Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Factorial to Quadratic Time Complexity for Sentence Realization Using Nearest Neighbour Algorithm

{karthikg@students,sriram@research,taraka@students}. iiit.ac. in Abstract. Sentence Realization is the task of generating a well-formed sentence from a bag of words. Sentence Realization is a major step in many Natural Language Processing applications like Machine Translation (MT), Summariza- tion and Dialogue Systems. In this paper, we explore a graph based Nearest Neighbour Algorithm for the task of Sentence Realization. Sentence Realization is a major step in many Natural Language Processing applications like Machine Translation (MT), Summarization and Dialogue Systems. The task of Sen- tence Realization involves formation of a well-formed sentence from a bag of lexical items. These lexical items may be attached syntactically with one another. The level of syntactic information varies from application to application. Our aim consists of achiev- ing quality sentence realiser using as much as minimum syntactic information and of minimal computational complexity. As such our experiments assume only basic syntactic information, such as unlabeled dependency relationships between the lexical items. Graph based algorithms for Natural Language applications such as Pars- ing (McDonald et al. 2005), Summarization (Mihalcea and Tarau 2005) and Word sense disambiguation (Mihalcea 2005) have been well explored. For the task of Sentence Re- alization, graph based algorithms have yet to be explored. This paper is a novel effort in that direction.
Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: A review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment1

Phytoplankton can become limited by the availability of nutrients when light and temperature are adequate and loss rates are not excessive. The current paradigms for nutrient limitations in freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments are quite different. A review of the experimental and observational data used to infer P or N limitation of phytoplankton growth indicates that P limitation in freshwater environments can be demonstrated rigorously at several hierarchical levels of system complexity, from algal cultures to whole lakes. A similarly rigorous demonstration of N limitation has not been achieved for marine waters. Therefore, we conclude that the extent and severity of N limitation in the marine environment remain an open question. Culture studies have established that internal cellular concentrations of nutrients determine phytoplankton growth rates, and these studies have shown that it is often difficult to relate growth rates to external concentrations, especially in natural situations. This should lead to a greater reliance on the composition of particulate matter and biomass-based physiological rates to infer nutrient limitation. Such measurements have demonstrated their utility in a wide variety of freshwater and marine environments, and, most importantly, they can be applied to systems that are difficult to manipulate experimentally or budget accurately. Dissolved nutrient concentrations are most useful in determining nutrient loading rates of aquatic ecosystems. The relative proportions of nutrients supplied to phytoplankton can be a strong selective force shaping phytoplankton communities and affecting the biomass yield per unit of limiting nutrient. A current dogma of aquatic science is that marine and estuarine phytoplankton tend to be nitrogen limited, while freshwater phytoplankton tend to be phosphorus limited. Carpenter and Capone (1983) documented the preeminence of N studies in the literature on brackish and marine ecosystems. In 1970 there were equal numbers of references per year to N and P. The decade of the seventies saw a nearly fourfold increase in references to N, while the number of P references per year remained essentially unchanged. No trend was evident for the freshwater literature despite the fact that by the late seventies the evidence for P limitation had become so great that phosphorus control was recommended as the legislated basis for controlling eutrophication in North American and European inland waters (e.g.
Effect of Core Strength on the Measure of Power in the Extremities

Shinkle, J, Nesser, TW, Demchak, TJ, and McMannus, DM. Effect of core strength on the measure of power in the extremities. J Strength Cond Res 26(2): 373–380, 2012—The purpose of this study was to (a) develop a functional field test to assess the role of the core musculature and its impact on sport performance in an athletic population and (b) develop a functional field test to determine how well the core can transfer forces from the lower to the upper extremities. Twenty-five DI collegiate football players performed medicine ball throws (forward, reverse, right, and left) in static and dynamic positions. The results of the medicine ball throws were compared with several athletic performance measurements: 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat, squat kg/bw, 1RM bench press, bench kg/bw, countermovement vertical jump (CMJ), 40-yd dash (40 yd), and proagility (PrA). Push press power (PWR) was used to measure the transfer of forces through the body. Several correlations were found in both the static and dynamic medicine ball throws when compared with the performance measures. Static reverse correlated with CMJ (r = 0.44), 40 yd (r = 0.5), and PrA (r = 0.46). Static left correlated with bench kg/bw (0.42), CMJ (0.44), 40 yd (0.62), and PrA (0.59). Static right also correlated with bench kg/bw (0.41), 40 yd (0.44), and PrA (0.65). Dynamic forward (DyFw) correlated with the 1RM squat (r = 0.45) and 1RM bench (0.41). Dynamic left and Dynamic right correlated with CMJ, r = 0.48 and r = 0.40, respectively. Push press power correlated with bench kg/bw (0.50), CMJ (0.48), and PrA (0.48). A stepwise regression for PWR prediction identified 1RM squat as the best predictor. The results indicate that core strength does have a significant effect on an athlete's ability to create and transfer forces to the extremities. Currently, plank exercises are considered an adequate method of training the core for athletes to improve core strength and stability. This is a problem because it puts the athletes in a nonfunctional static position that is very rarely replicated in the demands of sport-related activities. The core is the center of most kinetic chains in the body and should be trained accordingly.
Immunotherapy Against HPV16/18 Generates Potent TH1 and Cytotoxic Cellular Immune Responses

CD8+ T cells with cytolytic activity are induced after therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccination in humans. Shocking HPV into Submission Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is frequently asymptomatic but can lead to the development of cervical cancer in infected women. Current vaccines against HPV are quite effective at preventing infection; however, there is no vaccine to help those already infected. Now, Bagarazzi et al. report that a therapeutic vaccine for HPV can induce an immune response in a phase 1 study. VGX-3100 is a candidate vaccine for the high-risk HPV serotypes 16 and 18. Here, 18 women previously treated for cervical neoplasia—a precursor to cervical cancer—were given the DNA vaccine VGX-3100 by electroporation—where a small localized electric pulse accompanies the injection—in a range of doses. Previous attempts at DNA vaccination have proved less than successful in clinical trials; however, preclinical studies suggest that electroporation may greatly enhance the efficacy of the vaccine. The authors show that the electroporation-delivered VGX-3100 induces a robust HPV-specific immune response in previously infected individuals and that the vaccine is safe and immunogenic. Although efficacy remains to be tested in a larger trial, the enhanced immune response elicited by VGX-3100 may attack HPV-infected cells, potentially inducing cancer regression in individuals already infected with HPV. Despite the development of highly effective prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) serotypes 16 and 18, prevention of cervical dysplasia and cancer in women infected with high-risk HPV serotypes remains an unmet medical need. We report encouraging phase 1 safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity results for a therapeutic HPV16/18 candidate vaccine, VGX-3100, delivered by in vivo electroporation (EP). Eighteen women previously treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 (CIN2/3) received a three-dose (intramuscular) regimen of highly engineered plasmid DNA encoding HPV16 and HPV18 E6/E7 antigens followed by EP in a dose escalation study (0.3, 1, and 3 mg per plasmid). Immunization was well tolerated with reports of mild injection site reactions and no study-related serious or grade 3 and 4 adverse events. No dose-limiting toxicity was noted, and pain was assessed by visual analog scale, with average scores decreasing from 6.2/10 to 1.4 within 10 min. Average peak interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot magnitudes were highest in the 3 mg cohort in comparison to the 0.3 and 1 mg cohorts, suggesting a trend toward a dose effect. Flow cytometric analysis revealed the induction of HPV-specific CD8+ T cells that efficiently loaded granzyme B and perforin and exhibited full cytolytic functionality in all cohorts. These data indicate that VGX-3100 is capable of driving robust immune responses to antigens from high-risk HPV serotypes and could contribute to elimination of HPV-infected cells and subsequent regression of the dysplastic process.
A study of the career commitment, stress levels, and coping resources of musicians, and the influence of personality : a thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology at Massey University

vi CI:IAJ>TER ()NE: ~TR01)lJCTI01'1" . 1 CI:IAJ>TER TW(): CAllEER COM~MITMENT . 3 Career Theory: An ()verview . 3 Work Commitment Theory . 4 Career Commitment . 6 Career Commitment I)ominant Theoretical Frameworks and Measurement . 7 Career Commitment Research . 10 The Careers and Career Commitment of Musicians . 11 Research Questions . 13 CHAPTER THllEE: STRESS, STllAINS, AN[) COPING . 14 Stress: Theories and I)efinitions . 14 Stress Outcomes . 17 Coping: Theories and I)efinitions . 18 Coping Responses and Outcomes . 20 Mediators and Moderators of the Stress Process . 22 Measurement of Stress and Coping . 25 Musicians and Stress . 26 Musicians and Coping . 30 Research Questions . 31
EVIDENCE BASED PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND PRACTICE Validity of an adaptation of the Framingham cardiovascular risk function: the VERIFICA study

Jaume Marrugat, Isaac Subirana, Eva Comı́n, Carmen Cabezas, Joan Vila, Roberto Elosua, ByungHo Nam, Rafel Ramos, Joan Sala, Pascual Solanas, Ferran Cordón, Joan Gené-Badia, Ralph B D’Agostino, for the VERIFICA (Validez de la Ecuación de Riesgo Individual de Framingham de Incidentes Coronarios Adaptada*) Investigators .
Probabilistically Checkable Proofs and Approximating Solutions to Hard Problems

2 A Brief Introduction to Theory of Computation 3 2.1 Some Notation . 3 2.2 Modelling Computation Turing Machines . 3 2.3 NP Problems . 5 2.4 SampleNP Problems . 7 2.5 Optimizations forNP Problems . 9
The Asymptotic Convergence-rate of Q-learning

In this paper we show that for discounted MDPs with discount factor > 1=2 the asymptotic rate of convergence of Q-learning is O(1=t R(1? )) if R(1 ? ) < 1=2 and O(p log log t=t) otherwise provided that the state-action pairs are sampled from a xed probability distribution. Here R = p min =p max is the ratio of the minimum and maximum state-action occupation frequencies. The results extend to convergent on-line learning provided that p min > 0, where p min and p max now become the minimum and maximum state-action occupation frequencies corresponding to the stationary distribution.
Serological antibodies against LY6K as a diagnostic biomarker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic values of autoantibodies against lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus K (LY6K) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: After cloning, expressing, and purifying LY6K as fusion proteins, LY6K autoantibodies were measured in 62 patient and 58 control serum samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the LY6K mRNA levels in ESCC and adjacent tissues. Results: LY6K autoantibodies were found significantly higher in patients than controls. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.85, and the optimal sensitivity and specificity for ESCC detection were 80.6 and 78.7%, respectively. LY6K mRNA expressions in patients were upregulated. Conclusions: Autoantibodies against LY6K may be a good diagnostic biomarker for ESCC.
The medicinal plants in the control of tuberculosis: Laboratory study on medicinal plants from the Northern Area of Pakistan

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of deaths due to infectious diseases. Although global efforts have been made to control TB, still, this is a serious threat as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) produced resistance against both the first- and second-line drugs. The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant, extremely drug resistant, and totally drug-resistant TB worldwide requires extra efforts to search for new anti-TB drugs. Materials and Methods: The present study evaluated the antimycobacterial activities of Citrullus colocynthis, Calotropis procera, Ricinus communis, Capparis decidua, and Fagonia cretica plants' extracts against rifampicin-sensitive (H37Rv) and rifampicin-resistant (TMC331) strains of MTB. Results: Out of 44 extracts, 19 extracts were found active against H37Rv sensitive strain. Highest activities were observed in chloroform extract of C. colocynthis (leaves) and n-hexane extract of R. communis (seeds) with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 2.5 mg/ml each. Conclusions: Results show antimycobacterial potential in some of the fractions of studied plants that may be utilized further for isolation of active compounds and as a possible cure against TB.
The Biological Relevance of ZAP-70 in CLL

Initially, CLL was considered as a homogeneous disease caused by the accumulation of functionally incompetent B lymphocytes carrying no mutations in the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IgVH) genes. However, further studies by Schroeder and Dighiero suggested that IgVH genes may be mutated in CLL (Schroeder & Dighiero 1994). This report changed the general view of CLL and gained even more significance when the mutational status of the IgVH genes was linked to the prognosis of the patients in two independent studies (Damle et al. 1999, Hamblin et al. 1999). These studies showed for the first time that patients with CLL cells expressing unmutated IgVH genes presented with a more aggressive disease and shorter survival than those with cells carrying mutated IgVH genes. Determination of the mutational status of the IgVH genes in CLL patients became of great interest, but even today remains difficult to carry out in most medical centers since the technique is laborious, expensive and time-consuming. Therefore many efforts have been made to identify possible surrogate markers with the same prognostic value as the mutation status. In 2001, two independent groups published their studies in which they compared the gene expression profiles for IgVH mutated versus unmutated CLL cells. Because, the description of the two groups of CLL with markedly different prognosis prompted the idea that CLL consisted of two different entities originating from either naive or memory cells, it was unexpected that only a few differentially expressed genes were found (Rosenwald et al. 2001, Klein et al. 2001). Among them, ZAP-70 appeared to be one of the most significant (Rosenwald et al. 2001). Subsequently, the correlation of ZAP-70 expression with the mutational status of the IgVH genes was assessed in larger series of CLL patients, where ZAP-70 was mostly found expressed in unmutated CLL (reviewed in (Van Bockstaele et al. 2009)). Further clinical studies revealed that ZAP-70 was also an independent prognostic marker (Bosch et al. 2006). There were several attempts to standardize the determination of ZAP-70 expression by flow cytometry (Crespo et al. 2003, Wang et al. 2011, Van Bockstaele et al. 2006). Although, a successful standardized procedure was put forward by the European Research Initiative on CLL (ERIC), the determination and interpretation of ZAP70 remains difficult (Letestu et al. 2006) and optimalization is still ongoing.
Numerical simulation on mode transition of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge in helium-oxygen mixture

A one-dimensional numerical simulation of a homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge has been carried out for a nonequilibrium helium-oxygen mixture plasma to understand the influences of oxygen additive on its discharge characteristics at atmospheric pressure. The numerical results obtained by solving continuity equations for plasma species and Poisson equation show that, depending on the amount of oxygen added, the homogeneous barrier discharge turns out to have two fundamental modes: glow and Townsend. When oxygen is rare, the discharge has similar characteristics to the direct current glow discharge at low pressure. As the oxygen additive increases, the discharge characteristics of the glow mode are destroyed and changed into the Townsend mode. The reason for this mode transition is due to the fact that oxygen plays an important role both in quenching helium metastables and in attaching electrons on it in the plasma. As a practical method of sustaining the glow mode even with high oxygen concentration in the discharge, adjustment of the frequency of applied driving voltage is introduced. The numerical simulation reveals that the glow mode recovers from the Townsend mode by increasing the frequency while the amount of oxygen is highly contained. Finally, discharge operation regimes for the glow and Townsend modes are numerically obtained, which are dependent on both oxygen additive and applied frequency.
Improving Image Clustering With Multiple Pretrained CNN Feature Extractors

For many image clustering problems, replacing raw image data with features extracted by a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN), leads to better clustering performance. However, the specific features extracted, and, by extension, the selected CNN architecture, can have a major impact on the clustering results. In practice, this crucial design choice is often decided arbitrarily due to the impossibility of using cross-validation with unsupervised learning problems. However, information contained in the different pretrained CNN architectures may be complementary, even when pretrained on the same data. To improve clustering performance, we rephrase the image clustering problem as a multi-view clustering (MVC) problem that considers multiple different pretrained feature extractors as different "views" of the same data. We then propose a multi-input neural network architecture that is trained end-to-end to solve the MVC problem effectively. Our experimental results, conducted on three different natural image datasets, show that: 1. using multiple pretrained CNNs jointly as feature extractors improves image clustering; 2. using an end-to-end approach improves MVC; and 3. combining both produces state-of-the-art results for the problem of image clustering.
Rank Modulation for Flash Memories

We explore a novel data representation scheme for multilevel flash memory cells, in which a set of n cells stores information in the permutation induced by the different charge levels of the individual cells. The only allowed charge-placement mechanism is a ldquopush-to-the-toprdquo operation, which takes a single cell of the set and makes it the top-charged cell. The resulting scheme eliminates the need for discrete cell levels, as well as overshoot errors, when programming cells. We present unrestricted Gray codes spanning all possible n-cell states and using only "push-to-the-top" operations, and also construct balanced Gray codes. One important application of the Gray codes is the realization of logic multilevel cells, which is useful in conventional storage solutions. We also investigate rewriting schemes for random data modification. We present both an optimal scheme for the worst case rewrite performance and an approximation scheme for the average-case rewrite performance.
IOHprofiler: A Benchmarking and Profiling Tool for Iterative Optimization Heuristics

IOHprofiler is a new tool for analyzing and comparing iterative optimization heuristics. Given as input algorithms and problems written in C or Python, it provides as output a statistical evaluation of the algorithms' performance by means of the distribution on the fixed-target running time and the fixed-budget function values. In addition, IOHprofiler also allows to track the evolution of algorithm parameters, making our tool particularly useful for the analysis, comparison, and design of (self-)adaptive algorithms. IOHprofiler is a ready-to-use software. It consists of two parts: an experimental part, which generates the running time data, and a post-processing part, which produces the summarizing comparisons and statistical evaluations. The experimental part is build on the COCO software, which has been adjusted to cope with optimization problems that are formulated as functions $f:\mathcal{S}^n \to \R$ with $\mathcal{S}$ being a discrete alphabet of integers. The post-processing part is our own work. It can be used as a stand-alone tool for the evaluation of running time data of arbitrary benchmark problems. It accepts as input files not only the output files of IOHprofiler, but also original COCO data files. The post-processing tool is designed for an interactive evaluation, allowing the user to chose the ranges and the precision of the displayed data according to his/her needs. IOHprofiler is available on GitHub at \url{this https URL}.
Construction of Immune-Related Prognostic Signatures in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is characterized as a type of hematological malignancy with poor survival. Accumulated evidence showed that dysregulated immune activities contribute to the pathogenesis of AML and accelerate the development of chemotherapy resistance. Thus, we aimed to construct prognostic signatures based on patients’ immune features to sort out the high-risk group and to identify survival-related checkpoint molecules as potential therapeutic targets.Methods: In the current study, we developed two prognostic signatures based on immune genes and infiltrated fraction of immune cells, respectively, using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model, and Cox regression analysis on 415 samples obtained from TCGA and GEO databases. Results: We found the optimum strategy for predicting patients’ survival is combined using these two prognostic immune-related signatures. Through our established signatures, we classified patients into Favorable Risk group and Poor Risk group, who showed significantly different OS and DFS. We further demonstrated the checkpoint molecules’ profile in different risk groups. Conclusions: we constructed a powerful prognostic tool here to help classify high-risk patients in early-stage, who may benefit from additional immune therapies by targeting identified checkpoint molecules.