Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The instability of the thin vortex ring of constant vorticity

A theoretical investigation of the instability of a vortex ring to short azimuthal bending waves is presented. The theory considers only the stability of a thin vortex ring with a core of constant vorticity (constant /r) in an ideal fluid. Both the mean flow and the disturbance flow are found as an asymptotic solution in e = a/R, the ratio of core radius to ring radius. Only terms linear in wave amplitude are retained in the stability analysis. The solution to 0 (e2) is presented, although the details of the stability analysis are carried through completely only for a special class of bending waves that are known to be unstable on a line filament in the presence of strain (Tsai & Widnall 1976) and have been identified in the simple model of Widnall, Bliss & Tsai (1974) as a likely mode of instability for the vortex ring: these occur at certain critical wavenumbers for which waves on a line filament of the same vorticity distribution would not rotate (w0 = 0). The ring is found to be always unstable for at least the lowest two critical wavenumbers (ka = 2.5 and 4.35). The amplification rate and wavenumber predicted by the theory are found to be in good agreement with available experimental results.
Serum cytokine concentration in native Nicobari fowl of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

*Corresponding author e-mail: drsujathaars@rediffmail.com The fundamental key role in immune and inflammatory responses is mediated by cytokines through activation and regulation of other cells and tissues. They are proteins or peptides in nature being secreted by a wide variety of cells (Wigley and Kaiser, 2003). Cytokines control infectious diseases of poultry in a massive way. Receptors presenting on the surface of the target cells mediate the action of cytokines which modulate the cell’s activity. There are varieties of cytokines and receptors depending on the cell’s function producing them. In birds, leukocytes and fibroblasts are secretary cells for type I interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) and T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells produce type II (IFN-γ). Interleukins (IL), the important components of the immune system, regulate inflammation and systemic inflammatory status. Deregulation of cytokine process results in pathological disorders (Tayal and Kalra 2007). IL-6 has the most endocrine activity (Gabler and Spurlock 2008), pro-inflammatory role (Xing et al. 1998) and anti-inflammatory effects (Scheller et al. 2011). Among the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), TLR4 has key role in the immune response recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram negative bacteria (Kenzel and Henneke, 2006). Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) attributes to genetic resistance to diseases (Kaufman 2000). Relative resistance or susceptibility to common poultry diseases is determined by breeds and lines of chicken (Leon and Michael 2019) including genes within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region of the genome (Kim et al. 2009). Screening of these cytokines in chicken is necessary in the field of immunocompetence to poultry diseases. Detection of cytokine profiles and their appearance serves as a tool to determine the type of preferentially activated immune response (Mucksova et al. 2018). Understanding the subtle differences in the normal physiological status of immunity among various breeds of chicken could be fundamental to exploiting immune genes to improve the health of chicken and thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of poultry industry. Most of these standard haplotypes are almost studied from the white leghorn (Livant et al. 2001). Preliminary work on indigenous chicken and wild birds Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 90 (7): 1002–1005, July 2020/Short communication
A Near-Infrared Survey of the Taurus Molecular Cloud: Near-Infrared Luminosity Function

We have carried out a near-infrared survey of the central 1° × 1° region of Heiles cloud 2 (HC2), one of the densest regions of the Taurus molecular cloud. The limiting magnitude of this survey was 13.4 mag, and we have detected 831 sources at K. Based on the color-color diagram, 47 sources were classified as class II objects, and three as class I objects. The differential luminosity function of the class II objects in HC2 does not appear to have any cutoff, in agreement with the result by Comeron et al. for the ρ Ophiuchi cloud. The majority of the sources are low-luminosity class II objects. Either these are very low mass class II objects with about solar mass or the dissipation timescale of the circumstellar disk is longer than that of typical visible class II objects.
Eigenspaces of networks reveal the overlapping and hierarchical community structure more precisely

Identifying community structure is fundamental for revealing the structure–functionality relationship in complex networks, and spectral algorithms have been shown to be powerful for this purpose. In a traditional spectral algorithm, each vertex of a network is embedded into a spectral space by making use of the eigenvectors of the adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix of the graph. In this paper, a novel spectral approach for revealing the overlapping and hierarchical community structure of complex networks is proposed by not only using the eigenvalues and eigenvectors but also the properties of eigenspaces of the networks involved. This gives us a better characterization of community. We first show that the communicability between a pair of vertices can be rewritten in term of eigenspaces of a network. An agglomerative clustering algorithm is then presented to discover the hierarchical communities using the communicability matrix. Finally, these overlapping vertices are discovered with the corresponding eigenspaces, based on the fact that the vertices more densely connected amongst one another are more likely to be linked through short cycles. Compared with the traditional spectral algorithms, our algorithm can identify both the overlapping and hierarchical community without increasing the time complexity O(n3), where n is the size of the network. Furthermore, our algorithm can also distinguish the overlapping vertices from bridges. The method is tested by applying it to some computer-generated and real-world networks. The experimental results indicate that our algorithm can reveal community structure more precisely than the traditional spectral approaches.
Towards a Consensus on an ICF-Based Classification System for Horizontal Sound-Source Localization

The study aimed to develop a consensus classification system for the reporting of sound localization testing results, especially in the field of cochlear implantation. Against the background of an overview of the wide variations present in localization testing procedures and reporting metrics, a novel classification system was proposed to report localization errors according to the widely accepted International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. The obtained HEARRING_LOC_ICF scale includes the ICF graded scale: 0 (no impairment), 1 (mild impairment), 2 (moderate impairment), 3 (severe impairment), and 4 (complete impairment). Improvement of comparability of localization results across institutes, localization testing setups, and listeners was demonstrated by applying the classification system retrospectively to data obtained from cohorts of normal-hearing and cochlear implant listeners at our institutes. The application of our classification system will help to facilitate multi-center studies, as well as allowing better meta-analyses of data, resulting in improved evidence-based practice in the field.
Relacionamento estatístico entre indicadores de dados de internet em língua portuguesa e bolsa de valores

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise estatística entre indicadores obtidos de dados de internet em língua portuguesa - sentimento de notícias e Google Trends - e dados sobre o mercado brasileiro de bolsa de valores através do coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman. A metodologia utilizada para coleta, pré-processamento e obtenção de cada indicador é detalhada. Foram obtidos dados dos anos de 2019 a 2021. Para a análise de sentimento das notícias foi adotado um modelo CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) o qual obteve um F1-score de 96%. Como resultados foram obtidas algumas correlações interessantes dentre as quais, uma correlação inversa caracterizada como moderada (segundo a escala de Cohen) entre o sentimento das notícias e preço de fechamento ajustado em 2019; entre volume de buscas e preço de fechamento, uma correlação negativa e “muito grande” e positiva e “grande” entre o volume de negociações e o volume de buscas. Tanto em 2020 como em 2021, constatou-se coeficientes negativos definidos como “grandes”, levando em conta o preço de fechamento e volume de negociações.
High-Resolution FTIR Spectrum of Vinyl Fluoride: Rovibrational Analysis of the Torsion Mode at 712 cm−1

Abstract The high-resolution infrared spectra of vinyl fluoride have been recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer with a resolution of 0.0016 cm −1 . The rovibrational structure of the ν 12 fundamental (torsion mode) at 712.3 cm −1 , which gives rise to a c -type band, was analyzed in detail employing modern methods of computations and graphical aids. A comprehensive set of molecular constants for the first excited vibrational energy level of this band was obtained from the overall rovibrational assignment of almost 2500 transitions covering J and K a values up to 40 and 16, respectively, in the region 640-770 cm −1 . The rotational and centrifugal distortion parameters obtained compare reasonably well with those of the ground state, thus confirming that the ν 12 fundamental is essentially unperturbed.
Depth-dependent crossover for genetic programming

It is known that selection and crossover operators contribute to generating solutions in genetic programming (GP). Traditionally, crossover points are selected randomly by a normal (canonical) crossover. However, the traditional method has several difficulties, in that building blocks (i.e. effective partial programs) are broken because of blind application of the normal crossover. This paper proposes a depth-dependent crossover for GP, in which the depth selection ratio is varied according to the depth of a node. This proposed method accumulates building blocks via the encapsulation of the depth-dependent crossover. We compare the performance of GP with depth-dependent crossover with that with normal crossover. Our experimental results clarify that the superiority of the proposed crossover to the normal method.
Finding the linkage between Entrepreneurial Competencies and Entrepreneurial Intention of Students': An Attestation from Kashmir, North India

The focus of every developing nation is to make their people self-reliant by adopting entrepreneurship. In developed economies, much research has already been done to study the interplay between entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial intention of students. According to a report published in 2021 by the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, the total population of India is 1.3 billion which is second-most in the world. But the positive sign is that the average age of the Indian population is 29 years which shows that India has the youngest population globally. This population will create a “demographic dividend” in the long run. Hence, this is the right time to infuse the spirit of entrepreneurship into the young blood. Therefore, the current study is an attempt to empirically scrutinize the role played by entrepreneurial competencies in the infusion of entrepreneurial intention among students. In the present study, a cross-sectional research design has been used. The sample for the study was management students. Data has been collected through web questionnaires. 193 filled questionnaires were found suitable for the information collection and to analyze the data structural equation modeling has been used. Findings of the study have depicted that opportunity competency, relationship competency, risk-taking competency, and strategic competency have significantly contributed to the students’ entrepreneurial intention. Whereas other competencies like conceptual competency, learning competency, and organizing competency did not show any significant contribution to the entrepreneurial intention of students.
A calculation model of TC4 shot peening residual stress based on elastic-plastic theory

Shot peening is widely used in automobile, aviation, and other industries because it can change the fatigue strength of metal structures by introducing residual compressive stress field on the surface and significantly improve the fatigue life of mechanical structures. In order to improve the surface properties of parts after shot peening, an analysis method for rapidly predicting residual stress of parts surface during shot peening is proposed. During the analysis, an elastoplastic impact model of shot was established, and stress–strain laws in three processes of elastic loading, plastic deformation and stress release were studied. The residual stress under different shot peening parameters was predicted by considering the plastic strengthening effect of TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V). A TC4 shot peening test was performed and residual stress was measured, and the results are consistent with the model predictions, which verified correctness of the model.
On the definition of albedo and application to irregular particles

The various definitions of albedo used in planetary astronomy are reviewed. In particular, the Bond albedo, which refers only to the reflected and refracted components, is not applicable to small particles or highly irregular particles, where diffraction is not restricted to a well-defined lobe at small scattering angles. Measured scattering functions for irregular particles are presented in a normalized form and are applied to the case of zodiacal light.
NUMMBER : 015-0340 ASSESSING THE ' USE VALUE ' OF SERVITIZED OFFERINGS : THE CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE

NUMMBER: 015-0340 ASSESSING THE 'USE VALUE' OF SERVITIZED OFFERINGS: THE CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE JAWWAD Z. RAJA, VERONICA MARTINEZ AND BJÖRN CLAES Cranfield University Contact details: Centre for Business Performance, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield, Bedford, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL Email: j.z. raja@cranfield.ac. uk POMS 21st Annual Conference Vancouver, Canada May 7 to May 10, 2010 ASSESSING THE ‘USE VALUE’ OF SERVITIZED OFFERINGS 1 of 21 Abstract number: 015-0340 Assessing the ‘use value’ of servitized offerings: the customer perspective Abstract In recent times the attention afforded to servitization has been a growing phenomenon. The servitization debate has witnessed calls to examine how customers perceive and assess the use value of product-service offerings. To date, the literature in the productservice domain gives limited consideration to the customer perspective. In particular, there exists a need for examining customer usage processes to better understand how value is derived and assessed. Moreover, there exists an important gap in explaining how and why the assessment of ‘use value’ of servitized offerings by customers is significant. Much of this has been a result of the newly proposed service-dominant logic by Vargo and Lusch (2004). In this paper, we argue for the need to develop measures of customer usage processes. In order to bridge the current gap, this paper proposes the use of the repertory grid technique as a means of identifying such measures. Further steps for future research are also outlined.
Preparation of PLGA-Coated Porous Silica Nanofibers for Drug Release

Fibrous materials have unique applications in drug release and biomedical fields. This study reports on the preparation of porous silica nanofibers, using organic nanofibers as templates, and their use for drug release. Different from the commonly used electrospinning method, the organic nanofibers are produced via a self-assembly approach between melamine and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid. Silica is then coated on the organic nanofibers via homogenization in a silica sol, a freeze-drying process, and then a sol–gel process. In order to regulate the surface area and mesopore volume of silica nanofibers, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide at different concentrations is used as template in the sol–gel process. With the removal of organic nanofibers and the surfactant by calcination, porous silica nanofibers are generated and then assessed as a scaffold for controlled drug release with ketoprofen as a model drug. Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) is coated on the silica nanofibers to achieve slow burst release and prolonged cumulative release of 25 days. This study demonstrates an effective method of preparing hollow silica nanofibers and the use of such nanofibers for long-term release with high drug loading.
A Local Regularization Operator for Triangular and Quadrilateral Finite Elements

This paper develops a local regularization operator on triangular or quadrilateral finite elements built on structured or unstructured meshes. This operator is a variant of the regularization operator of Clement; however, ours is constructed via a local projection in a reference domain. We prove in this paper that it has the same optimal approximation properties as the standard interpolation operator, and we present some applications.
Controle de robôs manipuladores em modo dual adaptativo/robusto

We consider the trajectory tracking problem for robot manipulators with unknown physical parameters and affected by bounded external disturbances. We present a non linear adaptive tracking controller by dual mode which guarantees exponential transient performance with respect to an arbitrary small residual set, resulting in arbitrary disturbance attenuation. If the disturbances vanish the controller achieves asymptotic tracking of the desired trajectory.
Influence of light polarization on the analogy between ballistic nanostructures and the electromagnetic field

A set of analogous electron-light parameters for linearly polarized electromagnetic fields has been found for Schrodinger electrons. It is shown that the use of light polarization as an easily controllable parameter offers the possibility of a feasible practical implementation of optical structures with the same reflection coefficient as the corresponding ballistic structures for either Schrodinger or Dirac electrons.
Amish Population Pyramids: Demographic Patterns across Affiliations in the Holmes County, Ohio, Settlement

Research indicates demographic trends within the Amish community remain stable over time, even as Amish populations proliferate. However, most of the research on demographic trends fails to examine variation across affiliations. We use data from Ohio Amish Directory, Holmes County and Vicinity, 2010 to construct age-sex population pyramids for three different affiliations. Population pyramids render the growth, decline, and stability of populations visible. Andy Weaver (or Dan) and Old Order churches present expanding pyramids implying rapid growth, while New Order churches render a stationary pyramid indicating slower growth. Sociologists of religion consistently find that strict churches, cultivating separation from the outside world, tend to grow faster than those that foster accommodation with the outside world. We argue that the data presented in this article suggests a similar dynamic at work in Plain Anabaptist communities.
Fast Molecular Shocks. II. Emission from Fast Dissociative Shocks

The line radiations emitted in the cooling gas behind a fast dissociative shock are studied. The intensities emitted in high rotational transitions of the neutral molecules CO, SiO, HCN, CN, NO, and SO are estimated, as well as in rovibrational transitions of the molecular ions HeH(+) and OH(+) in radio recombination lines of atomic hydrogen and in fine-structure transitions of C, C(+), O, and Si(+). The predictions are compared with the observed intensities of line emission from the Orion-KL region. For Orion-KL the observations do not exclude, but probably do not require, the presence of a fast dissociative shock. Emission from SiO in high-J rotational states and from vibrationally excited OH(+), HeH(+), HeH(+), and SO(+) may be detectable from dissociative shocks under suitable conditions of preshock density and shock velocity; such emission may prove to be a useful diagnostic probe of fast shock activity. 32 refs.
Remark on commutative approximate identities on homogeneous groups

We give, using the functional calculus of Hulanicki [4], a construction of a commutative approximate identity on every homogeneous group. In [2] Folland and Stein asked, whether on every homogeneous group X there is a function q in the Schwartz class 9(X) with the following properties: f> q$(x) dx = 1, t * s = s * t where qt(x) = t-Qq(3t lx), and Q is the homogeneous dimension of X. The family {q$t} is then called a commutative approximate identity and is used for characterizing Hardy spaces HP (X), cf. [2]. Folland and Stein [2] produced a commutative approximate identity in the case when X is graded. Glowacki showed in [3] that for every homogeneous group the densities of the stable semigroup of symmetric measures generated by the functional (P, f) =lim f(j ) xjf(x >Q(X)ex, 8-0 Xj>8 IxIQ+1 (where Q is a nonzero nonnegative smooth away from the origin homogeneous of degree 0 symmetric function and I I is a smooth homogeneous norm on X) belong to R(X), cf. [2, p. 253]. The construction of a commutative approximate identity from such a semigroup of measures was presented in [2, pp. 258-260]. The purpose of this note is to give (using the functional calculus of Hulanicki [4]) an alternative construction of a commutative approximate identity from the distribution P. We prove that on every homogeneous group X the following theorem holds. Theorem 1. If F E CC(-1, 1), F = 1 in a neighborhood of 0, then there is a function q E 9(X) such that fj F(A) dEp(A)f = f * q, where Ep is the spectral resolution of the operator f ? ) Pf = f * P. Corollary 1. Since f.qv(x)dx = F(0) and fj )F(t )dEp ()f = f * qt, the family {q$tI forms a commutative approximate identity. Let U = {x E X: IxI 0 the function Wa(X) = (1 + r(x))a is submultiplicative. Moreover, there are Received by the editors August 28, 1990. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 43A80.
Mass-Luminosity Relationship and Lithium Depletion for Very Low Mass Stars

We derive mass-luminosity relationships for very low mass stars (0.06 < m/M☉ < 0.6) for different metallicities. Calculations are conducted with the different nongray atmosphere models presently available to illustrate the uncertainties in the stellar models. The theoretical mass-magnitude relation reproduces accurately the observed relationship in the V band (Henry & McCarthy) but still underestimates the flux in the K band by ~0.5 mag, a consequence of the still inaccurate water opacities. Calculations based on the gray approximation are shown to yield incorrect results over the entire mass range of interest. We also show that the fate of objects near the hydrogen-burning limit depends significantly on the treatment of the atmosphere. Nongray effects yield cooler and less luminous objects for a given mass near the stellar/substellar transition, and thus a lower hydrogen-burning minimum mass, m ≈ 0.07 M☉, for solar metallicity. The depletion of lithium along evolution is considered in detail, and we give age versus lithium-abundance relations that provide useful guides to determine the mass and the age of spectroscopically observed low-mass objects.