Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FDI, Exports, and Growth in East and Southeast Asia --Evidence from Time-Series and Panel Data Causality Analyses

of the Paper: Using time-series and panel data from 1986 to 2004, this paper examines the Granger causality relations between GDP, exports, and FDI among China, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand, the eight rapidly developing East and Southeast Asian economies. After reviewing the current literature and testing the properties of individual time-series data, we estimate the VAR and VECM of the three variables to find various Granger causal relations for each of the eight economies. We then construct the panel data of the three variables for the eight economies as a group and then use the fixed effects and random effects approaches to estimate the panel data VAR equations for Granger causality tests. The panel data causality results reveal that FDI has unidirectional effects on GDP directly and indirectly through exports, and there also exists bidirectional causality between exports and GDP for the group. Economic implications of our analysis are then explored in the conclusions.
Sexual Transmission of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection among Men

We estimated the prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) and assessed risk factors among young heterosexual men participating in the HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual Activity (HITCH) study. Oral and genital HPV samples were collected from 222 men and their female partners who were participating in the HITCH study, a longitudinal cohort on HPV transmission among heterosexual couples. Demographic and behavioral data were collected through self-administered computer questionnaires and biologic samples were tested with the Linear Array for HPV. Outcome measures were overall and type-specific prevalence of oral HPV. The prevalence of oral HPV among men was 7.2% and was higher among men who were ever smokers (12.2%), in nonmonogamous relationships (17.9%), or had a partner with oral (28.6%) and/or genital (11.5%) HPV infection. Moreover, prevalence increased with frequency of oral sex among men whose partner who had a genital infection with the same HPV type. Our results provide further evidence that oral HPV may be transmitted through either oral–oral or oral–genital routes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2959–64. ©2014 AACR.
Contraceptive use among ‘at‐risk’ women in a metropolitan area in Ghana

Engaging in risky sexual behaviors puts a woman at increased risk of acquiring unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Barrier contraceptives protect against both. Field workers interviewed 1,070 such ‘at‐risk’ women aged 18–35 years who had at least three coital acts per week and at least two sex partners in the previous three months to establish the prevalence of contraceptive use in the Kumasi metropolis in Ghana. Awareness and use of contraception applied to 96.4 and 50% of these women, respectively. The male condom was the commonest form of contraception (32%) followed by the pill (16%). Mean coital acts per week were 3.6 while mean new partners in the previous three months were 2.7. About 12 and 42% engaged in anal and oral sex, respectively. Almost 4% were using norethisterone in various dosages as emergency contraception. Low use of safe contraceptives and risky sexual practices are of concern among this population.
Ligation of Patent Ductus Arteriosus for Premature Infants in Intensive Care Unit

Purpose: To review the results of ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in premature babies in an intensive care unit. Method: Retrospective review of premature babies who underwent ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in the intensive care unit, Grantham Hospital, during the period from January, 1999 to December, 2002. Results are compared with those who underwent ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in the operating theatre during the same period. Results: A total of 33 premature babies were recruited. Eighteen babies, including 11 male and 7 female babies with a mean gestation of 25.7 weeks (ranged from 24 to 30 weeks) and a mean birth weight of 835 grams (ranged from 625 to 1439 gram) underwent ligation of patent ductus arteriosus via a left thoracotomy in the intensive care unit. The mean body weight at the time of operation was 1132 grams with a range of 700 to 2700 grams. The indications were respiratory failure and congestive heart failure. The babies were referred from 4 different hospitals. All except 2 babies had a trial of indomethacin induction for closure of patent ductus arteriosus. All except 1 baby received surfactant treatment. The mean ductal size was 3 mm with a range of 2 to 5 mm. There were no statistical difference between the babies operated in the intensive care unit and the operating theatre in terms of the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, pre-operative use of indomethacin, the size of the duct, the mean duration of anaesthesia, the mean change in oxygen requirement, ventilatory support and inotropic support. Babies undergoing ligation of the patent ductus arteriosus in the intensive care unit are significantly smaller in terms of their birth weight and their weight at surgery (p<0.001). They tend to be more premature (p<0.001) and sick as compared with those who have their surgery done in the operating theatre, with more babies having respiratory distress syndrome and intraventricular haemorrhage (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). There is a significant decrease in body temperature (p<0.05) after operation in those babies who have ligation of patent ductus arteriosus performed in the operating theatre, and such a Cardiothoracic Surgical Unit, Gramtham Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 125 Wong Chuk Hang Road, Aberdeen, Hong Kong, China
兒童之性別制握傾向與學業成就Children's Sex, Locus of Control, and Academic Achievement

爲探討中國兒童之性別、制握傾向與學業成就之交互關係，智學責任問卷(IAR)經譯爲中文並施測於兩所台灣中部之小學，受試兒童包括四至六年級之男生164人，女生155人。 國語、數學社會、自然、社會四科之學期總平均成績作爲學業成就之指數。 結果發現：(1)一般而言，女生較男生爲內制，特別對於智力與學業活動的失敗，女生强烈地表示其責在我；(2)制握傾向與學業成績的相關，對於男生頗爲顯著，對於女生則不顯著。 由此推論，其責在我的信念（內制傾向）對於男生而言可能構成助長學業的一項動機性要素；對於女生而言，此種信念似不過反映其社會期望價値而已。 The Intellectual Academic Responsibility (IAR) Questionnaire was translated into Chinese and administered in two elementary schools in Taiwan, Republic of China. The subjects consisted of 164 boys and 155 girls from grades 4 to 6. An average grade in four major subjects in a semester served as an achievement index. It was found that: (1) girls were more internally controlled than boys, especially in the belief that they are responsible for their intellectual-academic failures; (2) the relationships between locus of control and academic performance was more consistent for boys than for girls. It was concluded that a belief in self-responsibility probably constitutes a motivational influence upon academic performance for Chinese boys, but only represents an ingredient of social desirability for Chinese girls.
A Tragedy of the Nomenklatura? Career incentives, political loyalty and political radicalism during China's Great Leap Forward

We review James Kung and Shuo Chen's study, published in the American Political Science Review, on the causes of China's Great Leap Famine (1959–1961). Kung and Chen explain the variations in provincial leaders' radicalism on the basis of the career incentives facing the provincial First Secretaries. In this article, we question the validity of their basic assumptions and also uncover serious issues with the Kung and Chen dataset. We conclude that their empirical findings were based on faulty foundations. Our alternative hypothesis instead explains the dynamics of political radicalism during the Great Leap Forward in terms of the provincial leaders' political loyalty to Mao. Our findings point to the significance of political networks in influencing the behavior of elites and, by extension, political and socio-economic outcomes.
The Promotion of Tea in South China: Re-Inventing Tradition in an Old Industry

This article describes the promotion and consumption of tea in South China, particulaly in Quanzhou, Fujian. Contrary to popular knowledge of tea drinking as an ancient Chinese tradition, tea drinking in Quanzhou today is actually a re-invented tradition. The article shows that the popularity of tea drinking in Quanzhou today came about as a result of promotion by various agents involving tea farmers, tea merchants, and the government in post-Mao China. In addition, Taiwanese tea industry and businesspeople also play important roles in the production and modernization of Anxi tea. The re-invented tradition of tea consumption provides a new way of consuming tea and conducting social relations. The culture of tea consumption in Quanzhou today is shaped by both the forces of post-reform economic development and changing perception of social status and modernity.
The Relationship between Acid-Suppressing Drugs and Phytobezoar Formation: A Retrospective Analysis and Discussion of Phytobezoar Formation

Abstract Objectives: Although phytobezoars are a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, they are most commonly found in patients with previous gastric surgery. It is well known that predisposing factors of phytobezoar formation are ingestion of fruits containing soluble tannin, presence of dilute hydrochloric acid in the stomach, and gastric stasis or delayed emptying. We investigated whether intake of acid-suppressing drugs that neutralize gastric acidity or inhibit gastric acid secretion to constitute a hypo-acidic condition, increases the risk of phytobezoar formation. Materials and methods: Between September 1992 and October 2008, 32 patients (24 male and 8 female) with gastrointestinal phytobezoars were diagnosed either surgically or endoscopically at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Republic of China. The data were collected from hospital records and analyzed retrospectively. Results: Eighteen (56.25%) of all patients had previous gastric surgery and 6 (42.9%) of the 14 patients who had not undergone surgery had diabetes mellitus. The majority of admissions were during winter and spring (between October and March) (P < 0.01) and none of the patients had taken acid-suppressing drugs during the 6 months before detection of gastrointestinal phytobezoars. Conclusions: In our study, intake of acid-suppressing drugs did not increase the risk of phytobezoar formation in patients with normal gastric motility. Moreover, we believe that the major factor in phytobezoar formation is gastric stasis or delayed emptying, which sufficiently prolongs the retention period of materials in the stomach, while dilute hydrochloric acid is a minor factor.
The individual- and social-orienTed chinese biculTural self: a subculTural analysis conTrasTing mainland chinese and Taiwanese

The previously proposed and tested bicultural self theory (Lu, 2007a; Lu & Yang, 2006) was further extended to mainland Chinese in the People’s Republic of China, and potential subcultural differences across the Chinese strait were explored. Results indicated that mainland Chinese generally endorsed various aspects of the individual-oriented self more strongly, but the two groups across the strait were not different in their overall endorsement of the social-oriented self. As social orientation is rooted in traditional Chinese conceptualization of the self and the individual orientation is brought in with modern Western influences, this pattern of differentiation was understood in the context of both common heritage and differing phases of societal modernization in mainland China and Taiwan. In addition, a brief version (24 items) of the “Individual- and Social-oriented Self” scale (ISS; Lu, 2007a, 2007b) was successfully constructed, and its reliability and validity mirrored its original full version of 40 items.
The informal rules of working relationships

It was expected that there would be informal rules of several kinds for working relationships. In the first study subjects rated 33 common rules and a number of relationship-specific rules for three work roles. It was found that certain rules were strongly endorsed for work-mates, superiors and subordinates. These provide a maintenance function by regulating general and relationship-specific sources of conflict. Rules about cooperation, help and fairness applied strongly to work-mates, rules about consideration and skilful use of power to supervisors, rules about using initiative and accepting orders and criticism to subordinates. Rules about reward were also obtained and these tended to be task-focused rather than intimacy sustaining. In the second study one hundred and twenty-four subjects rated the degree of dissatisfaction which they would feel for 11 types of rule violation by each of four work colleagues varying in degree of intimacy. Some level of dissatisfaction was expressed for each rule violation particularly maintenance rules, and the degree of expressed dissatisfaction increased with increased closeness to the work colleague. Study I was replicated in three other countries — Italy, Hong Kong and Japan, and cross-cultural comparisons were made. While there was some cross-cultural consistency for certain maintenance rules, there were cultural differences both in the type of rules endorsed and the strength of endorsement. Japanese relationships in particular were most dissimilar to other countries, characterized by greater homogeneity of overall rule structure within the four work roles, and by lower levels of intimacy and emotional expressiveness towards the other person in each relationship.
Neo-colonialism, ideology or just business?

In the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa, the Chinese national team was nowhere to be found. However, the Chinese presence could be felt in the buzzing vuvuzelas. According to the Associated Press, up to 90 per cent of the vuvuzelas sold in South Africa during the World Cup were made in China. This is only one case of the fast increasing trade between China and Africa. China’s recent economic and political involvement in Africa has put their bilateral relations under a broad scrutiny. Some in the West argue that China is trying to colonize Africa and repeating what Western colonists did centuries ago, while others maintain that China’s engagement with African countries is strictly a business that will help China get the minerals and oil it needs to fuel its growing economy without intervention in Africa’s internal sovereignty. Meanwhile, some African countries consider China as more than an economic partner, as someone who can offer an alternative development model. This reflective essay focuses on China’s perception of Africa by investigating how Africa is presented in two of China’s major newspapers – the China Daily and the People’s Daily. The article then examines the Chinese government’s first policy statement on Africa. During Chairman Mao’s era, Sino-African relations were characterized by ideological and strategic considerations. China saw itself as the leader of the Third World and thus African nations were treated as natural allies in China’s struggle against Western ‘imperialism’ and Soviet ‘revisionism’. This philosophy has remained a key component of China’s Africa policy (Shelton, 2001). In the meantime, China realized the importance of African nations in the diplomatic competition with Taiwan (which uses the Republic of China as its official name), especially in the United Nations. In 1971, the United Nations recognized the People’s Republic of China as the legitimate representative of China, and Chairman Mao later appraised, ‘It is our African brothers who lifted us into the UN’. 1 The idea ARTICLE
Bicultural Self, Multiple Social Identities, and Dual Patriotisms Among Ethnic Chinese in Hong Kong

This research tests a model of bicultural self and its implications for social identity (Study 1) and compares the effects of bicultural self and social identity on patriotism (Study 2). Studies are grounded in Hong Kong’s cultural-political context, where the century-long bicultural development of Chinese and Western selves is now realigning with Hong Kong’s recent reunification with China and the resultant expectation to identify with and be patriotic toward China. Results from 761 bilingual university students show that biculturals with strong Chinese and Western selves are psychologically more integrated than others with weaker selves. They are the only group to strongly endorse multiple social identities as Chinese, Hongkonger, and Hongkong Chinese. The Chinese self enhances patriotism toward China and Hong Kong, whereas the Western self and social identities enhance patriotism toward Hong Kong only.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among healthy full-term newborns

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains have emerged in the community, causing disease among healthy people lacking traditional risk factors for MRSA infection. This article describes an outbreak of MRSA among healthy full-term newborns. Design: Cases were identified and corresponding medical information collected. Telephone interviews were conducted with mothers of cases ands surveillance cultures from mothers and newborns were performed. MRSA isolates were genotyped. Setting: Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Participants: Newborns, their mothers and hospital healthcare workers. Intervention: Nursery infection control practices were enhanced. The MRSA-colonised healthcare workers received intranasal mupirocin. Main outcome: Within 4–23 days of birth, 11 newborns were identified with pustules, vesicles or blisters located on the head, groin, perineum, ears, legs, chin and trunk. All received antimicrobials and recovered without incident. Results: None of 432 peripartum women, one of 399 newborns, and two of 135 healthcare workers were nasal MRSA carriers. Available isolates from six patients, two healthcare workers, and one from an MRSA-colonised newborn were similar by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Other than contact with the hospital, no common exposures of MRSA transmission were identified. Conclusions: MRSA strains that initially emerged in the community are now causing disease in healthcare settings. Providers should be aware that MRSA can cause skin infections among healthy newborns. Adherence to standard infection control practices is important to prevent transmission of MRSA in nurseries.
Frame P Mutations Increase Expression of Spliced or Intron-Containing ICP 0 Transcripts in Mouse Ganglia Latently Infected with Herpes Simplex Virus

Shun-Hua Chen,* Lily Yeh Lee, David A. Garber,† Priscilla A. Schaffer,‡ David M. Knipe, and Donald M. Coen* Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, Republic of China
SEXUAL ABUSE AND CHILDHOOD TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE: A CASE STUDY ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH OF TRANSSEXUALS IN MALAYSIA

Some studies suggested that transsexuals are suffering Gender Identity Disorder resulted from traumatic experience of sexual abuse during childhood. These traumatic experiences are kept as personal secrets and influenced their upbringing. Their sexual orientation changed towards the opposite sex, and sexual attraction towards the same-sex persons is stronger than towards the opposite sex. Consequently, this sexual orientation undermined their psychological health in the long term. The objective of this paper is to examine the ways in which sexual abuse during childhood causes male victims to change their sexual orientation towards homosexual transsexuals. This study adopted qualitative method using informal, in-depth interviews on five (5) homosexual transsexuals living in Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Four respondents had lived through the time of forcible sexual abuse of oral sex since childhood, while one respondent had sexually abused in his early adulthood. They reported as feeling traumatized and later turn into this behavior as a way of releasing anger and resentment against those who victimized them. This paper concludes that sexual abuse affected psychological health of a person, which may change one's sexual orientation even though he/she is aware that the behavior contradicts the values that he/she and the Malaysian society holds. This study may implicates as a guide for responsible bodies such as the Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development, the Ministry of Health, and researchers, in finding alternative intervention that help transsexuals to recognize their true gender identity, via medical, psychological, spiritual and moral support from the society at large.
Panel Causality Analysis on FDI–Exports–Economic Growth Nexus in First and Second Generation ANIEs

Using panel data from 1981 to 2005, this paper examines the Granger causality relations among GDP, exports and FDI ill the three first generation Asian newly industrializing economies (ANIEs): Korea. Taiwan, Singapore, and in the four second generation ANIEs: Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, in addition to China. After reviewing th e current literature, we construct three variable panel V AR models for the first generation ANIEs, the second generation ANIEs, and finally, all seven economies as a group. We then use the fixed effects model to estimate the panel VAR equations for Granger causality tests. The panel data causality results reveal that there are bidirectional causality relations among all three variables for the three first generation ANIEs, but only statistically weak bidirectional causality between exports and GDP for the four second generation ANIEs. However, when all seven ANIEs are grouped for panel data analysis, we found FDI has unidirectional effects on GDP directly and also indirectly through exports, exports also cause GDP, and there also exists bidirectional causality between exports and GDP for the group. Economic and policy implications of our analyses are then explored in the conclusions.
The Conundrum of Authoritarian Resiliency Hybrid and Nondemocratic Regimes in East Asia

This essay examines the level of public support in four typical authoritarian regimes in East Asia-China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. We found that these regimes still enjoy a relatively high level of public support, with about 70-80 percent of the surveyed citizens supporting their respective political system. It appears that the continued existence of the values of traditional authority in these societies still provides a basis for regime support, with the relatively successful economic performance of these countries playing an additional important role. Economic modernization, however, is eroding the role of traditional political culture in legitimatizing the nondemocratic regimes, with citizens becoming more critical of political authority. This is even more evident when we examine the institutional features that citizens deem to be important to their continued support for their regime, as more and more citizens consider accountability and other democratic qualities of government to evaluate whether they should support their political system.