Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Wear Phenomena Produced by Erosion with Abrasive Particles against Fluoropolymeric Coatings

To date, PTFE, PFA, and FEP-based fluoropolymer coatings have proven unbeatable in many services due to their excellent chemical inertness, very low wettability, thermal resistance, high non-stick properties, and good applicability. In use, these coatings usually suffer service cycles with consequent deterioration, and it is of great interest to determine the intensity and type of wear caused in addition to the deterioration that occurs in their properties. In this work, the response of three polymeric coatings of interest applied to aluminum substrates, after being subjected to the action of abrasive particles of aluminum corundum, glass, and plastic projected under pressure, has been studied. During the application of a given wear cycle, the hardness, surface roughness, surface texture, and thickness of the coating have been measured, in addition to the slip angle and surface transmittance to analyze the evolution of each type of coating. The results allowed a concise evaluation of the performance of three fluoropolymeric coatings of great interest, differentiating the induced erosive wear phenomena and contributing complete information to facilitate the correct selection for users with practical application purposes and as a basis for future research work focused on advancements in this field.
Electron-Electron Interactions in Graphene: Current Status and Perspectives

We review the problem of electron-electron interactions in graphene. Starting from the screening of long range interactions in these systems, we discuss the existence of an emerging Dirac liquid of Lorentz invariant quasi-particles in the weak coupling regime, and strongly correlated electronic states in the strong coupling regime. We also analyze the analogy and connections between the many-body problem and the Coulomb impurity problem. The problem of the magnetic instability and Kondo effect of impurities and/or adatoms in graphene is also discussed in analogy with classical models of many-body effects in ordinary metals. We show that Lorentz invariance plays a fundamental role and leads to effects that span the whole spectrum, from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The effect of an emerging Lorentz invariance is also discussed in the context of finite size and edge effects as well as mesoscopic physics. We also briefly discuss the effects of strong magnetic fields in single layers and review some of the main aspects of the many-body problem in graphene bilayers. In addition to reviewing the fully understood aspects of the many-body problem in graphene, we show that a plethora of interesting issues remain open, both theoretically and experimentally, and that the field of graphene research is still exciting and vibrant.
Brauer group of a moduli space of parabolic vector bundles over a curve

Let ${\mathcal P}{\mathcal M}^\alpha_s$ be a moduli space of stable parabolic vector bundles of rank $n \geq 2$ and fixed determinant of degree $d$ over a compact connected Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g(X) \geq 2$. If $g(X) = 2$, then we assume that $n > 2$. Let $m$ denote the greatest common divisor of $d$, $n$ and the dimensions of all the successive quotients of the quasi-parabolic filtrations. We prove that the cohomological Brauer group ${\rm Br}({\mathcal P}{\mathcal M}^\alpha_s)$ is isomorphic to the cyclic group ${\mathbb Z}/ m{\mathbb Z}$. We also show that ${\rm Br}({\mathcal P}{\mathcal M}^\alpha_s)$ is generated by the Brauer class of the projective bundle over ${\mathcal P}{\mathcal M}^\alpha_s$ obtained by restricting the universal projective bundle over $X\times {\mathcal P}{\mathcal M}^\alpha_s$. We also prove that there is a universal vector bundle over $X\times {\mathcal P}{\mathcal M}^\alpha_s$ if and only if $m=1$.
Competing magnetism in π-electrons in graphene with a single carbon vacancy

One intriguing finding in graphene is the vacancy-induced magnetism that highlights the interesting interaction between local magnetic moments and conduction electrons. Within density functional theory, the current understanding of the ground state is that a Stoner instability gives rise to ferromagnetism of $\pi$ electrons aligned with the localized moment of a $\sigma$ dangling bond and the induced $\pi$ magnetic moments vanish at low vacancy concentrations. However, the observed Kondo effect suggests that $\pi$ electrons around the vacancy should antiferromagnetically couple to the local moment and carry non-vanishing moments. Here we propose that a phase possessing both significant out-of-plane displacements and $\pi$ bands with antiferromagnetic coupling to the localized $\sigma$ moment is the ground state. With the features we provide, it is possible for spin-resolved STM, STS, and ARPES measurements to verify the newly proposed phase.
QUANTIFYING THE BEHAVIOUR OF CURVATURE PERTURBATIONS NEAR HORIZON CROSSING

How much does the curvature perturbation change after it leaves the horizon, and when should one evaluate the power spectrum? To answer these questions we study single field inflation models numerically, and compare the evolution of different curvature perturbations from horizon crossing to the end of inflation. We find that e.g. in chaotic inflation, the amplitude of the comoving and the curvature perturbation on uniform density hypersurfaces differ by up to 180 % at horizon crossing assuming the same amplitude at the end of inflation, and that it takes approximately 3 efolds for the curvature perturbation to be within 1 % of its value at the end of inflation.
Beyond Technical Motives: Perceived User Behavior in Abandoning Wearable Health & Wellness Trackers

Health trackers are widely adopted to support individuals with daily health and wellness activity tracking. They can help increase steps taken, enhance sleeping pattern, improve healthy diet, and promote the overall health. Despite the growth in wearable adoption, their real-life use is still questionable. While some users derive long-term values from their trackers, others face barriers to integrate it into their daily routine. Studies have analysed technical aspects of these barriers. In this paper, we analyse the behavioural factors of discouragement and wearable abandonment strictly tied to user habits and lifestyle circumstances. A data analysis was conducted on 8 of the highly rated wearables for 2017. The analysis collected sale posts on Kijiji and Gumtree, the second sales online retailers for both the Italian and UK market, respectively. We extracted insights from the posts about user motives, highlighted technology condition and limitations, and timeframe before the abandonment. The findings revealed certain user behavioural patterns when abandoning their wearables. In addition, analysing the posts showed other motives for the posts and not strictly related to wearable abandonment.
The incidence of magnetic fields in massive stars: An overview of the MiMeS Survey Component

With only a handful of known magnetic massive stars, there is a troubling deficit in the scope of our knowledge of the influence of magnetic fields on stellar evolution, and almost no empirical basis for understanding how fields modify mass loss and rotation in massive stars. Most remarkably, there is still no solid consensus regarding the origin physics of these fields - whether they are fossil remnants, or produced by contemporaneous dynamos, or some combination of these mechanisms. This article will present an overview of the Survey Component of the MiMeS Large Programs, the primary goal of which is to search for Zeeman signatures in the circular polarimetry of massive stars (stars with spectral types B3 and hotter) that were previously unknown to host any magnetic field. To date, the MiMeS collaboration has collected more than 550 high-resolution spectropolarimetric observations with ESPaDOnS and Narval of nearly 170 different stars, from which we have detected 14 new magnetic stars.
Feature analysis for drowsiness detection based on facial skin temperature using variational autoencoder : a preliminary study

ABSTRACT Technology to detect signs of drowsiness in drivers is essential even in the age of automated driving to prevent traffic accidents. In this study, facial skin temperature, which can be measured remotely using infrared thermography, as a measure for determining drowsiness was in focus. Facial skin temperature is an autonomic nervous system index that depends on skin blood flow. It is known that facial skin temperature changes depending on the physiological and psychological state, and that it is affected by drowsiness. We focused on an anomaly detection algorithm called the variational autoencoder (VAE). In this study, a model to detect drowsiness was constructed using VAE with only the facial skin temperature during arousal from sleep and search was made for facial areas where skin temperature fluctuates with drowsiness using the model. As a result, it was found that the side of the nasal dorsum may fluctuate with drowsiness and that facial skin temperature may fluctuate asymmetrically with drowsiness. Skin temperature around the orbit was shown to be an area of possible physiological and psychological significance related to autonomic nervous system activity. Based on the above, the degree of anomaly was confirmed to vary depending on the degree of drowsiness, indicating the usefulness of using VAE for drowsiness detection based on facial skin temperature.
Interacting Particle Systems and Yaglom Limit Approximation of Diffusions with Unbounded Drift

We study the existence and the exponential ergodicity of a general interacting particle system, whose components are driven by independent diffusion processes with values in an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d\geq1$. The interaction occurs when a particle hits the boundary: it jumps to a position chosen with respect to a probability measure depending on the position of the whole system. Then we study the behavior of such a system when the number of particles goes to infinity. This leads us to an approximation method for the Yaglom limit of multi-dimensional diffusion processes with unbounded drift defined on an unbounded open set. While most of known results on such limits are obtained by spectral theory arguments and are concerned with existence and uniqueness problems, our approximation method allows us to get numerical values of quasi-stationary distributions, which find applications to many disciplines. We end the paper with numerical illustrations of our approximation method for stochastic processes related to biological population models.
Power‐Law Viscoelastic Flow of the Lower Accretionary Prism in the Makran Subduction Zone Following the 2013 Baluchistan Earthquake

Subduction zone accretionary prisms are commonly modeled as elastic structures where permanent deformation is accommodated by faulting and folding of otherwise elastic materials, yet accretionary prisms may exhibit other deformation styles over relatively short time scales. In this study, we use 6.5‐year (2014–2021) Sentinel‐1 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time‐series of post‐seismic deformation in the Makran accretionary prism of southeast Pakistan to characterize non‐linear viscoelastic deformation within an active accretionary prism on short timescales (months to years). We constructed a series of 3‐D finite‐element models of the Makran subduction zone, including an accretionary prism, and constrained the elastic thickness of the upper wedge and the flow‐law parameters (power‐law exponent, activation enthalpy, and pre‐exponential constant) of the lower wedge through forward model fits to the InSAR time‐series. Our results show that the prism is elastically thin (8–12 km) and the non‐linear viscoelastic relaxation of the deep portions of the prism alone can sufficiently explain the post‐seismic surface deformation. Our best fitting flow‐law parameters (n = 3.76 ± 0.39, Q = 82.2 ± 37.73 kJ mol−1, and A = 10−3.36±4.69) are consistent with triggering of low temperature dislocation creep within fluid‐saturated siliciclastic rocks. We believe that the fluids necessary for this weakening originate from sedimentary underplating and/or the presence the hydrocarbons. The presence of power‐law rheology within the lower wedge impacts the estimated plate coupling and the stress state in the subduction system, with respect to the conventional elastic wedge model, and hence should to be considered in future earthquake cycle models.
Large Magnetic Susceptibility Anisotropy of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes

Through magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy, the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes has been extracted and found to be 2-4 times greater than values for semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. This large anisotropy is consistent with our calculations and can be understood in terms of large orbital paramagnetism of electrons in metallic nanotubes arising from the Aharonov-Bohm-phase-induced gap opening in a parallel field. We also compare our values with previous work for semiconducting nanotubes, which confirm a break from the prediction that the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy increases linearly with the diameter.
Quantum field theory of interacting dark matter and dark energy: Dark monodromies

We discuss how to formulate a quantum eld theory of dark energy interacting with dark matter. We show that the proposals based on the assumption that dark matter is made up of heavy particles with masses which are very sensitive to the value of dark energy are strongly constrained. Quintessence-generated long range forces and radiative stability of the quintessence potential require that such dark matter and dark energy are completely decoupled. However, if dark energy and a fraction of dark matter are very light axions, they can have signicant mixings which are radiatively stable and perfectly consistent with quantum eld theory. Such models can naturally occur in multi-axion realizations of monodromies. The mixings yield interesting signatures which are observable and are within current cosmological limits but could be constrained further by future observations.
How Effective Are Colleges in Educating a Diverse Student Body? Evidence from West Point

We develop an assessment strategy that uses matching algorithms to compare the outcomes of minority and majority college students who have comparable qualifications at entry. We implement this strategy through use of data from the United States Military Academy at West Point. We find that minority and majority students at West Point have similar graduation rates. Moreover, there are no differences in early career outcomes between minority and majority graduates. There is, however, an achievement gap between black and white students but not between Hispanic and white students. Finally, a 10-month program offered by West Point’s preparatory school substantially improves the college readiness of minority students.
Base spacing distribution analysis for human genome

The distribution of bases spacing in human genome was investigated. An analysis of the frequency of occurrence in the human genome of different sequence lengths flanked by one type of nucleotide was carried out showing that the distribution has no self-similar (fractal) structure. The results nevertheless revealed several characteristic features: (i) the distribution for short-range spacing is quite similar to the purely stochastic sequences; (ii) the distribution for long-range spacing essentially deviates from the random sequence distribution, showing strong long-range correlations; (iii) the differences between (A, T) and (C, G) bases are quite significant; (iv) the spacing distribution displays tiny oscillations.
CO2 Thermal Conductivity Detection in Gas Mixture for Concentration Measurement Using Bridge Configuration of Thermopiles

In this research, improvisation was carried out by modifying the market IR thermopile which functions as a thermal conductivity detector to measure the concentration of CO2 gas in the gas mixture. Four thermopiles are configured with a Wheatstone bridge with the aim of increasing the accuracy of the measurement system in detecting changes in CO2 concentration in the gas mixture (N2 and CO2). Using the bridge configuration of these four thermopiles, this measurement system can measure changes in CO2 concentration in small orders. The sensor developed is easy to manufacture, low cost, and has high linearity as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.9943. From the experiments carried out, the sensor works quite accurately in detecting CO2 concentrations with the sensor’s sensitivity of -88.19 Volt/%, the detection range is 0% to 100%, and the RMS error value is 2.25.
THE VARIABLE OPTICAL POLARIZATION AND FERMI OBSERVATIONS OF PMN J0948+0022

We report on observations of the γ-ray and optical photopolarimetric behavior of the radio-loud, narrow-line type-1 Seyfert galaxy PMN J0948+0022 over a 27 month period. As this object has recently been suggested to represent a prototype of an emerging class of blazar-like objects, the observed properties are compared to those of blazars. We extract doubling timescales of roughly 4 hr for the optical and γ-ray bands. The rapid microvariability in the optical/near-IR, significant and variable optical polarization, and strong yet rapidly variable γ-ray emission we observe for PMN J0948+0022 are all classical observational characteristics associated with blazars. However, since these observations do not show a clear correlation between the γ-ray and optical behavior, they do not offer conclusive proof that the emissive behavior of PMN J0948+0022 is due to a relativistic jet oriented close to our line of sight.
The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium

The bulk of cosmic matter resides in a dilute reservoir that fills the space between galaxies, the intergalactic medium (IGM). The history of this reservoir is intimately tied to the cosmic histories of structure formation, star formation, and supermassive black hole accretion. Our models for the IGM at intermediate redshifts (2≲z≲5) are a tremendous success, quantitatively explaining the statistics of Lyα absorption of intergalactic hydrogen. However, at both lower and higher redshifts (and around galaxies) much is still unknown about the IGM. We review the theoretical models and measurements that form the basis for the modern understanding of the IGM, and we discuss unsolved puzzles (ranging from the largely unconstrained process of reionization at high z to the missing baryon problem at low z), highlighting the efforts that have the potential to solve them.
CHANDRA HIGH-ENERGY GRATING OBSERVATIONS OF THE Fe Kα LINE CORE IN TYPE II SEYFERT GALAXIES: A COMPARISON WITH TYPE I NUCLEI

We present a study of the core of the Fe Kα emission line at ∼6.4 keV in a sample of type II Seyfert galaxies observed by the Chandra high-energy grating. The sample consists of 29 observations of 10 unique sources. We present measurements of the Fe Kα line parameters with the highest spectral resolution currently available. In particular, we derive the most robust intrinsic line widths for some of the sources in the sample to date. We obtained a weighted mean full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 2000 ± 160 km s−1 for 8 out of 10 sources (the remaining sources had insufficient signal to noise). From a comparison with the optical emission-line widths obtained from spectropolarimetric observations, we found that the location of Fe Kα line-emitting material is a factor of ∼0.7–11 times the size of the optical broad-line region. Furthermore, compared to 13 type I active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for which the best Fe Kα line FWHM constraints were obtained, we found no difference in the FWHM distribution or the mean FWHM, and this conclusion is independent of the central black hole mass. This result suggests that the bulk of the Fe Kα line emission may originate from a universal region at the same radius with respect to the gravitational radius, ∼3 × 104 rg on average. By examining the correlation between the Fe Kα luminosity and the [O iv] line luminosity, we found a marginal difference in the Fe Kα line flux between type I and type II AGNs, but the spread in the ratio of LFe to L[O iv] is about two orders of magnitude. Our results confirm the theoretical expectation that the Fe Kα emission-line luminosity cannot trivially be used as a proxy of the intrinsic AGN luminosity, unless a detailed comparison of the data with proper models is applied.
Dual-Frequency Retrodirective Antenna Array With Wide Dynamic Range for Wireless Power Transfer

This letter presents a dual-frequency heterodyne retrodirective antenna (RDA) array with relatively large frequency ratio between receiving and transmitting for adaptive tracking in far-field wireless power transfer systems. The proposed RDA consists of an eight-channel radio frequency mixing, amplify chain and two 1 × 8 circularly polarized arrays with different operation frequency and orthogonal polarizations, receiving at 3.8 GHz with right-hand circular polarization and transmitting at 5.8 GHz with left-hand circular polarization, respectively. For received power levels from −80 to −40 dBm, each chain outputs with consistent phase and stable power about 29 dBm brought by automatic gain control and compensation phase shifter. It can transmit reversely along the direction of beacon signal from near to far distance. High system isolation is achieved through inherent isolation of different frequencies and orthogonal polarizations of the T/R arrays. Monostatic and bistatic measurements are taken, and measured results verify that the proposed RDA is of far-field tracking capability to receive and transmit from −40° to 40°.
μ distortions or running: A guaranteed discovery from CMB spectrometry

We discuss the implications of a PIXIE-like experiment, which would measure $\mu$-type spectral distortions of the CMB at a level of $\sigma_{\mu}=(1/n)\times 10^{-8}$, with $n\geq1$ representing an improved sensitivity (e.g. $n=10$ corresponds to PRISM). Using Planck data and considering the six-parameter $\Lambda$CDM model, we compute the posterior for $\mu_8\equiv\mu\times 10^{8}$ and find $\mu_8=1.57^{+0.11}_{-0.13}$ ($68\%\,\mathrm{CL}$). This becomes $\mu_{8} = 1.28^{+0.30}_{-0.52}$ ($68\%\,\mathrm{CL}$) when the running $\alpha_\mathrm{s}$ of the spectral index is included. We point out that a sensitivity of about $3\times$ PIXIE implies a guaranteed discovery: $\mu$-distortion is detected or $\alpha_\mathrm{s}\geq 0$ is excluded (both at $95\%\,\mathrm{CL}$ or higher). This threshold sensitivity sets a clear benchmark for CMB spectrometry. For a combined analysis of PIXIE and current Planck data, we discuss the improvement on measurements of the tilt $n_\mathrm{s}$ and the running $\alpha_\mathrm{s}$ and the dependence on the choice of the pivot. A fiducial running of $\alpha_\mathrm{s}=-0.01$ (close to the Planck best-fit) leads to a detection of negative running at $2\sigma$ for $5\times$ PIXIE. A fiducial running of $\alpha_\mathrm{s}=-0.02$, still compatible with Planck, requires $3\times$ PIXIE to rule out $\alpha_\mathrm{s} = 0$ (at $95\%\,\mathrm{CL}$). We propose a convenient and compact visualization of the improving constraints on the tilt, running and tensor-to-scalar ratio.