Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pathways Towards High-Stable, Low-Cost and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been reached the initial value when they emerged as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) in 2012. Immediately, the interests were drawn in this field worldwide. The researchers have improved the efficiency of PSCs up-to 22%, which was originally started from its initial value of 3.8%, just in 7 years. The rendering of long-term stabilization and effective cost have special importance for PSCs since the instability issue remained idle in spite of those recently increased efficiency values attained by various research groups. In this way, the better improvements of PSC may increase extraordinary exhibitions as compared to alternate solar cells like organic solar cell (OSC) or DSSC devices. This chapter begins with a general discussion on the requirement for an economical clean energy conversion device. In s ection 2, fundamental properties of PSC are fit together with their device architecture and working mechanism. In s ection 3 proceeds with a review on fundamental photovoltaic parameters joined by current-voltage hysteresis. Furthermore, the stability and cost issues will be discussed in Sections 4 and 5. In the end of this chapter, we are discussing the challenges and opportunities based on the chapter content.
Water management, hydrological extremes, and society: modeling interactions and phenomena

We present a system-dynamics model to simulate the interplay between water management, hydrological extremes (droughts and floods), and society. We illustrate the potential and limitations of the model with an example application to the Brisbane river basin (Australia). In particular, we test its capability to explain various phenomena that have been empirically observed, including the levee paradox, (mal)adaptation, and supply-demand cycles. To illustrate, we consider four water-management strategies: no actions, in which no measures are adopted to mitigate droughts and floods; fighting floods, in which a levee system is built and raised to cope with flooding; water conservation, in which demand management is implemented to cope with drought; and water exploitation, in which the water supply is increased to cope with drought. Our findings show that changes in flood and drought awareness can help contribute to the emergence of multiple phenomena. Moreover, the outcomes from the proposed coupled-modeling framework indicate that water-management strategies aimed at specific hydrological extremes can in turn shape the severity of opposite natural hazards. Given its explanatory value, the model can contribute to a better interpretation of changes in drought and flood risk and the role of alternative water-management strategies.
Computational analysis of the thermomechanical behavior of lightweight multifunctional photovoltaic sandwich structures

In this study, the thermomechanical behavior of multifunctional (photovoltaic/ aluminum core/ skin) sandwich structures is investigated numerically using the finite element simulation. Parametric studies were performed to determine how the types of boundary conditions and loadings influence the deformed shape (flatness) and temperature of PV sandwich structures with four types of skin materials and three different core structures. High temperature in silicon layer as well as high deviation in flatness are undesirable. The high flatness deviation can lead to high variation in incident angle. Our simulation results show that the CFRP skin provides the smallest flatness deviation followed by steel, aluminum and PLA, respectively. Temperature of silicon layer for the CFRP skin configuration is comparable with that of skin configurations using high thermal conductivity skin materials (aluminum and steel). The reentrant core demonstrates the smallest flatness deviation but approximately the same temperature compared to honeycomb and semi-reentrant cores. Furthermore, introducing a double-skin configuration (PV/ CFRP skin/ aluminum core/ CFRP skin) while maintaining the total thickness of the skin causes no effect on temperature but tends to increase flatness deviation. Therefore, the single-skin configuration (PV/ aluminum reentrant core/ CRFP skin) is a potential candidate for lightweight multifunctional PV sandwich composites.
Passive experimental warming decouples air and sediment temperatures in a salt marsh

Open top chambers (OTCs) are a commonly used passive warming technique in experimental warming studies. OTCs have been shown to be effective in multiple types of terrestrial systems, but their utility in wetland environments remains uncertain. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of using OTCs to warm a temperate salt marsh across diurnal and seasonal cycles. We found that OTCs are effective at warming air temperatures on the marsh, with average air temperatures 1.6 ± 0.007°C and 1.1 ± 0.006°C warmer within the high and low marsh, respectively over a 16‐month period. In contrast, OTCs were ineffective at warming sediments, especially during the day. In fact, sediment temperatures within the OTC were cooler during the day relative to ambient conditions. Such daytime warming of air, but cooling of sediments relative to ambient conditions resulted in a significant decoupling of above and belowground temperatures in the marsh (r = −0.99 and −0.82 on low and high marsh, respectively). Our data indicate that shading by OTCs was responsible for the daytime sediment cooling relative to ambient conditions during most of the year, as incoming solar radiation was reduced by 30% within OTCs. Wet sediments require more energy to heat than the air due to their higher specific heat capacity. Thus, reductions in radiation by OTCs prevented effective warming of sediments, but still allowed for the warming of air. In turn, we conclude that OTCs are not an effective method to experimentally warm tidal marsh sediments.
Model of Entrepreneurship Empowerment of Ex-prisoners based on Digital Marketing in Prison, Cikarang, West Java

: This study aims to produce a model of increasing the capacity of prisoners so that they become entrepreneurs after being free through technological aspects. This research was carried out because the community’s stigma towards former prisoners was still negative so that when prisoners were free from prison, it was challenging to become a worker in the industry. This condition makes it necessary to have knowledge and skills for ex-prisoners to become entrepreneurs. Prison as a place of guidance contributes in terms of skills and knowledge, so the role of prisons ranging from upstream to downstream is to start prisoner empowerment from production to marketing, which currently has a vital role in the technological aspects of marketing activities (digital marketing). The concept used in the research relates to digital marketing, entrepreneurship, and community empowerment because the sustainability aspect is needed in empowerment activities, starting from changing the mindset behavioural of prisoners to become entrepreneurs through education about entrepreneurship and digital marketing. This study uses a qualitative approach that seeks to find deep understanding. It seeks to understand the meaning, values, perceptions, and goals in every action and decision in aspects of human life through observation and in-depth interviews. The results of this study are community empowerment models that provide mentoring instruments, as an essential factor in increasing prisoners’ development capacity by stimulating and moving in a sustainable field. In the end, the formation of awareness activities of prisoners to become entrepreneurs who produce products from the skills obtained in prisons through the website “Lacika Mart” digital marketing as a means of marketing their products. The model creates prisoners with independence through entrepreneurship to increase the capacity in terms of investment for themselves, which can create competitiveness of superior products produced by the community, both nationally and internationally. Another thing is that it can act as active participation as a change agent in the development of human resources.
Bioenergetics in Photosystem I: Time-Resolved Step-Scan FTIR and Visible Spectroscopic Studies of the Secondary Electron Acceptor A1

Time-resolved infrared and visible absorption difference spectroscopy was applied for the study of electron transfer (ET) reactions involving A1, the secondary electron acceptor in photosystem I (PSI). In PSI, the secondary electron acceptor A1 is a phylloquinone (PhQ) molecule. Flash-induced absorption changes at room and cryogenic temperatures in the infrared and visible spectral ranges were probed for PSI with a series of native and non-native quinones in the A1 binding site. Obtained kinetic and spectral data were analyzed for the functional and structural properties of A1 and PSI. Using transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible spectral range, the rates and directionality of ET processes in PSI with modified A1 were determined. A detailed kinetic simulation model was constructed and solved in the context of Marcus ET theory, and midpoint redox potentials of A1 was predicted within a tight range. The transient absorption kinetics for ten different quinones and the kinetic simulation revealed that the wasteful charge recombination process in native PSI occurs in the inverted region. Although inverted-region ET had been widely suggested to be an important mechanism contributing to photosynthetic efficiency, the mechanism had never been demonstrated in any native photosynthetic system. The result presented here is the first demonstration of inverted-region ET in a native photosynthetic reaction center in physiological conditions. Through Marcus theory-based simulation, inverted-region ET is quantitatively shown to be an important mechanism underlying the high efficiency in PSI ET. Time-resolved infrared difference spectroscopy was undertaken using step-scan FTIR technique with a microsecond temporal resolution. Highly-resolved double difference spectrum was constructed to identify infrared bands due to PhQ in the A1 binding site. Assisted by the DFTbased vibrational frequency calculations, vibrational modes due to anionic PhQ were identified. The calculations suggest that PhQ is asymmetrically H-bonded, and that this interaction is especially strong for PhQ, but not for PhQ. Additionally, discrepancies that previously existed between FTIR and EPR studies on PSI with plastoquinone-9 in the A1 site were resolved. A method to incorporate a benzoquinone was established, and (A1 – – A1) FTIR difference spectra for a series of benzoquinones were produced for the first time. INDEX WORDS: Photosynthesis, Photosystem I, Electron transfer, Time-resolved spectroscopy, FTIR, A1, Phylloquinone BIOENERGETICS IN PHOTOSYSTEM I: TIME-RESOLVED STEP-SCAN FTIR AND VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF THE SECONDARY ELECTRON ACCEPTOR A1
Agricultural Production, Traditional Foods and Household Food Insecurity in Rural Kenya: Practice, Perception and Predictors

ABSTRACT Although rural households in Kenya rely on agricultural production for their livelihood, attaining food security is challenging in areas experiencing harsh agro-ecological conditions. We utilized mixed methods research to examine the effect of agricultural production, including that of traditional foods, on household food insecurity in Seme sub-County of Kenya. Study participants believed that traditional foods protected against hunger. However, production of these foods, with the exception of traditional vegetables, was low. Poultry-keeping; cereal/grain, any vegetable and traditional vegetable production; and crop diversity were significantly associated with lower household food insecurity. Vegetable production maintained statistical significance after controlling for other variables.
Cálculo de tiempos de vida útil en dulce de leche elaborado en Ecuador

La preservación de los alimentos a través de los tiempos ha sido necesaria para nuestra supervivencia. Las técnicas de preservación aplicadas en el pasado (salazón, secado, ahumado, calentamiento entendido como cocción, conservación a bajas temperaturas y fermentación) continúan siendo utilizadas en conjunto con otros métodos en la actualidad, y apoyadas en el conocimiento que diferentes disciplinas científicas han aportado al desarrollo en este campo
Anoxia decreases the magnitude of the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus sink in freshwaters

Oxygen availability is decreasing in many lakes and reservoirs worldwide, raising the urgency for understanding how anoxia (low oxygen) affects coupled biogeochemical cycling, which has major implications for water quality, food webs, and ecosystem functioning. Although the increasing magnitude and prevalence of anoxia has been documented in freshwaters globally, the challenges of disentangling oxygen and temperature responses have hindered assessment of the effects of anoxia on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations, stoichiometry (chemical ratios), and retention in freshwaters. The consequences of anoxia are likely severe and may be irreversible, necessitating ecosystem‐scale experimental investigation of decreasing freshwater oxygen availability. To address this gap, we devised and conducted REDOX (the Reservoir Ecosystem Dynamic Oxygenation eXperiment), an unprecedented, 7‐year experiment in which we manipulated and modeled bottom‐water (hypolimnetic) oxygen availability at the whole‐ecosystem scale in a eutrophic reservoir. Seven years of data reveal that anoxia significantly increased hypolimnetic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and altered elemental stoichiometry by factors of 2–5× relative to oxic periods. Importantly, prolonged summer anoxia increased nitrogen export from the reservoir by six‐fold and changed the reservoir from a net sink to a net source of phosphorus and organic carbon downstream. While low oxygen in freshwaters is thought of as a response to land use and climate change, results from REDOX demonstrate that low oxygen can also be a driver of major changes to freshwater biogeochemical cycling, which may serve as an intensifying feedback that increases anoxia in downstream waterbodies. Consequently, as climate and land use change continue to increase the prevalence of anoxia in lakes and reservoirs globally, it is likely that anoxia will have major effects on freshwater carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus budgets as well as water quality and ecosystem functioning.
Assessment to China's Recent Emission Pattern Shifts

Energy and emission data are crucial to climate change research and mitigation efforts. The accuracy of energy statistics is essential for mitigation strategies and evaluating the performance of low carbon energy transition efforts. This study provides the most up‐to‐date emission inventories for China and its provinces for 2018 and 2019. We also update the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission inventories of China and 30 provinces since 2012 based on the newly revised energy statistics. The inventories are compiled in a combined accounting approach of scope 1 (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change territorial emissions from 17 types of fossil fuel combustion and cement production by 47 socioeconomic sectors) and scope 2 (emissions from purchased electricity and heat consumption). The most recent energy revision led to an increase in reported national CO2 emissions by an average of 0.3% from 2014 to 2017. The results show that data revisions raised China's carbon intensity mitigation baseline (in 2005) by 5.1%–10.8% and thus made it more challenging to fulfill the mitigation pledges. However, the 2020 carbon intensity mitigation target was achieved ahead of schedule in 2018. A preliminary estimate of China's national emissions for 2020 shows that the COVID‐19 pandemic and lockdown was not able to offset China's annual increase in CO2 emissions. These emissions inventories provide an improved evidence base for China's policies toward net‐zero emissions.
On the Dependence of Acoustic Pore Shape Factors on Porous Asphalt Volumetrics

The sound absorption of a road pavement depends not only on geometric and volumetric factors but also on pore shape factors. In turn, pore shape factors mainly refer to thermal and viscous factors (i.e., thermal and viscous effects that usually occur inside porous materials). Despite the presence of a number of studies and researches, there is a lack of information about how to predict or estimate pore shape factors. This greatly affects mixture design, where a physical-based or correlation-based link between volumetrics and acoustics is vital and plays an important role also during quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) procedures. Based on the above, the objective of this study is to link mixture volumetrics and pore shape factors. In particular, 10 samples of a porous asphalt concrete were tested in order to estimate their thickness, air voids content (vacuum-sealing method, ASTM D6857/D6857M), sound absorption coefficient (Kundt’s tube, ISO 10354-2), airflow resistivity (ISO 9053-2), and permeability (ASTM PS 129). Subsequently, two models (herein called STIN and JCAL) were used to derive both volumetrics and pore shape factors from the estimated parameters listed above, and statistical analysis was carried out to define correlations among the parameters and models performance. Results confirm the complexity of the tasks and point out that estimates of the pore shape factors can be derived based on mixture volumetrics. Results can benefit researchers (in acoustic and pavement mixtures) and practitioners involved in mix design and pavement acceptance processes.
Clinical Pharmacists’ Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Older Adults

Background: Although pharmacy literature suggests that pharmacists have a positive attitude towards older adults, there is a paucity of studies that have measured pharmacists’ knowledge or attitudes towards older people. The purpose of our study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of hospital pharmacists toward older adults. Methods: An electronic survey was distributed over two months to clinical hospital pharmacists across the province of Alberta, Canada. The survey was composed of two validated tools, the Palmore Facts of Aging Quiz (PFAQ) and Kogan’s Attitude toward Old People Scale (KOPS). PFAQ is scored from 0 (poor knowledge) to 25 (high knowledge) and KOPS from 34 to 204, with higher than 119 indicating a positive attitude. Results: A total of 153 pharmacists completed the survey (response rate of 24%). The mean age was 39 (SD 10.8) years; the average years practiced was 15 (SD 11), and the majority of respondents (n = 65) reported that >50% of patients in their practice were geriatrics. The mean correct responses on the PFAQ were 18.8 (SD 2.6). KOPS had a mean score of 156.8 (SD 14), with only one pharmacist score falling below 119, indicating a negative attitude. There was a statistically significant, positive correlation between attitudes and knowledge (r = 0.38, p < 0.05), as well as the increasing age of the respondents (r = 0.18, p = 0.03). The remaining measured categories (i.e., gender, years of pharmacy practice) had no significant effect. Conclusion: Clinical hospital pharmacists in Alberta have a positive attitude toward geriatric patients, as well as a satisfactory knowledge of older adults.
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) and the Economy-Dynamics of Microgrids: Review, Analysis, and Classification for Standardization of BESSs Applications

The literature on microgrid (MG) studies can be categorized as those that investigated the dynamics or economics of MG systems. Due to the important roles of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in MGs, the BESSs have been involved in both economics and dynamics studies but mostly separately due to the different time constants of studies. Whereas, in the complicated modern MGs, the BESS is the joint point that bridges these two studies. Thus, studying merely one aspect of economy-dynamic without considering the other aspect would not be accurate. To bridge this gap, this paper reviews, analysis and classifies the BESSs applications, based on their time constants, by merging of which helps researchers to develop joint economy-dynamics models that would be the future trend in the field. The classified BESS applications are 1) inertia synthesis, 2) primary frequency response to compensate slow response time of micro-sources (MSs) for load tracking, 3) real-time energy management for the integration of intermittent renewables, 4) economic dispatch and optimal power flow for improving steady-state performance, and 5) slack bus realization. The research gaps and future trends have been discussed throughout the paper and are summarized in the future trend section.
The Voyatzis Mansion in Aegina, Greece: A Historical and Architectural Approach and Physicochemical Documentation of the Wall Painting Decoration

This paper refers to the study of the Voyatzis mansion, in the port of Aegina, Greece. The building complex consists of two discrete structures, which were built at different times (before 1830, 1880 and 1890) and have housed either the Voyatzis family home or its business and work premises. The present research is focused on the documentation of the building, which was never published, and combines the architectural form and elements within its historical context as well as the physicochemical analysis of the painted decoration. The key hypothesis investigated is whether Konstantinos Voyatzis transferred the aesthetic approach and application techniques from Symi to Aegina, when he emigrated from his birthplace. The documentation of the ceiling decoration as well as the physicochemical study of the second floor’s internal wall painting decoration in the main rooms was carried out using in situ modern hyperspectral imaging in specific wavelengths of the visible and near-infrared region, as well as in false color infrared mode. Complementary SWIR imaging, using an InGaAs sensor at the range 900–1700 nm was also applied. The assumption was supported by the findings of the imaging techniques, which showed, apart from the secco method, the use of traditional pigments for the wall paintings, such as cobalt blue, brown, red and yellow earth pigments, chrome oxide green and black, sometimes in admixture with white. The use of guidelines and stencil in the case of the hallway was also recorded.