Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Idea density in Japanese for the early detection of dementia based on narrative speech

Background Idea density (ID), a natural language processing–based index, was developed to aid in the detection of dementia through the analysis of English narratives. However, it has not been applied to non-English languages due to the difficulties in translating grammatical concepts. In this study, we defined rules to count ideas in Japanese narratives based on a previous study and proposed a novel method to estimate ID in Japanese text using machine translation. Materials The study participants comprised 42 Japanese patients with dementia aged 69–98 years (mean: 84.95 years). We collected free narratives from the participants to build a speech corpus. The narratives of the patients were translated into English using three machine translation systems: Google Translate, Bing Translator, and Excite Translator. The ID in the translated text was then calculated using the Dependency-based Propositional ID (DEPID), an English ID scoring tool. Results The maximum correlation coefficient between ID calculated using DEPID-R-ADD (a modified DEPID method to calculate ID after removing vague sentences) and the Mini-Mental State Examination score was 0.473, indicating a moderate correlation. Discussion The results demonstrate the feasibility of machine translation-based ID measurement. We believe that the basic concept of this translation approach can be applied to other non-English languages.
Development of the Jamuneswari Flood Forecasting System: Case Study in Bangladesh

AbstractA flood forecasting system has been developed using MIKE11 river-modeling software modules rainfall-runoff (RR) [or Nedbor-Afstromnings model (NAM)], hydrodynamic (HD), and flood forecasting (FF) for the Jamuneswari river catchment of the northwestern part of Bangladesh. The 3-arc second shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) version 4.0 and the D8 method of ArcGIS9.3 have been used to delineate river network and catchment bounderies, which are required for MIKE 11 model setup. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) model-forecasted rainfall data have been used in MIKE 11 NAM-HD modules to increase the forecast lead time to 72 h. Errors in forecast results have been assessed by computing efficiency index, coefficient of correlation, volume error, peak error, and peak time error. Integration of the MIKE 11 HD module with the MIKE NAM module has improved the result by 10.84% for efficiency index, 20.7% for volume error, 25.61% for peak error, and.
Computational Prediction of Mutational Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Binding by Relative Free Energy Calculations

The ability of coronaviruses to infect humans is invariably associated with their binding strengths to human receptor proteins. Both SARS-CoV-2, initially named 2019-nCoV, and SARS-CoV were reported to utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry receptor in human cells. To better understand the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2, we performed computational alanine scanning mutagenesis on the “hotspot” residues at protein–protein interfaces using relative free energy calculations. Our data suggest that the mutations in SARS-CoV-2 lead to a greater binding affinity relative to SARS-CoV. In addition, our free energy calculations provide insight into the infectious ability of viruses on a physical basis and also provide useful information for the design of antiviral drugs.
Pro ﬁ le of Polatuzumab Vedotin in the Treatment of Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Brief Report on the Emerging Clinical Data

: Polatuzumab vedotin is an anti-CD79b antibody conjugated to monomethyl auristatin E that has shown signi ﬁ cant clinical activity in follicular and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and is currently FDA-approved in combination with bendamustine and rituximab for patients with relapsed/refractory DLBCL. This review article summarizes data from clinical trials of polatuzumab and discusses its current role and future directions in the treatment of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Methods: We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar from inception to January 2020, using the following terms: polatuzumab and CD79. We also reviewed the package insert and available abstracts and posters presented at national and international meetings. Abbreviations: BG, obinutuzumab and bendamustine; BR, bendamustine and rituximab; CHP, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone; DA-EPCH-R, dose-adjusted rituximab, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin; DLBCL, diffuse B-cell lymphoma; follicular lymphoma; M, mosunetuzumab PMBCL, mediastinal lymphoma; rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin,
A genomic and morphometric analysis of alpine bumblebees: Ongoing reductions in tongue length but no clear genetic component

Over the last six decades, populations of the bumblebees Bombus sylvicola and Bombus balteatus in Colorado have experienced decreases in tongue length, a trait important for plant‐pollinator mutualisms. It has been hypothesized that this observation reflects selection resulting from shifts in floral composition under climate change. Here we used morphometrics and population genomics to determine whether morphological change is ongoing, investigate the genetic basis of morphological variation, and analyse population structure in these populations. We generated a genome assembly of B. balteatus. We then analysed whole‐genome sequencing data and morphometric measurements of 580 samples of both species from seven high‐altitude localities. Out of 281 samples originally identified as B. sylvicola, 67 formed a separate genetic cluster comprising a newly‐discovered cryptic species (“incognitus”). However, an absence of genetic structure within species suggests that gene flow is common between mountains. We found a significant decrease in tongue length between bees collected between 2012–2014 and in 2017, indicating that morphological shifts are ongoing. We did not discover any genetic associations with tongue length, but a SNP related to production of a proteolytic digestive enzyme was implicated in body size variation. We identified evidence of covariance between kinship and both tongue length and body size, which is suggestive of a genetic component of these traits, although it is possible that shared environmental effects between colonies are responsible. Our results provide evidence for ongoing modification of a morphological trait important for pollination and indicate that this trait probably has a complex genetic and environmental basis.
A Population Genetic Study of the Zostera marina (eelgrass) Ecotypes of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey and Implications for Grass Bed Restoration

Zostera marina is a species of seagrass widely found in the northern Atlantic and northern Pacific Oceans. It is primarily a cold-water adapted plant that is capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. Zostera marina serves many ecological roles, including stabilizing sediments, reducing current velocity, preventing erosion and providing food and shelter to many organisms. Eelgrass populations have suffered numerous large-scale declines due to both natural as well as human-induced causes. Specifically within Bamegat Bay, New Jersey, the Z. marina populations have declined by over 62% within the past 20 years. Restoration efforts have had diverse growth and survival rates, with some restoration sites that showed significant survival; while others displayed very little or no survival. These differences may be due to the stock origin of the plants. We completed a microsatellite-based genetic investigation of eight populations of Z. marina within Bamegat Bay, New Jersey in order to examine the relationship between different ecotype conditions and genetic diversity. In addition, we wanted to assess how genetic variation may enhance restoration success for Zostera marina. Eelgrass populations from Long Island, New York, Chesapeake Bay, Virginia and Egg Island, Alaska were also investigated. The results from this study suggest that the Long Island population has low levels of genetic diversity, as seen in the few numbers of alleles, low observed heterozygosities and low effective population size. The Oyster Creek, Marsh Elder and Ham Island populations continually clade together in our phylogenetic trees and experience higher levels of expected gene flow. These populations are under similar heat and light stresses, suggesting a common selective pressure and possibly a close genetic relationship. The Oyster Creek population also had the largest measurable effective population size, which suggests a high level of genetic diversity despite the heat disturbance. Because this population appears to have a large amount of genetic variation, Oyster Creek may be a good candidate population to use for the stock origin of plants for future restoration of declining Zostera marina populations.
Emergence and Diversification of the Neolithic in Southern Vietnam: Insights From Coastal Rach Nui

ABSTRACT We examine the southern Vietnamese site of Rach Nui, dated to between 3390 and 3850 cal BP, in the context of three major aspects of the Neolithic in Mainland Southeast Asia: mound formation and chronology, construction techniques, and subsistence economy. Results indicate that this ca. 75 m in diameter, 5 m high mound, comprising over a dozen phases of earthen platforms, upon which were raised sophisticated wooden structures, was built in <200 years. While consuming domesticated millet, rice, and occasionally dogs and pigs, the main subsistence orientation included managed tubers and fruits and a range of mangrove ecosystem taxa: catfishes, turtles, crocodiles, monitor lizards, macaques and langurs, to name a few. This combined vegeculture-foraging lifeway in a mangrove forested environment, likely in the context of a tradable goods extractive industry, adds to a growing picture of significant diversity, and sophisticated construction skills in the Southeast Asian Neolithic.
COSMO-SkyMed polarimetric data for soil moisture retrieval: capability of SAR data for landslide monitoring

In the last years the interest in the study and monitoring of the Earth has been gradually growing, and many institutions have planned missions for these purposes. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is one of the most promising approaches to acquire images of every part of the world in short time. The characteristics that make the SAR a very powerful instrument are its capability to operate independently of weather conditions, at day and night, and to reach target that are inaccessible to ground measurement. There are many fields of interest for Earth Observation (both civilian and military), such as the detection and surveillance of ships or marine traffic, monitoring of agricultural fields, study of the winds in tropical storms and study of oceanic current, monitoring the damage caused by earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, inundation or other natural disasters, and more over. Natural disasters, in particular landslides, frequently affect our country, Italy. The hydrogeological risk is very high during rainy periods, and a space observation can be useful as support to civil protection in times of emergency, but also in the next phase of damage assessment. The knowledge of soil moisture behaviour is critical in different environmental and land activities; for example is the basis for prediction of river floods, rainfalls, avalanches and landslides. Given the link between specific soil parameters (such as moisture and surface roughness) and permittivity, it is possible to accurately measure these parameters with SAR data, starting from the measurements of the dielectric constant. The main problem is to separate the individual effects of the various parameters on the backscattered signal. However, this is possible using polarimetric data, in fact this data permits to minimize the effect of vegetation and surface roughness by using polarization ratios: combining cross- and co- polarizations ratios it can be possible to determine the soil moisture regardless of surface roughness. This research is funded by the Italian Space Agency in the framework of Cosmo-SkyMed Seconda Generazione project; it is focused on soil moisture retrieval by using polarimetric data. I analysed some Cosmo-SkyMed first generation polarimetric data (provided by courtesy of Italian Space Agency), in order to demonstrate the capability of the new generation of high resolution SAR system, and to suggest some possible upgrades or improvements for the new generation of ASI satellites.
Single cell quantification of ribosome occupancy in early mouse development

Technological limitations precluded transcriptome-wide analyses of translation at single cell resolution. To solve this challenge, we developed a novel microfluidic isotachophoresis approach, named RIBOsome profiling via IsoTachoPhoresis (Ribo-ITP), and characterized translation in single oocytes and embryos during early mouse development. We identified differential translation efficiency as a key regulatory mechanism of genes involved in centrosome organization and N6-methyladenosine modification of RNAs. Our high coverage measurements enabled the first analysis of allele-specific ribosome engagement in early development and led to the discovery of stage-specific differential engagement of zygotic RNAs with ribosomes. Finally, by integrating our measurements with proteomics data, we discovered that ribosome occupancy in germinal vesicle stage oocytes is the predominant determinant of protein abundance in the zygote. Taken together, these findings resolve the long-standing paradox of low correlation between RNA expression and protein abundance in early embryonic development. The novel Ribo-ITP approach will enable numerous applications by providing high coverage and high resolution ribosome occupancy measurements from ultra-low input samples including single cells.
Response of stratospheric circulation and stratosphere‐troposphere exchange to changing sea surface temperatures

[1] The Goddard Earth Observing System, version 4 general circulation model (GCM) is used to examine the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on stratospheric circulation and extratropical stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). The simulation uses observed SSTs from 1949 to 1998 at the lower boundary. The atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) burden is interannually constant to artificially decouple the radiative influence from the SST forcing. A stronger SST gradient from the tropics through the middle latitudes results in a greater meridional temperature gradient in the subtropical troposphere. The upper tropospheric zonal winds increase consistent with the thermal wind relationship, and vertically propagating waves are refracted more poleward into the stratosphere. As a consequence, the stratospheric residual circulation is strengthened. This is manifest as a net annual mass STE increase of 2.7% per decade in the Northern Hemisphere and 2.0% per decade in the Southern Hemisphere. Likewise, the characteristic residence time of air in the lowermost stratosphere decreases by about a month. The STE trends and upper tropospheric temperature gradients are not significantly different in a second simulation that specifies an increasing GHG burden. The second simulation also shows that the radiative cooling from an increased GHG burden is greater in magnitude than the SST-induced dynamical warming in the polar stratosphere. The results of this study imply that the modeled circulation of the stratosphere can be significantly affected by the SSTs. It follows that the fidelity of simulations of the 21st century atmosphere strongly depends on the SSTs, whether prescribed or interactive.
Benefits and Risks of Urban Roadside Landscape: Finding a Livable, Balanced Response

Placement of trees and landscape features within the urban right-of-way is often perceived by transportation officials as a safety risk. Conversely, there are many community benefits that may result from having roadside landscape, and advocates of urban forestry encourage roadside plantings. Within urban environments transportation mobility and accessibility needs should be balanced with urbanites’ health and welfare. This paper reviews the many issues surrounding urban roadside landscape. It summarizes both the quantified effects of roadside landscape and proposed researchable questions that could aid communities in pursuing the balance of transportation quality and urban livability. Topics will include urban forest benefits in communities, studies of trees and traffic safety, landscape affects concerning traffic calming, self-enforcing streets, and street design. The authors provide a multidisciplinary perspective on this topic; one represents traffic engineering and the second is active in urban forestry planning and design. They collectively present the diverse issues concerning the placement of living, fixed objects adjacent to the urban roadway. The goal of this paper is 1) report the best available science on this often controversial topic, 2) to offer suggestions for ways to evaluate the safety impact of urban trees and landscape, and 3) to suggest workable solutions for tree and landscaping placement that address safety concerns of transportation professionals and integrate the interests and values of urban communities.
Mafic-ultramafic igneous rocks and associated carbonatites of the Gem Park Complex, Custer and Fremont Counties, Colorado

_ _-_---__---__-_--. ---__-_____-_______-____ Introduction __________________________________________ 1 General geology-______________________________________ 1 Precambrian rocks. ________________________________ 3 Cambrian rocks. __________________________________ 3 Tertiary volcanic rocks and gravel ___________________ 3 Quaternary alluvium and colluvium. _________________ 3 Structure _________________________________________ 4 Gem Park Complex. _------_-_--____--___. _____________ 4 Pyroxenite. _______________________________________ 4 Gabbro and associated rocks. _______________________ 5 Nepheline syenite pegmatite. _______________________ 6 Lamprophyre and syenite porphyry dikes. ____________ 7 Pag-e Gem Park Complex Continued Carbonatite dikes_--______---------_--__-__-___-__7 Attitude, orientation, and distribution of dikes. ___ 7 Composition of dikes. -______. ______. __-_____-__ P Carbonatite in rocks that enclose the complex. _ _ _ _ P Fenite ----_--_--------_-----_------------------_ 10 Mineralogy. ___-_____-_-____. ---_-_______-___-_-__--__ 11 Carbonatites ______________________________________ 11 Fenites ____-_-____-_____-_----_. --_-_-_---------__ 14 Geochemistry. ________________________________________ 1? Summary and conclusions--. __-. -_______--______----_-22 Economic geology____________________________________ 2? References. ______________. -_--_-_____---_________-_-__ 2?
Elastic and inelastic neutron scattering for the study of magnetic thin films and heterostructures

Neutron-based techniques have proved for decades to be essential tools in the investigation of magnetic materials. The strong experience gathered in neutron centers together with high performance instruments have also largely contributed to the researches on magnetic nanosystems. We will present here a few examples of the use of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering for the study of Dysprosium-based thin films and heterostructures. Elastic neutron scattering in rare earth-based nanosystems provides crucial information both on the crystal structure and the modulated magnetic order. This has especially permitted to connect the drastic change in Curie temperature observed in Dy epitaxial films to modifications of both magnetoelastic and exchange contributions. In superlattices, elastic neutron scattering has been successfully used to analyze the magnetic coupling phenomena, in particular the long range coherent propagation of the Dy helical order. The example of Dy/Er superlattices highlights this fascinating coupling mechanism through either a paramagnetic or magnetic spacer. Inelastic Neutron Scattering is the technique of choice to investigate magnetic excitations over the entire Brillouin Zone. The very low inelastic scattering cross section can however make any investigation of nanosystems very difficult and very few studies have indeed been reported so far on nanosystems. We will show that relevant information could be obtained from high quality single crystalline Dy films and superlattices. These promising results are paving the way to new spin wave explorations in a wider range of magnetic nanosystems.
Optimization of YOLOV7’s hyper parameters for simultaneous object detection in satellite imagery

Object detection is crucial for computer vision applications that use satellite imagery, such as precision agriculture, urban planning, and military applications.Recognizing objects in satellite images is challenging due to numerous factors, including the sheer number of objects, the variety in their positions, the range in their sizes, the quality of the lighting, and the existence of a dense background.Background complexity, diﬀerences in data capture geometry, geography, and illumination, and an abundance of diﬀerent types of objects all contribute to making automatic detection in satellite images particularly diﬃcult. There have been many advancements in object detection methods over time, including YOLO and its variations, CNN and its oﬀshoots, DETR and its oﬀshoots, and so on; nonetheless, it is still required to test these methods on the requisite data set to determine their true eﬃcacy. Researchers have investigated the idea of autonomously detecting structures, automobiles, and other things to reduce the risk of human error and speed up the procedure.Improvements in deep learning algorithms and hardware systems have allowed us to accurately identify a broader range of objects in ultra-high-resolution satellite imagery.Through parameter adjustment and analysis of results on the Xview dataset, we determine the
: Individual Differences in the Temporal Dynamics of Attention

The attentional blink (AB) reflects a temporal restriction of selective attention and is generally regarded as a very robust phenomenon. However, previous studies have found large individual differences in AB performance, and under some training conditions the AB can be reduced significantly. One factor that may account for individual differences in AB magnitude is the ability to accurately time attention. In the current study, we focus on the sensitivity for temporal information on the ability to control attention. Following a visual AB task, a time estimation task was presented in either the visual or auditory modality, followed by another visual AB task. It was found that the time estimation training in both the auditory and visual modality reduced AB magnitude. Although a reduction in AB magnitude was also observed when individuals were trained on a control task (either an auditory frequency or visual line length estimation task), the effect was significantly larger following the time estimation tasks. In addition, it was found that individuals who showed most improvement on the visual time estimation task, also showed the largest reduction in AB magnitude, which was not the case for individuals who were trained on the control tasks. Finally, a negative correlation was observed between depression scores (tested by Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI-SF) scores and the improvement in the AB and time estimation tasks. Our findings demonstrate clear links between timing ability and mechanisms to control attention and emotion.