Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Predictive Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Integrated Power, Propulsion, and Thermal Management System

Increasing electrification of air vehicles presents challenges to the energy management of their coupled electric power, propulsion, and thermal systems. Notably, the complexity and multi-timescale nature of this class of systems make it difficult to design control algorithms that can simultaneously optimize dynamics across each energy domain. The unique contribution of this work is the design and experimental validation of a hierarchical model predictive controller that coordinates the electro-mechano-thermal dynamics of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) integrated power, propulsion, and thermal management system. To support this contribution, a novel UAV energy system testbed is introduced. A graph-based framework is used to model the multi-domain dynamics of the UAV. To estimate the states of the experimental platform, a decentralized observer is described. When compared to a baseline approach, the hierarchical control strategy results in a higher performing and more reliable closed-loop system while decreasing fuel utilization by approximately 16%.
Topical Formulation of Nano Spray-Dried Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride against Allergic Edema

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride active ingredient was microencapsulated using nano spray-drying technology for preparing microparticles containing topical gel against edema. Hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) was used as a carrier polymer during spray drying. The active ingredient content of the nano spray-dried products was 52.81% (w/w) and 51.33% (w/w) for ex vivo and in vivo experiments, respectively, and the average particle size was 2.6 µm. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated an amorphous state of the active ingredient embedded in the amorphous matrix of the polymer. Dermal oil gels composed of Miglyol 812 gelated by Dermofeel viscolid included 5% (w/w) (for ex vivo) and 10% (w/w) (for in vivo) active ingredient without or with 0.05% (w/w) menthol penetration enhancer. Qualitative ex vivo penetration studies using a confocal Raman microscopic correlation mapping were executed on human abdominal skin. The results showed that the active ingredient was enriched in the epidermis and upper dermis layer of the skin using oleogel loaded with the nano spray-dried drug-HPMC composite. Menthol addition to the oleogel resulted in the concentration of levocetirizine in the dermis. In vivo tests were performed on a mouse model of croton oil-induced ear edema. Negative control and Fenistil-treated groups were compared using the prepared oil gels with and without menthol. Without penetration enhancer, 20 µL of our oil gel loaded with nano spray-dried levocetirizine dihydrochloride composite showed similar effectiveness to the same volume of Fenistil gel, while 5 µL menthol containing sample was sufficient to eliminate the skin irritation similarly to 20 µL Fenistil.
Is the Frobenius matrix norm induced?

In this paper we answer the question of whether (or not) there exist normed input-output vector spaces that induce the Frobenius matrix norm. Specifically, using the notion of dual norms we show that, up to a scalar multiple, the maximum singular value is the only unitarily invariant induced norm. As a special case of this result, it follows that the Frobenius matrix norm is not induced.
Nonlinear control system design via dynamic order reduction

In this paper we present a design scheme for output tracking of nonlinear systems that are subject to regular perturbations. We show that applications of singular perturbation theory to the input-output feedback linearization technique provides a systematic method to identify the slow "dominant" states and fast "negligible" states. Similar to the backstepping design technique, a suitable state variable is converted into a "control like" variable which in the steady state is forced to approach the desired tracking control law for the reduced order system. We show that this design achieves stable approximate tracking of reasonable reference trajectories for nonlinear systems that are "dominantly" minimum phase. The order of approximation can be arbitrarily improved by addition of correction terms in the control law. The main advantage of this approach is that the design is often performed for a much simpler model which is linear in the new control variable and describes the dominant part of the original system by ignoring some of the fast states that are forced to have little effect on the steady state performance. <<ETX>>
Electron density tomography with Compton-scattered radiation

A tomographical imaging system capable of reproducing electron density distributions of an irradiated object plane via measurement of the Compton scattered radiation is presented as a potential contender for portal imaging. The method which imposes minimal constraints on the measurement apparatus unlike most scanning methods is capable of density reconstruction with limited projections of scattered photon energy spectra acquired under conditions of wide angle source and detector collimation. As such, density reconstruction becomes a nonlinear inverse problem. This problem is presented along with a discussion on potential solution strategies to confine the impact of solution instability.
Polynomial-Time Semi-Rankable Sets

We study the polynomial-time semi-rankable sets (P-sr), the ranking analog of the P-selective sets. We prove that P-sr is a strict subset of the P-selective sets, and indeed that the two classes differ with respect to closure under complementation, closure under union with P sets, closure under join with P sets, and closure under P-isomorphism. While P/poly is equal to the closure of P-selective sets under polynomial-time Turing reductions, we build a tally set that is not polynomial-time reducible to any P-sr set. We also show that though P-sr falls between the P-rankable and the weakly-P-rankable sets in its inclusiveness, it equals neither of these classes.
A comparison between the efficacy of eccentric exercise and extracorporeal shock wave therapy on tendon thickness, vascularity, and elasticity in Achilles tendinopathy: A randomized controlled trial

Objectives This study aims to compare the efficacy of the eccentric exercise (EE) and extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy and evaluate the efficacy of these treatment modalities on tendon thickness, vascularity, and elasticity. Patients and methods In this randomized controlled trial, a total of 63 patients (40 females, 23 males; mean age: 37.3±12.2; range, 18 to 55 years) with chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy were enrolled between April 2017 and December 2019. The patients were allocated randomly to two groups: the first group was treated with EE every day for three months with the Alfredson protocol, and the second group received four sessions of ESWT at weekly intervals. The study was terminated at the end of three months. Visual Analog Scales (VAS), Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) questionnaires, and ultrasonography measurements were assessed before and after treatment. Patient pain was evaluated at the two-year follow-up. Results At the three-month follow up, VAS scores decreased, and VISA-A scores increased in both groups (p<0.001). At the two-year-follow-up, VAS scores significantly decreased in the EE group (p<0.001), but the difference was statistically insignificant in the ESWT group (p=0.095). Tendon thickness and stiffness increased in the EE group (p=0.003 and p=0.03, respectively) while the difference was statistically insignificant in the ESWT group after treatment (p=0.173 and p=0.702, respectively). Conclusion Eccentric exercise and ESWT are efficient in the short term, whereas EE is efficient on tendon pain in the long term. While EE increases tendon thickness and stiffness, ESWT has no effect on these measures.
Problems and Strategies: A Study of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Chinese Undergraduates in the Philippines

Investigating the intercultural adaptation of Chinese undergraduates in the Philippines provides an effective example of bridging the gap between theories of intercultural adaptation. A questionnaire and interviews were conducted to explore the problems and challenges faced by Chinese undergraduates in the Philippines, thereby providing some first-hand information for subsequent studies on cultural adaptation. Chinese undergraduates in the Philippines faced four main challenges, namely interpersonal communication, living environment, social services, and course study. As coping strategies, four suggestions are presented, including cultural integration, life experience, bridge building, and rational docking.
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(lactic acid) Composites with Organosolv Lignin

Lignin, being one of the main structural components of lignocellulosic biomass, is considered the most abundant natural source of phenolics and aromatics. Efforts for its valorisation were recently explored as it is mostly treated as waste from heat/energy production via combustion. Among them, polymer-based lignin composites are a promising approach to both valorise lignin and to fine tune the properties of polymers. In this work, organosolv lignin, from beech wood, was used as fillers in a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. The PLA/lignin composites were prepared using melt mixing of masterbatches with neat PLA in three different lignin contents: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 wt%. Lignin was used as-isolated, via the organosolv biomass pretreatment/fractionation process and after 8 h of ball milling. The composites were characterised with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, their antioxidant activity was assessed with the 2,2-Diphenyil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, the colour was measured with a colorimeter and the mechanical properties were evaluated with tensile testing. Ball milling, at least under the conditions applied in this study, did not induce a further substantial decrease in the already relatively small organosolv lignin primary particles of ~1 μm. All the produced PLA/lignin composites had a uniform dispersion of lignin. Compression-moulded films were successfully prepared, and they were coloured brown, with ball-milled lignin, giving a slightly lighter colour in comparison with the as-received lignin. Hydrogen bonding was detected between the components of the composites, and crystallization of the PLA was suppressed by both lignin, with the suppression being less pronounced by the ball-milled lignin. All composites showed a significantly improved antioxidant activity, and their mechanical properties were maintained for filler content 1 wt%.
A model problem for Mean Field Games on networks

In [14], Gueant, Lasry and Lions considered the model problem ``What time does meeting start? '' as a prototype for a general class of optimization problems with a continuum of players, called Mean Field Games problems. In this paper we consider a similar model, but with the dynamics of the agents defined on a network. We discuss appropriate transition conditions at the vertices which give a well posed problem and we present some numerical results.
A micro-mechanical study of coarsening and rheology of colloidal gels: Cage building, cage hopping, and Smoluchowski's ratchet

We study via theory and dynamical simulation the evolving structure, particle dynamics, and time-dependent rheological properties of an aging colloidal gel, with a focus on the micro-mechanics that drive coarsening and age-related changes in linear-response behavior. When colloids in suspension attract one another, the attractions can lead to phase separation into particle-rich and particle-poor regions separated by a single interface. But this transition is sometimes interrupted before full separation occurs. With certain particle concentrations and interparticle potentials, the attractions that promote phase separation also inhibit it, frustrating the separation and “freezing in” a nonequilibrium particle configuration, resulting in a space-spanning gel. With attractions on the order of a few kT, gelation can produce nonfractal bicontinuous morphologies. In such “reversible” gels, thermal fluctuations are strong enough to rupture bonds and reform new ones, allowing restructuring of the gel over time. Bu.
An efficient and flexible approach to the calculation of three‐dimensional full‐wave Fréchet kernels for seismic tomography—II. Numerical results

SUMMARY Seismic tomography has been developed largely on the basis of the Born approximation, in which any waveform-derived seismic observable, such as a perturbation in traveltime, is linearly related to the local perturbation of a model parameter, such as the speed of a seismic wave. This relation defines a Frechet kernel which can be expressed as the convolution of two strain Green's tensors from the source and receiver to the perturbation location. We develop a new approach for computing the Frechet kernels using pre-calculated databases of strain Green's tensors. After deriving the general expressions of Frechet kernels in terms of the strain Green's tensors, we obtain specific expressions for the sensitivities of traveltime and amplitude to both isotropic and anisotropic perturbations of the elastic moduli. We also derive the Frechet kernels of the SKS-splitting intensity for anisotropic model parameters. Numerical examples of Frechet kernels are presented for a variety of seismic phases to demonstrate the efficiency and flexibility of this new approach and its potential for both regional and global finite-frequency tomography applications.
Values of Nerve Transfer in Upper Limb Nerve Injury

Background :Nerve transfer surgery involves taking nerve branches from a neighboring nerve and redirecting them to the distal end of the injured nerve . the aim of the study is to evaluate outcomes of nerve transfer surgeries and their outcomes as a method of nerve repair , the patients were tested for full labs and pre operative EMG and nerve conduction tests ,MRI were done the procedures were followed for about 6months and comparing motor power according to scale of medical research council and DASH score preoperatively and post operatively the results on 20 patients were done at zagazig university hospitals The mean age of the studied patients was 23.3 ±11.3 years, more than half had an injury at the brachial plexus (55.0%) The most frequent procedure done was Spianl accessory Nerve to Supra scapular nerve transfer (31.9%), followed by anterior interosseous nerve to the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve transfer (26.5%), Postoperatively, about one third (32.4%) had M5 muscle power according to Medical Research Council scale (MRC) and M4 muscle power 26.5% compared to preoperatively two-thirds (61.8%) had M0 muscle power, and about one-third (38.2%) had M1 muscle according to motor power scale, The median DASH score declined from 30 pre-operative to 26 postoperative (P = 0.001) . conclusion Nerve transfer is a good method of nerve repair with best outcome on proper time of intervention and strict rehabilitation program
Two-mode Networks: Inference with as Many Parameters as Actors and Differential Privacy

Many network data encountered are two-mode networks. These networks are characterized by having two sets of nodes and links are only made between nodes belonging to diﬀerent sets. While their two-mode feature triggers interesting interactions, it also increases the risk of privacy exposure, and it is essential to protect sensitive information from being disclosed when releasing these data. In this paper, we introduce a weak notion of edge diﬀerential privacy and propose to release the degree sequence of a two-mode network by adding non-negative Laplacian noises that satisﬁes this privacy deﬁnition. Under mild conditions for an exponential-family model for bipartite graphs in which each node is individually parameterized, we establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of two diﬀerential privacy estimators, the ﬁrst based on moment equations and the second after denoising the noisy sequence. For the latter, we develop an eﬃcient algorithm which produces a readily useful synthetic bipartite graph. Numerical simulations and a real data application are carried out to verify our theoretical results and demonstrate the usefulness of our proposal.
Preparation of biscuits from cassava, chickpeas and common beans flour for celiac disease patients

The current study was carried out to prepare gluten-free biscuits of high quality for celiac illness patients. Gluten-free biscuit blends contain cassava, chickpeas, and common beans flour is an innovative and highly nutritious food. The chemical analyses as minerals, and amino acids of cassava, chickpeas, and common bean flour were estimated. Also, chemically analyze for cassava chickpeas, and common bean flour were estimated and results showed that ash, protein, fat and fiber contents were higher in all raw materials. Also, lysine and isoleucine were higher in chickpea and common bean flour compared to cassava flour. Also, cassava flour contained a higher amount of valine, threonine, leucine , and phenylalanine.Therefore, all sensory characteristics of free gluten biscuit blends B1, B2, B3 and B4 prepared from cassava, chickpeas and common beans flour were appropriate for panelists. Also, blend (4) had the highest hardness compared to B1, B2 and B3, made from 40% cassava flour, 40% chickpeas flour and 20% common bean flour. As a result, it could prepare some bakery foods using raw materials free of gluten such cassava, chickpeas, and common bean flour with high quality that are suitable for celiac ailment patients.
Volumetric Reconstruction Technique for Multiple Parallel Circular Orbits CT

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a new volumetric reconstruction technique for cone beam computed tomography (CT) system with multiple parallel circular orbits, which can be used to suppress the cone-beam artifacts, permit the reconstruction of limited angle projections and decrease the noise. Methods: This technique includes two steps. Firstly the volume was reconstructed by the super-short-scan algorithm for each orbit. Then the multiple reconstructed volumes were weighted averaging in frequency domain to get the final results. In this step, the overlap situation of the imaging regions was analyzed and parameterized to implement the weighted averaging operation. Numerical simulations with the well-known FORBILD thorax phantom were executed to validate the proposed approach. Results: The slice images of the numerical phantom were reconstructed successfully. It demonstrates that the proposed method has the potential to realize the reconstruction of limited angle projections, decrease cone beam artifacts and improve the noise performance. Conclusion: This new method would be of interest for the development of new CT imaging devices.
A UBV PHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF THE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 654.

Photographic UBV magnitudes and colors are presented for 83 stars in the region of the young open cluster NGC 654, which Stone (1977) determined to have nonzero membership probabilities. It is noted that one-third of these stars lie outside the cluster nuclear region, indicating the presence of a stellar corona. Further, the coronal stars can be used to investigate the known variable reddening in a cluster region much larger than considered in previous photometric studies. It is found that over the extended region, the reddening varies from E(B-V) = 0.77 to 1.13 magnitudes with several stars having larger reddenings, and a variable-extinction analysis gives an averaged absorption ratio of R = 2.9 + or - 0.6 (s.e.) which is in good agreement with an earlier study by Turner (1976). In addition, attention is given to the cluster H-R diagram, a study of the nuclear and coronal cluster regions, and a comparison of the cluster luminosity function with the Initial Luminosity Function of Sandage (1957).
Colouring of ( P 3 ∪ P 2 ) -free graphs

The class of 2 K 2 -free graphs and its various subclasses have been studied in a variety of contexts. In this paper, we are concerned with the colouring of ( P 3 ∪ P 2 ) free graphs, a super class of 2 K 2 -free graphs. We derive a O (ω 3 ) upper bound for the chromaticnumber of ( P 3 ∪ P 2 ) -freegraphs, andsharper bounds for ( P 3 ∪ P 2 , diamond)-free graphs and for ( 2 K 2 , diamond)-free graphs, where ω denotes the clique number. The last two classes are perfect if ω ≥ 5 and ≥ 4 respectively.
Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Optimal Economic Growth

A problem of existence and characterization of solutions of optimal growth models in many sector economies is studied The social utility to be optimized is a generalized form of a preference depending additively on consumption at the different dates of the planning period. The optimization b rattrirted to a set of admissible growth paths defined by production-investment-consumption relations described by a system of differential equations. Sufficient conditions are given for existence of a solution in a Hilbert space of paths, without convexity assumptions on either the utilities of the technology, using techniques of nonlinear functional analysis. A characterization is given of the utilities which re continuous with respect to the Hilbert space norm. Under convexity assumptions a characteristic is also given of optimal and efficient solutions by competitive prices.
Least-order representation of control-oriented flow estimation exemplified for the fluidic pinball

Deep learning has been widely utilized to accurately estimate the flow state from the sparse sensor measurements. Yet there is still a lack of understanding of the actual dimension of this type of regression problem. In this study, we propose an Autoencoder (AE) based estimation method to tackle the control-oriented, sensor-based flow estimation problem. This method encodes the input information into a few-nodes bottleneck, then decodes the compressed information to the estimated the flow state. This network stands for the least order representation of the input-output relationship. We choose the fluidic pinball as the benchmark problem which contains multiple-input and multiple-output. The rotations of three cylinders in the flow generates rich flow physics. Consequently, strong non-linearity arises between input measurements and output flow state. For fair comparison the Deep Neural Network (DNN) is also employed to highlight the influence of the encoding-decoding process in AE. The results show that when the flow is periodic, the input vector can be effectively encoded into a five-dimensional subspace without a significant loss of estimation accuracy. However, the five-dimensional encoding will eliminate partial information from the input vector when the forced flow becomes chaotic, resulting in a lower estimation accuracy than DNN.
Precession driven dynamos

The dynamo effect is demonstrated numerically in precession driven flow in a spherical container. Both laminar as well as unstable flows act as dynamos. At low Ekman numbers in unstable flows, the dynamo mechanism relies predominantly on the components of the flow excited by instabilities. All calculations are performed in a frame of reference attached to the boundaries. In this frame, the rotation axis of the fluid executes a periodic motion with a period equal to the rotation period of the boundaries, whereas the magnetic dipole moment undergoes slower variations interrupted by reversals.