Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Univalent Monoidal Categories

Univalent categories constitute a well-behaved and useful notion of category in univalent foundations. The notion of univalence has subsequently been generalized to bicategories and other structures in (higher) category theory. Here, we zoom in on monoidal categories and study them in a univalent setting. Specifically, we show that the bicategory of univalent monoidal categories is univalent. Furthermore, we construct a Rezk completion for monoidal categories: we show how any monoidal category is weakly equivalent to a univalent monoidal category, universally. We have fully formalized these results in UniMath, a library of univalent mathematics in the Coq proof assistant.
About Pascal's tetrahedron with hypercomplex entries

It is evident, that the properties of monogenic polynomials in (n + 1)-real variables significantly depend on the generators e1,e2,. ,en of the underlying 2n-dimensional Clifford algebra Cl0,n over R and their interactions under multiplication. The case of n = 3 is studied through the consideration of Pascal's tetrahedron with hypercomplex entries as special case of the general Pascal simplex for arbitrary n, which represents a useful geometric arrangement of all possible products. The different layers Lk of Pascal's tetrahedron (or pyramid) are built by ordered symmetric products contained in the trinomial expansion of (e1+e2+e3)k,k = 0,1,.
Safe Imitation Learning of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Flexible Robots

Flexible robots may overcome some of the industry's major challenges, such as enabling intrinsically safe human-robot collaboration and achieving a higher load-to-mass ratio. However, controlling flexible robots is complicated due to their complex dynamics, which include oscillatory behavior and a high-dimensional state space. NMPC offers an effective means to control such robots, but its extensive computational demands often limit its application in real-time scenarios. To enable fast control of flexible robots, we propose a framework for a safe approximation of NMPC using imitation learning and a predictive safety filter. Our framework significantly reduces computation time while incurring a slight loss in performance. Compared to NMPC, our framework shows more than a eightfold improvement in computation time when controlling a three-dimensional flexible robot arm in simulation, all while guaranteeing safety constraints. Notably, our approach outperforms conventional reinforcement learning methods. The development of fast and safe approximate NMPC holds the potential to accelerate the adoption of flexible robots in industry.
Semi-supervised Learning with Robust Loss in Brain Segmentation

In this work, we used a semi-supervised learning method to train deep learning model that can segment the brain MRI images. The semi-supervised model uses less labeled data, and the performance is competitive with the supervised model with full labeled data. This framework could reduce the cost of labeling MRI images. We also introduced robust loss to reduce the noise effects of inaccurate labels generated in semi-supervised learning.
Analytic and Numerical Models for the Knots along the HH 111 Jet

We consider a model for HH 111 as a jet ejected with a sawtooth, time-dependent ejection velocity. Such a variability is suggested by the position-velocity (PV) diagrams obtained from Hubble Space Telescope observations. We calculate both analytic and numerical models describing the flow resulting from such an ejection velocity time variability. Analytically, we calculate the flow for the limiting cases of massless working surfaces (i.e., those that efficiently eject mass sideways into the cocoon of the jet) and mass-conserving working surfaces, and we find that the numerically computed flow lies between these two limits. From the numerical simulations, we compute PV diagrams that can be directly compared with the corresponding observations. We find a surprisingly good agreement, which can be seen as a partial confirmation of the interpretation of the knots along HH 111 as the result of a time dependence in the ejection. Also, we show that a sawtooth functional form for the ejection velocity variability appears to be particularly appropriate for modeling the detailed radial velocity structure of the knots along HH 111.
Neural Machine Translation with Contrastive Translation Memories

Retrieval-augmented Neural Machine Translation models have been successful in many translation scenarios. Different from previous works that make use of mutually similar but redundant translation memories (TMs), we propose a new retrieval-augmented NMT to model contrastively retrieved translation memories that are holistically similar to the source sentence while individually contrastive to each other providing maximal information gain in three phases. First, in TM retrieval phase, we adopt contrastive retrieval algorithm to avoid redundancy and uninformativeness of similar translation pieces. Second, in memory encoding stage, given a set of TMs we propose a novel Hierarchical Group Attention module to gather both local context of each TM and global context of the whole TM set. Finally, in training phase, a Multi-TM contrastive learning objective is introduced to learn salient feature of each TM with respect to target sentence. Experimental results show that our framework obtains substantial improvements over strong baselines in the benchmark dataset.
Homogeneous turbulence in the presence of rotation

Turbulence in solid-body rotation is generated by a flow of air passing through a rotating cylinder containing a dense honeycomb structure and a turbulence-producing grid. The velocity field is probed downstream of this device by hot-wire probes. Using the statistical quantities characterizing the fluctuating field, we show that the rotation affects mainly the components normal to the rotation axis and that these effects are triggered when the Rossby numbers constructed from macroscopic turbulent quantities, are less than unity. These results are discussed in the framework of other available experimental results on the subject. A theoretical interpretation, chiefly based on spectral analysis, is then proposed to explain the trends of the observations.
Learning the joint distribution of two sequences using little or no paired data

We present a noisy channel generative model of two sequences, for example text and speech, which enables uncovering the association between the two modalities when limited paired data is available. To address the intractability of the ex-act model under a realistic data setup, we propose a variational inference approximation. To train this variational model with categorical data, we propose a KL encoder loss approach which has connections to the wake-sleep algorithm. Identi-fying the joint or conditional distributions by only observing unpaired samples from the marginals is only possible under certain conditions in the data distribution and we discuss under what type of conditional independence assumptions that might be achieved, which guides the architecture de-signs. Experimental results show that even tiny amount of paired data ( 5 minutes) is sufﬁcient to learn to relate the two modalities (graphemes and phonemes here) when a massive amount of unpaired data is available, paving the path to adopt-ing this principled approach for all seq2seq models in low data resource regimes.
Partial Information Sharing Over Social Learning Networks

This work addresses the problem of sharing partial information within social learning strategies. In social learning, agents solve a distributed multiple hypothesis testing problem by performing two operations at each instant: first, agents incorporate information from private observations to form their beliefs over a set of hypotheses; second, agents combine the entirety of their beliefs locally among neighbors. Within a sufficiently informative environment and as long as the connectivity of the network allows information to diffuse across agents, these algorithms enable agents to learn the true hypothesis. Instead of sharing the entirety of their beliefs, this work considers the case in which agents will only share their beliefs regarding one hypothesis of interest, with the purpose of evaluating its validity, and draws conditions under which this policy does not affect truth learning. We propose two approaches for sharing partial information, depending on whether agents behave in a self-aware manner or not. The results show how different learning regimes arise, depending on the approach employed and on the inherent characteristics of the inference problem. Furthermore, the analysis interestingly points to the possibility of deceiving the network, as long as the evaluated hypothesis of interest is close enough to the truth.
Semantic Learning in a Probabilistic Type Theory with Records

We propose a probabilistic account of semantic learning from interaction formulated in terms of probabilistic type theory with records, building on Cooper et al. (2014, 2015); Lars-son and Cooper (2021). Starting from a probabilistic type theoretic formulations of naive Bayes classiﬁers, we illustrate our account of semantic learning with a simple language game (the fruit recognition game)
Improved diamond anvil high‐pressure cell for single‐crystal work

A diamond anvil high‐pressure cell especially designed for single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction studies is described, and with its commercial STOE goniometer head the new cell fits to almost every diffractometer type in use. In this high‐pressure cell the x‐ray beam passes nearly perpendicular to the pressure generating force. This geometry also allows the cell to be used on Weissenberg cameras, but with double‐radius film cylinders and adequately enlarged layer line screens. A knee‐type lever arm system generates the thrust. In the path of the beams there are no longer larger beryllium parts, which has improved the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Approximately 90% of all possible non‐Friedel reflections for Bragg angles up to 45° can be measured in the bisecting (ϑ=ω) position, up to 95% with general diffractometer settings. An analytic absorption correction was used with beryllium gasketing to eliminate the need to know the thickness of the gasket between the two diamonds. The highest pressure reached which gave sat.
Aerobic scope falls to nil at Pcrit and anaerobic ATP production increases below Pcrit in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus

The critical oxygen tension of whole-animal oxygen uptake rate, or Pcrit, has historically been defined as the oxygen partial pressure (PO2) at which aerobic scope falls to zero and further declines in PO2 require substrate-level phosphorylation to meet shortfalls in aerobic ATP production, thereby time-limiting survival. Despite the inclusion of aerobic scope and anaerobic ATP production in the definition, little effort has been made to verify that Pcrit measurements, the vast majority of which are obtained using respirometry in resting animals, actually reflect the predictions of zero aerobic scope and a transition to increasing reliance on anaerobic ATP production. To test these predictions, we compared aerobic scope and levels of whole-body lactate at oxygen partial pressures (PO2s) bracketing Pcrit obtained in resting fish during progressive hypoxia in the tidepool sculpin, Oligocottus maculosus. We found that aerobic scope falls to zero at Pcrit and, in resting fish exposed to PO2s < Pcrit, whole-body lactate accumulated pointing to an increased reliance on anaerobic ATP production. These results support the interpretation of Pcrit as a key oxygen threshold at which aerobic scope falls to nil and, below Pcrit, survival is time-limited based on anaerobic metabolic capacity.
Branching coral morphology affects physiological performance in the absence of colony integration

For nearly 50 years, analyses of coral physiology have used small coral fragments (nubbins) to make inferences about larger colonies. However, scaling in corals shows that linear extrapolations from nubbins to whole colonies can be misleading, because polyps in nubbins are divorced of their morphologically complex and physiologically integrated corallum. We tested for the effects of integration among branches in determining size-dependent calcification of the coral Pocillopora spp. under elevated PCO2. Area-normalized net calcification was compared between branches (nubbins), aggregates of nubbins (complex morphologies without integration) and whole colonies (physiologically integrated) at 400 versus approximately 1000 µatm PCO2. Net calcification was unaffected by PCO2, but differed among colony types. Single nubbins grew faster than whole colonies, but when aggregated, nubbins changed calcification to match whole colonies even though they lacked integration among branches. Corallum morphology causes the phenotype of branching corals to differ from the summation of their branches.
Palaeopathological evidence for intraspecific combat in ankylosaurid dinosaurs

Ankylosaurid dinosaurs were heavily armoured herbivores with tails modified into club-like weapons. These tail clubs have widely been considered defensive adaptations wielded against predatory theropod dinosaurs. Here we argue instead that ankylosaurid tail clubs were sexually selected structures used primarily for intraspecific combat. We found pathological osteoderms (armour plates) in the holotype specimen of Zuul crurivastator, which are localized to the flanks in the hip region rather than distributed randomly across the body, consistent with injuries inflicted by lateral tail-swinging and ritualized combat. We failed to find convincing evidence for predation as a key selective pressure in the evolution of the tail club. High variation in tail club size through time, and delayed ontogenetic growth of the tail club further support the sexual selection hypothesis. There is little doubt that the tail club could have been used in defence when needed, but our results suggest that sexual selection drove the evolution of this impressive weapon. This changes the prevailing view of ankylosaurs, suggesting they were behaviorally complex animals that likely engaged in ritualized combat for social dominance as in other ornithischian dinosaurs and mammals.
Optical pulse generation in single section InAs/GaAs quantum dot edge emitting lasers under continuous wave operation

Observation of sub-picosecond pulses from a single section Fabry Perot InAs/GaAs edge emitting quantum dot (QD) based laser at 1.3 μm under continuous wave operation is reported. After group delay dispersion compensation, pulse durations as short as 770 fs in a 45 GHz repetition rate device have been measured, with 1.9 W of peak power and a narrow radio frequency spectrum of only a few kHz linewidth. The experiments show evidence of an unexplored mode locking regime in the InAs/GaAs quantum dot material system, which still needs theoretical modelling and further analysis.
Effect of growth condition on the electrical behavior of BiFeO3/Si thin film devices

Abstract BiFeO3 thin films were deposited onto single crystalline Si (100) substrate using Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The effect of different oxygen partial pressure on the BiFeO3 film growth, structural and transport properties has been investigated. Structural characterization shows that film growth under lower partial pressure exhibits a minor impurity phase which gets suppressed under higher oxygen partial pressure (OP2). The effect of OP2 during the deposition on the leakage current and the role of oxygen vacancies have been understood in the context of various charge transport mechanism. RBS study confirms the presence of oxygen content in the film studied which are responsible for the modification in the Electrical behavior of BFO/Si thin film devices.
Summating Potential of the Cochlea in the Guinea Pig

The cochlear microphonics and the summating potential were recorded simultaneously by means of a superfine micropipette which was introduced into scala media through the round window. A sudden jump in dc resting potential from negative to positive occurred as the tip of the electrode penetrated the reticular lamina. At this instant a reversal in polarity of the summating potential and the cochlear microphonics was observed. The polarity and amplitude of the summating potential to long‐lasting pure tones were dependent not only on intensity and frequency of stimuli but also upon the position of the recording electrode along the cochlea. A dc polarizing current was applied between scala vestibuli and scala tympani in the basal turn. Although both the positive and negative summating potentials were usually enhanced by dc current traveling from scala vestibuli to scala tympani and depressed by the dc current in the opposite direction, there were several exceptions. This fact suggests that the hair‐bearing sur.
Acoustic imaging in enclosed spaces: Analysis of room geometry modifications on the impulse response

Sound propagation in enclosed spaces is characterized by reflections at the boundaries of the enclosure. Reflections can be wanted in the case when they support the direct sound or give a feeling of envelopment or they can be unwanted when they lead to echoes and colouration. When measuring multiple impulse responses in an enclosed space along an array the reflections can be mapped to the reflecting objects. Similar to seismic exploration, medical diagnostics, and underwater acoustics, an image of the reflecting objects is obtained in terms of reflected energy. The imaging process is based on inverse wave field extrapolation with the Kirchhoff–Helmholtz and Rayleigh integrals. The inverse of the imaging process recreates the measured impulse responses from the image and it allows one to remove or alter reflecting objects in the image and investigate their influence on the wave field in the enclosed space in a physically correct way. This can be verified by reimaging the altered wave field. Preliminary res.
Some surprising results about covariate adjustment in logistic regression models

Summary Results from classic linear regression regarding the effect of adjusting for covariates upon the precision of an estimator of exposure effect are often assumed to apply more generally to other types of regression models. In this paper we show that such an assumption is not justified in the case of logistic regression, where the effect of adjusting for covariates upon precision is quite different. For example, in classic linear regression the adjustment for a non-confounding predictive covariate results in improved precision, whereas such adjustment in logistic regression results in a loss of precision. However, when testing for a treatment effect in randomized studies, it is always more efficient to adjust for predictive covariates when logistic models are used, and thus in this regard the behavior of logistic regression is the same as that of classic linear regression.
A Generative Grammar for Jazz Chord Sequences

The recursive character of musical chord sequences makes generative grammar a suitable formalism for describing the rules that constrain such sequences. A small number of rules are presented which generate the members of a large class of complex chord sequences that are generally recognised to be closely related, namely the set of jazz 12-bar blues. The rules are illustrated using a testing corpus of jazz chord sequences, and certain extensions are considered.
Multiphoton excitation of disc shaped quantum dot in presence of laser (THz) and magnetic field for bioimaging

Recently, multiphoton processes in nanostructures have attracted much attention for their promising applications, especially in growing field of bioimaging. Here we investigate the optical response of quantum disc (QD) in the presence of laser and a static magnetic field. Floquet theory is employed to solve the equation of motion for laser driven intraband transitions between the states of the conduction band. Several interesting features namely dynamic stark shift, power broadening, and hole burning on excited levels degeneracy breaking are observed with variation of electric and magnetic field strengths. Enhancement and power broadening observed for excited states probabilities with increase of external fields are directly linked to the emission spectra of QD and will be useful for making future bioimaging devices.
Multiscale auroral emission statistics as evidence of turbulent reconnection in Earth's midtail plasma sheet

[1] We provide indirect evidence for turbulent reconnection in Earth's midtail plasma sheet by reexamining the statistical properties of bright, nightside auroral emission events as observed by the UVI experiment on the Polar spacecraft and discussed previously by Uritsky et al. (2002, 2003, 2006). The events are divided into two groups: (1) those that map to ∣XGSM∣ 12 RE and do show scale-free statistics. The ∣XGSM∣ dependence is shown to most effectively organize the events into these two groups. Power law exponents obtained for group 2 are shown to validate the conclusions of Uritsky et al. concerning the existence of critical dynamics in the auroral emissions. It is suggested that the auroral dynamics is a reflection of a critical state in the magnetotail that is based on the dynamics of turbulent reconnection in the midtail plasma sheet.
Observations of Jovian upstream events by Ulysses

The heliosphere instrument for spectra composition and anisotropy at low energy (HISCALE) experiment on board the Ulysses spacecraft, during the Jovian flyby. measured 192 distinct 61-77 keV upstream ion events of probable Jovian origin. Event-averaged characteristics such as intensities, anisotropies, power law spectral exponents, averaged event duration, and magnetic field configurations were obtained. Within 1000 R J . all ion observations >2.92 particles/(cm 2 sr s keV) were found to be of probable Jovian origin. Evidence for velocity dispersion and convecting spatial structures was discovered through detailed analysis of individual events. Jupiter was found to be a significant source of interplanetary ions and electrons.
On Orthogonal Polynomials With Respect to a Positive Definite Matrix of Measures

Abstract In this paper, we prove that any sequence of polynomials (pn ) n for which dgr(pn ) = n which satisfies a (2N + l)-term recurrence relation is orthogonal with respect to a positive definite N × N matrix of measures. We use that result to prove asymptotic properties of the kernel polynomials associated to a positive measure or a positive definite matrix of measures. Finally, some examples are given.
Berechnung verschiedener physikalischer Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen. I. Dielektrizitätskonstanten und Leitfähigkeiten der Mischkörper aus isotropen Substanzen

Es werden verschiedene physikalische Konstanten heterogener Korper aus den Konstanten ihrer homogenen Bestandteile nach einer einheitlichen Methode berechnet. In dieser ersten Arbeit wird die Berechnung der Dielektrizitatskonstanten und der Leitfahigkeiten fur Elektrizitat und Warme der Mischkorper aus isotropen Bestandteilen behandelt. Die Genauigkeit der alteren Formeln wird untersucht und die bis jetzt unbekannten Konstanten dieser Formeln werden berechnet. Sodann wird die Theorie gepruft an Messungen der Leitfahigkeit bei heterogenen Metallegierungen und an den DK. von gepresten Pulvern und Emulsionen; die verschiedenen Formeln werden bestatigt. Bei dieser Anwendung werden einige Widerspruche zwischen fruheren Untersuchungen aufgehoben und es wird versucht, einige ungenau bekannte DK. genauer zu bestimmen.