Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels

Could everything we know about fossil fuels be wrong? For decades, environmentalists have told us that using fossil fuels is a self-destructive addiction that will destroy our planet. Yet at the same time, by every measure of human well-being, from life expectancy to clean water to climate safety, life has been getting better and better. How can this be? The explanation, energy expert Alex Epstein argues in "The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels," is that we usually hear only one side of the story. We re taught to think only of the negatives of fossil fuels, their risks and side effects, but not their positives their unique ability to provide cheap, reliable energy for a world of seven billion people. And the moral significance of cheap, reliable energy, Epstein argues, is woefully underrated. Energy is our ability to improve every single aspect of life, whether economic or environmental. If we look at the "big picture" of fossil fuels compared with the alternatives, the overall impact of using fossil fuels is to make the world a far better place. We are morally obligated to use more fossil fuels for the sake of our economy and our environment. Drawing on original insights and cutting-edge research, Epstein argues that most of what we hear about fossil fuels is a myth. For instance . Myth Fossil fuels are dirty.Truth The environmental benefits of using fossil fuels far outweigh the risks. Fossil fuels don t take a naturally clean environment and make it dirty; they take a naturally dirty environment and make it clean. They don t take a naturally safe climate and make it dangerous; they take a naturally dangerous climate and make it ever safer. Myth Fossil fuels are unsustainable, so we should strive to use renewable solar and wind.Truth The sun and wind are intermittent, unreliable fuels that always need backup from a reliable source of energy usually fossil fuels. There are huge amounts of fossil fuels left, and we have plenty of time to find something cheaper. Myth Fossil fuels are hurting the developing world.Truth Fossil fuels are the key to improving the quality of life for billions of people in the developing world. If we withhold them, access to clean water plummets, critical medical machines like incubators become impossible to operate, and life expectancy drops significantly. Calls to get off fossil fuels are calls to degrade the lives of innocent people who merely want the same opportunities we enjoy in the West. Taking everything into account, including the facts about climate change, Epstein argues that " fossil fuels are easy to misunderstand and demonize, but they are absolutely good to use. And they absolutely need to be championed. Mankind s use of fossil fuels is supremely virtuous because human life is the standard of value and because using fossil fuels transforms our environment to make it wonderful for human life. ""
Errors in Diagnosing Types of Diabetes in Young Adult Patients – Constantly Valid Topic

Rapid accumulation of clinical Abstract The correct differentiation of diabetes types is still a problem. This is especially true for groups of young adult patients between 20 and 55 years old. In this group of patients Type 2 diabetes is still routinely diagnosed, without a thorough analysis of the patient’s history, phenotype, as well as disregarding the need to perform all necessary laboratory tests. Such diagnostic irregularities lead to taking wrong therapeutic decisions. As far as the patient’s history is concerned, attention should be paid to the incidence or non-incidence of a positive history of diabetes in the patient’s family. In the autoimmune diabetes such incidence usually does not occur. In Type 2 diabetes it is usually high, whereas most often it occurs on the patient’s mother’s and well as father’s side. A feature that is usually very characteristic is high incidence on one side of the family, typical for monogenic diabetes. A very important indicator is the occurrence or non-occurrence of obesity. Clear obesity suggests the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, whereas in patients without obesity LADA or MODY diabetes needs to be taken into account. Conclusive in this respect are the results of tests checking the levels of C-peptide and the titre of autoantibodies, predominantly of a/GAD. When MODY diabetes is suspected, it is necessary to run genetic tests. It is extremely important to undertake efforts aiming at a correct diagnosis of the etiological cause of diabetes, i.e. determining whether we deal with the autoimmunization process, insulin resistance, or with a genetic defect, as it influences therapeutic decisions. In the presence of the autoimmunization process, it is recommended to provide the insulin therapy at an early stage. In patients with clearly marked insulin resistance an early onset of the insulin therapy should be avoided. The first choice drugs in this condition are metformin, incretin drugs, as well as drugs from the group of SGLT-2 inhibitors. In monogenic diabetes therapeutic decisions depend on the type of the genetic defect.
A review of the effects of metallic nanoparticles on fish

Many important discoveries have been made in the field of nanotechnology in the last 40 years. Since then, nanoparticles became nearly ubiquitous. With their spreading use, safety concerns have warranted extensive research of nanotoxicity. This paper offers information about the occurrence, transport, and behaviour of metallic nanoparticles in the aquatic environment. It further summarizes details about parameters that dictate the toxicity of nanoparticles and discusses the general/common mechanisms of their toxicity. This review also focuses on fish exposure to nanoparticles, including the possibility of trophic transport through the food chain. Information on some of the most frequently used metallic nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, and titanium dioxide, is further elaborated on.
Accuracy Assessment of Shear Wave Elastography for Arterial Applications by Mechanical Testing

Arterial stiffness is an important biometric in predicting cardiovascular diseases, since mechanical properties serve as indicators of several pathologies such as e.g. atherosclerosis. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) could serve as a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool for assessing arterial stiffness, with the technique proven efficient in large homogeneous tissue. However the accuracy within arterial applications is still uncertain, following the lack of proper validation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of SWE in arterial phantoms of poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel by developing an experimental setup with an additional mechanical testing setup as a reference method. The two setups were developed to generate identical stress states on the mounted phantoms, with a combination of axial loads and static intraluminal pressures. The acquired radiofrequency-data was analysed in the frequency domain with retrieved dispersion curves fitted to a Lamb-wave based wave propagation model. The results indicated a significant correlation between SWE and mechanical measurements for the arterial phantoms, with an average relative error of 10 % for elastic shear moduli in the range of 23 to 108 kPa. The performed accuracy quantification implies a satisfactory performance level and as well as a general feasibility of SWE in arterial vessels, indicating the potential of SWE as a future cardiovascular diagnostic tool.
A Model of an Economic Efficiency Evaluation System of a Maritime Container Supply Chain

Containerization was one of the catalysts of the globalization processes that took place in the 20th century. Nowadays container shipping is one of the main transport modes in the global economy. The ability to connect distant production centres with consumption centres largely influenced the acceleration of the global trade. Due to the globalization and characteristics of the global trade it is almost impossible to perceive global supply chains without maritime transport. Although the efficiency of the supply chain is a crucial factor of the economic perspective of supply chain management, not much space is devoted to that issue in the literature. The main purpose of this paper is to design and develop a model of an economic efficiency evaluation system of maritime container supply chains. Some general research methods, such as a critical literature review and methods of logical reasoning were used to achieve this goal. Additionally some economic modelling methods were adapted. Thepresented model isdeveloping the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of economic efficiency evaluation of supply chains. Unfortunately this model could not be confronted with real business data due to research limitations.
A New Optimal Current Controller for a Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker Conditions

This paper presents an algorithm for finding the optimal control for a current controller that operates as a part of a control system of a shunt active power filter. The algorithm is based upon the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for finding an optimal value where control signal is limited and constraints create a cube. The explicit solution of the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker problem is presented and simplified calculations are given to lower calculation complexity. The presented Karush–Kuhn–Tucker algorithm is compared with a classical PI controller. It is given the algorithm for finding the optimal parameters of the PI controller and the behavior of the PI controller is compared with the presented algorithm. Attention has been paid to the saturation of controllers in commutation states of load currents, which has a negative impact on the final performance of the controllers and the controlled shunt active power filter. The paper also presents the software and hardware platforms applied to run the presented algorithms in real-time. For both controllers, the shunt active power filter response is shown using real experimental results. The results of the experiments prove better behavior regarding the presented algorithm, especially in the case of commutative load currents, where the output signals from other controllers become saturated.
European Symposium on Computer-Aided Process Engineering-15 : 38th European Symposium of the Working Party on Computer Aided Process Engineering : ESCAPE-15, 29 May - 1 June 2005, Barcelona, Spain

Plenary Lectures - Enterprise-wide Decision Support Systems: PSE Contributions & Promise (G.V. Rex Reklaitis). - Modelling across the Process Life-Cycle: A Risk Management Perspective (I.T. Cameron). - Integrated Chemical Product-Process Design: CAPE Perspectives (R. Gani). Contributed Papers - Computing methods for CAPE - Modelling and simulation - Process and product design - Process operation and control - Integrated approaches in CAPE
The Improved Peer2Me Framework : A flexible framework for mobile collaboration

This master thesis presents a new and redesigned version of Peer2Me, a framework for developing mobile collaborative applications on mobile phones. The first version of Peer2Me was designed and created by Carl-Henrik Wolf Lund and Michael Sars Norum in 2005, which was presented in their master thesis, The Peer2Me Framework, [31]. We evaluated their framework in our depthstudy [5], fall of 2005. The evaluation showed that the framework lacked some desired and necessary functionality, had some bugs and was a bit hard to use. This thesis also describes the history of Peer2Me along with cental concepts regarding peer-to-peer networking in an mobile ad hoc environment. There are a lot of on going and finished projects that can be related to Peer2Me. We have chosen to investigate the most interesting and relevant projects, which are presented in Chapter 11, State of the Art. Since a redesign of the Peer2Me framework was necessary, we have performed a research in the most recognized architectural tactics, design patterns and architectural patters. Before embarking on the task of designing the framework, a research in the latest technology was necessary. In our depthstudy [5], we had already performed such a research, so we only had to obtain the latest development in the related areas. Special attention was given to the Bluetooth wireless network technology. All created packages, classes and interfaces are thoroughly described along with their roles in the framework. We felt that a mere description of the modules was not enough, so we wrote Chapter 16, Design Decisions, which discusses the different crossroads we faced with during development, and the path we chose. To give the reader an impression of how the framework can be used, we also developed some applications that utilizes the new framework. Lastly we evaluated our work, compared the old and new framework, discussed the problems we encountered, answered our research questions and summarized the thesis. All source code, javadoc and a functional, new version of Peer2Me are attached along with this report.
THE COMBINATION

Radar monitoring of small particles of orbital debris at NASA’s Goldstone Tracking Station has resulted in the detection of 1124 objects in 38.4 hours of observations. Many of the objects orbit in clusters; the largest appears to be remnants of the West Ford Needles, launched 3 decades earlier. 1 . Introduction b d~(~~~ rbiting debris is recognized as a present and growing ~d for both humans and machines in space. Space collisions can have a closing velocity of 15 km s-l, and even small particles are a serious safety concern. Knowledge of the changing environment of debris is necessary for both space mission design and for the assessment of debris mitigation policies. Currently, the United States Space Command, Johnson (1993), maintains a catalog of orbital elements of space objects larger than about 10 cm. Monitoring of the flux of smaller ob-jects has been accomplished by routine ground-based optical, Potter (1995), and radar observations, Stansbery, et al (1993) . Very small particles of orbiting debris have also been detected by in situ spacecraft, Mandeville and Berthaud (1995), which have subsequently returned to Earth. Occasionally, a 3.5 cm radar at NASA’s Goldstone tracking station is available for orbital debris observations. This powerful radar which can detect a 3 mm conducting sphere orbiting at an altitude of 1000 km, helps to fill an observational gap in the on-going debris survey, Goldstein and Randolph (1992) and Goldstein and Goldstein (1994 and 1995).
The effects of simulated interruptions on mobile search tasks

While it is clear that using a mobile device can interrupt real‐world activities such as walking or driving, the effects of interruptions on mobile device use have been under‐studied. We are particularly interested in how the ambient distraction of walking while using a mobile device, combined with the occurrence of simulated interruptions of different levels of cognitive complexity, affect web search activities. We have established an experimental design to study how the degree of cognitive complexity of simulated interruptions influences both objective and subjective search task performance. In a controlled laboratory study (n = 27), quantitative and qualitative data were collected on mobile search performance, perceptions of the interruptions, and how participants reacted to the interruptions, using a custom mobile eye‐tracking app, a questionnaire, and observations. As expected, more cognitively complex interruptions resulted in increased overall task completion times and higher perceived impacts. Interestingly, the effect on the resumption lag or the actual search performance was not significant, showing the resiliency of people to resume their tasks after an interruption. Implications from this study enhance our understanding of how interruptions objectively and subjectively affect search task performance, motivating the need for providing explicit mobile search support to enable recovery from interruptions.
Evaluating roadway surface rating technologies

The key project objective was to assess and evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of custom software used in smartphones to measure road roughness from the accelerometer data collected from smartphones and compare results with PASER (Pavement Surface and Evaluation Rating System) and IRI (International Roughness Index) measurement values collected from the same roadway segments. Accelerometer data collection was performed via Android-based smartphones using a customized software application called DataProbe. During the project’s initial phase smartphones were installed in each of nine Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) vehicles driven by MDOT employees. The results provide a number of important insights into the use of smartphone accelerometers to measure road roughness. (1) More DataProbe data collected per IRI road segment increases the predictive power of the smartphone when predicting categories rather than exact IRI readings. (2) Phones differ from each other even if they are the same model of phone across different vehicles, though their effects are mitigated in the categorical analysis. (3) As the speed of the vehicle increases, the IRI predicted IRI ratings tend to be lower, meaning the roads seem smoother. (4) Smartphones accelerometers do not predict IRI road segment scores to the degree necessary to replace the IRI ratings, but they predict IRI categories very well.
HCI remixed : essays on works that have influenced the HCI community

Over almost three decades, the field of human-computer interaction (HCI) has produced a rich and varied literature. Although the focus of attention today is naturally on new work, older contributions that played a role in shaping the trajectory and character of the field have much to tell us. The contributors to HCI Remixed were asked to reflect on a single work at least ten years old that influenced their approach to HCI. The result is this collection of fifty-one short, engaging, and idiosyncratic essays, reflections on a range of works in a variety of forms that chart the emergence of a new field. An article, a demo, a book: any of these can solve a problem, demonstrate the usefulness of a new method, or prompt a shift in perspective. HCI Remixed offers us glimpses of how this comes about. The contributors consider such HCI classics as Sutherland's Sketchpad, Englebart's demo of NLS, and Fitts on Fitts' Law--and such forgotten gems as Pulfer's NRC Music Machine, and Galloway and Rabinowitz's Hole in Space. Others reflect on works somewhere in between classic and forgotten--Kidd's "The Marks Are on the Knowledge Worker," King Beach's "Becoming a Bartender," and others. Some contributors turn to works in neighboring disciplines--Henry Dreyfuss's book on industrial design, for example--and some range farther afield, to Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis and Jane Jacobs's The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Taken together, the essays offer an accessible, lively, and engaging introduction to HCI research that reflects the diversity of the field's beginnings.Thomas Erickson is Research Staff Member at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. David W. McDonald is Assistant Professor at the Information School at the University of Washington, Seattle.
The Problem of Examination of Psychological Barriers of Younger Teenagers Creative Skills Development in Conditions of Recreation

The article is devoted to the discovery of the problem of diagnosing psychological barriers in the development of creative abilities in younger teenagers in a recreational institution. The author argues that the wellness period in children's recreational facilities is the most favourable period for the development of creativity in younger adolescents, as they get new experiences in a new environment, they become more independent and active communication allows them to reveal their personality fully. It is during the holidays that the number of regulations decreases, and more conditions are created to stimulate the creative development of the child. In the article are presented the views of different scientists on the definition of the concepts of "barrier", "psychological barrier", "creative abilities", examined the types of psychological barriers in creative activity. Accordingly, it has been found that sufficient material has been accumulated in psychology to study psychological barriers to creative activity, reflecting various aspects of this topic, but the problem of diagnosing these barriers in adolescence has not been fully addressed. Therefore, as part of the study developed a questionnaire diagnosed with psychological barriers in the development of creative abilities of younger adolescents, taking into account the conditions of children in the recreational facility. Thus, it was found that the younger adolescents are dominated by a moderate degree of expressiveness of psychological barriers, the most pronounced is "self-doubt", "limited opportunities", "no interest", "uncertainty of self-interest", "fear of making a mistake", "fear of the difficulty. " It has also been found that younger teenagers have such personality traits as obstacles to self-expression and the use of non-standard solutions as timidity, anxiety, and self-doubt. These traits are the conditions for the emergence of psychological barriers in the situation of involving children in creative activities in order to develop their creative abilities.
Encouraging Wildland Fire Preparedness: Lessons Learned from Three Wildfire Education Programs

Managers may often wonder why some people do not choose to adopt defensible space practices despite understanding the benefits of doing so. Research has sought to understand why a new practice or innovation is or is not adopted. This paper will briefly discuss factors found to influence adoption rates and describe how three different fire education programs - Firewise Communities/USA, FireFree, and Fire Safe Councils - address them. Some key lessons/findings for managers working with homeowners to create defensible space and reduce hazardous fuels across ownership boundaries are the importance of tailoring efforts to local values, promoting programs that foster neighbor contact, and making the practices more accessible via checklists, demonstration sites, and highlighting the social advantages of adoption.