Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination therapy with hydrogen peroxide and irradiation promotes an abscopal effect in mouse models

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induces oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, and can be used for treating cancers in combination with radiotherapy. A product comprising H2O2 and sodium hyaluronate has been developed as a radiosensitizer. However, the effects of H2O2 on antitumor immunity remain unclear. To investigate the effects of H2O2, especially the abscopal effect when combined with radiotherapy (RT), we implanted murine tumor cells simultaneously in two locations in mouse models: the hind limb and back. H2O2 mixed with sodium hyaluronate was injected intratumorally, followed by irradiation only at the hind limb lesion. No treatment was administered to the back lesion. The H2O2/RT combination significantly reduced tumor growth at the noninjected/nonirradiated site in the back lesion, whereas H2O2 or RT individually did not reduce tumor growth. Flow cytometric analyses of the tumor‐draining lymph nodes in the injected/irradiated areas showed that the number of dendritic cells increased significantly with maturation in the H2O2/RT combination group. In addition, analyses of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes showed that the number of CD8+ (cluster of differentiation 8) T cells and the frequency of IFN‐γ+ (interferon gamma) CD8+ T cells were higher in the noninjected/nonirradiated tumors in the H2O2/RT group compared to those in the other groups. PD‐1 (programmed death receptor 1) blockade further increased the antitumor effect against noninjected/nonirradiated tumors in the H2O2/RT group. Intratumoral injection of H2O2 combined with RT therefore induces an abscopal effect by activating antitumor immunity, which can be further enhanced by PD‐1 blockade. These findings promote the development of H2O2/RT therapy combined with cancer immunotherapies, even for advanced cancers.
Colorectal cancer and gut microbiota studies in China

ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates of CRC have been increasing in China, possibly due to economic development, lifestyle, and dietary changes. Evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis of CRC. Gut dysbiosis, specific pathogenic microbes, metabolites, virulence factors, and microbial carcinogenic mechanisms contribute to the initiation and progression of CRC. Gut microbiota biomarkers have potential translational applications in CRC screening and early diagnosis. Gut microbiota-related interventions could improve anti-tumor therapy’s efficacy and severe intestinal toxic effects. Chinese researchers have made many achievements in the relationship between gut microbiota and CRC, although some challenges remain. This review summarizes the current evidence from China on the role of gut microbiota in CRC, mainly including the gut microbiota characteristics, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum and Parvimonas micra, which have been identified to be enriched in CRC patients; microbial pathogens such as F. nucleatum and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and P. micra, which Chinese scientists have extensively studied; diagnostic biomarkers especially F. nucleatum; therapeutic effects, including microecological agents represented by certain Lactobacillus strains, fecal microbiota transplantation, and traditional Chinese medicines such as Berberine and Curcumin. More efforts should be focused on exploring the underlying mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis of CRC and providing novel gut microbiota-related therapeutic and preventive strategies.
Stellate ganglion block to mitigate thalamic pain syndrome of an oncological origin

Thalamic pain syndrome (TPS) is an enigmatic and rare condition. Thalamic pain syndrome is under the umbrella of central pain syndrome, which is classically associated with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, postamputation, epilepsy, stroke, tumor, and Parkinson's disease. The mainstay treatment of TPS is polypharmacy. There is uncertainty about the intermediate options to manage medication‐resistant TPS before resorting to invasive, and often expensive, intracranial therapies. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has shown promise in reducing TPS symptoms of the upper extremity and face following a thalamic ischemic event.
Etiological Study of Acute Conjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus in Shanxi Province, China, between 2016 and 2019

HAdV types in cases of conjunctivitis in Shanxi province, China, in 2016 to 2019 showed evident diversity, with seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) being identified, and relative genome stability of these viruses was observed. In addition, China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, which suggests that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an important pathogen associated with ocular infections. ABSTRACT Human adenovirus (HAdV) is the primary cause of acute conjunctivitis. To improve our understanding of the etiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis, ocular samples were collected from 160 conjunctivitis cases in the Shanxi province of northern China between 2016 and 2019. Through preliminary identification, virus isolation, and type identification, a total of 63 HAdV isolates were obtained from the samples. Three species and seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) were detected, with HAdV-64, HAdV-3, and HAdV-8 being the predominant types in 2016, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Further phylogenetic analysis indicated the relative genomic stability of seven HAdV-type strains, except for 4 HAdV-3 strains in 2018 with a novel amino acid insertion site (Pro) between P19 and S20 in the penton base gene. It is worth noting that the genomes of two Shanxi HAdV-85 strains from 2016 were almost identical to those of previously reported HAdV-85 strains that circulated in Japan in 2014 to 2018. China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, suggesting that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an ocular pathogen. Data obtained in this study provide valuable information on the prevalence of acute conjunctivitis caused by HAdV. IMPORTANCE HAdV types in cases of conjunctivitis in Shanxi province, China, in 2016 to 2019 showed evident diversity, with seven types (HAdV-3, HAdV-4, HAdV-8, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-64, and HAdV-85) being identified, and relative genome stability of these viruses was observed. In addition, China was the second country to sample and isolate HAdV-85, which suggests that HAdV-85 might be underreported as an important pathogen associated with ocular infections. These results enhance the understanding of the etiology of adenoviral conjunctivitis and may aid in the development of prevention and control strategies for HAdV-related ocular infections in China.
Barriers and facilitators to retention in care and treatment adherence among racially/ethnically diverse women with HIV in South Florida: a qualitative study

ABSTRACT Women, particularly those from racial/ethnic minority groups, experience disparities in HIV care and treatment, and in achieving viral suppression. This study identified barriers and facilitators influencing retention in HIV care and treatment adherence among women belonging to racial/ethnic minority groups. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 74 African American, Hispanic/Latina and Haitian cisgender women receiving care from the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program in Miami-Dade County, Florida in 2019. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The most salient barriers faced by women were competing life priorities, mental health and substance use issues, medication-related concerns and treatment burden, negative experiences with HIV care services, transportation and parking issues and stigma and discrimination. Important facilitators identified by women included taking personal responsibility for health, social support, and patient-friendly and supportive HIV care services. Our findings suggest that HIV care could be enhanced for this population by understanding the non-HIV needs of the women in care, provide more flexible and relevant services in response to the totality of these needs, and simplify and expand access to care and supportive services.
Factorial validity, predictive validity and measurement invariance of the Danish version of the coach-created Empowering Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C)

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a Danish version of the coach-created Empowering and Disempowering Motivational Climate Questionnaire (EDMCQ-C), retest the factor structure and provide further investigation into the psychometric properties in terms of measurement invariance across gender, age and competitive level, reliability and predictive validity. Methods The participants were 1719 male and 551 female Danish football players 12–20 years of age (M = 14.81) playing at recreational, medium and elite levels. Participants filled in EDMCQ-C as well as questionnaires measuring psychological needs (BPNESS) and behaviour regulation (BRSQ). Factor structure of the EDMCQ-C was tested using Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling. To test whether the factor structure differed across gender, age group and competitive level, an invariance analysis comparing configurational, metric and scalar models was conducted. Results EDMCQ-C showed good psychometric properties and measurement invariance across age, gender and competitive level. Both dimensions of EDMCQ-C were associated to needs satisfaction and behaviour regulation in expected directions and had high internal consistency. Conclusion This study provides evidence for the reliability of the two dimensions of EDMCQ-C, their predictive validity and for measurement invariance across age, gender and competitive level and provides a Danish version of the EDMCQ with sound psychometric properties.
Intrarenal Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Natriuresis

When sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were first introduced a decade ago, no one expected them to have substantial effects beyond their known glucose-lowering effects, until the emergence of evidence of their robust renal and cardiovascular benefits showing that they could attenuate progression of kidney disease, irrespective of diabetes, as well as prevent the development of acute kidney injury. Still, the precise and elaborate mechanisms underlying the major organ protection of SGLT2 inhibitors remain unclear. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and glucose in the proximal tubule of the kidney and then recovers tubuloglomerular feedback, whereby SGLT2 inhibitors reduce glomerular hyperfiltration. This simple demonstration of their beneficial effects has perplexed experts in seeking more plausible and as yet undisclosed explanations for the whole effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, including metabolism reprogramming and the modulation of hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Given that the renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with kidney disease but without diabetes were comparable to those seen in patients with diabetes, it may be reasonable to keep the emphasis on their hemodynamic actions. In this context, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of renal hemodynamics in individuals with diabetes who are treated with SGLT2 inhibitors, with a focus on natriuresis associated with the regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback and potential aquaresis. Throughout the discussion of alterations in renal sodium and water transports, particular attention will be given to the potential enhancement of adenosine and its receptors following SGLT2 inhibition.
Ion velocity distributions in dipolarization events: Distributions in the central plasma sheet

Using combined MHD/test particle simulations, we further explore characteristic ion velocity distributions in the central plasma sheet (CPS) in relation to dipolarization events. Distributions in the CPS within the dipolarized flux bundle (DFB) that follows the passage of a dipolarization front typically show two opposing low subthermal‐energy beams with a ring‐like component perpendicular to the magnetic field at about twice the thermal energy. The dominance of the perpendicular anisotropy and a field‐aligned peak at lower energy agree qualitatively with ion distribution functions derived from “Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms” observations. At locations somewhat off the equatorial plane the field‐aligned peaks are shifted by a field‐aligned component of the bulk flow, such that one peak becomes centered near zero net velocity, which makes it less likely to be observed. The origins of the field‐aligned peaks are low‐energy lobe (or near plasma sheet boundary layer) regions, while the ring distribution originates mostly from thermal plasma sheet particles on extended field lines. The acceleration mechanisms are also quite different: the beam ions are accelerated first by the E × B drift motion of the DFB and then by a slingshot effect of the earthward convecting DFB (akin to first‐order Fermi, type B, acceleration), which causes an increase in field‐aligned speed. In contrast, the ring particles are accelerated by successive, betatron‐like acceleration after entering the high electric field region of an earthward propagating DFB.
Prescribing Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Primary Care Physician Decision Making

PURPOSE Over 29 million Americans have alcohol use disorder (AUD). Though there are effective medications for AUD (MAUD) that can be prescribed within primary care, they are underutilized. We aimed to explore how primary care physicians familiar with MAUD make prescribing decisions and to identify reasons for underuse of MAUD within primary care. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews with 19 primary care physicians recruited from a large online database of medical professionals. Physicians had to have started a patient on MAUD within the last 6 months in an outpatient setting. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis was informed by the theory of planned behavior. RESULTS Physicians endorsed that it is challenging to prescribe MAUD due to several reasons, including: (1) somewhat negative personal beliefs about medication effectiveness and likelihood of patient adherence; (2) competing demands in primary care that make MAUD a lower priority; and, (3) few positive subjective norms around prescribing. To make MAUD prescribing a smaller component of their practice, physicians reported applying various rules of thumb to select patients for MAUD. These included recommending MAUD to the patients who seemed the most motivated to reduce drinking, those with the most severe AUD, and those who were also receiving other treatments for AUD. CONCLUSIONS There is a challenging implementation context for MAUD due to competing demands within primary care. Future research should explore which strategies for identifying a subset of patients for MAUD are the most appropriate and most likely to improve population health and health equity.
Psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression without psychedelic effects: study protocol for a 4-week, double-blind, proof-of-concept randomised controlled trial

Background Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of psilocybin have reported large antidepressant effects in adults with major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Given psilocybin's psychedelic effects, all published studies have included psychological support. These effects depend on serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor activation, which can be blocked by 5-HT2A receptor antagonists like ketanserin or risperidone. In an animal model of depression, ketanserin followed by psilocybin had similar symptomatic effects as psilocybin alone. Aims To conduct a proof-of-concept RCT to (a) establish feasibility and tolerability of combining psilocybin and risperidone in adults with TRD, (b) show that this combination blocks the psychedelic effects of psilocybin and (c) provide pilot data on the antidepressant effect of this combination (compared with psilocybin alone). Method In a 4-week, three-arm, ‘double dummy’ trial, 60 adults with TRD will be randomised to psilocybin 25 mg plus risperidone 1 mg, psilocybin 25 mg plus placebo, or placebo plus risperidone 1 mg. All participants will receive 12 h of manualised psychotherapy. Measures of feasibility will include recruitment and retention rates; tolerability and safety will be assessed by rates of drop-out attributed to adverse events and rates of serious adverse events. The 5-Dimensional Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale will be a secondary outcome measure. Results This trial will advance the understanding of psilocybin's mechanism of antidepressant action. Conclusions This line of research could increase acceptability and access to psilocybin as a novel treatment for TRD without the need for a psychedelic experience and continuous monitoring.
Geometric frustration: the case of triangular antiferromagnets

This doctoral dissertation presents a thorough determination of the phase diagrams of classical Heisenberg triangular antiferromagnet (HTAF) and its anisotropic variants based on theoretical and numerical analysis (Monte Carlo). At finite-field HTAF exhibits a non-trivial interplay of discrete Z3 symmetry and continuous S1 symmetry. They are successively broken (discrete then continuous) with distinct features at low and high fields: in the latter case the ordering is along transverse direction; in the former case an intermediate collinear phase is stabilised before 120-degree structure is. Due to zero-field behaviour, transition lines close at (T,h) = (0,0). Single-ion anisotropy is here considered. Easy-axis HTAF for moderate anisotropy strength 0 < d
Research on communication technology of micro-power wireless Ad Hoc network in distribution network station area

Due to the rapid development of wireless ad hoc networks, routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks must have better adaptability to reduce system complexity, save routing overhead and effectively use limited network resources. Currently, the traditional path addressing method using a route-based routing mechanism will cause a large amount of network load and greater delay. To this end, we propose a new method based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to identify, evaluate and guide network features. Using the service characteristics and link status characteristics of the network, comprehensively using the network characteristic matrix as the signal of the network, and adding the measurement of the network performance, the network characteristics can be more completely and accurately identified. The best choice for network performance. Through simulation experiments, it is verified that the method can correctly identify the current network characteristics, make correct predictions about the current network conditions, and make appropriate path selections as needed, thereby effectively reducing network congestion and can effectively solve the network congestion problem.
Method for supporting quality of service mechanisms during a handover process or in preparation of a handover process

A method for supporting quality of service in the preparation of the handover process or during the handover process (QoS), the user equipment (UE) is connected to an access network (AN) via the connection point of the (PoA), the handover process, one of a, while maintaining all the ongoing connection of the UE wherein the UE is in the AP-current PoA-one different one of the connection points from the - target PoA-support changing a connection to, and the handover process or during the hand in the preparation of the over process, and the signaling message exchange between the current PoA with claim 2 PoA, wherein the 2 PoA is internal on said target comprises a PoA or candidates of the target PoA, wherein the aN is communicating within the aN path support QoS mechanisms, and the communication path is between one and a core network (CN) of the PoA, or the PoA and the aN Portion is used for communications between network entities, the method, by the current PoA the triggering message is sent to the claim 2 PoA, the triggering message is received by the UE proxy located in the first 2 PoA, the proxy UE controls the internal QoS mechanism in response to the triggering message, characterized in that to ensure the QoS of the communication path.
Two tandem flexible loops in a viscous flow

Interaction between two tandem flexible loops with tension and bending stiffness in a viscous flow is investigated by numerical simulations. In most cases, the heads of the loops facing the oncoming flow are fixed but flapping around the head is allowed. The effect of the gap distance between the two passive flapping loops (G) on the drag coefficient is investigated in detail. Here, for the first time, the sudden drag force reduction at a specific G, i.e., Gc for the downstream loop has been found in the two tandem flexible loops system. It is different from the drag “jump” behavior in the two tandem rigid cylinder system. Although the drag is partially associated with the flapping amplitude, the drag force reduction of the downstream loop may be mainly attributed to flow regimes transition or vortices merging mode transition. The vortices merging is also analysed from a Lagrangian viewpoint, which gives insight into the mechanism. The effects of Reynolds number (20≤ Re ≤100), bending coefficient (10−4≤K≤.
Theory of phase transitions in systems with defects and development of phenomenological theory of relaxors

ABSTRACT Theory of phase transitions in systems with defects is considered and phenomenological theory of the diffuse phase transition has been proposed. The temperature behavior and dispersion of the dielectric properties in the region of the diffuse phase transition has been associated with the dynamics of the charge delocalization on defects. The consideration has been performed on the basis of simple thermodynamic ideas in the framework of the Sigov-Levanyuk approach to the phenomenological theory of phase transitions in the system with defects.
Abstract rule-based argumentation

This article reviews abstract rule-based approaches to argumentation, in particular the ASPIC+ framework. In ASPIC+ and its predecessors, going back to the seminal work of John Pollock, arguments can be formed by combining strict and defeasible inference rules and conflicts between arguments can be resolved in terms of a preference relation on arguments. This results in abstract argumentation frameworks (a set of arguments with a binary relation of defeat), so that arguments can be evaluated with the theory of abstract argumentation. First the basic ASPIC+ framework is reviewed, possible ways to instantiate it are discussed and how these instantiations can satisfy closure and consistency properties. Then the relation between ASPIC+ and other work in formal argumentation and nonmonotonic logic is discussed, including a review of how other approaches can be reconstructed as instantiations of ASPIC+. Further developments and variants of the basic ASPIC+ framework are also reviewed, including developments with alternative or generalised notions of attack and defeat and variants with further constraints on arguments. Finally, implementations and applications of ASPIC+ are briefly reviewed and some open problems and avenues for further research are discussed.