Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous diffusion, spatial coherence, and viscoelasticity from the energy landscape of human chromosomes

Significance Several active processes operate on eukaryotic genomes, dictating their three-dimensional arrangement and dynamical properties. The combination of structural organization and dynamics is essential to the proper functioning of the cell. We show that an effective energy landscape model for chromatin provides a unifying description of both the structural and dynamical aspects of the genome, recapitulating many of its features. Using this quasi-equilibrium energy landscape model, we demonstrate that the physical interactions accounting for genome architecture also lead to the nontrivial dynamical behavior of genomes previously described in multiple experimental observations. The nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is a nonequilibrium system where chromatin is subjected to active processes that continuously rearrange it over the cell’s life cycle. Tracking the motion of chromosomal loci provides information about the organization of the genome and the physical processes shaping that organization. Optical experiments report that loci move with subdiffusive dynamics and that there is spatially coherent motion of the chromatin. We recently showed that it is possible to predict the 3D architecture of genomes through a physical model for chromosomes that accounts for the biochemical interactions mediated by proteins and regulated by epigenetic markers through a transferable energy landscape. Here, we study the temporal dynamics generated by this quasi-equilibrium energy landscape assuming Langevin dynamics at an effective temperature. Using molecular dynamics simulations of two interacting human chromosomes, we show that the very same interactions that account for genome architecture naturally reproduce the spatial coherence, viscoelasticity, and the subdiffusive behavior of the motion in interphase chromosomes as observed in numerous experiments. The agreement between theory and experiments suggests that even if active processes are involved, an effective quasi-equilibrium landscape model can largely mimic their dynamical effects.
La contractualisation de la société

Pourquoi dois-je ecrire ce texte ? Personne ne m'y a contraint. J'y suis pourtant oblige, tenu par une parole, par un « oui », qui m'a malencontreusement echappe il y a quelques mois et me lie maintenant comme un âne a son piquet. Cette image champetre me vient d'un vieil adage retraduit du droit romain au XVIIe siecle : « On lie les bœufs par les cornes et les hommes par les paroles ». Voila qui nous en dit long sur l'Homme et la societe, et sur ce qui les distingue du monde animal. Ce que nous appelons « societe » est un ensemble de liens de paroles, fixees souvent dans des textes, qui attachent des hommes les uns aux autres, et il n'y a donc pas, de ce point de vue, de societe animale possible. Toutes nos paroles ne nous lient pas, ne nous « obligent » pas, au sens a la fois litteral et etymologique du mot (ob-ligare : attacher a) ; je ne suis, par exemple, nullement tenu par ce que je suis en train d'ecrire en ce moment et conserve le droit de m'en dedire ou de me contredire. Et, parmi les paroles (ou les textes) qui m'obligent, qui m'attachent a autrui, il faut distinguer celles qui procedent de moi et celles qui procedent d'autrui. Car ces dernieres, qui ont autorite sur moi sans que je les ai prononcees ou acceptees, ont ete necessairement premieres dans le cours de ma vie. L'etre rationnel procede des institutions et non pas l'inverse. Pour que « je » puisse m'engager, il fallait bien que ce «je » ait ete auparavant institue par autrui. Il fallait bien que d'autres, qui avaient autorite pour le faire, m'inscrivent dans une filiation, me donnent un nom et une nationalite et me conferent plus tard un statut universitaire sans lequel je doute que « l'Universite de tous les savoirs » ait eu l'idee de faire appel a moi pour ecrire ce texte. Semblablement, pour que je puisse me lier avec l'« Universite de tous les savoirs », il fallait bien que celle-ci ait ete instituee comme personne morale par des paroles et des ecrits qui ont precede et conditionne sa naissance et auxquels elle ne pouvait prendre aucune part. En francais courant, on parle de loi et de contrat pour distinguer ces deux sortes de liens qui nous tiennent et nous font tenir ensemble : du cote de la loi se trouvent les textes et les paroles qui s'imposent a nous independamment de notre volonte et du cote du contrat ceux qui procedent d'un libre accord avec autrui. Toute personne se trouve ainsi tenue a la fois par le statut que la loi lui assigne et par les engagements qu'elle a contractes. Dire que la societe se contractualise, c'est dire que la part des liens prescrits y regresse au profit des liens consentis ou, en termes savants, que l'heteronomie y recule au profit de l'autonomie.
Text-based Sentiment Analysis and Music Emotion Recognition

Nowadays, with the expansion of social media, large amounts of user-generated texts like tweets, blog posts or product reviews are shared online. Sentiment polarity analysis of such texts has become highly attractive and is utilized in recommender systems, market predictions, business intelligence and more. We also witness deep learning techniques becoming top performers on those types of tasks. There are however several problems that need to be solved for efficient use of deep neural networks on text mining and text polarity analysis. First of all, deep neural networks are data hungry. They need to be fed with datasets that are big in size, cleaned and preprocessed as well as properly labeled. Second, the modern natural language processing concept of word embeddings as a dense and distributed text feature representation solves sparsity and dimensionality problems of the traditional bag-of-words model. Still, there are various uncertainties regarding the use of word vectors: should they be generated from the same dataset that is used to train the model or it is better to source them from big and popular collections that work as generic text feature representations? Third, it is not easy for practitioners to find a simple and highly effective deep learning setup for various document lengths and types. Recurrent neural networks are weak with longer texts and optimal convolution-pooling combinations are not easily conceived. It is thus convenient to have generic neural network architectures that are effective and can adapt to various texts, encapsulating much of design complexity. This thesis addresses the above problems to provide methodological and practical insights for utilizing neural networks on sentiment analysis of texts and achieving state of the art results. Regarding the first problem, the effectiveness of various crowdsourcing alternatives is explored and two medium-sized and emotion-labeled song datasets are created utilizing social tags. One of the research interests of Telecom Italia was the exploration of relations between music emotional stimulation and
Statistical Learning from Accented Speech : A Bilingual Advantage

Statistical learning refers to the ability to track regularities in sensory input from the ambient environment. This learning mechanism can exploit a wide range of different aspects of statistical structures, such as frequency, variability, distribution, co-occurrence probability and correlations (see Lany & Saffran, 2013 for a review). Given its regularities and hierarchical structures, language is essentially a pattern-based system and therefore researchers have argued that statistical learning is fundamental to language learning (e.g., Saffran, 2003). However, despite the arguably essential nature of statistical learning to language acquisition, to date, most studies have examined statistical learning using a single input language – thus modeling only monolingual acquisition. Although a handful of recent studies have examined how adults segment two artificial languages, these studies have only explored how speaker-specific contextual cues facilitate adult word segmentation within two languages (e.g. two voices or faces differing in gender; see Weiss, Poepsel & Gerfen, 2015, for a review). This leads to the question of whether other contextual cues, especially those that might be present in naturally occurring bilingual environments, can also facilitate learners’ segmentation of two languages within the same paradigm. Further, previous studies focused on monolingual participants. Bilingual participants may differ from monolinguals in a dual input task due to their experience with language variation. This paper seeks to address these research gaps. We examine whether a single individual’s phonetic cues (i.e., accent) can facilitate adult segmentation from dual inputs, and also extend the research to bilingual populations.
Critical Fabulations: Reworking the Methods and Margins of Design

ed capabilities of modes and media but instead by the interand intrapersonal affective relationships enabled, in part, by modes and media. Yet, many of the texts informing multimodality theories deny too much the possibility of the personal to shape actions with modality. Sarah Pink’s (2011) call for greater attention to ethnography by multimodal scholars has seemingly shaped scores of ethnographers, as evidenced, at least, by the creation of multimodal ethnographic journals such as entanglements, but has yet to fully coalesce toward new theories of modality. Complicating calls for new articulations of modality theories are scholars who see the monolithic currenttraditional approach to modality (i.e. informed by western categories of perception and literacy) as unproblematic or “inconsequential” when the subject of such research takes place in dominant culture and dominant media practices (Jewitt & Leder Mackley, 2019, p. 99). Yet, radical difference and subversion, even incrementally so, exist in all places and moments. Perhaps by better embracing the alliances, recuperations, interferences, and extensions that Rosner calls for, multimodal researchers and designers might find ways of attending to: a multitude of material concerns and entanglements, a recognition of occluded narratives, a challenge to disembodied views of making and experiencing, and an accountability for all the people and things in the design process. References Irani, L.C. , & Silberman, M. (2014). “From critical design to critical infrastructure: lessons from the Turkopticon”. Interaction 21, no. 4: 32-35. Jewitt, C. & Leder Mackley, K. , (2019). “Methodological dialogues across multimodality and sensory ethnography: digital touch communication”. Qualitative Research 19 (1): 90-110. Madianou, M. & Miller, D. (2012). ‘Polymedia: towards a new theory of digital media in interpersonal communication”. International Journal of Cultural Studies 16 (2): 169-187. Pink, S. (2011). ‘Multimodality, multisensorality and ethnographic knowing: social semiotics and the phenomenology of perception’. Qualitative Research 11 (3): 261-276. Rosner, D. (2018). Critical Fabulations: Reworking the methods and margins of design. Cambridge: MIT Press. 214 Chris Scheidler Chris Scheidler is a PhD candidate in Rhetoric and Composition at the University of Louisville. His ethnographic research focuses on the cultural understandings of modality and media that designers draw from in their multimedia production. His work aims to develop strategies for how designers can navigate and respond to constraints of technology, software, and lingering monomodal ideologies. He is currently a project manager for a community engagement project that organizes and supports local youth art-activists. He can be found on Twitter @CAscheidler
Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel for Local Anticancer Prodrug Delivery in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Gliomas represent approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors, and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) accounts for nearly half of all gliomas. GBM is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite aggressive treatment including tumor resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy, the median survival rate for GBM averages between 12 and 15 months, with a 2-year survival rate less than 25%. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the survival rate of those affected by GBM. Chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent, Temozolomide (TMZ), is commonly used as a first-line treatment for GBM. TMZ is an orally delivered drug that is known to be stable or inactive in the acidic pH environment of the stomach and begins to convert to its active form at a neutral pH in the bloodstream. However, studies have shown that full conversion of TMZ to its active form occurs at a more basic pH. Further, after TMZ is converted to its active form, it is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby limiting availability in the brain and lowering the effectiveness of TMZ. Recently, peptides have been utilized as delivery systems for hydrophobic anticancer drugs or agents. These peptides are advantageous due to their biocompatibility, and high loading capacity for hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. To facilitate the delivery of TMZ, and potentially other hydrophobic drugs, we propose an innovative local delivery strategy using hydrophilic and alternating hydrophobic and acidic amino acids to form a peptide hydrogel. We hypothesize that the hydrophobic residues of the peptide hydrogel will load TMZ, and the hydrophilic residues will convert TMZ to its active form as the hydrogel degrades. This therapeutic strategy will allow for extended release of TMZ, thus increasing the efficacy of the drug.
Polysaccharide structure dictates mechanism of adaptive immune response to glycoconjugate vaccines

Significance Helper T cell responses to glycoconjugate vaccines are regulated through mechanisms dependent upon the structure of the polysaccharide. We show that three of the four important conjugate vaccines tested induced antibody responses regulated primarily by carbohydrate-recognizing helper T cells. However, the adaptive immune response to meningococcal group C (MenC) conjugate was restricted to peptide-recognizing helper T cells. We show that MenC is degraded to a monomeric sialic acid residue that cannot be recognized by T cell receptor as an independent antigen. The structure of the saccharide constitutes a critical factor in determining the processing and presentation of glycoconjugate vaccines. An understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immune responses to glycoconjugates will be crucial in the production of highly protective knowledge-based vaccines. Glycoconjugate vaccines are among the most effective interventions for preventing several serious infectious diseases. Covalent linkage of the bacterial capsular polysaccharide to a carrier protein provides CD4+ T cells with epitopes that facilitate a memory response to the polysaccharide. Classically, the mechanism responsible for antigen processing was thought to be similar to what was known for hapten-carrier conjugates: protease digestion of the carrier protein in the endosome and presentation of a resulting peptide to the T cell receptor on classical peptide-recognizing CD4+ T cells. Recently, an alternative mechanism has been shown to be responsible for the memory response to some glycoconjugates. Processing of both the protein and the polysaccharide creates glycopeptides in the endosome of antigen-presenting cells. For presentation, the peptide portion of the glycopeptide is bound to MHCII, allowing the covalently linked glycan to activate carbohydrate-specific helper CD4+ T cells (Tcarbs). Herein, we assessed whether this same mechanism applies to conjugates prepared from other capsular polysaccharides. All of the glycoconjugates tested induced Tcarb-dependent responses except that made with group C Neisseria meningitidis; in the latter case, only peptides generated from the carrier protein were critical for helper T cell recognition. Digestion of this acid-sensitive polysaccharide, a linear homopolymer of α(2 → 9)-linked sialic acid, to the size of the monomeric unit resulted in a dominant CD4+ T cell response to peptides in the context of MHCII. Our results show that different mechanisms of presentation, based on the structure of the carbohydrate, are operative in response to different glycoconjugate vaccines.
Baer-invariants of algebras

Explicitly this paper deals with functors of the category ,A of associative algebras-not necessarily with identity-over a commutative ring A with identity. The contents of the first part remain valid however in a much more general situation. We have formulated the theory of Baer-invariants in ? 1-3 in the language of A-algebras, in order to exhibit their significance in a concrete category and also in order to preserve the continuity with the later sections. The translations into abstract terms does not present any difficulty. It is in particular clear that the definitions and results of ? 1-3 apply equally well to any variety (D of groups with multiple operators in the sense of P. J. Higgins (cf. [3]). With every subvariety ! 3 of (D there is associated a subfunctor and a quotient functor of the identity functor of (D (cf. ? 1, see also [5]). The absolute Baerinvariants appear then as their "derived" functors (? 3), the procedure involved being, however, quite different from that in [6]. The principal homological tool is that of a normal short complex (cf. ? 2). Relative invariants are obtained by considering pairs of varieties F83 and t32 (cf. ? 3). Historically one may take as starting point of the theory the discovery by Hopf (cf. [4]) that if
Single-Case Designs for Educational Research

Preface. I. BACKGROUND. 1. Conducting Experiments. 2. History of Single-Case Designs. II. STRATEGIC ISSUES. 3. Functional Relations. 4. Direct and Systematic Replication. 5. Experimental Questions. III. MEASUREMENT. 6. Quantifying Behavior. 7. Recording Systems. 8. Interobserver Agreement. IV. DESIGN TACTICS. 9. A-B-A-B Designs. 10. Multielement Designs. 11. Multiple Baseline Designs. 12. Repeated Acquisition Designs. 13. Brief Experimental Designs. 14. Combined Designs. V. ANALYZING DATA. 15. Visual Data Analysis. 16. Social Validity. References.
The learning portfolio: Reflective practice for improving student learning 2nd Ed.

About the Author. About the Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. PART I: About Student Learning Portfolios. 1. An Overview of Student Learning Portfolios. 2. Practical Questions and Issues About Student Learning Portfolios. 3. Important Factors in Developing and Using Student Learning Portfolios. 4. Electronic Learning Portfolios. PART II: Models of Successful Use of Learning Portfolios. PART III: Sample Learning Portfolio Selections. PART IV: Practical Materials. References. Index.
A splintered vision : an investigation of U.S. science and mathematics education

Introduction. 1. Unfocused Curricula. 2. U.S. Textbooks: Conflicting Demands, Cautious Visions. 3. U.S. Teachers: Responding to Splintered Visions. 4. How Has Our Vision Become So Splintered? 5. So What Can We Expect from U.S. Students? 6. Open Questions: How Do We Get Where We Want to Go? Appendix A: TIMSS Curriculum Framewords: Measuring Curricular Elements. Appendix B: Documents Analyzed. Appendix C: Means, Proportions, and Standard Errors for Teacher Data. Appendix D: List of Exhibits. Endnotes.
Goodman & Gilman\'s manual of pharmacology and therapeutics / [editors, Laurence L. Brunton, Keith L. Parker ; associate editors, Donald K. Blumenthal, Iain L.O. Buxton]

Put the authority of Goodman & Gilman's in the palm of your hand! 5 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! ". the most authoritative and trusted source of pharmacological information, has now spawned a portable pocket drug guide.This manual extracts the essential core drug information from the eleventh edition of the parent book, referring the reader to the online version of the parent book for historical aspects, many chemical and clinical details, and additional figures and references. This makes G & G a very useful book. This will be of use to individuals in training or practice in the fields of pharmacy, medicine, nursing, or allied health disciplines where knowledge of drug actions are important.Each chapter provides the core essential information provided in the parent book in a very readable format. Readers can use this easy to handle and read manual for essential information along with the online version of the parent book as a reference for more in-depth specific information on drugs. " --Doody's Review Service The Goodman & Gilman Manual of Pharmacology and Therapeutics offers the renowned content of Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Eleventh Edition, condensed into an ultra-handy, streamlined reference. More than just a pocket drug guide, this indispensable resource offers: A carry-along source of essential fundamental information, with all the authority of Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, Eleventh Edition The benefits of the world's leading pharmacology text in a convenient, portable format Comprehensive, yet streamlined and clinically relevant coverage of the pharmacological basis of therapeutics High-yield overview of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and the foundations of pharmacology Expert insights into the properties, mechanisms, and uses of all the major drug classes Considerations of vital patient-specific issues
The effect of sample size and proportion of buyers in the sample on the performance of list segmentation equations generated by regression analysis

List segmentation refers to the set of techniques employed by direct mail marketers to attempt to predict those specific individuals who are more likely than others on a list to respond to a specific direct mail solicitation. Regression analysis is a commonly used list Segmentation technique which yields managerially useful results. However, the commonly accepted criteria for evaluating the “goodness” of regression equations (such as adjusted or unadjusted R2) are inappropriate in the list segmentation context. The authors describe a superior evaluation criterion—the Pareto Prediction Criterion—and report on a study in which a series of A/B (scoring equation generation sample/holdout evaluation sample) experiments are conducted, with both the sample size and proportion of buyers of each sample (A and B) varying. The results of our study indicate that when the response rate is held constant, the sample size does have a significant impact on the segmentation's performance. Moreover. “salting the data” (artificially inflating the response rate in the sample, resulting in a data set to be analyzed with higher proportion of buyers than in actuality) has a positive effect on segmentation performance when applied to “A,” the data set from which the scoring equation is generated, but has no effect on segmentation performance when applied to “B,” the holdout sample.
An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology

List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface to the Second Edition. List of Abbreviations. 1. Introduction. 2. Segmental Articulation. 3. Units of Speech. 4. The Phonemic Organization of Speech. 5. The Generative Approach to Phonology. 6. The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production. 7. The Acoustics of Speech Production. 8. Speech Perception. 9. Prosody. 10. Feature Systems. 11. The Progress of Phonology. Appendix 1: Phonetic Symbols. Appendix 2: Features. References. Index.