Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relative Value in Healthcare: Cost‐effectiveness of Interventions

IN this era of increasing possibilities for the use of healthcare dollars, and at the same time increasing demands for these dollars, nurses are becoming more aware of and interested in the economics of healthcare. In 1993, the National Nursing Research Agenda noted on its first page that “innovative changes in healthcare and the development of cost-effective systems for. care will be essential to meet the needs of society” and that “care must be delivered within systems validated as. achieving positive, costeffective outcomes for individuals, families, and communities. ”1 These thoughts reflect the views of a wide constituency within the nursing leadership, including the American Nurses Association, whose statement Directions for Nursing Research described a primary goal to “design and evaluate alternative models for delivering healthcare and for administering healthcare systems so that nurses will be able to balance high quality and costeffectiveness in meeting the nursing needs of identified populations. ”2 Over the last several years, a number of articles have appeared in the nursing liter-
Moving toward the intra-protocol de-ossification of TCP in mobile networks: Start-up and mobility

El uso de las redes moviles de banda ancha ha aumentado significativamente los ultimos anos y se espera un crecimiento aun mayor con la inclusion de las futuras capacidades 5G. 5G proporcionara unas velocidades de transmision y reducidos retardos nunca antes vistos. Sin embargo, la posibilidad de alcanzar las mencionadas cuotas esta limitada por la gestion y rendimiento de los protocolos de transporte. A este respecto, TCP sigue siendo el protocolo de transporte imperante y sus diferentes algoritmos de control de congestion (CCA) los responsables finales del rendimiento obtenido. Mientras que originalmente los distintos CCAs han sido implementados para hacer frente a diferentes casos de uso en redes fijas, ninguno de los CCAs ha sido disenado para poder gestionar la variabilidad de throughput y retardos de diferentes condiciones de red redes moviles de una manera facilmente implantable. Dado que el analisis de TCP sobre redes moviles es complejo debido a los multiples factores de impacto, nuestro trabajo se centra en dos casos de uso generalizados que resultan significativos en cuanto a afeccion del rendimiento: movimiento de los usuarios como representacion de la caracteristica principal de las redes moviles frente a las redes fijas y el rendimiento de la fase de Start-up de TCP debido a la presencia mayoritaria de flujos cortos en Internet. Diferentes trabajos han sugerido la importancia de una mayor flexibilidad en la capa de transporte, creando servicios de transporte sobre TCP o UDP. Sin embargo, estas propuestas han encontrado limitaciones relativas a las dependencias arquitecturales de los protocolos utilizados como sustrato (p.ej. imposibilidad de cambiar la configuracion de la capa de transporte una vez la transmision a comenzado), experimentando una capa de transporte "osificada". Esta tesis surge como respuesta a fin de abordar la citada limitacion y demostrando que existen posibilidades de mejora dentro de la familia de TCP (intra-protocolar), proponiendo un marco para solventar parcialmente la restriccion a traves de la seleccion dinamica del CCA mas apropiado. Para ello, se evaluan y seleccionan los mayores puntos de impacto en el rendimiento de los casos de uso seleccionados en despliegues de red 4G y en despliegues de baja latencia que emulan las potenciales latencias en las futuras capacidades 5G. Estos puntos de impacto sirven como heuristicas para decidir el CCA mas apropiado en el propuesto marco. Por ultimo, se valida la propuesta en entornos de movilidad con dos posibilidades de seleccion: al comienzo de la transmision (limitada flexibilidad de la capa de transporte) y dinamicamente durante la transmision (con una capa de transporte flexible). Se concluye que la propuesta puede acarrear importantes mejoras de rendimiento al seleccionar el CCA mas apropiado teniendo en cuenta la situacion de red y los requerimientos de la capa de aplicacion.
Saturation Mutagenesis of the Antithrombin Reactive Center Loop P14 Residue Supports a Three-step Mechanism of Heparin Allosteric Activation Involving Intermediate and Fully Activated States*♦

Background: Structural changes in the antithrombin reactive center loop P14 residue are thought to mediate heparin allosteric activation. Results: P14 residue mutations produced antithrombin activating effects indicative of multiple allosteric activation states. Conclusion: Heparin allosterically activates antithrombin by a minimal three-step mechanism involving intermediate and fully activated states. Significance: New insights into the allosteric activation mechanism of a critical anticoagulant protein are gained. Past studies have suggested that a key feature of the mechanism of heparin allosteric activation of the anticoagulant serpin, antithrombin, is the release of the reactive center loop P14 residue from a native state stabilizing interaction with the hydrophobic core. However, more recent studies have indicated that this structural change plays a secondary role in the activation mechanism. To clarify this role, we expressed and characterized 15 antithrombin P14 variants. The variants exhibited basal reactivities with factors Xa and IXa, heparin affinities and thermal stabilities that were dramatically altered from wild type, consistent with the P14 mutations perturbing native state stability and shifting an allosteric equilibrium between native and activated states. Rapid kinetic studies confirmed that limiting rate constants for heparin allosteric activation of the mutants were altered in conjunction with the observed shifts of the allosteric equilibrium. However, correlations of the P14 mutations' effects on parameters reflecting the allosteric activation state of the serpin were inconsistent with a two-state model of allosteric activation and suggested multiple activated states. Together, these findings support a minimal three-state model of allosteric activation in which the P14 mutations perturb equilibria involving distinct native, intermediate, and fully activated states wherein the P14 residue retains an interaction with the hydrophobic core in the intermediate state but is released from the core in the fully activated state, and the bulk of allosteric activation has occurred in the intermediate.
Evidence-based object tracking via global energy maximization

This paper describes a robust algorithm for arbitrary object tracking in long image sequences. This technique extends the dynamic Hough transform proposed in our earlier work to detect arbitrary shapes undergoing affine motion. The proposed tracking algorithm processes the whole image sequence globally. First, the object boundary is represented in lookup-table form, and we then perform an operation that estimates the energy of the motion trajectory in the parameter space. We assign an extra term in our cost function to incorporate smoothness of deformation. The object is actually rigid, so by 'deformation' we mean changes due to rotation or scaling of the object. There is no need for training or initialization, and an efficient implementation can be achieved with coarse-to-fine dynamic programming and pruning. The method, because of its evidence-based nature, is robust under noise and occlusion.
Trace-class perturbation and strong convergence: Wave operators revisited

We give a new construction of wave operators for a self-adjoint operator under trace-class perturbation. This construction requires no quantitative estimates. The well-known theorem of Kato and Rosenblum [2], [5] asserts that if A and A' are self-adjoint operators and if A A' belongs to CI, the trace class, then the absolutely continuous parts of A and A' are unitarily equivalent. Because of the importance of the problem of trace-class perturbation, many improvements and generalizations of this theorem have appeared in the literature. [3] and [4] contain a reasonably complete account of the development between [2], [5] and the late 1970's. In these works the unitary equivalence between Aac and A' was established through the existence of the wave operators W? (A',A)=slim e-iAA' eiAAPc (A). In fact, as mentioned in [5], the original idea of using the operator e-iAA' eiAA dates back to Friedrichs [1]. The first generalization of the Kato-Rosenblum theorem to the setting of operator tuples was made by Voigt [8]. The use of the exponential function eA (x) = exp(iAx) is fundamental to these "time-dependent" constructions of wave operators. In [6], Voiculescu generalized wave operators to the setting of commuting tuples under perturbation by norm ideals of compact operators. He showed that, if T = (T1, . ,TN) and T' = (T1,. . ., TN) are commuting tuples of self-adjoint operators such that Tj V E C() j = 1, . , N, and if the norm ideal C has the property lim n /-||12W S in general, the two wave operators W+ and W_ do not necessarily coincide. While essentially a time-dependent approach, Voiculescu's Received by the editors January 26, 1999. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 47A40, 47B10, 47L20. This research was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DMS-9703515. 0)2000 American Mathematical Society
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE QUALITY OF THE INTERIOR ORIENTATION AND ITS IMPACT IN OBJECT SPACE FOR UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRY

With respect to the usual processing chain in UAV photogrammetry the consideration of the camera’s influencing factors on the accessible accuracy level is of high interest. In most applications consumer cameras are used due to their light weight. They usually allow only for automatic zoom or restricted options in manual modes. The stability and long-term validity of the interior orientation parameters are open to question. Additionally, common aerial flights do not provide adequate images for self-calibration. Nonetheless, processing software include self-calibration based on EXIF information as a standard setting. The subsequent impact of the interior orientation parameters on the reconstruction in object space cannot be neglected. With respect to the suggested key issues different investigations on the quality of interior orientation and its impact in object space are addressed. On the one hand the investigations concentrate on the improvement in accuracy by applying pre-calibrated interior orientation parameters. On the other hand, image configurations are investigated that allow for an adequate self-calibration in UAV photogrammetry. The analyses on the interior orientation focus on the estimation quality of the interior orientation parameters by using volumetric test scenarios as well as planar pattern as they are commonly used in computer vision. This is done by using a Olympus Pen E-PM2 camera and a Canon G1X as representative system cameras. For the analysis of image configurations a simulation based approach is applied. The analyses include investigations on varying principal distance and principal point to evaluate the system’s stability.
Sensitivity of UV-B Irradiance to Cloud Optical Depth and Droplets Equivalent Radii

The DIScrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (DISORT) and the delta-Eddington models were used to evaluate the relationship between cloud optical depth, tc and direct, diffuse and global transmitted irradiances in the UV-B region for various solar zenith angles (SZAs), two values of cloud droplet equivalent radius, re (7mm and 10mm) and two cases of low (? = 0.05) and high (? = 0.75) albedos under overcast conditions. The study shows that the delta-Eddington model is not suitable for calculating direct and diffuse components separately but it is suitable for calculating diffuse irradiances for overcast conditions for two cases only at northern latitudes where SZAs are large and at southern Canada wheretc values are always greater than 10. The delta-Eddington model is accurate when calculating the global fluxes anywhere, although it overestimates by an average of 6%. Global transmittance is greater by 7% for smaller droplet sizes (re = 7µm) for both cases of low (? = 0.05) and high (? = 0.75) albedos.
The Course Syllabus: A Learning-Centered Approach

Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Part I. Focus on Learning. Planning Your Learning-Centered Syllabus: An Overview of the Process. Composing a Learning-Centered Syllabus. Using a Learning-Centered Syllabus. Part II. Examples. Checklist. Title Page. Table of Contents. Instructor Information. Letter to the Student. Purpose of the Coarse. Course Description. Course and Unit Objectives. Resources. Readings. Course Calendar. Course Requirements. Evaluation. Grading Procedures. How to Use the Syllabus. How to Study for this Course. Content Information. Learning Tools. Checklist. Part III. Resources. Suggested Readings. References. Index.
Analysis of Sensorless Controlled One Phase Brushless DC Motor

Using neodymium-iron-boron (Nd-Fe-B) magnets, a brushless dc motor (BLDCM) with only one air-gap winding and special form of rectangular PM-rotor is realized. Rectangular PMs are glued on the rotor in order to reduce cost. For the electronic circuit only one switch is necessary. Therefore, the cost of this drive is reduced to one third. Sensorless techniques are becoming more attractive for drives, since they can result in less expensive and more robust system. Especially in BDCM drives, where the rotor position is fundamental to derive the proper switching sequences, this is a very interesting issue. Therefore, a sensorless strategy, which is based on extracting information from the back-emf, is used. The calculation of the air-gap flux density is obtained by using a 2DFEM program. Flux lines distribution in the electromagnetic parts of this motor is obtained also for different rotor position. Then the obtained results of the magnetic flux density are decomposed in harmonic spectrum by means of Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT). The motor parameters and characteristics are also determined by using FFT. Motor characteristics are calculated and measured for a wide range of parameters such as supply voltage and current flow angles. The measured results show good agreement with theoretical results. Key-Words: BLDCM, permanent magnets, 2DFEM, sensorless control, FFT
An electrochemical investigation of interfacial electron uptake by the sulfur oxidizing bacterium Thioclava electrotropha ElOx9

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) allows microbes to acquire energy from solid state electron acceptors and donors, such as environmental minerals. This process can also be harnessed at electrode interfaces in bioelectrochemical technologies including microbial fuel cells, microbial electrosynthesis, bioremediation, and wastewater treatment. Improving the performance of these technologies will benefit from a better fundamental understanding of EET in diverse microbial systems. While the mechanisms of outward (i.e. microbe-to-anode) EET is relatively well characterized, specifically in a few metal-reducing bacteria, the reverse process of inward EET from redox-active minerals or cathodes to bacteria remains poorly understood. This knowledge gap stems, at least partly, from the lack of well-established model organisms and general difficulties associated with laboratory studies in existing model systems. Recently, a sulfur oxidizing marine microbe, Thioclava electrotropha ElOx9, was demonstrated to perform electron uptake from cathodes. However, a detailed analysis of the electron uptake pathways has yet to be established, and electrochemical characterization has been limited to aerobic conditions. Here, we report a detailed amperometric and voltammetric characterization of ElOx9 cells coupling cathodic electron uptake to reduction of nitrate as the sole electron acceptor. We demonstrate that this inward EET by ElOx9 is facilitated by a direct-contact mechanism through a redox center with a formal potential of -94 mV vs SHE, rather than soluble intermediate electron carriers. In addition to the implications for understanding microbial sulfur oxidation in marine environments, this study highlights the potential for ElOx9 to serve as a convenient and readily culturable model organism for understanding the molecular mechanisms of inward EET.
Registration made easy - standalone orthopedic navigation with HoloLens

In surgical navigation, finding correspondence between preoperative plan and intraoperative anatomy, the so-called registration task, is imperative. One promising approach is to intraoperatively digitize anatomy and register it with the preoperative plan. State-of-the-art commercial navigation systems implement such approaches for pedicle screw placement in spinal fusion surgery. Although these systems improve surgical accuracy, they are not gold standard in clinical practice. Besides economical reasons, this may be due to their difficult integration into clinical workflows and unintuitive navigation feedback. Augmented Reality has the potential to overcome these limitations. Consequently, we propose a surgical navigation approach comprising intraoperative surface digitization for registration and intuitive holographic navigation for pedicle screw placement that runs entirely on the Microsoft HoloLens. Preliminary results from phantom experiments suggest that the method may meet clinical accuracy requirements.
A survey of utility experience with real time pricing: implications for policymakers seeking price responsive demand

Economists and policymakers frequently propose real time pricing (RTP) as a strategy for facilitating price responsive demand, thereby improving the performance of electricity markets and regional networks. While theoretically appealing, many practical and empirical issues related to RTP remain unresolved or poorly understood. Over the past two decades, more than 70 utilities in the U.S. have offered voluntary RTP tariffs, on either a pilot or permanent basis. However, most have operated in relative obscurity, and little information has made its way into the public domain. To address this gap, we conducted a conducted a comprehensive review of voluntary RTP programs in the U.S. by surveying 43 U.S. utilities and reviewing regulatory documents, tariffs, program evaluations, and other publicly available sources. Based on this review of RTP program experience, we identify key trends related to utilities’ motivations and goals for implementing RTP, evolution of RTP tariff design, program participation, participant price response, and program outlook. Experience with voluntary RTP programs has been mixed. Several utilities have demonstrated that voluntary RTP programs are capable of generating significant load reductions. However, most programs have attracted relatively few participants and therefore have generated quite limited load reductions. About 2700 non-residential customers were enrolled in RTP programs in 2003, representing more than 11 000 MW of load. We then draw from these findings to
Wildlife DNA Analysis: Applications in Forensic Science

DNA typing of non-human DNA is a fast developing area of research and professional practice. The application of DNA typing in wildlife forensic science is one of these prime uses of DNA typing and is gaining increasing profile. The use of DNA profiling in wildlife forensic science falls into two broad areas: species testing and genetic linkage. Species testing answers the question ‘what species is this? ’ and genetic linkage answers the question ‘did these two samples come from the same organism or population? ’ Wildlife DNA Analysis: Applications in Forensic Science provides an accessible introduction to both of these key areas. Clearly structured throughout, the introduction highlights the different types of crime where these techniques are regularly used. This chapter includes a discussion as to who performs forensic wildlife examinations, the standardisation and validation of methods, and the role of the expert witness in this type of alleged crime. This is followed by a detailed section on the science behind DNA typing including the problems in isolating DNA from trace material and subsequent genetic analysis are also covered. The book then undertakes a comprehensive review of species testing using DNA, including a step-by-step guide to sequence comparisons. A comparison of the different markers used in species testing highlights the criteria for a genetic marker. A full set of case histories illustrates the use of the different markers used. The book details the use of genetic markers to link two or more hairs/feather/leaves/needles to the same individual organism and the software used in population assignment. The problems and possibilities in isolating markers, along with the construction of allele databases are discussed in this chapter. The book concludes with evaluation and reporting of genetic evidence in wildlife forensic science illustrated by examples of witness statements. •An accessible introduction to this fast developing area of research within forensic science •Case studies throughout to link theory and practice and to highlight the use of DNA testing in species testing. •Covers both crimes against wildlife and offences where wildlife can provide vital evidence •Assumes only a basic background knowledge of DNA •Includes a comprehensive review of species testing using DNA, including a step-by-step guide to sequence comparisons
Studies on the biology of Eubothrium salvelini and E. crassum in resident and migratory Salvelinus alpinus and Salmo trutta and in S. salar in North Norway and the islands of Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen

Samples of Eubothrium salvelini and E. crassum were obtained from resident and migratory Salvelinus alpinus and Salmo trutta and from S. salar at sea from North Norway and the islands of Spitsbergen and Jan Mayen. Scolex dimensions proved an unsuitable character for identifying these two parasite species, and use of alternative characters confirmed that E. salvelini is specific to Salvelinus and E. crassum to Salmo. Distributions of both species are co-extensive with their hosts, but levels of infection in any locality relate to the abundance of zooplankton. E. salvelini exhibits seasonal maturation and incidence cycles in char. It is recognised as being a freshwater parasite, although some individuals can survive the period of marine migration of sea char. Returning migrant char may contain such individuals together with small plerocerciform parasites acquired almost immediately upon their re-entry to freshwater. No evidence for marine infections with E. salvelini was found. The presence of plerocerciform and gravid adult E. crassum in salmon caught at sea confirms the existence of a marine life cycle and a marine race in this species. In salmon moving from one medium to the other the marine and freshwater races replace each other, but in sea trout, which spend shorter periods at sea, complete replacement may not occur and at any one time fish may harbour individuals of both races. Recognition of the existence of two races clarifies much of the confusion surrounding the biology of this species.