Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Continuum-many Boolean algebras of the form Borel

Abstract. We examine the question of how many Boolean algebras, distinct up to isomorphism, that are quotients of the powerset of the naturals by Borel ideals, can be proved to exist in ZFC alone. The maximum possible value is easily seen to be the cardinality of the continuum ; earlier work by Ilijas Farah had shown that this was the value in models of Martin's Maximum or some similar forcing axiom, but it was open whether there could be fewer in models of the Continuum Hypothesis. We develop and apply a new technique for constructing many ideals whose quotients must be nonisomorphic in any model of ZFC. The technique depends on isolating a kind of ideal, called shallow, that can be distinguished from the ideal of all finite sets even after any isomorphic embedding, and then piecing together various copies of the ideal of all finite sets using distinct shallow ideals. In this way we are able to demonstrate that there are continuum-many distinct quotients by Borel ideals, indeed by analytic P-ideals, and in fact that there is in an appropriate sense a Borel embedding of the Vitali equivalence relation into the equivalence relation of isomorphism of quotients by analytic P-ideals. We also show that there is an uncountable definable wellordered collection of Borel ideals with distinct quotients.
The Baade-Wesselink Method and the Distances to RR Lyrae Stars. VII. The Field Stars SW Andromedae and DX Delphini and a Comparison of Recent Baade-Wesselink Analyses

New BVK photometry and radial velocities from high-resolution spectroscopy for the metal-rich ([Fe/H]=-0.2) Ab-type RR Lyrae star SW Andromedae are presented. These data are utilized, along with previously published optical data, to derive the distance and absolute magnitudes of this star using the infrared surface brightness version of the Baade-Wesselink method. The metal-rich ([Fe/H]=-0.2) RR Lyrae variable DX Delphini is also analyzed using the same technique and previously published data
Estimating Trends with Percentage of Smoothness Chosen by the User

This work presents a method for estimating trends of economic time series that allows the user to fix at the outset the desired percentage of smoothness for the trend. The calculations are based on the Hodrick‐Prescott (HP) filter usually employed in business cycle analysis. The situation considered here is not related to that kind of analysis, but with describing the dynamic behaviour of the series by way of a smooth curve. To apply the filter, the user has to specify a smoothing constant that determines the dynamic behaviour of the trend. A new method that formalizes the concept of trend smoothness is proposed here to choose that constant. Smoothness of the trend is measured in percentage terms with the aid of an index related to the underlying statistical model of the HP filter. Empirical illustrations are provided using data on Mexico's GDP.
Improved Site-Specific Numerical Prediction of Fog and Low Clouds: A Feasibility Study

Abstract Accurate short-term forecasts of low ceiling and visibility are vital to air traffic operation, in order to maximize the use of an airport. The research presented here uses specific local observations and a detailed numerical 1D model in an integrated approach. The goal of the proposed methodology is to improve the local prediction of poor visibility and low clouds at Paris’s Charles de Gaulle International Airport. In addition to the development of an integrated observations and model-based forecasting system, this study will try to assess whether or not the increased local observing network yields improvements in short-term forecasts of low ceiling and poor visibility. Tests have been performed in a systematic manner during 5 months (the 2002/03 winter season). Encouraging results show that the inclusion of dedicated observations into the local 1D forecast system provides significant improvement to the forecast. Inspection of events indicates that the improvement in very short-term forecasts is.
Monte Carlo study for physiological interference reduction in near-infrared spectroscopy based on empirical mode decomposition

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used as the basis of non-invasive neuroimaging that may allow the measurement of haemodynamic changes in the human brain evoked by applied stimuli. Since this technique is very sensitive, physiological interference arising from the cardiac cycle and breathing can significantly affect the signal quality. Such interference is difficult to remove by conventional techniques because it occurs not only in the extracerebral layer but also in the brain tissue itself. Previous work on this problem employing temporal filtering, spatial filtering, and adaptive filtering have exhibited good performance for recovering brain activity data in evoked response studies. However, in this study, we present a time-frequency adaptive method for physiological interference reduction based on the combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and Hilbert spectral analysis (HSA). Monte Carlo simulations based on a five-layered slab model of a human adult head were implemented to evaluate our methodology. We applied an EMD algorithm to decompose the NIRS time series derived from Monte Carlo simulations into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). In order to identify the IMFs associated with symmetric interference, the extracted components were then Hilbert transformed from which the instantaneous frequencies could be acquired. By reconstructing the NIRS signal by properly selecting IMFs, we determined that the evoked brain response is effectively filtered out with even higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results obtained demonstrated that EMD, combined with HSA, can effectively separate, identify and remove the contamination from the evoked brain response obtained with NIRS using a simple single source–detector pair.
On Residually Reducible Representations on Local Rings

Let A be a local Artinian ring with maximal ideal M and residual field k . Let R be an A-algebra. We mean by an n-dimensional A-representaŽ . tion of R any homomorphism of A-algebra r from R to M A . For such n a representation, we denote by r the residual representation with values in Ž . M k . It is proven by Carayol that such a representation, if r is absolutely n irreducible, is completely determined by its trace. In the reducible case, Ž one cannot generalize this theorem without assuming more hypothesis see w x. the counterexample given in 1 . The purpose of this note is to give a generalization in the reducible case. It is the best generalization one can Ž . get see remarks .
Effects of Temperature Anisotropy on Neoclassical Transport in the Plateau and Banana-Plateau Regimes

The neoclassical transport theory in a presence of temperature anisotropy is investigated in the low to the intermediate collision frequency regimes for a large aspect-ratio tokamak plasma. The standard procedure for an isotropic plasma in the plateau regime is extended to an anisotropic plasma, and the neoclassical transport coefficients in this regime are explicitly calculated. By interpolating the results in the plateau regime and the previously obtained ones in the banana regime, the expressions for the neoclassical transport coefficients which are continuously valid from the banana to the plateau regimes are presented.
All-optical switching of localized surface plasmon resonance in single gold nanosandwich using GeSbTe film as an active medium

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) switching was investigated in a Au/GeSbTe/Au nanosandwich as a key active element for plasmonic integrated circuits and devices. Near-infrared single-particle spectroscopy was conducted to examine the interaction of a Au nanorod (AuNR) and Au film, between which a GeSbTe layer was incorporated as an active phase-change media. Numerical calculation revealed that hybridized modes of the AuNR and Au film exhibit a significant change of scattering intensity with the phase change. In particular, the antisymmetric (magnetic resonance) mode can be modulated effectively by the extinction coefficient of GST, as well as its refractive index. Experimental demonstration of the switching operation was performed by alternate irradiation with a picosecond pulsed laser for amorphization and a continuous wave laser for crystallization. Repeatable modulation was obtained by monitoring the scattering light around the LSPR peak at λ = 1070 nm.
Vector Control System of Induction Motor Based on Fuzzy Control Method

Aiming at non-linear model of multivariable induction motor, traditional PI method is hard to achieve satisfactory control purpose. Fuzzy control can carry the real-time control on system without the accurate mathematical model of induction motor. This paper elaborates induction motor vector control system and the basic principle of the fuzzy PI, making use of fuzzy reasoning, automatically adjusting the controller’s parameters. Simulation results prove that fuzzy PI controller is superior to traditional PI controller in the aspect of response speed, steady state accuracy and disturbance attenuation.
Experimental optimization of an anisotropic etching process for random texturization of silicon solar cells

A multifactor experimental investigation of silicon surface texturing was conducted using aqueous potassium-hydroxide (KOH) solutions with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) added as a complexing agent. Czochralski, magnetic-Czochralski, and float-zone silicon wafers of different resistivities with both polished and lapped surfaces were included in the experiment. Process variables considered were solution temperature, time in solution, degree of mechanical mixing, KOH concentration, and IPA concentration. Using hemispherical reflectance as the primary gauge of success, process variables that resulted in an effective surface texture with reflectance less than 12% prior to antireflection coating were identified. Of particular interest was a low-temperature (70 degrees C) process with less than 2% concentration of both KOH and IPA and wide process variable tolerances. <<ETX>>
Bayesian estimation of the multidimensional graded response model with nonignorable missing data

A Bayesian approach is developed for analysing item response models with nonignorable missing data. The relevant model for the observed data is estimated concurrently in conjunction with the item response model for the missing-data process. Since the approach is fully Bayesian, it can be easily generalized to more complicated and realistic models, such as those models with covariates. Furthermore, the proposed approach is illustrated with item response data modelled as the multidimensional graded response models. Finally, a simulation study is conducted to assess the extent to which the bias caused by ignoring the missing-data mechanism can be reduced.
Simultaneous seismic data denoising and reconstruction via multichannel singular spectrum analysis

We present a rank reduction algorithm that permits simultaneous reconstruction and random noise attenuation of seismic records. We based our technique on multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA). The technique entails organizing spatial data at a given temporal frequency into a block Hankel matrix that in ideal conditions is a matrix of rank k , where k is the number of plane waves in the window of analysis. Additive noise and missing samples will increase the rank of the block Hankel matrix of the data. Consequently, rank reduction is proposed as a means to attenuate noise and recover missing traces. We present an iterative algorithm that resembles seismic data reconstruction with the method of projection onto convex sets. In addition, we propose to adopt a randomized singular value decomposition to accelerate the rank reduction stage of the algorithm. We apply MSSA reconstruction to synthetic examples and a field data set. Synthetic examples were used to assess the performance of the method in two.
SAR response to partially coherent phenomena

The general problem is considered of a partially coherent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging a scene that is subjected to random fade. The impulse response, frequency response, and response to extended random fields are formally derived, and the problem is addressed of estimating SAR impulse response from measures of spectra Corresponding to random distributed scenes. Explicit results are obtained using Gaussian functions to describe the SAR, its coherence, and the scene coherence.
Dissipativity and stability of interconnections

A new definition of dissipativity is proposed. It is purely in terms of the rate of supply that goes in and out of a dynamical system. It is proven that dissipativity is equivalent to the existence of a non‐negative storage. Several results regarding the dissipativity of systems defined by quadratic differential forms are given, and some open questions are mentioned. These ideas are applied to the question of stability of interconnected systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Usefulness Of ECG Frequency Spectrum Analysis

The QRS portion of the electrocardiogram of the complexes of patients were sampled at the rate of 1024 samples per second. The power spectral densities were calculated using the fast Fourier transform on a quarter of a second portion of an FM recorded ECG, centered on the peak of the R wave. It was discovered that in a typical QRS complex of normal duration, virtually all of the power is contained in frequencies below 30 Hz with peak power occurring in the range of 4 to 12 Hz. It should be noted that the frequency corresponding to the location of the peak is the heart rate of the patient. Furthermore, most noticeably, premature ventricular contractions typically contain less high frequency power than normal beats, with virtually all the power contained in frequencies below 12 Hz with peak power located at about 4 Hz. FinalIy, notches in some QRS complexes was associated with a broadened distribution of power in the power spectral density even though the tail from 30-100 Hz contained relatively less power than that contained in the frequency band below 30 Hz.
A second century of einstein? Bose-Einstein condensation and quantum information

A century ago Albert Einstein transformed classical physics with his seminal papers on Brownian motion, the Photoelectric effect, and, of course, special and later general relativity. Lesser well-known are his contributions to BoseEinstein Condensation and the EinsteinPodolskyRosen paradox, the latter being a criticism of Quantum Mechanics. These later works were regarded even by physicists for decades as mere Gedanken or thought experiments. In recent years, not only have they been verified experimentally but revolutionary technological applications are emerging including quantum cryptography and possibly quantum computing. PACS Nos.: 03.65, 03.67, 03.75, 05.30. Jp
A dynamic model for tool wear detection using acoustic emission

Abstract In this paper we present a dynamic model that can be used for monitoring those processes that gradually deteriorate from an acceptable condition(process in control)to an unacceptable condition(process out of control). Monitoring of a cutting tool for detection of wear is an example of such a process, where a cutting tool is sharp until it becomes worn. The model is tested, using the spectral components of acoustic emission signals generated in an earlier work, the results are very promising.
Experiments with Succinct Solvers

The Succinct Solver of Nielson and Seidl is based on the Alternation-free Least Fixed Point Logic and it is implemented in SML using a combination of recursion, continuations, prefix trees and memoisation. It is known that the actual formulation of the analysis has a great impact on the execution time of the solver and the aim of this note is to provide some insight into which formulations are better than others. The experiments addresses three general issues: (i) the order of the parameters of relations, (ii) the order of conjuncts in preconditions and (iii) the use of memoisation. The experiments are performed for Control Flow Analyses for Discretionary Ambients.
A novel high-performance magnetic gear

Mechanical gearboxes are used extensively to match the operating speed of prime-movers to the requirements of their loads. Although, high system torque densities can be achieved, gear lubrication and cooling are often required, whilst noise, vibration and reliability can be significant issues. The paper describes the design and performance of a magnetic gear, which employs rare-earth magnets, which simulation studies have shown to have a transmitted torque density exceeding 100 kNm/m/sup 3/.
Solar‐wind structure determined by corotating coronal inhomogeneities: 2. Arbitrary perturbations

The problem of the solar-wind structure resulting from long-lived inhomogeneities in the solar corona has been extended within the framework of a linearized hydrodynamic approach to allow for arbitrary perturbations in the plasma parameters, namely, velocity, density, and temperature. By using a Parker model for the zero-order flow speed, solutions are given for perturbations imposed at the zero-order critical point. Using the restriction that the solutions must be regular at the critical point, it is possible to express all situations as a linear sum of the solutions for pure velocity, density, and temperature perturbations at the critical point. The results of the integrations for the three inner-boundary conditions can be used as the elements of matrices that map arbitrary perturbations at one heliocentric distance to any other distance. One interesting feature of the solutions is that the amplitudes at earth for the pure initial temperature situation are larger than for the other two situations. Thus, if the perturbation amplitudes at the critical point are all of the same order of magnitude, the temperature perturbation will dominate the structure at earth. In fact, the phases between the perturbations at earth given by the pure initial temperature situation are similar to the observations.
Fixed point theorems with applications to economics and game theory: Fixed point theorems for correspondences

One of the problems in economics that economists have devoted a considerable amount of attention in prevalent years has been to ensure consistency in the models they employ. Assuming markets to be generally in some state of equilibrium, it is asked under what circumstances such equilibrium is possible. The fundamental mathematical tools used to address this concern are fixed point theorems: the conditions under which sets of assumptions have a solution. This book gives the reader access to the mathematical techniques involved and goes on to apply fixed point theorems to proving the existence of equilibria for economics and for co-operative and noncooperative games. Special emphasis is given to economics and games in cases where the preferences of agents may not be transitive. The author presents topical proofs of old results in order to further clarify the results. He also proposes fresh results, notably in the last chapter, that refer to the core of a game without transitivity. This book will be useful as a text or reference work for mathematical economists and graduate and advanced undergraduate students.
THE LACE EXPANSION FOR SELF-AVOIDING WALK IN FIVE OR MORE DIMENSIONS

This paper is a continuation of the companion paper [14], in which it was proved that the standard model of self-avoiding walk in five or more dimensions has the same critical behaviour as the simple random walk, assuming convergence of the lace expansion. In this paper we prove the convergence of the lace expansion, an upper and lower infrared bound, and a number of other estimates that were used in the companion paper. The proof requires a good upper bound on the critical point (or equivalently a lower bound on the connective constant). In an appendix, new upper bounds on the critical point in dimensions higher than two are obtained, using elementary methods which are independent of the lace expansion. The proof of convergence of the lace expansion is computer assisted. Numerical aspects of the proof, including methods for the numerical evaluation of simple random walk quantities such as the two-point function (or lattice Green function), are treated in an appendix.
Impression and diffusional creep of anisotropic media

Some diffusion problems in the impression and diffusional creep of anisotropic materials are analyzed. It is found that at the limit of low stress, both the diffusional creep rate and impression velocity are proportional to the applied stress. For a parallelepiped crystal under simple tension or compression in the Z direction, the diffusional creep rate depends on all three principal diffusivities, DX, DY, and DZ. Two limiting cases depend on the quantity √DXDY/DZ. When this quantity is large the creep rate is proportional to √DZ but when it is small the creep rate is independent of DZ. For a cylindrical crystal under tension or compression in the axial Z direction, the creep rate depends on Dr/DZ. When the ratio is large, the creep rate is the same as the isotropic case except that the effective diffusivity is √DrDZ. When the ratio is small, the creep rate is proportional to Dr and independent of DZ. For the impression creep of a half‐space the punch velocity is proportional to the geometric mean of the .
Soliton self-trapping generation by femtosecond pulse in the highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber

Firstly, the possibility of yielding soliton self-trapping in the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is analyzed, and it is found that, due to the high modal birefringence of PCF, the femtosecond-order initial pulse must be considered in order to realize the soliton self-trapping, so the effects of higher-order nonlinearity and higher-order dispersion need to be taken into account. Secondly, based on the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations, the influences of higher-order nonlinear and dispersive effects on the threshold value and the quality of soliton self-trapping are studied in detail with the slip-step Fourier method. The numerical results show that, the higher-order nonlinearity doesn't affect the threshold value but induces both the attenuation and red shift of the two polarized components, and the higher-order dispersion not only influence the pulse shape and width of two polarized components, but also change the threshold value under appropriate conditions. In conclusion, the PCF can also yield the soliton self-trapping with the interactions of all effects above.
Projective geometry for orthogonal groups.

We study the geometry connected with homomorphisms a: O(f, k) — » O (g, K) between the orthogonal groups of two quadratic forms / and g over fields k and K with characteristic not two. The isomorphism theory is well understood and has a long history, for example, see Dieudonne [2], Hahn [4] and O'Meara [9]; in particular, the theory leads directly to the Fundamental Theorem of Projective Geometry. I f / i s an isotropic from, the orthogonal group Q(f) is close to being simple; Borel and Tits [1] have developed an extensive homomorphism theory in this case for algebraic groups. We are interested mainly in anisotropic forms where O(f) may have a large family of normal subgroups about which, in general, little is known. Weisfeiler [10] has developed an anisotropic theory but only for the case