Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids from safflower seed oil by alkaline isomerization using methanol as a solvent

Synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids(CLA) through isomerization reaction using safflower seed oil as starting material,methanol as a solvent and sodium hydroxide as a catalyst in an autoclave was investigated.The uniform design was applied to optimize isomerization conditions and a regression equation was established to describe the influences of reaction temperature,reaction time,alkali dosage,safflower seed oil concentration and their interaction effects on isomerization.The calculated results of the regression equation agreed well with the experimental data.The optimal reaction conditions were temperature 177℃,time 1 h,NaOH dosage 5.6% and safflower seed oil concentration 5%. Under the optimal conditions,the yield of c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA was 87.1%,and the ratio of c9,t11-CLA and t10,c12-CLA in total conjugated linoleic acids was as high as 96.5%.
EVALUATING TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION ON INTEGRATING ICT IN TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS

Fast development and change in ICT have prompted the dispersion of innovation in teaching instructions. The motivation behind this assessment is to explore teachers’ recognition in incorporating ICT in their educating-learning process. The assessment questions focused to estimating teachers' product use and other instructional devices and materials, inclinations for proficient improvement on data assembling and support, factors that empower instructors' use of innovation, teachers' view of self-adequacy and obstructions that instructors focused upon in the middle of innovation usage in instructing learning process. A populace of 25 instructors at DHA School took part in this overview. The outcome on equipment and programming use demonstrates that lion's share of instructors in the school can't utilize equipment in showing learning process due to primarily deficiency of assets. Teachers who can't utilize ICT as instructional apparatus are 76 percent higher than the individuals who can utilize it. This demonstrates most educators in the school are not incorporating ICT in the course they instruct. In respect of the data and bolster administrations, there is no equivalent help benefit from the specialized help units. DHA School is found as poor by most of the teachers in preparing ICT trainings. The factors that encourage technology are considered highly important to apply ICT in teaching-learning process. Even though, the school teachers have strong positive perception for using ICT in teaching-learning process. Teachers’ perception toward ICT usage to increase quality of curriculum and their eventual productiveness is found as significant. This indicates that the teachers realize the productivity in integrating ICT in their professional approach. However, majority of the teachers pointed out that one of the barriers to technology implementation is lack of teachers’ technical knowledge and shortage of resources. This shows that equipping the school with ICT related apparatus is not enough for attaining educational modification. Hence, the school should critically focus on teachers’ abilities for integrating ICT in whole curriculum to make each subject’s lesson interactive and easily understandable by their students.
Crystal structure of trans-bis(2-methylmaleato-κ2O,O′) bis(piperazinium-κN) cobalt(II) trihydrate, C18H36CoN4O11

Abstract C18H36CoN4O11, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.3607(4) Å, b = 13.4260(3) Å, c = 11.2917(2) Å, β = 125.299(1), V = 2395.50(8) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0251, wRref(F2) = 0.0719, T = 123 K.
Detection of elements in slimming tea product by using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied to determine the element content in slimming tea product. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm and generating 93.7 mJ per pulses was employed to excite the pellet sample and the fluorescence emission was analyzed via spectrum analyzer. The induced spectral lines were compared with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database to identify the element. A commercial slimming tea was used as sample to be investigated whereas the natural tea leaves were used as control. The LIBS results showed that both slimming tea and natural tea leaves contain several elements including iron (Fe), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), sulfur (S), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni) and cesium (Cs). However, higher intensity of elements was found in slimming tea spectrum compared to natural tea leaves. The plasma temperatures calculated using Boltzmann plot were found to be 13588.95 K and 12319.50 K for slimming tea and tea leaves samples respectively whereas the electron density for slimming tea and tea leaves samples were 7.46 × 1016 cm-3 and 15.91 × 1016 cm-3, respectively. The plasma produced by this LIBS system was found to be in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) condition after evaluating these plasma parameters. Quantitative analysis performed by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) proved that the concentration of the elements is higher in slimming tea than in natural tea leaves.
THE IMPACT OF THE METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE CALCULATION OF CROPS WATER CONSUMPTION AND VERTICAL MOISTURE EXCHANGE IN SOIL

Aim of the study The aim of the work was to develop methods for calculating water consumption of plants and vertical moisture exchange, focusing on the impact of meteorological factors upon the agricultural conditions of reclaimed soils. Material and methods The methods of Shebeko, Rogotskiy and Pylenok, which are commonly used in Russia, were assumed as the basis of the study. The research was carried out on an ecological landfill created in the Oka river basin near Riazań (central part of the Russian Plain). The empirical data of agro-climatologic, radiation, lysimetric and soil moisture measurements in the period from the beginning of May to the end of September during the years 1981–2018 were taken into account in the conducted analyses. Processing of research materials was carried out using such methods as analysis of variance, calculation of statistical characteristics of the sample, linear correlation. The analysis of the influence of meteorological factors on the water balance of soil with three agricultural crops: lupine, potatoes, and oats was conducted in the 16 weeks following the time of sowing (planting) the crops in the field. Results and conclusions Such investigated temporal dynamics of water consumption has pointed to strong correlations of this consumption with radiation balance, saturation deficit, and bioclimatic coefficients of the agricultural crops. The new coefficients were proposed, providing more precision than the studies conducted previously in Russia, applied in the methods of calculating water consumption and vertical moisture exchange. There exists a need to calculate the optimum irrigation regime of drained soils, and to plan the regime for complex land reclamation, including technologically contaminated lands.
Shape Governs the Motion of Chemically Propelled Janus Swimmers

Artificial self-propelled micro- and nanoengines, or swimmers, have been increasingly attracting the interest of experimental and theoretical groups. They work at low Reynolds number, where inertia does not sustain motion once the driving force stops, and often require complicated chemistry in both structural and dynamical terms. Here we design and investigate computationally with a coarse-grained model some very simple devices, in the form of chemically propelled Janus swimmers, that is, asymmetrical colloidal particles that catalyze the formation of products characterized by poor interactions with part of the body of the particle. The results show that these simple systems display propulsive motion comparable to that of more complicated micro- and nanoscale engines. We also find that in analogy to the behavior of macroscopic motors the particle shape greatly matters and influences not only the random diffusion, as in Stokes–Einstein law, but also the efficiency of the propulsive motion.
Silicon Carbide Nanotubes Serving as a Highly Sensitive Gas Chemical Sensor for Formaldehyde

In order to search for a novel sensor to detect formaldehyde (HCOH), the interaction between HCOH and infinitely long zigzag single-walled silicon carbide nanotubes (SiCNTs) is investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Compared with the weak adsorption on carbon nanotubes, HCOH molecule tends to be chemisorbed to the Si–C bond of SiCNT with appreciable adsorption energy. The study of a second HCOH adsorption on SiCNT further confirms that the polarized Si–C pair is highly sensitive to the HCOH molecule. With the increase of the coverage of the adsorbed HCOH, the band gap of SiCNT is gradually decreased, thus leading to an enhancement of the conductivity property of SiCNT. It is expected that SiCNT could be a promising gas sensor for detecting the HCOH molecule.
Method for the Generation of Surface-Bound Nanoparticle Density Gradients

We report a novel, versatile method for generating number density gradients of individual gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles by a two-step method. First, a chemical gradient of amine surface functional groups is deposited by plasma copolymerization. Second, a density gradient of nanoparticles is formed by the immersion of the chemical gradient in solutions of nanoparticles. Chemical characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and morphological analysis by atomic force microscopy shows that nanoparticle density closely follows the change in nitrogen surface concentration across the gradients. We also demonstrate that it is possible to control the slope of the gradients by using nanoparticle solutions of different concentrations. Important for technological and research applications, this method can be used with nanoparticles of various sizes and different materials. In addition, the use of plasma deposition allows such gradients to be generated on any type of substrate.
Adsorption Removal of Dyes from Single and Binary Solutions Using a Cellulose-based Bioadsorbent

A high efficiency and eco-friendly porous cellulose-based bioadsorbent was synthesized by grafting acrylic acid and acrylamide to remove anionic dye acid blue 93 (AB93) and cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from single and binary dye solutions. The effects of initial dye concentration, bioadsorbent dosage, contact time, solution pH value, temperature, ionic strength and surfactant content on the adsorption capacity of the bioadsorbent were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacities of the bioadsorbent for both AB93 and MB were 1372 mg g–1 at an initial concentration of 2500 mg L–1. The conditions-dependent adsorption characteristics of the bioadsorbent indicated a high efficiency of dyes removal. The appropriate isotherm model for the equilibrium process was the Freundlich, and the kinetic studies revealed that the adsorption of AB93 and MB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorbent behaviors were dominated by the electrostatic interactions between the bioadsorbents and the dye mol.
Change-point detection and variation assessment of the hydrologic regime of the Wenyu River

ABSTRACT In recent decades, remarkable hydrological variations resulting from climate change and human activities have significantly affected rivers globally. Thus, it is important for local water resource planning and management to examine hydrologic regime variations. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the mean annual runoff series and hydrological characteristic parameter of the Wenyu River. In addition, climate change and human activity were discussed for looking for the most causative factors of hydrological variations of the Wenyu River. The results indicated that annual runoff series exhibited an overall decreasing trend with two significant change points in 1972 and 1984. Over time, the number of hydrological variation index increased significantly and different changes of hydrological regime were exhibited during various periods. The comparative analysis indicated that the variations in runoff were likely driven by human activity rather than climate change. Reservoir operations and changes in water consumption resulting from regional economic development in human activities markedly affected the hydrological features of the Wenyu River. To be specific, the variations in annual runoff and low flow were attributed to regional fluctuations in water demand, but the inter-annual changes and maximal and minimal flow variations after 1972 were likely due to the joint influence of reservoir regulations and variations in water consumption.
Newly-Isolated Laccase High Productivity Streptomyces Sp. Grown In Cedar Powder as the Sole Carbon Source

Microorganisms with greater potential to degrade lignin than well-known white-rot fungi were sought and identified, but the fungi were not less frequently employed for slow growth and little enzyme productivity. They were subjected to enriched cultures in order to explore the bacteria instead from 300 soil samples with cedar powder as the sole carbon source were prepared. From these, a culture with actinomycetes which showed the most oxidation activity of 2,6-Dimetoxyphenol (2,6-DMP) known as laccase substrate was selected and labeled as KS1025A strain. Characteristics of the bacteria and behavior of the secreted enzymes were examined. As a result, it was identified as a strain of Streptomyces sp. from the 16S rDNA gene sequence homology. The optimum temperature and pH for laccase activity of the secreted enzyme of this strain are 50°C and 4.5, respectively. Since Mn2+ was not directly oxidized, it was assumed that it did not contain manganese peroxidase. However, when MnSO4 was added during 2,6-DMP oxidation reaction, activity increased. After 120 hours of culture, 14 U/mL of laccase activity could be achieved by this strain, greatly exceeding known values by white rot fungus, namely 1.8U/mL after approximately 20 days. Furthermore, since reaction could continue without the addition of H2O2 during 2,6-DMP oxidation reaction, the culture solution is thought to contain free oxidizing agents. In addition, approximately 50% of 0.05% lignin sulfonic acid was decolorized by this strain in 5 days. The strain or the enzyme produced by it may be utilized for rapid biodegradation of lignin when adding hard (or soft) biomass containing lignin to produce bioethanol.
Effects of Solvent and Substrate on Enantioselectivity in Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification between Tributyrylglycerol and 2-Alkanol in Organic Solvent

Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL) catalyzed transesterification between tributyrylglycerol (1) and 2-alkanol (2) was studied at 30°C using various organic solvents. Log E (E : the enantiomeric ratio) showed a rough negative correlation with the solvent hydrophobicity (log P) and inverse of the dielectric constant (D) of the solvent except in the case of bulky solvents. Log E vs. log P and 10/D plots varied according to the structure [carbon number (CN)] of (2). E was minimal at CN=8 and 10 for (2). The initial rate constant (k/s-1mg-1) was measured for (R) - and (S) -2-octanols [(R) - and (S) - (2b)]. Log k showed a rough positive correlation with log P, but was essentially independent of D except for bulky solvents. The slope of log k vs. log P for (R) - (2b) was less than for (S) - (2b). Enantioselectivity (E value) is thus shown to be affected by solvent and substrate (2) structures and solvent features. A plausible active site mode of PCL catalyzed transesterification was proposed and discussed.
Liquid–Liquid Equilibria for the System Water + 4-Methylpentan-2-one + Acetic Acid at Several Temperatures

The effect of temperature on the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the ternary system of {water (1) + acetic acid (2) + 4-methylpentan-2-one (3)}, a recommended system for liquid–liquid extraction studies, was investigated at (288.2, 313.2, and 333.2) K. The reliability of the experimental tie line data was examined with the Othmer–Tobias and the Hand correlations that represented an excellent agreement. The distribution coefficient of acetic acid between organic and aqueous phases increases significantly with temperature, more than 18 % with low solute concentrations, and its value exceeds 1. Meanwhile, a high separation factor within 3.27 to 43.50 was revealed to extract acetic acid from aqueous phase at different temperatures. Higher separations are relevant for low concentrations of acetic acid at 313.2 K. In addition, the binary molecular interaction parameters for the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and the universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) models were estimated from the experimental results. Results s.
Analysis of the Effect of Attractiveness, Quality Destinations Tourist and Motivation on Tourist Satisfaction

: This study aims to analyze the effect of tourist attraction, quality of tourist destinations, tourist motivation towards, and satisfaction of tourists on Heritage tourism objects in Kota Gede, Yogyakarta. The sample used was 100 tourists. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. The analytical tool used is multiple regression models. The variables used in this study are a tourist attraction, quality of tourist destinations, tourist motivation, and tourist satisfaction. The results of the analysis prove the attractiveness of tourism, the quality of tourist destinations, and the motivation of tourists to affect the satisfaction of foreign tourists.
Comportamiento del turismo nostálgico en Uruguay y Chile

Tourism is one of the most important activities for the Uruguayan economy and for many Latin American countries. It implies more employment, improved economic activity and higher foreign exchange earnings. This work focuses on visiting friends and relatives’ tourism (VFR) or nostalgic tourism, which refers to people who emigrated from their own country and return to visit as tourists because they have family, friends, and nostalgia for their country of origin. These tourists have a dynamic and behavior of visit and expense different from traditional tourism. In this paper we compare the behavior of VFR tourists from Chile and Uruguay considering the variations in income, prices and exchange rates. We also studied the behavior of Argentinean tourists in order to compare them with the VFR, since Argentina is the country where most Chilean and Uruguayan migrants live. We used Johansen's methodology through the error correction model (VEC) trying to find co-integration relationships. Among the main results we find several co-integration relationships between income, tourism demand and the real exchange rate of Chile and Argentina and Argentina and Uruguay. By increasing Chile's economic activity by one percentage point, the arrival of Chilean VFR tourists increases by 1.7%. In the case of Argentine tourists to Chile, as economic activity grew 1%, increased 2.6%. In the case of Uruguay, the results indicate that with a 1% increase in economic activity, the arrival of Uruguayan VFR tourists increases by 2.5%, while with an improvement in economic activity in Argentina by 1%, visitors from that country to Uruguay increase by 5%. These results ratify tourism as a luxury good, although income elasticity is lower for VFR tourism than for foreign visitors.
Tuning of Electrical Conductivity by Photoirradiation and Electric Fields

Control of electrical conductivity by using external stimuli such as photoirradiation and electric fields is one of the major subjects in materials science because of prospects for the discovery of potential optoelectronic materials. Photoexcitation of crystalline materials can lead to the change of the electronic states and the excitation of vibrational motions via the nonradiative relaxation process from the electronically excited states. Thus, the change of phases and physical properties of crystalline materials is expected with photoirradiation. The application of electric fields is also known to be able to control carrier concentration and modify electronic states in materials. Moreover, the concurrent application of these external stimuli is expected to advance for unprecedented optoelectronic functions to be revealed due to synergy effects. As a target in the exploration of the control using external stimuli, the crystalline molecular charge-transfer complex which shows metallic conductivity, that .
A facile method for simultaneous analysis of phytosterols, erythrodiol, uvaol, tocopherols and lutein in olive oils by LC-MS

In this work a facile, sensitive and reliable method was developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of phytosterols, erythrodiol, uvaol, tocopherols and lutein in olive oils. Analytes extracted from saponified olive oils were directly determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt was added into oils as an antioxidant prior to the saponification process, since tocopherols are sensitive to the effect of light and elevated temperature. We found that using L-ascorbic acid sodium salt made the sample treatment become a facile procedure. In this case we no longer need to use amber glass tubes or enwrap the tubes with aluminum foil. Separation was achieved on a C18 column with a gradient of acetonitrile/water (0.1% formic acid). Erythrodiol and uvaol were quantified separately for the first time in HPLC based analysis. The selected ion monitoring (SIM) mass spectra of 14 analytes were measured by using a mass spectrometer with an APCI ion source. Parameters including the linearity of the standard curves, the detection and quantification limits, recovery, repeatability and reproducibility were evaluated for the validation of the method.
What the Parents Think About the Future of their Young Sons in Farming: A Case of Haryana

The present study was carried out by using exploratory research design in the Hisar district of Haryana comprising nine blocks. Two villages from each block (18 villages) and from each village, five households were selected purposively having living father and his own young son between age of 15–29 yrs engaged in farming making a total of 180 respondents (90 son and 90 parents from 90 households). They were personally interviewed through two different interview schedules. The study revealed that majority of the parents as respondents belonged to low socio economic status. Respondents (parents and son) were classified as per their educational, occupational, economic, social and career aspiration for their children. Post graduation was the highest aspirations of 61.1 per cent parents followed by professional degree revealed by 21.1 per cent parents. On the contrary 48.89 per cent youth aspired for graduation as highest qualification followed by post graduation. Parents and sons had high aspirations for getting high income jobs and did not vary in their economic aspirations. Social aspirations were also found almost same of parents towards their children and sons towards themselves, both wished to be respectable as their major social aspiration. For sons, economic aspirations were at the top followed by educational and social aspirations whereas parents wished that their children should complete the highest education first and then should go for earn money. 52.20 per cent respondents (parents) did not desire to continue to remain their children in farming activities and more than 80 per cent sons wanted to be migrated from the village first to fulfil their aspirations by living in the urban areas. High and significant correlation was found between the attitude of parents towards their children in farming and attitude of sons towards farming and revealed moderately favourable attitude towards farming.