Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress disorder in Belgian police officers: prevalence and the effects of exposure to traumatic events

ABSTRACT Background: Police officers are at considerable risk of developing posttraumatic symptoms because they frequently encounter violent or emotionally disturbing incidents. We investigate experiences with potentially traumatic events (PTE), traumatic exposure, and the prevalence of probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex PTSD and subclinical PTSD in a sample of Belgian police officers. Methods: In total, 1,465 police officers from 15 Belgian Local Police zones participated in a web-based survey, consisting of three segments: evaluating experiences with a list of 29 PTE, assessing if any of these PTE accounted for traumatic exposure, and evaluating 1-month probable PTSD, complex PTSD and subclinical PTSD prevalence using the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ). Results: Police officers frequently experience a wide range of PTE. A large majority of 93.0% reports traumatic exposure. Assessment with ITQ shows a 1-month prevalence of 5.87% for probable PTSD and 1.50% for probable complex PTSD, while an additional 7.58% report subclinical PTSD. No demographic variables influenced PTSD prevalence. Cumulative PTE experiences in itself did not predict PTSD, while the characteristics of certain PTE did entail a higher prevalence of probable PTSD and subclinical PTSD. Discussion: This study is the first to evaluate experiences with PTE, traumatic exposure and 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD, complex PTSD, and subclinical PTSD in Belgian police officers. Police officers are frequently confronted with a broad variety of PTE, and a large majority reports traumatic exposure. The 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD is significantly higher compared to previous international research in the general population, but lower than in similar international research involving police officers. In this study, cumulative PTE experiences in itself did not reliably predict PTSD, while the characteristics of certain PTE did. Posttraumatic symptoms are an important mental health challenge in Belgian police. HIGHLIGHTS This study is the first to evaluate experiences with PTE, traumatic exposure and 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD, complex PTSD, and subclinical PTSD in Belgian police officers. Results show that police officers are frequently confronted with a broad variety of PTE, and a large majority reports traumatic exposure. The 1-month prevalence of probable PTSD is significantly higher compared to previous international research in the general population, but lower than in similar international research involving police officers. In this study, cumulative PTE experiences in itself did not reliably predict PTSD, while the characteristics of certain PTE did. Posttraumatic symptoms are an important mental health challenge in Belgian police.
Embedding Regression: Models for Context-Specific Description and Inference

Social scientists commonly seek to make statements about how word use varies over circumstances—including time, partisan identity, or some other document-level covariate. For example, researchers might wish to know how Republicans and Democrats diverge in their understanding of the term “immigration. ” Building on the success of pretrained language models, we introduce the à la carte on text (conText) embedding regression model for this purpose. This fast and simple method produces valid vector representations of how words are used—and thus what words “mean”—in different contexts. We show that it outperforms slower, more complicated alternatives and works well even with very few documents. The model also allows for hypothesis testing and statements about statistical significance. We demonstrate that it can be used for a broad range of important tasks, including understanding US polarization, historical legislative development, and sentiment detection. We provide open-source software for fitting the model.
The Life Cycles of Some Nonlinear Baroclinic Waves

Abstract Some aspects of the nonlinear behavior of mid-latitude baroclinic waves are investigated by means of a series of integrations of the primitive equations with spherical geometry. Each integration has as initial conditions a balanced zonal flow perturbed by a small-amplitude disturbance of normal-mode form. Results are presented in detail for several zonal flows and perturbations which are confined initially to either zonal wavenumber 6 or zonal wavenumber 9. In each case a disturbance grows by baroclinic instability and develops a structure in some agreement with the usual synoptic picture of an occluding system. Its growth rate at low levels decreases more rapidly than that at higher levels, as found by Gall using a more severely truncated model, and upper-level amplitudes become larger relative to surface values than in the initial linear mode. This is more marked for wavenumber 6 than for wavenumber 9, and differences in linear structure are thus enhanced in the nonlinear regime. Barotropic pro.
Reversible phase‐change optical data storage in InSbTe alloy films

Some characteristics of reversible phase‐change optical data storage based on an amorphous‐crystalline transformation in InSbTe alloys are given. The reversible phase change was observed in a wide region of composition. The laser amorphized spot of a ternary compound In3SbTe2 film could be crystallized using a diode laser pulse of less than 100 ns with an incident laser power of more than 10 mW. The crystallization temperature of the amorphized spot was 280 °C and the activation energy was about 1.8 eV which shows that long‐term data retention at room temperature is possible. The repetition number of static write and erase using the pulse of 50 ns reached above 105. These data show that the ternary compound film has potential for reversible optical data storage media with high‐speed erasing and long‐term data retention.
Nanowire polarizers by guided self-assembly of block copolymers

Abstract. Wire-grid polarizers (WGPs) are currently limited by their wafer-scale manufacturing methods to sizes of approximately 12 to 18 in. For large-size displays, a new method for the production of large-area WGPs is required. Large-area WGPs were simulated using the finite-difference-time-domain method, and a scaleable method for their production based on a block copolymer (BCP)-nanostructured template was implemented. The nanostructured template is globally aligned through the use of a cylinder-forming liquid crystal (LC) diblock copolymer, which is first aligned on a rubbed polyimide substrate. A surface-relief template is produced using the differential dry etch rates of the cylinder-forming component and LC polymer matrix component of the BCP. The template is metalized to produce a WGP. Polarizers of arbitrary size with polarization efficiency up to 0.6 have been made in close agreement with calculated values for idealized structures. The choice of the cylinder-forming polymer is critical to the degree of alignment of the template, and the thermal stability of the LC polymer matrix is critical to the stability of the template during etching.
The impact of residential greenness on psychological distress among Hurricane Katrina survivors

Residential greenness may support mental health among disaster-affected populations; however, changes in residential greenness may disrupt survivors’ sense of place. We obtained one pre- and three post-disaster psychological distress scores (Kessler [K]-6) from a cohort (n = 229) of low-income mothers who survived Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Greenness was assessed using average growing season Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) in the 300 m around participants’ homes at each time point. We used multivariable logistic regressions to evaluate two hypotheses: 1) that cross-sectional greenness (above vs. below median) was associated with reduced psychological distress (K6≥5); and 2) that changes in residential greenness were associated with adverse mental health. When using EVI, we found that a change in level of greenness (i.e., from high to low [high-low], or from low to high [low-high] greenness, comparing pre- and post-Katrina neighborhoods) was associated with increased odds of distress at the first post-storm survey, compared to moving between or staying within low greenness neighborhoods (low-high odds ratio [OR] = 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.40, 8.62 and high-low OR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.05, 6.42). Results for NDVI were not statistically significant. More research is needed to characterize how residential greenness may impact the health of disaster survivors, and how these associations may change over time.
Dynamic Changes in the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites during the Growth of Hainan Wenchang Chickens

Simple Summary From birth to adulthood, the large number of microbes that in-habit the gut play an important role in many aspects of the host’s normal physiological activities. Research on the development of gut microbiota and its metabolites in local chickens remains unclear. In this study, the cecal microbiota and metabolites in different developmental stages of Hainan Wenchang chickens (a native breed of Bantam) were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. With the increase of age, the gut microbiota tended to be more stable. Gut microbiota and their metabolites may have structural and functional changes in response to nutrient metabolism and immune requirements in different physiological states. The bacteria that form networks with their significant related metabolites were different in different developmental stages. These findings could potentially provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of developmental changes of local chicken breed, as well as resources for microbial and metabolic biomarkers identification to improve the growth efficiency. Abstract Gut microbiota and their metabolites play important roles in animal growth by influencing the host’s intake, storage, absorption, and utilization of nutrients. In addition to environmental factors, mainly diet, chicken breed and growth stage also affect changes in the gut microbiota. However, little research has been conducted on the development of gut microbiota and its metabolites in local chickens. In this study, the cecal microbiota and metabolites in different developmental stages of Hainan Wenchang chickens (a native breed of Bantam) were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. With aging, the structure of gut microbiota tended to be more stable. The relative proportions of dominant bacteria phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria showed stage changes with the development. With aging, gut microbiota and their metabolites may have structural and functional changes in response to nutrient metabolism and immune requirements in different physiological states. Several microbial and metabolic biomarkers with statistical differences were detected in different development stages. The bacteria that form networks with their significant related metabolites were different in various growth stages, including uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Faecalibacterium, uncultured_bacterium_o_Bacteroidales, and uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae. Partially differential bacteria were significantly correlated with short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid. These findings may provide new insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms of developmental changes of local chicken breeds, as well as resources for microbial and metabolic biomarker identification to improve growth efficiency.
Engineering clusters for table-top acceleration of ions

Upon irradiation by ultrashort, intense laser light, inert gas clusters show an uncanny ability to absorb nearly all the incident optical energy, and to subsequently disburse this energy by producing very energetic ions and electrons. Practical realization of a table-top accelerator requires such a laser-cluster “ion source” to demonstrate sufficiency in terms of brightness, ion yield, and charge state. We show that by “engineering” the constituents of the cluster, using low ionization energy dopants, it is possible to significantly enhance the high-energy ion yield and ion charge states.
Minimizing photobleaching in fluorescence microscopy by depleting triplet states

A technique for minimizing photobleaching in fluorescence microscopy is proposed. One of the prominent reason for photobleaching is the involvement of metastable triplet states during the excitation-emission process. Photobleaching minimization is achieved by depleting triplet states (T1→S0) employing a depletion pulse just after the excitation pulse thereby resulting in highly populated singlet ground state S0. Thus, the next excitation pulse can cause rapid population inversion (S0→S1) due to the availability of electrons in the ground state. This increases the fraction of population that is undergoing fluorescence (S1→S0), whereas the depletion pulse continuously depletes the triplet states. An interesting phase transition from occupied to unoccupied triplet state is observed. The excitation-depletion cycle is continued throughout the imaging process. The performance of such a system is examined through theoretical calculation and computational study of population dynamics. Substantial reduction in pho.
Lithium in globular clusters

Abstract I review recent progress in mapping out and understanding the behaviour of stellar surface abundances of lithium as evidenced by spectroscopic studies of nearby globular clusters (GCs). It will become clear that these observations necessitate revisions to the canonical picture of stellar and globular-cluster evolution: stars evolve with additional non-convective mixing processes and GCs are not simple stellar populations. In spite of these complications, GCs are excellent test beds for chemical-abundance studies. Spectroscopic observations of GC stars of different evolutionary stages reveal systematic trends of surface abundances likely caused by atomic diffusion and mixing. Correcting for their combined effect on surface lithium, a stellar solution to the cosmological lithium discrepancy is likely, if not probable. However, a definitive answer can only be given once we know the effective temperatures of warm subdwarfs and subgiants to high accuracy and understand the processes which give rise to the mixing needed to moderate atomic diffusion.
Optics in the relativistic regime

The advent of ultraintense laser pulses generated by the technique of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) along with the development of high-fluence laser materials has opened up an entirely new field of optics. The electromagnetic field intensities produced by these techniques, in excess of ${10}^{18}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, lead to relativistic electron motion in the laser field. The CPA method is reviewed and the future growth of laser technique is discussed, including the prospect of generating the ultimate power of a zettawatt. A number of consequences of relativistic-strength optical fields are surveyed. In contrast to the nonrelativistic regime, these laser fields are capable of moving matter more effectively, including motion in the direction of laser propagation. One of the consequences of this is wakefield generation, a relativistic version of optical rectification, in which longitudinal field effects could be as large as the transverse ones. In addition to this, other effects may occur, including relativistic focusing, relativistic transparency, nonlinear modulation and multiple harmonic generation, and strong coupling to matter and other fields (such as high-frequency radiation). A proper utilization of these phenomena and effects leads to the new technology of relativistic engineering, in which light-matter interactions in the relativistic regime drives the development of laser-driven accelerator science. A number of significant applications are reviewed, including the fast ignition of an inertially confined fusion target by short-pulsed laser energy and potential sources of energetic particles (electrons, protons, other ions, positrons, pions, etc.). The coupling of an intense laser field to matter also has implications for the study of the highest energies in astrophysics, such as ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, with energies in excess of ${10}^{20}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The laser fields can be so intense as to make the accelerating field large enough for general relativistic effects (via the equivalence principle) to be examined in the laboratory. It will also enable one to access the nonlinear regime of quantum electrodynamics, where the effects of radiative damping are no longer negligible. Furthermore, when the fields are close to the Schwinger value, the vacuum can behave like a nonlinear medium in much the same way as ordinary dielectric matter expanded to laser radiation in the early days of laser research.
Group-based product scheme-screening decision method based on fuzzy AHP and evidential reasoning theory

Selecting the favourable product scheme is the first step to successful new product development (NPD). There are usually large numbers of uncertainties in product scheme evaluation and screening process of NPD due to lack of or incomplete reliable information. Considering fully the uncertainties and then conducting correct reasoning could guarantee reliability and rationality of scheme-screening results. As an extension of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), fuzzy AHP inherits multi-merits of the AHP approach and is capable of dealing with fuzzy information effectively, but it still has two weaknesses. One is the well-known ranking reversal problem. Although several researchers have analysed the reasons, we think the root cause for ranking reversal problem is due to the fact that AHP treats weights of attribute criteria and performance scores of alternatives in the same way. Therefore, we intend to deal with attribute weights and performance scores of alternatives separately and introduce evidential reasoning (ER) theory, which is good at uncertain reasoning, into fuzzy AHP to calculate the performance scores of alternatives. On the other hand, in view of the difficulty in resolution for fuzzy weights from fuzzy comparison matrix, a linear goal-programming model is proposed to calculate fuzzy weights, whose objective is to minimise the inconsistency degree of comparison matrix. By combining fuzzy AHP with ER, a group-based hybrid decision model FAHP-ER is developed. The hybrid model not only gets a great improvement in the capability of dealing with uncertainty, but also reflects the most real decision scenario and thinking process of the decision maker. Finally, a case study for schemes screening of the rotor and bearing system in the turbine generator is presented to demonstrate the application of the hybrid decision method.
GIP reduces osteoclast activity and improves osteoblast survival in primary human bone cells.

OBJECTIVE Drugs targeting the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor (GIPR) are emerging as treatments for type-2 diabetes and obesity. GIP acutely decreases serum markers of bone resorption and transiently increases bone formation markers in short-term clinical investigations. However, it is unknown whether GIP acts directly on bone cells to mediate these effects. Using a GIPR-specific antagonist, we aimed to assess whether GIP acts directly on primary human osteoclasts and osteoblasts. METHODS Osteoclasts were differentiated from human CD14+ monocytes and osteoblasts from human bone. GIPR expression was determined using RNA-seq in primary human osteoclasts and in situ hybridization in human femoral bone. Osteoclastic resorptive activity was assessed using microscopy. GIPR signaling pathways in osteoclasts and osteoblasts were assessed using LANCE cAMP and AlphaLISA phosphorylation assays, intracellular calcium imaging and confocal microscopy. The bioenergetic profile of osteoclasts was evaluated using Seahorse XF-96. RESULTS GIPR is robustly expressed in mature human osteoclasts. GIP inhibits osteoclastogenesis, delays bone resorption, and increases osteoclast apoptosis by acting upon multiple signaling pathways (Src, cAMP, Akt, p38, Akt, NFκB) to impair nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells-1 (NFATc1) and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB). Osteoblasts also expressed GIPR, and GIP improved osteoblast survival. Decreased bone resorption and improved osteoblast survival were also observed after GIP treatment of osteoclast-osteoblast co-cultures. Antagonizing GIPR with GIP(3-30)NH2 abolished the effects of GIP on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS GIP inhibits bone resorption and improves survival of human osteoblasts, indicating that drugs targeting GIPR may impair bone resorption, whilst preserving bone formation.
Skewness, long-time memory, and non-stationarity: Application to leverage effect in financial time series

We analyze daily log-returns data for a set of 1200 stocks, taken from US stock markets, over a period of 2481 trading days (January 1996–November 2005). We estimate the degree of non-stationarity in daily market volatility employing a polynomial fit, used as a detrending function. We find that the autocorrelation function of absolute detrended log-returns departs strongly from the corresponding original data autocorrelation function, while the observed leverage effect depends only weakly on trends. Such effect is shown to occur when both skewness and long-time memory are simultaneously present. A fractional derivative random walk model is discussed yielding a quantitative agreement with the empirical results.
Privacy-Protecting Attribute-Based Conjunctive Keyword Search Scheme in Cloud Storage

Cloud storage has been deployed in various real-world applications. But how to enable Internet users to search over encrypted data and to enable data owners to perform fine-grained search authorization are of huge challenge. Attribute-based keyword search (ABKS) is a well-studied solution to the challenge, but there are some drawbacks that prevent its practical adoption in cloud storage context. First, the access policy in the index and the attribute set in the trapdoor are both in plaintext, they are likely to reveal the privacy of data owners and users. Second, the current ABKS schemes cannot provide multi-keyword search under the premise of ensuring security and efficiency. We explore an efficient way to connect the inner product encryption with the access control mechanism and search process in ABKS, and propose a privacy-protecting attribute-based conjunctive keyword search scheme. The proposed scheme provides conjunctive keyword search and ensures that the access policy and attribute set are both fully hidden. Formal security models are defined and the scheme is proved IND-CKA, IND-OKGA, access policy hiding and attribute set hiding. Finally, empirical simulations are carried out on real-world dataset, and the results demonstrate that our design outperforms other existing schemes in security and efficiency.