Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
The Trilogy of the Chinese Apple Futures Market: Price Discovery, Risk-Hedging and Cointegration

The agricultural futures market plays an extremely important role in price discovery, hedging risks, integrating agricultural markets and promoting agricultural economic growth. China is the largest apple producer and consumer in the world. In 2017, Chinese apple futures were listed on the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (CZCE) as the first fruit futures contract globally. This paper aims to study the efficiency of the apple futures market by using the Wild Bootstrapping Variance Ratio model to estimate the price discovery function, the ARIMA-GARCH model to estimate the risk-hedging function, and the ARDL-ECM model to estimate the cointegration relationship of the futures and spot market. Experimental results firstly demonstrate that the apple futures market conforms to the weak-form efficiency, which indicates that it is efficient in price discovery. Secondly, the apple futures market is not of semi-strong efficiency because it generated abnormal profit margins amid China–US trade friction, climate disaster, and COVID-19; in terms of the degree of impact, the COVID-19 pandemic had the greatest impact, followed by the rainstorm disaster and trade friction. Thirdly, the results of this study indicate that the cointegration relationships exist between the futures market and the spot markets of the main producing areas. This paper is not only conducive to sustainable development of the global fresh or fruit futures market, but also has potential and practical importance for China in developing the agricultural futures market, strengthening market risk management and promoting market circulation.
Viscoelasticity and friction of solid foods measurement by simulating meal-assisting robot

ABSTRACT The operation object of the meal-assisting robot is a non-rigid food individual with complex and differentiated physical characteristics, and the contact force between the spoon and the food is very complicated, which brings difficulties to the fetching of the food and has a large impact on the fetching rate and force of the foods. In this paper, the finite element simulation of the display algorithm is used to reproduce the scenario of the meal-assisting robot fetching food and verify the measurement method of viscoelasticity and friction coefficient of solid foods. A standard linear solid model in Maxwell form is characterized using moment relaxation and the model parameters are estimated. The tangential and normal forces obtained by the induced slippage method are used to estimate the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the food and the spoon. Simulation results show that the viscoelastic properties of solid foods can be characterized by moment relaxation, the parameters of the model can be estimated, and the friction coefficient can be measured by the induced slippage method. Finally, the effects of food traits and predetermined angular displacement on food fetching rates were verified by fetching a mixture of block and diced foods, and comparing the effects of different velocities on the moments and forces of action.
Design and Implementation of a Prosthesis System Controlled by Electromyographic Signals Means, Characterized with Artificial Neural Networks

Around the world many people loss a body member for many reasons, where advances of technology may be useful to help these people to improve the quality of their lives. Then, designing a technologically advanced prosthesis with natural movements is worthy for scientific, commercial, and social reasons. Thus, research of manufacturing, designing, and signal processing may lead up to a low-cost affordable prosthesis. This manuscript presents a low-cost design proposal for an electromyographic electronic system, which is characterized by a neural network based process. Moreover, a hand-type prosthesis is presented and controlled by using the processed electromyographic signals for a required particular use. For this purpose, the user performs several movements by using the healthy-hand to get some electromyographic signals. After that, the obtained signals are processed in a neural network based controller. Once an usable behavior is obtained, an exact replica of controlled motions are adapted for the other hand by using the designed prosthesis. The characterization process of bioelectrical signals was performed by training twenty characteristics obtained from the original raw signal in contrast with other papers in which seven characteristics have been tested on average. The proposed model reached a 95.2% computer test accuracy and 93% accuracy in a real environment experiment. The platform was tested via online and offline, where the best response was obtained in the online execution time.
EDTA Combined with C-Pilot Files and Microultrasound for Root Canal Calcification: Dredging Effect and Safety Analysis

Objective This paper discussed the dredging effect and safety of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined with C-pilot files and microultrasound (mUS) on root canal calcification. Methods From October 2021 to January 2022, 132 patients with calcified root canals treated in our hospital were selected as the research subjects. Among them, 64 cases who received EDTA combined with C-pilot Files and mUS plus ultrasonic instruments to dredge calcified root canals were regarded as the research group (RG), and another 68 cases given ultrasonic instruments plus C-pilot files were regarded as the control group (CG). The root canal dredging time was recorded, and the dredging success rate and total success rate of different tooth positions and calcification sites were compared between groups. The clinical efficacy was assessed 6 months after treatment. Pain severity was evaluated by the Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale (PI-NRS) before (T0), during (T1), and after treatment (T2). Finally, the incidence of adverse reactions within one week after treatment was counted. Results RG was observed with statistically higher success rates of root canal dredging in different tooth positions and calcified sites than CG (P < 0.05). Besides, the total effective rate of treatment was 92.19% in RG, which was also higher compared with CG, while the root canal dredging time in RG was shorter than that in CG (P < 0.05). Increased NRS scores were found in both groups at T1, and the score in RG was significantly lower compared with that in CG. At T2, both groups showed a lower PI-NRS score than T1 but higher than T0, and the score at T2 was also lower in RG as compared to CG (P < 0.05). Moreover, the reduced incidence of adverse reactions were observed in RG compared with CG (P < 0.05). Conclusions EDTA combined with C-pilot files and mUS can effectively improve the dredging success rate of root canals obstructed by calcification, shorten the dredging time, and improve patient comfort, which is an effective method for clinical dredging of calcification obstructed root canals.
Slow and Fast Transitions in the Rising Phase of Outbursts from NS-LMXB transients, AqlX-1 and 4U1608-52

We analyzed the initial rising behaviors of X-ray outbursts from two transient low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) containing a neutron-star (NS), Aql X-1 and 4U 1608-52, which are continuously being monitored by MAXI/GSC in 2--20 keV, RXTE/ASM in 2--10 keV, and Swift/BAT in 15--50 keV. We found that the observed ten outbursts are classified into two types by the patterns of the relative intensity evolutions in the two energy bands below/above 15 keV. One type behaves as the 15--50 keV intensity achieves the maximum during the initial hard-state period and drops greatly at the hard-to-soft state transition. On the other hand, the other type does as both the 2--15 keV and the 15--50 keV intensities achieve the maximums after the transition. The former have the longer initial hard-state ($\gtrsim$ 9 d) than the latter's ($\ltsim$5 d). Therefore, we named them as slow-type (S-type) and fast-type (F-type), respectively. These two types also show the differences in the luminosity at the hard-to-soft state transition as well as in the average luminosity before the outburst started, where the S-type are higher than the F-type in the both. These results suggest that the X-ray radiation during the pre-outburst period, which heats up the accretion disk and delays the disk transition (i.e., from a geometrically thick disk to a thin one), would determine whether the following outburst becomes S-type or F-type. The luminosity when the hard-to-soft state transition occurs is higher than $\sim 8 \times10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in the S-type, which corresponds to 4% of the Eddington luminosity for a 1.4 \Mo NS.
Geometric properties of acoustic waves generated by a point source in the solar-like interior: effects of acoustic cutoff frequency

Acoustic waves generated by a point source in stratified plasma are considered in this paper. An analytical parametric solution for a monochromatic source is derived for the plane-parallel polytrope model of the solar interior. The solution is used to gain insight into the properties of the generated wavefront as a function of excitation frequency and depth. A slowly varying pressure perturbation moving in upper layers of solar photosphere with supersonic speed is also considered. It is shown to excite acoustic waves putting certain restrictions upon their geometry of the generated wavefront. The results are discussed in relation to flare-generated sunquakes. © 2013 The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Fringe localization requirements for three-dimensional flow visualization of shock waves in diffuse-illumination double-pulse holographic interferometry

A theory of fringe localization in rapid-double-exposure, diffuse-illumination holographic interferometry was developed. The theory was then applied to compare holographic measurements with laser anemometer measurements of shock locations in a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor. The computed fringe localization error was found to agree well with the measured localization error. It is shown how the view orientation and the curvature and positional variation of the strength of a shock wave are used to determine the localization error and to minimize it. In particular, it is suggested that the view direction not deviate from tangency at the shock surface by more than 30 degrees.
General relativistic neutron stars with twisted magnetosphere

Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters and Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars are extreme manifestations of the most magnetized neutron stars: magnetars. The phenomenology of their emission and spectral properties strongly support the idea that the magnetospheres of these astrophysical objects are tightly twisted in the vicinity of the star. Previous stu dies on equilibrium configurations have so far focused on either the internal or the external magnetic field configuration, without considering a real coupling between the two fields. Here we in vestigate numerical equilibrium models of magnetized neutron stars endowed with a confined tw isted magnetosphere, solving the general relativistic Grad-Shafranov equation both in t he interior and in the exterior of the compact object. A comprehensive study of the parameters space is provided, to investigate the effects of different current distributions on the overall magnetic field st ructure.
An Empirical Analysis of Supply Chain Competitiveness and Cleaner Production

The increasing world population has placed tremendous pressure on global production systems, which has created a disjoint between the production and sustainability related goals of this sector. Several studies have confirmed this notion via Environmental Kuznets Curve, but this study envisages proposing a possible solution. It is hypothesized that competitive supply chain ecosystems (cluster development & production process sophistication) could help in reducing growth based CO2 emissions globally. An assessment of 135 countries between 2008 and 2018 is conducted. The estimates showed that the supply chain competitiveness has the potential in greenification of our production systems. Here indicators like value chain breadth and cluster development can reduce the CO2 emissions at each production level. Further regions from the geographic map, like North America and Asia Pacific, can adopt a green supply chain from other regions.
DBI Lifshitz Inflation

A new model of DBI inflation is introduced where the mobile brane, the inflaton field, is moving relativistically inside a Lifshitz throat with an arbitrary anisotropic scaling exponent $z$. After dimensional reduction to four dimension the general covariance is broken explicitly both in the matter and the gravitational sectors. The general action for the metric and matter field perturbations are obtained and it is shown to be similar to the classifications made in the effective field theory of inflation literature.
Gelatin-hydroxyapatite Fibrous Nanocomposite for Regenerative Dentistry and bone Tissue Engineering

This study aimed to prepare and physicochemically evaluate as well as assess the cytotoxicity and stimulation of early osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells of gelatin-hydroxyapatite (Gel-HA) fibrous nanocomposite scaffold. Recently, the electrospinning approach in nanotechnology has been considered due to its application in the preparation of biomimetic nanofibers for tissue engineering. The main objective of this study was to evaluate Gel-HA fibrous nanocomposite for regenerative dentistry and bone tissue engineering material. The nano-scaffold was prepared via the electrospinning method. Then, the physicochemical properties (particle size, surface charge, morphology, hydrophilicity, specific surface area, crystalline state and the characterization of functional groups) and the proliferative effects of nano-scaffolds on dental pulp stem cells were assessed. The alkaline phosphatase activity was assessed for evaluation of early osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. The prepared nano-scaffolds had a negative surface charge (-30 mv±1.3), mono-dispersed nano-scale diameter (98 nm±1.2), crystalline state and fibrous uniform morphology without any bead (structural defects). The nanofibrous scaffold showed increased hydrophobicity compared to gelatin nanofibers. Based on Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, the specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter of Gel-HA nanofibers decreased compared to gelatin nanofibers. The Gel-HA nano-fibers showed the proliferative effect and increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of cells significantly (P<0.05). The prepared Gel-HA nanofibers can be considered potential candidates for application in bone tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry. Gel-HA nanofibers could be a potential material for bone regeneration and regenerative dentistry in the near future.
Foliated Cobordism and Motion

The mathematical notion of foliated cobordism is presented, and its relationship to both the motion of extended particles and wave motion is detailed. The fact that wave motion, when represented in such a manner on a four-dimensional spacetime, leads to a reduction of the bundle of linear frames to an SO(2)-principle bundle is demonstrated. Invariants of foliated cobordism are discussed as they relate to the aforementioned cases of motion.
Red, Gold and Green: Microbial Contribution of Rhodophyta and Other Algae to Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Gut Microbiome

The fitness of the endangered green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) may be strongly affected by its gut microbiome, as microbes play important roles in host nutrition and health. This study aimed at establishing environmental microbial baselines that can be used to assess turtle health under altered future conditions. We characterized the microbiome associated with the gastrointestinal tract of green turtles from Guinea Bissau in different life stages and associated with their food items, using 16S rRNA metabarcoding. We found that the most abundant (% relative abundance) bacterial phyla across the gastrointestinal sections were Proteobacteria (68.1 ± 13.9% “amplicon sequence variants”, ASVs), Bacteroidetes (15.1 ± 10.1%) and Firmicutes (14.7 ± 21.7%). Additionally, we found the presence of two red algae bacterial indicator ASVs (the Alphaproteobacteria Brucella pinnipedialis with 75 ± 0% and a Gammaproteobacteria identified as methanotrophic endosymbiont of Bathymodiolus, with <1%) in cloacal compartments, along with six bacterial ASVs shared only between cloacal and local environmental red algae samples. We corroborate previous results demonstrating that green turtles fed on red algae (but, to a lower extent, also seagrass and brown algae), thus, acquiring microbial components that potentially aid them digest these food items. This study is a foundation for better understanding the microbial composition of sea turtle digestive tracts.
Scaling laws in disk galaxies

A brief overview of several recent disk galaxy scaling relations is presented, along with some historical background. In particular, after introducing the (basic) radial light profiles of disk galaxies, I explain several important `structural' scaling relations and review the latest bulge-(black hole mass) diagrams. I go on to present the typical bulge-to-disk flux ratios of disk galaxies and suggest the use of a grid of bulge-to-disk flux ratio versus disk Hubble type - based on the nature of the spiral arms - to complement the Hubble-Jeans sequence. I then briefly mention pure disk galaxies before cautioning on difficulties with identifying pseudo-bulges built from secular evolution. Finally, I conclude by discussing a likely connection between modern day bulges in disk galaxies and high-redshift (z ~ 2+/-0.5) compact galaxies which may have since acquired a disk via cold flows and quiescent accretion.
Correlations between X-ray properties and Black Hole Mass in AGN: towards a new method to estimate black hole mass from short exposure X-ray observations

Several investigations of the X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) using the normalised excess variance (${\sigma^2_{\rm NXS}}$) parameter have shown that variability has a strong anti-correlation with black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and X-ray luminosity ($L_{\rm X}$). In this study we confirm these previous correlations and find no evidence of a redshift evolution. Using observations from XMM-Newton, we determine the ${\sigma^2_{\rm NXS}}$ and $L_{\rm X}$ for a sample of 1091 AGN drawn from the XMM-Newton Cluster Survey (XCS) - making this the largest study of X-ray spectral properties of AGNs. We created light-curves in three time-scales; 10 ks, 20 ks and 40 ks and used these to derive scaling relations between ${\sigma^2_{\rm NXS}}$, $L_{\rm X}$ (2.0-10 keV range) and literature estimates of $M_{\rm BH}$ from reverberation mapping. We confirm the anti-correlation between $M_{\rm BH}$ and ${\sigma^2_{\rm NXS}}$ and find a positive correlation between $M_{\rm BH}$ and $L_{\rm X}$. The use of ${\sigma^2_{\rm NXS}}$ is practical only for pointed observations where the observation time is tens of kiloseconds. For much shorter observations one cannot accurately quantify variability to estimate $M_{\rm BH}$. Here we describe a method to derive $L_{\rm X}$ from short duration observations and used these results as an estimate for $M_{\rm BH}$. We find that it is possible to estimate $L_{\rm X}$ from observations of just a few hundred seconds and that when correlated with $M_{\rm BH}$, the relation is statistically similar to the relation of $M_{\rm BH}$-$L_{\rm X}$ derived from a spectroscopic analysis of full XMM observations. This method may be particularly useful to the eROSITA mission, an all-sky survey, which will detect $>$10$^{6}$ AGN.
Implementation of a Microgrid Using Conventional Strategies Despite the Feeder's Unsymmetrical Characteristics

Real-time modelling of the IEEE 13-node test feeder is accomplished with the help of a microgrid implementation. As a consequence, a quantified real-time platform is produced. The IEEE standard provides the basis for this paradigm. Solar photovoltaic panels and wind turbine electricity can both be used in microgrids. Both of these are non-conventional sources of energy. Studying how environmental friendly sources can be integrated into the micro-grid and how the micro-grid and system reliability can be evaluated simultaneously is a main goal of this study work. Secondly, we want to learn how to include ecologically friendly sources and analysis into our daily practises. Radial feeders have an imbalance due to renewable energy sources being connected at the appropriate bus. Solar panels and wind turbines are two examples of these green energy options. A microgrid is a self-contained network linked to the main grid through the distribution system. It is possible to run a micro-grid without relying on the main grid, despite its link. In a microgrid scenario, the modelling software Matlab/Simulink is being used to simulate an imbalanced three-phase power supply. Microgrids are equipped with batteries for power storage. Findings show that a number of distinct time-shifting buses have considerably improved their voltage and current profiles.
Partial Stochastic Dominance

The stochastic dominance ordering over probability distributions is one of the most familiar concepts in economic and financial analysis. One difficulty with stochastic dominance is that many distributions are not ranked at all, even when arbitrarily close to other distributions that are. Because of this, several measures of ”partial” or ”near” stochastic dominance have been introduced into the literature—albeit on a somewhat ad hoc basis. This paper argues that there is a single measure of extent of stochastic dominance that can be regarded as the most natural default measure from the perspective of economic analysis.