Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness in Ethiopia: A Systematic review and Meta-analysis

Background: Male involvement during pregnancy, labor and post-partum care has been shown to improve positive maternal and newborn outcomes. Nevertheless, it continues to be low, especially in low income countries. One of the reasons is the lack of birth preparedness and complication readiness, which is recognized as the most cost-effective and achievable components of safe motherhood programs around the world. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis study tried to determine the pooled prevalence of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP/CR) and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: Searching of the primary articles was completed by PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHAL, and Google Scholar, HINARI portal which includes the SCOPUS, African Index Medicus, and African Journals Online Database. The data was extracted by using a standard data extraction checklist that developed according to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). For assessing heterogeneity across the studies I2 statistics was used. The Funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s tests were used to check the presence of publication bias. A random effect model was used to estimate the pooled proportion of male involvement. Odds Ratio (OR) with the 95% confidence interval was also used to determine the association of identified factors with the outcome variable. Result: From a total of 614, primary studies 8 were eligible for inclusion in the final systematic Review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness was found to be 40.17% [95%CI (24.01-56.33). Conclusion: The pooled prevalence of male involvement in birth preparedness and complication readiness was relatively low. Thus, Minister of Health with its stake holders better to give emphasis on community awareness programs so as to increase male involvement for birth preparedness and complication readiness.
The roles of morphology, phonology, and prosody in reading and spelling multisyllabic words

Abstract While most English words are multisyllabic, research on literacy acquisition has tended to focus on early acquisition of monosyllabic words. The processes involved in multisyllabic word reading and spelling in middle childhood are likely to differ from those in monosyllabic reading and spelling. The current paper examines the contributions of morphological awareness (MA; awareness of derivational morphemes), prosodic sensitivity (sensitivity to lexical stress), and phonological awareness (PA; awareness of phonemes) for multisyllabic word reading and spelling, after accounting for background variables (age, vocabulary, nonverbal IQ, short-term memory). Seventy 7–10-year-old children completed a battery of tasks. MA and prosodic sensitivity were independent predictors of multisyllabic reading, while MA and PA were independent predictors of multisyllabic spelling. These results contrast with previous research, which instead found that PA plays a more prominent role while prosodic sensitivity appears to demonstrate only an indirect influence. However, those studies largely examined reading of shorter, one to three syllable words. These findings indicate when words are longer and multisyllabic, prosodic sensitivity, PA, and MA have differing direct influences on literacy. MA and prosodic sensitivity relate to word reading, while MA and PA are important for spelling.
Elemental Characteristics of Respirable Particulate Matter in the Urban Atmosphere of Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India

To evaluate the ambient air quality of the Dehradun city, respirable particulate matter was collected using respirable dust sampler (RDS) and analysed for the heavy metal content using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The morphology of particulates were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the elemental composition was determined through SEMenergy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Particulate matter mass concentration ranged from 65.00 μg m-3 to 337.33 μg m-3. Quantified heavy metals in particulate matter were Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The order of concentration of heavy metals were found to be in the trend of Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Ni>Mn>Co>Cd. Maximum concentration of PM10 was found at commercial site during summer, winter and monsoon season. Enrichment factor analysis showed substantial contribution of anthropogenic activities on PM10. Source apportionment (varimax rotated factor analysis method) showed dominance of incineration and uncontrolled burning of waste and refuses, resuspended dust with vehicular emission and crustal sources as the dominant sources in Dehradun. Plantation drive strategy have major role in ambient particulate matter mitigation measures and carbon sequestration from climate change and global problem worldwide. This study will be help to mitigate or decrease the load of air pollution by the using of various trees for sustainable human development on the marvellous earth planet. CONTACT Sohni Sinha sohnisinha1@gmail.com Ecology, Climate Change and Forest Influence Division, FRI Dehradun,
Mitigating Non-CO2 greenhouse gases in an integrated assessment model

As countries have started implementing their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the context of their commitments to the 2015 Paris Agreement that aims to limit the global mean temperature rise to at most 2C and preferably to 1.5C, they are looking at a wide range of instruments to mitigate emissions of greenhouse gases. Much of the traditional focus is the taxing of carbon—mostly linked to combustion of fossil fuels. It has been postulated that cheaper options could be available that rely on other sources of greenhouse gas emissions such as methane in agriculture (rice production, livestock and dairy), resource extraction and waste management, and nitrous oxide emissions in agriculture, chemical production and waste management (Weyant et al., 2006).
Macrophage uptake of cylindrical micropar cles inves gated with correla ve microscopy

Cylindrical par cles offer the opportunity to develop controlled and sustained release systems for the respiratory tract. One reason is that macrophages can phagocyte such par cles only from either of the two ends. We inves gated the uptake behavior of murine alveolar macrophages incubated with elongated submicron-structured par cles. For that purpose, fluorescent model silica nanopar cles were interconnected with the biocompa ble polysaccharide agarose, building up cylindrical par cles within the pores of track-etched membranes. In contrast to common approaches we determined the uptake at different me points with scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and the combina on of both techniques correla ve microscopy (CLEM). As a consequence, we could securely iden fy uptake events and observe in detail the engulfment of par cles and confirm, that phagocytosis could only be observed from the ps of the cylinders. CLEM allowed a comparison of the uptake measured with different techniques at iden cal macrophages. Qualita ve and quan ta ve evalua on of this cylindrical par cle uptake showed substan al differences between fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy and the combina on of both (CLEM) within 24 hours.
Natural Compounds as Adjuncts for Treating Colon Cancer through Apoptotic Pathway

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases which is caused when abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue. Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as colon cancer, is one of the most common type of cancers in humans is closely linked to the global cancer – related mortalities worldwide. The ongoing clinical treatment for colorectal cancer or colon cancer largely engages surgery and chemotherapy. But as there are many side effects and due to emergence of drug resistance, it has become very necessary to find novel and more effectual drugs for colon cancer treatment. Chemo prevention, a novel method for controlling cancer encompasses the use of specific natural products or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress or prevent premalignancy before the development of invasive cancer. Many studies have signified that various natural products have efficacious anti CRC effects and may be used as substitutional chemotherapy agents for CRC therapy. Various natural compounds have been shown to be promising on the basis of their anti cancerous effects and low toxicity. In this review we summarise the natural compounds having anti CRC effects from distinct sources. This review suggest that they provide a novel opportunity for treatment of colon cancer.
Assessment and Characterization of Xylanolytic Bacteria Isolated from the Gut of Microtermes Obesi for Biomass Pretreatment

The aim of current research was to examine the potential for the production of hemicelluloses degrading enzymes from bacteria harbor in termite gut. The research was also focused on the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (Corn stover, rice straw and cotton stalk) into fermentable sugars by using enzymes from the bacterial isolates. The bacterial isolates from termite gut were screened for their ability to degrade xylan that is the major constituent of hemicelluloses. Two bacterial isolates were chosen and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Both isolates TGB9 and TGB10 belong to Bacillus geneus. The isolates have shown higher xylan degrading activity at 50 oC and optimum pH was 6.0. Xylanases from isolate TGB9 and TGB10 were utilized for sccharification of agricultural substrates (stover, rice straw and cotton stalk). As a result higher contents of reducing sugars were observed from corn stover. Xylanases from isolate TGB9 produced higher yields of reducing sugar than isolate TGB10. A comparative study was also performed among chemical pretreatment and xylanases from bacterial isolates. For this purpose agricultural substrates were also treated with H2SO4 and NaOH. Xylanases produced by TGB9 and TGB10 released higher content of sugar from agricultural substrates than chemical pretreatments. So it is concluded that termite gut have bacteria that can hydrolyze hemicelluloses more efficiently than chemicals.
User perspectives on developing technology-assisted access services in public broadcasting

The growing demand for accessible media content in the Creative Industries and increased pressure to produce more content at lower costs has led the industry to look for technological support for creating and managing audiovisual content. In order to design truly accessible technology-assisted solutions and services, it is crucial to center the knowledge and experience of the intended users – both the consumers and the professionals involved in producing the content and services. This article explores potential technological solutions for audiovisual media access services addressing intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic access in public service television broadcasting. We introduce an ongoing research project taking a user-centered approach, and present work carried out on automatic and semi-automatic methods involving intralingual and interlingual subtitling, and description of visual content. Based on themes raised in individual and focus group interviews, we discuss how potential user groups respond to technological solutions at differing levels of maturity. We examine conceptualizations of quality, trust, and accessibility emerging in the users’ comments, and chart the differences and similarities between different stakeholders. The article demonstrates how diverse user perspectives can inform research and development and enhance our understanding of the role of technology in promoting media accessibility.
International Conference on Sustainable Future for Human Security SUSTAIN 2012 Photovoltaic module modeling using simulink / matlab

This paper describes a method of modeling and simulation photovoltaic (PV) module that implemented in Simulink/Matlab. It is necessary to define a circuit-based simulation model for a PV cell in order to allow the interaction with a power converter. Characteristics of PV cells that are affected by irradiation and temperature are modeled by a circuit model. A simplified PV equivalent circuit with a diode equivalent is employed as model. The simulation results are compared with difference types of PV module datasheets. Its results indicated that the created simulation blocks in Simulink/matlab are similar to actual PV modules, compatible to different types of PV module and user-friendly © 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of SUSTAIN conferences committee and supported by Kyoto University; (OPIR), (GCOE-ES), (GCOE-HSE), (CSEAS), (RISH), (GCOE-ARS) and (GSS) as co-hosts.
Visual motion and decision-making in dyslexia: Evidence of reduced accumulation of sensory evidence and related neural dynamics

Children with and without dyslexia differ in their behavioural responses to visual information, particularly when required to pool dynamic signals over space and time. Importantly, multiple processes contribute to behavioural responses. Here we investigated which processing stages are affected in children with dyslexia when performing visual motion processing tasks, by combining two methods that are sensitive to the dynamic processes leading to responses. We used a diffusion model which decomposes response time and accuracy into distinct cognitive constructs, and high-density EEG. 50 children with dyslexia and 50 typically developing children aged 6 to 14 years judged the direction of motion as quickly and accurately as possible in two global motion tasks, which varied in their requirements for segregating signal-from-noise. Following our pre-registered analyses, we fitted hierarchical Bayesian diffusion models to the data, blinded to group membership. Unblinding revealed reduced evidence accumulation in children with dyslexia compared to typical children for both tasks. We also identified a response-locked EEG component which was maximal over centro-parietal electrodes which indicated a neural correlate of reduced drift-rate in dyslexia, thereby linking brain and behaviour. We suggest that children with dyslexia are slower to extract sensory evidence from global motion displays, regardless of whether they are required to segregate signal-from-noise, thus furthering our understanding of atypical perceptual decision-making processes in dyslexia.
Consistency capacity of reservoir computers

We study the propagation and distribution of information-carrying signals injected in dynamical systems serving as a reservoir computers. A multivariate correlation analysis in tailored replica tests reveals consistency spectra and capacities of a reservoir. These measures provide a high-dimensional portrait of the nonlinear functional dependence on the inputs. For multiple inputs a hierarchy of capacity measures characterizes the interference of signals from each source. For each input the time-resolved capacity forms a nonlinear fading memory profile. We illustrate the methodology with various types of echo state networks.
The size function of massive satellites from the Re–Rh and Mstar–Mh relations: constraining the role of environment

In previous work we showed that a semi-empirical model in which galaxies in host dark matter haloes are assigned stellar masses via a stellar mass-halo mass (SMHM) relation and sizes (Re) via a linear and tight Re − Rh relation, can faithfully reproduce the size function of local SDSS central galaxies and the strong size evolution of massive galaxies (MGs, Mstar > 1011.2M ). In this third paper of the series, we focus on the population of satellite MGs. We find that without any additional calibration and irrespective of the exact SMHM relation, fraction of quenched galaxies or level of stellar stripping, the same model is able to reproduce the local size function of quiescent satellite MGs in SDSS. In addition, the same model can reproduce the puzzling weak dependence of mean size on host halo mass for both central and satellite galaxies. The model also matches the size function of starforming satellite MGs, after assuming that some of them transform into massive lenticulars in a few Gyr after infalling in the group/cluster environment. However, the vast majority of satellite lenticulars is predicted to form before infall. The Re − Rh appears to be fundamental to connect galaxies and their host haloes.
pRSL: Interpretable Multi-label Stacking by Learning Probabilistic Rules

A key task in multi-label classification is modeling the structure between the involved classes. Modeling this structure by probabilistic and interpretable means enables application in a broad variety of tasks such as zero-shot learning or learning from incomplete data. In this paper, we present the probabilistic rule stacking learner (pRSL) which uses probabilistic propositional logic rules and belief propagation to combine the predictions of several underlying classifiers. We derive algorithms for exact and approximate inference and learning, and show that pRSL reaches state-of-the-art performance on various benchmark datasets. In the process, we introduce a novel multicategorical generalization of the noisy-or gate. Additionally, we report simulation results on the quality of loopy belief propagation algorithms for approximate inference in bipartite noisy-or networks.
Learning Uncertainty for Safety-Oriented Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving

In this paper, we show how uncertainty estimation can be leveraged to enable safety critical image segmentation in autonomous driving, by triggering a fallback behavior if a target accuracy cannot be guaranteed. We introduce a new uncertainty measure based on disagreeing predictions as measured by a dissimilarity function. We propose to estimate this dissimilarity by training a deep neural architecture in parallel to the task-specific network. It allows this observer to be dedicated to the uncertainty estimation, and let the task-specific network make predictions. We propose to use self-supervision to train the observer, which implies that our method does not require additional training data. We show experimentally that our proposed approach is much less computationally intensive at inference time than competing methods (e.g., MC Dropout), while delivering better results on safety-oriented evaluation metrics on the CamVid dataset, especially in the case of glare artifacts.
Artificial life: sustainable self-replicating systems

Nature has found one method of organizing living matter, but maybe other options exist -- not yet discovered -- on how to create life. To study the life"as it could be"is the objective of an interdisciplinary field called Artificial Life (commonly abbreviated as ALife). The word"artificial"refers to the fact that humans are involved in the creation process. The artificial life forms might be completely unlike natural forms of life, with different chemical compositions, and even computer programs exhibiting life-like behaviours.
Verb Sense Clustering using Contextualized Word Representations for Semantic Frame Induction

Contextualized word representations have proven useful for various natural language processing tasks. However, it remains unclear to what extent these representations can cover hand-coded semantic information such as semantic frames, which specify the semantic role of the arguments associated with a predicate. In this paper, we focus on verbs that evoke different frames depending on the context, and we investigate how well contextualized word representations can recognize the difference of frames that the same verb evokes. We also explore which types of representation are suitable for semantic frame induction. In our experiments, we compare seven different contextualized word representations for two English frame-semantic resources, FrameNet and PropBank. We demonstrate that several contextualized word representations, especially BERT and its variants, are considerably informative for semantic frame induction. Furthermore, we examine the extent to which the contextualized representation of a verb can estimate the number of frames that the verb can evoke.
Learning about Latent Dynamic Trading Demand

This paper presents an equilibrium model of dynamic trading, learning, and pricing by strategic investors with trading targets and price impact. Since trading targets are private, rebalancers and liquidity providers filter the child order flow over time to estimate the latent underlying parent trading demand imbalance and its expected impact on subsequent price pressure dynamics. We prove existence of the equilibrium and solve for equilibrium trading strategies and prices in terms of the solution to a system of coupled ODEs. We show that trading strategies are combinations of trading towards investor targets, liquidity provision for other investors’ demands, and front-running based on learning about latent underlying trading demand imbalances and future price pressure.
Constraining the solar neighbourhood age–metallicity relation from white dwarf–main sequence binaries

The age-metallicity relation is a fundamental tool for constraining the chemical evolution of the Galactic disc. In this work we analyse the observational properties of this relation using binary stars that have not interacted consisting of a white dwarf –from which we can derive the total age of the system– and a main sequence star –from which we can derive the metallicity as traced by the [Fe/H] abundances. Our sample consists of 46 widely separated, but unresolved spectroscopic binaries identified within the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and 189 white dwarf plus main sequence common proper motion pairs identified within the second data release of Gaia. This is currently the largest white dwarf sample for which the metallicity of their progenitors have been determined. We find a flat age-metallicity relation displaying a scatter of [Fe/H] abundances of approximately ±0.5 dex around the solar metallicity at all ages. This independently confirms the lack of correlation between age and metallicity in the solar neighbourhood that is found in previous studies focused on analysing single main sequence stars and open clusters.
A deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills Flow

We study a new deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills flow on a compact K\"ahler manifold. We first show the existence of the longtime solution of the flow. We then show that under the Collins-Jacob-Yau's condition on the subsolution, the longtime solution converges to the solution of the deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills equation, which was solved by Collins-Jacob-Yau [5] by the continuity method. Moreover, as an application of the flow, we show that on a compact K\"ahler surface, if there exists a semi-subsolution of the deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills equation, then the flow converges smoothly to a singular solution to the deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills equation away from a finite number of curves of negative self-intersection. Such a solution can be viewed as a boundary point of the moduli space of the deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills solutions for a given K\"ahler metric.