Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Curriculum Requirements among Hospitality and Tourism Management Programs in AACSB Colleges of Business in the United States

ABSTRACT Hospitality and tourism management programs are becoming a staple of university curricula throughout the world, offering a wide diversity of courses and programs. Historically, such programs have evolved as independent schools or colleges within their universities. More often they have developed as departments under larger schools or colleges such as geography, recreation, home economics, and business. As a result, the academic field has struggled with an identity crisis of sorts due to the diversity of academic homes and the lack of a widely recognized common body of knowledge that constitutes the core theory and concepts. To investigate the current state of hospitality and tourism management curriculum in all business schools in the United States accredited by AACSB International—The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business—28 programs were surveyed to determine the depth and breadth of requirements for major, minor and concentration in hospitality and tourism management. The results indicate hospitality and tourism management major curriculums in business schools are moving toward a core group of required business and hospitality and tourism management courses. However, there is little consensus on what courses constitute the hospitality and tourism management concentration and minor.
An observational search for carbonates on Mars

A search for carbonates and other salts exposed on the surface of Mars was undertaken by observing areas of the surface in the 2.6-μm to 4.2-μm spectral region using the University of Hawaii 2.2-m telescope at the Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii. Observations of four Mars areas (Syrtis Major, Hellas, Arabia, and an area northeast of Hellas) were made on the night of September 19, 1986. The reflectance spectra for two partially overlapping areas show a weak absorption band in the 3.8-μm to 3.9-μm region, which is in the spectral region where carbonate absorptions appear: 3.8-μm to 4.0-μm. The Mars area of overlap contains Syrtis Planum. The spectral feature (from about 3.76 μm to 3.95 μm) is clearly shortward of and broader than the calcium carbonate band (about 3.9 μm to 4.0 μm) and is at a slightly shorter wavelength position than magnesium carbonate (magnesite) bands (about 3.8 μm to 3.96 μm) as measured in this study. Positive identification of this band cannot be made by us at this time. Measurements for two other Mars areas show no evidence of carbonate or other bands. If the band is due to absorptions in the Mars surface material spectrum and if it is due to carbonates, then the results imply about 3 to 5 wt % of a carbonate such as magnesite on average in the upper few millimeters of the Mars surface material over the two areas where the weak spectral feature appears. We can place an upper limit of 3 to 5 wt % calcium carbonate and about 5 wt % magnesite for all areas observed. The interpretations are based on laboratory measurements of the reflectance spectra of calcite and magnesite and their mixtures with palagonite. Effects of thermal emission on the detection of carbonates were also explored for a wide range of temperatures. Thermal effects are not sufficient to mask the presence of calcite in the 3 to 5 wt % range. Theoretical reasoning strongly supporting the presence of carbonates as a component of the Mars surface is reviewed. These and earlier observations do not rule out carbonates below the surface in other locations, as small outcrops, or in concentrations of less than 3 to 5 % of the areas observed.
Septic Arthritis of the Knee after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Surgery

Background Septic arthritis is a rare complication after anterior cruciate ligament surgery. All case series reported so far have been retrospective, and case numbers of septic arthritis have ranged from 4 to 11. Hypothesis A stage-adapted treatment regimen for septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament surgery can provide reliable results. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods From June 1993 to May 2003, 24 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. The average age at trauma was 32.5 years. Treatment protocol was based on the grade of infection. Options included transarthroscopic treatment for Gaechter grades 1 and 2 infections or medial and lateral arthrotomy for grades 3 and 4 infections. Graft retention was decided based on clinical findings. The setting was a specialized trauma hospital. Follow-up included International Knee Documentation Committee forms, radiographs, and the Tegner and Lysholm scores at a mean of 66 months (range, 11-142) after treatment. Results In all cases, treatment of infection was successful; overall, a mean of 2.2 operations were required. In 7 cases, it was possible to salvage the graft. The Tegner activity level before the knee injury was 6.1 points. At follow-up, the average score was 3.8 points. The postoperative subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score averaged 64. The mean Lysholm score was 65.6. On clinical examination, a mean extension deficit of 3° and a mean maximum flexion of 120° were found. In the single-legged hop test, a mean capacity of 63% compared with the uninjured side was measured. Conclusion The described treatment regimen gives reliable results for this complication. There were no recurrences of septic arthritis or bone infection. Early infection can be managed arthroscopically with satisfactory results regarding the treatment of infection. In advanced or chronic infection, a more radical approach seems favorable. Results in these cases are overall only fair compared with patients with an uncomplicated anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Gap-junction communication between autologous endothelial and tumor cells induce cross-recognition and elimination by specific CTL (41.58)

Cellular interactions in the tumor stroma play a major role in cancer progression but can also induce tumor rejection. To explore the role of endothelial cells in these interactions, we used an in vitro 3D collagen matrix model containing a cytotoxic T lymphocyte CTL clone (M4.48), autologous tumor cells (M4T) and an endothelial cell (M4E) line that are all derived from the same tumor. We demonstrate here that specific killing of the endothelial cells by the CTL clone required the autologous tumor cells and involved antigen cross-presentation. The formation of gap-junctions between endothelial and tumor cells is required for antigenic peptide transfer to endothelial cells that are then recognized and eliminated by CTL. Our results indicate that gap-junctions facilitate an effective CTL-mediated destruction of endothelial cells from the tumor microenvironment which may contribute to the control of tumor progression.
Objective drought and high flow catalogues for Europe

Regional drought and high flow characteristics vary spatially and temporally throughout Europe, and therefore objective classifications of drought and high flows are preferred in determining the variable regional characteristics of hydrological extremes. This study applies objective methodologies for defining regional droughts (Regional Deficiency Index; RDI) and high flow episodes (Regional High Flow Index; RHFI) to observed daily river flow timeseries from 579 stations across Europe, over the period 1961-2005. Drought and high flow catalogues are presented for 23 homogeneous European regions, allowing an assessment of the regional variation in the extent, duration, seasonality and spatio-temporal evolution of hydrological extremes in Europe.
Spatial Neglect: Is Rehabilitation Effective?

Section Editor: Graeme J. Hankey MD, FRACP ### Background Unilateral spatial neglect can reduce a person’s ability to look, listen, or make movements toward one half of their environment. Many rehabilitation approaches have been used to reduce the disabling effects of this cognitive deficit following stroke. These approaches have included training in visual scanning and providing tactile cues to draw attention to the affected side. ### Objectives This Cochrane systematic review aimed to determine the effects of cognitive rehabilitation for neglect following stroke as measured on impairment and activity (disability) level assessments, and destination on discharge from hospital. We also aimed to determine whether any effects persisted at follow-up assessment. ### Search Strategy We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group’s Trials …
Identification of whispering gallery modes in a fiber based sensor platform

Development of whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensors of nanoparticles deposited on a sidewall surface of circular resonators require identification of polarizations and modal numbers of WGMs involved. Using analytical modeling approach based on Mie scattering theory, we identified WGMs excited experimentally in a side-coupled configuration with controlled polarization.
Name Proc Type CoreType Init Destroy File URI Processing Element Name CoreType Bandwidth Latency Read

The emergence of multi-processor, multi-threaded architectures (referred to as multi-? architectures) facilitates the design of high-throughput request processing systems (e.g., multiservice routers for GENI [22], intrusion detection systems [25], graphics and gaming systems [1], [12], [19], as well as highthroughput web servers and transaction processing systems [3], [4], [18], [24]). Because of the challenges in programming such architectures realizing this promise has proved to be difficult. In this paper, we describe the design of Lagniappe, a programming environment that simplifies the design of portable, highthroughput applications on multi-? architectures. Lagniappe uses a hybrid programming model: it combines a procedural specification (e.g., in C++) of the basic operators for processing requests with a declarative specification—expressed using a model-driven development framework—of the various features of the operators and the target hardware platform. Using the declarative specification, the Lagniappe programming environment automates the mapping of applications onto the multi-? platform, performs dynamic allocation of resources to operators, and ensures efficient and coherent accesses to persistent, shared state.
Farmer Management of Production Risk on Degraded Lands : The Role of Wheat Genetic Diversity in Tigray Region , Ethiopia

This article investigates the effects of wheat genetic diversity and land degradation on risk and agricultural productivity in less favoured production environments of a developing agricultural economy. Drawing production data from household and plot surveys conducted in the highlands of Ethiopia, we estimate a stochastic production function to evaluate the effects of variety richness, land degradation, and their interaction on the mean and the variance of wheat yield. Ethiopia is a centre of diversity for durum wheat and farmers manage complex variety mixtures on multiple plots. Econometric evidence shows that variety richness increases productivity and reduces yield variability, while land degradation augments exposure to risk. Simulations with estimated parameters illustrate how farmers mitigate the adverse effects of land degradation on wheat productivity and risk exposure by planting more diverse durum wheat varieties on multiple plots.
Using Bayesian hierarchical parameter estimation to assess the generalizability of cognitive models of choice SCHEIBEHENNE , Benjamin , PACHUR ,

To be useful, cognitive models with fitted parameters should show generalizability across time and allow accurate predictions of future observations. It has been proposed that hierarchical procedures yield better estimates of model parameters than do nonhierarchical, independent approaches, because the formers’ estimates for individuals within a group can mutually inform each other. Here, we examine Bayesian hierarchical approaches to evaluating model generalizability in the context of two prominent models of risky choice—cumulative prospect theory (Tversky & Kahneman, 1992) and the transfer-of-attention-exchange model (Birnbaum & Chavez, 1997). Using empirical data of risky choices collected for each individual at two time points, we compared the use of hierarchical versus independent, nonhierarchical Bayesian estimation techniques to assess two aspects of model generalizability: parameter stability (across time) and predictive accuracy. The relative performance of hierarchical versus independent estimation varied across the different measures of generalizability. The hierarchical approach improved parameter [. ] SCHEIBEHENNE, Benjamin, PACHUR, Thorsten. Using Bayesian hierarchical parameter estimation to assess the generalizability of cognitive models of choice. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review (PB&R), 2015, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 391-407 DOI : 10.3758/s13423-014-0684-4
Dehydration potential of ultrathin clouds at the tropical tropopause

We report on the first simultaneous in situ and remote measurements of subvisible cirrus in the uppermost tropical troposphere. The observed cirrus, called UTTCs (ultrathin tropical tropopause clouds), are the geometrically (200–300 m) and optically (τ ≈ 10−4) thinnest large‐scale clouds ever sampled (≈105 km2). UTTCs consist of only a few ice particles per liter with mean radius ≈5 μm, containing only 1–5 % of the total water. Yet, brief adiabatic cooling events only 1–2 K below mean ambient temperature destabilize UTTCs, leading to large sedimenting particles (r ≈ 25 μm). Due to their extreme altitude above 17 km and low particle number density, UTTCs may efficiently dehydrate air during its last encounter with the ice phase before entering the stratosphere.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Immunthrombozytopenie

Was ist neu? Ursachen Die Ursachen der Immunthrombozytopenie (ITP) sind sehr vielfältig. Eine ITP liegt gemäß der aktuellen Definition nur vor, wenn die Thrombozyten wiederholt unter 100 × 109/l liegen. Klinisches Bild Die Blutungsneigung bei einer ITP ist geringer als bei Patienten mit einer vergleichbaren Thrombozytopenie anderer Ursache. Diagnostik Die ITP ist eine Ausschlussdiagnose. Es gibt keinen Labortest und keine Untersuchung, die eine ITP „beweist“. Stadieneinteilung und Therapieziele Die neue Einteilung der ITP in 3 Stadien hat die traditionelle Einteilung in „akut“ und „chronisch“ abgelöst. Thrombozyten-Schwellenwert Die Indikationsstellung zur Therapie richtet sich nicht allein nach der Thrombozytenzahl, sondern berücksichtigt weitere individuelle Patientenfaktoren. Therapie Arzneimittel der Wahl in der Erstlinientherapie sind Predniso(lo)n oder Dexamethason. Bei lebensbedrohlichen Blutungen ist die zusätzliche Gabe von Thrombozyten-Konzentraten indiziert. Die wirksamsten Zweitlinientherapien sind die Gabe von Thrombopoetin-Rezeptor-Agonisten oder die Splenektomie. In der Drittlinientherapie werden Präparate auch „off-label“ empfohlen. Operationen und Zahneingriffe Vor invasiven Eingriffen sollte präoperativ eine Anhebung der Thrombozyten-Zahl erreicht werden. Eine Anhebung in den Normbereich ist nicht erforderlich.
Socioeconomic Factors , Health Behavior and Late-Stage Diagnosis of 2 Breast Cancer : Considering the Impact of Delay in Diagnosis 3

16 Purpose: Stage of cancer at diagnosis is one of the most im portant factors in the prognosis of the patients. 17 Controlling for diagnostic delay, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the late-stage of breast cancer. 18 Methods: From November 2014 to January 2017, required infor mation on 497 patients who were newly diagnosed 19 with breast cancer was obtained from patient’s medi cal record. Logistic regression was used to measure the 20 association between stage of cancer and the study v ariables. Results: The results suggested that only 18.3% of the 21 patients were diagnosed at stage I. The rest were d iagnosed at stage II (45.5%) or higher (36.2%). Amo ng those with 22 less or equal to 3 months diagnostic delay, age (OR =0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.93 – 0.99), place of 23 residency (OR Urban/rural=1.72, 95% CI: 1.42 – 1.93 ), income (OR high/low=0.27, 95%CI: 0.10 – 0.72), 24 performing BSE (OR yes/no=0.51, 95% CI: 0.0.26 -0.9 8), smoking (OR yes/no =2.23, 95%CI: 1.37 – 3.62), history 25 of chest X-ray (OR yes/no = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16 – 1. 98) and suffering from chronic diseases (OR yes/no =1.73, 95% 26 CI: 1.36 – 5.48) and for those with a delay longer than 3 months, marriage age (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.73 – 0.94), 27 income (OR high/low=0.07, 95% CI: 0.008 – 0.63), fa mily history of BC (OR=3.82, 95% CI: 1.05 –5.05), d aily 28 exercise (OR<10/10-20=0.10, 95% CI: 0.01 – 0.67) an d suffering from chronic diseases (OR yes/no =1.77, 95% CI: 29 1.73 – 5.07) were associated with the late stage of cancer. Conclusion: The study revealed that shortening the 30 diagnosis delay can help patients to take medical t re tments at the earlier stage and have better prog nosis. It seems 31 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 that smokers or younger women and those with chroni c conditions or a family history of breast cancer a re better to 32 take extra caution as they may have worse prognosis if diagnosed with cancer. 33
The role of Hes genes in intestinal development, homeostasis and tumor formation

Notch signaling regulates intestinal development, homeostasis and tumorigenesis, but its precise downstream mechanism remains largely unknown. Here we found that inactivation of the Notch effectors Hes1, Hes3 and Hes5, but not Hes1 alone, led to reduced cell proliferation, increased secretory cell formation and altered intestinal structures in adult mice. However, in Apc mutation-induced intestinal tumors, inactivation of Hes1 alone was sufficient for reducing tumor cell proliferation and inducing differentiation of tumor cells into all types of intestinal epithelial cells, but without affecting the homeostasis of normal crypts owing to genetic redundancy. These results indicated that Hes genes cooperatively regulate intestinal development and homeostasis and raised the possibility that Hes1 is a promising target to induce the differentiation of tumor cells.
Systematic screening identifies dual PI3K and mTOR inhibition as a conserved 2 therapeutic vulnerability in osteosarcoma 3

in from of introduction agents. To probe for new susceptibilities, we have undertaken independent genome wide siRNA and chemical screens in murine models of human OS, identifying PI3K and mTOR 83 pathways as therapeutic vulnerabilities. Our studies demonstrate that dual inhibition of PI3K 84 and mTOR pathways, but not either pathway independently, led to apoptosis of OS cells. These findings were recapitulated in genetically diverse primary human OS samples in 86 separate facilities. These data demonstrate that dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors warrant prioritization for development as a strategy to treat osteosarcoma. Abstract 90 Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common cancer of bone occurring mostly in 91 teenagers. Despite rapid advances in our knowledge of the genetics and cell biology of OS, 92 significant improvements in patient survival have not been observed. The identification of 93 effective therapeutics has been largely empirically based. The identification of new therapies 94 and therapeutic targets are urgently needed to enable improved outcomes for OS patients. 95 Experimental Design: We have used genetically engineered murine models of human OS in 96 a systematic, genome wide screen to identify new candidate therapeutic targets. We 97 performed a genome wide siRNA screen, with or without doxorubicin. In parallel a screen of 98 therapeutically relevant small molecules was conducted on primary murine and primary 99 human OS derived cell cultures. All results were validated across independent cell cultures 100 and across human and mouse OS. 101 Results: The results from the genetic and chemical screens significantly overlapped, with a 102 profound enrichment of pathways regulated by PI3K and mTOR pathways. Drugs that 103 concurrently target both PI3K and mTOR were effective at inducing apoptosis in primary OS 104 cell cultures in vitro in both human and mouse OS, while specific PI3K or mTOR inhibitors 105 were not effective. The results were confirmed with siRNA and small molecule approaches. 106 Rationale combinations of specific PI3K and mTOR inhibitors could recapitulate the effect on 107 OS cell cultures. 108 Conclusions: The approaches described here have identified dual inhibition of the 109 PI3K/mTOR pathway as a sensitive, druggable target in OS and provide rationale for 110 translational studies with these agents.
Mapping Track Density Changes In Nigrostriatal And Extranigral Pathways In Parkinson’s Disease (P6.066)

OBJECTIVE: To identify the pattern of microstructural brain disturbances in a cohort of Parkinon’s disease (PD) patients without dementia using track density imaging (TDI) whose super-resolution ability to image the white matter has been previously validated by histology. BACKGROUND: In vivo mapping of both brainstem and nigro-striatal abnormalities in PD has been challenging using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN/METHODS: We used a state-of-the-art diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) sequence (120 diffusion directions) in 27 non-demented PD patients (mean disease duration: 5 years, mean score on the Hoehn & Yahr and the Mattis dementia rating scale was 1.5 and 136.4, respectively) and 26 controls matched for age, sex, and education level. We performed a voxel-wise analysis of whole-brain high-resolution (1 mm3) maps of streamline counts obtained using TDI. Results were thresholded at p < 0.05, corrected at the cluster-level using the family-wise error rate. RESULTS: The most widespread group difference was found in a brainstem cluster encompassing the known location of the locus coeruleus and pedunculopontine nucleus, raphe nucleus, and pontine crossing tracts. Relative increases in the patients extended upward through the mesencephalon, including the substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum, up to the medial aspects of the posterior putamen, bilaterally. Nigrostriatal abnormalities clearly predominated on the hemisphere contralateral to the clinically most affected side (http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=kjJbIx9GBxY). Patients also showed less widespread increases in the subcortical white matter of the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, bilaterally. In this whole-brain voxel-based study, we were unable to find any group differences using fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, or mode images. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of brain abnormalities identified in nigral and extranigral areas using these advanced MRI methods shows for the first time a large overlap with the known distribution of neuropathological changes in non-demented PD patients. Study Supported by: Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research, Leon Fredericq Foundation (University of Liege), the Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology program, and the Marie Curie Initial Training Network in Neurophysics (PITN-GA-2009-238593). Disclosure: Dr. Garraux has received research support from AbbVie in the form of a travel grant. Dr. Ziegler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rouillard has nothing to disclose. Dr. Andre has nothing to disclose. Dr. Coolen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stender has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balteau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Phillips has nothing to disclose.
Variations in the Mechanical Energy Cycle of the Atmosphere

The climate changes are examined from a specific perspective ― the mechanical energy cycle of the atmosphere. Statistical studies based on a most complete and physical consistent dataset reveal robust trends in the atmospheric energies and conversion rates between different energies. These trends suggest that our climate system is in a more efficient state, but still close to dynamical balance. Our finding will help to understand the climate changes in a broader perspective