Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evening chronotype, insufficient weekday sleep, and weekday-weekend gap in sleep times: What is really to blame for a reduction in self-perceived health among university students?

ABSTRACT The association of insufficient sleep with reduced self-perceived health was previously well established. Moreover, it was sometimes shown that the indicators of poorer health were significantly related to chronotype and weekday-weekend gaps in sleep timing and duration. It remains to be elucidated, however, whether chronotype and these gaps can contribute to the reduced health self-ratings independently from shortened sleep duration or, alternatively, their relationship with health can be simply explained by their association with insufficient sleep on weekdays. In an online survey, we tested whether the self-rated health of university students can be predicted by several individual characteristics of the sleep-wake cycles, such as chronotype, weekday and weekend sleep times, weekday-weekend gap in sleep times, sleepability and wakeability at different times of the day, etc. Responses to a question about general health and to items of several questionnaires for chronobiological assessment were collected from smartphones of 1582 university students (mean age ± standard deviation was 19.5 ± 1.7 y). The results of regression analyses suggested that lower odds of having good self-rated health were significantly associated with an earlier weekday risetime, a later weekday bedtime, and, consequently, a shorter weekday time in bed. After accounting for weekday sleep, self-rated health showed significant association with neither chronotype nor weekday-weekend differences in sleep duration and timing. Besides, the adverse health effects of reduced weekday sleep were independent from the significant adverse effects of several other individual sleep-wake characteristics including poorer nighttime sleepability and lower daytime wakeability. We concluded that university students perceive the negative health impacts of losing sleep by waking up early on weekdays irrespective of their night sleep quality and daytime level of alertness. Their chronotype and weekday-weekend difference in sleep times might not be among significant contributors to this perception. It is of practical importance to consider the reduction of weekday sleep losses among the interventions aimed at preventing sleep and health problems.
Single ethanol binge causes severe liver injury in mice fed Western diet

Background and Aims: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and NAFLD often coexist in Western societies that consume energy-rich and cholesterol-containing Western diets. Increased rates of ALD mortality in young people in these societies are likely attributable to binge drinking. It is largely unknown how alcohol binge causes liver damage in the setting of Western diets. Approach and Results: In this study, we showed that a single ethanol binge (5 g/kg body weight) induced severe liver injury as shown by marked increases in serum activities of the 2 aminotransferases AST and ALT in C57BL/6J mice that have been fed a Western diet for 3 weeks. The Western diet plus binge ethanol-fed mice also displayed severe lipid droplet deposition and high contents of triglycerides and cholesterol in the liver, which were associated with increased lipogenic and reduced fatty acid oxidative gene expression. These animals had the highest Cxcl1 mRNA expression and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive neutrophils in the liver. Their hepatic ROS and lipid peroxidation were the highest, but their hepatic levels of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins remained largely unaltered. Hepatic levels of several ER stress markers, including mRNAs for CHOP, ERO1A, ERO1B, BIM, and BIP, as well as Xbp1 splicing and proteins for BIP/GRP78 and IRE-α were also the highest in these animals. Interestingly, Western diet feeding for 3 weeks or ethanol binge dramatically increased hepatic caspase 3 cleavage, and the combination of the 2 did not further increase it. Thus, we successfully established a murine model of acute liver injury by mimicking human diets and binge drinking. Conclusions: This simple Western diet plus single ethanol binge model recapitulates major hepatic phenotypes of ALD, including steatosis and steatohepatitis characterized by neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress, and ER stress.
A novel meningioma with tyrosine‐rich crystals in a 6‐year‐old Great Dane

Abstract A 6‐year‐old female spayed Great Dane was evaluated for acute onset cluster seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a mass in the olfactory bulbs with a large mucoid component caudal to the primary mass. The mass was removed via transfrontal craniotomy and histopathology revealed a tyrosine crystalline‐rich, fibrous meningioma with a high mitotic index. Repeat MRI at 6 months showed no detectable tumor regrowth. The dog is clinically normal with no seizures at the time of publication 10 months after surgery. This meningioma subtype is rare in humans. This unique meningioma occurred in a dog of younger age and uncommon breed for intracranial meningioma. Biological progression of this tumor subtype is unknown; however, growth rate might be slow despite the high mitotic index.
Allosteric regulatory control in dihydrofolate reductase is revealed by dynamic asymmetry

We investigated the relationship between mutations and dynamics in Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) using computational methods. Our study focused on the M20 and FG loops, which are known to be functionally important and affected by mutations distal to the loops. We used molecular dynamics simulations and developed position‐specific metrics, including the dynamic flexibility index (DFI) and dynamic coupling index (DCI), to analyze the dynamics of wild‐type DHFR and compared our results with existing deep mutational scanning data. Our analysis showed a statistically significant association between DFI and mutational tolerance of the DHFR positions, indicating that DFI can predict functionally beneficial or detrimental substitutions. We also applied an asymmetric version of our DCI metric (DCIasym) to DHFR and found that certain distal residues control the dynamics of the M20 and FG loops, whereas others are controlled by them. Residues that are suggested to control the M20 and FG loops by our DCIasym metric are evolutionarily nonconserved; mutations at these sites can enhance enzyme activity. On the other hand, residues controlled by the loops are mostly deleterious to function when mutated and are also evolutionary conserved. Our results suggest that dynamics‐based metrics can identify residues that explain the relationship between mutation and protein function or can be targeted to rationally engineer enzymes with enhanced activity.
A case of reactive granulomatous dermatitis associated with neonatal lupus erythematosus

Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is an uncommon disorder affecting approximately one out of 20 000 live births in the United States. Common manifestations of NLE include cutaneous eruptions and cardiac involvement. The typical rash of NLE most closely resembles the rash of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus both clinically and histopathologically. We present a case of reactive granulomatous dermatitis (RGD) associated with NLE in a 3‐month‐old male in whom the initial histopathology and immunohistochemistry were concerning for hematologic malignancy. RGD is a unifying term used to describe cutaneous granulomatous eruptions that occur in response to a variety of stimuli, including autoimmune connective tissue diseases. Our case demonstrates the range of histopathological findings that may be present in the setting of NLE.
Adherence to Psychotropic Medication Before and During COVID-19

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated public health measures have shifted the way people access health care. We aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychotropic medication adherence. Methods A retrospective cohort study using administrative data from the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy Manitoba Population Research Data Repository was conducted. Outpatients who received at least 1 prescription for an antidepressant, antipsychotic, anxiolytic/sedative-hypnotic, cannabinoid, lithium, or stimulants from 2015 to 2020 in Manitoba, Canada, were included. Adherence was measured using the proportion of individuals with a mean possession ratio of ≥0.8 over each quarter. Each quarter of 2020 after COVID-19–related health measures were implemented was compared with the expected trend using autoregression models for time series data plus indicator variables. Odds ratio of drug discontinuation among those previously adherent in 2020 was compared with each respective quarter of 2019. Results There were 1,394,885 individuals in the study population in the first quarter of 2020 (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [23.4] years; 50.3% female), with 36.1% having a psychiatric diagnosis in the preceding 5 years. Compared with the expected trend, increases in the proportions of individuals adherent to antidepressants and stimulants were observed in the fourth quarter (October–December) of 2020 (both P < 0.001). Increases in the proportions of individuals with anxiolytic and cannabinoid adherence were observed in the third quarter (July–September) of 2020 (both P < 0.05), whereas a decrease was seen with stimulants in the same quarter (P < 0.0001). No significant changes were observed for antipsychotics. All drug classes except lithium had decreases in drug discontinuation in previously adherent patients during the pandemic compared with 2019. Conclusions Improved adherence to most psychotropic medications in the 9 months after public health restrictions were enacted was observed. Patients who were already adherent to their psychotropic medications were less likely to discontinue them during the pandemic.
Fusobacterium infection facilitates the development of endometriosis through the phenotypic transition of endometrial fibroblasts

Retrograde menstruation is a widely accepted cause of endometriosis. However, not all women who experience retrograde menstruation develop endometriosis, and the mechanisms underlying these observations are not yet understood. Here, we demonstrated a pathogenic role of Fusobacterium in the formation of ovarian endometriosis. In a cohort of women, 64% of patients with endometriosis but <10% of controls were found to have Fusobacterium infiltration in the endometrium. Immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses revealed that activated transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling resulting from Fusobacterium infection of endometrial cells led to the transition from quiescent fibroblasts to transgelin (TAGLN)–positive myofibroblasts, which gained the ability to proliferate, adhere, and migrate in vitro. Fusobacterium inoculation in a syngeneic mouse model of endometriosis resulted in a marked increase in TAGLN-positive myofibroblasts and increased number and weight of endometriotic lesions. Furthermore, antibiotic treatment largely prevented establishment of endometriosis and reduced the number and weight of established endometriotic lesions in the mouse model. Our data support a mechanism for the pathogenesis of endometriosis via Fusobacterium infection and suggest that eradication of this bacterium could be an approach to treat endometriosis. Description Fusobacterium infection induces transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, contributing to the development of endometriosis. Editor’s summary Although endometriosis is a common disease affecting up to 15% of women of reproductive age, the mechanisms underlying the disease are not fully understood. Here, Muraoka and colleagues identified a potential infectious contributor to endometriosis. Fusobacterium was found in the endometrium and endometrial lesions of more than half of patients with endometriosis, but only 7% of controls. In a mouse model of endometriosis, inoculation of Fusobacterium increased the numbers and weights of endometriotic lesions, whereas antibiotic treatment with metronidazole and chloramphenicol could reduce the lesions. These findings suggest that Fusobacterium infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis and that antibiotic treatment to eradicate endometrial infection should be further studied. --Melissa Norton
Preserving the Role of the Audiologist in a Clinical Technology, Consumer Channel, Clinical Service Model of Hearing Healthcare

Abstract The past decade has been characterized by significant changes in the distribution and sale of hearing aids. Alternatives to the clinical technology, clinical channel, clinical service (i.e., traditional) hearing healthcare delivery model have been driven by growth in hearing aid dispensaries housed in large retail establishments and direct-to-consumer hearing aid sales by internet-based companies unaffiliated with major hearing aid manufacturers (e.g., Eargo). These developments have been accompanied by acceleration in the growth of teleaudiology services as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting development of nontraditional hearing aid distribution and sales models can be categorized into distinct archetypes as reviewed earlier in this publication. This article will review the Clinical Technology–Consumer Channel–Clinical Service model as exemplified by Jabra Enhance. We will describe a completely digital model of hearing aid distribution and sales that maintains the professional service component throughout the client journey to include an online tone test, the use of a risk mitigation questionnaire, virtual consultations, remote hearing aid adjustments, and the establishment and monitoring of client-centered treatment goals. Furthermore, this article will review the Jabra Enhance model within the context of consumer healthcare decision-making theory with a focus on the Consumer Decision-Making Model.
Nest Success of Alligator Snapping Turtles (Macrochelys temminckii) in Louisiana, with Comments on Sources of Mortality

Abstract - We report nest success for 16 Alligator Snapping Turtle nests oviposited at Black Bayou Lake National Wildlife Refuge in 2008 and 2009. We split each clutch into 2 portions for field and laboratory incubation. The field portion was protected from mammalian depredation. For each nest, we report both pipping and hatching success. Our total observed levels of pipping and hatching success were 55.9% and 47.7%, respectively. We obtained a hatching success rate of 85.8% in the lab. Reasons for the difference in hatching success between the field and lab included both abiotic and biotic factors in the nest environment, such as flooding, temperature, and invertebrate predators.
Condition and Coloration of Lingual Lures of Alligator Snapping Turtles

Abstract The lingual lures of Macrochelys (alligator snapping turtles) are believed to be the only prey-capturing lures within the mouths of modern reptiles. To date, no formal assessment of lure condition in Macrochelys has been published, and few researchers record lure data. Herein, we report damaged or missing lures from 25 Macrochelys temminckii (Alligator Snapping Turtle; 7 adults, 18 juveniles) from a sample of more than 2000 lure assessments in 4 states, indicating this is a rare occurrence. We also describe lingual lure color observed in these assessments and introduce standardized terminology and color categories. We suggest researchers record data on the condition and coloration of the lingual lure to further our understanding of this ecological and evolutionary adaptation.
Coherent Nonlinear Optical Properties in Quantum Dots

This paper discusses optical nonlinear functions in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) and their underlying physics and possible applications. The optical functions involve controlling light with no energy dissipation. The applications include conventional devices as well as future devices based on quantum phenomena, so they will be very useful in various technological areas. Theoretical results explain the physical principle of the nonlinear functions and the concept of the coherent slowdown of light. Experiments with actual QDs show that their optical responses agree well with the theoretical results. Light absorption was successfully controlled in a QD. These results clearly reveal that QDs provide intriguing optical functions and possible innovative applications.
Prandtl number effects on passive scalars in turbulent pipe flow

Abstract We study the statistics of passive scalars (either temperature or concentration of a diffusing substance) at friction Reynolds number ${Re}_{\tau }=1140$, for turbulent flow within a smooth straight pipe of circular cross-section, in the range of Prandtl numbers from ${Pr}=0.00625$, to ${Pr}=16$, using direct numerical simulations (DNS) of the Navier–Stokes equations. Whereas the organization of passive scalars is similar to the axial velocity field at ${Pr} = O(1)$, similarity is impaired at low Prandtl number, at which the buffer-layer dynamics is filtered out, and at high Prandtl number, at which the passive scalar fluctuations become confined to the near-wall layer. The mean scalar profiles at ${Pr} \gtrsim 0.0125$ are found to exhibit logarithmic overlap layers, and universal parabolic distributions in the core part of the flow. Near-universality of the eddy diffusivity is exploited to derive accurate predictive formulas for the mean scalar profiles, and for the corresponding logarithmic offset function. Asymptotic scaling formulas are derived for the thickness of the conductive (diffusive) layer, for the peak scalar variance, and its production rate. The DNS data are leveraged to synthesize a modified form of the classical predictive formula of Kader & Yaglom (Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer, vol. 15, 1972, pp. 2329–2351), which is capable of accounting accurately for the dependence on both Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, for ${Pr} \gtrsim 0.25$.
Book Review: Facility Siting: Risk, Power and Identity in Land Use Planning

Intimately related to this internal question regarding the interpretation of the right is the external question regarding the changes in interpretation of existing rights given the ‘addition’ of a new right (Are there priority rules? What role does the understanding of ecosystems play here? ). Clarification of these two issues will be required for the conceptual clarification of, and generation of political will for, the proposed universal right. It would clarify what is at stake in making a universal right possible, and the obstacles this would face. On a final note, though these questions suggest that the case for a truly universal right may require some further thought, I would highly recommend this book, which brings the question into a sharp moral and legal focus, and allows the reader to make up her own mind.
Rethinking Green Politics

in order to contribute to the maintenance of global ecosystem services. Despite whatever it is that scientists, economists, and public policy makers might have to say about this type of conflict, there is a much needed role for philosophers to help with the understanding of what we ought to do, morally speaking. I cannot say whether a greater participation by philosophers in the authors’ work would have changed the emphasis of the book; but I do think it would have made it more relevant to readers of Environmental Values.
Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing: An Interactive Resource from the Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing at the University of Minnesota

Taking Charge of Your Health & Wellbeing (The University of Minnesota, 2016) is an online interactive community resource with a focus on health and wellbeing. This resource was created by The University of Minnesota's Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing (https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/). The website provides a comprehensive tool for one to assess their own health, discover more about different health conditions, consider a variety of holistic practices, and set healthrelated goals through developing holistic approaches and skills. This media review will present an overview of the tools and resources provided by the site, explore the value of the resource, suggest implications for use, describe the strengths, evaluate the understandability and actionability using PEMAT-A/V, and recommend areas of improvement.
Cognitive Dynamics Estimation: A whole-brain spatial regression paradigm for extracting the temporal dynamics of cognitive processes

Functional MRI (fMRI) has been instrumental in understanding how cognitive processes are spatially mapped in the brain, yielding insights about brain regions and functions. However, in case the orthogonality of behavioral or stimulus timing is not guaranteed, the estimated brain maps fail to dissociate each cognitive process, and the resultant maps become unstable. Also, the brain mapping exercise can not provide temporal information on the cognitive process. Here we propose a qualitatively different approach to fMRI analysis, named Cognitive Dynamics Estimation (CDE), that estimates how multiple cognitive processes change over time even when behavior or stimulus logs are unavailable. This method transposes the conventional brain mapping; the brain activity pattern at each time point is subject to regression analysis with data-driven maps of cognitive processes as regressors, resulting in the time series of cognitive processes. The estimated time series captured the fluctuation of intensity and timing of cognitive processes on a trial-by-trial basis, which conventional analysis could not capture. Notably, the estimated time series predicted participants’ cognitive ability to perform each psychological task. As an addition to our fMRI analytic toolkit, these results suggest the potential for CDE to elucidate underexplored cognitive phenomena, especially in the temporal domain. Highlights We propose a novel fMRI analysis that are equivalently effective to the brain mapping approach The temporal dynamics of multiple cognitive processes were captured on a trial-by-trial basis. This analysis can be applied data-driven even when the researchers do not have any hypothesis about what kind of cognitive processes are recruited in the task. This analysis can be applied even when the cognitive processes are strongly correlated in the temporal domain. The estimated temporal dynamics well predicted individuals’ cognitive ability required for each task.