Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monotonic decrease of the zonal SST gradient of the equatorial Pacific as a function of CO2 concentration in CCSM3 and CCSM4

The west‐east sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific Ocean is a key feature of Earth's climate. How this gradient responds to varying climatic forcing is a challenge to both climate theory and climate modeling. Using the coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models, Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) and version 4 (CCSM4), we show that the zonal SST gradient is an almost monotonically decreasing function of atmospheric CO2 concentration (pCO2) across a wide range from 17.5 to 4576 ppmv. As pCO2 is increased, the optical depth of clouds over the western and central Pacific increases significantly, reflecting more insolation back to space, suppressing surface warming in this region and thereby reducing the zonal SST gradient. Ocean adjustment to a weakening of surface zonal winds is characterized by relaxations of the equatorial thermocline tilt, zonal surface currents, and ocean upwelling.
Control of Variable-Size Wheeled Mobile Robots

Due to the shortcomings of the non-deformable rim structure, traditional wheeled mobile robots are difficult to apply in small, complex or rugged and dangerous environments. With the deepening of origami research in the field of engineering, the method of designing mechanisms using the deformable principle has attracted the attention of scholars. Based on the current research on mobile robots, this paper proposes a variable-diameter wheeled robot based on the structure of water bombs. According to the structural characteristics and functional requirements of the robot, the paper completes the selection of relevant hardware. In addition, this paper uses MATLAB to analyze the spatial attitude change of the wheel body driven by the motor, and after in-depth understanding of the control principle of each component, the control system suitable for the mechanical structure is built by integrating the contents of wheel drive, wheel deformation, body steering, environmental perception, and upper computer control. At the end of this paper, the experiment verifies the correctness of the control scheme and shows the application value of variable diameter robot in specific application environment.
Design of a Simplified 1-Bit Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface for ISM Band Applications

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces are arrays capable of anomalously reflecting electromagnetic waves due to modifying the reflected wave phase controlled by switching devices. This new technology has been studied based on reconfigurable reflect arrays and metasurfaces for the introduction of its use in the Fifth and Sixth generations of mobile networks. So in this work, we design a 1-bit reconfigurable intelligent surface capable of modifying the beamforming reflected on its surface controlled at 2.45 GHz by commercial PIN diodes. Simulations carried out by ANSYS HFSS demonstrated that the structure generated two switching states shifted by one hundred and eighty degrees and modified the reflected beam anomalously in a array of one hundred elements.
Using Recycled Tetrapak and Doped Titanyl/Vanadyl Phthalocyanine to Make Solid-State Devices

In this work we studied the semiconductor behavior of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc), doped with anthraflavic acid and deposited on Tetrapak/graphite as flexible electrodes. The molecular structure was approached using the density functional theory and astonishingly, it was found that the structure and electronic behavior can change depending on the metal in the phthalocyanine. Experimentally, the Root Mean Square was found to be 124 and 151 nm for the VOPc-Anthraflavine and TiOPc-Anthraflavine films, respectively, and the maximum stress was 8.58 MPa for the film with VOPc. The TiOPc-Anthraflavine film presents the smallest fundamental gap of 1.81 eV and 1.98 eV for indirect and direct transitions, respectively. Finally, the solid-state devices were fabricated, and the electrical properties were examined. The tests showed that the current–voltage curves of the devices on Tetrapak and VOPc-Anthraflavine on a rigid substrate exhibit the same current saturation behavior at 10 mA, which is achieved for different voltage values. Since the current–voltage curves of the TiOPc-Anthraflavine on a rigid substrate presents a defined diode model behavior, it was approximated by nonlinear least squares, and it has been determined that the threshold voltage of the sample for the different lighting conditions is between 0.6 and 0.8 volts.
Minority Stress, Self-Awareness, and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Italian Transgender Young Adults

Background: The security measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 emergency have caused complex consequences. The aim of the present study is to examine the repercussions of the pandemic on individuals belonging to gender identity minority groups, who have experienced heightened levels of stress in comparison to the general population. Methods: Online interviews with 12 transgender participants who resided in Italy during the pandemic were conducted and subsequently analyzed following the thematic analysis methodology. Results: The majority of the participants reported an increase in stress levels primarily attributed to the lack of acceptance and support within their familial environments, obstacles encountered in accessing specialized healthcare services, and a lack of support from the broader LGBTQ+ community. Despite these challenges, several participants developed effective coping strategies and a subset of them also benefited from multiple resilience factors, including familial support and assistance from mental health professionals. Conclusions: The outcomes of the present study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic, while fostering certain protective factors within this population, has also given rise to new and critical mental health concerns. These findings hold significant implications for professionals working with transgender populations, highlighting the necessity of addressing these emerging mental health issues.
Neural correlates of thermal stimulation during active touch

Introduction Thermal feedback technologies have been explored in human-computer interaction to provide secondary information and enhance the overall user experience. Unlike fast-response haptic modalities such as vibration and force feedback, the human brain's processes associated with thermal feedback are not fully understood. Methods In this study, we utilize electroencephalography (EEG) brain imaging to systematically examine the neural correlates associated with a wide range of thermal stimuli, including 9, 15, 32, and 42°C, during active touch at the fingertip. A custom experimental setup is developed to provide thermal stimulation at the desirable temperature levels. A total of 30 participants are recruited to experience the four levels of thermal stimulation by actively touching a thermal stimulation unit with the index finger while recording brain activities via EEG. Time-frequency analysis and power spectral density (PSD) of the EEG data are utilized to analyze the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. Results The results show that the delta, theta, and alpha PSDs of 9 and 15°C stimuli are significantly higher than the PSDs of 32 and 42°C in the right frontal area during the early stage of the stimulation, from 282 ms up to 1,108 ms (One-way ANOVA test, Holm-Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05). No significant differences in PSDs are found between 9 and 15°C thermal stimuli or between 32 and 42°C thermal stimuli. Discussion The findings of this study inform the development of thermal feedback system in human-computer interaction.
Enhancing bovine immune, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses with vitamins, rumen-protected amino acids, and trace minerals to prevent periparturient mastitis

Mastitis, the inflammatory condition of mammary glands, has been closely associated with immune suppression and imbalances between antioxidants and free radicals in cattle. During the periparturient period, dairy cows experience negative energy balance (NEB) due to metabolic stress, leading to elevated oxidative stress and compromised immunity. The resulting abnormal regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), along with increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) are the key factors associated with suppressed immunity thereby increases susceptibility of dairy cattle to infections, including mastitis. Metabolic diseases such as ketosis and hypocalcemia indirectly contribute to mastitis vulnerability, exacerbated by compromised immune function and exposure to physical injuries. Oxidative stress, arising from disrupted balance between ROS generation and antioxidant availability during pregnancy and calving, further contributes to mastitis susceptibility. Metabolic stress, marked by excessive lipid mobilization, exacerbates immune depression and oxidative stress. These factors collectively compromise animal health, productive efficiency, and udder health during periparturient phases. Numerous studies have investigated nutrition-based strategies to counter these challenges. Specifically, amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins have emerged as crucial contributors to udder health. This review comprehensively examines their roles in promoting udder health during the periparturient phase. Trace minerals like copper, selenium, and calcium, as well as vitamins; have demonstrated significant impacts on immune regulation and antioxidant defense. Vitamin B12 and vitamin E have shown promise in improving metabolic function and reducing oxidative stress followed by enhanced immunity. Additionally, amino acids play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular oxidative balance through their involvement in vital biosynthesis pathways. In conclusion, addressing periparturient mastitis requires a holistic understanding of the interplay between metabolic stress, immune regulation, and oxidative balance. The supplementation of essential amino acids, trace minerals, and vitamins emerges as a promising avenue to enhance udder health and overall productivity during this critical phase. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of nutritional interventions in mitigating periparturient bovine mastitis and lays the foundation for future research in this domain.
A Hybrid Cost Model for Evaluating Query Execution Plans

Query optimization aims to select a query execution plan among all query paths for a given query. The query optimization of traditional relational database management systems (RDBMSs) relies on the estimation of the cost of the alternative query plans in the query plan search space provided by a cost model. The classic cost model (CCM) may lead the optimizer to choose query plans with poor execution time due to inaccurate cardinality estimations and simplifying assumptions [7, 8, 14]. A learned cost model (LCM) based on machine learning does not rely on such estimations and learns the cost from runtime [5, 10, 11]. While learned cost models are shown to improve the average performance, they may not guarantee that optimal performance would be consistently achieved. In addition, the query plans generated using the LCM may not necessarily outperform the query plans generated with the CCM. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach to solve this problem by striking a balance between the LCM and the CCM. The hybrid model uses the LCM when it is expected to be reliable in selecting a good plan and falls back to the CCM otherwise. The evaluation results of the hybrid model demonstrate promising performance, indicating potential for successful use in future applications.
Effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium on human tenocytes exposed to high glucose

Introduction: Diabetic tendinopathy is a common invalidating and challenging disease that may be treated using stem cells. However, the effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (ASC-CM) in diabetic tendinopathy have never been explored. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effects of ASC-CM on morphology, cell viability, structure, and scratch wound closure of human tenocytes (HTNC) exposed to high glucose (HG). Design: Experimental study. Methods: HTNC were exposed to HG (25 mM) for 7, 14 and 21 days with or without ASC-CM for the last 24 h. CM was collected from 4 × 105 ASCs, centrifuged for 10 min at 200 g and sterilized with 0.22 μm syringe filter. Results: At 7 days, HG-HTNC had decreased cell viability [72 ± 2%, p < 0.01 versus normal glucose (NG)] compared to NG-HTNC (90 ± 5%). A further decrement was detected after 14 and 21 days (60 ± 4% and 60 ± 5%, both, p < 0.01 versus NG and p < 0.01 versus HG7). While NG-HTNC evidenced a normal fibroblast cell-like elongated morphology, HG-HTNC showed increased cell roundness. In contrast, HG-HTNC exposed to ASC-CM showed a significant increase in cell viability, an improved cell morphology and higher scratch wound closure at all HG time points. Moreover, the exposure to ASC-CM significantly increased thrombospondin 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) content in HG-HTNC. The TGF-β1 elevation was paralleled by higher Collagen I and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in HG-HTNC. Conclusion: ASC-CM may restore the natural morphology, cell viability and structure of HTNC, promoting their scratch wound closure through TGF-β1 increase.
Explorando a Variabilidade de Processo para Otimizar a Eficiência Energética em Servidores de Nuvem

O número crescente de núcleos em um único chip permite que servidores em nuvem mais poderosos explorem melhor o paralelismo no nível de requisições. No entanto, isso também leva a problemas imprevistos de potência, que podem acelerar o envelhecimento dos componentes de hardware e causar erros suaves ou até mesmo falhas. Portanto, o gerenciamento inteligente da dissipação de potência tornou-se crítico e imprevisível devido à variabilidade inerente do processo - uma vez que a potência máxima varia entre os núcleos, independentemente de operarem na mesma frequência operacional. Com base nisso, propomos PowerSaver, uma abordagem para otimizar a eficiência energética dos servidores em nuvem. PowerSaver distribui automaticamente a carga de trabalho entre os núcleos e aplica ajuste dinâmico de frequência dos domínios de core e uncore com base no comportamento das tarefas e na carga dos sistemas para reduzir a potência dissipada. Resultados em quatro arquiteturas multicore idênticas mostram que PowerSaver reduz a potência de pico em até 25.6% em relação ao escalonador padrão do Sistema Operacional Linux e em até 20.3% comparado ao HiMap, uma estratégia do estado da arte, com mínimo impacto no desempenho.
Characterizing Nutrient TRENDS, Loads, and Transformations in Suisun Bay and the Delta

Baxter, R. , Breuer, R. , Brown, L. , Conrad, L. , Feyrer, F. , Fong, S. , Gehrts, K. , Grimaldo, L. , Herbold, B. , Hrodey, P., Mueller-Solger, A. , Sommer, T. , Souza, K. (2010). Interagency Ecological Program 2010 Pelagic Organism Decline Work Plan and synthesis of results. University of California, Davis, California: http://www.water. ca.gov/iep/docs/FinaPOD2010Workplan12610.pdf Dugdale, R.C. , F.P. Wilkerson, V.E. Hogue and A. Marchi, (2007). The role of ammonium and nitrate in spring bloom development in San Francisco Bay. 2007. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 73: 17-29 Glibert, P. M. , D. Fullerton, J. M. Burkholder, J. C. Cornwell, and T. M. Kana. (2011). Ecological stoichiometry, biogeochemical cycling, invasive species, and aquatic food webs: San Francisco Estuary and Comparative Systems. Reviews in Fisheries Science 19:358-417. Jassby, A.D., and Cloern, J.E. (2000) Organic matter sources and rehabilitation of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (California, USA). Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 10: 323–352. Novick, E. and Senn, D. B. (2014). External Nutrient Loads to San Francisco Bay. Contribution No. 704. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California. Parker, A.E. , Dugdale, R.C. , F.P. Wilkerson (2012) Elevated ammonium concentrations from wastewater discharge depress primary productivity in the Sacramento River and the Northern San Francisco Estuary. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 64(3):574-86. 0 5000
ESDINet: Efficient Shallow-Deep Interaction Network for Semantic Segmentation of High-Resolution Aerial Images

Semantic segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing images is essential in many fields. Nevertheless, in practical applications, constrained by limited computational resources and complex network structures, many advanced models on semantic segmentation often fail to show efficient performance, prompting research on lightweight models. For lightweight semantic segmentation models, the two-branch architecture has been shown to work well in speed and performance. However, such two-branch architectures usually do not utilize enough information for shallow structures to efficiently provide richer multiscale information for the two branches. The lightweight modules it uses are difficult to extract the global context information of the features effectively. Compared with the current advanced semantic segmentation models, lightweight models still have some differences in performance. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new lightweight dual-branch architecture efficient shallow-deep interaction network (ESDINet), which can quickly extract low-level spatial and high-level semantic information of images through the detail branch and semantic branch. Specifically, we have constructed an efficient double-branch structure with shallow and deep different interactions to achieve multiscale information interaction. At the same time, we optimize the semantic branch and propose a new linear attention block to effectively improve the global perception of the semantic branch. We performed extensive experiments and the results show that our model achieves a good balance between segmentation accuracy and inference speed. In particular, ESDINet achieves 82.03% mean intersection over union (mIoU) on the Vaihingen test set, while the proposed model achieves an inference speed of 116 frames/s (FPS) for $512\times512$ inputs on a single NVIDIA GTX 2080Ti GPU.
A Lower Bound in a Law of the Iterated Logarithm for Sums of Symmetric and Independent Random Variables

The law of the iterated logarithm for tail sum, abbreviated Tail LIL, was first introduced by R.Salem and S. Zygmund for sums of lacunary series. Tow and Teicher later introduced a corresponding result for independent random variables. Our article takes a different approach and focuses on obtaining one sided Tail LIL for the sums of independent and identically distributed symmetric random variables.
Genetic, Epigenetic and Transcriptome Alterations in Liposarcoma for Target Therapy Selection

Simple Summary Liposarcoma is the most widespread soft-tissue sarcoma in adults. This review summarizes the molecular genetics and epigenetics of the main liposarcoma subtypes and corresponding aberration in signaling forming the basis for targeted therapy selection. In recent years, specific inhibitors of CDK4/6 and MDM2 and VEGFR/FGFR/PDGFR multi-kinase inhibitors have been proposed for the treatment of liposarcoma. Abstract Liposarcoma (LPS) is one of the most common adult soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), characterized by a high diversity of histopathological features as well as to a lesser extent by a spectrum of molecular abnormalities. Current targeted therapies for STS do not include a wide range of drugs and surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment for localized disease in all subtypes, while many LPS patients initially present with or ultimately progress to advanced disease that is either unresectable, metastatic or both. The understanding of the molecular characteristics of liposarcoma subtypes is becoming an important option for the detection of new potential targets and development novel, biology-driven therapies for this disease. Innovative therapies have been introduced and they are currently part of preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we provide an analysis of the molecular genetics of liposarcoma followed by a discussion of the specific epigenetic changes in these malignancies. Then, we summarize the peculiarities of the key signaling cascades involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and possible novel therapeutic approaches based on a better understanding of subtype-specific disease biology. Although heterogeneity in liposarcoma genetics and phenotype as well as the associated development of resistance to therapy make difficult the introduction of novel therapeutic targets into the clinic, recently a number of targeted therapy drugs were proposed for LPS treatment. The most promising results were shown for CDK4/6 and MDM2 inhibitors as well as for the multi-kinase inhibitors anlotinib and sunitinib.
A Miniaturized Metamaterial-Loaded Switched-Beam Antenna Array System With Enhanced Bandwidth for 5G Applications

In this research study, a metamaterial (MTM) based <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1\times4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> linear antenna array is designed with an integrated butler matrix (BM) beamforming network (BFN) to execute the switched-beam antenna array (SAA) operation, which can be employed for sub-6 GHz 5G applications. The proposed SAA is designed and simulated using CST microwave studio and then fabricated using FR4 epoxy glass substrate with the thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$h$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) = 1.6mm and dielectric constant (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varepsilon _{r}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) = 4.3. The MTM-BM BFN has shown excellent performance in both simulated and measured results, having return-loss of below 14 dB and insertion-loss at ports 5–8 to be 7 ± 2dB between the frequency range of 3.2-3.75GHz, respectively. Moreover, the phase difference between the output ports of the BM is simulated and measured. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> spaced complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) based antenna array integrated with MTM-BM BFN achieved a measured gain of 4.8-6.1 dB when each input port of BM was excited. The SAA analysis has been performed to identify the variation of gain and grating lobes; the distance between MTM antennas was altered by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.3\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.7\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Depending on the BM input ports excitation, the main beam of the SAA is steered in four different directions −40°, −15°, +15°, and +45°, respectively. These radiation pattern studies have shown that the MTM-BM connected with four linear MTM antennas has successfully generated four beams in four different directions, which can be utilized for 5G applications to improve the channel capacity and enhance the transmission quality.