Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Control of the Synchronous Reluctance Machine

The paper deals with the control of the synchronous reluctance machine without position sensor. A method for the computation of the transformation angle out of terminal voltages and currents is presented The injection of test signals allows operation at zero speed Fundamental for this control scheme is the exact modelling of the machine, where especially the saturable inductances are of central interest The accuracy of the angle estimation method over the whole operating range including field-weakening is discussed in detail. The implementation of the angle estimation method in a rotor-oriented control scheme and practical results are demonstrated.
Managing learning in the automotive industry – the innovation race for electric vehicles

Electrification or hybridisation is the main focus for most car manufacturers today. However, it implies large changes both in terms of the vehicle itself (technology and integrated systems) and of usage and business models. The literature on discontinuous innovation proposes learning as a crucial capability, but there are few empirical studies on how this actually happens in firms. This paper discusses the different learning mechanisms used to develop the capabilities related to Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). It highlights that in this kind of broad innovation field, more advanced mechanisms might be needed by automotive firms aspiring to be leaders, such as market experiments and exploratory partnerships. It also argues that overall learning strategies are necessary to guide the many learning mechanisms involved. The paper contributes to our understanding of how automotive companies deal with disruptive innovations.
Characterization & Optimization of 32nm P-Channel MOSFET Device

In this paper, effect of the process parameters variation on response characteristics such as threshold voltage (VTH) in 32nm p-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) device was investigated. An orthogonal array, signal-to noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance were employed to studythe performance characteristics of the p-channel device. The control factors were used in this research are oxide growth temperature, VTH implant energy, Source/Drain (S/D) implant dose and compensation implant energy. The fabrication of the transistor device was performed using TCAD simulator, consisting of a process simulator, ATHENA and device simulator, ATLAS. The results were then subjected to the Taguchi method to determine the optimal process parameters and to produce predicted values. In pchannel device, VTHimplant energy (57%) was identified as one of the control factor that has the strongest effect on the threshold voltage.The result shows that the VTHvalue has least variance and percent different from the target value (-0.289V) for this device is 3.11% (-0.280V). As conclusions, setting up design of experiment with the Taguchi Method of L9 orthogonal arrays and TCAD simulator, the optimal solution for the robust design recipe of 32nm p-channel device was successfully achieved.
Characteristics and large‐scale drivers of atmospheric rivers associated with extreme floods in New Zealand

The Southern Alps in the South Island of New Zealand are one of wettest places globally, making it critical to understand the mechanisms for delivery of extreme precipitation and river flooding. Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are recognized as key causes of extreme precipitation in New Zealand, but relatively little is known about their large‐scale meteorological drivers. Here, we aim to investigate these hydroclimatological connections for five major South Island catchments located from south–north along the axis of the Southern Alps: Te Anau, Matukituki, Pūkaki, Rakaia and Waiau Toa. For each catchment, the top eight flood events over a 38‐year period are characterized. Specifically, vertically integrated horizontal water vapour transport (IVT), 500 hPa geopotential and 300 hPa winds are examined to quantify the large‐scale atmospheric drivers of flood events. The Kidson synoptic weather classification is also employed to understand better the connection of IVT to New Zealand weather patterns. Intense IVT is associated with flood events for all five catchments and, in most instances, corresponds to AR‐type events. Spatial patterns of IVT display substantial variation between flood events and catchments; however, there are some generalizable patterns. First, clear AR‐type IVT patterns dominate for all catchments (except the Waiau Toa) with AR orientation ranging from westerly to northwesterly. For the most northerly catchment (Waiau Toa), cyclonic zones of high IVT occur instead for some events. Second, AR length varies from those restricted to the Tasman Sea (~2,000 km) to those extending to the west or north of Australia. Third, northwesterly ARs are associated with the passage of a depression in the general westerly circulation, characterized in particular by the Kidson “Trough” weather type. Finally, AR orientation is associated strongly with 300 hPa winds, and in many cases to the general wave characteristics of Southern Hemisphere circulation, particularly the Zonal Wave 3 pattern.
Assessing the impacts of biochar‐blended urea on nitrogen use efficiency and soil retention in wheat production

Improving nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) in crop plants is important to reduce the negative impact of excessive N on the environment. Although biochar‐blended fertilizer had been increasingly tested in crop production, the fate of fertilized N in soil and plant had not been elucidated in field conditions. In this study, a novel biochar‐blended urea (BU) was prepared by pelleting maize straw biochar, bentonite, sepiolite, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, and chitosan with urea (commercial urea without biochar [CU]). N fertilization in a winter wheat field was treated with BU and CU at both 265 kg N ha−1 (HL) and 186 kg N ha−1 (LN). Within a treatment plot, a microplot was fertilized with 15N‐labeled urea at a relevant N level. We investigated the influence of fertilizer management on biomass, grain yield, bioaccumulation of nutrient, soil properties, 15N isotopic abundance, and greenhouse gas emissions. Microscopic and spectroscopic analysis showed that micro/nanonetwork of biochar could bind N to form a loss control agglomerated particle, and organo‐mineral coatings on BU may protect N from quick release. Compared with CU, BU significantly increased grain yield by 13% and 38%, and grain N allocation by 19% and 55%, respectively, at HN and LN level. The total recovery of urea 15N in wheat plant (15N based NUE) was 32.8% under CU regardless of N rates but increased to 41.7% (HN rate) and 56.3% (LN rate) under BU. Whereas, the soil proportion (soil residual 15N) was 20.1% and 13.4% under CU but 32.5% and 18.8% under BU, in 0‐20cm topsoil, respectively, at HN and LN rate. Compared with the CU, BU had no effect on CO2 and CH4 emissions but significantly reduced the total N2O emission by 23%–28%. These important findings suggested that BU can be beneficial to uplift plant NUE to reduce reactive N loading but boost crop production.
Indirect AC-AC converter 115 V 50/60 Hz-115 V, 400 Hz with modulated accumulated energy chopper and bridge inverter by using MOSFET

This paper presents the implementation and analysis of single phase indirect AC-AC converter 115 Volt, 50/60 Hz to 115 Volt, 400 Hz. To obtain desired output voltage, the input voltage is stepped up to 185 Volt 50/60 Hz and rectified by bridge diode converter. By using modulated DC-DC converter switch plus output filter with carrier frequency 40 kHz and reference frequency 800 Hz, we get the same form signal at DC power output. With the bridge inverter switched at 400 Hz we get sinusoidal voltage 115 V, 400 Hz at the load side. Although we have resistive load, output voltage still has sinusoidal form. Using design implementation with power MOSFET, makes the control circuit simpler. Voltage regulation is done by buck regulator because it is very simple and has high efficiency. The converter is tested under 200 VA load capacity. In certain inductive load condition, the voltage waveform could be disturbed.
Analogue CMOS ASICs in Image Processing Systems

In this paper a survey of analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for low-level image processing, called vision chips, is presented. Due to the specific requirements, the vision chips are designed using different architectures best suited to their functions. The main types of the vision chip architectures and their properties are presented and characterized on selected examples of prototype integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. While discussing the vision chip realizations the importance of low-cost, low-power solutions is highlighted, which are increasingly being used in intelligent consumer equipment. Thanks to the great development of the automated design environments and fabrication methods, new, so far unknown applications of the vision chips become possible, as for example disposable endoscopy capsules for photographing the human gastrointestinal tract for the purposes of medical diagnosis.
Beyond Genre: Classifying Virtual Reality Experiences

Because virtual reality (VR) shares common features with video games, consumer content is usually classified according to traditional game genres and standards. However, VR offers different experiences based on the medium's unique affordances. To account for this disparity, the article presents a comparative analysis of titles from the Steam digital store across three platform types: VR only, VR supported, and non-VR. We analyzed data from a subset of the most popular applications within each category (N = 141, 93, and 1217, respectively). The three classification types we analyzed were academic game genres, developer defined categories, and user-denoted tags. Results identify the most common content classifications (e.g., Action and Shooter within VR only applications), the relative availability of each between platforms (e.g., Casual is more common in VR only than VR supported or non-VR), general platform popularity (e.g., VR only received less positive ratings than VR supported and non-VR), and which content types are associated with higher user ratings across platforms (e.g., Action and Music/Rhythm are most positively rated in VR only). Our findings ultimately provide a foundational framework for future theoretical constructions of classification systems based on content, market, interactivity, sociality, and service dependencies, which underlay how consumer VR is currently categorized.
IROGI–PNSE Based Control of Grid-Interactive DFIG Under Unbalanced Network With Wind Power Leveling Capability

Unbalanced grid voltages, appearing at stator terminals of a doubly fed induction generator based wind energy conversion system, deteriorate its performance by instigating unwanted oscillations and distortions in output grid power and rotor currents, respectively, as well as by introducing unbalanced currents in the stator and the grid. This article aims to address these challenges using a coordinated control strategy based on an improved reduced order generalized integrator (IROGI) for positive and negative sequence estimation (PNSE). The IROGI–PNSE further enhances the control performance by eliminating the effects of dc component or unbalance in sensed voltages, on the grid synchronization. The coordinated control strategy uses hysteresis scheme for current control. The hysteresis-based current control requires fewer rotational transformations, and eliminates the need for PI/PIR regulators and notch filters for inner current control loops. This renders the control, computationally efficient. Moreover, the presented system is equipped to exhibit wind power leveling functionality through a battery energy storage. An approach, employing the region-specific wind speed frequency distribution graph, is utilized to constitute the power leveling operation modes. The effectiveness of the control scheme is demonstrated through test results on a prototype developed in the laboratory.
Derivatives Pricing using QuantLib: An Introduction

Given the complexity of over-the-counter derivatives and structured products, al- most all of derivatives pricing today is based on numerical methods. While large fi- nancial institutions typically have their own team of developers who maintain state- of-the-art financial libraries, till a few years ago none of that sophistication was avail- able for use in teaching and research. For the last decade„ there is now a reliable C++ open-source library available called QuantLib. This note introduces QuantLib for pricing derivatives and documents our experience using QuantLib in our course on Computational Finance at the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad. The fact that it is also available (and extendable) in Python has allowed us to harness the power of C++ with the ease of iPython notebooks in the classroom as well as for stu- dent’s projects.
BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR for differential detection of viable Escherichia coli in potable water

Background and Objectives: Public health protection requires timely evaluation of pathogens in potable water to minimize outbreaks caused by microbial contaminations. The present study was aimed at assessing the microbiological quality of water obtained from Shantinagar (a rural area in the South Goa region of Goa, India) using 5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indoxyl β-D-glucuronide-Sorbitol MacConkey agar (BCIG-SMAC) medium and, propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR) assay for differential detection and quantification of viable Escherichia coli cells in water samples. Materials and Methods: Membrane filtration method was used for both BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR methods. To determine the efficiency of detection of viable cells, we first evaluated the PMA treatment protocol and established the standard calibration curves using previously reported primers. Results: PMA-qPCR detected as low as 7 femtograms of DNA of E. coli per qPCR reaction whereas the limit of detection (LOD) of BCIG-SMAC medium was 1.8 CFU/100mL. A total of 71 water samples spanning 2017–2018 have been analyzed using BCIG-SMAC medium and PMA-qPCR, of which 95.77% (68/71) and 7.04% (5/71) were found to be total E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. PMA-qPCR study showed the viable counts of total viable E. coli cells ranging from 3 CFU/100mL to 8.2×102 CFU/100mL. The total E. coli CFU/100mL quantified by PMA-qPCR significantly exceeded (paired t-test; P<0.05) the number on BCIG-SMAC medium. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the microbiological quality of environmental water samples analyzed do not comply with the regulatory standard. Therefore, special attention is warranted to improve the overall portable quality of water in the perspective of public health.
Life Cycle Assessment of Autonomous Electric Field Tractors in Swedish Agriculture

There is an increased interest for battery electric vehicles in multiple sectors, including agriculture. The potential for lowered environmental impact is one of the key factors, but there exists a knowledge gap between the environmental impact of on-road vehicles and agricultural work machinery. In this study, a life cycle assessment was performed on two smaller, self-driving battery electric tractors, and the results were compared to those of a conventional tractor for eleven midpoint characterisation factors, three damage categories and one weighted single score. The results showed that compared to the conventional tractor, the battery electric tractor had a higher impact in all categories during the production phase, with battery production being a majority contributor. However, over the entire life cycle, it had a lower impact in the weighted single score (−72%) and all three damage categories; human health (−74%), ecosystem impact (−47%) and resource scarcity (−67%). The global warming potential over the life cycle of the battery electric tractor was 102 kg CO2eq.ha−1 y−1 compared to 293 kg CO2eq.ha−1 y−1 for the conventional system. For the global warming potential category, the use phase was the most influential and the fuel used was the single most important factor.
Performance on a Sustained Attention to Response Task

Robertson et al. (1997) modified the standard sustained attention target detection task, in which overt responses signal the detection of rare targets, into the sustained attention to response task (SART), in which withholding responses signals the detection of rare targets. We compared the SART format with the standard detection task format using local-global letter tasks. The SART response format is much more challenging than the standard format and demonstrates different performance changes over time than the standard format. These findings may further our understanding of human behavior in high target probability, low neutral signal probability environments, such as modern combat.
DC traction power substation using eighteen-pulse rectifier transformer system

Twelve-pulse rectification system had been widely integrated in today’s DC traction power sub-station (DC-TPSS). This configuration had successfully mitigated low order harmonic distortion. As some research findings had confirmed that the dc voltage and current ripple factors may further minimize by increasing the number of rectification pulses to 18, 24, or 36. This paper had presented a simulation study to investigate the prospect of implementing an eighteen-pulse rectification system in a DC-TPSS. The theory of phase-shifting transformer used to produce an 18-pulse rectifier is presented with simulation verification. Simulation result shows that 3.69% of grid current distortion index is recorded without installing any filters. In addition, the dc voltage and current ripple may also be further reduced for about 30% compared to a conventional twelve-pulse rectification system.
Structural Water Molecules Confined in Soft and Hard Nanocavities as Bright Color Emitters

Molecules confined in the nanocavity and nanointerface exhibit rich, unique physicochemical properties, e.g., the chromophore in the β-barrel can of green fluorescent protein (GFP) exhibits tunable bright colors. However, the physical origin of their photoluminescence (PL) emission remains elusive. To mimic the microenvironment of the GFP protein scaffold at the molecule level, two groups of nanocavities were created by molecule self-assembly using organic chromophores and by organic functionalization of mesoporous silica, respectively. We provide strong evidence that structural water molecules confined in these nanocavities are color emitters with a universal formula of {X+·(OH–·H2O)·(H2O)n−1}, in which X is hydrated protons (H3O+) or protonated amino (NH3+) groups as an anchoring point, and that the efficiency of PL is strongly dependent on the stability of the main emitter centers of the structural hydrated hydroxide complex (OH–·H2O), which is a key intermediate to mediate electron transfer dominated by proton transfer at confined nanospace. Further controlled experiments and combined characterizations by time-resolved steady-state and ultrafast transient optical spectroscopy unveil an unusual multichannel radiative and/or nonradiative mechanism dominated by quantum transient states with a distinctive character of topological excitation. The finding of this work underscores the pivotal role of structurally bound H2O in regulating the PL efficiency of aggregation-induced emission luminogens and GFP.
AQUO Project - Modelling of ships as noise source for use in an underwater noise footprint assessment tool

Recent researches outline the need to mitigate underwater noise footprint due to shipping, in order to prevent negative impact on marine life. Within this context, the final goal of the European AQUO project (www.aquo.eu), which started in October 2012 for 3 years, is to provide to policy makers practical guidelines, in order to mitigate underwater noise impacts of shipping noise on marine life. Those guidelines will be based on solutions regarding ship design, including propeller and cavitation noise as well as solutions related to shipping control and regulation. In a first part, this paper will give an overview of the project. In a second part, we’ll focus on the introduction of the ship as a noise source in a noise map prediction model. Underwater radiated noise of different categories of ships is represented in a parametric form along frequency, speed and ship size. For that purpose, using available experimental data, a new method is introduced to derive parametric models, based on the decomposition of total radiated noise into three components (machinery noise, propeller noise, and cavitation noise). Each component is defined by a specific “pattern” accounting for the variation of noise with frequency and ship speed. In the last part of the paper, these models are used to determine noise footprint indicators on a test case, and the influence of taking into account or not the horizontal directivity of the noise sources is studied.
Dynamic-MFA examination of Chilean housing stock: long-term changes and earthquake damage

The dynamics and metabolism of the built environment are important for understanding the construction, renovation and demolition activities that characterize its long-term physical development. Previous research on building stock development is limited, particularly for developing countries. As one of the most seismically active countries in the world, Chile's built environment is constantly subjected to losses. This study included earthquake vulnerability and damage in a dynamic material flow analysis (MFA) of the Chilean housing stock. Stock and flows of residential floor area were modelled using population and life style parameters. Demolition was modelled assuming a constant demolition rate. By characterizing the building stock according to vulnerability classes and establishing a mass balance per class, the effects of different typology distributions on the overall damage to the stock caused by earthquakes could be assessed. Scenarios with different trends in typology distribution for new construction and renovation suggest that significant potential exists for reducing future earthquake damage in the Chilean housing stock. This is best achieved by gradually reducing the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes. Legislation, building standards and financial instruments could be used to ensure such reductions in earthquake damage and thereby provide socio-economic benefits in the future.
Cost-Effective and Fault Tolerant Vehicle Control Architecture for X-by-Wire Systems (Part 2: Implementation Design)

X-by-Wire systems are expected to enhance vehicle driving performance and safety. This paper describes an electronic platform architecture for X-by-Wire systems that satisfies both cost-effectiveness and dependability. In the first part of this paper (Part 1), we have proposed a new electronic architecture based on a concept of autonomous decentralized systems. In the latter part (Part 2), the proposed architecture implementation to the actual vehicle control systems will be discussed. We clarify that, due to system level redundancy the proposed architecture provides, vehicle control systems can basically consist of low cost fail-silent nodes. Furthermore, for cost optimization, considering a tradeoff between hardware cost and fault detection coverage, we design a suitable hardware architecture for each node according to node function.