Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cascaded Mentoring for Gender Inclusion in Computer Science

Over a ten-year span, from 2004 to 2014, the proportion of undergraduate degrees awarded to women in computer science (CS) declined from 25.1% to 18.1% (NSF and NCSES 2017). This continues a trend downward from a peak of 37% in 1985 (NCWIT 2018). These decreases have been attributed to a myriad of factors, including access to and encouragement with computers in the home, early exposure to computer science in schools, stereotypes about computer science, and a lack of role models who are women (Sax et al. 2017). Many attempts have been made to address this downward trend through small-scale interventions in curriculum and instruction. As an example, first-level undergraduate CS courses have made changes to the domain of computing projects to become more aligned with the interests and motivators of the women in the course (Margolis and Fisher 2002; Rosser 1990). Another small-scale intervention has been to address the classroom environment in order to remove signifiers that tie computing to other items of interest to young men, such as science fiction or video games (Cheryan, Plaut, Davies, and Steele 2009). Despite the good intentions of these approaches, it is becoming clear that they are not enough to reverse the decline in interest by women, and that an institutional change is necessary. For example, intervention programs in STEM, such as Purdue University’s NSFfunded Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) and the Alliance for Graduate Education & Professoriate (AGEP) programs are initiatives that provide a range of mentoring experiences for underrepresented undergraduate students. Additional programs including Purdue’s Pair Mentoring, Mentees and Mentors with Purdue’s Women in Engineering, and Mentoring @ Purdue are strategically designed to support women and minority graduate students in different colleges. In this article, we make an argument based on two specific related interventions. First, we will advocate for the implementation of a mentoring model across undergraduate, graduate, and early career levels with the goal of building stronger connections between women in computing. Our second recommendation will be to celebrate faculty and university leaders – the “hidden heroes” of computing – thus enhancing the profile of these individuals within the university community and creating new role models for students to emulate. In combination, we believe that these two initiatives can positively impact perceptions of computer science across the university, and in turn, will lead to increases in participation rates for women in computing.
U NDERSTANDING THE R OLE OF A GILITY AND R ESPONSIVENESS C APABILITIES IN A CHIEVING S UPPLY C HAIN P ERFORMANCE : T HE C ASE OF M ANUFACTURING C OMPANIES

The supply chain agility concept has been identified as one of the most important issues in the supply chain management literature. However, despite the popularity of the concept, many concept attributes are largely unexplored. The mediating role of the operational capabilities, in particular the supply chain responsiveness, in the link between the supply chain agility and the improvement of the supply chain performance, is a field that is lacking in research. This research aims to deepen the theory by addressing this gap in the supply chain agility literature. The data for this study were collected through a field survey from a final sample of 131 respondents from manufacturing companies in Morocco. An online questionnaire containing items measuring constructs of interest was developed. The theoretical model was evaluated using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that supply chain agility has an indirect and positive impact on supply chain performance in the presence of supply chain responsiveness. In addition, the results provide empirical evidence for a full mediation of supply chain responsiveness in the link between supply chain agility and supply chain performance in an uncertain environment. This study demonstrates why careful consideration should be made when deciding what dynamic capabilities should be developed and, therefore, what operational capabilities will be generated or renewed. Companies that successfully build this relationship benefit in terms of improving the performance of both the global supply chain and its members, enabling them to achieve sustainable competitive advantages.
Results on Panoramic Spectroscopy of Mrk 171

Abstract Observations of Mrk 171, aimed at conduction of panoramic spectroscopy, were undertaken with the Byurakan 2.6-m telescope using spectrograph “VAGR”. Within the two components of the galaxy, Mrk171W and Mrk171E, there were differentiated eight condensations of starforming activiity, i.e. HII-regions, and no sign of AGN activity was revealed inspite of existing suggestions.
Logical Fallacy Detection

Reasoning is central to human intelligence. 001 However, fallacious arguments are common, 002 and some exacerbate problems such as spread-003 ing misinformation about climate change. In 004 this paper, we propose the task of logical 005 fallacy detection , and provide a new dataset 006 ( L OGIC ) of logical fallacies generally found 007 in text, together with an additional challenge 008 set for detecting logical fallacies in climate 009 change claims ( L OGIC C LIMATE ). Detecting 010 logical fallacies is a hard problem as the model 011 must understand the underlying logical struc-012 ture of the argument. We find that existing pre-013 trained large language models perform poorly 014 on this task. In contrast, we show that a sim-015 ple structure-aware classifier outperforms the 016 best language model by 5.46% on L OGIC and 017 4.51% on L OGIC C LIMATE . We encourage fu-018 ture work to explore this task as (a) it can serve 019 as a new reasoning challenge for language mod-020 els, and (b) it can have potential applications in 021 tackling the spread of misinformation. 1 022
The Influence of Data Length on the Performance of Artificial Intelligence Models in Predicting Air Pollution

Air pollution is one of humanity's most critical environmental issues and is considered contentious in several countries worldwide. As a result, accurate prediction is critical in human health management and government decision-making for environmental management. In this study, three artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, namely group method of data handling neural network (GMDHNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), and gradient boosting regression (GBR) tree, are used to predict the hourly concentration of PM2.5 over a Dorset station located in Canada. The investigation has been performed to quantify the effect of data length on the AI modeling performance. Accordingly, nine different ratios (50/50, 55/45, 60/40, 65/35, 70/30, 75/25, 80/20, 85/15, and 90/10) are employed to split the data into training and testing datasets for assessing the performance of applied models. The results showed that the data division significantly impacted the model's capacity, and the 60/40 ratio was found more suitable for developing predictive models. Furthermore, the results showed that the ELM model provides more precise predictions of PM2.5 concentrations than the other models. Also, a vital feature of the ELM model is its ability to adapt to the potential changes in training and testing data ratio. To summarize, the results reported in this study demonstrated an efficient method for selecting the optimal dataset ratios and the best AI model to predict properly which would be helpful in the design of an accurate model for solving different environmental issues.
The formation of low-mass helium white dwarfs orbiting pulsars: Evolution of low-mass X-ray binaries below the bifurcation period

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are generally believed to be old neutron stars (NSs) which have been spun up to high rotation rates via accretion of matter from a companion star in a low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). However, many details of this recycling scenario remain to be understood. Here we investigate binary evolution in close LMXBs to study the formation of radio MSPs with low-mass helium white dwarf companions (He WDs) in tight binaries with orbital periods P_orb = 2-9 hr. In particular, we examine: i) if such observed systems can be reproduced from theoretical modelling using standard prescriptions of orbital angular momentum losses (i.e. with respect to the nature and the strength of magnetic braking), ii) if our computations of the Roche-lobe detachments can match the observed orbital periods, and iii) if the correlation between WD mass and orbital period (M_WD, P_orb) is valid for systems with P_orb < 2 days. Numerical calculations with a detailed stellar evolution code were used to trace the mass-transfer phase in ~ 400 close LMXB systems with different initial values of donor star mass, NS mass, orbital period and the so-called gamma-index of magnetic braking. Subsequently, we followed the orbital and the interior evolution of the detached low-mass (proto) He WDs, including stages with residual shell hydrogen burning. We find that a severe fine-tuning is necessary to reproduce the observed MSPs in tight binaries with He WD companions of mass < 0.20 M_sun, which suggests that something needs to be modified or is missing in the standard input physics of LMXB modelling. We demonstrate that the theoretically calculated (M_WD, P_orb)-relation is in general also valid for systems with P_orb < 2 days, although with a large scatter in He WD masses between 0.15-0.20 M_sun. The results of the thermal evolution of the (proto) He WDs are reported in a follow-up paper (Paper II).
Towards a consistent model of the hot quadruple system I. Observations and their initial analyses

The hot nine-component system HD 93206, which contains a gravitationally bounded eclipsing Ac1 + Ac2 binary ( P = 5 . 9987 d) and a spectroscopic Aa1 + Aa2 ( P = 20 . 734 d) binary can provide important insights into the origin and evolution of massive stars. Using archival and new spectra, and a rich collection of ground-based and space photometric observations, we carried out a detailed study of this object. We provide a much improved description of both short orbits and a good estimate of the mutual period of both binaries of about 14500 d (i.e. 40 years). For the ﬁrst time, we detected weak lines of the fainter component of the 6.0 d eclipsing binary in the optical region of the spectrum, measured their radial velocities, and derived a mass ratio of M Ac2 / M Ac1 = 1 . 29, which is the opposite of what was estimated from the International Ultraviolet explorer (IUE) spectra. We conﬁrm that the eclipsing subsystem Ac is semi- detached and is therefore in a phase of large-scale mass transfer between its components. The Roche-lobe ﬁlling and spectroscopically brighter component Ac1 is the less massive of the two and is eclipsed in the secondary minimum. We show that the bulk of the H α emission, so far believed to be associated with the eclipsing system, moves with the primary O9.7I component Aa1 of the 20.73 d spectroscopic binary. However, the weak emission in the higher Balmer lines seems to be associated with the accretion disc around component Ac2. We demonstrate that accurate masses and other basic physical properties including the distance of this unique system can be obtained but require a more sophisticated modelling. A ﬁrst step in this direction is presented in the accompanying Paper II (Brož et al.).
Composite Link Functions in Generalized Linear Models

SUMMARY In generalized linear models each observation is linked with a predicted value based on a linear function of some systematic effects. We sometimes require to link each observation with a linear function of more than one predicted value. We embed such models into the generalized linear model framework using composite link functions. The computer program GLIM-3 can be used to fit these models. Illustrative examples are given including a mixed-up contingency table and grouped normal data.
Assessment ofClinical Reasoning andDiagnostic Thinking among Dental Students

Department of Oral andMaxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University ofMedical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Medical Education Department, Educational Development Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Faculty of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Teichmüller curves generated by Weierstrass Prym eigenforms in genus 3 and genus 4

This paper is devoted to the classification of the infinite families of Teichmüller curves generated by Prym eigenforms in genus 3 (and partially in genus 4) having a single zero (previously discovered by McMullen in 2006). Our classification involves two invariants: the discriminant D and the generators of the corresponding quadratic order. By definition D might have values 0, 1, 4, 5 mod 8. It turns out that for D sufficiently large, there are two Teichmüller curves when D ≡ 1 mod 8, only one Teichmüller curve when D ≡ 0, 4 mod 8, and no Teichmüller curves when D ≡ 5 mod 8. For small values of D the number of Teichmüller curves is given by an explicit list. The ingredients of our proof are first, a description of these curves in terms of prototypes and models, and then a careful analysis of the combinatorial connectedness in the spirit of McMullenˈs paper [Math. Ann. 333 (2005) 87–130]. As a corollary we obtain a description of cusps of Teichmüller curves given by Prym eigenforms.
Physician burnout and symptom of anxiety and depression: Burnout in Consultant Doctors in Ireland Study (BICDIS)

Background Burnout is a work related syndrome comprising three major dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced professional efficacy. It is recognised that burnout may be associated with psychopathological sequelae, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression. Aims This study aimed to examine the relationship between burnout and symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors in Ireland. We examined personality traits as a mediating factor on burnout, in relation to work related stress among the participants. Methods This study was a national cross sectional survey of consultants. Data included basic demographic data, work-related data, burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, personality traits, and symptoms of depression and anxiety from the Depressive Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS]. Results Results were obtained from 477 consultants, yielding a response rate 21.9%. Nearly half (42%) reported high burnout levels. Over one-quarter (25.8%) screened positive for depression and 13.8% for anxiety. After controlling for gender and age, depressive symptoms were associated with high levels of emotional exhaustion (p<0.001) and a higher clinical workload, and stress with cynicism and reduced professional efficacy (p<0.001). Conclusions The this study reported a high level of work-related burnout, associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in senior doctors. This is concerning, and strategies are required that consider the relationship between symptoms of depression/anxiety and burnout. Further research to evaluate strategies to ensure physician wellbeing and optimal delivery of patient care are required to address this serious problem.
Energy users’ social drivers to transition from natural gas: a Dutch municipality case study

Dutch municipalities have a vital role in creating policy concerning natural gas replacement with sustainable sources in the built environment by 2050, i.e., the so-called heat transition. Over the years, information provision from research and consultants to municipal policymaking in the heat transition has covered mainly the techno-economic dimension. However, a gap remains in the social information provision which enables more comprehensive and inclusive decision-making. This study answers the following research question: What social aspects do municipal policymakers need to consider in municipal heat transition policymaking? We first conducted a systematic literature review concerning energy users’ social drivers to transition from natural gas. Second, we conducted a single case study on the policymaking process of heat transition projects in the municipality of Zoetermeer in the Netherlands. The case study involved heat transition actors with various roles in municipal decision-making, including municipal policymakers, researchers, corporations and citizens. Then we developed a framework of the social drivers of energy users to transition from natural gas. Finally, this framework was enriched in an ex-ante evaluation in a semi-structured workshop. Our study shows that energy users’ social drivers can be categorized as behavioural belief, normative belief, and control belief. These social drivers combined with the techno-economic aspects shape the energy users’ participation in the heat transformation.
Maternal carryover, winter severity, and brown bear abundance relate to elk demographics

Ungulates are key components of ecosystems due to their effects on lower trophic levels, role as prey, and value for recreational and subsistence harvests. Understanding factors that drive ungulate population dynamics can inform protection of important habitat and successful management of populations. To ascertain correlates of ungulate population dynamics, we evaluated the effects of five non-exclusive hypotheses on ungulate abundance and recruitment: winter severity, spring nutritional limitation (spring bottleneck), summer-autumn maternal condition carryover, predation, and timber harvest. We used weather, reconstructed brown bear (Ursus arctos) abundance, and timber harvest data to estimate support for these hypotheses on early calf recruitment (calves per 100 adult females in July–August) and population counts of Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) on Afognak and Raspberry islands, Alaska, USA, 1958–2020. Increasing winter temperatures positively affected elk abundance, supporting the winter severity hypothesis, while a later first fall freeze had a positive effect on elk recruitment, supporting the maternal carry-over hypothesis. Increased brown bear abundance was negatively associated with elk recruitment, supporting the predation hypothesis. Recruitment was unaffected by spring climate conditions or timber harvest. Severe winter weather likely increased elk energy deficits, reducing elk survival and subsequent abundance in the following year. Colder and shorter falls likely reduced late-season forage, resulting in poor maternal condition which limited elk recruitment more than winter severity or late-winter nutritional bottlenecks. Our results additionally demonstrated potential negative effects of brown bears on elk recruitment. The apparent long-term decline in elk recruitment did not result in a decline of abundance, which suggests that less severe winters may increase elk survival and counteract the potential effects of predation on elk abundance.
Snake instability of ring dark solitons in toroidally trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

We show that the onset of the snake instability of ring dark solitons requires a broken symmetry. We also elucidate explicitly the connection between imaginary Bogoliubov modes and the snake instability, predicting the number of vortex-anti-vortex pairs produced. In addition, we propose a simple model to give a physical motivation as to why the snake instability takes place. Finally, we show that tight confinement in a toroidal potential actually enhances soliton decay due to inhibition of soliton motion.
Advanced space plasma physics

Builds on the fluid and kinetic theory of equilibria and waves presented in a companion textbook, "Basic Space Plasma Physics" (by the same authors), but can also serve as a stand-alone text. It extends the field covered there into the domain of plasma instability and nonlinear theory. The book provides a representative selection of the many possible macro- and microinstabilities in a space plasma, from the Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz to electrostatic and electromagnetic kinetic instabilities. Their quasilinear stabilization and nonlinear evolution and their application to space physics problems are treated. The chapters on nonlinear theory include nonlinear waves, weak turbulence and strong turbulence, all presented from the viewpoint of their relevance to space plasma physics. Special topics include auroral particle accleration, soliton formation and caviton collapse, anomalous transport, and the theory of collisionless shocks.
The Changing Paradigm of Obesity Care

It has been recognised for long that obesity is at the core of several comorbidities including cardiometabolic disorders and cancer, besides being an important contributor for excess all‐cause mortality. [1] Despite this clear understanding, this condition has not received the focused and urgent attention from physicians and endocrinologists; this is critical not only for the control of obesity, but also for the prevention and control of non‐communicable diseases (NCDs) in our country. The challenge of obesity has to be met with an organised system of obesity care and with the same urgent calls for action as we have been proposing for various other NCDs such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is time we move from the paradigm of obesity – the risk factor to obesity – the disease. It has been proposed that first and foremost, we must all recognise obesity as a chronic disease that requires lifelong management. In fact, obesity has been renamed by some as adiposity‐based chronic disease (ABCD). [2] Unless we do this, successful management of obesity will continue to remain elusive as will be our goal of NCD prevention.