Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Heterogenous LexA Expression in Staphylococcus aureus by an Antisense RNA Originating from Transcriptional Read-Through upon Natural Mispairings in the sbrB Intrinsic Terminator

Bacterial genomes are pervasively transcribed, generating a wide variety of antisense RNAs (asRNAs). Many of them originate from transcriptional read-through events (TREs) during the transcription termination process. Previous transcriptome analyses revealed that the lexA gene from Staphylococcus aureus, which encodes the main SOS response regulator, is affected by the presence of an asRNA. Here, we show that the lexA antisense RNA (lexA-asRNA) is generated by a TRE on the intrinsic terminator (TTsbrB) of the sbrB gene, which is located downstream of lexA, in the opposite strand. Transcriptional read-through occurs by a natural mutation that destabilizes the TTsbrB structure and modifies the efficiency of the intrinsic terminator. Restoring the mispairing mutation in the hairpin of TTsbrB prevented lexA-asRNA transcription. The level of lexA-asRNA directly correlated with cellular stress since the expressions of sbrB and lexA-asRNA depend on the stress transcription factor SigB. Comparative analyses revealed strain-specific nucleotide polymorphisms within TTsbrB, suggesting that this TT could be prone to accumulating natural mutations. A genome-wide analysis of TREs suggested that mispairings in TT hairpins might provide wider transcriptional connections with downstream genes and, ultimately, transcriptomic variability among S. aureus strains.
“Compoundless Anaesthesia”, Controlled Administration, and Post-Operative Recovery Acceleration: Musings on Theoretical Nanomedicine Applications

Much research has been conducted on how patients may be served through new advances in perioperative anaesthetic care. However, adaptations of standardised care methodologies can only provide so many novel solutions for patients and caregivers alike. Similarly, unique methods such as nanoscopic liposomal package delivery for analgesics and affective numbing agents pose a similar issue—specifically that we are still left with the dilemma of patients for whom analgesics and numbing agents are ineffective or harmful. An examination of the potential gains that may result from the targeted development of nanorobotics for anaesthesia in perioperative care will be presented in this essay to help resolve this pending conflict for the research community. This examination should therefore serve as a “call to action” for such research and a “primer” for those for whom the method’s implementation would most directly impact.
Invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Function

The critical role of the coronary microvascular compartment and its invasive functional assessment has become apparent in light of the significant proportion of patients presenting signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia, despite the absence of epicardial disease, or after the adequate treatment of it. However, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) represents a diagnostic challenge because of the small dimensions of the coronary microvasculature, which prevents direct angiographic visualization. Several diagnostic tools are now available for the invasive assessment of the coronary microvascular function, which, in association with the physiological indices used to investigate the epicardial department, may provide a comprehensive evaluation of the coronary circulation as a whole. Recent evidence suggests that the physiology-guided management of CMD, although apparently costly and time-consuming, may offer a net clinical benefit in terms of symptom improvement among patients with angina and ischemic heart disease. However, despite the results of several observational studies, the prognostic effect of the physiology-driven management of CMD within this population is currently a matter of debate, and therefore represents an unmet clinical need that urgently deserves further investigation.
Exploring New Technologies for Plankton Observations and Monitoring of Ocean Health

oceans where they dominate life in terms of abundance and biomass (Bar-On and Milo, 2019). They are essential players in the functioning of marine ecosystems. Among them, microscopic algae called phytoplankton use sunlight to generate biomass from carbon dioxide and water, forming the basis of planktonic food webs, contributing about half of global primary productivity through photosynthesis, and producing about half of the world’s oxygen (Field et al., 1998). Phytoplankton are grazed by slightly larger, yet often still minuscule, animals called zooplankton that in turn are eaten by large predators such as fish or whales. Fish and many seabed-dwelling organisms such as corals or starfish commonly start their lives as zooplankton larvae. But plankton also include protists (flagellates, broadly defined), bacteria, and viruses, far tinier organisms that may feast on zooplankton leftovers or dead cells, or may live as parasites within the bodies of larger plankton cells. DNA analyses have revealed that less than 10% of the estimated total plankton biodiversity is known and formally described today—and most of the unknown species are smaller than the width of a hair (de Vargas et al., 2015). Plankton diversity is not equally distributed across the ocean. At the global scale, plankton differ from pole to pole according to temperature gradients and the degree of seasonal changes in the environment (Righetti et al., 2019). At local scales, nutrient availability, seasonal environmental variation, and interactions among species or with anthropogenic stressors determine plankton community composition (Beaugrand, 2014). Because plankton have short lifespans (often days or weeks) and their internal dynamics are tightly linked to global and local environmental conditions, they react quickly to environmental changes. These changes have cascading effects through the food web and significantly impact, for example, commercial fish recruitment. With the ocean under increasing stress from human activities, measuring changes in plankton communities is critical for addressing ocean health and food security and for tracking changes in nutrient and carbon cycles (including the effectiveness or disruption of the biological carbon pump; Zhang et al., 2018). Plankton diversity can serve as an indicator for tracking anthropogenic environmental disturbances brought about by the maritime industry (e.g., Figure 1), eutrophication, industrial wastewater, invasive species, overfishing, TOPIC 2. ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR DIVERSITY
Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Religious and Spiritual Support in Sri Lankan Patients with Cancer

Background: Religious and spiritual support (RSS) is considered a vital method of coping among patients with cancer and cancer survivors. Measuring religion and spiritual support received by cancer patients has very little evidence in Sri Lanka compared to the western countries. It would be affected on cancer care management and speedy recovery process of cancer patients; could be benefited to reduce long-term suffering of patients with cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure religion and spiritual support in patients with cancer. Methods: WHO guidelines were incorporated into the cross-cultural adaptation of the newly developed religious and spiritual support scale (RSSS). Internal consistency for the overall RSSS was investigated using Cronbach’s alpha. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to examine the test-retest reliability of the RSSS for the same sample. Validity was checked using convergent and divergent validity. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to test factorial/construct validity.Results: The Sinhalese version of RSSS showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha-0.883). The scale revealed favourable test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.981). The overall RSSS score correlated negatively and positively with depressive symptoms (r= - 0.338, p<0.05) and quality of life scores; overall (r=0.421, p<0.001), physical (r=0.340, p<0.05), psychological (r=0.279, p=0.08), social (r=0.373, p<0.05) and environmental quality of life (r=0.429, p<0.001) confirming satisfactory divergent and convergent validity of the Sinhalese version of the RSSS. Factor analysis with PCA extracted two factors explaining 74.47% of the variance.Conclusions: The Sinhalese version of RSSS is a reliable and valid scale to assess the religious and spiritual support of patients with cancer in Sri Lanka.
INFLUENCER COMMUNICATION ON THE SOCIAL NETWORK INSTAGRAM

The topic of influencers has been a widely used word in recent years. It is a person who, through social media networks, influences the target groups of their followers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the communication of selected influencers on the social platform Instagram. Using classification analysis, data on individual influencers are presented. For the sake of interesting results and the proof that the success of an influencer does not only depend on how many followers they have on their profile, the influencers were selected with the help of respondents who assessed them independently. The data were obtained on the social platform Instagram and subsequently processed on the basis of the last five contributions as of April 3, 2020. This work is focused mainly on the number of responses to influencers in the form of likes or comments, furthermore we also calculate what share of their contributions is from 2020, mainly due to the fact that influencers on Instagram started to become known mostly in that year. The statistics of individual Instagram profiles and their subsequent comparison with each other are presented. The results show that it does not entirely depend on how many followers an influencer has, but that it depends more on the quality and impact of individual posts.
Dataset of antiarch placoderms (the most basal jawed vertebrates) throughout Middle Paleozoic

Abstract. Antiarch placoderms, the most basal jawed vertebrates, have the potential to enlighten the origin of the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates. Quantitative study based on credible data is more convincing than qualitative study. To reveal the antiarch distribution in space and time, we created a comprehensive structured dataset of antiarchs comprising 64 genera and 6025 records. This dataset, which includes associated chronological and geographic information, has been digitalized from academic publications manually into the DeepBone database as a dateset. We implemented the paleogeographic map marker to visualize the biogeography of antiarchs. The comprehensive data of Antiarcha allow us to generate its biodiversity and variation rate changes throughout its duration. Structured data of antiarchs has tremendous research potential, including testing hypotheses in the fields of the biodiversity changes, distribution, differentiation,population and community composition. Also, it will be easily accessible by the other tools to generate new understanding on the evolution of early vertebrates. The data file described in this paper is available on https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5639529 (Pan and Zhu, 2021).
Metformin-Incorporated Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Promotes Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Rat Alveolar Bone Defect Model

In this study, we fabricated gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite/metformin scaffold (GHMS) and compared its effectiveness in bone regeneration with extraction-only, Sinbone, and Bio-Oss Collagen® groups in a critical size rat alveolar bone defect model. GHMS was synthesized by co-precipitating calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid within gelatin solution, incorporating metformin, and cross-linked by microbial transglutaminase. The morphology, characterization, and biocompatibility of scaffold were examined. The in vitro effects of GHMS on osteogenic gene and protein expressions were evaluated. In vivo bone formation was assessed in a critical size rat alveolar bone defect model with micro-computed tomography and histological examination by comparing GHMS with extraction-only, Sinbone, and Bio-Oss Collagen®. The synthesized GHMS had a highly interconnected porous structure with a mean pore size of 81.85 ± 13.8 µm. GHMS exhibited good biocompatibility; promoted ALPL, RUNX2, SP7, BGLAP, SPARC and Col1a1 gene expressions; and upregulated the synthesis of osteogenic proteins, including osteonectin, osteocalcin, and collagen type I. In critical size rat alveolar bone defects, GHMS showed superior bone regeneration compared to extraction-only, Sinbone, and Bio-Oss Collagen® groups as manifested by greater alveolar ridge preservation, while more bone formation with a lower percentage of connective tissue and residual scaffold at the defect sites grafted with GHMS in histological staining. The GHMS presented in this study may be used as a potential bone substitute to regenerate alveolar bone. The good biocompatibility, relatively fast degradation, interconnected pores allowing vascularization, and higher bioactivity properties of the components of the GHMS (gelatin, nHA, and metformin) may contribute to direct osteogenesis.
Designing Effective eHealth Interventions for Underserved Groups: Five Lessons From a Decade of eHealth Intervention Design and Deployment

Despite the proliferation of eHealth interventions, such as web portals, for health information dissemination or the use of mobile apps and wearables for health monitoring, research has shown that underserved groups do not benefit proportionately from these eHealth interventions. This is largely because of usability issues and the lack of attention to the broader structural, physical, and psychosocial barriers to technology adoption and use. The objective of this paper is to draw lessons from a decade of experience in designing different user-centered eHealth interventions (eg, web portals and health apps) to inform future work in leveraging technology to address health disparities. We draw these lessons from a series of interventions from the work we have done over 15 years in the Viswanath laboratory at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, focusing on three projects that used web portals and health apps targeted toward underserved groups. The projects were the following: Click to Connect, which was a community-based eHealth intervention that aimed to improve internet skills and health literacy among underserved groups by providing home access to high-speed internet, computer, and internet training classes, as well as a dedicated health web portal with ongoing technical support; PLANET MassCONECT, which was a knowledge translation project that built capacity among community-based organizations in Boston, Lawrence, and Worcester in Massachusetts to adopt evidence-based health promotion programs; and Smartphone App for Public Health, which was a mobile health research that facilitated both participatory (eg, surveys) and passive data (eg, geolocations and web-browsing behaviors) collection for the purpose of understanding tobacco message exposure in individuals’ built environment. Through our work, we distilled five key principles for researchers aiming to design eHealth interventions for underserved groups. They are as follows: develop a strategic road map to address communication inequalities (ie, a concrete action plan to identify the barriers faced by underserved groups and customize specific solutions to each of them), engage multiple stakeholders from the beginning for the long haul, design with usability—readability and navigability—in mind, build privacy safeguards into eHealth interventions and communicate privacy–utility tradeoffs in simplicity, and strive for an optimal balance between open science aspirations and protection of underserved groups.
Metabolic Connectivity and Hemodynamic-Metabolic Coherence of Human Prefrontal Cortex at Rest and Post Photobiomodulation Assessed by Dual-Channel Broadband NIRS

Billions of neurons in the human brain form neural networks with oscillation rhythms. Infra-slow oscillation (ISO) presents three main physiological sources: endogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic vasomotions. Having an in vivo methodology for the absolute quantification of ISO from the human brain can facilitate the detection of brain abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic activities. In this study, we introduced a novel measurement-plus-analysis framework for the non-invasive quantification of prefrontal ISO by (1) taking dual-channel broadband near infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) measurements from 12 healthy humans during a 6-min rest and 4-min post transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and (2) performing wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis on the measured time series data. The WTC indexes (IC, between 0 and 1) enabled the assessment of ipsilateral hemodynamic-metabolic coherence and bilateral functional connectivity in each ISO band of the human prefrontal cortex. At rest, bilateral hemodynamic connectivity was consistent across the three ISO bands (IC ≅ 0.66), while bilateral metabolic connectivity was relatively weaker. For post-tPBM/sham comparison, our analyses revealed three key findings: 8-min, right-forehead, 1064-nm tPBM (1) enhanced the amplitude of metabolic oscillation bilaterally, (2) promoted the bilateral metabolic connectivity of neurogenic rhythm, and (3) made the main effect on endothelial cells, causing alteration of hemodynamic-metabolic coherence on each side of the prefrontal cortex.
Current role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic cancer

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as an invaluable tool for the diagnosis, staging and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EUS is currently the most sensitive imaging tool for the detection of solid pancreatic tumors. Conventional EUS has evolved, and new imaging techniques, such as contrast-enhanced harmonics and elastography, have been developed to improve diagnostic accuracy during the evaluation of focal pancreatic lesions. More recently, evaluation with artificial intelligence has shown promising results to overcome operator-related flaws during EUS imaging evaluation. Currently, an appropriate diagnosis is based on a proper histological assessment, and EUS-guided tissue acquisition is the standard procedure for pancreatic sampling. Newly developed cutting needles with core tissue procurement provide the possibility of molecular evaluation for personalized oncological treatment. Interventional EUS has modified the therapeutic approach, primarily for advanced pancreatic cancer. EUS-guided fiducial placement for local targeted radiotherapy treatment or EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation has been developed for local treatment, especially for patients with pancreatic cancer not suitable for surgical resection. Additionally, EUS-guided therapeutic procedures, such as celiac plexus neurolysis for pain control and EUS-guided biliary drainage for biliary obstruction, have dramatically improved in recent years toward a more effective and less invasive procedure to palliate complications related to PDAC. All the current benefits of EUS in the diagnosis and management of PDAC will be thoroughly discussed.
An Overview on Chest Pain Diagnostic Approach in Primary Health Care Centre

Chest pain can be a diagnostic challenge in medical practice. Noncardiac causes are prevalent, yet it is significant not to miss critical presentations such as acute coronary syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and tension pneumothorax. Nonthreatening etiologies of chest pain that should be considered include pneumonia, gastric reflux, and costochondritis. Patients with exertional chest pain and electrocardiographic abnormalities should undergo cardiac stress testing and cardiac enzymes measurement. A systematic approach to evaluate chest pain will result in an appropriate diagnosis and treatment plan. The objective of this review is to discuss chest pain different presentations and management plans with the outcome. PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keys were used in the mesh ((“Chest pain"[Mesh]) AND (“assessment”[Mesh]) OR (“Management"[Mesh])). In regards to the inclusion criteria, the articles were selected based on the inclusion of one of the following topics: chest pain, non-invasive assessment. Exclusion criteria were all other articles, which did not have one of these topics as their primary endpoint. Chest pain is a very common presentation. The earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the outcomes, and the more likely that serious life-threatening conditions would be ruled out.
Fingerprint Liveness Detection Schemes: A Review on Presentation Attack

ABSTRACT Extant literature has highlighted the vulnerability of Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) to various forms of attacks, indicating presentation attack as the most predominant. This form of attack involves the malicious utilization of ubiquitous materials such as silicone, gelatin, playdoh, among many others, to fabricate synthetic fingerprints to circumvent AFIS. As a result, various studies have posited some countermeasures, encompassing the use of hardware- based and software-based techniques. The hardware-based methods necessitate the integration of supplementary sensors for capturing other live human traits such as pulse rate, odour etc. Conversely, the software-based methods are focused on feature extraction and deep learning schemes. However, despite the robustness of the software-based approach as compared to the hardware-based technique, both schemes are still faced with an immense challenge in developing fingerprint spoof generalized models to mitigate the concern of cross-material (novel) detection. As a result, various studies have highlighted that the issue of fingerprint spoofing should be treated an” opened-set problem” (training only live fingerprints), rather than a” closed-set problem” (training live & spoof), birthing the development of fingerprint one-class classifiers. This article presents a comprehensive detail on fingerprint spoofing, extant countermeasures and the challenge still faced by fingerprint spoof detectors.
Multilocus species delimitation and phylogeny of the genus Calommata (Araneae, Atypidae) in southern China

Species delimitation is critical to our understanding of evolution, biodiversity, and conservation. However, delimiting species boundaries can be challenging, especially when intraspecific divergence is high (and interspecific divergence is low), and gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting are present. Mygalomorph spiders have become models for examining a variety of evolutionary and biogeographical questions. However, their extreme morphological homogeneity and high genetic structuring make delimiting mygalomorph species especially challenging. Integrative approaches to species delimitation, which combine multiple lines of evidence, have been used to infer the limits of many mygalomorph groups in an independent and reproducible way. Yet molecular species delimitation and phylogenetic relationships of the purseweb spider family Atypidae remain scarce. In this study, we explored the phylogeny and species delimitation of Calommata spiders from southern China using data sets including three mitochondrial (COI, 16S, and 12S) and two nuclear (28S, H3) markers. Our phylogenetic analyses yielded a well‐supported clade containing all southern Chinese Calommata and a sister relationship between C. signata and three new species within it. Based on the single‐locus and multilocus species delimitation analyses, we delimited four Calommata species from southern China: one known species (C. signata) and three new species (C. yuanjiangica sp. n., C. hangzhica sp. n. and C. jinggangica sp. n.). This study thus provides a framework for determining the limits of C. signata sensu lato species and calls for further study of systematics and evolutionary relationships within Calommata and other atypid lineages.