Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation and Analysis of Stable Election Protocol

Wireless sensor network is a new challenging technology of networked system used for research and is characterized by data processing abilities. These operate in hostile environment and interact with sensitive data. One of the major issues in wireless sensor network is developing an energy-efficient routing protocol. Since the sensor nodes have limited available power, energy conservation is a critical issue in wireless sensor network for nodes and network life. Hence, a new heterogeneous network with different types of nodes having different initial energy levels have been considered which is called SEP (Stable Election Protocol) for WSN. SEP provides better network lifetime than the existing protocols. SEP's main aim is to increase the stable region and as a result the unstable region is decreased. Therefore, the quality of the feedback of wireless clustered sensor networks is improved by the use of SEP protocol.
Forcing causality on S-parameter data using the Hilbert transform

A new technique to condition S-parameter data for inclusion in a time-domain simulator is presented. This technique uses the Hilbert transform and a new set of network parameters which are always positive real for a passive network. The usefulness of the technique is demonstrated by removing the noncausal aspects of a set of measured S-parameter data.
Flora de interesse meliponícola em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil

Objetivou-se conhecer os recursos tróficos, florescimento e visitantes florais no entorno de um meliponário, em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica, litoral norte da Bahia, Brasil. As plantas floridas foram marcadas, fotografadas, coletadas, herborizadas, identificadas e depositadas no HUNEB. Foram identificadas 80 espécies vegetais, pertencentes a 69 gêneros e 31 famílias, sendo Asteraceae/Fabaceae (11) e Rubiaceae (oito) as mais representativas em número de espécies. Dessas plantas, (37,5%) tiveram suas flores visitadas por meliponíneos, e ainda as espécies Borreria verticillata (L.) G.Mey. , Conocliniopsis prasiifolia (DC.) R.M. King & H.Rob. , Commelina erecta L. , Mimosa pudica L. , Richardia grandiflora (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. e Turnera subulata Sm. apresentaram flores durante todo o período estudado. A vegetação herbácea (53,33%) foi a mais representativa, e o néctar representou 56,67% do recurso disponível a essas abelhas, contribuindo para o conhecimento do pasto apícola para guilda dessas abelhas na área de estudo.
A complementary cross‐coupled quadrature VCO using ring‐inductor coupling method

A high‐performance quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO) with ring inductor is studied. The QVCO uses a closed‐loop ring inductor and is composed of two complementary negative transconductance cells to replenish the energy loss due to the resistive LC resonator and is implemented in a standard TSMC 90 nm 1P9M CMOS technology. This QVCO operates between 7.05 and 8.15 GHz. The measured phase noise of the VCO operating at 8.15 GHz is −119.98 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset while the QVCO draws 4.2 mA and 3.57 mW consumption from a supply voltage of 0.85 V. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:839–842, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26714
Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of the MADS-Box Gene Family in Theobroma cacao

The MADS-box family gene is a class of transcription factors that have been extensively studied and involved in several plant growth and development processes, especially in floral organ specificity, flowering time and initiation and fruit development. In this study, we identified 69 candidate MADS-box genes and clustered these genes into five subgroups (Mα: 11; Mβ: 2; Mγ: 14; Mδ: 9; MIKC: 32) based on their phylogenetical relationships with Arabidopsis. Most TcMADS genes within the same subgroup showed a similar gene structure and highly conserved motifs. Chromosomal distribution analysis revealed that all the TcMADS genes were evenly distributed in 10 chromosomes. Additionally, the cis-acting elements of promoter, physicochemical properties and subcellular localization were also analyzed. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of MADS-box genes in Theobroma cacao and lays the foundation for further functional research.
A small-signal RF model and its parameter extraction for substrate effects in RF MOSFETs

We propose a physically acceptable small-signal model incorporating substrate effects, in order to eliminate the severe frequency-dependence of the intrinsic drain-source resistance observed from a conventional model of RF Si MOSFETs. This model is based on the substrate network where a parallel RC circuit is connected in series with the drain junction capacitance. It is demonstrated that the substrate effects result in the frequency-dispersion of the effective drain-source resistance and capacitance below 10 GHz. An accurate extraction technique using a simple curve-fit approach is developed to determine substrate parameters directly, and their bulk voltage-dependencies are presented in detail. The validity of this model is partially proved by finding intrinsic parameters exhibiting frequency-independence up to 10 GHz. Better agreement with measured S-parameters is achieved by using the new substrate model rather than the conventional one, verifying the accuracy of the physical model and extraction technique.
Change in Illiquidity of Family Firms with Institutional Pressure: Evidence from India

This paper investigates the impact of the family business on illiquidity in an emerging market and how it evolves with regulatory changes. The study uses panel data multiple regression on a sample of 25,418 observations on 3,606 firms from India within nine years from 2006 to 2014. The study finds that family firms have significantly higher illiquidity compared to non-family firms. Moreover, family businesses have successfully resisted the institutional pressure to decrease illiquidity and have also defied these coercive pressures to increase the illiquidity of family businesses finally. The study also found heterogeneity in the behaviour of family businesses based on their ownership characteristics.
Thermal management of a laptop computer with synthetic air microjets

This paper discusses experiments conducted to determine the effectiveness of synthetic air microjets in cooling packaged thermal test chips and a laptop computer processor. A small electromagnetic actuator was used to create the jets. When AC voltage was applied to the assembly, or microjet, a pulsating jet of air was forced out through an orifice in one face of the actuator. Design variables included the number and diameter of the orifices. The input signal magnitude and frequency were held constant. Initially, a microjet was used to cool a heated, packaged thermal test chip. The set-up was such that the jet(s) of air impinged directly on the package, and the distance between microjet and heated surface was varied. For the remaining experiments, the microjet was used to cool the processor of a laptop computer. In these tests, the air jet(s) impinged on the plate covering the processor. Various orifice plate designs and methods of baffling and sealing were employed to increase the cooling efficiency. Occasionally, the microjet was used in conjunction with a small 5 V fan to determine the effect of global cooling on the microjet effectiveness. Synthetic air microjets were shown to be effective in cooling both the test chips and the laptop processor. For the former tests, the microjet produced an average 26% reduction in chip temperature rise compared to the temperature rise that existed under natural convection conditions. For the latter tests, the processor temperature rise was decreased by 22% compared to the temperature rise without microjet cooling.
The California PATH Program of IVHS research and its approach to vehicle-highway automation

The California PATH Program was established by the Institute of Transportation Studies of the University of California at Berkeley, under the sponsorship of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). Its mission is to conduct the research and development work needed to establish the foundation for applying advanced technologies to improve the operation of the state's transportation system. Because transportation problems produce significant local political anxiety in California, and are recognized to be serious impediments to the state's economy, the PATH Program is very much mission-oriented in its focus. The PATH focus is on producing viable technological solutions to California's transportation problems rather than on basic research. The article presents a general approach to vehicle-highway automation, then discusses mainly the lateral and longitudinal vehicle control. <<ETX>>
New understanding of LDD CMOS hot-carrier degradation and device lifetime at cryogenic temperatures

This work shows that the worst-case gate voltage stress condition for LDD nMOSFETs is a strong function of the channel length, drain voltage, and operating temperature. A new cross-over behavior of the worst-case gate voltage condition is reported at low temperatures. New understanding of the hot-carrier mechanisms at low temperatures is also discussed. Low temperature effects such as freeze-out are shown to have important contributions to the hot-carrier behavior at low temperatures. A trend is identified for the first time which suggests important consequences for the hot-carrier reliability of deep sub-micron channel length MOSFETs under normal operating temperatures.
New efficient method of modeling electronics packages with layered power/ground planes

The modeling of electrical performances of electronics packages is very important for the design of advanced packaging technology. However, it is also one of the most difficult tasks. This paper introduces a new efficient boundary integral equation technique for the modeling of electromagnetic fields in electronics packages. This approach dramatically reduces the computation requirement and can be conveniently integrated with circuit solvers. Skin-effect loss from the metal planes, dielectric loss from the substrate, together with the nonperfect reflections from the perimeter of planes and their frequency-dependent characteristics can all be taken into account. Correlation performed on test printed circuit boards shows good agreement between the measurement and the numerical results up to several GHz.
The Realization of Design of Agile Commerce Based on Web Service

The definition of agile commerce is introduced, and the earlier emergence of e-commerce technology, such as EDI, web EDI, contents server, application Server, EAI(Enterprise Application Integration) are presented. The advantages of web service are discussed; moreover, based on the web service, the system of agile commerce based on web service is design. Finally, the running interface and core code are shown.
The ergonomics kit for general industry

Introduction WHY? Good Ergonomics is Good Economics How Ergonomics Promotes Efficiency Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Case examples HOW? Setting Up an Ergonomics Program The Workplace Ergonomics Process More Guidance on Specific Topics Creating Change Government Standards and Guidelines PRACTICAL TOOLS Worksheets Training Slides and Script References and Index
A Review of the Exoskeleton and Human Augmentation Technology

This paper is written for the plenary talk of 2008 ASME Dynamic Systems and Control Conference in Ann Arbor Michigan and gives an overview of the exoskeleton technology and human augmentation. Human-Robot integration outlines the future of robotics. The technology associated with exoskeleton systems and human power augmentation can be divided into lower extremity exoskeletons and upper extremity exoskeletons. The reason for this was two-fold; firstly, one could envision a great many applications for either a stand-alone lower or upper extremity exoskeleton in the immediate future. Secondly, and more importantly, the reason for the division is that it is unclear if an integrated upper extremity-lower extremity exoskeleton is a scientifically-valid concept in logistical operations (i.e., lifting and carrying heavy objects). Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Feature Selection Method for Nonintrusive Load Monitoring With Balanced Redundancy and Relevancy

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) has become a key technology in the power Internet of Things as well as an important information source for load characteristics analysis. Whether the selected features are appropriate determines the effectiveness of the load identification in NILM. In order to reduce the redundancy and improve the relevancy of the selected features, a feature selection method that balances redundancy and relevancy is proposed. Based on the approximate Markov blanket decision, this article puts forward the basis of feature set redundancy elimination. This is used to determine the priority of feature selection by taking the number of features preselection as a measure. The mutual information method is combined with the CRITIC weight to implement redundancy elimination for the initial feature set of the load, and the feature correlation ranking algorithm is established based on the Relief-F method. Based on the idea of balancing redundancy and relevancy, a feature selection strategy is established for the initial feature set, in order to obtain the optimal feature subset with minimum redundancy and maximum relevancy. Finally, the K-nearest neighbor identification algorithm after k-value optimization is used to simulate the proposed method. The results show that compared with the other feature selection methods, the proposed method is promising in terms of robustness and generalization and shows an active effect on improving identification accuracy.
Passive artificial molecule realizations of dielectric materials

The design of dielectric materials with artificial molecules formed by electrically small dipole antennas loaded with passive electrical circuit elements is considered. Variations in the antenna loads lead to known and generalizations of known dielectric material models. These artificial dielectrics are characterized in terms of their equivalent susceptibilities and polarization vectors both in the frequency and time domains. With suitable choices in the antenna loads one can design the loss and dispersion properties of the resultant materials.
Five-phase induction motor drives with DSP-based control system

This paper extensively introduces two kinds of control schemes that can be applied to the operation of a five-phase induction motor-vector control and direct torque control, as well as their fully digital implementations. Vector control of the five-phase induction motor generates the fundamental and third harmonic currents. In conjunction with the designed five-phase induction motor geometry, this current profile induces the nearly rectangular flux linkage in the air-gap resulting in higher power density and more output torque. The direct torque control method is advantageous when applied to the five-phase induction motor. The five-phase inverter provides 32 space voltage vectors in comparison to 8 space voltage vectors by the three-phase inverter. Therefore, a more elaborate flux and torque control algorithm for the five-phase induction motor can be employed. Direct torque control of the five-phase induction motor minimizes the ripples of the stator flux and the torque, and achieves a more precise flux and torque control. A 32-bit floating-point TMS320C32 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) enables these two sophisticated control techniques to be conveniently implemented with a high control precision. Experimental results show that an ideal control performance is obtained for both control methods as applied to the five-phase induction motor, and further validate theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Polarization of Type 1 Macrophages Is Associated with the Severity of Viral Encephalitis Caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus and Dengue Virus

Infection with flaviviruses causes mild to severe diseases, including viral hemorrhagic fever, vascular shock syndrome, and viral encephalitis. Several animal models explore the pathogenesis of viral encephalitis, as shown by neuron destruction due to neurotoxicity after viral infection. While neuronal cells are injuries caused by inflammatory cytokine production following microglial/macrophage activation, the blockade of inflammatory cytokines can reduce neurotoxicity to improve the survival rate. This study investigated the involvement of macrophage phenotypes in facilitating CNS inflammation and neurotoxicity during flavivirus infection, including the Japanese encephalitis virus, dengue virus (DENV), and Zika virus. Mice infected with different flaviviruses presented encephalitis-like symptoms, including limbic seizure and paralysis. Histology indicated that brain lesions were identified in the hippocampus and surrounded by mononuclear cells. In those regions, both the infiltrated macrophages and resident microglia were significantly increased. RNA-seq analysis showed the gene profile shifting toward type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, while M1 markers validated this phenomenon. Pharmacologically blocking C-C chemokine receptor 2 and tumor necrosis factor-α partly retarded DENV-induced M1 polarization. In summary, flavivirus infection, such as JEV and DENV, promoted type 1 macrophage polarization in the brain associated with encephalitic severity.
The physics of amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors

The basic physics underlying the operation and key performance issues of amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) are discussed. The static transistor characteristics are determined by the localized electronic states that occur in the bandgap of the amorphous silicon. The deep states, mostly consisting of Si dangling bonds, determine the threshold voltage, and the conduction band-tail states determine the field-effect mobility. The finite capture and emission times of the deep localized states lead to a dynamic transistor characteristic that can be described by a time-dependent threshold voltage. The transistors also show longer time threshold voltage shifts due to two other distinct mechanisms: charge trapping in the silicon nitride gate insulator and metastable dangling bond state creation in the amorphous silicon. These two mechanisms show characteristically different bias, temperature, and time dependencies of the threshold voltage shift. Illumination of a TFT causes the generation of electron-hole pairs in the space-charge region leading to a steady-state equal flux of electrons and holes and a reduction in the band-bending. In most applications, the photosensitivity should be minimized. The uniformity of large arrays of transistors for display applications is excellent, with variations in the threshold voltage of 0.5-1.0 V. >
Distributed Control of Multi-Agent Systems through Model Predictive Control with Stability

This paper deals with the distributed model predictive control problem in multi-agent systems under fixed interaction topologies. we propose a distributed model predictive control schemes with guaranteed closed-loop stability. In this distributed structure, the problem is decomposed into a set of distributed optimal control problems. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective under fixed interaction topologies among subsystems.
Time Allocation of Academics in Ukraine: Degree and Gender Correlates in a Semi-peripheral State

Abstract This article, using the example of Ukraine, aims to explore the time allocation of academics at university in a semi-peripheral state sustaining means–ends decoupling. Data emanate from the responses of 205 academics in business studies. The analysis uses degrees (qualifications) and gender as main categorizations. Findings indicate that means–ends decoupling at the state and university levels hinders academics from allocating their time to activities prescribed by the research university model, specifically, research and service.
Incidence of Anaemia and Blood Transfusion Practice in Neurosurgical and Neurotrauma Intensive Care Units at National Hospital of Sri Lanka

A prospective cross-sectional single centre clinical study was performed to determine the incidence of anaemia and blood transfusion practice in neurosurgical and neurotrauma intensive care units (ICU). All the adult patients who met the criteria and were admitted to the neurosurgical and neurotrauma ICUs of National Hospital of Sri Lanka from 15April to 14 June 2013 were included in the study. Out of the 100 patients in the study, 82% were anaemic on admission and 95% had anaemia at some point during ICU stay. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) level was less than10g/dl in 30% of patients. 47% of patients received blood transfusion in the ICU. Only 23.6% of the transfusion events met the standards for the transfusion trigger.
THE ELECTROMECHANICAL IMPEDANCE METHOD FOR STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF THIN CIRCULAR PLATES

This paper describes the electro-mechanical (E/M) impedance method applied to structural health monitoring (SHM) of thin circular plates. The method allows us to identify the local dynamics of the structure directly through the E/M impedance signatures of piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) permanently mounted to the structure. An analytical model for 2-D thin-wall structures, which predicts the E/M impedance response at PWAS terminals, was developed and validated. The model accounts for axial and flexural vibrations of the structure and considers both the structural dynamics and the sensor dynamics. Calibration experiments performed on circular thin plates with centrally attached PWAS show that the presence of a damage modifies the high-frequency E/M impedance spectrum causing frequency shifts, peak splitting, and appearance of new harmonics. Comparisons between the analytical method, the finite element method, and experiments were performed, with a fabricated structural arc-shape defect.
An exam of the spatial patterns of innovation in Brazilian industry: an empirical analysis

The aim of this paper is to exam the spatial patterns of innovative performance in Brazilian industry, taking into account its regional interdependencies, and the impact of the main innovative inputs. There is a huge literature concerning regional innovation and the importance of local inputs in innovative performance. However, most of the studies use data from developed countries. This paper verifies if the role played by innovative inputs in developed countries remain important in developing ones, in which patents are proportionally rare. In this sense, itâ€™s applied an empirical model based in the Jaffeâ€™s (1989) knowledge production function to Brazilian regions. The model uses patents as a proxy for the innovative output and includes regional variables of local industrialand academic RD the Krugman specialization-diversification index of industrial employment is adopted in the model. The importance of been close to the most innovative regions is assessed with the commonly used spatial lagged variables and the estimation results corroborates the relevance of technological spillovers spatial mediated. Finally, some efforts are made to exam other kinds of proximity as proposed by Boschma (2005) and a network weight matrix based on university-industry collaborative links, such as Ponds et al (2010), is added to the model to test the importance of non spatial proximity. The overall conclusion suggests that in Brazilian case, main innovative inputs seemed in developed countries remain important, but presents also some specificity such as a strong concentration of innovative activities in the Southeast related with the industrial agglomeration and different relative magnitude importance in some local determinants of innovation.