Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
California's Volatile Hydroclimate: Lessons From the Paleoclimate Record

Climate change is expected to decrease mean precipitation in California, but changes in hydroclimate extremes are likely to have more immediate and significant impacts on California water resources, ecosystems, and economy. Paleoclimate records can provide valuable baseline data for constraining natural hydroclimate variability and improving climate projections, but quantitative precipitation records are limited. A new study by de Wet et al. (2021) provides the first semi‐quantitative record of early Holocene precipitation in central California, based on speleothem calcium isotope (δ44Ca) variations, that indicates that precipitation variability during and preceding the 8.2 kyr event approached or exceeded that of recent decades. This study outlines a new approach for developing more robust and quantitative hydroclimate records, and also highlights that precipitation “whiplash” is a ubiquitous feature of California's climate that we must prepare for, especially given the likelihood that human‐caused climate change is already increasing the frequency and severity of hydrologic extremes.
STORM: Integrated 3D Stochastic Reservoir Modeling Tool for Geologists and Reservoir Engineers

The petroleum industry is focusing on improved reservoir characterization. Decision concerning development and depletion of hydrocarbon reservoirs must be made while giving consideration to the uncertainties of the formation involved. This requires combining geological and engineering data to develop a detailed reservoir model. Geostatistics and stochastic modeling techniques have emerged as promising approaches for integrating all relevant information and describing heterogeneous reservoirs. By use of stochastic techniques to generate a range of equiprobable reservoir descriptions, the uncertainty in the important reservoir parameters can be quantified. This quantification, together with the enhanced understanding of the reservoir characteristics given by stochastic reservoir modeling and visualization, provides an essential basis for making informed field-development decisions. This paper presents an integrated approach for stochastic reservoir evaluation. The presented approach has been implemented in the software system STORM.
An update on the conservation status of the Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax: global and local population estimates, trends, and threats

Summary The Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax is an iconic species and an indicator of healthy grassland and farmland ecosystems. It formerly ranged almost continuously from north-western Africa and Iberia to central Asia, encompassing France, Italy, southern Russia, and the Middle East, occupying natural grass steppes, pastured grasslands, and extensive cereal farmland. Today, two main distribution sub-ranges persist: a western one comprising the Iberian Peninsula, France, and Sardinia, and an eastern one encompassing mainly southern Russia and Kazakhstan but reaching north-western China and isolated spots in Turkey. We describe the changes that occurred across the species’ range and were documented during the last and current centuries and revise the status and trends of Little Bustard populations throughout that range. We provide the first global estimate of the world population, as well as those of the two sub-ranges, discussing the main threats and global conservation implications of these estimates. Historically abundant in Europe and northern Africa, the Little Bustard has strongly declined over the second half of the 20th century, becoming extinct in at least 15 countries. Such spectacular regression is mainly associated with land-use change and agricultural intensification. Other threats are legal hunting, poaching, and collision with powerlines. In the last two decades, the species has severely declined (c.6% yearly rate) in its traditional population stronghold, the Iberian Peninsula. Conversely, there is evidence of recent population growth in some areas of the Eastern range, but increases are unquantified and require further study. Many populations are probably small and scattered, with no reliable information on size and trends. Nevertheless, the Eastern range may now be considered the species’ stronghold with more than half the world’s population. The diverging dynamics and ecological differences between the two sub-ranges require a global conservation strategy that treats each as a different conservation unit to assure the species’ recovery.
A zero-current-switching PWM flyback converter with a simple auxiliary switch

A simple and effective approach of turning an isolated hard-switched converter design into a soft-switched one is presented. By adding an auxiliary winding, switch and small capacitor to the conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM) isolated flyback converter, all switches and diodes are softly turned on and off. No extra active or passive voltage clamp circuit is needed to suppress voltage stress on the switching devices that were usually found in classical converters. A zero-current-switching (ZCS) PWM flyback converter topology with multiple outputs is analyzed and examined. The proposal inherently utilizes the leakage inductance of the "flyback" transformer to achieve ZCS of all switching devices. A complete steady-state DC analysis and the operating principle are described. The performance of an 80 W experimental converter prototype with dual-voltage outputs is included.
Static VAr compensator protection

Static VAr compensator (SVC) protection practices are presented. Protection schemes comprise a combination of conventional protective relays as well as protection functions performed by the control system. This paper describes different protection functions applicable to SVCs and includes a tabulated overview of possible SVC protection methods. A section is dedicated to testing SVC protection systems. The outlined test procedures may be adopted when commissioning new installations in order to demonstrate proper protection operation. Finally, an important aspect of SVC protective schemes is related to the interactions with transient overvoltages, harmonics, short-circuits, and geomagnetic induced current (GICs) of the transmission network. This paper discusses these issues and identifies areas where careful protection considerations are required. >
Mechanical Excitation of Electricity-Producing Wind Turbines at Grid Faults

A model of electricity-producing wind turbines, focusing on a detailed representation of the mechanical construction by a simplified aeroelastic code, is implemented in the simulation tool PSS/E. The model is used to investigate the mechanical excitation of the grid-connected wind turbines due to grid faults. The power grid models, of arbitrary complexity, allow an accurate response of the wind turbine generators to the grid fault. This simulates an accurate voltage profile and, hence, the electric torque affecting the mechanical construction through the shaft system. The turbine construction will be excited by the grid fault with torsional oscillations and vibrations in the shaft system. These mechanical responses are compared with the respective oscillations and vibrations occurring in the wind turbine at a safety-stop. The analysis is important because the capacities and physical size of new wind turbines are increasing significantly, so the interaction between the wind turbine mechanical construction and the power grid will affect power stability.
Integrated higher‐order pulse‐width modulation filter–transformer structure for single‐phase static compensator

A power filter is necessary to connect the output of a power converter to the grid so as to reduce the harmonic distortion introduced in the line current and voltage by the power converter. Many a times, a transformer is also present before the point of common coupling. Magnetic components often constitute a significant part of the overall weight, size and cost of the grid interface scheme. So, a compact inexpensive design is desirable. A higher-order LCL-filter and a transformer are increasingly being considered for grid interconnection of the power converter. This study proposes a design method based on a three-winding transformer, that generates an integrated structure that behaves as an LCL-filter, with both the filter inductances and the transformer that are merged into a single electromagnetic component. The parameters of the transformer are derived analytically. It is shown that along with a filter capacitor, the transformer parameters provide the filtering action of an LCL-filter. A single-phase full-bridge power converter is operated as a static compensator for performance evaluation of the integrated filter transformer. A resonant integrator-based single-phase phase locked loop and stationary frame AC current controller are employed for grid frequency synchronisation and line current control, respectively.
Modeling Freight Delivery Flows: Missing Link of Urban Transport Analysis

Urban freight transport has barely incited any modeling efforts when compared to passenger cars and public transport, which is mainly due to the lack of available data and the complexity of the delivery route patterns and the involved decision making. We present here a modeling approach consisting of a demand model followed by an entropy maximization procedure to estimate an origin-destination matrix for urban freight transport vehicles, both for business to business and home deliveries, during the morning peak hour. This approach requires relatively few data inputs in comparison with other existing models and represents an initial step toward the inclusion of freight delivery models in overall urban transport planning. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study in the city of Seville, with its efficiency tested by the validation of the results using actual traffic counts.
Bimanual Grasping Adheres to Weber's Law

Weber's law states that our ability to detect changes in stimulus attributes decreases linearly with their magnitude. This principle holds true for many attributes across sensory modalities but appears to be violated in grasping. One explanation for the failure to observe Weber's law in grasping is that its effect is masked by biomechanical constraints of the hand. We tested this hypothesis using a bimanual task that eliminates biomechanical constraints. Participants either grasped differently sized boxes that were comfortably within their arm span (action task) or estimated their width (perceptual task). Within each task, there were two conditions: One where the hands’ start positions remained fixed for all object sizes (meaning the distance between the initial and final hand-positions varied with object size), and one in which the hands’ start positions adapted with object size (such that the distance between the initial and final hand-position remained constant). We observed adherence to Weber's law in bimanual estimation and grasping across both conditions. Our results conflict with a previous study that reported the absence of Weber's law in bimanual grasping. We discuss potential explanations for these divergent findings and encourage further research on whether Weber's law persists when biomechanical constraints are reduced.
Unbalanced Fault Control for a Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable System

One of the most popular issues in the future power generation is the renewable energy and the development of grid energy system. Different types of renewable energies are harnessed and integrated into the Grid system formed a hybrid grid energy system, which can enhance the stability and flexibility of the entire energy system. This paper presents the modeling and control of Wind-PV grid connected system under unbalanced fault condition. Control operation of hybrid system under normal as well as unbalanced fault conditions is analyzed. Multiple input DC-DC converters are designed to integrate the renewable energy sources into the main DC bus. This study considers both wind energy and solar irradiance changes in combination with the load power variations. It is shown that the major constraints like harmonic is to be absorbed by the DC link capacitor and the control effectiveness depends on the voltage and current capabilities of the semiconductor in the inverter circuit. Finally wind-PV hybrid energy system is integrated with the IEEE 14 bus test system in MATLAB SIMULINK environment. Simulation and test results for the proposed system performances under unbalanced fault condition are presented in order to supply continues power to the load.
Quantifying PM 2.5 Concentrations From Multi-Weather Sensors Using Hidden Markov Models

This letter presents a novel approach to quantify the ambient concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from multi-weather sensors based on hidden Markov models-oriented statistical methodology. Compared with one current state-of-the-art, the proposed methodology produces a better result, showing potential applications in the existing network of the multi-weather sensors for the PM complementary measurements.
Gender Differences in Law Enforcement Officer Stress and Coping Strategies

Law enforcement officers, like many professionals, are not immune to the effect of stress on their overall health. In fact, law enforcement officers may be particularly vulnerable to these effects due to unique and sometimes traumatic stressors inherent in their work. Further, male and female officers may experience the stressors of the law enforcement profession, and the coping strategies used in response to stress, differently. Using survey data collected from a sample of law enforcement officers in a large urban police agency in the southeastern United States, this research examines the differences between male and female officers in terms of perception of stressors in policing and coping strategies used in response to stress. The findings indicate that female officers have significantly higher mean stress scores on several items (particularly those regarding safety factors) and are significantly more likely to use positive coping strategies compared to male officers.
InSAS'00: interferometric SAS and INS aided SAS imaging

This paper presents results of an experiment carried out in Elba Island (Italy), aimed at investigating wideband interferometric synthetic aperture sonar (InSAS). A 20 m underwater rail with a multi-axis motion actuator (MAMA) was used to introduce controlled distortions in the sonar trajectory during its displacement along the rail. The sonar operated between 120 kHz and 180 kHz and consisted of two 32 channel receiver arrays, of length L=26.7 cm, vertically separated by 21 cm, and of three transmitters spaced along-track at L/2. A very high grade inertial navigation system (INS), of the 0.1 nm/hr class was used to sense the sonar motion. Raw sonar and INS data were collected under various pre-determined distortions, e.g. /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ sinusoidal yaw, for offline analysis. Multi-aspect insonification of different objects were also carried out using a turntable in order to assess the benefit for object classification. High navigational accuracy is obtained by combining INS motion estimates with those derived from the DPCA (displaced phase centre antenna), making very high resolution SAS imagery possible. Images with along-track resolution gains of Q=50-100 compared to that of the physical array are obtained in the presence of /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/ sinusoidal yaw.
Actors’ Coalition Network in Supporting Islamic Education (Study on Basic Education in North Aceh District)

The actor’s coalitionnetwork was formed to support the effort of Islamic education through knowledge integration concept at basic education level in North Aceh Regency. It is a subsystem created from the interaction of all actors joined as the Subsystem Team which includes the regent of North Aceh, Office of Education and Culture of North Aceh and Office of Development and Planning (Bappeda) of North Aceh. The research objective is to describe and analyze actors coalition network in support of Aceh's Islamic value-based education policies, and recommend a model by referring to the actions of actors to create sustainable programs.The research employs a case study approach which is explanatory, and the data is analyzed descriptive qualitative to answer the research problem. The team was mandated to design an integration concept of basic education combining Islamic education and general sciences. However, the idea of integration has not been formulated specifically and systematically due to its constraints over some issues both in the context of the policy and practical level, especially, regarding the resource sharing availability issue. Responding to this situation, Dayah Education Office, Scholars Consultative Assembly, North Aceh Representative Council (DPRK), Mass media and other education stakeholders suggest the realisation of the integration concept by presenting a learning model to general education by adopting models and curriculum implemented in Dayah education since Aceh province has special right to implement education system respectfully to the local characteristics and local wisdom in Aceh. The results of this coalition networking was shown through a master plan for the integration of Islamic education and through the establishment of regional regulations both governor regulations or regent regulations where detail policy explanation is available for the implementation of the Islamic education within general schools in North Aceh District.The research concludes that there is no synergy between implementing agencies, the egosectoral, and the involvement of personal interests among the implementing agencies are still the issues. A common interpretation and the meaning of the implementation of Islamic values-based Aceh education policies can be achieved, however, the actors coalition network in supporting Islamic values-based education policies shows the lackness of coordination between the implementing agencies.
The dynamics of HD-ZIP III - ZPR protein interactions play essential roles in embryogenesis, meristem function and organ development

Maintaining a stem cell population while developing lateral organs is a crucial aspect of plant development. Studies have shown that a family of micro proteins, the LITTLE ZIPPERS (ZPR), are involved in this process by repressing the activity of HD-ZIP III transcription factors. However, the unique role of each ZPR has not been thoroughly characterized. In this work, we use genetics, imaging, and biochemistry to create a detailed picture of ZPR family expression and their specific interactions with HD-ZIP IIIs. CRISPR/Cas9 was implemented to isolate single loss-of-function ZPR alleles as well as higher-order mutant combinations. A single mutation in ZPR1, ZPR3, and ZPR4 affects the development of the cotyledons during embryogenesis. Additionally, double mutant analyses indicates both unique roles for each ZPR protein as well as redundancy. Using ZPR tagged lines we show that while ZPR3 and ZPR4 have a similar pattern of accumulation as the HD-ZIP IIIs, ZPR1 and ZPR2 accumulation is more limited. Immuno-precipitations (IP) with tagged ZPR proteins are mainly enriched with the anticipated HD-ZIP III partners. Although ZPRs interact with all HD-ZIP IIIs, an apparent preference of heterodimer formation with REVOLUTA is observed. Our work highlights that the dynamics of ZPR protein accumulation together with the strength of ZPR-HD-ZIP III interactions provide an added layer of complexity to the regulation of HD-ZIP IIIs during plant development.
Quality Control and Assurance of Eddy Covariance Data at the Two KoFlux Sites

This research note introduces the procedure of the quality control and quality assurance applied to the eddy covariance data collected at the two KoFlux sites (i.e., Gwangneung forest and Haenam farmland). The quality control was conducted through several steps based on micrometeorological theories and statistical tests. The data quality was determined at each step of the quality control procedure and was denoted by five different quality flags. The programs, which were used to perform the quality control, and the quality assessed data are available at KoFlux website (http://www.koflux.org/).
A comprehensive bibliography on effectiveness measurement of manufacturing systems

Article history: Received 25 February 2012 Accepted March 23 2012 Available online 24 March 2012 Globalization has put fierce competition for manufacturing managers in terms of flexibility, smaller lead times, competitive costs, etc. To attain these capabilities, manufacturing managers are taking heedless decisions for investing in advanced manufacturing technologies, without measuring their actual effectiveness for their organisations. There is a need to measure the effectiveness of manufacturing systems to make better future policies and investment planning. This paper provides a comprehensive bibliography on the techniques and their rationale in the effectiveness measurement of advanced manufacturing systems. The paper cites 265 articles from a variety of published sources. The list contains published research mainly from 1990 to 2012 and a selected published work prior to 1990. © 2012 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Loading system and control strategy for simulating wind turbine loads

A novel loading control system is proposed to accurately simulate the five-degree-of-freedom loads experienced by a real wind turbine. For this system, the real wind rotor and blades are replaced by an equivalent rotating disc and driven by an electric motor. A set of loading actuators are uniformly placed around this disc and are regulated to accurately create these turbine loads. In this paper, the five-degree-of-freedom turbine loads are defined in blade and hub reference frames. A load-decomposition based loading control strategy is presented to decompose such loads into reference loading forces for each actuator. An axial loading actuator is used for system modeling and analysis. Experimental results have validated that the proposed loading system and control strategy can accurately simulate the representative turbine loads with a good confidence level.
CCT-Net: Category-Invariant Cross-Domain Transfer for Medical Single-to-Multiple Disease Diagnosis

A medical imaging model is usually explored for the diagnosis of a single disease. However, with the expanding demand for multi-disease diagnosis in clinical applications, multi-function solutions need to be investigated. Previous works proposed to either exploit different disease labels to conduct transfer learning through fine-tuning, or transfer knowledge across different domains with similar diseases. However, these methods still cannot address the real clinical challenge - a multi-disease model is required but annotations for each disease are not always available. In this paper, we introduce the task of transferring knowledge from single-disease diagnosis (source domain) to enhance multi-disease diagnosis (target domain). A category-invariant cross-domain transfer (CCT) method is proposed to address this single-to-multiple extension. First, for domain-specific task learning, we present a confidence weighted pooling (CWP) to obtain coarse heatmaps for different disease categories. Then, conditioned on these heatmaps, category-invariant feature refinement (CIFR) blocks are proposed to better localize discriminative semantic regions related to the corresponding diseases. The category-invariant characteristic enables transferability from the source domain to the target domain. We validate our method in two popular areas: extending diabetic retinopathy to identifying multiple ocular diseases, and extending glioma identification to the diagnosis of other brain tumors.