Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biodegradable tamarind kernel powder/kappa‐carrageenan hydrogel for efficient removal of cationic dyes from effluents

As an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, an eco‐friendly biodegradable hydrogel was utilized in an effort to reduce the hydrogel production costs and decrease its negative impact on the environment. The biodegradable hydrogel of natural polysaccharides, tamarind kernel powder (tkp) with kappa‐carrageenan (kcg), was employed as an adsorbent to remove cationic dyes from an aqueous environment. The impact of factors such as initial adsorbate concentration, pH, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage on maximum adsorption were investigated. The tkp–kcg hydrogel has a remarkable swelling percentage of 1840%. The high water penetration of the tkp–kcg hydrogel made the internal adsorption sites for safranin (SF) and auramine‐O (AO) dye adsorption accessible. The correlation coefficient supported the Langmuir isotherm model's applicability, with maximum adsorption efficiency of 9.372 mg g−1 for SF and 9.225 mg g−1 for AO. The kinetics of adsorption revealed a pseudo‐second order process. Adsorption was an exothermic and spontaneous, according to thermodynamic analyses. Furthermore, the adsorbent was effectively used for five consecutive cycles of SF and AO dye adsorption–desorption. The biodegradation of tkp–kcg hydrogel was characterized by percentage of weight loss, Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The composting technique of biodegradation was used in the biodegradation studies. Using the composting process, 92.6% of the synthesized hydrogel was degraded after 70 days. The results demonstrated that the hydrogel has a high microbiological biodegradability. It is believed that the tkp–kcg hydrogel could have excellent wastewater and agricultural applications due to its high water absorption, excellent retention capacities, cost‐effective and ecofriendly synthesis.
Ranking based ontology learning algorithm for similarity measuring and ontology mapping using representation theory

Abstract Ontology, as a semantic analysis and computation framework, has been widely used in various ways. Recently, learning algorithms have been employed for ontology similarity measuring and ontology mapping which aims to get a score ontology function and thus map each vertex on ontology graph to a real number. In this paper, ranking learning approach is employed in ontology function learning. The framework is designed based on reproducing kernel Hilbert space technology and representation theory trick. Finally, four experiments are manifested for the application of ontology algorithms in different fields. The effectiveness is proved by the comparison between data results.
Tensile mechanical properties of Ni‐based superalloy of nanophases using molecular dynamics simulation

The mechanical properties of Ni/Ni3Al monocrystal of nanophases with varying temperatures, strain rates, and phase sizes have been studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that the primary deformation mechanisms in Ni/Ni3Al monocrystal of nanophases were slip bands and antiphase boundaries at room temperature. The studies on the effects of temperature showed that the yield strain, yield strength, and elastic module decreased as temperature increased. However, the influences of strain rate and phase size on the mechanical properties of Ni/Ni3Al monocrystal of nanophases showed that the high strain rate led to the increase of yield stress, and the phase sizes had no significant influence on the maximum yield stress. In addition, the behavior of crack propagation in the model of Ni/Ni3Al interface was investigated under cyclic loading, and it was found that the interface of Ni/Ni3Al was resistance to the fatigue crack propagation.
Event-internal modifiers: Semantic underspecification and conceptual

The article offers evidence that there are two variants of adverbial modification that differ with respect to the way in which a modifier is linked to the verb’s eventuality argument. So-called event-external modifiers relate to the full eventuality, whereas event-internal modifiers relate to some integral part of it. The choice between external and internal modification is shown to be dependent on the modifier’s syntactic base position. Event-external modifiers are base-generated at the VP periphery, whereas event-internal modifiers are base-generated at the V periphery. These observations are accounted for by a refined version of the standard Davidsonian approach to adverbial modification according to which modification is mediated by a free variable. In the case of external modification, the grammar takes responsibility for identifying the free variable with the verb’s eventuality argument, whereas in the case of internal modification, a value for the free variable is determined by the conceptual system on the basis of contextually salient world knowledge. For the intriguing problem that certain locative modifiers occasionally seem to have nonlocative (instrumental, positional, or manner) readings, the advocated approach can provide a rather simple solution.
Targeting the 16S rRNA Gene by Reverse Complement PCR Next-Generation Sequencing: Specific and Sensitive Detection and Identification of Microbes Directly in Clinical Samples

The identification of the causative infectious pathogen in patients suspected of having a bacterial infection is essential for diagnosis and the start of appropriate treatment. Over the past 2 decades, molecular diagnostics have improved the ability to detect and identify bacteria. ABSTRACT The detection and accurate identification of bacterial species in clinical samples are crucial for diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic treatment. To date, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene has been widely used as a complementary molecular approach when identification by culture fails. The accuracy and sensitivity of this method are highly affected by the selection of the 16S rRNA gene region targeted. In this study, we assessed the clinical utility of 16S rRNA reverse complement PCR (16S RC-PCR), a novel method based on next-generation sequencing (NGS), for the identification of bacterial species. We investigated the performance of 16S RC-PCR on 11 bacterial isolates, 2 polymicrobial community samples, and 59 clinical samples from patients suspected of having a bacterial infection. The results were compared to culture results, if available, and to the results of Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene (16S Sanger sequencing). By 16S RC-PCR, all bacterial isolates were accurately identified to the species level. Furthermore, in culture-negative clinical samples, the rate of identification increased from 17.1% (7/41) to 46.3% (19/41) when comparing 16S Sanger sequencing to 16S RC-PCR. We conclude that the use of 16S RC-PCR in the clinical setting leads to an increased sensitivity of detection of bacterial pathogens, resulting in a higher number of diagnosed bacterial infections, and thereby can improve patient care. IMPORTANCE The identification of the causative infectious pathogen in patients suspected of having a bacterial infection is essential for diagnosis and the start of appropriate treatment. Over the past 2 decades, molecular diagnostics have improved the ability to detect and identify bacteria. However, novel techniques that can accurately detect and identify bacteria in clinical samples and that can be implemented in clinical diagnostics are needed. Here, we demonstrate the clinical utility of bacterial identification in clinical samples by a novel method called 16S RC-PCR. Using 16S RC-PCR, we reveal a significant increase in the number of clinical samples in which a potentially clinically relevant pathogen is identified compared to the commonly used 16S Sanger method. Moreover, RC-PCR allows automation and is well suited for implementation in a diagnostic laboratory. In conclusion, the implementation of this method as a diagnostic tool is expected to result in an increased number of diagnosed bacterial infections, and in combination with adequate treatment, this could improve clinical outcomes for patients.
The Relationship Between Screen Time and Symptom Severity in Children with ADHD during COVID-19 Lockdown

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between screen time and symptom severity in children with ADHD during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: Caregivers of children with ADHD aged 7 to 16 years completed the screen time questionnaire and ADHD rating scales of the SNAP-IV-Thai version during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The correlation between screen time and ADHD scores was assessed. Results: Of the 90 children, aged 11.31 ± 2.29 years, enrolled, 74.4% were male, 64.4% were in primary school, and 73% had electronic screens in their bedrooms. After adjusting with other factors, recreational screen time, both on weekdays and on weekend days, were positively correlated with ADHD scores (both inattention and hyperactive/impulsive scores). Studying screen time, on the other hand, was not associated with ADHD symptom severity. Compared to during the lockdown, studying screen time decreased after the lockdown, but recreational screen time and ADHD scores were not changed. Conclusion: Increasing recreational screen time was associated with worsening ADHD symptoms.
Study of in-homogeneities in PMMA samples using a 3D-SD-OCT system

Industrial applications of embedded materials have been increased in the recent years as the study of their mechanical properties. A particular interest is their homogeneousness which will determine a significant improvement or decay in the possible application. The optical system proposed here can show the internal micro structure and the internal displacements along a scanned volume through consecutives 2D tomographic and optical phase images. The volumetric information is retrieved by means of a liner stage which avoids the use of expensive tilting devices. Results show the response of homogeneous and in-homogeneous PMMA samples during controlled tests in order to find the simplest one which determines the sample’s condition.
High-Frequency Linear Array (20 MHz) Based on Lead-Free BCTZ Crystal

Centimeter-sized BaTiO3-based crystals grown by top-seeded solution growth from the BaTiO3–CaTiO3–BaZrO3 system were used to process a high-frequency (HF) lead-free linear array. Piezoelectric plates with (110)pc cut within 1° accuracy were used to manufacture two 1–3 piezo-composites with thicknesses of 270 and $78 \mu \text{m}$ for resonant frequencies in air of 10 and 30 MHz, respectively. The electromechanical characterization of the BCTZ crystal plates and the 10-MHz piezocomposite yielded the thickness coupling factors of 40% and 50%, respectively. We quantified the electromechanical performance of the second piezocomposite (30 MHz) according to the reduction in the pillar sizes during the fabrication process. The dimensions of the piezocomposite at 30 MHz were sufficient for a 128-element array with a 70- $\mu \text{m}$ element pitch and a 1.5-mm elevation aperture. The transducer stack (backing, matching layers, lens, and electrical components) was tuned with the characteristics of the lead-free materials to deliver optimal bandwidth and sensitivity. The probe was connected to a real-time HF 128-channel echographic system for acoustic characterization (electroacoustic response and radiation pattern) and to acquire high-resolution in vivo images of human skin. The center frequency of the experimental probe was 20 MHz, and the fractional bandwidth at −6 dB was 41%. Skin images were compared against those obtained with a lead-based 20-MHz commercial imaging probe. Despite significant differences in sensitivity between elements, in vivo images obtained with a BCTZ-based probe convincingly demonstrated the potential of integrating this piezoelectric material in an imaging probe.
Modeling and Evaluation of a Rate-Based Transcutaneous Blood Gas Monitor

Objective: Current methods for transcutaneous blood gas monitoring (TBM) – a common health monitoring method in neonatal care - comes with a suite of challenges like limited attachment opportunities, and risks of infections from burning and tearing of the skin, which limits its use. This study presents a novel system and method for rate-based transcutaneous CO2 measurements with a soft, unheated skin-interface that can address many of these problems. Additionally, a theoretical model for the gas transport from the blood to the system's sensor is derived. Methods: By simulating CO2 advection and diffusion through the cutaneous microvasculature and epidermis to the system's skin interface, the effect of a wide range of physiological properties on the measurement has been modeled. Following these simulations, a theoretical model for the relationship between the measured CO2 concentration and that in the blood was derived and compared to empirical data. Results: Applying the model on measured blood gas levels, even when the theory was based solely on the simulations, produced blood CO2 concentrations within ∼35% of empirical measurements from a state-of-the-art device. Further calibration of the framework, also using the empirical data, yielded an output with a Pearson correlation of 0.84 between the two methods. Conclusion: Compared to the state-of-the-art device the proposed system measured the partial CO2 pressure in the blood with an average deviation of 0.04 kPa and 1. 97σ of ±1.1 kPa. However, the model indicated that this performance could be hampered by different skin properties. Significance: Given its soft and gentle skin interface and lack of heating, the proposed system could significantly decrease health risks like, burns, tears, and pain, currently associated with TBM on premature neonates.
ON THE COUPLING OF FINITE AND BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATION

In recent years, the coupling of finite element and boundary element methods have become a famous method for solving many mathematical physics problems [1-5]. The creation of this method is due to the drawbacks of both finite element and boundary element methods. This can be seen, for example, in the solution of exterior problems by the finite element method and that of the nonlinear problems by the boundary element method [6, 7]. In early eighties, Johnson and Nedelec [8] presented a mathematical analysis of this new method which is nowadays commonly called, the traditional or standard coupled method. Unfortunately, their study was very limited and did not concern many important cases in modeling a concrete physical situation, as for example, problems when the boundary is not smooth, systems of integral equations and higher order equations. By the end of the eighties, Costabel succeeded in the establishment of the bases for another coupled method, more complex than the first one, but it deals with more complicated situations as well as those mentioned above [9]. Their approach relied on the reduction of interface problems to the study of functional, which regroup integral forms defined on a portion of the considered domain and integral operators defined on the boundary of the coupling, which is the common boundary between the sub-domains. The plan of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, we deal with the boundary value problem of the Helmholtz equation, its variational formulation in a portion of the whole domain and, its reduction to a system of integral equations in the rest of the domain. Section 3 contains the weak formulation of the coupling problem. In Section 4, we present error analysis and discuss the convergence of the Galerkin approximation.
What Factors Are Associated with Clinical Trial Discontinuation in Orthopaedic Surgery

Background: Clinical trials play a crucial role in advancing medical knowledge and have the potential to change standards of care. The present study evaluated the prevalence of discontinued clinical trials in orthopaedic surgery. Additionally, we sought to identify the study characteristics associated with and the rationale behind trial discontinuation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of orthopaedic clinical trials using the ClinicalTrials.gov registry and results database was performed for trials between October 1, 2007, and October 7, 2022. Interventional trials listed as “completed,” “terminated,” “withdrawn,” or “suspended” were included. Study characteristics were collected and clinical trial abstracts were reviewed in order to assign the appropriate subspecialty category. A univariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine whether the percentage of discontinued trials changed between 2008 and 2021. Univariate and multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated to identify factors associated with trial discontinuation. Results: A total of 8,603 clinical trials were included in the final analysis, of which 1,369 (16%) were discontinued, with the highest rates of discontinuation found in oncology (25%) and trauma (23%). The most common rationales for discontinuation were insufficient patient accrual (29%), technical or logistical issues (9%), business decision (9%), and lack of funding or resources (9%). Industry-funded studies were more likely than government-funded studies to be discontinued (HR: 1.81; p < 0.001). There was no change in the percentage of discontinued trials for each orthopaedic subspecialty between 2008 and 2021 (p = 0.21). As shown on multivariable regression analysis, trials for devices (HR: 1.63 [95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 2.21]; p = 0.002) and drugs (HR: 1.48 [1.10 to 2.02]; p = 0.013) as well as Phase-2 trials (HR: 1.35 [1.09 to 1.69]; p = 0.010), Phase-3 trials (HR: 1.39 [1.09 to 1.78]; p = 0.010), and Phase-4 trials (HR: 1.44 [1.14 to 1.81]; p = 0.010) had a higher likelihood of early discontinuation. However, pediatric trials were less likely to be discontinued (HR: 0.58 [0.40 to 0.86]; p = 0.007). Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest the need for continued efforts to ensure the completion of orthopaedic clinical trials in order to limit publication bias and to employ resources and patient contributions more efficiently for research. Clinical Relevance: Discontinued trials contribute to publication bias, which limits the comprehensiveness of the literature available to support evidence-based patient care interventions. Therefore, identifying the factors associated with and the prevalence of orthopaedic trial discontinuation encourages orthopaedic surgeons to design future trials to be more resistant to early discontinuation.
Perspectives on the pharmacological management of complex regional pain syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that is notoriously difficult to treat. Therapies for CRPS include cognitive behavioral, physical, and occupational therapy, single or multidrug pharmacotherapy, and a variety of interventional techniques. Unfortunately, randomized clinical trials of these therapies are limited. The large number of potential pharmacologic options can be overwhelming for providers in their attempts to develop a treatment plan. Areas covered This article will review the literature on the pharmacologic management of CRPS. It is based on a systematic search of PubMed using keywords, followed by evaluation of the bibliographies for relevant articles. Expert opinion No single drug has amassed enough evidence to suggest clear efficacy, but a handful of agents with at least modest evidence are commonly used, including gabapentinoids, bisphosphonates, ketamine, and pulsed dose steroids. Meanwhile, other agents that lack significant evidence specifically in CRPS but have evidence in other neuropathic conditions are commonly prescribed, including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). In our opinion, careful selection and prompt initiation of appropriate pharmacotherapy may optimize pain relief and improve functionality in patients burdened with this debilitating condition.
Matrix Metalloproteinases in Glaucoma: An Updated Overview

ABSTRACT Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important regulators of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and are involved in many stages of cellular growth and development. An imbalance of MMP expression is also the basis of many diseases, including eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, dry eye, corneal ulcer, keratoconus. This paper describes the role of MMPs in the glaucoma and their role in the glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM), aqueous outflow channel, retina, and optic nerve (ON). This review also summarizes several treatments for glaucoma that target MMPs imbalance and suggests that MMPs may represent a viable therapeutic target for glaucoma.
Carbon monoxide as a clinical marker of hemolysis

Carbon monoxide (CO)‐based tests have precisely measured hemolysis for over 40 years. End‐tidal CO was the primary marker in clinical hematology research, followed by carboxyhemoglobin. Quantification of CO reflects heme oxygenases degrading heme in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, making CO a direct marker of hemolysis. CO in alveolar air can be quantified using gas chromatography, whose high resolution allows detecting mild and moderate levels of hemolysis. CO can be elevated in active bleeding, resorbing hematoma, and smoking. Clinical acumen and other markers remain necessary to diagnose the cause of hemolysis. CO‐based tests constitute an opportunity for bench‐to‐bedside technology transfer.
Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and genetics for targeted prevention of dementia

Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract Combining genetic variants increasing risk of dementia and cardiovascular risk factors can facilitate identification of high-risk individuals for targeted prevention of dementia. Identification of high-risk individuals is warranted since only intensive and thereby expensive multidomain intervention trials, targeting primarily cardiovascular risk factors, show improved cognition in individuals at risk of dementia.
Sleep, oscillations, and epilepsy

Sleep and wake are defined through physiological and behavioral criteria and can be typically separated into non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages N1, N2, and N3, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and wake. Sleep and wake states are not homogenous in time. Their properties vary during the night and day cycle. Given that brain activity changes as a function of NREM, REM, and wake during the night and day cycle, are seizures more likely to occur during NREM, REM, or wake at a specific time? More generally, what is the relationship between sleep–wake cycles and epilepsy? We will review specific examples from clinical data and results from experimental models, focusing on the diversity and heterogeneity of these relationships. We will use a top‐down approach, starting with the general architecture of sleep, followed by oscillatory activities, and ending with ionic correlates selected for illustrative purposes, with respect to seizures and interictal spikes. The picture that emerges is that of complexity; sleep disruption and pathological epileptic activities emerge from reorganized circuits. That different circuit alterations can occur across patients and models may explain why sleep alterations and the timing of seizures during the sleep–wake cycle are patient‐specific.