Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An XSPEC model to explore spectral features from black-hole sources - II. The relativistic iron line in the lamp-post geometry

In X-ray spectra of several active galactic nuclei and Galactic black hole binaries a broad relativistically smeared iron line is observed. This feature arises by fluorescence when the accretion disc is illuminated by hot corona above it. Due to central location of the corona the illumination and thus also the line emission decrease with radius. It was reported in the literature that this decrease is very steep in some of the sources, suggesting a highly compact corona. We revisit the lamp-post setup in which the corona is positioned on the axis above the rotating black hole and investigate to what extent the steep emissivity can be explained by this scenario. We show the contributions of the relativistic effects to the disc illumination by the primary source - energy shift, light bending and aberration. The lamp-post radial illumination pattern is compared to the widely used radial broken power-law emissivity profile. We find that very steep emissivities require the primary illuminating source to be positioned very near the black hole horizon and/or the spectral power-law index of the primary emission to be very high. The broken power-law approximation of the illumination can be safely used when the primary source is located at larger heights. However, for low heights the lamp-post illumination considerably differs from this approximation. We also show the variations of the iron line local flux over the disc due to the flux dependence on incident and emission angles. The former depends mainly on the height of the primary source while the latter depends on the inclination angle of the observer. Thus the strength of the line varies substantially across the disc. This effect may contribute to the observed steeper emissivity.
Evaluating the use of synthetic T1-w images in new T2 lesion detection in multiple sclerosis

The assessment of disease activity using serial brain MRI scans is one of the most valuable strategies for monitoring treatment response in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying treatments. Recently, several deep learning approaches have been proposed to improve this analysis, obtaining a good trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, especially when using T1-w and T2-FLAIR images as inputs. However, the need to acquire two different types of images is time-consuming, costly and not always available in clinical practice. In this paper, we investigate an approach to generate synthetic T1-w images from T2-FLAIR images and subsequently analyse the impact of using original and synthetic T1-w images on the performance of a state-of-the-art approach for longitudinal MS lesion detection. We evaluate our approach on a dataset containing 136 images from MS patients, and 73 images with lesion activity (the appearance of new T2 lesions in follow-up scans). To evaluate the synthesis of the images, we analyse the structural similarity index metric and the median absolute error and obtain consistent results. To study the impact of synthetic T1-w images, we evaluate the performance of the new lesion detection approach when using (1) both T2-FLAIR and T1-w original images, (2) only T2-FLAIR images, and (3) both T2-FLAIR and synthetic T1-w images. Sensitivities of 0.75, 0.63, and 0.81, respectively, were obtained at the same false-positive rate (0.14) for all experiments. In addition, we also present the results obtained when using the data from the international MSSEG-2 challenge, showing also an improvement when including synthetic T1-w images. In conclusion, we show that the use of synthetic images can support the lack of data or even be used instead of the original image to homogenize the contrast of the different acquisitions in new T2 lesions detection algorithms.
Exploring the implementation of an outreach specialist program for nursing home residents in Macao: A multisite, qualitative study

Background The “Specialist Medical Outreach Project (SMOP)” involving inter-disciplinary hospital-based healthcare professionals is a government initiative that aims to provide integrative specialist care to high-risk residents at the nursing homes. However, research exploring the implementation and impact of SMOP is lacking. This study aimed to evidence the impact of SMOP on the quality of care at the nursing home and the key contextual determinants influencing SMOP outcomes. Method Semi-structured key informant audio-recorded face-to-face interviews were conducted with eight managers, six doctors, 28 nursing staff, and seven pharmacy staff at the nursing homes participating in the SMOP to collect insights about how SMOP was operated and performed, and the impact of SMOP as observed and expected. Participants were recruited with purposive sampling. A thematic analysis approach was employed and key themes were identified using open coding, grouping, and categorizing. Results Forty-nine interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis identified three principal themes: the overall perception about SMOP, the benefits as observed; and the areas of improvement. Together with the 10 subthemes, the results highlighted the expectations for SMOP to address the unmet needs and promote patient-centered care, and the benefits of SMOP in supporting effective use of resources for the nursing home, reducing the risks of adverse events for the residents, promoting communication and capacity building for the healthcare providers and facilitating efficient use of healthcare resources for the health system. Requests for more frequent visits by a larger inter-disciplinary specialist team were raised. Careful staff and workflow planning, and mechanisms for data-sharing and communication across care settings were deemed the most important actions for improvement. Conclusion It is a general perception that the SMOP is beneficial in enhancing the quality of care for high-risk residents in the nursing home in Macao. Cross-sector inter-disciplinary collaboration and efficient data-sharing and communication mechanism play a crucial role in ensuring the success of the program. A robust assessment framework to monitor and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the program is yet to be developed.
Editorial: Digitizing frozen earth—revealing microbial diversity and physiology in the cryobiosphere through “omics” tools, volume II

© 2022 Jungblut, Velazquez, Cirés, Kleinteich, Kottekkatu Padinchati, Sattler and Comte. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Digitizing frozen earth—revealing microbial diversity and physiology in the cryobiosphere through “omics” tools, volume II
Determination of inertia tensor co-ordinates of manipulators on the basis of local matrices of homogeneous transformations

The aim of this paper is to present an algorithm for the determination of co-ordinates of inertia tensors of manipulator links and objects manipulated, which employs homogeneous transformations. A division of a manipulator link (an object manipulated) and local systems of reference, which correspond to this division, have been introduced. An introduction of additional local systems of reference allows for their most advantageous orientation in order to calculate the co-ordinates of inertia tensors of parts and elements, whose forms and shapes often cause serious problems during the calculation of inertia tensors with the traditional method. In order to transform geometrical dimensions of solid bodies and moments of inertia, an application of matrices of homogenous transformations, typical of the description of manipulator kinematics, has been suggested. Owing to the employment of homogenous transformations and their mappings, the proposed algorithm makes the determination of co-ordinates of inertia tensors much easier, especially in the case their shape is complex.
Emergence of Asian endemic begomoviruses as a pandemic threat

Plant viruses are responsible for the most devastating and commercially significant plant diseases, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The genus begomovirus is the largest one in the family Geminiviridae, with a single-stranded DNA genome, either monopartite or bipartite. Begomoviruses are transmitted by insect vectors, such as Bemisia tabaci. Begomoviruses are the major causative agents of diseases in agriculture globally. Because of their diversity and mode of evolution, they are thought to be geographic specific. The emerging begomoviruses are of serious concern due to their increasing host range and geographical expansion. Several begomoviruses of Asiatic origin have been reported in Europe, causing massive economic losses; insect-borne transmission of viruses is a critical factor in virus outbreaks in new geographical regions. This review highlights crucial information regarding Asia’s four emerging and highly destructive begomoviruses. We also provided information regarding several less common but still potentially important pathogens of different crops. This information will aid possible direction of future studies in adopting preventive measures to combat these emerging viruses.
Giant pandas’ staple food bamboo phyllosphere fungal community and its influencing factors

Giant pandas have developed a series of foraging strategies to adapt to their special bamboo diets. Although bamboo is an important food resource for giant pandas in Liziping National Nature Reserve (Liziping NR), China, there are relatively few studies on their phyllosphere fungal community and its influencing factors. Herein, we used ITS1 amplification and metagenomic sequencing to analyze the phyllosphere fungi diversity and functions (KEGG, CAZyme, and antibiotic resistance gene) and explore the influencing factors for the three giant pandas foraging bamboo species (Arundinaria spanostachya, AS; Yushania lineolate, YL; and Fargesia ferax, FF) over different seasons (spring vs. autumn) in Liziping NR, China. We found that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the most dominant phyla in the bamboo phyllosphere. The alpha diversity (e.g., the Sobs index and Shannon index) was relatively higher in autumn samples than in spring samples, and the community structure differed significantly between the three bamboo species in spring and autumn. Some biotic and abiotic variables (e.g., the elevation and mean base diameter of bamboo) significantly influenced the abundance, diversity, and community structure of the bamboo phyllosphere fungal community. Moreover, the functional analysis showed the differences in the glycoside hydrolase community and antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profile between spring and autumn samples. Co–occurrence network modeling suggested that AS phyllosphere fungal communities in autumn employed a much more complex network than that in spring, and the abundance of multidrug, tetracycline, and glycopeptide resistance genes was high and closely correlated with other ARGs. These results indicate that fungal community’s abundance, diversity, and community structure are mainly affected by the season, host species, and elevation. The season and host species are major factors affecting the biological functions (KEGG and CAZyme), ARGs, and interactions between sympatric bacterial and fungal communities in bamboo phyllosphere. This integrated study can provide a reference basis for the seasonal management of bamboo resources foraged by wild giant pandas, and predict the risk of antibiotic resistance in bamboo phyllosphere fungal flora in Liziping NR (Xiaoxiangling mountains), China.
Impacto de la humedad relativa mínima en la prevalencia de mastitis subclinica bovina utilizando regresión lineal

Daniel Alfonso Insua: Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Carretera a Camajuani Km. 5 1⁄2. Santa Clara. CP 54830. Villa Clara. Cuba. E-mail: danielai@uclv.edu. cu | Ricardo Oses Rodriguez: Centro Meteorologico Provincial (CMP). Prolongacion de Marta Abreu # 59 Altos Esq. Juan Bruno Zayas. Telefonos-(53) 42 291081 o (53) 42 202444 y (53) 42 206768.Villa Clara. Cuba. | Guillermo Saura Gonzalez: Centro Meteorologico Provincial (CMP). Prolongacion de Marta Abreu # 59 Altos Esq. Juan Bruno Zayas. Telefonos-(53) 42 291081 o (53) 42 202444 y (53) 42 206768.Villa Clara. Cuba. | Alfredo Pedraza Martinez: Centro Meteorologico Provincial (CMP). Prolongacion de Marta Abreu # 59 Altos Esq. Juan Bruno Zayas. Telefonos-(53) 42 291081 o (53) 42 202444 y (53) 42 206768.Villa Clara. Cuba.
Effects of a plant cyclotide on conformational dynamics and destabilization of β-amyloid fibrils through molecular dynamics simulations

Aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which results in chronic and progressive neurodegeneration of the brain. A recent study by our group have shown the ability of cyclic disulfide-rich peptides (“cyclotides”) isolated from a medicinal plant, Clitoria ternatea, to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ peptides and reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species using in vivo models of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. In the present study, through extensive computational docking and multi-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we evaluated if cyclotides can stably bind to Aβ molecules and/or destabilize the Aβ fibril by preventing conformational changes from α-helical to β-sheet rich structures. We demonstrate that cyclotides bind effectively and stably to different forms of Aβ structures via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. One of the conserved hydrophobic interface residues, Tyr10 was mutated to Ala and the impact of this virtual mutation was estimated by additional MD simulations for the wild-type (WT) and mutant protein-peptide complexes. A detailed MD simulation analyses revealed that cyclotides form hydrogen bonds with the toxic amyloid assemblies thereby weakening the inter-strand hydrogen bonds between the Aβ peptide. The φ-ѱ distribution map of residues in the cyclotide binding pocket that ideally adopt β-sheet conformation show deviation towards right-handed ɑ-helical (ɑR) conformation. This effect was similar to that observed for the Tyr10Ala mutant and doubly so, for the cyclotide bound form. It is therefore possible to hypothesise that the opening up of amyloid β-sheet is due to an unfolding process occurring in the Aβ caused by cyclotide binding and inhibition. Our current findings provide novel structural insights on the mode of interaction between cyclotides and Aβ fibrils and describe their anti-amyloid aggregation potential. This sheds light on the future of cyclotide-based drug design against protein aggregation, a hallmark event in many neurodegenerative diseases.
Association between descending pain modulatory system and cognitive impairment in fibromyalgia: A cross-sectional exploratory study

Background The successful regulation of sensory input to the central nervous system depends on the descending pain modulatory system (DPMS). For the effective regulation of sensory input to the central nervous system and behavioral responses to pain, the DPMS is required. Its connection to fibromyalgia (FM)-related cognitive dysfunction has not yet been investigated. Therefore, this study tested whether measures of verbal fluency, sustained attention, and short-term and working memory could distinguish FM patients from healthy controls (HC). Additionally, it investigated, using a standardized paradigm, the link between cognitive ability and the function of the DPMS in responders and non-responders to the conditioned pain modulation test (CPM-test). Materials and methods We enrolled 21 HC women and 69 FM patients, all of whom ranged in age from 30 to 65. We employed scores from the Trail Making Test (TMTB-A) (sustained and divided attention), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) (orthographic and semantic fluency), and the Digits subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) as dependent variables. Results A generalized linear model (GLM) adjusted by educational level revealed significantly lower scores in FM than HC on the Span digits forward, COWAT-orthographic, and TMTB-A. For FM patients, multilevel MANCOVA revealed that the cognitive performance of non-responders compared to responders to CPM-test showed lower adjusted scores in Span digits forward (Partial-η2 = 0.358, P = 0.001), Span digits backward (Partial-η2 = 0.358, P = 0.001), COWAT-orthographic (Partial-η2 = 0.551, P = 0.001), COWAR-semantic (Partial-η2 = 0.355, P = 0.001), and TMTB-A (Partial-η2 = 0.360, P = 0.001). The association between the cognitive tests and the DPMS is moderated by the serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Additionally, these cognitive assessments had a positive correlation with antidepressant use and pain threshold. The cognitive assessments, on the other hand, were conversely associated with a life of quality. Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be shown that HC performed substantially better on cognitive exams than FM did. They demonstrated a link between clinical complaints about attention and memory and decreased DPMS effectiveness. Additionally, they demonstrated that the BDNF is a moderating element in a potential relationship between the severity of cognitive impairment and DPMS dysfunction.
2D modelling of pulsating stars with rapid rotation

Rapid stellar rotation is an important phenomenon in stellar physics, particularly for massive and intermediate mass main-sequence stars. This affects all aspects of the star’s physics including its structure, evolution, and pulsations, and makes it necessary to use 2D numerical approaches rather than the 1D approaches typically used. In this contribution, we will review 2D numerical methods for modelling and interpreting pulsation modes in rapidly rotating stars. We will start by deriving the pulsation equations, both in an adiabatic and non-adiabatic setting, then provide a description of the 2D numerical implementation. We will then explain approximate implementations of the effects of rotation, namely first, second, and third order perturbative approaches, as well as the traditional approximation. This will then be followed by a description on how to calculate disk-integrated mode visibilities in various photometric bands, and how to apply this to mode identification in rapid rotators. Finally, we will review some of the recent works that interpret the pulsation spectra of various stars as viewed in either a single photometric band or in multiple bands, and including supplementary constraints from interferometry and spectroscopy.
Sedimentary records and chronology of the late Pleistocene overbank flooding in the Yellow River source area, NE Tibetan Plateau

Paleohydrological investigations were carried out in the Yellow River source area on the northeast (NE) Tibetan Plateau. During our fieldwork investigations, two units of overbank flood deposits (OFD) were found in the Maqu-Kesheng reach. These OFD units were studied using a multi-index approach, including magnetic susceptibility, hygroscopic water, grain size distribution and micro-morphological features. It can be inferred that they have recorded two episodes of overbank flooding of the Yellow River. Using the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS 14C dating techniques, the first episode was dated to 34,680 ± 1880-29000 ± 1790 a and correlated with the late Marine Isotope Stage 3a (MIS 3a) with a warm and wet climate. The second episode occurred at 16,500 ± 1,250-14000 ± 1,280 a, which is coincided with the Bølling-Allerød warm stage during the last deglaciation, a period of coexisting global warming and rapidly shrinking ice sheets. At these two periods, the water was mainly derived from the accelerated melting of mountain glaciers surrounding the basin and/or the large-scale precipitation, which led to the overbank flooding events. At the same time, the related overbank flood deposits were interbedded within glacial outwash/flashflood deposits in the valley bottom of the Yellow River, which intensified the valley aggradation. These results are of great significance in enriching the paleoflood records in the Yellow River source area, recognizing the effect of river system on the development of valley landform, as well as understanding the hydro-climatic response of the Tibetan Plateau to global climate warming occurring presently.
Clause Attention based on Signal Words Division

Clause Attention (CA) is very important for long sentences processing. We build and label datasets for signal word training. According to the position of signal word, the long sentences are divided into clauses which are assigned to additional block attention. The original sentence is mapped and fed into the shared encoder to learn the extraneous representation of words in its clause sentences. We use attention with prior to balance global attention with lo-cal attention. It improves the quality of long sentence processing in NER and NMT task.
Knowledge Enhanced Embedding: Improve Model Generalization Through Knowledge Graphs

Pre-trained language models have achieved ex-001 cellent results in NLP and NLI, and since the 002 birth of Bert, various new types of Bert have 003 emerged.They are able to grasp the ubiquitous 004 linguistic representational information from 005 large-scale corpora in different ways, but when 006 reading texts, it is difficult for them to combine 007 and use external knowledge to make inferences 008 about other meanings that the text may con-009 tain, as people do.To this end, we propose a 010 linguistic model (K2E-BERT) capable of sim-011 ply incorporating external knowledge, which 012 fuses information from the knowledge graph 013 (triad) with the entity information in the orig-014 inal text.In order to better integrate external 015 knowledge into the original text without let-016 ting it deviate from the original meaning of the 017 sentence, we propose a method called EaKA 018 (Entity and Knowledge Align), which can bet-019 ter distance and combine entities and knowl-020 edge so that the model can accept new external 021 knowledge without losing the meaning of the 022 original sentence; additionally, we can easily 023 and beyond Bert without changing the internal 024 structure of Bert, we can easily and go beyond 025 the results of BERT, which shows that our ap-026 proach is feasible.After our experiments, we 027 found good results in several NLP tasks we 028 selected, which indicated that K2E-BERT eas-029 ily surpassed BERT in generalization ability, 030 proving its effectiveness. 031
Damping in high-frequency metallic nanomechanical resonators

We have studied damping in polycrystalline Al nanomechanical resonators by measuring the temperature dependence of their resonance frequency and quality factor over a temperature range of 0.1-4 K. Two regimes are clearly distinguished with a crossover temperature of 1 K. Below 1 K we observe a logarithmic temperature dependence of the frequency and linear dependence of damping that cannot be explained by the existing standard models. We attribute these phenomena to the effect of the two-level systems characterized by the unexpectedly long (at least two orders of magnitude longer) relaxation times and discuss possible microscopic models for such systems. We conclude that the dynamics of the two-level systems is dominated by their interaction with one-dimensional phonon modes of the resonators.