Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Airflow Trajectories Around Aircraft on Measurements of Scalar Fluxes

Abstract Potential-flow calculations of the airflow around two research aircraft are used to estimate the effect of flow distortion on measured fluxes of sensible heat and water vapor. From the calculated flow patterns, flow-distortion coefficients are determined and used to characterize biases and contamination terms in the measured fluxes. These calculations provide the basis for estimating the magnitude of the errors and in some cases for correcting the measurements. The errors in measured fluxes for typical mid-day planetary boundary layers are usually less than 5%, if the normal choices for sensor locations are used, but could be much larger for other possible locations. The estimated errors for realistic measurement conditions are smaller than statistical uncertainties in the flux estimates for those same flight segments, when the flight legs are about 10 min in duration.
Twenty-eight day repeated exposure of human 3D bronchial epithelial model to heated tobacco aerosols indicates decreased toxicological responses compared to cigarette smoke

Tobacco harm reduction (THR) involves providing adult smokers with potentially reduced harm modes of nicotine delivery as alternatives to smoking combustible cigarettes. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) form a category with THR potential due to their ability to deliver nicotine and flavours through heating, not burning, tobacco. By eliminating burning, heated tobacco does not produce smoke but an aerosol which contains fewer and lower levels of harmful chemicals compared to cigarette smoke. In this study we assessed the in vitro toxicological profiles of two prototype HTPs’ aerosols compared to the 1R6F reference cigarette using the 3D human (bronchial) MucilAir™ model. To increase consumer relevance, whole aerosol/smoke exposures were delivered repeatedly across a 28 day period (16, 32, or 48 puffs per exposure). Cytotoxicity (LDH secretion), histology (Alcian Blue/H&E; Muc5AC; FoxJ1 staining), cilia active area and beat frequency and inflammatory marker (IL-6; IL-8; MMP-1; MMP-3; MMP-9; TNFα) levels were assessed. Diluted 1R6F smoke consistently induced greater and earlier effects compared to the prototype HTP aerosols across the endpoints, and in a puff dependent manner. Although some significant changes across the endpoints were induced by exposure to the HTPs, these were substantially less pronounced and less frequently observed, with apparent adaptive responses occurring over the experimental period. Furthermore, these differences between the two product categories were observed at a greater dilution (and generally lower nicotine delivery range) for 1R6F (1R6F smoke diluted 1/14, HTP aerosols diluted 1/2, with air). Overall, the findings demonstrate the THR potential of the prototype HTPs through demonstrated substantial reductions in toxicological outcomes in in vitro 3D human lung models.
A Time Efficient Factorial Hidden Markov Model-Based Approach for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

Assessment of energy consumption behaviour plays an important role in designing demand reduction programs by utility companies. Knowledge of appliance activities in a household aids in conducting the energy consumption behaviour assessment for a community load. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a tool that can help in identifying the appliance activities. In this paper, a Modified Factorial Hidden Markov Model (MFHMM) based NILM framework is proposed, which models dependencies among appliance operating states and differential appliance operating states by considering differential in power consumption profiles over time. All the appliances are modelled as individual load models using the Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The appliance operating states are obtained with the application of an iterative k-means clustering algorithm. The aggregated power consumption profile is divided into segments using an optimization-based change-point detection (CPD) algorithm. The NILM problem is solved for each of the segments, and the obtained solution is corrected based on the voltage profile at the aggregated load point. The approach of segmentation and efficient identification of appliance operating states make the model less time complex. Simulations are carried out on publicly available datasets named AMPds, REDD, and UK-DALE. The efficacy of the proposed framework over existing frameworks is evident from the simulation results.
Axion bremsstrahlung in dense stars. II. Phonon contributions

The energy-loss rate due to axion bremsstrahlung in dense stars such as white dwarfs or neutron stars is calculated by taking into account the phonon contributions in the crystalline lattice state accurately. It is found that the phonon contributions amount to 50-70 percent of the state lattice contributions near the melting temperature. Accurate analytic fitting formulas for the axion bremsstrahlung rate are given. 11 references.
Review of chip-scale atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping

Research on chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) based on coherent population trapping (CPT) is reviewed. The background and the inspiration for the research are described, including the important schemes proposed to improve the CPT signal quality, the selection of atoms and buffer gases, and the development of micro-cell fabrication. With regard to the reliability, stability, and service life of the CSACs, the research regarding the sensitivity of the CPT resonance to temperature and laser power changes is also reviewed, as well as the CPT resonance's collision and light of frequency shifts. The first generation CSACs have already been developed but its characters are still far from our expectations. Our conclusion is that miniaturization and power reduction are the most important aspects calling for further research.
Trends in Autism Spectrum-Related Motherhood Research: A Bibliometric Study

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in socialization. The amount of scientific research results on motherhood related to ASD has grown exponentially; however, there are no bibliometric studies in this field. Objective: This article aimed to analyze scientific research on motherhood related to the autism spectrum published in WoS. Articles on motherhood related to ASD were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS). The advanced search interface used was “Title of the article, Abstract, Keywords”. The analysis and visualization of the selected documents and their data were performed using a wide range of tools and software such as MS Excel (v16.0), VOS viewer (version 1.6.15), and R packages (Biblioshiny, version 2.0). A total of 1660 articles were included in this study. Most of the publications were original articles. The United States published the most significant number of articles among the countries identified. P.R. Hastings, M.M. Seltzer, and J. Van de Water were the main authors. The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders was the most productive and impactful journal. The main research topics were related to mental health and social support in the role of motherhood. This desk study provides researchers with a comprehensive understanding of ASD-related maternity research trends by evaluating relevant publications in recent decades. The results of this bibliometric analysis can serve as a basis and orientation for new studies.
Severe influenza infection is associated with inflammatory programmed cell death in infected macrophages

Introduction Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the leading causes of respiratory tract infections in humans, representing a major public health concern. The various types of cell death have a crucial role in IAV pathogenesis because this virus may trigger both apoptosis and necroptosis in airway epithelial cells in parallel. Macrophages play an important role in the clearance of virus particles, priming the adaptive immune response in influenza. However, the contribution of macrophage death to pathogenesis of IAV infection remains unclear. Methods In this work, we investigated IAV-induced macrophage death, along with potential therapeutic intervention. We conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments to evaluate the mechanism and the contribution of macrophages death to the inflammatory response induced by IAV infection. Results We found that IAV or its surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) triggers inflammatory programmed cell death in human and murine macrophages in a Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)- and TNF-dependent manner. Anti-TNF treatment in vivo with the clinically approved drug etanercept prevented the engagement of the necroptotic loop and mouse mortality. Etanercept impaired the IAV-induced proinflammatory cytokine storm and lung injury. Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated a positive feedback loop of events that led to necroptosis and exacerbated inflammation in IAV-infected macrophages. Our results highlight an additional mechanism involved in severe influenza that could be attenuated with clinically available therapies.
THE LAPLACIAN SPECTRUM OF GRAPHS y

The paper is essentially a survey of known results about the spectrum of the Laplacian matrix of graphs with special emphasis on the second smallest Lapla- cian eigenvalue 2 and its relation to numerous graph invariants, including connectivity, expanding properties, isoperimetric number, maximum cut, independence number, genus, diameter, mean distance, and bandwidth-type parameters of a graph. Some new results and generalizations are added.
Transient performance enhancement of direct adaptive control of nonlinear systems using multiple models and switching

Adaptive control of nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties is considered. A novel approach is presented which makes use of multiple identification models and switching based on direct adaptive control scheme. The use of multiple fixed models and switching provides better transient response under sudden changes in the parameter values. The parameter estimates are reset to the fixed values whenever one of these fixed models yields smaller identification error. The restrictive matching conditions are not required, but the nonlinearities are assumed to be Lipschitz. This work is the generalisation of the methodology proposed by Ciliz and Cezayirli.
Lichen sclerosus: The 2023 update

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an underdiagnosed inflammatory mucocutaneous condition affecting the anogenital areas. Postmenopausal women are predominantly affected and, to a lesser extent, men, prepubertal children, and adolescents. The etiology of LS is still unknown. Hormonal status, frequent trauma and autoimmune diseases are well-known associations for LS, yet infections do not seem to be clear risk factors. LS pathogenesis involves factors such as a genetic predisposition and an immune-mediated Th1-specific IFNγ-induced phenotype. Furthermore, there is a distinct expression of tissue remodeling associated genes as well as microRNAs. Oxidative stress with lipid and DNA peroxidation provides an enabling microenvironment to autoimmunity and carcinogenesis. Circulating IgG autoantibodies against the extracellular matrix protein 1 and hemidesmosome may contribute to the progression of LS or simply represent an epiphenomenon. The typical clinical picture includes chronic whitish atrophic patches along with itching and soreness in the vulvar, perianal and penile regions. In addition to genital scarring, and sexual and urinary dysfunction, LS may also lead to squamous cell carcinoma. Disseminated extragenital LS and oral LS are also reported. The diagnosis is usually clinical; however, a skin biopsy should be performed in case of an unclear clinical picture, treatment failure or suspicion of a neoplasm. The gold-standard therapy is the long-term application of ultrapotent or potent topical corticosteroids and, alternatively, topical calcineurin inhibitors such as pimecrolimus or tacrolimus. Collectively, LS is a common dermatological disease with a so far incompletely understood pathogenesis and only limited treatment options. To foster translational research in LS, we provide here an update on its clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and (emerging) treatment options.
Newly developed inductive write head with electroplated CoNiFe film

A newly developed CoNiFe film is investigated from the viewpoint of its application to MR write heads. Film composition is Co/sub 65/Ni/sub 12/Fe/sub 23/, prepared by electroplating to obtain a b.c.c. plus f.c. c. mixed phase at that composition. Films with mixed phases show improved soft magnetic properties (B/sub s/ is 2.0-2.1 T and the magnetostriction coefficient is +1.8/spl times/10/sup -6/ to +7.4/spl times/10/sup -6/) and also show improved corrosion resistance. Performance of a head with a double layer structure of a 0.3 /spl mu/m CoNiFe film and a 4.1 /spl mu/m NiFe film is investigated, and a short throat height is found to give better overwrite performance.
Controllability, zeros, and filtrations for singular systems

The global zero module of a matrix pencil measures controllability and uncontrollability of an associated singular linear system. If the global zero module vanishes, then the polynomial filtration on the Wedderburn-Forney space of the pencil kernel corresponds to the global controllability filtration of the system. This correspondence gives a new structural interpretation of a matrix pencil's Kronecker indices.
A stable numerical integration scheme for the primitive meteorological equations

Abstract A stable numerical integration scheme is applied to the non‐divergent barotropic vorticity equation. Integrations are performed with time steps ranging from 15 min to 4 h. The root‐mean‐square differences between the forecasts are calculated in order to measure the sensitivity of the predictions to the size of the time step. These experiments show that the truncation errors remain reasonably small with time steps as large as two hours. This scheme is then associated with the semi‐implicit algorithm in the integration of the shallow water equations. Integrations are carried out with large time steps and the resulting predictions are presented in order to demonstrate that the scheme is perfectly stable.
Ubiquitin specific peptidases and prostate cancer

Protein ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification mechanism, which regulates protein stability and activity. The ubiquitination of proteins can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), the largest DUB subfamily, can regulate cellular functions by removing ubiquitin(s) from the target proteins. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading type of cancer and the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the development of PCa is highly correlated with USPs. The expression of USPs is either high or low in PCa cells, thereby regulating the downstream signaling pathways and causing the development or suppression of PCa. This review summarized the functional roles of USPs in the development PCa and explored their potential applications as therapeutic targets for PCa.
First-year urban secondary teachers’ responses to problematic behavior

Abstract Many novice teachers leave the field shortly after being hired due to student problematic behaviors. Utilizing effective strategies is not easy, given the disconnect between what the teachers and the students perceive as appropriate behavior. In this study, the researcher analyzed some strategies first-year teachers used to stop and/or deescalate problematic behaviors in urban secondary classrooms. Twenty-two mathematics and science teachers participated in this study. Results show that the teachers stopped and/or deescalated problematic behavior by changing students seating, rewarding appropriate behavior, conferencing with the students, and soliciting parental and administrative support. For severe circumstances, when students engaged in fighting, teachers implemented emergency plans.
Spectral Energy Distributions of LIRGs

Abstract We present preliminary results from a study of the SEDs of a complete sample of 65 LIRGs from GOALS. The spectral shapes at λ > 10μm are similar, while the largest variations occur in the NIR (L1μm5μm/L⊙ ~ 1.0–0.01) and UV (L1μm0.12μm/L⊙ ~ 2.0–0.005). Using stellar population synthesis models to fit the UV–NIR continuum data, we derive stellar masses for the host galaxies of log (M*/M⊙) ~ 10.2–11.4 with a mean of ~ 10.8.
Microfinancing and Poverty Alleviation: A Case of Advans Savings and Loans Limited in Sunyani

The study examined the effect of microfinance on poverty alleviation in Sunyani Municipal using Advans Savings and Loans Limited. The study employed descriptive survey of the quantitative approach. Convenience sampling was used to select 243 respondents to form part of the study. Questionnaire was used as a data collection instrument to solicit for data from the market operators. The data gathered from the respondents were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages and means as well as paired sample t-test with the aid of Statistical Package for Service Solution software version 21.0. The study found that household’s income, agribusiness, productivity and paying of utility bills have been improved after the introduction of microfinance service. Households’ daily savings, frequent of savings, and amount of savings have been improved subsequently after accessing microfinance products. There has been an improvement in the acquisition of assets after households started to patronize microfinance services. Respondents’ livelihoods have been influenced positively. There has been an appreciable improvement in financial, human and physical assets but little influence on natural and social assets. Therefore, the study recommended that microfinance should develop and improve upon packages and products for households in order to improve upon their income levels as well as acquisition of basic household assets. Moreover, households should be sensitized and educated on the essence of investing in social assets as well as social assets in the society.
Retinal Venule Coverage by Pericytes Decreases in Multiparous Mice in a Time-Dependent Manner Post-Delivery

Structural changes in the retinal vasculature have been linked to increased cardiovascular risks and also change as a function of age. Because multiparity has been associated with poorer cardiovascular health scores, we hypothesized that changes in retinal vascular caliber would be observed in multiparous, compared to nulliparous, females and retired breeder males. Age-matched nulliparous (n = 6) and multiparous (n = 11, retired breeder females with 4 ± 1 litters), and male breeder (n = 7) SMA-GFP reporter mice were included for assessment of retinal vascular structure. Multiparous females had higher body mass, heart weight, and kidney weight compared to nulliparous mice, with lower kidney and higher brain weight compared to male breeders. There was no difference in number of retinal arterioles or venules, or arteriole or venule diameter among groups; however, venous pericyte density (number per venule area) decreased in multiparous vs. nulliparous mice and was negatively associated with the time since last litter and with age. Our results suggest that the time elapsed since delivery is an important factor to be considered in multiparity studies. Taken together, changes in vascular structure and potentially function, are time- and age-dependent. Ongoing and future work will determine whether structural changes are associated with functional consequences at the blood–retinal barrier.
Finiteness Conditions in Group Cohomology

In this thesis we investigate groups whose nth cohomology functors commute with filtered colimits for all sufficiently large n. In Chapter 1 we introduce some basic definitions and important background material. We make the definition that a group G has cohomology almost everywhere finitary if and only if the set F(G) of natural numbers n for which the nth cohomology of G commutes with filtered colimits is cofinite. We also introduce Kropholler's class LHF of locally hierarchically decomposable groups. We then state a key result of Kropholler, which establishes a dichotomy for this class: If G is an LHF-group, then the set F(G) is either finite or cofinite. Kropholler's theorem does not, however, give a characterisation of the LHF-groups with cohomology almost everywhere finitary, and this is precisely the problem that we are interested in. In Chapter 2 we investigate algebraic characterisations of certain classes of LHF-groups with cohomology almost everywhere finitary. In particular, we establish sufficient conditions for a group in the class H1F to have cohomology almost everywhere finitary. We prove a stronger result for the class of groups of finite virtual cohomological dimension over a ring R of prime characteristic p, and use this result to answer an open question of Leary and Nucinkis. We also consider the class of locally (polycyclic-by-finite) groups, and show that such a group G has cohomology almost everywhere finitary if and only if G has finite virtual cohomological dimension and the normalizer of every non-trivial finite subgroup of G is finitely generated. We then change direction in Chapter 3, and show an interesting connection between this problem and the problem of group actions on spheres. In particular, we show that if G is an infinitely generated locally (polycyclic-by-finite) group with cohomology almost everywhere finitary, then every finite subgroup of G acts freely and orthogonally on some sphere. Finally, in Chapter 4 we provide a topological characterisation of the LHF-groups with cohomology almost everywhere finitary. In particular, we show that if G is an LHF-group with cohomology almost everywhere finitary, then GxZ has an Eilenberg-Mac Lane space K(GxZ,1) with finitely many n-cells for all sufficiently large n. It is an open question as to whether the LHF restriction can be dropped here. We also show that the converse statement holds for arbitrary G.
Sharp focusing of on-axis superposition of a high-order cylindrical vector beam and a beam with linear polarization

In this work, the sharp focusing of a laser beam whose initial polarization pattern is formed by superposition of a cylindrical mth-order vector beam and a homogeneous linearly polarized beam is considered theoretically and numerically. Although in the source plane of such a beam both the angular spin momentum and the third Stokes parameter are equal to zero, we reveal that given odd m, subwavelength local regions are formed in the focal plane, where transverse vortex energy flows occur and the third Stokes parameter (the on-axis component of the angular spin momentum) is non-zero. Thus, at odd m, at the focus of such a beam there are – sub-regions with elliptical polarization of light with alternating handedness in the adjacent sub-regions (clockwise and counterclockwise). This phenomenon can be interpreted as a variant of an optical Hall effect. We note that at even m, the field at the focus is linearly polarized at every point and no transverse energy flow is observed.