Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Flow‐adaptive moderation of spurious ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble‐based data assimilation

Many ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation (DA) schemes reduce the effect of spurious ensemble correlations caused by small ensemble size by multiplying the correlations by moderation functions. Moderation functions envelop true error correlation functions. Ideal moderation functions would adapt to variations in the movement and width of true error correlation functions. Here, we describe a new method in which flow‐dependent moderation functions are built from powers of smoothed ensemble correlations. The approach imparts to the moderation function movement and width information retained by the smoothed ensemble correlations. Spurious smoothed ensemble correlations are attenuated by raising them to a power. Simple systems were used to compare DA performance using such Smoothed ENsemble COrrelations Raised to a Power (SENCORP) moderation functions against DA performance using optimally tuned but non‐adaptive moderation functions. The simple systems considered feature propagating error correlation functions and error correlation functions with variable width. It was found that when significant spatio‐temporal variations in the true error correlation function are present, SENCORP moderation functions are superior to non‐adaptive moderation functions. In the absence of spatio‐temporal variations, the DA performance of SENCORP moderation functions was found to be statistically indistinguishable from the DA performance of non‐adaptive moderation functions. An example using a primitive equation global model is given to illustrate how the method could be used to improve the performance of a local ensemble Kalman filter/smoother, particularly when larger observation volumes are used, to better account for error propagation and/or observations that represent vertically averaged variables. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Resolution Laser-Pulse Method for Measuring Charge Distributions in Dielectrics

A laser-induced pressure-pulse method for measuring the charge distribution in (10 to 100 \ensuremath{\mu}m thick) dielectric samples with a resolution of about 4 \ensuremath{\mu} m is described. A short ( ns) energetic light pulse from a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser is applied to a specially coated surface of the sample. The recoil due to ablation of material from the coating generates a pressure pulse (\ensuremath{\sim}2 ns) which propagates through the sample. The charge distribution is evaluated by measuring the electrode currents from 25- and 75-\ensuremath{\mu}m polymers charged with corona and electron-beam methods.
Use of Envelope Domain III Protein for the Detection of IgG Type Antibodies Specific to Zika Virus by Indirect ELISA

Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnostics are crucial for proper antenatal and postnatal care and also for surveillance and serosurvey studies. Since the viremia during ZIKV infection is fleeting, serological testing is highly valuable to inform diagnosis. However, current serology tests using whole virus antigens frequently suffer from cross reactivity issues, delays, and technical complexity, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs) and endemic countries. Here, we describe an indirect ELISA to detect specific IgG antibodies using the ZIKV envelope domain III (EDIII) protein expressed in Drosophila S2 cells as an immunogen. Using a total of 367 clinical samples, we showed that the EDIII-ELISA was able to detect IgG antibodies against ZIKV with high sensitivity of 100.0% and specificity of 94.7% when compared to plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) as the gold standard and using 0.208 as the cut-off OD value. These results show the usefulness of the recombinant envelope domain III as an alternative to standard whole virus proteins for ZIKV diagnostics as it improves the sensitivity and specificity of IgG ELISA assay when used as an immunogen. This method should, therefore, be extended to serological diagnostic techniques for other members of the flavivirus genus and for use in IgM diagnostic testing.
Lifelong Cognitive Reserve, Imaging Markers of Brain Aging, and Cognitive Function in Dementia-Free Rural Older Adults: A Population-Based Study

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) partly explains cognitive variability in the presence of pathological brain aging. Objective: We investigated the interplay of lifelong CR with age, sex, and brain aging markers in cognitive phenotypes among older adults with very limited education. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study included 179 dementia-free participants (age ≥65 years; 39.7% women; 67.0% had no or elementary education) examined in 2014–2016. We assessed lacunes and volumes of hippocampus, ventricles, grey matter, white matter (WM), and white matter hyperintensities. Lifelong CR score was generated from six lifespan intellectual factors (e.g., education and social support). We used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score to assess cognition and Petersen’s criteria to define mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Data were analyzed using general linear and logistic models. Results: The association of higher lifelong CR score (range: –4.0–5.0) with higher MMSE score was stronger in women (multivariable-adjusted β-coefficient and 95% CI: 1.75;0.99–2.51) than in men (0.68;0.33–1.03) (pinteraction = 0.006). The association of higher CR with MCI (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI: 0.77;0.60–0.99) did not vary by age or sex. Among participants with low CR (<1.4[median]), greater hippocampal and WM volumes were related to higher MMSE scores with multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients being 1.77(0.41–3.13) and 0.44(0.15–0.74); the corresponding figures in those with high CR were 0.15(–0.76–1.07) and –0.17(–0.41–0.07) (pinteraction <0.01). There was no statistical interaction of CR with MRI markers on MCI. Conclusion: Greater lifelong CR capacity is associated with better late-life cognition among people with limited education, possibly by compensating for impact of neurodegeneration.
Time-Resolved Microphotoluminescence Study of Cu(In,Ga)Se2

The carrier recombination processes in Cu(In1-x,Gax)Se2 (CIGS) thin films were investigated by time-resolved microscopic-photoluminescence (µ-PL) measurement at room temperature. For films with x = 0.45, the spatial distribution of the donor–acceptor pair luminescence is much larger than the grain size. The PL decay lifetime is directly correlated with the µ-PL intensity, but the spectral shape is identical regardless of the sample position. These results suggest that the nonuniform distribution of nonradiative recombination centers mainly affects the carrier recombination in CIGS thin films. At relatively high Ga concentrations (x ≥0.7), the spatial inhomogeneity in µ-PL intensity is enhanced and decay accelerated, suggesting an increase in the density of nonradiative recombination centers. Thus, suppression of nonradiative recombination is critical to enhancing the performance of CIGS-based solar cells.
Multivariate Time Series Forecasting pada Penjualan Barang Retail dengan Recurrent Neural Network

Abstrack – Indonesian retail market is growth along with increasing of population and purchasing power. This opportunity needs to be utilized, but on retail business, sometimes there’s a situation in store where it happens Out of Stock or Over Stock. To handle this problem, we can make a forecast or a prediction about the sales on the future. There are many methods on forecasting, but in general they are divide into statistical methods and computational intelligence methods. This research is aimed to forecast retail sales on each day using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) as part of computational intelligence method. From this research, we can get a result that on retail forecasting sales case, the accuration performance of RNN is better than statistical method.
Highly sensitive thin-film organic phototransistors: Effect of wavelength of light source on device performance

Organic phototransistors (OPTs) were fabricated from pentacene and copper phthalocyanine (CuPC) based on the geometry of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs); and the effect of the wavelength of the incident light source on their performance was examined. High performance OFETs with pentacene and CuPC were fabricated and the characteristics of the OPTs were examined under UV and visible-light irradiations with top illumination. The CuPC and pentacene OPTs show a high responsivities of 0.5–2 and 10–50A∕W and maximum IPh∕IDark of 3000 and 1.3×105, respectively, under 365nm UV light. However, under visible light, at a wavelength of 650nm, the pentacene OPTs had 100 times less responsivity, 0.15–0.45A∕W, and a IPh∕IDark of 1000, even though an absorption coefficient three times larger was observed at this wavelength than at 365nm. A strong correlation was found between the performance of the OPTs and the incident photon to current conversion efficiency spectra of an organic semiconductor. The strong depen.
Atmospheric Data Analysis

1. Introduction 2. Function fitting 3. The method of successive corrections 4. Statistical interpolation - univariate 5. Statistical interpolation - multivariate 6. The initialisation problem 7. Quasi-geostrophic constraints 8. Variational procedures 9. Normal mode initialisation - theory 10. Normal mode initialisation - applications 11. Dynamic initialisation 12. Continuous data assimilation 13. Future directions Appendixes.
Nanoencapsulation Boosts the Copper-Induced Defense Responses of a Susceptible Coffea arabica Cultivar against Hemileia vastatrix

Due to the environmental risks of conventional Cu-based fungicides, Cu-loaded chitosan nanoparticles have been developed as nano-pesticides, aiming to protect plants against different diseases. In this sense, the objective was to verify the effects of chitosan nanoparticles containing Cu2+ ions on leaf discs of Coffea arabica cv. IPR 100 infected with Hemileia vastatrix. The treatments were water as a control (CONT), unloaded chitosan nanoparticles (NP), chitosan nanoparticles containing Cu2+ ions (NPCu), and free Cu2+ ions (Cu). Different concentrations of NP (0.25; 0.5; 1 g L−1) and Cu2+ ions (1.25; 2.5; 5 mmol L−1) were tested. The severity of the coffee rust was 42% in the CONT treatment, 22% in NP, and 2% in NPCu and Cu. The treatments protected coffee leaves; however, NPCu stood out for initial stress reduction, decreasing Cu phytotoxicity, promoting photosynthetic activity maintenance, and increasing antioxidant responses, conferring significant protection against coffee rust. At low concentrations (1.25 mmol L−1), NPCu showed higher bioactivity than Cu. These results suggest that Cu-loaded chitosan nanoparticles can induce a more significant plant defense response to the infection of Hemileia vastatrix than conventional Cu, avoiding the toxic effects of high Cu concentrations. Thus, this nanomaterial has great potential to be used as nano-pesticides for disease management.
The Influence of Mechanical Bowel Preparation on Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Gastrointestinal Disease—A Systematic Review

(1) Background: Colorectal cancer is the second commonest cause of cancer deaths worldwide; recently, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of this disease. In this paper, we aim to identify and review the available literature on the influence of mechanical bowel preparation on VOC production and measurement. (2) Methods: A systematic search for studies was carried out for articles relevant to mechanical bowel preparation and its effects on volatile organic compounds. A total of 4 of 1349 papers initially derived from the search were selected. (3) Results: Two studies with a total of 134 patients found no difference in measured breath VOC profiles after bowel preparation; one other study found an increase in breath acetone in 61 patients after bowel preparation, but no other compounds were affected. Finally, the last study showed the alteration of urinary VOC profiles. (4) Conclusions: There is limited data on the effect of bowel preparation on VOC production in the body. As further studies of VOCs are conducted in patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal disease, the quantification of the effect of bowel preparation on their abundance is required.
Remarks on the generalized Lindelöf Hypothesis

Within the study of arithmetical Dirichlet series, those that have a functional equation and Euler product are of particular interest. In 1989 Selberg described a class S of Dirichlet series through a set of four axioms which possibly contain all of these interesting Dirichlet series and made a number of interesting conjectures. In particular, he conjectured the Riemann Hypothesis for this class. We prove that one consequence of the Riemann Hypothesis for functions in S is the generalized Lindelöf Hypothesis. Moreover, we give an example of a function D which satisfies the first three of Selberg’s axioms but fails the Lindelöf Hypothesis in the Q aspect.
Putative fossil life in a hydrothermal system of the Dellen impact structure, Sweden

Abstract Impact-generated hydrothermal systems are commonly proposed as good candidates for hosting primitive life on early Earth and Mars. However, evidence of fossil microbial colonization in impact-generated hydrothermal systems is rarely reported in the literature. Here we present the occurrence of putative fossil microorganisms in a hydrothermal system of the 89 Ma Dellen impact structure, Sweden. We found the putative fossilized microorganisms hosted in a fine-grained matrix of hydrothermal alteration minerals set in interlinked fractures of an impact breccia. The putative fossils appear as semi-straight to twirled filaments, with a thickness of 1–2 μm, and a length between 10 and 100 μm. They have an internal structure with segmentation, and branching of filaments occurs frequently. Their composition varies between an outer and an inner layer of a filament, where the inner layer is more iron rich. Our results indicate that hydrothermal systems in impact craters could potentially be capable of supporting microbial life. This could have played an important role for the evolution of life on early Earth and Mars.
Image‐based isogeometric twins of lattices with virtual image correlation for varying cross‐section beams

Cellular materials, in particular metal or polymer foams and beam lattices, are characterized by a complex architecture where the material is concentrated in slender struts. This study is concerned with the construction of numerically efficient sample‐specific digital twin for the analysis and characterization of the mechanical behavior of such meta‐materials. A method to build an explicit, light, and analysis‐suitable isogeometric beam model directly from digital images is proposed. More precisely, as a main contribution, the virtual image correlation method is extended to the case of multiple interconnected beams with varying cross‐sections. Special care is also given to the initialization for better efficiency and robustness. Synthetic and real examples of increasing complexity, that is, curved beams, lattices, and foams, are presented to account for the performance of the developed workflow from digital images to an isogeometric twin for mechanical modeling and simulation.
On the origin of inner‐source pickup ions

In situ measurements of pickup ions (PUI) exhibit a component that has nearly thermalized with the solar wind. This implies an origin close to the Sun and is generally ascribed to interaction of the solar wind with interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). We propose a scenario for the origin of inner‐source PUIs in which a population of very small IDPs serves as the neutralizing agent for solar wind ions. The size of these IDPs is less than or comparable to the penetration range, of solar wind ions in IDP material. The interaction of the solar wind with such particles results in a net charge exchange in which solar wind ions exit the IDPs as predominantly neutral or singly‐charged ions. When the neutralized solar wind is reionized, it is picked up and can then be measured as a PUI.
Moment estimators for the beta-binomial distribution

A new moment estimator of the dispersion parameter of the beta-binomial distribution is proposed. It is derived by the method of moments which is constrained to satisfy the unbiasedness of the estimating equation. It gives a better performance than those of the usual moment estimators and the stabilized moment estimator proposed by Tamura & Young. The bias of the estimator is smaller than that of the maximum likelihood estimate in a wide range of parameter space.
Microplastic occurrence in fish species from the Iquitos region in Peru, western Amazonia

ABSTRACT The contamination of aquatic environments by microplastic has become a major threat to biodiversity. The presence of microplastic is documented in the aquatic fauna of the oceans, but, in the Amazon basin, reports on microplastic occurrence are few. The present study surveyed microplastic occurrence in fishes in an area of the Peruvian Amazon. We sampled 61 specimens of 15 commercial species from local markets in the city of Iquitos, Loreto Department. We detected a total of 2337 microplastic particles, 1096 in the gills and 1241 in the internal organs (esophagus, stomach, intestine, liver, gonads, pancreas, swim bladder and heart). The prevalence of microplastic particles was 100% and the overall average abundance was of 38.3 particles per individual (17.9 particles per individual in gills and 20.3 particles per individual in internal organs). Most particles were found in carnivorous fish. There was no correlation of particle abundance with fish standard length and weight. These results provided evidence of the degree of microplastic contamination of the fish fauna in the region of Iquitos.
A 10-Year Survey of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Central and Eastern United States Using Gridded Multisensor Precipitation Analyses

AbstractExtreme rainfall events in the central and eastern United States during 2002–11 were identified using NCEP stage-IV precipitation analyses. Precipitation amounts were compared against established 50- and 100-yr recurrence interval thresholds for 1-, 6-, and 24-h durations. The authors identified points where analyzed precipitation exceeded the threshold, and combined points associated with the same weather system into events. At shorter durations, points exceeding the thresholds were most common in the Southeast, whereas points were more uniformly distributed for the 24-h duration. Most 24-h events have more points than the other durations, reflecting the importance of organized precipitation systems on longer temporal scales. Though monthly peaks varied by region, the maximum (minimum) usually occurred during the summer (winter); however, the 24-h point maximum occurred in September owing to tropical cyclones. The maximum (minimum) in hourly extreme rainfall points occurred at 2300 (1100) LST, th.
Retrospective Dose Reconstruction for Medical Diagnostic X Ray Workers in China using Stable Chromosome Aberrations

The chromosome rearrangements in medical diagnostic X ray workers were analysed using the G-banding technique and evaluated collectively in accumulated doses. A total of 9102 metaphase spreads from 84 medical diagnostic X ray workers and 17 controls were scored. The results showed that: (I) the frequencies of translocation, stable chromosome aberration and total aberration in X ray workers were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.05 ∼ 0.005), unstable chromosome aberrations (including dicentric and acentric aberration) tended upwards; (2) the main aberration in stable aberrations was reciprocal translocation; (3) the stable aberration predominated strikingly in total aberrations. The medical diagnostic X ray workers were divided into three groups according to calendar year of entry. The data showed that the frequencies of translocation, stable aberration and total aberration increased with earlier year of entry, especially in two groups who started working before 1970. According to the equation recommended by Straume et al, linear coefficient (a) in the linear quadratic model provided by Femandez's experiment, their collective accumulation doses calculated were 0.53, 0.26 and 0.06 Gy for calendar year of entry before 1960, 1960-1969, and after 1970, in X ray workers, respectively.
Vibrational nonequilibrium modeling using direct simulation. I - Continuous internal energy

A new class of vibrational nonequilibrium models is introduced for repulsive-attractive intermodular potentials to reproduce on average the relaxation time of Millikan and White over all its domain of validity. Intended to do Monte Carlo simulations, it is proposed at a microscopic scale, in the form of individual probabilities of vibration translation energy exchange p. In this first part the internal energy is assumed to be continuous. The relation linking the required individual probability to the relaxation time to be reproduced is solved thanks to the systematic and exact resolution method, based on the Laplace transformation, that we had proposed earlier. Models previously introduced by Boyd and Bird are found as borderline cases of the present one. Attainment of detailed balance is checked with homogeneous calculations, using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method and the original Borgnakke-Larsen (BL) scheme. Assumption used to develop/? models is discussed in light of numerical results and justified thanks to a recent mathematical study of the BL scheme.
Defect-induced magnetism in chemically synthesized nanoscale sheets of MgO

Highly defective MgO nanosheets were prepared by a colloidal synthesis and exhibited low-temperature ferromagnetism which was significantly larger that the magnetization potentially obtainable from the low transition-metal impurity concentration. Electron paramagnetic resonance experiments confirmed that the magnetization did not significantly involve impurities and that the nanosheets consisted of strongly interacting spin clusters which disappeared upon high-temperature annealing. These spins were concentrated along extended defects, possibly as unpaired electrons trapped at oxygen vacancies.