Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Duality theory for Grothendieck categories

In [3] Jan-Eric Roos has shown that an abelian category 31 is a locally Noetherian Grothendieck category if and only if (iff) it is dual to the category of complete (and Hausdorff) topologically coherent left modules over some complete topologically left coherent and left coperfect ring R. In this note I announce a series of results which show similar relations for arbitrary, not necessarily locally Noetherian, Grothendieck categories. Some preliminary notions are needed. A Grothendieck category is an abelian cocomplete category with exact filtered colimits and a family of generators. The dual of a Grothendieck category is a co-Grothendieck category. A topological ring R is a ring (always unital) with a topology such that the addition and multiplication are continuous. A topological ring R is called left linear topological [l , p. 411] if 0 has a basis of neighborhoods consisting of left ideals. Such a basis of neighborhoods is simply called a basis of R. Given a topological ring R, a topological R-leit module is an R-leit module with a topology such that the addition on M and the multiplication R X M-+M are continuous. A topological R-leit module is called left linear topological if it admits a basis (of neighborhoods of 0) consisting of left submodules. Let R be a left linear topological ring, and let Dis^i^ be the category of discrete topological i? -left modules. Then Dis#i£ is a full subcategory of MCXIRR, the category of all R-leit modules, and consists of all i? -left modules M such that for all m £ M the left annihilator (0:m) is open in R. (Compare [3, §4, Proposition 3]). The category D'ISRR is the closed subcategory of Modüji? associated with the given left linear topology on R [l , p. 411 ff]. Let Coh (Dis^i? ) denote the category of all coherent objects of Dis^-R [3, §5 ] ; C o t ^ D i s ^ ) is a full, skeletal-small subcategory of Modiji? and closed under finite limits and colimits (in MOCIRR). In particular, Coh(Disiji^) is abelian. The ring R is called topologically left coherent if Dis#i? admits a family of coherent generators, i.e. if Coh(Dis.Ki£) is a class of generators for DisRR [3, §4, Definition 3] . Let R be any ring. An i£-left module M is called algebraically linearly compact if it satisfies the following condition: If J is a directed ordered set and if (Aft-; i G / ) is a decreasing family of finitely gene-
Characterization of Hypervirulent and Carbapenem-Resistant K. pneumoniae Isolated from Neurological Patients

Background Patients with neurological disorders were easier to develop severe intracranial infections caused by hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, leading to a distressing clinical outcome. In this study, eight hv-CRKP were isolated from neurological patients, to clarify the resistant and virulent features. Methods We tested the susceptibility of common antibiotics in these isolates to feature the antibiotic-resistant phenotypes. We also detected the key virulence factors, including mucoviscosity, siderophores production, biofilm formation in vitro, and further evaluated the virulence potential with serum killing model. We also used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results We observed that ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP (6/8) has an overwhelming epidemic dominance in these hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Though the acquirement of virulence plasmid made no influence to the maintain of multidrug-resistant phenotype of these isolates, only the ST11-KL64 strains fully exhibited the hypervirulent features. Compared with ST11-KL47 and ST15-KL24 strains, ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP were more advantages in productions of capsule polysaccharide, biofilm, and siderophores. The virulence potential of ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP was further confirmed by using serum killing model. Previous studies have demonstrated that IncFII plasmid could act as a helper plasmid to mobile the non-conjugative IncFIB/IncHIB virulence plasmids. We could only observe the co-existence of IncFII resistance plasmid and IncFIB/IncHIB virulence plasmids in ST11-KL64 isolates. The co-existence of such two plasmids facilitated the formation of ST11-KL64 hv-CPKP, which then become nosocomial epidemic under the antibiotic stress. Conclusion Overall, we observed the ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP dominated in the isolates from neurological patients, and required most clinical attention.
Effect of Cow-Calf Supplementation on Gene Expression, Processes, and Pathways Related to Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in Longissimus thoracis Muscle of F1 Angus × Nellore Cattle at Weaning

The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes, biological processes, and metabolic pathways related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in calves receiving different diets during the cow-calf phase. Forty-eight uncastrated F1 Angus × Nellore males were randomly assigned to two treatments from thirty days of age to weaning: no creep feeding (G1) or creep feeding (G2). The creep feed offered contained ground corn (44.8%), soybean meal (40.4%), and mineral core (14.8%), with 22% crude protein and 65% total digestible nutrients in dry matter. After weaning, the animals were feedlot finished for 180 days and fed a single diet containing 12.6% forage and 87.4% corn-based concentrate. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples were collected by biopsy at weaning for transcriptome analysis and at slaughter for the measurement of intramuscular fat content (IMF) and marbling score (MS). Animals of G2 had 17.2% and 14.0% higher IMF and MS, respectively (p < 0.05). We identified 947 differentially expressed genes (log2 fold change 0.5, FDR 5%); of these, 504 were upregulated and 443 were downregulated in G2. Part of the genes upregulated in G2 were related to PPAR signaling (PPARA, SLC27A1, FABP3, and DBI), unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5), and fatty acid metabolism (FASN, FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5). Regarding biological processes, the genes upregulated in G2 were related to cholesterol biosynthesis (EBP, CYP51A1, DHCR24, and LSS), unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (FADS2, SCD, SCD5, and FADS1), and insulin sensitivity (INSIG1 and LPIN2). Cow-calf supplementation G2 positively affected energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, and thus favored the deposition of marbling fat during the postweaning period, which was shown here in an unprecedented way, by analyzing the transcriptome, genes, pathways, and enriched processes due to the use of creep feeding.
Effects of Hypnotic Analgesia and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Pain Tolerance and Corticospinal Excitability in Individuals with Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Over Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective We compare the effect of HAS, a-tDCS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (l-DLPFC), and rest-testing on pain measures [(cold pressor test (CPT) (primary outcome) and heat pain threshold]. We also compare their effects on the motor evoked potential (MEP) (primary outcome), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and cortical silent period (CSP). Methods This randomized, blind, crossover trial included 18 women with fibromyalgia, aged from 18 to 65 years old. They received at random and in a crossover order a-tDCS over the l-DLPFC (2mA), HAS, or a rest-testing. Results HAS compared to a-tDCS increased the pain tolerance with a moderate effect size (ES) [Cohen’s f=−0.78; (CI 95%; −1.48 to −0.12)]. While compared to rest-testing, HAS increased the CPT with a large ES [Cohen’s f=−0.87; (CI 95%; −1.84 to −0.09)]. The a-tDCS compared to HAS increased the MEP amplitude with large ES [Cohen’s f=−1.73 (CI 95%; −2.17 to −0.17)]. Likewise, its ES compared to rest-testing in the MEP size was large [Cohen’s f=−1.03; (CI 95%; −2.06 to −0.08)]. Conclusion These findings revealed that HAS affects contra-regulating mechanisms involved in perception and pain tolerance, while the a-tDCS increased the excitability of the corticospinal pathways. They give a subsidy to investigate their effect as approaches to counter regulate the maladaptive neuroplasticity involved in fibromyalgia. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials. gov, identifier – NCT05066568.
Power Boundary Controlled Single-Stage LLC Power Factor Correction Converter and Its Optimal Parameter Design

The time-domain analysis on single-stage LLC power factor correction (PFC) converter is performed in this article, which reveals that PON mode may occur around the peak point of instantaneous input power and cause instability issue. In order avoid PON mode, the power boundary between PO and PON mode is calculated. For the common design methods of LLC PFC converter with average mode control strategy, the power boundary requires to be higher than the instantaneous input power at its worst point. However, higher power boundary brings higher rms value of resonant current, and causes higher reactive power loss. Therefore, it is a wasteful designing methodology, as the other points of instantaneous input power do not need such high power boundary. In order to improve the efficiency, a power boundary control strategy is proposed in this article. By controlling the input current to make the instantaneous input power follow the power boundary, PON mode is eliminated. Consequently, the required power boundary is overall reduced, and the minimal rms current of resonant tank can be achieved. Furthermore, the optimal parameter design is also presented. A 90–240 VAC input and 250 W/48 V output experimental prototype has been built to verify the analysis results.
Size- and temperature-dependence of exciton lifetimes in CdSe quantum dots

In this work we have investigated the temperature-dependence of the band-edge photoluminescence decay of efficiently luminescing organically capped CdSe quantum dots QDs with diameters ranging from 1.7 to 6.3 nm over a broad temperature range 1.3– 300 K. The overall trend is similar for all the investigated sizes, consisting of different temperature regimes. The low-temperature regime below 50 K is characterized by purely radiative decay and can be modeled by a thermal distribution between a lower dark and a higher bright exciton state, with a size-dependent energy separation viz., from 0.7 to 1.7 meV and dark exciton lifetime viz., from 0.3 to 1.4 s for QDs ranging from 6.3 nm to 1.7 nm in diameter. Nonradiative relaxation processes become increasingly important above 50 K until the temperature antiquenching regime is reached, leading to a decrease in the nonradiative contributions and photoluminescence intensity recovery above 200 K.
Effect of Green Tea and Black Seed on Methotrexate Induced Cytotoxicity of the Oral Mucosa, Tongue and the Submandibular Salivary Gland of Albino Rats

Background: Chemotherapy is an important intervention for treatment of cancer. Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug which has a wide application in the treatment of malignant diseases and autoimmune diseases. The main side effect of MTX is oral mucositis as well as salivary gland damage. Oral mucositis is a critical complication causing discontinuing of chemotherapy with a negative impact on diet, oral hygiene and quality of life. Objective: to evaluate and compare the individual effect of green tea and black seeds oil extract, on MTX induced oral mucositis and submandibular salivary gland cytotoxicity in albino rats. Material and Methods: A total of fifty six male Albino rats were used. The rats were divided into four experimental groups, Group 1 (G1: control group), Group 2 (G2: MTX treated group), Group 3 (G3: MTX + Green Tea extract treated group) and Group 4 (G4: MTX + Black seed oil treated group). Rats were sacrificed separately after five and ten days; then immediately dissected to obtain the submandibular
Numerical magetohydrodynamics in astronphysics: Algorithm and tests for one-dimensional flow`

We describe a numerical code to solve the equations for ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It is based on an explicit finite difference scheme on an Eulerian grid, called the total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme, which is a second-order-accurate extension of the Roe-type upwind scheme. We also describe a non-linear Riemann solver for ideal MHD, which includes rarefractions as well as shocks. The numerical code and the Riemann solver have been used to test each other. Extensive tests encompassing all the possible ideal MHD structures with planar symmetries (i.e., one-dimensional flows) are presented. These include those for which the field structure is two dimensional (i.e., those flows often called '1 + 1/2 dimensional') as well as those for which the magnetic field plane rotates (i.e., those flows often called '1 + 1/2 + 1/2 dimensional'). Results indicate that the code can resolve strong fast, slow, and magnetosonic shocks within two to four cells, but more cells are required if shocks become weak. With proper steepening, we could resolve rotational discontinuities within three to five cells. However, without successful implementation of steepening, contact discontinuities are resolved with approximately 10 cells and tangential discountinuities are resolved with approximately 15 cells. Out tests confirm that slow compound structures with tow-dimensional magnetic fields are composed of intermediate shocks (so-called 2-4 intermediate shocks) followed by slow rarefaction waves. Finally, tests demostrate that in two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics, fast compound structures, which are composed of intermediate shocks (so-called 1-3 intermediate shocks) preceeded by fast rarefaction waves, are also possible.
Analytical Determination of Cephalosporin Antibiotics Using Coordination Polymer Based on Cobalt Terephthalate as a Sorbent

In this work, a coordination polymer based on cobalt terephthalate was obtained and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The coordination polymer was tested as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction of cephalosporin antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and cefazolin, from aqueous solutions. The coordination polymer had a high adsorption capacity (520.0 mg/g). Antibiotics adsorption followed pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicate a spontaneous process. The resulting coordination polymer has good stability and reusability. The possibility of separating the studied cephalosporins on a chromatographic column filled with a coordination polymer was shown. This work opens great prospects for the development and application of a coordination polymer based on cobalt terephthalate for the removal of cephalosporins from ambient water.
Gamma-ray bursts from colliding strange stars

The rate of collisions between the neutron stars is about 0.0001/yr in the galaxy and about 0.00001/yr within the Hubble distance. The collisions are the final phases of binary orbit decay driven by gravitational radiation and may produce gamma-ray bursts detectable at extragalactic distances. If strange stars exist then their collisions must release about 10 to the 50th ergs in gamma rays over 0.2 s. Such events should be detectable out to 1 Gpc with the current instruments. The distance to the majority of gamma-ray bursts is not known at this time. The Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on Gamma Ray Observatory should determine the distance scale by determining the angular distribution of very weak bursts. If the majority of gamma-ray bursts turn out to be extragalactic, and if their distances are about 1 Gpc, then the collisions between strange stars may be the least speculative events that might account for so energetic bursts. 48 refs.
Nonparametric Density Estimation - A Numerical Exploration

The simulation of distributions without parametric assumptions requires direct estimation of the underlying density function from sample data. Extensive literature discusses the theoretical aspects of this problem. This paper discusses application and practical implications of nonparametric density estimation. Primarily using piece-wise linear interpolation and the Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression methods, tests and experiments show the suitability of nonparametric methods for various circumstances. Nonparametric density estimation has the potential to support complex distributions, which would enable accurate simulation in a fully-automated environment.
Advances in Climbing Robots for Vertical Structures in the Past Decade: A Review

Climbing robots are designed to conduct tasks that may be dangerous for humans working at height. In addition to improving safety, they can also increase task efficiency and reduce labor costs. They are widely used for bridge inspection, high-rise building cleaning, fruit picking, high-altitude rescue, and military reconnaissance. In addition to climbing, these robots need to carry tools to complete their tasks. Hence, their design and development are more challenging than those of most other robots. This paper analyzes and compares the past decade’s design and development of climbing robots that can ascend vertical structures such as rods, cables, walls, and trees. Firstly, the main research fields and basic design requirements of climbing robots are introduced, and then the advantages and disadvantages of six key technologies are summarized, namely, conceptual design, adhesion methods, locomotion modes, safety mechanisms, control methods, and operational tools. Finally, the remaining challenges in research on climbing robots are briefly discussed and future research directions are highlighted. This paper provides a scientific reference for researchers engaged in the study of climbing robots.
Effects of Genetic Mutation Sites in ADR Genes on Modern Chickens Produced and Domesticated by Artificial Selection

Simple Summary Nine types of complete adrenergic receptor (ADR) gene sequences were analyzed, wherein twenty-four specific mutation sites were found as a result of the artificial selection of Shaver Brown and Shamo chickens. From the analysis, Shamo- and Shaver Brown-specific mutations, and those common to both breeds, could be separated into three groups. The results confirmed that eight mutation sites may be affected by artificial selection. Furthermore, the evolutionary analysis revealed that the identified mutations were not ancestral. These results confirmed that the eight mutations at these sites were artificially selected by domestication and breed specificity. NST population analysis confirmed that there is a difference in the degree of genetic differentiation between the two populations. In particular, the NST rate of ADRA1D (0.064) was most affected by artificial selection. This suggests that these mutations may exert different effects on vasoconstriction, smooth muscles, and the action of the digestive system relevant to the breed’s specific characteristics. Abstract Associations between neurotransmitters, adrenergic receptor (ADR) mutations, and behaviors in chickens produced and domesticated by artificial selection remain unclear. This study investigates the association of neurotransmitters and ADR mutations with egg laying and cockfighting—behaviors associated with significantly different breeding backgrounds—in Shaver Brown and Shamo chickens. Accordingly, the whole sequences of nine ADR genes were determined, and nine amino acid-specific mutation sites from five genes (ADRα1A: S365G, ADRα1D: T440N, ADRα2A: D273E, ADRβ1: N443S, S445N, ADRβ3: R342C, Q404L, and P406S) were extracted. Evolutionary analysis showed that these mutations were not ancestrally derived. These results confirm that the mutations at these sites were artificially selected for domestication and are breed specific. NST population analysis confirmed a difference in the degree of genetic differentiation between the two populations in seven genes. The results further confirm differences in the degree of genetic differentiation between the two populations in Shaver Brown (ADRA1B and ADRA1D) and Shamo (ADRA1A and ADRA2B) chickens, indicating that the ADR gene differs between the two breeds. The effects of artificial selection, guided by the human-driven selection of desirable traits, are reflected in adrenaline gene mutations. Furthermore, certain gene mutations may affect domestication, while others may affect other traits in populations or individuals.
Whole-Genome Analysis of blaNDM-Bearing Proteus mirabilis Isolates and mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolates Carrying blaNDM from the Same Fresh Vegetables in China

The global spread of colistin or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has been a pressing threat to public health. Members of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli, have been prevalent foodborne pathogens and such pathogens from fresh vegetables have triggered foodborne illness in China. However, reports about CRE, especially P. mirabilis from fresh vegetables, are still lacking. In this study, we identified five blaNDM-positive P. mirabilis and five blaNDM-positive generic E. coli concurrently from five fresh vegetables in two markets from China, and four of the five E. coli also carried mcr-1. The 10 isolates were characterized with methods including antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation, whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. All 10 isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). blaNDM-5 in five E. coli isolates and one P. mirabilis carrying blaNDM-5 was located on similarly transferable IncX3 plasmids, while transferably untypable plasmids were the carriers of blaNDM-1 in four P. mirabilis isolates from different types of vegetables/markets. mcr-1 in the four blaNDM-5-positive E. coli was located on similarly non-conjugative IncHI2 MDR plasmids lacking transfer region. Notably, ISCR1 complex class 1 integron capable of capturing blaNDM-1 was found on all untypable plasmids from P. mirabilis, and five copies of ISCR1 complex class 1 integron containing blaNDM-1 even occurred in one P. mirabilis, which showed high-level carbapenem resistance. Plasmid and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the blaNDM-positive P. mirabilis and E. coli from fresh vegetables might be derived from animals and transmitted to humans via the food chain. The concurrence of blaNDM-positive P. mirabilis and E. coli carrying both mcr-1 and blaNDM in different types of fresh vegetables eaten raw is alarming and threatens food safety. Sustained surveillance of these foodborne pathogens among fresh vegetables is urgent to ensure the health of food consumers. We report for the first time the concurrence of blaNDM-positive P. mirabilis and mcr-1-bearing E. coli carrying blaNDM from the same fresh vegetables.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Its Relationship with Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The present study investigated the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its relationship with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 421 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who completely met the inclusion criteria, aged 67.3 ± 12.8 years, among 622 outpatients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. We examined the use of CAM, such as supplements, Kampo, acupuncture, and yoga. HRQOL was assessed by EuroQOL. A total of 161 patients (38.2%) with type 2 diabetes mellitus used some type of CAM. The use of supplements and/or health foods was the highest among CAM users (112 subjects, 26.6%). HRQOL was significantly lower in patients who used some CAM (0.829 ± 0.221) than in those without any CAM use (0.881 ± 0.189), even after adjustments for confounding factors [F(1, 414) = 2.530, p = 0.014]. Proper information on CAM is needed for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.