Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Curse of Cash: How Large-Denomination Bills Aid Crime and Tax Evasion and Constrain Monetary Policy

THE CURSE OF CASH KENNETH S ROGOFF 9780691178363. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. MONEYNESS THOUGHTS ON ROGOFF S CURSE OF CASH. CA CUSTOMER REVIEWS THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH LIVROS NA BRASIL 9780691172132. BREAKING THE CURSE OF CASH SSRN. READ THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. KENNETH S ROGOFF THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION. THE CURSE OF CASH IT ROGOFF KENNETH S LIBRI IN. THE CURSE OF CASH PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS. THE CURSE OF CASH MILKEN INSTITUTE REVIEW. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. REVIEW OF THE CURSE OF CASH STEPHEN WILLIAMSON NEW. DATA FOR THE CURSE OF CASH KENNETH ROGOFF. THE CURSE OF CASH ES ROGOFF KENNETH S LIBROS. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH VON KENNETH S ROGOFF ENGLISCHES BUCH. BOOK REVIEW THE CURSE OF CASH BY KENNETH S ROGOFF. THE CURSE OF THE WAR ON CASH CATO INSTITUTE. THE CURSE OF CASH DE GRUYTER. THE CURSE OF CASH ROGOFF KENNETH S DE BüCHER. BUY THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID. THE CURSE OF CASH BY ROGOFF KENNETH S EBOOK. THE CURSE OF CASH PDF BOOKS LIBRARY LAND. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. PDF BOOK REVIEW THE CURSE OF CASH RESEARCHGATE. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH BY KENNETH S ROGOFF SATURDAY REVIEW. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. ONLINE THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION BILLS AID CRIME. KENNETH ROGOFF THE CURSE OF CASH NOV 2 MIT GOLUB. THE CURSE OF CASH COUNCIL ON FOREIGN RELATIONS. THE CURSE OF CASH HOW LARGE DENOMINATION
Approche multi-processeurs homogènes sur System-on-Chip pour le traitement d'image

La conception de prototypes de systemes de vision en temps reel embarque est sujet a de multiples contraintes severes et fortement contradictoires. Dans le cas de capteurs dits "intelligents", il est necessaire de fournir une puissance de traitement suffisante pour executer les algorithmes a la cadence des capteurs d'images avec un dispositif de taille minimale et consommant peu d'energie. La conception d'un systeme monopuce (ou SoC) et l'implantation d'algorithmes de plus en plus complexes pose probleme si on veut l'associer avec une approche de prototypage rapide d'applications scientifiques. Afin de reduire de maniere significative le temps et les differents couts de conception, le procede de conception est fortement automatise. La conception materielle est basee sur la derivation d'un modele d'architecture multiprocesseur generique de maniere a repondre aux besoins de capacite de traitement et de communication specifiques a l'application visee. Les principales etapes manuelles se reduisent au choix et au parametrage des differents composants materiels synthetisables disponibles. La conception logicielle consiste en la parallelisation des algorithmes, qui est facilitee par l'homogeneite et la regularite de l'architecture de traitement parallele et la possibilite d'employer des outils d'aide a la parallelisation. Avec l'approche de conception sont presentes les premiers elements constitutifs qui permettent de la mettre en oeuvre. Ceux ci portent essentiellement sur les aspects de conception materielle. L'approche proposee est illustree par l'implantation d'un traitement de stabilisation temps reel video sur technologie SoPC
The current situation and issues of the teaching of English in Malaysia

Malaysia has gone through vast changes in various fields since it attained its independence from Britain in 1957. Among these changes were implementations of policies related to educational syllabus and the medium of instruction where languages were used to impart knowledge. The country had inherited a divide-and-rule system from the colonial era where schools in the past were set up along ethnic lines and conducted in different languages. Hence, education in Malaysia has been multilingual. During pre-independence, primary schools were available in four medium of instruction, namely English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil. During post-independence, Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) was declared the sole national language in 1967. However, severe race riots occurred in May 1969, which catalysed a change in the education system where all English medium schools were instructed to phase out. National Language and National Educational Policies were implemented gradually from 1970 until 1983 in primary and secondary level of education. The Third Malaysia plan states that Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) is the basis for national integration and English is taught as a second language. Schools adopted a few approaches in teaching English. However, certain problems were overlooked in the teaching of English during nationalisation of schools, for example students who came from non-English medium background were given little consideration, approaches used in teaching English, and the fact that English was taught as just another subject. The English medium of instruction was reintroduced in National schools in 2002 and a bilingual system was set up with English used for the teaching of Science and Mathematics. Very recently, it was announced that the teaching of Science and Mathematics in English will be phased out from 2012 since the government was convinced that it was not working well. Supporters and critics of the move voiced out their opinions. In the current scenario as far as the teaching of English is concerned, Malaysia faces a number of challenges. Firstly, it has to produce or make available enough competent teachers to teach English lessons in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) and ESL (English as a Second Language) settings. Secondly, it has to find the best approach of teaching English to multilingual students, and thirdly, it has to train Mathematics and Science teachers to teach well in English.
In reply to 'hemodialysis catheters: which design is more cost-effective?' and 'use of an uncensored primary outcome in a catheter design trial?'.

In Reply to ‘Hemodialysis Catheters: Which Design Is More Cost-effective? ’ and ‘Use of an Uncensored Primary Outcome in a Catheter Design Trial? ’ We are pleased to learn that AlBugami et al confirm our most important finding: catheter design has little, if any, influence on catheter survival and incidence of thrombosis/infection. In our large sample (.60,000 catheter-days), we used the strict preemptive catheter salvage KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) protocol, which resulted in relatively low urokinase use (17-35 episodes/1,000 catheter-days). AlBugami et al used 2 mg (lock) or 4 mg (infusion) of tissue plasminogen activator when blood flow rate was ,250 mL/min (M.M. AlBugami, personal communication, March 2015), corresponding with an average of 70 locks or 35 infusions/1,000 catheter-days. Comparing thrombolysis outcome across both studies is very difficult in view of the differences in indication, administration mode, and type of thrombolytic. However, we believe that our pre-emptive strategy is efficient and cost-effective and over-rides any potential initial differences in catheter costs. The question from Drs Ashby and Corbett most likely originates from a difference in interpretation of the concept of censoring. An observation is “censored” when the observation time has been interrupted prematurely and the time to event (in our case, thrombosis/infection) has therefore not been registered. Because our study reflected standard clinical practice, there was a high degree of early censoring (recovery of kidney function, maturation of vascular access, and transfer to peritoneal dialysis therapy). Primary assisted patency was defined as the interval from access placement to catheter removal for infection/thrombosis, with censoring for non–catheter-related removal. This is entirely different from mean survival time (time to thrombosis/ infection if all catheters had been followed up until the thrombosis/infection end point was reached), of which the KaplanMeier curve gives only a poor estimate given the high degree of censoring. An De Vriese, MD, PhD Hans Van Der Meersch, MD Dirk De Bacquer, PhD AZ Sint-Jan Brugge, Brugge, Belgium Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Dual Beneficial Effect of Interloop Disulfide Bond for Single Domain Antibody Fragments*

Background: The presence of cystines connecting antigen-binding loops in single domain antibodies is puzzling. Results: Cysteines forming such cystine are substituted, and the performance of functional antibody fragments is determined. Conclusion: An interloop disulfide bond stabilizes the domain and rigidifies the long third antigen-binding loop, leading to stronger antigen interaction. Significance: This beneficial effect explains in vivo antibody maturation favoring antibodies with an interloop disulfide bond. The antigen-binding fragment of functional heavy chain antibodies (HCAbs) in camelids comprises a single domain, named the variable domain of heavy chain of HCAbs (VHH). The VHH harbors remarkable amino acid substitutions in the framework region-2 to generate an antigen-binding domain that functions in the absence of a light chain partner. The substitutions provide a more hydrophilic, hence more soluble, character to the VHH but decrease the intrinsic stability of the domain. Here we investigate the functional role of an additional hallmark of dromedary VHHs, i.e. the extra disulfide bond between the first and third antigen-binding loops. After substituting the cysteines forming this interloop cystine by all 20 amino acids, we selected and characterized several VHHs that retain antigen binding capacity. Although VHH domains can function in the absence of an interloop disulfide bond, we demonstrate that its presence constitutes a net advantage. First, the disulfide bond stabilizes the domain and counteracts the destabilization by the framework region-2 hallmark amino acids. Second, the disulfide bond rigidifies the long third antigen-binding loop, leading to a stronger antigen interaction. This dual beneficial effect explains the in vivo antibody maturation process favoring VHH domains with an interloop disulfide bond.
“Benifuuki” Extract Reduces Serum Levels of Lectin-Like Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 Ligands Containing Apolipoprotein B: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial

(1) Background: Arteriosclerosis is associated with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. O-methylated catechins in “Benifuuki” green tea are expected to reduce cholesterol levels, although there is limited research regarding this topic; (2) Methods: This trial evaluated 159 healthy volunteers who were randomized to receive ice cream containing a high-dose of “Benifuuki” extract including 676 mg of catechins (group H), a low-dose of “Benifuuki” extract including 322 mg of catechins (group L), or no “Benifuuki” extract (group C). Each group consumed ice cream (with or without extract) daily for 12 weeks, and their lipid-related parameters were compared; (3) Results: A significant reduction in the level of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 ligand containing ApoB (LAB) was detected in group H, compared to groups L and C. No significant differences between the three groups were detected in their levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol; (4) Conclusions: “Benifuuki” extract containing O-methylated catechins may help prevent arteriosclerosis.
Rebuttal : ’ Sea-level response to melting of Antarctic ice shelves on multi-centennial time scales with the fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet model ( f . ETISh v 1 . 0 ) ’ by

The magnitude of the Antarctic ice sheet’s contribution to g lobal sea-level rise is dominated by the potential of its marine sectors to become unstable and collapse as a response to ocean (and atmospheric) forcing. This paper presents Ant arctic sea-level response to sudden atmospheric and oceanic fo rc ngs on multi-centennial time scales with the newly devel op d fast Elementary Thermomechanical Ice Sheet (f.ETISh) model. The f.ETISh model is a vertically integrat ed hybrid ice sheet/ice shelf model withanapproximateimplementationof icesheethermomechanics ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ vertically-integrated ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ thermomechanical ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ coupling, 5 making the model two-dimensional. Its marine boundary is re presented by two different flux conditions, coherent with po werlaw basal sliding and Coulomb basal friction. The model has b een compared to aseriesof existing benchmarks. Modelled Antarctic ice sheet response to forcing is dominat ed by sub-ice shelf melt and the sensitivity is highly depend ent on basal conditions at the grounding line. Coulomb friction in the grounding-line transition zone leads to significantl y higher mass loss in both West and East Antarctica on centennial time scales, leading to2 ✿✿ 1.5 m sea level rise after 500 year for a 10 moderate ✿✿✿✿✿✿ limited melt scenario of 20 ✿✿ 10m a under freely-floating ice shelves, up to 6 m for a 50 m a −1 scenario. The higher sensitivity is attributed to higher driving stressesupstreamfrom ✿✿✿ ice ✿✿✿✿✿ fluxes ✿✿ at ✿ the grounding line ✿✿ due ✿✿✿ to ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ vanishing ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ effective ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ pressure . Removing the ice shelves altogether results in a disintegra ion of the West Antarctic ice sheet and (partially) marine basins in East Antarctica. After 500 years, this leads to a 4.5 ✿ 5 m and a12.2 ✿✿ 16 m sea level rise for the power-law basal 15 sliding and Coulomb friction conditions at the grounding li ne, respectively. The latter value agrees with simulations by DeConto and Pollard (2016) over a similar period (but with di fferent forcing and including processes of hydrofracturing ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ hydro-fracturing ✿ and cliff failure). The chosen parametrizations make model results largely ind ependent of spatial resolution, so that f.ETISh can potenti ally be integrated in large-scale Earth system models. 20
Evaluation of Patient setup Accuracy and Determination of Optimal Setup Margin for External Beam Radiation therapy using Electronic Portal Imaging Device

The aim of radiation therapy (RT) is to reliably maximize the dose to the target while minimizing the toxicity to the normal tissues. Therefore, daily treatment setup is considered as a critical requirement in RT for an accurate dose delivery. The planning target volume (PTV) is defined as the clinical target volume (CTV) plus a margin to account for patient positioning uncertainties, beam alignment and organ motion (i.e. setup margin and internal margin). Setup margins have a direct effect on the coverage of target volume. Thus, these should be optimized to prevent inadvertent irradiation of organ at risks (OARs) [1,2]. Setup uncertainties can be divided into two categories: systematic errors and random errors.Whereas the random errors blur the dose distribution, the systematic component of errors leads to a shift of the cumulative dose distribution relative to the target. The systematic errors are reproducible consistent errors, occurring in the same direction and magnitude but random (day-to-day) errors can vary in direction, magnitude and are unpredictable. The systematic errors in contrast to the random errors are more dangerous because they affect all treatment sessions. Thus, systematic errors may lead to the recurrence of the tumor or serious damage in normal organs [3]. Abstract
Progressive ECC Techniques for Phase Change Memory

Phase change memory (PCM) is considered as the most promising alternative of DRAM. However, it has the inevitable endurance problem of the storage cells. The limited endurance and other permanent faults cause serious reliability and yield challenges. Conventional techniques like hard repair schemes and error correction codes (ECC) are usually used to overcome these dilemmas. However, since soft errors are not a main threat for PCM, equipping ECC for each data word will waste a lot of memory space for storing the check bits. Therefore, progressive ECC techniques are proposed to solve this drawback in this paper. The main idea is to equip ECC for data words when their first faulty bits are detected. That is, only the fault detection code is equipped for data words such that the original code rate is high. A separated ECC DRAM is used for storing the check bits. Two types of progressive ECC techniques¾the local progressive ECC (LPE) technique and the global progressive ECC (GPE) technique are presented. The proposed techniques are also easy to be integrated with the conventional BISR (Built-in Self-repair) architectures. According to experimental results, the degradation of repair rate and reliability are almost negligible. However, the hardware overhead is at least 70% lower than the original ECC technique.
A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF CHILD HEALTH IN NORTH-EAST STATES, INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONAL FAMILY HEALTH SURVEY 4 (2015-16).

Kh. Jitenkumar Singh 1 , Apoorva Nambiar 2 , Damini Yadav 3 , Swati Kadian 4 , Amandeep Kaur 4 , Kiran Saini 4 , Payal Kuchhal 4 and Diksha Kashyap 4 . 1. National Institute of Medical Statistics, ICMR, New Delhi. 2. M.Sc. Student, IIPS, Mumbai. 3. M.Sc. Student of Amity University, Noida. 4. M.Sc. Student, Kurukshetra University. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
A 360-degree process improvement approach based on multiple models

Several models and methodologies have been defi ned in order to support organisational process improvement. The implementation and institutionalisation of these approaches allow organisations to improve, mature, acquire and institutionalise best practices and management systems from multiple approaches. However, there are two issues, which have to be kept in mind. On one hand, it is possible to fi nd several similarities amongst improvement, management and governance approaches. Experts and practitioners can thereby save, improve and optimize the organisational efforts using the best parts of existing models as building blocks; they can thus be prepared to deconstruct models, aiming for their designs to meet multiple needs. On the other hand, nonetheless, there are other factors which may infl uence, for example, compliance, or those aspects related to structural differences such as terminology, size, process, element structure, content, granularity, and complexity, which make diffi cult to work in multi-model environments. This being the case, the people involved need a map or guideline telling them how to carry out the harmonisation of models and standards that have to be implemented inside their organisations. In the quest to help support the work of harmonization of multiple models, this paper presents a framework that defi nes elements needed for the harmonization of multiple reference models to occur, as well as its application to three case studies. The results obtained show that the framework proposed has allowed the harmonization of several models. RESUMEN: Diferentes modelos y metodologias se han defi nido para apoyar la mejora de procesos de las organizaciones. La implementacion e institucionalizacion de estos enfoques permiten a las organizaciones mejorar, madurar, adquirir e institucionalizar las mejores practicas y sistemas de gestion a partir de multiples enfoques. Sin embargo, hay dos cuestiones que se deben tener en cuenta. Por un lado, es posible encontrar varias similitudes entre los enfoques de mejora, gestion y gobierno, de esta manera, expertos y profesionales pueden ahorrar, mejorar y optimizar los esfuerzos de la organizacion usando las mejores partes de los modelos existentes como bloques de construccion; en este sentido, tanto expertos como profesionales deben estar preparados para reconstruir los modelos con el objetivo de disenar las practicas de una organizacion de acuerdo a sus multiples necesidades. Por otro lado, sin embargo, hay otros factores que pueden infl uir en el cumplimiento, lo que hace dificil para trabajar en entornos multimodelo, por ejemplo, los aspectos relacionados con las diferencias estructurales tales como la terminologia, tamano, estructura de elementos de proceso, contenido, granularidad y complejidad. En este sentido, las personas involucradas necesitan una ruta o guia que les permita saber como llevar a cabo la armonizacion de modelos y estandares que tienen que aplicar en sus organizaciones. Con el objetivo de facilitar la labor en la armonizacion de multiples modelos,
Normative Values of the Balance Evaluation System Test (BESTest), Mini-BESTest, Brief-BESTest, Timed Up and Go and Usual Gait Speed in Healthy Older Portuguese People

Objective. This study aimed to established age and gender-related normative values for the Balance Evaluation System Test (BESTest), Mini-BESTest, Brief-BESTest, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and Usual Gait Speed (UGS) for Portuguese healthy older people aged 60 to 89 years. Design. A cross-sectional study was developed. Local. Portugal. Population. Portuguese healthy older people aged 60 to 89 years. Methods. Participants were recruited from the community. Socio-demographic, anthropometric and general clinical information were collected with a structured questionnaire. Balance was assessed with the BESTest, Mini-BESTest and Brief-BESTest, mobility with the TUG and gait speed with the six meters UGS. Normative scores were reported by age decades and gender. Results. One hundred and thirteen healthy older people (75,8±8,9 years; 70,5% female) participated in this study. Mean scores for the BESTest (60-69 yrs: 86,5±15,6; 70-79 yrs: 82,6±14,5; 80-89 yrs: 72,6±15,0), Mini-BESTest (60-69 yrs: 22,4±6,3; 70-79 yrs: 21,6±5,9; 80-89 yrs: 16,2±6,2), Brief-BESTest (60-69 yrs: 17,5±6,3; 70-79 yrs: 16,0±6,0; 80-89 yrs: 10,2±5,5) and UGS (60-69 yrs: 122,3±46,8cm/s; 70-79 yrs: 116,6±47,3cm/s; 80-89 yrs: 73,8±32,6cm/s) decreased whereas TUG (60-69 yrs: 8,9±2,8s, 70-79 yrs: 9,5±4,0s, 80-89 yrs: 16,8±5,3s) increased as age advanced. Significant changes were also reported by gender as age increased. Mean scores of all measures were significantly different among age and gender groups ( p <.05). Conclusions. This study provides normative values of BESTest, Mini-BESTest, Brief-BESTest, TUG and UGS, which may contribute to develop tailored interventions to improve balance, mobility and gait speed in Portuguese healthy older people living in the community. Key words: Normative Values; Balance; Mobility; Gait Speed; Older People.