Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A STUDY OF THE ACCURACY OF MASS–RADIUS RELATIONSHIPS FOR SILICATE-RICH AND ICE-RICH PLANETS UP TO 100 EARTH MASSES

A mass–radius (M–R) relationship is proposed for solid planets and solid cores ranging from 1 to 100 Earth-mass planets. It relies on the assumption that solid spheres are composed of iron and silicates, around which a variable amount of water is added. The M–R law has been set up assuming that the planetary composition is similar to the averaged composition for silicates and iron obtained from the major elements ratio of 94 stars hosting exoplanets. Except on Earth for which a tremendous amount of data is available, the composition of silicate mantles and metallic cores cannot be constrained. Similarly, thermal profiles are poorly known. In this work, the effect of compositional parameters and thermal profiles on radii estimates is quantified. It will be demonstrated that uncertainties related to composition and temperature are secondary compared to the effect of the amount of water. The super-Earth family includes four classes of planets: iron-rich, silicate-rich, water-rich, or with a thick atmosphere. For a given mass, the planetary radius increases significantly from the iron-rich to the atmospheric-rich planet. Even if some overlaps are likely, M–R measurements could be accurate enough to ascertain the discovery of an Earth-like planet. The present work describes how the amount of water can be assessed from M–R measurements. Such an estimate depends on several assumptions including (1) the accuracy of the internal structure model and (2) the accuracy of mass and radius measurements. It is shown that if the mass and the radius are perfectly known, the standard deviation of the amount of water is about 4.5%. This value increases rapidly with the radius uncertainty but does not strongly depend on the mass uncertainty.
Variability of Balmer lines in Ap stars.

La photometrie Hβ d'un echantillon de 22 etoiles Ap revele pour 17 d'entre elles, des variations periodiques de l'indice β en fonction de la phase rotationnelle de l'etoile. Pour les 5 autres, des limites superieures des variations sont obtenues. On discute deux mecanismes rendant compte des phenomenes observes: le premier est lie aux inhomogeneites chimiques horizontales et verticales dues a la diffusion des elements et le deuxieme est associe aux forts courants electriques qui deforment l'atmosphere de l'etoile magnetique
High-Reliability, Reconfigurable, and Fully Non-volatile Full-Adder Based on SOT-MTJ for Image Processing Applications

With the advent of the era of big data, applications such as image processing are facing the bottleneck of power consumption and speed. Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) offer advantages such as low power consumption, low interconnect latency, compatibility with CMOS technology, and inherent non-volatility. Therefore, hybrid MTJ and CMOS design is considered an effective means to overcome these limitations. This brief focuses on a reconfigurable non-volatile (NV) architecture through which different performance fully NV full adders (NV-FAs) are implemented based on MTJ devices with spin-orbit torque (SOT) switching. We verified and compared our proposed designs with previous work using the 28 nm process design kit and SOT-MTJ model, and the results show that our design has up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> fewer delays than the state-of-the-art. In addition, we verified the cascade of the NV-FA and used the cascaded 8-bit NV-FA for image processing, and the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the image after Gaussian filtering was improved by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.17\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>.
Intensification and Dynamics of the Westward Equatorial Undercurrent During the Summers of 1998 and 2016 in the Indian Ocean

Using mooring observations and reanalysis, we show that anomalously strong westward Equatorial Undercurrent (wEUC) developed in June–July in 2016 and 1998 in the Indian Ocean, which coincided with extreme Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Niño events. Simulations show that equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves were excited by winds associated with El Niño and positive IOD events during 2015 and 1997, and their negative phases during 2016 and 1998. The constructive relationship between the delayed‐time contributions of eastern‐boundary‐reflected‐waves that excited by the easterlies in 2015 and 1997 and the direct contributions of wind‐forced‐waves that excited by the westerlies in 2016 and 1998 resulted in the intensified wEUC. Slow intermediate‐order baroclinic‐modes, rather than fast low‐order baroclinic‐modes, dominated the strong wEUC. The eastern‐boundary‐reflected‐waves dominated in 1997–1998 and directly wind‐forced‐waves dominated in 2015–2016. Our results emphasize the importance of constructive interactions of the directly‐wind‐forced and boundary‐reflected waves in driving the interannual variability of Indian Ocean wEUC.
On the detectability of HI 21-cm in MgII absorption system

We investigate the effect of two important, but oft neglected, factors which can affect the detectability of HI 21-cm absorption in MgII absorption systems: The effect of line-of-sight geometry of the coverage of the background radio flux and any possible correlation between the 21-cm line strength and the rest frame equivalent width of the MgII line. Regarding the former, while the observed detection rate at small angular diameter distance ratios is a near certainty, for an unbiased sample, where either a detection or a non-detection are equally likely, at ratios > 0.8 the observed detection rate has an 8 sigma significance, suggesting that the mix of ratios values at z 1 contribute to the low detection rates at high redshift. In DLAs, the correlation between the 21-cm line strength and the MgII equivalent width is dominated by the velocity spread of the 21-cm line. This has recently been shown not to hold for MgII systems in general. However, we do find the significance of the correlation to increase when the MgII absorbers with MgI equivalent widths of >0.5 A are added to the DLA sample. Large values of the angular diameter distance ratio may explain why the absorbers which have similar equivalent widths to the detections remain undetected. We do, however, also find the neutral hydrogen column densities of the non-detections to be significantly lower. Applying the 21-cm line strength/equivalent width correlation to yield column densities for the MgII absorbers in which this is unmeasured, we find no evidence of a cosmological evolution in the neutral hydrogen column density.
DISENTANGLING AGN AND STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY AT HIGH REDSHIFT USING HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE GRISM SPECTROSCOPY

Differentiating between active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity and star formation in z ∼ 2 galaxies is difficult because traditional methods, such as line-ratio diagnostics, change with redshift, while multi-wavelength methods (X-ray, radio, IR) are sensitive to only the brightest AGNs. We have developed a new method for spatially resolving emission lines using the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 G141 grism spectra and quantifying AGN activity through the spatial gradient of the [O iii]/Hβ line ratio. Through detailed simulations, we show that our novel line-ratio gradient approach identifies ∼40% more low-mass and obscured AGNs than obtained by classical methods. Based on our simulations, we developed a relationship that maps the stellar mass, star formation rate, and measured [O iii]/Hβ gradient to the AGN Eddington ratio. We apply our technique to previously studied stacked samples of galaxies at z ∼ 2 and find that our results are consistent with these studies. This gradient method will also be able to inform other areas of galaxy evolution science, such as inside-out quenching and metallicity gradients, and will be widely applicable to future spatially resolved James Webb Space Telescope data.
From interstellar abundances to grain composition: the major dust constituents Mg, Si, and Fe

We analyse observational correlations for three elements entering into the composition of interstellar silicate and oxide grains. Using current solar abundances, we converted the gas phase abundances into dust phase abundances for 196 sightlines. We deduce a sharp difference in abundances for sightlines located at low (|b| 30 ◦ ) galactic latitudes. For high-latitude stars, the ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si in dust are close to 1.5. For disk stars they are reduced to Mg/Si ∼ 1. 2a nd Fe/Si ∼ 1.05. The derived numbers indicate that 1) the dust grains cannot be the mixture of silicates with olivine and pyroxene composition only, and some amount of magnesium or iron (or both) should be in another population and that 2) the destruction of Mg-rich grains in the warm medium is more effective than for Fe-rich grains. We reveal a decrease in dust phase abundances and correspondingly an increase in gas phase abundances with distance D for stars with D > 400 pc. We attribute this to an observational selection effect: a systematic trend toward lower observed hydrogen column density for distant stars. We find differences in abundances for disk stars with low (E(B −V) 0.2) reddenings that reflect the distinction between the sightlines passing through diffuse and translucent interstellar clouds. For Scorpius-Ophiuchus, we detect a uniform increase in dust phase abundances of Mg and Si with an increase in the ratio of total to selective extinction RV and a decrease in the strength of the far-UV extinction. This is the first evidence of growth of Mg-Si grains due to accretion in the interstellar medium.
Sustainable Transition from Fossil Fuel to Geothermal Energy: A Multi-Level Perspective Approach

Indonesia is currently undergoing the energy transition from heavily fossil fuel-dependent energy to cleaner sources of energy in order to achieve its net-zero emissions by 2060. In addition to reducing fossil fuel dependency, as one of the countries with the most geothermal reserves, the optimization of geothermal energy in Indonesia could be key to facilitating the energy transition. The objective of this paper is to elaborate on the transition process, which incorporates the destabilization of fossil fuel and the growth of geothermal energy, by analyzing the impact of both exogenous and endogenous factors on the supply chain structures of both sectors. This study employs workshop involving geothermal stakeholders in Indonesia, combined with the application of the Multi-Level Perspective (MLP) framework as the theoretical lens. The study found that energy demand, environmental awareness, energy regulations, energy supply chain, and geothermal potential breakthroughs are important aspects pertinent to the MLP components, namely the socio-technical landscape, socio-technical regime and niche innovations. The socio-technical landscapes are exogenous factors that pressurize the energy sector regime allowing the niche innovation, in the form of geothermal innovation, to penetrate the fossil fuel regime, allowing it to transition to a geothermal regime. The transition pathways include several measures that could break down the fossil fuel and build up geothermal energy, through a number of schemes and incentives.
Fictitious capital, the credit system, and the particular case of government bonds in Marx

ABSTRACT This paper is a theoretical contribution to the development and update of Marx’s theory of money and credit, given the empirical developments in finance since the 1970s. It expands on the discussion of fictitious capital and government bonds within the Marxian literature. In contrast with most Marxian literature and some of Marx’s own writings on the topic, I argue that fictitious capital does not represent any real capital and then further develop the idea that fictitious capital is the channel through which the dominance of interest-bearing capital over other forms of capital occurs. This interpretation lays the foundation for understanding why government bonds, as titles of fictitious capital, are the keystone of financial markets and an unavoidable source for both financial accumulation and exploitation, rather than being a mere consequence of state spending. For this reason, public debt can neither be avoided nor fully paid off.
Applied big data technique and deep learning for massive open online courses (MOOCs) recommendation system

As traditional recommendation techniques suffer from scalability problems resulting in poor-quality recommendations, they cannot be effectively used on big data. With the immense amount of emerging online learning resources nowadays, it has become harder for users to find and select their preferred content. Similarly, course recommendation systems also face an information overload problem. Most recommendation systems are created based on their own learning management systems and can only be used with those systems. Furthermore, the storage and processing of these systems cannot be updated, which makes them unsuitable for real-world problems, because data is continuously changing and emerging. Focusing on the aforementioned problem, in this study, we propose a novel online recommender system, namely, MCR-C-FGM. It runs on clusters and is trained with a fit-generator method which uses the Apache platform to distribute the processing of large datasets along with a clustering model created by a Deep Neural Network and Long Short-Term Memory. The network is trained with the fit-generator method. The test results with real MOOCs data from Harvard University and MIT, which were published in edX, show a high precision rate of 75%, an accuracy rate of 76%, and a recall rate of 78% in the evaluation processes. The time efficiency during the training process improves by 35% compared to the non-clustering model. Moreover, the MCR-C-FGM is capable of being scaled out, which allows it to efficiently support big data.
‘The golf course doesn’t know what gender you are’: feminist perspectives in the online blog of a female professional golfer

Abstract Many female athletes are using online platforms to control their own portrayals, and such representations have been examined mostly through neoliberal and postfeminist perspectives, which position female athletes as responsible for their own self-promotion, visibility, success and failure. This paper seeks to employ these and other feminist frameworks in exploring how professional golfer Meghan MacLaren uses her online blog to respond to gender inequality in her profession. Using a myriad of feminist perspectives, the authors discuss the cultural/media conditions through which MacLaren writes her blog, the individual or collective nature of MacLaren’s activism, and the significance of binary outlooks in her blog. Along with shedding light on the contemporary gender politics operating in professional women’s sport, this paper illustrates the synthesis of perspectives that exist when closely examining the voices and choices of one female professional athlete.
Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops

Abstract Vegetable crops are greatly appreciated for their beneficial nutritional and health components. Hybrid seeds are widely used in vegetable crops for advantages such as high yield and improved resistance, which require the participation of male (stamen) and female (pistil) reproductive organs. Male- or female-sterile plants are commonly used for production of hybrid seeds or seedless fruits in vegetables. In this review we will focus on the types of genic male sterility and factors affecting female fertility, summarize typical gene function and research progress related to reproductive organ identity and sporophyte and gametophyte development in vegetable crops [mainly tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus)], and discuss the research trends and application perspectives of the sterile trait in vegetable breeding and hybrid production, in order to provide a reference for fertility-related germplasm innovation.
Conditional Single-View Shape Generation for Multi-View Stereo Reconstruction

In this paper, we present a new perspective towards image-based shape generation. Most existing deep learning based shape reconstruction methods employ a single-view deterministic model which is sometimes insufficient to determine a single groundtruth shape because the back part is occluded. In this work, we first introduce a conditional generative network to model the uncertainty for single-view reconstruction. Then, we formulate the task of multi-view reconstruction as taking the intersection of the predicted shape spaces on each single image. We design new differentiable guidance including the front constraint, the diversity constraint, and the consistency loss to enable effective single-view conditional generation and multi-view synthesis. Experimental results and ablation studies show that our proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on 3D reconstruction test error and demonstrates its generalization ability on real world data.
Mass-radius relation of Newtonian self-gravitating Bose-Einstein condensates with short-range interactions: II. Numerical results

Several recent astrophysical observations of distant type Ia supernovae have revealed that the content of the universe is made of about 70% of dark energy, 25% of dark matter and 5% of baryonic (visible) matter [1]. Thus, the overwhelming preponderance of matter and energy in the universe is believed to be dark i.e. unobservable by telescopes. The dark energy is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. Its origin is mysterious and presumably related to the cosmological constant. Dark energy is usually interpreted as a vacuum energy and it behaves like a fluid with negative pressure. Dark matter also is mysterious. The suggestion that dark matter may constitute a large part of the universe was raised by Zwicky [2] in 1933. Using the virial theorem to infer the average mass of galaxies within the Coma cluster, he obtained a value much larger than the mass of luminous material. He realized therefore that some mass was “missing” in order to account for observations. This missing mass problem was confirmed later by accurate measurements of rotation curves of disc galaxies [3, 4]. The rotation curves of neutral hydrogen clouds in spiral galaxies measured from the Doppler effect are found to be roughly flat (instead of Keplerian) with a typical rotational velocity v∞ ∼ 200km/s up to the maximum observed radius of about 50 kpc. This mass profile is much more extended than the distribution of starlight which typically converges within ∼ 10 kpc. This implies that galaxies are surrounded by an extended halo of dark matter whose mass M(r) = rv 2/G increases linearly with radius [56]. This can be conveniently modeled by an isothermal self-gravitating gas the density of which scales asymptotically as r −2 [6].
Reconstructing the projected gravitational potential of Abell 1689 from X-ray measurements

Germany,Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.Preprint online version: January 14, 2015ABSTRACTContext.Galaxy clusters can be used as cosmological probes, but to this end, they need to be thoroughly understood. Combining allcluster observables in a consistent way will help us to understand their global properties and their internal structure.Aims. We provide proof of the concept that the projected gravitational potential of galaxy clusters can directly be reconstructed fromX-ray observations. We also show that this joint analysis can be used to locally test the validity of the equilibrium assumptions ingalaxy clusters.Methods. We used a newly developed reconstruction method, based on Richardson-Lucy deprojection, that allows reconstructingprojected gravitational potentials of galaxy clusters directly from X-ray observations. We applied this algorithm tothe well-studiedcluster Abell 1689 and compared the gravitational potential reconstructed from X-ray observables to the potential obtained fromgravitational lensing measurements. We also compared the X-ray deprojected proﬁles obtained by the Richardson-Lucy deprojectionalgorithm with the ﬁndings from the more conventional onion -peeling technique.Results. Assuming spherical symmetry and hydrostatic equilibrium, the potentials recovered from gravitational lensing and from X-ray emission agree very well beyond 500 kpc. Owing to the fact that the Richardson-Lucy deprojection algorithm allows deprojectingeach line of sight independently, this result may indicate that non-gravitational eﬀects and/or asphericity are strong in the centralregions of the clusters.Conclusions. We demonstrate the robustness of the potential reconstruction method based on the Richardson-Lucy deprojectionalgorithm and show that gravitational lensing and X-ray emission lead to consistent gravitational potentials. Our results illustrate thepower of combining galaxy-cluster observables in a single,non-parametric, joint reconstruction of consistent cluster potentials thatcan be used to locally constrain the physical state of the gas.Key words. galaxies: cluster: general - X-rays: galaxies: clusters - gravitational lensing: strong - gravitational lensing: weak
Adaptation of Signal with NOMA and Polar Codes to the Rayleigh Channel

Polar codes are one of the most effective methods of error correction coding. Currently, these codes are used in 5G communication systems and are the main candidate for 6G. Symmetry plays an important role in coding and decoding algorithms for polar codes. Modulation and multiple access methods are the basis for a physical layer along with error correction codes. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) methods are a promising technology for future telecommunication systems. They allow the increase of both spectral efficiency and the quantity of subscribers of a communication system. In this paper, we consider a communication system with polar codes, traditional orthogonal multiple access (OMA), and NOMA. The channel with multipath propagation, which can be defined by the Rayleigh channel model, is especially difficult to transmit. We propose a method for adapting signals with polar codes to a channel state based on the analysis of channel matrix and permutation of logical subchannels. The results obtained demonstrate efficiency compared to classical solutions and do not really increase the computational complexity of signal processing and decoding.
Evogliptin Directly Inhibits Inflammatory and Fibrotic Signaling in Isolated Liver Cells

Chronic liver inflammation can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Kupffer cells (KC) secrete proinflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and so play an important role in liver inflammation, where they induce hepatocellular damage. LPS also activates hepatic stellate cells and induces extracellular matrix deposition. In this study, we used isolated primary KC, primary hepatocytes, and primary hepatic stellate cells (HSC) to investigate whether evogliptin directly inhibits inflammatory and fibrotic signaling. We found that evogliptin inhibited LPS-induced secretion of inducible nitric oxide synthase and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) from KC. Moreover, evogliptin inhibited inflammatory mediator release from hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cell activation that were induced by KC-secreted cytokines. In hepatocytes, evogliptin also inhibited LPS-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and fibrotic TGF-β. In addition, evogliptin inhibited TGF-β-induced increases in connective tissue growth factor levels and HSC activation. These findings indicate that evogliptin inhibits inflammatory and fibrotic signaling in liver cells. We also showed that the inhibitory effect of evogliptin on inflammatory and fibrotic signaling is associated with the induction of autophagy.