Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of Jupiter, Mars and Venus on Earth’sorbital evolution

Summary: In the coming years, it is likely that the first potentially Earth-like planets will be discovered orbiting other stars. Once found, the characterisation of those planets will play a vital role in determining which will be chosen as the first targets for the search for life beyond the Solar System. We must thus be able to gauge the relative importance of the various factors proposed to influence potential planetary habitability, in order to best focus that search. One of the plethora of factors to be considered in that process is the climatic variability of the exo-Earths in question. In the Solar System, the Earth’s long-term climate is driven by several factors, including the modifying influence of life on our atmosphere, and the temporal evolution of solar luminosity. The gravitational influence of the other planets in the Solar System adds an extra complication, driving the Milankovitch cycles that are thought to have caused the on-going series of glacial and interglacial periods that have dominated Earth’s climate for the past few million years. Here we present preliminary results of three suites of integrations that together examine the influence of Solar System architecture on the Earth’s Milankovitch cycles. We consider separately the influence of the planets Jupiter, Mars and Venus, each of which contributes to the forcing of Earth’s orbital evolution. Our results illustrate how small changes to the architecture of a given planetary system can result in marked changes in the potential habitability of the planets therein, and are an important first step in developing a means by which the nature of climate variability on planets beyond our Solar System can be characterised.
Pulsar wind nebulae in supernova remnants

A spherically symmetric model is presented for the interaction of a pulsar wind with the associated supernova remnant. This results in a pulsar wind nebula whose evolution is coupled to the evolution of the surrounding supernova remnant. This evolution can be divided in three stages. The first stage is characterised by a supersonic expansion of the pulsar wind nebula into the freely expanding ejecta of the progenitor star. In the next stage the pulsar wind nebula is not steady; the pulsar wind nebula oscillates between contraction and expansion due to interaction with the reverse shock of the supernova remnant: reverberations which propagate forward and backward in the remnant. After the reverberations of the reverse shock have almost completely vanished and the supernova remnant has relaxed to a Sedov solution, the expansion of the pulsar wind nebula proceeds subsonically. In this paper we present results from hydrodynamical simulations of a pulsar wind nebula through all these stages in its evolution. The simulations were carried out with the Versatile Advection Code.
Development of Professional Competencies of Students in the Process of Practical Training at the University

: The article substantiates the possibilities of formation and development of professional competencies of students during their studies at the university. Special attention is paid to practical training, which provides for the participation of students in the implementation of certain elements of work related to their future professional activities. The article describes the developed author's model of the development of professional competencies of a student in the process of practical training at a university, which highlights the subject, object, subject elements and three levels of professional skills: strategic, tactical and operational. The model of professional competence development, based on the identification of specific professional skills and actions of the student at the university stage of training, provides an effective solution to the problems of practical training of students for their future professional activities as a teacher-psychologist.
Collective dynamics of accelerated atoms

We study the collective dynamics of accelerated atoms interacting with a massless field via an Unruh-deWitt-type interaction. We first derive a general Hamiltonian describing such a system and then, employing a Markovian master equation, we study the corresponding collective dynamics. In particular, we observe that the emergence of entanglement between two-level atoms is linked to the building up of coherences between them and to superradiant emission. In addition, we show that the derived Hamiltonian can be experimentally implemented by employing impurities in Bose-Einstein condensates.
The carbon-to-oxygen ratio in stars with planets

In some recent works, the C/O abundance ratio in high-metallicity stars with planets is found to vary from 0.4 to about 1.0. This has led to discussions about the existence of terrestrial planets with a carbon-dominated composition that is very different from the composition of the Earth. The C/O values were obtained by determining carbon abundances from high-excitation CI lines and oxygen abundances from the forbidden [OI] line at 6300 A. This weak line is, however, strongly affected by a nickel blend at high metallicities. Aiming for more precise C/O ratios, oxygen abundances in this paper are derived from the high-excitation OI triplet at 7774 A and carbon abundances from the CI lines at 5052 and 5380 A using MARCS model atmospheres and including non-LTE corrections. The results do not confirm the high C/O ratios previously found. C/O shows a tight, slightly increasing dependence on metallicity from C/O=0.58 at [Fe/H]=0.0 to C/O=0.70 at [Fe/H] =0.4 with an rms scatter of only 0.06. Assuming that the composition of a proto-planetary disk is the same as that of the host star, the C/O values found in this paper lend no support to the existence of carbon-rich planets. The small scatter of C/O among thin-disk stars suggests that the nucleosynthesis products of Type II supernovae and low- to intermediate-mass stars are well mixed in the interstellar medium.
Oscillating chiral currents in nanotubes: A route to nanoscale magnetic test tubes

With a view to optimizing the design of carbon-nanotube (CNT) windmills and to maximizing the internal magnetic field generated by chiral currents, we present analytical results for the group-velocity components of an electron flux through chiral carbon nanotubes. Chiral currents are shown to exhibit a rich behavior and can even change sign and oscillate as the energy of the electrons is increased. We find that the transverse velocity and associated angular momentum of electrons are a maximum for nonmetallic CNTs with a chiral angle of $18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$. Such CNTs are therefore the optimal choice for CNT windmills and also generate the largest internal magnetic field for a given longitudinal current. For a longitudinal current of order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}\text{ }\text{A}$, this field can be of order ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }\text{T}$, which is sufficient to produce interesting spintronic effects and a significant contribution to the self-inductance.
Block Polarization HARQ for Polar-Coded Modulation

In this paper, we propose a block polarization (BP) scheme as a framework to study polar-coded hybrid automatic repeat request (Polar-HARQ) under bit-interleaved polar-coded modulation (BIPCM). The BP scheme of BIPCM can combine multiple independent polar subcodes to form a longer polar code under the block polarization between polar subcodes. The BP scheme of HARQ further carries out block polarization based on the BP scheme of BIPCM, which can combine multiple transmitted BP schemes of BIPCM together to form a longer polar code. When the underlying channels are non-uniform, such as the polarization effect of high-order modulation will lead to non-uniform reliabilities, it is not suitable to use the fixed sequence (e.g., the polarization weight (PW) sequence or Polar sequence in the 5G standard) to construct polar codes. The underlying channels on each polar subcode have uniform reliability by dividing different blocks according to the reliabilities of the underlying channel. Based on this characteristic of BP scheme, we propose a rate-allocation (RA) method to study fast code construction of BP scheme. The key idea of the proposed RA method is finding out the equivalent channel whose average symmetric capacity equals the target transmission rate. The allocated rates are computed according to the symmetric capacities of split channels under the block polarization between polar subcodes. Then the ranking of bit indices within each polar subcode can be obtained by fixed sequence. In this way, the RA code construction is concise and robust for diverse configurations which are the desired features for practical implementation. Simulation results show that the proposed BP scheme under RA construction can achieve almost identical performance as the Gaussian approximation construction with much lower complexity.
Toward a Measurement of the Transverse Peculiar Velocity of Galaxy Pairs

The transverse peculiar velocities caused by the mass distribution of large-scale structure (LSS) provide a test of the theoretical matter power spectrum and the cosmological parameters that contribute to its shape. Typically, the matter density distribution of the nearby universe is measured through redshift or line-of-sight peculiar velocity surveys. However, both methods require model-dependent distance measures to place the galaxies or to differentiate peculiar velocity from the Hubble expansion. In this paper, we use the correlated proper motions of galaxy pairs from the VLBA Extragalactic Proper Motion Catalog to place limits on the transverse peculiar velocity of galaxy pairs with comoving separations <1500 Mpc without a reliance on precise distance measurements. The relative proper motions of galaxy pairs across the line of sight can be directly translated into relative peculiar velocities because no proper motion will occur in a homogeneous expansion. We place a 3σ limit on the relative proper motion of pairs with comoving separations <100 Mpc of −17.4 μas yr μas yr−1. We also confirm that large-separation objects (>200 Mpc) are consistent with pure Hubble expansion to within ∼5.3 μas yr−1 (1σ). Finally, we predict that Gaia end-of-mission proper motions will be able to significantly detect the mass distribution of LSS on length scales <25 Mpc. This future detection will allow a test of the shape of the theoretical mass power spectrum without a reliance on precise distance measurements.
The Preventive Effects of Urtica dioica Extract and Nanoparticle on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Male Rats

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major factor in human premature death and disability and they are becoming. Oxidative stress is thought to be a major factor in the development of atherosclerosis. One of the CVDs risk factors are elevated lipid profile. Significant gaps in the treatment of CVDs still exist, despite making healthy lifestyle and using lipid-lowering medications as part of primary CVDs prevention. Natural extracts are a rich source of biomolecules that can be used as reagents for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The present study estimates the antioxidant and protective activity of Urtica dioica (UD) in induced hyperlipidemia rats divided into six groups; Group 1 fed on normal diet, Group 2 fed a high-fat diet, 200 mg/dl water extract, and ethanol extract, respectively, for Groups 3 and 4, Group 5 receives 15 mg/dl AgNPs, and Group 6 receives 20 mg/dl atorvastatin all fed on a high-fat diet and then evaluates lipid profile and malonaldehyde, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione of the serum after 40 days. The results of characterization test demonstrated the successful synthesis of AgNPs, also shows that the UD extract and AgNPs have a favorable impact on lipid profile significantly reduced the level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and markedly decrease liver enzymes also can function as a good antioxidant that can be employed as a protective agent against rising lipids and oxidative stress. However, further research studies need to investigate the safety and activity of different doses of AgNPs of UD .
Lasers in Manufacturing Conference 2017 Process stability of laser induced plasma for hardness measurements

Optical plasma position measurements are performed to establish a new hardness measurement method based on laser-induced shockwaves. The process differs from conventional hardness measurements: Plasma is created with a pulsed TEA-CO2 nanosecond laser on a material surface. Further interactions between the laser beam and plasma result in a shockwave. The pressure of the shockwave can be used to push a test specimen inside a material surface. On the one hand, plasma can be formed above the test specimen, which is then directly pushed inside the material surface. On the other hand, the plasma can be created on an external target, and the shockwave then pushes the test specimen inside the material. To increase the reproducibility of the laser-induced shockwave process, the influence of target material is analysed. Aluminium alloy (EN AW 6082), hardened steel (100Cr2) and ceramic (Al2O3) are tested as target materials. The geometry of the plasma and the position of the shockwave centre above the surface are detected to gain further knowledge of the process. The experiments showed that the oxide ceramic target material shows the lowest plasma geometry and shockwave pressure deviations and accordingly, the highest reproducibility, which makes it suitable for further laser-induced hardness measurements.
The case-area targeted rapid response strategy to control cholera in Haiti: a four-year implementation study

Background In October 2010, Haiti was struck by a large-scale cholera epidemic. The Haitian government, UNICEF and other international partners launched an unprecedented nationwide alert-response strategy in July 2013. Coordinated NGOs recruited local rapid response mobile teams to conduct case-area targeted interventions (CATIs), including education sessions, household decontamination by chlorine spraying, and distribution of chlorine tablets. An innovative red-orange-green alert system was also established to monitor the epidemic at the communal scale on a weekly basis. Our study aimed to describe and evaluate the exhaustiveness, intensity and quality of the CATIs in response to cholera alerts in Haiti between July 2013 and June 2017. Methodology/principal findings We analyzed the response to 7,856 weekly cholera alerts using routine surveillance data and severity criteria, which was based on the details of 31,306 notified CATIs. The odds of CATI response during the same week (exhaustiveness) and the number of complete CATIs in responded alerts (intensity and quality) were estimated using multivariate generalized linear mixed models and several covariates. CATIs were carried out significantly more often in response to red alerts (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) [95%-confidence interval, 95%-CI], 2.52 [2.22–2.87]) compared with orange alerts. Significantly more complete CATIs were carried out in response to red alerts compared with orange alerts (adjusted incidence ratio (aIR), 1.85 [1.73–1.99]). Over the course of the eight-semester study, we observed a significant improvement in the exhaustiveness (aOR, 1.43 [1.38–1.48] per semester) as well as the intensity and quality (aIR, 1.23 [1.2–1.25] per semester) of CATI responses, independently of funds available for the strategy. The odds of launching a CATI response significantly decreased with increased rainfall (aOR, 0.99 [0.97–1] per each accumulated cm). Response interventions were significantly heterogeneous between NGOs, communes and departments. Conclusions/significance The implementation of a nationwide case-area targeted rapid response strategy to control cholera in Haiti was feasible albeit with certain obstacles. Such feedback from the field and ongoing impact studies will be very informative for actors and international donors involved in cholera control and elimination in Haiti and in other affected countries.
Transient quantum fluctuation theorems and generalized measurements

The transient quantum fluctuation theorems of Crooks and Jarzynski restrict and relate the statistics of work performed in forward and backward forcing protocols. So far, these theorems have been obtained under the assumption that the work is determined by two projective energy measurements, one at the end, and the other one at the beginning of each run of the protocol. We found that one can replace these two projective measurements only by special error-free generalized energy measurements with pairs of tailored, protocol-dependent post-measurement states that satisfy detailed balance-like relations. For other generalized measurements, the Crooks relation is typically not satisfied. For the validity of the Jarzynski equality, it is sufficient that the first energy measurements are error-free and the post-measurement states form a complete orthonormal set of elements in the Hilbert space of the considered system. Additionally, the effects of the second energy measurements must have unit trace. We illustrate our results by an example of a two-level system for different generalized measurements.
Preparation and Characterization of a Eutectic Mixture of Fenofibric Acid and Nicotinic Acid and Evaluatuion of In Vivo Antihyperlipidemic Activity

Fenofibric Acid (FA) is classified under Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II due to its poorly soluble in water and high permeability. The present study aimed to prepare the eutectic mixture of FA with nicotinic acid (NA) and characterize its solid state properties and in vitro dissolution rate, along with its in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity. Solvent drop grinding was the method chosen to prepare the eutectic mixture of FA and NA. Solid-state properties were evaluated using thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), crystallographic analysis Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), FT-IR spectroscopic analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). To examine in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity, 16 male Swiss Webster rats were injected with 1% hyperlipidemia-inducing solution, followed by the oral administration of 9.45 mg/kg FA and NA (equivalent to 9.45 mg/kg FA), after which the decrease in cholesterol levels was measured. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the data, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (95% confidence interval). The results proved that FA formed the eutectic mixture with NA at a molar ratio of 6:4. The eutectic mixture of FA-NA had a better solubility and in vitro dissolution rate compared to intact FA, which also led to notably improved antihyperlipidemic activity.
The use of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and its parameters in the intervention of obesity

Obesity is a problem that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a disease of multifactorial etiology, it is the result of a complex interaction between behavioral, cultural, genetic, physiological and psychological factors. Currently, it is a serious public health problem where there is a high percentage of treatment failure and relapses. The perception of the curative power of some plants is one of the forms of relationship between human populations and medicinal plants. Phytotherapy has shown positive effects under the prevention and treatment of several diseases, including obesity. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) contains flavonoid polyphenolic compounds. These substances found are known as catechins, highlighting epigallocatequine gallate. The objective of this research was to verify the properties presented by green tea that may contribute to the treatment of obesity. This is a qualitative bibliographic survey, using using scientific articles and books. The results obtained through in vitro and in vivo experiments point to green tea as a product that has properties capable of acting in the slimming process. The studies indicate that green tea may act mainly in increasing the production of body heat (thermogenesis), promoting greater energy expenditure. It has been observed that there is no determination of the dosage and the form of preparation of the tea that can ensure the achievement of the desired effects. We emphasize the importance of more studies for a better understanding of its bioactive effects.
Dust Polarization Maps from TIGRESS: E/B Power Asymmetry and TE Correlation

We present the first large set of all-sky synthetic dust polarization maps derived directly from a self-consistent magnetohydrodynamics simulation using the TIGRESS framework. Turbulence in this simulation is predominantly driven by supernova explosions, with rates that are self-consistently regulated by feedback loops. The simulation covers both the outer scale and inertial range of turbulence with uniformly high resolution. The shearing-box utilized in the simulation, in concert with resolved supernova-driven turbulence, enables the capturing of generation, growth, and saturation of both turbulent and mean magnetic fields. We construct polarization maps at 353 GHz, as seen by observers inside a model of the multiphase, turbulent, magnetized interstellar medium (ISM). To fully sample the simulated ISM state, we use 350 snapshots spanning over (more than six feedback loops) and nine representative observers. The synthetic skies show a prevalent E/B power asymmetry ( ) and positive TE correlation in broad agreement with observations by the Planck satellite. However, the ranges of and are generally lower than those measured by Planck. We find large fluctuations of E/B asymmetry and TE correlation depending on the observer’s position and temporal fluctuations of ISM properties due to bursts of star formation. The synthetic maps are made publicly available to provide novel models of the microwave sky.
Perspectives to find heavy neutrinos with NA62

The sensitivity of beam dump experiments to heavy neutrinos depends on the relative size of their mixings with the lepton flavours in the Standard Model. We study the impact of present neutrino oscillation data on these mixing angles in the minimal type I seesaw model. We find that current data significantly constrains the allowed heavy neutrino flavour mixing patterns. Based on this, we discuss the implications for the sensitivity of the NA62 experiment to heavy neutrinos when operated in the beam dump mode. We find that NA62 is currently the most sensitive experiment in the world for heavy neutrino masses between that of the kaon and the $D$-mesons. The sensitivity can vary by almost two orders of magnitude if the heavy neutrinos exclusively couple to the tau flavour, but depends only comparably weakly on the flavour mixing pattern within the parameter range preferred by light neutrino oscillation data.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) DEFINING BIOMARKER PERFORMANCE AND CLINICAL VALIDITY

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.