Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial Expression of Concern and Correction

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES PNAS is publishing an Editorial Expression of Concern regarding the following article: “Experimental evidence of massivescale emotional contagion through social networks,” by Adam D. I. Kramer, Jamie E. Guillory, and Jeffrey T. Hancock, which appeared in issue 24, June 17, 2014, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (111:8788–8790; first published June 2, 2014; 10.1073/ pnas.1320040111). This paper represents an important and emerging area of social science research that needs to be approached with sensitivity and with vigilance regarding personal privacy issues. Questions have been raised about the principles of informed consent and opportunity to opt out in connection with the research in this paper. The authors noted in their paper, “[The work] was consistent with Facebook’s Data Use Policy, to which all users agree prior to creating an account on Facebook, constituting informed consent for this research. ” When the authors prepared their paper for publication in PNAS, they stated that: “Because this experiment was conducted by Facebook, Inc. for internal purposes, the Cornell University IRB [Institutional Review Board] determined that the project did not fall under Cornell’s Human Research Protection Program. ” This statement has since been confirmed by Cornell University. Obtaining informed consent and allowing participants to opt out are best practices in most instances under the US Department of Health and Human Services Policy for the Protection of Human Research Subjects (the “Common Rule”). Adherence to the Common Rule is PNAS policy, but as a private company Facebook was under no obligation to conform to the provisions of the Common Rule when it collected the data used by the authors, and the Common Rule does not preclude their use of the data. Based on the information provided by the authors, PNAS editors deemed it appropriate to publish the paper. It is nevertheless a matter of concern that the collection of the data by Facebook may have involved practices that were not fully consistent with the principles of obtaining informed consent and allowing participants to opt out.
Total Mercury Concentrations in the Arabian Sea Waters off the Indian coast

Notwithstanding the low values observed for the surface sa~ples frdpl stations 652, 657 and 658, there waS no appreciable variation in the ratio with locations. Therefore, all other values were pooled together and averaged for various depths to study the general depthwise distribution of this ratio. These values, along with the corresponding average salinity values, are plotted with depth (Fig. 2). There is no significant variations in the ratio with depth. This is in agreement with the findings of Morris and Riley6. The overall bromide! chlorinity ratio for this region was 0,00343 ± 0,00005 with a mean bromide concentration of 0·0655 g! kg when the surface values from the above 3 stations are excluded. This is close to the value reported for some other areas of the oceans6.7. Sen Gupta et aU have reported high fluoride! chlorinity ratio for the Persian Gulf and Red Sea waters which find their way to the Arabian Sea. A silmilar increase in brcjmidejchlorinity ratio also may be expected in these water masses. Chelles has reported high value (0'0043) of this ratio for the Red Sea though his results have been regarded to be too high by several authors7• Absence of a max\mum at the depth where Persian Gulf and Red Sea waters could be expected to occur indicates tha t the effect of these waters is not very apprecia ble in the region under study unlike the south-western Bay where these water masses are reported to be present9• Therefore, it appears that these water masses lose their characteristics as they move north into the Bay due to lateral and vertical mixing. The authors express sincere thanks to Dr S. Z. Qasim, Director, for suggesting suita ble modifica tions in the manuscript and to their colleagues from Physical Oceanography Division for analysis of the samples for salinity. References 1. SEN GUPTA, R, NAIK, S. & SINGBAL, S. Y. S. , Mar. Chem.,
Angiogenesis inhibitors for patients with ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials

Abstract Objectives: To investigate the effects of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer, a meta-analysis was performed and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity were assessed. Patients and methods: The PubMed and Embase databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for publications between January 2000 and June 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), or data for calculating HRs with 95% CIs were derived. Results: The 12 trials in this meta-analysis were divided into three groups: four trials with a VEGF inhibitor (the bevacizumab group), six trials with VEGFR inhibitors (the VEGFRIs group), and two trials with an angiopoietin inhibitor (the trebananib group). PFS improvement was seen in all groups (HR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.79, P < 0.001 for bevacizumab; HR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.87, P = 0.001 for VEGFRIs; and HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.72, P < 0.001 for trebananib). Regarding OS, bevacizumab showed a trend of improvement (HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01, P = 0.079), VEGFRIs showed no improvement (HR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.11, P = 0.368), and trebananib demonstrated a significant prolongation (HR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99, P = 0.036). Bevacizumab was associated with more class-specific adverse events (RR = 4.05, 95% CI 1.99 to 8.27, P < 0.001). Although the toxicity profiles differed, VEGFRIs developed common higher incidences of hypertension, diarrhea, and fatigue. A higher incidence of edema was reported in the trebananib group (RR = 2.60, 95% CI 0.84 to 8.00, P = 0.097). Conclusions: Anti-angiogenic therapy showed clear PFS benefit with increased toxicity, but its role in OS was undefined for ovarian cancer which emphasized the need for patient selection.
Evaluating household and community renewable micro grids in Chile : |b energy management and optimal sizing for different business models

xviii 1. INTRODUCTION: POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL MICRO GRIDS BOTH CONNECTED TO THE GRID OR ISOLATED . 1 1.1 The transition from traditional to future smart distribution networks . 1 1.1.1 Changes in distribution networks to enhance MGs deployment: ¿Why do we need MGs? 3 1.1.2 Enhancing consumer independence with micro grid: distributed generation 4 1.1.3 Purposes of MGs: functions and properties . 5 1.1.4 Economic benefits and usage advantages of energy arbitrage . 6 1.2 Transition in Chile: the need for a more secure and reliable network . 6 1.2. 1 Chilean and International Standards: the need for more security and new regulation in distribution networks . 7 1.3 Financial, regulatory and technical barriers facing MGs . 7 1.4 Encouraging MG deployment: unlocking and exploiting distributed energy resources . 8 1.4. 1 Net-Billing experiences in Chile . 8 1.4. 2 Development of several business model to enhance MG deployment . 9 1.5 Development of a bilevel optimization model for the MG optimal design and operation . 10 1.6 Hipothesis of the investigation . 11 1.7 Objectives of the investigation . 12 1.8 Relevance of the investigation . 13 1.9 Highlights of the research . 15 1.10 Scope of Research . 15 1.11 Assumptions of the work . 16
Beyond Realism & Anti-Realism: John Dewey and the Neopragmatists (review)

ity. I’m not sure I would phrase this reconciliation as the connection of “. personal will to its institutional embodient . ” (p. 16), as McGandy does, but I think he is correct in his aspirations. We, as individuals, aren’t atoms in a void, nor parts in a machine. We are connected by a world and by our ideas about that world. On these grounds, McGandy’s reading of Miller’s philosophy stands out as a refreshing alternative to the post-metaphysical sentiments which have come to dominate contemporary democratic theory, and both of these texts go a long way in establishing the continued relevance of Miller’s philosophy. Their respective efforts in framing a comprehensive conception of the interrelatedness of individual, community, and the world present a significant contribution to our understanding of the philosophical method, as well as of the nature of modern democratic societies. Shannon Kincaid Queensborough Community College The City University of New York skincaid@qcc.cuny. edu
Microtubules in plant morphogenesis: role of the cortical array.

INTRODUCTION . 153 CELLULAR PATIERNING IN GROWING PLANT ORGANS . 154 THE B IOPHYSICS OF PLANT CELL GROWTH AND THE ROLE OF THE CELL WALL . 156 CYTOKINESIS . 157 HOW DOES THE CELL ALIGN CORTICAL MTs? 158 Aligllment of Cortical MTs ill Ullperturbed Cells . 158 Structure of the Cortical MT Array. 159 MT BEHAVIOR WITHIN THE CORTICAL ARRA Y . 160 How Might the Cell COlllrol the Stability of Cortical MTs? 161 MT Organizing Celllers ill the Cortical Array . 163 THE POSITIONING OF CORTICAL MTs IS A CONSERV A TIVE PROCESS . 164 How are Cortical MTs Repositiolled? 165 HOW ARE CORTICAL MTs SPATIALLY ALIGNED? 166 Evidence that a Chemical Signal is Involved in Providing Spatial Information to Orient Cortical MTs . 166 Evidence that all Electrical Field is Involved in Providing SpatialIllformation to Orient Cortical MTs . 167 Evidence that a Biophysical Force is Involved in the Orientation of Cortical MTs . 168 MTs, THE PM, AND THE CELL WALL AS A FUNCTIONAL CONTINUUM . 169 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 174
XML: some papers in a haystack

XML has been explored by both research and industry communities. More than 5500 papers were published on different aspects of XML. With so many publications, it is hard for someone to decide where to start. Hence, this paper presents some of the research topics on XML, namely: XML on relational databases, query processing, views, data matching, and schema evolution. It then summarizes some (some! ) of the most relevant or traditional papers on those subjects.
Classification of enteroviruses based on molecular and biological properties.

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Sat, 08 Dec 2018 03:07:20 Journal of General Virology (1997), 78, 1–11. Printed in Great Britain .
Hepatic Malignancy in an Infant with Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction: Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene syndrome involving deletions of the chromosome 4p16 region associated with growth failure, characteristic craniofacial abnormalities, cardiac defects, and seizures. Case Report: This report describes a six-month-old girl with WHS with growth failure and typical craniofacial features who died of complex congenital heart disease. Genetic studies revealed a 9.8 Mb chromosome 4p-terminal deletion. At autopsy, the liver was grossly unremarkable. Routine sampling and histologic examination revealed two hepatocellular nodular lesions with expanded cell plates and mild cytologic atypia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed these nodules were positive for glutamine synthetase and glypican 3, with increased Ki-67 signaling and diffuse CD34 expression in sinusoidal endothelium. These findings are consistent with hepatoblastoma or hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions: A possible association between WHS and hepatic malignancy may be an important consideration in the care and management of WHS patients.
Molecular basis for the reverse reaction of African human trypanosomes glycerol kinase

The glycerol kinase (GK) of African human trypanosomes is compartmentalized in their glycosomes. Unlike the host GK, which under physiological conditions catalyzes only the forward reaction (ATP‐dependent glycerol phosphorylation), trypanosome GK can additionally catalyze the reverse reaction. In fact, owing to this unique reverse catalysis, GK is potentially essential for the parasites survival in the human host, hence a promising drug target. The mechanism of its reverse catalysis was unknown; therefore, it was not clear if this ability was purely due to its localization in the organelles or whether structure‐based catalytic differences also contribute. To investigate this lack of information, the X‐ray crystal structure of this protein was determined up to 1.90 Å resolution, in its unligated form and in complex with three natural ligands. These data, in conjunction with results from structure‐guided mutagenesis suggests that the trypanosome GK is possibly a transiently autophosphorylating threonine kinase, with the catalytic site formed by non‐conserved residues. Our results provide a series of structural peculiarities of this enzyme, and gives unexpected insight into the reverse catalysis mechanism. Together, they provide an encouraging molecular framework for the development of trypanosome GK‐specific inhibitors, which may lead to the design of new and safer trypanocidal drug(s).
Progesterone Receptor Inhibits Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells via Induction of MAPK Phosphatase 1 (MKP-1/DUSP1)*

Background: To elucidate mechanisms for anti-proliferative actions of progesterone/progesterone receptor (PR) in human breast cancer cells, we focused on MKP-1, a dual-specificity MAPK phosphatase. Results: MKP-1 serves as a PR target gene that mediates progesterone/PR suppression of T47D cell proliferation. Conclusion: MKP-1 is a critical mediator of anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions of PR in the breast. Significance: Findings suggest MKP-1 as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. The roles of progesterone (P4) and of progesterone receptor (PR) in development and pathogenesis of breast cancer remain unclear. In this study, we observed that treatment of T47D breast cancer cells with progestin antagonized effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to stimulate cell proliferation, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous PR abrogated progestin-mediated anti-proliferative effects. To begin to define mechanisms for the anti-proliferative action of P4/PR, we considered the role of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1/DUSP1), which catalyzes dephosphorylation and inactivation of MAPKs. Progestin treatment of T47D cells rapidly induced MKP-1 expression in a PR-dependent manner. Importantly, P4 induction of MKP-1 was associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, whereas siRNA knockdown of MKP-1 blocked progestin-mediated ERK1/2 dephosphorylation and repression of FBS-induced cell proliferation. The importance of PR in MKP-1 expression was supported by findings that MKP-1 and PR mRNA levels were significantly correlated in 30 human breast cancer cell lines. By contrast, no correlation was observed with the glucocorticoid receptor, a known regulator of MKP-1 in other cell types. ChIP and luciferase reporter assay findings suggest that PR acts in a ligand-dependent manner through binding to two progesterone response elements downstream of the MKP-1 transcription start site to up-regulate MKP-1 promoter activity. PR also interacts with two Sp1 sites just downstream of the transcription start site to increase MKP-1 expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that MKP-1 is a critical mediator of anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory actions of PR in the breast.
Continuous optimization, an introduction

2 (First order) Descent methods, rates 2 2.1 Gradient descent . 3 2.2 What can we achieve? 7 2.3 Second order methods: Newton’s method . 9 2.4 Multistep first order methods . 10 2.4. 1 Heavy ball method . 10 2.4. 2 The conjugate gradient method . 12 2.4. 3 Accelerated algorithm: Nesterov 83 . 14 2.5 Nonsmooth problems? 15 2.5. 1 Subgradient descent . 15 2.5. 2 Implicit descent . 15
Spatiotemporal distribution of Holocene populations in North America

Significance We provide the first maps to our knowledge of spatiotemporal paleodemographic growth following human migration into the Americas for the past 13,000 y, using a statistical approach that simultaneously addresses sampling and taphonomic biases. The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database is sufficiently complete in many areas, demonstrating high correspondence between continental-scale 14C-inferred population estimates and generally accepted archaeological history. Increases in population density seem robust for eastern and western North America, as well as central Alaska and the region surrounding Cahokia. These results are the first step toward being able to understand continental-scale human impacts on the North American ecosystem during the Holocene as well as demographic growth and migrations in relation to environmental changes. As the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets retreated, North America was colonized by human populations; however, the spatial patterns of subsequent population growth are unclear. Temporal frequency distributions of aggregated radiocarbon (14C) dates are used as a proxy of population size and can be used to track this expansion. The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database contains more than 35,000 14C dates and is used in this study to map the spatiotemporal demographic changes of Holocene populations in North America at a continental scale for the past 13,000 y. We use the kernel method, which converts the spatial distribution of 14C dates into estimates of population density at 500-y intervals. The resulting maps reveal temporally distinct, dynamic patterns associated with paleodemographic trends that correspond well to genetic, archaeological, and ethnohistoric evidence of human occupation. These results have implications for hypothesizing and testing migration routes into and across North America as well as the relative influence of North American populations on the evolution of the North American ecosystem.
The Net Benefits of Incentive-Based Regulation: A Case Study of Environmental Standard Setting

Economists interested in environmental, safety, and health regulation have long argued that decentralized, incentive-based (or IB) policies are more efficient than centralized, command-and-control (or CAC) approaches (see Charles Schultze, 1977, for instance). These arguments generally have been based on the assumption that IB policies will accomplish the same goals as their CAC counterparts, but at less cost to society. However, some of those touting IB policies have overlooked an important point: environmental, workplace, or even productsafety standards typically take the form of maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances, so that compliance only requires that all monitoring points or samples register readings below these critical levels. For this reason, IB policies typically assign a shadow price of zero to improvements that exceed the standard(s), while more crude CAC policies generally result in ";overcontrol" beyond the standards. If there is no value to this overcontrol, CAC policies will not improve at all on IB approaches and will indeed be more expensive. If, however, reduced concentrations below the level of the standards bring with them further improvements in health or the environment, CAC approaches will produce greater benefits than IB approaches. Thus, a fair comparison between the two necessitates that any additional benefits associated with CAC policies be offset against the cost advantages enjoyed by their IB counterparts. Although this possibility has been recognized by others (Scott Atkinson and T. H. Tietenberg, 1982, for instance), it is little appreciated and its empirical significance has never been ascertained. That is our purpose here. We do so by developing data on the costs and benefits of controlling a common air pollutant, total suspended particulates (or TSP), in Baltimore. By comparing the TSP levels likely under both IB and CAC approaches, we are able to estimate the marginal costs and benefits associated with a variety of alternative air quality standards which take the form of maximum permissible concentrations. This in turn allows us to determine the net benefits arising from the two kinds of regimes. In the next section we present a simple conceptual framework for our analysis. Section II describes the estimation of the costs and benefits of our hypothesized air pollution controls in Baltimore. Section III presents our somewhat surprising findings, and Section IV discusses those findings and their potential significance for regulation in the "real world. "
Association of IL-6, Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Function, and Depression in Patients With Cancer

Background: Evidence suggests that cytokines (IL-6) and alteration of the hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal (HPA) axis play a crucial role in the etiology of depression. Patients with cancer show elevated prevalence rates for depression. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between these abnormalities and depression. Methods: Plasma concentrations of IL-6 and cortisol were measured in cancer patients with (N = 31) and without depression (N = 83). The relative diurnal variation of cortisol (cortisol VAR), expressed in percentage, was calculated. Results: There was a significant difference in median plasma concentration of IL-6 between the patients with depression and those without (18.7 vs 2.7 pg/mL; P < .001). Relative cortisol VAR was decreased in depressed patients as compared with patients without depression (11.72% vs 60.6%, P = .037). A positive correlation between the depressive symptoms and IL-6 concentration was found (r = 0.469, P < .001). Negative correlations were found between cortisol VAR versus depressive symptoms and cortisol VAR versus IL-6 (r = -0.6, P < .001 and r = -0.52, P < .001, respectively). IL-6 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-1.2; P = .006) and cortisol VAR (OR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0-1.4; P = .02) are independently associated with depression. Conclusions: Depression in cancer is associated with increased plasma IL-6 concentrations and dysfunction of the HPA axis.
Where’s Wally? Audio–visual mismatch directs ocular saccades in sensory substitution

Sensory substitution is the representation of information from one sensory modality (e.g., vision) within another modality (e.g., audition). We used a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device (SSD) to explore the effect of incongruous (true-)visual and substituted-visual signals on visual attention. In our multisensory sensory substitution paradigm, both visual and sonified-visual information were presented. By making small alterations to the sonified image, but not the seen image, we introduced audio–visual mismatch. The alterations consisted of the addition of a small image (for instance, the Wally character from the ‘Where’s Wally? ’ books) within the original image. Participants were asked to listen to the sonified image and identify which quadrant contained the alteration. Monitoring eye movements revealed the effect of the audio–visual mismatch on covert visual attention. We found that participants consistently fixated more, and dwelled for longer, in the quadrant corresponding to the location (in the sonified image) of the target. This effect was not contingent on the participant reporting the location of the target correctly, which indicates a low-level interaction between an auditory stream and visual attention. We propose that this suggests a shared visual workspace that is accessible by visual sources other than the eyes. If this is indeed the case, it would support the development of other, more esoteric, forms of sensory substitution. These could include an expanded field of view (e.g., rear-view cameras), overlaid visual information (e.g., thermal imaging) or restoration of partial visual field loss (e.g., hemianopsia).