Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review spam detection via temporal pattern discovery

Online reviews play a crucial role in today's electronic commerce. It is desirable for a customer to read reviews of products or stores before making the decision of what or from where to buy. Due to the pervasive spam reviews, customers can be misled to buy low-quality products, while decent stores can be defamed by malicious reviews. We observe that, in reality, a great portion (> 90% in the data we study) of the reviewers write only one review (singleton review). These reviews are so enormous in number that they can almost determine a store's rating and impression. However, existing methods did not examine this larger part of the reviews. Are most of these singleton reviews truthful ones? If not, how to detect spam reviews in singleton reviews? We call this problem singleton review spam detection. To address this problem, we observe that the normal reviewers' arrival pattern is stable and uncorrelated to their rating pattern temporally. In contrast, spam attacks are usually bursty and either positively or negatively correlated to the rating. Thus, we propose to detect such attacks via unusually correlated temporal patterns. We identify and construct multidimensional time series based on aggregate statistics, in order to depict and mine such correlations. In this way, the singleton review spam detection problem is mapped to a abnormally correlated pattern detection problem. We propose a hierarchical algorithm to robustly detect the time windows where such attacks are likely to have happened. The algorithm also pinpoints such windows in different time resolutions to facilitate faster human inspection. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in detecting singleton review attacks. We discover that singleton review is a significant source of spam reviews and largely affects the ratings of online stores.
Socioeconomic status, psychosocial processes, and perceived health: An interpersonal perspective

Background: Psychosocial variables, including stress, emotions, and social factors, may contribute to the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health. Concepts and methods from interpersonal theory (1) could provide a useful framework for research concerning the roles of psychosocial factors in socioeconomic health disparities.Purpose: We examined the association between SES and psychosocial processes captured by the interpersonal circumplex and tested the degree to which circumplex ratings explained the association between SES and perceived health.Methods: San Diego community residents (N = 304; 51% male; 34% Latino; 50% White; 20% Black; 6.8% Asian/Asian American; 2.9% another ethnicity) completed a circumplex-based assessment of several social contexts (home, work, and community), the SF-12 measure of perceived health, and questions concerning demographic characteristics.Results: Multilevel models revealed that individuals with lower SES described their social worlds as more hostile and less friendly compared with their higher SES counterparts. Furthermore, lower SES was associated with perceptions of exposure to more dominant or controlling behavior from others, compared with higher SES. Appraisals of hostility versus friendliness, in particular, helped explain the inverse association between SES and some aspects of perceived health.Conclusions: Applications of interpersonal theory may be useful in efforts to understand the roles of psychosocial factors in SES-related health disparities.
Cryptococcal Cell Morphology Affects Host Cell Interactions and Pathogenicity

Cryptococcus neoformans is a common life-threatening human fungal pathogen. The size of cryptococcal cells is typically 5 to 10 µm. Cell enlargement was observed in vivo, producing cells up to 100 µm. These morphological changes in cell size affected pathogenicity via reducing phagocytosis by host mononuclear cells, increasing resistance to oxidative and nitrosative stress, and correlated with reduced penetration of the central nervous system. Cell enlargement was stimulated by coinfection with strains of opposite mating type, and ste3 a Δ pheromone receptor mutant strains had reduced cell enlargement. Finally, analysis of DNA content in this novel cell type revealed that these enlarged cells were polyploid, uninucleate, and produced daughter cells in vivo. These results describe a novel mechanism by which C. neoformans evades host phagocytosis to allow survival of a subset of the population at early stages of infection. Thus, morphological changes play unique and specialized roles during infection.
Pursuing perfection or pursuing protection? Self-evaluation motives moderate the behavioral consequences of counterfactual thoughts

Counterfactual thoughts identifying how a past performance could have been better (e.g., “If only I had studied for the exam, I would have gotten an A! ”) have been shown to increase effort and performance on future tasks. The present work examines whether current self-evaluation motives moderate this link between past and future behavior. In two studies, we demonstrate that the preparatory benefits of counterfactual thoughts are limited to situations in which individuals pursue a self-improvement motive. When individuals are instead motivated by self-protection concerns, counterfactuals can be used to excuse poor performance, undermining any desire to improve in the future. The behavioral consequences of counterfactual thoughts are therefore dependent upon active self-evaluation motives. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance, Alcohol Use Disorders, and Alcohol-Related Problems Among First-Year College Students

Abstract Objective: This study explored the relationship of experiential avoidance (eg, the tendency to avoid, suppress, or otherwise control internal experiences even when doing so causes behavioral harm) to alcohol use disorders and alcohol-related problems. Participants: Cross-sectional data were collected from 240 undergraduate college students in their first year in college between December 2009 and April 2010. Methods: Participants completed a diagnostic interview and online self-report survey. Results: Students with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence had significantly higher levels of experiential avoidance relative to students with no alcohol use disorder diagnosis. A hierarchical linear regression analysis found that experiential avoidance significantly predicted alcohol-related problems, even after controlling for gender and psychological distress. Furthermore, experiential avoidance mediated the relationship of psychological distress to alcohol-related problems. Conclusions: These findings suggest that experiential avoidance may play a role in problematic alcohol use among college students.
Validating the IS-impact measurement model in Malaysia: A research-in-progress paper

Companies making large investments in information systems anticipate positive impacts on their organisation. Measuring information systems effectiveness or success has been an important criterion for practitioners and researchers in justifying the associated investment, both pre- and post-implementation. Often this kind of impact simply relates to the cost benefits. However, the impact that these systems bring to the companies usually involves the whole organisation. This paradox has cause misunderstanding on how to measure information systems correctly. As a result, researchers have come up with a variety of measures that produced a contradictory result, where some studies have shown positive impacts and some shown negative or nil impacts. A measurement model, the IS-Impact Measurement Model, was developed by researchers at Information Technology Professional Services (ITPS), Queensland University of Technology, Australia. This model has been validated and proven to be a reliable model in measuring enterprise systems success. Having successfully implemented the model in Queensland, the researchers have yet to see whether this model is valid in different contexts. This paper discusses the research plan of replicating the validation process of this measurement model in small and medium enterprises in Malaysia. It will further validate the IS-impact measurement model and extend its generalisability, as well as producing a Malay language
Moral Distress Among Long-Term Care Social Workers

Objective: To describe the quantitative validation of a unique questionnaire to measure moral distress among social workers in long-term care facilities in Israel. Method: Overall, 216 long-term care facilities’ social workers took part in the pilot study that included psychometric evaluation and construct validation. Moral distress was examined by two scales, measuring the frequency and the intensity of morally loaded events. A third scale was created, representing the product of the frequency and intensity scores for each item separately. Results: Two items with high floor effect were removed. The internal reliability of each of the three Moral Distress Scales was . 92. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a single-factor solution. The construct validity was approved. In its final version, the questionnaire consisted of 15 items. Conclusions: We believe that the questionnaire can contribute by broadening and deepening ethics discourse and research with regard to social workers’ moral conflicts and moral distress.
Making It Up and Making Do: Simulation, Imagination, and Empathic Accuracy

How many times have you had a conversation with someone, only to ask yourself as you were leaving, “What was she thinking? ” Researchers have also asked this question, and the last 20 years in particular have produced active attempts to identify why some people are better at understanding another person’s thoughts and feelings than others. Over time, many terms have been used to describe this ability, such as social insight (Chapin, 1942), cognitive role-taking (Eisenberg, 1986), accurate empathy (Ickes, 1993), everyday mindreading (Ickes, 2003), and simply “empathy” itself (see also Batson, Chapter 18, this volume). However, most recently researchers have gravitated toward the term empathic accuracy, which is defined as one’s ability to accurately infer the specific content of another person’s covert thoughts and feelings (Ickes, 1993). Empathic accuracy is a diabolically difficult task, in large part because one never has direct access to the contents of another person’s mind. One cannot “peer” into a friend’s head and understand all of his thoughts and feelings. The friend’s mind—like the mind of every other person in this world—is simply not available for direct “download” (a modern metaphor for the ancient “other minds” problem). Invariably, mental contents are interpreted, translated, converted, degraded, and otherwise changed during the inference process. Accurate inferences rely on the motivation and skill to collect a set of cues about the other person’s thoughts and feelings—cues that provide an incomplete and ambiguous guide at best. Paired with attention to cues, however, we also argue that mental simulation (through the use of mental representations) and imagination are necessary parts of empathic accuracy as a remedy for this other minds dilemma. In fact, research in the related fields of perspective taking and mental state inference has identified a whole host of “tools” that perceivers use to compensate for their lack of knowledge about another target person (in this volume, see also Epley & Caruso, Chapter 20, contents
Determinants of nurse absenteeism and intent to leave: An international study.

AIM To determine factors associated with nurses' intent to leave their positions and absenteeism. BACKGROUND There is a recognized global shortage of nurses but limited data describing and determining factors associated with nurse absenteeism and intent to leave. METHODS This study involved a secondary analysis of the results from direct-care registered nurses' responses to the MISSCARE Survey, with data from seven countries included. Multi-level modelling was used to determine nurse characteristics and working environment factors associated with nurse absenteeism and intent to leave. RESULTS The level of absenteeism and intent to leave varied significantly across countries, with registered nurses in Lebanon reporting the highest intention to leave within 12 months (43%) and registered nurses in Iceland and Australia the highest level of absenteeism (74% and 73%, respectively). Factors associated with outcomes included perceived staffing adequacy of unit, job satisfaction, and age of the nurse. CONCLUSIONS A significant difference between countries was identified in nurse absenteeism and intent to leave. Increased perception of unit staffing inadequacy, lower job satisfaction, less nurse experience, and younger age were significant contributors to nurse absenteeism and intent to leave. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT These findings suggest that regardless of country and hospital, by ensuring that units are adequately staffed and increasing job satisfaction, younger, less experienced nurses can be retained and absenteeism reduced.
The adenoviral E 1 A oncoproteins interfere with the growth-inhibiting effect of the cdk-inhibitor p 21 CIP 1 / WAF 1

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Fri, 07 Dec 2018 08:30:21 Journal of General Virology (1999), 80, 381–390. Printed in Great Britain .
Towards the open government ecosystem: open government based on artificial intelligence for the development of public policies

This article presents the results of the analysis of the open government initiative in the city of SÃo Paulo. The theoretical-methodological structure built in the doctoral research promoted the evolution of the debate about openness through the debate of the ecosystem of open government with multiple actors. In addition, the results indicate the need for the evolution of open government strategies to an ecosystem capable of integrating multiple parties in the development of public policies, for this, it is necessary to invest in "collaborative data" between civil society, private organizations and the government sector. The new support for decision-making and evidence is reinforced by political algorithm and artificial intelligence devices as software. In addition, we have awakened to the need for an emerging framework of regulation, ethics, inclusion, transparency and open governance for "political algorithms. "
An ethologic approach to differential diagnosis of autism in toddlers

Niko Tinbergen obtained the Nobel Prize for Physiology in 1973 for his studies on animal behaviour. They were conducted with different species in the natural space where they were living, by observing them hidden behind a big stone or a bush. Similar principles were applied in his subsequent observations on young children reported in a book (Tinbergen & Tinbergen 1972), where we can read at pages 29–31 on “Different ways to reduce anxiety”: “What we invariably do when visiting or being visited by a family with young children is . to ignore the children, while speaking friendly with his parents. The child will start by looking intently at the stranger and subsequently will cautiously approach him. We must be subsequently ready to use appropriately with him a ‘bag of tricks’ with the trick selected to adjust to the child’s individual tastes: for example, ’covering one’s face with one’s hands, then turning towards the child (perhaps saying ‘Where is Andrew? . . .) and then very briefly showing one’s eyes and covering them up at once . ”, “Even simple vocal contacts can work; analogous to the vocal calls of birds”. “Once established the bond can be mantained by surprisingly slight signals . ”. The authors subsequently note that “different children require different starting levels, and different tempos of stemming up” and also that “there are children who do not want to be touched . ; others object more to (specific) vocalisation . ”. “It is interesting to compare this ‘taming’ of a timid child with the behaviour of the males of the birds . that are trying to win the confidence of a female”. Through these examples, in the words of Niko Tinbergen, ethology teaches us that these are the adequate and healthy ways to develop an interaction between an adult and a toddler: with comparable modalities in animals and men. It follows that an approach of this kind is appropriate when observing and evaluating the behaviour of a toddler for diagnostic purposes related to possible deviant conditions. Something similar should be considered in therapy: to be structured with the adults who take care of a young child every day, his family and school.
Utilizing the Potential of Local Wisdom and Infrastructure Development of Old village of Tiangwangkang, Tembesi Sub-District, Batam City

Indonesia is a country located in Southeast Asia and has more than 17,000 islands in it. One of the provinces in the form of islands is the Riau Archipelago Province which is close to Singapore and Malaysia, so that many tourists also visit the province, such as Batam City. In Batam City there are several tourist objects such as the Batam Botanical Garden, Welcome to Batam, and also Ocarina Park. Apart from tourist attractions in the city center, Batam City also has beach tourism destinations such as Melayu Beach, Melur Beach and many other beaches. Old village can also be an option for tourists to visit because there are many cultural values ​​of local wisdom that are still maintained and preserved in it. One of them is the Old village of Tiangwangkang which is in the Tembesi Village, Sagulung District. old village of Tiangwangkang has the potential to become a tourist village because it has a strategic area, which is close to the beach and also close to the Barelang Bridge. However, there are several problems in the area such as road problems, street lighting, and also several other public facilities to support the accessibility of the community and tourists later. Therefore, it is necessary to develop infrastructure and also arrange it so that the village is worthy of being a tourist village. This research uses a descriptive method as well as a potential analysis to see the potential of this region. Old village of Tiangwangkang has the potential to become a tourist village because it has local wisdom that is still maintained and has beautiful views. However, to become a tourist village that is appropriate and can prosper the local community, it is necessary to develop infrastructure and arrange it so that the old village of Tianwangkang can become a tourist destination that is comfortable and worth visiting.
Primary succession in man-made wetlands: biodiversity, structure and dynamics of macrofaunal assemblages

Man-made wetlands are often created to compensate for the loss or degradation of natural wetlands, but little is known about the processes taking place in these artificial environments, especially at the community level. Throughout this thesis, we have assessed the phenomena of primary succession over different time (short-, mid- and long-term) and spatial scales (local, regional, interregional levels), applying different approaches (taxonomic and functional) and subject groups (invertebrates and amphibians). Our main findings regarding time scales show a 3-phase successional pattern in Mediterranean man-made wetlands’ communities, where at the short term (1 year) colonization processes dominate; at mid term perspectives (2 to 7 years) succession signs begin to be conspicuous, and later on (? 10 years) parameters such as species richness reach an asymptote. At that moment, some biological strategies dominate, and biodiversity surrogates indicate that communities are indistinct between man-made and natural wetlands. Regarding spatial effects, we corroborated that both local and regional factors affect the establishing communities. Particularly, the low hydrological stability of the Mediterranean region has enhanced biological traits favoring resilience and resistance to disturbances when comparing Mediterranean and cold temperate aquatic communities. Even within the Mediterranean region, low levels of hydrological stability have significant effects on the successional dynamics. In these cases, local communities are highly nested within regional natural ones, and so are not able to make net contributions to regional richness. We also showed the influence of the regional pool of recruiters over local communities, both in the case of invertebrates and amphibians. Especially for the latter group, man-made Mediterranean temporary ponds (MTPs) can play an important role in their conservation.
Chronic endurance exercise training: a condition of inadequate blood pressure regulation and reduced tolerance to LBNP.

We review the hypotheses presented to account for the anecdotal and literature-based reports that chronic endurance exercise training reduces orthostatic tolerance. The findings from cross-sectional investigations of unfit subjects and endurance athletes are examined, as well as limited data from recent investigations of the changes in orthostatic tolerance and blood pressure regulation that occur after 8 d to 8 months of endurance exercise training. Statistical models have not found wide variations in maximal aerobic power (VO2max) to contribute to the prediction of orthostatic responses. However, research data are generally consistent that the orthostatic tolerance of athletes whose VO2max exceeds 65 ml.kg-1.min-1 is lower than that of sedentary control subjects. These two findings suggest that it is exercise training, rather than VO2max, that reduces orthostatic tolerance. Findings from a recent longitudinal investigation corroborate this theory. We conclude that at least four factors associated with exercise training contribute to the development of orthostatic intolerance. These include: a) increased limb compliance (although its effect is likely to be trivial), b) eccentric ventricular hypertrophy, and c) increases in total blood volume, which may attenuate cardiopulmonary baroreflex responsiveness, shift ventricular function to a steeper portion of the ventricular compliance curve, and increase the inhibitory effect of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors on carotid baroreflex responsiveness; and d) an independent effect that reduces carotid and aortic baroreflex responsiveness. These mechanisms mimic changes observed in pathological states such as heart failure and hypertension. Our conclusions are best summarized by Greenleaf et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 51:298-305, 1981): ""Trained men can run, but they cannot stand. ''
Performance by unified model analysis (PUMA)

Evaluation of non-functional properties of a design (such as performance, dependability, security, etc.) can be enabled by design annotations specific to the property to be evaluated. Performance properties, for instance, can be annotated on UML designs by using the "UML Profile for Schedulability, Performance and Time (SPT)". However the communication between the design description in UML and the tools used for non-functional properties evaluation requires support, particularly for performance where there are many alternative performance analysis tools that might be applied. This paper describes a tool architecture called PUMA, which provides a unified interface between different kinds of design information and different kinds of performance models, for example Markov models, stochastic Petri nets and process algebras, queues and layered queues.The paper concentrates on the creation of performance models. The unified interface of PUMA is centered on an intermediate model called Core Scenario Model (CSM), which is extracted from the annotated design model. Experience shows that CSM is also necessary for cleaning and auditing the design information, and providing default interpretations in case it is incomplete, before creating a performance model.