Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2015: A Patient- Centered Approach

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) convened a joint task force that examined the evidence on blood glucose–lowering therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes and published a position statement (1). Recently, these recommendations were updated and published in the January 2015 issue of the journal (2). The ADA/EASD recommendations are postulated as being a position statement and not a treatment guideline. However, many physicians give advice to their patients based on this position statement; therefore, the position statement is regarded as a treatment guideline, at least by a part of the diabetes care providers. Since 2012, consensus on how evidence should be graded in the process of developing practice guidelines has changed (3). The updated position statement does not state how the balance of evidence and expertise was incorporated in the recommendations and does not state whether systematic reviews of literature or even systematic processes of consensus were followed or whether the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used (1,2,4). This is particularly important given the abundance of data in which different glucose-lowering agents are compared. Since 2012, the handling of conflicts of interest (COI) of individual guidelinemembers in the process of the development of practice guidelines has also changed (3), and the process of the development of theADA/EASD clinical practice recommendations was already criticized in 2012, also for the handling of COI (5). Furthermore, Diabetes Care supports the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommendations (http://www.icmje.org/ recommendations/browse/roles-andresponsibilities/author-responsibilities– conflicts-of-interest.html), which mandate that authors disclose COI for at least 36 months (3). As disclosures of COI for only 12 months were required for members of the position statement, it would be informative to know why Diabetes Care has made an exception for the ADA/EASD position statement. Duality of Interest. No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.
A simple and efficient implementation of a small database

This paper describes a technique for implementing the sort of small databases that frequently occur in the design of operating systems and distributed systems. We take advantage of the existence of very large virtual memories, and quite large real memories, to make the technique feasible. We maintain the database as a strongly typed data structure in virtual memory, record updates incrementally on disk in a log and occasionally make a checkpoint of the entire database. We recover from crashes by restoring the database from an old checkpoint then replaying the log. We use existing packages to convert between strongly typed data objects and their disk representations, and to communicate strongly typed data across the network (using remote procedure calls). Our memory is managed entirely by a general purpose allocator and garbage collector. This scheme has been used to implement a name server for a distributed system. The resulting implementation has the desirable property of being simultaneously simple, efficient and reliable.
Negotiating the Wilderness of Bounded Rationality through Robust Policy

We show how the “wilderness of non-rationality" posed for the policymaker may be negotiated by designing a robust Taylor-type monetary rule across a RE NK model and competing behavioural alternatives. The latter consist of a model with “Euler learning" and a bounded rational one with myopia due to Gabaix (2020). For the former expectations of endogenous variables take the form of a general heuristic rule, encompassing simple adaptive expectations, that is supported by an experiment study. This gives four competing NK models, the benchmark one with rational expectations (model RE), Euler learning with a simple adaptive expectations heuristic rule (model EL-SAE), Euler learning with the general rule (model EL-GAE) and the Gabaix bounded rational model (model BR). In our novel forward-looking approach, policymakers weight models based on relative forecasting performance rather than Bayesian model averaging. Our main results are: first, three models completely dominate model EL-SAE with weights wRE = 0.4, wEL−GAE = 0.32 and wEL−BR = 0.28. Second, whereas Bayesian model averaging would design a welfareoptimized rule that hits the ZLB with a probability solely based on the Gabaix model, we find that our prediction pool using these weights choice has a significant impact on the robust optimized rule. Third, there are significant differences between the optimized rules for each model separately highlighting the need for seeking a robust rule. Fourth, we find that robust optimized rule found using optimal pooling weights is very close to the price level rule. This confirms good robustness properties of such a rule found in other studies. Finally to achieve a probability of hitting the ZLB constraint on the nominal interest rate of 5% per quarter, the robust optimal rule requires a target (steady-state) net inflation annual rate of between 3% and 4%. JEL Classification: C11; C18; C32; E32
Petri Nets and Step Transition Systems

Labelled transition systems are a simple yet powerful formalism for describing the operational behaviour of computing systems. They can be extended to model concurrency faithfully by permitting transitions between states to be labelled by a collection of actions, denoting a concurrent step. Petri nets (or Place/Transition nets) give rise to such step transition systems in a natural way—the marking diagram of a Petri net is the canonical transition system associated with it. In this paper, we characterize the class of PN-transition systems, which are precisely those step transition systems generated by Petri nets. We express the correspondence between PN-transition systems and Petri nets in terms of an adjunction between a category of PN-transition systems and a category of Petri nets in which the associated morphisms are behaviour-preserving in a strong and natural sense.
Moral Hazard , Informed Trading , and Stock Prices I

We analyze a dynamic model of informed trading where an activist shareholder accumulates shares in an anonymous market and then expends costly effort to increase the firm value. We find that equilibrium prices are affected by the position accumulated by the activist, because the level of effort undertaken is increasing in the size of his acquired position. In equilibrium, price impact has two components: one due to asymmetric information (as in Kyle (1985) model) and one due to moral hazard (a new source of adverse selection). Price impact is higher when the activist is more productive and when uncertainty about activist’s position is large. We thus obtain a trade-off: with more noise trading (less ‘price efficiency’) the activist can build up a larger stake, which leads to more effort expenditure and higher firm value (more ‘economic efficiency’). The model implies that ownership disclosure rules tend to improve market liquidity and economic efficiency and help differentiate productive activists from stock pickers. Shortening the period during which activists can trade, however, hurts economic efficiency. We thank Yakov Amihud, Kerry Back, Snehal Banerjee, Alon Brav, Francesca Cornelli, Amil Dasgupta (LBS Summer Symposium discussant), Darrel Duffie, Alex Edmans, Kathleen Hagerty, Barney Hartman-Glaser, Wei Jiang, Ernst Maug, Giorgia Piacentino, Adriano Rampini (IDC discussant), and Enrique Schroth for many helpful comments. We also thank seminar participants at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Northwestern University, and participants at the 8th World Congress of the Bachelier Finance Society, 2014 London Business School Summary Symposium, and Rothschild Caesarea 11th Annual Conference for their helpful comments and suggestions. Email addresses: pierre.collin-dufresne@epfl.ch (Pierre Collin-Dufresne), vfos@illinois.edu (Vyacheslav Fos)
Traffic barriers : the impact of traffic on pedestrian behaviour

This thesis addresses relationships between traffic conditions and pedestrian behaviour, relationships which determine the extent of traffic barrier effects. These relationships have been examined on selected high density, radial mixed use streets, in Edinburgh, which are important routes for pedestrians and vehicular traffic. Data was collected and analysed from video recordings which provided measures of traffic and pedestrian flow, traffic speed, and pedestrian crossing behaviour; questionnaire surveys and personal in-depth interviews of changing pedestrian perceptions in response to changes in traffic conditions. Traffic flow was seen to be a principal determinant of traffic barriers on such central urban streets. High traffic barrier effects were associated with heavy traffic flows and low speeds, and were characterised for pedestrians by smaller acceptance gaps, longer delays, steeper crossing angles and by high proportions of crossings from behind parked vehicles. Elderly and child pedestrians were particularly badly affected, with very low crossing activity levels compared with adults. Respondents, in both questionnaire surveys and indepth interviews, found crossing a difficult and stressful experience. Many stated that in response to adverse traffic conditions, routes were changed, walking rescheduled or abandoned altogether, and crossing locations changed from informal to formal crossing
Novel applications of food grade organic acid and organic salt on corrosion of carbon steel in hydrogen peroxide as environmental corrosive media

Some of organic acids and salts used in food industries as food additives to preserve the important minerals in food, these compounds were investigated also as corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in environment corrosive solution such as hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2. Using two techniques, weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods at 25 o C, and the result shows that both tartaric acid and trisodium citrate have good corrosion inhibition properties for carbon steel in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). The results show also that trisodium citrate is effective and better than tartaric acid as corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in hydrogen peroxide solution. Weight loss and Tafel results show that corrosion rate of carbon steel decreases with increasing the concentration of both tartaric acid and trisodium citrate. Tafel curves reveal that both tartaric acid and trisodium citrate act as a mixed type inhibitor.
Tongue-pressure resistance training improves tongue and suprahyoid muscle functions simultaneously

Purpose: Producing tongue pressure (TP) by pushing the tongue against the palate consists of lifting the tongue muscles and elevating the floor of the mouth via suprahyoid muscle contraction. Though studies have shown that tongue-pressure resistance training (TPRT) increases tongue function, none have focused on suprahyoid muscle function enhancements. Our study aimed to verify whether TPRT improves both tongue function and hyoid movement during swallowing. Materials and methods: Eighteen patients (mean age: 76.8 ± 6.2 years) with presbyphagia presenting with symptoms such as coughing and choking were enrolled. All patients performed daily living activities independently. None of the participants had diseases causing dysphagia or previous oral or pharyngeal surgery. Participants were instructed to push their tongues against the palate as hard as possible with their mouths closed for 10 seconds, and then resting for 10 seconds. A set consisted of five consecutive exercise and resting periods; two sets per day were performed for a month. TP and the oral diadochokinetic rate (ODKR), measured by repetitions of the syllables /ta/ and /ka/, assessed tongue function. The extent of anterior and superior hyoid movement and parameters related to swallowing, including the penetration aspiration scale (PAS) and the normalized residue ratio scale (NRRS) in the valleculae (NRRSv) and piriform sinus (NRRSp), were evaluated based on videofluoroscopic data. Results: The anterior ( P = 0.031) and superior hyoid movement ( P = 0.012), TP ( P = 0.002), ODKR/ta/ ( P = 0.034), ODKR/ka/ ( P = 0.009), and the width of the upper esophageal sphincter ( P = 0.001) were larger at follow-up than at baseline. NRRSp ( P = 0.022), PAS ( P = 0.016), and pharyngeal transit times ( P = 0.004) were smaller at follow-up than at baseline. Conclusion: TPRT improved tongue strength, dexterity, both anterior and superior hyoid elevation, and swallowing functions. Therefore, TPRT could improve tongue function and suprahyoid muscle function simultaneously and contribute to prevention of sarcopenic dysphagia. diadochokinetic rate; PAs, penetration aspiration scale; PTT, pharyngeal transit time; superior hyoid, superior movement of the hyoid bone; TP, tongue pressure; Ues, upper esophageal sphincter opening width.
lncRNA KIAA0125 functions as a tumor suppressor modulating growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer via Wnt/β‐catenin pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in all races worldwide in recent years. The survival of the CRC patients is mostly affected by the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Thus, the current challenge is to find sensitive and reliable biomarkers in early screening of CRC. Recently, emerging evidence has shown that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play crucial roles in tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that lncRNA KIAA0125 was downregulated in colorectal tissues and cells. The functional study demonstrated that overexpression of KIAA0125 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion whereas the reversal effects were seen in silencing experiment. Besides, KIAA0125 inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in CRC. Our findings suggested that KIAA0125 may act as an oncosupressor gene and could be considered as a potential diagnosis biomarker in CRC.
Developmental features and yields of three promising upland rice varieties in Zimbabwe

Three upland rice varieties: NERICA 1, 3 and 7 that were proved to be promising by previous trails in Zimbabwe, were selected as experimental materials to evaluate their developmental features and yields in irrigated conditions. The results indicate that plant height increased sharply first, and then slowly until the highest values that kept invariant. Tiller number per hill showed S-shaped curves which increased and reached relatively stable values first, then decreased slightly and finally increased again to produce the second time tiller. The leaf number per plant was apparently went up and down, which ascended to the peak values and then started to descend. NERICA 1 had many features which differed from NERICA 3 and NERICA 7, such as early maturing, short plant height, multiple tiller and multiple leave. It had the highest number of panicles and grains among the three varieties though it had nearly the same grain weight with NERICA 3 and NERICA 7. These results will be helpful to release these varieties in Zimbabwe.
Draft genome sequence of the Solanum aethiopicum provides insights into disease resistance, drought tolerance and the evolution of the genome

Background S. aethiopicum is a close relative to S. melongena and has been routinely used to improve disease resistance in S. melongena. However, these efforts have been greatly limited by the lack of a reference genome and the clear understanding of the genes involved during biotic and abiotic stress response. Results We present here a draft genome assembly of S. aethiopicum of 1.02 Gb in size, which is predominantly occupied by repetitive sequences (76.2%), particularly long terminal repeat elements. We annotated 37,681 gene models including 34,905 protein-coding genes. We observed an expansion of resistance genes through two rounds of amplification of LTR-Rs, occurred around 1.25 and 3.5 million years ago, respectively. The expansion also occurred in gene families related to drought tolerance. A number of 14,995,740 SNPs are identified by re-sequencing 65 S. aethiopicum genotypes including “Gilo” and “Shum” accessions, 41,046 of which are closely linked to resistance genes. The domestication and demographic history analysis reveals selection of genes involved in drought tolerance in both “Gilo” and “Shum” groups. A pan-genome of S. aethiopicum with a total of 36,250 protein-coding genes was assembled, of which 1,345 genes are missing in the reference genome. Conclusions Overall, the genome sequence of S. aethiopicum increases our understanding of the genomic mechanisms of its extraordinary disease resistance and drought tolerance. The SNPs identified are available for potential use by breeders. The information provided here will greatly accelerate the selection and breeding of the African eggplant as well as other crops within the Solanaceae family.
The Polymatrix Gap Conjecture

This paper proposes a novel way to compare classes of strategic games based on their sets of pure Nash equilibria. This approach is then used to relate the classes of zero-sum games, polymatrix, and k-polymatrix games. This paper concludes with a conjecture that k-polymatrix games form an increasing chain of classes.
Seamless Video Editing Seamless Video Editing

This paper presents a new framework for seamless video Editing in the gradient domain. The spatio-temporal gradient fields of target videos are modified or mixed to generate a new gradient field, which is usually not integrable. We propose a 3D video integration algorithm, which finds a potential function, whose gradient field is closest to the resulting gradient field in the sense of least squares. The video is reconstructed by solving a 3D Poisson equation. We use a fast and accurate 3D discrete Poisson solver using diagonal multigrids. A set of gradient operators are defined for user interaction. The resulting video has temporal coherency and no artifacts. We evaluate our algorithm using a variety of examples. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Abstract This paper presents a new framework for seamless video Editing in the gradient domain. The spatio-temporal gradient fields of target videos are modified or mixed to generate a new gradient field, which is usually not integrable. We propose a 3D video integration algorithm, which finds a potential function, whose gradient field is closest to the resulting gradient field in the sense of least squares. The video is reconstructed by solving a 3D Poisson equation. We use a fast and accurate 3D discrete Poisson solver using diagonal multigrids. A set of gradient operators are defined for user interaction. The resulting video has temporal co-herency and no artifacts. We evaluate our algorithm using a variety of examples.
Improving the System Performance of High Altitude Platforms Serving Suburban Areas

High Altitude Platforms (HAP) has been evolving to make a new history in wireless communications infrastructure. A number of applications and services have been proposed for HAP based communications which advance HAP over terrestrial and satellite infrastructure for future communications. Providing high speed multimedia mobile communications through HAPs to the users of Third Generation (3G) holds strong position using one of the proposed band, 2GHz. In this study we investigated how to improve the performance of 3G serving from HAP over a territory having suburban characteristics. Two proposed channel models, free space loss and shadowing loss, has been used to analyze the performance of HAP systems at 2GHz frequency band for suburban regions. Three different parameters namely antenna bore point, HAP antenna roll off factor and user antenna roll off factor have proposed to improve the performance of HAP systems while considering suburban regions. A scenario has introduced consisting of an ideal suburban and rural region to serve 3G services while emphasizing on suburban region. The number of HAPs required to serve the defined suburban region is restricted to at least three due to elevation dependent losses in the scenario. The three proposed parameters have been used to improve the performance of 3G services over the selected suburban region. Application of the parameters over suburban region gives different performances which can be categorized in different ways. Some of the parameters are more elastic than others for a certain coverage area. We conclude with adaptive application of the parameters for 3G services over suburban area to have improved performance of HAP.
Acoustic Conditioning and Ranching of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata in Massachusetts USA (The 39th Scientific Symposium of UJNR Aquaculture Panel : The Present and future of the Aquaculture Industry)

2011年8月22日受理(Received on August 22, 2011) *1 Marine Biological Laboratory, Marine Resources Center, 7 MBL St. Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA E-mail: slindell@mbl.edu *2 Marine Resources Center, 7 MBL St. Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA *3 Clifford A. Goudey and Associates, 21 Marlboro Street, Newburyport, Massachusetts 01950, USA *4 Marine Policy Center MS 41, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA *5 Ocean Farm Technologies, 114 Higgins Road, North Searsmont, Maine 04973, USA Abstract:Acoustic ranching consists of training fish to school to an area via a sound stimulus that is coupled with a food reward (classical Pavlovian conditioning). It may present an opportunity to raise fish with less environmental impact and at less expense than typical open ocean fish farms. Some advantages include (i) low capital and operating costs to construct, install, and maintain a feeding and recapture station, (ii) low feed costs because fish have opportunities to forage on wild food as well as formulated diets, (iii) low impact on the environment due to natural dispersion of fish and their wastes, and (iv) the technology could aid stock replenishment efforts by weaning hatchery-raised fish from pelleted diets to fending for themselves in the wild. This project represents the first attempt to farm marine fish with acoustic ranching in North America. In June 2008 we erected and installed an AquaDomeTM, a 10 m wide by 5 m high geodesic dome in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts USA. The AquaDomeTM was fitted with a feeding tube, an underwater speaker, and underwater cameras to monitor and record fish behavior. Approximately 5,000 tagged black sea bass (50 to 80 g) were stocked into the AquaDomeTM. The fish were trained in the cage by feeding them twice a day in tandem with a sound cue. Once the training was completed, 2.54 cm mesh on the AquaDomeTM was replaced with 10.16 cm mesh so the fish could swim out and back in when cued to sound. Many set up residency on the nearby rocks. We conclude that fish have longer memories than previously thought and are readily adaptable to acoustic training. However, the application of this technology in the field is fraught with risks, especially when there is the threat of predators.