Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral Energy Distributions of Active Galactic Nuclei between 0.1 and 100 Microns

The 0.1-100-micron line-free spectral energy distributions of 29 AGN are characterized by fitting simple models to data from IRAS and IUE observations and ground-based NIR and optical spectrophotometry. The data are presented in tables and graphs and discussed in detail. It is found that nuclear dust does not play a major role in most of the Seyfert 1 galaxies and QSOs, which can be described by a model with four spectral components.
Large-scale 3D geoelectromagnetic modeling using parallel adaptive high-order finite element method

ABSTRACTWe have investigated the use of the adaptive high-order finite-element method (FEM) for geoelectromagnetic modeling. Because high-order FEM is challenging from the numerical and computational points of view, most published finite-element studies in geoelectromagnetics use the lowest order formulation. Solution of the resulting large system of linear equations poses the main practical challenge. We have developed a fully parallel and distributed robust and scalable linear solver based on the optimal block-diagonal and auxiliary space preconditioners. The solver was found to be efficient for high finite element orders, unstructured and nonconforming locally refined meshes, a wide range of frequencies, large conductivity contrasts, and number of degrees of freedom (DoFs). Furthermore, the presented linear solver is in essence algebraic; i.e., it acts on the matrix-vector level and thus requires no information about the discretization, boundary conditions, or physical source used, making it readily ef.
Classical social processes: Attractor and computational models

Attractor models provide a generalized way to represent processes found throughout science. A fuller articulation of the attractor framework requires that it be addressed qualitatively and conceptually as a nonlinear mathematical order residing between cyclical and random processes. Many significant nonlinear social processes have been identified and analyzed in classical social theory. These include the circulation of the elites (Pareto), cultural dynamics (Sorokin), social differentiation (Durkheim) and rationalization in modern institutions (Weber). The present discussion develops a qualitative consideration of such classical social processes as attractor systems, and discusses possible applications of such models in computational social science.
EGRET upper limits to the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the millisecond pulsars in nearby globular clusters

We report upper limits to the high-energy gamma-ray emission from the millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in a number of globular clusters. The observations were done as part of an all-sky survey by the energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) during Phase I of the CGRO mission (1991 June to 1992 November). Several theoretical models suggest that MSPs may be sources of high-energy gamma radiation emitted either as primary radiation from the pulsar magnetosphere or as secondary radiation generated by conversion into photons of a substantial part of the relativistic e(+/-) pair wind expected to flow from the pulsar. To date, no high-energy emission has been detected from an individual MSP. However, a large number of MSPs are expected in globular cluster cores where the formation rate of accreting binary systems is high. Model predictions of the total number of pulsars range in the hundreds for some clusters. These expectations have been reinforced by recent discoveries of a substantial number of radio MSPs in several clusters; for example, 11 have been found in 47 Tucanae (Manchester et al.). The EGRET observations have been used to obtain upper limits for the efficiency eta of conversion of MSP spin-down power into hard gamma rays. The upper limits are also compared with the gamma-ray fluxes predicted from theoretical models of pulsar wind emission (Tavani). The EGRET limits put significant constraints on either the emission models or the number of pulsars in the globular clusters.
Power-Law Property of High Clustering Network Induced by Deactivation Mechanism

We study the high clustering model of K. Klemm and V.M. Eguiliuz [1]. The basic idea is the growing networks based on a finite memory of the nodes. Our main contributions are as follows: based on the high clustering model, we investigate analytically that it does generate a power-law degree distribution and give the exact solution from the perspective of Markov chain. And the degree exponent varying is depend on the parameters α and m.
Udder types and associated traits affect milk composition and subclinical mastitis in Karayaka sheep

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between udder type and udder traits and milk composition and subclinical mastitis in Karayaka sheep. For this purpose, udder types were determined and udder and teat traits were measured in 32 Karayaka sheep. In addition, milk fat, protein, lactose, dry matter contents, freezing point, SCC and pH were measured. Our results showed that udder type had an effect on right (RTL) and left (LTL) teat length, right (RTDM) and left (LTDM) teat diameter and teat distance (TD). In addition, udder type was found to have an effect on lactose and pH. High or moderate phenotypic correlations were found between teat traits and lactose, freezing point and pH. In addition, of the phenotypic correlations between udder and teat traits, only the correlation between RTL and SCC was significant. SCC showed high phenotypic correlations with fat, lactose, dry matter, protein, freezing point and pH. Our results showed that udder type was effective on teat size, the sheep whose teats were vertical had low milk lactose and high pH, and the sheep with this type of udder were found to have a higher probability of mastitis.
A numerical case study on footprint model performance under inhomogeneous flow conditions

Two models for predicting near-surface flux and concentration footprints are compared concerning their performance in the presence of heterogeneous surface conditions. One of the models is a conventional Lagrangian backward model and the second an LES model with an embedded Lagrangian footprint model. The latter model reveals generation of thermally induced secondary circulation under such surface heterogeneity. The conventional Lagrangian backward model with simple parameterization of flow conditions mostly performs well in footprint predictions for concentrations and somewhat worse for fluxes, and fails only in areas where flow patterns are dominated by pronounced secondary circulations.
Effect of intensity error correlation on the computed phase of phase-shifting interferometry

The effect of intensity noise on the computed phase of phase-shifting interferometry is investigated. Using a simple Taylor expansion, one can easily show the sensitivity of the error in computed phase to frame-to-frame intensity noise correlation. The sensitivity of various algorithms to statistically independent intensity noise and intensity quantization noise is considered. Intensity-error cross correlations are found to increase the error in computed phase for the case of intensity quantization error.
Consistent splitting schemes for incompressible viscoelastic flow problems

Viscoelastic fluids are highly challenging from the rheological standpoint, and their discretization demands robust, efficient numerical solvers. Simulating viscoelastic flows requires combining the Navier–Stokes system with a dynamic tensorial equation, increasing mathematical and computational demands. Hence, fractional‐step methods decoupling the calculation of the flow quantities are an attractive option. In consistent fractional‐step schemes, the splitting of the equations is derived from the continuous level, so that neither mass nor momentum balance is sacrificed. Thus, no corrections or velocity projections are needed, resulting in fewer algorithmic steps than other classical approaches. Moreover, consistency guarantees the absence of both numerical boundary layers and splitting errors, enabling high‐order accuracy in space and time. This article introduces the first consistent splitting methods for incompressible flows of viscoelastic fluids, for which arbitrary constitutive laws are allowed. We present the formulation and the algorithm, along with various numerical examples testing their accuracy. First‐, second‐ and third‐order backward‐differentiation schemes are numerically tested, and optimal convergence is confirmed for several spatial and temporal discretizations. Furthermore, good numerical stability is verified in challenging benchmark problems, including steady and time‐dependent solutions.
Computer Simulations of Dual-Antenna Microwave Ablation and Comparison to Experimental Measurements

Single-antenna microwave ablation (MWA) is mainly used to treat small tumors less than 3 cm in diameter. To obtain a larger coagulation zone in a single ablation, a dual-antenna ablation approach was proposed. A three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) simulation model of parallel dual-antennas was developed. Ex vivo experiments at 50 W for 8 min were performed to verify the model. Both the temperature changes in tissue and the size of the coagulation zone were recorded. The effects of dual-antenna spacing, heating power, and blood perfusion on the coagulation zone were analyzed. Fifteen experiments were carried out. The errors between the mean measurements and simulated results at the set temperature points were 1.08 °C, 0.95 °C, and 2.1 °C, respectively. For the same conditions, the blood perfusion of 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 kg/(m3·s) can result in a reduction in the coagulation volume by 18.4%, 25.4%, and 42.5%. As the spacing increased, the coagulation zone of each antenna started to fuse together later and the resulting integral coagulation zone became larger. Dual-antenna MWA is expected to be used for the treatment of tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter.
Emission and emittance measurements of electron beams generated from Cu and diamond photocathodes

We report on the electron emission from Cu and diamond film cathodes irradiated with two ultraviolet excimer laser beams working at 308 nm XeCl, and 222 nm KrCl. The beam emittance measurements were performed using a new experimental setup composed of two movable slit arrays. The electron beam phase space areas were determined by splitting the beam in small beamlets and measuring the beamlet direction spread via small cups and slits. The highest emission was obtained at the lowest laser wavelength. With a 4 mm2 beam spot and 0.5 mJ laser energy the maximum currents from the Cu and diamond film cathode were 370 and 410 mA, respectively, and the corresponding emittances were 18 and 27 (π mm mrad). From these values the normalized beam brightness was estimated to be 4.6×109 A(π m rad)−2 for the Cu cathode and 2.3×109 A(π m rad)−2 for the diamond cathode. By increasing the laser energy and the spot beam the maximum extracted current was 16.4 A from the Cu cathode with the KrCl laser.
FPGA Realization of Two Different Fractional- Order Time-Delay Chaotic System With Predefined Synchronization Time

To solve the problem that the fractional-order system is difficult to implement on FPGA, the chaotic behavior of a single fractional-order Chen system is realized on the FPGA platform in this article by using Laplace transform and Bode-domain approximation to transform the fractional-order operator. Then the System Generator model of two different fractional-order systems is studied, and FTS/PTS (fixed/predefined time synchronization) algorithms are designed to realize the FTS/PTS of the FOTD (fractional-order time-delay) chaotic systems on FPGA. By changing the initial conditions and parameters of the FOTD chaotic systems, several groups of experiments are carried out on FPGA. The experimental results show that the FTS/PTS controllers of two different FOTD chaotic systems are feasible on FPGA.
Analysis of the accuracy of vehicle detection based on multiple linear regression

Traffic volume surveys are a key factor in determining the state of road traffic and are a necessary basis for activities such as traffic planning, road construction, traffic control and management and engineering economic analysis. Most traffic volume surveys count vehicles separately by type, so accurate identification of vehicle types is particularly important. This paper is based on traffic volume survey data from eight detection methods for different vehicle types with separate detection counts. Statistical and correlation analyses were carried out separately, culminating in a multiple linear regression model, which yielded specific relationships between the effects of the different models when performing the tests.
A critical examination of the law of approach to saturation. I. Fit procedure

The numerical influence of different terms in the law of approach to saturation is tested applying a least square procedure on a variety of sets of synthetical data (256 I(H) points) which are generated using the formula I = I8[1 − (A/H) − (B/H2) − (C/H3)] + χH + D√H. Graphical methods are compared with the fitting procedure. Practical examples applying different methods analysing the I versus H curve of hexagonal polycrystalline cobalt and barium ferrite are given.
Observations of hard X‐ray emission from solar flares

Spectral measurements of solar X rays with photon energy greater than 20 kev were carried out in 1959 during portions of three class 2+ solar flares. Two of the flares showed strong fluxes with spectra equivalent to that expected from a thermal plasma with temperature ∼108 degrees. The emission spectra obtained on September 1, 1959, were indicative of a rapidly cooling plasma with initial temperature of about 285 million degrees. It is argued that a similar plasma could have explained the observations of Peterson and Winckler in 1958 and that there currently exists no definitive observational evidence for nonthermal solar X-ray emission. Spectra in the 2- to 20-kev spectral region during solar microflare activity are suggestive of the existence of a peaking in the solar X-ray spectrum in the 8- to 15-kev region, presumably caused by Fe line and recombination continuum emissions.
Detection of Imperceptible Intervertebral Disc Fissures in Conventional MRI—An AI Strategy for Improved Diagnostics

Annular fissures in the intervertebral discs are believed to be closely related to back pain. However, no sensitive non-invasive method exists to detect annular fissures. This study aimed to propose and test a method capable of detecting the presence and position of annular fissures in conventional magnetic resonance (MR) images non-invasively. The method utilizes textural features calculated from conventional MR images combined with attention mapping and artificial intelligence (AI)-based classification models. As ground truth, reference standard computed tomography (CT) discography was used. One hundred twenty-three intervertebral discs in 43 patients were examined with MR imaging followed by discography and CT. The fissure classification model determined the presence of fissures with 100% sensitivity and 97% specificity. Moreover, the true position of the fissures was correctly determined in 90 (87%) of the analyzed discs. Additionally, the proposed method was significantly more accurate at identifying fissures than the conventional radiological high-intensity zone marker. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the proposed method is a promising diagnostic tool to detect annular fissures of importance for back pain and might aid in clinical practice and allow for new non-invasive research related to the presence and position of individual fissures.
Quebec Nurses’ Perceptions of the Integration of Sustainable Diet Promotion Into Clinical Appointments: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: A sustainable diet is a diet that is respectful of ecosystems, culturally acceptable, accessible and healthy. It is considered as a promising avenue for optimizing health and reducing the impacts of food on the environment. Several nursing associations have demonstrated a growing concern for nurses’ involvement in environmental and climate change issues, including in promoting sustainable diet. However, the literature reveals a lack of data on why and how nurses could address sustainable diet in their clinical practice. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore clinical nurses’ perceptions of their role in the promotion of sustainable diet. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted based on 6 focus groups involving 20 nurses from 7 regions of the province of Quebec, Canada. Computer-assisted thematic analysis was conducted on verbatim transcripts. Results: The discussions revealed 3 major themes. First, some dimensions of sustainable eating are already implicitly addressed and nurses were theoretically open to make further. However, it was difficult to see how nurses could translate this interest into concrete action due to a lack of time and their other clinical priorities. Lastly, in order to do this, nurses need support from health organizations as well as clear guidelines, training and tools. Discussion and conclusion: Despite experts’ recommendations, many barriers and inadequacies between experts’ recommendations and nurses’ reality prevent the implementation of concrete initiatives toward the promotion of sustainable diet among nurses. Nurses are invited to get involved and contribute to the promotion of sustainable diet with a “bottom-up” approach.
Epitaxial MnGa/(Mn,Ga,As)/MnGa trilayers: Growth and magnetic properties

Epitaxial ferromagnet/semiconductor/ferromagnet sandwiches with the nominal structure δ Mn60Ga40/GaAs/δ Mn54Ga46 have been grown on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy, with spacer layer thicknesses ranging from 2 to 19 monolayers (ML) GaAs nominally. A strong antiferromagnetic coupling field μ0Hs=−12 to −39 mT at room temperature is observed for spacer layers of 4–14 ML GaAs nominally, a weaker ferromagnetic coupling of +1 to +7 mT exists outside of this thickness region. Magnetic contamination of the spacer layer and the inclusion of antiferromagnetic Mn2As cannot be ruled out.
The Evaluation of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Predicting Progression of Acute Pancreatitis to Pancreatic Necrosis: A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Review

Acute pancreatitis is the acute inflammation of the pancreas; 30% of cases may progress to pancreatic necrosis. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) in detecting pancreatic necrosis in adults with confirmed acute pancreatitis within 14 days of symptom onset and without organ failure. A systematic search was conducted across the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science until May 30, 2022, with the following keywords: acute disease, biomarkers, C-reactive protein, calcitonin, differential, diagnosis, lactate dehydrogenase, pancreatitis, acute necrotizing, necrosis, sensitivity, specificity. Statistical analysis was conducted in RevMan 5.4. 1 (Cochrane). Five studies pooling 645 participants were included of which 59.8% were males, with a mean age of 49 years. CRP was the best cutoff at 279 mg/L (χ2 = 47.43, p < 0.001), followed by 200 mg/L (χ2 = 36.54, p < 0.001). LDH was cut off at 290 units/L (χ2 = 51.6, p < 0.001), whereas PCT did not display the most reliable results at 0.05 ng/mL. Inflammatory biomarkers are scalable diagnostic tools that may confer clinical value by decreasing the mortality of acute pancreatitis sequelae.
Relationship between mandibular asymmetry and body posture: a literature review

The aim of this study was to know issue of the relationship between mandibular asymmetry and body posture. The literatures of mandibular asymmetry and body posture published in the last 10 years (2012-2022) which were collected from the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. The data obtained was anaylized using observational, prospective, retrospective, case reports, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, showed that there is a relationship between themandibular and C2-3 with the rela-tion of the suprahyoid, hyoid bone, infrahyoid and sternocleidomastoid muscles connecting to spine. So, the changes in mandi-bular position will also change the body posture, and body posture will also affect the position of the mandibular with spinal de-formities which results in distortion of the vertebral column and asymmetrical face, shoulders, and waist. It was concluded that all studies cited in this literature review reported thatmandibular asymmetry and body posture have a reciprocal relationship.
Toward a geometric characterization of intrinsic ultracontractivity for Dirichlet Laplacians.

Because of its analytic and probabilistic consequences, intrinsic ultracontractivity has been widely studied by many authors (see e.g. [3; 4]). Sufficient conditions for IU can be found in [2; 8; 11]. The results in these papers do not give necessary and sufficient conditions. It seems to be very difficult (and perhaps impossible) to find a geometric characterization for IU without restricting to some subclasses of domains. However, there is a conjecture for a geometric characterization of IU for a certain class of simply connected domains. We will state it later in this section. The purpose of this paper is to provide some partial results related to this conjecture. Before we state the conjecture and our main results, we need to introduce some notation and present some definitions.
Balanced uncertainty wavelets for fingerprint compression

We present biorthogonal and orthonormal wavelets for embedded zerotree wavelet compression of fingerprint images. By simulated annealing over the wavelet filter coefficients, using a composite cost function dependent upon a parameter k2 which weights the relative importance of the wavelet's bandwidth and time dispersion, a series of wavelets is obtained, each of which is optimal in terms of a particular Heisenberg uncertainty `footprint', i.e. a particular trade-off between bandwidth and time dispersion. The psychovisually optimal wavelet for fingerprint image compression is determined by fingerprint experts by examination of images compressed and recovered using the series of wavelets. Psychovisually tuned wavelets were found to yield superior visual fidelity to standard wavelets and also to wavelets optimized for minimum rms error. (6 pages)
A characteristics-mixed finite element method for advection-dominated transport problems

We define a new finite element method, called the characteristics-mixed method, for approximating the solution to an advection-dominated transport problem. The method is based on a space-time variational form of the advection-diffusion equation. Our test functions are piecewise constant in space, and in time they approximately follow the characteristics of the advective (i.e., hyperbolic) part of the equation. Thus the scheme uses a characteristic approximation to handle advection in time. This is combined with a low-order mixed finite element spatial approximation of the equation. Boundary conditions are incorporated in a natural and mass conservative fashion. The scheme is completely locally conservative; in fact, on the discrete level, fluid is transported along the approximate characteristics. A postprocessing step is included in the scheme in which the approximation to the scalar unknown is improved by utilizing the approximate vector flux. This has the effect of improving the rate of convergence of .