Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative splicing of a carboxyl/choline esterase gene enhances the fenpropathrin tolerance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus

Detoxification plays a crucial role in agricultural pests to withstand pesticides, and cytochrome P450s, carboxyl/choline esterases (CCEs), and glutathione‐S‐transferases are the main proteins responsible for their detoxification ability. The activity of CCEs can be upregulated, downregulated, or modified by mutation. However, few studies have examined the role of alternative splicing in altering the properties of CCEs. We identified 2 variants of TcCCE23 in Tetranychus cinnabarinus: a long version (CCE23‐V1) and a short version that is 18 nucleotides shorter than CCE23‐V1 (CCE23‐V2). Whether splicing affects the activity of TcCCE23 remains unclear. Overexpression of CCE23‐V2 in fenpropathrin‐resistant T. cinnabarinus revealed that splicing affected the detoxification of fenpropathrin by CCE23‐V2. The mortality of mites was significantly higher when the expression of CCE23‐V2 was knocked down (43.2% ± 3.3%) via injection of CCE23‐dsRNA (double‐stranded RNA) compared with the control group injected with green fluorescent protein‐dsRNA under fenpropathrin exposure; however, the downregulation of CCE23‐V1 (61.3% ± 6.3%) by CCE23‐small interfering RNA had no such effect, indicating CCE23‐V2 plays a greater role in xenobiotic metabolism than CCE23‐V1. The tolerance of flies overexpressing CCE23‐V2 to fenpropathrin (50% lethal dose [LD50] = 19.47 μg/g) was significantly higher than that of Gal4/UAS‐CCE23‐V1 transgenic flies (LD50 = 13.11 μg/g). Molecular docking analysis showed that splicing opened a “gate” that enlarges the substrate binding cavity of CCE23‐V2, might enhance the ability of CCE23‐V2 to harbor fenpropathrin molecules. These findings suggest that splicing might enhance the detoxifying capability of TcCCE23. Generally, our data improve the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of CCEs.
Public Administration Studies: The Digital Trajectory

"This paper asks how Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will influence Public Administration (PA) as an academic discipline in the near future, both in research and teaching. After looking at current ICT phenomena — from AI to gaming — and how PA has taken them up, two critical, interlinked phenomena are then analyzed: MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) and their effects, including a review of how the Covid-19 pandemic pushed this kind of teaching, and the current ability of algorithms to write a certain type of texts. These may have the effect to strongly enforce, even lock in, current epistemological tendencies of PA, but they may also give rise to an altogether different kind of development of scholarly inquiry in the discipline and beyond. "
Effects of contingencial aspects on the level of internal control adopted by banking institutions listed in Brazil, Bolsa, Balcão (B3)

The purpose of this article was to verify how contingency aspects affect the level of internal control adopted by 19 banking institutions listed on B3, from 2013 to 2021; which resulted in 171 observations per variable. The data on the level of internal control (dependent variable) were constructed based on the internal mechanisms viewed from the point of view of good Corporate Governance practices of the Brazilian Institute of Corporate Governance (IBGC), being the same obtained in the Reference Forms of the companies, via the B3 website. On the other hand, data on organizational (or contingency) aspects, independent variables, size, age of the organization, diversification of credit products, corporate structure and geographic expansion, were obtained from the Economatica® database, in the registration and Reference Forms and in the Explanatory Notes of banking companies, available on the B3 website. From the multiple regression estimation for panel data, through the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model, it was observed that age and geographic expansion are not significant to explain the level of internal control, but the size, diversification of credit products and the corporate structure of banking institutions are. However, only the corporate structure is significantly negative. Thus, these results demonstrate that the size and diversification of credit products make banking activities complex and voluminous, justifying the search for more internal controls, but also point out that the different geographical and cultural contexts of banking units can compromise the adoption of managerial controls.
The D165H Polymorphism of QiMYB-like-1 Is Linked to Interactions between Tannin Accumulation, Herbivory and Biogeographical Determinants of Quercus ilex

The accumulation in the leaves and young stems of phenolic compounds, such as hydrolyzable and condensed tannins, constitutes a defense mechanism of plants against herbivores. Among other stressing factors, chronic herbivory endangers Quercus ilex, a tree playing a central role in Mediterranean forests. This work addressed the connections between the chemical defenses of Q. ilex leaves and their susceptibility to herbivory, quantitative traits whose relationships are modulated by environmental and genetic factors that could be useful as molecular markers for the selection of plants with improved fitness. A search for natural variants detected the polymorphism D165H in the effector domain of QiMYB-like-1, a TT2-like transcription factor whose family includes members that control the late steps of condensed tannins biosynthesis in different plant species. QiMYB-like-1 D165H polymorphism was screened by PCR-RFLP in trees from six national parks in Spain where Q. ilex has a relevant presence, revealing that, unlike most regions that match the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, homozygous plants are over-represented in “Monfragüe” and “Cabañeros”, among the best examples to represent the continental Mediterranean (cM) ecosystem. Accordingly, the averages of two stress-related quantitative traits measured in leaves, herbivory index and accumulation of condensed tannins, showed asymmetric distributions depending on the clustering of trees based on ecological and genetic factors. Thus, the impact of herbivory was greater in managed forests with a low density of trees from the cM region, among which QiMYB-like-1 D165 homozygotes stand out, whereas condensed tannins accumulation was higher in leaves of QiMYB-like-1 H165 homozygotes from low-density forests, mainly in the Pyrenean (Py) region. Besides, the correlation between the contents of condensed tannins and total tannins vanished after clustering by the same factors: the cM region singularity, forest tree density, and QiMYB-like-1 genotype, among which homozygous shared the lowest link. The biogeographical and genetic constraints that modulate the contribution of condensed tannins to chemical defenses also mediated their interactions with the herbivory index, which was found positively correlated with total phenolics or tannins, suggesting an induction signal by this biotic stress. In contrast, a negative correlation was observed with condensed tannins after tree clustering by genetics factors where associations between tannins were lost. Therefore, condensed tannins might protect Q. ilex from defoliation in parks belonging to the cM ecosystem and carrying genetic factor(s) linked to the QiMYB-like-1 D165H polymorphism.
An Epidemiological Investigation and Drug-Resistant Strain Isolation of Nematodirus oiratianus in Sheep in Inner Mongolia, China

Simple Summary Nematodirus has a serious impact on the gastrointestinal health of ruminants and the economic development of animal husbandry. This study investigated Nematodirus infections of different rearing patterns in sheep in two well-known natural pastures in Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicated that the average infection rate was more than 50%. Then, a naturally occurring strain of Nematodirus was obtained by using numerous isolation methods. We recorded the detailed development process of the nematode eggs and tested for drug resistance, and the results showed that the isolated strains were found to be ivermectin-resistant strains. Our study provides useful data for the morphological study of Nematodirus and the prevention and control of nematodes, offering valuable species resources for studying anthelmintic resistance in nematodes. Abstract Nematodirus causes major economic losses in the development of the livestock industry, as they are common gastrointestinal parasites of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. The present study investigated Nematodirus infections in sheep in the Hulunbuir and Xilingol Grasslands, two well-known natural pastures in Inner Mongolia, China. The results indicated that the average infection rate was more than 50%. Furthermore, a naturally occurring strain of Nematodirus was obtained using numerous isolation methods in the survey region. Conventional morphology and molecular biology were used to identify the strain. The larval migration inhibition test was used to determine the ivermectin level in the isolated strain. The results indicated that the larvae belonged to the species Nematodirus oiratianus. The strain was found to be ivermectin-resistant. Thus, these results recorded the detailed development processes of Nematodirus eggs, providing novel insights regarding the prevention and control of nematodes by using conventional anthelmintic regimens and by offering valuable species resources for studying anthelmintic resistance in nematodes.
C/L-Band 2-Port Broadband Wavelength Multiplexing Switch Using Polymer Waveguides

A C/L-band 2-port broadband wavelength multiplexing switch is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using thermally tuned polymer waveguides. The device consists of two 1 × 2 multimode interference (MMI) switches at the input side, a 2 × 1 Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) as wavelength combiner, and a 3 × 2 MMI switch at the output side. The MMI switches are wavelength independent and the MZI shows flat-top response. Any two wavelength channels from the C- and L-band can be path-switched, either separated or combined, to either of the two outputs. The device is polarization independent, the excess loss is below 2.3 dB, the crosstalk is below −20 dB, and the maximal total heater power is 173.5 mW. The device can also be cascaded to construct a larger network of wavelength multiplexing switches. We believe this work provides a low-cost and efficient solution for the multi-band optical networks by allowing dynamic control of the resources among different bands, thereby greatly improving the network flexibility.
Spectral responses of virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors and their relation to IR microscopy and x-ray diffraction topography data

Virtual Frisch-grid CdZnTe detectors potentially can provide energy resolution close to the statistical limit. However, in real detectors, the quality of the crystals used to fabricate the devices primarily determines energy resolution. In this paper, we report our findings on the spectral response of devices and their relation to material-characterization data obtained using IR microscopy and X-ray diffraction topography.
Overlapping Community Detection Based on Strong Tie Detection and Non-Overlapping Link Clustering

Many clustering algorithms are in favour of node-based methods, but a link between nodes has one single feature, so link-based clustering is sometimes easier than node-based methods. Being dependent on the characteristics of links, a detection algorithm for a non-overlapping link community is put forward in this paper. The method proposed also distinguishes the differences between nodes with a high degree of accuracy and detects communities with a minimal number of overlapping nodes. On the basis of three different datasets, experiments were conducted to compare the proposed algorithm with different non-overlapping and overlapping clustering algorithms, and the results show that our algorithm generates the least number of overlapping nodes and achieves a good community partition.
Social Community Classification Based on Laplacian Spectrum Feature

Community structure is a common property that exists in social networks. Community structure analysis is important for understanding network structure and analyzing the network characteristics. Recently community detecting methods are reported continually, but within community the structure is still complex. This paper proposed a method applied to classify community by using Laplacian spectrum feature, and defined the distance measure between the features extracted from difference community. As experiments, this paper studied three complex network models: the random graph of Erdös-Rényi, the small world of Watts and Strogatz and the scale-free graph, and classified them based on Laplacian spectrum feature successfully. The result shows the Laplacian spectrum feature and similarity measure are effective for classification.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some New 1,2,4-Triazole linked to Schiff bases Derived From Ibuprofen as a Possible to Inhibit TNF-α

Background: Pro-inflammatory cytokines trigger immune cells to produce and release interleukin, interferon, and Tumor necrosis factors. In pathological conditions, the excessive release of these cytokines can cause various autoimmune diseases such as (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and irritable bowel syndrome). Methods: This study was conducted to synthesize four derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole linked to Schiff bases.The synthesis was started by converting of ibuprofen to ibuprofen ethyl ester. Then converted to ibuprofen hydrazide by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. After that ibuprofen hydrazide is converted to an intermediate salt of potassium carbazinate by the reaction with an alcoholic solution of KOH and CS 2 in a cold condition which undergoes the cyclization reaction with hydrazine hydrate in an aqueous condition to form 1,2,4 triazole. The derivatives of triazole were converted to Schiff base by reaction with different aromatic aldehydes. Results: The structure of prepared compounds was confirmed by using FTIR, 1 HNMR, 13 CNMR, and MS. The inhibitory effect of newly synthesized compounds against TNF-α was evaluated in comparison with standard ibuprofen. It showed good to moderate activity upon inhibition of TNF-α Conclusion: The synthesized compounds are prepared successfully according to 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy data, and they showed a good to moderate inhibition rate of TNF-α compared to reference drug (Ibuprofen) they may use in the treatment of various autoimmune disease
On finding a disc of minimum radius containing a given set of points

permutations obtained are no longer random. Consider the algorithm where at the Kh step, the fcth object is exchanged with any one of the N objects. This transformation when applied N times produces NN equiprobable mappings of a particular permutation into the set of all permutations of N objects. But there are only AM members in the set and NN is not divisible by Nl if N > 2, so that each of the N ! permutations is not equiprobable. The pairwise exchange method is equally well suited for the generation of permutations, combinations, or arrangements. A random combination or arrangement of p objects among A? " is obtained by performing only p exchanges, the result being the p first objects so generated.
Wavefront reconstruction algorithms and simulation results for multiconjugate adaptive optics on giant telescopes

The very high-order multi-conjugate adaptive optics (MCAO) systems proposed for future giant telescopes will require new, computationally efficient, concepts for wavefront reconstruction. Advanced methods from computational linear algebra have recently been applied to this problem, and explicit simulations of MCAO wavefront reconstruction problems for 30-meter class telescopes are now possible using desktop personal computers. In this paper, we present sample simulation results obtained using these techniques to illustrate the trends in MCAO performance as the telescope aperture diameter increases from 8 to 32 meters. We consider systems based upon natural guidestars, sodium laser guidestars, and Rayleigh laser guidestars. The performance achieved by the first two classes of guidestars is similar, and the variation in their performance with respect to telescope size is very gradual over this range of aperture diameters. Next, we describe work in progress to adapt the minimum variance reconstruction algorithm, which is optimized for open-loop wavefront estimation, to the more realistic and meaningful case of closed-loop wavefront control. Finally, we summarize the current status of efforts to quantify the impact of sodium laser guide star (LGS) elongation on guidestar signal requirements for LGS AO systems on 30 meter class telescopes.
KARAKTERISTIK DAN KUALITAS SEMEN KAMBING KACANG DALAM PENGENCER TRIS KUNING TELUR YANG DISUPLEMENTASI DENGAN DAUN KELOR (Moringa Oleifera)

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan kualitas semen kambing kacang dalam pengencer tris kuning telur yang disuplementasi dengan daun kelor (Moringa oleifera). Materi yang digunakan adalah semen pejantan yang bersumber dari 1 ekor kambing yang telah terlatih untuk diambil semennya. Semen yang di hasilkan di tampung dengan metode vagina buatan yang dilakukan setiap hari penampungan. Sedangkan rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan, antara lain P0 = 100% TKT, P1 = 95% TKT + 5% KDK, P2 = 90% TKT +10% KDK, P3 = 85% TKT +15 % KDK. Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi variabel makroskopis yakni volume, warna, konsistensi, pH bau). Adapun variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi variabel makroskopis yakni volume, warna, konsistensi, pH bau). Sedangkan variabel mikroskopis yakni motilitas, individu dan viabilitas. Semua data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis of variance dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun kelor yang ditambahkan dalam pengencer tris kuning telur efektif dalam mempertahankan motilitas dan viabilitas semen beku kambing kacang selama 3 jam penyimpanan dan konsentrasi P2 ekstrak daun kelor merupakan konsentrasi terbaik untuk digunakan dalam proses pengenceran semen.
A novel field of view zoom scanning protocol for simultaneous time- and spectrum-resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy

We present a simultaneous time- and spectrum-resolved multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) system using a novel field of view (FOV) zoom scanning protocol. The system employs a microlens array for producing discrete excitation spot array, a dispersive prism and a high repetition rate streak camera for simultaneous temporal and spectral resolutions. By combining a pair of galvo mirrors and a sample stage for fine and coarse scanning respectively, the resolution and FOV of the system can be changed without changing any optical elements. The system can be operated not only in low resolution and large FOV, but also in high resolution and small FOV applications, without compromising the performances of the optical elements in the system. By implementing a special system control protocol and image reconstruction algorithm, fluorescence images in different FOVs and resolutions can be obtained. This FOV zoom scanning protocol is demonstrated with two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging of a fluorescence resolution test target.
cuPARE: parametric reconstruction of curved fibres from glass fibre-reinforced composites

ABSTRACT A new framework for the parametric reconstruction of curved fibres from glass fibre-reinforced composite X-ray computed tomography data is proposed. It allows us to detect fibres in a fibre-reinforced polymer sample from a low-dose, low resolution computed tomography scan. An efficient curve representation is then used for each detected fibre, of which the parameters are estimated directly from few 2D high-resolution projection images. The framework is validated on both simulated and real data of glass fibre-reinforced polymers. The generated results demonstrate that it is robust to noise and requires less than 10 high-resolution projections to obtain reasonable fibre estimates. The method can also improve upon existing estimation frameworks relying on full 3D scans.
Three-dimensional surface current loops in terahertz responsive microarrays

We investigated the effect of the third dimension in terahertz (THz) responsive microarrays using finite element simulations and by measuring their transmission spectra in the range of 0.2 to 1.1 THz. We observed that the presence of three-dimensional (3D) surface current loops in microarrays composed of cubic units resulted in enhanced transmission as compared to two-dimensional single and stacked layers, suggesting that the incorporation of geometries that enable truly 3D current loops is an important factor in optically responsive metamaterials.
Predicting Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in the First 7 Days after Admission: Analysis of a Group of Critically Ill Patients

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients. Some predictive models have been reported, but the conclusions are controversial. The aim of this study was the formation of nomograms to predict risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients within the first 7 days after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care- (MIMIC-) III database. The random forest method was used to fill in the missing values, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression analysis was performed to screen for possible risk factors. Results A total of 561 patients were enrolled. Complication with AKI is significantly associated with a longer length of stay (LOS). For all patients, the predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), central venous pressure (CVP) measured for the first time after admission, and maximum and minimum mean artery pressure (MAP). The model showed good discrimination (C − index = 0.818, 95% CI: 0.779-0.857). In the subgroup of patients with well-controlled blood glucose levels, the significant predictors included hypertension, CABG, CPB, SAPS II, and maximum and minimum MAP. Good discrimination was also present before (C − index = 0.785, 95% CI: 0.736–0.834) and after adjustment (adjusted C − index = 0.770). Conclusion Hypertension, CAD, CPB, CABG, SAPS II, CVP measured for the first time after admission, and maximum and minimum MAP were independent risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients.
Asymmetries in vowel perception: Do they arise from focalization, perceptual magnets, or both?

While directional asymmetries are ubiquitous in cross-language studies of vowel perception, their underlying mechanisms have not been established. One hypothesis is that listeners display a universal perceptual bias favoring vowels with greater formant frequency convergence, or focalization (Polka and Bohn, 2011). A second, but not mutually exclusive, hypothesis is that listeners are biased toward prototypical vowel exemplars in their native language (Kuhl, 1993). In a test of these hypotheses, English listeners discriminated synthesized English /u/ and French /u/ vowels presented in pairs. While the French /u/ tokens exhibit greater formant convergence (between F1 and F2), English listeners have previously been shown to rate the English /u/ tokens as “better” instances of the category (Molnar, 2010). Preliminary results demonstrate that the degree of focalization affects vowel discrimination. When discriminating vowel changes presented in the direction going from the more focal (French) to less focal (En.