Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS IN OTOLITHS OF JUVENILE YELLOWFIN TUNA FROM SPAWNING GROUNDS IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN

SUMMARY Microchemical analysis using solution-based ICP-MS and ICP-AES was conducted on whole otoliths of juvenile yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) from spawning/nursery grounds in the Gulf of Guinea, southeastern Caribbean Sea, and Pacific Ocean (outgroup) to establish the utility of using such methodology to delineate natal origin. The study consists of three analysis groups: ‘Temporal’ assessing inter-annual variation; ‘Spatial’ assessing variability within a region; and ‘Regional testing for elemental fingerprints of nursery origin. Six elements appeared in consistently reliable concentrations for analysis: Mg, Rb, Sr, Ba, K, and Na. Univariate contrasts indicate elemental differences between sites and years. Fingerprints were examined with discriminant analysis. Clear separation was seen between sample groups in regional and temporal parts of the study. Moderate separation was observed in spatial samples. Cross-validated classification accuracy between the two Atlantic nursery areas was 89.2% (92.5% for Gulf of Guinea samples and 84% for southeast Caribbean Sea fish). Overall crossvalidated model accuracy for spatial samples was 52.5% (range of 41.7-71.4%) and for temporal 76.7% (range 66.7-81.8%). Results indicate that elemental fingerprints can be useful delineators of natal origin for yellowfin in the Atlantic suggesting that the method has potential for use in determination of population structure and dynamics.
Conference on ‘ Over-and undernutrition : challenges and approaches ’ Symposium 2 : Modern approaches to nutritional research challenges Nutritional developmental epigenomics : immediate and long-lasting effects

The phenotype of an individual is the result of complex interactions between genome, epigenome and current, past and ancestral environment leading to a lifelong remodelling of the epigenomes. The genetic information expression contained in the genome is controlled by labile chromatin-associated epigenetic marks. Epigenetic misprogramming during development is widely thought to have a persistent effect on the health of the offspring and may even be transmitted to the next generation. The epigenome serves as an interface between the environment and the genome. Dietary factors, including folate involved in C1 metabolism, and other social and lifestyle exposures have a profound effect on many aspects of health including ageing and do so, at least partly, through interactions with the genome, which result in altered gene expression with consequences for cell function and health throughout the life course. Depending on the nature and intensity of the environmental insult, the critical spatiotemporal windows and developmental or lifelong processes involved, epigenetic alterations can lead to permanent changes in tissue and organ structure and function or to phenotypic changes that can (or cannot) be reversed using appropriate epigenetic tools. Moreover, the flexibility of epigenetic marks may make it possible for environmental, nutritional and hormonal factors or endocrine disruptors to alter, during a particular spatiotemporal window in a sex-specific manner, the sex-specific methylation or demethylation of specific CpG and/or histone modifications underlying sex-specific expression of a substantial proportion of genes. Moreover, genetic factors, the environment and stochastic events change the epigenetic landscape during the lifetime of an individual. Epigenetic alterations leading to gene expression dysregulation accumulate during ageing and are important in tumorigenesis and age-related diseases. Several encouraging trials suggest that prevention and therapy of ageand lifestyle-related diseases by individualised tailoring to optimal epigenetic diets or drugs are conceivable. However, these interventions will require intense efforts to unravel the complexity of these epigenetic, genetic and environment interactions and to evaluate their potential reversibility with minimal side effects.
Rule the Joule: An Energy Management Design Guide for Self-Powered Sensors

Energy harvesters present the exciting opportunity to create sensor nodes that can power or recharge themselves. Given the intermittent nature of available ambient energy for these harvesters and the common discrepancy between the harvested power and average power required to operate a sensor load, electronic energy management interfaces between the harvester source and a sensor load are often necessary. This article presents a design methodology for energy management interfaces between energy harvester sources and sensor loads. The design guide is practically demonstrated through the prototyping of a low-power energy management module that interfaces a clampable, split-core current transformer (CT) magnetic energy harvester (MEH) to an off-the-shelf bluetooth low energy (BLE) embedded hardware sensor kit. This article documents the design and experimental performance of the cold-start, energy harvest enhancement, overvoltage protection, and energy distribution control capabilities of this energy management interface. The experimental results demonstrate successful cold-start using discrete logic, average power harvest enhancements up to nearly 400% under certain harvester voltage load conditions, and a hysteretic control method for servicing an approximately 50 mW sensor load.
Potentials for integration in oil palm plantations.

Crops and livestock integration with oil palm is one of the thrust areas in the Malaysian Palm Oil Board’s (MPOB) research programmes as outlined in its strategic plan. It is in line with ensuring the high income strategy as envisaged by MPOB and the national aspiration to achieve self-sufficiency in food production. Integration of crops or livestock with oil palm is possible since sunlight can penetrate the oil palm canopy especially during the immature stage enabling other crops to be grown between rows of oil palm. At the mature stage, some light still can penetrate to the ground and allow several types of vegetation/weeds to grow which can be used as forage for livestock. The integration of crops and livestock generates additional income to the oil palm growers and improves productivity of the land. Various studies have shown that several cash crops are capable of generating additional income of between RM175-RM870 per hectare per month when integrated with oil palm. To be feasible and economically viable, suitable crops or livestock and their production systems need to be well established. Crops integration is limited to the first two years of oil palm planting. To extend the integration further, oil palm is planted in double avenue planting system. This planting system allows higher light penetration and provides wider space between two palm avenues. Observations have shown that in a field of five-year oil palm, there is still about 25-30 per cent of the area available for cultivation of crops. Early results indicate that the oil palm yield in the double avenue is comparable to that planted using the conventional triangular system.
BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS, AND ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY AWARENESS IN WOLKITE TOWN, SOUTH CENTRAL ETHIOPIA

: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the most widespread chronic infectious diseases of zoonotic importance, causing significant economic losses in animal production. However, little epidemiological information is available on the disease in dairy cows in southern Ethiopia in general and the study area in particular. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and May 2023 to assess public awareness and examine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bTB in the city of Wolkite in southern Ethiopia. A total of 32 herds with 196 dairy cows were tested using the Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin (SICCT) test. To identify potential risk factors for bTB positivity in cattle, generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and generalized linear models (GLM) were used to analyze the risk factors at the animal and herd level, respectively. An overall prevalence of 18.37% (95% CI: 13.57–24.38) and 46.87% (95% CI: 30.87–63.55) bTB was found at the animal and herd levels in the study areas. In this study, bTB positivity at the animal level was significantly associated with age (OR = 6.6, 95% CI: 2.19–37.02) and source of animal (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.24–8.12). At the herd level, the analysis showed that management condition (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 1.12–19.91), stocking density (OR = 6.3, 95% CI: 1.96-20.24), and new cattle introductions (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.01–8.18) were significantly associated with bTB status. Of all dairy farm owners and workers surveyed, only 25.92% had information about bovine tuberculosis; of them, 32.14% were aware of the zoonotic importance of the disease. More than 69% of respondents said they prefer consuming raw milk. Therefore, animal owners and stakeholders should be made aware of the cause, the transmission routes and their effects on animals and humans.
Voluntary associations and their involvement in collaborative forest management

Voluntary Associations and Their Involvement in Collaborative Forest Management. (December 2010) Jiaying Lu, B.B.A., Zhejiang University, China; M.A., University of Manitoba. Canada Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Michael A. Schuett Voluntary associations representing numerous types of recreation users and environmental issues have flourished across the landscape in America. However, the literature has not sufficiently studied these associations and their role in collaborative natural resource management. A lack of understanding of voluntary associations has not only limited managers’ ability to accommodate changing values of the American public, but also resulted in tremendous costs for land management agencies. This dissertation was aimed at gaining a better understanding of outdoor recreation and environmental voluntary associations and their involvement in collaborative forest management. Five objectives guided this study: (1) assessing the organizational characteristics of voluntary associations; (2) exploring organizational concerns about forest management issues; (3) examining organizational leaders’ experiences in collaborating with the Forest Service; (4) evaluating the perceived effectiveness of collaboration efforts with the Forest Service, and (5) developing and testing a social psychological model to predict members’ participation in organizational activities.
Improving the Yamaguchi4 Decomposition Method Using Selective Polarization Orientation Compensation

Abstract. The Polarization Orientation Compensation (POC) method has been proposed to resolve overestimation of the volume component induced by topographical slopes and oblique building walls during model-based decompositions. The approach, however, can result in an underestimation of volume scattering within forests. This article proposes a novel method to improve the Yamaguchi 4-component (hereafter referred to as the Yamaguchi4) decomposition approach using POC. The scattering power of the decomposition components before and after POC is used to determine whether a pixel needs orientation compensation. The proposed method provides a number of advantages. First, the cross-polarized component, created by topographical slopes and man-made structures whose main scattering center is at an oblique direction with respect to radar illumination, is minimized. Oblique building blocks do not present the same volume as forests but, instead, result in double-bounce scattering. Second, this method resolves issues related to decreasing representations of vegetation according to the 4 scattering components when the volume-scattering power from forests is reduced. The new method was applied to currently available data, and positive results were achieved.
Fluid inclusions in the salt minerals from the Permian Fengcheng Formation in the Urho region,Junggar Basin,Xinjiang

The Permian Fengcheng Formation as the important hydrocarbon exploration target in the Urho region,Junggar Basin, Xinjiang is built up of the genetically special deep-lake salt-bearing volcanic-sedimentary formations. The detailed study of characteristics and genesis of the fluid inclusions in the salt minerals from the Permian Fengcheng Formation is based on the techniques such as core observation,thin-section examination,scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, microprobe analysis and microthermometry of the inclusions. The ore-forming fluids of the salt minerals are assigned to the H2O-Na Cl systems with the moderate to low temperature( 51. 2 to 125. 7℃),moderate to high salinity( 13. 72% to 24. 93% Na Cl),moderate to high density( 1. 06 to 1. 16 g / cm3),and high-alkaline thermal brines with CH4 gases. The deep-lake salt-bearing volcanic-sedimentary formations are thought to be associated with the sublacustrine hydrothermal effusion in the Fengcheng Formation. It is speculated that the genetic mechanisms for the salt minerals are involved into the disequilibrium and inversion of the deep-seated high-alkaline thermal brines caused by the mixing of sinking lake water and mantle-derived magmatic water,extraction of soluble salts during the upward migration of the mixed hydrothermal brines,and the eruption of the hydrothermal brines from the sublacustrine vents and then mixing with the low-concentration lacustrine water at the bottom of the lakes, and the formation of the compositionally complicated salt minerals at last.
A satellite-derived glacier inventory for North Asia

Abstract This study outlines a consistent methodology for identifying glacier surfaces from Landsat 5, 7 and 8 imagery that is applied to map all mainland North Asian glaciers, providing the first methodologically consistent and complete glacier inventory for the region ~2010. We identify 5065 glaciers covering a planimetric area of 2326 ± 186 km2, most of which is located in the Altai mountain subregion. The total glacier count is 15% higher, but the total glacier area is 32 ±11.6% lower, than the estimated glacier coverage provided in version 4.0 of the Randolph Glacier Inventory. We investigate the distribution of glacier size within North Asia and find that the majority of glaciers (82%) are smaller than 0.5 km2 but only account for a third of the total glacier area, with the largest 1 % (60 glaciers ≥ 5 km2 ) accounting for 28% of the total area. We present hypsometric characterizations of North Asian glaciers, largely substantiating existing findings that glaciers in this region are dominated by cold, relatively dry conditions. We provide a detailed assessment of errors and determine the uncertainty in our area estimate to be ±8.0%, with snow-cover uncertainty the largest contributing factor. Based on this assessment, the new glacier inventory presented here is more complete and of higher quality than other currently available data sources.
Marine PSSP reflections with a bottom velocity transition zone

Marine shear‐wave reflection methods using the conventional data acquisition system (i.e., source and receiver in water) rely on two mode conversions at the water bottom to produce shear reflections such as PSSP. Some theoretical considerations and the results of a marine check shot survey conducted in the Gulf of Mexico demonstrate that the difficulty in observing PSSP events is attributable to weak P-S and S-P conversion at the bottom in regions with very low shear velocity (a few hundred ft/s or less) sediments at the bottom. For a simple water bottom with a low shear‐wave velocity, water over a uniform half space, the PS conversion factor is proportional to Vs, and the SP conversion factor is proportional to Vs2, where Vs is the bottom shear velocity. For Vs≈1500ft/s their product gives PSSP reflections that can be comparable in amplitude to typical PPPP events. For Vs≲500ft/s, the PSSP events should be about 30 dB weaker and probably not visible. For typical Gulf of Mexico sediments with a shear velo.
Coral reefs: Aspects of management, conservation and restoration

t Forestt restoration through silviculture (gardening) programs revives productivity,, biodiversity, and stability. We propose here to adapt this rational ee to coral reef ecosystems and major key criteria for forest and coral reeff restoration measure s are raised and compared. A coral gardening strategyy is based on a two-step protocol , the establishmen t of in-situ and exsitusitu coral nurseries phase in which corals are farmed (originating from two typess of source material : asexual [ramets, nubbins] , and sexual : [planula larvae,, spat]), and the reef rehabilitation phase, where maricultured colonies aree transplante d into degraded sites. It is suggeste d that a sustainabl e coral mariculturee operation will promote the persistenc e of threatene d coral populationss and maintai n their geneti c variability (as well as of other reef taxa). This measur e may also be implemented worldwide, eliminating the needd to extract existing colonies for transplantatio n operations . In abused reeff sites, the coral gardening strategy can assist in managing human and non-humann stakeholders ' requirement s as is done in forest management .
Are the 'new' AMS Varna dates older?

A B S T R AC T The paper elaborates on the AMS dating results obtained for the Chalcolithic cemetery near Varna, located on the western Black Sea coast in northeastern Bulgaria. The focus here is not on the comparison between absolute dates acquired for various sites from the middle and late Chalcolithic period in the region. It is rather on the examination of the main approaches towards suggested chronological frameworks. Divided into three parts, the text reviews regional methods for proceeding conventional radiocarbon dates (II A) and such, related to the later AMS measurement of bone collagen (II B). Both approaches are considered as deserving more attention with regard to the problematic aspects that may affect the acquisition of reliable results. The 19 new AMS Varna dates are found important for chronological revisions. However, at this stage they alone are not considered sufficient for inarguable modifications of the schemes (III). Along with identification of major factors that should be taken into account when dealing with the chronological debates in the specified region, strategies for solving some of the issues are also suggested.
Defect Detection of Wood Grain Images with Image Gradient Applied to AE-based generation

Detecting and managing various types of defects that occur in the manufacturing process is important for product quality control. Detecting flaws in product presentation is an ongoing research topic in computer vision. Recently, deep learning technology has been used to improve defect detection performance compared to traditional computer vision methods. In this study, we proposed a new method for detecting defects on the surface of wooden boards using image reconstruction with an autoencoder-based model and image gradient filters in image processing using edge detection. Although the reconstruction performance of the autoencoder is significantly inferior to the newest technologies, this characteristic is used to remove noise from input images. We used the publicly available anomaly detection dataset, MV-Tec AD, for training and evaluation and presented experimental results focusing on the "Wood" category. The proposed method in this study demonstrated better detection performance with image processing.
An Efficient Group Key Negotiation Scheme Based on ECC and Key Chains

Group-oriented applications usually support multiple entities to communicate in open networks, but the generation and management of keys in group communication face certain risks due to the insecurity of open networks. To address the security of keys in communication, we proposes an efficient key negotiation management scheme that combines key chains and trinomial trees. Firstly, a key chain is in place to help with the issue of high overhead when building the tree structure. Group members can use the strategic chain to relay information between two nearby users. Secondly, a logical key tree is established with the aid of pre-shared keys, and the negotiation of group keys is completed through mutual negotiation and key chain information channel. At the same time, corresponding solutions are proposed for member join and exit operations, and large-scale member join and exit are supported. Finally, the amount of communication and processing is used to measure the scheme's performance, and the algorithm's security and effectiveness are confirmed.
Global well-posedness and scattering for the energy-critical nonlinear Schrödinger equation in R^3

We obtain global well-posedness, scattering, and global L 10 spacetime bounds for energy-class solutions to the quintic defocusing Schrodinger equa- tion in R 1+3 , which is energy-critical. In particular, this establishes global existence of classical solutions. Our work extends the results of Bourgain (4) and Grillakis (20), which handled the radial case. The method is similar in spirit to the induction-on-energy strategy of Bourgain (4), but we perform the induction analysis in both frequency space and physical space simultaneously, and replace the Morawetz inequality by an interaction variant (first used in (12), (13)). The principal advantage of the interaction Morawetz estimate is that it is not localized to the spatial origin and so is better able to handle nonradial solutions. In particular, this interaction estimate, together with an almost-conservation argument controlling the movement of L 2 mass in fre- quency space, rules out the possibility of energy concentration.
Preclinical Study of Dual-Wavelength Light-Emitting Diode Therapy in an Osteoarthritis Rat Model

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of light-emitting diode (LED) and their dual-wavelengths as a treatment strategy for osteoarthritis. Methods We induced osteoarthritis in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate into the right rear knee joint. The animals with lesions were divided into an untreated group and an LED-treated group (n=7 each). In the LED-treated group, the lesioned knee was irradiated with lasers (850 and 940 nm) and dose (3.15 J/cm2) for 20 minutes per session, twice a week for 4 weeks. Knee joint tissues were stained and scanned using an in vivo micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Several functional tests (lines crossed, rotational movement, rearing, and latency to remain rotating rod) were performed 24 hours before LED treatment and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. Results LED-treated rats showed improved locomotor function and suppressed matrix-degrading cytokines. Micro-CT images indicated that LED therapy had a preserving effect on cartilage and cortical bone. Conclusion LED treatment using wavelengths of 850 and 940 nm resulted in significant functional, anatomical, and histologic improvements without adverse events in a rat model. Further research is required to determine the optimal wavelength, duration, and combination method, which will maximize treatment effectiveness.