Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Native Dialect Effects in Non-native Production and Perception of Vowels

This dissertation examines the role of the native dialect in non-native perception and production in the specific case of Cuban and Peninsular Spanish as native varieties and of English vowels /Q, √, A/ as the target. In most second language studies, the learners’ native variety is assumed to be homogenous, regardless of their regional variety. Nevertheless, regional varieties differ in non-trivial ways and such differences need to be considered when analyzing second language acquisition. This dissertation takes shape around the main research question of whether potentially systematic differences between vowels in the native dialects of Cuban and Peninsular Spanish would produce matching phonetic differences in non-native perception and production of English vowels. This question was addressed in three experiments that compared native vowels in these Spanish varieties, as well as the perception and production of the target English /Q, √, A/ by Cuban and Peninsular Spanish learners. Significant cross-dialectal differences were identified in the production of native vowels, namely, locations of /i, o/, durations of /e, a, o/ as well as different variability patterns, which were predicted to influence mapping of sounds in L2 perception and production. In L2 perception, discrimination for advanced and naïve listeners from each dialect was tested with English /Q √/,
Amplified Hopf Bifurcations in Feed-Forward Networks

In [B. Rink and J. Sanders, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. , to appear] the authors developed a method for computing normal forms of dynamical systems with a coupled cell network structure. We now apply this theory to one-parameter families of homogeneous feed-forward chains with 2-dimensional cells. Our main result is that Hopf bifurcations in such families generically generate branches of periodic solutions with amplitudes growing like $\sim|\lambda|^{\frac{1}{2}},\sim|\lambda|^{\frac{1}{6}},\sim|\lambda|^{\frac{1}{18}}$, etc. Such amplified Hopf branches were previously found in a subclass of feed-forward networks with three cells, first under a normal form assumption [M. Golubitsky and I. Stewart, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 43 (2006), pp. 305--364] and later by explicit computations [T. Elmhirst and M. Golubitsky, SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. , 5 (2006), pp. 205--251], [M. Golubitsky and C. Postlethwaite, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. , 32 (2012), pp. 2913--2935]. We explain here how these bifurcations arise gene.
The Relationship Between Internet Addiction, Loneliness and Sleep Quality Among Students of Nursing and Midwifery Faculty

Background: Internet abuse has had a growing trend among medical students. This practice incurs negative consequences on many aspects of an individual’s life, including academic, professional, and communicative status as well as loneliness and sleep quality. These consequences have adverse effects on the quality of patient care and safety, as well as physical and mental health of students. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Internet addiction and loneliness, and sleep quality among students of the Nursing and Midwifery Faculty. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 216 students of Zahedan Nursing and Midwifery Faculty during year 2016. The study population was selected through the stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected using the demographic form, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate regression, and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS-20 software. Results: According to the results, 62.1%, 10.3%, and 1% of the students had mild, moderate, and severe Internet addiction, respectively. The mean scores of Internet addiction, loneliness, and sleep quality were 37.92 ± 13.32, 44.11 ± 9.63, and 10.7 ± 5.29, respectively. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between males and females in terms of the mean Internet addiction and sleep quality (P < 0.001 and P = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, sleep quality showed a significant correlation with Internet addiction (r = 0.16, P = 0.01) and loneliness (r = 0.22, P = 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was observed between Internet addiction and loneliness. Moreover, 8% of the total variation of Internet addiction among students was dependent on sleep quality and gender. Conclusions: Considering the effects of Internet addiction on the health dimensions of students, it seems necessary to implement periodic educational courses, refer them to counseling centers, and perform interventional studies to assess the effectiveness of such programs.
Minor physical anomalies in Tourette syndrome

- Background and Objectives: The prevalence of minor physical anomalies (prenatal errors of morphogenesis) was evaluated in patients with Tourette syndrome to get indirect data on the possible role of aberrant neurodevelopment in the aetiology of Tourette syndrome. No published study is known on the minor physical anomaly prevalence in this recently intensively investigated disorder, and connecting to current opinions on a possible role of aberrant neurodevelopment in Tourette syndrome it seems important to introduce trait marker research focusing on brain maldevelopment. Methods: A scale developed by Mehes 1,2 was used to detect the presence or absence of 57 minor physical anomalies in 24 patients with Tourette syndrome and in 24 matched controls 21 boys and 3 girls were evaluated, the age of onset of illness among the Tourette patients was between the age of 5 and 13. Results: The mean value of all minor physical anomalies was significantly higher among the group of patients compared with controls. (Mann - Whitney U - value: 49, 50, -Z = - 4,92, p = 0,001) In the case of 7 minor physical anomalies we could demonstrate statistically significant differences between the Tourette and the control sample. In the case of 4 minor malformations (supernumary nipples, prominent forehead, tongue with smooth and rough spots, double posterior hair whorl) and of 3 phenogenetic variants (anti-mongoloid slant, inner epicanthic folds, high arched palate) a significantly higher frequency was observed compared with control individuals. However after Bonferroni correction for the Fisher's Exact test, only double posterior hair whorl and high arched palate showed a significantly higher frequency compared to control children (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The overrepresentation of minor physical anomalies in Tourette syndrome can strongly support the view that this disorder is related to pathological factors operating early in development.
Classification of Static Analysis-Based Buffer Overflow Detectors

Buffer overflow is one of the most dangerous exploitable vulnerabilities in released software or programs. Many approaches are applied to mitigate buffer overflow (BOF) vulnerabilities such as testing and monitoring. However, BOF vulnerabilities are discovered in programs frequently which might be exploited to crash programs and execute arbitrary injected code. Static analysis is a popular approach for detecting BOF vulnerabilities before releasing programs. Many static analysis-based approaches are currently used in practice. However, there is no detailed classification of these approaches to understand their common characteristics, objectives, and limitations. In this paper, we classify static analysis-based BOF vulnerability detection approaches based on six features: inference technique, analysis sensitivity, analysis granularity, soundness, completeness, and language. We then classify static inference techniques into four types: tainted data flow, constraint, annotation, and string pattern matching. Moreover, we compare the approaches in terms of effectiveness, scalability, and required manual effort. The classification will enable researchers to differentiate among existing analysis approaches. We develop some guidelines to help in choosing approaches and building tools suitable for practitioners need.
ACE I/D and MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphisms and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Expression in Migraine Patients with and without Aura and Correlation with Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: A Case-Control Study

Aim: To investigate methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphisms and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) gene expression in migraine patients and correlation with cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Methods: Migraine patients with (n=50) and without aura (n=50) and age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (n=100) were included. MTHFR C677T and ACE I/D gene polymorphisms and MMP-9 gene expression were explored in the blood samples. Volumes of hyperintense lesions detected on MRI were calculated. Results: No significant difference was determined among the migraine patients with and without aura and controls regarding MTHFR C677T and ACE I/D genotype distribution and MMP-9 gene expression. Comparing all migraine patients with controls, the rate of ACE I/D genotype was higher in the patients, whereas DD genotype was higher in the controls. The number and volume of MRI lesions were significantly higher in the migraine patients with aura as compared to the controls. The number of lesions was higher in ACE DD genotype group than in the ID genotype group. Conclusions: Migraine was a risk factor for silent hyperintense cerebral lesions; however, the role of MTHFR C677T and ACE I/D gene polymorphism and MMP-9 gene expression in migraine pathophysiology remained unresolved.
From Mice to Humans: The Exocrine Pancreas Does Not Matter in Human GLP-1 Receptor Imaging

TO THE EDITOR: Noninvasive determination of pancreatic b-cell mass (BCM) in humans is key to understanding the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes. It appears that BCM and b-cell function are not directly linked and that b-cell dysfunction is a key pathophysiologic parameter. The main challenge of pancreatic b-cell imaging is to use a highly specific tracer molecule so that the signal originating from the pancreas reflects actual BCM (1). Khera and coworkers show that reduction of exocrine pancreatic uptake by GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) blocking with fluorescent exendin improves in vivo imaging of pancreatic b-cells in mice (2). We have previously demonstrated that, as opposed to mice, rats do not display exocrine pancreatic uptake, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (3) and immunohistochemical GLP-1R staining (4). The human pancreas shows an even higher endocrine-to-exocrine ratio (3), and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrates specificity of the GLP-1R for human band d-cells (5). Insulin-positive islets are present in pancreata of people with long-standing T1D, indicating that b-cell dysfunction plays an important role in T1D pathophysiology (6). Pancreatic exendin uptake in individuals with T1D therefore reflects dysfunctional BCM (representing highly important information about the pathophysiology of T1D) and not uptake in non–b-cells, explaining “. the lack of clinical distinction between healthy volunteers and subjects with long-term diabetes. ” as claimed by Khera et al. (2). We have recently shown in people with long-standing T1D that exendin uptake in human pancreata can indeed drop to background levels, a strong argument against exocrine pancreas uptake. About half the tested individuals showed significant pancreatic uptake, pointing toward residual BCM (7), in line with the concept of b-cell dysfunction in T1D (6). Immunohistochemical analysis of human pancreata from individuals with long-standing T1D indeed confirms the presence of numerous GLP-1R–expressing b-cells and staining of d-cells, the latter explaining the low residual uptake after complete loss of b-cells. Data from healthy individuals confirm exclusive staining of band d-cells and no staining in exocrine pancreas (7). These data are confirmed by the finding that ex vivo autoradiography of human pancreatic tissue shows only background uptake in the exocrine pancreas (comparable to rats) (8). Finally, in view of the small differences in exocrine pancreatic uptake between wild-type and GLP-1R knockout mice, shown by Khera and coworkers (Fig. 1) (2), and the minor uptake reduction after blocking (2), the GLP-1R does not play an important role in exocrine pancreas uptake, as shown previously (4). Therefore, although the approach presented by Khera and coworkers (2) is highly interesting, the practical value is limited to mouse imaging. In addition, high pharmacologic doses of (fluorescent) exendin may lead to receptor saturation phenomena disturbing the linear correlation between tracer uptake and BCM (1,3).
BACTERIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES ON BACTERIATRANSMITTED FROM FISHES TO HUMAN.

Ashraf A. Abd El-Tawaab1FatmaI. El-Hofy1 Adel M. El-Gamal2 and Heba O. Ibrahim3. 1. Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Egypt. 2. Bacteriology Dept, Animal Health Research Institute, Kafr El-Sheikh branch. Egypt. 3. Veterinary Medicine Directorate, Kafr El-Sheikh branch. Egypt. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
Socio-demographic and regional differences in unmet healthcare needs among migrants in Europe

Background Different barriers that hinder migrants’ access to healthcare may have detrimental effect on health but also contribute to health inequalities. Given the lack of evidence on unmet healthcare needs among European migrant population, the study aimed to analyse the demographic, socio-economic and health-related patterning of unmet healthcare needs among migrants in Europe. Methods European Health Interview Survey data from 2013–2015 covering 26 countries was used to analyse associations of individual-level factors and unmet healthcare needs among migrants (n = 12,817). Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals for unmet healthcare needs were presented for geographical regions and countries. Associations between unmet healthcare needs and demographic, socio-economic, and health indicators were analysed using Poisson regression models. Results The overall prevalence of unmet healthcare needs among migrants was 27.8% (95% CI 27.1–28.6) but the estimate varied substantially across geographical regions in Europe. Unmet healthcare needs due to cost or access were patterned by various demographic, socio-economic, and health-related indicators but higher prevalence of UHN were universally found for women, those with the lowest income, and poor health. Conclusions While the high level of unmet healthcare needs illustrate migrants’ vulnerability to health risks, the regional variations in the prevalence estimates and individual-level predictors highlight the variations in national policies regarding migration and healthcare legislations and differences in welfare-systems across Europe in general.
Economic Implications of Biological Control of Arundo donax in the Texas Rio Grande Basin

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XXL - A Library Approach to Supporting Efficient Implementations of Advanced Database Queries

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Analysis of Preventive Maintenance in Transactions Based Software Systems

Preventive maintenance of operational software systems, a novel technique for software fault tolerance, is used specifically to counteract the phenomenon of software "aging". However, it incurs some overhead. The necessity to do preventive maintenance, not only in general purpose software systems of mass use, but also in safety-critical and highly available systems, clearly indicates the need to follow an analysis based approach to determine the optimal times to perform preventive maintenance. In this paper, we present an analytical model of a software system which serves transactions. Due to aging, not only the service rate of the software decreases with time, but also the software itself experiences crash/hang failures which result in its unavailability. Two policies for preventive maintenance are modeled and expressions for resulting steady state availability, probability that an arriving transaction is lost and an upper bound on the expected response time of a transition are derived. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the models.
Free Space Mapping and Motion Planning in Configuration Space for Mobile Manipulators

A new method for calculating the collision free areas of a manipulator's configuration space (C-space) is demonstrated in this paper. Rather than mapping a point obstacle to an n-dimensional surface in the C-space, the dual problem is considered. That is, regions of the C-space that are guaranteed to be collision free are determined. Whilst some configurations that are collision free are not captured by this method, its speed and low memory usage make it ideal for motion planning in the C-space. It is especially useful for mobile manipulators such as wall climbing robots, where the surrounding terrain changes with each step the robot takes. Being able to compute the mapping of Cartesian to C-space representations of objects in real time is essential, as the workspace for these robots is not static and therefore cannot be precalculated. Once the free areas of C-space have been determined, more conventional path planning techniques which have been developed for point robots moving around forbidden areas can be used for the generation of a motion plan. This means that motion planning can be guaranteed to have an exhaustive search through all possible paths and return the lowest cost path - something that has previously been difficult to achieve with other manipulator motion planning techniques. The technique is demonstrated for a 2-degree of freedom planar manipulator, and will be extended in the future to apply to higher dimensional C-spaces. Further developments are suggested for further optimisation of the technique, most notably the idea of partitioning the C-space.
Evolutionary aspects of recombination in RNA viruses.

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Mon, 25 Sep 2017 04:45:12 Journal of General Virology (1999), 80, 2535–2543. Printed in Great Britain .
Fluctuating Flow Acceleration in a Heated Supersonic Jet

Advancing the understanding of the noise generation mechanisms in hot supersonic jet flows is of pressing interest for health and environmental reasons. In the work reported, new insights in some of the fundamental mechanisms underlying the behavior of noise sources are presented by virtue of novel measurements of fluctuating flow accelerations in the developing shear layer of an ideally expanded hot jet. A high resolution two-velocity/acceleration component laser Doppler velocimeter was used to acquire velocity measurements in the region from the nozzle exit to 8 diameters downstream of the exit of a 1.65 design Mach number, bi-conic nozzle operated at a total temperature ratio of 2, resulting in a diameter Reynolds number of 1.1M and a convective Mach number of the shear layer of approximately 0.8. Discrete chirp Fourier transform processing was used to obtain time-rate-of-change of frequency for individual particle signals, providing particle acceleration measurements. The mean velocities and Reynolds stresses (axial, radial and shear) measured along radial profiles at x/D = 4 and 8 collapsed well using shear layer growth coordinates, η ∗ = (r − r! .! )/x where r is the radius from the centerline, r! is the radius at which the shear layer velocity is half the exit velocity and x is the distance downstream of the nozzle exit, validating the flow quality and instrumentation. Acceleration results indicate that the same coordinate provides radial collapse of the data; and interestingly, the root-mean-square (RMS) of the stream-wise and radial acceleration fluctuations are nearly equal at all shear layer stations bounding the potential core—a likely result of isotropy of pressure gradient fluctuations that dominate the acceleration fluctuations in high Reynolds number shear layers. The peak magnitude of RMS accelerations were scaled relative to incompressible results from the literature to exhibit compressibility effects in this term which are due again to the influence of pressure on accelerations. The results indicate the value of acceleration measurements in high speed shear layers as an additional means for understanding the role of pressure and compressibility in high Reynolds number flows.
The effect of partial replacement of soyabean meal with sunflower meal on ileal adaptation, nutrient utilisation and growth performance of young turkeys

1. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to investigate the effect of graded levels of sunflower meal (SFM; 0, 70, 140 and 210 g/kg) and enzyme supplementation on gut morphology, nutrient utilisation and growth performance of young turkeys from 0 to 8 weeks of age. The enzyme supplement used in the study contained non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading activities and supplied 500 U pectinase, 40 U cellulase, 1600 U xylanase, 800 U glucanase, 200 U mannanase, 20 U galactanase per kg diet. 2. The use of SFM resulted in an increase in the height and width of intestinal villi, and a linear decrease in crypt depth. Dry matter digestibility and energy metabolisability decreased in groups fed diets with a moderate (140 g/kg) and high (210 g/kg) SFM content. 3. A decrease in dry matter digestibility and energy metabolisability was most likely the reason for a reduction in body weights of 8-week-old turkeys fed on diets containing 140 g/kg (from 4·17 to 4·01 kg) and 210 g/kg (from 4·17 to 3·93 kg) of SFM. 4. The addition of enzyme resulted in a slight increase in villus height, a significant increase in the number of goblet cells and an increase in digestibility coefficients for crude fat. 5. The results of this study demonstrate that turkey diets can be effectively supplemented with high-quality sunflower meal at a concentration of approximately 70 g/kg. It should be noted, however, that at 8 weeks of age the body weight of turkeys fed on diets containing 140 and 210 g/kg of SFM could be lower by 4 and 6%, respectively, than in those receiving the soyabean meal-based diets.