Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced coupling of light use efficiency and water use efficiency in arid and semi‐arid environments

Both light use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) play essential roles in ecosystem production. The extent to which ecosystem production is affected by the coupling between LUE and WUE remains unclear. In this study, we used data from flux measurements and weather stations in the Heihe River Basin, China, along a strong climatic gradient to quantify the relationship between LUE and WUE. Variations of LUE explained up to 85% of the variations of WUE. The contribution of LUE to WUE increased with increasing water stress. Pearson's correlation coefficient between LUE and WUE increased from −0.12 to +0.63 with decreasing LUE. The coordination between LUE and WUE was essential to explaining the insensitive of WUE and GPP with increasing water stress. These results suggest that ecosystems enhance the coordination between light and water use when water stress is high. They enhance our understanding of the drought resilience of ecosystems and reduce uncertainties associated with the carbon cycle in drylands.
Influence of microstructural defects on the thermal conductivity of GaN: A molecular dynamics study

The lattice thermal conductivity is known to depend on crystal quality, but the reduction in thermal conductivity due to specific defects is presently unclear. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the impact of microstructural defects on the thermal conductivity of gallium nitride. The conductivity of a finite crystal was reduced to (39 ± 4)% by a screw dislocation density of 2.0 × 1013 cm−2 and to (51 ± 4)% by an edge dislocation of similar density, illustrating that the type of dislocation is important for thermal conductivity. The effect of stacking faults on thermal conductivity was also investigated.
Diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in differentiating the asthma-COPD overlap from COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Background Patients with asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) account for 15–20% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the incidence increases with age. Patients with ACO have worse outcomes without proper treatment than those with COPD alone. However, the current diagnostic criteria of ACO are mainly based on symptom features and lack of objective indicators. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was higher in ACO than in COPD alone. Thus, this study aims to determine the diagnostic value of FeNO in differentiating ACO from COPD and assisting clinical decision-making. Methods We conducted searches in the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase to extract original studies. Results In all, 10 studies involving 1335 participants were included in this meta-analysis. FeNO level was significantly higher in ACO patients than in patients with COPD alone (WMD = 11.15ppb, 95%CI = 9.01‒13.28; I2 = 18.0%, p = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity of FeNO in distinguishing ACO from COPD were both 0.71, and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.76, indicating that FeNO has moderate diagnostic accuracy in differentiating ACO from COPD. Conclusion FeNO as an inflammatory biomarker is effective in differentiating ACO from COPD and assisting in clinical decision-making.
Mechanical properties of WC-10Co-CNT nano-cemented carbide

Abstract Nanometer cemented carbide has a wide range of applications and prospects in the fields of machinery, metallurgy and industrial mold, based on its excellent mechanical performance. During the fabrication of WC-Co cemented carbide, the grains have high potential to grow up, how to manufacture the nano-cemented carbides with excellent comprehensive mechanical properties remains challenging. This paper demonstrates that the WC-10Co nano-cemented carbide combining with carbon nanotubes can realize enhanced the mechanical properties of nanomaterials. Ultra nanometer indentation tests are conducted to detect the hardness and elastic modulus of the nano-WC-10Co-CNT composite material. The key figure of merit of the CNT composite nano-material and its ability to refine the grains and to enhance the comprehensive performance are proved. We also envision that when the doping amount of CNT reaches to 0.7%, the performance of the nano CNT composite cemented carbide will degrade due to the exiting of free carbon.
Synthetic Data Generation from JSON Schemas

This document describes the steps taken in the development of DataGen From Schemas. This new version of DataGen is an application that makes it possible to automatically generate representative synthetic datasets from JSON and XML schemas, in order to facilitate tasks such as the thorough testing of software applications and scientific endeavors in relevant areas, namely Data Science. This paper focuses solely on the JSON Schema component of the application. DataGen’s prior version is an online open-source application that allows the quick prototyping of datasets through its own Domain Specific Language (DSL) of specification of data models. DataGen is able to parse these models and generate synthetic datasets according to the structural and semantic restrictions stipulated, automating the whole process of data generation with spontaneous values created in runtime and/or from a library of support datasets. The objective of this new product, DataGen From Schemas, is to expand DataGen’s use cases and raise the datasets specification’s abstraction level, making it possible to generate synthetic datasets directly from schemas. This new platform builds upon its prior version and acts as its complement, operating jointly and sharing the same data layer, in order to assure the compatibility of both platforms and the portability of the created DSL models between them. Its purpose is to parse schema files and generate corresponding DSL models, effectively translating the JSON specification to a DataGen model, then using the original application as a middleware to generate the final datasets.
EWVM, a Web Virtual Machine to Support Code Generation in Compiler Courses

This paper describes a project which goal is to analyze and model a complete Virtual stack Machine (VM) environment and build a Web application with a graphical interface to deploy an environment to compile and execute VM programs. The new tool offers two main features: assembles and reports errors in programs written in the assembly language of the Virtual Machine; and animates the execution of the compiled code, displaying the internal state of the VM and providing an interface to control the execution step-by-step. In the paper, after discussing related concepts and works, a proposal to build such a tool, so far called EWVM, will be presented along the architecture drawn. A prototype will be shown, and its impact as an educational tool is argued. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Software and its engineering → Compilers; Software and its engineering → Virtual machines
INGEIS Radiocarbon Laboratory Dates III

The following list presents results of dating of 55 paleoenvironmental and archaeological samples from Argentina, processed between 1984 and 1986 by M. A. Albero and F. Angiolini. Procedures for sample pretreatment, counting, statistical analysis and age calculation were essentially the same as previously described by Albero and Angiolini (1985). Results are reported as conventional 14C dates in years before ad 1950. They are corrected for isotopic fractionation.
Sticky Policies in OWL2: Extending PL with Fixpoints and Transitive Closure

PL is a low-complexity profile of OWL2, expressly designed to encode data usage policies and personal data protection regulations - such as the GDPR - in a machine understandable way. With PL, the compliance of privacy policies with the GDPR and with the data subjects' consent to processing can be checked automatically and in real time. In this paper, we extend PL to support "sticky policies". They are a sort of license that applies to data transfers, and specifies how the recipient can use the data. Sticky policies may be "recursive", i.e. they may apply not only to the first data transfer, but also to all subsequent transfer operations that the (direct or indirect) recipients may execute in the future. Such recursive sticky policies may be encoded with fixpoints or transitive role closure. In this paper we prove that such extensions make compliance checking intractable. Since the scalability of compliance checking is a major requirement in this area, these results justify a specialized, low complexity approach to encoding sticky policies.
두 가지 형태의 엘니뇨 정의에 따른 한반도 기후 상관성 분석

Recently, several studies pointed out that there are distinct two types of El Nino events based on the spatial pattern of SST. Since the two types of El Nino have different impacts on global climate, it is quite important to identify the type to assess and predict the regional climate variability. So far, however, there are still many different definitions to identify the two types of El Nino from the different studies. In this study, we investigated a sensitivity of the impacts on climate variability over the Korean Peninsula corresponding to the definition of two-types of El Nino. After checking pre-existing definitions and other possible definition, it is suggested here that two different definitions exhibit relatively strong relationship between El Nino events and the Korean climate variables when two types of El Nino are separated. In addition to the Korean climate, the two types of El Nino show quite distinct global teleconnection patterns when the definitions are used.
Structural Analysis of 6H–SiC(0001)√3×√3 Reconstructed Surface

Using coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS), the structure of the 6H–SiC(0001)√3×√3 reconstructed surface was investigated. As a result of composition analysis, the topmost layer of this surface was found to be covered with Si adatoms. Moreover, from the incidence angle dependence of the scattering intensity due to C atoms, it was found that the √3×√3 periodicity was formed by a one-third monolayer of Si adatoms occupying T4 sites, and the height of the Si adatoms from the first substrate layer was determined to be 1.5±0.2 Å.
No-Arbitrage Semi-Martingale Restrictions for Continuous-Time Volatility Models Subject to Leverage Effects, Jumps and I.I.D. Noise: Theory and Testable Distributional Implications

We develop a sequential procedure to test the adequacy of jump-diffusion models for return distributions. We rely on intraday data and nonparametric volatility measures, along with a new jump detection technique and appropriate conditional moment tests, for assessing the import of jumps and leverage effects. A novel robust-to-jumps approach is utilized to alleviate microstructure frictions for realized volatility estimation. Size and power of the procedure are explored through Monte Carlo methods. Our empirical findings support the jump-diffusive representation for S&P500 futures returns but reveal it is critical to account for leverage effects and jumps to maintain the underlying semi-martingale assumption.
NAVIGATING TOWARDS A DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM: THE CASE NAVIGATING TOWARDS A DIGITAL ECOSYSTEM: THE CASE STUDY OF OFFSHORE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUS-TRY STUDY OF OFFSHORE INFRASTRUCTURE INDUS-TRY

While Information Systems (IS) researchers have studied the role of digital platform governance mechanisms in digital ecosystems formation, less is known about the dynamics shaping nascent eco-systems formation prior to platfromization. This is particularly important in understanding transitions towards digital ecosystems in established industrial settings. Applying the theoretical lens of ambidex-terity, we investigate a case study of establishing a digital ecosystem in the offshore infrastructure industry. Our findings indicate that although firms seek transition towards operating in a digital ecosystem, the uncertainties of the situation ahead make it difficult for them to know just how such a digital form of organizing would look. To this end, we identify three digital ecosystem strategies companies pursue during nascent digital ecosystems formation: data structure control, data flow control and data content control. Based on these, we offer three contributions to existing digital ecosystems literature.
Robust stability in sequential MIMO QFT

The stability of multivariable linear time invariant control systems designed using sequential MIMO quantitative feedback theory (QFT) is examined. The class of systems considered have structured plant transfer function matrices (TFM) that are square and invertible and controllers TFM that are diagonal. By formulating the sequential design in both the direct plant domain and inverse plant domain a common set of design equations are developed. Necessary and sufficient conditions for robust closed-loop internal stability are derived that demonstrate the closed-loop system is stable if the final loop is stable. The results unify the sequential design approaches for stability and the design equations improve the transparency of sequential MIMO QFT.
High- and Low-Energy Nonthermal X-Ray Emission from the Abell 2199 Cluster of Galaxies

We report the detection of both soft and hard excess X-ray emission in the cluster of galaxies A2199, based upon spatially resolved spectroscopy with data from the BeppoSAX, Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, and ROSAT missions. The excess emission is visible at radii larger than 300 kpc and increases in strength relative to the isothermal component. The total 0.1-100 keV luminosity of this component is 15% of the cluster luminosity, but it dominates the cluster luminosity at high and low energies. We argue that the most plausible interpretation of the excess emission is an inverse Compton interaction between the cosmic microwave background and relativistic electrons in the cluster. The observed spatial distribution of the nonthermal component implies that there is a large halo of cosmic-ray electrons between 0.5 and 1.5 Mpc surrounding the cluster core. The prominent existence of this component has cosmological implications, since it is significantly changing our picture of clusters' particle acceleration history, dynamics between the thermal and relativistic media, and total mass budgets.
Insights into the roles of bacterial infection and antibiotics in Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which is accompanied with the classical motor symptoms and a range of non-motor symptoms. Bacterial infection affects the neuroinflammation associated with the pathology of PD and various antibiotics have also been confirmed to play an important role not only in bacterial infection, but also in the PD progression. This mini-review summarized the role of common bacterial infection in PD and introduced several antibiotics that had anti-PD effects.
Review on the roles of specific cell-derived exosomes in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide and cannot be effectively cured or prevented; thus, early diagnosis, and intervention are important. The importance of exosomes, membrane-bound extracellular vesicles produced in the endosome of eukaryotic cells, in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of AD has been recognized; however, their specific functions remain controversial and even unclear. With the development of exosome extraction, isolation, and characterization, many studies have focused on exosomes derived from different cells and body fluids. In this study, we summarized the roles of exosomes derived from different body fluids and cells, such as neuron, glial, stem, and endothelial cells, in the development, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of AD. We also emphasize the necessity to focus on exosomes from biological fluids and specific cells that are less invasive to target. Moreover, aside from the concentrations of classic and novel biomarkers in exosomes, the size and number of exosomes may also influence early and differential diagnosis of AD.
Research Progress on the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Liver Metastases

Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality, and more than 75% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liver metastases occur in 20% of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and their prognosis are poor. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy have made breakthrough progress in advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, compared with the overall population, the liver metastases population was an independent prognostic factor for poor immunotherapy response. Whether and how immunotherapy can work in NSCLC patients with liver metastases is a major and unresolved challenge. Although more and more data have been disclosed, the research progress of NSCLC liver metastasis is still limited. How liver metastasis modulates systemic antitumor immunity and the drug resistance mechanisms of the liver immune microenvironment have not been elucidated. We systematically focused on non-small cell lung cancer patients with liver metastases, reviewed and summarized their pathophysiological mechanisms, immune microenvironment characteristics, and optimization of immunotherapy strategies.
Fuzzy interpolation-based Q-learning with continuous states and actions

This paper proposes a new method of Q-learning where fuzzy inference is introduced to calculate the Q-function that evaluates the state/action pairs so as to enable us to deal with continuous-valued pairs and continuous-valued states and actions. In this method, the Q-function is updated using the steepest descent method. Our proposed method is applied to a cart-pole balancing system, which demonstrates considerable improvements in its control performance with the aid of the fuzzy inference.
Alterations in motor modules and their contribution to limitations in force control in the upper extremity after stroke

The generation of isometric force at the hand can be mediated by activating a few motor modules. Stroke induces alterations in motor modules underlying steady-state isometric force generation in the human upper extremity (UE). However, how the altered motor modules impact task performance (force production) remains unclear as stroke survivors develop and converge to the three-dimensional (3D) target force. Thus, we tested whether stroke-specific motor modules would be activated from the onset of force generation and also examined how alterations in motor modules would induce changes in force representation. During 3D isometric force development, electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from eight major elbow and shoulder muscles in the paretic arm of 10 chronic hemispheric stroke survivors and both arms of six age-matched control participants. A non-negative matrix factorization algorithm identified motor modules in four different time windows: three “exploratory” force ramping phases (Ramps 1–3; 0–33%, 33–67%, and 67–100% of target force magnitude, respectively) and the stable force match phase (Hold). Motor module similarity and between-force coupling were examined by calculating the scalar product and Pearson correlation across the phases. To investigate the association between the end-point force representation and the activation of the motor modules, principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate multiple linear regression analyses were applied. In addition, the force components regressed on the activation profiles of motor modules were utilized to model the feasible force direction. Both stroke and control groups developed exploratory isometric forces with a non-linear relationship between EMG and force. During the force matching, only the stroke group showed abnormal between-force coupling in medial-lateral and backward-forward and medial-lateral and downward-upward directions. In each group, the same motor modules, including the abnormal deltoid module in stroke survivors, were expressed from the beginning of force development instead of emerging during the force exploration. The PCA and the multivariate multiple linear regression analyses showed that alterations in motor modules were associated with abnormal between-force coupling and limited feasible force direction after stroke. Overall, these results suggest that alterations in intermuscular coordination contribute to the abnormal end-point force control under isometric conditions in the UE after stroke.
Emerging concepts regarding pro- and anti tumor properties of B cells in tumor immunity

Controversial views regarding the roles of B cells in tumor immunity have existed for several decades. However, more recent studies have focused on its positive properties in antitumor immunity. Many studies have demonstrated a close association of the higher density of intratumoral B cells with favorable outcomes in cancer patients. B cells can interact with T cells as well as follicular dendritic cells within tertiary lymphoid structures, where they undergo a series of biological events, including clonal expansion, somatic hypermutation, class switching, and tumor-specific antibody production, which may trigger antitumor humoral responses. After activation, B cells can function as effector cells via direct tumor-killing, antigen-presenting activity, and production of tumor-specific antibodies. At the other extreme, B cells can obtain inhibitory functions by relevant stimuli, converting to regulatory B cells, which serve as an immunosuppressive arm to tumor immunity. Here we summarize our current understanding of the bipolar properties of B cells within the tumor immune microenvironment and propose potential B cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies, which may help promote cancer immunotherapy.
The effect of environment on intestinal microbial diversity of Panthera animals may exceed genetic relationship

Intestinal microbes are important symbiotes in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, which are affected by food, environment, climate, genetics, and other factors. The gut microbiota of felines has been partially studied, but a comprehensive comparison of the gut microbiota of Panthera species was less reported. In this study, we compared the gut microbial composition and diversity of five species of Panthera (Panthera tigris, Panthera leo, Panthera onca, Panthera pardus, and Panthera uncia) by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing. The results showed that Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum among all the Panthera species, followed by Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Gemmatimonadetes, and Euryarchaeota. There were significant differences in observed species of fecal microbiota among different Panthera animals (P < 0.05), indicating that there is species specificity among Panthera fecal microbiota. When the samples were further grouped according to sampling locations, the comparison of the alpha diversity index between groups and beta diversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in the fecal microflora of animals from different sampling locations. Cluster analysis showed that fecal microbes of animals from the same sampling location were clustered, while gut microbes of animals of the same species, but from different sampling locations, were separated. These results indicate that environment may have more influence on mammals’ fecal microbial diversity than genetic relationships.