Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Using Probabilistic Proposal Network

Forecasting multiple pedestrian trajectories is a challenging task for real-world applications, as the motion patterns of pedestrian are essentially stochastic and uncertain. Previous works have demonstrated that predicting diverse goals in advance can effectively improve the performance of pedestrian trajectory prediction. However, these methods are either unable to perform probabilistic and high-efficiency trajectory prediction, or mainly rely on the predefined template trajectories which are not high-performance and insufficient to represent the possible pedestrian behaviors. In this paper, we propose a new Probabilistic Proposal Network (PPNet) to concentrate on the generation of goals and the utilization of goal guidance. PPNet firstly generates multiple weighted goals based on the diverse latent intentions automatically obtained by unsupervised learning, and then designs the goal-conditioned Transformer networks to predict probabilistic proposals as the final trajectories. Extensive experimental results on ETH/UCY datasets and Stanford Drone Dataset indicate that PPNet achieves both state-of-the-art performance and high efficiency on pedestrian trajectory prediction.
Tuning of background error statistics through sensitivity experiments and its impact on typhoon forecast

Abstract. Background error covariance (B) matrix is critical for variational data assimilation as it greatly affects the analyses of three-dimensional variational assimilation. The National Meteorological Center method was used to estimate the B matrix using the forecasts from the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting regional model. To further understand and evaluate the newly generated regional B matrix, its characteristics were compared with the global B estimated from the Global Forecast System model. Sensitivity experiments were undertaken by changing the horizontal length-scales and standard deviations of the B matrix, and its impacts on the typhoon forecast were also examined. Verification against radiosonde observations showed that the varying horizontal length-scale has a significant positive impact on the 24-h forecast of temperature, specific humidity, u-wind, and v-wind. On the other hand, changing standard deviations of the B matrix has a slight influence only on the specific humidity and wind (u-component) forecast. Compared with the global B, the tuned regional B showed improvements in temperature forecasts. In addition, using the tuned regional B also led to a positive impact on the typhoon (Saola, Damrey, and Haikui) track forecasts as compared with the untuned B and global B.
PENGARUH ARUS KAS OPERASI, PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN, LEVERAGE DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP KONSERVATISME AKUNTANSI

The principle of conservatism assumes that when choosing between two or more generally accepted accounting techniques, a preference is shown for the choice that has the least favorable impact on shareholder equity. This study attempts to determine the impact of operating cash flow, company growth, leverage, and profitability on accounting conservatism. The population in this study were 52 companies in the consumer goods industry sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014 to 2018. Sample selection was using purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 36 companies. This type of research is quantitative research. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis, F test, and t test. The test was carried out using the SPSS 22 program. The partial test results show that operating cash flow, company growth, and profitability partially have a positive impact on accounting conservatism, but leverage has no impact on accounting conservatism.
Two New Species and a New Record of Microdochium from Grasses in Yunnan Province, South-West China

Microdochium species are frequently reported as phytopathogens on various plants and also as saprobic and soil-inhabiting organisms. As a pathogen, they mainly affect grasses and cereals, causing severe disease in economically valuable crops, resulting in reduced yield and, thus, economic loss. Numerous asexual Microdochium species have been described and reported as hyphomycetous. However, the sexual morph is not often found. The main purpose of this study was to describe and illustrate two new species and a new record of Microdochium based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses. Surveys of both asexual and sexual morph specimens were conducted from March to June 2021 in Yunnan Province, China. Here, we introduce Microdochium graminearum and M. shilinense, from dead herbaceous stems of grasses and report M. bolleyi as an endophyte of Setaria parviflora leaves. This study improves the understanding of Microdochium species on monocotyledonous flowering plants in East Asia. A summary of the morphological characteristics of the genus and detailed references are provided for use in future research.
Pattern-Reconfigurable Endfire Antenna Employing Magnetoelectric Dipoles

In this letter, a pattern-reconfigurable endfire antenna with enhanced gain and high front-to-back ratio (F/B) is proposed. A dielectric resonator (DR) excited in TE2δ1 is introduced to form the magnetic dipoles. Along with the metal dipole attached on the bottom surface of the DR, two pairs of magnetoelectric (ME) dipoles can be equivalently obtained. Benefiting from the two pairs of ME dipoles, the beam steering can be realized by changing the feeding method. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results indicates that the proposed antenna can provide three endfire beams with a peak gain of 8.9 dBi, and a F/B of more than 15 dB within the overlapped band from 4.72 to 5.35 GHz, which are in good agreement with simulation.
Modified Brinson model as an equivalent one-dimensional constitutive equation of SMA spring

Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) spring has great potential as a component of compact actuating system. Trade-off between recovery force and deformation range due to phase transformation is possible through the control of spring design parameters such as spring diameter. Deformation behavior of SMA spring is complicated function in three-dimensional space because its behavior is a combination of torsion, bending and stretching action. Therefore, three dimensional analysis of SMA spring is the most accurate simulation procedure. In this paper, modified one-dimensional Brinson model for SMA spring is proposed for more efficient and accurate simulation. In addition, numerical simulation of SMA spring is validated by comparing it with the results of experiment.
On the formation and evolution of plasmoids: A survey of ISEE 3 geotail data

ISEE 3 magnetometer and electron plasma measurements from the 1983 Geotail Mission were surveyed to determine the magnetic and plasma properties of plasmoids and their evolution with distance downtail. Events were selected on the basis of a bipolar magnetic signature in either the geocentric solar magnetospheric Bz and/or By component; most had Bz bipolar signatures. We found 366 events consistent with this signature while ISEE 3 was in the plasma sheet. ISEE 3 observed plasmoids all along its trajectory whenever it was in the plasma sheet. Plasmoids are characterized by high-speed plasma flow. Plasmoid length was determined using both the magnetometer and the electron plasma velocity data. We found the average length of plasmoids is 16.7 ± 13.0 RE, significantly smaller than previous estimates. Many plasmoids have a well-defined magnetic core field, characterized by a field strength maximum at the center of the pass through the structure. Plasmoids appear to be relatively stable structures once their formation process is complete. The size, velocity, magnetic core strength, and Bz field amplitude of plasmoids do not depend on distance beyond 100 RE downtail. The average electron temperature inside plasmoids drops by a factor of 2 and the electron density increases by a factor of 2 as plasmoids propagate from near Earth distances (within 100 RE of the Earth) to the deep tail. We conclude that the stable size of the plasmoids, the density increase and the temperature decrease are consistent with a flux of cold electrons into the plasmoid. The strong correlation of interplanetary magnetic field By an hour before the event with the strength and direction of By observed inside plasmoids, the existence of events with the bipolar signature in both the By and Bz components, and the possible mass flux all are consistent with plasmoids being “open” magnetic structures.
Age-Dependent Impact of Concomitant Radio-Chemotherapy and MGMT Promotor Methylation on PFS and OS in Patients with IDH Wild-Type Glioblastoma: The Real-Life Data

Simple Summary Nowadays: biological but not chronological age and performance have more influence on decision making by patients with malignant brain tissue tumors. We showed how more aggressive therapy results in the increased life expectancy of older patients with this disease in real life. More than half of all patients with these tumors were older than 65 years of age. Even if survival was shorter than in the younger patients, aggressive radio-chemotherapy after the surgery also provided additional time for seniors. In real life, genetically favorable features of the tumor had a positive influence on survival only if more aggressive therapy was applied. Abstract Biological but not chronological age plus performance have more impact on decision making in glioblastoma patients. We investigated how progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in older patients with IDH wild-type glioblastoma were influenced by concomitant radio-chemotherapy and MGMT promotor methylation status in real-life settings. In total, 142 out of 273 (52%) evaluated patients were older than 65 years, and 77 (55%) of them received concomitant radio-chemotherapy. In senior patients, the initiation of concomitant radio-chemotherapy was associated with significantly better PFS: 15.3 months (CI95: 11.7–18.9) vs. 7.0 months (CI95: 4.3–9.6; p = 0.002). The favorable influence on PFS was not related to MGMT promotor methylation status as it was in the younger cohort. In seniors, concomitant radio-chemotherapy was related to significantly better OS: 20.0 months (CI95: 14.3–26.7) vs. 4.9 months (CI95: 3.5–6.2), p < 0.001. MGMT promotor methylation was related to a more favorable OS only, if concomitant radio-chemotherapy was initiated. In conclusion, more than half of the glioblastoma cohort was older than 65 years of age. Even if PFS and OS were shorter than in the younger cohort, concomitant radio-chemotherapy provided a survival advantage. In real life, MGMT promotor methylation had a positive impact on OS only if the adjuvant therapy was applied.
Channel strategies for competing retailers under supplier selection

Abstract In this paper, we examine competing retailers’ choice of channel strategies (multichannel strategy M or omnichannel strategy O) under supplier selection in a supply chain consisting of two suppliers and two retailers. The results show that whether a retailer will adopt O strategy depends on the efficacy of O strategy for the product it sells and a higher level of competition discourages the retailers from adopting O strategy. Moreover, the retailers apply different channel strategies only if they select different suppliers. If they sell different products, intense competition may benefit one of the two retailers. The most interesting result is that, the two retailers may face prisoner’s dilemma twice. For the retailers’ decisions of supplier selection, when the unit overall cost of one product is sufficiently larger than that of the other product, there exists a prisoner’s dilemma where both retailers sell the product with lower profitability in equilibrium, but they will be better off if they both select the product with higher profitability. For the retailers’ choice of channel strategy, if the efficacy of O strategy is moderate, both retailers will use M strategy in equilibrium, but their profits will be higher if they both use O strategy.
Three-dimensional refractive index reconstruction of red blood cells with one-dimensional moving based on local plane wave approximation

To simplify the reconstruction optical system, an improved method is developed to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) quantitative refractive index of live cells based on a local plane wave approximation. In this method, the cell is illuminated by a convergent beam whose cross section is much larger than the cell, so the beam passing through the cell can be treated as a local plane wave. With the one-dimensional moving of cells in the beam cross section, multi-directional phase projections can be obtained using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and the Hilbert transform phase retrieval algorithm. An inverse Radon–Radon iterative algorithm is used to reconstruct the 3D refractive index distribution which is verified by a simulation reconstruction. The corresponding set-up is applied to obtain the multi-directional phase projections and reconstruct the 3D refractive index of red blood cells (RBCs). The results show that only with a simple device could the method measure the 3D refractive index of cells with high precision. The reconstruction method could also be applied in opto-fluidic microscopy to fabricate a compact on-chip opto-fluidic tomographic microscope.
Common and Specific Marks of Different Tau Strains Following Intra-Hippocampal Injection of AD, PiD, and GGT Inoculum in hTau Transgenic Mice

Heterozygous hTau mice were used for the study of tau seeding. These mice express the six human tau isoforms, with a high predominance of 3Rtau over 4Rtau. The following groups were assessed: (i) non-inoculated mice aged 9 months (n = 4); (ii) Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-inoculated mice (n = 4); (iii) Globular Glial Tauopathy (GGT)-inoculated mice (n = 4); (iv) Pick’s disease (PiD)-inoculated mice (n = 4); (v) control-inoculated mice (n = 4); and (vi) inoculated with vehicle alone (n = 2). AD-inoculated mice showed AT8-immunoreactive neuronal pre-tangles, granular aggregates, and dots in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus (DG), and hilus, and threads and dots in the ipsilateral corpus callosum. GGT-inoculated mice showed unique or multiple AT8-immunoreactive globular deposits in neurons, occasionally extended to the proximal dendrites. PiD-inoculated mice showed a few loose pre-tangles in the CA1 region, DG, and cerebral cortex near the injection site. Coiled bodies were formed in the corpus callosum in AD-inoculated mice, but GGT-inoculated mice lacked globular glial inclusions. Tau deposits in inoculated mice co-localized active kinases p38-P and SAPK/JNK-P, thus suggesting active phosphorylation of the host tau. Tau deposits were absent in hTau mice inoculated with control homogenates and vehicle alone. Deposits in AD-inoculated hTau mice contained 3Rtau and 4Rtau; those in GGT-inoculated mice were mainly stained with anti-4Rtau antibodies, but a small number of deposits contained 3Rtau. Deposits in PiD-inoculated mice were stained with anti-3Rtau antibodies, but rare neuronal, thread-like, and dot-like deposits showed 4Rtau immunoreactivity. These findings show that tau strains produce different patterns of active neuronal seeding, which also depend on the host tau. Unexpected 3Rtau and 4Rtau deposits after inoculation of homogenates from 4R and 3R tauopathies, respectively, suggests the regulation of exon 10 splicing of the host tau during the process of seeding, thus modulating the plasticity of the cytoskeleton.
Asymptotic Behavior of Stekloff Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions

We consider solutions $u_n (x,y)$ of Laplace’s equation which are regular in the interior of a smooth closed plane curve c, and the boundary conditions $\partial u_n /\partial v = \lambda _n gu_n $, where g is sufficiently smooth, positive, periodic and a prescribed function of arclength, and $u_n $, $\lambda _n $ are eigenfunctions and eigenvalues to be determined. For large $\lambda _n $ we show that $\lambda _n = O(n)$, n a large integer, and that $u_n $ is trigonometric, asymptotically. The method employed is the reduction of the problem to a boundary integral equation and the studying of that equation. The results are confirmed in a separable case which arises by a special choice of $g(s)$ and the curve c.
Capacitors Based on Polypyrrole Nanowire Electrodeposits

The electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole nanowires is carried out using potentiodynamic and galvanostatic methods in order to enhance the performance of the modified electrodes as capacitor devices. The electrochemical, spectroscopic, and morphological properties are determined through cyclic voltammetry, Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, corroborating the presence of PPy-nw in dimensions of 30 nm in diameter. Characterization as a capacitor revealed that the nanowire structure enhances key parameters such as specific capacitance with 60 times greater value than bulk polymer modification, in addition to a significant increase in stability. In this way, it is verified that electrodes modified with polypyrrole nanowires obtained in situ by electrochemical methods constitute an excellent candidate for the development of capacitors.
The legacy effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions

Existing studies suggest that biochar application can reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, mainly based on short‐term results. However, it remains unclear what the effects (i.e., legacy effects) and underlying mechanisms are on N2O emissions after many years of a single application of biochar. Here, we collected intact soil columns from plots without and with biochar application in a subtropical tea plantation 7 years ago for an incubation experiment. We used the N2O isotopocule analysis combined with ammonia oxidizer‐specific inhibitors and molecular biology approaches to investigate how the legacy effect of biochar affected soil N2O emissions. Results showed that the soil in the presence of biochar had lower N2O emissions than the control albeit statistically insignificant. The legacy effect of biochar in decreasing N2O emissions may be attributed to the reduced effectiveness of the soil substrate, nitrification and denitrification activities, and the promotion of the further reduction of N2O. The legacy effect of biochar reduced the relative contribution of nitrifier denitrification/bacterial denitrification, nitrification‐related N2O production, and the relative abundance of several microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle. Our global meta‐analysis also showed that the reduction of N2O by biochar increased with increasing application rate but diminished and possibly even reversed with increasing experimental time. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the abatement capacity of biochar on soil N2O emissions may weaken over time after biochar application, but this remains under further investigation.
Shikimate Kinase Plays Important Roles in Anthocyanin Synthesis in Petunia

In plants, the shikimate pathway is responsible for the production of aromatic amino acids L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, and L-tyrosine. L-Phenylalanine is the upstream substrate of flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis. Shikimate kinase (SK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of the C3 hydroxyl group of shikimate to produce 3-phosphate shikimate (S3P), the fifth step of the shikimate pathway. However, whether SK participates in flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis is unknown. This study characterized the single-copy PhSK gene in the petunia (Petunia hybrida) genome. PhSK was localized in chloroplasts. PhSK showed a high transcription level in corollas, especially in the coloring stage of flower buds. Suppression of PhSK changed flower color and shape, reduced the content of anthocyanins, and changed the flavonoid metabolome profile in petunia. Surprisingly, PhSK silencing caused a reduction in the shikimate, a substrate of PhSK. Further qPCR analysis showed that PhSK silencing resulted in a reduction in the mRNA level of PhDHQ/SDH, which encodes the protein catalyzing the third and fourth steps of the shikimate pathway, showing a feedback regulation mechanism of gene expression in the shikimate pathway.
Peran Digital Parenting Terhadap Penggunaan Gawai Anak SD

Digital parenting merupakan model pola pengasuhan anak yang disesuaikan dengan kebiasaan anak yang begitu akrab dengan perangkat digital. Prinsipnya, menanamkan sikap bijak berperilaku dalam pemanfaatan teknologi serta tetap menerapkan aturan agar anak tidak sampai kelewat batas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peran digital parenting terhadap penggunaan gawai anak SD. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quantiative method dimana pengumpulan data melalui penyebaran instrumen kepada orang tua siswa SD. Teknik analisis dimana data dianalisis dengan dideskripsikan dan ditampilkan dalam bentuk tabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tentang digital parenting, diperoleh hasil bahwa sebanyak 71 orang tua siswa dengan persentase 54% memiliki tingkat sedang dalam skor peran digital parenting terhadap siswa dan jumlah ini lebih banyak jika dibandingkan dengan jumlah siswa bertingkat rendah yaitu berjumlah 34 orang tua siswa dengan persentase 26% dan bertingkat tinggi yang berjumlah 27 orang tua siswa dengan persentase 20%. Tantangan untuk memaksimalkan potensi anak semakin berat saat anak memasuki era digital. Era digital menawarkan beragam kesempatan baru untuk mengembangkan diri, namun juga menyimpan ancaman. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi orang tua mengembangkan model pengasuhan yang bertujuan menghindarkan anak dari ancaman dan memaksimalkan potensi digital melalui digital parenting.
An unified approach to missile guidance laws: a 3D extension

Since the proportional navigation guidance law was first introduced, many of the researchers had proposed different methodologies to investigate the corresponding performances of all the existing guidance laws. In 1997, Yang and Yang introduced an unified approach, in that paper the authors found that under the proposed framework, all the existing guidance laws, namely TPN, IPN and PPN, are indeed special cases of the mentioned general guidance law. But their results were restricted to two dimensional space. In this paper, the author not only extends the results to three dimensional space, but also to GTPN, GIPN and PPN. Unlike conventional researchers, a modified polar coordinate (MPC) is adopted. It is shown that with the property of this modified polar coordinate, the number of differential equations required to describe the relative dynamics can be reduced from six to three, and all the terms of differential equations involve only products and additions of variables. For all the mentioned guidance laws in this paper, to describe the capture area we need only two transformed variables, while the third variable is required to provide the condition of finite turn rate.