Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Expression Studies of Schizophrenic Brain: A Meta-Analysis Study Linking Neurological Immune System with Psychological Disorders

: Schizophrenia, a psychological disorder with enormous societal impact, is a result of abnormalities in gene expression and dysregulation of the immune response in the brain. Few studies have been conducted to understand its etiology, however, the exact molecular mechanism largely remains unknown, though some poorly understood theories abound. Present meta-study links the role of central nervous system, immunological system and psychological disorders by using global expression approach and pathway analysis. We retrieved genome-wide mRNA expression data and clinico-pathological information from five independent studies of schizophrenic patients from Gene Expression Omnibus database. We continued further with three studies having common platform. Our result showed a total of 527 differentially expressed genes of which 314 are up regulated and 213 are down regulated. After adjusting the sources of variation, we carried out pathway and gene ontology analysis, and observed alteration of 14-3-3-mediated signaling, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor signaling, role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells in regulation of the immune response, G beta gamma signaling, dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of relative molecular mass 32,000 feedback in cAMP signaling, complement system, axonal guidance signaling, dendritic cell maturation, cAMP response element-binding protein signaling in neurons and interleukin-1 signaling pathways and networks. Conclusively, our global gene expression pathway and gene set enrichment analysis studies suggest disruption of many common pathways and processes, which links schizophrenia to immune and central nervous system. Present meta-study links the role of central nervous system, immunological system and psychological disorders by using global expression approach and pathway analysis.
The Health Diary Telemonitoring and Hospital-Based Home Care Improve Quality of Life Among Elderly Multimorbid COPD and Chronic Heart Failure Subjects

Background: Elderly, multimorbid patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or chronic heart failure (CHF) exhibit poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Telemonitoring, based on digital pen technology, supported by hospital-based home care (HBHC) signi ﬁ cantly reduces the number of hospitalizations. We hypothesized that the same intervention would prevent the deterioration of HRQoL that follows upon disease progression. Methods: Elderly computer-illiterate subjects with ≥ 2 hospitalizations the previous year were included. HRQoL was assessed at inclusion (baseline) and at 1, 6 and 12 months employing EuroQol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) and RAND-36 for general HRQoL, and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and St. Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) for disease-speci ﬁ c HRQoL. Healthcare contacts, hospitalizations, as-needed medications, prescription changes and healthcare costs were registered. Results: Ninety-four patients were enrolled of which 53 subjects completed the 12-month study period. Compared to baseline, most domains of RAND-36 were improved signi ﬁ cantly at 1 time-point or more. Only among COPD subjects, the disease-speci ﬁ c HRQoL was worsened at the 12 month evaluation. Measures of healthcare dependency were associated with poor HRQoL. Conclusion: The Health Diary system and HBHC together improve general HRQoL, and measures of healthcare dependency are associated with HRQoL variables. t
Platelets enhance the ability of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells to promote cancer metastasis

Background: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been identified to be closely associated with cancer progression. Our previous experimental results showed that BM-MSCs promote tumor growth and metastasis of gastric cancer through paracrine-soluble cytokines or exosomes. However, the elements that affect the role of BM-MSCs in promoting tumor metastasis are not clear. It is known that thrombocytosis in cancer patients is very com-mon. Recently, platelets are recognized to play a critical role in tumor progression. Purpose: This study aims to observe the effect of BM-MSCs which were co-cultured with platelets on tumor cell metastasis. Methods: Platelet aggregation rate and the expression of P-selectin of platelets co-incubated with conditioned medium of SGC-7901 cells and BM-MSCs were detected by flow cytometry and platelet aggregometer. We also analyzed the change of BM-MSCs after co-incubation with platelets or platelets which were treated with SGC-7901 cells using transwell assay and Western blot analysis. The proliferation and migration ability and expression of VEGF, c-Myc, and sall-4 in SGC-7901 cells treated with medium of BM-MSCs which were co-cultured with platelets were detected. SGC-7901 cells were injected into Balb/c nude mice and the extent of lung metastasis was observed. Both in vitro and in vivo assays were used to analyze the effect of platelets on enhancing the ability of BM-MSCs to promote cancer metastasis. Results: Results suggested that BM-MSCs and tumor cells can promote platelet aggregation rate and the expression of P-selectin. The protein levels of α -smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and fibroblast activation protein in BM-MSCs were higher after co-incubation with platelets, and SB431542 was used to confirm the effect of TGF- β on transdifferentiation of BM-MSCs into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Medium of BM-MSCs treated with platelets enhanced the proliferation and migration ability of SGC-7901 cells. More lung metastases were found in mice which were injected with SGC-7901 cells treated with conditioned medium from BM-MSCs co-incubated with platelets. Conclusion: Tumor cells and BM-MSCs activate platelets which can change the character-istics of BM-MSCs through secretion of TGF- β . Moreover, we found that platelets enhanced the effect of BM-MSCs on tumor metastasis, which suggested a potential target and approach for gastric cancer therapy.
Survey Confirms Coral Reefs Are in Peril

A new census of key coral reef inhabitants shows that they are in terrible shape. Spiny lobsters and bumphead parrotfish have disappeared from most of the surveyed reefs they were known to inhabit, as have Nassau groupers, a favorite food fish in the Caribbean. Even moray eels seem to be suffering, according to a 5-year survey of the world9s coral reefs by scientists and some 5000 volunteer scuba divers and local fishers.
COPD patients hospitalized with exacerbations have greater cognitive impairment than patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure

Purpose: People with COPD have cognitive dysfunction, which is greater in those hospitalized for exacerbations than in stable outpatients. We tested the hypothesis that cognitive dysfunction at exacerbation is a disease-specific feature of COPD, rather than a nonspecific feature of hospitalization for acute illness, by comparing cognition between patients hospitalized for acute COPD exacerbations and those with worsening heart failure (HF). Patients and methods: A total of 40 hospital inpatients were recruited, 20 patients with COPD exacerbations and 20 patients with congestive or left-sided HF. Exclusion criteria included previous stroke, known neurological disease, and marked alcohol excess. Participants completed the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and underwent spirometry and review of clinical records. Results: Age (mean ± SD, COPD 73 ± 10; HF 76 ± 11 years), acute illness severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE]-II, COPD 15.4 ± 3.5; HF 15.9 ± 3.0), comorbidities (Charlson index, COPD 1.3 ± 1.9; HF 1.6 ± 1.5), and educational background were similar between COPD and HF groups. MoCA total was significantly lower in COPD than in HF (COPD 20.6 ± 5.6; HF 24.8 ± 3.5, P = 0.007); however, significance was lost after correction for age, sex, and pack year smoking history. When compared with HF patients, the COPD cohort performed worse on the following domains of the MoCA: visuospatial function (median [IQR], COPD 0 [1]; HF 2 [1], P = 0.003), executive function (COPD 2 [1]; HF 3 [1], P = 0.035), and attention (COPD 4 [3]; HF 6 [2], P = 0.020). Age ( P = 0.012) and random glucose concentration ( P = 0.041) were associated with cognitive function in whole group analysis, with pack year smoking history reaching borderline significance ( P = 0.050). Conclusion: Total MoCA score for COPD and HF indicated that both groups had mild cognitive impairment, although this was greater in people with COPD. Mechanisms underlying the observed cognitive dysfunction in COPD remain unclear but appear related to blood glucose concentrations and greater lifetime smoking load.
A comparison of health disparities among transgender adults in Colorado (USA) by race and income

ABSTRACT Transgender individuals face heightened risks for discrimination, harassment, and violence that impact their psychosocial well-being and physical health. However, few studies have thoroughly examined the general physical and mental health of transgender adults or within-group health differences by race/ethnicity and income. To that end, after controlling for health insurance status, age, and engagement in exercise, this study asks: (a) Are transgender people of color more likely than White transgender individuals to experience poor health outcomes? and (b) Is lower annual household income among transgender adults associated with poorer health outcomes? The study analyzes secondary data from a survey of transgender adults (N = 417) in one state in the western United States using multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. Results showed that transgender people of color had significantly greater odds than their White counterparts of having arthritis/rheumatoid arthritis/gout/lupus/fibromyalgia, or asthma but lower odds of being told by a provider that they had depression. Having a lower income was significantly associated with worse general health as well as multiple indicators of poor physical and mental health, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. We discuss implications for health care delivery for transgender people and for future research.
relationship between subtypes and symptoms of aDhD, insomnia, and nightmares in connection with quality of life in children

Objectives: This study examined the links between sleep disorders and subtypes of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-inattention, ADHD-combined, ADHD-hyperactive/ impulsive) in childhood. We set up a hypothetical model linking different symptoms of both disorders to construct the underlying and shared pathways. By examining a sample of children with ADHD we firstly tested parts of the model. Methods: A total of 72 children with symptoms of ADHD (aged 6–13 years; 79.2% boys) were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition and the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition in regards to ADHD and sleep disorders via standardized parent-rated questionnaires. Additionally, quality of life (QoL) was assessed. Overall, 46 children fulfilled the criteria of ADHD and were medication-naive. Results: On average, the whole sample had clinically elevated total scores of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire in the validated German version (CSHQ-DE), indicating an increased prevalence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD. In accordance to our hypothetical model, children with primarily hyperactive–impulsive ADHD showed the highest CSHQ-DE scores. Moreover, we found a high impact for insomnia in this subgroup and a high comorbid load for the mutual occurrence of insomnia and nightmares. Furthermore, QoL was reduced in our whole sample, and again intensified in children with comorbid insomnia and nightmares. Conclusion: We verified an elevated occurrence of sleep disorders in children with ADHD and were able to link them to specific subtypes of ADHD. These results were in line with our hypothetical model. Moreover, we found a clinically reduced QoL in mean for the whole sample, indicating the strong impact of ADHD in the lives of affected children, even intensified if children exhibited comorbid insomnia and nightmares. These results should be kept in mind regarding the treatment and therapy of this subgroup of children. Specific treatment strategies should be considered for these children.
Individual and community-level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men: Further analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Yohannes Tekalegn (  yohannesefa@gmail.com ) Madda Walabu University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6628-8180 Zinash Teferu Engida Madda Walabu University Biniyam Sahiledengle Madda Walabu University Heather L. Rogers Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute Kenbon Seyoum Madda Walabu University Demelash Woldeyohannes Wachemo University Birhan Legese Ambo University Tadesse Awoke Ayele University of Gondar
Prognostic role of hsF1 overexpression in solid tumors: a pooled analysis of 3,159 patients

Background and objective: HSF1 is reported to be overexpressed in various solid tumors and play a pivotal role in cancer progression. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the potential prognostic role of HSF1 in patients with solid tumors. Methods: An extensive electronic search of three databases was performed for relevant articles. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios with their corresponding 95% CI were calculated with a random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also conducted. Results: A total of 3,159 patients from 10 eligible studies were included into the analysis. The results showed that positive HSF1 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in all tumors (HR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.62–2.70; P , 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that there was a significant association between HSF1 overexpression and poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (HR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.21–2.77; P = 0.004), breast cancer (BC) (HR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.24–2.86; P , 0.001), hepatocellular carcinoma (HR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.77–5.18; P , 0.001), non-small-cell lung cancer (HR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.20–3.99; P = 0.01), and pancreatic cancer (HR = 2.58; 95% CI: 1.11–6.03; P = 0.03) but not in osteosarcoma (HR = 1.58; 95% CI: 0.47–5.35; P = 0.46). In addition, HSF1 overexpression was significantly associated with some phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness including TNM stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. Conclusion: HSF1 overexpression may prove to be an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for solid tumor patients.
Atypical antipsychotics: new directions and new challenges in the treatment of schizophrenia.

"Atypical" antipsychotics represent a new generation of antipsychotics with a significantly lower incidence of extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), as well as little or no effect on prolactin elevation. These advantages constitute a major improvement in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. The exact mechanisms that make these drugs atypical is not clear. However, a preferential action on serotonin 5-HT2 or D4 receptors, or a more rapid dissociation from the dopamine D2 receptor, may account for atypicality. Although the atypical antipsychotics have overcome EPS, other side effects such as weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance/lipid abnormalities have come to the fore. Thus, the challenges are far from over. The current atypicals are much more effective against the psychosis of schizophrenia than against the other, more enduring aspects of this disorder, e.g. negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. At present, the atypicals use a "pharmacological shotgun" strategy to treat aspects of the disease in all patients. A more sophisticated and perhaps effective approach to schizophrenia may lie in independently targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms of each clinical dimension (i.e. positive, negative, cognitive, and affective) with more selective drugs that can be combined and individually titrated to the needs of each patient.
The Origin of Systematic Errors in the GCM Simulation of ITCZ Precipitation over Oceans

This study provides explanations for some of the experimental findings of Chao (2000) and Chao and Chen (2001) concerning the mechanisms responsible for the ITCZ in an aqua-planet model. These explanations are then applied to explain the origin of some of the systematic errors in the GCM simulation of ITCZ precipitatin over oceans. The ITCZ systematic errors are highly sensitive to model physics and by extension model horizontal resolution. The findings in this study along with those of Chao (2000) and Chao and Chen (2001, 2004) contribute to building a theoretical foundation for ITCZ study. A few possible methods of alleviating the systematic errors in the GCM simulaiton of ITCZ are discussed. This study uses a recent version of the Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office's Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS-5) GCM.
comparison of FOlFOX and DOF regimens as first-line treatment in East Asian patients with advanced gastric cancer

Background: Our study retrospectively assesses the safety and efficacy of the FOLFOX (oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin) versus DOF (docetaxel, oxaliplatin, and fluorouracil) regimens in untreated locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Patients and methods: A total of 108 patients underwent DOF (N = 58) and FOLFOX (N = 50) regimens. The end points were overall response rate (ORR), survival, and toxicity. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to estimate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and Cox regression for multivariate analysis. Results: The ORRs were 50% for DOF and 30% for FOLFOX groups ( P , 0.05), and disease control rates were 91.4% and 72%, respectively. The median PFS and OS in DOF group were significantly better than FOLFOX group (8.2 versus 6.4 months, P , 0.05; 16.3 versus 11.2 months, P , 0.001). Both groups showed acceptable toxicity; all grades and grade 3–4 toxicity had no significant differences ( P = 0.071; P = 0.247). However, the incidence of grade 3–4 peripheral neuropathy was significantly higher in DOF group (10.3% versus 2%, P , 0.05). In the subgroup analysis for elderly AGC patients ( $ 65 years), administration of DOF also resulted in a superior PFS (8.5 versus 5.9 months; P = 0.038) and OS (15.3 versus 9.8 months; P = 0.004) compared with FOLFOX. However, DOF regimen was associated with more neutropenia (67% versus 30%; P , 0.05), thrombocytopenia (61% versus 52%; P , 0.05), and peripheral neuropathy (49% versus 22%; P , 0.05). Conclusion: DOF regimen was more effective than FOLFOX for AGC, both in younger and older patients. The adverse effects of the two regimens were manageable. The combination of docetaxel/oxaliplatin/fluorouracil was active and well tolerated in AGC patients and deserves further evaluation. However, for elderly patients with AGC, the DOF regimen was associated with worse toxicities; therefore, the FOLFOX regimen might be a more suitable option.
nutritional variables predict chances of returning home and activities of daily living in post-acute geriatric care

Background: Little is known about the association between malnutrition and the chances of returning home from post-acute facilities in older adult patients. This study aimed to understand whether malnutrition and malnutrition-related factors would be determinants for returning home and activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge after post-acute care. Methods: Patients aged $ 65 years living at home before the onset of an acute disease and admitted to a post-acute ward were enrolled (n = 207) in this prospective observational study. Malnutrition was defined based on the criteria of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Nutritional parameters included the nutritional intake at the time of admission and oral conditions evaluated by the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT). The Barthel Index was used to assess daily activities. A Cox regression analysis of the length of stay was performed. Multivariable linear regression analyses to determine associations between malnutrition, returning home, and ADL at discharge were performed, after adjusting the variables of acute care setting. Results: The mean patient age was 84.7 ± 6.7 years; 38% were men. European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism-defined malnutrition was observed in 129 (62.3%) patients, and 118 (57.0%) of all patients returned home. Multivariable regression analyses showed that malnutrition was a negative predictor of returning home (hazard ratio: 0.517 [0.351–0.761], p = 0.001), and an increase in the nutritional intake (kcal/kg/d) was a positive predictor of the Barthel Index at discharge (coefficient: 0.34 ± 0.15, p = 0.021). The OHAT was not associated with returning home and ADL. Conclusion: Malnutrition and nutritional intake are associated with returning home and ADL at discharge, respectively, after post-acute care. Further studies investigating the effects of a nutritional intervention for post-acute patients would be necessary. The revealed that ESPEN-defined malnutrition poor of home and 2) at to a higher ADL at discharge.
Phosphorylated Ribosomal Protein S6 Is Required for Akt-Driven Hyperplasia and Malignant Transformation, but Not for Hypertrophy, Aneuploidy and Hyperfunction of Pancreatic β-Cells

Constitutive expression of active Akt (Akttg) drives hyperplasia and hypertrophy of pancreatic β-cells, concomitantly with increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance, and at a later stage the development of insulinoma. To determine which functions of Akt are mediated by ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), an Akt effector, we generated mice that express constitutive Akt in β-cells in the background of unphosphorylatable ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6P-/-). rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency failed to block Akttg-induced hypertrophy and aneuploidy in β-cells, as well as the improved glucose homeostasis, indicating that Akt carries out these functions independently of rpS6 phosphorylation. In contrast, rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency efficiently restrained the reduction in nuclear localization of the cell cycle inhibitor p27, as well as the development of Akttg-driven hyperplasia and tumor formation in β-cells. In vitro experiments with Akttg and rpS6P-/-;Akttg fibroblasts demonstrated that rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency leads to reduced translation fidelity, which might underlie its anti-tumorigenic effect in the pancreas. However, the role of translation infidelity in tumor suppression cannot simply be inferred from this heterologous experimental model, as rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency unexpectedly elevated the resistance of Akttg fibroblasts to proteotoxic, genotoxic as well as autophagic stresses. In contrast, rpS6P-/- fibroblasts exhibited a higher sensitivity to these stresses upon constitutive expression of oncogenic Kras. The latter result provides a possible mechanistic explanation for the ability of rpS6 phosphorylation deficiency to enhance DNA damage and protect mice from Kras-induced neoplastic transformation in the exocrine pancreas. We propose that Akt1 and Kras exert their oncogenic properties through distinct mechanisms, even though both show addiction to rpS6 phosphorylation.