Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-Native English Speakers and the Development of Socially Responsible Leadership During College

Developing leadership capacity for college students is a fundamental goal of higher education institutions (Astin & Astin, 2000). Contemporary perspectives consider leadership development of college students to be a process toward equity, social responsibility, and positive changes to the community (HERI, 1996). This process values the importance of understanding oneself and working with others for college students from all backgrounds. Further, promoting socially responsible leadership among college students is increasingly important with the ongoing pandemic and the growing awareness of racial injustice. At the same time, colleges and universities have been striving to meet the needs of diverse student populations. Since conveying ideas and working in teams are integral in leadership development, language background can be an important factor shaping college students’ leadership capacities. In this study, we were interested in the leadership development of non-native English-speaking (NNES) students. NNES students are likely to be Students of Color, immigrants, or born in the US but speak another language at home (Liu et al., 2019; Nuñez et al., 2016). These students are receiving increased attention given their growing numbers in educational systems. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2020), about 1 in 5 US residents speaks a language other than English at home. To date, there remains a dearth of knowledge regarding the leadership development of this student group. This presents a challenge to postsecondary educators and practitioners in their effort to meet the needs of these students. As such, the research question guiding our study was: Is being a non-native English speaker related to student leadership development during college?
Trained Immunity as a Trigger for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Literature Review

Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases and represents a primary public health challenge. This chronic state may lead to a number of life-threatening conditions, such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Lipid metabolism alterations and inflammation remain at the forefront of the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the overall mechanism is not yet fully understood. Recently, significant effects of trained immunity on atherosclerotic plaque formation and development have been reported. An increased reaction to restimulation with the same stimulator is a hallmark of the trained innate immune response. The impact of trained immunity is a prominent factor in both acute and chronic coronary syndrome, which we outline in this review.
THE FINANCIAL INCLUSION, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND CO2 EMISSIONS NEXUS IN THE BRICS NATIONS: NEW EVIDENCE BASED ON THE METHOD OF MOMENTS QUANTILE REGRESSION

This paper aims to examine the nexus between financial inclusion, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, and carbon emissions according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the BRICS nations, employing the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (M.M.Q.R.) approach for 2002-2019. The causal linkages among the tested variables in heterogeneous panel data are investigated by utilising the Dumitrescu and Hurlin test. The empirical outcomes validate the EKC hypothesis for the BRICS nations. Furthermore, the findings from the panel quantile estimations (M.M.Q.R.) showed that the coefficients for the consumption of renewable energy and financial inclusion are negative through all quantiles (1st to 9th quantiles) for the emissions of CO2. Thus, this suggests CO2 emission levels are reduced by financial inclusion and renewable energy. In addition, the current analysis indicates that the volume of renewable energy investment in overall energy improves due to economic enlargement in the BRICS economies. Hence, financial inclusion is a catalyst for growth while mitigating carbon emissions. Therefore, financial inclusion should be included in the climate change paradigm strategies of the BRICS countries. To reach sustainable economic growth, we conclude that policy-makers should improve incentives for inclusive green finance.
Payload based signature generation for DDoS attacks

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks present a serious threat to online organizations.These attacks can have a serious impact on organizations in terms of brand image and revenues. An efficient way to combat DDoS attacks is to store a signature for every attack. This way any attack can be detected as soon as this signature is found in traffic. However, the process is not that easy and this signature generation process is usually time and effort consuming. To help solve this signature generation problem, in this thesis, we propose an automatic methodology to generate payload based signatures for DDoS attacks. In doing so, this work sheds light on the different types of DDoS attacks and the techniques commonly used in performing DDoS attacks. It also inspects the relations between different payloads of the same attack. The research concludes by proposing a signature generation algorithm and validating it using practical tools.
Circulating MMP-12 as Potential Biomarker in Evaluating Disease Severity and Efficacy of Sublingual Immunotherapy in Allergic Rhinitis

Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly heterogeneous disease, and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment. This study aims to evaluate the circulating mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2) and matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) levels in evaluating disease severity and predicting efficacy of SLIT in AR patients. Methods We enrolled 110 moderate-severe persist AR patients (AR group) and 40 healthy controls (HC group). Circulating levels of MRGPRX2 and MMP-12 were measured, and their associations with disease severity were evaluated. All AR patients were assigned to receive sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), and the efficacy was evaluated, and serum samples were collected at 1 year and 3 years after treatment. The correlations between serum MRGPRX2 and MMP-12 and clinical efficacy were assessed. Results The serum concentrations of MRGPRX2 and MMP-12 were significantly higher in the AR group than the HC group, and the elevated MMP-12 levels were correlated with VAS and TNSS, and serum MRGPRX2 levels were correlated with VAS. Finally, 100 and 80 patients completed 1-year and 3-year follow-up and were classified into effective and ineffective groups. Serum MRGPRX2 and MMP-12 levels were lower in the effective group than the ineffective group. Although serum MRGPRX2 and MMP-12 levels did not significantly change after 1 year SLIT, serum MMP-12 levels were decreased 3 years post-SLIT than baseline and 1 year post-SLIT levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) showed that serum MMP-12 was a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of SLIT. Conclusion Serum MRGPRX2 and MMP-12 appeared to be promising biological indicators in reflecting disease severity in AR patients. Moreover, circulating MMP-12 might serve as a reliable predictor for clinical responsiveness of SLIT.
Smoke Induced Seed Germination in Maize in Response to Self and Other Plants Biomass-derived Smoke

Fire ecology plays an important roles in germination and establishment of many plant taxa. Smoke inducedgermination and seedling vigor are well documented in many wild, crop, and weedy species. Karrikins(KAR) substances in smoke are reported to be responsible for these effects. However, only a few experimentshave been conducted on different plant-derived smoke effects on particular plant speciesâ seeds. This studywas conducted to investigate effects of self-derived and other plants biomass-derived smoke on germinationand post-germination processes in maize and its wild relative teosinte. Smoke derived from maize and alegume (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) foliage burning was exposed to maize variety Guidan 162and teosinte (Zeamexicana (Schrad.) Kuntze). Germination percentage in both maize and teosinte exposedto maize smoke was found to be significantly higher than unexposed and legume smoke exposure, howevergermination in legume smoke exposure was found to slightly higher than control but not significantly so.Shoot length in maize seeds exposed to maize smoke was highest and differed significantly compared tocontrol and legume smoke exposure, while control and legume smoke exposure showed approximatelythe same shoot lengths. Coleoptile and primary root lengths showed nosignificant variation among alltreatments. Similarly, seminal root length didnât show much variation but legume smoke exposure seedsfound to have the lowest seminal root length. Hence direct exposure to smoke without rinsing in watermay not positively affect the shoot and root length in maize. Further studies should address morphologicaltraits, transcriptome expression, and enzyme activity to clarify effects of self-derived and other plant-derived smoke on different plant species.
Viral marketing branching processes

1 We consider the inherent timeline structure of the appearance of content in online social networks (OSNs) while studying content propagation. We model the propagation of a post/content of interest by an appropriate multi-type branching process. The branching process allows one to predict the emergence of global macro properties (e.g., the spread of a post in the network) from the laws and parameters that determine local interactions. The local interactions largely depend upon the timeline (an inverse stack capable of holding many posts and one dedicated to each user) structure and the number of friends (i.e., connections) of users, etc. We explore the use of multi-type branching processes to analyze the viral properties of the post, e.g., to derive the expected number of shares, the probability of virality of the content, etc. In OSNs, the new posts push down the existing contents in timelines, which can greatly inﬂuence content propagation; our analysis considers this inﬂuence. We ﬁnd that one leads to draw incorrect conclusions when the timeline (TL) structure is ignored: a) for instance, even less attractive posts are shown to get viral; b) ignoring TL structure also indicates erroneous growth rates. More importantly, one cannot capture some interesting paradigm shifts/phase transitions; for example, virality chances are not monotone with network activity parameter, as shown by analysis including TL inﬂuence. In the last part, we integrate the online auctions into our viral marketing model. We study the optimization problem considering real-time bidding. We again compared the study with and without considering the TL structure for varying activity levels of the network. We ﬁnd that the analysis without TL structure fails to capture the relevant phase transitions, thereby making the study incomplete.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Control for Non-Gaussian Wind Energy Conversion System by Using Survival Information Potential

In this paper, a wind energy conversion system is studied to improve the conversion efficiency and maximize power output. Firstly, a nonlinear state space model is established with respect to shaft current, turbine rotational speed and power output in the wind energy conversion system. As the wind velocity can be descried as a non-Gaussian variable on the system model, the survival information potential is adopted to measure the uncertainty of the stochastic tracking error between the actual wind turbine rotation speed and the reference one. Secondly, to minimize the stochastic tracking error, the control input is obtained by recursively optimizing the performance index function which is constructed with consideration of both survival information potential and control input constraints. To avoid those complex probability formulation, a data driven method is adopted in the process of calculating the survival information potential. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed maximum power point tracking control method. The results demonstrate that by following this method, the actual wind turbine rotation speed can track the reference speed with less time, less overshoot and higher precision, and thus the power output can still be guaranteed under the influence of non-Gaussian wind noises.
GUIDELINES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT Polish Society of Clinical Oncology and Polish Urological Association Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell cancer

1Department and Clinic of Oncology, Jagiellonian University — Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland 2Department and Clinic of Urology, Jagiellonian University — Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland 3Department of Imagine Studies — Independent Complex of Health Care Facilities at the University Hospital, Krakow, Poland 4Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, University Hospital, Krakow 5Department of Lungs and Thoracic Cancers, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland 6Department of Cancer of the Urinary System, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland 7Department of Radiotherapy for Children and Adults, University Children’s Hospital, Krakow, Poland 8Department of Oncology, Medical University, Poznan, Poland
Conceptual Description of the Key Attributes of Human Resource Management Practices in a Developing Economy

Human resource management practices are implemented to build an organisation supportive of cooperation and interaction, promote human and social development, and encourage career growth. There is evidence that studies have been conducted in diverse fields to identify the elements that contribute to the success or failure of the application of human resource management practices (HRMPs). However, the key attributes of HRMPs as critical factors for successful human resources (HR) performance and productivity are unknown in the Nigerian construction industry. Based on this, the paper reviewed the literature on existing conceptual models of HRMPs frameworks. Through the detailed review of the journal, conference papers, and academic thesis, fifteen (15) HRMPs attributes were identified. However, the top elements were determined by assessing the level of influence of the attributes on a five-point Likert scale through mean ranking. The top six (6) factors were training and development, recruitment and selection, performance appraisal, rewards, communication, and emotional intelligence. The study recommended that HR should acquire more knowledge beyond their current job to optimize performance. Most suitable applicants should be allowed to fill existing vacancies. There should be an evaluation of employees' performance that brings about rewards. Finally, workers' state of mind that balances their responses brings about a sound communication system. The developed model indicates the practical implications of the HRM system for the construction industry. Therefore, combining these factors enhances effective HR performance and productivity in the industry.
Parametric Study and Optimization of End-Milling Operation of AISI 1522H Steel Using Definitive Screening Design and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach

End-milling operation of steel grade material is a challenging task as it is hard-to-cut material. Proper selection of cutting tools, cutting conditions, and cutting process parameters is important to improve productivity, surface quality, and tool life. Therefore, the present study investigated the end-milling operation of AISI 1522H steel grade under minimum-quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions using a novel blend of vegetable oils, namely canola and olive oil. Cutting process parameters considered were spindle speed (s), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d), width of cut (w), and cutting conditions (c), while responses were average surface roughness (Ra), cutting forces (Fc), tool wear (TW), and material removal rate (MRR). Experimental runs were designed based on the definitive screening design (DSD) method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that feed rate significantly affects all considered responses. Nonlinear prediction models were developed for each response variable, and their validity was also verified. Finally, multi-response optimization was performed using the combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method coupled with criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC). The optimized parameters found were: s = 1200 rpm, f = 320 mm/min, d = 0.6 mm, w = 8 mm, and c = 100 mL/h. Further, it was compared with other existing multi-response optimization methods and induced good results.
Impact of Smoking Status in Combination Treatment with EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Anti-Angiogenic Agents in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring Susceptible EGFR Mutations: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who harbor susceptible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and are treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) show longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those treated with chemotherapy. However, developed EGFR-TKI resistance limits PFS improvements. Currently, combination treatment with EGFR-TKIs and anti-angiogenic agents is considered a beneficial regimen for advanced-stage NSCLC harboring susceptible EGFR mutations. However, several trials reported osimertinib plus bevacizumab failed to show superior efficacy over osimertinib alone. However, subgroup analysis showed significantly longer PFS among patients with a history of smoking over those who never smoked. We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the smoking status impact. At the end of the process, a total of 2068 patients from 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our meta-analysis. Overall, combination EGFR-TKI plus anti-angiogenic agent treatment showed significantly better PFS among patients with a smoking history (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48–0.73). Erlotinib-based combination therapy showed positive PFS benefits regardless of smoking status (HR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.41–0.71 for ever smoker, HR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.54–0.87 for never smoker). Combination therapy prolonged PFS significantly regardless of ethnicity (HR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44–0.93 for Asian RCTs, HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.41–0.74 for global and non-Asian RCTs). PROSPERO registration number is CRD42022304198).
A Comparison of Three Research Methods: Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest to Reveal Association of Type 2 Diabetes with Risk Factors and Classify Subjects in a Military Population

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major non-communicable diseases, causing morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is no study on T2DM status in Iran Army Forces. Objectives: We aimed to measure the prevalence of T2DM in this population and identify variables associated with T2DM risk in order to classify individuals. Methods: Data from 3661 Iran Army Ground Forces were employed. Characteristics of the subjects with and without T2DM were compared. We examined the classification ability of logistic regression with two tree-based supervised learning algorithms, decision tree and random forest (RF). The ethical committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences approved this study by the approval code 995685. Results: The prevalence of T2DM was 3% less than in the general population. Our results showed that the incidence of T2DM increases as subjects become older. The proportions of staff members with T2DM were more than the other military ranks. T2DM is more common in obese and overweight groups. The highest prevalence of T2DM is in the subjects with high levels of lipid profile. The areas below the receiver operating characteristic curve for logistic regression, decision tree, and RF were 73.8%, 77.1%, and 97.1%, respectively. Conclusions: Age, body mass index, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride are associated with T2DM risk. The RF has superior classification performance in comparison with logistic regression and decision tree.
Microbial Richness of Marine Biofilms Revealed by Sequencing Full-Length 16S rRNA Genes

Marine biofilms are a collective of microbes that can grow on many different surfaces immersed in marine environments. Estimating the microbial richness and specificity of a marine biofilm community is a challenging task due to the high complexity in comparison with seawater. Here, we compared the resolution of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique of a PacBio platform for microbe identification in marine biofilms with the results of partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of traditional Illumina PE250 platform. At the same time, the microbial richness, diversity, and composition of adjacent seawater communities in the same batch of samples were analyzed. Both techniques revealed higher species richness, as reflected by the Chao1 index, in the biofilms than that in the seawater communities. Moreover, compared with Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing detected more specific species for biofilms and less specific species for seawater. Members of Vibrio, Arcobacter, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, and Thalassomonas were significantly enriched in the biofilms, which is consistent with the previous understanding of species adapted to a surface-associated lifestyle and validates the taxonomic analyses in the current study. To conclude, the full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has probably a stronger ability to analyze more complex microbial communities, such as marine biofilms, the species richness of which has probably been under-estimated in previous studies.
Impact of Social Media on Undergraduate Orthopaedics and Traumatology Education in Sudan

Background: The use of social media (SM) in health profession education has been shown to be beneficial for the promotion of student collaboration and enhancement of learning. However, this is an evolving area where comparative studies are lacking, and further research is needed to determine the best ways to use SM in medical schools and identify the outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to consider SM application-based discussion groups as a method of using SM in medical education to assess the effect on students’ examination grades and students’ attitudes toward it. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 182 fourth-year medical students taking the orthopedics and traumatology course were divided into two groups. In the study group (n = 78), SM-based discussion was adopted as a supplementary learning tool. No additional teaching methods were used in the control group (n = 104). The final grades of the students from the two groups were analyzed, together with the data collected from an online questionnaire completed by the students in the study group. Results: There was no statistically significant effect of using online discussions on the improvement of examination grades. However, 89.87% of the students felt that SM-based discussions motivated them to learn and enhanced their learning; nevertheless, 77.01% of the students believed that it is easier to ask questions in the forum than during outpatient clinics and clinical rounds, and lectures. The rates of students who agreed that this method was a helpful feedback and revision tool were 83.55% and 91.65%, respectively. Conclusions: WhatsApp and Telegram discussion groups represent a promising way to utilize SM in medical education as they promote students’ connection and learning. The SM applications could also provide valuable feedback and are regarded as revision tools. Nevertheless, there was no significant association between the implementation of this academic activity and better examination grades.