Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cosmological Model without Singularity and its Explanation for Evolution of the Universe and the natures of Huge Voids

The new conjectures are proposed that there are s-matter and v-matter which are symmetric and whose gravitational masses are opposite to each other. There are two sorts of symmetry breaking modes called V-breaking and S-breaking, respectively. In the V-breaking, v-particles get their masses and form v-galaxies etc., while s-fermions and s-gauge bosons are still massless and form s-SU(5) color-single states which loosely distribute in space and cause space to expand with an acceleration: The curvature factor K in the RW metric is regarded as a function of gravitational mass density in the comoving coordinates. In the S-breaking, space contracts and causes temperature to rise. When it reaches the critical temperature, masses of all particles are zero. Thus s-particles and v-particles transform from one to another so that the gravitational mass density is zero. Consequently space ination occurs. After the reheating process, the state with the highest symmetry transits into the V-breaking: In the V-breaking, space rst expands with a deceleration; then comes to static, and nally expands with an acceleration up to now. The cosmological constant is determined to be zero, although the energy density of the vacuum state is still large. There is no space-time singularity in the present model. There are the critical temperature, the highest temperature and the least scale in the universe. The new equations of structure formation have been derived. A huge v-voids is not empty, in which there must be s-matter with its bigger density, and which is equivalent to a huge concave lens. The density of hydrogen in the huge voids must be more less than that predicted by the conventional theory. The gravitation between two galaxies distant enough will be less than that predicted by the conventional theory. It is possible that a v-black hole with its big enough mass and density can transform into a huge white hole by its self-gravitation. Nucleosynthesis and CMBR are explained. Space-time is open or K 0 to w<-1.
Career of Working Women in Banking Sector

The performance of occupational roles of women is gaining wide recognition across the world. A woman employee whatever the job she holds, is equal in efficiency and performance as the male employee in identical employment situations. So an attempt is made in this paper to analyse the career patterns of the women employees with a view to provide a necessary backdrop for the analysis of the findings pertaining to the careers of women employees in banking industry and their role in bank transactions. Interview schedule was chosen to elicit data from 250 women employees working in various banks located at Bangalore, based on simple random sampling. Findings reveal that most of the women employees have never thought of banking profession in their life and straight away pushed into it without any predetermination. With regard to transfers the analysis reveals that majority of the women employees in banks were reluctant to get transfers in their occupational career and further it is also found that the women employees in banking sector with rural background appear to have a shorter span of career compared to their urban counterparts.
instru-Determination of Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Human Urine by Automated Solid-Phase Extraction, Derivatization, and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are highly toxic but used commonly worldwide, nevertheless. Their urinary dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites are widely used for exposure assessment of OP pesticides in humans. We previously developed an analytical method to measure urinary DAPs utilizing solid-phase extraction (SPE)-derivatization-gas chromatography– tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS–MS) with quantification using isotope-dilution technique. We now present a more cost-effective yet highly accurate method that can be easily adaptable to many laboratories for routine OP exposure assessment. This method is simple and fast and involves automated SPE of the metabolites followed by derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and quantification by GC–MS. Dibutyl phosphate (DBP) serves as the internal standard. The detection limits for the six metabolites ranged from 0.1 to 0.15 ng/mL. Depending on the metabolite the relative standard deviation of the analytical procedure was 2–15% for the metabolites. We compared performance of DBP as an internal standard with that of isotope-labeled compounds and found that DBP gives reliable results for the analytical procedure. We also optimized reaction parameters of pentafluorobenzylation. these metabolites provides information on cumulative exposure to OP pesticides as a class although the metabolites cannot be directly associated with a given pesticide (33). The majority of analytical methods for DAP determination involve the isolation of the metabolites from the sample matrix followed by derivatization and quantification using a variety of isolation techniques, derivatizing agents, and instrumenta-tion (33). We previously developed a simple, highly sensitive, selective, accurate, and high-throughput automated solid-phase extraction (SPE)-postextraction derivatization-gas chro-matography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS–MS) method to measure DAP metabolites (34). However, there are two lim-itations in its applicability as a universal method. It calls for expensive isotopically labeled internal standards and highly sophisticated, high-cost instrumentation, such as a tandem MS, that are not affordable to many. To this end, we set out to develop a method that uses more commonly available instru-Determination Abstract
Simulate d sunlight-induce d inactivation of tetracycline resistant bacteria and effects of dissolved organic matter

The transmission of antibiotic resistance in surface water has attracted much attention due to its increas- ing threat to human health. The role of sunlight irradiation and the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the transmission of antibiotic resistance are still unclear. In this study, photo-inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) was investigated using antibiotic resistant E. coli (AR E. coli ) that con-tained the tetracycline resistance gene (Tc-ARG) as a representative. The results showed that AR E. coli underwent signiﬁcant photo-inactivation due to the membrane damage induced by direct irradiation and by the generated reactive oxygen species. Simulated sunlight irradiation speciﬁcally suppressed the ex- pression of tetracycline resistance, which is attributed to the destruction of tetracycline-speciﬁc eﬄux pump. Tetracycline inhibited the photo-inactivation of AR E. coli due to its selective pressure on tetracy- cline resistant E. coli and competitive light absorption effect. Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), a repre-sentative DOM, promoted the inactivation of AR E. coli and further inhibited the expression of tetracycline resistance gene due to the generation of its excited triplet state, singlet oxygen, and hydroxyl radical. The extracellular Tc-ARG also underwent fast photodegradation under light irradiation and in the presence of SRFA, which leads to the decrease of its transformation eﬃciency. This study provided insight into the sunlight-induced inactivation of ARB, which is of signiﬁcance for understanding the transmission of tetracycline resistance in surface water.
A comparative study of Pentacam indices in various types and severities of refractive error in candidates for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery

This study aimed to specify Pentacam indices in patients who suffered from different types of refractive error and underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 1125 patients (2215 eye samples) who underwent PRK surgery in the Noor Surgical Center of Ardabil, Iran, over a 5 year period (2014–2018). A particular checklist was provided to patients, which consisted of demographic data, pachymetry test, keratometry, refractive error, corneal-thickness indices, and corneal surface area indices. The data were analysed using the statistical analysis package of IBM® V25. The mean age of the participants in this study was 28.48±6.82 years, and the ratio of women to men was 66.4%. It was observed that the differences between angle, volume, the depth of the anterior chamber, IVA, and ISV were significant (P=0.00) when compared to each other in all types of refractive errors. High myopes had significantly higher Kmax front than low myopes (P=0.00). In astigmatism patients, the Kmax in front of the cornea in extreme type was significantly higher than in moderate (P=0.00) and high (P=0.01) types. High myopes had significantly lower Rmin than mild myopes (P=0.02), and extreme astigmatism had significantly lower Rmin than high (P=0.014) and moderate types (P=0.013). The data from this study revealed that in patients undergoing PRK surgery, some Pentacam indices could be related to some types of refractive error, and in some of these indices, there are statistically significant differences between different severities of refractive errors. Therefore, their preoperative evaluation is very important.
The distribution of the inferior hypogastric plexus in female pelvis

Elements that comprise the inferior hypogastric plexus are difficult to expose, intricate, and highly variable and can easily be damaged during local surgical procedures. We aimed to highlight, through dissection, the origin, formation, and distribution of the hypogastric nervous structures and follow them in the female pelvis. We performed detailed dissections on 7 female formalin-fixed cadavers, focusing on structures surrounding the pelvic organs. For each hemipelvis, we removed the peritoneum from the pelvic floor, and after we identified the hypogastric nerves, we continued our dissection towards the inferior hypogastric plexuses, following the branches of the latter. Laterorectally, the hypogastric nerves form the inferior hypogastric plexus, a variable structure – nervous lamina, neuronal network (more frequently), or sometimes a combination of them. We identified three components of the inferior hypogastric plexus. The anterior bundle travels towards the base of the urinary bladder, the middle part innervates the uterus and the vagina, and the posterior segment provides the innervation of the rectum. The plexus can be identified after removing the pelvic peritoneum and the subperitoneal adipose tissue. Intraoperatively, the structures can be preserved by using an immediately-subperitoneal dissection plane. The variable branches are relatively well-organized around the pelvic vessels, supplying the urinary bladder, the genital organs, and the rectum. The ureter is surrounded by some branches, especially in its last segment, and it also receives innervation directly from the hypogastric nerve. Close to the viscera, the nerves enter neurovascular plexuses, making the intraoperative separation of the nerves and the vessels virtually impossible.
Performance Analysis of LAR and Fisheye Routing Protocols in Different Environments

—Mobile Ad hoc Network is an autonomous and decentralized network formed by wireless devices. Each device dynamically participates into the network and exits from it as they wish. Therefore establishing route in each situation is a difficult task. The big challenge in MANETs is to analyze the suitability of a routing protocol in various situations. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of two well known routing protocols namely LAR and Fisheye state routing protocols in different placement environments. The experimental evaluation is performed using the Qualnet 7.0 simulator. The performance analysis is done in the QoS metrics mainly jitter, end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio. The simulation result reveals that LAR protocol is better in random environment and fisheye state routing protocol is preferable in Grid environment.
Semliki Forest Virus Nonstructural Protein 2 Is Involved in Suppression of the Type I Interferon Response (cid:1)

The type I interferons (IFNs) are potent mediators of antiviral immunity, and many viruses have developed means to block their expression or their effects. Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infection induces rapid and profound silencing of host cell gene expression, a process believed to be important for the inhibition of the IFN response. In SFV-infected cells, a large proportion of the nonstructural protein nsp2 is found in the nucleus, but a role for this localization has not been described. In this work we demonstrate that a viral mutant, SFV4-RDR, in which the nuclear localization sequence of nsp2 has been rendered inactive, induces a signif-icantly more robust IFN response in infected cells. This mutant virus replicates at a rate similar to that of the parental SFV4 strain and also shuts off host cell gene expression to similar levels, indicating that the general cellular shutoff is not responsible for the inhibition of IFN expression. Further, the rate of virus-induced nuclear translocation of early IFN transcription factors was not found to differ between the wild-type and mutant viruses, indicating that the effect of nsp2
Genome-Wide Analysis of the RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6/DICER-LIKE4 Pathway in Arabidopsis Reveals Dependency on miRNA- and tasiRNA-Directed Targeting

Posttranscriptional RNA silencing of many endogenous transcripts, viruses, and transgenes involves the RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6/DICER-LIKE4 (RDR6/DCL4)-dependent short interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana contains several families of trans -acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs) that form in 21-nucleotide phased arrays through the RDR6/DCL4-dependent pathway and that negatively regulate target transcripts. Using deep sequencing technology and computational approaches, the phasing patterns of known tasiRNAs and tasiRNA-like loci from across the Arabidopsis genome were analyzed in wild-type plants and silencing-defective mutants. Several gene transcripts were found to be routed through the RDR6/DCL4-dependent pathway after initial targeting by one or multiple miRNAs or tasiRNAs, the most con-spicuous example of which was an expanding clade of genes encoding pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis using Populus trichocarpa revealed evidence for small RNA–mediated regulatory mechanisms within a similarlyexpandedgroupof PPR genes.Wesuggestthatposttranscriptionalsilencingmechanismsoperateonanevolutionary scale to buffer the effects of rapidly expanding gene families.
Age-related changes in the ease of dynamical transitions in human brain activity. Human Brain Mapping 39 (6),

Executive functions, a set of cognitive processes that enable flexible behavioral control, are known to decay 2 with aging. Because such complex mental functions are considered to rely on the dynamic coordination of 3 functionally different neural systems, the age-related decline in executive functions should be underpinned 4 by alteration of large-scale neural dynamics. However, the effects of age on brain dynamics have not been 5 firmly formulated. Here, we investigate such age-related changes in brain dynamics by applying “energy 6 landscape analysis” to publicly available functional magnetic resonance imaging data from healthy younger 7 and older human adults. We quantified the ease of dynamical transitions between different major patterns of 8 brain activity, and estimated it for the default mode network (DMN) and the cingulo-opercular network 9 (CON) separately. We found that the two age groups shared qualitatively the same trajectories of brain 10 dynamics in both the DMN and CON. However, in both of networks, the ease of transitions was significantly 11 smaller in the older than the younger group. Moreover, the ease of transitions was associated with the 12 performance in executive function tasks in a doubly dissociated manner: for the younger adults, the ability of 13 executive functions was mainly correlated with the ease of transitions in the CON, whereas that for the older 14 adults was specifically associated with the ease of transitions in the DMN. These results provide direct 15 biological evidence for age-related changes in macroscopic brain dynamics and suggest that such neural 16 dynamics play key roles when individuals carry out cognitively demanding tasks. between the efficiency and executive scores (see Supporting Information ). These results suggest that the observed effects are specific to networks relevant to executive functioning.
Low-Cost Optical System for Pressure Measurements Within a Combustion Chamber of an Internal Combustion Engine

— This contribution presents a novel low-cost approach to interrogation of short cavity Fabry-Perot optical fiber sensors and their use for pressure measurements in a combustion chamber of a petrol or diesel engine. The optical fiber sensor interrogation system is based on laser diodes with different wavelengths. Reflectance from Fabry-Perot sensors at three different wavelengths was observed to determine the cavity length, using specially developed signal processing algorithms. The interrogation system was evaluated statically and dynamically. It is shown that the interrogation system has a resolution of about 2 nm and bandwidth of 16 kHz. Two sensor designs were studied and evaluated in both the laboratory environment and in a combustion chamber of the engine. Both sensor designs are executed on the tip of the optical fiber, with etching, cleaving and splicing of spe-cial optical fibers.
Isolation and identification of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) Escherichia colifrom minced camel meat in Eastern province, Saudi Arabia

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolation from minced camel meat and identify the phenotype and genotype of the ESBL. A total of 150 samples were collected randomly from butchers’ shops in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. The results indicated that, overall, 17 (11.3 %) E. coli isolates were recovered from the minced meat samples. The isolates were classified biochemically at the species level using the VITEK 2 system. The antibiotic susceptibility of E. coli isolates was determined based on their MIC profile. The highest resistance was determined to be ampicillin (64.7%), doxycycline (23.5%), cefotaxime (23.5%) and ciprofloxacin (17.6%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was determined in four isolates. Screening of the 17 isolates for ESBLs revealed that, four strains were resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime. A combination disk test (CDT) was used for ESBL phenotype conformation. The ESBL-encoding genes were characterized by PCR. The four isolates produced CTX-M group- 1 ESBLs. The bla S HV gene was detected in one isolate and blaTEM in two isolates. The eaeA gene was detected in 3 isolates, stx2 gene in two isolates with the h lyA gene in one isolate. It can be concluded that there is clear evidence of the circulation of ESBLs producing E. coli in the minced camel meat. A high resistance was determined to ampicillin and doxycycline. The molecular detection of virulence genes may suggest the transmission of foodborne illness to consumers.
Promoting Public Transportation for Women: A Review of Factors Affecting the Mobility

Globalization, urbanization, motorization, and socio-demographic transition have transformed travel pattern in particular in the growing mobility concerns on female public transportation user. Women mobility has been an interest in social and transportation studies due to the arising numbers of women working and travelling. The diversity social roles of women nowadays in family and workplace strongly define the travel-activity pattern of women. Hence, this paper aims to review factors affecting women mobility at the Light Railway Transit (LRT) stations. It is found that the factors affecting mobility of women users are significantly towards the facilities and the distance of the station to their destination. The preliminary survey also suggests the study of women behavior and their mobility are significant to promote the use of public transportation for women.
Qualitative Characteristics of an Accounting Information System inside a Financial Corporation: A Case Study on Multi-Method Information at Haines Watts Corporation

:- With the vast amount of data, and databases across the globe being used in all facets of human life, we can say this century is known as the information era. The qualitative features of accounting information systems are important because they make it easier for both company management and local investors to utilize a company’s financial recitals to make well-informed choices. This study attempts to elucidate the information quality in accounting systems, specifically with Haines Watts financial corporation in London, the United Kingdom, as a case study. This article presents real-life data regarding the role of accounting information in making economic decisions at different levels by its users at Haines Watts via analyses of its accounting standards, the current level of implementation, and overall accounting practices. Indeed, the necessity for a well-organized information system is imperative with today's economic and technological advances. Therefore, information quality is becoming more prominent in providing data to enterprises while undertaking planning and controlling tasks. The aim of this study is to address the qualitative characteristics and attributes, as well as their limitations. The focused area is accounting and management information systems. Poor quality information inevitably comes from errors made with computer software programs and human errors, and this poor-quality information affects companies’ decision-making processes which is crucial for the future outlook and reputation of the company. The purpose of this article is also to review the impact of qualitative characteristics of accounting information on the decision-making processes with real-life examples; furthermore, this study has no direct implications for legal accounting practices, but it may offer several guidelines as a basis for prospective scholarly studies on accounting information accuracy inside the international financial domain.