Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The chondrocranial key: Fetal and perinatal morphogenesis of the sphenoid bone in primates

The sphenoid bone articulates with multiple basicranial, facial, and calvarial bones, and in humans its synchondroses are known to contribute to elongation of the skull base and possibly to cranial base angulation. Its early development (embryological, early fetal) has frequently been studied in a comparative context. However, the perinatal events in morphogenesis of the sphenoid have been explored in very few primates. Using a cross-sectional age sample of non-human primates (n=39; 22 platyrrhines; 17 strepsirrhines), we used microcomputed tomographic (µCT) and histological methods to track age changes in the sphenoid bone. In the midline, the sphenoid expands its dimensions at three growth centers, including the sphenooccipital, intrasphenoidal (ISS) and presphenoseptal (PSept) synchondroses. Bilaterally, the alisphenoid is enlarged via appositional bone growth that radiates outward from cartilaginous parts of the alisphenoid during midfetal stages. The alisphenoid remains connected to the basitrabecular process of the basisphenoid via the alibasisphenoidal synchondrosis (ABS). Reactivity to proliferating cell-nuclear antigen is observed in all synchondroses, indicating active growth perinatally. Between mid-fetal and birth ages in Saguinus geoffroyi, all synchondroses decrease in the breadth of proliferating columns of chondrocytes. In most primates, the ABS is greatly diminished by birth, and is likely the earliest to fuse, although at least some cartilage may remain by at least one-month of age. Unlike humans, no non-human primate in our sample exhibits perinatal fusion of ISS. A dichotomy among primates is the orientation of the ABS, which is more rostrally directed in platyrrhines. Based on fetal Saguinus geoffroyi specimens, the ABS was initially oriented within a horizontal plane, and redirects inferiorly during late fetal and perinatal stages. These changes occur in tandem with forward orientation of the orbits in platyrrhines, combined with downward growth of the midface. Thus, we postulate that active growth centers direct the orientation of the midface and orbit before birth.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Diffusion Tractography in Assessment of Cerebral Lesions Affecting the Optic Radiations

Background: The combination of Functional magnetic resonance imaging with Diffusion Tensor Imaging has proven scientific and clinical relevance. By measuring the directed provides complementary information on white matter architecture, i.e., on the course and integrity of functionally important white matter tracts. In the diffusion of protons along myelinated fibers, Diffusion Tensor neuroimaging research is mainly applied to study the human brain's structural connectivity, whereas diffusion tensor tractography is often also employed for clinical applications. Diffusion Tensor Imaging measurements can be obtained together with Functional magnetic resonance imaging in the same scanning session, which gives an even more complete picture of each patient's brain. This study aimed to assess cerebral lesions affecting optic radiations by magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging tractography. Methods: Our prospective study was conducted on 30 cases ages ranged from 17-83 years, 10 of them were normal and considered as the control group and 20 patients were presented with clinical neurological symptoms and signs associated with visual abnormalities. Results: There is a significant difference between the Fractional anisotropy difference and difference ratio between the two groups with a p-value of 0.016 and 0.017 respectively. There was a strong significant positive correlation between Fractional anisotropy difference ratio (%) and tractography; r = 0.716 (95% confidence interval: 0.470 - 0.858) and p-value <0.001. We correlated the pathological types with different patterns of tractography. optic radiations fiber tracts were displaced in 83.3% of benign tumors and infiltrated in 16.3%. while in malignant tumors optic radiations fiber tracts were displaced in 75%, infiltrated in 12.5%, and disrupted in 25%. There is no "gold standard" for in vivo tractography. Diffusion Tensor Imaging is the only method that permits the calculation and visualization of fiber tracts trajectories in vivo. Conclusions: Diffusion Tensor Imaging tractography is clinically feasible and provides useful information regarding the site of optic radiations and their affection by different brain lesions also, surgical strategy for lesions located in eloquent visual areas. Also, there was a strong significant positive correlation between Fractional anisotropy difference ratio (%) and tractography distribution. Also, probabilistic multifiber tractography applied to diffusion Magnetic resonance imaging data acquired at 3T may be better as it can cope with crossing and kissing fibers than deterministic models because it allows many more possible local pathway orientations for each Diffusion Tensor Imaging sample point.
Are Situation Models Implemented in Modality‐Specific Simulation?

At beginning of the following discussion, this paper mainly discussed what situation model is and briefly reviewed and introduced the concept of modality‐specific simulation. In order to reach a conclusion about whether the situation model is modality‐specific or not, it was further reviewed numbers of existing studies involved situation models and embodiment cognition. However, the paper failed to reach out certain clear evidence that can be used to testify that situation model is indeed implemented in modality specific simulation; unquestionably, there are still countless experiments can be done under this field.
Chemical composition and fatty acid profile in organic milk from dairy cows fed with microalgae (Schizochytrium limacinum)

Our aim was to determine whether microalgae (Schizochytrium limacinum) supplementation affects daily production, composition and fatty acid profile of organic milk. Eight lactating cows were kept in pasture and divided in two groups: those fed corn cob as a supplement twice a day during milking (CTL) and those fed corn cob mixed with 100 g of microalgae (ALG) per cow daily. Microalgae did not affected daily milk production and composition, but a tendency of milk fat reduction was observed. The level of stearic acid in the milk of cows fed ALG was significantly lowered 2.46-fold, whereas levels of elaidic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were significantly elevated by 3.3-fold and 1.8-fold, respectively. A significantly greater PUFA:MUFA ratio was observed in ALG treatment, while the MUFA:saturated fatty acid ratio showed a tendency to increase (P=0.073). Microalgae rich in omega-3 fatty acids successfully enrich organic milk without negatively affecting productivity or composition. Consumers could be attract to increase the intake of omega 3 polynsaturated fat from organic milk. These results could support nutritionist and farmers decision to feed microalgae to dairy cattle since it is economically viable.
Spam Detection in Short Message Service Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Techniques

As the usage of mobile phones increased, the use of Short Message Service increased signiﬁcantly. Due to the lower costs of text messages, people started using it for promotional purposes and unethical activities. This resulted in the ratio of spam messages increasing exponentially and thereby loss of personal and ﬁnancial data. To prevent data loss, it is crucial to detect spam messages as quick as possible. Thus, the research aims to classify spam messages not only eﬃciently but also with low latency. Diﬀerent machine learning models like XGBoost, LightGBM, Bernoulli Na¨ıve Bayes that are proven to be very fast with low time complexity have been implemented in the research. The length of the messages was taken as an additional feature, and the features were extracted using Unigram, Bigram and TF-IDF matrix. Chi-Square feature selection was implemented to further reduce the space complexity. The results showcased that Bernoulli Na¨ıve Bayes followed by LightGBM with the TF-IDF matrix generated the highest accuracy of 96.5% in 0.157 seconds and 95.4% in 1.708 seconds respectively.
Image Captioning Web App

- Deep Learning is a relatively new field that has gotten a lot of attention since it can recognize objects with greater precision than ever before. NLP is another field that has had a significant impact on our lives. It indicates the effect of NLP that it has progressed from providing a readable summary of the texts to analyzing mental disorders. The problem of image captioning involves NLP and Deep Learning. Image captioning can be used to describe photographs in a meaningful way. Describing an image entails more than merely recognizing things; in order to effectively describe an image, we must first identify the things included in the image, followed by the relationship between those items. We used a CNN-LSTM framework in this research. We used a CNN-LSTM framework in this research. CNN will be used to extract visual attributes, while LSTM will be used to try to construct relevant words. This research also looks at how Image captioning is used and the significant issues that come with it.
An Intelligent Tourism System Based on Mobile Internet and Artificial Intelligence

: With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for tourism is increasing. In order to meet the personalized tourism needs of tourists, the construction of intelligent tourism system has been widely concerned. Based on the latest research results of mobile internet and artificial intelligence, a construction scheme of intelligent tourism system has been proposed. With the system given, tourists can realize the purpose of independent tour just with a smart phone, which can solve the problem of the lack of flexibility of artificial guide or two-dimensional code guide. The research results have certain theoretical significance and application value.
Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries

The use of enzymes for industrial functions needs enzymes that are stable, selective and might be used repeatedly. The aim of the study was to determine the chitinase enzyme's function, selectivity, and stability in amobil chitosan membranes. The research method consisted of stages: production of the chitinase enzyme which included the manufacture of chitin colloidal substrate, rejuvenation of thermophilic bacteria, preparation of the inoculum and determining the optimum time of production, fractionation of ammonium sulfate, chitinase enzyme immobilization technique and activity, stability and selectivity test of amobil enzyme. The results demonstrated that chitinase activity, which incorporates the optimum temperature and thus the optimum concentration of production within the immobilization technique, had an optimum temperature of 65C on day 4 of production time with an OD value of 0.9876. The selectivity of amobil chitinase with metal ions Cd (II), Pb (II), Zn (II), and Hg (II) demonstrated that amobil chitinase was selective for these ions. Eamobil chitinase was heat stable at 55-75C and resistant to organic solvents, suggesting that it could be used repeatedly.
Resistance Training Recommendations to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophy in an Athletic Population: Position Stand of the IUSCA

Hypertrophy can be operationally defined as an increase in the axial cross-sectional area of a muscle fiber or whole muscle, and is due to increases in the size of pre-existing muscle fibers. Hypertrophy is a desired outcome in many sports. For some athletes, muscular bulk and, conceivably, the accompanying increase in strength/power, are desirable attributes for optimal performance. Moreover, bodybuilders and other physique athletes are judged in part on their muscular size, with placings predicated on the overall magnitude of lean mass. In some cases, even relatively small improvements in hypertrophy might be the difference between winning and losing in competition for these athletes. This position stand of leading experts in the field synthesizes the current body of research to provide guidelines for maximizing skeletal muscle hypertrophy in an athletic population. The recommendations represent a consensus of a consortium of experts in the field, based on the best available current evidence. Specific sections of the paper are devoted to elucidating the constructs of hypertrophy, reconciliation of acute vs long-term evidence, and the relationship between strength and hypertrophy to provide context to our recommendations.
REDUCING CHEMICAL FERTILIZER IN SWEET POTATO CULTIVATION BY USING MIXED BIOFERTILIZER

Biofertilizer enable to improve nutrient cycle in soil and induce plant growth and production, but sweet potatoes farmers in Indonesia are still use only chemical fertilizer as a source of plant nutrient. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effect of different doses of consortium biofertilizer to reduce chemical fertilizer dose; and maintain yield and sweetness of two sweet potato varieties. The experimental design was completely randomized block design which tested six combinations of different chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer doses. Analysis of variance was performed to determine any significant differences between the means of treatments. The results showed that the response of both sweet potatoes varieties on combined application of chemical and bio fertilizer was differ. All treatments did not change tuber number and weight of sweet potato var. Awachy-1 but increased those of var. Rancing. Application of diazotrophic bacteria (Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Acinetobacter) mixed with phosphate solubilizing microbes (Pseudomonas and Penicillium) with reduced fertilizer doses up to 75% did not alter soil available nitrogen and phosphorous. Despite different fertilizer rates, tubers number of both sweet potato varieties in individual plot was similar. Yield did not change due to reduction of fertilizer dose up to 75% when biofertilizer was applied. However, yield was potentially decreased when chemical fertilizer was only 50%. All fertilizer treatments did not change the sweetness of tuber which indicated by constant brix. Research suggested that biofertilizer might substitute 25% of chemical fertilizer to obtain the same yield and quality of tuber, and maintain the availability soil nitrogen and phosphorous.
Effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on lipid profile of Indian male population

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> SARS-COV-2 pandemic is one of the biggest health challenges for modern era and this type of pandemic was never witnessed in recent past. To control the pandemic various measures were taken by various authorities like lockdown and shutdown. This study was meant to find the effect of this new way of social isolation during lockdown on Indian male population. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted in IMS and SUM hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Those having routine blood check-up before lockdown in the hospital were again re-evaluated for their lipid profile after lockdown. Only male between age group of 20 to 59 included in the study who were mostly confined to home during lockdown. Female, front line workers and people already having deranged lipid profile were excluded from the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was found that there are significant variations in the triglyceride and cholesterol level in men before and after lockdown whereas the level of HDL did not show any significant variation. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> From above study it may be concluded that though lockdown is somehow able to control the rapid spread of the virus but it has negative effect on the lipid profile and indirectly cardiovascular health of a man. </p>
Understanding of the Ultrastable K‐Ion Storage of Carbonaceous Anode

Carbon‐based materials are considered to be one of the most promising materials for negative electrodes of the future, because of their good chemical stability, high electrical conductivity, and environmental benignity. However, to date, the underlying principles of K‐ion storage in carbonaceous anodes remain elusive, which greatly hinders the development of such a category of anodes. Herein, the ultrastable K‐ion storage of carbonaceous anode through systematic analyses, including comprehensive electrochemical characterizations, kinetics calculations, and structural/compositional evolution mechanism studies, is theoretically elucidated and experimentally verified. Specifically, it is found that the uniquely envelope‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon nanosheets with high pseudocapacitive could bring ultrastable storage of potassium ions, delivering a high initial reversible capacity of 367 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and retain 70.5 and 75.6% at current densities of 500 and 1000 mA g−1 after 1000th cycle, respectively. This study could enlighten researchers on further progress in the field of carbonaceous K‐ion battery negative electrode with a long cycle life.
Short Communication: Assessing phytoplankton species structure in trophically different water bodies of South Ural, Russia

Abstract. Kostryukova A, Mashkova I, Belov S, Shchelkanova E, Trofimenko V. 2021. Short Communication: Assessing phytoplankton species structure in trophically different water bodies of South Ural, Russia. Biodiversitas 22: 3530-3538. The study aims to analyze the species structure of the phytoplankton communities of four water bodies in South Ural (Lakes-Turgoyak, Uvildy, Ilmenskoe and Shershnevskoe reservoir). These water bodies are characterized by different trophic states and levels of anthropogenic impact. Lake Turgoyak is oligotrophic; Lake Uvildy is oligomesotrophic. Both water bodies are protected areas and natural monuments. But tourism and recreation are not prohibited on their territories. The mesoeutrophic Lake Ilmenskoe is partially located within the Ilmen State Reserve, and it experiences less anthropogenic impact. The eutrophic Shershnevskoe reservoir is located within the boundaries of the city of Chelyabinsk. It is used as a source of drinking water. Cyanobacteria was the dominant division in the eutrophic Shershnevskoe reservoir. Bacillariophyta dominated in the plankton communities in oligotrophic Lake Turgoyak and oligomesotrophic Lake Uvildy. Green and blue-green algae biodiversity increased in the oligomesotrophic Lake Uvildy. For the mesoeutrophic Lake Ilmenskoe, diatom algae are dominant, but a higher proportion of Chlorophyta (especially Cyanobacteria) was revealed. Species similarity among phytoplankton communities in the given lakes was studied through cluster analysis based on the Sorensen-Czekanowski coefficient. The higher level of similarity between plankton species compositions could be explained by their locality rather than their trophic status.
Agri-environment schemes do not support Brown Hare populations due to inadequate scheme application

The goal of many agri-environment schemes (AES) is to increase biodiversity in agroecosystems. AES effects are often measured on invertebrates and birds; mammals as indicator species are infrequently targets of such researches. Our goal was to evaluate the local-scale effects of the Hungarian Agri-Environmental Measures (AEM) on the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus), which shows decreasing population trends across Europe. We compared hare abundances and their dropping numbers in AEM and control agricultural arable and grassland fields of 17 game management units in two seasons. We also examined the quality of arable fields based on their margin width and vegetation cover. We found that margin quality was higher in AEM than in the control fields. Control grasslands had higher vegetation quality than the AEM grasslands. We found a significant difference in hare counts between AEM and control arable fields in spring but no difference in autumn. The dropping densities did not differ in any season, treatment category or agroecosystem type. We conclude that the AEM program (2009-2014) in Hungary was not effective for the hare, and this might have been caused by the inadequate or weak application of AEM practices. We provide recommendations for future AEM programs to enhance biodiversity.
A Patch-Based Low-Rank Minimization Approach for Speckle Noise Reduction in Ultrasound Images

Ultrasound is a low-cost, non-invasive and real-time imaging modality that has proved popular for many medical applications. Unfortunately, the acquired ultrasound images are often corrupted by speckle noise from scatterers smaller than ultrasound beam wavelength. The signal-dependent speckle noise makes visual observation difficult. In this paper, we propose a patch-based low-rank approach for reducing the speckle noise in ultrasound images. After constructing the patch group of the ultrasound images by the block-matching scheme, we establish a variational model using the weighted nuclear norm as a regularizer for the patch group. The alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is applied for solving the established nonconvex model. We return all the approximate patches to their original locations and get the final restored ultrasound images. Experimental results are given to demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms some existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual quality and quantitative measures. AMS subject classifications: 68U10, 15A29, 65K05
Review of Rotation Invariant Classification Methods for Color Texture Analysis

: The paper aims at analyzing the algorithms which provide rotation invariant to the images. Double Dyadic Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform method for providing rotation invariance is compared with Cluster Coordinated Representation method. The Result of analysis shows that Coordinated Representation is easier to implement and provide better method of classification than wavelet based transformation for rotation invariance whereas it lacks scale invariance. The multi-resolution wavelet based method is invariant to scale and shifts the texture with shift in scale in the direction of change of scale and while rotation the texture shifts in the direction of rotation. The coordinated cluster-based representation provides rotation invariance by using same index to the rotation invariant textures
De novo generation of CD1d1-deficient NKT-cell hybridomas from CD1d-/- mice or by gene editing of CD1d+ hybridomas

atural killer T (NKT) cells recognize glycolipid antigens (Ag) in a CD1d-restricted manner and modulate immune response through production of various cytokines. NKT-cells consist of two subsets. The first is an invariant NKT (iNKT)-cell subset that expresses invariant Vα14Jα18 chains in mice or Vα24Jα18 chains in humans, and recognizes α-GC as a prototype glycolipid Ag. The second is a diverse (dNKT)or variant NKT (vNKT)-cell subset that expresses diverse or oligoclonal T cell receptors (TCR) and recognizes glycolipid Ags Original Contribution Kitasato Med J 2020; 50: 34-43
EFFICIENT AND RECENT ADVANCES FOR FACE SPOOFING DETECTION USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED FEATURE EXTRACTION

Feature extraction plays an important role in the area of pattern recognition, machine learning and computer vision. The performance of visible light face recognition is limited by varying illumination conditions. Major factors affecting the recognition accuracy of the visible light in the face recognition system. So the face spoofing can easily occurred in the face recognition. Even though many face anti-spoofing methods have been proposed, they cannot generalize well on unforced attacks. In this proposed system, in order to recognize the face spoofing by Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based feature extraction is used to detect the fake faces.