Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time–space fractional governing equations of one‐dimensional unsteady open channel flow process: Numerical solution and exploration

Although fractional integration and differentiation have found many applications in various fields of science, such as physics, finance, bioengineering, continuum mechanics, and hydrology, their engineering applications, especially in the field of fluid flow processes, are rather limited. In this study, a finite difference numerical approach is proposed to solve the time–space fractional governing equations of 1‐dimensional unsteady/non‐uniform open channel flow process. By numerical simulations, results of the proposed fractional governing equations of the open channel flow process were compared with those of the standard Saint‐Venant equations. Numerical simulations showed that flow discharge and water depth can exhibit heavier tails in downstream locations as space and time fractional derivative powers decrease from 1. The fractional governing equations under consideration are generalizations of the well‐known Saint‐Venant equations, which are written in the integer differentiation framework. The new governing equations in the fractional‐order differentiation framework have the capability of modelling nonlocal flow processes both in time and in space by taking the global correlations into consideration. Furthermore, the generalized flow process may possibly shed light on understanding the theory of the anomalous transport processes and observed heavy‐tailed distributions of particle displacements in transport processes.
Recent photometry of symbiotic stars: Recent photometry of symbiotic stars

We present new multicolour (UBVRcIc) photometric observations of classical symbiotic stars, EG And, Z And, BF Cyg, CH Cyg, CI Cyg, V1329 Cyg, TX CVn, AG Dra, Draco C1, AG Peg and AX Per, carried out between 2007.1 and 2011.9. The aim of this paper is to present new data of our monitoring programme, to describe the main features of their light curves and to point problems for their future investigation. The data were obtained by the method of the classical photoelectric and CCD photometry.
Magnetic and Dielectric Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposites of Biologically Extracted Hydroxyapatite/Hematite/Silicon Dioxide for Potential Use in Bone Replacement Applications

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is an attractive biomaterial for use in orthopedic and dental applications. Acquiring HA from natural sources is an excellent step toward doing so affordably while also reducing waste. Here, HA was obtained from camel bones and then mixed in different proportions with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) to obtain nanocomposites with distinct physical, tribo-mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and biological properties. The produced powders were then examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. Additionally, measurements were made of their dielectric, physical, tribo-mechanical, magnetic, and antimicrobial properties. The results revealed that successive addition of SiO2 and α-Fe2O3 reduced the porosity of the tested samples by about 3.26, 19.56, 33.69, and 51.08% which is very close to the porosity value of cortical bone. Importantly, the compressive strength of the sample with the highest percentages of SiO2 and α-Fe2O3 was 102 MPa making it similar to that of cortical bone. Also, the addition of SiO2 and α-Fe2O3 to BHA reduced its wear rate by 0.47, 13.09, 15.47, and 21.90%. Furthermore, the presence of Fe2O3 improved the magnetic and antimicrobial properties of the tested samples. The latter findings could be useful for accelerating bone healing.
Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Growth in Hadfield Steel

Evaluating the condition of a Hadfield steel crossing nose using existing inspection methods is subject to accessibility and geographical constraints. Thus, the use of conditional monitoring techniques to complement the existing inspection methods has become increasingly necessary. This paper focuses on the study of acoustic emission (AE) behaviour and its correlation with fatigue crack growth in Hadfield steel during bending fatigue tests. The probability density function for acoustic emission parameters was analysed based on the power law distribution. The results show that a sharp increase in the moving average and cumulative sum of the AE parameter can give early warning against the final failure of Hadfield steel. Two parts (Part 1 and Part 2) can be identified using the change in the slope of duration rate (dD/dN) vs. ΔK plot during the stable fatigue crack growth (FCG) process where Paris’s law is valid. The fitted power law exponent of AE parameters is smaller in Part 2 than in Part 1. The novelty of this research lies in the use of the fitted power law distribution of AE parameters for monitoring fatigue damage evolution in Hadfield steel, unlike existing AE fatigue monitoring methodology, which relies solely on the analysis of AE parameter trends.
RESCUE: a validated Nanopore pipeline to classify bacteria through long-read, 16S-ITS-23S rRNA sequencing

Despite the advent of third-generation sequencing technologies, modern bacterial ecology studies still use Illumina to sequence small (~400 bp) hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA SSU for phylogenetic classification. By sequencing a larger region of the rRNA gene operons, the limitations and biases of sequencing small portions can be removed, allowing for more accurate classification with deeper taxonomic resolution. With Nanopore sequencing now providing raw simplex reads with quality scores above Q20 using the kit 12 chemistry, the ease, cost, and portability of Nanopore play a leading role in performing differential bacterial abundance analysis. Sequencing the near-entire rrn operon of bacteria and archaea enables the use of the universally conserved operon holding evolutionary polymorphisms for taxonomic resolution. Here, a reproducible and validated pipeline was developed, RRN-operon Enabled Species-level Classification Using EMU (RESCUE), to facilitate the sequencing of bacterial rrn operons and to support import into phyloseq. Benchmarking RESCUE showed that fully processed reads are now parallel or exceed the quality of Sanger, with median quality scores of approximately Q20+, using the R10.4 and Guppy SUP basecalling. The pipeline was validated through two complex mock samples, the use of multiple sample types, with actual Illumina data, and across four databases. RESCUE sequencing is shown to drastically improve classification to the species level for most taxa and resolves erroneous taxa caused by using short reads such as Illumina.
Self-matching plasma sources using 2.45 GHz solid-state generators: microwave design and operating performance

ABSTRACT In connection with recently published results, two 2.45 GHz microwave plasma sources were designed: a coaxial electron cyclotron resonance-type operating between 0.01 and 10 Pa and a collisional-type for higher pressure range, 1–100 Pa. The primary goal was to build self-matched plasma sources, which can maintain low reflected power levels without any impedance matching component. The microwave field was supplied to each plasma source via a coaxial feed from a solid-state microwave generator with adjustable power between 0 and 200 W and adjustable frequency from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz. The adjustable frequency of the generator is intended to be used as backup matching means if the reflected power increases above a set value; an automatic adjustment loop enables the microwave generator to start sweeping the frequency band until the lowest reflected power level is found. The modelling method used to obtain self-adapted plasma sources is explained; the performance of each source is evaluated by measuring the efficiency of the microwave power transmitted inside the plasma vs. gas pressure, gas type and microwave forward power level. Results of plasma source testing in industrial applications such as nanocrystalline diamond deposition on 4 inch silicon wafers and stainless steel nitriding are presented.
New Perspective for Drug–Drug Interaction in Perioperative Period

In this review, we aim to discuss current information on drug interactions in the perioperative period. During this period, patients receive several drugs that may interact with each other and affect the efficacy and safety of the treatment. There are three types of drug interactions: pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmaceutical. It is important to recognize that drug interactions may increase the toxicity of the drug or reduce its efficacy, increasing the risk of complications in the perioperative period. This review describes the most commonly used perioperative drugs approved by the FDA and some of the described interactions between them. Thoroughly reviewing a patient’s medication list and identifying potential interactions are essential steps in minimizing risks. Additionally, vigilant monitoring of patients during and after surgery plays a pivotal role in early detection of any signs of drug interactions. This article emphasizes the significance of addressing DDIs in the perioperative period to ensure patient well-being and advocates for the implementation of careful monitoring protocols to promptly identify and manage potential interactions.
Extension of generalized integro-exponential function and its application in study of Chen distribution

In 2000 Chen introduced a two-parameter lifetime model and has reported only a few mathematical properties moments, quantile and generating functions, among others. In this article, we derive a power series expansion for newly introduced real upper parameter generalized integro-exponential function Eps(z) extending certain Milgram's findings. By our novel results we derive closed-form expressions for the moments, generating function, Renyi entropy and power series for the quantile function of the Chen distribution.
Optimization of Neodymium Separation from Cerium and Samarium for Nuclear Fuel Burn-Up Determination

Sorption behavior of neodymium (Nd) from cerium (Ce) and samarium (Sm) on anion-exchange resins was investigated by column techniques. The anion exchange studies involved the sorption of Nd, Ce and Sm ions onto Dowex 1-X4 (100–200 mesh) in nitric acid – methanol medium. Separation of neodymium from cerium and samarium was carried out by column method to find out the best separation parameter condition with variating HNO3 concentration and weight of resin. The best elution profile was found using 0.3M HNO3 : methanol (1 : 9) as eluent through 1.25 grams of Dowex 1-X4 resin with 97.16 % Sm recovery and 95.59 % Nd recovery, while Ce was retained in the column.
Acoustic emission avalanches during compression of granular manganites

We have studied acoustic emission (AE) during compression of La0.8Ca0. 28Sr0.08MnO2. 7 manganites with different microstructures obtained by selected synthesis techniques. In ceramic samples with large grains obtained by a solid-state method, avalanche criticality is confirmed when grain fracture is the AE dominant mechanism. In samples synthesized by means of micro-wave and sol-gel techniques, grains are much smaller and the AE is mainly originated from friction effects associated with relative displacement of grains during deformation. In this case, significant deviations from avalanche criticality have been detected.We have studied acoustic emission (AE) during compression of La0.8Ca0. 28Sr0.08MnO2. 7 manganites with different microstructures obtained by selected synthesis techniques. In ceramic samples with large grains obtained by a solid-state method, avalanche criticality is confirmed when grain fracture is the AE dominant mechanism. In samples synthesized by means of micro-wave and sol-gel techniques, grains are much smaller and the AE is mainly originated from friction effects associated with relative displacement of grains during deformation. In this case, significant deviations from avalanche criticality have been detected.
Robust Output Feedback Model Predictive Control: A Stochastic Approach

This paper addresses the robust explicit model predictive control scheme for linear systems with input and output constraint in the presence of disturbances and noise. Conditions for disturbance rejection are established by incorporating a full state/disturbance observer. The separation principle is applied to design an optimal observer in the unconstrained problem. Then, an efficient algorithm is developed to explicitly design observer gains by minimizing a quadratic performance criterion. It is shown that the solution includes a set of regions with piecewise affine functions of the state and reference vectors and a set of regions with optimal observers. In the proposed method, two sets of partitions associated with the control law and the observer gains are obtained. Therefore, the online computation includes finding the active regions of both observer and control law partitions in which the current state is located. The proposed technique is particularly attractive for a wide range of practical problems where the exact model of the actual system is not available.
Concentric Isokinetic Strengthening Program’s Impact on Knee Biomechanical Parameters, Physical Performance and Quality of Life in Overweight/Obese Women with Chronic Meniscal Lesions

Meniscal injuries are one of the most common intra-articular knee injuries. Different treatments are presented depending on the symptoms and duration of meniscus tears, such as arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, physiotherapy, or even pharmacological treatment. The purpose was to investigate the effect of a concentric isokinetic knee muscle strengthening program on strength, joint range of motion, physical performance, quality of life and pain tolerance in overweight/obese women with chronic meniscal lesions. Twenty-four overweight/obese women were randomized into two groups. A control group (CG) performed a usual rehabilitation program plus isokinetic muscle strengthening (IMS) in the continuous passive motion mode and measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. An experimental group (EG) performed the same program in combination with IMS in the isokinetic active mode. The peak torque of the knee extensors (PTE) and flexors (PTF), sit-to-stand test, stair climb test, joint amplitude, heel-to-buttock distance, Thessaly test, KOOS questionnaire of pain and quality of life were measured pre- and post-protocol. After the intervention, the sit–stand number for both groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) and the time to climb stairs was significantly reduced for the EG (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in joint range of motion, life quality (p < 0.001), relief in knee pain (p < 0.001) and in the post-program evaluation at the EG (p < 0.05) was noted. There was no significant difference in PTE and PTF between groups at 60°/s and 180°/s. The IMS in the active mode could be an effective therapeutic modality in managing middle-aged patients suffering from a degenerative meniscal tear.
A Survey on Facial Emotion Identification using Deep Learning Models

Facial expression detection has become a part of the current industry scenario. The face detection techniques implementation range from convolutional neural network to residual network. This paper tries to take up a survey on different scenarios, to understand the efficient implementation and also try to suggest an efficient strategy usage.In this paper, a set of data is taken up for training & testing, which helps the model in the identification of facial expressions. Computer vision trains and tests the machines for identifying the object. Computer Vision but it has to do much with cameras. The data and algorithms are the retinas, optic nerves and a visual cortex of any model. Computer Vision is applied with a system model, the model may be implemented using any of the artificial intelligence algorithms. A CNN with a help of machine learning or deep learning model takes up a “look” with a breakon images which splits it up into a pixel. The pixel is added with tags or labels. Usually, the convolution model is used for predictions; the mathematical operation on two function provides a third function with an efficient outcome. The result is then the recognition of the images about what is “seen”, as such of a human. The resultant accuracy is evaluated in a series of predictions.
Cytokine Responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and Ascaris lumbricoides Costimulation Using Human THP-1 and Jurkat Cells, and a Pilot Human Tuberculosis and Helminth Coinfection Study

Background: Helminth infections are widespread in tuberculosis-endemic areas and are associated with an increased risk of active tuberculosis. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory Th1 responses elicited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, helminth infections induce anti-inflammatory Th2/Treg responses. A robust Th2 response has been linked to reduced tuberculosis protection. Several studies show the effect of helminth infection on BCG vaccination and TB, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Aim: To determine the cytokine response profiles during tuberculosis and intestinal helminth coinfection. Methods: For the in vitro study, lymphocytic Jurkat and monocytic THP-1 cell lines were stimulated with Mtb H37Rv and Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) excretory-secretory protein extracts for 24 and 48 h. The pilot human ex vivo study consisted of participants infected with Mtb, helminths, or coinfected with both Mtb and helminths. Thereafter, the gene transcription levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, granzyme B, perforin, IL-2, IL-17, NFATC2, Eomesodermin, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, TGF-β and FoxP3 in the unstimulated/uninfected controls, singly stimulated/infected and costimulated/coinfected groups were determined using RT-qPCR. Results: TB-stimulated Jurkat cells had significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, granzyme B, and perforin compared to unstimulated controls, LPS- and A. lumbricoides-stimulated cells, and A. lumbricoides plus TB-costimulated cells (p < 0.0001). IL-2, IL-17, Eomes, and NFATC2 levels were also higher in TB-stimulated Jurkat cells (p < 0.0001). Jurkat and THP-1 cells singly stimulated with TB had lower IL-5 and IL-4 levels compared to those singly stimulated with A. lumbricoides and those costimulated with TB plus A. lumbricoides (p < 0.0001). A. lumbricoides-singly stimulated cells had higher IL-4 levels compared to TB plus A. lumbricoides-costimulated Jurkat and THP-1 cells (p < 0.0001). TGF-β levels were also lower in TB-singly stimulated cells compared to TB plus A. lumbricoides-costimulated cells (p < 0.0001). IL-10 levels were lower in TB-stimulated Jurkat and THP-1 cells compared to TB plus A. lumbricoides-costimulated cells (p < 0.0001). Similar results were noted for the human ex vivo study, albeit with a smaller sample size. Conclusions: Data suggest that helminths induce a predominant Th2/Treg response which may downregulate critical Th1 responses that are crucial for tuberculosis protection.
Reframing the link between metabolism and NLRP3 inflammasome: therapeutic opportunities

Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling platforms in the cytosol that senses exogenous and endogenous danger signals and respond with the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 and pyroptosis to induce inflammation and protect the host. The inflammasome best studied is the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. It is activated in a two-step process: the priming and the activation, leading to sensor NLRP3 oligomerization and recruitment of both adaptor ASC and executioner pro-caspase 1, which is activated by cleavage. Moreover, NLRP3 inflammasome activation is regulated by posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitination/deubiquitination, phosphorylation/dephosphorylation, acetylation/deacetylation, SUMOylation and nitrosylation, and interaction with NLPR3 protein binding partners. Moreover, the connection between it and metabolism is receiving increasing attention in this field. In this review, we present the structure, functions, activation, and regulation of NLRP3, with special emphasis on regulation by mitochondrial dysfunction-mtROS production and metabolic signals, i.e., metabolites as well as enzymes. By understanding the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, specific inhibitors can be rationally designed for the treatment and prevention of various immune- or metabolic-based diseases. Lastly, we review current NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors and their mechanism of action.
Modular algorithm for reducing matrices to the Smith normal form

Abstract The paper gives a complete justification of the modular algorithm for reducing matrices to the Hermitian normal form, which enables one to construct a new modular algorithm for reducing to the Smith normal form that may simultaneously calculate the left matrix of the transformations. The main term in the estimate of the number of operations is 2(n3 log D), where n is the size and D is the determinant (or a multiple of it) of the matrix under consideration.
Shape identification for inverse geometry heat conduction problems by FEM without iteration

ABSTRACT The boundary geometry shape is identified by the finite element method (FEM) without iteration and mesh reconstruction for two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) inverse heat conduction problems. First, the direct heat conduction problem with the exact domain is solved by the FEM and the temperatures of measurement points are obtained. Then, by introducing a virtual boundary, a virtual domain is formed. By minimizing the difference between the temperatures of measurement points in the exact domain and those in the virtual domain, the temperatures of the points on the virtual boundary are calculated based on the least square error method and the Tikhonov regularization. Finally, the objective geometry shape can be estimated by the method of searching the isothermal curve or isothermal surface for 2-D or 3-D problems, respectively. In the process, no iterative calculation is needed. The proposed method has a tremendous advantage in reducing the computational time for the inverse geometry problems. Numerical examples are presented to test the validity of the proposed approach. Meanwhile, the influences of measurement noise, virtual boundary, measurement point number, and measurement point position on the boundary geometry prediction are also investigated in the examples. The solutions show that the method is accurate and efficient to identify the unknown boundary geometry configurations for 2-D and 3-D heat conduction problems.
Content of selected polyphenolic substances in parts of grapevine

This review provides an overview of the variety of occurrences, content, extraction and health effects of selected polyphenolic compounds associated with different parts of grapevine (seeds, peel, pulp and stems). The review provides a brief characterisation of grape parts, the content of polyphenolic compounds and their extraction together with their graphical forms of presentation and diversity as determined by different studies. The content of individual polyphenolic compounds differed with studies. Effects of different factors were evident in both growing style and geographical location of vineyards as well as extraction methods and analytical conditions.