Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
For Whom the Bell Tolls : The Political Legacy of China ’ s Cultural Revolution

Does the use of repression undermine authoritarian rulers’ legitimacy? I argue that state repression can make individuals internalize a strategy (trust or distrust) as a heuristic in situations where information acquisition is either costly or imperfect, so repression has a long-lasting negative effect on people’s trust of authoritarian rulers. I test this proposition by studying one of the most tragic episodes of authoritarian repression in the modern era–state terror during China’s Cultural Revolution. I show that individuals who were exposed to more state-sponsored violence in the late 1960s are less trusting of their political leaders at all levels today. Leveraging a variety of identification strategies, including an instrumental variable approach, I am able to make a stronger causal claim. I also explicitly test the norm-based mechanism and rule out an institutional mechanism. My findings contribute to our understanding of how repression affects the long-term legitimacy of authoritarian regimes. ∗Assistant Professor, Department of Government, Harvard University (yuhuawang@fas.harvard.edu). I want to thank Andy Walder for sharing his dataset on Cultural Revolution violence and James Kung and Shuo Chen for sharing their dataset on the Great Famine. Iza Ding, Xiaobo Lü, Jean Oi, Liz Perry, Andy Walder, Yiqing Xu, Fei Yan, and Boliang Zhu have provided helpful comments. All errors remain my own.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO EFLUENTE DA PARBOILIZAÇÃO DO ARROZ

O potencial do efluente da parboilizacao do arroz para producao de proteina de organismos unicelulares foi avaliado, objetivando-se acoplar esta producao com a remocao de nitrogenio nas estacoes de tratamento de efluentes. A agua residuaria utilizada foi oriunda dos tanques de maceracao de arroz de uma industria de Pelotas, RS. As amostragens foram quinzenais por um periodo de 13 meses. O efluente foi caracterizado mediante a determinacao de pH, DQO, compostos nitrogenados (nitrogenio total Kjeldahl, orgânico, amoniacal, nitrato e nitrito), solidos suspensos totais, acidez volatil total, sulfatos e cloretos. A cadeia nitrogenada caracterizou-se por apresentar predominância em nitrogenio orgânico, com baixas concentracoes de formas oxidadas. O efluente demonstrou ser importante fonte de nutrientes em potencial para a producao de proteinas unicelulares.
Evidence for Use or Disuse of Renin–Angiotensin System Modulators in Patients Having COVID-19 With an Underlying Cardiorenal Disorder

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has been declared pandemic by World Health Organization due to an exponential rise in the number of infected and deceased persons across the globe. Emerging reports suggest that susceptibility and mortality rates are higher in patients with certain comorbidities when compared to the average population. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are important risk factors for a lethal outcome of COVID-19. Extensive research ensuing the outbreak of coronavirus-related severe acute respiratory syndrome in the year 2003, and COVID-19 recently revealed a role of renin–angiotensin system (RAS) components in the entry of coronavirus wherein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) had garnered the significant attention. This raises the question whether the use of RAS inhibitors, the backbone of treatment of cardiovascular, neurovascular, and kidney diseases could increase the susceptibility for coronavirus infection or unfortunate outcomes of COVID-19. Thus, currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding the effects of RAS inhibitors in such patients. Moreover, expert bodies like American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and so on have now released official statements that RAS inhibitors must be continued, unless suggested otherwise by a physician. In this brief review, we will elaborate on the role of RAS and ACE2 in pathogenesis of COVID-19. Moreover, we will discuss the potential effect of the use and disuse of RAS inhibitors in patients having COVID-19 with cardiometabolic comorbidities.
A retrospective comparative cohort study on the routine pre-engraftment use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective: Myeloid growth factors have been often used in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation settings. There are some controversies about increased graft versus host disease, relapse, and delayed platelet engraftment with those growth factors in the pre-engraftment period. In this study, we aimed to compare the transplantation outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients according to their myeloid growth factor support status. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven adult acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from HLA-identical matched sibling donors were analyzed retrospectively. All-cause mortality at day 100, day 180, and at 1-year were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures were the engraftment kinetics, length of hospital stay, and graft-versus-host disease incidences. Results: Growth factor supported group was younger (p=0.001), and the first complete remission status at transplantation was seen more compared to the unsupported group (p=0.04). Myeloablative conditioning was used more in growth factor supported group (p=0.004). Faster neutrophil engraftment (p=0.008) and delayed platelet engraftment (p=0.022) were seen in growth factor supported group. Graft-versus-host disease, relapse incidences, and all-cause mortality at day 100, day 180, and at 1-year were not different between groups. Steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease was the only factor related with relapse (OR: 0.196, p=0.043). Conclusion: This real-life study shows colony-stimulating-factors are safe in HLA-identical sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Further prospective randomized controlled studies for different stem cell sources, different donors, and different conditioning and graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis regimens are mandatory.
The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Sex Therapy on Improving Sexual Desire Disorder, Sexual Distress, Sexual Self-Disclosure and Sexual Function in Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Abstract Sexual desire disorder is the most common form of sexual dysfunction among women and is associated with problems like sexual distress and reduced sexual self-disclosure. As a result, this RCT study was conducted with 70 reproductive-age women in the form of 4 weekly group educational sessions. Compared to the control group, the mindfulness-based cognitive-behavioral sex therapy (MBCST) intervention significantly improved sexual -desire, -distress, self-disclosure and -function immediately, 4 and 12 weeks after the educational sessions were completed in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Overall, our findings underscore the significance of the MBCST intervention on improving sexual dysfunction among women. Trial registration number: Iranian registry of clinical trials. IRCT Id: IRCT20160808029255N4. Trial registration date: 17th September 2018. Date of first patient’s enrollment: 19th September 2018. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021. 2008075
Molecular detection and characterization of lumpy skin disease viruses from outbreaks in Thailand in 2021.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is one of the most important transboundary and emerging diseases in cattle. The disease causes significant economic losses in animal production and trade worldwide. The first LSD outbreak was recorded in March 2021, at Roi-Et province in the northeastern region of Thailand. Thereafter, the disease had rapidly spread into neighboring provinces and throughout the country. The aim of the present study was to provide information regarding to the molecular detection and characterization of LSD viruses from outbreaks in Thailand in 2021. There were 1,748,112 susceptible and 604,404 affected animals (n = 588,512 [36.30%], beef cattle; n = 12,367 [15.74%], dairy cattle; and n = 3,524 [7.35%], buffaloes). The morbidity and mortality rates were 34.57% and 3.47%, respectively, and the case fatality rate was 10.05% (60,713 deaths). Based on real-time polymerase chain reaction results, the p32 gene of LSD virus (LSDV) was detected more frequently in skin nodule samples (54/77, 70.13%) than in nasal swabs (26/55, 42.57%) and EDTA blood (16/77, 20.78%) samples. Moreover, the copy number of the p32 gene was higher in skin nodule samples than in nasal swab and EDTA blood samples (cycle threshold value = 21.94 ± 0.62 vs. 31.52 ± 0.66 and 34.27 ± 0.32, respectively). Furthermore, 29 (53.70%) of 54 capripoxvirus-positive skin nodule samples were successfully isolated from Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells, and the cytopathic effect was observed 72 h after inoculation. Based on the phylogenetic trees of the GPCR, ANK, and RPO30 gene sequences, the LSDV isolates from Thailand were distinct from both the LSDV-field and LSDV-vaccine groups and were closely correlated with the LSDV strains isolated from mainland China, Hong Kong territory, and Vietnam in 2020. Additionally, they could be a potential virulent vaccine-recombinant LSDV strain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
All Rise for the Leaders? Leader Characteristics and the Personalisation of Electoral Politics in Central and Eastern European Democracies

Abstract This article explores the extent to which the observable characteristics of political leaders influence the magnitude of electoral personalisation in the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. Using CSES data, it analyses 18 legislative elections spanning 16 years of postcommunism, providing strong evidence that personalisation is relevant and widespread in the region and arguing that the electoral context is relevant for how leader characteristics affect personalisation. Some characteristics stimulate leader effects (age, executive experience, tenure as party chair), while others confine them (being an anti-communist dissident), have ambiguous (being a former communist leader) or no effects (gender, incumbency, time in office).
Antipsychotic Drugs and the Risk of Ventricular Arrhythmia and/or Sudden Cardiac Death: A Nation‐wide Case‐Crossover Study

Background Antipsychotics have been linked to prolongation of the QT interval. However, little is known about the risk of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and/or sudden cardiac death (SCD) associated with individual antipsychotic drug use. This study was designed to investigate the association between specific antipsychotic drugs and the risk of VA and/or SCD. Methods and Results We conducted a case‐crossover study using a nation‐wide population‐based sample obtained from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. A total of 17 718 patients with incident VA and/or SCD were enrolled. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to examine the effects of antipsychotic drug use on the risk of VA/SCD during various case and control time windows of 7, 14, and 28 days. The effect of the potency of a human ether‐à‐go‐go‐related gene (hERG) potassium channel blockade was also assessed. Antipsychotic drug use was associated with a 1.53‐fold increased risk of VA and/or SCD. Antipsychotic drugs with increased risk included clothiapine, haloperidol, prochlorperazine, thioridazine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and sulpiride. The association was significantly higher among those with short‐term use. Antipsychotics with a high potency of the hERG potassium channel blockade had the highest risk of VA and/or SCD. Conclusion Use of antipsychotic drugs is associated with an increased risk of VA and/or SCD. Careful evaluations of the risks and benefits of antipsychotic treatment are highly recommended.
Asian Godfathers: Money and Power in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia

40 or 50 families control the economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia. Their interests range from banking to property, from shipping to sugar, from vice to gambling. 13 of the 50 richest families in the world are in South East Asia yet they are largely unknown outside confined business circles. Often this is because they control the press and television as well as everything else. How do they do it? What are their secrets? And is it good news or bad for the places where they operate? Joe Studwell explosively lifts the lid on a world of staggering secrecy and shows that the little most people know is almost entirely wrong.
Anti-CCP antibody test predicts the disease course during 3 years in early rheumatoid arthritis (the Swedish TIRA project)

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at diagnosis and 3 years later, and to evaluate anti-CCP antibody as a predictor of the disease course during 3 years. Methods: 242 patients with recent onset (⩽1 year) RA were followed up regularly during 3 years after inclusion in the Swedish multicentre study “TIRA” 1996–98. Anti-CCP antibodies were analysed by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Rheumatoid factors (RFs) were analysed by latex agglutination and two isotype-specific (IgM and IgA) EIAs. Disease activity was assessed by plasma CRP, ESR, 28 joint disease activity score, and the physician’s global assessment of disease activity. Functional ability was evaluated by the Health Assessment Questionnaire. Results: Overall, the diagnostic sensitivity of anti-CCP antibodies was 64% and the proportion of positive tests increased with the number of fulfilled classification criteria according to the American College of Rheumatology. The anti-CCP antibody results correlated with RF, but were better than RF as predictor of a more aggressive disease course. After 3 years 5/97 patients had changed anti-CCP status: 2 from negative to positive and 3 from positive to negative. The mean level of anti-CCP antibodies declined by 131 U/ml during the 3 year follow up (95% CI 34 to 228 U/ml). Conclusion: The anti-CCP antibody assay has a similar diagnostic sensitivity to that of RF in early RA, but is better as a predictor of the disease course over 3 years. Although the mean serum level declines, anti-CCP antibody positivity remains essentially unaltered 3 years after diagnosis and start of antirheumatic treatment.
The Pepper WPP Domain Protein, CaWDP1, Acts as a Novel Negative Regulator of Drought Stress via ABA Signaling.

Plants are constantly challenged by various environmental stresses, including high salinity and drought, and they have evolved defense mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of these stresses. The plant hormone ABA regulates plant growth and developmental processes and mediates abiotic stress responses. Here, we report the identiﬁcation and characterization of a novel CaWDP1 ( Capsicum annuum ) protein. The expression of CaWDP1 in pepper leaves was induced by ABA, drought and NaCl treatments, suggesting its role in the abiotic stress response. CaWDP1 proteins show conserved sequence homology with other known WDP1 proteins, and they are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We generated CaWDP1 -silenced peppers via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). We evaluated the responses of these CaWDP1 -silenced pepper plants and CaWDP1- overexpressing (OX) transgenic Arabidopsis plants to ABA and drought. CaWDP1- silenced pepper plants displayed enhanced tolerance to drought stress, and this was characterized by low levels of leaf water loss in the drought-treated leaves. In contrast to CaWDP1 -silenced plants, CaWDP1 -OX plants exhibited an ABA-hyposensitive and drought-susceptible phenotype, which was accompa-nied by high levels of leaf water loss, low leaf temperatures, increased stomatal pore size and low expression levels of stress-responsive genes. Our results indicate that CaWDP1 , a novel pepper negative regulator of ABA, regulates the ABA-mediated defense response to drought stress.
Absence of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide in sera of patients with hepatitis C virus infection and cryoglobulinemia.

OBJECTIVE To determine if antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) are found in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. METHODS Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP were measured in sera from 50 patients with HCV infection but without cryoglobulinemia, sera from 29 patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia (including 13 with rheumatic symptoms and 5 with arthritis), and sera from 20 normal blood donors. Anti-CCP was measured by second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS No sera with elevated anti-CCP were found in patients with HCV infection without cryoglobulinemia, and in that population, the maximum anti-CCP was 10 units, well below the positive cutoff of 20 units. Positive findings on RF testing >13 IU/ml were present in 22 (44%) of the HCV patients, with RF >50 IU/ml in 8 (16%) and a maximum RF of 526 IU/ml. Of the cryoglobulinemia patients, 22 (76%) had positive results on tests for RF, including 18 (62%) with RF >50 IU/ml and a maximum RF of 5,540 IU/ml. Two (6.9%) of the cryoglobulinemia patients had borderline-positive findings on tests for anti-CCP (25 units and 37 units), which were false-positive results caused by nonspecific binding in the ELISA. No association between the RF and the anti-CCP concentrations was found. CONCLUSION Whereas RF was frequent in patients with HCV infection with and without cryoglobulinemia, anti-CCP was not observed in patients with uncomplicated HCV infection. Borderline-positive anti-CCP results were observed infrequently in patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia and were caused by nonspecific binding to plastic. Measurement of anti-CCP may help in diagnosing RA in patients with chronic HCV infection.
Reshaping nationalism: Chinese intellectual response towards Sino-American and Sino-Japanese relations in the twenty-first century

Abstract Since the end of the Cold War, the international arena has witnessed two concurrent worldwide trends. One is the gradual prevalence of universalism under the banner of human civilization; the other is the gradual revival of nationalism globally under exactly the same heading. Both trends are evident in China, a country which in the twenty-first century is perceived universally as a rising nation. However, does Chinese nationalism necessarily pose a threat to the world? By examining two debates on the Chinese intellectual response towards Sino-American and Sino-Japanese relations in the early twenty-first century, this paper investigates the status of Chinese nationalism. It questions whether it is a fixed set of ideas embraced by a solid entity, or whether it possesses multiple layers with dual elements contributing to both security and insecurity internationally. The paper argues that three separate nationalist processes are occurring concurrently but independently of each other: the construction of civic nationalist values; the development of an international relations strategy assigning responsible power to China; and the detection of alleged anti-Chinese conspiracies. The effect of the first two would be to encourage regional peace, and they could offset fervent nationalist expression. A somewhat counter-intuitive result of Chinese nationalism might be that it also becomes a stabilizing force within and outside China's borders.
Is the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma on the waiting list necessary?

Pietro Majno, Riccardo Lencioni, Françoise Mornex, Nicolas Girard, Ronnie T. Poon, and Daniel Cherqui Department of Transplantation and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy; Department of Radiation Oncology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France; Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China; and Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Section, Department of Surgery, New York–Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
A comparison of the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of the first and second anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCP1 and CCP2) autoantibody tests for rheumatoid arthritis

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance and prognostic value of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP1) and anti-CCP2 autoantibody tests in a clinical setting. Methods: Anti-CCP1 and anti-CCP2 antibody tests were performed on the same serum samples obtained from 467 patients with early arthritis from the Leiden Arthritis Cohort. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for discriminating between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA at 1 year’s follow up were calculated for both tests. Results were graphically presented using receiver operating characteristic curves. Progression of radiological joint damage was assessed over 4 years in patients with RA and used to assess the prognostics values of the CCP tests. Results: At a similar specificity the CCP2 test had a higher sensitivity than the CCP1 test. Both tests identified a subgroup of patients with RA with an increased rate of joint damage progression. The anti-CCP2 test identified more patients with an increased rate of joint damage progression than the anti-CCP1 test, and in multiple regression analysis CCP2 was the better predictor of joint damage. Conclusions: The CCP2 test had better diagnostic and prognostic ability than the CCP1 test.
Community Cultural Wealth: Uyghurs, Social Networks, and Education

ABSTRACT This article employs Yosso’s framework of ‘community cultural wealth’ to explore the ways in which educated Uyghurs, one of China’s 56 officially recognized ethnic groups, build on social networks like family and friends to improve their own social standing and contribute to the benefit of their communities. Through Yosso’s lens, ethnic minorities have their own cultural capital, which is distinct from the dominant group, and which can also be maximized to garner a successful status within society. This study undertook to discover: (a) In what ways do Uyghurs draw from their own community resources to navigate within a Mandarin Chinese-dominant education and economic system? (b) In what ways do Uyghurs support others within their own community for success? The article is based on ethnographic fieldwork collected within Xinjiang during the fall of 2013, interviews conducted with educated Uyghurs in Xinjiang and eastern China during multiple visits between the years of 2010-2013, and an analysis of interactive Uyghur language websites during the Spring of 2014.
Is Rate of Stock Returns a Leading Indicator of Output Growth? In the Case of Four East Asian Countries

The link between stock returns and economic growth has been an important research topic in the financial economic literature. The purpose of this study is to employ a threshold vector autoregressive (TVAR) approach in order to investigate the non-linear relationship between stock returns and output growth in the four East Asian countries: Taiwan, Japan, Korea, and Malaysia. The causality between the two under different stock returns regimes are also examined in this study. The empirical findings of this modest study indicate that there is an asymmetric relationship between stock returns and industrial production growth in the four East Asian countries. Finally, the findings from the generalized impulse response function of the VAR model reveal that each country’s stock market disturbance has a greater impulse effect on output growth under bad news regime than under good news regime.