Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-Layered Cross-Coupled Post-Loaded SIW Filter With Microstrip Ports

In this brief, we propose a new structure for reducing the number of substrates of a post-loaded substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) resonator filters with microstrip ports. For using fewer substrates, the proposed structure has microstrip ports and each capacitive gap (the dielectric gap between one side of each post and the ground) on one side of the filter structure, which has not been reported to date. Hence, it does not necessitate another substrate designated for the implementation of the dielectric-filled gaps for the capacitive posts of post-loaded resonators. In addition, a new cross coupling structure for SIW resonators is also presented in this brief. Negative couplings can be easily implemented by using the proposed slot structure.
Quadratic negligibility and the asymptotic normality of operator normed sums

Abstract The condition max 1≤ i ≤ n X T i V −1 n X i [formula] 0, where X i are vectors in R d and V n = ∑ n i =1 X i X T i , is important in the asymptotics of various linear and nonlinear regression models. We call it "quadratic negligibility. " It is shown that, when X i are independent and identically distributed random vectors in R d , quadratic negligibility is equivalent to X i being in the operator normed domain of attraction of the multivariate normal distribution, thereby generalising the one-dimensional case. Related results on the convergence of the matrix V n , along with results on the centering and norming constants for operator-normed convergence, are also given.
FUBP3 regulates chronic myeloid leukaemia progression through PRC2 complex regulated PAK1‐ERK signalling

The development of resistance and heterogeneity in differential response towards tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) treatment has led to the exploration of factors independent of the Philadelphia chromosome. Among these are the association of deletions of genes on derivative (der) 9 chromosome with adverse outcomes in CML patients. However, the functional role of genes near the breakpoint on der (9) in CML prognosis and progression remains largely unexplored. Copy number variation and mRNA expression were evaluated for five genes located near the breakpoint on der (9). Our data showed a significant association between microdeletions of the FUBP3 gene and its reduced expression with poor prognostic markers and adverse response outcomes in CML patients. Further investigation using K562 cells showed that the decrease in FUBP3 protein was associated with an increase in proliferation and survival due to activation of the MAPK–ERK pathway. We have established a novel direct interaction of FUBP3 protein and PRC2 complex in the regulation of ERK signalling via PAK1. Our findings demonstrate the role of the FUBP3 gene located on der (9) in poor response and progression in CML with the identification of additional druggable targets such as PAK1 in improving response outcomes in CML patients.
Biometric-Based Key Generation and User Authentication Using Acoustic Characteristics of the Outer Ear and a Network of Correlation Neurons

Trustworthy AI applications such as biometric authentication must be implemented in a secure manner so that a malefactor is not able to take advantage of the knowledge and use it to make decisions. The goal of the present work is to increase the reliability of biometric-based key generation, which is used for remote authentication with the protection of biometric templates. Ear canal echograms were used as biometric images. Multilayer convolutional neural networks that belong to the autoencoder type were used to extract features from the echograms. A new class of neurons (correlation neurons) that analyzes correlations between features instead of feature values is proposed. A neuro-extractor model was developed to associate a feature vector with a cryptographic key or user password. An open data set of ear canal echograms to test the performance of the proposed model was used. The following indicators were achieved: EER = 0.0238 (FRR = 0.093, FAR < 0.001), with a key length of 8192 bits. The proposed model is superior to known analogues in terms of key length and probability of erroneous decisions. The ear canal parameters are hidden from direct observation and photography. This fact creates additional difficulties for the synthesis of adversarial examples.
The theoretical analysis of a nonlinear holographic watermarking system

This research examines the nonlinearity of a previously proposed digital holographic watermarking system (Cheng et al 2005 Opt. Commun. 248 105–16). This system constructs a digital holographic watermark using modified Mach–Zehnder interferometric architecture and implements authentication watermark detection using an optical VanderLugt 4-f correlator. To analyze the nonlinearity of the system, the power law function is used to model the nonlinear characteristics of the spatial light modulator; the output of the nonlinear spatial light modulator can be obtained by an inverse Laplace transform. The theoretical study shows that the nonlinearity results in a sum of infinite harmonic series, where the mth-order term is phase-modulated m-fold by the original phase of the transformed mark. Importantly, only the first harmonic term preserves the original phase and leads to a correlation signal. Accordingly, a mathematical model for the nonlinear watermarking system is derived. Then, we apply the proposed model to design an optimal threshold for reliable authentication watermark detection.
Environmental Neurotoxin β-N-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) as a Widely Occurring Putative Pathogenic Factor in Neurodegenerative Diseases

In the present review we have discussed the occurrence of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its natural isomers, and the organisms and sample types in which the toxin(s) have been detected. Further, the review discusses general pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases, and how modes of action of BMAA fit in those mechanisms. The biogeography of BMAA occurrence presented here contributes to the planning of epidemiological research based on the geographical distribution of BMAA and human exposure. Analysis of BMAA mechanisms in relation to pathogenic processes of neurodegeneration is used to critically assess the potential significance of the amino acid as well as to identify gaps in our understanding. Taken together, these two approaches provide the basis for the discussion on the potential role of BMAA as a secondary factor in neurodegenerative diseases, the rationale for further research and possible directions the research can take, which are outlined in the conclusions.
Coherent manipulations of atoms using laser light

The internal structure of a particle – an atom or other quantum system in which the excitation energies are discrete – undergoes change when exposed to pulses of near-resonant laser light. This tutorial review presents basic concepts of quantum states, of laser radiation and of the Hilbert-space statevector that provides the theoretical portrait of probability amplitudes – the tools for quantifying quantum properties not only of individual atoms and molecules but also of artificial atoms and other quantum systems. It discusses the equations of motion that describe the laser-induced changes (coherent excitation), and gives examples of laserpulse effects, with particular emphasis on two-state and three-state adiabatic time evolution within the rotating-wave approximation. It provides pictorial descriptions of excitation based on the Bloch equations that allow visualization of two-state excitation as motion of a threedimensional vector (the Bloch vector). Other visualization techniques allow portrayal of more elaborate systems, particularly the Hilbert-space motion of adiabatic states subject to various pulse sequences. Various more general multilevel systems receive treatment that includes degeneracies, chains and loop linkages. The concluding sections discuss techniques for creating arbitrary pre-assigned quantum states, for manipulating them into alternative coherent superpositions and for analyzing an unknown superposition. Appendices review some basic mathematical concepts and provide further details of the theoretical formalism, including photons, pulse propagation, statistical averages, analytic solutions to the equations of motion, exact solutions of periodic Hamiltonians, and population-trapping “dark” states.
Osseointegration Properties of Titanium Implants Treated by Nonthermal Atmospheric-Pressure Nitrogen Plasma

Pure titanium is used in dental implants owing to its excellent biocompatibility and physical properties. However, the aging of the material during storage is detrimental to the long-term stability of the implant after implantation. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to improve the surface properties and circumvent the negative effects of material aging on titanium implants by using a portable handheld nonthermal plasma device capable of piezoelectric direct discharge to treat pure titanium discs with nitrogen gas. We evaluated the osteogenic properties of the treated samples by surface morphology and elemental analyses, as well as in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that nonthermal atmospheric-pressure nitrogen plasma can improve the hydrophilicity of pure titanium without damaging its surface morphology while introducing nitrogen-containing functional groups, thereby promoting cell attachment, proliferation, and osseointegration to some extent. Therefore, nitrogen plasma treatment may be a promising method for the rapid surface treatment of titanium implants.
Comprehensive Magnetic Field-Based Study on Effects of Static Rotor Eccentricity in Switched Reluctance Motor Parameters Utilizing Three-Dimensional Finite Element

Abstract In this article, a novel view of switched reluctance motor analysis under eccentricity fault for providing the precise and reliable model is presented. It then continues with describing the performance characteristics and comparison results of a six-by-four switched reluctance motor with static rotor eccentricity utilizing three-dimensional finite element analysis. The results of the three-dimensional finite element analysis for a 6/4, 20-W switched reluctance motor including flux-linkages, terminal inductance per phase, mutual inductances, and static torque for various eccentric motor conditions by considering the end effects and axial fringing fields for simulating reliable model, are obtained and presented. Finally, the comparison of these results with the results obtained for the same motor profile by utilizing the two-dimensional finite element method are presented and explained.
P o S ( E V N 2 0 1 4 ) 0 0 6 Things that go bump in the night : the curious case of NGC 660

We report new EVN, e-MERLIN and WSRT observations of a recent outburst in the polar ring galaxy NGC 660. First reported in 2013, a significant increas e in brightness has occurred within the galaxy, along with significant spectral changes. Archiv al VLA, MERLIN and VLBA observations show a ring of starburst-related emission in the main d isk of the galaxy, but no evidence for a compact radio core prior to 2010. Our new observations show significant increase in brightness at low resolution (WSRT), and a new compact object located ne ar the dynamical centre of the galaxy (e-MERLIN). High resolution imaging with the EVN sho ws this object consists of multiple spatial components. Spectra have been obtained at 1.4 GHz with all three arrays, showing a consistent picture of multiple narrow H I absorption components seen against the new bright, compact core. The evidence points to a new period of AGN activ ity in this galaxy.
Fabrication of Antibacterial TiO2 Nanostructured Surfaces Using the Hydrothermal Method

Implant-associated infections (IAI) are a common cause for implant failure, increased medical costs, and critical for patient healthcare. Infections are a result of bacterial colonization, which leads to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Nanostructured surfaces have been shown to have the potential to inhibit bacterial adhesion mainly due to antibacterial efficacy of their unique surface nanotopography. The change in topography affects the physicochemical properties of their surface such as surface chemistry, morphology, wettability, surface charge, and even electric field which influences the biological response. In this study, a conventional and cost-effective hydrothermal method was used to fabricate nanoscale protrusions of various dimensions on the surface of Ti, Ti6Al4V, and NiTi materials, commonly used in biomedical applications. The morphology, surface chemistry, and wettability were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and water contact angle analysis. The antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized nanostructures was analyzed by the use of Escherichia coli bacterial strain. XPS analysis revealed that the concentration of oxygen and titanium increased on Ti and Ti6Al4V, which indicates that TiO2 is formed on the surface. The concentration of oxygen and titanium however decreased on the NiTi surface after hydrothermal treatment, and also a small amount of Ni was detected. SEM analysis showed that by hydrothermal treatment alterations in the surface topography of the TiO2 layer could be achieved. The oxide layer on the NiTi prepared by the hydrothermal method contains a low amount of Ni (2.8 atom %), which is especially important for implantable materials. The results revealed that nanostructured surfaces significantly reduced bacterial adhesion on the Ti, Ti6Al4V, and NiTi surface compared to the untreated surfaces used as a control. Furthermore, two sterilization techniques were also studied to evaluate the stability of the nanostructure and its influence on the antibacterial activity. Sterilization with UV light seems to more efficiently inhibit bacterial growth on the hydrothermally modified Ti6Al4V surface, which was further reduced for hydrothermally treated Ti and NiTi. The developed nanostructured surfaces of Ti and its alloys can pave a way for the fabrication of antibacterial surfaces that reduce the likelihood of IAI.
Recommended practices and ethical considerations for natural language processing‐assisted observational research: A scoping review

An increasing number of studies have reported using natural language processing (NLP) to assist observational research by extracting clinical information from electronic health records (EHRs). Currently, no standardized reporting guidelines for NLP‐assisted observational studies exist. The absence of detailed reporting guidelines may create ambiguity in the use of NLP‐derived content, knowledge gaps in the current research reporting practices, and reproducibility challenges. To address these issues, we conducted a scoping review of NLP‐assisted observational clinical studies and examined their reporting practices, focusing on NLP methodology and evaluation. Through our investigation, we discovered a high variation regarding the reporting practices, such as inconsistent use of references for measurement studies, variation in the reporting location (reference, appendix, and manuscript), and different granularity of NLP methodology and evaluation details. To promote the wide adoption and utilization of NLP solutions in clinical research, we outline several perspectives that align with the six principles released by the World Health Organization (WHO) that guide the ethical use of artificial intelligence for health.
Galaxy formation by gravitational collapse

Galaxies may form by the collapse of density perturbations in a universe dominated by dark matter. In this scenario, the growth of density and velocity distributions around collapsed mass peaks is investigated, taking into account the random velocities imparted by substructure. Structures resembling galactic halos arise naturally from density perturbations in the cold dark matter scenario. When the halo structures are adiabatically compressed by the dissipating baryonic component, the resulting rotation curves are flat, over the full range of amplitudes studied here. In all cases the baryons are dynamically important in the centers of the structures, but in no case do they dominate. A peak of amplitude somewhat less than three sigma on the scale 10 to the ninth solar masses produces a structure with a rotation velocity comparable to that of the Galaxy; it is argued that peaks of about this amplitude and smaller should account for most of the mass in bound structures. 28 references.
Comparison of value per operative time between anterior lumbar interbody fusion and lumbar disc arthroplasty: A propensity score-matched analysis

Context: Despite the growing evidence demonstrating its effectiveness, lumbar disc arthroplasty (LDA) rates have not increased significantly in recent years. A likely contributing factor is uncertainties related to reimbursement and insurers' denial of coverage due to fear of late complications, reoperations, and unknown secondary costs. However, no prior study has compared the physician reimbursement rates of lumbar fusion and LDA. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the relative value units (RVUs) per min as well as 30-day readmission, reoperation, and morbidity rates between anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) and LDA. Settings and Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Subjects and Methods: The current study utilizes data obtained from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients who underwent ALIF or LDA between 2011 and 2019 were included in the study. Statistical Analysis Used: Propensity score matching analysis was performed according to demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Matched groups were compared through Fisher's exact test and independent t-test for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: Five hundred and two patients who underwent ALIF were matched with 591 patients who underwent LDA. Mean RVUs per min was significantly higher for ALIF compared to LDA. ALIF was associated with a significantly higher 30-day morbidity rate compared to LDA, while readmission and reoperation rates were statistically similar. ALIF was also associated with higher frequencies of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and blood transfusions. Conclusions: ALIF is associated with significantly higher RVUs per min compared to LDA. ALIF is also associated with higher rates of 30-day morbidity, DVT, and blood transfusions, while readmission and reoperation rates were statistically similar.
Refinements on the quasi-geostrophic ellipsoidal vortex model

Refinements on the quasi-geostrophic ellipsoidal moment model are proposed, where each coherent vortex is modeled by an ellipsoid of uniform potential vorticity. The dynamics of N ellipsoidal vortices can be described by a canonical Hamiltonian system of 3N degrees of freedom. We introduce a new set of “nearly” canonical variables in addition to those from the refined wire-vortex (spheroidal) model with 2N degrees of freedom. We replace the moment expansions used in the previous ellipsoidal moment model by the Gaussian integration method in the evaluation of the mutual interaction energy integrals. The refined model describes the interaction of two vortices very well and predicts the critical merger distance that was observed by direct simulation more accurately than the refined wire-vortex (spheroidal) model.
Factors associated with the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents transitioning to secondary school in Nairobi County, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

Introduction adolescence is a transitory stage in the lives of young people. The transition from primary to secondary school among adolescents is associated with suicidal behavior but is not well characterized in the Kenyan context. This study sought to elucidate factors associated with the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents aged 11-18 years in transition to secondary school. Methods a cross-sectional design was employed in the study that was conducted among adolescents in 5 randomly selected secondary schools in Nairobi County. The study involved 539 students who had joined form 1 in January 2020. Data were collected using the suicide behavior questionnaire-revised (SBQ-R) in March 2020. Factors associated with suicidal behavior were assessed using a generalized linear model (GLM), using a poisson distribution with a log-link function to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR), and a significance level of p=. 05. Results one-fifth (20.04%) of adolescents with a median age of 14 years were at risk of suicidal behavior. Depression (aPR=3.16, C.I {1.85, 5.41}, p=0.001) and lifetime alcohol use (aPR=1.87, C.I {1.17, 2.97}, p=0.009) were found to be significant factors for suicidal behavior. Conclusion depression and lifetime alcohol use are associated with the risk of suicidal behavior among adolescents transitioning from primary to secondary school. Interventions may need to be targeted at the pre-secondary or primary school level to prevent underage alcohol use and enhancement of social support to prevent depression in this demographic of the population.
Global zoom/pan estimation and compensation for video compression

An algorithm is presented for estimating and compensating camera zooms and pans. It models the global motion in each frame with just two parameters: a zoom factor and a two-dimensional pan vector both based on local displacement vectors found by conventional means (such as block matching). Since motion by objects in the scene obscures global motion, the algorithm can iterate to refine its estimate. Simulations suggest the algorithm is robust and accurate, and can significantly reduce both the energy of the motion compensated residual image as well as the zeroth-order entropy of the local displacement vector field. <<ETX>>
Effect of Nano Forms of Propolis and Antibiotic Pastes as canal Medicaments on Radicular Dentin Microhardness. (In-Vitro Study)

Background : In order to increase affected tooth’ life span, a successful endodontic treatment is required. Although mechanical preparation and proper irrigation play an important role in root canal treatment’s success rate, yet application of intracanal medicament is still a major key in obtaining an endodontically favourable outcome. Objectives: to asses the change in dentin micro-hardness after the use of Nano-Propolis, Double Antibiotic Paste (DAP) and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) as an intracanal medicament by Vickers Test . Materials and Methods: Forty-two extracted human single rooted lower premolars were collected and longitudinally sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction into two halves using a low-speed saw with a diamond disc. One half received the canal medicament while the other half was used as a control for dentin microhardness measurements. Teeth were divided into 3 different experimental groups equally according to the type of testing material; Propolis, Double and Triple Antibiotic Paste. Each group was further divided into 2 equal subgroups (7 each) according to the used medicament particle size either nano or micro sized. After two weeks, the difference between Propolis, DAP and TAP in nano and micro forms was investigated by Vicker’s test to evaluate the micro-hardness. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the median % reduction in radicular dentin microhardness. Conclusion: DAP, Nano TAP, Propolis, Nano DAP and TAP when used as intracanal medicaments adversely affects radicular dentin microhardness percentage reduction respectively, while Nano Propolis is considered safe as intracanal medicament regarding microhardness percentage reduction of root canal dentin.