Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectric radiation detector based on a superconductor-ferromagnet junction: Calorimetric regime

We study the use of a thermoelectric junction as a thermal radiation detector in the calorimetric regime, where single radiation bursts can be separated in time domain. We focus especially on the case of a large thermoelectric figure of merit $ZT$ affecting significantly for example the relevant thermal time scales. This work is motivated by the use of hybrid superconductor/ferromagnet systems in creating an unprecedentedly high low-temperature $ZT$ even exceeding unity. Besides constructing a very general noise model which takes into account cross correlations between charge and heat noise, we show how the detector signal can be efficiently multiplexed by the use of resonant LC circuits giving a fingerprint to each pixel. We show that for realistic detectors operating at temperatures around 100 to 200 mK, the energy resolution can be as low as 1 meV. This allows for a broadband single-photon resolution at photon frequencies of the order or below 1 THz.
Engineering two-dimensional electron gases at the (001) and (101) surfaces of TiO 2 anatase using light

We report the existence of metallic two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at the (001) and (101) surfaces of bulk-insulating TiO2 anatase due to local chemical doping by oxygen vacancies in the near-surface region. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we find that the electronic structure at both surfaces is composed of two occupied subbands of d_xy orbital character. While the Fermi surface observed at the (001) termination is isotropic, the 2DEG at the (101) termination is anisotropic and shows a charge carrier density three times larger than at the (001) surface. Moreover, we demonstrate that intense UV synchrotron radiation can alter the electronic structure and stoichiometry of the surface up to the complete disappearance of the 2DEG. These results open a route for the nano-engineering of confined electronic states, the control of their metallic or insulating nature, and the tailoring of their microscopic symmetry, using UV illumination at different surfaces of anatase.
Bundles in advanced EAL authors’ articles: How do they compare with world Englishes practices?

With increasing numbers of scholars from around the world now engaged in international publishing to further their careers, many authors for whom English is not their first language worry about the acceptability of their language to journal editors. In this article we explore this issue by focusing on a key component of fluent academic writing: the high frequency fixed-word collocations known as lexical bundles, strings which are ‘glued together’ and help characterize smooth production. Here we compare their use in the pre-submission drafts of authors with different first languages with published papers in leading international journals. Our results suggest that language background cer-tainly contributes to the differences between our EAL texts and published papers, but that seniority and discipline also significantly impact these language choices.
The viscosity parameter α and the properties of accretion disc outbursts in close binaries

Context. The physical mechanisms driving angular momentum transport in accretion discs are still unknown. Although it is generally accepted that, in hot discs, the turbulence triggered by the magneto-rotational instability is at the origin of the accretion process in Keplerian discs, it has been found that the values of the stress-to-pressure ratio (the α “viscosity” parameter) deduced from observations of outbursting discs are an order of magnitude higher than those obtained in numerical simulations. Aims. We test the conclusion about the observation-deduced value of α using a new set of data and comparing the results with model outbursts. Methods. We analyse a set of observations of dwarf-nova and AM CVn star outbursts and from the measured decay times determine the hot-disc viscosity parameter αh. We determine if and how this method is model dependent. From the dwarf-nova disc instability model we determine an amplitude vs. recurrence-time relation and compare it to the empirical Kukarkin-Parenago relation between the same, but observed, quantities. Results. We found that all methods we tried, including the one based on the amplitude vs. recurrence-time relation, imply αh ∼ 0.1−0.2 and exclude values an order of magnitude lower. Conclusions. The serious discrepancy between the observed and the MRI-calculated values of the accretion disc viscosity parameter α is therefore real since there can be no doubt about the validity of the values deduced from observations of disc outbursts.
370 The Epi-RTMtechnology produces a polyclonal TIL product (LYL845) with a greater expansion success rate across hot and cold tumors, improved product phenotype, and maintenance of TCR diversity

Background Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrat-ing lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate durable responses in advanced solid tumors. 1-3 Effectiveness is driven by tumor-antigen recognition and maintenance of the diversity of T-cell receptors (TCR) found in the source tumor. As with all ACT, T-cell quality also impacts treatment efficacy, with more stem-like qualities associated with improved outcomes. 4-5 Current rapid-expansion protocols reduce TIL stemness and TCR diversity through progressive differentiation during ex vivo expansion. Therefore, strategies that enrich for stemness and preserve polyclonality, while maintaining a high production success rate, are needed. LYL845 is an autologous TIL product produced with our proprietary Epi-R TM epigenetic reprogram-ming protocol, which was developed to preserve polyclonality and tumor-reactive clones and enhance stem-like qualities and anti-tumor function of manufactured TIL products. Methods TIL products were produced from 3 different tumor types (melanoma, lung and colorectal cancer) treated with/ without checkpoint inhibitors [CPI] using the Epi-R technology and standard protocol. Characteristics of the resulting products (LYL845 and control, respectively) were compared using a matrix of assays and methods, including flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and TCR beta sequencing. Results Epi-R technology resulted in 100% success rate of TIL expansion across all three tumor types, versus 70% with the control process. LYL845 was enriched for CD8+ T cells without compromising polyclonality compared to control
Emerging research trends of total quality management in the COVID-19 pandemic: a dynamic evolution analysis

As the COVID-19 pandemic rages, the changing trends and emerging areas of total quality management (TQM) research before and after the COVID-19 pandemic are spotlighted, while the links between TQM and environmental social governance (ESG) are deeply discussed in this study. To explore the impact of the pandemic on TQM research, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is conducted by collecting 1465 pre-pandemic and 76 post-pandemic publications from the WoS database. Further, the fundamental characteristics, conceptual structure and intellectual and social structure of TQM research are statistically analysed through bibliometric tools. Consequently, this article methodically sorts out the evolution, new research areas, primary sources, national collaboration networks and influential themes within an intricate and large TQM research system. The linkages between ESG and TQM are explored by focussing on some emerging topics after the outbreak such as sustainability and environmental management, which advances the innovative attempt towards the goal of cooperating sustainability. Finally, we offer some enlightening new perspectives on economic construction and social life during the pandemic to better cope with the negative effects of the pandemic.
CLASH: THE ENHANCED LENSING EFFICIENCY OF THE HIGHLY ELONGATED MERGING CLUSTER MACS J0416.1−2403

We perform a strong lensing analysis of the merging galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1−2403 (M0416; z = 0.42) in recent CLASH/HST observations. We identify 70 new multiple images and candidates of 23 background sources in the range 0.7 ≲ zphot ≲ 6.14 including two probable high-redshift dropouts, revealing a highly elongated lens with axis ratio ≃5:1, and a major axis of ∼100″ (zs ∼ 2). Compared to other well-studied clusters, M0416 shows an enhanced lensing efficiency. Although the critical area is not particularly large (≃ 0.6 □′; zs ∼ 2), the number of multiple images, per critical area, is anomalously high. We calculate that the observed elongation boosts the number of multiple images, per critical area, by a factor of ∼2.5 ×, due to the increased ratio of the caustic area relative to the critical area. Additionally, we find that the observed separation between the two main mass components enlarges the critical area by a factor of ∼2. These geometrical effects can account for the high number (density) of multiple images observed. We find in numerical simulations that only ∼4% of the clusters (with Mvir ⩾ 6 × 1014 h−1 M☉) exhibit critical curves as elongated as in M0416.
Notes on the SL(2,R) CFT

This is a set of notes which reviews and addresses issues in the SL(2,R) conformal field theory, while working primarily in a basis of vertex operators of definite weight under the affine algebra. Following a review of the H3 coset model and the spectrum of the SL(2,R) CFT, derivations are given for the selection rules and the reduction of descendant to primary correlators involving arbitrary spectral flowed modules. Together with a description of the equivalence of correlation functions of fixed total spectral flow, this leads to an enumeration of the minimal set of three-point amplitudes required to determine the fusion rules. The corresponding fusion rules for elements of the spectrum are compared to those which arise through analytic continuation of the OPE of primary fields in the H3 model, and the apparent failure of the closure of the associated SL(2,R) OPE is described in detail. A discussion of the consistency of the respective fusion rules with the conjectured structure of equivalent factorizations of SL(2,R) four-point correlators is presented.
Weight Management for Students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Qualitative Study

(1) Background: Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are more likely to respond with an ineffective coping behavior, combined with an increased risk of weight gain and unhealthy food consumption. The aim of the study was to examine coping strategies adopted by overweight adults with ADHD to promote healthy behaviors and weight-control management. (2) Methods: Descriptive qualitative research using semi-structured interviews analyzed through a thematic content-analysis approach. The study included 30 college students diagnosed with ADHD, with a BMI ≥ 25.5, who had lost ≥10 kg within at least one year and successfully maintained that weight for the past three years. (3) Results: The study yielded two main themes. The first is struggling with disappointments and negative feelings in the past, and the second is the reciprocity between weight management and coping skills strategies. The second theme includes three subthemes—cognitive strategies, behavioral strategies, and emotional strategies. (4) Conclusions: It is essential to understand the variety of coping strategies used by adults to cope with ADHD challenges that can potentially improve weight control management and healthy behaviors to design better, more accurate interventions, promoting the target population’s well-being and health.
Two-dimensional ferroelectric tunnel junction: the case of SnSe

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have triggered considerable attention in the advanced applications of non-volatile information devices. However, critical thickness for ferroelectricity limits FTJS towards their applications at the nanoscale. Recently, some two-dimensional (2D) materials have been reported to show intrinsic in-plane ferroelectricity. Here, through the opposite dopants on the two sides of the monolayer group-IV monochalcogenides (GIVMs), we design a novel 2D-FTJ employing p-type semiconductor/ferroelectric/n-type semiconductor homostructure, coupling the electron tunneling with the robust in-plane ferroelectricity. This structure makes it possible to dynamically modulate tunneling electroresistance (TER) effect. Combining first-principles calculations with non-equilibrium Green's function formalism, herein, we reveal this mechanism by using In:SnSe/SnSe/Sb:SnSe homostructure as a prototypical example, where a large TER effect of around 1460% is obtained. Compares with the normal vertical FTJs, this lateral 2D-FTJ enormously improves the TER ratio and shows exciting prospects for device applications with higher data integration and reliable information retention in the future.
T / B scaling without quasiparticle mass divergence: YbCo 2 Ge 4

``Strange metal phases'', displaying strong deviations from Fermi liquid theory, are discussed in the context of cuprates, itinerant magnets, or heavy-fermion metals. Several Yb-based materials, e.g., $\ensuremath{\beta}$-YbAlB${}_{4}$ or the Au-Al-Yb quasicrystal, display $T$/$B$ scaling of magnetic and thermodynamic properties. This has been taken as evidence for zero-field quantum criticality without requirement to fine-tune composition and pressure. However, it appears unlikely that materials are accidentally located at such a special point in multidimensional phase space. In this paper, the authors demonstrate by a thermodynamic study on the new Kondo lattice compound YbCo${}_{2}$Ge${}_{4}$ that $T$/$B$ scaling and a divergence of the magnetic Gr\"uneisen parameter can arise without a quasiparticle mass divergence and in the absence of zero-field quantum criticality. They discuss alternative scenarios for such strange metal behavior.
Temperature evolution of infrared- and Raman-active phonons in graphite

We perform a comparative experimental and theoretical study of the temperature dependence up to 700 K of the frequency and linewidths of the graphite E1u and E2g optical phonons (∼1590 and 1580 cm−1) by infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Despite their similar character, the temperature dependence of the two modes is quite different, e.g., the frequency shift of the IR-active E1u mode is almost twice as big as that of the Raman-active E2g mode. Ab initio calculations of the anharmonic properties are in remarkable agreement with measurements and explain the observed behavior.
Suffruticosol B Is an Osteogenic Inducer through Osteoblast Differentiation, Autophagy, Adhesion, and Migration

Suffruticosol B (Suf-B) is a stilbene found in Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR. , which has been traditionally used in medicine. Stilbenes and their derivatives possess various pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporotic activities. This study aimed to explore the bone-forming activities and mechanisms of Suf-B in pre-osteoblasts. Herein, >99.9% pure Suf-B was isolated from P. suffruticosa methanolic extracts. High concentrations of Suf-B were cytotoxic, whereas low concentrations did not affect cytotoxicity in pre-osteoblasts. Under zero levels of cytotoxicity, Suf-B exhibited bone-forming abilities by enhancing alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities, bone matrix calcification, and expression levels with non-collagenous proteins. Suf-B induces intracellular signal transduction, leading to nuclear RUNX2 expression. Suf-B-stimulated differentiation showed increases in autophagy proteins and autophagosomes, as well as enhancement of osteoblast adhesion and transmigration on the ECM. These results indicate that Suf-B has osteogenic qualities related to differentiation, autophagy, adhesion, and migration. This also suggests that Suf-B could have a therapeutic effect as a phytomedicine in skeletal disorders.
Snowflake growth in three dimensions using phase field modelling

Snowflake growth provides us with a fascinating example of spontaneous pattern formation in nature. Attempts to understand this phenomenon have led to important insights in non-equilibrium dynamics observed in various active scientific fields, ranging from pattern formation in physical and chemical systems, to self-assembly problems in biology. Yet, very few models currently succeed in reproducing the diversity of snowflake forms in three dimensions, and the link between model parameters and thermodynamic quantities is not established. Here, we report a modified phase field model that describes the subtlety of the ice vapour phase transition, through anisotropic water molecules attachment and condensation, surface diffusion, and strong anisotropic surface tension, that guarantee the anisotropy, faceting and dendritic growth of snowflakes. We demonstrate that this model reproduces the growth dynamics of the most challenging morphologies of snowflakes from the Nakaya diagram. We find that the growth dynamics of snow crystals matches the selection theory, consistently with previous experimental observations.
A General Criterion for the Dynamical Stability of Anisotropic Newtonian Systems

The problem of the dynamical stability of anistropic systems is studied, by proposing a criterion in terms of the adiabatic local index $\gamma$. The result has general validity and can be applied to several physical situations. Configurations that cannot exist in the isotropic regime can exist in the anisotropic one. Some applications of the criterion are also included.
STRUCTURE FORMATION BY FIFTH FORCE: POWER SPECTRUM FROM N-BODY SIMULATIONS

We lay out the framework to numerically study nonlinear structure formation in the context of scalar-field-coupled cold dark matter models (φCDM models) where the scalar field φ serves as dynamical dark energy. Adopting parameters for the scalar field that leave negligible effects on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum, we generate the initial conditions for our N-body simulations. The simulations follow the spatial distributions of dark matter and the scalar field, solving their equations of motion using a multilevel adaptive grid technique. We show that the spatial configuration of the scalar field depends sensitively on the local density field. The φCDM model differs from standard ΛCDM at small scales with observable modifications of, e.g., the mass function of halos as well as the matter power spectrum. Nevertheless, the predictions of both models for the Hubble expansion and the CMB spectrum are virtually indistinguishable. Hence, galaxy cluster counts and weak lensing observations, which probe structure formation at small scales, are needed to falsify this class of models.
Black hole hair in generalized scalar-tensor gravity: An explicit example

In a recent paper we showed that in shift-symmetric Horndeski theory the scalar field is forced to obtain a nontrivial configuration in black hole spacetimes, unless a linear coupling with the Gauss--Bonnet invariant is tuned away. As a result, black holes generically have hair in this theory. In this companion paper, we first review our argument and discuss it in more detail. We then present actual black hole solutions in the simplest case of a theory with the linear scalar-Gauss--Bonnet coupling. We generate exact solutions numerically for a wide range of values of the coupling and also construct analytic solutions perturbatively in the small-coupling limit. Comparison of the two types of solutions indicates that nonlinear effects that are not captured by the perturbative solution lead to a finite area, as opposed to a central, singularity. Remarkably, black holes have a minimum size, controlled by the length scale associated with the scalar-Gauss--Bonnet coupling. We also compute some phenomenological observables for the numerical solution for a wide range of values of the scalar-Gauss--Bonnet coupling. Deviations from the Schwarzschild geometry are generically very small.
A novel approach to the bias-variance problem in bump hunting

This study explores various data-driven methods for performing background-model selection, and for assigning uncertainty on the signal-strength estimator that arises due to the choice of background model. The performance of these methods is evaluated in the context of several realistic example problems. Furthermore, a novel strategy is proposed that greatly simplifies the process of performing a bump hunt when little is assumed to be known about the background. This new approach is shown to greatly reduce the potential bias in the signal-strength estimator, without degrading the sensitivity by increasing the variance, and to produce confidence intervals with valid coverage properties.
Multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for fermions: Implementation, exactness, and few-fermion tunneling to open space

We report on an implementation of the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method (MCTDH) for spin-polarized fermions (MCTDHF). Our approach is based on a mapping for operators in Fock space that allows a compact and efficient application of the Hamiltonian and solution of the MCTDHF equations of motion. Our implementation extends, builds on, and exploits the recursive implementation of MCTDH for bosons (R-MCTDHB) package. Together with R-MCTDHB, the present implementation of MCTDHF forms the MCTDH-X package. We benchmark the accuracy of the algorithm with the harmonic interaction model and a time-dependent generalization thereof. These models consider parabolically trapped particles that interact through a harmonic interaction potential. We demonstrate that MCTDHF is capable of solving the time-dependent many-fermion Schrodinger equation to an arbitrary degree of precision and can hence yield numerically exact results even in the case of Hamiltonians with time-dependent one-body and two-body potentials. We study the problem of two initially parabolically confined and charged fermions tunneling through a barrier to open space. We demonstrate the validity of a model proposed previously for the many-body tunneling to open space of bosonic particles with contact interactions [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 13521 (2012)]. The many-fermion tunneling can be built up from sequentially happening single-fermion tunneling processes. The characteristic momenta of these processes are determined by the chemical potentials of trapped subsystems of smaller particle numbers: The escaped fermions convert the different chemical potentials into kinetic energy. Using the two-body correlation function, we present a detailed picture of the sequentiality of the process and are able to tell tunneling from over-the-barrier escape.
Gemini/GRACES spectroscopy of stars in Tri II

The chemical abundance ratios and radial velocities for two stars in the recently discovered Triangulum II faint dwarf galaxy have been determined from high resolution, medium signalto-noise ratio spectra from the Gemini-GRACES facility. These stars have stellar parameters and metallicities similar to those derived from their photometry and medium-resolution Ca II triplet spectra, and supports that Triangulum II has a metallicity spread consistent with chemical evolution in a dwarf galaxy. The elemental abundances show that both stars have typical calcium abundances and barium upper limits for their metallicities, but low magnesium and sodium. This chemical composition resembles some stars in dwarf galaxies, attributed to inhomogeneous mixing in a low star formation environment, and/or yields from only a few supernova events. One of our targets (Star40) has an enhancement in potassium, and resembles some stars in the unusual outer halo star cluster, NGC2419. Our other target (Star46) appears to be a binary based on a change in its radial velocity (∆vrad = 24.5 ±2.1 km s−1). This is consistent with variations found in binary stars in other dwarf galaxies. While this serves as a reminder of the high binary fraction in these ultra faint dwarf galaxies, this particular object has had little impact on the previous determination of the velocity dispersion in Triangulum II. Subject headings: dwarf galaxies: general — dwarf galaxies : individual(Triangulum II)