Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Objective Optimization of Surface Roughness and MRR in Milling of Hardened SKD 11 Steel under Nanofluid MQL Condition

During the manufacturing process, high productivity and good quality are desired by every manufacturer. In this paper, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to optimize the surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MMR) when milling hardened SKD 11 steel under nano-fluid MQL condition. The three cutting parameters including cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were analyzed along with the hardness of the work-piece in order to build an empirical model that could predict the surface roughness as well as the material removal rate, hence easy to determine the optimum values of Ra and MMR. Experiments were conducted using the L27 orthogonal array of DOE method developed by G. Taguchi from three levels of four input factors above. Further analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the reliability of the method. Under optimal condition, Ra value is 0.249 μm and the MMR value is 1498.09 mm/min.  In addition, the feed rate was identified as the most influential factor on surface roughness, followed by the depth of cut. 
Prevalence of Hepatitis C virus Genotype among Hemodialysis Patients Two Centers Study in Baghdad, Iraq

Background: Hepatitis C virus infection is a globally growing problem due to increasingincidence of infection rate and its impact on health, this is true for generalpopulation and hemodialysis patients as well, with particular attention to those on hemodialysis because it adds on another comorbidity with systemic manifestation to the already many existing comorbidities in this subset of patients. Accordingly, this would necessitate prompt recognition of infection with the virus along with effective treatment, and this would be a hard task without knowing the virus genotype. The aim of current study was to study the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus Genotypes among Iraqi patients onregular hemodialysis program in two hemodialysi centers. Methods:This wasan observational clinical study conducted from the1, August 2018 tothe 8, April2019 in Baghdad and AL-Yarmook Teaching Hospitals.In current stuyd, 100 patients with documented Hepatitis C virus infection and documented genotype wererecruited, 50 of them were on regular hemodialysis program and the other 50were from the general population with normal renal function as controls. Results: Data from current study revealed that HCV genotypes 1a ,4,1b (in descending order) were themost prevalent genotypes among hemodialysis patients and this was statisticallysignificant(Pvalue <0.05). Results also showed that there was variation in genotypes prevalence betweenthe two centers (statistically significant). In addition, there was noticeabledifference with statistical significance in prevalence of Hepatitis C virus genotypes incenter A between hemodialysis and control groups.Conclusions : Overall Hepatitis C virus genotypes prevalence among hemodialysis patients is similar to those in most of the peripheral countriesto Iraq. Also, at the local level, we may find some hemodialysis centers that have prevalent genotypes different from thoseprevalent in the general population which mightindicate every now and then local outbreaks due to breakthroughs in standard precautions for infection control Mahdi et al (2021) : Prevalence of hepatitis C virus genotype © Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health DOI: http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021. 24427 92 | P a g e
Family Expenditure on Higher Engineering Education in India and its Determinants

Research on family expenditures on education in India is not abundant; and research on the determinants of family expenditure on higher engineering education is very scanty. As a result, systematic knowledge of the nature and type of family expenditure is extremely limited and why do households invest in education? Of late while the significance of studies on family expenditures on higher education is increasingly understood in general and in the context of declining pubic budgets and when alternative methods of funding of education are being explored and cost recovery methods are being introduced. Using the data collected from about 7,000 students studying in forty-eight engineering institutions in four states in India, it is attempted in the present paper to examine the extent of family expenditure on engineering education and its determinants. The robust OLS estimates suggest that family’s economic, educational, and social factors exercise considerable influence on levels of family expenditures on engineering education in India. The paper is a modest but an important addition to the limited literature on the subject and helps in making informed public policy making.
Unemployment and COVID-19: A Comparative Study of OECD Countries based on Gender of Head of State

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the leadership in controlling COVID-19 and its effects on unemployment growth in OECD countries. We have divided the countries into two groups, countries with a male head of state and countries with a female head of state. Our sample period covers three waves of COVID-19. We have performed the wavelet analysis to evaluate the unemployment movement and effect of daily new cases per million and daily deaths per million. The results of continuous wavelet analysis have shown a significant variation in unemployment in the countries with the male head of state, as compared to the other group of countries. Wavelet Transform Coherence analysis shows that daily deaths per million have positively affected the unemployment growth at the beginning of the pandemic. However, a small effect of daily deaths per million is observed in the countries with the female head of state during August 2020. Otherwise, unemployment growth remains unaffected at the start of the pandemic, unlike countries with the male head of state. These results suggest that women tend to follow a proactive leadership style.
Multiple‐scattering effects in SAXS and XPCS measurements in the ultra‐small‐angle region

An experimental study of the influence of multiple-scattering events on data acquired by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) techniques in the ultra-small-angle range is presented. Both techniques rely on the single-scattering assumption and any deviation may lead to erroneous interpretation of structural and dynamical results. Typical effects of multiple scattering on measured static and dynamic scattering from model colloidal suspensions are presented, and it is demonstrated that the same information content as in a single-scattering experiment can be extracted after applying appropriate corrections. The perturbations induced by multiple scattering on resolution, photon statistics and speckle visibility are evaluated and the required optimal experimental conditions are discussed. In many cases, multiple scattering might be tolerable to a certain extent, especially if any shortcomings are outweighed by beneficial effects from counting statistics, acquisition time and signal-to-background ratio. The presented study may help to optimize future experiments and serve as a guide for data evaluation for this type of system.
Attention : Multiple types , brain resonances , psychological functions , and conscious states

This article describes neural models of attention. Since attention is not a disembodied process, the article explains how brain processes of consciousness, learning, expectation, attention, resonance, and synchrony interact. These processes show how attention plays a critical role in dynamically stabilizing perceptual and cognitive learning throughout our lives. Classical concepts of object and spatial attention are replaced by mechanistically precise processes of prototype, boundary, and surface attention. Adaptive resonances trigger learning of bottom-up recognition categories and top-down expectations that help to classify our experiences, and focus prototype attention upon the patterns of critical features that predict behavioral success. These feature-category resonances also maintain the stability of these learned memories. Di ferent types of resonances induce functionally distinct conscious experiences during seeing, hearing, feeling, and knowing that are described and explained, along with their di ferent attentional and anatomical correlates within different parts of the cerebral cortex. All parts of the cerebral cortex are organized into layered circuits. Laminar computingmodels show howattention isembodiedwithinacanonical laminarneocortical circuit design that integrates bottom-up filtering, horizontal grouping, and top-downattentivematching. Spatial andmotor processes obey matching and learning laws that are computationally complementary to those obeyed by perceptual and cognitive processes. Their laws adapt to bodily changes throughout life, and do not support attention or conscious states.
In Search of the Executive Cognitive Processes Proposed by Process-Overlap Theory

Process-Overlap Theory (POT) suggests that measures of cognitive abilities sample from sets of independent cognitive processes. These cognitive processes can be separated into domain-general executive processes, sampled by the majority of cognitive ability measures, and domain-specific processes, sampled only by measures within a certain domain. According to POT, fluid intelligence measures are related because different tests sample similar domain-general executive cognitive processes to some extent. Re-analyzing data from a study by De Simoni and von Bastian (2018), we assessed domain-general variance from executive processing tasks measuring inhibition, shifting, and efficiency of removal from working memory, as well as examined their relation to a domain-general factor extracted from fluid intelligence measures. The results showed that domain-general factors reflecting general processing speed were moderately and negatively correlated with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (r = −.17–−.36). However, domain-general factors isolating variance specific to inhibition, shifting, and removal showed only small and inconsistent correlations with the domain-general fluid intelligence factor (r = .02–−.22). These findings suggest that (1) executive processing tasks sample only few domain-general executive processes also sampled by fluid intelligence measures, as well as (2) that domain-general speed of processing contributes more strongly to individual differences in fluid intelligence than do domain-general executive processes.
Increased homeostatic cytokines and stability of HIV-infected memory CD4 T-cells identify individuals with suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery on-ART

Clinical outcomes are inferior for individuals with HIV having suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated if the levels of infection and the response to homeostatic cytokines of CD4 T-cell subsets contributed to divergent CD4 T-cell recovery and HIV reservoir during ART by studying virologically-suppressed immunologic responders (IR, achieving a CD4 cell count >500 cells/μL on or before two years after ART initiation), and virologically-suppressed suboptimal responders (ISR, did not achieve a CD4 cell count >500 cells/μL in the first two years after ART initiation). Compared to IR, ISR demonstrated higher levels of HIV-DNA in naïve, central (CM), transitional (TM), and effector (EM) memory CD4 T-cells in blood, both pre- and on-ART, and specifically in CM CD4 T-cells in LN on-ART. Furthermore, ISR had higher pre-ART plasma levels of IL-7 and IL-15, cytokines regulating T-cell homeostasis. Notably, pre-ART PD-1 and TIGIT expression levels were higher in blood CM and TM CD4 T-cells for ISR; this was associated with a significantly lower fold-changes in HIV-DNA levels between pre- and on-ART time points exclusively on CM and TM T-cell subsets, but not naïve or EM T-cells. Finally, the frequency of CM CD4 T-cells expressing PD-1 or TIGIT pre-ART as well as plasma levels of IL-7 and IL-15 predicted HIV-DNA content on-ART. Our results establish the association between infection, T-cell homeostasis, and expression of PD-1 and TIGIT in long-lived CD4 T-cell subsets prior to ART with CD4 T-cell recovery and HIV persistence on-ART.
A Switched Algorithm for Adaptive Feedback Cancellation Using Pre-Filters in Hearing Aids

Acoustic coupling between microphone and loudspeaker is a significant problem in open-fit digital hearing aids. An open-fit compared to a close-fit hearing aid significantly lowers the signal quality and limits the achievable maximum stable gain. Adaptive feedback cancellation (AFC) enables an efficient approach to reduce the impact of acoustic coupling. However, without careful consideration, it can also introduce bias in estimating the feedback path due to the high correlation between the loudspeaker signal and the incoming signal, especially when the incoming signal is spectrally coloured, e.g., speech and music. The prediction error method (PEM) is well known for reducing this bias. The presented study aims to propose a switched PEM with soft-clipping (swPEMSC) that allows for further improvement in convergence/tracking rates, resulting in a better ability to recover from unstable/howling status. This swPEMSC employs a new update rule inspired by a soft-clipping based stability detector (SCSD). It allows to pick up either the PEMSC-NLMS or PEMSC-APA depending on the magnitude of the effective feedback signal; howling corresponds to a large feedback signal. The PEMSC-NLMS with a small step-size ensures a low steady-state error, but slow convergence/tracking rates, while PEMSC-APA with a large step-size allows for fast convergence/tracking rates, but a high steady-state error. By combining those approaches, the proposed approach can take advantage of good characteristics from both. Experimental results using different types of incoming signals and an abrupt change of feedback paths show that the swPEMSC can shorten unstable periods (howling) by improving the convergence and tracking rates while retaining a low steady-state error and good signal quality.
Effect of Resin Infiltration on Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Subsurface enamel demineralization beneath an intact surface layer or white spots lesions (WSL) can and should be treated with non-invasive procedures to impede the development of a cavitated lesion. We aim to analyze if infiltrative resin improves enamel roughness, microhardness, shear bond strength, and penetration depth. MEDLINE [via Pubmed], Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Web of Science, Scholar, and LILACS were searched until May 2021. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Clinical Appraisal Checklist for Experimental Studies. Pairwise ratio of means (ROM) meta-analyses were carried out to compare the enamel properties after treatment with infiltrative resin on sound enamel and WSLs. From a total of 1604 articles, 48 studies were included. Enamel surface roughness decreased 35% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.49–0.85, I2 = 98.2%) and 54% in WSLs (95%CI: 0.29–0.74, I2 = 98.5%). Microhardness reduced 24% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.73–0.80, I2 = 99.1%) and increased by 68% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.51; 1.86, I2 = 99.8%). Shear bond strength reduced of 25% in sound enamel (95%CI: 0.60; 0.95, I2 = 96.9%) and increased by 89% in WSLs (95%CI: 1.28–2.79, I2 = 99.8%). Penetration depth was 65.39% of the WSLs (95%CI: 56.11–74.66, I2 = 100%). Infiltrative resins effectively promote evident changes in enamel properties in sound and WSLs. Future studies with long-term follow-ups are necessary to corroborate these results from experimental studies.
Drought and biostimulant impacts on mineral nutrients, ambient and reflected light-based chlorophyll index, and performance of perennial ryegrass

ABSTRACT Water shortage is a critical issue worldwide, and it may adversely impact non-food landscape plants. Thus, the impact of two levels of evapotranspiration-based (ETc) water stresses and two biostimulants consisting of s-abscisic acid (s-ABA) and glycine betaine (GB), and their combined applications on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) under climatic and soil conditions of the Intermountain West, USA, were studied. Clippings with 50% ETc had higher percentage dry weight (DW) but lower fresh weight (FW) and chlorophyll index (CI) than those with 75% ETc. The performance rating of plots with 75% ETc was significantly higher (better) than those receiving the 50% ETc treatment. Clippings with the 75% ETc treatment had higher concentrations of nitrogen (N), nitrate, phosphorous (P), sulfur (S), potassium (K), sodium (Na), and copper (Cu) than those with the 50% ETc treatment. Considering all mineral nutrient values, CIs, and performance ratings, we conclude that the application of 75% ETc is sufficient for maintaining a healthy turfgrass with a satisfactory appearance, while we can save 25% water as compared to the application of water at 100%. The application of biostimulants had no effect on clipping or root FWs, DWs, or percentage DWs. Clippings from GB-treated turfgrass had significantly higher N than those from all other biostimulants or non-treated control. Additionally, clippings from the plots with the GB treatment had significantly higher S, K, and Cl but lower Zn. Clippings from the s-ABA-treated turfgrass also had significantly higher K than those in non-treated control. Average performance ratings in s-ABA and GB, and s-ABA and GB were significantly higher than those in non-treated control, underscoring the values of these biostimulants in the reduction of drought stress.
Composition and Concentration of Phenolic Compounds of ‘Auksis’ Apple Grown on Various Rootstocks

Abstract The trial was carried out at the Institute of Horticulture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in 2013-2015. Cv. ‘Auksis’ was tested on 12 rootstocks: B.396, B.9, M.9, M.26, P 22, P 59, P 61, P 62, P 66, P 67, PB.4, and Pure 1. Accumulation of phenolic compounds depended on fruit yield and average fruit weight. On average, significantly lower concentration among rootstocks occurred when apple trees had abundant yield and fruits were smaller. On average chlorogenic acid constituted 50% and total procyanidins 28% of total phenols in ‘Auksis’ fruits. Flavonoid concentration most depended on rootstock and the highest variation was recorded. More than 50% difference occurred between the highest total flavonoid concentration in apples on PB.4 and the lowest on M.9 rootstocks. Low variability of total procyanidin concentration among rootstocks was observed. Differences between the highest and lowest concentration was 15%. Total concentration of phenolic compounds differed among rootstocks by 29-35% depending on the year. Differences in accumulation of phenolic compounds depended on rootstock genotype but not on yield or fruit weight. PB.4 and P 67 rootstocks had the highest, and M.9, P 62 and M.26 had the lowest concentration of total phenol in ‘Auksis’ fruits
Acquired Zinc Deficiency Mimicking Acrodermatitis Enteropathica in a Breast-Fed Premature Infant

We present a case of a transient acquired zinc deficiency in a breast-fed, 4-month-old-male prematurely born infant, with acrodermatitis enteropathica-like symptoms such as crusted, eroded, erythemato-squamous eruption in periorificial and acral patterns. The laboratory investigations showed low zinc levels in the infant’s and the mother’s serum and in the mother’s milk; genetic analysis did not show any mutation in the SLC39A4 gene, involved in acrodermatitis enteropathica. Acquired zinc deficiency is often found in premature infants because of their increased requirement, the low serum and milk zinc levels in breastfeeding women being also an important risk factor, as in this case. A prompt zinc supplementation is essential for the good prognosis of the disease.
Diverse methanogens, bacteria and tannase genes in the feces of the endangered volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi)

Background The volcano rabbit is the smallest lagomorph in Mexico, it is monotypic and endemic to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. It is classified as endangered by Mexican legislation and as critically endangered by the IUCN, in the Red List. Romerolagus diazi consumes large amounts of grasses, seedlings, shrubs, and trees. Pines and oaks contain tannins that can be toxic to the organisms which consume them. The volcano rabbit microbiota may be rich in bacteria capable of degrading fiber and phenolic compounds. Methods We obtained the fecal microbiome of three adults and one young rabbit collected in Coajomulco, Morelos, Mexico. Taxonomic assignments and gene annotation revealed the possible roles of different bacteria in the rabbit gut. We searched for sequences encoding tannase enzymes and enzymes associated with digestion of plant fibers such as cellulose and hemicellulose. Results The most representative phyla within the Bacteria domain were: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for the young rabbit sample (S1) and adult rabbit sample (S2), which was the only sample not confirmed by sequencing to correspond to the volcano rabbit. Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were found in adult rabbit samples S3 and S4. The most abundant phylum within the Archaea domain was Euryarchaeota. The most abundant genera of the Bacteria domain were Lachnoclostridium (Firmicutes) and Acinetobacter (Proteobacteria), while Methanosarcina predominated from the Archaea. In addition, the potential functions of metagenomic sequences were identified, which include carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. We obtained genes encoding enzymes for plant fiber degradation such as endo 1,4 β-xylanases, arabinofuranosidases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases. We also found 18 bacterial tannase sequences.