Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eigenvalues of elliptic operators and geometric applications

The purpose of this talk is to present a certain method of obtaining upper estimates of eigenvalues of Schrodinger type operators on Riemannian manifolds, which was introduced in the paper Grigor’yan A. , Netrusov Yu. , Yau S. -T. Eigenvalues of elliptic operators and geometric applications, Surveys in Differential Geometry IX (2004), pp.147-218. The core of the method is the construction that allows to choose a given number of disjoint sets on a manifold such that one can control simultaneously their volumes from below and their capacities from above. The main technical tool for that is the following theorem. Theorem 1 Let (X, d) be a metric space satisfying the following covering property: there exists a constant N such that any metric ball of radius r in X can be covered by at most N balls of radii r/2. Let all metric balls in X be precompact sets, and let ν be a non-atomic Radon measure on X. Then, for any positive integer k, there exists a sequence {Ai}ki=1 of k annuli in X such that the annuli {2Ai}ki=1 are disjoint and, for any i = 1, 2, . , k,
SET MAPPINGS WITH FREE SETS WHICH ARE ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

If 3 ≤ n < ω, V is a vector space over Q with |V | ≤ אn−2, then there is a well ordering of V such that every vector is the last element of only finitely many n-APs. This implies that there is a set mapping f : V → [V ] with no free set which is an n-AP. If, however, |V | ≥ אn−1, then for every set mapping f : V → [V ] <ω there is a free set which is an n-AP. Our starting point is Rado’s theorem which says that each vector space over Q can be colored with countably many colors, so that no arithmetic progression of length 3 (in short, 3-AP) is monocolored (unpublished, but see [1]). There is a general machinery to obtain similar coloring theorems, and in some cases it even gives the existence of a well ordering such that each point is the last element of only finitely many of the configurations in question. In one example, Erdős and Hajnal proved that R can be colored with countably many colors so the no two points in rational distance get the same color, and their argument gives a well ordering < of R such that for each x ∈ R the set {y < x : d(x, y) ∈ Q} is finite (see [2]). The latter implies the former: given a well ordering < as above, the coloring can be constructed by transfinite recursion. The proof of Rado’s theorem goes, however, differently: one fixes a basis {bα : α < κ} of V and if x = n−1
An Optimal Tracking Performance of MIMO NCS with Quantization and Bandwidth Constraints

This paper presents an optimal tracking performance of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) networked control systems (NCSs) with quantization and bandwidth constraints. In this study, we simultaneously consider the encoding‐decoding, quantization and bandwidth of communication channel. The optimal tracking performance of NCSs is obtained by spectral factorization technique and partial fraction. The obtained results demonstrate that the optimal tracking performance is influenced by the nonminimum phase zeros and unstable poles as well as their directions for a given plant. In addition, it is shown that characteristics of reference signal, encoding‐decoding, quantization, and bandwidth of communication channel are also closely related to tracking performance. Finally, the efficiency of proposed tracking performance is verified by typical examples.
Prevalence of dental caries in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis

Background. Children with atopic dermatitis may be at increased risk of developing dental caries. This problem is poorly understood and needs attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health status of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. One hundred children with atopic dermatitis aged 2 to 17 years, median of 6 [3.5; 10], and 103 children without atopic dermatitis, median age 7 [5; 12.5] years, were included in the study. Clinical parameters included age, sex, age of onset and severity of atopic dermatitis according to the SCORing AD index (SCORAD). Patients with at least one type of caries at any stage of progression (from white spots to carious lesions with pulpal damage) were included in the caries group. The risk of caries in the atopic dermatitis group and in healthy children, and the significance of the presence of asthma and allergic rhinitis for the development of caries were evaluated using the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results were considered statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level. Results. Caries was detected in 46 % of children with atopic dermatitis and 22 % controls (OR = 2.9630, CI 1.6131–5.4424, p = 0.0005). In the group of allergic rhinitis, 24 patients were found to have caries, and among those without allergic rhinitis, 22 children had caries. It was found that patients with concomitant allergic rhinitis were significantly more likely to develop caries (OR = 3.4406, CI 1.4693–8.0563, p = 0.0044). No such significance was found depending on the presence of asthma (OR = 1.3986, CI 0.4913–3.9814, p = 0.5). Conclusions. Children with atopic dermatitis have a significantly higher risk of dental caries than healthy children. Based on the results of our study, clinicians should be aware of dental manifestations in patients with atopic dermatitis and recommend regular dental examinations for early caries detection.
QoS-Guaranteed Hybrid Beamforming Design for Multi-User Systems With Finite-Resolution Phase Shifters

Massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology is a key enabler of the next generation wireless communications. The partially-connected hybrid beamforming architecture is attractive in massive MIMO systems for its reduced cost, power consumption, and hardware complexity. On the other hand, the specific analog beamforming structure and finite-resolution in phase shifters complicate the beamforming design. In this paper, we study the hybrid beamforming design for the partially-connected architecture, where users can have multiple antennas and different requirements on quality of service (QoS). A transmit power minimization problem is formulated. The beamforming design needs to be aligned to discrete phase values due to the practical limitations. Such problem is non-convex and is hard to solve. We propose an effective algorithm for this problem. In particular, the penalty-based method is used to decouple the variables. The original problem is decomposed into several sub-problems. The block prox-linear method is applied to solve the sub-problems alternatively with convergence guarantee. We show the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed algorithm via simulations. Our proposed algorithm with low resolution phase shifters achieves better performance with lower transmit power than existing methods.
Towards a New Mathematics for Science

In this paper, it is argued that, despite its many strengths and undoubted value in science, mathematics also has some weaknesses as a handmaiden for science. There appears to be potential in developing a new mathematics for science (NMFS) which is designed to overcome those weaknesses and to meet more fully the needs of science. As a background to the proposals: 1) The conclusions of a companion paper are noted - that mathematics is, fundamentally, a set of techniques for the compression of information and the application of those techniques; 2) That the effectiveness of mathematics in science is because it provides a means of achieving the compression of information which lies at the heart of science; 3) Since science and mathematics are products of the human intellect, it should not be surprising to find that the workings of the human mind has an influence on both of them; and 4) The significance of information compression in science and mathematics is in line with an abundance of other evidence for the significance of information compression in human learning, perception, and thinking. Continuing the theme of information compression as a unifying principle, the SP theory of intelligence and its realisation in the SP computer model demonstrate how diverse aspects of intelligence may be modelled via information compression within the powerful framework of multiple alignment. An NMFS is proposed, created as an amalgamation of mathematics as it is today with the SP system as it is today, including developments in both areas that are anticipated now. It is envisaged that, for reasons described in the paper, the proposed NMFS will overcome several of the apparent weaknesses in mathematics. In several sections, there is discussion of some possible implications for science of the proposed NMFS, including: potential for the long-sought-after unification of quantum mechanics and general relativity; expansion of the concept of "object" in physics; ambiguity in human perception as an analogy for the concept of superposition in quantum mechanics; the phenomenon of discontinuous dependencies in natural languages as an analogy for nonlocality and entanglement in quantum mechanics; a "waterspout" interpretation for some of the two-slits experiments; potential advantages of the proposed NMFS in the realm of statistics; and its potential to be a vehicle for the representation of all kinds of scientific knowledge, with consequent benefits in the processing of that knowledge.
Diversity of bird agroforestry species in Sapen Nusantara Conservation Park of Mount Arjuno, Pasuruan

The Sapen Nusantara Conservation forest park is agroforestry that has certain vegetation. The vegetation in Sapen Nusantara Protected forest park seems to support the existence of birds as wildlife that need a living habitat. The existence of bird species in Sapen Nusantara Protected forest park is very important in supporting agroforestry vegetation. However, until now the diversity of bird species there has not been identified and recorded properly. The forest is one of the buffer forests of Mount Arjuno protection forest, so the ecosystem must be maintained. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird species in the agroforest forest area in Sapen Nusantara Conservation forest park, Ledug Village, Pasuruan. The research was conducted in July 2021 using the direct observation method (point count) on ecotourism routes by calculating and recording the trails traversed using GPS, sampling by observing walking along the path/road accompanied by predetermined observation points, identification based on MacKinnon et al., (2010) and information on the status of its protection. Data analysis used the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, evenness index, and species richness index. The results of the study identified 18 bird species from 16 families with a total of 169 individuals. Of all the birds found, 18 species are listed in IUCN status, and 4 are listed in the protected status PP No. P.106 of 2018 and 3 species are listed in the CITES category Appendix II. It is known that the Shannon diversity index (H'=2,547) is in the medium diversity category. species evenness index (E=0.9) with a high evenness category and stable community. Then the specific wealth index (R=3.31) with the category of species richness is classified as medium. The presence of birds in the Sapen Nusantara conservation park forest indicates that the ecosystem in the forest is still maintained and this cannot be separated from the role of the community, especially the Ledug Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH), which manages and maintains the forest.
Using Wald-type estimator to combat outliers and Berkson-type uncertainties with mixture distributions in linear regression models

ABSTRACT The impacts of outliers and Berkson-type uncertainties with additive and multiplicative errors in linear regression are investigated. The work is motivated by a common biological phenomenon in which outlying observations and Berkson-type uncertainties may lie partly in the data, causing incorrect estimations and inferences. In this article, we use Wald-type estimator to combat these uncertainties due to its merits, including large sample properties especially for asymmetric errors, as well as its simplicity without nuisance parameters. The severity of the neglect of uncertainty effects will be examined by Monte Carlo simulations and real data examples through comparison with residual-based methods and the proposed estimate.
Optimal Intraday Power Trading with a Gaussian Additive Process

Trading activity in intraday (ID) electricity markets has increased significantly over the last few years. We study the problem of a financial agent wishing to maximize a constant relative risk-aversion expected utility of their terminal wealth while operating in an ID market. Assuming that the price of traded hours follows an additive Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, we derive the optimal strategy via the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. The optimal portfolio in the log case is totally myopic with respect to time to maturity, while in the power case it becomes more and more risky as final maturity approaches. In order to implement our strategy, it is necessary to estimate the model parameters. One cannot resort to known results, as it is typical for time series to be unevenly time spaced, with more and more transactions as maturity approaches. Thus, we present an estimation procedure for unevenly spaced observations, based on maximum likelihood estimation and a bootstrap bias correction, in order to compensate for having few observations at the beginning of the observation frame. Finally, we backtest our method and conclude.
International practice and models in the application of the "smart city" concept and sustainable society

This concept is a standard in urban planning and transformation of services (transport, healthcare, education, security, ecology), the main characteristic of which is digitization, i.e., the application of modern information communication technology. The citizens' adaptation to the modified conditions of the urban environment in which everyday problems are solved by technology leads to the formation of the so-called digital or smart nation, whose internal coherence and communication depend on the access to the Internet. This paper is aimed at describing key characteristics of smart cities and sustainable society, including practical examples of successfully transformed digital nations. The paper applies the content analysis technique and the historical-comparative analysis of the social digitization process.
A shared parameter model of longitudinal measurements and survival time with heterogeneous random-effects distribution

ABSTRACT Typical joint modeling of longitudinal measurements and time to event data assumes that two models share a common set of random effects with a normal distribution assumption. But, sometimes the underlying population that the sample is extracted from is a heterogeneous population and detecting homogeneous subsamples of it is an important scientific question. In this paper, a finite mixture of normal distributions for the shared random effects is proposed for considering the heterogeneity in the population. For detecting whether the unobserved heterogeneity exits or not, we use a simple graphical exploratory diagnostic tool proposed by Verbeke and Molenberghs [34] to assess whether the traditional normality assumption for the random effects in the mixed model is adequate. In the joint modeling setting, in the case of evidence against normality (homogeneity), a finite mixture of normals is used for the shared random-effects distribution. A Bayesian MCMC procedure is developed for parameter estimation and inference. The methodology is illustrated using some simulation studies. Also, the proposed approach is used for analyzing a real HIV data set, using the heterogeneous joint model for this data set, the individuals are classified into two groups: a group with high risk and a group with moderate risk.
Method and apparatus for extraction and matching of biometric detail

A method and apparatus of identification by extracting and matching biometric detail from a subcutaneous vein infrared image. The image's Region of Interest is identified and artifacts are removed. A bank of filters, such as Symmetric Gabor Filters, Complex Gabor Filters, Log Gabor Filters, Oriented Gaussian Functions, or Wavelets, filters the image into a set of key value images that are subdivided into regions. An enrollment key, defined by ordered statistical measures of pixel intensities within the regions, is compared using a distance metric to a stored verification key. Various statistical measures may be used, such as variance, standard deviation, mean, absolute average deviation, max value, min value, max absolute value, median value, or a combination of these statistical measures. Various distance metrics may be used, such as Euclidean, Hamming, Euclidean Squared, Manhattan, Pearson Correlation, Pearson Squared Correlation, Chebychev, or Spearman Rank Correlation. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009
Using long‐term data from a whole ecosystem warming experiment to identify best spring and autumn phenology models

Abstract Predicting vegetation phenology in response to changing environmental factors is key in understanding feedbacks between the biosphere and the climate system. Experimental approaches extending the temperature range beyond historic climate variability provide a unique opportunity to identify model structures that are best suited to predicting phenological changes under future climate scenarios. Here, we model spring and autumn phenological transition dates obtained from digital repeat photography in a boreal Picea‐Sphagnum bog in response to a gradient of whole ecosystem warming manipulations of up to +9°C, using five years of observational data. In spring, seven equally best‐performing models for Larix utilized the accumulation of growing degree days as a common driver for temperature forcing. For Picea, the best two models were sequential models requiring winter chilling before spring forcing temperature is accumulated. In shrub, parallel models with chilling and forcing requirements occurring simultaneously were identified as the best models. Autumn models were substantially improved when a CO2 parameter was included. Overall, the combination of experimental manipulations and multiple years of observations combined with variation in weather provided the framework to rule out a large number of candidate models and to identify best spring and autumn models for each plant functional type.
Nearest-neighbor sp3s* tight-binding parameters based on the hybrid quasi-particle self-consistent GW method verified by modeling of type-II superlattices

We report the determination of parameters for the nearest-neighbor sp3s* tight-binding (TB) model for GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, and InSb at 0, 77, and 300 K based on the hybrid quasi-particle self-consistent GW (QSGW) calculation and their application to a type II (InAs)/(GaSb) superlattice. The effects of finite temperature have been incorporated empirically by adjusting the parameter for blending the exchange-correlation terms of the pure QSGW method and local density approximation, in addition to the usage of experimental lattice parameters. As expected, the TB band gap shrinks with temperature and asymptotically with superlattice period when it is large. In addition, a bell curve in the band gap in the case of small superlattice period and slight and remarkable anisotropy in effective masses of electron and hole, both predicted by the hybrid QSGW method, respectively, are reproduced.
The Effect of Different Management Systems and Racing on the Stress Level of Arabian Horses

Considering the stud farms and hippodromes, there are differences between them both in terms of management systems. The study population consisted of 40 Arabian mares. The breeding systems of horses at the stud farm and hippodrome, the physical dimensions of their boxes, agonistic behaviors, stereotypic behaviors, and intra/inter-species interactions were examined and evaluated comparatively by considering their physiological stress and behavioral responses. The salivary cortisol analysis was performed at rest on the horses at the stud farm and pre-post race on the horses at the Hippodrome. Statistical difference was not found between the stereotypic and agonistic behaviors of the horses but the longer-term effects of the absence of intraspecies interaction should be investigated. There was no statistical difference in the resting horse's saliva cortisol value housed at the stud farm (0,84 ng/ml) and hippodrome (0,52 ng/ml). It was determined that the pre-race cortisol value (0,52 ng/ml) was significantly lower than the post-race (3,82 ng/ml) value. In order for the horses to have a long and healthy sports life, the welfare of the horses should be structured by considering the training, behavior, and management systems with a holistic approach, and intra-species interactions should not be overlooked.
Enfermedad de Crohn con afectación perianal: reporte de caso

La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII), comprende la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y la Colitis Ulcerosa (CU). La enfermedad de Crohn (EC), se caracteriza por afectación transmural y granulomatosa en cualquier parte del tubo digestivo, presenta periodos de actividad y remisión, su manejo clínico debe ser multidisciplinario, debido a varias manifestaciones heterogéneas o extraintestinales, que se podrían simular otro tipo de trastorno inflamatorio, por lo tanto, un diagnóstico acertado, representa un desafío en atención primaria. El desarrollo de fístulas perianales, se presentan entre el 20 % y 30 % de los pacientes, al menos una vez en el trascurso de su vida, sin embargo, el 70 % son asintomáticos.
Substantially Enhanced Landscape Carbon Sink Due To Reduced Terrestrial‐Aquatic Carbon Transfer Through Soil Conservation in the Chinese Loess Plateau

Soil conservation is of global importance, as accelerated soil erosion by human activity is a primary threat to ecosystem viability. However, the significance and role of soil conservation in reshaping landscape carbon (C) accounting has not been comprehensively integrated in the terrestrial C sink. Here, we present the first integrated assessment of the modified terrestrial C sink and aquatic C transport due to soil conservation for the semiarid Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), the world's most vulnerable region to soil erosion. We show a surprisingly low terrestrial‐aquatic C transfer that offset the terrestrial net ecosystem productivity by only 7.5%, which we attribute to the effective implementation of soil conservation practices. Despite the highest soil erosion, the semiarid CLP acts as effective C sink at 43.2 ± 22.6 g C m−2 year−1, which is comparable to temperate forest in absorbing atmospheric CO2. Moreover, C burial in reservoirs has created an additional anthropogenic C sink of 2.9 ± 1.1 g C m−2 year−1. Our findings indicate that effective soil conservation can significantly increase landscape C sequestration capacity. The co‐benefits of soil conservation in erosion control and C sequestration have important implications for policy makers in other regions undergoing increasing erosion intensity to pursue environmental sustainability.