Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plagioclases from the basalt of Okinawa Trough and its petrogenesis significance.

There are three different generations of plagiclases in the basalt of Okinawa Tr ough: phenocryst, microphenocryst and groundmass plagioclase. The average size o f phenocryst is 100 μm ±, microphenocryst 13 μm± and with groundmass plagioc lase 2μm±. Electron microprobe analysis shows that there are distinctive compo sitional differences between core and edges of the phenocryst, that is, a higher platform in the core and a lower platform in the edges. The An values of the hi gher platform in cores vary from 80 to 90, and for the lower platform in edges t he An values are between 60 and 70, which well agree with the chemical compositi on of microphenocryst. Based on the plagioclase geothermometer, the temperatures of phenocryst core and edge were found to be about 1250℃ and 1050℃, respectiv ely. The temperature of groundmass plagioclase is just about 950℃. We thus cons ider that these characteristic features of plagioclases record the dynamic proce ss of the basaltic magma: the core of phenocryst reflecting the features of magm a source, while the edges of phenocryst and microphenocryst indicating the featu res of the magma chamber, and the groundmass plagioclase recording the eruption process.
Extract of Rhoeo Discolor Leaf as a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent in the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been synthesized using Rhoeo discolor leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. AgNPs were synthesized by adding silver nitrate to the extract of Rhoeo discolor and incubating it in a boiling water bath. The change in color of the mixture from clear to yellow indicated AgNPs formation. The synthesized AgNPs were spherical and showed an absorption peak at around 410-420 nm. The size of particles was distributed from 92 to 485 nm with an average size of 176 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.185. The stability test showed that synthesized AgNPs were stable for three months of storage at ambient temperature. The extract of Rhoeo discolor were responsible for reducing silver ion and stabilizing the synthesized AgNPs.
Reconciling seismic AVO and precritical reflection FWI - Analysis of the inverse Hessian

We analyze the role played by amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) information in the construction of full waveform inversion (FWI) updates from pre-critical seismic reflection data. In particular an approximate inverse Hessian operator which emphasizes correlations between different parameters collocated in space is discussed. This approximation, which we refer to as being of parameter-type, combines data across angles in a manner consistent with linearized AVO-inversion. In this paper, the second of two communications on the subject, the details of this approximation are exposed with an analytic calculation of the first iteration in a FWI reconstruction of a single acoustic interface. In the course of the calculation parameter cross-talk is seen to be eliminated to leading order.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Pemasaran di Media Sosial, Ulasan Elektronik dari Mulut ke Mulut, dan Penyokong Selebriti terhadap Niat Membeli dengan Kesadaran Merek sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus pada Scarlett Whitening di Kalangan Generasi Z Kota Semarang

This study aims to analyze the effect of social media marketing activities, electronic word of mouth, celebrity endorsement, and brand awareness on purchasing intention making (a study on Scarlett Whitening in Generation Z Semarang City), as well as to find out the variables that most influence purchasing intention so that it can be an overview in making strategies to increase purchasing intention for Scarlett Whitening. This research was conducted for residents residing in Semarang. The number of samples in this study were 114 respondents with the criteria being active Instagram users that knowing and had visited @scarlett_whitening before who are 17 – 27 years old and domiciled in Semarang City. The data collection method used in this study is through a questionnaire. This study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as an analytical tool. The results of this study indicate that social media marketing activities has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness, electronic word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness, celebrity endorsement has a positive and significant effect on brand awarenes, brand awareness has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. In other hand, social media marketing activities, electronic word of mouth, and celebrity endorsement have no effect on purchase intention.
Generation of microcracks by dynamic shear rupture and its effects on rupture growth and elastic wave radiation

Laboratory and field observations suggest that dynamically propagating earthquake faults generate a large number of tensile microcracks in their vicinity, which will contribute to the formation of fault zones. Intense interactions are expected to occur between such microcracks and a dynamically propagating fault, which will complicate the fault growth. Near-field seismic waves will also be affected by the generation of microcracks. We numerically study how such tensile microcracks are generated and how dynamic growth of a macroscopic shear rupture and near-field elastic waves are affected by the distribution of generated microcracks. It is essential to consider a large number of microcracks in such studies, so that it is impractical to consider each microcrack individually from the viewpoint of computation time and memory. We overcome this difficulty by representing the microcrack distribution by anisotropic properties of the overall elastic coefficients on the basis of Hudson's (1980) study. Our simulations show that the decrease in the microcrack density is approximated well by a logarithmic function of the distance from the rupture plane. Microcracks on the dilational side of the rupture plane are shown to make larger angles to the rupture plane than on the compressive side. These are consistent with field and laboratory observations. It is also shown that dynamically generated microcracks tend to reduce the rupture-tip shear stress. This implies that the dynamic growth of a shear rupture is more decelerated when microcracks are generated than when the shear rupture is isolated in an isotropic and homogeneous medium. If the dynamic rupture growth is arrested suddenly, an abrupt expansion of the distribution zone of microcracks is shown to occur near the arrested rupture tip. Aftershocks are expected to cluster in this zone because of the shear stress enhancement there and the high density of distributed microcracks, which facilitates aftershock occurrence due to dynamic coalescence of microcracks. Our simulations also show that the component of radiated displacement waves perpendicular to the rupture plane is much more affected by the generation of microcracks than the parallel component.
Comparison of dust source identification techniques over land in the Middle East region using MODIS data

This paper compares and evaluates four principal methods of dust source and plume identification using MODIS data. The four MODIS methods used here are: (i) Roskovensky and Liou's dust identification algorithm, (ii) Ackerman's model, (iii) Normalized Difference Dust Index (NDDI), and (iv) Deep Blue algorithm. These techniques were applied to three recent significant events in the Middle East region. In addition, true color images and the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model were used to evaluate the result of each technique. To optimize the result of dust detection for each technique, the published dust–nondust thresholds had to be considerably adjusted on an event-by-event basis. Results show that techniques that use brightness temperature (BT) difference are the most reliable techniques for dust source detection in several situations such as multiplume and multimineralogical conditions (unlike the NDDI index and other optical based algorithms). However, these techniques cannot effectively differentiate dust plume from the bright desert surfaces (due to the same thermal behavior of dust and desert surfaces in both BT31 and BT32). This weakness impelled us to develop a new model based on Ackerman's technique because of its more precise results in dust source identification. In this new presented model called Middle East Dust Index (MEDI), BT29 was involved to highlight the difference between dust and desert surfaces as the [(BT31–BT29)/(BT32–BT29)] equation. In this equation, the values of dusty pixels are less than 0.6 while nondusty pixels are greater than 0.6. Results indicate that the MEDI model is ideal in both identifying dust plume and sources and desert surfaces. Finally, due to some misclassification of the MEDI model in differentiating cirrus clouds from dust plumes, the NDDI index was added to the initial model to distinguish them more accurately.
Showrunners españoles en la era Netflix: Indicadores de tareas para su definición

La reciente evolución del guionista a productor en el renovado ecosistema televisivo en España carece todavía de criterios consensuados en su definición y delimitación académica. Este artículo aporta una tabla con los indicadores de tareas a desempeñar por el productor, como herramienta metodológica futura en el análisis y acotamiento en la definición del showrunner. Para la creación de la tabla se ha usado una metodología que combina la revisión de la literatura académica junto a entrevistas en profundidad a 9 guionistas y/o productores ejecutivos de 23 series estrenadas desde el año 1998 a 2021. La aplicación de esta tabla en la producción española ha demostrado que el showrunner español no cumple con todas las funciones señaladas en el instrumento.
Direct Current Stimulation Modulates Synaptic Facilitation via Distinct Presynaptic Calcium Channels

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a subthreshold neurostimulation technique known for ameliorating neuropsychiatric conditions. The principal mechanism of tDCS is the differential polarization of subcellular neuronal compartments, particularly the axon terminals that are sensitive to external electrical fields. Yet, the underlying mechanism of tDCS is not fully clear. Here, we hypothesized that direct current stimulation (DCS)-induced modulation of presynaptic calcium channel conductance alters axon terminal dynamics with regard to synaptic vesicle release. To examine the involvement of calcium-channel subtypes in tDCS, we recorded spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) from cortical layer-V pyramidal neurons under DCS while selectively inhibiting distinct subtypes of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Blocking P/Q or N-type calcium channels occluded the effects of DCS on sEPSCs, demonstrating their critical role in the process of DCS-induced modulation of spontaneous vesicle release. However, inhibiting T-type calcium channels did not occlude DCS-induced modulation of sEPSCs, suggesting that despite being active in the subthreshold range, T-type calcium channels are not involved in the axonal effects of DCS. DCS modulates synaptic facilitation by regulating calcium channels in axon terminals, primarily via controlling P/Q and N-type calcium channels, while T-type calcium channels are not involved in this mechanism.
Conventional vs. Organic: Evaluation of Nutritional, Functional and Sensory Quality of Citrus limon

Organic farming is growing rapidly worldwide since it is perceived as more respectful of the environment than conventional farming. In this sense, organic agriculture is highly appreciated by consumers since consumers around the world believe that organic food has a higher content of beneficial compounds for health and consider it of higher quality. For that reason, the objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional, sensorial, and functional quality of the ‘Fino 49’ lemon grafted on Citrus macrophylla in conventional and organic cultivation. Fatty acids, amino acids, total phenol, and polyphenols were quantified, antioxidant activity was measured, and sensory descriptive analysis was performed. Conventional farming led to an increase in amino acid content (641 mg L−1) and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (254 mg 100 g−1) and monounsaturated fatty acids (37.61 mg 100 g−1). On the other hand, organically produced lemon fruits had better sensory profile (highlighting overall aroma (6.5), lemon odor (6.8), sourness (5.8), floral (0.6), and fresh lemon flavor (9.8)), and lower thrombogenicity index (0.15). The type of cultivation (organic and conventional) had no influence on the antioxidant activity (~1.60, ~3.08, and ~4.16 mmol Trolox L−1 for ABTS+, DPPH•, and FRAP, respectively) and polyphenols content (85.51 and 86.69 conventional and organic, respectively). However, to establish the advantages and disadvantages of different types of cultivation on lemon quality more studies are needed.
DAMPs and alarmin gene expression patterns in aging healthy and diseased mucosal tissues

Introduction Periodontitis is delineated by a dysbiotic microbiome at sites of lesions accompanied by a dysregulated persistent inflammatory response that undermines the integrity of the periodontium. The interplay of the altered microbial ecology and warning signals from host cells would be a critical feature for maintaining or re-establishing homeostasis in these tissues. Methods This study used a nonhuman primate model (Macaca mulatta) with naturally-occurring periodontitis (n = 34) and experimental ligature-induced periodontitis (n = 36) to describe the features of gene expression for an array of damage-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs) or alarmins within the gingival tissues. The animals were age stratified into: ≤3 years (Young), 7–12 years (Adolescent), 12–15 years (Adult) and 17–23 years (Aged). Gingival tissue biopsies were examined via microarray. The analysis focused on 51 genes representative of the DAMPs/alarmins family of host cell warning factors and 18 genes associated with tissue destructive processed in the gingival tissues. Bacterial plaque samples were collected by curette sampling and 16S rRNA gene sequences used to describe the oral microbiome. Results A subset of DAMPs/alarmins were expressed in healthy and naturally-occurring periodontitis tissues in the animals and suggested local effects on gingival tissues leading to altered levels of DAMPs/alarmins related to age and disease. Significant differences from adult healthy levels were most frequently observed in the young and adolescent animals with few representatives in this gene array altered in the healthy aged gingival tissues. Of the 51 target genes, only approximately ⅓ were altered by ≥1.5-fold in any of the age groups of animals during disease, with those increases observed during disease initiation. Distinctive positive and negative correlations were noted with the DAMP/alarmin gene levels and comparative expression changes of tissue destructive molecules during disease across the age groups. Finally, specific correlations of DAMP/alarmin genes and relative abundance of particular microbes were observed in health and resolution samples in younger animals, while increased correlations during disease in the older groups were noted. Conclusions Thus, using this human-like preclinical model of induced periodontitis, we demonstrated the dynamics of the activation of the DAMP/alarmin warning system in the gingival tissues that showed some specific differences based on age.
Tannery wastewater sludge ash for the production of waterproofing membrane: a technical and environmental feasibility study

Sludge from tannery effluent treatment processes is a by-product of leather-ma king industry, in which chrome compounds are the most common used materials. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects and feasibility in the use of tannery sludge ash as a partial or total replacement of usual mineral filler such as in manufacture of waterproofing membranes. The effects of sludge ash on the morphology and mechanical properties of membranes were investigated. Leaching tests were carried out in order to guarantee that the fulfilment of “filler function” was done in respect with environmental criteria. Besides, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was performed in order to assess the environmental performances of the waterproofing membrane filled by tannery sludge ash in comparison with the conventionally filled membrane. The performances of the membranes and the results of environmental assessment indicate that tannery sludge ash may be used as total replacement of CaCO3 for waterproofing membranes.
Effect of Mycotoxins in Silage on Biogas Production

Mycotoxins can pose a threat to biogas production as they can contaminate the feedstock used in biogas production, such as agricultural crops and other organic materials. This research study evaluated the contents of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), fumonisin (FUM), and aflatoxin (AFL) mycotoxins in maize silage prior to it being processed in a biogas plant and in digestate produced at the end of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. In the experiment, three samples of silage were collected from one silage warehouse: Variant 1 = low contamination, Variant 2 = medium contamination, and Variant 3 = heavy contamination, which were subjected to investigation. A significantly reduced biogas production was recorded that was proportional to the increasing contamination with molds, which was primarily due to the AD of silage caused by technologically erroneous silage treatment. The AD was connected with changes in silage composition expressed by the values of VS content, sugar content, lactic acid content, acetic acid content, and the ratio of lactic acid content to acetic acid content. The production of biogas and methane decreased with the increasing contents of NDF, ADF, CF, and lignin. The only exception was Variant 2, in which the content of ADF, CF, and lignin was lower (by 8–11%) than that in Variant 1, and only the content of NDF was higher (by 9%) than that in Variant 1. A secondary factor that also correlated with changes in the composition of the substrate was the development of undesirable organisms, which further contributed to its degradation and to the production of mycotoxins. It was also demonstrated in this study that during the AD process, the tested mycotoxins were degraded, and their content was reduced by 27–100%. Only the variant with low mold contamination showed a DON concentration increase of 27.8%.
Frequency of surgical bone augmentation methods complementary to dental implant placement: A study evaluated with cone beam computed tomography

Background The success of dental implants largely depends on the quantity and quality of available bone. Occasionally, it is necessary to perform additional surgical techniques alongside implant placement to increase the available bone volume and ensure the success and survival of treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through cone beam computed tomography, the need for supplementary bone augmentation methods in implant placement. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the frequency of such techniques based on gender, anatomical sectors, and types of bone augmentation procedures. Material and Methods The analysis included 106 cone beam computed tomography images obtained from 77 patients over the age of 18 who sought oral rehabilitation with implants at the University Clinic of the Master’s Program in Oral Implantology at the European University of Valencia. Results A total of 201 edentulous sextants were analyzed. It was observed that 63.68% of the sextants required a bone augmentation technique, and there was a statistically significant difference (p=0.039) regarding the need for supplementary techniques in women. The need for bone augmentation by sectors was most prevalent the horizontal type (48.11%) and in the mandible (29.41%). About crestal and lateral approaches for sinus elevation, there was a higher need for the lateral technique (49.38%), and a statistically significant difference was evident (p=0.015). Conclusions A high frequency of bone augmentation need for implant placement was demonstrated. It was shown that some form of supplementary surgical method was required in implant placement (63.68%). The highest need for bone augmentation was observed in the posterior maxillary sector, primarily in the vertical type (29.27%), accompanied by lateral window sinus elevation technique (49.38%). Key words:Bone graft, Dental implant, Guided bone regeneration, Sinus floor augmentation, Cone beam computed tomography.
Investigating the Cardiovascular Benefits of Dapagliflozin: Vasodilatory Effect on Isolated Rat Coronary Arteries

Dapagliflozin, a sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, is an antidiabetic medication that reduces blood glucose. Although it is well known that dapagliflozin has additional benefits beyond glycemic control, such as reducing blood pressure and lowering the risk of cardiovascular events, no sufficient research data are available on the direct effect of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular function. Thus, in this study, we investigated the direct vascular effect of dapagliflozin on isolated rat coronary arteries. The left descending coronary arteries of 13-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were cut into segments 2–3 mm long and mounted in a multi-wire myography system to measure isometric tension. Dapagliflozin effectively reduced blood vessel constriction induced by U-46619 (500 nM) in coronary arteries regardless of the endothelium. Treatment with an eNOS inhibitor (L-NNA, 100 μM), sGC inhibitor (ODQ, 5 μM), or COX inhibitor (indomethacin, 3 μM) did not affect the vasodilation induced by dapagliflozin. The application of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCa) blocker (TEA, 2 mM), voltage-dependent K+ channel (KV) blocker (4-AP, 2 mM), ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker (KATP) glibenclamide (3 μM), and inward-rectifier K+ channel (KIR) blocker (BaCl2, 30 μM) did not affect the dapagliflozin-induced vasodilation either. The treatment with dapagliflozin decreased contractile responses induced by the addition of Ca2+, which suggested that the extracellular Ca2+ influx was inhibited by dapagliflozin. Treatment with dapagliflozin decreased the phosphorylation level of the 20 kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) in vascular smooth muscle cells. In the present study, we found that dapagliflozin has a significant vasodilatory effect on rat coronary arteries. Our findings suggest a novel pharmacologic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in diabetic patients through the modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis via dapagliflozin administration.
Thermodynamic and Vibrational Aspects of Peptide Bond Hydrolysis and Their Potential Relationship to the Harmfulness of Infrared Radiation

The primary physicochemical effect upon exposure to infrared radiation (IR) is the temperature increase of cells. The degradation of proteins via the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is related to cell malfunction. In this work, the degradation of proteins/peptides under the influence of IR radiation is theoretically studied. It is shown that the low value of enthalpy of peptide bond hydrolysis has two consequences: (a) the enthalpy of hydrolysis is sensitive to small variations in the bond strength, and the hydrolysis of weak peptide bonds is exothermic, while the hydrolysis of stronger bonds is endothermic; (b) the increase in temperature (e.g., due to IR exposure) changes the enthalpy of the reaction of some weak peptide bonds from exothermic to endothermic (that is, their hydrolysis will be favored upon further increase in temperature). Simple calculations reveal that the amount of absorbed energy during the overtone and hot band transitions of the H–O–H and C–N stretching vibrations is comparable to the activation energy of the (uncatalyzed) hydrolysis. A critical discussion is provided regarding the influence of different IR wavelengths on peptide bond hydrolysis.