Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Multipath TCP Linux Implementations

Nowadays, wireless devices are often equipped with multiple interfaces such as fixed network, wireless LAN, UMTS, WiMAX, Bluetooth and so on. These enhancements allow for deploying multipath transport to increase throughput, improve resilience and balance congestion in the network [1]. Theoretically, it is possible to transport data simultaneously over more than one interface in order to increase the transfer speed. In practice, however, legacy transport protocols such as TCP only support a single end-to-end connection over one interface. In order to do so, a data flow has to be split into multiple subflows which are then transferred over the different interfaces. Each subflow contains a subset of the packets which form the data stream. At the receiving station, these subflows have again to be reassembled before being handed over to the application.
Mobile Augmented Reality and Location Based Service

Mobile Augmented Reality(MAR) is characterized as a technology providing the same feature as Augmented Reality(AR), but without the physical restrictions of a research facility or a testing area location. A Location-Based Service (LBS) is a mobile computing application that provides services to users based on their geographical location. In the course of the rise of mobile devices with more and more functionalities (especially Apple's iPhone and Android-based devices), location-based services constantly grow in popularity. More and more information is enriched with geodata and thus can not only be presented in a virtual space, but in real, mobile contexts and in a context-sensitive way adapted to the user's preferences. This paper states analyzes the concepts and advantages of mobile augmented reality and location based service and the combination of mobile augmented reality along with location based services. The challenges along with pros and cons are discussed. Keywords-GIS, GPS, human computer interaction,location based service, Mobile augmented reality
Phase diagrams of epitaxial Pb ( Zr , Ti ) O 3 ultrathin films from first principles

An ab-initio-based approach, that includes strain, ferroelectricity, and tilting of the oxygen octahedra as degrees of freedom, is developed to investigate temperature-versus-misfit-strain and temperature-versus-composition phase diagrams of $\text{Pb}(\text{Zr},\text{Ti}){\text{O}}_{3}$ ultrathin films near their morphotropic phase boundaries. Many features\char22{}originating from the interplay between composition, strain, polarization and oxygen octahedra tilting\char22{}are observed. Examples of such features are (i) an unusual behavior of the Curie temperature as a function of the compressive strain; (ii) a very rich variety of low symmetry phases; and (iii) several multiphase points that are each associated with four phases.
A numerical investigation of the coherent vortices in turbulence behind a backward-facing step

This paper presents a statistical and topological study of a complex turbulent flow over a backward-facing step by means of direct and large-eddy simulations. Direct simulations are first performed for an isothermal two-dimensional case. In this case, shedding of coherent vortices in the mixing layer is demonstrated. Both direct and large-eddy simulations are then carried out in three dimensions. The subgrid-scale model used is the structure-function model proposed by Métais & Lesieur (1992). Lowstep computations corresponding to the geometry of Eaton & Johnston's (1980) laboratory experiment give turbulence statistics in better agreement with the experimental data than both Smagorinsky's method and K-ε modelling. Furthermore, calculations for a high step show that the eddy structure of the flow presents striking analogies with forced plane mixing layers: large billows are shed behind the step with intense longitudinal vortices strained between them.
SONG – Stellar Observations Network Group

Abstract Several areas of stellar observations depend critically on nearly continuous observations of individual objects over very extended periods. Important examples are investigations of stellar oscillations to carry out asteroseismology, and the search for extra-solar planets. To meet this requirement we are establishing the SONG network, consisting of 8 sites with a 1-meter-class telescope with a suitable geographical distribution. These will be optimized for asteroseismology based on Doppler-velocity observations and the characterization of extra-solar planets with photometry, using gravitational microlensing. Funding has been obtained towards the construction of the prototype SONG telescope which will be set up on Tenerife, with first light expected in 2011. The full network will be established in parallel with the tests of the prototype and is planned to be operational in 2014.
Cryptographic mixing transformations for image applications

Several image encryption methods have been recently considered. This paper presents a new image enciphering method starting from the mixing transformations suggested by C.E. Shannon for natural language. There are two ways in which images are involved here: first, as a means of visual perception of the mixing transformation features (the very sophisticated diffusion and confusion); secondly, as the application field itself. Both the theoretical and experimental aspects pointed out here show the high quality of this method of image enciphering. The method illustrates were made either for simulated images with different probability laws and autocorrelation functions, or for natural images.
Radio and X-Ray Flaring Events in X-Ray Nova Ophiuchi 1993

The X-ray “Nova” Ophiuchi 1993, GRS 1716-249 (=GRO J1719-24), discovered in 1993 September, was redetected as an X-ray source by the Mir/Kvant team on 1995 February 16, and later by BATSE. Radio observations by the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope and the Very Large Array show a rapidly decaying radio flare followed by recurrent radio flaring activity. Although the X-ray flares, as seen at 20-200 keV by BATSE, are unusual in having sawtooth-like, slow-rise, fast-decay time profiles, the relation between X-ray and radio events is similar to that in the superluminal radio jet X-ray transient GRO J1655-40. This strengthens the apparent empirical link between changes in accretion disk X-ray emission and radio activity in galactic black hole binaries.
Kinematics of interface evolution with application to active contour models

In physics, a large class of problems, such as crystal growth or flame fronts propagation, are concerned with the motion of a deformable boundary separating time-dependent domains in which the interface itself satisfies an equation of motion. Recently, similar questions have been introduced in image processing through the concept of physically based active contour models or snakes. In snake modeling, a deformable boundary endowed with elastic properties interacts with a constant external field derived from image properties. In the most general case, the interfacial motion is governed by a set of partial differential equations that nonlinearily couple interface intrinsics and external fields. In this paper, we present a general study of the kinematics of deformable regular (d-1)-dimensional interfaces evolving according to a first- order dynamic in a d-dimensional (d >= 2) space, in terms of their intrinsic geometric properties. We formulate local equations of motion and derive evolution theorems. These results are then applied to the kinematical study of a specific 2-dimensional active contour model when its optimization is performed via a first-order deformation process. This provides a significant insight in the instantaneous behavior of snake-like models as well as the nature of their steady-states.
Suppression of Auger-stimulated efficiency droop in nitride-based light emitting diodes

We calculate the rate of nonradiative Auger recombination in InGaN/GaN quantum wells with rectangular and smooth confining potentials. The calculations show that the rate of Auger recombination in rectangular quantum wells is sufficiently high to explain the efficiency droop in nitride-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). This rate, however, can be reduced by softening of the confining potential and a three-fold suppression is demonstrated in the studied quantum wells. The suppression of the Auger recombination rate improves LED radiative efficiency and reduces the droop effect, as we show using the standard recombination (ABC) model.
A Statistic for Allocating C p to Individual Cases

A subdivision of the C p , statistic into individual components for each case is developed, and the properties of this statistic are outlined. This subdivision depends on both the change in fitted value or residual from the full model to the subset model and the change in leverage, but it does not depend directly on the values of the residuals. It is useful both as an aid in understanding C p and as a diagnostic procedure.
Emergence of Abstaining in Glauber Opinion Dynamics

We study the evolution of Glauber opinion dynamics with abstaining and tunable threshold on random graphs. The phase diagram shows plentiful features in the space of the two parameters of the model, the threshold and the abstaining probability. It is found that the threshold that limits the agents to be stable plays an important role in the emerging of abstaining in a wide spread. And it can be obtained that the observables stay the same in frozen state whatever the initial density of 0 is. We also use the mean field calculations to verify the fact of linearity between the density of 0 and the abstaining probability.
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 105: 1011-1015, 1993 September Planetary Nebulae and Halo Dynamics in Early-Type Galaxies

Planetary nebulae are important test particles for studying the halo dynamics and mass distributions in early-type galaxies. We review briefly the kinematical properties of the planetary-nebula system in the galaxy NGC 5128, the best studied case to date. By applying the spherical Jeans equation to the observed PN major axis rotation and velocity dispersion, we find that the mass-to-light ratio increases with radius, suggesting the presence of dark matter in the halo. The gas dynamics of the dust lane in the galaxy are consistent with this conclusion.
Multiple Bifurcation Problems of Codimension Two

The term bifurcation in this paper refers to changes in the qualitative structure of any solutions to a system of ordinary differential equations with a varying parameter. This paper is about multiple bifurcations for which there is a multiple degeneracy in some feature of the system and a multi-dimensional parameter in its definition. The most immediate motivation for studying these problems is that they occur in the mathematical descriptions of many natural phenomena, but their importance extends beyond the fact that they can be identified in applications. Multiple bifurcations provide both a means of organizing knowledge about simple bifurcations and a powerful analytical tool for locating complicated dynamical behavior in some models. An intuitive reason for these features is that near some multiple bifurcations, the effect of nonlinear interactions is analytically accessible.
Aerial imaging qualification and metrology for source mask optimization

As the semiconductor industry moves to 3X technology nodes and below, holistic lithography source mask optimization (SMO) methodology targets an increase in the overall litho performance with improved process windows. The typical complexity of both mask and illumination source exceeds what the lithographic industry has been accustomed to, and presents a novel challenge to mask qualification and metrology. In this paper we demonstrate the latest in aerial imaging technologies of Applied Material's Aera2TM mask inspection tool. The aerial imaging capability opens the door to a wide variety of metrological measurements analysis at aerial level and provides enabling solutions for mask and scanner qualifications. In particular, we demonstrate core and periphery DRAM pattern process window assessment and MEEF measurements, performed on an advanced test mask.
Approaching TW-peak powers at >10kHz repetition rate by multi-dimensional coherent combining of femtosecond fiber lasers

Novel laser applications such as laser-wake-field acceleration of particles require extreme parameters from ultra-short-pulse systems. We propose a concept capable to realize simultaneously multi-TW peak powers and multi-kW average powers by employing spatially and temporally separated amplification of chirped laser pulses delivered by fiber-amplifiers. As a combining element for the temporally 100 ns separated pulses (10 MHz repetition rate) we suggest a non-steady-state enhancement cavity using a fast switching-element to dump out the enhanced pulses at 15 kHz.
Analysis of package heat transfer characteristics and evaluation of operational status of IC silicon chip surface mount considering regulator position

The primary problem facing integrated circuits' continuous development is the temperature-dependent characteristics of electronic chips and other group components. As a necessary part of integrated circuits, regulators play an important role in achieving power regulation and improving the operational performance of microprocessors and systems-on-chip. However, the thermal impact on the regulator has not been well studied, so this paper investigates the effect of regulator position on its chip cooling heat transfer performance. Firstly, this paper designs a typical integrated circuit structure based on Comsol and explores the impact of three regulator positions and different heat source conditions on the chip temperature. Based on the data results obtained from the simulation, this paper uses the XGBoost algorithm to evaluate the state of the output function. The experimental results show that the regulator should be designed as far as possible from the grounded copper plate and the chip location, and an incorrect design will make the chip heat up the circuit's more significant impact on the heat.
Dual-Polarized COVID-19 Microstrip Antenna Array for 5G Applications

This paper presents a novel unique single-layer dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna array with a COVID-19 shape designed for building a Base Station (BS) for sub-6 GHz applications at the resonant frequency 3.16 GHz. Furthermore, it is easy to fabricate and compact, which makes it suitable for 5G applications. Firstly, a single-element fractal shape antenna with a gain of 3 dB is discussed. Secondly, an 8-element 2x4 antenna array is designed with a gain of 8 dB. The antenna is fabricated using an FR4-epoxy double-sided copper board with a thickness of 1.6 mm. It is optimized by performing parametric studies of the dimensions using the finite element method (FEM) software program HFSS. The printed prototype measurements including S-parameters, polarization, and radiation pattern show a good agreement with simulation results.
A Stacked Ensemble Classifier for an Intrusion Detection System in the Edge of IoT and IIoT Networks

Over the last three decades, cyberattacks have become a threat to national security. These attacks can compromise Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks and affect society. In this paper, we explore Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques with Machine and Deep Learning models to improve the performance of an anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS). We use the ensemble classifier method to find the best combination between multiple models of prediction algorithms and to stack the output of these individual models to obtain the final prediction of a new and unique model with better precision. Although, there are many ensemble approaches, finding a suitable ensemble configuration for a given dataset is still challenging. We designed an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with the Adam optimizer to update all model weights based on training data and achieve the best performance. The result shows that it is possible to use a stacked ensemble classifier to achieve good evaluation metrics. For instance, the average accuracy achieved by one of the proposed models was 99.7%. This result was better than the results obtained by any other individual classifier. All the developed code is publicly available to ensure reproducibility.
ON IRREGULARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION II

We study the L w -norm (2 < W < oo) of the discrepancy of a sequence of points in the unit cube relative to similar copies of a given convex polygon. In particular, we prove the rather surprising result that the estimates obtained have the same order of magnitude as the analogous question when the sequence of points is replaced by a set of points.
Today : The New Complexity , Coordination , and Policy

doc. 5.11. 02.doc. Zuletzt gedruckt 2/16/2006 7:53:00 PM Real-World Economics Today: The New Complexity, Coordination, and Policy Wolfram Elsner Abstract More realistic economics has to start out from the most basic socio-economic phenomena and processes, i.e., dilemma-prone interdependencies and strong uncertainty among agents that have become ubiquitous phenomena in the world today. In the reality of the “new” economy these are represented by functional and spatial fragmentation of value-added chains, global de-regulation and disembedding of the most powerful economic agents on the one hand, and increasing complexity and high integration of goods and services and net-based tele-IC-technologies on the other. All of these rather new phenomena entail ubiquitous actual or potential coordination failure, either in the form of conventional “market failure”, with a complete mutual blockage of action, or of "wrong" coordination, or technological "lock-in". Both forms are indicative of an insufficient capacity of the coordinated action required. In contrast, capability of sustainable innovative action in a broad sense requires new forms of coordination beyond “market” and “hierarchy”. Economics thus has to be defined more than ever as a science of effective coordination and the generation of innovative and sustainable collective action capacity. The global corporate economy has developed individualist arrangements to cope with that new coordination problem, such as local clusters and hub&spoke networks, which all have severe shortcomings. Against this background, the paper develops a setting with ubiquitous direct interdependencies, net-externalities, "strategic" strong uncertainty, and ubiquitous (latent) socialdilemma problems. It discusses the possibility of an ideal decentralized and spontaneous coordination through emergent institutionalized collective action, specifically of “well-governed” network cooperation. In conclusion, it is argued that only a hybrid system of networks together with a new public policy role, supporting collective learning and emergent institutional coordination, i.e., an “interactive” and “institutional” policy approach, is capable of solving the coordination problems of the "new" economy.
Composite Cement Materials Based on β-Tricalcium Phosphate, Calcium Sulfate, and a Mixture of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Intended for Osteanagenesis

The primary purpose of the study, presented in this article, was to obtain a composite cement material intended for osteanagenesis. The β-tricalcium phosphate powder (β-TCP, β-Ca3(PO4)2) was obtained by the liquid-phase method. Setting and hardening of the cement system were achieved by adding calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH, CaSO4·1/2H2O). An aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and a PVA/PVP mixture were used as a polymer component. The methods of capillary viscometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between polymer components, which determines the good miscibility of polymers. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and FTIR methods, and the added amount of polymers does not significantly influence the processes of phase formation and crystallization of the system. The size of crystallites CSD remained in the range of 32–36 nm, regardless of the ratio of polymer components. The influence of the composition of composites on their solubility was investigated. In view of the lower solubility of pure β-TCP, as compared to calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD, CaSO4·2H2O), the solubility of composite materials is determined to a greater degree by the CSD solubility. Complexometric titration showed that the interaction between PVA and PVP impeded the diffusion of calcium ions, and at a ratio of PVA to PVP of 1/1, the smallest exit of calcium ions from the system is observed. The cytotoxicity analysis results allowed us to establish the fact that the viability of human macrophages in the presence of the samples varied from 80% to 125% as compared to the control.
Potential distribution in channel of thin-film transistors

Channel voltages of ZnO thin-film transistors during operation are precisely probed at two trisecting positions between the source and drain electrode, which exactly corresponds to characteristic transistor events, such as carrier injection, carrier accumulation, pinch-off formation, and drain current saturation. Furthermore, a simple numerical calculation based on the gradual channel approximation and the current continuity equation reveals that the channel voltages have a non-linear potential distribution and an intrinsic but significant potential drop in the region near to the drain electrode in most of the linear regime.
Fermi-level unpinning and low resistivity in contacts to n-type Ge with a thin ZnO interfacial layer

We report low resistance Ohmic contacts on n-Ge using a thin ZnO interfacial layer (IL) capped with Ti. A 350°C post metallization anneal is used to create oxygen vacancies that dope ZnO heavily n-type (n+). Rectifying Ti/n-Ge contacts become Ohmic with 1000× higher reverse current density after insertion of n+-ZnO IL. Specific resistivity of ∼1.4×10−7 Ω cm2 is demonstrated on epitaxial n+-Ge (2.5×1019 cm−3) layers. Low resistance with ZnO IL can be attributed to (a) low barrier height from Fermi-level unpinning, (b) good conduction band alignment between ZnO and Ge, and (c) thin tunneling barrier due to the n+ doping.
Optimal Designs of Wound Field Switched Flux Machines with Different DC Windings Configurations

— Wound field switched flux (WFSF) machines exhibits characteristics of the simple robust rotor, flexible flux-adjustable capability, and no risk of demagnetization. However, they suffer from a poor torque density compared with permanent magnet machines due to the saturation. Therefore, in this paper, two WFSF machines with single- and double-layer DC windings, respectively, are optimized for the maximum torque. The end-winding (EW) lengths differ in these two machines, which can affect the optimal design. Design parameters including the DC to armature winding copper loss ratio, slot area ratio and split ratio are optimized when two machines have the same copper loss and overall sizes. In addition, the influence of the flux density ratio, total copper loss, air-gap length and aspect ratio on the optimal split ratio is investigated using the finite element method and results are explained through the analytical model accounting for the saturation. It is discovered that the EWs have no effect on the optimal copper loss ratio, which is unity. In terms of the slot area ratio, the machine with single-layer DC windings prefers smaller DC slot areas than armature slot areas. In the WFSF machine with longer EWs, the optimal split ratio becomes smaller. Moreover, compared with other parameters, the flux density ratio can significantly affect the optimal split ratio.