Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current evidence and clinical relevance of drug-microbiota interactions in inflammatory bowel disease

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting disease. An adverse immune reaction toward the intestinal microbiota is involved in the pathophysiology and microbial perturbations are associated with IBD in general and with flares specifically. Although medical drugs are the cornerstone of current treatment, responses vary widely between patients and drugs. The intestinal microbiota can metabolize medical drugs, which may influence IBD drug (non-)response and side effects. Conversely, several drugs can impact the intestinal microbiota and thereby host effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current evidence on bidirectional interactions between the microbiota and relevant IBD drugs (pharmacomicrobiomics). Methods Electronic literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane databases to identify relevant publications. Studies reporting on microbiota composition and/or drug metabolism were included. Results The intestinal microbiota can both enzymatically activate IBD pro-drugs (e.g., in case of thiopurines), but also inactivate certain drugs (e.g., mesalazine by acetylation via N-acetyltransferase 1 and infliximab via IgG-degrading enzymes). Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, thiopurines, calcineurin inhibitors, anti-tumor necrosis factor biologicals and tofacitinib were all reported to alter the intestinal microbiota composition, including changes in microbial diversity and/or relative abundances of various microbial taxa. Conclusion Various lines of evidence have shown the ability of the intestinal microbiota to interfere with IBD drugs and vice versa. These interactions can influence treatment response, but well-designed clinical studies and combined in vivo and ex vivo models are needed to achieve consistent findings and evaluate clinical relevance.
The optical recovery of SN 1970G in M101 (NGC 5457)

Optical emission from SN 1970G nearly 22 yr after maximum light is presented and discussed. Images show SN 1970G to have occurred 3″. 8±0″. 2 N and 1″. 9±0″. 2 W off the optical peak of M101's bright H II region NGC 5455. A low-dispersion spectrum shows broad 5400 to 6500 km s −1 emissions of Hα and [O I] λλ6300, 6364 with luminosities comparable to those seen in SN 1980K. We compare the SN 1970G spectrum to those of other optically detected, radio-bright evolved SNe and suggest SN-circumstellar matter interaction as the dominant late-time energy source for the observed optical emission. The detection of this 20+ yr old, rather ordinary Type II-L SN raises the possibility of detecting even older Type II SNe, especially if located in relatively uncrowded regions of the parent galaxy
Successful management of a rare radius schwannoma mimicking malignant bone tumors: A case report and literature review

Background Schwannomas are benign tumors originating from Schwann cells, frequently occurring in the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Intraosseous schwannomas, a rare subset, account for approximately 0.2% of schwannomas. Intraosseous schwannomas commonly impinge the mandible, followed by the sacrum and the spine. By far, only three cases of radius intraosseous schwannomas have been reported in PubMed. The tumor was treated differently in all three cases, resulting in different outcomes. Case presentation A 29-year-old male construction engineer who complained of a painless mass on the radial aspect of the right forearm was diagnosed with an intraosseous schwannoma of the radius based on radiography, three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction, magnetic resonance imaging, pathological examination, and immunohistochemistry. A different surgical approach was employed to reconstruct the radial graft defect using bone microrepair techniques, resulting in more reliable bone healing and early functional recovery. Meanwhile, no clinical and radiographic findings suggestive of recurrence were observed at the 12-month follow-up. Conclusion Vascularized bone flap transplantation combined with three-dimensional imaging reconstruction planning might yield better results for repairing small segmental bone defects of the radius caused by intraosseous schwannomas.
Means of media literacy development in the educational process of primary school children

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a pedagogical experiment on the development of media literacy in children of primary school age (7–10 years) in different conditions: at home, at home and school, only at school. Parents who took part in the programme “Media Literacy for parents” were involved in this study. The purpose of the paper was to analyse the effectiveness of media literacy tools in primary school children used in different conditions. The study was conducted through a mixed method, using a questionnaire on media literacy and interviews with parents. The level of media literacy development of younger schoolchildren in the group where the techniques were used at home and school is statistically higher than in children from the group where the techniques were used only at school. The interview results confirmed the need for recommendations for parents and the effectiveness of parental mediation in the development of their children’s media literacy.
Genetic algorithms for the construction of Hadamard matrices with two circulant cores

Abstract Genetic Algorithms are a class of powerful combinatorial optimization methods that exploit algorithmic analogs of concepts from the Theory of Evolution. Genetic Algorithms have been applied successfully to a wide range of difficult optimization problems across many areas of scientific research. In this paper we apply for the first time Genetic Algorithms to the construction of Hadamard matrices with two circulant cores. An important novel aspect of our approach is the choice of the objective functions, which is done based on an algebraic formalism of the two circulant core construction. We implemented several Genetic Algorithms based on these objective functions and constructed Hadamard matrices of orders 52, 56, 60 and 64.
Genetic control of meiosis surveillance mechanisms in mammals

Meiosis is a specialized cell division that generates haploid gametes and is critical for successful sexual reproduction. During the extended meiotic prophase I, homologous chromosomes progressively pair, synapse and desynapse. These chromosomal dynamics are tightly integrated with meiotic recombination (MR), during which programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed and subsequently repaired. Consequently, parental chromosome arms reciprocally exchange, ultimately ensuring accurate homolog segregation and genetic diversity in the offspring. Surveillance mechanisms carefully monitor the MR and homologous chromosome synapsis during meiotic prophase I to avoid producing aberrant chromosomes and defective gametes. Errors in these critical processes would lead to aneuploidy and/or genetic instability. Studies of mutation in mouse models, coupled with advances in genomic technologies, lead us to more clearly understand how meiosis is controlled and how meiotic errors are linked to mammalian infertility. Here, we review the genetic regulations of these major meiotic events in mice and highlight our current understanding of their surveillance mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize meiotic prophase genes, the mutations that activate the surveillance system leading to meiotic prophase arrest in mouse models, and their corresponding genetic variants identified in human infertile patients. Finally, we discuss their value for the diagnosis of causes of meiosis-based infertility in humans.
CHARACTERISTIC-BASED SCHEMES FOR THE EULER EQUATIONS

P. L. RoeCollege of Aeronautics, Cranfield Institute of Technology,Cranfield MK43 0AL, EnglandIntroductionComputer simulations of fluid flow provide today the sort of detailedinformation concerning special cases that could previously only beobtained from experime.nts. The computer is attractive as a replacement forexperiments that are difficult, dangerous, or expensive, and as an alternativeto experiments that are impossible. Nevertheless, a computer simulationdoes not have quite the same status as a physical experiment because atpresent there usually remains some doubt about its accuracy. Even thoughthe computer code may be free of error to the extent that it operates exactlyas its author intended, it is seldom possible to give a rigorous proof thatthese intentions were in all respects correct. Most of the practical codeswritten to solve complicated problems contain empirical features, some-times in the form of "adjustable constants" whose values must be "tuned"by appeal to the experiments that the simulations are intended to displace.A computer code is described as being "robust" if it has the virtue ofgiving reliable answers to a wide range of problems without needing to beretuned. The ideal code would be one that fully met some declaredspecification of accuracy and problem range, and whose every line was anecessary contribution to that aim. Few codes yet approach that ideal; amajor impediment is that we presently have little idea what properties canbe specified without contradiction.In recent years, however, our understanding of computer codes for aparticular class of problems has advanced some way toward completeness.The problems are sufficiently complex that naive numerical techniques canproduce disaster, yet sufficiently simple that well-understood physics can3370066-4189/86/0115-0337502.00www. annualreviews.org/aronline Annual Reviews
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHOTOSPHERIC FOOTPOINT MOTIONS AND CORONAL HEATING IN SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS

Coronal heating theories can be classified as either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) mechanisms, depending on whether the coronal magnetic field responds quasi-statically or dynamically to the photospheric footpoint motions. In this paper we investigate whether photospheric footpoint motions with velocities of 1–2 km s−1 can heat the corona in active regions, and whether the corona responds quasi-statically or dynamically to such motions (DC versus AC heating). We construct three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models for the Alfvén waves and quasi-static perturbations generated within a coronal loop. We find that in models where the effects of the lower atmosphere are neglected, the corona responds quasi-statically to the footpoint motions (DC heating), but the energy flux into the corona is too low compared to observational requirements. In more realistic models that include the lower atmosphere, the corona responds more dynamically to the footpoint motions (AC heating) and the predicted heating rates due to Alfvén wave turbulence are sufficient to explain the observed hot loops. The higher heating rates are due to the amplification of Alfvén waves in the lower atmosphere. We conclude that magnetic braiding is a highly dynamic process.
Winding Layout Considerations for Variable-Pole Induction Motors in Electric Vehicles

Winding layout plays a crucial role in enabling variable-pole operation in an induction machine (IM). Several winding design alternatives, which consist of toroidal and distributed single- and double-layer windings, have been shown to increase speed range and improve partial load efficiency in traction applications. These windings have different pole-changing capability, end-winding length, leakage, harmonic content, and inv erter requirements. This article compares these winding alternatives with a generalized variable-pole machine design framework that captures the impact of winding selection on key performance metrics such as losses, volume, and torque–speed envelop. This framework shows that the core aspect ratio, defined as ratio of stack length to rotor diameter, selected to minimize losses depends on whether a distributed or toroidal winding is used. When a toroidally wound IM is designed with a low aspect ratio, it can provide the largest torque–speed envelop with highest efficiency over a wide speed range. An experimental toroidally wound IM driven by an 18-leg converter is used to validate the design framework. The experimental setup is configured externally to emulate a single-layer winding and to show benefits gained from the extra pole-changing flexibility of a toroidal winding.
Wind Energy Conversions, Controls, and Applications: A Review for Sustainable Technologies and Directions

The use of renewable energy techniques is becoming increasingly popular because of rising demand and the threat of negative carbon footprints. Wind power offers a great deal of untapped potential as an alternative source of energy. The rising demand for wind energy typically results in the generation of high-quality output electricity through grid integration. More sophisticated contemporary generators, power converters, energy management, and controllers have been recently developed to integrate wind turbines into the electricity system. However, a comprehensive review of the role of converters in the wind system’s power conversion, control, and application toward sustainable development is not thoroughly investigated. Thus, this paper proposes a comprehensive review of the impact of converters on wind energy conversion with its operation, control, and recent challenges. The converters’ impact on the integration and control of wind turbines was highlighted. Moreover, the conversion and implementation of the control of the wind energy power system have been analyzed in detail. Also, the recently advanced converters applications for wind energy conversion were presented. Finally, recommendations for future converters use in wind energy conversions were highlighted for efficient, stable, and sustainable wind power. This rigorous study will lead academic researchers and industry partners toward the development of optimal wind power technologies with improved efficiency, operation, and costs.
Nonlinear Capacitance Compensation Technique in a Linearity-Enhanced and Broadband GaN PA MMIC for Ku-/K-Band Applications

This article reports on exploiting a nonlinear capacitance compensation technique to achieve high linearity for power amplifier (PA) designs in III-V semiconductor technologies. High linearity is achieved by implementing multiple transistors with deliberate sizes and biasing to compensate for each nonlinear input capacitance behavior. Therefore, the composed PA core acts as one large device where each subdevice is biased individually. Moreover, this approach proves to be a reliable and easy way to improve PA linearity in III-V semiconductor technologies. The viability of this compensation is demonstrated by comparing it to other analog linearity improvement techniques such as derivative superposition. As a proof-of-concept prototype, a 17.2–20.2-GHz class-AB PA is designed in a space-evaluated 150-nm gallium nitride (GaN)-on-silicon carbide (SiC) process. Its capabilities are validated for various modulation bandwidths up to 500 MHz at several frequencies while delivering 32 dBm of output power. The measured third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) and the fifth-order intermodulation distortion (IMD5) are improved by 18 and 25 dB, respectively, compared to a class-AB design. The measured amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortion of less than 0.07° is obtained over the entire bandwidth. Finally, noise-to-power ratio (NPR) results prove the linearity enhancement concept with values better than 15 dB up to maximum $P_{\mathrm{ out}}$ . All the results were measured without any applied digital predistortion (DPD).
Purification of PaTx-II from the Venom of the Australian King Brown Snake and Characterization of Its Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities

Infections caused by multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are a global threat to human health. As venoms are the source of biochemically diverse bioactive proteins and peptides, we investigated the antimicrobial activity and murine skin infection model-based wound healing efficacy of a 13 kDa protein. The active component PaTx-II was isolated from the venom of Pseudechis australis (Australian King Brown or Mulga Snake). PaTx-II inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria in vitro, with moderate potency (MICs of 25 µM) observed against S. aureus, E. aerogenes, and P. vulgaris. The antibiotic activity of PaTx-II was associated with the disruption of membrane integrity, pore formation, and lysis of bacterial cells, as evidenced by scanning and transmission microscopy. However, these effects were not observed with mammalian cells, and PaTx-II exhibited minimal cytotoxicity (CC50 > 1000 µM) toward skin/lung cells. Antimicrobial efficacy was then determined using a murine model of S. aureus skin infection. Topical application of PaTx-II (0.5 mg/kg) cleared S. aureus with concomitant increased vascularization and re-epithelialization, promoting wound healing. As small proteins and peptides can possess immunomodulatory effects to enhance microbial clearance, cytokines and collagen from the wound tissue samples were analyzed by immunoblots and immunoassays. The amounts of type I collagen in PaTx-II-treated sites were elevated compared to the vehicle controls, suggesting a potential role for collagen in facilitating the maturation of the dermal matrix during wound healing. Levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), factors known to promote neovascularization, were substantially reduced by PaTx-II treatment. Further studies that characterize the contributions towards efficacy imparted by in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity with PaTx-II are warranted.
Using a Contemporary Portable Metabolic Gas Exchange System for Assessing Energy Expenditure: A Validity and Reliability Study

There are several methods available to assess energy expenditure, all associated with inherent pros and cons that must be adequately considered for use in specific environments and populations. A requirement of all methods is that they must be valid and reliable in their capability to accurately measure oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the mobile CO2/O2 Breath and Respiration Analyzer (COBRA) relative to a criterion system (Parvomedics TrueOne 2400®, PARVO) with additional measurements to compare the COBRA to a portable system (Vyaire Medical, Oxycon Mobile®, OXY). Fourteen volunteers with a mean of 24 years old, body weight of 76 kg, and a VO2peak of 3.8 L∙min−1 performed four repeated trials of progressive exercises. Simultaneous steady-state measurements of VO2, VCO2, and minute ventilation (VE) by the COBRA/PARVO and OXY systems were conducted at rest, while walking (23–36% VO2peak), jogging (49–67% VO2peak), and running (60–76% VO2peak). Data collection was randomized by the order of system tested (COBRA/PARVO and OXY) and was standardized to maintain work intensity (rest to run) progression across study trials and days (two trials/day over two days). Systematic bias was examined to assess the accuracy of the COBRA to PARVO and OXY to PARVO across work intensities. Intra- and inter-unit variability were assessed with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a 95% limit of agreement intervals. The COBRA and PARVO produced similar measures for VO2 (Bias ± SD, 0.01 ± 0.13 L·min−1; 95% LoA, (−0.24, 0.27 L·min−1); R2 = 0.982), VCO2 (0.06 ± 0.13 L·min−1; (−0.19, 0.31 L·min−1); R2 = 0.982), VE (2.07 ± 2.76 L·min−1; (−3.35, 7.49 L·min−1); R2 = 0.991) across work intensities. There was a linear bias across both the COBRA and OXY with increased work intensity. The coefficient of variation for the COBRA ranged from 7 to 9% across measures for VO2, VCO2, and VE. COBRA was reliable across measurements for VO2 (ICC = 0.825; 0.951), VCO2 (ICC = 0.785; 0.876), and VE (ICC = 0.857; 0.945) for intra-unit reliability, respectively. The COBRA is an accurate and reliable mobile system for measuring gas exchange at rest and across a range of work intensities.
Untargeted Lipidomics of Erythrocytes under Simulated Microgravity Conditions

Lipidomics and metabolomics are nowadays widely used to provide promising insights into the pathophysiology of cellular stress disorders. Our study expands, with the use of a hyphenated ion mobility mass spectrometric platform, the understanding of the cellular processes and stress due to microgravity. By lipid profiling of human erythrocytes, we annotated complex lipids such as oxidized phosphocholines, phosphocholines bearing arachidonic in their moiety, as well as sphingomyelins and hexosyl ceramides associated with microgravity conditions. Overall, our findings give an insight into the molecular alterations and identify erythrocyte lipidomics signatures associated with microgravity conditions. If the present results are confirmed in future studies, they may help to develop suitable treatments for astronauts after return to Earth.
Reducing systematic errors by empirically correcting model errors

A methodology for the correction of systematic errors in a simplified atmospheric generalcirculationmodel is proposed. First, a method for estimating initial tendency model errors isdeveloped, based on a 4-dimensional variational assimilation of a long-analysed dataset ofobservations in a simple quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model. Then, a time variable potentialvorticity source term is added as a forcing to the same model, in order to parameterize subgridscaleprocesses and unrepresented physical phenomena. This forcing term consists in a (largescale) flow dependent parametrization of the initial tendency model error computed by thevariational assimilation. The flow dependency is given by an analogues technique which relieson the analysis dataset. Such empirical driving causes a substantial improvement of the modelclimatology, reducing its systematic error and improving its high frequency variability. Lowfrequencyvariability is also more realistic and the model shows a better reproduction of Euro-Atlantic weather regimes. A link between the large-scale flow and the model error is found onlyin the Euro-Atlantic sector, other mechanisms being probably the origin of model error in otherareas of the globe.
Soil bacterial communities associated with multi-nutrient cycling under long-term warming in the alpine meadow

Introduction The functions of terrestrial ecosystems are mainly maintained by bacteria, as a key component of microorganisms, which actively participate in the nutrient cycling of ecosystems. Currently, there are few studies have been carried out on the bacteria contributing to the soil multi-nutrient cycling in responding to climate warming, which hampers our obtainment of a comprehensive understanding of the ecological function of ecosystems as a whole. Methods In this study, the main bacteria taxa contributing to the soil multi-nutrient cycling under the long-term warming in an alpine meadow was determined based onphysichemical properties measurement and high-throughput sequencing, and the potential reasons that warming altered the main bacteria contributing to the soil multi-nutrient cycling were further analyzed. Results The results confirmed that the bacterial β-diversity was crucial to the soil multi-nutrient cycling. Furthermore, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the main contributors to the soil multi-nutrient cycling, and played pivotal roles as keystone nodes and biomarkers throughout the entire soil profile. This suggested that warming altered and shifted the main bacteria contributing to the soil multi-nutrient cycling toward keystone taxa. Discussion Meanwhile, their relative abundance was higher, which could make them have the advantage of seizing resources in the face of environmental pressures. In summary, the results demonstrated the crucial role of keystone bacteria in the multi-nutrient cycling under the climate warming in the alpine meadow. This has important implications for understanding and exploring the multi-nutrient cycling of alpine ecosystems under the global climate warming.