Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender equity in hiring: examining the effectiveness of a personality-based algorithm

Introduction Gender biases in hiring decisions remain an issue in the workplace. Also, current gender balancing techniques are scientifically poorly supported and lead to undesirable results, sometimes even contributing to activating stereotypes. While hiring algorithms could bring a solution, they are still often regarded as tools amplifying human prejudices. In this sense, talent specialists tend to prefer recommendations from experts, while candidates question the fairness of such tools, in particular, due to a lack of information and control over the standardized assessment. However, there is evidence that building algorithms based on data that is gender-blind, like personality - which has been shown to be mostly similar between genders, and is also predictive of performance, could help in reducing gender biases in hiring. The goal of this study was, therefore, to test the adverse impact of a personality-based algorithm across a large array of occupations. Method The study analyzed 208 predictive models designed for 18 employers. These models were tested on a global sample of 273,293 potential candidates for each respective role. Results Mean weighted impact ratios of 0.91 (Female-Male) and 0.90 (Male-Female) were observed. We found similar results when analyzing impact ratios for 21 different job categories. Discussion Our results suggest that personality-based algorithms could help organizations screen candidates in the early stages of the selection process while mitigating the risks of gender discrimination.
Predicting Profit Ratio for E-Commerce

Sustaining for a longer amount of time is essential for any business in the fiercely competitive E-commerce market. The period of sustainability of the company is directly related to the profit made by the company. Predicting the profit ratio helps the company to stay one step ahead in the competition. In this paper three predictive models Multiple, Ridge and Elastic net regression models are presented and compared to choose the best suitable model for predicting the Profit Ratio. The Ridge regression model proves to be the best with 0.8313 R 2 value among proposed models and yields best results.
1 Changes in Biodiversity and Th eir Consequences for Human Health

Human actions and their eff ects on the environment are indisputably the major forces driving changes in biodiversity at both global and local levels. Human-driven climate change, habitat destruction, invasive species introductions, and nitrogen deposition all result in biodiversity losses (Sala et al. 2000). Some of the general impacts of impoverished biodiversity include decreased food production, decreased food security, the loss of resources for indigenous medicine, diminished supplies of raw materials for new pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, and threats to water quality (Grifo and Rosenthal 1997). Th ere is general agreement among the scientifi c community that maintenance of natural levels of biodiversity is necessary for proper ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services (e.g., the benefi ts people receive from nature) to humankind (Chapin et al. 2000; Schulze and Mooney 1994). Research indicates that it is the diversity of biota across the world’s ecosystems that underpins the capacity of the Earth’s ecosystems to provide most of its goods and services (MEA 2003; Rapport, Costanza, and McMichael 1998; Sala et al. 2000; Schulze and Mooney 1994; WRI 2000). However, impacts on human health have largely been focused on direct impacts, such as rising human disease exposure due to increased disease vector populations left unchecked by predators. While such blatant consequences of anthropogenic disruption are important, they represent only a fraction of unwanted outcomes. More subtle and more indirect eff ects have oft en been suggested, but very few rigorous scientifi c studies document explicit links between natural biodiversity, its degradation, and human health. Several authors have addressed the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Chapin et al. 2000; Folke, Holling, and C. Perrings. 1996; Schulze and Mooney
Inductive Modelling of Population Time Series

A method for modeling time series is considered which is based on the iterative combination of statistical regression and spectral analysis techniques. The goal is to find a model which reduces the residuals to a white noise series. The use of the technique is illustrated by considering two examples: striped bass catch curves for the Atlantic coast fisheries, and the time series for the buildup of CO/sub 2/ in the atmosphere. Finally, the application of the technique to the 10-year wildlife cycle is briefly discussed. 12 figures, 4 tables.
Lumped flood routing through an interactive web application

– Lumped flood routing in reservoirs is a fundamental topic in introductory hydrology courses in engineering programs. Understanding the associated concepts is of great importance for their subsequent application in professional life, such as in the design and operation of reservoirs. Students often have difficulty comprehending the relationships between variables, parameters, and limitations between methods. In turn, experience shows that students waste time on spreadsheet calculations, and consequently, learning of concepts is not prioritized. In this work, an application is developed that solves lumped flood routing in a reservoir, where various parameters such as reservoir characteristics, input hydrographs, and the dam discharge organ can be modified. The tool provides an interface that allows the user to interact in a simple way, since by easily modifying the parameters, the effect on the result of the lamination can be graphically seen. This application is open source and is available for any device with internet access.
Development and validation of the InEquality in organisations Scale (InE-S): a measure based on Acker’s inequality regimes

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a scale that can be used to assess inequality at work based on gender, age and ethnicity that is grounded in Acker’s (2006) inequality regimes. Design/methodology/approach The authors used three representative samples (total N = 1,806) of Swedish teachers, nurses and social workers to develop and validate the scale. The validation process included the assessment of content validity, confirmatory factor analysis for factorial validity, internal consistency and associations with theoretically warranted outcomes and related constructs to assess criterion-related validity and convergent validity. Findings The authors found evidence supporting the content, factorial, criterion-related and convergent validity of the InEquality in organisations Scale (InE-S). Furthermore, the scale demonstrated high internal consistency. Originality/value The newly developed scale InE-S may be used to further the understanding of how inequality at work influences employees. This study makes a contribution to the current literature by providing a scale that, for the first time, can test Acker’s hypotheses using quantitative methods to demonstrate the consequences of inequality at work.
Adaptive Global Synchronization for a Class of Quaternion-Valued Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with Known or Unknown Parameters

In this paper, the adaptive synchronization problem of quaternion-valued Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (QVCGNNs), with and without known parameters, is investigated. On the basis of constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function, and utilizing parameter identification theory and decomposition methods, two effective adaptive feedback schemes are proposed, to guarantee the realization of global synchronization of CGQVNNs. The control gain of the above schemes can be obtained using the Matlab LMI toolbox. The theoretical results presented in this work enrich the literature exploring the adaptive synchronization problem of quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs). Finally, the reliability of the theoretical schemes derived in this work is shown in two interesting numerical examples.
Daily O-D Matrix Estimation using Cellular Probe Data

With the fast-growing wireless-communication market, the cellular positioning technologies are becoming one of the important means to monitoring real-time traffic status, providing traveler information, measuring system operations performance, and estimating travel demand. An innovative methodology is presented in this paper to estimate the daily O-D demand using cellular trajectory information. Taking advantages of the emerging cell phone tracking technologies, the cellular trajectories are obtained by recording all the signal-transition events and period location update events of cellular probes to determine the trip origins and destinations. To apply the O-D estimation to a broader spectrum, the probability of cell-phone ownership was treated as a conditional probability depending on user's socio-economic factors available in the census data such as age, rage, household income, etc. A mathematic model was designed to convert the cellular counts into equivalent vehicle counts, using the posterior information obtained from the characteristics of cellular trajectories. Next, the traveling population daily O-D demand was estimated via a robust Horvitz-Thompson estimator. Finally, the methodology was tested via a VISSIM simulation and results were compared with a conventional simple random sampling (SRS) method. The comparison outcome shows great potential of using cellular trajectory information as a means to estimating daily O-D travel demand.
The Man-Nature Relationship in Chinese History: A Study from Multiple Perspectives

What is called “the relationship between nature (heaven) and man” or between the way of heaven and human affairs has been a focus of concern for over 2,000 years and also a fundamental issue in historical research. Here, we need to give thought to three points. The first is spatial difference, or the great variation in the relationship between man and nature across China’s vast territory; the second is difference across time, as evolutionary changes in human society give rise to different relationships between man and the environment; and the third is the formation and development of a unitary multi-ethnic Chinese empire and its effect on man-land relationships. The following issues should receive serious attention in future research on environmental history: first, the importance of the regional studies approach in researching these relationships; second, the major role of human factors in their evolution; third, the impact of regional politics on these relationships, in that capital cities tend to suffer most from environmental degradation; and last but not least, the changes in these relationships in the course of modernization and urbanization over the past few decades.
SPATIAL FUTURES STUDIO: Cooperative MR Design-Production

Milgram and Kishino define mixed reality (MR) through theirconcept of a “virtuality continuum” that spans between realand virtual environments, wherein display technologies areconfigured to combine real objects and computational models.1 With augmented reality (AR) towards one end of thisfoundational spectrum and virtual reality (VR) establishing theother, Azuma defines AR as real-time systems that combinethe real and virtual, with registration in three-dimensionalspace.2 Generally, MR applications utilize location-specificinformation for spatial registration.3
The Effect of Company Ownership on the Environmental Practices in the Supply Chain: An Empirical Approach

Investors are increasingly drawn to ESG-based investing because they seek well-run businesses, believing that companies integrating ESG factors are better managed. However, the impact of company ownership on environmental performance remains unclear. This study aims to address this gap by examining the relationship between company ownership and company interest in measuring the environmental impact of its supply chains, as the environmental aspect is directly linked to supply chain activities and has quantifiable measures. Using random effects ordered logistic regression on panel data from 2017 to 2022 for 2811 companies, we show that companies with long-term investment sources demonstrate a greater interest in measuring environmental variables in their supply chain compared to those financed with short-term investments. Sovereign wealth funds and other long-term investment sources exhibit a positive and significant correlation with higher utilization of ESG indicators in the supply chain. These findings suggest that policymakers and private companies aiming to enhance sustainability should prioritize longer-term investment sources, which display stronger commitments to sustainability and ESG practices and are more likely to use environmental initiatives in their supply chains.
The Long-Term Impacts of an Integrated Care Programme on Hospital Utilisation among Older Adults in the South of England: A Synthetic Control Study

Introduction: Reducing hospital use is often viewed as a possible positive consequence of introducing integrated care (IC). We investigated the impact of an IC programme in North East Hampshire and Farnham (NEHF), in southern England, on hospital utilisation among older adults over a 55 months period. Method: We used a Generalised Synthetic Control design to investigate the effect of implementing IC in NEHF between 2015 and 2020. For a range of hospital use outcomes, we estimated the trajectory that each would have followed in the absence of IC and compared it with the actual trajectory to estimate the potential impact of IC. Results: Three years into the programme, emergency admission rates started reducing in NEHF relative to its synthetic control, particularly those resulting in overnight hospital stays. By year 5 of the study overall emergency admission rates were 9.8% lower (95% confidence interval: –17.2% to –0.6%). We found no sustained difference in rates of emergency department (ED) visits, and average length of hospital stay was significantly higher from year 2. Conclusion: An IC programme in NEHF led to lower than estimated emergency admission rates; however, the interpretation of the impact of IC on admissions is complicated as lower rates did not appear until three years into the programme and the reliability of the synthetic control weakens over a long time horizon. There was no sustained change in ED visit rates.
Nicotinamide Riboside, a Promising Vitamin B3 Derivative for Healthy Aging and Longevity: Current Research and Perspectives

Many studies have suggested that the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is involved in an extensive spectrum of human pathologies, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetes. Further, healthy aging and longevity appear to be closely related to NAD+ and its related metabolites, including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). As a dietary supplement, NR appears to be well tolerated, having better pharmacodynamics and greater potency. Unfortunately, NR is a reactive molecule, often unstable during its manufacturing, transport, and storage. Recently, work related to prebiotic chemistry discovered that NR borate is considerably more stable than NR itself. However, immediately upon consumption, the borate dissociates from the NR borate and is lost in the body through dilution and binding to other species, notably carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose. The NR left behind is expected to behave pharmacologically in ways identical to NR itself. This review provides a comprehensive summary (through Q1 of 2023) of the literature that makes the case for the consumption of NR as a dietary supplement. It then summarizes the challenges of delivering quality NR to consumers using standard synthesis, manufacture, shipping, and storage approaches. It concludes by outlining the advantages of NR borate in these processes.
Weighted Constraint Feature Selection of Local Descriptor for Texture Image Classification

There are several statistical descriptors for feature extraction from texture images. Local binary pattern is one of the most popular descriptors for revealing the underlying structure of a texture. Recently several variants of local binary descriptors have been proposed. The completed local binary pattern is an efficient version that can provide discriminant features and consequently provide a high classification rate. It finely characterizes a texture by fusing three histograms of features. Fusing histograms is applied by jointing the histograms and it increases the feature number significantly; therefore, in this paper, a weighted constraint feature selection approach is proposed to select a very small number of features without any degradation in classification accuracy. It significantly enhances the classification rate by using a very low number of informative features. The proposed feature selection approach is a filter-based feature selection. It employed a weighted constraint score for each feature. After ranking the features, a threshold estimation method is proposed to select the most discriminant features. For a better comparison, a wide range of different datasets is used as a benchmark to assess the compared methods. Implementations on Outex, UIUC, CUReT, MeasTex, Brodatz, Virus, Coral Reef, and ORL face datasets indicate that the proposed method can provide high classification accuracy without any learning step just by selecting a few features of the descriptor.
Effect of Authentic Leadership on Employees’ Engagement and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study of Public Sector Universities

Several studies have suggested that leaders showing high levels of authentic leadership increase workers’ engagement and job satisfaction. The study was conducted to examine the effect of authentic leadership on employees’ engagement and job satisfaction. The study focused in the public sector universities operating in Eastern Zone. The faculty members working at Nangarhar University, Laghman University, Sayed Jamaluddin Afghan University and Nuristan Institute of Higher Education was taken as the target population of the study. From these employees, 143 were selected as a sample of the study using proportional allocation method. Descriptive, regression techniques and reliability statistics were used to analyze the data. As per the results of reliability statistics, scales for authentic leadership (.827), employees’ engagement (.924) and job satisfaction (.744) were found highly reliable. According to regression results of testing hypotheses, the result of authentic leadership has positive significant effects on employee engagement and on job satisfaction. This research will help academic professionals in public sector universities to know how authentic leadership style influences positively employees’ engagement and job satisfaction.
VISUALIZATION OF A SOCIAL PROBLEM: SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL ASSAULTS IN TURKEY

Our study aims to visualize the social problem of sexual offences in Turkey. We utilized GIS to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions of reported sexual of fence incidents, including allegations of rape that are published online by Milliyet (1997�2008), a leading national newspaper in Turkey. Density mappings of sexual offences and raperelated reports indicate that these criminal amostly originate from, and agglomerate in, the metropolitan and more developed areas of the country. Geographically, the cases are concentrated in Turkey's western and southern coastal cities. Another finding is that 63 percent of sexualoffence victims are 19 years old and youn ger; within this age group, 60 percent of the victims reside in metropolitan areas, and many of them are students. Almost 80 percent of the total incidents occurred between people who had already known each other or shared enclosed space together, such as persons involved in instructorstudent and/ or employeremployee relationships.
Electro-optical transient response study of pulsed VCSEL arrays

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array is the important laser source in LiDAR ranging systems (LiDAR). The VCSEL array have important effects on the electro-optical transient response characteristics and power density for time-of-flight ToF ranging technology. In this study, by using the carrier-photon coupling equation of semiconductor lasers, we established a Simulink model of the rate equation of pulsed VCSEL arrays, an equivalent circuit model and a heat dissipation model of VCSELs. We analyzed the factors affecting the electro-optical transient response of pulsed VCSEL arrays theoretically. Then we verified the result experimentally. In this paper, the effects of array size and spurious parameters on the electro-optical delay time and optical pulse rise time of VCSEL arrays are discussed. Both simulation and experimental results show that the rise time of the VCSEL array decreases and then increases as the size of the array increases in the narrow pulse driving circuit. This provides a light source optimization scheme for the application of VCSEL arrays in LiDAR ranging systems (LiDAR). It also provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth study of VCSEL arrays under pulse driving.
Relationship of Serum Bile Acids with Fat Deposition in the Pancreas, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle

Introduction Ectopic fat deposition is well appreciated as a key contributor to digestive and liver diseases. Bile acids have emerged as pleiotropic signalling molecules involved in numerous metabolic pathways. The aim was to study the associations of bile acids with ectopic fat deposition and lipid panel. Methods A single 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner was employed to measure fat deposition in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle in 76 adults. Blood samples were drawn to determine total bile acids and lipid panel. Linear regression analyses were run, taking into account age, sex, body mass index, and other covariates. Results The studied ectopic fat depots were not significantly associated with levels of total bile acids in serum. Total bile acids were significantly associated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol – consistently in both the unadjusted (p = 0.018) and all adjusted models (p = 0.012 in the most adjusted model). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were not significantly associated with total bile acids in both the unadjusted and all adjusted models. Conclusion Fat deposition in the pancreas, liver, and skeletal muscle is not associated with circulating levels of total bile acids. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is the only component of lipid panel that is associated with total bile acids.
Modeling of Arctic Sea Ice Variability During 1948–2009: Validation of Two Versions of the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model (CICE)

Abstract The Los Alamos sea ice model (CICE) is used to simulate the Arctic sea ice variability from 1948 to 2009. Two versions of CICE are validated through comparison with Hadley Centre Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST) observations. Version 5.0 of CICE with elastic-viscous-plastic (EVP) dynamics simulates a September Arctic sea ice concentration (SASIC) trend of -0.619 × 1012 m2 per decade from 1969 to 2009, which is very close to the observed trend (-0.585 × 1012 m2 per decade). Version 4.0 of CICE with EVP dynamics underestimates the SASIC trend (-0.470 × 1012 m2 per decade). Version 5.0 has a higher correlation (0.742) with observation than version 4.0 (0.653). Both versions of CICE simulate the seasonal cycle of the Arctic sea ice, but version 5.0 outperforms version 4.0 in both phase and amplitude. The timing of the minimum and maximum sea ice coverage occurs a little earlier (phase advancing) in both versions. Simulations also show that the September Arctic sea ice volume (SASIV) has a faster decreasing trend than SASIC.