Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Wetlands Rise and Fall in the Changjiang River Source Region to Climatic Change

The Changjiang River Source Region is located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in the north of Tanggula Mountain.Because the direct impact of human activities is limited,critical information can be found from the inter-related climate change and wetlands rise and fall.The impacts of climate change on the wetlands of the Changjiang River can be reflected.According to Gray correlation analysis,it can be found that evaporation plays an dominant role in the rise and fall of the total area of wetlands compared to other climatic factors,followed by the impact of precipitation.Climate in summer affects the rise and fall of wetlands more prominently than that in other seasons.The Changjiang River has a tendency of temperature rise,precipitation increase,and evaporation decrease,and it has a warm and humid trend since 1990.Its annual precipitation has been declining and its annual evaporation has an increasing trend in the 21st century.These are the significant driving forces for the rise and fall of wetlands.According to the remote sensing analysis,the total area of wetlands in the Changjiang River Source Region was increased by 353.22 km2,and the annual average increasing rate was 35.32 km2/a during 1990-2000,while it was reduced by 20.57 km2 during 2000-2004.These two periods showed the close relations between wetlands rise and fall and corresponding climate change.
An economic analysis of ‘Fishing Down Marine Food Web' at the fleet scale: the case of French fleets exploiting the Bay of Biscay fisheries

In many fisheries around the world, the so-called fishing down marine food webs phenomenon is observed. Such modifications were identified in the groundfish communities of the Bay of Biscay, from trawling surveys. Important changes in the structure of landings of the Bay of Biscay have occurred with changes in their ecological characteristics as decrease of the trophic level, of the maximal length, decrease in the mean characteristic latitude. Despite these changes, the total value of the production seemed greatly influenced by inter-annual price fluctuations of fish species, which could be explained by the evolution of marketing conditions for fishes. These fluctuations entailed changes in fishing strategies which to some extent probably also contributed to the change in the structure of landings. This paper addresses the potential economic consequences of long-term changes in marine fish communities, interpreted through the fishing down marine food webs phenomenon, but at the fleet scale, using disaggregated data (vessel level). Hence, fishermen behaviour is analysed from costs and landings value by species. Panel data analysis is conducted from 1994 to 2005 on a monthly basis for fishing units exploiting the groundfish communities of the Bay of Biscay. JEL Classification : C15 Simulation Methods, C81 Microeconomic Data, D21 Firm Behaviour, D24 Production, Q22 Fishery id34959484 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software a great PDF writer! a great PDF creator! http://www.pdfmachine. com http://www.broadgun. com pdfMachine Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine. Get yours now!
Bayesian Network Models for PTSD Screening in Veterans

The prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has gained a lot of interest in clinical studies. Identifying patients with a high risk of PTSD can guide mental healthcare workers when making treatment decisions. The main goal of this paper is to propose several Bayesian network (BN) models to assess the probability that a veteran has PTSD when first visiting a U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) facility seeking medical care. The current practice is to use a five-question test called PC-PTSD-5. We aim to use the PC-PTSD-5 test, which is currently administered to most incoming new patients, and demographic information, military service history, and medical history. We construct a Bayes information criterion score-based BN, a group L2-regularized BN (GL2-regularized BN), and a naïve Bayes BN to assess the probability that a patient has PTSD. The GL2-regularized BN is a new method for constructing a BN motivated by some of the challenges of analyzing this data set. A secondary goal is to identify which features are important in predicting PTSD. We discover that the following features help compute the probability of PTSD: PC-PTSD-5, service-connected flag, combat flag, agent orange flag, military sexual trauma flag, traumatic brain injury, and age. History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science & Machine Learning. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2021.0174 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0174 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github. io/ .
Reconstruction of interannual variability of NEP using a process‐based model (InTEC) with climate and atmospheric records at Fluxnet‐Canada forest sites

Reconstruction of interannual variability of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests provides an important approach to analyse impacts of future climate change on global carbon (C) cycling. However, lacking climate data at sufficient temporal scales constrains NEP simulation and the potential of monthly climate data in modelling annual NEP remains largely poorly understood. In this study, annual NEP at 12 Fluxnet‐Canada forest sites (93 site‐year) was simulated using a process‐based Integrated Terrestrial Ecosystem C‐budget (InTEC) model driven by forest inventory data, site‐level meteorological measurements, site‐specific indicators, and remote sensing observations. Our results indicate that the InTEC model can capture the first order of interannual NEP variability with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.84 (p < 0.001) between simulated and measured NEP, providing a significant opportunity to reconstruct long‐term climate change on forest C dynamics using only available monthly historical climate records. The usefulness of model simulation was further evaluated at three post‐clearcut chronosequences Douglas‐fir stands of British Columbia, suggesting that the Douglas‐fir ecosystem would remain a C source for 15–20 years after clearcut and the maximum annual NEP may occur at the age around 50.
Evaluating quantum yield and ultraviolet–visible reflectance in baby pumpkins: Implications for oviposition behavior of pumpkin fruit flies

Frugivorous insects utilize both olfactory and visual cues to locate their host plants. Although volatiles have been extensively studied for detecting infested fruits, the role of visual cues in oviposition site selection remains mostly unknown among frugivorous insects. To investigate physiological changes in a host plant, we measured the quantum yield and reflectance of three wavelengths of light (350, 450 and 520 nm) after puncturing the surfaces of commercially grown pumpkins using insect pins during two different seasons outdoors. Quantum yields did not show significant differences between undamaged and simulated oviposition sites. Two wavelengths within the visual spectrum were similar between the two treatments. However, photon counts at 350 nm, in the ultraviolet range, were 1.76 fold higher in simulated oviposition sites than in undamaged sites, which was consistently observed across three field seasons. Considering that frugivorous insects and other phytophagous insects recognize the 350 nm wavelength for host identification and oviposition, we conclude that the disparities in ultraviolet reflectance can serve as a baseline for assessing the actual oviposition response of fruit flies. This finding contributes to the role of visual cues in the oviposition behavior of frugivorous insects and the development of a nondestructive detection method for pumpkin fruit flies.
Lower Limb Joint Torque Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory Network and Gaussian Process Regression

The accurate prediction of joint torque is required in various applications. Some traditional methods, such as the inverse dynamics model and the electromyography (EMG)-driven neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) model, depend on ground reaction force (GRF) measurements and involve complex optimization solution processes, respectively. Recently, machine learning methods have been popularly used to predict joint torque with surface electromyography (sEMG) signals and kinematic information as inputs. This study aims to predict lower limb joint torque in the sagittal plane during walking, using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model and Gaussian process regression (GPR) model, respectively, with seven characteristics extracted from the sEMG signals of five muscles and three joint angles as inputs. The majority of the normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) values in both models are below 15%, most Pearson correlation coefficient (R) values exceed 0.85, and most decisive factor (R2) values surpass 0.75. These results indicate that the joint prediction of torque is feasible using machine learning methods with sEMG signals and joint angles as inputs.
The Construction of the Self-Induced Sal System and Its Application in Salicylic Acid Production

The design and construction of more complex and delicate genetic control circuits suffer from poor orthogonality in quorum sensing (QS) systems. The Sal system, which relies on salicylic acid as a signaling molecule, is an artificially engineered regulatory system with a structure that differs significantly from that of natural QS signaling molecules. Salicylic acid is an important drug precursor, mainly used in the production of drugs such as aspirin and anti-HIV drugs. However, there have been no reports on the construction of a self-induced Sal system in single cells. In this study, a high-copy plasmid backbone was used to construct the regulatory proteins and a self-induced promoter of salicylic acid in E. coli by adjusting the precise regulation of key gene expression; the sensitivity and induction range of this system were improved. Subsequently, the exogenous gene pchBA was introduced in E. coli to extend the shikimate pathway and synthesize salicylic acid, resulting in the construction of the first complete self-induced Sal system. Finally, the self-induced Sal System was combined with artificial trans-encoded sRNAs (atsRNAs) to repress the growth-essential gene ppc and accumulate the precursor substance PEP, thereby increasing the titer of salicylic acid by 151%. This construction of a self-induced artificial system introduces a new tool for selecting communication tools and induction systems in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, but also demonstrates a self-inducible pathway design strategy for salicylic acid biosynthesis.
Sustaining aspen productivity in the Lake States

Sustaining forest productivity requires maintaining soil productivity. Manage- ment activities that decrease soil porosity and remove organic matter can reduce productivity. We determined effects of three levels of organic matter removal (OMR) and soil compaction on aspen regeneration and growth following winter harvest of aspen- dominated stands in northern Minnesota, western Upper Michigan, and northern lower Michigan. The OMR treatments were merchantable bole harvest (MBH), total tree harvest (TTH), and total woody vegetation harvest plus forest floor removal (FFR). Compaction treatments were applied to increase surface soil bulk density by either 0, 15, or 30%. Sucker density increased with level of OMR on all three sites. On the sand site, mean diameter, height, and biomass were greatest with MBH and decreased with increasing OMR, indicating a potential decline in productivity with repeated total tree harvesting on sand soils. Soil compaction tended to increase mean sucker diameter and height on the sand, and decrease them on the fine-textured soils. Compaction greatly reduced sucker density and growth on the most productive silt-loam site, partially due to late spring treatment. These results apply to planning of operational harvest of aspen- dominated stands on similar soils throughout the northern Great Lakes region.
Direct Observation of In-Focus Plasmonic Cargos via Breaking Angular Degeneracy in Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

Breaking the angular degeneracy arising from the 2-fold optical symmetry of plasmonic anisotropic nanoprobes is critical in biological studies. In this study, we propose differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy-based focused orientation and position imaging (dFOPI) to break the angular degeneracy of single gold nanorods (AuNRs). Single in-focus AuNRs (39 nm × 123 nm) within a spherical mesoporous silica shell were characterized with high throughput and produced distinct doughnut-shaped DIC image patterns featuring two lobes in the peripheral region, attributed to the scattering contribution of the AuNRs with large scattering cross sections. Interestingly, rotation of the lobes was observed in the focal plane for a large AuNR (>100 nm) tilted by more than ∼20° from the horizontal plane as the rotational stage was moved by 10° in a rotational study. From the rotation-dependent characteristic patterns, we directly visualized counterclockwise/clockwise rotations without the angular degeneracy at the localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength. Therefore, our dFOPI method can be applied for in vivo studies of important biological systems. To validate this claim, we tracked the three-dimensional rotational behavior of transferrin-modified in-focus AuNRs during clathrin-mediated endocytosis in real time without sacrificing the temporal and spatial resolution. In the invagination and scission stage, one or two directed twist motions of the AuNR cargos detached the AuNR-containing vesicles from the cell membrane. Furthermore, the dFOPI method directly visualized and revealed the right-handed twisting action along the dynamin helix in dynamin-catalyzed fission in live cells.
Immune activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor: implications in neuroinflammation

Despite structural similarity with other tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members, the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR, TNFR16) mediates pleiotropic biological functions not shared with other TNFRs. The high level of p75NTR expression in the nervous system instead of immune cells, its utilization of co-receptors, and its interaction with soluble dimeric, rather than soluble or cell-tethered trimeric ligands are all characteristics which distinguish it from most other TNFRs. Here, we compare these attributes to other members of the TNFR superfamily. In addition, we describe the recent evolutionary adaptation in B7-1 (CD80), an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily member, which allows engagement to neuronally-expressed p75NTR. B7-1-mediated binding to p75NTR occurs in humans and other primates, but not lower mammals due to specific sequence changes that evolved recently in primate B7-1. This discovery highlights an additional mechanism by which p75NTR can respond to inflammatory cues and trigger synaptic elimination in the brain through engagement of B7-1, which was considered to be immune-restricted. These observations suggest p75NTR does share commonality with other immune co-modulatory TNFR family members, by responding to immunoregulatory cues. The evolution of primate B7-1 to bind and elicit p75NTR-mediated effects on neuronal morphology and function are discussed in relationship to immune-driven modulation of synaptic actions during injury or inflammation.
Learning for Life: A Cross-National Analysis Comparing Education with Other Determinants of Infant Mortality

Notwithstanding extensive improvements over the last decades, infant mortality (IM) still shows huge – and increasing – disparities across the world. This paper compares various paradigms (education, growth, dependency, demographic factors) used to explain this blatant inequality. The paradigm focusing on education emerges as particularly corroborated. A wide series of education indicators are considered and contrasted, vis-a-vis several measures of mortality. The main education indicators seem to have a significant impact on IM, though some of them – in particular, variables taking account of gender – are particularly momentous. The education-IM relation does not change, whatever the indicator used to measure mortality. What is more, the education-IM relation works at both low and high levels of infant mortality, and is limitedly affected by the geographical and cultural-religious context. All in all, with regards to infant/child mortality reduction, education emerges more as a ‘stand-alone’ paradigm than just as an auxiliary variable.
Prospective quantitative des dynamiques urbaines: Enjeux, obstacles et leviers de la ville " post-carbone "

This study presents the technological, organizational and macroeconomic contexts of the six transition scenarios to post carbon cities as defined in the program "Repenser des villes dans une societe post-carbone" (CGDD-ADEME) . The results illustrate the need to act quickly to deal with the inertia of urban systems to allow a greater emissions reduction by 2050, and higher average growth over the next 50 years. For example, the introduction of a faster carbon tax allows a higher emission reduction of nearly 20 points and higher growth rate around 0.05 points. However, the pace of government action is not the only important variable. Acting on price signals only cannot achieve the goal of reducing emissions by a factor four by 2050. Actions on the price of carbon should be accompanied by measures of infrastructure (housing, transportation, energy production) , but also norms that affect urban form (urban tolls, densification). Finally, rethinking development patterns seems necessary to establish a post-carbon society. Economic tools as used in this report can highlight the objectives, but can hardly trace the path to achieve them. The transition to a post-carbon society must be guided by the entire scientific community, whether in the field of innovation technology or social sciences.
A Two-Level Fusion Framework for Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection

Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPSs) generate cyber and physical data whose joint elaboration can provide insight into ICPSs' operating conditions. Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection (CPAD) addresses the joint analysis of cyber and physical threats through multi-source and multi-modal data analysis. CPAD is often tailored to specific anomaly types and may use opaque deep learning models, impairing flexibility and explainability. In light of these challenges, we propose a two-level fusion framework for modeling and deploying CPAD in distributed ICPSs. The first detector-level fusion involves deploying CPAD detectors to several distributed ICPS segments and training them through data/decision fusion techniques with historical cyber-physical data. When the distributed ICPS is operational, thus collecting new cyber-physical data, ICPS segments' trained CPAD detectors provide pieces of evidence that go through the second ensemble-level fusion, for which we propose an explainable decision fusion technique based on Time-Varying Dynamic Bayesian networks. The evaluation involves the comprehensive application of the framework to a real hardware-in-the-loop case-study in a laboratory environment. The proposed ensemble-level fusion outperforms the state-of-the-art decision fusion techniques while providing explainable results.
From mobile ADCP to high-resolution SSC: a cross-section calibration tool

Sediment is a major cause of stream impairment, and improved sediment monitoring is a crucial need. Point samples of suspended-sediment concentration (SSC) are often not enough to provide an understanding to answer critical questions in a changing environment. As technology has improved, there now exists the opportunity to obtain discrete measurements of SSC and flux while providing a spatial scale unmatched by any other device.
Stratigraphic record and palaeogeographical context of the Neogene basins in the Betic Cordillera, Spain

The Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain) acquired its present configuration during the Neogene. The formation, evolution and total or partial destruction of Neogene sedimentary basins were highly controlled by the geodynamic situations and the positions of the basins in the Betic Cordillera. It is impossible to reconstruct the geometry of basins formed during the Early and Middle Miocene, concurrently with the westward drift of the Internal Zones, because in many cases only small outcrops remain. The basins formed on the mobile substratum (the Internal Zones) are characterized by a sedimentary infill made up of synorogenic deposits, which were intensely deformed towards the end of the Middle Miocene, and which were heavily eroded before the beginning of the Late Miocene. In the External Zones, deposition mainly took place in the North Betic Strait, an area across which there was wide communication between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which received huge olistostromic masses in its more mobile sector (the foredeep basin), and which evolved differently in its eastern and western sectors. The palaeogeography of the Cordillera changed radically at the beginning of the Late Miocene, when the westward drift of the Internal Zones ceased. During this time the North Betic Strait disappeared and, in what had been its northwestern half approximately, the Guadalquivir Basin became individualized. This basin, which was located between the Betic Chain and the emerged Hercynian Massif, acquired a structure similar to that of the present basin and its extension was also similar to that of the present Neogene outcrops. mountain chain, reaching a development and size in this Cordillera much greater than in other Alpine chains. These basins are characterized by their thick infills, which are unconformable on the folded and deformed substratum, and which can be subdivided according to the different movements of the fault sets that controlled their evolution. Intramontane basins became individualized in the recently formed and progressively emerged mountain chain, reaching a development and size in this Cordillera much greater than in other Alpine chains. These basins are characterized by their thick infills, which are unconformable on the folded and deformed substratum, and which can be subdivided according to the different movements of the fault sets that controlled their evolution.