Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J The 2-loop matter power spectrum and the IR-safe integrand

Large scale structure surveys are likely the next leading probe of cosmological information. It is therefore crucial to reliably predict their observables. The Eﬀective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures (EFTofLSS) provides a manifestly convergent perturbation theory for the weakly non-linear regime, where dark matter correlation functions are computed in an expansion of the wavenumber k over the wavenumber associated to the non-linear scale k NL . To push the predictions to higher wavenumbers, it is necessary to compute the 2-loop matter power spectrum. For equal-time correlators, exactly as with standard pertur-turbation theory, there are IR divergences present in each diagram that cancel completely in the ﬁnal result. We develop a method by which all 2-loop diagrams are computed as one integral, with an integrand that is manifestly free of any IR divergences. This allows us to compute the 2-loop power spectra in a reliable way that is much less numerically challenging than standard techniques. We apply our method to scaling universes where the linear power spectrum is a single power law of k , and where IR divergences can particularly easily interfere with accurate evaluation of loop corrections if not handled carefully. We show that our results are independent of IR cutoﬀ and, after renormalization, of the UV cutoﬀ, and comment how the method presented here naturally generalizes to higher loops.
Importance of both spin and orbital fluctuations in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 : Evidence from superconducting gap anisotropy

In the iron pnictide superconductors, two distinct unconventional mechanisms of superconductivity have been put forth: One is mediated by spin fluctuations leading to the s+- state with sign change of superconducting gap between the hole and electron bands, and the other is orbital fluctuations which favor the s++ state without sign reversal. Here we report direct observation of peculiar momentum-dependent anisotropy in the superconducting gap from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 (Tc=30 K). The large anisotropy found only in the electron Fermi surface (FS) and the nearly isotropic gap on the entire hole FSs are together consistent with modified s+- gap with nodal loops, which can be theoretically reproduced by considering both spin and orbital fluctuations whose competition generates the gap modulation. This indicates that these two fluctuations are nearly equally important to the high-Tc superconductivity in this system.
Anomalous Hall Effect in Variable Range Hopping Regime: Unusual Scaling Law and Sign Reversal with Temperature

Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is important for understanding the topological properties of electronic states, and provides insight into the spin-polarized carriers of magnetic materials. AHE has been extensively studied in metallic, but not variable-range-hopping (VRH), regime. Here we report the experiments of both anomalous and ordinary Hall effect (OHE) in Mott and Efros VRH regimes. We found unusual scaling law of the AHE coefficient $Rah=aRxx^b$ with b>2, contrasting the OHE coefficient $Roh=cRxx^d$ with d<1. More strikingly, the sign of AHE coefficient changes with temperature with specific electron densities.
What Is the Role of FoMO in Individual Investment Behavior? The Relationship among FoMO, Involvement, Engagement, and Satisfaction

Abstract Little research has investigated the relationship between FoMO (fear of missing out) and financial behavior and underlying this association remains largely unknown. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between envy and FoMO, investment involvement, investment engagement, and satisfaction. Proposed conceptual model was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) among 1,741 individual investors. Research data were collected by convenience sampling method from individuals who are over 18 years of age and reported financial saving or individual investment. The inclusion criteria for participation included individuals over 18 years of age who reported financial saving or individual investment. Participants completed an online survey containing measurements regarding envy, FoMO, investment involvement, investment engagement, and satisfaction. The results indicated that there are significant and positive relationship between all of the constructs. This study highlights the underlying mechanism between FoMO and individual investment behavior, which has important theoretical and practical implications for understanding decision-making and behavior in the financial area.
Strongly interacting phases of metallic wires in strong magnetic field

We investigate theoretically an interacting metallic wire with a strong magnetic field directed along its length and show that it is a new and highly tunable one-dimensional system. By considering a suitable change in spatial geometry, we map the problem in the zeroth Landau level with Landau level degeneracy $N$ to one-dimensional fermions with an $N$-component pseudospin degree of freedom and $SU(2)$-symmetric interactions. This mapping allows us to establish the phase diagram as a function of the interactions for small $N$ (and make conjectures for large $N$) using renormalization group and bosonization techniques. We find pseudospin-charge separation with a gapless $U(1)$ charge sector and several possible strong-coupling phases in the pseudospin sector. For odd $N$, we find a fluctuating pseudospin-singlet charge density wave phase and a fluctuating pseudospin-singlet superconducting phase which are topologically distinct. For even $N>2$, similar phases exist, although they are not topologically distinct, and an additional, novel pseudospin-gapless phase appears. We discuss experimental conditions for observing our proposals.
DISCOVERY OF MIRA VARIABLE STARS IN THE METAL-POOR SEXTANS DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY

We report the discovery of two Mira variable stars (Miras) toward the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy (dSph). We performed optical long-term monitoring observations for two red stars in the Sextans dSph. The light curves of both stars in the Ic band show large-amplitude (3.7 and 0.9 mag) and long-period (326 ± 15 and 122 ± 5 days) variations, suggesting that they are Miras. We combine our own infrared data with previously published data to estimate the mean infrared magnitudes. The distances obtained from the period–luminosity relation of the Miras (75.3+12.8 − 10.9 and 79.8+11.5 − 9.9 kpc, respectively), together with the radial velocities available, support memberships of the Sextans dSph (90.0 ± 10.0 kpc). These are the first Miras found in a stellar system with a metallicity as low as [Fe/H] ∼ -1.9 than any other known system with Miras.
SIZING UP Lyα AND LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES

We measure the sizes for a sample of 174 Lyα-selected galaxies with broadband imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope. Over the redshift range 2.25 < z < 6, Lyα-selected galaxies have a characteristic, constant, small size in rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) light. Coupled with a characteristic star formation intensity (i.e., UV luminosity per unit area), this can explain their non-evolving ultraviolet continuum luminosity function. This is in contrast to Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) over the same redshift range, which have been previously shown to increase in linear size as H(z)−1. The compact physical size seems to be a critical determining factor in whether a galaxy will show Lyα emission or not. The L* of LBGs and its evolution with redshift can be derived from a simple model where the star formation intensity has an upper limit set by feedback processes, independent of redshift. The increase in L* of LBGs is mainly driven by the increase in linear size over redshifts for z = 2–7. Since Lyα galaxies do not grow in linear size, they do not show an increase in L*.
Testing unimodular gravity

We consider models of gravitation that are based on unimodular general coordinate transformations (GCT). These transformations include only those which do not change the determinant of the metric. We treat the determinant as a separate field which transforms as a scalar under unimodular GCT. We consider a class of such theories. In general, these theories do not transform covariantly under the full GCT. We characterize the violation of general coordinate invariance by introducing a new parameter. We show that the theory is consistent with observations for a wide range of this parameter. This parameter may serve as a test for possible violations of general coordinate invariance. We also consider the cosmic evolution within the framework of these models. We show that in general we do not obtain consistent cosmological solutions if we assume the standard cosmological constant or the standard form of non-relativistic matter. We propose a suitable generalization which is consistent with cosmology. We fit the resulting model to the high redshift supernova data. We find that we can obtain a good fit to this data even if include only a single component, either cosmological constant or non-relativistic matter.
Benign Breast Disease in Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction The most frequent reason for visiting breast clinics is benign breast disease (BBD), which accounts for 90% of all breast-related presentations globally. It is widespread among women of childbearing age, peaking between the ages of 30 and 50. However, owing to the lack of studies on BBD compared with breast cancer in Saudi Arabia, this study aimed to assess the common patterns of BBD and factors associated with the frequency of fibroadenoma (FA) occurrence. Methodology A retrospective analytical study was carried out at Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, from May to August 2022. The sample was all patients who attended the breast and endocrine unit from January 2015 to December 2020. Results This study included 222 of 367 patients who had BBD. Of them, 42.3% were aged 31-45 years, with a mean age of 36.71 ± 12.48 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.45 ± 6.69 kg/m2, and the mean tumor size was 4.22 ± 4.9 mm. Conclusion Fibroadenoma among BBD types is the most common lesion in the studied population. This study established the baseline pattern of BBD in a specialized hospital in Makkah.
Significance of Cardiometabolic Index in Predicting Acute Exacerbation of Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease for Clinical Nursing

Objective To evaluate the level of cardiometabolic index (CMI) to predict the risk of acute exacerbation in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide a basis for early identification and intervention of high-risk patients in clinical nursing work. Methods Patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who were admitted to the outpatient department of respiratory medicine in a tertiary hospital or followed up after discharge from January to December 2021 were retrospectively selected. CMI was measured and statistical analysis was performed to determine the optimal threshold for predicting acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results A total of 63 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled. The median number of episodes in the previous year was 1.00; 44 patients had ≥1 acute exacerbation. The CMI was positively correlated with the frequency of acute exacerbations and the British Medical Research Council (mMRC) score in the previous year, and negatively correlated with the percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to the predicted value (FEV1% PRED). The cut-off point of CMI for predicting acute exacerbations in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients was 2.05, with a sensitivity of 0.864% and specificity of 0.842%. It is a risk factor for acute exacerbation in COPD patients. Conclusion CMI can be used as a biological index to predict acute exacerbation in stable COPD patients. Clinical nursing needs to evaluate patients' CMI and provide personalized nursing intervention for patients with CMI≥2.05.
Efficient Image Reconstruction and Practical Decomposition for Dual-energy Computed Tomography

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has shown great potential and promising applications in advanced imaging fields for its capabilities of material decomposition. However, image reconstructions and decompositions under sparse views dataset suffers severely from multi factors, such as insufficiencies of data, appearances of noise, and inconsistencies of observations. Under sparse views, conventional filtered back-projection type reconstruction methods fails to provide CT images with satisfying quality. Moreover, direct image decomposition is unstable and meet with noise boost even with full views dataset. This paper proposes an iterative image reconstruction algorithm and a practical image domain decomposition method for DECT. On one hand, the reconstruction algorithm is formulated as an optimization problem, which containing total variation regularization term and data fidelity term. The alternating direction method is utilized to design the corresponding algorithm which shows faster convergence speed compared with the existing ones. On the other hand, the image domain decomposition applies the penalized least square (PLS) estimation on decomposing the material mappings. The PLS includes linear combination term and the regularization term which enforces the smoothness on estimation images. The authors implement and evaluate the proposed joint method on real DECT projections and compare the method with typical and state-of-the-art reconstruction and decomposition methods. The experiments on dataset of an anthropomorphic head phantom show that our methods have advantages on noise suppression and edge reservation, without blurring the fine structures in the sinus area in the phantom. Compared to the existing approaches, our method achieves a superior performance on DECT imaging with respect to reconstruction accuracy and decomposition quality.
MAGIC detection of VHE Gamma-ray emission from NGC 1275 and IC 310

The MAGIC Cherenkov telescopes observed the Perseus cluste r sky region in stereo mode for nearly 90 hr from October 2009 to February 2011. This campaign led to the d iscovery of very high energy γ-ray emission from the central radio galaxy NGC 1275 and the head-tail radio galaxy IC 310. Here we report the results on the most recent discovery of NGC 1275 which was detected at low energies in th e 2010/2011 data. We also present latest results on IC 310, which had been detected in the 2009/2010 data.
Peculiar radio structures in the central regions of galaxy cluster Abell 585

In this paper we analyze the peculiar radio structure observed across the central region of the galaxy cluster Abell 585 (z=0.12). In the low-resolution radio maps, this structure appears uniform and diffuse on angular scales of ~3 arcmin, and is seemingly related to the distant (z=2.5) radio quasar B3 0727+409 rather than to the cluster itself. However, after a careful investigation of the unpublished archival radio data with better angular resolution, we resolve the structure into two distinct arcmin-scale features, which resemble typical lobes of cluster radio galaxies with no obvious connection to the background quasar. We support this conclusion by examining the spectral and polarization properties of the features, demonstrating in addition that the analyzed structure can hardly be associated with any sort of a radio mini-halo or relics of the cluster. Yet at the same time we are not able to identify host galaxies of the radio lobes in the available optical and infrared surveys. We consider some speculative explanations for our findings, including gravitational wave recoil kicks of SMBHs responsible for the lobes' formation in the process of merging massive ellipticals within the central parts of a rich cluster environment, but we do not reach any robust conclusions regarding the origin of the detected radio features.
Generalization of exactly-solvable model to exhibit solid-fluid phase transition in crystal structures with two particles in a primitive cell

In our previous paper (Komatsu 2015 J. Stat. Mech. P08020), we investigated an interacting-particle model with infinite-range cosine potentials, and derived the partition function which shows solid-fluid phase transition by exact calculation. However, we could treat only simple lattice structures in which more than one stable point exists in a primitive cell such as the triangular or face-centered cubic lattice. In the present paper, we generalize our previous scheme to more complicated lattice structures with two particles in a primitive cell. Generalization to more complicated lattice structures is straightforward.
Mantle formation, coagulation, and the origin of cloud/core shine - I. Modelling dust scattering and absorption in the infrared

Context. The observed cloudshine and coreshine (C-shine) have been explained in terms of grain growth leading to enhanced scatter- ing from clouds in the J, H and K photometric bands and the Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 {\mu}m bands. Aims. Using our global dust modelling approach THEMIS (The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model at the IaS) we explore the effects of dust evolution in dense clouds, through aliphatic-rich carbonaceous mantle formation and grain-grain coagulation. Methods. We model the effects of wide band gap a-C:H mantle formation and the low-level aggregation of diffuse interstellar medium dust in the moderately-extinguished outer regions of molecular clouds. Results. The formation of wide band gap a-C:H mantles on amorphous silicate and amorphous carbon (a-C) grains leads to a decrease in their absorption cross-sections but no change in their scattering cross-sections at near-IR wavelengths, resulting in higher albedos. Conclusions. The evolution of dust, with increasing density and extinction in the diffuse to dense molecular cloud transition, through mantle formation and grain aggregation, appears to be a likely explanation for the observed C-shine.
LOW-METALLICITY STAR FORMATION: PRESTELLAR COLLAPSE AND PROTOSTELLAR ACCRETION IN THE SPHERICAL SYMMETRY

The collapse of dense cores with metallicities 0–1 Z☉ is studied by hydrodynamical calculations coupled with detailed chemical and radiative processes. For this purpose, we construct a simple chemical network with non-equilibrium reactions among 15 chemical species, H+, e, H, H2, D+, D, HD, C+, C, CO, CO2, O, OH, H2O, and O2, which reproduces the abundance of important molecular coolants given by a more detailed network very well. Starting from the initial density of 104 cm-3, the evolution is followed until the formation of a hydrostatic protostar at the center ∼1021 cm-3. In a lower-metallicity gas cloud, the temperature during the collapse remains high owing to less efficient cooling. After the cloud core becomes optically thick to the thermal emission by dust, temperature evolution at the center converges to a single trajectory, except for cases with metallicity ⩽10−6 Z☉, where the temperature remains slightly higher than in higher-metallicity cases even after becoming optically thick to thermal radiation by the H2 collision-induced emission. The protostellar masses at their formation are a few 10−3 M☉, being slightly higher for cases with ⩽10−6 Z☉. Using the temperature evolution at the center as a function the density, we discuss the possibility of fragmentation during the dust-cooling phase. The critical metallicity for the fragmentation is 10−5 Z☉ assuming moderate elongation of the cloud cores at the onset of this phase. From the density and velocity distributions at the time of protostar formation, we evaluate the mass accretion rate in the subsequent accretion phase. The accretion rate is larger than the Shu accretion rate for the inside-out collapse from an initially static cloud ≃c3s/G, where cs is the sound speed in the prestellar gas, by about a factor of 10 owing to more dynamical nature of the collapse. Using these accretion rates, we also calculate the evolution of the protostars under the assumption of stationary accretion flow. For ⩾10−4 Z☉, we succeed in following their evolution well after the arrival to the main-sequence phase. For lower-metallicity cases, however, owing to too high accretion rates ≳ a few 10−3 M☉ yr−1, the total luminosity, which consists of contribution from accretion and internal luminosity, reaches the Eddington limit, thereby rendering the stationary accretion impossible for ≳100 M☉. Finally, we discuss the possible suppression of fragmentation by heating of the ambient gas by protostellar radiation, which is considered important in the contemporary star formation. We argue that it is negligible for <10−2 Z☉.
Integrability, Einstein spaces and holographic fluids

Using holographic-fluid techniques, we discuss some aspects of the integrability properties of Einstein's equations in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes. We review and we amend the results of 1506.04813 on how exact four-dimensional Einstein spacetimes, which are algebraically special with respect to Petrov's classification, can be reconstructed from boundary data: this is possible if the boundary metric supports a traceless, symmetric and conserved complex rank-two tensor, which is related to the boundary Cotton and energy-momentum tensors, and if the hydrodynamic congruence is shearless. We illustrate the method when the hydrodynamic congruence has vorticity and the boundary metric has two commuting isometries. This leads to the complete Plebanski-Demianski family. The structure of the boundary consistency conditions depict a U(1) invariance for the boundary data, which is reminiscent of a Geroch-like solution-generating pattern for the bulk.
Study on Nonuniform Thermal Aging State of XLPE Based on Dissado–Hill Model

Under actual working conditions, the cable is subjected to electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses, and its aging is nonuniform along the radial direction. To fully dig out the rich information hidden in the frequency-domain spectroscopy (FDS) to evaluate the nonuniform thermal aging state of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), based on the Dissado–Hill (D–H) model, the relationship between the D–H model parameters and the thermal aging state of XLPE nonuniform aging samples was analyzed, and an evaluation method was proposed. Findings proved that with continuous thermal aging, the carrier density in nonuniform samples increases, the force between microparticles in clusters decreases, the charge carrier migration between clusters becomes smooth, and the intercluster motion is strengthened. The parameter $\omega _{c}$ has a strong correlation with the elongation at break rate (EB%) of the most severely aged part of the nonuniform sample, and it is a potential tool to mine the hot spot information of XLPE. Finally, XLPE samples with different aging temperatures are used to verify the proposed evaluation method, and the error is 2.89%, which shows its effectiveness.
Velocity-gradient probability distribution functions in a lagrangian model of turbulence

The Recent Fluid Deformation Closure (RFDC) model of lagrangian turbulence is recast in path-integral language within the framework of the Martin–Siggia–Rose functional formalism. In order to derive analytical expressions for the velocity-gradient probability distribution functions (vgPDFs), we carry out noise renormalization in the low-frequency regime and find approximate extrema for the Martin–Siggia–Rose effective action. We verify, with the help of Monte Carlo simulations, that the vgPDFs so obtained yield a close description of the single-point statistical features implied by the original RFDC stochastic differential equations.