Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Logistic regression with conjugate gradient descent for document classification

Logistic regression is a model for function estimation that measures the relationship between independent variables and a categorical dependent variable, and by approximating a conditional probabilistic density function using a logistic function, also known as a sigmoidal function. Multinomial logistic regression is used to predict categorical variables where there can be more than two categories or classes. The most common type of algorithm for optimizing the cost function for this model is gradient descent. In this project, I implemented logistic regression using conjugate gradient descent (CGD). I used the 20 Newsgroups data set collected by Ken Lang. I compared the results with those for existing implementations of gradient descent. The conjugate gradient optimization methodology outperforms existing implementations.
Time- and wavelength-division multiplex distributed sensing interrogation system based on distributed feedback laser array and ultraweak fiber Bragg grating

Abstract. An interrogation system for large-capacity fiber-distributed sensing was proposed and implemented. The system is based on the time- and wavelength-division multiplexed method and ultraweak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor arrays. A narrow-linewidth tunable light source consisting of a distributed feedback laser array is used, which can be directly modulated into nanosecond pulses with a wide tuning range. Theoretically, the system can achieve a demodulation of >10,000 gratings and the FBG can be placed closely. An experimental system was implemented and the performance of the established system was tested, including its wavelength demodulation, time-division multiplexing, and temperature-sensing characteristics. The prototype achieved 27-nm wavelength demodulation and successfully demodulated 10 ultraweak grating strings of the same wavelength. By rationally planning the grating network, we can evaluate from the experimental results that the prototype can achieve at least 220 grating demodulation.
Vortices at Microwave Frequencies

Abstract The behavior of vortices at microwave frequencies is an extremely useful source of information on the microscopic parameters that enter the description of the vortex dynamics. This feature has acquired particular relevance since the discovery of unusual superconductors, such as cuprates. Microwave investigation then extended its field of application to many families of superconductors, including the artificially nanostructured materials. It is then important to understand the basics of the physics of vortices moving at high frequency, as well as to understand what information the experiments can yield (and what they can not). The aim of this brief review is to introduce the readers to some basic aspects of the physics of vortices under a microwave electromagnetic field, and to guide them to an understanding of the experiment, also by means of the illustration of some relevant results.
Note on b-colorings in Harary graphs

A b-coloring is a coloring of the vertices of a graph such that each color class contains a vertex that has a neighbor in all other color classes. The b-chromatic number b(G) is the largest integer k such that G admits a b-coloring with k colors. In this note, according to the values taken by the order n of a graph, we determine exact values or bounds for the b-chromatic number of H2m;n which is the Harary graph Hk;n when k is even: Therefore our result improves the result concerning the b-chromatic of p-th power graphs of cycles and give a negative answer to the open problem of E¤antin and Kheddouci. Keywords: Coloration, b-coloring, b-chromatic number. AMS Subject Classi cation: 05C69.
Enhanced Error Correction Employing Natural Redundancy of Sensor Data

Standard error correction codes (ECC) assume good data compression, thus expecting uniform apriori distribution of data. This assumption does not allow the exploitation of actual non-uniform priors, which may exist, to improve the threshold at which ECC decoding fails. This work presents a new scheme that builds a probabilistic model for data and uses this model to enhance ECC decoding performance. The approach is flexible because training is done online and does not assume any specific data type or structure but only the existence of some temporal correlation between codewords. This scheme can be helpful for a large class of systems, such as wireless sensors and autonomous platforms. The method was tested via simulation using standard ECC from the IEEE802.11 standard and in experiments in which an autonomous platform transmitted data to the base station. The results show significant improvement in decoding performance. Additionally, the article explains the nature of the performance gain.
Early Administration of the Phytocannabinoid Cannabidivarin Prevents the Neurobehavioral Abnormalities Associated with the Fmr1-KO Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Phytocannabinoids, including the non-addictive cannabis component cannabidivarin (CBDV), have been reported to hold therapeutic potential in several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Nonetheless, the therapeutic value of phytocannabinoids for treating Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a major NDD, remains unexplored. Here, we characterized the neurobehavioral effects of CBDV at doses of 20 or 100 mg/kg in the Fmr1-knockout (Fmr1-KO) mouse model of FXS using two temporally different intraperitoneal regimens: subchronic 10-day delivery during adulthood (Study 1: rescue treatment) or chronic 5-week delivery at adolescence (Study 2: preventive treatment). Behavioral tests assessing FXS-like abnormalities included anxiety, locomotor, cognitive, social and sensory alterations. Expression of inflammatory and plasticity markers was investigated in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. When administered during adulthood (Study 1), the effects of CBDV were marginal, rescuing at the lower dose only the acoustic hyper-responsiveness of Fmr1-KO mice and at both doses their altered hippocampal expression of neurotrophins. When administered during adolescence (Study 2), CBDV at both doses prevented the cognitive, social and acoustic alterations of adult Fmr1-KO mice and modified the expression of several inflammatory brain markers in both wild-type littermates and mutants. These findings warrant the therapeutic potential of CBDV for preventing neurobehavioral alterations associated with FXS, highlighting the relevance of its early administration.
MIMO Feedback Error Learning without Recourse to Positive Realness

This paper proposes an improved learning scheme for MIMO-FEL (Muliti-input multi-output feedback error learning) of preﬁlter-integration-type. Compared with an existing scheme, which is based on the gradient method and easily implemented, the proposed scheme does not require positive realness of the closed loop system. The paper shows the parameters converge to true values under a PE condition, and veriﬁes its eﬀectiveness in terms of simulation.
Role of nucleus accumbens dopamine 2 receptors in motivating cocaine use in male and female rats prior to and following the development of an addiction-like phenotype

A hallmark of cocaine use disorder (CUD) is dysfunction of dopamine signaling in the mesolimbic pathway, including impaired dopamine 2 (D2) receptor signaling. One of the most replicated findings in human imagining studies is decreased striatal D2 receptor binding in individuals with a substance use disorder relative to healthy controls; however, the vast majority of the data is from males, and findings in smokers suggest this molecular shift may not translate to females. The goal of this study was to determine whether there are sex differences in the role of D2 receptors in motivating cocaine use prior to and following the development of an addiction-like phenotype (defined by an enhanced motivation for cocaine relative to the short-access, ShA, group). Here, male and female rats were given ShA (20 infusions/day, 3 days) or extended-access (ExA; 24h/day, 96 infusions/day, 10 days) to cocaine self-administration and then following 14 days of withdrawal, were tested under a progressive-ratio schedule to assess motivation for cocaine use. Once a stable level of motivation was established, the effect of NAc-infusions of the D2 receptor antagonist eticlopride (0–3.0 µg/side) were examined. We found that in males, eticlopride was less effective at decreasing motivation for cocaine following ExA versus ShA self-administration, particularly at low eticlopride doses. In contrast, in females, there were no differences in the effectiveness of eticlopride between ExA and ShA. These findings indicate that males, but not females, become less sensitive to NAc-D2 receptor antagonism with the development of an addiction-like phenotype.
Effectiveness of Bacteriophages against Biofilm-Forming Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli In Vitro and on Food-Contact Surfaces

(1) Background: Formation of biofilms on food-contact surfaces by Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) can pose a significant challenge to the food industry, making conventional control methods insufficient. Targeted use of bacteriophages to disrupt these biofilms could reduce this problem. Previously isolated and characterized bacteriophages (n = 52) were evaluated against STEC biofilms in vitro and on food-contact surfaces. (2) Methods: Phage treatments (9 logs PFU/mL) in phosphate-buffered saline were used individually or as cocktails. Biofilms of STEC (O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145) were formed in 96-well micro-titer plates (7 logs CFU/mL; 24 h) or on stainless steel (SS) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) coupons (9 logs CFU/cm2; 7 h), followed by phage treatment. Biofilm disruption was measured in vitro at 0, 3, and 6 h as a change in optical density (A595). Coupons were treated with STEC serotype-specific phage-cocktails or a 21-phage cocktail (3 phages/serotype) for 0, 3, 6, and 16 h, and surviving STEC populations were enumerated. (3) Results: Of the 52 phages, 77% showed STEC biofilm disruption in vitro. Serotype-specific phage treatments reduced pathogen population within the biofilms by 1.9–4.1 and 2.3–5.6 logs CFU/cm2, while the 21-phage cocktail reduced it by 4.0 and 4.8 logs CFU/cm2 on SS and HDPE, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Bacteriophages can be used to reduce STEC and their biofilms.
Suspension thermal noise and Opto-mechanics in gram-scale flexures

Recent direct detections of gravitational waves by the Advanced Laser Interferometry Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) have opened a new field of astronomy. Upgrades to improve the sensitivity of detectors around the world promise a future of rich astronomical observations, which will both expand our knowledge of the universe and complement discoveries from electromagnetic astronomy. The detectable displacement signals caused by gravitational waves are extremely small and easily masked by noise. Suspension thermal noise is one of them. It couples into the detectors through the isolation systems that suspend and isolate the test mass mirrors, placing a fundamental limit on the displacement sensitivity of interferometric gravitational wave detectors. One way to mitigate this noise source is by careful selection and thorough characterisation of the materials used in these suspension and isolation systems. We used a Fabry-Perot cavity with one mirror mounted on a gram-scale flexure to study suspension thermal noise and opto-mechanical response of the system. The behaviour of this macroscopic system could then be used to evaluate the responses of a kilogram-scale opto-mechanical system, such as gravitational wave detectors. Thermal noise is governed by the Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem, which links mechanical loss to the displacement caused by the thermal energy in each mode. In this thesis, a simple model using this theorem was developed to predict the thermal-noise-induced displacement of the flexures. We present the frequency distribution of thermal noise for flexures made of aluminium, niobium and silicon. Silicon in particular is a promising material for suspension systems in future gravitational wave detectors. These measurements are in the audio-frequency band between 10Hz and 10 kHz and span up to an order of magnitude above and below the fundamental flexure resonances. Our analysis indicates that, for aluminium and niobium, structural noise dominates the displacement fluctuation spectra at low frequencies, whereas thermoelastic noise dominates at higher frequencies. The silicon flexure, as a result of careful design, shows a displacement spectrum dominated by structural damping both below and above the fundamental resonance. Results from a second niobium flexure provide evidence for qualitative changes in the displacement spectrum caused by surface damage in addition to a reduction of the mechanical quality factor. The measurement results show good agreement when compared to the simple model. Lastly, we show experimental results of a statically and dynamically stable optomechanical cavity. The system is driven by a single optical field without external feedback control. The cavity exhibits stiffening due to radiation-pressure force, as well as an optically induced damping which cannot be due to radiation pressure. The optical damping is measured to be four orders of magnitude larger than the mechanical damping of the flexure. The cavity is shown to self-lock under the
Multipolar optically induced electric and magnetic resonances in the ellipsoidal nanoparticles

In this paper, electric and magnetic resonances induced in the ellipsoidal dielectric nanoparticles in the optical range have been analyzed. Circular displacement currents excited inside the elliptical nano-particles by the incident light result in magnetic dipolar resonance in the dielectric nanoparticles. Kerker’s type scattering is observed due to the mutual interference of electric and magnetic resonances. The effect on the resonance conditions with the variation in the relative permittivity from Er= 5 to Er= 20 of the ellipsoidal nanoparticle has been observed. It has been analyzed that peaks of electric and magnetic resonances come closer by decreasing the electric permittivity of the nanoparticle, which leads to the increase in the directionality in the forward direction, as verified using Generalized Kerker’s condition. Further, far field scattering patterns have been obtained using the finite element method. Here, the electric and magnetic resonances have been optically induced up to quadrupolar modes. There is enhancement of the directionality in the forward direction when electric and magnetic resonances are in phase. Further, the effect of size of the linear array of ellipsoidal nanoparticles on the directionality has been analyzed. It has been observed that there is increase in the directivity by increasing the chain of the nanoparticles. Thus, the ellipsoidal nanoparticles can lead to the design of low loss and highly directional optical nanoantennas.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in a 17-Year-Old Female Patient: A Case Report

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare disorder predominantly affecting young women. Clinical presentation is not specific and varies depending on the location of the thrombus. The diagnosis requires clinical suspicion with confirmation by images. Guidelines for treatment recommend heparin during the acute phase even in patients with intraparenchymal hemorrhage. It is associated with a good prognosis when diagnosed and treated promptly. We present a case of CVT and intraparenchymal hemorrhage in a 17-year-old female with severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and altered mental status. The patient was diagnosed with CVT secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). She showed improvement after anticoagulation and corticosteroids.
Nutritional aspects and commercial challenges of Muscovy duck meat (Cairina moschata)

SUMMARY Greater knowledge about the characteristics and nutritional quality of duck meat makes it possible to implement initiatives aimed at promoting higher per capita consumption. The objective of this review was to gather available information on the use of aquatic birds, with a focus on the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), in human food. The Muscovy duck can have a carcass yield of up to 74% and breast of up to 26%; its meat has excellent nutritional value due to its high protein content (18.6 to 20.8%), high polyunsaturated fatty acid content (20 to 40% of the total fatty acids) and low intramuscular fat content (2.7 to 8.2%). The global market for duck meat shows an upward trend in production and per capita consumption on the rise due to the great acceptance of the traditional consumer market for processed products based on duck meat.
Robust pedestrian detection in infrared images using rotation and scale invariant-based structure element descriptor

Pedestrian detection is a significant problem in infrared (IR) images that find varieties of applications in defense systems. The performance of the state-of-the-art of pedestrian detection methods in IR images still have abundant space for improvement towards accuracy. In this paper, a three-level filtering-based pedestrian block detection method is proposed. In addition, a rotation and scale invariant structure element descriptor (RSSED) is proposed for pedestrian detection in infrared (IR) images. To extract RSSED features, the pedestrian block detection result is encoded using local binary pattern (LBP). The LBP encoded image is quantised adaptively to four levels. Further, the proposed RSSED is used to generate the feature descriptor from the quantised image. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the objects in given IR image into pedestrian and non-pedestrian. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs effectively in pedestrian detection than the other methods.
PAC-Battling Bandits with Plackett-Luce: Tradeoff between Sample Complexity and Subset Size

We introduce the probably approximately correct (PAC) version of the problem of Battling-bandits with the Plackett-Luce (PL) model – an online learning framework where in each trial, the learner chooses a subset of k ≤ n arms from a pool of fixed set of n arms, and subsequently observes a stochastic feedback indicating preference information over the items in the chosen subset; e.g., the most preferred item or ranking of the top m most preferred items etc. The objective is to recover an ‘approximate-best’ item of the underlying PL model with high probability. This framework is motivated by practical settings such as recommendation systems and information retrieval, where it is easier and more efficient to collect relative feedback for multiple arms at once. Our framework can be seen as a generalization of the well-studied PAC-Dueling-Bandit problem over set of n arms Szörényi et al. [2015], Busa-Fekete et al. [2013]. We propose two different feedback models: just the winner information (WI), and ranking of top-m items (TR), for any 2 ≤ m ≤ k. We show that with just the winner information (WI), one cannot recover the ‘approximate-best’ item with sample complexity lesser than Ω (
Exploring New Physics in Ultracold Quantum Gases: High Spin Fermions and Non-Trivial Background Manifolds

A large portion of cold atom researches have been devoted to finding novel systems by taking advantage of the high manipulability of cold atom experiments. From the original Bose-Einstein condensates, to the recent realization of Harper-Hofstadter models, cold atoms have kept feeding the world with surprises of realizing systems that were once thought to be purely theoretical constructions. Such trend of research have propelled this thesis to seek for possible new physics based on current cold atom technologies, and to discuss its unique properties. In the first part, we will discuss the local spin ordering for systems made of large spin fermions. This is a generalization of the usual magnetic ordering for spin-1/2 systems, and we shall see that the large spin characters have made qualitative difference. Here we provide a general tensorial classification for fermionic systems of arbitrary spin, and discussed their general character and associated topological defects in the Majorana representation. We have also identified a series of highly symmetric “Platonic solid states” that are stable against perturbations, and have good chance of being observed in experiments. The second part focuses on another topic, which is the effects of background manifold on the quantum systems residing on it. We will first examine the vortex physics for Bose condensates confined on non-trivial 2D surfaces with synthetic gauge fields. In particular, we discuss in detail the cylindrical surface as an example where two types of vortices and a peculiar “necklace” pattern show up as a result of the confining geometry. Then we discuss ii the topic of Hall viscosity, a unique dissipationless viscosity coefficient that is related to the adiabatic change of space geometry. We relate it to the density response of a system, and therefore provide an alternative way to compute and measure such a quantity.
An overview on studies of species complexes in Solanaceae

Solanaceae comprises many species complexes, taxonomically challenging lineages that require specialized effort to be reliably delimited, and thus develop a reasoned hypothesis at the species level. To obtain an overview of aspects that permeate species complexes studies in Solanaceae, we collected and summarized details of selected works, resulting in 83 published articles comprising nine genera. Solanum , the most studied genus, spans all explored biogeographic realms, characterized by taxonomic complexity related to its long history of domestication. Capsicum is a unique case due to the adoption of complexes as an indicator of gene pool, while Petunia can potentially serve as a model for the use of species complexes to improve evolutionary knowledge given their phylogeographic studies. The Neotropical region concentrates the majority of research and presents the highest number of genera studied. Morphometrics is the main applied approach probably due to its low cost, followed by population genetics, reproductive biology, phylogeny, and others. Most studies do not present taxonomic decisions or apply integrated methods. We encourage studies with some neglected genera that may have hidden species complexes; a major effort to resolve the Solanum nigrum complex; and the use of effective, less applied fields of study such as ecology and