Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Activity of Masticatory Muscles in Patients with Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Abstract Aims to map and synthesize the results from studies that assessed whether individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) have abnormal masseter and temporal muscles activation during the masticatory cycle. Methods Six databases were searched for comparative observational studies assessing masticatory muscles activation in individuals with CP through electromyography analysis. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Checklist. Outcome data were combined in meta-analysis using the Review Manager software. Results We included five cross-sectional studies with an overall low risk of bias. Meta-analyses showed no difference between CP and healthy individuals regarding maximum voluntary isometric contraction: right masseter (Standard mean difference [SMD] − 0.95; 95% CI −2.03 to 0.13); left masseter (SMD −0.92; 95% CI −1.93 to 0.09); right temporal (SMD −0.72; 95% CI −1.63 to 0.18); and left temporal (SMD −0.68; 95% CI −1.76 to 0.40). Electrical activity amplitude in the inactive period was superior in the CP group, and maximum bite pressure presented higher values in the control group (Mean difference [MD] − 17.38; CI 95% −26.62 to −10.15). Conclusions Based on observational studies with a lower level of evidence, individuals with CP seem to present difficulties activating masticatory muscles. Future prospective cohort studies with rigorous methodology are still necessary to support these findings. PROSPERO register CRD42020208444.
The Effectiveness of Parenting Programs in Preventing Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Parenting programs are the most common intervention for preventing the lethal form of child maltreatment, abusive head trauma (AHT). However, certain results of the effects of these programs have not yet been compared across studies. A systematic review with meta-analysis is warranted to quantitively synthesize the available evidence to identify effective elements and strategies of the programs for preventing AHT. This review aims to estimate AHT preventive parenting programs’ pooled effect on the reduction of AHT incidence, the improvement of parental knowledge, and the increased use of safe strategies in response to infants’ inconsolable crying. Studies published in English and Mandarin were searched and retained if they were randomized control trials (RCTs) or with a quasi-experimental design, included an AHT preventive parenting program, and provided data that quantified targeted outcomes. Eighteen studies were included in this review. AHT preventive parenting programs had a pooled effect on improving parents’ knowledge and increasing the use of safe coping strategies in response to inconsolable crying but not on the incidence of AHT and parents’ emotional self-regulation. Subgroup analyses showed that the intervention effects were mostly present across study designs or measurements and emerged in the reduction of AHT incidence compared with historical controls. The findings suggest that AHT preventive parenting programs enhance parenting knowledge and skills to provide safe care for infants. Further efforts to evaluate AHT parenting programs on the reduction of AHT incidence are necessary for decision-making on allocating and disseminating interventions.
Nonlinear data-assimilation using implicit models

We show how the traditional 4D-Var method can be adapted for implicit time-integration and extended for multi-parameter estimation. We present the algorithm for this new method, which we call I4D-Var, and demon- strate its performance using a fully-implicit barotropic quasi- geostrophic model of the wind-driven double-gyre ocean cir- culation. For the latter model, the different regimes of flow behavior and the regime boundaries (i.e. bifurcation points) are well known and hence the parameter estimation problem can be systematically studied. It turns out that I4D-Var is able to correctly estimate parameter values, even when back- ground flow and "observations" are in different dynamical regimes.
CASP4/11 contributes to NLRP3 activation and COVID-19 exacerbation.

The SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which promotes inflammation and aggravates the severe cases of COVID-19. Here, we reported that SARS-CoV-2 induces upregulation and activation of human Caspase-4/CASP4 (mouse Caspase-11/CASP11), and this process contributes to NLRP3 activation. In vivo infections performed in transgenic hACE2 humanized mice, deficient or sufficient for Casp11, indicate that hACE2 Casp11-/- mice were protected from disease development, with the increased pulmonary parenchymal area, reduced clinical score of the disease, and reduced mortality. Assessing human samples from fatal cases of COVID-19, we found that CASP4 was expressed in patient lungs and correlated with the expression of inflammasome components and inflammatory mediators, including CASP1, IL1B, IL18, and IL6. Collectively, our data establish that CASP4/11 promotes NLRP3 activation and disease pathology, revealing a possible target for therapeutic interventions to COVID-19.
Distance and molecular weight dependence of surface enhanced fluorescence in conjugated polymer thin films

Photoluminescence (PL) of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) in the presence of Silver nanoparticles (NP) is studied. The purpose of this research is to understand the PL distance dependence of plasmon-polymer separation and a correlation between the surface enhanced fluorescence (SEF) and polymer molecular weight. Distinct peaks in PL are found for plasmon-polymer separations ranging from near the far field to the near field, under 100 nm. Extinction of the devices shows that changes in absorption cannot explain all enhancement in PL and suggests that a modification of the radiative lifetime is modified. The dependence of the photoluminescence of MEH-PPV on molecular weight shows variation but overall suggests chain length does not affect film quenching. This is largely attributed to the large polydispersity of the polymer materials used.
Note on waves through gases at pressures small compared with the magnetic pressure, with applications to upper-atmosphere aerodynamics

Most treatments of magnetohydrodynamics waves have confined physical interpretation to cases when the Alfvén velocity a1 is small compared with the sound velocity a0. Here we consider the ‘low-beta situation’, in which a1, the only possible waves are longitudinal ones, propagated unidirectionally along lines of magnetic force with velocity a0. These can be interpreted as sound waves, confined to effectively rigid magnetic tubes of force. Hall-current effects do not alter these conclusions (in contrast to the high-beta situation), and finite conductivity introduces only small dissipation. An application is made to the flow pattern around a body moving through the F2 layer of the ionosphere, where, although neutral particles have a very large mean free path, charged particles interact electrostatically and, it is argued, may be regarded as forming a continuous fluid whose movement is independent of that of the neutral particles. A body moving at satellite speed or below would then excite the above-mentioned unidirectional sound waves, but no waves at much faster Alfvén velocity. These considerations suggest that its movement would be accompanied by a [xvee ]-shaped pattern of electron density (figure 2), which might be in part responsible for some anomalous radar echoes that have been reported.
MOLECULAR EMISSION FROM THE DIFFUSE GAS AROUND ZETA OPHIUCHI

Wehavemapped18cmOHand9cmCHemission from the diffuse gas around Oph, and nd no trace of emis- sion from the +4.5 kms 1 gas whose OH line was previously believedtorepresentpre-shockgas.ThepatternofOHemission isstrikinglydissimilartothoseofCO,HCO + andCHinthatthe strong +1 kms 1 component seen to the South is largely absent in OH. CH more closely resembles CO, peaking on either side of the star, and comparison of CO and CH shows that the CO line 'turns on' over a very narrow range of CH line strength. Alternatively, OH emission actually weakens as CO brightens inthe+0:4kms 1 line,butthismaybeonlyanexcitationeffect, and not the result of a declining OH abundance. Wemapped3mmHCO + emissionovertheinnerportionof the gas distribution occulting Oph, nding that its behaviour roughly parallels that of CO. We searched for emission from HCN, CS (J=2-1), CN, and C2H at the CO and HCO + emission peak 30 0 South of the star. Of these, only HCN was found and it is quite weak compared to HCO + (T r 0:03 K vs. 0.09 K). Emission from the other mm-wave species is absent in spectra with rms noise T r 0.01 K; CS J=2-1 emission was sought also unsuccessfully toward the star. The column densities in- ferred from these intensities are uncertain owing to unknown physical conditions along the line of sight, chiefly the kinetic temperature,buttheyarenotnecessarilymuchlargerthanwould befoundtowardthestar.Relativeabundancesofthehigh-dipole moment species are better determined; N(HCN)/N(HCO + )1, N(CS)/N(HCO + ) < 1.
The RNase III enzyme Dicer1 is essential for larval development in Bombyx mori

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of nearly all aspects of biological processes in eukaryotes. During the biogenesis of miRNAs, the RNase III enzyme Dicer processes double‐strand precursor miRNAs into mature miRNAs and promotes the assembly of RNA‐induced silencing complexes (RISCs). Dicer has been reported to participate in a wide range of physiological processes, including development and immunity, in some insect species. However, the physiological roles of Dicer in lepidopterans remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function of Bombyx mori Dicer1. We first performed sequence alignment and found that the sequence of functional domains of Dicer1 are varied among Lepidoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera, Blattaria, and Orthoptera. Using a binary clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated protein 9 genome editing approach, we showed that BmDicer1 mutants have arrested development from the 3rd instar into the 4th instar. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that the defects in BmDicer1 mutants are due to dysregulation of genes that encode proteins involved in metabolism, protein degradation, absorption, and renin–angiotensin pathways. Analysis using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that mutation of BmDicer1 altered expression of miRNAs and their target genes. Therefore, our study demonstrates the critical roles of BmDicer1 in miRNA biogenesis and larval development in silkworm.
Advanced Branching Processes

In this article, we discuss three important classes of advanced models of branching processes, namely branching processes in random environment, branching random walks, and continuous state branching processes. These models have recently been the object of intense research activity, and we highlight some of their most basic properties, linked for instance to extinction problems or long-time behavior. Keywords: branching process; branching process in random environment; branching random walk; continuous state branching process; superprocess
The Role of Pre-Treatment Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Adolescent Substance Use Treatment Outcomes

Abstract Background: Prominent theories suggest that individuals with co-occurring traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) and substance use (SU) may be less responsive to SU treatment compared to those with SU only. However, empirical findings in adult samples are mixed, and there has been limited work among adolescents. This study assesses the association between TSS and SU treatment outcomes among trauma-exposed adolescents, using statistical methods to reduce potential confounding from important factors such as baseline SU severity. Method: 2,963 adolescents with lifetime history of victimization received evidence-based SU treatment in outpatient community settings. At baseline, 3- and 6-months, youth were assessed using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs Traumatic Stress Scale and the Substance Frequency Scale. Propensity score weighting was used to mitigate potential confounding due to baseline differences in sociodemographic characteristics and SU across youth with varying levels of TSS. Results: Propensity score weighting successfully balanced baseline differences in sociodemographic factors and baseline SU across youth. Among all youth, mean SU was lower at both 3- and 6- month follow-up relative to baseline, indicating declining use. After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed no statistically significant relationship between TSS and SU at either 3- or 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: Based on this investigation, conducted among a large sample of trauma-exposed youth receiving evidence-based outpatient SU treatment, baseline TSS do not appear to be negatively associated with SU treatment outcomes. However, future research should examine whether youth with TSS achieve better outcomes through integrative treatment for both SU and TSS. IMPACT STATEMENT The results of this study provide keenly needed evidence that, among youth with prior victimization, presence and level of traumatic stress symptoms at substance use treatment initiation does not lead to significantly worse treatment outcomes for youth in outpatient treatment. This suggests that evidence-based outpatient substance use treatment modalities may be effective at improving substance use outcomes even when co-existing traumatic stress symptoms are present.
Chemical similarities between the Galactic bulge and local thick disk red giant stars: analysis from optical data

Abstract The Galactic structure and composition remain as one of the greatest open problems in modern astrophysics. We show here that there are chemical similarities between the Galactic bulge and local thick disk red giant stars. This finding puts strong constraints on the IMF, SFR and chemical enrichment timescale of the bulge and thick disk. Our results are based upon a detailed elemental abundance analysis of 80 high S/N and high resolution optical spectra of giant stars, in the range −1.5 < [Fe/H] < +0.5.
Trapped modes in two-dimensional waveguides

A two-dimensional acoustical waveguide described by two infinite parallel lines a distance 2d apart has a circle of radius a < d positioned symmetrically between them. The potential satisfies the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation in the fluid region between the circle and the lines, and the normal gradient of the potential vanishes on both. For motions which are antisymmetric about the centreline of the guide there exists a cutoff frequency below which no propagation down the guide is possible. It is proved that for a circle of sufficiently small radius there exists a trapped mode, having a frequency close to the cutoff frequency, which is antisymmetric about the centreline of the guide and symmetric about a line through the centre of the circle perpendicular to the centreline. The method used is due to Ursell (1951) who established the existence of a trapped surface wave mode in the vicinity of a long totally submerged horizontal circular cylinder of small radius in deep water. Numerical computations in the present work reveal that a single trapped mode appears to exist for all values of a ≤ d and not just when the circle is small. The present method, when used to attempt to construct a solution antisymmetric about both the centreline and a line perpendicular to it through the centre of the circle does not lead to a trapped mode. The trapped modes can equally well be regarded as surface-wave modes, as in an infinitely long tank of water with a free surface, into which has been placed symmetrically, a vertical rigid circular cylinder extending throughout the depth. Numerical evidence for the existence of such trapped modes when the cylinder is of rectangular cross-section was presented in Evans & Linton (1991).
Trial of Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke with Large Infarct.

BACKGROUND The role of endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large infarction has not been extensively studied in differing populations. METHODS We conducted a multicenter, prospective, open-label, randomized trial in China involving patients with acute large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and an Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 3 to 5 (range, 0 to 10, with lower values indicating larger infarction) or an infarct-core volume of 70 to 100 ml. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours from the time they were last known to be well to undergo endovascular therapy and receive medical management or to receive medical management alone. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days (scores range from 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating greater disability), and the primary objective was to determine whether a shift in the distribution of the scores on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days had occurred between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included scores of 0 to 2 and 0 to 3 on the modified Rankin scale. The primary safety outcome was symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage within 48 hours after randomization. RESULTS A total of 456 patients were enrolled; 231 were assigned to the endovascular-therapy group and 225 to the medical-management group. Approximately 28% of the patients in both groups received intravenous thrombolysis. The trial was stopped early owing to the efficacy of endovascular therapy after the second interim analysis. At 90 days, a shift in the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin scale toward better outcomes was observed in favor of endovascular therapy over medical management alone (generalized odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 1.69; P = 0.004). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 14 of 230 patients (6.1%) in the endovascular-therapy group and in 6 of 225 patients (2.7%) in the medical-management group; any intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 113 (49.1%) and 39 (17.3%), respectively. Results for the secondary outcomes generally supported those of the primary analysis. CONCLUSIONS In a trial conducted in China, patients with large cerebral infarctions had better outcomes with endovascular therapy administered within 24 hours than with medical management alone but had more intracranial hemorrhages. (Funded by Covidien Healthcare International Trading [Shanghai] and others; ANGEL-ASPECT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04551664.).
Long-term Outcomes Associated With Post–kidney Donation Pregnancy Complications

Background. Kidney donors have increased risk of postdonation gestational hypertension (gHTN) and preeclampsia. In the general population, pregnancy complications are associated with long-term maternal risk. However, little data exist on whether donors with postdonation pregnancy-related complications have similar increased long-term risks. We studied whether postdonation gHTN, preeclampsia/eclampsia, or gestational diabetes (gDM) was associated with increased risk of developing hypertension, DM, cardiovascular disease, or estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods. Postdonation pregnancies with complications were matched to pregnancies without complications based on time from donation. Incidence of outcomes was compared using sequential Cox regression with robust standard errors. Donors with predonation pregnancy complications were excluded. Models were adjusted for age at pregnancy, gravidity, year of donation, and family history of hypertension, DM, and heart disease. Results. Of the 384 donors with postdonation pregnancies (median [quartiles] follow-up of 27.0 [14.2–36.2] y after donation), 39 experienced preeclampsia/eclampsia, 29 gHTN without preeclampsia, and 17 gDM. Median interval from donation to first pregnancy with preeclampsia was 5.1 (2.9–8.6) y; for gHTN, 3.7 (1.9–7.8) y; and for gDM, 7.3 (3.7–10.3) y. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (hazard ratio [HR] 2.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-4.77) and gHTN (HR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.24-4.60) were associated with development of hypertension. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (HR 2.15; 95% CI, 1.11-4.16) and gDM (HR 5.60; 95% CI, 1.41-22.15) were associated with development of DM. Pregnancy-related complications were not associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease or estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusions. In our single-center study, postdonation preeclampsia, gHTN, or gDM was associated with long-term risk of hypertension or DM.
The path of dishonesty: identification of mental processes with electrical neuroimaging

Abstract Much research finds that lying takes longer than truth-telling. Yet, the source of this response time difference remains elusive. Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal evolution of electrical brain activity during honesty and dishonesty in 150 participants using a sophisticated electrical neuroimaging approach—the microstate approach. This uniquely positioned us to identify and contrast the entire chain of mental processes involved during honesty and dishonesty. Specifically, we find that the response time difference is the result of an additional late-occurring mental process, unique to dishonest decisions, interrupting the antecedent mental processing. We suggest that this process inhibits the activation of the truth, thus permitting the execution of the lie. These results advance our understanding of dishonesty and clarify existing theories about the role of increased cognitive load. More broadly, we demonstrate the vast potential of our approach to illuminate the temporal organization of mental processes involved in decision-making.
Relaxation of interface states and positive charge in thin gate oxide after Fowler–Nordheim stress

Fowler–Nordheim (F.N.) tunneling of electrons from the gate into thin thermally grown SiO2 under high electrical field stress has been performed with polycrystalline Si‐SiO2‐Si capacitors and relaxation of both interface state densities and flat‐band voltage investigated during several months after F.N. stress at room temperature. It has been found that the relaxation behavior of surface states and positive charge densities follow fractional power laws in time.