Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of laparoscopic hysterectomy in cervical and endometrial cancer: a narrative review

Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common carcinoma of the female genital organs and cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with endometrial and cervical cancer in this period, and analyze the outcome of hysterectomy in terms of survival. Moreover, we present the historical background, new techniques, the anatomical features, and surgical steps of radical hysterectomy. According to new evidence, minimally invasive surgery in patients with cervical cancer is associated with higher rates of recurrence and mortality compared to the open approach. Despite the numerous explanations offered for this phenomenon, the reasons for these results are unclear. Additional large trials have been launched to reevaluate the above-mentioned data. On contrary, the laparoscopic approach provides surgical outcomes and similar survival rates as open surgery in patients with early endometrial carcinoma. Furthermore, the radicality of hysterectomy does not influence local recurrence rates or overall survival in cases with complete surgical removal of the tumor. A laparoscopic radical hysterectomy is no longer an option in patients with cervical cancer. When minimally invasive surgery is offered, the patients must be counseled in detail about the current debate.
Adaptive Interaction Control of Compliant Robots Using Impedance Learning

This paper presents an impedance learning-based adaptive control strategy for series elastic actuator (SEA)-driven compliant robots without the measurement of the robot–environment interaction force. The adaptive controller is designed based on the command filter-based adaptive backstepping approach, where a command filter is used to decrease computational complexity and avoid the requirement of high derivatives of the robot position. In the controller, environmental impedance profiles and robotic parameter uncertainties are estimated using adaptive learning laws. Through a Lyapunov-based theoretical analysis, the tracking error and estimation errors are proven to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. The control effectiveness is illustrated through simulations on a compliant robot arm.
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films as transparent conductive electrode for organic light-emitting devices

Highly transparent conductive, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films were deposited on glass substrates by midfrequency magnetron sputtering of metallic aluminum-doped zinc target. ZnO:Al films with surface work functions between 3.7 and 4.4 eV were obtained by varying the sputtering conditions. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated on these ZnO:Al films. A current efficiency of higher than 3.7 cd/A, was achieved. For comparison, 3.9 cd/A was achieved by the reference OLEDs fabricated on commercial indium–tin–oxide substrates.
Detection of auroral hydrogen Lyman-alpha emission from Uranus

A series of observations of Uranus obtained with the short-wavelength spectrographs of the International Ultraviolet Explorer Observatory in 1982 April and June have revealed unexpectedly strong H Ly.cap alpha. emission which varied between 430 and 850 Rayleighs in observed disk-averaged brightness over the course of these observations. The variability of the emission alone indicates that much of the emission must be produced by charged particle excitation of H in Uranus's upper atmosphere. In addition, comparison of these data with a model for resonant scattering of solar H Ly.cap alpha. emission indicates that, over a wide range of model conditions, an emission brightness of even 430 Rayleighs (which was the lowest observed value) corresponds to an H column density on the order of 10/sup 17/ cm/sup -2/ in Uranus's upper atmosphere. At 20 AU from the Sun, solar EUV photodissociation of H/sub 2/ is insufficient to produce such a high column abundance of H, further supporting the identification of charged particle precipitation in Uranus's upper atmosphere. These data thus offer the first strong evidence for the presence of aurorae and therefore a magnetic field on Uranus.
Comparative Study of Various Formulations of Evaporations from Bare Soil Using In Situ Data

Abstract Vajious formulations of surface evaporation are tested against in situ data collected over a plot of loamy bare ground. Numerical simulations lasting seven days are compared with observations of near-surface water content and cumulative evaporation. A comparison of classical bulk aerodynamic formulations shows similar predictions of daytime evaporation while significant differences are exhibited during the night. The so-called “surface moisture availability method” seems to overestimate the nocturnal evaporation flux. In the context of this dataset, threshold methods strongly underestimate surface evaporation during the whole period of observations. A sensitivity analysis reveals that threshold evaporation (maximum sustainable water flux) is highly sensitive upon the depth of the top soil layer.
Long-period variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Infrared photometry, spectral classification, AGB evolution, and spatial distribution

Infrared JHK photometry and visual spectra have been obtained for a large sample of long-period variables (LPVs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Various aspects of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolution of LPVs are discussed using these data. The birth/death rate of LPVs of different ages in the LMC is compared with the birth rates of appropriate samples of planetary nebulas, clump stars, Cepheids, and OH/IR stars. It appears that there are much fewer large-amplitude LPVs per unit galactic stellar mass in the LMC than in the Galaxy. It is suggested that this may be due to the fact that the evolved intermediate-age AGB stars in the LMC often turn into carbon stars, which tend to have smaller pulsation amplitudes than M stars. There is also a major discrepancy between the number of LPVs in the LMC (and in the Galaxy) and the number predicted by the theories of AGB evolution, pulsation, and mass loss. A distance modulus to the LMC of 18.66 + or - 0.05 is derived by comparing the LMC LPVs with P about 200 days with the 47 Tucanae Mira variables in the (K, log P) plane. 64 refs.
New generation spectrographs

New methods of calculating the optical schemes of flat-field spectrographs with holographic diffraction gratings, high-numeral- aperture spectrographs with a new type of holographic diffraction grating, and spectrographs with wide spectral regions are described. Particular optical schemes for spectrographs and their aberration characteristics are considered.
REGULAR MOTION OF A TUBE-CRAWLING ROBOT IN A CURVED TUBE*

ABSTRACT The motion of an eight-legged tube-crawling robot through a curved (toroidal) tube is investigated in terms of kinematics. A class of regular gaits implementing such a motion is defined. In these gaits, the center of mass of the robot body moves by the same distance during each step, and, at the beginning and the end of each step, the center of mass of the robot body lies on the axis of the tube and, moreover, the axis of the robot is tangential to that of the tube. Each step consists of two half-steps. During each half-step the robot body performs a plane-parallel motion in the plane where the feet of the supporting legs lie. The parameters of the gait are calculated, and some qualitative features of the motion of the robot are analyzed. Computer simulation results are presented. The analysis of the motion of the robot in a toroidal tube is important for planning and control of the passage of the robot through turns of a pipeline. *Communicated by W. Book.
Stellar winds driven by multiline scattering

This paper presents a model of a radiation-driven stellar wind with overlapping spectral lines. It is based on the Castor, Abbott, and Klein (CAK) theory. The presence of overlapping lines allows a photon to be scattered many times in different lines. The properties of the wind at any point depend on the wavelength-averaged intensity, which in turn depends on the structure of the wind. A self-consistent wind model is found. The mass loss rate does not saturate as line overlap becomes more pronounced, but continues to increase. The terminal velocity is much larger than in the CAK model, while the velocity law is shallower. This model might help explain the massive winds from Wolf-Rayet stars.
Exact Histogram Specification Considering the Just Noticeable Difference

Exact histogram specification (EHS) transforms the histogram of an input image into the specified histogram. In the conventional EHS techniques, the pixels are first sorted according to their graylevels, and the pixels that have the same graylevel are further differentiated according to the local average of the pixel values and the edge strength. The strictly ordered pixels are then mapped to the desired histogram. However, since the conventional sorting method is inherently dependent on the initial graylevel-based sorting, the contrast enhancement capability of the conventional EHS algorithms is restricted. We propose a modified EHS algorithm considering the just noticeable difference. In the proposed algorithm, the edge pixels are pre-processed such that the output edge pixels obtained by the modified EHS can result in the local contrast enhancement. Moreover, we introduce a new sorting method for the pixels that have the same graylevel. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides better image enhancement performance compared to the conventional EHS algorithms.
Low temperature grown carbon nanotube interconnects using inner shells by chemical mechanical polishing

Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by remote plasma chemical vapor deposition at a low temperature of 390°C, which meets the requirement of the large scale integration (LSI) process. For wiring application, we measured the electrical properties of MWCNT-via structures with and without chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). The via resistances were reduced using inner shells of MWCNTs whose caps were opened due to CMP. The improved resistance after annealing at 400°C was 0. 6Ω for 2μm vias. Our process is suitable for LSI because the temperature never exceeds the allowable temperature of 400°C in the Si LSI process.
Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis with applications

SUMMARY Measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis are developed by extending certain studies on robustness of the t statistic. These measures are shown to possess desirable properties. The asymptotic distributions of the measures for samples from a multivariate normal population are derived and a test of multivariate normality is proposed. The effect of nonnormality on the size of the one-sample Hotelling's T2 test is studied empirically with the help of these measures, and it is found that Hotelling's T2 test is more sensitive to the measure of skewness than to the measure of kurtosis. measures have proved useful (i) in selecting a member of a family such as from the Karl Pearson family, (ii) in developing a test of normality, and (iii) in investigating the robustness of the standard normal theory procedures. The role of the tests of normality in modern statistics has recently been summarized by Shapiro & Wilk (1965). With these applications in mind for the multivariate situations, we propose measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis. These measures of skewness and kurtosis are developed naturally by extending certain aspects of some robustness studies for the t statistic which involve I1 and 32. It should be noted that measures of multivariate dispersion have been available for quite some time (Wilks, 1932, 1960; Hotelling, 1951). We deal with the measure of skewness in ? 2 and with the measure of kurtosis in ? 3. In ? 4 we give two important applications of these measures, namely, a test of multivariate normality and a study of the effect of nonnormality on the size of the one-sample Hotelling's T2 test. Both of these problems have attracted attention recently. The first problem has been treated by Wagle (1968) and Day (1969) and the second by Arnold (1964), but our approach differs from theirs.
Study of Prescription-Indication of Outpatient Systemic Anti-Fungals in a Colombian Population. A Cross-Sectional Study

The inappropriate use of antifungals is associated with greater antimicrobial resistance, costs, adverse events, and worse clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine prescription patterns and approved and unapproved indications for systemic antifungals in a group of patients in Colombia. This was a cross-sectional study on indications for the use of systemic antifungals in outpatients from a drug dispensing database of approximately 9.2 million people affiliated with the Colombian Health System. Sociodemographic, pharmacological, and clinical variables were considered. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were performed. A total of 74,603 patients with antifungal prescriptions were identified; they had a median age of 36.0 years (interquartile range: 22.0–53.0 years), and 67.3% of patients were women. Fluconazole (66.5%) was the most prescribed antifungal for indications such as vaginitis, vulvitis, and vulvovaginitis (35.0%). A total of 29.3% of the prescriptions were used in unapproved indications. A total of 96.3% of ketoconazole users used the medication in unapproved indications. Men (OR: 1.91; CI95%: 1.79–2.04), <18 years of age (OR: 1.20; CI95%: 1.11–1.31), from the Caribbean region (OR: 1.26; CI95%: 1.18–1.34), with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.80; CI95%: 1.27–2.54), prescriptions made by a general practitioner (OR: 1.17; CI95%: 1.04–1.31), receiving comedications (OR: 1.58; CI95%: 1.48–1.69), and the concomitant use of other antimicrobials (OR: 1.77; CI95%: 1.66–1.88) were associated with a higher probability that the antifungal was used for unapproved indications; deep mycosis (OR: 0.49; CI95%: 0.41–0.58), prescribing fluconazole (OR: 0.06; CI95%: 0.06–0.06), and having diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.33; CI95%: 0.29–0.37), cancer (OR: 0.13; CI95%: 0.11–0.16), or HIV (OR: 0.07; CI95%: 0.04–0.09) reduced this risk. Systemic antifungals were mostly used for the management of superficial mycoses, especially at the gynecological level. In addition, more than a quarter of patients received these medications in unapproved indications, and there was broad inappropriate use of ketoconazole.
Existential humility: strong tests of intellectual humility

ABSTRACT Intellectual humility (IH) likely is most challenging when individuals are confronted with existential threats, a state we label existential humility (EH). Existential humility includes holding cherished beliefs regarding the meaning of life and death loosely enough to revise in light of evidence, as well as lower defensiveness following existential threats or reminders. We discuss the broader personality structure IH and EH, focusing on the Big Five factor of agreeableness as well as narcissism. We propose that the most diagnostic situations of the existence of intellectual humility – heretofore rare in the empirical literature – are in the realm of existential beliefs. Moving from existential arrogance to humility may require substantial self-change, though transcendent situations such as flow experiences, awe (e.g., wondrous vistas in nature), meditation, or even experience with psychedelics may be viable pathways toward greater existential humility.
Time-dependent phase shift of a retrieved pulse in off-resonant electromagnetically-induced-transparency-based light storage

We report measurements of the time-dependent phases of the leak and retrieved pulses obtained in EIT storage experiments with metastable helium vapor at room temperature. In particular, we investigate the influence of the optical detuning at two-photon resonance, and provide numerical simulations of the full dynamical Maxwell-Bloch equations, which allow us to account for the experimental results.
The Exceptional Set for the Number of Primes in Short Intervals

Abstract We investigate the exceptional set E δ ( X , h ) associated with the asymptotic formula for the number of primes in short intervals; see Section 1 for the definition. We first obtain two results about the basic structure of this set, proving the inertia and decrease properties; see Theorem 1. Then we turn to estimates for the size of E δ ( X , h ), showing that non-trivial bounds for | E δ ( X , h )| can be obtained when h ( x )= x θ and 1/6 θ
Electrical derivative measurement of quantum cascade lasers

The electrical derivative characteristics of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are investigated to test the QCL threshold, leakage current, and possibly explore carrier transport. QCL thresholds can be identified by searching for the slope peak of the first derivative of the I-V curves and can be further confirmed with its alignment to the peak of the second derivative of the I-V curves. Leakage current in QCLs with oxide-blocked ridge waveguides and buried heterostructure (BH) waveguides are studied and compared. The oxide-blocking structures provide the lowest leakage current although the capped-mesa-BH (CMBH) QCLs provide the toughest durability under highly stressful operations. The leakage current of CMBH QCLs are also compared at different temperatures.
Wavelet-based adaptive regularization deconvolution for turbulence-degraded image

The observed object images are seriously blurred because of the influence of atmospheric turbulence. The deconvolution is required for object reconstruction from turbulence degraded images. The wavelet transform provides a multiresolution approach to image analysis and processing. We consider a wavelet-based adaptive edge-preserving regularization deconvolution (WbARD) scheme for image restoration problems. This is accomplished by first casting the classical image restoration problem into the wavelet domain. We consider the behavior of the blur operator in the atrous wavelet domain. Then, we are able to adapt quite easily to scale-varying and orientation-varying features in the image while simultaneously retaining the edge preservation properties of the regularization. Experimental results show that the WbARD algorithm produces good performance in comparison to standard direct restoration approaches for turbulencedegraded images.
Shocks in dense clouds III. Dust processing and feedback effects in C-type shocks

Aims. We study the impact of grain-grain collisions in C-type shocks propagating in dense clouds (n H ≥ 10 4 cm -3 ) on the evolution of the dust size distribution, the shock dynamics and the release of chemical species into the gas phase such as SiO. Methods. Our shock code for transverse C-type shocks is extended to self-consistently couple the charge, dynamics and evolution of the size distributions of silicate and carbon grains with the shock dynamics. Dust processes included are sputtering in gas-grain collisions, vaporisation and shattering in grain-grain collisions. Results. Grain shattering and its feedback onto the dynamics of C-type shocks is found to be only significant at densities higher than ∼10 5 cm -3 . Numerous small grains are produced in the shock through the fragmentation of large grains. C shocks are therefore shorter and warmer when shattering is included. Vaporisation is more efficient than sputtering at destroying grain cores. In particular, vaporisation destroys dust at low shock velocities where sputtering is inefficient (20-25 km s -1 ). Unlike sputtering, vaporisation produces SiO early in the shock, which may affect the SiO emission line profiles. All these effects are found to be negligible below a density of ∼10 4 cm -3 .
Three-dimensional organic Fabry-Pérot microlasers

Three-dimensional organic microlasers were fabricated and lasing with low threshold was demonstrated. The cavities were fabricated via UV lithography from SU-8 doped with different laser dyes. The fabrication scheme relies on commercially available products and is both cheap and rapid. Cubic and stripe-shaped (Fabry-P´erot) microlasers were investigated. The periodic ray trajectories on which their lasing modes are localized were identified as a first step towards the exploration of general three-dimensional microlasers.
Nuclear Magnetism in Metals

Nuclear magnetism in elemental metals is discussed with the emphasis on spontaneous nuclear ordering. Materials feasible for experiments are classified according to the abundancies of magnetic and non-magnetic isotopes which crucially affect their physical properties. The Hamiltonian of these systems consists of the dipolar interaction and the conduction electron mediated indirect interaction. The theory and measurement of indirect spin-spin coupling are described. Copper is still the only metal in which spontaneous nuclear ordering has been observed; the experiments are briefly reviewed. The structure of the observed three antiferromagnetic phases is discussed. A spin-wave calculation predicts a novel antiferromagnetic structure for the ground state. Phase diagrams for silver and gold in a magnetic field are expected to be drastically different from that of copper.
Temperature-Driven Twin Structure Formation and Electronic Structure of Epitaxially Grown Mg3Sb2 Films on Mismatched Substrates

Mg3Sb2-based compounds are one type of important room-temperature thermoelectric materials and the appropriate candidate of type-II nodal line semimetals. In Mg3Sb2-based films, compelling research topics such as dimensionality reduction and topological states rely on the controllable preparation of films with high crystallinity, which remains a big challenge. In this work, high quality Mg3Sb2 films are successfully grown on mismatched substrates of sapphire (000l), while the temperature-driven twin structure evolution and characteristics of the electronic structure are revealed in the as-grown Mg3Sb2 films by in situ and ex situ measurements. The transition of layer-to-island growth of Mg3Sb2 films is kinetically controlled by increasing the substrate temperature (Tsub), which is accompanied with the rational manipulation of twin structure and epitaxial strains. Twin-free structure could be acquired in the Mg3Sb2 film grown at a low Tsub of 573 K, while the formation of twin structure is significantly promoted by elevating the Tsub and annealing, in close relation to the processes of strain relaxation and enhanced mass transfer. Measurements of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) elucidate the intrinsic p-type conduction of Mg3Sb2 films and a bulk band gap of ~0.89 eV, and a prominent Fermi level downshift of ~0.2 eV could be achieved by controlling the film growth parameters. As elucidated in this work, the effective manipulation of the epitaxial strains, twin structure and Fermi level is instructive and beneficial for the further exploration and optimization of thermoelectric and topological properties of Mg3Sb2-based films.