Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Governing spaces: urban transit, land development and the local state

In New Zealand and in the UK, policymakers have assumed that public transport operators are in a similar position to the operators of trucks, taxis, airlines and shipping. As such, a philosophy of commercialisation has been applied to bus operations. In practice, transit commercialisation has been disastrous. A large part of the problem is that transit operations do not compete with each other so much as with the automobile. As such, the agency which has the most incentive and ability to attract new customers to transit is not the operator but rather the city or, to be more precise, the ‘local state’. It is up to the local state to organise ‘loss leader’ transit services on priority routes, which will facilitate more intensive land development and eventually pay for themselves through higher rates. Transit commercialisation permits the local state to evade its development responsibilities and forces operators themselves into a defensive mode, reliant on inelastic, ‘captive’ customers and employing market strategies such as non-transferable tickets to retain their share of a small and perhaps shrinking pie.
Pengendalian Infeksi Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Ekstrak Rimpang Lengkuas Merah (Alpinia purpurata)

MAS diseases ( Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia ) is caused by the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila . One of the natural ingredients that can be used as an alternative to inhibit bacterial activity is the extract of red galangal rhizome ( Alpinia purpurata ). Active substances possessed of this material have potential as antibacterial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of red galangal rhizome extract in the control of MAS disease in tilapia. The type of this research is experimental research in Completely Random Design (RAL) with 6 treatments, which are positive control, negative control, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. The result of the research on the activity of the galangal extract bacteria on A. hydrophila obtained the widest clear zone at 1000 ppm constipation, which is 9.7625 mm. The treatment has been conducted by immersion of Tilapia fish into the extracted red galangan rgizomes for 5 minutes, then it was put into aquarium for maintenance for 7 days. 0.1 ml A. hydrophila (10 8 cfu/ml) was injected to Tilapia. The result of the research on antibacterial shoes the wides clear zone at 1000 ppm with constipation, which is 9.7625 mm and the effectiveness test of red galangal extract on tilapia infected by A. hydrophila bacteria experience (ulcer) healing after 7 days with the concentration of rhizome extract of galangal 1000 ppm. Key words : red galangal rhizome extract, A . hydrophila , A . purpurata .
GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE: UMA ANÁLISE DA IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA HÍDRICA

O estudo analisa as medidas adotadas pelo poder publico estadual para a implantacao de um novo modelo de gestao hidrica, o modelo sistemico, introduzido pela politica nacional de recursos hidricos. O objetivo principal e analisar o processo de implementacao desse novo modelo no âmbito do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, a partir da sistematizacao dos mecanismos gerenciais em funcionamento e a luz da legislacao vigente. A abordagem e fruto de uma pesquisa exploratoria realizada a partir de documentos impressos e eletronicos e em ampla legislacao federal e estadual sobre a materia. Os aspectos mais relevantes para a compreensao da tematica sao os aspectos legais, nas esferas federal e estadual, a (re) estruturacao dos orgaos publicos estaduais que atuam na gestao das aguas e a organizacao dos comites de bacias hidrograficas. Constata-se que a gestao hidrica estadual apresenta fortes tracos do modelo economico-financeiro, baseado em planejamento estrategico, instrumentos economicos e tecnocracia. Nao obstante, o arcabouco normativo e as iniciativas do estado, embora marcadas pela morosidade, indicam a possibilidade de mudanca para o modelo sistemico, fundado na gestao democratica, participativa e deliberativa.
High‐power ceramic materials for piezoelectric transformers

Considering the characteristics of materials required for piezoelectric transformers, and introducing the maximum vibration velocity vmax that generates a fixed temperature rise, we can express the maximum output power of a piezoelectric transformer as the product of this v2max, the square of the power coefficient on the output side A2 and the load resistance RL. Moreover, the power coefficient on the output side A2 is proportional to the product of the square root of Young's modulus YE, the square root of the electromechanical coupling coefficient k, and the permittivity ϵ33. This is verified by using two types of piezoelectric transformers in an inverter where the output section may be of the Rosen type or the transverse-effect type. It is shown that the contributions made by the structure of the piezoelectric transformer and the load resistance differ in each case. The Rosen structure is used in the piezoelectric transformer for the inverter, and it is shown that a material with large maximum vibration velocity vmax is useful in this case. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 82(11): 86–92, 1999
Travel Determinants and Multiscale Transferability of National Activity Patterns to Local Populations

The ability to transfer national travel patterns to a local population is of interest for modeling either large areas that exceed the boundaries of a metropolitan planning organization or small regions with no available travel survey data. At the core of this research are questions about the connection between travel behavior and land use, urban form, and accessibility. To explore this relationship, the researchers selected a group of land use variables to define activity and travel patterns for individuals and households. The 2001 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) participants were divided into categories consisting of a set of latent cluster models representing persons, travel, and land use. This set was compared with two sets of cluster models constructed for two local travel surveys. Mean statistical tests were compared to assess differences among socio-demographic groups residing in localities with similar land uses. The results showed that the NHTS and the local surveys shared mean population activity and travel characteristics. However, these similarities masked behavioral heterogeneity, which was seen when distributions of activity and travel behavior were examined. Therefore, data from a national household travel survey in combination with land use data cannot be used to model local population travel characteristics if the goal is to model the behavioral distributions and not just mean travel behavior characteristics.
Adoption framework for advanced manufacturing technologies

The paper examines the adoption of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT). The general proposition is that the adoption of AMT reflects an interactive learning process, which is described by the extant use of AMT, firm-specific AMT knowledge accumulation, and the transfer of AMT ideas among networks of firms, suppliers, industry associations and government. This general proposition was specified as a structural equation model of Adoption of AMT. Data were based on the experiences of 224 Australian manufacturing companies that have invested and succeeded in using AMT. The results suggest that the adoption of AMT is primarily a function of a firm's assets for AMT, which comprise the resources, capabilities, and competences for developing and using AMT. The relationship between the adoption of AMT and assets for AMT was reciprocal, which implied a process of dynamic accumulation of both technology and human assets — a view consonant with the competence perspective of the firm. Overall, assets for AMT represent the AMT knowledge base of firms, and were shown to have a crucial role in determining the adoption of AMT.
Impact of change orders on construction productivity

In construction projects it is virtually certain that there will be changes made during the course of the work, and that the owner (or design professional) and the contractor will seldom agree on the cost and schedule impact of the changes. This is particularly so on fast track construction, where design and construction are overlapped to accelerate the delivery of projects. Without a doubt, the most contentious area of impact of change orders is their effect on the productivity of the contractor's labour force. This paper presents the quantitative results of a comprehensive field investigation using 90 cases drawn from 57 different construction projects to identify the effects of change orders on productivity. The results indicate a significant direct correlation between the labour component of change orders and the loss of productivity, for both civil/architectural and electrical/mechanical works. These losses are exacerbated by the added presence of other major causes of productivity losses such as acc.
A Comparative Review of Methods for Stability Monitoring in Electrical Power Systems and Vibrating Structures

This paper provides a review of methods used for stability monitoring in two different fields, electrical power systems and vibration analysis, with the aim of increasing awareness of and highlighting opportunities for cross-fertilisation. The paper discusses the nature of the problems that require stability monitoring in both fields and outlines the similarities between the problems as well as the approaches that have been taken. The review of power systems methods is presented in two parts: methods for ambient or normal operation and methods for transient or post-fault operation. Similarly, the review of methods for vibration analysis is presented in two parts: methods for stationary or linear time-invariant data and methods for non-stationary or non-linear time-variant data. Some observations and comments are made regarding methods that have already been applied in both fields including recommendations for the use of different sets of algorithms that have not been utilised to date. Additionally, methods that have been applied to vibration analysis, and have potential for power systems stability monitoring are discussed and recommended. measurements from power systems: the Yule Walker (YW) algorithms and system as a realisation of present and past inputs, and past outputs. Frequency-domain models identify system parameters from the spectral representation of the system outputs. Finally, state-space models identify the system parameters by computing the state-space representation of an equivalent system with the measured outputs as its outputs. power system monitoring in the electrical engineering field, providing more opportunities for cross-fertilisation. This paper has made some suggestions of promising methods that can be applied to power systems: stationary methods such as Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models solved using Instrumental Variable (IV) methods, and Subspace Identification (SSI) aided by Principal Components (PCs), as well as non-stationary parametric methods like deterministic parameter evolution Time Varying ARMA (TARMA) models.
A Low-power Switchable Dual-band CMOS LNA for 802.11 a/b/g WLAN Applications

Abstract A low-power switchable dual-band complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) low-noise amplifier (LNA) for 802.11a/b/g wireless local-area network applications is presented. The switched external capacitor is added to the gate-source node of the input transistor, which match to the input port in two frequency bands of 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. By just adding a small-size switched capacitor to the conventional source-degenerated topology, the proposed LNA has an advantage of occupying less chip area compared to other concurrent topology that uses more inductors by adopting LC tank resonators. In addition, it consumes less current compared to other topology which adopts a switched transistor technique. The proposed LNA is designed and simulated using a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. The LNA core draws only 2.3 mA from a 1 V supply voltage. The S11 and S22 of the proposed LNA are less than −10 dB in the two frequency bands. The noise figure is 3.2 and 3.5 dB at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz, respectively. The power gain is larger than 10 dB. The input IP3 is −2.9 and −3.1 dBm at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz, respectively.
Correlation between early magnetic resonance imaging brain abnormalities in term infants with perinatal asphyxia and neuro developmental outcome at one year

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of permanent brain damage in neonates with perinatal asphyxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is valuable in predicting prognosis following HIE.Methods: Prospective observational cohort study was conducted in tertiary level referral hospital in term infants born with perinatal asphyxia. MRI brain was done between 5 to 14 days of age. Anthropometry and neurological examinations were recorded at birth, discharge and follow-up. Denver developmental screening test II was performed at follow up.Results: Out of 174 neonates born with PA, enrolled 64 underwent MRI brain. Out of these 14% had stage I, 70% stage II and 16 % stage III HIE as per Sarnat staging. At follow up, abnormalities in tone were noted in 36% infants, which included spastic quadriplegia in 34% and atonic cerebral palsy in 2%. DDST II was normal in 32 and suspect in 18 (36%) infants; with global developmental delay in 14 (28%) and predominantly motor development delay in 4 (8%). Abnormal lesions were seen in the corpus callosum in 34 (68%), posterior limb of internal capsule in 14 (28%), basal ganglia in 11 (22%), watershed region in 6 (12%), thalamus in 4 (8%) and corticospinal tract in 1 (2%) infants were associated with statistical significant poor neurodevelopment outcome p<0.05. Diffusion weighted MRI showed abnormalities in the posterior limb of internal capsule (PLIC) in 27 (54%), BG in 8 (16%) and thalamus in 2 (4%) infants was associated with statistically significant poor neurodevelopmental outcome (NDO) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Lesion in BG, thalamic region and PLIC in conventional MRI and abnormality in DW imaging in PLIC and BG were found to correlate with poor NDO at one year of life.
Efeito do uso de enxaguatórios bucais no esmalte clareado e a correlação entre rugosidade do esmalte e alteração de cor : Effect of mouth rinses exposure on bleached enamel and the correlation between enamel roughness and color change

Objective: To evaluate, in vitro, the effect of mouth rinse exposure on bleached enamel with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and the correlation between enamel roughness and color change of tooth. Methods: In chapter 1, enamel/dentine bovine blocks (4x4x2 mm) were bleached and were submitted to immersion twice daily, for 14 days, with different rinses (n=10), including: distilled water (C, control); 225 ppm NaF (FM, Colgate® Plax Classic); essential oil (EM, Listerine® Tartar Control); 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (HPM, Colgate® Plax Whitening); and 2% hydrogen peroxide + pyrophosphates and 225 ppm NaF (HPM + P, Colgate® Luminous White). The specimens were stored in remineralizing solution for all experiment. Analyses of color changes (ΔE, L*, a*, b*) and roughness (Ra) were performed in baseline, after HP and after the use of mouth rinses. The crosssectional microhardness (CSMH) and images by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were assessed in final time. The data were subjected to ANOVA (∆E), repeated measures ANOVA (Ra), and split-plot ANOVA (CSMH) followed by the Tukey ́s test. The L*, a* and b* values were analyzed by generalized linear models (α=0.05). In chapter 2, enamel/dentin bovine blocks (553,2 mm) were serially ground with the abrasive papers (1200-grit SiC, 800-grit SiC and 600-grit SiC). In paired model, the analyses of color changes (ΔE, L*, a*, b*) and Ra were performed among the sandpaper exposure. The data were subjected to ANOVA using models for repeated measures followed by the Tukey ́s test and the Pearson ́s correlation test (α=0.05). Results: In chapter 1, color changes were not statistically different in the mouth rinse groups. Ra values increased after bleaching; however were reestablished in C, FM and HPM+F and increased in EM. EM and HPM reduced the CHSM values differing from C (p<0.01) and promoted alterations on enamel surface showed by SEM. In chapter 2, L* values decreased in accordance to increase of Ra values. A correlation was found between the Ra values and the L* (r=-0.67), alteration of Ra with a* (r=0.29). Conclusion: The mouth rinses did not affect the whitening effectiveness or promoted benefits on bleached enamel properties. Moreover, the 1.5% hydrogen peroxideor essential oilbased mouth rinses impair enamel recovery. The alteration of enamel surface roughness acted negatively on the luminosity of the tooth, correlating with the values of L*. However, there is no significance alteration in general change of tooth color, represented by ∆E values.
Estimating Actual Transpiration of Apple Trees Based on Infrared Thermometry

AbstractA method was developed based on the radiative properties and energy budget of a single apple leaf to calculate the actual transpiration (T) of apple trees. The model uses canopy temperature (Tc), air temperature (Ta) measured in the orchard, and other meteorological data from a local weather station as inputs. The model was applied to two scenarios, as follows: (1) well-watered, young Fuji apple trees in the 2007 and 2008 growing seasons; and (2) older apple trees, bearing little fruit in the 2013 growing season. Simulated transpiration rates at both scenarios were compared with Penman-Monteith (PM) model predictions corrected by regionally adjusted crop coefficients, i.e., values of ETc. In 2007 and 2008, a linear regression analysis of the relationship between daily mean transpiration (Tavg) and ETc revealed that they better agreed on warm and dry days (correlation coefficient R2=0.57, slope=1.16, and intercept=0.4) than during cold and humid periods (R2=0.48, slope=0.69, and intercept=2.3). Com.
Polarization converters based on elliptical micro/nano optical fibers

A novel class of polarization converters (PCs) in highly birefringent (Hi-Bi) microfibers is proposed and investi- gated numerically by use of the coded full vectorial finite difference beam propagation method. The novel PCs may be implemented by periodically deforming the surface along “one-side” of a Hi-Bi microfiber. Simulation shows that complete polarization may be achieved with a device length of less than 300 μm.
A new model reference adaptive control method based on neural network for servo system

In this paper, a new model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme based on neural network (NN) for servo system position tracking control is proposed. This scheme consists of an MRAC controller and an online NN controller in velocity-loop. The velocity-loop is encircled with a position-loop which used a traditional PID controller. For reducing influence which arose from modeling error, unknown model dynamics, parameter variation and load changes on the velocity-loop, the NN controller is introduced to counteract the various influence mentioned above dynamically, adjust system to track the approximate velocity-loop reference model. The negative gradient method is used in MRAC and NN controller parameters update. In this way, the position-loop is not sensitive to the disturbance on velocity-loop, and the whole velocity-loop can be treated as a simple linear model when designing the other parts of the system. The simulation results show that the proposed method can counteract the disturbance effectively.
The protective effects of Crocin on testopathy in fat-fed and streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats: An experimental study

Abstract Background Male hypogonadism is associated with type II diabetes mellitus due to testicular dysfunction. Medicinal plants have received considerable attention for the management of diabetes and its complications. Objective The aim of present study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic and protective influence of Crocin on testopathy in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, type II of diabetes mellitus was induced by high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin. Male Wistar rats (8 weeks, 150–200 gr, 18 rats; n= 6 per group) were divided into a control group (standard diet), diabetic group (streptozotocin+high-fat diet), and treatment group (High-fat diet+streptozotocin+Crocin at 20 mg/kg/day, i.p. for 60 days). After 60 days, animals were euthanized, testis and epididymis were dissected, and weights of testes and sperm count were analyzed. Hematoxylin-eosin-stained was done for histopathological examination. Blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum glucose and cholesterol. Results High-fat diet and streptozotocin significantly increased the serum glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to the control group (p≤ 0. 001). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the weight of right (p= 0.008) and left testes (p≤ 0. 001) and also the total sperm count (p= 0.023) in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Current results also identified that type II diabetes mellitus induced degeneration in the morphology of seminiferous tubules. Application of Crocin could significantly decrease serum glucose and cholesterol levels (p= 0.003). Furthermore, Crocin treatment significantly increased the weight of the right (p= 0.026) and left (p= 0.014) testes and total sperm count (p= 0.000). Also, Crocin could attenuate the pathological changes of the testes in the treatment group. Conclusion Present findings concluded that Crocin treatment improved diabetic testopathy and impairment of seminiferous tubules induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin.
Mimicking the biological world: Methods for the 3D structuring of artificial cellular environments

Combining modern methods in microsystem technology with the latest advancements in the life sciences, namely those in tissue engineering and advanced cell culturing, is promoting the development of a promising toolbox for modeling biological systems. The core problem to solve using this toolbox is the design of 3D artificial cellular environments, both in fluidic systems and on solid substrates. The construction of 3D biological fluidic environments involves the use of microfluidic devices where fluid direction and behavior can be tightly regulated in a geometrically constrained environment for advanced cell cultivation. This is used in modern cultivation devices, such as bioreactors and multicompartment systems, including systems with integrated multielectrode arrays in both 2D and 3D. The construction of 3D cell cultures on substrates involves various fabrication techniques that use different polymers and biopolymers processed by micromachining, chemical pattern guided cell cultivation, photopolymerization, and organ printing methods. These methods together have the potential to create an artificial system with the complete hierarchical, geometrical, and functional organization found in an actual biological system. In this review, we describe representative developments in this research area and the fusion of formerly unrelated disciplines that are generating new beneficial applications in life sciences.