Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytical Modeling of Flat and Tubular Linear PM Machines with Surface-Mounted Magnets and Semi-Closed Slots

An exact 2D analytical model for predicting the magnetic field in idealized structures of flat and tubular linear permanent magnet machines with surface-mounted magnets and semi-closed slots is described. The open-circuit and armature reaction magnetic field distributions are analytically derived and compared to those obtianed by finite elements analyses. The analytical model is then used for studying the effect of the slot-opening dimensions on the performance of linear machines. The developed analytical model can be advantageously used for the analysis and design of a class of linear machines.
Tensile-Shear Forces and Fracture Modes in Single and Multiple Weld Specimens in Dual-Phase Steels

In this article, weld fracture criteria based upon low strain rate (i.e., e ∼ 10 -3 -10 -2 s -1 ) tensile-shear tests of spot welds in dual-phase (DP) steels DP600, DP780, and DP980 are developed. Three empirical equations are inferred from least-squares root-fitting analyses of tensile-shear testing data. Building upon existing results in the literature, the first equation relates the tensile-shear force to the weld diameter. The second and third equations relate, respectively, a critical weld diameter and a critical tensile-shear force for interfacial fracture to the sheet thickness and hardness extrema in the heat-affected zone. These idealized equations can serve as the basis for further development of fracture criteria resembling material flow laws that account for higher strain rates and more complicated deformation paths. The effect of spot-weld placement in specific patterns or arrays on deformation and fracture behavior was also investigated to explore underlying effects from deformation field interactions between adjacent spot welds.
Analysis of Finite Conductivity Cylindrical Conductors Excited by Axially-Independent TM Electromagnetic Field

A method is presented for the analysis of a system of cylindrical conductors, of large but finite conductivity, situated in a uniform dielectric and excited by an axially-independent TM electromagnetic field. The analysis is based on separating the space into the region exterior to the conductors and regions interior to the conductors, placing equivalent electric and magnetic currents on the boundary surfaces, applying the boundary conditions for the tangential fields and, hence, obtaining a system of coupled integral equations. Due to the special geometry and the chosen excitation, the problem treated is a two-dimensional one. The distribution of the unknowm surface currents is approximated by pulses, and the amplitudes of these pulses are determined by a point-matching technique. This method is applied to the problem of determining the inductance and resistance of two-wire transmission lines.
Experimental study of the interference caused by PLC transmission on HF bands

With the growing deployment of PLC, EMC emissions are attracting great interest. In this paper, experimental study of the impact of emissions from indoor PLC systems on HF bands is carried out. Results from the measured radiated and conducted emissions are analysed in the frequency bands of 1-30 MHz. These results show that the radiated field strength declines as the distance from a radiating source increases. Moreover, radiated field strength from a PLC network could be greater at places far away from the areas that benefit from the data. It is also shown that measured emissions do not meet all the specified limits.
Analysis of Index Internet Financial Reporting: Studies in Banking Companies in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the internet financial reporting (IFR) index in banking companies in ASEAN, especially in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The IFR index method is used to measure content components, timeliness, technology and user support. The technique of collecting data used for this research is the technique of data source documentation using secondary data, namely company documents in the form of financial statements published on www.idx. co.id, www.bursamalaysia. com and www.sgx. com, and related company websites. The results showed that the quality of Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) in Banking in Indonesia was better than Malaysia and Singapore both in whole and quality in the components of Content, Timeliness, Technology and Use Support. This website of banking companies in Indonesia is more complete in presenting financial information even though on average only two languages are displayed (Indonesian and English). Although it has been quite good at providing support to users in accessing the company's website, the company does not apply much technology to its website, because it displays more banking products sold. While the websites of banking companies in Singapore and Malaysia, in addition to presenting financial information in PDF form, are also lacking in applying the use of technology on the company's website.
Altitude effects on spatial components of vascular plant diversity in a subarctic mountain tundra

Abstract Environmental gradients are caused by gradual changes in abiotic factors, which affect species abundances and distributions, and are important for the spatial distribution of biodiversity. One prominent environmental gradient is the altitude gradient. Understanding ecological processes associated with altitude gradients may help us to understand the possible effects climate change could have on species communities. We quantified vegetation cover, species richness, species evenness, beta diversity, and spatial patterns of community structure of vascular plants along altitude gradients in a subarctic mountain tundra in northern Sweden. Vascular plant cover and plant species richness showed unimodal relationships with altitude. However, species evenness did not change with altitude, suggesting that no individual species became dominant when species richness declined. Beta diversity also showed a unimodal relationship with altitude, but only for an intermediate spatial scale of 1 km. A lack of relationships with altitude for either patch or landscape scales suggests that any altitude effects on plant spatial heterogeneity occurred on scales larger than individual patches but were not effective across the whole landscape. We observed both nested and modular patterns of community structures, but only the modular patterns corresponded with altitude. Our observations point to biotic regulations of plant communities at high altitudes, but we found both scale dependencies and inconsistent magnitude of the effects of altitude on different diversity components. We urge for further studies evaluating how different factors influence plant communities in high altitude and high latitude environments, as well as studies identifying scale and context dependencies in any such influences.
Devenir des éléments métalliques en milieu hydrothermal profond : partition dissous-particulaire effective et spéciation dans le mélange fluide hydrothermal-eau de mer précoce

Quarante ans apres la decouverte de la circulation hydrothermale profonde, les processus chimiques se produisant dans le melange entre le fluide hydrothermal et l’eau de mer restent mal contraints. Ce travail de these, dont l’originalite repose sur l’utilisation systematique de la filtration in situ, presente le partitionnement effectif des elements metalliques majeurs (principalement Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba et Ca) entre les phases dissoutes ( 0,45 μm) dans le melange precoce-intermediaire de plusieurs fumeurs du champ hydrothermal Lucky Strike (37°N, MAR). Le comportement et la speciation du Cu dans la fraction dissoute sont ensuite explores plus en detail par le biais de competitions de ligands et de mesures voltametriques. Nos resultats demontrent en premier lieu l’importance de la filtration in situ pour s’affranchir des biais induits par le prolongement des reactions de precipitation ou de redissolution pouvant se produire lors de la remontee des echantillons. L’examen des fluides collectes a differentes reprises et sur une large panoplie de fumeurs (240 echantillons) demontre une variabilite spatiale des signatures chimiques le long de l'axe est-ouest du champ hydrothermal. Parmi les metaux etudies, Fe, Ca et Ba sont principalement mesures sous forme dissoute tandis que Cu et Zn sont majoritairement particulaires. Dans le melange initital (50‒150°C, dMn > 50 μM), le pool de particules est domine par de la sphalerite (ou wurtzite) et de la chalcopyrite, avec generalement moins de pyrite. Dans cette zone, les changements chimiques semblent cinetiquement limites et les fluides echantillonnes presentent une signature chimique proche de celle du fluide pur. Cependant, a mesure que le fluide hydrothermal se melange a l'eau de mer (4‒50°C, dMn < 50 μm), le partitionnement de certains metaux alcalins et alcalinoterreux (Ca, Ba, Mg et Sr) entre les deux phases est profondement affecte par la precipitation de sulfates. Contrairement aux predictions thermodynamiques, la precipitation d’anhydrite, de barite et potentiellement de caminite est observee dans la partie relativement froide du melange (4-50°C). L’augmentation importante du pH dans cette zone conduit egalement a l’initiation de la precipitation d’oxydes de Fe. Enfin, dans la phase dissoute, les ligands du Cu semblent etre principalement des sulfures inorganiques issus du fluide hydrothermal.
An improved passive input current waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifier

This paper presents an improved passive input current waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifiers (improved method). The simulation results show that the improved method can further lower the input current harmonic components and improve the input power factor of a single-phase diode rectifier as compared with the novel passive input current waveshaping method for single-phase diode rectifiers proposed by P.D. Ziogas (novel method). The relevant input current and voltage waveforms, the input current total harmonic distortion and the input power factor value are derived from the computer simulation or theoretical analysis. A design example is provided and the simulation results have been verified on a 5 kW experimental models.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Ağ Siteleri Kullanım Amaçlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Bu calismanin amaci, universite ogrencilerinin sosyal ag sitelerini kullanim amaclarini belirlemeye yonelik bir olcek gelistirmektir. Arastirmacilar tarafindan literatur taramasi ve ogrenci gorusleri dogrultusunda 42 taslak madde hazirlanmistir. Uzman gorusleri dogrultusunda 15 maddeye indirgenmistir. Taslak olcek; 2009-2010 ogretim yilinda Artvin Coruh Universitesi, Ege Universitesi, Hacettepe Universitesi, Istanbul Universitesi, Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi, Usak Universitesi ve Inonu Universitesi'nde lisans duzeyinde ogrenim goren 315 sosyal ag sitesi kullanicisi ogrenciye uygulanmistir. Olcegin yapi gecerligi icin temel bilesenler analizi yontemi kullanilarak faktor analizi yapilmis, guvenirligi icin test-tekrar test ve Cronbach Alpha ic tutarlik katsayilari hesaplanmistir. Yapilan faktor analizi sonucunda toplam 14 maddeden olusan 3 faktorlu olcek elde edilmistir. Olcegin Cronbach Alpha ic tutarlilik katsayisi 0.83, test-tekrar test guvenirligi 0.91 olarak hesaplanmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Sosyal ag siteleri, sosyal ag siteleri kullanim amaci olcegi
Numerical Simulation of Straight Line Flow with Sparse Roughness and Tornado-like Flow on Smooth Floor

The studies in this thesis simulated straight line flow and tornado-like vortex flow. The goal of the work was to develop computational simulations of flow past rough surfaces using straight-line flow as a starting point to develop simulations of tornado flows. Analysis of turbulent boundary layer development in the straight line flow was carried out both at the computational domain’s outlet, which imitate the inlet of the test section of the straight line wind tunnel and in the regions immediately next to the riblets, which were used to generate the turbulence and to accelerate the boundary layer developments. These distributions and boundary layer thickness agreed reasonably with experimental results. The numerical distributions of velocities were studied in the tornado-like vortex flow both in the far field with large radius of maximum wind (RMW ) and in the central region. Vortical structures in the tornado-like vortex flow, especially those in the central region were identified and studied. These structures agrees somewhat with previous numerical studies by Lewellen(1997) and Nolan(2000). New vortical structures, horizontal vortex and double vortex rolls were identified. These structures were analyzed and explained physically with respect to the development of flow field. While the project did not proceed to the point of simulating vortex flows with rough surfaces, the foundation was laid for rough-wall work to be added to these results.
Changes in serum lactate to aerobic exercise among amateur athletes and non-athletes

Lactate is an end product of glucose metabolism that is usually produced in a larger quantity during exercise. This increase in production during exercise has been understood to be the reason for fatigue. The aim of this study is to determine the responses of serum lactate to aerobic exercise among amateur athletes and non-athletes. 48 consenting males (24 amateur athletes and 24 non-athletes) participated in this comparative quasi-experimental design. Subjects cycled on a bicycle ergometer to attain moderate intensity exercise target heart rate (MIETHR) and maintained the MIETHR till exhaustion (15 on Borgs scale or volitional exertion) while the serum lactate was measured at intervals. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Analysis of variance (ANOVA). Alpha level was set at p < 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 26.08±2.28 and 28.13±1.51 for the athletes and non-athletes respectively. There was a significant difference p=0.001 Training induced adaptations include a lower serum lactate level, a point that should be noted in studying of metabolic adaptations. Keywords : Lactate, Athletes, Exercise, Response, Fitness
A novel islanding fault detection for distributed generation systems

This paper proposes a novel islanding fault detection method for distributed generation systems. Islanding fault detection of distributed generation systems in microgrids and smart grids is an essential security technology. The existing methods for islanding fault detection can be classified as passive methods (such as under/over voltage detection, under/over frequency detection, and voltage phase jump detection, based on natural effects of islanding) and active methods (impedance measurement, slip mode frequency shift, Sandia frequency shift and so on). Once the power consumed by a local load matches the power generated by a local inverter, the islanding phenomenon will be not obvious, and traditional passive methods may fail. In contrast, the active methods can overcome this disadvantage. However, active methods create extra disturbances that may degrade the quality of power generated by the inverter. By reducing the harmonics of the inverter output, coupled with the use of a novel filtering method, the proposed approach can be achieved without additional disturbance and does no nondetection zone islanding detection. In this paper, current harmonic compensation is applied to inverter control to minimize the inverter output harmonics, highlighting on the grid harmonics. Set‐membership filter is developed to estimate the voltage harmonics. Islanding condition is detected by the changes of the specific order harmonics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by simulations. A Kalman filter contrast experiment is presented to confirm that the set‐membership filter can more effectively detect islanding. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the potential for call combinations in a lifelong vocal learner

The ability for humans to create seemingly infinite meaning from a finite set of sounds has likely been a critical component in our success as a species, allowing the unbounded communication of information. Syntax, the combining of meaningful sounds into phrases, is one of the primary features of language that enables this extensive expressivity. The evolutionary history of syntax, however, remains largely debated, and it is only very recently that comparative data for syntax in animals have been revealed. Here, we provide further evidence for a structural basis of potential syntactic‐like call combinations in the vocal communication system of a group‐living songbird. Acoustic analyses indicate that Western Australian magpies (Gymnorhina tibicen dorsalis) structurally combine generic alarm calls with acoustically distinct alert calls to produce an alarm alert sequence. These results are distinct from previous examples of call combinations as, to our knowledge, evidence for this capacity is yet to be demonstrated in the natural communication of a non‐human species that is capable of vocal learning throughout life. These findings offer prospects for experimental investigation into the presence and function of magpie call combinations, extending our understanding of animal vocal complexity.
Research and development of a next-generation free-space optical communication system

Achieving an all-optical connection between any wireless communication systems with optical fiber network is one of the ultimate goals of communication network design. An all-optical system providing seamless connection between freespace and optical fiber links by using free-space optical (FSO) communication technology suitable for next generation network has been developed. In order to realize this next-generation FSO communication system in which the transmitted light signal does not undergo any conversion thus achieving all-optical connection, it is necessary to develop a technology for tracking and focusing the free-space optical signal to a single mode fiber (SMF). The developed FSO system incorporates a fine pointing mirror (FPM) for high speed beam control and steering. This novel tracking method can suppress the beam intensity variations as a result of angle-of-arrival fluctuation (AOA) caused by atmospheric turbulence. This paper presents experimental results of a next-generation FSO system providing stable and reliable single channel transmission at 10 Gbps data rates as well as multiple channels using dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM). This kind of data rate is not possible to achieve using conventional FSO systems. The developed system can provide transmission capacity equivalent to optical fiber and from its design concept and configuration it is bit-rate and protocol transparent. Furthermore, we present research on Radio-on-FSO (RoFSO) system which is a combination of the developed nextgeneration FSO system and Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology. We demonstrate the possibility of utilizing this system for optical and radio frequency signals transmission. RoFSO technology is independent of the difference in the underlying physical layers for radio system or fiber system, but realizing fusion at the service level. The RoFSO technology is available to realize a universal platform for transparent forwarding various wireless services in a ubiquitous network environment.
Peacekeeping and Burden-sharing, 1994-2000

This article updates earlier analyses of peacekeeping burden-sharing for the 1994-2000 period. In particular, we apply a Kendall tau test to determine whether peacekeeping burdens are being shouldered by the large countries for the small countries in recent years. This test indicates the rank correlation between GDP and peacekeeping burdens. Two sets of countries are examined: NATO allies and a broader sample of the primary supporters of peacekeeping missions. The study investigates burden-sharing not only for UN-led peacekeeping missions, but also for UN-led and non-UN-led missions (for example, Implementation Force in Bosnia, the Kosovo Force). Our spending proxy for non-UN-led peacekeeping missions relies on troop expense and is much more systematic than proxies in prior studies. The statistical findings indicate that burden-sharing is disproportionate during recent years when compared with the Cold War era. This result suggests that peacekeeping has a relatively large share of purely public benefits, which is leading to some `exploitation of the large by the small'. It is anticipated that this disproportionality will increase over time and lead to more suboptimal allocation of resources to peacekeeping from a global vantage point. This article also extends the analysis to investigate the rank correlation between GDP per capita and peacekeeping burdens in order to ascertain whether the rich are being exploited by the poor. There is some evidence of disproportionate burdens being carried by the rich for just the NATO sample during two recent years when both UN-led and non-UN-led missions are included.
The comparison of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for adolescent depression

Background: Major depression is a common psychiatric disorder among children, adolescents, and adults that affects the daily functioning. In this study, we aim to determine the efficacy and tolerability of three medications that frequently use in the treatment of adolescent depression. Methods: A total of 432 adolescents with documented DSM-5 major depression diagnosis was included to the study. Clinical characteristics of the sample were retrospectively obtained from the medical records and structured psychiatric interviews. Improvement was assessed with Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I) and side effects were examined with the adverse effect scale developed by the authors. Results: Mean age of the patients was 14.11±1.75. 34.1% of adolescents were male and 65.9% were female. 38.0% of the patients were using fluoxetine, 43.3% were using sertraline, and 18.7% were using citalopram. The CGI-I and CDI scores were significantly different between the three groups. There was no significance in terms of treatment compliance. Stomach ache and aggressionirritability were meaningfully different between the groups. Conclusions: Citalopram appears to be less effective than fluoxetine and sertraline. Fluoxetine and sertraline seem to show similar effectiveness. Sertraline may be associated with less side effects and may be the most appropriate treatment for adolescent depression.
Localization of Wheeled Mobile Robot Based on Extended Kalman Filtering

A mobile robot localization method which combines relative positioning with absolute orientation is presented. The code salver and gyroscope are used for relative positioning, and the laser radar is used to detect absolute orientation. In this paper, we established environmental map, multi-sensor information fusion model, sensors and robot motion model. The Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) is adopted as multi-sensor data fusion technology to realize the precise localization of wheeled mobile robot.