Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining Thickness Reduction and Light Trapping for Potential Efficiency Improvements in Perovskite Solar Cells

In this contribution it is shown that the efficiency of perovskite solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 can be increased further by combining thickness reduction of the perovskite layer and light trapping. A physical model for the current/voltage curve of pin solar cells is used to reveal the beneficial impact of thinning on cell efficiency. If interface recombination is kept at moderate levels, the model shows that there is a potential efficiency increase above 20% relative (+3% absolute) when thickness is reduced from 500 to 200 nm, provided total light absorption is maintained. A rigorous optical model is employed to calculate light absorption on typical state–of–the–art layer stacks patterned with sinusoidal grooves on ITO coated glass. The results suggest that solar light absorption in a flat, 500 nm thick film, can be matched by a 200 nm thick perovskite layer on a sinusoidal texture, while using 300 nm leads to several sinusoidal parameter combinations delivering the same light absorption. Since the structuring step must be compatible with low cost processing, it is shown that direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) is capable of delivering +3% absolute efficiency increase, while offering a typical photovoltaic module cost reduction of 10%.
Bloch's conjecture for Campedelli and Barlow surfaces

Campedelli surfaces are regular surfaces of general type with $p_g=0$. They specialize to double covers of Barlow surfaces. We prove that the $CH_0$ group of a Campedelli surface is equal to $\mathbb{Z}$, which implies the same result for the Barlow surfaces. We will also give a conditional application (more precisely, assuming the variational Hodge conjecture) of the same method to the Chow motive of low degree $K3$ surfaces.
A Performance Evaluation of Selected Heuristics for the Travelling Salesman Problem

One of the classical problems in graph theory, which still has no close practicable exact algorithmic solution, is the Travelling Salesman's Problem. It is a NP complete problem whose solution space explodes exponentially as the number of nodes (cities) increases. Hence, recourse is often made to the use of heuristics to solve problems modeled after the travelling salesman problem. Heuristics have proved over the years to be very good feasible solution methods for solving combinatorial optimization problems such travelling salesman problem, vehicle routing problem, knapsack problem, graph coloring and so on. In this paper, ant colony optimization, genetic algorithm and simulated annealing were implemented and compared for solving some TSP instances. These three heuristics are widely used heuristics for solving combinatorial optimization problems.
Two-dimensional transport equation with Hamiltonian vector fields

We illustrate the main steps in the proof of a sharp result of well-posedness for the two-dimensional transport equation whose vector field is bounded, autonomous, divergence free and satisfies the so-called “weak Sard property”. We also remark on the fact that the weak Sard property we identify is indeed equivalent to the well-posedness.
Elevated Mixed Layers and Associated Severe Thunderstorm Environments in South and North America

AbstractThis study presents a climatological and composite analysis of elevated mixed layers (EMLs) in South and North America derived from the NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. The EMLs are identified based on objective criteria applied to the reanalysis data. Composite analyses of synoptic-scale conditions and severe weather parameters associated with spring EML cases are presented. EMLs are more frequent immediately to the east of the Andes and the Rockies. The North American EMLs form by surface heating over the higher terrain of the Rockies, with peak frequency occurring in spring and summer. EMLs in South America are generated by differential temperature advection due to ageostrophic circulations east of the Andes, as indicated by the temperature lapse rate tendency equation, which relates to the higher frequency of EMLs during the cold season in South America. EMLs over North America are about 100 hPa lower than over South America due to the lower height of the Rockies in comparison to the A.
Investigating the effect of perceived risk factors and COVID-19 pandemic situation on online shopping behavior among Malaysians

This study investigates the effect of perceived risks, i.e., financial risk, product risk, and convenience risk, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic situation on online shopping behavior among Malaysians. This study uses convenience sampling techniques and comprises 185 respondents who have experience buying online. In addition, the study setting was non-contrived, and data was gathered using a closed-ended questionnaire through an online survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0 software and SmartPLS version 3.2. 8 to test the proposed hypotheses. This study found that perceived risk factors such as financial, product, and convenience risk did not influence online shopping behavior. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic positively influences online shopping behavior among consumers. It showed a new development in the theory of online shopping behavior, where users continue to make purchases despite being aware that there may be various risks due to the spread of COVID-19. The role of the ministry, business owners, and consumer associations needs to be given attention to form a sustainable electronic commerce system and protect the rights of consumers. This research can help consumers understand their rights.
Extrinsic Least Squares Regression with Closed-Form Solution on Product Grassmann Manifold for Video-Based Recognition

Least squares regression is a fundamental tool in statistical analysis and is more effective than some complicated models with small number of training samples. Representing multidimensional data with product Grassmann manifold has recently led to notable results in various visual recognition tasks. This paper proposes extrinsic least squares regression with Projection Metric on product Grassmann manifold by embedding Grassmann manifold into the space of symmetric matrices via an isometric mapping. The proposed regression has closed-form solution which is more accurate compared with numerical solution of previous least squares regression using geodesic distance. Experiments on several recognition tasks show that the proposed method achieves considerable accuracy in comparison with some state-of-the-art methods.
Phase- and Frequency- Domain Analysis of the Intracardiac Signals of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Humans

Identification of critical areas for successful ablation in persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) patients remains a challenge. Atrial electrograms (AEGs) with high dominant frequency (HDF) are believed to represent atrial substrates with periodic activation responsible for maintaining persAF. Phase is a descriptor that tracks the progression of the action potential through atria and has been demonstrated to be effective in analysing spatiotemporal changes during persAF. DF has been used as a way to express local atrial activation rate of the AEGs during AF. HDF sites were analysed consecutively to produce HDF density maps and its spatiotemporal behaviour during persAF was investigated. An algorithm based on topological charge index was also implemented to obtain phase singularity points (PSs). This algorithm’s performance was compared with two other PS detection techniques for detecting PSs and has been demonstrated to have more accurate results with reduced processing time (near-real time) to calculate targets. Additionally, the effect of varying filter type and settings on the detection of PSs was also studied, From this it is understood that filter settings could affect PS detections, which result in misleading identification of the atrial substrate and hence ablation targets. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal dynamics of the PSs was also investigated by tracking them in space and time to identify ‘rotors’. Rotors were not seen very often and were associated with higher atrial rate as well as disorganised AEGs. Finally, the combination of frequency and phase analysis was studied to elucidate the mechanism of wave propagation and to identify potential drivers perpetuating persAF. There is some evidence of a
Mapping a weak hypercube on an optical slab waveguide

The communication fabric of a parallel processing system is represented as a directed graph. In a weak topology a processor uses at most one incoming edge or one outgoing edge for communication at any given point in time. Currently, the data rate that can be supported on electronic interconnects is reaching its limits. Optical interconnects have been identi ed as one of the most promising approaches to the growing demands for today's systems. The \medium bandwidth" of an optical waveguide is huge (order of petabits per second for a 1mm cross-section optical slab). The challenge lies in utilizing as much of this medium bandwidth as possible. We address this problem by exploiting knowledge of the communication patterns. Key to our approach is a method to map communications to optical channels. This thesis deals with the mapping of a d-dimensional weak hypercube on to an optical slab waveguide. The weak topology helps reduce the cost of optical components used by allowing component reuse across di erent channels. We present two mappings, the dense and sparse mappings. The dense mapping for a d-dimensional weak hypercube packs all communication channels into a d 2 array of optical channels and uses (d 2)2+4 lasers and 2 detectors (or vice-versa). The sparse mapping uses a 2 1 2 channel array, but does not use all channels to map hypercube edges. We show that this mapping requires 2 lasers and 2 detectors. We also de ne a supergraph of the hypercube, called the extended hypercube, that maximally utilizes the empty channels in a sparse mapping. We establish that the extended hypercube is the largest supergraph of the hypercube that utilizes all available channels, without increasing the number of lasers and detectors used. The mappings de ned vi for both these sparse cases are optimal. They use N lasers and N detectors, where N is the number of nodes in the topology. We also derive lower bounds on the number of lasers and detectors needed for a \standard" mapping of a hypercube to an optical slab waveguide. We show that the costs of all the dense and sparse mappings proposed in this thesis match these lower bounds.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CINNAMON AND ORIGAN ESSENTIAL OILS AND THEIR PRIMARYCOMPONENTS ON AVIAN Escherichia coli STRAINS.

and Oukessou Mohamed 1 . 1. Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute, BP 6202, 1010, Rabat, Morocco. 2. Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, BP 6202, Rabat, Morocco. 3. Avian Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health, Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, BP 6202, RabatInstitute, Rabat, Morocco. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Exploring the Acculturation Strategies Among First Generation and Second Generation

The majority of Indians living in the US came to the US during the Y2K scare close to 2000 and were first-generation immigrants who faced a very different culture than they had in India. Many people had different strategies to adapt to the newness of American Culture. This paper aims to explore and understand the similarities and differences in the acculturation strategies used by how first-generation parents, specifically mothers and second-generation immigrants i.e. their adolescent children. A total sample of 30 respondents reading in Bay Area (15= mothers, 15= adolescents) was taken using convenience sampling. The adolescent acculturation strategies were measured by the Bicultural Involvement Questionnaire (BIQ) (Szapocznik, Scopetta, Kurtines, & Aranalde, 1978), and adult acculturation strategies were measured by the Likert scale. This questionnaire, based on a scale of 1-5, measures biculturalism and lack thereof, as well as cultural involvement and lack thereof. To analyze, a Mann-Whitney U test was carried out. Children adapted to the new American culture, whereas mothers mainly stayed with Indian culture, and children were more culturally involved than their mothers. This implies that children on the whole used their mother’s strategies about halfway through when they began to incorporate American culture into their life.
Analisis Pengaruh Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Musyarakah Terhadap Profitabilitas Bank Syariah Di Indonesia Periode 2019-2021

Banking is one of the Islamic financial instruments that plays an important role in developing the people's economy through various types of financing based on sharia principles. Murabaha and musyarakah financing are types of financing in Islamic banks which are a favorite among the public. The author wants to reveal how big the contribution made by the two financing is to the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to determine the significant effect of murabaha and musyarakah financing, both partially and simultaneously on the profitability of Islamic banks in Indonesia in the 2019-2021 period. The methodology used is a descriptive quantitative approach with data analysis techniques using multiple linear regression. The data collection technique uses documentation techniques where the data is oriented to secondary data which will then be processed with SPSS 25 software. The results of this study found that: the significance level test was 0.000 and the ttest result was 4.450. So the significance level is 0.000 <0.05 and the tcount > ttable (4.450 > 2.035) means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. The results of the multiple linear regression test show a number of 0.228 (positive value) for the Murabahah variable so that it can be said that Murabahah financing is positively related to profitability, the test results at a significance level of 0.000 and the t-test results are 4.568. Then the significance level is 0.000 <0.05 and the tcount > ttable (4.568 > 2.035) means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected and the results of the multiple linear regression test show the number 0.228 (positive value) for the Murabahah variable so that it can be said that Murabahah financing is positively related with profitability. The results of the significance level test were 0.000 and the t-count test results were 10.591. So the significance level is 0.000 <0.05 and the tcount > ttable (10.591 > 3.275) means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This states that murabaha and musyarakah financing have a significant effect on profitability.
Semiparametric mixture of additive regression models

ABSTRACT In this article, we propose a semiparametric mixture of additive regression models, in which the regression functions are additive and non parametric while the mixing proportions and variances are constant. Compared with the mixture of linear regression models, the proposed methodology is more flexible in modeling the non linear relationship between the response and covariate. A two-step procedure based on the spline-backfitted kernel method is derived for computation. Moreover, we establish the asymptotic normality of the resultant estimators and examine their good performance through a numerical example.
Estimating Exceedance Probability of Extreme Water Levels of the Akosombo dam

The Akosombo dam is a major source of electric energy in Ghana. Considering the current increase in thedemand for electricity in the country, where such an increase in demand implies more pressure on thedam, it is of key interest to study the tail behaviour of the water levels of the dam. Such a study is importantbecause the level of water in the dam determines the amount of electricity generated. The study employedthe Univariate Extreme Value Theory to model the monthly maximum and minimum water levels of thedam. The Generalized Extreme Value Distribution was fitted to the data and the Maximum likelihoodestimation method was employed to estimate the model parameters. The study indicated that, the waterlevels cannot fall below 226.00ft which is the critical water level of the Akosombo dam. It further showedthat, the lowest ever level of water the dam can attain is 226.69ft and the highest 279.07ft. The study alsofound that, though the water cannot fall below the critical level, there was evidence of its falling below theminimum operation head
Assessment of the Simulation of Gravity Waves Generation by a Tropical Cyclone in the High‐Resolution WACCM and the WRF

National Center for Atmospheric Research Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with quasi‐uniform grid of ∼25‐km horizontal resolution can resolve gravity waves (GWs) with horizontal scales down to ∼250 km. In this study, the scale interactions between the GWs resolved by WACCM and those with smaller scales, its potential impact on the resolved waves, and the dependence of wave characteristics on spatial resolution are examined. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) simulations with five different spatial resolutions (25, 20, 15, 10, and 4 km) are performed, with the high‐resolution WACCM wind and temperature fields as initial and boundary conditions. Semicircular GWs excited by a tropical cyclone (TC) resolved by WACCM and WRF (25‐km resolution) are found at similar locations and have similar structures. In this study, the sensitivity of GW structure to the choice of model horizontal resolutions is examined. Although WRF is successful in generating semicircular GWs in each case, the simulation reveals more power at shorter horizontal wavelengths of GWs at finer resolutions. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of all these simulations in resolving GWs induced by the tropical cyclone (TGWs). The magnitude of the zonal momentum flux calculated from the high‐resolution WACCM is greater than the WRF‐25 simulation, in addition, the magnitude is comparable to the results from the WRF‐15 and WRF‐10 simulations.
Recommendations for the management of diarrhea with trofinetide use in Rett syndrome

ABSTRACT Background Trofinetide is a recently approved treatment for Rett syndrome (RTT), a rare neurodevelopmental disorder with no previously approved therapy. The phase 3 LAVENDER trial showed improvements in efficacy measures compared with placebo, but diarrhea rates were high in trofinetide-treated participants. To manage possible diarrhea, recommendations that can be used by health care providers are needed. Research design and methods Additional analyses were conducted on LAVENDER data to elucidate predictors of trofinetide-associated diarrhea. A panel of advisors was convened to refine a set of practical recommendations for the prevention and management of diarrhea in individuals with RTT treated with trofinetide. Results No examined demographic or treatment factors appeared to influence trofinetide-associated diarrhea. Advisors recommend establishing baseline bowel activity and providing caregivers with diarrhea management information. On initiation of trofinetide, constipation medications should be stopped or reduced, concomitant liquid medications with sugar alcohols should be substituted if possible, and fiber should be initiated. Bowel movements should be tracked and loperamide started following the onset of diarrhea. Dietary and hydration measures are also recommended. Conclusions Trofinetide treatment confers improvements in RTT-related symptoms. With these recommendations, diarrhea associated with trofinetide use can be managed, enhancing the lives of individuals with RTT and caregivers.
An Adaptive Perturb and Observe Algorithm With Enhanced Skipping Feature for Fast Global Maximum Power Point Tracking Under Partial Shading Conditions

Solar energy exposed its prominence to diminish the growing energy demands. But the formation of multiple peaks under partial shading conditions causes the conventional maximum power point tracking controllers to fail to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). Scanning the whole power–voltage curve to locate the GMPP takes extreme time and reduces algorithm effectiveness. Thus, the proposed method devotes the skipping and scanning mechanism incorporated with the perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm to reduce the scanning area drastically. The skipping mechanism skips over the scanning areas between successive peaks based on a specific formula that narrows down the scanning zone. Along with a buck–boost converter, the system includes a voltage control loop controlled by a proportional–integral controller. The proposed algorithm's effectiveness is tested in both simulation and experimental environments on discretized partial shading patterns, while GMPP is deployed at different locations. According to the experimental outcomes, the proposed algorithm outperforms the modified maximum power trapezium, skipping fast GMPP, modified cuckoo search, and the conventional P&O algorithm with an average convergence time of 1.02 s and average efficiency of 99.44%.
Dual band omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna using EZR and MZR modes

A dual band omnidirectional circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented based upon new concept of combining two orthogonal modes of epsilon‐zero resonance (EZR) and mu‐zero resonance (MZR) in this article. The antenna has the CP characteristic by two circularly ring‐structured double negative (DNG) transmission lines. One DNG transmission line has higher frequencies of EZR and lower frequency of MZR while the other DNG transmission line has higher frequencies of MZR and lower frequency of EZR. The EZR and MZR modes at the same frequency have a vertical and a horizontal polarization with 90° phase difference, respectively. In the EZR mode, a vertical polarization is generated like an electric monopole so that the EZR antenna radiates omnidirectionally. The MZR antenna makes a horizontal polarization by the circular ring current like a magnetic dipole loop which also radiates omnidirectionally. The analysis and design of the antenna are performed according to theory and simulation based on a dispersion diagram and E‐field distribution. Finally, the reasonable performances of the antenna such as a reflection coefficient, a CP gain, an axial ratio, and a far‐field radiation pattern are obtained in dual band.
Some Simple Geometrical Extremal Problems

Suppose C is a convex curve bounding a plane domain of area A. l will denote the length of C and d its diameter ; that is, the upper bound of the distance between any pair of its points. It is clear that, for all convex curves C, 2d≤l≤πd. In this paper I consider classes of convex curves C with a given value of l satisfying one or more further conditions. The aim will be in each case to find the curves which enclose minimum or maximum area. The existence of a curve of a given class ∑ for which the area enclosed attains the maximum or minimum possible follows from compactness in the class of convex curves in a bounded part of the plane.