Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite and infinite speed of propagation for porous medium equations with nonlocal pressure

We study a porous medium equation with fractional potential pressure: $$ \partial_t u= \nabla \cdot (u^{m-1} \nabla p), \quad p=(-\Delta)^{-s}u, $$ for $m>1$, $0<s<1$ and $u(x,t)\ge 0$. The problem is posed for $x\in \mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq 1$, and $t>0$. The initial data $u(x,0)$ is assumed to be a bounded function with compact support or fast decay at infinity. We establish existence of a class of weak solutions for which we determine whether the property of compact support is conserved in time depending on the parameter $m$, starting from the result of finite propagation known for $m=2$. We find that when $m\in [1,2)$ the problem has infinite speed of propagation, while for $m\in [2,3)$ it has finite speed of propagation. In other words $m=2$ is critical exponent regarding propagation.
Three Greenwich Case Studies in Private Cloud migration and adoption

Cloud Computing Business Framework (CCBF) is a framework for designing and implementation of Could Computing solutions. This paper focuses on how CCBF can help to address migration in Cloud Computing implementations in the Educational domain. The University of Greenwich has three case studies: Sharepoint, Media Server and Supply Chain private clouds to present current status and demonstrate portability to private cloud. These benefits include automation of administrative process, supporting learning and teaching, integration of procurement activities, cost-saving, agility and efficiency improvement. Future work will include Business Integration as a Service (BIaaS) to improve integration and quality of different activities and services.
University of Birmingham Reconsolidation and extinction of an appetitive pavlovian memory

When memories are retrieved, they can enter a labile state during which the memory may be modified and subsequently restabilized through the process of reconsolidation. However, this does not occur in all situations, and certain “boundary conditions” determine whether a memory will undergo reconsolidation. Naïve male lister hooded rats were trained for 5 days to press a lever in order to retrieve a food reward associated with a pavlovian light stimulus. Three days post-training, animals were injected with either MK-801 (0.1mg.kg-1; i.p.) or saline vehicle, 30 minutes before they were placed back into the training context for a retrieval session. Lever pressing was reinforced only by the light stimulus and was restricted to either 10, 30 or 50 presentations of the light conditioned stimulus. After 48 hours, animals were again returned to the boxes and light-reinforced lever-pressing activity was recorded. MK-801-treated animals in the 10CS group significantly reduced lever pressing at test, compared to saline controls. In contrast, MK-801-treated rats in the 50CS group demonstrated a significant increase. There was no effect of MK-801 in the 30CS group. Additionally, there were no effects of MK-801 in an analogous, pure instrumental, setting when the cue lights were omitted. The opposing effects of MK-801 under different parametric conditions likely reflect impairments of appetitive pavlovian memory reconsolidation and extinction, respectively. These results demonstrate a competition between reconsolidation and extinction. However, there are also conditions under which MK-801 fails to impair either process.
Observation of polymer optical fiber fuse

Although high-transmission-capacity optical fibers are in demand, the problem of the fiber fuse phenomenon needs to be resolved to prevent the destruction of fibers. As polymer optical fibers become more prevalent, clarifying their fuse properties has become important. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a fuse propagation velocity of 21.9 mm/s, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude slower than that in standard silica fibers. The achieved threshold power density and proportionality constant between the propagation velocity and the power density are 1/180 of and 17 times the values for silica fibers, respectively. An oscillatory continuous curve instead of periodic voids is formed after the passage of the fuse. An easy fuse termination method is also presented.
Evaluation of the effects of bioaugmentation and biostimulation on natural attenuation and biodegradation pathways of chlorinated compounds in a tidal wetland

Title of Document: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BIOAUGMENTATION AND BIOSTIMULATION ON NATURAL ATTENUATION AND BIODEGRADATION PATHWAYS OF CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS IN A TIDAL WETLAND Emily N. Devillier, Master of Science, 2006 Directed By: Assistant Professor, Jennifer G. Becker, Department of Environmental Science and Technology (formerly Biological Resources Engineering) The usefulness of bioaugmentation and biostimulation in enhancing the natural attenuation of chlorinated ethanes, ethenes, and methanes at a seep site at Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG), MD was tested. The biodegradation of (1) a mixture of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA), tetrachloroethene (PCE), and carbon tetrachloride (CT), or (2) TeCA alone was compared in sediment and groundwater microcosms amended with chlorinated substrates alone, chlorinated substrates and electron donor, or chlorinated substrates, electron donor and a TeCA-degrading enrichment culture. A third experiment evaluated the usefulness of H2 thresholds in determining the importance of co-metabolic and metabolic processes in the biodegradation of chlorinated substrates. Biostimulation alone did not significantly affect chlorinated substrate removal. Biodegradation of TeCA was significantly enhanced by the addition of electron donors coupled with bioaugmentation. However, the presence of other contaminants, especially chlorinated methanes appeared to inhibit TeCA biodegradation, even in the presence of exogenous electron donors and the enrichment culture. H2 thresholds did not prove useful in determining the importance of metabolic and co-metabolic processes in the transformation of CT, PCE, and TeCA; however, evaluating the biodegradation of each chlorinated compound individually provided insight in regards to biodegradation pathways followed and the effects of electron donor substrates on degradation rates. Overall, the results provide evidence that when assessing a site contaminated with a mixture of chlorinated solvents, it is necessary to examine each contaminant individually and as a mixture, in order to develop a successful remediation plan. Evaluation of the Effects of Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation on Natural Attenuation and Biodegradation Pathways of Chlorinated Compounds in a Tidal Wetland
Combining Long Memory and Level Shifts in Modeling and Forecasting the Volatility of Asset Returns

We consider modeling and forecasting a variety of asset return volatility series by adding a random level shift component to the usual long-memory ARFIMA model. We propose a parametric state space model with an accompanying estimation and forecasting framework that combines long memory and level shifts by decomposing the underlying process into a simple mixture model and ARFIMA dynamics. The Kalman filter is used to construct the likelihood function after augmenting the probability of states by a mixture of normally distributed processes. The forecasts are constructed by exploiting the information in the Kalman recursions. The adequacy of the estimation methodology is shown through a simulation study. We apply our model to volatility series categorized in two groups: high frequency based series (tick-by-tick SPY trades and realized volatility on the S&P 500 and 30-year Treasury Bond futures) and longer spans of log-absolute daily returns (S&P 500 returns, Dollar-Aus and Dollar-Yen exchange rates). The full sample estimates show that level shifts are present in all series. A genuine long-memory component is present in measures of volatility constructed using high-frequency data. On the other hand, volatility series proxied by log daily absolute returns are characterized by a remaining short-memory component that is nearly uncorrelated once the level shifts are accounted for. We conduct extensive out-of-sample forecast evaluations and compare the results with four popular competing models. Interestingly, our ARFIMA model with random level shifts is the only model that consistently belongs to the 10% Model Con dence Set of Hansen et al. (2011) for both pairwise and joint comparisons. It does so for all series, forecasting periods, forecast horizons, forecast evaluation criteria and volatility measures. The gains in forecast accuracy can be very pronounced, especially at longer horizons.
Therapeutic Evaluation of Palbociclib and Its Compatibility with Other Chemotherapies in Primary and Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Background: Recent genomic analyses revealed that druggable molecule targets could only be detected in around 6% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Yet, an addiction to dysregulated CDK4/6-cyclinD1 signalling pathway is an essential event in the pathogenesis of NPC. Using our newly established xenografts and cell lines derived from primary, recurrent and metastatic NPC, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a specific CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, and its compatibility with other chemodrugs in treating NPC.Methods: The efficacy of single treatment of palbociclib on NPC models was first evaluated, followed by concurrent treatment with cisplatin or suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA). RNA sequencing was used to profile the related pathways in governing the drug response. Palbociclib-resistant NPC cell lines were also established to demonstrate if cisplatin could be used as a second-line treatment once the cells developed resistance to palbociclib. The efficacy of palbociclib treatment on cisplatin-resistant NPC cells was also examined. Results: Palbociclib single drug treatment was confirmed to have a cell cycle arresting effect of NPC cells in G1 phase in vitro. It also had a significant inhibitory effect in all the 6 NPC tumor models in vivo, with a substantial reduction in total tumor volume and proliferation marker Ki-67. Concurrent use of palbociclib dampened the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin in NPC cells in vitro. Notably, combination of palbociclib with SAHA resulted in synergistic cell death of NPC both in vitro and in vivo. Autophagy-associated cell death was found to be involved in the enhanced tumor growth inhibitory effect in the combined palbociclib+SAHA treatment. NPC cell lines trained to sustain growth in high dose of palbociclib and cisplatin remained sensitive in subsequent treatment of cisplatin or palbociclib respectively.Conclusions: This study provides essential evidences to position palbociclib as an alternative therapeutic option to NPC treatment, and to aware the effective administrative timing of palbociclib with other chemodrugs. The findings give the basis for planning of the first-in-human clinical trials of palbociclib regimens in NPC patients.
Evaluation of cultivars and packing materials during preparation and storage of ber candy

Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana) is known as poor manâ€™s fruit and is rich in protein, phosphorus, calcium, carotene and vitamin-C. The present investigation was conducted at laboratory Department of Post Harvest Technology collage of Horticulture and forestry, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.) during the year 2010-11. The physico-chemical characteristics were evaluated for different caltivars viz., Illaichi, Ponda, Umran, Gola, Banarsi Karaka and Narendra Ber Sel-2. The cultivars physico-chemical composition of ber fruit and organoleptic quality of candies Banarsi Karaka was found best suited among all cultivars for making of candy. Storage studies indicated that LDPE film was better in comparison to glass jar and plastic jar for packaging of ber candy at ambient temperature and candy was found in good condition after 9 months of storage period in LDPE film. The maximum cost benefit ratio of ber candy was found to be 1: 1.25 than packed in LDPE film followed by plastic jar and glass jar.
Emerging Applications of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate: Different Aspects in Drug Delivery and Its Commercial Potential

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) has multi-disciplinary applications spanning across the development of drug delivery systems, in 3D printing, and in tissue engineering, etc. HPMCAS helps in maintaining the drug in a super-saturated condition by inhibiting its precipitation, thereby increasing the rate and extent of dissolution in the aqueous media. HPMCAS has several distinctive characteristics, such as being amphiphilic in nature, having an ionization pH, and a succinyl and acetyl substitution ratio, all of which are beneficial while developing formulations. This review provides insights regarding the various types of formulations being developed using HPMCAS, including amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), amorphous nanoparticles, dry coating, and 3D printing, along with their applicability in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Furthermore, HPMCAS, compared with other carbohydrate polymers, shows several benefits in drug delivery, including proficiency in imparting stable ASD with a high dissolution rate, being easily processable, and enhancing bioavailability. The various commercially available formulations, regulatory considerations, and key patents containing the HPMCAS have been discussed in this review.
University of Birmingham On barrier and modified barrier multigrid methods for 3d topology optimization

One of the challenges encountered in optimization of mechanical structures, in par- ticular in what is known as topology optimization, is the size of the problems, which can easily involve millions of variables. A basic example is the minimum compliance formulation of the vari- able thickness sheet (VTS) problem, which is equivalent to a convex problem. We propose to solve the VTS problem by the penalty-barrier multiplier (PBM) method, introduced by R. Polyak and later studied by Ben-Tal and Zibulevsky and others. The most computationally expensive part of the algorithm is the solution of linear systems arising from the Newton method used to mini- mize a generalized augmented Lagrangian. We use a special structure of the Hessian of this Lagrangian to reduce the size of the linear system and to convert it to a form suitable for a standard multigrid method. This converted system is solved approximately by a multigrid preconditioned minimal residual method. The proposed PBM algorithm is compared with the optimality criteria method and an interior point method, both using a similar iterative solver setup. We apply all three methods to different loading scenarios. In our experiments, the PBM method clearly out- performs the other methods in terms of computation time required to achieve a certain degree of accuracy.
Social summit preview: can the European Pillar of Social Rights deliver on its promises?

A special 'Social Summit' is due to be held in Gothenburg on 17 November, where details of the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) are expected to be announced. Ahead of the summit, Zane Rasnaca suggests a few ways in which the EPSR could move beyond soft law to become something more hard-hitting and effective.
Downward nominal and real wage rigidity : survey evidence from European firms

It has been well established that the wages of individual workers react little, especially downwards, to shocks that hit their employer. This paper presents new evidence from a unique survey of firms across Europe on the prevalence of downward wage rigidity in both real and nominal terms. We analyse which firm-level and institutional factors are associated with wage rigidity. Our results indicate that it is related to workforce composition at the establishment level in a manner that is consistent with related theoretical models (e.g. efficiency wage theory, insideroutsider theory). We also find that wage rigidity depends on the labour market institutional environment. Collective bargaining coverage is positively related with downward real wage rigidity, measured on the basis of wage indexation. Downward nominal wage rigidity is positively associated with the extent of permanent contracts and this effect is stronger in countries with stricter employment protection regulations.
The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—On the Seismic Response of the Valley of Mexico

In order to explain damage and observed ground motions in Mexico City during the 1985 Michoacán earthquake, simultaneous consideration must be given to source, path, and site conditions. This is clear from teleseismic records and local vertical displacements. Incident waves had an important part of energy in the frequency band of 0.3-1 Hz. Damage distribution and observed motion in the lake bed zone cannot be satisfactorily explained using one-dimensional theory. The effects of lateral irregularities are required. To assess its effects we describe the stratigraphic setting of the valley and discuss some features of damage distribution with results for one- and two-dimensional wave propagation models. These are useful to establish on quantitative basis the importance of lateral heterogeneity.
New approaches to forest planning: inventorying and mapping place values in the Pacific Northwest Region.

1 Troy E. Hall is an associate professor, College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho, P.O. Box 441139, Moscow, ID 83844-1139. Jennifer O. Farnum was a research social scientist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory, 400 N 34th St. Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103. Terry C. Slider is a regional landscape architect, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, 333 SW 1st Ave., Portland, OR 97204. Kathy Ludlow is a regional landscape architect (retired), Pacific Northwest Region, 3951 NE 20th Ave., Portland, OR 97212. Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance and toxigenic pro�les of bacteria isolated from tropical shrimps (Farfantepenaeus notialis and Penaeus monodon) in Cameroun

Objective: Post-harvest shrimp losses are a big problem due to the proliferation of spoilage bacteria. Presence and multiplication of these bacteria promotes the emergence of food-borne illnesses. This study was carried out to characterize speci�cs spoilage bacteria from tropical brackish water shrimp and black tiger shrimp shrimps. Result: 22 Bacillus spp ; 09 SCNs staphylococcus and 04 enterobacteria such as 01 Pantoea genus ; 01 Serratia plymutica and 02 Serratia rubidaea have been identi�ed. Resistance and virulence genes were searched. All isolates expressed resistance to at least three of antibiotics tested. 03 strains of enterobacteria were sensible to cetfazidim and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid . Bacillus showed complete susceptibility to Ce�xim, ertapenem and cetfazidim. Staphylocococci were susceptible to clyndamycine. Pantoea spp was resistant to all antibiotics but exhibited intermediate susceptibility to Amoxycyclin-Clavulanic Acid. 04 strains of Staphycolocci were positive to mecA genes. None enterobacteria were positives to tetracycline resistance genes. All the strains of Bacillus contained enterotoxin genes, high prevalence of 21 strain to hemolytic enterotoxins and 17 strains to cell-lyse factor production like sphingomyelinase activities. The majority of Bacillus strains present in the study poses a potential risk of food poisoning due to the prevalence of toxin genes found.
Finite-Temperature Field Theory: Principles and Applications

1. Review of quantum statistical mechanics 2. Functional integral representation of the partition function 3. Interactions and diagrammatic techniques 4. Renormalisation 5. Quantum electrodynamics 6. Linear response theory 7. Spontaneous symmetry breaking and restoration 8. Quantum chromodynamics 9. Resummation and hard thermal loops 10. Lattice gauge theory 11. Dense nuclear matter 12. Hot hadronic matter 13. Nucleation theory 14. Heavy ion collisions 15. Weak interactions 16. Astrophysics and cosmology Conclusion Appendix.
Death and taphonomy of Holocene stromatolites from Lagoa Vermelha, Brazil

Stromatolites are laminated rocks, comprising both authigenic and allochthonous materials, which arise under strong influence of both microorganisms and environmental conditions. Growing stromatolites are rare nowadays, limiting our understanding on how microbial mats produce stro-matolites. Stromatolites from Lagoa Vermelha in Brazil were claimed as living, lithifying structures several years ago, but recently have been reported as dead, bleached skeletons. Here we confirm that they are currently not forming new laminae. This was confirmed by the absence of the microbial mat coat, enabling colonization of exposed surfaces by barnacles, boring cyanobacteria, and burrowing metazoans,whichcontributedtoerosionandlossofsomeoriginalfeatureswhileaddingnew,distinct biomarkers.
Urban Structure Matters: Residential Location, Car Dependence and Travel Behaviour

Preface List of Figures List of Tables 1. Why is Knowledge about Urban Form and Travel Needed? 2. Urban Structures as Contributory Causes of Travel Behavior - A Theoretical Perspective 3. The Case of Copenhagen Metropolitan Area - Context and Research Methods 4. The "Car Tires" and the "Bike Hub": Typical Mobility Patterns in Different Parts of the Metropolitan Area 5. How does Urban Structure Motivate Daily-Life Travel Behavior? - Examples from Qualitative Interviews 6. Which Relationships Exist between Residential Location and Travel Behavior after Controlling for Demographic, Socioeconomic and Attitudinal Factors? 7. How does Residential Location Influence Location of Activities, Trip Lengths, Activity Participation and Travel Time? 8. Are there Additional, Indirect Effects of Residential Location on Travel? 9. Does Residential Location Influence Daily-Life Travel Differently among Different Population Groups? 10. Are Short Daily Trips Compensated by Higher Leisure Mobility? 11. Conclusions from the Copenhagen Metropolitan Area Study 12. Urban Form and Travel Behavior - A Wider Sustainability Perspective 13. Planning for a Sustainable and less Car-Dependent Urban Development References Appendix: The Independent Variables Included in Most of the Multivariate Analyses of the Main Survey Index Notes
DISTRIBUTION, GENESIS AND THERMAL BEHAVIOUR OF CLAY MINERALS IN THE MIOCENE ARGILLACEOUS ROCKS IN QATAR, ARABIAN GULF

XRD and DT A were utilized to investigate quantitatively the clay-mineral composition of the argillaceous rocks in four Miocene stratigraphic sequences located in western and southwestern Qatar. These rocks belong to the Dam Formation and are more concentrated in its lower Member "A" than in the overlying Member "B" which is dominated by a carbonate-evaporite facies. The reported clay-mineral suite consists of (in order of decreasing abundance): illite, kaolinite, attapulgite and Ca, Mg-montmorillonite. Illite and kaolinite are intimately associated and their crystallinity characters at a given stratigraphic horizon are closely similar. Well-crystallized attapulgite is present mainly in the marlstones especially those associated with evaporites. The occurrence of montmorillonite is restricted to the siltstones occupying the base of Member "A". Generally, Member "B" sequence consists of three thick illite-attapulgite-kaolinite zones alternating with two thin illite-kaolinite zones. Evidently, illite and kaolinite were formed by detrital inheritance from weathering horizons and/or soils on the Precambrian rocks in western Saudi Arabia. Montmorillonite seems to have been neoformed in the basin of deposition under conditions of alkalinity and high AI'+/Mg'"t ratios. It is also probable that the mineral was formed diagenetically through hydration of illite by pore solutions having high H+/K+ ratios. Attapulgite had also originated in the basin of deposition mostly by alteration of montmorillonite and/or magnesium-rich debris derived from weathered basic igneous rocks.