Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A semi-learning algorithm for noise rejection: an fNIRS study on ADHD children

In pediatrics studies, the quality of functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals is often reduced by motion artifacts. These artifacts likely mislead brain functionality analysis, causing false discoveries. While noise correction methods and their performance have been investigated, these methods require several parameter assumptions that apparently result in noise overfitting. In contrast, the rejection of noisy signals serves as a preferable method because it maintains the originality of the signal waveform. Here, we describe a semi-learning algorithm to detect and eliminate noisy signals. The algorithm dynamically adjusts noise detection according to the predetermined noise criteria, which are spikes, unusual activation values (averaged amplitude signals within the brain activation period), and high activation variances (among trials). Criteria were sequentially organized in the algorithm and orderly assessed signals based on each criterion. By initially setting an acceptable rejection rate, particular criteria causing excessive data rejections are neglected, whereas others with tolerable rejections practically eliminate noises. fNIRS data measured during the attention response paradigm (oddball task) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were utilized to evaluate and optimize the algorithm’s performance. This algorithm successfully substituted the visual noise identification done in the previous studies and consistently found significantly lower activation of the right prefrontal and parietal cortices in ADHD patients than in typical developing children. Thus, we conclude that the semi-learning algorithm confers more objective and standardized judgment for noise rejection and presents a promising alternative to visual noise rejection
Hadron Spectroscopy with CLAS and CLAS12

The CLAS detector completed a highly successful data-taking lifetime in 2012. The mass range accessible with the CEBAF 6 GeV electron beam and the large solid angle of the detector made it the premier facility for studying baryon resonances. The analysis of a great number of final states with differing polarization states is underway and will lead to a greater understanding of the existing nucleon resonances. In the meantime, preparation for an upgraded detector, CLAS12, is progressing. With commissioning due to start in 2016 with a 11 GeV electron beam CLAS12 will kinematically favour the study of mesons. In particular, it will look to resolve outstanding questions as to the make-up of mesonic states in terms of hybrid states with gluonic constituents; states of pure glue; or tetraquark/molecular configurations.
A theranostic platform for localized magnetic fluid hyperthermia and magnetic particle imaging

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a promising avenue for noninvasive or minimally invasive therapies including tissue ablation, hyperthermia, and drug delivery. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising new medical imaging modality with wide-ranging applications including angiography, cell tracking, and cancer imaging. MFH and MPI are kindred technologies leveraging the same physics: Both MFH and MPI function by exciting iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles with AC magnetic fields. In this manuscript, we show that this can be leveraged for combined MPI-MFH. The gradient fields employed in MPI can benefit MFH by providing high resolution targeting anywhere in the body, and a dual system provides opportunities for real-time diagnostic imaging feedback. Here we experimentally quantify the spatial localization of MFH using MPI gradient fields with a custom MPI-MFH system, demonstrating approximately 3 mm heating resolution in phantoms. We show an ability to precisely target phantom components as desired and provide heating of approximately 150 W g-1. We also show preliminary simultaneous MPI-MFH data.
Arsenic, Selenium, Zinc, Copper, Hormonal changes, and oxidative stress in AL-Basra and Missan provinces patients with prostate tumors

Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), were investigated in both AL-Basra and Missan provinces–Iraq. The study provides data relating serum selenium (Se), arsenic(As), zinc(Zn), and copper(Cu) levels to activity ofGlutathione–S– transferase (GST), Malondialdehyde (MDA); and prostate specific antigen (PSA) . sixty patients (30 patientswith BPH mean age 56.40 ± 9.74 years and 30 patients with PCa mean age 57.55 ± 9.15 years) and thirty healthy controlsmean age (54.150 ± 7.856) years were participated in the study. The results revealed a highly significant difference (P<0.001)in MDA, PSA, and Se levels; significant different in GST, Zn, and Cu/Zn ratio levels. No statistical significant difference wasfound in mean age, As, Cu, and E2 in BPH as compared to control group. Also, there was no statistical significant differencein mean age, and E2 level in PCa patients when compared to control group, while there was a highly significant difference(p<0.001) in MDA, PSA, GST, Se, As, Zn, and Cu/Zn ratio levels; and significant difference in Cu and testosterone levels weredetected in PCa patients as compared to control group. Correlations studies indicated a significant correlation between MDAand ) PSA, GST, Se, As ,Zn ,Cu, Cu/Zn, Testosterone, and E2) in BPH and PCa patients. In conclusion, trace elements whichused in this study (Zn, As, Se, and Cu) can be used as a bioindicator for prostate illness. Serum MDA may be considered amarker for predicting prostate cancer as a compliment to PSA.
Motif-based embedding for graph clustering

Community detection in complex networks is a fundamental problem that has been extensively studied owing to its wide range of applications. However, because community detection methods typically rely on the relations between vertices in networks, they may fail to discover higher-order graph substructures, called the network motifs. In this paper, we propose a novel embedding method for graph clustering that considers higher-order relationships involving multiple vertices. We show that our embedding method, which we call motif-based embedding, is more effective in detecting communities than existing graph embedding methods, spectral embedding and force-directed embedding, both theoretically and experimentally.
AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu L.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE STABILITAS MEMBRAN RED BLOOD CELL (RBCs) (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF ARECA (Areca catechu L.) FRUIT SEED EXTRACTS USING RED BLOOD CELL (RBCs) MEMBRANE STABILITY METHOD)

Areca catechu L. belongs to the Arecaceae which has been widely developed as a raw material for cosmetics industries. Areca nut contains many bioactive compounds, one of which is anti-inflammatory. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of betel nut extract was tested using the Red Blood Cell membrane stability method. The results of phytochemical screening showed that areca nut contains flavonoid compounds. Partitioning was carried out with n-hexane, dichloromethane solvents. Partition results obtained fraction of n-hexane 1.442 g with a yield of 5.546%; fraction of dichloromethane 5.831 g with a yield of 22.427%; fraction of ethyl acetate 0.470 g with a yield of 1.807%; and fraction of methanol was 3.432 g with a yield of 13.200%. The results of the anti-inflammatory activity test showed that the highest percent value of hemolysis inhibition was in the 100 g/mL concentration of methanol extract, which was 77.693% compared to the partitioned fractions such as the n-hexane fraction 10.215%; dichloromethane fraction 75.713%; ethyl acetate fraction 73.218% and methanol fraction 48.130%. This value can be said to be good if it approaches or exceeds the positive control of diclofenac sodium, which is 89.613%. The data from this study showed that methanol extract, fraction dichloromethane and fraction ethyl acetate had the best potential as an anti-inflammatory because the percentage of hemolysis was close to positive control
Gray whale detection in satellite imagery using deep learning

The combination of very high resolution (VHR) satellite remote sensing imagery and deep learning via convolutional neural networks provides opportunities to improve global whale population surveys through increasing efficiency and spatial coverage. Many whale species are recovering from commercial whaling and face multiple anthropogenic threats. Regular, accurate population surveys are therefore of high importance for conservation efforts. In this study, a state‐of‐the‐art object detection model (YOLOv5) was trained to detect gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in VHR satellite images, using training data derived from satellite images spanning different sea states in a key breeding habitat, as well as aerial imagery collected by unoccupied aircraft systems. Varying combinations of aerial and satellite imagery were incorporated into the training set. Mean average precision, whale precision, and recall ranged from 0.823 to 0.922, 0.800 to 0.939, and 0.843 to 0.889, respectively, across eight experiments. The results imply that including aerial imagery in the training data did not substantially impact model performance, and therefore, expansion of representative satellite datasets should be prioritized. The accuracy of the results on real‐world data, along with short training times, indicates the potential of using this method to automate whale detection for population surveys.
Feasibility Study for a First Observation of Coherent Neutrino Nucleus Scattering Using Low-Temperature Detectors.

Coherent neutrino nucleus scattering (CNNS) has so far not been observed experimentally. In the present work the feasibility of a first observation of CNNS using low-temperature detectors is studied. A measured background spectrum is compared to simulated spectra of different background sources. The measurements were performed using a sapphire-based low-temperature detector. Furthermore, the calculated count rates and recoil-energy spectra of different neutrino sources are shown. As a result of the measurements, simulations, and calculations a first observation of CNNS is possible using sapphire-based low-temperature detectors and nuclear reactors as neutrino sources. In addition, the investigation of physics beyond the standard model is studied. Due to their calculated count rates atmospheric and also solar neutrinos can constitute an ultimate background source for direct dark matter searches.
Generation of synthetic Kinect depth images based on empirical noise model

The development, training and evaluation of computer vision algorithms rely on the availability of a large number of images. The acquisition of these images can be time-consuming if they are recorded using real sensors. An alternative is to rely on synthetic images which can be rapidly generated. This Letter describes a novel method for the simulation of Kinect v1 depth images. The method is based on an existing empirical noise model from the literature. The authors show that their relatively simple method is able to provide depth images which have a high similarity with real depth images.
Poor man's parafermions in a lattice model with even multiplet pairing

We discuss a one-dimensional fermionic model with a generalized $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ even multiplet pairing extending Kitaev $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ chain. The system shares many features with models believed to host localized edge parafermions, the most prominent being a similar bosonized Hamiltonian and a $\mathbb{Z}_{N}$ symmetry enforcing an $N$-fold degenerate ground state robust to certain disorder. Interestingly, we show that the system supports a pair of parafermions but they are non-local instead of being boundary operators. As a result, the degeneracy of the ground state is only partly topological and coexists with spontaneous symmetry breaking by a (two-particle) pairing field. Each symmetry-breaking sector is shown to possess a pair of Majorana edge modes encoding the topological twofold degeneracy.
Whither Leadership, Whither Extension?

Management and leadership in Extension have long been discussed. Leadership within Extension may not have evolved at the same rate as current issues. The current approach may not ensure success in future years. A new perspective on the current leadership approaches may be overdue. Leadership needs to go hand in hand with management, but one without the other rarely results in success. Weak or absent leadership forces the void to be filled by multiple individuals, leading to a lack of organizational cohesion. Worse yet, a dysfunctional organization may result. Many may have already recognized this and are leading from within.
Pedagogical implications of a blended learning model at Temouchent University

With the expansion of technology and the rapid spread of Internet use around the world, the supply and demand for education have shifted. In some cases, demographic changes have led to population increases, posing challenges to higher education in terms of demand and supply of education, especially given the global challenges of Covid19. Higher education institutions are researching and adopting pedagogical approaches to meet the changing needs of education in response to various challenges, especially with Covid19. E-learning is one of these modes. This work aims to explore the effectiveness of this new model (mixed education) in English language departments, in particular for third-Year students. It explores the pedagogical issues of e-learning in education for development thus it offers a descriptive study between face-to-face and distance education, which highlights the characteristics and difficulties encountered by EFL Learners. As a result of the study, students found obstacles that hinder course continuity, and they are detailed in the study. Keywords: Blended learning; EFL Learners; higher education; students’ achievement.
Developing The Professional Performance Of Kindergarten Managers In Accordance To Egypt's Vision 2030

The aim of the research is to prepare a training program in the light of Egypt's Vision 2030, and to identify the effectiveness of the program in developing the professional performance of kindergarten managers in the Arab Republic of Egypt by giving kindergarten managers some 0,2 web skills, and the research sample consisted of (30) kindergarten supervisors from the West Tanta educational administration kindergartens, ranging in age from (35-50), and the research was from one experimental group(before / after), the research used the semi-experimental method, and the researcher used the professional performance scale in light of the vision of Egypt 2030 (preparation of the researcher), and a cognitive achievement test for the program units consisting of 50 questions(multiple choice), and the researcher analyzed the data statistically using the package Statistical analysis (SPSS, V28), and the results showed the effectiveness of the program in achieving the goal for which it was created, since it: Practical training on digital leadership is a proposed program to enhance the digital education environment in kindergartens in the Arab Republic of Egypt. We hope to work with governments, educational institutions, teachers and civil society organizations to assess the competencies of digital education, provide training opportunities for managers to help them build digital education skills for Lifelong Learning, and we will work to develop leaders who can effectively use ICT and influence others around them through some applications(Web2. 0), support sustainable development in light of Egypt's Vision 2030, and activate the text of the Egyptian constitution of Article (25), which states that " the state is committed to a comprehensive plan To eliminate spelling and digital illiteracy among citizens of all ages, and is committed to developing mechanisms for its implementation with the participation of civil society institutions according to a specific time plan
Factoring in the Correct Answers Ratio in a Psycho-Educational Program

Introduction: Various prevention programs fall short when it comes to practical application of learned skills. Students should be able to grasp and easily apply these skills in real life. Our psycho-educational program uses familiar conflict scenarios, where students are encouraged to answer assertively. Many students’ high/low correct answers ratio varies with the scenarios. We believe the correct answers ratio shed some light on difficulties faced in real life or understanding of students in the scenarios. This study focuses on the correct answers ratio, examines the scenario’s factors through a high/low ratio, and gives suggestions on developing an effective program. Method: Participants were junior high school students (n = 697). Seven bully-related scenarios were used. Results: Two of the seven scenarios, “Your funny-face picture was uploaded to a friend’s blog without your permission. ” and “An e-mail in which you spoke ill of others was sent to other classmates without your permission” had the lowest correct answers ratio (37.5% and 26.9%, respectively). Many of the wrong answers showed direct signs of aggression. The correct answer ratio was significantly low compared with the other five scenarios (χ 2 ＝ 77.4, p < .01 and χ 2 ＝ 46.8, p < .01, respectively). The highest correct answers ratio was 84.3%. The scenario had minimal harm (emotional or otherwise). Students appear to be more uncontrollable when the harm is greater, because of the stronger students’ aggression, and as a result, their answers are not assertive. The correct answers ratio suggests that the timing and manner in which each scenario is presented should be carefully considered.
Formation of highly oxygenated organic molecules from the oxidation of limonene by OH radical: significant contribution of H-abstraction pathway

Abstract. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) play a pivotal role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Therefore, the distribution and yields of HOMs are fundamental to understand their fate and chemical evolution in the atmosphere, and it is conducive to ultimately assess the impact of SOA on air quality and climate change. In this study, gas-phase HOMs formed from the reaction of limonene with OH radicals in photooxidation were investigated with SAPHIR (Simulation of Atmospheric PHotochemistry In a large Reaction chamber), using a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer with nitrate reagent ion (NO3--CIMS). A large number of HOMs, including monomers (C9–10) and dimers (C17–20), were detected and classified into various families. Both closed-shell products and open-shell peroxy radicals (RO2) were identified under low NO (0.06–0.1 ppb) and high NO conditions (17 ppb). C10 monomers are the most abundant HOM products and account for over 80 % total HOMs. Closed-shell C10 monomers were formed from a two peroxy radical family, C10H15Ox⚫ (x=6–15) and C10H17Ox⚫ (x=6–15), and their respective termination reactions with NO, RO2, and HO2. While C10H17Ox⚫ is likely formed by OH addition to C10H16, the dominant initial step of limonene plus OH, C10H15Ox⚫, is likely formed via H abstraction by OH. C10H15Ox⚫ and related products contributed 41 % and 42 % of C10 HOMs at low and high NO, demonstrating that the H-abstraction pathways play a significant role in HOM formation in the reaction of limonene plus OH. Combining theoretical kinetic calculations, structure–activity relationships (SARs), data from the literature, and the observed RO2 intensities, we proposed tentative mechanisms of HOM formation from both pathways. We further estimated the molar yields of HOMs to be 1.97-1.06+2.52 % and 0.29-0.16+0.38 % at low and high NO, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of H abstraction by OH and provides the yield and tentative pathways in the OH oxidation of limonene to simulate the HOM formation and assess the role of HOMs in SOA formation.
Optimal return shipping insurance policy with consumers' anticipated regret

We study return shipping insurance (RSI) policies prevalent on platforms such as JD.com and Taobao.com. Retailers on those platforms can purchase and provide RSI for consumers (RRSI) or offer an option for consumers to buy RSI themselves (CRSI). With either RSI, consumers will be partially compensated by an insurer for their shipping fees associated with product returns. As the consumers' uncertainty about product fit is realized only after purchase, their decisions whether to purchase CRSI may lead to postpurchase regret. Considering these anticipated regret behaviors, we investigate the optimal RSI policy for a monopolistic online retailer and an insurer. We show that the retailer offers RRSI only if the retailer's return handling cost is relatively low and consumers' return shipping cost is in an intermediate range; otherwise, the consumers' strong propensity for uninsured regret may stimulate them to purchase CRSI. Under the optimal RRSI policy, the retailer always charges a higher product price than under no RSI, and surprisingly the consumer demand could expand. In contrast, under the optimal CRSI policy, the retailer always sets a lower product price, but resulting in consumer demand shrinkage. Counterintuitively, CRSI may become a “win‐win‐win” policy for the retailer, insurer, and consumers.
Root and Leaf Anatomy, Ion Accumulation, and Transcriptome Pattern under Salt Stress Conditions in Contrasting Genotypes of Sorghum bicolor

Roots from salt-susceptible ICSR-56 (SS) sorghum plants display metaxylem elements with thin cell walls and large diameter. On the other hand, roots with thick, lignified cell walls in the hypodermis and endodermis were noticed in salt-tolerant CSV-15 (ST) sorghum plants. The secondary wall thickness and number of lignified cells in the hypodermis have increased with the treatment of sodium chloride stress to the plants (STN). Lignin distribution in the secondary cell wall of sclerenchymatous cells beneath the lower epidermis was higher in ST leaves compared to the SS genotype. Casparian thickenings with homogenous lignin distribution were observed in STN roots, but inhomogeneous distribution was evident in SS seedlings treated with sodium chloride (SSN). Higher accumulation of K+ and lower Na+ levels were noticed in ST compared to the SS genotype. To identify the differentially expressed genes among SS and ST genotypes, transcriptomic analysis was carried out. Both the genotypes were exposed to 200 mM sodium chloride stress for 24 h and used for analysis. We obtained 70 and 162 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exclusive to SS and SSN and 112 and 26 DEGs exclusive to ST and STN, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis unlocked the changes in metabolic pathways in response to salt stress. qRT-PCR was performed to validate 20 DEGs in each SSN and STN sample, which confirms the transcriptomic results. These results surmise that anatomical changes and higher K+/Na+ ratios are essential for mitigating salt stress in sorghum apart from the genes that are differentially up- and downregulated in contrasting genotypes.