Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post pulse compression and partially adaptive multi‐waveform STAP

The recently developed multi-waveform space-time adaptive processing (µ-STAP) formulation incorporates additional training data into the sample covariance matrix estimate by applying multiple different secondary pulse compression filters to the raw received data, where these filters have a relatively low cross-correlation with the transmitted waveform. The inclusion of this additional training data has been shown to improve robustness to non-homogeneous clutter due to a ‘range smearing’ homogenising effect of the secondary filters. Here, the authors introduce post µ-STAP (Pµ-STAP), a new form of µ-STAP that similarly generates additional training data, albeit after pulse compression has already occurred. In addition, we combine Pµ-STAP with well-known partially adaptive STAP techniques to assess whether the enhanced performance is retained for reduced-dimension operation. Specifically, element-space post-Doppler, beam-space pre-Doppler, and beam-space post-Doppler implementations of Pµ-STAP are evaluated via signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio analysis and minimum detectable Doppler for different simulated clutter environments.
Models for Determining Estimated Start Times and Case Orderings In Hospital Operating Rooms

Abstract In this paper, we address a number of scheduling problems that are often faced in a hospital's operating room (OR). The operating room can be modeled as a one machine job shop where the surgical procedures are thought of as the jobs and the operating room itself is the machine. The procedure (job) times are stochastic and the operating room scheduler exerts control over the schedule of jobs. The situation can also be thought of as a D/GI/1 queueing system, where the arrival times of the customers are a decision variable. Initially we address the problem where the scheduler is given the sequence of jobs and must determine the estimated starting times of the procedures in order that the surgeons may plan their personal schedules with respect to hospital rounds and office visits. The costs that must be balanced are (1) the idle time costs if the estimated starting time is later than the actual available start time, and (2) the surgeon's waiting time if the estimated starting time is before the actua.
Collision and tidal interaction between planetesimals

Evolution of two encountering planetesimals in the solar gravitational field have been simulated using a three-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics code, in order to obtain the precise coalescence probability including the effects of tidal forces and shock compression on two-body interaction, one of the elementary processes in planetary accumulation. The tidal forces are considered to be important because they may enlarge the coalescence rate of planetesimals effectively
Self‐scattering of a powerful HF radio wave on stimulated ionospheric turbulence

An analysis is presented of high‐frequency (HF) signals from the European Incoherent Scatter HF ionospheric modification transmitter received during 26–30 October 2002 at three sites, two in Europe and one in Antarctica. Two components with different characteristics (“mirror‐reflected” and “scattered”) were observed in the signal spectra. The mirror‐reflected component can be associated with radiation through the side lobes of the transmitting antenna thus bypassing the modified volume on its way to the receiving sites. In contrast, the scattered component was radiated through the main antenna beam and then scattered by pump‐induced ionospheric irregularities above the heater. As a result, variations in the scattered component signal intensity and Doppler frequency shifts (DFS) recorded at the greatly separated sites showed a high level of correlation. It is shown that the Doppler frequency variations can be associated with variations in the plasma density and/or physical motion velocities of stimulated inhomogeneities within the volume common to all propagation paths. Analysis of Doppler frequency shifts at greatly separated sites would allow identifying the mechanism responsible for the self‐scattering effect. In the case of DFSs due to motion of the pump‐induced scatterers it would be also possible to reconstruct the full velocity vector of the inhomogeneities.
Accretion disk self-eclipse : X-ray light curve and emission line

We develop a method of calculating the X-ray signal from a «spot» corotating with an accretion disk around a black hole and the emission line from the X-ray-illuminated disk. The disk self-eclipse is considered, and all effects of general relativity on the motion of photons are included with no approximation. The eclipse strongly affects the shape of the X-ray light curve of the spot and the K fluorescent line irradiated by the disk. The FWHM and strength of the line profile are reduced significantly if the eclipsed region of the orbit is very deep
Some Observations of Vertical Velocity Skewness in the Convective Planetary Boundary Layer

Abstract Previously published profiles of vertical velocity (w) skewness observed in the convective atmospheric boundary layer show deficits in the upper part of the layer, relative to large eddy simulations designed to apply to highly convective cloudless planetary boundary layers. Thus, we examine w-skewness profiles from data collected in other experiments. We find that skewness profiles in the three highly convective cases with the fewest and smallest clouds agree better with the large eddy simulation results than other profiles presented here and previously; however the deficit at the top of the boundary layer—though smaller—remains. We hypothesize that the remaining deficit for these three cases results from the presence of ∼10-km wavelength quasi two-dimensional sinusoidal structures, which have near-zero skewness. The small domain and periodic boundary conditions of a large eddy simulation may not allow such structures to develop fully. Removal of the effects of these structures by counting only f.
Preservation of controllability under sampling

In this paper we consider sampled-data systems realized by linear time-invariant continuous systems whose inputs are piecewise constant. The problem dealt with is the following : assuming that the continuous system is controllable, what are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the sampled-data system to be controllable ? We derive a necessary condition for the multidimensional case and show that a weaker condition than that required by Kalman et al. (1962) is needed for sufficiency.
Forecasting Tropical Cyclone Motion Using a Discriminant Analysis Procedure

Abstract A general method of objective tropical cyclone guidance is proposed in which the forecast variables are categories of tropical cyclone motion. Using this approach, information on more than one scenario is presented, a potentially important diagnostic consideration in uncertain forecast situations, e.g., when conflicts exist between aids or when a major track change is possible. As a first step to this type of forecasting, motion categories were defined using tercile ranges of zonal and meridional Australian region storm motion. Discriminant functions developed using both past track and current synoptic data then provided probability forecasts of each category. Forecasts for each zonal and meridional category were obtained 12, 24, 36 and 48 h in advance. With this simple approach, the accuracy of zonal (meridional) classification on the dependent data ranged from 76 (69)% at 12 h to 59 (57)% at 48 h. A no-skill category assignment would yield a figure of 33%. Classification accuracy was generally .
RIGID RESOLUTION OF A FINITELY GENERATED MODULE OVER A REGULAR LOCAL RING

Let M be a finitely generated module over a regular local ring (R,n), and let M = {Mi} be an n stable filtration on M. As a consequence of a recent result by Rossi and Sharifan in (14), we prove that if the i-th Betti numbers of M and (grM({M}) coincide with each other, then for each j i the j-th Betti numbers of them are the same and Syzi(M) is a Koszul module provided that Syzi(grM(M) is componentwise linear.
Super-quantum correlation for SU ( 2 ) invariant state in 4 ⊗ 2 system

We analytically evaluate the weak one-way deﬁcit and super-quantum discord for a system composed of spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 subsystems possessing SU ( 2 ) symmetry. We also make a comparative study of the relationships among the quantum discord, one-way deﬁcit, weak one-way deﬁcit, and super-quantum discord for the SU ( 2 ) invariant state. It is shown that super-quantum discord via weak measurement is greater than that via von Neumann measurement. But weak one-way deﬁcit is less than the one-way deﬁcit. As a result, weak measurement do not always reveal more quantumness.
Two New Wolf-Rayet Stars and a Luminous Blue Variable Star in the Quintuplet (AFGL 2004) Near the Galactic Center

As part of an 1800 pc2 survey of the Galactic center region in the lines of He I (2.058 μm), Brγ (2.166 μm), and the He II/C IV complex (3.09 μm), we have found two new Wolf-Rayet stars, a WN9 and a WC9, near the Galactic center. K-band spectra of both stars show broad helium emission lines, and the WC9 shows broad carbon emission lines. A third emission-line star in the region has a spectrum and luminosity similar to a luminous blue variable (LBV). The stars are within 2 pc, in projection, of the Quintuplet cluster (AFGL 2004) and are probably members of this cluster on the basis of their proximity and expected ages. All three stars are evolved descendants of massive main-sequence stars having Minitial ≳ 50 M☉ (WC9), ≳ 20 M☉ (WN9), and ≳ 40 M☉ (LBV candidate). The LBV candidate has a luminosity of L ≈ 106.3 L☉, comparable to that of η Carinae (L = 106.5 L☉), one of the most luminous stars in the local group of galaxies. A total of five emission-line stars are now known to reside in the Quintuplet, and they collectively produce NLyc ≈ 1049 photons s-1. The new LBV candidate generates enough ionizing photons to account for the “Pistol” H II region (G0.15-0.05), while the nearby “Sickle” (G0.18-0.04) may be ionized by a population of O stars accompanying the five emission-line stars.
Maximization of Signal-to-Noise Ratio in an Optical Filter

where xeE , S = {xeE :0 0, (ii) B is symmetric and positive definite, (iii) # > 0. This problem arises in the maximization of the signal-to-noise ratio in a spectral filter for infrared detectors (see [7]). The term 2 represents the incoming signal and + ,B is the variance of the background signal. The constraint S reflects the fact that the filter can transmit no more than 100 % and not less than 0 % of the total energy. A paper detailing the physics of the problem is in preparation. Although various general-purpose algorithms have been developed which may be applied to obtain solutions to this problem, the special nature of the objective function and the constraints can be exploited to obtain more efficient solution techniques. Two related algorithms are presented here and are both based on a parametric analysis of the problem. The second method is based on the first and offers some computational advantages that the first does not possess. The derivation of the second method involves the notion of the "conjugate function" [6] in a unique manner and should be of interest in itself since the practical applications of this notion have heretofore been extremely limited.
Image Retrieval based on Color Moments

Content based image retrieval (CBIR) systems are used for searching, retrieving and browsing of image databases. In this paper, we propose a color image retrieval method based on color moments. Many indexing techniques are based on global feature distributions. However, these global distributions have limited discriminating power because they are unable to capture local image information. To improve the discriminating power of color indexing techniques, we encode a minimal amount of spatial information in the index. First, an image is divided horizontally into three equal non overlapping regions. From each region in the image, we extract the first three moments (mean, variance and skewness) of the color distribution, from each color channel and store them in the index i.e., for a HSV color space, we store 27 floating point numbers per image. The similarity function which is used for retrieval is a weighted sum of the absolute differences between the corresponding moments. Our experiments demonstrate that the encoding of spatial information in the index significantly increases the discriminating power of the index compared to the color moment, based on global approach.
Instability of gravity-driven free-surface flow past a deformable elastic solid

The stability of inertialess gravity-driven free-surface flow of a Newtonian fluid down an inclined plane covered with a deformable elastic solid is examined in this work. Although the inertialess flow of a Newtonian fluid down a rigid inclined plane cannot become unstable, the present system can become unstable if the applied strain, which is proportional to the ratio of gravity forces to elastic forces, becomes larger than a critical value. For linear elastic solids, the critical strain and corresponding wave number asymptote to constant values as the ratio of the solid thickness to the fluid thickness increases. In contrast, the critical strain and wave number for neo-Hookean solids continue to decrease as the thickness ratio increases. Examination of the eigenfunctions for the neo-Hookean solid reveals that the difference in the critical conditions is due to a coupling between base state and perturbation quantities in the neo-Hookean model that remains important even for large values of the thickness .
Composite Laminated Plates: A 3D Natural Neighbor Radial Point Interpolation Method Approach

Based on the natural neighbor radial point interpolation method (NNRPIM), a 3D analysis of thick composite laminated plates is presented. The NNRPIM uses the natural neighbour concept in order to enforce nodal connectivity. Based on the Voronoï diagram small cells are created from the unstructured set of nodes discretizing the problem domain, the ‘influence-cells’, which are in fact influence domains entirely nodal dependent. The Delaunay triangles, the dual of the Voronoï cells, are used to create a node-dependent background mesh used in the numerical integration of the NNRPIM interpolation functions. The NNRPIM interpolation functions, used in the Galerkin weak form, are constructed in a process similar to that in the radial point interpolation method (RPIM) with some differences that modify the method performance. In the construction of the NNRPIM interpolation functions, no polynomial base is required and the used radial basis function (RBF) is the multiquadric RBF. The NNRPIM interpolation functions possess the delta Kronecker property, which simplifies the imposition of the natural and essential boundary conditions. In this work the 3D NNRPIM analysis is used to solve static and dynamic composite laminated plate problems. Thus, several benchmark examples are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
Advanced in-plane rotation-invariant filter results

Advanced filter algorithms using in-plane rotation invariance as an additional constraint during filter synthesis are presented. The new rotation-invariant Minimum Average Correlation Energy (RI-MACE) filter provides sharp, easily detected correlation peaks and excellent discrimination against other false objects. In the presence of background noise and clutter, the rotation-invariant Minimum Noise and Correlation Energy (RI-MINACE) filter (modified RI- MACE filter) uses the noise information during filter synthesis to obtain improved noise performance and also maintain easily detected correlation peaks. New test results are presented to show the improved discrimination capability of the RI-MACE filter and the improved noise performance of the RI-MINACE filter.
Circularity and LCA - material pathways: cascade potential and cascade environmental impact of an in-use building product

Improving circularity in the building sector entails ensuring greater material efficiency to avoid virgin material extraction. To assist stakeholders in decisions regarding salvaging an in-use building product, requires to predict and assess the potential further productive uses of that product and its materials. The range of possible cascade material paths originating from the in-use building product X and their assessments comprise the cascade potential of product X. Method: To determine the cascade potential and impact, we work further on existing efforts done in the field of circularity and life cycle assessment (LCA). This entails discussing scenario models to predict cascade material pathways over time, and multifunctionality solutions to assess those pathways. Due to the fact that the environment is a complex system and long term forecasting is required, the cascade potential can never be exactly determined. Therefore, we first set up conceptual formulas and then discuss steps to make these formulas feasible. Furthermore, the effort to generate the cascade paths originating from a product, can also be used to form circular systems that adhere to carbon mitigation pathways.
Liquid film formation: prediction accuracy of different numerical approaches

In counteracting fouling phenomenon in gas turbines, which leads to system inefficiencies and performance degradation, water washing technique is very often adopted. Water droplets sprays are injected and, hitting the solid surfaces, remove the dirt deposition. Among the collateral undesirable phenomena related to water washing, blades erosion and liquid film formation are the most remarkable. Despite the former issue was extensively assessed by the authors in previous works, up to the authors’ knowledge the risk of liquid film formation due to water washing was scarcely investigated. Liquid film formation and spreading on a solid surface is a complex phenomenon involving a large number of physical events, such as: droplets impact on a solid surface, splashing phenomena, liquid film dragging under the effect of the carrier phase and droplets separation from the film in proximity of geometry discontinuities. In this paper, an extensively used experimental test case involving all these phenomena was used to test different numerical wall film models available in literature. The test case consists in the injection of a liquid jet in a high velocity crossflow. Some of the liquid jet mass impacts on the opposite solid surface generating a wall film which develops under the dragging effect of the crossflow. A Lagrangian approach was used to track the suspended droplets within the flow field by also considering the turbulent dispersion by means of a Random Walk model. Droplets-wall interaction is considered according to the Stanton-Rutland model, which provides the outcome of a collision (deposit, rebound or splashing), depending on the local impact conditions. If a droplet sticks on a solid boundary, a liquid film generates. Droplets atomization is also accounted for by using the Madabhushi model while Friederich separation model was selected to take into account the detachment of droplets from the film at the geometry edge. Three different numerical simulations have been performed based on different approaches used to solve the liquid film evolution, namely Eulerian one-way coupling, Eulerian two-way coupling and Lagrangian two-way coupling. Numerical results have been compared with the experimental ones from both a qualitative and a quantitative point of view. The wall film shape, its spatial distribution and the variation of the film thickness of the wall centreline have been compared between experimental and numerical simulations proving that the Lagrangian 2-way coupling approach better reproduces the liquid film dynamics observed in the experiments.
Short time extremal response to step stimulus for a single cell E. coli

After application of a step stimulus, in the form of a sudden change in attractant environment, the receptor activity and tumbling bias of an E. coli cell change sharply to reach their extremal values before they gradually relax to their post-stimulus adapted levels in the long time limit. We perform numerical simulations and exact calculations to investigate the short time response of the cell. For both activity and tumbling bias, we exactly derive the condition for extremal response and find good agreement with simulations. We also make experimentally verifiable prediction that there is an optimum size of the step stimulus at which the extremal response is reached in the shortest possible time.
A Single-Channel Speech Enhancement Algorithm Combined with Time-Frequency Mask

Aiming at the problem of noise overestimation when the classical single-channel speech enhancement method suppresses noise, single-channel speech enhancement method on the basis of the time-frequency mask is put forward to improve the quality of speech enhancement and separation. First, we estimate the noise and prior signal-to-noise ratio from the noisy speech, calculate the time-frequency mask and finally combine noisy speech synthesis to enhance the speech. Adaptive time-frequency mask combines IBM and IRM to avoid over-suppressing noise. In this paper, noisy speech is processed by an improved time-frequency mask combined with SNR. The algorithm combines the advantages of the single-channel algorithm and time-frequency mask. The experimental results indicate that this method significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio, is robust, and is easy to use.
Order batching in walk-and-pick order picking systems

This paper investigates the order-batching problem both as a theoretical problem, including its special variants, and as a practical problem, with possible heuristic solution procedures. It shows that certain special cases or variants of the order batching problem are solvable, while other cases of the problem are NP-hard. It also develops a new Mixed-Integer Programming (MIP) model to obtain near-exact solutions to the problem. The MIP provides good lower and upper bounds to the problem, which prove useful in the investigation of the heuristic solution procedures. The paper identifies and modifies slightly the order batching heuristic, which shows the strongest results in the numerical experiments. Although good solutions are obtained with this particular heuristic, the results indicate that it is computationally intensive. Furthermore, solutions obtained through the MIP model suggest there is still room to obtain even better solutions to the problem via heuristic procedures, although the challenge is to do so without further increasing the computational burden.