Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Laser Synthesized Graphene and Its Applications

Since graphene was discovered, a great deal of research effort has been devoted to finding more and more effective synthetic routes, stimulated by its astounding properties and manifold promising applications. Over the past decade, laser synthesis has been proposed as a viable synthesis method to reduce graphene oxide to graphene as well as to obtain graphene from other carbonaceous sources such as polymers or other natural materials. This review first proposes to discuss the various conditions under which graphene is obtained from the reduction of graphene oxide or is induced from other materials using laser sources. After that, a wide range of applications proposed for the obtained materials are discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn and the author’s perspectives are given.
Improving Data Quality Using Amazon Mechanical Turk Through Platform Setup

As the use of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has increased among social science researchers, so, too, has research into the merits and drawbacks of the platform. However, while many endeavors have sought to address issues such as generalizability, the attentiveness of workers, and the quality of the associated data, there has been relatively less effort concentrated on integrating the various strategies that can be used to generate high-quality data using MTurk samples. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is twofold. First, existing studies are integrated into a set of strategies/best practices that can be used to maximize MTurk data quality. Second, focusing on task setup, selected platform-level strategies that have received relatively less attention in previous research are empirically tested to further enhance the contribution of the proposed best practices for MTurk usage.
Comparison of Hill Climbing and Perturb & Observe Method for PV Array using DC-DC Converter

Solar Power or the Photo-voltaic Array (PV) is one of the most widely used renewable energy resources, there are two barriers while opting for the PV systems, i.e. low energy conversion efficiency and high initial cost , so it is more important to work the PV at its maximum power point. There are number of Maximum Power Point Tracking techniques under which, the Perturb-and-Observe and Incremental Conductance are widely popular. Maximum Power Point Tracking is important for the Photo-Voltaic systems as it improves the efficiency of the photo-voltaic systems. This paper presents the detailed comparison between the Hill Climbing Method, Perturb-Observe Method, Output results for each method have been recorded and these methods have been simulated in MATLAB – Math Works.
Sustainable Corporate Governance: The Impact Factors for Top Consulting Engineering Companies in Taiwan

The objective of this research was to explore the impact factors of sustainable corporate governance for top consulting engineering companies in Taiwan, to facilitate managers in meeting stakeholders’ needs and adapting to the challenges of the global markets. Nine hypotheses derived from a literature review were proposed and used to develop a survey. Based on the concept of structural equation modeling (SEM) and these hypotheses, a questionnaire containing six aspects and comprising 46 stems was developed using the Likert 5-scale format. The survey took around four months to administer with 324 effective returns, with only five hypotheses confirmed. This was followed by factor analysis to determine the weight sequence for the 28 impact factors and four aspects. The contributions of the findings are as follows: (1) the weighted factors provide practitioners with guidelines for the proper order for the implementation of measures to improve corporate governance, and (2) they answer questions about the degree of influence and the relationship among all aspects and factors for sustainable corporate governance.
A velamentous and furcate cord insertion in a vasa previa setting: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition. Case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Furcate cord insertion is a rare abnormality of the umbilical cord insertion, in which the umbilical vessels separate before inserting into the placenta. Only a few case reports have been published on this topic. Underreporting may be due to confusion with a velamentous insert and insufficient screening for placental cord abnormalities. Case Report: A 34-year-old women presented for a routine first trimester scan. Ultrasound examination revealed a low-lying anterior placenta and a posterior cord insertion with long velamentous vessels running close to the internal cervical ostium. Serial follow-up scans confirmed the findings of a velamentous and furcate cord insertion in a vasa previa setting. Elective caesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of gestation. Macroscopic examination of the placenta confirmed the prenatal findings. Conclusion: Furcate velamentous cord insertion and vasa previa can be detected during first and second trimester ultrasound. Prenatal detection and adjusted Delagrange Hannelore1, Hindryckx An2, van Schoubroeck Dominique3, Richter Jute3 Affiliations: 1Resident of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2Medical Specialist, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 3Medical Specialist, PhD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. Corresponding Author: Delagrange Hannelore, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Email: hannelore.delagrange@uzleuven.be Received: 27 April 2021 Accepted: 20 May 2021 Published: 06 July 2021 peripartum management prevent adverse perinatal outcome.
Contrasting Water Use, Stomatal Regulation, Embolism Resistance, and Drought Responses of Two Co-Occurring Mangroves

The physiological mechanisms underlying drought responses are poorly documented in mangroves, which experience nearly constant exposure to saline water. We measured gas exchange, foliar abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, and vulnerability to embolism in a soil water-withholding experiment of two co-occurring mangroves, Avicennia marina (Forsskål) Vierhapper (Verbenaceae) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Savigny (Rhizophoraceae). A. marina showed higher photosynthesis and transpiration than B. gymnorrhiza under well-watered conditions. Cavitation resistance differed significantly between species, with 50% cavitation occurring at a water potential (P50) of −8.30 MPa for A. marina and −2.83 MPa for B. gymnorrhiza. This large difference in cavitation resistance was associated with differences in stomatal closure and leaf wilting. The rapid stomatal closure of B. gymnorrhiza was correlated with ABA accumulation as water potential declined. Meanwhile, stomatal closure and declining water potentials in A. marina were not associated with ABA accumulation. The safety margins, calculated as the difference between stomatal closure and embolism spread, differed between these two species (1.59 MPa for A. marina vs. 0.52 MPa for B. gymnorrhiza). Therefore, A. marina adopts a drought tolerance strategy with high cavitation resistance, while B. gymnorrhiza uses a drought avoidance-like strategy with ABA-related sensitive stomatal control to protect its vulnerable xylem.
Study on the Genetic Structure Based on Geographic Populations of the Endangered Tree Species: Liriodendron chinense

Liriodendron chinense (Hemsley) Sargent is a Class II protected plant in China as natural populations are on the verge of extinction. There is still a lack of systematic research on the genetic resources of its geographic populations. In this study, we used 20 pairs of SSR markers with high polymorphism to analyze a total of 808 L. chinense samples from 22 regions, and 63 Liriodendron tulipifera Linn samples from 2 regions were used as a comparison group. The results revealed a total of 78 alleles in L. chinense, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.558, showing a low level of genetic diversity. The degree of differentiation of L. chinense was high, with the differentiation coefficient (Fst) as high as 0.302, which is related to the low gene flow (Nm = 0.578). Based on the genetic structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and phylogenetic analysis of 24 Liriodendron spp. populations, L. chinense and L. tulipifera had obvious differentiation, while the differentiation between L. chinense geographic populations was very large and irregular. Inbreeding appears within the geographic populations, and the level of genetic diversity is very low. In order to protect the genetic diversity of L. chinense, in addition to protecting the existing population as much as possible, artificial cultivation should introduce materials from multiple populations.
Application of GEE Models for Assessing Maternal Health Complications

Bangladesh, a developing country, gained success towards the fifth-millennium development goals target of reducing its maternal mortality ratio by three quarters by 2015, but yet worked more on it for further reduction of maternal mortality. In this light, though Bangladesh is committed to the sustainable development goals target of reducing its maternal mortality ratio to be reduced from 170 to 105 per 100,000 live births, the scope of research on this issue is limited because the maternal morbidity data is scarce in Bangladesh. In this paper, the prospective data on maternal morbidity in rural Bangladesh (collected by BIRPERHT) have been employed to trace out the high-risk and life-threatening factors associated with pregnancy-related complications. The subject-specific generalized estimating equations (SS-GEE) model with random effect structure is used for multivariate binary data for the repeated observations. The findings indicate that the risk of suffering from pregnancy complications is higher for high economic status, lower age at marriage, not visited for medical check-ups, outside home workers, and having miscarriage or abortion. Comparing the SS-GEE model with other correlation structures and relative efficiency factors, the SS-GEE model with random effect structure is well fitted for the prospective repeated observation data.
Dependence of electroosmosis on polymer structure in proton exchange membranes

Effects of polymer structure on the electroosmosis in proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been investigated using a reactive molecular dynamics simulation. An anharmonic two-state empirical valence bond ( a TS-EVB) model has been used to describe efficiently excess proton transport via the Grotthuss hopping mechanism. The electroosmotic drag coefficients (i.e., the number of water molecules transferred through the membrane per proton) has been evaluated directly in PEMs consisting of various equivalent weights (EWs). The electroosmotic drag coefficients from the MD simulations are in good agreement with the available experimental values at studied levels of hydration. It is shown that for low water contents the connectivity of the water clusters decreases with increasing EW, leading to a decrease in the electroosmotic drag coefficients. The proton and water mobility is also found to decrease with increasing EW because of the structural changes in the water cluster domains. The present simulations provide quantitative information about the direct link between electroosmosis and nanoscopic water domain structure in different polymer structures first solvation shell. Similar trends were also found at λ = 20. Furthermore, the average distance between the nearest sulfur atoms was calculated for each EW. The mean separation of the sulfonate groups were found to be 7.1, 7.2, and 7.8 Å, respectively, at 900, 1100, and 1300 EWs for λ = 6. These results suggest that the protons and water molecules are more likely to be pushed away from the sulfonate groups in the lower EW polymer, where the first solvent shells are saturated with a smaller number of solvents by overlapping and sharing the same solvents with multiple solvation shells nearby. electroosmosis. The average number of clusters increases and the connectivity of the largest clusters decreases with increasing EW. These results suggest that a spanning water cluster with a continuous hydrogen-bonded network is formed at low EW corresponding to 900 EW, while a larger number of isolated small clusters are observed at high 1300 EW. The electroosmotic drag coefficients, K drag , for each EW were evaluated from the mean velocity of protons and water molecules induced by an electric field. A decrease in K drag was found with increasing EW, which can be reasonably correlated with the observed water cluster structure changes. The present simulations provide important insight into the direct link between electroosmosis and water domain structure in different polymer structures, which may help in both the understanding and optimization of morphology of new proton exchange membranes that have desirable electroosmosis properties.
Real-World Experience With Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring During Infliximab Reintroduction

Abstract Background Interruptions in infliximab therapy are associated with the development of antibodies to infliximab (ATI), infusion reactions (IRs), and loss of response. Despite these challenges, recent observational studies suggest that reinitiating infliximab after a drug holiday can be safe and effective. We assessed the utility of our protocol for restarting infliximab using early serum infliximab and ATI measurements. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients restarted on infliximab after at least a 6-month drug holiday. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: a “therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) group,” those who had serum infliximab and ATI measured 1–3 weeks after first reinduction dose, and a “non-TDM group. ” Outcomes included results of TDM, occurrence of immediate IR (IIR) and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and medication persistence at 14 weeks and 1 year. Results About 76 patients were included: 49 in the TDM group and 27 in the non-TDM group. Of 76, 67 (88%) patients tolerated the first reinduction dose without IR. Formation of ATI was seen in 17 of 49 (35%) patients and was associated with longer drug holidays. Most did not experience IR during the entire therapy course—in 26 of 32 (81%) without ATI and 20 of 27 (74%) in the non-TDM group. Infliximab persistence at 14 weeks and 1 year was 76% and 57% for the cohort, respectively. Conclusion Infliximab can be safely and effectively restarted after a drug holiday. We suggest performing TDM with a drug-tolerant assay 1–3 weeks after the first reinduction infusion as a means to identify patients at risk for severe IIR at the second dose.
GCI30: a global dataset of 30-m cropping intensity using multisource remote sensing imagery

Abstract. The global distribution of cropping intensity (CI) is essential to our understanding of agricultural land use management on Earth. Optical remote sensing has revolutionized our ability to map CI over large areas in a repeated and cost-efficient manner. Previous studies have mainly focused on investigating the spatiotemporal patterns of CI ranging from regions to the entire globe with the use of coarse-resolution data, which are inadequate for characterizing farming practices within heterogeneous landscapes. To fill this knowledge gap, in this study, we utilized multiple satellite data to develop a global, spatially continuous CI map dataset at 30-m resolution (GCI30). Accuracy assessments indicated that GCI30 exhibited high agreement with visually interpreted validation samples and in situ observations from the PhenoCam network. We carried out both statistical and spatial comparisons of GCI30 with existing global CI estimates. Based on GCI30, we estimated that the global average annual CI during 2016–2018 was 1.05, which is close to the mean (1.04) and median (1.13) CI values of the existing six estimates, although the spatial resolution and temporal coverage vary significantly among products. A spatial comparison with two other satellite based land surface phenology products further suggested that GCI30 was not only capable of capturing the overall pattern of global CI but also provided many spatial details. GCI30 indicated that single cropping was the primary agricultural system on Earth, accounting for 81.57 % (12.28 million km2) of the world’s cropland extent. Multiple-cropping systems, on the other hand, were commonly observed in South America and Asia. We found large variations across countries and agroecological zones, reflecting the joint control of natural and anthropogenic drivers on regulating cropping practices. As the first global coverage, fine-resolution CI product, GCI30 can facilitate ongoing efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) by improving food production while minimizing environmental impacts. The data are available on Harvard Dataverse: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/86M4PO (Zhang et al, 2020).
FAMACHA©: Predictive value for control of Haemonchus sp. in sheep from Brazilian Cerrado

This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of FAMACHA© method, correlating with packed cell volume (PCV) and egg count (FEC), as well as to evaluate the clinical signs of Haemonchus sp. infection in sheep from Brazilian Cerrado. Over two years (2017 to 2019), 1,435 sheep were subjected to clinical and parasitological evaluations. Sheep from six breeds (Santa Inês, Dorper, White Dorper, Ile de France, Suffolk, and crossbreed) were subdivided into five production categories (pregnant, lactating, non-pregnant/lactating ewes, breeding males, and weaned lambs). Parasitological evaluations included FEC and coproculture. In the clinical evaluation, all sheep underwent determination of the FAMACHA© score and PCV. Haemonchus sp. larvae were predominant in coprocultures of the flocks (76.4%) and in each animal production category evaluated (69.4 to 84.3%). FAMACHA© method showed high sensitivity (70.6%) for evaluating sheep with scores ≥ 3, and PCV < 23%, and high specificity (97.5%) in animals with higher scores (4 and 5), and PCV < 18%. A negative correlation was observed between FAMACHA© scores and PCV (-0.46) and between PCV and FEC (-0.47), while a positive correlation was observed between FAMACHA© scores and FEC (0.22) (p < 0.01). The vast majority of the animals evaluated (54.5%) were clinically resistant to gastrointestinal parasites. Due to the high sensitivity and specificity, we concluded that the method could be a valuable diagnostic alternative and an ancillary tool in the implementation of selective treatment for helminthic infection in sheep from Brazilian Cerrado.
A Gaussian-Based Guidewire Segmentation and Tracking Method for Teleoperated Robotic Intravascular Interventions

Surgeons now rely on X-ray fluoroscopy to guide intravascular catheterization procedures during cardiovascular interventions. While this modality poses radiation exposure threats to the interventionists, use of teleoperated robot are being proposed to further reduce radiation exposure and as well provide a more ergonomic workflow. However, the real-time tracking and segmentation of intravascular tools, such as guidewire and catheter, within the blood vessel process is still challenging. In this paper, a Gaussian-based method is adapted for segmentation and tracking of guidewire in angiographic frames obtained during teleoperated robotic catheterization. By assuming the guidewire's curvature as a Gaussian process, Radon transformation is performed to extract features of guidewire pixels in the X-ray frames, and these were taken as input to the Gaussian process to segment the guidewire pixels from the background. Further, the prior segmentation information was used to predict the guidewire direction in the angiographs. Finally, performance of the segmentation results was evaluated with six existing methods using six binary pixel classification indicators. It was observed that the Gaussian-based method achieves good results in all the indicators, and surpasses the previous segmentation methods.
Voltage-Controlled Domain Wall Motion-Based Neuron and Stochastic Magnetic Tunnel Junction Synapse for Neuromorphic Computing Applications

This work discusses the proposal of a spintronic neuromorphic system with spin orbit torque-driven domain wall motion (DWM)-based neurons and synapses. We propose a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy DWM-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) neuron. We investigate how the electric field at the gate (pinning site), generated by the voltage signals from pre-neurons, modulates the DWM, which reflects in the nonlinear switching behavior of neuron magnetization. For the implementation of synaptic weights, we propose a 3-terminal MTJ with stochastic DWM in the free layer. We incorporate intrinsic pinning effects by creating triangular notches on the sides of the free layer. The pinning of the domain wall and intrinsic thermal noise of the device lead to the stochastic behavior of DWM. The control of this stochasticity by the spin orbit torque is shown to realize the potentiation and depression of the synaptic weight. The micromagnetics and spin transport studies in synapses and neurons are carried out by developing a coupled micromagnetic non-equilibrium Green’s function (MuMag-NEGF) model. The minimization of the writing current pulsewidth by leveraging the thermal noise and demagnetization energy is also presented. Finally, we discuss the implementation of digit recognition by the proposed system using a spike time-dependent algorithm.
New Approach to Unveiling Individual Atomic Layers of 2D Materials and Their Heterostructures

Visualization of the chemical structures of two-dimensional (2D) materials and their interfaces at the virtually atomic scale is an imperative step toward devising highly efficient ultrathin optoelectronic devices. Herein, we demonstrate a universal method featuring time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), coupled with the structure simplicity of 2D materials, as a versatile tool to reveal the vertical atomic layers of various two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We demonstrated that the vertical atomic layers of those 2D materials can be unveiled layer-by-layer using a strategy of ToF-SIMS three-dimensional (3D) analysis developed in this work. Moreover, we found that the extreme surface sensitivity and chemical specificity of ToF-SIMS also enables the examination of the lateral uniformity of 2D materials. During this process, we first removed interference of adsorbed organic contamination by anne.