Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy for Per-Patient Polyp Detection of Second-Generation Capsule Endoscopy Compared to Colonoscopy: A Meta-Analysis of Multicenter Studies

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) or capsule colonoscopy can be used as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening option. We intended to analyze the concerning literature that compared second-generation CCE to standard colonoscopy for multicenter studies only. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Study characteristics related to our research including sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps detection (size: ≥ 10 mm and ≥ 6 mm). Meta-analysis was performed using an open meta-analyst. Our research included five studies, involving a total of 1518 patients, with a total of 1305 analyzed patients. The adequate bowel preparation rate ranged from 70% to 90%. The rates of complete CCE transit fluctuated from 80% to 100%. Our meta-analysis illustrated that mean (95% confidence interval) per-patient sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio were: 0.86 (0.82-0.91) (p < 0.001), 0.88 (0.72-0.96) (p < 0.001), and 50.7 (18.5-138.9) (p < 0.001), respectively, for polyps ≥ 6 mm; and 0.86 (0.8-0.91) (p < 0.001), 0.96 (0.92-0.98) (p < 0.001), and 173.5 (98.4-305.8) (p < 0.001), respectively, for polyps ≥ 10 mm. We concluded that CCE had high sensitivity and specificity for per-patient polyps vs. standard colonoscopy. Nevertheless, the comparatively higher rate of unfinished CCEs limits the utilization of CCE for CRC screening.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Club Drug Use among Secondary Vocational Students in China

To understand the prevalence of and factors associated with club drug use among Chinese secondary vocational students, a nationally representative survey was conducted. The multistage cluster sampling strategy was employed to select participants. A total of 9469 students from eleven secondary vocational schools in five cities completed self-reported questionnaires, which included information on club drug use, sociodemographic variables, individual factors, as well as peer and family related factors. The data were separately analyzed with Poisson regression models for female and male students. The overall lifetime prevalence of club drug use was 2.7% (258/9469), and male students had higher prevalence than female students (3.5% vs. 1.9%, p < 0.001). Female and male students shared four risk factors (i.e., having ever smoked, perceiving social benefit expectancies, peer drug using and perceiving peer’s approval of drug use) and one protective factor (i.e., having medium or high levels of refusal skills) for club drug use. Moreover, family drug using and having a part-time job were two additionally independent risk factors for club drug use among male students. These findings indicate that the problem of club drug use among Chinese secondary vocational students is worthy of attention. The prevention of club drug use should address multiple risks and protective factors on individual, peer and family levels.
Effect of Steel Fibre Reinforcement on Flexural Fatigue Behaviour of Notched Structural Concrete

One of the biggest challenges in facilitating the installation of concrete is the development of fibre-reinforced concrete. Although nowadays fibre reinforced concrete is relatively common, it is still necessary to deepen in the study on its behaviour, especially regarding its fatigue behaviour. This paper proposes a new methodology to analyse the bending fatigue behaviour of notched test specimens. From these tests, it was possible to verify that, despite carrying out the tests with load control, the presence of fibres extends the fatigue life of the concrete after cracking. This effect is of great importance since during the extra lifetime with the cracked concrete, the damage to the concrete will be evident and the corresponding maintenance measures can be carried out. Regarding the analysis of the results, in addition to obtaining a traditional S-N curve, two new criteria have been applied, namely energy and notch growth. From these two new approaches, it was possible to determine critical energy values that can be used as predictive indicators of the collapse of the element. Moreover, from the notch growth analysis, it was possible to determine crack growth rate as a function of the stress conditions for the concrete and the specific geometry. From the comparison among the results obtained from the different tests, a limit cracking index of 0.05 mm can be defined.
Exogenous ethylene application on postharvest oil palm fruit bunches improves crude palm oil quality

Abstract Quality and food safety are of paramount importance to the palm oil industry. In this work, we investigated the practicability of ethylene gas exogenous application on post‐harvested oil palm fruit bunches to improve the crude palm oil (CPO) quality. The bunches were first exposed to ethylene gas for 24 hr to induce abscission of palm fruits from bunches. The detached fruits were then subjected to heat treatment, mechanical extraction, clarification and drying to produce CPO. Critical quality parameters of CPO produced, that is free fatty acid, deterioration of the bleachability index and triacylglycerol showed improvement with ethylene gas treatment. Contaminant content that is phosphorus, chloride, iron, and copper also showed a reduction in the CPO derived from ethylene‐treated bunches. These findings corresponded with low levels of contaminants such as 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters and glycidyl esters in refined oil. The implementation strategy and practicability of this method is herein proposed and discussed. Ethylene application not only improves the CPO quality, but could potentially enhance the process sustainability of palm oil mills.
Searching Anti-Zika Virus Activity in 1H-1,2,3-Triazole Based Compounds

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family and is responsible for an exanthematous disease and severe neurological manifestations, such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. ZIKV has a single strand positive-sense RNA genome that is translated into structural and non-structural (NS) proteins. Although it has become endemic in most parts of the tropical world, Zika still does not have a specific treatment. Thus, in this work we evaluate the cytotoxicity and antiviral activities of 14 hybrid compounds formed by 1H-1,2,3-triazole, naphthoquinone and phthalimide groups. Most compounds showed low cytotoxicity to epithelial cells, specially the 3b compound. After screening with all compounds, 4b was the most active against ZIKV in the post-infection test, obtaining a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 146.0 µM and SI of 2.3. There were no significant results for the pre-treatment test. According to the molecular docking compound, 4b was suggested with significant binding affinity for the NS5 RdRp protein target, which was further corroborated by molecular dynamic simulation studies.
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Critical Narrative Review

Background: Nearly two decades have passed since a paradoxical reaction in the orofacial region to some bone modifying agents and other drugs was recognized, namely medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Purpose: The aim of this manuscript was to critically review published data on MRONJ to provide an update on key terminology, concepts, and current trends in terms of prevention and diagnosis. In addition, our objective was to examine and evaluate the therapeutic options available for MRONJ. Methods: The authors perused the most relevant literature relating to MRONJ through a search in textbooks and published articles included in several databases for the years 2003–2021. Results and conclusions: A comprehensive update of the current understanding of these matters was elaborated, addressing these topics and identifying relevant gaps of knowledge. This review describes our updated view of the previous thematic blocks, highlights our current clinical directions, and emphasizes controversial aspects and barriers that may lead to extending the accumulating body of evidence related to this severe treatment sequela.
NoFumo+: A Clinical Trial of an mHealth for Smoking Cessation with Hospitalized Patients

Smartphone applications (apps) improve accessibility to smoking cessation treatments. The NoFumo+ app administers a cognitive behavioral therapy program for smoking cessation. This study evaluates the efficacy of NoFumo+ for quitting smoking or reducing cigarette consumption versus the usual information-based treatment. A clinical trial was conducted with 99 hospitalized smokers, 54 pseudo-randomly assigned to the app treatment and 45 to the usual treatment. The two groups had homogeneous baseline characteristics to ensure comparability. Abstinence was evaluated at post-treatment (two months) and at a six-month follow-up. The results obtained indicate that participants who receive the usual treatment are 5.40 times more likely to continue smoking than those who undergo the app treatment (95% CI = [1.35; 20.15]). Participants who do not succeed in quitting smoking with the app manage to decrease their habitual consumption. Users who successfully complete treatment with NoFumo+ access all its contents and use the chat, but without requesting professional support. There is not enough empirical evidence to attribute this success to any specific element of the app. NoFumo+ achieves better abstinence rates than the usual information-based treatments, and the goal of generalizing its use to the non-hospitalized smoking population may be achievable in the future.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Polycrystalline Si0.8Ge0.2 Alloys through the Addition of Nanoscale Porosity

Engineering materials to include nanoscale porosity or other nanoscale structures has become a well-established strategy for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of dielectrics. However, the approach is only considered beneficial for materials where the intrinsic phonon mean-free path is much longer than that of the charge carriers. As such, the approach would not be expected to provide significant performance gains in polycrystalline semiconducting alloys, such as SixGe1-x, where mass disorder and grains provide strong phonon scattering. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that the addition of nanoscale porosity to even ultrafine-grained Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 may be worthwhile. The semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation was used to model electrical and phonon transport in polycrystalline Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 containing prismatic pores perpendicular to the transport current. The models are free of tuning parameters and were validated against experimental data. The models reveal that a combination of pores and grain boundaries suppresses phonon conductivity to a magnitude comparable with the electronic thermal conductivity. In this regime, ZT can be further enhanced by reducing carrier concentration to the electrical and electronic thermal conductivity and simultaneously increasing thermopower. Although increases in ZT are modest, the optimal carrier concentration is significantly lowered, meaning semiconductors need not be so strongly supersaturated with dopants.
Offset-Symmetric Gaussians for Differential Privacy

The Gaussian distribution is widely used in mechanism design for differential privacy (DP). Thanks to its sub-Gaussian tail, it significantly reduces the chance of outliers when responding to queries. However, it can only provide approximate <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\varepsilon, \delta (\varepsilon))$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-DP. In practice, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta (\varepsilon)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> must be much smaller than the size of the dataset, which may limit the use of the Gaussian mechanism for large datasets with strong privacy requirements. In this paper, we introduce and analyze a new distribution for use in DP that is based on the Gaussian distribution, but has improved privacy performance. The so-called offset-symmetric Gaussian tail (OSGT) distribution is obtained through using the normalized tails of two symmetric Gaussians around zero. Consequently, it can still have sub-Gaussian tail and lend itself to analytical derivations. We analytically derive the variance of the OSGT random variable and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta (\varepsilon)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the single-dimensional OSGT mechanism. We extend the OSGT mechanism to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-dimensional queries, iteratively compute its <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta _{k}(\varepsilon)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, derive its Rényi differential privacy, and study its composition. Numerical results show the OSGT mechanism can offer better privacy-utility performance compared to the Gaussian and Laplace mechanisms. We also derive a method for post processing the output of the OSGT mechanism to approximate the query based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation technique. The simulation results of such processing confirm the efficacy of the OSGT mechanism over the Gaussian mechanism.
Scalable Consistency Training for Graph Neural Networks via Self-Ensemble Self-Distillation

Consistency training is a popular method to improve deep learning models in computer vision and natural language processing. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in a variety of network science learning tasks, but to date no work has studied the effect of consistency training on large-scale graph problems. GNNs scale to large graphs by minibatch training and subsample node neighbors to deal with high degree nodes. We utilize the randomness inherent in the subsampling of neighbors and introduce a novel consistency training method to improve accuracy. For a target node we generate different neighborhood expansions, and distill the knowledge of the average of the predictions to the GNN. Our method approximates the expected prediction of the possible neighborhood samples and practically only requires a few samples. We demonstrate that our training method outperforms standard GNN training in several different settings, and yields the largest gains when label rates are low.
A Speaker-Aware Learning Framework for Improving Multi-turn Dialogue Coherence

This paper presents a novel open-domain dialogue generation framework emphasizing the differentiation of speakers in multi-turn conversations. Differing from prior work that solely relies on the content of conversation history to generate a response, we argue that capturing relative social relations among utterances (i.e., generated by either the same speaker or different persons) benefits the machine capturing fine-grained context information from a conversation history to improve context coherence in the generated response. Given that, we propose a speakeraware framework, named Parallel Hierarchical Attentive Encoder-Decoder (PHAED), that aims to model each utterance with the awareness of its speaker and contextual associations with the same speaker’s previous messages. Specifically, in a conversation involving two speakers, we regard the utterances from one speaker as responses and those from the other as queries. After understanding queries via our encoder with inner-query and inter-query encodings, our decoder reuses the hidden states of previously generated responses to generate a new response. Our empirical results show that PHAED outperforms the state-of-the-art in both automatic and human evaluations. Furthermore, our ablation study shows that dialogue models with speaker tokens can generally decrease the possibility of generating noncoherent responses regarding the conversation context.
Refcat: The Internet Archive Scholar Citation Graph

As part of its scholarly data efforts, the Internet Archive (IA) releases a first version of a citation graph dataset, named refcat, derived from scholarly publications and additional data sources. It is composed of data gathered by the fatcat cataloging project (the catalog that underpins IA Scholar), related web-scale crawls targeting primary and secondary scholarly outputs, as well as metadata from the Open Library project and Wikipedia. This first version of the graph consists of over 1.3B citations. We release this dataset under a CC0 Public Domain Dedication, accessible through Internet Archive. The source code used for the derivation process, including exact and fuzzy citation matching, is released under an MIT license. The goal of this report is to describe briefly the current contents and the derivation of the dataset.
Enabling Level-4 Autonomous Driving on a Single 1 Off-the-Shelf Card

Autonomous driving is of great interest in both research and industry. The high cost has been one of the major roadblocks that slow down the development and adoption of autonomous driving in practice. This paper, for the first-time, shows that it is possible to run level-4 (i.e., fully autonomous driving) software on a single off-the-shelf card (Jetson AGX Xavier) for less than $1k, an order of magnitude less than the state-of-the-art systems, while meeting all the requirements of latency. The success comes from the resolution of some important issues shared by existing practices through a series of measures and innovations. The study overturns the common perceptions of the computing resources required by level-4 autonomous driving, points out a promising path for the industry to lower the cost, and suggests a number of research opportunities for rethinking the architecture, software design, and optimizations of autonomous driving.
Impacts of Device Caching of Content Fractions on Expected Content Quality

Motivated by the dynamic streaming feature that allows a video stream to consist of multiple chunks having different qualities, this study explores caching of fractions of a video content, not caching of an entire content, to increase the expected video quality. We show that the highest-quality content is better to be cached and propose the caching policy of video chunks having different qualities. Extensive performance evaluations are conducted to show that caching of content fractions, rather than an entire content, can improve the expected video quality especially when the channel condition is sufficiently good to cooperate with nearby BS or helpers.
Performance Comparison Between a Simple Full-Duplex Multi-Antenna Relay and a Passive Reflecting Intelligent Surface

In this paper, we propose to investigate a single RF chain multi-antenna full-duplex (FD) relay built with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bit analog phase shifters and passive self-interference cancellation. Next, assuming only passive self-interference cancellation at the FD relay, we derive the achievable data rate of a system comprised of a source, the proposed FD relay, and a destination. We then compare the achievable data rate of the proposed FD relaying system with the achievable data rate of the same system but with the FD relay replaced by an ideal passive RIS. Our results show that the proposed relaying system with 2-bit quantized analog phase shifters significantly outperforms the RIS-assisted system. In fact, the performance gains are so large, at least for small to intermediate numbers of antenna elements, that we believe it makes this result of interest to the wireless community. The proposed FD relay can also be built with reconfigurable holographic surfaces, one surface for the transmit-side and one for the receive-side. For such a scenario, we derive the energy efficiency of the relay-assisted system and compare it with the RIS-assisted system. Our numerical results show that the energy efficiency of the relay-assisted system built with reconfigurable holographic surfaces is significantly higher than the energy efficiency of the RIS-assisted system. Intuitively, the RIS system is at a disadvantage since there the total transmit power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is used entirely by the source, whereas in the FD relaying system the total transmit power <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$P_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is shared by the source and the FD relay in addition to the noise-cleansing process performed by the decode-and-forwarding at the FD relay.
Stiffness optimisation of graded microstructal configurations using asymptotic analysis and machine learning

The article is aimed to address a combinative use of asymptotic analysis and machine learning, for fast stiﬀness design of conﬁgurations inﬁlled with smoothly-varying graded microstructures. The discussion is conducted in the context of an improved asymptotic-homogenisation topology optimisation (AHTO plus) framework (Zhu et al., 2019). It is demonstrated that machine learning can be employed to represent the key but implicit inter-relationships between formulations obtained at diﬀerent orders from asymptotic analysis. Moreover, in the context of microstructural homogenisation, asymptotic analysis helps oﬀer a platform for machine learning to release its full potentials in function representation. Firstly, asymptotic analysis identiﬁes a computational routine for data acquisition, thus the training data are suﬃcient in theory. Secondly, the number of input arguments for machine learning can be minimised based on the explicit results by asymptotic analysis, and the scale of the machine learning model in use is kept small. Thirdly, the input arguments for machine learning are shown to be complete. Then the situation where certain factors aﬀecting the function relationship represented by machine learning is avoided. Other issues on incorporating machine learning into the AHTO plus framework, such as ensuring the positive deﬁniteness of the homogenised elasticity tensor and the speeding-up of
A Young, Low-density Stellar Stream in the Milky Way Disk: Theia 456

Our view of the variety of stellar structures pervading the local Milky Way has been transformed by the application of clustering algorithms to the Gaia catalog. In particular, several stellar streams have been recently discovered that are comprised of hundreds to thousands of stars and span several hundred parsecs. We analyze one such structure, Theia 456, a low-density stellar stream extending nearly 200 pc and 20° across the sky. By supplementing Gaia astrometric data with spectroscopic metallicities from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope and photometric rotation periods from the Zwicky Transient Facility and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, we establish Theia 456's radial velocity coherence, and we find strong evidence that members of Theia 456 have a common age (≃175 Myr), common dynamical origin, and formed from chemically homogeneous prestellar material ([Fe/H] = −0.07 dex). Unlike well-known stellar streams in the Milky Way, which are in its halo, Theia 456 is firmly part of the thin disk. If our conclusions about Theia 456 can be applied to even a small fraction of the remaining ≃8300 independent structures in the Theia catalog, such low-density stellar streams may be ubiquitous. We comment on the implications this has for the nature of star formation throughout the Galaxy.