Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Matrix Metalloproteinases Enzyme and Risk for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

The severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is modulated by various genetic factors including Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs). Thus, the aim of short review was to present the association of MMPs polymorphisms with development of HAND and modulation of HAND severity. MMPs have been explained with reference to extracellular matrix remodelling, which occurs throughout life and ranges from tissue morphogenesis to wound healing in various processes. MMP are inhibited by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase’s (TIMPs). Matrix metalloproteases act as an interface between host’s assault by Tat protein of HIV-1 virus and extracellular matrix which cause breaches in endothelial barriers by degradation of ECM, thus facilitating viral dissemination in tissues as a result there is a progress in HIV-1 infection. MMPs are diverse and are highly polymorphic in nature, hence associated with many diseases. In this short review, we presented here correlation between MMP& TIMPs polymorphism with HIV-related neurological disease (HAND) date suggests that MMPs polymorphism (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9) play an important role in modulation of pathogenesis in HIV disease. Further research is required to explore the role of MMPs and TIMPs variation in modulation of pathogenesis of HAND.
Web-based Supplementary Materials for Covariate selection with group lasso and doubly robust estimation of causal eﬀects by Koch, Vock, and Wolfson

Here, we present conditions under which the simultaneous variable selection problem defined by Equation (3) in Section 3.2 in the main paper has a unique solution. An immediate corollary is that a solution exists when Φsum is given by a sum of the squared error and logistic loss, i.e., when defining linear and logistic regression models for the outcome and treatment, respectively. For notational purposes, let D denote the working data {Y , A, V} and L(β|D) be the empirical loss, i.e., L(β|D) = 1 n n ∑
Analysis of Emotions from Body Postures Based on Digital Imaging

— In this paper, we present a state of the art regarding computer vision systems for the detection and classification of human body postures. Although emotions conveyed by human body postures are an important means of socio-communicative functions in several contexts, a surprising lack of systems that enable the recognition and classification of postures for different emotional signatures, is acknowledged. The neglect of such systems is most likely due to the complexity of the emotions reflected in body postures, and to the wide range of variations in postures, particularly when assessing groups of individuals. Despite the existence of several sensors, allowing to obtain images of various types, from color images to thermal images, no one was yet used for this purpose. We propose the use of a recently developed algorithm, which has presented optimal results in several domains, to allow for the recognition of emotions from human body postures.
T RANSCRIPTOME A NALYSIS OF THE R ESPONSE TO C HRONIC C ONSTANT H YPOXIA (CCH) IN Z EBRAFISH H EARTS

Insufficient blood supply during acute infarction and chronic ischemia leads to tissue hypoxia which can significantly alter gene expression patterns in the heart. In contrast to most mammals, some teleost fish are able to adapt to extremely low oxygen levels. We describe here that chronic constant hypoxia (CCH) leads to a smaller ventricular outflow tract, reduced lacunae within the central ventricular cavity and around the trabeculae and an increase in the number of cardiac myocyte nuclei per area in the hearts of two teleost species, zebrafish ( Danio rerio) and cichlids (Haplochromis piceatus) . In order to identify the molecular basis for the adaptations to CCH, we profiled the gene expression changes in the hearts of adult zebrafish. We have analyzed over 15,000 different transcripts and found 376 differentially regulated genes, of which 260 genes showed increased and 116 genes decreased expression levels. Two notch receptors (notch-2 and notch-3) as well as regulatory genes linked to cell proliferation were transcriptionally upregulated in hypoxic hearts. We observed a simultaneous increase in expression of IGF-2 and IGFbp1 and upregulation of several genes important for the protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have identified here many novel genes involved in the response to CCH in the heart, which may have potential clinical implications in the future. antibody against phospho-Akt (c) . For both cardiac myocytes and skeletal muscle fibers, the absorbance of the BM Purple is linearly increasing at the same relative rate with the incubation time with BM Purple AP substrate at the same relative rate (d) . Mean absorbances of phospho-Akt staining (+S.E.M.) from normoxic and hypoxic cardiac myocytes was not different (e)
Computational modeling of tone in language documentation: citation tones vs. running speech in Chindwin Khamti

Recent documentation of a four-tone system in Khamti (Dockum 2015), spoken along the Chindwin River in northwestern Myanmar, distinguishes it from all varieties of Khamti previously described, dating back to the 19 century (Robinson 1849, Needham 1894, Harris 1976, Morey 2005, etc). In addition to being tonally divergent from its closest known relatives, Khamti is also one of the more geographically distant members of the Southwestern Tai (SWTai) branch of the Kra-Dai language family, as compared to the majority of speakers of SWTai languages. This distance, both tonal and geographic, motivates closer investigation into the tones of the modern language. This paper more closely examines tone in Chindwin Khamti along two tracks: first, it reports on a study to gather much more data on synchronic tones across social variables of age, gender, and village location; and, second, it uses a portion of this data to test methods for computational modeling of tone demonstrated by Shosted et al (2015) on Iu Mien. They advocate for the integration of computational methods early in and throughout the process of field documentation, to assist in achieving adequate description of understudied tonal languages while reducing impressionistic judgments in such descriptions. Computational models can serve as a potential check against human error in assigning tone categories, and can reveal interspeaker variation in tone systems that might go unnoticed using traditional methods. Both of these benefits then contribute toward the goal of greater replicability and falsifiability of linguistic research. In the remainder of this paper, section 2 provides background on Khamti and the tones of the Chindwin River variety, section 3 describes audio data collection for a running speech corpus and a wordlist corpus, section 4 details the method for computational modeling of Khamti tones, section 5 presents the clustering results and discussion, and finally section 6 concludes the paper.
MdMYB1 regulates anthocyanin and malate accumulation by directly facilitating 28 their transport into vacuoles in apples

41 Summary: An MYB transcription factor influences organ coloration and acidity by 42 activating the expression of the genes encoding vacuolar proton pump subunits as well as 43 anthocyanin transporters and malate transporters. ABSTRACT Tonoplast transporters, including proton pumps and secondary transporters, are 65 essential for plant cell function and for quality formation of fleshy fruits and ornamentals. 66 Vacuolar transport of anthocyanins, malate and other metabolites is directly or indirectly 67 dependent on the H + -pumping activities of vacuolar H + -ATPase (VHA) and/or 68 pyrophosphatase (VHP), but how these proton pumps are regulated in modulating 69 vacuolar transport is largely unknown. Here, we report a transcription factor, MdMYB1, 70 in apples that binds to the promoters of two genes encoding the B subunits of VHA, 71 MdVHA-B1 and MdVHA-B2, to transcriptionally activate its expression, thereby 72 enhancing VHA activity. A series of transgenic analyses in apples demonstrates that 73 MdMYB1/10 controls cell pH and anthocyanin accumulation partially by regulating 74 MdVHA-B1 and MdVHA-B2 . Furthermore, several other direct target genes of 75 MdMYB10 are identified, including MdVHA-E2 , MdVHP1 , MdMATE-LIKE1 and MdtDT , 76 which are involved in H + -pumping or in the transport of anthocyanins and malates into 77 vacuoles. Finally, we show that the mechanism by which MYB controls malate and 78 anthocyanin accumulation in apples also operates in Arabidopsis . These findings provide 79 novel insights into how MYB TFs directly modulate the vacuolar transport system in 80 addition to anthocyanin biosynthesis, consequently controlling organ coloration and cell 81 pH in plants. 82 91 In this study, we show that apple MdMYB1/10 TF directly regulates the expression of several genes that encode vacuolar proton pump subunits, including MdVHA-B1 , MdVHA-B2 , MdVHA-E2 , and MdVHP1 ; an anthocyanin transporter, MdMATE-LIKE1 ; an ABC transporter; and a malate transporter, MdtDT, in modulating anthocyanin/malate accumulation and cell pH. We also demonstrate that the mechanism through which MYB TF controls cell pH and the vacuolar accumulation of anthocyanins and malate is 191 conserved between apples and Arabidopsis .
Propulsion Capability Improvement and Fuel Consumption Reduction in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks

: This paper suggests an Artificial Neural Network model (ANN) in order to increase propulsion capability and reduce fuel consumption in hybrid electric vehicles. All stages are implemented by Simulink of MATLAB software. The simulation is based on basic parameters of internal-combustion engine. The achieved results reveal the ability of suggested method to reduce fuel consumption and increase the lifetime of the vehicle components, including the battery due to reduction of travel disturbances and soft moving of the vehicle at different speeds. It is also possible to optimize the problem for various vehicles and all types of roads by changing the motion parameters and conditions of artificial Neural Network Parameterization.
An Investigation into the Relationship between French and English Reading Abilities: Freshmen Students of the English Department at Meknes as a Case Study

This study strives to investigate students’ reading ability across foreign languages in Morocco. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between French and English reading abilities. Specifically, it attempts to measure students’ metacognitive awareness of reading strategies and explore its impact on English reading development. Data were collected using two reading comprehension tests in French and English and a reading strategy questionnaire. 80 freshmen university students in Meknes formed the sample of this investigation. In this regard, the study employed Pearson product-moment and partial correlation as statistical tools to analyze the generated data. The findings showed that there is no relationship between participants’ French and English reading abilities. The study also revealed that metacognitive knowledge and mainly the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies of students has a significant positive impact on their English reading ability. Eventually, the findings of this endeavor have triggered various implications and recommendations for future research.
Molecular Detecting of fungi and Bacteria in the Blood of Patients With Genital System Inflammatory Infection

A PCR technique was used to detect fungi and bacteria in the blood of patients with inflammatory infection of genital system, three primer sets were used to detect E. Coli , Candida spp. and existence of other fungi The results showed infection by both microorganisms. All patients had bacteria in the blood stream while 30 % of them had a Candida spp. and the same percentage of other fungi species in blood.
Estimation of Aerodynamic Coefficients in a Small Subsonic Wind Tunnel

To apply the experimental data measured in a wind tunnel for a scaled aircraft to a free-flying model, conditions of dynamical similarity must be met or scaling procedures introduced. The scaling methods should correct the wind tunnel data regarding model support, wall interference, and lower Reynolds number. To include the necessary corrections, the current scaling techniques use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in combination with measurements in cryogenic wind tunnels. There are a few methods that enable preliminary calculations of typical corrections considering specific measurement conditions and volume limitation of test section. The purpose of this paper is to present one possible approach to estimating corrections due to sting interference and difference in Reynolds number between the real airplane in cruise regime and its 1:100 model in the small wind tunnel AT-1. The analysis gives results for correction of axial and normal force coefficients. The results of this analysis indicate that the Reynolds number effects and the problem of installation of internal force balance are quite large. Therefore, the wind tunnel AT-1 has limited usage for aerodynamic coefficient determination of transport airplanes, like Dash 8 Q400 analyzed in this paper.
Rôle et fonctionnalité des récepteurs gustatifs dans les ailes de drosophiles

Les capacites cognitives pour assurer l’exploration et la decouverte de nouvelles niches ecologiques sont au cœur des processus d’adaptation et de survie des especes vertebres et invertebres. A cet egard, les systemes neuronaux chimio-sensoriels composes des organes olfactifs et gustatifs permettent le guidage et reperage des sources de nourritures et/ou des partenaires sexuels. Un fait marquant chez les insectes et en particulier la drosophile reside dans le fait que les organes gustatifs sont dissemines sur le corps. La bordure anterieure de l’aile est tapissee avec des sensilles gustatives alternees avec des sensilles mecaniques. La fonctionnalite et le role des cellules gustatives au niveau de l’aile de la drosophile reste enigmatique et a ce jour largement inconnue (Stocker, 1994). Notre travail a consiste a explorer la signalisation et le mecanisme de transduction de ces recepteurs et a questionner leur importance dans l’adaptation des insectes a leur ecosysteme. Nos resultats portent sur trois volets. Nous avons verifie que l’expression des recepteurs du gout est effective dans les ailes des trois insectes differents (drosophiles, pucerons et abeilles) par RT-PCR. Nous avons ensuite etudie la fonctionnalite de ces recepteurs vis-a-vis des molecules sucrees et ameres a l’aide d’une souche transgenique (G-CaMP), qui exhibe une forte fluorescence provoquee par des piques de calcium cytosolique. Enfin, des tests comportementaux ont ete realise avec une souche transgenique (Poxn*) dans laquelle les sensilles chimio-sensorielles de l’aile sont specifiquement invalides sans alterer les autres structures olfactives et/ou gustatives. Les resultats montrent un effet significatif des cellules chimio-sensorielles de l’aile quant a l’orientation dans l’espace et a l’apprentissage Bayesien. Nos resultats sur ces trois volets nous ont permis d’elaborer des hypotheses au regard de l’evolution neuroanatomique de l’aile des insectes depuis les organismes ancestraux d’origine marine desquels ils derivent. Des experts en aerodynamiques proposent la creation d’un vortex durant le vol qui forme une spirale de courant d’air le long de la bordure anterieur de l’aile. La parfaite superposition entre ce vortex et le nerf costal de l’aile nous permet de deduire que les vibrations de l’aile entre 50 et 1.000 Hertz chez les insectes sont en mesure de nebuliser des materiaux (micro poussieres, micro gouttelettes, molecules faiblement volatiles) lesquels vont etre captes/entraines dans le vortex et adresses aux sensilles gustatives. Notre hypothese est que ce mecanisme permettrait aux insectes pollinisateurs de gouter les fleurs sans se poser et sans mettre a contribution la trompe buccale (proboscis). Ce scenario permettrait de dissocier le gout de l’ingestion digestive en evitant les empoisonnements par des molecules toxiques emises par les plantes et d’autre part il rend l’exploration plus efficace, en minimisant le temps de recherche.
Leprosy frequency in the world, 1999-2010

In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) committed to reducing the prevalence of leprosy to below 1 in 10,000 inhabitants by 2000. Significant improvements in leprosy control have occurred, but leprosy remains a public health problem in many countries due to its high incidence and rate of transmission. This paper reviews data published by the WHO in the years 2000, 2005 and 2010. These data sets included 148 countries or territories that reported to the WHO at least once. Only four countries reported higher prevalence rates in 2010 than in 2000 and eight reported higher case detection rate (CDR) in 2009 than in 1999. Prevalence rate reductions were greater for the first five-year period examined, while CDR reductions were greater in the second five-year period. Thirty-six countries and territories reported at least one prevalence value higher than 1 per 10,000 inhabitants and 32 reported at least one CDR value higher than 9 per 100,000 inhabitants. A total of 39 countries fit at least one of these criteria and all were located in tropical regions.
Efﬁcacy and mechanism of KRAS G12C PROTAC in inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells

: Pancreatic cancer is a rare but highly malignant cancer with few effective treatments available. Targeting cancers bearing speciﬁc genetic mutations offers a new approach for cancer therapy. PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) is an emerging technique to design targeted therapy and increasing evidence supports its utility. This study examined the in vitro pharmacodynamics and mechanism of PROTAC K-Ras Degrader-1 (PKD-1), a PROTAC molecule, in inhibiting the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. We used a pancreatic cancer cell line, MIA PaCa-2 cells, to examined the binding and degradation-promoting capabilities of PKD-1 on KRAS G12C protein and further evaluated the effects of PKD-1 on cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis. PKD-1 was able to bind to KRAS G12C protein, promoted its degradation for up to 72 h, reduced cell viability, increased cell cycle arrest and promoted cell apoptosis. Mechanistic study found that the efﬁcacy of PKD-1 was at least partially mediated by promoting 26S proteasome degradation process. Combined, these results extended previous ﬁndings and support the potential utility of PROTAC molecules such as PKD-1 as a new treatment strategy against pancreatic cancer.
Development and Evaluation of a Prediction Model for Ascertaining Rheumatic Heart Disease Status in Administrative Data

Background: Previous research has raised substantial concerns regarding the validity of the International Statistical Classi ﬁ cation of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) codes (ICD-10 I05 – I09) for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) due to likely misclassi ﬁ cation of non-rheumatic valvular disease (non-rheumatic VHD) as RHD. There is currently no validated, quantitative approach for reliable case ascertainment of RHD in administrative hospital data. Methods: A comprehensive dataset of validated Australian RHD cases was compiled and linked to inpatient hospital records with an RHD ICD code (2000 – 2018, n=7555). A prediction model was developed based on a generalized linear mixed model structure considering an extensive range of demographic and clinical variables. It was validated internally using randomly selected cross-validation samples and externally. Conditional optimal probability cutpoints were calculated, maximising discrimination separately for high-risk versus low-risk populations. Results: The proposed model reduced the false-positive rate (FPR) from acute rheumatic fever (ARF) cases misclassi ﬁ ed as RHD from 0.59 to 0.27; similarly for non-rheumatic VHD from 0.77 to 0.22. Overall, the model achieved strong discriminant capacity (AUC: 0.93) and maintained a similar robust performance during external validation (AUC: 0.88). It can also be used when only basic demographic and diagnosis data are available. Conclusion: This paper is the ﬁ rst to show that not only misclassi ﬁ cation of non-rheumatic VHD but also of ARF as RHD yields substantial FPRs. Both sources of bias can be successfully addressed with the proposed model which provides an effective solution for reliable RHD case ascertainment from hospital data for epidemiological disease monitoring and policy evaluation.
of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape: Common Escape Mutations in Simian Immunodeﬁciency Virus Are Poorly Recognized in Naïve Hosts

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are associated with control of immunodeﬁciency virus infection but also select for variants that escape immune recognition. Declining frequencies of epitope-speciﬁc CTL frequencies have been correlated with viral escape in individual hosts. However, escape mutations may give rise to new epitopes that could be recognized by CTL expressing appropriate T-cell receptors and thus still be immunogenic when escape variants are passed to individuals expressing the appropriate major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. To determine whether peptide ligands that have been altered through escape can be immunogenic in new hosts, we challenged naïve, immunocompetent macaques with a molecularly cloned simian immunodeﬁciency virus (SIV) bearing common escape mutations in three immunodominant CTL epitopes. Responses to the altered peptides were barely detectable in fresh samples at any time after infection. Surprisingly, CTL speciﬁc for two of three escaped epitopes could be expanded by in vitro stimulation with synthetic peptides. Our results suggest that some escape variant epitopes evolving in infected individuals do not efﬁciently
MORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES Analyzing Risk and Return

Migration behavior can strongly influence a region's economic development. Understanding the motivations for migration is important to state and local policymakers because in-migrants can fuel job growth and stimulate construction activity, but they can also overburden roads, schools, and other infrastructure. This article provides insights into the determinants of migration through an overview of theories on the subject and a survey of relevant literature. The author also reports the findings of his own empirical work-concerning the influence of certain economic variables.
Silica and carbon deposition in the Kimberley peridotites.

Our goal is to reconstruct the geological history of the mantle root to the Kaapvaal Craton in order to understand how ancient continental lithosphere was stabilized and has evolved. Here we report on work aimed at isolating features of ancient mantle petrogenesis beneath Kimberley, South Africa, focusing on the origin of silica enrichment, ancient trace element enrichment, and carbon deposition, including diamond formation. These processes are discussed with reference to large scale geologic processes specific to the region, and their consequences for craton stabilization.