Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controls on Cenozoic exhumation of the Tethyan Himalaya from fission‐track thermochronology and detrital zircon U‐Pb geochronology in the Gyirong basin area, southern Tibet

The Gyirong basin, southern Tibet, contains the record of Miocene‐Pliocene exhumation, drainage development, and sedimentation along the northern flank of the Himalaya. The tectonic controls on basin formation and their potential link to the South Tibetan Detachment System (STDS) are not well understood. We use detrital zircon (ZFT) and apatite (AFT) fission‐track analysis, together with detrital zircon U‐Pb dating to decipher the provenance of Gyirong basin sediments and the exhumation history of the source areas. Results are presented for nine detrital samples of Gyirong basin sediments (AFT, ZFT, and U‐Pb), two modern river‐sediment samples (ZFT and AFT), and six bedrock samples (ZFT) from transect across the Gyirong fault bounding the basin to the east. The combination of detrital zircon U‐Pb and fission‐track data demonstrates that the Gyirong basin sediments were sourced locally from the Tethyan Sedimentary Sequence. This provenance pattern indicates that deposition was controlled by the Gyirong fault, active since ~10 Ma, whose vertical throw was probably < ~5000 m, rather than being controlled by normal faults associated with the STDS. The detrital thermochronology data contain two prominent age groups at ~37–41 and 15–18 Ma, suggesting rapid exhumation at these times. A 15–18 Ma phase of rapid exhumation has been recorded widely in both southern Tibet and the Himalaya. A possible interpretation for such a major regional exhumation event might be detachment of the subducting Indian plate slab during the middle Miocene, inducing dynamic uplift of the Indian plate overriding its own slab.
Modelo morfoestructural de los caprinos lecheros españoles Florida y Payoya en sistemas extensivos

En Espana, las razas Florida y Payoya, desempenan un papel importante en la produccion lechera caprina basada en el pastoreo extensivo, cuentan oficialmente con sus respectivas asociaciones, pero carecen de jueces para su valoracion morfologica. Esta no se puede iniciar sin un estudio morfoestructural previo que determine si se requieren diferentes modelos de valoracion para cada una de ellas. Este es el objetivo del presente trabajo. Para ello, se controlaron 10 variables zoometricas en 63 cabras adultas de raza Florida y 578 de Payoya, calculandose los limites biologicos y la variabilidad de cada parametro y estimando las diferencias y el grado de discriminacion entre las dos razas. En la Florida, es minimo el grado de variacion presentado, especialmente en lo relacionado con la capacidad corporal y la talla. La Payoya tiene una conformacion mas longilinea y hay mas fluctuacion en los limites de variacion. Ambas razas pueden ser perfectamente diferenciadas en funcion de su estructura, en gran medida por los caracteres de longitud cefalica (F= 323,51 P
Building Graphs at Scale via Sequence of Edges: Model and Generation Algorithms (Extended Abstract)

Real-world graphs exhibit many interesting properties that differentiate them from random graphs, which have been extensively studied for the past decades. For various proposed generative models, a majority of them build the graph by sequentially adding each node and the attached edges. However, the growth of many real-world graphs, such as social networks, is naturally modeled by the sequential insertion of edges. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge, no generative model has been proposed to reveal this process. We propose the first sequence-of-edges model, denoted as temporal preferential attachment (TPA). It relies on preferential attachment (PA), one of the most influential mechanisms to generate scale-free graphs, and takes time-decay effect and node fitness into consideration. Empirical analysis demonstrates that our model preserves several key properties of the real-world graphs, including both the properties observed from the snapshot graphs (e.g., power-law distribution) and temporal properties observed from the graph generation process (e.g., shrinking diameter). Meanwhile, our model is sufficiently general to accommodate several forms of time decay and fitness distributions. Then, we design two efficient algorithms that generate TPA graphs with billions of edges in several minutes.
Bacterial Vaginosis in Preterm and Term Labour: A hospital based cross sectional analytical study

Background :Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial disorder characterized by decrease in the number of H2O2 producing lactobacillus and overgrowth of several facultative anaerobic bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis, Haemophillus vaginalis, Mycoplasma, or anaerobes like Bacteriods sp, Prevotella sp and Mobiluncus sp. Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in women presenting with preterm labour and term labour and determine any association between bacterial vaginosis and preterm labour. Material and Methods: A cross sectional analytical study study carried out over a period of 6 months on the patients admitted and delivered at our MDM & Umaid hospital, Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur. The clinical diagnosis of BV is made in the presence of three of the following four signs first described by Amsel in 1938:
Epidemiological determinants and magnitude of calf morbidity and mortality in Bahir Dar milk-shed, north west Ethiopia

Herd level cross-sectional and calf level longitudinal observational study was conducted between November 2014 to April 2015 in peri-urban and urban dairy farms of Bahir Dar milk-shed, Ethiopia. The aims of this study were therefore, to determine the incidence rate of calf morbidity and mortality, investigating potential determinant factors of calf morbidity and mortality and to determine the passive transfer of immunity in some selected dairy calves. Both concurrent and prospective cohorts were employed to recruit calves aged below 6 month in the study herds. A total of 440 calves, a random sample of 322 calves from small-holder and 118 from five large dairy farms located in Bahir Dar milkshed were included in the study. Each study calf was individually ear-tagged and regularly monitored in monthly basis for clinical health problems up to an age of six months. Information on different potential risk factors was collected by using herd and calf level recording sheets and personal observations. Serum samples were taken from some study calves to determine their level of passive transfer and it was conducted in Bahir Dar Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Laboratory. The overall incidences of crude morbidity and crude mortality rates found in this study were 47.3% and 17.9%, respectively. Calf diarrhea, pneumonia, navel ill, septicemic conditions, Lumpy Skin Disease, rabies, congenital problems and other miscellaneous cases were encountered during this study. The most frequent disease condition was calf diarrhea with the incidence rate of 25.2% followed by pneumonia (8.6 %). The incidence of crude mortality was apparently higher in large sized dairy farms than smallholder farms. However, calf diarrhea and crude morbidity rates were higher in the latter. About six, 6, 4 and 2 explanatory variables were found significantly associated with crude mortality, crude morbidity, diarrhea and pneumonia respectively by multivariate Cox regression at P<0.05. Older calves above three months age were at lower risk (HR=0.03, P=0.000) of mortality than younger calves of below three month. The relative hazard (HR=0.15, P=0.000) of mortality in good vigored calves was lower than that of calves
Modeling disturbance and channel evolution in mountain streams

Researchers and managers have sought for centuries to model the dynamics of river systems for hazard protection, water management, and ecological restoration. Models of channel dynamics generally assume that rivers adopt a constant geometry in response to a set of relatively static governing parameters. In this research, we develop two stochastic biogeomorphic models which we use to simulate the range of channel conditions associated with fluctuating governing conditions, including wood loading and discharge. We begin by developing a version of the Reach Scale Channel Simulator (RSCS) that models the impact of riparian disturbance on channel morphology at a range of channel scales, in a reach subject to an annual flood event of constant magnitude and duration. The simulations show that smallto intermediate-sized channels are the most morphologically sensitive to fluctuations in wood loading. We then develop a STochastic CHannel Adjustment SIMulator (STOCHASIM) that simulates the competition between bank erosion and vegetation colonization in a reach subject to variable annual floods. The model produces a dynamic channel geometry that adjusts in response to individual floods. The results challenge a major underlying assumption of most regime models by demonstrating that the return period of the formative flow varies with watershed hydrology. Introducing variable floods and lateral migration has important implications for wood loading, as bank erosion increases wood recruitment and changes piece characteristics. In the final chapters, we use data from a series of flume experiments to investigate the effects of piece characteristics on wood stability and transport. Rootwads – which are more common on wood pieces recruited through bank erosion than via toppling – increase piece stability while reducing travel distance. We
Tartaric acid synthetic derivatives effect on phytopathogenic bacteria

The scientific goals of current research were devoted to targeted derivatization of natural tartaric acid (TA) for the enhancement of antimicrobial properties of it such as like the effects of them on multi-drug resistant phytopathogenic bacteria, depends to their structure features and the genetic parameters of studied microorganisms. The main utilitarian goal is to develop new class of antimicrobial biodegradable compounds with possible prospective application as moresafe alternative to traditional antibiotics applicable for: agriculture, horticulture, food industry as well as in medicine. These compounds were developed in basic research laboratory: ‘Agrarian Pesticide Creation and The Quality Control’ at National Polytechnic University of Armenia (NPUA). TA and tartrates are safe antimicrobial food additives. According to the results of in vitro studies, the synthesized cyclohexyl-, benzyl-and phenyl-derivatives of it in the form of amine complex salts (correspondently CAS, BAS and PhAS) and cyclic imides (correspondently CI, BI and PhI) are effective against the model multi-drug resistant strains of Gram-negative microorganisms. Bactericidal effects of TA derivatives were demonstrated on 19 model native soil strains of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas beticola ( 6 strains ), X. vesicatoria and Pseudomonas syringae ( 13 strains ) representatives, which are differing in antibiotic resistance. Regarding the transformation results, the absence of transfer of resistance to TA imides and amine complex salts by plasmids, makes them promising objects for further research. Primary studies have not shown any antibacterial effect on various non-pathogenic soil bacteria ( Pseudomonas chlororaphis, P. taetrolens , etc.). The described compounds are recommended for further more detailed toxicological studies.
ON INFORMATICS

— Medical images are often used for educational, analytical, and medical diagnostic purposes. Medical image data requires large amounts of storage on computers. Three types of codecs, namely Haar, Daubechies, and Biorthogonal, were used in this study. This study aims to find the best wavelet method of the three tested wavelet methods (Haar, Daubechies, and Biorthogonal). This study uses medical images representing USG and CT-scan images as testing data. The first test is carried out by comparing the threshold ratio. Three threshold values are used, namely 30, 40, and 50. The second test looks for PSNR values with different thresholds. The third test looks for a comparison of the rate (image size) to the PSSR value. The final test is to find each medical image's compression and decompression times. The first compression ratio test results on both medical images showed that CT scan images on Haar and Biorthogonal wavelets were the best, with an average compression ratio of 40.76% and a PSNR of 33.77. The PSNR obtained is also getting more significant for testing with a larger image size. The average compression time is 0.52 seconds, and the decompression time is 2.27 seconds. Based on the test results, this study recommends that the Daubechies wavelet method is very good for compression, which is 0.51 seconds, and the Biorthogonal wavelet method is very good for
20First Century ProblemSolving

Euler’s identity relates, in just seven symbols, some of the most fundamental entities and operations in mathematics. It has been described as ‘the most beautiful theorem in mathematics’ and ‘the greatest equation ever. ’ Iftwenty-four hours is the clock of seven thousand years of mathematics, then Euler’s identity is stated just one hour before midnight, computing (with Babbage’s mechanical difference engine) arriving, fashionably, a few minutes later; Software Engineering crashed the party a mere 7 minutes ago. Many have characterised elements of software, some have managed great beauty. Here we present another characterisation of the relationship between a software system, its context, the need it satisﬁes, its stakeholders and its validation, deduced from Rogers’ deﬁnition of (general) engineering.
conse-Invited review: Disentangling residual feed intake—Insights and approaches to make it more fit for purpose in the modern context

Residual feed intake (RFI) is an increasingly used trait to analyze feed efficiency in livestock, and in some sectors such as dairy cattle, it is one of the most frequently used traits. Although the principle for calculating RFI is always the same (i.e., using the residual of a regression of intake on performance predictors), a wide range of models are found in the literature, with different predictors, different ways of considering intake, and more recently, different statistical approaches. Consequently, the results are not easily comparable from one study to another as they reflect different biological variabilities, and the relationship between the residual (i.e., RFI) and the underlying true efficiency also differs. In this review, the components of the RFI equation are explored with respect to the underlying biological processes. The aim of this decomposition is to provide a better understanding of which of the processes in this complex trait contribute significantly to the individual variability in efficiency. The intricacies associated with the residual term, as well as the energy sinks and the intake term, are broken down and discussed. Based on this exploration as well as on some recent literature, new forms of the RFI equation are proposed to better separate the efficiency terms from errors and inaccuracies. The review also considers the time period of measurement of RFI. This is a key consideration for the accuracy of the RFI estimation itself, and also for understanding the relationships between short-term efficiency, animal resilience, and long-term efficiency. As livestock production moves toward sustainable efficiency, these considerations are increasingly important to bring to bear in RFI estimations.
Mantle flow and olivine fabric transition in the Myanmar continental subduction zone

One of the major advances in mineral physics and seismology is the realization that different olivine fabric types are functions of temperature, shear stress, and water content in oceanic subducting systems. The distribution of different olivine fabric types and geodynamic processes in the mantle wedge above a subducting continental slab remain poorly understood. Here, based on splitting analysis of shear waves recorded by 46 stations recently deployed in central Myanmar, we reveal trench-perpendicular fast orientations between the 80 and 100 km slab contours sandwiched between trench-parallel fast orientations from the mantle wedge tip to the backarc. The dramatic change in fast orientations indicates the transition of olivine fabric types in the mantle wedge combined with corner flow. Cold continental subduction and shear stress reduction caused by partial melting favor B-type and C- or E-type olivine fabrics, respectively.
ON INFORMATICS

— Blockchain based rating and review systems have changed the operational structure of the traditional market by introducing characteristics like immutability, security, anonymity etc. to liberate users from potential malicious acts of sellers such as altering and hiding ratings or reviews, collusion with users or service providers. The lack of standardization for developing decentralized applications does not depict flow of information and cataloguing of specific functions and roles for a particular set of tasks. The development of decentralized applications for e-commerce systems is in its immature age of progress and has lack of interoperable sharing of data and workflows for new innate systems. Thus, it is significant to catalogue blockchain-based rating and review systems by identifying key parameters to generate a taxonomy and develop a conceptual layered framework for identifying core components and their interaction. This manuscript presents a substantial analysis of existing blockchain-empowered reputation-based reward systems. It uses an iterative approach following observed to rational and rational to observed for taxonomy development. The analysis results identify 11 key parameters for categorizing systems and propose a 4 layered architecture to signify IPFS, P2P network, Blockchain and DApps. The proposed model identifies underlying subsystems, their services, and their interaction. The new taxonomy identifies natural roadmaps in system development process. This study is key because it allows developers to design new reputation-based reward framework in different dimensions by following an open workflow with a common understanding of underlying core entities.
Habitat restoration programme for agricultural-land breeding birds in Switzerland

La population de perdrix grises, Perdix perdix, en Suisse a decline et atteint un seuil critique pour sa survie. Pour le compte de l'Office Federal de l'Environnement, des Forets et des Paysages, l'Institut Ornithologique Suisse a mis au point un plan de sauvetage des oiseaux menaces des zones cultivees ouvertes en Suisse, en particulier des perdrix grises, Perdix perdix. Son objectif etait d'ameliorer l'habitat agricole en y installant de nouvelles structures d'un grand interet ecologique, comme, par exemple, les bandes a flore de plantes adventices. Les mesures de conservation pour la perdrix ont ete appliquees dans les territoires d'etude « Champagne genevoise » du canton de Geneve et « Klettgau » du canton de Schaffhausen. Nous avons evalue le succes de ces mesures de conservation par le suivi des populations de certains oiseaux, de quelques especes d'insectes et des adventices des cultures. La culture biologique (sans herbicides) des cereales dans certains champs, est une autre mesure d'amelioration de l'habitat que nous avons mise en œuvre. Le marketing de produits regionaux de haute qualite, en collaboration avec les agriculteurs, a ete une partie integrante du projet. Plusieurs especes d'oiseaux nicheurs comme le traquet pâtre, Saxicola torquata, la fauvette grisette, Sylvia communis, le bruant proyer, Miliaria calandra, la caille, Coturnix coturnix, et l'alouette des champs, Alauda arvensis, ainsi qu'un certain nombre d'adventices des cultures ont, d'ores et deja, ete favorisees par les mesures d'amenagement, mais pas la perdrix grise. Le nombre de perdrix grises, qui restait avant la mise en oeuvre des amenagements, a ete considere comme trop faible pour permettre une augmentation de la densite. Grâce a l'amelioration de l'habitat obtenue par les amenagements, il est maintenant possible d'effectuer des reintroductions de perdrix.
Antibacterial Activity of Abrus precatorius L. Leaves Against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Bacteria

One of the herbal plants that have medicinal properties is Abrus precatorius L or commonly known as Saga in Indonesia. Empirically, the boiled water of saga leaves is widely used as an ingredient in cough medicine, cancer sores and swollen tonsils. The chemical constituents of antibacterial activity in the saga leaves are glycosides (abrusoside AD and abrusgenin), flavonoids and saponins (glycerin). This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of extracts and fractions from saga leaves and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the most active fraction of saga leaves on the growth of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Saga leaf powder was macerated using 96% ethanol, then fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, water as solvent, 96% ethanol extract, and n-hexane fraction. The antibacterial activity test using the diffusion method showed that the extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of saga leaves had antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The most active fraction was the ethyl acetate fraction, with a concentration of 50% with an average inhibition zone diameter of 12.2 mm. The ethyl acetate fraction from saga leaves had the most active antibacterial activity compared to ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction, as seen from the average diameter of the inhibition zone obtained. The test results of the dilution method of the ethyl acetate fraction of saga leaves showed a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 12.5% and a Minimum Killing Concentration of 25%
Automedicação: Uma Abordagem Qualitativa De Suas Motivações Self-medication: a Qualitative Approach of Its Motivations

A qualitative research was realized to verify the occurrence and motivations for self-medication and the quality of the information rendered by pharmacies. We conducted 3 focus groups with 25 patients of a reference public health service for STD treatment in Brasília, Brazil. We used the critical discourse analysis to interpret the data obtained during interviews. The analysis revealed that self-medication was a common practice among participants, motivated mainly by dis-contentment with the long waiting period and the quality of the public health services. Other motivations included: previous experience with medications , advice from friends and family members and the search for an anonymous service provided at pharmacies due to embarrassment and inadequate care environment at health care services. Care provided at pharmacies was also considered unsatisfactory. Viewed essentially as a commercial establishment, pharmacies have become, yet, an easy accessible alternative. Most of participants perceived the pharmacists as ordinary employees seeking only to increase profits. The results suggest a need to improve access to health care services, as well as to render it more humane. Community pharmacies should to be turned into health establishments to participate in health education and orientation for rational drugs use.