Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating musical fingerprinting systems

Audio fingerprinting is a process that uses computers to analyse small clips of music recordings to answer a common question that people who listen to music often ask : "What is the name of that song I hear ? " Audio fingerprinting systems identify musical content in audio and search a reference database for recordings that contain the same musical features. These systems can find matching recordings even when the query has been recorded in a public space and contains added noise. Different audio fingerprinting algorithms are better at identifying different types of queries, for example, queries that are short, or have a large amount of noise present in the signal. There are few comprehensive comparisons of fingerprinting systems available in the literature that compare the retrieval accuracy offingerprinting systems with a wide range of querys.This thesis presents an overview of the historical developments in audio fingerprinting, including an analysis of three state-of-the-art audio fingerprinting algorithms. The thesis introduces factors that must be considered when performing a comparative evaluation of many fingerprinting algorithms, and presents a new evaluation framework that has been developed to address these factors. The thesis contributes the results of a large-scale comparison between three audio fingerprinting algorithms, with an analysis recommending which algorithms should be used to identify music queries recorded in different situations. %%%%Le systeme d'empreinte audio est un procede qui analyse de courts extraits de musique avec un ordinateur pour repondre a une question courante: « Quelle est le nom de cette chanson que j'ecoute? ». Les systemes d'empreintes audio identifient le contenu musical d'un enregistrement et cherchent des documents sonores possedant les meme traits musicaux au sein d'une base de donnees de reference. Ces systemes sont capables de fonctionner meme si les requetes qui leur sont transmises sont enregistrees dans un espace public, avec de nombreuses sources de bruit exterieur. Les differents algorithmes d'empreinte audio se distinguent par le type de requete qu'ils peuvent traiter: certains se concentrent sur des requetes de courte duree, d'autres sont optimises pour pouvoir etre performant meme dans des conditions de bruit tres defavorables. Dans la litterature, il existe peu d'etudes comparatives poussees traitant specifiquement des performances des systemes de reconnaissance par empreinte audio dans un large eventail de cas.Cette these presente une vue d'ensemble de l'histoire du developpement des systemes d'empreinte audio. Cette these introduit en suite des facteurs qui doivent etre pris en compte lors de l'evaluation comparative de plusieurs algorithmes pour la reconnaissance par empreinte audio. De plus, ce travail presente un nouveau cadre d'evaluation developpe afin d'incorporer ces facteurs. Cette these combine les resultats d'une comparaison a grande echelle de trois algorithmes d'identification d'empreinte audio avec une analyse recommandant lequel de ces…
Scan Matching Based SLAM in Outdoor Environment

For the kidnapped robot problem in outdoor environment,a map matching based SLAM(simultaneous localization and mapping) solution is proposed.The odometer information is not involved in this method,and the robot localization is based on correlation between local and global maps.The core of the proposed method is multiple hypothesis data association. Singular value decomposition is also applied to robot pose calculation.The proposed method is compared with the EKF (extended Kalman filter) approach by Victoria Park dataset,and the experiment results prove the validity of the proposed method.
Mitochondria Targeted Viral Replication and Survival Strategies—Prospective on SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 is a positive sense RNA coronavirus that constitutes a new threat for the global community and economy. While vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed, the mechanisms through which this virus takes control of an infected cell to replicate remains poorly understood. Upon infection, viruses completely rely on host cell molecular machinery to survive and replicate. To escape from the immune response and proliferate, viruses strategically modulate cellular metabolism and alter subcellular organelle architecture and functions. One way they do this is by modulating the structure and function of mitochondria, a critical cellular metabolic hub but also a key platform for the regulation of cellular immunity. This versatile nature of mitochondria defends host cells from viruses through several mechanisms including cellular apoptosis, ROS signaling, MAVS activation and mitochondrial DNA-dependent immune activation. These events are regulated by mitochondrial dynamics, a process by which mitochondria alter their structure (including their length and connectivity) in response to stress or other cues. It is therefore not surprising that viruses, including coronaviruses hijack these processes for their survival. In this review, we highlight how positive sense RNA viruses modulate mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism to evade mitochondrial mediated immune response in order to proliferate.
Developing Educational Media of Health Protocol utilizing Live Coloring using Augmented Reality Technology

The high rate of spread of the coronavirus is increasing, currently (August 7, 2021) in Indonesia the number of deaths from the coronavirus has reached 105,598 people and continues to increase every day. The spread of the coronavirus can be prevented by implementing health protocols that must be applied by everyone, including children. In educating children, interesting media is needed by utilizing technological developments. This study aims to produce a learning media product applying health protocols to children with the title "Beware of the coronavirus". This media was developed using the Research & Development method through several stages, namely research and initial data collection, research planning, product development, expert validation, product revision, and final product. The feasibility test is carried out by media experts by testing the domain of multimedia construction with 3 aspects, namely guidance and information, program performance, and systematic, aesthetic, and design aspects. Data was collected using a questionnaire filled out by media experts. This study uses descriptive statistical data analysis techniques. The result of the product is an educational media in implementing the 3M health protocol, namely wearing masks, washing hands, and maintaining a safe distance. Augmented reality technology with live coloring features is added so that children can color marker objects and appear in 3D to increase children's attractiveness. The results of validation to experts showed that children's education media in implementing the 3M health protocol was in the very feasible category with an assessment result of 4.81 so that learning media could be used and applied to children with parental assistance.
Semi-Automatic Generation and Labeling of Training Data for Non-intrusive Load Monitoring

User awareness is one of the main drivers to reduce unnecessary energy consumption in our homes. This awareness, however, requires individual energy data of the devices we own. A retrofittable way to get this data is to use Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring methods. Most of these methods are supervised and require to collect labeled ground truth data in advance. Labeling on-phases of devices is already a tedious process, but if further information about internal device states are required (e.g. intensity of an HVAC), manual labeling methods are infeasible. We propose a novel data collection and labeling method for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring. This method uses intrusive sensors directly connected to the monitored devices. A post-processing step classifies the connected devices into four categories and exposes internal state sequences in a semi-automatic way. We evaluated our labeling method with a sample dataset comparing the amount of recognized events, states and classified device category. The event detector achieved a total F1 score of 86.52 % for devices which show distinct states in its power signal. Using our framework, the overall labeling effort is cut by more than half (42%).
Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion

Phylogenetic trees have a multitude of applications in biology, epidemiology, conservation and even forensics. However, the inference of phylogenetic trees can be extremely computationally intensive. The computational burden of such analyses becomes even greater when model-based methods are used. Model-based methods have been repeatedly shown to be the most accurate choice for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees, and thus are an attractive choice despite their high computational demands. Using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion to choose among phylogenetic trees is one commonly used model-based technique. Until recently, software for performing ML analyses of biological sequence data was largely intractable for more vi than about one hundred sequences. Because advances in sequencing technology now make the assembly of datasets consisting of thousands of sequences common, ML search algorithms that are able to quickly and accurately analyze such data must be developed if ML techniques are to remain a viable option in the future. I have developed a fast and accurate algorithm that allows ML phylogenetic searches to be performed on datasets consisting of thousands of sequences. My software uses a genetic algorithm approach, and is named GARLI (Genetic Algorithm for Rapid Likelihood Inference). The speed of this new algorithm results primarily from its novel technique for partial optimization of branch-length parameters following topological rearrangements. Experiments performed with GARLI show that it is able to analyze large datasets in a small fraction of the time required by the previous generation of search algorithms. The program also performs well relative to two other recently introduced fast ML search programs. Large parallel computer clusters have become common at academic institutions in recent years, presenting a new resource to be used for phylogenetic analyses. The P-GARLI algorithm extends the approach of GARLI to allow simultaneous use of many computer processors. The processors may be instructed to work together on a phylogenetic search in either a highly coordinated or largely independent fashion.
Learning Difference on Physical Science Concepts between High and Low Achievement Groups at Junior College Chemistry Course

The purpose of this study was to identify the difference of learning performance on physical science concepts from high and low achievement students after traditional instruction. The subjects of this study were 100 nursing students coming from two classes of a medical care junior college in north Taiwan. This study was conducted in the first term of academic year 2011. One-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. All students were assigned to high and low achievement groups by item analysis of pretest scores, and research tool is physical science test. The result found that high achievement students performed better than low achievement students among pretest, midterm, and posttest. During the learning process, high achievement students’ midterm scores performed lower than pretest; in addition, posttest scores performed better than pretest and midterm. Instead, low achievement students’ scores gradually improved during learning period. No significant difference was found on both groups’ midterm and posttest scores. High achievement students’ pretest scores were significantly better than midterm, and posttest scores were significantly better than pretest. In contrast, low achievement students’ posttest scores were significantly better than pretest. There were significant differences in scores on "electronic configuration (item 3)", "electronic energy levels (item 6)", " the comparison of gravitational force and electromagnetic force (item 10)", and "whether magnetic and electrics forces are related? (item 11)" concepts. However, low achievement group has significant improvement in physical science concepts. We suggest that teachers could infuse films or animation and increase students' active learning activities in chemistry class to enhance students' understanding of these abstract concepts. Results of this study can be the ground of improving chemistry teaching, and ultimately achieving the goal of citizen scientific literacy.
TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade and ST Segment Resolution: Association With Infarct Size as Assessed by Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging

Background—The TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) and ST-segment resolution both reflect perfusion and are associated with mortality after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that these measures would also be associated with infarct size by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods and Results—In the LIMIT AMI trial (Limitation of Myocardial Injury following Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction) of lytic monotherapy versus lytic plus rhuMAb CD18, early 90-minute TMPG (n=221) and ST segment resolution (n=242) were compared with subsequent SPECT Technetium-99 m Sestamibi, measuring the percentage of the left ventricle with no Sestamibi uptake. Infarct sizes were larger with TMPG 0 or 1 (a closed or stained myocardium) than with TMPG 2 or 3 (open myocardium, median 13% versus 7%, P =0.004). Infarcts were also larger in patients with no ST segment resolution (median 15%) or incomplete resolution (11%) than in those with complete resolution (6%, overall P =0.0001). The difference in infarct size by TMPG persisted when stratified by category of ST resolution. Conclusions—There may be a pathophysiological link between early restoration of tissue-level perfusion and reduced subsequent infarct size that may partially explain why these early angiographic and electrocardiographic measures are associated with long-term survival.
A Day-Ahead Wind Power Scenario Generation, Reduction, and Quality Test Tool

During the last decades, thanks to supportive policies of countries and a decrease in installation costs, total installed capacity of wind power has increased rapidly all around the world. The uncertain and variable nature of wind power has been a problem for transmission system operators and wind power plant owners. To solve this problem, numerous wind power forecast systems have been developed. Unfortunately none of them can obtain absolutely accurate forecasts yet. Thus, researchers assumed that wind power generation is a stochastic process and they proposed a stochastic programming approach to solve problems arising from the uncertainty of wind power. It is well known that representing stochastic process by possible scenarios is a major issue in the stochastic programming approach. Large numbers of scenarios can represent a stochastic process accurately, but it is not easy to solve a stochastic problem that contains a large number of scenarios. For this reason scenario reduction methods have been introduced. Finally, the quality of this reduced scenario set must be at an acceptable level to use them in calculations. All of these reasons have encouraged authors to develop a wind power scenario tool that can generate and reduce the scenario set and test the quality of it. The developed tool uses historical data to model wind forecast errors. Scenarios are generated around 24 day-ahead point wind power forecasts. A fast forward reduction algorithm is used to reduce the scenario set. Two metrics are proposed to assess the quality of the reduced scenario set. Site measurements are used to test the developed wind power scenario tool. Results showed that the tool can generate and reduce the scenario set successfully and the proposed metrics are useful to assess the quality.
Clonally rearranged T‐cell receptor β chain genes in HTLV‐I carriers with abnormal, non‐flower‐like, lymphocytes

Abstract: Background: The diagnosis of Adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma ATLL subtypes in human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) carriers based in morphology and immunophenotype of lymphocytes can be challenger. We propose that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the rearranged TCR gene in HTLV‐I healthy carriers would be a convenient method for establishing the nature of the circulating T lymphocytes in asymptomatic HTLV‐I carriers, presenting only mild and inconclusive signals of deviation from normality. Methods: Using PCR, we analyzed the genetic recombination pattern of the T‐cell β‐chain receptor gene (TCR‐β) in order to identify clonal expansion of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in 17 HTLV‐I‐positive healthy carriers and in nine normal HTLV‐I‐negative blood donors. To evaluate the performance of PCR in detection of clonality, we also analyzed 18 patients with post‐thymic/mature T‐cell malignancies presenting circulating abnormal lymphocytes. Results: Seven of the 17 HTLV‐I positive individuals presented circulating abnormal lymphocytes; monoclonal or oligoclonal expansion of T‐cells was detected in five of the 17 HTLV‐I‐positive individuals, all of them presenting abnormal lymphocytes. Clonal expansion was not detected in any of the negative controls or in any of the 12 remaining healthy carriers. All patients in the positive control group tested positive by PCR and Southern blots. Southern blots were negative for all 17 healthy carriers. Conclusions: PCR amplification of segments of rearranged TCR‐β is reliable for allowing early detection of small populations of clonal T cells in blood samples from asymptomatic HTLV‐I carriers, providing an additional alert in the follow‐up of carriers with abnormal circulating lymphocytes.
Comment on "Evolutionary method for finding communities in bipartite networks".

In a recent paper, Zhan, Zhang, Guan, and Zhou [Phys. Rev. E 83, 066120 (2011)] presented a modified adaptive genetic algorithm (MAGA) tailored to the discovery of maximum modularity partitions of the node set into communities in unipartite, bipartite, and directed networks. The authors claim that "detection of communities in unipartite networks or in directed networks can be transformed into the same task in bipartite networks. " Actually, some tests show that it is not the case for the proposed transformations, and why. Experimental results of MAGA for modularity maximization of untransformed unipartite or bipartite networks are also discussed.
Monitoring System of Greenhouse Based on WSN and Auto Flushing Sensor Mechanism

Indonesia is an agricultural country with agriculture as one of the mainstays of state income. However, the competition for agricultural production is currently very high, so it requires innovations in agricultural technology to increase the competitiveness of Indonesian food production. One of the latest agriculture technologies is Greenhouse. With Greenhouse, it is possible to adjust temperature conditions, room humidity and other plant parameters. In Indonesia, this technology has begun to be widely used but is still very limited due to technological constraints and high costs. In a greenhouse, some tools monitor plant parameters to support plant growth, such as water pumps, sensors, dynamos, and sprays. However, currently, there are still many greenhouses that operate these tools conventionally. This causes greenhouse operations to take a long time and a lot of labor, so greenhouse operations are expensive and complicated. Therefore, Greenhouse innovation is needed with a flexible, easy and efficient system. In this research, innovation will be carried out with a Greenhouse monitoring system by implementing the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network). In addition, the use of sensors with auto flushing is done to prevent encrustation on the sensor surface. Using WSN will increase the flexibility of data transmission and minimize energy use so that it can be applied in remote areas. Room temperature is also connected with a blower as an automation mechanism to maintain wind circulation in Greenhouse. The monitoring of plan nutrition in the Greenhouse is very important that why this research also study it.
Scale in Spatial Information and Analysis

Introduction Issue of Scale Models of Scale Scaling Up and Down Book Chapters Geographic Representations Geo-Atoms Geo-Fields Geo-Objects Hierarchical Data Structures Discussion Geospatial Measurements Framework for Spatial Sampling Optical Remote Sensing and Resolution Microwave Remote Sensing and Resolution Discussion Geostatistical Models of Scale Geostatistical Fundamentals and Variograms Variogram Regularization and Deregularization Statistics for Determining Measurement Scales Discussion Lattice Data and Scale Models Lattice Data Spatial Autocorrelation and Its Measures Local Models Discussion Geostatistical Methods for Scaling Kriging Indicator Approaches Upscaling by Block Kriging Downscaling by Area-to-Point Kriging Geostatistical Inverse Modeling Discussion Methods for Scaling Gridded Data Upscaling Downscaling Discussion Multiscale Data Conflation Multivariate Geostatistics Image Fusion Other Multiscale Methods Discussion Scale in Terrain Analysis Digital Elevation Data and Their Scales Terrain Derivatives Models of Scale in Topography Methods for Scaling Terrain Variables Discussion Scale in Area-Class Mapping Area-Class Mapping Spatial Scales and Patterns in Area Classes Scaling Area-Class Information Discussion Information Content Information Theory Information Content in Remotely Sensed Images Image Resolution and Information Content Information Content in Map Data Discussion Uncertainty Characterization Accuracy Metrics and Assessment Geostatistical Approaches to Validation Analytical Approaches to Error Propagation Geostatistical Simulation Discussion Epilogue References Index
Morphine- and foot shock-responsive neuronal ensembles in the VTA possess different connectivity and biased GPCR signaling pathway

Background: Neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are sensitive to stress and their maladaptation have been implicated in the psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and addiction, etc. The cellular properties of the VTA neurons in response to different stressors related to different emotional processing remain to be investigated. Methods: By combining immediate early gene (IEG)-dependent labeling, rabies virus tracing, ensemble-specific transcriptomic analysis and fiber photometry recording in the VTA of male mice, the spatial distribution, brain-wide connectivity and cellular signaling pathways in the VTA neuronal ensembles in response to morphine (Mor-Ens) or foot shock (Shock-Ens) stimuli were investigated. Results: Optogenetic activation of the Mor-Ens drove approach behavior, whereas chemogenetic activation of the Shock-Ens increased the anxiety level in mice. Mor-Ens were clustered and enriched in the ventral VTA, contained a higher proportion of dopaminergic neurons, received more inputs from the dorsal medial striatum and the medial hypothalamic zone, and exhibited greater axonal arborization in the zona incerta and ventral pallidum. Whereas Shock-Ens were more dispersed, contained a higher proportion of GABAergic neurons, and received more inputs from the ventral pallidum and the lateral hypothalamic area. The downstream targets of the G protein and β-arrestin pathways, PLCβ3 and phosphorylated AKT1Thr308, were relatively enriched in the Mor-Ens and Shock-Ens, respectively. Cariprazine, the G-protein-biased agonist for the dopamine D2 receptor, increased the response of Mor-Ens to sucrose water and decreased the anxiety-like behavior during morphine withdrawal, whereas the β-arrestin-biased agonist UNC9994 decreased the response of Shock-Ens to tail suspension. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings reveal the heterogeneous connectivity and signaling pathways of the VTA neurons in response to morphine and foot shock, providing new insights for development of specific interventions for psychiatric disorders caused by various stressors associated with different VTA neuronal functions.