Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in the Bergen Climate Model

Abstract The link between the interannual to interdecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the atmospheric forcing is investigated using 200 yr of a control simulation of the Bergen Climate Model, where the mean circulation cell is rather realistic, as is also the location of deep convection in the northern North Atlantic. The AMOC variability has a slightly red frequency spectrum and is primarily forced by the atmosphere. The maximum value of the AMOC is mostly sensitive to the deep convection in the Irminger Sea, which it lags by about 5 yr. The latter is mostly forced by a succession of atmospheric patterns that induce anomalous northerly winds over the area. The impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on deep convection in the Labrador and Greenland Seas is represented realistically, but its influence on the AMOC is limited to the interannual time scale and is primarily associated with wind forcing. The tropical Pacific shows a strong variability in the model,.
Discrete element modelling of bedload transport

Nous presentons un modele pour decrire le transport solide par charriage a l'echelle de la particule. La phase granulaire est modelisee par la methode des elements discrets. La phase fluide est prise a partir de mesures experimentales de profil fluide. Le couplage se fait uniquement en considerant l'effet du fluide sur les grains a travers la force de trainee. Les resultats du modele sont compares a une experience particuliere. Nous obtenons un accord satisfaisant compte tenu de la simplicite du couplage.
Comparing rates of adverse events detected in incident reporting and the Global Trigger Tool: a systematic review

Abstract Many hospitals continue to use incident reporting systems (IRSs) as their primary patient safety data source. The information IRSs collect on the frequency of harm to patients [adverse events (AEs)] is generally of poor quality, and some incident types (e.g. diagnostic errors) are under-reported. Other methods of collecting patient safety information using medical record review, such as the Global Trigger Tool (GTT), have been developed. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review to empirically quantify the gap between the percentage of AEs detected using the GTT to those that are also detected via IRSs. The review was conducted in adherence to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Studies published in English, which collected AE data using the GTT and IRSs, were included. In total, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were undertaken in hospitals and were published between 2006 and 2022. The studies were conducted in six countries, mainly in the USA (nine studies). Studies reviewed 22 589 medical records using the GTT across 107 institutions finding 7166 AEs. The percentage of AEs detected using the GTT that were also detected in corresponding IRSs ranged from 0% to 37.4% with an average of 7.0% (SD 9.1; median 3.9 and IQR 5.2). Twelve of the fourteen studies found <10% of the AEs detected using the GTT were also found in corresponding IRSs. The >10-fold gap between the detection rates of the GTT and IRSs is strong evidence that the rate of AEs collected in IRSs in hospitals should not be used to measure or as a proxy for the level of safety of a hospital. IRSs should be recognized for their strengths which are to detect rare, serious, and new incident types and to enable analysis of contributing and contextual factors to develop preventive and corrective strategies. Health systems should use multiple patient safety data sources to prioritize interventions and promote a cycle of action and improvement based on data rather than merely just collecting and analysing information.
Neutron diffraction study of hydrous phase G: Hydrogen in the lower mantle hydrous silicate, phase G

A neutron powder diffraction study was performed to determine the sites occupied by hydrogen in the structure of DHMS phase G, which is stable at the pressure‐temperature conditions of the transition zone and lower mantle. The diffraction data from small samples (about 3 mg) were collected by using a highly sensitive imaging plate detector at the BIX‐3 beamline at JRR‐3M nuclear plant in JAERI Tokai Laboratory, Japan. The present neutron diffraction data reveal that hydrogen (and deuterium) is located in the 6k site of Wykoff letter in the MO6 layer of the phase G structure with the space group . The bond lengths of O‐H and O‐D are 1.1(4) and 0.8(3) Å, respectively. This result is consistent with previous Raman spectroscopic studies of this phase.
atopic dermatitis specific questionnaires or the Family DLQI or the generic Family Reported Outcome Measure, FROM-16.

Ple a s e no t e: Ch a n g e s m a d e a s a r e s ul t of p u blishing p roc e s s e s s uc h a s copy-e di ting, for m a t ting a n d p a g e n u m b e r s m ay no t b e r eflec t e d in t his ve r sion. For t h e d efini tive ve r sion of t his p u blica tion, ple a s e r ef e r to t h e p u blish e d sou rc e. You a r e a dvise d to cons ul t t h e p u blish e r’s ve r sion if you wish to ci t e t his p a p er.
Is crop residue a waste

Reducing and off setting anthropogenic emission of CO2 by fossil fuel combustion is a major global issue because of the threat of climate change associated with rapid increase in atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2). Renewable sources of energy and production of biofuel energy is an important strategy of global significance for reducing CO2 from the atmosphere. In 1999, President Clinton called for the United States to increase annual energy production from renewable resources by 2030 (Federal Register, 1999). In 2003, President George W. Bush set a national goal to reduce greenhouse gas intensity of the U.S. economy by 18 percent by 2012 (U.S. Department of State, 2003). The greenhouse gas intensity is defined as the ratio of the greenhouse gas emitted (expressed as C equivalent) per real gross domestic product. Consequently, the importance of bioenergy is widely recognized, and the sources of biomass to be used as a feedstock for biofuel production are being enthusiastically pursued. It is in this regard that crop residues are being considered as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. To be economically and ecologically viable, gains in energy from a potential biomass source must outweigh the energy use in production and collation …
Evaluation of JERS-1, ERS-1 and Almaz SAR backscatter for rubber and oil palm stands in West Malaysia

Abstract While many reports have been published on radar backscatter characteristics of coniferous and deciduous forests, little work appears to have been done on investigating the backscatter properties of palm trees. In this study, Japanese JERS-1 L HH band, European ERS-1 C VV band and Russian Almaz-1B S HH band SAR data have been acquired over parts of Kedah and Penang states in West Malaysia in order to investigate the radar backscatter properties for oil palms and rubber trees for each of these sensors. Results show that the radar backscatter for the deciduous rubber trees, for both JERS-1 and ERS-1, appear to behave in accordance with what has been reported earlier for coniferous and deciduous trees, that is, scattering on trunks, branches and twigs at L-band and scattering in the canopy at C-band. The JERS-1 backscatter shows limited correlation with the rubber growth while no relation is found in the ERS-1 data. Oil palms with their characteristic structures affect the radar signal differently co.
Computation of clear‐air radar backscatter from numerical simulations of turbulence: 2. Backscatter moments throughout the lifecycle of a Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability

[1] Franke et al. (2011) describe a numerical simulation of the instability and turbulent breakdown of Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) billows at a high Reynolds number, numerical assessment of radar backscatter, and accuracies of inferred Doppler spectral moments for one test volume. Those results suggest a potential for significant measurement biases for radars that obtain backscatter from refractive index fluctuations. We present in this paper the morphology of computed radar moments throughout the KH instability lifecycle for two radar configurations in order to reveal the evolving character of radar backscatter and compare the radar velocity estimates with true velocities throughout the evolution, and to provide guidance, and cautions, for the interpretation of these dynamics in observational data. Results reveal strong variations in backscatter moments and character, and dependence on radar measurement parameters, that should be beneficial in the interpretation of such measurements in the atmosphere. Backscatter power predictions agree reasonably with observations of such events and their temporal evolutions. Our results also reveal a potential for significant measurement or sensitivity biases, some of which were predicted previously. Examples include a lack of significant backscatter power in well-mixed billow cores, suggesting possibly weak turbulence where in fact it may be strongest, maximum backscatter power in the billow exteriors, where refractive index fluctuations are large but turbulence is weak, underestimated vertical velocities within the KH billows at early times, and inferred significant vertical velocities where true vertical velocities are near zero at late stages of restratification, especially in the edge regions of the turbulence layer.
Cities and Low Carbon Transitions

1. Introduction Harriet Bulkeley, Vanesa Castan Broto, Mike Hodson and Simon Marvin Part I 2. The Role of Cities in Technological Transitions: Analytical Clarifications and Historical Examples Frank Geels 3. Governing Urban Low Carbon Transitions Harriet Bulkeley, Vanesa Castan Broto and Anne Maassen 4. The Carbon Calculus and Transitions in Urban Politics and Political Theory Aidan While 5. Can Cities Shape Socio-Technical Transitions and How Would We Know If They Were? Mike Hodson and Simon Marvin Part II 6. Urban Energy Transitions in Chinese Cities Shobhakar Dhakal 7. The 'Eco-Cities' Freiburg and Graz: The Social Dynamics of Pioneering Urban Energy and Climate Governance Philipp Spath and Harald Rohracher 8. The Rise of Post-Nnetworked Cities in Europe? Recombining Infrastructural, Ecological and Urban Transformations in Low-Carbon Transitions Olivier Coutard and Jonathan Rutherford 9. Living Laboratories For Sustainability: Exploring The Politics and Epistemology of Urban Transition James Evans and Andrew Karvonen 10. Municipal Bureaucracies and Integrated Urban Transitions to a Low Carbon Future Alex Aylett 11. Community-led Urban Transitions and Resilience: Performing Transition Towns in a City Amanda Smith 12. Building Liveable Cities: Urban Low Impact Developments as Low Carbon Solutions? Jenny Pickerill 13. Conclusions Mike Hodson, Simon Marvin, Harriet Bulkeley and Vanesa Castan Broto
The efforts of tourism department of Sragen in improving tourist visit at sangiran site museum

ABSTRAK The objectives of this final project are to describe the efforts that have been done by Tourism Department of Sragen to improve tourist visit at Sangiran Site museum including its problems faced by them and its solutions for the problems. This report applies three methods of collecting data; they were observation, interview, and library study. Methods of analysis were done by collecting the data, selecting the data, analyzing the classified data, and drawing conclusion. The result of this research shows that Tourism in order to be a favorite tourist destination in Sragen. Therefore, the writer Department of Sragen has responsibility in improving tourist visit at Sangiran Site museum. The number of tourist visiting this place tends to increase each year. However, Tourism Department of Sragen should keep on developing this object gives some suggestions in the end of this report to help Tourism Department of Sragen find the weakness and inspire them to improve the quality of the attractions.
Moving toward reality: Electrocortical reactivity to naturalistic multimodal emotional videos.

While previous research has investigated the effects of emotional videos on peripheral physiological measures and conscious experience, this study extends the research to include electrocortical measures, specifically the steady-state visual-evoked potential (ssVEP). A carefully curated set of 45 videos, designed to represent a wide range of emotional and neutral content, were presented with a flickering border. The videos featured a continuous single-shot perspective, natural soundtrack, and excluded elements associated with professional films, to enhance realism. The results demonstrate a consistent reduction in ssVEP amplitude during emotional videos which strongly correlates with the rated emotional intensity of the clips. This suggests that narrative audiovisual stimuli have the potential to track dynamic emotional processing in the cortex, providing new avenues for research in affective neuroscience. The findings highlight the potential of using realistic video stimuli to investigate how the human brain processes emotional events in a paradigm that increases ecological validity. Future studies can further develop this paradigm by expanding the video set, targeting specific cortical networks, and manipulating narrative predictability. Overall, this study establishes a foundation for investigating emotional perception using realistic video stimuli and has the potential to expand our understanding of real-world emotional processing in the human brain.
Waking Experience and Circadian Rhythms Result in Differential Modulation of Sleep and Wake States

Sleep is thought to be tightly regulated by two processes, a homeostatic and a circadian process, which interact in a complex way to integrate prior wakefulness and circadian time (Borbély et al., 1982). Despite extensive research, however, little is known about how each contributes to the regulation of sleep and wake states. The goal of this study was to explore the regulation of sleep and wake during and after extended wakefulness and describe how different waking experiences may contribute to changes in brain-wide electrophysiological activity and neuronal activity reporters. In addition, sleep and wake regulation was compared in the presence and absence of circadian rhythms. This study demonstrates that waking experience during sleep deprivation (SD) changes sleep state dynamics following SD and results in experience-specific electroencephalography (EEG) patterns during wake. Sleep and wake regulation was shown to be different in rhythmic and arrhythmic animals. This difference was reflected in the percent of time spent in each state and in cumulative amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep at baseline and during and after sleep deprivation. An automated pipeline for detecting whole brain neuronal activity reporters in 2D sections was also developed as a complement to EEG studies, allowing for the interrogation of changes in regional activity over time. Taken together, this study contributes to our understanding of sleep-wake regulation by demonstrating (1) that wake experiences differentially modulate sleep homeostatic responses and (2) that the homeostat responds differently to high sleep pressure in the absence of circadian rhythms.
Management of Nitrate Loading in the Chao Phraya Estuary

Nitrate loading in the Chao Phraya estuary, derived primarily from agricultural waste, is considered to be the most significant factor in causing oxygen depletion. In order to maintain appropriate levels of dissolved oxygen in the estuary control of nitrate loading is required. This paper describes a simulation model of nitrate dispersion in the Chao Phraya estuary, which allows the normalized nitrate distribution over the estuary in the dry season to be determined. By introducing a number of fictitious nitrate loadings at the upper boundary, the distribution of dissolved oxygen in the estuary is obtained. Further by employing the limiting level of dissolved oxygen at 2 mg/1 (the survival limit of biota), the pattern of allowable nitrate loading is elaborated.
Management and welfare of farm animals : the UFAW farm handbook

Description: A major update of the standard introductory textbook on farm animal husbandry and welfare. The central theme of the UFAW Farm Handbook is the welfare implications of farm animal methods. The rise in consumer demand for alternative methods and improved standards in the production of food from animals is reflected in the book. Key features:-covers a range of production methods from large commercial units to small hobby farms-all major farmed species are included-offers practical advice on ways to assure and improve welfare of farm animals-different systems are critiqued and the welfare impacts compared. New to this edition:-fully revised and updated to reflect current methods and thinking-more emphasis on general concepts and practice including new chapters on: promotion of welfare through good husbandry; welfare assessment and assurance on–farm; promotion of animal welfare in society-new species–based chapters on: horses; camelids; pheasants; and ostriches.
Genetic effects of inflammation markers on exhaled nitric oxide in schoolchildren with asthma: A twin study

Background: Exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils are clinical asthma type 2 markers in use. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is often involved in the inflammation associated with atopic asthma. The effect of both blood eosinophils and allergen-specific IgE on exhaled nitric oxide levels is not completely understood. Twin-design studies can improve understanding of the underlying contribution of genetically and/or environmentally driven inflammation markers in asthma. Our aim was to disentangle the covariance between asthma and exhaled nitric oxide into genetic and environmental contributions that can account for inflammation markers in a paediatric population. Methods: This population-based, cross-sectional twin study enrolled 612 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) schoolchildren. Multivariate structural equation modelling was utilized to separate the covariance between asthma and exhaled nitric oxide into genetic and/or environmental effects, taking allergen-specific IgE level and blood eosinophil count into account while controlling for confounding factors. Results: The cross-twin/cross-trait correlations had a higher magnitude in the MZ twins than in the DZ twins indicating that genes affect the association. The likelihood ratio test for model fitting resulted in the AE model as the most parsimonious. A majority, 73%, of the phenotypic correlation between asthma and exhaled nitric oxide, r=0.19 (0.05–0.33), was attributable to genetic effects which mainly was due to the allergen-specific IgE level. Conclusions: This study indicate that the association between asthma - exhaled nitric oxide in children is to a large extent explained by genetics via allergen-specific IgE-level but not blood eosinophils. This might partly explain the clinical heterogeneity in this group. A next step could be to include allergen-specific IgE level in multivariate omic-studies.
Compreendendo a governança territorial e suas possibilidades: Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL) e circuitos turísticos

Este articulo recoge los conceptos, teorias y datos con el fin de entender como se articulan nuevas formas de gobernanza del territorio, a traves de las estrategias institucionales y de organizacion de los actores locales para movilizar los activos especificos del territorio en proyectos de desarrollo local. Este estudio propone una base teorica para los estudios aplicados tratando de entender como expresar las organizaciones e instituciones, sus actores y agentes en el entorno de la estructura de gobernanza territorial, en vista de varios contextos socio-espaciales y territoriales en Brasil. Por lo tanto, los Arreglos productivos locales (APL) y Tours aparecen como estrategias innovadoras de gobernanza territorial, dado el caracter de su propia configuracion de la relacion entre el Estado, privados, las instituciones sociales y otros.
Experimental results for a pressure reducer control with a modular actuator*

This paper addresses the control of a pressure regulator which reduces the pressure from an upstream chamber to a desired lower pressure in a downstream one. Most results in the literature, either neglect the actuator dynamic embedded in the reducer, or develop a specific design dedicated to their system. In this study, we propose to take into account this inner dynamic with a control system designed independently. The objective is to enable a modular architecture. It also justifies classical cascade control approach. A modeling work of the physical system combined with some practical assumptions provides a simple linear model. An output feedback control is designed to ensure stability, performance requirements and to cope with a saturation nonlinearity. Robust analysis approach and sector condition are used to address this feature as well as to take into account the dynamic of the independent controlled actuator with reduced assumptions on this subsystem. Stability condition of the overall system is expressed with LMI tests. Simulation and experimental tests show the validity of the proposed methodology.
A comparison of binary and multiclass support vector machine models for volcanic lithology estimation using geophysical log data from Liaohe Basin, China

Lithology estimation of rocks, especially volcanic lithology, is one of the major goals of geophysical exploration. In this paper, we propose the use of binary and multiclass support vector machine models with geophysical log data to estimate the volcanic lithology of the Liaohe Basin, China. Using neutron (CNL), density (DEN), acoustic (AC), deep lateral resistivity (RLLD), and gamma-ray (GR) log data from 40 wells (a total of 1200 log data points) in the Liaohe Basin, China, we first construct the binary support vector machine model to classify volcanic rock and non-volcanic rock. Then, we expand the binary model to a multiclass model using the approach of directed acyclic graphs, and construct multiclass models to classify six types of volcanic rocks: basalt, non-compacted basalt, trachyte, non-compacted trachyte, gabbro and diabase. To assess the accuracy of these two models, we compare their predictions with core data from four wells (at 800 different depth points in total). Results indicate that the accuracy of the binary and multiclass models are 98.4% and 87%, respectively, demonstrating that binary and multiclass support vector machine models are effective methods for classifying volcanic lithology. This paper describes the use of binary and multiclass support vector machine models with geophysical log data to estimate the volcanic lithology of the Liaohe Basin in China. A comparison between predicted data and actual data from four wells indicates that binary and multiclass support vector machine models are effective methods for classifying volcanic lithology.