Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Qualitative Report The Qualitative Report

Abstract Conducting research, more so, fieldwork, changes every researcher in many ways. This paper shares the various reflexivities – the journeys of learning – that we underwent as field researchers. Here, we share the changes brought about to ourselves, as a result of the research process, and how these changes have affected the research process. It highlights the journey of discovering how we, as researchers, shaped and how we were shaped by the research process and outputs. All these efforts were done in our attempts to discover and understand various social phenomena and issues such as poverty, development, gender, migration, and ill health in the Philippines. This article includes the challenges encountered in our epistemological stance/s and personal and methodological concerns shown in our reflexivity notes/insights. Indeed, it is when researchers acknowledge these changes, that reflexivity in research constitutes part of the research findings. It is through this consciousness of the relational and reflective nature of being aware of personal and methodological concerns that we honor ourselves, our teammates/co-researchers and all others involved with the research project. As researchers, we need to be cognizant of our contributions to the construction of meanings and of lived experiences throughout the research process. We need to acknowledge that indeed it is impossible to remain “outside of” one's study topic while conducting research.
Mindfulness : A proposed operational definition

There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as an approach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This paper describes the results of recent meetings held to establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and implicated psychological processes. We then address issues regarding temporal stability and situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument development and briefly describing our own approach to measurement.
"Walking the Talk": The nature and role of 'leadership culture' within organizational culture/s.

The paper develops and explores the construct 'leadership culture' with reference to organisation culture/s. A research model is proposed to explore this connection. A study of leadership culture components, showing an impact of the alignment between leaders' personal values and leadership team behaviour on leadership team culture, is used to make the case for additional research looking at how culture role modelling by leaders may affect the creation and development of organisation culture/s. The key finding is that leader behaviour is contingent upon the existing organisational culture, rather than being the creator of an organisational culture. The findings and future research implications have important ramifications for how leaders develop and use leadership culture, with a particular focus on their potential role as organisation culture generators, carriers and shapers.
Digital Commons

Soft tissue often displays marked age-associated stiffening. This study aims to investigate how age affects scleral biomechanical properties in a canine glaucoma model with ADAMTS10 mutation, whose extracellular matrix is concomitantly influenced by the mutation and an increased mechanical load from an early age. Biomechanical data was acquired from ADAMTS10-mutant dogs (n = 10, 21 to 131 months) and normal dogs (n = 5, 69 to 113 months). Infusion testing was first performed in the whole globes to measure ocular rigidity. After infusion experiments, the corneas were immediately trephined to prepare scleral shells that were mounted on a pressurization chamber to measure strains in the posterior sclera using an inflation testing protocol. Dynamic viscoelastic mechanical testing was then performed on dissected posterior scleral strips and the data were combined with those reported earlier by our group from the same animal model (Palko et al, IOVS 2013). The association between age and scleral biomechanical properties was evaluated using multi-variate linear regression. The relationships between scleral properties and the mean and last measured intraocular pressure (IOP) were also evaluated. Our results showed that age was positively associated with complex modulus (p < 0.001) and negatively associated with loss tangent (p < 0.001) in both the affected and the normal groups, suggesting an increased stiffness and decreased mechanical damping with age. The regression slopes were not different between the groups, although the complex modulus was significantly lower in the affected group (p = 0.041). The posterior circumferential tangential strain was negatively correlated with complex modulus (R = -0.744, p = 0.006) showing consistent mechanical evaluation between the testing methods. Normalized ocular rigidity was negatively correlated with the last IOP in the affected group (p = 0.003). Despite a mutation that affects the extracellular matrix and a chronic IOP elevation in the affected dogs, age-associated scleral
European Package Tourists’ Behaviour and World Heritage Attraction: An Exploratory Study

This study aims to explore European tourists' experiences in world heritage attractions in order to establish and develop a critical and contextual model of tourists’ responses to world heritage as a tourism attraction. This study has been conducted in July 2007 on four package tourists from four European Countries (UK, France, Italy and Germany) in the context of the ancient city of Petra, Jordan. The study relied on tourists experiences to identify the main variables that may explain how tourists response to world heritage as a tourists attraction, and explain how heritage concepts and experiences vary cross-culturally. The study suggested a theoretical hypothesised model to investigate tourists’ responses to world heritage as a tourists' attraction.
Fortnightly review: drug treatment of depression.

Depression is a considerable mental health problem. It is often unrecognised or not properly treated and so causes distress, social impairment, and increased risk of mortality for the individual as well as large costs for society. However, several efficient treatments and strategies exist, of which antidepressant drugs are a main choice. ### Summary points In general, no antidepressant drug is clearly more effective than another Outcome can be significantly improved by non-pharmacological factors, such as good therapeutic alliance between the doctor and the patient A practical approach is to prefer newer antidepressants in mildly and moderately depressed patients and tricyclic antidepressants or venlafaxine in severely depressed patients Antidepressants take 1-4 weeks before an effect is evident; this delay may be longer in elderly people If patients do not respond, check compliance and reconsider the diagnosis before changing or adding drugs After the initial treatment response, the drug should be continued at the same dose for at least 4-6 months The dose should be gradually lowered over several weeks before withdrawal This article is based on a review of recent research on the use of antidepressants in depression. Central research papers and authoritative, comprehensive, and recent reviews are cited.1 In areas of uncertainty, we make suggestions based on personal experience. Most patients with major depression (box)2 are best treated with a combination of antidepressants and psychotherapy. Some patients with mild to moderate major depression may be helped by supportive care, problem solving, or specific psychotherapy such as cognitive therapy alone. However, the fact that the symptoms seem to be a reaction to environmental factors does not preclude drug treatment per se. ### Simplified diagnostic criteria for major depressive episode2 1. Depressed mood most of …
ANÁLISE DA VOLATILIDADE DA BASE DO CAFÉ ARÁBICA PARA A MESORREGIÃO DO SUL DE MINAS GERAIS VOLATILITY BASIS ANALYSIS OF THE ARABICA COFFEE FOR THE SOUTH OF MINAS MESOREGION

The southern Minas Gerais mesoregion is the main Arabica coffee producer in the Minas Gerais state and Brazil. Thus, there are many hedgers seeking to exchange price risk by basis risk, operating in the future market. In this context, this paper’s objective was to analyze the Arabica coffee basis volatility using the conditional heterocedasticity models of the ARCH family. It was found that basis shocks, whether positive or negative, take considerable time to dissipate. It was also found that bad news’ impact predominate over favorable news raising, thus, the basis volatility. Therefore, having knowledge of such movements, hedgers can anticipate their futures positions as best suits them, and hence to avoid major fluctuations in their revenues.
Acta Polytechnica

In the paper, the hydrodynamics of the liquid-gas mixture in the mixing chamber of the ejectors at different spatial positions was analyzed and the comparative study of such ejectors was carried out. It was found that a more ordered mode of movement of the mixture in the mixing chamber is created as a result of the coincidence of the velocity vector of liquid drops and the direction of gravity in the vertical position of the ejectors. This leads to increasing the volume entrainment ratio almost twice. The analysis of the liquid-gas mixture flow in the mixing chamber, evaluation calculations and research allowed to develop and to patent a jet apparatus with a conical-cylindrical (combined) mixing chamber. It was also found that for such ejectors, the volume entrainment ratio is 15–55 % higher than for a jet apparatus with a cylindrical mixing chamber due to the reduction of the resistance of the passive flow into the mixing chamber and prevention of the formation of reverse-circulating flows. A study has been conducted on liquid-gas ejectors in the range of the main geometric parameter m (ratio of the mixing chamber area to the nozzle area) 9.4–126.5, which allowed to establish its rational values at which the maximum volume entrainment ratio is achieved (m = 25–40).
Acta Polytechnica

Synthetic dyes were commonly used in textile industries such as Jumputan fabric industries in South Sumatera. Most of these industries were categorized as a home industry without a wastewater treatment plant, so the wastewater is released directly into waterbody. In general, the wastewater contains synthetic dyes, which are harmful to the environment and human body. Therefore, the wastewater needs to be treated before its release into the environment. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) is one of important synthetic dyes usually applied for colouring textile materials such as Jumputan fabric. The RR2 was used as a pollutant model in this research. The objective of the study is to compare the removal of RR2 by using Fenton/TiO2, Fenton/UV, and Fenton/TiO2/UV methods. Furthermore, the optimum conditions obtained were applied for the treatment of wastewater from Jumputan fabric industry. As a conclusion, the highest RR2 degradation of 100% was reached by using the Fenton/TiO2/UV method after 5 minutes of reaction. It was discovered that the optimum conditions were found when using [Fe]/[H2O2] molar ratio of 1:80, pH of 3, and TiO2 concentration of 0.4% (w/v). However, the application of the condition to the Jumputan wastewater treatment leads to Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of 94% within 120 minutes of reaction.
Acta Polytechnica

Research in the field of underactuated systems shows that control algorithms which take the natural dynamics of the system’s underactuated part into account are more energy-efficient than those utilizing fully-actuated systems. The purpose of this paper to apply the two-degrees-of-freedom (feedforward/feedback) control structure to design a swing-up manoeuver that involves tracking the desired trajectories so as to achieve and maintain the unstable equilibrium position of the pendulum on the cart system. The desired trajectories are obtained by solving the boundary value problem of the internal system dynamics, while the optimal state-feedback controller ensures that the desired trajectory is tracked with minimal deviations. The proposed algorithm is verified on the simulation model of the available laboratory model actuated by a linear synchronous motor, and the resulting program implementation is used to enhance the custom Simulink library Inverted Pendula Modeling and Control, developed by the authors of this paper.
An Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Retargeted Advertising – the Role of Frequency and Timing

In collaboration with an online seller of home-improvement products, we conduct a large-scale randomized field experiment to study the effects of retargeted advertising – a form of internet advertising in which banner ads are displayed to users after their visit to the advertiser’s web site. We find that retargeting increases consumer engagement with the website. Turning the advertising on causes 14.6% more users to return to the website in four weeks. We find that the effectiveness of advertising decreases as the time since the consumer first visits the website increases. 33% of the effect of first week’s advertising occurs on the very first day. Further, we also find clear evidence of the existence of complementarities in advertising over time – the effect of advertising in week 2 (the second week after the campaign started) is higher when the user was allocated to non-zero level of advertising in week 1. Taken together, our findings stand at odds with the view that retargeted ads inform or remind consumers of the advertised product. They are consistent with an “attention hoarding” or a “competition-blocking” role of advertising. ∗In reverse-alphabetical order of the authors’ last names. Web appendix to the paper can be found at https://people.stanford.edu/nsahni1/research. The authors can be reached at navdeep.sahni@stanford.edu (Navdeep), sridhar.narayanan@stanford.edu (Sridhar) and kkalyanam@gmail.com (Kirthi) respectively. They would like to thank BuildDirect.com, its CEO Jeff Booth, its Senior Marketing Manager Tyler Vautier and others at the firm for their help in setting up the experiment and making this project possible. The authors would also like to thank Sinan Aral, Avi Goldfarb, Garrett Johnson, Harikesh Nair, Aniko Oery, Stephan Seiler, Catherine Tucker, participants at the 2016 UT-Dallas FORMS conference, MIT Sloan marketing seminar, 2016 Greater China Conference on Mobile Big Data Marketing and the McGill University Marketing Seminar for their comments. Sridhar would like to thank the Philip F. Maritz Faculty Scholarship for support. Navdeep would like to thank the Lacob Family Faculty Scholarship.
Unsupervised Learning

What use can the brain make of the massive flow of sensory information that occurs without any associated rewards or punishments? This question is reviewed in the light of connectionist models of unsupervised learning and some older ideas, namely the cognitive maps and working models of Tolman and Craik, and the idea that redundancy is important for understanding perception (Attneave 1954), the physiology of sensory pathways (Barlow 1959), and pattern recognition (Watanabe 1960). It is argued that (1) The redundancy of sensory messages provides the knowledge incorporated in the maps or models. (2) Some of this knowledge can be obtained by observations of mean, variance, and covariance of sensory messages, and perhaps also by a method called minimum entropy coding. (3) Such knowledge may be incorporated in a model of what usually happens with which incoming messages are automatically compared, enabling unexpected discrepancies to be immediately identified. (4) Knowledge of the sort incorporated into such a filter is a necessary prerequisite of ordinary learning, and a representation whose elements are independent makes it possible to form associations with logical functions of the elements, not just with the elements themselves.
Gene amplification in neoplasia: A cytogenetic survey of 80 131 cases

Gene amplification is a crucial process in cancer development, leading to the overexpression of oncogenes. It manifests cytogenetically as extrachromosomal double minutes (dmin), homogeneously staining regions (hsr), or ring chromosomes (r). This study investigates the prevalence and distribution of these amplification markers in a survey of 80 131 neoplasms spanning hematologic disorders, and benign and malignant solid tumors. The study reveals distinct variations in the frequency of dmin, hsr, and r among different tumor types. Rings were the most common (3.4%) sign of amplification, followed by dmin (1.3%), and hsr (0.8%). Rings were particularly frequent in malignant mesenchymal tumors, especially liposarcomas (47.5%) and osteosarcomas (23.4%), dmin were prevalent in neuroblastoma (30.9%) and pancreatic carcinoma (21.9%), and hsr frequencies were highest in head and neck carcinoma (14.0%) and neuroblastoma (9.0%). Combining all three amplification markers (dmin/hsr/r), malignant solid tumors consistently exhibited higher frequencies than hematologic disorders and benign solid tumors. The structural characteristics of these amplification markers and their potential role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression highlight the complex interplay between cancer‐initiating gene‐level alterations, for example, fusion genes, and subsequent amplification dynamics. Further research integrating cytogenetic and molecular approaches is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these amplifications, in particular, the enigmatic question of why certain malignancies display certain types of amplification. Comparing the present results with molecular genetic data proved challenging because of the diversity in definitions of amplification across studies. This study underscores the need for standardized definitions in future work.
Data flow structure for multimodal human-robot collaboration in material handling

Material handling systems are challenges by ever increasing complexity due to customization, new product technologies, circularity requirements and increasing supply network interactions. In such a dynamic environment, proper use of robots can boost the efficiency of material handling systems. However, human-robot collaboration in material handling has not been in focus as a research agenda. Thus, it is not clear how the different requirements of human and robots from a data flow perspective should be addressed. In addition, human-robot collaboration in material handling should take into account some specific characteristics such as low visibility caused by constant movement for people, robots, and materials. This paper aims to take a step to cover this gap by proposing a framework that uses multimodal technologies to serve the purpose of safe and efficient human-robot collaboration in material handling. The proposed framework includes aspects such as human thoughts, robot assistance, real-time sensing, and human knowledge. A material handling scenario in a tested environment is presented for demonstration and verification purposes of the proposed framework. The results show that the proposed framework is beneficial to address the different requirements of human and robot in material handling. In addition, it is argued that efficient human-robot collaboration in material handling requires close attention to the monitoring of the work environment to ensure safe and efficient co-existence and collaboration.
Thematic Section: Opinions about Aquatic Ecology in a Changing World

From an anthropocentric perspective, aquatic environments are important to maintain health and survival, however, as they are sometimes managed based on misconception, they are considered a convergent pathway for anthropogenic residues and sanitation. Thus, it is observed that these ecosystems have been threatened by chemical pollution due to xenobiotics, especially from a more contemporary approach, by the selective pressure associated with antimicrobials. There are several studies that report the enrichment of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and mobilizable antimicrobial resistance genes in aquatic and adjacent ecosystems. From the perspective of the emerging and reemerging number of diseases related to the interplay of human, animal, and environmental factors, a new conception arose to address these issues holistically, which is known as the One Health approach. Scientific and political discourse on this conception should lead to effective action plans for preventing and controlling the spread of infectious diseases in open environment, including those impacted by anthropogenic activities. Therefore, nowadays, discussions on antimicrobial resistance are becoming broader and are requiring a multi-disciplinary view to address health and environmental challenges, which includes aquatic environment management. Water may represent one of the most important ecosystems for the in antimicrobial resistance phenomenon that arises when a dynamic and singular microbial community may be influenced by several characteristics. As antimicrobial substances do not all degrade at the same time under the same treatment, strategies concerning their removal from the environment should consider their individualized chemical characteristics.
Introduction: Elevation gradients in the tropics: laboratories for ecosystem ecology and global change research

Tropical forests have a major influence on global patterns of biodiversity, ecosystem ecology, productivity and biogeochemical cycles, but they remain relatively understudied. Moreover, our understanding of many global patterns (e.g. of how biodiversity, ecophysiology or ecosystem function vary with latitude) are often influenced by a handful of data points from tropical latitudes (in contrast to swarms of data points from temperate regions). The result is that the wet tropics are often treated as a warm, wet ‘end-point’ of most global analyses. However, comparison of tropical with extratropical regions is not straightforward, because of the vast geographical separations involved that lead to complications resulting from both biogeography and climate. The sheer size of the tropical zone implies further that comparison is necessary among tropical biomes, not just between climate zones. Here we argue that our understanding of ecosystem ecology and function can be greatly advanced by considering environmental gradients within the tropics, whether gradients of moisture or of other climate variables. In particular, the use of elevation gradients within the tropics is a particularly powerful tool to further