Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifecycle of laser-produced air sparks

We investigated the lifecycle of laser-generated air sparks or plasmas using multiple plasma diagnostic tools. The sparks were generated by focusing the fundamental radiation from an Nd:YAG laser in air, and studies included early and late time spark dynamics, decoupling of the shock wave from the plasma core, emission from the spark kernel, cold gas excitation by UV radiation, shock waves produced by the air spark, and the spark's final decay and turbulence formation. The shadowgraphic and self-emission images showed similar spark morphology at earlier and late times of its lifecycle; however, significant differences are seen in the midlife images. Spectroscopic studies in the visible region showed intense blackbody-type radiation at early times followed by clearly resolved ionic, atomic, and molecular emission. The detected spectrum at late times clearly contained emission from both CN and N2+. Additional spectral features have been identified at late times due to emission from O and N atoms, indicating.
ON THE NATURE OF THE PROTOTYPE LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLE AG CARINAE. II. WITNESSING A MASSIVE STAR EVOLVING CLOSE TO THE EDDINGTON AND BISTABILITY LIMITS

We show that the significantly different effective temperatures (Teff) achieved by the luminous blue variable AG Carinae during the consecutive visual minima of 1985–1990 (Teff ≃ 22,800 K) and 2000–2001 (Teff ≃ 17,000 K) place the star on different sides of the bistability limit, which occurs in line-driven stellar winds around Teff ∼ 21,000 K. Decisive evidence is provided by huge changes in the optical depth of the Lyman continuum in the inner wind as Teff changes during the S Dor cycle. These changes cause different Fe ionization structures in the inner wind. The bistability mechanism is also related to the different wind parameters during visual minima: the wind terminal velocity was 2–3 times higher and the mass-loss rate roughly two times smaller in 1985–1990 than in 2000–2003. We obtain a projected rotational velocity of 220 ± 50 km s−1 during 1985–1990 which, combined with the high luminosity (L⋆ = 1.5 × 106 L☉), puts AG Car extremely close to the Eddington limit modified by rotation (ΩΓ limit): for an inclination angle of 90°, ΓΩ ≳ 1.0 for M☉ ≲ 60. Based on evolutionary models and mass budget, we obtain an initial mass of ∼100 M☉ and a current mass of ∼60–70 M☉ for AG Car. Therefore, AG Car is close to, if not at, the ΩΓ limit during visual minimum. Assuming M = 70 M☉, we find that ΓΩ decreases from 0.93 to 0.72 as AG Car expands toward visual maximum, suggesting that the star is not above the Eddington limit during maximum phases.
Future Prediction on SNIP using Fuzzy Logic

: IDS which are increasingly a key part of system defense are used to identify abnormal activities in a computer system. Early systems employed the usage of firewalls, and to take reactive measures, NIDS was developed. Various data-mining and machine learning techniques have been used in the literature. In the proposed system, we have designed a system using fuzzy logic and the famous Mamdani Model-for effectively identifying and inferring the intrusion activities within a network. The proposed fuzzy logic-based system will be able to detect an intrusion, specifically a probe attack of the networks, since the rule base contains a better set of rules. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed intrusion detection system are performed with the KDD Cup 99 intrusion detection dataset. The experimental results clearly show that the proposed system achieved higher precision in identifying whether the records are normal or probe attacks.
Robert Denkhaus

Feral hog populations have long been established in Texas. Expanding hog populations and increasing urban sprawl have brought humans and feral hogs into contact even in urban areas. The Fort Worth Nature Center & Refuge is a 3,600+ acre urban green space owned by the City of Fort Worth and managed by employees of the City’s Parks and Community Services Department as a natural, native landscape. Evidence of feral hog activity on the site was first documented in 1999. Efforts to develop a suitable control plan that would protect the natural resources of the refuge, while being cognizant of internal and external stakeholders’ diverse concerns, were undertaken over a 2-year period. These efforts culminated in the implementation of a successful ongoing trap and euthanize feral hog control program that has received wide acceptance from all stakeholders.
Book Reviews Teaching Controversy

At first glance, Levy Visano and Lisa Jakubowski provide a rationale, framework and model for teaching controversial issues in higher education. At a deeper level, this book explores the post-structural and post-modern paradigm of Paulo Friere’s radical critical pedagogy (1970) by providing a Canadian context and perspective. In both cases, the central themes explore the role of power and privilege, grounded in struggle and oppression by hearing the “voice of the silenced,” and using culture and social context as the basis for learning and growth. Just as Friere focused on educating illiterate adults in Brazil to be able to look critically at the world in order to develop self-dignity, self-awareness and societal change through experience and action, these authors address similar experiences of First Nations Peoples and other marginalized groups. The central premise of the book is that teaching controversy is valued and necessary at the university level, yet problematic and difficult to achieve because of the power differential between students and teachers, and between those of privilege (white male) and those of marginalized groups. The authors state:
Optimal Allocation of a Hybrid Photovoltaic Biogas Energy System Using Multi-Objective Feasibility Enhanced Particle Swarm Algorithm

: This paper aims to investigate a hybrid photovoltaic (PV) biogas on-grid energy system in Al-Ghabawi territory, Amman, Jordan. The system is accomplished by assessing the system’s reliability and economic viability. Realistic hourly measurements of solar irradiance, ambient temperature, municipal solid waste, and load demand in 2020 were obtained from Jordanian governmental entities. This helps in investigating the proposed system on a real megawatt-scale retroﬁtting power system. Three case scenarios were performed: loss of power supply probability (LPSP) with total net present cost (TNPC), LPSP with an annualized cost of the system (ACS), and TNPC with the index of reliability (IR). Pareto frontiers were obtained using multi-objective feasibility enhanced particle swarm optimization (MOFEPSO) algorithm. The system’s decision variables were the number of PV panels ( N pv ) and the number of biogas plant working hours per day ( t biogas ). Moreover, three non-dominant Pareto frontier solutions are discussed, including reliable, affordable, and best solutions obtained by fuzzy logic. Double-diode (DD) solar PV model was implemented to obtain an accurate sizing of the proposed system. For instance, the best solution of the third case is held at TNPC of 64.504 million USD/yr and IR of 96.048%. These ﬁndings were revealed at 33,459 panels and 12.498 h/day. Further, system emissions for each scenario have been tested. Finally, decision makers are invited to adopt to the ﬁndings and energy management strategy of this paper to ﬁnd reliable and cost-effective best solutions.
1 H MRSI evidence of metabolic abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia

In adult schizophrenia, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 14 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have revealed volumetric 15 and metabolic defects in multiple brain regions, among them the 16 anterior cingulate, frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, parietal cortex, 17 and frontal and parietal white matter. This study used proton magnetic 18 resonance spectroscopic imaging (s 1 H MRSI) to identify potential 19 metabolic abnormalities in these regions in childhood-onset schizo- 20 phrenia. 1 H MRSI was acquired at 1.5 T and 272 ms echo time in 11 21 children and adolescents with schizophrenia (aged 7–18 years; seven 22 boys, four girls; all but two medicated) and 20 age-matched healthy 23 controls (10 boys, 10 girls). Absolute levels of N -acetyl compounds 24 (NAA), creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr), and choline compounds 25 (Cho) were compared among groups in each region. In schizophrenic 26 patients relative to controls, Cr was 14.3% higher in superior anterior 27 cingulate (mean of left and right hemispheres). Cho was higher in 28 superior anterior cingulate (30.3%), frontal cortex (13.3%), and 29 caudate head (13.5%). In the thalamus, there was also a diagnosis- 30 by-gender interaction, whereby NAAwas lower in patients for male but 31 not for female subjects. Elevated Cr suggests abnormal local cell- 32 energy demand and elevated Cho is consistent with a prior proposal 33 that patients with early age-of-onset schizophrenia exhibit phospholipid 34 membrane disturbances. Low NAA may reflect diminished neuronal 35 integrity.
A Correlation Between Optical, X-ray, and Gamma-ray Variations in Blazar 3C 454.3

We present the light curve data of a remarkable blazer 3C 454.3 (z=0.859) in optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray bands. Since January 2008, we have been monitoring this object using the 50 cm MITSuME, a optical telescope, and detected several flares including extraordinary and simultaneous flares in the $\gamma$-ray and optical bands in November 2010. Additionally, the Monitor of All-sky Image (MAXI) has been observing 3C 454.3 continuously since August 2009. Using these data and gamma-ray flux observed with Fermi-LAT, we discuss features and correlations of flux variations between the energy bands.
Clinical e cacy of irinotecan plus raltitrexed chemotherapy in refractory esophageal squamous cell cancer: a retrospective study

Min Liu Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Qingqing Jia Clinical Medical College,Yangzhou University Xiaolin Wang Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Changjiang Sun Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Jianqi Yang Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Yanliang Chen Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Ying Li Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Lingfeng Min Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Xizhi Zhang Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Caiyun Zhu Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University Johannes Artiaga Gubat Linkoping University Yong Chen (  chenyong_jsyz@sina.com ) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3876-0158
Fault tolerant Quantum Information Processing with Holographic control

We present a fault-tolerant semi-global control strategy for universal quantum computers. We show that N-dimensional array of qubits where only (N-1)-dimensional addressing resolution is available is compatible with fault-tolerant universal quantum computation. What is more, we show that measurements and individual control of qubits are required only at the boundaries of the fault-tolerant computer, i.e. holographic fault-tolerant quantum computation. Our model alleviates the heavy physical conditions on current qubit candidates imposed by addressability requirements and represents an option to improve their scalability.
rapid communication MRF-4 exhibits ﬁber type- and muscle-speciﬁc pattern of expression in postnatal rat muscle

MRF-4 exhibits ﬁber type- and muscle-speciﬁc pattern of expression in postnatal rat muscle. Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 278: R1381–R1384, 2000. —The crucial role played by the myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) in the development of skeletal muscle has been well character-ized. The continued expression of these factors in skeletal muscle of the postnatal animal has led to the suggestion that they may play a role in the regulation of muscle ﬁber phenotype. The few studies that have examined the expression of MRF-4 in postnatal muscle have been carried out at the whole muscle level. These studies demonstrated that this factor is expressed at a higher level than any other MRF but suggested that this was not affected by muscle phenotype. In this study, the expression of the MRF-4 transcript has been examined at the cellular level by in situ hybridization. It was observed that in the mixed ﬁber type muscle the gastrocnemius, MRF-4 was preferentially expressed in slow muscle ﬁbers, but in the slow postural soleus, no ﬁber type speciﬁcity was observed. These observations suggest that MRF-4 may play a role in the regulation of muscle ﬁber phenotype in the postnatal animal.
PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Optical constants of quaternary Ge-As-Te-In amorphous thin films evaluated from their reflectance spectra

Thin films of amorphous Ge 9 As 20 Te 71 (cid:2) x In x with different compositions ( x ¼ 0, 3, 6 and 9 at. %) were obtained by deposition onto glass substrates by thermal evaporation. The reflection spectra, R ( (cid:2) ), of the films were obtained in the spectral region from 400 to 2500 nm. A straightforward analysis proposed by Ruiz-Perez et al., based on the use of the maxima and minima of the interference fringes, has been applied to derive the real and imaginary parts of the complex index of refraction, the thickness and the thickness variation of the studied films. Increasing In content is found to affect the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of the films. Optical absorption measurements were used to obtain the fundamental absorption edge as a function of composition. With increasing In content, the refractive index decreases, whereas the optical band gap, E g , increases. The relationship between E g and the chemical composition of the Ge coordination
Études des mécanismes adaptatifs du maintien de l'équilibre orthostatique. Effets d'une fatigue musculaire, d'une douleur expérimentale et d'une perturbation externe.

In the present experiment, we induced muscular fatigue of ankle plantar-flexors to examine how it deteriorates the regulation of bipedal quiet upright standing. Postural stability was assessed in conditions with and without vision over 60-s periods to examine not only classical postural variables (timeand frequency-domain analyses) but also structural variables (stabilogram-diffusion analysis). Muscular fatigue was induced with repeated plantar-flexion of both legs. With muscular fatigue, subjects exhibited an increased postural sway [faster center of pressure (CP) velocity, greater CP mean and median frequency] and a decreased long term scaling exponent compared to the control conditions. The fatigue conditions, however, did not modify the range of oscillations and the variability of the postural oscillations around the mean position of the CP. The effects of muscular fatigue were similar with eyes open and eyes closed. These results suggest that fatigue did induce some changes in the control mode of postural stability but that the detection/action capabilities of the sensorimotor system remained partly efficient when the ankle plantar-flexors were fatigued. Furthermore, the decreased long-term scaling exponent observed with fatigue suggests that the control of upright stance operates in a less stochastic and more antipersistent manner when fatigue is present (that is past and future behaviors were more negatively correlated and thus more tightly regulated). Altogether, the present results suggest that, compared to the no fatigue conditions, fatigue places higher demands on the postural control system by increasing the frequency of actions needed to regulate the upright stance.
Topics in extreme values

Preface Extreme Value Distributions Extreme Value Analysis: Model Building and Parameter Estimation Characterisation of Discrete Distributions Based on Record Values Extreme Value Theory and Climate Modelling A Goodness-of-Fit Test for the Distribution Tail Extreme Value Analysis and Incomplete Data A Unit Root Test Based on Functions of Order Statistics On the Multivariate Extremes and Asymptotic Dependence of Elliptical Random Vectors Non-Parametric Inference for Bivariate Extreme-Value Copulas Index.
Glutamine synthetase regulates the immune microenvironment and cancer development through the inflammatory pathway

Although adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is beneficial to estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer patients, a significant number of patients still develop metastasis or undergo recurrence. Therefore, identifying novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for these patients is urgently needed. Predictive markers and therapeutic strategies for tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer are not clear, and micro (mi)RNAs have recently become a focal research point in cancer studies owing to their regulation of gene expressions, metabolism, and many other physiological processes. Therefore, systematic investigation is required to understand the modulation of gene expression in tamoxifen-resistant patients. High-throughput technology uses a holistic approach to observe differences among expression profiles of thousands of genes, which provides a comprehensive level to extensively investigate functional genomics and biological processes. Through a bioinformatics analysis, we revealed that glutamine synthetase/glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) might play essential roles in the recurrence of tamoxifen-resistant ER+ patients. GLUL increases intracellular glutamine usage via glutaminolysis, and further active metabolism-related downstream molecules in cancer cell. However, how GLUL regulates the tumor microenvironment for tamoxifen-resistant ER+ breast cancer remains unexplored. Analysis of MetaCore pathway database demonstrated that GLUL is involved in the cell cycle, immune response, interleukin (IL)-4-induced regulators of cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism-related pathways. Experimental data also confirmed that the knockdown of GLUL in breast cancer cell lines decreased cell proliferation and influenced expressions of specific downstream molecules. Through a Connectivity Map (CMap) analysis, we revealed that certain drugs/molecules, including omeprazole, methacholine chloride, ioversol, fulvestrant, difenidol, cycloserine, and MK-801, may serve as potential treatments for tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients. These drugs may be tested in combination with current therapies in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients. Collectively, our study demonstrated the crucial roles of GLUL, which provide new targets for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer patients.
Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection A ﬀ ects Host Gene Expression Associated with DNA Mismatch Repair

: Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a malignant form of B-cell lymphoma, and is closely related to human T-cell leukemia viruses. We investigated whether BLV infection a ﬀ ects host genes associated with DNA mismatch repair (MMR). Next-generation sequencing of blood samples from ﬁve calves experimentally infected with BLV revealed the highest expression levels of seven MMR genes ( EXO1 , UNG , PCNA , MSH2 , MSH3 , MSH6 , and PMS2 ) at the point of peak proviral loads (PVLs). Furthermore, MMR gene expression was only upregulated in cattle with higher PVLs. In particular, the expression levels of MSH2 , MSH3 , and UNG positively correlated with PVL in vivo. The expression levels of all seven MMR genes in pig kidney-15 cells and the levels of PMS2 and EXO1 in HeLa cells also increased tendencies after transient transfection with a BLV infectious clone. Moreover, MMR gene expression levels were signiﬁcantly higher in BLV-expressing cell lines compared with those in the respective parental cell lines. Expression levels of MSH2 and EXO1 in BLV-infected cattle with lymphoma were signiﬁcantly lower and higher, respectively, compared with those in infected cattle in vivo. These results reveal that BLV infection a ﬀ ects MMR gene expression, o ﬀ ering new candidate markers for lymphoma diagnosis.
Topology and Network Resources Discovery Protocol for Content-Aware Networks

—Cooperation of several network providers to offer a common infrastructure to support overlay virtualized networks is of interest in the context of content/information orientation of the current and Future Internet. This paper is part of a work on management framework of a complex system, aiming to construct multi-domain overlay Virtual Content Aware Networks (VCAN), QoS enabled. A protocol (TNRDP). is proposed, evaluated and basically implemented, running between domain managers, to discover inter-domain topology (represented with different degrees of abstraction) and available network resources of different IP domains. The scalability and efficiency is preliminary analyzed.
Development flow potency assay for measuring the in vitro properties of

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) have well-documented modulatory effects on multiple immune cell types. Although these effects are linked to their therapeutic benefit in diverse diseases, a reliable, quantitative assay of the immunomodulatory potency of individual human MSC preparations is lacking. The aims of this study were to develop an optimised rapid turnaround, flow cytometry-based whole-blood assay to monitor MSC potency and to validate its application to MSC immunomodulation. A protocol for short-term LPS stimulation of anti-coagulated whole blood samples followed by combined surface CD45/CD14 and intracellular TNF-  staining was initially developed for analysis on a 4 colour desktop cytometer. Optimal monocyte activation was dependent on the presence of extracellular calcium ions thereby precluding the use of EDTA and sodium citrate as anticoagulants. Optimal assay conditions proved to be 1ng/mL ultrapure-LPS added to 10-fold diluted, heparin anti-coagulated whole blood incubated for 6 hours at 37 o C. Under these conditions, addition of human bone marrow-derived MSC (hBM-MSC) from multiple donors resulted in a reproducible, dose-dependent inhibition of LPS-stimulated monocyte TNF-  expression. We conclude that this protocol represents a practical, quantitative assay of a clinically relevant functional effect of hBM-MSCs as well as other immunomodulatory agents. the immunosuppressive potency of Mesenchymal Cells.
ASSESSMENT OF PCR AND LAMP TESTS FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS IN SPUTUM SAMPLES

Molecular tests such as Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) beside Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are promising in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. LAMP has several characteristics such as high specificity and sensitivity, rapidity and feasibility. LAMP is promising to be the dominant technique for detection of M.tuberculosis, especially in limited resources settings compared with the PCR which is more complex and needs more advanced laboratories.
University of Birmingham Body memories as a neglected legacy of human rights abuses

Memories are a crucial part of transitional justice work. However, consistent with the fact that the field has significantly neglected bodies (except in the sense of what has been done to them), complex body memories that both reside in and spill over from individual bodies have received little attention. This interdisciplinary article aims to address this gap and thus to foreground the fact that bodies tell their own stories. What enhances their storytelling potential in this regard is their relationships and interactions with their wider social ecologies. Fundamentally, body memories have important social dimensions that make them highly relevant to transitional justice. Drawing on qualitative interviews with victims-/survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda, the article’s core argument is that transitional justice processes should give more attention to body memories and to the potential they offer for developing the field in new embodied directions.