Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed leadership: taking a retrospective and contemporary view of the evidence base

ABSTRACT Distributed leadership is one of the most influential and well-discussed ideas to emerge in the field of educational leadership. Prompted by the foundational and seminal work of Spillane et al. (2001) the idea of shared or ‘stretched’ leadership that incorporates both formal and informal leaders, has been of interest to researchers, policy-makers practitioners and educational reformers around the globe. Distributed leadership has captured the attention of many international researchers and as this article will show, has been the focus of a great deal of empirical enquiry. This article looks at the two decades of research that followed the pivotal Spillane et al. (2001) article on distributed leadership. Firstly, it takes a retrospective view by drawing upon selected literature from 2001 to 2011 mapping out the main findings based on this empirical terrain. Secondly, it offers a contemporary view by exploring recently selected literature on distributed leadership from 2011 to 2021. The article does not claim to be a systematic review of the literature but rather, offers some insights into selected evidence over two decades. The article considers how far distributed leadership remains a relevant concept for those working within the field of educational leadership.
Net charge fluctuation and string fragmentation

We present simulation results of net charge ﬂuctuation in Au + Au collisions at √ s nn =130 GeV from a dynamic model, JPCIAE. The calculations are done for the quark-gluon phase before hadronization, the pion gas, the resonance pion gas from ρ and ω decays and so on. The simulations of the charge ﬂuctuation show that the discrepancy exists between the dynamic model and the thermal model for a pion gas and a resonance pion gas from ρ and ω decays while the simulated charge ﬂuctuation of the quark-gluon phase is close to the thermal model prediction. JPCIAE results of net charge ﬂuctuation in the hardonic phase are nearly 4 − 5 times larger than one for the quark-gluon phase, which implies that the charge ﬂuctuation in the quark-gluon phase may not survive the hadronization (string fragmentation) as implemented in JPCIAE. compared The simulations although simulated close that from the model seen between found
Hořava–Lifshitz cosmology: a review

Here we review the basic construction and cosmological implications of a power-counting renormalizable theory of gravitation, recently proposed by Hořava. We explain that (i) at low energy this theory does not exactly recover general relativity but instead mimics general relativity plus dark matter; (ii) higher spatial curvature terms allow bouncing and cyclic universes as regular solutions; (iii) the anisotropic scaling with the dynamical critical exponent z = 3 solves the horizon problem and leads to scale-invariant cosmological perturbations even without inflation. We also comment on issues related to an extra scalar degree of freedom called scalar graviton. In particular, for spherically-symmetric, static, vacuum configurations we prove non-perturbative continuity of the λ → 1 + 0 limit, where λ is a parameter in the kinetic action and general relativity has the value λ = 1. We also derive the condition under which linear instability of the scalar graviton does not show up.
Frequency shift of optical phonons in doped graphene layers

We use first-principles density-functional calculations to determine the frequency shift of the A$'_1$-${\bf K}$ phonon (Raman D band) in monolayer graphene, as a function of the charge doping. A detailed DFT study on the electron-phonon coupling and the phonon line width of E$_{2g}$-${\bm \Gamma}$ and A$'_1$-${\bf K}$ phonons are also performed for graphene multi-layers. Furthermore, we explain the experimentally observed '1/(Number of Layers)' behaviour of the Raman G band position after including the dynamic response treated within time dependent perturbation theory.
Possible latitude effects of Chern-Simons gravity on quantum interference

It has been recently suggested that possible effects of Chern-Simons gravity on a quantum interferometer are dependent on the latitude and direction of the interferometer on Earth in orbital motion around Sun. Continuing work initiated in the earlier publication [Okawara, Yamada and Asada, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 231101 (2012)], we perform numerical calculations of time variation in the induced phase shifts for nonequatorial cases. We show that the maximum phase shift at any latitude might occur at 6, 0 (and 12), and 18 hours (in local time) of each day, when the normal vector to the interferometer is vertical, eastbound and northbound, respectively. If two identical interferometers were located at different latitudes, the difference between two phase shifts that are measured at the same local time would be $O(\sin \delta\varphi)$ for a small latitude difference $\delta\varphi$. It might thus become maximally $\sim 20$ percents for $\delta\varphi \sim 10$ degrees, for instance.
Optimization and Synthesis of a Robot Fish Motion

Inverse method algorithm for investigation of mechatronic systems in vibration technology is used for robotic systems motion control synthesis. The main difference of this method in comparison with simple analysis method is that before synthesis of a real system the optimal control task for abstract initial subsystem is solved [1 4]. As a result of calculations the optimal control law is found that allows to synthesize series of structural schemes for real systems based on initial subsystem. Is shown that near the optimal control excitation new structural schemes may be found in the medium of three kinds of strongly non–linear systems: systems with excitation as a time function; systems with excitation as a function of phase coordinates only; systems with both excitations mixed [2 – 4]. Two types of vibration devices are considered. The first one is a vibration translation machine with constant liquid or air flow excitation. The main idea is to find the optimal control law for variation of additional surface area of machine working head interacting with water or air medium. The criterion of optimization is the time required to move working head of the machine from initial position to end position. The second object of the theoretical study is a fin type propulsive device of robotic fish moving inside water. In that case the aim is to find optimal control law for variation of additional area of vibrating tail like horizontal pendulum which ensures maximal positive impulse of motion forces acting on the tail. Both problems have been solved by using the Pontryagin’s maximum principle. It is shown that the optimal control action corresponds to the case of boundary values of area. One real prototype was investigated in linear water tank.
EVIDENCE FOR TWO DISTINCT STELLAR INITIAL MASS FUNCTIONS: REVISITING THE EFFECTS OF CLUSTER DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION

We measure the velocity dispersions of six galactic globular clusters using spatially integrated spectra, to test for the effects of internal dynamical evolution in the stellar mass-to-light ratios, ϒ*, of star clusters. In particular, we revisit whether the low values of ϒ* that we found in our previous study, from which we concluded that there are at least two population of stellar clusters with distinct stellar initial mass functions, are artificially depressed by relaxation driven mass loss. The combination of our previous sample of five old clusters and these six now provide an order of magnitude range in cluster mass with which to explore this issue. We find no relationship between cluster mass, or relaxation time, and ϒ*. Because relaxation is mass dependent, we conclude that the values of ϒ* for these clusters are not strongly affected by dynamical effects, and so confirm the presence of the population of clusters with low ϒ*.
Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids IV. T Monocerotis and X Sagittarii from mid-infrared interferometry with VLTI/MIDI

Aims. We study the close environment of nearby Cepheids using high spatial resolution observations in the mid-infrared with the VLTI/MIDI instrument, a two-beam interferometric recombiner. Methods. We obtained spectra and visibilities for the classical Cepheids X Sgr and T Mon. We fitted the MIDI measurements, supplemented by B, V, J, H, K literature photometry, with the numerical transfer code DUSTY to determine the dust shell parameters. We used a typical dust composition for circumstellar environments. Results. We detect an extended dusty environment in the spectra and visibilities for both stars, although T Mon might suffer from thermal background contamination. We attribute this to the presence of a circumstellar envelope (CSE) surrounding the Cepheids. This is optically thin for X Sgr (tau(0.55microns) = 0.008), while it appears to be thicker for T Mon (tau(0.55micron) = 0.15). They are located at about 15-20 stellar radii. Following our previous work, we derived a likely period-excess relation in the VISIR PAH1 filter, f(8.6micron)[%]= 0.81(+/-0.04)P[day]. We argue that the impact of CSEs on the mid-IR period-luminosity (P-L) relation cannot be negligible because they can bias the Cepheid brightness by up to about 30 %. For the K-band P-L relation, the CSE contribution seems to be lower (< 5 %), but the sample needs to be enlarged to firmly conclude that the impact of the CSEs is negligible in this band.
On the Validity of a Linearity Axiom in Diffusion and Heat Transfer

In this work, the linearity axiom of irreversible thermodynamics for diffusion and heat transfer has been re-examined. It is shown that this axiom is compatible with the entropy production invariance principle with respect to a reference quantity for diffusion and heat transfer in the Euclidean space. Moreover, the underlying relations of the other principles of irreversible thermodynamics for multi-component diffusion and heat transfer, such as the quasi-equilibrium and the Onsager reciprocal relations (ORR) with the entropy production invariance, are re-examined. It was shown that the linearity principle postulates for diffusion and heat transfer and could be directly derived from the entropy production invariance axiom. It is believed that this work could not only be used for the drying of polymer coatings but also for pedagogical purposes. It may also be generalized; thus, leading to a generalized framework for irreversible thermodynamics.
Cinnamomum verum J. Presl Bark Contains High Contents of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide

The global population is aging, and intervention strategies for anti-aging and the prevention of aging-related diseases have become a topic actively explored today. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule in the metabolic process, and its content in tissues and cells decreases with age. The supplementation of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an important intermediate and precursor of NAD+, has increased NAD+ levels, and its safety has been demonstrated in rodents and human studies. However, the high content of NMN in natural plants has not been fully explored as herbal medicines for drug development. Here, we identified that the leaf of Cinnamomum verum J. Presl (C. verum) was the highest NMN content among the Plant Extract Library (PEL) with food experience, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). To validate this result, the extraction and quantitative analysis of bark, leaf, root, and stem of fresh C. verum was conducted. The results revealed that the bark had the highest NMN content in C. verum (0.471 mg/100 g). Our study shed light on the prospects of developing natural plants in the context of NMN as drugs for anti-aging and prevention of aging-related diseases. The future should focus on the development and application of C. verum pharmaceutical formulations.
BAL QSOs AND EXTREME UFOs: THE EDDINGTON CONNECTION

We suggest a common physical origin connecting the fast, highly ionized winds (UFOs) seen in nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and the slower and less ionized winds of broad absorption line (BAL) QSOs. The primary difference is the mass-loss rate in the wind, which is ultimately determined by the rate at which mass is fed toward the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) on large scales. This is below the Eddington accretion rate in most UFOs, and slightly super-Eddington in extreme UFOs such as PG1211+143, but ranges up to ∼10–50 times this in BAL QSOs. For UFOs this implies black hole accretion rates and wind mass-loss rates which are at most comparable to Eddington, giving fast, highly ionized winds. In contrast, BAL QSO black holes have mildly super-Eddington accretion rates, and drive winds whose mass-loss rates are significantly super-Eddington, and so are slower and less ionized. This picture correctly predicts the velocities and ionization states of the observed winds, including the recently discovered one in SDSS J1106+1939. We suggest that luminous AGNs may evolve through a sequence from BAL QSO through LoBAL to UFO-producing Seyfert or quasar as their Eddington factors drop during the decay of a bright accretion event. LoBALs correspond to a short-lived stage in which the AGN radiation pressure largely evacuates the ionization cone, but before the large-scale accretion rate has dropped to the Eddington value. We show that sub-Eddington wind rates would produce an M–σ relation lying above that observed. We conclude that significant SMBH mass growth must occur in super-Eddington phases, either as BAL QSOs, extreme UFOs, or obscured from direct observation.
Bioinspired High-Performance Bilayer, pH-Responsive Hydrogel with Superior Adhesive Property

Soft actuators have attracted extensive attention for promising applications in drug delivery, microfluidic switches, artificial muscles and flexible sensors. However, the performance of pH-responsive hydrogel actuators, such as regarding reversible bending property and adhesive property, remains to be improved. In this study, inspired by drosera leaves, we have fabricated high-performance bilayer, pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid)(P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA)) based on the copolymers of AAm, AAc and 3-AAPBA. The pH-sensitive actuators were fabricated by ultraviolet polymerization of the P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA) layer as the active actuating layer and the PAAm layer as the auxiliary actuating layer. The effects of pH, glucose concentration and content of 3-AAPBA on bending behavior of P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA)/PAAm bilayer actuators were discussed. By tuning the pH of media, the soft actuator could achieve fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending behaviors. The bending orientation and bending degree can be reversibly and precisely adjusted. More importantly, P(AAm-AAc-3-AAPBA) hydrogel shows good adhesive property in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution; thus, complex structures have been fabricated. In addition, the bilayer hydrogel structures have been demonstrated as soft actuators, bionic flowers and bionic manipulators. The proposed pH-responsive bilayer actuator shows great potential for drug delivery and other medical systems.
Accelerating anisotropic cosmologies in Brans–Dicke gravity coupled to a mass-varying vector field

The field equations of Brans–Dicke gravity coupled to a mass-varying vector field are derived. Anisotropic cosmological solutions with a locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I metric and time-dependent scalar and electric vector fields are studied. A particular class of exact solutions for which all the variable parameters have a power-law time dependence is given. The universe expands with a constant expansion anisotropy within this class of solutions. We show that the accelerating expansion is driven by the scalar field and the electric vector field can be interpreted as an anisotropic dark matter source.
The transversal homoclinic points are dense in the codimension-1 Hénon-like strange attractors

We consider the codimension-1 Henon-like strange attractors A. We prove that the transversal homoclinic points are dense in A, and that hyperbolic periodic points are dense in A. Moreover the hyperbolic periodic points that are heteroclinically related to the primary fixed point (transversal intersection of stable and unstable manifolds) are dense in A.
Body Morphology and Drag in Swimming: CFD Analysis of the Effects of Differences in Male and Female Body Types

This study analyzes the effect of the morphological characteristics of swimmers on passive drag and determines whether the female or male body type is more efficient for gliding. As a result of puberty, males and females develop different body structures; this study investigates whether these changes in shape influence drag. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations carried out in Ansys Fluent software were used to calculate the drag force and coefficient from 2D models of swimmers in streamline position, generated based on common anthropometric measurements. Both the top and side view profiles of the swimmers were simulated, unique to this study. The normalized male and female body shapes were simulated at different velocities, and it was demonstrated that the male body shape has a lower drag coefficient than the female body shape by 10.1% and 2.8% for top view and side view profiles, respectively. The in-depth analysis and simulation of models with varying hip and chest dimensions found a significant and positive correlation between hip and chest size and drag, with the chest size having the largest effect of an average 12.2% increase in drag per 5% increase in chest breadth. The results from modifying anthropometric variables explain the discrepancy between the drag experienced by male and female swimmers and show that enlarged hips and chests cause an increase in resistance. The differences between drag for males and females were found to be comparable to the 6.2% and 7.7% drag differences between full-body fastskin and normal suits, indicating measurable impact on performance. These findings suggest that the morphology of swimmers does have a significant effect on drag and that the male body shape is more hydrodynamic than the female body shape.
Lecture Notes: Factor graphs and belief propagation

A graphical model is nothing but an illustration of anequation. This equation determins how a functional overmultiple variables factorizes. We are mostly interested infunctionals that represent a multivariate probability dis-tribution – but graphical models and the related methodscould be applied on any functional. Here are some basicexamples for equations concerning the factorization of afunctional Pover variables X
4D Printing of Hydrogels: Innovation in Material Design and Emerging Smart Systems for Drug Delivery

Advancements in the material design of smart hydrogels have transformed the way therapeutic agents are encapsulated and released in biological environments. On the other hand, the expeditious development of 3D printing technologies has revolutionized the fabrication of hydrogel systems for biomedical applications. By combining these two aspects, 4D printing (i.e., 3D printing of smart hydrogels) has emerged as a new promising platform for the development of novel controlled drug delivery systems that can adapt and mimic natural physio-mechanical changes over time. This allows printed objects to transform from static to dynamic in response to various physiological and chemical interactions, meeting the needs of the healthcare industry. In this review, we provide an overview of innovation in material design for smart hydrogel systems, current technical approaches toward 4D printing, and emerging 4D printed novel structures for drug delivery applications. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in 4D printing hydrogels for drug delivery and their prospects.
The role of high-involvement work practices, supervisor support and employee resilience in supporting the emotional labour of front-line nurses

Abstract Emotional labour (EL) is garnering increasing attention due to the potential negative consequences on employees and organisations. This is especially prevalent with front-line healthcare workers, resulting in high occupational turnover intention. Our study examines the use of high-involvement work practices (HIWPs), supervisor support and resilience as support resources for front-line nurses’ emotional labour and work engagement to mitigate occupational turnover intention among nurses in Australia. Data was collected via a nationwide survey of 2,984 nurses and midwives. A significant positive relationship was identified between EL and occupational turnover intentions, mediated by work engagement. The provision of HIWPs resources, supervisor support and individual resilience play an important role in ‘buffering’ the negative impact of emotional labour on work engagement and the occupational turnover intention of nurses. The key message of our study demonstrates that multi-level resources, organisational (HIWPs), relational (supervisor support) and individual (employee resilience) are important for mitigating the effects of emotional labour on occupational turnover intentions.
Quasithermodynamic Representation of the Pauli Markov equation and their possible applications

We demonstrate that the extensive class of open Markov quantum systems describing by the Pauli master equation can be represented in so- called quasithermodynamic form . Such representation has certain advantages in many respects for example it allows one to specify precisely the parameter region in which the relaxation of the system in question to its stationary state occurs monotonically.With a view to illustrate possible applications of such representation we consider concrete Markov model that has in our opinion self-dependent interest namely the explanation of important and well established by numerous experiments the Yerkes-Dodson law in psychology
Extended Horava gravity and Einstein-aether theory

Einstein-aether theory is general relativity coupled to a dynamical, unit timelike vector. If this vector is restricted in the action to be hypersurface orthogonal, the theory is identical to the IR limit of the extension of Horava gravity proposed by Blas, Pujolas and Sibiryakov. Hypersurface orthogonal solutions of Einstein-aether theory are solutions to the IR limit of this theory, hence numerous results already obtained for Einstein-aether theory carry over.
New Approach Methods for Hazard Identification: A Case Study with Azole Fungicides Affecting Molecular Targets Associated with the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Cholestasis

Triazole fungicides such as propiconazole (Pi) or tebuconazole (Te) show hepatotoxicity in vivo, e.g., hypertrophy and vacuolization of liver cells following interaction with nuclear receptors such as PXR (pregnane-X-receptor) and CAR (constitutive androstane receptor). Accordingly, azoles affect gene expression associated with these adverse outcomes in vivo but also in human liver cells in vitro. Additionally, genes indicative of liver cholestasis are affected in vivo and in vitro. We therefore analyzed the capability of Pi and Te to cause cholestasis in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-driven approach in hepatic cells of human origin in vitro, considering also previous in vivo studies. Bile salt export pump (BSEP) activity assays confirmed that both azoles are weak inhibitors of BSEP. They alternate the expression of various cholestasis-associated target genes and proteins as well as the mitochondrial membrane function. Published in vivo data, however, demonstrate that neither Pi nor Te cause cholestasis in rodent bioassays. This discrepancy can be explained by the in vivo concentrations of both azoles being well below their EC50 for BSEP inhibition. From a regulatory perspective, this illustrates that toxicogenomics and human in vitro models are valuable tools to detect the potential of a substance to cause a specific type of toxicity. To come to a sound regulatory conclusion on the in vivo relevance of such a finding, results will have to be considered in a broader context also including toxicokinetics in a weight-of-evidence approach.