Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computed Tomography versus Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) to Predict the Effectiveness of Mandibular Advancement Devices in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Protocol for Systematic Review

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder with a high prevalence in the world population. The mandibular advancement device is one of the options for treating obstructive sleep apnea. Neck computed tomography and drug-induced sleep endoscopy are complementary diagnostic tests that may help predict the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices. This study aims to analyze the best method for predicting the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices in the therapeutic approach to obstructive sleep apnea. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science Core Collection databases will be comprehensively searched. We will include randomized clinical trials, non-randomized prospective or retrospective clinical studies, case controls, cohort studies, and case series. Two authors will independently conduct data extraction and assess the literature quality of the studies. The analysis of the included literature will be conducted by Revman 5.3 software. The outcomes that will be analyzed are craniofacial characteristics, cephalometric assessments, site and type of obstruction of the upper airway, mean values of the apnea–hypopnea index, and SaO2 verified in the initial and follow-up polysomnography. This study will provide reliable, evidence-based support for the clinical application of mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea.
Modeling the Martian seasonal water cycle

Ever since the observations of Percival Lowell, the annual cycle of Martian water has been a fascinating topic in planetary exploration. Observations by the Viking Orbiter, supplemented by Earth-based microwave and infrared observations, have given us a reasonable picture of this cycle. We are now also able to model the cycle using our Mars Climate Model, a simplified atmospheric general circulation model designed specifically for this purpose. We find that a thin adsorbing layer of the Martian regolith plays a fundamental role in the water cycle, limiting the lower atmospheric relative humidity and preventing the formation of widespread ice deposits at low latitudes. We are thus able to estimate a large-scale average value of the specific soil surface area of this regolith. Water which evaporates from the permanent north polar ice cap during summer is returned by a process of repeated evaporation and precipitation on the retreating seasonal cap the following spring, so that the global inventory of water outside the polar caps ranges within narrow limits. (There is a small net annual deposition of water ice at the south polar cap which is always at dry ice temperatures.) If ice on the residual south polar cap is exposed during the summer, it rapidly sublimes, generating vapor amounts similar to those observed in northern summer. Recovery to normal dry conditions in the southern atmosphere occurs very rapidly in the next year. Such an event could explain the otherwise anomalous Earth-based pre-Viking observations of a wet southern summer. If southern ice deposits at lower latitudes are exposed, the vapor can be transferred irreversibly through the strong Hadley cell to the north polar cap. We therefore speculate that the asymmetry of Mars' current orbit is responsible for the asymmetry of the present water distribution (with extensive permanent water ice deposits located only in the colder, aphelion summer, northern hemisphere).
Chemical air mass differences near fronts

Two case studies are presented of aircraft measurements (ozone, NOy, CO, and meteorological parameters) in the vicinity of fronts located over the eastern side of the North Atlantic Ocean during spring 1994. The aim of these studies was twofold: (1) to investigate whether frontal circulations can transport ozone from the boundary layer to the free troposphere in well-defined layer; and (2) to ascertain whether or not conveyor belts associated with extratropical cyclones exhibit well-defined chemical signatures. The first case study (March 2, 1994) sampled a well-defined ozone-enhanced layer within the free troposphere. It is demonstrated that this air was transferred from the boundary layer to the free troposphere during the development of a baroclinic wave. Two warm conveyor belts sampled within this flight (one associated with the developing baroclinic wave and the other with a mature low-pressure system) displayed clear and contrasting chemical signatures, a consequence of their geographically different origins. During the second case study (April 25, 1994), both the dry intrusion and the warm conveyor belt of a mature, occluded low-pressure system were sampled. Their chemical signatures (in particular, that of the dry intrusion) showed that interleaving of the two airstreams had occurred, probably in the vicinity of the occluded front. It is thus demonstrated that chemical measurements within conveyor belts provide valuable information on the nature, history, and extent of these coherent flows.
Whither Parity? The Need for a Comprehensive Curriculum in Human-Environment Geography

Abstract If human-environment geography is central to the discipline, then human-environment courses should be a sizable segment of the undergraduate curriculum. Undergraduate educational offerings are inadequate, however, meaning that geography departments are shortchanging their majors, missing opportunities to attract and inform the general student body, and failing to meet the needs of future K–12 educators. Unless geography provides satisfactory human-environment education, it will likely have much less impact on twenty-first-century environmental science.
Operational use of a grid-based model for flood forecasting

Following the summer 2007 floods in England and Wales, a new context for flood forecasting emerged through the recommendations set out in the Pitt review. This paper presents the operational challenges being addressed by the Flood Forecasting Centre (FFC) – a joint venture between the Environment Agency (EA) and the Met Office (MO) – to deliver forecasts of flood risk across England and Wales with longer lead times (out to 5 days ahead) and, on a shorter timescale, for rapid response catchments. These are both key recommendations of the Pitt review. As a joint venture, the FFC is uniquely placed to meet these objectives and, as a first step, has implemented a distributed hydrological model, grid-to-grid (G2G), calibrated across England and Wales, on the EA's national flood forecasting system. Also fundamental to successfully meeting these objectives is the FFC's ability to utilise the latest MO advances in high-resolution numerical weather prediction and nowcasting of rainfall, including forecasts in prob.
Economy and Society in Prehistoric Europe: Changing Perspectives

Over the past twenty-five years Andrew Sherratt has reinterpreted the growing mass of information about the economic foundations of prehistoric Europe using concepts drawn from history and the social sciences. Sherratt's classic articles on the subject are collected together here for the first time. Written by the archaeologist and prehistorian in the first twenty years of his career, these articles not only represent Sherratt's most important work but also offer his interpretation of this work and of general developments in his field. This volume covers, for example, his studies of farming, subsistence, and prehistoric demography, and his search for a more sophisticated way of dealing with value and exchange. Throughout, the author looks back over the changing perspectives of the past few decades and considers the intellectual rhythms of recent centuries.Sherratt identifies in his commentaries the significance of each article within the framework of the entire collection. In addition to these commentaries, Sherratt's collection includes notes throughout the text that update the reader on developments taking place in the field after the time of the article's first publication.
The Importance of Visceral Hypersensitivity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome—Plant Metabolites in IBS Treatment

The visceral stimuli from the digestive tract are transmitted via afferent nerves through the spinal cord to the brain, where they are felt as pain. The overreaction observed in the brain of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients may be due to increased peripheral sensitivity to stimuli from the gastrointestinal tract. Although the exact pathway is uncertain, attenuation of visceral hypersensitivity is still of interest in treating IBS. It has been shown that stress stimulates the sympathetic nervous system while inhibiting the vagus nerve (VN). In addition, stress factors lead to dysbiosis and chronic low-grade inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, which can lead to lower gastrointestinal visceral hypersensitivity. Therefore, an important goal in the treatment of IBS is the normalization of the intestinal microflora. An interesting option seems to be nutraceuticals, including Terminalia chebula, which has antibacterial and antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, short-term transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation can reduce the stress-induced increase in intestinal permeability, thereby reducing inflammation. The conducted studies also indicate a relationship between the stimulation of the vagus nerve (VN) and the activation of neuromodulatory networks in the central nervous system. Therefore, it seems reasonable to conclude that a two-way action through stimulating the VN and using nutraceuticals may become an effective therapy in treating IBS.
Snow grain-size determination from Landsat imagery over Terre Adélie, Antarctica

A Landsat Thematic Mapper scene over Terre Adélie, Antarctica, is used to estimate the snow grain-size. New calibration coefficients are computed for the TM scene, using sea-water reflectance. Topographic effects are corrected with the visible band TM2. Atmospheric effects are taken into account. The snow theoretical reflectance is calculated with the Wiscombe and Warren (1980) model. Estimated snow grain-sizes are similar to those given in the literature.
Multifeatures Association Bundle Adjustment Constraints for Visual-Oriented Localization

Exploring various environmental features is beneficial to improve the environmental adaptability of the visual-oriented localization system. However, most existing visual-based localization systems mainly focus on extracting more kinds of landmarks from images but do not fully explore the geometric correlation among different features. This article proposes a multifeatures association bundle adjustment (BA) constraints method to improve the accuracy of the visual-oriented localization system. First, this article constructs an amount of spatial virtual plane (VP) based on point and line landmarks, which effectively riches the feature elements of environments. Second, a multifeatures association BA optimization method is proposed by exploring the geometric constraints of point-line-VP features. This optimization method does not need an additional plane extraction module and can realize the trajectory optimization of multifeature combinations of points, lines, and planes, which gives full play to the role of existing features. Finally, in order to balance all measurement residuals, a weight optimization method is proposed. The optimization module not only refines the position of landmarks but also obtains a more accurate pose of the device. The significant performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing it with other state-of-the-art systems using public datasets and real-world experiments. Experimental results show that the trajectory estimated by this article can achieve more accurate and robust performance.
Remarks on the Size Distribution of Colliding and Fragmenting Particles

This paper is concerned with some aspects of determining the evolution of the size distribution of a finite number of mutually colliding and fragmenting particles such as the asteroids or interplanetary dust. If n(m, t) is the number of particles per unit volume per mass interval at time t, then h = dn/dt is the rate at which that number changes with time. This rate can be calculated if the laws are known according to which the colliding bodies erode one another and fragment and if the influence of collisions on the motion of the particles is known. To reduce the complexity of the problem, one assumes that the speed of approach between the bodies is always the same v col i and that they, as well as the debris, occupy a fixed volume ("particles in a box"). Only collisions between two bodies are considered, and the way in which erosion and fragmentation occurs at a given value of v col j depends only on their masses. The particles are assumed to be spherical. One in
N6-Methyladenine Progressively Accumulates in Mitochondrial DNA during Aging

N6-methyladenine (6mA) in the DNA is a conserved epigenetic mark with various cellular, physiological and developmental functions. Although the presence of 6mA was discovered a few years ago in the nuclear genome of distantly related animal taxa and just recently in mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), accumulating evidence at present seriously questions the presence of N6-adenine methylation in these genetic systems, attributing it to methodological errors. In this paper, we present a reliable, PCR-based method to determine accurately the relative 6mA levels in the mtDNA of Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and dogs, and show that these levels gradually increase with age. Furthermore, daf-2(−)-mutant worms, which are defective for insulin/IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor) signaling and live twice as long as the wild type, display a half rate at which 6mA progressively accumulates in the mtDNA as compared to normal values. Together, these results suggest a fundamental role for mtDNA N6-adenine methylation in aging and reveal an efficient diagnostic technique to determine age using DNA.
Gambaran penggunaan obat dengan aktivitas psikotik pada pasien di praktik dokter “X” kota Tarakan periode Oktober-Desember 2021

Tingginya angka kejadian gangguan jiwa dikalangan masyarakat meningkatkan pula penggunaan obat-obat antipsikotik dalam penanganannya. Salah satu fasilitas kesehatan dasar di Tarakan yang melayani konsultasi masalah kejiwaan adalah praktik dokter “X”. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan obat-obatan antipsikotik yang digunakan pada praktik dokter “X” di Tarakan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif retrospektif dengan mengkaji resep pasien yang mengandung obat-obat dengan aktivitas psikotik pada praktik dokter “X” di kota Tarakan periode Oktober-Desember 2021, penetapan sampel data penelitian menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan obat-obat antipsikotik yang digunakan adalah risperidone, chlorpromazine, clozapine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, olanzapine, sertraline, maprotilin, aripiprazole, haloperidol, quetapine fumarate, sedangkan obat-obat anxiolityc adalah lorazepam, diazepam, clobazam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, nitrazepam. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah peresepan obat psikotik tertinggi diberikan pada pasien Middle-age adults (42,29%), jumlah obat yang diperoleh pasien sebesar 2,6 obat per pertemuan, persentase obat generik yang diresepkan sebanyak 27%, dan pesentase frekuensi pemberian tertinggi berdasarkan kelas terapinya yaitu risperidon (19,7%) dan lorazepam (11,64%).
Outer-Rise Faulting, Abyssal Fabric and the Structure of Double Seismic Zones

Where fast-to-intermediate spreading abyssal fabric approaches the trench at a subparallel angle, crustal fault systems with spacing of only a few kilometers may be reactivated and extend down into the underlying mantle (e.g., Middle America). Elsewhere, when the relic abyssal fabric lies at an oblique angle to the trench, new trench-parallel fault systems are formed with much greater spacings and little-to-no reactivation of the abyssal structures (e.g., northern Chile). These two scenarios for fracturing the slab result in much different fault densities at sub-Moho depths, influencing fluid diffusion and the degree of mantle serpentinization.
Ten‐year east Asian summer monsoon simulation using a regional climate model (RegCM2)

This paper presents a 10-year (1987–1996) summer climate simulation using a regional climate model. The National Center for Atmospheric Research Regional Climate Model (NCAR RegCM2) was designated over east Asia with a horizontal grid spacing of approximately 50 km. The model was initialized at June 1 and integrated up to the end of August for the 10 years. Initial and boundary conditions were the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/NCAR reanalysis data. The 10-year summer mean biases of the simulated ground temperature and daily precipitation rate over the east Asian land area are about −0.1°C and 1.1 mm/d, respectively. Including the ocean area, the bias of the precipitaion rate is significantly reduced to about 0.05 mm/d. More precipitation is simulated in June over the central part of the model domain. The systematic cold biases of the simulated ground temperature take place over the northern part of the domain. The RegCM2 reproduces fairly well the large-scale features associated with the east Asian summer monsoon system, including the subtropical high over the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the planetary-scale trough over Manchuria, the upper level jet and lower-level southerly or southwesterly flow and the precipitation band extended from south China to Japan. The evolution processes of the onset, break phases and abrupt jumps between two adjacent phases of the east Asian summer monsoon are also well simulated. On the other hand, the intensity and magnitude of the large-scale features are not well reproduced. For example, the subtropical high over the ocean is too intensified, in association with the enhancement of the warm air advection in the lower level to the precipitation area. The maximum baroclinic zone and the planetary-scale trough and thus the monsoon rainbelt are shifted northward by 2°–3° compared to reanalysis data. However, some of the systematic errors are hidden in the anomaly analysis over the 10-year RegCM2 climate period.
Ancient drainage basin of the Tharsis region, Mars: Potential source for outflow channel systems and putative oceans or paleolakes

Paleotopographic reconstructions based on a synthesis of published geologic information and high-resolution topography, including topographic profiles, reveal the potential existence of an enormous drainage basin/aquifer system in the eastern part of the Tharsis region during the Noachian Period. Large topographic highs formed the margin of the gigantic drainage basin. Subsequently, lavas, sediments, and volatiles partly infilled the basin, resulting in an enormous and productive regional aquifer. The stacked sequences of water-bearing strata were then deformed locally and, in places, exposed by magmatic-driven uplifts, tectonic deformation, and erosion. This basin model provides a potential source of water necessary to carve the large outflow channel systems of the Tharsis and surrounding regions and to contribute to the formation of putative northern-plains ocean(s) and/or paleolakes.
Direct observation of reactive flow in a single fracture

We carried out a laboratory experiment to examine the relationship between local rate of dissolution and local aperture during flow of a slightly acidic aqueous solution through a rough fracture in Carrara marble under a confining pressure of 0.2 MPa. Fracture surfaces were digitized in three dimensions before the fluid flow tests and after the tests. Digital reconstruction of the aperture then allowed numerical simulation of flow patterns, and digital comparison of surfaces before and after dissolution allowed mapping of patterns of dissolution. We observed that both mean aperture and fracture permeability decreased as a result of dissolution. Despite the low confining pressure, the experiments thus simulate dissolution in deeply buried formations, in contrast to the gaping and karst formation that occur under vanishingly low confining pressure in the shallow crust. We observed that the growth of new pathways for flow changed from stable to unstable as length scale increased. At the millimeter scale the fracture aperture evolved in stable fashion from a strongly heterogeneous arrangement of tortuous flow channels to a smoother topography, while at the scale of the full rock (50 mm), the aperture developed a single, broad flow channel. The scale dependence of the dissolution pattern may be the result of changes with scale in extent of reaction (i.e., the Damköhler number) and in the relative importance of diffusion (the Peclet number). Finally, we also see evidence of a negative relationship between local fluid flux and local rate of dissolution in some locations in the fracture.
Polyphenols as a partial replacement for vitamin E in nursery pig diets

Abstract A total of 300 pigs (241 × 600; DNA, Columbus, NE; initially 6.0 ± 0.01 kg) were used in a 42-d trial to determine the effects of vitamin E levels and partially replacing vitamin E with a polyphenol (Cabanin CSD, R2 Argo, Denmark) on growth performance, complete blood count, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and cytokine panel. Sixty pens of pigs were weighed and allotted to one of the five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 12 pens per treatment. A control treatment was formulated to provide 15 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalence from vitamin E. This control treatment was then used as a base for three replacement strategy diets to determine the effects of replacing an additional 60 IU/kg of vitamin E with polyphenol in diets containing a basal level of vitamin E requirement estimate (15 IU/kg). First, an additional 60 IU/kg of vitamin E was added for a total of 75 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalence. Second, 50% of the additional vitamin E (30 IU/kg) was replaced with the equivalency of polyphenol. Third, all 60 IU/kg of the additional vitamin E was replaced with the equivalency of polyphenol. To evaluate whether there are negative effects of feeding nursery pigs a high level of polyphenol, a fifth treatment was formulated to provide 575 IU/kg of vitamin E equivalence with 75 IU/kg from vitamin E and 500 IU/kg from polyphenol. Whole blood and serum samples were collected on days 10 and 42, and pig weights and feed disappearance were measured on days 10, 21, 31, 38, and 42. For growth performance, increasing vitamin E equivalence tended to improve (quadratic, P < 0.10) gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) from days 10 to 21, and tended to improve (linear, P < 0.10) G:F from days 21 to 42 and 0 to 42. There was a vitamin E equivalence × day interaction (P = 0.050) for serum SOD activity. Increasing vitamin E equivalence increased (linear, P < 0.05) serum SOD activity on day 42 but not on days 10 (P > 0.10). For serum cytokines, there was no evidence of differences (P > 0.10) between treatments and vitamin E equivalence. Moreover, there was no evidence of differences (P > 0.10) in all response variables between the three replacement strategies throughout the entire periods. In summary, increasing vitamin E equivalence tended to improve G:F, which may be related to the improved SOD activity. Furthermore, polyphenol can effectively replace vitamin E provided above the vitamin E requirement to provide similar benefits from increasing vitamin E equivalence.