Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safely managed sanitation practice and childhood stunting among under five years old children in Myanmar

In 2020, 149 million children under the age of five were estimated to be stunted globally. Around half of deaths among children under 5 years of age are related to under-nutrition. Objective of this study is to determine the association between safely managed sanitation and childhood stunting among under-five years old children in Myanmar. This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 16 townships across three regions and five states in Myanmar. Multiple logistic regressions analysis was performed to determine the associations. This study found that 327 (27.09%) under-five children were stunted among a total of 1207 children in Myanmar. Children with unsafely managed sanitation were 2.88 times more likely to be stunting compared with children who access to safely managed sanitation services (AOR=2.88, 95% CI: 2.16 to 3.85; p-value <0.01). Other associated factors for childhood stunting were needs 1-15 minutes for water collection (AOR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.46 to 2.94; p-value <0.01), 15-60 minutes for water collection times (AOR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.23; p-value 0.02), unproper waste water disposal (AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.70; p-value <0.01), boys children (AOR=4.49, 95% CI: 3.30 to 6.12; p-value <0.01), did not take vitamin A supplements(AOR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.22 to 2.20; p-value <0.01), mothers height shorter than 153.4cm (AOR=1.94, 95% CI: 1.45 to 2.58; p-value <0.01), and the lower minimal diet diversity (AOR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.87; p-value 0.02). More access to safely managed sanitation facilities, technical sharing for proper waste water disposal, promoting household water supply system, health promotion for children's diet eating pattern, and regular support for Vitamin A supplementation are critical to reduce childhood stunting among children under the age of five in Myanmar.
Impact of watershed development programmes on productivity and efficiency of crops in Rajasthan.

Watershed development (WSD) programmes have been reckoned as an instrument to bring the second-generation Green Revolution through, increasing productivity in rainfed areas. The present study examined the productivity gains and the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies in cultivation of two major rainfed crops i.e., wheat and pearl millet at farms within and outside watershed projects. It was found that implementation of WSD programmes led to significant gain in productivity of all the crops. However, farmers opted for more water intensive crops without adopting water saving technologies of irrigation, which could be counter productive. The technical efficiency for wheat was found to be more within watershed villages (0.83) than in non-watershed village (0.47). The allocative efficiency was also found to be higher within watershed (0.63) than outside watershed (0.49). Since economic efficiency is a product of the two, it was concluded that wheat farmers within watershed were economically more efficient (0.52) than their counterparts outside watershed (0.22). In case of pearl millet, no significant difference was observed in technical efficiencies between the two regions. However, farmers outside the watershed area were found to be allocatively more efficient (0.71) than their counterparts within the project (0.51). This was due to the fact that the scarcity of water makes farmers adopt a strategy that minimises risk rather than maximises production. Educational level of farmers was the most significant variable influencing technical efficiency in case of wheat. Allocative efficiency was found to be affected by farmers’ access to credit, distance of the market and extension contact. Hence, it was concluded that provision of better education and training, greater credit access, providing linkages between production and marketing and providing farmers technical and market information through better extension services would lead to a greater level of economic efficiency.
Prevalence and Treatment Utilization of Patients Diagnosed with Depression and Anxiety Disorders Based on Kentucky Medicaid 2012–2019 Datasets

Objectives: To examine the prevalence and treatment utilization of patients diagnosed with Depression and Anxiety Disorders (DAD) based on Kentucky Medicaid 2012–2019 datasets. Methods: The study was based on Kentucky Medicaid claims data from 2012 through 2019 for patients 14 years and older. We constructed yearly patient-level databases using ICD_9 CM and ICD_10 CM codes to identify the patients with DAD, using the Current Procedure Terminology (CPT) codes to identify individual psychotherapy and group psychotherapy and using the National drug codes to categorize pharmacotherapy. Based on these data, we constructed summary tables that reflected the trends in prevalence of DAD across eight Kentucky Medicaid regions and for different demographic subgroups. Next, we implemented logistic regression on the constructed yearly patient-level data to formally assess the impact of risk factors and treatments on the prevalence of DAD. The potential risk factors included age, gender, race/ethnicity, geographic characteristics, comorbidities such as alcohol use disorder and tobacco use. Results: The prevalence of DAD increased from 30.84% in 2012 to 36.04% in 2019. The prevalence of DAD was significantly higher in patients with the following characteristics: non-Hispanic white, females, aged between 45 and 54 years old, living in rural areas, having alcohol use disorder, and using tobaccos. Other than 2013, the utilization of pharmacotherapy maintained at about 62%. The utilization of psychotherapy increased over years from 24.4% in 2012 to 36.5% in 2019. Overall, the utilization of any treatment slightly increased from 70.9% in 2012 to 73.3% in 2019 except a drastic decline in 2013 due to the reduction of benzodiazepine prescription. Patients being whites, females, and living in rural areas were more likely to use pharmacotherapy, and patients living in rural areas were less likely to use psychotherapy than those residing in urban areas. Conclusion: The prevalence of DAD has increased over time from 2012 to 2019. The utilization of pharmacotherapy maintained at 62% over eight years except 2013, and the utilization of psychotherapy has steadily increased over time.
Persistent pain management in an oncology population through pain neuroscience education, a multimodal program: PaiNEd randomized clinical trial protocol

Introduction Pain is one of the most persistent symptoms after cancer treatment. The central nervous system can erroneously stay in its alarm phase, altering the pain experience of patients who have cancer. Pain neuroscience education (PNE) with multimodal approaches may benefit these patients. Objective This protocol aims to determine the effectiveness of a PNE tool on pain, physical function and quality of life, as a supplement to a multimodal rehabilitation (MR) program in patients who had breast cancer (BC). Methods An 8-week double-blinded randomized controlled trial will be conducted, including 72 participants who had BC and who have persistent pain, randomized into three groups: PNE program + MR program, traditional biomedical information + MR program and control group. The PNE program will include educational content that participants will learn through a mobile app and the MR program will include a concurrent exercise program and manual therapy. The primary outcome will be the perceived pain assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale and secondary outcomes are others related to pain, physical function and quality of life. All outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, at the end of the intervention and 6 months after the end of intervention. Discussion The proposed study may help BC patients with persistent pain improve their pain experience, quality of life and provide for more adaptive pain-coping strategies. This protocol could propose an action guide to implement different integral approaches for the treatment of sequelae. This treatment option could be offered to this patient profile and it could be easily implemented in the healthcare systems due to its low costs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04877860. (February18, 2022).
Taxicabs for Improved Urban Mobility: Are We Missing an Opportunity?

Taxi services are critical aspects of urban transportation systems. Taxicabs serve the public in a variety of ways, from metered fares to informal jitneys, and provide critical mobility for people of all income levels. Despite the ubiquity of taxi service in cities, there is limited scholarly research that explores how people use taxi service to support transit-oriented lifestyles and enhance mobility, and there is scant research exploring the complementary aspects of taxi service for conventional transit. In this paper the authors argue that taxi service is a critical aspect of a transit system, and taxi usage exhibits complementary characteristics to conventional transit. Specifically, taxi usage is asymmetrical where origins and destinations have very different spatial distributions. This suggests that taxi riders have multi-modal travel journeys. In many cases taxi trips are part of journeys that began with transit trips, yet planning and expanding taxi service as an extension of transit networks is rarely undertaken in practice. The authors use regulatory and Geographic Positioning System (GPS) data from New York City as a case to demonstrate the asymmetrical nature of taxi usage and innovative regulatory approaches that foster high rates of taxi usage that complement transit ridership.
The 24th annual Nucleic Acids Research database issue: a look back and upcoming changes

Abstract This year's Database Issue of Nucleic Acids Research contains 152 papers that include descriptions of 54 new databases and update papers on 98 databases, of which 16 have not been previously featured in NAR. As always, these databases cover a broad range of molecular biology subjects, including genome structure, gene expression and its regulation, proteins, protein domains, and protein–protein interactions. Following the recent trend, an increasing number of new and established databases deal with the issues of human health, from cancer-causing mutations to drugs and drug targets. In accordance with this trend, three recently compiled databases that have been selected by NAR reviewers and editors as ‘breakthrough’ contributions, denovo-db, the Monarch Initiative, and Open Targets, cover human de novo gene variants, disease-related phenotypes in model organisms, and a bioinformatics platform for therapeutic target identification and validation, respectively. We expect these databases to attract the attention of numerous researchers working in various areas of genetics and genomics. Looking back at the past 12 years, we present here the ‘golden set’ of databases that have consistently served as authoritative, comprehensive, and convenient data resources widely used by the entire community and offer some lessons on what makes a successful database. The Database Issue is freely available online at the https://academic.oup. com/nar web site. An updated version of the NAR Molecular Biology Database Collection is available at http://www.oxfordjournals. org/nar/database/a/.
Recurrent Cerebral Infarction Due to Moyamoya Disease Complicated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Introduction: We report a rare case of moyamoya disease caused by an RNF213 mutation, complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Case Report: A 32-year-old woman experienced 4 cerebral ischemia stroke events within 6 months. The main symptom was left limb weakness with blurred vision in the right eye. Results of digital subtraction angiography conducted at another hospital were consistent with moyamoya disease. On genetic testing, we found that the patient carried 2 mutations in the moyamoya disease-related gene RNF213 (p.R4810K, p.T1727M). On the basis of the laboratory immunologic indicators, such as positive antibodies and abnormal immunoglobulin levels and imaging examinations, the patient was finally diagnosed as moyamoya disease complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus. She was treated with aspirin, butylphthalide, urinary kallidinogenase, and sodium methylprednisolone. Conclusions: This was a 32-year-old young patient diagnosed with moyamoya disease carrying RNF213 gene mutation and accompanied by lupus with cerebral ischemic event as the first occurrence. The patient’s condition was complex; therefore, comprehensive analysis and in-depth consideration were needed to avoid a missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. When the primary disease cannot be identified, genetic testing can help to clarify the diagnosis of moyamoya disease.
Immunomodulatory effect of glabridin in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma and its comparison with methylprednisolone in a preclinical rodent model

Glabridin, a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) roots, has shown anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study sought to investigate glabridin's immunomodulatory effect in ovalbumin induced allergic asthma. Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as a control group. Asthma was induced in groups II– IV. Groups III and IV were treated with glabridin (40 mg/kg) and methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg), respectively. Inflammatory cells counts were determined in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Serum IgE levels and levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in lung homogenate were measured. The levels of mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory, anti‐inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were analysed. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and acute toxicity of glabridin were also checked. Glabridin significantly decreased inflammatory cells in the blood and BALF. It increased the concentration of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Glabridin markedly decreased serum IgE levels and DTH when compared to asthmatic rats. It significantly alleviated the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐4, IL‐5, CXCL1, iNOS, and NF‐κB. Administering 10 times the therapeutic dose of glabridin did not show any signs of acute toxicity. Findings suggest that glabridin has the potential to ameliorate allergic asthma and its effects are comparable to those of methylprednisolone. The immunomodulatory effect of glabridin might be contributed by the suppression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress markers, IgE antibodies, and elevation of antioxidant enzymes, suggesting future study and clinical trials to propose it as a candidate to treat allergic asthma.
Integrative Oncology Care of Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Adults With Cancer: Society for Integrative Oncology–ASCO Guideline

PURPOSE To provide evidence-based recommendations to health care providers on integrative approaches to managing anxiety and depression symptoms in adults living with cancer. METHODS The Society for Integrative Oncology and ASCO convened an expert panel of integrative oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgical oncology, palliative oncology, social sciences, mind-body medicine, nursing, methodology, and patient advocacy representatives. The literature search included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials published from 1990 through 2023. Outcomes of interest included anxiety or depression symptoms as measured by validated psychometric tools, and adverse events. Expert panel members used this evidence and informal consensus with the Guidelines into Decision Support methodology to develop evidence-based guideline recommendations. RESULTS The literature search identified 110 relevant studies (30 systematic reviews and 80 randomized controlled trials) to inform the evidence base for this guideline. RECOMMENDATIONS Recommendations were made for mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), yoga, relaxation, music therapy, reflexology, and aromatherapy (using inhalation) for treating symptoms of anxiety during active treatment; and MBIs, yoga, acupuncture, tai chi and/or qigong, and reflexology for treating anxiety symptoms after cancer treatment. For depression symptoms, MBIs, yoga, music therapy, relaxation, and reflexology were recommended during treatment, and MBIs, yoga, and tai chi and/or qigong were recommended post-treatment. DISCUSSION Issues of patient-health care provider communication, health disparities, comorbid medical conditions, cost implications, guideline implementation, provider training and credentialing, and quality assurance of natural health products are discussed. While several approaches such as MBIs and yoga appear effective, limitations of the evidence base including assessment of risk of bias, nonstandardization of therapies, lack of diversity in study samples, and lack of active control conditions as well as future research directions are discussed. Additional information is available at www.asco. org/survivorship-guidelines.
Preclinical efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of PHH-1V, a second-generation COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on a novel recombinant RBD fusion heterodimer of SARS-CoV-2

Since the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 became available in January 2020, new vaccines have been developed at an unprecedented speed. The current vaccines have been directly associated with a decline in new infection rates, prevention of severe disease and an outstanding decrease in mortality rates. However, the pandemic is still far from being over. New Variants of Concern (VoCs) are continuously evolving. Thus, it is essential to develop accessible second-generation COVID-19 vaccines against known and future VoCs to mitigate the current pandemic. Here, we provide preclinical data showing the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety results in mice of a receptor-binding domain (RBD)-based recombinant protein vaccine candidate (PHH-1V) which consists of a novel RBD fusion heterodimer containing the B.1. 1.7 (alpha) and B.1. 351 (beta) variants of SARS-CoV-2, formulated with an oil-based adjuvant equivalent to MF59C.1. BALB/c and K18-hACE2 mice were immunized with different doses of recombinant RBD fusion heterodimer, following a two-dose prime-and-boost schedule. Upon 20 g RBD fusion heterodimer/dose immunization, BALB/c mice produced RBD-binding antibodies with neutralising activity against the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants. Furthermore, vaccination elicited robust activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with early expression of Th1 cytokines upon in vitro restimulation, along with a good tolerability profile. Importantly, vaccination with 10 g or 20 g RBD fusion heterodimer/dose conferred 100% efficacy preventing mortality and bodyweight loss upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge in K18-hACE2 mice. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of this novel recombinant vaccine strategy, allowing the inclusion of up to 2 different RBD proteins in the same vaccine. Most importantly, this new platform is easy to adapt to future VoCs and has a good stability profile, thus ensuring its global distribution.
Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-mediated regulation of the Bcl-2 family: effects and therapeutic approaches

Proteasomal degradation of proteins represents an important regulatory mechanism in maintaining healthy homeostasis in cells. Deregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system is associated with various diseases as it controls protein abundance and turnover in cells. Furthermore, proteasomal regulation of protein turnover rate can determine a cell’s response to external stimuli. The Bcl-2 family of proteins is an important group of proteins involved in mediating cell survival or cell death in response to external stimuli. Aberrant overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins or deletion of pro-apoptotic proteins can lead to the development of cancer. Unsurprisingly, proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 proteins also serves as an important factor regulating the level of Bcl-2 proteins and thereby affecting the functional outcome of cell death. This review aims to highlight the regulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins with particular emphasis on proteasomal-mediated degradation pathways and the current literature on the therapeutic approaches targeting the proteasome system.
Rock Physics Interpretation of P-wave Q and Velocity Structure, Geology, Fluids and Fractures at the Southeast Portion of The Geysers Geothermal Reservoir

We examine how quantitative rock physics models, such as effective medium theories, can improve the interpretation of seismic parameters and material and fluid properties at The Geysers. We use effective medium theories to estimate effects of fractures on velocities for The Geysers rocks. We compare theoretical velocity estimates to laboratory measurements from the literature and our seismic velocity values from 1992 earthquake data. We approximate the reservoir as being homogeneous in mineral composition, with a constant density of fractures whose total void ratio is reduced by lithostatic pressure. Thus, we expect low velocities near the surface, increasing with depth up to the values observed in the lab on intact samples, 5.5 - 5.7 km/sec. We use a one-dimensional inversion of P-waves to obtain an ''expected'' P-wave velocity (Vp) and attenuation (Qp) relation as a function of depth for The Geysers rocks. We then use a three-dimensional Vp and Qp inversion to find anomalous zones within the reservoir. We find portions with ''high'' Vp and Qp, high Vp and low Qp, and low Vp and low Qp. We interpret the regions with high Vp and Qp to be relatively less fractured, and the regions with low Vp and Qp to bemore » significantly fractured. The high V and Q anomaly is centered on the zone of greatest pressure drop, and is mostly within the shallowest part of the felsite. The anomalous zones within the greywacke reservoir are on either side of the felsite, in areas of more moderate pressure depletion. More work is required to interpret the significance of these observations. « less
The role of blanket peat moorland management in the generation and amelioration of discolouration of surface water supplies

Discolouration of surface waters in upland catchments (with associated costs of water treatment and resources) has increased particularly since the severe droughts in the 1970s and mid 1990s. Such discolouration is a major concern for many water companies whose catchment areas include upland moorland, particularly those areas located on deep blanket peat soils. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the role of catchment management in the production of discoloured surface runoff and DOC flux from catchments used as gathering grounds for public water supply. The investigation focused on blanket peat moorlands in the Ladybower catchment from which water is treated at Bamford Treatment Works. Whilst other workers have considered management techniques for water colour amelioration at laboratory and plot scale, no previous study had evaluated the impact of these approaches at a catchment scale with a sufficient degree of experimental control. Baseline relationships between meteorological inputs and hydrological responses were established during a calibration period prior to intervention in management. Six catchments were instrumented and the relationships between water discolouration and hydrological and land management characteristics were identified. Suitable pairings of catchments were determined with similar characteristics. One catchment was then treated to a management practice, whilst the management on another was not affected. It was then possible to assess the impact of management on the treated catchment in comparison with the untreated catchment.