Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ground-based Spectroscopy of the Exoplanet XO-2b Using a Systematic Wavelength Calibration

Exoplanets orbiting close to their host star are expected to support a large ionosphere, which extends to larger pressures than witnessed in our solar system. These ionospheres can be investigated with ground-based transit observations of the optical signatures of alkali metals, which are the source of the ions. However, most ground-based transit spectra do not systematically resolve the wings of the features and continuum, as needed to constrain the alkali abundances. Here we present new observations and analyses of optical transit spectra that cover the Na doublet in the atmosphere of the exoplanet XO-2b. To assess the consistency of our results, observations were obtained from two separate platforms: Gemini/GMOS and Mayall/KOSMOS. To mitigate the systematic errors, we chose XO-2, because it has a binary companion of the same brightness and stellar type, which provides an ideal reference star to model Earth’s atmospheric effects. We find that interpretation of the data is highly sensitive to time-varying translations along the detector, which change according to wavelength and differ between the target and reference star. It was necessary to employ a time-dependent cross-correlation to align our wavelength bins and correct for atmospheric differential refraction. This approach allows us to resolve the wings of the Na line across five wavelength bins at a resolution of ∼1.6 nm and limit the abundance of Na. We obtain consistent results from each telescope with an Na amplitude of 521 ± 161 and 403 ± 186 ppm for GMOS and KOSMOS, respectively. The results are analyzed with a radiative transfer model that includes the effects of ionization. The data are consistent with a clear atmosphere between ∼1 and 100 mbar that establishes a lower limit on Na at ppm ([Na/H] = ), consistent with solar. However, we cannot rule out the presence of clouds at ∼10 mbar that allow for higher Na abundances, which would be consistent with the stellar metallicity measured for the host star ([Na/H] = 0.485 ± 0.043).
Quantitative Susceptibility Inversion Through Parcellated Multiresolution Neural Networks and K-Space Substitution.

Purpose: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) reconstruction is a challenging inverse problem driven by poor conditioning of the field to susceptibility transformation. State-of-art QSM reconstruction methods either suffer from image artifacts or long computation times, which limits QSM clinical translation efforts. To overcome these limitations, a deep-learning-based approach is proposed and demonstrated. Methods: An encoder-decoder neural network was trained to infer susceptibility maps on volume parcellated regions. The training data consisted of fabricated susceptibility distributions modeled to mimic the spatial frequency patterns of in-vivo brain susceptibility distributions. Inferred volume parcels were recombined to form composite QSM. This approach is denoted as ASPEN, standing for Approximated Susceptibility through Parcellated Encoder-decoder Networks. ASPEN performance was evaluated relative to several well-established approaches on a gold-standard challenge dataset and on cohort of 200 study subjects. Results: ASPEN provided similar levels of quantitative accuracy compared to the evaluated established approaches on the gold standard ISMRM Challenge dataset, but qualitatively showed marked reductions in streaking artifacts and map blurring. On the large-cohort dataset, ASPEN achieved the highest score compared with other methods in a multi-rater evaluation of streaking artifacts and map resolution. Conclusion: The proposed ASPEN approach can robustly infer susceptibility maps in near real-time on routine computational hardware. This preliminary study establishes ASPEN's parity with existing approaches for quantitative accuracy on a well-curated gold standard dataset and further demonstrates its robustness to streaking artifacts across a large cohort of subjects.
Energetically optimal cruising motion of robots

A robot motion is cruising when one of the velocities (joint or Cartesian) is at its limit value. When the path of the motion is given (CPC problem) it can be proved that time-optimal motion is realized when at least one of the joint velocities is at its maximum value. Which joint's velocity should be at maximum depends on the position in working space, and the maximum velocity values of joints, and can be determined by simple general method. The authors consider the following problem: The robot end effector centre point should move between two points (PTP problem) for minimum time and also satisfying the conditions of energetical optimality. A motion is energetically optimal when there is no energy lost for not needed changes of kinetic energy of the robot mechanisms. A simple method is given for the determination of minimum time cruising PTP motion. All of the realizable trajectories inside the attainable domain of motion realize minimum time. From these trajectories the energetically optimal can be determined using the dynamic model of robots in Riemann space. As side results, the problem of when the motion on a straight line takes more time than on some other, and energetically optimal motion along a given path, is also solved.
Feedback and control in integrated optics enabled by contactLess integrated photonic probe

We demonstrate non-invasive light observation in silicon photonics with a ContactLess Integrated Photonics Probe (CLIPP), neither introducing appreciable perturbations of the optical field nor requiring photon tapping from the waveguide. Light monitoring with sensitivity down to -30 dBm, across 40 dB dynamic range, in few tens of microseconds, on TE and TM polarizations, and on monomode and multimode waveguides is achieved. Moreover, we show wavelength tuning, locking and swapping of high-Q resonators assisted by the CLIPP that is integrated inside the microring. CLIPP readout and feedback control is managed by a CMOS microelectronic circuit bridged to the silicon photonic chip.
Comparison of the safety between cervical conization and hysterectomy for patients with cervical adenocarcinoma in situ

Objective To compare the safety between cervical conization (CC) alone and hysterectomy for patients with adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the cervix. Methods Patients diagnosed with AIS after CC during 2007–2021 were identified by computerized databases at Women’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. A total of 453 AIS patients were divided into 2 groups according to uterus preservation: hysterectomy group (n=300) and CC(s) alone group (n=153). The prevalence of residual disease and disease recurrence was compared between patients treated by CC(s) alone and hysterectomy. The prevalence of residual disease in specimens from women who had a hysterectomy and repeat CC were compared between positive and negative margins of CC. The factors influencing residual disease and disease recurrence were assessed. Results Among 310 specimens from women who had a hysterectomy or repeat CC, the prevalence of residual disease was 50.6% (45/89) for a positive margin and 2.3% (5/221) for a negative margin (p=0.000). Four patients had recurrence of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in those treated by hysterectomy and one had recurrence of cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in those treated by CC(s) alone. The prevalence of recurrence was 0.7% (1/153) for CC(s) alone and 1.3% (4/300) for hysterectomy (p=0.431). Hysterectomy did not influence residual disease or disease recurrence. Conclusion CC is an efficacious and safe option for patients with AIS of the cervix provided the margin is negative.
SDSS J1335+0118: A New Two-Image Gravitational Lens

We report the discovery of the two-image gravitationally lensed quasar SDSS J1335+0118. The object was selected as a lens candidate from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The imaging and spectroscopic follow-up observations confirm that the system exhibits two gravitationally lensed images of a quasar at z=1.57. The image separation is 1.56''. We also detect an extended component between the two quasar images, likely the lensing galaxy. Preliminary mass modeling predicts the differential time delay \Delta t ~ 30 h^{-1} day assuming the redshift of the lens galaxy is 0.5.
Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity

This article reviews the physics of high-temperature superconductors from the point of view of the doping of a Mott insulator. The basic electronic structure of cuprates is reviewed, emphasizing the physics of strong correlation and establishing the model of a doped Mott insulator as a starting point. A variety of experiments are discussed, focusing on the region of the phase diagram close to the Mott insulator (the underdoped region) where the behavior is most anomalous. The normal state in this region exhibits pseudogap phenomenon. In contrast, the quasiparticles in the superconducting state are well defined and behave according to theory. This review introduces Anderson's idea of the resonating valence bond and argues that it gives a qualitative account of the data. The importance of phase fluctuations is discussed, leading to a theory of the transition temperature, which is driven by phase fluctuations and the thermal excitation of quasiparticles. However, an argument is made that phase fluctuations can only explain pseudogap phenomenology over a limited temperature range, and some additional physics is needed to explain the onset of singlet formation at very high temperatures. A description of the numerical method of the projected wave function is presented, which turns out to be a very useful technique for implementing the strong correlation constraint and leads to a number of predictions which are in agreement with experiments. The remainder of the paper deals with an analytic treatment of the $t\text{\ensuremath{-}}J$ model, with the goal of putting the resonating valence bond idea on a more formal footing. The slave boson is introduced to enforce the constraint againt double occupation and it is shown that the implementation of this local constraint leads naturally to gauge theories. This review follows the historical order by first examining the U(1) formulation of the gauge theory. Some inadequacies of this formulation for underdoping are discussed, leading to the SU(2) formulation. Here follows a rather thorough discussion of the role of gauge theory in describing the spin-liquid phase of the undoped Mott insulator. The difference between the high-energy gauge group in the formulation of the problem versus the low-energy gauge group, which is an emergent phenomenon, is emphasized. Several possible routes to deconfinement based on different emergent gauge groups are discussed, which leads to the physics of fractionalization and spin-charge separation. Next the extension of the SU(2) formulation to nonzero doping is described with a focus on a part of the mean-field phase diagram called the staggered flux liquid phase. It will be shown that inclusion of the gauge fluctuation provides a reasonable description of the pseudogap phase. It is emphasized that $d$-wave superconductivity can be considered as evolving from a stable U(1) spin liquid. These ideas are applied to the high-${T}_{c}$ cuprates, and their implications for the vortex structure and the phase diagram are discussed. A possible test of the topological structure of the pseudogap phase is described.
Dalitz Analysis of Three-body Charmless B0=>K0pi+pi- Decay

We report results of a Dalitz plot analysis of the three-body charmless B 0 → K 0 π + π − decay. The analysis is performed with a data sample that contains 388 million B ¯ B pairs collected near the Υ(4 S ) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e + e − collider. Measurements of branching fractions for the quasi-two-body decays B 0 → ρ (770) 0 K 0 , B 0 → f 0 (980) K 0 , B 0 → K ∗ (892) + π − , B 0 → K ∗ (1430) + π − , and upper limits on several other quasi-two-body decay modes are reported.
Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2A Plays a Central Role in the Regulatory Networks of Cellular Physiopathology

Cell regulatory networks are the determinants of cellular homeostasis. Any alteration to these networks results in the disturbance of cellular homeostasis and induces cells towards different fates. Myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) is one of four members of the MEF2 family of transcription factors (MEF2A-D). MEF2A is highly expressed in all tissues and is involved in many cell regulatory networks including growth, differentiation, survival and death. It is also necessary for heart development, myogenesis, neuronal development and differentiation. In addition, many other important functions of MEF2A have been reported. Recent studies have shown that MEF2A can regulate different, and sometimes even mutually exclusive cellular events. How MEF2A regulates opposing cellular life processes is an interesting topic and worthy of further exploration. Here, we reviewed almost all MEF2A research papers published in English and summarized them into three main sections: 1) the association of genetic variants in MEF2A with cardiovascular disease, 2) the physiopathological functions of MEF2A, and 3) the regulation of MEF2A activity and its regulatory targets. In summary, multiple regulatory patterns for MEF2A activity and a variety of co-factors cause its transcriptional activity to switch to different target genes, thereby regulating opposing cell life processes. The association of MEF2A with numerous signaling molecules establishes a central role for MEF2A in the regulatory network of cellular physiopathology.
Absolute calibration of a total yield indium activation detector for DD and DT neutrons

Progress in Z‐pinch experiments at Sandia’s Saturn facility have underscored a need for an absolute yield measurement for DD fusion neutrons. The technique chosen for making this absolute yield measurement was neutron activation of indium metal samples. To calibrate the technique, a 175‐keV deuteron beam was allowed to impinge on a 3.0‐μm‐thick erbium deuteride target, producing neutrons through the 2H(d,n)3He fusion reaction. The neutron flux produced at 0° and incident on nominal 5‐g indium samples was determined by the associated particle method. This method employed protons measured from the 2H(d,p)3H reaction to infer the neutron flux produced. After neutron irradiation, the activity of the indium samples was measured with a Ge gamma‐ray detector. The total activity of the metastable state 115mIn (336.23 keV) was measured, compared with the total incident flux, and a calibration factor (indium counts/neutron/gram of indium) determined. For completeness, a calibration factor for DT neutrons from the 3.
The Effect of Cash on Delivery, Online Consumer Rating and Reviews on the Online Product Purchase Decisions

– The aims of the study were to analyze the factors that influence the online purchase decision, such as cash on delivery service, consumer online rating, and review. This study took 100 samples by using the accidental sampling technique. The data analysis technique used in this study was descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The study results showed that 1) there was a significant and positive effect of cash on delivery service on the online purchase decision partially, 2) consumer online rating and review had a significant and positive effect on the online purchase decision partially, 3) there was the significant and positive effect of cash on delivery service, consumer online rating, and review on the online purchase decision simultaneously.
Further explorations of Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mass formulas. III: Role of particle-number projection

Starting from HFB-6, we have constructed a new mass table, referred to as HFB-8, including all the 9200 nuclei lying between the two drip lines over the range of Z and N{>=}8 and Z{<=}120. It differs from HFB-6 in that the wave function is projected on the exact particle number. Like HFB-6, the isoscalar effective mass M{sub s}* is constrained to the value 0.80M and the pairing is density independent. The rms errors of the mass-data fit is 0.635 MeV, i.e. better than almost all our previous HFB mass formulas. The extrapolations of this new mass formula out to the drip lines do not differ significantly from the previous HFB-6 mass formula.
EUVE spectroscopy of epsilon Canis Majoris (B2 II) from 70 to 730 A

We present spectra of the brightest stellar source of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation longward of 400 A, the B2 II star, epsilon CMa. These data were taken with the three spectrometers aboard the NASA Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer satellite (EUVE) during the first cycle of pointed observations. We report on our initial studies of the continuum and line spectrum of the stellar photosphere in the 320 to 730 A region, and on the wind emission lines observed in the 170-375 A region. This is the first EUV spectrum of an early-type star, and thus makes epsilon CMa the most comprehensively observed B star from the X-ray to infrared regimes. The radiation in both the H Lyman continuum and He I continuum (shortward of 504 A) are found to be significantly greater than predicted by both Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE model atmospheres. Since epsilon CMa also exhibits a mid-infrared excess, this points to the outer layers being warmer than the models indicate. The anomalously large Lyman continuum flux, combined with the very low column density measured in the direction toward this star implies that it is the dominant source of hydrogen ionization of the local interstellar medium in the immediate vicinity of the sun. All of the lines predicted to be strong from model atmospheres are present and several wind absorption features are also identified. We have detected emission lines from highly ionized iron that are consistent with the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations if a multi-temperature emission model is used, and the assumption is made that there is significant absorption beyond that of the neutral phase of the ISM. The spectrum shows strong O III 374 A line emission produced by the Bowen flourescence mechanism, which has not previously been observed in the spectra of hot stars.
A Novel Epilepsy Detection Method Based on Feature Extraction by Deep Autoencoder on EEG Signal

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are the gold standard tool for detecting epileptic seizures. Long-term EEG signal monitoring is a promising method to realize real-time and automatic epilepsy detection with the assistance of computer-aided techniques and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices. Machine learning (ML) algorithms combined with advanced feature extraction methods have been widely explored to precisely recognize EEG signals, while among which, little attention has been paid to high computing costs and severe information losses. The lack of model interpretability also impedes the wider application and deeper understanding of ML methods in epilepsy detection. In this research, a novel feature extraction method based on an autoencoder (AE) is proposed in the time domain. The architecture and mechanism are elaborated. In this method, specified features are defined and calculated on the basis of signal reconstruction quantification of the AE. The EEG recognition is performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed detection method, and the prediction accuracy reached 97%. To further investigate the superiority of the proposed AE-based feature extraction method, a widely used feature extraction method, PCA, is allocated for comparison. In order to understand the underlying working mechanism, permutation importance and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are conducted for model interpretability, and the results further confirm the reasonability and effectiveness of the extracted features by AE reconstruction. With high computing efficiency in the time domain and an extensively satisfactory accuracy, the proposed epilepsy detection method exhibits great superiority and potential in almost real-time and automatic epilepsy monitoring.
Parity-violating electroweak asymmetry in $\vec{e} p$ scattering

We have measured the parity-violating electroweak asymmetry in the elastic scattering of polarized electrons from protons. Significant contributions to this asymmetry could arise from the contributions of strange form factors in the nucleon. The measured asymmetry is A = −15.05 ± 0.98(stat) ± 0.56(syst) ppm at the kinematic point 〈θlab〉 = 12.3 and 〈Q2〉 = 0.477 (GeV/c)2. Based on these data as well as data on electromagnetic form factors, we extract the linear combination of strange form factors GE + 0.392G s M = 0.014 ± 0.020 ± 0.010 where the first error arises from this experiment and the second arises from the electromagnetic form factor data. This paper provides a full description of the special experimental techniques employed for precisely measuring the small asymmetry, including the first use of a strained GaAs crystal and a laser-Compton polarimeter in a fixed target parity-violation experiment. PACS numbers: 13.60. Fz; 11.30. Er; 13.40. Gp; 14.20. Dh Electronic address: finn@physics.wm. edu Now at: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 USA Now at: University of Chicago, IL, 60637, USA Electronic address: souder@phy.syr. edu
Averaged run-and-tumble walks

A random walk consisting of a run phase at constant speed interrupted by tumble events is analyzed and analytically solved for arbitrary time distributions. A general expression is given for the Laplace-Fourier transform of the probability density function and for the mean square displacement averaging over initial conditions. Run-and-tumble bacteria and Lévy walks are considered as particular cases. The effects of an underlying Brownian noise are also discussed. Derived expressions can be used for a direct comparison with experimentally measured quantities.
A Very Hot High-Redshift Cluster of Galaxies: More Trouble for Ω0 = 1

We have observed the most distant (z = 0.829) cluster of galaxies in the Einstein Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) with the ASCA and ROSAT satellites. We find an X-ray temperature of 12.3+ 3.1−2.2 keV for this cluster, and the ROSAT map reveals significant substructure. The high temperature of MS 1054-0321 is consistent with both its approximate velocity dispersion, based on the redshifts of 12 cluster members that we have obtained at the Keck and the Canada-France-Hawaii telescopes, and with its weak lensing signature. The X-ray temperature of this cluster implies a virial mass ~7.4 × 1014 h-1 M☉, if the mean matter density in the universe equals the critical value (Ω0 = 1), or larger if Ω0 < 1. Finding such a hot, massive cluster in the EMSS is extremely improbable if clusters grew from Gaussian perturbations in an Ω0 = 1 universe. Combining the assumptions that Ω0 = 1 and that the intial perturbations were Gaussian with the observed X-ray temperature function at low redshift, we show that this probability of this cluster occurring in the volume sampled by the EMSS is less than a few times 10-5. Nor is MS 1054-0321 the only hot cluster at high redshift; the only two other z > 0.5 EMSS clusters already observed with ASCA also have temperatures exceeding 8 keV. Assuming again that the initial perturbations were Gaussian and Ω0 = 1, we find that each one is improbable at the less than 10-2 level. These observations, along with the fact that these luminosities and temperatures of the high-z clusters all agree with the low-z LX-TX relation, argue strongly that Ω0 < 1. Otherwise, the initial perturbations must be non-Gaussian, if these clusters' temperatures do indeed reflect their gravitational potentials.