Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating the interaction of pleasantness and arousal and the role of aesthetic emotions on episodic memory using a musical what-where-when paradigm

ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that the presence of music experienced as pleasant positively influences episodic memory (EM) encoding. However, it is unclear whether this impact of pleasant music holds regardless of how arousing the music is, and what influence, if any, music-induced aesthetic emotions have. Furthermore, most music EM studies have used verbal or facial memory tasks limiting the generalisability of these findings to everyday EMs with spatiotemporal richness. The current study used an online what-where-when paradigm to assess music's influence on EM encoding in a rich spatiotemporal environment. 105 participants carried out the what-where-when task in the presence of either silence or one of four musical stimuli falling into the four corners of the 2-D circumplex emotion model. We observed an interaction effect between the pleasantness and arousingness of music stimuli, whereby for pleasant stimuli, the low arousing excerpt was associated with better recall performance compared to the high arousing excerpt. We also observed that, across all excerpts, experience of negative aesthetic emotions was associated with compromised recall performance. Together, our results confirm the deleterious influence arousing stimuli can have on memory and support the notion that aesthetic-emotional experience of music can influence how memories are encoded in everyday life.
The Effectiveness of an eHealth Family-Based Intervention Program in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Community Via WeChat: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Intervention based on family support and risk perception can enhance type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients’ self-care activities. In addition, eHealth education is considered to improve family members’ support for patients with T2DM. However, there is little evidence from rigorously designed studies on the effectiveness of an intervention combining these approaches. Objective This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth family-based health education intervention for patients with T2DM to improve their glucose control, risk perception, and self-care behaviors. Methods This single-center, 2-parallel-group RCT was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Overall, 228 patients were recruited from Jiading District, Shanghai, and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received an eHealth family intervention based on community management via WeChat, whereas the control group received usual care. The primary outcome was the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level of the patients with T2DM, and the secondary outcomes were self-management behavior (general and specific diet, exercise, blood sugar testing, foot care, and smoking), risk perception (risk knowledge, personal control, worry, optimism bias, and personal risk), and family support (supportive and nonsupportive behaviors). A 2-tailed paired-sample t test was used to compare the participants at baseline and follow-up within the control and intervention groups. An analysis of covariance was used to measure the intervention effect. Results In total, 225 patients with T2DM were followed up for 1 year. After intervention, they had significantly lower HbA1c values (β=–.69, 95% CI –0.99 to –0.39; P<.001). They also had improved general diet (β=.60, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.00; P=.003), special diet (β=.71, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.09; P<.001), blood sugar testing (β=.50, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.98; P=.04), foot care (β=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.42; P<.001), risk knowledge (β=.89, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.24; P<.001), personal control (β=.22, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.32; P<.001), worry (β=.24, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.39; P=.001), optimism bias (β=.26, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.43; P=.003), and supportive behaviors (β=5.52, 95% CI 4.03 to 7.01; P<.001). Conclusions The eHealth family-based intervention improved glucose control and self-care activities among patients with T2DM by aiding the implementation of interventions to improve T2DM risk perceptions among family members. The intervention is generalizable for patients with T2DM using health management systems in community health centers. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900020736; https://www.chictr. org.cn/showprojen.aspx? proj=31214
Cigar-shaped ferrite nanocrystals: Orientation of the easy magnetic axes

Mesoscopic structures made of cigar-shaped γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals with an average length of 325 nm and aspect ratio of 7 are described. The structures were prepared starting from an aqueous solution to which a magnetic field parallel to the substrate could be applied during the evaporation process. If a magnetic field was applied, the nanocrystals rotated their long axis along the magnetic field direction to form ribbons, whereas without a field the nanocrystals remained deposited on the substrate with a random orientation. The orientation of the nanocrystals is responsible for the anisotropy of the ribbons as evidenced by the hysteresis loops.
Mean Field Modeling of FeII Spin Crossover Systems in a Magnetic Field

The modeling of Spin Crossover systems with a special focus on molecular vibrations and on the effect of a magnetic field is developed and discussed. Two different theoretical models are applied, namely: a thermodynamic model and an Ising like model including molecular vibrations. A combination two already existing Ising like models - one including the effect of an external magnetic field and the other taking molecular vibrations into account - is outlined and discussed. In all calculations a field dependency of the Spin Crossover transition temperature 1/ 2 T is evident. An
Lack of sex and estrous stage effects on compulsive behavior assessed using a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure in rats

Preclinical behavior models used for screening pharmacological treatments for mental disorders have generally used only male research subjects, and for studies that have included female subjects, few have utilized sex as a study variable. In fact, many mental disorders vary by prevalence and symptomatology between sexes, creating a need to evaluate established subject models for sex differences. Compulsive behavior is a feature shared across many mental disorders and effective treatments have been examined pre-clinically using the schedule-induced polydipsia procedure in rats. Drugs effective for reducing polydipsia include psychostimulants, such as d-amphetamine. Virtually no studies have examined sex differences using this procedure. For the present study, male and female rats were examined in the schedule-induced polydipsia paradigm. Rats were food-restricted and trained on a fixed-interval food reinforcement schedule and given free access to water during experimental sessions. Estrous stages were assessed during training and test sessions. The psychostimulant d-amphetamine was also tested once stable water consumption occurred. Excessive water intake developed over the course of training. Females required significantly more sessions to reach a stable level of drinking. Treatment with d-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg, but not 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced drinking in both male and female rats. No sex differences were observed across other study variables including comparisons between diestrus and proestrus stages. Overall, these findings suggest that schedule-induced polydipsia procedures that employ similar methods can produce results generalizable across male and female subjects.
Regularization Methods for Fitting Linear Models with Small Sample Sizes: Fitting the Lasso Estimator Using R.

Researchers and data analysts are sometimes faced with the problem of very small samples, where the number of variables approaches or exceeds the overall sample size; i.e. high dimensional data. In such cases, standard statistical models such as regression or analysis of variance cannot be used, either because the resulting parameter estimates exhibit very high variance and can therefore not be trusted, or because the statistical algorithm cannot converge on parameter estimates at all. There exist an alternative set of model estimation procedures, known collectively as regularization methods, which can be used in such circumstances, and which have been shown through simulation research to yield accurate parameter estimates. The purpose of this paper is to describe, for those unfamiliar with them, the most popular of these regularization methods, the lasso, and to demonstrate its use on an actual high dimensional dataset involving adults with autism, using the R software language. Results of analyses involving relating measures of executive functioning with a full scale intelligence test score are presented, and implications of using these models are discussed.
Non-rigid registration of medical images based on ordinal feature and manifold learning

With the rapid development of medical imaging technology, medical image research and application has become a research hotspot. This paper offers a solution to non-rigid registration of medical images based on ordinal feature (OF) and manifold learning. The structural features of medical images are extracted by combining ordinal features with local linear embedding (LLE) to improve the precision and speed of the registration algorithm. A physical model based on manifold learning and optimization search is constructed according to the complicated characteristics of non-rigid registration. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the proposed registration scheme.
G-mode magnetic force microscopy: Separating magnetic and electrostatic interactions using big data analytics

In this work, we develop a full information capture approach for Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM), referred to as generalized mode (G-Mode) MFM. G-Mode MFM acquires and stores the full data stream from the photodetector, captured at sampling rates approaching the intrinsic photodiode limit. The data can be subsequently compressed, denoised, and analyzed, without information loss. Here, G-Mode MFM is implemented and compared to the traditional heterodyne-based MFM on model systems, including domain structures in ferromagnetic Yttrium Iron Garnet and the electronically and magnetically inhomogeneous high entropy alloy, CoFeMnNiSn. We investigate the use of information theory to mine the G-Mode MFM data and demonstrate its usefulness for extracting information which may be hidden in traditional MFM modes, including signatures of nonlinearities and mode-coupling phenomena. Finally, we demonstrate detection and separation of magnetic and electrostatic tip-sample interactions from a single G-Mode image, by analy.
Developing a Family Resource: Considerations for Family Member Research Participation

When individuals participate in health care research, the choice often affects the entire family. Researchers are responsible for protecting participants and minimizing any burdens the research may place on them. Resources to educate potential study participants about these issues from a family perspective are lacking. A family-focused, evidence-based resource was created for individuals and families to prompt discussion prior to their consenting to enrollment in research. The resource includes key relevant questions to consider related to their study participation and was revised based on input from family nurse scientists and a hospital-based family advisory group. This resource raises awareness of the importance of employing a family lens when designing research and during the recruitment and enrollment of participants. Adopting a family lens in health care research will support the participant’s ability to make an informed choice regarding participation and may ultimately enhance the experience of participants and their families and study outcomes.
Highly efficient Yb-free Er-La-Al doped ultra-low Na large mode area single-trench fiber laser

We demonstrate a 60μm core diameter single-trench Yb free Er-La-Al doped fiber having 0.038 ultra-low-NA, using conventional MCVD process in conjunction with solution doping process. Numerical simulations ensure an effective single mode, the effective area varies from 1,820μm2 to 1,960μm2 for different thicknesses of trenches and resonant rings. This fiber has been fabricated with conventional fabrication process, which can dramatically reduce the fabrication cost, hence suitable for mass production. Moreover, all solid structure ensures easy cleaving and splicing. Experimental measurements demonstrate a robust effective single mode operation. Furthermore, this fiber in 4%-4% laser cavity shows a record efficiency of 46% with respect to absorbed power.
Effect of avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 on the expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes

ABSTRACT 1. The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus can infect both chickens and humans. Previous studies have reported a role for erythrocytes in immunity. However, the role of H9N2 against chicken erythrocytes and the presence of complement-related genes in erythrocytes has not been studied. This research investigated the effect of H9N2 on complement-associated gene expression in chicken erythrocytes. 2. The expression of complement-associated genes (C1s, C1q, C2, C3, C3ar1, C4, C4a, C5, C5ar1, C7, CD93 and CFD) was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyse the differential expression of complement-associated genes in chicken erythrocytes at 0 h, 2 h, 6 h and 10 h after the interaction between H9N2 virus and chicken erythrocytes in vitro and 3, 7 and 14 d after H9N2 virus nasal infection of chicks. 3. Expression levels of C1q, C4, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C7 and CD93 were significantly up-regulated at 2 h and significantly down-regulated at 10 h. Gene expression levels of C1q, C3ar1, C4a, CFD and C5ar1 were seen to be different at each time point. The expression levels of C1q, C4, C1s, C2, C3, C5, C7, CFD, C3ar1, C4a and C5ar1 were significantly up-regulated at 7 d and the gene expression of levels of C3, CD93 and C5ar1 were seen to be different at each time point. 4. The results confirmed that all the complement-associated genes were expressed in chicken erythrocytes and showed the H9N2 virus interaction with chicken erythrocytes and subsequent regulation of chicken erythrocyte complement-associated genes expression. This study reported, for the first time, the relationship between H9N2 and complement system of chicken erythrocytes, which will provide a foundation for further research into the prevention and control of H9N2 infection.
The molecular grammar of protein disorder guiding genome-binding locations

Abstract Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) direct transcription factors (TFs) towards selected genomic occurrences of their binding motif, as exemplified by budding yeast's Msn2. However, the sequence basis of IDR-directed TF binding selectivity remains unknown. To reveal this sequence grammar, we analyze the genomic localizations of >100 designed IDR mutants, each carrying up to 122 mutations within this 567-AA region. Our data points at multivalent interactions, carried by hydrophobic—mostly aliphatic—residues dispersed within a disordered environment and independent of linear sequence motifs, as the key determinants of Msn2 genomic localization. The implications of our results for the mechanistic basis of IDR-based TF binding preferences are discussed.
Can thiamine substitution restore cognitive function in alcohol use disorder?

Abstract Aims While clinical consequences of thiamine deficiency in alcohol use disorder (AUD) are severe, evidence-based recommendations on dosage, type of administration and duration of thiamine substitution (TS), and its’ target levels remain sparse. This study aimed to compare the effect of two best practice TS regimens on thiamine blood levels (i.e. thiamine pyrophosphate, TPP) and cognitive function. Methods In 50 patients undergoing in-patient alcohol-withdrawal treatment, TPP levels were determined at baseline and end of weeks 1, 2 and 8 following administration of oral TS (3 × 100 mg/day for 7 days followed by 1 × 100 mg/day thereafter) either with or without preceding intravenous TS (3 × 100 mg/day for 5 days). An extensive psychiatric assessment was conducted at baseline, including an evaluation of AUD severity and depressive symptoms. Additionally, cognitive function and depressive symptoms were repeatedly evaluated. Results Relevant increases (mean increase by 100.2 nmol/l [CI 76.5–123.8], P < 0.001) in peripheral blood TPP levels were observed in all patients at the end of weeks 1 and 2. Furthermore, no relevant difference between the intravenous and the oral group was found (average difference between increases: 2.3 nmol/l, P = 0.912). Importantly, an association between the ‘extent of the response’ to TS and the performance in a memory task was revealed in secondary analyses. Conclusion TS was associated with improving cognitive function in patients with AUD, independently of the substitution regime. Thus, in clinical practice, oral TS might be a sufficient but obligatory medication to prevent cognitive decline in AUD in the absence of Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome.
Developing a Virtual Reality Educational Tool to Stimulate Emotions for Learning: Focus Group Study

Background By watching 360° videos in virtual reality headsets, students may experience being immersed in the portrayed situation. There is a paucity of empirical studies on the application of immersive 360° videos watched in virtual reality headsets for students in health care and social work education and the pedagogical theory guiding the development of such educational tools. This led to our interest in exploring how a virtual reality educational tool involving 360° videos can stimulate emotions and how this can be used as a pedagogical tool in these educational programs. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of faculty members and students regarding a prototype 360° video watched in virtual reality headsets during the development phase of an educational project. We addressed the following research questions: How does the virtual reality prototype stimulate emotions? How can virtual reality be used in higher education for health care and social work students? Methods We used a qualitative design and collected data through focus group interviews with project participants. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Our analysis identified 2 main themes in participants’ experiences with the virtual reality prototype. The first theme highlights that when participants experienced watching the 360° video in a virtual reality headset, it stimulated their emotions as an authentic professional experience would. The second theme, contextualization of virtual reality, highlights participants’ perceptions of how the virtual reality experience should be incorporated into a safe educational context. Conclusions Our findings suggest that 360° videos with human actors who use eye contact with the camera can trigger emotions in the viewer and therefore serve as a pedagogic tool that can create authentic professional experiences for students. The participants expressed the view that the virtual reality educational tool could be used to prepare students for real-life practice in health care and social work. However, they underlined that 360° videos in virtual reality need to be contextualized in educational programs to create a safe environment for learning and to ensure follow-up on the emotions such experiences can trigger in students. Our results highlight the perceived importance of allowing students to reflect on the virtual reality experience in a safe setting and of follow-up by faculty members. In-person follow-up with students can be resource intensive for programs with large numbers of students and makes it challenging to offer repeated training, something that has been identified as one of the benefits of virtual reality.
A review and analysis of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in New Zealand

Abstract Abstract Cryptosporidium is a leading global cause of diarrhoea with many reported outbreaks related to water and zoonotic transmission. This study summarizes data from Public Health Surveillance reports since 2010 in New Zealand to describe exposures associated with human diarrhoea outbreaks caused by Cryptosporidium. We investigate the species and subtypes of cases involved in some of the outbreaks to elucidate transmission routes and the predominant aetiological agents of cryptosporidiosis. For the period 2010–2017, 318 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks were reported in New Zealand resulting in 1634 cases and 20 hospitalizations. The most important mode of transmission was person-to-person (primary infections and secondary or close contacts infections), relating to 260 outbreaks and 1320 cases, followed by 113 outbreaks associated with animals, resulting in 436 human cases. From 2018 to 2021, there were 37 cryptosporidiosis outbreaks associated with 324 cases. We identified the subtypes by using polymerase chain reaction targeting the gp60 gene and the likelihood of mixed subtype infections with the Tracking of Indels by DEcomposition (TIDE) algorithm. Subtype families Ib and Ig of Cryptosporidium hominis and IIa and IId of Cryptosporidium parvum were found among cases; however, C. hominis subtypes occurred in 8 of the 11 outbreaks reviewed where molecular data were available. Examination of the chromatograms showed no mixed subtype infections in the samples assessed. Subtyping data need to be routinely incorporated into national surveillance programmes to better understand the epidemiology, sources, transmission and extent of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in New Zealand. Our study highlights the value of integrating epidemiological information and molecular typing to investigate and manage clusters of cryptosporidiosis cases.
Factorization and Precision Calculations in Particle Physics

We state and prove to all orders in perturbation theory a factorization theorem in Quantum Chromodynamics that concisely describes the separation of the physics associated with jet formation from that associated with the hard-scattering in high-energy particle collisions. We show how the factorization theorem, which provides an equality between amplitudes in gauge theories, can be readily applied to precision calculations of cross-sections. In the resulting factorized cross sections, the components relevant to jet production are universal and perturbatively calculable. Their renormalization group evolution can be used to sum large logarithms of scale ratios to all orders in perturbation theory, thus enabling quantitive predictions in the regime of disparate scales relevant to many important collider-physics observables. As an application, we calculate the observable 2-subjettiness at next-to-next-to-nextto-leading-logarithmic order for the decay of boosted heavy color-singlet particles such as Electroweak bosons. Our calculation is the first analytic calculation of a jet substructure observable.