Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water pricing options for the Middle Drâa River Basin in Morocco.

This paper discusses the possible effects of various ways of charging for water in an integrated modeling framework adapted to the Drâa River Basin in southeastern Morocco. Declining surface water availability in the basin has led to an increase in groundwater use for irrigation in recent decades, even though groundwater extraction is more costly than using surface water. The trade-off between the pricing of ground and surface water is discussed based on recursive-dynamic simulations over a ten-year period. The results identify groundwater pricing as an economically and environmentally favorable option, assuming that revenues from water charges are redistributed to farmers.
Un Solveur L´eger Eﬃcace pour Interroger le Web S´emantique ∗

Le Web S´emantique vise `a construire des bases de donn´ees inter-domaines et distribu´ees `a travers l’inter-net. SPARQL est un langage de requˆetes standard pour ces bases de donn´ees. L’´evaluation de telles requˆetes est cependant NP-diﬃcile. Nous mod´elisons les requˆetes SPARQL de mani`ere d´eclarative, au moyen de CSPs. Une s´emantique op´erationnelle CP est propos´ee. Elle peut ˆetre utilis´ee pour une impl´ementation directe dans des solveurs CP existants. Pour traiter des bases de donn´ees de grande taille, nous introduisons un solveur sp´ecialis´e, l´eger et eﬃcace, Castor. Les benchmarks montrent la faisabilit´e et l’eﬃcacit´e de l’approche.
Risk as Feelings

Virtually all current theories of choice under risk or uncertainty are cognitive and consequentialist. They assume that people assess the desirability and likelihood of possible outcomes of choice alternatives and integrate this information through some type of expectation-based calculus to arrive at a decision. The authors propose an alternative theoretical perspective, the risk-as-feelings hypothesis, that highlights the role of affect experienced at the moment of decision making. Drawing on research from clinical, physiological, and other subfields of psychology, they show that emotional reactions to risky situations often diverge from cognitive assessments of those risks. When such divergence occurs, emotional reactions often drive behavior. The risk-as-feelings hypothesis is shown to explain a wide range of phenomena that have resisted interpretation in cognitive-consequentialist terms.
A Review of DC Shipboard Microgrids Part I: Power Architectures, Energy Storage and Power Converters

-Integrated power systems (IPSs) are popular in the shipbuilding industry. DC shipboard microgrids (DC-SMGs) have many advantages compared with AC ones in terms of system efficiency, operation flexibility, component size, and fault protection performance. Being in the exploring stage, DC-SMGs have several potential configurations with different system architectures and voltage levels. In a DC-SMG, functional blocks integrated include power generation modules (PGMs), propulsion system, high power loads, and pulsed loads specifically in naval ships . In modern ships, the PGMs include not only generators and fuel cells (FCs) but also energy storage systems (ESSs), which cooperate with generators to improve the overall efficiency and reliability. High power electric converters are vital interfaces between the functional blocks and the DC distribution system. Rectifiers for generators take the tasks of DC bus voltage regulation and power sharing. Inverters for propulsion motors are responsible for the motor drive in different operating conditions. Bidirectional DC/DC converters for ESSs are used to provide supply-demand balance and voltage fluctuation mitigation. This paper makes a comprehensive review of power architecture, functional blocks including electrical machines and energy storage, as well as power converters in DC shipboard power systems. 1
More than the soil: rural change in Southeast Asia.

1. Rural Southeast Asia and the Global Context 2. Recasting the 'Agrarian Question' 3. Delineating the Rural Past 4. Imagining the Future 5. Diversifying Livelihoods 6. Hybrid Households 7. Agriculture's Place in a Diversifying Economy Rural Industry and the Farmers in the City the End of the Rural? 8. Ordinary Lives in a Global World
Analysis of the urban heat island from TIR airborne data: first results obtained during the Capitoul experiment over the city of Toulouse

The characterization of the urban heat island (UHI) in terms of both spatial extension and intensity is important for various purposes: analysis of urban climate, impact on the atmospheric boundary layer, urban breeze, diffusion of pollutants and air quality… Airborne measurements performed using two thermal infrared cameras have been performed over the city of Toulouse and its surroundings in order to describe the UHI in the framework of the CAPITOUL experiment (http://medias.cnrs.fr/capitoul/). Flights have been performed at different times (daytime and nighttime conditions) during several intensive operation periods (IOP) in 2004 and 2005. The first results of the 2005 winter IOP only are presented in the paper. The protocol of the measurements and the processing of data are briefly described. The variability of surface temperature between the center of the city, peri-urban and rural areas is analysed and compared against the air temperature field obtained from the dense network of meteorological stations installed by Météo France over the study area.
A Practical Strategy for Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanism of Chrysophanol Against Obesity Asthma/Childhood Asthma

Background and purpose Obesity may be more likely to lead to asthma, that is, obesity asthma. Children are the age stage of high incidence of asthma. Obesity asthma may be more refractory in children with asthma, and is more likely to produce glucocorticoid resistance, which greatly leads to the risk of severe disease in children with asthma. However, approaches to combating Obesity Asthma/Childhood Asthma complications are limited by conditions. Existing evidence shows that chrysophanol has antibacterial and anti-inﬂammatory, fat reduction, anticough, promoting gastrointestinal functional homeostasis and immune regulation. Experimental methods Through systematic pharmacological and bioinformatics analysis, we evaluated the physical and chemical properties and biological activities of chrysophanol
Optimization of PSMA-Targeted Radionuclide Agents

Introduction. The Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) convened a PSMA-Directed Radionuclide Scientific Working Group on November 14, 2017, at Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY. Methods. The meeting was attended by 35 global investigators with expertise in prostate cancer biology, radionuclide therapy, molecular imaging, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted agents, drug development, and prostate cancer clinical trials. The goal of this meeting was to discuss the potential for using PSMA-targeted radionuclide agents for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer and to define the studies and clinical trials necessary for validating and optimizing the use of these agents. Results. Several major topic areas were discussed including the overview of PSMA biology, lessons and applications of PSMA-targeted PET imaging, the nuances of designing PSMA-radionuclide agents, clinical experiences with PSMA-targeted radionuclides, PCF-funded projects to accelerate PSMA-radionuclide therapy, and barriers to the use of radionuclide treatments in widespread clinical practice. Discussion . This article reviews the major topics discussed at the meeting with the goal of promoting research that will validate and optimize the use of PSMA-radionuclide agents for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
The Silver Lining of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Fast-Tracked Vaccine Production and Approval

From the time when the smallpox vaccine was successfully produced in 1798, vaccines have proven to be the most reliable means for preventing and controlling most infectious diseases because they significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with life-threatening infectious diseases. During the pre-COVID-19 era, the development, testing, and final approval for vaccines would take as long as thirty years and this was regarded as a normal procedure by most regulatory bodies. However, the devastating COVID-19 pandemic witnessed the development and approval of several vaccines in just six months from when the first SARS-CoV-2 case was reported in Wuhan, China. The speed and apparent ease with which the COVID19 vaccines have been produced and approved has introduced a paradigm shift in the vaccinology field, creating an environment within which the production of vaccines for most infectious disease now seems possible. This chapter delves into the vaccine production and approval process and discusses the benefits of vaccines, the types of vaccines, and how they work. It also explores how lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic can contribute toward the expedited development, trial, and approval of vaccines against other devastating diseases of equally high, if not higher, mortality rates such as HIV/AIDS, TB, and malaria.
Article title: Gender variation in whole genome sequencing of susceptibility genes in a rat model of depression Authors: Hidaayah Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar[1], Ireoluwa Joel[2], Olanrewaju Jimoh[3], Lekan Ojulari[4], Kaosara Ganiyu[5], Temidayo Alatiba[6], Victory Ogunyomi[7], Victoria Awoliyi[8], Muhamme

Depression is one of the most common mood disorders among psychiatric diseases which affects about 10% of adult population. Animal models are used to aid the understanding of its pathogenesis and search for therapies. Some of the models of stress generate animals that are susceptible to stress while others are resilient. Thus, this study aimed to determine the similarities and/or differences in the genes responsible for susceptibility to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)induced depression-like behaviors in male and female Wistar rats. Sixty (30 male and 30 female) Wistar rats weighing between 120 & 150g were used for this study. The rats were randomly divided into two main groups: A (male) and B (female). Rats in each main group were further subdivided into two sub-groups: control (10) and test groups (20). Rats in the test groups were subjected to CUS (Willner, 2017). Depression-like behaviors were assessed using a battery of behavioral tests. Rats in the CUS-susceptible group were sacrificed and the hippocampus excised. gDNA was extracted from the hippocampal samples and purified. Purified DNA was subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS). Basecalling of sequence reads from raw sequencing signal (FAST5) files was carried out and variants called from alignment BAM files. Genes were identified, their impacts estimated and variants annotated. 60% each of the male and female rats subjected to CUS showed significant (p<0.05) depression-like behaviors. WGS of the hippocampal DNA revealed a total of 289,839 SNPs variant types, 7002 insertions, 34,459 deletions and 1,570,186 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) variant types, 109,860 insertions, 597,241 deletions in CUS-susceptible male and female Wistar rats respectively. A total of 6 and 22 genes are implicated in increased susceptibility to depression in male and female Wistar rats respectively (M:F = 1:3.7).
Development and validation of a modified Cambridge Multimorbidity Score for use with internationally recognized electronic health record clinical terms (SNOMED CT)

Background People with multiple health conditions are more likely to have poorer health outcomes and greater care and service needs a reliable measure of multimorbidity would inform management strategies and resource allocation. This study aims to develop and validate a modified version of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score in an extended age range, using clinical terms which are routinely used in electronic health records across the world SNOMED CT. Methods and Findings We curated new variables describing 37 health conditions and modelled the associations between these and 1 year mortality risk using the Cox proportional hazard model in a development dataset (n=300,000). We then developed two simplified models a 20 condition model as per the original Cambridge Multimorbidity Score, and a variable reduction model using backward elimination with Akaike information criterion as the stopping criterion. The results were compared and validated for 1-year mortality in a synchronous validation dataset (n=150,000), and for 1-year and 5-year mortality in an asynchronous validation dataset (n=150,000). Our final variable reduction model retained 21 conditions, and the conditions mostly overlapped with those in the 20 condition model. The model performed similarly to the 37 and 20 condition models, showing high discrimination and good calibration following recalibration. Conclusions This modified version of the Cambridge Multimorbidity Score allows reliable estimation using clinical terms which can be applied internationally across multiple healthcare settings.
Uncertainty Quantification in Extreme Classification

Uncertainty quantification is one of the most crucial tasks to obtain trustworthy and reliable machine learning models for decision making. However, most research in this domain has only focused on problems with small label spaces and ignored eXtreme Multi-label Classification (XMC), which is an essential task in the era of big data for web-scale machine learning applications. Moreover, enormous label spaces could also lead to noisy retrieval results and intractable computational challenges for uncertainty quantification. In this paper, we aim to investigate general uncertainty quantification approaches for tree-based XMC models with a probabilistic ensemble-based framework. In particular, we analyze label-level and instance-level uncertainty in XMC, and propose a general approximation framework based on beam search to efficiently estimate the uncertainty with a theoretical guarantee under long-tail XMC predictions. Empirical studies on six large-scale real-world datasets show that our framework not only outperforms single models in predictive performance, but also can serve as strong uncertainty-based baselines for label misclassification and out-of-distribution detection, with significant speedup. Besides, our framework can further yield better state-of-the-art results based on deep XMC models with uncertainty quantification.
CNN BASED CHEST X-RAY CLASSIFICATION

— India faces acute shortage of radiologists. As per NCBI, USA India has one radiologist per 1,00,000 people. In past two years we have seen unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic which has posed a huge burden on our health care infrastructure and health care professionals. The rural parts are hit worst struggling to provide lifesaving health care access causing millions of Indians to lose their lives. In this regard our project focuses on developing a web based application which may reduce the burden on health care professionals and help in timely diagnosis of chest x-ray findings without delays and with precision. This will help to treat patients with utmost care, can avoid unnecessary surgeries and save lives. In the recent years Artificial Intelligence (AI) empowered systems have proven to be dominant in all domains. Artificial Intelligence has attracted most of the researchers of the recent past. Artificial Intelligence which encompasses all the industries has been proven to be vital in Health care by helping healthcare professionals in taking decisions and also in diagnosis and detection of several critical ailments like cancers and others. In this project we have leveraged the transfer learning as benchmark to obtain the models for our task of classification. We have executed the experiment through the various standard models available retaining the similar experimental conditions and did the comparative analysis to evaluate them and to pick the best one among them. The results achieved show that Densenet-169 provided the best results with 95.56 percent validation accuracy which has been used for making predictions in the web application.
An Investigation of Cattle Birth Seasonality using δ13C and δ18O Profiles within First Molar Enamel

Cattle (Bos taurus) are biologically able to breed year-round, potentially giving farmers the freedom to choose a calving strategy to best meet their economic goals. Thus, an accurate method to determine cattle birth seasonality from archaeological remains would prove to be a valuable tool when investigating a prehistoric farming community. This paper presents the results of intra-tooth isotope ratio analysis (δ18O, δ13C) of first, second and third molars from 15 cattle. The principal outcome is a possible new approach to determining cattle birth seasonality utilizing both carbon and oxygen isotope ratio measurements of first molar enamel. Although this technique requires verification through more extensive testing, particularly of modern material, initial results suggest that it may produce more accurate predictions of birth seasonality than techniques based on intra-tooth δ18O measurements of second and third molars.
Conflicting Values of Ethical Consumption in Diverse Worlds – a Cultural Approach

This paper examines the plurality of ethical consumption and aims to illustrate how consumers cope with its complexity in the context of everyday food consumption. This study seeks to outline the tensions that consumers inevitably face when pursuing ethical choices and to shed light on the various ways in which they solve these tensions in the rhythms of everyday life. The research applies Boltanski and Thévenot's theory of orders of worth as an interpretive framework. The research data has been collected from Finnish online discussion forums in which consumers debate various aspects of ethical food consumption. The analysis indicates that the participants in the discussions recognize various understandings of ethical consumption which may be accompanied by insecurities about the “right” ones. However, the research suggests that consumers are able to solve fundamental tensions in ethical food consumption by carrying out different types of practices.
Detection and mitigation of antibiotic residues in poultry products and byproducts

: Majority of the people in Bangladesh are still not aware about the health hazards of antibiotic residues. In this research, farmer’s awareness has been investigated by a questionnaire in different poultry farms, retail sellers and poultry markets and spread out the knowledge of public health hazards of antibiotics residues. Poultry farmers were found well educated about health hazards of antibiotic residues and aware about the judicial use of antibiotics before selling the poultry for human consumptions. During this survey, sufficient samples (thigh muscle, breast muscle, liver etc., n=100) were collected from different poultry farms, retail sellers and poultry markets. Randomly 50 livers, 50 thigh muscle and 50 breast muscle samples respectively were evaluated by TLC analysis. Out of 50 samples for each 2 liver, 2 breast muscle and 2 thigh muscle samples were found positive for Amoxicillin antibiotic; 5 liver, 3 breast muscle and 3 thigh muscle samples were found positive for Ciprofloxacin; 3 liver, 3 breast muscle and 3 thigh muscle samples were found positive for Cefalexin; 2 liver, 2 breast muscle and 2 thigh muscle samples were found positive for Enrofloxacin; 4 liver, 2 breast muscle and 2 thigh muscle samples were found positive for Oxytetracycline. Gentamicin and Neomycin were found negative for any samples. Further investigation was done in indoor discriminate and indiscriminate use of antibiotics (Cefalexin) in broilers. Indoor experiment was investigated in poultry chicks. Day old chicks were collected and reared up to 30 days. On day 14 th , the chicks were randomly divided into three groups namely control group (n=10), discriminate antibiotic group (n=10) and indiscriminate antibiotic group (n=10). Discriminate antibiotic group was treated with antibiotics (Cefalexin) for one week followed by withdrawal period for one week, whereas; indiscriminate antibiotic group was treated with antibiotic (Cefalexin) for two weeks until the day of sacrifice. Liver, thigh muscle and breast muscle samples were collected and evaluated by TLC method. Control and discriminate antibiotics birds were found negative for any antibiotics residues. On the other hand, ten liver samples, eight thigh muscles and eight breast muscles were found positive for Cefalexin in indiscriminate group. Indiscriminate uses of antibiotic indicated that antibiotic residue mitigation for human safe meat production depends on withdrawal period and farmers awareness. Therefore, poultry treated with antibiotics are required for specific withdrawal period until all residues are depleted to safe levels before human consumption.
Transcriptional Network Involved in Drought Response and Adaptation in Cereals

Drought is the major abiotic stress in many wheat environments, decreasing grain yields and farmer’s income. Finding ways to improve drought tolerance in wheat is therefore a global effort. Transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in drought tolerance by stimulating plant’s protective genome activities in response to heat and water limitation. TFs are specialized proteins which can bind to specific DNA elements in gene promoters and modulate gene expression in response to various external and internal stimuli. Thus TFs is a crucial part of plant signal transduction pathway mediated by signal receptors, phytohormones and other regulatory compounds. The activities of TFs are closely related to their structure, and their binding specificity is determined by the homo-/hetero-dimeri‐ zation of TFs. The expression of downstream genes may produce a subset of TFs or regu‐ late other functional proteins involved in physiological drought adaptation. Thus, the hierarchic regulations of TF activities, downstream gene expression and protein–protein interaction comprise a complex regulatory network, which participates in drought re‐ sponse and adaptation in cereal crops. Basic mechanisms of this regulatory network have been described, but more insight is needed to find new tools for enhancing cereals’ adap‐ tation to drought stress.