Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
X-ray clusters of galaxies - Correlations with optical morphology and galaxy density

The entire sample of 37 X-ray clusters of galaxies detected by the Ariel 5 satellite at high latitudes is analyzed optically. Morphological types (for all clusters) and central galaxy densities (for all clusters with measured redshifts) are determined, and the positions, redshifts, and richness groups of the set of Southern Hemisphere X-ray clusters are estimated. The X-ray luminosity is found to be correlated with both cluster morphology and central galaxy density. The observed correlations are consistent with a thermal-bremsstrahlung model in which the hot intracluster gas density is proportional to the galaxy density, and the temperature is proportional to the galaxy velocity dispersion.
A Recursive Algorithm For the Single and Product Moments of Order Statistics From the Exponential-geometric Distribution and Some Estimation Methods

The exponential-geometric distribution has been proposed as a simple and useful reliability model for analyzing lifetime data. For this distribution, some recurrence relations are established for the single moments and product moments of order statistics. Using these recurrence relations, the means, variances and covariances of all order statistics can be computed for all sample sizes in a simple and efficient recursive manner. Next, we discuss the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters as well as some simple modified methods of estimation. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of all these methods of estimation in terms of their bias and mean square error as well as the percentage of times the estimates converged. Two illustrative examples are finally presented to illustrate all the inferential results developed here.
The genomic landscape of swine influenza A viruses in Southeast Asia

Swine are a primary source for the emergence of pandemic influenza A viruses. The intensification of swine production, along with global trade, has amplified the transmission and zoonotic risk of swine influenza virus (swIAV). Effective surveillance is essential to uncover emerging virus strains, however gaps remain in our understanding of the swIAV genomic landscape in Southeast Asia. By collecting more than 4,000 nasal swabs and 4,000 sera from pigs in Cambodia, we unmasked the co-circulation of multiple lineages of genetically diverse swIAV of pandemic concern. Genomic analyses revealed a novel European avian-like H1N2 swine reassortant variant with North American triple reassortant internal genes, that emerged approximately seven years before its first detection in pigs in 2021. Using phylogeographic reconstruction, we identified south central China as the dominant source of swine viruses disseminated to other regions in China and Southeast Asia. We also identified nine distinct swIAV lineages in Cambodia, which diverged from their closest ancestors between two to 15 years ago, indicating significant undetected diversity in the region, including reverse zoonoses of human H1N1/2009 pandemic and H3N2 viruses. A similar period of cryptic circulation of swIAVs occurred in the decades before the H1N1/2009 pandemic. The hidden diversity of swIAV observed here further emphasizes the complex underlying evolutionary processes present in this region, reinforcing the importance of genomic surveillance at the human-swine interface for early warning of disease emergence to avoid future pandemics.
Effects of geometries on permeability spectra of CoTaZr magnetic cores for high frequency applications

The permeability of the magnetic core is closely related to the inductance improvement for integrated inductors. Simulation data indicate that the effective permeability of the finite-sized magnetic core can be significantly reduced from the relative permeability of the magnetic material due to the demagnetization effect. The observed trend in the permeability of the patterned CoTaZr magnetic cores, however, shows that the demagnetization effect alone is not sufficient to predict the effective permeability and that the magnetic domain patterns need to be considered as well. The measured permeability was found to decrease as the patterned magnetic core was narrowed or shortened.
N doping using N2O and NO sources: From the viewpoint of ZnO

A study of N doping using N2O and NO sources on ZnO, which may prove important for the N doping of oxide materials, was performed by investigating the doping processes of N atoms by each source together with the various properties for the grown N doped ZnO films. N2O was employed as the radio-frequency (rf) plasma source to produce radical N2* species that could effectively incorporate N atoms above 1020 cm−3 into ZnO, which was similar to N doping using N2 as the source. In contrast, it was found that the ZnO films doped with a N concentration above 1020 cm−3 were easily obtained using a gas flow of NO. The N concentration could be controlled systematically by the simultaneous gas flow of NO and O2 sources. The basis of N doping using a NO source could be related to the free radical characteristic of NO molecular. This idea was proposed from the results that the N concentrations doped to ZnO using a gas flow of N2O and N2, which have the characteristics of neutral and nonreactive molecules in air, were i.
Pseudo-Diffusions and Quadratic Term Structure Models

The non-gaussianity of processes observed in financial markets and relatively good performance of gaussian models can be reconciled by replacing the Brownian motion with Levy processes whose Levy densities decay as exp(-lambda|x|) or faster, where lambda>0 is large. This leads to asymptotic pricing models. The leading term, P0, is the price in the Gaussian model with the same instantaneous drift and variance. The first correction term depends on the instantaneous moments of order up to three, that is, the skewness is taken into account, the next term depends on moments of order four (kurtosis) as well, etc. In empirical studies, the asymptotic formula can be applied without explicit specification of the underlying process: it suffices to assume that the instantaneous moments of order greater than two are small w.r. t. moments of order one and two, and use empirical data on moments of order up to three or four. As an application, the bond pricing problem in the non-Gaussian quadratic term structure model is solved. For pricing of options near expiry, a different set of asymptotic formulas is developed; they require more detailed specification of the process, especially of its jump part. The leading terms of these formulas depends on the jump part of the process only, so that they can be used in empirical studies to identify the jump characteristics of the process.
Differential emission measure analysis of active region cores and quiet Sun for the non-Maxwellian κ-distributions

Context. The non-Maxwellian κ-distributions have been detected in the solar wind and can explain intensities of some transition region lines. Presence of such distributions in the outer layers of the solar atmosphere influences the ionization and excitation equilibrium and widens the line contribution functions. This behavior may be reflected on the reconstructed differential emission measure (DEM). Aims. We aim to investigate the influence of κ-distributions on the reconstructed DEMs. Methods. We perform DEM reconstruction for three active region cores and a quiet Sun region using the Withbroe-Sylwester method and the regularization method. Results. We find that the reconstructed DEMs depend on the value of κ. The DEMs of the active region cores show similar behavior with decreasing κ, or an increasing departure from the Maxwellian distribution. For lower κ, the peaks of the DEMs are typically shifted to higher temperatures and the DEMs themselves become more concave. This is caused by the less steep high-temperature slopes for lower κ. However, the low-temperature slopes do not change significantly even for extremely low κ. The behavior of the quiet-Sun DEM distribution is different. It becomes progressively less multithermal for lower κ with the EM-loci plots that indicate near-isothermal plasma for κ = 2. Conclusions. The κ-distributions can influence the reconstructed DEMs. The slopes of the DEM, however, do not change with κ significantly enough to produce different constraints on the heating mechanism in terms of frequency of coronal heating events.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)-expressing cells mark a novel stem cell population in the adult mouse brain

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is expressed by quiescent adult stem cells (ASC) in numerous adult murine and human tissues, but has never been explored in the adult brain. Here, we demonstrate that TERT+ cells in the adult mouse brain represent a novel population of multipotent ASCs that are localized to numerous classical neuro/gliogenic niches (including the ventricular-subventricular zone, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb), as well as more recently described regions of adult brain plasticity such as the meninges and choroid plexus. Using a direct-reporter mouse line, we found that TERT+ cells expressed known neural stem cell markers such as Nestin and Sox2, but not markers of committed stem/progenitor cells, nor markers of mature neuronal or glial cells. TERT+ ASCs rarely expressed the proliferation marker Ki67, and in vitro TERT+ cells lost TERT expression when activated by growth factors, together indicating a quiescent phenotype similar to what has been observed in other tissues. When cultured, TERT+ cells behaved like neural stem cells by forming neurospheres, which could proliferate and become more metabolically active once stimulated by growth factors. TERT+ cells were observed in numerous brain niches, particularly near the ventricles and cerebrospinal fluid barriers, but notably, TERT+ cells were never observed in the hippocampus. Lineage tracing of TERT+ cells in adult transgenic mice (mTERTrtTA::oTET-Cre::RosamTmG) revealed large-scale expansion of TERT+ progeny and differentiation to diverse cell types in multiple brain regions. For example, lineage-traced cells expressed markers of mature neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, and choroid epithelial cells, thus demonstrating the striking multipotency of this stem cell population in basal tissue turnover of the adult brain. Together, these data demonstrate that TERT+ cells represent a novel population of multipotent stem cells that contribute to basal plasticity and regeneration in the adult mouse brain. Graphical Abstract
Nanometer-scale lithography using the atomic force microscope

We demonstrate a new use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) for nanometer‐scale lithography on ultrathin films of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). The PMMA films were chemically modified as both positive and negative resists due to energy transfer from a highly localized electron source provided by metallized AFM tips. We were able to fabricate a line pattern with 68 nm line periodicity with about 35 nm line widths.
The Wavelet Transform in the Solution to the Inverse Fractal Problem

The inverse fractal problem for self-affine functions in R2 is solved by means of testing the invariance of the wavelet transform of the function. The wavelet maxima bifurcation representation used is derived from the continuous wavelet decomposition and possesses translational and scale invariance necessary to reveal the invariance of the self-affine fractal. Algorithms are presented which give satisfactory results for the self-affine fractal and which potentially can be applied to a variety of fractal types in order to solve the related inverse fractal problem.
Explicit integration for three‐dimensional degenerated shell finite elements

Explicit integration across the thickness for three-dimensional degenerated shell finite elements is analysed. For this purpose a modifed formulation is proposed. The Jacobian matrix of the physical–parameter spaces transformation is decomposed into a product of ‘in-middle-surface’ and ‘out-of-middle-surface’ terms. This enables an expansion to be carried out of the strain–displacement matrix into power series of the thickness variable. Explicit integration is then performed and the corresponding formulae of the stiffness and mass matrices are given. The possibility of ‘locking’ for thin structures is explained. The analysis is applied to homogeneous and multilayered structures. Numerical applications for linear problems are given in the last part of the paper.
Vitamine und Spurenelemente in der Onkologie

Zusammenfassung Vitamine und Spurenelemente werden häufig von Patienten eingenommen, um Tumorerkrankungen vorzubeugen oder deren Fortschreiten zu verhindern. Dies geschieht oft auch ohne Wissen des behandelnden Arztes. Der vorliegende Artikel beleuchtet die aktuelle Evidenzlage zu den meist untersuchten Mikronährstoffen und leitet hieraus konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen ab.
Analysis of photon scanning tunneling microscope images

Photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) images are made by scanning an optically conducting probe tip in an evanescent field above a sample surface. These images contain a mixture of topographical information, scattering effects, and variations in optical properties across the sample. Proper interpretation of PSTM images is therefore dependent upon knowledge of the field‐surface interactions giving rise to these features. The subject of this work is the calculation of PSTM image features arising from the topography of the sample surface. Image features of a model sinusoidal grating structure are calculated using small perturbation theory. Image amplitudes are shown to depend on the sample orientation and the shape and position of the probe tip. The calculated results are compared with actual PSTM images of a holographically produced sinusoidal grating surface.
Invasive Beatmungstherapie im Sterbeprozess beenden – Schritt für Schritt

Zusammenfassung Eine invasive mechanische Beatmung kann beendet werden durch sofortige (palliative) Extubation oder durch schrittweise Reduktion der Beatmung mit Belassen des Beatmungszugangs (terminales Weaning). Beide Verfahren sind ethisch gleichwertig und im Alltag durchführbar, sodass individuelle Patientenfaktoren und die Erfahrung des Behandlungsteams ausschlaggebend sind. Im Vordergrund steht immer das Ziel: Patient und Angehörige sollen nicht leiden.
Astrophysical supplements to the ASCC‐2.5. I. Radial velocity data

We present a catalogue of radial velocities of Galactic stars with high precision astrometric data CRVAD which is the result of the cross-identification of star lists from the General Catalog of Average Radial Velocities (GCRV) and from the homogeneous All-sky Compiled Catalogue of 2.5 Million Stars (ASCC-2.5). The CRVAD includes accurate J2000 equatorial coordinates, proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes in the Hipparcos system, Johnson's BV photometric data, spectral types, multiplicity and variability flags from the ASCC-2.5, and radial velocities, stellar magnitudes and spectral types from the GCRV for 34553 ASCC-2.5 stars. The CRVAD was used for the construction of a sample of standard stars with accurate astrometric, photometric and radial velocity data for the RAVE project. A second application of the CRVAD , the radial velocity determination for 292 open clusters (including 97 with previously unknown radial velocities), using their newly defined members from proper motions and photometry in the ASCC-2.5, is briefly described.
Langevin equations coupled through correlated noises

We consider the dynamics of non-interacting Brownian particles which are driven by correlated (non-independent) noise sources. In simple confining potentials the particles tend to aggregate as the noise correlation is increased. If two particles are subject to the same noise they will coalesce and remain together ever after. We show that complete aggregation of the particles can be expected even in the case of a disordered potential which does not confine the individual particle trajectories. Finally, we examine the case of correlation in the noises which depends on the separation of the two particles.
Mechanical Fault Detection Based on the Wavelet De-Noising Technique

For gears and roller bearings, periodic impulses indicate that there are faults in the components. However, it is difficult to detect the impulses at the early stage of fault because they are rather weak and often immersed in heavy noise. Existing wavelet threshold de-noising methods do not work well because they use orthogonal wavelets, which do not match the impulse very well and do not utilize prior information on the impulse. A new method for wavelet threshold de-noising is proposed in this paper; it not only employs the Morlet wavelet as the basic wavelet for matching the impulse, but also uses the maximum likelihood estimation for thresholding by utilizing prior information on the probability density of the impulse. This method has performed excellently when used to de-noise mechanical vibration signals with a low signal-to-noise ratio.
The theory of fractal antenna arrays

Foundations of measure theory, the Hausdorff-Besicovitch measure, fractal nowhere differentiable Boltzano, Weierstrass, Cantor, Riemann, Darboux, Van-der-Waerden, Koch, Sierpinski, Besicovitch, and Weierstrass-Mandelbrot functions, and also some atomic functions possessing fractal properties are considered. For the first time, the atomic-fractal functions are constructed. The theory proposed and justified is illustrated on problems of synthesis of radiating structures by means of modeling the corresponding physical processes.
Deformations of finite conformal energy: existence and removability of singularities

This paper features a class of mappings h=(h1,…,hm):𝕏→onto𝕐 between bounded domains 𝕏, 𝕐 ⊂ ℝn, having finite n‐harmonic energy, such that we have E[h]=∫X‖ Dh(x) ‖ndx, ‖ Dh ‖2=Tr(D*h Dh). The fundamental question is whether or not the domains 𝕏, 𝕐 ⊂ ℝn of the same topological type admit a homeomorphism h:X→ontoY in a given homotopy class having finite energy. The examples of non‐existence, somewhat testing our theory, arise when we remove from bounded smooth domains 𝕏 and 𝕐 thin subsets X⊂X and Υ⊂Y , referred to as cracks or fractures. We are looking for homeomorphisms h:X\X→ontoY\ϒ of finite energy for which ϒ is the cluster set of h over X . In general, infinite energy is required in order to increase the dimension of a crack X⊂X that is, when X
Omega-3-Fettsäuren schützen doch nicht vor Krebs und Herzinfarkt

Omega-3-Fettsäuren aus Fischöl sollen in der primären Prävention vor Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall schützen: Das zeigte sich im Tiermodell, in kleinen kontrollierten Studien und epidemiologischen Beobachtungsstudien. Umfangreiche Untersuchungen in der (unselektierten) Allgemeinbevölkerung sind jedoch rar. Zur Frage, ob die Einnahme von Omega-3-Fettsäuren vor Krebs schützt, wurden inkonsistente Daten publiziert.
A new characteristic approach for incompressible thermo‐flow in Cartesian and non‐Cartesian grids

A virtual‐characteristic approach is developed for thermo‐flow with finite‐volume methodology in which a multidimensional characteristic (MC) scheme is applied along with artificial compressibility. To obtain compatibility equations and pseudo‐characteristics, energy equation is taken into account in the MC scheme. With this inherent upwinding of convective fluxes, no artificial viscosity is required even at high Reynolds numbers. Another remarkable advantage of the MC scheme lies in its faster convergence rate with respect to the averaging scheme that is found to exhibit substantial delays in convergence. As benchmarks, forced and mixed convections in a cavity and in flow over cylinder and between parallel plates are examined for a wide range of Reynolds, Grashof, and Prandtl numbers. The MC and averaging schemes are applied for simulation purposes. Results show the better performance of the MC scheme in forced and mixed convections. Results confirm the robustness of the MC scheme in terms of accuracy and convergence. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variance Estimation and Inference for Stratified Sample Designs with Nontrivial Sample Fractions and Nonresponse

In establishment surveys, sample designs often include stratification by the size of the establishment, with large establishments included in strata that have nontrivial sample fractions. For these designs, development and evaluation of appropriate variance estimators generally involve trade-offs among several factors, including the following. (1) The intended use of the variance estimator, e.g., for formal inference or for construction of weights in a weighted-leastsquares procedure. (2) The extent, if any, to which one must account for nonresponse effects. (3) The relative magnitudes of the effects of standard variance approximation methods, e.g., stratum collapse. (4) Simplicity and ease of implementation within a given agency production environment. This paper explores issues (1)-(4), with principal emphasis on diagnostics to identify acute problems with variance estimator bias or instability. The paper also adapts sparseeffect models from the experimental design literature to evaluate some properties of the proposed diagnostics.
Theoretical Eye Model with Aspherics

A model for the human eye is proposed, similar to Gullstrand’s well-known 4-radius model, however with the front surface of the cornea and the back surface of the crystalline lens taken to be rotationally symmetric aspherics. Whereas for the cornea a polynomial is used based on experimental data of Bonnet, a second-order parabola was tentatively adopted for the back surface of the lens. This model results in slight spherical undercorrection, in agreement with experimental findings. On the other hand, the sine condition is not well satisfied, probably due to neglect of the shell structure of the lens. By ray tracing, astigmatism and coma as well as the meridional and sagittal focal lengths were computed up to a visual angle of 90°. Calculations were also made for the same model preceded by a plano-concave contact lens (Goldmann 3-mirror contact glass), showing that this combination results in considerably reduced astigmatism.
124 J/ 131 J-Theranostik des Natrium-Jodid-Symporters beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom 124 I/ 131 I-Theranostics of Sodium-Iodine-Symporter in Thyroid Cancer Autoren

One of the most promising concepts of nuclear medicine is theranostic that combines diagnostic and therapy with respect to specific targets. Using this approach, cancer thera-pies can be optimized and individualized. Theranostic concepts have been applied in nuclear medicine already for more than 60 years as part of clinical routine using 131 I/ 123 I for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in thyroid disorders and thyroid cancer. This review provides a short overview over the application of two isotopes of radioiodine ( 131 I and 124 I) for targeting the sodium-iodine-symporter in thyroid cancer but also in other, non-thyroid carcinomas. In addition, the role of 124 I dosimetry is discussed in detail. Furthermore, we show in a patient case, how sodium-iodinesymporter expression may be manipulated by using targeted drugs in radioiodine refractory advanced thyroid cancer.
Modeling and measurements of the radiative characteristics of high-power /spl alpha/-DFB lasers

A new above-threshold model of /spl alpha/-DFB lasers is presented. It is based on a generalized beam-propagation method and takes into account spatial hole burning and self-heating effects. Up to moderate output powers, a good agreement between simulated and measured radiative characteristics is obtained. The theoretical model was used to design an optimized laser structure with a 4-mm-long cavity, which yielded a maximum output power of 3 W with a times-diffraction-limit factor of M/sup 2//spl ap/3.