Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Public Participation in Coastal and Marine Planning in the Arctic: Lessons from Iceland and Norway

Amid a changing global climate, Northern coastal communities face a variety of challenges to their livelihoods, which are dependent on marine resources. Marine spatial planning (MSP) provides opportunities for cooperation between authorities, stakeholders, and the public to ensure sustainable marine management. Public participation is a crucial element of coastal and marine planning for its long-term democratic legitimacy and sustainability. However, the process of MSP is often wrought with conflict and challenges of involving stakeholders and the public in decisions concerning an often-contested marine space. Whereas coastal zone planning (CZP) is well established in Norway and a reiteration of previous CZP was conducted 2020–23, MSP is new to Iceland, and has only recently been launched with its first pilot plans in 2019. This study investigates how participation in coastal and marine planning processes compare between Iceland and Norway and what lessons can be shared between them. Data were collected from two case studies in the Tromsø region in Norway and the Westfjords of Iceland through analysis of planning documentation, literature review, as well as participant observation in the Westfjords and 11 semi-structured interviews across both case studies. The results show that public participation is formally integral to both processes but, in practice, varies considerably. Both planning processes are driven by the expansion of the aquaculture industry, and a variety of issues faced during the planning process are similar. In Norway, public participation is politically desired and guided by a participation strategy emphasising synergies between expert and local knowledge. In the Tromsø region, meaningful public participation varied across municipalities and issues regarding Indigenous participation remain. In Iceland, there is little evident political expectation of public engagement, and the process is characterised by a passive approach to participation that aims to inform the public but does not include wider sharing of decision-making power. The findings do not only make clear that a revision of current public participation processes is needed in both case studies but also point towards wider issues in marine governance that have consequences for blue justice, such as the exclusion of groups in decision-making, lack of public discussion of marine issues and top–down governance supporting established power hierarchies.
Land-cover classification in SAR images using dictionary learning

Land-cover classification in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images has significance in both civil and military remote sensing applications. Accurate classification is a challenging problem due to variety of natural and man-made objects, seasonal changes at acquisition time, and diversity of image reconstruction algorithms. In this study, Feature Preserving Despeckling (FPD), which is an edge preserving total variation based speckle reduction method, is applied as a preprocessing step. To handle the mentioned challenges, a novel feature extraction schema combined with a super-pixel segmentation and dictionary learning based classification is proposed. Computational complexity is another issue to handle in processing of high dimensional SAR images. Computational complexity of the proposed method is linearly proportional to the size of the image since it does not require a sliding window that accesses the pixels multiple times. Accuracy of the proposed method is validated on the dataset composed of TerraSAR-X high resolutions spot mode SAR images.
Climate, trends and variability of extreme winds along the southwest coast of India

The extreme wind climate and its trends and variability of the southwest coast of India, particularly the Kerala coast, are investigated using hourly reanalysis wind speeds for the period 1979–2021. The observed maximum wind speed and 99th percentile wind speed off Kerala coast are 21.0 and 11.3 m·s−1, respectively. The predominant direction of high wind speeds is in the SW–WNW sector, which accounts for 93.5% of the total high winds. Extreme wind speeds in this region are not due to tropical cyclones alone, but also due to seasonal high winds. Seasonally, the premonsoon and SW monsoon extreme winds are predominantly in the WSW–WNW directional sector, while postmonsoon strong winds are present in all directional sectors, but predominantly in the SSW–WNW sector, followed by the E–SSE sector. The 99th percentile wind speeds during premonsoon, SW monsoon and postmonsoon are 8.8, 12.3 and 8.9 m·s−1, respectively. A significant decreasing trend is observed in the 99th percentile wind speeds during 1979–2021, ranging from 3 to 6 cm·s−1·year−1 off Kerala coast. This is in contrast with global increasing extreme wind speeds, and it can be attributed to regional variability as well as weakening of the land–sea thermal gradients associated with rising surface temperature in the Arabian Sea in the light of global warming. In addition to the long‐term declining trend and monthly as well as seasonal features, distinct interannual variations are also noticed in the 99th percentile wind speeds. Analysis shows that the atmospheric teleconnections associated with El Niño–La Niña events and Indian Ocean Dipole have an important role in the variability of extreme wind speeds. The co‐occurrence of positive (negative) IOD with El Niño (La Niña) results in a sharp decline (increase) in extreme wind speeds. Significant decadal variations are also noticed in the 99th percentile wind speeds.
Multi-temporal remote sensing study of spectral signatures of crops in the Thessaloniki test site

Abstract In the framework of a pilot project of the Commission of the European Community concerning the application of remote sensing techniques for agricultural statistics, a specific study of an area in Northern Greece is being carried out at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra. This study involves the use of multi-temporal TM and SPOT data, in order to combine the spatial resolution of SPOT with the spectral resolution of TM and to gain in flexibility for the choice of dates. This approach is expected to overcome ambiguities in the spectral definition of crops, but significant problems are introduced, due mainly to the different atmospheric conditions present at the various dates. A study of the effect of the various factors on the spectral response of the crops will help to define a classification criterion based on their phenological variation.
Numerical Simulation of in Situ Conversion of Continental Oil Shale in Northeast China

A numerical simulation of in situ conversion of continental oil shale in Northeast China was performed. Firstly, the transient temperature field of in situ conversion was calculated. Secondly, the apparent kinetic parameters from thermogravimetric experiments on continental oil shale were obtained. At last, the transformation rates of oil shale at different heating times were calculated applying apparent kinetic parameters to the heating rate obtained in the first step. The results demonstrated that continental oil shale needs to be heated for about 6–8 years to enable its conversion more than 90% under in situ retorting.
Synthesis and Characterization of PVA-Enzyme/GA/PANI-HCl Indicator Membrane Electrodes; PANI-p-toluentsulfonic acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE, SEM-EDX, XRD and FTIR Analysis

Research has been carried out on the indicator electrode PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9%/PPy+Sulfonic Acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE, the amorphous spectral pattern is greatly reduced for variations of the enzyme 0.6 g in 0.5 mL (50% water + 50% alcohol) . PVA-Enzyme/GA-2.9%/PPy+Sulfonic Acid/PVC-KTpClPB-o-NPOE indicator electrode, denoted As-1. Analysis of the linear curve of the As-1 sample with a sensitivity of 41.56 mV/decade, a detection range of 10-4 - 10-1 M and a detection limit of 10-4 M, R2 = 97.51 %. To increase the sensitivity, detection range, detection limit and confidence level of R2. Indicator electrodes were made with variations of the urease enzyme on PVA and o-NPOE variations on PVC-KTpClPB 61% and 66% and replacement of PANI conductive polymer. PANI conductive polymer was dissolved in hydrochloric acid HCl denoted PANI-HCl and p-toluensulfonic acid is denoted by PANI-p-toluensulfonic acid. SEM analysis shows that the morphology of S3 is greater than that of S2. Analysis of the cps/eV EDX voltage range is greater than S3 to S2. Analysis of the XRD intensity spectrum pattern on the 2theta diffraction angle is greater than S3 to S2. Likewise, the analysis of the %Transmittance FTIR spectrum pattern for wave numbers S3, S6, S8 is higher than S2. The best result according to material analysis is S3.
Abyssal carbon and radiocarbon in the Pacific

Vertical profiles of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Pacific show a well-defined concentration maximum at about 2.5-km depth due to oxidation and solution of particulate carbon from the surface. The ΣCO2 concentrations are inversely correlated with C14/C12 ratios (ΔC14 values), so that ΔC14 profiles have a mid-depth minimum but the absolute C14 concentration below 1.3 km is essentially constant. The ΣCO2 maximum is associated with a corresponding carbonate alkalinity maximum, and, in the South Pacific, with the deep oxygen minimum. In the North Pacific the O2 minimum lies above 1 km but the ΣCO2 and alkalinity maximum concentrations remain at about 2.5 km. The vertical profiles below the advective core of Intermediate Water are treated as stationary in the Eulerian sense, in a ‘z-diffusion water mass’ with vertical diffusion and advection, production from particulate flux, and radioactive decay. For a radioisotope, the mixing parameter K/w is obtained from salinity and/or potential temperature; the production or consumption ratio J/w is obtained from the stable isotope profile, and the upwelling velocity w from the profiles of absolute concentration of radioisotope. The ΣCO2 profiles in conjunction with geochemical estimates of the particulate flux also give a direct estimate of w ∼ 6 m/yr, consistent with estimates from various physical considerations. The CO2–O2 relationship approaches linearity only in the lowermost few hundred meters of the section because of the boundary-value effects. C14 profiles are consistent with w = 2 to 20 m/yr because of the scatter of individual measurements, but the observation that the concentration is essentially constant with depth gives w = 7 m/yr, K = 2 cm2/sec. Horizontal variations of C14 in bottom water are treated for a flowing open system affected by vertical diffusion from above, particulate flux or consumption, and radioactive decay. From 60°S to 40°N, at 3.5-km depth the absolute C14 concentration is constant, and the observed 50‰ decrease in ΔC14 is due to the increase in ΣCO2. The C14 concentration at all depths below 1.3 km and at all latitudes is constant because the production of C14 by particulate transport is approximately equal to the radioactive decay rate. Thus the vertical C14 gradient vanishes, and there is no vertical diffusive flux of radiocarbon. However, downward diffusion of stable carbon from the ΣCO2 maximum dilutes the specific activity of bottom water and constitutes a source of ‘dead carbon’ in the sea, which is continually added from above along any horizontal trajectory. The specific activity changes are therefore not the result of a ‘closed-system’ flow time as has previously been assumed in deriving bottom water flow velocities and do not give a direct record of elapsed flow time.
INNOVACIÓN RURAL. Categorías de pueblos innovadores en el contexto rural europeo

This paper is part of the PhD thesis on European rural depopulation, whose focus is to make visible the innovations that occur in this environment, and use them as an input to revitalize other towns. Measurement parameters in relation to rural innovation are scarce, so they are "built" following the steps: categorization, conceptualization, sizing, indicators and indices. The scope of this article is the categorization and conceptualization of rural innovations. Starting from the hypothesis "Knowing the individual strengths of innovative peoples, will allow their categorization", it is established as an objective to determine the categories of innovative peoples and know how many exist? As a result, five types of categories were found: culture, public management, recovery of built heritage, rural tourism and agricultural developments. From this new order in the rural world will be able to establish measurement parameters to formulate the pre-structure of an innovative rural village. Keywords: rural depopulation, rural innovation, categories of rural innovation, conceptualization of rural innovations. La presente ponencia forma parte de la Tesis doctoral en relación a la despoblación rural europea, cuyo enfoque es hacer visibles las innovaciones que ocurren en este medio, y utilizarlas como insumo para revitalizar otros pueblos. Los parámetros de medición en relación a la innovación rural son escasos, por lo que se “construyen” siguiendo los pasos: categorización, conceptualización, dimensionamiento, indicadores e índices. El alcance de este artículo es la categorización y la conceptualización de las innovaciones rurales. Partiendo de la hipótesis “Conocer las fortalezas individuales de los pueblos innovadores, permitirá su categorización”, se establece como objetivo determinar las categorías de pueblos innovadores y saber ¿Cuántas existen? Como resultado, se encontraron cinco tipos de categorías: cultura, gestión pública, recuperación del patrimonio construido, turismo rural y desarrollos agrícolas. A partir de este nuevo orden en el mudo rural se podrán establecer parámetros de medición para formular la pre-estructura de un pueblo rural innovador. Palabras clave: despoblación rural, innovación rural, categorías de innovación rural, conceptualización de innovaciones rurales.
In situ stress state in the Nankai accretionary wedge estimated from borehole wall failures

We constrain the orientations and magnitudes of in situ stress tensors using borehole wall failures (borehole breakouts and drilling‐induced tensile fractures) detected in four vertical boreholes (C0002, C0001, C0004, and C0006 from NW to SE) drilled in the Nankai accretionary wedge. The directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress (SHmax), indicated by the azimuths of borehole wall failures, are consistent in individual holes, but those in C0002 (margin‐parallel SHmax) are nearly perpendicular to those in all other holes (margin‐normal SHmax). Constrained stress magnitudes in C0001 and C0002, using logged breakout widths combined with empirical rock strength derived from sonic velocity, as well as the presence of the drilling‐induced tensile fractures, suggest that the stress state in the shallow portion of the wedge (fore‐arc basin and slope sediment formations) is predominantly in favor of normal faulting and that the stress state in the deeper accretionary prism is in favor of probable strike‐slip faulting or possible reverse faulting. Thus, the stress regime appears to be divided with depth by the major geological boundaries such as unconformities or thrust faults. The margin‐perpendicular tectonic stress components in the two adjacent sites, C0001 and C0002, are different, suggesting that tectonic force driven by the plate pushing of the Philippine Sea plate does not uniformly propagate. Rather, the stress field is inferred to be influenced by additional factors such as local deformation caused by gravitation‐driven extension in the fore arc and thrusting and bending within individual geologic domains.
The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation Inferred from the Forced Climate Response in Coupled General Circulation Models

Abstract Instrumental sea surface temperature records in the North Atlantic Ocean are characterized by large multidecadal variability known as the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO). The lack of strong oscillatory forcing of the climate system at multidecadal time scales and the results of long unforced climate simulations have led to the widespread, although not ubiquitous, view that the AMO is an internal mode of climate variability. Here, a more objective examination of this hypothesis is performed using simulations with natural and anthropogenic forcings from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) database. Ensemble means derived from these data allow an estimate of the response of models to forcings, as averaging leads to cancellation of the internal variability between ensemble members. In general, the means of individual model ensembles appear to be inconsistent with observed temperatures, although small ensemble sizes result in uncertainty in this conclusion. Combining the .
Movement and Aggregation of Eastern Hudson Bay Beluga Whales ( Delphinapterus leucas ): A Comparison of Patterns Found through Satellite Telemetry and Nunavik Traditional Ecological Knowledge

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) consists of the collective knowledge, experience, and values of subsistence communities, while Western science relies on hypothesis testing to obtain information on natural processes. Both approaches provide important ecological information, but few studies have directly compared the two. We compared information on movements and aggregation of beluga whales obtained from TEK interview records (n = 3253) and satellite telemetry records of 30 whales tagged in eastern Hudson Bay, Canada, using geographic information system (GIS) approaches that allowed common formatting of the data sets. Estuarine centres of aggregation in the summer were evident in both data sets. The intensive use of offshore areas seen in the telemetry data, where 76% of the locations were more than 15 km from mainland Quebec, was not evident in the TEK data, where only 17% of the records indicated offshore locations. Morisita’s index of similarity indicated that TEK and telemetry data distributions varied with season, with the highest similarity in winter (0.74). Location and movement data from the telemetry study were limited by small sample size and short tag deployment times, while TEK data were biased by spatial coverage and coastal travel habits. Although the two data sets can provide complementary information, both suffer from weaknesses that need to be acknowledged when these data are adapted for use in resource management.
SENSITIVITY OF CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF INFECTIOUS-INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN MAXILLOFACIAL SOFT TISSUES TO ANTIBIOTICS

The aim of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of pathogens causing infectious and inflammatory diseases in soft tissues within the maxillofacial region to antibiotics. The study was performed on 282 clinical isolates collected from patients. The sensitivity of the microorganisms to antibiotics was evaluated based on the EUCAST committee quality control standards. The variability in the sensitivity of microorganisms isolated from patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial soft tissues to antibiotics has been determined. Representatives of the genus Staphylococcus exhibit high sensitivity to vancomycin, fluoroquinolones and lincosamides. At the same time, they are characterized by the lowest sensitivity to aminglicosites and penicillins. Enterococcus spp. has high sensitivity to tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, showing the lowest results with penicillins and carbapenems. Streptococcuss spp. viridans-group show low sensitivity to penicillins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, and lincosamides, while maintaining high sensitivity to glycopeptides. Low sensitivity of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial soft tissues to antibacterial drugs of different groups has been revealed. The study has shown e significant variation in the sensitivity of isolates to antibiotics commonly used in clinical practice and recommended by the EUCAST quality committee, suggesting the prospects for their use.
Tree seedling shade tolerance arises from interactions with microbes and is mediated by functional traits

Shade tolerance is a central concept in forest ecology and strongly influences forest community dynamics. However, the plant traits and conditions conferring shade tolerance are yet to be resolved. We propose that shade tolerance is shaped not only by responses to light but also by a species’ defense and recovery functional traits, soil microbial communities, and interactions of these factors with light availability. We conducted a greenhouse experiment for three temperate species in the genus Acer that vary in shade tolerance. We grew newly germinated seedlings in two light levels (2% and 30% sun) and controlled additions of microbial filtrates using a wet-sieving technique. Microbial filtrate treatments included: <20 µm, likely dominated by pathogenic microbes; 40-250 µm, containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); combination, including both filtrate sizes; and sterilized combination. We monitored survival for nine weeks and measured fine root AMF colonization, hypocotyl phenolics, stem lignin, and stem+root nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) at three-week intervals. We found that differences in seedling survival between low and high light only occurred when microbes were present. AMF colonization, phenolics, and NSC generally increased with light. Phenolics were greater with <20 µm microbial filtrate, suggesting that soil-borne pathogens may induce phenolic production; and NSC was greater with 40-250 µm filtrate, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi may induce NSC production. Across species, microbe treatments, and light availability, survival increased as phenolics and NSC increased. Therefore, shade tolerance may be explained by interactions among soil-borne microbes, seedling traits, and light availability, providing a more mechanistic and trait-based explanation of shade tolerance and thus forest community dynamics.