Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angong Niuhuang Pill ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice partly by restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis

Angong Niuhuang Pill (ANP) is a famous traditional Chinese patent medicine and is used for treating ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke for centuries. However, the mechanism of action of ANP in stroke treatment has rarely been reported. With increasing evidence for a mechanistic link between acute ischemic stroke and gut microbiota alterations, this study aimed to determine the mechanism of action of ANP in treating acute ischemic stroke from the perspective of the gut microbiota. A mouse model of acute ischemic stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing and metabolomic analysis were performed on the cecal content samples collected from the sham, model, and ANP-treated MCAO mice. The results showed that ANP significantly ameliorated cerebral infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and reduced histopathological injuries in the ipsilateral ischemic cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. The latter effects included inhibition of neuronal death, increased Nissl bodies, and decreased cell apoptosis. Moreover, ANP reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis by modulating the abundance of bacteria whose effects may mitigate MCAO damage, such as the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, the families Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae, and the genera Alloprevotella and Roseburia. Microbial metabolites related to inflammation and neuroprotection, such as prostaglandin I2 and uridine, were also regulated by ANP treatment. Uridine, guanosine, and inosine might be potential neuromodulators produced by the gut microbiota in the ANP-treated group. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that these metabolites were intimately related to certain genera, including Alloprevotella, Lachnoclostridium, Enterorhabdus, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Colidextribacter. Our results demonstrated that alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis is one of the mechanisms by which ANP protects against ischemic stroke and suggest that targeting Alloprevotella, Lachnoclostridium, Enterorhabdus, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Colidextribacter might be a potential anti-stroke therapy.
Skin grafting treatment of adolescent lower limb avulsion injury

Background Under the influence of various factors, the number of lower extremity avulsion injuries in adolescents is increasing year by year. The main modality of treatment is skin grafting. There are many types of skin grafting. Although many studies on skin grafting after avulsion injuries have been published in the past few decades, there are differences in the treatment options for adolescents with post avulsion injuries. Main body Thorough debridement and appropriate skin grafts are essential for the surgical management of avulsion injuries for optimal prognosis. In the acquisition of grafts, progress has been made in equipment for how to obtain different depths of skin. The severity of the avulsion injury varies among patients on admission, and therefore the manner and type of skin grafting will vary. Especially in adolescents, graft survival and functional recovery are of great concern to both patients and physicians. Therefore, many efforts have been made to improve survival rate and activity. Conclusion This review summarizes the principles of treatment of avulsion injuries, the historical development of skin grafts, and the selection of skin grafts, hoping to be helpful for future research.
Drastic sex-dependent etiological distribution in severe liver diseases from Gabon

Chronic liver diseases still represent a worrying public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this region, emphasis is generally made on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) albeit liver cirrhosis (LC) is also responsible for an important death toll. Very few studies have compared the presentation and etiologies of cancer and cirrhosis of the liver in Middle Africa. We conducted a comparative retrospective analysis of 74 and 134 cases of patients with HCC and LC treated in Libreville, Gabon. Viral or lifestyle risk factors, clinical symptoms, and biological features were compared. We observed that ages of diagnosis were 53.2 ± 15.7 years and 48.6 ± 18.6 years for HCC and LC with remarkably low M:F sex ratios (1.3–1.8). Ethanol consumption was highly prevalent in both disease types (65.0%–70.0%). Chronic viral infections with hepatitis B (HBV) or C (HCV) virus were also widespread with slight domination of the former in both diseases (43.4% vs. 34.3%, and 35.9% vs. 28.5%). Patients with HCC were presenting very late with a mean diameter of the main nodule of 84 ± 50 mm and a multifocal pattern in 72.7% of cases. HCC developed on a cirrhotic liver in 91.7% of cases. Serum AFP was frankly elevated (>400 ng/ml) in only 35.8% of HCC cases. The most striking feature of the HCC series was the contrasted contribution of distinct pathogenic etiologies involving sex, viral, metabolic, and toxic factors. A frequently dysmetabolic condition synergizing with hepatitis C (anti-HCV, 73.8% vs 22.7%, p < 0.0001) in females and a male cancer promoted by recreational toxicants and chronic hepatitis B (HBsAg, 83.5% vs 35.9%, p < 0.0001) were observed. Men with HCC were considerably younger than women (46.8 ± 14.5 years vs. 62.2 ± 12.2 years, p < 0.0001). Further studies are now warranted to identify routes of HCV transmission and if they are still fueling reservoirs of future patients. Public policies to prevent alcohol-related harm have also to be urgently implemented in Gabon.
Flavonoids metabolism and physiological response to ultraviolet treatments in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a folk herb in Zhejiang Province with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, and anti-oxidation effects. Given its pharmacological activity, T. hemsleyanum is known as New “Zhebawei” and included in the medical insurance system of Zhejiang and other provinces. Flavonoids are the most important components of T. hemsleyanum, and their contents are mainly regulated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In this study, the total flavonoid contents, flavonoid monomer contents, and flavonoid synthesis related enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia–lyase, chalcone synthase, and chalcone isomerase), anti-oxidant enzyme activities (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), and biochemical indicators (malondialdehyde, free amino acid, soluble protein, and soluble sugar) in the leaves (L) and root tubers (R) of T. hemsleyanum with UV treatments were determined. Three kinds of UV radiation (UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C) and six kinds of radiation durations (15 and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 5 h) were used. Appropriate doses of UV-B and UV-C radiation (30 min to 3 h) induced eustress, which contributed to the accumulation of flavonoids and improve protective enzyme system activities and bioactive compound contents. Especially, certain results were observed in several special structures of the flavonoid monomer: quercetin contents in L increased by nearly 20 times, isoquercitrin contents in R increased by nearly 34 times; most of flavonoids with glycoside content, such as quercitrin (19 times), baicalin (16 times), and apigenin-7G (13 times), increased multiple times. Compared with the CK group, the flavonoid synthase activities, anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and biochemical substance contents in L and R all increased with UV treatments. This study provides a theoretical foundation for regulating flavonoids by light factors and improving the quality of T. hemsleyanum in production and medical industries.
Climatic influences on intra-annual stem variation of Larix principis-rupprechtii in a semi-arid region

Intra-annual monitoring of stem radial growth dynamics of trees and detecting how tree growth responds to changing climatic conditions are crucial for predicting the future growth dynamics under increasing drought conditions. Here, we monitored the intra-annual stem radial growth dynamics of seven Larix principis-rupprechtii using point dendrometers to investigate the influence of climate variables on the intra-annual growth of L. principis-rupprechtii in the growing season. The average stem radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii started on 29 April and stopped on 17 August based on the sigmoid Gompertz functions. The intra-annual stem radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii showed a parabolic trend, with its growth decreased when the temperature and sunlight duration hours exceeded certain thresholds. The vapor pressure deficits (VPD) strongly influenced tree intra-annual growth over other climatic factors in the growing season. Stem radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii decreased significantly with increasing VPD when VPD ranged from 0.5 to 0.8 kPa. Intra-annual stem radial growth of L. principis-rupprechtii was severely inhibited when VPD was higher than 0.8 kPa. In contrast, tree stem radial growth reached the maximum when VPD was lower than 0.5 kPa. Our study highlighted the important influences of major limiting climatic factors on the stem radial growth of trees in semi-arid regions.
Sphingolipids, mycobacteria and host: Unraveling the tug of war

COPYRIGHT © 2022 Mohammed, Saini, Jha, Hadda, Singh and Prakash. This is an openaccess article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Opinion PUBLISHED 15 September 2022 DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2022. 1003384
Insights into community assembly mechanisms, biogeography, and metabolic potential of particle-associated and free-living prokaryotes in tropical oligotrophic surface oceans

Heterotrophic prokaryotes constitute the largest living biomass in the ocean and can be divided into particle-associated (PA) and free-living (FL) fractions. PA and FL prokaryotic communities play critical roles in the biogeochemical cycles of particulate and dissolved organic matter; however, their community assembly processes, biogeographical distribution patterns, and functional properties in oligotrophic surface water remain to be further elucidated. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics, we investigated the assembly mechanisms, biogeography, and functional potential of PA and FL prokaryotes in the surface waters of the West Pacific and Indian Oceans. FL prokaryotic communities were predominantly structured by deterministic processes, whereas their PA counterparts appeared to be shaped by the combined action of deterministic and stochastic processes. PA and FL prokaryotes in the tropical oligotrophic surface ocean exhibit markedly different community structures and functional potentials. Bacterial PA specialists such as Lentimonas, Alteromonas, and Pirellula as well as archaeal PA specialists Marine Group II and Marine Group III were significantly more abundant in PA assemblages, whereas lineages such as Prochlorococcus, SAR11 clade, and Candidatus Actinomarina were significantly more abundant in FL communities. The metabolic potential of the PA community was more abundant in pathways such as polyamine biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and glycosaminoglycan degradation. In contrast, the FL community was more enriched in functions related to amino acid metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and aromatic degradation.
Oxidative C−C bond cleavage of lignin via electrocatalysis

Lignin, which is an important component of biomass in nature and is constantly produced in industry, becomes potential raw material for sustainable production of fine chemicals and biofuels. Electrocatalysis has been extensively involved in the activation of simple molecules and cleavage-recasting of complex scaffolds in an elegant environment. As such, electrocatalytic cleavage of C−C(O) in β-O-4 model molecules of lignin to value-added chemicals has received much attention in recent years. This mini-review introduces various anodes (e.g., Pb, Pt, Ni, Co., and Ir) developed for electro-oxidative lignin degradation (EOLD) under mild conditions. Attention was placed to understand the conversion pathways and involved reaction mechanisms during EOLD, with emphasis on the product distribution caused by different electrodes.
Role of complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling in brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage and the effect of minocycline treatment

Aim The complement cascade is activated and may play an important pathophysiologic role in brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the exact mechanism of specific complement components has not been well studied. This study determined the role of complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling in brain injury after ICH in mice. The effect of minocycline on C1q/C3-CR3 signaling-induced brain damage was also examined. Methods There were three parts to the study. First, the natural time course of C1q and CR3 expression was determined within 7 days after ICH. Second, mice had an ICH with CR3 agonists, LA-1 or vehicle. Behavioral score, neuronal cell death, hematoma volume, and oxidative stress response were assessed at 7 days after ICH. Third, the effect of minocycline on C1q/C3-CR3 signaling and brain damage was examined. Results There were increased numbers of C1q-positive and CR3-positive cells after ICH. Almost all perihematomal C1q-positive and CR3-positive cells were microglia/macrophages. CR3 agonist LA-1 aggravated neurological dysfunction, neuronal cell death, and oxidative stress response on day 7 after ICH, as well as enhancing the expression of the CD163/HO-1 pathway and accelerating hematoma resolution. Minocycline treatment exerted neuroprotective effects on brain injury following ICH, partly due to the inhibition of C1q/C3-CR3 signaling, and that could be reversed by LA-1. Conclusions The complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling is upregulated after ICH. The activation of C1q/C3-CR3 signaling by LA-1 aggravates brain injury following ICH. The neuroprotection of minocycline, at least partly, is involved with the repression of the C1q/C3-CR3 signaling pathway.
FOSL1 promotes tumor growth and invasion in ameloblastoma

Background FOSL1, a key component of the Activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional complex, plays an important role in cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. However, the impact of FOSL1 in ameloblastoma (AM) has not been clarified. Herein, we aimed to assess the expression of FOSL1 and investigate its functional role in AM. Methods The expression of FOSL1 was examined based on an immunohistochemistry analysis of 96 AM samples. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, Transwell, and sphere formation assays. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to investigate the molecular alterations of AM cells upon FOSL depletion. Microarrays of AMs were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for bioinformatics analysis. In addition, patient-derived AM organoids were used to evaluate the therapeutic value of the AP-1 inhibitor. Results FOSL1 was detected in the nuclei of AMs and upregulated in conventional AMs compared to unicystic AMs and normal oral epithelium. Compared with primary AM, FOSL1 expression was significantly increased in recurrent AM. Genetic knockdown of FOSL1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, and sphere formation of AMs. Similar results were also observed by pharmacological inhibition of AP-1 activity. Moreover, the AP-1 inhibitor T5224 impeded the growth of organoids derived from AM patients. Mechanistically, our Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results revealed that depletion of FOSL1 inactivated kinetochore metaphase signaling and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway and then impaired the aggressiveness of AM cells accordingly. Conclusion FOSL1 promotes tumor recurrence and invasive growth in AM by modulating kinetochore metaphase signaling and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathway; thus, it represents a promising therapeutic target for AM treatment.
IntraCoronary Artery Retrograde Thrombolysis vs. Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction. Thrombus aspiration was considered a good way to deal with coronary thrombus in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. However, recent studies have found that routine thrombus aspiration is not beneficial. This study is designed to investigate whether intracoronary artery retrograde thrombolysis (ICART) is more effective than thrombus aspiration or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in improving myocardial perfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods/Design IntraCoronary Artery Retrograde Thrombolysis (ICART) vs. thrombus aspiration or PTCA in STEMI trial is a single-center, prospective, randomized open-label trial with blinded evaluation of endpoints. A total of 286 patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI are randomly assigned to two groups: ICART and thrombus aspiration or PTCA. The primary endpoint is the incidence of >70% ST-segment elevation resolution. Secondary outcomes include distal embolization, myocardial blush grade, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade, and in-hospital bleeding. Discussion The ICART trial is the first randomized clinical trial (RCT) to date to verify the effect of ICART vs. thrombus aspiration or PTCA on myocardial perfusion in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. Clinical Trial Registration [https://www.chictr. org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR1900023849].
Research progress and hotspot of the artificial intelligence application in the ultrasound during 2011–2021: A bibliometric analysis

Ultrasound, as a common clinical examination tool, inevitably has human errors due to the limitations of manual operation. Artificial intelligence is an advanced computer program that can solve this problem. Therefore, the relevant literature on the application of artificial intelligence in the ultrasonic field from 2011 to 2021 was screened by authors from the Web of Science Core Collection, which aims to summarize the trend of artificial intelligence application in the field of ultrasound, meanwhile, visualize and predict research hotspots. A total of 908 publications were included in the study. Overall, the number of global publications is on the rise, and studies on the application of artificial intelligence in the field of ultrasound continue to increase. China has made the largest contribution in this field. In terms of institutions, Fudan University has the most number of publications. Recently, IEEE Access is the most published journal. Suri J. S. published most of the articles and had the highest number of citations in this field (29 articles). It's worth noting that, convolutional neural networks (CNN), as a kind of deep learning algorithm, was considered to bring better image analysis and processing ability in recent most-cited articles. According to the analysis of keywords, the latest keyword is “COVID-19” (2020.8). The co-occurrence analysis of keywords by VOSviewer visually presented four clusters which consisted of “deep learning,” “machine learning,” “application in the field of visceral organs,” and “application in the field of cardiovascular”. The latest hot words of these clusters were “COVID-19; neural-network; hepatocellular carcinoma; atherosclerotic plaques”. This study reveals the importance of multi-institutional and multi-field collaboration in promoting research progress.
Influence of the parameters of the convolutional neural network model in predicting the effective compressive modulus of porous structure

In recent years, the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique has emerged as an efficient new method for designing porous structure, but a CNN model generally contains a large number of parameters, each of which could influence the predictive ability of the CNN model. Furthermore, there is no consensus on the setting of each parameter in the CNN model. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the sensitivity of the parameters in the CNN model for the prediction of the mechanical property of porous structures. 10,500 samples of porous structure were randomly generated, and their effective compressive moduli obtained from finite element analysis were used as the ground truths to construct and train a CNN model. 8,000 of the samples were used to train the CNN model, 2000 samples were used for the cross-validation of the CNN model and the remaining 500 new structures, which did not participate in the CNN training process, were used to test the predictive power of the CNN model. The sensitivity of the number of convolutional layers, the number of convolution kernels, the number of pooling layers, the number of fully connected layers and the optimizer in the CNN model were then investigated. The results showed that the optimizer has the largest influence on the training speed, while the fully connected layer has the least impact on the training speed. Additionally, the pooling layer has the largest impact on the predictive ability while the optimizer has the least impact on the predictive ability. In conclusion, the parameters of the CNN model play an important role in the performance of the CNN model and the parameter sensitivity analysis can help optimize the CNN model to increase the computational efficiency.
A century of anthropogenic river alterations in a highly diverse river coastal basin: Effects on fish assemblages

The global increase in human population is driving a continuous conversion of land to anthropogenic uses. This is a major threat to lotic ecosystems worldwide, as it compromises the biotic integrity and health of rivers and streams. Studies in the northern hemisphere have shown that the effects of urbanization on fish assemblages include decrease and/or loss of diversity and abundance of native species, and a proliferation of tolerant exotic species. Such effects have not been widely studied in developing countries like Chile, where urbanization has impacted several river ecosystems. Over decades, the lower zone of the Andalién River in Central Chile has gone over intense non-planned urbanization stemming from the city of Concepción, leading to several physical alterations. The native fish and lamprey fauna of this coastal river basin has been reported as very diverse, with a total of 16 native species. However, this fauna has been affected by multiple effects of different land uses and direct alterations in the riverbed. To study how these fish and lamprey assemblages have changed, this paper compiles records from 1919 to 2018 and analyzes them in relation to the direct and indirect anthropogenic alterations in the basin. The results show a significant reduction in richness and abundance of native species, with only nine species currently. The two migratory lampreys, one of them endemic (Mordacia lapicida), have been extirpated from the Andalién River basin. Conversely, the richness and distribution of introduced species has increased throughout the river basin. The invasive species Gambusia holbrooki, first registered in 1999, is currently the most abundant in the urban zone of the river. Although the more substantial direct alterations of the riverbed occurred in the lower areas, a steeper reduction in native species richness occurred in the middle areas subjected to a long history of agricultural and forestry land use. We suggest the loss of resilience of the river ecosystem, and that the collapse of biodiversity in this river system demonstrates the lack of urban planning and the inefficiency of environmental regulations in protecting native species and ecosystems with high conservation value in Chile.