Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Final Report on the Safety Assessment of PEG-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate, PEG-75 Propylene Glycol Stearate, PEG-120 Propylene Glycol Stearate, PEG-10 Propylene Glycol, PEG-8 Propylene Glycol Cocoate, and PEG-55 Propylene Glycol Oleate

The ingredients considered in this safety assessment are polyethylene glycol ethers of either propylene glycol itself, propylene glycol stearate, propylene glycol oleate, or propylene glycol cocoate. They function in cosmetic formulations as surfactant—cleansing agents; surfactant—solubilizing agents; surfactant—emulsifying agents; skin conditioning agents—humectant; skin-conditioning agents—emollient; and solvents. Those in current use are used in only a small number of cosmetic formulations. Some are not currently used. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Propylene Glycol Cocoates and PEG Propylene Glycol Oleates are produced by the esterification of polyoxyalkyl alcohols with lauric acid and oleic acid, respectively. Although there is no information available on the method of manufacture of the other polymers, information was available describing impurities, including ethylene oxide (maximum 1 ppm), 1,4-dioxane (maximum 5 ppm), polycyclic aromatic compounds (maximum 1 ppm), and heavy metals—lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, and arsenic included (maximum 10 ppm combined). In an acute oral toxicity study, PEG-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate was not toxic. An antiperspirant product containing 2.0% PEG-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate was nonirritating to mildly irritating to the eyes of rabbits. This product was also practically nonirritating to the skin of rabbits in single-insult occlusive patch tests. In a guinea pig sensitization test, PEG-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate was classified as nonallergenic at challenge concentrations of 25% and 50% in petrolatum. PEG-25 Propylene Glycol Stearate and PEG-55 Propylene Glycol Oleate were negative in clinical patch tests. Based on the available data, it was concluded that these ingredients are safe as used (concentrations no greater than 10%) in cosmetic formulations. Based on evidence of sensitization and nephrotoxicity in burn patients treated with a PEG-based antimicrobial preparation, the ingredients included in this review should not be used on damaged skin.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Emergence of dominant toxigenic M1T1 Streptococcus pyogenes clone during increased scarlet fever activity in England

Summary Background Since 2014, England has seen increased scarlet fever activity unprecedented in modern times. In 2016, England’s scarlet fever seasonal rise coincided with an unexpected elevation in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections. We describe the molecular epidemiological investigation of these events. Methods We analysed changes in S pyogenes emm genotypes, and notifications of scarlet fever and invasive disease in 2014–16 using regional (northwest London) and national (England and Wales) data. Genomes of 135 non-invasive and 552 invasive emm 1 isolates from 2009–16 were analysed and compared with 2800 global emm 1 sequences. Transcript and protein expression of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A (SpeA; also known as scarlet fever or erythrogenic toxin A) in sequenced, non-invasive emm 1 isolates was quantified by real-time PCR and western blot analyses. Findings Coincident with national increases in scarlet fever and invasive disease notifications, emm 1 S pyogenes upper respiratory tract isolates increased significantly in northwest London in the March to May period, from five (5%) of 96 isolates in 2014, to 28 (19%) of 147 isolates in 2015 (p=0·0021 vs 2014 values), to 47 (33%) of 144 in 2016 (p=0·0080 vs 2015 values). Similarly, invasive emm 1 isolates collected nationally in the same period increased from 183 (31%) of 587 in 2015 to 267 (42%) of 637 in 2016 (p<0·0001). Sequences of emm 1 isolates from 2009–16 showed emergence of a new emm 1 lineage (designated M1 UK )—with overlap of pharyngitis, scarlet fever, and invasive M1 UK strains—which could be genotypically distinguished from pandemic emm 1 isolates (M1 global ) by 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Median SpeA protein concentration in supernatant was nine-times higher among M1 UK isolates (190·2 ng/mL [IQR 168·9–200·4]; n=10) than M1 global isolates (20·9 ng/mL [0·0–27·3]; n=10; p<0·0001). M1 UK expanded nationally to represent 252 (84%) of all 299 emm 1 genomes in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis of published datasets identified single M1 UK isolates in Denmark and the USA.
Inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase prevents irinotecan‐induced intestinal damage and enhances irinotecan/temozolomide efficacy against colon carcinoma

Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors enhance the antitumor activity of the topoisom‐erase I inhibitor irinotecan (CPT‐11), which is used to treat advanced colorectal carcinoma. Since PARP inhibitors sensitize tumor cells also to the methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) and clinical trials are evaluating CPT‐11 in combination with TMZ, we tested whether the PARP inhibitor GPI 15427 (10‐(4‐methyl‐piperazin‐1‐ylm‐ethyl)‐2H‐7‐oxa‐1,2‐diaza‐benzo[de]anthracen‐3‐one) increases the efficacy of CPT‐11 + TMZ against colon cancer. Moreover, due to the ability of PARP inhibitors to avoid cell death consequent to PARP‐1 overactivation, we evaluated whether oral administration of GPI 15427 provides protection from the dose‐limiting intestinal toxicity of CPT‐11. The results of colony formation assay indicated that GPI 15427 increased the antiproliferative effects (combination index <1) of TMZ + SN‐38 (the active metabolite of CPT‐11) against colon cancer cells. Accordingly, GPI 15427 (40 mg/kg/day×5 days per os) in combination with TMZ (10 mg/kg/day×5 days) + CPT‐11 (4 mg/kg/day×5 days) significantly reduced the growth of tumor xenografts. Oral administration of GPI 15427 (40 mg/kg/q2 × 3 days) prevented intestinal injury and diarrhea induced by CPT‐11 (30 mg/kg/day × 3 days) reducing inflammation and PARP‐1 overactivation, as evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of intestinal tissue with antipoly(ADP‐ribose) antibody(Ab). Inconclusion, the PARP inhibitor represents a novel strategy to enhance the antitumor efficacy and reduce toxicity of chemotherapy in colon cancer. —Tentori, L. , Leonetti, C. , Scarsella, M. , Muzi, A. , Mazzon, E. , Vergati, M. , Forini, O. , Lapidus, R. , Xu, W. , Dorio, A. S. , Zhang, J., Cuzzo‐crea, S. , Graziani, G. Inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase prevents irinotecan‐induced intestinal damage and enhances irinotecan/temozolomide efficacy against colon carcinoma. FASEB J. 20, E1024–E1036 (2006)
Ruhr Economic Papers

The secular rise of European unemployment since the 1960s is hard to explain without reference to structural change. This is especially true in Germany, where industrial employment has declined by more than 30% and service sector employment has more than doubled over the past three decades. Using individual transition data on West German workers, we document a marked increase in structural change and turbulence, in particular since 1990. Net employment changes resulted partly from an increase in gross flows, but also from an increase in the net transition “yield” at any given gross worker turnover. In growing sectors, net structural change was driven by accessions from nonparticipation rather than unemployment; contracting sectors reduced their net employment primarily via lower accessions from nonparticipation. While gross turnover is cyclically sensitive and strongly procyclical, net reallocation is countercyclical, meaning that recessions are associated with increased intensity of sectoral reallocation. Beyond this cyclical component, German reunification and Eastern enlargement appear to have contributed significantly to this accelerated pace of structural change. JEL Classification: J63; J64; J62
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms Headache in Elderly Patients with Effect of Endovascular Treatment on

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The incidence of unruptured intracranial aneurysms is increasing in the elderly population as life expectancy increases, and patients often present with headache. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of endovascular treatment on headache and identify factors associated with headache outcome in elderly patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for elderly patients ( (cid:1) 65 years old) being treated for unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Headache assessment was performed by a quantitative 11-point headache scale in all patients before and after endovascular treatment. Factors associated with headache outcome were investigated by univariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 72 patients (mean age, 70.0 years; age range, 65–80 years; 41 women) fulﬁlled the inclusion criteria. There were 52 patients (72.2%) who presented with preoperative headache (headache score (cid:1) 1). Among them, 40 (76.9%) reported that headache score had an improvement according to their self-reported quantitative headache score after endovascular treatment. The average headache score was 5.63 preoperatively vs 2.50 postoperatively ( P (cid:1) . 000). Twenty patients (27.8%) had no headache before treatment (headache score (cid:1) 0), of whom 2 (10.0%) reported new onset of headache postoperatively. Only a preoperative headache score was associated with treatmentoutcomeofheadache,andahigherheadachescorepredictedalackofheadachereliefafterendovasculartreatment( P (cid:1) . 003). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular coiling of unruptured intracranial aneurysms resulted in relief of headache in most of the elderly patients. Preoperative headache
Sensitivity of the African and Asian Monsoons to Mid-Holocene Insolation and Data-Inferred Surface Changes.

Abstract Orbital forcing alone is not sufficient to explain the massive northward penetration of monsoon rains in Africa shown by data during the mid-Holocene (6000 yr ago). Feedbacks associated with changes in SSTs and land surface cover may be necessary to produce a sufficient increase in the monsoon. A step toward a better understanding of the respective role of oceans and land surfaces is to design sensitivity studies with prescribed forcings, inferred from observations. In the first study, SSTs are lowered in the upwelling regions offshore of West Africa and Somalia, and increased in the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea. In the second simulation, the modern Sahara desert is replaced by a combination of xerophytic woods/scrub and grassland. In both cases the amount of water vapor advected from oceanic sources is increased north of 10°N in Africa in response to the increased land–sea temperature contrast, thereby enhancing rainfall. But the magnitude of the simulated changes is much larger when land s.
Optimal Initial Excitations of Decadal Modification of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation under the Prescribed Heat and Freshwater Flux Boundary Conditions

Within a three-dimensional ocean circulation model, the nonlinear optimal initial perturbations (NOIP) of sea surface salinity (SSS) and sea surface temperature (SST) to excite variability in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) were obtained under prescribed heat and freshwater flux boundary conditions, using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method. After 10 years, the optimal SSS and SST perturbations lead to reductions of the AMOC by 3.6 and 2.5 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)), respectively, followed by multidecadal oscillations with a period of about 50 years. During the first 30 years, nonlinear processes have an important influence on the AMOC strength: convection strengthens the AMOC during years 0-2, zonal density advection promotes the slowdown of the AMOC during years 7-20, and meridional density advection inhibits the slowdown of meridional velocities in the upper ocean during years 5-18. The linear optimal initial perturbation (LOIP) was also computed using the first singular vector (FSV) method. For SSS perturbations with an amplitude of 0.5 psu, the LOIP will cause an underestimation of the amplitude of the multidecadal AMOC variability by about 1 Sv, compared to that induced by the NOIP. This underestimation will become more significant as the amplitudes of SSS perturbations increase.
Contributions to the study of the complement system in IgA nephropathy and dialysis

Introduction: Various studies have reported the importance of complement regulators in preventing mesothelial damage during peritoneal dialysis (PD). Its assessment, however, is limited in clinical practice due to the lack of easy access to the peritoneal membrane. Recently, a soluble form of the complement regulatory protein CD59 (sCD59) has been described. We therefore aimed to investigate the role of sCD59 in PD. Methods: Plasma sCD59 was measured in 48 PD patients, 41 hemodialysis patients, 15 non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and 14 healthy controls by ELISA (Hycult; HK374-02). Additionally, sCD59 and sC5b-9 were assessed in the peritoneal dialysate. Results: sCD59 and sC5b-9 were detectable in the peritoneal dialysate of all patients, and marginally correlated ( r =0.27 , P =0.06). Plasma sCD59 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in patients with chronic kidney disease and healthy controls, but did not differ from hemodialysis patients. During follow-up, 19% of PD patients developed peritoneal membrane failure and 27% of PD patients developed loss of residual renal function. In adjusted models, increased sCD59 levels in the dialysate (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.04-11.40, P =0.04) and in plasma (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.17, P =0.04) were independently associated with the occurrence of peritoneal membrane failure. Higher plasma levels of sCD59 were also associated with loss of residual renal function (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04-1.17, P <0.001). Conclusions: Our study suggests that sCD59 has potential as a biomarker to predict peritoneal membrane function and loss of residual renal function in PD, thereby offering a tool to improve patient management.
The emerging role of exosomes in communication between the periphery and the central nervous system

Abstract Exosomes, membrane‐enclosed vesicles, are secreted by all types of cells. Exosomes can transport various molecules, including proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and microRNAs, and can be circulated to various recipient cells, leading to the production of local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Numerous studies have proved that exosomes can pass through the blood—brain barrier, thus, enabling the transfer of peripheral substances into the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, exosomes may be a vital factor in the exchange of information between the periphery and CNS. This review will discuss the structure, biogenesis, and functional characterization of exosomes and summarize the role of peripheral exosomes deriving from tissues like the lung, gut, skeletal muscle, and various stem cell types in communicating with the CNS and influencing the brain's function. Then, we further discuss the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in brain diseases and the clinical opportunities and challenges. Gaining a clearer insight into the communication between the CNS and the external areas of the body will help us to ascertain the role of the peripheral elements in the maintenance of brain health and illness and will facilitate the design of minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing and treating brain diseases.
Introduction to Quantitative Genetics

Part 1 Genetic constitution of a population: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Part 2 Changes in gene frequency: migration mutation. Part 3 Small populations - changes in gene frequency under simplified conditions. Part 4 Small populations - less simplified conditions. Part 5 Small populations - pedigreed populations and close inbreeding. Part 6 Continuous variation. Part 7 Values and means. Part 8 Variance. Part 9 Resemblance between relatives. Part 10 Heritability. Part 11 Selection - the response and its prediction. Part 12 Selection - the results of experiments. Part 13 Selection - information from relatives. Part 14 Inbreeding and crossbreeding - changes of mean value. Part 15 Inbreeding and crossbreeding - changes of variance. Part 16 Inbreeding and crossbreeding - applications. Part 17 Scale. Part 18 Threshold characters. Part 19 Correlated characters. Part 20 Metric characters under natural selection.
Like a Bridge over Colored Water : A Mathematical Review of The Rainbow Bridge : Rainbows in Art , Myth , and Science Reviewed by

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mathematics & Statistics at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@odu.edu. Repository Citation Adam, John A. , "Like a Bridge Over Colored Water: A Mathematical Review of The Rainbow Bridge: Rainbows in Art, Myth, and Science" (2002). Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications. 157. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/mathstat_fac_pubs/157
The Lender of Last Resort: Alternative Views and Historical Experience

David Ricardo (1772-1823) recommended countering supply shocks with monetary contraction. Henry Thornton (1760-1815) advised a constant-money response. Their views hinged (1) on the neutrality or non-neutrality of money-stock changes on real output and employment and (2) on the costs of inflation. These same considerations influence Federal Reserve policy in response to oil shocks today.
Invariants of algebraic curves and topological expansion

For any arbitrary algebraic curve, we define an infinite sequence of invariants. We study their properties, in particular their variation under a variation of the curve, and their modular properties. We also study their limits when the curve becomes singular. In addition we find that they can be used to define a formal series, which satisfies formally an Hirota equation, and we thus obtain a new way of constructing a tau function attached to an algebraic curve. These invariants are constructed in order to coincide with the topological expansion of a matrix formal integral, when the algebraic curve is chosen as the large N limit of the matrix model's spectral curve. Surprisingly, we find that the same invariants also give the topological expansion of other models, in particular the matrix model with an external field, and the so-called double scaling limit of matrix models, i.e. the (p,q) minimal models of conformal field theory. As an example to illustrate the efficiency of our method, we apply it to the Kontsevitch integral, and we give a new and extremely easy proof that Kontsevitch integral depends only on odd times, and that it is a KdV tau-function.
The Sideways Effect: A Test for Changes in the Demand for Merlot and Pinot Noir Wines*

Abstract This paper examines the effect of the movie Sideways on US wine consumption. Specifically, we examine the affects of the movie on the consumption of Merlot, which is derided in the movie and the affect on Pinot Noir, which is praised. We examine the trends in consumption before and after the movie and perform statistical tests for structural changes in consumption. We also test for changes in consumption of each varietal by price point. (JEL Classification: C22)
Researchers, advisors and growers working together to design monitoring methods for functional agro-biodiversity

: The value of functional agro-biodiversity (FAB) for favoring natural pest regulation and then reducing pesticide use in fruit production is generally acknowledged. Many fruit growers try to favor FAB through different technics (diversified hedges, nesting boxes…) but they often lack of means to evaluate how their actions may indeed contribute to FAB. In this context, our research project aimed at developing FAB monitoring methods in order to help fruit growers to modify their practices and enhance the performance of natural enemies to reduce pest pressure. To do so, we adopted collaborative research methods which allowed us to make some adjustments in our research question and our objectives. We realized questionnaires, interviews and organized workshops with growers and advisors to understand their needs and practices, and involved them in the design of FAB monitoring methods. Our development-driven approach progressively led us to adjust our research focus and research objectives. We started our research process with the idea of producing FAB monitoring methods to enhance one specific service: natural pest regulation. We finally ended in producing a diversity of FAB monitoring programs adapted to a diversity of use and a diversity of targeted services. On the basis of our experience, we discuss the conditions for developing collaborative and development-driven research. We especially show that this kind of research requires having flexible research objectives which can change over the time. It also requires long term research process to explore wide areas of interests for researchers and practitioners and to stabilize the research objectives.
Diurnal and geographic variations of pollinator importance for Cucurbita maxima Duchesne

Abstract Despite growing awareness of the importance of monitoring wild crop pollinators worldwide, there are still few reports, especially in East Asia. Considering ongoing global warming may change the distribution range and diurnal activity of pollinators, it is necessary to describe current geographic and diurnal patterns. We clarified pollinators of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Cucurbitales: Cucurbitaceae) in three geographically distinct (>350 km, minimum) areas in Japan, focusing on diurnal variation. Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Halictidae (Hymenoptera) were observed in all of the experimental gardens. Apis cerana japonica Radoszkowski (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were mainly observed in Mie and Kagoshima, while Bombus diversus diversus Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) were observed only in Ibaraki. The peak time of flower visits depended both on bee taxa and area, and interestingly, did not necessarily synchronize with the timing of the highest pollen loads and the probability of stigma contact. In particular, visits and probability of contacting stigmas of Halictidae tended to increase as time passed, whereas pollen grains on their bodies sharply decreased with time; only a few individuals of Halictidae that visit early can become effective pollinators. There were no differences in yields between supplementary hand and natural pollination in all areas, and flower‐enclosure experiments using different mesh sizes clarified that small insects that can go across an approximately 4‐mm mesh may not transport sufficient pollen for fruit set. Our study demonstrated that pollination effectiveness, which is usually regarded as a static value, within a taxon can fluctuate in the space of just several hours. Considering such diurnal patterns can be altered by climate change, we need to carefully monitor the diurnal temporal patterns of pollinators worldwide.
People , Places , Things : Web Presence for the Real World

The convergence of Web technology, wireless networks and portable client devices provide new opportunities for computer communications systems designs. At HP Labs we have been exploring these opportunities through an infrastructure to support “web presence” for people, places and things. Our goal is a bridge between the World Wide Web and the physical world we inhabit. This bridge includes the ability to interact with devices such as printers from a browser using standard HTTP communication. It also includes the ability to provide people, places and things – electronic or otherwise – with a web resource that is used to store information about them and which is automatically correlated with their physical presence. We aim to provide users, particularly mobile users, with support for their everyday activities, which mostly concern physical objects other than PC’s. In this paper we characterize the functionality that we formulate as web presence for people, places, and things. We describe our infrastructure for web presence, and applications that demonstrate the infrastructure’s viability.