Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification and classification of deoxynivalenol-contaminated oat samples by near-infrared hyperspectral imaging.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most occurring mycotoxin in oat and oat-based products. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) has been proposed as a promising methodology for analysing DON contamination in the food industry. The present study aims to apply NIR-HSI for DON detection in oat kernels and to quantify and classify naturally DON-contaminated oat samples. Unground and ground oat samples were scanned by NIR-HSI before their DON content was determined by HPLC. The data were pre-treated and analysed by PLS regression and four classification methods. The most efficient DON prediction model was for unground samples (R2 = 0.75 and RMSEP = 403.18 μg/kg), using twelve characteristic wavelengths with a special interest in 1203 and 1388 nm. The random forest algorithm of unground samples according to the EU maximum limit for unprocessed oats (1750 μg/kg) achieved a classification accuracy of 77.8 %. These findings indicate that NIR-HSI is a promising tool for detecting DON in oats.
Robust finite-time H ∞ control for uncertain singular stochastic Markovian jump systems via proportional differential control law

This study focuses on the problem of robust finite-time H ∞ control for a class of uncertain singular stochastic Markovian jump systems with partially unknown transition rates via proportional differential control law (PDLC). The uncertainties are not only in state matrices and input matrices but also in differential matrices. New sufficient conditions for the existence of mode-dependent PDLC are derived in the form of strict linear matrix inequalities, such that the closed-loop system of the singular stochastic Markovian jump system is not only stochastic finite-time stable but also satisfies a prescribed performance. Numerical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Distortion of quasiconformal and quasiregular mappings at extremal points

Let ⊂ R be a domain, n ≥ 2. We call a mapping f : → R quasiregular if f ∈W 1,n loc ( , R) and if there exists 1 ≤ KO < ∞ such that |Df(x)|n ≤ KOJf (x) for almost all x ∈ . Here |Df(x)| is the operator norm of the differential matrix of f at x, and Jf (x) is the Jacobian determinant of Df(x). Quasiregular homeomorphisms are called quasiconformal maps. See [4; 5; 7; 8] for the basic theory of quasiconformal and quasiregular mappings. One of the properties of quasiregular mappings is that they are locally Hölder continuous with exponent α(m,KI) = (m/KI)1/(n−1). Here KI is the inner distortion of f , and m is the local index of f at the point at which the local modulus of continuity is measured; see Section 2 for the definitions. Also, for nonconstant quasiregular mappings it is true that the local modulus of continuity at a single point with local index m cannot be better than Hölder continuity with exponent β(m,KO) = (mKO)1/(n−1). See [5, III, Thm. 4.7] for the proofs of these properties. The purpose of this paper is to study the asymptotic behavior of quasiconformal and quasiregular mappings at points at which the mappings behave in an extremal way—in the sense of the local modulus of continuity. That is, we look at the local distortion of a mapping f at points at which the local modulus of continuity is either no better than α(m,KI) or no worse than β(m,KO). This kind of study was initiated by Kovalev in [2], where the planar case was considered. For quasiconformal mappings with distortion KO close to unity, good estimates for the linear dilatation have been proved in [6; 9]. The basic principle of the results in [2] is that, at the points that are extremal in the sense just described, the mapping distorts spheres somewhat like analytic functions do. Here we show that a similar phenomenom also occurs in higher dimensions. The results in [2] were proved by using estimates for solutions of the Beltrami equation, a method not available in higher dimensions. Here we will use methods similar to the ones established in [3]. Namely, we will use inequalities and estimates concerning the conformal modulus of families of (n − 1)-dimensional spheres and their images and preimages under the mappings in question.
PSF ESTIMATION WITH APPLICATIONS IN AUTOFOCUS AND IMAGE RESTORATION

In this paper, a wavelet based method is proposed to estimate the blur in an image using information contained in the image itself. We look at the sharpness of the sharpest edges in the blurred image, which contain information about the blurring. Specifically , a smoothness measure, the Lipschitz exponent, is computed for these sharpest edges. When one assumes that the blur can be described by one parameter (e.g., blur from a gaussian PSF can be described by the variance of the gaussian, defocus blur can be described by the radius of the circular PSF, ). A relation between this parameter and the magnitude of the Lipschitz exponent is shown, which is only dependent on the blur in the image and not on the image contents. This allows us to estimate the blur parameter directly from the image itself.
Experimental Radiative Lifetimes, Branching Fractions, and Oscillator Strengths for La II and a New Determination of the Solar Lanthanum Abundance

Radiative lifetimes, accurate in most cases to ±5%, from time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence measurements on a slow beam of lanthanum ions are reported for 31 odd-parity levels of La II. Experimental branching fractions for La II from emission spectra covering the near-ultraviolet to the near-infrared are also reported. The spectra were recorded using the US National Solar Observatory 1.0 m Fourier transform spectrometer. The branching fractions are combined with the radiative lifetimes to produce 84 experimentally determined transition probabilities or oscillator strengths, generally accurate to ±10%, for La II. These new experimental results are compared to older experimental and theoretical results. These data are applied to determine a new value for the solar photospheric lanthanum abundance, ⟨ ϵ(La)⟩ = 1.13, with estimated internal errors of ±0.03 and external errors of ±0.03.
Physical Human–Robot Interaction Control of Variable Stiffness Exoskeleton With sEMG-Based Torque Estimation

Robotic exoskeleton assistance is an effective method for the treatment of patients with movement disorders. First, this article presents a variable stiffness knee exoskeleton robot, which can independently control stiffness and position and has a large stiffness range under low preload. Then, combined with the designed variable stiffness exoskeleton, a physical human–robot interaction (pHRI) control scheme based on joint torque estimation is proposed. Different from previous studies, this method uses the mechanical properties of the exoskeleton to achieve pHRI without complex control algorithms and force/torque sensors. Furthermore, the joint torque is estimated based on the surface electromyography signal and the Hill-based muscle model, and the exoskeleton can realize assist-as-needed function: when the subject trains with less effort, the exoskeleton maintains a high output physical impedance to provide high tracking accuracy; and when the subject trains with greater effort, the exoskeleton maintains a low output impedance to provide high physical compliance. Finally, we conducted experiments on three healthy subjects and two subjects with lower limb motor dysfunction to verify the effectiveness of the torque estimation method and the pHRI control scheme.
Multilingualism, Bi/Multilingual Education and Social Inclusion: A Case Study in Southern Thailand

In a multicultural-multilingual society, inclusion requires equitable access to quality education as stated – UN Sustainable Development Goals, target 4 (sdg4). In the deep south of Thailand, the majority Muslim population speak Patani Malay in daily life, making language identity an issue as it is not recognized for official use. Students are required to study in Thai and as a result have the lowest academic achievement in the country. Furthermore, parents and the community have no confidence in government schools and some even fear that education is being used to destroy their ethnic identity. This paper presents a participatory action research, a Patani Malay-Thai mother tongue-based bi/multilingual education programme, implemented in Thailand’s Deep South as a case study of academic efforts to create social inclusion. Policies and practices will be discussed and related to the reinforcement of ethnic identity, enhancing educational achievement and tightening social cohesion.
A high flux of ultra-cold chromium atoms in a magnetic guide

We report the observation of a very high flux of ultra-cold bosonic chromium atoms in a magnetic guide. The beam is created by operating a magneto-optical trap/moving optical molasses within the magnetic field of the guide. A relative detuning between two pairs of the cooling lasers cools the atoms into a frame moving along the axes of the guide. When the atoms are cooled into a moving frame with a velocity of 6 m s−1 we observe a maximum of the flux of 6 × 109 atoms s−1. For these parameters the transversal temperature of the atoms after a 25 fold increase of the confining magnetic potential is about 1.2 mK. The longitudinal temperature is 400 µK.
Information Fusion Approach for Transformer Protection: Concept, Application, and Field Data Verification

The ultimate goal of power transformer protection system is to quickly and reliably detect internal faults while remaining stable for external faults and transients. Since in the conventional protection system, each relay decides about the transformer condition independently, it can be considered that the output signals of relays are logically “OR”ed with each other. In this case, confirming internal fault condition by more than one relay does not increase the confidence level of decision-making and consequently the operation speed, while maloperation of one function causes the failure of overall protection system. To cover this drawback, this article introduces a new protection paradigm based on fusing the decision of independent protection functions. The fundamental concepts along with an application of this approach are proposed in the article. Besides, to improve the fusion performance, a probabilistic approach for the protection functions is suggested. Results of the comprehensive evaluations and field data verifications demonstrate that the proposed approach not only increases the operation speed and dependability of protection system, but also improves its security by accurately detecting the transformer status even in cases where a protection function maloperates for a transient condition.
Roundoff error for floating point representation of real data

In the present paper we define aprobabilistic model for the study ofthe relative roundoff error in the floating point representation ofreal data. In particular, starting from the assumption that real data is uniformly distributed in the interval (0,1), each floating point is assigned aprobability value corresponding to the proportion of real data assigned this floating point value. For each real number x∼ U(0,1), we compute the relative roundoff error in the floating point representation and we calculate i t s expected value and variance.
High mobility of pentacene field-effect transistors with polyimide gate dielectric layers

Polyimide gate dielectric layers cured at 180 °C have been employed to fabricate high-quality pentacene field-effect transistors on polyethylenenaphthalate-based films. The surface roughness (root-mean square) of gate dielectric layers characterized by atomic force microscopy is only 0.2 nm, while that of the base film is 1 nm. The transistors with pentacene channel layers deposited on 990 nm polyimide gate dielectric layers attain the on/off ratio of 106 and mobility of 0.3 cm2/V s. Furthermore, by decreasing the thickness of polyimide gate dielectric layers down to 540 nm, the mobility is enhanced up to 1 cm2/V s.
Physique des mouvements rapides chez les plantes

Depourvues de muscles, certaines plantes mettent en œuvre des mouvements dont la fulgurance est comparable a celle des animaux. Nous montrons dans cet article que beaucoup de ces mouvements, necessites par la reproduction ou la nutrition, ont la meme base physique : une instabilite mecanique qui libere de l’energie elastique stockee. Deux grands types d’instabilites mecaniques sont utilises par les plantes pour amplifier la vitesse de leur mouvement : les ruptures solides ou liquides (cavitation) pour la propulsion des graines ou des spores de fougeres, et les instabilites de flambage elastique pour les pieges des plantes carnivores, telles que la Dionee ou l’utriculaire.
Statistical Theory of Equations of State and Phase Transitions. II. Lattice Gas and Ising Model

The problems of an Ising model in a magnetic field and a lattice gas are proved mathematically equivalent. From this equivalence an example of a two-dimensional lattice gas is given for which the phase transition regions in the p−v diagram is exactly calculated. A theorem is proved which states that under a class of general conditions the roots of the grand partition function always lie on a circle. Consequences of this theorem and its relation with practical approximation methods are discussed. All the known exact results about the two-dimensional square Ising lattice are summarized, and some new results are quoted.
Effect of Li doping in NiO thin films on its transparent and conducting properties and its application in heteroepitaxial p-n junctions

Li doped NiO (LixNi1−xO) thin films were epitaxially grown along [111] orientation on c-sapphire by pulsed laser deposition. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of the films were investigated using x-ray diffraction, four probe technique, and UV-visible spectra, respectively. The epitaxial growth of [111] Li doped NiO on [0001] sapphire was determined by using high resolution x-ray Φ scan. Effects of the deposition condition and Li doping concentration variations on the electrical and optical properties of Li doped NiO films were also investigated. The analysis of the resistivity data show that doped Li ions occupy the substitutional sites in the films, enhancing the p-type conductivity. The minimum resistivity of 0.15 Ω cm was obtained for Li0.07Ni0. 93O film. The activation energy of Li doped NiO films were estimated to be in the range of 0.11–0.14 eV. Based upon these values, a possible electrical transport mechanism is discussed. A p-n heterojunction has also been fabricated for the opti.
Planar Hall bead array counter microchip with NiFe/IrMn bilayers

The planar Hall effect (PHE) magnetic bead array countermicrochip integrating 24 of single sensors based on a simple NiFe/IrMn bilayer structure with a patterned size of 3×3 μm2 has been fabricated and characterized. Single PHE sensors exhibit a sensitivity of about 2.5 mΩ/Oe. It was well applied for single Dynabeads® M-280 detection, where one bead can induce a signal change, ΔV∼2.2 mV, under the applied magnetic field of 20 Oe and a sensing current of 2 mA. This type of microchip is promising for quickly detecting and identifying multiple biological agents in the environment.
Active millimeter-wave imaging using a raster scanner

A millimeter-wave imaging system has been developed operating at a center frequency of 94 GHz. The system has a single stationary mounted transmit and receive lensed horn antenna and two moving mirrors in x and y. The beam is generated by a FMCW-radar module. The final beam aperture is an off-set parabolic mirror which focuses the beam to a small spot at 2 m distance. Key component of the FMCW radar module is a MMIC, which includes a VCO, a MPA/HPA, two Lange-couplers, an LNA , a Wilkenson splitter, and an I/Q-mixer. This MMIC is fabricated using IAF's 100 nm metamorphic HEMT process.
Sociodemographic Disparities in Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure in Austria

We assess to what extent municipalities with socioeconomically vulnerable populations are disproportionately exposed to particulate matter in Austria. Although air quality in Austria has improved over the last decades, thresholds for safe air quality are still exceeded in large parts of the country and disparities both across and within Austrian regions exist. Particulate matter accounts for the largest environmental health damages of all ambient air pollutants. We use municipality level data on particulate matter exposure from the European Environmental Agency and sociodemographic data from Statistics Austria for 2015. We find that foreign citizens are disproportionately exposed to higher levels of particulate matter in Austria. This finding is robust with regards to different controls, regional fixed effects, and different particulate matter exposure indicators. Exposure disparities by citizenship are stronger in urban areas, where the large majority of foreign citizens live. We also find that citizens with low educational attainment are exposed to higher levels of particulate matter. The latter disparities are stronger in rural areas, where the majority of people with low educational attainment live. The relationship between income and air pollution follows an inverted U-shape in most specifications. High turning points and wide Fieller confidence intervals, however, suggest that the relationship is positive for most of the distribution and insignificant or negative for very high incomes. Overall, we find evidence that socioeconomically vulnerable municipalities are exposed to higher levels of particulate matter.
Weak shock reflection

We present numerical solutions of a two-dimensional inviscid Burgers equation which provides an asymptotic description of the Mach reflection of weak shocks. In our numerical solutions, the incident, reflected, and Mach shocks meet at a triple point, and there is a supersonic patch behind the triple point, as proposed by Guderley for steady weak-shock reflection. A theoretical analysis indicates that there is an expansion fan at the triple point, in addition to the three shocks. The supersonic patch is extremely small, and this work is the first time it has been resolved.
Accurate point spread function (PSF) estimation for coded aperture cameras

Accurate Point Spread Function (PSF) estimation of coded aperture cameras is a key to deblur defocus images. There are mainly two kinds of approaches to estimate PSF: blind-deconvolution-based methods, and measurement-based methods with point light sources. Both these two kinds of methods cannot provide accurate and convenient PSFs due to the limit of blind deconvolution or imperfection of point light sources. Inaccurate PSF estimation introduces pseudo-ripple and ringing artifacts which influence the effects of image deconvolution. In addition, there are many inconvenient situation for the PSF estimation. This paper proposes a novel method of PSF estimation for coded aperture cameras. It is observed and verified that the spatially-varying point spread functions are well modeled by the convolution of the aperture pattern and Gaussian blurring with appropriate scales and bandwidths. We use the coded aperture camera to capture a point light source to get a rough estimate of the PSF. Then, the PSF estimation method is formulated as the optimization of scale and bandwidth of Gaussian blurring kernel to fit the coded pattern with the observed PSF. We also investigate the PSF estimation at arbitrary distance with a few observed PSF kernels, which allows us to fully characterize the response of coded imaging systems with limited measurements. Experimental results show that our method is able to accurately estimate PSF kernels, which significantly make the deblurring performance convenient.
Vietnam’s Policies on Child Abuse Prevention and Abatement: Facts and Solutions

Children are the future of a country, and they should be at the center of the national development strategy and policies. However, these are also objects of vulnerability and abuse. Therefore, child protection and child-abuse prevention are the responsibilities of each country. In this article, the authors have mentioned and analyzed the following main issues: (i) The facts and the problem of child abuse in Vietnam; (ii) Causes of child abuse in Vietnam; (iii) Recommendations to improve laws and policies and the effectiveness of implementation of child abuse prevention and abatement in Vietnam.
Management of a Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Macroadenoma Associated With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and an Empty Sella

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and frequently presents with headaches, papilledema, and visual loss. Rarely, IIH has been reported in association with acromegaly. Although removal of the tumor may reverse this process, elevated ICP, especially in the setting of an otherwise empty sella, may result in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak that is exceedingly difficult to manage. We present the first case of a patient with a functional pituitary adenoma causing acromegaly associated with IIH and an otherwise empty sella and discuss our management paradigm for this rare condition.
Nonlinear voxel-based modelling of the haemodynamic response in fMRI

A common assumption for data analysis in functional magnetic resonance imaging is that the response signal can be modelled as the convolution of a haemodynamic response (HDR) kernel with a stimulus reference function. Early approaches modelled spatially constant HDR kernels, but more recently spatially varying models have been proposed. However, convolution limits the flexibility of these models and their ability to capture spatial variation. Here, a range of (nonlinear) parametric curves are fitted by least squares minimisation directly to individual voxel HDRs (i.e., without using convolution). A ‘constrained gamma curve’ is proposed as an efficient form for fitting the HDR at each individual voxel. This curve allows for spatial variation in the delay of the HDR, but places a global constraint on the temporal spread. The approach of directly fitting individual parameters of HDR shape is demonstrated to lead to an improved fit of response estimates.
The nonlinear spin-up of a stratified ocean

Examen de l'adaptation d'un ocean non lineaire, quasi geostrophique, stratifie, a une tension de vent appliquee sous forme d'impulsions, en faisant l'hypothese que l'existence de contours geostrophiques fermes est le principal effet de non-linearite. En termes de transport de Sverdrup, l'equation de l'evolution barocline est une equation d'advection diffusion forcee. Les solutions de cette equation, soumises a une divergence (pompage) d'Ekman ressemblant a un disque incline, sont obtenues analytiquement s'il n'y a pas diffusion numeriquement dans les autres cas. Similitude entre la presente equation et celle du fluide barotrope force en presence d'une topographie du fond. L'ecoulement barotrope, qui est suppose arriver instantanement a maturite, peut renverser la tendance a la propagation vers l'ouest (due a la rotation planetaire) et peut former des regions a contours geostrophiques fermes. Au sein de ces regions, la dissipation joue un role central; le modele approche alors un etat de vorticite potentielle uniforme. Les solutions trouvees completent les theories relatives a un etat permanent exigeant une diffusion faible, car il est montre que l'homogeneisation intervient pour une diffusion moderee. Examen de l'evolution du tourbillon potentiel et de la thermocline