Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (Review)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for ~85% of lung cancer cases and has high morbidity and mortality rates. Over the past decade, treatment strategies for NSCLC have progressed rapidly, particularly with the increasing use of screening programs, leading to improvements in the initial diagnosis and treatment of early-stage and preinvasive tumors. Surgical intervention remains the primary treatment for early-stage NSCLC. Thoracoscopic lobectomy has become the main treatment for early-stage NSCLC, as it results in less postoperative bleeding and pain and fewer complications. However, the complication rate for thoracoscopic lobectomy due to sputum retention and weakened respiratory muscle strength remains as high as 19-59%. Treating NSCLC remains challenging in terms of postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation. In the present review, recent advances in postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with NSCLC were presented in order to assist researchers in developing improved treatments to enhance postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation for such patients.
The Prandtl–Tomlinson model of friction with stochastic driving

We consider the classical Prandtl–Tomlinson model of a particle moving on a corrugated potential, pulled by a spring. In the usual situation in which pulling acts at constant velocity γ˙, the model displays an average friction force σ that relates to γ˙ (for small γ˙) as γ˙∼(σ−σc)β, where σc is a critical friction force. The possible values of β are well known in terms of the analytical properties of the corrugated potential. We study here the situation in which the pulling has, in addition to the constant velocity term, a stochastic term of mechanical origin. We analytically show how this term modifies the force-velocity dependence close to the critical force, and give the value of β in terms of the analytical properties of the corrugation potential and the scaling properties of the stochastic driving, encoded in the value of its Hurst exponent.
Universality classes of metal-insulator transitions in strongly correlated electron systems and mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity

We study three regimes of the Mott transitions characterized by classical, marginally quantum, and quantum. In the classical regime, the quantum degeneracy temperature is lower than the critical temperature of the Mott transition ${T}_{c}$, below which the first-order transition occurs. The quantum regime describes the ${T}_{c}=0$ boundary of the continuous transition. The marginal quantum region appears sandwiched by these two regimes. The classical transition is described by the Ising universality class. However, the Ginzburg-Landau-Wilson scheme breaks down when the quantum effects dominate. The marginal quantum critical region is categorized to an unusual universality class, where the order parameter exponent $\ensuremath{\beta}$, the susceptibility exponent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, and the field exponent $\ensuremath{\delta}$ are given by $\ensuremath{\beta}=d∕2$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}=2\ensuremath{-}d∕2$, and $\ensuremath{\delta}=4∕d$, respectively, with $d$ being the spatial dimensionality. It is shown that the transition is always at the upper critical dimension irrespective of the spatial dimensions. Therefore the mean-field exponents and the hyperscaling description become both valid at any dimension. The obtained universality classes agree with the recent experimental results on the Mott criticality in organic conductors such as $\ensuremath{\kappa}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{(\mathrm{ET})}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}[\mathrm{N}{(\mathrm{C}\mathrm{N})}_{2}]\mathrm{Cl}$ and transition-metal compounds such as ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The marginal quantum criticality is characterized by the critically enhanced electron-density fluctuations at small wave number. The characteristic energy scale of the density fluctuation extends to the order of the Mott gap in contrast to the spin and orbital fluctuation scales and causes various unusual properties. The mode coupling theory shows that the marginal quantum criticality further generates non-Fermi-liquid properties in the metallic side. The effects of the long-range Coulomb force in the filling-control Mott transition are also discussed. A mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity emerges from the density fluctuations at small wave number inherent in the marginal quantum criticality of the Mott transition. The mode coupling theory combined with the Eliashberg equation predicts the superconductivity of the ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ symmetry with the transition temperature of the correct order of magnitude for the realistic parameters for the cuprate superconductors. Experimental results on the electron differentiations established in the angle-resolved photoemission experiments are favorably compared with the present prediction. The tendency for the spatial inhomogeneity is a natural consequence of this criticality.
Linking GOLPH3 and Extracellular Vesicles Content—a Potential New Route in Cancer Physiopathology and a Promising Therapeutic Target is in Sight?

Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), a highly conserved phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate effector, is required for maintenance of Golgi architecture, vesicle trafficking, and Golgi glycosylation. GOLPH3 overexpression has been reported in several human solid cancers, including glioblastoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the molecular mechanisms that link GOLPH3 to tumorigenesis require further investigation, it is likely that GOLPH3 may act by controlling the intracellular movement of key oncogenic molecules, between the Golgi compartments and/or between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. Indeed, numerous evidence indicates that deregulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking contributes to several aspects of cancer phenotypes. However, a direct and clear link between extracellular vesicle movements and GOLPH3 is still missing. In the past years several lines of evidence have implicated GOLPH3 in the regulation of extracellular vesicle content. Specifically, a new role for GOLPH3 has emerged in controlling the internalization of exosomes containing either oncogenic proteins or noncoding RNAs, especially micro-RNA. Although far from being elucidated, growing evidence indicates that GOLPH3 does not increase quantitatively the excretion of exosomes, but rather regulates the exosome content. In particular, recent data support a role for GOLPH3 for loading specific oncogenic molecules into the exosomes, driving both tumor malignancy and metastasis formation. Additionally, the older literature indirectly implicates GOLPH3 in cancerogenesis through its function in controlling hepatitis C virus secretion, which in turn is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma formation. Thus, GOLPH3 might promote tumorigenesis in unexpected ways, involving both direct and indirect routes. If these data are further confirmed, the spectrum of action of GOLPH3 in tumor formation will significantly expand, indicating this protein as a strong candidate for targeted cancer therapy.
Pediatric Chemical and Thermal Ocular Injuries Requiring Hospitalization in South China

ABSTRACT Purpose To study the clinical characteristics of children with severe ocular chemical or thermal injuries in South China and evaluate prognostic factors affecting final visual acuity (VA). Methods A five-year retrospective study was conducted on pediatric patients who were first admitted to Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center with severe chemical or thermal ocular injuries. Data collected and analyzed comprised socioeconomic and socio-demographic data, details regarding their injury, subsequent treatment, and visual outcomes. Results Of the 105 children (121 eyes), severe ocular chemical and thermal injuries in South China were prevalent in preschool children (n = 51, 58.1%), predominantly male (n = 82, 78.1%), and primarily children in rural areas (n = 98, 93.3%). Seventy-one eyes (78.9%) had a final VA <0.05, and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that initial VA after injury (OR = 0.47), the maternal education level (OR = 0.23), and monthly household income (OR = 0.31) were significantly associated with final VA. Conclusion Final VA was associated with the initial VA, the maternal level of education, and family income; necessitating an increased provision of public education to children from low-income families, especially in rural areas.
The Polish genomic breeding value estimation project

J. Szyda, A. Żarnecki and S. Kaminski a Department of Animal Genetics, Wroclaw University of Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland b Institute of Natural Sciences, Wroclaw University of Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland c National Research Institute for Animal Production, Balice, Poland d Department of Animal Genetics, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland ___________________________________________________________________________ Abstract
Transitioning from microsatellites to SNP‐based microhaplotypes in genetic monitoring programmes: Lessons from paired data spanning 20 years

Many long‐term genetic monitoring programmes began before next‐generation sequencing became widely available. Older programmes can now transition to new marker systems usually consisting of 1000s of SNP loci, but there are still important questions about comparability, precision, and accuracy of key metrics estimated using SNPs. Ideally, transitioned programmes should capitalize on new information without sacrificing continuity of inference across the time series. We combined existing microsatellite‐based genetic monitoring information with SNP‐based microhaplotypes obtained from archived samples of Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus) across a 20‐year time series to evaluate point estimates and trajectories of key genetic metrics. Demographic and genetic monitoring bracketed multiple collapses of the wild population and included cases where captive‐born repatriates comprised the majority of spawners in the wild. Even with smaller sample sizes, microhaplotypes yielded comparable and in some cases more precise estimates of variance genetic effective population size, multilocus heterozygosity and inbreeding compared to microsatellites because many more microhaplotype loci were available. Microhaplotypes also recorded shifts in allele frequencies associated with population bottlenecks. Trends in microhaplotype‐based inbreeding metrics were associated with the fraction of hatchery‐reared repatriates to the wild and should be incorporated into future genomic monitoring. Although differences in accuracy and precision of some metrics were observed between marker types, biological inferences and management recommendations were consistent.
Pelvic inlet area is associated with birth mode

To determine whether a pelvis is wide enough for spontaneous delivery has long been the subject of obstetric research. A number of variables have been proposed as predictors, all with limited accuracy. In this study, we use a novel three‐dimensional (3D) method to measure the female pelvis and assess which pelvic features influence birth mode. We compare the 3D pelvic morphology of women who delivered vaginally, women who had cesarean sections, and nulliparous women. The aim of this study is to identify differences in pelvic morphology between these groups.
ULTRACAM photometry of eclipsing cataclysmic variable stars

The accurate determination of the masses of cataclysmic variable stars is critical to our understanding of their origin, evolution and behaviour. Observations of cataclysmic variables also afford an excellent opportunity to constrain theoretical physical models of the accretion discs housed in these systems. In particular, the brightness distributions of the accretion discs of eclipsing systems can be mapped at a spatial resolution unachievable in any other astrophysical situation. This thesis addresses both of these important topics via the analysis of the light curves of six eclipsing dwarf novae, obtained using ULTRACAM, a novel high-speed imaging photometer.
Relationships of Local Food and Physical Activity Environments With Overweight in 5- to 17-Year-Old Malaysian Children

Evidence on the associations between built environment and overweight in children outside developed countries is scarce. We examined associations between access to local food and physical activity environments and overweight in 5- to 17-year-old Malaysians in two states with differing overweight levels. Information on children was measured in the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2015 and combined with Geographic Information System–derived data on local food and physical activity environments. Access to the built environment was measured by presence and distance from child’s residence. Complete data were available for 880 children. Access to local food outlets and parks was higher and associated with higher occurrence of overweight in children living in the state with higher overweight prevalence. When adjusted for sociodemographic factors, higher presence of and shorter distance to convenience stores and parks were associated with overweight. Both built environment and children’s sociodemographic backgrounds should be considered when planning interventions to curb the overweight epidemic in Malaysia.
Population burst propagation across interacting areas of the brain

For many perceptual and behavioral tasks, a prominent feature of neural spike trains involves high firing rates across relatively short intervals of time. We call these events ``population bursts. " Because during a population burst information is, presumably, transmitted from one part of the brain to another, burst timing should reveal activity related to the flow of information across neural circuits. We developed a statistical method (based on a point process model) of determining, accurately, the time of the maximum (peak) population firing rate on a trial-by-trial basis and used it to characterize burst propagation across areas. We then examined the tendency of peak firing rates in distinct brain areas to shift earlier or later in time, together, across repeated trials, and found this trial-to-trial coupling of peak times to be a sensitive indicator of interaction across populations. In the data we examined, from the Allen Brain Observatory, we found many very strong correlations (95\% confidence intervals above .75) in cases where standard methods were unable to demonstrate cross-area correlation. The statistical model introduced cross-area covariation only through population-level trial-dependent time shifts and gain constants (values of which were learned from the data), yet it provided very good fits to data histograms, including histograms of spike count correlations within and across visual areas. Our results demonstrate the utility of carefully assessing timing and propagation, across brain regions, of transient bursts in neural population activity, based on multiple spike train recordings.
Efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of aquatic exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, CNKI and WanFang databases were searched from 1966 to September 2022. Review methods Randomized controlled trials evaluating aquatic exercise for people with knee osteoarthritis compared with no exercise and land-based exercise were included. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to evaluate the certainty of evidence. Results Twenty-two studies with 1394 participants were included. Compared with no exercise (13 trials with 746 participants), low-to high-certainty evidence revealed that aquatic exercise yielded significant improvements in patient-reported pain (SMD −0.58, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.33), stiffness (SMD −0.57, 95% CI −1.03 to −0.11) and physical function (SMD −0.35, 95% CI −0.52 to −0.18) immediately postintervention. A sustained effect was observed only for pain at three months postintervention (SMD −0.48, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.06). The confidence intervals demonstrated that the pooled results do not exclude the minimal clinically important differences. There were no significant differences between the effects of aquatic exercise and land-based exercise (13 trials with 648 participants) on pain (SMD −0.12, 95% CI −0.29 to 0.04), stiffness (SMD −0.17, 95% CI −0.49 to 0.16) or physical function (SMD −0.13, 95% CI −0.28 to 0.02). No study reported a serious adverse event in relation to aquatic exercise. Conclusion Aquatic exercise provides a short-term clinical benefit that is sustained for at least three months postintervention in terms of pain in people with knee osteoarthritis.
POR overexpression induces tamoxifen‐resistance in breast cancer through the STAT1/c‐Myc pathway

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Although tamoxifen (TAM), a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, is widely used to treat ER‐positive breast cancers, resistance to TAM remains a major clinical problem. NADPH‐dependent cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is known to participate in drug metabolism and steroid metabolism. Recent studies showed that high POR expression was correlated with poor outcomes in triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), and POR might be a prognostic biomarker in TNBC. However, the role of POR in TAM resistance is still elusive. In this study, we found that high POR expression was associated with poor prognosis of ER‐positive and TAM‐treated breast cancer patients. In addition, COX analysis showed that POR expression was an independent prognostic biomarker for ER‐positive as well as TAM‐treated breast cancer patients. Furthermore, our results suggested that POR overexpression promoted TAM resistance by activating the STAT1/c‐Myc pathway in ER‐positive breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that high POR/STAT1 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in TAM‐treated breast cancer patients. Notably, combined treatment with TAM and a specific STAT1 inhibitor Fludarabine was more effective for inhibiting TAM‐resistant breast cancer cells. Altogether, our findings suggested that POR overexpression induced TAM resistance through STAT1/c‐Myc pathway and might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in TAM‐treated breast cancer patients. Combining TAM and STAT1 inhibitors might be an effective strategy for treating POR‐induced TAM‐resistant breast cancer.
IQCN disruption causes fertilization failure and male infertility due to manchette assembly defect

Total fertilization failure (TFF) is an important cause of infertility; however, the genetic basis of TFF caused by male factors remains to be clarified. In this study, whole‐exome sequencing was firstly used to screen for genetic causes of TFF after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and homozygous variants in the novel gene IQ motif‐containing N (IQCN) were identified in two affected individuals with abnormal acrosome structures. Then, Iqcn‐knockout mice were generated by CRISPR‐Cas9 technology and showed that the knockout male mice resembled the human phenotypes. Additionally, we found that IQCN regulates microtubule nucleation during manchette assembly via calmodulin and related calmodulin‐binding proteins, which resulted in head deformity with aberrant oocyte activation factor PLCζ. Fortunately, ICSI with assisted oocyte activation can overcome IQCN‐associate TFF and male infertility. Thus, our study firstly identified the function of IQCN, highlights the relationship between the manchette assembly and fertilization, and provides a genetic marker and a therapeutic option for male‐source TFF.
A Bioinspired Fluid-Filled Soft Linear Actuator

In bioinspired soft robotics, very few studies have focused on fluidic transmissions and there is an urgent need for translating fluidic concepts into realizable fluidic components to be applied in different fields. Nature has often offered an inspiring reference to design new efficient devices. Inspired by the working principle of a marine worm, the sipunculid species Phascolosoma stephensoni (Sipunculidae, Annelida), a soft linear fluidic actuator is here presented. The natural hydrostatic skeleton combined with muscle activity enables these organisms to protrude a part of their body to explore the surrounding. Looking at the hydrostatic skeleton and protrusion mechanism of sipunculids, our solution is based on a twofold fluidic component, exploiting the advantages of both pneumatic and hydraulic actuations and providing a novel fluidic transmission mechanism. The inflation of a soft pneumatic chamber is associated with the stretch of an inner hydraulic chamber due to the incompressibility of the liquid. Actuator stretch and forces have been characterized to determine system performance. In addition, an analytical model has been derived to relate the stretch ability to the inlet pressure. Three different sizes of prototypes were tested to evaluate the suitability of the proposed design for miniaturization. The proposed actuator features a strain equal to 40–50% of its initial length—depending on size—and output forces up to 18 N in the largest prototypes. The proposed bioinspired actuator expands the design of fluidic actuators and can pave the way for new approaches in soft robotics with potential application in the medical field.
Rearranged Endogenized Plant Pararetroviruses as Evidence of Heritable RNA-based Immunity

Abstract Eukaryotic genomics frequently revealed historical spontaneous endogenization events of external invading nucleic acids, such as viral elements. In plants, an extensive occurrence of endogenous plant pararetroviruses (EPRVs) is usually believed to endow hosts with an additional layer of internal suppressive weaponry. However, an actual demonstration of this activity remains speculative. We analyzed the EPRV component and accompanying silencing effectors of Solanum lycopersicum, documenting that intronic/intergenic pararetroviral integrations bearing inverted-repeats fuel the plant's RNA-based immune system with suitable transcripts capable of evoking a silencing response. A surprisingly small set of rearrangements explained a substantial fraction of pararetroviral-derived endogenous small-interfering (si)RNAs, enriched in 22-nt forms typically associated with anti-viral post-transcriptional gene silencing. We provide preliminary evidence that such genetic and immunological signals may be found in other species outside the genus Solanum. Based on molecular dating, bioinformatics, and empirical explorations, we propose that homology-dependent silencing emerging from particular immuno-competent rearranged chromosomal areas that constitute an adaptive heritable trans-acting record of past infections, with potential impact against the unlocking of plant latent EPRVs and cognate-free pararetroviruses.