Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
History and the life course : Combat , disability , and work

Sociologists have long recognized that historical events, such as wars, depressions, and natural disasters, can affect the trajectories of people’s lives and can, more broadly, alter social structure. The following paper examines the effect of a particular type of event, war, on a particular facet of people’s lives, their ability to work. The paper uses longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to test three competing accounts regarding the effect of wars on veterans’ lives. The traumatic stress account sees wars as having uniformly negative effects on all service-members who are exposed to combat. The cumulative disadvantage account suggests that combat positively or at least neutrally affects people with greater pre-war status, while negatively affecting those with lower pre-war status. The turning point account suggests the reverse: wars negatively affect those with greater pre-war status, while improving the lot of those with lower pre-war status. The evidence suggests that, with regard to disability and unemployment, the effects of combat are most consistent with the theory of cumulative disadvantage.
SDP Gaps from Pairwise Independence

We consider the problem of approximating fixed-predicate constraint satisfaction problems (MAX k-CSPq(P)), where the variables take values from (q) =f0; 1;:::; q 1g, and each constraint is on k variables and is defined by a fixed k-ary predicate P. Familiar problems like MAX 3-SAT and MAX-CUT belong to this category. Austrin and Mossel recently identified a general class of predicates P for which MAX k-CSPq(P) is hard to approximate. They study predicates P : (q) k ! f0; 1g such that the set of assignments accepted by P contains the support of a balanced pairwise independent distribution over the domain of the inputs. We refer to such predicates as promising. Austrin and Mossel show that for any promising predicate P, the problem MAX k-CSPq(P) is Unique-Games-hard to approximate better than the trivial approximation obtained by a random assignment. We give an unconditional analogue of this result in a restricted model of computation. We consider the hierarchy of semidefinite relaxations of MAX k-CSPq(P) obtained by augmenting the canonical semidefinite relaxation with the Sherali-Adams hierarchy. We show that for any promising predicate P, the integrality gap remains the same as the approximation ratio achieved by a random assignment, even after W(n) levels of this hierarchy.
In the Mind of the Beholder: an ERP Analysis of the Relation between Hostile Attribution and Trait Anger

A hostile attribution bias is thought to be one of the automatic cognitive processes underlining trait anger. Current study examines this relation in a sample of 63 students aged between 18 and 28 years, by incorporating multiple measurements. Trait anger was measured using the STAXI-2. Ratings of attributed intent and imagined feelings of anger on a ambiguous vignettes task were used to assess the conscious attribution of hostility. Additionally the automatic feature of the bias was measured using a facial expression categorization task. Misperception errors in the categorization of facial expressions (disgust, happy, neutral, and anger) were analysed for a hypothesized trend towards anger. Meanwhile event-related potentials were recorded. Results from the ambiguous vignettes task show high trait anger individuals to be more prone to consciously attribute hostile intent in ambiguous situations. Additionally, it was found that the ambiguous situations would be more likely to provoke feelings of anger for the high trait anger individuals. This shows that on a conscious level, high trait anger individuals experience a hostile attribution bias. However, this study has not found proof for the anticipated automatic aspect of the bias. The trend visible in the self report data, is not found for the behavioural and EEG/ERP data. Based on these findings the bias appears to be a conscious rather than an automatic process. M = no significant effect for trait anger, F (2, 54) = . 22, p > . 05, r =. 09. no significant facial expressions x trait anger interaction was found, F (12, 274.25) = . 55, p > . 05, r = . 14. Results shows a significant facial expressions x electrode sites interaction, F (2.25, 12.59) = 27.10, p < . 01, r = . 58. Contrast revealed that the positivity was smaller on electrode side CP2 for low intensity facial expressions of disgust ( M = 6.54), F (1, 54) = . 35.11, p < . 01, r = . 63, and larger for high intensity facial expressions of disgust ( M = 9.30), F (1, 54) = 43.61, p < . 01, r = . 67, compared to neutral faces on the centro-parietal electrode side CPz ( M = 6.43). No electrode site x trait anger interaction was found, F (4.50, 121.38) = . 94, p > . 05, r = . 18.
Complications Associated With Surveying Medical Student Depression

Objective: To evaluate students’ attitudes and concerns regarding potential repercussions of completing the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Methods: A survey based on focus group data was developed and distributed. Results: One hundred and ninety-one of 400 surveys (48%) were returned. Of 160 students who remembered completing the BDI, 31 (19%) admitted to concerns about the research, and nearly 10% admitted to recording dishonest answers. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the importance of conducting anonymous assessments of medical students, particularly when assessing sensitive psychological states.
Testes de força e resistência muscular: confiabilidade e predição de uma repetição máxima - Revisão e novas evidências

A confiabilidade intra-avaliadores e fundamental na determinacao da qualidade dos dados coletados em uma pesquisa. Poucos estudos controlados tem reportado valores de confiabilidade de testes de forca e, apesar de esta ser considerada boa na maioria dos estudos publicados (0,79 a 0,99), as diferencas entre teste e reteste tem sido observadas como estatisticamente significativas. Dessa forma, sugere-se a utilizacao dos valores de um segundo teste, pelo menos, em estudos de pesquisa, de modo que eventuais modificacoes nos valores de forca possam ser atribuidas ao efeito dos tratamentos realizados e nao a simples adaptacao ao protocolo de teste. As relacoes entre testes de forca maxima e testes submaximos ou variaveis antropometricas tem sido investigadas com o intuito de predizer a forca maxima sem que o individuo tenha que ser submetido a um teste de carga maxima, evitando possiveis riscos de lesao. Valores de carga maxima, ou percentuais desta, sao comumente utilizados para melhor prescrever o treinamento. A predicao de uma repeticao maxima (1RM) atraves de testes submaximos parece boa (em geral, correlacoes > 0,90); entretanto, na maioria dos estudos revisados, as equacoes preditivas desenvolvidas quase sempre nao sao aprovadas no escrutinio de uma validacao cruzada. Assim sendo, especial atencao deve ser dispensada a especificidade da populacao, do exercicio e da tecnica de execucao, quando do desenvolvimento e aplicacao dessas equacoes. Variaveis antropometricas nao foram confirmadas como boas preditoras de 1RM. O numero de repeticoes para dado % de 1RM e diferente para diferentes exercicios, como tambem o e a carga para determinado numero de repeticoes maximas (nRM), quando executadas em diferentes velocidades. A prescricao do exercicio baseada, indiferentemente, em numero de repeticoes ou % de 1RM deve ser considerada com cautela.
Developmental Psychopathology and Family Process: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications

Introduction. I. Theory. What is Developmental Psychopathology? Identifying the Dynamic Processes Underlying the Development of Psychopathology. Methodological Directions in Developmental Psychopathology Research. Pathways in Development. Complex Patterns of Influence: Risk and Protective Factors. II. Research. Child Development and the Parent Child Subsystem. New Directions in the Study of Parenting and Child Development. mChildren and the Marital Subsystem. Applications of Developmental Psychopathology: Parental Depression, Families, and Children's Development. III: Clinical Implications. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on the Diagnosis, Classification, and Conceptualization of Children's Problems. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Prevention and Treatment. Epilogue.
Reality and Actuality an Address.

NE OF THE STORIES of Freud’s preanalytic years which assume a mythological quality in our training is the event at one of ,o Charcot’s evening receptions when the master during a bit of shop talk about hysteria in women “suddenly broke out with great animation: ‘iIIais, d a m des cas pareils c’est totijotirs la chose ge‘nitnle, totijours . totrjotirs. toiijours’; . I know, that for a moment I was almost paralysed with amazement and said to myself: ‘TVell, but if he knows that, why does he never say so? ’ But the impression was soon forgotten; brain anatomy . absorbed all my interest. ” (14). Since then we have come full cycle. Freud’s elucidation of “la chose ge‘nitale” has revolutionized psychology, and this Association has become the representative of that revolution in this country. Heirs of radical innovation, however, carry a double burden: they must do together what the founder did in lonely years and also strive to keep ahead of the habituations which result from success. They may well, at intervals, ask themselves what they have come to know and what they on oc$asion say with “much animation,” without pursuing i t with the momentum of discovery. One such item, I submit, is our knowledge of human strength. TVe have all heard psychoanalysts (including ourselves), in private conversations or in unguarded moments of clinical discussion, describe with wonder the evidences for some patient’s regained
Aspects of Receiving Information: The Relationship between Listening Preferences, Communication Apprehension, Receiver Apprehension, and Communicator Style

Abstract This study investigated connections between listening preferences and patterns of communicator style and apprehension. An initial discriminant analysis was conducted to test whether six categories of listening styles are systematically discriminated by communicator style, communication apprehension, and receiver apprehension. There was one significant discriminant function, whose interpretation was somewhat questionable. Subsequently, a canonical correlation was conducted to test if four interval level listening preferences are systematically related to communicator style, communication apprehension, and receiver apprehension. The results were highly significant and identified three patterns of association between the set of listening preferences and the set of communicator style and apprehension variables. 1. High people-orientation in listening is systematically associated with lower receiver apprehension and dyadic communication apprehension and with a more relationally oriented communication style that attends to and affirms the other person. 2. The combination of high content- and action-orientations is associated with a precise and attentive style of arguing the issues that leaves a strong impression on other people. 3. The configuration of high time- and action-orientations along with a lack of content-orientation is associated with higher receiver apprehension but lower dyadic communication apprehension, and also with a dramatic, animated and forceful style that asserts one's goals/concerns and tends to dominate the other person.
Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies, and Paradoxes.

This book, which carries the imprint of the Mental Research Institute of Palo Alto, Calif, deals with human communication as an interaction process. The volume is divided into seven chapters and an epilogue, covering in succession the frame of reference, axioms of communication, pathological communication, general systems principles, analysis of the play "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? " double-bind theory, therapeutic paradoxes, and existentialism and the theory of communication. In terms of language and structure the volume is not addressed to the lay public, but to the professionals working in the field. In the midst of a publishing explosion, the first question one might ask about any book is "What is its function? " Is it a research report, a teaching manual, a review, or the formulation of a new approach? From the authors' statement in the introduction that this book ". does not claim to be more than an attempt at model
Kidney Transplantation with Concomitant Unilateral Nephrectomy: A Matched-Pair Analysis on Complications and Outcome

Background. We sought to determine the impact of kidney transplantation with simultaneous unilateral nephrectomy on perioperative morbidity and patient and graft survival. Methods. From January 1990 to May 2004, 75 kidney transplantations with simultaneous unilateral nephrectomy (group NE+) were performed at the University of Freiburg. Of these, 49 had polycystic kidney disease. Patients of group NE+ were matched with 75 kidney transplants without nephrectomy (group NE−). Immunosuppressive maintenance therapy in both groups was based on cyclosporineA, mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine, and prednisone. Mean follow up was 4.1 yrs (range 0.3–11.7 yrs). Results. Patient survival rate at 1 and 5 yrs was 95% and 84% versus 95% and 93% in group NE+ and NE−, resp. (P=0.56). Accordingly, kidney function rate was 85% and 74% in group NE+ versus 89% and 79% in group NE− (P=0.89). Perioperative (90 days) mortality rate in group NE+ was 1.3% and 2.7% in group NE− (P=0.56). Perioperative surgical complications were similar in both groups. Conclusions. Kidney transplantation with concomitant unilateral nephrectomy has no negative impact on patient or graft survival and is associated with a reasonable morbidity rate.
Characterization and modeling of three-terminal heterojunction phototransistors using an InGaP layer for passivation

Fabrication, characterization, and modeling of three-terminal (3T) heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs) using an InGaP layer for passivation (called P-HPTs) compared with similar nonpassivated devices (called NP-HPTs) were reported. Effects of the base passivated by the InGaP layer on devices optical and electrical performance were investigated. In addition to improving the dc current gain in the small current regime, the photocurrent (I/sub ph/) and responsivity from the p-i-n diode formed by the base, collector, and subcollector are also enhanced in a P-HPT. The measured optical gains are 45 and 27 for a P- and an NP-HPT under 8.62-/spl mu/W optical injection operated as a two-terminal (2T) device with a floating base. When the base bias is applied from a voltage source, both 3T P- and NP-HPTs exhibit degraded optical gains. Although a voltage source applied to the base can be used to push the operating point of a heterojunction bipolar transistor to a higher collector current where the current gain is higher, only a small portion of the photocurrent generated within the base-collector region is injected across the base-emitter junction to be amplified. When the base of an HPT is biased using a current source, the I/sub ph/ and enhanced dc current gain mainly determine both collector photocurrent and optical gain. Thus, a P-HPT biased using a current source shows the best optical performance. Furthermore, the conventional Ebers-Moll equivalent-circuit model was extended to provide simulated results in good agreement with experiment.
An Integrated Framework for E-Commerce Cloud Service Level Agreement

Cloud computing recently became the key element of providing services via the internet. Cloud technology is new paradigm of computing where available computing resources are delivered as a service. These resources are generally offered under the concept of pay-as-you-use. Nowadays, some of e-commerce companies move to Cloud services. Cloud offers positive opportunities for ecommerce companies which are looking for more flexible and scalable infrastructure, to sell products and services to customers. As more and more e-commerce companies delegate their task to cloud providers, Services Level Agreement (SLA) became an important aspect between the e-commerce seller and cloud provider to protect end user, the dynamic nature of cloud computing needs to continue monitoring of the services. In this paper we propose a SLA framework based on Web services level agreement (WSLA) which is introduced by IBM. The framework integrated with nine parameters that verified and validated based on end user perspective. Data were collected from 105 students in University Technology Malaysia. Factor analysis has been used to minimize the redundancy between the parameters and grouped based on the inter correlation between them. The results indicate that all nine parameters are significant and important from end user point view. An e-commerce cloud SLA document designed and run time parameters defined using XML language. Adopting these parameters by ecommerce seller catalyze better protection to the end users during contracting with cloud services providers.
Alpha,-fetoprotein (afp) Reference Values in Infants U P T O 2 Years O F Age

The azm of thzc tludy wac to pstablzsh reference values andjktorr atsocaated wzth s m m AFP rlevatzon in znfantc Fzve hundrrd twentyfour samples collerkd from infants up to the age of 2 (Germany) were analyzpd At birth mean c m m AFP levels were 41,687 ng/ml zn 256 term Oabzes and 158,125 ng/ml zn 90 premature babzrc born before the 37th geslalzonal week, excludzng samples from chzldren wzth factors known to b~ ass@ czatrd utzth AFP elp(m/taon. I n thpjirst 4 weeks oflzfr, AFP h r l s derreated by 50% in 5.1 d q r zn t p r m babzrc Betwpen day 180 and 720 oflfe, AFP levels up to 87 ng/ml were iuzthzn the 95.5 % zrilerual (acsumed loganthmzr normal dzstnbutzon) wzth a mean of 8 ng/ml wzthout n further derlzne Bj the agp of 2 yearc the znfantc of thzs study had not reached adult s m m AFP h e l c (0-6 n g / W Alpha,-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein consisting of 590 amino acids [ l ]. It belongs to the alpha, fraction in serum electrophoresis. Its biological function is not fully understood, but it may represent a fetal type of albumin [ 21, stimulating growth [ 31, acting as a carrier for estrogen [ 41 and bilirubin [5, 61, and acting as an immunosuppressant [7-91. The main production sites are the fetal liver and yolk sac. There is fetal enterohepatic circulation of AFP. Fetal AFP is excreted and leads to a rise in AFP levels in amniotic fluid and maternal serum [ 101. There is placental clearance of AFP from the fetal to the maternal side [ 111. Amniotic fluid AFP levels decline from a maximum of 80,000 ng/ml in the 10th gestational week to 200-3000 ng/ml at term [lo, 121. Fetal serum AFP levels are highest around the 14th gesta
Not to be overlooked: agency in informal language contact

ABSTRACT Easy and rapid access to the Internet, the affordances of Web 2.0 tools and technological advances, such as smartphone applications, have rendered informal contact with English an undisputed reality. This out-of-class contact without the primary or conscious objective of language learning has been the focus of recent research into the field of second language acquisition (e.g. Jarvis and Krashen 2014. “Is CALL Obsolete? Language Acquisition and Language Learning Revisited in a Digital age.” TESL-EJ 17 (4): 1–6; Sockett 2014. The Online Informal Learning of English. UK: Palgrave Macmillan). However, being in its infancy, the phenomenon is under-explored, while the learner, as a complex individual, is not examined in depth. Focusing on the skill of speaking, which is not sufficiently studied in research into informal learning, the present study investigated 76 Greek adolescent learners of English between the ages of 13 and 16, and used a speaking test, a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview to examine participants’: speaking performance, frequency of interaction with English through a range of media, and their agency and exerted effort during informal contact with the language. Findings showed that students’ lack of agency and their attitudes towards informal learning appeared to hinder their active engagement with informal sources, impeding further linguistic benefits. The present study underlines the importance of examining different individual and contextual factors before drawing conclusions regarding the effect of informal, out-of-class interaction with the target language.
Stigma and the Discount Window

ne of the primary ways central banks can stabilize the financial system in times of distress is by acting as the “lender of last resort” to financial institutions when funding dries up. Banks that face a liquidity shortage may be unable to provide depositors with the funds they wish to withdraw. At an extreme, the bank could fail. Banks facing shortages can go the Fed’s discount window, and that can help avoid unnecessary failures. Yet banks aren’t always willing to take the Fed up on this offer. During the recent financial crisis, for example, the Fed did everything it could to encourage bank borrowing, from easing lending terms to publicly urging banks to take loans if needed. But borrowing remained low in late 2007 despite severe liquidity shortages in the financial system. A common explanation for the reluctance of banks to borrow from the Fed is a “stigma” attached to the discount window. This stigma is based on the notion that only a bank in financial trouble would go to the Fed over other, cheaper sources of funds. Banks are believed to fear that regulators, investors, or other banks will assume the worst if the bank is discovered to have borrowed from the Fed. There can be perfectly benign reasons for accessing the discount window: a bank that receives a large withdrawal too late in the day to locate a private lender, for example. The problem is that such stigma, if present, may hamper the Fed’s ability to provide liquidity in a crisis. Other institutions will not necessarily know when a bank borrows from the discount window. Banks may sometimes be able to figure out the identities of specific borrowers, but only the total amount of borrowing from each regional Federal Reserve district is made public; those data are published weekly in the Fed’s H.4. 1 release. That’s about to change. The DoddFrank financial reform legislation passed in the summer of 2010 requires the Fed to publicize the names of all banks that borrow from the discount window and the total amount borrowed, two years after that borrowing takes place. It is too soon to tell whether the certainty that discount window loans will be made public will further dissuade banks from borrowing in times of need.