Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular attraction of condensed bodies

As a contribution to commemorating the 100th anniversary of the birth of Evgenii Mikhailovich Lifshitz, it was found appropriate by the Editorial Board of Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk (UFN) [Physics – Uspekhi] journal that the materials of the jubilee-associated Scientific Session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences published in this issue (pp. 877 – 905) be augmented by the review paper “Molecular attraction of condensed bodies” reproduced from a 1958 UFN issue. Included in this review, in addition to an ad hoc account by Evgenii Mikhailovich Lifshitz of his theory of molecular attractive forces between condensed bodies (first published in Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki (ZhETF) in 1955 and in its English translation Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (JETP) in 1956), is a summary of a series of experimental studies beginning in 1949 by Irina Igorevna Abrikosova at the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in a laboratory led by Boris Vladimirovich Derjaguin (1902–1994), a Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1958, however, UFN was not yet available in English translation, so the material of the review is insufficiently accessible to the present-day English-speaking reader. This is the reason why the UFN Editorial Board decided to contribute to celebrating the 100th anniversary of E M Lifshitz's birthday by reproducing on the journal's pages a 1958 review paper which contains both E M Lifshitz's theory itself and the experimental data that underpinned it (for an account of how Evgenii Mikhailovich Lifshitz was enlisted to explain the experimental results of I I Abrikosova and B V Derjaguin, see the letter to the editors by N P Danilova on page 925 of this jubilee collection of publications).
Applications of Cladding Stress Induced Effects For Advanced Polarization Control in Silicon Photonics

The applications of cladding stress in SOI waveguide components to enhance de- vice functionality and improve fabrication tolerance are reviewed. Assisted by FEM design tools, characteristics of stress-induced efiects are studied in depth. Design strategies are developed for using stress engineering to achieve a variety of functions. Polarization insensitive arrayed waveg- uide gratings (AWGs) and ring resonators, and polarization splitters and fllters are demonstrated using these design principles.
Validation on a global scale for an indirect effect of aerosols on radiation forcing

It is shown that column number density of aerosols has a negative correlation with the effective radius of cloud particles and proportionally correlates with the optical thickness and the column number density of cloud particles. These results confirm the indirect effect of aerosols, namely aerosols play sufficient role as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).
A normal form approach to approximate input-output linearization for maximum phase nonlinear SISO systems

A control synthesis scheme is presented for nonlinear single-input-single-output systems which have completely unstable (antistable) zero dynamics. The approach is similar in spirit to linear approaches for nonminimum phase systems and involves the derivation of an input-output linearizing controller for a suitably-defined nonlinear minimum phase approximation to the original system. The linearizing controller achieves an approximately linear input-output response and internal stability.
Dynamical evolution of topology of large-scale structure. [in distribution of galaxies]

The nonlinear effects of statistical biasing and gravitational evolution on the genus are studied. The biased galaxy subset is picked for the first time by actually identifying galaxy-sized peaks above a fixed threshold in the initial conditions, and their subsequent evolution is followed. It is found that in the standard cold dark matter (CDM) model the statistical biasing in the locations of galaxies produces asymmetry in the genus curve and coupling with gravitational evolution gives rise to a shift in the genus curve to the left in moderately nonlinear regimes. Gravitational evolution alone reduces the amplitude of the genus curve due to strong phase correlations in the density field and also produces asymmetry in the curve. Results on the genus of the mass density field for both CDM and hot dark matter models are consistent with previous work by Melott, Weinberg, and Gott (1987).
Mixing in time and space for discrete spin systems

This dissertation studies relationships between fast convergence to equilibrium (mixing in time) of natural Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for discrete spin systems, and decay of correlations with distance in the corresponding equilibrium distribution (mixing in space). The results fall into four main groups. In the first part we generalize the Dobrushin and Dobrushin-Shlosman conditions for uniqueness of the Gibbs measure (a form of mixing in space) by presenting conditions of any finite size for models on any underlying graph. We give two dual conditions, one requiring that the total influence on a site is small, and the other that the total influence of a site is small. In the second part we critically examine a known sharp equivalence between appropriate notions of mixing in time and in space. For this part, the discussion applies only to systems on the d-dimensional integer lattice Zd . We give new, purely combinatorial arguments to prove that, if the mixing time of the Glauber dynamics is O(n log n), then spin correlations decay exponentially fast with distance in the Gibbs distribution. In the third part we develop a new framework for analyzing the mixing time for spin systems on trees. The main technical result here is that on trees, an appropriate form of mixing in space implies O( n log n) mixing time of the Glauber dynamics. The novelty of this implication is that it is specific to the boundary condition. This allows us to give the first comprehensive analysis (in any context) of the effect of boundary conditions on the mixing time for the Ising and other models. In the fourth part we explore directions for extending our results for trees to the 2-dimensional integer lattice Z2 . The main motivation here is resolving a long standing conjecture which states that, conditioned on the all-(+) boundary, the mixing time re mains bounded by a fixed polynomial in n at all temperatures. (Notice that for the free boundary case, the mixing time at low temperatures is known to be very slow, specifically exp(Θ( n ))). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Loss distributions conditional on defaults

The impact of default events on the loss distribution of a credit portfolio can be assessed by determining the loss distribution conditional on these events. While it is conceptually easy to estimate loss distributions conditional on default events by means of Monte Carlo simulation, it becomes impractical for two or more simultaneous defaults as the conditioning event is extremely rare. We provide an analytical approach to the calculation of the conditional loss distribution for the CreditRisk+ portfolio model with independent random loss given default distributions. The analytical solution for this case can be used to study the properties of the conditional loss distributions and to discuss how they relate to the identification of risk concentrations.
Sympletic Finite Difference Approximations of the Nonlinear Klein--Gordon Equation

We analyze three finite difference approximations of the nonlinear Klein--Gordon equation and show that they are directly related to symplectic mappings. Two of the schemes, the Perring--Skyrme and Ablowitz--Kruskal--Ladik, are long established, and the third is a new, higher order accurate scheme. We test the schemes on traveling wave and periodic breather problems over long time intervals and compare their accuracy and computational costs with those of symplectic and nonsymplectic method-of-lines approximations and a nonsymplectic energy conserving method.
The Effect of Magnetic Reconnection and Writhing in a Partial Filament Eruption

We present observations from 2007 March 2 of a partial filament eruption characterized by two distinct phases of writhing motions: a quasi-static, slowly evolving phase followed by a rapid kinking phase showing a bifurcation of the filament. The quasi-static kinking motions are observed before there is any heating or flaring evident in EUV or soft X-ray (SXR) observations. As the writhe of the filament develops, a sigmoid becomes sharply defined in the SXR. Prior to eruption onset, the sigmoid in the EUV appears to be composed of two separate looplike structures, which are discontinuous at the projected location where the sigmoid crosses the filament. Coincident with the onset of the eruption and the production of a GOES class B2 flare, the original “two-loop” EUV sigmoid is now observed as a single continuous structure lying above the filament, signifying the presence of magnetic reconnection and the associated dissipative heating of field lines above the filament. During the eruption, the escaping portion of the filament rotates quickly and erupts together with the expanding arched sigmoid. The portion of the filament that is left behind develops into an inverse S-shaped configuration. The separation of the filament, the EUV brightening at the separation location, and the surviving sigmoidal structure are all signatures of magnetic reconnection occurring within the body of the original filament. Other features of the same event reported by Sterling and coworkers, e.g., the flux cancellation at the polarity inversion line prior to the eruption and the SXR compact loop formed underneath the erupting sigmoid during the eruption, indicate that magnetic reconnection also occurred in the sheared core field beneath the filament. These results suggest that a combination of the kinking motions and internal tether-cutting are responsible for the initiation of the eruption.
FLUID FLOW IN ROTATING HELICAL SQUARE DUCTS

A numerical study is made for a fully developed laminar flow in rotating helical pipes.Due to the rotation, the Coriolis force can also contribute to the secondary flow.The interaction between rotation, torsion, and curvature complicates the flow characteristics.The effects of rotation and torsion on the flow transitions are studied in details.The results show that there are obvious differences between the flow in rotating ducts and in helical ducts without rotation.Certain hitherto unknown flow patterns are found.The effects of rotation and torsion on the friction factor are also examined.Present results show the characteristics of the fluid flow in rotating helical square ducts.
A new multimodal cortical source imaging algorithm for integrating simultaneously recorded EEG and MEG

In this study, we propose a new cortical source imaging algorithm for integrating simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), which takes into account the different sensitivity characteristics of the two modalities with respect to cortical source orientations. It is generally accepted that MEG can record neuronal electrical activities with higher spatial resolution than EEG because magnetic field is less affected by the inhomogeneous conductivity profile of the human head than electric field. Nevertheless, it is also well known that MEG cannot reliably detect neuronal sources with radial orientation, whereas EEG is relatively less dependent on the source orientations than MEG. However, this intrinsic difference has not previously been taken into account in the integrative cortical source imaging using simultaneously recorded EEG and MEG data. To consider the different directional sensitivities of the two modalities, we conceptually decomposed the sensor and source spaces into radial and tangential components and developed an explicit formulation described as a general type of weighted minimum norm estimation. Using extensive computer simulations, we demonstrated that our proposed algorithm substantially enhances localization accuracy over almost the entire cortical surface compared to that of the conventional integration algorithm and results in a significant improvement especially when either a radial or tangential source component is dominant.
Computer-generated imagery for 4-D meteorological data

The University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center is developing animated stereo display terminals for use with McIDAS (Man-computer Interactive Data Access System). This paper describes image-generation techniques which have been developed to take maximum advantage of these terminals, integrating large quantities of four-dimensional meteorological data from balloon and satellite soundings, satellite images, doppler and volumetric radar, and conventional surface observations. The images have been designed to use perspective, shading, hidden-surface removal, and transparency to augment the animation and stereo-display geometry. They create an illusion of a moving three-dimensional model of the atmosphere so vivid that you feel like you can reach into the display and touch it. This paper describes the design of these images and a number of rules of thumb for generating four-dimensional meteorological displays.
Estimation strategies for fault isolation of linear systems with disturbances

This study presents fault estimation and diagnostics for a linear system with disturbances. Through a series of transformations on state and output equations, the given system is partitioned into three subsystems: a disturbance and fault-free subsystem, a disturbance-dependent one and an actuator fault-dependent one. The transformations enable the state vectors of the second and third subsystems to be described in terms of only output measurements, respectively. An unknown input observer is constructed for the first subsystem and is then used for actuator fault estimation. The proposed diagnostic method is verified through simulation studies performed on the control of a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft in the vertical plane.
WELL-POSEDNESS OF AN INITIAL BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM FROM LASER DYNAMICS

In this paper a mathematical model, consisting of nonlinear first-order ordinary and partial differential equations with initial and boundary conditions, for the dynamical behavior of multisection DFB (distributed feedback) semiconductor lasers is investigated. We introduce a suitable weak formulation and prove existence, uniqueness and regularity properties of the solutions. The assumptions on the data are quite general, in particular, the physically relevant case of piecewise smooth, but discontinuous with respect to space and time coefficients in the equations and in the boundary conditions is included.
A Critical appraisal of multivariate analysis in statistical applications

Multivariate statistical analysis has its genesis in theoretical foundations, usually coated with mathematical sophistications and abstractions, though it aims to nurture the methodology for fruitful statistical applications in a variety of fields. Because of inherent complexities of experimental or observational schemes that pertain to such nonstandard applications, there may be genuine roadblocks to incorporation of routine or standard multivariate analysis tools in a majority of such cases. A critical appraisal of the theoretical perspectives of multivariate analysis is made here in the light of their scope
An Evaluation of Problems Affecting the Measurement of Low Relative Humidity on the United States Radiosonde

Abstract This paper explores the low-humidity problem that has plagued the radiosonde hygristor for nearly 30 years and that makes the hygristor appear to become insensitive at relative humidities (RH) below about 20% RH. The problem led the National Weather Service (NWS) in 1973 to begin a practice of terminating the radiosonde humidity measurement at 20% RH and to begin reporting any humidities evaluated at less than 20% using a 30°C dewpoint depression in the coded radiosonde message. This practice remains in effect today and has resulted in a permanent, 20-year gap in the radiosonde humidity archive for the United States. This study examines a number of factors that can potentially affect the accuracy of NWS radiosonde low-humidity data, including 1) characteristics of the hygristor response curve, 2) characteristics of the NWS analog radiosonde and methods used to transmit and record the radiosonde signal, and 3) reduction techniques used to convert the radiosonde signal into RH. It is shown that the.
Rumination and Rejection Sensitivity Elevate Victimized Adolescents’ Loneliness: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACT The current three-wave longitudinal study investigated whether peer victimization would activate adolescents’ rumination and rejection sensitivity, and therefore exacerbate subsequent loneliness. Surveys were administered to adolescents across three measurements, one year apart. Eight hundred and fifty-seven Chinese adolescents (56.62% males; M age = 14.73, SD = 0.43) completed self-reported and peer-nominated measures of victimization, rumination, rejection sensitivity and loneliness. Results revealed that self-reported, but not peer-nominated victimization at baseline directly predicted adolescent loneliness one year later. Moreover, both rumination and rejection sensitivity exerted mediating effects on the relationship between self-reported victimization and loneliness. Additionally, this parallel mediation model was robust across gender. These findings suggest that self-perceived peer victimization would increase Chinese adolescents’ loneliness since they employ rumination and rejection sensitivity to cope with peer victimization.
Ultradiffusion: the relaxation of hierarchical systems

The authors show that the dynamics of relaxation in hierarchical structures leads to an anomalous decay process which they term ultradiffusion. Using renormalisation group techniques, they explicitly calculate the behaviour of the autocorrelation function in a one-dimensional hierarchical system and show its universal power law decay as a function of temperature. The authors also demonstrate analytically the emergence of a hierarchy of time scales. This phenomenon is relevant to systems ranging from macromolecules to computing structures.
Synthesis, spectroscopic profiling, biological evaluation, DFT, molecular docking and mathematical studies of 3,5-diethyl-2r,6c-diphenylpiperidin-4-one picrate

The title compound 3,5-diethyl-2r,6c-diphenylpiperidin-4-one picrate (3,5-DEDPPP) have been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, FT-IR, Mass, 1D NMR (1H and 13C), UV-Vis. , and Fluorescence spectral techniques. The title compound had been optimised utilising DFT method with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. First order hyperpolarisability calculation was used to determine the non-linear optical behaviour of the title molecule. The calculation of the Lewis (bonding) and Non-Lewis (anti-bonding) structural types was done to explore the intra-molecular charge transfer within the molecule. The ICT and bioactivity of the molecule are significantly influenced by the decrease of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap value. The nucleophilic and electrophilic active sites of the molecule are predicted by the MEP surface analysis. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibreo cholerae, as well as fungi such Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum, were tested for the 3,5-DEDPPP bacterial activity. To establish information about the molecular interactions between protein and this novel compound theoretically, docking studies were carried out in detail. This study is further extended and confirms our synthesised molecular structure using NMR-spectroscopy by mathematical computation through the concept of graph colouring. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Attitudes Toward Statistics and Their Relationship with Short- and Long-Term Exam Results

This study uses the Attitudes Toward Statistics (ATS) scale (Wise 1985) to investigate the attitudes toward statistics and the relationship of those attitudes with short- and long-term statistics exam results for university students taking statistics courses in a five year Educational Sciences curriculum. Compared to the findings from previous studies, the results indicate that the sample of undergraduate students have relatively negative attitudes toward the use of statistics in their field of study but relatively positive attitudes toward the course of statistics in which they are enrolled. Similar to other studies, we find a relationship between the attitudes toward the course and the results on the first year statistics exam. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between the attitudes and the long-term exam results. A positive relationship is found between students' attitudes toward the use of statistics in their field of study and the dissertation grade. This relationship does not differ systematically from the one between the first year statistics exam results and the dissertation grade in the fifth year. Thus, the affective and cognitive measures at the beginning of the curriculum are equally predictive for long-term exam results. Finally, this study reveals that the relationship between attitudes toward statistics and exam results is content-specific: We do not find a relationship between attitudes and general exam results, only between attitudes and results on statistics exams.
Current Progress, Applications and Challenges of Multi-Omics Approaches in Sesame Genetic Improvement

Sesame is one of the important traditional oil crops in the world, and has high economic and nutritional value. Recently, due to the novel high throughput sequencing techniques and bioinformatical methods, the study of the genomics, methylomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics of sesame has developed rapidly. Thus far, the genomes of five sesame accessions have been released, including white and black seed sesame. The genome studies reveal the function and structure of the sesame genome, and facilitate the exploitation of molecular markers, the construction of genetic maps and the study of pan-genomes. Methylomics focus on the study of the molecular level changes under different environmental conditions. Transcriptomics provide a powerful tool to study abiotic/biotic stress, organ development, and noncoding RNAs, and proteomics and metabonomics also provide some support in studying abiotic stress and important traits. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of multi-omics in sesame genetics breeding were also described. This review summarizes the current research status of sesame from the perspectives of multi-omics and hopes to provide help for further in-depth research on sesame.
Chemokine Regulation in Temporomandibular Joint Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are conditions that affect the muscles of mastication and joints that connect the mandible to the base of the skull. Although TMJ disorders are associated with symptoms, the causes are not well proven. Chemokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of TMJ disease by promoting chemotaxis inflammatory cells to destroy the joint synovium, cartilage, subchondral bone, and other structures. Therefore, enhancing our understanding of chemokines is critical for developing appropriate treatment of TMJ. In this review, we discuss chemokines including MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-3a, RANTES, IL-8, SDF-1, and fractalkine that are known to be involved in TMJ diseases. In addition, we present novel findings that CCL2 is involved in β-catenin-mediated TMJ osteoarthritis (OA) and potential molecular targets for the development of effective therapies. The effects of common inflammatory factors, IL-1β and TNF-α, on chemotaxis are also described. In conclusion, this review aims to provide a theoretical basis for future chemokine-targeted therapies for TMJ OA.