Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Prompting for Non-overlapping Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation

Cross-domain Recommendation (CR) has been extensively studied in recent years to alleviate the data sparsity issue in recommender systems by utilizing different domain information. In this work, we focus on the more general Non-overlapping Cross-domain Sequential Recommendation (NCSR) scenario. NCSR is challenging because there are no overlapped entities (e.g., users and items) between domains, and there is only users' implicit feedback and no content information. Previous CR methods cannot solve NCSR well, since (1) they either need extra content to align domains or need explicit domain alignment constraints to reduce the domain discrepancy from domain-invariant features, (2) they pay more attention to users' explicit feedback (i.e., users' rating data) and cannot well capture their sequential interaction patterns, (3) they usually do a single-target cross-domain recommendation task and seldom investigate the dual-target ones. Considering the above challenges, we propose Prompt Learning-based Cross-domain Recommender (PLCR), an automated prompting-based recommendation framework for the NCSR task. Specifically, to address the challenge (1), PLCR resorts to learning domain-invariant and domain-specific representations via its prompt learning component, where the domain alignment constraint is discarded. For challenges (2) and (3), PLCR introduces a pre-trained sequence encoder to learn users' sequential interaction patterns, and conducts a dual-learning target with a separation constraint to enhance recommendations in both domains. Our empirical study on two sub-collections of Amazon demonstrates the advance of PLCR compared with some related SOTA methods.
Multimodal Brain-Computer Interface for In-Vehicle Driver Cognitive Load Measurement: Dataset and Baselines

Through this paper, we introduce a novel driver cognitive load assessment dataset, CL-Drive, which contains Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals along with other physiological signals such as Electrocardiography (ECG) and Electrodermal Activity (EDA) as well as eye tracking data. The data was collected from 21 subjects while driving in an immersive vehicle simulator, in various driving conditions, to induce different levels of cognitive load in the subjects. The tasks consisted of 9 complexity levels for 3 minutes each. Each driver reported their subjective cognitive load every 10 seconds throughout the experiment. The dataset contains the subjective cognitive load recorded as ground truth. In this paper, we also provide benchmark classification results for different machine learning and deep learning models for both binary and ternary label distributions. We followed 2 evaluation criteria namely 10-fold and leave-one-subject-out (LOSO). We have trained our models on both hand-crafted features as well as on raw data.
Efficient Distributed Decomposition and Routing Algorithms in Minor-Free Networks and Their Applications

In the LOCAL model of distributed computing, low-diameter decomposition is an extremely useful tool in designing algorithms, as it allows us to shift from the general graph setting to the low-diameter graph setting, where brute-force information gathering can be done efficiently. Chang and Su [PODC 2022] showed that any high-conductance network excluding a fixed minor contains a high-degree vertex υ★, so the entire graph topology can be gathered to υ★; efficiently in the CONGEST model using expander routing. Therefore, in networks excluding a fixed minor, many problems that can be solved efficiently in LOCAL via low-diameter decomposition can also be solved efficiently in CONGEST via expander decomposition. In this work, we show improved decomposition and routing algorithms for networks excluding a fixed minor. We define an (ϵ, D, T)-decomposition of G = (V, E) as a partition of V into clusters of diameter at most D with at most ϵ|E| inter-cluster edges such that information gathering in each cluster can be done in T rounds in parallel. We show that an (ϵ, D, T)-decomposition with D = O(ϵ−1) and T = min {2O(log2 1/ϵ) · O(log Δ), poly(ϵ−1, log Δ)} can be computed deterministically in O(ϵ−1 log* n) + min {2O(log2 1/ϵ) · O(log Δ), poly(ϵ−1, log Δ)} rounds in networks excluding a fixed minor in the CONGEST model. Our algorithm has a wide range of applications, including the following results in CONGEST. • A (1 − ϵ)-approximate maximum independent set in a network excluding a fixed minor can be computed deterministically in O(ϵ−1 log* n) + poly(ϵ−1) rounds, nearly matching the Ω(ϵ−1 log* n) lower bound of Lenzen and Wattenhofer [DISC 2008]. • Property testing of any additive minor-closed property can be done deterministically in O(log n) rounds if ϵ is a constant or O(ϵ−1 log n) + poly (ϵ−1) rounds if Δ is a constant, nearly matching the Ω(ϵ−1 log n) lower bound of Levi, Medina, and Ron [PODC 2018].
Learning a Universal Human Prior for Dexterous Manipulation from Human Preference

Generating human-like behavior on robots is a great challenge especially in dexterous manipulation tasks with robotic hands. Scripting policies from scratch is intractable due to the high-dimensional control space, and training policies with reinforcement learning (RL) and manual reward engineering can also be hard and lead to unnatural motions. Leveraging the recent progress on RL from Human Feedback, we propose a framework that learns a universal human prior using direct human preference feedback over videos, for efficiently tuning the RL policies on 20 dual-hand robot manipulation tasks in simulation, without a single human demonstration. A task-agnostic reward model is trained through iteratively generating diverse polices and collecting human preference over the trajectories; it is then applied for regularizing the behavior of polices in the fine-tuning stage. Our method empirically demonstrates more human-like behaviors on robot hands in diverse tasks including even unseen tasks, indicating its generalization capability.
Effects of the self‐perceived sensorimotor demand and immersion during video gaming on visual‐attention skills

Playing specific genres of video games (e.g., action video games) has been linked to improvements in cognitive skills mostly related to attentional phenomena. Nonetheless, do video games have features or dimensions in common that impact cognitive improvements beyond the game genre? Here, we argue that the sensorimotor demand—the amount of demand for precise coordination between movement and perception—is a key element in the improvements associated with playing video games. We conducted a two‐part study to test this hypothesis: a self‐report online gaming instrument development and validation and an in‐lab behavioural and electrophysiological study. In the first study, data from 209 participants were used to devise the sensorimotor demand instrument (SMDI). The SMDI was split into three dimensions of video game playing: sensorimotor contingency, immersion and unfocused gaming. Criterion validity related to video gamers' characteristics supported that the SMDI is sensitive to the input device (e.g., keyboard or touchscreens), and the most recent experience gained during gaming sessions while not being sensitive to the game genre. In the second study, data from 20 participants who performed four visual‐attentional tasks previously reported in the literature showed that the SMDI's dimensions were associated with behavioural performance measures and the latency and amplitude of event‐related potentials (N1, P2 and P3). Despite the challenge of studying the video gamer population, our study remarks on the relevance of sensorimotor demands in the performance of attentional tasks and its potential use as a dimension to characterize the experience of playing video games beyond the game genre.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Integrated with Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy

The concept of combining electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) is demonstrated by testing a specially designed micro gadolinia‐doped ceria (CGO) sample in reactive gasses (O2 and H2/H2O), at elevated temperatures (room temperature—800 °C) and with applied electrical potentials. The EIS‐TEM method provides structural and compositional information with direct correlation to the electrochemical performance. It is demonstrated that reliable EIS measurements can be achieved in the TEM for a sample with nanoscale dimensions. Specifically, the ionic and electronic conductivity, the surface exchange resistivity, and the volume‐specific chemical capacitance are in good agreement with results from more standardized electrochemical tests on macroscopic samples. CGO is chosen as a test material due to its relevance for solid oxide electrochemical reactions where its electrochemical performance depends on temperature and gas environment. As expected, the results show increased conductivity and lower surface exchange resistance in H2/H2O gas mixtures where the oxygen partial pressure is low compared to experiments in pure O2. The developed EIS‐TEM platform is an important tool in promoting the understanding of nanoscale processes for green energy technologies, e.g., solid oxide electrolysis/fuel cells, batteries, thermoelectric devices, etc.
Structural and optical properties of silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor light-emitting devices

Abstract. A silicon p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (Si-PMOSFET) that is fully compatible with the standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor process is investigated based on the phenomenon of optical radiation observed in the reverse-biased p–n junction in the Si-PMOSFET device. The device can be used either as a two-terminal silicon diode light-emitting device (Si-diode LED) or as a three-terminal silicon gate-controlled diode light-emitting device (Si gate-controlled diode LED). It is seen that the three-terminal operating mode could provide much higher power transfer efficiency than the two-terminal operating mode. A new solution based on the concept of a theoretical quantum efficiency model combined with calculated results is proposed for interpreting the evidence of light intensity reduction at high operating voltages. The Si-LED that can be easily integrated into CMOS fabrication process is an important step toward optical interconnects.
Physical activity is associated with slower epigenetic ageing—Findings from the Rhineland study

Epigenetic ageing, i.e., age‐associated changes in DNA methylation patterns, is a sensitive marker of biological ageing, a major determinant of morbidity and functional decline. We examined the association of physical activity with epigenetic ageing and the role of immune function and cardiovascular risk factors in mediating this relation. Moreover, we aimed to identify novel molecular processes underlying the association between physical activity and epigenetic ageing. We analysed cross‐sectional data from 3567 eligible participants (mean age: 55.5 years, range: 30–94 years, 54.8% women) of the Rhineland Study, a community‐based cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Physical activity components (metabolic equivalent (MET)‐Hours, step counts, sedentary, light‐intensity and moderate‐to‐vigorous intensity activities) were recorded with accelerometers. DNA methylation was measured with the Illumina HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip. Epigenetic age acceleration (Hannum's age, Horvath's age, PhenoAge and GrimAge) was calculated based on published algorithms. The relation between physical activity and epigenetic ageing was examined with multivariable regression, while structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis. Moreover, we conducted an epigenome‐wide association study of physical activity across 850,000 CpG sites. After adjustment for age, sex, season, education, smoking, cell proportions and batch effects, physical activity (step counts, MET‐Hours and %time spend in moderate‐to‐vigorous activities) was non‐linearly associated with slower epigenetic ageing, in part through its beneficial effects on immune function and cardiovascular health. Additionally, we identified 12 and 7 CpGs associated with MET‐Hours and %time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous activities, respectively (p < 1 × 10−5). Our findings suggest that regular physical activity slows epigenetic ageing by counteracting immunosenescence and lowering cardiovascular risk.
Targeting orexin receptors: Recent advances in the development of subtype selective or dual ligands for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

Orexin‐A and orexin‐B, also named hypocretin‐1 and hypocretin‐2, are two hypothalamic neuropeptides highly conserved across mammalian species. Their effects are mediated by two distinct G protein‐coupled receptors, namely orexin receptor type 1 (OX1‐R) and type 2 (OX2‐R), which share 64% amino acid identity. Given the wide expression of OX‐Rs in different central nervous system and peripheral areas and the several pathophysiological functions in which they are involved, including sleep‐wake cycle regulation (mainly mediated by OX2‐R), emotion, panic‐like behaviors, anxiety/stress, food intake, and energy homeostasis (mainly mediated by OX1‐R), both subtypes represent targets of interest for many structure–activity relationship (SAR) campaigns carried out by pharmaceutical companies and academies. However, before 2017 the research was predominantly directed towards dual‐orexin ligands, and limited chemotypes were investigated. Analytical characterizations, including resolved structures for both OX1‐R and OX2‐R in complex with agonists and antagonists, have improved the understanding of the molecular basis of receptor recognition and are assets for medicinal chemists in the design of subtype‐selective ligands. This review is focused on the medicinal chemistry aspects of small molecules acting as dual or subtype selective OX1‐R/OX2‐R agonists and antagonists belonging to different chemotypes and developed in the last years, including radiolabeled OX‐R ligands for molecular imaging. Moreover, the pharmacological effects of the most studied ligands in different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as sleep, mood, substance use, and eating disorders, as well as pain, have been discussed. Poly‐pharmacology applications and multitarget ligands have also been considered.
On the Dynamics of the Formation of the Kelvin Cat’s-Eye in Tropical Cyclogenesis. Part I: Climatological Investigation

AbstractMotivated by Dunkerton et al., a climatological study of 54 developing easterly waves in 1998–2001 was performed. Time-lagged composites in a translating reference frame following the disturbances indicate a weak meridional potential vorticity (PV) gradient of the easterly jet and a cyclonic critical layer located slightly to the south of the weak PV gradient, consistent with previous findings in the marsupial paradigm. Using a closed PV contour as a criterion for the formation of the cat’s-eye, it was shown that on average it takes ~2.6 days for open PV contours to transform to a closed coherent structure. Bootstrap analysis was then applied to determine the reliability of the easterly wave–like pattern in the composite perturbation PV analysis. It is suggested that the coexistence of a nonlinear critical layer and a region of weak meridional PV gradient over several days, found to occur in only ~25% of the easterly waves, might be a major factor to distinguish developing and nondeveloping distur.
Two-stage output procedure of a finite dam

The input of water into a finite dam is a Wiener process with positive drift. Water may be released at either of two possible rates 0 or M. At any time the output rate can be increased from 0 to M with cost KM, (K ≧ 0), or decreased from M to 0 with zero cost. There is a reward of A monetary units for each unit of output, (A > 0). We will consider the problem of specifying an optimal control output policy under the following optimal criteria: (a) Minimum total long-run average cost per unit time. (b) Minimum expected total discounted cost.
Proteogenomic analysis of Serratia marcescens using computational subtractive genomics approach

Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative bacterium (Enterobacteriaceae) is a hospital-acquired opportunistic pathogen that infects the urinary and central nervous systems. The identification of new therapeutics against S. marcescens is crucial since it is now multi-drug resistant. Therefore, the current study was aimed to identify potential drug targets against S. marcescens strains i.e. WW4, SM39, and Db11 using comparative metabolic pathway analysis and subtractive genomics approach. The applied bioinformatics-based method was used to identify the unique metabolic pathways as the prioritized drug targets. The downstream analysis has led to the identification of three pathways that are specifically absent and/or present in the specific strain. Consequently, six proteins were identified through subtractive genomic analysis. The identified proteins were found as non-homologous and essential to the pathogen’s survival as well as unique to the WW4 strain. The estimated features proposed it as a potential drug target. The selected protein was further subjected to in-depth structural analysis for the structure modeling, structure validation, and protein-protein interaction analysis. Furthermore, the library of ~1500 approved compounds was screened against selected drug target to identify potential drug candidates. The current work may help in repurposing of the drug compounds as novel medication against S. marcescens.
Effects of Exposure to Cadmium, Microplastics, and Their Mixture on Survival, Growth, Feeding, and Life History of Daphnia magna

There is concern that microplastics can act as a vector for cadmium (Cd), altering the bioavailability and subsequent toxicity of Cd to ecologically important species such as Daphnia magna. The toxicity of Cd to D. magna has been well described; however, what is not known, and what the present study addresses, was how the addition of polyethylene microplastic altered Cd toxicity. Using high‐throughput feeding assays and size assessments, the present study quantified effects of exposure to Cd, microplastic, or their mixture on daphnids from neonate to adult. Exposure to Cd inhibited feeding efficiency, while exposure to microplastic inhibited growth rates of juveniles. Daphnia magna coexposed to Cd and microplastic showed significant decreases in both feeding and prereproductive growth rate. There were no differences in life‐history traits across any treatments. The alterations of feeding and growth while maintaining reproductive endpoints (time to first brood, reproductive frequency, the number of neonates released at each reproductive event, and the size of neonates produced) might be the result of a shift in energy allocation away from somatic growth, allowing individuals to maintain reproductive output despite lower nutritional reserves. Our findings suggest that cocontamination of microplastic and Cd has additive effects on feeding and growth rates, resulting in a greater energy allocation shift. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1401–1408. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Emerging roles of lysophosphatidylserine as an immune modulator

In addition to direct activation by pathogens and antigens, immune cell functions are further modulated by factors in their environment. Recent studies have revealed that lysophospholipids (LPL) derived from membrane glycerophospholipids are such environmental factors. They are produced by the action of various phospholipases and modulate immune responses positively or negatively via G‐protein‐coupled receptor‐type receptors. These include lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS), and lysophosphatidylinositol. Here, we summarize what is known about the synthetic pathways, receptors, and immunomodulatory functions of these LPLs. Particular focus is given to LysoPS, which have recently been identified, and recent findings on their immunomodulatory actions are presented.
Hippocampal spatial view cells, place cells, and concept cells: View representations

A commentary is provided on issues raised in the Special Issue of Hippocampus (2023) on hippocampal system view representations. First, the evidence for hippocampal and parahippocampal spatial view cells in primates including humans shows that the allocentric representations provided by at least some of these cells are very useful for human memory in that where objects and rewards are seen in the world “out there” is a key component of episodic memory and navigation. Spatial view cell representations provide for memory and navigation to be independent of the place where the individual is currently located and of the egocentric coordinates of the viewed location and the facing direction of the individual. Second, memory and navigation in humans are normally related to the visual cues encoded by spatial view cells that define a location “out there” such as a building, hill, and so forth, not to an unmarked place without local cues and identified only by distant environmental/room cues. Third, “mixed” representations, for example of particular combinations of spatial view and place, can arise if the training has been for only some combinations of place and view, for that is what can then be learned by the hippocampus. Fourth, rodents, with their much less good visual acuity (~1 cycle/° in rats, compared with ~60 cycles/° for the human fovea), and rodents' very wide viewing angle for the world (~270°) might be expected, when using the same computational mechanisms as in primates, to use widely spaced environmental cues to define a place where the rodent is located, supported by inputs about place using local olfactory and tactile cues. Fifth, it is shown how view‐point dependent allocentric representations could form a view‐point independent allocentric representation for memory and navigation. Sixth, concept cells in humans and primates with connectivity to the hippocampus are compared.
Synthesis, DFT calculations, and anti-proliferative evaluation of pyrimidine and selenadiazolopyrimidine derivatives as dual Topoisomerase II and HSP90 inhibitors

Abstract Novel series of aminopyrimidines bearing a biologically active cyclohexenone 3a–f and oxo-selaneylidene moiety 4, besides selenadiazolopyrimidines (5a–e and 7), were synthesised using 5,6-diaminouracils as starting materials. Compound 3a exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity against three cell lines: HepG-2 (IC50 14.31 ± 0.83 µM), A-549 (IC50 30.74 ± 0.76 µM), and MCF-7 (IC50 27.14 ± 1.91 µM). Also, it was four times more selectively cytotoxic against WI-38 cell lines than doxorubicin. Furthermore, Topoisomerase II (IC50 4.48 ± 0.65 µM) and HSP90 (IC50 1.78 ± 0.11 µM) were both strongly inhibited in vitro by 3a. The cell cycle was halted at the G1-S phase, and total apoptotic cells were 65 times more than control Hep-G2 cells. Besides, it increased caspase-3 gene expression, triggering mitochondrial cell death. Molecular docking study indicated that it could bind to Topoisomerase II and HSP90 binding sites in an inhibitory mode. Its geometric properties were investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). Furthermore, compound 3a demonstrated in silico good oral bioavailability. Graphical Abstract