Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A method of moments formulation for bodies of translation

A method of moments (MM) formulation is presented to calculate the radiation and scattering from finite bodies of translation (BOT) of arbitrary cross section. The formulation parallels in part the MM theory for bodies of revolution (BOR) and retains the modal expansion concept used in the latter. Computer implementable expressions are obtained that relax to the classic results for infinite cylinders considered before.
Interface structure of ultrathin oxide prepared by N/sub 2/O oxidation

With X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, we found in the N/sub 2/O-grown oxide that the nitrogen incorporation should involve the NO or N reaction with the Si-Si bond and P/sub b/ centers at the interface. Consequently, nitrogen content is very low and accumulated mainly at the interface. In addition, we found that the nitrogen atoms at the interface exist in the form of Si-N bonding and the interface oxynitride layer is a mixture of SiO/sub 2/ and Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ clusters. This structure will result in several undesirable effects. It will give rise to the permittivity and bandgap fluctuations at the interface and hence induced gigantic surface potential fluctuation and mobility degradation in the channel of MOS devices. This bonding structure also explains the interface trap generation during the electrical stressing. The sources of trap generation are attributed to the Si-Si bonds, P/sub b/ centers, and nitride-related defects due to the over-constrained silicon atoms in the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ clusters at the interface.
Subtle statistical behavior in simple models for random advection-diffusion

Simple models for advection-diffusion with a statisti- cal velocity field are studied here. These models involve advection by a time-independent random shear flow together with a constant mean flow. Several new and surprisingly subtle phenomena are developed here for the statistical behavior in these models. These new phenomena in- clude: 1) mathematical criteria and examples with ill-posed evolution equations for the second order correlations and the mean statistics; 2) explicit sensitive dependence of the large scale, long time renormal- ization theory on parameters of the problem, such as the mean flow, the infrared cut-off, and the molecular diffusivity, for both the second order correlations and the mean statistics. This surprising sensitive de- pendence is explained in a self-consistent fashion both through mathe- matical theory and explicit examples.
Urgent assessment needed to evaluate potential impacts on cetaceans from deep seabed mining

Deep seabed mining operations, if permitted, could present significant risks to ocean ecosystems. Disturbance on any scale is likely to be long lasting and irreversible. Scant research to date has examined the impact that deep sea minerals extraction would have on cetaceans. The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is of particular interest to mining companies aiming to exploit polymetallic nodules. The CCZ, with an average depth of 5,500 m and an area of approximately 11,650,000 km2, is a habitat for cetaceans including baleen (mysticetes) and toothed whales (odontocetes). Of particular concern is anthropogenic noise. If permitted, commercial-scale mining is expected to operate 24-hours a day, at varying depths. The sounds produced from mining operations, including from remotely operated vehicles on the seafloor, overlap with the frequencies at which cetaceans communicate, which can cause auditory masking and behavior change in marine mammals. Cetaceans are already facing numerous stressors, including climate change, and many species are still recovering from centuries of exploitation. We argue the need for urgent research to assess more fully the potential impact of deep seabed mining on cetaceans.
Pressure effects on the development of an electric discharge in non-uniform fields

Discharges at several atmospheres are widely used for triggering combustion in cars. However, their properties are not well understood since the size and duration of the discharges become very small at high pressures, which makes the experimental approach more difficult. One possibility should be to infer the discharge properties at high pressures from those at atmospheric pressure, provided that the so-called discharge similarity rules work correctly. Thus, an attempt to check this validity is provided in this paper. Then, after establishing the exact conditions which preserve pressure similarity rules in non-uniform gaps, an example is given of two discharges under similar conditions. A departure from similarity is quite clearly observed. At several atmospheres, the streamer induced plasma channel, instead of developing the usual streamer filaments seen at atmospheric pressure, demonstrates a leader structure, i.e. the formation of a hot channel before the whole gap is bridged. Finally, reasons are given explaining that such a fast rise in temperature with pressure is indeed to be expected.
Practical OEICs based on the monolithic integration of GaAs-InGaP LEDs with commercial GaAs VLSI electronics

Recent advances in the epitaxy-on-electronics (EoE) integration process, which combines commercial GaAs VLSI electronics with conventional epitaxial growth and fabrication to produce complex, monolithic optoelectronic integrated circuits (OEICs), have resulted in improved integrated light-emitting diodes (LEDs), eliminated any impact on the preexisting electronics, and increased the robustness of the integration process. An EoE-integrated OEIC combining a photodetector, electronics, and LED is presented which demonstrates the capability of this technology to now satisfy practical optoelectronic systems requirements.
Design and performance of a passive video-rate THz system demonstrator

In this paper we given an overview of the design and predicted performance of a passive video-rate THz camera intended for stand-off and walk-by concealed weapons and explosives detection. The system is based on previously reported work, and it utilizes a linear array of superconducting antenna-coupled microbolometers. Our present efforts have focussed on improving the performance, stability, set-up time and cost of production of the camera. The system is designed to acquire near video frame rate (~10 Hz) passive THz imagery of objects at ~5 meters from the system, with a field-of-view of 2 m x 1 m and a spatial resolution of 1 cm. The system will be readily integrated to other security systems as it provides encrypted stream of THz imagery over conventional LAN interface that also allows for remote operation.
Electric field control of magnetic anisotropy and domail wall motion

Modern magnetic devices generally employ either magnetic fields or electric currents to change the magnetisation direction. A novel third method of magnetisation manipulation was discovered recently: experiments have shown that electric fields can affect magnetic properties in thin film systems. This provides new technological possibilities, and could lead to ultra-low power magnetic devices. The application of electric fields was found to significantly modify the domain wall creep velocity in thin magnetic films; a phenomenon previously unreported in the literature. This velocity modification was linked to an anisotropy modification using creep theory. The magnetic anisotropy was found to vary linearly as a function of the applied voltage, at −1.9 % per applied V/nm for a Pt/Co(1 nm)/Al2O3(3.8 nm)/Pt junction. This corresponds to an electric field induced anisotropy modification of −14± 2 fJV−1m−1, comparable to similar data reported in the literature. Based on the leakage current magnitude and symmetry arguments, heating and magnetic field-like effects were excluded as the origin of the observed effect, which was therefore attributed unambiguously to the electric field. A ligand field model of interfacial anisotropy in thin films was extended to include electric field effects. This model produced an estimated order of magnitude of such effects that agrees with both the experimental findins and more advanced calculations in the literature. The electric field effect was found to be larger in a Pt/Co68B32(0.8 nm)/Ta2O5(7 nm)/Pt junction, which allowed for control of the domain wall velocity over an order of magnitude. Comparison to anisotropy modification values reported in the literature suggests that voltage control of the domain wall velocity should be possible over many orders of magnitude. This creates exciting new prospects for spintronics applications.
The Electron Charging Effects of Plasma on Notch Profile Defects

The notch occurrence factor in polysilicon etching was investigated using a newly designed test mask pattern. This pattern varied the space width, the line width of the line-and-space structure, and the pad perimeter which connected the line-and-space structure. By using this test pattern, it was found that the notch depth increases as the “perimeter ratio”, (i.e. the ratio of the pad perimeter to the notch line perimeter), increases. Moreover, when the perimeter ratio was very small, the notch depth was quite small. Therefore, it is considered that the notch is caused by electron supply from the periphery of the pad which collects the electrons from plasma. As a result of this electron conduction, in the case of the non-connected lines, the notch occurs only outside the line of the line-and-space structure, and in the case of the connected lines, the notch occurs at all of the connected lines. The notch depth difference between the non-connected lines and connected lines is explained by the difference in perimeter ratio.
Rail and armature current distributions in electromagnetic launchers

The current and magnetic field distributions in the rails and armature of an electromagnetic launcher are obtained in closed form for the steady state. These solutions assume that the armature moves with a steady velocity and account fully for the two-dimensional skin effect caused by the relative motion between the rails and the armature. Both solid and laminated armatures are considered. It is found in the case of the laminated armature that the phenomenon can be described by a single dimensionless parameter, \frac{\ell}{w}\frac{\sigma_{o}}{\sigma_{r}}\sqrt{\frac{u\ell}{\pi\eta_{r}}} .
DRAG REDUCTION IN NATURE

Recent studies on the drag-reducing shapes, structures, and behaviors of swimming and flying animals are reviewed, with an emphasis on potential analogs in vehicle design. Consideration is given to form drag reduction (turbulent flow, vortex generation, mass transfer, and adaptations for body-intersection regions), skin-friction drag reduction (polymers, surfactants, and bubbles as surface 'additives'), reduction of the drag due to lift, drag-reduction studies on porpoises, and drag-reducing animal behavior (e.g., leaping out of the water by porpoises). The need for further research is stressed.
Optical and Infrared Polarization of Active Extragalactic Objects

In bringing together the material for this review our attention was drawn repeatedly to the remarkably similar characteristics of virtually all strongly polarized extragalactic objects, which are found as the nuclei of giant elliptical galaxies or as quasi-stellar sources. These are violent variability, a compact, flat-spectrum radio source, and a very smooth continuum extending at least to 10/l. These properties are common to the polarized sources in BL Lac objects over a wide range of luminosity and to some QSOs and radio galaxies. In view of the similarities, which suggest a common process of energy release close to the central core of these objects, we will treat them all as a single group. In a memorable banquet speech at the Pittsburgh meeting on BL Lac objects (the only words spoken not faithfully reported in the proceedings) Ed Spiegel suggested the name "blazar" for this class of object. A combination ofBL Lac object and quasar, with a strong feeling of the characteristic violent optical flaring, blazar seems an excellent name, one which we will adopt throughout the review. As we shall discuss in Sections V and VI, blazars may not be a different type of object from most quasars or active elliptical galaxies. These normal objects may have jets whose emission is beamed by relativistic bulk motion, and show blazar characteristics only when pointed at us. In reviewing the observational data we will be especially conscious of properties that could help distinguish an isotropic source from a beamed one. The blazars form only a small portion of active extragalactic objects. Optical emission from most QSOs and Seyfert nuclei shows only very small
An empirical model to estimate ultraviolet erythemal transmissivity

Abstract. An empirical model to estimate the solar ultraviolet erythemal irradiance (UVER) for all-weather conditions is presented. This model proposes a power expression with the UV transmissivity as a dependent variable, and the slant ozone column and the clearness index as independent variables. The UVER were measured at three stations in South-Western Spain during a five year period (2001–2005). A dataset corresponding to the period 2001–2004 was used to develop the model and an independent dataset (year 2005) for validation purposes. For all three locations, the empirical model explains more than 95% of UV transmissivity variability due to changes in the two independent variables. In addition, the coefficients of the models show that when the slant ozone amount decreases 1%, UV transmissivity and, therefore, UVER values increase approximately 1.33%–1.35%. The coefficients also show that when the clearness index decreases 1%, UV transmissivity increase 0.75%–0.78%. The validation of the model provided satisfactory results, with low mean absolute bias error (MABE), about 7%–8% for all stations. Finally, a one-day ahead forecast of the UV Index for cloud-free cases is presented, assuming the persistence in the total ozone column. The percentage of days with differences between forecast and experimental UVI lower than ±0.5 unit and ±1 unit is within the range of 28% to 37%, and 60% to 75%, respectively. Therefore, the empirical model proposed in this work provides reliable forecast cloud-free UVI in order to inform the public about the possible harmful effects of UV radiation over-exposure.
Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in an Adolescent with Mixed-Dissociative Disorder: A Case Study

Dissociation is a psychopathological condition with a range of alterations or changes in the normally integrated mental functions such as identity, consciousness, or memory and can manifest in various types such as depersonalization, trance states, derealisation, dissociative amnesia, and dissociative identity disorder (Waller et al., 1996). From an etiological perspective, past experience of trauma plays a major role as a precipitating factor in dissociation, wherein dissociation is conceptualized as a reaction to trauma as a way to distance oneself from the traumatic situation and events related to it (Lanius et al., 2015). Initially understood as a coping mechanism, the persistent manifestation of dissociation hinders the overall psychological functioning and interferes with the daily activities of the individual. Therefore, the focus of the various treatment modalities of dissociative disorders is mostly focused on enhancing the coping skills of the patient. The current case study demonstrates the manifestation of dissociation in a 16 years old adolescent with a history of trauma. Furthermore, it documents the efficacy of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Statistical Manual of Mental (Cohen et al., 2017).
Validation of eight atmospheric reanalyses in the Antarctic Peninsula region

Eight atmospheric reanalyses were compared against observed vertical profiles of temperature, specific humidity and wind speed collected by two research aircraft in February–March 2010 in the Antarctic Peninsula region. These data offered a rare possibility to validate reanalyses against independent in situ data which have not been assimilated into the reanalyses. The reanalyses had generally too moist profiles with too low wind speeds, but otherwise the errors in the reanalyses had large spatial differences. On the eastern side of the peninsula, the near‐surface temperatures were largely overestimated. None of the reanalyses outperformed the others in all variables, at all altitudes and on both sides of the peninsula. Generally, NCEP‐CFSR and MERRA had the smallest errors in temperature profiles, JRA‐55 had marginally the most accurate specific humidity profiles and NCEP‐CFSR had the best wind profiles. The reanalyses were coherent, although biased, on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula, but on the eastern side the spread was large. All the reanalyses underestimated the variability between the individual profiles of temperature and wind speed. The modern reanalyses with a sufficient spatial resolution and an adequate data assimilation method outperformed the others, especially on the eastern side.
Bosons with multifractal energy spectrum: specific heat log periodicity and Bose–Einstein condensation

The thermodynamics for systems of non-interacting bosons with multifractal energy spectrum is considered. The critical attractors of one-dimensional generalized logistic and circular maps are used to generate multifractal bounded spectra with well defined scaling exponents. The specific heat is then calculated for both cases of conserved and non-conserved particle number, showing a power-law behaviour which is modulated by log-periodic oscillations when the energy spectrum is not dense. The occurrence of Bose–Einstein condensation for systems with conserved particle number, at which the specific heat is discontinuous, is also analyzed.
Modulating T Cell Responses by Targeting CD3

Simple Summary CD3 complex provides the first signal sensed by the TCR of the lymphocyte to trigger its activation. Thus, it becomes a very attractive receptor to determine the fate of the immune response in different contexts from tolerance induction to immune activation. We discuss CD3-TCR complex assembly and the current and emerging approaches to harvest CD3 activity for immunotherapy. Abstract Harnessing the immune system to fight cancer has become a reality with the clinical success of immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies against PD(L)-1 and CTLA-4. However, not all cancer patients respond to ICB. Thus, there is a need to modulate the immune system through alternative strategies for improving clinical responses to ICB. The CD3-T cell receptor (TCR) is the canonical receptor complex on T cells. It provides the “first signal” that initiates T cell activation and determines the specificity of the immune response. The TCR confers the binding specificity whilst the CD3 subunits facilitate signal transduction necessary for T cell activation. While the mechanisms through which antigen sensing and signal transduction occur in the CD3–TCR complex are still under debate, recent revelations regarding the intricate 3D structure of the CD3–TCR complex might open the possibility of modulating its activity by designing targeted drugs and tools, including aptamers. In this review, we summarize the basis of CD3–TCR complex assembly and survey the clinical and preclinical therapeutic tools available to modulate CD3–TCR function for potentiating cancer immunotherapy.
Left Distributive Quasigroups and Gyrogroups

The connection between gyrogroups and some types of left distributive quasigroups is established by means of isotopy considerations. Any quasigroup of reflection is isotopic to some gyrocommutative gyrogroup and any left distributive quasigroup satisfying some specific condition is isotopic to some nongyrocommutative gyrogroup. The geometry of reductive homogeneous spaces and the semidirect product for homogeneous loops are used to produce local exact decompositions of groups and local gyrocommutative gyrogroups.
Display systems and registration methods for mixed reality applications

Mixed reality technologies have been studied for many years, which now can be applied in many aspects of our daily life. Generally, appropriate display devices and registration methods are the key factors for the successful application of the mixed reality system. In the past decade, various types of display systems have been developed at Beijing Institute of Technology, and many of them have been successfully employed in different mixed reality applications. In this paper, we give a brief introduction to the various display systems and their corresponding tracking approach developed and realized at Beijing Institute of Technology for mixed reality applications. These technologies include an interactive projection system based on motion detection, a fixed-position viewing system, an ultra-light wide-angle head-mounted display system and a volumetric 3D display system.
A Review: Various Wavelet Based Image Compression Techniques

Image compression is one of the most visible applications of wavelets. A Wavelet is a finite energy signal defined over specific interval of time. Wavelets can be combined, using a "reverse, shift, multiply and sum" technique called convolution. Wavelets often give a better signal representation using Multiresolution analysis, with balanced resolu- tion at any time and frequency. Wavelets are localized in both time and frequency whereas the standard Fourier transform is only localized in frequency. Here in this paper we examined and compared various wavelet based techniques such as continuous wavelet Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Wavelet Packets and Fast Wavelet transform. Wavelet packet method is a generalization of wavelet decomposition that offers a richer signal analysis. The Discrete Wavelet Transform analyzes the signal at different frequency bands with different resolutions by decomposing the signal into an approximation and detail information. Image coded by DWT do not have the problem of blocking artifacts which the DCT approach may suffer.Mallet Algorithm based fast wavelet analysis makes the use of extension of a given finite-length signal and removes the border effects due to convolution.
Detecting Differential Item Functioning of Polytomous Items for an Ideal Point Response Process

There has been growing use of ideal point models to develop scales measuring important psychological constructs. For meaningful comparisons across groups, it is important to identify items on such scales that exhibit differential item functioning (DIF). In this study, the authors examined several methods for assessing DIF on polytomous items generated by an ideal point process. Two paradigms (i.e., null hypothesis significance testing [NHST] and effect size quantification) were utilized, and three test statistics (i.e., the log-likelihood ratio [LR], the Akaike information criterion [AIC], and Lord’s chi-square) and two approaches to DIF testing (i.e., the constrained and free baseline methods) were evaluated. In addition, the authors investigated three levels of impact. The results revealed that DIF effect sizes were moderately large for the . 50 uniform DIF conditions and small for nonuniform DIF; moreover, the LR test in general yielded the best results. When there was small to moderate impact, the free baseline approach combined with an item linking implementation produced the most satisfactory results.