Social capital and gender in the workplace

Introduction Social capital widely as a valuable asset for community health, empowerment of civil society organizations and freshness is accepted. James Coleman (1990), Robert Putnam (1995), Chu,k,f(2003) have expressed Social capital and public participation in health-based democratic life.this article followed by the the concept of social capital in the workplace included applications development and management the importance of gender in shaping social capital and the distribution of benefits. The literature reveals that social Capital an important factor in organizational behavior, also collection and utilization of social capital are related to gender. this paper will discuss the women's efforts in achieving career advancement and benefits for their inability access to social capital, have been prevented. Social capital World Bank, defines social capital as the norms and social relations rooted in social structures and individuals to coordinate and achieve optimum performance, enabling objectives, . (Cohen and Prusak, 2001)The definition of a common value of all social networks and trust, reciprocity, information and cooperation that is caused by social networks. Is on whereas physical capital refers to material objects and human capital refers to the traits and abilities. That individuals possess communication between individuals, social capital, social networks and norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them, is referred. (Putnam, 1995 p. 19) Kohan and Prvsak tell that social capital is comprised of active connections among people including trust, mutual understanding and shared values and behaviors is The members of human networks and communities together to And make cooperative action possible. They say that social capital more than a collection of organizations from people who have goals and objectives makes. social capital, cooperation, commitment, information sharing and trust are created. genuine participation in the organization that will lead to success and effectiveness. use communication and social relations to achieve their goals, social groups and organizations is essential. social capital through trust, communication networks, shared norms of strong and effective relationship with any increases occur also a positive experience, confidence, social contact and facilitates information sharing between individuals and groups. trust is an essential factor in the formation of social capital and also a successful connection is made through a trust build the confidence to build social capital. Social capital at work Social capital has been used almost exclusively to individuals and groups and only recently has been in organizational analysis various elements of the concept in organizational theory has existed for a long time. the best of these findings in relation to social capital theory in the workplace, Burt (1992) is with the social capital of structural holes in structural or interpersonal network considers relevant. Structural hole theory, insight into the relationship between social capital and career advancement in the workplace provides the study economic models, Burt (1992) first found the gap in the market due to lack of Smooth data flow, occurs. (Clark, T., Putnam,2010:123) Fukuyama (1995) about a lot of confidence in social responsibility for the performance leader in all social systems, including organizations is discussed. Fukuyama expressed many groups and organizations with high levels of trust or social capital are effective. He says the success of large organizations depends on the cooperation of opposition parties. is bringing. People do not build trust or social capital itself. but trust is formed when people are sharing common norms and values and trust are conducive formation of social capital due to being based on moral principles, trust, virtue is a difficult group. however, when it occurs it is difficult to eradicate. (Fukuyama, 1995) In addition, organizations that trust and social capital are less business expenses that all individuals in the organization based on a set of shared norms and values and work in an environment of trust, the best opportunities exist for innovation and progress. In organizations with high levels of trust allowing a wide range of social relations and organizational development