Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recovering permanent displacements from seismic records of the June 9, 1994 Bolivia deep earthquake

Ground displacements of the 1994 deep Bolivia earthquake are recovered from six on‐scale velocity records of a temporary array located ∼600 km south of the epicenter. I first removed the instrument (STS‐2) response using a time‐domain deconvolution. To correct for baseline drift in the deconvolutions, I used two separate windows of the trace, one before and one after the transient motion from the earthquake, and fit them simultaneously with a 4th‐order polynomial. The amount of permanent displacement is included in the post‐transient signal window and is determined together with the polynomial coefficients by a least‐squares inversion. The polynomial is then subtracted from the displacement to remove the drift. I found that this technique produces robust displacement waveforms, as demonstrated by similar results at all stations. The obtained vertical permanent subsidences range from 5.5 to 6.4 mm, which agree well with predictions by using normal mode summation.
Wilderness Zoning: Applying an Adapted Biosphere Reserve Model to Wilderness Areas

America’s wilderness areas represent pristine examples of untrammeled nature, invaluable biodiversity, and traditions of primitive outdoor recreation. These resources are vulnerable to mounting pressures, and as the human population continues to grow, anthropogenic impacts on wilderness areas continue to increase. Population growth, technology, and global climate change threaten to degrade wilderness quality. Traditional approaches to wilderness management, with their single directive approach, may be insufficient to protect against these threats (Carver, Tricker, & Landers, 2013; Cole & Hahn, 2006; Cole & Landres, 1996). This paper offers a new approach to wilderness management based on the management of biosphere reserves. Research suggests zoned management may protect wilderness from degradation. Wilderness managers may consider applying this flexible zoning system, designating Core Zones, Scientific Research Zones, Cultural/Historical Zones, Recreation Zones, and Buffer Zones. A wilderness zoning policy could effectively protect wilderness from the challenges of anthropogenic change (Haas, Driver, Brown & Lucas, 1987).
Sellar hematoma as a new potential radiological clue for superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm rupture

Background. In cases of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) with multiple intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) detected on angiography, some radiological clues assist in determining the site of a ruptured aneurysm which is bleeding is quite beneficial for the selection of the best treatment strategy. Case description. We report a case of a 60 years old patient who presented with spontaneous SAH, sellar hematoma, and three different aneurysms detected in angiography. Although the right Posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms showed Murphy’s teat on angiography intraoperatively, we discovered that the right superior hypophyseal aneurysm (SHA) was the source of the index bleeding. Both aneurysms were clipped successfully. Conclusion. From the preoperative radiological and intraoperative surgical findings, we propose that sellar hematoma on a non-contrast CT scan is a new potential sign to be correlated with superior hypophyseal artery aneurysm rupture.
Spatio-temporal modelling of wildfires in Catalonia, Spain, 1994-2008, through log gaussian cox processes

Forest fire management is not only an emergency task, the preventive task could be even more important, being better to avoid the risk of a forest fire ignition before it starts or minimize its hazard, rather than later trying to extinguish it. If we associate wildfires with their spatial coordinates, along with other variables, it is possible to identify them by means of a spatio-temporal stochastic process. Spatio-temporal clustering of wildfires could indicate the presence of risk factors. In fact, what is usually of interest is to assess their dependence on covariates. Two were the objectives in this paper. Firstly, to evaluate how the extent of clustering in wildfires differs across marks. Secondly, to analyze the influence of covariates on trends in the intensity of wildfire locations. We analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns produced by wildfire incidences in Catalonia, located in the north-east of the Iberian Peninsula. The total number of fires recorded in the studied area, during the period 1994–2008, was 10,783. In addition to the locations of the fire centroids, several marks and spatial covariates were considered. We specified spatio-temporal log-Gaussian Cox Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Forest Fires III 39 www.witpress. com, ISSN 1743-3541 (on-line) WIT Transactions on Ecology and The Environment, Vol 158, © 201 WIT Press 2 doi:10.2495/FIVA1200 1 4 process models. Models were estimated using Bayesian inference for Gaussian Markov Random Field (GMRF) through the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) algorithm. The results allow us to quantify and assess possible spatial relationships between the distribution of risk of ignition and possible explanatory factors. We believe the methods shown in the paper may contribute to the prevention and management of wildfires, which are not random in space or time.
Breaking Barriers and Bridging Gaps: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Kidney Transplant Care for Black and Hispanic Patients in the United States

Kidney transplantation offers better mortality and quality of life outcomes to patients with end-stage renal failure compared to dialysis. Specifically, living donor kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease, since it offers the greatest survival benefit compared to deceased donor kidney transplant or dialysis. However, not all patients from all racial/ethnic backgrounds enjoy these benefits. While black and Hispanic patients bear the predominant disease burden within the United States, they represent less than half of all kidney transplants in the country. Other factors such as cultural barriers that proliferate myths about transplant, financial costs that impede altruistic donation, and even biological predispositions create a complex maze and can also perpetuate care inaccessibility. Therefore, blanket efforts to increase the overall donation pool may not extend access to vulnerable populations, who may require more targeted attention and interventions. This review uses US kidney transplantation data to substantiate accessibility differences amongst racial minorities as well as provides examples of successful institutional and national systemic level changes that have improved transplantation outcomes for all.
Transport and biodegradation of solutes in stratified aquifers under enhanced in situ bioremediation conditions

Understanding the effect of the heterogeneous subsurface environment upon fate and transport of biologically reactive solutes is necessary for effective field application of in situ bioremediation. We consider a scenario in which an electron acceptor is continuously input into an aquifer having initial uniform concentrations of an adsorbed pollutant and immobile microorganisms. Biodegradation is governed by dual Monod kinetics, and the aquifer is assumed to have vertical stratification of pore water velocity and retardation factor. We characterize solute transport behavior with a theoretical approach and derive a simple expression for the long‐term pollutant biodegradation rate. Our theoretical approach is based upon the observation that the balanced interactions between the biodegradation and mixing processes cause the solute and biomass concentration profiles to form traveling waves after a long elapsed time. The theoretical results indicate that the effective macrodispersion coefficients for the depth‐averaged solute fronts decrease to zero at large times and that the long‐term biodegradation rate is independent of longitudinal and transverse dispersion, the vertical variations of flow velocity and retardation factor, microbial growth kinetics, and initial biomass concentration. Numerical simulations verify the appearance of such asymptotic transport and biodegradation properties at large times but show that there is an early transient period which depends upon all these parameters and conditions. Our results demonstrate that transverse dispersion is the important process controlling the establishment of the asymptotic transport and biodegradation properties.
Hurricane driven changes in land cover create biogeophysical climate feedbacks

Hurricanes can devastate thousands of hectares of forested area producing changes beyond simply vegetation damage and biomass loss. This study reports changes in regional climate associated with Hurricane Rita which made landfall on the Gulf Coastal Plain on September 24th, 2005. Results demonstrate that over severely disturbed forested areas, biogeophysical effects produced by Rita created anomalous precipitation patterns, with a decrease in precipitation the following winter, and an increase during the subsequent summer season. The dominant biogeophysical effect was a change in albedo caused by ∼14,000 km2 of disturbed forested area (downed and dead, snapped and structurally damaged trees) from Rita, equivalent to a committed carbon release of 32 to 43% of the net annual U.S. sink in forest trees. As recent studies project a likely increase in hurricane intensity during the 21st century, understanding the potential impact of forest damage from hurricanes on regional climate is important.
SDN-Based Multicast Traffic Engineering for Radio Telescope Data Networks

Modern radio telescopes utilize IP multicast in their data networks because multicasting offers enhanced flexibility. Telescope data networks carry high volumes of real-time data and need to support network reconfigurability. Hence, they stand to gain from optimized traffic management. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) simplifies and adds dynamism to multicast routing. We reference the MeerKAT radio telescope data network and investigate methods to route the multicast streams in an SDN context. Such route planning is influenced by the telescope control system along with architectural and dynamic (e.g., link or device failure) properties of the network. This letter shows that SDN is a practical option for radio telescope data networks and that the system is flexible, easy to understand, and scalable. Additionally, we present two basic algorithms which can serve as foundational templates for more tailored solutions.
A small persistent locked area associated with the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, deduced from GPS data

[1] Co-seismic fault slip distributions of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and inter-seismic couplings prior to the earthquake were estimated from surface 3-dimensional displacements measured by the GPS Earth Observation Network (GEONET). The deduced co-seismic slip was up to 30 m near the epicenter, and greater than 5 m in a 400 × 200-km region extending along the Japan Trench. The moment magnitude of the slip was estimated to beMw9.0. The area of co-seismic slip greater than 10 m overlaps with four previously known M7-class asperities. We researched inter-plate coupling on the fault for 15 years prior to the earthquake using daily GPS data. We determined that the plate boundary was locked during at least the last 15 years in a limited area of a few 10 s of km, approximately coinciding with the maximum co-seismic slip area, suggesting that this small area had been persistently locked and that the rupture of this last patch played an important role to cause the mega-thrust earthquake. The low seismic-coupling which is ratio of seismic slip to slip deficit accumulation of M7-class earthquakes in this area, which were reported by a study using seismic wave analysis over the past 80 years, can be explained by the influence of this locked area which may have dragged the hanging wall and suppressed the effective slip deficit in surrounding area.
Impact of anesthetic factors on prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgery

Background Nowadays, the influence of anesthesia management on the prognosis of cancer patients has been widely concerned. The goal of this study is to assess the association between anesthetic factors and the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery. Methods Patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2009 were selected. Cox proportional hazards model and Logistic regression analysis model were used to screen the independent predictors of prognosis of patients. The primary endpoint was postoperative overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was postoperative recurrence-free survival (RFS) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Results A total of 588 patients were included into the final analysis. The overall RFS was 4.4 [interquartile range (IQR), 1.1–10.1] years, and the OS was 6.2 (IQR, 2.4–10.2) years. Age ≥60 years, advanced tumor stage, and maximal tumor size >3 cm were associated with shortened survival, whereas high BMI grade, mediastinal lymph node dissection, perioperative fentanyl equivalents >28.2 µg/kg, and high tumor grade were associated with prolonged survival (P<0.05); perioperative glucocorticoid administration delayed recurrence (P<0.05); advanced tumor stage and perioperative fentanyl equivalents >28.2 µg/kg were associated with an increased PPCs risk (P<0.05). Conclusions The findings from this study revealed that perioperative anesthetic factors may impact the prognosis of patients with NSCLC after surgery. Perioperative opioid and glucocorticoid exposure were independent predictors for outcomes. However, perioperative fentanyl equivalents over 28.2 µg/kg seemed to be beneficial to OS, but contribute to the occurrence of PPCs.
Archie's m for Permeability

The permeability of a rock may be given by k = const. /phi/ /SUP m/ where /phi/, m, and are the porosity, Archie's ''m'', and the average pore throat radius squared of the rock. Or using a capillary pressure curve, we may write k = const. S /SUP m/ /p/sup 2/f(G) where (S,p,G) are either Thomeer or Swanson parameters.
Using GIS to Plan Specialty Health Services for Veterans: The Example of Acute Stroke Care

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) manages the largest healthcare system under a single management structure in the United States. Providing access to high quality healthcare to the VA’s nearly 9 million enrollees is a mission priority for the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the arm of the VA that oversees all medical facilities and operations. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools enable analysts to construct data-driven recommendations to policy makers for providing the best and most timely healthcare to those individuals who have honorably served their country. This paper illustrates how GIS is being used by the VHA and provides the example of acute stroke care access for Veterans in one Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) within the VHA.
Artificial Intelligence Approach in Biomechanics of Gait and Sport: A Systematic Literature Review

Background: Artificial neural network helps humans in a wide range of activities, such as sports. Objective: This paper aims to investigate the effect of artificial intelligence on decision-making related to human gait and sports biomechanics, using computer-based software, and to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence on individuals’ biomechanics during gait and sports performance. Material and Methods: This review was conducted in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. Abstracts and citations were identified through a search based on Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Springer Link, Web of Science, and Scopus search engines from 1995 up to 2023 to obtain relevant literature about the impact of artificial intelligence on biomechanics. A total of 1000 articles were found related to biomechanical characteristics of gait and sport and 26 articles were directly pertinent to the subject. Results: The extent of the application of artificial intelligence in sports biomechanics in various fields. In addition, various variables in the fields of kinematics, kinetics, and the field of time can be investigated based on artificial intelligence. Conventional computational techniques are limited by the inability to process data in its raw form. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques can handle complex and high-dimensional data. Conclusion: The utilization of specialized systems and neural networks in gait analysis has shown great potential in sports performance analysis. Integrating AI into this field would be a significant advancement in sport biomechanics. Coaches and athletes can develop more precise training regimens with specialized performance prediction models.
Positive Effect of Green Photo-Selective Filter on Graft Union Formation in Tomatoes

This study investigated the effects of green and red photo-selective filters (shade nets) on the process of graft union formation (healing and acclimation) in grafted tomato plants. The research evaluated oxidative stress, physiological characteristics, and anatomical development of graft unions. Plants were subjected to green-netting, red-netting, and no-netting treatments for 28 days, starting 4 days after grafting. Markers of oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as protein concentration of SOD/POD enzyme-enriched extracts, were quantified. The anatomical development of the graft unions was examined using microscopy. The results demonstrated that the red and green photo-selective filters increased ROS production by 5% and 4% after 3 days of exposure, by 58% and 14% after 7 days, and by 30% and 13% after 14 days in comparison to the control treatment. The increase in ROS activates the defense mechanism, enhancing the activity of SOD and POD enzymes. In terms of anatomy, the green netting resulted in enhanced cell proliferation and early differentiation of vascular tissue cells. Notably, at the 28-day mark, when the plants were ready for transplanting, the green-net treatment showed a reduction in lipid peroxidation damage and increases of 20% and 54% in dry weight compared with the control and red-net treatments, respectively. Finally, our results suggest that the use of a green photo-selective filter has a positive effect on oxidative stress, anatomical development, and overall growth of grafted tomato plants during the process of graft union formation.
Bifurcation analysis of commensalism intraction and harvisting on food chain model

In this paper, we study the incorporation of the commensalism interaction and harvesting on the Lotka–Volterra food chain model. The system provides one commensal prey, one harvested prey, and two predators. A set of preliminary results in local bifurcation analysis around each equilibrium point for the proposed model is discussed, such as saddle-node, transcritical and pitchfork. Some numerical analysis to confirm the accruing of local bifurcation is illustrated. To back up the conclusions of the mathematical study, a numerical simulation of the model is carried out with the help of the MATLAB program. It can be concluded that the system's coexistence can be achieved as long as the harvesting rate on the second prey population is lower than its intrinsic growth rate. Further, the role of mutual interaction can lead to the stability of the proposed system.
MEASURING SPACE-RELATED EMOTIONS Potential usage of modern technologies in the emotional appraisal of spaces

: The main motivation of this research is to bridge the gap between modern neurological technologies and architecture, mainly on the topic of emotional and psychological response detection. This research conducts a revision of topics such as human perception, visual perception, space-generated emotions, psychological impact, and human emotions, beside a revision of modern technologies currently being implemented in the medicinal field with the purpose of emotion detection such as electroencephalography EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI from an architectural practice perspective. Moreover, this research (a) suggested characteristics that are thought to be of great importance if included in any emotion’s evaluation tool that is meant to be used in architectural practice, (b) evaluated reviewed technologies based on the suggested characteristics in order to determine the most suitable available technology, and (c) suggested futuristic actions to be taken into consideration by technologies’ manufacturers and developers to finally deliver a version of the technology that fulfills architectural practice demands, particularly in detecting emotional responses generated by spaces.
Impact of assimilating bottom pressure anomalies from GRACE on ocean circulation estimates

[1] The impact of assimilating global ocean bottom pressure (OBP) information from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) gravity anomalies on the circulation estimate was investigated. For this an estimate of the ocean circulation is being inferred by extending the 50-year-long German part of the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (GECCO) ocean synthesis into recent years. The assimilation system is an improved version of the previous GECCO optimization, which now includes a sea ice model, has enhanced resolution on a truly global domain including the Arctic Ocean. By analyzing differences to a synthesis that additionally assimilated OBP, the GRACE data was found to provide complementary information to standard ocean data sets including satellite altimetry when assimilated. Although in principle standard ocean data sets include the OBP information, the reason why this cannot be extracted is the much larger prior errors for hydrographic and altimeter data in comparison to OBP data owing to the fact that only the former two need to include the unresolved eddy signal. The largest impact of gravity data is found to be on the barotropic circulation, particularly in the subtropical gyres and the polar latitudes. Remaining differences between the simulated and observed OBP information are associated with meridional stripes in the GRACE gravity maps and with the leakage of terrestrial hydrological information into the ocean. Additional differences close to the continental boundaries are related to the self-attraction and loading, processes that are not included in the models.
Comprehensive Sexuality Education or Abstinence-Only Education: Which Is More Effective?.

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in effectiveness between comprehensive sexuality abstinence-based education and abstinence-only education. A survey was developed and distributed to over 140 individuals via a variety of sources such as a) the researcher’s e-mail lists, b) a group of City Core/City Year volunteers, c) a nightclub frequented by young adults, d) patients enrolled at Test Positive Awareness Network (TPAN), an agency that provides HIV/AIDS counseling, testing and referral services to a north shore community in Chicago Illinois, and e) co-workers’ adult children. One hundred-four participants met at least three to four of the criteria which included: a) age range between 18 and 30 years, b) be at least a high school graduate, c) have participated in either an abstinence-only or comprehensive sexuality education program, and d) have an active e-mail address. Comprehensive sexuality education appeared to be more effective than abstinence-only sexuality education. It was recommended that this study be conducted on a larger scale using a larger sample. In addition, it may be worthwhile to examine program effectiveness through those who have participated in both abstinence-only sexuality education and comprehensive sexuality education for a better comparison.