Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem management: The U.S. forest service's response to social conflict

The U.S. Forest Service has adopted ecosystem management, a concept mired in conceptual imprecision, as its new management direction. This article first argues that the agency's adoption of ecosystem management as a policy direction is an attempt by the agency to resolve a state of perpetual conflict that has resulted from its historical emphasis on timber production and neglect of issues relevant to a constituency not oriented to commodity production. Several propositions drawn from conflict theory illustrate the nature of this conflict between the agency and its constituencies. Second, this article contends that the agency's inability to respond to its changing constituencies is due in part to the formal educational process that emphasized the technical aspects of forestry management while neglecting issues of social choice.
Measurement of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 in the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk

Measurement of lipoprotein (a) enzyme is a distinct laboratory test. Measurement of lipoprotein (a) enzyme is addressed in Blue Shield of California Medical Policy: Novel Biomarkers in Risk Assessment and Management of Cardiovascular Disease, and genetic testing for lipoprotein (a) variants is addressed in Blue Shield of California Medical Policy: Genetic Testing for Lipoprotein(a) Variant(s) as a Decision Aid for Aspirin Treatment.
histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells by regulation of the MDM2–p53 signaling

: Histone deacetylase inhibitors have been reported to induce tumor cell growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of one histone deacetylase inhibitor – sodium butyrate (SB) – on osteosarcoma (OS) cell proliferation and apoptosis and also the molecular mechanisms by which SB exerts regulatory effects on OS cells. U2OS and MG63 cells were treated with SB at various concentrations. Then, cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assays, respectively; the expression of Ki67, Bax, Bcl-2, MDM2, and p53 proteins was determined by using Western blot assay. The results showed that SB suppressed proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner and promoted apoptosis of OS cells. In addition, SB enhanced p53 expression and decreased MDM2 expression, indicating that SB can regulate MDM2–p53 feedback loop. p53 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis, whereas MDM2 promoted proliferation and suppressed apoptosis, which indicated that functional effect of SB on OS cell lines at least in part depended on the MDM2–p53 signaling. We also explored the effect of SB on OS cells in vivo and found that SB suppressed the growth of OS cells with no noticeable effect on activity and body weight of mice in vivo. These findings will offer new clues for OS development and progression and offer SB as a potent targeted agent for OS treatment.
Dysfunction of cAMP-PKA-calcium signaling axis in striatal medium spiny neurons: a role in schizophrenia and Huntington’s disease neuropathology

Background Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are preferentially lost in Huntington’s disease. Genomic studies also implicate a direct role for MSNs in schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder known to involve cortical neuron dysfunction. It remains unknown whether the two diseases share similar MSN pathogenesis or if neuronal deficits can be attributed to cell type-dependent biological pathways. Transcription factor BCL11B, which is expressed by all MSNs and deep layer cortical neurons, was recently proposed to drive selective neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease and identified as a candidate risk gene in schizophrenia. Using human stem cell-derived neurons lacking BCL11B as a model, we investigated cellular pathology in MSNs and cortical neurons in the context of these disorders. Integrative analyses between differentially expressed transcripts and published GWAS datasets identified cell type-specific disease-related phenotypes. We uncover a role for BCL11B in calcium homeostasis in both neuronal types, while deficits in mitochondrial function and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent calcium transients are detected only in MSNs. Moreover, BCL11B-deficient MSNs display abnormal responses to glutamate and fail to integrate dopaminergic and glutamatergic stimulation, a key feature of striatal neurons in vivo . Gene enrichment analysis reveals overrepresentation of disorder risk genes among BCL11B-regulated pathways, primarily relating to cAMP-PKA-calcium signaling axis and synaptic signaling.
Development and feasibility testing of a theory-based intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among Central Appalachian adolescents

s to determine whether they appeared to meet key inclusion criteria and then met to resolve discrepancies and reach consensus. Subsequent review of citation lists of recent systematic reviews1, 4, 5, 2629 and eligible studies also yielded 68 unique companion articles, which described additional aspects of eligible interventions. Figure 1 details the systematic process of identification of studies eligible for inclusion in this review. Eligible articles were reviewed and coded by one of the authors using a previously validated 21-item RE-AIM extraction tool.43-44 The 21 items of the extraction tool represented indicators of the five RE-AIM domains:  Reach: number, proportion, and representativeness of the participants in a study compared with eligible nonparticipants;  Efficacy/effectiveness: influence on primary study outcomes, quality of life, and unintended consequences;  Adoption: number, proportion, and representativeness of settings and staff/intervention agents who agree to deliver or implement an intervention compared with non-deliverers;  Implementation: degree to which intervention is delivered as intended and associated costs; and  Maintenance: long-term individual change in primary outcomes and the extent to which intervention delivery or implementation is sustained over time. Two authors coded five articles together to develop familiarity with the scoring protocol and met with the senior researchers for troubleshooting. All remaining articles were coded independently. Each reviewer coded a 1 (yes) or 0 (no) to indicate the presence or absence of each RE-AIM indicator and, where appropriate, noted specific details for indicators. Cohen’s kappa was calculated for all independently coded articles to determine the tool’s interrater reliability (mean=0.85). Coders met to resolve coding disagreements45; all authors discussed unresolved disagreements to gain consensus.
Distributed containment control of multi‐agent systems under asynchronous switching and stochastic disturbances

Distributed containment control of multi-agent systems with asynchronous switching and stochastic disturbances under a time-invariant directed graph is studied. Since both the process of identifying an active subsystem and that of applying a matched controller to the corresponding subsystem need to consume time, the controller switching usually lags behind the subsystem switching. In order to show that the controllers are still effective to tolerate some time delay, a multiple Lyapunov function is selected to present stability conditions. By employing stochastic stabilisation theory and matrix transformation, the problem of containment control is transformed to that of stability analysis of the closed-loop system and exponential stabilisation in mean square sense is achieved. Finally, two simulation examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Salivary testosterone levels are associated with Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) in men but not in women in a community sample

Abstract Background and aims Despite the inclusion of Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) as a diagnostic entity in the ICD-11 and the increasing number of studies addressing psychological factors leading to its onset and maintenance, little is known about the role of hormonal factors when accounting for this clinical condition (especially in women). This study aimed to provide insights into the association between testosterone levels (i.e., the androgen more intimately linked to sexual desire and arousability) and CSB in both men and women. Methods A total of 80 participants (40 men [Mage = 22.31; SD = 2.93] and 40 women [Mage = 21.79; SD = 2.06]) provided a saliva sample for the estimation of the level of free testosterone and completed a battery of measures assessing CSB and other related sexual domains (sexual sensation seeking and online/offline sexual behavior). Results In men, salivary testosterone had a positive and significant correlation with three scales assessing CSB (r between 0.316 and 0.334). In women, these correlations were small and non-significant (r between 0.011 and 0.079). In both men and women, the level of salivary testosterone had small non-significant correlations with the other domains of sexual behavior assessed. Discussion and conclusions Individuals' level of testosterone may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of CSB, but only in men. In women, alternative psychological –i.e., motivational, behavioral, or cognitive– processes may be playing a more central role in the expression of this condition.
Structural-demographic analysis of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912) collapse in China

This paper analyzes the collapse of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) through the lens of the Structural Demographic Theory (SDT), a general framework for understanding the drivers of socio-political instability in state-level societies. Although a number of competing ideas for the collapse have been proposed, none provide a comprehensive explanation that incorporates the interaction of all the multiple drivers involved. We argue that the four-fold population explosion peaking in the 19th century, the growing competition for a stagnant number of elite positions, and increasing state fiscal stress combined to produce an increasingly disgruntled populace and elite, leading to significant internal rebellions. We find that while neither the ecological disasters nor the foreign incursions during the 19th century were sufficient on their own to bring down the Qing, when coupled with the rising internal socio-political stresses, they produced a rapid succession of triggering events that culminated in the Qing collapse.
GWAS of adventitious root formation in roses identifies a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase (SAC9) for marker-assisted selection

Rose propagation by cuttings is limited by substantial genotypic differences in adventitious root formation. To identify possible genetic factors causing these differences and to develop a marker for marker-assisted selection for high rooting ability, we phenotyped 95 cut and 95 garden rose genotypes in a hydroponic rooting system over 6 weeks. Data on rooting percentage after 3 to 6 weeks, root number, and root fresh mass were highly variable among genotypes and used in association mappings performed on genotypic information from the WagRhSNP 68 K Axiom SNP array for roses. GWAS analyses revealed only one significantly associated SNP for rooting percentage after 3 weeks. Nevertheless, prominent genomic regions/peaks were observed and further analysed for rooting percentage after 6 weeks, root number and root fresh mass. Some of the SNPs in these peak regions were associated with large effects on adventitious root formation traits. Very prominent were ten SNPs, which were all located in a putative phosphoinositide phosphatase SAC9 on chromosome 2 and showed very high effects on rooting percentage after 6 weeks of more than 40% difference between nulliplex and quadruplex genotypes. SAC9 was reported to be involved in the regulation of endocytosis and in combination with other members of the SAC gene family to regulate the translocation of auxin-efflux PIN proteins via the dephosphorylation of phosphoinositides. For one SNP within SAC9, a KASP marker was successfully derived and used to select genotypes with a homozygous allele configuration. Phenotyping these homozygous genotypes for adventitious root formation verified the SNP allele dosage effect on rooting. Hence, the presented KASP derived from a SNP located in SAC9 can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs for high rooting ability in the future.
Implementation of Specialty Tobacco Use Disorder Services in a Community Health Setting: Support for Enhanced Prescription Practices

Objectives Although public efforts to reduce tobacco use have been successful, millions of US adults currently smoke tobacco. Reducing the public health burden of tobacco use disorder (TUD) and eliminating disparities experienced by underresourced communities requires increased accessibility to services. The goal of this study was to assess whether prescriptions for evidence-based medications for tobacco treatment showed steeper growth rates among community health clinics providing specialty TUD services as compared with treatment as usual. Methods Clinic-wide data on prescriptions for smoking cessation pharmacotherapy at 18 primary care or mental health community clinics operated by Los Angeles County were retrieved for 4 years of an ongoing implementation trial. Specialty services included behavioral counseling and medications for tobacco treatment. Descriptive statistics characterized prescriptions rates across clinics and time. Analyses compared the slopes of the changes between intervention groups across time for primary care and mental health sites. Results Within primary care clinics, the most commonly prescribed smoking cessation medications were nicotine patches, nicotine gum, and varenicline. Throughout the trial, all clinics displayed increased rates of prescribing smoking cessation medications. Analytic results supported overall steeper increases in prescription rates for these medications among clinics randomized to specialty services versus treatment as usual within primary care (P = 0.020) and mental health sites (P = 0.004). Conclusions This work provides support for the effectiveness of community-based implementation interventions that promote prescribing smoking cessation medications with the potential to reduce health disparities among communities at greater risk for TUD and its consequences.
The potential relationship between loot box spending, problem gambling, and obsessive-compulsive gamers

Abstract Background and Aims Loot boxes are digital containers of randomised rewards available in many video games. Individuals with problem gambling symptomatology spend more on loot boxes than individuals without such symptoms. This study investigated whether other psychopathological symptomatology, specifically symptoms of obsessive-compulsive behaviour and hoarding may also be associated with increased loot box spending. Methods In a large cross-sectional, cross-national survey (N = 1,049 after exclusions), participants recruited from Prolific, living in Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia, and the United States, provided self-reported loot box spending, obsessive-compulsive and hoarding symptomatology, problem gambling symptomatology, and consumer regret levels. Results There was a moderate positive relationship between loot box spending and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and hoarding. Additionally, greater purchasing of loot boxes was associated with increased consumer regret. Discussion and Conclusion Results identified that those with OCD and hoarding symptomatology may spend more on loot boxes than individuals without OCD and hoarding symptomatology. This information helps identify disproportionate spending to more groups of vulnerable players and may assist in helping consumers make informed choices and also aid policy discussions around the potentialities of harm.
Mapping Essential Tremor to a Common Brain Network Using Functional Connectivity Analysis

Background and Objectives The cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit plays a critical role in essential tremor (ET). However, abnormalities have been reported in multiple brain regions outside this circuit, leading to inconsistent characterization of ET pathophysiology. Here, we test whether these mixed findings in ET localize to a common functional network and whether this network has therapeutic relevance. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search to identify studies reporting structural or metabolic brain abnormalities in ET. We then used ‘coordinate network mapping,’ which leverages a normative connectome (n = 1,000) of resting-state fMRI data to identify regions commonly connected to findings across all studies. To assess whether these regions may be relevant for the treatment of ET, we compared our network with a therapeutic network derived from lesions that relieved ET. Finally, we investigated whether the functional connectivity of this ET symptom network is abnormal in an independent cohort of patients with ET as compared with healthy controls. Results Structural and metabolic brain abnormalities in ET were located in heterogeneous regions throughout the brain. However, these coordinates were connected to a common functional brain network, including the cerebellum, thalamus, motor cortex, precuneus, inferior parietal lobe, and insula. The cerebellum was identified as the hub of this network because it was the only brain region that was both functionally connected to the findings of over 90% of studies and significantly different in connectivity compared with a control data set of other movement disorders. This network was strikingly similar to the therapeutic network derived from lesions improving ET, with key regions aligning in the thalamus and cerebellum. Furthermore, positive functional connectivity between the cerebellar network hub and the sensorimotor cortices was significantly reduced in patients with ET compared with healthy controls, and connectivity within this network was correlated with tremor severity and cognitive functioning. Discussion These findings suggest that the cerebellum is the central hub of a network commonly connected to structural and metabolic abnormalities in ET. This network may have therapeutic utility in refining and informing new targets for neuromodulation of ET.
Surface‐Mediated Charge Transfer of Photogenerated Carriers in Diamond

Solvated electrons are highly reductive chemical species whose chemical properties remain largely unknown. Diamond materials are proposed as a promising emitter of solvated electrons and visible light excitation would enable solar‐driven CO2 or N2 reductions reactions in aqueous medium. But sub‐bandgap excitation remains challenging. In this work, the role of surface states on diamond materials for charge separation and emission in both gaseous and aqueous environments from deep UV to visible light excitation is elucidated. Four different X‐ray and UV–vis spectroscopy methods are applied to diamond materials with different surface termination, doping and crystallinity. Surface states are found to dominate sub‐bandgap charge transfer. However, the surface charge separation is drastically reduced for boron‐doped diamond due to a very high density of bulk defects. In a gaseous atmosphere, the oxidized diamond surface maintains a negative electron affinity, allowing charge emission, due to remaining hydrogenated and hydroxylated groups. In an aqueous electrolyte, a photocurrent for illumination down to 3.5 eV is observed for boron‐doped nanostructured diamond, independent of the surface termination. This study opens new perspectives on photo‐induced interfacial charge transfer processes from metal‐free semiconductors such as diamonds.
A pathogen-specific isotope tracing approach reveals metabolic activities and fluxes of intracellular Salmonella

Pathogenic bacteria proliferating inside mammalian host cells need to rapidly adapt to the intracellular environment. How they achieve this and scavenge essential nutrients from the host has been an open question due to the difficulties in distinguishing between bacterial and host metabolites in situ. Here, we capitalized on the inability of mammalian cells to metabolize mannitol to develop a stable isotopic labeling approach to track Salmonella enterica metabolites during intracellular proliferation in host macrophage and epithelial cells. By measuring label incorporation into Salmonella metabolites with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and combining it with metabolic modeling, we identify relevant carbon sources used by Salmonella, uncover routes of their metabolization, and quantify relative reaction rates in central carbon metabolism. Our results underline the importance of the Entner–Doudoroff pathway (EDP) and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase for intracellularly proliferating Salmonella. More broadly, our metabolic labeling strategy opens novel avenues for understanding the metabolism of pathogens inside host cells.
The effects of type of recovery in resistance exercise on responses of platelet indices and hemodynamic variables

To examine the effects of two different volume-matched resistance exercise (RE) recovery protocols (passive and active) on platelet indices and hemodynamic variables. Twelve Healthy participants (mean ± SD; 25 ± 3 yrs) completed a traditional resistance exercise (TRE) protocol that included three sets of six repetitions at 80% one repetition maximum (1RM) with two minutes passive recovery between sets, exercises and an interval resistance exercise (IRE) protocol that included three sets of six repetitions at 60%1RM followed by active recovery including six repetitions of the same exercise at 20%1RM. Blood samples for multiple platelet indices were taken before the protocols, immediately-post (IP), and after 1-hour recovery. Hemodynamic variables were measured before, IP, and every five minutes during recovery. Mean platelet volume and platelet large cell ratio P_LCR decreased from baseline to recovery. Heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (RPP) were augmented at IP following IRE compared to TRE. HR was significantly elevated for 20 minutes after both RE protocols, and RPP recovered by five minutes. Systolic blood pressure was increased at IP compared to baseline and all recovery time points for both RE protocols. Our research demonstrated that both RE protocols, produced transient increases in platelet indices (MPV, and P_LCR) and hemodynamic variables (SBP, HR, and RPP), all of which returned to baseline within an hour. Notably, the IRE protocol elicited a greater increase in HR and RPP compared to the TRE protocol.