Study on Influence of Women Status on Contraception Prevalence in EAG States

Social and physical status of a woman is always considered as very important factor for affecting the fertility. And it becomes more important when we talk about developing countries like India. Our study consists of fertility influenced by women status in EAG states of India. In consideration of that study we use the weighted data of EAG states reported in NFHS-III (2005-06). In that perspective we have approximately 54000 sampling units in which approx. 45000 females are considered as not pregnant and not in amenorrhea. For this we take women population in between age group 15-49 years. A multivariate model was fitted for living children for different socio-demographic variables taken as influencing factors. For background characters we consider 8 different variables on basis of sociodemographic status norms. There is significant association in between contraception use to the living children in light of background characters controlling. Within the range of 95% confidence interval the odds ratio for education and living children for those who ever used any contraception is 1.77 (1.71-1.82)and 6.65 (6.39-6.95) respectively. By which we can define a significant association between ever using contraception to education and living children based on women’s sociodemographic status. This implies that if the strength of status of women make uplift then fertility condition will be better in population. © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Statistics 98 (2016) 42447-42454 Statistics Available online at www.elixirpublishers. com (Elixir International Journal) Tele: E-mail address: amritunjay.singh@gmail.com © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved Mritunjay P. Singh et al./ Elixir Statistics 98 (2016) 42447-42454 42448 Sather et al (1988) found in examination of the study of fertility influenced by women status termed through education, labor force participation and age at marriage in Pakistan, education level of women is most important factor in support of decrease fertility. In estimation method of similar study United Nations in (1993) found that this education effect is highly observable for the secondary and higher level of education, Chaturvedi et al (1998) shows that in India, mother’s education give significantly large impact of decrease the fertility, and mother occupation have significantly high association with the living children. In study of rural Bangladesh in 1994 Hashemi and Schuler found that control over important decisions regarding own self and own families are mostly attainable to the women who has economically more empowered shows positive association with contraception use. Shapiro and Tambashe (1994) founded that women employment have strong association with contraception use in Zaire. Discussion for using family planning method education, skilled job and empowered status must play important role in family planning and contraception use to approach to the path of replacement level in population as the study based on contraception use in study of Bangladesh and other Muslim countries where unemployed and illiterate women show less level of acceptance of contraception use as per Kabir et al and Saleem and Bobak (2005). In India in 2001 government make a group of states which are defined with the consideration that they have sufficient amount of resources and manpower but they didn’t show the proper level of development and consists with low degree of constrain status of development indicators. That group was defined by the name of Empowered action group (EAG) such as steady action needed for this group, in this group eight states consists who had approximately 50% population of India and shows highest level of population growth in India. Our study is consists of the knowledge about the fertility control and contraception prevalence in regards of EAG states. Since women empowerment status is an important consideration in affecting fertility. And contraception use is a important factor to make study in explicit manner so we must consists with the study to contraception use in consideration of women’s basic status variables as education, occupation, and age at marriage, religion, cast, residence and present age but for women’s acceptance affection regarding living and died children are considered for some most important aspect in EAG states of India. And that study will go with checking the condition of independency of the variables. 2. Data and Methodology 2.1 Model Specification As the Bongaarts (1978) shown in his fertility model by proximate determinants there are four factor in defined eight factors such as:(1) Age at marriage (2) Use or non use of contraception (3) Duration of postpartum infecundability (4) Induced abortion Those are considered as most influencing factors to affect the fertility. Contraception use is considered as the one important aspect to show impact on fertility after given age at marriage. This study concerns about contraception prevalence in the women to get the exposure of fertility in the population based on women status. By which we must define two cases for study for population used to study using contraception currently and other women who ever used any method of contraception in her reproductive period. On the behalf of that we must evaluate the fertility scenario of population. The variables which are being used in to specification of model in ordinary regression model, logistic and ANOVA model for the study are as follows: Outcome variable Contraception use in population in ever used in model 1 and current use of contraception in model 2 of logistics and ANOVA model:And ordinary least square effect to consider the impulse on ever used and current us of contraception to the women status for consideration for significance. Independent Variables Maternal age, maternal education, occupation, wealth status, residence, religion and caste, living children, age at first marriage and died children are considered as independent variable for study. Indian scenario is very different scenario from the world because it contains lot of differences in social status such as region, religion, caste each and every factor gives greater influence on contraception use and fertility, occupation of females also play a crucial role in contraception use. So the consideration of independent variables in model such as:Maternal age – 15-19 year, 20-29 year, 30-39year, 40-49year Maternal education (no education, primary, secondary and higher education) Residence (urban, rural) Occupation (no occupation, unskilled worker, skilled worker) Religion (Hindu, Muslims, others) Caste (schedule caste, schedule tribe, other backward caste, none of the above) In this paper we study the impact on fertility by contraception prevalence basis of variables selected as independent variables discussed in context of EAG states of India and that variables were being tested on the relevance of dependency and freedom in regards of EAG states of India. 2.2 Source of Data In this study we use the National Family Health Survey (NFHS2005-06) which is highly reliable in Indian context the data is based on 124385 women in between age of 15-49 years which was collected with the collaboration of International Institute of Population Studies (IIPS) and Demographic Health Survey (DHS), Which are the rich source of women and child status data that gives the sufficient no. of information in that category to ensure the reliability of data. 2.3 Methods Female data file is being used constructed from women respondents in 2005-06 National Family Health Survey using statistical analysis software with using sampling weights. Logistic regression is performed to estimate the odds ratio of variables as the effect of several variable on fertility consideration on ever or current use of contraception. Simple linear regression is used in analysis of contraception effect on living children. In further analysis of independency of the variables we use the ANOVA method to describe it since the chi-square test become tedious and long job to test that for each and every variables. Significance level is being performed over p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05 for the levels on contraceptive prevalence. Logistic model for our wok of study for individual with the covariate x for contraception prevalence of the study is:Mritunjay P. Singh et al./ Elixir Statistics 98 (2016) 42447-42454 42449