Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p38 MAPK is critical for nuclear translocation of IRF-7 during CpG-induced type I IFN expression in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major source of type I IFN (IFN-I) in response to viral and bacterial infection that are recognized through the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) or TLR9 signaling pathway. TLR9 agonist, oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG), stimulates pDC to produce IFN-I but the mechanism keeps incompletely defined. Here, we established a human pDC cell line with the gLuc under control of the IFNa4 promtoer/enhancer, and utilized the high throughput assay to screen for protein kinase inhibitors to identify small molecules targeting IFN-I induction pathway in pDCs. We identified p38 MAPK inhibitors that show ability to inhibit IFN-I expression in pDCs without cytotoxicity upon CpG stimulation. p38 MAPK inhibitor inhibits IFN-I expression in a dose-dependent fashion in vitro and significantly suppressed IFN-I expression in humanized mice upon CpG treatment. There was a dramatic defect in the nuclear translocation of IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7) in the prescence of p38 MAPK inhibitor. Therefore, p38 MAPK enhances IRF-7 nuclear translocation and IFN-I expression in human pDCs. These findings identify p38 MAPK as a target for modulating pDC activity.
Power series for stationary distributions of coupled processor models

For the coupled processor model with exponential service times, an approach is presented to calculate the stationary distribution of the queue length. In this approach the stationary probabilities are expressed as power series in the parameter $\rho $, the traffic intensity of the system. The method is not restricted to state spaces (of the underlying continuous time Markov chain) of dimension two, but applies equally well to higher-dimensional state spaces.
Study of speech and hearing at Bell Telephone Laboratories: The Fletcher years

During the first half of the twentieth century, Bell Telephone Laboratories carried out an extensive research program aimed at improving the intelligibility of speech transmitted over the telephone. Harvey Fletcher, a founding member and the first president of the Acoustical Society, led this effort. The contributions of Fletcher and his colleagues helped produce not only the world’s leading telephone system, but also established the speech and hearing sciences field. A compact disk (CD/ROM) containing nearly 10 000 pages of recently discovered Bell Labs internal research documents dating from this era (1917–1933) is now available from the Acoustical Society. The majority of the documents are concise scientific reports that reveal the extraordinary thinking and insights of these world‐class researchers. In addition to their historical significance, the documents also provide technical insight and clarity on topics of current interest to speech and hearing scientists. The discussion will include an over.
Very low frequency ambient noise at the seafloor under the Beaufort Sea icecap

The first results from a deployment of four instruments on the floor of the Beaufort Sea in March 1990 are presented. The instruments recorded pressure fluctuations in the band from 0.0005 to 8 Hz during a 2‐week period. The pressure spectra derived from these measurements show very low energy in the microseism peak near 0.1 Hz in comparison with measurements from the Pacific or Atlantic seafloor. The microseism band shows a series of spectral peaks and valleys likely associated with the modes of the ocean–seafloor Rayleigh wave waveguide. The shape of the microseism peak is remarkably stable during the experiment although the amplitude varies by about 10 dB. The signals are very coherent between adjacent instruments and suggest propagation in the microseism band from a source in the Gulf of Alaska. The pressure spectra rise rapidly toward lower frequency below 0.02 Hz, but Arctic spectra are less energetic than spectra from sites on either Pacific or Atlantic seafloors at all frequencies. The long period.
Inadequacy of von Neumann entropy for characterizing extractable work

The lack of knowledge that an observer has about a system limits the amount of work it can extract. This lack of knowledge is normally quantified using the Gibbs/von Neumann entropy. We show that this standard approach is, surprisingly, only correct in very specific circumstances. In general, one should use the recently developed smooth entropy approach. For many common physical situations, including large but internally correlated systems, the resulting values for the extractable work can deviate arbitrarily from those suggested by the standard approach.
Risk assessment study of potential elemental impurities in montelukast film coated tablets

The elements listed in the ICH guideline Q3D are classified into three main categories (1, 2A, 2B and 3) according to their toxicity (PDE established permitted daily exposure), likelihood of occurrence in the final drug product and their toxicity considering the particular route of administration (EMA ICH Q3D Elemental Impurities, 2019). Development of risk-based control strategy for potential elemental impurities (EIs) assessment in drug development and manufacturing is challenging for the pharmaceutical industry since there are multiple potential sources of EIs contamination (Jenke et al., 2015; Li et al., 2015; Rowe et al., 2009). In general, the EIs risk assessment approach, as an integral part of the overall drug product control strategy, involves four steps: 1) identification of known and potential sources of EIs, 2) evaluation of observed or predicted levels of EIs in drug product, 3) comparison of evaluated levels of EIs with PDE values and 4) definition of the control strategy. The drug product risk assessment study is also focused on impurity levels determination and assessing the levels of EIs in relation to the established PDEs (Ph. Eur. 10th Edition, 2019; Teasdale et al., 2015). The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has urged the pharmaceutical industry to provide a worldwide supply of drugs that comply with legislation and international safety standards. One of the drugs that gained attention in COVID-19 treatment management is montelukast (Khan et al., 2022). As acknowledged, montelukast is a selective cysteinyl leukotriene 1 (CysLT1) receptor antagonists (LTRA) with bronchodilator effect. Montelukast 10 mg film-coated tablets are indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate persistent asthma and can be added to another patient's existing treatment regimen for asthma (Wermuth et al., 2021). The aim of this research is to conduct detailed EIs risk assessment study of Montelukast 10 mg film coated tablets in accordance with the ICH guideline Q3D on EIs.
DESIGN OF 7-BIT FLASH ADC WITH FULLY DIFFERENTIAL ARCHITECTURE

- A 7-bit Flash Analog to Digital converter, with fully differential architecture, operating under a clock frequency of 100MHz is implemented in this paper. Architecture is impl-mented for a fully differential swing from -600mV to +600mV with reference voltages ranging from 600mV to 1200mV. The architecture comprises of a resistor ladder of 128 resistors, with the threshold voltages fed into 127 comparators, followed by one hot encoding of the thermometer codes. The output is converted into binary codes by a Binary ROM. Output is verified using an ideal 7-bit Digital to Analog converter. Computation of Signal to Noise ratio and Spurious Free Dynamic Range is done for comparing the performance of the converter.
Evaluation of Image Noise and Radiation Dose Analysis In Brain CT Using ASIR(Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction)

Abstract The purpose of this study on head computed tomography scan corp orate reorganization adaptive iteration algorithm using the statistical noise, and quality assessment, reduction of dose was evaluated. Head CT examinations do not apply ASIR group [A group], ASIR 50 applies a group [B group] were divided into examinations. B group of each 46.9 %, 48.2 %, 43.2 %, and 47.9 % the measured in the phantom research result of measurement of CT noise average were reduced more tha n A group in the central part (A) and peripheral unit (B, C, D). CT number was measured with the quan titive analytical method in the display-image quality evaluation and about noise was analyze. There was A gro up and difference which the image noise notes statistically between B. And A group was high so that the image noise could note than B group (31.87 HUs, 31.78 HUs, 26.6 HUs, 30.42 HU P 0.05) noted statistically. And the inappro priate image was shown to the diagnosis. As to the exposure dose, by examination by applying ASIR 50 % there w as no decline in quality of the image, 47.6 % could reduce the radiation dose. In conclusion, if ASIR is ap plied to the clinical part, it is considered with the dose written much more that examination is possible. And wh en examination, it is considered that it becomes the positive factor when the examiner determines.
Singular Limit of a Spatially Inhomogeneous Lotka–Volterra Competition–Diffusion System

We discuss the generation and the motion of internal layers for a Lotka-Volterra competition-diffusion system with spatially inhomogeneous coefficients. We assume that the corresponding ODE system has two stable equilibria (ū, 0) and (0, ) with equal strength of attraction in the sense to be specified later. The equation involves a small parameter ϵ, which reflects the fact that the diffusion is very small compared with the reaction terms. When the parameter ϵ is very small, the solution develops a clear transition layer between the region where the u species is dominant and the one where the v species is dominant. As ϵ tends to zero, the transition layer becomes a sharp interface, whose motion is subject to a certain law of motion, which is called the “interface equation”. A formal asymptotic analysis suggests that the interface equation is the motion by mean curvature coupled with a drift term. We will establish a rigorous mathematical theory both for the formation of internal layers at the initial stage and for the motion of those layers in the later stage. More precisely, we will show that, given virtually arbitrary smooth initial data, the solution develops an internal layer within the time scale of O(ϵ2logϵ) and that the width of the layer is roughly of O(ϵ). We will then prove that the motion of the layer converges to the formal interface equation as ϵ → 0. Our results also give an optimal convergence rate, which has not been known even for spatially homogeneous problems.
Is It in the Stars? Exploring the Relationships between Species’ Traits and Sea Star Wasting Disease

An explanation for variation in impacts of sea star wasting disease across asteroid species remains elusive. Although various traits have been suggested to play a potential role in sea star wasting susceptibility, currently we lack a thorough comparison that explores how life-history and natural history traits shape responses to mass mortality across diverse asteroid taxa. To explore how asteroid traits may relate to sea star wasting, using available data and recognizing the potential for biological correlations to be driven by phylogeny, we generated a supertree, tested traits for phylogenetic association, and evaluated associations between traits and sea star wasting impact. Our analyses show no evidence for a phylogenetic association with sea star wasting impact, but there does appear to be phylogenetic association for a subset of asteroid life-history traits, including diet, substrate, and reproductive season. We found no relationship between sea star wasting and developmental mode, diet, pelagic larval duration, or substrate but did find a relationship with minimum depth, reproductive season, and rugosity (or surface complexity). Species with the greatest sea star wasting impacts tend to have shallower minimum depth distributions, they tend to have their median reproductive period 1.5 months earlier, and they tend to have higher rugosities relative to species less affected by sea star wasting. Fully understanding sea star wasting remains challenging, in part because dramatic gaps still exist in our understanding of the basic biology and phylogeny of asteroids. Future studies would benefit from a more robust phylogenetic understanding of sea stars, as well as leveraging intra- and interspecific comparative transcriptomics and genomics to elucidate the molecular pathways responding to sea star wasting.
Modeling and optimization of tool parameters in friction stir lap joining of aluminum using RSM and NSGA II

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) success depends heavily on the temperature and strain the FSW/FSP tool induces. This study examined the influence of FSW tool characteristics like shoulder and probe diameter and probe height on temperature, forces and failure load of welding of AA5083 alloy using the response surface methodology (RSM). The study’s setup consisted of three factors, three levels, and 17 experimental runs. In order to determine the welding temperature, a thermocouple was placed inside the samples. Also, the force during the process was measured using a fixture designed for this purpose. The generated model’s suitability at a 95% confidence level was assessed using an analysis of variance. Using RSM, a relationship was discovered between input parameters, including tool settings and output responses, such as temperature, force, and joint mechanical properties. This relationship was then used to discover the best process parameters using a hybrid multiobjective optimization. Hybrid multiobjective optimization recommends a probe diameter of 5.1 mm, a shoulder diameter of 17.63 mm, and a probe height of 3.86 mm as the optimum tool. This study discovered that the most important factors influencing temperature force and failure load were shoulder diameter, probe diameter, and probe height, respectively.
Recent Advances for the Synthesis and Applications of 2-Dimensional Ternary Layered Materials

Layered materials with unique structures and symmetries have attracted tremendous interest for constructing 2-dimensional (2D) structures. The weak interlayer interaction renders them to be readily isolated into various ultrathin nanosheets with exotic properties and diverse applications. In order to enrich the library of 2D materials, extensive progress has been made in the field of ternary layered materials. Consequently, many brand-new materials are derived, which greatly extend the members of 2D realm. In this review, we emphasize the recent progress made in synthesis and exploration of ternary layered materials. We first classify them in terms of stoichiometric ratio and summarize their difference in interlayer interaction, which is of great importance to produce corresponding 2D materials. The compositional and structural characteristics of resultant 2D ternary materials are then discussed so as to realize desired structures and properties. As a new family of 2D materials, we overview the layer-dependent properties and related applications in the fields of electronics, optoelectronics, and energy storage and conversion. The review finally provides a perspective for this rapidly developing field.
Highly flexible ionic liquid capacitive sensor for aerodynamic pressure measurement

A flexible microfluidic super-capacitive pressure sensor is developed to measure the aerodynamic pressure on the surface of aircraft. The innovative sensor contains a filter paper filled with ionic liquid, and coated with two indium tin oxide polyethylene terephthalate (PET/ITO) films on the top and bottom, respectively. When external pressure applies on the top PET/ITO film of sensor mounted on the surface of aircraft, the capacitance between the two PET/ITO films will change due to deformation of top PET/ITO film. The external pressure will be determined according to the change of the capacitance. Comparing to traditional pressure sensor, the developed sensor provides a high sensitivity up to 108.2 nF/Kpa and rapid dynamic responses for pressure measurement. In addition, fabrication process of the proposed sensor is also developed.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensors for Hip Implant: A Numerical and Computational Feasibility Investigation Using Finite Element Methods

In this paper, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for hip implant geometry was proposed for the application of total hip replacement. A two-port SAW device was numerically investigated for implementation with an operating frequency of 872 MHz that can be used in more common radio frequency interrogator units. A finite element analysis of the device was developed for a lithium niobate (LiNBO3) substrate with a Rayleigh velocity of 3488 m/s on COMSOL Multiphysics. The Multiphysics loading and frequency results highlighted a good uniformity with numerical results. Afterwards, a hip implant geometry was developed. The SAW sensor was mounted at two locations on the implant corresponding to two regions along the shaft of the femur bone. Three discrete conditions were studied for the feasibility of the implant with upper- and lower-body loading. The loading simulations highlighted that the stresses experienced do not exceed the yield strengths. The voltage output results indicated that the SAW sensor can be implanted in the hip implant for hip implant-loosening detection applications.
Stationary wave patterns in deep water

Abstract The classical problem of stationary wave patterns in deep water, generated by a “ship” or an obstacle in a stream, is revisited. The wave patterns are calculated using the results of the method of stationary phase. This allows for an elegant geometrical construction in which the reciprocal polar of the wave normal diagram reproduces the wave pattern. Analytical expressions are given for the Kelvin wedge deltoid (the gravity wave) and for the parabolic-like curves for the capillary wave. The conditions under which the Kelvin wedge shape disappears is calculated and linked to the “vanishing” of the point of inflection in the gravity wave normal curve. A further, unexpected, feature is the appearance of a “Froude” or “Mach” like line at the critical wave normal angle where the two modes coalesce. This line joins onto the “short wavelength” portion of the gravity wave branch in a cusped loop-like structure. These interesting new features are explained and highlighted in a series of figures which depict the evolution of stationary wave patterns as a function of the ratio of the stream speed to a critical speed (determined by a combination of surface tension and gravity) as it decreases from “high” to “low” values.
Optical Fiber Sensor Based on Air-Gap Long-Period Fiber Gratings

In this work, we propose a novel fiber sensor that is based on an air-gap long-period fiber grating (AG-LPG), which is fabricated by combining fiber side polishing with fiber lithography. Its sensing mechanism is based on the loss-peak wavelength shift of the AG-LPG as the refractive index around the sensing head varies. Experimental results show that the maximum sensitivity is 620 nm/unit index (1.1 nm/%) in the sensing of various sugar solution concentrations. This novel sensing head provides a simple, reliable, repeatable, accurate, and nondestructive approach for detecting various chemical solutions and mixing gases and for biomedical applications.
Statistical Properties of Matrix Elements in a Hamilton System Between Integrability and Chaos

This paper concerns the statistical properties of matrix elements of Hermitian operators in an eigenbasis of a typical bounded Hamiltonian, which can be classically either ergodic, or integrable, or somewhere in between (mixed dynamics). The various types of statistics are addressed: the (one-)matrix element probability distribution, the correlations among different matrix elements and the so-called cross-correlations of matrix elements belonging to different operators. A sort of n-point correlation function among n matrix elements is defined and calculated (which can reduce to the generalized Feingold-Peres formula for the mean square magnitude of matrix elements in the special case of n = 2) and it is shown that in the semiclassical limit it tends to a microcanonical average over analog expressions involving classical observables. The semiclassical O(ħ) corrections yield interesting purely classical relations expressing microcanonical averages involving different time Poisson brackets as energy derivatives of microcanonical averages involving only ordinary products. In the classically ergodic case random matrix theory can be applied for modeling of all types of statistics, although the newly defined cross-statistics seem to be behaving nonuniversally at first sight.
New Frontiers in Colorectal Cancer Treatment Combining Nanotechnology with Photo- and Radiotherapy

Simple Summary Although colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer, its treatment strategies still have room for improvement, as current techniques carry risks that aggressively deteriorate patients’ quality of life. Medical physics using nanotechnology tools can significantly contribute to solving this challenge. The high biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and targeting capabilities of plasmonic (gold) nanoparticles, together with their high atomic number, which provides a large X-ray absorption cross-section, makes them potential agents for enhancing cancer therapeutics as photothermal therapy agents and as radiosensitizers. Hence, the auspicious possibility of synergistically combining radio- and phototherapies is of imperative importance and must be explored to enhance their clinical application. Abstract Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite recent advances in the treatment of this pathology, which include a personalized approach using radio- and chemotherapies in combination with advanced surgical techniques, it is imperative to enhance the performance of these treatments and decrease their detrimental side effects on patients’ health. Nanomedicine is likely the pathway towards solving this challenge by enhancing both the therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. In particular, plasmonic nanoparticles show remarkable potential due to their dual therapeutic functionalities as photothermal therapy agents and as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. Their dual functionality, high biocompatibility, easy functionalization, and targeting capabilities make them potential agents for inducing efficient cancer cell death with minimal side effects. This review aims to identify the main challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The heterogeneous nature of this cancer is also discussed from a single-cell point of view. The most relevant works in photo- and radiotherapy using nanotechnology-based therapies for colorectal cancer are addressed, ranging from in vitro studies (2D and 3D cell cultures) to in vivo studies and clinical trials. Although the results using nanoparticles as a photo- and radiosensitizers in photo- and radiotherapy are promising, preliminary studies showed that the possibility of combining both therapies must be explored to improve the treatment efficiency.