Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Code smell prioritization in object‐oriented software systems: A systematic literature review

Code smells indicate poor design and imperfection in coding style. They increase maintenance costs and degrade software quality. Detecting and mitigating these code smells reduce the effects of flaws present in the software design. However, to save time and effort, it is a good practice to prioritize critical code smells and resolve them first. There have been various empirical studies on code smell prioritization in the last decades. Although the research community has been continuously working on the prioritization of code smells, yet a systematic mapping of all these studies would provide a panorama of research work. With this motivation, we selected 39 primary studies published between May 2011 and May 2022 and classified them based on seven factors: (i) code smells, (ii) factors, (iii) evaluation techniques, (iv) tools, (v) ranking formulas, (vi) data sets used, and (vii) measurements used for validating the research work. This paper aims to outline and discuss the prioritization procedure for code smells in object‐oriented software systems. The issues and recommendations for every question act as input for the researchers and industrialists for further research. Some issues for further investigation are less coverage of architecture smells, limited ranking formulas, lack of automated evaluation techniques, and so forth.
Reinforcement Learning for Collaborative Search and Rescue Using Unmanned Aircraft System Swarms

This work presents a novel approach to search and rescue, and other wide-area search problems, by combining the effectiveness of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with the power of Subsumption architecture in a collaborative multi-agent system. We present a multi-agent parameter-sharing deep reinforcement learning paradigm with an action space consisting of the activation of an array of premade “roles. ” Each role is a collection of individual behaviors organized in a Subsumption-inspired hierarchy. We describe a low-cost implementation of our approach and its results using a basic DRL algorithm, DQN, and a simple reward signal. Using only a small amount of training time and power with our minimal implementation, we were able to see improvement in swarm performance over baseline statistical methods. These results indicate that our technique can be extended to achieve even greater performance results over a wide variety of problem sets. Additionally, this technique can be extended to many problems within the swarm and collaborative multi-agent system space.
Ab initio calculation of hydrostatic absolute deformation potential of semiconductors

The hydrostatic absolute deformation potential (ADP) of the valence-band maximum state is one of the most important properties of semiconductors. Yet, it has been calculated in the past only using assumptions that have not been rigorously approved. In this letter, we present an approach to calculate the hydrostatic ADP of Si, GaAs, and ZnSe using an ab initio all-electron method and lattice harmonic expansions. We show that the calculated ADP is independent of the selection of the reference energy levels. The calculated ADPs are all positive for the three systems. However, as the p-d coupling increases in the II-VI compounds, the ADP decreases.The hydrostatic absolute deformation potential (ADP) of the valence-band maximum state is one of the most important properties of semiconductors. Yet, it has been calculated in the past only using assumptions that have not been rigorously approved. In this letter, we present an approach to calculate the hydrostatic ADP of Si, GaAs, and ZnSe using an ab initio all-electron method and lattice harmonic expansions. We show that the calculated ADP is independent of the selection of the reference energy levels. The calculated ADPs are all positive for the three systems. However, as the p-d coupling increases in the II-VI compounds, the ADP decreases.
Phase-change control of ferromagnetism in GeTe-based phase change magnetic thin-films by pulsed laser deposition

Phase change control of ferromagnetism in Ge0.98Fe0. 02Te thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition is investigated. The magnetic property of Fe doped phase change material GeTe is found to vary with phase change between amorphous and crystalline states corresponding to the variation of conductance during phase change. The results indicate that a fast control of ferromagnetism by phase change can be realized. The measurement of temperature dependent magnetization shows a long range ferromagnetic interaction in ordered crystalline phase and a short range ferromagnetic interaction in frustrated amorphous phase, which is consistent with phase change. V C 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3628660]
A numerical investigation of solitary internal waves with trapped cores formed via shoaling

The formation of solitary internal waves with trapped cores via shoaling is investigated numerically. For density fields for which the buoyancy frequency increases monotonically towards the surface, sufficiently large solitary waves break as they shoal and form solitary-like waves with trapped fluid cores. Properties of large-amplitude waves are shown to be sensitive to the near-surface stratification. For the monotonic stratifications considered, waves with open streamlines are limited in amplitude by the breaking limit (maximum horizontal velocity equals wave propagation speed). When an exponential density stratification is modified to include a thin surface mixed layer, wave amplitudes are limited by the conjugate flow limit, in which case waves become long and horizontally uniform in the centre. The maximum horizontal velocity in the limiting wave is much less than the wave's propagation speed and as a consequence, waves with trapped cores are not formed in the presence of the surface mixed layer.
Combining IMECA analysis and penetration testing to assess the cybersecurity of industrial robotic systems

A cybersecurity method of combining IMECA analysis with penetration testing for the safety assessment of industrial robotic systems has been presented and described using the functional IDEF model. This paper addresses industrial robotic system architecture using a collaborative robot as an example. The set of vulnerabilities and their potential impact on the robotic system under cyberattacks was assessed using IMECA (Intrusion Modes and Criticality Analysis) technique. The assessment results have been summarized in the critical matrix. Further steps and the necessary tools for performing penetration testing of the industrial robotic system were suggested.
Comparative study of role of physiotherapy alone versus physiotherapy combined with yoga in rehabilitation after a sports injury. What can a primary physician offer?

Background: Posttraumatic rehabilitation of sports injuries involves physiotherapy. Additionally, nonsurgical treatment of sports injuries involves regular physiotherapy as a major treatment therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of yoga in addition to regular physiotherapy on these patients. Materials and Methods: In the present comparative study, we evaluated the effects of regular physiotherapy alone versus physiotherapy combined with yoga on 212 patients following various knee injuries treated nonsurgically. The study was conducted after obtaining hospital ethical, committee clearance, and written informed consent from patients. The patients were assigned into two groups: group C (Conventional) and group Y (Yoga group). The patients in the regular group received physiotherapy rehabilitation program, whereas the yoga group received additional yoga once every day by a yoga expert during their hospital stay. We provided written guidelines and photographs of the yoga asanas and instructed to perform them 3 days/week once they were home. The data on WOMAC score were collected at 6 weeks, 3 months, and at 6 months from the day of discharge from the hospital. Results: We noted that the yoga group patients showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in all modalities like pain, stiffness, and function subscales of the WOMAC scale. They experienced significant reduction in pain and stiffness compared with the regular or conventional group on the seventh postinjury day, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the initial injury. Conclusion: In this study, a combination of regular physiotherapy and yoga provided better functional outcomes than physiotherapy alone.
Research on OAM Wave Propagation Characteristics under Occlusion

In this paper, the occlusion propagation characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams are studied based on the parabolic equation (PE) method. Two construction methods of OAM aperture field in PE are proposed, namely direct generation method and beam modulation method. The results show that the uniformity of the aperture field amplitude generated by the uniform circular array in the direct generation method is better than that of the rectangular array. The mode of the helical spectrum expands when the propagating OAM beam is blocked. Two forms of occlusion are discussed here. In both cases, as the occlusion range increases, the energy of the main mode gradually decreases, and the energy change of the extended mode has periodic characteristics, and the farther away from the main mode, the shorter the change period.
SLAM and 3D Semantic Reconstruction Based on the Fusion of Lidar and Monocular Vision

Monocular camera and Lidar are the two most commonly used sensors in unmanned vehicles. Combining the advantages of the two is the current research focus of SLAM and semantic analysis. In this paper, we propose an improved SLAM and semantic reconstruction method based on the fusion of Lidar and monocular vision. We fuse the semantic image with the low-resolution 3D Lidar point clouds and generate dense semantic depth maps. Through visual odometry, ORB feature points with depth information are selected to improve positioning accuracy. Our method uses parallel threads to aggregate 3D semantic point clouds while positioning the unmanned vehicle. Experiments are conducted on the public CityScapes and KITTI Visual Odometry datasets, and the results show that compared with the ORB-SLAM2 and DynaSLAM, our positioning error is approximately reduced by 87%; compared with the DEMO and DVL-SLAM, our positioning accuracy improves in most sequences. Our 3D reconstruction quality is better than DynSLAM and contains semantic information. The proposed method has engineering application value in the unmanned vehicles field.
Valorization of Banana Peel Using Carbonization: Potential Use in the Sustainable Manufacturing of Flexible Supercapacitors

Sustainable and environmentally friendly activated carbon from biomass materials is proposed to produce supercapacitors from banana peels and has the potential to replace the non-sustainable and hazardous process from either graphite or/and fossil fuels. In order to determine the potential of using banana peel for supercapacitor application, raw banana peel, a bio-waste, was activated both mechanically and chemically to observe the real differences. The sample was activated at 700 °C and chemically activated using KOH. Characterization of activated banana peel was performed using FTIR, DLS, TGA and XRD analytical equipment. FTIR analysis revised the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl and aromatic compounds on a banana peel cellulose-based carbon. The TGA results proved that 700 °C could be sufficient to totally carbonize banana peel. DLS clearly showed a strong difference between the carbonized and KOH-activated material in particle size distribution. Meanwhile, surface area analysis using BET displayed an increase from 553.862 m2/g to 565.024 m2/g BET in surface area (SBET) when carbon was activated using KOH with a nitrogen isotherm at 77.350 K. Specific capacitance was increased from 0.3997 Fg−1 to 0.821 Fg−1, suggesting more than a 100% increase in the specific capacity due to KOH activation, as proved by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve. The X-ray diffraction results revealed the patterns of activated carbon. The findings demonstrated the feasibility of using banana peel waste as a low-cost and sustainable material for the preparation of flexible supercapacitor batteries.
Gas Sensor Based on Lossy Mode Resonances by Means of Thin Graphene Oxide Films Fabricated onto Planar Coverslips

The use of planar waveguides has recently shown great success in the field of optical sensors based on the Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) phenomenon. The properties of Graphene Oxide (GO) have been widely exploited in various sectors of science and technology, with promising results for gas sensing applications. This work combines both, the LMR-based sensing technology on planar waveguides and the use of a GO thin film as a sensitive coating, to monitor ethanol, water, and acetone. Experimental results on the fabrication and performance of the sensor are presented. The obtained results showed a sensitivity of 3.1, 2.0, and 0.6 pm/ppm for ethanol, water, and acetone respectively, with a linearity factor R2 > 0.95 in all cases.
A nuclear magnetometer

The basic principles of the nuclear free precession magnetometer are briefly described, and full details given of the coils, switching circuits and transistorized amplifying equipment of such a magnetometer. Accuracy of absolute measurement of the earth's total field is ±10 μG, and even better when only relative measurements are required. Setting-up of the instrument, which requires no calibration, and taking a reading takes only a few seconds. Suggestions are put forward for possible further applications of the free precession technique.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Fully Based on Unbounded Archive for Problems Requiring Very Expensive Solution Evaluations

We propose a new MOEA framework, unbounded archive-based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (UAB-MOEA), in which the parent population is selected from the unbounded archive in every generation update. We apply it to the well-known and frequently used MOEA, NSGA-II to examine the effect of our proposed UABMOEA framework. In our computational experiments, we indicate that environmental selection from the unbounded archive in every generation update clearly outperforms NSGA-II and NSGA-II with periodical parent population selection from the unbounded archive, especially in cases with 4 or more objectives. We also show the increase in computation time by UABMOEA is negligible which is an important consideration given the high cost of the long evaluation time for real-world design problems.
Structural Optimization of Cannabidiol as Multifunctional Cosmetic Raw Materials

Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from the plant cannabis, can be used in the cosmetics industry for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. However, CBD is purified from the hemp plant extract, its source is very limited and under strict control. So in this study, computational and experimental methods were combined to search for novel CBD substitutes with high biology potencies. The action mode between CBD and target protein cannabidiol receptor 1 was studied to find the key skeleton, which was used to virtually screen a natural products database to search for compounds with 70% similarity. The hit compounds with high docking scores were selected for the ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging experiments for antioxidant evaluation. The effects on the expressions of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), COX-2 and iNOS in RAW264.7 cell line were detected to demonstrate their anti-inflammatory abilities. The effect of anti-wrinkle ability were evaluated by detecting the extracellular matrix, such as collagen, elastin, fibronectin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HFF-1. The effects on melanin production and tyrosinase activity in Bb16F10 were also detected. As a result, two compounds were found to be superior to cannabidiol, in terms of antioxidant, anti-wrinkle and whitening efficacy with a lower cytotoxicity.
Tightening Regret Bounds for Scalable Transfer Optimization with Gaussian Process Surrogates

Recent theoretical results have shown that instilling knowledge transfer into black-box optimization with Gaussian process surrogates, aka transfer Bayesian optimization, tightens cumulative regret bounds compared to the no-transfer case. Faster convergence under strict function evaluation budgets - often in the order of a hundred or fewer function evaluations - is thus expected, overcoming the cold start problem of conventional Bayesian optimization algorithms. In this short paper, we prove that the regret bounds can be further tightened when extending the method to multi-source settings (where each source may depict distinct source-target correlation), while also achieving internal algorithmic complexity that's only linear in the number of sources. Experimental results, on both synthetic test functions as well as a practical case study, verify our theoretical claim of performance gain.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of New Honey Varietals

Due to a widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need to look for antimicrobial substances, and honey with its antimicrobial properties is a very promising substance. In this study, we examined for the first time antimicrobial properties of novel varietal honeys, i.e., plum, rapeseed, Lime, Phacelia, honeydew, sunflower, willow, and multifloral-P (Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-AP (Acer negundo L., Prunus spinosa L.), multifloral-Sa (Salix sp.), multifloral-Br (Brassica napus L.). Their antimicrobial activity was tested against bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus circulans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) and mold fungi (such as Aspergillus niger). In tested honeys, phenolic acids constituted one of the most important groups of compounds with antimicrobial properties. Our study found phenolic acids to occur in greatest amount in honeydew honey (808.05 µg GAE/g), with the highest antifungal activity aiming at A. niger. It was caffeic acid that was discovered in the greatest amount (in comparison with all phenolic acids tested). It was found in the highest amount in such honeys as phacelia—356.72 µg/g, multifloral (MSa) and multifloral (MBr)—318.9 µg/g. The highest bactericidal activity against S. aureus was found in multifloral honeys MSa and MBr. Additionally, the highest amount of syringic acid and cinnamic acid was identified in rapeseed honey. Multifloral honey (MAP) showed the highest bactericidal activity against E. coli, and multifloral honey (MSa) against S. aureus. Additionally, multifloral honey (MBr) was effective against E. coli and S. aureus. Compounds in honeys, such as lysozyme-like and phenolic acids, i.e., coumaric, caffeic, cinnamic and syringic acids, played key roles in the health-benefit properties of honeys tested in our study.
Micromagnetic simulation of spin transfer torque switching by nanosecond current pulses

Magnetization reversal by spin transfer torque due to current flowing in magnetic tunnel junction nanopillar with 200nm×125nm elliptical cross section is studied by micromagnetic simulation assuming the Slonczewski model for spin transfer torque. The magnetization dynamics during the switching is found to be highly inhomogeneous with formation of complex domain structure and spin wave generation even for artificially increased exchange length. The Oersted field influence on onset of precession leading to switching is described in terms of spin wave generation. The switching time as a function of current is found to have nonmonotonic behavior, which is not completely understood but is found to be related to the presence of Oersted field.
A MYB Transcription Factor Atlas Provides Insights into the Evolution of Environmental Adaptations in Plants

The MYB transcription factor superfamily includes key regulators of plant development and responses to environmental changes. The diversity of lifestyles and morphological characteristics exhibited by plants are potentially associated with the genomic dynamics of the MYB superfamily. With the release of the plant genomes, a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of the MYB superfamily across Viridiplantae is allowed. The present study performed phylogenetic, phylogenomic, syntenic, horizontal gene transfer, and neo/sub-functionalization analysis of the MYB superfamily to explore the evolutionary contributions of MYB members to species diversification, trait formation, and environmental adaptation in 437 different plant species. We identified major changes in copy number variation and genomic context within subclades across lineages. Multiple MYB subclades showed highly conserved copy number patterns and synteny across flowering plants, whereas others were more dynamic and showed lineage-specific patterns. As examples of lineage-specific morphological divergence, we hypothesize that the gain of a MYB orthogroup associated with flower development and environmental responses and an orthogroup associated with auxin and wax biosynthesis in angiosperms were correlated with the emergence of flowering plants, unbiased neo-/sub-functionalization of gene duplicates contributed to environmental adaptation, and species-specific neo-/sub-functionalization contributed to phenotype divergence between species. Transposable element insertion in promoter regions may have facilitated the sub-/neo-functionalization of MYB genes and likely played a tissue-specific role contributing to sub-/neo-functionalization in plant root tissues. This study provides new insights into the evolutionary divergence of the MYB superfamily across major flowering and non-flowering lineages and emphasizes the need for lineage-/tissue-specific characterization to further understand trait variability and environmental adaptation.
A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Base Station Application

A new base station antenna design of dielectric resonator (DR) antenna (DRA) is proposed for fifth generation base station application. The antenna is composed of a cross-shaped DR fed by U-shape microstrip power divider. The overall size of the cross-shape DR is only $0.24\times 0.24\times 0.21\lambda\ (\lambda$ is the the lowest frequency in the air region). By introducing two groups of modes, dual-band characteristic is realized and it will not interfere with other non-operating frequency bands. In order to explain the dual-band operation mechanism, we analyzed the E-field and H-field distribution of the proposed antenna. From simulation, the proposed base station antenna of dielectric resonator offers two band with the respective bandwidth of 11.4% (3.3-3.7) and 6.2% (4.7-5.0) for VSWR < 2 and exhibits extremely low cross-polarization characteristics and stable unidirectional radiation patterns in the operating frequency. These attractive features make the antenna an ideal candidate with further improvement for 5G base station applications.