Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Provider Payments on Health Care Utilization of Low-Income Individuals: Evidence from Medicare and Medicaid∗

Provider payments are the key determinant of insurance generosity within many health insurance programs covering low-income populations. This paper analyzes the effects of a large, federally-mandated provider payment increase for primary care services provided to low-income elderly and disabled individuals. Drawing upon comprehensive administrative payment and utilization data, we leverage variation across beneficiaries and across providers in the policy-induced payment increase in difference-in-differences and triple differences research designs. The estimates indicate that the provider payment reform led to a 6.3% increase in the targeted services provided to eligible beneficiaries, indicating an implied payment elasticity of 1.2. Further, the provider payment reform decreased the fraction of lowincome beneficiaries with no primary care visit in a year by 9%, completely closing the gap relative to higher-income beneficiaries with the same observable characteristics. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the payment increase led to an expansion of utilization for many subgroups, with somewhat larger effects among beneficiaries who are younger, are white, and live in areas with many primary care providers per capita. ∗For providing helpful comments, we thank Sandra Black, Jeffrey Clemens, Kate Ho, Amanda Kowalski, Timothy Layton, Julian Reif, and Molly Schnell, and seminar participants at Monash University, the University of Chicago Harris School, the University of Michigan, Stanford University, the American Society of Health Economists annual meetings, and the ASSA annual meetings. Additionally, we thank Megan Hyland, Seth Neller, and Jinyeong Son for providing excellent research assistance. Cabral gratefully acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation CAREER Award (1845190). †University of Texas at Austin and NBER ‡Cornell University and NBER §University of Michigan Ross School of Business and NBER
HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF DYSAUTONOMIA IN COMMERCIAL RABBITS AFFECTED BY INTESTINAL DISORDERS

Dysautonomia is a severe fatal gastro-intestinal di sor er characterized by caecal impaction, anorexia, and depression. The disease has been reported in a wide range of animals such as horse, cat, dog, hare and rabbit. Histopathological findings are identifi ed by degenerative damages of the autonomous nervous system, that can be evidenced by means of t argeted immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques. Rabbits affected by dysautonomia showed a severe la rg intestinal paralysis that could be associated with the presence of C. botulinum in the gut, as already demonstrated in cats. The aim of our work was to evaluate the presence of BoNT producing Clostridia in rabbit with gastrointestinal disorders and to assess the neurological damages occurred in the gut by IHC techniques targeted on a neurodegenerative marker (synaptophys in). To this purpose, 66 live commercial rabbits with an intestinal disorder history were euthanized an necropsied. Gross lesions were categorized in two forms: cecal constipation (CC) and fluid entero -typhlitis (ET). BoNT producing Clostridia were not detected in the caecal contents. Degenerative l esions of the autonomous nervous system were detected in the 39.4% of the analyzed subjects. The highest IHC positivity occurred in rabbits with CC suggesting that constipation could be mediated by a neurological damage of the myenteric plexa. Further studies with healthy control rabbits with n o gastro-enteric disorders are required to better understand the pathogenesis of dysautonomia and to i vestigate other etiological causes.
Incremental and Radical Innovation by U.S. Automobile Manufacturers, 1885-1981: An Ecological Perspective

Despite growing consensus that different types of technological innovations emerge from different paths and have differing effects on an organization’s behavior and performance, there has been little conceptual and empirical work on how (organizational) ecological processes influence the rate of occurrence of different types of innovation, such as incremental or radical innovation, and their consequences for organizational performance. We predict that organizational scope and niche crowding increase the rate of incremental innovation, while prior experience in another industry lowers the rate of both incremental and radical innovation. Further, we argue that while innovation itself may improve an organization’s survival chances, the simultaneous occurrence of radical innovation with other organizational changes, such as a change in market position, is likely to lower the organization’s survival chances. Our results are consistent with the implications of a cascading model of organizational change with incremental innovations providing survival benefits and radical innovations lowering survival chances when they occur jointly with market position change. Using longitudinal data on all American automobile manufacturers from 1885-1981, we find substantial support for our predictions.
Assessing the Perceived Realism of Kinesthetic Haptic Renderings Under Parameter Variations

Despite the large amount of research on kinesthetic haptic devices and haptic effect modeling, there is limited work assessing the perceived realism of kinesthetic model renderings. Identifying the impact of haptic effect parameters in perceived realism can help to inform the required accuracy of kinesthetic renderings. In this work, we model common kinesthetic haptic effects and evaluate the perceived realism of varying model parameters via a user study. Our results suggest that parameter accuracy requirements to achieve realistic ratings vary depending on the specific haptic parameter.
The dimeric architecture of checkpoint Mec1ATR and Tel1ATM reveal a common structural organization

Recommended Citation Sawicka, Marta; Wanrooij, Paulina H. ; Darbari, Vidya C. ; Tannous, Elias; Hailemariam, Sarem; Bose, Daniel; Makarova, Alena V. ; Burgers, Peter M. ; and Zhang, Xiaodong, ,"The dimeric architecture of checkpoint Mec1ATR and Tel1ATM reveal a common structural organization. " Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291,26. 13436-13447. (2016). https://digitalcommons.wustl. edu/open_access_pubs/5049
Myocardial Infarction With Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries: An Updated Overview of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) refers to acute myocardial infarction with normal or near-normal coronary arteries. The MINOCA is a heterogeneous group of conditions, and possible etiologies are coronary artery spasm, spontaneous coronary artery dissection, coronary thromboembolism, coronary plaque disruption, coronary microvascular dysfunction, supply and demand mismatch. It is more common in young adults, with women having a higher chance of getting MINOCA than men. Considering MINOCA as a clinically dynamic working diagnostic that needs further investigation rather than a “true” diagnosis is proposed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), intravenous ultrasound (IVUS), cardiac MRI may be required to stratify the underlying mechanism. Due to the lack of evidence-based literature and prospective randomized controlled studies, therapeutic management is limited. Consequently, the strategy is patient-specific. The prognosis of MINOCA patients remains unclear and depends upon the underlying etiology. This article aims to review the literature about various aspects of MINOCA, including pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
Differentiation between Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Normal Pancreatic Tissue for Treatment Response Assessment using Multi-Scale Texture Analysis of CT Images

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most prevalent type of pancreas cancer with a high mortality rate and its staging is highly dependent on the extent of involvement between the tumor and surrounding vessels, facilitating treatment response assessment in PDAC. Objective: This study aims at detecting and visualizing the tumor region and the surrounding vessels in PDAC CT scan since, despite the tumors in other abdominal organs, clear detection of PDAC is highly difficult. Material and Methods: This retrospective study consists of three stages: 1) a patch-based algorithm for differentiation between tumor region and healthy tissue using multi-scale texture analysis along with L1-SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifier, 2) a voting-based approach, developed on a standard logistic function, to mitigate false detections, and 3) 3D visualization of the tumor and the surrounding vessels using ITK-SNAP software. Results: The results demonstrate that multi-scale texture analysis strikes a balance between recall and precision in tumor and healthy tissue differentiation with an overall accuracy of 0.78±0.12 and a sensitivity of 0.90±0.09 in PDAC. Conclusion: Multi-scale texture analysis using statistical and wavelet-based features along with L1-SVM can be employed to differentiate between healthy and pancreatic tissues. Besides, 3D visualization of the tumor region and surrounding vessels can facilitate the assessment of treatment response in PDAC. However, the 3D visualization software must be further developed for integrating with clinical applications.
A 3-Tap Global Shutter 5.0m Pixel with Background Canceling for 165MHz Modulated Pulsed Indirect Time-of-Flight Image Sensor

2 Gpixel INC, Yingkoulu 588, Changchun, China 3 Orbbec Shenzhen, Gaoxin South 7th Rd, Shenzhen, China 4 Gpixel NV, Mechelsesteenweg 271, Antwerp, Belgium 5 Tower Semiconductor, Migdal Haemek, Israel 1* E-mail address: tsutsui.masafumi@tpsemico.com, tel +81-80-4603-4174 A 3-Tap Global Shutter 5.0m Pixel with Background Canceling for 165MHz Modulated Pulsed Indirect Time-of-Flight Image Sensor Masafumi Tsutsui, Toshifumi Yokoyama, Takahisa Ogawa, Ikuo Mizuno, Nobuyoshi Takahashi, C. Ma, F. Wang, J. Debondt, J. Bogaerts, X. Wang & Assaf Lahav
Centennial-scale variability of sea-ice cover in the Chukchi Sea since AD 1850 based on biomarker reconstruction

Paleo-climate proxy records documenting sea-ice extent are important sources of information to assess the time of emergence and magnitude of on-going changes in the Arctic Ocean and better predict future climate and environmental evolution in that region. In this study, a suite of geochemical tracers including total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N), stable isotope composition of organic carbon and nitrogen (δ 13C, δ 15N), and phytoplankton biomarkers (highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols) were measured in a marine sediment core to document the sea-ice variability in the Chukchi Sea since the beginning of the Industrial Era. The downcore profile of the sea-ice proxy HBIs suggests a transition from extensive sea ice in the late 19th century to Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) in AD 1930–1990s and then moderate sea-ice cover since 1990s. Rising of all HBI abundances between AD 1865–1875 indicate a transient retreat of summer ice edge off the shelf followed by a return to near-perennial sea ice till 1920–1930 as revealed by the absence of HBIs and brassicasterol. Sea ice retreat occurred again in AD 1920–1930 and followed by colder decades in 1940s–1960s before a sustained decline since the 1990s. The downcore profile of C/N, δ 13C of organic matter and sterols indicates a gradual increase of terrigenous inputs accelerating during the most recent decades likely due to enhanced fluvial run-off and sediment transport by sediment-laden sea ice. Concomitantly, increasing δ 15N values suggest limited nutrient utilization due to enhanced stratification of the surface ocean caused by increased freshening. The role of the Arctic oscillation (AO), the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) are discussed to explore potential drivers of the observed sea-ice changes.
Political Leadership and Diversity Management in Post-Colonial Nigeria

This paper probes the interplay of political leadership and diversity management, and the challenges facing sixty-one year old Nigerian state. Several inquiries have been conducted on the crisis of diversity management in Nigeria. However, several studies have adduced corruption poverty, nepotism, and failure to give recognition to various ethnic nationalities among others as the reasons for problems in managing Nigerian diversity. This paper argues that the major problem in managing Nigeria’s diversity is bad leadership; as problem of bad governance has continued to exert pressure on the poor management of Nigeria’s diversity. The persistent ethnoreligious clashes since independence, and especially since 1999 when Nigeria began her democratic journey has demonstrated that Nigeria is far from achieving nation building. Today, poor management of Nigeria’s diversity has given way to different conflict and division among ethnic nationalities. A wide range of unification strategies have been set-up by past and current political leadership; such as introduction of federalism, state creation, introduction of NYSC among others. These have failed to achieve the desire result because of leadership failure and promotion of ethnic interest above national interest. Therefore, twenty-one years of democratic rule in Nigeria has been embroiled with incessant agitation for self determination by various ethnic nationalities. The study adopts descriptive method, while transformation leadership theory of leadership is adopted to inquire how and why political leadership is failing in the management of Nigeria’s diversity. The findings reveal that the success or failure of nation building dependent on how leadership implement ethno-political strategies to build sense of belonging, and nationalistic feelings as against the current sectional feelings that is currently tearing Nigerianstate apart. The researchers’ suggest de-politicization of ethnicity, compulsory education, and implementation of residence rights, recruitment of leadership imbue with vision and reform character, and policy toward attitudinal change among Nigerians.
Electron Transport in N-functionalised Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons: Computational Insight

Density functional theory (DFT) theoryhas been used to explore the electronic and transport properties of (3, 0) pristine armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNR) and its Nitrogen (N) doped counterparts. The analysis has been performed for four different Nitrogen doping concentrations i.e., 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75% and 25% by replacing the carbon atoms of the pristine AGNR. The computed formation energy (Eform) confirms that the stability of N-doped AGNR is comparable to pristine AGNR. Band structure and density of states profile shows that pristine AGNRs havea band gap of 1.06 eV and introduction of N doping changes its behavior to n-type semiconductor. Interestingly, in N doped AGNR, its metallic character remains intact with increasing concentration of N and shows superior current-voltage characteristics compared to linear atomic chains of metals, with 25% doping concentration. This interesting behavior of N doped AGNR can be exploited for its application as electrodes or interconnects in electronic devices.
Determination of the characteristic magnetic pre-sheath length at divertor surfaces using micro-engineered targets on DiMES at DIII-D

The magnetic pre-sheath (MPS) length, L MPS, is a critical parameter to define the sheath potential, which controls the ion trajectory of low-Z species (D, T, He, and C), as well as the prompt re-deposition of high-Z species. To determine L MPS, we fabricated micro-trenches (30 × 30 × 4 μm) via focused ion beam milling on a silicon surface and exposed them to L-mode deuterium plasmas in DIII-D via the divertor material evaluation system (DiMES) removable sample exposure probe. The areal distribution of impurity depositions, mainly consisting of carbon, was measured by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to reveal the deuterium ion shadowing effect on the trench floors. The carbon deposition profiles showed that the erosion was maximized for the azimuthal direction of φ = −40° (referenced to the toroidal magnetic field direction) as well as the polar angle of θ = 80°. A Monte Carlo equation-of-motion (EOM) model, based on a collisionless MPS, was used to calculate the azimuthal and polar deuterium ion angle distributions (IADs) at the surface for a range of L MPS = k × ρ i, where ρ i is the ion gyro radius and k = 0.5–4. Then, gross erosion profiles were calculated by a Monte Carlo micro-patterning and roughness (MPR) code for ion sputtering using as input the calculated azimuthal and polar IADs for each value of k. Good agreement with the experimental C deposition profiles was obtained for the case k = 2.5–3.5. This result is consistent with a previous kinetic modeling prediction of k ∼ 3, as well as previous analytical investigations that predicted the L MPS to be several ion gyro radii. A validation of theoretical sheath models supports its applicability to ITER and pilot plant divertors to successfully predict plasma–materials interactions.
Evaluatıon of populatıon-based breast cancer screenıng program in Turkey: Preliminary results

Introduction: In Turkey, a population-based breast cancer screening program for women aged 40 to 69 years old was recently introduced. The goal of this study was to document early outcomes and assess the program's success. Method: This study looked at the 348,638 women who were screened in 2016. For end results, all data was gathered from the national centralized reporting system and the Cancer Registry database. For benign discoveries, Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 1-2 were applied, and for recalls, BI-RADS 0, 4, or 5 were utilized, depending on the level of suspicion. The study looked at the age distribution, recall rate, cancer detection, and interval cancer rates. The stages of identified malignancies were examined and compared to those of the non-screened group throughout the same time frame. Results: In the screening population, 43.2 percent of women were between the ages of 40 and 49, and 56.8% were between the ages of 50 and 69. The age range of 50–69 was responsible for 70% of screen-detected malignancies. The total recall rate (n = 19,607) was 5.6 percent. The malignancy rate for BI-RADS 5 recalls was 70.2 percent, 19.2 percent for BI-RADS 4, and 1.7 percent for BI-RADS 0 recalls. Screen-discovered malignancies were detected at a rate of 3.2 per 1000 screening exams (n = 1,120). When compared to the non-screened group, the screened group had a larger percentage of early-stage illness (54.3%). (46.7 percent). Interval cancers were discovered in 231 women (0.66 per 1000 screened women). Conclusion: Turkey's recently launched population-based breast cancer screening program appears to be viable and successful, according to preliminary results. According to this study, the breast cancer screening program should be sustained, with coverage of the target group rising.
Deep Learning-based Side-Channel Analysis on PIPO (cid:63)

As the global IoT market increases, the importance of security in the IoT environment is growing. So, studies on lightweight cipher techniques are actively underway for limited environments. In ICISC 2020, PIPO, a bitslice lightweight cipher that can eﬀectively apply a countermeasure considering side-channel analysis, was proposed. In this paper, we propose Deep Learning-based proﬁled and non-proﬁled Side-Channel Analysis for PIPO. In proﬁled attack, we use an 8-bit model instead of 1-bit model that considered the bitslice characteristic of S-Box output. Although an each bit of S-Box output is distributed across the power trace, the 8-bit model has shown high training performance with 98% accuracy, and was able to derive right key successfully. In non-proﬁled attack, we propose a labeling technique suitable for the bitslice characteristic and show the excellence of our proposed labeling through experiments. Also, we expect that these characteristics will apply to other bitslice block ciphers as well as PIPO.
Adversarial Conversational Shaping for Intelligent Agents

The recent emergence of deep learning methods has enabled the research community to achieve state-of-the art results in several domains including natural language processing. However, the current robocall system remains unstable and inaccurate: text generator and chat-bots can be tedious and misunderstand human-like dialogue. In this work, we study the performance of two models able to enhance an intelligent conversational agent through adversarial conversational shaping: a generative adversarial network with policy gradient (GANPG) and a generative adversarial network with reward for every generation step (REGS) based on the REGS model presented in Li et al. [18] . This model is able to assign rewards to both partially and fully generated text sequences. We discuss performance with different training details : seq2seq [ 36] and transformers [37 ] in a reinforcement learning framework.
Design and Evaluation of Hybrid Passive Spring Damper Ankle Foot Orthosis for Gait Performance in Drop Foot Patients: A Feasibility Study

Passive and hybrid passive Ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are the prevalent prescription in drop foot patients to prevent toe dragging during the swing phase. While, these AFOs have some limitations like inability to overcome foot slap, limitation in forward propulsion and inappropriate power generate at the push off. The aim of this study was to design a novel spring damper and evaluate the immediate effects of this AFO on improving the ankle kinetic and kinematic in drop foot patients. This AFO was generated from carbon composite frame and foot section with posterior hinge and spring damper actuator that controlled plantar flexion resistance at the early stance, freely dorsi flexion movement with the ability to store energy during mid-stance movement as well as restore this energy at the pre swing phase. This AFO was assessed on ten drop foot patients who used Posterior Leaf Spring AFO conditions and walked at their self-comfortable walking speed. Then the ankle kinetic and kinematic data in two conditions of with PLS (Posterior Leaf Spring) AFO, and novel spring damper AFO were assessed. Results showed a significant improve in the immediate effect of the kinetic and kinematic parameters. In conclusion, spring damper AFO improved all ankle angles in entire gait cycle as well as the ankle moments and power. Therefore, this AFO should be consider as a selective AFO in drop foot patients.
Context-Aware Question and Answer Generation from Car Manuals

We present a framework for automatically generating questions and answers (QAs) from text documents. The core of our proposed method utilizes rules on top of semantic role labels, which are easy to comprehend and maintain and effective in generating grammatically correct questions. In addition, we utilize advanced NLP techniques, such as text summarization (to avoid similar questions), word embedding (for context disambiguation), and topic modeling (to ﬁlter out irrelevant questions). We compare our method with the state-of-the-art methods for QA generation on car manuals and discuss our results.