Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preliminary U-series dating of Southern Branch Cave of Maba hominid site

This paper reports the U-series dating results of calcites and mammalian fossils from Southern Branch Cave of Maba hominid site.Three times of 230Th/ 234U analysis on two samples from capping flowstone present an average results of 237 ka,indicating the minimum age of fossiliferous deposits here.Age result of the mammalian fossils from the 2 th layer is much younger than that of capping flowstone.This can be cited as an example of the limited reliability of U-series analysis on mammalian fossils.Based on the hypothesis that deposits of South Branch Cave are generally contemporaneous with those containing the Maba Man,we recommend the result of 237 ka can be temporarily used to represent the minimum age of it.There are still a lot of fossiliferous deposits in South Branch Cave.Further multidisciplinary studies may provide further evidence for verifying the age of Maba Man.
Mechanical transapical coupling of endometrial epithelial cells during implantation

Epithelial cells lining the lumen of organs have an apical-basal polarity, and mechanical cell contacts are located in the lateral and basal regions. During early pregnancy in rodents, the luminal space of the uterus is closed, and opposing epithelial cells attach to each other at apical–apical surfaces. Here, we show that cells are mechanically coupled at the apical cell–cell contacts. The apical plasma membrane was intricately intertwined between opposing cells. Extracellular matrix and tight junction molecules were localized at apical contacts. Claudin inhibition resulted in impaired luminal closure, suggesting a functional requirement of claudins for the establishment of transapical coupling. The present results demonstrate a mechanical cell–cell interaction that occurs between apical–apical surfaces in addition to lateral and basal cell junctions. One Sentence Summaries Transapical coupling of epithelial cells mediated by extracellular matrix and tight junction molecules
Interval-valued Dual Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Arithmetic Aggregation Operators in Multiple Attribute Decision Making

In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problem based on the arithmetic and geometric aggregation operators with interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic information. Then, motivated by the ideal of traditional arithmetic operation, we have developed some aggregation operators for aggregating interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic information: interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic weighted average (IVDHFLWA) operator, interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic ordered weighted average (IVDHFLOWA) operator and Interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic hybrid average (IVDHFLHA) operator. Then, we have utilized these operators to develop some approaches to solve the interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy linguistic multiple attribute decision making problems.
Granitic‐melt and carbonic‐fluid inclusions in diopside megacrysts from ankaramitic basalt dikes at Kamisano, Yamanashi prefecture, northeastern Japan

Large phenocrysts, known as megacrysts, are focal points for research due to their ability to encapsulate large inclusions suitable for precise chemical analyses. Ankaramite, a distinctive type of undifferentiated volcanic rock, stands out due to its high MgO and CaO contents and the presence of abundant Ca‐rich clinopyroxene (diopside) and less common Mg‐rich olivine phenocrysts. In this study, granitic melt inclusions together with carbonic fluid inclusions were identified within diopside megacrysts of ankaramitic basalt dikes in the Kamisano region, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. The identified melt inclusions are completely crystallized and primarily composed of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase, with smaller amounts of pargasite, augite, apatite, and sulfides. Small amounts of residual glass were also occasionally observed in the inclusions. The average chemical composition of these granitic melts within the inclusions corresponds to that of calc‐alkaline granodiorite and the melts are characterized by low water content (0.38 wt%) and high concentrations of sulfur (7000 ppm), copper, and iron. The findings suggested that the composition of granitic melt inclusions may provide insights into the characteristics of near‐surface hydrothermal metal ore deposits. The diopside megacrysts also contain CO2H2O fluid inclusions, which are completely crystallized and mainly comprised of calcite and chlorite, along with small amounts of quartz. The crystals are interpreted to have formed by the reaction of original CO2H2O fluids and host diopside. The diopside megacrysts are estimated to have started crystallization from tholeiitic basalt at a depth of ~30 km in the lower crust, and trapped fluids and granitic melts as inclusions at a shallower depth when the tholeiitic magma ascended.
RMLGym: a Formal Reward Machine Framework for Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful technique for learning optimal policies from trial and error. However, designing a reward function that captures the desired behavior of an agent is often a challenging and tedious task, especially when the agent has to deal with complex and multi-objective problems. To address this issue, researchers have proposed to use higher-level languages, such as Signal Temporal Logic (STL), to specify reward functions in a declarative and expressive way, and then automatically compile them into lower-level functions that can be used by standard RL algorithms. In this paper, we present RMLGym, a tool that integrates RML, a runtime verification tool, with OpenAI Gym, a popular framework for developing and comparing RL algorithms. RMLGym allows users to define reward functions using RML specifications and then generates reward monitors that evaluate the agent’s performance and provide feedback at each step. We demonstrate the usefulness and flexibility of RMLGym by applying it to a famous benchmark problem from OpenAI Gym, and we analyze the strengths and limitations of our approach.
Pricing and Competition with 100% Variable Renewable Energy and Storage

Electricity production is a key sector in global decarbonization efforts, and variable renewable energy (VRE) technologies are a primary way to produce carbon-free electricity. We study an electricity market where generation is 100 %VRE, while storage and elastic demand resolve temporal supply-demand imbalances. We model hourly market equilibrium to analyze price formation and imperfect, Cournot-type competition with varying levels of ownership concentration.Market power is exerted either with storage-only or with both VRE and storage.In such a system, prices are determined dynamically by demand and intertemporal storage decisions, breaking the static logic of “merit order” with dispatch-able generation. The numerical results indicate that market power with storage has a relatively moderate effect on prices and market efficiency. However, market power exerted with VRE has far larger welfare impacts, resulting from curtailed generation. However, such actions could be more readily observed by a regulator via monitoring.
A Study of Diagenetic and Metallogenic Geochronology of the Dagbo Cu(Mo) Deposit in Quxur County of Tibet and Its Geological Implications

Located in Quxu County of Tibet,the Dabu porphyry Cu-Mo deposit lies in the eastern part of the Gangdise belt.The authors made high-precision magmatic zircon dating of the granodiorite from the Dabu deposit.The U-Pb dating analyses show that the weighted mean ages of the porphyry from the main ore body are 16.5±0.05 Ma(n=13,MSWD=3,granodiorite) and 16.1±0.13 Ma(n=15,MSWD=1.03,monzonitic granite-porphyry) respectively.The U-Pb dating analyses indicate that the granodiorite from the Xianjiaonang ore body has the weighted mean age of 16.2±0.04 Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.0064). For the purpose of determining the mineralization time of the deposit,4 molybdenite samples from the north and 6 molybdenite samples from the south were selected to conduct Re-Os dating.The Re-Os dating yielded isochron age of 14.6±0.50 Ma(MSWD=0.35,N) for the samples from the northern part and 14.8±0.23 Ma(MSWD=1.3,S) for the samples from the southern part of the deposit,respectively.Based on the results mentioned above in association with data available,it is proposed that crystallization of the porphyry occurred at about 16Ma,and the mineralization age of the deposits is about 14Ma,in a short period with time span shorter than 0.86Ma,implying the speciality of paroxysmal mineralization in the post-collision extension environment.
Ubiquitous recombination gradients within plant genic regions shaped by recombination hotspots

During meiosis of many eukaryote species, crossovers tend to occur within narrow regions called recombination hotspots. In plants it is generally thought that gene regulatory sequences, especially promoters and 5’-3’ untranslated regions, are enriched in hotspots, but this has been characterized in a handful of species only. We also lack a clear description of fine-scale variation in recombination rates within genic regions and little is known about hotspot position and intensity in plants. To address this question we constructed fine-scale recombination maps from genetic polymorphism data and inferred recombination hotspots in eleven plant species. We detected gradients of recombination both in 5’ and 3’ of genic regions in most species, yet gradients varied in intensity and shape depending on specific hotspot locations and gene structure. To further characterize recombination gradients, we decomposed them according to gene structure by rank and number of exons. We generalised the previously observed pattern that recombination hotspots are organised around the boundaries of coding sequences. However our results suggest that variations among species were driven more by hotspot location among and within genes than by differences in size or intensity among species. Our results shed light on the variation in recombination rates at a very fine scale, beyond genes averages across the whole genome, revealing the diversity and complexity of genic recombination gradients emerging from the interaction between hotspot location and gene structure.
NAD+-A Hub of Energy Metabolism in Heart Failure

Heart failure is a condition where reduced levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) affect energy supply in myocardial cells. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) plays a crucial role as a coenzyme for electron transfer in energy metabolism. Decreased NAD+ levels in myocardial cells lead to inadequate ATP production and increased susceptibility to heart failure. Researchers are exploring ways to increase NAD+ levels to alleviate heart failure. Targets such as sirtuin2 (sirt2), sirtuin3 (sirt3), Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and diastolic regulatory proteins are being investigated. NAD+ supplementation has shown promise, even in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). By focusing on NAD+ as a central component of energy metabolism, it is possible to improve myocardial activity, heart function, and address energy deficiency in heart failure.
Wind, Water, and Growing Season: Cropping System Selection Pressures in the Southern Great Plains (

Successful cropping systems are a consequence of adapting cultural practices, crops, and cropping sequences to thrive both environmentally and economically under the unique selection pressures imposed by the soil resources and climatic conditions of a region. The southern Great Plains region comprises a physiographic region beginning south of the Arkansas River (southern Kansas and Colorado), east of the Rocky Mountain foothills (eastern New Mexico), west of the Miocene-Pliocene deposits in central Oklahoma (-97° W), and north of the Texas coastal prairies. The cropping systems used on the southern Great Plains have been adapted in a region where the annual wind speed averages 5.5 m s1, precipitation varies from >900 mm to <400 mm, water deficit (evaporation minus precipitation) increases from 750 mm to more than 1500 mm, and the frost free period increases from <180 days to approximately 300 days. That is, wind, water, and growing season length are the principal selection pressures acting on adaptable cropping systems. The adapted cropping sequences and rotations optimize crop use of precipitation with residue-retaining tillage practices that minimize soil losses to wind erosion and water losses as runoff or evaporation. Irrigation was introduced on the southern Great Plains to meet the water needs of more diverse crops, but the resulting cropping systems were less durable because of declining water tables. Growing season length may be the least flexible factor governing adapted cropping systems and often excludes production of late maturing crops from many parts of the region. Alternatively, where the southern. Great Plains has an extended growing season and adequate precipitation multiple crops are possible. Future cropping systems are being adapted to integrate livestock and more intensive crop sequences, while retaining cultural practices that control soil erosion and increase water storage. The common paradigm for adapted cropping systems on the southern Great Plains must apply durable management solutions to the wind, water, and growing season selection pressures governing crop productivity. The southern Great Plains The southern Great Plains comprises a physiographic region beginning south of the Arkansas River (southern Kansas and Colorado), east of the Rocky Mountain foothills (eastern New Mexico), west of the Miocene-Pliocene deposits in central Oklahoma (-97 0 W), and north of the Texas coastal prairies (Thelin and Pike, 1991). Elevation varies greatly in the region; increasing from approximately 200 - 300 m in southern Edwards Plateau in Texas and central Oklahoma to 2000 m along the foothills in New Mexico (Soil Survey Staff, 1981). Southern Great Plains soils were developed in aeolian materials and reworked sediments deposited as the plains were dissected by rivers draining the ancestral Rocky Mountains. Cropping systems in these southern Great Plains states optimize the soil resource use within the climatic constraints imposed by wind,
L'alimentation à base de concentrés ou de pâturage affecte la digestion, la croissance de même que la qualité de la carcasse et de la viande du chevreau

v Table des matières . vii Liste des tableaux . xi Liste des figures . xiv Liste des abréviations . xv Remerciements . xviii Avant-propos . xx Introduction . 1 Chapitre 1 Revue des travaux antérieurs . 3 1.0 Race de chevreau utilisé pour l’engraissement . 3 1.0. 1 Race bouchère. 3 1.0. 2 Race laitière . 5 1.1 Métabolisme et physiologie de la nutrition dans le rumen . 6 1.1.1 Glucides . 7 1.1.2 Protéine . 9 1.1.3 Lipides . 11 1.2 Synchronisme protéine-énergie . 12 1.2. 1.0 Méthode des différents patrons d’alimentation . 14 1.2. 1.1 Méthode basée sur la dégradabilité ruminale des nutriments des aliments servis 15 1.2. 2 Effet du synchronisme dans le rumen sur la digestibilité . 16 1.2. 3 Effet du synchronisme dans le rumen sur le taux de passage . 17 1.2. 4 Effet du synchronisme dans le rumen sur les performances et la production de PMic 18 1.3 Alimentation du chevreau de boucherie et effet sur les performances de croissance 20 1.3. 1 Alimentation à base de concentrés . 20 1.3. 1.0 Apport énergétique . 20 1.3. 1.0. 1 Traitement de la source énergétique contenue dans les concentrés . 22 1.3. 1.1 Apport protéique . 25
New Horizons in Parameter Regularization: A Constraint Approach

This work presents constrained parameter regularization (CPR), an alternative to traditional weight decay. Instead of applying a constant penalty uniformly to all parameters, we enforce an upper bound on a statistical measure (e.g., the L 2 -norm) of individual parameter groups. This reformulates learning as a constrained optimization problem. To solve this, we utilize an adaptation of the augmented Lagrangian method. Our approach allows for varying regularization strengths across different parameter groups, removing the need for explicit penalty coefficients in the regularization terms. CPR only requires two hyperparameters and introduces no measurable runtime overhead. We offer empirical evidence of CPR’s effectiveness through experiments in the "grokking" phenomenon, image classification, and language modeling. Our findings show that CPR can counteract the effects of grokking, and it consistently matches or surpasses the performance of traditional weight decay.
Design Optimization Considering a Detailed PCB Stator Layout for Coreless AFPM Machines with Minimal Eddy and Circulating Current Losses

This paper proposes a multi-objective design optimization approach for printed circuit board (PCB) stator coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines based on a detailed PCB stator layout. The process begins with the machine envelope design optimization based on an evolutionary algorithm and 3D finite element analysis (FEA) models and continues with the detailed design of a PCB stator aimed at minimizing eddy and circulating current losses. This approach employs different open circuit loss mitigation techniques while taking into account PCB manufacturing limitations and standards. The process is explained through the design of an integral horsepower PCB stator coreless AFPM machine, which was prototyped and tested. The experimental results indicate negligible open circuit losses and 96% efficiency at the speed of 2,100rpm and an output torque of 19Nm, thereby validating the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A

The osmorespiratory compromise hypothesis posits that respiratory epithelial characteristics and physiological regulatory mechanisms which promote gas permeability also increase permeability to ions and water. The hypothesis therefore predicts that physiological responses which increase e ﬀ ective gas permeability will result in increased e ﬀ ective ion and water permeabilities. Though analyses of water and gas e ﬀ ective permeabilities using high temperature have generally supported the hypothesis, water permeability responses to hypoxia remain equivocal and the combination of high temperature and hypoxia untested. We measured di ﬀ usive water ﬂ ux (DWF) and oxygen uptake rate ( Ṁ o 2 ) in response to acute temperature change, hypoxia, and the combination of high temperature and hypoxia in a hypoxia-tolerant intertidal ﬁ sh, the tidepool sculpin ( Oligocottus maculosus ). In support of the osmorespiratory compromise hypothesis, Ṁ o 2 and DWF increased with temperature. In contrast, DWF decreased with hypoxia at a constant temperature, a result consistent with previously observed decoupling of water and gas e ﬀ ective permeabilities during hypoxia exposure in some hypoxia tolerant ﬁ shes. However, DWF levels during simultaneous high temperature and hypoxia exposure were not di ﬀ erent from ﬁ sh exposed to high temperature in normoxia, possibly suggesting a failure of the mechanism responsible for down-regulating DWF in hypoxia. These results, together with time-course analysis of hypoxia exposure and normoxic recovery, suggest that tidepool sculpins actively downregulate e ﬀ ective water permeability in hypoxia but the mechanism fails with multi-stressor exposure. Future investigations of the mechanistic basis of the regulation of gill permeability will be key to understanding the role of this regulatory ability in the persistence of this species in the dynamic intertidal environment.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A Cooperative Memory Network for Personalized Task-oriented Dialogue Systems with Incomplete User Profiles

ThereisincreasinginterestindevelopingpersonalizedTask-oriented DialogueSystems(TDSs). PreviousworkonpersonalizedTDSsof-tenassumesthatcompleteuserprofilesareavailableformostor evenallusers.Thisisunrealisticbecause(1)noteveryoneiswill-ingtoexposetheirprofilesduetoprivacyconcerns;and(2)rich userprofilesmayinvolvealargenumberofattributes(e.g.,gender,age,tastes,.). Inthispaper,westudypersonalizedTDSs withoutassumingthatuserprofilesarecomplete.Weproposea CooperativeMemoryNetwork(CoMemNN)thathasanovelmech-anismtograduallyenrichuserprofilesasdialoguesprogressandto simultaneouslyimproveresponseselectionbasedontheenriched profiles.CoMemNNconsistsoftwocoremodules:UserProfileEn-richment(UPE)andDialogueResponseSelection(DRS). Theformer enrichesincompleteuserprofilesbyutilizingcollaborativeinfor-mationfromneighborusersaswellascurrentdialogues.Thelatter usestheenrichedprofilestoupdatethecurrentuserquerysoas toencodemoreusefulinformation,basedonwhichapersonalized responsetoauserrequestisselected. WeconductextensiveexperimentsonthepersonalizedbAbI dialoguebenchmarkdatasets.WefindthatCoMemNNisableto enrichuserprofileseffectively,whichresultsinanimprovementof 3.06%intermsofresponseselectionaccuracycomparedtostate-of-the-artmethods.WealsotesttherobustnessofCoMemNNagainst incompletenessofuserprofilesbyrandomlydiscardingattribute valuesfromuserprofiles.Evenwhendiscarding50%oftheattribute values,CoMemNNisabletomatchtheperformanceofthebest performingbaselinewithoutdiscardinguserprofiles,showingthe robustnessofCoMemNN.
Climate Model Downscaling in Central Asia: A Dynamical and a Neural Network Approach

To estimate future climate change impacts, usually high-resolution climate projections are necessary. Statistical and dynamical downscaling or a hybrid of both methods are mostly used to produce input datasets for impact modelers. In this study, we use the regional climate model (RCM) COSMO-CLM (CCLM) version 6.0 to identify the added value of dynamically downscaling a general circulation model (GCM) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP6) and its climate change projections’ signal over Central Asia (CA). We use the MPI-ESM1-2-HR (at 1° spatial reso-5 lution) to drive the CCLM (at 0.22° horizontal resolution) for the historical period of 1985-2014 and the projection period of 2019-2100 under three different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs): SSP1-2.6, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Using the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) gridded observation dataset, we evaluate the CCLM performance over the historical period using a simulation driven by ERAInterim reanalysis. CCLM’s added value, compared to its driving GCM, is significant over CA mountainous areas, which are at higher risk of extreme precipitation events. 10 Furthermore, we downscale the CCLM for future climate projections. We present high-resolution maps of heavy precipitation changes based on CCLM and compare them with CMIP6 GCMs ensemble. Our analysis shows a significant increase in heavy precipitation intensity and frequency over CA areas that are already at risk of extreme climatic events in the present day. Finally, applying our single model high-resolution dynamical downscaling, we train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to map the low-resolution GCM simulations to the dynamically downscaled CCLM ones. We show that applied CNN could em-15 ulate the GCM-CCLM model chain over large CA areas. However, this specific emulator has shortcomings when applied to a new GCM-CCLM model chain. Our downscaling data and the pre-trained CNN model could be used by scientific communities interested in downscaling CMIP6 models and searching for a trade-off between the dynamical and statistical methods.