Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Angular Visual Hardness

Gaussian Simulation Plot: We generate 2000 3-d random vectors from two multivariate normal distribution (1000 for each) and normalize to unit norm, shown in red and green color on the left plot in figure 7. Then these data points are passed as the inputs to a simple multi layer perceptron classification model with one 3⇥ 2 hidden layer. Upon convergence, we compute the AVH scores for each data point. The middle image shows the visualization of AVH scores for all data points, with lighter color representing higher AVH scores. It is obvious that AVH scores for points lying on the intersection of two clusters are higher, which agrees with the intuition that those are hard examples. We also compute the `2 norm of the feature embeddings shown in the right plot. One can see there is no obvious correlation with visually hard examples.
Transformer-less dynamic voltage restorer based on buck-boost converter

In this study, a new topology for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) has been proposed. The topology is inspired by the buck-boost ac/ac converter to produce the required compensation voltage. This topology is able to compensate different voltage disturbances such as sag, swell and flicker without leap of the phase angle. The mass of the proposed topology has been reduced due to lack of injection topology. In addition to, the required compensation energy is directly delivered from the grid through the grid voltage. Therefore, the massive dc-link capacitors are not required to implement. To verify the qualification of the topology, the simulation results by MATLAB/SIMULINK software have been presented. Moreover, an experimental prototype of the case study has been designed and tested.
Muscle dysmorphia: A South African sample

Abstract It has recently been suggested that muscle dysmorphia, a pathological preoccupation with muscularity, is a subtype of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). There are, however, few studies of the phenomenology of this putative entity. Twenty‐eight amateur competitive body builders in the Western Cape, South Africa, were studied using a structured diagnostic interview that incorporated demographic data, body‐building activities and clinical questions focusing on muscle dysmorphia and BDD. There was a high rate of muscle dysmorphia in the sample (53.6%). Those with muscle dysmorphia were significantly more likely to have comorbid BDD based on preoccupations other than muscularity (33%). Use of the proposed diagnostic criteria for muscle dysmorphia indicated that this is a common and relevant entity. Its conceptualization as a subtype of BDD seems valid. The disorder deserves additional attention from both clinicians and researchers.
Observation of global electromagnetic resonances by low- orbiting satellites

Penetration of Schumann resonances energy from the Earth-ionosphere resonance cavity into the circumterrestrial space is examined. This study focuses on estimates of Alfvén wave amplitude and spectra in the frequency range of 7-50 Hz which can be observed by low-orbiting satellites. Differences in Schumann resonances observation conditions between the nighttime and sunlit sides of the ionosphere are analyzed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the ionospheric Alfvén resonator (IAR) excited by both global thunderstorm activity and individual lightning discharges. IAR spectra in the frequency range of 0.5-10 Hz are calculated for ionospheric altitudes. The calculated spectral amplitudes of IAR and Schumann resonances are compatible with C/NOFS satellite observations. To explain a shift of IAR resonant frequencies observed during C/NOFS satellite passage through terminator region, the IAR model is developed in which an interference of Alfvén waves reflected from the ionospheric E-layer and the IAR upper boundary is taken into account.
Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell as a Model for Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Correspondence: Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Rm G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, joewu@stanford.edu. *Contributed equally Author contributions: N.S. performed reprogramming, established iPSCs, characterizations, differentiation, MEA assays, Ca2+ imaging, project planning, experimental design, data analysis, and preparation of manuscript; M.Y. performed patch clamping, Ca2+ imaging, experimental design, data analysis, and preparation of manuscript; E.G.N. performed MEA assays, data analysis, and preparation of manuscript; V.S-F. , S.H. , L.W. , L.H. , R.C. , A.L. , and O.J.A. performed experimental work; J.L. performed AFM; R.E. D, A.P., and M.B. analyzed data and prepared manuscript; E.A. A, R.J.H. , M.T. L. , R.C. R. and J.C. W. designed experiments and prepared manuscript. Competing interests: The authors have no competing interests. Accession numbers: The microarray data can be found at GEO with accession number GSE35108. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Sci Transl Med. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 May 19. Published in final edited form as: Sci Transl Med. 2012 April 18; 4(130): 130ra47. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003552. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy, characterized by ventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction, and progressive heart failure. DCM is the most common diagnosis leading to heart transplantation and places a significant burden on healthcare worldwide. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers an exceptional opportunity for creating disease-specific models, investigating underlying mechanisms, and optimizing therapy. Here we generated cardiomyocytes (CMs) from iPSCs derived from patients of a DCM family carrying a point mutation (R173W) in the gene encoding sarcomeric protein cardiac troponin T. Compared to the control healthy individuals in the same family cohort, DCM iPSCCMs exhibited altered Ca2+ handling, decreased contractility, and abnormal sarcomeric α-actinin distribution. When stimulated with β-adrenergic agonist, DCM iPSC-CMs showed characteristics of failure such as reduced beating rates, compromised contraction, and significantly more cells with abnormal sarcomeric α-actinin distribution. β-adrenergic blocker treatment and overexpression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (Serca2a) improved DCM iPSC-CMs function. Our study demonstrated that human DCM iPSC-CMs recapitulated to some extent the disease phenotypes morphologically and functionally, and thus can serve as a useful platform for exploring molecular and cellular mechanisms and optimizing treatment of this particular disease.
Research on Coronary Heart Disease Indicators——Based on Machine Learning Model

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease is a common and high-risk disease in clinical cardiology. The leading factor of this kind of heart disease is the atherosclerotic lesion of arteria coronary, which can lead to narrow or choke of the vascellum cavity and musculus cardiacus ischemia, anoxia or thanatosis. In this research, a clinical prediction model through artificial intelligence neural network is built, for instance, K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier, Nonlinear SVM, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, XG Boost, Ridge and so on to analyze the influence of each prediction variable on Coronary atherosclerotic heart. It can be observed that using the K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier algorithm the prediction accuracy of breast cancer reaches 90.16%.
Drop shape analysis for determination of dynamic contact angles by double sided elliptical fitting method

Contact angle measurements are a fast and simple way to measure surface properties and is therefore widely used to measure surface energy and quantify wetting of a solid surface by a liquid substance. In common praxis contact angle measurements are done with sessile drops on a horizontal surface fitted to a drop profile derived from the Young-Laplace equation. When measuring the wetting behaviour by tilting experiments this is not possible since it involves moving drops that are not in equilibrium. Here we present a fitting technique capable of determining the contact angle of asymmetric drops with very high accuracy even with blurry or noisy images. We do this by splitting the trace of a drop into a left and right part at the apex and then fit each side to an ellipse.
Understanding the socio-ecological system of small-scale octopus fisheries in North Minahasa to achieve sustainable certification

This study aims to comprehend the challenges and opportunities to implement certification in the small-scale octopus fisheries in North Minahasa through the Socio-ecological System (SES). The background of this research is because Indonesian octopus has a potential for export. However, octopus was listed under concern due to unsustainable fisheries practices. In addition, the export activity must be accompanied by an eco-label certification scheme such as Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Fair Trade (FT). This study used a qualitative case study by online interviews with stakeholders such as fishers, middlemen, exporters, and the government-non government organization. The result was that local actors started to become aware of the octopus improvement program through cooperation with an NGO in a program called Rumah Boboca; hence, it is not ready to implement certification. The recommendation is to support improvement with an octopus national management plan (RPP) and a basic Fishery Improvement Project (FIP).
Cooking with biomass stoves and tuberculosis: a case control study.

OBJECTIVE To search for an association between tuberculosis and use of biomass stoves found recently in a cross sectional study. DESIGN In a case-control study based in a chest referral hospital, the cases were 288 patients with active smear-positive or culture-positive tuberculosis, and the controls were 545 patients with ear nose and throat ailments with no evidence of chest disease studied at the same time as the cases. Exposure to present or previous biomass smoke by history of cooking with traditional wood stoves was assessed by positive or negative response. RESULTS Exposure to biomass smoke was significantly higher in cases than in controls. Crude odds ratios for tuberculosis and biomass smoke exposure were 5.2 (95%CI 3.1-8.9) for current exposure, 3.4 (95%CI 2.4-5.0) for past or present exposure and 1.8 (95%CI 1.1-3.0) for past exposure. The association was observed only for patients living in Metropolitan Mexico City and urban or suburban areas in the center of Mexico providing most cases and controls. For rural areas, the power of the study was low and the origin of the patients heterogeneous. Odds ratio for Mexico City Metropolitan area and the center of Mexico was 2.4 (95%CI 1.04-5.6), adjusted for age, sex, level of education, crowding, smoking, socio-economic level, zone of residence and state of birth. In the same model smoking had an OR of 1.5 (95%CI 1.0-2.3) for tuberculosis. CONCLUSION Our results support a causal role of current domestic biomass smoke exposure in tuberculosis.
Super-resolution imaging with metamaterials

The key area of investigation of this research project was the application of metamaterials to super-resolution optical imaging. Specifically, an optical microscope was proposed to emulate a TIRF-SIM microscope, but using metamaterials to create a structured evanescent field. A metamaterial unit cell design of two ‘H’ shape nano-holes at ±45° to the normal in a gold film, with 50nm feature size was developed and simulated in CST Microwave Studio, able to produce structured evanescent illumination patterns. Although this original design proved unsuccessful, both in terms of fabrication and image reconstruction, an alternative design was developed. Alongside this, in MATLAB an algorithm for SIM image reconstruction using the typical sinusoidal masks was created successfully. Then to accommodate atypical SIM masks, such as those produced by the metamaterials, new approaches to SIM image reconstruction were also developed. These approaches modelled the masks as the sum of sinusoids and as the product of sinusoids. These reconstruction approaches were unsuccessful when using the original metamaterial masks, but were successfully able to reconstruct image with improved resolution, compared to standard SIM, using the alternative metamaterial masks. Moreover, resolution enhancement was demonstrated using six masks instead of the nine or more typically used.
Predicting mortality index for ICU inpatients based on clinical data extracted from electronic health record

Predicting ICU inpatients mortality index needs to be improved to incorporate clinical data. It is also helpful to reflect the patient’s recovery and hospitals standards. In this research machine learning model LightGBM was trained and assessed. This study used a dataset for ICU admissions for adult patients from six countries. And a total of 130,000 patient records were included in the study. The final model achieved AUROC (95% CI) of 0.97, an accuracy of 0.95, and an F1 score of 0.81 on the dataset. Based on results, it is observed that machine learning models with the support of conventional mortality scoring indices can provide a successful and useful model for predicting the outcome of critical and severe cases in the ICU.
Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. IV. Standard composition of the Sun

The chemical composition of the Sun is requested in the context of various studies in astrophysics, among them in the calculation of the standard solar models (SSMs), which describe the evolution of the Sun from the pre-main-sequence to its present age. In this work, we provide a critical re-analysis of the solar chemical abundances and corresponding SSMs. For the photospheric values, we employ new high-quality solar observational data collected with the IAG facility, state-of-the art non-equilibrium modelling, new oscillator strengths, and different atmospheric models, including the MARCS model, but also averages based on Stagger and CO5BOLD 3D radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of stellar convection. We perform new calculations of oscillator strengths for transitions in O I and N I. For O I - the critical element for the interior models - calculations are carried out using several independent methods. We find unprecedented agreement between the new estimates of transition probabilities, thus supporting our revised solar oxygen abundance. We also provide new estimates of the noble gas Ne abundance. We investigate our results in comparison with the previous estimates. We discuss the consistency of our photospheric measurements with meteoritic values taking into account systematic and correlated errors. Finally, we provide revised chemical abundances, leading to a new value of the solar photospheric present-day metallicity $Z/X = 0.0225$, and employ them in the calculations of the SSM. We find that the puzzling mismatch between the helioseismic constraints on the solar interior structure and the model is resolved with the new chemical composition.
Handheld Computers: Smartphone-Centric Wireless Applications

A smartphone is a mobile phone built on a mobile operating system with more advanced computing capability and connectivity than regular or conventional cell phones have [1]. Driven by increasing demands, they have become more popular in our daily life; there are already more than 1.08 billion smartphones around the world [2] and smartphone sales continues to grow. According to a press release by Gartner Inc., worldwide smartphone sales to end users reached 225 million units in the second quarter of 2013 and, for the first time, smartphones account for the majority of global cellphone shipments [3]. In particular, smartphones with Google's Android mobile operating system and Apple's iOS hold more than 93% of the market share [3].
Design of a planar slot tag antennas with circular polarization for ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification applications

Slot radio frequency identification (RFID) Tag antennas designed for ultra‐high frequency (UHF) band are presented. Two orthogonal slots are used to achieve circular polarization (CP). By selecting an appropriate length of feed‐lines, the input impedance of the tag antenna can be controlled. Experimental results show a good reading range between 9 m and 10 m. A wide band CP band was measured. The design procedure for the proposed antennas are described and the performances are presented and discussed.
Lane Detection Methods Survey for Automatic Driving

In realizing automatic driving, environment perception is an important task, and the research of lane detection algorithms occupies the leading position in environment perception. After many years of research on lane detection by researchers, many effective lane detection methods are now available. This article will research and analyze mainstream lane detection methods, including traditional methods and learning-based methods. Later, through an in-depth analysis of these methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are evaluated, and the direction of lane detection is discussed. It is hoped to help choose suitable lane detection methods in different scenes.
Image Data Visualization Using T-SNE for Urban Pavement Disease Recognition

Urban pavement disease recognition is for the most part, a mission performed manually. Recently, video analysis task has been one of the most important applications in various fields. Aims to renovate on the automated vision-based disease recognition and to experiment new methods of road disease detection, this paper analyzes the images took from a city and performed image data visualization of road issues. From image features extracted from histogram of oriented gradient, we perform principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of features. Results are presented by visualizing datapoints using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. The experiment shows that the image data visualization using t-SNE is suitable for the growing field of urban road disease recognition.
Formation of two-dimensional electron gas at AlGaN/GaN heterostructure and the derivation of its sheet density expression

Models for calculating the sheet densities of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) induced by spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization in AlGaN/GaN, AlGaN/AlN/GaN, and GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures are provided. The detailed derivation process of the expression of 2DEG sheet density is given. A longstanding confusion in a very widely cited formula is pointed out and its correct expression is analyzed in detail.
The Health of Nations: Infectious Disease, Environmental Change, and Their Effects on National Security and Development, and: Plagues and Politics: Infectious Disease and International Policy (review)

Over the last decade there has been a profound change in perceptions of the dynamic relationship between humans and disease organisms. Prior to the 1990s, many assumed that technological innovations and economic growth in the global South would eradicate most infectious diseases. More recently, however, a dramatic increase in emerging and reemerging infectious diseases (ERIDs) has led to a reassessment of the microbial threat.The threat received official recognition in April 2000, when the U.S. government officially declared HIV/AIDS a security threat, an event that followed efforts by the State and Defense Departments and the National Intelligence Council to highlight the threat of disease to American security interests.This declaration coincided with an increased journalistic and academic focus on the dangers posed by disease to sociopolitical and economic performance.The product of these efforts include books such as The Coming Plague (Garrett 1994), The Politics of Emerging and Resurgent Infectious Diseases (Whitman 2000), and Diseases of GlobalizaBook Reviews
Inverting The Generator Of A Generative Adversarial Network (II)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) learn a deep generative model that is able to synthesise novel, high-dimensional data samples. New data samples are synthesised by passing latent samples, drawn from a chosen prior distribution, through the generative model. Once trained, the latent space exhibits interesting properties, that may be useful for down stream tasks such as classification or retrieval. Unfortunately, GANs do not offer an "inverse model", a mapping from data space back to latent space, making it difficult to infer a latent representation for a given data sample. In this paper, we introduce a technique, inversion, to project data samples, specifically images, to the latent space using a pre-trained GAN. Using our proposed inversion technique, we are able to identify which attributes of a dataset a trained GAN is able to model and quantify GAN performance, based on a reconstruction loss. We demonstrate how our proposed inversion technique may be used to quantitatively compare performance of various GAN models trained on three image datasets. We provide code for all of our experiments, this https URL
Epigenetic regulation of nuclear processes in fungal plant pathogens

Through the association of protein complexes to DNA, the eukaryotic nuclear genome is broadly organized into open euchromatin that is accessible for enzymes acting on DNA and condensed heterochromatin that is inaccessible. Chemical and physical alterations to chromatin may impact its organization and functionality and are therefore important regulators of nuclear processes. Studies in various fungal plant pathogens have uncovered an association between chromatin organization and expression of in planta-induced genes that are important for pathogenicity. This review discusses chromatin-based regulation mechanisms as determined in the fungal plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae and relates the importance of epigenetic transcriptional regulation and other nuclear processes more broadly in fungal plant pathogens.
Sense of coherence and religion/spirituality: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on a methodical classification of instruments measuring religion/spirituality

The coherence hypothesis assumes that sense of coherence (SOC) explains the positive link between religion/spirituality (R/S) and mental health. The aim of our meta-analysis is to evaluate the evidence for the association between SOC (sensu Antonovsky) and different aspects of R/S and thus to contribute to the verification of the coherence hypothesis. Eighty-nine English- and German-language primarily cross-sectional studies with 67,913 participants met the inclusion criteria. The R/S scales of all included studies were subjected to item-by-item qualitative content analysis in order to determine whether scales do actually measure religion or spirituality and which R/S aspects dominated the instrument. Based on this classification, overall and subgroup meta-analyses were conducted using a random effects model. The adjusted effect size between SOC and all positive R/S measures was r+ = . 120, 95% CI [. 092, . 149]. Particularly significant (r+ < -.180 or > .180) were correlations with negative R/S scales (r+ = -.405, 95% CI [-.476, -.333]), R/S instruments measuring primarily positive emotions (r+ = .212, 95% CI [.170, .253]) or meaning-making (r+ = .196, 95% CI [.126, .265]). Both sample characteristics (age, culture, gender, health status, religious affiliation) and study characteristics (e.g., publication year) had a moderating effect on the R/S-SOC connection. The correlation was particularly high in studies from Southern Asia (r+ = .226, 95% CI [.156, .297]), the African Islamic cultural value zone (r+ = .196, 95% CI [.106, .285]), and in a small subgroup of Iranian studies (r+ = .194, 95% CI [.117, .271]). The results confirm that R/S and SOC are clearly associated and suggest that there are different religious/spiritual pathways to a strong SOC. The strength of the associations presumably depends not only on individual differences, but also on cultural embeddedness and social plausibility of R/S. Trial registration. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021240380. https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? ID = CRD42021240380.