Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Setting of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake

The 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake ruptured an imbricate thrust system in the Longmen Shan range, which forms the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau. We use seismic reflection data and surface geology to construct geologic cross sections and a three-dimensional (3D) fault model in the range front. The rupture was complex, with slip on both the steeply dipping Beichuan fault and the more shallowly dipping Pengguan fault, which appear to merge at depth. In contrast, only the Beichuan fault ruptured in the north, with the transition near a lateral fault offset. Thus, the earthquake involved multiple thrust splays and breached a significant segment boundary. To investigate the tectonic setting of the earthquake, we extend our previous measurements of crustal shortening (Hubbard and Shaw, 2009) into the interior of the range and show that shortening correlates with topography. This suggests that upper-crustal shortening can produce the high topography of the Longmen Shan without calling on other uplift mechanisms. Based on this understanding, we model the thrust belt as a critical taper wedge, to assess what rock and fault strengths are required to explain the topographic slopes within the range front and basin. The low taper within the basin is consistent with a weak detachment ( δ f ≈0.1), while a slightly stronger ( δ f ≈0.3–0.4) detachment is necessary to explain the higher taper of the range front. This difference may relate to the localization of the detachment within a Triassic evaporite sequence within the basin, while the faults beneath the range front are rooted in Precambrian metasedimentary or igneous rocks. Critical taper theory implies that shortening in the range front where the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred is many times greater than in the basin, consistent with our shortening measurements. We examine the implications of these findings for seismic hazard assessment in the region and in other active mountain belts around the world.
Superconducting quantum interference in semiconducting Josephson junctions

A topological superconductor is a new state of matter that attract a lot of interest for its potential application in quantum computers. However, there is no single material known to host this state of matter. In this thesis, combinations of superconductors and semiconductors are investigated experimentally with the goal to engineer such a topological superconductor. The materials chosen combine spin-orbit interaction, superconductivity and onedimensionality. Then, under influence of a magnetic field, the hybrid superconductor semiconductor system is predicted to become topological. First, the theoretical background of the experiments is presented, with special attention to the superconducting quantum interference in semiconducting Josephson junctions. In addition, a description of the different materials used and the fabrication of the devices, is provided. In the first experiment we explore hole transport through GeSi core-shell nanowires. Electronic measurements reveal two transport channels only, which underlines the onedimensionality of the nanowire. On top of that, high-quality induced superconductivity is observed in both the tunneling and open regime, and evidence for strong spin-orbit interaction is presented. Then, we switch materials to a two-dimensional electron and hole gas in an InAs/GaSb double quantum well. The spin-orbit interaction is studied by measuring the difference between the densities of electrons with opposite spin orientation. Two types of spin-orbit interaction are identified by tuning the magnitude of one of them, with an applied electric field. InAs quantum wells are known to exhibit enhanced conduction at their edges. We find supercurrent through these edges in Josephson junction devices using superconducting quantum interference measurements. The interference pattern reveals a flux periodicity of h/e. Interestingly, while this periodicity is observed in the trivial regime, it was considered a signature of topological superconductivity before. We argue and show that nonlocal processes lead to the h/e effect in our devices. The correlated occurence of enhanced edge conduction and the h/e periodicity is confirmed in Josephson junctions made of InSb flakes. The final experimental chapter considers a superconducting quantum interference device, fabricated in an InAs quantum well. This geometry allows for control of the superconducting phase difference of the Josephson junction, potentially reducing the magnetic field needed for the device to become topological. Unfortunately, in the measurements we do not observe signatures of topological superconductivity. At last, we describe what device geometry and material combination could be used to do reach the topological regime. In addition, we discuss ideas for future research of the othermaterial systems used in this thesis.
Managerial Decision Making

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NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL THESIS

In the wake of the 1997-1998 Asian economic crisis, the leaders of East Asia came together to establish the ASEAN+3 forum; a forum to accommodate thirteen countries heterogeneous in nature with diverse political, economic, social and cultural backgrounds. Some political scientists interpreted the establishment of the ASEAN+3 as the emergence of a new form of regionalism. This new regionalism represents a clear break from the region’s strong history of multilateralism. The countries of East Asia have also been exploring ways of expanding intra-regional trade including the establishment of regional trade agreements (RTAs) such as the ASEAN+3, planning to establish an East Asia Free Trade Area (EAFTA) as well as negotiating bilateral trade agreements (BTAs). This thesis hypothesizes that the philosophy of Asian values and the 1997-1998 Asian economic crisis stimulated the creation of the ASEAN+3. It is important to understand this philosophy for it is likely to influence the ASEAN+3 in the future. The understanding of whether the Asian economic crisis spurred the creation of the ASEAN+3 is crucial to determine whether the ASEAN+3 will play an economic role in the region.
Black hole microstates with a new constituent

One interesting property of black holes is that they obey thermodynamic laws. The entropy of black holes is given by the area of the horizon and it is naturally expected to be understood from the statistical mechanical viewpoint. However there has not been many things known about black hole microstates in the gravity, even though their holographic understanding has been wellknown. In microstate geometry program which is a conjecture about black hole microstates, typical microstates are described as smooth and entropyless (i.e., horizonless) supergravity solutions which have the same mass, angular momentum, and charges as that of black holes. In this thesis, a new class of black hole microstates are suggested and studied in addition to the known microstate solutions and discussed in the context of microstate geometry program.
Introduction to the basics of entanglement theory in continuous-variable systems

We outline the basic questions that are being studied in any theory of entanglement. Following a brief review of some of the main achievements of entanglement theory for finite-dimensional systems such as qubits, we will then consider entanglement in infinite-dimensional systems. Asking for a theory of entanglement in such systems under experimentally feasible operations leads to the development of the theory of entanglement of Gaussian states. Results of this theory are presented and the tools that have been developed for this theory are then applied to a number of problems.
Responsible Tourism: Critical Issues for Conservation and Development

Foreword by UNWTO * Introduction: Responsible Tourism in Southern Africa * Part I: Policies, Institutional Interventions and Market Forces * Local Economic Development in Mozambique: An Assessment of the Implementation of Tourism Policy as a Means to Promote Local Economies * Ecotourism in Madagascar: How a Sleeping Beauty is Finally Awakening * Public-Private Partnerships in South African National Parks: The Rationale, Benefits and Lessons Learned * A Perspective on Community-based Tourism from South Africa: The TRANSFORM Programme, 1996-2007 * Responsible Tourism and the Tourism Industry: A Demand and Supply Perspective * The Development Impacts of Tourism Supply Chains: Increasing Impact on Poverty and Decreasing Our Ignorance * Part II: Responsible Nature-based Tourism * Impacts of Wildlife Tourism on Rural Livelihoods in Southern Africa * Tourism in Transfrontier Conservation Areas: The Kavango-Zambezi TFCA * The Realities of Ecotourism Development in Botswana * Citizen Participation in the Lodge Sector of the Okavango Delta * The Impacts of Tourism Initiatives on Rural Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction in South Africa: Mathenjwa and Mqobela * Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa - Investment and Employment * Part III: Community-based Tourism * Local Impacts of Community-based Tourism in Southern Africa * Livelihoods, Conservation and Community-based Tourism in Tanzania: Potential and Performance * The Unsustainability of Community Tourism Donor Projects: Lessons from Zambia * Community-based Tourism and Natural Resource Management in Namibia: Local and National Economic Impacts * Part IV: Conclusions * Implications of Responsible Tourism for Conservation and Development in Southern Africa * Index
Drought in Northern Bangladesh: Social, Agroecological Impact and Local Perception

The 1994, 2000 and 2006 drought appeared to bad memories in the northern region of Rangpur division, Bangladesh. The objective of this research was to explore social and agro-ecological impact of drought and local perception in the study area. A semi-structural questionnaire was employed from February to March, 2014 where 120 respondents were chosen stratified sampling to acquire information at drought prone area. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used as a main tool for purpose of the study. The results revealed that drought were adversely impacted on social and agro-ecology in the study area. Local perception depicted that drought is as a curse of God and the outcome of sin while some perceive are evaluated as human negligence and shortage of water. The study was also revealed that higher knowledge variability were belonging to group 3 and group 4 people. The descriptive and inferential statistics indicated that there was a significant correlation between literacy and occupation type with social and agro-ecological impact of drought. But, there were no significant relationship between age, household size and land ownership with social and agro-ecological impact of drought. It is suggested that if awareness and literacy level increases to diminish social and agro-ecological impact of drought in the study area.
Folding cartons with fixtures: a motion planning approach

Carton folding is a packaging operation performed by human operators or with fixed automation. We present a flexible method to fold cardboard cartons using fixtures. A carton blank is folded by moving it through a fixture with a robot. This method of using interchangeable fixtures enables rapid changeovers between product models. We outline a procedure to design a fixture given a carton and a folding sequence. We present an implemented motion planning algorithm that generates all folding sequences for a carton by modeling it as a many degree of freedom robot manipulator with revolute joints and branching links. A fixture constrains the carton to move along paths consisting of line segments in its configuration space, and the motion planner generates these paths. To illustrate the method, we selected a folding sequence for an example carton, designed a fixture, and demonstrated folding of the carton from blanks with an industrial robot.
An exploratory study of the experiences of gay, lesbian, and bisexual fraternity and sorority members revisited

The lead author questioned over 500 self-identified gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) fraternity and sorority members to assess their reasons for joining; how their membership affected their sexual identity development and intimate relationships; the degree of homophobia and heterosexism encountered; how sexual orientation affected the quality of their fraternal experiences; and the level of acceptance or rejection they faced. Many respondents were in the early phases of sexual identity development at the time they joined, and most chose to conceal their sexual orientation from their fellow members. This study details the reactions from fellow members, assesses satisfaction with the fraternity or sorority experience, and reports the level of involvement of GLB students in their fraternities or sororities. Virtually no formal research exists regarding gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) students who are or were members of college social fraternities and sororities. By choice or perceived necessity, most GLB fraternity and sorority members keep their sexual orientation hidden from their fellow members. The invisibility of the GLB population helps explain the dearth of research. This exploratory study was initiated because the primary researcher, a university student affairs professional who advises fraternities and sororities and an alumnus of a social fraternity, had questions regarding how the experiences of other gay fraternity members were similar to or different from his own. Regardless of how an individual behaves in other contexts of his/her life, every time he/she encounters a new person (outside specifically GLB settings), that other person will assume that the individual is heterosexual (heteronormality). The GLB person will thus have to decide once again whether to correct that assumption and deal with whatever reaction the other person might have or to let the assumption persist and thereby present himself or herself as a heterosexual in that encounter. D’Augelli (1994) pointed out that given the heteronormality that exists in U.S. society there are few visible appropriate socializing forces for young GLB people; therefore, much of their individual development is because of their own choices and actions. The terms available for the description of sexual identity have changed over time and hold different meanings for different people (Rust, 1996). Some gay and lesbian persons reject the label homosexual as too clinical a description. They prefer to describe themselves as gay because they see that term as an accurate description of their feelings and behaviors. Many people view the term queer as a decidedly political term that symbolizes a challenge to traditional category boundaries. For other people, however, the term is political and they reject the label because they do not share these politics.
Progesteron zur Prävention der Frühgeburt – ein Update evidenzbasierter Indikationen Progesterone for the Prevention of Preterm Birth – an Update of Evidence-Based Indications

The prevention and treatment of preterm birth remains one of the biggest challenges in obstetrics. Worldwide, 11% of all children are born prematurely with far-reaching consequences for the children concerned, their families and the health system. Experimental studies suggest that progesterone inhibits uterine contractions, stabilises the cervix and has immunomodulatory effects. Recent years have seen the pub* Die Autoren haben gleichermaßen beigetragen. 844 Kuon R-J et al. Progesteron zur Prävention. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2019; 79: 844–853 Su pp le m en ta ry M at er ia l – de ut sc hs pr ac hi ge Zu sa tz in fo rm at io n! Zi ti er ba r is t au ss ch lie ß lic h de r en gl is ch sp ra ch ig e A rt ik el . GebFra Science | Übersicht Published online: 12.08. 2019
Banana ethylene response factors are involved in fruit ripening through their interactions with ethylene biosynthesis genes

The involvement of ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factor (TF) in the transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthesis genes during fruit ripening remains largely unclear. In this study, 15 ERF genes, designated as MaERF1–MaERF15, were isolated and characterized from banana fruit. These MaERFs were classified into seven of the 12 known ERF families. Subcellular localization showed that MaERF proteins of five different subfamilies preferentially localized to the nucleus. The 15 MaERF genes displayed differential expression patterns and levels in peel and pulp of banana fruit, in association with four different ripening treatments caused by natural, ethylene-induced, 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)-delayed, and combined 1-MCP and ethylene treatments. MaERF9 was upregulated while MaERF11 was downregulated in peel and pulp of banana fruit during ripening or after treatment with ethylene. Furthermore, yeast-one hybrid (Y1H) and transient expression assays showed that the potential repressor MaERF11 bound to MaACS1 and MaACO1 promoters to suppress their activities and that MaERF9 activated MaACO1 promoter activity. Interestingly, protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that MaERF9 and -11 physically interacted with MaACO1. Taken together, these results suggest that MaERFs are involved in banana fruit ripening via transcriptional regulation of or interaction with ethylene biosynthesis genes.
Numerical simulations of the forced oscillation of a wire in Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids

Forced oscillations of a wire vibrating in Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids described by the Carreau model are studied numerically. Two-dimensional simulations were performed using a commercial finite element modeling software package. When subjected to a sinusoidal driving force, the wire exhibits resonant behavior that depends on the viscosity of the surrounding fluid. The simulations of the wire vibrating in a Newtonian fluid were extremely well described by the theory developed by Retsina et al. [“The theory of a vibrating-rod densimeter,” Appl. Sci. Res. 43, 127–158 (1986); “The theory of a vibrating-rod viscometer,” Appl. Sci. Res. 43, 325–346 (1987)]. Our simulations of a wire vibrating in a Carreau fluid also revealed resonant behavior, but the shear rate and viscosity in the fluid varied significantly in both space and time. The behavior of a wire vibrating in a Carreau fluid can be described by the Newtonian theory if the constant viscosity in that theory is set equal to the non-Newtonian fluid viscosity averaged spatially around the circumference of the wire and temporally over one period of oscillation.Forced oscillations of a wire vibrating in Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids described by the Carreau model are studied numerically. Two-dimensional simulations were performed using a commercial finite element modeling software package. When subjected to a sinusoidal driving force, the wire exhibits resonant behavior that depends on the viscosity of the surrounding fluid. The simulations of the wire vibrating in a Newtonian fluid were extremely well described by the theory developed by Retsina et al. [“The theory of a vibrating-rod densimeter,” Appl. Sci. Res. 43, 127–158 (1986); “The theory of a vibrating-rod viscometer,” Appl. Sci. Res. 43, 325–346 (1987)]. Our simulations of a wire vibrating in a Carreau fluid also revealed resonant behavior, but the shear rate and viscosity in the fluid varied significantly in both space and time. The behavior of a wire vibrating in a Carreau fluid can be described by the Newtonian theory if the constant viscosity in that theory is set equal to the non-Newtonian flu.
High precision and high speed of three-dimensional indoor localization system based on visible light communication using improved bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm

Abstract. Visible light positioning has a good application prospect because of its simultaneous lighting, convenience, and security. However, most existing visible light communication (VLC) positioning systems cannot achieve real three-dimensional (3-D) positioning but just the small range approximation or fail to provide satisfactory positioning precision and speed. We propose a 3-D indoor localization system based on VLC using improved bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm. The positioning problem is transformed into a global optimization problem. We reduce the dimensions of the positioning algorithm from 3-D to one-dimensional and propose a fitness function based on the simple geometric relationship between light-emitting diodes’ projection circles in the horizontal plane. In addition, we improve the traditional bacterial colony chemotaxis algorithm by adopting self-adaptive reception scope to improve global convergence and introducing differential evolution operator to overcome the algorithm premature. Our simulation results show that the mean positioning error is 0.73 mm in an indoor space of 5 m × 5 m × 6 m and the positioning time for a single point is 21.8 ms. Also, the positioning results show the advantages of the proposed positioning algorithm with high precision and high speed. The proposed positioning algorithm is practical and efficient, showing great application prospects in indoor positioning.
Why are people so unkind? Unravelling community responses to floodplain and emergency management (PowerPoint)

An increasingly important part of floodplain management and flood emergency management involves community consultation and education. In NSW, the floodplain risk management planning process requires community consultation. Community awareness and community readiness are response modification measures that should be considered in floodplain risk management according to the NSW Floodplain Development Manual. Emergency managers such as the NSW State Emergency Service are engaging with communities to attempt to raise flood preparedness levels and encourage appropriate responses to flood warnings including evacuation. However, research and experience shows that community responses to these initiatives are varied. For example, community interest in floodplain risk management plans can range from non-existent to overwhelming particularly when property values appear affected. Community preparedness levels can remain low even after a flood education campaign. People can remain at home even after evacuation orders are given. This paper draws on disaster-related psychological research and theory to provide an insight into why communities react in the way they do to floodplain and emergency management initiatives. The research includes that conducted by the Disaster Response and Resilience Research Group from the University of Western Sydney into a broad range of hazards. Based on learnings from this research, the paper examines threat perception, perceived coping and other psychological factors particularly relating to community flood preparedness. Using the psychological research presented, the paper reflects on current community floodrelated consultation and education processes used by emergency managers, consultants, state government agencies and local councils. It then offers several ways to improve the effectiveness of these processes.