Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design, installation, and monitoring of safe crossing points for bats on a new highway scheme in Wales

The greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum) is strictly protected under European Union (EU) and United Kingdom (UK) legislation. This serves to ensure that the species (as well as its roosting sites and feeding habitat) receives strict protection and that appropriate monitoring of populations will be undertaken. The Milton-Carew-Sageston area of West Wales (UK) has been shown to be utilized by much of the Welsh population of greater horseshoe bats. Potentially, therefore, anything which significantly affects this area could have an important impact upon the survival of this population. A proposed road scheme, the A477 Sageston to Redberth Bypass, was to pass through a mosaic of pasture, hedgerows, marshy stream courses, and small woodlands, which constitutes near optimal foraging habitat and dispersal routes for bats. Greater horseshoe bats had been shown to cross the existing road in several locations, and there were known to be nine principal greater horseshoe bat roosts within 2.5 km of the study area. In order to reduce the likelihood of the bats being killed on the new road, it was necessary to discourage the bats from foraging along the road verge, while simultaneously providing safe and attractive crossing points, at locations where the bats were already known to cross the route of the proposed road. This involved: (i) the maintenance of attractive linear features (lines of trees, hedgerows, etc.) perpendicular to the route to lure the bats away from the road; (ii) a relatively wide verge of poor quality habitat (e.g., amenity grassland, hard standing, etc.) directly adjacent to the carriageway (and for some distance along it) to discourage the bats from foraging along the road; (iii) safe crossing points at culverts underneath the road on the alignment of existing flight lines; and (iv) the omission or alteration of street lighting at crossing points to be retained so that these areas remain in relative darkness. The exact location of the tunnels, the planting leading to them, and the engineering design of the tunnel approaches were developed by an integrated team of ecologists and engineers. The measures were installed in 2002, and the road opened to traffic in 2003. The success of the mitigation measures have been monitored through bat activity surveys in 2003 and 2004, and the tunnels are proving to be extremely effective in allowing bats to cross the road safely. No records of bat/vehicle collisions have been recorded. Information is also provided on other schemes in Wales which have involved the provision of safe crossing points and mitigation for horseshoe bats
Button Sized Wearable Antenna Design for ISM Frequency Bands

A button-shaped wearable antenna is presented for Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) frequency bands. This is incorporated by two radiating patches on both sides of the button shaped Rogers 5880 dielectric substrate. It is situated on the top of a cotton textile substrate and a conductive textile below this textile is used as ground. The simulation is done in FIT based CST studio suite software without and with a human phantom wrist for analyzing the antenna characteristics. It shows distinct radiation patterns for the ISM frequency bands, i.e. at 2.4 GHz band and at 5.4 GHz band. Two operating bands are observed from 2.41 GHz to 2.49 GHz and from 5.2 GHz to 5.7 GHz. Radiation patterns and surface currents at the desired frequencies are studied. The analyzed Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values are satisfactory and within limits for medical applications.
Reconfigurable Wideband Monopole Radiator using Paper Substrate for Bluetooth/ISM Band Applications

Reconfigurable antennas are required to be upgraded with the extensive utilisation for wireless and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This works deals with compact and cost-effective antenna design that operates in multiple frequencies by the use of switching circuits. These switching circuits are the PIN diodes connected between the main radiator, the inverse L-shaped radiator and a U-shaped radiator. The four switching states of PIN diodes i.e., "ON-ON", "ON-OFF", "OFF-ON" and "OFF-OFF" connect and disconnect the radiators to provide multi-band frequencies. The non-radiating capacitive element of 10pF is used between the microstrip-line and the main radiator for frequency tuning. The antenna is designed on low-cost paper substrate that makes it inexpensive for production and covers an overall area of 43mm x 40mm x 0.44mm. The antenna efficiently work for bluetooth services, 5G mobile band and ISM band over a frequency range of 1.6GHz to 3.5GHz. The antenna gain and efficiency are 1.1 and more than 80% in the desire band respectively. All the simulated results such as reflection coefficient, gain, radiation pattern and efficiency proves the antenna to be in a favourable concurrence.
Image Compression for Underwater Multi-Robot Loop Closing

This paper presents an experimental assessment of different image compression techniques used to reduce the amount of visual data exchanged between underwater robots, in a centralized multi-robot visual localization and mapping context. Controller agents of centralized coalitions need to receive images from all the other team partners, to detect inter-session loop closings among them that will be used to join and optimize the different individual maps in a single global underwater visual structure. Underwater robots usually communicate each other through omnidirectional very low bandwidth acoustic links, which impose a significant data package size reduction before they are streamed. Accordingly, images of the sea ground usually need to be downsampled and losslessly encoded before they are transmitted. The evaluation of the different compression techniques has been made using a marine image set taken in diverse scenarios of the Balearic Islands, and focused on 2 main issues: compression rate and information loss.
Gap waveguide Technology Based Transmission Lines at V Band and W Band

This paper presents new metamaterial based gap waveguide transmission lines referred to as ridge, groove gap waveguide for millimeter-wave applications. The gap waveguides have lower losses than microstrip lines, Moreover they are completely shielded by metal so that no additional packaging is needed, in contrast to the severe packaging problems associated with conventional waveguides. Ridge and groove gap waveguides are studied by characterizing the S parameters of each structure in V band and W band frequency range. Further, the losses in both structures is analyzed. These transmission line structures would be very promising in designing the magic tee, couplers, power dividers, antenna etc., for mm wave communication systems.
Short-Term Electricity Load Forecasting Based on Back Propagation Neural Network Considering Key Meteorological Factors

Power load forecasting has an important impact on the safe dispatch of the electric grid and the operation of the national economy. A method based on the back propagation neural network was proposed and considered the key meteorological factor to improve the accuracy of electricity load forecasting. Firstly, this paper analyzed the influence of different meteorological factors on electricity load. Secondly, key meteorological factors and historical electricity loads were used as input vectors to the temporal convolutional network for electricity load forecasting. The results showed that considering meteorological factor could effectively improve the accuracy of load forecasting.
Research on joint optimizer for point cloud classification

Point cloud with powerful spatial expression ability has been gradually applied to a wide range of fields. As one of the mainstream tasks, point cloud classification has also become a research hotspot. Many researches focus on data processing and neural network construction, but we construct a point cloud classification model from the new perspective of improving training process through joint optimizer. The most common optimizers for deep learning are SGD and Adam. Adam can converge faster and the learning rate parameters are self-adaptive, by contrast, SGD can achieve better convergence results. In this paper, our point cloud classification model is based on the strategy of the joint optimizer, which not only achieves better convergence results through SGD, but also uses Adam to converge quickly and avoid the time-consuming parameter adjustment process.We also hope to prove the feasibility of joint optimizater and expand further research in this research interests.
Circuit Designing for Charging Energy Storage Batteries with a Knee-joint Biomechanical Energy Harvester Aiming at the Optimal Total-Cost-of-Harvesting

In the context of long-distance trekking, providing stable and continuous power for mobile electronic devices is a challenging issue. In recent years, scholars have designed knee-joint biomechanical energy harvesters to capture the human body’s dissipated kinetic energy and convert it into electricity to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a circuit for charging the energy storage battery using a harvester and a design method for the harvester’s transient element parameters to achieve optimal TCOH, which is a performance indicator that describes the total additional metabolic energy consumed by the harvester when generating a unit of electric energy. By modeling the dynamics of lower limbs, human-harvester interaction, and transient circuit, a calculation method was derived for calculating TCOH and power generation when using this circuit on the harvester. The feasibility of the design method was verified by creating a prototype and conducting experiments with human subjects. The results show that at a walking speed of 4.2 km/h, the prototype can generate 2.18 W of electric energy, while the TCOH value is only 2.96, which is lower than that of other harvesters.
Experimental Demonstrations of CATL, the Collaborative Autonomy Tasking Layer

This paper describes the continued efforts on the development of and experiments conducted with CATL (Collaborative Autonomy Tasking Layer). CATL aims to enable collaborative autonomy between heterogeneous nodes in communications-limited environments. An example application of CATL would be the collaboration between autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). To demonstrate feasibility, CATL was used in multiple simulated and real-life experiments, enabling a large number of multinational parties to share information and cooperate using their autonomous vehicles. The group involved institutes from Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, the United Kingdom, the NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation (CMRE). These institutions worked together in various experiments, demonstrating CATL in use cases for Naval Mine Counter-Measures (MCM), Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) and Submarine Escape and Rescue (SMER).
Groundwater Quality: Malawi

The topography is dominated by an elongate plateau on the extreme southern end of the East African Rift Valley. Terrain consists of distinct geographic areas divided into plateau, upland, Rift Valley escarpment and Rift Valley plains. Plateau areas are gently undulating peneplains with broad valleys draining toward the Rift Valley (UN, 1989). ‘Dambos’, broad areas of grassy swampy ground subject to flooding, occupy many parts of the plateau. The uplands include the Mlanje, Zomba and Dedza mountains (highest point at Sapitwa, Mount Mlanje, 3002 m) and the Viphya and Nyika uplands. The escarpment consists of parallel faults running down to the Rift Valley floor. The lowland plains extend along the shores of Lake Nyasa and the valley of the Shire River, which runs south from Lake Malawi to join the Zambezi River in Mozambique. Elevation in Malawi descends to 37 m at the Mozambique border. The Linthipe, This is one of a series of information sheets prepared for each country in which WaterAid works. The sheets aim to identify inorganic constituents of significant risk to health that may occur in groundwater in the country in question. The purpose of the sheets is to provide guidance to WaterAid Country Office staff on targeting efforts on water-quality testing and to encourage further thinking in the organisation on waterquality issues.
Modélisation du comportement macroscopique des alliages à mémoire de forme : application aux matériaux composites

Ce travail de these a pour objectif de determiner le comportement de structures composites contenant une phase en alliage a memoire de forme (AMF). Un modele macroscopique, base sur la thermodynamique des processus irreversibles, est developpe afin de determiner le comportement de l'alliage a memoire de forme. Ce modele prend en compte certains des comportements cles des alliages a memoire de forme en Nickel-titane, comme la dissymetrie traction-compression, les chargements partiels et le comportement de la martensite autoaccommodee. Une comparaison avec une base de donnee experimentale montre une bonne capacite de prediction du modele, et ouvre une discussion sur des phenomenes supplementaires a prendre en compte. A l'aide d'outils de simulation numerique, et notamment la methode des elements finis, ce modele est applique a la determination du comportement de materiaux composites. Deux problematiques sont considerees, la premiere etant l'etude du comportement d'une structure composite formee d'une matrice en elastomere et renforcee par des fibres ondulees en alliage a memoire de forme. La deuxieme problematique concerne l'etude de l'impact des phenomenes de precipitation (Ni4Ti3) dans les alliages de Nickel-Titane, sur le comportement macroscopique du materiau. Pour ce dernier cas, une cellule elementaire de reference est definie, et le comportement macroscopique du materiau est estime en considerant une variation des propretes de la matrice en AMF en fonction de sa composition chimique. Dans les deux cas, la modelisation apporte des informations interessantes sur les champs de deformation et de contrainte et sur le comportement global
NPTS URBAN TRAVEL PATTERNS. 1990 NATIONWIDE PERSONAL TRANSPORTATION SURVEY (NPTS)

This is one of a series of reports on the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS). The NPTS includes information about the amount and nature of personal travel in the United States, as related to the demographics of persons and households. This report focuses on analyses of four urban size groups: urbanized areas under 1 million population, urbanized areas with 1 million or more population without rail, urbanized areas with 1 million or more population with rail, and non-urbanized areas. Topics include person and vehicle trip rates, vehicle occupancy rates, trip length in time and distance, mode choice, and commuting trip patterns. Comparisons of the 1983 and 1990 NPTS datasets are included.
Dual-Sense Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Metamaterial as Superstrate

This work proposes a dual-sense rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with dual-band response. The proposed DRA comprises a line feed and a metamaterial as a superstrate to achieve dual functional bands. Feeding is provided by using double conformal microstrip lines along the surface of DR material (εr = 9.8) with 90 degrees in between the lines, forming an L-shaped patch etched on the dielectric substrate of FR-4 Epoxy (εr = 4.4). The proposed antenna possesses two senses of polarization; i) a resonant frequency of 2.76GHz with linear sense polarization and ii) a resonant frequency of 3.36 GHz with a circular sense of polarization and an axial ratio bandwidth of 200 MHz (3.35-3.55 GHz). The gains obtained are 6dBi at 2.76 GHz and 4.6 dBic at 3.36 GHz.
Capability Maturity Mo Rity Model for Software " Sidebar). Far from a Quick Fix, It Was

A bout the time Fred Brooks was warning us there was not likely to be a single, “silver bullet” solution to the essential difficulties of developing software [3], Watts Humphrey and others at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) were busy putting together the set of ideas that was to become the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for Software. The CMM adopted the opposite of the quick-fix silver bullet philosophy. It was intended to be a coherent, ordered set of incremental improvements, all having experienced success in the field, packaged into a roadmap that showed how effective practices could be built on one another in a logical progression (see “The Capability Maturity Model for Software” sidebar). Far from a quick fix, it was
Machine Learning based Non-Cooperative Target Recognition with Dynamic RCS Data

There is ever increasing requirement of identification of non-cooperative aerial targets for ensuring flight safety, security, and effective airspace management. The identification or classification can be done by utilizing target features and estimated Radar Cross Section (RCS) obtained from modern multifunction phased array radars. The estimated RCS is dependent on various governing factors, and it is significantly stochastic in nature. In this paper authors propose to implement machine learning algorithms on the dynamic RCS for radar target identification. We have considered three fixed wing aerial targets of sizes 3.7 m, 7.5 m and 14.9 m for classification. Time varying RCS or dynamic RCS for these targets has been generated based on aspect angle derived from flight path as reported by Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data source and interlinking the same with EM solver generated RCS value. The classification accuracy of 97.4 %, 63.5% and 66.3 % has been obtained while using Random Forest, Support Vector Machine and Adaptive Boosting Algorithm respectively.
Reconstructing directed gene regulatory network by only gene expression data

Accurately identifying gene regulatory network serves an important task in understanding in vivo biological activities. The inference of such network is often accomplished through the use of gene expression data. Some methods further predict the regulatory directions in the network by using the location of eQTL single nucleotide polymorphisms, or through gene knock out/down experiments; regrettably, these additional data are not always available, especially for the samples deriving from human tissues. In this paper, we propose Context Based Dependency Network (CBDN), a method that is able to infer gene regulatory networks, complete with the regulatory directions, from only gene expression data. CBDN applies directed data processing inequality (DDPI) to distinguish between direct and transitive relationship between genes. In our experiments with simulated and real data, CBDN outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches. When used to identify important regulators in a network, CBDN 1. correctly identified TYROBP in the network related to Alzheimer's disease; 2. predicted potential important regulators ZNF329 and RB1 for human brain tumors.
Design and Implementation of A Novel 4-DoF Robot for Assisted Needle Puncture Deployment

The robot-assisted minimally invasive percutaneous biopsy has improved the accuracy and speed of the puncture operation. However, currently available robot systems used in interventional surgery are relatively large in size or complex to control, making them difficult to be used in practices. As an improvement to current robot-assisted puncture systems, a compact four degree of freedom (DoF) punctuation needle deployment robot has been designed and corresponding kinematic model has been established. A first-generation prototype has been constructed to evaluate accuracy of the punctuation catheter orientation control. The experimental results show that the robot’s orientation control error is less than 0.4°. Conclusively, the developed robot system demonstrates promising ability to accurately assist and guide surgeons in minimally invasive percutaneous biopsy.
Design of FSS based Low Observable Antenna-Radome System for Aerospace Application

In this paper, EM design and analysis of FSS-based low observable antenna-radome system is presented for aerospace application, where FSS-based novel rasorber is used as superstrate of antenna. The rasorber consists of a lossy resistive layer and a band pass FSS-layer separated by a foam spacer. The resistive layer has slotted circular ring FSS printed on top of the dielectric and gridded Jerusalem cross FSS structure on the other side of it. The band pass FSS layer having gridded simple cross dipole is used at the bottom to provide ground plane properties. The proposed antenna-rasorber system is analyzed using commercial EM design software HFSS V.2021R2. The proposed FSS-rasorber exhibits broadband transmission from 8.65 GHz to 10.8 GHz with respect to 1 dB insertion loss, due to impedance matching at parallel resonance. It shows good absorption more than 80% from 13.6 GHz to 18 GHz with maximum absorption of 97.6% at 14.3 GHz, where resistive layer plays an important role. Further, the FSS-rasorber structure is used as superstrate of microstrip patch antenna array showing significant reduction of its radar cross section (RCS) without affecting the gain of antenna array in transmission band.
Modified Andronov-Hopf Oscillator Voltage Control for Single-Phase Grid Forming Inverters

Grid Forming (GFM) Inverters have gained attraction recently in grid applications due mainly to their unparallel capability of supporting power system operation. The Virtual Oscillator Control (VOC) method is one of the methods for the operation and power regulation of GFM inverters. This type of controller is realized in the time domain based on the nonlinear dynamics of the oscillator and designed based on a specific set point that needs modifications to regulate the output voltage of the inverter and tracks active and reactive power reference signals. Voltage regulation of VOC grid-forming inverter based on an Andronov-Hopf oscillator with adaptive oscillation magnitude and single-phase system is studied in this paper. The proposed adaptive dynamic utilizes the direct relation between the reactive power error and nominal magnitude of oscillation which provides better tracking performance for inverter reactive power. Then a linearized model of the closed-loop system is analyzed for the stability region of the controller parameter. Ultimately, the proposed method’s operation is evaluated and validated by numerical simulations for different conditions.
Characterization and Modeling of Sparkless Discharge to a Touch Screen Display

Although corona discharge to a touchscreen display is not associated with the spark, it could cause soft and hard failures due to electromagnetic coupling to sensitive electronics beneath the glass. Experimental data were obtained to characterize these sparkless discharges and an equivalent circuit model was constructed to predict the resulting coupling to touchscreen electronics. Measurements and simulation indicate that a thinner glass and a higher touchscreen indium-tin-oxide (ITO) sense trace impedance both lead to higher ESD risk by delivering higher energy into the sensing IC. A CST co-simulation model is proposed and is shown to model the displacement current accurately. Charge movement and dissipation on the glass surface is represented using a disk with conductivity proportional to the reciprocal of radial distance. Dust figure measurements were used to study the effects of the glass type, glass thickness and voltage level on the corona discharge and the current coupled to the touchscreen patch on the display. These results can be used to drive full wave co-simulation models which try to anticipate the impact of sparkless discharges on the touchscreen electronics.