Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design for security test against fault injection attacks

A design-for-test method on cryptographic integrated circuits against fault injection attacks is proposed. The method involves identifying the sensitive registers, inserting the scan chain accordingly and functioning in test mode during the fault injection security test. The transient errors caused by fault injection can be quickly and efficiently revealed for security evaluation, but the errors cannot be exploited by the attackers to compromise the secret keys, due to isolation of the secret key related registers. The experimental result on a Chinese remainder theorem-RSA implementation verifies the feasibility of the proposed method with the area overhead as low as 2.5%. The method is able to facilitate a fast and volume test.
Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a nonuniform flow

The forces on a small rigid sphere in a nonuniform flow are considered from first prinicples in order to resolve the errors in Tchen’s equation and the subsequent modified versions that have since appeared. Forces from the undisturbed flow and the disturbance flow created by the presence of the sphere are treated separately. Proper account is taken of the effect of spatial variations of the undisturbed flow on both forces. In particular the appropriate Faxen correction for unsteady Stokes flow is derived and included as part of the consistent approximation for the equation of motion.
Helpful formulas for integrating polynomials in three dimensions

He found that the associated optimum formulas had error bounds which were larger by a factor of If or 2 than the optimum for the two parameter family we have been considering. Our computed results indicate further that the minima in these cases are again consistent, and relatively insensitive to changes in the parameter. In practice the different differential equations had errors which corresponded to these results about as they did in the two parameter case. Analogous results were obtained by Johnston [2] for the second and third order methods. A few special cases had been considered earlier by Kuntzmann [3].
Analysing the structure of elongated star clusters

We have previously reported a measure Q which both quantifies and distinguishes between a (relatively smooth) large-scale radial density gradient and multiscale (fractal) subclustering. Here, we extend the applicability of Q to clusters which deviate significantly from an overall circular shape. Q varies systematically as clusters assume a more elongated shape, and it is therefore possible to correct for the effect, if the elongation of the cluster is also quantified. Q therefore remains a useful and robust analytical technique for classifying and quantifying the internal structure of star clusters, even when their overall shape is far from circular. The corrections required are small for individual clusters which are not extremely elongated (not more than three times longer than they are wide) of the same order as the uncertainty in the value of Q for a particular cluster type. We therefore recommend that no correction be applied to the calculation of Q for individual clusters, unless they are more than three times longer than their width, but that correction for elongation be applied when Q is used for statistical analyses of large numbers of observed or simulated clusters.
A two-warehouse EOQ model with two-level delay in payment

This paper deals with a two-warehouse inventory policy with continuous release and two-level credit period in an infinite planning horizon. A retailer, the owner of two warehouses, offers and accepts a credit period to the customer and from the wholesaler, respectively. Duration of offering credit period is less than that of accepting credit period. The demand of the customers is considered stock dependent. Depending upon the time of offering and accepting credit periods and with respect to the time of exhaust of inventory in the two warehouses, different scenarios have been depicted. Here, decision variables are business periods for rented and market warehouses. The model has been formulated as a profit maximisation problem with respect to the retailer and optimised using the non-linear optimisation technique - generalised reduced gradient (LINGO) method. Optimal solutions under different scenarios are illustrated numerically and graphically.
Reform and Teaching: Exploring Patterns of Practice in the Context of National and State Mathematics Reforms

This article investigates teachers' mathematics practice in the context of recent national and state efforts to reform mathematics education. The authors develop a conceptual frame for examining reformers' proposals for mathematics education in classroom teaching in terms of the intersection of classroom tasks and discourse patterns with principled and procedural mathematical knowledge. Applying this framework to examine mathematics instruction in 25 classrooms, classrooms where teachers reported practices consistent with the reforms as well as familiarity and agreement with either national or state mathematics standards, the authors identify distinctly different patterns of practice in response to the reforms. Based on this analysis, the authors identify some dimensions of practice that appear more responsive to reform than others. In light of their analysis, the authors consider issues for policy analysis, policy research, and the design of policy.
Temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity in incommensurately modulated phase of ammonium ﬂuoroberyllate

We study the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity along the polar axis for ferroelectric ammonium ﬂuoroberyllate (AFB) crystal in the vicinity of its phase transition points. The experimental data within incommensurately modulated phase of AFB is compared with the predictions of phenomenological models known from the literature: the Curie-Weiss (CW) law, the generalized Curie-Weiss (GCW) law, and the models by Levanyuk and Sannikov (LS) and by Prelovšek, Levstik and Filipič (PLF) suggested for improper ferroelectrics. It is shown that the LS approach describes the temperature behavior of the dielectric permittivity for the AFB crystal better than the CW, GWC and PLF models. The main physical reasons of this situation are elucidated.
Aeroacoustics of Pipe Systems with Closed Branches

Flow induced pulsations in resonant pipe networks with closed branches are considered in this review paper. These pulsations, observed in many technical applications, have been identified as self-sustained aeroacoustic oscillations driven by the instability of the flow along the closed branches. The fundamental aspects of the flow induced pulsations are discussed, with particular attention to the description of the sound sources. A single mode model for the prediction of the self-sustained oscillations is presented, the “energy balance”. This model consists of the evaluation of the amplitude of each acoustic mode of the system by means of a balance between the acoustic source power and the acoustic power losses. The main components of this prediction method are discussed; these are the evaluation of the acoustic behavior of a pipe network and the modeling of the sound sources and the acoustic losses. Several field and scale model examples of pipe systems displaying self-sustained oscillations are presented, in order to discuss the parameters influencing the aeroacoustic behavior of pipe networks. Finally some counter-measures for the prevention of self-sustained oscillations are reviewed and perspectives for future work are considered.
Polypyrrole-Polyurethane based stretchable conductive composites using oxidative chemical vapour deposition

Stretchable and flexible conductors have emerged as a cutting edge technology in the field of electronics. The combination of properties has led to new possibilities in intelligent, wearable and integrated systems. This work focuses on synthesising a Polypyrrole/Polyurethane (PPy/PU) based stretchable conductor in a heterogenous assembly design using oxidative chemical vapour deposition (oCVD). This research explores the effect of coating thickness and oCVD reaction temperature on the electromechanical behaviour of the stretchable conductor. Substrates from a selected PU grade were coated with PPy at three different reaction temperatures characterised by tensile test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis, followed by tests on conductivity piezoresistivity and durability. When the coating thickness became too high, the conductivity decreased, and the coating suffered from local fracturing under strain.
A fuzzy clustering approach to manufacturing cell formation

Cell formation, one of the most important problems faced in designing cellular manufacturing systems, is to group parts with similar geometry, function, material and process into part families and the corresponding machines into machine cells. There has been an extensive amount of work in this area and, consequently, numerous analytical approaches have been developed. One common weakness of these conventional approaches is that they implicitly assume that disjoint part families exist in the data; therefore, a part can only belong to one part family. In practice, it is clear that some parts definitely belong to certain part families, whereas there exist parts that may belong to more than one family. In this study, we propose a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm to formulate the problem. The fuzzy approach offers a special advantage over conventional clustering. It not only reveals the specific part family that a part belongs to, but also provides the degree of membership of a part associated with each part.
The geometry of abstract groups and their splittings

A survey of splitting theorems for abstract groups and their applications. Topics covered include preliminaries, early results, Bass-Serre theory, the structure of G-trees, Serre's applications to SL2 and length functions. Stallings' theorem, results about accessibility and bounds for splittability. Duality groups and pairs; results of Eckmann and collaborators on PD2 groups. Relative ends, the JSJ theorems and the splitting results of Kropholler and Roller on PDn groups. Notions of quasi-isometry, of hyperbolic group, and of its boundary. We recall that convergence groups on the circle are Fuchsian, and survey results relating properties of the action of a hyperbolic group on its boundary to the structure of the group. Types of isometric action of a group on a L-tree, and the L-tree of a valued field, with mention of the applications made by Culler, Shalen and Morgan. Rips' theorem, and some of its applications. Splittings over 2-ended groups and work of Sela and Bowditch, more general splitting theorems, characterisations of groups by their coarse geometry. Finally we survey the extent to which it is possible to push through the Thurston programme for PD3 complexes and pairs: despite many advances, there remain more conjectures than theorems.
The significance of binaries with nearly identical components.

The distribution of the mass ratios of double-lined spectroscopic binaries is investigated, and a narrow peak at qapprox. =0.97 is found after observational errors have been corrected for. A variety of observational and theoretical arguments are then used to demonstrate that this peak cannot be explained as being due to the effects of either evolution or selection. The peak is therefore interpreted as implying that many close binaries (P or approx. =M/sub t//M/sub sun/> or approx. =0.5) are formed by a mechanism that, in its ideal form, would create binaries with identical components. Recent calculations suggest that this mechanism be identified with binary formation by fragmentation during the final dynamical-collapse phase of a rotating protostar's pre-main-sequence evolution.
SUNSPOT DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES

Accurate and automated monitoring of space weather has become increasingly important in our modern-day world, due to the reliance on critical infrastructure such as wireless communication, power grids, satellite communication, and aviation systems. Solar events such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections can disrupt or damage these system and sunspots are used as markers to determine solar activity through a manual process, thus automated detection and tracking of sunspots form part of the prediction of solar events and prediction of space weather. In this paper the use of deep learning techniques for automated sunspot detection will be investigated.
Parallel atomic force microscopy using cantilevers with integrated piezoresistive sensors and integrated piezoelectric actuators

We have fabricated and operated two cantilevers in parallel in a new mode for imaging with the atomic force microscope (AFM). The cantilevers contain both an integrated piezoresistive silicon sensor and an integrated piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) actuator. The integration of sensor and actuator on a single cantilever allows us to simultaneously record two independent AFM images in the constant force mode. The ZnO actuator provides over 4 μm of deflection at low frequencies (dc) and over 30 μm deflection at the first resonant frequency. The piezoresistive element is used to detect the strain and provide the feedback signal for the ZnO actuator.
Optimal source bandwidth for pass-through photon-based trans-illumination interferometry

We elaborate further the partial coherence model for the trans-illumination interferometric experiment, by including a phase-locked device at detection plane. We demonstrate that the detected isolated signal, and thus the quality of the optical properties depend on the coherence characteristics of the source. We introduce a specific measure of coherence time for discrimination purposes, such that a photon arriving at a greater time will be efficiently filtered. The quantification of the coherence study is presented by computing the analytical interferograms for different radiation sources (Broadband source, SLED, LED, and Laser). We show that the use of a low-coherence source improves the detection of ballistic photons, at the coherence length of the source, by orders of magnitude. As a result of this study, we suggest the use of a low-coherence source, with reduced bandwidth (coherence lengths ranging from 1 - 100 μm) and compact spatial distribution, for tissue characterization purposes. For imaging of tissues, a low-coherence source with greater bandwidth is preferable, because such source effectively isolates pass-through and single scattered photons.
Vision-based control using probabilistic geometry for objects reconstruction

We first present a suitable object knowledge representation based on a mixture of stochastic and set membership models and consider an approximation resulting in ellipsoidal calculus by means of a normal assumption for stochastic laws and ellipsoidal over or inner bounding for uniform laws. Then we, build an efficient estimation process integrating visual data online and perform online and optimal exploratory motions for the camera. The control schemes are based on the maximization of the a posteriori predicted information.
An Observational Study of Medium-Scale Wave Dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere Summer. Part II: Stationary-Transient Wave Interference

Abstract Eastward moving, baroclinically forced, medium-scale waves are frequently observed to dominate the Southern Hemisphere summer circulation. In addition, strong quasi-stationary medium-scale waves were also observed during the summer of 1978/1979. In this paper we present the results of an observational study for several weeks of this time period, during which the stationary and transient waves are found to exhibit clear linear interference characteristics. Energetic analyses indicate that the medium-scale waves grow barotropically and decay baroclinically during this period, although these interference induced contributions are secondary to the usual baroclinic growth-barotropic decay life cycle characteristics observed by Randel and Stanford. Data analyses and simple model calculations are presented which demonstrate that the observed baroclinic decay results from equatorward heat flux associated with the differing vertical structures of the stationary and transient waves. An interference induced.
Millisecond radio pulsars in globular clusters

It is shown that the number of millisecond radio pulsars, in globular clusters, should be larger than 100, applying the standard scenario that all the pulsars descend from low-mass X-ray binaries. Moreover, most of the pulsars are located in a small number of clusters. The prediction that Teran 5 and Liller 1 contain at least about a dozen millisecond radio pulsars each is made. The observations of millisecond radio pulsars in globular clusters to date, in particular the discovery of two millisecond radio pulsars in 47 Tuc, are in agreement with the standard scenario, in which the neutron star is spun up during the mass transfer phase.
Scattering of Polarized Laser Light by Water Droplet, Mixed-Phase and Ice Crystal Clouds. Part I: Angular Scattering Patterns

Abstract Laboratory studies of the angular scattering and depolarizing behavior of water, ice and mixed-phase clouds are described in Parts I and II of this report. In Part I, we present the theoretical background and experimental apparatus for determining the angular scattering pattern in the laboratory. The experimental results obtained with vertically and horizontally polarized laser light (0.6328 μm) are given in the form of normalized scattering phase functions to facilitate their comparison to theoretical predictions. Close agreement between Mie theory and experiment is found for water clouds when the measured cloud droplet size distribution is input into the computations. For ice crystal clouds containing small (<50 μm), randomly oriented particles, the agreement with theory using either the spherical or long cylinder shape approximation is less noteworthy due to the presence of more intense side-scattering and the absence of cloudbows in the experimental ice data. The scattering behavior of mixed-.
Nonparametric stochastic regression with design-adapted wavelets

We present a new approach of nonparametric regression with wavelets if the design is stochastic. In contrast to existing approaches we use a new construction of a design- adapted wavelet basis which is constructed given the random regressors. To exemplify the potential of our new methodology we treat the case of using orthogonal design- adapted Haar wavelets for regression with (non-Gaussian) i.i. d. errors. We derive results on the near-optimal rate of convergence of the minimax L2-risk of non-linear threshold estimators over a certain function class which parallel those of the classical case of fixed equidistant design. We indicate generalisations in various directions and cover parts of those by empirical investigations in our simulation examples.
Initial light curve of Q2237 + 0305

This paper presents CCD photometry for the gravitationally lensed quasar system 2237 + 0305, in optical passbands from B through R, taken over a time period of more than 3 yr. These data provide new information about the probable microlensing event reported by Irwin et al. (1989); the rise time of this feature is approximately 26 days. Four additional independent brightness changes in the quasar images are detected. 11 refs.
The dynamic and gravitational instabilities of spherical shocks

In this paper we examine the stability of a thin spherical shock against dynamic and gravitational perturbations when the wavelength of the perturbation is large compared to the thickness of the dense shell. For dynamic perturbations, we find that a spherical isothermal shock, driven by a hot gas, is overstable against small perturbations. As a result, the fragmentation of the shell proceeds in an oscillatory manner. The smaller wavelength perturbations are most unstable, with the maximum growth rate being comparable to the inverse of the time it takes sound waves to propagate through the shell thickness. The nonradiating case is not subject to this overstability unless d ln P/d in rho is close to 1. The overstability can appear in cases where there is an ambient magnetic field. We also consider the growth of gravitationally driven perturbations. On cosmological time scales all such shocks are unstable, with the density perturbations growing as power laws in time. In the nonradiating case the maximum exponent is close to 1. On shorter time scales, only the isothermal shocks are unstable. Whenever the overstability mechanism is at work, gravitational instabilities can be neglected. We discuss the implications of these results for star formation, andmore » for hydrodynamic galaxy formation. « less
BiDimRegression: Bidimensional Regression Modeling Using R

Tobler (1965) introduced bidimensional regression to the research field of geography in'65 to provide a method for estimating mapping relations between two planes on the basis of regression modeling. The bidimensional regression method has been widely used within geographical research. However, the applicability in assessing the degree of similarity of two-dimensional patterns has not much explored in the area of psychological research, particularly in the domains of cognitive maps, face research and comparison of 2D-data patterns. Describing Tobler's method in detail, Friedman and Kohler (2003) made an attempt to bridge the gulf between geographical methodological knowledge and psychological research practice. Still, the method has not been incorporated into psychologists' standard methodical repertoire to date. The present paper aims to make bidimensional regression applicable also for researchers and users unfamiliar with its theoretical basis. The BiDimRegression function provides a manageable computing option for bidimensional regression models with affine and Euclidean transformation, which makes it easy to assess the similarity of any planar configuration of points. Typical applications are, for instance, assessments of the similarity of facial images defined by discrete features or of (cognitive) maps characterized by landmarks. BiDimRegression can be a valuable tool since it provides estimation, statistical inference, and goodness-of-fit measures for bidimensional regression.
OBSERVATIONS OF PULSAR SPECTRA.

The observed width of spectral features in CP 0328, CP 0834, and CP 1919 are approxmately proportional to the fourth power of frequency, thus supporting the hypothesis that the slow spectral variations of these pulsars are due to interstellar scintillation. The spectral features in CP 0834, CP 1133, and CP 1919 are observed to drift systematically at rates compatible with a simple interstellar scintillation model. Pulsar velocities of ~ 100 km sec−1 are inferred from these spectral drift rates.
Gamma ray irradiated silicon nanowires: An effective model to investigate defects at the interface of Si/SiOx

The effect of gamma ray irradiation on silicon nanowires was investigated. Here, an additional defect emerged in the gamma-ray-irradiated silicon nanowires and was confirmed with electron spin resonance spectra. 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that irradiation doses had influence on the Q4 unit structure. This phenomenon indicated that the unique core/shell structure of silicon nanowires might contribute to induce metastable defects under gamma ray irradiation, which served as a satisfactory model to investigate defects at the interface of Si/SiOx.