Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Total Ozone Field Separated into Meteorological Regimes. Part I: Defining the Regimes

Traditionally, studies in the stratosphere using column ozone amount, ozone profiles, and dynamical variables at midlatitudes have centered on zonal averages of these quantities made over specific latitude bands. This is in sharp contrast to the studies made within the polar vortices where the average is made within regions defined by potential vorticity, a meteorological parameter. An analysis of the ozone field in the Northern Hemisphere outside of the polar vortex is presented in which it is shown that this field can also be separated into meteorological regimes. These regimes are defined as 1) the tropical regime, between the equator and the subtropical front; 2) the midlatitude regime, between the subtropical and polar fronts; 3) the polar regime, between the polar front and the polar vortex; and 4) the arctic regime, within the polar vortex. Within each regime the zonal daily mean total ozone value is relatively constant, with a clearly separate value for each regime. At the same time, the stratospheric ozone profiles are clearly distinguishable between regimes, each regime having a unique tropopause height. A midlatitude zonal average, whether of ozone profiles, total ozone, or dynamical variables, will depend on the relative mix of the respective values within each regime over the latitude range of the average. Because each regime has its own distinctive characteristic, these averages may not have physical significance.
Early retinal deprivation crossmodally alters nascent subplate circuits and activity in the auditory cortex during the precritical period

Sensory perturbation in one modality results in adaptive reorganization of neural pathways within the spared modalities, a phenomenon known as “crossmodal plasticity”, which has been examined during or after the classic ‘critical period’. Because peripheral perturbations can alter auditory cortex (ACX) activity and functional connectivity of the ACX subplate neurons (SPNs) even before the classic critical period, called the precritical period, we investigated if retinal deprivation at birth crossmodally alters ACX activity and SPN circuits during the precritical period. We deprived newborn mice of visual inputs after birth by performing bilateral enucleation. We performed in vivo imaging in the ACX of awake pups during the first two postnatal weeks to investigate cortical activity. We found that enucleation alters spontaneous and sound-evoked activity in the ACX in an age-dependent manner. Next, we performed whole-cell patch clamp recording combined with laser scanning photostimulation in ACX slices to investigate circuit changes in SPNs. We found that enucleation alters the intracortical inhibitory circuits impinging on SPNs shifting the excitation-inhibition balance towards excitation and this shift persists after ear opening. Together, our results indicate that crossmodal functional changes exist in the developing sensory cortices at early ages before the onset of the classic critical period.
A comparative experimental and theoretical investigation of the electron-impact double ionization of He in the keV regime

We determine, both experimentally and theoretically, the fully resolved fivefold differential cross section (5DCS) of double ionization of helium by 5.6 keV electron impact. Symmetric energy sharing between the two ejected electrons is investigated at the excess energy of 8 and 20 eV with 0.22 and 0.24 au momentum transfer, respectively. Absolute 5DCS are determined by normalizing the experimental data to the well established single-ionization cross sections. The calculation is performed by using the convergent close-coupling method for the interaction between the two slow ejected electrons, together with the first Born approximation for the interaction of the fast incident electron with the atom. Experimental and theoretical 5DCS tend to agree in shape but disagree in magnitude by factors of three and 14 for the 20 and 8 eV excess energies, respectively. The small momentum transfer invites absolute comparison of the present electron-impact double-ionization results with the corresponding double-photoionization experiment and theory. Theoretically, the momentum transfer is sufficiently close to zero to show the scaling between the two scattering processes. This smallness of the momentum transfer also makes the calculated 5DCS nearly invariant with respect to simultaneous inversion of the momenta of the two ejected electrons.
Cranioorbital hydatidosis

Abstract To determine the clinical presentation and surgical outcome of cranioorbital hydatidosis. This retrospective study was performed in the department of neurosurgery Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar from November 1999 to October 2006. Twenty-one cases with intracranial/orbital hydatidosis were operated. The patients were either admitted through out patient department or referred from other units. Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging were the imaging modalities to reach the diagnosis in addition to serological and hematological tests. Surgery was the only treatment option used. Pericystic hydraulic method was the technique used for the excision of the hydatid cyst of brain. There were nine males and 12 females with male to female ratio of 1:1.3. All patients belonged to pediatric age group with age range of 4–14 years and mean age of 8.66 years. Headache, vomiting, papilledema were present in all the patients while seizures were the present in 16 patients. The lesion was removed surgically by adopting pericystic hydraulic method during craniotomy in all but two cases of orbital hydatid disease where lateral orbitotomy was performed to enucleate the cyst. There was no intraoperative morbidity except that the cyst ruptured in one case. No postoperative complications were noted and there was no mortality. Hydatid cyst of the brain presents clinically as intracranial space occupying lesion and is more common in children. Surgery is the treatment option with affordable morbidity and low mortality.
Electronic structure of the rotation twin stacking fault in. beta. -ZnS

The electronic structure of the rotation twin stacking fault in . beta. -ZnS is calculated with the self-consistent pseudopotential method. The stacking fault creates a potential barrier of approx.0. 07 eV and induces the localization of stacking-fault resonances near the top of the valence band. Stacking-fault states are also predicted to exist in the various gaps in the projected valence-band structure.
The underlying galaxies of X-ray-selected quasars.

Deep red images of 24 X-ray selected quasars were obtained using the SIT Area Photometer on the Palomar 1.5 meter telescope. About half were also imaged through green and violet filters. The images of all 15 of the quasars with redshifts up to 0.4 certainly are extended and the two at z = 0.45 probably are extended. The remainder of higher redshift are unresolved, presumably because they are too distant. The resolved structures are 10-30 in. across, symmetric, and centered on the point-like quasar nuclei. For most of the quasars the nuclear light and the extended emission can be roughly separated. Evidence that the extended emission is starlight from a surrounding galaxy is presented, permitting several properties of the host galaxy to be deduced. Its colors, surface brightness, linear extent, ellipticity, and frequent association with groups of galaxies indicate that it is usually a normal spiral galaxy.
Non-sensitive adaptive beamforming against mutual coupling

The standard Capon beamformer (SCB) is known to suffer from severe performance degradation when there is a mismatch between the presumed signal steering vector and the actual one. There may be several reasons leading to this result such as mutual coupling between array elements. The problem of adaptive beamforming in the presence of mutual coupling is studied based on a uniform linear array (ULA). By setting a group of auxiliary elements on each side of the ULA, the authors prove that the proposed method can inherently compensate the effect caused by the mutual coupling and greatly decrease the sensitivity of the SCB against mutual coupling. This technique can also be applied to most of the existing robust beamforming methods to further improve their performances. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of this technique.
Evaluation of TiO2-SiO2 ultra-low-expansion glass fabricated by the soot method using the line-focus-beam ultrasonic material characterization system

In this paper, we tried to fabricate a TiO2-doped SiO2 (TiO2-SiO2) glass ingot by the soot method, and homogenized the glass ingot by the zone-melting method. Homogeneities of the specimens were evaluated by measuring leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) velocity using the line-focus-beam ultrasonic material characterization system at 225 MHz. Two-dimensional LSAW velocity distributions having an average velocity of 3304.08 m/s with a maximum velocity difference of 3.85 m/s were measured for a homogenized specimen. Striae were not observed for the specimen. The velocity difference corresponds to 17.0 ppb/K from the sensitivity of the LSAW velocity to the CTE {4.41 (ppb/K)/(m/s)}. However, the velocity distributions excluding the edge parts were within ±1.13 m/s, corresponding to the CTE specification of ±5 ppb/K required for EUVL-grade glass. We also discussed the relationship between LSAW velocities and fictive temperatures by heat-treating a part of the homogenized specimen.
Dual-mode operation of flexible piezoelectric polymer diaphragm for intracranial pressure measurement

The dual-mode operation of a polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) piezoelectric polymer diaphragm, in a capacitive or resonant mode, is reported as a flexible intracranial pressure (ICP) sensor. The pressure sensor using a capacitive mode exhibits a higher linearity and less power consumption than resonant mode operated pressure sensor. In contrast, the latter provides better sensitivity and easier adaption for wireless application. The metrological properties of the dual-mode ICP sensor being described are satisfactory in vitro. We propose that the piezoelectric polymer diaphragm has a promising future in intracranial pressure monitoring.
Influence of temperature on the electromechanical and fatigue behavior of piezoelectric ceramics

This paper presents research results on the electro–thermomechanical behavior of piezoelectric ceramics for use in actuator applications with an emphasis on ferroelectric fatigue. The material being investigated is a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic with the composition PbZr0.53Ti0. 47O3 (PZT-5H). Results presented in this paper include an augmented constitutive model that accounts for the temperature-dependent piezoelectric properties. Using this model, nonlinear effects measured at one temperature can be extrapolated to other temperatures with good accuracy. Experimental studies into 180° and 90° polarization switching of PZT-5H indicate that the dielectric flux to dipole the material appears to be an adequate criterion for predicting this nonlinear switching behavior. Fatigue studies show that material degradation is strongly influenced by temperature and by the magnitude of the applied electric field. Above a critical temperature, PZT-5H no longer fatigues in the presence of large electric.
Mean Square Exponential Stability of Stochastic High-Order Hopfield Neural Networks with Time-Varying Delays

The paper considers the problems of global exponential stability for stochastic delayed high-order Hopfield neural networks with time-varying delays. By employing the linear matrix inequality(LMI) and the Lyapunov functional methods, we present some new criteria ensuring globally mean square exponential stability. The results impose constraint conditions on the network parameters of neural system independent. The results are applicable to all continuous non-monotonic neuron activation functions.
Influence of amplification scheme and number of channels on aided speech-intelligibility performance

Modern hearing aids offer a wide range of channels (i.e., filters) and amplification schemes. Our previous work revealed that increasing the number of channels, in conjunction with a fast-fast amplification scheme, results in (a) the spectral flattening of the vowels /i, u, ^/ (Amlani et al., 2011), and (b) reduced consonant- and vowel-identification accuracy in impaired listeners (Amlani et al., 2012). In the present study, we assess the performance of impaired listeners and their normal-hearing controls on the perception of everyday speech using the Connected Speech Test (Cox et al., 1987, 1988). The stimuli were processed through a simulated hearing aid with varying amplification schemes (linear, compression [fast-fast, slow-slow, fast-slow]) and number of channels (2, 8, 16). Findings revealed that while speech-intelligibility performance improved markedly with everyday speech compared to /CVC/ words for both groups, normal-hearing listeners identified the target words significantly better than impaired listeners did. Speech-intelligibility performance was similar across number of channels for normal-hearing listeners, but decreased significantly with a fast-fast amplification scheme. For impaired listeners, performance declined for channels greater than 2 and with the inclusion of the fast-fast amplification scheme. We discuss the implication of these findings relative to clinical application and hearing aid design.
Higgs couplings and asymptotic freedom

It is argued that in a non-Abelian gauge theory with no bare Higgs self-couplings asymptotic freedom is not disturbed. This is because the effective Higgs couplings (induced through gauge-particle exchanges) are shown to be convergent and gauge invariant (on mass shell) provided we use renormalization-group estimates for the asymptotic behavior of vertex and self-energy insertions. We show that these insertions are well approximated, so far as potential infinities of scalar-scalar amplitudes are concerned, by the (gauge invariant) running coupling constants replacing renormalized constants in the unmodified sets of graphs. In the case of weak coupling, we find that Higgs and vector-meson masses are in general of the same order of magnitude.
Excimer laser deposition of super-hard coatings

Super-hard functional coatings are obtained by high power excimer laser based PLD. Diamond-like, tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) is grown on substrates moderately heated to below 90°C inside a vacuum chamber upon ablating a graphite target by means of a high pulse energy excimer laser at a wavelength of 248 nm. The fast evaporation of the target material induced by the high photon energy of 5 eV, the short temporal width of 30 ns and the high fluence of the excimer laser pulses generates plume species with a high degree of ionisation and high kinetic energies. As a consequence, the kinetic energies resulting from excimer based PLD are significantly higher than those associated with the thermal evaporation and the ion sputtering deposition methods. In fact, the mean kinetic energy of the atoms and ions in the plume are in the range of 30 eV to 80 eV for fluencies of 5 J/cm2 to 20 J/cm2. Such large ontarget UV fluences are easily provided by high energy excimer lasers such as the Coherent LPXpro and by LSX laser models which can operate at output energies up to 1 J and average output powers up to 540 W.
Intraseasonal Variability in Coupled GCMs: The Roles of Ocean Feedbacks and Model Physics

AbstractThe interaction of ocean coupling and model physics in the simulation of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) is explored with three general circulation models: the Community Atmospheric Model, versions 3 and 4 (CAM3 and CAM4), and the superparameterized CAM3 (SPCAM3). Each is integrated coupled to an ocean model, and as an atmosphere-only model using sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the coupled SPCAM3, which simulates a realistic ISO. For each model, the ISO is best simulated with coupling. For each SST boundary condition, the ISO is best simulated in SPCAM3.Near-surface vertical gradients of specific humidity, (temperature, ), explain ~20% (50%) of tropical Indian Ocean latent (sensible) heat flux variance, and somewhat less of west Pacific variance. In turn, local SST anomalies explain ~5% (25%) of variance in coupled simulations, and less in uncoupled simulations. Ergo, latent and sensible heat fluxes are strongly controlled by wind speed fluctuations, which are largest in the coupled simul.
Miniaturized All stop to CABW tunable bandpass switchable filter using U-shaped multi-mode resonator

A pin diode loaded multi-mode resonator (MMR) based tunable filter has been presented in this manuscript. The filter consists of U-shaped resonator which are loaded with varactor tuned stubs at the middle. Also the resonator is loaded with PIN-diodes at the end. The proposed filter has two modes of operation based on the condition of PIN diodes - BPF mode, when the PIN diodes are ON and switch-off mode when the PIN diodes are OFF. In BPF mode, the proposed tunable filter maintains a constant bandwidth of the passband while tuning across different frequencies. A constant absolute bandwidth tunability has been achieved by controlling the first three modes - the odd mode and two even modes. The varactors have been introduced between the resonator and feed-line to maintain constant bandwidth while tuning. Additionally, the bandwidth reconfigurability at a fixed centre frequency can be achieved in the BPF mode of the proposed filter. In switch-off mode the filter will not allow to pass that particular band of frequencies. To demonstrate the concept, a filter has been designed and simulated to achieve a frequency tuning of 1.1 GHz to 1.8 GHz.
Radio Wave Propagation Analysis Using a Dual Polarized Antenna with BSF Characteristics for 4G and 5G Applications

A dual-band and dual slant $\pm \mathbf{45}\ \mathbf{deg}$ polarized inverted omega shape loaded MIMO antenna element, operating for 4G LTE-A (2.3-2.4 GHz) and 5G (3.4-3.6 GHz) applications is presented. A dual-band is realized by introducing the inverted omega (mho) shape loaded with the planar printed dipole antenna element. Dual slant ±45 deg polarization is achieved by utilizing two such modified dipole antennas in orthogonal orientation. Unidirectional radiation for 4G and 5G simultaneous operation is achieved by concatenating the electric conductor as a ground plane. The antenna is backed by a metallic ground plane at $\boldsymbol{\lambda}/\mathbf{4}$ for 4G and 5G operations. The antenna exhibits a beam width of 72 deg and 89 deg with a gain of 7.32 dB and 8.12 dB for a VSWR of 1.5 and 2.0 in the 4G and 5G frequency bands, respectively. radio network planning and wave propagation analysis have been carried out to study the antenna performance in the real-time scenario using 64 QAM and 256 QAM modulation schemes for the DPM model. The obtained downlink/uplink data rate are 3.826/2.8 Mbps respectively and the uplink/downlink throughput were 1044/800 Mbps respectively for the proposed four-stream MIMO antenna configuration at the deployed cell sites.
SIW Cavity Backed Elliptical Patch Antenna with Wideband Characteristics for 5G Applications

In this paper, a new technique to design a compact substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna have been proposed. This technique utilizes a metallic feeding strip sandwiched between two layers of the same substrate and directly connected to the center conductor of the coaxial feed. Due to the incorporation of the metallic feeding strip, effective electrical path length increases, which shifts the operating frequency to a lower frequency range on a large scale. As a proof of concept, an elliptical cavity is designed by conceiving this new feeding mechanism that helps to shift the lower cut-off frequency from 32.97 GHz to 23.67 GHz without increasing the size of the cavity-backed antenna. Further, focal feed, slot-loading at two focal points, and incorporation of the metallic rod at the slot positions are also conceived to improve the radiation properties. A broad impedance bandwidth (IBW) ranging from 21.65 GHz to 31.49 GHz (37.03%) has been observed, with a peak gain of 4.86 dBi at 24.50 GHz. The design evolution and operation mechanism are discussed based on electromagnetic (EM) simulation results.
Scalable Deep Learning-Based Microarchitecture Simulation on GPUs

Cycle-accurate microarchitecture simulators are es-sential tools for designers to architect, estimate, optimize, and manufacture new processors that meet specific design expectations. However, conventional simulators based on discrete-event methods often require an exceedingly long time-to-solution for the simulation of applications and architectures at full complexity and scale. Given the excitement around wielding the machine learning (ML) hammer to tackle various architecture problems, there have been attempts to employ ML to perform architecture simulations, such as Ithemal and SimNet. However, the direct application of existing ML approaches to architecture simulation may be even slower due to overwhelming memory traffic and stringent sequential computation logic. This work proposes the first graphics processing unit (GPU)-based microarchitecture simulator that fully unleashes the poten-tial of GPUs to accelerate state-of-the-art ML-based simulators. First, considering the application traces are loaded from central processing unit (CPU) to GPU for simulation, we introduce various designs to reduce the data movement cost between CPUs and GPUs. Second, we propose a parallel simulation paradigm that partitions the application trace into sub-traces to simulate them in parallel with rigorous error analysis and effective error correction mechanisms. Combined, this scalable GPU-based simulator outperforms by orders of magnitude the traditional CPU-based simulators and the state-of-the-art ML-based simulators, i.e., SimNet and Ithemal.
Design and Development of ultra wideband Transceiver's functional blocks MMICs Using GaN Technology

This paper discusses GaN based ultra-wideband high-power amplifier (HPA), low noise amplifier (LNA) with high input power survivability and RF single-pole double throw (SPDT) switch with low insertion loss along with high isolation and high-power handling. These functional blocks can be further used in development of transmit (TX) -receive (RX) module (TRM). Power amplifiers in ultra-wideband C-Ku band is designed to provide 10W of output power during transmission. A low noise amplifier with 30 dBm survivability and less than 3.0 dB noise figure over the complete band is designed for receiver side. Furthermore, an RF switch that is capable of withstanding 20 W RF power is developed for the selection of Tx/Rx path. Also, this paper discusses methodology to measure HPA, LNA and SPDT switch using CPW probe. The measurement of the circuits is done in pulse mode for HPA and in CW mode for LNA and SPDT switch. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. Measurement results show that power amplifiers give power output of better than 10 W. Low noise amplifiers having 18 dB small signal gain with 3 dB noise figure. RF switch has 45 dB of isolation with 1 dB insertion loss.
Ultra-Broadband Terahertz Wave Detection Using Photoconductive Antenna

We demonstrated the ultra-broadband detection of terahertz electric field in the frequency range from 0.1 to 100 THz with a photoconductive antenna and an ultrashort pulsed laser with a pulse duration of approximately 10 fs. Ultra-broadband THz pulses were generated with a thin GaSe crystal or a photoconductive antenna emitter. The spectral sensitivity of the photoconductive antenna detection was examined in the mid-infrared region. We also demonstrated an efficient acquisition method based on the fast scanning of an optical delay line.