Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Who spends more to combat COVID‐19 social risks and why?

Abstract COVID‐19 has gone beyond a public health crisis and poses a serious threat to people's livelihoods. In response to the growing employment and income crisis, most OECD countries have introduced various policies and programs to alleviate rapidly rising social risks and stabilise people's livelihoods. However, these measures vary, with some governments spending only 1% of GDP in 2020, while others spent more than 10%. We conducted a multiple regression analysis to examine factors associated with the level of additional social spending in 31 OECD countries. The results indicate that lower generosity of unemployment benefits was associated with additional social policy spending. However, contrary to the hypothesis, higher additional spending was found among countries with higher levels of government debt. We ended with policy recommendations.
“It’s Not Good to Be Sick and Have the Child”: Perspectives on Pregnancy After HIV-Positive Diagnosis Among Women in Western Jamaica

Purpose To identify factors associated with reproductive decision-making for women living with HIV in Western Jamaica, to assess their confidence in anti-retroviral therapy to reduce the chances of mother to child transmission of HIV, and to better understand the experience of stigmatization surrounding becoming pregnant after HIV diagnosis. Participants and Methods Two focus groups were conducted among women living with HIV in the four parishes of Western Jamaica in 2011. A trained moderator conducted the focus groups along with two student notetakers. Qualitative coding and content analysis were used to identify common themes and exemplary quotations characterizing those themes. Results Participants agree that adherence to antiretroviral therapy as prescribed by a physician facilitates better health and longevity; however, they were conflicted on the efficacy of the therapy to prevent mother to child transmission of the virus. Participants report that becoming pregnant after HIV diagnosis continues to be highly stigmatized. Among participants, fear of MTCT and concern that their children will be mistreated are the primary drivers of reproductive decision-making. Conclusion Despite advances in HIV treatment and assisted technologies to prevent MTCT, participants show skepticism that ARV medication is effective at preventing MTCT. Stigma and discriminatory behavior by community members and health-care professionals continue to shape reproductive decision-making for the women who participated in this study. More informed counseling that includes education on recent advancements in HIV treatment and its efficacy at preventing MTCT should be more widely available to pregnant women. To reduce stigma and discriminatory behavior, this education should extend to the larger community.
Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments under Summer Conditions: Part II—Heavy Broiler’s Behavioral Response

Simple Summary Behavioral changes are one of the mechanisms for broilers to adjust their body temperature under heat stress conditions. However, the behavioral responses of heavy broilers to environmental changes have not yet been studied well. Therefore, this research investigated the behavioral changes of broilers under two dynamic air velocity treatments (high and low) under summer conditions. Video data collected from a heat stress experiment conducted on broilers aged 42–54 days were used to investigate variations in the number of chickens feeding, drinking, standing, walking, sitting, wing flapping, and leg stretching. The results indicated that the high air velocity treatments increased the number of chickens feeding, standing, and walking. In addition, age significantly affected the number of birds feeding, drinking, panting, and sitting, while the time of the day also affected the number of chickens drinking and panting. This study reveals the thermal stress of heavy broilers from their behavior under summer conditions to help manage the performance and welfare of birds under environmental stress. Abstract Broiler chickens exposed to heat stress adapt to various behavioral changes to regulate their comfortable body temperature, which is critical to ensure their performance and welfare. Hence, assessing various behavioral responses in birds when they are subjected to environmental changes can be essential for assessing their welfare under heat-stressed conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two air velocity (AV) treatments on heavy broilers’ behavioral changes from 43 to 54 days under summer conditions. Two AV treatments (high and low) were applied in six poultry growth chambers with three chambers per treatment and 44 COBB broilers per chamber from 28 to 61 days in the summer of 2019. Three video cameras placed inside each chamber (2.44 m × 2.44 m × 2.44 m in dimension) were used to record the behavior of different undisturbed birds, such as feeding, drinking, resting, standing, walking, panting, etc. The results indicate that the number of chickens feeding, drinking, standing, walking, sitting, wing flapping, and leg stretching changed under AV treatments. High AV increased the number of chickens feeding, standing, and walking. Moreover, a two-way interaction with age and the time of day can affect drinking and panting. This study provides insights into heavy broilers’ behavioral changes under heat-stressed conditions and AV treatments, which will help guide management practices to improve birds’ performance and welfare under commercial conditions in the future.
A multi‐cavity fiber‐optic device for refractive index measurement

We model a multi‐cavity optical device composed of fiber Bragg gratings. The sensitivity of the device for refractive index measurement is extracted from the change in its free‐spectral range, rendering the sensor robust to small temperature fluctuations. Remote interrogation compatibility is ensured by the all‐fiber design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:423–428, 2017
A dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) with selective harmonic compensation at medium voltage level

Dynamic voltage restorers (DVR) are now becoming more established in industry to reduce the impact of voltage sags to sensitive loads. However, DVRs spend most of their time in standby mode, since voltage sags occur very infrequently, and hence their utilization is low. In principle, it would be advantageous if the series connected inverter of a DVR could also be used to compensate for any steady state load voltage harmonics, since this would increase the power quality 'value added' benefits to the grid system. However, before this can be done, consideration must be given to the control of steady state power through the DVR, the increased losses, and the low modulation depths at which the scheme must operate to achieve acceptable harmonic compensation performance. This paper presents a selective harmonic feedback control strategy that can be easily added to medium voltage DVR systems to provide voltage harmonic compensation capabilities with minimal effect on the sag compensation performance of the basic DVR. The proposed controller has been experimentally verified on a medium voltage (10 kV) three-phase DVR prototype under a range of conditions, including distorted supply voltages, nonlinear loads, and operation during distorted voltage sags.
Detection of Quinolone Resistance Qnr Genes and its Association with Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Genes in Qnr Positive Enterobacteriaceae in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae including resistance to quinolone is dramatically increasing day by day. Widespread use of quinolones against Enterobacteriaceae has contributed to the rise of drug resistance. Resistance to quinolone is generally due to chromosomal mutations in genes coding for the target molecules of these agents, namely the DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. Recently, a multiresistance plasmid is discovered that encodes transferable resistance to quinolones; its prevalence is increasing gradually throughout the world. Plasmids have a crucial role in the dissemination of drug resistance genes like plasmid mediated quinolone resistant (PMQR) genes, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and carbapenemase genes. Objective: To detect the prevalence of quinolone resistance Qnr genes and its association with extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in Qnr positive Enterobacteriaceae. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2015 at Dhaka Medical College hospital, Bangladesh. A total of 270 Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 340 samples collecting from inpatient and outpatient departments of DMCH irrespective of age, sex and antibiotic intake. Qnr determinant screening among ciprofloxacin resistant strains were conducted using PCR amplification. Searching of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in Qnr positive Enterobacteriaceae were conducted also by using PCR. Results: The Qnr genes were detected in 141 (62.67%) of the 225 quinolone resistant isolates by using PCR. Highest proportion of QnrS (n =84, 59.57%) were detected followed by QnrB (n =70, 49.64%) and QnrA (n =33, 23.40%). In the present study, 48 ESBL producers were identified among 141 Qnr positive strains. Highest proportion of CTX-M-15 (n= 38, 69.09%) were detected followed by TEM (n= 20, 36.36%) and OXA-1 (n= 16, 29.09%). In the present study, 22 carbapenemase producers were .
Novel hosts can incur fitness costs to a frugivorous insect pest

Abstract In phytophagous insects, adult attraction and oviposition preference for a host plant are often positively correlated with their immature fitness; however, little is known how this preference–performance relationship changes within insect populations utilizing different host plants. Here, we investigated differences in the preference and performance of two populations of a native North American frugivorous insect pest, the plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar)—one that utilizes peaches and another that utilizes blueberries as hosts—in the Mid‐Atlantic United States. We collected C. nenuphar adult populations from peach and blueberry farms and found that they exhibited a clear preference for the odors of, as well as an ovipositional preference for, the hosts they were collected from, laying 67%–83% of their eggs in their respective collected hosts. To measure C. nenuphar larval performance, a fitness index was calculated using data on larval weights, development, and survival rate from egg to 4th instars when reared on the parent's collected and novel hosts. Larvae of C. nenuphar adults collected from peach had high fitness on peach but low fitness when reared on blueberry. In contrast, larvae from C. nenuphar adults collected in blueberry had high fitness regardless of the host on which they were reared. In this study, we show that utilizing a novel host such as blueberry incurs a fitness cost for C. nenuphar from peaches, but this cost was not observed for C. nenuphar from blueberries, indicating that the preference–performance relationship is present in the case of insects reared on peach, but insects reared on blueberry were more flexible and able to utilize either host, despite preferring blueberry.
Profiles of Steroid Hormones on Follicular and Luteal Phase in Saanen Etawah Crossbred (SAPERA) Does

Reproductive rate may be a major issue conducive to the potency of animal production such as milk and meat. Determining estrogen, progesterone also cortisol during the phase of estrus in goats is supervised one of the most necessary parameters used to examine reproductive status. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of estrogen, progesterone and cortisol concentrations in follicular and luteal phases. Thirteen does of Saanen Etawah crossbred (SAPERA) with body condition score of 2-3 were used. The does were fed using concentrate, forage with ad libitum water. Data collection was done without treatment during natural estrus cycle. The phase of the estrus cycle were determined using vaginal smears that were collected from each does every day over a 60 days period. Simultaneously, the blood was sampled following estrus cycle, follicular and luteal phase. The concentration of plasma estrogen, progesterone and cortisol was determined by solid phase competitive enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. All the data were subjected to the Student T-Test. The result shown the concentration of steroid hormones significantly different in the phase of estrus cycle. The estrogen and cortisol level were significantly (p<0.05) higher in follicular phase. The progesterone level was significantly higher in luteal phase. In conclusion, the concentrations of steroid reproductive hormones in SAPERA goats were related with the stage of estrus cycle.
On the Micro-Foundations of Creative Economy: Life Satisfaction and Social Identity

Incorporating the unavoidable changes manifesting in the behavior of individuals as an outcome of evolution at the level of development of the economy and society, we pinpoint a new theoretical background requiring the reconfiguring of the micro-foundations of economic theory regarding the creative economy. We thus set the theoretical micro-foundations of the creative economy where the main microeconomic incentive lies in life satisfaction attainment rather than utility maximization. At the macroeconomic level, we propose the pairing of sustainability with the creative economy. The objective is met through the vehicle of social identity derived from the responses to a questionnaire distributed in Greek society. Through principal components analysis, we locate two sets of variables shaping life satisfaction: the exogenous influences within social identity (state of health, age, and level of education) and the endogenous primary influences within social identity (lending, cultural change, and happiness). Each one of these variables is determined by other interpretative variables. Furthermore, we observe a weakness of economic policy to influence life satisfaction in advanced Western societies, resulting in a paradox of the economic toolkit. Our findings are relevant for policymaking to promote life satisfaction, especially within the creative economy context.
Fusing Spatial Attention with Spectral-Channel Attention Mechanism for Hyperspectral Image Classification via Encoder-Decoder Networks

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, feature extraction on hyperspectral data still faces numerous challenges. Existing methods cannot extract spatial and spectral-channel contextual information in a targeted manner. In this paper, we propose an encoder–decoder network that fuses spatial attention and spectral-channel attention for HSI classification from three public HSI datasets to tackle these issues. In terms of feature information fusion, a multi-source attention mechanism including spatial and spectral-channel attention is proposed to encode the spatial and spectral multi-channels contextual information. Moreover, three fusion strategies are proposed to effectively utilize spatial and spectral-channel attention. They are direct aggregation, aggregation on feature space, and Hadamard product. In terms of network development, an encoder–decoder framework is employed for hyperspectral image classification. The encoder is a hierarchical transformer pipeline that can extract long-range context information. Both shallow local features and rich global semantic information are encoded through hierarchical feature expressions. The decoder consists of suitable upsampling, skip connection, and convolution blocks, which fuse multi-scale features efficiently. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, our approach has greater performance in hyperspectral image classification.
Meta-Analysis the Efficacy of Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) in Reducing Pain in Patients of Knee Osteoarthritis

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint has the highest prevalence among all types of rheumatic diseases. The most common symptom of knee OA is pain around the joint. Patients with OA require long treatment, especially using analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Turmeric is efficacious as a pain reliever and anti-inflammatory. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of turmeric extract (Curcuma domestica) on pain in patients with knee OA compared to placebo and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), based on the results of a number of previous similar studies. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: patients with knee OA. Intervention: turmeric extract. Comparison: placebo and NSAIDs. Outcome: pain reduction. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles: “Knee Osteoarthritis” OR “Knee OA” AND “Curcuma longa” OR “Curcuma domestica” OR “Turmeric extract” AND “Placebo” OR “NSAID” AND “pain” OR “visual analogue scale” OR “ VASE". The articles included are full-text with RCT study designs from 2011 to 2021. The selection of articles is carried out using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: A total of 15 RCT studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis. Data collected from 10 studies showed that patients with knee OA who received turmeric extract experienced 1.60 units lower joint pain than placebo (SMD= -1.60; 95% CI= -2.23 to -0.97; p<0.001). Data from 5 studies showed that patients with knee OA who received turmeric extract experienced 0.06 units higher joint pain than NSAIDs. The comparison between the turmeric extract group and the NSAID group did not show any significant difference (SMD= 0.06; 95% CI= -0.10 to -0.22; p= 0.490). Conclusion: Administration of turmeric extract was more effective than placebo and not inferior to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in reducing pain in patients with knee OA.
Multiple Roles of SMC5/6 Complex during Plant Sexual Reproduction

Chromatin-based processes are essential for cellular functions. Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMCs) are evolutionarily conserved molecular machines that organize chromosomes throughout the cell cycle, mediate chromosome compaction, promote DNA repair, or control sister chromatid attachment. The SMC5/6 complex is known for its pivotal role during the maintenance of genome stability. However, a dozen recent plant studies expanded the repertoire of SMC5/6 complex functions to the entire plant sexual reproductive phase. The SMC5/6 complex is essential in meiosis, where its activity must be precisely regulated to allow for normal meiocyte development. Initially, it is attenuated by the recombinase RAD51 to allow for efficient strand invasion by the meiosis-specific recombinase DMC1. At later stages, it is essential for the normal ratio of interfering and non-interfering crossovers, detoxifying aberrant joint molecules, preventing chromosome fragmentation, and ensuring normal chromosome/sister chromatid segregation. The latter meiotic defects lead to the production of diploid male gametes in Arabidopsis SMC5/6 complex mutants, increased seed abortion, and production of triploid offspring. The SMC5/6 complex is directly involved in controlling normal embryo and endosperm cell divisions, and pioneer studies show that the SMC5/6 complex is also important for seed development and normal plant growth in cereals.
Surgical Registrars as Primary Operators Have Acceptable Outcomes for Trauma Laparotomy

Background: The literature has suggested that acceptable outcomes in elective general surgery can be achieved with registrars operating but is less clear with trauma surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective study of all laparotomies performed for adult trauma between 2012 and 2020 at a Level 1 Trauma Centre in New Zealand to identify potential differences in clinical outcomes between primary operators. The primary operator of each operation was identified, along with the presence or absence of a consultant and the clinical outcome. Results: During the 9-year study period, a total of 204 trauma laparotomies were performed at Waikato Hospital. The groups of the primary operators were: a registrar with a consultant present (27%), a registrar without a consultant present (22%), a registrar assisting a consultant (48%), and a consultant who operated without a registrar (3%). Direct comparison was made between the three groups where registrars were involved in the laparotomy. There was no significant difference in the clinical outcomes, whether a consultant was present or not. Conclusions: Surgical registrars have acceptable outcomes for trauma laparotomy in the appropriate patients. A consultant surgeon should still operate on patients with more significant physiological derangements.
The influence of regional strategic policy on municipal climate adaptation planning

ABSTRACT This study examines the extent and quality of climate adaptation integration within strategic plans of local governments in British Columbia, Canada. Strategic plans (n = 39) were assessed using plan content analysis in order to understand whether regional planning leads to adaptation action by municipalities. Framed through an institutional resilience lens, we find that regional policy guidance is critical for initiating the uptake of municipal climate adaptation; however, lack of granular adaptation policies informed by appropriate climate data constrains implementation in practice. Through collaboration and leveraging strengths of different levels of government, adaptation barriers can be addressed and the quality of adaptation policies improved.
A Hybrid Prediction Framework for Water Quality with Integrated W-ARIMA-GRU and LightGBM Methods

Water is the source of life, and in recent years, with the progress in technology, water quality data have shown explosive growth; how to use the massive amounts of data for water quality prediction services has become a new opportunity and challenge. In this paper, we use the surface water quality data of an area in Beijing collected and compiled by Zhongguancun International Medical Laboratory Certification Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). On this basis, we decompose the original water quality indicator data series into two series in terms of trend and fluctuation; for the characteristics of the decomposed series data, we use the traditional time series prediction method to model the trend term, introduce the deep learning method to interpret the fluctuation term, and fuse the final prediction results. Compared with other models, our proposed integrated Wavelet decomposition, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model, which is abbreviated as the W-ARIMA-GRU model, has better prediction accuracy, stability, and robustness for three conventional water quality indicators. At the same time, this paper uses the ensemble learning model LightGBM for the prediction of water quality evaluation level, and the accuracy and F1-score reached 97.5% and 97.8%, respectively, showing very strong performance. This paper establishes a set of effective water quality prediction frameworks that can be used for timely water quality prediction and to provide a theoretical model and scientific and reasonable analysis reference for the relevant departments for advanced control.