Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ruminal Bacterial Communities and Metabolome Variation in Beef Heifers Divergent in Feed Efficiency

This study determined potential microbial and metabolic biomarkers of feed efficiency in Angus heifers. Seventeen ruminal cannulated Angus heifers underwent a 70-day feed efficiency trial. Residual feed intake was used to determine high and low feed efficient heifers. On day 70 of the trial, rumen content and blood were collected and used for microbial and metabolomic analyses, respectively. Bacterial populations were examined by targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and analyzed using QIIME and SAS. Rumen fluid and serum metabolites were analyzed using MetaboAnalyst. No microbial taxa differed after false discovery rate correction, but seven did differ (p ≤ 0.05) prior to correction, including Lachnospiraceae (Other), Desulfobulbaceae, Neisseriaceae, Shuttleworthia, Corynebacterium, p-75-a5, and L7A-E11. No differences were observed in alpha diversity metrics. Beta diversity utilizing unweighted UniFrac distances analyzed via PERMANOVA was significant (p = 0.03). Several metabolites in rumen fluid metabolites were correlated with bacteria that differed by feed efficiency phenotype. The metabolites correlated with bacteria were primarily involved in nutrient signaling and microbial crude protein availability. These data suggest variation in the availability of nutrients, primarily amino acids, as well as a relationship among microbiota, metabolome, and host feed efficiency phenotypes in heifers.
High power-efficient asynchronous SAR ADC for IoT devices

This paper presents a power-efficient 100-MS/s, 10-bit asynchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC. It includes an on-chip reference buffer and the total power dissipation is 6.8 mW. To achieve high performance with high power-efficiency in the proposed ADC, bootstrapped switch, redundancy, set-and-down switching approach, dynamic comparator and dynamic logic techniques are employed. The prototype was fabricated using 65 nm standard CMOS technology. At a 1.2-V supply and 100 MS/s, the ADC achieves an SNDR of 56.2 dB and a SFDR of 65.1 dB. The ADC core consumes only 3.1 mW, resulting in a figure of merit (FOM) of 30.27 fJ/conversionstep and occupies an active area of only 0.009 mm2.
Feedback systems in multi-dose dry powder inhalers

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are a large, highly diverse group of inhalation devices. DPIs differentiate the process of measuring the dose of the drug and preparing the inhaler for use, but also the way of transmitting and the scope of feedback on the inhalation process that the user receives. The functioning of simple and technologically advanced systems of feedback on the inhalation process in the most commonly used multi-dose DPIs is discussed. All these DPIs have a dose counter. Only three DPIs – Novolizer®, Genuair® and NEXThaler® provide feedback to the patient in the form of auditory and visual signals confirming the correctness of the inhalation performed. This is important for the correct use of the inhaler, and thus for obtaining the expected therapeutic effects.
The Functional Biogeography of eDNA Metacommunities in the Post-Fire Landscape of the Angeles National Forest

Wildfires have continued to increase in frequency and severity in Southern California due in part to climate change. To gain a further understanding of microbial soil communities’ response to fire and functions that may enhance post-wildfire resilience, soil fungal and bacterial microbiomes were studied from different wildfire areas in the Gold Creek Preserve within the Angeles National Forest using 16S, FITS, 18S, 12S, PITS, and COI amplicon sequencing. Sequencing datasets from December 2020 and June 2021 samplings were analyzed using QIIME2, ranacapa, stats, vcd, EZBioCloud, and mixomics. Significant differences were found among bacterial and fungal taxa associated with different fire areas in the Gold Creek Preserve. There was evidence of seasonal shifts in the alpha diversity of the bacterial communities. In the sparse partial least squares analysis, there were strong associations (r > 0.8) between longitude, elevation, and a defined cluster of Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs). The Chi-square test revealed differences in fungi–bacteria (F:B) proportions between different trails (p = 2 × 10−16). sPLS results focused on a cluster of Green Trail samples with high elevation and longitude. Analysis revealed the cluster included the post-fire pioneer fungi Pyronema and Tremella. Chlorellales algae and possibly pathogenic Fusarium sequences were elevated. Bacterivorous Corallococcus, which secretes antimicrobials, and bacterivorous flagellate Spumella were associated with the cluster. There was functional redundancy in clusters that were differently composed but shared similar ecological functions. These results implied a set of traits for post-fire resiliency. These included photo-autotrophy, mineralization of pyrolyzed organic matter and aromatic/oily compounds, potential pathogenicity and parasitism, antimicrobials, and N-metabolism.
Burden and Predictors of Malnutrition Among Indian Adolescents (10–19 Years): Insights From Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey Data

Introduction: Malnutrition among adolescents is a persistent problem with a profound impact on different dimensions of health. The objective of this analysis is to assess the burden of malnutrition (Stunting, Thinness, Overweight, and Obesity) and their associated socio-demographic factors among Indian adolescents (10–19 years) from the Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey (CNNS 2016-18) data. Methods We used Individual-level data of 35,831 adolescents from the CNNS conducted in 2016–18 for this analysis. CNNS collected data on the nutritional status of adolescents along with socio-demographic variables from all states of India. Burden of stunting (Height for age Z score, HAZ < −2 SD), thinness (BMI for age Z score, BAZ < −2 SD), overweight (BAZ > 1 SD) and obesity (BAZ > 2 SD) were estimated for the entire country and individual states. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the socio-demographic factors associated with stunting, thinness, and overweight. Results CNNS collected data from 35,831 adolescents, of which 31,941 with BAZ scores, and 32,045 with HAZ scores were included in the final analysis. The burden of stunting and thinness among Indian adolescents was 27.4% (95% CI 26.4, 28.4%) and 24.4% (23.5, 25.4%), respectively. The burden of overweight and obesity was 4.8% (4.5, 5.1%) and 1.1% (0.9, 1.3%), respectively. Adolescents in the age group of 15–19 years (AOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11, 1.36) compared to 10–14 years, females (AOR 1.20; 1.08, 1.33) compared to males, were at increased odds of getting stunted. Adolescents from lowest wealth index families (AOR 1.66; 1.33, 2.07) were at increased odds of thinness compared to peers of higher wealth index families. Adolescents of 10–14 years (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06, 1.49) compared to 15–19 years, urban residents (AOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.19, 1.71) compared to rural residents, were at increased odds of overweight. Conclusion Indian adolescents face the double burden of malnutrition that is undernutrition (stunting and thinness) alongside overnutrition (overweight and obesity) that are linked with socio-demographic factors. The National Nutritional Programs (POSHAN Abhiyan) should prioritize high-risk groups specifically older age group (15–19 years), females, and low wealth Index quintile families identified in this analysis.
Open-Source Design and Economics of Manual Variable-Tilt Angle DIY Wood-Based Solar Photovoltaic Racking System

Fixed-tilt mechanical racking, consisting of proprietary aluminum extrusions, can dominate the capital costs of small-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Recent design research has shown that wood-racking can decrease the capital costs of small systems by more than 75% in North America. To determine if wood racking provides enough savings to enable labor to be exchanged profitably for higher solar electric output, this article develops a novel variable tilt angle open-source wood-based do-it-yourself (DIY) PV rack that can be built and adjusted at exceptionally low costs. A detailed levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) production analysis is performed after the optimal monthly tilt angles are determined for a range of latitudes. The results show the racking systems with an optimal variable seasonal tilt angle have the best lifetime energy production, with 5.2% more energy generated compared to the fixed-tilt system (or 4.8% more energy, if limited to a maximum tilt angle of 60°). Both fixed and variable wooden racking systems show similar LCOE, which is only 29% of the LCOE of commercial metal racking. The results of this study indicate that the novel variable tilt rack, whether used as a small-scale DIY project or scaled up to fulfill larger energy demands, provides both the lowest cost option even when modest labor costs are included and also may provide specific advantages for applications such as agrivoltaics.
A Multiparameter Sensor Based on Dumbbell-Shaped Double-Cladding Fiber Structure Cascaded Long Period Fiber Grating

A multi-parameter sensor based on dumbbell-shaped double-cladding fiber (DCF) structure cascaded long period fiber grating (LPFG) is proposed and fabricated. It is formed by discharging between single mode fiber (SMF) and DCF to form a waist-enlarged taper and then cascading two LPFGs. When the fiber is affected by the thermal expansion effect, thermo-optic effect and elasto-optic effect, the resonant peaks formed by inter-mode interference will shift, and the shifts generated by different resonant peaks are also different. By demodulating the wavelength shift of the three resonant peaks, the temperature, refractive index and axial strain can be measured by using the coefficient sensitivity matrix. The experimental results show that the temperature sensitivity of the three resonance peaks is 14.79 pm/°C, 69.07 pm/°C and 89.83 pm/°C in the range of 25 °C~80 °C. The refractive index sensitivities of three resonance peaks are 14.27 nm/RIU, −71.39 nm/RIU and −141.07nm/RIU in the range of 1.3355 ~ 1.3715. The axial strain sensitivities of three resonance peaks are −2.26 pm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, −2.5pm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and −3.14 pm/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$75 \mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ~<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$525 \mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The corresponding resolutions are 0.6905 °C, 0.00054RIU and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$36.323 \mu \varepsilon $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The sensor is simple and has good linearity. It can be widely used in environmental monitoring for different parameter.
The home environment and parental involvement of preschoolers in Philippi, a low-income area: Do they hinder or support early learning?

Background: Successful interventions targeting families can only occur through informed research findings. It is important that policymakers understand the unique household dynamics that low-income households face and the kinds of assistance they need to foster early learning and development at home. Aim: To investigate the extent of parental involvement in the early learning of preschoolers in Philippi and the role of the home environment in promoting or hindering early learning and development. Setting: This study was conducted in Philippi, one of the biggest poor urban settlements in the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: The researcher visited 20 early childhood development (ECD) facilities and 40 caregivers in Philippi. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the ECD principals, practitioners and caregivers. Results: The analysis of the results of the study revealed that, for the most part, preschoolers in Philippi live in household environments that do not encourage or support early learning and development. Moreover, parental involvement in such preschoolers is limited by the parents’ unwillingness or inability to take up opportunities for involvement in the facility and to regularly engage in stimulation activities at home. Conclusion: Given their low-income, low-educational status and general lack, parents need a clearer framework on how to become involved and how to provide a conducive household learning environment to preschoolers.
Selective Migration and Health

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we investigate the impact of health on domestic migration within the United States. We find that, for men below 60 years of age, a move from the middle to the bottom of the health distribution reduces mobility by 32-40%. Non-random attrition from the panel implies that these are lower bounds. By contrast, we find evidence that, among older men, there is higher mobility at the top and bottom of the health distribution than there is in the middle. For women, we find no evidence of a relationship between their own health and mobility, although spousal health does affect the mobility of married women.
A curious adult case of small bowel volvulus with congenital malrotation

Abstract Intestinal volvulus is defined as a twisting of the bowel on its mesentery. It itself is a rare occurrence, with documented incidence of 1% as the cause of all small bowel obstruction, with further 0.82% of them being associated with intestinal malrotation. The classical radiographic feature described in literatures is the whirlpool sign. We herein report a rare presentation of congenital malrotation causing a small bowel obstruction in a 43-year-old man. The patient presented with acute abdominal pain and underwent an emergency laparotomy and resection of small and large bowel (total of 3 m with primary anastomosis), with an estimated 2.6 m of viable small bowel left. The patient had a prolonged recovery complicated by another relook operation, superior mesenteric vein thrombus and a high-output stoma with subsequent electrolyte derangements and acute kidney injury. He was discharged on Day 26 and had been seen in the outpatient department with good functionality.
Towards a training data model for artificial intelligence in earth observation

Abstract Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning (AI/ML), in particular Deep Learning (DL), is reorienting and transforming Earth Observation (EO). A consistent data model for delivery of training data will support the FAIR data principles (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) and enable Web-based use of training data in a spatial data infrastructure (SDI). Existing training datasets, including open source benchmark datasets, are usually packaged into public or personal repositories and lack discoverability and accessibility. Moreover, there is no unified method to describe the training data. Here we propose a training data model for AI in EO to allow documentation, storage, and sharing of geospatial training data in a distributed infrastructure. We present design rationales, information models, and an encoding method. Several scenarios illustrate the intended uses and benefits for EO DL applications in an open Web environment. The relationship with Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards is also discussed, as is the impact on an AI-ready SDI.
The MFD and the built environment: A new perspective on traffic problems in towns

1 Travel behavior in urban areas has been widely analyzed from the demand side, while the extent 2 to which the infrastructure imposes constraints on such travel behavior and leads to delays and 3 congestion has almost never been studied. For car-based transportation, the recently developed 4 theory of the macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) describes the relationship between the 5 accumulation of vehicles and their trip ending rate as a function of the infrastructure, opening the 6 door to new and meaningful studies that address the gap mentioned above. In this paper, we use 7 empirical traffic data from 42 cities around the world to estimate their MFDs, compare them with 8 respect to their functional behavior and the extent of delays, and explain the observed differences 9 as a function of the network topology, e.g. intersection density, average betweeness. We find 10 that the average betweenness centrality in a network seems to be a very clear indicator for the 11 level of traffic performance. This indicates that it is indeed possible to use some topological 12 features to predict traffic performance at the macroscopic level. 13 Loder, A. , L. Ambühl, M. Menendez and K. W. Axhausen 2
Probiotic Cocktail Alleviates Intestinal Inflammation Through Improving Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Colitis Mice

The modulation of the gut microbiome has been widely suggested as a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we established a novel probiotic cocktail to investigate its therapeutic role in acute colitis mice. During dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, the mice were treated with the probiotic cocktail, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy mice donor, or 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), respectively. The inflammatory responses were assessed by symptoms, serum inflammatory factors, and histological scoring. The intestinal barrier function was assessed by detecting tight junction proteins. Gut microbiota and its metabolites were further identified using 16S rDNA sequencing and a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Compared with FMT and 5-ASA treatment, the probiotic cocktail performed better in alleviating symptoms of colitis and decreasing disease activity score and mucosal inflammation. The probiotic cocktail also significantly decreased serum IL-17 level and increased JAM-1 expression in colon. The gut microbiota analysis confirmed that the beneficial effects of the probiotic cocktail were attributed to increasing anti-inflammatory bacteria Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Blautia, while decreasing pro-inflammatory bacteria Parasutterella. The targeted metabolome analysis further indicated a rise in the production of Bifidobacterium-related short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propanoic acid and isobutyric acid after probiotics treatment. Taken together, the probiotic cocktail effectively alleviated intestinal inflammation through improving gut microbiota and metabolites in colitis mice, suggesting its great potential to be a novel therapeutic approach for IBD patients.
From start-up to scale-up

This study researches the relationship between a first time, start-up founder’s strategic decisionmaking autonomy, leadership style, and the employment growth in an organisation that is making the transition from start-up to scale-up. This study was done with by looking into four cases with the Retrospective Team Events and Affect Mapping approach designed by van Dun and Wijnmaalen (2020). This involved doing five key informant interviews with the founders of the four cases, by sending a questionnaire to the employees, and four group interviews with a total of eleven key actors. The cases consisted out of one organisation fully owned by the founders, two externally funded organisational were the founders still had majority shareholder rights, and one spin-off. After presenting the results in a narrative description, three propositions were drafted up. The first propositional stated the decision-making power of an employee relates negatively with the strategic decision-making autonomy of the founder during the transition from start-up to scale-up. The second proposition states that resources, like money, knowledge, and a network, brought to the organisation by the investor relate positively with the employment growth during the transition from start-up to scale-up. This relationship is moderated by the strategic decision-making autonomy of the founder. The third proposition is resources brought to the organisation by the investor relate positively with the employment growth during the transition from start-up to scale-up. This relationship is moderated by the fault line strength between the founder and investor. There were a few limitations to this study, one of which is the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. This had an effect on the number of organisation willing to participate. A type of founder that is now missing from this study, is one that has founded an organisation before as this has an impact on the decisions this founder makes. All the cases in this study consisted of Dutch organisations, organisations in different countries have different cultures and might make different strategic decisions based on a different cultural background. A major avenue for future research is the observation that all of the founders were transformational leaders. This leadership style seems very suiting for start-up and scale-up organisations as it is able to deal with the turbulence that comes in these periods of organisation. A second suggestion for future research is the founder-investor fit, as a good fit will lead to a more organisational opportunities being explored. A third suggestion is the role change a founder goes through during the transition from start-up to scale-up. As in this study, no change in leadership style was observed, only a very strong change in the role the founder had inside the organisation.
Multi-Objective Hybrid WIPSO–GSA Algorithm-Based DG and Capacitor Planning for Reduction of Power Loss and Voltage Deviation in Distribution System

Abstract In electric distribution system, majority of load connected are inductive in nature and it results in increased system power loss and reduced bus voltage profile. In this study, in order to overcome these issues, optimal planning of DG and capacitor are presented by optimizing multiple objectives such as minimization of total active power loss (P loss total ) and reduction of voltage deviation (VD). Here, a hybrid configuration of weight improved particle swarm optimization (WIPSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) called hybrid WIPSO–GSA algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem in multi-objective problem domain. In order to solve multi-objective optimization problem, the proposed hybrid WIPSO–GSA algorithm is integrated with two components. The first component is fixed-sized archive that is responsible for storing a set of non-dominated Pareto optimal solutions and the second component is a leader selection strategy that helps to update and identify the best compromised solution from the archive. The proposed methodology is tested on standard 33-bus and Indian 85-bus distribution system. Moreover, the total economic benefit due to optimal DG and capacitor planning are established and also the superiority of the proposed technique is illustrated by comparing the results with other existing optimization techniques.
Social Media for the Dissemination of Educational Videos About Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

INTRODUCTION: To broadly disseminate 5 user-centered educational videos for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and their family and friends on social media. METHODS: Relevant social media users were iteratively identified based on their online behavior. For each video, 2 different accompanying texts were tested. RESULTS: We reached 4.2 million social media users of whom 320,302 watched at least 50% of the video. A short description resulted in higher view rates than posing an open-ended question. DISCUSSION: We showed the feasibility of large-scale dissemination of health-related educational videos through social media. Our findings can inform future online dissemination approaches of educational content.