Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amorphous state in the mixed phase of hadron-quark phase transition in protoneutron stars

We study the hadron-quark mixed phase in protoneutron stars, where neutrinos are trapped and lepton number becomes a conserved quantity besides the baryon number and electric charge. Considering protoneutron-star matter as a ternary system, the Gibbs conditions are applied together with the Coulomb interaction. We find that there no crystalline (``pasta'') structure appears in the regime of high lepton-number fraction; the size of pasta becomes very large and the geometrical structure becomes mechanically unstable due to the charge screening effect. Consequently the whole system is separated into two bulk regions like an amorphous state, where the surface effect is safely neglected. There, the local charge neutrality is approximately attained, so that the equation of state is effectively reduced to the one for a binary system. Hence, we conclude that there is no possibility for the density discontinuity to appear in protoneutron-star matter, which is a specific feature in a pure system. These features are important when considering astrophysical phenomena such as supernova explosions or radiation of the gravitational wave from protoneutron stars.
Clinical Remission of Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis - in a Longitudinal Population Study

Background Although asthma and allergic rhinitis are chronic diseases, some patients experience periods of remission. Information on prognostic factors associated with the remission of asthma and allergic rhinitis is valuable in resource prioritization. This study investigated factors associated with the clinical remission of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Methods In the Respiratory Health In Northern Europe (RHINE) study, data was collected with questionnaires in stage one (RHINE I, 1989–1992) and two follow-ups (RHINE II, 1999–2001 and RHINE III, 2010–2012) from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Estonia. Clinical remission was defined as having reported asthma or allergic rhinitis in RHINE I or RHINE II but not in RHINE III. Results Of 13,052 participants, 975 (7.5%) reported asthma in RHINE I or RHINE II, and 3379 (25.9%) allergic rhinitis. Clinical remission of asthma and allergic rhinitis was found in 46.4% and 31.8%, respectively. Living in Estonia (OR (95% CI) 2.44 (1.22–4.85)) and living in an apartment (1.45 (1.06–1.98)) were related to remission of asthma, while subjects reporting allergic rhinitis (0.68 (0.51–0.90)), asthma onset ≤ 12 years of age (0.49 (0.35–0.68)), receiving treatment with antibiotics for respiratory illness (0.64 (0.47–0.87)) were less likely to have asthma remission. Factors related to a higher likelihood of remission of allergic rhinitis were no asthma at baseline, age ≥ 58 years in RHINE III, allergic rhinitis onset after 12 years of age, living in rural areas as a child, having only a primary school education and not being pregnant. Conclusion Clinical remission was found in almost one-half of those with asthma and one-third of persons with allergic rhinitis. Coexisting allergic symptoms were associated with less clinical asthma remission. Age, asthma symptoms and environmental factors in childhood, such as living in a rural area, were found to influence the clinical remission of allergic rhinitis.
Directional Congestion in Data Envelopment Analysis

First, this paper proposes the definition of directional congestion in certain input and output directions in the framework of data envelopment analysis (DEA). Second, two methods from different viewpoints are also proposed to estimate the directional congestion in a DEA framework. Third, we address the relations among directional congestion and classic congestion and strong (weak) congestion. Finally, we present a case study investigating the analysis of the research institutes in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the methods developed in this paper.
Beam Direction-Based Modulation for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems: Design and Optimization

In this paper, we investigate a novel beam direction-based modulation transmit scheme for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems equipped with distributed antennas, and propose an enhanced space-domain index modulation (ESDIM) scheme, in which the number of beamforming directions (BDs) for transmitting information bits can be one or two. The ESDIM system jointly utilizes the combination of the index of BDs and signal constellations to transmit information bits, in which one or two beam directions are considered. In addition, we propose power allocation (PA) aided schemes for ESDIM to further improve the system reliability by reducing the system symbol error rate (SER), where three constraints to the transmit power for beamforming are investigated. To be specific, a total transmit power constraint (TTPC) and two per-beamforming power constraints (PBPC) are considered. We first propose a suboptimal PA algorithm for the TTPC-PA aided ESDIM scheme using a powerful solver based on advanced algebra theories, which only considers the PA aspects for a given selected beamforming pair. Then, we extend the TTPC-PA aided scheme to the average per-beamforming power constraint (APBPC)-PA aided scheme and the strict per-beamforming power constraint (SPBPC)-PA aided scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes improve the system SER performance compared to other existing counterparts.
Holomorphic current groups -- Structure and Orbits

Let K be a finite-dimensional, 1-connected complex Lie group, and let \Sigma_k=\Sigma - {p_1,\ldots,p_k\} be a compact connected Riemann surface \Sigma, from which we have extracted k > 0 distinct points. We study in this article the regular Frechet-Lie group O(\Sigma_k,K) of holomorphic maps from \Sigma_k to K and its central extension \widehat{O(\Sigma_k,K)}. We feature especially the automorphism groups of these Lie groups as well as the coadjoint orbits of \widehat{O(\Sigma_k,K)} which we link to flat K-bundles on \Sigma_k.
Counting covering cycles

We compute the number of equivalence classes of nonperiodic covering cycles of given length in a non oriented connected graph. A covering cycle is a closed path that traverses each edge of the graph at least once. A special case is the number of Euler cycles in the non oriented graph. An identity relating the numbers of covering cycles of any length in a graph to a product of determinants is obtained.
The two-dimensional Euler-Poisson system with spherical symmetry

This article concerns the global-in-time existence of smooth solutions with small amplitude to two space dimensional Euler-Poisson system. The main difficulty lies in the slow time decay (1 + t)−1 of the linear system. Inspired by the work of Ozawa et al., [“Global existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions for the Klein-Gordon equations with quadratic nonlinearity in two space dimensions,” Math. Z. 222, 341–362 (1996)10.1007/BF02621870; “Remarks on the Klein-Gordon equation with quadratic nonlinearity in two space dimensions,” in Nonlinear Waves, Gakuto International Series: Mathematical Sciences and Applications Vol. 10 (Gakkotosho, Tokyo, 1997), pp. 383–392,] we show that such smooth solutions exist for radially symmetric flows.
ImageSchemaNet: A framester graph for embodied commonsense knowledge

Commonsense knowledge is a broad and challenging area of research which investigates our understanding of the world as well as human assumptions about reality. Deriving directly from the subjective perception of the external world, it is intrinsically intertwined with embodied cognition. Commonsense reasoning is linked to human sense-making, pattern recognition and knowledge framing abilities. This work presents a new resource that formalizes the cognitive theory of image schemas. Image schemas are dynamic conceptual building blocks originating from our sensorimotor interactions with the physical world, and enable our sense-making cognitive activity to assign coherence and structure to entities, events and situations we experience everyday. ImageSchemaNet is an ontology that aligns pre-existing resources, such as FrameNet, VerbNet, WordNet and MetaNet from the Framester hub, to image schema theory. This article describes an empirical application of ImageSchemaNet, combined with semantic parsers, on the task of annotating natural language sentences with image schemas.
Reinforcement Learning Control for a 2-DOF Helicopter With State Constraints: Theory and Experiments

This study focuses on the novel reinforcement learning control strategy of a nonlinear two-degrees-of-freedom (2-DOF) helicopter system for tracking the desired trajectory while minimizing the tracking error. First, gradient descent algorithm is incorporated in the context of the reinforcement learning control scheme to obtain the adaptive laws. Subsequently, considering the uncertainties in the nonlinear system, radial basis function (RBF) neural networks (NNs) are exploited to approximate the unknown internal dynamics. In contrast to the previous studies, aiming at accelerating the convergence in reinforcement learning control, a barrier Lyapunov function is constructed to constrain the states to ensure that the tracking error rapidly converges to a neighborhood of zero. Under the proposed control strategy, the states of the closed-loop system are proven to be semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded through rigorous Lyapunov analyses, and the state constraints are satisfied. Furthermore, the simulations and experiments conducted on a Quanser laboratory platform reveal that the proposed control functions are suitable and effective. Note to Practitioners—This paper is motivated by designing a reinforcement learning control strategy to enhance online learning capability and control performance of the controller for a nonlinear 2-DOF helicopter system. The control framework is divided into the design of the critic and actor NNs, responsible primarily for evaluating the control performance and approximating uncertainties in the system separately. Unlike the adaptive NN control, the actor NN weights are updated by combining information of states and inputs from the critic NN. In addition, aiming at accelerating the convergence, a barrier Lyapunov function is constructed to constrain the states to ensure that the tracking error rapidly converges to a neighborhood of zero. Finally, the proposed control strategy is validated in simulation and experiment on the Quanser laboratory platform.
Perencanaan Sistem Pengelolaan Persampahan Kawasan Wisata Budaya Nagari Koto Gadang, Sumatra Barat

Pengelolaan sampah Nagari Koto Gadang masih menerapkan paradigma lama, yakni kumpul-angkut-buang atau bakar serta belum sesuai dengan Permen PUPR 3/2013. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan sistem pengelolaan persampahan Nagari Koto Gadang dan diharapkan dapat dijadikan acuan oleh pemerintah setempat dalam pengelolaan sampah. Perencanaan dilakukan selama 10 tahun yang dibagi menjadi dua tahap. Nagari Koto Gadang memiliki timbulan sampah sebesar 4,34 m3/hari dengan potensi daur ulang layak kompos sebesar 66,99% dan daur ulang 6,99% dari total sampah. Sistem pengelolaan sampah mencakup sistem pemilahan, pewadahan, pengumpulan, pengolahan, dan pengangkutan ke TPA. Sistem pewadahan yang dirancang adalah pewadahan terpilah untuk sampah layak kompos, daur ulang, dan residu. Sampah dikumpulkan menggunakan becak motor dengan sistem door to door. Sampah layak kompos kemudian diolah di TPS 3R dengan metode Takakura Susun, sampah daur ulang dikemas untuk dijual ke pengepul, limbah B3 diserahkan ke pihak ketiga, sampah residu sebagian diubah menjadi ekobrik dan sebagian diangkut ke TPA. Dana yang dibutuhkan untuk investasi perencanaan ini terdiri dari biaya pengadaan kontainer, becak motor, dan pengadaan peralatan pengomposan sebesar Rp. 45.255. 000,-.
On the reductive monoid associated to a parabolic subgroup

Let $G$ be a connected reductive group over a perfect field $k$. We study a certain normal reductive monoid $\overline M$ associated to a parabolic $k$-subgroup $P$ of $G$. The group of units of $\overline M$ is the Levi factor $M$ of $P$. We show that $\overline M$ is a retract of the affine closure of the quasi-affine variety $G/U(P)$. Fixing a parabolic $P^-$ opposite to $P$, we prove that the affine closure of $G/U(P)$ is a retract of the affine closure of the boundary degeneration $(G \times G)/(P \times_M P^-)$. Using idempotents, we relate $\overline M$ to the Vinberg semigroup of $G$. The monoid $\overline M$ is used implicitly in the study of stratifications of Drinfeld's compactifications of the moduli stacks $\mathrm{Bun}_P$ and $\mathrm{Bun}_G$.
Exact separation phenomenon for the eigenvalues of large Information-Plus-Noise type matrices. Application to spiked models

We consider large Information-Plus-Noise type matrices of the form $M_N=(\sigma \frac{X_N}{\sqrt{N}}+A_N)(\sigma \frac{X_N}{\sqrt{N}}+A_N)^*$ where $X_N$ is an $n \times N$ ($n\leq N)$ matrix consisting of independent standardized complex entries, $A_N$ is an $n \times N$ nonrandom matrix and $\sigma>0$. As $N$ tends to infinity, if $n/N \rightarrow c\in ]0,1]$ and if the empirical spectral measure of $A_N A_N^*$ converges weakly to some compactly supported probability distribution $\nu \neq \delta_0$, Dozier and Silverstein established that almost surely the empirical spectral measure of $M_N$ converges weakly towards a nonrandom distribution $\mu_{\sigma,\nu,c}$. Bai and Silverstein proved, under certain assumptions on the model, that for some closed interval in $]0;+\infty[$ outside the support of $\mu_{\sigma,\nu,c}$ satisfying some conditions involving $A_N$, almost surely, no eigenvalues of $M_N$ will appear in this interval for all $N$ large. In this paper, we carry on with the study of the support of the limiting spectral measure previously investigated by Dozier and Silverstein and later by Vallet, Loubaton and Mestre and Loubaton and P. Vallet, and we show that, under almost the same assumptions as Bai and Silvertein, there is an exact separation phenomenon between the spectrum of $M_N$ and the spectrum of $A_NA_N^*$: to a gap in the spectrum of $M_N$ pointed out by Bai and Silverstein, it corresponds a gap in the spectrum of $A_NA_N^*$ which splits the spectrum of $A_NA_N^*$ exactly as that of $M_N$. We use the previous results to characterize the outliers of spiked Information-Plus-Noise type models.
Application of a Complex Network Modeling Approach to Explore the Material Basis and Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Case Study of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction for the Treatment of Two Types of Angina Pectoris

The complex processes of action of Chinese medicines and their formulations can be studied in terms of complex heterogeneous networks, however multiple diseases are different from one disease. In this study, we proposed a graph neural network-based modelling strategy to explore the material basis and mechanisms of the formulae under multiple disease conditions, exemplified by Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction for stable angina pectoris and unstable angina pectoris. Our modelling approach consists of two parts, a feature part and a model part. In the feature part, we calculated four similarities and their combinations in the similarity network as features of nodes of the heterogeneous network, using a variety of algorithms. In the model part, both the multi-label classification model for compounds and the link prediction model for compounds-targets were performed in six model comparison experiments and four partial ablation experiments. We confirmed that the GraphSAGE-based model was the best performing multi-label classification model while the GAT-based model was the best performing link prediction model, and that the full model with various similarity contents was optimal. Good generalization ability of the model was demonstrated through generalization ability experiments. In the case study, the model was used to predict potential compound-target interactions for marker targets and the reliability of the predictions was demonstrated by molecular docking and literature mining. In conclusion, the model successfully predicted the known material basis and mechanisms and also predicted unknown compound-marker target interactions. The proposed modelling approach can be extended to the study of other formulations.
Circularly Polarized Corporate-Feed Beam-Scanning Array With Low Profile

A low-cost low-profile circularly polarized (CP) corporate-feed beam-scanning array is presented. As the main part of the feed network, we found that the sidewall reflection of the parallel plate waveguide (PPW) is the major reason for the deterioration of the beam-scanning performance at large angles. Therefore, a hybrid feed network composed of PPW and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed. Mechanical beam-scanning is realized by a planar parabolic reflector-based line source generator (LSG). To expand the beam-scanning range, an SIW delay line-based phase compensation structure is introduced after theoretically analyzing the phase deviation generated by the LSG. The CP radiation is realized by improved CP antenna elements with a wide 3 dB axial ratio (AR) beamwidth. These CP antenna elements are fed by a corporate-fed network to avoid the frequency-dependent squint beam. A K-band prototype of an $8\times14$ array is fabricated and measured to verify the design. According to the measured results, the beam-scanning range of 0°–51° in elevation with the peak gain of 22.3 dBi is realized. The gain variation and ARs in this scanning range are less than 2.9 and 2.5 dB, respectively.
A Kernel Method for CT Reconstruction: a Fast Implementation using Circulant Matrices

Modern tomography involves gathering projection data from multiple directions and feeding them into a software algorithm for tomographic reconstruction. We focus our study on image reconstruction from Radon data in the setting of Computerized Tomography (CT), a non-invasive medical procedure that uses an X-rays equipment to produce cross-sectional images of the body. The detectors of the machine measure the X-ray projections through the sample, producing a so-called sinogram, which is actually the Radon transform of the attenuation coefficient. We provide a kernel-based reconstruction algorithm adapted to these kind of data, i.e. the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). The novel idea of this work is to reduce the complexity of the ART, through a faster implementation of the matrix-vector product, based on the storage of the involved matrix as a circulant matrix. We provide numerical results for both artificially generated (phantom data) and real data. The aim is to study the behaviour of the method with respect to its image reconstruction accuracy and its computational efficiency. In addition, we try to solve the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency and the one between accuracy and numerical stability.
Trends to equilibrium for a class of relativistic diffusions

A large class C of relativistic diffusions with values in the phase-space of special relativity was introduced by Angst and Franchi [J. Math. Phys. 48(8), 083101 (2007)] in order to answer some open questions concerning the asymptotic behavior of two examples of such processes. In particular, the equilibrium measures of these diffusions were explicitly computed, and their hydrodynamic limit was shown to be Brownian. In this paper, we address the question of the trends to equilibrium of the momentum component of the diffusions of the whole class C. We show the existence of a spectral gap using the Lyapounov method and deduce the exponential decay of the distance to equilibrium in L2−norm and in total variation. A similar result was obtained recently by Calogero [e-print arXiv:1009.5086v2] for a particular process of the class C.
NGO's and Donors' Funding: Evidence from Uganda

We develop a screening model to analyse the funding allocation criteria of institutional donors towards NGOs. The model shows that when donors care about efficiency, they screen NGOs and concentrate their funding on those that comply. Combining two waves, 2002 and 2008, of a unique survey data set of 412 NGOs in Uganda we show that local donors do not implement efficiency selectivity criteria but focus on the geographic location of the NGO and the manager's network. International donors, instead, follow efficiency proxies of both the NGO and the manager, including the manager's level of education, the appointment procedure, and external feedback on community needs. From focus group interviews with beneficiaries it appears they too reward efficiency proxies and show a higher appreciation for those NGOs funded predominantly by international donors.
Liouville theorems for stable solutions of symmetric systems on Riemannian manifolds

We examine stable solutions of the following symmetric system on a complete, connected, smooth Riemannian manifold $\mathbb{M}$ without boundary, \begin{equation*} -\Delta_g u_i = H_i(u) \end{equation*} where $\Delta_g$ stands for the Laplace-Beltrami operator and $H_i\in C^1(\mathbb R^m) \to \mathbb R$. This system is called symmetric if the matrix of partial derivatives of all components of $H$, that is $\mathcal H(u)=(\partial_j H_i(u))_{i,j=1}^m$, is symmetric. We prove a stability inequality and a Poincar\'{e} type inequality for stable solutions. Then, we apply these inequalities to establish Liouville theorems and flatness of level sets for stable solutions of the above symmetric system, under certain assumptions on the manifold and on solutions.
The DUNE-DPG library for solving PDEs with Discontinuous Petrov--Galerkin finite elements

In the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs), a central question is the one of building variational formulations that are inf-sup stable not only at the infinite-dimensional level, but also at the finite-dimensional one. This guarantees that residuals can be used to tightly bound errors from below and above and is crucial for a posteriori error control and the development of adaptive strategies. In this framework, the so-called Discontinuous Petrov--Galerkin (DPG) concept can be viewed as a systematic strategy of contriving variational formulations which possess these desirable stability properties, see e. g. Broersen et al. [2015]. In this paper, we present a C++ library, Dune-DPG, which serves to implement and solve such variational formulations. The library is built upon the multipurpose finite element package Dune (see Blatt et al. [2016]). One of the main features of Dune-DPG is its flexibility which is achieved by a highly modular structure. The library can solve in practice some important classes of PDEs (whose range goes beyond classical second order elliptic problems and includes e. g. transport dominated problems). As a result, Dune-DPG can also be used to address other problems like optimal control with the DPG approach.
Relaxation for an optimal design problem with linear growth and perimeter penalization

This paper is devoted to the relaxation and integral representation in the space of functions of bounded variation for an integral energy arising from optimal design problems. The presence of a perimeter penalization is also considered in order to avoid non-existence of admissible solutions and, in addition, this leads to an interaction in the limit energy. More general models have also been taken into account.
Tail Asymptotics of Deflated Risks

Random deflated risk models have been considered in recent literatures. In this paper, we investigate second-order tail behavior of the deflated risk X=RS under the assumptions of second-order regular variation on the survival functions of the risk R and the deflator S. Our findings are applied to approximation of Value at Risk, estimation of small tail probability under random deflation and tail asymptotics of aggregated deflated risk