Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Improved Approximation Algorithm for Dynamic Minimum Linear Arrangement

The dynamic offline linear arrangement problem deals with reordering n elements subject to a sequence of edge requests. The input consists of a sequence of m edges (i.e., unordered pairs of elements). The output is a sequence of permutations (i.e., bijective mapping of the elements to n equidistant points). In step t , the order of the elements is changed to the t -th permutation, and then the t -th request is served. The cost of the output consists of two parts per step: request cost and rearrangement cost. The former is the current distance between the endpoints of the request, while the latter is proportional to the number of adjacent element swaps required to move from one permutation to the consecutive permutation. The goal is to find a minimum cost solution. We present a deterministic O (log n log log n )-approximation algorithm for this problem, improving over a randomized O (log 2 n )-approximation by Olver et al. [22]. Our algorithm is based on first solving spreading-metric LP relaxation on a time-expanded graph, applying a tree decomposition on the basis of the LP solution, and finally converting the tree decomposition to a sequence of permutations. The techniques we employ are general and have the potential to be useful for other dynamic graph optimization problems.
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Potency of Polyherbal Gel Formulation Containing Achyranthes Aspera and Trachyspermum Ammi as Intracanal Medicament: An In Vitro Study

Statement of the Problem: The overwhelming increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the adverse reactions of using synthetic drugs such as chlorhexidine (CHX) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH 2 ))- based intracanal medicaments have made it mandatory to search for effective substitutes. Herbal medicines like Achyranthes aspera
The Characteristics of Cloud Macro Parameters Caused by Seeder-Feeder 1 Process inside Clouds Measured by Millimeter-wave Cloud Radar in 2 Xi'an ， China

7 The seeding effect of upper clouds on lower clouds affects the evolution of clouds, especially the seeding from 8 upper ice clouds on lower stratiform clouds or convective clouds, which can stimulate the precipitation of lower 9 clouds and even produce extreme precipitation. Because when seeders of seeding cloud enter the feeding cloud, the 10 interaction between cloud particles results in the change of macro and micro parameters of the feeding cloud. Based 11 on the observation data of the ground-based Ka-band millimeter-wave cloud radar (MMCR) and microwave 12 radiometer (MWR) in spring and autumn from 2021 to 2022, the seeder-feeder phenomenon among double-layer 13 clouds in Xi'an, China, was studied. The study on 11cases of seeder-feeder processes shows that the processes can 14 be divided into three categories by defining the height difference (HD) between the seeding cloud base and the 15 feeding cloud top, and the effective seeding depth (ESD). Through the analysis on the reflectivity factor and the radial 16 velocity of cloud particles detected by MMCR and on the retrieved cloud dynamics parameters (vertical velocity of 17 airflow and terminal velocity of cloud particles), it is shown that the reflectivity factor in the cloud is significantly 18 enhanced during the seeder-feeder period for the three types of processes. But the magnitudes of the enhancements 19 among the three seeder-feeder processes are different. The results also showed the limited depth as seeders entering 20 the top of the feeding cloud. The lower the height and thinner the thickness of the HD, the lower the height and 21 thicker the thickness of ESD; On the contrary, the higher the height and the thicker the thickness of the HD, the 22 higher the height and the thinner the thickness of the ESD.
PAPER Only self-generated actions create sensori-motor systems in the developing brain

Previous research shows that sensory and motor systems interact during perception, but how these connections among systems are created during development is unknown. The current work exposes young children to novel ‘ verbs ’ and objects through either (a) actively exploring the objects or (b) by seeing an experimenter interact with the objects. Results demonstrate that the motor system is recruited during auditory perception only after learning involved self-generated interactions with objects. Action observation itself led to above-baseline activation in one motor region during visual perception, but was still significantly less active than after self-generated action. Therefore, in the developing brain, associations are built upon real-world interactions of body and environment, leading to sensori-motor representations of both objects and words.
SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research SMU Journal of Undergraduate Research

A BSTRACT Underrepresented-student groups experience unique challenges throughout their college experience, the impacts of which can be assessed by measuring students’ levels of thriving. The purpose of this study was to understand the thriving of underrepresented college students—first-generation, international, and transfer students, specifically. To understand this, we sought to measure students’ thriving levels and determine the experiences contributing to or detracting from their perception of thriving. This study utilized a sequential exploratory design using the established 72-item thriving quotient survey to measure students’ overall thriving levels. In addition, the study utilized a qualitative content analysis on an open-ended question asking participants to describe contributory experiences. The results show variation among first-generation, international, and transfer students. Our findings reveal first-generation students to have the lowest overall levels of thriving among the underrepresented-student groups, international students to suffer most in social connectedness, and transfer students to be thriving the most. Finally, our content analysis reveals six emergent themes of experiences contributing to the students’ perception of their thriving levels: university support, policies, and procedures; faculty and assignments; life events; concern over money and finances; self-confidence; and belonging.
Propagation et diffusion Radar microondes par une surface de mer en incidence rasante et dans un milieu stratifié

Dans cet article, pour des incidences rasantes et aux frequences Radar microondes, le probleme de la diffusion electromagnetique par une surface de mer et de la propagation dans un milieu stratifie (conduit au-dessus de la mer) est resolu conjointement a l'aide d'une methode rigoureuse, basee sur la resolution des equations integrales par une Methode des Moments (MdM). La propagation dans un milieu atmospherique stratifie (conduit) est traitee par une fonction de Green calculee analytiquement pour un indice de refraction au carre suivant une loi affine. Puis, le probleme de diffraction par la surface de mer est resolu numeriquement en injectant cette fonction de Green dans les equations integrales. Puisque le phenomene de guidage de l'onde Radar diffusee par la surface est observe sur une longue distance (le gradient de l'indice de refraction est tres faible devant l'unite), une methode rapide iterative stationnaire est utilisee pour reduire les ressources informatiques necessaires a la resolution du systeme lineaire de grande dimension (matrice impedance a inverser de taille 200 0002 et plus). Ainsi, connaissant les courants sur la surface de mer, le champ total en tout point dans le conduit est calcule a l'aide du principe d'Huygens. Des resultats presentant les puissances diffusees coherente et incoherente sont montres puis compares avec ceux calcules par la methode PWE (Parabolic Wave Equation), resolue par la methode SSF (Split-Step Fourier).
Effects of vortex structure on performance characteristics of a multiblade fan with inclined tongue

The effects of complex vortex structure on the internal flow and performance of a centrifugal fan with inclining symmetrical volute tongue were investigated by numerical simulations. The comparison between experimental results and numerical results on performance of a centrifugal fan is presented. To provide a quantitative analysis on the vortex structure in the internal flow of fan, Q criterion as a rule of vortex decision is implemented. Effects on vortex structure and X-velocity of the volute outlet are analyzed by modifying clearance and radius. It is analyzed to provide insight into the performance of the centrifugal fan. Special attention is devoted to the influence of the static pressure and efficiency of the fan by increasing radius of the volute tongue, changing tongue clearance and inclining volute tongue in this paper. The results also show that the static pressure of model B rises as much as 10.59 Pa and the efficiency can be improved by more than 4% compared with the original configuration due to the reduction of flow loss. It is further found that the static pressure efficiency increases with decreasing Q value distribution in the internal flow of the fan.
Factors limiting consumer’s preference towards the online shopping; a critical analysis

Many consumers worry about the safety of their personal and financial information when making online transactions. Cases of data breaches and cyber-attacks have made some people hesitant to share their details online, which can act as a significant deterrent. Another key factor is the inability to physically in-spect products. Unlike traditional brick-and-mortar stores, online shoppers can't touch, feel, or try on items before purchasing them. This lack of physical interaction can lead to uncertainty about the quality and suitability of the products, making some consumers hesitant to buy. Shipping and delivery issues can also be limiting factors. Consumers may worry about delays, shipping costs, or the possibility of receiving damaged or incorrect items. The convenience of online shopping can be offset by these concerns, leading some individuals to prefer in-store purchases where they can take their items home immediately. Additionally, the absence of face-to-face interactions with sales associates can limit consumers' ability to ask questions, seek advice, or receive personalized recommendations. While online retailers provide chat support and customer service, some customers may still miss the in-person assistance offered by traditional stores. Finally, for some consumers, the digital divide is a significant limitation. Not everyone has access to the internet, the necessary devices, or the digital literacy required for online shopping. This lack of access can exclude a portion of the population from participating in e-commerce. In conclusion, while online shopping offers many advantages, factors such as security concerns, the inability to physically inspect products, shipping issues, the absence of in-person interactions, and the digital divide can limit some consumers from fully embracing this retail method. Ad-dressing these concerns and enhancing the online shopping experience is essential for e-commerce platforms to attract a broader customer base.
HYDRO-INTELLIGENT AGRO-ALIMENTARY: SENSORS FOR PRECISION FARMING

Introduction For every different aspect of the precision farming (irrigation, fertilization, etc.), the concept of Site Specific Crop Management (SSCM) is implied, i.e. the knowledge of the variability of soil and yield. In the context of Hydro-Intelligent Agro-Alimentary project — supported by POR-FESR 2014-2020 Regione Emilia-Romagna, Progetti di r cerca industriale strategica Asse1, Azione 1.2. 2 — the application of SSCM regar ds the management of water resources, in particular the analysis and the evaluation of th e water content of the soil or the water requirement of the plant and the differentiated res pon e in terms of selective irrigation. The prerequisite for the application of precision agric ulture is represented by the need to define the areas or management maps that have traditionally be en produced by drawing polygons on yield maps, or aerial and satellite images. In the context of precision farming, the optimization of irrigation is based on experiential assessments of agronomist or farmer himself. Basically there are irrigation recommendations and technologi es for irrigation by variable rate (rain and hose), but in practice their application is always mediated and at the discretion of the user. At present, the contribution of modern technologies to the definition of management map is represented by machines (tractors) and aircraft, dr ones equipped with various types of sensors that can contribute to the analysis of water status with multispectral measurements of leaf force from which it follows the calculation of the coefficient of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). Today’s challenge is to produce a map of management aimed to irrigation based on a scientifically reliable de tection of environmental data (water stress) and to interface that map with a differentiated, in space and in time, irrigation system [1].
A Mapping on Current Classifying Categories of Emotions Used in Multimodal Models for Emotion Recognition

In Emotion Detection within Natural Language Processing and related multimodal research, the growth of datasets and models has led to a challenge: disparities in emotion classification methods. The lack of commonly agreed upon conventions on the classification of emotions creates boundaries for model comparisons and dataset adaptation. In this paper, we compare the current classification methods in recent models and datasets and propose a valid method to combine different emotion categories. Our proposal arises from experiments across models, psychological theories, and human evaluations, and we examined the effect of proposed mapping on models.
DigitalCommons@SHU DigitalCommons@SHU

The Internet has become a key marketing channel for tourist destinations. To identify typical features of destination websites, a content analysis of websites for top global destinations — by number of international arrivals — was conducted. Six factors were evaluated: primary focus, navigation and interactivity, visual and presentation style, textual information, use of advertising, and use of social media and travel aids. In addition, a cluster analysis was conducted to identify homogeneous groups of websites in the sample. The ﬁndings revealed three naturally occurring groups. Inter-cluster differences suggest that DMOs use different approaches to target potential visitors, as evidenced by websites ranging from purely informative and simply designed to highly commerce-oriented and visually alluring. Based on the exploratory analyses, a conventional wisdom for destination website design is proposed.
mPage: Probabilistic Gradient Estimator With Momentum for Non-Convex Optimization

The probabilistic gradient estimator (PAGE) algorithm allows switching between vanilla SGD and variance-reduced methods in a flexible probabilistic manner. This motivates us to develop novel momentum-based algorithms for non-convex finite-sum problems. Specifically, we replace SGD with momentum acceleration in PAGE, and the momentum term is integrated in the inner and outer parts of the gradient estimator, named mPAGE-l and mPAGE-O, respectively. Furthermore, we propose a unified algorithmic framework for momentum variants to cover mPAGE-I and mPAGE-O, denoted as mPAGE. For non-convex objectives, we establish a unified analysis of mPAGE and show that the mPAGE algorithms sublinearly converge to an $\epsilon$-accurate solution with a high probability. By choosing an appropriate probability, the well-known stochastic gradient complexity bound is also achieved. Additionally, mPAGE can degenerate into widely used optimization algorithms, such as SGD, SHB, and PAGE, demonstrating the generality and effectiveness of our theoretical analysis. Finally, numerical experiments validate the benefits of mPAGE methods and support our theoretical findings.
A Comprehensive Feature Engineering Approach for Breast Cancer Dataset

Breast cancer continues to pose a significant challenge in the field of healthcare, serving as the primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women on a global scale. The present study aims to investigate the intricate relationship between breast cancer, statistical analysis, and feature engineering. By conducting an extensive analysis of a comprehensive dataset and employing sophisticated statistical methodologies, this research endeavor aims to unveil concealed insights that can enrich the medical community's existing knowledge base. Through the implementation of rigorous feature selection and extraction methodologies, the overarching aim is to augment the comprehension of breast cancer. Moreover, the study showcases the successful incorporation of univariate and bivariate analysis in order to enhance the accuracy of diagnostic procedures. The convergence of these disciplines exhibits considerable promise in the realm of breast cancer detection and prediction, facilitating cooperative endeavours aimed at addressing this widespread malignancy.
FLORA AND VEGETATION OF THE MOHAWK DUNES, ARIZONA

One-hundred twenty-two species of seed plants, representing 95 genera and 35 families are documented for the 7,700 ha Mohawk Dune Field and its immediate surroundings, located in Yuma County, Arizona, USA. Three major habitats were studied: dunes, adjacent sand flats, and playa. The dunes (including interdune swales) support 78 species, of which 13 do not occur on the adjacent non-dune habitats. The adjacent non-dune habitats (sand flats and playa) support 109 species, of which 43 were not found on the dunes. The total flora has 81 annual species, or 66% of the flora. The dune flora has 63 annual (ephemeral) species, or 81% of the flora—one of the highest percentages of annuals among any regional flora. Of these dune annuals, 53 species (84%) develop during the cool season. No plant taxon is endemic to the Mohawk region. There are 8 dune, or sand adapted, endemics— Cryptantha ganderi, Dimorphocarpa pinnatifida, Dicoria canescens, Ditaxis serrata, Pleuraphis rigida, Psorothamnus emoryi, Stephanomeria schottii, Tiquilia plicata—all of which are found on nearby dune systems. Two of them (C. ganderi and S. schottii) are of limited distribution, especially in the USA, and have G2 Global Heritage Status Rank. There are four non-native species in the dune flora (Brassica tournefortii, Mollugo cerviana, Sonchus asper, Schismus arabicus), but only Brassica and Schismus seem to pose serious threats to the dune ecosystem at this time. The Mohawk Dune field is within the Lower Colorado Valley phytogeographic region of the Sonoran Desert and located within the Barry M. Goldwater Military Range. This unique dune system, largely unaffected by human activities, is recommended as a site for baseline studies of plant migrations and population dynamics affected by global climatic change.
Impact of Tropical Cyclones on the Global Ocean: Results from Multidecadal Global Ocean Simulations Isolating Tropical Cyclone Forcing

Tropical cyclone (TC)-induced ocean vertical mixing can alter the upper-ocean temperature structure, influencing ocean heat content variability and meridional ocean heat transport. TC–ocean interactions can influence tropical variability on seasonal to interannual time scales. Here the impacts of TCs on the global ocean and the associated feedbacks are investigated using a hierarchy of high-resolution global ocean model simulations featuring the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The aim is to understand the potential impact of the model’s self-generated transient TC events on the modeled global ocean. Two ocean-only simulations are performed using the atmosphere boundary conditions from a fully coupled preindustrial CESM simulation configured with 0.25° atmosphere resolution and the nominal 1° ocean resolution (with ~0.25° meridional resolution in the tropics). The high-resolution coupled model is capable of directly simulating TC events with wind structure and climatology generally consistent with observations. TC effects at the ocean–atmosphere boundary are filtered out in one of the ocean simulations (OCN_FILT) while fully retained in the other (OCN_TC) in order to isolate the effect of the TCs on regional and global ocean variability across multiple time scales (from intraseasonal to interdecadal). Results show that the model-simulated TCs can 1) alter surface and subsurface ocean temperature patterns and variability; 2) affect ocean energetics, including increasing ocean mixed layer depth and strengthening subtropical gyre and meridional overturning circulations; and 3) influence ocean meridional heat transport and ocean heat content from seasonal to interannual time scales. Results help provide insights into the model behavior and the physical nature of the effect of TCs within the Earth system.
The Influence of Perceived Risk Factors on Emerging-Market Consumers’ Attitude Towards Shopping for Clothes Online

Engagement in online shopping by specific emerging-market consumers in South Africa is on the rise. Nevertheless, the online usage rate remains low. Online retailers need to understand the perceived risk factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and intention in relation to online shopping for clothing products. To that end, an online survey was conducted among emerging-market consumers in Soweto, with 300 respondents being targeted and reached. Convenience sampling was adopted to collect data from the respondents. An independent research company collected data, and various statistical analyses were conducted. The findings revealed that perceived financial, convenience and security risks significantly influenced emerging-market consumers’ attitude towards online shopping. None of the perceived risks were found to influence consumers’ intention to shop online. The perceived financial, convenience and security risks were found to be mediated by attitude. The findings are significant for e-commerce merchants seeking to develop targeted online marketing strategies for emerging-market consumers.
EGARCH Model: Volatility Spillover Analysis of Bitcoin Price on Altcoin and S&P 500 Index

This study aims to analyze the effect of Bitcoin price spillover volatility on Altcoin prices (Ethereum, Tether, Binance Coin) and the price of the S&P 500 Index. The data used is weekly data with a research period from January 2018 to December 2022. The analysis used in this study is the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) model. The results show a volatility spillover effect between Bitcoin and Binance Coin with more positive shocks than adverse shocks in Bitcoin price volatility on Binance Coin price. Meanwhile, the spillover volatility between Bitcoin and Ethereum, Tether, and the S&P 500 Index cannot be known because the price data is homoscedastic, so it cannot be continued with EGARCH modelling because the data needs to meet the modelling requirements.
The Incredible Adventure of Omalizumab

The basis of our current understanding of allergies begins with the discovery of IgE in the mid-1960s. The whole theory of the physiology and pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including rhinitis and asthma, dates from that period. Among the key regions of IgE identified were the FAB (fragment antigen binding) portion that has the ability to capture allergens, and the Cε3 domain, through which IgE binds to its membrane receptor. It was then postulated that blocking IgE at the level of the Cε3 domain would prevent it from binding to its receptor and thus set in motion the allergic cascade. This was the beginning of the development of omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody with an anti-IgE effect. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of allergic disease and trace the clinical development of omalizumab. We also review the benefits of omalizumab treatment that are apparently unrelated to allergies, such as its effect on immunity and bronchial remodeling.