Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bounding the Independence Number in Some ( n , k , (cid:2), λ) -Hypergraphs

Given positive integers k , (cid:2) and λ such that 2 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) k − 1, an ( n , k , (cid:2), λ) -hypergraph H is a k -uniform hypergraph on the vertex set [ n ] in which every subset of size (cid:2) is contained in at most λ edges. The independence number α( H ) of H is the maximum size of a subset of vertices which contains no edges of H . Let f ( n , k , (cid:2), λ) = min { α( H ) | H is an ( n , k , (cid:2), λ) -hypergraph } . In this paper we show that for any given positive integers k (cid:3) 5, 2 k + 4 5 where ω( n ) → ∞ arbitrarily slowly as n → ∞ and C k ,(cid:2) is a constant depending only on k and (cid:2) . In particular, C k ,(cid:2) ∼ (cid:2) − 1 e as k → ∞ . It generalizes the results from the case (cid:2) = k − 1 or λ = 1. An upper bound on f ( n , k , (cid:2), λ)
The three‐dimensional solar wind at solar activity minimum

In early 1998 the Ulysses spacecraft made history by completing an orbit around the Sun inclined to the solar equator by 80°. It observed the properties of the high‐latitude heliosphere at a time of low solar activity when the configuration of the solar magnetic field was relatively simple. The solar wind data acquired by Ulysses have placed firm observational constraints on theories of the acceleration of the fast wind from the polar regions. The speed of the polar solar wind was in the range 750–800 km s−1, with a slow increase toward the poles. The polar proton flux of ∼2 × 108 cm−2 s−1 was only two‐thirds the low‐latitude flux but still sufficiently high to require energy sources in addition to the conduction of heat from the hot solar corona. In comparison with the slow, low‐latitude solar wind, the heavy ions in the fast, high‐latitude wind had less elemental fractionation relative to the solar surface and a lower state of ionization. Fine structures in the polar solar wind, named microstreams, exhibited a correlation between speed, proton temperature, and alpha particle abundance. The absence of a latitude dependence of the widths of the microstreams suggests that they are caused by temporal, rather than purely spatial variations at the Sun. Magnetic field observations revealed a latitude‐independent radial field strength of ∼3 nT (normalized to 1 AU) and a large flux of outward propagating Alivén waves. The most probable direction of the interplanetary magnetic field was close to the Archimedes (Parker) spiral predicted on the basis of radial fields close to the Sun combined with the effects of solar rotation. The fluctuations about the average direction were so large, however, that there was little latitudinal variation of the average value of |BR|B, where BR is the radial component of the field with magnitude B. Latitudinal transport of field lines and nonradial field directions near the Sun appear to be other necessary additions to the simple Parker model. Some unexpected differences were found between the low‐ and the high‐latitude properties of the plasma from transient events called coronal mass ejections (CMEs). At high latitudes, the speeds of the CME plasma clouds were close to the speed of the ambient fast wind, shocks were observed both ahead of and behind the CMEs, and enhancements of the helium abundance and of high charge states of heavy ions were not observed, as they often are at low latitudes. The review closes with a summary of arguments in support of the view that the fast solar wind observed by Ulysses at intermediate latitudes has its origin at higher latitudes in the polar coronal holes.
New observations and a photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies

A photographic atlas of polar-ring galaxies and related objects is presented. The atlas includes kinematically confirmed polar-ring galaxies (category A), good candidates based on their morphological appearance (category B), possible candidates (category C), and possibly related objects (category D). New photometric and kinematic observations are reported for several galaxies in the catalog, including observations that show that UGC 7576 and UGC 9796 ( = II ZW 73) are S0 galaxies with polar rings. Roughly 0.5 percent of all nearby S0 galaxies appear to have polar rings. When corrected for various selection effects (e.g., nonoptimal viewing orientation, possible dimming, or limited lifetime of the ring) the percentage increases to about 5 percent of S0 galaxies which have, or have had a polar ring.
Feasibility of Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Placement in COVID-19 Patients Isolated in the Intensive Care Unit of a Small Volume Center (291-Bed Hospital)

Purpose: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be isolated from others to prevent widespread infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of performing peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement in patients with COVID-19 isolated in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a small volume center hospital.Methods: This retrospective study included 79 patients who underwent PICC in 2 ICUs. There were 41 patients with COVID-19 who were isolated in an ICU (isolated ICU) and there were 38 patients who required ICU care who did not have COVID-19 (non-isolated ICU). Their medical records including PICC-related complications and clinical variables were compared.Results: PICC placement was performed to maintain long-term intravenous access for 78% of the COVID-19 group and 52.6% of the non-COVID-19 group (p = 0.017). The mean procedure time (minutes) was 15.2 ± 7.58 in the COVID-19 group and 12.6 ± 6.65 in the non-COVID-19 group (p = 0.109). When PICC tip locations were divided into three groups (optimal, suboptimal, and malpositioned), there was no significant difference between the two groups of patients. PICC-related complications in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups included non-functioning catheter (0% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.137), occurrence of swelling or hematoma around PICC inserted site (2.4% vs. 0%, p = 0.333), and PICC-related infection.Conclusion: PICC placement for patients with COVID-19 isolated in the ICU of a small volume center hospital was feasible and safe.
Perturbation theory for the nearly integrable non-linear equations associated with a modified Zakharov-Shabat scattering problem

Recently it has been shown that the derivative non-linear Schrodinger equation, concerned with wave propagation in plasmas, can be associated with a modified Zakharov-Shabat inverse scattering problem. The authors produce an operator formula for the most general system of equations is solvable by this method and develop a perturbation theory capable of determining the variation in the scattering data to first order. They illustrate the theory by applying it to the derivative non-linear Schrodinger equation containing an additional perturbing harmonic forcing term, and consider the effect of this perturbation on an algebraic soliton.
Portable and Real-Time IoT-Based Healthcare Monitoring System for Daily Medical Applications

Remote healthcare and telemedicine technology have witnessed a large and rapid development in the last decade with the large development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, where various types of medical sensors are aggregated for measuring medical parameters and transmitting them anywhere. Smart portable products can now be used to monitor different medical aspects to track human health. Also, they can be used in the prediagnosis of various diseases and in detecting abnormalities of organ functionality. In this article, we design and implement a multifunction and portable health monitoring system, which can help in daily medical inspections. The developed system monitors various medical aspects: heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation level (SpO2), body temperature, photoplethysmography (PPG) signal, electrocardiography (ECG) signal, room temperature, and room humidity. The obtained measurements are displayed on the built-in display or transmitted over Wi-Fi to either a mobile application, in the local mode, or to the cloud storage for remote monitoring. The developed system can be used to keep an eye on the people we need to care about, while keeping them in their normal daily life. The maximum error percentage of the proposed system is reported as 2.67%, 2.04%, and 1.58% for HR, SpO2, and body temperature, respectively, compared to commercial devices. In addition, statistical tests were performed and they showed a high level of agreement between the observed and the reference measurements. The results indicate the high accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed system to be used in daily medical applications.
Vertical Shift and Simultaneous Diophantine Approximation on Polynomial Curves

Abstract The Hausdorff dimension of the set of simultaneously τ-well-approximable points lying on a curve defined by a polynomial P(X) + α, where P(X) ∈ ℤ[X] and α ∈ ℝ, is studied when τ is larger than the degree of P(X). This provides the first results related to the computation of the Hausdorff dimension of the set of well-approximable points lying on a curve that is not defined by a polynomial with integer coefficients. The proofs of the results also include the study of problems in Diophantine approximation in the case where the numerators and the denominators of the rational approximations are related by some congruential constraint.
Single-walled carbon nanotube growth from a cap fragment on an iron nanoparticle: Density-functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations

Growth of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) from a corannulene cap fragment on an iron cluster is demonstrated using density-functional tight-binding molecular dynamics simulations of laser synthesis. In order to explore multiple reaction pathways for the cap fragment to evolve into tubular form on the iron surface, reaction dynamics between the metal-bound cap fragment and gas-phase carbon atoms were investigated. It is found that rapid growth of the cap fragment can take place when carbon atoms are supplied in the vicinity of the cap fragment. In this reaction process, a high-density supply of add atoms leads also to rearrangements of existing $s{p}^{2}$-carbon-cap structures involving the formation of pentagons and heptagons as long-lived defects, while short-lived four- and eight-membered rings and short polyyne chains appear during the dynamics as important intermediate structures, facilitating growth.
Quantum logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and rapid mixing

A family of logarithmic Sobolev inequalities on finite dimensional quantum state spaces is introduced. The framework of non-commutative Lp-spaces is reviewed and the relationship between quantum logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and the hypercontractivity of quantum semigroups is discussed. This relationship is central for the derivation of lower bounds for the logarithmic Sobolev (LS) constants. Essential results for the family of inequalities are proved, and we show an upper bound to the generalized LS constant in terms of the spectral gap of the generator of the semigroup. These inequalities provide a framework for the derivation of improved bounds on the convergence time of quantum dynamical semigroups, when the LS constant and the spectral gap are of the same order. Convergence bounds on finite dimensional state spaces are particularly relevant for the field of quantum information theory. We provide a number of examples, where improved bounds on the mixing time of several semigroups are obtained, incl.
On dendrites, generated by polyhedral systems and their ramification points

The paper considers systems of contraction similarities in $\mathbb R^d$ sending a given polyhedron $P$ to polyhedra $P_i\subset P$, whose non-empty intersections are singletons and contain the common vertices of those polyhedra, while the intersection hypergraph of the system is acyclic. It is proved that the attractor $K$ of such system is a dendrite in $\mathbb R^d$. The ramification points of such dendrite fave finite order whose upper bound depends only on the polyhedron $P$, and the set of the cut points of the dendrite $K$ is equal to the dimension of the whole $K$ iff $K$ is a Jordan arc.
Global properties of Dirichlet forms on discrete spaces

We provide an introduction to Dirichlet forms on discrete spaces and study their global properties such as recurrence, stochastic completeness and regularity of the Neumann form. In this setting we compare the notion of a recurrent Dirichlet form and a recurrent discrete time Markov chain of a given graph. We prove several known and several new characterizations of recurrence by using functional analytic Dirichlet form methods only. Finally, we compare all the mentioned global properties and discuss their relation to spectral theory.
Ferromagnetism in the multiband Kondo lattice model

The ferromagnetic spin-exchange interaction between the itinerant electrons and localized moments on a periodic lattice, studied within the so-called Kondo lattice model, is considered for multiband situation where the hopping integral is a matrix in general. The modified Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida theory, wherein one can map such a model onto an effective Heisenberg-type system, is extended to a multiband case with finite bandwidth and hybridization on a simple-cubic lattice. As an input for the evaluation of the effective exchange integrals, one requires the multiband electronic self-energy, which is taken from an earlier proposed ansatz. Using the above procedure, we determine the magnetic properties of the system such as Curie temperature while calculating the chemical potential and magnetization within a self-consistent scheme for various values of system parameters. The results are discussed in detail and the model is motivated in order to study the electronic, transport, and magnetic properties of real materials like GdN.
Enhanced efficiency of graphene-silicon Schottky junction solar cells by doping with Au nanoparticles

We have reported a method to enhance the performance of graphene-Si (Gr/Si) Schottky junction solar cells by introducing Au nanoparticles (NPs) onto the monolayer graphene and few-layer graphene. The electron transfer between Au NPs and graphene leads to the increased work function and enhanced electrical conductivity of graphene, resulting in a remarkable improvement of device efficiency. By optimizing the initial thickness of Au layers, the power conversion efficiency of Gr/Si solar cells can be increased by more than three times, with a maximum value of 7.34%. These results show a route for fabricating efficient and stable Gr/Si solar cells.
Wild non-abelian Hodge theory on curves

On a complex curve, we establish a correspondence between integrable connections with irregular singularities, and Higgs bundles such that the Higgs field is meromorphic with poles of any order. Moduli spaces of these objects are obtained with fixed generic polar parts at each singularity, which amounts to fixing a coadjoint orbit of the group $GL_r(\mathbb{C}[z]/z^n)$. We prove that they carry complete hyper-Kähler metrics.
THE SPITZER SURVEY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE IN GALAXIES (S4G): MULTI-COMPONENT DECOMPOSITION STRATEGIES AND DATA RELEASE

The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) is a deep 3.6 and 4.5 μm imaging survey of 2352 nearby (<40 Mpc) galaxies. We describe the S4G data analysis pipeline 4, which is dedicated to two-dimensional structural surface brightness decompositions of 3.6 μm images, using GALFIT3.0. Besides automatic 1-component Sérsic fits, and 2-component Sérsic bulge + exponential disk fits, we present human-supervised multi-component decompositions, which include, when judged appropriate, a central point source, bulge, disk, and bar components. Comparison of the fitted parameters indicates that multi-component models are needed to obtain reliable estimates for the bulge Sérsic index and bulge-to-total light ratio (B/T), confirming earlier results. Here, we describe the preparations of input data done for decompositions, give examples of our decomposition strategy, and describe the data products released via IRSA and via our web page (www.oulu.fi/astronomy/S4G_PIPELINE4/MAIN). These products include all the input data and decomposition files in electronic form, making it easy to extend the decompositions to suit specific science purposes. We also provide our IDL-based visualization tools (GALFIDL) developed for displaying/running GALFIT-decompositions, as well as our mask editing procedure (MASK_EDIT) used in data preparation. A detailed analysis of the bulge, disk, and bar parameters derived from multi-component decompositions will be published separately.
Knowledge Production: Analysing Gender- and Country-Dependent Factors in Research Topics through Term Communities

Scholarly publications are among the most tangible forms of knowledge production. Therefore, it is important to analyse them, amongst other features, for gender or country differences and the incumbent inequalities. While there are many quantitative studies of publication activities and success in terms of publication numbers and citation counts, a more content-related understanding of differences in the choice of research topics is rare. The present paper suggests an innovative method of using term communities in co-occurrence networks for detecting and evaluating the gender- and country-specific distribution of topics in research publications. The method is demonstrated with a pilot study based on approximately a quarter million of publication abstracts in seven diverse research areas. In this example, the method validly reconstructs all obvious topic preferences, for instance, country-dependent language-related preferences. It also produces new insight into country-specific research focuses. It emerges that in all seven subject areas studied, topic preferences are significantly different depending on whether all authors are women, all authors are men, or there are female and male co-authors, with a tendency of male authors towards theoretical core topics, of female authors towards peripheral applied topics, and of mixed-author teams towards modern interdisciplinary topics.
Segmentation of radiographic cervical images with neuro-fuzzy classification of multiresolution wavelets

Segmentation of medical images poses a critical problem in image analysis. Segmenting a scene into different regions in the absence of sufficient apriori information is a challenging problem. A multiresolution image representation approach is presented here which makes use of a fuzzy neural network to segment a reconstructed image from wavelet decomposition into regions of interest. The multiresolution wavelets provide a basis for analyzing the information content of the image with global as well as local perspectives. The higher resolution levels contain information pertaining to the finer details while the lower resolutions capture the global features. A neuro-fuzzy algorithm facilitates the segmentation of the wavelet reconstructed image into different regions based on image intensity. The proposed algorithm has been applied to images of different kinds and has yielded promising results. The concept of using multiresolution wavelets and a neuro-fuzzy classification scheme has the added advantage of flexibility in the level of segmentation achieved.
CLASSICAL CHERN-SIMONS THEORY, PART 2

There is a large mathematical literature on classical mechanics and field theory, especially on the relationship to symplectic geometry. One might think that the classical Chern-Simons theory, which is topological and so has vanishing hamiltonian, is completely trivial. However, this theory exhibits interesting geometry that is usually absent from ordinary field theories. (The same is true on the quantum level; topological quantum field theories exhibit geometric properties not usually seen in ordinary quantum field theories, and they lack analytic properties which are usually seen.) In this paper we carefully develop this geometry. Of particular interest are the line bundles with connection over the moduli space of flat connections on a 2-manifold. We extend the usual theory to cover 2-manifolds with boundary. We carefully develop ``gluing laws'' in all of our constructions, including the line bundle with connection over moduli space. The corresponding quantum gluing laws are fundamental. Part 1 covers connected and simply connected gauge groups; Part 2 will cover arbitrary compact Lie groups.
Beyond the Cabello-Severini-Winter framework: Making sense of contextuality without sharpness of measurements

We develop a hypergraph-theoretic framework for Spekkens contextuality applied to Kochen-Specker (KS) type scenarios that goes beyond the Cabello-Severini-Winter (CSW) framework. To do this, we add new hypergraph-theoretic ingredients to the CSW framework. We then obtain noise-robust noncontextuality inequalities in this generalized framework by applying the assumption of (Spekkens) noncontextuality to both preparations and measurements. The resulting framework goes beyond the CSW framework in both senses, conceptual and technical. On the conceptual level: 1) as in any treatment based on the generalized notion of noncontextuality à la Spekkens, we relax the assumption of outcome determinism inherent to the Kochen-Specker theorem but retain measurement noncontextuality, besides introducing preparation noncontextuality, 2) we do not require the exclusivity principle -- that pairwise exclusive measurement events must all be mutually exclusive -- as a fundamental constraint on measurement events of interest in an experimental test of contextuality, given that this property is not true of general quantum measurements, and 3) as a result, we do not need to presume that measurement events of interest are ``sharp" (for any definition of sharpness), where this notion of sharpness is meant to imply the exclusivity principle. On the technical level, we go beyond the CSW framework in the following senses: 1) we introduce a source events hypergraph -- besides the measurement events hypergraph usually considered -- and define a new operational quantity Corr that appears in our inequalities, 2) we define a new hypergraph invariant -- the weightedmax-predictability -- that is necessary for our analysis and appears in our inequalities, and 3) our noise-robust noncontextuality inequalities quantify tradeoff relations between three operational quantities -- Corr, R, and p0 -- only one of which (namely, R) corresponds to the Bell-Kochen-Specker functionals appearing in the CSW framework; when Corr=1, the inequalities formally reduce to CSW type bounds on R. Along the way, we also consider in detail the scope of our framework vis-à-vis the CSW framework, particularly the role of Specker's principle in the CSW framework, i.e., what the principle means for an operational theory satisfying it and why we don't impose it in our framework.