Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem carbon storage of natural secondary birch forests in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China

The ecosystem carbon storage( vegetation and soil),net primary productivity,and annual net carbon sequestration of natural secondary birch forests on seven site types( the top,middle,and bottom of the sunny slope and shady slope,and the valley floor) were studied by use of relative growth equations and carbon / nitrogen analytical approach in Xiaoxing'an Mountains of China,in order to probe into the influence of site type on the carbon sinks in birch forest and provide scientific basis for the management of forest carbon sink in northeast China. The results showed that: 1) The vegetation carbon storages(( 49. 39 ± 3. 09)-( 89. 20 ± 10. 17) t/ha) at the valley floor,the bottom of the sunny slope,and the top and middle of the shady slope were significantly higher than those at the middle and top of the sunny slope and the bottom of the shady slope( 38. 2%- 80. 6%,P 0. 05); 2) The soil organic carbon storages(( 136. 28 ± 21. 39)-( 273. 67 ± 22. 67)) t / ha at the middle and top of the shady slope and the valley floor were the highest( which were significantly higher than that at the middle and top of the sunny slope and the bottom of the shady slope( 27. 9%- 85. 8%,P 0. 05),followed by the storages at the bottom of the sunny slope( which was only significantly higher than that at the bottom of the shady slope( 53. 3%,P 0. 05),yet they were the lowest at the middle and top of the sunny slope and the bottom of the shady slope; 3) The ecosystem carbon storages(( 207. 88 ± 16. 07)-( 357. 85 ± 20. 80) t / ha) in four of the seven site types( the valley floor,the bottom of sunny slope,the top and middle of the shady slope) were significantly higher than those at the middle and top of the sunny slope and the bottom of the shady slope( 33. 2%- 72. 1%,P 0. 05); 4) The net primary productivities of vegetation(( 5. 80 ±0. 26)-( 8. 87 ± 1. 17) t /( ha·a)) at the bottom of sunny slope and the top and middle of shady slope were the highest( which were significantly higher than it at the bottom of the shady slope( 31. 2%-52. 9%,P 0. 05)),followed by the net primary productivities in the middle at the top and middle of sunny slope and the valley floor( which were higher than that at the bottom of shady slope( 15. 5%-26. 4%,P 0. 05),and it was the lowest at the bottom of shady slope; 5) The annual net carbon sequestration(( 2. 76 ± 0. 10)-( 4. 15 ± 0. 32) t /( ha·a)) also were highest at the bottom of the sunny slope and the top and middle of the shady slope( which were significantly higher than it at the bottom of the shady slope( 27. 9%- 50. 4%,P 0. 05),they were in the middle at the top and middle of sunny slope and the valley floor( which were higher than that at the bottom of shady slope( 12. 3%- 23. 9%,P 0. 05),and it was the lowest at the bottom of shady slope. Overall,this kind of natural secondary birch forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains took on a relatively low carbon sink function because their carbon sequestration decreased( 15. 3%- 43. 7%)) compared to the average carbon sequestration of terrestrial vegetation in China.
JUABITE, CaCu10(Te4+O3)4(AsO4)4(OH)2(H2O)4: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND REVISION OF THE CHEMICAL FORMULA

The crystal structure of juabite, CaCu 10 (Te 4+ O 3 ) 4 (AsO 4 ) 4 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 4 , triclinic, a 8.9903(7), b 10.1197(8), c 8.9959(7) A, α 102.654(1), β 92.432(1), γ 70.432(1)°, V 752.0(2) A 3 , space group P 1, Z = 1, has been solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares techniques on the basis of F 2 for 3358 unique reflections collected for a microcrystal using graphite-monochromated Mo K α X-radiation and a CCD area detector. The agreement index ( R 1) was 7.3%, calculated for 2288 unique observed [ F ≥ 4σ F ] reflections, and the goodness-of-fit ( S ) was 1.03. The structure determination has shown that the formula originally proposed for juabite is incorrect with regards to the oxidation state of Te, as well as the absence of Ca. The structure contains five unique Cu 2+ positions that are each in square pyramidal coordination. The two symmetrically distinct Te 4+ cations are in the usual one-sided coordination owing to the presence of a lone pair of electrons on the cation; there are three short Te 4+ –O bonds with lengths ~1.9 A in each polyhedron, as well as two or three longer bonds. The structure contains two unique As 5+ cations that are tetrahedrally coordinated by O 2− anions, and one Ca position that is octahedrally coordinated by O 2− anions. Juabite possesses a layered heteropolyhedral framework structure; layers parallel to (010) are weakly bonded in the [010] direction, resulting in a perfect {010} cleavage. Each layer contains all of the cation polyhedra of the structure, and involves two symmetrically identical sheets that contain four of the Cuϕ 5 square pyramids [ϕ: O 2− , (OH) − , H 2 O], both Te 4+ ϕ n polyhedra, and both AsO 4 tetrahedra. The sheets are parallel to (010), and chains of edge-sharing CaO 6 octahedra and Cuϕ 5 square pyramids extending parallel to [001] are sandwiched between adjacent symmetrically identical sheets, such that all anions contained within the chains are also linked to the sheets on either side, resulting in the heteropolyhedral layers.
Larvicidal and Adulticidal Activity of Essential Oils from Four Cuban Plants against Three Mosquito Vector Species

Mosquitoes are one of the main vectors of many important diseases and their degree of resistance to chemical insecticides has increased. Nowadays, it has become crucial to identify novel plant larvicides with an eco-friendly impact. The components of essential oils from Croton linearis Jacq. (EO-Cl), Lantana involucrata L. (EO-Li), Ocimum sanctum var. cubensis M. Gómez. (EO-Os), and Zanthoxylum pistaciifolium Griseb. (syn. Zanthoxylum flavum subsp. pistaciifolium (Griseb.) Reynel (EO-Zp) were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Larvicidal and adulticidal bioassays against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles albitarsis and Culex quinquefasciatus, were performed according to the World Health Organization standard methods. A high diversity of compounds was identified in the four oils, with a total of 152 compounds (33–70 components). EO-Cl, EO-Li, and EO-Os were classified as active against both insect forms, larvae and adults. Lantana involucrata showed the best results, with LC50 values from 33.8 to 41.7 mg/L. In most of the cases, it was not possible to associate the main compounds with the measured activity, supporting the hypothesis about probable synergistic interactions among major and minor compounds. The results indicate EO-Cl, EO-Os, and EO-Li as good eco-friendly insecticides with potential.
The Paleocene-Eocene transition in the southern Tethys (Tunisia); climatic and environmental fluctuations

This study, based on a multidisciplinary approach including micropaleontology, sedimentology, mineralogy and geochemistry, evaluates the Paleocene-Eocene transition in Tunisia. At Foum Selja, sediment deposition occurred in the shallow, restricted Gafsa Basin influenced by the adjacent Saharan Platform. During the early Paleocene this area experienced a warm and humid climate that changed to warm but arid climatic conditions during the Paleocene-Eocene transition. At Elles the sediment deposition in the El Kef Basin occurred in an open marine environment connected to the Tethys. During the late Paleocene, the Tethyan region was submitted to a seasonal warm climate changing to a warm and humid climate across the P/E transition and becoming seasonal/arid in the early Eocene. From Africa to northern Europe, kaolinite, a strong marker of warmth and humidity disappeared diachronously suggesting a latitudinal shift in the source area of this mineral and consequently in the climatic zones, from lower to higher latitudes. The P/E transition observed at Elles corresponds to a 2.7 m thick clay layer and is marked by a drastic decrease in carbonate sedimentation, a negative delta 13 C excursion of 1.3 per mil and increased detrital input. The presence of a condensed interval, the accumulation of phosphate deposits after the P/E event, which obliterate the original isotopic signal and strong dissolution of the planktic fauna and flora in these phosphatic layers, all are criteria that prevent the Elles section to be a potential GSSP candidate for the P/E boundary.
Silicon Proven 1.29 μm × 1.8 μm 65nm Sub-Vt Optical Sensor for Hardware Security Applications

Optical fault injection is a type of attack vector targeting cryptographic circuits where the adversary injects faults during system operation to bypass defenses or reveal secret information. Since preventing this kind of attack is generally impractical, most known countermeasures focus on indirect (logic based) or direct detection. Indirect detection mechanisms monitor the effects of optical fault injections in a circuit, whereas direct sensors track the illumination itself. In this paper, we present a compact $1.29{\mu }\text{m}\times 1.8{\mu }\text{m}$ direct optical sensor implemented in 65nm CMOS technology located inside the digital logic fabric. Because it is based on standard CMOS technology, it can be implemented using standard design flow. Measurements on four dedicated chips showed high sensitivity to fault injection attacks: the sensor was 2 to 6 times more sensitive than the combinational logic it protects. As a result of the sub-Vt operation of the transistors, these sensors exhibited post-attack self-recovery ability and high reliability, with a false positive rate under PVT of less than 10−7.
Role of Vitamin C in Targeting Cancer Stem Cells and Cellular Plasticity

Simple Summary This review is centered on the potential therapeutic utility of vitamin C (VC) in the context of dynamic cancer evolution. Physiologically, VC has dose-dependent roles as both an antioxidant and a pro-oxidant and has been associated with various health benefits, including potential applications in cancer management. Its intriguing ability to selectively target cancer cells has sparked recent research exploring its potential use against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a crucial player in both tumorigenesis and metastasis. CSCs play a pivotal role in tumor progression, metastasis, and resistance to conventional drug treatments. This review seeks to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which VC effectively targets and reduces the activity of CSCs, thereby providing important insights and rationale for the improvement of anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Abstract Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient that is vital for maintaining cellular physiology. Interestingly, it functions as either an antioxidant or a pro-oxidant, depending on the concentration used. At high-doses, VC selectively targets various cancer cell types through its pro-oxidant action, while at low-doses, VC enhances anti-tumor immunity by acting as an antioxidant. This versatility makes VC a promising anti-tumor agent for both standalone and combination therapies. Tumors consist of diverse cancer cell subtypes with distinct phenotypic and functional characteristics. In particular, cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are self-renewing multi-potent cells, are responsible for tumor recurrence, metastasis, chemoresistance, and heightened mortality. CSCs are often associated with the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which confers increased motility and invasive capabilities that are characteristic of malignant and drug-resistant cells. Thus, eradicating CSC populations is crucial and has led to extensive efforts aimed at identifying medicines that can target them. Recent studies suggest that VC can selectively target CSCs via epigenetic and metabolic pathways in various cancers. Here, we highlight recent progress that has been made in understanding how VC effectively targets CSC evolution, providing a rationale for the use of VC either alone or in combination with other treatments to improve outcomes.
Spatio-spectral Cross-Attention Transformer for Hyperspectral image and Multispectral image fusion

ABSTRACT This paper presents a novel Spatio-spectral Cross-Attention Transformer (SCAformer) for HyperSpectral Image and MultiSpectral Image (HSI/MSI) fusion. Specifically, we first design a Parallel Spatio-spectral Cross-Attention (P-SCA) module composed of a Spectral-wise Multi-head Cross-Attention (S-MCA) and a Window-based MCA (W-MCA), to yield more effective global spectra and local texture feature transferring between the HSI-MSI pairs. Afterwards, we develop a Spatial Fusion Module (SFM) that encodes rich local texture details to fuse the pairwise outputs of P-SCA in the pixel space. Finally, we construct a High-frequency Extraction Module (HEM) to further complement the edge details. The HEM first spatially-wise modulates the features to preserve spatial details, and then leverages Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to decompose the modulated representation into a set of high-frequency components to complement the edge details in the fused image. Extensive experiments on three synthetic datasets (i.e. CAVE, Harvard and Pavia Centre) and a real dataset demonstrate that the proposed SCAformer outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of all evaluation metrics.
High-Energy Carbonates on the Inner Shelf, Northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

ABSTRACT High-energy carbonate sands and gravels are accumulating on the inner margin of the eastern Yucatan shelf. Carbonate sands are deposited in large spillover lobes, submarine dunes, seagrass banks, beaches, spits, and eolian dunes. Major factors controlling dispersal and deposition of these Holocene carbonate sediments are: (1) the northward flowing Yucatan current, (2) pre-Holocene topography on the limestone shelf, (3) littoral drift, (4) hurricanes, (5) normal waves and wind, and (6) biota. Carbonate sediments on the inner Yucatan shelf are deposited in textural belts paralleling the strandline. Grain size generally decreases toward the mainland, with sand-size material concentrated in the nearshore-beach-coastal dune zone. Carbonate mud is deposited in lagoons landward of beach-dune barriers. The best-sorted sand is found along the landward margin of the sand belt in the beach-dune trend. A partly submarine, partly subaerial belt of oolitically coated sand parallels this coastline. Ooids are formed in the nearshore zone of two high-energy segments of the coast and are reworked from submerged outcrops of older oolitic limestone. The belt of oolitic sediment is thickest on its landward edge, where coastal dunes accumulate. The carbonate dune-beach deposits are rapidly lithified, enhancing their chance of preservation. Effective porosity in the Holocene dune limestones ranges from 26-36%. The oolitic sand passes seaward into uncoated bioclastic, pelletoid, and lithoclastic sand and gravel. Periodic storm waves wash ooids landward into the muddy lagoons behind the dune and beach-ridge barriers. Preservation of the carbonate facies deposited on the inner shelf of northeastern Yucatan would create stratigraphic traps in the most up-dip carbonate grainstones. Carbonate mudstones of the coastal lagoons would be both permeability barriers and source rocks for hydrocarbons.
Featured Article Advances in Chinese Agriculture and its Global Implications

In the past thirty years, China has made great strides in terms of boosting food production while simultaneously reducing the number of its rural poor. This success was largely accomplished through agricultural policy and trade reform, food market liberalization, and public investment in agricultural infra- structure and agricultural research. However, there is much more economic devel- opment work to be done in rural China, as issues such as an aging agricultural workforce, land-use rights, and water shortages persist. At the same time, increased urbanization and the rising middle class are changing the demand for food in China. This article outlines the issues facing Chinese agriculture and connects those issues to the global marketplace.
OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI FLAVONOID DARI DAUN PISANG KEPOK (MUSA PARADISIACA L) MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION (MAE)

Ekstraksi flavonoid dari daun pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca L) dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknologi microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Ekstraksi dengan bantuan gelombang mikro merupakan metode yang tepat untuk mengisolasi bahan kimia aktif. Proses ekstraksi flavonoid selanjutnya disempurnakan dengan menggunakan response surface methodology (RSM) berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari percobaan faktorial tiga level dan desain Box-Behnken (BBD). BBD adalah bentuk spesifik dari desain eksperimental yang dikenal sebagai desain faktorial tiga tingkat, yang bertujuan untuk mencegah masuknya kombinasi faktor yang ekstrim. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi teknik ekstraksi dengan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan mengoptimalkan daya gelombang mikro, waktu ekstraksi, dan konsentrasi pelarut untuk ekstraksi flavonoid. Variabel yang diteliti dalam percobaan ini meliputi tingkat daya, konsentrasi pelarut etanol, dan waktu ekstraksi. Tingkat daya diukur dalam watt dan mencakup tiga tingkat: 150, 300, dan 4500 Watt. Konsentrasi pelarut etanol dinyatakan sebagai persentase dan terdiri dari tiga konsentrasi: 50%, 60%, dan 70%. Serta waktu ekstraksi diukur dalam menit dan mencakup tiga durasi: 10, 15, dan 20 menit. Kondisi optimal untuk ekstraksi flavonoid dengan menggunakan teknologi microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) meliputi tingkat daya 300 watt, waktu ekstraksi 15 menit, dan konsentrasi pelarut 60%. Yield ekstraksi flavonoid dari daun pisang kapok ditentukan sebesar 11,38% pada kondisi tersebut.
An Optimal Control Analysis of the MERS-CoV Outbreak in South Korea

MERS-CoV is a respiratory disease that originated in the Middle East. This disease is caused by a novel coronavirus which transmits from Dromedary camels to humans, then passed on to other humans through direct contact or droplets. Said to be the biggest to occur outside of Middle East with 186 cases, the outbreak in South Korea should be discussed further. By going through the chain of transmission, it was found that 44\% of the infected individuals were exposed to the virus in the healthcare facilities' environment. To reduce the risk of exposure to the virus, several efforts have been made such as restricting healthcare facilities visitors and increasing the number of isolated individuals in hospitals. The previous study has developed a mathematical model for the outbreak in South Korea and estimated transmission rates from the data provided by the government. In this study, both efforts will be added as control variables to form an optimal control problem to minimize the number of infected individuals and the costs incurred. The optimal control will be obtained using the Pontryagin maximum principle, then simulated using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta forward-backward sweep method for two scenarios to see the effectiveness of both controls. The simulation showed that restricting health facilities visitors to limit the chance of exposure was the most effective strategy to control the MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea.
The Importance of Eco-Friendly Accomodation Sector Management

Accomodation is one of the fundamental components of tourism. However, there can be negative impacts on environment if tourism doesn’t well-managed. Today, there is a tendency to the eco-friendly applications in all over the world. In this respect, the number of eco-friendly accomodations is increasing day by day in accordance with the preference of more educated, middle and high-income tourists. In this study, the improtance of environmentally friendly management in accomodation sector is mentioned; environmentally sensitive hotels and their implementations reducing negative impacts of tourism are examplified, suggestions put forward.
The Competence of Personality Preservice Teacher Based on The Strengthening of Character Education

Personality competencies are one of the four competencies that the educators should have. LPTK is a college that will produce prospective teachers. This study aims to improve the competence of the personality of the prospective teacher through the strengthening of character education. The research method used is a mixed method, which is using quantitative method to see the effect and qualitative methods to describe the data of the research. Based on the results of the research, there are six aspects of strengthening the character education associated with the personnel competence of prospective teachers, namely: 1) The attitude of nationalism and patriotism, 2) appreciates the difference, 3) prioritizing the appealing, 4) stressful and authoritative attitude, 5) discipline attitude, and 6) calls of the soul. The sixth of this aspect is included in the character of strengthening the character education to improve the ability of personality student personnel prospective teachers.This model of characterizing strengthening can be used for learning in college science, especially the primary education of the school element teacher concludes future candidates.
Plasmonic nanostructures for environmental monitoring and/or biological applications

In this work, we have identified the size of microplastics collected from Shi Lake, China, using an optical tweezer micro-Raman spectroscopy (OTMRS) system. The microplastics were classified based on their size as products of degradation of large plastic material. Most of them were in the sub-20 μm regime. On the other hand, as nanoplastics may be more extensively distributed and hazardous than larger-sized plastics, their detection is a key point. Thus, we have designed a planar metamaterial structure and have studied the near-field enhancement in order to detect and analyze nanoplastics in aquatic environments with high sensitivity and selectivity. This study paves a way to improve our knowledge of small plastics abundance and pollution in freshwater around Shi Lake.
The Dependence of Sea Surface Roughness on the Height and Steepness of the Waves

It is proposed that the sea surface roughness zo can be predicted from the height and steepness of the waves, zo/Hs = A(Hs/Lp)B, where Hs and Lp are the significant wave height and peak wavelength for the combined sea and swell spectrum; best estimates for the coefficients are A = 1200, B = 4.5. The proposed formula is shown to predict well the magnitude and behavior of the drag coefficient as observed in wave tanks, lakes, and the open ocean, thus reconciling observations that previously had appeared disparate. Indeed, the formula suggests that changes in roughness due to limited duration or fetch are of order 10% or less. Thus all deep water, pure windseas, regardless of fetch or duration, extract momentum from the air at a rate similar to that predicted for a fully developed sea. This is confirmed using published field data for a wide range of conditions over lakes and coastal seas. Only for field data corresponding to extremely young waves (U10/cp > 3) were there appreciable differences between the predicted and observed roughness values, the latter being larger on average. Significant changes in roughness may be caused by shoaling or by swell. A large increase in roughness is predicted for shoaling waves if the depth is less than about 0.2Lp. The presence of swell in the open ocean acts, on average, to significantly decrease the effective wave steepness and hence the mean roughness compared to that for a pure windsea. Thus the predicted open ocean roughness is, at most wind speeds, significantly less than is observed for pure wind waves on lakes. Only at high wind speeds, such that the windsea dominates the swell, do the mean open ocean values reach those for a fully developed sea.