Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully Integrated Quantitative Multiparametric Analysis of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer at 3-T PET/MRI

Introduction The aim of this study was to study the feasibility of a fully integrated multiparametric imaging framework to characterize non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 3-T PET/MRI. Patients and Methods An 18F-FDG PET/MRI multiparametric imaging framework was developed and prospectively applied to 11 biopsy-proven NSCLC patients. For each tumor, 12 parametric maps were generated, including PET full kinetic modeling, apparent diffusion coefficient, T1/T2 relaxation times, and DCE full kinetic modeling. Gaussian mixture model-based clustering was applied at the whole data set level to define supervoxels of similar multidimensional PET/MRI behaviors. Taking the multidimensional voxel behaviors as input and the supervoxel class as output, machine learning procedure was finally trained and validated voxelwise to reveal the dominant PET/MRI characteristics of these supervoxels at the whole data set and individual tumor levels. Results The Gaussian mixture model-based clustering clustering applied at the whole data set level (17,316 voxels) found 3 main multidimensional behaviors underpinned by the 12 PET/MRI quantitative parameters. Four dominant PET/MRI parameters of clinical relevance (PET: k2, k3 and DCE: ve, vp) predicted the overall supervoxel behavior with 97% of accuracy (SD, 0.7; 10-fold cross-validation). At the individual tumor level, these dimensionality-reduced supervoxel maps showed mean discrepancy of 16.7% compared with the original ones. Conclusions One-stop-shop PET/MRI multiparametric quantitative analysis of NSCLC is clinically feasible. Both PET and MRI parameters are useful to characterize the behavior of tumors at the supervoxel level. In the era of precision medicine, the full capabilities of PET/MRI would give further insight of the characterization of NSCLC behavior, opening new avenues toward image-based personalized medicine in this field.
RECONHECENDO ESTILOS DE CERVEJA COM UMA REDE NEURAL ARTIFICIAL

This work aimed to develop a computational tool using the concepts of artificial neural networks to recognize some of the beer style groups based on the BJCP 2015 style guide. For this, in addition to the development of the input patterns that the artificial neural network needs to work, the Encog 3.4 framework was used to reuse codes. The results of the two tests carried out in this work were very positive, since the neural network, in addition to recognizing all the beer styles of a group from BJCP 2015, in its first test, it also managed to distinguish the styles of four simultaneous groups of the guide of styles.
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED EXTRACT ON CISPLATIN INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

Objective: The main objective of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and nephroprotective efficacy of moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE) against cisplatin which induced acute renal injury. Methods: Forty male Wister rats were equally segregated into 4 groups (10 rats per group): group I (0.5 ml of sterile saline orally), group II (200 mg MOSE/kg b. wt orally for 10 consecutive days), group III (7.5 mg cisplatin/kg b. wt/intraperitonially as a single dose on the 5th day of the experiment) and group IV (200 mg moringa oleifera seed extract (MOSE)/kg orally for 10 d followed by 7.5 mg cisplatin/kg body weight/intraperitonially once as a single dose on the 5th day of the experiment. Serum biochemical analysis of renal biomarkers (urea, uric acid, and creatinine), oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA]), a crucial antioxidant enzyme (catalase) and the expression of renal activity interleukin (IL)-6, (IL)-10 and Tumer necrotic factor (TNF-α) mRNA were determined. Histopathological examination of renal tissue was done. Results: Cisplatin induced renal damage, increased renal biomarkers (urea, creatinine and uric acid)(375.87±1.65, 5.238±0.25, 4.47±0.25). Tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, IL-6 and TNF-α. (387.56±0.97, 2.188±0.20, 3.06±0.27)compared to control group(140.58±1.25,0.938±0.017, 1.24±0.17), (163.99±1.34, 1.008±0.05, 0.982±0.026) Moreover, cisplatin induced significantly down-regulation of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and catalase (0.780±0.47, 1.62±0.06) compared to control one (1.010±0.02, 3.12±0.11),. The histopathological examination showed renal tissue damage and degeneration of tubules in the cortical portion in cisplatin group. However, interestingly concurrent adminsteration of the MOSE with cisplatin can alleviated the renal damage, oxidative stress and renal toxicity caused by cisplatin. Conclusion: These results suggest that the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of MOSE alleviate the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Power-Conversion Efficiency: Loss Dominance, Optimization, & Design Insight

Power-conversion efficiency is critical in power supplies. Switched inductors are popular in this space because they can deliver a large fraction of the power they draw. This fraction hinges on the power that switches, diodes, resistances, and capacitances need to conduct and transfer power to the output. So, understanding how these loss mechanisms set and dictate efficiency across power levels is important, especially when designing and targeting particular load levels. This article details how these losses scale, when they dominate, and how and when they balance. Gate drive and controller losses are the ones that become a smaller fraction of input power as output power increases, leading to the increase of the power efficiency at the low-end of discontinuous conduction scale, while only gate charge loss plays this role at the low-end of the continuous conduction scale. Ohmic loss is the one that reduces power efficiency at the high-end of discontinuous and continuous conduction scale as ohmic loss becomes a larger fraction of input power as output power increases. Power efficiency peaks in continuous conduction when ohmic loss and gate charge losses balance. Overlap and dead time losses, although still important, do not shape the power efficiency in continuous conduction mode. In discontinuous conduction mode, all losses play a role and efficiency peaks when they all trickily balance. With this insight, predicting and controlling when efficiency rises, peaks, and falls across loads are possible. The fractional loss analysis and the design insight that make this possible are new contributions to the state of the art.
Psychosis and mass shootings: A systematic examination using publicly available data.

Mass shootings are often blamed on serious mental illness. This study assesses the role of psychosis in contributing to mass shootings along a continuum. The role of psychosis is compared with other motiva- tions for mass shootings including employment issues, interpersonal con ﬂ ict, relationship issues, hate, and fame-seeking. Perpetrators motivated by psychosis are also compared with other perpetrators on several well-established risk factors for violence. It is hypothesized that a mental health history is common among mass shooters, but symptoms of psychosis only directly motivate mass shootings for a minority of cases. A dataset of 172 mass shooters was created, coded on 166 life history variables using publicly available data. The entire dataset and codebook are publicly available. The ﬁ ndings show that symptoms of psychosis played no role in 69% of cases, but psychosis may have played a minor role in 11% of cases, a moderate role in 9% of cases, and a major role in 11% of cases. Perpetrators motivated by psychosis were similar to mass shooters with other motivations in terms of demographics and common risk factors for violence. The role of serious mental illness in mass shootings is complex. The data indicate that access to mental health care may help prevent mass shootings in a minority of cases, but this is far from the only solution to mass shootings.
Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) on Leaf Chlorophyll Fast Fluorescence Characteristics and Mineral Element Content of Buxus megistophylla Grown along Urban Roadsides

It is well known that trees grown on roadsides suffer from stressful environments, including poor soils, bad weather, and harmful gases from automobile exhaust. Improving the adaptability of roadside trees to adverse environments is important for urban management. An experiment was carried out with six-year-old Buxus megistophylla Levl. hedgerows, where 20 mg/L 5-aminolevulinic acids (5-ALA) solution was sprayed on the blade surface at the end of April. Three months later, plant morphology, chlorophyll fast fluorescence characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities and the mineral element content were investigated. The results showed that leaf size and thickness were significantly greater with 5-ALA treatment, and the leaf color was also greener than those of the control. 5-ALA treatment significantly promoted the electron transfer activity of the PSII reaction center on the donor side, the reaction center itself and the receptor side. It reduced energy dissipation through the heat with increased photochemical quantum yields. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in leaves and roots, were stimulated by 5-ALA treatment. The content of soluble sugars and free proline in leaves was significantly increased by 5-ALA treatment, as were the absorption and accumulation of several kinds of mineral nutrient elements, such as nitrogen, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper and boron. Additionally, 5-ALA application significantly increased the content of cadmium, mercury, chromium and lead in the roots but decreased them in the leaves. This implies that 5-ALA may induce a mechanism in B. megistophylla in which toxic elements were intercepted in roots to avoid accumulation in leaves, which ensured healthy growth of the aboveground tissues. 5-ALA may regulate the absorption and utilization of mineral nutrient elements in soil with the interception of toxic heavy metal elements in roots, promote leaf photosynthetic performance, induce the accumulation of soluble sugars and free proline, and improve the antioxidant enzyme systems for plants to adapt to the stressful environment of urban roads. These results provide a basis for 5-ALA applications alongside city roads.
A multi‐objective framework for finite element model updating using incomplete modal measurements

Finite element (FE) model updating in multi‐objective framework helps for better understanding of overall performance in updating (under various variations of weightages assigned to basic components of the objective function) along with providing scope for better judgmental selection. A FE model updating in multi‐objective framework is proposed with no requirement of repeated eigen‐solution along with avoiding repeated possibilities of incurring mode‐pairing error (by adopting an existing framework of system mode shape). Two multi‐objective optimization techniques are adopted: (a) weighted sum and (b) adaptive weighted sum methods. Moreover, a possible single best solution out of the Pareto front is identified based on minimum modal distance value and compared with Gibbs sampling technique (without mode‐matching). Two examples with multiple damage cases utilized in validating the proposed approach are as follows: (a) simulated example (ASCE benchmark structure) and (b) experimental example (four storied shear frame laboratory structure). It is observed that the proposed multi‐objective framework has performed well in FE model updating in case of both simulated and experimental cases. Additionally, a connection (directly relating the multi‐objective weights and error variances) is established between the proposed updating methodology and an existing Bayesian updating methodology to facilitate the probabilistic damage detection in Bayesian framework. Moreover, selection of an appropriate solution (out of the Pareto front) having suitable values of multi‐objective weights facilitates to estimate the suitable values of error variances (based on the proposed connection), consequently enabling an efficient Bayesian FE model updating without requirement of any assumption of error variances.
A Programmable ROADM System for SDM/WDM Networks

This paper proposed and evaluated a programmable ROADM system for MCF-based SDM/WDM networks. The proposed ROADM system employing both bypass connection and Route-and-Select wavelength switching enables adaptable virtual topology in optical networks by dynamically configuring bypass connection cores. The simulation results confirmed this ROADM system could provide acceptable performance with an around 10–20% reduction in the total cost including the number of ports and WSSs by comparing with a fully flexible SDM/WDM ROADM system, which cannot be implemented due to the required extremely high-port-count WSSs.
A Pore‐Scale Investigation of Mineral Precipitation Driven Diffusivity Change at the Column‐Scale

Mineral precipitation affects the pore structure and thus transport properties of porous media. In this study, we investigated the pore‐scale dynamics of precipitation in diffusion controlled systems and the resulting impacts on the effective diffusivity, using a micro‐continuum reactive transport model. Forty two‐dimensional pore structures representing both idealized and realistic geometries were simulated with consideration of different precipitation scenarios and rates. A homogeneous nucleation scenario reproduced patterns observed in previous experimental study showing mixing‐induced precipitation, and a surface growth scenario captured the pattern for mineral precipitation on a substrate with the same or similar mineral structures. In all cases, local precipitation resulted in the reduction in the average porosity of the domain (Φ) until the cessation of diffusive transport and the termination of precipitation. The minimum porosity reached was referred to as the critical porosity (Φc). The effective diffusivity (Deff) decreased with Φ and dropped sharply to effectively zero, that is, the critical effective diffusivity (Deffc), as Φc was reached. These pore‐scale dynamics can be captured by a revised Φ−Deff relationship that explicitly considers the critical porosity and the corresponding effective diffusivity, and the pre‐exponential coefficient and the exponent of the relationship varied with initial pore structure and the precipitation kinetics. Overall, the homogeneous nucleation scenario results in systematically larger Φc and coefficients that give rise to a sharper decrease in diffusivity as Φc is approached, compared to the surface growth scenario. The revised relationship was also implemented at continuum scale and used to examine column scale diffusivity change and reactions.
Adsorption Properties toward Trivalent Rare Earths by Alginate Beads Doping with Silica

Novel alginate hybrid beads were prepared by doping with silica (abbreviated as ALG/SiO2), and their adsorption behavior toward rare earths(III) had been investigated. For the whole lanthanides, it exhibits a distinct “tetrad effect” with increasing atomic number. Taking Nd as an example, the effects of the pH, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and regeneration of adsorbents had been studied systematically. Doped SiO2 can enhance the mechanical strength of the beads, and the hybrid adsorbents show no observable swelling during the adsorption process. It is interesting to note that NdIII adsorption can be improved about 0.1 mmol/g after the first cycle and shows no apparent decline until the 12th cycle. Finally, it can be concluded that ALG/SiO2 is superior to the other hybrid alginate adsorbents for the adsorption of rare earths.
The Social Referencing Observation Scale (SoROS) for children: Scale development and reliability

The Social Referencing Observational Scale (SoROS) is being developed to measure and detect deficits in social referencing skills in children between 2.6 and 5.0 years of age. This study is the first in the sequence, describing the first phases of development. First, three different scenarios designed to evoke social referencing behaviors were selected. We called the scenarios Fear, Pain, and Joy. In the pilot study, social referencing in 60 typical children was scored. Based on the data from the pilot study, the scoring system was refined and another 204 children were tested. We report descriptive data on social referencing in typical children across age and gender. Our main finding was that all children showed social referencing in that they first looked for cues in another person as for how to behave, and second behaved accordingly. This was the case across all three tested scenarios. Inter ‐ rater reliability for individual scoring behaviors in all three scenarios was good to high. The descriptive data for how typical children behave in these scenarios can provide the basis for detecting deficits in social referencing and for planning interventions.
X-Ray Reflectivity Studies of Membrane-Bound Configurations of PKCα-C2 and KIF16B-PX Domains

Upon cellular stimulation, a large number of cellular proteins reversibly translocate to their proper membrane surfaces to form complex arrays of protein-protein and lipid-protein molecular interactions. These proteins are collectively known as peripheral proteins (or amphitrophic proteins) that interact with and penetrate only one leaflet of the membrane bilayer. Understanding the membrane binding mechanism utilized by peripheral proteins is essential to reveal how they efficiently execute their biological functions by cooperating with their biological molecular partners. In this work, synchrotron X-ray reflectivity is used to investigate the penetration and orientation of membrane-bound for protein kinase Calpha-C2 domain (PKCα-C2) and kinesin family protein KIF16B-PX domains. X-ray reflectivity measurements are carried out to determine the configuration of the C2 domain of PKCα-C2 bound to a lipid monolayer of a 7:3 mixture of SOPC and SOPS supported on a buffered aqueous solution. The reflectivity was analyzed in terms of the known crystallographic structure of PKCα-C2 and a slab model representation of the lipid layer. The configuration of lipid-bound PKCα-C2 is characterized by two angles that define its orientation, θ =35° ± 10°and φ =210° ± 30°, and a penetration depth (PEN = 7.5 ± 2 A) into the lipid layer. In this structure the longest β-sheet of PKCα-C2 are nearly perpendicular to the lipid layer and the domain penetrates into the headgroup region of the lipid layer, but not into the tailgroup region. The membrane-bound configuration of KIF16B-PX domain to this monolayer is quantitatively characterized by θ=30°(±10°) and φ=20°(+15°/–35°), with ~17± 2A penetration depth into SOPC/SOPS/PtdIns(3)P mixed monolayer by X-ray reflectivity measurements. The configuration suggests that the binding mechanism was initiated by electrostatic interactions between anionic PtdIns(3)P headgroup and two conserved basic motifs of the PX domain, and then proceeded by hydrophobic insertion to further enhance the binding affinity. The binding configuration of KIF16B-PX also suggests a spatiotemporal model for the mechanism of transport of cargo by KIF16B.
Environmental factors regulating stream nitrate concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region encompassing a climatic gradient

Though high rates of nitrate (NO3−) leaching from forests are undesirable, the factors significantly regulating stream NO3− concentration is not clarified yet. In Japan, not only near metropolitan areas but also the Japan Sea‐side area with heavy snowfall is well known for receiving more than 10 kg‐N ha−1 year−1 of nitrogen (N) deposition. However, NO3− concentration in stream water is relatively low in the Japan Sea‐side area compared with its concentration in other areas. We examined important environmental factors regulating stream NO3− concentrations at baseflow condition in a large region of Japan, the Kinki region (KIN) including a part of Japan Sea‐side (JSK) using Random Forest regression. The amounts of N deposition and precipitation were common regulating factors for stream NO3− concentration at baseflow condition. Random forest showed the significant correlation between the factors related to ecosystem N retention and stream NO3− concentration at baseflow condition, and it suggests that large N deposited during the growing season was incorporated into the ecosystem in the entire KIN. Heavy rain and snow flush N and wash out N accumulated in the surface soil, causing small N accumulation in forests. Also, large precipitation dilute NO3− concentration in baseflows. These things lowered stream NO3− concentration at baseflow condition. Especially in JSK, most of N deposed with the heavy snow flushed out during the snowmelt period. We provided the first statistical confirmation using Random Forest regression that N accumulation and cycling in forest ecosystems were related to NO3− leaching from forests into streams.
The Value of New Fields in the Medical Record for Quality Improvement.

Introduction Quality in healthcare delivery is important for the safety and experience of patients with cancer. Effective documentation is an integral component of quality improvment, and accurate documentation can be affected by prompts in the medical record, potentially improving quality of services. Methods The Contemporary Oncology Team (COT) is a Greek private oncology practice that participated in the American Society of Clinical Oncology's (ASCO's) Quality in Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI). Between 2014 and 2019, COT implemented changes in its paper patient medical record, in order to improve quality of care and documentation. Fields regarding pain, emotional well-being and psychosocial assessment, discussions with the patient and consent about treatment and disease, medication details and cumulative dose, treatment goals, side-effect grading, pregnancy screening, treatment adherence and anticipated duration were added. In this report, we present the association of these improvements with COT performance in QOPI. Results Pain and emotional well-being assessment and documentation were significantly improved by the development of a structured patient follow-up form. In contrast, the assessment of fertility issues, tobacco use, and the documentation of treatment plan and intent did not present a drastic change, because COT performance was already above QOPI average. Conclusion A thorough reform of COT paper medical record according to QOPI standards improved QOPI scores, but more importantly effected a shift in the team's culture to safer and more standardized quality based care.
A 100 MHz 9.14-mW 8-Bit Shift Register Using Double-Edge Triggered Flip-Flop

Double-edge triggered flip-flops (DETFF) project a solution to clock power reduction by lowering the clock frequency and maintains the same data rate. Hence, they are appropriate to be used as shift registers. This paper has reviewed several earlier designs of double-edge triggered flip-flops and presented an 8-bit low power shift register by using a newly designed DETFF. The major contribution of this work takes advantage of two parallel data paths that work in opposite phases of the single clock without an inverted input trigger. The proposed shift register design is realized using a typical 90-nm CMOS process. The post-layout results show that the proposed shift register reduces the power consumption by at least 17.2%.