Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neutrino signals in GSI two-body EC rates

Neutrino signals in electron-capture storage-ring experiments at GSI are reconsidered, with special emphasis placed on the quasi-circular motion of the daughter ions in two-body decays. Whereas parent-ion decay rates cannot exhibit modulation with the several-second period reported in these experiments, the time evolution of the detected daughter ions is shown to produce oscillations that under certain conditions may provide resolution of the ‘GSI Oscillations’ puzzle. New dedicated storage-ring or trap experiments could look up for these oscillations.
A Signal Subspace Method For Interference Cancellation

An interference cancellation technique that combines a signal subspace approach with adaptive adjustment of the weight vector is derived. The weight vector is constrained to lie in a signal subspace computed by eigendecomposition of the covariance matrix of the array outputs. The weight vector is rotated to maximize the output signal-to-interference ratio. The technique does not require array calibration as in other subspace methods. The proposed technique applies to receiver arrays for digital communication signals. The case of a BPSK signal modulating an AM transmitter is analyzed in some detail. Numerical examples illustrating the behavior of the algorithm are provided.
Analysis on Security Proof of Two Key Agreement Protocols

Recently, Tseng proposed two group key agreement protocols which are claimed to be provably secure against passive attackers and impersonation attacks over authenticated channel. In each of these works, a security proof of the proposed protocol was presented. In this paper, we revisit Tseng’s security proof and show that the reduction in the proof is invalid. As the replacement, we give a new security proof.
Efficient stereo matching algorithm with edge-detecting

Stereo vision is a hot research topic in the field of computer vision and 3D video display.Disparity map is one of the most crucial steps. A novel constant computational complexity algorithm based on separable successive weight summation (SWS) is presented. The proposed algorithm eliminates iteration and support area independently, which saves computation and memory space . The similar measure of gradient is also applied to improve the original algorithm. Image segmentation and edge detection is used for the stereo matching to accelerate the speed and improve the accuracy of matching algorithm.The image of edge is extracted to reduce the search scope for the stereo matching algorithm. Dense disparity map was obtained through local optimization.Experimental results show that the algorithm is efficient and can well reduce the matching noise and improve the matching precision in depth discontinuities and low-texture region.
Words and the grammar of context

Acknowledgements Foreword Charles J. Fillmore 1. Regularity and idiomaticity in grammatical construction the case of let alone with Charles J. Fillmore and Mary Catherine O'Connor 2. Even 3. At least 4. Construction grammar 5. Linguistic competence and folk theories of language: two English hedges 6. The kind of/sort of construction 7. Contextual operators: respective, respectively, and vice versa 8. Constructional modus tollens and level of conventionality 9. Three properties of the ideal reader 10. The inheritance of presuppostions References.
Parameterization of Infrared Absorption in Midlatitude Cirrus Clouds

Abstract Employing a new approach based on combined Raman lidar and millimeter-wave radar measurements and a parameterization of the infrared absorption coefficient σa (km−1) in terms of retrieved cloud microphysics, a statistical relation between σa and cirrus cloud temperature is derived. The relations σa = 0.3949 + 5.3886 × 10−3T + 1.526 × 10−5T2 for ambient temperature T(°C) and σa = 0.2896 + 3.409 × 10−3Tm for midcloud temperature Tm(°C) are found using a second-order polynomial fit. Comparison with two σa-versus-Tm relations obtained primarily from midlatitude cirrus using the combined lidar–infrared radiometer (LIRAD) approach reveals significant differences. However, it is shown that this reflects both the previous convention used in curve fitting (i.e., σa → 0 at ∼−80°C) and the types of clouds included in the datasets. Without such constraints, convergence is found in the three independent remote sensing datasets within the range of conditions considered to be valid for cirrus (i.e., cloud visib.
Anomalous cross field electron transport in a Hall effect thruster

The origin of anomalous electron transport across the magnetic field in the channel of a Hall effect thruster has been the subject of controversy, and the relative importance of electron-wall collisions and plasma turbulence on anomalous transport is not clear. From comparisons between Fabry-Perot measurements and hybrid model calculations of the ion velocity profile in a 5 kW Hall effect thruster, we deduce that one and the same mechanism is responsible for anomalous electron transport inside and outside the Hall effect thruster channel. This suggests that the previous assumption that Bohm anomalous conductivity is dominant outside the thruster channel whereas electron-wall conductivity prevails inside the channel is not valid.
Quantized H∞ Control for Networked Systems with Communication Constraints

The problem of quantized H∞ control for networked control systems (NCSs) subject to time‐varying delay and multiple packet dropouts is investigated in this paper. Both the control input and the measurement output signals are quantized before being transmitted and the quantized errors are described as sector bound uncertainties. The measurement channel and the control channel packet dropouts are considered simultaneously, and the stochastic variables satisfying Bernoulli random binary distribution are utilized to model the random multiple packet dropouts. Sufficient conditions for the existence of an observer‐based controller are established to ensure the exponential mean‐square stablility of the closed‐loop system and achieve the optimal H∞ disturbance attenuation level. By using a globally convergent algorithm involving convex optimization, the nonconvex feasibility can be solved successfully. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Unicity of best mean approximation by second order splines with variable knots

Let SN denote the nonlinear manifold of second order splines defined on 10, 1 having at most N interior knots, counting multiplicities. We consider the ques2 tion of unicity of best approximations to a function f by elements of SN. Approximation relative to the L2[0, 1] norm is treated first, with the results then extended to the best L, and best one-sided L1 approximation problems. The conclusions in each case are essentially the same, and can be summarized as follows: a sufficiently smooth function f satisfying f" > 0 has a unique best approximant from SN provided either log f" is concave, or N is sufficiently large, N > No(f); for any N, there is a smooth function f, with f" > 0, having at least two best approximants. A principal tool in the analysis is the finite dimensional topological degree of a mapping.
Photovoltaic System Allocation Using Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization with Multi-level Quantization

This paper presents a methodology for photovoltaic (PV) system allocation in distribution systems using a discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO). The PV allocation problem is in the category of mixed integer nonlinear programming and its formulation may include multi-valued discrete variables. Thus, the PSO requires a scheme to deal with multi-valued discrete variables. This paper introduces a novel multi-level quantization scheme using a sigmoid function for discrete particle swarm optimization. The technique is employed to a standard PSO architecture; the same velocity update equation as in continuous versions of PSO is used but the particle’s positions are updated in an alternative manner. The set of multi-level quantization is defined as integer multiples of powers-of-two terms to efficiently approximate the sigmoid function in transforming a particle’s position into discrete values. A comparison with a genetic algorithm (GA) is performed to verify the quality of the solutions obtained.
Wave-Mean Flow Interaction during the Life Cycles of Baroclinic Waves

Abstract A two-layer quasigeostrophic β-plane channel model is used to examine the role of the wave-mean flow interaction during the life cycles of baroclinic waves. Two cases are examined: a wide and a narrow jet limit. These two limits are required to satisfy the property that their instability lead to a realistic baroclinic life cycle consisting of baroclinic growth and barotropic decay. In order to characterize the properties of the zonal-wind tendency in the two cases, scaling arguments based on a study by Andrews and McIntyre are used. This scaling procedure is then used to explain the nonlocal (local) zonal-wind tendency during the realistic baroclinic life cycle for the wide (narrow) jet limit.Several differences between the properties of the two jet limits are found. For the wide jet limit, the acceleration at the center of the jet is confined to the growth stage. This contrasts the narrow jet limit where the jet is accelerated throughout the entire life cycle. These differences depend upon the l.
The Compatibility of Friedmann Cosmological Models with Observed Properties of Gamma-ray Bursts and a Large Hubble Constant

The distance scale to cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still uncertain by many orders of magnitude; however, one viable scenario places GRBs at cosmological distances, thereby permitting them to be used as tracers of the cosmological expansion over a significant range of redshifts z. Also, several recent measurements of the Hubble constant H0 appearing in the referred literature report values of 70H − 80 km s−1 Mpc−1. Although there is significant debate regarding these measurements, we proceed here under the assumption that they are evidence of a large value for H0. This is done in order to investigate the additional constraints on cosmological models that can be obtained under this hypothesis when combined with the age of the universe and the brightness distribution of cosmological gamma-ray bursts. We show that the range of cosmological models that can be consistent with the GRB brightness distribution, a Hubble constant of 70 − 80 km s−1 >Mpc−1, and a minimum age of the universe of 13–15 Gyr is constrained significantly, largely independent of a wide range of assumptions regarding the evolutionary nature of the burst population. Low-density, Λ < 0 cosmological models with deceleration parameter in the range - 1 > q0 < 0 and density parameter σ0 in the range ≈ 0.10 − 0.25 (Ω0 ≈ 0.2 − 0.5) are strongly favored.
Low level plasma formation in a carbon velvet cesium iodide coated cathode

Field emission cathodes have been a subject of research for many years. These cathodes hold the promise of effective electron emission in the absence of a heater. Such devices find application in the high power microwave (HPM) arena, as well as the conventional microwave industry and other areas such as flat panel displays. Over the past several years the Air Force Research Laboratory began to focus on cesium iodide cathodes as a field emission cathode of some interest. Previously reported results demonstrated a cesium iodide coated carbon velvet cathode capable of over one million pulses of operation with no degradation of emission. However, the exact emission mechanism remains somewhat unclear. This paper presents results showing that plasma formation on the cathode surface remains minimal at 1 μs pulse lengths. While ionized cesium and iodine lines exist in the light spectrum from the diode, these lines remain quite small, with the fluorescent emission from solid cesium iodide dominating the optical sp.
On the number of real roots of a random algebraic equation. II

An equation with real coefficients and given degree n being selected at random, about how many real roots may it be expected to have? The present series of papers is concerned with this question and matters arising out of it. The results we have arrived at were stated without proof in our paper I (with the same general title), which contains also some introductory remarks to which we may refer the interested reader. Here we summarize as follows.
Metastable Jet‐Tone States of Jets from Sharp‐Edged, Circular, Pipe‐Like Orifices

Characteristics of spectra from relatively thick orifices differ from those from relatively thin. In a given range of Reynolds number, in many cases the jet may exist in any one of several reproducible jet‐tone states (metastable states) characteristic of the orifice. The dependence of the component frequencies of the jet‐tone spectra (expressed in terms of the orifice‐number fd/(Δp/ρ)12) on Reynolds number [ρd(Δp/ρ)12]/μ is shown, where d is diameter of orifice; f, frequency; Δp, pressure difference across orifice; ρ, density; and μ, viscosity of gas. The orifice numbers of the components of the jet‐tone spectra generally tend to fall on a single array of equally spaced orifice‐number levels. Jet‐tones from the same orifice plate, characteristic of both thin as well as thick orifice plates, are found to coexist over a small transition range of orifice thickness‐diameter ratio. If the orifice number of the head of the most probable spectral mode for a given orifice thickness‐diameter ratio is noted, the s.
Some applications of the Gamma and polygamma functions involving convolutions of the Rayleigh functions, multiple Euler sums and log‐sine integrals

The Gamma function and its n th logarithmic derivatives (that is, the polygamma or the psi‐functions) have found many interesting and useful applications in a variety of subjects in pure and applied mathematics. Here we mainly apply these functions to treat convolutions of the Rayleigh functions by recalling a general identity expressing a certain class of series as psi‐functions and to evaluate a class of log‐sine integrals in an algorithmic way. We also evaluate some Euler sums and give much simpler psi‐function expressions for some known parameterized multiple sums (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An upper limit on the microwave background temperature at z=1.776

On presente des observations des raies CI dans le systeme des raies d'absorption z=1,776 en direction du QSO 1331+170. Elles indiquent une limite superieure de 0,67 pour le rapport des populations de structure fine N( 3 P 1 )/N( 3 P 0 )
A PENALTY INTERIOR POINT ALGORITHM FOR A PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION PROBLEM IN ELASTOPLASTICITY*

This paper deals with a special class of parameter identification problems in structural plasticity. Specifically, we address the problem of identifying yield limits and hardening moduli from knowledge of the displacement response of the structure under a given set of proportional loads. Under the assumptions of piecewise linear holonomic (reversible) plasticity and a suitably discretized structure, the inverse problem can be formulated as a special optimization problem known as a Mathematical Program with Equilibrium Constraints (MPEC), a key feature of which is the presence of complementarity conditions, involving the orthogonality of two sign-constrained vectors. A recently developed numerical scheme, the Penalty Interior Point Algorithm (PIPA), is proposed for solving the identification problem. Some computational results for a hypothetical beam on elastoplastic springs are also given.
A parameterization for the absorption of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere

Abstract A method is described for rapidly computing the amount of solar energy absorbed at the earth's surface and in the atmosphere as a function of altitude. The method is a parametric treatment, but the form of the solution and the coefficients involved are based on accurate multiple-scattering computations. In this treatment the absorption varies with the amount and type of clouds, the humidity, the zenith angle of the sun, and the albedo of the earth's surface. Within the stratosphere the absorption also depends on the vertical distribution of ozone. This parameterization for solar radiation is being used in current versions of the global atmospheric circulation model developed at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
TOPIC MAINTENANCE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

Language impairment is one of the hallmarks of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to compare pragmatic skills between the patients with schizophrenia and healthy control groups within the framework of topic maintenance in verbal discourse. Fifty patients with schizophrenia and fifty healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients were included in the study. The subjects’ speech was evaluated by using a semi structured test. As a result, a relationship between the speech of schizophrenia patients and the healthy control groups was found out in terms of topic maintenance. It was statistically proven that the ratio of the healthy control groups’ topic maintenance success was higher than the ratio of the patients’ with 95% confidence (p<0.05) and the patients were found to be more unsuccessful to maintain a topic in verbal discourse. These dysfunctions are thought to be because of the thought disorders which result in disorganized speech
Transition of compressible high enthalpy boundary layer flow over a flat plate

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the characteristics of boundary layer transition to turbulence in hypervelocity air flows. A series of experiments was conducted using a flat plate model, equipped with static pressure and thin film heat transfer transducers, in a free piston shock tunnel. Transition was observed in the stagnation enthalpy range of 2·35 to 19·2 MJ/kg. The transition Reynolds number correlates well with the unit Reynolds number through a simple empirical relation. The influences of Mach number, pressure and wall cooling are examined. The measured heat transfer rates in laminar and turbulent regions are compared with empirical predictions. Freestream disturbances of the test flow were also measured and analysed.
The young Large Magellanic Cloud clusters NGC 2004 and 2100 and their short-period variables

In this paper we present results of intensive CCD monitoring in the V-band of stars in two young LMC clusters: NGC 2004 and 2100. Each star in these clusters was observed about 10- 1 5 times per night for about 12 nights, with the aim of detecting β Cep stars in these metal-poor clusters and thereby testing the hypothesis that pulsation in these stars is driven by ionization of metals. Our results strongly support this idea, since we have failed to find any β Cep variables. The probability that the difference between the relative numbers of β Cep stars in the Galaxy and in these two clusters is due to chance is less than 0.1 per cent
THE OUTER MAGNETIC FIELD OF L183

The L183 (= L134N) dark molecular cloud has been probed using deep near-infrared imaging polarimetry of stars to beyond 14 mag in H band (1.6 μm), using the Mimir instrument on the 1.83 m Perkins Telescope. Nearly 400 arcmin2 were surveyed, including the dense core in L183, as seen in WISE Band 3 (12 μm) extinction, and the near surroundings, revealing 35 stars with either detected polarizations or significant upper limits. Stars with detected polarizations are reddened if closer than 8 arcmin (0.25 pc at the 110 pc cloud distance) and unreddened beyond. The polarimetric sample probes as close to the core as 3 arcmin (0.1 pc), where AV ∼ 14 mag. Compared to the relatively unextincted surrounding stars, the reddened stars show no increase in polarization with extinction, suggesting that all of the polarization is induced in the outer layers of the cloud. This 0.25 pc radius envelope magnetic field does show a strong interaction with the L183 dark cloud. The envelope field is also virtually perpendicular, on the plane of the sky, to the field seen at 850 μm, though more closely aligned with the rotation axis of the dense gas core. The physical size scale at which the envelope and the core magnetic fields either decouple from each other or strongly modify their directions must be inside the 0.1 pc region probed here.
Comments on: ‘‘Notes on the appropriateness of ‘bred modes’ for generating initial perturbations’’

We are gratified by Errico and Langland’s (EL, 1999) interest in the use of bred vectors (BVs) inensemble forecasting. Since they offer detailed comments on only 2 of our papers related to breeding,we would like to bring attention to a number of other related papers that are not referenced by EL.In addition to Toth and Kalnay 1997 (TK97), which discussed in detail properties of breeding andits operational implementation at NCEP, these papers cover mathematically-oriented studies(Smith, 1997; Smith andGilmour, 1998), experiments with low- or intermediate-dimensionalmodels(Houtekamer and Derome, 1994; Swanson et al., 1998; Noone and Simmonds, 1998), and the useand verification of ensemble forecasts with operational numerical weather prediction models(Rennick, 1995; Barker, 1998; Atger, 1999; Zhu et al., 1996; Toth et al., 1996, 1997, 1998). Withrespect to EL’s comments, we agree with many of their points in which they restate important andbasic information available from different sources. We read with interest about EL’s ideas andexperiments regarding the geostrophic balance (or lack of it) of the total energy based (TE) singularvectors (SVs). We are grateful to the authors for helping us find 2 minor inconsistencies in the paperby Szunyogh et al. (SKT, 1997). First, the cross section latitude in Fig. 1b of SKT (45 S) wasaccidentally omitted from the legend. And second, on page 206, SKT used the wrong phrase ‘‘sign’’for distinguishing among the different phases of the leading LLV. At most other places, however,we believe that EL’s criticisms are unjustified for 3 reasons. First, at several places EL erroneouslyattribute statements to us that we have not made in any of our papers. Second, EL make statements,or form conclusions that, based on independent research, are incorrect or very questionable. Finally,at other places, EL make statements that are confusing. We believe that most of the misdirected,incorrect or confusing statements could have been avoided either by reading some of the publishedreferences, especially the TK97 paper mentioned above, or by informal discussions. For the sake ofbrevity, we address only the most relevant issues below, grouped by topic areas. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999. t01-3-00008.x
Norm inequalities involving Hadamard products

Let A, B be square complex matrices of the same order, and let ○ denote the Hadamard product. Xingzhi Zhan conjectured that for any unitarily invariant norm. We prove this conjecture for the cases when ‖·‖ is the spectral norm, the trace norm or the Frobenius norm. The spectral norm case of our result improves an existing inequality.
Approach to the embedding problem in chemisorption in a self-consistent-field-molecular-orbital formalism

A solution for the embedding problem in chemisorption is proposed, particularly designed for easy implementation into molecular-orbital linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals self-consistent-field calculation schemes. It is essentially based on the assumption that the perturbation in the electronic states induced by the adspecies is effectively screened within a certain $B$ region of the adsorbing solid and that this $B$ region is also large enough to allow for neglect of direct-coupling terms between the adspecies and the defective solid. An energy-dependent coupling matrix $M(e)$ is defined, which may be calculated on the basis of the free-solid solution and that can be used to correct the local solutions so as to properly connect them to the free-solid ones. The theory is tested in the case of hydrogen adsorption on graphite in the complete neglect of differential overlap approximation. Moderately large embedded clusters appear to be adequate for a correct description of the chemisorption process.