Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroinflammation in the Central Nervous System: Exploring the Evolving Influence of Endocannabinoid System

Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process that typically originates as a protective response in the brain. This inflammatory process is triggered by the release of pro-inflammatory substances like cytokines, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from stimulated endothelial and glial cells, including those with pro-inflammatory functions, in the outer regions. While neuronal inflammation is common in various central nervous system disorders, the specific inflammatory pathways linked with different immune-mediated cell types and the various factors influencing the blood-brain barrier significantly contribute to disease-specific characteristics. The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for synthesizing and metabolizing endocannabinoids. The primary cannabinoid receptor is CB1, predominantly found in specific brain regions such as the brainstem, cerebellum, hippocampus, and cortex. The presence of CB2 receptors in certain brain components, like cultured cerebellar granular cells, Purkinje fibers, and microglia, as well as in the areas like the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum is also evidenced by immunoblotting assays, radioligand binding, and autoradiography studies. Both CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors exhibit noteworthy physiological responses and possess diverse neuromodulatory capabilities. This review primarily aims to outline the distribution of CB1 and CB2 receptors across different brain regions and explore their potential roles in regulating neuroinflammatory processes.
REE, U, Th, and Hf distribution in zircon from Western Carpathian Variscan granitoids: A combined cathodoluminescence and ion microprobe study

A cathodoluminescence (CL) investigation on individual zircon crystals from Variscan S-type granites from the Western Carpathians has been combined with ion microprobe rare earth element (REE) and trace element analyses to explore possible connections between the CL emission of natural zircon crystals and their chemical composition. The work was supported by single zircon U-Pb dating, both by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) and ion microprobe, which helped to identify inherited zircon cores derived from related protoliths and to constrain the ages of inheritance and anatexis. Neither the REE nor trace elements such as Y or Th were found to have any direct correlation with the CL brightness. The intensity of the CL signals was not directly reflected in the REE concentrations or the shape of the REE patterns. Uranium is probably the element responsible for quenching or suppressing the CL signals. Zircon cores inherited from different protoliths were distinguished by their REE patterns. This enabled, within a particular geological area, the identification of inherited cores which possibly originate from the same protolith and therefore might lie on the same discordance line, thereby improving the accuracy of inheritance ages inferred from TIMS single zircon analyses.
Innovative analytical and statistical technology as a corruption counteraction tool: conceptual analysis

The article is devoted to conceptual analysis of the problem of innovative analytical and statistical technologies implementations as a corruption prevention tool. This study defines corruption as the unlawful use of administrative resources for personal or group benefits, violating both formal and informal norms. It is stated that “corruption counteraction” means actions to prevent, combat, and mitigate corruption in society. The paper introduces several approaches for analytical and statistical technologies classification with grouping such technologies into high, middle and low technologies. Hi-tech is applied to the most advanced technologies based on scientific and technical progress and associated with automated technology. Automated analytical and statistical technologies are innovative in utilizing machine learning, deep learning, neural networks, NLP, network analysis, and real-time data analysis. The use of such technologies, which autonomously perform tasks previously reserved for humans, has shown potential for more effective corruption counteraction. So, “innovative analytical and statistical technology” is defined as a modern collection of methods and tools for data analysis, designed to identify complex dependencies and useful patterns in data, improving decision-making, and detecting anomalies.
Application of an urban runoff model using surface specific parameters

Catchment urbanisation has led to a dramatic decline waterway health. The high percentage of impervious surfaces prevalent in urban areas can affect the ecological, economic and social function of our creeks, rivers and bays. Current engineering practice aims to limit this decline using the principles of water sensitive urban design (WSUD). An essential component of this design process is the estimation of stormwater pollutant loads based on catchment characteristics. Current practice involves the estimation of pollutant loads based on land use type. As WSUD seeks to emphasise ‘at source’ controls there is a need to estimate for finer scale catchments. It is anticipated that the use of surface type rather than land use type to determine catchment pollutant loads will prove more accurate at a finer scale. A mass balance model developed by Brodie (2006) utilises surface type to determine pollutant loads. This dissertation applies Brodie’s mass balance model to a small catchment in Brisbane, QLD to determine the ability of the mass balance model to predict suspended solid loads. This dissertation compares the measured and predicted event mean concentrations of suspended solids over a number of storm events. The result was a poor correlation between predicted and measured data sets due to large inaccuracies in the measured rainfall and use of previously calibrated particle accumulation and washoff parameters not specific to the catchment. A major outcome involves providing comments on the further application of the mass balance model and conducting an error analysis to determine highly sensitive model parameters. The outcome is applicable to stormwater engineers and future users of the mass balance model.
The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change

The new edition of Dessler and Parson’s acclaimed book provides an integrated treatment of the science, technology, economics, policy, and politics of climate change. Aimed at the educated non-specialist, and at courses in environmental policy or climate change, the book clearly lays out the scientific foundations of climate change, the issues in current policy debates, and the interactions between science and politics that make the climate change debate so contentious and confusing. This new edition is brought completely up-to-date to reflect the rapid movement of events related to climate change, including the recent findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Stern Review on the economics of climate change, and recent policy initiatives up to the 2009 Copenhagen meeting. In addition, all sections of the book have been improved; in particular a more thorough primer on the basic science of climate change is included. The book also now integrates the discussion of contrarian claims with the discussion of current scientific knowledge, extends the discussion of cost and benefit estimates, and provides an improved glossary.
Inversion of earthquake focal mechanisms to obtain the seismotectonic stress IV—a new method free of choice among nodal planes

Summary A new method is presented, to obtain the stress state that best accounts for a set of double couple focal mechanisms of earthquakes. This method is based on the slip shear stress component (SSSC) criterion. The sum of the SSSC values is maximized as a function of four unknowns that describe the reduced stress tensor, including the orientations of the principal stress axes and the ratio between the principal stress differences. This new method combines two advantages. First, no choice between the nodal planes of each focal mechanism is needed, because of the intrinsic properties of the SSSC. Secondly, the runtime is negligible regardless of the size of the data set, because the inverse problem is solved by analytical means so that the numerical aspects are reduced to a minimum. For these reasons, the SSSC-based inversion is easily included in a variety of processes for separating or refining the data. A typical set of focal mechanisms of earthquakes in Taiwan is processed to illustrate the application and potential of the new method.
A genome‑wide approach to the systematic and comprehensive analysis of LIM gene family in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

The LIM domain-containing proteins are dominantly found in plants and play a significant role in various biological processes such as gene transcription as well as actin cytoskeletal organization. Nevertheless, genome-wide identification as well as functional analysis of the LIM gene family have not yet been reported in the economically important plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Therefore, we conducted an in silico identification and characterization of LIM genes in S. bicolor genome using integrated bioinformatics approaches. Based on phylogenetic tree analysis and conserved domain, we identified five LIM genes in S. bicolor (SbLIM) genome corresponding to Arabidopsis LIM (AtLIM) genes. The conserved domain, motif as well as gene structure analyses of the SbLIM gene family showed the similarity within the SbLIM and AtLIM members. The gene ontology (GO) enrichment study revealed that the candidate LIM genes are directly involved in cytoskeletal organization and various other important biological as well as molecular pathways. Some important families of regulating transcription factors such as ERF, MYB, WRKY, NAC, bZIP, C2H2, Dof, and G2-like were detected by analyzing their interaction network with identified SbLIM genes. The cis-acting regulatory elements related to predicted SbLIM genes were identified as responsive to light, hormones, stress, and other functions. The present study will provide valuable useful information about LIM genes in sorghum which would pave the way for the future study of functional pathways of candidate SbLIM genes as well as their regulatory factors in wet-lab experiments.
Global MHD simulation of the magnetosphere for November 24, 1996

Using Wind-measured solar wind data, we have simulated the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere for the period 1930–2330 UT on November 24, 1996. The simulation model is a global, three-dimensional, MHD formulation. This event is the focus of a Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) substorm challenge. The event features a strongly northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) period, followed by a sudden rotation to steadily southward. About 80 min after the Wind-observed north-south transition a substorm was observed by the Polar-visible imaging system (VIS). There was good data coverage throughout this period, and the modeling community was challenged to simulate the event. During the northward period the simulation produces a small open polar cap at high magnetic latitudes, especially on the dawnside, where a polar arc was observed by the Polar-VIS and was reproduced in the simulation results. The simulation also shows the ionospheric response to the southward transition in the IMF propagate from the day side to the night side in only a few minutes, consistent with Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) data. Later, the simulation also produces a substorm, but it occurs nearly a half hour earlier than was observed. Numerical experiments were performed by altering the solar wind IMF to investigate the sensitivity of substorm onset timing to this parameter. The model substorms occur spontaneously and do not show a strong correlation between an IMF-induced convection reduction and the onset. The initial event in the expansion onset of the simulation substorm is the beginning of fast magnetic reconnection at ∼ 20 RE in the stressed magnetotail.
The Sinking of the M.S. Explorer : Implications for Cruise Tourism in Arctic Canada

BUILT IN 1969, AND AFFECTIONATELY KNOWN as “the little red ship,” the MS Explorer was the first vessel specifically designed for transport of passengers in the polar regions (Fig. 1). Under the name Lindblad Explorer, she took passengers to Antarctica in the 1969–70 austral summer (Splettstoesser, 2000), and in 1984 she was the first ship to take visitors through the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic. These achievements earned the Explorer an esteemed reputation in the niche polar travel sector. Ironically, however, the Explorer was also the first cruise ship to sink in polar waters, off the coast of the Antarctic Peninsula, in November 2007 (see Fig. 2). This incident is a sad tribute to the veteran polar cruise ship and a concern for all who support responsible tourism in Antarctica and who care about the conservation of the Antarctic environment. A major incident involving a cruise vessel, such as this, came as little surprise; it was an accident some observers had predicted was waiting to happen (Stewart and Draper, 2006). This prediction was premised on the facts that the number of cruise vessels operating in both the Arctic and Antarctic had been increasing and that, since 2000, large cruise liners that were not ice-strengthened had entered the Antarctic cruise market. What came as a surprise was that the first sinking was of a veteran ice-strengthened vessel designed and purposely outfitted for polar travel. Even more surprising was that, at the time of the incident, the cruise ship was operating in seemingly benign ice and calm weather conditions. This essay provides an overview of polar cruise tourism trends, highlighting the important role played by the ill-fated Explorer and describing briefly what happened to her in Antarctica, and comments on the implications of the incident for cruise tourism in light of climate warming in the Arctic.
Evidence for a nonmonotonic relationship between ecosystem‐scale peatland methane emissions and water table depth

Although temporal and spatial variations in peatland methane (CH4) emissions at broad scales are often related to water table (WT) using a linear relationship, a potentially complex relationship exists between these variables locally and over shorter time scales. To explore this issue, CH4 fluxes were measured using eddy covariance at the Mer Bleue bog over two summer seasons. Peak CH4 emissions (30 to 50 mg CH4‐C m−2 d−1) occurred not when the WT was closest to the surface but instead, when it dropped to 40 to 55 cm below the surface. When the WT was below or above this zone, average fluxes were ~14 mg CH4‐C m−2 d−1. We speculate this critical zone coincides with the necessary redox potentials and sources of fresh organic material that lead to maximum production of CH4 and/or with conditions that lead to degassing of stored CH4. However, as expected, total summer CH4 emissions were 47% lower during the drier year. This occurred in part because the WT was within the critical zone for fewer days in the drier year but also because after an extended midsummer dry period there was little recovery of CH4 emissions, even a month after rewetting.
Rapid Trace Detection of Sulfite Residue in White Wine Using a Multichannel Colorimetric Nanozyme Sensor

As a commonly used food additive, sulfite (SO32−) is popular with food manufacturers due to the functions of bleaching, sterilizing, and oxidation resistance. However, excess sulfites can pose a threat to human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to achieve rapid and sensitive detection of SO32−. Herein, a colorimetric sensor was invented for visual, meticulous, and rapid detection of SO32− based on MIL-53(Fe/Mn). Bimetallic nanozyme MIL-53(Fe/Mn) was prepared by a one-pot hydrothermal reaction. The prepared MIL-53(Fe/Mn) can effectively catalyze the oxidation of colorless TMB to a blue oxidation product (oxTMB). The introduction of SO32− causes significant discoloration of the reaction system, gradually transitioning from a visible blue color to colorless. Hence, a sensitive colorimetric sensor for SO32− detection was developed based on the decolorization degree of the detection system. Further, the discoloration was ascribed to the inactivation of nanozyme and the strong reducing ability of SO32−. Under the optimal experimental conditions, there was a good linear relationship between the absorbance at 652 nm and SO32− concentration in the linear range of 0.5–6 μg mL−1 with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 μg mL−1. The developed method was successfully applied to the detection of actual samples of white wine with good accuracy and recovery. Compared to traditional methods, this colorimetric sensor produces similar detection results but significantly reduces the detection time. Compared to traditional methods, this colorimetric sensor can not only reduce the detection costs effectively but also help the food industry maintain quality standards. Strong anti-interference capability, simple operation, and low detection limits ensure the excellent performance of the colorimetric sensor in detecting SO32− in white wine. The combination of a smartphone and a colorimetric analysis application has also greatly facilitated the semi-quantitative, visual on-site detection of SO32−, which has opened up an application prospect of an MIL-53(Fe/Mn)-based detection platform. Our work has indicated a new direction for the detection of SO32− and provided important assurance for food safety.
Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA Methylation Patterns and Investigation of Integration Status in Head and Neck Cancer Cases

Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a pivotal factor in the progression of cervical cancer. In recent years, an increasing interest has emerged in comprehending the influence of HPV on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Notably, it is well established that HPV-associated HNSCC show cases with distinct molecular and clinical attributes compared to HPV-negative cases. The present study delves into the epigenetic landscape of HPV16, specifically its L1 gene and untranslated region (UTR), through pyrosequencing, while the HPV16 DNA physical status was evaluated using E2/E6 ratio analysis in HPV16-positive HNSCC FFPE biopsies. Our findings reveal substantial methylation across six sites within the HPV16 L1 gene and seven sites in the UTR. Specifically, methylation percentages of two L1 CpG sites (7136, 7145) exhibit significant associations with tumor histological grade (p < 0.01), while proving concurrent methylation across multiple sites. The HPV16 DNA physical status was not correlated with the methylation of viral genome or tumor characteristics. This is the first study that examines epigenetic modifications and the HPV16 DNA physical status in Greek HNSCC patients. Our findings suggest an orchestrated epigenetic modulation among specific sites, impacting viral gene expression and intricate virus–host interactions.
The Aouelloul crater, Mauritania: On the problem of confirming the impact origin of a small crater

Abstract— The impact origin of small craters in sedimentary rocks is often difficult to confirm because of the lack of characteristic shock metamorphic features. A case in point is the 3.1 Ma Aouelloul crater (Mauritania), 390 m in diameter, which is exposed in an area of Ordovician Oujeft and Zli sandstone. We studied several fractured sandstone samples from the crater rim for the possible presence of shock metamorphic effects. In thin section, a large fraction of the quartz grains show abundant subplanar and planar fractures. Many of the fractures are healed and are evident only as fluid inclusion trails. A few grains showed sets of narrow and densely spaced fluid inclusions trails in one (rarely two) orientations per grain, which could be possible remnants of planar deformation features (PDFs), although such an interpretation is not unambiguous. In contrast, an impact origin of the crater is confirmed by Re‐Os isotope studies of the target sandstone and glass found around the crater rim, which show the presence of a distinct extraterrestrial component in the glass.
Insight into the transcriptome of the small intestine in pups born from corticosterone-treated rats

The brain-gut axis plays a critical role in modulating gastrointestinal (GI) function through the autonomic nervous system. Stress leads to pathological conditions in the GI tract, which affects the gut microbiome composition, secretion, intestinal permeability. Corticosterone is a steroid hormone produced in the adrenal cortex and is associated with stress. Previous studies showed that corticosterone plays a vital role in regulating various aspects of GI function. This hormone can affect permeability, the microbiome, and inflammation, and its dysregulation can lead to the development of GI disorder. 1,2 Corticosterone has been administered to animal models to investigate the impact of chronic stress, and cortisol levels are elevated in pups born from pregnant rats treated
Health-related professional competence of physical education teachers: Narrative review and heuristic model

Physical education (PE) is one setting in which pupils may acquire knowledge and skills to lead physically active lives. PE teachers play a key role in fostering respective health-related competences in pupils. For this, they themselves need appropriate professional competences. The purpose of this article is to highlight research trends on, and to propose a heuristic model for PE teachers’ health-related professional competence. Research trends and gaps are identified by a narrative literature review. The heuristic model describes several knowledge domains, beliefs, motivational orientations, and self-regulation as subdimensions of health-related professional competence. It is intended to provide an overview of important competence aspects and to serve as an orientation for further work.
A Drop in the Ocean? Fostering Water-Saving Behavior and Spillover Through Information Provision and Feedback

Pro-environmental change is essential to address climate change. Impact from behavior change interventions increases if non-target behaviors also change. Here, we explore such behavioral spillover effects following a water conservation behavioral intervention and examine whether they are mediated by changes in relevant identities and beliefs. We used a persuasive intervention to encourage 150 participants to reduce daily shower-times over 14 days to conserve water. The intervention comprised information-provision, eliciting a shower time reduction commitment, and (for half the sample) progress feedback. We found that participants reduced shower time (by 38%) and intended to engage more in water-saving and pro-environmental activities, but we found no evidence of behavioral spillover (i.e., non-targeted intention change was not mediated by change in the target behavior). There was no additional effect on behavior change of receiving feedback. We discuss the implications of these findings for spillover in theory and practice.