Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effect of oxygen plasma ashing on the resistance of TiN bottom electrode for phase change memory

Phase change memory (PCM) has been regarded as a promising candidate for the next generation of nonvolatile memory. To decrease the power required to reset the PCM cell, titanium nitride (TiN) is preferred to be used as the bottom electrode of PCM due to its low thermal and suitable electrical conductivity. However, during the manufacture of PCM cell in 40 nm process node, abnormally high and discrete distribution of the resistance of TiN bottom electrode was found, which might be induced by the surface oxidation of TiN bottom electrode during the photoresist ashing process by oxygen plasma. In this work, we have studied the oxidation of TiN and found that with the increasing oxygen plasma ashing time, the thickness of the TiO2 layer became thicker and the state of the TiO2 layer changed from amorphous to crystalline, respectively. The resistance of TiN electrode contact chain with 4-5 nm TiO2 layer was confirmed to be almost three-orders of magnitude higher than that of pure TiN electrode, which led to the failure issue of PCM cell. We efficiently removed the oxidation TiO2 layer by a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process, and we eventually recovered the resistance of TiN bottom electrode from 1 × 105 Ω/via back to 6 × 102 Ω/via and successfully achieved a uniform resistance distribution of the TiN bottom electrode.
A 14-bit 80 MS/s CMOS ADC with 84.8 dB SFDR and 72 dB SNDR

This paper presents a design of 14-bit 80 Msample/s pipelined ADC implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS. A charge-sharing correction is proposed to remove the signal-dependent charge-injection, together with a low-jitter clock circuit, guaranteeing the high dynamic performance for the ADC. A scheme of capacitor-switching and a symmetrical layout technique minimizes capacitor mismatch, ensuring the overall linearity. The measured results show that the calibration-free ADC achieves an effective number of bits of 11.6-bit, spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of 84.8 dB, signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 72 dB, differential nonlinearity of +0.63/−0.6 LSB and integrated nonlinearity of +1.3/−0.9 LSB at 36.7 MHz input and maintains over 75 dB SFDR and 59 dB SNDR up to 200 MHz.
Spread spectrum EIT by code division multiplexing

Code division multiplexing is proposed as a new EIT method that can provide simultaneous impedance measurements of the multiple channels. Code division provides clear advantages of a wide frequency range at reduced cost and reduced complexity of sources. A potential drawback is the lack of perfectly orthogonal code sets. The method described provides images and spectra which are equivalent to the conventional time multiplexed method, with increases in frequency resolution and measurement speed which may be of benefit in some applications of EITS.
Trigonometric mollification

An automatic method for data smoothing and numerical differentiation, based on mollification techniques, trigonometric interpolation and the principle of generalized cross validation is presented. With data measured at a discrete set of equidistant points in a given interval, the method allows for the approximate recovery of the function and its first derivative on the entire domain. The trigonometric mollification algorithm provides a functional representation for the mollified computed approximations that guarantees good fitting near the endpoints of the interval and the usage of small values of the regularization parameters -radii of mollification- if necessary. These parameters are chosen automatically although no information about the noise distribution is assumed. Error estimates are included together with several numerical examples of interest.
Project Success: A Cultural Framework

This paper presents results of a qualitative study of the adoption of Project Management (PM) practices in an Information Technology (IT) division of a large manufacturing company. Structured interviews were used to gather data from a cross section of IT divisional leaders in the company to test and confirm a project management system developed from a literature review of project success factors that have contributed to projects' being on time, on budget, and of high quality. Data analysis using organization development (OD) grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin, 1990) identified common themes and cultural values that exist among the eight participants. Results of this study include the development of cultural framework to improve organization project performance (project success model) based on organization system design methods constructed from sociotechnical system theory (Taylor & Felton, 1993) and open system theory (Emery and Purser, 1996). In addition, the study confirmed the proposed open system design for the successful adoption of project management practices comprised of a project manager, project teams, performance measurement systems, and supporting management practices. An important conclusion from this research was that IT organizations that adopt the confirmed project success model must develop a project management culture based on shared cultural values of the organization's members that support adoption of project management. An implication of this study to the fields of organization development and project management is the confirmation of a project management system that IT organizations, OD practitioners, and project managers can employ to support the adoption of project management practices at both the organizational and project levels.
The relationship between the radio core-dominance parameter and spectral index in different classes of extragalactic radio sources (III)

Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can be divided into two major classes, namely radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs. A small subset of the radio-loud AGNs is called blazars, which are believed to be unified with Fanaroff-Riley type I and type II (FRI&II) radio galaxies. Following our previous work, we present a latest sample of 966 sources with measured radio flux densities of the core and extended components. The sample includes 83 BL Lacs, 473 flat spectrum radio quasars, 101 Seyferts, 245 galaxies, 52 FRIs&IIs and 12 unidentified sources. We then calculate the radio core-dominance parameters and spectral indices and study their relationship. Our analysis shows that the core-dominance parameters and spectral indices are quite different for different types of sources. We also confirm that the correlation between core-dominance parameter and radio spectral index extends over all the sources in a large sample presented.
Muon and cosmogenic neutron detection in Borexino

Borexino, a liquid scintillator detector at LNGS, is designed for the detection of neutrinos and antineutrinos from the Sun, supernovae, nuclear reactors, and the Earth. The feeble nature of these signals requires a strong suppression of backgrounds below a few MeV. Very low intrinsic radiogenic contamination of all detector components needs to be accompanied by the efficient identification of muons and of muon-induced backgrounds. Muons produce unstable nuclei by spallation processes along their trajectory through the detector whose decays can mimic the expected signals; for isotopes with half-lives longer than a few seconds, the dead time induced by a muon-related veto becomes unacceptably long, unless its application can be restricted to a sub-volume along the muon track. Consequently, not only the identification of muons with very high efficiency but also a precise reconstruction of their tracks is of primary importance for the physics program of the experiment. The Borexino inner detector is surrounded by an outer water-Cherenkov detector that plays a fundamental role in accomplishing this task. The detector design principles and their implementation are described. The strategies adopted to identify muons are reviewed and their efficiency is evaluated. The overall muon veto efficiency is found to be 99.992 % or better. Ad-hoc track reconstruction algorithms developed are presented. Their performance is tested against muon events of known direction such as those from the CNGS neutrino beam, test tracks available from a dedicated External Muon Tracker and cosmic muons whose angular distribution reflects the local overburden profile. The achieved angular resolution is ∼ 3°-5° and the lateral resolution is ∼ 35-50 cm, depending on the impact parameter of the crossing muon. The methods implemented to efficiently tag cosmogenic neutrons are also presented.
Quantifying information of intracellular signaling: progress with machine learning

Cells convey information about their extracellular environment to their core functional machineries. Studying the capacity of intracellular signaling pathways to transmit information addresses fundamental questions about living systems. Here, we review how information-theoretic approaches have been used to quantify information transmission by signaling pathways that are functionally pleiotropic and subject to molecular stochasticity. We describe how recent advances in machine learning have been leveraged to address the challenges of complex temporal trajectory datasets and how these have contributed to our understanding of how cells employ temporal coding to appropriately adapt to environmental perturbations.
Low background x-ray detection with Micromegas for axion research

Axion helioscopes aim at the detection of solar axions through their conversion into x-rays in laboratory magnetic fields. The use of low background x-ray detectors is an essential component contributing to the sensitivity of these searches. Here we review the recent advances on Micromegas detectors used in the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) and proposed for the future International Axion Observatory (IAXO). The most recent Micromegas setups in CAST have achieved background levels of 1.5 × 10−6 keV−1 cm−2 s−1, a factor of more than 100 lower than the ones obtained by the first generation of CAST detectors. This improvement is due to the development of active and passive shielding techniques, offline discrimination techniques allowed by highly granular readout patterns, as well as the use of radiopure detector components. The status of the intensive R&D to reduce the background levels will be described, including the operation of replica detectors in test benches and the detailed Geant4 simulation of the detector setup and the detector response, which has allowed the progressive understanding of background origins. The best levels currently achieved in a test setup operating in the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) are as low as ∼ 10−7 keV−1 cm−2 s−1, showing the good prospects of this technology for application in the future IAXO.
Three-dimensional integrated circuits and test methods

A plurality of three-dimensional integrated circuit chips each comprising a pair of connecting portions, the test signal generating circuit, and the test result judgment circuit. Electrically connecting a pair of connection portions in a plurality of chips adjacent chip. Test signal generation circuit sends a test signal to a pair of connecting portions. Another test result judgment circuit receives signals from a pair of connecting portions, based on the status of the signal detected by the conductive state of the signal transmission path. A plurality of chips prior to lamination, to form a series connection between a pair of conductors connected to connecting portions, each connecting conducting state detecting portion in accordance with the conductive state of the series connection. On the other hand, when the plurality of chips are stacked, by a chip from the test signal generation circuit sends a test signal determining the test result receiving circuit chip, another, conducting state connecting portion between the test chip.
The Development of Bank Application for Debtors Selection by Using Naïve Bayes Classifier Technique

The purpose of this study is to create an application that functions automatically with high accuracy when analyzing bank customer data. This needed due to non-performing loans occurring frequently caused by the inaccuracy of credit analysts in the assessment of creditworthiness. This can be seen in the incident occurred in a public bank located in Bandung. This bank does not have the database that serves to accommodate data history and the method used in assessing creditworthiness is merely based on the simple statistical analysis. This leads to reduced accuracy and speed in the decision-making process. This research applies Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) method, a Data Mining technique. This helps credit analysts to select customers who are truly eligible to be given credit so that non-performing loan can be avoided. NBC calculates the probability of one class from each group of attributes and determines which class is most optimal. The accuracy of the NBC sampling test from 500 data is 95% compared to the decision made by a credit analyst. It can be concluded that this application is very helpful for credit analysts in recommending customers who are eligible for a loan to the bank’s decision maker.
Wdrożenie nowego produktu innowacyjnego na przykładzie programu motywacyjno-zdrowotnego Spirolife

The analysis of research results allows to establish that there exist several potential development areas for Spirolife. These originate primarily from the innovation of the offer constituting a rare combination of coaching support combined with health-improvement program, enabling the overworked to introduce a more balanced lifestyle. In view of the present market trends, a growing need for caring for oneself and one’s health, this seems an interesting and promising offer. Feedback collected in the course of running the program offers growth perspectives. In order to engage clients in the project more effectively, elements of gamification were introduced. Such an approach enables clients to see their individual steps and successes on the road to changing their habits into more pro-health ones.
Observed difficulties during implementation of quality management systems in Brazilian manufacturing companies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difficulties observed during implementation of quality management systems (QMSs) in Brazilian manufacturing companies. Design/methodology/approach The methodological strategy used was a literature review, a panel of experts and a survey. Through the literature review, 15 difficulties associated with the implementation of QMS were raised; these were organized into latent variables by specialists in the subject and served as the basis for a survey. In total, 123 professionals working with quality management in manufacturing companies participated in the research and the data collected were analyzed by means of second-order confirmatory factorial analysis. Findings The results allowed the validation of the 15 difficulties observed in the literature, and it was evidenced that these difficulties are structured in four latent variables as follows: difficulties associated with employees; difficulties associated with QMS structuration; difficulties associated with integration; and difficulties resulting from the planning. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this research is the sample size, because 123 professionals that work with quality management in manufacturing companies participated in the research. It should be noted, however, that all parameters evaluated through the second-order confirmatory factorial analysis were validated. Practical implications The findings have great value for both quality management professionals, who may use those findings to guide the pre-implementation phase of a QMS, and researchers, who may use those findings as a foundation for future studies, in the development of models or tools related to QMS implementation. Originality/value No other paper was found on the scientific basis with the same focus for Brazilian manufacturing companies, thus demonstrating originality. The value of the research lies in the fact that the results presented here, statistically validated, may be used by other researchers and market professionals.
Electric Power System Operations with a Variable Series Reactor

Series FACTS devices, such as a Variable Series Reactor (VSR), have the ability to continuously regulate the transmission line reactance so as to control power flow. This research work evaluates the benefits brought by VSRs in different aspects of power system and develops efficient planning models and algorithms to provide optimal investment plan for the VSRs. First, an optimization approach capable of finding both optimal locations and settings of VSRs under a specific operating condition is developed. The tool implements a full ac model as well as detailed models for different power system components. Second, an optimization tool which can optimally allocate VSRs to improve the load margin in a transmission network considering a multi-scenario framework including base case and some critical contingencies is proposed. Starting from a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model, a reformulation technique is leveraged to transform the MINLP model into a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model so that it is computationally tractable for large scale power systems. Detailed numerical simulations on the practical Northwest US power network demonstrate the proposed technique and the capability of VSRs. Third, the VSR is introduced in the Transmission Expansion Planning (TEP) problem. A security constrained multi-stage TEP with the VSR is formulated as an MILP model. To reduce the computational burden for a practical large scale system, a decomposition approach is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the
A Collective Learning Approach for Semi-Supervised Data Classification

Öz Semi-supervised data classification is one of significant field of study in machine learning and data mining since it deals with datasets which consists both a few labeled and many unlabeled data. The researchers have interest in this field because in real life most of the datasets have this feature. In this paper we suggest a collective method for solving semi-supervised data classification problems. Examples in R 1 presented and solved to gain a clear understanding. For comparison between state of art methods, well-known machine learning tool WEKA is used. Experiments are made on real-world datasets provided in UCI dataset repository. Results are shown in tables in terms of testing accuracies by use of ten fold cross validation
Toward an understanding of the building blocks: constructing programs for high processor count systems

Technology and industry trends have clearly shown that the future of technical computing lies in exploitation of more processors in larger multiprocessor systems. Exploitation of high processor count architectures demands a more thorough understanding of the underlying system dynamics and an accounting for them in the design of high-performance applications. Currently these dynamics are incompletely described by the widely adopted benchmarks and kernel metrics. Systems are most often characterized to allow comparisons and ranking. Often the characterizations are in the form of a scalar measure of some aspect of system performance that is a ‘not to exceed’ number: the maximum possible level of performance that could be attained. While such comparisons typically drive both system design and procurement, more useful characterizations can be used to drive application development and design. This paper explores a few of these measures and presents a few simple examples of their application. The first set of metrics addresses individual processor performance, specifically performance related to memory references. The second set of metrics attempts to describe the behavior of the message-passing system under load and across a range of conditions.
HECTOR, a fast simulator for the transport of particles in beamlines

Computing the trajectories of particles in generic beamlines is an important ingredient of experimental particle physics, in particular regarding near-beam detectors. A new tool, HECTOR, has been built for such calculations, using the transfer matrix approach and energy corrections. The limiting aperture effects are also taken into account. As an illustration, the tool was used to simulate the LHC beamlines, in particular around the high luminosity interaction points (IPs), and validated with results of the MAD-X simulator. The LHC beam profiles, trajectories and beta functions are presented. Assuming certain forward proton detector scenarios around the IP5, acceptance plots, irradiation doses and chromaticity grids are produced. Furthermore, the reconstruction of proton kinematic variables at the IP (energy and angle) is studied as well as the impact of the misalignment of beamline elements.
Determination of charge state, energy and angular distributions of tin ions emitted from laser produced plasma based EUV sources.

We have performed time of flight (TOF) analysis to determine the intensity of ion distribution from tin based plasma for a range of charged tin ions (Sn1+-Sn10+). A Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm with a full width at half maximum pulse duration of 5.2 ns was used to create the plasma under vacuum with a base pressure of 10−6 Torr. The plasma formation occurred on a custom made optical system, which could be rotated with respect to the detector so TOF analysis could be preformed at various angles of emission, while maintaining a normal angle of incidence for the laser pulse with respect to the target. The detector used was an energy sector analyser (ESA), which is a well-characterised diagnostic capable of measuring ion energy and discriminating by charge state. Analysis was performed on ions of various charge states, with energy/charge state ratios ranging from 3 keV to 50 eV, for angles of emission from the plasma ranging from 90 to 15 degrees.
Fabrication of Al/Babbitt surface bearing through friction stir processing

Purpose A self-lubricant surface composite including Al matrix and Babbitt alloy 11 reinforcement has been fabricated via friction stir processing (FSP). Design/methodology/approach The optimum processing condition is estimated by statistical analysis of a L9 Taguchi design of experiment. The results of Taguchi analysis suggested four passes of FSP, traverse speed of 40 mm/min and rotational speeds of 1,250 rpm as the optimum parameters to achieve higher hardness and wear resistance. Findings The needle-shaped particles are fragmented into the finer particles after FSP. There is uniform distribution of precipitations after FSP. The microhardness of manufactured surface bearings has been increased. Finer particles, smaller grains and in situ formed intermetallic precipitations (AlSb) can be responsible for hardness enhancement. Wear resistance of base metal also has been remarkably enhanced after FSP. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in the following: new self-lubricating surface composite; a tough and resistant to wear sheets; and using a solid-state method to fabricate a surface bearing.
Study on UPF Harmonic Current Detection Method Based on DSP

Unity power factor (UPF) harmonic current detection method applied to active power filter (APF) is presented in this paper. The intention of this method is to make nonlinear loads and active power filter in parallel to be an equivalent resistance. So after compensation, source current is sinusoidal, and has the same shape of source voltage. Meanwhile, there is no harmonic in source current, and the power factor becomes one. The mathematic model of proposed method and the optimum project for equivalent low pass filter in measurement are presented. Finally, the proposed detection method applied to a shunt active power filter experimental prototype based on DSP TMS320F2812 is developed. Simulation and experiment results indicate the method is simple and easy to implement, and can obtain the real-time calculation of harmonic current exactly.