Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Granular memory and its effect on the triggering and distribution of rock avalanche events

[1] Rock avalanches are uncommon, large, catastrophic events in which granular masses of rock flow at high speeds, commonly with unusually long runouts. Necessary conditions for rock avalanche occurrence include high relief, steep slopes, and a prefractured (granular) groundmass. An additional parameter, antecedent shear of the granular mass in the direction of failure, may be prerequisite. In many instances the basement mass of the eventual landslide underwent internal strain subparallel to the direction of mass wasting, commonly focused along a basal surface (e.g., fault). New experimental data from laboratory experiments indicate that shear of a granular mass produces subtle anisotropy in grain arrangements that strongly affects the subsequent distribution of deformation and rearrangement, the failure threshold, and the rate at which steady state conditions are reached. This phenomenon may help to explain the spatial clustering of rock avalanche deposits. If memory of prior shear is also relevant on larger scales, taking deformation history into account could greatly enhance prediction of rock avalanche occurrence.
Developing a modern pollen–climate calibration data set for Norway

Bjune, A. E. , Birks, H. J. B. , Peglar, S. M. & Odland, A. 2010: Developing a modern pollen–climate calibration data set for Norway. Boreas, Vol. 39, pp. 674–688. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2010. 00158.x. ISSN 0300‐9483.
Measurements of sea spikes in microwave backscatter at moderate incidence

Previous authors have associated large events, or “sea spikes”, in the radar cross section of the sea surface with steep or breaking waves. Here we present a method based on an intensity threshold and the mean Doppler frequency to identify and quantify sea spikes likely to be associated with large-scale wave breaking. This method is applied to microwave measurements of Ku band made with a dual-polarized Doppler scatterometer at a moderate incidence angle (45°) from a fixed platform in the North Sea. For VV and HH polarization the mean normalized radar cross section σ0, the frequency of sea spike occurrence N, and the sea spike contribution to the mean normalized radar cross section, σSS0, are correlated with direct measurements of the friction velocity, u*, in the range 13 ≤ u* ≤ 49 cm s−1. The friction velocity exponents for both N and σSS0 indicate an approximately cubic dependence, while the residual radar cross section σres0 = σ0 - σSS is approximately proportional to friction velocity for u* greater than approximately 20 cm s−1. At high friction velocities, (u* ≈ 40–50 cm s−1) these data show that the contribution of large sea spikes to the mean radar cross section for measurements between 25° and 45° relative to the wind is in the range of 5–10% for VV polarization and 10–20% for HH polarization.
Food Science of Animal Resources

This study mainly investigated the improvement effect of nitroso-hemoglobin (NO-Hb) and four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Streptococcus thermophiles, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, and Montessori enterococcus) on the color and microbiological qualities of raw beef. Three strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, and Pseudomonas were used as pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that both NO-Hb and LAB could enhance the color stability and scavenged the spoilage bacteria in a minced beef model. But the improvement effect of NO-Hb was more significant than LAB. This suggested that NO-Hb, as a novel ingredient, could be used as a promising substitute for nitrite in meat products to improve the color and safety of meat products. In addition, low field (LF)-NMR method has been established to be practicable to identify changes in the relaxation times of water and fat caused by different type of bacteria and the storage periods. The number of relaxation components in minced beef was affected by bacteria and increase of the storage period.
Community based adaptation to climate change: the Arabana

Abstract The Arabana Climate Change Adaptation project is a collaboration between the Arabana people and the University of Adelaide, South Australia. Arabana people live in the Lake Eyre region, Marree, Oodnadatta, Coober Pedy, Alice Springs, Port Augusta, Adelaide and Darwin. The project was a multi method, cross cultural and inter-disciplinary adaptation project which aimed to assess the resilience and vulnerability of the Arabana people and then develop adaptation options. Project dimensions included production of a peer reviewed science report, an assessment of adaptive capacity via interrogation of wellness, governance and ICT, and conduct of a risk perception values analysis and adaptation workshops. Results suggest that Arabana people have a history of adaptation and are relatively resilient to change, yet Arabana country is highly vulnerable. The Arabana strategy was built around trying to make connections between these two elements. Adaptation options in the strategy include establishment of cultural centres in every place and city where Arabana people live, setting up economic businesses in tourism and pastoralism, moving back to country, establishing cultural camps, revitalisation programs and the establishment of ranger, land management and monitoring and research programs. The Arabana Climate Change Adaptation project is a collaboration between the Arabana people and the University of Adelaide, South Australia. Arabana people live in the Lake Eyre region, Marree, Oodnadatta, Coober Pedy, Alice Springs, Port Augusta, Adelaide and Darwin. The project was a multi method, cross cultural and inter-disciplinary adaptation project which aimed to assess the resilience and vulnerability of the Arabana people and then develop adaptation options. Project dimensions included production of a peer reviewed science report, an assessment of adaptive capacity via interrogation of wellness, governance and ICT, and conduct of a risk perception values analysis and adaptation workshops. Results suggest that Arabana people have a history of adaptation and are relatively resilient to change, yet Arabana country is highly vulnerable. The Arabana strategy was built around trying to make connections between these two elements. Adaptation options in the strategy include establishment of cultural centres in every place and city where Arabana people live, setting up economic businesses in tourism and pastoralism, moving back to country, establishing cultural camps, revitalisation programs and the establishment of ranger, land management and monitoring and research programs. Please cite this report as: Nursey-Bray, M, Fergie, D, Arbon, V, Rigney, L, Palmer, R, Tibby, J, Harvey, N, Hackworth, L 2013 Community based adaptation to climate change: The Arabana, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, Gold Coast, pp. 133
Food Science of Animal Resources

The emergence and persistence of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock animals have been reported as a potential risk factor for transmission to humans. In this study, we investigated the nationwide prevalence and characteristics of MRSA and MSSA in the Korean beef production system, including retail markets, slaughterhouses, and cattle farms. From a total of 1,285 samples, only 5 MRSA strains were isolated: from a farmer (1 ST72 MRSA), a carcass sample from a slaughterhouse (1 ST72 MRSA), and beef cattle (3 ST5 MRSA). In addition, 11 MSSA strains were isolated from beef cattle (n=3), humans (1 farmer, 1 slaughterhouse worker, and 4 retail market workers), and carcass samples (n=1) and slaughterhouse environment (n=1). Although the prevalence of MRSA and MSSA in beef cattle was much lower than that reported in pigs, 5/5 MRSA and 2/11 MSSA strains displayed multiple drug resistance (MDR) phenotypes. Unlike the swineassociated MRSA, no correlation was found between tetracycline/zinc resistance and MDR phenotype. However, MRSA strains had an identical set of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited enhanced levels of resistance to antimicrobial peptides (PMAP-36 and LL-37) compared to the MSSA strains. In conclusion, continued and systemic surveillance of livestock, meat products, and humans in close contact with livestock/meat products is necessary to prevent the transmission of MRSA and MSSA to humans.
Food Science of Animal Resources

Various commercial collagen mixtures aimed at improving the quality of meat products are available, but the optimal composition is unclear. This study aimed to compare the functional properties, including physicochemical characteristics and lipid oxidative stability, of loin ham marinated with three commercial collagen mixtures sold as food additives. The addition of collagen mixtures led to significant increases in the moisture content, water holding capacity (WHC), cooking yield, and instrumental tenderness, regardless of the type of collagen mixture. In particular, meat samples containing collagen mixture C showed the highest (p<0.05) WHC and tenderness among all groups. Furthermore, collagen mixture B induced increases (p<0.05) in pH values in both raw and cooked samples. The a* values of samples with collagen mixtures were lower (p<0.05) than those of samples without collagen mixtures. All collagen mixtures effectively improved oxidative stability during 7 days of storage at 4°C. The samples containing collagen mixture B had the lowest lipid oxidation (p<0.05) among groups. These results indicated that collagen mixture C could be used in injection brine to enhance the quality characteristics of meat products, particularly the WHC and tenderness. Collagen mixture A could be used for meat products with high fat contents based on its ability to improve lipid oxidative stability during long-term storage.
Seasonal and sunspot-cycle changes in the day-to-day variability of Sq

SUMMARY A study has been made of seasonal and sunspot-cycle changes in the day-to-day variability of Sq, using data from magnetic observatories for which long runs exist. For sunspot-cycle changes, the absolute variability, as measured by the standard deviation (sd) of the range, increases from sunspot minimum to sunspot maximum. However, the ratio of sd to range, arguably a more meaningful parameter physically, is generally smaller at sunspot maximum than sunspot minimum. This is interpreted to show that the fractional variability in dynamo winds is less at sunspot maximum than sunspot minimum. The seasonal changes of variability show consistent global patterns, including an interesting hemispheric asymmetry.
Food Science of Animal Resources

Xinjiang province is the main camel feeding area in China with a large square, and camel milk from different areas have different qualities. By now, there are few reports about the quality of camel milk from different areas of Xinjiang province in China. In this study, seven batches of camel milk and one batch of cow milk were collected, and the contents of fat, protein, lactose, total solid, and nonfat milk solid of these milk samples were determined, as well as the contents of lysozyme and vitamin C. All samples were scored and compared by principal component analysis score and comprehensive weighted multi-index score. As the results, camel milk from different areas showed different contents of fat (4.62%–7.02%), protein (3.34%–3.95%), lactose (3.85%–4.79%), total solid (13.59%–17.00%), nonfat milk solid (8.55%–9.73%), vitamin C (12.10–41.25 μg/mL), and lysozyme (8.70–22.80 μg/mL), as well as different qualities. This variation would help people to know more about quanlity of camel milk in Xinjiang province. Camel milk from Jeminay showed the best quality, and then followed by camel milk from Fukang, Changji, and Fuhai, while cow milk showed the lowest score. Therefore, Jeminay is the most suitable place for grazing camels. Our findings show the different qualities of camel milk in different distribution areas of Xinjiang province, and provide an insight for the evaluation of camel milk. In the present study, only seven components in camel milk were determined, many other factors, such as cfu, mineral, and other vitamins, have not been considered.
The Crawford Field, Block 9/28a, UK North Sea

Abstract The Crawford Field was discovered in 1975 in UK Block 9/28 and the first oil was produced in April 1989. The field has a complex structural history. The reservoir is located on a down-faulted, westward tilting faultblock along the western margin of the Viking Graben. The eastern margin of the faultblock is severely truncated at Base Cretaceous level. The main producing zones comprise Middle Jurassic (Brent Group equivalent) and Triassic (Skagerrak Formation) sandstones. The seal is formed by Cretaceous marls and limestones. Reservoir quality and thickness are extremely variable, and drainage areas are limited. The reservoir fluid is a medium gravity oil having a thin gas cap. Oil in-place is in the order of 130 MMBBL but recovery factors are expected to be low.
Food Science of Animal Resources

In this study, the Opuntia humifusa f. jeollaensis (Wanggasi-Chunnyuncho) fruit (WCF) was used as a source of viscous dietary fiber and color pigmentation in sausage production to improve quality characteristics, including cooking loss and emulsion stability. Control and treatment sausages were formulated with 0%, 1%, 5%, and 10% WCF powder, respectively, and the following quality measures were investigated: general composition, fiber content, cooking loss, emulsion stability, chromaticity, pH, texture, and sensory properties. The moisture, dietary fiber, and ash contents showed increasing trends (all p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of fruit powder. Conversely, crude protein and crude fat contents exhibited decreasing trends with increasing fruit powder concentrations (p<0.05). Moreover, both the moisture and dietary fiber contents affected cooking loss, water retention capacity, and the sausage texture, causing the cooking loss to decrease, while the water and oil retention capacity increased (p<0.05) with increasing concentrations of WCF powder. Furthermore, hardness exhibited a significant decreasing trend as the concentration of WCF powder increased (p<0.05). This finding suggested that both dietary fiber and viscous materials, along with the protein and moisture content, affected the product hardness. In addition, sensory evaluation of the WCF powder groups showed better results than did the control group, and the strongest results obtained for the group containing 5% fruit powder (p<0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that WCF powder improves the quality of emulsified sausages and can potentially be applied as a naturally-derived additive.
Food Science of Animal Resources

Consumer’s interest in sustainable livestock farming methods has grown in response to concerns for the environment and animal welfare. The purpose of this study is to examine the different influences of sustainability product information on sensory characteristics and purchase behaviors. To accomplish this aim, the study used salami, which is an Italian-style sausage processed by fermentation and drying. Three different types of information were provided: salami made from the pork of an antibiotic-free pig (SMAFP), of an animal welfare pig (SMAWP), and of a grazing pig (SMGP). This study was conducted as an off-line experiment with Korean participants (n=140). As a result, there were sensory differences according to the sustainability information. For the SMAFP, it had a significant difference in, sourness (p<0.05). With the SMAWP, there was a difference in gumminess (p<0.10), and the SMGP had significant differences in sourness (p<0.01), sweetness (p<0.01), andmoisture (p<0.05). Moreover, the purchase intention and willingness to pay were significantly higher when the sustainability information was given. Especially, among the three types of salamis, participants were willing to pay the most for the SMAWP. This is one of the first consumer studies to investigate sensory evaluation and purchase behavior for various types of sustainable livestock production. These results contribute by helping sustainable meat producers and marketers become aware of the kind of sustainable information to which consumers are sensitive.
Translation, Adaptation And Validation Of Beliefs About Dreams Questionnaire In Urdu Language

The purpose of this article is to present the translation, adaptation and validation process of the Beliefs About Dreams Questionnaire (BADQ) in Urdu language for the Pakistani context. Forward and backward translation procedure by Brislin (1976) was carried out. A sample of 510 people participated in the study. Before forward translation, item number 24 was divided in two separate items. Two Items (item nos: 25 and 26) were excluded from the scale and two new items (item nos: 26 and 27) have been introduced in factor “Dream Superstition”. During reconciliation of items some items (item nos: 4, 11, 13 and 16) were rephrased on the expert’s opinion. Eight items (item nos: 8,14, 15,19,21,22,23 and 25) were deleted due to item loading <. 30. Confirmatory factor analysis showed excellent model fit of the data with a five factor structure. The final model of the scale with 19 items showed good model fit with . 35–. 71 range of the factor loading. Alpha coefficient of subscales ranged from . 60 to . 70. Positive correlation of the translated and adapted scale with original scale (r= .96, p<.01) provided cross language validity evidence.
Re-energizing Watermills for Multipurpose Use and Improved Rural Livelihoods

Abstract Abundant rivers, streams, rivulets, and lakes are found in the Indian mountain region; ultimately, they flow down to meet the water needs of the population residing in the plains. Adequate efforts have not been made to harness the water resources that originate in the Himalayan region in order to address the increased need for small-scale energy for local use and sustainable livelihoods among the population living in remote and inaccessible mountain areas. Most of these areas are still without electricity, which plays a vital role in the development of any society. There is a need to ensure that local communities can benefit from energy just like people in the plains: they need to be empowered to tap and make the best use of local water resources, based on traditional knowledge of techniques to do this and improvement of time-tested technologies for better efficiency. This will allow them to produce added value and enhance their livelihood options.
Mineral Nutrient Accumulation during Fruit Growth of Mango(Mangifera indica L.)

OF THESIS Title of the reserch work : ”Mineral nutrient accumulation during fruit growth of mango( Mangifea indica L. )” Name of the student : Rajni Sinha Registration No. : M/Hort/48/BAC/2012-13 Degree of Programme : M.Sc.(Ag.) Major Subject : Pomology Minor Subject : Soil Science Major Advisor : Dr. U.S. Jaiswal Year : 2014 Name of University : Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar ABSTRACT The interpretation of fruit analysis must consider many factors that may influence foliar nutrient levels, seasonal differences related to rainfall, fruit load, pruning, age, variety, rootstock, nutritional interaction and nutrient removal. Information about the nutritional status of a plant is a basic prerequisite for its adequate nutrition and crucial to achieve high yield productivity. Assessing the annual amount of nutrient that tree needs to absorb in order to successfully complete a vegetative and reproductive growth is a fundamental step for developing rational fertilization in orchards. Accordingly the investigation entitled “Mineral nutrient accumulation during fruit growth of mango (Mangifea indica L)” was carried out in the department of horticulture fruit and fruit technology BAC, Sabour during 2013. For conducting this experiment fruit of variety Dashehari, Langra, Mahmood Bahar, Menka, Sabri, Langra, Zardalu were collected at different stages like Marble, Prestone formation, Stone hardening & Harvest stage for estimation of primary nutrient (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (Ca, Mg) &micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu). Variety Sabri absorbed highest amount of N, Fe and Mn among all varieties which were under investigation. While as P accumulated maximum in Dashehari. Sundar Langra accumulated highest amount of K. There were not significant variation in Ca content among varieties. Moreover Mahmood Bahar accumulated the maximum amount of Mg and Cu. Zn was present maximum in Menka. The nutrient content particularly N, K, Mg, Mn and Zn were recorded highest at marble stage while as P was accumulated maximum in pre stone formation stage and Fe & Cu was in stone hardening stage. There were least variation was observed in Ca content. However interaction of varieties & stages were also highlighted. The nutrient removal by the fruit were also estimated. Data revealed that the total removal of nutrient depend on age of tree and its production which will also be highlighted. Hence, the removal of nutrient by the fruits should be taken into consideration for fertilizer scheduling. Chapter-
NOTICE CONCERNING COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS

Magnetotelluric (MT) profiling in northwestern Nevada is used to test hypotheses on the main sources of heat and hydrothermal fluid for the Dixie Valley-Central Nevada Seismic Belt area. The transect reveals families of resistivity structures commonly dominated by steeply-dipping features, some of which may be of key geothermal significance. Most notably, 2-D inversion of these data has resolved a high-angle, conductive fault zone-like structure extending from the base of Dixie Valley to a broad, deep crustal conductor beneath the Stillwater-Humboldt Range area. The deep conductor is coincident with the Buena Vista anomalous seismic area, and such conductors are generally correlated with magmatic underplating and fluid exsolution. This deeply extending, steep fault zone may be the means for deep transport of fluids upward to provide high temperatures at the Dixie Valley field, including a component of magmatic fluids consistent with recent He isotope studies and the existence of hot springs manifestations in the center of the valley. Decomposed impedance axis analysis suggests the overall trend of this break is nearly N-S. However, other important conductivity structures imaged in the transect include possible large-scale sedimentary folds in the Phanerozoic continental shelf section, and overthrusting near the margin with the Sierra Nevada plutonic province. This experience highlights the need to bring external constraints when interpreting resistivity in the Great Basin. Introduction The Dixie Valley power producing thermal area is a classic, high temperature extensional geothermal system of the Great Basin. However, it lacks nearby young volcanic rocks, and thus is argued to be controlled by large-scale convective fluid flow mining ambient heat from the rock (Benoit, 1999; Blackwell et al., 2000). This is not inconsistent with the area being one of active extension and large historic earthquakes (e.g., Hammond and Thatcher, 2005), but if so, circulation scales must extend to the middle crust at least in order to achieve measured wellbore temperatures ~280 C in the upper 3 km with typical geothermal gradients (McKenna and Blackwell, 2004; Wisian and Blackwell, 2004). In detail however, such circulation models so far have yielded shallow temperatures only around half the observed. Moreover, seismic and geochemical evidence we will review suggest that cryptic magmatic activity in the Possible Magmatic Input to the Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, and Implications for District-Scale Resource Exploration, Inferred from Magnetotelluric (MT) Resistivity Surveying Philip E. Wannamaker, Derrick P. Hasterok, and William M. Doerner University of Utah, Energy & Geoscience Institute Salt Lake City, UT, U.S.A. pewanna@egi.utah. edu Figure 1. Generalized geological map of northwestern Nevada showing MT station transect and active source seismic profiles of the COCORP effort and the 1986 PASSCAL experiment. Locations include Dixie Valley (DV), Reno (RN), Grass Valley (GV), San Emidio (SE), Beowawe(BW) and Eureka (EU).