Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crop Landraces and Indigenous Varieties: A Valuable Source of Genes for Plant Breeding

Landraces and indigenous varieties comprise valuable sources of crop species diversity. Their utilization in plant breeding may lead to increased yield and enhanced quality traits, as well as resilience to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Recently, new approaches based on the rapid advancement of genomic technologies such as deciphering of pangenomes, multi-omics tools, marker-assisted selection (MAS), genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing greatly facilitated the exploitation of landraces in modern plant breeding. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of the implementation of new genomic technologies and highlight their importance in pinpointing the genetic basis of desirable traits in landraces and indigenous varieties of annual, perennial herbaceous, and woody crop species cultivated in the Mediterranean region. The need for further employment of advanced -omic technologies to unravel the full potential of landraces and indigenous varieties underutilized genetic diversity is also indicated. Ultimately, the large amount of genomic data emerging from the investigation of landraces and indigenous varieties reveals their potential as a source of valuable genes and traits for breeding. The role of landraces and indigenous varieties in mitigating the ongoing risks posed by climate change in agriculture and food security is also highlighted.
Construction and validation of a machine learning model for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis based on fecal microbiota

Purpose Human gut microbiota has been shown to be significantly associated with various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an excellent auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) based on fecal microbial biomarkers. Method The fecal metagenomic sequencing data associated with JIA were extracted from NCBI, and the sequencing data were transformed into the relative abundance of microorganisms by professional data cleaning (KneadData, Trimmomatic and Bowtie2) and comparison software (Kraken2 and Bracken). After that, the fecal microbes with high abundance were extracted for subsequent analysis. The extracted fecal microbes were further screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the selected fecal microbe biomarkers were used for model training. In this study, we constructed six different machine learning (ML) models, and then selected the best model for constructing a JIA diagnostic tool by comparing the performance of the models based on a combined consideration of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, F1 score, calibration curves and clinical decision curves. In addition, to further explain the model, Permutation Importance analysis and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were performed to understand the contribution of each biomarker in the prediction process. Result A total of 231 individuals were included in this study, including 203 JIA patients and Non-JIA individuals. In the analysis of diversity at the genus level, the alpha diversity represented by Shannon value was not significantly different between the two groups, while the belt diversity was slightly different. After selection by LASSO regression, 10 fecal microbe biomarkers were selected for model training. By comparing six different models, the XGB model showed the best performance, which average AUC, accuracy and F1 score were 0.976, 0.914 and 0.952, respectively, thus being used to construct the final JIA diagnosis model. Conclusion A JIA diagnosis model based on XGB algorithm was constructed with excellent performance, which may assist physicians in early detection of JIA patients and improve the prognosis of JIA patients.
Stepping Forward: Parliaments in the Fight Against Hate Speech

This brief provides an overview of the background, drivers, enablers and the impact of hate speech and identifies strategies to counter it, with a focus on the role of parliaments as a positive force for change. Of particular relevance are the concrete actions parliaments can take to address and mitigate the prevalence and impact of hate speech on those who are most vulnerable in society, including women, minorities and other underrepresented groups. The objective of this brief is to provide meaningful and practical guidance for parliaments and parliamentarians, as well as those who programmatically support them, on steps they can take to reduce and counter hate speech while fostering peace, constructive dialogue and trust.
Elucidating drivers of repurchase intention in the e-marketplace through the lens of online trust-building mechanisms

Indonesia has low e-commerce transactions despite high internet usage. This study examines the e-repurchase intention on Lazada Indonesia, an e-marketplace with declining traffic and sales. This study uses the perceived usefulness of institutional-based mechanisms, the perceived usefulness of seller-based mechanisms, and the perceived usefulness of experience-based mechanisms to examine how trust in the e-market and e-seller affect repurchase intention. This quantitative study includes 231 Lazada Indonesia customers from the past three months (the survey was conducted in January 2023). The data were statistically analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). 43.72% of the respondents shop one to three times a month, 42.42% – more than three times per month, and 13.85 – less than once per month. Trust in the e-marketplace increased when participants believed institutional-based processes were beneficial (with a beta value of 0.272 and a P value of 0.000) and seller-based mechanisms were valuable (with a beta value of 0.509 and a P value of 0.000). In terms of trust in the e-seller, only the perceived usefulness of seller-based mechanisms has a significant effect (with a beta value of 0.567 and a P value of 0.000), while the perceived usefulness of experience-based mechanisms has no effect. This study has also shown that e-seller trust significantly affects repurchase intention. Finally, with a beta value of -0.055 and a P value of 0.046, e-marketplace trust negatively moderates the relationship between e-seller trust and repurchase intention. Thus, e-marketplace trust can replace e-seller trust in customer repurchase intentions. AcknowledgmentThis study is conducted with the support of Universitas Multimedia Nusantara.
Pipeline Characterization for Communication Channel Properties Improvement

In recent years, there has been an increasing necessity for monitoring facilities like gas or water pipelines to ensure high security and adequate infrastructure maintenance. The pipeline network is very large, and the main problem is its continuous monitoring. In particular, there is the necessity to monitor the cathodic protection (CP) voltage, which ensures maintaining the pipeline under a state of protection from corrosion and avoids considerable damage to the infrastructure. A communication channel is necessary to monitor the pipeline network continuously. Most of the pipeline monitoring systems make use of wireless communication, like global system for mobile communications (GSM) or general packet radio service (GPRS) technology and even Wi-Fi, to transmit the measurements. By their nature, the implementation of these systems is often expensive and furthermore, not all the pipeline is covered by the signals of the mobile operators. In this article, the communication approach is presented, and, in particular, the pipeline is used as a communication channel. Due to the challenges of pipelined transmission, an identification of the characteristic impedance of the medium must be conducted to obtain the best possible performance. This value is used to design a circuit that can match the function generator output to the impedance of the communication channel. The circuit to be made must allow bidirectional communication of the half-duplex type. Given the low frequencies that can be used for communication on the pipe, a low-frequency circulator must be created. Given the frequencies involved, the bidirectional circuit will be composed of operational amplifiers. The presented circulator allows matching the signal generator output impedance with the pipeline input impedance, to obtain an improvement in the transmission distance achievable using the pipeline as a communication channel.
Top‐Down CO Emissions Based On IASI Observations and Hemispheric Constraints on OH Levels

Assessments of carbon monoxide emissions through inverse modeling are dependent on the modeled abundance of the hydroxyl radical (OH) which controls both the primary sink of CO and its photochemical source through hydrocarbon oxidation. However, most chemistry transport models (CTMs) fall short of reproducing constraints on hemispherically averaged OH levels derived from methylchloroform (MCF) observations. Here we construct five different OH fields compatible with MCF‐based analyses, and we prescribe those fields in a global CTM to infer CO fluxes based on Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO columns. Each OH field leads to a different set of optimized emissions. Comparisons with independent data (surface, ground‐based remotely sensed, aircraft) indicate that the inversion adopting the lowest average OH level in the Northern Hemisphere (7.8 × 105 molec cm−3, ∼18% lower than the best estimate based on MCF measurements) provides the best overall agreement with all tested observation data sets.
Synergies in Jointly Addressing Climate Change, Health Equity and Gender Equality

Climate change is already impacting negatively on the health and well-being of individuals across the globe, and this burden is likely to become more important and debilitating over time. Due to deep-rooted systemic inequalities, the growing negative consequences disproportionately affect diverse women, girls and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) people. The same structural and cultural factors that render them more vulnerable also limit their meaningful participation in mitigation and adaptation planning and marginalize their needs. This policy brief argues the case that to enable gender-transformative, intersectional and rights-based approaches, climate change, gender and other social determinants of health must therefore be considered and addressed jointly where possible. A systems-based approach can improve the understanding of important synergies and co-benefits, feedback loops, trade-offs and unanticipated consequences that are critical to priority-setting and effective responses. It can also foster critically needed cross-sectoral collaboration among the policymakers and advocates who work on climate, health and gender equality
How variable is the number of triggered aftershocks?

Aftershock activity depends at first order on the main shock magnitude but also shows important fluctuations between shocks of equal magnitude. We here investigate these fluctuations, by quantifying them and by relating them to the main shock stress drop and other variables, for southern California earthquakes. A method is proposed in order to only count directly triggered aftershocks, rather than secondary aftershocks (i.e., triggered by previous aftershocks), and to only quantify fluctuations going beyond the natural Poisson variability. Testing of the method subjected to various model errors allows to quantify its robustness. It is found that these fluctuations follow a distribution that is well fitted by a lognormal distribution, with a coefficient of variation of about 1.0 to 1.1. A simple model is proposed to relate this observed dependence to main shock stress drop variability.
Factors controlling streambank erosion and phosphorus loss in claypan watersheds

Although the targeting and efficacy of erosion management practices have improved, sediment and nutrients continue to degrade surface waters of North America. This study investigated the influence of land use, stream order, and season on streambank erosion and phosphorus (P) transport in the Central Claypan Region of northeast Missouri. The erosion pin method was used to measure bank erosion at 37 sites in Crooked Creek and Otter Creek watersheds from 2008 to 2011. At 18 of the sites, bank vegetation data were collected and watershed characteristics acquired. Bank erosion was highly variable with a mean linear erosion rate of 99 kg m−1 y−1 (66 lb ft−1 yr−1) and a range of −31 to 490 kg m−1 y−1 (−20 to 330 lb ft−1 yr−1); mean bank recession rate was 7.1 cm y−1 (2.8 in yr−1) and ranged from −2.5 to 33 cm y−1 (−1 to 13 in yr−1). Erosion rates were significantly greater in winter (December to March) than other seasons and were highly correlated to winter and annual stream discharge (r ≥ 0.95, p < 0.05). Watershed-scale estimates showed that streambanks contributed an average of 83% of annual in-stream sediment and 67% of total P loss, clearly demonstrating the impact that bank erosion has on stream water quality in this region. Regression models developed using riparian vegetation and watershed variables accounted for up to 48% of the variability in streambank recession rates, but the models were insufficient for prediction purposes. Overall, the results indicated that current land use, bank vegetation, stream order, and watershed characteristics were not the primary controls on streambank erosion rates. Other factors, such as historic land use changes, stream channelization, and the damming of the Salt River have resulted in major alterations to stream hydrology and geomorphology in these watersheds that have not yet re-equilibrated. These overarching factors, in combination with season, continue to be the main factors controlling streambank erosion in these watersheds.
Intramolecular Energy Transfer Competing with Light-Driven Intermolecular Proton Transfer in an Iron(II)-NHC Complex? A Query into the Role of Photobasic Ligands and MLCT States

Inorganic photoacids and photobases comprising of photoactive transition metal complexes (TMCs) offer the ability to modulate proton transfer reactions through light irradiation, while utilizing the excellent optical properties of the latter. This provides a powerful tool for precise control over chemical reactions and processes, with implications for both fundamental science and practical applications. In this contribution, we present a novel molecular architecture amending an Fe-NHC complex with a pendant quinoline, as a prototypical photobase, as a representative earth-abundant TMC based inorganic photobase. We characterize the excited-state properties and proton-transfer dynamics using steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy as well as pump wavelength dependent transient absorption spectroscopy in various protic solvents. The kinetics and thermodynamics of proton transfer in the quinoline moiety are influenced by both the presence of the metal center and the choice of the solvent. Furthermore, we see indications of intramolecular energy transfer from the quinoline to the MLCT state as a limiting factor for panchromatic photobasicity of the complex.
A New Spatial Downscaling Method for Long-Term AVHRR NDVI by Multiscale Residual Convolutional Neural Network

Monitoring vegetation dynamics is essential for ecological processes, environmental changes, and natural resource protection. Fine-scale representation of vegetation indices is necessary for regions with complex topography and high diversity species. However, the advanced very-high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR), which covers an extensive time range with high temporal resolution, does not provide normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data with sufficient spatial resolutions for a detailed analysis of vegetation changes. The moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), which has a higher temporal and spatial resolution, has only been limited to the last few decades. To deal with these issues, we propose a multiscale residual convolutional neural network (MRCNN) that utilizes a multiscale structure with a residual convolutional neural network to combine MODIS NDVI and AVHRR NDVI data. The MRCNN algorithm improved mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) by 0.026 and 0.032, respectively, resulting in a 64.38% improvement for MAE and 62.79% improvement for RMSE compared to AVHRR NDVI. It also increased the peak signal-to-noise ratio by 28.5% and the structural similarity index by 16.2%. The MRCNN method accurately captures the actual state of MODIS NDVI and consistently tracks changing trends in the vegetation index. It is exact in complex terrain and diverse vegetation areas. This method enhances the spatial resolution of AVHRR NDVI and significantly improves the accuracy of monitoring nationwide vegetation index changes over 30 years. The findings establish a solid scientific foundation for implementing ecological conservation measures and promoting sustainable vegetation growth.
CD-MAE: Contrastive Dual-Masked Autoencoder Pre-Training Model for PCB CT Image Element Segmentation

Element detection is an important step in the process of the non-destructive testing of printed circuit boards (PCB) based on computed tomography (CT). Compared with the traditional manual detection method, the image semantic segmentation method based on deep learning greatly improves efficiency and accuracy. However, semantic segmentation models often require a large amount of data for supervised training to generalize better model performance. Unlike natural images, the PCB CT image annotation task is more time-consuming and laborious than the semantic segmentation task. In order to reduce the cost of labeling and improve the ability of the model to utilize unlabeled data, unsupervised pre-training is a very reasonable and necessary choice. The masked image reconstruction model represented by a masked autoencoder is pre-trained on the unlabeled data, learning a strong feature representation ability by recovering the masked image, and shows a good generalization ability in various downstream tasks. In the PCB CT image element segmentation task, considering the characteristics of the image, it is necessary to use a model with strong feature robustness in the pre-training stage to realize the representation learning on a large number of unlabeled PCB CT images. Based on the above purposes, we proposed a contrastive dual-masked autoencoder (CD-MAE) pre-training model, which can learn more robust feature representation on unlabeled PCB CT images. Our experiments show that the CD-MAE outperforms the baseline model and fully supervised models in the PCB CT element segmentation task.
Mechanisms Governing Interannual Variability of Stratosphere‐to‐Troposphere Ozone Transport

Factors governing the strength and frequency of stratospheric ozone intrusions over the Pacific‐North American region are considered for their role in modulating tropospheric ozone on interannual timescales. The strength of the association between two major modes of climate variability—the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Northern Annular Mode (NAM)—and the amount of ozone contained in stratospheric intrusions are tested in the context of two mechanisms that modulate stratosphere‐to‐troposphere transport (STT) of ozone: (StratVarO3) the winter season buildup of ozone abundances in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) and (JetVar) Pacific jet and wave breaking variability during spring. In essence, StratVarO3 corresponds to variability in the amount of ozone per intrusion, while JetVar governs the frequency of intrusions. The resulting analysis, based on two different reanalysis products, suggests that StratVarO3 is more important than JetVar for driving interannual variations in STT of ozone over the Pacific‐North American region. In particular, the abundance of ozone in the LMS at the end of winter is shown to be a robust indicator of the amount of ozone that will be contained in stratospheric intrusions during the ensuing spring. Additionally, it is shown that the overall strength of the winter season stratospheric NAM is a useful predictor of ozone intrusion strength. The results also suggest a nuanced relationship between the phase of ENSO and STT of ozone. While ENSO‐related jet variability is associated with STT variability, it is wave breaking frequency rather than typical ENSO teleconnection patterns that is responsible for the ENSO‐STT relationship.
Three New Species of Melita (Crustacea: Amphipoda), with Notes on the Amphipod Fauna of the Apalachicola Estuary of Northwest Florida

Three undescribed species of Melita have been collected in the Apalachicola estuary of northwest Florida. These new species, Melita elongata. M. longfsetosa, and M. intennedia, are simllar to and co-occur with M. nitida Smith, 1873, along the U.S. Gulf Coast. The new species of the nitida complex are yet unknown on the Atlantic coast north of Florida, altho~ M. nitida occurs north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence,. A key to the males of the species in the M. nitida complex Is given. Nineteen other amphipod species have been collected in the Apalachicola estuary, six of which are at present undescribed. The life history, abundance patterns and ecological attributes are given for each species to the Umit of avallable information. The amphipod fauna of the Gulf of them into groups based upon pleonal Mexico is not well known. Excepting tooth formulae (Group A the "nitida limited investigations (reviewed by complex", bearing no dorsal pleonal McKinney, 1977), examinations of U.S. teeth; Group B, dorsal pleonal teeth only Gulf Coast amphipod communities are on urosome; Group C, dorsal pleonal restricted to those of Pearse (1913), teeth on both metasome and urosome). Shoemaker ( 1933), Farrell ( 1970). Barnard further subdivided the "nitida Thomas (1976), and McKinney (1977). complex" based upon the presence or The latter three authors recorded numabsence of dorsal spines on urosome erous undescribed amphipod species, segment 2. Those species lacking dorsal indicating the state of knowledge of this spines now include M. lagunae Oliviera, region. 1953 and M. mangrovi Oliviera, 1953 Investigations of community struc(both from Argentina), M. parvimana ture and function in the Apalachicola Holmes, 1905 (New England). M. pelBay esturuy of northwest Florida includluctc{a. q.o. Sars, 1895 (Europe), and M. ed studies of benthic and litter-associplanaterga Kunkel, 1910 (Bermuda). ated organisms (Livingston et al., 1977). Those species with two groups of dorsal These studies revealed nine species of spines on urosome 2 now include M. amphipods new to science as well as coroninii Heller, 1866 (Europe), M. korelimited ecological and life history inforana Stephensen, 1944 and M. laevidormation on the amphipod fauna of the sum Stephensen, 1944 (Korea), M. estuary, at present totalling 22 species. pahuwaii Bernard, 1970 (Hawaii), M. Three of the undescribed species, closely zeylanica Stebbing, 1904 (Ceylon/Sri related to Melita nitida Smith, 1873, are Lanka), and M. nitida (Gulf of St. Lawfigured herein. Figures and a descriprenee to Yucatan). Bousfield ( 1977) diagtion of M. nitida, collected in noses the characteristics of the superApalachicola Bay, are included for family Melitoidea and the family comparative purposes. Barnard ( 1962) Melitidae. Descriptions of the three new discussed the 38 members of the genus species of Melita and their relationships Melita known at that time, separating to the "nitida complex" follow. Type