Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of single inhaler triple therapy vs single inhaler dual therapy or separate triple therapy for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background This study aims to compare the effects of single inhaler triple therapy comprised of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), and long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonists (LAMAs) with dual therapies comprised of either LABA/LAMA, ICS/LABA or separate ICS/LABA plus LAMA triple therapy. Methods The Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched up to October 31st 2018. Only randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was the rate of moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Results Seven studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Single inhaler triple therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of COPD exacerbation compared with LABA/LAMA (rate ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.87, I2=85%), and ICS/LABA (rate ratio, 0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.89, I2=29%) dual therapy. Single inhaler triple therapy led to a more significant improvement in lung function and quality of life compared with LABA/LAMA and ICS/LABA dual therapy. Single inhaler triple therapy was associated with a higher risk of pneumonia compared with LABA/LAMA (risk ratio, 1.38, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.67, I2=0) dual therapy. Conclusions The use of single inhaler triple therapy for COPD patients can result in lower rates of moderate or severe exacerbations of COPD as well as improved lung function and quality of life compared with dual therapy with LABA/LAMA or ICS/LABA.
University of Birmingham Understanding Immunesenescence.

This chapter discusses the impact of hip fracture in older age and in particular factors affecting recovery of physical function and wellbeing. It focuses particularly on a study of the impact of depression following hip fracture in older adults, and the influence of this depression on a range of outcomes including immune function, stress hormones, illness perceptions, physical function, and length of stay in health service and rehabilitation facilities. It shows that depression is common following hip fracture among older people, and is the biggest predictor of a slower recovery and poorer function in terms of immunity, wellbeing, and physical ability. A pilot study associated with this research showed that illness perceptions following hip fracture did not differ between UK and Punjabi older adults, but that Punjabi speakers in India had greater levels of distress. Implications for health service policy and practice resulting from this research are discussed, including potential intervention strategies to improve outcomes after hip fracture.
Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Sleep Disturbance in Adolescents

Introduction: Sleep disorder in adolescents is a problem that is rarely considered by both parents and healthcare professionals. Ignorance of sleep disorders is likely caused by the very rare occurrence of associated sporadic or emergency cases. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in the defecation pattern. Previous research has demonstrated IBS as one of the many causes of sleep disorders. Dif ﬁ culty sleeping, frequent awakening, and dif ﬁ culty returning to sleep after awakening are the symptoms often experienced by adolescents with IBS. The high incidence of IBS in adolescents and the large proportion of sleep disorders in IBS affect the quality of life and disrupt physical development, behaviour, and learning achievement. The relationship between IBS and sleep disorders in adolescents needs to be studied. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep disorders and IBS in high school adolescents in Palembang. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 294 high school adolescents in Palembang in June 2018. Random sampling method was used and the presence of IBS and sleep disturbances were assessed using a questionnaire. Results: Among all subjects, we found 113 subjects (38.4%) with IBS. Of these 113 subjects with IBS, only 60 subjects (53.1%) experienced sleep disorders. Conclusion: No correlation found between sleep disorders and IBS in adolescents.
Computer crime

search Staff of The Rand Corporation. In 1967 he brought the issue of computer security to the attention of the technical field by organizing a special session on the subject at the Spring Joint Computer Conference. Subsequently he chaired a Defense Science Board committee, which took the first comprehensive look anywhere in Government at computer security. The report entitled "Security Controls for Computer Systems" was a definitive treatment of the subject, and to this day remains an excellent primer. In the early 1970s, Ware was asked to join a special advisory group to the Secretary of HEW, and subsequently became its chairman. Its report, "Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens," was the first comprehensive treatment of privacy at the federal level. It provided the intellectual foundation for the Federal Privacy Act of 1974, which among other things created the Privacy Protection Study Commission of which Ware was a member and vice-chairman. The following testimonies have been edited for publication. The views presented in the following two articles are solely the personal views of the authors. They in no way reflect positions of The Rand Corporation, SRI International, Gaston, Snow and Ely Bartlett, ACM, or any of their clients. Peter J. Denning
Thatch and soil pesticide degradation and microbial activity as influenced by turf cultivation practices

Title of Thesis: THATCH AND SOIL PESTICIDE DEGRADATION AND MICROBIAL ACTIVITY AS INFLUENCED BY TURF CULTIVATION PRACTICES Yusong Mu, Master of Science, 2009 Thesis Directed By: Mark J. Carroll, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture Pesticide degradation in turf is complicated by presence of an organic matter enriched layer called thatch. It is not well understood how the extensive pesticide sorption capacity of thatch may affect the aerobic degradation of pesticides in thatch. Hollow tine cultivation and vertical mowing are two commonly used cultivation practices used to control thatch. Two studies were conducted to determine how these two cultural practices may affect microbial activity and pesticide degradation within thatch and soil. Hollow tine cultivation briefly enhanced microbial activity within thatch while vertical mowing had no consistent effect on thatch or soil microbial activity. Neither cultivation practice consistently altered the aerobic degradation of 2,4-D, flutolanil or chlorpyrifos. Thatch and soil aerobic degradation constants obtained for flutolanil and chlorpyrifos supported the hypothesis that strongly adsorbed pesticides are shielded from microbial populations that degrade pesticides within thatch.
The Distribution of the Spectrum for the Discrete Fourier Transform Test Included in SP800-22

In this paper, the problem in the distribution of the test statistic of the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) test included in SP800-22 released by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), which causes a very high rate of rejection compared with the significance level, is considered on the basis of the distribution of the spectrum. The statistic of the DFT test, which was supposed to follow the standard normal distribution N(0, 1) according to the central limit theorem, seems to follow the normal distribution N(0.691, 0.5) approximately. The author derived the distribution function of the spectrum, and changed the threshold value from the default value of √3n to the value of 1.7308 . × n, where n is the length of a random number sequence. By this modification, the test statistic becomes to follow the normal distribution N(0, 0.5) approximately. The disagreement between this variance (= 0.5) and that of the standard normal distribution (= 1) can be considered to originate in the dependence of the spectrum. The evidences of the dependence are shown.
for human infection

Some coral reefs exposed to temperature-induced bleaching events develop tolerance to subsequent events, possibly due to changes in their symbiotic algae communities. Ana Palacio-Castro et al. explored the relationship between symbiotic algae and increasing heat tolerance in corals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean over the last few decades. Coral reefs in the study region are predominantly built by corals of the genus Pocillopora. The authors analyzed temperature, coral cover, bleaching, and mortality data spanning three marine heat waves in 1982–1983, 1997–1998, and 2015–2016, as well as algal symbiont community data spanning the last two heat waves. The analysis suggests that heat-tolerant Durusdinium glynnii algae are becoming increasingly common in a particular lineage of Pocillopora, driving the persistence of reefs containing that lineage. Combined with climate model projections, the findings suggest that the low-diversity coral reefs of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean could maintain high coral cover through the 2060s. According to the authors, although Pocillopora reefs may remain functional during this time, their continued persistence is unlikely without reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. — M.H. Read online Close-up of a Pocillopora coral from the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. February 21, 2023 In This Issue
Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and mental health in older adults: An isotemporal substitution model

Tully, M. A. , McMullan, I. , Blackburn, N. E. , Wilson, J. J., Bunting, B. , Smith, L. , Kee, F. , Deidda, M. , GinéGarriga, M. , Coll-Planas, L. , Dallmeier, D. , Denkinger, M. , Rothenbacher, D. , & Caserotti, P. (2020). Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and mental health in older adults: An isotemporal substitution model. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 30(10), 1957-1965. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13762
NMU Commons NMU Commons

A rapid response to environmental threat is highly adaptive and fearful facial expressions serve as impor-tantthreatcues. Thebiologicalsigniﬁcanceofthesethreatcuesisdemonstratedbyneuroimagingﬁndings of amygdala responses to backward masked fearful faces. Additionally, behavioral dot-probe studies reveal that backward masked fearful faces modulate spatial attention. However, little is known about the behavioral impact of the amygdala sensitivity to masked fearful faces. Using a dot-probe task with event-relatedfunctionalmagneticresonanceimaging(fMRI),weprovidetheﬁrstevidencethattheamyg-dalaisinvolvedinorientingtobackwardmaskedfearfulfaces.Furthermore,thisspatialattention-related amygdala response was correlated with activity in the anterior cingulate, superior temporal sulcus, and lingual gyrus.
On the Complexity of Properties of Transformation Semigroups

We investigate the computational complexity for determining various properties of a finite transformation semigroup given by generators. We introduce a simple framework to describe transformation semigroup properties that are decidable in $\mathsf{AC^0}$. This framework is then used to show that the problems of deciding whether a transformation semigroup is a group, commutative or a semilattice are in $\mathsf{AC^0}$. Deciding whether a semigroup has a left (resp.right) zero is shown to be $\mathsf{NL}$-complete, as are the problems of testing whether a transformation semigroup is nilpotent, $\mathcal{R}$-trivial or has central idempotents. We also give $\mathsf{NL}$ algorithms for testing whether a transformation semigroup is idempotent, orthodox, completely regular, Clifford or has commuting idempotents. Some of these algorithms are direct consequences of the more general result that arbitrary fixed semigroup equations can be tested in~$\mathsf{NL}$. Moreover, we show how to compute left and right identities of a transformation semigroup in polynomial time. Finally, we show that checking whether an element is regular is $\mathsf{PSPACE}$-complete. \
Statement of Research

Completed Research Category Artifact Contributions Doctoral Research TAO [75, 76, 78] Real-time CORBA Implementation Novel benchmarking [23, 24, 26, 27]; Middleware optimization [29, 25, 28, 77, 30, 31, 70, 71]; and Influenced the Real-time CORBA specification [67]; Online availability of PhD Dissertation at ACM SIGSOFT portal. Industrial Research DOORS [61, 62] Fault-tolerant CORBA prototype Influenced the Fault-tolerant CORBA specification [66].
How fast can linear dynamical systems be learned?

We provide finite time error bounds for estimating general linear time-invariant systems from a single observed trajectory using the method of least squares. We derive sharp upper bounds for three separate regimes of eigenvalue distribution: stable, marginally stable, and explosive. Although the underlying process behaves quite differently in each of these three regimes, the systematic analysis of a self--normalized martingale difference term helps bound identification error up to logarithmic factors of the lower bound. For the general case when there is an arbitrary distribution of eigenvalues and the covariate process is a combination of the three regimes, our techniques recover the exact behavior of the identification error. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the least squares solution may be statistically inconsistent under certain conditions even when the signal-to-noise ratio is high.
Date of publication xxxx 00, 0000, date of current version xxxx 00, 0000

Network quality of service (QoS) is essential for network applications. For many applications, getting a fair share of available bandwidth for their flows can prevent them from being blocked by other flows that do not respond to congestion. Providing per-flow scheduling in each output port of a commodity switch can isolate the flows that compete for the bandwidth of a bottleneck link. Although per-flow scheduling can maintain fair shares among competing flows, due to the high implementation costs of providing per-flow queues in commodity switches, this capability is rarely provided in commodity switches on the market. To address this need, we design and implement a near-per-flow scheduling scheme named Near Per-flow Scheduling (NPFS) in P4 programmable hardware switches and evaluate its performance. NPFS provides near-per-flow scheduling effectiveness in commodity switches that do not have per-flow queues in their output ports. NPFS utilizes the priority queues provided in most commodity switches and dynamically assigns competing flows to these queues based on their protocol types and current sending rates. Experimental results show that, when the number of competing flows is less than three times the number of queues, NPFS guarantees that the achieved bandwidths of these flows only deviate from their ideal fair shares by 5%. INDEX TERMS Near Per-flow Scheduling (NPFS), Per-flow scheduling, programmable switches, Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors
Components of genetic associations across 2 , 138 1 phenotypes in the UK Biobank highlight novel adipocyte 2 biology 3 4

26 Population-based biobanks with genomic and dense phenotype data provide opportunities for 27 generating effective therapeutic hypotheses and understanding the genomic role in disease 28 predisposition. To characterize latent components of genetic associations, we applied truncated 29 singular value decomposition (DeGAs) to matrices of summary statistics derived from genome30 wide association analyses across 2,138 phenotypes measured in 337,199 White British 31 individuals in the UK Biobank study. We systematically identified key components of genetic 32 associations and the contributions of variants, genes, and phenotypes to each component. As 33 an illustration of the utility of the approach to inform downstream experiments, we report 34 putative loss of function variants, rs114285050 (GPR151) and rs150090666 (PDE3B), that 35 substantially contribute to obesity-related traits, and experimentally demonstrate the role of 36 these genes in adipocyte biology. Our approach to dissect components of genetic associations 37 across the human phenome will accelerate biomedical hypothesis generation by providing 38 insights on previously unexplored latent structures. 39
Structural insight into the individual variability architecture of the functional brain connectome

Human cognition and behaviors depend upon the brain’s functional connectomes, which vary remarkably across individuals. However, whether and how the functional connectome individual variability architecture is structurally constrained remains largely unknown. Using tractography- and morphometry-based network models, we observed the spatial convergence of structural and functional connectome individual variability, with higher variability in heteromodal association regions and lower variability in primary regions. We demonstrated that functional variability is significantly predicted by a unifying structural variability pattern and that this prediction follows a primary-to-heteromodal hierarchical axis, with higher accuracy in primary regions and lower accuracy in heteromodal regions. We further decomposed group-level connectome variability patterns into individual unique contributions and uncovered the structural-functional correspondence that is associated with individual cognitive traits. These results advance our understanding of the structural basis of individual functional variability and suggest the importance of integrating multimodal connectome signatures for individual differences in cognition and behaviors.
P3C: A Robust Projected Clustering Algorithm

Projected clustering has emerged as a possible solution to the challenges associated with clustering in high dimensional data. A projected cluster is a subset of points together with a subset of attributes, such that the cluster points project onto a small range of values in each of these attributes, and are uniformly distributed in the remaining attributes. Existing algorithms for projected clustering rely on parameters whose appropriate values are difficult to set by the user, or are unable to identify projected clusters with few relevant attributes. In this paper, we present a robust algorithm for projected clustering that can effectively discover projected clusters in the data while minimizing the number of parameters required as input. In contrast to all previous approaches, our algorithm can discover, under very general conditions, the true number of projected clusters. We show through an extensive experimental evaluation that our algorithm: (1) significantly outperforms existing algorithms for projected clustering in terms of accuracy; (2) is effective in detecting very low-dimensional projected clusters embedded in high dimensional spaces; (3) is effective in detecting clusters with varying orientation in their relevant subspaces; (4) is scalable with respect to large data sets and high number of dimensions.
Improving techniques for satellite-based constraints on the lightning parameterization in a global chemical transport model

Lightning is important to resolve in global chemical transport models (CTMs) because it represents the dominant source of reactive nitrogen oxides to the upper troposphere, important precursors to ozone and OH, the predominant tropospheric oxidants. However, CTMs must model lightning as a function of assimilated meteorological fields at much larger spatiotemporal scales than individual thunderstorm events, smoothing variability and exacerbating errors inherent in the simple parameterizations of lightning formation. In the GEOS-Chem 3D global CTM (http://www.as.harvard.edu/chemistry/ trop/geos/), driven by GEOS assimilated meteorology (v4) from the NASA Global Modeling & Assimilation Office, lightning is parameterized following the Cloud Top Height (CTH) method of Price and Rind [1992], which assumes lightning density follows as a power function of the average convective cloud top height F = a CTHb where a and b are constants, determined for land and marine environments. Knowledge of the global lightning distribution has been greatly improved by the 11-year combined climatology products of the Optical Transient Detector (OTD) and Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), available from the NASA Global Hydrology and Climate Center (http://thunder.msfc.nasa.gov/). However, comparison with CTH in the GEOS meteorological framework shows: An overestimate of tropical and continental lightning • An underestimate of the extratropical and marine source • It fails to capture the relative magnitudes of the three dominant large-scale • features, reversing the Congo Basin (highest observed), Amazonia, and the Maritime Continent (highest modeled). Captures less than half the variance of the spatial heterogeneity • AE31A-0255
Honey bee (Apis mellifera) larval pheromones regulate gene expression related to foraging task specialization

Background Foraging behavior in honey bees (Apis mellifera) is a complex phenotype which is regulated by physiological state and social signals. How these factors are integrated at the molecular level to modulate foraging behavior has not been well-characterized. The transition of worker bees from nursing to foraging behavior is mediated by large-scale changes in brain gene expression, which are influenced by pheromones produced by the queen and larvae. Larval pheromones can also stimulate foragers to leave the colony to collect pollen, but the mechanisms underpinning this rapid behavioral plasticity are unknown. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which foragers specialize on collecting nectar or pollen, and how larval pheromones impact these different behavioral states, remains to be determined. Here, we investigated the patterns of gene expression related to rapid behavioral plasticity and task allocation among honey bee foragers exposed to two larval pheromones, brood pheromone (BP) and (E)-beta-ocimene (EBO). Results We hypothesized that both pheromones would alter expression of genes in the brain related to foraging and would differentially impact expression of genes in the brains of pollen compared to nectar foragers. Combining data reduction, clustering, and network analysis methods, we found that foraging preference (nectar vs. pollen) and pheromone exposure are each associated with specific brain gene expression profiles. Furthermore, pheromone exposure has a strong transcriptional effect on genes that are preferentially expressed in nectar foragers. Representation factor analysis between our study and previous landmark honey bee transcriptome studies revealed significant overlaps for both pheromone communication and foraging task specialization. Conclusions Social signals (i.e. pheromones) may invoke foraging-related genes to upregulate pollen foraging at both long and short time scales. These results provide new insights into how social signals integrate with task specialization at the molecular level and highlights the important role that brain gene expression plays in behavioral plasticity across time scales.