Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Veriﬁcation for Cognitive Models: Controller Synthesis and Model Evaluation

Many robotics applications and scenarios that involve interaction with humans are safety or performance critical. A natural path to assessing such notions is to include a cognitive model describing typical human behaviors into a larger modeling context. In this work, we set out to investigate a combination of such a model with formal veriﬁcation. We present a general and ﬂexible framework utilizing methods from probabilistic model checking and discuss current pitfalls. We start from information about typical behavior, obtained from generalizing speciﬁc scenarios by the usage of inverse reinforcement learning. We translate this information in order to deﬁne a formal model exhibiting stochastic behavior (whenever signiﬁcant data is present) or nondeterminism (if the model is underspeciﬁed or no signiﬁcant data is present) that can be analyzed. This model for a human can be combined with a robot model by using standard parallel composition. The ben-eﬁt is manyfold: First, safe or optimal strategies for involved robots regarding a human can be synthesized depending on the given model. In general, veriﬁcation can determine if such benign strategies are even possible. Furthermore, the cognitive model itself can be analyzed with respect to possible unnatural behaviors; thereby feedback to developers of such models is provided. We evaluate and describe our approaches by means of a well-known model for visiomotor tasks and provide a framework that can readily incorporate other models.
List-Colouring Squares of Sparse Subcubic Graphs

The problem of colouring the square of a graph naturally arises in connection with the distance labelings, which have been studied intensively. We consider this problem for sparse subcubic graphs and show that the choosability χ`(G 2) of the square of a subcubic graph G of maximum average degree d is at most four if d < 24/11 and G does not contain a 5-cycle, χ`(G 2) is at most five if d < 7/3 and at most six if d < 5/2. Wegner’s conjecture claims that the chromatic number of the square of a subcubic planar graph is at most seven. Our result implies that χ`(G 2) is at most four if g ≥ 24, it is at most 5 if g ≥ 14, and it is at most 6 if g ≥ 10. For lower bounds, we find a planar subcubic graph G1 of girth 9 such that χ(G1) = 5 and a planar subcubic graph G2 of girth five such that χ(G2) = 6. As a consequence, we show that the problem of 4-colouring of the square of a subcubic planar graph of girth g = 9 is NP-complete. We conclude the paper by posing few conjectures.
m6A modification of U6 snRNA modulates usage of two major classes of pre-mRNA 5' splice site

Alternative splicing of messenger RNAs is associated with the evolution of developmentally complex eukaryotes. Splicing is mediated by the spliceosome, and docking of the pre-mRNA 5’ splice site into the spliceosome active site depends upon pairing with the conserved ACAGA sequence of U6 snRNA. In some species, including humans, the central adenosine of the ACAGA box is modified by N 6 methylation
Effects of a Nutrition Education Programme in Stage IV Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: A 3-Arm Randomised Controlled Trial

This trial examined the influence of two nutrition intervention programmes on health-related and nutritional intake indices pertinent to cardiovascular disease compared to usual care in stage IV cardiac rehabilitation patients. Sixty-six patients were recruited from the Heartbeat North-West cardiac rehabilitation centre in Preston (United Kingdom). Patients were randomly assigned to Usual care, Biggest loser or Nutrition education arms. Usual care undertook their usual two exercise classes per week without nutritional support, Biggest loser underwent weekly education sessions focussing on weight loss using the themes within the British Heart Foundation ‘So You Want to Lose Weight for Good’ guidelines, and Nutrition education followed the same themes as Biggest loser but in a more focussed manner informed by patient focus groups. In total, this was a 12-week trial in which patients spent 6 weeks engaged in their allocated intervention arm, after which all participants switched to Usual care. The primary outcome was systolic blood pressure, and secondary measures of anthropometric, blood biomarker, nutritional knowledge (via the Mediterranean Diet Assessment Tool) and nutritional intake indices were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks (follow-up). Intention-to-treat analyses revealed no significant alterations in the primary outcome (Usual care: baseline = 130.45 mmHg, 6 weeks = 127.83 mmHg, and follow-up = 126.35 mmHg, Biggest loser: baseline = 133.50 mmHg, 6 weeks = 123.06 mmHg, and follow-up = 135.22 mmHg, or Nutrition education: baseline = 135.23 mmHg, 6 weeks = 129.20 mmHg, and follow-up = 126.26 mmHg) between arms. However, at 6 weeks, improvements in triglycerides were significantly greater in Usual care (baseline = 1.61 mmol/L and 6 weeks = 1.43 mmol/L) group compared to Nutrition education (baseline = 1.70 mmol/L and 6 weeks = 2.21 mmol/L). Improvements in nutrition knowledge were significantly greater in Nutrition education (baseline = 8.48, 6 weeks = 9.77, and follow-up = 10.07) compared to Usual care (baseline = 7.71, 6 weeks = 8.00, and follow-up = 8.00) and Biggest loser (baseline = 7.71, 6 weeks = 8.73, and follow-up = 8.36). At 6 weeks, the Biggest loser group (baseline = 4.75 g and 6 weeks = 3.83 g) exhibited significantly greater improvements in salt intake compared to Usual care (baseline = 4.87 g and 6 weeks = 4.28 g) and Nutrition education (baseline = 19.25 g and 6 weeks = 16.78 g) in saturated fatty acids compared to Usual care (baseline = 20.26 g and 6 weeks = 21.34 g). This trial shows the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for improving nutritional knowledge and dietary practices in stage IV cardiac rehabilitation, but the mechanisms and longer-term effects of increased triglyceride levels in the Nutrition education group requires further exploration.
Symmetric Spaces

Notations M Riemannian manifold. N 0 normal neighborhood of the origin in T p M. N p normal neighbourhood of p, N p = exp N 0. s p geodesic symmetry with respect to p. f Φ d Φ f = f • Φ. X Φ d Φ X. K(S) sectional curvature of M at p along the section S. D r s set of tensor fields of type (r, s). I(M) the set of all isometries on M Definition 1 (normal neighborhood) A neighborhood N p of p in M is called a normal neighbourhood if N p = exp N 0 , where N 0 is a normal neighborhood of the origin in T p M , i.e. satisfying: (1)exp is a diffeomorphism of N 0 onto an open neighborhood N p ; (2)if X ∈ N 0 , 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, then tX ∈ N 0 (star shaped). Definition 2 (geodesic symmetry) ∀q ∈ N p , consider the geodesic t → γ(t) ⊂ N p passing through p and q s.t. γ(0) = p, γ(1) = q. Then the mapping q → q ′ = γ(−1) of N p onto itself is called geodesic symmetry w.r. t p, denoted by s p. Remark: s p is a diffeomorphism of N p onto itself and (ds p) p = −I. Definition 3 (Affine locally symmetric) M is called affine locally symmetric if each point m ∈ M has an open neighborhood N m on which the geodesic symmetry s m is an affine transformation. i.e. ∇ X (Y) = (∇ X sm (Y sm)) sm −1 , ∀X, Y ∈ X(M). Definition 4 (Pseudo-Riemannian structure) Let M be a C ∞-manifold. A pseudo-Riemannian structure on M is a symmetric nondegenerate (as bilinear form at each p ∈ M) tensor field g of type (0, 2). Remark: A pseudo-Riemannian manifold is a connected C ∞-manifold with
Jurnal Kesehatan Gigi

One of the treatments for deep carious lesions that have irritated the pulp tissue is treatment pulp capping to maintain pulp vitality. Indirect pulp capping is a treatment procedure that performed on deep caries but does not yet involve pulp exposure. Calcium Hydroxide is such a medicament gold standards that are often used for the treatment of pulp capping because the characteristic is bactericidal or bacteriostatic. This case report describes of the case indirect pulp capping with two visits treatment to the left mandibular first molar. Patients came with the main complaint of pain when drinking cold water or eating. There is no history of spontaneous pain. The tooth was examined for vitality using a sensibility test and the pulp was found to be vital. Treatment is carried out through proceduresindirect pulp capping with two visits using calcium hydroxide and the cavity was irrigated with aquadest and disinfected with 2% chlorhexidine. The cavity was sealed with Glass Ionomer Cement and the final restoration was made using a composite resin restoration. The patient was then followed up for up to 9 weeks for the placement of the permanent restoration. The patient was followed up for up to 9 weeks for the permanent restoration. Indirect pulp capping is one of the treatments that can be chosen in cases of caries with deep cavities that are close to the pulp. This treatment is carried out to prevent the pulp from opening selective caries removal.
A Sipmple Policy Update System for Sharing Outsourced Personal Health Records

Electronic personal health records (PHRs) are used by many healthcare providers due to the high flexibility and accessibility of data outsourcing environments like the cloud computing environment. This enables individual patients to manage their own health data in such a resilient and scalable environment. However, because PHRs hold such sensitive data, security and privacy concerns are of paramount importance. Additionally, PHR owners should be allowed to set their own flexible and secure access policy for their outsourced data.Existing commercial cloud systems often offer symmetric or public key encryption as an add-on function to enable data secrecy for their tenants, in addition to the fundamental authentication capability. However, due to the significant key management overhead of symmetric encryption and the high maintenance costs associated with managing multiple copies of ciphertext for public key encryption solutions, such conventional encryption algorithms are not appropriate for a data outsourcing context. In this research, we design and construct a lightweight access policy updating system with safe and fine-grained access control for outsourced PHRs. Our suggested method is based on proxy re-encryption and ciphertext policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) (PRE). To ensure complete traceability of policy changes, we also develop a policy versioning approach. Finally, we carried out the performance review to show how effective the suggested plan performs.
Memory stem T cells generated by Wnt signaling from blood of human renal clear cell carcinoma patients

Objective Memory stem T cells (Tscm) have attracted attention because of their enhanced self-renewal, multipotent capacity, and anti-tumor capacities. However, little is known about Tscm in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma (RCC) and the role of Wnt signaling in these cells. We evaluated Tscm from RCC patients concerning their activation of Wnt signaling in vitro and explored the mechanism of preferential survival. Methods Flow cytometry identified surface markers and cytokines produced from accumulated Tscm in the presence of the glycogen synthase kinase beta inhibitor TWS119. Apoptosis was evaluated after induction using tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were used to investigate the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-КB) pathway. Results RCC patients had a similar percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ Tscm as healthy donors. Activation of Wnt signaling by TWS119 resulted in the accumulation of Tscm in activated T cells, but reversal of differentiated T cells to Tscm was not achieved. Preferential survival of Tscm was associated with increased anti-apoptotic ability mediated downstream of the NF-КB activation pathway. Conclusions The finding that Tscm can accumulate by Wnt signaling in vitro in blood from RCC patients will help in devising new cancer therapy strategies of Tscm-based adoptive immunotherapy, such as dendritic cell-stimulated Tscm, and T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor-engineered Tscm.
Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen of Grassland in Yunwu Mountain of Loess Plateau

Distribution of organic carbon(C) and total nitrogen(N) in different natural grassland,artificial Medicago stativa L.grassland with different growth years,Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.shrubland and farmland in Yunwu Mountain of the Loess Plateau were studied.Results show that the ranking of organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in four studied samples are: natural grasslandartificial grasslandshrublandfarmland.As soil depth increased,except in the 10～20 cm of nine-year artificial alfalfa grassland,the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen generally decreased in every 10 cm of 0～40 cm soil depth.The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents show significant differences among 10～20 cm,20～30 cm and 30～40 cm soil depth in all natural grassland types,and every 10 cm of 0～40 cm soil depth among 5,7,and 9 growth years for artificial alfalfa grassland.There is a significant linear correlation(P0.01) between soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in natural grassland and artificial grassland.In artificial grassland,the contents of organic carbon and total nitrogen increased with the growth years increased,and the increment of total nitrogen is higher than that of soil organic carbon.Therefore,natural grassland plays a more essential role for the accumulation of the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents.
Acute Effects of Combining Whole-Body Electromyostimulation with Resistance Training in Active Women

Strength training elicits benefits both in performance and on a psychological level in women, such as increased muscle strength and improved self-esteem. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) could be a training strategy for enhancing muscular strength. The aim of this study was to assess the acute effects of a single session of WB-EMS superimposed over classic resistance training on isometric strength, endurance strength and flexibility. Furthermore, the safety of the protocol was assessed by monitoring the levels of creatine kinase (CK) 48 h after the training protocol was completed. Sixteen active women (aged 22.06 ± 1.88) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) (n = 8) and a control group (CG) (n = 8). The EG performed four sets of 12 repetitions of three strength exercises with superimposed WB-EMS, while the CG performed the same protocol without WB-EMS. RM-ANOVA showed a significant time*group interaction on posterior kinetic chain extensors’ mean and peak strength in the EG (F(1,14) = 10.036; p = 0.007; and F(1,14) = 20.719; p < 0.001; respectively). A significant time*group interaction was found in the sit and reach test for the EG (F(1,14) = 10.362; p = 0.006). Finally, ANOVA performed on the CK levels showed no significant difference between the groups (F(1,14) = 0.715; p = 0.412). WB-EMS training led to an immediate improvement in strength performance and flexibility, and this protocol was shown to be safe in terms of CK levels, 48 h after completing the training protocol.
The vegetation dynamic in Qinling area based on MODIS NDVI

Aim To investigate the vegetation dynamic changes in Qinling area with the reconstructed NDVI time series data.Methods Based on MODIS NDVI time series data from 2000 to 2009 in Qinling area,Asymmetric Gaussians algorithm(AG) was selected to reconstruct the time series data to reduce the negative impact of clouds,cloud shadow and atmospheric aerosols.Results ①The forest and shrub vegetation located in the hinterland of Qinling Mountains showed a higher stability in the past decade,while the cropland and mosaic cropland/non-crop vegetation located in northern slope of Qinling Mountain,as well as those areas surrounded by mountain residents,showed dramatically inter-annual fluctuation under the impact of human activities;②The cropland located in the areas of the hinterland of Qinling Mountains showed the most obvious improvement trend.The forest and shrub vegetation located in the hinterland of Qinling Mountain had some degree of improvement trend,which is relatively stable.While the vegetation distributed in the surrounding area of major cities had a significant degradation trend,especially around Xi′an city.Conclusion The vegetation in Qinling area showed overall improvement trend during the past decade.The stability of vegetation in this area showed significant reverse distribution characteristics with its distance from the proximity of human areas,which indicated that human activities play a very important role on the vegetation dynamic in Qinling area.
Borrelia burgdorferi initiates early transcriptional re-programming in macrophages that supports long-term suppression of inflammation

Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of Lyme disease, establishes a long-term infection and leads to disease manifestations that are the result of host immune responses to the pathogen. Inflammatory manifestations resolve spontaneously despite continued bacterial presence, suggesting inflammatory cells become less responsive over time. This is mimicked by in vitro repeated stimulations, resulting in tolerance, a phenotypic subset of innate immune memory. We performed comparative transcriptional analysis of macrophages in acute and memory states and identified sets of Tolerized, Hyper-Induced, Secondary-Induced and Hyper-Suppressed genes resulting from memory induction, revealing previously unexplored networks of genes affected by cellular re-programming. Tolerized gene families included inflammatory mediators and interferon related genes as would be predicted by the attenuation of inflammation over time. To better understand how cells mediate inflammatory hypo-responsiveness, we focused on genes that could mediate maintenance of suppression, such as Hyper-Induced genes which are up-regulated in memory states. These genes were notably enriched in stress pathways regulated by anti-inflammatory modulators. We examined one of the most highly expressed negative regulators of immune pathways during primary stimulation, Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1), and tested its effects during in vivo infection with Bb. As predicted by our in vitro model, we show its inflammation-suppressive downstream effects are sustained during in vivo long-term infection with Bb, with a specific role in Lyme carditis.
Enhancing TB Vaccine Efficacy: Current Progress on Vaccines, Adjuvants and Immunization Strategies

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global infectious disease primarily transmitted via respiratory tract infection. Presently, vaccination stands as the primary method for TB prevention, predominantly reliant on the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Although it is effective in preventing disseminated diseases in children, its impact on adults is limited. To broaden vaccine protection, efforts are underway to accelerate the development of new TB vaccines. However, challenges arise due to the limited immunogenicity and safety of these vaccines, necessitating adjuvants to bolster their ability to elicit a robust immune response for improved and safer immunization. These adjuvants function by augmenting cellular and humoral immunity against M. tuberculosis antigens via different delivery systems, ultimately enhancing vaccine efficacy. Therefore, this paper reviews and summarizes the current research progress on M. tuberculosis vaccines and their associated adjuvants, aiming to provide a valuable reference for the development of novel TB vaccines and the screening of adjuvants.
The Impact of Instagram's Corporate Strategy on Consumer Preferences

Instagram's enterprise strategy has had a significant impact on consumer preferences, particularly in terms of its software capabilities, content delivery, and seamless integration of music. These elements shape the user experience and influence how users interact with the platform. Brands can leverage these characteristics to build stronger connections with their target audiences and create more targeted content that resonates with customers. Instagram's ability to deliver highly targeted ads based on user interests and demographics further enhances its impact on consumer preferences, increasing brand awareness and driving sales. The platform's emphasis on visual and user-generated content has also changed how consumers perceive and engage with brands, emphasizing the importance of authenticity and relevance. Additionally, Instagram's integration with other social media platforms expands its reach and influence, allowing for a cohesive online presence across multiple platforms. However, caution should be exercised when selecting internet celebrities for campaigns due to the prevalence of fake accounts and inflated data. The success of Instagram lies in its fusion of content distribution and interpersonal relationships, providing a unique social networking experience that goes beyond a mere photo-centric service.
[Accepted Manuscript] Investigating Uncertainty in the Minimum Mortality Temperature: Methods and Application to 52 Spanish Cities.

The minimum mortality temperature from J- or U- shaped curves varies across cities with different climates. This variation conveys information on adaptation, but ability to characterize it is limited by the absence of a method to describe uncertainty in estimated minimum mortality temperatures. We propose an approximate parametric bootstrap estimator of confidence interval (CI) and standard error (SE) for the minimum mortality temperature from a temperature-mortality shape estimated by splines. The coverage of the estimated CIs was close to nominal value (95%) in the datasets simulated, though SEs were slightly high. Applying the method to 52 Spanish provincial capital cities showed larger minimum mortality temperatures in hotter cities, rising almost exactly at the same rate as annual mean temperature. The method proposed for computing CIs and SEs for minimums from spline curves allows comparing minimum mortality temperatures in different cities and investigating their associations with climate properly, allowing for estimation uncertainty.
Assessment of deformation during consolidation using digital image analysis

The measurement systems based on digital image analysis have been widely attempted in geotechnical testings (e.g., physical model tests) for observing the deformation of soils. The accuracy of digital image analysis is influenced by various factors such as image pattern of test materials, performance of digital camera, target area, and analysis conditions. Therefore, optimal analysis conditions should be determined and applied to obtain high quality results on soil deformations. In this study, various influence factors of the accuracy of digital image analysis and the optimizing procedure were described. Finally, the digital image analysis was adopted to evaluate the deformation during lateral drainage consolidation under the given optimal condition.
Determination of water use efficiency in groundnut by gravimetric method and its association with physiological parameters

Water use efficiency (WUE) and associated physiological parameters were measured in fifteen genotypes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L) grown in pots. Accurate measurement of WUE is possible by gravimetric approach. In this study there was an inverse relationship between mean transpiration rate (MTR) and WUE. A positive association between net assimilation rate (NAR) and WUE and total dry matter (TDM) and WUE indicated the possibility of identifying genotypes with WUE under mesophyll control. There was a strong correlation between TDM and LAD suggesting the role of leaf surface area in determining the biomass production. WUE was also estimated in field trials utilizing specific leaf area (SLA) values. The results show that, the WUE in the pot culture experiment was significantly correlated with the WUE estimated under field conditions. Among the genotypes, Tir 16 recorded highest WUE compared to all other genotypes.