Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between their Risks of Falling and Functional Independence Levels of Elders Living at Home

Background: The increase in the elderly population is accompanied by several changes and problems associated with old age. Objective: This study aims to identify the relationship between the risks of falling and functional independence levels of elders living at home. Methods: A total of 600 elders aged 65 years or above registered to 12 family health centers located in a city center in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey participated in the research. A personal information form, the Modified Barthel Index, and the Falls Behavioral Scale for the Elderly were used as the data collection tools in the research. By using the Statistical Package for Social Science 22.0, the collected data were evaluated with descriptive tests, arithmetic means, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, the Pearson correlation analysis, and the linear regression analysis. Results: It was found that the elderly had a mean age of 72.0±5.99 years, and 0.8% of them were severely dependent, whilst 79.3% of them were fully independent. Furthermore, it was identified that 30.3% of the elderly had a history of falling in the previous year. The correlation between the mean scores obtained by the elders from the Modified Barthel Index and Falls Behavioral Scale for the Elderly was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Even if there was no statistically significant relationship between the functional independence levels of elderly living at home and their risks of falling, advanced age increased functional dependence and decreased risky behaviors leading to falls.
Jupiter and Saturn's Unique Flow Structures Extracted from Cloud Images by Using Optical Flow Method

The high-resolution velocity fields are extracted from the cloud images of the Jupiter’s Great Red Spot and the Saturn’s North Pole hurricane by using the physics-based optical flow method. The flow structures of these unique large-scale vortices in the planetary atmospheres are analyzed. The capability of the optical flow method for tracking planetary cloud images is demonstrated. 1. Introduction The atmospheres on Jupiter and Saturn contain unique complex flow structures particularly large-scale organized structures such as Great Red Spot (GRS) and White Ovals on Jupiter and Hexagon and hurricane near the North Pole of Saturn. The fluid mechanics of these structures has been intensively studied based on observational data, numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis (Marcus 1993, Dowling 1995, Ingersoll et al. 2004, Vasavada & Showman 2005). Extraction of velocity fields of these structures from multi-spectral images taken by spacecraft flying by Jupiter and Saturn has been a key to understand the forming and sustaining mechanisms of the flow structures and validate numerical simulations and theoretical models. The velocity fields of the GRS were obtained by Mitchell et al. (1981) and Dowling & Ingersoll (1988) using manual tracking from mosaic of three green narrow-angle images taken on March 4, 1979, by Voyager. Their datasets have been used as a foundation for theoretical analysis (Bouchet & Sommeria 2002, Read, Gierasch & Conrath 2006, Shetty, Asay-Davis & Marcus 2007). These measurements clearly show the high-speed elliptical anticyclonic collar of the GRS and its relatively quiescent inner region. The spatial transition between the collar and the
Instabilidade e incerteza: curva IS com dados de longo prazo

The IS Curve is the tool with which economists evaluate the restrictive impact of the interest rate on the GDP. This paper presents an estimate of the IS Curve for the Brazilian economy that incorporates data since 1980, that is, also covering the high inflation period. Two undesirable consequences require special attention when we consider this larger sample period. First, the switch in the regime might represent different data generating processes (problem known as structural break). Another effect is a change in the statistical precision with which coefficients can be estimated, consequence of the heterogeneity in the variance of the residuals (a problem called heteroskedasticity). Once these potential problems are controlled, this exercise becomes relevant since, as we will show later, empirical analysis that include in their sample period only data after the beginning of the Real Plan (that is, of the stabilized economy) fail to capture the influence of variables of unquestionable theoretical importance. We illustrate this point by analyzing the effect of the external environment on the internal growth, emphasizing the export channel.
Die Qualität Qualitativer Forschung

Institut für Allgemeinmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf DOI 10.3238/zfa.2020. 0267–0269 Qualitative Forschungsmethoden sind in der Versorgungsforschung anerkannt und haben Konjunktur [1]. Aktuelle Förderausschreibungen verlangen explizit nach der Anwendung qualitativer Methoden und fordern dazu auf, Mixed-Methods-Studien zu entwerfen. Kaum eine Interventionsevaluation kommt heute noch ohne qualitative Methoden aus. Dies birgt die Gefahr, dass qualitative Forschung zum „Anhängsel“ quantitativer Forschung degradiert wird [2] und die Zahl der eher schlecht als recht geplanten, durchgeführten und publizierten qualitativen Studien(anteile) steigt. Gerade aus der Sicht einer Fachgesellschaft wie der DEGAM mit ihrem starken Engagement im Bereich der evidenzbasierten Medizin und Leitlinienentwicklung kann diese Entwicklung nicht wünschenswert sein. Bestimmte klinisch relevante Fragestellungen, z.B. zu Patient*innenoder Betroffenenpräferenzen und -erfahrungen, lassen sich nicht mit den klassischen Methoden der klinischen Epidemiologie beantworten [3]. Genau wie bei quantitativen Studien spielt die Güte der Durchführung qualitativer Studien eine entscheidende Rolle für die Bedeutung ihrer Ergebnisse für die Praxis.
Dynamic Spatial Autoregressive Models with Autoregressive and Heteroskedastic Disturbances

We propose a new class of models specifically tailored for spatio-temporal data analysis. To this end, we generalize the spatial autoregressive model with autoregressive and heteroskedastic disturbances, i.e. SARAR(1,1), by exploiting the recent advancements in Score Driven (SD) models typically used in time series econometrics. In particular, we allow for time-varying spatial autoregressive coefficients as well as time-varying regressor coefficients and cross-sectional standard deviations. We report an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study in order to investigate the finite sample properties of the Maximum Likelihood estimator for the new class of models as well as its flexibility in explaining several dynamic spatial dependence processes. The new proposed class of models are found to be economically preferred by rational investors through an application in portfolio optimization.
Collective quantification and the homogeneity constraint

The main theoretical claim of the paper is that a slightly revised version of the analysis of mass quantifiers proposed in Roeper 1983, Lonning 1987 and Higginbotham 1994 extends to collective quantifiers: such quantifiers denote relations between sums of entities (type e), rather than relations between sets of sums (type ). Against this background I will explain a puzzle observed by Dowty (1986) for all and generalized to all quantifiers by Winter 2002: plural quantification is not allowed with all the predicates that are traditionally classified as ”collective”. The Homogeneity Constraint – as well as the weaker requirement of divisiveness - will be shown to be too strong (for both collective and mass quantifiers). What is required is that the nominalization of the nuclear-scope predicate denotes a maximal sum (rather than a group). Divisiveness is a sufficient, but not a necessary condition for this to happen. Non-divisive predicates such as form a circle , which denote sets of ‘extensional’ groups are allowed, because extensional groups are equivalent to the maximal sum of their members. It is only intensional group predicates that block collective Qs. Keywords : collective quantification, mass quantification, homogeneous, cumulative, divisive, groups, sums, maximality operator, plural logic
Harmonious Labelings of Cj∪Ck∪Cl

The disjoint union Cj∪Ck∪Cl is component of three cycles Cj, Ck and Cl. In this paper, we show that the disjoint union graph Cj∪Ck∪Cl is harmonious for odd j+k+l with l ≥j + k + 5.
Global Search of Multiple Gravity Assist Transfer Trajectories for Deep Space Probes

An approximate model of gravity assist is described,including two types with and without power exertion in planet's periapsis.In terms of patched Keplerian orbits and Lambert algorithm,parameter optimization model is established for solving multiple gravity assist transfer trajectories.Exhaustive search of gravity assist sequence and discrete grid search of launch instant and transfer duration between planets are performed via breadth-first search algorithm,and reasonable bounding and pruning methods are used to reduce the successive computational loads after each step of grid search.This global search method does not need to specify the planetary gravity assist sequence in advance,and the solutions corresponding to different flight durations and different numbers of gravity assist can be obtained.Through global search,preliminary results of multiple gravity assist trajectories can be obtained for further local optimization.Finally,several design examples,including the multiple gravity assist trajectories from Earth to Mars,Jupiter and Saturn,demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed global search method.
Some results following from conditional characteristic functions

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to derive rigorously some results following from conditional characteristic functions and anticipate that they will prove to be of significant applicability. Specifically, Khintchine weak law of large numbers, Lévy central limit theorem, inversion theorem, uniqueness theorem, characterization of identical distribution, and characterization of independence are all generalized to conditional setup.
KitcheNette: Predicting and Recommending Food Ingredient Pairings using Siamese Neural Networks

As a vast number of ingredients exist in the culinary world, there are countless food ingredient pairings, but only a small number of pairings have been adopted by chefs and studied by food researchers. In this work, we propose KitcheNette which is a model that predicts food ingredient pairing scores and recommends optimal ingredient pairings. KitcheNette employs Siamese neural networks and is trained on our annotated dataset containing 300K scores of pairings generated from numerous ingredients in food recipes. As the results demonstrate, our model not only outperforms other baseline models, but also can recommend complementary food pairings and discover novel ingredient pairings.
Parallel Laplace Transform Boundary ElementMethods For Diffusion Problems

The Laplace transform method in time has been used, together with the boundary element method, by a number of authors for the solution of diffusion problems. The major problem associated with the use of the Laplace transform is the development of a numerical inversion. There is a variety of numerical techniques available and the most attractive are those based on real arithmetic. One technique, Stehfest's method, based on a statistically calculated sample, has been the numerical inversion process chosen by all authors so far. The procedure has been successfully implemented on a distributed memory architecture. An alternative technique, based on shifted Legendre polynomials, has been used together with the finite element method for the solution of the wave equation and is a possible alternative to Stehfest's method. The method is also suitable for solution in a distributed memory environment. The two methods are compared using the 'Single Program Multiple Data' paradigm on a sixty-four processor nCUBE machine arranged in a hypercube configuration. Transactions on Modelling and Simulation vol 20, © 1998 WIT Press, www.witpress. com, ISSN 1743-355X
Dynamic of electronic subsystem of semiconductors excited with an ultrashort VUV laser pulse

We investigate theoretically the interaction of a semiconductor with an ultrashort high-intensity VUV laser pulse produced by new light source FLASH at DESY in Hamburg. Applying numerical simulations of excitations and ionization of electronic subsystem within a solid silicon target, irradiated with femtosecond laser pulse (25 fs, photon energy of 38 eV), the transient distribution of electrons within conduction band is obtained. The Monte Carlo method (ATMC) was extended in order to take into account the electronic band structure and Pauli's principle for electrons excited into the conduction band. Secondary excitation and ionization processes were included and simulated event by event as well. In the presented work the temporal distribution of the density of excited and ionized electrons, the energy of these electrons and their energy distribution function were calculated. It is demonstrated that due to the fact that part of the energy is spent to overcome ionization potentials, the final kinetic energy of free electrons is much less than the total energy provided by the laser pulse. We introduce the concept of an 'effective energy gap' for collective electronic excitation, which can be applied to estimate the free electron density after high-intensity VUV laser pulse. The effective energy gap depends on properties of the material as well as on the laser pulse.
Three-dimensional cerebrospinal fluid flow within the human central nervous system

This work describes a three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation of the flow field of the complete enclosed Central Nervous System (CNS) including the ventricular system, the spinal cord and spinal sub-arachnoid space (SAS). Previous works on the topic consider only parts of the complete system imposing artificial boundary conditions at internal cross sections. The computational domain was constructed from MRI data using Materialise Software Mimics. In this work pulsatile velocity inlets in the lateral ventricles, due to the cardiac cycle, were used to simulate the dynamic nature of the CSF, whilst pressure outlets were used to model the areas of CSF re-absorption. A porous medium formulation (Darcy flow) was considered in the SAS to account for the effect of the arachnoid trabeculae within these areas. The simulation was run using the commercial CFD code Fluent using the laminar solver and transient simulation. A maximum CSF velocity was found to be in the region 11.8 mm/s, with a peak pressure drop through the aqueduct of the order of 2.8 Pa corresponding to a calculated peak Reynolds number of 12. CSF pressure at the exits of Magendie and Luschke were found to vary over the cardiac cycle, with pressure at the exits of Luschke being higher than Magendie for large periods of the cycle. CSF was seen to enter the SAS as a laminar jet from the exits of Magendie and Luschke. By only considering the cardiac cycle a very slow CSF motion within the spinal SAS was observed with magnitudes significantly reduced after a depth of 50mm down the column from the exit of Magendie. This result suggests that pulsating wall motion in the region of the spinal cord, due to respiratory effects, needs to be considered in order to predict experimentally observed flow recirculation within the spinal sac. 287 words.
Microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment in the pathogenesis of stroke: implication as a potent therapeutic target

The human microbiota-gut-brain axis has an enormous role in the maintenance of homeostasis and health. Over the last two decades, it has received concerted research attention and focus due to a rapidly emerging volume of evidence that has established that impairment within the microbiota-gut-brain axis contributes to the development and progression of various diseases. Stroke is one of the entities identified to be associated with microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment. Currently, there are still limitations in the clinical treatment of stroke, and the presence of a non-nervous factor from gut microbiota that can alter the course of stroke presents a novel strategy towards the search for a therapeutic silver bullet against stroke. Hence, the aim herein, was to focus on the involvement of microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment in the pathogenesis stroke as well as elucidate its implications as a potent therapeutic target against stroke. The findings of studies to date have revealed and extended the role microbiota-gut-brain axis impairment in the pathogenesis of stroke, and studies have identified from both clinical and pre-clinical perspectives targets within the microbiota-gut-brain axis and successfully modulated the outcome of stroke. It was concluded that the microbiota-gut-brain axis stands as potent target to salvage the neurons in the ischemic penumbra for the treatment of stroke. Assessment of the microbiota profile and its metabolites status holds enormous clinical potentials as a non-invasive indicator for the early diagnosis and prognosis of stroke.
Backward design: Integrating active learning into undergraduate computer science courses

Abstract This study was undertaken to address an issue of student retention and learning in undergraduate computer science (CS) courses. To improve students’ CS learning experience, the goal of this case study was to support five CS faculty’s integration of active learning into their teaching, using the Understanding by Design framework. We explored the CS faculty’s considerations and experiences with active learning integration. The data included video conferencing recordings, syllabi data analysis, teacher interviews, and a focus group. The results showed that CS faculty considered three aspects in their active learning integration: (a) course structure and delivery format, (b) instructional approaches, and (c) authentic learning experiences for students. The CS faculty’s primary challenge was ways to assess individual students’ knowledge gained in team-based activities. We found a gradual adaptation of active learning in CS faculty’s teaching practices and recognized that their development and change in pedagogies need time and personalized support.
Promoting Long-Lasting Interest in Computer Science: An Analysis of High School Teachers' Perspectives

: This study explores the perspectives of high school computer science (CS) teachers on students’ interest in the subject. Using structured interviews, we identiﬁed factors that may inﬂuence students’ interest in CS, such as curriculum design, teaching methods, and the use of materials and technology in the classroom. The ﬁndings reveal the importance of making CS relevant and exciting to students to increase engagement and understanding and promote acceptance of the subject in society. Additionally, the study highlights the challenges and beneﬁts of interdisciplinary teaching of CS and the value of pre-designed teaching materials in supporting this approach. The presented study provides valuable insights for educators and policymakers looking to promote and sustain students’ interest in CS. Overall, the study emphasizes the crucial role of CS education (CSEd) in preparing students for success in a digital world.
Intradural cervical herniated nucleus pulposus presentation and management: a case report

Background Intradural disc herniations (IDH) are uncommon and can be found in the cervical spine. It is commonly associated with Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS). The case report describes cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings that assists in identifying IDH pre-operatively and discusses surgical management. Case Description This is a case report regarding a 42-year-old obese male who developed atraumatic spontaneous bilateral upper extremity numbness, right upper extremity weakness and right lower extremity weakness. MRI showed a C6-7 herniated nucleus pulposus that focally protruded through the posterior longitudinal ligament with a beak-like projection similar to what has been described in previous reports. Clinical exam revealed an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) most consistent with BSS. He underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion at the level of C6-7. Intra-operatively, a disc fragment was found to be embedded in the dura. Three months post-operatively, the patient had persistent weakness in his right lower extremity but no longer had any bilateral upper extremity weakness. Conclusions An anterior cervical decompression and fusion was performed shortly after the patient presented, with adequate neurological recovery after 3 months. Advanced imaging with an MRI could lead to the diagnosis of an IDH and surgical intervention via the anterior approach could facilitate removal of the disc and adequate dura repair.
Discount or trade off: The psychological mechanisms of intertemporal choice with double-dated mixed outcomes

: Individuals, enterprises and countries need to make decisions involving different time nodes in real life. Such decisions are commonly measured by "intertemporal preference" in the field of behavioral decision-making. Actually, the most important and crucial kind of intertemporal decision making relevant to survival and development are intertemporal choice with double-dated mix outcomes. However, existing intertemporal preferences measure by paradigms with pure gain outcomes was found to be poor predictors of far-sighted behavior in real life. Besides, mature theoretical models of intertemporal choice could not satisfactorily explain people's real intertemporal preferences. To better describe and explain people's intertemporal preferences with double-dated mixed outcomes, the present project intends to: 1) synthesize indicators of intertemporal choice with double-dated mixed outcomes by using two different logics, providing predictive indicators for model comparison; 2) develop a new ecological paradigm of measuring intertemporal choice with double-dated outcomes, aiming to provide a more ecological and predictive measurement for the development of following research; 3) adopt the Mouselab and eye-tracking technique to test which model could more satisfactorily explain intertemporal preference with double-dated outcomes, the utility comparison model or the attribute-comparison model.
Signs of Disorganization in Middle Childhood Attachment Narratives

Abstract:Children with disorganized attachment are not a unified category. This study examined different signs of disorganization in school-age children’s attachment narratives, whether the signs clustered into specific profiles of disorganization, and if the profiles were associated with children’s continuous attachment ratings and mental health. Our binational sample of 8- to 12-year-old children (n = 33) had disorganization as their primary attachment classification. Attachment was measured with the Story Stem procedure and mental health symptoms were measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Fifteen different signs of disorganization were found that clustered into four unique profiles distinguished by chaotic-frightening, hostile-punitive, caregiving, and dissociative signs. Children with more punitive and frightening signs in their profiles displayed higher attachment disorganization and ambivalence, whereas caregiving and dissociative profiles were associated with attachment avoidance, and the dissociative profile also with more mental health symptoms. Subtypes of middle childhood disorganization need more research and are also important to recognize in clinical practice.