Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How to Purify and Experiment with Dye Adsorption using Carbon: Step-by-Step Procedure from Carbon Conversion from Agricultural Biomass to Concentration Measurement Using UV Vis Spectroscopy

This paper contains guidelines and provides a basic understanding of how to do experiments in dye adsorption using carbon. This paper presents a step-by-step experimental procedure from carbon preparation (as biochar) from agricultural waste to concentration measurement using UV-Vis Spectroscopy. We used agricultural waste as a model due to its high cellulose and organic content, making it easily converted into carbon. This paper can be used as a guide for researchers and students in the fabrication of carbon from agricultural waste biomass easily and inexpensively for its application as an adsorbent in the batch adsorption process. This paper also supports the current issues in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Investigation on Potential of Recycle Plastic Bottles as a Crash Cushion for Road Barrier

Road accident is a major problem in the country and should be dealt with an effective ways. Road furniture is one of the factors that contributing an accidents than other factors. Therefore, this study focuses on waste material such as recycle plastic bottle that potential to be used as a road barrier and crash cushion. The objective of this study are to investigate the potential of plastic bottles filled with sand as crash cushion, examine the impact strength of plastic bottles and designing crash cushion by using recycled materials. Some plastic bottles of soft drinks containing ordinary sand was prepared and undergone experimental and simulation works. Free fall Impact test that imposed on the plastic bottles has been carried out to identify the strength and its energy absorption. The numerical simulation of impact test was conducted using Finite Element Method to obtain impact failure and to observe its details response under low velocity impact loads. The numerical results by employing FEM well agreed with practical works. Where, the absorption of energy from the impact test shows that the difference does not exceed 50%. In addition, the deformation of both test are almost similar. Therefore, the use of recycled materials such as plastic bottles filled with sand as crash cushions that can be considered as alternative and environmentally friendly materials.
Urban Growth Modeling based on the Multi-centers of the Urban Areasand Land Cover Change in Yangon, Myanmar

Yangon, the former capital of Myanmar, is the major economic areas of the country. Also, the urban areas have significantly increased. However, Yangon has problems with disasters such as flood and earthquake. To support disaster risk management in Yangon, Myanmar, the estimation of urban expansion is required to understand the mechanism of urban expansion and predict urban areas in the future. This research proposed a methodology to develop urban expansion modeling based the dynamic statistical model using Landsat Time-Series and GeoEye Images. Multispectral Landsat images from 1978 to 2009 were classified to provide land cover change with a long period. By observing land cover from the past to the present, the class translation matrix was obtained. Stereo GeoEye Images in 2013 were employed to extract the heights of buildings. By using the heights of buildings, the multi-centers of urban areas cloud be detected. The urban expansion modeling based on the dynamic statistical model was defined to refer to three factors; (1) the distances from the multi-centers of the urban areas, (2) the distances from the roads, and (3) the class translation. The estimation of urban expansion was formulated in term of the dynamic statistical model by using the maximum likelihood estimator. The relevant equations to estimate urban expansion are expressed in this research. The prediction of urban expansion was defined by the combination of the estimation of urban expansion and the estimated parameters in the future. In the experiments, the results indicated that our model of urban expansion estimated urban growth in both estimation and prediction steps with efficiency.
Utilising Reverse Hydrology to quantify and improve the spatio-temporal information content of catchment rainfall estimates for flood modelling

Reverse Hydrology is a term describing methods for estimating rainfall from streamflow. The method presented here is based on combining inversion of a causal rainfall-runoff model with regularisation. This novel method, termed RegDer, combines a continuous-time transfer function model with regularised derivative estimates and is compared with an alternative method for direct inversion of a discrete-time transfer function using sub-hourly data from two catchments with contrasting rainfall and catchment storage characteristics. It has been demonstrated to recover the prominent features of the observed rainfall enabling it to generate a streamflow hydrograph indistinguishable from the observed catchment outflow. The loss of temporal resolution of the resultant rainfall series is the price paid for the numerical stability of the RegDer method, however this does not affect its ability to capture the dynamics required for streamflow generation. The inferred rainfall series was initially interpreted as an estimate of catchment rainfall but was later more precisely described as the rainfall necessary for generating streamflow – Discharge Generating Rainfall (DGR). The spatial aspect of the method was investigated using data from a densely gauged catchment. Frequency domain aspects of RegDer dual interpretation as a composite spectral decomposition method are analysed and discussed in the context of catchment data. Potential applications and developments of the approach include in-filling and extending rainfall records, reducing uncertainty in both gauged and ungauged catchments by improving rainfall estimates, assessing and refining rain gauge networks and re-evaluating areal rainfall estimation.
A Survey of Banks in Ghana's Credit Risk Management Practices

In recent times, banks and other financial institutions that lend money to customers have placed a high priority on credit risk management. To manage credit risk, banks employ customer evaluation systems, loan size restrictions, credit checks, flexible loan repayment plans, and fines Hence, the present study focuses on the credit risk management practices used in banks, to identify the internal control measures used in mitigating credit risk in banks and to examine the challenges faced in implementing credit risk management practices. The Ordinal Logistic Regression(OLR) was used to identify the relationships between the response variables, e.g. management support, credit risk identification, internal control measuers and credit risk management surveys. The independent variables were calculated on an ordered, 5-point Linear scale for the responding participants. In this study, log lit function was chosen, that demonstrated the model appropriateness. One of the main finding is that in banks, credit management risk is reduced when managers implement and adhere to responsible credit risk management procedures, viable client appraisal credit management system, regular credit checks, flexible credit repayment systems to encourage and improve loan repayment, were highly significant with the respondents’ positive initiative amidst credit risk management practices in banks.
Impact of ultraviolet-B radiation on early-season morpho-physiological traits of indica and japonica rice genotypes

Ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation is considered one of the major detrimental rays coming from the Sun. UV-B radiation has a harmful impact on plant growth and development. The effect of UV-B radiation was studied on 64 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes during the vegetative season. An equal number of genotypes from the japonica (50%) and indica (50%) subspecies were phenotyped using the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) units. The 10 kJ UV-B was imposed 12 days after planting (DAP) and continued for three weeks (21 d). Based on the combined ultraviolet-B radiation response index (CUVBRI) for each genotype, the 64 rice genotypes were classified into sensitive, moderately sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant. Various shoot traits, such as plant height, tiller, and leaf numbers, were measured. We also studied critical root phenological traits like root volume, diameter, tips, and forks. Out of all the studied shoot traits, leaf area showed maximum reduction for both indica (54%) and japonica (48%). Among the root traits, root length decreased by negligible (1%) for indica as compared to japonica (5%), while root crossing and forks showed a maximum decline for japonica (37 and 42%), respectively. This study is timely, meaningful, and required because it will help breeders select a tolerant or sensitive rice line for better yield and production under abiotic stresses.
In Situ Water Quality Measurements Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) System

An unmanned aerial vehicle-assisted water quality measurement system (UAMS) was developed for in situ surface water quality measurement. A custom-built hexacopter was equipped with an open-source electronic sensors platform to measure the temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH of water. Electronic components of the system were coated with a water-resistant film, and the hexacopter was assembled with flotation equipment. The measurements were made at thirteen sampling waypoints within a 1.1 ha agricultural pond. Measurements made by an open-source multiprobe meter (OSMM) attached to the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were compared to the measurements made by a commercial multiprobe meter (CMM). Percent differences between the OSMM and CMM measurements for DO, EC, pH, and temperature were 2.1 %, 3.43 %, 3.76 %, and <1.0 %, respectively. The collected water quality data was used to interpret the spatial distribution of measurements in the pond. The UAMS successfully made semiautonomous in situ water quality measurements from predetermined waypoints. Water quality maps showed homogeneous distribution of measured constituents across the pond. The concept presented in this paper can be applied to the monitoring of water quality in larger surface waterbodies.
The Nexus of Water, Ecosystems, and Agriculture in Endorheic River Basins: A System Analysis Based on Integrated Ecohydrological Modeling

In arid and semiarid areas, the issues of water security, ecological security, and food security are tightly interlinked. Understanding the water‐ecosystem‐agriculture (WEA) nexus in such areas is critical to their sustainable development. This study presents a basin‐scale integrated ecohydrological model and a paradigm for analyzing the WEA nexus through physically based modeling. The integrated model is successfully applied to the Heihe River Basin (HRB), the second largest endorheic river basin in China. A system analysis of the WEA nexus in the HRB is performed using the validated model. The major findings are as follows. First, reducing the amount of irrigation water applied to the midstream of the HRB produces widely varying effects on the water balance of the basin. Second, a threshold of 11.5 × 108 m3/yr is found for the streamflow from the midstream region to the downstream region, beyond which the contribution of the streamflow to the recovery of vegetation is trivial in the short term. Third, the trade‐off among water conservation, ecosystem protection, and food production in the HRB is strong, and it is highly sensitive to the water management strategy employed. Evaporative water‐saving practices are more desirable than direct water‐saving regulation of irrigation water from the perspective of the WEA nexus. Overall, the results of the study provide insights into the allocation of water resources, ecosystem conservation, and agricultural development in the vast arid and semiarid areas of the world.
Insect Gut Microbiota and Pesticide Degradation in Response to Innate Metabolites- a Review

Insects host a diverse microbiota in their gut, encompassing bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, influencing their physiology, nutrition, and overall health. The composition of these microbial communities varies with factors like insect species, diet, and the environment. Insect gut microbiota serve pivotal roles such as aiding digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, safeguarding against pathogens, and detoxifying toxins, including insecticides. A particularly promising facet of their function lies in influencing the metabolism of insecticides. These gut microbiotas can either augment or diminish insecticide toxicity through mechanisms like enzymatic breakdown, sequestration, target site alteration, or modulation of the insect's immune response. Understanding these interactions is paramount for devising sustainable pest management strategies. This review explores into insect gut microbiota, their impact on insecticide susceptibility, and the potential use of microbial metabolites in eco-friendly pest control. We explore pesticide degradation mechanisms, the consequences of microbiota disruption on susceptibility, and the role of microbiota-produced metabolites in shaping pesticide efficacy. Ultimately, we highlight the potential of microbiota manipulation as a strategy to enhance insecticide effectiveness and combat pesticide resistance in pest management.
Survival of Fecal Contamination Indicator Organisms in Soil

Survival o f Fecal Contamination Indicator Organisms in Soil Soi ls amended with human or animal waste may resu l t in pathogen contamination of ground and surface water. Because temperature has been shown to a f fec t pathogen surv iva l , two laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of extremes in temperature on bacteria l and v i ra l pathogen ind ica tor d ie -o f f in s o i l . A Captina s i l t loam was amended with b ro i le r l i t t e r (0.1 g/g dry s o i l ) , septic tank e f f lu en t , or Escherichia c o l i (ATCC 13706) cu l tu re (both at 0.04 and 0.1 mL/g dry soi l in the two respective studies), incubated at 5 and 35°C, and analyzed over time to determine the number of fecal col i form, E. c o l i , and coliphage remaining. Pathogen ind ica tor d ie -o f f rate constants (k) fo r a l l ind icatortemperature-treatment combinations were determined by f i r s t o rd e r k ine t ics . For a l l three pathogen ind icators, d ie -o f f was s ig n i f ic a n t ly more rapid at 35°C than at 5°C. In both studies, fecal col i form d ie -o f f rates were not d i f fe re n t from E. c o l i d ie -o f f rates across each temperature-treatment combination. Levels of these bacteria l indicators appeared in a ra t io of 1:0.94 with 95% confidence in te rva ls at 0.89 and 0.99 in the E. c o l i and l i tter-amended so i ls . D ie -o f f of the v i ra l ind ica tor was s ig n i f i c a n t l y slower than the d ie -o f f of the bacterial ind icators at 5°C in l i tter-amended s o i l . D ie -o f f of the bacterial ind ica tor , E. c o l i , in soi l amended with E. c o l i cu l tu re was not s ig n i f i c a n t l y d i f fe re n t than d ie -o f f in soi l amended with b ro i le r l i t t e r at 5 or 35°C in the two studies. Because the higher incubation temperature increased d ie -o f f rates fo r a l l three ind icators, i t is expected that the potentia l fo r contamination of ground and surface water decreases with increasing temperature. K.A. Teague, D.C. Wolf, P.F. Vendrell
External Criticality Risk of Immobilized Plutonium Waste Form in a Geologic Repository

This purpose of this technical report is to provide a comprehensive summary of the waste package (WP) external criticality-related risk of the Plutonium Disposition ceramic waste form, which is being developed and evaluated by the Office of Fissile Materials Disposition of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). Potential accumulation of the fissile materials, {sup 239}Pu and {sup 235}U, in rock formations having a favorable chemical environment for such actions, requires analysis because autocatalytic configurations, while unlikely to form, never-the-less have consequences which are undesirable and require evaluation. Secondly, the WP design has evolved necessitating a re-evaluation of the internal WP degradation scenarios that contribute to the external source terms. The scope of this study includes a summary of the revised WP degradation calculations, a summary of the accumulation mechanisms in fractures and lithophysae in the tuff beneath the WP footprint, and a summary of the criticality risk calculations from any accumulated fissile material. Accumulations of fissile material external to the WP sufficient to pose a potential criticality risk require a deposition mechanism operating over sufficient time to reach required levels. The transporting solution concentrations themselves are well below critical levels (CRWMS 2001e). The ceramic waste form consists of Pumore » immobilized in ceramic disks, which would be embedded in High-Level Waste (HLW) glass in the standard HLW glass disposal canister. The ceramic disks would occupy approximately 12% of the HLW canister volume, while most of the remaining 88% of the volume would be occupied by HLW glass. « less
Analysis of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Performance in Wired and Wireless Networks Across Various Topologies, Including Single, Linear, and Tree Structures

The increasing prominence of the internet and the resulting heightened demand for flexibility and agility have rendered traditional networking solutions inadequate for meeting current computing needs. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) emerges as a solution to achieve these goals. A controller plays a crucial role in determining the success of SDN. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and compare the various SDN controllers used across different industries. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of two recognized SDN controllers, POX and Ryu. Our research employs the Mininet-Wi-Fi emulator, and we assess the aforementioned controllers using metrics such as Jitter, throughput, packet loss, and delay, utilizing the Distributed Internet Traffic Generator (D-ITG). What sets our research apart is its examination of network performance across both wired and wireless transmission modalities. Fast Ethernet was chosen as the speed for the wired medium, as it had not been studied before. Additionally, the packet size ranged from 128 to 1,024 bytes. We used single, linear, and tree topologies for comparison. Our experimental findings demonstrate that, in the majority of cases, Ryu offers significantly reduced latency, packet loss, and jitter compared to POX. Furthermore, the Ryu controller outperforms POX in terms of throughput, particularly in wireless networks.
Therapeutic robots for post-stroke rehabilitation

Abstract Stroke is a prevalent, severe, and disabling health-care issue on a global scale, inevitably leading to motor and cognitive deficits. It has become one of the most significant challenges in China, resulting in substantial social and economic burdens. In addition to the medication and surgical interventions during the acute phase, rehabilitation treatment plays a crucial role in stroke care. Robotic technology takes distinct advantages over traditional physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, and is increasingly gaining popularity in post-stroke rehabilitation. The use of rehabilitation robots not only alleviates the workload of healthcare professionals but also enhances the prognosis for specific stroke patients. This review presents a concise overview of the application of therapeutic robots in post-stroke rehabilitation, with particular emphasis on the recovery of motor and cognitive function.
Innovative approach: utilizing silver nanoparticles sheet for improved rabbit cecal anastomosis healing

Introduction Anastomotic leakage is a severe complication associated with gastrointestinal surgery. The process of intestinal wound healing is crucial for the successful outcome of digestive tract surgical repair procedures. This research aimed to determine the impact of silver nanoparticles sheet (Acticoat) on the anastomotic healing of the cecum in rabbits. Methods A total of 48 New Zealand male rabbits in good health were used for cecum transection and anastomosis. The animals were randomized into the control group (C) and the silver nanoparticles group (AgNPs). In the C group, the transected cecum was end-to-end anastomosed with a single layer of simple continuous suture pattern using 3–0 polyglyconate. In contrast, a silver nanoparticle sheet (Acticoat) was covered around the sutured anastomotic line in the AgNPs group. Postoperatively, abdominal ultrasound imaging and the Bristol Rabbit Pain Score (BRPS) were measured on days 7, 15, and 30. Eight rabbits from each group were euthanized at each time point to assess macroscopic findings, bursting pressure tests, tensile strength tests, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemical analyses. Results The AgNPs group demonstrated a significant increase in the cecal lumen diameter wall (p ≤ 0.001), burst pressure measurement (p ≤ 0.02), and tensile strength (p ≤ 0.01). Conversely, the AgNPs group had significantly lower BRPS scores (p ≤ 0.01). In addition, histopathological examinations revealed that AgNPs significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration (neutrophils and macrophages) and enhanced collagen deposition. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.01) of α-SMA and a reduction of CD31 in the anastomotic tissue of the AgNPs group. Discussion The results of the present study indicate that the utilization of the AgNPs sheet (Acticoat®) effectively enhanced the strength of cecum anastomosis, resulting in a reduction in anastomosis leakages, pain scores, and abdominal adhesions. Additionally, the bursting pressure values in the rabbit model were significantly increased.
Exploring the Potential of Green Microalgae-Based Phycoremediation Treated Wastewater for Sustainable Concrete Production

Wastewater pollution from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources threatens the environment and human health. Traditional wastewater treatment methods are energy intensive, generate significant sludge, and may not remove all contaminants. This study explores the use of microalgae, Chlorella sorokinianana, to treat wastewater and evaluates its impact on concrete properties. The research aims to optimize microalgae growth conditions, set up nutrient-rich growth chambers, develop biomass separation methods, and assess the effects of microalgae-treated wastewater on concrete. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze concrete structures produced with microalgae-treated wastewater, freshwater, and sewage treatment plant (STP) water. Concrete from microalgae-treated wastewater exhibited euhedral crystals with pronounced gaps, while freshwater concrete had denser subhedral to anhedral crystals. STP water concrete consistently had lower strength values, possibly due to impurities affecting cement hydration. Microalgae-treated water concrete showed intermediate strength levels, suggesting organic or biological factors may influence hydration, but it still gained strength with time. This study underscores the potential of microalgae-treated wastewater for sustainable concrete production, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize conditions and promote environmentally friendly construction practices.
Estudio de un sistema de posicionamiento para interiores

The positioning technology most used in the world is GPS. It consists of a constellation of satellites that emit a synchronized signal and a receiver that, from the signal that comes from several satellites, is able to calculate its position on Earth. The problem with GPS is that it does not work indoors. Ultra-wideband radio (UWB) technology has recently been used to implement indoor positioning systems. The objective of this project is to test a positioning system by UWB studying its characteristics and limitations. A demonstration of the system will also be implemented.