Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term 15N Balance After Single‐Dose Input of 15N‐Labeled NH4+ and NO3− in a Subtropical Forest Under Reducing N Deposition

Nitrogen (N) deposition in Europe and North America decreased in the 1990s, whereas N deposition in China began to decline in the early 2010s. The response of temperate forests to decreasing N deposition implied a delay recovery, but it remains unknown whether recovery in subtropical forests follows a similar trend. Therefore, the effects of decreased N deposition on N leaching were simulated in an N‐saturated forest in southwest China following ten years of N application 4.00 g N m−2 yr−1. The addition of N (NH4+ or NO3−) was stopped in 2014. In 2017, a single in‐situ 15N addition as NH4+ or NO3− was performed to trace the fate of N under reducing N deposition. Combining the monitoring results of the N fluxes and 15N fates, both the actual N leaching and contribution of a “new” N input to N leaching were significantly reduced in response to decreasing the N input. The termination of N addition resulted in immediate decreases in the N mineralization and immobilization rates, which were even lower than those in the control plots with moderate (naturally occurring) deposition reduction. The ratio of N leaching from mineralization was also reduced, implying the critical role of N mineralization in the recovery from N saturation. Because the forest was still N‐saturated, decreasing N deposition slightly reduced the N leaching to the gross N input ratio (including both N deposition and N mineralization). The significant decrease in the ratio and thus leaching recovery may occur due to a significant N deposition reduction.
Participation of rural patients in clinical trials at a multisite academic medical center

Abstract Objective: Clinical trials, which are mainly conducted in urban medical centers, may be less accessible to rural residents. Our aims were to assess participation and the factors associated with participation of rural residents in clinical trials. Methods: Using geocoding, the residential address of participants enrolled into clinical trials at Mayo Clinic locations in Arizona, Florida, and the Midwest between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017, was categorized as urban or rural. The distance travelled by participants and trial characteristics was compared between urban and rural participants. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether study location and risks were associated with rural participation in trials. Results: Among 292 trials, including 136 (47%) cancer trials, there were 2313 participants. Of these, 731 (32%) were rural participants, which is greater than the rural population in these 9 states (19%, P < 0.001). Compared to urban participants, rural participants were older (65 ± 12 years vs 64 ± 12 years, P = 0.004) and travelled further to the medical center (103 ± 104 vs 68 ± 88 miles, P < 0.001). The proportion of urban and rural participants who were remunerated was comparable. In the multivariable analysis, the proportion of rural participants was lower (P < 0.001) in Arizona (10%) and Florida (18%) than the Midwest (38%) but not significantly associated with the study-related risks. Conclusions: Approximately one in three clinical trial participants were rural residents versus one in five in the population. Rural residents travelled further to access clinical trials. The study-associated risks were not associated with the distribution of rural and urban participants in trials.
Prognostic and Clinicopathological Value of Slug Expression in Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis

1.1 Background Slug as a member of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) leads to the decrease of adhesion between cancer cells and the increase of cell migration. Many studies have been reported the relationship between prognosis and slug expression in patients with breast cancer, yet the results are controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to conclude the relationship between slug and breast cancer by a meta-analysis. 1.2 Methods We looked for studies on breast cancer and slug via PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science . A total of 1458 patients from the final eight studies were included in this meta-analysis. Overall survival (OS) and Disease-free survival (DFS) were the primary endpoints. Pooled hazard ratio (HR), pooled odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the association between slug, prognosis, and clinicopathological parameters (age, tumor size, histological grade, axillary lymph nodes status(LN),TNM stage, ER(estrogen receptor) status, PR(progesterone receptor) status, HER-2(human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)status). Data analysis was carried out by using STATA version 14.0. (Stata Corporation, TX, USA)software. 1.3 Results This meta-analysis included 1458 patients from eight studies. The final results show that high slug expression leads to poor OS（pooled HR = 2.21;95%CI=1.47-3.33;p＜0.001) and DFS （pooled HR = 2.03;95%CI=1.26-3.28; P=0.004) in breast cancer. In terms of clinicopathological parameters, the results show that breast cancer patients with high slug expression have higher TNM stage(I-II/III-IV; pooled OR=0.42;95%CI=0.25-0.70;P=0.001), more prone to axillary lymph node metastasis(N+/N0;pooled OR =2.16; 95%CI =1.31-3.56; P=0.003) and more severe ER deficiency (positive /negative; pooled OR=0.67;95%CI=0.45-0.99; P=0.042). However, slug is not related to age, histological grade, tumor size, PR status and Her-2 status. 1.4 Conclusion This meta-analysis results show that high slug expression in breast cancer is associated with poor OS, DFS and axillary lymph node status, TNM stage and ER status, but not related to age, histological grade, tumor size, PR status and Her-2 status.
Auditors’ response to corporate fraud: evidence from audit fees and auditor turnover

Purpose This study aims to examine how auditors respond to the revelation of clients’ corporate fraud. Design/methodology/approach This study uses an ordinary least squares estimation to examine how audit fees and audit turnover change after the revelation of corporate fraud. Findings After a client discloses fraudulent activities, average audit fees significantly increase due to an increase in audit hours, rather than in audit premiums. Both new and continuing auditors increase audit hours for fraud firms, but only new auditors charge higher audit fees for the increased effort. In addition, when auditors are designated by regulators following the revelation of fraud, audit fees and premiums increase, but audit hours do not. Finally, auditor turnover becomes more frequent after the revelation of fraud. Overall, the findings suggest that auditors update their assessment of audit risks after fraud revelation and, thus, adjust their audit pricing and client acceptance decisions. Practical implications The study provides regulators and audit practitioners with insights into how to audit contract characteristics and regulatory intervention (auditor designations) affect auditors’ response to increased audit risks. Originality/value The study contributes to the auditing literature and practice by providing evidence on how auditors respond to the revelation of fraudulent activities and how their response depends on their ability to determine audit fees. Moreover, we provide novel evidence that audit contracting characteristics and regulatory requirements result in different responses of auditors toward changes in audit risks.
Molecular Signatures Associated With the Development of Pulmonary Toxicities in Mesothelioma Patients Treated With Radical Hemithoracic Radiation Therapy

Background. Radical Hemithoracic Radiotherapy (RHR), after lung-sparing surgery, has recently become a concrete therapeutic option for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an asbestos-related, highly aggressive tumor with increasing incidence and poor prognosis. Although the toxicity associated to this treatment has been reduced, it is still not negligible and must be considered when treating patients. Genetic factors appear to play a role determining radiotherapy toxicity. The aim of this study is the identification of genetic markers able to predict the relative susceptibility for newly diagnosed MPM patients to develop lung adverse effects if they were to be treated with RHR. Methods. The study included individuals with MPM, treated with lung-sparing surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by RHR with curative intent, and followed up prospectively for development of pulmonary toxicity. Due to the impact of grade 3 pulmonary toxicities on the quality of life, for further genetic analyses patients were divided into a none or tolerable pulmonary toxicity group (Grade ≤2) and a severe pulmonary toxicity group (Grade=3). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify genetic variants in biological pathways associated to pulmonary toxicity after radiotherapy.Results. We identified crucial pathways driving the lung response to ionizing radiations in patients affected by mesothelioma: by affecting both the fibrinolytic activity and RNA editing pathways, irradiation could be responsible of the severe toxicity events reported by some patients, who present specific mutations in genes involved in these pathways. Conclusions. Our preliminary results could pave the way for the definition of a panel of predictive genomic variants, capable of supporting the management of MPM patients. By allowing for early identification of patients at high risk for treatment-dependent pulmonary toxicity, this predictive tool could play a major role in the design of new therapeutic combinations.
Pretreatment of Oil Palm Frond (OPF) with Ionic Liquid

Pretreatment is the key to unlock the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for cellulosic biofuel production. Increasing attention has been drawn to ionic liquids (ILs) for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass because this approach was considered as a green engineering method over other conventional methods. In this work, Oil palm frond (OPF) was pretreated by using the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [EMIM] Ac at the temperature of 99˚C for 3 hours. The characterization of the untreated and pretreated OPF was conducted by using different techniques which are Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The pretreatment of OPF with [EMIM] Ac was demonstrated to be effective evidenced by the significant reduction of Lateral Order Index (LOI) from FTIR, reduction of Crystallinity Index (CI) based on XRD and the significant morphology changes indicated by SEM. The CI value for the pretreated OPF decreased from 0.47 (untreated sample) to 0.28 while the LOI value decreased from 1.10 to 0.24 after pretreatment with [EMIM]Ac and the SEM morphology showed that the pretreated OPF becomes distorted and disordered.
Application of Psychometric Approach for ASD Evaluation in Russian 3–4-Year-Olds

Background: Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a significant socio-biological problem due to its wide prevalence and negative outcomes. In the current study, we aimed to develop an autism scale for early and accurate differentiation of 3- to 4-year-olds at risk for ASD since there is no systematic monitoring of young children in Russia yet. Methods: The total sample (N = 324) included 116 children with ASD, 131 children without ASD (healthy controls), and 77 children with developmental delay (DD). An online survey of specialists working with children was conducted based on a specially designed autism questionnaire consisting of 85 multiple-choice tasks distributed across 12 domains. Initially, each child was assessed by 434 items using a dichotomous scale (0 = no, 1 = yes). Factor and discriminant analyses were performed to identify a compact set of subscales that most accurately and with sufficient reliability predicted whether a child belongs to the ASD group. Results: As a result, four subscales were obtained: Sensorics, Emotions, Hyperactivity, and Communication. The high discriminability of the subscales in distinguishing the ASD group from the non-ASD group was revealed (accuracy 85.5–87.0%). Overall, the obtained subscales meet psychometric requirements and allow for creating an online screening system for wide application.
Social responsibility of Islamic banks in developing countries: empirical evidence from Egypt

ABSTRACT This study explores Islamic banks’ role in Social Responsibility (SR) in developing countries by focusing on the Faisal Islamic Bank of Egypt (FIBE) as a case study. The paper provides a brief overview of the concept, dimensions, and areas of SR, nature of Islamic banks, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Islamic banks, also outlines how the Islamic banks support the social enterprises with some examples of such enterprises that supported by FIBE. The analysis shows that Islamic banks in general and FIBE, in particular, play an effective role in SR and enhance the development of social enterprises. The study concluded that FIBE has allocated huge funds for SR through participating in several social initiatives and activities, besides Qard-Hasan for needy citizens and its Zakat Fund.
Crystal structure of 1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole 3-oxide, C8H7N3O3

Abstract C8H7N3O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.2526(12) Å, b = 10.0770(18) Å, c = 11.906(2) Å, β = 104.393(3)°, V = 842.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0375, wRref(F2) = 0.0766, T = 293 K.
Machining of titanium alloys for medical application - a review

Titanium alloys for their characteristics have acquired a prominent position in numerous industrial applications. Due to its properties, such as high resistance to corrosion, reduced density, high specific strength, and low Young’s modulus, titanium alloys became indispensable as a biomaterial with high use in medical devices, with special emphasis in the area of orthopedics. Problems associated with its manufacturing by conventional machining processes, such as milling, turning, and drilling are well known and studied. Its low thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity, high hardness at high temperatures make it classified as difficult to machine material. Despite the already extensive knowledge about machining titanium alloys problems, and the constant technological development to overcome them, it is not yet possible to machine this material like other metals. This work is based on research and review papers from Scopus and Scholar from 2010 to 2020 and addresses the main issues related to the machining of titanium alloys used in medical devices manufacturing and current solutions adopted to solve them. From the research consulted it was possible to conclude that it is consensual that for milling, turning, and helical milling cutting speed can reach up to 100 m/min and up to 40 m/min in drilling. As for feed rate, up to 0.1 mm/tooth for milling and helical milling and up to 0.3 mm/rev for turning and 0.1 mm/rev for drilling. Also, that Minimum Quantity Lubrication is a valid and efficient solution to mitigate titanium alloys machining problems.
Exploring Long Non-coding RNA Potential Markers for Prognosis Risk based on Double Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer CeRNA Network

Purpose: The aim of this study is to search for key long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) able to influence the prognosis of double hormone receptor positive (ER+PR+) breast cancer by constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) topology network of RNA-seq data and miRNA-seq data. Materials and methods: Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we downloaded RNA-seq data and miRNA-seq data of ER+PR+ breast cancer and obtained lncRNA-miRNA relationship pairs by comparing with the data in moRcode database. MiRDB, miRTarBase and TargetScan databases were used to predict target genes, and thereby gaining miRNA-mRNA relationship pairs. The ceRNA network was constructed using Cytoscape, then functional enrichment analysis was performed. Cox survival analysis was carried out to explore the potential prognostic lncRNAs.Results: A ceRNA topology network was constructed and six lncRNAs, PSORS1C3, AC010536.2, IQCF5-AS1, AL021707.1, FGD5-AS1, and PART1, were found to be mostly associated with the survival of ER+PR+ breast cancer. Conclusion: Six lncRNAs with prognostic significance were identified in ER+PR+ breast cancer, providing new ideas for the diagnose and treatment of this subtype.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolidinedione Derivative as Novel Antidiabetic Agents

Thiazolidinedione derivative have Antihyperglycemic activity, they are agonists for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), which controls glucose synthesis, transport, and utilization via regulating the transcription of insulin-responsive genes. A number of novel insulin sensitizers are currently being researched. Several of these are derivatives of Thiazolidinedione, but others have different chemical structures. In this work, we created some new Thiazolidinedione derivative based on structure–activity relationship as closely as feasible. The Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione derivatives were manually developed and synthesized using the proper synthetic techniques, then tested in vitro for antihyperglycemic action using the Sucrose loading model (SLM) and the Alloxan induced diabetes model (AIDM). The newly synthesized Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione derivative was characterized using infrared (IR) and proton (H) nuclear magnetic resonance. In this study we found that Compound M-4 has a lot of antihyperglycemic action, thus it's a good idea to think about using it as a lead material for the creation of anti-diabetic drugs.
UK Consumers’ Preferences for Ethical Attributes of Floating Rice: Implications for Environmentally Friendly Agriculture in Vietnam

Vietnam plays an important role in bearing global food security. However, Vietnamese rice farmers face several challenges, including pressures to develop sustainable livelihoods while reducing the environmental impacts of their production activities. Various Vietnamese agricultural restructuring policies were promulgated to promote the adoption of environmentally friendly practices to generate high value added for rice farmers, but the farmers are reluctant to adopt them because of perceived lack of demand. Decreasing consumption of rice in Asia and increasing demands in Europe shaped Vietnamese rice exporting policies. New trade agreements, such as the UK–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement, offer new target markets for Vietnamese rice farmers. This research provides empirical evidence related to the preferences of UK consumers for ethical attributes for floating rice imported from Vietnam. Floating rice represents a traditional method of rice cultivation that relies on the natural flooding cycle. Its cultivation uses very few agrochemical inputs and provides several other environmental, economic, and social benefits. In an online survey, the study used a choice experiment that asked 306 UK consumers to report their preferences for one kilo of floating rice with three non-market attributes: reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, allocation of profits to the farmers, and restitution of biodiversity. Overall, study participants favored the attributes of floating rice, but reported utility for only the “fair trade” attribute and for a marginal willingness to pay premiums for profit allocations to farmers. Consumers did not find value in either CO2 emission reduction or biodiversity improvement. Results from the study provide recommendations to develop agricultural programs, distribution strategies, and informational methods to encourage floating rice consumption in the UK.
Probabilistic Situation Assessment for Intelligent Vehicles with Uncertain Trajectory Distribution

Situation assessment is crucial for intelligent vehicles, enabling detection of potential risks to dynamic and complex traffic environments. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that tackles the coupling relationships between traffic participants and quantifies the possible range of vehicle trajectory generation and the expected losses caused by risk source attributes in the driving process. We first apply the state space trajectory planning scheme based on a sampling algorithm to generate the path candidates; each feasible path is designed through a parametric cubic spline. Then, to evaluate the risk range in the driving process, we quantify the interaction of traffic participants, and employ the principle of least action to calculate the cost of each feasible path when achieving the destination. The probability distribution map, namely the possible range of driving trajectories, can be obtained based on the path cost. Furthermore, the vehicle-to-vehicle interaction is calculated based on the equivalent force, which estimates the expected accident losses. Finally, the vehicle trajectory prediction and the expected loss are combined to output the probabilistic situation assessment of intelligent vehicles. The algorithm is implemented in different scenarios and applied to the trajectory planning process. Results demonstrate that, compared with the classical situation assessment metric, the developed method can determine and accurately identify the influence range of driving risk in real-time, predict a dangerous situation earlier, and ensure the vehicle avoids obstacles in advance.
Discurso de ódio nas redes sociais digitais: tipos e formas de intolerância na página oficial de Jair Bolsonaro no Facebook

Resumo Este artigo analisa os tipos e formas de discurso de ódio presentes na fanpage do político Jair Bolsonaro, entre os anos de 2013 e 2016 — período em que o parlamentar manifestava interesse em concorrer à presidência em 2018. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolvem uma articulação entre Mineração de Dados, Estatística e Análise do Conteúdo (AC) de 3.819. 909 comentários. A extração dos dados foi realizada pelo Netvizz e um software foi desenvolvido exclusivamente para a mineração textual. A AC verificou os tipos de discursos de ódio presentes na página e a forma como os interagentes manifestaram a intolerância. Os resultados mostraram o ódio político-partidário como o mais recorrente, seguido pelo discurso sexista, LGBTfóbico e xenofóbico. As formas de manifestação mais recorrentes foram insultos e xingamentos, estereótipos e generalizações, sentimento de superioridade e ameaças.
A Multilayer Security Framework for Cloud Computing in Internet of Things (IoT) Domain

Cloud computing is a type of emerging computing technology that relies on shared computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. It is an emerging technology that provides services over the internet: Utilizing the online services of different software. Many works have been carried out and various security frameworks relating to the security issues of cloud computing have been proposed in numerous ways. But they do not propose a quantitative approach to analyze and evaluate privacy and security in cloud computing systems. In this research, we try to introduce top security concerns of cloud computing systems, analyze the threats and propose some countermeasures for them. We use a quantitative security risk assessment model to present a multilayer security framework for the solution of the security threats of cloud computing systems. For evaluating the performance of the proposed security framework we have utilized an Own-Cloud platform using a 64-bit quad-core processor based embedded system. Own-Cloud platform is quite literally as any analytics, machine learning algorithms or signal processing techniques can be implemented using the vast variety of Python libraries built for those purposes. In addition, we have proposed two algorithms, which have been deployed in the Own-Cloud for mitigating the attacks and threats to cloud-like reply attacks, DoS/DDoS, back door attacks, Zombie, etc. Moreover, unbalanced RSA based encryption is used to reduce the risk of authentication and authorization. This framework is able to mitigate the targeted attacks satisfactorily.