Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Internal Tides on Acoustic Propagation in the Philippine Sea

Abstract : In 2009, a monthlong study was conducted in the Western Philippine Sea. This experiment collected oceanographic and acoustic data from two moorings, the Distributed Vertical Line Array (DVLA) and T1 moorings. The T1 mooring used a 1,095m depth source to send broadband acoustic signals to DVLA receivers located between the depths of 800m and 1,385m. Jacob A. Fischer conducted the internal tide analysis presented in Chapter II. The oceanographic data were used to quantify the characteristics of internal tides in the sample area. Spectral analysis and mode fitting, shows that most of the energy within the internal tides is due to mode 1 of the tidal frequencies. Weston R.T. Coby conducted the acoustic analysis presented in Chapter III. The acoustic data were first used to identify acoustic timefronts across the observed depths, and track the timefronts arrivals. A ray prediction model was then used to match eigenray properties to the observed timefronts. Finally the Viterbi program was used to track timefront arrivals, and intensity for statistical analysis. Weston R.T. Coby and Jacob A. Fischer jointly compared the internal tide and acoustic variability presented in Chapter IV, proving internal tides significantly impact sound speed fluctuations in the Philippine Sea.
Iridium in the Vredefort Bronzite Granophyre - Impact melting and limits on a possible extraterrestrial component

The Bronzite Granophyre was analyzed for Ir and other elements to examine whether its origin was due to impact melting or conventional igneous assimilation and to search for a possible extraterrestrial component in the melt. No such component is identified. Ir values range from 50-130 pg/g, equivalent to less than 0.05 percent C1 material. Further evidence against an extraterrestrial source of siderophiles are the low Ir/Au ratios and the absence of systematic correlations between Ir and other elements. However, the Granophyre is significantly enriched in Ir over other Vredefort granitic rocks, implying a fundamental difference between them. Geochemical mixing models indicate that the Ir observed in the Granophyre can be supplied from high-Ir local shales and quartzites during an impact melting event. The results are consistent with the view that the Granophyre is an impact melt and that Vredefort is an impact structure.
Desert Soil Properties after Thirty Years of Vegetation Restoration in Northern Shaanxi Province of China

The vegetation restoration sequence of “grass-shrub-tree” has been successfully employed in many degraded areas; however, its applicability in desertified area reclamation is questionable. In this study, soil properties of a desertified land in the northern Shaanxi province of China were determined to assess the performance of this restoration sequence. Soil samples were collected from a contiguous area consisting of a control area of original desertified land (bare control) and three vegetation restoration sequence communities (continuous grass, grass-shrubs, and grass-shrub-trees) for 30 years. Results indicate that revegetation on the desertified area decreased soil bulk density (BD) and increased soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available nutrients (N, P, and K), and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Nonactive organic carbon (NAOC) and carbon pool management index (CMI) also improved in the top soil layer but not in the lower layer. Soil texture as well as total potassium (TK) and phosphorus (TP) did not change significantly. Comparing the three vegetation restoration communities, soil physical properties, SOM, and available nutrient content improved in grassland and shrubland, but declined in treeland, lability of C (L) was higher in the top layer of restored area than in bare control. L was 0.35–0.54 in grassland, 0.49–0.57 in shrubland, 0.43–0.52 in treeland, and 0.24 to 0.26 in bare control. Results of this study indicate that vegetation restoration on desertified land can improve soil properties. However, the popular restoration sequence of “grass-shrub-tree” is not appropriate for the restoration of semi-arid study area with low precipitation.
Isolating cause-effect chains from computer programs

Consider the execution of a failing program as a sequence of program states. Each state induces the following state, up to the failure. Which variables and values of a program state are relevant for the failure? We show how the Delta Debugging algorithm isolates the relevant variables and values by systematically narrowing the state difference between a passing run and a failing run--by assessing the outcome of altered executions to determine wether a change in the program state makes a difference in the test outcome. Applying Delta Debugging to multiple states of the program automatically reveals the cause-effect chain of the failure--that is, the variables and values that caused the failure.In a case study, our prototype implementation successfully isolated the cause-effect chain for a failure of the GNU C compiler: "Initially, the C program to be compiled contained an addition of 1.0; this caused an addition operator in the intermediate RTL representation; this caused a cycle in the RTL tree--and this caused the compiler to crash. "
The Mean Circulation East of the Bahamas as Determined from a Recent Measurement Program and Historical XBT Data

Abstract Observational evidence from a two-ship synoptic survey, from one-year-long current measurements at four sites, and from two independent long-term expendable-baththermograph (XBT) data sets is combined to describe the circulation east of the Bahamas. The results indicate that a weak Antilles Current actually exists at mid-depths, about 300–100 m, with a northward transport along this boundary of about 4 × 106 m3 s−1. However, both the dynamic height fields and water mass distributions suggest that this current does not represent return flow from the gyre-wire Sverdrup recirculation but instead is part of the northwestern Gulf Stream recirculation system, west of about 50°W. The near-surface flow east of the Bahamas is more complicated and consists of two isolated anticyclonic circulation cells along the boundary. The most intense of these is centered just northeast of Abaco Island in the northern Bahamas; the southern, weaker cell is centered at about 24°N, 71°W. In the area just north of Puerto R.
Inequidad en las Coberturas de Vacunación Infantil en Colombia, Años 2000 y 2003

Objetivo Determinar si se presentan inequidades en las coberturas de vacunacion infantil entre los municipios de Colombia, para el conjunto del esquema de inmunizaciones y segun el tipo de biologico. Metodos Estudio ecologico con informacion secundaria para los anos 2000 y 2003. Se calcularon tres indicadores: (1) las brechas de cobertura: entendidas como las diferencias entre las coberturas municipales y el valor nacional, (2) el coeficiente de Gini y (3) la curva de Lorenz. Resultados Se encontro en el ambito nacional disminucion en las coberturas de vacunacion, al pasar de un 78,8 % a un 66,8 % entre los dos anos de estudio. En el ambito municipal, se incremento el numero de entidades con brechas de cobertura con respecto al valor nacional entre los dos anos. Los indices y curvas de concentracion de las coberturas de vacunacion muestrean la persistencia de desigualdades entre los municipios durante el periodo de estudio, aunque se logran mejorias al pasar de un coeficiente de Gini de 0,18 a 0,13 entre el 2000 y el 2003. Para la vacuna contra la influenza se alcanzo el mayor grado de disminucion en las desigualdades entre los dos anos, seguida por la vacuna contra la hepatitis B, mientras que los menores cambios fueron para la vacuna contra la tuberculosis (BCG); a su vez, para la vacuna antipolio oral los cambios se estimaron en valores intermedios entre la BCG y la hepatitis B. Conclusiones Se requiere focalizar las acciones en territorios identificados con persistentes bajas coberturas y altas brechas en relacion con el nivel nacional.
Cellular hallmarks reveal restricted aerobic metabolism at thermal limits

All organisms live within a given thermal range, but little is known about the mechanisms setting the limits of this range. We uncovered cellular features exhibiting signature changes at thermal limits in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. These included changes in embryo size and shape, which were also observed in Caenorhabditis briggsae, indicating evolutionary conservation. We hypothesized that such changes could reflect restricted aerobic capacity at thermal limits. Accordingly, we uncovered that relative respiration in C. elegans embryos decreases at the thermal limits as compared to within the thermal range. Furthermore, by compromising components of the respiratory chain, we demonstrated that the reliance on aerobic metabolism is reduced at thermal limits. Moreover, embryos thus compromised exhibited signature changes in size and shape already within the thermal range. We conclude that restricted aerobic metabolism at the thermal limits contributes to setting the thermal range in a metazoan organism. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.04810. 001
The Effect of Institutional Distance on Corporate Tax Avoidance: Evidence from Foreign Institutional Investors

This study examines whether foreign institutional investors (FIIs) help explain variation in corporate tax avoidance and whether mechanisms such as tax morality, investment horizon, and corporate governance underlie the relation between FIIs and tax avoidance. We find robust evidence that FIIs are negatively associated with corporate tax avoidance. Moreover, this negative association is dominated by FIIs from countries with high tax morality, FIIs with long-term investment horizons, and FIIs from countries with high corporate governance quality. We conclude that FIIs play an active role in shaping corporate tax avoidance policy.
Shock compression of Fe‐Ni‐Si system to 280 GPa: Implications for the composition of the Earth's outer core

The shock Hugoniot of an Fe‐9 wt %Ni‐10 wt %Si system as a model of the Earth's core has been measured up to ~280 GPa using a two‐stage light‐gas gun. The samples had an average density of 6.853 (±0.036) g/cm3. The relationship between shock velocity (Us) and particle velocity (up) can be described by Us (km/s) = 3.95 (±0.15) + 1.53 (±0.05) up (km/s). The calculated Hugoniot temperatures and the melting curve indicate that the model composition melts above a shock pressure of ~168 GPa, which is significantly lower than the shock‐melting pressure of iron (~225 GPa). A comparison of the pressure‐density (P‐ρ) profiles between the model composition and the preliminary reference Earth model gives a silicon content close to 10 wt %, necessary to compensate the density deficit in the Earth's outer core from seismological observations, if silicon is present as a major light element in the Fe‐Ni core system.
Effect of Scarf and Chevron combined with Akin on postoperative balance in patients with moderate to severe foot bunion.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Scarf and Chevron combined with Akin on a postoperative balance of patients with moderate to severe foot bunion. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred (100 feet) patients with moderate to severe bunion cysts treated at our hospital from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively selected as subjects and divided into 2 groups according to their surgical procedure. The control group received Scarf combined with Akin, and the study group received Chevron combined with Akin. Oxidative stress mediators [late oxidized protein product (AOPP), lipid peroxide (LPO)], inflammatory factors [interleukin-1β (IL-1β), procalcitonin (PCT)], Hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal joint angle (DMAA) Angle, ankle-hind foot American Orthotic Foot and Ankle Association (AOFAS) score, pain visual analog scale (VAS) score and balance Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score were compared between the two groups before and after surgery. The effectiveness and safety of the operation were compared. RESULTS The levels of AOPP and LPO in the study group decreased most significantly, t=1.081 and 10.850, p=0.001; the levels of IL-1β and PCT in the study group increased most significantly, t=16.970 and 12.260, p=0.001; the indexes of HVA, IMA, and DMAA in the study group increased significantly, t=11.890, 11.550, and 12.670, p=0.001; the AOFAS and BBS scores in the study group increased significantly, while the VAS score in the study group decreased significantly, t=14.760, 13.580, 5.994, p=0.001; the total effective rate of treatment in the study group was the highest, χ²=6.960, p=0.00; the total incidence of complications in the study group was the lowest, χ²=1.834, p=0.175. CONCLUSIONS Chevron combined with Akin is more effective than Scarf combined with Akin in treating moderate to severe foot bunion, the former is more minimally invasive and has a better effect in promoting postoperative balance recovery.
Does the route matter? A preclinical review of mesenchymal stromal cell delivery to the kidney

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) therapy has been thoroughly tested in preclinical animal models and holds great promise for the treatment of kidney diseases. It is becoming increasingly evident that the efficacy of MSC therapy is dependent on several factors including dosage, the tissue source of MSCs, the route of delivery and timing of administration. In a time where MSC therapy is moving from preclinical research to clinically therapeutic use, the importance of choice of delivery method, modality, and administration route increases. In this review, we provide an overview of the different MSC delivery routes used in preclinical kidney disease models, highlight the recent advances in the field, and summarize studies comparing delivery routes of MSCs to the kidney.
Title : Probiotic Dahi containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum modulates the formation of aberrant crypt foci , mucin depleted foci and cell proliferation on 1 , 2-dimethylhydrazine induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats

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Percutaneous microwave ablation of hepatic tumors: is there an impact of cirrhotic liver parenchyma upon the volume and short-term assessment of the ablation zone?

Objective To retrospectively compare and evaluate ablation zone volume and its reduction from baseline to 1 month follow-up post-percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) between healthy and cirrhotic liver parenchyma. Methods Institutional database research identified 84 patients (118 hepatic tumors) who underwent percutaneous MWA with the same system. Caudal-right lobe ratio was applied to distinguish cirrhotic (n = 51) and healthy (n = 67) group; ITK-SNAP software was used to quantify ablation zone volume. Long (LAD) and short 1 (SAD-1) and 2 (SAD-2) axis, tumor size diameter (mm) and volume (cm³) of the ablation zones were evaluated for each treated lesion in both groups at baseline (immediately post-ablation) and at 1 month follow-up. Results There was no significant difference comparing ablation zone volumes at baseline (healthy group: mean ablation volume 14.84 cm³ vs cirrhotic group: mean ablation volume 17.85 cm³, p = 0.31) and 1 month post-ablation (healthy group: mean ablation volume 9.15 cm³ vs cirrhotic group: mean ablation volume 11.58 cm³, p = 0.24). When both “healthy” and “cirrhotic” liver group were evaluated independently, there was a significant difference of ablation volumes reduction (p-value < 0.001) from baseline to 1 month follow-up. When both groups were compared based on reduction (35.12–38.34%) there was no significant difference in ablation zone volumes (p-value = 0.77). Conclusion Percutaneous MWA results in ablation zones of a comparable volume in both healthy and cirrhotic liver parenchyma. Both cirrhotic and healthy liver parenchyma experience a similar significant reduction of ablation zone volume at 1 month post-therapy. Advances in knowledge statement This study evaluates and compares the volume of the ablation zone after MWA between healthy and cirrhotic liver parenchyma from baseline to 1 month follow-up and attempts to identify potential differences. It is the first study to demonstrate significant shrinkage of ablation volumes in healthy livers as compared to cirrhotic livers after 4 weeks of follow-up. The results of this study can help us understand the effect of MWA when applied in different backgrounds of liver parenchyma, which could lead to different treatment planning.
Effect of Virtual Reality Training on Balance and Gait Ability in Patients With Stroke: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Virtual reality (VR) training is considered to be a promising novel therapy for balance and gait recovery in patients with stroke. Purpose The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review with meta-analysis to investigate whether balance or gait training using VR is more effective than conventional balance or gait training in patients with stroke. Data Sources A literature search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library up to December 1, 2015. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials that compared the effect of balance or gait training with and without VR on balance and gait ability in patients with stroke were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Twenty-one studies with a median PEDro score of 6.0 were included. The included studies demonstrated a significant greater effect of VR training on balance and gait recovery after stroke compared with conventional therapy as indicated with the most frequently used measures: gait speed, Berg Balance Scale, and Timed “Up & Go” Test. Virtual reality was more effective to train gait and balance than conventional training when VR interventions were added to conventional therapy and when time dose was matched. Limitations The presence of publication bias and diversity in included studies were limitations of the study. Conclusions The results suggest that VR training is more effective than balance or gait training without VR for improving balance or gait ability in patients with stroke. Future studies are recommended to investigate the effect of VR on participation level with an adequate follow-up period. Overall, a positive and promising effect of VR training on balance and gait ability is expected.
Using Multiple Metal Mixture Models to Predict Toxicity of Riverine Sediment Porewater to the Benthic Life Stage of Juvenile White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

Five metal mixture dose–response models were used to predict the toxicity of porewater to young sturgeon at areas of interest in the Upper Columbia River (WA, USA/BC, Canada) and to evaluate these models as tools for risk assessments. Dose components of metal mixture models included exposure to free metal ion activities or metal accumulation by biotic ligands or humic acid, and links of dose to response used logistic equations, independent joint action equations, or additive toxicity functions. Laboratory bioassay studies of single metal exposures to juvenile sturgeon, porewater collected in situ in the fast‐flowing Upper Columbia River, and metal mixture models were used to evaluate toxicity. The five metal mixture models were very similar in their predictions of adverse response of juvenile sturgeon and in identifying copper (Cu) as the metal responsible for the most toxic conditions. Although the modes of toxic action and the 20% effective concentration values were different among the dose models, predictions of adverse response were consistent among models because all doses were tied to the same biological responses. All models indicated that 56% ± 5% of 122 porewater samples were predicted to have <20% adverse response, 25% ± 5% of samples were predicted to have 20% to 80% adverse response, and 20% ± 4% were predicted to have >80% adverse response in juvenile sturgeon. The approach of combining bioassay toxicity data, compositions of field porewater, and metal mixture models to predict lack of growth and survival of aquatic organisms due to metal toxicity is an important tool that can be integrated with other information (e.g., survey studies of organism populations, life cycle and behavior characteristics, sediment geochemistry, and food sources) to assess risks to aquatic organisms in metal‐enriched ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:62–73. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Metode Estimasi Delay Signal Untuk Sistem Secondary Surveillance Radar Tracking Roket

Desain dan simulasi sistem secondary RADAR telah dikembangkan untuk estimasi trayektori roket dalam uji terbang. Salah satu bagian algoritma yang sangat penting adalah estimasi time delay antara signal yang dikirim dengan signal yang diterima. Di dalam tulisan ini kami membahas algoritma TDOA (Time Delay Of Arrival) berbasis frekuensi (frequency-domain) untuk prosesing signal tersebut. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dalam kondisi random noise yang besar, algoritma ini lebih presisi dan akurat dibanding dengan algoritma berbasis waktu. Sampai dengan SNR = 0.25 nilai kesalahan masih relative kecil Keywords: FFT, cross-correlation function, time delay, secondary RADAR, trajectory rocket.
Genomic analysis reveals a cryptic pangolin species

Significance Our results provide consistent and compelling genomic evidence for a previously unrecognized genetic lineage distinct from all the eight currently known pangolin species, justifying its designation as a new pangolin species, which becomes the ninth pangolin species or the fifth Asian pangolin (Manis mysteria). Besides genomic assessment, we also present characterization of the new species’ scales and provide morphological evidence that the new species belongs to the Asian rather than the African pangolins. Our finding greatly expands current knowledge of pangolin diversity and evolution. Our analyses also show genomic signatures of a declining population including lower heterozygosity, higher inbreeding level, and genetic load, which makes it merit urgent conservation concerns and assessment.
The development and predictors of a preference for strivers over naturals in the United States and China.

Across three pre-registered studies (n = 221 4-9-year olds, 51% female; 218 parents, 80% female; working- and middle-class backgrounds; data collected during 2019-2021) conducted in the United States (Studies 1-2; 74% White) and China (Study 3; 100% Asian), we document the emergence of a preference for "strivers. " Beginning at age 7, strivers (who work really hard) were favored over naturals (who are really smart) in both cultures (R2 ranging .03-.11). We explored several lay beliefs surrounding this preference. Beliefs about outcomes and the controllability of effort predicted the striver preference: Children who expected strivers to be more successful than naturals and believed effort was more controllable than talent preferred strivers more. Implications of the striver preference in education and beyond are discussed.