Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decreased Intracranial Pressure Elevation and Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow Resistance: A Potential Mechanism of Hypothermia Cerebroprotection Following Experimental Stroke

Background: Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) occurs 18–24 h after ischaemic stroke and is implicated as a potential cause of early neurological deterioration. Increased resistance to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow after ischaemic stroke is a proposed mechanism for ICP elevation. Ultra-short duration hypothermia prevents ICP elevation 24 h post-stroke in rats. We aimed to determine whether hypothermia would reduce CSF outflow resistance post-stroke. Methods: Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed, followed by gradual cooling to 33 °C. At 18 h post-stroke, CSF outflow resistance was measured using a steady-state infusion method. Results: Hypothermia to 33 °C prevented ICP elevation 18 h post-stroke (hypothermia ∆ICP = 0.8 ± 3.6 mmHg vs. normothermia ∆ICP = 4.4 ± 2.0 mmHg, p = 0.04) and reduced infarct volume 24 h post-stroke (hypothermia = 78.6 ± 21.3 mm3 vs. normothermia = 108.1 ± 17.8 mm3; p = 0.01). Hypothermia to 33 °C did not result in a significant reduction in CSF outflow resistance compared with normothermia controls (0.32 ± 0.36 mmHg/µL/min vs. 1.07 ± 0.99 mmHg/µL/min, p = 0.06). Conclusions: Hypothermia treatment was protective in terms of ICP rise prevention, infarct volume reduction, and may be implicated in CSF outflow resistance post-stroke. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the mechanisms of ICP elevation and hypothermia treatment.
ATF6-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Facilitates Adeno-associated Virus 2 (AAV2) Transduction by Releasing the Suppression of the AAV Receptor on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

The native function of the AAVR as an ER-Golgi localized protein is largely unknown. We showed that AAVR acted as a functional molecule to regulate UPR signaling under induced ER stress. ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is extensively used as a viral vector to deliver therapeutic genes during human gene therapy. A high-affinity cellular receptor (AAVR) for most serotypes was recently identified; however, its biological function as a gene product remains unclear. In this study, we used AAVR knockdown cell models to show that AAVR depletion significantly attenuated cells to activate unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways when exposed to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer, tunicamycin. By analyzing three major UPR pathways, we found that ATF6 signaling was most affected in an AAVR-dependent fashion, distinct from CHOP and XBP1 branches. AAVR capacity in UPR regulation required the full native AAVR protein, and AAV2 capsid binding to the receptor altered ATF6 dynamics. Conversely, the transduction efficiency of AAV2 was associated with changes in ATF6 signaling in host cells following treatment with different small molecules. Thus, AAVR served as an inhibitory molecule to repress UPR responses via a specificity for ATF6 signaling, and the AAV2 infection route involved the release from AAVR-mediated ATF6 repression, thereby facilitating viral intracellular trafficking and transduction. IMPORTANCE The native function of the AAVR as an ER-Golgi localized protein is largely unknown. We showed that AAVR acted as a functional molecule to regulate UPR signaling under induced ER stress. AAVR inhibited the activation of the transcription factor, ATF6, whereas receptor binding to AAV2 released the suppression effects. This finding has expanded our understanding of AAV infection biology in terms of the physiological properties of AAVR in host cells. Importantly, our research provides a possible strategy which may improve the efficiency of AAV-mediated gene delivery during gene therapy.
Estimation of tire–road friction coefficient and its application in chassis control systems

Knowledge of tire–road friction conditions is indispensable for many vehicle control systems. In particular, friction information can be used to enhance the performance of wheel slip control systems, for example, knowledge of the current maximum coefficient of friction would allow an anti-lock brake system (ABS) controller to start braking with the optimal brake pressure, meaning the early cycles of operation are more efficient, resulting in shorter stopping distances. Also, from a passive safety perspective, it may be useful to present the driver with friction information so they can adjust their driving style to the road conditions. Hence, it is highly desirable to estimate friction using existing onboard vehicle sensor information. Many approaches for estimating tire–road friction estimation have been proposed in the literature with different sensor requirements and relative excitation levels. This paper aims at estimating the tire–road friction coefficient by using a well-defined model of the tire behavior. The model adopted for this purpose is the physically based brush tire model. In its simplest formulation, the brush model describes the relationship between the tire force and the slip as a function of two parameters, namely, tire stiffness and the tire–road friction coefficient. Knowledge of the shape of the force–slip characteristics of the tire, possibly obtained through the estimation of both friction and tire stiffness using the brush model, provides information about the slip values at which maximum friction is obtained. This information could be used to generate a target slip set point value for controllers, such as an ABS or a traction control system. It is also important to realize that a model-based approach is inherently limited to providing road surface friction information when the tire is exposed to an excitation with high utilization levels (i.e. under high-slip conditions). To be of greatest use to active safety control systems, an estimation method needs to offer earlier knowledge of the limits. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, an integrated approach using an intelligent tire-based friction estimator and the brush tire model-based estimator is presented. An integrated approach gives us the capability to reliably estimate friction for a wider range of excitations (both low-slip and high-slip conditions).
Lyophilised Platelet-Rich Fibrin: Physical and Biological Characterisation

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has gained popularity in craniofacial surgery, as it provides an excellent reservoir of autologous growth factors (GFs) that are essential for bone regeneration. However, the low elastic modulus, short-term clinical application, poor storage potential and limitations in emergency therapy use restrict its more widespread clinical application. This study fabricates lyophilised PRF (Ly-PRF), evaluates its physical and biological properties, and explores its application for craniofacial tissue engineering purposes. Material and methods: A lyophilisation method was applied, and the outcome was evaluated and compared with traditionally prepared PRF. We investigated how lyophilisation affected PRF’s physical characteristics and biological properties by determining: (1) the physical and morphological architecture of Ly-PRF using SEM, and (2) the kinetic release of PDGF-AB using ELISA. Results: Ly-PRF exhibited a dense and homogeneous interconnected 3D fibrin network. Moreover, clusters of morphologically consistent cells of platelets and leukocytes were apparent within Ly-PRF, along with evidence of PDGF-AB release in accordance with previously reports. Conclusions: The protocol established in this study for Ly-PRF preparation demonstrated versatility, and provides a biomaterial with growth factor release for potential use as a craniofacial bioscaffold.
Semi-Elemental and Elemental Formulas for Enteral Nutrition in Infants and Children with Medical Complexity—Thinking about Cow’s Milk Allergy and Beyond

Children with medical complexities, such as multi-system disorders and/or neurological impairments, often experience feeding difficulties and need enteral nutrition. They frequently have impaired motility and digestive–absorbing functions related to their underlying condition. If a cow’s milk allergy (CMA) occurs as a comorbidity, it is often misdiagnosed, due to the symptoms’ overlap. Many of the commercialized mixtures intended for enteral nutrition are composed of partially hydrolyzed cow’s milk proteins, which are not suitable for the treatment of CMA; thus, the exclusion of a concomitant CMA is mandatory in these patients for obtaining symptoms relief. In this review, we focus on the use of elemental and semi-elemental formulas in children with neurological diseases and in preterm infants as clinical “models” of medical complexity. In children with neurodisabilities, when gastrointestinal symptoms persist despite the use of specific enteral formula, or in cases of respiratory and/or dermatological symptoms, CMA should always be considered. If diagnosis is confirmed, only an extensively hydrolyzed or amino-acid based formula, or, as an alternative, extensively hydrolyzed nutritionally adequate formulas derived from rice or soy, should be used. Currently, enteral formulas tailored to the specific needs of preterm infants and children with neurological impairment presenting concomitant CMA have not been marketed yet. For the proper monitoring of the health status of patients with medical complexity, multidisciplinary evaluation and involvement of the nutritional team should be promoted.
Thermoplastics and Photopolymer Desktop 3D Printing System Selection Criteria Based on Technical Specifications and Performances for Instructional Applications

With the advancement of additive manufacturing technologies in their material processing methodologies and variety of material selection, 3D printers are widely used in both academics and industries for various applications. It is no longer rare to have a portable and small desktop 3D printer and manufacture your own designs in a few hours. Desktop 3D printers vary in their functions, prices, materials used, and applications. Among many desktop 3D printers with various features, it is often challenging to select the best one for target applications and usages. In this paper, commercially available and carefully selected thermoplastic and photopolymer desktop 3D printers are introduced, and some representative models’ specifications and performances are compared with each other for user selection with respect to instructional applications. This paper aims to provide beginner-level or advanced-level end-users of desktop 3D printers with basic knowledge, selection criteria, a comprehensive overview of 3D printing technologies, and their technical features, helping them to evaluate and select the right 3D printers for a wide range of applications.
Predictors of Development of Hepatorenal Syndrome in Hospitalized Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a type of acute kidney injury (AKI), occurring in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and is associated with high mortality. We aim to describe the predictors associated with the development of HRS in cirrhotic patients with AKI. We retrospectively analyzed 529 cirrhotic patient encounters with AKI across all Northwell Health institutions between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018. We performed multivariate analyses to determine independent predictors of development of HRS. Alcoholic cirrhosis was the most common identified etiology of cirrhosis. The mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Scorewas18 (±7). Ascites was the most commonly identified clinical feature of portal hypertension. Infection was identified in 38.4% of patients with urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis being the most common. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis occurred in 5.9% of patients. The most common cause of AKI was pre-renal. Hepatorenal syndrome was identified in 9.8% of patient encounters. Predictors of HRS were history of ascites, serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dL, albumin <3 g/dL, bilirubin >2 mg/dL and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. We demonstrate strong predictors for the development of HRS which can aid clinicians to attain an early diagnosis of HRS, leading to prompt and targeted management and improving outcomes.
Dual-quaternion-based finite-time control for spacecraft tracking in six degrees of freedom

This article investigates the tracking control problem for the six-degree-of-freedom motion of a follower spacecraft relative to a leader spacecraft. Employing dual quaternion representation, the model of the six-degree-of-freedom relative motion between the two spacecraft is derived. Taking into account the model uncertainties and external disturbances, two robust fast sliding mode control laws are proposed to guarantee the finite-time convergence of the tracking errors, where the second control law can solve the dual-equilibrium problem that exists in the first one. In order to alleviate chattering phenomenon, continuous saturation function is introduced into the controller and a softening control strategy is developed. It is worth pointing out that the convergence rate of the proposed fast sliding mode control is faster than that of the linear sliding mode control and terminal sliding mode control. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Molecular Basis of Epstein–Barr Virus Latency Establishment and Lytic Reactivation

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer. Like other herpesviruses, it establishes an asymptomatic, life-long latent infection, with occasional reactivation and shedding of progeny viruses. During latency, EBV expresses a small number of viral genes, and exists as an episome in the host–cell nucleus. Expression patterns of latency genes are dependent on the cell type, time after infection, and milieu of the cell (e.g., germinal center or peripheral blood). Upon lytic induction, expression of the viral immediate-early genes, BZLF1 and BRLF1, are induced, followed by early gene expression, viral DNA replication, late gene expression, and maturation and egress of progeny virions. Furthermore, EBV reactivation involves more than just progeny production. The EBV life cycle is regulated by signal transduction, transcription factors, promoter sequences, epigenetics, and the 3D structure of the genome. In this article, the molecular basis of EBV latency establishment and reactivation is summarized.
Deep Learning-Based Pest Surveillance System for Sericulture

Every year sericulture farmers lose a sizeable amount of revenue because of pest attacks on silkworms. In 2011 the annual production of silk is fall by about 50% because of pest attacks [1]. To prevent these losses constant monitoring of the environment is required. But this constant surveillance can’t be achievable by manual labour force but it can be achievable by using deep learning techniques. This article presents a deep learning system that is trained and tested for detecting invasive species which can cause harm to silkworms such as Oecophylla smargdina, Vespa orientalis, Sycanus collaris, Hierodulla bipapilla, Canthecona furcellata, Blepharipa zebina and Apanteles glomeratus.
Slicing large programs to isolate reusable functions

The identification of reusable assets in existing systems is an important problem to be solved to spread software reuse. This paper presents a method to identify functional abstractions in existing code. Program slicing is used to isolate the external functions of a system and these are then decomposed into more elementary components by intersecting slices. The method is applied in a case study and the results obtained tend to show that it produces satisfactory results for communicationally or sequentially cohesive modules. The work described in this paper forms part of the RE/sup 2/ project, aiming at spreading the reuse of software through the exploration of reverse engineering and re-engineering techniques to identify, and extract reusable parts from existing systems. <<ETX>>
A linearly polarized radial-line slot-array antenna with a broadened beam

The beam shaping of a linearly polarized radial-line slot-array (LP RLSA) antenna is demonstrated with the production of a prototype with a broadened main beam pointed in an arbitrary direction. The method of synthesis is presented, which utilizes a simple but accurate radiation model for the RLSA antenna to predict radiation characteristics. Experimental results for a Ku-band LP RLSA antenna manufactured using the described techniques show good agreement with the theoretically predicted performance. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design of GA-Based Control for Electrical Servo Drive

An alternative control scheme including a directional genetic algorithm controller (DGAC) and a supervisory controller is developed to control the position of an electrical servo drive in this study. In the DGAC design, the spirit of gradient descent training is embedded in genetic algorithm (GA) to construct a main controller to search optimum control effort under possible occurrence of uncertainties. In order to ensure the system states around a defined bound region, a supervisory controller, which is derived in the sense of Lyapunov stability theorem, is added to adjust the control effort. Compared with enunciated GA control methods, the proposed control scheme possesses some salient advantages of simple framework, fewer executing time and good self-organizing properties even for nonlinear dynamical system. The effectiveness is demonstrated by simulation results, and its advantages are indicated in comparison with other GA control schemes for a field-oriented control induction motor drive.
Vaccination against Cancer or Infectious Agents during Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has substantially increased the overall survival of cancer patients and has revolutionized the therapeutic situation in oncology. However, not all patients and cancer types respond to ICI, or become resistant over time. Combining ICIs with therapeutic cancer vaccines is a promising option as vaccination may help to overcome resistance to immunotherapies while immunotherapies may increase immune responses to the particular cancer vaccine by reinvigorating exhausted T cells. Thus, it would be possible to reprogram a response with appropriate vaccines, using a particular cancer antigen and a corresponding ICI. Target populations include currently untreatable cancer patients or those who receive treatment regimens with high risk of serious side effects. In addition, with the increased use of ICI in clinical practice, questions arise regarding safety and efficacy of administration of conventional vaccines, such as influenza or COVID-19 vaccines, during active ICI treatment. This review discusses the main principles of prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines, the potential impact on combining therapeutic cancer vaccines with ICI, and briefly summarizes the current knowledge of safety and effectiveness of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines in ICI-treated patients.
Blur-Robust Nuclei Segmentation for Immunofluorescence Images

Automated nuclei segmentation from immunofluorescence (IF) microscopic image is a crucial first step in digital pathology. A lot of research has been devoted to develop novel nuclei segmentation algorithms to give high performance on good quality images. However, fewer methods were developed for poor-quality images like out-of-focus (blurry) data. In this work, we take a principled approach to study the performance of nuclei segmentation algorithms on out-of-focus images for different levels of blur. A deep learning encoder-decoder framework with a novel Y forked decoder is proposed here. The two fork ends are tied to segmentation and deblur output. The addition of a separate deblurring task in the training paradigm helps to regularize the network on blurry images. Our proposed method accurately predicts the instance nuclei segmentation on sharp as well as out-of-focus images. Additionally, predicted deblurred image provides interpretable insights to experts. Experimental analysis on the Human U2OS cells (out-of-focus) dataset shows that our algorithm is robust and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
PROJECTING AN INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE - SHAPING A COMMUNITY

The classification of building information is often seen as a key enabler for interoperability and a common information infrastructure in the sector. This paper studies how a community develops an infrastructure using standards and classification. It takes issue with inclusion/exclusion of actors and analyzes relations between the technical and the social. The paper draws on a longitudinal case study of three attempts to create a classification and standards for interoperability of building information within a particular socio-material community – the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) community in Denmark. This involved examining the interdependencies between human and material elements in the two failed attempts – embodied in a series of socio-material ruptures and conflicts – along with the third, ongoing attempt of designing a standard for building information classification, property data, information levels and metrics. Our analysis shows the crucial role played by the technical approaches to classification in mobilising support and excluding social players in the endeavour to develop this information infrastructure. The contribution of this paper lies in extending our understanding of information infrastructure as a socio-material community.
ANALISI DELLA SODDISFAZIONE SUL LAVORO TRAMITE UN MODELLO AD EQUAZIONI STRUTTURALI

1. Introduzione Il tema della valutazione nelle universita e stato introdotto nel sistema della formazione superiore in Italia dalle Leggi 168/89 e 537/93. Si tratta di leggi che prevedono, tra l’altro, forme di controllo interno sull’efficienza e sui risultati (efficacia interna ed esterna) della gestione degli atenei. In questo contesto, sia per rispondere a quesiti di corretto impiego delle risorse sia per verificare la validita dei percorsi formativi offerti, negli ultimi anni sono stati proposti e realizzati diversi progetti di valutazione della qualita della formazione universitaria misurata in termini di efficienza e di efficacia. Se si fa riferimento all’efficacia esterna, il «successo» dei giovani in possesso di un titolo di studio universitario puo essere anche visto come la possibilita di affermarsi nel mondo del lavoro. In proposito si deve sottolineare che il conseguimento di una laurea e importante non solo per ottenere un lavoro e magari in tempi rapidi ma anche per raggiungere determinati obiettivi in termini di guadagno, carriera, acquisizione di professionalita, ecc. Nel contesto della valutazione, come gia detto, hanno preso avvio negli ultimi anni molteplici progetti, tra i quali uno di particolare rilievo e senza dubbio il progetto AlmaLaurea: si tratta essenzialmente di una banca dati di laureati e diplomati del sistema universitario italiano orientata ad agevolare l’inserimento lavorativo dei giovani laureati e colmare il divario esistente tra offerta di personale qualificato e domanda dello stesso da parte del mercato del lavoro: in tale ambito viene condotta anche un’indagine volta a rilevare l’iter lavorativo dei laureati e dei diplomati del sistema universitario italiano quale strumento di analisi dell’efficacia interna ed esterna delle strutture formative universitarie 1 .