Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oil palm development and large-scale land acquisitions in Papua New Guinea

[Extract] Throughout the developing world, large tracts of land are being acquired from customary owners by corporations for the purpose of commercial agriculture (Deininger and Byerlee 2011; Anseeuw et al. 2012). This ‘land grabbing’ typically occurs in conditions of poor governance and results in benefits to powerful elites at the expense of local populations (Nolte 2014). It has been argued that the loss of access to land by customary owners in developing countries will be offset by investments that will create new jobs and bring new knowledge and infrastructures that will benefit the local population (Toft 2013). However, this process can also entail serious long-term consequences for these same local people (Sayer et al. 2012; Feintrenie 2014; Rulli and D’Odorico 2014). Large-scale acquisitions have been going on for a long time in many regions of the world, but there has been a marked recent acceleration to supply an increasing global demand for food, fibre and biofuels (von Braun and Meinzen-Dick 2009; Cotula et al. 2011; Rulli et al. 2013). Those who advocate for large-scale investments in productive agricultural land point out that measures should be in place to ensure that the benefits are shared equitably with the local populations (Cotula 2013; Toft 2013).
Mg-borate deposit formation: Recharge and lake water hydrogeochemistry of Nie`er Co Lake, northwestern Tibet

Copyright © 2016 by The Geochemical Society of Japan. mountains, as well as the Himalayan Plateau. The continued subduction of the Indian plate has resulted in considerable crustal melting over the past 40 Ma. Much of this melt has migrated upwards to form a liquid layer in the upper crust, which has resulted in a crustal thickness approximately twice that observed at other subduction zones. This unusually thick crust may explain the high concentration of borate deposits, which have been generated from long-lasting geothermal hot springs that likely source B from anatectic magma of the Cenozoic lower crust (Zheng, 1997). A similar phenomenon may have occurred in the Puna region of the Andes, where the plateau area also hosts a large number of borate deposits (Garrett, 1998). Sun et al. (2002) experimentally investigated the origins of borate deposits in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and showed that: 1) B-rich waterbodies related to geothermal and volcanic activity provide the material for the formation of borate deposits; 2) borate deposits can form in a stable equilibrium environment without metastable equilibrium; 3) low temperature conditions are beneficial to borate separation from a waterbody; and 4) the formation of borate deposits is closely associated with Mg-borate deposit formation: Recharge and lake water hydrogeochemistry of Nie`er Co Lake, northwestern Tibet
Inevitable senescence? contributions to evolutionary-demographic theory.

The main thrust of my dissertation is to understand whether and when senescence is an inherent characteristic of life. Hamilton (1966) claimed to have proven that "senescence is an inevitable outcome of evolution". One major result of my work is that no dogmatic statement can be made about the universality of senescence. By carefully studying Hamilton's paper on the moulding of senescence, I show that Hamilton did not prove that senescence "cannot be avoided by any conceivable organism". I have developed simple models that contribute general insights to evolution ary demographic theory. The models are designed to shed light on whether and when non-senescent life-history strategies could be optimal. All models show that senescence is not inevitable. Sustenance can be an optimal life-history strategy. The results of my size-based models suggest that species with the ca pability of continued growth after the onset of reproduction are candidates for non-senescence. The results of my vitality-based model suggest that the costs of growth and maintenance and, to an almost equal extent, the costs of reproduction are major determinants of the choice between senescence and sustenance. My dissertation can be viewed as a theoretical exploration of the inter-species diversity of aging, i.e., of how varied aging can be for different species and of what factors determine whether a species' strategy involves sustenance or senescence. My models suggest that a remarkable variety of patterns may be optimal under different circumstances. The limited empirical data available suggests that species may show a rich diversity of age-schedules of mortality, fertility and growth. This dissertation shows that senescence and sustenance are two complemen tary sides of the process of aging. One cannot be deeply understood without the other. The new, burning question that arises from my work is: In what kind of species does senescence evolve and in what kind of species is it sustenance that evolves?
Life Expectancy and its Determinants in the Czech Republic

We model the life expectancy function for the Czech Republic using three types of explanatory variables: socio-economic, healthcare and environmental pollution factors. The paper presents the first life expectancy model of the Czech Republic and contributes to the existing literature also by the analysis of district level data and inclusion of environmental pollution variables. We found two qualitatively different life expectancy functions where one is applicable for men at the age of 45 and 65 and women at the age of 45 and the other is suitable for women at the age of 65. Key findings can be summarized as follows: only one healthcare factor was significant in all models simultaneously and environmental pollution factors were revealed as significant and should be included in other models of life expectancy function.
Fall Risk Assessment in Stroke Survivors: A Machine Learning Model Using Detailed Motion Data from Common Clinical Tests and Motor-Cognitive Dual-Tasking

Background: Falls are common and dangerous for stroke survivors. Current fall risk assessment methods rely on subjective scales. Objective sensor-based methods could improve prediction accuracy. Objective: Develop machine learning models using inertial sensors to objectively classify fall risk in stroke survivors. Determine optimal sensor configurations and clinical test protocols. Methods: 21 stroke survivors performed balance, Timed Up and Go, 10 Meter Walk, and Sit-to-Stand tests with and without dual-tasking. A total of 8 motion sensors captured lower limb and trunk kinematics, and 92 spatiotemporal gait and clinical features were extracted. Supervised models—Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest—were implemented to classify high vs. low fall risk. Sensor setups and test combinations were evaluated. Results: The Random Forest model achieved 91% accuracy using dual-task balance sway and Timed Up and Go walk time features. Single thorax sensor models performed similarly to multi-sensor models. Balance and Timed Up and Go best-predicted fall risk. Conclusion: Machine learning models using minimal inertial sensors during clinical assessments can accurately quantify fall risk in stroke survivors. Single thorax sensor setups are effective. Findings demonstrate a feasible objective fall screening approach to assist rehabilitation.
Identification of potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19 through a structural-based similarity approach between SARS-CoV-2 and its human host proteins

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to millions of deaths worldwide, and vaccination efficacy has been decreasing with each lineage, necessitating the need for alternative antiviral therapies. Predicting host–virus protein–protein interactions (HV-PPIs) is essential for identifying potential host-targeting drug targets against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objective: This study aims to identify therapeutic target proteins in humans that could act as virus–host-targeting drug targets against SARS-CoV-2 and study their interaction against antiviral inhibitors. Methods: A structure-based similarity approach was used to predict human proteins similar to SARS-CoV-2 (“hCoV-2”), followed by identifying PPIs between hCoV-2 and its target human proteins. Overlapping genes were identified between the protein-coding genes of the target and COVID-19-infected patient’s mRNA expression data. Pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) term analyses, the construction of PPI networks, and the detection of hub gene modules were performed. Structure-based virtual screening with antiviral compounds was performed to identify potential hits against target gene-encoded protein. Results: This study predicted 19,051 unique target human proteins that interact with hCoV-2, and compared to the microarray dataset, 1,120 target and infected group differentially expressed genes (TIG-DEGs) were identified. The significant pathway and GO enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of these genes in several biological processes and molecular functions. PPI network analysis identified a significant hub gene with maximum neighboring partners. Virtual screening analysis identified three potential antiviral compounds against the target gene-encoded protein. Conclusion: This study provides potential targets for host-targeting drug development against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and further experimental validation of the target protein is required for pharmaceutical intervention.
Immediate Soft-Tissue Reconstruction for Chronic Infected Tibia Nonunions Treated with an Ilizarov Frame

Summary: There are multiple options available for the management of large tibial defects. The Ilizarov frame is one of the most widely used techniques due to the physiological bone growth and the symmetrical distribution of axial forces permitting adequate bone distribution. However, disadvantages still remain including obtaining additional soft-tissue access for defect coverage. We present our experience with soft-tissue reconstruction for chronic infected tibial nonunions using free tissue transfers simultaneously with Ilizarov device placement. A retrospective review was performed from 2014 to 2016 of patients presenting with a chronically infected tibia nonunion and treated by our senior orthopedic and plastic surgeons. Demographic data, comorbidities, intraoperative details and postoperative outcomes were collected. A total of 6 patients were identified with a mean age of 46.2 ± 11.6 years. Complete flap survival and resolved active infection were achieved in 5 of our patients, 4 demonstrated body union on imaging, and all of them reached complete ambulance. Flap revisions with allografting for partial flap loss were performed in 1 patient. Preoperative planning is critical for immediate lower extremity reconstruction in the setting of an Ilizarov frame. From our institutional experience, free tissue transfer can safely be placed after frame placement.
Significados de una experiência pedagógica sobre prácticas alimentares saludables en instituiciones de educación formal de Medellín (Colombia) Pedagogical experience meanings on healthy dietary practices in formal education instituions of Medellin (Colombia)

To describe the pedagogical experience meanings implemented in school stores and its impact on the food habits of students, a qualitative study of ethnographic approach with the educational community and shopkeepers from 16 institutions, selected according to its share of the program of healthy school of the Mayor of Medellin, Colombia. Increase the consumption of snacks, sugary drinks and industrialized products, in addition to lack of awareness of parents about ways of feeding was observed. It was evident that the school's lunch boxes include processed products, accompanied by sweet and mecatos or failing mothers give the money to buy food at the school shop, being a key factor the cost to acquire new eating habits and preferences by some industrialized foods.
Incidental Finding of Well-Differentiated Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumor on Diagnostic Upper Endoscopy

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and slow-growing. They are often found incidentally, and patients typically present with vague symptoms. This is a case report detailing an 83-year-old female who presents with signs and symptoms consistent with esophageal stricture and was incidentally found to have a duodenal NET. Treatment typically involves surgical removal and carries a good prognosis. With complete surgical resection of localized tumors, the chance of progression or recurrence is low.
CARRAÇAS ASSOCIADAS A PATOLOGIAS INFECCIOSAS EM PORTUGAL

Os ixodoideos, tambem designados por carracas, sao artropodes hematofagos estritos ectoparasitas de vertebrados terrestres. Estes artropodes estao presentes em quase todas as regioes zoogeograficas. Embora sejam considerados zoofilicos, sao varias as especies associadas a transmissao ao Homem de importantes agentes etiologicos, responsaveis pelo aparecimento de diversas doencas infecciosas. Julgamos por isso oportuno, contribuir desta forma para uma revisao dos aspectos relevantes, relacionados com a caracterizacao destes artropodes, como vectores de agentes infecciosos em Portugal, abordando aspectos biologicos, ecologicos e epidemiologicos com interesse em Saude Publica. Palavras-Chave – Ixodideos; Agentes transmitidos por ixodideos; Saude Publica; Portugal TICKS ASSOCIATED TO INFECTIOUS PATHOLOGIES IN PORTUGAL Ticks are hematophagos arthropods that parasitize terrestrial vertebrates. They are world wide, living in almost all terrestrial regions. Although mainly associated to animals, there are several tick species that bite humans and transmit tick-borne agents causing important infectious disease. In this paper the authors revise the most outstanding aspects of those arthropods as vectors of infectious pathogens in Portugal, focusing biologic, ecologic and epidemiologic features with Public Health interest.
Evaluation of Site Effects by an Inversion of S-wave Spectra with a Constraint Condition Considering Effects of Shallow Weathered Layers

An inversion method to separate effects of source, propagation path, and local site from S-wave spectra is applied to earthquake observation data obtained in the southwestern Kanto plain, Japan. First, effects of building in which seismometer is installed are evaluated from spectral ratio of microtremor records that were simultaneously obtained in the building and at the free surface in its vicinity for correcting the S-wave spectra. Theoretically calculated amplification factor due to shallow weathered layers and the spectral ratio of microtremors at a rock site are used as a constraint condition in our inversion. Estimated source spectra show a w_2 decay with increasing frequency. QS-value along the propagation path in the Earth's crust is in an agreement with results of previous studies. Strong site-dependency was found in the separated site amplification factors. In particular, soft soil site has an amplitude decrease in frequencies higher than 2 Hz. The amplification factors were well explained by theoretical amplifications of reverberating S-waves in subsurface structural models from geophysical surveys. These results suggest the appropriateness of the constraint condition used in our inversion.
Insights in the molecular epidemiology and antigenic characterization of influenza A viruses of pigs

En el primer estudi d’aquesta tesi, es varen estudiar diferents brots que presentaven patologia respiratoria per tal de detectar-ne la presencia de virus de la influenca porcina. En catorze casos es varen detectar virus de la grip circulants. Aquests van ser aillats, sequ? enciats a nivell de genoma complet i comparats amb altres virus de la influenca coneguts. Els virus aillats pertanyien als subtipus H1N1 (n=6, incloent un virus pandemic H1N1 huma), H3N2 (n=4), i H1N2 (n=4). En 11/14 casos es van detectar possibles reorganitzacions genetiques mitjancant l’analisi filogenetica. En una segona part es va analitzar l’evolucio genetica d’aillats H1N1 obtinguts en un estudi longitudinal d’un lot de porcs durant 6 mesos. La sequ? enciacio de 22 aillats obtinguts en aquesta explotacio van indicar la co-circulacio de dues variants del mateix virus, aixi com l’emergencia de noves soques recombinants en diferents moments. Aquests resultats indiquen que les reorganitzacions genetiques son comuns i corroboren la importancia de coneixer la epidemiologia dels virus de la influenza porcina, particularment en explotacions endemiques. En el segon estudi d’aquesta tesi, els aillats sequ? enciats previament es varen analitzar mitjancant la inhibicio de l’hemaglutinacio. Aquesta analisi es va fer amb l’us de serums mono-especifics obtinguts de porcs immunitzats i amb 100 serums obtinguts d’explotacions porcines comercials seropositives a grip i no vacunades. Els resultats obtinguts van permetre detectar una gran diversitat antigenica dels virus H1N1. En canvi, els virus H1N2 i H3N2 circulants semblen ser mes homolegs per subtipus al analitzar la seva reactivitat creuada. Quan es van comparar les sequ? encies d’amino acids del gen de la hemaglutinina es va observar que els virus H1N1 tambe presentaven una major quantitat de canvis de residus que els altres dos subtipus. Les causes d’aquestes caracteristiques antigeniques diferents de cada subtipus no es coneixen i probablement son reflex una epidemiologia diferent.
Area-Based Topic Modeling and Visualization of Social Media for Qualitative GIS

Qualitative geographic information systems (GIS) has progressed in meaningful ways since early calls for a qualitative GIS in the 1990s. From participatory methods to the invention of the participatory geoweb and finally to geospatial social media sources, the amount of information available to nonquantitative GIScientists has grown tremendously. Recently, researchers have advanced qualitative GIS by taking advantage of new data sources, like Twitter, to illustrate the occurrence of various phenomena in the data set geospatially. At the same time, computer scientists in the field of natural language processing have built increasingly sophisticated methods for digesting and analyzing large text-based data sources. In this article, the authors implement one of these methods, topic modeling, and create a visualization method to illustrate the results in a visually comparative way, directly onto the map canvas. The method is a step toward making the advances in natural language processing available to all GIScientists. The article discusses the ways in which geography plays an important part in understanding the results presented from the model and visualization, including issues of place and space.
Physiological and Behavioral Effects of 1,8-Cineol and (±)-Linalool: A Comparison of Inhalation and Massage Aromatherapy

The effects of fragrances on human arousal are not well understood. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the influence of two monoterpenes, 1,8-cineol and (±)-linalool, on human sustained attention, physiological arousal and well-being. The substances, as well as appropriate placebos, were administered either by inhalation or by skin application to a total of 130 healthy subjects. We found that when the fragrances were applied to the skin 1,8-cineol improved speed of attentional performance in comparison to (±)-linalool, but not in comparison to peanut oil, which served as a placebo. Under the same conditions, 1,8-cineol increased respiration rate in comparison to both (±)-linalool and placebo. In the inhalation condition, neither attentional performance nor physiological arousal were affected by the fragrances, but both odorants influenced well-being, i.e., 1,8-cineol decreased activation and (±)-linalool increased it. In contrast, no such effects were observed in the skin application condition. Our results demonstrate that fragrances affect cognitive performance, physiological arousal and well-being as a function of the mode of administration.
Hidden Influences of Crowd Behavior in Crowdfunding: An Experimental Study

Crowdfunding continues to transform ﬁnancing opportunities for many across the globe. While extensive research has explored factors related to fundraising success, less is known about the social signaling mechanisms that lead potential contributors to fund a project. Existing large-scale observational studies point to non-straightforward characteristics of prior contributions (so-called “crowd signals”) that forecast further contributions to a project, albeit without theoretical support for their effectiveness in predicting fundraising success. Here, we translate empirical crowd signals based on variations in the amounts and timings of contributions into mock contribution scenarios that allow us to scrutinize the inﬂuence of essential signals on contributors’ decisions to fund. We conduct two experiments with 1 , 250 subjects who have contributed previously to real crowdfunding projects. The ﬁrst experiment investigates whether high crowd signals, i.e., contributions of varying amounts arriving at unequally spaced time intervals, are making people more likely to contribute to a crowdfunding project. The second experiment further examines the effect of basic competition on the role of the crowd signals. Across both, we observe that high crowd signals attract 19.2% more contributors than low signals. These ﬁndings are robust to different project types, fundraising goals, participants’ interest level in the projects, their altruistic attitudes, and susceptibility to social inﬂuence. Participants’ unguided, post-hoc reﬂections about the reasons behind their choice to fund revealed that most were unaware of their reliance on any crowd signals and instead attributed their decision to nonexistent differences in project descriptions. These results point to the power of crowd signals unbeknownst to those affected by them and lay the groundwork for theory-building, speciﬁcally in relation to the essential signaling that is happening on online platforms.
Interspecific aggression by the Wheatear in a high-mountain passerine community

Etude d'une communaute de passereaux et des relation de dominance-subordination entre les especes. Sept especes sont testes. Les aspects examines sont: l'utilisation des ressources, la densite de population et le degre de recouvrement dans l'exploitation de zones d'alimentation. Les relations entre trois especes, une dominante et deux subordonnees, sont examinees plus attentivement
Catalog of Nicaraguan earthquakes

A documented catalog of 457 Nicaraguan seismic and volcanic events reported for the 453-year period 1520-1973 is presented. Earthquakes range in size from those that caused the destruction of the former capital at Leon in 1609, 1663 and again in 1885 to instrumentally recorded events of small magnitude. The present capital, Managua, was devastated in 1931 and in 1972. Magnitude ranges have been assigned for all events. Although a large number of shocks are listed with magnitudes of 6.0 and greater, none larger than 7.7 is known. The 64-item bibliography is a comprehensive list of source material on Nicaraguan seismicity.
Efectos de la liberalización en la geografía del transporte aéreo en Colombia

La geografia del transporte aereo y del sistema aeroportuario colombiano se ha visto muy influenciada por el desarrollo que ha experimentado la industria a partir de su liberalizacion a principios de la decada de los noventa. Las politicas publicas que siguieron a la liberalizacion de la industria contribuyeron a que, en primer lugar, la red aeroportuaria se modernizara y se expandiera a casi toda la geografia colombiana habitada, y en segundo lugar, dichas politicas propiciaron un dinamico desarrollo y crecimiento del movimiento de pasajeros aereos a muchas de las regiones del pais, generando una verdadera estructura de red del sistema de transporte aereo. Este trabajo de investigacion describe y analiza como la liberalizacion, a traves de las politicas publicas, contribuyo, y lo siguen haciendo en la actualidad, a la configuracion geografica del transporte aereo explicando ademas su desarrollo y dinamica.