Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diving Deep into the Weak Keys of Round Reduced Ascon

At ToSC 2021, Rohit et al. presented the first distinguishing and key recovery attacks on 7 rounds Ascon without violating the designer’s security claims of nonce-respecting setting and data limit of 264 blocks per key. So far, these are the best attacks on 7 rounds Ascon. However, the distinguishers require (impractical) 260 data while the data complexity of key recovery attacks exactly equals 264. Whether there are any practical distinguishers and key recovery attacks (with data less than 264) on 7 rounds Ascon is still an open problem.In this work, we give positive answers to these questions by providing a comprehensive security analysis of Ascon in the weak key setting. Our first major result is the 7-round cube distinguishers with complexities 246 and 233 which work for 282 and 263 keys, respectively. Notably, we show that such weak keys exist for any choice (out of 64) of 46 and 33 specifically chosen nonce variables. In addition, we improve the data complexities of existing distinguishers for 5, 6 and 7 rounds by a factor of 28, 216 and 227, respectively. Our second contribution is a new theoretical framework for weak keys of Ascon which is solely based on the algebraic degree. Based on our construction, we identify 2127.99, 2127.97 and 2116.34 weak keys (out of 2128) for 5, 6 and 7 rounds, respectively. Next, we present two key recovery attacks on 7 rounds with different attack complexities. The best attack can recover the secret key with 263 data, 269 bits of memory and 2115.2 time. Our attacks are far from threatening the security of full 12 rounds Ascon, but we expect that they provide new insights into Ascon’s security.
Influence on the rectifiers of rotor losses in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous alternator

This article deals with the rotor losses in the high-speed permanent magnet (PM) synchronous alternator for distributed power generation system. Specifically, the influence of rectifiers on the rotor losses is investigated. On the basis of analytical field analysis and two-dimensional finite element analysis, this article predicts the flux harmonics and rotor losses in the PM alternator considering the rectifier load. The prototype machine with the rectifier load has been fabricated and tested. Moreover, the difference of rotor losses between the high-speed alternator with and without the rectifier is made quantitatively clear in this work.
ANALISIS PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL, PENGUNGKAPAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORT, DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN

The purpose of this research to analyze the effect of intellectual capital, sustainability report disclosure, and firm size on the financial performance of non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2020. In this study, there were 66 samples from 18 companies. The data collection method used is purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that intellectual capital has a significant positive effect on financial performance, sustainability reports disclosure has a significant negative effect on financial performance, and firm size has no significant effect on financial performance.
A down‐conversion mixer using 90‐nm CMOS process for 60‐Ghz applications

This article proposes a double‐balanced 60‐ to 12‐GHz down‐conversion mixer fabricated in the 90‐nm CMOS process. The proposed mixer has a 5.825 dB measured conversion gain and 13–16 dB noise figure. The input P1dB of the mixer is −4.4 dBm and the measured LO‐IF, LO‐RF, and RF‐IF isolations are above 42, 44, and 41.5 dB, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2456–2458, 2014
Contrast pulse sequences (CPS): imaging nonlinear microbubbles

Contrast Pulse Sequences (CPS) is an imaging technique based on the processing of nonlinearly generated signals in the fundamental frequency band that can improve sensitivity and specificity to contrast agents compared to second and third harmonic imaging techniques. Several sequences are examined using an adopted power series model. Experimental in vitro results with Definity(R), SonoVue(R), and Sonazoid(R) all support the improved imaging performance of CPS compared to preexisting nonlinear imaging techniques. Human clinical studies were also completed and were consistent with the in vitro results.
Industry-University Research Alliances, absorptive capacity and corporate technological diversification: evidence from listed companies of the ChiNext market

ABSTRACT This paper studies whether and how IURAs affect corporate technological diversification. Taking the ChiNext-listed companies that are both active in IURAs and innovation activities as our research objects, we analyzed the mechanisms of IURAs and their effect on corporate technological diversification based on the International Patent Classification information of new inventions. Our results, using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences regressions, show that IURAs can promote corporate technological diversification. Moreover, such effects are further proved using a dynamic analysis model. Furthermore, the absorptive capacity of the firm has a moderating effect on technological diversification after participating in the IURAs. This paper empirically advances our understanding of IURAs in the emerging markets and has meaningful policy implications for how governments and firms can deepen innovation.
Machine Learning based Fall Detector with a Sensorized Tip

Fall detection has become an area of interest in recent years, as quick response to these events is critical to reduce the morbidity and mortality rate. In order to ensure proper fall detection, several technologies have been developed, including vision system, environmental detection systems, and wearable sensor based systems. However, in elderly or impaired people, it has been shown that the implementation of sensors in Assistive Devices for Walking, such as crutches or canes, can also be a promising alternative. In this work, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based Fall Detection system is proposed, which uses the data provided by a Sensorized Tip which can be attached to different Assistive Devices for Walking (ADW). Unlike other approaches, the developed one is able to differentiate the fall of the ADW from the fall of the user. For that purpose, the developed Fall Detector uses two modules connected in series. The first one detects all falls, while the second differentiates between user and ADW falls. The proposed approach is validated in a set of experimental tests carried out by healthy volunteers that have simulated different falls. In addition, a comparative analysis is carried out by comparing the performance of the Sensorized Tip based Fall Detector and a state-of-the-art commercial accelerometer system. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides high Fall Detection Ratios (over 90%), similar or higher to wearable-sensor based approaches.
Software Defined Network Enabled Fog-to-Things Hybrid Deep Learning Driven Cyber Threat Detection System

Software Defined Network (SDN) is a next-generation networking architecture and its power lies in centralized control intelligence. The control plane of SDN can be extended to many underlying networks such as fog to Internet of Things (IoT). The fog-to-IoT is currently a promising architecture to manage a real-time large amount of data. However, most of the fog-to-IoT devices are resource-constrained and devices are widespread that can be potentially targeted with cyber-attacks. The evolving cyber-attacks are still an arresting challenge in the fog-to-IoT environment such as Denial of Service (DoS), Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), Infiltration, malware, and botnets attacks. They can target varied fog-to-IoT agents and the whole network of organizations. The authors propose a deep learning (DL) driven SDN-enabled architecture for sophisticated cyber-attacks detection in fog-to-IoT environment to identify new attacks targeting IoT devices as well as other threats. The extensive simulations have been carried out using various DL algorithms and current state-of-the-art Coburg Intrusion Detection Data Set (CIDDS-001) flow-based dataset. For better analysis five DL models are compared including constructed hybrid DL models to distinguish the DL model with the best performance. The results show that proposed Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) hybrid model outperforms other DL models in terms of detection accuracy and response time. To show unbiased results 10-fold cross-validation is performed. The proposed framework is so effective that it can detect several types of cyber-attacks with 99.92% accuracy rate in multiclass classification.
Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4-72GHz Using LTSM, An Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Free-space communication is a leading component in global communications. Its advantages relate to a broader signal spread, no wiring, and ease of engagement. Satellite communication services became recently attractive to mega-companies that foresee an excellent opportunity to connect disconnected remote regions, serve emerging machine-to-machine communication, Internet-of-things connectivity, and more. Satellite communication links suffer from arbitrary weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, snow, fog, and dust. In addition, when signals approach the ground station, it has to overcome buildings blocking the direct access to the ground station. Therefore, satellites commonly use redundant signal strength to ensure constant and continuous signal transmission, resulting in excess energy consumption, challenging the limited power capacity generated by solar energy or the fixed amount of fuel. This research proposes LTSM, an artificial recurrent neural network technology that provides a time-dependent prediction of the expected attenuation level due to rain and fog and the signal strength that remained after crossing physical obstacles surrounding the ground station. The satellite transmitter is calibrated accordingly. The satellite outgoing signal strength is based on the predicted signal strength to ensure it will remain strong enough for the ground station to process it. The instant calibration eliminates the excess use of energy resulting in energy savings.
Comment on os-2021-89

This paper claims to introduce a DA system suitable for assimilating wide swath altimetry data (SWOT). I found this a disappointing paper. First, the paper misleads the reader by giving the impression that assimilation of SWOT data will be explored or tested. In fact this is not the case and the discussion is insufficent to convince the reader that this system will be capable of assimilating SWOT. In particular, a system should be capable of assimilating data with the particular error characteristics of SWOT data. Particularly of concern are correlated errors in the swaths due to phase, roll and timing errors. Second, the experiments performed are unilluminating. The paper is really about demonstrating extended time window 3DVAR. This needs to be compared to a control experiment doing non-extended 3DVAR otherwise the results are of little interest. At the moment I cannot tell if the extended 3DVAR makes things better than your non-extended 3DVAR.
Studying and Designing Technology for Domestic Life: Lessons from Home

Conducting research and technology design for domestic life is by no means easy. Methods commonly used in the field of Human-Computer Interaction in settings like the workplace may not easily translate to the richness and complexity of domestic life. This book documents new ways in which researchers are studying domestic life, as well as designing and evaluating technology in the home. Each chapter is a candid discussion about methods that were successfully used for research studies with a focus on the challenges that the researchers faced and the best practices they learned. Discover new research methods for exploring family life and evaluating and designing domestic technology. Learn about the challenges in designing for and studying domestic life from experts in the field. Read researchers' candid stories about what works and what does not work in practice. More information available at the companion website: http://lessonsfromhome.org/ Table of Contents Chapter 1: An Introduction to Studying and Designing Technology for Domestic Life I. Understanding Domestic Life Chapter 2: Interviews with Remote Participants Chapter 3: "Rainy Days Work Best For Us": Lessons from Home-Based Family Interviews Chapter 4: Wear Nice Socks: Guidance for Researchers Conducting In-Home Studies with Children Chapter 5: The Flexible Realities of using Design Probes: Reflections from a Care Home Context Chapter 6: Using the Business Origami Technique to Understand Complex Ecosystems Such As the Internet Usage of Households Chapter 7: The Financial Tour: Methods for Studying Sensitive Financial Questions II. Technology Design and Evaluation Chapter 8: Autobiographical Design in the Home Chapter 9: In-Home Deployments Chapter 10: Field Trials with Multiple Connected Households Chapter 11: Techniques for Studying Actual Usage of Personal Communication Prototypes Chapter 12: Working with Community Groups to Inform the Design of Domestic Technologies Chapter 13: Conflict in Families as an Ethical and Methodological Consideration
VirtualEye: Android Application for the Visually Impaired

In India, almost 18 million visually impaired people have difficulties in managing their day-to-day activities. Hence, there is a need to develop an application that can assist them every time and give vocal instructions in both English and Hindi. In this paper, we introduced a robust lightweight Android application that facilitates visually impaired individuals by providing a variety of essential features such as object and distance detection, Indian currency note detection, and optical character recognition that can enhance their quality of life. This application aims to have a user-friendly GUI well suited to the needs of the blind user and modules like Object Recognition with Image Captioning so that the visually challenged user can gain a better understanding of their surroundings.
Enriched Environment Modulates Sharp Wave-Ripple (SPW-R) Activity in Hippocampal Slices

Behavioral flexibility depends on neuronal plasticity which forms and adapts the central nervous system in an experience-dependent manner. Thus, plasticity depends on interactions between the organism and its environment. A key experimental paradigm for studying this concept is the exposure of rodents to an enriched environment (EE), followed by studying differences to control animals kept under standard conditions (SC). While multiple changes induced by EE have been found at the cellular-molecular and cognitive-behavioral levels, little is known about EE-dependent alterations at the intermediate level of network activity. We, therefore, studied spontaneous network activity in hippocampal slices from mice which had previously experienced EE for 10–15 days. Compared to control animals from standard conditions (SC) and mice with enhanced motor activity (MC) we found several differences in sharp wave-ripple complexes (SPW-R), a memory-related activity pattern. Sharp wave amplitude, unit firing during sharp waves, and the number of superimposed ripple cycles were increased in tissue from the EE group. On the other hand, spiking precision with respect to the ripple oscillations was reduced. Recordings from single pyramidal cells revealed a reduction in synaptic inhibition during SPW-R together with a reduced inhibition-excitation ratio. The number of inhibitory neurons, including parvalbumin-positive interneurons, was unchanged. Altered activation or efficacy of synaptic inhibition may thus underlie changes in memory-related network activity patterns which, in turn, may be important for the cognitive-behavioral effects of EE exposure.
Opzetten van ringonderzoeken voor Campylobacter toepasbaar binnen het monitoringsonderzoek in de vleeskuikenhouderij

Voor het Actieplan 2000+ van de Productschappen Vee, Vlees en Eieren (PVE) zijn ruim 20 laboratoria door PVE erkend om monsters afkomstig van pluimvee (mest en borstvel) te onderzoeken op Campylobacter. Voor het verkrijgen en behouden van deze erkenning moeten de laboratoria o.a. deelnemen aan relevante ringonderzoeken. Voor Campylobacter bestond tot op heden geen ringonderzoek waarbij de matrices mest en borstvel werden aangeboden. In dit onderzoek is een ringonderzoek ontwikkeld, waarbij naast reinculturen ook mest en borstvel met en zonder Campylobacter worden aangeboden. Hiervoor is onderzoek verricht naar de beste manier om de monstermaterialen te besmetten in relatie tot het noodzakelijke bewaren en in verband met transport. Ook de wijze van transport, ontwerpen van formulieren en verwerking van resultaten is in het onderzoek meegenomen
Reliability comparison of wind turbines with DFIG and PMG drive trains

Summary form only given. Modern wind turbines vary greatly in their drive train configurations. With the variety of options available it can be difficult to determine which type is most suitable for on and offshore applications. A large percentage of modern drive trains consist of either doubly fed induction generators with partially rated converters or permanent magnet generators with fully rated converters. These configurations are the focus of this empirical reliability comparison. The turbine population for this analysis contains over 1800 doubly fed induction generator, partially rated converter wind turbines and 400 permanent magnet generator, fully rated converter wind turbines. The turbines analyzed are identical except for their drive train configurations and are modern MW scale turbines making this population the largest and most modern encountered in the literature review. Results of the analysis include overall failure rates, failure rates per operational year, failure rates per failure mode and failure rates per failure cost category for the two drive train configurations. These results contribute towards deciding on the most suitable turbine type for a particular site as well as towards cost of energy comparisons for different drive train types. A comparison between failure rates from this analysis and failure rates from similar analyses is also shown in this paper.
Optical Switch Performance for Electronic Applications

In this paper, various optically controlled switch performances are studied and analysed. Different types of optically controlled materials are considered in this paper to control the electrical frequency with a modified and simpler structure. Roger and Fr-4 materials are used as substrate material for the basic system design with the dielectric constant of 3.0 and 4.4 respectively. Materials like silicon, germanium, graphene, and polymers are considered for analysis in the proposed system and the semiconductor metals are etched in the middle of the copper strip. The thickness of the copper is 0.008 mm with the standard conductivity of 5.814e7 S/m and the length and width of the copper strip are 2.54x2. 54mm. A Copper strip is printed on the substrate to test the performance of the switches. The operating frequency of the given optical signal of silicon is around 1GHz to 25GHz, graphene is around 1GHz to 30GHz, germanium is around1GHz to 30GHz and polymer is around 1GHz to25GHz. The S11 parameter of all the proposed systems is analysed by sonnet simulation software.
Real-time swimmers' feedback based on smart infrared (SSIR) optical wireless sensor

An IrDA link based on a serial infrared transceiver has been designed and implemented for real-time swimmers' feedback. A wrist-mounted accelerometer provided stroke information to the transmitter. The signal was detected using a photodiode detector. Both the transmitter and receiver units measured 27 ' 19 mm. Propagation experiments in air and under water were performed in a glass tank (91 ' 39 ' 45 cm) to validate the system. The maximum link length in air was 2 m and in still water 70 cm. In water with bubbles, the range reduced to 50 cm. This distance is sufficient for wrist'head communications during swimming. The information transmitted was the time duration of one complete stroke, which was updated every stroke and presented to the swimmer using an RGB LED mounted on the goggles. The hardware, software and implementation methods for the IrDA system are described.
Cogent SSC Ltd: higher apprenticeships – the missing link in the skills system

Purpose – In 2011, Cogent SSC Ltd was awarded funding to develop a Higher Apprenticeship in Life Sciences. The purpose of this paper is to outline the Developing Science Professional programme, how it was developed and what will be delivered.Design/methodology/approach – Information presented in the paper is drawn from the organisation's own work in developing a Higher Apprenticeship. It builds on information incorporated in the original bid and how the project is being developed.Findings – Research undertaken by Cogent highlighted that many employers are looking for work‐ready, fit for purpose employees to take up key scientific roles across their workforce. This suggests there is an appetite for a programme such as Developing Science Professionals which aims to train science technicians to a higher level. The development of the Higher Apprenticeship and potential impact are showcased in this case study.Originality – The paper is based on the author's own experience and presents a case study of an appren.
SILICON MICRO MOTHERBOARDS FOR THREE - DIMENSIONAL ASSEMBLING OF MICRO SYSTEMS

We propose a new method to develop three-dimensional micro systems by using hybrid assembling technique: IC or MEMS chips are patterned into connector structures on the fringes by anisotropic dry etching of silicon and orthogonally inserted into the slots in a micro base-chip to compose a miniaturized motherboard. Mechanical and electrical contact was completed by electroplating of copper. Small contact resistance (0.18Ω) and stray capacitance (50pF) were obtained. This technique relaxes the restriction due to the incompatibility between fabrication process of MEMS and that of integrated circuits, because those chips on the motherboard can be developed independently.
An Economic Analysis of Optimal University Licensing Strategies 1

This paper examines the determinants and welfare implications of university licensing strategies. A licensing strategy may be based on varying degrees of exclusivity granted to firms, f rom non- exclusive licensing to exclusive licensing. Depending on the context, the choice of a given strategy yields different revenues both for firms and universities but also leads to different levels of social welfare. Licensing strategies must hence be tailored to the context. In this paper, we particularly explore how the nature of the technology invented by the university might affect the performance of the transfer. We consider a model with one university and four firms in two different sectors. The university seeks to transfer an invention to industry and must choose its valorization strategy (publication, exclusive license, non-exclusive license, exclusive license per field of use). We show that if the invention is embryonic and specific, exclusive licensing is the only strategy allowing transferring it to industry. Further, if the invention is generic and embryonic we show that exclusive licensing per field of use is the best way of transferring the invention. Finally, we show that when the invention is mature, publishing is the optimal strategy. An important result of the model is that at the equilibrium of the game, universities may not always automatically choose the best strategy from a social welfare point of view.