Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on the Contemporary Research on Radio Frequency Energy Harvesting

Radio Frequency harvesting has recently become one of the alternate approaches to power up low power wireless networks. This evolving technology opens the gate for positive energy renewal for wireless components. This paper presents a comprehensive review which includes all the important components in a RF energy harvesting system which are microstrip patch antennas, rectifier modules and power management modules. Different types of microstrip patch antennas and its designs and outputs are discussed. Rectifier modules with Schottky diodes operating under two different frequency bands are also compared and discussed. In addition, different methods of available power management circuits with different methods are also deliberated in this paper. This review also explores various key design issues and envisions some open research directions.
Modelling and Development of Passive Permanent Magnetic Bearing for a Small Cross Flow Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

Mechanical frictional resistance offered by the conventional ball bearings prevent the self starting ability of vertical axis wind turbine at low wind speed regimes. This is overcome with use of passive permanent magnetic bearings. The present study focuses on analysing different arrangements of stacked rings of passive permanent magnetic bearings for a small cross flow vertical axis wind turbine using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Configuration 1 shows the highest value of stiffness and maximum axial force exerted by the outer ring magnet on the inner magnet. Therefore, configuration 1 is chosen for fabrication and implementation in a cross flow VAWT. Rotational speed tests are carried out. The rotational speeds of cross flow VAWT with passive permanent magnetic bearings increased by around 2.36 to 3.28 times the speed of the VAWT with ball bearings. The test results showed that the use of permanent magnetic bearings would lead to a significant improvement in the performance of cross flow VAWT.
As the volume, variety, and velocity of data gathered increase dramatically, both the value and the risk are likely to increase as well.

F ifth-generation (5G) wireless networking will increase the scale of wireless networks by an order of magnitude or more.1 Perhaps nothing exemplifies the future of the 5G era more than the ubiquitous surveillance that is gathering more and more-diverse data on people. Even before the 5G era, data were seen as a source of new economic value. At the same time, the gathering and use of data have already raised privacy concerns, both in the United States and in Europe (Gopalakrishnan, 2020; Singer and Conger, 2019). JENNIFER BROOKES, JAMES BONOMO, TIMOTHY M. BONDS
Study and Analysis of Reliability of Chip with Latest Technology

With the growing technology, various challenges are coming to picture at SOC level with respect to functionality of the design, timing and power perspective. Reliability of a chip includes IR drop (or voltage drop) and Electromigration (or EM) observed in the chip. The IR drop further includes Static IR Drop and Dynamic IR Drop. The current flowing in the metal grid, having some resistance will result in Static IR Drop. The maximum limit of Static IR drop that will not affect the circuit or design is 10%. In the design, 15% Static IR Drop was coming due to weak metal grid. Grid weakness is defined in terms of the current carrying capacity of the metal grid. More current flowing in the design requires more metal paths. Thus, by making grid more robust, Static IR drop was brought down to 9%. Dynamic IR Drop is high toggling cells in the design. The higher the toggle rate of the cells, the higher is the peak current in the design, resulting in higher IR Drop. The reason for Dynamic IR in this design was cluster of high toggling cells sitting near to each other. Due to this Dynamic IR was observed as 35% but the limit for Dynamic IR to occur in the chip is taken as 30%. By declustering all the high toggling cells, the Dynamic IR was brought down to 28%. More is the EM percentage in the design higher will be the localized temperature, which may heat up the nearby metals also. Similar to Static IR and Dynamic IR, criteria for EM percentage that will not increase the localized temperature is taken as 400%. The percentage of EM observed in this design is 550% due to high output load capacitance. To meet the EM criteria, load splitting is the optimal solution in this case, which brought down the EM percentage to 380%.
A Wide Dynamic Range and Low Bit Error Pixel TDC Suitable for Array Application

This brief presents a cascade pseudo 3-level time-to-digital converter (TDC) based on wideband phase-locked loops (PLLs) for photon time of flight measurement. In each pixel, a 9-bit pseudo random synchronous counter composed of linear feedback shift register is served as a high-level coarse TDC. Its counting clock is directly coming from the synchronous counter served as the middle-level TDC. The low-level fine TDC is based on time-interpolation technology and directly use the low-jitter multi-phase clock signal generated by the PLL to complete the fine quantization of the residue time. In addition, proper timing control and error suppression methods are implemented in the proposed TDC. The circuit is demonstrated in TSMC 0.35-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mu }\text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process. Under the condition of 10-MHz input reference frequency and 3.3-V supply voltage, the wideband PLL can be locked from 146 to 450 MHz. The resolution of the TDC will change from 856 to 278 ps. At 450 MHz, the measured DNL around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$15\boldsymbol {\mu }\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is–0.1 to 0.1 LSB and the INL is–0.05 to 0.2 LSB.
Electrical control of quantum dot spin qubits

This thesis presents experiments exploring the interactions of electron spins with electric fields in devices of up to four quantum dots. These experiments are particularly motivated by the prospect of using electric fields to control spin qubits. A novel hyperfine effect on a single spin in a quantum dot is presented in Chapter 2. Fluctuations of the nuclear polarization allow single-spin resonance to be driven by an oscillating electric field. Spin resonance spectroscopy revealed a nuclear polarization built up inside the quantum dot device by driving the resonance. The evolution of two coupled spins is controlled by the combination of hyperfine interaction, which tends to cause spin dephasing, and exchange, which tends to prevent it. In Chapter 3, dephasing is studied in a device with tunable exchange, probing the crossover between exchange-dominated and hyperfine-dominated regimes. In agreement with theoretical predictions, oscillations of the spin conversion probability and saturation of dephasing are observed. Chapter 4 deals with a three-dot device, suggested as a potential qubit controlled entirely by exchange. Preparation and readout of the qubit state are demonstrated, together with one out of two coherent exchange operations needed for arbitrary manipulations. A new readout technique allowing rapid device measurement is described. In Chapter 5, an attempt to make a two-qubit gate using a four-dot device is presented. Although spin qubit operation has not yet been possible, the electrostatic interaction between pairs of dots was measured to be sufficient in principle for coherent qubit coupling. iii
An Integrated Conceptual Framework of Behavioral Intervention Technologies to Promote Healthcare Utilization Among Socially-Marginalized Populations in the United States

In the U.S., socially marginalized groups disproportionately shoulder the burden of health outcomes. The evolving development of behavioral intervention technologies provides opportunities to support users in changing behaviors and improving health. No conceptual model is available to guide technology-based behavioral interventions among vulnerable groups in the new era of digitalization. Our conceptual framework combines the Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization (HCU) for Vulnerable Populations and the Integrated Model of Behavioral Prediction (IMBP). With the Socioecological Model leading the vertical direction, the overarching HCU-IBMP model is incorporated by the Behavioral Intervention Technology-Technological Instantiation Framework (BIT-Tech). The HCU model explains how vulnerable populations influence healthcare access and utilization behaviors by personal and contextual factors. Through the lens of the IMBP, healthcare utilization intention is highly predictable and maybe even causally correlated with the corresponding behavior. To assist the healthcare utilization intention translates into the corresponding behaviors, we employ a medium using the technological implementation in a system that can assist the end-users in adopting the desired behavior. With the integrated model that combines a technological framework with the behavioral components, the BIT-Tech guides the procedure intervention development. Our integrated conceptual framework indicated that theoretical and technical components should be considered during a technological tool development to support the research community. A real-world intervention design has been demonstrated using the framework to guide behavioral intervention technologies to promote PrEP care and utilization among racial/ethnic minority women in the U.S.
Collaborative classification mechanism for privacy-Preserving on horizontally partitioned data

ABSTRACT We propose a novel two-party privacy-preserving classification solution called Collaborative Classification Mechanism for Privacy-preserving () over horizontally partitioned data that is inspired from the fact, that global and local learning can be independently executed in two parties. This model collaboratively trains the decision boundary from two hyper-planes individually constructed by its own privacy data and global data. can hide true data entries and ensure the two-parties' privacy. We describe its definition and provide an algorithm to predict future data point based on Goethals's Private Scalar Product Protocol. Moreover, we show that can be transformed into existing Minimax Probability Machine (MPM), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Maxi–Min Margin Machine () model when privacy data satisfy certain conditions. We also extend to a nonlinear classifier by exploiting kernel trick. Furthermore, we perform a series of evaluations on real-world benchmark data sets. Comparison with SVM from the point of protecting privacy demonstrates the advantages of our new model.
Two- and Four-Pole Multilayer SIW Filter with High Selectivity and Higher-Order Mode Suppression

Abstract This letter presents an approach to design two-pole source-load coupling and four-pole cross-coupling substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters based on multilayer process. Utilizing the field distribution, the vertical magnetic and electric coupling of fundamental mode is designed by suppressing the first spurious mode. Then, source-load and cross-coupling schemes are realized with controllable features in two-pole and four-pole filters, respectively. The harmonic passband produced by TE102 mode can be suppressed by proper coupling technique enabling the connection with TE102 mode in two- and four-pole filter designs, respectively. Three transmission zeros, which are derived from source-load coupling, are introduced around the passband of two-pole filter to improve its selectivity. In the four-pole filter design, a six-order cross-coupling scheme including source and load produces four transmission zeros around the passband, leading to a sharp selectivity. In addition, another transmission zero is generated at the adjacent location of the passband to improve the out-of-band rejection. Compared with conventional horizontally coupled filters made of single layer, the proposed filters show a compact size. To demonstrate the proposed design method, a two-pole and a four-pole double-layered SIW bandpass filters are fabricated and measured. Measured results show that the proposed filters exhibit high selectivity and good out-of-band rejection, as well as a good agreement between simulated and measured results.
Subcell Modeling of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Modules

Increased photovoltaic installations in densely built-up areas give rise to non-uniform irradiation causing partial shading. Non-uniform irradiation further leads to non-uniform temperature, leading to a reduction in output and the formation of deteriorating hotspots. A detailed model involving subcell level behavior is pivotal in understanding the impact of partial shading. In this paper, such a model is developed that analyzes the output of photovoltaic (PV) modules under different translucent and opaque shades while incorporating the diffused light effects. This model further includes the temperature variation of the module and also captures the bypass diode characteristics. The proposed model is experimentally validated for horizontal, vertical, slant, and patch shading patterns with varying shading intensities. This subcell model is shown to perform better than four existing methods of partial shading output prediction. It improves the output open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current prediction accuracy by more than 10% when compared with the average irradiance-based modeling approach, which is the best among the existing methods. Overall, an output prediction accuracy of more than 93% is achieved for opaque shading and more than 95% for translucent shading. As this paper provides the output of PV modules under partial shading, it finds direct application in partial shading detection, prevention of hotspots, and global maximum power point tracking, thereby enhancing their life and efficiency.
Towards Dual and Three-Channel Electrical Architecture Design for More-Electric Engines

In recent years, the More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) concept has undergone significant development and refinement, striving towards the attainment of reductions in noise and CO2 emissions, increased power transmission efficiency and improved reliability under a range of flight scenarios. The More-Electric Engine (MEE) is increasingly being seen as a key complementary system to the MEA. With this concept, conventional engine auxiliary systems (i.e. fuel pumps, oil pumps, actuators) will be replaced by electrically-driven equivalents, providing even greater scope for the combined aircraft and engine electrical power system optimisation and management. This concept, coupled with extraction of electrical power from multiple engine spools also has the potential to deliver significant fuel burn savings. To date, single or dual channel electrical power generation and distribution systems have been used in engines and aircrafts. However, with the increasing electrification of flight-critical engine auxiliaries along with the requirement for greater load transfer flexibility, a three-channel architecture should be considered. This paper investigates potential concepts for a three-channel power system architecture in an MEE system. The paper considers issues such as architecture layout and key technologies that may be considered for MEE architecture. Using an extensive database of public domain MEA/MEE power system component failure rates, a detailed fault tree analysis is then presented. This provides a quantitative comparison of dual channel and three-channel architecture candidates under the pertinent failure modes as well as showing the impact of common architecture features on system reliability and robustness. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the ring busbar topology operation and power electronics technology requirements that could successfully implement a flexible and robust three-channel architecture for MEE systems.
Principal Solutions for Sustainable Adaptive Facades Providing Suitable Indoor Environment for Inhabitants

Façade as a part of building envelope represents its dominant portion. The initial function of façade was to ensure safety for inhabitants against weather and animals. Growing interest in increasing the energy efficiency of buildings, caused mainly by oil crisis in the 70s, led to the development of scientific area, actually known as building physics. The goal established in the start was to design architectural, structural and material solutions that would lead to the reduction of building`s energy consumption coming from heating. The principle was to properly insulate the whole envelope avoiding thermal bridges and utilization of selected thermal insulating windows and doors. The trend of material development for thermal insulation composite systems is soaring, same as demands of society. What was in the past the main desire, reducing the energy consumption for heating, is now reflected in even higher requirements such as energy consumption for cooling. Minimizing thermal bridges and tightness of fenestration on the one side leads to savings on heating, but on the other hand, the heat coming mainly from sunlight, electric equipment, people and other resources is necessary to cover with enough cooling. Applying of reflexive glazing represents frequently used passive solution but also causes lack of natural daylight leads to higher energy consumption for artificial light despite large transparent walls. Energy savings made from reduction of air changes requires mechanical ventilation systems with the necessary of air treatment also consuming energy and in addition also requires regular maintenance. Modern solutions are based on adaptive façade which is capable to react on random meteorological changes to ensure reduction of energy flows through the façade. The paper discusses various conceptual solutions providing architectural intelligent and energy-friendly designs. Particular ideas offers protection against overheating, but same time allows penetrating natural daylight enough during all seasons. Elements of dynamic photovoltaic panels, aesthetically and effectively built-in façade, provide in addition to significant architectural look and also represent available source of pure energy supporting sustainable architecture.
Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials

Acylcarnitines are fatty acid metabolites that play important roles in many cellular energy metabolism pathways. They have historically been used as important diagnostic markers for inborn errors of fatty acid oxidation and are being intensively studied as markers of energy metabolism, deficits in mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation activity, insulin resistance, and physical activity. Acylcarnitines are increasingly being identified as important indicators in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, neurologic disorders, and certain cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug L-carnitine, along with short-chain acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine), is now widely used as a dietary supplement. In light of their growing importance, we have undertaken an extensive review of acylcarnitines and provided a detailed description of their identity, nomenclature, classification, biochemistry, pathophysiology, supplementary use, potential drug targets, and clinical trials. We also summarize these updates in the Human Metabolome Database, which now includes information on the structures, chemical formulae, chemical/spectral properties, descriptions, and pathways for 1240 acylcarnitines. This work lays a solid foundation for identifying, characterizing, and understanding acylcarnitines in human biosamples. We also discuss the emerging opportunities for using acylcarnitines as biomarkers and as dietary interventions or supplements for many wide-ranging indications. The opportunity to identify new drug targets involved in controlling acylcarnitine levels is also discussed. Significance Statement This review provides a comprehensive overview of acylcarnitines, including their nomenclature, structure and biochemistry, and use as disease biomarkers and pharmaceutical agents. We present updated information contained in the Human Metabolome Database website as well as substantial mapping of the known biochemical pathways associated with acylcarnitines, thereby providing a strong foundation for further clarification of their physiological roles.
Bio-inspired orderly recruitment valve for fluidic artificial muscles

The objective of this research is to design and analyze a novel hydraulic orderly recruitment valve (ORV) for actuation of fluidic artificial muscle (FAM) systems. More recently artificial muscles are gaining popularity due to their increased efficiency by employing strategies such as variable muscle recruitment. Variable recruitment employs selective recruitment of muscles depending on the load, akin to mammalian muscles. However, existing active variable recruitment systems use as many valves as the muscle actuators in the system. The proposed design of the ORV enables orderly recruitment of multiple FAMs in the system using a single valve. Modeling and analysis of the ORV is carried out to characterize its behavior and understand the dynamics of the system. The analytical model of the ORV is simulated along with an equivalent multi-valve setup to compare the abilities of both the systems to track a prescribed trajectory.
Echocardiographic Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue with Ascending Aorta Elasticity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor located between the myocardium and visceral pericardium. In order to investigate the association between EAT and ascending aorta elasticity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we prospectively enrolled a total of 135 T2DM patients and 63 age- and gender-matched non-T2DM controls in this study. They all underwent transthoracic echocardiography to measure EAT thickness and ascending aorta inner diameters which were used to calculate ascending aorta elastic parameters: compliance (C), distensibility (D), strain (S), stiffness index (SI), and Peterson’s elastic modulus (EM). We found that the values of C, D, and S were significantly lower, while SI, EM, and EAT thickness were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with non-T2DM controls. Compared with T2DM patients with EAT < 5 mm group, C, D, and S were significantly reduced, SI and EM were significantly increased in T2DM patients with EAT ≥ 5 mm group (all P < .05). Bivariate correlation and multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that EAT was independently associated with ascending aorta elasticity. Our findings suggest that thickened EAT in patients with T2DM is associated with ascending aorta elasticity, independent of blood glucose.
The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity to Assess Functional Cognition in Parkinson Disease

The Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA) may improve understanding of functional cognition in people with Parkinson disease (PwPD) without dementia. We aimed to determine if WCPA performance (a) discriminates between PwPD with and without cognitive impairment and healthy controls and (b) correlates with other indicators of cognition and daily function. This was a cross-sectional study. Parkinson disease (PD) participants without dementia were divided into normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 25) and possible mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 21) groups. Their WCPA performance was compared with that of a normative sample (n = 196) and correlated with neuropsychological test performance and self-reported cognition and participation. Both the PD-MCI and PD-NC groups had impaired WCPA performance. WCPA performance correlated with executive function, processing speed, and self-reported cognition and participation. The WCPA can detect functional cognitive deficits in PwPD without dementia and can inform occupational therapy interventions to support functional cognition, occupational performance, and participation in this population.