Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal structure and magmato‐tectonic processes in an active rift (Asal‐Ghoubbet, Afar, East Africa): 2. Insights from the 23‐year recording of seismicity since the last rifting event

[1] The Asal-Ghoubbet (AG) Rift has sustained a major volcano-tectonic rifting episode in 1978 and has been subsequently monitored with continuous geodetic and seismological surveys. It is therefore an ideal place to study the transient magmato-tectonic processes that operate after a rifting episode. We examine the space-time evolution of ∼2500 Md ≤ 2.8 earthquakes recorded in the rift from 1979 to 2001. We focus on the relationships between this seismic activity and both the three-dimensional structure of the rift and its postrifting behavior depicted from geodesy. The results highlight the major role of the central magmatic system (Fieale-Shark Bay) on the structure, seismic activity, and overall behavior of the rift. From 1978 to 1986, the rift opens at a fast rate, yet mainly aseismically; the opening is magmatically driven and accommodated. Since 1986, when the opening rate abruptly decreased, the seismicity is concentrated in the central part of the rift and reveals pulses of activity of the central volcanic system. These pulses result from that magmatic zone undergoing alternating stretching and inflating episodes. Thus, while the plate-driven induced stresses have been rebuilding in the rift since 1987, the rift opening is still essentially accommodated in the axial magmatic zone. The AG Rift has thus sustained a postrifting unsteady opening over more than 23 years following its stretching episode. That transient opening has essentially occurred aseismically, and most tectonic faults remain relaxed and locked.
The Control System for 5-DOF Magnetic Levitation Capsule Robot

For the successful and efficient operation of capsule endoscope robots in the human stomach, high-accuracy and multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) motion control of capsule robots is crucial. This paper constructs a human-sized magnetic control system and proposes a 5-DOF motion control method that utilizes electromagnetic coils and a localization approach based on a simulated annealing-particle swarm optimization algorithm, aiming to enhance the accuracy of deflection control. The results indicate that the proposed methods achieve excellent levitation stability and improved translation and orientation control accuracy, highlighting the potential benefits of employing this method in the control system for capsule robots.
SWOT Analysis of Utilization of Nuclear Power Plants to Support Net Zero Emissions in Indonesia

The electricity and heat sectors produce enormous CO2 emissions as a greenhouse gas which destroys the ozone layer. Many CO2 emissions come from burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas in power generation. Coal Fired Power Plants (CFPP) supply more than 50% of electricity in Indonesia. The Indonesian government plans a zero-carbon program in 2060 where the Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) starts operating in 2045. This study aims to analyze the use of NPP in the program. Strength weakness opportunity and threat (SWOT) analysis is used to examine the utilization of NPP from a technical, economic, and social perspective. From the analysis and discussions, it is concluded that NPP has strengths, namely low CO2 emission, high operational reliability, and has a large economic impact. The weaknesses of the NPP include the relatively high LCOE, high overnight costs, fuel supply risk, and public concern about safety. NPP opportunities in Indonesia are sustainable economic growth and electricity, the CFPP early retirement program, and public opinion that supports NPP development. While the NPP threats are the high potential for earthquakes and tsunamis in Indonesia which can trigger NPP accidents, a significant reduction in the cost of renewable energy, especially PV modules, and political issues.
Effect of either soya or linseed oil supplementation of grazing dairy cows on milk production and methane emissions

Effect of either soya or linseed oil supplementation of grazing dairy cows on milk production and methane emissions J D Rowntree, K M Pierce, F Buckley, K J Petrie, J J Callan, D A Kenny, T M Boland University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland Animal Bioscience Centre, Teagasc, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland Moorepark Dairy Production Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland Email: tommy.boland@ucd.ie
The Peru Upwelling and the Ventilation of the South Pacific Thermocline

A reconstruction of the prebomb A 14C distribution in the tropical Pacific using data from old coral heads shows that surface waters with the lowest A14C content are found distinctly south of the equator. Prebomb, low-A 14C surface water appears to owe its origin to the upwelling of -- 15oC water off the coast of Peru. The low-A 4C water upwelling off Peru is shown to be derived from the "13 o Water" thermostad (11o-14oC)of the Equatorial Undercurrent. Untritiated water in the lower part of the undercurrent had nearly the same A 4C content during the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) as the prebomb growth bands in Druffel's (1981) Galapagos coral. Similar A 4C levels were observed in 9o-10oC water in the southwest Pacific thermocline in the late 1950s. We suggest that the low-A 4C water upwelling off Peru and the thermostad water in the undercurrent both originate as --8oC water in the subantarctic region of the southwest Pacific. This prescription points to the "lighter variety" of Subantarctic Mode Water (7o-10oC) as a possible source. Because prebomb A14C is so weakly forced by exchange of carbon isotopes with the atmosphere, thermocline levels of A 4C should be particularly unaffected by diapycnal mixing with warmer overlying water types. We argue that successively less dense features of the South Pacific thermocline, like the Subantarctic Mode Water, the equatorial 13oC Water, and the Peru upwelling, may be part of a single process of thermocline ventilation. Each evolves from the other by diapycnal alteration, while prebomb A 14C is nearly conserved. Detailed comparisons are made between the coral A4C distribution and a model simulation of radiocarbon in Toggweiler et al. (1989). While the A4C data suggest a southern hemisphere thermocline origin for the equatorial A4C minimum, the model produces its A14C minimum by upwelling abyssal water to the surface via the equatorial divergence. In an appendix to the paper we present a new set of coral A4C measurements produced over the last 10 years at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory and compile a post-1950 set of published coral A14C measurements for use in model validation studies.
Comment on “Heat capacity, time constant, and sensitivity of Earth's climate system” by S. E. Schwartz

[1] Schwartz [2007] (hereinafter referred to as SES) recently suggested a method to calculate equilibrium climate sensitivity (the equilibrium global surface warming for a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration), the effective heat capacity of the Earth’s climate system, the temperature response time scale relevant to climate change, an estimate of total radiative forcing as well as the magnitude of the aerosol forcing over the 20th century. The main results are that the characteristic response time scale of global temperature is 5 ± 1 years and climate sensitivity is 0.30 ± 0.14 K/(W m ), corresponding to an equilibrium temperature increase for doubling atmospheric CO2 of 1.1 ± 0.5 K. In practical terms, this means that global surface temperature is nearly in equilibrium with radiative forcing, and that the sum of all feedbacks (water vapor, lapse rate, clouds, albedo) is close to zero. These results are at odds with most of the current literature on climate sensitivity, the idea of commitment warming and with the magnitudes of climate feedbacks quantified in models and observations. If true, the low climate sensitivity would allow for much higher atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations to be consistent with a given stabilization temperature compared to the current consensus. It would also imply that stabilization of atmospheric CO2 would lead to stabilization of global temperatures within a few years. [2] In simple terms, SES uses an energy balance argument to claim that climate sensitivity S is given by S = t/C, where C is the effective heat capacity of the Earth and t is a characteristic time scale. The effective heat capacity is obtained by a regression of observed global ocean heat uptake versus global surface temperature (as done in several previous studies), while t is obtained from the autocorrelation of the observed linearly detrended global surface temperature time series. Details are discussed by Schwartz [2007].
Toward Perceiving Robots as Humans: Three Handshake Models Face the Turing-Like Handshake Test

In the Turing test a computer model is deemed to “think intelligently” if it can generate answers that are indistinguishable from those of a human. We developed an analogous Turing-like handshake test to determine if a machine can produce similarly indistinguishable movements. The test is administered through a telerobotic system in which an interrogator holds a robotic stylus and interacts with another party - artificial or human with varying levels of noise. The interrogator is asked which party seems to be more human. Here, we compare the human-likeness levels of three different models for handshake: (1) Tit-for-Tat model, (2) λ model, and (3) Machine Learning model. The Tit-for-Tat and the Machine Learning models generated handshakes that were perceived as the most human-like among the three models that were tested. Combining the best aspects of each of the three models into a single robotic handshake algorithm might allow us to advance our understanding of the way the nervous system controls sensorimotor interactions and further improve the human-likeness of robotic handshakes.
On the source of the polar wind in the polar topside ionosphere: First results from the EISCAT Svalbard radar

We present quantitative radar observations of both hydrogen ion (H+) and oxygen ion (O+) upflow in the topside polar ionosphere using measurements that were recently carried out with the EISCAT Svalbard Radar and the Reimei satellite. H+ upflow was clearly observed equatorward of the cusp above 500 km altitude. Within the cusp the H+ density was very low, and the upflow was dominated by O+ ions, but on closed field lines the H+ became the larger contributor to the upward flux above about 550 km. The total flux seemed to be conserved, and so below 550 km altitude O+ (with a small upward velocity of ∼50 m s−1) appeared to determine the upward flux which was then maintained by H+ in the topside ionosphere. We also found that the H+ density in the topside polar ionosphere was several times higher than current predictions of ionospheric models like IRI2001.
Origins of African dust transported over the northeastern tropical Atlantic

On the basis of 3 years of daily measurements of mineral dust concentrations at Sal Island (Cape Verde), this study focuses on the origin of the dust transported over the northeastern tropical Atlantic during the dusty season (October to April). Using backward trajectories, we have identified three different sectors of origin of the transported dust, covering the Sahara (north/west and central/south) and the Sahel regions. Time variations of the dust transport from these different areas can be explained by the seasonal shift of the subtropical high-pressure center. A geochemical approach highlights that the calcium amount and the Si/Al ratio of the transported dust differ according to these source regions, in relation to their respective soil compositions.
Spectral reflectance of carbonate minerals in the visible and near infrared (0.35–2.55 um): Anhydrous carbonate minerals

Reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared (0.35–2.55 um) offers a rapid, inexpensive, nondestructive technique for determining the mineralogy and gaining information on the minor element chemistry of carbonate minerals and rocks. Spectra of all commonly occurring anhydrous end-member carbonate minerals contain seven strong absorption bands at wavelengths >1.6 um due to vibrations of the carbonate radical. Positions, widths, and spacing between carbonate bands are diagnostic of mineralogy. Differences in positions of carbonate bands between spectra of different minerals are primarily due to differences in mass of the major cation, with cation electronegativity playing a secondary role. Spectra of calcite group minerals may contain absorption features due to transition metal cations such as Fe and Mn, which can also aid in mineral identification. Spectra confirm the occurrence of both cations in the divalent state. Fe2+ produces a broad feature near 1.1 um whose position and degree of doubling are related to the size and degree of distortion of the octahedral site, as predicted by crystal field theory. Mn2+ and Fe2+ produce very strong absorption bands in the minerals for which they are the major cation (rhodochrosite and siderite, respectively), making it easy to distinguish these from other carbonate minerals, even when presence of water bands may make it difficult to determine accurately carbonate band positions.
Spatial and temporal variability in the responses of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems to environmental change

This paper compares the responses of two contrasting Arctic ecosystems to climate change simulations: a polar semi-desert (in Svalbard) and a dwarf shrub heath (at Abisko, northern Sweden). These ecosystems are located close to the northern-and southernmost extremes of the Arctic region, respectively. Inmacts of simulated climatic changes were determined through factorial perturbation experiments, where growing season temperature, nutrient availability and water supply were manipulated. The results are compared with the impact of interannual variation in climate on the growth of a keystone moss species, Hylocomium splendens, from the wider circumpolar area. The perturbation studies revealed that current interannual variability in temperature and the temperate tolerance of many species may exceed predicted changes in mean summer temperature over the next century. Arctic ecosystems differed in their responses to environmental manipulations, with the structure of the dwarf shrub health being affected through shifts in competitive hierarchy, potentially leading to lower biodiversity, and the polar semi-desert being affected through invasion, potentially leading to higher diversity. H. splendens showed negative responses to perturbation at the sub-Arctic site, in contrast to the positive relationship between temperature and growth observed in the natural environment. This apparent discrepancy may result from: (i) artefacts arising from the perturbations, such as lower atmospheric relative humidity; (ii) non-equilibrium responses during the relatively short-term perturbation studies and/or (iii) ecotypic variation in the moss population. Thus, caution should be employed when extrapolating from perturbations studies to both longer time-scales and different ecosystems within the Arctic.
Environmental management system provides tools for delivering on environmental impact assessment commitments

In this paper the interrelationship among the development cycle of a typical engineering project, the EIA approvals process and environmental management systems is examined. It is suggested that small changes can be made to the way in which an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is presented to clarify the proponent's intent and to provide structured information that can be used in an environmental management system (EMS) to ensure that the predicted environmental issues associated with the project are effectively controlled. Experience with individual projects around the world has shown that streamlining the links between EIA and EMS can be achieved simply and successfully. The challenge for regulators and practitioners is to use this experience to revisit EIA and improve all EIA outcomes.
Organisational Climate And Teachers' Job Performance In Primary Schools In Ondo State, Nigeria: An Analytical Survey

This paper investigated the relationship between organisational climate and teachers' job performance in primary schools in Ondo State, Nigeria. As a descriptive survey was utilised, the study population embraced all the 1153 primary schools in the State. Out of this population; a sample of 360 schools was selected through stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used to collect data was a questionnaire on organisational climate and teachers' performance in schools. The data were analyzed using percentages, t-test, correlation analysis and multiple regression. The findings revealed that most of the schools run an open climate type of organisation. The level of organisational climate in the schools was however very low. The level of the teachers' job performance was equally low. A significant relationship was however found between organisational climate and teachers' job performance. Based on the findings, it was suggested that headteachers should create a favourable climate to enhance better job performance among teachers. They should intensify more regular supervision of teachers and be more sensitive to their needs to enhance a conducive and enriching school climate. Government too, should provide all the necessary facilities and resources in schools . African Journal of Cross-Cultural psychology and sport facilitation (AJCPSF) Vol. 8 2006: pp. 38-54
Origin of breccias in the Mount Painter area, South Australia

Abstract Field and petrographic studies on granitic, hematitic and chloritic breccias in the central portion of the Mount Painter Inlier, South Australia, indicate that: (i) breccias and brecciated basement extend to depths exceeding 400 m and have gradational contacts; (ii) clasts are mainly autochthonous and contain fine‐scale hematite, chlorite or quartz veinlets and fractures; (iii) K‐metasomatism preceded hematitisation and chloritisation; (iv) hematitic breccia intrudes a pegmatite dyke correlated with the Ordovician Arkaroola Pegmatite; and (v) U, F and REE‐containing minerals are present in the Proterozoic basement rocks, and concentrated in the breccias. With a single exception, δ34S values for pyrite from the breccias and brecciated granites fall in the narrow range —2.9% to +3.5%, implying formation from magmatic emanations or reducing fluids that leached sulphide minerals of magmatic derivation. δ34S values for three barite samples are all close to +16%o, and firm conclusions cannot be drawn f.
Transmission Electron Microscopic Observation of Mercury-Bearing Bacterial Clay Minerals in a Small-Scale Gold Mine in Tanzania

Mercury is a toxic substance that is widely distributed throughout the hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. Mine waste environments and mine waters support a wide diversity of microbial life. The microbial ecology of environments where mine waters are polluted with heavy metals is poorly understood. Here, we describe the features of bacteria in mercury-contaminated gold panning ponds in a small-scale gold mine (Geita) near Lake Victoria, Tanzania using energy filtering transmission electron microscopy (EF-TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX). Most bacteria in the panning pond showed thick exopolysaccharides (EPSs), and many clay minerals attached onto the surface of EPSs. The clay minerals and EPSs might act as protective layers for the bacteria against toxic materials. The clay minerals were composed of smectite, halloysite, and kaolinite associated with calcite and goethite. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the bulk soil samples contained abundant Si, Al, K, Ca, and Fe with heavy metals such as Au, Ti, and Ag. The results indicate that Hg pollution from panning ponds is caused by not only volatilization of Hg from Au-Hg amalgams, but Hg is also released into the air as dust mixed with dry fine clays, suggesting high long-term environmental risks. Mercury-resistant bacteria associated with clay minerals may have a significant effect on the weathering processes of the ore during long-term bioremediation. The clay mineral complexes on the surface of bacterial cell walls are a stimulator for Hg-resistant bacterial growth in mud ponds contaminated with the Au-Hg materials.
The Rheology of Heavy Crude Oils And Their Emulsions

On a forme des emulsions de petrole lourd-eau distillee en utilisant un melangeur a turbine avec du Triton X-100 comme emulsifiant. Les caracteristiques rheologiques des deux petroles bruts et de leurs emulsions ont ete etudiees en utilisant un cylindre concentrique et un viscosimetre rotatif a cone et plaque. On a etudie les effet du taux de cisaillement et de la temperature sur les caracteristiques d'ecoulement d'emulsions d'eau distillee dans l'huile et les effets du taux de cisaillement sur les caracteristiques d'ecoulement du petrole dans l'eau distillee
Using reconfigurable hardware to accelerate multiple sequence alignment with ClustalW

Aligning hundreds of sequences using progressive alignment tools such as ClustalW requires several hours on state-of-the-art workstations. We present a new approach to compute multiple sequence alignments in far shorter time using reconfigurable hardware. This results in an implementation of ClustalW with significant runtime savings on a standard off-the-shelf FPGA.