Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Bone Metastasis in Newly Diagnosed Head and Neck Cancer Patients: A Real-World Data Retrospective Cohort Study From SEER Database

Background: Bone metastasis (BM) is one of the typical metastatic types of head and neck cancer (HNC). The occurrence of BM prevents the HNC patients from obtaining a long survival period. Early assessment of the possibility of BM could bring more therapy options for HNC patients, as well as a longer overall survival time. This study aims to identify independent BM risk factors and develop a diagnostic nomogram to predict BM risk in HNC patients. Methods: Patients diagnosed with HNC between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively evaluated in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and then eligible patients were enrolled in our study. First, those patients were randomly assigned to training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. Second, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the HNC patients’ independent BM risk factors. Finally, the diagnostic nomogram’s risk prediction capacity and clinical application value were assessed using calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves. Results: 39,561 HNC patients were enrolled in the study, and they were randomly divided into two sets: training (n = 27,693) and validation (n = 11,868). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, race, primary site, tumor grade, T stage, N stage, and distant metastases (brain, liver, and lung) were all independent risk predictors of BM in HNC patients. The diagnostic nomogram was created using the above independent risk factors and had a high predictive capacity. The training and validation sets’ area under the curves (AUC) were 0.893 and 0.850, respectively. The AUC values of independent risk predictors were all smaller than that of the constructed diagnostic nomogram. Meanwhile, the calibration curve and DCA also proved the reliability and accuracy of the diagnostic nomogram. Conclusion: The diagnostic nomogram can quickly assess the probability of BM in HNC patients, help doctors allocate medical resources more reasonably, and achieve personalized management, especially for HNC patients with a potentially high BM risk, thus acquiring better early education, early detection, and early diagnosis and treatment to maximize the benefits of patients.
Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges

Ecological chemosensory stimuli almost always evoke responses in more than one sensory system. Moreover, any sensory processing takes place along a hierarchy of brain regions. So far, the field of chemosensory neuroimaging is dominated by studies that examine the role of brain regions in isolation. However, to completely understand neural processing of chemosensation, we must also examine interactions between regions. In general, the use of connectivity methods has increased in the neuroimaging field, providing important insights to physical sensory processing, such as vision, audition, and touch. A similar trend has been observed in chemosensory neuroimaging, however, these established techniques have largely not been rigorously applied to imaging studies on the chemical senses, leaving network insights overlooked. In this article, we first highlight some recent work in chemosensory connectomics and we summarize different connectomics techniques. Then, we outline specific challenges for chemosensory connectome neuroimaging studies. Finally, we review best practices from the general connectomics and neuroimaging fields. We recommend future studies to develop or use the following methods we perceive as key to improve chemosensory connectomics: (1) optimized study designs, (2) reporting guidelines, (3) consensus on brain parcellations, (4) consortium research, and (5) data sharing.
Abattoir Wastewater Treatment Plants in India: Understanding and Performance Evaluation

Slaughterhouse plants, especially meat and poultry products (MPPs), generate significant quantities of wastewater during the slaughtering process and the cleaning of machinery. The handling and final disposal of wastewater from the slaughterhouse is a public and environmental health issue due to its pollution potential. The monitoring of three full-scale buffalo meat-based abattoir effluent treatment plants (ETPs) to remove organic matter and nutrients was conducted at three separate sites in India. Rotary and static screens, an equalization tank, a dissolved air flotation (DAF) system, aeration tanks, and clarifiers were the component unit operations/processes of the wastewater treatment systems. All the treatment plants were operating at an average flow rate of 254 m3/d Meem Agro (designed capacity 500 m3/d); 427 m3/d Al Noor (designed capacity 500 m3/d), and 353 m3/d International Agro Foods (IAF) plant (designed capacity 750 m3/d) for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater. The Al Noor and Meem Agro’s ETP consisted of a DAF unit working at the surface-loading rates of 5.7 and 1.48 m3/m2 h, respectively, applied during the analysis to the DAF system, resulting in 46.5 and 56.8% efficiencies of O&G and SS removal. The ETP of Al Noor and Meem Agro and IAF was loaded at an organic loading rate of 276 kg COD/day, 746 kg COD/day, and 629 kg COD/day, respectively. Performance of ETPs showed that the efficiency of total COD, total BOD, and TSS removal was 97, 98, and 99%; 94, 94, and 93%, and 95, 98, and 99% for Al Noor, Meem Agro, and IAF plants, respectively. The treatment plants’ efficiencies in all three plants for the removal of organic matter surpassed the effluent discharge level (as per Indian standards). Still, it is concluded that the ETPs need to be upgraded by incorporating the advanced wastewater treatment methods for the removal of nutrient concentration from treated effluents.
Synthesis, Screening and Characterization of Novel Potent Arp2/3 Inhibitory Compounds Analogous to CK-666

Branched actin networks polymerized by the Actin-related protein 2 and 3 (Arp2/3) complex play key roles in force generation and membrane remodeling. These networks are particularly important for cell migration, where they drive membrane protrusions of lamellipodia. Several Arp2/3 inhibitory compounds have been identified. Among them, the most widely used is CK-666 (2-Fluoro-N-[2-(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-benzamide), whose mode of action is to prevent Arp2/3 from reaching its active conformation. Here 74 compounds structurally related to CK-666 were screened using a variety of assays. The primary screen involved EdU (5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine) incorporation in untransformed MCF10A cells. The resulting nine positive hits were all blocking lamellipodial protrusions and cell migration in B16-F1 melanoma cells in secondary screens, showing that cell cycle progression can be a useful read-out of Arp2/3 activity. Selected compounds were also characterized on sea urchin embryos, where Arp2/3 inhibition yields specific phenotypes such as the lack of triradiate spicules and inhibition of archenteron elongation. Several compounds were filtered out due to their toxicity in cell cultures or on sea urchin development. Two CK-666 analogs, 59 (N-{2-[5-(Benzyloxy)-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl] ethyl}-3-bromobenzamide) and 69 (2,4-Dichloro-N-[2-(7-chloro-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl) ethyl]-5-[(dimethylamino) sulfonyl] benzamide), were active in all assays and significantly more efficient in vivo than CK-666. These best hits with increased in vivo potency were, however, slightly less efficient in vitro than CK-666 in the classical pyrene-actin assay. Induced-fit docking of selected compounds and their possible metabolites revealed interaction with Arp2/3 that suppresses Arp2/3 activation. The data obtained in our screening validated the applicability of original assays for Arp2/3 activity. Several previously unexplored CK-666 structural analogs were found to suppress Arp2/3 activation, and two of them were identified as Arp2/3 inhibitors with improved in vivo efficiency.
Systematic Review: Heat Treatments on Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Quality of Malaysian Mushroom: Oyster (Pleurotus spp.) and Black Jelly (Auricularia spp.)

Pleurotus spp. and Auricularia spp. are popular species consumed by the Malaysian community. Recently, due to increased awareness, both mushrooms are also being consumed for their bioactive compounds, ergothioneine, and antioxidant properties and has been used since earlier ages as therapeutic remedies. The bioactive compounds such as phenol, flavonoid and ergothioneine found in both Pleurotus and Auricularia mushrooms were explored. Differences in heat treatments (microwave, hot air drying, and solar drying) and cooking methods may affect the content of bioactive compounds and their properties. Similarly, sensory acceptance by consumers may be affected too. Antioxidant properties using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay of both raw and heat-treated mushrooms are included. Microwave drying retained color characteristics and bioactive compounds in both mushrooms. To add value to this review, a survey on the consumption pattern of Pleurotus and Auricularia species among Malaysians has been conducted online and concluded that Pleurotus species is the most considered species compared to Auricularia mushroom and almost half of the respondents were not aware that heat may deplete nutritional contents in mushroom despite agreeing both gave beneficial health in diets.
Numerical solution of Feller’s equation

This article is devoted to Feller ’s diﬀusion equation which arises naturally in probabilities and physics ( e.g. wave turbulence theory). If discretized naively, this equation may represent serious numerical diﬃculties since the diﬀusion coeﬃcient is practically unbounded and most of its solutions are weakly divergent at the origin. In order to overcome these diﬃculties we reformulate this equation using some ideas from the Lagrangian ﬂuid mechanics. This allows us to obtain a numerical scheme with a rather generous stability condition. Finally, the algorithm admits an elegant implementation and the corresponding Matlab code is provided with this article under an open source license.
Surface charge influence on the flashover voltage of composite insulator model working at HVDC

The paper presents the results of research on the influence of the electric charge deposited on composite insulators models on DC flashover voltage. The influence of the charge on the flashover voltage was observed on the level of 0-18%. That influence depended on the insulator position. There was no visible influence (occurrence of any regularity) of core and housing material on a flashover voltage. Streszczenie. Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu ładunku elektrycznego zgromadzonego na modelach izolatorów kompozytowych na napięcie przeskoku przy narażaniu napięciem stałym. Wpływ ładunku na napięcie przeskoku był na poziomie 0-18%. Wpływ ten zależał od położenia izolatora. Nie było żadnego widocznego wpływu (wystąpienia jakichkolwiek regularności) materiału rdzenia i powłoki na napięcie przeskoku (Wpływ powierzchniowego ładunku elektrycznego na napięcie przeskoku modelu izolatora kompozytowego przy narażeniu napięciu stałym).
Die Rotation des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners als Instrument zur Steigerung der Prüfungsqualität

Um die Unabhängigkeit des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners in der betriebswirtschaftlichen Abschlussprüfung zu stärken und die Prüfungsqualität zu erhöhen sind nationalen und internationalen Regulierungsinstanzen zufolge Maßnahmen, wie die Rotation des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners (auch interne Rotation genannt), erforderlich. Aufbauend auf der Analyse von Ergebnissen aus Studien zu den Themen der internen Rotation, der Unabhängigkeit des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners sowie der Prüfungsqualität und ihren Einﬂussfaktoren, wird die Debatte um die Effektivität der internen Rotation in dieser Arbeit fortgeführt. Im Zentrum der Diskussion steht dabei die konkrete Frage, ob die Rotation des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners ein effektives Instrument zur Steigerung der Prüfungsqualität ist. Aufgrund der Diversität der Umweltbedingungen auf den Prüfungsmärkten, an denen der Einﬂuss der internen Rotation untersucht wurde, ist zunächst kein generelles Urteil zur Beantwortung der Leitfrage möglich. Die jüngsten Ergebnisse auf dem deutschen Prüfungsmarkt lassen schließlich unter den gegebenen Bedingungen vermuten, dass der Effekt der neuesten Regelungen zur Rotation des verantwortlichen Prüfungspartners eine weniger starke Steigerung der Prüfungsqualität herbeiführt als vergleichbare Rotationsvorschriften an Prüfungsmärkten in anderen Ländern.
Is Standard Urine Bag or Urofix? Which is More Usefull in Surgical Nursing Care? Accuracy of Urine Output

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the accuracy of urine output measurement performed by standard urine bags and urofix. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at a 22-bed urology unit. Urine volume was measured either by a standard urine bag or urofix, verified by scaled container measurements in patients dressed with urinary catheter and expected to stay with it for 24 hours or more. In total, 1048 measurements were obtained for 131 patients. Results: The difference between median, maximum and minimum values of urine volumes from the scaled container and nurse’s forecast was evaluated for each of 4 measurements. When the urine volume was measured with the standard urine bag, the average volume was 550 cc in the first measurement while it was 300 cc with urofix. Mean values for the second, third and fourth measurements with standard urine bag and urofix were as follows respectively; 590 cc and 335 cc, 500 cc and 300 cc, 600 cc and 300 cc. The difference was statistically significant in all measurements (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, urofix was the most reliable method for measuring urine output and fluid management. Furthermore, if the patient has a standard urine bag, it is recommended to confirm the urine output with a scaled container.
Adiponectin serum levels in female dogs bearing mammary gland carcinomas

Adipose tissue is currently recognized as a complex organ with endocrine, metabolic and immune regulatory roles, releasing over 20 hormones and signaling molecules termed adipokines or adipocytokines, that act locally in an autocrine and paracrine way but also peripherally in an endocrine fashion (Booth et al., 2015; Katira and Tan, 2016). Amongst these bioactive molecules, adiponectin (APN) is the only adipokine with an inverse relationship with fat mass and therefore is abundant in lean individuals (German et al., 2010; Ricci and Bevilacqua, 2012). Adiponectin has been proposed as having key roles in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cancers along with other diseases such as type 2 diabetes (Dalamaga et al., 2012). Under normal circumstances adiponectin presents anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects (Booth et al., 2015). 
Macro-economics of algae products : Output WP2A7.02

This report is part of the EnAlgae Workpackage 2, Action 7, directed at the economics of algae production. The goal of this report is to highlight potential markets for algae. Per type of algae market the market size, product alternatives, constraints and prices are highlighted. Based on these market characteristics a conclusion is drawn on the market potential for algae products. Per market desk research is done and literature is consulted to create a reliable market outlook.
Coevolution of economic and ecological systems An application to agricultural pesticide resistance

This paper analyzes a model of economy–environment coevolution in which economic activities induce the genetic evolution of a biological species. This model is applied to the problem of pesticide resistance management. Just as in Munro ( Environ Resour Econ , 9:429–449, 1997), we consider three main types of interactions: (1) a large pest population reduces economic revenues, (2) economic activities select for resistant genes and (3) the spread of resistant genes affects the size of the pest population. The model differs from Munro in that it includes evolutionary modeling of economic strategies. Economic agents are assumed to be boundedly rational, i.e they cannot compute the optimal level of pesticide use that minimizes resistance among pests. Economic evolution represents the change in the distribution of pesticide strategies in the population of economic agents and is modeled by a replicator dynamics equation. The interactions between economic evolution of pesticide strategies, pest population dynamics and genetic evolution of resistance of pests are studied in a system of three differential equations. We explore the dynamics and stability properties of the system using numerical simulations.
Dairy Cattle Behaviour in Different Housing Systems

Dairy cattle housing are designed in different ways. Generally, the tie-stall housing systems, free-stall housing systems and loose housing systems are used in dairy cattle. Loose barn and free-stall barn systems have spread in recent years. Nowadays, housing types and building designs are come into prominence as the main trend in shelters planning for improving the animal welfare. Animal behaviours and environmental factors affect the herd management and shelter design in dairy cows company widely. When the animals are free in the housing area, cows stress reduces and productivity and animal welfare rise. Dairy cattle spent more time standing in freestall housing system according to the loose barn. As the lying bout is extended in the total time budget of dairy cattle, milk production is increased. Along with each hour increase of resting time is predicted to increase by 1.7 kg in milk production (Allen et al., 2013). In this review, studies conducted on the behaviour of dairy cattle in different housing systems were summarized owing to coming into the forefront appropriate shelter design to animal behaviour in dairy cattle breeding.
Associating the Impact of Smart Home Technologies on Privacy

Smart home is the general term commonly used to represent a resident that uses a home controller to integrate the resident’s home automation systems. It is promising social, economical, environmental and other benefits such as computing elasticity, scalability and cost efficiency. However, every generation of technology opens the door to new opportunities but also opens the door to new challenges, thus, smart home with all these benefits also comes with the critical concerns of data privacy. The main characteristic of smart home is the prevalence of devices, sensors, readers, and applications which have the potential to collect a multiple stream of data types of individuals as they move through such environments. The possibilities to identify objects may lead to an automatic identification of persons that are directly or indirectly related to these objects. Failure to properly address this problem can cause considerable damage to company’s reputation, income and other costs as well as negative effects for data subjects. This paper tries to associate the impact of the use of smart home technologies on privacy. The study explores the state-of-the-art on the way towards the smart home, the application fields that have already proved their potential for realising the vision and promises related to the new technology, the growing market and challenges that have to be addressed. The success and sustainability of smart home will depend on how privacy and other rights of individuals can be protected and how individuals can feel confident to trust the intelligent world that surrounds them. This study addresses these issues by analysing scenarios for smart home applications that have been developed over the last few years. It elaborates the assumptions that promoters make about the likely use of the technology and possibly unwanted side effects. The paper analyses number of threats for personal privacy that become evident and assessed their impact rate on individuals and companies. It also reviews current legal legislations in data privacy and finalizes by introducing some of the ongoing research efforts that address smart home privacy issues.
Time replacement optimization model: comparative analysis of urban transport fleets using monte carlo simulation

“Replacement decision” is a classical operation research topic in the industrial engineering. The replacement theory can indicate the optimal equipment life. “Optimal life” can be defined as the period between the time when the equipment comes into service and the time when it should be replaced due economic reasons. The operating cost of an equipment or asset generally rises as their condition deteriorates over time. When the cost reaches a certain level, the long-run costs associated with investment in a new equipment become less than those if keeping the old equipment [6]. At this point, replacement is carried out. Thus, a basic replacement analysis usually examines both the trend in operating and maintenance costs (O&M) and the net cost of replacement, which is defined as the difference between the cost of the new equipment and the salvage value of the old one. In some cases, the replacement analysis also considers the resale value of the equipment at various stages of its service life. For fleet replacement, the literature suggests two kinds of models: economic engineering (EE) and operational research (OR) models[12, 16]. EE models are restricted to economic and financial aspects, with technological, management and strategic variables considered as exogenous. This limitations force management to avoid formal investment analysis and to use unstructured subjective analysis [5]. Traditional OR models focus on a single objective to be maximized/minimized by modeling multiple variables. These methodologies are complemented by a management tool used for decision-making known as conventional Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCC)[2]. According to Nowakowski [15] and other authors [7, 18], mathematical models of life cycle costs can be classified into three basic groups: models dedicated to technical objects’ manufacturers that are • designed to minimize the costs that occurred in the early stages of its lifetime, models aimed to minimize the lifetime cost of the facilities • already in operation, models oriented to customers willing to purchase a new techni• cal object.