in the antibody-positive group compared to the antibody-negative group (p=0.03). There was no noteworthy distinction noted between the two groups regarding additional pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes, and gestational hypertension (respectively p=0.623, 0.074, 0.312, 0.626). However, smoking was significantly higher in the antibody-positive group (p=0.049). Conclusion: Antiphospholipid syndrome adversely affects pregnancy outcomes. During the initial visit, a thorough patient history should be obtained, and in pregnant women with a history of poor obstetric outcomes or habitual abortions, this syndrome should be considered.
Adding Software Transactions to the Kernel

By Michael J. Schultz with advising from Dr. Dennis Brylow Transactional Memory Transactional memory is intended to provide programmers with a lock­ free mechanism that allows data reads and writes to occur atomically. If we take the optimistic assumption that a set of reads and writes will succeed, then it is only when a conflict occurs that steps must be taken to correct the mistake. This approach makes thinking about program flow easier. A simple analogy is issuing checks to a bank. Under mutual exclusion the following steps must occur: ­ issue a check; ­ wait for the bank to process; ­ receive confirmation (repeat). Luckily, banks use transactions. This allows many outstanding checks while not preventing any from clearing (assuming the customer has sufficient money).
LOS OBJETOS FLOTANTES DEL PACÍFICO ORIENTAL: FORMAS, DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL Y CAMBIOS TEMPORALES FLOATING OBJECTS OF THE EASTERN PACIFIC: TYPES, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND TEMPORAL CHANGES

Se analizó la distribución espacial de las distintas formas de objetos flotantes asociados con la pesca del atún del Océano Pacífico oriental (OPO). De los 34 tipos observados, se definieron cuatro clases: objetos flotantes naturales terrestres (OFTE), objetos flotantes naturales marinos (OFMA), objetos flotantes de origen antropogénico (OFA) y dispositivos para agregar peces (DAP). La fuente de información proviene de la base de datos de observadores de la Comisión Interamericana del Atún Tropical, de 1987 a 1997. De ésta, se analizaron los registros de los objetos flotantes por tipo y el esfuerzo pesquero dirigido a ellos, espacial y temporalmente. Se calcularon las tasas de encuentro de objetos flotantes y se estimaron las proporciones de las diferentes clases de objetos flotantes, por cuadrantes de un grado. Estas variables fueron modeladas espacialmente a través de regresiones no paramétricas. Se observó que antes de 1993, las tasas de encuentro y los porcentajes de OFTE fueron los más importantes, localizados principalmente cerca de la costa Centroamericana. A partir de 1994, la región occidental a las islas Galápagos fue la más importante. Este análisis reveló una expansión espacial de las actividades pesqueras sobre objetos flotantes dirigida al sur y al oeste del OPO, por la utilización de los DAP. Asimismo, se observó que los OFMA se concentran en dos zonas: una al sur, frente a las costas de Ecuador y Perú, y la otra frente a Baja California, México. Estos patrones espaciales de las clases de objetos flotantes muestran una variación estacional. De acuerdo con la distribución espacial y temporal de los objetos flotantes, se concluye que el OPO puede dividirse en tres zonas: una zona costera y dos zonas oceánicas. En la zona costera y al norte del Ecuador, dominan los OFTE; en la zona al sur del Ecuador, predominan los DAP.
Addressing Class Imbalance in Soil Movement Predictions

6 Landslides threaten human life and infrastructure, resulting in fatalities and economic losses. Monitoring stations provide 7 valuable data for predicting soil movement, which is crucial in mitigating this threat. Accurately predicting soil movement 8 from monitoring data is challenging due to its complexity and inherent class imbalance. This study proposes developing 9 machine learning (ML) models with oversampling techniques to address the class imbalance issue and develop a robust soil 10 movement prediction system. The dataset, comprising two years (2019-2021) of monitoring data from a landslide in 11 Uttarakhand, was split into a 70:30 ratio for training and testing. To tackle the class imbalance problem, various 12 oversampling techniques, including Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), K-Means SMOTE, Borderline 13 SMOTE, Support Vector Machine SMOTE, and Adaptive SMOTE (ADASYN), were applied to the dataset. Several ML 14 models, namely Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (Light 15 GBM), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Category Boosting (CatBoost), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Multilayer 16 Perceptron (MLP), and dynamic ensemble models, were trained and compared for soil movement prediction. Among these 17 models, the dynamic ensemble model with K-Means SMOTE performed the best in testing, with an accuracy, precision, 18 and recall rate of 99.68% each and an F1-score of 0.9968. The RF model with K-Means SMOTE stood out as the second-19 best performer, achieving an impressive accuracy, precision, and recall rate of 99.64% each and an F1-score of 0.9964. 20 These results show that ML
MODELING HOSPITAL RESOURCES BASED ON GLOBAL 2 EPIDEMIOLOGY AFTER EARTHQUAKE-RELATED DISASTERS 3

7 In an earthquake emergency, injured people require hospital emergency services and timely 8 medical treatment. Earthquake-related patients often have trauma injuries and stress-linked (is-9 chemic) illnesses that require multiple healthcare procedures, such as minor orthopedic treat-10 ment, surgical treatment of fractures, and thrombolysis or thrombectomy. Hospital operation 11 models have been proposed to examine these healthcare procedures; however, they exhibit 12 two fundamental gaps that hinder their ability to assess critical service areas after earthquakes. 13 First, these models rest heavily on emergency procedures based on injury severity rather than 14 type. Second, healthcare demands and injury profiles are often modeled after moderate earth-15 quakes in the United States without including mass casualty data after large earthquakes. This 16 approach has led to an oversimplified representation of the utilization of hospital emergency 17 services and resources, especially for the various profiles of trauma patients after earthquakes 18 globally. This research presents a new hospital operations model based on patient injury type 19 and worldwide earthquake epidemiology data to fill these two gaps. We built the model us-20 ing discrete event simulations to capture patients’ healthcare metrics that vary rapidly after the 21 earthquake. We then used these metrics to study how healthcare outcomes vary with different 22 levels of functional capacity in specific hospital service areas. Our case study showed that ED-23 level patients wait 40% longer to receive treatment when half of the examination rooms in the 24 emergency department (ED) are lost and 35% less time if examination rooms increase by 50%. 25 Also, the waiting time for hospital-level procedures reduces up to 65% if the bed occupancy 26 rate drops by 15%, e.g., if reverse triage procedures are activated through a discharge of 15% of 27 patients hospitalized before the earthquake. Our findings provide a valuable tool for decision-28 making in hospital preparedness as it links expected patient volumes to key healthcare metrics 29 according to hospital functional capacity. 30