Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical test for dynamical nonstationarity in observed time-series data

Information in the time distribution of points in a state space reconstructed from observed data yields a test for {open_quotes}nonstationarity. {close_quotes} Framed in terms of a statistical hypothesis test, this numerical algorithm can discern whether some underlying slow changes in parameters have taken place. The method examines a fundamental object in nonlinear dynamics, the geometry of orbits in state space, with corrections to overcome difficulties in real dynamical data which cause naive statistics to fail. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Design and Characterization of Dual-Band-Pass Filters for Optical Communications

Recently, a need for dual transmission band interference lter has existed in the area of optical communications. We designed a ve-cavity dual-band-pass lter, which transmits the 1310 nm band and the 1550 nm band simultaneously. This design has 81 layers of Ta2O5 and SiO2 layers alternately and an overall thickness of 33.3 microns, in which most of the layers are quarter and half wavelength layers or multiples of these units, except for the last 9 layers. Based on this design, we deposited dual-band-pass lters using a dual-ion-beam sputtering method with an optical monitoring system. The results show that the lter shape has a sharp slope and that the transmittances of the 1310 nm band and the 1550 nm band are both higher than 0.5 dB.
Yellow giants - A new class of radial velocity variable

The five K giants and one K supergiant included in a precise (HF) radial velocity program all show significant long-term (about 1 yr), low-amplitude (30-300 m/s rms) radial velocity variations which make them unsuitable as precise radial velocity standars. Arcturus has been discussed in detail elsewhere, and the supergiant Epsilon Peg is probably a semiregular variable. The sampling in the five years of data is inadequate to say whether the giants are related to the Cepheid or Mira variables or form an independent class. The amplitudes of the long-term radial velocity variations of the giants and supergiant are correlated with the level of chromospheric activity shown by K line emission intensity and its fluctuation as seen in He I 10830-A. 19 refs.
A Deep Learning Parking Detection Algorithm Using W-Shape Magnetic Wireless Sensor Networks

With the number of motor vehicles in cities rapidly increasing, scheduling and management in large parking lots need to be timelier and more accurate, and vehicle detection technology plays a crucial role in this process. Magnetic sensors have attracted enormous interest in vehicle detection owing to their low cost and easy installation. However, most of the studies extract features manually, and the results are given by the potential difference in magnetic signal which is susceptible to environmental interference. Moreover, each parking space corresponds to a sensor, which is costly to deploy and maintain in a large parking lot. The main challenge lies in the difficulty of eliminating the interferences from vehicles in adjacent parking spaces that decrease the accuracy. In this article, a deep learning parking detection algorithm based on $W$ -shape magnetic wireless sensor network is proposed for large parking lots with vertical parking spaces. The number of required sensors is greatly reduced by analyzing the sensor deployment which can greatly reduce the costs accordingly. To improve the adaptability of the algorithm in different environments, the deep learning model is trained with the collaborative information from multiple sensors. Test in the actual scene shows that the algorithm can significantly reduce costs and improve adaptability while ensuring high detection accuracy. Thus, it is easier to implement in large parking lots.
A Brief Evaluation of Antioxidants, Antistatics, and Plasticizers Additives from Natural Sources for Polymers Formulation

The circular economy plays an important role in the preparation and recycling of polymers. Research groups in different fields, such as materials science, pharmaceutical and engineering, have focused on building sustainable polymers to minimize the release of toxic products. Recent studies focused on the circular economy have suggested developing new polymeric materials based on renewable and sustainable sources, such as using biomass waste to obtain raw materials to prepare new functional bio-additives. This review presents some of the main characteristics of common polymer additives, such as antioxidants, antistatic agents and plasticizers, and recent research in developing bio-alternatives. Examples of these alternatives include the use of polysaccharides from agro-industrial waste streams that can be used as antioxidants, and chitosan which can be used as an antistatic agent.
Effects of a conventional aphrodisiac: a twenty eight day repeated administration of Sildenafil citrate graded doses on experimental rats

Sildenafil citrate (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5I), has long been used as a first-line oral treatment for erectile dysfunction. While it has beneficial effects on the erectile organ, it also has some negative effects on other cells and/or tissues related to the reproductive system when exposed for an extended period of time. The purpose of this study was to study the long term effect of Viagra on sperm parameters in male Wistar albino rats. Twenty (20) albino male Wistar rats were selected into four groups (n=5) randomly. The control group was administered 1 mL/kg of distilled water while 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg body weight of Sildenafil citrate were administered once in a day for 28 days to three treatment groups of rats. Oral administration was done using oropharyngeal cannula once daily for 28 days. At the end of the trial period animals were sacrificed on the 29th day, and epididymal sperm and testes were collected subject to various analytical assays. Findings showed significant reduction in sperm count and sperm normality, with a significant incremental in sperm malformations/abnormality in 28 days Viagra exposed animal when compared to the control. The testicular assay depicted histopathological alterations in testes of male rats treated with Sildenafil citrate at all dose levels. The current study clearly demonstrated that long-term use of Viagra caused changes in sperm quality and quantity, resulting in a decrease in fertility rate. It also suggested that Viagra had an effect on spermatogenesis and epididymal function. Understanding the molecular downstream events involved in long-term PDE5 inhibitor exposure can be useful for supervising infertility related issues and suggesting corrective measures.
Planning for the cultural economy: lessons from Ontario, Canada

ABSTRACT This paper examines how policymakers interpret and deploy cultural economy approaches within municipal economic development strategies and cultural plans. Focusing on the 33 largest municipalities in Ontario, Canada, we conduct a keyword analysis of 63 municipal planning documents, supplemented with key informant interviews with economic development and cultural planning staff. Our analysis reveals that the use of cultural economy approaches in economic development and cultural plans varies depending upon city size, municipal governance structure and municipal organizational structure. However, despite the widespread use of cultural economy ideas in planning documents, we conclude that its uptake in municipal policymaking fails to reflect its professional and scholarly popularity.
An Examination of the 4 Rs 2 Ss for Problem Behaviors: A Preventive Approach

Early treatment of behavioral problems can prevent their progression into intractable disorders. This study examined the impact of a multiple family group (MFG) intervention for children with behavior symptoms and their families. Fifty-four (n = 54) caregiver/child dyads with sub-clinical levels of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) participated in a 16-week MFG. Child, caregiver, and family outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at 6 months follow-up. Significant decreases in impairment with parents, family members, and peers, and improvements in child self-esteem were found from baseline to follow-up. Caregiver stress increased; no significant changes in depression or perceived social support were found over time. The effectiveness of MFG as a preventive approach and areas of future research are discussed.
Extracting work from absence of correlations

As Landauer’s Principle and Szilard’s engine illustrate, the reduction of a system’s entropy costs work, while its increase can be used to extract work from a heat bath. One consequence in standard thermodynamics is that correlations have work value: the total entropy of two correlated systems is less than the sum of their local entropies, and thus work can be extracted if this correlation is consumed. In this paper, we show that the situation is surprisingly different for microscopic and quantum systems far from the thermodynamic limit: quite the contrary, absence of correlations can be used to extract work. Recently, it has been shown that the possible state transitions in the microscopic regime are severely limited by an infinite family of “second laws”. We show that stochastic independence, if consumed as a resource, allows to overcome these limitations, to extract additional work reliably, and to achieve all state transitions that are otherwise only possible in the thermodynamic limit. Our result also yields an operational non-asymptotic characterization of von Neumann (neg-)entropy in terms of a majorization relation which generalizes the trumping relation from entanglement theory.
Friction between atomically flat surfaces

We investigate the mechanism of atomic friction between two infinitely extended atomically flat surfaces within a two-dimensional Frenkel-Kontorova-Tomlinson model. The surfaces are identical but are rotated with respect to each other through an arbitrary misfit angle. The misfit gives rise to the formation of domains where every potential valley contains exactly one particle. They are separated by two sets of shift lines, crossing each other in topological defects. During quasistatic sliding, the whole domain pattern moves perpendicular to the driving force. Dissipation and friction hysteresis in the quasistatic limit are caused by irreversible jumps of these topological defects, which are the two-dimensional analogues of discommensurations occurring in the one-dimensional case of friction between chains with different lattice constants. Critical spring constants for the occurrence of instabilities can be derived. Friction shows strong dependence on both the misfit angle and the pulling direction. The relevance of the theoretical study for friction experiments on the nanoscale is discussed.
Structural Metaphors in The Glorious Qur'an with Reference to Their Realizations in English

This study sets out to investigate structural metaphors in The Glorious Qur’an within the framework of conceptual metaphor theory. It represents part of our experience from a cognitive semantic perspective. Structural metaphors are used to structure and understand the abstract concepts in terms of more clear and delineated ones. Structural metaphors perform an important function when they are used in The Glorious Qur'an, in that It is characterized by Its uniqueness, style and its aesthetic and rhetoric structures. Structural metaphors play an essential role in opening new horizons for readers to understand the deeper meanings of the Qura'nic Ayas which are used metaphorically in order to give a specific significance whether intellectual, psychological or aesthetic. This study comes to investigate structural metaphors in The Glorious Qur'an. It is hypothesized that structural metaphors are commonly used in The Glorious Qur'an. Structural metaphors are used in The Glorious Qur'an to facilitate the understanding of abstract concepts in terms of concrete ones. It is also hypnotized that the use of structural metaphors in The Glorious Qur'an is meant to meet specific rhetorical meanings. To carry out the present study, nine Ayas from The Glorious Qur'an are studied with the analysis of three different translations to check to what extent these translations give equivalent translations to structural metaphors. These translations are Pickthall (1930), Ali (1987) and Al-Hilali and Khan (1996). The most important conclusions of this study are: 1)structural metaphors have a decisive role in determining the precise meaning of the Qur'anic texts and 2) among the semantic significances employed by these metaphors, intellectual significances are used abundantly.
Early type 2 diabetes treatment intensification with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in primary care: An Australian perspective on guidelines and the global evidence

Early and intensive management of type 2 diabetes has been shown to delay disease progression, reduce the risk of cardiorenal complications and prolong time to treatment failure. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are being increasingly recognized for their potential in early disease management, with recent guideline updates recommending second‐line use of this injectable drug class alongside oral glucose‐lowering drugs. GLP‐1RAs target at least six of the eight core defects implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and offer significant glycaemic and weight‐related improvements over other second‐line agents in head‐to‐head trials. In addition, placebo‐controlled clinical trials have shown cardiovascular protection with GLP‐1RA use. Even so, this therapeutic class is underused in primary care, largely owing to clinical inertia and patient‐related barriers to early intensification with GLP‐1RAs. Fortunately, clinicians can overcome barriers to treatment acceptance through patient education and training, and management of treatment expectations. In this review we comment on global and Australian guideline updates and evidence in support of early intensification with this therapeutic class, and provide clinicians with practical advice for GLP‐1RA use in primary care.
Magnetic helicity evolution inside a hexagonal convective cell

Abstract Magnetic helicity has received considerable attention in the area of fluid dynamics. Recently, this quantity is attracting the interest of solar physicists and much research has been carried out related to magnetic helicity generation and transport through different solar layers, starting from the interior and the convection zone, towards the photosphere, the corona and finally into the heliosphere. Taking into account the global importance of supergranular cells in convection theories, we study the motion of magnetic features into such a geometrical element simplified as hexagonal cell and we analyse the results in terms of the accumulated magnetic helicity. We compute the emergence of a bipole inside the hexagonal cell and its motion from the centre of the cell towards its sides and its vertices, where the magnetic elements are considered to be sinking down. Multiple bipoles are also considered and phenomena such as cancellation, coalescence and fragmentation are also investigated. We find that the most important process for the accumulation of magnetic helicity is the shear motion between the polarities. The magnetic helicity accumulation changes its trend when one polarity reaches the side of the hexagon, and later the vertex. It has zero value when there is no shear motion inside the hexagonal cell, and it is constant when there is no shear between the two polarities during their motion along the cell sides.
Return to Martial Arts after Surgical Treatment of the Cervical Spine: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature for an Evidence-Based Approach

Background: Cervical spine injuries are considered common in athlete populations, especially in those involved in high-contact sports. In some cases, surgical treatment can be necessary, and, therefore, return-to-play (RTP) after surgery represent a notable issue. Methods: We performed a systematic review of literature according to the PRISMA statement guidelines using the following search algorithm: ((“ACDF”) OR (“cervical spine surgery”) OR (“neck surgery”) OR (“cervical discectomy”) OR (“foraminotomy”) OR (“cervical disc replacement”)) AND ((“return to play”) OR (“athlete”) OR (“contact sports”) OR (“martial arts”)). The search was performed on 21 October 2022. We included only articles in which operative treatment for the cervical spine was performed and return to martial art activity was declared in the text. Results: Eight articles were selected, including 23 athletes who practice wrestling (n = 16), kickboxing (n = 1), sumo (n = 1) or other unspecified martial arts (n = 5). We also included the case of a young judoka who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) at our hospital. About 88% (21 of 24 cases) of martial arts practitioners returned to play after cervical spine surgery, and no major complications were reported after RTP. Four patients (16.7%) returned in 0–3 months; 41.7% (10 of 24) returned in 3–6 months; 29.2% (7 of 24) returned after a period longer than 6 months. ACDF is the most used procedure. The level of evidence in the included articles is low: only case reports are available, including some single-case studies. Moreover, a small number of cases have been reported, and the examined data are very heterogeneous. Conclusions: Return to martial arts within one year after cervical spine surgery is generally safe, even if case-by-case evaluation is, however, necessary. Further studies are necessary to corroborate the present findings in a larger population.
Determination of the wavelength of zero material dispersion in optical fibres by pulse-delay measurements

Pulse delay measurements on fibres are reported, made over a wide wavelength range straddling the zero of material dispersion. Results for phosphosilicate and a range of germania doped fibres indicate that the wavelength of negligible material dispersion lies in the range 1270-1400 nm. The optimum wavelength depends on the concentration for fibres containing germania.
EFFECT OF SOME SAFE AGRICULTURAL TREATMENTS ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF NIGELLA SATIVA L. PLANTS UNDER SOUTH SINAI CONDITIONS

field experiment was conducted in a private farm at Tour Sinai, South Sinai, during two consecutive winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 to study the influence of bio-fertilization treatments (with and without bio-fertilizer) and bio-stimulant treatments, which contain ‘marine algae extract, humic acid and some micro elements’, on vegetative and yield traits as well as chemical constituents of black cumin ( Nigella sativa L.) plants. The bio-stimulants were applied as control, 5 ml/l and 10 ml/l as foliar spray, 5 ml/l and 10 ml/l as soil drench. From the results it was observed that, all growth traits, yield components, oil production as well as chemical components in seeds were affected significantly by the bio-fertilizer treatment. Also, all bio-stimulant treatments showed significant differences in this regard in comparison with control treatment. The superior interaction treatment in this respect was that the combination between the bio-fertilizer and bio-stimulant at 10 ml/l as foliar spraying, which recorded a significant increase and the highest values in this concern. Also, scored the major components of the essential oil which were lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid
Incidence of surgery after gamma knife radiosurgery for parasagittaland parafalcine meningiomas is higher than meningiomas in other locations: A 10-year institutional analysis and review of the literature

Background: Parasagittal and Parafalcine Meningiomas (PSPF) have a higher rate of recurrence, increased risk of postoperative morbidities, and less favorable outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery compared to other ocations. Herein, we try to find factors associated with treatment failure after radiosurgery in patients with PSPF meningiomas. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 104 patients with 130 Gamma Knife® Radiosurgery (GKRS) treatments for individual meningiomas at a single institution. 38 were PSPF compared to 92 in non-PSPF locations. Results: The PSPF group showed a significantly higher rate of surgical intervention after radiosurgery compared to the non-PSPF group (18.4% vs 4.4, p = 0.008 in univariate analysis). The relative risk for a PSPF tumor requiring surgery after GKRS was 4.24, with an odds ratio of 4.97 (95% CI: [1.32-13.63], p = 0.015). The average tumor size between the PSPF group and the non-PSPF group was 3.53 cm3 and 2.28 cm3, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.035) on univariant analysis, but not multivariate (p = 0.125). In the whole sample, for tumors >5 cm3, the relative risk ratio for needing surgery after GKRS was 6.23 with an odds ratio of 8.32 (95% CI: [2.25-30.67], p = 0.0015). Both PSPF and non-PSPF meningiomas were similar in gender, follow-up length, prior surgical intervention, and WHO grades. Conclusion: Meningiomas’ outcome and response to radiosurgery depend on their location. We have two possible explanations. First, PSPF tumors are located near sensitive cerebral cortex areas. Second, the tumor’s mutational profile affects meningiomas’ location and prognosis.
Falls in Patients With Communication Disability Secondary to Stroke

Patients with stroke are at high risk of falls during inpatient rehabilitation admission. Communication disability is common following stroke; however, this population is often excluded from falls research. This study aimed to examine the falls of patients with communication disability following stroke, including the circumstances, contributing factors, and outcomes of the fall. This medical record review used the Generic Reference Model of patient safety as the analytical lens and data were analyzed descriptively. The study included 109 patients who experienced 308 falls. The most common type of fall was an “unwitnessed roll from bed. ” Patient factors contributed to half of all falls, injuries occurred in 15% of falls, and impacts to the hospital system included additional costs and staffing. Understanding the reasons why patients are attempting to get out of bed may identify ways to reduce the risk and incidence of falls in this population.
hp FEM for Reaction-Diffusion Equations I: Robust Exponential Convergence

A singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equation in two dimensions is considered. We assume analyticity of the input data, i.e., the boundary of the domain is an analytic curve and the right-hand side is analytic. We show that the hp version of the finite element method leads to robust exponential convergence provided that one layer of needle elements of width $O(p \eps)$ is inserted near the domain boundary, that is, the rate of convergence is $O(\mbox{\rm exp} (-b p))$ and independent of the perturbation parameter $\eps$. Additionally, we show that the use of numerical quadrature for the evaluation of the stiffness matrix and the load vector retains the exponential rate of convergence. In particular, the spectral element method based on the use of a Gauss--Lobatto quadrature rule with (p+1)x (p+1) points yields robust exponential convergence.