Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fiber-Optic Intracranial Pressure Monitoring System Using Wi-Fi—An In Vivo Study

BACKGROUND: Continuous invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) is essential in neurocritical care for surveillance and management of raised ICP. Fluid-based systems and strain gauge microsensors remain the current standard. In the past few decades, several studies with wireless monitoring were developed aiming to reduce invasiveness and complications. OBJECTIVE: To describe a novel Wi-Fi fiber-optic device for continuous ICP monitoring using smartphone in a swine model. METHODS: Two ICP sensors (wireless prototype and wire-based reference) were implanted in the cerebral parenchyma of a swine model for a total of 120 minutes of continuous monitoring. Every 5 minutes, jugular veins compression was performed to evaluate ICP changes. The experimentation was divided in 3 phases for comparison and analysis. RESULTS: Phase 1 showed agreement in ICP changes for both sensors during jugular compression and releasing, with a positive and strong Spearman correlation (r = 0.829, P < .001). Phase 2 started after inversion of the sensors in the burr holes; there was a positive and moderately weak Spearman correlation (r = 0.262, P < .001). For phase 3, the sensors were returned to the first burr holes; the prototype behaved similarly to the reference sensor, presenting a positive and moderately strong Spearman correlation (r = 0.669, P < .001). CONCLUSION: A Wi-Fi ICP monitoring system was demonstrated in a comprehensive and feasible way. It was possible to observe, using smartphone, an adequate correlation regarding ICP variations. Further adaptations are already being developed.
Bamboo leaves: sustainable feedstock in pharmaceuticals, food, and agricultural sector

ABSTRACT Bamboo is regarded as one of the essential non-timber forest goods globally. Bamboo comes under the category of rapidly shooting up plants. It has a fast-growing rate. Bamboo and its parts are well-known for their multiple industrial uses, but a few decades of research have recognized their importance in various fields of science. The main aim of our study is on bamboo leaves due to their readily availabilty with the cost-effectiveness and act as sustainable feedstock in the pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture sectors. Furthermore, bamboo leaves have inherent potential sources like phytochemicals, polyphenols, nano-particles, etc. These bioactive components from the bamboo leaves play several roles as anti-oxidants, anti-carcinogens, anti-angiogenesis, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, etc., in various scientific fields. Various bamboo species like Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis, Phyllostachys aurea, Bambusa arundinaceae, Dendrocalamus strictus(Roxb.), Phyllostachys edulis, Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens. Gramineae etc. have been successfully used as a source for Tricin, silver nanoparticles etc. Therefore, bamboo leaves exhibit different combinations of characters. Although attention to studying bamboo leaves has increased, synergistic research is still limited. This shows that bamboo leaves and their beneficial properties can be enhanced for more innovative discoveries in the future. This paper gives an overview of the importance of bamboo leaves in the pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture sectors. Highlights Bamboo is regarded as a potential bioresource and has many bioactive components. The bioactive components such as anti-oxidants, anti-carcinogens, anti-angiogenesis, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, etc. can be utilized effectively from bamboo leaves Bamboo leaves exhibit different combinations of characteristics and can be utilized in pharmaceutical, food, and agriculture sectors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Tunable Chemical Reactivity and Selectivity of WO3/TiO2 Heterojunction for Gas Sensing Applications

Nowadays, there is a dramatically growing demand for nanocomposite materials with new functionalities for their application in chemical gas sensors and other catalytic devices. Moreover, green synthesis methods are intensively employed in the preparation of semiconductor nanostructures to reduce the hazardous effects on human health and the environment. Here the fabrication of a nanocomposite material based on WO3 and TiO2 (WO3/TiO2) with unusual electronic band alignment and novel gas sensing properties is reported. The material is synthesized by an eco‐friendly process based on the water vapor‐induced oxidation of tungsten/titanium metallic films. The pristine WO3 is highly sensitive to acetone, where the response of the material is enhanced by its operating temperature. Instead, WO3/TiO2 composite shows principally different sensing performance and it has a good selective response to carbon monoxide at a relatively low operating temperature. The obtained results indicate that the significant differences between the functionalities of pristine WO3 and WO3/TiO2 material can be attributed to the band alignment and the direction of charge transfer in the WO3/TiO2 heterojunction. Hence, an efficient way for the development of WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites, which can be useful for the engineering and optimization of gas sensing and catalytic properties of WO3, is presented.
The Search for Forming Planetary Systems

For the first few million years of its life, the Sun was a large red star surrounded by a disk of gas and dust—the primitive solar nebula—that reached out beyond the boundaries of our present planetary system. Like all stars, the Sun was created by the collapse of a cold, dense core within a rotating cloud of interstellar material, debris from supernovae and other evolved stars of a previous generation. Angular momentum in the cloud allowed collapse along only one axis, thus leaving the material in a thin orbital plane around the new Sun. During the next hundred thousand years, the dust began to coagulate into larger particles, which eventually became planetesimals, the seeds for the nine planets. Over a further 10 million years, these planetesimals grew larger, clearing the residual gas and dust by dynamical sweeping and gravitational capture. Collisions led to further growth and the creation of a system of planets, comets and asteroids orbiting the young Sun. Within a billion years, the first life came .
Pipeline inspection using a low-cost Wi-Fi based intelligent pigging solution

This study presents a low-cost smart pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) designed for pipeline defect (leakage) detection, and for quick data access and recovery for the purpose of analysis, utilizing locally sourced materials and off-the-shelf sensors and electronics. The PIG’s electronic circuit is designed to house the sensors and allow for easy reception and transfer of pressure measurements to the pipeline manager’s laptop via a WiFi module. A pressure sensor, a motion sensor, a wireless communicator, and an Arduino Microcontroller are utilized in the development of this PIG. The PIG was tested experimentally by being put through stationary, no load-no defect, and no load-defect tests respectively. The PIG was kept still during the stationary tests but was conveyed within a 160 mm diameter Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) conduit with a length of 6.7 m for both the no load-no defect and no load-defect tests, using a 0.125 Hp direct current (DC) motor, with a gearbox attachment to pull from one end to the other. Using a WiFi module and the PuTTY program, the pressure values were retrieved. The test results revealed that P1 (front pressure) values were higher than P2 (rear pressure) values for the no load tests. P1 readings ranged from 1213 to 1214 Pa, with an average of 1213.86 Pa for the no load-no defect tests. The average P2 value was 1094.24 Pa, with a range of 1094.24 Pa to 1094.75 Pa. The pressure values for the no load-defect cases began at 1226.8 Pa and steadily decreased for the first 1.5 minutes, then remained at an average of 1214.2 Pa for the next 20 seconds until they arrived at the first defected point, where a value of 1216.1 Pa was recorded. The PIG traversed the pipeline until it had caught all of the pressure pulses at the defective sites. The higher pressure pulses (spikes) observed at the points of defects created along the pipeline in the experimental results from the no load-defect tests indicates that the Smart PIG was capable of detecting the created defects and demonstrated that the low-cost Smart PIG can be used to detect leakages on a pipe and can also be deployed in real life situations.
Laplace spectrum for exponential decomposition and pole-zero estimation

A novel Laplace transform power spectrum is proposed as a basic tool for complex-exponential decomposition of finite-duration continuous functions. The weighted spectrum leads to a direct decomposition in terms of exponential damping function content in addition to the usual decomposition in terms of sinusoidal circular content produced by Fourier and Laplace transforms. The weighting results in a two-dimensional spectral peak on the Laplace s-plane identifying the exponential and frequency content of finite-duration functions. An algorithm for two-dimensional generalised spectral analysis of finite duration functions is described. It is shown that the proposed spectral weighting eliminates the exponential divergence of spectra of usual transforms which masks poles along one dimension of the complex plane. As an application, an algorithm for mathematical modelling pole-zero estimation through a direct two-dimensional localisation of pole-zero peaks of weighted spectra is described.
The Uncancerous Helix-Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma

Benign fibrous histiocytoma occurs as an exceptional, painless, subcutaneous, mesenchymal, fibrohistiocytic neoplasm devoid of dermal incrimination. Additionally designated as deep dermatofibroma, deep seated benign fibrous histiocytoma commonly emerges within subcutaneous tissue, deep seated soft tissue or parenchymal organs. Generally, benign fibrous histiocytoma arises in adult males > 25 years and appears between 6 years to 84 years with a median age of disease emergence at 40 years. A male predominance is observed. Commonly, benign fibrous histiocytoma emerges within lower or upper extremities, head and neck or trunk. Neoplasms confined to deep soft tissue of retroperitoneum, mediastinum or pelvis are infrequently discerned [1,2]. Deep seated benign fibrous histiocytoma emerges as a painless, gradually progressive, well circumscribed or encapsulated tumefaction [1,2]. Grossly, firm, yellow to tan, well circumscribed tumefaction encompassed with a pseudo-capsule is discerned. Pseudo-capsule may be absent where tumefaction extends to the cutis [1,2]. Characteristically, tumour magnitude is ~ 4 centimetres and varies from 0.5 centimetres to 25 centimetres. Cut surface exhibits variable foci of haemorrhage [1,2]. Upon microscopy, neoplasm exhibits a prominent storiform pattern configured of uniform, spindle-shaped cells imbued with eosinophilic cytoplasm with ill defined cellular perimeter and bland, elongated or plump nuclei with vesicular chromatin and delicate nucleoli. Tumour nuclei are devoid of nuclear atypia [1,2]. tumefaction is admixed with disseminated lymphocytes, plasma cells multinucleated giant cells, osteoclastic giant cells or foamy macrophages [1,2]. Frequently, prominent vascular articulations may configure a hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. Mitotic figures appear ≤5 mitosis per 10 high power fields [1,2]. Intervening stroma is myxoid or hyaline. Focal necrosis or tumour infiltration of lymphatic and vascular configurations is exceptional. Tumour perimeter is non-infiltrative and peripheral entrapment of adipose tissue is absent. Focal entrapment of collagen fibres may occur [1,2].
Tits alternatives and low dimensional topology

We use cohomological group theory and properties of L 2 -Betti numbers to determine the solvable groups with presentations of deﬁciency 1, to give a new proof of the ‘‘Tits alternative’’ for subgroups of Haken 3-manifold groups, and to study the fundamental groups of closed 4-manifolds with Euler characteristic 0 and, in particular, 2-knot groups.
Surveying Canadian Pain Physicians’ Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Medical Cannabis for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Qualitative Study

Background Medical cannabis is commonly and increasingly used by Canadians to manage chronic pain. As of March 2021, Health Canada reported that approximately 300,000 Canadians who were authorized to access medical cannabis, which is more than a 1000% increase from the 24,000 registered in 2015. Physicians, however, receive limited information on therapeutic cannabis during their training, and their perceptions regarding this therapeutic option are uncertain. This study focused on exploring attitudes and beliefs of pain physicians regarding medical cannabis for the management of chronic noncancer pain. Methods This study utilized a focused ethnography approach. Pain management clinicians within the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area were recruited through snowball sampling methods, and individually interviewed. We applied thematic analysis to interview transcripts and identified representative quotes. The Hamilton Integrated Research Ethics Board reviewed and approved this project. Results Thirteen physicians who focused their clinical practice on pain management agreed to be interviewed, and three themes regarding medical cannabis emerged: 1) evidence regarding medical cannabis, 2) medical cannabis as first-line therapy for chronic pain, and 3) barriers to accessing medical cannabis. Subthemes of the last theme included out-of-pocket costs, stigma by society and healthcare providers, and lack of knowledge among physicians. Conclusion Despite increasing use of medical cannabis for chronic pain among Canadians, pain physicians in our study expressed concerns regarding the evidence to support this therapy and acknowledged important barriers to access.
Free energies based on generalized entropies and H-theorems for nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations

The relationship between H-theorems and free energies is studied on the basis of generalized entropies. Two kinds of nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations with different nonlinear diffusion terms that exhibit the power-law-type equilibrium distributions of Tsallis thermostatistics are investigated from the viewpoint of nonequilibrium free energies and stability analysis of their solutions. Using the generalized entropies Liapunov functions are constructed to show H-theorems, which ensure uniqueness of and convergence to the equilibrium distributions of the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations.
Energetic magnetospheric ions at the dayside magnetopause: Leakage or merging?

We elaborate upon the leakage model for the escape of energetic magnetospheric particles into the magnetosheath. Unlike the merging model, no interconnection (or merging) of magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic field lines is required. Because outer magnetospheric energetic particle drift paths intersect the magnetopause, the leakage model requires the continual escape of ions at postnoon local times and electrons at prenoon local times, regardless of solar wind conditions. It also predicts a division between dawnward and duskward streaming ions at the point where most magnetosheath magnetic field lines make their closest approach to the magnetopause, typically near 1500 LT. Like the merging model, the leakage model predicts equatorward streaming just inside the magnetopause. We study the motion of an escaping energetic ion at a planar magnetopause to show that, without scattering, ions must move dawnward and northward in a duskward magnetosheath magnetic field and dawnward and southward in a dawnward magnetosheath magnetic field. Scattering permits some ions to move duskward. We present new observations of streaming ions outside the dayside magnetopause made by the Charge Composition Explorer satellite, a part of the Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers program. To place these observations in context, we have performed a statistical study of previous particle observations both inside and outside the dayside magnetopause. The ensemble of observations indicates that energetic magnetospheric ions of all species continually escape from the dayside magnetosphere and stream along magnetosheath magnetic field lines, even when no merging is expected. The magnetosheath magnetic field controls the direction in which the ions stream: they move away from the magnetosphere. The results of this work indicate that energetic particle observations at the dayside magnetopause need not be taken as evidence for merging of magnetosheath and magnetospheric magnetic field lines.
Brain Reward Circuits Promote Stress Resilience and Health: Implications for Reward-Based Interventions

From the COVID-19 global pandemic to racial injustice and the continued impact of climate change on communities across the globe, the past couple of years have demonstrated the need for a greater understanding of how to protect people from the negative consequences of stress. Here, I outline a perspective on how the brain’s reward system might be an important, but often understudied, protective mechanism for stress resilience and stress-related health outcomes. I describe work suggesting that engagement of the reward system inhibits the stress response and is associated with improved health outcomes, including reduced depressive symptomatology and slowed cancer progression. I then highlight important future directions for translational research and illustrate the value of this perspective for improving behavioral interventions in clinical psychology and beyond.
Interpretando o algoritmo de Deutsch no interferômetro de Mach-Zehnder

A Computacao Quântica e uma area de pesquisa relativamente recente, que vem sendo desenvolvida nos ultimos 20 anos, e que faz uso dos fundamentos da Ciencia da Computacao e da Fisica Quântica. Dois sao os fenomenos quânticos em que se baseia a Computacao Quântica: superposicao e interferencia. Neste trabalho, destacaremos o papel da interferencia na solucao do problema proposto por Deutsch, o qual consiste em saber se uma dada funcao e constante ou balanceada, calculando a funcao apenas uma vez. Figurativamente, isto equivale a saber se uma moeda e honesta ou viciada (duas faces iguais) olhando-a uma unica vez. A solucao de Deutsch (algoritmo) e, com frequencia, explicada de forma abstrata e com auxilio de circuitos. Contudo, embora eficiente para expressar a "logica'' e facilitar o desenvolvimento de algoritmos quânticos, esta abordagem nao deixa transparecer e facilmente apreender os fenomenos fisicos subjacentes. Neste trabalho mostramos didaticamente como o interferometro de Mach-Zehnder implementa o algoritmo de Deutsch, destacando desta forma a importância da interferencia na realizacao de algoritmos quânticos.
A Hamiltonian Formulation and a Direct Numerical Scheme for Fractional Optimal Control Problems

This paper deals with a direct numerical technique for Fractional Optimal Control Problems (FOCPs). In this paper, we formulate the FOCPs in terms of Riemann—Liouville Fractional Derivatives (RLFDs). It is demonstrated that right RLFDs automatically arise in the formulation even when the dynamics of the system is described using left RLFDs only. For numerical computation, the FDs are approximated using the Grunwald—Letnikov definition. This leads to a set of algebraic equations that can be solved using numerical techniques. Two examples, one time-invariant and the other time-variant, are considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the formulation. Results show that as the order of the derivative approaches an integer value, these formulations lead to solutions for integer order system. The approach requires dividing of the entire time domain into several sub-domains. Further, as the sizes of the sub-domains are reduced, the solutions converge to unique solutions. However, the convergence is slow. A scheme that improves the convergence rate will be considered in a future paper. Other issues to be considered in the future include formulations using other types of derivatives, nonlinear and stochastic fractional optimal controls, existence and uniqueness of the solutions, and the error analysis.
Using randomly distributed charges to create quantum dots

Using a combination of modeling and tunneling spectroscopy, we investigate how electrostatic potential fluctuations generated by randomly distributed ionized donors close to a quantum well can produce deep and strongly confined quantum-dot-like potential minima with a rich spectrum of zero-dimensional electronic energy levels. We consider different types of random distribution of donors and how the electronic properties can be controlled and investigated in appropriately designed double barrier resonant tunneling diodes.
Robust Web Scraping in the Public Interest with AutoScrape

Web scraping is a foundational task in journalism and tends to be performed using custom, one-off tools. Traditional methods involve constructing HTTP requests and extracting data using XPath[2]. As web sites become more interactive, these methods require an increasing amount of manual effort to develop and maintain. This paper builds on previous work in text-based extraction techniques[8], adapts them to navigating a real browser, and proposes using Hext, a novel domain-specific language for extracting structured data from HTML. We introduce AutoScrape, an investigative-focused web scraping tool which implements this framework. Auto-Scrape can simplify many common journalistic data gathering tasks and reduce maintenance costs. In partnership with several non-profit media organizations, this paper will also present case studies describing common investigative tasks and illustrate the use of this framework to successfully solve each problem.
Comparative Evaluation of Artifacts Originated by Four Different Post Materials Using Different CBCT Settings

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in the presence of four different post materials, obtained from different kVps with varying resolutions and varying metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithms, differed in artifact estimation, and to compare tooth regions in terms of artifact value. Materials and Methods: Forty premolar teeth were used in this study. Root canals were treated, and teeth were randomly distributed into four subgroups (n = 10) for the preparation of post materials: titanium, gold (Nordin), quartz fiber (Bisco DT Light), and glass fiber (Rely X). The CBCT images were taken with two different kVps, three different metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm options, and two different resolutions. For each protocol, the effective dose was calculated according to the dose area production (DAP) value. The standard analysis of variance technique and the Tukey multiple comparison adjustment method were used to assess interactions among material types, kVp, MAR, and voxel settings. Results: More artifacts were found in the middle third than in the cervical third (p < 0.05). The mean value of artifacts was highest for gold (Nordin), 90 kVp, no MAR, and 100 voxel size. Glass or quartz fiber posts at low resolution, with high MAR and 96 kVp, originated fewer artifacts. Moreover, the use of 90 and 96 kVp with 200 voxel size and high MAR provided the least amount of radiation. Conclusion: The best setting for radiographic follow-up of post materials on the Planmeca ProMax is 96 kVp with low resolution and high MAR; this setting produced one of the lowest effective doses. Clinical Significance: This study estimated the best scanning protocol by lowering the effective dose to a minimum level according to the “as low as reasonably achievable” principle, as well as assessing the tooth region and the post material generating the fewest artifacts, in order to prevent image interpretation challenges such as false-positive and false-negative results stemming from the deterioration of the visibility of the root canal due to perforation, fractures, and voids in the root canal region.