Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards mobility-based clustering

Identifying hot spots of moving vehicles in an urban area is essential to many smart city applications. The practical research on hot spots in smart city presents many unique features, such as highly mobile environments, supremely limited size of sample objects, and the non-uniform, biased samples. All these features have raised new challenges that make the traditional density-based clustering algorithms fail to capture the real clustering property of objects, making the results less meaningful. In this paper we propose a novel, non-density-based approach called mobility-based clustering. The key idea is that sample objects are employed as "sensors" to perceive the vehicle crowdedness in nearby areas using their instant mobility, rather than the "object representatives". As such the mobility of samples is naturally incorporated. Several key factors beyond the vehicle crowdedness have been identified and techniques to compensate these effects are proposed. We evaluate the performance of mobility-based clustering based on real traffic situations. Experimental results show that using 0.3% of vehicles as the samples, mobility-based clustering can accurately identify hot spots which can hardly be obtained by the latest representative algorithm UMicro.
Can I Recognize My Body's Weight? The Influence of Shape and Texture on the Perception of Self

The goal of this research was to investigate women's sensitivity to changes in their perceived weight by altering the body mass index (BMI) of the participants' personalized avatars displayed on a large-screen immersive display. We created the personalized avatars with a full-body 3D scanner that records the participants' body geometry and texture. We altered the weight of the personalized avatars to produce changes in BMI while keeping height, arm length, and inseam fixed and exploited the correlation between body geometry and anthropometric measurements encapsulated in a statistical body shape model created from thousands of body scans. In a 2 × 2 psychophysical experiment, we investigated the relative importance of visual cues, namely shape (own shape vs. an average female body shape with equivalent height and BMI to the participant) and texture (own photo-realistic texture or checkerboard pattern texture) on the ability to accurately perceive own current body weight (by asking the participant, “Is it the same weight as you? ”). Our results indicate that shape (where height and BMI are fixed) had little effect on the perception of body weight. Interestingly, the participants perceived their body weight veridically when they saw their own photo-realistic texture. As compared to avatars with photo-realistic texture, the avatars with checkerboard texture needed to be significantly thinner in order to represent the participants' current weight. This suggests that in general the avatars with checkerboard texture appeared bigger. The range that the participants accepted as their own current weight was approximately a 0.83% to − 6.05% BMI change tolerance range around their perceived weight. Both the shape and the texture had an effect on the reported similarity of the body parts and the whole avatar to the participant's body. This work has implications for new measures for patients with body image disorders, as well as researchers interested in creating personalized avatars for games, training applications, or virtual reality.
Teaching Music: Managing the Successful Music Program

Acknowledgments. Preface To The Second Edition. PART ONE: THE MUSIC EDUCATOR AS AN ADMINISTRATOR. 1. The Role of the Music Educator. 2. The Music Educator as a Leader. PART TWO: THE TEACHER AND THE STUDENT. 3. Motivation and The Student. 4. So You Got The Job! Now What? PART THREE: WITHIN THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT. 5. Effective Music Budget Procedures. 6. Housing and Equipment. 7. Scheduling. 8. The Music Library. 9. Assessing and Grading Music Performance. PART FOUR: OUTSIDE THE SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT. 10. Contests and Festivals: Friend or Foe? 11. Public Relations. 12. Parents" Organizations and Fund-Raising. PART FIVE: TOWARD BROADER HORIZONS. 13. Historical Influences on Music Education. 14. Toward a Philosophy of Music Education. Appendixes. Bibliography. Index.
HIV/AIDS - Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Sexual Practices among Migrant Wives in Rural Anhui Province, China.

BACKGROUND Migrant wives have been increasing in some poor rural regions of China and they may bridge HIV transmission across regions. This study aimed to assess HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices among this population in rural Anhui Province, China. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted with questionnaire of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and sexual practices between June 2011 and May 2012. A total of 730 migrant wives and 207 local women were enrolled in this study. Unpaired T-test, Chi-square was utilized to compare the difference of HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes and sexual practices between migrant wives and local women. RESULTS Around 80% of the migrant wives were from Yunnan, Guizhou, or Sichuan Provinces. The main sources of HIV/AIDS information were TV/radio, posters, and newspapers/periodicals. HIV/AIDS knowledge level among migrant wives was significantly lower than that among local women (e.g. 47.1% vs 57.0% (p<0.001) answered "Yes" for the question "Can an apparently healthy person be HIV-infected? "), and stigma and prejudice towards HIV/AIDS among migrant wives were more common than those among local women (e.g. 73.2% vs 65.7% (p=0.006) answered "No" for the question "If a shopkeeper or food seller had the HIV, would you buy food from them? "). Compared to local women, migrant wives were more likely to have ever had sex during menstruation (6.8% vs 3.4%, p=0.065) and extramarital sex (17.5% vs 10.1%, p=0.01), and were less likely to consistently use condoms with their husbands (45.8% vs 57.5%, p<0.001) or extramarital sex partners (48.8% vs 58.95, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Migrant wives in rural China had a low HIV/AIDS knowledge level and high prevalence of stigma and prejudice and risky sexual behaviors. Local HIV/AIDS prevention programs should target this neglected population.
Everett and evidence

Much of the evidence for quantum mechanics is statistical in nature. Relative frequency data summarizing the results of repeated experiments is compared to probabilities calculated from the theory; close agreement between the observed relative frequencies and calculated probabilities is taken as evidence in favour of the theory. The Everett interpretation, if it is to be a candidate for serious consideration, must be capable of doing justice to this sort of reasoning. Since, on the Everett interpretation, all outcomes with nonzero amplitude are actualized on dierent branches, it is not obvious that sense can be made of ascribing probabilities to outcomes of experiments, and this poses a prima facie problem for statistical inference. It is incumbent on the Everettian either to make sense of ascribing probabilities to outcomes of experiments in the Everett interpretation, or to find a substitute on which the usual statistical analysis of experimental results continues to count as evidence for quantum mechanics, and, since it is the very evidence for quantum mechanics that is at stake, this must be done in a way that does not presuppose the correctness of Everettian quantum mechanics. This requires an account of theory conrmation that applies to branching-universe theories but does not presuppose the correctness of any such theory. In this paper, we supply and defend such an account. The account has the consequence that statistical evidence can confirm a branching-universe theory such as Everettian quantum mechanics in the same way in which it can confirm a non-branching probabilistic theory.
Vehicular Mechanical Condition Determination Using Acoustic Signal Ms

In this paper we will determine the mechanical condition of vehicle by using acoustic or sound signals. Here we will determine wheather mechanical condition of vehicle is good or bad. As well as we can estimate the traffic density on road also. Cumulative sound signals consist of various noises coming from various part of vehicles which includes rotational parts, vibrations in the engine, friction between the tires and the road, exhausted parts of vehicles, gears, etc. Noise signals are tire noise, engine noise, engine-idling noise, occasional honks, and air turbulence noise of multiple vehicles. These noise signals contains spectral content which are different from each other, therefore we can determine the mechanical condition of vehicle. For example, under a good condition of vehicle, the vehicles typically having the smooth audio and very less engine ideling noise. Here we uses SVM and ANN classifiers.
A review of the current business rates scheme in Wales and the effects of a potential local retention

The shape of local government finance in the United Kingdom is changing. The UK Government has been promoting fiscal devolution in the context of austerity following the 2007 global economic crisis. Consequently, local government finance is becoming an increasingly important issue. According to the current regulation, the revenues from business rates, a local tax on non-domestic properties, are pooled to the Welsh Government and then redistributed to the councils, based on their adult population. In the context of fiscal devolution, and following England and Scotland, which adopted retention of business rates income, the discussion for the local retention of business rates revenues in Wales is topical. This paper looks at the organisation of the current business rates system in Wales and the impacts of a potential local retention. It provides a rigorous review of the current state of business rates scheme and the features of the councils according to the net difference between business rates, settlements and contributions. The findings suggest that the current system financially backs the economically disadvantaged Welsh councils, whereas a local retention of business rates income would possibly polarise the uneven allocation of local funding.
Executive Functions and the Interaction Between Category Learning Systems

Research on the cognitive processes underlying category learning provides evidence for two separate learning systems. A verbal system learns rule-defined (RD) categories and a nonverbal system learns non-rule-defined (NRD) categories. The objective of my dissertation is to explore the interaction between these systems. The verbal system is dominant in that adults tend to use it during initial learning but may switch to the nonverbal system when the verbal system is unsuccessful. The nonverbal system has traditionally been thought to operate independently of executive functions, but recent studies suggest that executive functions may be used to facilitate the transition away from the verbal system. Study 1 investigated whether executive functions play similar roles across systems and which, if any, components of executive functions are most important for the verbal and nonverbal systems. The components of executive functions were associated with both types of category learning but played different roles within each system. Study 2 compared the effects of a temporary and continuous executive function disruption for each system. When executive functions were continuously unavailable, the transition to the nonverbal system was hindered, providing evidence that executive functions are needed to transition between systems. For the verbal system, temporary and continuous interference had similar effects, illustrating that any executive function disruption is detrimental to the verbal system. Studies 3 and 4 experimentally manipulated the interaction between systems. Manipulating the order in which categories were learned affected the initial strengths of the
STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS: I. Calcium and Phosphorus Studies on a Case of Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism

In order to determine, if possible, the exact train of events which lead to a rise in the serum calcium following the injection of a potent parathyroid extract, we undertook the present series of investigations. The subject of this study was an Italian boy on whom the diagnosis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism was made. The criteria on which such a diagnosis can be based will be discussed below. The injection of a potent parathyroid extract results in four wellestablished changes and any theory as to the action of a parathyroid extract will have to take cognizance of these four cardinal points. They are: a. Rise in serum calcium (1). b. Rise in urinary calcium excretion (2) (3) (4). c. Fall in serum phosphorus (5). d. Rise in urinary phosphorus excretion (2) (3). Removal of the parathyroid glands results in the converse changes, i.e., a. Fall in the serum calcium. b. Fall in the urinary calcium excretion. c. Rise in the serum phosphorus. d. Fall in urinary phosphorus excretion. In addition Albright, Bauer, Ropes, and Aub (3) emphasize the fact that on administration of parathormone, the increase in urinary phosphorus excretion tends to precede the increase in calcium excretion. They further point out that the increased phosphorus appearing in
Islamophobia and Media Portrayals of Muslim Women: A Computational Text Analysis of US News Coverage

Rochelle Terman ‡ Post-­‐‐Doctoral Fellow, Center for International Security & Cooperation Stanford University Pre-­‐‐proof draft Forthcoming in International Studies Quarterly Accepted: 11 Feb 2017 Replication Materials: https://github.com/rochelleterman/worlds-­‐‐women Abstract This article draws on the theory of gendered orientalism to examine portrayals of Mus-­‐‐ lim women in U.S. news media. I test two hypotheses concerning the quantity and sub-­‐‐ stance of coverage. First, US news coverage of women abroad is driven by confirmation bias, whereby journalists are more likely to report on women living in Muslim and Middle Eastern countries if their rights are violated, but will report on women in other societies when their rights are respected. Second, stories about Muslim women empha-­‐‐ size the theme of women’s rights violations and gender inequality, even for countries with relatively good records of women’s rights. Stories about non-­‐‐Muslim women, on the other hand, emphasize other topics. I test these hypotheses against new data from 35 years of New York Times and Washington Post reporting using novel computational methods. The results suggest that U.S. news media propagate the perception that Mus-­‐‐ lims are distinctly sexist, which in turn may shape public attitudes towards Muslims as well as policies that involve Muslims at home and abroad.
Beyond procedural justice : responding to intergroup-level authority decisions

i Acknowledgements . ii Table of contents . iii List of tables . vii List of figures . ix List of abbreviations . xi CHAPTER 1: Thesis overview . 1 CHAPTER 2: Authorities and procedural justice . 6 Legitimate power of authorities . 7 Encountering authorities . 11 Motivations to submit to authority’s power . 11 Procedural justice and authority legitimacy . 14 Distributive justice versus procedural justice . 18 Relational models of procedural justice . 19 The group-value model and relational model of authority . 20 The group engagement model . 21 Does procedural justice affect identity? 22 Conclusion . 25 CHAPTER 3: Towards an intergroup-level understanding of responses to authority decisions . 27 From individuals to groups: The social identity approach . 28 Fairness through the lens of social identity . 32 The group-level analysis . 33 The intergroup-level analysis . 35 The present research . 39 CHAPTER 4: To be loyal is to protect the group from disfavouring outcomes from authorities . 44 Responding to the authority decisions: Individualversus group-level . 45 Ingroup loyalty . 46 Overview of hypotheses . 47 The present studies . 48
Interspeci c reciprocity explains mobbing behaviour of the breeding chaf nches , Fringilla coelebs

When prey animals discover a predator close by, they mob it while uttering characteristic sounds that attract other prey individuals to the vicinity. Mobbing causes a predator to vacate its immediate foraging area, which gives an opportunity for prey individuals to continue their interrupted daily activity. Besides the increased bene ts, mobbing behaviour also has its costs owing to injuries or death. The initiator of mobbing may be at increased risk of predation by attracting the predator’s attention, especially if not joined by other neighbouring prey individuals. Communities of breeding birds have always been considered as temporal aggregations. Since an altruist could not prevent cheaters from exploiting its altruism in an anonymous community, this excluded any possibility of explaining mobbing behaviour in terms of reciprocal altruism. However, sedentary birds may have become acquainted since the previous non-breeding season. Migrant birds, forming anonymous communities at the beginning of the breeding season, may also develop closer social ties during the course of the breeding season. We tested whether a male chaf nch, a migrant bird, would initiate active harassment of a predator both at the beginning of the breeding season and a week later when it has become a member of a non-anonymous multi-species aggregation of sedentary birds. We expected that male chaf nches would be less likely to initiate a mob at the beginning of the breeding season when part of an anonymous multi-species aggregation of migratory birds. However, their mobbing activity should increase as the breeding season advances. Our results support these predictions. Cooperation among individuals belonging to different species in driving the predator away may be explained as interspeci c reciprocity based on interspeci c recognition and temporal stability of the breeding communities.
Becoming a Strategic Leader: Your Role in Your Organization's Enduring Success

Preface.Acknowledgments. The Authors.Introduction. 1. What Is Strategic Leadership? 2. Strategic Thinking.3. Strategic Acting.4. Strategic Influence.5. Strategic Leadership Teams.6. Making Strategy a Learning Process in Your Organization.7. Becoming a Strategic Leader.Appendix A: Strategic Driver Paired-Voting Form.Appendix B: STRAT: Strategic Team Review and Action Tool.Appendix C: STRAT Items and the Learning Process.Appendix D: Using STRAT to Develop Your SLT.Appendix E: STRAT Norm Data.References. Index. About the Center for Creative Leadership.
Virtual Community Attraction: Why People Hang Out Online

Understanding the attraction of virtual communities is crucial to organizations that want to tap into their enormous information potential. Existing literature theorizes that people join virtual communities to exchange information and/or social support. Theories of broader Internet use have indicated both entertainment and searching for friendship as motivational forces. This exploratory study empirically examines the importance of these reasons in assessing why people come to virtual communities by directly asking virtual community members why they joined. The responses to the open-ended question “Why did you join? ” were categorized based upon the reasons suggested in the literature. Across 27 communities in 5 different broad types, 569 different reasons from 399 people indicated that most sought either friendship or exchange of information, and a markedly lower percent sought social support or recreation. The reasons were significantly dependent on the grouping of the communities into types. In all the community types information exchange was the most popular reason for joining. Thereafter, however, the reason varied depending on community type. Social support was the second most popular reason for members in communities with health/wellness and professional/occupational topics, but friendship was the second most popular reason among members in communities dealing with personal interests/hobbies, pets, or recreation. These findings suggest that virtual community managers should emphasize not only the content but also encourage the friendship and social support aspects as well if they wish to increase the success of their virtual community.
Threshold Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth: Is Africa Different?

ABSTRACT This study examines nonlinearities in the inflation-growth nexus in Africa. The study employs a novel dynamic panel threshold regression method developed by Kremer et al. [(2013). Inflation and growth: New evidence from a dynamic panel threshold analysis. Empirical Economics, 44, 861–878. doi:10.1007/s00181-012-0553-9] that extends Hansen’s [(1999). Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels: Estimation, testing, and inference. Journal of Econometrics, 93, 345–368. doi:10.1016/S0304-4076(99)00025-1] non-dynamic panel threshold model as well as Caner and Hansen [(2004). Instrumental variable estimation of a threshold model. Econometric Theory, 20, 813–843. doi:10.1017/S0266466604205011] cross-sectional threshold model to deal with potential endogeneity problems. The findings of this study confirm a non-linear relationship between inflation and economic growth in Africa. More specifically, the results show that the inflation threshold values are 6.7% for the whole sample, 9% for the sub-sample of low-income countries and 6.5% for middle-income countries. The regression results suggest that relatively lower level of inflation appears to be in favor of higher economic growth only in African middle-income countries. However, inflation rate beyond a certain threshold is more likely to be detrimental to economic growth for all the cases. These results are robust by considering additional control variables and using three-year averages of the data. The findings of this study may be useful to African monetary policymakers as they decide on inflation targets to adopt to avoid the detrimental effects of high inflation while reaping the growth benefits of low inflation.