Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signal Detection Under Multipath Intersymbol Interference in Staggered Bit-Patterned Media Recording Systems

Bit-patterned media recording was invented with the aim of achieving high areal density. However, bit-patterned media recording suffers from two-dimensional (2-D) interference problems, including intersymbol interference in the down-track direction and intertrack interference in the cross-track direction. The 2-D interference corrupts the readback signal and degrades the performance of bit-patterned media recording. Unlike the layout of regular-array bit-patterned media, in the layout of staggered-array bit-patterned media, islands along neighboring tracks are displaced by a half-period from islands on the main data track; hence, in terms of intertrack interference, the islands on the main data track are predominantly affected by the closest four islands on neighboring tracks. To address this problem, a proper signal detection scheme for staggered bit-patterned media recording should be developed. In this letter, we introduce a multipath soft-output Viterbi algorithm for reducing the 2-D interference in staggered bit-patterned media recording. We investigate different partial response targets and compare the performances of the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and proposed three-path soft-output Viterbi algorithm.
Do performance contracts attract better teachers? A blinded pre-analysis plan

3 Measurement and Data 8 3.1 Applications . 8 3.2 Teacher attributes . 10 3.3 Perry public sector motivation . 12 3.4 Student learning . 13 3.5 Teacher inputs . 15 3.6 Job fairs . 17
Investigating the Relationship Between Accessibility of Green Space and Adult Obesity Rates: A Secondary Data Analysis in the United States

Objectives: In spite of the importance of green space for reducing obesity-related problems, there has been little exploration of whether access to green space (e.g., parks and recreational facilities) influences the obesity rate of adults in the United States. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among accessibility of green space, obesity rates, and socioeconomic and demographic variables among adults living in the State of Indiana, United States. Methods: We conducted a secondary data analysis to investigate the relationships among accessibility to green space, obesity rates, and socio-demographic variables with employing Geographic Information System in order to measure the accessibility of green space. Results: This study found that accessibility of green space served as a strong predictor of reduced obesity rates among adults (β=-2.478; p<0.10). In addition, adults with higher education levels, as well as better access to green space, were found to have even lower obesity rates (β=-0.188; p<0.05). Other control variables such as unemployment rates, food security, and physical inactivity are additional factors that influence obesity rates among adults. Conclusions: Accessibility of green space may play an important role in facilitating physical activity participation and reducing obesity rates.
THE STOKES OPERATOR WITH ROTATION EFFECT IN EXTERIOR DOMAINS

1. I n t r o d u c t i o n a n d re su l t This paper is concerned with some fundamental properties of the Stokes operator with rotation effect in exterior domains as a step for the mathematical analysis of the NavierStokes flow past a rotating obstacle. Let Ό C R 3 be a compact, isolated and rigid obstacle with smooth boundary Γ, and Ω = R 3 \ Ö the exterior domain occupied by a viscous incompressible fluid. Assume tha t the obstacle Ό is rotating about the xß-axis with constant angular velocity ω = (0,0,1) . Set
Comparative Analysis of Cytokine Profiles in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Serum in Patients with Acute and Subacute Spinal Cord Injury

Background: Cytokines are actively involved in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune responses and play crucial importance for the outcome of spinal cord injury (SCI). Considering the importance of examining more objective and representative indicators of the patient's condition is still required to reveal the fundamental patterns of abovementioned posttraumatic processes, including identification of changes in the expression of cytokines. Methods: We performed a dynamic (3, 7 and 14 dpi) extended multiplex analysis of cytokine profiles in both CSF and blood serum of SCI patients with baseline American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades of A. Results: The data obtained showed a large elevation of IL-6 (>58 fold) in CSF and IFN-{gamma} (>14 fold) in blood serum at 3 dpi with a downward trend as the post-traumatic period increases. The level of cytokine CCL26 was significantly elevated both CSF and blood serum at 3 days post-SCI while other cytokines did not show the same trend in the different biosamples. Conclusions: The dynamic changes in cytokine levels observed in our study can explore the relationships with SCI region and injury severity, paving the way for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of SCI and potentially more targeted and personalized therapeutic interventions.
Application-Aware Distribution Trees for Application-Level Multicast

In this paper, we present an algorithm to construct application-aware distribution trees for application-level multicast. Unlike existing approaches, the distribution trees do not solely depend on network characteristics but also on the application semantics of the transmitted packets. In the presented algorithm, the application may specify an individual priority for each packet-receiver pair. The distribution tree is then constructed such that the higher the priority, the more direct the path from the sender to the packet\'s destination. This comes at the cost of an increase in link stress -- the more direct a path, the less likely it is that it can be integrated efficiently into an overlay multicast distribution tree. Our algorithm takes this tradeoff into account and constructs efficient application-aware distribution trees. We demonstrate the performance and characteristics of the algorithm through extensive simulation.
STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY IN OECD COUNTRIES: RECENT TRENDS. CONSEQUENCES FOR THE REAL ECONOMY. AND PROPOSALS FOR REFORM

Introduction . 32 I . Trends in stock index volatilities and return interrelationships . 33 A . Measurement issues . 33 B . Stock returns volatility . 34 C . Interrelationships among national stock market returns . 38 D . Stock index return correlations . 39 E . Correlations among stock index return volatilities . 40 F . Return correlations during crisis periods . 40
Least Squares Fitting of Data by Linear or Quadratic Structures

3 Affine Fitting of Points Using Height Fields 4 3.1 Fitting by a Line in 2 Dimensions . 4 3.1. 1 Pseudocode for Fitting by a Line . 5 3.2 Fitting by a Plane in 3 Dimensions . 6 3.2. 1 Pseudocode for Fitting by a Plane . 7 3.3 Fitting by a Hyperplane in n+ 1 Dimensions . 8 3.3.1 Pseudocode for Fitting a Hyperplane . 9
A Note on Practical Evaluation of Budgets in ECCO Version 4 Release 3

4 Budgets Evaluated for Extensive Quantities 5 6 4.1 Volume Conservation . 5 7 4.2 Heat Conservation . 7 8 4.2. 1 Geothermal Flux . 10 9 4.3 Salt Conservation . 12 10
Lecture Notes on The Laplacian Matrix

2 Intuition 3 2.1 Heat diffusion analogy of the Laplacian eigenmaps . 3 2.2 Heat diffusion analogy of spectral clustering . 4 2.3 Heat diffusion equation for connected heat reservoirs . 4 2.4 Laplacian matrix . 5 2.5 Solution of the heat diffusion equation . 6
NUTRITIONAL ENHANCEMENT OF WHEAT MILLING BY-PRODUCTS: CHEMICAL CHANGES AND EVOLUTION OF MICROBIOTA DURING SOURDOUGHLIKE FERMENTATION OF BRAN

Several epidemiological studies indicate that high whole grains diets work as protective factors against chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and gastrointestinal cancer. These effects are likely related, at least in part, to their high content of fiber and bioactive compounds, with antioxidants and anti-carcinogenic properties, mainly present in bran and germ of cereal grains. Removal of these fractions during milling to improve shelf-life of the flour results in severe depletion of fiber and bioactive compounds. The loss of about 58% of fiber, 83% of Mg, 61% of folate and 79% of vitamin E has been shown in comparing the content of important nutrients in wholemeal flour and white flour. The aleurone layer (the outermost layer of the endosperm) has been shown to contain many of these functional compounds, but it is partially eliminated in wheat flour milling as a by-product mostly used for the animal feed. The increasing demand for functional foods and the possibility to take advantage of agroindustrial by-products have attracted great interest in using bran-enriched products. This should lead to a greater value for wheat industries, reducing their environmental impact and getting an economic return. The main reason behind the low utilization rate of wheat bran in baking industry is the gritty texture, bitter and pungent flavour and coarse mouthfeel of bread caused by the bran. However, the fermentation of cereal bran, with yeasts and lactic acid bacteria or with specific enzymes, has been shown to be an interesting pre-treatment to improve technological, sensorial and nutritional properties of bran-enriched products, as well as to degrade anti-nutritive factors, such as phytic acid, in order to increase mineral bioavailability. This study was aimed to increase the amount of bran’s bioactive compounds, such as soluble fiber, water-extractable arabinoxylans, free ferulic acid, through a fermentation process, in order to use the fermented bran as a potential functional ingredient. Wheat bran sourdoughlike fermentation processes were conducted through continuous propagation by back-slopping of fermented bran until a stable microbiota was established, reaching high counts of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. At each refreshment step, bacterial strains were isolated, clustered, molecularly analysed by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA PCR and identified at the species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Leuconostoc
3-D video coding system with enhanced rendered view quality

xiii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Distortion Analysis in Rendered View 9 2.1 View synthesis process using depth maps . 9 2.2 Classification of distortion in rendered view . 13 2.3 Erosion artifact . 16 2.4 Characteristics of rendered view distortion due to depth map error . 18 2.5 Quality measurement of rendered view . 20 2.5.1 Review of previous work . 20 2.5.2 Measuring localized distortion . 24 2.6 Flickering artifact . 29 2.6. 1 Flickering artifact due to temporal variation in depth map . 29 2.6. 2 Measurement of false temporal variation in depth map . 30 2.7 Conclusion . 35 Chapter 3: Depth Map Coding Tools Using New Distortion Metric 37 3.1 Effect of depth map distortion on rendered view . 38 3.1. 1 Derivation of geometry error from depth map distortion . 38 3.1. 2 Estimation of distortion using reference video . 43 3.1. 3 Estimation of distortion using autoregressive model . 45 3.2 Rate-distortion optimization for depth map coding . 48 3.2.1 Definition of rate and distortion . 48 3.2.2 Derivation of Lagrange multiplier . 51 v 3.3 New skip mode selection scheme for reduced flickering artifact . 53 3.4 Graph based transform for depth map coding . 55 3.4.1 Construction of graph based transform . 56 3.4.2 Graph based two-channel transform . 59 3.4.3 Application to depth map coding with sparsification . 61 3.5 Experimental results . 64 3.5.1 New distortion metric and RD optimization . 64 3.5.2 New skip mode selection scheme . 71 3.5. 3 Graph based transform . 75 3.6 Conclusion . 83 Chapter 4: New 3-D Video Format 84 4.1 Depth transition data . 84 4.2 Generation of depth transition data . 87 4.3 Rate-distortion analysis of depth transition data . 91 4.4 Application of depth transition data . 100 4.4.1 Correcting erosion artifact . 100 4.4.2 View synthesis using depth transition data . 103 4.5 Experimental results . 107 4.5.1 Erosion artifact correction . 107 4.5.2 View synthesis using depth transition data of Section 4.4.2 . 111 4.6 Conclusion . 118 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Future Work 120 5.1 Conclusion . 120 5.2 Future Work . 121
Model-based analysis as a tool for intensification of a biocatalytic process in a microreactor

Chiral amines are highly valuable functionalised molecules which play an important role in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and chemical industry. To produce these interesting compounds, chemical synthesis pathways are typically used. However, these chemical methods are operated under high temperatures and pressures, are air- and water-sensitive, and need highly flammable metal-organic reagents or heavy metals. The chemical approach thus requires specialised (and expensive) equipment and has a large environmental impact. To overcome these drawbacks, enzymatic processes have recently received increased attention to produce these chiral amines. However, the low productivity of enzymatic processes hampers the widespread industrial implementation of such enzymatic processes. In this dissertation, the aim is to make the enzymatic production of chiral amines more productive by using model-based analyses which allow to build process knowledge. First, the kinetic behaviour of the enzyme (i.e. ω-transaminase) is identified using an optimal experimental design approach, allowing a more accurate estimation of the kinetic parameters from the experimental data. Second, a generic methodology is developed to identify mass transfer limitations in microreactors. These mass transfer limitations reduce the reactor performance and should therefore be minimised. The use of the generic methodology allows to estimate productivity losses due to these mass transfer limitations. Finally, the estimation of kinetic parameters under mass transfer limited conditions is investigated. It is shown that accurate kinetic parameter estimates can be obtained under mass transfer limited conditions, but this is highly dependent on the experimental design. The results of this dissertation allow to speed up kinetic characterisation of enzymes and to improve overall productivity by reducing mass transfer limitations.
Suppressor Mutations in LptF Bypass Essentiality of LptC by Forming a Six-Protein Transenvelope Bridge That Efficiently Transports Lipopolysaccharide

The presence of an external LPS layer in the outer membrane makes Gram-negative bacteria intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. Millions of LPS molecules are transported to the cell surface per generation by the Lpt molecular machine made, in E. coli, by seven essential proteins. ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential component of the outer membrane (OM) of many Gram-negative bacteria, providing a barrier against the entry of toxic molecules. In Escherichia coli, LPS is exported to the cell surface by seven essential proteins (LptA-G) that form a transenvelope complex. At the inner membrane, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter LptB2FG associates with LptC to power LPS extraction from the membrane and transfer to the periplasmic LptA protein, which is in complex with the OM translocon LptDE. LptC interacts both with LptB2FG and LptADE to mediate the formation of the transenvelope bridge and regulates the ATPase activity of LptB2FG. A genetic screen has previously identified suppressor mutants at a residue (R212) of LptF that are viable in the absence of LptC. Here, we present in vivo evidence that the LptF R212G mutant assembles a six-protein transenvelope complex in which LptA mediates interactions with LptF and LptD in the absence of LptC. Furthermore, we present in vitro evidence that the mutant LptB2FG complexes restore the regulation of ATP hydrolysis as it occurs in the LptB2FGC complex to achieve wild-type efficient coupling of ATP hydrolysis and LPS movement. We also show the suppressor mutations restore the wild-type levels of LPS transport both in vivo and in vitro, but remarkably, without restoring the affinity of the inner membrane complex for LptA. Based on the sensitivity of lptF suppressor mutants to selected stress conditions relative to wild-type cells, we show that there are additional regulatory functions of LptF and LptC that had not been identified. IMPORTANCE The presence of an external LPS layer in the outer membrane makes Gram-negative bacteria intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. Millions of LPS molecules are transported to the cell surface per generation by the Lpt molecular machine made, in E. coli, by seven essential proteins. LptC is the unconventional regulatory subunit of the LptB2FGC ABC transporter, involved in coordinating energy production and LPS transport. Surprisingly, despite being essential for bacterial growth, LptC can be deleted, provided that a specific residue in the periplasmic domain of LptF is mutated and LptA is overexpressed. Here, we apply biochemical techniques to investigate the suppression mechanism. The data produced in this work disclose an unknown regulatory function of LptF in the transporter that not only expands the knowledge about the Lpt complex but can also be targeted by novel LPS biogenesis inhibitors.
Revisit Study of Freshwater Sponges Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank, 1863) and a New Record of Oncosclera asiatica Manconi and Ruengsawang, 2012 (Porifera: Spongillida) in Porong River, East Java, Indonesia

Distribution of freshwater sponges (Porifera: Spongillida) in Indonesia is currently insufficiently reported and underestimated compared to marine sponges. An inventory study on freshwater sponges in East Java after Indonesian independence in 1945 is yet to be carried out. For this reason, we reported new records of two freshwater species, Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank, 1863) and Oncosclera asiatica (Manconi and Ruengsawang, 2012) in Porong river, East Java, Indonesia. E. carteri species was originally described in Mumbai, India and its presence in Java was reported in 1927, 1928, and 1930. DNA barcoding and molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial COI was able to successfully identify our specimens as E. carteri, while analysis using the nuclear ITS markers placed our samples with other Eunapius species. Furthermore, in this study we report for the first time in East Java, Indonesia, the presence of O. asiatica. The O. asiatica species was originally described from Pong River located in Lower Mekong, Thailand. We concluded our specimens to be O. asiatica based on the morphology, skeleton, and spicule composition of the specimens that were similar to the samples recorded in Thailand. We were only successful in obtaining the COI sequence of O. asiatica. Furthermore, our samples did not group to the publicly available sequence of its congener, namely Oncosclera sp. Therefore, further molecular taxonomy and morphological analysis is needed to explore the diversity of freshwater sponges in general and to conduct species delimitation of E. carteri and O. asiatica in Java, Indonesia, and Asia
Enterprise management strategies in agricultural fairtrade products

Purpose — One of the fairtrade's major purposes is to raise the socio-economic of small-scale farmers. Numerous studies have found that fairtrade has a beneficial effect on farmers' profitability. Meanwhile, this study focused on the product management strategies of enterprises engaged in fair trade products.Method — The researchers used 50 legally registered enterprises located and operated in the province of Cavite. The significant findings were drawn and analyzed using a descriptive research design.Result — It was discovered that the majority of respondents were sole proprietors with few employees, had been in business for less than three years, and had an average initial capital of Php 3,000,000.00 or less. The product management strategies were very effective, and the majority of the participants used package labeling, fair pricing, and personal branding. Furthermore, the study identified challenges encountered in the implementation of product management strategies, such as poor consumer knowledge about packaging, financial resources that affect product pricing, and consumers' lack of brand exposure.Contribution — The study provides detailed product management practices or strategies among fairtrade products, which will serve as a springboard for status quo analysis and baseline studies to explore and develop pandemic- and post-pandemic-sensitive resilient strategies that will promote the sustainability of fairtrade enterprises.
OPTIMALITY CONDITIONS AND DUALITY IN FRACTIONAL ROBUST OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS

Abstract. In this paper, we consider a fractional robust optimizationproblem (FP) and give necessary optimality theorems for (FP). Estab-lishing a nonfractional optimization problem (NFP) equivalent to (FP),we formulate a Mond-Weir type dual problem for (FP) and prove dualitytheorems for (FP). 1. IntroductionConsider a fractional robust optimization problem:(FP) inf x2R n ˆf(x)g(x): h j (x;v j ) 0; 8v j 2V j ; j= 1; ;m˙;where v j are uncertain parameters and v j 2V j ; j= 1; ;mfor some convexcompact sets V j ˆR q ; j = 1; ;mand f : R n ! R; g : R n ! R andh j : R n R q ! R; j = 1; ;mare continuously di erentiable functions.Assume that f(x) 0 and g(x) >0.Let F := fx2R n : h j (x;v j ) 0; 8v j 2V j ; j= 1; ;mgbe the robustfeasible set of (FP). Then we say that x is a robust solution of (FP) if x 2Fand f(x)g(x) = f(x )g(x ) for any x2F.Consider the following nonfractional optimization problem:(NFP) Minimize psubject to f(x) pg(x) 0;h j (x;v j ) 0; 8v j 2V j ; j= 1; ;m:Following the approaches in [8], we can establish an equivalent relationshipbetween (FP) and (NFP) as follows:
Evolving ribosome structure: domains in archaebacteria, eubacteria, eocytes and eukaryotes.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARy . 508 STRUCTURE OF THE E. COU RIBOSOME: THE CONCENSUS MODEL . 508 THE TRANSLATIONAL DOMAIN . 511 The Initial Site oftRNA Recognition (R Site) is Very Likely un the External Surface ufthe Small Subunit. 512 The Platform is the Likely Site of the Codon·Anticodon Interaction. 514 Initiation Factors May Bind Near the Cleft. 514 Proteins L7 and Ll2-Implicated in GTP Hydrolysis-Form the Stalk of the Large Subunit. 515 The Peptia'yl Transferase and 5S rRNA are on the Central Protuberance of the Large Subunit. 516 The Elongation Cycle. 516 THE EXIT DOMAIN . 518 The Exit Domain is Opposite the Peptidyl Transferase. 518 The Exit Domain is in the Same Relative Region in both Eukaryotic and Eubacterial Ribosomes. 518 Eukaryotic Ribosomes Bind to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum through the Exit Domain. 520 EVOLUTION OF RIBOSOME STRUCTURE . 521 Structure of Ribosomes from Archaebacteria. Eubacteria. Eucytes. and Eukaryotes. 522 The Four Types of Ribosomes are Most Parsimoniously Fit by a Single Evolutionary Tree. 525 Eocytes have a Topologically Close Evolutionary Relationship to Eukaryotes. 526