Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting occupational therapy services for patients with traumatic brain injury

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the top causes of disability in the younger population worldwide. Rehabilitation services should be accessible to all citizens to achieve universal health coverage. Objectives This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators influencing the provision of rehabilitation for patients with TBI from occupational therapists’ perspectives in Gauteng, South African healthcare facilities. It further explored the perceived strategies that would strengthen the delivery and provision of TBI rehabilitation. Method An exploratory qualitative research design was used in this study. A total of 16 occupational therapists were in focus groups either face-to-face or on an online platform. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the raw data. Results There were three themes that emerged from the study, namely, ‘Not a recipe’, ‘Toolbox’, and ‘Lost in the cracks’. These themes highlighted the various aspects affecting the rehabilitation of patients with TBI. Conclusion There are factors that both enhance and hinder service delivery for patients with TBI rehabilitation. Strategies to overcome barriers to TBI rehabilitation need to be considered to improve service provision for patients with TBI. Contribution This article provides recommendations to improve occupational therapy services for patients with TBI in South Africa. The findings can contribute to policy development and education requirements for TBI.
A preliminary investigation of the heat flux from the ocean to the atmosphere in Antarctic regions

Estimates have been made for the summer and fall seasons of the sensible and latent heat flux for 5° latitudinal zones from 40°S to 70°S eastward between 20°E and 180°. Results indicate that there are large variations in the total heat flux from summer to fall and from zone to zone, the largest seasonal variations occurring in the zones 40° to 45°S (183 cal/cm2/day) and 65° to 70°S (187 cal/cm2/day). A minimum in the total heat flux for both summer (16 cal/cm2/day) and fall (−54 cal/cm2/day) is found in the zone 50° to 55°S, the approximate mean position of the Antarctic Convergence. Annual evaporation values were determined, revealing a minimum (15 cm) in the zone 50° to 55°S with a secondary minimum (32 cm) along the coast.
A Novel Characteristic Mode Method to Enhance Axial-Ratio Bandwidth of Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Planar Antennas

A novel characteristic mode (CM) method for enhancing axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth (BW) of various low-profile circularly-polarized (CP) planar antennas is proposed. The basic idea of the modal method is to introduce a new CM, and then to properly adjust both its resonant frequency (ResF) and polarization, resulting in making full use of such two degrees of freedom. To demonstrate the modal method, a CP slot antenna is proposed and its 3-dB AR BW is effectively enhanced from 5.1% to 11.8%. A prototype for the enhanced CP slot antenna is fabricated and measured for experimental validation.
Potential for water use right market development in Italy: social acceptability in the context of climate change

Water scarcity and droughts events in Italy are occurring more frequently than in previous decades and are forecasted to be more severe in the future. Current water management will likely be no more suitable to face extreme events and more efficient instruments to balance future demand and supply of water resources, like water markets, are needed. The paper provides a description of the water scarcity and droughts issues as they are determined by climate change along with related weather patterns predictions for the next decades in Italy. Potential policy options that could be suitable for mitigating the effects of future weather patterns on the Italian agricultural sector are presented and critically commented. Social acceptability of economic and policy instruments, envisaged for tackling the issues of water scarcity and droughts, is explored by a twofold perspective: i) analyzing the argument by referring to recent scientific findings and ii) examining empirically the elicited social sensitiveness to both the phenomena and the instruments as regard the Italian context. The results show a prevailing awareness of the interviewees with regard the climate change phenomena and a common consensus about the need of improving the efficiency in water management. Surprisingly, a positive attitude toward the engagement in water exchange mechanisms emerged along with a preference for farm-to-farm and agriculture-domestic water exchanges. Normative and ethical inertias represents the major obstacle for the social acceptability and development of water markets. Information plays a major role in reducing biases in social perception of the water scarcity and droughts phenomena and related contrasting measures. Research is needed to address the interactions between social acceptability, economic viability and implementability of the proposed instruments.
Minimal Invasive Versus Open Surgery for Colorectal Liver Metastases: A Multicenter German StuDoQ|Liver Registry-Based Cohort Analysis in Germany

Objective: To compare the outcome of minimally invasive liver surgery (MILS) to open liver surgery (OLS) for resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) on a nationwide level. Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy worldwide. Up to 50% of all patients with colorectal cancer develop CRLM. MILS represents an attractive alternative to OLS for treatment of CRLM. Methods: Retrospective cohort study using the prospectively recorded German Quality management registry for liver surgery. Propensity-score matching was performed to account for variance in the extent of resection and patient demographics. Results: In total, 1037 patients underwent liver resection for CRLM from 2019 to 2021. MILS was performed in 31%. Operative time was significantly longer in MILS (234 vs 222 minutes, P = 0.02) compared with OLS. After MILS, median length of hospital stay (LOS) was significantly shorter (7 vs 10 days; P < 0.001). Despite 76% of major resections being OLS, postoperative complications and 90-day morbidity and mortality did not differ. The Pringle maneuver was more frequently used in MILS (48% vs 40%, P = 0.048). After propensity-score matching for age, body mass index, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, and extent of resection, LOS remained shorter in the MILS cohort (6 vs 10 days, P < 0.001) and operative time did not differ significantly (P = 0.2). Conclusion: MILS is not the standard for resection of CRLM in Germany. Drawbacks, such as a longer operative time remain. However, if technically possible, MILS is a reasonable alternative to OLS for resection of CRLM, with comparable postoperative complications, reduced LOS, and equal oncological radicality.
Effect of slide burnishing on corrosion potential in ASTM A-36 steel

This study investigates the corrosion potential of ASTM A-36 steel after slide burnishing using different applied forces. Turned samples of ASTM A-36 steel were subjected to slide burnishing surface treatment. The burnishing process was carried out with forces of 150 N, 300 N, and 450 N, at a travel speed of 100 mm/min. The effects of burnishing on the chemical composition of the material were analyzed using Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which indicated no changes in the chemical composition of the material. Corrosion potential measurements were performed using the Tafel test. The results showed that as the burnishing force increased, the corrosion potential shifted to lower values. Additionally, roughness analysis suggested that the change in corrosion potential was attributed to plastic deformation caused by the burnishing process. The increased mechanical work exerted on the material during burnishing may be the underlying reason for the observed shift towards lower corrosion potentials with higher applied forces.
Spatial and temporal variations in biogenic volatile organic compound emissions for Africa south of the equator

[1] Improved vegetation distribution and emission data for Africa south of the equator were developed for the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000) and were combined with biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emission measurements to estimate BVOC emissions for the southern African region. The BVOCs are estimated to total 80 Tg C yr−1 for the region, with isoprene and monoterpenes contributing 56 and 7 Tg C yr−1, respectively. The large uncertainties, particularly in terms of basal emission capacity assignment, associated with these outputs are discussed. Woodlands are predicted to be the dominant vegetation type, covering 23% of southern Africa, and are the largest annual source of isoprene (20 Tg C), monoterpenes (3 Tg C), and other VOCs (4 Tg C). Mopane savannas and woodlands are predicted to contribute over 75% of all monoterpenes, primarily from light-dependent emission processes. Rain forests cover only 3.5% of the total area but have high annual emission rates (9.8 g C m−2 yr−1). In the tropical regions with high rainfall, warm temperatures, and high plant productivity throughout the year, the seasonal variation in VOC emissions was small. In subtropical regions, dominated by highly seasonal savannas and grasslands, large variations were predicted, with emissions declining by up to 85% during dry winter periods (June–August) due to low leaf area index after leaf drop.
Water vapor and cloud water measurements over Darwin during the STEP 1987 tropical mission

Measurements of stratospheric and upper tropospheric cloud water plus water vapor (total water) and water vapor were made with two Lyman α hygrometers as part of the STEP tropical experiment. The in situ measurements were made in the Darwin, Australia, area in January and February of 1987 on an ER-2 aircraft. Average stratospheric water vapor at a potential temperature of 375 K (the average value of θ at the tropopause) was 2.4 parts per million by volume (ppmv). This water mixing ratio is below the 3.0 to 4.0 ppmv necessary to be consistent with the observed upper stratospheric dryness. Saturation with respect to ice and the potential for dehydration was observed up to θ = 402 K.
ARCHAEOLOGY, GENETICS AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY*

The current convergence is outlined between the three approaches to human diversity now offered by the disciplines of archaeology, histoncal linguistics and molecular genetics. The potentialities and pitfalls in the genetic evidence are reviewed. The outlines of the new account of linguistic diversity which may now be discerned receive a measure of support from the genetic evidence which is, however, especially in its application to the origins of the world's languages, subject to problems of interpretation. If we possessed a perfect pedigree of mankind, a genealogical arrangement of the races of man would afford the best classification of the various languages now spoken throughout the world; and if all the extinct languages, and all intermediate and slowly changing dialects had to be included, such an arrangement would, I think, be the only possible one . this would be strictly natural, as it would connect together all languages, extinct and modern, by the closest affinities, and would give the filiation and origin of each tongue (Darwin 1859: 405). It seems to me obvious that, though, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, unity of languages may afford a certain presumption in favour of the unity of stock of the peoples speaking those languages, it cannot be held to prove that unity of stock, unless phillologers are prepared to demonstrate that no nation can lose its language and acquire that of a distlinct nation, without a change of blood corresponding with the change of language (Huxley 1865: 260).
Evolution of electronic bandgap by anion variation to explore niobium new halide double perovskites Cs2GeNbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for solar cells and thermoelectric applications: first principles analysis

The structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the niobium new halide double perovskites Cs2GeNbX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) were investigated using a density functional theory method. The generalized gradient approximation (GGA) method is used to project the exchange-correlation potential. The tolerance factor and optimizing total energy define the structure's stability. The magnetic moments of our compounds are high, more than 3μB. The compounds have direct narrow band gaps of 0.69, 0.46, and 0.26 eV, respectively, for Cs2GeNbCl6, Cs2GeNbBr6, and Cs2GeNbI6, as determined by band structure calculations. This is ideal for investigating these compounds for use in solar cells. In addition, the investigated compounds were investigated in terms of optical absorption, refractive index, and dielectric constants for energy range 0–12 eV, ensuring absorption in infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions. This was done in order to study optical characteristics. The investigated compounds are excellent candidates for harvest solar cell applications due to their maximum visible absorption. They are also good candidates for thermoelectric applications due to their Seebeck coefficient, lattice thermal, electric conductivities and figure of merit (ZT) addressed by Boltzmann theory.
The Comparision of Plant Species Diversity in Gradient Altitude in Baba Mosa (North Khorasan, Iran)

Natural cache is shelter for flora and fauna of every country. Therefore Diversity is one of the main subjects in ecosystem researches. In order to determine the relationship between diversity indices and gradient altitude in babamosa (north khorasan, Iran), open transect was used. Six transect totally as long as 60 m were placed at 1 m from each other based on of gradient altitude from sea level. First diversity indices using related formula were calculated. Then the relation between diversity indices with altitude from sea level is determined. According to this study, Shannon-Winer's index function is more suitable for study of the relation of biodiversity with gradient of altitude. May suggest this index apply in such studies.
AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECTS IN CHONGQING BASED ON AVHRR AND DEM

In order to study the characteristics and change rules of the urban heat island(UHI) over complex terrain and to provide reference for urban ecological environment analysis,this article converts the black-body temperature field into the potential temperature field of the area studied with reference to the thermodynamic concepts and models and with the altitude 300 m as the reference height,based on the digital elevation model(DEM) and fourteen NOAA/AVHRR(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) data in 2006 in Chongqing.The results are the following:(1)Intensity of temperature field changes in mountains and valleys;cooling effect of vegetation on the surface is obvious;the scope of UHI is larger in Chongqing in the daytime,the function of the Yangtze River and Jialing River valley's cutting and separating actions on the UHI is remarkable,and the UHI on both banks of Jialing River becomes a whole body and the scope reduces at night;(2)There are several centers of UHI between July 25 to July 26.Their maximum intensities in the afternoon and early in the morning are respectively 6.4℃ and 2.2℃ and the average intensity respectively 6.05℃ and 2.05℃. And in such centers,the average intensity between the daytime and the night is 4.05℃;(3)Average maximum intensities between summer and autumn are respectively 5.23℃ and 3.29℃ during day and night;(4)The urban heat island intensity in the daytime is bigger than that at night in Chongqing,which is similar with the study results in Chengdu.But the average maximum intensity between summer and autumn is 4.26℃,which is lower than that of 6.50℃ in Chengdu.
Research on Population-Land-Industry Relationship Pattern in Underdeveloped Regions: Gansu Province of Western China as an Example

Urbanization is a three-dimensional process including population, spatial, and economic changes. The coordination among the three dimensions is the key to sustainable urban development. Here, a population-land-industry index system of urbanization is constructed, and the degree of coupling and mutual feedback among population urbanization, land urbanization, and industrial urbanization are analyzed. The urbanization patterns and their spatiotemporal variation are identified. The results show that: (1) Population and land urbanization proceeded slowly in Gansu Province and their trends were similar, whereas industry urbanization proceeded faster than the two. From a spatial perspective, population, land, and industrial urbanization levels (PUi, LUi, and IUi) decreased from southwest to northeast. The coupling degree of population, land, and industrial urbanization increased from 1998 to 2016 and showed significant spatial variation, decreasing from northwest to southeast. (2) Population, land, and industry all play a role in urbanization. PUi was significantly and positively correlated with LUi. However, there was no significant correlation between IUi and PUi and between IUi and LUi. The improvement of PUi, LUi, and IUi effectively promoted the coupling degree of population, land, and industrial urbanization. (3) Seven urbanization patterns were identified in Gansu Province and evaluation units with the same urbanization pattern tended to be spatially close to each other. IUi > PUi > LUi (IX), IUi > LUi > PUi (X) and IUi > PUi = LUi (XI) were the dominant urbanization patterns. There was crisscross distribution of various urbanization patterns and, thus, it was not easy to observe the agglomeration center of certain urbanization pattern. (4) The urbanization pattern of the same evaluation unit changed with time. This change was mainly reflected in the change of relationship between population and land urbanization. Urbanization pattern changed more significantly in 2008–2016 than in 1998–2008. The changes were dominant by IX→XI, X→XI, XI→IX, and XI→X.
Feeding children with autism in South Africa: The teachers’ perspectives

Background Over 80% of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (autism) exhibit disruptive behaviours during mealtimes, highlighting the need for personalised care. In South Africa, teachers often take on the responsibility of feeding due to resource constraints and the time children spend at school. Moreover, children with autism have unique and individualised feeding requirements, which many teachers may not have the necessary training or skills to address adequately. Objectives To explore the ways in which teachers of autistic children manage feeding difficulties in the classroom. Method A qualitative research design was employed using semi-structured interviews. Eight teachers were interviewed on feeding autistic children between the ages of 3 years - 9 years in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Results The findings revealed that teachers encountered distinct challenges when it came to feeding autistic children in the classroom, particularly concerning the management of associated feeding difficulties. Teachers employed several strategies to encourage eating in the classroom setting including: (1) bolus modification, (2) behaviour modelling, (3) positive reinforcement and (4) offering choices and alternatives. Conclusion The study concludes the need for specialised support and training for teachers to address the individualised feeding needs of children with autism. Implementing targeted interventions and providing resources for teachers could enhance their abilities to effectively support children with autism during mealtimes and promote a more inclusive classroom environment. Contribution This study highlighted the importance of including the teacher in the multidisciplinary team when managing the feeding challenges in children with autism.
Never Say Never: Successful Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) Following A Prolonged Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection

Introduction Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) may be a life-saving rescue therapy for patients with severe cardiac disease of any origin and circulatory failure. Data in the literature have demonstrated that the use of advanced mechanical circulation has resulted in improvements in both survival and quality of life; despite this, cardiogenic shock and refractory cardiac arrest remain conditions with high mortality. Opportune identification of patients who can benefit from it may improve outcomes. However, the shortage of guidelines on indications often results in a high mortality rate and poor outcome. Due to ethical issues, randomised controlled studies with VA-ECMO have not been conducted so no recommended evidence-based guidelines exist for VA-ECMO patient-selection criteria. Therefore, the indications depend only on expert opinion after reviewing the literature. Case description We report the case of a young female patient who presented with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to spontaneous coronary dissection. She was treated with extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) with excellent results in terms of short and long-term survival, and neurological outcome. This was despite the presence of several clinical and laboratory negative prognostic factors on the basis of the current literature, and the lack of general consensus among the relevant medical personnel. Conclusion We were able to explain the favourable outcome only on the basis of clinical data. We can conclude that the availability of advanced resources in the area (timeliness of the rescues, quality of the resuscitation, an advanced haemodynamic management centre nearby) has contributed to determining the complete clinical and neurological recovery of the patient. LEARNING POINTS Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation to rescue patients with cardiac arrest refractory to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation could represent a life-saving technique in carefully selected patients. Refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with evolution to a non-shockable rhythm and severe lactic acidosis are conditions that should not rule out ECPR. Evidence-based selection of ECPR patients remains challenging, but it could be considered as a therapeutic option in dedicated specialised centres.
Primary and Secondary Control as Antecedents to the Dark Traits in Predicting Attraction to Hacking Behavior

The current study examines the relationship between the need for control, the Dark Triad personality traits, and hacking intent. We surveyed 523 individuals using a scenario design and investigated the role of both primary and secondary control as antecedents to Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism leading to both white- (i.e., ethical) and black-hat hacking interest. Our findings suggest that primary control is a significant antecedent to all three dark personality traits such that a higher intrinsic need for control is positively associated with Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Secondary control, however, has comparatively different effects on dark personality traits, demonstrating a negative effect only on psychopathy. Both Machiavellianism and psychopathy predicted both white- and black-hat hacking interests along with the perceived probability of apprehension. Overall, our findings suggest that primary control drives all three dark personality traits, yet only two of the three dark personality traits – Machiavellianism and psychopathy – are related to hacking interest.