Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variability and Estimation of Jet Parameters for Ton 599

The TeV blazar Ton 599 has exhibited a peculiar flare in 2017 November. The temporal variation of the source is studied using simultaneous γ-ray data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and radio data from the Owens Valley Radio Observatory’s 40 m telescope, over the period of 9 yr. Four major flaring periods are observed in the γ-ray energy band of 0.1–300 GeV. These periods are studied on a shorter timescale and modeled with a time-dependent function containing exponential rising and decaying components. The physical parameters of the jet are estimated numerically and compared with those reported in the literature. During the fourth flare, a bunch of high-energy photons (>10 GeV) were detected. The two highest-energy photons, with energies of 76.9 and 61.9 GeV, are detected on MJD 58,059.0 and 58,073.3, respectively. This observation possibly constrains the γ-ray emission region to lie near the outer edge or outside the broad-line region of size ∼0.08 pc. The variation of equivalent width of an Mg ii line is studied using the spectroscopic data from Steward Observatory. It was observed that the equivalent width of the line varies inversely with the underlying power-law continuum.
Scientific Computations on Mathematical Problems and Conjectures

1. The Bernstein conjecture in approximation theory 2. The '1/9' conjecture and its recent solution 3. Theoretical and computational aspects of the Riemann hypothesis 4. Asymptotics for the zeros of the partial sums of exp(z) 5. Real vs. Complex best rational approximation 6. Generalizations of Jensen's inequality for polynomials having concentration at low degrees.
Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Anti-Hyperuricemia Properties of Sanghuangporus vaninii and Inonotus hispidus in Rodent Models

Acute inflammation and hyperuricemia are associated with gouty arthritis. As an edible and therapeutic mushroom, Sanghuangporus vaninii (SV) has an inhibitory effect on tumorigenesis, and Inonotus hispidus (IH) exhibits anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In this study, uric acid (UA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels in hyperuricemic mice were examined to determine the regulatory effects of SV and IH. SV and IH reversed the pathogenic state of elevated UA levels in the serum and reduced levels of XOD in the serum and liver of mice with hyperuricemia. SV and IH affected the inflammatory response in rats with acute gouty arthritis. Compared to vehicle-treated rats, monosodium urate crystals (MSU) increased the swelling ratio of the right ankle joints. SV and IH administration significantly reduced swelling and inflammatory cell infiltration. SV reduced the levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and chemokine ligand-2 (CCL-2), whereas IH reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), CCL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which were confirmed in articular soft tissues by immunohistochemistry. In summary, our data provide experimental evidence for the applicability of SV and IH in gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia treatment.
Light relic neutralinos

The relic abundance and the scalar cross section off the nucleon for light neutralinos (of mass below about 45 GeV) are evaluated in an effective MSSM model without GUT-inspired relations among the gaugino masses. It is shown that these neutralinos may provide a sizable contribution to the matter density in the Universe and produce measurable effects in WIMP direct detection experiments. These properties are elucidated in terms of simple analytical arguments.
AGN Activity in Nucleated Galaxies as Measured by Chandra

Motivated by theoretical expectations that nuclear star clusters (NSCs) in galactic centers may provide a favorable environment for supermassive black holes to form and/or efficiently grow, we set out to measure the fraction of nearby nucleated galaxies that also host an active galactic nucleus. We targeted a distance-limited sample of 98 objects with the Chandra X-ray Telescope, down to a uniform X-ray luminosity threshold of ∼1038 erg s−1. The sample is composed of 47 late-types and 51 early-types, enabling us to further investigate the active fraction as a function of galactic morphology. After correcting for contamination to the nuclear X-ray signal from bright X-ray binaries, we measure an active fraction f = 11.2 % − 4.9 + 7.4 (1σ C.L.) across the whole sample, in agreement with previous estimates based on a heterogeneous combination of optical, X-ray, and radio diagnostics, by Seth et al. After accounting for the different stellar mass distributions in our samples, we find no statistically significant difference in the active fraction of early- versus late-type nucleated galaxies, with f = 10.6 % − 4.9 + 11.9 and 10.8 % − 6.3 + 11.3 , respectively. For the early-type nucleated galaxies, we are able to carry out a controlled comparison with a parent sample of non-nucleated galaxies covering the same stellar mass range, again finding no statistically significant difference in the active fraction. Taken at face value, our findings suggest that the presence of an NSC does not facilitate or enhance accretion-powered emission from a nuclear supermassive black hole. This is true even for late-type nucleated galaxies, home to bluer NSCs and arguably larger gas reservoirs.
Using a Very Low Energy Diet to Achieve Substantial Preconception Weight Loss in Women with Obesity: A Review of the Safety and Efficacy

Obesity in women of reproductive age is common. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal obesity not only increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes but also has an enduring impact on the metabolic health of the offspring. Given this, management of obesity prior to pregnancy is critically important. Almost all international guidelines suggest that women with obesity should aim to achieve weight loss prior to pregnancy. However, current pre-conception weight loss therapies are sub-optimal. Lifestyle modification typically results in modest weight loss. This may assist fertility but does not alter pregnancy outcomes. Bariatric surgery results in substantial weight loss, which improves pregnancy outcomes for the mother but may be harmful to the offspring. Alternative approaches to the management of obesity in women planning pregnancy are needed. Very low energy diets (VLEDs) have been proposed as a possible tool to assist women with obesity achieve weight loss prior to conception. While VLEDs can induce substantial and rapid weight loss, there are concerns about the impact of rapid weight loss on maternal nutrition prior to pregnancy and about inadvertent exposure of the early fetus to ketosis. The purpose of this review is to examine the existing literature regarding the safety and efficacy of a preconception VLED program as a tool to achieve substantial weight loss in women with obesity.
Symmetries near a generic charged null surface and associated algebra: An off-shell analysis

To understand the underlying degrees of freedom, near horizon symmetry analysis of a black has gain significant interest in the recent past. In this paper we generalized those analysis first by taking into account a generic null surface carrying $U(1)$ electromagnetic charge. With the appropriate boundary conditions near the surface under study, we identified the symmetry algebra among the subset of diffeomporphism and gauge generators which preserve the metric of the null surface and the form of the gauge field configuration. With the knowledge of those symmetries we further derived the algebra among the associated charges considering general two derivative gravity theory and gauge theory. Importantly while computing the charges we not only considered general theory, but also used off-shell formalism which is believed to play crucial role in understanding quantum gravity.
Isolation of fecal Escherichia coli from fresh strawberries (fragaria ananassa) in Iran

Background and Objectives: Microbial safety of the fresh fruits is a global concern. The production of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in Iran has grown 4.5% from 2016 to 2019. Little information is available about the microbiological quality of strawberry produced in Iran. The objective of this investigation was to assess the fecal Escherichia coli (FEC) contamination of fresh strawberries of south of Kerman province where is the centers of production and supply of strawberries to other parts of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the FEC of a total number of 109 strawberry samples, which were collected from green-houses of strawberry of Kerman province during three months, were enumerated using the most probable number (MPN) as described by Iranian National Standards Organization, protocol No.2946, and interpreted using the latest statute released by Iran Veterinary Organization, Executive order number 2946, released in 2011. Results: MPN of FEC counted in strawberries ranged between <0.3 (n=37) and >110 (n=19) per gram (g) having a mean, mode, and median value of 250.3, <0.3, and 9.4 MPN/g, respectively. More than one-fourth of the samples (28.44%) were polluted with FEC at a level of >100 MPN/g. Conclusion: Our findings may be resulted from the sanitary quality of the farm and strawberries of the study area, which indicated that the microbial safety of the strawberries in this survey was not satisfactory, alarming public health.
Soft X-ray spectroscopy of Compton-thick Seyfert 2 galaxies with BeppoSAX

We present a X-ray spectroscopic study of the bright Compton-thick Seyfert 2s NGC 1068 and Circinus Galaxy, performed with BeppoSAX. Matt et al. (1997 and 1998) interpreted the spectrum above 4 keV as the superposition of Compton reﬂection and warm plasma scattering of the nuclear radiation. When this continuum is extrapolated downwards to 0.1 keV, further components arise. The NGC 1068 spectrum is rich in emission lines, mainly due to K α transitions of He-like elements from oxygen to iron, plus a K α ﬂuorescent line from neutral iron. If the ionized lines originate in the warm scatterer, its thermal and ionization structure must be complex. From the continuum and line properties, we estimate a column density, N warm , of the warm scatterer less than a few × 10 21 cm − 2 . In Circinus Galaxy, the absence of highly ionized iron is consistent with a scattering medium with U X < ∼ 5 and N warm ∼ a few × 10 22 cm − 2 . In both cases the neutral iron line is most naturally explained as ﬂuorescence in the medium responsible for the Compton reﬂection continuum. In NGC 1068 an optically thin plasma emission with kT ≃ 500 eV and strongly sub-solar metallicity is required, while such a component is only marginal in Circinus Galaxy. We tentatively identify this component as emission of diﬀuse hot gas in the nuclear starbursts. Possible causes for the metal depletion are discussed.
Espacios de pertenencia juvenil en contextos de desventaja: tensiones y disputas

Partiendo de una conceptualización socioantropológica de la pertenencia que enfatiza su carácter relacional, procesual y subjetivo, se analiza la construcción de pertenencia juvenil y los dilemas que ello encierra en tres espacios situados en contextos de desventaja: la escuela, el barrio y la comunidad. En los dos primeros casos nos referimos a jóvenes de sectores populares urbanos, en el tercero a jóvenes indígenas. Se exploran sus luchas cotidianas, las contradicciones y tensiones sociales y subjetivas que enfrentan para construir pertenencia bajo condiciones material y socialmente desfavorables. La información empírica proviene de investigaciones cualitativas realizadas por los propios autores en México. Se evidencian las formas y dilemas que encierra la pertenencia para jóvenes en desventaja, y los hallazgos muestran el carácter contradictorio, cambiante y disputado que asume la pertenencia en estos escenarios. En términos teóricos, el análisis abona a la necesidad de conceptualizar la pertenencia en la juventud como una práctica situada y variable, dependiendo de los contextos y actores involucrados. and subjective character, this work analyzes the building of youth belonging and its dilemmas contained in three situated disadvantaged contexts: school, neighborhood, and community. In the first two cases, we refer to working-class, urban young people; the third case, on the other hand, refers to indigenous young people. Their daily life struggles, contradictions and social, subjective tensions faced to build a sense of belonging under materially and socially unfavorable conditions are explored in this work. Empirical data has been taken from qualitative research carried out by its own authors in Mexico, where the ways and dilemmas behind belonging for disadvantaged young people are evidenced. The results show the contradictory, volatile and disputed character of belonging in these scenarios. In theoretical terms, the analysis stands up for a conceptualization of belonging in youth as a variable, situated practice relying on the contexts and participants involved.
Indonesian Traditional Medicines: The Use Before And During The COVID-19 Pandemic At Online Pharmacy Networks In Indonesia

Background: Many countries' use of traditional medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic aims to increase immunity and reduce symptoms caused by COVID-19. The use of traditional medicine, either alone or in combination with "western medicine" has become a concern for many countries to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic when drugs and vaccines are in the process of discovery and procurement. Methods: The main sales data obtained are included and excluded so that they can be compared, then coded according to the distribution permit classification, route of administration, country of origin, and usage claims. The analysis of the effect of the route of administration and country of origin is based on chi-square (chi-square count > chi-square table), which states that both have an effect. Results: The significance of the use of traditional medicines based on claims (p <0.05) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was not significantly different. Conclusion: There is an effect of using Indonesian traditional medicine by classification of the route of use and country of origin. It is only a claim to help maintain liver health, which has a significant difference in the use of Indonesian traditional medicines before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the percentage of sales is decreasing.
Numerical simulations of necklaces in SU(2) gauge-Higgs field theory

We perform the first numerical simulations of necklaces in a non-Abelian gauge theory. Necklaces are composite classical solutions which can be interpreted as monopoles trapped on strings, rather generic structures in a Grand Unified Theory. We generate necklaces from random initial conditions, modelling a phase transition in the early Universe, and study the evolution. For all cases, we find that the necklace system shows scaling behaviour similar to that of a network of ordinary cosmic strings. Furthermore, our simulations indicate that comoving distance between the monopoles or semipoles along the string asymptotes to a constant value at late times. This means that while the monopole-to-string energy density ratio decreases as the inverse of the scale factor, a horizon-size length of string has a large number of monopoles, significantly affecting the dynamics of string loops. We argue that gravitational wave bounds from millisecond pulsar timing on the string tension in the Nambu-Goto scenario are greatly relaxed.
Massless field perturbations and gravitomagnetism in the Kerr-Taub-NUT spacetime

A single master equation is given describing spin $sl~2$ test fields that are gauge- and tetrad-invariant perturbations of the Kerr-Taub-NUT (Newman-Unti-Tamburino) spacetime representing a source with a mass M, gravitomagnetic monopole moment $\ensuremath{-}\mathcal{l},$ and gravitomagnetic dipole moment (angular momentum) per unit mass a. This equation can be separated into its radial and angular parts. The behavior of the radial functions at infinity and near the horizon is studied and used to examine the influence of $\mathcal{l}$ on the phenomenon of superradiance, while the angular equation leads to spin-weighted spheroidal harmonic solutions generalizing those of the Kerr spacetime. Finally, the coupling between the spin of the perturbing field and the gravitomagnetic monopole moment is discussed.
Questions and Answers about the National Flood Insurance Program

Established by Congress in 1968 because the private market stopped offering flood insurance, the NFIP provides federally backed flood insurance to property owners in participating communities. This 11-page fact sheet covers topics such as: why buy flood insurance, recent changes, flood zones and insurance rate maps, ways to reduce premiums, rate increases for pre-1974 structures, and actions communities can take to lower citizen premiums related to climate change and sea-level rise. Written by Thomas Ruppert and published by the UF Department of Sea Grant, August 2015.
A possible approach to understand nonlinear gravitational clustering in expanding background

A new approach to study the nonlinear phase of gravitational clustering in an expanding universe is explored. This approach is based on an integro-differential equation, for the evolution of the gravitational potential in the Fourier space, which is obtained by using a physically motivated closure condition. I show how this equation allows one to understand several aspects of nonlinear gravitational clustering and provides insight in to the transfer of power from one scale to another through nonlinear mode coupling.
A socio-economic analysis of the wood supply ecosystem service in the Oued Beht watershed, Morocco

ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems provide a range of ecosystem services (ES) of which timber forest products (TFPs) represent a significant proportion of their economic value. This proportion is not entirely included in the total economic value of forest as there is a lack of data on the direct wood harvesting done by the local population which negatively affects the sustainable management of these resources. This study aims to emphasising the economic value of wood, based on two wood mobilisation systems (official and unofficial) which have been explored to determine the quantities extracted and their economic values. The results of study show that the wood generate an annual socio-economic value of more than 199 million MAD or 5,981 MAD/ha/year. The right-use presents 66.80% of this value, more than 133 million MAD, followed by the auction with 31.09% and the illegal cuts with an amount of 4.2 million MAD. This work confirms the important role of this ecosystem service in the socio-economic life of local population. This information is useful towards emphasising need for participatory forest management to ensure the rational use of this ecosystem and the sustainability of its socio-economic values. This would ensure that community beneficiaries appreciate the economic role of forest products and the need to strengthen community governance structures in an endeavour to reduce conflict amongst beneficiaries. Therefore, we recommend institutionalising an equitable partnership between the users of space and the forest administration.
A Knowledge Transfer Framework for General Alloy Materials Properties Prediction

Biomedical metal implants have many applications in clinical treatment. Due to a variety of application requirements, alloy materials with specific properties are being designed continuously. The traditional alloy properties testing experiment is faced with high-cost and time-consuming challenges. Machine learning can accurately predict the properties of materials at a lower cost. However, the predicted performance is limited by the material dataset. We propose a calculation framework of alloy properties based on knowledge transfer. The purpose of the framework is to improve the prediction performance of machine learning models on material datasets. In addition to assembling the experiment dataset, the simulation dataset is also generated manually in the proposed framework. Domain knowledge is extracted from the simulation data and transferred to help train experiment data by the framework. The high accuracy of the simulation data (above 0.9) shows that the framework can effectively extract domain knowledge. With domain knowledge, the prediction performance of experimental data can reach more than 0.8. And it is 10% higher than the traditional machine learning method. The explanatory ability of the model is enhanced with the help of domain knowledge. In addition, five tasks are applied to show the framework is a general method.
Exercise During Pregnancy: Knowledge and Beliefs Among Females in Saudi Arabia

Background Exercise during pregnancy helps to promote health benefits for both the mother and fetus. One of the concerns among Saudi pregnant women is physical inactivity. The objective of this study was to assess females' knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward exercise during pregnancy in Saudi Arabia. Also, we investigated the most common barriers to exercising during pregnancy. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study that included all Saudi females aged 18 years and above and excluded non-Saudi females and those aged less than 18 years. A self-administered survey was distributed on social media platforms. The collected data were coded and analyzed using SPSS version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 1207 participants were enrolled in the study. In regards to general knowledge and awareness levels, 1002 (83%) participants had a high level of knowledge and awareness, and 205 (17%) had a low level of knowledge and awareness. Exercise during pregnancy is essential was agreed on by 853 (70.7%) participants. The most reported sources of information on prenatal exercise were found to be websites, as reported by 56.7% of the participants. About 42.4% of the participants were sometimes exercising during pregnancy. The most common type of antenatal exercise was found to be walking, as mentioned by 83.5% of the participants. The most commonly reported barrier to practicing antenatal exercises was found to be fatigue, as reported by 53.9% of the participants, and lack of time. Age was found to be significantly associated with the level of beliefs, awareness, and knowledge regarding antenatal care. A statistically significant association was found between marital status and level of beliefs, awareness, and knowledge regarding antenatal care with married participants tending to be having a higher level of knowledge and awareness compared to other groups. Occupation and level of beliefs, awareness, and knowledge regarding antenatal care were found to be significantly associated. Conclusion We found good general knowledge and awareness levels regarding exercise during pregnancy. Beliefs toward exercise during pregnancy were below average. Future studies on how to promote regular exercise during pregnancy are recommended.
Globular clusters : X Canary Islands Winter School of Astrophysics

1. The observational approach to populations in globular clusters I. R. King 2. Stellar populations and the formation of the Milky Way S. Majewski 3. Globular clusters as a test for stellar evolution V. Castellani 4. Early nucleosynthesis and chemical abundances of stars in globular clusters R. Gratton 5. Stellar dynamics of globular clusters R. A. W. Elson 6. Pulsating stars in globular clusters and their use M. W. Feast 7. X-Ray sources in globular clusters R. Canal 8. Globular clusters systems: formation models and case studies W. E. Harris.