Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Material selection for Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random Access Memories: a High-Throughput approach

A Spin-Transfer-Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) is a complex multilayered structure, whose sensitive element is formed by two ferromagnetic layers sandwiching an insulator, acting as a tunnel barrier. The operational principles of the memory rely on two physical effects: the tunnel magneto-resistance (the total resistance of the device depends on the relative orientation of the magnetization vectors of the two magnetic layers) and the spin-transfer-torque effect (the possibility of inducing magnetization reversal by means of a polarized electric current). The STT-MRAM technology shows promising features for the creation of a new class of memories that combines non-volatility with access speed close to that of a Dynamic Random Access Memory. At present, the Fe-Co/MgO materials set gives the best performance, but it is not clear whether further improvement will be possible. Fundamental research is needed to lead the design of new efficient junctions. Even though interfaces play a relevant role in this technology, some peculiar material-related features of the various components are essential for the device operation. Looking for these properties would lead to a selection of suitable ferromagnets and insulators to be combined for efficient STT-MRAM structures. This PhD thesis presents a detailed description of the STT-MRAM technology and a strategy for the selection of promising materials is proposed. The main aim is the creation of a database containing material properties of interest for the technology, calculated within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) framework. In order to extend the study to a large set of compounds, the calculations are performed in an high-throughput fashion. An a-posteriori analysis of the information in the database drives the identification of promising candidates for STT-MRAMs. The high-throughput approach is a fairly new methodology in computational material science. In this work, alongside with the scientific investigation, much attention is devoted to the presentation of challenges, benefits and strategies related to the task of performing DFT high-throughput simulations. The main results of the thesis are the identifications of Mn1Ni1 as a good candidate for the role of ferromagnet in an STTMRAM and the formalization of a theory (and relative implementation) for the calculation of the Complex Band Structure of an insulator that is suitable for the high-throughput methodology. This latter material property is of extreme importance in the STT-MRAM technology, but finds applications also in other situations where the description of quantum tunneling is required.
THE MULTIPLE CHANNELS OF THE YOUNG CHILD’S COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR

Until very recently research on language development was conducted almost solely from the linguistic point of view. Scientists in the tradition of Brown and associates (1964, 1969) investigated what forms of verbal behavior could be detected in children, and they attempted to draw inferences from these verbal behaviors upon the underlying cognitive structures or the linguistic competence of the child. Most of the work of the sixties followed this trend as can be easily seen from the research summaries of McNeill (1970)orofMenyuk(1971). This predominantly linguistic approach led of necessity to a neglect of the nonverbal means of communication which are used so broadly, and during the first year of life even exclusively, by children. As a consequence of this neglect, verbal communication appeared to arise completely independent ofany structural antecedents and many of the phenomena of this development seemed unexplainable. Chomsky and Miller (1963), disregarding the possible importance of the first 18 months for language development, concluded for example that speech development proceeded with a high level of speed, and that it stood in sharp contrast to the slow progress of other cognitive functions. Furthermore, the universal appearance of basic linguistic structures in child language as well as the creative use of language by children could not easily be explained on the basis of linguistic data alone. Innate language-specific structures were, consequently, postulated by some scientists (Chomsky, 1966; McNeill, 1970) in an attempt to reconcile their data with their procedural shortcomings. In contrast to this one-sided approach the multiplicity of the child's communication and the structural continuity between various channels was already stressed half a century ago. De Laguna (1927) discussed quite in detail how contextual information combined with gestures or the child's intent regard of an object revealed the semantic structure of the intended message and allowed adults to understand even one-word sentences. Similar facts were described by Leopold in his four volume work on language development (1939-1949), while Werner & Kaplan (1963) analyzed the change in and the interaction of communication channels from the orthogenetic point of view. Additional evidence of how young children integrate these channels
Differences in Stress and Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Families With and Without Children With Developmental Disorders or Chronic Conditions

Objectives: To compare COVID-19-induced stress and coping in families with and without children diagnosed with developmental disorders or chronic conditions. Methods: In this mixed-method design study, an online survey collected information on parental stress levels before and during COVID-19, sources of stress, and coping strategies using open-ended questions. Qualitative answers were categorized thematically. Multiple linear regression models were built for the association between changes in stress levels (during-before COVID-19) and sources of stress for parents of children of both groups. Results: Answers of 1,827 parents were analyzed; of these, 186 (9.75%) had children with diagnosed problems. Changes in stress levels during vs. before COVID-19 were associated with the age of the parent, changes in working conditions, a total number of stressors, and distance learning of children. Stronger associations were found for parents of children with diagnoses. For example, for distance learning, the standardized beta (β) was 0.68 (95% confidence interval 0.37; 1.00) for parents of children without problems and β = 0.73 (0.43; 1.03) for those with problematic children. Conclusions: Parents of children with developmental disorders need specific attention in a pandemic.
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV

Purpose of review The purpose of this review is to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, putative immune mechanisms and management of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) using data published in the last 2 years. Recent findings Ever more conditions are reported as IRIS events. These most frequently occur with mycobacterial (tuberculosis or Mycobacterium avium complex infection) or cryptococcal disease (each in approximately 30% of cases). Definitions have been proposed for its clinical diagnosis. These suffer from a lack of prospective studies to support their predictive value. The immunopathogenesis of IRIS appears to be related to the interaction between HAART-induced changes in host immune response and the presence of (usually microbial) antigen. Increasing evidence exists that this might be an anatomically compartmentalized phenomenon, such that immune responses may be localized to specific tissue sites such as the brain. This has implications for the use of simple blood tests, such as CD4 count or change in viral load, when assessing risk of IRIS. Treatment options include immune modulation, though supportive care is typically all that is required, unless symptoms are prolonged, significant or life-threatening. Summary IRIS is common and will become more so as HAART is rolled out worldwide. Clear clinical definitions are required to avoid its over-diagnosis due to misclassification of other conditions.
Constructing Turing complete Euler flows in dimension 3

Significance What kind of physics might be noncomputational? In this article, we address the appearance of undecidable phenomena in fluid dynamics, proving the existence of Turing complete fluid flows on a three-dimensional geometric domain. Our strategy fuses the computational power of symbolic dynamics with geometric techniques from contact topology and its connection with hydrodynamics unveiled by Sullivan, Etnyre, and Ghrist more than two decades ago. The type of flows that we consider are stationary solutions to the incompressible Euler equations. Taking these steady flows as initial data, we obtain global solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations that can simulate just a (fixed) finite number of steps of any Turing machine. This raises the challenging question of the Turing-completeness of Navier–Stokes. Can every physical system simulate any Turing machine? This is a classical problem that is intimately connected with the undecidability of certain physical phenomena. Concerning fluid flows, Moore [C. Moore, Nonlinearity 4, 199 (1991)] asked if hydrodynamics is capable of performing computations. More recently, Tao launched a program based on the Turing completeness of the Euler equations to address the blow-up problem in the Navier–Stokes equations. In this direction, the undecidability of some physical systems has been studied in recent years, from the quantum gap problem to quantum-field theories. To the best of our knowledge, the existence of undecidable particle paths of three-dimensional fluid flows has remained an elusive open problem since Moore’s works in the early 1990s. In this article, we construct a Turing complete stationary Euler flow on a Riemannian S3 and speculate on its implications concerning Tao’s approach to the blow-up problem in the Navier–Stokes equations.
Achieving per-flow Queueing Performance without a per-flow Queue

Abstract Recent studies have shown that suitably-designed packet discard policies can dramaticallyimprove the performance of fair queueing mechanisms in internet routers. The Queue StateDeﬁcit Round Robin algorithm (QSDRR) preferentially discards from long queues, but in-troduces hysteresis into the discard policy to minimize synchronization among TCP ﬂows. QSDRR provides higher throughput and much better fairness than simpler queueing mech-anisms, such as Tail-Drop, RED and Blue. However, since QSDRR needs to maintain aseparate queue for each active ﬂow, there is a legitimate concern that it may be too costlyfor the highest speed links. In previous studies, we have shown that QSDRR can deliveralmost the same performance with one-tenth the number queues as ﬂows, if the ﬂows areevenly distributed across the queues. In this paper, we develop and evaluate a ﬂow dis-tribution algorithm using a Bloom ﬁlter architecture with dynamic rebalancing. We showthat our algorithm signiﬁcantly reduces the memory requirement compared to maintainingper-ﬂow state and can achieve near optimal ﬂow distribution. Thus, using this algorithmin conjunction with QSDRR, we can achieve the performance of per-ﬂow queueing at asigniﬁcantly reduced cost.
Soybean Seed Phenol, Lignin, and Isoflavones and Sugars Composition Altered by Foliar Boron Application in Soybean under Water Stress

Previous research showed that foliar boron (B) application at flowering or seed-fill growth stages altered seed protein, oil, and fatty acids. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of foliar B fertilizer on seed phenolics (phenol, lignin, and isoflavones) and sugars concentrations. A repeated greenhouse experiment was conducted on soybean [(Glycine max(L.) Merr. )] under watered and water-stressed conditions. Soybean plants were divided into different sets, and each set was subjected to one of the following treatments: W = plants were watered with no foliar B; WB = plants were watered and received foliar B; WS = plants were water-stressed with no foliar B; WSB = plants were waterstressed and received foliar B. Foliar B was applied at rate of 0.45 kg/ha twice at flowering and twice at seed-fill stages. The results showed that total phenol and lignin concentrations were higher in seed collected from water-stressed plants compared with those collected from watered plants whether B was applied or not. The higher total phenol and lignin concentration in seed collected of water-stressed plants may be due to B-deficiency in plant tissues. Application of B resulted in higher concentrations of total seed B and isoflavones under watered and water-stressed plants. Higher cell wall B was higher in water-stressed plants than in watered plants, having an opposite trend to total B. Application of B resulted in higher seed sucrose in watered and water-stressed plants, but raffinose and stachyose were significantly higher under water-stressed plants. The research demonstrated that foliar B fertilizer altered seed phenol, lignin, isoflavones, and sugars, suggesting that B involved in phenolics and sugar metabolism. The higher cell wall B in waterstressed plants than in watered plants supports previous research that B has mainly a structural role. The higher sucrose resulting from foliar B in watered plants is desirable as sucrose contributes to seed quality. The increase of raffinose and stachyose concentrations in seed of water-stressed plants is undesirable as raffinose, and especially stachyose may be involved in water stress/drought tolerance. The current knowledge would help soybean breeders select for higher phenolic compounds and desirable sugars for higher seed qualities under drought conditions.
Effects of oral orbifloxacin on fecal coliforms in healthy cats: a pilot study

The study objective was to determine the effect of oral orbifloxacin (ORB) on antimicrobial susceptibility and composition of fecal coliforms in cats. Nine cats were randomized to two groups administered a daily oral dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg ORB/kg for 7 days and a control group (three cats per group). Coliforms were isolated from stool samples and were tested for susceptibilities to ORB and 5 other drugs. ORB concentration in feces was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The coliforms were undetectable after 2 days of ORB administration, and their number increased in most cats after termination of the administration. Furthermore, only isolates of Escherichia coli were detected in all cats before administration, and those of Citrobacter freundii were detected after termination of the administration. E. coli isolates exhibited high ORB susceptibility [Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), ≤0.125 µg/ml] or relatively low susceptibility (MIC, 1−2 µg/ml) with a single gyrA mutation. C. freundii isolates largely exhibited intermediate ORB susceptibility (MIC, 4 µg/ml), in addition to resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin, and harbored qnrB, but not a gyrA mutation. HPLC revealed that the peaks of mean concentration were 61.3 and 141.0 µg/g in groups receiving 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. Our findings suggest that oral ORB may alter the total counts and composition of fecal coliform, but is unlikely to yield highly fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of E. coli and C. freundii in cats, possibly because of the high drug concentration in feces.
Pratiques alimentaires et productivité des femelles laitières en zone périurbaine de Dakar

Feeding practices, and reproduction and milk production performances were studied in a dairy farm in the suburban area of Dakar. A survey on feeding practices was carried out in September- October 2004. The analysis of recorded data enabled to calculate the average milk production per cow between November 2003 and October 2004, and reproduction parameters between 1991 and 2004. The fodder area (30 ha) and the number of cows (84) were markedly higher than those of the majority of suburban Dakar dairy farms. Nevertheless, the animal feed depended still heavily on the supplies of rice straw and concentrates. The difficulties to acquire these inputs led to many changes in the feeding diets. Moreover, as there was a mixture of several and very different cattle genotypes within the same feeding groups, the daily requirements in basic nutritive elements were seldom met for high producing cows. These bad management conditions resulted in poor average milk production (1972 kg/cow/year), a late age at first calving for heifers born in Senegal (37 months) and long calving intervals (17 months). The analysis of the factors affecting the reproduction results showed that the calving interval was highly related to the genetic type and to interannual climatic variations. These observations show the importance of environmental factors (climate, feeding management) on cows’ performances and the need to strictly adapt feeding practices to the genetic type.
Fitomassa, teor e acúmulo de micronutrientes do milheto, feijão-de-porco e guandu-anão, em cultivo solteiro e consorciado - DOI: 10.4025/actasciagron.v30i4.5314

Intercropping leguminous with gramineous crops for straw production in no-tillage systems aims to conciliate soil protection (through greater durability of gramineous crops) with nitrogen fixation and faster micronutrient availability (through leguminous decomposition). Therefore, an experiment was conducted with the intention of evaluating phytomass production as well as micronutrient levels and accumulation in millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC. ), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan, dwarf cultivar), as sole crops and intercropping gramineous with leguminous crops, for straw production in a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field at the Agriculture Department of the Federal University of Lavras (Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil). The experimental was conducted using a randomized block design, with seven treatments for species nutrient levels under different conditions (sole crops or intercropping) and five treatments for phytomass production and micronutrient accumulation, with four replications. For phytomass production, only the pigeon pea sole crop displayed lower yield of fresh and dry phytomass, while the others produced on average 12.361 and 2.854 t ha-1 of fresh and dry phytomass yield, respectively. There were significant differences in B, Cu and Zn levels, and in accumulation of all evaluated micronutrients. The leguminous species presented the greatest B levels, with the greatest Cu and Zn levels found in millet. In general, millet plus jack bean intercropping presented the greatest micronutrient accumulation.
Thoracic Traction Can Be Achieved Using “Combined Lumbar Traction with Cervical Traction” Method - as One Intervention

Background: Scientific literature is completely devoid of full and clear morphological description of changes in Thoracic Vertebrae (TV) under the effect of full Thoracic Traction (TT), because of the absence of any direct method that can achieve full TT as it exists in Lumbar vertebrae (LV) and Cervical vertebrae (CV). Therefore, it is necessary to create a method that can achieve full TT in order to obtain a clear scientific morphological description of changes in Intervertebral Spaces (IS) at TV: anterior, posterior and central heights, and also anterior/ posterior ratio (A/p) ratio. Objective: to identify the immediate morphological effect of "Combined Lumbar Traction with Cervical Traction" method -as one intervention (CLTCT) on anterior thoracic IS among thirteen thoracic neurological levels: C7-T1, T1-T2, T2-T3, T3-T4, T4-T5, T5-T6, T6-T7, T7-T8, T8-T9, T9-T10, T10-T11, T11-T12, T12-L1,using X-ray images.Methodology:Ten healthy male volunteers randomly were chosen (mean age=23 ±2.63) had lied down on the X-ray machine board from supine position, legs and hands were extended; then after two minutes relaxing; the first anterior view recording was done- as pre measurement, then they conducted CLTCT Method: [Mechanical Sustained Cervical Traction (MSCT) via the medical nonmetallic portable cervical traction devise (Ospine–NTD-500) from Supine position, then immediately a Positional Sustained Lumbar Traction (PSLT) Hip Flexion (HF)] was applied, then the hip was manually extra pulled and rotated as Manual Lumbar Over Traction (MLOT), after holding this position for ten continues minutes; the second anterior view record was done as post measurement. Pre and post measurements were compared and analyzed using the SPSS system. Results indicated that there were statistically significant differences between the pre and post measurements in favor of the post measurements in terms of all the anterior thoracic IS. Conclusion: CLTCT method can significantly achieve full TT, and achieves Whole Spinal Decompression Therapy (WSDT). Recommendations: to publish CLTCT method for performing thoracic traction, and to conduct further similar researches to detect, describe and measure other potential morphological changes in thoracic IS using other available radiologic diagnostic equipment to obtain full description of IS using MRI or CT-scanning machine. Keywords: Combined Lumbar Traction with Cervical Traction Method, Thoracic Traction, Intervertebral Spaces.
Designing and Implementing Process Management in RaD; A Practical Application in the Flooring Industry

Due to increasing global competition and narrowing customer requirements companies are moving towards quality focused improvements. It is becoming equally important how you perform as what you perform. Companies are thriving to identify, measure and control their processes in order to as efficiently as possible satisfy their customers regarding quality, price and delivery time. The process orientation is changing the way companies develop routines, tools and communications systems. Management roles and responsibilities are changing and in order to manage future success companies focus on process management to assure quality. Corporate quality assurance systems and international standardization organizations are creating a system for managing quality assurance with high level strategies and metrics. The difficulty for companies is to implement quality assurance and systems to really fit their business and specific operational routines. Concepts like Toyota Way, BPR, and TQM are originating from production units. Implementing them within the intangible, value adding and complex activities in R&D requires a systematic and holistic approach to identify and visualize the flow of information rather than material. Input to the R&D process is information on needs, requirements or possibilities and output is new and improved products through a wide range of exploring and developing phases consisting of both artistic and technical challenges. In order to standardize the development process and at the same time maintain creativity front-loading proactive process management may accomplish issues and planning for potential modifications. The result of the thesis project is an interactive cross-functional computer based process management system. In order to implement the scientifically approved process tools into specific processes a strong learning culture among the whole company is required. In order to stimulate the use and training of quality tools and systems the authors have discovered that visualization and interaction is a core success factor. Corporate management needs to interact with employees in order to translate tacit knowledge into corporate best practice. The developed collaborative platform is a tool to enhance communication, enforce quality methods and improve knowledge management to assure the final delivery of total quality to customers.