Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Virtual Impedance-Based Overcurrent Protection for Grid-Forming Inverters: Small-Signal, Large-Signal Analysis and Improvement

Grid-forming inverters are sensitive to large grid disturbances that may engender overcurrent due to their voltage source behavior. To overcome this critical issue and ensure the safety of the system, current limitation techniques have to be implemented. In this context, the variable virtual impedance (VI) appears as a suitable solution for this problem. The design of the variable virtual impedance basically rests on static considerations, while, its impact on the system stability and dynamics considering both small-signal and large-signal aspects can be significant. This paper proposes small-signal and nonlinear power models to assess the impact of the virtual impedance parameters on the grid current dynamics and on the angle stability. Thanks to the proposed approach, it has been demonstrated that the virtual impedance ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{X_{VI}/R_{VI}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> has a contradictory effect on the system dynamics and the transient stability, i.e., a resistive virtual impedance results in a well-damped current response but a very limited transient stability margin, while an inductive virtual impedance results in a poorly-damped current response but an acceptable transient stability margin. Based on that, it has been concluded that the conventional virtual impedance cannot cope at once with the current dynamic performances and the transient stability. To overcome this constraint, a Variable Transient Virtual Resistance (VTVR) has been proposed as an additional degree of freedom to vary <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{X_{VI}/R_{VI}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It decreases <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{X_{VI}/R_{VI}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the transient to damp the current response and it increases <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sigma _{X_{VI}/R_{VI}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the quasi-static and steady-state to guarantee the maximum angle stability margin allowed by the variable virtual impedance. The effectiveness of the proposed control has been proven through time-domain simulations.
More accurate, consistent, and reliable data for amphibian species are needed from China's nature reserves

Detailed, accurate, and reliable data regarding the occurrence of amphibian species in nature reserves (NRs) are important to facilitate effective conservation and management programs. We evaluated the current situation and research gaps in amphibian species inventories of NRs in mainland China by conducting a systematic review of papers on amphibian diversity research in NRs from 1956 to 2021. Generally, there was a gradual increase in amphibian survey intensity and standards, however, as some important parameters were lacking, such as species abundance and threats to amphibians. The standardization of amphibian surveys in NRs needs to urgently be strengthened and effectively implemented. We hope that highlighting these biases and gaps could provide actionable information for decision‐makers and improve conservation practices affecting amphibians in China and other native fauna elsewhere.
Breast Cancer and Arsenic Anticancer Effects: Systematic Review of the Experimental Data from In Vitro Studies

Arsenic is a known environmental carcinogenic agent. However, under certain circumstances, it may exert anticancer effects. In this systematic review, we aim to provide information on recent developments in studies on arsenic antitumor effects in breast cancer. Research included in the review refers to experimental data from in vitro studies. The data was collected using search terms “breast cancer,” “arsenic,” and “anticancer” (25.05.2021). Only studies in English and published in the last 10 years were included. The search identified 123 studies from the EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus databases. In the selection process, thirty full-texts were evaluated as eligible for the review. The literature of the last decade provides a lot of information on mechanisms behind anticancer effects of arsenic on breast cancer. Similar to arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, these mechanisms include the activation of the redox system and the increased production of free radicals. Targets of arsenic action are systems of cell membranes, mitochondria, pathways of intracellular transmission, and the genetic apparatus of the cell. Beneficial effects of arsenic use are possible due to significant metabolic differences between cancer and healthy cells. Further efforts are needed in order to establish modes and doses of treatment with arsenic that would provide anticancer activity with minimal toxicity.
Grauert tubes and the homogeneous Monge-Ampère equation. II

Let M be a complex ^-dimensional manifold and σ: M —• M an antiholomorphic involution. The fixed point set X of σ is an ^-dimensional real-analytic submanifold of M which is "totally real" at all points p (i.e., there exists no nonzero holomorphic vector in TpM®C with the property that both its real and its imaginary part are tangent to X). To simplify the exposition below we will also assume that X is compact (though a good deal of what we have to say in the following paragraph is true without this assumption). We recall that the article [8], of which this article is a continuation, has to do with the following well-known theorem of Grauert: Theorem. There exists a σ-invariant neighborhood Mχ of X in M and a smooth strictly plurisubharmonic function p: Mχ —• [0, 1), such that
Ultrathin InGaO Thin Film Transistors by Atomic Layer Deposition

In this letter, we report on scaled ultrathin (~3 nm) InGaO (IGO) thin film transistors (TFTs) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) under a low thermal budget of 250 °C. The ALD-derived IGO channels are In-rich, with In/Ga atomic ratio of ~86:14, providing a high electron mobility of ~28.6 cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{{2}} \cdot \text{V}^{-{1}}\,\,\cdot \text{s}^{-{1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> under a ultrathin thickness of 3 nm. The resulting IGO TFTs exhibit excellent scaling behaviors down to sub-100 nm channel length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}_{\text {ch}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The IGO TFTs with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{L}_{\text {ch}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 80 nm show well-behaved electrical characteristics including a high on/off current ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{I}_{\text {on}}/\text{I}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1.8}\times {10} ^{{10}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 92 mV/dec under <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {DS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.8 V. The negative- and positive-gate-bias-stress stability (NBS and PBS) of IGO TFTs are studied in both <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}_{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and air ambient, where a remarkably high PBS stability can be observed. The negative <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shifts during PBS and NBS test in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{N}_{{2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ambient could be explained by the generation of donor-like traps originating from ionized oxygen vacancy, in addition to electron (de)trapping mechanism. This work presents the first demonstration of high-performance IGO TFTs with a miniatured device dimension, showing the potential for back-end-of-line (BEOL)-compatible monolithic 3D integration.
Selecting High-Quality Proposals for Weakly Supervised Object Detection With Bottom-Up Aggregated Attention and Phase-Aware Loss

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) has received widespread attention since it requires only image-category annotations for detector training. Many advanced approaches solve this problem by a two-phase learning framework, that is, instance mining that classifies generated proposals via multiple instance learning, and instance refinement that iteratively refines bounding boxes using the supervision produced by the preceding stage. In this paper, we observe that the detection performance is usually limited by imprecise supervision, including part domination and untight boxes. To mitigate their adverse effects, we focus on selecting high-quality proposals as the supervision for WSOD. To be specific, for the issue of part domination, we propose bottom-up aggregated attention which incorporates low-level features from shallow layers to improve location representation of top-level features. In this manner, the proposals corresponding to entire objects can get high scores. Its advantage is that it can be flexibly plugged into the WSOD framework since there is no need to attach learnable parameters or learning branches. As regards the problem of untight boxes, we propose a phase-aware loss, which is the first work to measure supervision quality by the loss in the instance mining phase, to highlight correct boxes and suppress untight ones. In this work, we unify the proposed two modules into the framework of online instance classifier refinement. Extensive experiments on the PASCAL VOC and the MS COCO demonstrate that our method can significantly improve the performance of WSOD and achieve the state-of-the-art results. The code is available at https://github.com/Horatio9702/BUAA_PALoss.
Emergence of OXA-10 and OXA-48 Like Carbapenemases among Enterobacter Isolates from Inpatients in Namazi Hospital in Shiraz

Backgrounds: The global spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae represents a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and the presence of some oxacillinase types and class 1-3 integrons among Enterobacter clinical isolates from an Iranian inpatient population. Materials & Methods : Ninety Enterobacter isolates from hospitalized patients were diagnosed by microbiological methods. Antibiogram pattern was also determined. The presence of class 1-3 integrons and four types of oxacillinase genes was assessed using PCR. Findings : Among 90 Enterobacter isolates, the most common species was E
EFFECTS OF LOCAL ISCHEMIA AND TRANSIENT CONDUCTION BLOCKS ON THE INDUCTION OF CARDIAC REENTRIES

The present work is aimed at investigating the effects of ischemia and transient blocks on induction of ventricular fibrillation. Electrophysiologic effects of local ischemia induced by minor myocardial infarction (variation of the dispersion of refractory periods as well as conduction velocity) on initiation of reentry mechanisms were studied by means of computer simulations based on a cellular automata model of propagation of activation wave through a ventricular surface element. A local ischemic area was simulated, showing that altered refractoriness can facilitate initiation of reentry phenomena. The probability of reentries is a function of the size of ischemic zone and of the spatial rate of dispersion of refractory periods. Our results show that the dispersion of refractoriness is an important parameter in triggering cardiac reentries. Above a threshold value of dispersion, even very small ischemic zones can induce spiral waves. We also study the effects of transient conduction blocks on reentries.
Determination of the density of localized states from the field effect in wide gap semiconductors

An analysis is presented of the problem how the density of the localized states gLoc canbe deduced from field effect data. A simple model is adopted with gLoc = const in energy and in space. Precise computer solutions serve as data; approximate procedures generalize the findings and emphasize the essentials. Explicit formulas are derived which enable the direct calculation of gLoc from the data. In addition, a new possibility is pointed out how the trap-free value of the mobility may be measured even in the presence of deep traps. [Russian Text Ignored]
Parameter Estimation vs. Hypothesis Testing

Professor Meehl [2] has pointed out a very significant problem in the methodology of psychological research, indicating that statistical tests of psychological hypotheses against a null hypothesis are loaded in favor of eventual success at rejecting the null hypothesis. In my opinion this is not, however, a contrast between physics and psychology, but rather between the method of parameter estimation and that of the null hypothesis in the tradition of Fisher. A physicist could use the null hypothesis method as well as the psychologist. The fact that he doesn't is probably related to the more advanced state of his measurement techniques and theoretical constructs. The suggestion that nearly all psychological variables are correlated is an empirical question. Much evidence does seem to support this statement, but it is absurd to expect that all of these relations would be of substantial significance. The hypothesis which the psychologist wishes to support (the alternative to the null hypothesis) that a difference exists between the groups, may well be of a minor or incidental nature. It would seem that psychologists should ask not "is there a difference," but rather "is the difference, if any, such that it would be of theoretical or practical importance," or, perhaps, "how much difference is there. " If the I.Q. of boys were found to be 0.6 I.Q. points less than that of girls of the same age, one may reasonably doubt that this would be of any theoretical or practical significance. This applies to a statistical argument as well. On the other hand, if the difference were 6.0 points, there would likely be theoretical and practical significance to the difference. Perhaps at least a part of the appropriate solution is to report the confidence limits for the estimates of parameters of the populations. The confidence interval is an estimated range of values with a given (high) probability of containing the true population parameter. Methods of calculating confidence intervals are discussed in Hays [1]. Intuitively the confidence interval defines a set of tenable values for the parameter. I suggest the following form: "The confidence interval (.95) for the mean of group A is 5.74 to 8.91 and that for group B is 7.50 to 9.34. The confidence interval (.95) for the difference of the population means is 1.2 to -0.4. " The rejection of the null hypothesis is a crude test of a theory: it provides only a small amount of information. In many ways the reporting of a confidence interval in a data report is much more informative than the reporting of a hypothesis test or a significance level. It is likely that various amounts of difference
Multimodal Human Motion Synchronization Dataset

: Human motion dataset is an important foundation for researches such as motion data denoising, motion editing, motion synthesis, etc. In order to support more generic studies of multimodal motion data fusion, designing and collecting a public multimodal human motion data set is an urgent problem. First, the acquisition environment is designed for precise motion data collected by sensor-based motion capture devices, rough motion data collected by body sensing devices, and local inertial data collected by inertial measurement units (IMU). Then, temporal synchronization among equipment is applied based on network time protocol (NTP) and spatial synchronization is applied among multi modal data. A full body motion dataset named HFUT-MMD is captured, which contains 6 971 568 frames in 6 types from 12 actors/actresses. The experimental results on the HFUT-MMD dataset using the existing algorithm show that the low precision motion data can be optimized to obtain the motion data similar to the accurate motion data, which corroborates the consistency between the modal data.
Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritional attributes, therapeutic applications and value-added product generation

Moringa oleifera, a perennial tree of Indian origin, is cultivated in several tropical and sub-tropical countries because of its ability to grow under unfavourable conditions such as poor soil, lower requirement of water and managemental practices. The leaves and pods of the plant are highly rich in essential nutrients such as protein, vitamin, essential amino acids, macro and micro elements in addition to the presence of diverse nutraceutical molecules such as antioxidant, flavonoids, isothiocyanates, phenolics etc. The presence of bioactive principles in different parts of the Moringa plant prompted the people to use it as part of traditional medicines for the cure of several human ailments such as diabetes, intestinal worms, hyperlipidaemia, high blood pressure, muscle spasm, constipation, ringworm, etc. With the growing health consciousness coupled with phobia against modern chemical based therapeutic, there is increasing demands for plant sourced nutraceuticals. Evidently, this gives opportunity for development of Moringa based product for welfare of human society. The current review made an effort to summarize the research advancement on different aspects of Moringa oleifera focussing on taxonomy, cultivation, nutritional attributes, therapeutic values, and value-added products of this divine tree. SAARC J. Agric. , 20(2): 1-15 (2022)
Speed of Estimation in Positron Emission Tomography and Related Inverse Problems

We study a continuous idealization of the image reconstruction problem in positron emission tomography, considered as an example of bivariate density estimation based on indirect observations. Given a large sample of indirect observations, we consider the size of the equivalent sample of observations, whose original exact positions would allow equally accurate estimation of the image of interest. Both for indirect and for direct observations, we establish exact minimax rates of convergence of estimation, for all possible estimators, over suitable smoothness classes of functions. The approach of the paper is applicable to a wide class of linear inverse problems
Ac and dc electroluminescence in insulating polymers and implication for electrical ageing

Electroluminescence detected in many different polymers under uniform 50 Hz ac and dc fields exhibits a threshold-like character, i.e. the light emission increases supralinearly with the applied voltage above a critical value called the emission threshold. The significance of this threshold is not straightforward. It could be a true physical threshold corresponding to the onset of the luminescence excitation as opposed to a sensitivity-limited threshold without specific significance. This paper discusses this issue on the basis of electroluminescence analysis in several polymers used in electrical engineering, such as polyethylenes, polyesters and polyimides. The analysis relies on the consideration of the field dependence of the electroluminescence and its imaging in the sample plane. It is shown that the threshold-like character under a dc field reveals the onset of the electroluminescence excitation whereas it has no specific meaning under ac stress where the detection is sensitivity-limited. The significance of the luminescence-voltage characteristic, as regards the electrical ageing and its possible use for diagnostic purposes, is further considered.
Light-induced self-written three-dimensional optical waveguide

Three-dimensional (3D) optical waveguides were fabricated in a photopolymerizing resin mixture solution by using a multimode optical fiber, without any moving parts. The core portion has formed by the selective photopolymerization of a higher refractive index monomer by Ar+ laser irradiation through the optical fiber. A continuous, straight waveguide was grown by the self-trapping of a guided laser beam. We demonstrated automatic 3D optical circuit formation that enables regrowth after passing through thick transparent glass plates. This growth mechanism also enables automation of the optical interconnection and packaging process, and could potentially contribute to future expansion of optical fiber communications networks.
The Effect of Caspase 8, 9 Gene Polymorphisms on Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Susceptibility and Clinical/Pathological Features

Background: Caspases (CASPs) are the main executors of the apoptotic process. Studies to date have shown the role of caspase-8 (CASP8) and caspase-9 (CASP9) in carcinogenesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between CASP9-rs4233532, CASP9-rs4646018, and CASP8- rs1045485 gene polymorphisms and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) susceptibility in an Iranian population-based study. Moreover, it was examined whether such the genotype of these polymorphisms is related with clinicopathological characteristics of NHL. Methods: 175 patients with NHL and 175 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. We determined the genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from CASP genes with Tetra ARMS-PCR (Amplification refractory mutation system) method. Results: Statistically significant association were observed between CASP9-rs4646018 and increased risk of NHL under codominant CC, codominant TC, and dominant TC+CC genetic models. Our results showed that the A allele of CASP8-rs1045485 was a protective factor for NHL and GArs1045485 genotype significantly reduced risk of NHL. In contrast, CASP9- rs4233532 was not linked to NHL susceptibility. No relationship was detected between CASP8-rs1045485 and CASP9-rs4233532 and NHL clinicopathological characteristics, however genetic variation in CASP9-rs4646018 was associated with histology, treatment and radio therapy of NHL. Conclusions: Our study presented that the CASP8- rs1045485 and CASP9-rs4646018 polymorphisms could affect the risk of NHL in Iranian populations which was the first report to show the significant relationship between rs1045485, rs4646018 polymorphisms and NHL susceptibility. Replication large-scale case-control studies in different ethnicities are warranted to verify these findings.
Approach to space-charge field description in photorefractive crystals

Recent analytical results in the frame of photorefractive spatial-soliton propagation are exploited to derive a novel scheme for the investigation of space-charge field formation in photorefractive crystals. The procedure is specialized to describe a two-wave mixing configuration. To test our predictions, we have performed an experiment in a sample of BaTiO3.
On Alternative Model of Sound Scattering in Turbulent Moving Media

Model of sound scattering in turbulent mediu m co mprising chaotically distributed in space moving in manifold directions spherically symmet ric structures - localized flo ws, say, vortices of various linear dimensions from s mallest "Kolmogorov's" to outer turbulent scales is proposed. Scattering crossections and distance attenuation parameters related to structures motion in the presence and absence of vorticity inside them for sound waves are calculated on etalon problem solutions basis. Resulting frequency dependencies and scattering laws in model med iu m differ substantially not only fro m Rayleigh law but fro m several other well known predicted patterns of sound scattering in turbulent mediu m as well. Attenuation value is expected to depend on vortices Mach number to scattering wave parameter ratio. Model parameter control is available by means of dimensions, velocities and concentration of basic localized flo w changes corresponding to turbulence scale, intensity and degree of development changes. Co mparison of expected attenuation parameters with experimental data and estimates based on classical isotropic turbulence models is presented. PACS nu mbers: 43.20. Fn, 43.28. Gq, 43.28. Py