Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in the management of oral lichen planus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated condition that has been identified as a potentially malignant oral disorder. Various therapies have been proposed for its management as alternative to corticosteroids. However, no definitive treatment has been identified that can result in complete remission or minimal recurrence. Hyaluronic acid has recently been used as an alternative therapy for the management of OLP. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness of Hyaluronic acid in the management of symptomatic OLP. Online electronic databases and manual searches were performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English between January 2010 and April 2022. RCTs were identified that compared the efficacy of hyaluronic acid and other interventional therapies at baseline and during follow-up. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Thongprasom sign scores, lesion size, degree of erythema, clinical severity, and disease severity were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Seven studies were analyzed. Five studies reported a high risk of bias while the remaining two studies reported an unclear risk of bias. The overall quantitative assessment of size, symptoms, degree of erythema, and sign score in OLP lesions treated with HA was not statistically significant compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). In addition, subgroup analysis comparing HA with placebo or corticosteroids did not yield statistically significant (P > 0.05) results. Qualitatively, both HA and tacrolimus resulted in an effective reduction in signs and symptoms. Clinical/disease severity index/scores were inconsistent. A high degree of heterogeneity was observed among the included studies. None of the included studies reported the side effects of HA. These findings suggest that corticosteroids, tacrolimus, placebo, and HA could be equally effective in OLP management. The clinical/disease severity index or score reduction cannot be determined with certainty. Thus, OLP can be treated with HA as an alternative therapy. Owing to limited clinical trials on HA, high heterogeneity, and high risk of bias in the included studies, definitive conclusions cannot be derived.
Introduction of Artificial Intelligence in Belgian Court: Failures, Challenges and Opportunities

The authors were recently granted a project in which they collaborate with judges from several jurisdictions in Belgium. The concrete goal of the project is to assist the Chambers for Distressed Enterprises in evaluating the economic prospects of selected enterprises. The implicit overarching goal is to introduce artificial intelligence in the Belgian legal landscape, an ambitious undertaking given that Belgium lacks behind most other European countries when it comes to digitisation in court. The project, as well as the background of the authors in artificial intelligence and law, puts them in a unique position to evaluate the failures, challenges and opportunities of the application of artificial intelligence in Belgian court. The obstacles that need to be tackled to prepare Belgian court for the era of an ubiquitous use of artificial intelligence, are illustrated by describing the seemingly endless efforts that are being made to introduce an online database that is to contain all judicial decisions. The observation that Belgian court operates, to some extent, in an archaic way, provides at once many opportunities for efficiency improvements by relying on artificial intelligence. This is illustrated by describing two specific potential applications of the use of artificial intelligence in Belgian court. The ideas and methods underlying these applications may as well find implementation in other judicial matters and in foreign jurisdictions.
Acetyl-CoA Counteracts the Inhibitory Effect of Antiandrogens on Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells

Simple Summary The androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis is the major therapeutic target in prostate cancer (PC). Second-generation antiandrogens, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, have shown impressive results in pre- and post-chemotherapy settings, prolonging the survival of PC patients. However, nearly all patients ultimately develop resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Our findings establish the role of the acetyl-CoA-dependent adaptive mechanisms in resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Abstract The commonly used therapeutic management of PC involves androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by treatment with AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI). However, nearly all patients develop drug-resistant disease, with a median progression-free survival of less than 2 years in chemotherapy-naïve men. Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolic signaling molecule with key roles in biosynthetic processes and cancer signaling. In signaling, acetyl-CoA serves as the acetyl donor for acetylation, a critical post-translational modification. Acetylation affects the androgen receptor (AR) both directly and indirectly increasing expression of AR dependent genes. Our studies reveal that PC cells respond to the treatment with ARSI by increasing expression of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), a major enzyme responsible for cytosolic acetyl-CoA synthesis, and up-regulation of acetyl-CoA intracellular levels. Inhibition of ACLY results in a significant suppression of ligand-dependent and -independent routes of AR activation. Accordingly, the addition of exogenous acetyl-CoA, or its precursor acetate, augments AR transcriptional activity and diminishes the anti-AR activity of ARSI. Taken together, our findings suggest that PC cells respond to antiandrogens by increasing activity of the acetyl-coA pathway in order to reinstate AR signaling.
Experimental Investigation into Electrical Discharge Machining of Stainless Steel 304

This study presents the experimental investigation of the machining characteristics of austenitic stainless steel 304 through electric discharge machining. The effectiveness of the EDM process with stainless steel is evaluated in terms of the removal rate (MRR), the Tool Wear Rate (TWR) and the surface roughness of the work-piece produced. The experimental work is conducted utilizing Die Sinking electrical discharge machine of AQ55L model. Cylindrical copper electrode having a size of 019*37 mm and positive polarity for electrode (reverse polarity) is used to machine austenitic stainless steel 304 materials. The work material holds tensile strength of 580 and 290 MPa as yield strength. The size of the work-piece was 022*30 mm. Investigations indicate that increasing the peak current increases the MRR and the surface roughness. The TWR increases with peak ampere until 150 ja sec pulse-on time. From the experimental results no tool wear condition is noted for copper electrode at long pulse-on time with reverse polarity. The optimal pulse-on time is changed with high ampere.
Synthetic, Cell-Derived, Brain-Derived, and Recombinant β-Amyloid: Modelling Alzheimer’s Disease for Research and Drug Development

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, characterised by the accumulation of senile plaques and tau tangles, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The development of AD is a pathological cascade starting according to the amyloid hypothesis with the accumulation and aggregation of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), which induces hyperphosphorylation of tau and promotes the pro-inflammatory activation of microglia leading to synaptic loss and, ultimately, neuronal death. Modelling AD-related processes is important for both studying the molecular basis of the disease and the development of novel therapeutics. The replication of these processes is often achieved with the use of a purified Aβ peptide. However, Aβ preparations obtained from different sources can have strikingly different properties. This review aims to compare the structure and biological effects of Aβ oligomers and aggregates of a higher order: synthetic, recombinant, purified from cell culture, or extracted from brain tissue. The authors summarise the applicability of Aβ preparations for modelling Aβ aggregation, neurotoxicity, cytoskeleton damage, receptor toxicity in vitro and cerebral amyloidosis, synaptic plasticity disruption, and cognitive impairment in vivo and ex vivo. Further, the paper discusses the causes of the reported differences in the effect of Aβ obtained from the sources mentioned above. This review points to the importance of the source of Aβ for AD modelling and could help researchers to choose the optimal way to model the Aβ-induced abnormalities.
Airline company's resource reallocation using network centralized data envelopment analysis with slack-based measure

PurposeSince airlines that employ their resources effectively will achieve operating profitability, air route resource allocation is significant for airlines. This study aims to investigate an appropriate model to reallocate resources into each air route of an airline company.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a network centralized data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with slack-based measure (SBM). The proposed model not only takes into account the two interconnected stages but also considers the nonradial approach with transfer-in and transfer-out slacks for resource reallocating. Furthermore, the authors modify the objective function to an input-oriented function with SBM, and divide the model into passenger and freight parts, which makes the model more realistic for the characteristic of air routes.FindingsThe empirical analysis using an airline company's internal data provides airline operators with information on how they increase or decrease input resources, which can serve as a practical guideline of resource reallocation. Specifically, the results indicate that the airline company should increase their input resources into long-haul air routes such as KOR-OCN while decreasing their input resources into short-haul air routes such as Korean-Oceania (KOR-OCN), Korean-Chinese (KOR-CHN), Korean-Southeast Asian (KOR-SEA), Korean-Japanese (KOR-JPN). Originality/valueAlthough some papers evaluate air route efficiencies based on the DEA approach, a few existing papers have addressed resource allocation for air routes. This paper is the first to study the resource reallocation for air routes based on the DEA approach, contributing to the literature in expanding the scope of research on resource reallocation.
Benchmark Analysis of Black Box Local Explanation Methods

In recent years, Explainable AI (XAI) has seen increasing interest: new theoretical approaches and libraries providing computationally efficient explanation algorithms are proposed daily. Given the increasing number of algorithms, as well as the fact that there is a lack of standardized evaluation metrics, it is difficult to evaluate the goodness of explanation methods from a quantitative point of view. In this paper, we propose a benchmark of explanation methods. In particular, we focused on post-hoc methods that produce explanations of a black-box. We target our analysis for most used XAI methods. Using the metrics proposed in the literature, we quantitatively compare different explanation methods categorizing them with respect to the type of data required in input and the type of explanation output.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in the Timing of Budburst for Australian Wine Regions

Background and Aims. This research investigates spatial and temporal trends in budburst timing across Australian wine regions from 1910–2019. The potential drivers of these observed trends were then identified, including anthropogenic climate change and large-scale climate drivers (El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM)). Methods and Results. The timing of budburst was approximated using accumulation measurements applied to Australia wide gridded temperature data. We show that the modelled budburst date has been gradually shifting to earlier in the year for most (95%) Australian wine regions, at an average rate of one day every 24 years. This linear trend in budburst timing is likely to be associated with steadily increasing air temperatures due to anthropogenic climate change. Significant interannual variability was also observed and was correlated with IOD and SAM; however, no significant relationship was found with ENSO. Positive IOD phases result in budburst occurring on average four days earlier than the long-term average; however, this can be as high as eight days. Conclusions. The results of this study highlight that budburst timing for wine grapes is not a stationary phenomenon and is influenced by both natural and anthropogenic conditions. Significance of the Study. Understanding variability and trends in modelled budburst timing will assist tactical and strategic management practices and improve phenological modelling and adaptation planning for climate change.
The Hidden Costs of Financing a National Football League Stadium with Municipal Bonds: The Case of Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas

The development of professional sports stadiums in the United States typically relies on public funding in the form of municipal bonds. Prior research has identified several economic and noneconomic reasons local governments choose to direct public funds towards the construction of stadiums. The overall conclusion of this research suggests sport stadiums do not result in significant increases in economic activity and therefore subsidized stadium development projects lack economic justification. In this study, the process of issuing bonds is examined. The authors describe the bond issuance process and utilize data associated with the bonds for the development of Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas, Nevada to quantify the hidden costs associated with financing the venue. Findings demonstrate the financial consequences for taxpayers resulting from a lack of transparency in the municipal bond issuance process.
The Nitrogen Dynamics of Newly Developed Lignite-Based Controlled-Release Fertilisers in the Soil-Plant Cycle

The effect of newly developed controlled-release fertilisers (CRFs); Epox5 and Ver-1 and two levels of Fe2+ applications (478 and 239 kg-FeSO4 ha−1) on controlling nitrogen (N) losses, were tested on ryegrass, in a climate-controlled lysimeter system. The Epox5 and Ver-1 effectively decreased the total N losses by 37 and 47%, respectively, compared to urea. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by Ver-1 were comparable to urea. However, Epox5 showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) N2O emissions (0.5 kg-N ha−1), compared to other treatments, possibly due to the lock-off nitrogen in Epox5. The application of Fe2+ did not show a significant effect in controlling the N leaching loss and N2O emission. Therefore, a dissimilatory nitrate reduction and chemodenitrification pathways were not pronounced in this study. The total dry matter yield, N accumulation, N use efficiency and soil residual N were not significantly different among any N treatments. Nevertheless, the N accumulation of CRFs was lower in the first month, possibly due to the slow release of urea. The total root biomass was significantly (p < 0.05) lower for Epox5 (35%), compared to urea. The hierarchical clustering of all treatments revealed that Ver-1 outperformed other treatments, followed by Epox5. Further studies are merited to identify the potential of Fe2+ as a controlling agent for N losses.
The D + s → π + K 0 S K 0 S reaction and the I = 1 partner of the f 0 ( 1710 ) state

Wehaveidentiﬁedthedecaymodesofthe D + s → π + K ∗+ K ∗− , π + K ∗ 0 ¯ K ∗ 0 reactions producing a pion and two vector mesons. The posterior vector–vector interaction generates two resonances that we associate to the f 0 ( 1710 ) and the a 0 ( 1710 ) recently claimed, and they decay to the observed K + K − or K 0 S K 0 S pair, leading to the reactions D + s → π + K + K − , π + K 0 S K 0 S . The results depend on two parameters related to external and internal emission. We determine a narrow region of the parameters consistent with the large N c limit within uncertainties which gives rise to decay widths in agreement with experiment. With this sce-nario we make predictions for the branching ratio of the a 0 ( 1710 ) contributiontothe D + s → π 0 K + K 0 S reaction, ﬁnd-ing values within the range of ( 1 . 3 ± 0 . 4 ) × 10 − 3 . Comparison of these predictions with coming experimental results on that latter reaction will be most useful to deepen our understand-ing on the nature of these two resonances.
Sparse identification method of extracting hybrid energy harvesting system from observed data

Hybrid energy harvesters under external excitation have complex dynamical behavior and the superiority of promoting energy harvesting efficiency. Sometimes, it is difficult to model the governing equations of the hybrid energy harvesting system precisely, especially under external excitation. Accompanied with machine learning, data-driven methods play an important role in discovering the governing equations from massive datasets. Recently, there are many studies of data-driven models done in aspect of ordinary differential equations and stochastic differential equations (SDEs). However, few studies discover the governing equations for the hybrid energy harvesting system under harmonic excitation and Gaussian white noise (GWN). Thus, in this paper, a data-driven approach, with least square and sparse constraint, is devised to discover the governing equations of the systems from observed data. Firstly, the algorithm processing and pseudo code are given. Then, the effectiveness and accuracy of the method are verified by taking two examples with harmonic excitation and GWN, respectively. For harmonic excitation, all coefficients of the system can be simultaneously learned. For GWN, we approximate the drift term and diffusion term by using the Kramers-Moyal formulas, and separately learn the coefficients of the drift term and diffusion term. Cross-validation (CV) and mean-square error (MSE) are utilized to obtain the optimal number of iterations. Finally, the comparisons between true values and learned values are depicted to demonstrate that the approach is well utilized to obtain the governing equations for the hybrid energy harvester under harmonic excitation and GWN.
Heat Transfer Measurements From a Surface With Uniform Heat Flux and an Impinging Jet

There are numerous studies, mostly experimental, on the characteristics and heat transfer associated with jet impingement on surfaces. These studies have considered both single jets and multiple jets (i.e., arrays) and many different aspects of impinging jets including the effects of crossflow, jet orientation (oblique jets), jet temperature, rotating surfaces, and different surface shapes. The present study is concerned with the case of a single circular turbulent air jet at the ambient air temperature impinging on a flat stationary surface. One of the difficulties in comparing recent numerical work with previous experimental results is the lack of data on the jet characteristics and in some cases the mixed thermal boundary conditions at the surface. The present work provides some new experimental results that attempt to overcome this difficulty by using a fully developed jet and a well-controlled thermal boundary condition (i.e., a uniform heat flux). No other similar measurements were found in the literature.
Scattering of Three-Dimensional Chiral Objects above a Perfect Conducting Plane by Hybrid Finite Element Method

Electromagnetic scattering from three-dimensional chiral objects above a perfectly electric or magnetic conducting plane (PEC and PMC) is analyzed by the hybrid finite element-boundary integral (FEM-BI) method. The chiral image principle is used to transform the original single chiral target in half space into two chiral targets with the same permittivity and permeability yet conjugate chirality parameters. Numerical examples demonstrate that the FEM-BI method provides a flexible and powerful solution of multiple scattering from inhomogeneous chiral objects. Both near field distribution and radar cross section (RCS) of chiral objects illuminated by plane waves are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid method.
Ground vibrations induced by InterCity/InterRegion trains: a numerical prediction based on the multibody/finite element modeling approach

This present paper aims to identify the main components which influence the generation and the propagation mechanisms of railway-induced ground vibrations. It is based on numerical assessments of ground vibrations on the L161 line that runs through Brussels Capital Region, Belgium. The objective is twofold. First, using data collection at a Brussels site, a numerical prediction model is built up. It is based on a two-step approach, recently validated in tramway and high-speed train cases and improved by an accurate description of the foundation. The vehicle/track/foundation and soil subsystems are treated successively. A key advantage of the new approach is that it is capable of including the effect of soil conditions in the vehicle/track simulation. The vehicle is modeled with the help of the multibody strategy. The soil is a three-dimensional finite/infinite element model, with a complex geometry on the surface and inclined soil layers. The track model includes a rail joint defect. The model is eventually validated against experimental data. Then, a sensitivity analysis on parameters of the studied site is performed. The vehicle and foundation modeling are discussed, along with the influence of local defects and vehicle speed variation on ground vibrations.
A type-II superlattice period with a modified InAs to GaSb thickness ratio for midwavelength infrared photodiode performance improvement

We present a type-II superlattice period with a modified InAs to GaSb thickness ratio for midinfrared detection. In this kind of structure, the large electron-hole wave-function overlap and the low intrinsic carrier concentration lead to a significant signal-to-noise ratio enhancement. For the proof of concept, a sample designed with an InAs to GaSb thickness ratio close to 2 was grown. Comparison with standard design photodiodes shows an improvement of the differential resistance area product by one and a half decade while the quantum efficiency was more than doubled.
Spontaneous electromagnetic radiation caused by binary ion-atom collisions in the quasiresonant case

The process of spontaneous electromagnetic radiation in the reaction A/sup +/ + B . -->. A + B/sup +/ + h.omega. is studied. Here A and B are the same kind of atoms or atoms with small differences in ionization potentials (quasiresonant case). Differential cross section, energy spectrum of the emitted photons, and total intensity of electromagnetic radiation are determined for thermal velocities of relative motion. Results are applicable in a wide range of temperatures: 500< or = T< or = 50,000 K. It is shown that the radiation spectrum is very broad and the radiation intensity is considerable.