Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of the nutrition quality and environmental impact

Modern "Omic" technologies are increasingly used to isolate biomarkers of the nutrition model. In order to find the impact markers of the food quality and environment on the metabolic profile of preschoolers from two territories with different ecology (main group (Preschool Educational Institution 1) and comparison group (Preschool Educational Institution 2)), a nutrition assessment was carried out (data analysis of the cyclic two-week menu for the Preschool Educational Institution and nutrition outside the Preschool Educational Institution). The results of the food set assessment and the nutritional value of the menu were compared with the norms established by the requirements of legislation and medical recommendations. The content of organic acids in the urine of 60 children was analyzed to identify markers of environmental exposure, metabolic disorders of macro- and micronutrients using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It was found that the menu of the Preschool Educational Institution 1 was more rational in terms of the food set in comparison with the menu of the Preschool Educational Institution 2. The menu of the Preschool Educational Institution 2 had insufficient levels of macronutrients necessary for normal metabolism, such as proteins by 1.7%, vegetable fats by 22%, including PUFA by 1.9%, dietary fiber by 10.9%, as well as micronutrients vitamins B1 by 25.9%, PP by 15.2%, and calcium by 18.2%. In the Preschool Educational Institution 1 there was deficiency in the amount of vegetable fats by 8%, vitamin B1 by 13%, and calcium by 19.4%. Analysis of organic acid biomarker data showed that the lowest titer values of markers for branched amino acid metabolism deficiency (valine, leucine, isoleucine) were detected for 3-hydroxy-isovalerian (leucine metabolite) acid in the children of the Preschool Educational Institution 1. However, the average values don’t significantly differ (p=0.7). Correlation analysis showed the relationship between the content of nutrients and organic acids in the urine of the children. A high amount of organic acids, markers of vitamin B6, B9, and B12 deficiency were identified in children of both groups. The titers of markers of sulfur-containing amino acids (2-hydroxybutyric and pyroglutamic acids) are higher in children of the Preschool Educational Institution 1, which indicates the need for them in detoxification reactions.
New Geographies of Water and Climate Change in Peru: Coupled Natural and Social Transformations in the Santa River Watershed

Projections of future water shortages in the world's glaciated mountain ranges have grown increasingly dire. Although water modeling research has begun to examine changing environmental parameters, the inclusion of social scenarios has been very limited. Yet human water use and demand are vital for long-term adaptation, risk reduction, and resource allocation. Concerns about future water supplies are particularly pronounced on Peru's arid Pacific slope, where upstream glacier recession has been accompanied by rapid and water-intensive economic development. Models predict water shortages decades into the future, but conflicts have already arisen in Peru's Santa River watershed due to either real or perceived shortages. Modeled thresholds do not align well with historical realities and therefore suggest that a broader analysis of the combined natural and social drivers of change is needed to more effectively understand the hydrologic transformation taking place across the watershed. This article situates these new geographies of water and climate change in Peru within current global change research discussions to demonstrate how future coupled research models can inform broader scale questions of hydrologic change and water security across watersheds and regions. We provide a coupled historical analysis of glacier recession in the Cordillera Blanca, declining Santa River discharge, and alpine wetland contraction. We also examine various water withdrawal mechanisms, including smallholder agriculture, mining, potable water use, hydroelectric power generation, and coastal irrigation. We argue that both ecological change and societal forces will play vital roles in shaping the future of water resources and water governance in the region.
Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Bangladesh- A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a serious health problem in children and adolescents as the prevalence of obesity is increasing. Objective: To observe the baseline clinical and laboratory findings and treatment modalities of children and adolescents with newly diagnosed T2D. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was done from Jan- Dec.2017 in Changing Diabetes in Children (CDiC), Paediatric diabetes OPD clinic in BIRDEM among newly diagnosed T2D children and adolescents. Results: Among 68 patients majority were female (64.7%). Mean age was 13.1 ± 2.5 years. Ten patients were below 10 years. Most of the patients were from urban & semi urban area and high to middle socioeconomic status. Family history was present in 91.2% and 22.1 % mother had H/O GDM. Forty two patients (61.8%) had typical and 22 (32.3%) had atypical symptoms. Thirty seven children had acanthosis nigricans (54.4%). Majority were found overweight (53/68), and (12/68) were obese. Mean HbA1c was 10.2 ± 2.8. Life style modification was advised to all. Insulin was started along with metformin in patients with high HbA1c and 33.8% patients were given metformin only. While comparing, BMI was found high in basal and metformin group. Lower fasting blood glucose and HbA1c were observed in patients with metformin only. Conclusion: T2D is emerging in children and adolescents. The screening of children at high risk of T2D is essential for preventive and timely remedial measures. BANGLADESH J CHILD HEALTH 2022; VOL 46 (1) : 9-13
Testing the red edge channel for improving land-use classifications based on high-resolution multi-spectral satellite data

The incorporation of a red edge channel in multi-spectral satellite sensors has potential for improving land-use classification, as the related electromagnetic spectrum is specifically sensitive to vegetation chlorophyll content. RapidEye is the first high-resolution multi-spectral satellite system that operationally provides a red edge channel. The objective of this study is to test the potential of the RapidEye red edge channel for improving the classification of land use, investigated at a study site west of Berlin. Based on a scene from July 2009, supervised land-use classifications were performed using different sets of spectral feature input, including and excluding red edge information. The algorithms used are support vector machine and maximum likelihood. The results indicate that the incorporation of red edge information can increase classification accuracy. The highest positive effects are observed for vegetation classes in open landscapes, e.g. for bush vegetation.
Spiritual Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Nomophobia: A Randomized Controlled trial

Nomophobia has emerged as a new psychological issue in the modern world, indicating an increasing prevalence among young people. Therefore, there is a need for interventions to reduce nomophobic behavior. This study aimed to examine whether spiritual mindfulness intervention is effective in reducing individuals' levels of nomophobia. A randomized controlled trial was employed in this research, comparing pre-test, post-test, and follow-up scores between the experimental and control groups. A total of 60 participants voluntarily participated in 15 sessions of spiritual mindfulness. The participants in this study are Moslem, aged between 21 to 24, consisting of 50 (83.33%) females and 10 (16.67%) males. All participants are students of a private university in Yogyakarta. Independent t-tests and general linear models were used to analyze the data. The results of this study demonstrate that spiritual mindfulness intervention has an impact on reducing individual nomophobia levels in the experimental group. Meanwhile, individuals in the control group showed an increase in their nomophobic behavior. In conclusion, spiritual mindfulness intervention is effective in reducing nomophobia levels by 70.8%, as indicated by the partial eta squared value. Further explanations of the psychological dynamics are detailed in this article.
Memory representations in a cross-modal matching task: evidence for a verbal component

In everyday tasks, one often uses touch to find what has been seen. Recent research has identified that when individuals view or touch an object, they may create a verbal memory representation; however, this research involved object naming, which may have prompted the use of verbal strategies. Research has also identified variability in memory representations for objects, which may indicate individual differences. To investigate memory representations and their associations with individual differences in cognitive styles, we measured the cognitive styles of 127 participants and had them complete a non-verbal matching task without distractors, or with verbal or visual distractors. In the task, they viewed an object and then touched an object – or vice versa - and indicated whether the objects were the same or different. On trials where different objects were presented, participants responded consistently more slowly and made more matching errors for similar objects compared to distinct objects. Importantly, higher scores on the verbalizer cognitive style predicted faster reaction times on the matching task across all trial types and distraction conditions. Overall, this indicates that cross-modal object processing in short-term memory may be facilitated by a verbal code.
Preliminary study on friction stir spot welding of plastic sheets with non-metallic tools

In recent years, 3D printing technology of engineering plastics is often used in various fields to develop prototypes of parts. Friction stir spot welding of lap joints of different engineering plastics has considerable potential for industrial applications. This study used a self-developed non-metallic tool to successfully form the PLA joints on a modified conventional drilling machine. The results show the average downward force and average welding torque decreased with increasing the rotating speeds and dwell times. The stir zone width is slightly increased with increasing the rotating speed, and its signification increased with the dwell time. The increase in stir zone width on the different rotating speeds and the dwell times is similar to the increasing trend in average temperature. The average temperature multiplied by the dwell time defined as the bonding factors is similar to the diffusion bonding. The stir zone width is increased with increasing the bonding factor because there has still some distance between the shoulder to the lap surface, the stir action by the shoulder is not easy riches to the lap surface, so the stir zone only occurs within the FSP zone and the stir zone width never exceeds the shoulder diameter.
Antiplatelet Effect of Melatonin through Breastfeeding: A Pediatric Case Report

We present a pediatric case of the antiplatelet effect of melatonin taken through breast milk in an 18-month-old child. The child was referred to our hematology outpatient clinic because of bleeding episodes that she presented since birth. Blood tests excluded the presence of blood coagulation diseases. The family history was negative for bleeding disorders. The child did not consume any drugs, food supplements, herbal teas or infusions. We performed an aggregation platelet test, which showed a reduced platelet aggregation. Shortly before, the baby had been breastfed. We speculated that breast milk could interfere with the result of the test; therefore, we decided to repeat the test in a fasting state. This time the test showed a normal platelet aggregation time. We learned that the child’s mother was taking a mixture of valerian and melatonin. Thus, we decided to suspend maternal intake of melatonin and perform a new platelet aggregation test after three months. The test results were negative. After the suspension of melatonin, the patient did not present further bleeding events. In this case, melatonin, through the inhibition of platelet aggregation, had an important role on the hemostatic system of the child. Melatonin is considered as a dietary supplement and is mostly available as an alternative medicine without formal prescription and dosage regulation. It is important, especially during breastfeeding, to investigate personal and medication history, including also homeopathic remedies or dietary supplements.
Regional Distribution and Monitoring of Bats, Especially Species of Conservation Concern, Along the Lower Missouri River in South Dakota.

Regional Distribution and Monitoring of Bats, Especially Species of Conservation Concern, Along the Lower Missouri River in South Dakota. Brandon Terry Bales July 2007 Mist netting, and acoustic surveys for bats were conducted along the Missouri River and it’s tributaries in South Dakota during 2005 and 2006. Seventeen areas were sampled, fifteen of which had not be previous surveyed. One hundred sixty-three bats were captured, representing 7 species. Distribution, morphometric, reproductive, recapture, and capture rate data for the region are presented. As a result Lasiurus cinereus and Lasionycteris noctivagans are likely summer residents in the region, and Myotis ciliolabrum may be present. Species accumulation curves were compiled for eight areas that were repeatedly sampled. Two asymptotic models were fitted to these curves to estimate the effort required to determine bat species richness. The species accumulation models fit capture data well (r > 0.7681). The resulting recommended minimum sampling effort is 284 net-hours: approximately 5 nets set up for 4 hours for 14 nights or 70 net-nights. A minimum-effort guideline is important due to the status of bats, the need for better management, and the pervasiveness of short-term predevelopment surveys by wind energy companies in this region. It is concluded, however, that minimum-effort should not be the goal. Radio-tagging/tracking was also conducted. The roosting
Portafolio reflexivo: una propuesta para la enseñanza de la Metodología Cualitativa

Este articulo presenta una propuesta pedagogica para la ensenanza de la Metodologia Cualitativa en educacion superior, basada en un enfoque teorico-practico mediante la utilizacion debun portafolio digital. Ello facilita la integracion de los aprendizajes en este campo, que suele ser dificil para los/as estudiantes de pregrado. El diseno intruccional fue aplicado a las dos carreras de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades de la Universidad Autonoma de Chile, sede Talca. Se comprobo una alta tasa de aprobacion y correlacion significativa entre los niveles de asistencia y las calificaciones obtenidas. La evaluacion estudiantil destaco el caracter sistematico y colaborativo de esta practica, indicando mejoras posibles para futuras experiencias. Nuestros resultados sugieren que integrar teoria y practica a lo largo de todo el curso favorece mejores resultados academicos en el curso de metodologia; no obstante, la comunicabilidad de los criterios de evaluacion debe ser mejorada.
Contribution à la modélisation multi-échelle du comportement mécanique des matériaux rocheux

L'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier les effets de microstructures sur les comportements mecaniques macroscopiques des geomateriaux heterogenes. Profitant de la methode numerique basee sur la Transformee de Fourier Rapide (TFR), les microstructures complexes de geomateriaux peuvent etre simulees aussi proche que possible de la vraie microstructure. Avec des calculs en champ complet, les contraintes et les deformations locales sont fournies a l’echelle microscopique. Cette caracteristique permet de surmonter les hypotheses fortes sur la microstructure par des approches traditionnelles d'homogeneisation. Matrix-inclusion composites avec microstructures differentes sont d'abord etudies. Les influences de la forme, la taille, la distribution et l'orientation des inclusions sur le comportement macroscopique sont prises en compte. Ensuite, ce modele numerique base sur TFR est applique a l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien qui est traitee comme une matrice elastoplastique renforce par des grains elastiques de quartz et de calcite. Avec une regle d'ecoulement non associe dans la matrice, les effets de grains spheriques de mineraux sont explicitement pris en compte. Ce modele est en outre etendu par la consideration du processus de deterioration progressive due a la croissance de microfissures. Apres cela, les effets de pores (formes, tailles, orientations et distributions) sur le comportement effectif de materiaux poreux sont consideres. A titre d'exemple, un geomateriau poreux typique le gres a ete etudie en detail. En outre, la deterioration autour des pores et des regions interagies sont simulees avec un critere simple d’endommagement pour l'evolution des pores et le phenomene de degradation est entierement expose. Les comparaisons entre les resultats numeriques et les donnees experimentales verifient l'efficacite et la precision de cette methode numerique basee sur TFR pour les geomateriaux heterogenes.
An apparent hiatus in global warming?

Global warming first became evident beyond the bounds of natural variability in the 1970s, but increases in global mean surface temperatures have stalled in the 2000s. Increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide, create an energy imbalance at the top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) even as the planet warms to adjust to this imbalance, which is estimated to be 0.5–1 W m−2 over the 2000s. Annual global fluctuations in TOA energy of up to 0.2 W m−2 occur from natural variations in clouds, aerosols, and changes in the Sun. At times of major volcanic eruptions the effects can be much larger. Yet global mean surface temperatures fluctuate much more than these can account for. An energy imbalance is manifested not just as surface atmospheric or ground warming but also as melting sea and land ice, and heating of the oceans. More than 90% of the heat goes into the oceans and, with melting land ice, causes sea level to rise. For the past decade, more than 30% of the heat has apparently penetrated below 700 m depth that is traceable to changes in surface winds mainly over the Pacific in association with a switch to a negative phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in 1999. Surface warming was much more in evidence during the 1976–1998 positive phase of the PDO, suggesting that natural decadal variability modulates the rate of change of global surface temperatures while sea‐level rise is more relentless. Global warming has not stopped; it is merely manifested in different ways.
Belgian marine geosciences in the Grand Challenges: grand challenges in the Belgian marine geosciences

The "Grand Challenges in Ocean and Polar Sciences" initiated by ECOPS are likely to convey to European ocean and polar sciences a new momentum. The 1992 Obernai meeting fostered a series of Euroconferences, which defined objectives in ice coring, arctic science, deepsea research, ocean and coastal forecasting and in biodiversity research (fig. 1). The scale of investment considered in each of these major ventures should be of the order of 50 MECU, over a period of 10 years. The recommendations of the Euroconferences were endorsed by a general assembly in Bremen in October 1994.
Sick water?. The central role of wastewater management in sustainable development. A rapid response assessment

Disclaimer The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP, UN-HABITAT or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, UN-HABITAT or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, company or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. UNEP promotes environmentally sound practices globally and in its own activities. This publication is printed on fully recycled paper, FSC certified, post-consumer waste and chlorine-free. Inks are vegetable-based and coatings are water-based. Our distribution policy aims to reduce UNEP's carbon footprint. A RAPID RESPONSE ASSESSMENT 4 5 Over half of the world's hospitals beds are occupied with people suffering from illnesses linked with contaminated water and more people die as a result of polluted water than are killed by all forms of violence including wars. The impact on the wider environment is no less striking. An estimated 90 per cent of all wastewater in developing countries is discharged untreated directly into rivers, lakes or the oceans. Such discharges are part of the reason why de-oxygenated dead zones are growing rapidly in the seas and oceans. Currently an estimated 245 000 km 2 of marine ecosystems are affected with impacts on fisheries, livelihoods and the food chain. The climate is also being impacted: Wastewater-related emissions of methane, a powerful global warming gas, and another called nitrous oxide could rise by 50 per cent and 25 per cent respectively between 1990 and 2020. Already, half of the world's population lives in cities, most of which have inadequate infrastructure and resources to address wastewater management in an efficient and sustainable way. Twenty-one of the world's 33 megacities are on the coast where fragile ecosystems are at risk. Without urgent action to better manage wastewater the situation is likely to get worse: By 2015, the coastal population is expected to reach approximately 1.6 billion people or over one fifth of the global total with close to five billion people becoming urban dwellers by 2030. By 2050 the global population will exceed nine billion. Some of these trends are inevitable. However the world does have choices in terms of the quantity and the quality of discharges to rivers and seas if a sustainable link is made from farms, rural areas and cities to the ecosystems surrounding them. …
Magnetic Field Signatures of Intermediate-sized Impact Craters on Mars

Magnetic field signatures over impact craters provide constraints for the history of the Martian dynamo. Due to limitations of the spatial resolution of magnetic field models, previous studies primarily focused on large impact craters (mostly ≥ 500 km in diameter). To fill the impact crater age gaps of previous studies, we investigate the magnetic field signature of 23 intermediate-sized craters (150–500 km in diameter) on Mars using both MAVEN data and a magnetic field model. Ten impact craters located in the South Province, the unmagnetized primordial crust, exhibit no or weak magnetic field signatures. The other 13 impact craters produce stronger magnetic anomalies, with the ratio of the averaged magnetic field inside and outside the craters (B in/B out) ranging from 0.4 to 1.2. The B in/B out values exhibit correlation coefficients of −0.54, −0.57, and −0.69 with the diameters of craters, calculated from the MAVEN data, the crustal field model at the surface, and 150 km altitude, respectively. A B in/B out larger than 1.0 usually appears in craters with smaller diameters, which is also demonstrated by the forward modeling in this study. Furthermore, the results of the forward modeling indicate that the craters of stronger magnetizations show a larger B in/B out. According to this, the Martian dynamo can be associated with the magnetization of craters of different ages, and the characteristic time of the dynamo can be limited. Our study supports the hypothesis that the Martian dynamo weakened or ceased at ∼4.0 Ga and a late dynamo was perhaps active at ∼3.7 Ga.