Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyses on the physio－psychological state of the expeditioners in Antarctica

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Periodicity of non-autonomous inertial neural networks involving proportional delays and non-reduced order method

This paper, mainly explores a class of non-autonomous inertial neural networks with proportional delays and time-varying coefficients. By combining Lyapunov function method with differential inequality approach, non-reduced order method is used to establish some novel assertions on the existence and generalized exponential stability of periodic solutions for the addressed model. In addition, an example and its numerical simulations are given to support the proposed approach.
The influence of age on reproductive performance of the predatory ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta

Abstract The influence of age on reproductive performance of an aphidophagous ladybird beetle, Propylea dissecta was examined using male and female beetles of varying ages (1–30 days) after a single mating stimulus. All the intermediate (10 to 20 days old) and old (30 days old) age females mated with all intermediate and old age males, while only a fraction (0.29%) of younger females, 1 to 5 days old, mated with males of similar or older age. The willingness to mate was male age dependent. It increased sigmoidally with increase in adult age. Adult males were more willing to mate with females irrespective of age. Mating duration was longest amongst older adults (30 day-old males and 20 day-old females). Male age did not contribute to shaping the fecundity of the female ladybird. Fecundity was female age dependent and it increased with age up to 20 days and thereafter decreased. 20 day-old females were most fecund producing 867 eggs after a single mating. Progeny production was male age dependent and eggs sired by 20–30 day-old males had significantly higher viability than those sired by younger males. Prolonged mating increased fecundity and egg viability. The results reveal that males of intermediate age were better mates. This information may improve our understanding of the effect of aging on reproduction in ladybirds and may help mass-multiplication of the ladybird beetles using adults of optimal age.
Imagery Rescripting Versus Extinction: Distinct and Combined Effects on Expectancy and Revaluation Learning

Anxiety disorders are effectively treated with exposure therapy, but relapse remains high. Fear may reinstate after reoccurrence of the negative event because the expectancy of the aversive outcome (unconditioned stimulus [US]) is adjusted but not its evaluation. Imagery rescripting (ImRs) is an intervention that is proposed to work through revaluation of the US. The aim of our preregistered study was to test the effects of ImRs and extinction on US expectancy and US revaluation. Day 1 (n = 106) consisted of acquisition with an aversive film clip as US. The manipulation (ImRs + extinction, extinction-only, or ImRs-only) took place on Day 2. Reinstatement of fear was tested on Day 3. Results showed expectancy learning in both extinction conditions but not in the ImRs-only condition and no enhanced revaluation learning in ImRs. The combination of ImRs and extinction slowed down extinction but did not protect against reinstatement, which pleads in favor of stand-alone interventions in clinical practice.
Analysis and interpretation of visual scenes through collaborative approaches

During the last years, we have witnessed a great increase in the size of digital video collections. Efficient searching and browsing through such collections requires an indexing according to various meaningful terms, bringing us to the focus of this thesis, the automatic semantic indexing of videos. Within this topic, the Bag of Words (BoW) model, often employing SIFT or SURF features, has shown good performance especially on static images. As our first contribution, we propose to improve the results of SIFT/SURF BoW descriptors on videos by pre-processing the videos with a model of the human retina, thereby making these descriptors more robust to video degradations and sensitivite to spatio-temporal information. Our second contribution is a set of BoW descriptors based on trajectories. These give additional motion information, leading to a richer description of the video. Our third contribution, motivated by the availability of complementary descriptors, is a late fusion approach that automatically determines how to combine a large set of descriptors, giving a high increase in the average precision of detected concepts. All the proposed approaches are validated on the TRECVid challenge datasets which focus on visual concept detection in very large and uncontrolled multimedia content.
The general circulation of the tropical atmosphere and interactions with extratropical latitudes

From the single question, "What is the physical origin of the biennial oscillation (the biennial change in wind direction from westerly to easterly) in the tropical stratosphere? " grew this study, the most extensive ever undertaken of the tropical atmosphere on a general circulation scale. It is based mainly on a worldwide sample of free air balloon data collected for the period 1957-1964, as well as classical surface observations. As Professor Newell explains in the preface, "We aimed for a relatively long period of record to ensure sampling several cycles of the biennial oscillation, and we tried to include all available data for the region 40 N to 40 S. It soon became clear, as we processed the data, that other items of interest could be investigated as well as the biennial oscillation. The semiannual oscillation in both troposphere and stratosphere, changes thought to be due to the Bali volcanic eruption of March 1963, the basic climatology of the tropics in terms of vertical motion and rainfall and their year-to-year changes, the genesis of hurricanes, the detailed time evolution of the Hadley cell circulation, . and many other items all proved of interest. "The first part of this study, which will shortly include a second volume, contains chapters on the sources, processing, and analysis of the data; mean temperature and wind fields; the angular momentum budget and the maintenance of the zonal wind; and seasonal variation of humidity parameters.Volume 2 will continue with chapters on radiative heating; the heat budget; atmospheric energy balance; cloudiness, precipitation, and vertical motion; annual, semiannual, and biennial oscillations and long-term changes including those brought about by volcanic effects; and large-scale wave disturbances in the tropical stratosphere. Throughout both volumes a set of over 250 climatological maps forms the basic presentation.
Difusión frontal de dopantes en células fotovoltaicas de contacto trasero

Optimization of the Front Surface Field (FSF) for IBC cells is important for passivation, lowering series resistance and reducing UV light degradation. This work presents results for optimizing the FSF diffusion from an industrial perspective, focusing on optimizing the process flow to achieve excellent FSF performance, whilst at the same time reducing the number of process steps. The ideal FSF profile is a compromise since a lightly doped deep diffusion reduces recombination losses close the cell surface where the light is captured, whilst increased doping reduces series resistance. This work investigates diffusing the FSF (1) at the beginning, (2) in the middle and (3) towards the end of the IBC process flow. The advantage of the first option is that the diffusion depth can be increased by subsequent thermal steps. However a diffusion barrier is required to protect the FSF throughout the subsequent processing, which increases the number of process steps and results in increased costs. By placing the FSF diffusion later in the process flow it is possible to simplify the process reducing the number of steps. Experimental results show excellent FSF diffusion passivation performance over 156mm, with lifetime values of over 500 μs. Simulations confirm that high current generation can be achieved with a short circuit current of around 39 mA cm.
A classification of $\mathbb R$-Fuchsian subgroups of Picard modular groups

Given an imaginary quadratic extension $K$ of $\mathbb Q$, we classify the maximal nonelementary subgroups of the Picard modular group $\operatorname{PU}(1,2;\mathcal O_K)$ preserving a totally real totally geodesic plane in the complex hyperbolic plane $\mathbb H^2_\mathbb C$. We prove that these maximal $\mathbb R$-Fuchsian subgroups are arithmetic, and describe the quaternion algebras from which they arise. For instance, if the radius $\Delta$ of the corresponding $\mathbb R$-circle lies in $\mathbb N-\{0\}$, then the stabilizer arises from the quaternion algebra $\Big(\! \begin{array}{c} \Delta\,,\, |D_K|\\\hline\mathbb Q\end{array} \! \Big)$. We thus prove the existence of infinitely many orbits of $K$-arithmetic $\mathbb R$-circles in the hypersphere of $\mathbb P_2(\mathbb C)$.
Evolution of Thermotolerance in Hot Spring Cyanobacteria of the Genus Synechococcus

ABSTRACT The extension of ecological tolerance limits may be an important mechanism by which microorganisms adapt to novel environments, but it may come at the evolutionary cost of reduced performance under ancestral conditions. We combined a comparative physiological approach with phylogenetic analyses to study the evolution of thermotolerance in hot spring cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus. Among the 20 laboratory clones of Synechococcus isolated from collections made along an Oregon hot spring thermal gradient, four different 16S rRNA gene sequences were identified. Phylogenies constructed by using the sequence data indicated that the clones were polyphyletic but that three of the four sequence groups formed a clade. Differences in thermotolerance were observed for clones with different 16S rRNA gene sequences, and comparison of these physiological differences within a phylogenetic framework provided evidence that more thermotolerant lineages of Synechococcus evolved from less thermotolerant ancestors. The extension of the thermal limit in these bacteria was correlated with a reduction in the breadth of the temperature range for growth, which provides evidence that enhanced thermotolerance has come at the evolutionary cost of increased thermal specialization. This study illustrates the utility of using phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate how evolutionary processes have shaped historical patterns of ecological diversification in microorganisms.
Examining the Impact of Parental Involvement in a Dual Language Program: Implications for Children and Schools - OLLAS Report No. 2

This study focuses on a dual language (Spanish-English) program in the Omaha Public Schools. Dual language programs are programs in which children develop proficiency in two languages simultaneously. These programs are currently seen as the gold standard second language education because of the large amount of empirical support they have received with respect to children’s academic gains. All of the dual language classrooms are comprised of half native English speakers and half Spanish speakers. Parental involvement has received much empirical attention with respect to traditional school programs; however, little is known about the role of parental involvement in dual language programs (Lindholm-Leary, 2001). Systematically studying dual language programs is an especially important area of investigation because of the latest census trends and because barriers to parental involvement for language minority children are likely to differ from those of language majority children. For a list of additional publications produced from this project, please visit the Faculty Publications page on the OLLAS website.
Previous version:

This document is version 1.1 of XHTML Modularization, an abstract modularization of XHTML and implementations of the abstraction using XML Document Type Definitions (DTDs) and XML Schemas. This modularization provides a means for subsetting and extending XHTML, a feature needed for extending XHTML’s reach onto emerging platforms. This specification is intended for 1 XHTMLTM Modularization 1.1 XHTMLTM Modularization 1.1
Ship Plumes: Impacts on atmospheric chemistry, climate and nutrient supply to the oceans

Emissions of gases and particles from ocean-going ships may have a major impact on both photochemistry of the marine boundary layer and the biogeochemistry of the surface ocean. Throughout large regions of the ocean, ship emissions of SO2 and sulfate aerosols greatly exceed the natural DMS-borne sulfur emissions. Ship emissions must, therefore, be taken into account in estimates of global climate forcing by sulfate aerosols (Activity 1.3 of the SOLAS Science and Implementation Plan). Ship emissions are also a significant source of atmospheric nitrogen, and the deposition of this nitrogen into marine ecosystems might affect marine productivity (Activity 1.5). Finally, ship emissions of gaseous hydrocarbons and carbonaceous aerosol particles may impact both gas phase photochemistry and aerosol radiative properties over the oceans. The effects of ship emissions on atmospheric photochemistry include the production of ozone in regions that are usually sinks for ozone and the pollution-induced release of reactive chlorine from sea salt (Activity 1.2). The photochemical and radiative impacts of ship emissions may persist considerably longer than the lifetime of the ship plume itself. Ship traffic has increased significantly in recent years and is projected to keep increasing. In the Arctic Ocean, which is a particularly sensitive region, new routes are becoming available for international shipping due to decreasing sea ice cover in summer. Open ocean ship emissions are currently largely unregulated and shipping often relies on very dirty fuels that cannot be used for land-based transport.
Using mRNAs lengths to accurately predict the alternatively spliced gene products in Caenorhabditis elegans

MOTIVATION Computational gene prediction methods are an important component of whole genome analyses. While ab initio gene finders have demonstrated major improvements in accuracy, the most reliable methods are evidence-based gene predictors. These algorithms can rely on several different sources of evidence including predictions from multiple ab initio gene finders, matches to known proteins, sequence conservation and partial cDNAs to predict the final product. Despite the success of these algorithms, prediction of complete gene structures, especially for alternatively spliced products, remains a difficult task. RESULTS LOCUS (Length Optimized Characterization of Unknown Spliceforms) is a new evidence-based gene finding algorithm which integrates a length-constraint into a dynamic programming-based framework for prediction of gene products. On a Caenorhabditis elegans test set of alternatively spliced internal exons, its performance exceeds that of current ab initio gene finders and in most cases can accurately predict the correct form of all the alternative products. As the length information used by the algorithm can be obtained in a high-throughput fashion, we propose that integration of such information into a gene-prediction pipeline is feasible and doing so may improve our ability to fully characterize the complete set of mRNAs for a genome. AVAILABILITY LOCUS is available from http://ural.wustl. edu/software.html
Cambios en los límites de distribución de especies arbóreas como consecuencia de las variaciones climáticas

Matias, L. (2012). Changes in the distribution limits of tree species as a consequence of climate variations. Ecosistemas 21(3):91-96. Doi. :10.7818/ECOS.2012. 21-3.12 Changes in climate registered during the last decades are affecting the distribution and population dynamics of plant species at a global scale, inducing changes in phenology, growth and biotic interactions. These alterations are expected to be most evident at species range edges, where they can result in range expansions or contractions. In this paper, I will review the last knowledge in the study of the population dynamics of tree species at their altitudinal and latitudinal range limits, and how their distribution might be affected by the alteration of the climatic pattern. In addition, I will analyse how climate change may induce indirect effects on plant populations through the alteration of biotic interactions, such as the modification of the intensity and distribution of pests, pathogens and herbivores.
Prognostic implications of myocardial injury around percutaneous coronary interventions

Background: Although infarct location may predict prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI), previous studies were too small to demonstrate whether this association is independent of enzymatic infarct size or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: A large scale, prospective, observational study was performed recording individual data from all patients who underwent primary PCI between 1991 and 2004. Stratified analyses were performed according to enzymatic infarct size. The independent association between infarct location and one-year outcome, was compared with the prognostic importance of enzymatic infarct size and LVEF. Results: Of 4990 patients, 2485 (49.8%) had an anterior infarction. Patients with anterior MI had a significantly larger enzymatic infarct size (peak CK 2960 vs 2009 U/l, p <0.001) and a lower mean LVEF (40.0% vs 50.0%, p <0.001). In all tertiles of enzymatic infarct size, patients with anterior MI had a lower LVEF. Mortality within one year was higher in patients with anterior infarction as well as in those with a high enzymatic infarct size or a low LVEF. Also, in all tertiles of enzymatic infarct size, patients with anterior infarction had a higher one-year mortality. After multivariable analyses, patients with anterior infarction still had an increased risk of a high enzymatic infarct size, a poor left ventricular function and also a higher one-year mortality, OR 1.35 (95%CI 1.07-1.70). However, low LVEF was a significant stronger predictor of one-year mortality, OR 4.4 (95%CI 2.4-7.8), compared to infarct size, OR 2.0 (95%CI 1.6-2.5) or anterior location, OR 1.6 (95%CI 1.3-2.0). Conclusion: After primary PCI,
Lossless Negative Refraction in An Active Dense Gas of Atoms

Current designs for negative index materials are passive, such that they suffer from significant losses that prohibit applications, in particular towards optical frequencies. We predict, based on nonlinear optical Bloch equations, negative refraction with zero absorption in an active, i.e., amplifying, dense gas of atoms. External laser fields are used to tune the medium's electromagnetic response and an additional weak pumping field controls its absorption properties. Metastable Neon is identified as a suitable experimental candidate at infrared frequencies to implement a lossless active negative index material.
Consequences of an Increase in Availability Due to an Eroded National Alcohol Policy: A Study of Changes in Consumption Patterns and Experienced Alcohol-Related Harm among 17- to 18-Year-Olds in Southern Sweden, 2003–2005

The national Swedish policy on alcohol has been eroded since the country joined the European Union (EU) in 1996, leading to a steep increase in the private import of alcohol. We investigate the impact on drinking patterns of the greater availability of alcohol among adolescents. Two cross-sectional data sets, collected in 2003 (n = 2,760) and 2005 (n = 2,031) in schools in southern Sweden, were used in the analyses. The proportion of students reporting that they often or always consumed imported alcohol increased 31% between 2003 and 2005. Comparing the data between the two samples revealed a significant decrease in binge drinking between the two surveys. The increased availability of alcohol among 17- to 18-year-olds in southern Sweden has led to a polarization of drinking patterns. Based on the results it may be suggested that alcohol consumption in the studied population may be independent of availability.
Carbon Balance and Management

Background: The Himalayan zones, with dense forest vegetation, cover a fifth part of India and store a third part of the country reserves of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the details of altitudinal distribution of these carbon stocks, which are vulnerable to forest management and climate change impacts, are not well known. Results: This article reports the results of measuring the stocks of SOC along altitudinal gradients. The study was carried out in the coniferous subtropical and broadleaf temperate forests of Garhwal Himalaya. The stocks of SOC were found to be decreasing with altitude: from 185.6 to 160.8 t C ha-1 and from 141.6 to 124.8 t C ha-1 in temperature (Quercus leucotrichophora) and subtropical (Pinus roxburghii) forests, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study lead to conclusion that the ability of soil to stabilize soil organic matter depends negatively on altitude and call for comprehensive theoretical explanation Background Soils are the largest carbon reservoirs of the terrestrial carbon cycle. About three times more carbon is contained in soils than in the world's vegetation and soils hold double the amount of carbon that is present in the atmosphere. Worldwide the first 30 cm of soil holds 1500 Pg carbon [1]; for India the figure is 9 Pg [2]. Soils play a key role in the global carbon budget and greenhouse effect [3]. Soils contain 3.5% of the earth's carbon reserves, compared with 1.7% in the atmosphere, 8.9% in fossil fuels, 1.0% in biota and 84.9% in the oceans [4]. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere steadily increases as a consequence of anthropogenic emissions, but there is a large interannual variability caused by terrestrial biosphere [5]. The first estimate of the organic carbon stock in Indian soils was 24.3 pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) based on 48 soil samples [6]. Forest soils are one of the major carbon sinks on earth, because of their higher organic matter content [7]. Soils can act as sinks or as a source for carbon in the atmosphere depending on the changes happening to soil organic matter. Equilibrium between the rate of decomposition and rate of supply of organic matter is disturbed when forests are cleared and land use is changed [8,9]. Soil organic matter can also increase or decrease depending on numerous factors, including climate, vegetation type, nutrient availability, disturbance, and land use and management practice [10,11]. Physical soil properties, such as soil structure, particle size, and composition, have Published: 25 August 2009 Carbon Balance and Management 2009, 4:6 doi:10.1186/1750-0680-4-6 Received: 30 December 2008 Accepted: 25 August 2009 This article is available from: http://www.cbmjournal. com/content/4/1/6 © 2009 Sheikh et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Nature tourism: managing for the environment.

Nature Tourism provides practical advice and models for planning and developing a nature tourism industry, evaluating economic benefits, and marketing nature tourism. Using examples of successful nature tourism programs in Kenya, Costa Rica, the United States, and elsewhere, the book examines the roles of government and the private sector, explores nature tourism's potential as a tool for developing countries, and outlines ways for local residents to get involved.