Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric Determination of Isoniazid in the Presence of Acetaminophen Utilizing MoS2-Nanosheet-Modified Screen-Printed Electrode

We used MoS2 nanosheets (MoS2 NSs) for surface modification of screen-printed electrode (MoS2NSs-SPE) aimed at detecting isoniazid (INZ) in the presence of acetaminophen (AC). According to analysis, an impressive catalytic performance was found for INZ and AC electro-oxidation, resulting in an appreciable peak resolution (~320 mV) for both analytes. Chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), linear sweep voltammogram (LSV), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to characterize the electrochemical behaviors of the modified electrode for the INZ detection. Under the optimal circumstances, there was a linear relationship between the peak current of oxidation and the various levels of INZ (0.035–390.0 µM), with a narrow limit of detection (10.0 nM). The applicability of the as-developed sensor was confirmed by determining the INZ and AC in tablets and urine specimens, with acceptable recoveries.
A genetic assessment of the population structure and demographic history of Odontamblyopuslacepedii (Perciformes, Amblyopinae) from the northwestern Pacific

﻿Abstract Coupled with geological and geographical history, climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene period had remarkable effects on species biodiversity and distribution along the northwestern Pacific. To detect the population structure and demographic history of Odontamblyopuslacepedii, 547-bp fragments of the mitochondrial DNA control region were sequenced. A low level of nucleotide diversity (0.0065 ± 0.0037) and a high level of haplotype diversity (0.98 ± 0.01) was observed. The Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference phylogenetic trees showed no significant genealogical structure corresponding to sampling locations. The results of AMOVA and pairwise FST values revealed some significant genetic differentiation among populations, and the isolation by distance (IBD) analysis supported that the genetic differentiation was associated with the geographic distances. The demographic history of O.lacepedii examined by neutrality tests, mismatch distribution analysis, and Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSP) analysis suggested a sudden population expansion, and the expansion time was estimated to be around the Pleistocene. We hypothesize that the climate changes during the Pleistocene, ocean currents, and larval dispersal capabilities have played an important role in shaping contemporary phylogeographic pattern and population structure of O.lacepedii.
The Process Of Multi-Class Fake News Dataset Generation

Nowadays, news plays a significant role in everyday life. Due to the increasing usage of social media and the dissemination of news by people who have access to social media, there is a problem that the validation of the news may be questioned, and people may publish fake news for their benefit. Automatic fake news detection is a complex issue. It is necessary to have up-to-date and reliable data to build an efficient model for detection. However, there are very few such datasets available for researchers. In this paper, we proposed a new fake news dataset extracted from three famous and reliable fact-checking websites. Because of the different labels used in each site, an algorithm was developed to integrated these 37 labels into five unified labels. Some experiments were conducted to show the usability and validity of the dataset.
Time dependence of hydraulic parameters estimation from transient analysis of mini disc infiltrometer measurements

The transient analysis of mini disc infiltrometer (MDI) measurements is an established method for characterising near‐surface hydraulic characteristics of soils. The reliability of hydraulic characteristics obtained from transient analysis depends on the (1) adequacy of model, (2) adequacy of data, (3) measurement time and (4) measurement footprint. The measurement time dependence recommendations are reported only for a few soil textures, initially wet samples and tension infiltrometer (TI) with a higher measurement footprint than the MDI. This study investigated the adequacy of infiltration data (using cumulative linearization [CL] and differentiated linearization [DL]) and measurement time influence on the hydraulic parameters determined from the transient analysis of MDI measurements for six soil textures. The objective of the study is to identify suitable MDI measurement durations for different soil textures for the initially dry state, considering both adequacy of data and time fractionation (measurement time influence). The data adequacy time obtained from the DL (TDL) was found to be 0.8 times less than the value obtained from CL (TCL). The marginal difference in TDL and TCL had a significant influence on the determination of infiltration equation coefficient C1 and negligible influence on coefficient C2. The time fractionation procedure adopted for identifying adequate MDI measurement time (Tm) was found to be comparable based on sorptivity (S0) and hydraulic conductivity (K0). The average Tm was also comparable with TDL and TCL with a strong positive correlation. The C2 values obtained based on Tm, TDL, and TCL were in better agreement than the corresponding C1 values. The adequate MDI measurement times identified by considering Tm, TDL, and TCL were texture dependent, ranging from 45 min for silt to 120 min for silt loam and silty clay loam. For loamy sand, it was 50 min; for sand, it was 70 min, followed by 60 min for loam.
Local and Metastatic Relapses in a Young Woman with Papillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix

Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a rare histological type of cervical carcinoma whose biological behavior has not been fully established. A 33-year-old woman with an exophytic cervical mass underwent radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. Histological examination of the tumor revealed numerous papillary fronds lined by atypical stratified squamous cells, resembling high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or urothelium. She was diagnosed with stage IB1 PSCC. Three months postoperatively, a 5.7 cm vaginal stump mass was detected. She received chemoradiotherapy, which helped her achieve a complete response. However, nine months postoperatively, she developed pelvic lymph node metastases. We present a rare case of recurrent cervical PSCC in a young woman. PSCC of the uterine cervix can recur rapidly within just a few months and become aggressive, as in the present case.
Antiproliferation- and Apoptosis-Inducible Effects of a Novel Nitrated [6,6,6]Tricycle Derivative (SK2) on Oral Cancer Cells

The benzo-fused dioxabicyclo[3.3. 1]nonane core is the central framework in several natural products. Using this core, we had developed a novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle-derived compound containing an n-butyloxy group, namely, SK2. The anticancer potential of SK2 was not assessed. This study aimed to determine the antiproliferative function and investigated possible mechanisms of SK2 acting on oral cancer cells. SK2 preferentially killed oral cancer cells but caused no harmful effect on non-malignant oral cells. After the SK2 exposure of oral cancer cells, cells in the sub-G1 phase accumulated. This apoptosis-like outcome of SK2 treatment was validated to be apoptosis via observing an increasing annexin V population. Mechanistically, apoptosis signalers such as pancaspase, caspases 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3 were activated by SK2 in oral cancer cells. SK2 induced oxidative-stress-associated changes. Furthermore, SK2 caused DNA damage (γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine). In conclusion, a novel nitrated [6,6,6]tricycle-derived compound, SK2, exhibits a preferential antiproliferative effect on oral cancer cells, accompanied by apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage.
Design and Analysis of a Microgripper with Three-Stage Amplification Mechanism for Micromanipulation

This paper proposes a novel microgripper with two working modes. The microgripper is designed with symmetric structure and each part is actuated by one piezoelectric actuator, respectively. To achieve desired output displacement, each part of the microgripper is designed with three-stage amplification mechanism to amplify the displacement of the PZT actuator. According to the size of the microobjects, the grasping operation can be completed by one finger moving or two fingers moving simultaneously. Then, the theoretical analysis is carried out to calculated the key characteristics, including amplification, input stiffness and frequency. Finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to optimize the structural parameters and investigate the performance of the microgripper. Finally, a prototype is machined by wire electro-discharge machining (WEDM) method and experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the microgripper. The results indicate that the amplification is 10.41 and the motion stroke of one jaw is 118.34 µm when the input voltage is 100 V. The first natural frequency is 746.56 Hz. By picking and placing the wires with different diameters and slices with different thickness, the grasping stability is verified.
A Change in Conservation Status of Pachyphytum caesium (Crassulaceae), a Threatened Species from Central Mexico Based on Genetic Studies

Simple Summary Species decline has accelerated in recent decades, with rare species often being the first to go extinct, mainly due to low population sizes. This study worked with Pachyphytum cesium (Crassulaceae), an endemic species from central Mexico threatened by human activities and climate change. To increase our knowledge of the species, we analyze the diversity and genetic structure of all known populations of P. caesium to change their current genetic status and propose conservation strategies. The results indicate that this species presents low to moderate levels of genetic diversity and incipiently structured populations due to low genetic flow. We found that genetic parameters are essential to the conservation strategies and status vulnerability reclassification. Based on our results, we propose reclassifying the conservation status of the species in danger of extinction; hence a series of conservation strategies are provided to prevent its disappearance. Abstract Genetic studies in rare species are important to determine their patterns of genetic diversity among populations and implement conservation plans aimed to reduce extinction risks. Pachyphytum caesium is an endemic species with extremely small populations in central Mexico. This work analyzes the diversity and genetic structure of Pachyphytum cesium (Crassulaceae) to change the conservation status and propose conservation strategies. Twelve dominant ISSR markers were used to describe the genetic diversity of all known populations. Additionally, we carried out two simulations to explore how the loss of individuals or the local populations extinction affect the genetics parameters of the species. The average results indicated moderate levels of genetic diversity (number of alleles = 89.7 ± 3.9, expected heterozygosity = 0.212 ± 0.0, and percentage of polymorphic loci = 56.1 ± 3.9), parameters that decreased significantly when simulations were performed in P. caesium. Additionally, a genetic structure of the populations was found with low gene flow (Nm = 0.92). Genetic parameters are negatively affected by the loss of individuals and the local extinction of populations. Based on our results, we propose to reclassify the conservation status of the species in danger of extinction, hence a series of conservation strategies are provided to prevent its disappearance.
Cobalt (II)-Mediated Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as a Monolithic Stationary Phase for Separation of Racemic Citronellal by Liquid Chromatography

A metal-mediated molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) monolithic column was prepared as the stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and applied to the enantiomeric separation of rac-citronellal. MMIP column was prepared through in situ copolymerizations with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/[BMIM][BF4] as the primary pore-forming agent and cobalt(II) acetate as the metal pivot. Interactions between polymer components in the synthesized monolith were assessed by FTIR to identify the functional groups. The monolith morphology was characterized with SEM, and the template removal was detected by UV Spectrophotometry at 253 nm. In this study, (R)-(+)-citronellal was used as a template, whereas 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP) was employed as the functional monomer with two monomer crosslinkers, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM), and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA). The ternary mixture of porogenic solvent consisted of [BMIM][BF4], dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with the applied ratio of 1 : 1:1 (v/v) and 10 : 1:5 (v/v) for the preparation of MMIP using TRIM and EDMA crosslinkers, respectively. Co(II) ion was added to the porogenic solvent before being mixed with the functional monomer and the crosslinker mixtures. Separating the rac-citronellal was achieved on the synthesized MMIP, showing better selectivity than the monolithic metal-mediated nonimprinted polymer (MNIP), nonimprinted polymer (NIP), and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP).
Development of a Multichannel Bioinstrumentation System for Human-Computer Interface Applications

: A multi-channel measurement system used to measure electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG) and electrooculogram (EOG) biosignals has been designed and prototyped. The designed system has 16 configurable measurement channels. Of the 16 channels the developed system has, 8 have been designed for EEG, 2 for EMG, 2 for EOG, 1 for ECG measurements, the remaining 3 have been reserved as backup channels. In circuit design, biosignal amplifier design principles have been applied by taking into account the characteristics of the biosignal to be measured for each channel, such as bandwidth, frequency, amplitude, noise level. Modules such as instrumentation amplifier, filter, DC suppression unit, amplifier, DC level determination unit, analog-digital converter, optical isolation unit, power supply have been designed to perform biosignal measurements through these channels. Biosignals measured by the developed system can be shifted to the desired threshold level with the help of the analog output reference voltage, converted to digital data 10-bit resolution and transferred to the computer environment in real time. The data transferred to the computer can be used in C#, Excel, MATLAB, and LabVIEW platforms. The novelty of the developed system is that any of the four desired biosignal types can be measured from any channel. In addition, another feature of the system is that it can work with real-time data without being dependent on the databases serving for human-computer interface applications. In experimental studies with some researchers for the performance tests of the system, ECG, EEG, EMG and EOG signals have been recorded with different module configurations, and signal processing stages were carried out to be used for human-computer applications.
Biochar actions for the mitigation of plant abiotic stress

ABSTRACT Abiotic stresses are the dominant constraints to successful crop production in the modern era. Over the past few decades, researchers have devised various techniques to ease the effects of abiotic stresses on crop plants. Biochar is a vital eco-friendly biostimulant that mostly increases crop production and alleviates the adverse effects of different abiotic stresses. It improves crop yield as a fertiliser and soil quality as a soil conditioner. Biochar amendment in the soil is gaining popularity these days. This is because it improves the physio-biochemical and biological properties of soil. Biochar enhances abiotic stress tolerance as well as growth and yield of plants by modulating ionic homeostasis, photosynthetic apparatus, antioxidant machineries, reducing heavy metal accumulations and oxidative damages. However, the stress-relieving roles of biochar have not been thoroughly assembled. This review summarises current reports of biochar application and discusses the potential roles of biochar amendment in soil for crop growth and production under stress and non-stress conditions. This review also covers the possible mechanisms for how abiotic stress mitigation is accomplished in plants and the limitations and prospects of biochar application in agriculture.
A Study of Possible Correlations between Seismo-Ionospheric Anomalies of GNSS Total Electron Content and Earthquake Energy

In this study, we conduct a correlation analysis between the daily occurrence times of the increase and decrease anomalies in the global total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere, and the daily earthquake energy release within 110–130°E longitude over the following three latitude regions: A: 13°S–0.5°S (22.3°S–10°S geomagnetic), B: 0.5°S–19.5°N (10°S–10°N geomagnetic), and C: 19.5°N–32.1°N (10°N–22.5°N geomagnetic). The TEC data from global ionosphere maps (GIMs) during earthquake events of M ≥ 2.5 that occurred in 2015–2018 are used in this study. The time series of daily seismic wave energy releases within the three regions and the daily occurrence times of the TEC anomalies in each GIM grid are computed. By time-shifting the time series, the correlations are calculated and compared globally, and the temporal characteristics are also examined. The disturbance storm time (Dst) index, planetary geomagnetic index Kp, and daily observed 10.7 cm solar flux (F10.7) are used to remove data associated with space weather variations. Although the seismo-ionospheric precursor is not confirmed by the statistical investigations, the greater occurrence times of TEC decrease anomalies are observed in the southeast in Region A, and the conjugate point 13 days prior to a M6.9 earthquake in Region A, which occurred on 5 August 2018, in accordance with the statistical results. Therefore, it is required to apply more parameters to understand the causes of the ionospheric TEC variations and investigate whether ionospheric variations are caused by earthquakes.
Kinematic patterning of flaps, taps and rhotics in English

Psychological researchers have found evidence for speech planning down to the syllable, with some evidence for planning at the level of the phoneme (Levelt, 1989) or feature (Bernhardt and Stemberger, 1998). Speech scientists who examine coarticulation argue for no speech planning (Saltzman and Munhall, 1989), or limited planning (Whalen, 1990). I provide evidence for subphonemic speech planning based on B/M ultrasound to measure tongue shape and motion, identifying four categorical variants of flap/taps (‘T’) in North American English, [alveolar taps ([Rl]), down-flaps ([R↘]), upflaps ([R↖]), and postalveolar taps ([R↔])], and two broad categories of rhotic vowels (‘R’) [tongue tip-up rhotics ([õ " ]) and tongue tip-down rhotics ([ô " ])], even across repetitions of the same utterance in identical phonetic contexts. I explain the pattern of variation in terms of hypothesized constraints on rapid articulation. These include articulatory conflicts (Gick and Wilson, 2006) between segments that require an articulator to be in two places at once, and the end-state comfort effect (Rosenbaum et al., 1992), where an articulator begins a complex sequence in an awkward position in order to end comfortably. Speakers who can repeat syllables quickly are more likely to avoid articulatory conflicts during normal speech production. Speakers who repeat syllables more slowly produce ‘T’ variants involving fewer changes in motion, sometimes forcing non-rhotic vowels in the middle of ‘T’ sequences to become rhotacized in exchange for canonical vowels at the end. These results provide evidence for planning across syllable, morpheme and word boundaries. Other hypothesized constraints on speech planning such as gravity and tissue elasticity are also examined, and demonstrate a mismatch between the number of ii distinct articulatory actions and the number of phoneme units in a given speech sequence. The results support a theory of subphonemic speech planning that takes into account potential upcoming articulatory conflicts, a person’s motor skills, and the effects of gravity and elasticity.
Midlife Urinary Phthalate Metabolite Concentrations and Prior Uterine Fibroid Diagnosis

Fibroid etiology is poorly understood but is likely hormonally mediated. Therefore, we evaluated associations between midlife phthalates (hormone-altering chemicals) and prior fibroid diagnosis, and considered differences by weight gain status. Women (ages: 45–54; n = 754) self-reported past fibroid diagnosis. We pooled 1–4 urines collected after fibroid diagnosis over the consecutive weeks to analyze nine phthalate metabolites and calculate relevant molar sums (e.g., di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, ΣDEHP; anti-androgenic phthalates, ΣAA; all metabolites, ΣPhthalates). Using Poisson regression, we evaluated associations between phthalate biomarkers and the risk of having fibroid diagnosis. We explored if associations differed by weight gain from age 18 to 45–54 or in women diagnosed with fibroids within 5 years of phthalate assessment. Our major finding was that women had a 13% (RR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.26) and 16% (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.31) greater risk of prior fibroid diagnosis for each two-fold increase in ΣDEHP or ΣAA, respectively. These associations were strongest in women who became overweight/obese from age 18 to 45–54 and in those diagnosed <5 years before phthalate assessment. Based on these results, prospective studies should corroborate our findings related to associations between phthalates and fibroids, and may consider evaluating the role that weight gain may play in these associations.
Enhanced Photo-Fenton Activity of SnO2/α-Fe2O3 Composites Prepared by a Two-Step Solvothermal Method

The x-SnO2/α-Fe2O3 (x = 0.04, 0.07, and 0.1) heterogeneous composites were successfully prepared via a two-step solvothermal method. These composites were systematically characterized by the X-ray diffraction technique, field emission scanning electron microscopy, an energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and a UV–visible spectrometer. It was found that SnO2 nanoparticles were uniformly decorated on the surface of α-Fe2O3 particles in these heterogeneous composites. A comparative study of methylene blue (MB) photodegradation by α-Fe2O3 and x-SnO2/α-Fe2O3 composites was carried out. All x-SnO2/α-Fe2O3 composites showed higher MB photodegradation efficiency than α-Fe2O3. When x = 0.07, the MB photodegradation efficiency can reach 97% in 60 min. Meanwhile, the first-order kinetic studies demonstrated that the optimal rate constant of 0.07-SnO2/α-Fe2O3 composite was 0.0537 min−1, while that of pure α-Fe2O3 was only 0.0191 min−1. The catalytic mechanism of MB photodegradation by SnO2/α-Fe2O3 was examined. The SnO2 can act as a sink and help the effective transfer of photo-generated electrons for decomposing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into active radicals. This work can provide a new insight into the catalytic mechanism of the photo-Fenton process.