Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Microgranular Fertilizers to Reduce Nutrient Surpluses When Growing Maize (Zea mays) in Regions with High Livestock Farming Intensity

This contribution provides the first agroeconomic account of the application of a mineral microgranular fertilizer and an organomineral microgranular fertilizer directly beneath the corn in comparison to a common mineral band fertilizer in temperate climate regions. The focus of the study is on the reduction in phosphorus inputs while maintaining the yield of maize plants (Zea mays). The study used a three-year field trial to tabulate dry matter yields using the two phosphorus-reduced microgranular fertilizers, as well as a standard diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilization method. The application of the organomineral microgranular fertilizer resulted in dry matter yields that were 15% higher (2.8 Mg per hectare) than the DAP variant, while higher yields using the mineral microgranular fertilizer only occurred in a single year. The higher yield of the organomineral microgranular fertilizer and the lower phosphorus amounts as a result of using that product resulted in a moderate phosphorus excess of 2.7 kg P ha−1, while DAP fertilization resulted in a surplus of 25.5 kg per hectare. The phosphorus balance on the plots fertilized with the mineral microgranular fertilizer followed a pattern similar to that of the organomineral microgranular fertilizer. We conclude that both microgranular fertilizers, applied directly beneath the corn, provide an adequate alternative to widespread DAP fertilization as a fertilizer band in maize cultivation on fertile soils.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF DIMETHOATE ON NILE TILAPIA FISH

Dimethoate (DM) is one type of organophosphorus insecticide, that kills insects and mites both systemically and immediately upon contact and harms a range of non-target animals, including fish when it enters the aquatic habitat. This study aimed to determine the potentially harmful histopathological and biochemical impacts of Dimethoate on Nile tilapia fish. Sixty Oreochromis Niloticus freshwater fish, each weighing an average of 130 ± 10 g, were divided into two groups in triplicates. There were 6 groups, 3 control groups, and 3 experiment groups that received Dimethoate at a dose of 8 mg/l in water for 15 days. Blood samples were collected and used for biochemical indexes. For histological analysis, samples of the brain, gills, liver, and kidney were collected. The findings of the study demonstrated that fish treated with Dimethoate exhibited pale gills, anxious symptoms, as well as congestion and hemorrhages in many internal organs, comprising the brain, kidney, and liver. There was a significant increase in the blood levels of nitric oxide, lipid peroxide, and glutathione peroxidase and a significant fall in catalase levels in the Dimethoate group when compared to the control group. Pesticides, especially DM, should not be used carelessly in agriculture and allowed to accumulate in streams because of deleterious effects on fish.
Board Gender Quotas: Does One Size Fit All? A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

This study aims to contribute to the existing literature on the impact of various board characteristics on corporate financial performance, particularly the role of women on corporate boards. Using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (FSQCA), the study examines 200 non-financial firms listed at the EGX from 2014 to 2019. The results support complexity theory tenets, indicating that corporate financial performance depends on complex combinations of board and corporate characteristics, rather than singular linear relationships suggested by traditional regression analysis. By featuring 16 unique board and corporate feature combinations, the findings provide governance guidance for corporate managers to achieve high financial outcomes, including combinations with low board gender diversity. This study offers insightful recommendations for policymakers on corporate governance and board gender quotas. It adds to the discussion on how board features affect financial performance, specifically the impact of women on boards. Importantly, the study provides practical implications for governance and policymakers.
Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of the Punta del Este and Pelotas basins (offshore Uruguay)

Regional seismic reflection profiles and well data from the Uruguayan margin were integrated in order to analyse and illustrate its tectonic and stratigraphic evolution. The evolution of the Punta del Este and Pelotas basins is divided into four major phases: pre-rift (Palaeozoic); rift (Jurassic–Early Cretaceous); transition (Barremian–Aptian) and post-rift (Aptian–Present). Each of these phases is characterized by a specific structural configuration and a stratigraphic architecture related to basin type, tectonic elements, sediment supply and base-level changes. During the geological evolution of the Uruguayan continental margin, a NE migration of depocentres occurred. The Cretaceous depocentre is located in the Punta del Este Basin, while the Cenozoic depocentre is located in the Pelotas Basin.
Arbitrariness of Speech in Adult Active Internet Users: Types and Intensity of Deformations

Objectives Testing the hypothesis about the presence of a long-term negative effect of Internet practices on the arbitrariness of speech in adults. Methods The study is based on a retrospective approach, which is a combination of an ex post facto research and a cross section. The participants in the control group were adults (n = 50; 20 men, 30 women; age 46.9±6.14) who keep the habit of traditional print reading. The experimental group consisted of individuals (n = 50; 20 men, 30 women; age 45.1±6.16) who abandoned this habit in favor of Internet practices. The evaluation of arbitrariness of speech was carried out using the method of "Opposites" (Susanna Rubinstein). Groups for the cross-sectional study were, on the one hand, a "pre-digital" person (rate of implementation of the method by healthy adults until 2000); on the other hand, modern young people (n=50; 20 young men, 39 young women; age 19.58±0.94). Results The cross section allowed to determine the following hierarchy in order of the arbitrariness deterioration: 1) pre-digital person; 2) modern adult reader; 3) modern active Internet users of different ages. The ex post facto research found significant reductions in the indicators of arbitrariness of speech in the experimental group, which are presented in two types of deformations: “weakening of control” (deformation coefficient – two) and “weakness of control in combination with lexical deficit” (deformation coefficient – seven). Conclusion The results obtained do not contradict the hypothesis about the deformation of cognitive functions in adults as a long-term effect of the Internet use. The idea of cognitive unloading mechanism, which explains the appearance of cognitive deformations through the specifics of Internet information coding, is expressed.
Characteristic of Microplastic on Coral Reef Sediment and Sea Urchin (Diadema sp.) in Tidung Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia

Microplastics are recognized as common contaminants of coral ecosystem in Tidung Island, affecting both sediment and sea urchins residing in this environment. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the characteristics of microplastics found in sediment, the mouth, and the digestive system of sea urchins (Diadema sp.), assessing the relationship between coral cover percentage and microplastic type and size, and the transfer of microplastics from sediment to sea urchins. Sampling was conducted twice, namely in October 2021 and October 2022. Microplastics in sediments were extracted using ZnCl2. The destruction process of sea urchins used 30% H2O2 and FeSO4.7H2O, while the microplastics were identified with Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results showed that the microplastics found in the sediments and sea urchins were similar in terms of shape, color, size, and plastic polymers. The forms of microplastics found in this study were fibre, fragment, and foam with fibre predominance, based on the results obtained. The size of microplastics found in sediments and sea urchins was dominated by sizes >1000 µm. Fibres were found in hard coral (HC) and dead coral (DC) conditions while fragments and foams were present in turf algae (TA), sponge (SP), and soft coral (SC) conditions. The microplastics found in sea urchins originate in part from sediments because they have similar characteristics. Sea urchins ingested microplastics from sediment, particularly those grown by algae as a food source. The increase in the number of microplastics found in sediment could potentially result in higher abundance in the biota.
Three-Stage Deep Learning Framework for Video Surveillance

The escalating use of security cameras has resulted in a surge in images requiring analysis, a task hindered by the inefficiency and error-prone nature of manual monitoring. In response, this study delves into the domain of anomaly detection in CCTV security footage, addressing challenges previously encountered in analyzing videos with complex or dynamic backgrounds and long sequences. We introduce a three-stage deep learning architecture designed to detect abnormalities in security camera videos. The first stage employs a pre-trained convolutional neural network to extract features from individual video frames. Subsequently, these features are transformed into time series data in the second stage, utilizing a blend of bidirectional long short-term memory and multi-head attention to analyze short-term frame relationships. The final stage leverages relative positional embeddings and a custom Transformer encoder to interpret long-range frame relationships and identify anomalies. Tested on various open datasets, particularly those with complex backgrounds and extended sequences, our method demonstrates enhanced accuracy and efficiency in video analysis. This approach not only improves current security camera analysis but also shows potential for diverse application settings, signifying a significant advancement in the evolution of security camera monitoring and analysis technologies.
The Effect of Global Oil and Gas Prices and Production Fluctuations on the Economy of Nigeria

Once a cornerstone of the U.S. economy, crude oil production now experiences a paradigm shift, abundant for domestic consumption and export, signaling a lasting global oil price transformation. Despite a surge in U.S. hydrocarbon production and weakening oil prices, imports from Nigeria dramatically dropped from 1.5 million barrels per day in 2006 to 0.2 million in 2013, ceasing entirely by early 2014. Consequently, Nigeria faced a sudden depletion of trade surpluses and reduced foreign reserves. This study delves into the immediate and long-term challenges confronting Nigeria, particularly examining the impact of recent oil and gas price fluctuations on key macroeconomic factors. Findings highlight the balance of payments' high elasticity to oil price shifts and low elasticity to money supply changes with a coefficient of determination of 78.69%. Additionally, the exchange rate shows low elasticity to oil price changes and moderate elasticity to money supply variations with a coefficient of determination of 82.80%.
The Impact of Climate change on Water Resources in Northern Sri Lanka: Stakeholder Perspectives

Climate change is a global phenomenon affecting the entire planet, including Sri Lanka. The Northern Province of Sri Lanka is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, especially regarding water resources. Public awareness of climate change and its impact on water resources is crucial for sustainable water management practices in the study area. In this context, this study attempted to analyze public perception of the climate change impact on the water resources of Northern Sri Lanka. There are different groups of water users in the study area. They were stratified as agriculture water users, industrial water users, fishing water users and domestic and drinking water users. Accordingly, a questionnaire survey was conducted using a stratified sampling method to identify consumer perceptions, and the collected data were analyzed using the SPSS tool. 87% of the consumers believe that climate change has a significant impact on water resources, and 50% of the people expressed vulnerability of the agriculture sector to the climate change impact on water resources. Water scarcity during the yala season became a crucial threat to paddy cultivation in the study area. Other kind of water users such as industrial water users, fishing water users and drinking and domestic water users face difficulties in obtaining water resources for their needs during the SWMS and FIMS. Furthermore, drinking and domestic water users mentioned that they face water quality issues especially during July, August and September. During the southwest monsoon season, water users face difficulties in obtaining water for their domestic needs due to water scarcity. Majority of the water users know about climate change, but many of them don’t know how climate change affects their water sources. Water suppliers should implement special projects regarding climate change impacts on water resources in the study area. This will lead the water users to use water efficiently and protect the water sources sustainably.
Multi-scale modelling of thermoplastic-based woven composites, cyclic and time-dependent behaviour

Dans ce travail de these, une modelisation multi-echelle est mise en place a partir du concept d’homogeneisation periodique pour etudier le comportement cyclique et dependant du temps des composites tisses a matrice thermoplastique. Avec l’approche proposee, le comportement macroscopique du composite est determine a partir d’une simulation elements finis effectuee sur une cellule unitaire representative de la microstructure periodique, ou les lois de comportement des constituants sont directement integrees, a savoir: la matrice et les torons. La reponse locale de la matrice est decrite par une loi de comportement phenomenologique multi-mecanismes integrant viscoelasticite, viscoplasticite et endommagement ductile. Pour les torons, une loi de comportement hybride micromecanique-phenomenologique est consideree. Cette derniere prend en compte l’endommagement anisotrope et l’anelasticite induite par la presence d’un reseau diffus de microfissures a travers une description micromecanique d’un volume elementaire representatif contenant des microfissures. Les capacites du modele multi-echelles sont validees en comparant les predictions numeriques aux essais experimentaux. Les capacites du modele sont egalement illustrees a travers plusieurs exemples ou le composite subit des deformations dependantes du temps lors de chargements monotones, de chargements a amplitude constante ou cyclique et encore lors de chargement multiaxiaux non proportionnels. En outre, le modele multi-echelle est aussi utilise pour analyser l’influence des mecanismes de deformation locaux sur la reponse macroscopique du composite.
The use of Gazania rigens L. plants spayed with citric acid for heavy metals pollution phytoremediation (A) Effect of Lead

During the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, this study was conducted at the nursery of the Department of Flowers, Ornamental Plants, and Landscape Gardens, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. The purpose of the study was to determine whether lead phytoremediation could be accomplished by spraying Gazania rigens plants with citric acid and its effects on the vegetative growth and chemical composition of G. rigens plants. This study used four levels of lead in irrigation water (0 - 100 - 200 - 300 mg/l) and three concentrations of citric acid (0- 250-500 mg/l) sprayed on leaves and the interaction between them on vegetative growth, chemical content of Gazanis plants, and soil content were studied. The results showed a considerable difference between lead concentrations and foliar citric acid spray for vegetative growth metrics. While all parameters significantly decreased following irrigation with water containing lead, vegetative growth parameters significantly improved with the application of 500 mg/l citric acid. The highest significant amounts of lead content in leaves and roots were found in plants treated with 300 mg/l lead without the application of citric acid, whereas the highest significant amounts of chlorophyll and carbohydrates were found in plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed without citric acid. A higher lead concentration in the soil after planting was also generated by the combination of 500 mg/l citric acid and 300 mg/l lead.
Factors affecting first ovulation in postpartum dairy cows under tropical conditions: A review

It is documented that the reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows is influenced by both internal and external factors. One of the most important reproductive performance indices is the first ovulation postpartum. This review aimed to describe factors affecting first ovulation postpartum in dairy cows, particularly those raised under tropical climates. Negative energy balance and its consequences; metabolic disorders; uterine pathology; udder health; lameness; and heat stress are discussed for their potential effects on the first ovulation postpartum. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of those affecting factors would assist in justifying the treatment and prevention plans in order to optimize the reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows.
Asociación de los genes implicados en la codificación de proteina de unión a la penicilina 2a (pbp2a) con la expresión fenotípica de resistencia a la meticilina en cepas De staphylococcus spp.

RESULTADOS De 9 cepas de S. aureus resistentes por difusion en disco solo 1 fue sensible por CIM. De 7 cepas resistentes por CIM, fueron sensibles por difusion en disco. Por el contrario las 7 cepas de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo sensibles por difusion en disco fueron resistentes por CIM. En cuanto a la prueba de produccion de PBP2a, los resultados fueron discordantes con la prueba de difusion en disco en 20 % y con CIM en 34% . El genotipo, revelo: 60 cepas de S. aureus 10(17%), y 7 cepas de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo, 4 (57%) son portadoras del gen mecA. De las 10 cepas de S. aureus mecA positivo, 5 portan el gen mecR1 y 7 portan el gen mecI. De las 4 cepas de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo mecA positivo 2 portan el gen mecR1 y 2 portan el gen mecI.
Use of preheated air in primitive furnaces: Comments on views of Avery and Schmidt

The opinion has been published (see AATA 21-1085) that extended tuyeres (air-injection tubes) in primitive charcoal-fired iron smelting furnaces preheat the combustion air to an important degree in early African furnaces. Measurements taken of air temperature inside tuyeres in an operating native furnace have been presented in support of this thesis. It is shown here that the method of temperature measurement was incapable of measuring air temperature with even approximate accuracy, the reported values being seriously high. It is also pointed out that heat transfer to air in a hot tuyere is largely by convection, and that under the conditions of operation of the experimental furnace the temperature increase of the air would be 22 ° C or less, an amount very minor in effect. Furthermore, it is pointed out that maximum furnace temperatures over 1,600 ° C are readily obtained in charcoal furnaces with combustion air at ambient temperature, and so no special explanation is necessary for the observed smelting results. It is concluded that there is little air-preheat in long tuyeres and therefore an early novel smelting technique in Africa has not been demonstrated.
Correction of Atmospheric and Topographic Effects on Landsat TM Imagery

A modified cosine correction algorithm is developed for correcting atmospheric and topographic effects on Landsat TM imagery over rugged terrain. First, a relationship between offset component (such as path radiance) and terrain height is evaluated using 6S code as well as actual satellite data in shadowed area. It is shown that the offset component decreases significantly in visible bands as the height increases, while it can be assumed constant in infrared bands. Next, we examine the relationship between local topography and sensor radiance, which is expected to follow the cosine law of solar incident angle. Their correlation is high in all bands, but is higher in infrared bands which contains more direct solar irradiance due to high reflectance of vegetation. We apply the modified cosine correction (offset correction and the cosine law correction) to actual Landsat TM images with high solar elevation angle. The results can be judged good not only by visual interpretation but also from a statistical viewpoint. It is emphasized that the accurate DEM is necessary both for ortho rectification and cosine law correction. keywords : DEM, path radiance, radiative transfer model, rugged terrain, solar incident angle
Young people leaving and returning home in Europe and the United States: a microeconometric analysis.

We sought to establish how young people's process of household formation differs across countries. Our particular focus was on departures from the parental home and returns to it. We used large micro datasets to explore the determinants of these flows, with specific attention to economic factors. We presented international evidence on the differences in living arrangements and departure rates, and reviewed the problem and the literature. We realised that home-leaving had found limited space in the economic literature until only very recently, while previous research mainly consisted of descriptive cross-sectional studies of living arrangements, with rare cross-country quantitative analyses. We therefore highlighted the areas of research that required further analysis. Since there are large differences in household structure within Europe and in comparison to the US, we posited a simple theoretical framework and estimated a dynamic model of departure from home with multiple destinations. Using several datasets (ECHP, BHPS, SOEP, NLSY) we analysed how the determinants of departure compare and whether the differences in residential decisions can be explained by looking at children's and parents' income and labour market situation. Our results suggest that, for Southern Europeans, economic circumstances are significant but their effects are small, while for the UK and the US the effects of economic variables are much larger, with potential income being a more important covariate than current income. Finally, we examined young people's return to the parental home. After presenting basic descriptive statistics showing high return rates across countries for unmarried youth, we showed that the role of economic factors is important in the UK and the US, indicating that returning to the family appears to provide a fall-back solution for young unmarried people. We found significant differences between countries, as well as between genders and between married vs. unmarried youth.