Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geographic Distribution of Stem Rust Resistance in Wheat Landraces

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. :Pers f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn. , is of renewed concern due to the emergence of a new virulent race in East Africa. Landrace accessions of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. Aestivum) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L. subsp. Durum) from the National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) could be sources of new stem rust resistance genes. In an effort to better target the screening of NSGC landrace accessions against the new race, data from the NSGC were analyzed for the geographic distribution of resistance. We used data for 5700 landrace accessions of common wheat and 2719 of durum wheat. Areas with a high incidence of stem rust resistance were found in Ethiopia, Chile, Turkey, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and adjacent areas of the former Yugoslavia. Resistance to multiple races at the seedling stage was most frequent in accessions from Ethiopia and Turkey. Resistance in durum wheat was more frequent than resistance in common wheat. The distribution of the areas with high incidence of resistant durum landraces was similar to that for common wheat landraces. A logistic regression model predicting resistance in common wheat accessions (n = 3607) from 10 traits identifi ed 192 previously untested accessions with a greater than 50% chance of being resistant. Based on this model and on the identifi cation of geographic centers for resistance, accessions will be prioritized for future screening against new stem rust races.
Social exchange and customer service: the relationship between perceived organizational support, leader-member exchange, and customer service behavior

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The initiation of Neoproterozoic "snowball" climates in CCSM3: the influence of paleocontinental configuration

Abstract. We identify the "hard snowball" bifurcation point at which total sea-ice cover of the oceans is expected by employing the comprehensive coupled climate model CCSM3 (Community Climate System Model version 3) for two realistic Neoproterozoic continental configurations, namely a low-latitude configuration appropriate for the 720 Ma Sturtian glaciation and a higher southern latitude configuration reconstructed for 570 Ma but which has often been employed in the past to study the later 635 Ma Marinoan glaciation. Contrary to previous suggestions, we find that for the same total solar insolation (TSI) and atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2), the 570 Ma continental configuration is characterized by colder climate than the 720 Ma continental configuration and enters the hard snowball state more easily on account of the following three factors: the higher effective albedo of the snow-covered land compared to that of sea ice, the more negative net cloud forcing near the ice front in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), and, more importantly, the more efficient sea-ice transport towards the Equator in the NH due to the absence of blockage by continents. Beside the paleogeography, we also find the optical depth of aerosol to have a significant influence on this important bifurcation point. When the high value (recommended by CCSM3 but demonstrated to be a significant overestimate) is employed, the critical values of pCO2, beyond which a hard snowball will be realized, are between 80 and 90 ppmv (sea-ice fraction 55%) and between 140 and 150 ppmv (sea-ice fraction 50%) for the Sturtian and Marinoan continental configurations, respectively. However, if a lower value is employed that enables the model to approximately reproduce the present-day climate, then the critical values of pCO2 become 50–60 ppmv (sea-ice fraction 57%) and 100–110 ppmv (sea-ice fraction 48%) for the two continental configurations, respectively. All of these values are higher than previously obtained for the present-day geography (17–35 ppmv) using the same model, primarily due to the absence of vegetation, which increases the surface albedo, but are much lower than that obtained previously for the Marinoan continental configuration using the ECHAM5/MPI-OM model in its standard configuration (~500 ppmv). However, when the sea-ice albedo in that model was reduced from 0.75 to a more appropriate value of 0.45, the critical pCO2 becomes ~204 ppmv, closer to the values obtained here. Our results are similar to those obtained with the present-day geography (70–100 ppmv) when the most recent version of the NCAR model, CCSM4, was employed.
An investigation of personality on entrepreneurial success

Various personality variables determine entrepreneurial intentions and ultimately entrepreneurial success. This paper investigated the influence of personality on entrepreneurial success. We examined the impact of gender, locus of control and risk-taking behaviour on the success of an entrepreneur. The participants in this study were thirty-five solo entrepreneurs located around Agbowo, University of Ibadan area, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. 34.3 percent were males and 65.7 percent were females aged between 21 and 60. Six hypotheses were tested using various statistical techniques including independent â? tâ? test, analysis of variance and multiple regression. The results showed that risk-taking behaviour and locus of control had no significant interaction effect on entrepreneurial success. There was also no significant difference between risk-taking behaviour and entrepreneurial success. The findings showed that a significant difference existed between internal locus of control and entrepreneurial success. The study also showed that there was no significant difference in the entrepreneurial success based on gender differences. Finally, locus of control, risk-taking behaviour did not collectively predict or determine entrepreneurial success. On the basis of the findings, entrepreneurs are advised to take cognizance of their personality since it can go a long way to determine the success or failure of an enterprise.
Taxonomie et évolution des Alpheidae (Crustacea, Decapoda)

La famille des Alpheidae est l'une des familles les plus diversifiees des Decapoda : elle comprend plus de 580 especes [. ]. Les crevettes appartenant a cette famille sont strictement benthiques, de taille petite a moyenne et sont caracterisees par le recouvrement souvent total des yeux, la presence de l'encoche cardiaque sur le bord posterieur de la carapace et surtout par le developpement des chelipedes. Les especes des deux genres les plus diversifiees, Alpheus et Synalpheus, sont connus sous le nom de "crevette-pistolet" du fait que le plus grand de leurs chelipedes asymetriques porte une pince munie d'un appareil claquant avec lequel ces crevettes produisent un jet d'eau puissant accompagne d'un bruit caracteristique. Une partie importante de ce travail est reservee a la morphologie des Alpheidae et plus particulierement a la diversite des regions frontales et des chelipedes. L'examen de tres proches specimens a permis de trouver plus de 130 caracteres phylogenetiques pour les representants de tous les genres des Alpheidae, et de proposer une premiere hypothese phylogenetique de cette famille au niveau inter-generique. Selon cette hypothese preliminaire, les Alpheidae formeraient un ensemble monophyletique avec une dizaine de lignees monophyletiques. L'insuffisance des caracteres et les homoplasies apparemment tres nombreuses ont conduit a des polytomies basales qui ont empeche d'individualiser de maniere claire des clades plus importants. D'autre part, la phylogenie montre que plusieurs genres, dont Alpheus, Athanas, Leptalpheus et Alpheopsis, sont paraphyletiques et demanderaient une redefinition. Les Alpheidae sont reputes etre une des familles les plus difficiles du point de vue taxonomique. La richesse specifique y est encore loin d'etre exploree, comme le montre la description de trois nouveaux genres, Bermudacaris, Orygmalpheus, Deioneus, et de plusieurs nouvelles especes (Bermudacaris harti, Orygmalpheus polites, Deioneus sandizelli, Salmoneus caboverdensis, S. Erasimorum, Stenalpheops crangonus, Athanas dentirostris, Alpheus tricolor, A. Fasqueli). D'autre part, les genres Hamalpheus et Neoalpheopsis sont mis en synonymie de Betaeopsis et Parabetaeus respectivement ; ces deux derniers genres sont redefinis. La position systematique des genres incertae sedis Pterocaris et Yagerocaris est discutee. Les livrees chromatiques des Alpheidae sont tres diversifiees et leur utilisation est possible en taxonomie ; la coloration permet notamment la separation des especes cryptiques qui sont particulierement nombreuses dans cette famille. [. ]
Draft of DAMSL Dialog Act Markup in Several Layers

2 Utterance-Tags 4 2.1 Communicative-Status . 4 2.2 Information-Level . 6 2.3 Forward Looking Function . 9 2.3. 1 Statement . 10 2.3. 2 Info-Request . 10 2.3. 3 In uencing-addressee-future-action (In uence-on-listener) 11 2.3. 4 Committing-speaker-future-action (In uence-on-speaker) . 13 2.3. 5 Discussion . 15 2.4 Backward Looking Function . 17 2.4. 1 Agreement . 17 2.4. 2 Understanding . 20 2.4. 3 Answer . 23 2.4. 4 Information-Relations . 24 2.4. 5 Antecedents . 24 2.4. 6 Discussion . 27
Ecology of the Big Brown Bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Northeastern Kansas

Study from November, 1962, through May, 1964, principally at Leavenworth, Kansas, of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, revealed that in a mine 64% of the bats in winter and almost 100% in summer were males. Hibernation began in early October and ended in April. Males hibernated earlier than did females. Hibernation was in cold areas having crevices. Many bats hibernated in clusters of 2-21. Body temperatures of hibernators matched those of the microenvironments. Homing ability was demonstrated by one bat carried 45 miles away. Coleoptera were the principal food. Copulation in autumn and parturition in spring produced, typically, one young per female. In adults, females averaged larger than males. Molt was in spring. Endoparasites and ectoparasites were recorded. Corresponding data on the species from elsewhere in its geographic range are summarized. STUDY AREAS An idle limestone mine at the southeast edge of the city of Leavenworth, overlooking the Missouri River, houses the largest colony of the brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus fuscus (Beauvois), known in Kansas. The mine served as the primary study center from November, 1962, through May, 1964. Bats in a storm sewer in Lawrence, Kansas, also yielded some data. Temperature extremes of -22 and 114 F are on record at Leavenworth. The first killing frost occurs around 20 October, and the last around 10 April (Robb, 1941). The mine is separated from the Missouri River by a low area occupied for the most part by the city dump, but with a cornfield on the part of the area between the north end of the mine and the river. The crest of the hill over the northern section of the diggings is treeless owing to burning, but the original deciduous woods are still intact on the sides of the hill and over the southern extent of the mine. Processing operations outside the north end of the mine denuded that area; it is now sparsely overgrown with weeds. The western slope of the hill over the diggings was cut into and has subsequently undergone erosion. Cockrum (1952:70) described the mine as . an abandoned rock quarry which consists of approximately one-half mile of interconnected rooms and chambers tunnelled in the side of a bluff. Several large holes, large enough for the entrance of trucks, open to the outside along the east edge of this series of chambers and two or three similar openings are on the west edge. Ground water seeps 'Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Minnesota,
From Monolithic Systems to Microservices: A Comparative Study of Performance

Currently, organizations face the need to create scalable applications in an agile way that impacts new forms of production and business organization. The traditional monolithic architecture no longer meets the needs of scalability and rapid development. The efficiency and optimization of human and technological resources prevail; this is why companies must adopt new technologies and business strategies. However, the implementation of microservices still encounters several challenges, such as the consumption of time and computational resources, scalability, orchestration, organization problems, and several further technical complications. Although there are procedures that facilitate the migration from a monolithic architecture to micro-services, none of them accurately quantifies performance differences. The current study aims primarily to analyze some related work that evaluated both architectures. Furthermore, we assess the performance and relationship between different variables of an application that runs in a monolithic structure compared to one of the micro-services. With this, the state-of-the-art review was initially conducted, which confirms the interest of the industry. Subsequently, two different scenarios were evaluated: the first one comprises a web application based on a monolithic architecture that operates on a virtual server with KVM, and the second one demonstrates the same web application based on a microservice architecture, but it runs in containers. Both situations were exposed to stress tests of similar characteristics and with the same hardware resources. For their validation, we applied the non-parametric regression mathematical model to explain the dependency relationship between the performance variables. The results provided a quantitative technical interpretation with precision and reliability, which can be applied to similar issues.
The Influence of Knowledge Acquisition on Attitudes Towards Radiation and Nuclear Technologies Among Non-Experts in Saskatchewan

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . x LIST OF FIGURES . xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Deliberative Democracy and Science Policy . 1 1.2 Attitude and Attitude Change . 3 1.3 The Information Deficit Model . 4 1.4 The Information Deficit Model as it Applies to Radiation . 7 1.5 The Context of Radiation in Saskatchewan . 8 1.6 Research Question – Testing the Deficit Model through a Controlled Experiment.10 CHAPTER TWO: REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF RADIATION KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES IN SASKATCHEWAN . 13 2.
Micro- and Nano-scale Colloidal Dynamics Near Surfaces

of “Microand Nano-scale Colloidal Dynamics Near Surfaces,” by Jeffrey S. Guasto, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2009 We present an examination of near-wall colloidal particle dynamics, their associated measurement techniques and applications to microand nano-scale fluid flows. The dynamics of small particles in solution exhibit interesting and useful properties. The most popular measurement methods for characterizing their motion are imaging techniques based on evanescent wave illumination, namely total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, which allows the imaging of small, fluorescent particles (10 nanometer to 10 micron) within a few hundred nanometers of a fluid-solid interface. In some instances, the particle intensity may be used to determine particle’s distance from the wall, and thus, the three-dimensional particle motion. In the presence of a solid boundary, the random, Brownian motion and the convective motion of the particles is modified due to interactions between the particle and wall. Some examples of these effects are hindered diffusion, shear-induced rolling, electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals attractive forces. This has immense consequences for fluid velocity measurement techniques that infer fluid motion from the measured particle motion. Evanescent wave illumination was applied to measure single particle dynamics and also to infer the fluid motion in several fluid systems. The dynamics of semiconductor nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) and single molecules were examined and applied as tracer particles, extending the resolution of particle velocimetry probes down to about 10 nm. Additionally, the inherent intensity variation of QDs with temperature was used to measure the local fluid temperature within the evanescent field. QDs were also applied to measure high speed micro-flows (near 1 cm/s) within about 200 nm of the fluid-solid interface. A three-dimensional TIRF velocimetry (3D-TIRV) technique was developed to measure slip velocities at microchannel walls with tracer particles on the order of 100 nm. The three-dimensional adhesion dynamics of large (6 micron diameter) particles were examined to determine the kinetics of adhesion ligands and receptors for applications to leukocyte dynamics. Finally, the techniques of fluorescence microscopy and in-line holographic imaging were applied to characterized the structure and dynamics of electrospray droplets. This dissertation by Jeffrey S. Guasto is accepted in its present form by the Division of Engineering as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date . Kenneth S. Breuer, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date . Derek Stein, Reader Date . Anubhav Tripathi, Reader Date . Rashid Zia, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date . Sheila Bonde Dean of Graduate School
Mendelian Randomization analyses identify causal associations of human gut microbiome composition on intelligence

Background Growing evidence indicates that dynamic changes in the gut microbiome can affect intelligence; however, whether the relationships are causal is unknown. Methods We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the summary statistics from the largest GWAS meta-analysis of gut microbiota composition (n = 18,340) and intelligence (n = 269,867). Inverse-variance weighted method was used to conduct the MR analyses complemented by a range of sensitivity analyses to validate the robustness of the results. We further applied a two-step MR analysis to evaluate whether the effect of identified taxa on intelligence was mediated by regulating the brain volume. Results MR evidence suggested a risk effect of the genus Oxalobacter on intelligence ({beta} = -0.032; 95% confidence interval, -0.049 to -0.015; P = 1.88x10-4) and a protective effect of the genus Fusicatenibacter on intelligence ({beta} = 0.051; 95% confidence interval, 0.023 to 0.079; P = 3.03x10-4). In the other direction, we did not find causal evidence of intelligence on gut microbiome composition. The mediation analysis showed that the effect of genus Fusicatenibacter on intelligence was partly mediated by regulating the brain volume, with a mediated proportion of 26.7% (95% confidence interval, 4.9% to 48.5%). Conclusions Our findings may help reshape our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and development of novel intervention approaches for preventing cognitive impairment.
Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase and Metallo-beta-lactamase Production among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains from Urine of Pregnant Women in Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from pregnant women attending Mater Misericordia Hospital Afikpo, Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Study Design: This is a laboratory based prospective study carried out on pregnant women suspected of having urinary tract infection and was requested to undergo diagnosis at microbiology laboratory of the hospital. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Afikpo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria from October, 2022 to January, 2023. Methodology: Clean-catch midstream urine samples were collected from 206 pregnant women suspected of having urinary tract infection and were requested to undergo medical diagnosis at microbiology laboratory of the hospital. The urine samples were processed following standard microbiological procedure. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was determined using the disc diffusion method, while ESBL phenotypes were determine by the Double-Disc Synergy Test (DDST). Disc potentiation test was performed to check for MBL production. Results: Out of the 206 urine samples processed, 24 (11.7 %) E. coli and 12 (5.8 %) K. pneumoniae were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates recorded a 100 % resistance with Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid and Cotrimoxazole. The Gram-negative isolates showed a high sensitivity of 100 % to Netilmicin, Meropenem and Ofloxacin. Overall, 35 (97.2 %) multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed of the bacteria isolates. A total of 9 (37.5 %) E. coli and 4 (33.3 %) K. pneumoniae was found positive for ESBL production whereas, 5 (20.8 %) E. coli and 2 (16.7 %) K. pneumoniae were MBL positive. Conclusion: The level of drug resistance in this study underscores the need for regular surveillance for effective management of urinary tract infection in pregnancy.
CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECT ON HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE-BASED COMPOSITE FILMS AND COATINGS

This study aimed to synthesize, determine characteristics of cellulose nanocrystals such as morphology, size particle, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study also evaluated effect of concentration of added cellulose nanocrystals to hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-base films and coatings containing carnauba Nano emulsion and chitosan nanoparticles. Results showed the shape and size of the nanoparticle generally depend on hydrolysis condition of microcrystalline cellulose. Cellulose nanocrystals obtained from processing hydrolyzed microcrystalline cellulose in range from 47 wt. % to 55 wt. % had length range of from 160 to 196 nm and diameter from 9 to 11 nm. Cellulose nanocrystals were added into nanocomposite HPMC that incorporated with both of carnauba Nano emulsion and chitosan nanoparticles with concentration of cellulose nanocrystals at levels: 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.1 %. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that nanocomposite films become more compact and dense due to the cellulose nanocrystals occupy empty spaces of porous of matrix nanocomposite HPMC increasing the collapse of the pores in the films. The concentration of cellulose nanocrystals at 0.5 % was added to Nanocomposite HPMC including both of carnauba nano emulsion and chitosan nanoparticles improved the physical strength of film with the best quality compared with other films as: film solubility was raised up 16.65 %, film drying time is faster than others (51.33 minutes). Assessement of the effect of cellulose nanocrystals added into the nanocomposite films coated on fruit bananas showed that respiration of bananas were reduced from 57.08 ml CO2/kg.h to 30.17 ml CO2/kg.h; weight loss was declined from 4.0 % to 1.82 % thanks to the limitation of the films gas and moisture permeability.
S-Store: A Streaming NewSQL System for Big Velocity Applications

First-generation streaming systems did not pay much attention to state management via ACID transactions (e.g., [3, 4]). S-Store is a data management system that combines OLTP transactions with stream processing. To create S-Store, we begin with H-Store, a main-memory transaction processing engine, and add primitives to support streaming. This includes triggers and transaction workflows to implement push-based processing, windows to provide a way to bound the computation, and tables with hidden state to implement scoping for proper isolation. This demo explores the benefits of this approach by showing how a naïve implementation of our benchmarks using only H-Store can yield incorrect results. We also show that by exploiting push-based semantics and our implementation of triggers, we can achieve significant improvement in transaction throughput. We demo two modern applications: (i) leaderboard maintenance for a version of "American Idol", and (ii) a city-scale bicycle rental scenario.