Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unlocking High Resolution Arithmetic Operations within Memristive Crossbars for Error Tolerant Applications

Memristor-based crossbar architectures have been explored by researchers for neuromorphic computing, where analog vector-matrix multiplication can be carried out in a single time step. In this paper we explore such architectures for carrying out various arithmetic operations. Since the computations are carried out in analog domain, they are affected by fabrication and performance variability of the manufactured devices. As a result, there can be inherent errors during the computation. However, the architecture can be suitable for approximate computing applications where some errors can be tolerated. We have proposed a method for carrying out arithmetic operations with any multiple of k-bit resolution on the crossbar, for some limited values of k. The fault tolerant capability of the proposed architecture is evaluated through experimentation on benchmark datasets. We also perform case studies to analyze the performance of the approach with particular emphasis on approximate computing. The results of the case studies show that certain applications indeed exhibit fault tolerance in presence of faulty memristors.
Cognitive Theories of Emotion: Conceptualizing Pain and Suffering

This paper discusses two major cognitive theories of emotion, the conceptual act theory (CAT) and the basic emotion theory (BET). According to CAT, emotions are conceptual categories, and particular experiences of these emotions are tailored to the environment. BET suggests that an emotion like sadness arises from an innate brain network that is similar in all people, though there is some variability in emotional states that fall under the umbrella of sadness. The objective of this paper is to argue that CAT is better suited to conceptualize pain and suffering, because it recognizes that environmental cultural factors play an important role in creating emotional experiences. CAT asserts that memories and cultural norms significantly influence individuals’ experience of an emotion like sadness. This idea implies that two individuals’ experiences of sadness and other emotions might be very different from one another. Therefore, the proper way to conceptualize pain and suffering is as an individual-specific emotional state, which is strongly influenced by events from the individual’s past and his or her cultural context. Pursuing CAT with further studies may yield evidence for a neurological basis for subjective character of experience. CAT may also have implications for how professionals approach treatment of mental illnesses that deal with emotions of pain and suffering, such as depression and anxiety.
Dynamical properties of a nonequilibrium quantum dot close to a dissipative quantum phase transition

Departments of Physics and Applied Physics,Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511 USA(Dated: August 24, 2010)We calculate the dynamical decoherence rate and susceptibility of a nonequilibrium quantum dotclose to the delocalized-to-localized quantum phase transitions. The setup concerns a resonance-level coupled to two spinless fermionic baths with a ﬁnite bias voltage and an Ohmic bosonic bathrepresenting the dissipative environment. The system is equivalent to an anisotropic Kondo model.As the dissipation strength increases, the system at zero temperature and zero bias show quantumphase transition between a conducting delocalized phase to an insulating localized phase. Withinthe nonequilibrium functional Renormalization Group (FRG) approach, we address the ﬁnite biascrossover in dynamical decoherence rate and charge susceptibility close to the phase transition. Weﬁnd the dynamical decoherence rate increases with increasing frequency. In the delocalized phase,it shows a singularity at frequencies equal to positive or negative bias voltage. As the systemcrossovers to the localized phase, the decoherence rate at low frequencies get progressively smallerand this sharp feature is gradually smeared out, leading to a single linear frequency dependence.The dynamical charge susceptibility shows a dip-to-peak crossover across the delocalized-to-localizedtransition. Relevance of our results to the experiments is discussed.
Arctic Ocean simulations in the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP)

Abstract. Arctic Ocean simulations in 19 global ocean–sea-ice models participating in the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (OMIP) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) are evaluated in this paper. Our findings show no significant improvements in Arctic Ocean simulations from the previous Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II) to the current OMIP. Large model biases and inter-model spread exist in the simulated mean state of the halocline and Atlantic Water layer in the OMIP models. Most of the OMIP models suffer from a too thick and deep Atlantic Water layer, a too deep halocline base, and large fresh biases in the halocline. The OMIP models qualitatively agree on the variability and change of the Arctic Ocean freshwater content; sea surface height; stratification; and volume, heat, and freshwater transports through the Arctic Ocean gateways. They can reproduce the changes in the gateway transports observed in the early 21st century, with the exception of the Bering Strait. We also found that the OMIP models employing the NEMO ocean model simulate relatively larger volume and heat transports through the Barents Sea Opening. Overall, the performance of the Arctic Ocean simulations is similar between the CORE2-forced OMIP-1 and JRA55-do-forced OMIP-2 experiments.
Speckle reduction in ocular wave-front sensing

An acousto-optic cell was used to reduce the speckle noise that reduces the quality of Hartmann-Shack and other wave-front sensors measuring ocular aberrations. In the method presented here, a laser beam traverses an acousto-optic cell, interacting with standing acoustic waves. Speckle reduction takes place as the incoming beam is diffractively spread across the cornea. The increased size and the wider angular spread of the incoming beam average out the speckles, producing a more uniform response of the wave-front sensor.
Replica Shuffled Belief Propagation Decoding of LDPC Codes /Author=Juntan Zhang, Yige Wang, Marc Fossorier, Jonathan Yedidia /CreationDate=March 16, 2005 /Subject=

Replica shuffled belief propagation decoders of low-density parity-check codes are presented. The proposed decoders converge faster than standard and shuffled belief propagation decoders. Simulations shw that the new decoders offer good performance versus complexity trade-offs. Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS) 2005 c © 2005 MERL. This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. 201 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Presented at the Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS-2005) held at Johns Hopkins University in March, 2005. Replica Shuffled Belief Propagation Decoding of LDPC Codes Juntan Zhang, Yige Wang and Marc Fossorier Department of Electrical Engineering University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, HI 96822 Jonathan S. Yedidia Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02139
Kaluza-Klein Black Holes with Squashed Horizons

We study geometrical structures of charged static black holes in the five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory. The black holes we study have horizons in the form of squashed S 3 , and their asymptotic structure consists of a twisted S 1 bundle over the four-dimensional flat spacetime at the spatial infinity. The spacetime we consider is fully five-dimensional in the vicinity of the black hole and four-dimensional with a compact extra dimension at infinity.
Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

We investigate the source of the large variations in the observed detection efficiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from “constrictions:” highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the bias-current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices when they are biased near the critical current density.
The period-luminosity and period-radius relations of Type II and anomalous Cepheids in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds

Method: In an accompanying paper (arXiv: 1705.00886) we determined luminosity and effective temperature for the 335 T2Cs and ACs in the LMC and SMC discovered in the OGLE-III survey, by constructing the spectral energy distribution (SED) and fitting this with model atmospheres and a dust radiative transfer model (in the case of dust excess). Building on these results we study the PL and PR relations. Using existing pulsation models for RR Lyrae and classical Cepheids we derive the period-luminosity-mass-temperature-metallicity relations, and then estimate the pulsation mass. Results: The PL relation for the T2Cs does not appear to depend on metallicity, and, excluding the dusty RV Tau stars, is $M_{\rm bol}= +0.12 -1.78 \log P$ (for $P < 50$ days). Relations for fundamental and first overtone LMC ACs are also presented. The PR relation for T2C also shows little or no dependence on metallicity or period. Our preferred relation combines SMC and LMC stars and all T2C subclasses, and is $\log R = 0.846 + 0.521 \log P$. Relations for fundamental and first overtone LMC ACs are also presented. The pulsation masses from the RR Lyrae and classical Cepheid pulsation models agree well for the short period T2Cs, the BL Her subtype, and ACs, and are consistent with estimates in the literature, i.e. $M_{\rm BLH} \sim 0.49$ \msol\ and $M_{\rm AC} ~\sim 1.3$ \msol, respectively. The masses of the W Vir appear similar to the BL Her. The situation for the pWVir and RV Tau stars is less clear. For many RV Tau the masses are in conflict with the standard picture of (single-star) post-AGB evolution, the masses being either too large ($\gtrsim$ 1 \msol) or too small ($\lesssim$ 0.4 \msol).
BRST cohomology of systems with secondary constraints

Extending phase space to include time and it canonical conjugate energy as well as the usual momentum and position variables, and then introducing the constraint which sets energy equal to the Hamiltonian, gives a symplectic action of the additive group R which corresponds to time translation along the solutions to the equations of motion. This allows the BRST operator of a system with secondary constraints to be constructed from first principles.
On the power of interleaved low-depth quantum and classical circuits

Low-depth quantum circuits are a well-suited model for near-term quantum devices, given short coherence times and noisy gate operations, making it pivotal to examine their computational power. It was already known as early as 2004 that simulating such low-depth quantum circuits is classically hard under complexity-theoretic assumptions. Later, it was shown that low-depth quantum circuits interleaved with low-depth classical circuits can perform approximate quantum Fourier transform, the quantum subroutine of Shor’s algorithm. Given these salient features of low-depth quantum models, Terhal and DiVincenzo, Aaronson, and Jozsa have all independently conjectured regarding the elusive power of combining low-depth quantum circuits with efficient classical computation. However, much has remained unresolved in this interleaved setting. Therefore, in this thesis, we tackle the question of characterizing the computational power of interleaved low-depth quantum and classical circuits. We first review existing separations in the low-depth setting. Then, we formally define two interleaving models based on whether the quantum device is permitted to make subset measurements (weak interleaving) or must measure all qubits together (strict interleaving). By combining existing techniques from quantum fan-out constructions, teleportationbased quantum computation, and Clifford + T circuit synthesis, we show several results regarding the power of variants of constant-depth quantum circuits (QNC) strictly and weakly interleaved with constant-depth classical parity circuits (⊕f). Our main new result is that QNC with access to cat states strictly interleaved with ⊕f can simulate constantdepth threshold circuits (TC), which neither of the classes can do on their own. This strictly separates this interleaved class from constant-depth classical circuits with unbounded fan-in mod p and OR gates (AC[p]).
Detecting Magnetospheric Radio Emission from Giant Exoplanets

As radio astronomy enters a golden age, ground-based observatories are reaching sensitivities capable of unlocking a new and exciting field of exoplanet observation. Radio observation of planetary auroral emission provides unique and complementary insight into planetary science not available via orthodox exoplanet observation techniques. Supplying the first measurements of planetary magnetic fields, rotation rates, and orbital obliquities, we gain necessary and crucial insight into our understanding of the star–planet relationships, geophysics, composition, and habitability of exoplanets. Using a stellar-wind-driven Jovian approximation, we present analytical methods for estimating magnetospheric radio emission from confirmed exoplanets. Predicted radio fluxes from cataloged exoplanets are compared against the wavelengths and sensitivities of current and future observatories. Candidate exoplanets are downselected based on the sky coverage of each ground-based observatory. Orbits of target exoplanets are modeled to account for influential orbit-dependent effects in anticipating time-varying exoplanet radio luminosity and flux. To evaluate the angular alignment of exoplanetary beamed emission relative to Earth’s position, the equatorial latitude of exoplanetary auroral emission is compared against Earth’s apparent latitude on the exoplanet. Predicted time-dependent measurements and recommended beamformed observations for ground-based radio arrays are provided, along with a detailed analysis of the anticipated emission behavior for τ Boo b.
Limits to the 14 keV Extragalactic X-Ray Background

We observed several nearby face-on spiral galaxies with the ROSAT PSPC. The apparent deficiency in soft X-ray surface brightness observed at the outer portion of their disks is consistent with the absorption of the extragalactic soft X-ray background by material associated with these galaxies, and allows us to place a lower limit on the intensity of this cosmologically important background. From the depth of the soft X-ray shadow observed in NGC 3184, a 95% confidence lower limit was derived to be $32 keV cm^{-2} s^{-1} keV^{-1}$ at 1/4 keV. This was obtained by assuming that there is no unresolved 1/4 keV X-ray emission from the outer region of the galaxy which may otherwise partially fill in the shadow: any such emission, or any unresolved structure in the absorbing gas, would imply a larger value. In the deepest exposure to date in this energy range, Hasinger et al. (1993) resolved about $30 keV cm^{-2} s^{-1} keV^{-1}$ at 1/4 keV into discrete sources; our current limit is therefore consistent with an extragalactic origin for all of these sources. Our results can also be directly compared with the corresponding upper limit derived from the ROSAT PSPC detection of soft X-ray shadows cast by high-latitude clouds in Ursa Major, $\simeq 65 keV cm^{-2} s^{-1} keV^{-1}$ at 1/4 keV. The lower and upper limits are only a factor of 2 apart, and begin to provide a reasonable measurement of the intensity of the 1/4 keV extragalactic X-ray background.
Diffusion on weakly-coupled networks of networks with fitness factors

A diffusive dynamics on weakly-coupled networks of networks is analytically tackled by an appropriate separation of time scales in adiabatic approximation that makes it possible to reduce the system dynamics into a Markov chain for aggregated variables. Fitness factors describing heterogeneous attractiveness of individual nodes for migrating particles are taken into account. A transport equation analogous to the First Fick's Law with an additional driving force is derived. The entropy production is a sum of microscopic entropy transport corresponding to particles migrating between networks of different topologies and a macroscopic entropy of the Markov chain. Numerical simulations of particles' ensemble confirm analytical results for diffusion constants. The approach is valid also for weighted networks and for hierarchical networks where several different time scales are present.
The possibilities of using digital twin technology in the life cycle of buildings

The article deals with Digital twin (DT) technology, as one of the latest technologies, which, unlike construction, is already widely used in other industries. The theoretical knowledge basis of this technology in construction industry lies in understanding the characteristics of the digital twin and in using knowledge about it from other areas of application. Based on acquired theoretical knowledge and an example from construction practice, the aim of the article is to demonstrate the development process of a digital twin and to indicate the benefits of using Asset Information Model (AIM) as an essential source of information for development of DT during the phases of the life cycle of buildings. The case study analyses the process of development of a digital twin of the heating system in family house, from the initial design of a heating project, through use of 3D scanning to create a virtual model and the integration of various tools of Internet of Things technology to the creation of its virtual model. Reflexion on the benefits of AIM in various phases of the life cycle of buildings, induced from the study of theoretical knowledge and based on the case study, is an essential part of the article.
Static diffusion cloud chambers

The chamber geometry and optical arrangement are described. The supersaturation range is given and consists of readings taken at five fixed points: 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, and 1.25%. The detection system is described including light source, cameras, and photocell detectors. The temperature control and the calibration of the chamber are discussed.
Optimized phase switching using a single-atom nonlinearity

We show that a nonlinear phase shift of π can be obtained by using a single two-level atom in a one-sided cavity with negligible losses. This result implies that the use of a one-sided cavity can significantly improve the π/18 phase shift previously observed by Turchette et al (1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 4710).
Detailed X-Ray Mapping of the Shocked Ejecta and Circumstellar Medium in the Galactic Core-collapse Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8

G292.0+1.8 (G292) is a young (∼3000 yr), Galactic textbook-type core-collapse supernova remnant. It is characterized by X-ray, optical and infrared emission from ejecta and circumstellar medium (CSM) features, and contains a pulsar (PSR J1124-5916) and pulsar wind nebula that have been observed in X-rays and radio. Previous studies have revealed a complex, dynamically evolving, oxygen-rich remnant, a striking relic from the explosion of a massive star. Here, using our deep (530 ks) Chandra ACIS data, we present high spatial-resolution maps (based on a regional grid size of a few arcsecond) of the shocked CSM and metal-rich ejecta in G292. We make the first Chandra-detection of Fe-rich ejecta in G292. We identify the X-ray counterpart of the northern equatorial belt, a component of a ring-like CSM structure identified earlier in the infrared band. We show the detailed spatial distributions of ejecta enriched in O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe. We find that the bulk of the Si, S, and Fe-rich X-ray-emitting ejecta are located in the northwestern hemisphere of the remnant, opposite to the pulsar’s projected angular displacement to the southeast from the SNR’s center. This suggests that the pulsar’s kick may have originated from gravitational and hydrodynamic forces during an asymmetric explosion, rather than from anisotropic neutrino emission. Based on abundance ratios and our estimated CSM and ejecta masses, we constrain the progenitor mass to 13 M⊙ ≲ M ≲ 30 M⊙
Efficient sharing of a continuous-variable quantum secret

We propose an efficient scheme for sharing a continuous-variable quantum secret using passive optical interferometry and squeezers: this efficiency is achieved by showing that a maximum of two squeezers is required to extract the secret state, and we obtain the cheapest configuration in terms of total squeezing cost. Squeezing is a cost for the dealer of the secret as well as for the receivers, and we quantify limitations to the fidelity of the extracted secret state in terms of the squeezing employed by the dealer.
Anaesthesia for vascular emergencies – a state of the art review

In this state‐of‐the‐art review, we discuss the presenting symptoms and management strategies for vascular emergencies. Although vascular emergencies are best treated at a vascular surgical centre, patients may present to any emergency department and may require both immediate management and safe transport to a vascular centre. We describe the surgical and anaesthetic considerations for management of aortic dissection, aortic rupture, carotid endarterectomy, acute limb ischaemia and mesenteric ischaemia. Important issues to consider in aortic dissection are extent of the dissection and surgical need for bypasses in addition to endovascular repair. From an anaesthetist's perspective, aortic dissection requires infrastructure for massive transfusion, smooth management should an endovascular procedure require conversion to an open procedure, haemodynamic manipulation during stent deployment and prevention of spinal cord ischaemia. Principles in management of aortic rupture, whether open or endovascular treatment is chosen, include immediate transfer to a vascular care centre; minimising haemodynamic changes to reduce aortic shear stress; permissive hypotension in the pre‐operative period; and initiation of massive transfusion protocol. Carotid endarterectomy for carotid stenosis is managed with general or regional techniques, and anaesthetists must be prepared to manage haemodynamic, neurological and airway issues peri‐operatively. Acute limb ischaemia is a result of embolism, thrombosis, dissection or trauma, and may be treated with open repair or embolectomy, under either general or local anaesthesia. Due to hypercoagulability, there may be higher numbers of acutely ischaemic limbs among patients with COVID‐19, which is important to consider in the current pandemic. Mesenteric ischaemia is a rare vascular emergency, but it is challenging to diagnose and associated with high morbidity and mortality. Several peri‐operative issues are common to all vascular emergencies: acute renal injury; management of transfusion; need for heparinisation and reversal; and challenging postoperative care. Finally, the important development of endovascular techniques for repair in many vascular emergencies has improved care, and the availability of transoesophageal echocardiography has improved monitoring as well as aids in surgical placement of endovascular grafts and for post‐procedural evaluation.