Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimisations and Challenges Involved in the Creation of Various Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Influenza A Virus Strains for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

Bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A viruses offer new opportunities to study influenza virus replication, tropism and pathogenesis. To date, several influenza A reporter viruses have been described. These strategies typically focused on a single reporter gene (either bioluminescent or fluorescent) in a single virus backbone. However, whilst bioluminescence is suited to in vivo imaging, fluorescent viruses are more appropriate for microscopy. Therefore, the idea l reporter virus varies depending on the experiment in question, and it is important that any reporter virus strategy can be adapted accordingly. Herein, a strategy was developed to create five different reporter viruses in a single virus backbone. Specifically, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), far-red fluorescent protein (fRFP), near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP), Gaussia luciferase (gLUC) and firefly luciferase (fLUC) were inserted into the PA gene segment of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). This study provides a comprehensive characterisation of the effects of different reporter genes on influenza virus replication and reporter activity. In vivo reporter gene expression, in lung tissues, was only detected for eGFP, fRFP and gLUC expressing viruses. In vitro, the eGFP-expressing virus displayed the best reporter stability and could be used for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). This strategy was then used to create eGFP-expressing viruses consisting entirely of pandemic H1N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H7N9. The HPAI H5N1 eGFP-expressing virus infected mice and reporter gene expression was detected, in lung tissues, in vivo. Thus, this study provides new tools and insights for the creation of bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A reporter viruses.
EPIDEMIOLOGIE VON ANGSTSTÖRUNGEN

Zusammenfassung Angststorungen sind nach neueren epidemiologischen Studien ein haufiges und weit verbreitetes Phanomen in der Allgemeinbevolkerung. Sie gehoren neben Affektiven und Substanzstorungen zu den haufigsten psychischen Storungen in der Bevolkerung und wurden lange in ihrer gesundheitspolitischen Bedeutung unterschatzt. Angststorungen manifestieren sich erstmalig bereits wahrend der Kindheit, mit einer Hochrisikozeit fur das Erstauftreten einer Angststorung zwischen 10 und 25 Jahren. Jungere epidemiologische Arbeiten lassen zudem vermuten, dass das Ersterkrankungsalter in jungeren Altersgruppen vorruckt. Als soziodemografische Korrelate von Angststorungen haben sich vor allem Alter, Geschlecht, Familienstand und Bildungs-/beruflicher Status erwiesen. Andere Risikofaktoren wurden bislang weniger haufig auf der Basis von methodisch adaquaten Designs uberpruft, jedoch zeichnet sich hier ab, dass eine familiare Belastung mit psychischen Storungen (insbesondere mit Angststorungen), Behavioral Inhibition und belastende Lebensereignisse, wie z. B. sexueller Missbrauch, das Risiko fur eine Angststorung erhohen. Unklar ist die Spezifitat der Risikofaktoren, d.h. , inwieweit sich Risikofaktoren fur verschiedene Angststorungen oder fur Angststorungen in Abgrenzung zu anderen Storungen unterscheiden. Angststorungen gehen zudem mit einer hohen Komorbiditat, insbesondere mit Affektiven und alkoholbedingten Storungen, einher. Auch wenn Hinweise darauf vorliegen, dass fruhe Angststorungen moglicherweise kausale Risikofaktoren fur die Entwicklung einer sekundaren Depression darstellen, sind dringend weitere Forschungsbemuhungen notwendig, um die beobachtete Uberlappung von Angststorungen mit anderen psychischen Storungen in ihrer Bedeutung weiter aufzuklaren. Vor allem wird hier in Zukunft verstarkt der Einsatz von prospektiven Langsschnittuntersuchungen und reprasentativen Stichproben notig sein, um methodische Schwachen bisheriger Forschung zu uberwinden. Analysen zu Versorgungsaspekten zeigen, dass A ngststorungen als unterversorgt angesehen werden mussen. Nach neueren Schatzungen ist in Deutschland davon auszugehen, dass nur etwa die Halfte aller Personen, die an einer Angststorung leiden (12-Monats-Diagnose), irgendeine Art von Behandlungsangebot erhalten. Personen mit Angststorungen werden somit in unserem Gesundheitssystem langst nicht optimal versorgt, was mit unnotigem Leid fur die Betroffenen wie auch mit gesundheitsokonomischen Implikationen verbunden ist.
Theoretical Bitcoin Attacks with less than Half of the Computational Power (draft)

A widespread security claim of the Bitcoin system, presented in the original Bitcoin white-paper, states that the security of the system is guaranteed as long as there is no attacker in possession of half or more of the total computational power used to maintain the system. This claim, however, is proved based on theoretically flawed assumptions. In the paper we analyze two kinds of attacks based on two theoretical flaws: the Block Discarding Attack and the Difficulty Raising Attack. We argue that the current theoretical limit of attacker's fraction of total computational power essential for the security of the system is in a sense not $\frac{1}{2}$ but a bit less than $\frac{1}{4}$, and outline proposals for protocol change that can raise this limit to be as close to $\frac{1}{2}$ as we want. The basic idea of the Block Discarding Attack has been noted as early as 2010, and lately was independently though-of and analyzed by both author of this paper and authors of a most recently pre-print published paper. We thus focus on the major differences of our analysis, and try to explain the unfortunate surprising coincidence. To the best of our knowledge, the second attack is presented here for the first time.
Multiagent argumentation for cooperative planning in DeLP-POP

This contribution proposes a model for argumentation-based multi-agent planning, with a focus on cooperative scenarios. It consists in a multi-agent extension of DeLP-POP, partial order planning on top of argumentation-based defeasible logic programming. In DeLP-POP, actions and arguments (combinations of rules and facts) may be used to enforce some goal, if their conditions (are known to) apply and arguments are not defeated by other arguments applying. In a cooperative planning problem a team of agents share a set of goals but have diverse abilities and beliefs. In order to plan for these goals, agents start a stepwise dialogue consisting of exchanges of plan proposals, plus arguments against them. Since these dialogues instantiate an A* search algorithm, these agents will find a solution if some solution exists, and moreover, it will be provably optimal (according to their knowledge).
Single-Directional Property of Multivalued Maps and Variational Systems

Dontchev and Hager [Math. Oper. Res., 19 (1994), pp. 753-768] have shown that a monotone set-valued map defined from a Banach space to its dual which satisfies the Aubin property around a point $(x,y)$ of its graph is actually single-valued in a neighborhood of $x$. We prove a result which is the counterpart of the above for quasi-monotone set-valued maps, based on the concept of single-directional property. As applications, we provide sufficient conditions for this single-valued property to hold for the solution map of general variational systems and quasi-variational inequalities. We also investigate the single-directionality property for the normal operator to the sublevel sets of a quasi-convex function.
Validity of the FACIT-Sp to Assess Spiritual Well-Being in Elderly Patients

Among instruments measuring spiritual well-being, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual well-being (FACIT-Sp-12) is the most widely used instrument in research. It has been validated in patients suffering from cancer or HIV/AIDS, but has rarely been used in elderly patients. The objectives of this study were to determine the psychometric properties and suitability of the FACIT-Spto assess spiritual well-being in hospitalized elderly patients. This cross-sectional study uses a mixed method approach. Subjects were patients (N = 208), aged 65 years and older, consecutively admitted in post-acute rehabilitation. Psychometric properties of the FACIT-Sp were investigated. The internal structure of the FACIT-Sp (factor structure and internal consistency) was assessed. Convergent validity of the FACIT-Sp was assessed using the Spiritual Distress Assessment Tool (SDAT), the question “Are you at peace? ” and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Predictive validity was assessed using length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination. Understanding and interpretation of FACIT-Sp items were consecutively assessed in a sub-sample of 135 patients. Results show that FACIT-Sp scores ranged from 7 to 46 (mean 29.6 ± 7.8); 23.1% of the patients had high spiritual well-being. Cronbach’s α was good (0.85). Item-to-total correlations were all significant (0.34 to 0.73). Principal component analyses performed with 2 or 3 factors were only moderately consistent with previous work. FACIT-Sp correlated with SDAT, “Are you at peace? ” and GDS (Rho = -0.45, P < 0.001; 0.51, P < 0.001 and -0.38, P < 0.001). No association was found with LOS or discharge destination. Spontaneous comments about one or more FACIT-Sp items were made by 97/135 (71.9%). Specifically, items that address purpose and meaning in life were frequently found difficult to answer. Analyses suggest that the FACIT-Sp may underestimate spiritual well-being in older patients. In conclusion, despite having acceptable psychometric properties, the FACIT-Sp presents limitations for measurement of spiritual well-being in hospitalized elderly patients.
The Earliest Phases of Galaxy Evolution

In this paper we study the very early phases of the evolution of our Galaxy by means of a chemical evolution model that reproduces most of the observational constraints in the solar vicinity and in the disk. We have restricted our analysis to the solar neighborhood, and we present the predicted abundances of several elements (C, N, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, and Fe) over a more extended range of metallicities, [Fe/H]=-4.0 to [Fe/H]=0.0, than previous models. We adopt the most recent yield calculations for massive stars taken from two different works, and compare the results with a very large sample of data, one of the largest ever used for this purpose. We have obtained this data set by selecting the most recent and higher quality abundance data from a number of sources and renormalizing them to the same solar abundances. These data have been analyzed with a new and powerful statistical method that allows us to quantify the observational spread in measured elemental abundances and to obtain a more meaningful comparison with the predictions from our chemical evolution model. Our analysis shows that the "plateau" observed for the [α/Fe] ratios at low metallicities (-3.0<[Fe/H]<-1.0) is not perfectly constant, but shows a slope, especially for oxygen. This slope is very well reproduced by our model with both sets of yields. This is not surprising, since realistic chemical evolution models, taking stellar lifetimes into account in detail, never predicted a completely flat plateau. This is due either to the fact that massive stars of different mass produce a slightly different O/Fe ratio or to the often forgotten fact that supernovae of type Ia, originating from white dwarfs, already start appearing at a Galactic age of 30 Myr and reach their maximum at 1 Gyr. For lower metallicities (-4.0<[Fe/H]<-3.0), the two sets of adopted yields differ, especially for iron. In this range, the "plateau" is almost constant, since at such low metallicities there is almost no contribution from type Ia supernovae. However, there are not enough data in this domain to significantly test this point. Finally, we show the evolution with redshift of the [O/Fe] ratio for different cosmologies and conclude that a sharp rise of this ratio should be observed at high redshift, irrespective of the adopted yields. The same behavior is expected for the [O/Zn] ratio, which should be easier to compare with the abundances observed in high-redshift damped Lyα systems, since these elements are not likely to be affected by dust. Future measurements of either [α/Fe] or [α/Zn] ratios in very metal poor stars will be useful to infer the nature and the age of high-redshift objects.
Workplace Bullying: Curing the Cancer of the American Workplace

The purpose of this work is to investigate the phenomenon of workplace bullying. Particularly, it will investigate the hypothesis that supervisor/employee workplace bullying is an issue that has great weight in modern organizational dynamics, especially considering the increasingly tight labor market the United States finds itself in today. It further postulates that the business unit that bears the most responsibility to administer programs to address workplace bullying is the human resource function. The actions of this business unit (or lack of actions) in dealing with this phenomenon have tremendous implications for the organization. The method used to research these hypotheses was to conduct an extensive literature review on the subject. This included a sampling of thought from throughout the English-speaking world. The findings of this research concluded that a radically different type of supervisor/subordinate relationship is required in this era of an increasingly tight labor market; defined the consensus on the actual definition of what workplace bullying is, and is not; identified workplace bullying as a widespread phenomenon, and not a “red herring;” identified that workplace bullying has high costs to both the employee target, and the organization; described what motivates a supervisor to bully; revealed what types of organizations foster and perpetuate workplace bullying; identified the role of the human resources department in workplace bullying; and provided advice for human resource professionals as to what they can do to both address present bullying, and prevent an environment that could foster workplace bullies in the future.
P63 is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of a primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma

To the Editor, Primary cutaneous carcinosarcoma (PCC) is an infrequently reported biphasic tumor composed of intimately admixed epithelial and mesenchymal components both of which must be malignant. It is exceedingly rare to arise primarily in the skin with less than 45 cases cited in the literature to date. The dual pattern of differentiation of closely intermingled epithelial and mesenchymal elements is highly suggestive for PCC. However, it may not be readily apparent on histologic examination because of poor differentiation of either part or unequal proportion of the two cell populations. Hence, in difficult cases, immunohistochemical studies can be helpful in elucidating that two distinct patterns of stromal differentiation exist. Herein, we contribute to the limited literature on cutaneous carcinosarcomas with a further case and accentuate on the diagnostic relevance of six staining tools, p63 and p53 particularly. An 85-year-old woman with a history of squamous cell carcinoma presented with a tender erythematous exophytic, centrally ulcerated mass 2 3 1 cm on the anterior scalp of several months duration. No history of trauma or radiation therapy in the area could be elicited. After histologic diagnosis, a wider excision was performed with no residual neoplasm reported on the microscopic evaluation of the entire resection. No recurrence of disease was detected on follow up. On histology, a biphasic tumor was appreciated (Fig. 1A) – nests of pleomorphic basaloid cells with peripheral palisading and a retraction artifact between epithelial nests and surrounding mucinrich stroma [a characteristic pattern found in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs)] were blended imperceptibly within a heterogenous sarcomatous stroma. The latter consisted of hypercellular, pleomorphic spindle cell proliferation, multinucleated giant cells and atypical mitoses (fibrosarcomatous pattern) (Fig. 1B). In addition, focally calcified osteoid, rimmed by malignant osteoblasts was appreciated (osteosarcomatous pattern). Immunohistochemical analysis showed the carcinomatous part to be positive for keratin, Ki-67, p53 and p63 and negative for S-100 and high-molecular weight caldesmon (HCD). Sarcomatous cells were strongly p53 positive, as well as slightly positive for keratin and Ki-67, but failed to label p63, S-100 and HCD. On the basis of a typical histomorphology and immunohistochemistry revealing dual differentiation, the tumor was referred to as a PCC: nodular type BCC and fibrosarcoma/osteosarcoma.
Measurement of the high-energy all-flavor neutrino-nucleon cross section with IceCube

Abbasi, R. ; Ackermann, M. ; Adams, J.; Aguilar, J. A. ; Ahlers, M. ; Ahrens, M. ; Alispach, C. ; Alves, A. A. ; Amin, N. M. ; Andeen, K. ; Anderson, T. ; Ansseau, I; Anton, G. ; Arguelles, C. ; Axani, S. ; Bai, X. ; Balagopal, A. ; Barbano, A. ; Barwick, S. W. ; Bastian, B. ; Basu, Alakananda; Baum, Oliver; Baur, S. ; Bay, R. ; Beatty, J. J.; Becker, K-H; Tjus, J. Becker; Bellenghi, C. ; BenZvi, S. ; Berley, D. ; Bernardini, E. ; Besson, D. Z. ; Binder, G. ; Bindig, D. ; Blaufuss, E. ; Blot, S. ; Boeser, S. ; Botner, O. ; Boettcher, J.; Bourbeau, E. ; Bourbeau, J.; Bradascio, F. ; Braun, J.; Bron, S. ; Brostean-Kaiser, J.; Burgman, A. ; Busse, R. S. ; Koskinen, D. J.; Rameez, M. ; Stuttard, T. ; Icecube Collaboration
Efficient Large-Scale GPS Trajectory Compression on Spark: A Pipeline-Based Approach

Every day, hundreds of thousands of vehicles, including buses, taxis, and ride-hailing cars, continuously generate GPS positioning records. Simultaneously, the traffic big data platform of urban transportation systems has already collected a large amount of GPS trajectory datasets. These incremental and historical GPS datasets require more and more storage space, placing unprecedented cost pressure on the big data platform. Therefore, it is imperative to efficiently compress these large-scale GPS trajectory datasets, saving storage cost and subsequent computing cost. However, a set of classical trajectory compression algorithms can only be executed in a single-threaded manner and are limited to running in a single-node environment. Therefore, these trajectory compression algorithms are insufficient to compress this incremental data, which often amounts to hundreds of gigabytes, within an acceptable time frame. This paper utilizes Spark, a popular big data processing engine, to parallelize a set of classical trajectory compression algorithms. These algorithms consist of the DP (Douglas–Peucker), the TD-TR (Top-Down Time-Ratio), the SW (Sliding Window), SQUISH (Spatial Quality Simplification Heuristic), and the V-DP (Velocity-Aware Douglas–Peucker). We systematically evaluate these parallelized algorithms on a very large GPS trajectory dataset, which contains 117.5 GB of data produced by 20,000 taxis. The experimental results show that: (1) It takes only 438 s to compress this dataset in a Spark cluster with 14 nodes; (2) These parallelized algorithms can save an average of 26% on storage cost, and up to 40%. In addition, we design and implement a pipeline-based solution that automatically performs preprocessing and compression for continuous GPS trajectories on the Spark platform.
Classification and Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder using Swin Transformer

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Failure to receive timely treatment may seriously affect a child's physical and mental development. Early diagnosis of autism is crucial for treatment and recovery of normal development. Currently, MRI-assisted diagnosis methods for autism are increasingly available. However, due to the complexity of ASD lesions, it is still difficult to establish robust models. In CNN-based models, the detailed information may be lost due to the operations such as convolution and down-sampling. The potential of Transformer for image recognition makes it possible to overcome these limitations. In this paper, a multi-scale Transformer-based model for ASD classification is proposed. Specifically, a strong baseline based on Transformer is first constructed, and then two modules are carefully designed to enhance robust feature extraction from fMRI. The context-enhanced module is proposed to aggregate multi-scale feature information and enhance feature differentiation. The cross-patch module is introduced to rearrange patches via cross-shifting, and to further capture fine-grained local features. The model was trained and tested by fMRI from Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange dataset. The result of a 5-fold cross-validation shows that the accuracy reaches 78%. Our method can achieve a better classification performance in the assisted diagnosis of autism than conventional deep learning models.
Cremona Transformations and Degrees of Period Maps for $K3$ Surfaces with Ordinary Double Points

Let X be a K3 surface with n ordinary double points on which an ample line bundle . It' has been fixed. If p: S ~ X is the minimal desingularization, the orthogonal complement in H2(S, Z) of p*! I! and the rational curves p-! (P) (for P e Sing X) carries a Hodge structure with h2,o=ho,2=1 and h! '! =19-n. The period map for these surfaces is the natural map from the moduli space to the classifying space for such Hodge structures; this generalizes the classical period maps for polarized K3 surfaces [24]. In contrast to the classical case, these period maps, while always etale, tend to have degree greater than one. In this paper, we study this phenomenon for two particular kinds of K3 surfaces with ordinary double points: the "K3 surfaces of Cremona type" in which the degree of . It' is 2 and the branch locus of the induced map to p2 is irreducible, and the "K3 surfaces of Todorov type" whose study was begun in [20]; these latter surfaces arise as quotients of certain surfaces of general type constructed by Todorov [26]. (We omit one of the families of K3 surfaces of Todorov type here, as to consider it would take us too far afield.) Our main results are a computation of the degrees of the period maps (Corollaries (S.2) and (S.6», a demonstration that for our families, two K3 surfaces with the same periods are birationally (but not always biregularly) isomorphic (Theorem (6.1», and finally a consideration of the geometric consequences of these birational isomorphisms when the degree of .It' is small (Theorems (7.1), (7.3), and (8.S». The geometric consequences we find involve the behavior of sets of points in p2 or p3 under the Cremona group of birational automorphisms of p2 or p3 (hence the name "Cremona type"), and we obtain modern proofs of some classical results of Coble [3], [4], [S] on this topic. We should mention that Coble's work has recently been studied from a different point of view by Cossec and Dolgachev [8], [6], whose results we use in our interpretation.