Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zinc Deficiency and Therapeutic Value of Zinc Supplementation in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases

The benefits of zinc in treating certain gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have been recognized for over two decades. This review aims to explore zinc deficiency (ZD) and the potential therapeutic value and safety of zinc supplementation in pediatric GI diseases. A systematic review of published articles on ZD and zinc as adjuvant treatments for GI diseases was conducted using various databases. Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and those receiving long-term proton pump inhibitor treatments are particularly susceptible to ZD. ZD in children with celiac disease and IBD is attributed to insufficient intake, reduced absorption, and increased intestinal loss as a result of the inflammatory process. Zinc plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosa and exerts a gastroprotective action against gastric lesions. Although considerable evidence supports the use of zinc as adjuvant therapy for certain GI diseases in adults, its use is unspecified in children except for infectious diarrhea. Current evidence suggests that zinc supplementation with well-documented dosages helps reduce the duration of diarrhea in children with acute or persistent diarrhea, while there are no specific guidelines for zinc supplementation in children with IBD and celiac disease. Zinc supplementation appears to be beneficial in peptic ulcer disease or gastroesophageal reflux disease. The available evidence highlights the need for intervention programs to enhance zinc status and reduce the morbidity of certain GI diseases in children.
Karakteristik Senyawa Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) pada Air dan Sedimen Muara Sungai Ciliwung, DKI Jakarta

ANNISYA ROSDIANA. Characteristic of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Compound in Water and Sediment at Ciliwung Downstream, DKI Jakarta. Under Advisory by TRI PRARTONO. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is a compound that toxic, bio accumulative, persistent, and widely used in industrial activities. Ciliwung downstream in DKI Jakarta is near the industrial and residence area, so that potentially contaminated by PCBs waste. This research aims to identify the characteristic and concentration of PCBs compound in water and sediment at Ciliwung Downstream. The water samples were collected from Condet, pintu air Manggarai, Gunung Sahari, and Muara Angke, also sediment sample was collected from Muara Angke. The samples were extracted by n-hexane solution, then were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The result showed that total PCBs concentration in water from Ciliwung downstream is between limit of detection (<BD) to 459.858 ppb, and 372.442 ppb in sediment. The water samples from Condet and pintu air Manggarai are dominated by high chlorination of PCBs, whereas the water sample from Gunung Sahari and sediment from Muara Angke are dominated by low chlorination of PCBs.
Machine learning approaches to analyzing public speaking and vocal delivery

The 21st century has ushered in a wave of technological advancements, notably in machine learning, with profound implications for the analysis of public speaking and vocal delivery. This literature review scrutinizes the deployment of machine learning techniques in the evaluation and enhancement of public speaking skills, a critical facet of effective communication across various professions and everyday contexts. The exploration begins with an examination of machine learning models such as Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Long Short-Term Memory models. These models' application in the analysis of non-verbal speech features, emotion detection, and performance evaluation offers a promising avenue for objective, scalable, and efficient analysis, surpassing the limitations of traditional, often subjective, methods. The discussion extends to the real-world application of these techniques, encompassing public speaking skill analysis, teacher vocal delivery evaluation, and the assessment of public speaking anxiety. Various machine learning frameworks are presented, emphasizing their effectiveness in generating large-scale, objective evaluation results. However, the discourse acknowledges the challenges and limitations inherent to these technologies, including data privacy concerns, potential over-reliance on technology, and the necessity for diverse and extensive datasets. The potential drawbacks of these approaches are highlighted, underscoring the need for further research to address these issues. Despite these challenges, the successes of numerous machine learning applications in this field are underscored, along with their potential for future advancements. By dissecting past successes and failures, the review aims to provide guidance for the more effective deployment of these technologies in the future, contributing to the ongoing efforts to revolutionize the analysis of public speaking and vocal delivery.
Teachers’ Readiness towards the Integration of Information and Communications Technology in Teaching and Learning of Engineering Graphics and Design in KwaZulu-Natal

The integration of information and communications technology (ICT) into the education system has led to changes in the way teaching and learning are conducted. These changes have necessitated the need for teachers to have ICT skills that would help them integrate ICT into teaching and learning (T&L). Hence, this qualitative study was conducted to investigate the state of readiness of Engineering Graphics and Design (EGD) teachers in the integration of ICT in T&L in uMgungundlovu secondary schools. Convenience sampling was employed to select nine EGD teachers to partake in this study. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were used to collect data. Data gathered from interviews was subjected to thematic analysis, and data gathered from observations was reported descriptively. The findings of this study revealed that EGD teachers in uMgungundlovu District are ready to integrate ICT into the T&L of EGD, as they indicated that ICT integration in EGD lessons is essential. The study further revealed a shortage of ICT resources and a lack of ICT skills among teachers, which hinder the successful integration of ICT. The study recommends that the Department of Basic Education (DBE) provide teachers with ICT training so that those who are technically disadvantaged can be equipped with relevant ICT skills. The study further recommends that DBE give the schools an AutoCAD license, as it has been proven to be a useful ICT tool.
Comparative Study of SERS-Spectra of NQ21 Peptide on Silver Particles and in Gold-Coated “Nanovoids”

The NQ21 peptide has relatively recently attracted attention in the biomedical sphere due to its prospects for facilitating the engineering of the HIV1 vaccine and ELISA test. Today, there is still a need for a reliable and fast methodology that reveals the secondary structure of this analyte at the low concentrations conventionally used in vaccines and immunological assays. The present research determined the differences between the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of NQ21 peptide molecules adsorbed on solid SERS-active substrates depending on their geometry and composition. The ultimate goal of our research was to propose an algorithm and SERS-active material for structural analysis of peptides. Phosphate buffer solutions of the 30 µg/mL NQ21 peptide at different pH levels were used for the SERS measurements, with silver particles on mesoporous silicon and gold-coated “nanovoids” in macroporous silicon. The SERS analysis of the NQ21 peptide was carried out by collecting the SERS spectra maps. The map assessment with an originally developed algorithm resulted in defining the effect of the substrate on the secondary structure of the analyte molecules. Silver particles are recommended for peptide detection if it is not urgent to precisely reveal all the characteristic bands, because they provide greater enhancement but are accompanied by analyte destruction. If the goal is to carefully study the secondary structure and composition of the peptide, it is better to use SERS-active gold-coated “nanovoids”. Objective results can be obtained by collecting at least three 15 × 15 maps of the SERS spectra of a given peptide on substrates from different batches.
Case Report: 5 Cases of Variant Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Diagnosed on Prenatal Fetal Ultrasound

Case series Patients: Female, 38-year-old • Female, 41-year-old • Female, 36-year-old • Female, 43-year-old • Female, 30-year-old Final Diagnosis: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Symptoms: Heart failure Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Obstetrics and Gynecology Objective: Congenital defects/diseases Background: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex left-sided obstructive congenital cardiac condition with several variants. This report is of 5 cases with varying morphology of HLHS diagnosed by fetal prenatal ultra-sound at the 4-chamber view (4CV) level. Case Reports: Five cases were referred by obstetrics and gynecology specialists with preliminary information on visible congenital abnormalities in the third trimester. Fetal echocardiography showed that several morphological variants of HLHS were found. The patient in the first case had the most frequently found variant; this variation is usually linked to mitral valve stenosis (MVS). The second case had the characteristic of mitral valve atresia (MVA), and as a consequence, blood flow was not visible in this variant and the left ventricle (LV) was not clear or not adequately visualized by ultrasound. In the third case, the patient suffered from severe MVS and perhaps a small aorta. Uni-atrial conditions were described in the third case. In the fourth case, the patient had a narrow LV, MVA, ventricular septal defect, nearly united atrium, and tricuspid regurgitation. The fifth case was a case of HLHS with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Further, 4 out of 5 of the cases were associated with widening of the cisterna magna and Dandy Walker syndrome-associated posterior fossa disorder malformations. The overall maternal age was over 35 years old in 4 cases. Karyotyping examination was not performed in all cases. Conclusions: The role of ultrasound is very important in determining the diagnosis and the degree of development of hypo-plastic LV. However, visualization at the 4CV level can detect abnormalities found in the LV.
The Effectiveness of Nutritional Strategies in the Treatment and Management of Obesity: A Systematic Review

Obesity, a condition primarily resulting from positive energy balance, has become a significant global health concern. Numerous studies have demonstrated that obesity is a major risk factor for various illnesses, including different types of cancer, coronary heart disease, sleep apnea, CV stroke, type II diabetes mellitus, etc. To effectively address this issue, prevention and treatment approaches to manage body weight are crucial. There are several evidence-based approaches available for the treatment and management of obesity, taking into account factors such as body mass index classification, individual weight history, and existing comorbidities. To facilitate successful obesity treatment and management, there are pragmatic approaches and tools available, including the reduction of energy density, portion control, and diet quality enhancement. These approaches encompass the use of medications, lifestyle interventions, bariatric surgery, and formula diets. Regardless of the specific method employed, behavior change, reduction of energy intake, and increased energy expenditure are integral components for successful treatment and management of obesity. These measures allow patients to personalize and customize their dietary patterns, leading to effective and sustainable weight reduction. Incorporating physical activities and self-monitoring of individual diets are effective techniques for promoting behavior change in obesity and weight management. The main objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary/nutritional interventions in the treatment and management of obesity through provision of valuable insights into the effectiveness of such nutritional strategies. To attain this, a comprehensive analysis of various dietary approaches and their impacts on weight will be conducted.
Case Report of a Child with Beta Thalassemia Major in a Tribal Region of India

Introduction: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder of haemoglobin (Hb) synthesis, which affects different regions around the world. India has the largest number of children with beta-thalassemia major in the world, particularly in the tribal population. Heterozygous conditions are milder and even go unreported than the condition of homozygous where regular blood transfusion is required. Case report: This report focuses on a case of major beta-thalassemia in a child, whose parents are beta thalassemia minor to intermediate conditions, and who was treated by blood transfusion once a month. However, Thalassemia may be cured by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, although not everyone is a good candidate. Genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis, and selective termination of affected fetuses are effective ways to control thalassemia. Discussion and conclusion: The paper reports a unique case of Thalassemia in rural India. The blood disorder while commonly presented in a juvenile whose parents were Thalassemia positive resulted in the termination of a fetus diagnosed with it. It archives the story of the parents who are now in the process of planning future offspring while mitigating disease risk. The case leads the way for effective management and containment of hereditary genetic disorders through carrier detection while planning alliances and offspring.
Ketosis of an Early Lactating Crossbred Holstein-Friesian dairy cow: A Case Study

Ketosis is considered one of the economically important metabolic diseases in the dairy industry. This is a case study of 3 years old Holstein Friesian cow weighing 550 kg, presented with a primary complaint of inappetence and decreased milk production. The cow had a history of calving 3 weeks ago. Physical examination findings revealed severe dehydration, anorexia, rough hair coat, ruminal stasis. Moreover, the feces of the cow contained undigested materials. Clinical examination findings were temperature 101.5°F, decreased respiration, and decreased pulse rate. Metritis on rectal palpation was also found. Besides, routine examination of blood revealed lymphocytopenia. In biochemical examinations, we found Calcium 9 mg/dl, Magnesium 3.9 mg/dl, Blood urea nitrogen 36.6 mg/dl, Triglycerides 23.5 mg/dl, Total protein 84.2 mg/dl, Chloride 65.9 mmol/L, Sodium 106.3 mmol/L and a pH of ruminal fluid was 8.2. We may conclude that the high yielding crossbred dairy cow with the history of retained plancenta had been suffering from ruminal alkalosis, negative energy balance, and dehydration after parturition. These findings indicate secondary ketosis, which might be preventable by assessment of serum metabolic profiles around parturition and changes in the management practices accordingly.
Fluid co-loading or preloading for the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for C-section: a narrative review

Background: Fluid management strategies are one of the potential strategies to prevent spinal induced hypotension in parturients scheduled for caesarean section. Objectives: This review will assess the current evidence on fluid strategies as a prophylactic measure for spinal induced hypotension. Methods: A narrative review was conducted where Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane library were searched in November 2021 for RCTs, meta-analyses and systematic reviews, that compared different fluid regimen in ASA classification one or two women scheduled for elective caesarean section. Results: 77 studies were selected from initial screening, based on titles and abstracts. Out of the 77 initial studies, 37 were considered eligible for inclusion. Crystalloid preloading seemed ineffective in the prevention of spinal hypotension. Crystalloid co-loading, colloid pre- and co-loading all proved to reduce the incidence of spinal hypotension, as well as the incidence of nausea and vomiting and vasopressor use. There was no significant difference in neonatal outcome, regardless of the fluid regimen. Conclusion: Crystalloid co-loading, colloid co-loading and colloid preloading all have been shown to be effective in the prevention of spinal hypotension.
Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection by Anna Lowenhaupt Tsing

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RGB camera-based real-time monitoring of tissue oxygen saturation in human skin while varying fraction of inspired oxygen

We investigated a method to perform measurements of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in real-time, using a digital red– green–blue (RGB) camera. Concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (CHbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (CHbR) were estimated from videos of the human face using a method based on a tissue-like light transport model of the skin. StO2 was calculated from the values of CHbO and CHbR. In vivo experiments with human volunteers while varying the fraction of inspired oxygen were performed to evaluate the comparability of the proposed method with a commercially available device for StO2 measurement.
Investigating lightning-driven interannual variability in the oxidative capacity of the troposphere

• Labrador et al., Strong sensitivity of the global mean OH concentration and the tropospheric oxidizing efficiency to the source of NOx from lightning. Geophys. Res. Lett. (2004) vol. 31 (6) pp. L06102 • Montzka et al., New observational constraints for atmospheric hydroxyl on global and hemispheric scales. Science (2000) vol. 288 (5465) pp. 500-503 • Price and Rind, A Simple Lightning Parameterization for Calculating Global Lightning Distributions. J. Geophys. Res. (1992) vol. 97 pp. 9919-9933 • Sauvage et al., Quantification of the factors controlling tropical tropospheric ozone and the South Atlantic maximum. J. Geophys. Res. (2007) vol. 112 • Schumann and Huntrieser, The global lightning-induced nitrogen oxides source. Atmos. Chem. Phys. (2007) vol. 7 pp. 3823-3907 • van der Werf et al., Interannual variability in global biomass burning emissions from 1997 to 2004. Atmos. Chem. Phys. (2006) vol. 6 pp. 3423-3441 • Ziemke et al., Two new methods for deriving tropospheric column ozone from TOMS measurements: Assimilated UARS MLS/HALOE and convective-cloud differential techniques. J. Geophys. Res. (1998) vol. 103
The Usefulness of the Ratio of Antigen–Autoantibody Immune Complexes to Their Free Antigens in the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Autoantibodies against specific lung cancer-associated antigens have been suggested for the performance of lung cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the antigen–autoantibody immune complex (AIC) against its free antigens for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In total, 85 patients with NSCLC and 120 healthy controls (HCs) were examined using a 9-guanine DNA chip method. The ratios of AICs to their antigens and the combinations of ratios consisting of two to four markers were calculated. The levels of AICs for CYFRA21-1, ProGRP, NGAL, and NSE were higher than those for their free antigens in all participants. The levels of each free antigens distinguished patients with NSCLC from the HCs. The ratios of the AIC to its antigen and seven combinations of two to four ratios were significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than in the HCs. Excellent diagnostic performance was observed for all combination ratios (C4-1), with 85.9% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity at a 3.51 cut-off. Higher sensitivity was observed in the early stages (0–I) and adenocarcinoma than in stages II–IV and other pathological types. Combining all ratios of AICs and their antigens for all four markers was useful when diagnosing NSCLC.
A Clinical Approach of Allergic Rhinitis in Children

Allergic rhinitis is an important disease with a global footprint and a growing prevalence, affecting children and adults. Although it is commonly under-diagnosed and under-treated, it causes important social and economic effects (diminished quality of life, poor academic performance, escalated medical visits, heightened medication usage, and effects in other chronic conditions, e.g., asthma). It is characterized by distinctive, easily identifiable symptoms (sneezing, nasal discharge, nasal congestion, nasal–eye–palatal itching) and indirect accompanying indicators (fatigue and decreased school performance). The classification of allergic rhinitis hinges upon its nature and chronic distribution (seasonal or perennial) and its intensity, which spans from mild to moderate and severe. The diagnostic process primarily relies upon recognizing key clinical indicators, evaluating historical records, and considering risk factors. It is supported by abnormal laboratory findings, like in vitro allergen-specific IgE tests (enzyme immunoassay—EIA, chemiluminense immunoassay—CLIA) or in vivo skin prick tests for specific allergens. In the differential diagnosis, other chronic diseases manifesting with chronic rhinitis should be excluded (e.g., rhinosinusitis, chronic non-allergic rhinitis, rhinitis triggered by medications). The treatment of allergic rhinitis in children is mainly chronic and is focused on allergen exposure prevention, drug therapy, and immunotherapy in severe cases. Locally administered intranasal corticosteroids are the cornerstone of therapy. They are safe, effective, and have a favorable safety profile even during long-term use. Choosing a suitable intranasal corticosteroid drug with low systemic bioavailability makes long-term treatment even safer. Combinations of intranasal corticosteroids and H1 antihistamines are available in several countries and are widely used in more severe cases and the presence of year-round symptoms. Adding newer-generation oral H1-antihistamines broadens the available therapeutic inventory without significant effects compared to using previous-generation, once widely available, H1-antihistamines. Treatment of allergic rhinitis is complex and multi-dimensional, requiring an effective approach by a specialized group of specialized pediatricians, and is severely affected by the concurrent presence or development of other diseases in the spectrum of allergic diseases (conjunctivitis, asthma).