Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radiation force in the magneto-optical trap

An overview of the theory of the magneto-optical trap is presented, along with measurements of the effect of an imbalance in the intensities of the trapping beams. This investigation tests the theory of the spring constant of the trap and confirms that the confining force at the center of the trap results from an induced orientation of the atomic ground state. The experimental results give the magnitude of this force, which has not yet been calculated accurately. We calculate the radiation field in the three-dimensional molasses, finding that the relative time phase of the orthogonal standing waves is significant, and we give some insight into the phenomenon of interference fringes when the beams are misaligned. We also discuss the limitation of the trapped atomic density resulting from photon scattering within the cloud, predicting that densities above 1013 atoms/cm3 could be achieved in a trap operating at low saturation of the atomic transition. Finally, we briefly consider collisional loss at low densities, finding an especially large contribution from resonant dipole–dipole scattering.
Long Waves and Cyclone Waves

By obtaining complete solutions, satisfying all the relevant simultaneous differential equations and boundary conditions, representing small disturbances of simple states of steady baroclinic large-scale atmospheric motion it is shown that these simple states of motion are almost invariably unstable. An arbitrary disturbance (corresponding to some inhomogeneity of an actual system) may be regarded as analysed into “components” of a certain simple type, some of which grow exponentially with time. In all the cases examined there exists one particular component which grows faster than any other. It is shown how, by a process analogous to “natural selection”, this component becomes dominant in that almost any disturbance tends eventually to a definite size, structure and growth-rate (and to a characteristic life-history after the disturbance has ceased to be “small”), which depends only on the broad characteristics of the initial (unperturbed) system. The characteristic disturbances (forms of breakdown) of certain types of initial system (approximating to those observed in practice) are identified as the ideal forms of the observed cyclonc waves and long waves of middle and high latitudes. The implications regarding the ultimate limitations of weather forecasting are discussed. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1949. tb01265.x
The Effect of Various Fillers on the Properties of Methyl Vinyl Silicone Rubber

Silicone rubber (SIR) has been widely used in electrical insulation fields, and the introduction of new materials is very important for the performance improvement of SIR composites. In this work, four different fillers, including aluminium hydroxide (ATH), yimonite (YMT), boron nitride (BN) and mica-filled SIR composites were prepared, and the vulcanization behavior, mechanical properties, insulation performance and hydrophobicity of the SIR composites were investigated and compared. Both BN- and mica-filled SIR composites showed excellent insulation performance, while the ATH-filled SIR composite exhibited the best mechanical properties with an elongation at break of 230% and a tensile strength of 2.9 MPa. The SIR/BN composite showed a breakdown strength of 29.2 kV/mm with a 5% failure rate. The addition of YMT deteriorated the insulation performance of SIR but improved the elongation at break and hydrophobicity, with an elongation at break increasing from 115% to 410% and the static contact angle improving from 109.8° to 115.6°.
CrowdFusion: Multisignal Fusion SLAM Positioning Leveraging Visible Light

With the fast development of location-based services, an ubiquitous indoor positioning approach with high accuracy and low calibration has become increasingly important. In this work, we target on a crowdsourcing approach with zero calibration effort based on visible light, magnetic field, and WiFi to achieve submeter accuracy. We propose a CrowdFusion simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) composed of coarse-grained and fine-grained trace merging, respectively, based on the iterative closest point (ICP) SLAM and GraphSLAM. ICP SLAM is proposed to correct the relative locations and directions of crowdsourcing traces and GraphSLAM is further adopted for fine-grained pose optimization. In CrowdFusion SLAM, visible light is used to accurately detect loop closures and magnetic field to extend the coverage. According to the merged traces, we construct a radio map with visible light and WiFi fingerprints. An enhanced particle filter fusing inertial sensors, visible light, WiFi, and floor plan is designed, in which visible light fingerprinting is used to improve the accuracy and increase the resampling/rebooting efficiency. We evaluate CrowdFusion based on comprehensive experiments. The evaluation results show a mean accuracy of 0.67 m for the merged traces and 0.77 m for positioning, merely replying on crowdsourcing traces without professional calibration.
Risk of ventricular tachycardia and its outcomes in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy due to acute kidney injury

Background Despite efforts to treat critically ill patients who require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) due to acute kidney injury (AKI), their mortality risk remains high. This condition may be attributable to complications of CRRT, such as arrhythmias. Here, we addressed the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) during CRRT and its relationship with patient outcomes. Methods This study retrospectively enrolled 2,397 patients who started CRRT due to AKI from 2010 to 2020 at Seoul National University Hospital in Korea. The occurrence of VT was evaluated from the initiation of CRRT until weaning from CRRT. The odds ratios (ORs) of mortality outcomes were measured using logistic regression models after adjustment for multiple variables. Results VT occurred in 150 patients (6.3%) after starting CRRT. Among them, 95 cases were defined as sustained VT (i.e., lasting ≥30 seconds), and the other 55 cases were defined as non-sustained VT (i.e., lasting <30 seconds). The occurrence of sustained VT was associated with a higher mortality rate than a nonoccurrence (OR, 2.04 and 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–3.39 for the 30-day mortality; OR, 4.06 and 95% CI, 2.04–8.08 for the 90-day mortality). The mortality risk did not differ between patients with non-sustained VT and nonoccurrence. A history of myocardial infarction, vasopressor use, and certain trends of blood laboratory findings (such as acidosis and hyperkalemia) were associated with the subsequent risk of sustained VT. Conclusion Sustained VT occurrence after starting CRRT is associated with increased patient mortality. The monitoring of electrolytes and acid-base status during CRRT is essential because of its relationship with the risk of VT.
Measurements of the critical strain for rippling in carbon nanotubes

We report measurements of the bending stiffness in free standing carbon nanotubes, using atomic force microscopy inside a scanning electron microscope. Two regimes with different bending stiffness were observed, indicative of a rippling deformation at high curvatures. The observed critical strains for rippling were in the order of a few percent and comparable to previous modeling predictions. We have also found indications that the presence of defects can give a higher critical strain value and a concomitant reduction in Young’s modulus.
Wave-function-based ab initio method for metals : Application of the incremental scheme to magnesium

We apply ab initio quantum-chemical methods to calculate correlation effects on cohesive properties of Mg, thereby extending the method of increments to metallic systems. Metals require special treatment because of two distinct features. Since the conduction bands are only partially filled, we cannot construct well localized orbitals from them. Furthermore we must deal properly with charge screening which obviously is a correlation effect. A starting point for treatment of the many-body correlation effects in solids is a reliable Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field (HF SCF) result for the infinite system. In the case of Mg the HF cohesive energy of the solid is significantly underestimated with respect to the experimental value. Summing up all correlation contributions, we obtain nearly 100% of the difference between the experimental and HF cohesive energies. Ignoring the correlations, HF model gives rather good agreement with experiment of one lattice parameter (c), but incorrect value for c/a ratio because of too large lattice constant a. Application of the method of increments allows us not only to improve the HF values, giving deviation by about 1% from experimental values, but also to explain the reason for these changes.
X‐ray reflection in the narrow‐line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0707–495

We apply a reflection-dominated model to the second XMM-Newton observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy 1H 0707-495. As in the first XMM-Newton observation, a sharp spectral drop is detected with energy that has shifted from 7 to 7.5 keV in two years. The drop is interpreted in terms of relativistically blurred ionized reflection from the accretion disc, while the energy shift can be accounted for by changes in the ionization state and, more importantly, emissivity profile on the disc. A flatter emissivity profile during the second higher flux observation reduces gravitational redshift effects, therefore shifting the edge to higher energy. Remarkably, ionized disc reflection and the associated power-law continuum provide a reasonable description of the broad-band spectrum, including the soft excess. Considering both observations, the spectral variability in 1H 0707-495 appears to be a result of the interplay between these two spectral components. The reflection component in the second observation is significantly less variable than the power law. Changes of the emissivity profile, spectral shape and variability properties (such as the rms spectrum) within the two observations are all consistent with a recently proposed model in which relativistic effects in the very inner regions of the nucleus play a major role.
Optical study of GaAs/AlAs pillar microcavities with elliptical cross section

GaAs/AlAs pillar microcavities with elliptical cross section have been fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy, electron-beam lithography, and reactive ion etching. We study their lowest energy confined photonic modes by photoluminescence, using a quantum box array placed inside the cavity as an internal broadband light source. Such an anisotropic cross section allows to split the twofold polarization degenerate fundamental mode of circular micropillars into a pair of orthogonal linearly polarized modes. Their energy splitting, which is well accounted for by a simple perturbative model, is studied experimentally and theoretically as a function of the eccentricity and average radius of the pillars. Splittings as large as 15 meV are observed, which is very encouraging for applications ranging from the improvement of the polarization locking in vertical cavity lasers to the fabrication of light emitting diodes with a better control of the spontaneous emission.
Robust root-clustering analysis in a union of subregions for descriptor systems

A robust matrix root-clustering analysis for descriptor systems is considered. It states a necessary and sufficient condition for a descriptor system to be regular, impulse free and to have its finite poles in a specified region of the complex plane. This region is a union of convex and possibly disjoint and non-symmetric subregions. A sufficient condition to preserve those properties in the presence of polytopic and norm-bounded uncertainties affecting the state matrix is also established. This condition is based upon the implicit derivation of parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. All the conditions are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities.
Optimal parameters estimation and vibration control of a viscoelastic adaptive sandwich beam incorporating an electrorheological fluid layer

The complex shear modulus of an electrorheological (ER) adaptive sandwich beam is optimally estimated to model the system for vibration control. In the composition of a three layered beam, the ER fluid layer is embedded between two constraining layers. Using finite element (FE) method, the governing equations of the composite viscoelastic beam are derived. The developed model is compared with the results found in the literature. In addition, for a fabricated ER sandwich beam, the ASTM E756 standard is employed to estimate the complex shear modulus of the viscoelastic layer in different electric fields. An optimization procedure is conducted based on particle swarm optimization (PSO). In this process, the rough estimation of complex shear modulus extracted by ASTM E756 is modified to correlate the results of the FE model and the experimental tests. The updated FE model is mapped into an appropriate form that can be used for control objectives. Finally, a semi-active sliding mode control is utilized to attenuate the vibration of the adaptive sandwich beam by tuning its electric field dependent characteristics.
Differences in Physiological Characteristics, Seed Germination, and Seedling Establishment in Response to Salt Stress between Dimorphic Seeds in the Halophyte Suaeda liaotungensis

Soil salinization is an increasing agricultural problem around the world, affecting crop productivity and quality. Seed germination and seedling establishment are susceptible to salt stress. Suaeda liaotungensis is a halophyte with strong salt tolerance that produces dimorphic seeds to adapt to the saline environment. Differences in physiological characteristics, seed germination, and seedling establishment in response to salt stress between dimorphic seeds in S. liaotungensis have not been reported. The results showed that brown seeds had significantly higher H2O2 and O2−. levels and betaine content, as well as POD and CAT activities, while they had significantly lower MDA and proline contents and SOD activity than black seeds. Light promoted the germination of brown seeds in a certain temperature range, and brown seeds could reach a higher germination percentage in a wide temperature range. However, light and temperature had no effect on the germination percentage of black seeds. Brown seeds had higher germination than black seeds under the same NaCl concentration. The final germination of brown seeds was significantly decreased as salt concentration increased, whereas this had no effect on the final germination of black seeds. POD and CAT activities, as well as MDA content, in brown seeds were significantly higher than those in black seeds during germination under salt stress. Additionally, the seedlings from brown seeds were more tolerant to salinity than those from black seeds. Therefore, these results will give an in-depth understanding of the adaptation strategies of dimorphic seeds to a salinization environment, and better exploitation and utilization of S. liaotungensis.
Yield of diagnosis and risk of stroke with screening strategies for atrial fibrillation: a comprehensive review of current evidence

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia worldwide. The presence of AF is associated with increased risk of systemic thromboembolism, but with the uptake of oral anticoagulant (OAC) and implementation of a holistic and integrated care management, this risk is substantially reduced. The diagnosis of AF requires a 30-s-long electrocardiographic (ECG) trace, irrespective of the presence of symptoms, which may represent the main indication for an ECG tracing. However, almost half patients are asymptomatic at the time of incidental AF diagnosis, with similar risk of stroke of those with clinical AF. This has led to a crucial role of screening for AF, to increase the diagnosis of population at risk of clinical events. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview about the epidemiology of asymptomatic AF, the different screening technologies, the yield of diagnosis in asymptomatic population, and the benefit derived from screening in terms of reduction of clinical adverse events, such as stroke, cardiovascular, and all-cause death. We aim to underline the importance of implementing AF screening programmes and reporting about the debate between scientific societies’ clinical guidelines recommendations and the concerns expressed by the regulatory authorities, which still do not recommend population-wide screening. This review summarizes data on the ongoing trials specifically designed to investigate the benefit of screening in terms of risk of adverse events which will further elucidate the importance of screening in reducing risk of outcomes and influence and inform clinical practice in the next future.
Domino convergence, drift, and the temporal-salience structure of problems

The convergence speed of building blocks depends on their marginal fitness contribution or on the salience structure of the problem. We use a sequential parameterization approach to build models of the differential convergence behavior, and derive time complexities for the boundary case which is obtained with an exponentially scaled problem (BinInt). We show that this domino convergence time complexity is linear in the number of building blocks (O(l)) for selection algorithms with constant selection intensity (such as tournament selection and (/spl mu/,/spl lambda/) or truncation selection), and exponential (O(2/sup l/)) for proportional selection. These complexities should be compared with the convergence speed for uniformly salient problems which are respectively (O(/spl radic/l)) and (O(l ln l)). In addition we relate this facetwise model to a genetic drift model, and identify where and when the stochastic fluctuations due to drift overwhelms the domino convergence, resulting in drift stall. The combined models interrelate the strong convergence of salient building blocks and the stochastic drift of less salient ones.
Genetic analysis and mapping of dwarf gene without yield penalty in a γ-ray-induced wheat mutant

Plant height is one of the most important agronomic traits that affects yield in wheat, owing to that the utilization of dwarf or semi-dwarf genes is closely associated with lodging resistance. In this study, we identified a semi-dwarf mutant, jg0030, induced by γ-ray mutagenesis of the wheat variety ‘Jing411’ (wild type). Compared with the ‘Jing411’, plant height of the jg0030 mutant was reduced by 7%-18% in two years’ field experiments, and the plants showed no changes in yield-related traits. Treatment with gibberellic acid (GA) suggested that jg0030 is a GA-sensitive mutant. Analysis of the frequency distribution of plant height in 297 F3 families derived from crossing jg0030 with the ‘Jing411’ indicated that the semi-dwarf phenotype is controlled by a major gene. Using the wheat 660K SNP array-based Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA) and the exome capture sequencing-BSA assay, the dwarf gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B. We developed a set of KASP markers and mapped the dwarf gene to a region between marker PH1 and PH7. This region encompassed a genetic distance of 55.21 cM, corresponding to a physical distance of 98.3 Mb. The results of our study provide a new genetic resource and linked markers for wheat improvement in molecular breeding programs.
Wavelet analysis of near-field pressure fluctuations generated by a subsonic jet

Abstract An experimental study of the pressure field generated by a subsonic, single stream, round jet is presented. The investigation is conducted in the near-field region at subsonic Mach numbers (up to 0.9) and Reynolds numbers $\mathit{Re}\gt 1{0}^{5} $. The main task of the present work is the analysis of the near-field acoustic pressure and the characterization of its spectral properties. To this aim, a novel post-processing technique based on the application of wavelet transforms is presented. The method accomplishes the separation of nearly Gaussian background fluctuations, interpreted as acoustic pressure, from intermittent pressure peaks induced by the hydrodynamic components. With respect to more standard approaches based on Fourier filtering, the new technique permits one to recover the whole frequency content of both the acoustic and the hydrodynamic contributions and to reconstruct them as independent signals in the time domain. The near-field acoustic pressure is characterized in terms of spectral content, sound pressure level and directivity. The effects of both the Mach number and the distance from the jet axis are analysed and the results are compared with published far-field observations and theoretical predictions. Simultaneous velocity/pressure measurements have been also performed using a hot-wire probe and a microphone pair in the near field. It is shown that the cross-correlation between the near-field acoustic pressure and the axial velocity is large (of the order of 0.2) in the potential core region whereas large velocity/hydrodynamic pressure correlations are located at the nozzle exit and downstream of the potential core.
Using Class Relationships for Identifying Invariants

Formally specified invariants on UML models greatly enhance the correctness of the model by restricting the state space such that invalid scenarios that are admitted by the class diagram can be forbidden. Identification of these invariants in the situations where objects may or may not be shared is critical to the development of the model. Simple patterns based upon “shapes” or patterns that exist in the class diagram can be applied to assist the developer in finding suitable places for these invariants and thus improving the preciseness or rigor of the models and the correctness of the system under development.