Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hunter-Gatherer Foraging Models:Review and Prospect in Paleolithic Archaeology

During more than 99% of human evolutionary history,human beings had uniquely foraged wild food and totally depended upon resources growing in nature.A tremendous body of new research in the ecology,biology,and society of the past plus work on recent huntergatherers has been published since 1970s,all of which help archaeologists to observe past processes of human behavior.Incorporated with data of ethnographic hunter-gatherers,huntergatherer foraging models are helpful to interpret human behaviors of lithic tool production,social organization,etc.The meaning of this paper lies in a summary and history of foraging models used in archaeology.This paper presents a theoretical prediction and explanation of ancient human behavior in Chinese Paleolithic archaeology.
Effects of isoenergetic supplementation as water use mitigation strategy on water footprint and health of nursing bull calves

Abstract Sustainable livestock systems focus on mitigating natural resource use such as water. Dietary management strategies can significantly reduce the water footprint of livestock animals; however, animal health is of concern when animals reduce water intake due to subacute dehydration. To evaluate potential consequences of this nutritional management intervention, a total of 23, 60 ± 3 days old nursing Holstein bull calves, weighing 94.7 ± 12.07 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design and received one of three diets. Control was a basal diet composed of a non-medicated milk replacer (milk replacer; n = 7), and the additional two diets, were composed of the same non-medicated milk replacer in addition to either lipid [n = 8; milk replacer + menhaden fish oil (3 %)] or soluble carbohydrate [n = 8; milk replacer + corn starch (7%) isoenergetic to fat group] supplements. Animals were offered ad libitum mineral mix and water, as well as 120 g/day of a composite mix of dried microbrewery’s spent grains. Data were analyzed as linear and generalized linear mixed models with diet as a fixed effect and animal as random utilizing R studio (R Core Team, 2021, Vienna, Austria; SAS Inst., Cary, NC). Within supplementation groups, lipid supplemented calves had the highest lymphocyte (63.24 vs 57.69 counts/100 lymphocytes; P < 0.033), and lowest neutrophil counts (29.3 vs 35.3 counts/100 lymphocytes; P < 0.047). Supplementation significantly increased total serum protein (P = 0.001) and skin moisture (P < 0.011), with carbohydrate group having the highest skin moisture (5.30 vs 3.99; P < 0.047). Supplementation also decreased fecal fluidity scores (P < 0.001) with no significant change in serum electrolytes (P > 0.256). No significant differences were found amongst treatments for the ingestive behavior (P > 0.338). The carbohydrate-supplemented calves significantly decreased all daily water footprints compared to the control and fat-supplemented groups: blue a 47.55 L decrease, (P < 0.001), green a 265.62 L decrease (P = 0.005), and gray a 55.87 L decrease (P = 0.009) water footprint, as well as total water footprint (369.04 L, P = 0.004). Our results indicate the potential to maintain animal performance while increasing water use efficiency through diet supplementation tailored to mitigate water use, without adverse effects on animal health.
Extraction of moving ground targets by a bistatic ultra-wideband SAR

The use of a bistatic antenna configuration for ground moving target indication in an ultra-wideband and widebeam synthetic aperture radar system is discussed. To suppress the strong clutter signal the radar channels have a strict requirement on equality. In a bistatic system they are not equal, and the author investigates how to compensate for the bistatic configuration. Bistatic effects on clutter scattering cannot be compensated, and an attempt is therefore made to estimate the bistatic scattering influence of the ground moving target indication. The bistatic to monostatic synthetic aperture inversion in a wide antenna beam is derived in both the time and the frequency domain. The mismatch between the radar channels will cause clutter leakage. The pulse compressed impulse response leakage is determined both for the time and frequency domains.
Chaotic Dynamical Enhanced Optical Physical Layer Encryption in OFDM-PON System Based on Echo State Network

In this paper, we propose an optical physical layer encrypted scheme in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexed passive optical network (OFDM-PON) based on a nonlinear dynamical enhanced chaotic system generated by Echo State Network (ESN). The proposed-system gets more complex chaotic behavior using three-dimensional Henon mapping iterative chaotic mapping with infinite collapses (ICMIC) cascade mapping (3-D HICM). ESN generates the sequences that are used to produce the masking vectors to encrypt the bit, constellation and subcarriers, which can resist the degradation of chaotic dynamics. Compared with other networks, ESN can reduce the computational cost by omitting the process of obtaining weights by gradient descent method and randomly generating input and internal weights. Its normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) is less than 0.14. The correlation coefficient (CC) of chaotic sequences by 3-D HICM cascade mapping and ESN is more than 0.99. By comparison, the sensitive value of all sequences increases after generating by ESN. Especially, the sensitive value of the x sequence increases by 8 orders of magnitude, which shows the best improvement effect. The generated 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) OFDM signal transmits 126.88 Gb/s data rate across a 2 km fiber span of 7-core fiber. The bit error rate (BER) is analyzed during the experiments, and the results show that the proposed system can improve efficiency and security in OFDM-PON systems.
Social capital and digital transformation of startups in Vietnam: the mediating role of access to resources

The purpose of this study is to use social capital theory to explain how startups in Vietnam undergo the digital transformation process. The study investigates the connection between social capital, resource access, and digital transformation in Vietnamese startups. 230 managers were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Model (PLS-SEM). The study found a positive correlation between social capital, resource access, and digital transformation. Additionally, the study looked at the role of resource access as a mediator between social capital and digital transformation. The findings of this study hold immense importance for managers seeking to establish social capital with stakeholders, including government agencies, customers, competitors, and suppliers in the digital platform services industry. Leveraging social capital can increase managers' access to crucial resources, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study acknowledges its limitations and identifies areas for future research.
FastXenBlk: high-performance virtualized disk IOs without compromising isolation (industry track)

Optimizing IO in a type I hypervisor such as Xen is difficult because of the cost of exchanging data between a VM and the driver. We address this challenge by proposing FastXenBlk, a new IO driver for Xen. FastXenBlk uses three mechanisms to improve IO performance. First, it uses several threads that poll multiple virtual IO queues that are exposed to a guest in order to execute IOs in parallel. Second, it batches requests in order to minimize the number of hypercalls to Xen. And third, it uses kernel bypass in order to avoid system calls during IOs. We evaluate FastXenBlk using the FIO benchmark with different access patterns and IO sizes. Our evaluation shows that FastXenBlk consistently improves the latency and the throughput for all workloads as compared to tapdisk, the driver currently used in production, by a factor of up to 3×.
COMPARATIVE SIMULATIONS OF A LARGE-SCALE FIELD INFILTRATION EXPERIMENT

TOUGH2 and iTOUGH2 are used to conduct forward and inverse simulations of a large-scale infiltration experiment at the Maricopa Agricultural Center (MAC) near Phoenix, Arizona. Three site representations are considered: uniform horizontal layers, layers composed of uniform segments, and layers having randomly varying properties. Due to a paucity of hydraulic parameter measurements at the MAC, these are inferred from soil compositional data using generic data bases and pedotransfer functions. Variogram analyses of these data support the laterally nonuniform and randomly variable site representations. To reproduce observed water contents it is necessary to modify the inferred hydraulic parameters through inverse modeling based on preliminary sensitivity and error analyses. Model discrimination criteria are used to rank the three calibrated site models. Layers composed of uniform segments are ranked highest due to their superior performance and relative simplicity. The choice representation is validated by using it to reproduce water contents during another infiltration experiment.
The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in node negative colorectal cancer with or without perineural invasion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose It was aimed at assessing the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for patients with node-negative colorectal cancer (CRC) either with or without perineural invasion (PNI). Methods We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science from database inception through October 1, 2023. Survival outcomes were analyzed using hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Heterogeneity for the descriptive meta-analyses was quantified using the I2 statistic. Results Ten studies included in this review. ACT improved overall survival (OS) (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.40–0.69) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.35–0.82) in PNI + patients but did not affect DFS (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.72–1.77) in PNI- patients. A disease-specific survival (DSS) benefit with chemotherapy was observed in PNI + (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58–0.99) and PNI- patients (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.57–1.00). And PNI decreased DFS (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.52–2.47) and OS (HR 1.75, 95% CI 0.96–3.17) in node-negative CRC. Conclusions In conclusion, chemotherapy appears most beneficial for survival outcomes in node-negative patients with PNI, but may also confer some advantage in those without PNI. Systematic Review Registration Identifier INPLASY2021120103.
Effects of Isochoric Freezing on the Quality Characteristics of Raw Bovine Milk

This study investigated the effects of isochoric freezing (IF) on the shelf-life and quality of raw bovine milk over a 5-week period. The results were compared with conventional refrigeration (RF) and refrigeration after pasteurization (HTST). The IF treatment process entailed storing liquid raw milk in isochoric chambers in thermodynamic equilibrium at −5 °C/77 MPa and −10 °C/96 MPa. Several parameters were analyzed, including microbiology count, physicochemical properties, indigenous enzyme activity, protein content, volatile organic compounds profile, and lipid degradation. Both raw and pasteurized milk experienced increases in the microbial level past the acceptable threshold (≥5.5 log CFU/mL) after 2 weeks and 5 weeks, respectively, leading to the deterioration of other parameters during storage. In comparison, microbiology count decreased significantly during storage for both IF treatment conditions but was more pronounced for the higher pressure (96 MPa) treatment, leading to undetectable levels of microorganism after 5 weeks. IF treatment maintained stable pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, lipid oxidation, volatile profiles, total protein content, and lactoperoxidase activity throughout the storage period. Color was preserved during IF treatment at −5 °C/77 MPa; however, color was impacted during IF treatment at −10 °C/96 MPa. Protein structures were also modified during pressurized storage in both IF treatments. Overall, the study demonstrated that isochoric freezing could significantly increase the shelf-life of milk by reducing microbiology activity, whilst maintaining its nutritional content. These results underscore the potential role of isochoric freezing as a valuable tool in eliminating pathogens while maintaining quality characteristics similar to raw milk over long storage periods.
Estimation of Radiative Forcing due to Aerosols over Selected Sites in Kenya

Atmospheric aerosols modulate the radiative budget and ambient air quality of the atmosphere, thus, there is a need to develop both analytical and computational methodological techniques that determine their physical, chemical, optical and radiative properties in order to characterize and model their environmental effects. This paper embodies the results of the derivation of radiative characteristics of the atmosphere over Nairobi, Mbita and Malindi using aerosol data obtained from sun spectrophotometry from 2006-2008. Aerosol optical depths (τ), single scattering albedo (ω), angstrom exponent (α), asymmetry factor (g) at zero Solar Zenith Angle (SZA) were derived through AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) framework. The Coupled Ocean and Atmosphere Radiative Transfer (COART) model was then used to solve a radiative transfer equation (RTE) for an atmosphere modulated by aerosols of different particle sizes. Utilizing the integrated fluxes, radiative forcing due to atmospheric aerosols was estimated, and found to remain relatively constant at 0.46 K/(W/m 2 ) for all the three sites despite the observed differences in the various aerosol particle properties that is physical, mode of generation, chemical and number densities dominating the sites. This value was slightly lower as compared to the combined global anthropogenic radiative forcing estimated to be +1.6 [-1.0, +0.8] W/m2.
Broadband waveform modeling with the spectral element method on Earth Simulator for the study of the structure at the top of the Earth's outer core

The effects of the complex seismic structure in the lowermost mantle on the seismic SmKS phases that propagate beneath the core-mantle boundary are important, but as yet unclear. Thus, in this study, broadband waveform modeling with the spectral element method is conducted using the Earth Simulator. One-hour length seismograms are first synthesized with one-dimesional velocity structure of PREM, and the portions of the SmKS phases are retrieved. The shortest period that the Earth Simulator can achieve is up to 3.5 s, which is too long to reproduce S5KS and higher SmKS phases. To read the differential travel times of SmKS phases accurately, the phase-weighted stack is adopted and the uncertainty is inferred with the bootstrap method. Next, wave fields are simulated with three-dimensional velocity structures of S20RTS with emphasized velocity perturbation at the base of the mantle and SB4L18 expanded by spherical harmonics. The Earth Simulator enables the generation of a three-dimensional (3D) structure using spherical harmonics coefficients of up to 40 degrees. The different models result in different residuals for differential travel times of S4KS-S3KS and S3KSS2KS and change in the incident azimuths of S3KS with respect to S2KS, even if global tomography models with longwavelength heterogeneity of several thousand kilometers are used. These results clearly suggest that there are strong effects of heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle on the differential travel times of S4KS-S3KS and S3KS-S2KS. The characteristcs of the uncertainty depend on the 3D-mantle models, which may provide clues to the separation of the effects of heterogeneity at the base of the mantle for SmKS anomalies.
Gesture Classification in Electromyography Signals for Real-Time Prosthetic Hand Control Using a Convolutional Neural Network-Enhanced Channel Attention Model

Accurate and real-time gesture recognition is required for the autonomous operation of prosthetic hand devices. This study employs a convolutional neural network-enhanced channel attention (CNN-ECA) model to provide a unique approach for surface electromyography (sEMG) gesture recognition. The introduction of the ECA module improves the model’s capacity to extract features and focus on critical information in the sEMG data, thus simultaneously equipping the sEMG-controlled prosthetic hand systems with the characteristics of accurate gesture detection and real-time control. Furthermore, we suggest a preprocessing strategy for extracting envelope signals that incorporates Butterworth low-pass filtering and the fast Hilbert transform (FHT), which can successfully reduce noise interference and capture essential physiological information. Finally, the majority voting window technique is adopted to enhance the prediction results, further improving the accuracy and stability of the model. Overall, our multi-layered convolutional neural network model, in conjunction with envelope signal extraction and attention mechanisms, offers a promising and innovative approach for real-time control systems in prosthetic hands, allowing for precise fine motor actions.
Serum Biomarkers of Olfactory Identification Deficits in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

To investigate whether glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NFL), and 12 cytokines can serve as serum biomarkers of olfactory identification dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). GFAP and NFL levels were measured in 75 patients with PD and 36 healthy controls (HCs). The levels of 12 cytokines were assayed in 41 patients with PD. The 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks test and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess olfactory identification ability and cognitive function, respectively. Linear regression models were applied to control for confounding effects. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to examine the diagnostic accuracy of serum NFL, GFAP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels. The cut-off value for the SS-16 test in diagnosing dysosmia was equal to 9.5 points. Serum GFAP levels were higher in patients with PD with olfactory identification dysfunction than in those without. GFAP, NFL, and IL-6 levels were correlated with SS-16 scores. Moreover, combining these three biomarkers yielded the best-fitting model for distinguishing patients with PD with or without dysosmia. We found a prominent indirect effect of GFAP on MMSE scores through its contribution to SS-16 scores. GFAP, NFL, and IL-6 can serve as serum biomarkers for olfactory identification dysfunctions in PD. We inferred that astrogliosis might promote the occurrence of dysosmia by releasing proinflammatory factors and causing neuronal damage and may indirectly impair cognition through its effect on olfactory function.
Rats in Epilepsy Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Citations Between 1969 and 2020 on Experimental Models in Epilepsy

Epilepsy stands as a prominent neurological disorder, affecting a substantial number of individuals who, unfortunately, do not respond to conventional antiepileptic medications. To unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures and explore potential therapeutic avenues, researchers have turned to animal models. Among these models, rats have emerged as one of the cornerstones of epilepsy research. This bibliometric analysis embarks on the crucial task of delving into the role of rat models in deciphering the mysteries of epileptic seizures and, notably, pinpointing the most prevalent models in use. Our study harnessed Scopus' citation tracking feature to review a range of research papers dating from 1969 to 2020, all dedicated to the exploration of epileptic seizures in rats. The citations that emerged from this rigorous process were subjected to thematic coding, primarily centered around the specific epileptic animal models employed, and subsequently, comprehensive descriptive statistics were computed. In this effort, we found a total of 1,318 publications that explore the world of rat studies, accumulating a substantial citation count of 44,824 references. This analysis illuminated the invaluable role that research employing rat models has played in shaping our current clinical understanding of epileptic seizures. Notably, several models have emerged as predominant forces in this field, including those induced by pilocarpine, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), kainic acid (KA), electric kindling, and electroshock. This bibliometric exploration serves as a resounding reminder of the pivotal position that rat models occupy in advancing our comprehension of epilepsy. These findings resonate strongly, underscoring the continued importance of directing research and development funding toward this debilitating disorder, with the ultimate aim of maximizing the benefits for the patients grappling with this condition. The potential to revolutionize our approach to epilepsy and enhance the quality of life for those affected remains a beacon of hope, illuminated by the contributions of these tireless researchers and their trusty rat companions.
Forming a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime – European intersectoral coordination in education and employment

ABSTRACT While European governance of individual policy sectors has received considerable academic scrutiny, less attention has been paid to the development of intersectoral coordination. This paper charts the emergence of a supranational boundary-spanning policy regime (BSPR) in education and employment in Europe. By looking at issues, ideas, interests and institutions, we gain a deeper understanding of the conditions for the emergence and further institutionalisation of European intersectoral coordination in education and employment from the 1990s onwards. The study relies on semi-structured interviews with European policy-makers in education and employment and EU policy documents. We analyse how endogenous and exogenous factors frame (policy) issues that contribute to the emergence and further strengthening of intersectoral coordination, the extent to which ideas for European education and employment stress intersectoral policy designs, how interests support or hinder intersectoral work, and which institutions are developed with an intersectoral reasoning. We find that endogenous forces (rather than exogenous ones) played a significant role in the emergence of a European BSPR in education and employment. Structural aspects and policy instruments (institutions), alongside ideas and interests, then contribute to the institutionalisation of the European BSPR in education and employment.