Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complete genome of mangrove-derived anti-MRSA streptomycete, Streptomyces pluripotens MUSC 135T

Microorganisms serve as attractive resources, owing to their ability to synthesize structurally-diverse substanceswith various bioactivities. Within the Bacteria domain, members of the genus Streptomyces have demonstrated remarkableability to produce clinically useful, secondary metabolites such as anticancer, antioxidants, antivirals and antibacterials.Streptomyces pluripotens MUSC 135T was isolated as novel strain from mangrove forest in Malaysia. This strain exhibitedbroad spectrum bacteriocin against several pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strainATCC BAA-44, Salmonella typhi ATCC 19430T and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966T. Thus, the strain was selected forwhole genome sequencing as an attempt to explore its bioactive potential. Here we report the first complete genome of S.pluripotens MUSC 135T genome which comprise of 7.35 Mbp with G+C content of 69.9 %. A total of 6,404 open readingframes (ORFs) were predicted, along with 18 rRNA and 69 tRNA genes. Using bacteriocin mining tool, BAGEL detectedeights gene clusters associated with bacteriocin production including lanthipeptides and linear azol(in)e-containing peptides(LAPs). Members of Streptomyces have contributed greatly towards improving lives, particularly against deadly infectionsand chronic diseases. The availability of S. pluripotens MUSC 135T genome sequence has opened new window for drugdiscovery, particularly for effective drugs against harmful pathogens such as MRSA and certainly deserves further detailedstudy.
Comparative life cycle assessment of centralized and distributed biomass processing systems combined with mixed feedstock landscapes

Lignocellulosic biofuels can help fulfill escalating demands for liquid fuels and mitigate the environmental impacts of petroleum‐derived fuels. Two key factors in the successful large‐scale production of lignocellulosic biofuels are pretreatment (in biological conversion processes) and a consistent supply of feedstock. Cellulosic biomass tends to be bulky and difficult to handle, thereby exacerbating feedstock supply challenges. Currently, large biorefineries face many logistical problems because they are fully integrated, centralized facilities in which all units of the conversion process are present in a single location. The drawbacks of fully integrated biorefineries can potentially be dealt by a network of distributed processing facilities called ‘Regional Biomass Processing Depots’ (RBPDs) which procure, preprocess/pretreat, densify and deliver feedstock to the biorefinery and return by‐products such as animal feed to end users. The primary objective of this study is to perform a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of distributed and centralized biomass processing systems. Additionally, we assess the effect that apportioning land area to different feedstocks within a landscape has on the energy yields and environmental impacts of the overall systems. To accomplish these objectives, we conducted comparative LCAs of distributed and centralized processing systems combined with farm‐scale landscapes of varying acreages allocated to a ‘corn‐system’ consisting of corn grain, stover and rye (grown as a winter double crop) and two perennial grasses, switchgrass and miscanthus. The distributed processing system yields practically the same total energy and generates 3.7% lower greenhouse gas emissions than the centralized system. Sensitivity analyses identified perennial grass yields, biomass densification and its corresponding energy requirements, transport energy requirements and carbon sequestration credits for conversion from annual to perennial crops as key parameters that significantly affect the overall results.
Commentary

Concurrent chemoradiation is now the standard of care for intermediateand advanced-stage laryngeal cancer. Careful diagnosis and precise staging play a pivotal role in determining treatment selection for these patients, many of whom are cured of their disease with an intact larynx and good function. As head and neck surgeons, often responsible with the long-term care and follow-up of these patients, we see many patients whose larynx was preserved but whose function is greatly impaired. Some patients, despite oncological control of their disease, remain dependent on a tracheostomy to breathe and speak and on gastrostomy for nutrition. These patientsmay have initially been amenable to a function-preserving surgical approach, such as transoral laser microsurgery and supracricoid partial laryngectomy (SCPL). But determining which patients are candidates for the function-preserving surgery is not possible under the current American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging schema. The AJCC classification of T3 laryngeal carcinomas, whether glottic or supraglottic, hinges in large part on the assessment of vocal cord \fixation" (see Figure 1). For both glottic and supraglottic tumors, vocal cord fixation defines the tumor as T3. For glottic cancers, paraglottic space involvement or minor thyroid cartilage invasion may also designate a tumor as T3, whereas for supraglottic disease, tumoral involvement of the postcricoid area, pre-epiglottic tissues, or paraglottic space, and/or minor thyroid cartilage erosion also define the tumor as T3. None of these current criteria addresses arytenoid mobility. The paired arytenoid cartilages articulate with the posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage. These 2 cartilages and associated neuromuscular structures (the recurrent laryngeal and superior laryngeal nerves as well attached musculature) form the \cricoarytenoid unit" (CA unit). It is the function of the cricoarytenoid unit that actually drives vocal cord mobility. The intrinsic vocal musculature (known as the vocalis and thyroarytenoid muscles) contracts or relaxes the cord. The crucial function of adduction and abduction is driven by the CA unit. Yet, the current AJCC classification makes no mention of the arytenoids or cricoarytenoid joint, instead relying upon the \vocal cordmobility" as the key measure of laryngeal function. In fact, for the purposes of tumor classification, distinguishing between impaired vocal cord mobility (T2) and vocal cord fixation (T3) is quite problematic. This distinction can be difficult, even with use of slow-motion, high-resolution stroboscopic analysis. For instance, Correspondence to: F. C. Holsinger
Envolvimento de CD200 na infectividade de isolados de Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis associados à leishmaniose cutânea localizada e leishmaniose cutânea difusa.

Borda SL. Involvement of CD200 in the infectivity of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis isolates associated with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. [Masters thesis (Biology of the host-pathogen interaction)]. São Paulo: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2015. Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis is one of the etiologic agents of two different forms of leishmaniasis. In Brasil, L. (L.) amazonensis is the only specie associated with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) and in some of the cases with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL). While LCL is characterized by presenting one unique ulcerated lesion that in most of the cases cures spontaneously, DCL is characterized by having multiple non ulcerative nodules in different parts of the body that disseminate throughout the skin. DCL patients are difficult to treat because of the high number of relapses. Until now, it is not well understood which factors that influence the development of the different forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis. On the other hand, the parasites virulence has been associated with the ability to survive in the intracellular environment of the activated macrophage, using different strategies for evading the host immune response. CD200 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed in several cell types. When interacting with CD200R, a cell surface receptor present in all the myeloid cell types, CD200 triggers a signaling pathway that ends with the inhibition of the proinflammatory response of the cell. Recently it was revealed during the infection process in macrophages L. (L.) amazonensis enhances CD200 expression in the early stages of infection, thus resulting in the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production and an increase in the intracellular survival of amastigotes. Knowing the importance of CD200 during L. (L.) amazonensis infection, the aim of this study was to determine the association between the induction of CD200 during infection with L. (L.) amazonensis isolates associated with LCL or DCL. Macrophages were infected with different forms of the parasite and in various intervals so we could understand the importance of CD200. An increase in CD200 expression was noteworthy in the late stages of infection, which was also related to a higher infectivity rate of L. (L.) amazonensis isolates. Nevertheless, we could not associate the increased expression of CD200 glycoprotein with the clinical form of the disease associated with the isolates, perhaps the higher amounts of CD200 were related to the infectivity capacity in the C57BL/6 mice.
Serious Games Requirements for Higher-Order Thinking Skills in Science Education

Education in the 21st century emphasises the mastery of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) in the pursuit of developing competitive human capital globally. HOTS can be taught through science education. However, science education is considered very challenging leaving students feeling less interested and less motivated. Apart from that, students are found to be weak in mastering their thinking skills based on the decline in students’ achievements in the Trend in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Programme International Students Assessment (PISA) tests. This situation highlights the need to change the approach of teaching and learning science in line with the current technological changes to meet the challenges of globalisation. Previous studies showed that the use of serious games in learning can enhance students’ thinking skills. Thus, serious games can be used to develop higher-order thinking skills among students. This paper presented results of preliminary study using interviews, document analysis, and questionnaire survey. Findings have shown that there are several issues and challenges of teaching and learning in implementing HOTS in science education, in addition to game design requirement for science education. The requirements will be used to design a serious game implementing HOTS in science education.
Forest Soil Respirations are More Sensitive to Nighttime Temperature Change in Eastern China

Soil respiration is one of the main fluxes in the global carbon cycle. The effect of temperature on soil respiration is well understood. The response of soil respiration to temperature warming is called apparent temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration, which is an important parameter in modeling soil CO2 effluxes under global climate warming. The difference of Q10 between daytime and nighttime was hardly reported although attentions are attracted by the differences of temperature change and its effects on vegetation productivity. In this study, we investigated the Q10 of soil respiration in daytime and nighttime by modeling empirical functions based on the in situ measurement of soil respiration and temperature in temperate and subtropical forests of eastern China. Our results showed that the Q10 of soil respiration is higher in nighttime with the mean value of 2.74 and 2.35 than daytime with the average of 2.49 and 2.18 in all measured months and growing season, respectively. Moreover, the explanatory rate of soil temperature to soil respiration in nighttime is also higher than in daytime in each site in both all measured and growing seasons. The Q10 and explanatory rate of soil temperature to soil respiration in nighttime is 1.08 and 1.15 times in daytime in growing season. These findings indicate that soil respiration has a bigger sensitivity to temperature in nighttime than daytime. The change of soil temperature explains more variation of soil respiration in nighttime than daytime.
Intermediate lengths of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion may synergistically contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in child and his father: case report

ABSTRACT We have summarized the abstract section as follows: “We report a son and his father aﬀected by Attention Deﬁcit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). They belonged to a larger cohort (116 ADHD children, 20 related parents, 77 controls) wholly genotyped forC9ORF72 expansion. Ten ADHD susceptibility genes were further investigated in the family. We revealed that son and father shared an intermediateC9ORF72 expansion and common variants inCDH23, ITGAE and MTRR. Bioinformatics highlighted aC9ORF72-MTRR interaction. This case-report underlines that in relatives with ADHD, carrying variants in ADHD susceptibility genes, the intermediateC9ORF72 repeats might have a potentially pathogenetic synergistic eﬀect, supporting the multifactorial polygenic aetiopathogenetic proﬁle of disease”.
Counting partitions of Gn,1/2$$ {G}_{n,1/2} $$ with degree congruence conditions

For G=Gn,1/2$$ G={G}_{n,1/2} $$ , the Erdős–Renyi random graph, let Xn$$ {X}_n $$ be the random variable representing the number of distinct partitions of V(G)$$ V(G) $$ into sets A1,…,Aq$$ {A}_1,\dots, {A}_q $$ so that the degree of each vertex in G[Ai]$$ G\left[{A}_i\right] $$ is divisible by q$$ q $$ for all i∈[q]$$ i\in \left[q\right] $$ . We prove that if q≥3$$ q\ge 3 $$ is odd then Xn→dPo(1/q! )$$ {X}_n\overset{d}{\to \limits}\mathrm{Po}\left(1/q! \right) $$ , and if q≥4$$ q\ge 4 $$ is even then Xn→dPo(2q/q! )$$ {X}_n\overset{d}{\to \limits}\mathrm{Po}\left({2}^q/q! \right) $$ . More generally, we show that the distribution is still asymptotically Poisson when we require all degrees in G[Ai]$$ G\left[{A}_i\right] $$ to be congruent to xi$$ {x}_i $$ modulo q$$ q $$ for each i∈[q]$$ i\in \left[q\right] $$ , where the residues xi$$ {x}_i $$ may be chosen freely. For q=2$$ q=2 $$ , the distribution is not asymptotically Poisson, but it can be determined explicitly.
Unbiased Sentence Encoder For Large-Scale Multi-lingual Search Engines

In this paper, we present a multi-lingual sentence encoder that can be used in search engines as a query and document encoder. This embedding enables a semantic similarity score between queries and documents that can be an important feature in document ranking and relevancy. To train such a customized sentence encoder, it is beneficial to leverage users search data in the form of query-document clicked pairs however, we must avoid relying too much on search click data as it is biased and does not cover many unseen cases. The search data is heavily skewed towards short queries and for long queries is small and often noisy. The goal is to design a universal multi-lingual encoder that works for all cases and covers both short and long queries. We select a number of public NLI datasets in different languages and translation data and together with user search data we train a language model using a multi-task approach. A challenge is that these datasets are not homogeneous in terms of content, size and the balance ratio. While the public NLI datasets are usually two-sentence based with the same portion of positive and negative pairs, the user search data can contain multi-sentence documents and only positive pairs. We show how multi-task training enables us to leverage all these datasets and exploit knowledge sharing across these tasks.
A Unified Survey on Anomaly, Novelty, Open-Set, and Out-of-Distribution Detection: Solutions and Future Challenges

Machine learning models often encounter samples that are diverged from the training distribution. Failure to recognize an out-of-distribution (OOD) sample, and consequently assign that sample to an in-class label significantly compromises the reliability of a model. The problem has gained significant attention due to its importance for safety deploying models in open-world settings. Detecting OOD samples is challenging due to the intractability of modeling all possible unknown distributions. To date, several research domains tackle the problem of detecting unfamiliar samples, including anomaly detection, novelty detection, one-class learning, open set recognition, and out-of-distribution detection. Despite having similar and shared concepts, out-of-distribution, open-set, and anomaly detection have been investigated independently. Accordingly, these research avenues have not cross-pollinated, creating research barriers. While some surveys intend to provide an overview of these approaches, they seem to only focus on a specific domain without examining the relationship between different domains. This survey aims to provide a cross-domain and comprehensive review of numerous eminent works in respective areas while identifying their commonalities. Researchers can benefit from the overview of research advances in different fields and develop future methodology synergistically. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, while there are surveys in anomaly detection or one-class learning, there is no comprehensive or up-to-date survey on out-of-distribution detection, which our survey covers extensively. Finally, having a unified cross-domain perspective, we discuss and shed light on future lines of research, intending to bring these fields closer together.
Global Information Technology Outsourcing: In Search of Business Advantage

From the Publisher: "This book has the potential to become the definitive book on the many dimensions of outsourcing as it matures into a complex, multi-faceted phenomenon. IT outsourcing is still the subject of considerable concern for all stakeholders involved in this area. Written by two internationally acclaimed researchers in this area, this book represents the most definitive research and best practice base so far on the organizational pursuit of IT outsourcing. " "This study is based on research with 75 worldwide organizations including Dupont, British Aerospace and BP Exploration. Authors offer from the evidence gathered the best practice through this complex and ever-developing market. "--BOOK JACKET.
Inelastic earthquake response and design of multistorey torsionally unbalanced structures

Structures exhibit coupled torsional and translational responses to earthquake ground motion input if their centres of floor mass and their centres of resistance do not coincide. However, torsional motions may occur even in nominally symmetric structures due to accidental eccentricity and torsional ground motions. The sources giving rise to accidental eccentricity include the difference between the assumed and actual distributions of mass and stiffness, asymmetric yielding strength, non-linear patterns of force-deformation relationships, and differences in coupling of the structural foundation with the supporting soil. Symmetric and regular buildings that are properly designed have a much higher ability to survive a strong earthquake event than asymmetric buildings and their response to earthquake loading is far more straightforward to predict and design for. On the other hand, even though the response of asymmetric buildings is more unpredictable, designers still have to compromise structural regularity to accommodate functional and aesthetic needs. As a result, serious and widespread damage associated with structural asymmetry has been observed repeatedly in past major earthquakes. In the first studies examining torsional effects in buildings, attention was focused on the elastic structural behaviour of single-storey buildings and the main purpose was to achieve a complete understanding of the effects of mass and stiffness eccentricities and to evaluate them by simple static models. However, as the response of real structures is mainly inelastic, these studies gave poor information on torsional behaviour and interest has moved towards non-linear response studies. In an effort to clarify some of the issues influencing the inelastic torsional response of multistorey asymmetric structures, this thesis presents a series of coherent parametric investigations. These investigations include comparing the response of various reference models to the performance of code-designed torsionally unbalanced structures. An extensive parametric investigation of torsionally responding structures designed as stipulated by a selection of major earthquake building codes is presented and the adequacy of the static torsional provisions is assessed for a wide range of structural configurations and parameters. Detailed investigations of torsionally asymmetric structures incorporating frame elements oriented along both orthogonal axes of the structure are also conducted and the effect of including the second earthquake component to simultaneously excite the structural models is quantified. The relative merits and deficiencies of each code provision are discussed and a new proposed optimised method is tested. All fundamental conclusions from the investigations conducted are presented and various topics for further research are proposed, which are considered to be both necessary and pertinent for increasing and refining the knowledge and understanding the complex behaviour of multistorey torsionally asymmetric buildings.
Cross-Modal Cloze Task: A New Task to Brain-to-Word Decoding

Decoding language from non-invasive brain activity has attracted increasing attention from both researchers in neuroscience and natural language processing. Due to the noisy nature of brain recordings, existing work has simplified brain-to-word decoding as a binary classification task which is to discriminate a brain signal between its corresponding word and a wrong one. This pairwise classification task, however, cannot promote the development of practical neural decoders for two reasons. First, it has to enumerate all pairwise combinations in the test set, so it is inefficient to predict a word in a large vocabulary. Second, a perfect pairwise decoder cannot guarantee the performance on direct classification. To overcome these and go a step further to a realistic neural decoder, we propose a novel Cross-Modal Cloze (CMC) task which is to predict the target word encoded in the neural image with a context as prompt. Furthermore, to address this task, we propose a general approach that leverages the pre-trained language model to predict the target word. To validate our method, we perform experiments on more than 20 participants from two brain imaging datasets. Our method achieves 28.91% top-1 accuracy and 54.19% top-5 accuracy on average across all participants, significantly outperforming several baselines. This result indicates that our model can serve as a state-of-the-art baseline for the CMC task. More importantly, it demonstrates that it is feasible to decode a certain word within a large vocabulary from its neural brain activity.
Young's Symmetrizers for Projective Representations of the Symmetric Group☆

It is a basic fact of representation theory that any irreducible representation of a finite group G over the complex field C can be realized as the left ideal in the group algebra C[G] generated by a certain element ", such that "=". This realization is especially preferable since here the group G acts via left multiplication. But no direct construction of the element " is known for a general G. However, if G is the symmetric group Sn , there exists an explicit formula for the element " due to Alfred Young [Y]. As early as in 1911, Issai Schur [S] discovered a nontrivial central Z2-extension Tn of group Sn . That is, the group Sn possesses projective representations which cannot be reduced to linear ones. The group Tn is generated by the elements t1 , . , tn&1 and the central element ` subject to the relations `=1 and