Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Multi-Objective Optimization with Updating Information on Humanitarian Response to Flood Disasters

Unpredictable natural disasters brought by extreme climate change compound difficulties and cause a variety of systemic risks. It is thus critical to provide possibilistic scheduling schemes that simultaneously involve emergency evacuation and relief allocation. But the existing literature seldom takes emergency evacuation and relief supplies as a joint consideration, nor do they explore the impact of an unpredictable flood disaster on the scheduling scheme. A multi-stage stochastic programming model with updating information is constructed in this study, which considers the uncertainty of supply and demand, road network, and multiple types of emergency reliefs and vehicles. In addition, a fuzzy algorithm based on the objective weighting of two-dimensional Euclidean distance is introduced, through moderating an effect analysis of the fuzzy number. Computational results show that humanitarian equity for allocating medical supplies in the fourth period under the medium and heavy flood is about 100%, which has the same as the value of daily and medical supplies within the first and third period in the heavy scenarios. Based on verifying the applicability and rationality of the model and method, the result also presents that the severity of the flood and the fairness of resources is not a simple cause-and-effect relationship, and the consideration of survivor is not the only factor for humanitarian rescue with multi-period. Specifically, paying more attention to a trade-off analysis between the survival probability, the timeliness, and the fairness of humanitarian service is essential. The work provides a reasonable scheme for updating information and responding to sudden natural disasters flexibly and efficiently.
D-ROMs and PAT Tests Reveal a High Level of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Severe Well-Controlled Asthma, and D-ROMs Are Positively Correlated with R20 Values That Indicate Approximate Central Airway Resistance

Background: The derivatives-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and plasma antioxidant capacity (PAT) tests are oxidative indexes. Severe asthma has been related to oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate d-ROMs and PAT values in severely controlled asthmatics and the correlation of these values with lung function. Methods: Blood samples were collected from severely controlled asthmatics and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was collected. The assays were performed within three hours of collection. The fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), impulse oscillometry (IOS), and spirometry were determined. Symptom control was recorded using the asthma control test (ACT). Results: Approximately 40 patients with severe controlled asthma (75%: women), mean age of 62 ± 12 years, were recruited. Approximately 5% had obstructive spirometry. The IOS revealed airway abnormalities even though the spirometric results were within the normal range, with it being more sensitive than spirometry. The D-ROMs and PAT test values were higher than normal, indicating oxidative stress in severe asthmatics with controlled asthma. D-ROMs were positively correlated with R20 values, indicating central airway resistance. Conclusions: The IOS technique revealed an otherwise hidden airway obstruction with spirometry. The D-ROMs and PAT tests revealed a high level of oxidative stress in severe controlled asthmatics. D-ROMs correlate with R20, indicating central airway resistance.
Characteristics of Gravity Waves from Convection and Implications for Their Parameterization in Global Circulation Models

AbstractCharacteristic properties of gravity waves from convection over the continental United States are derived from idealized high-resolution numerical simulations. In a unique modeling approach, waves are forced by a realistic thermodynamic source based on observed precipitation data. The square of the precipitation rate and the gravity wave momentum fluxes both show lognormal occurrence distributions, with long tails of extreme events. Convectively generated waves can give forces in the lower stratosphere that at times rival orographic wave forcing. Throughout the stratosphere, zonal forces due to convective wave drag are much stronger than accounted for by current gravity wave drag parameterizations, so their contribution to the summer branch of the stratospheric Brewer–Dobson circulation is in fact much larger than models predict. A comparison of these forces to previous estimates of the total drag implies that convectively generated gravity waves are a primary source of summer-hemisphere stratosph.
Review of Outdoor Air Pollution in Sri Lanka Compared to the South Asian Region

Air pollution is a significant issue that affects almost all the countries in the world while predominating in South Asian Regional countries due to poverty, less attention, and less awareness towards the implementation and obeying of air quality guidelines in public. As a developing country, Sri Lanka stands at an optimum state of national air quality compared to other SARC because it is an island with a minor population compared to India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc. Maldives and Bhutan lie straightforwardly in owing mild air quality in SARC. However, SARC is far behind the world in maintaining optimistic air quality nationwide. Ambient air pollution-attributable deaths have become interim in past decades, a severe burden to the sustainable existence of SARC. A well-established systematic epidemiological, empirical studies and revisions regarding air pollution, strategic planning for mitigating air pollution, and frequent Spatio-temporal pollution monitoring nodes are necessary for Sri Lanka to achieve the sustainable goal. Other South Asian countries: India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, and Maldives, also should pay attention to minimizing outdoor air pollution nationwide for the betterment of future existence.
A Modified BP Network Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Its Application in Steel Plate

BP algorithm is one of the most widely used algorithms in artificial neural network. A new kind of improvement BP algorithm based on singular value decomposition and a generalized inverse matrix was proposed in this paper. It not only increases the speed of network learning but also achieves a satisfying precision. The simulation and experiment results show the effect of improved BP algorithm on the classification of the surface defects of steel strip.
A Radiation-Shielded, Shallow Underground, Long-Coherence Time Quantum Qubit Concept

Ionizing radiation from ambient radioactivity has been shown to reduce the coherence time of superconducting qubits. Qubit performance can be improved by shielding the system from external radiation: operating the system underground to reduce cosmic rays, and use of lead shielding to reduce ambient gammas. Here we present a design for a lead shield optimized for a dilution refrigerator operating in PNNL’s Shallow Underground Laboratory. The shield reduces the ambient gamma ﬂux by approximately 99.8%, so that cosmic ray muons dominate the ionizing radiation input to the qubits.
An explicit cloud physics parameterization for operational numerical weather prediction

Abstract In anticipation of computers that will be able to run weather forecasting models on very fine grids fast enough for real-time purposes, an algorithm for representing water phase change and precipitation processes was developed. The design criteria guiding this development are sufficiency (i.e., providing the required services), computational efficiency, and compatibility within four-dimensional data assimilation systems. The implication of the last criterion is that the model's moisture variables need to be consistent with observable or inferable cloud properties. The algorithm is compared with a well-documented research microphysics algorithm in terms of computing efficiency and agreement with observations. The weather forecasting model runs much faster using the new package instead of the research algorithm. The agreement between the new algorithm and the research algorithm is much better than the agreement between the observations and the results from either algorithm, which suggests that erro.
Predicting Valproate-Induced Liver Injury Using Metabolomic Analysis of Ex Ovo Chick Embryo Allantoic Fluid

The use of sensitive animals in toxicological studies tends to be limited. Even though cell culture is an attractive alternative, it has some limitations. Therefore, we investigated the potential of the metabolomic profiling of the allantoic fluid (AF) from ex ovo chick embryos to predict the hepatotoxicity of valproate (VPA). To this end, the metabolic changes occurring during embryo development and following exposure to VPA were assessed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. During embryonic development, our findings indicated a metabolism progressively moving from anaerobic to aerobic, mainly based on lipids as the energy source. Next, liver histopathology of VPA-exposed embryos revealed abundant microvesicles indicative of steatosis and was metabolically confirmed via the determination of lipid accumulation in AF. VPA-induced hepatotoxicity was further demonstrated by (i) lower glutamine levels, precursors of glutathione, and decreased β-hydroxybutyrate, an endogenous antioxidant; (ii) changes in lysine levels, a precursor of carnitine, which is essential in the transport of fatty acids to the mitochondria and whose synthesis is known to be reduced by VPA; and (iii) choline accumulation that promotes the export of hepatic triglycerides. In conclusion, our results support the use of the ex ovo chick embryo model combined with the metabolomic assessment of AF to rapidly predict drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Mathematical and statistical models in evolutionary game theory

Modeling of evolution is becoming increasingly important in biological and social systems. The idea of evolution presents a reasonable and convincible perspective to the problem of long term competition between different species or populations in nature. Evolutionary game theory has seen tremendous achievements and it exhibits good performance in modeling competition of species or populations. However, there remain many challenges, and the underlying scientific mechanism of competition is full of uncertainties. Bringing tools of math-biology and statistics to modeling the competitive phenomenons provides a way of throwing off the veil of nature to reveal itself to the world. In this thesis, we study the spatial effects on evolution in game models numerically and theoretically, optimality and stability of symmetric evolutionary game and its applications to genetic selection and social network, and parameter estimation in game theoretic modeling of the biological and social systems. More precisely, we categorize the types of nonlinear games and investigate the simulation study of spatial effects on the evolution of cooperation in a nonlinear yeast game. We also incorporate the spatial diffusion effects in the replicator dynamics of nonlinear game models, and prove the asymptotic behavior of the solution to the corresponding adapted replicator diffusion equation. Furthermore, we apply the statistical techniques and methodologies to solve the inverse problem in evolutionary game dynamics, that is, the NB mixture model and Markov random field model incorporating replicator equations are built where penalized approximated negative log-likelihood method with generalized smoothing approach and Besag pseudo-likelihood method are implemented to facilitate the estimation and inference of model parameters. Finally, the theory for obtaining optimal and stable strategies for symmetric evolutionary games is explored, and new proofs and computational methods are provided. And the symmetric evolutionary game is applied to model the evolution of a population over a social network, then several different types of equilibrium states corresponding to social cliques are analyzed and a set of conditions for their stabilities are proved.
Algorithms for the nonuniform acquisition and subsequent reconstruction of data

Algorithms are presented for the purposes of nonuniform sampling and reconstruction of data. The sampling procedure is based on the Adams-Bashforth-Moulton multistep predictor-corrector method for the solution of ordinary differential equations, with Newton backward differencing interpolation formulae facilitating sample rate changes. It is necessary to store 2n + 1 equispaced past values of t and the corresponding values of y, where y = g(t), and n is the order of the Adams methods. The technique is demonstrated using third order methods and the results compared with those obtained using second and fourth order forms. The data reconstruction algorithm for unevenly spaced data is based on a Lagrange cubic polynomial.
Quantum Light Source Based on Semiconductor Quantum Dots: A Review

Quantum light sources that generate single photons and entangled photons have important applications in the fields of secure quantum communication and linear optical quantum computing. Self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots, also known as “artificial atoms”, have discrete energy-level structures due to electronic confinement in all three spatial dimensions. It has the advantages of high stability, high brightness, deterministic, and tunable emission wavelength, and is easy to integrate into an optical microcavity with a high-quality factor, which can realize a high-performance quantum light source. In this paper, we first introduce the generation principles, properties, and applications of single-photon sources in the field of quantum information and then present implementations and development of quantum light sources in self-assembled semiconductor quantum dot materials. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the future development of semiconductor quantum dot quantum light sources.
Motifs de dimension finie

On sait que les groupes de Chow d'une variete projective ne sont pas de type fini, et ne peuvent meme etre parametres par une variete algebrique, en general. Pourtant, S. -I. Kimura et P. O'Sullivan ont conjecture (independamment l'un de l'autre) que les motifs de Chow, definis en termes de correspondances algebriques module l'equivalence rationnelle, sont de « dimension finie » au sens ou, tout comme les super-fibres vectoriels, ils sont somme d'un facteur dont une puissance exterieure est nulle et d'un facteur dont une puissance symetrique est nulle. Je presenterai la theorie de cette notion (purement categorique), puis ses applications en geometrie algebrique.
Automatic generation of macromodels and design equations for application to Op Amp design

Operational amplifier (Op Amp) is a special class of analog integrated circuits. Multiple‐stage Op Amp design is of particular interest recently. However, analysis of this class of circuits has to be done manually and requires advanced skills. Automatic analysis of this class of circuits is studied in this paper, which takes a novel approach by circuit recognition and symbolic generation. Circuit recognition is deterministic, implemented by deterministic circuit partitioning and functional block extraction methods. Symbolic analysis of extracted circuit blocks can subsequently be performed with greatly reduced complexity while generated models and equations bear more useful information for circuit design. Symbolic results so generated can be applied in design space exploration, including tasks like finding the limitation in circuit topology, conducting initial sizing, and determining performance tradeoffs. This paper proposes the key algorithms for realizing the recognition of a few well‐known functional blocks frequently used in CMOS Op Amp circuits and further explores the possibility of using the recognized circuit cells in combination with the gm/ID method for circuit sizing. Preliminary tests show that this approach is a potential candidate for locating the performance boundaries of multiple‐stage Op Amps.
Disturbance attenuation of a class of non‐linear systems via output feedback

This paper studies the problem of disturbance attenuation with internal stability via output feedback for a family of non‐linear systems. Using a feedback domination design which substantially differs from the separation principle, we explicitly construct a dynamic output compensator attenuating the disturbance's effect on the output to an arbitrary degree of accuracy in the L2‐gain sense, and achieving global asymptotic stability in the absence of disturbance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple gaps with large grain deficit in the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya

We report $\sim$3 au resolution imaging observations of the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya at 138 and 230 GHz with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. Our observations revealed two deep gaps ($\sim$25--50 %) at 22 and 37 au and shallower gaps (a few %) at 6, 28, and 44 au, as recently reported by Andrews et al. (2016). The central hole with a radius of $\sim3$ au was also marginally resolved. The most remarkable finding is that the power-law index of the dust opacity $\beta$, derived from the spectral index $\alpha$ between bands 4 and 6, peaks at the 22 au gap with $\beta\sim1.7$ and decreases toward the disk center to $\beta\sim0$. Our model fitting suggests that the overall disk structure can be reproduced with the inner hole and the gaps at 22 and 37 au. The most prominent gap at 22~au could be caused by the gravitational interaction between the disk and an unseen planet with a mass of $\lesssim$1.5 $M_\mathrm{Neptune}$ although other origins may be possible. The planet-induced gap is supported by the fact that $\beta$ is enhanced at the 22 au gap, indicating a deficit of $\sim$mm-sized grains within the gap due to dust filtration by a planet. Alternatively, the destruction of large dust aggregates due to the sintering of major volatiles might cause the multiple ring structure. We also find weak sinusoidal patterns with wavelengths of 5--10 au, which may be related to dynamical instabilities within the disk.
Stage–discharge relationship for a pipe overflow structure in both free and submerged flow

ABSTRACT Many facilities for urban drainage systems are equipped with a pipe overflow structure that can often be treated as a circular broad-crested weir. Thus it is possible to evaluate the overflow discharge through this device by measuring the water levels in the upstream tank and at the outlet of the pipe. In the present study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to determine a relationship between the discharge and the water levels upstream and downstream of the orifice for a range of diameters between 200 and 600 mm and a relative head up to 2. Over 50 numerical simulations are performed to take into account all the operating conditions of the system: free flow, submerged flow and pressurized flow. A regression is applied to the resulting data in order to obtain an orifice equation valid in both free-flow and submerged-flow regimes. Specific formulas, derived from Bernoulli's theorem, are also given for pressurized flows. The proposed methodology is applied to two examples.
Vanishing Property of BRST Cohomology for Modified Highest Weight Modules

We construct certain modified highest weight modules which are called quasi highest weight modules in this paper. Using the quasi highest weight modules, we introduce a new category of modules over an affine Lie superalgebra which contains projective covers. We also prove that both these projective covers and the quasi highest weight modules satisfy the vanishing property of BRST cohomology.
Plasma Metabolomics Predicts Chemotherapy Response in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease, and treatment leads to different outcomes for people with similar diagnoses. Identifying patients who may respond to chemotherapy and thereby benefit from improved survival has important implications for treatment protocols. In this study, plasma metabolite profiling was performed to identify potential biomarker candidates that can predict the response of patients to different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens for pancreatic cancer. The concentrations of several metabolites from LC–MS were significantly different when comparing the response to chemotherapy. Several metabolites demonstrated a predictive performance for the response to chemotherapy. These results show promise for larger studies that would validate the findings, which could contribute to the development of more personalized treatment protocols for pancreatic cancer patients. Abstract Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest cancers. Developing biomarkers for chemotherapeutic response prediction is crucial for improving the dismal prognosis of advanced-PC patients (pts). To evaluate the potential of plasma metabolites as predictors of the response to chemotherapy for PC patients, we analyzed plasma metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry from 31 cachectic, advanced-PC subjects enrolled into the PANCAX-1 (NCT02400398) prospective trial to receive a jejunal tube peptide-based diet for 12 weeks and who were planned for palliative chemotherapy. Overall, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of intermediates of multiple metabolic pathways in pts with a partial response (PR)/stable disease (SD) vs. progressive disease (PD) to chemotherapy. When stratified by the chemotherapy regimen, PD after 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy (e.g., FOLFIRINOX) was associated with decreased levels of amino acids (AAs). For gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (e.g., gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel), PD was associated with increased levels of intermediates of glycolysis, the TCA cycle, nucleoside synthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These results demonstrate the feasibility of plasma metabolomics in a prospective cohort of advanced-PC patients for assessing the effect of enteral feeding as their primary source of nutrition. Metabolic signatures unique to FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel may be predictive of a patient’s response and warrant further study.
Cryptosystems with discretized chaotic maps

Many kinds of chaotic cryptosystems have been proposed. Chaotic systems dissipate information due to orbital instability with positive Lyapunov exponents and ergodicity. If these properties are appropriately utilized, chaotic cryptosystems are supposed to realize high security. However, most of the existing secure communication techniques using chaos do not have enough security. For example, secure communication protocols based on chaos synchronization require robustness which gives useful information to attackers. The cryptosystems based on direct applications of chaotic maps have been weak against linear and differential cryptoanalysis. In this paper, a new kind of chaotic cryptosystem which overcomes these difficulties to some extent is proposed. The cryptosystem is based on a discretization of the skew tent map. We also show some of the desirable properties of the proposed cryptosystem using dynamical characteristics. These properties regarding ciphertext randomness may be closely related to the cryptological security. Our new cryptosystem uses one step to connect the theory of commonly used cryptosystems and dynamical system theory.