Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Land-atmosphere CO2 exchange simulated by a land surface process model coupled to an atmospheric general circulation model

CO2 uptake during plant photosynthesis and CO2 loss during plant and microbial respiration were added to a land surface process model to simulate the diurnal and annual cycles of biosphere-atmosphere CO2 exchange. The model was coupled to a modified version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model version 2 (CCM2), and the coupled model was run for 5 years. The geographic patterns of annual net primary production are qualitatively similar to other models. When compared by vegetation type, annual production and annual microbial respiration are consistent with other models, except for needleleaf evergreen tree vegetation, where production is too high, and semidesert vegetation, where production and microbial respiration are too low. The seasonality of the net CO2 flux agrees with other models in the southern hemisphere and the tropics. The diurnal range is large for photosynthesis and lower for plant and microbial respiration, which agrees with qualitative expectations. The simulation of the central United States is poor due to temperature and precipitation biases in the coupled model. Despite these deficiencies the current approach is a promising means to include terrestrial CO2 fluxes in a climate system model that simulates atmospheric CO2 concentrations, because it alleviates importantmore » parameterization discrepancies between standard biogeochemical models and the land surface models typically used in general circulation models, and because the model resolves the diurnal range of CO2 exchange, which can be large (15 - 45 micromol CO2 sq m/s). « less
Entry and Exit in a Liberalised Market

We analyze the determinants of entry and exit in the European Airline Markets in the post-liberalization period. Unlike previous studies, we find that the presence of charter or seasonal operators and the level of quality provided by the incumbents are relevant to explain entry and exit. Differential traits in the main low cost airlines' entry and exit behavior are also analysed.
MathIRs: Retrieval System for Scientiﬁc Documents

Effective retrieval of mathematical contents from vast corpus of scientiﬁc documents demands enhancement in the conventional indexing and searching mechanisms. Indexing mechanism and the choice of semantic similarity measures guide the results of Math Information Retrieval system (MathIRs) to perfection. Tokenization and formula uniﬁcation are among the distinguishing features of indexing mechanism, used in MathIRs, which facilitate sub-formula and similarity search. Besides, the scientiﬁc documents and the user queries in MathIRs will contain math as well as text contents and to match these contents we require three important modules: Text-Text Similarity (TS), Math-Math Similarity (MS) and Text-Math Similarity (TMS). In this paper we have proposed MathIRs comprising these important modules and a substitution tree based mechanism for indexing mathematical expressions. We have also presented experimental results for similarity search and argued that proposal of MathIRs will ease the task of scientiﬁc document retrieval.
Mineral re-equilibration and P-T path of metagabbros, Sierra de San Luis, Argentina: insights into the exhumation of a mafic-ultramafic belt

At La Melada, Sierra de San Luis, Argentina, two lenses of mafic-ultramafic rocks, mainly consisting of metagabbros, are made up of igneous and metamorphic minerals in varying combinations. These rocks are part of a narrow NNE-SSW trending belt along the eastern flank of the Sierra and were affected by Famatinian metamorphism and deformation followed by shear deformation. La Melada metagabbros show a wide variety of microstructures including actinolite + chlorite + quartz pseudomorphs, epidote coronas and epidote + quartz symplectites, actinolite + quartz intergrowths and calcite + chlorite aggregates. These microstructural characteristics witness a complex metamorphic history consisting of a progressive cooling and decompression associated with regional and shear deformation from M0 down to the M1 to M3 greenschist/sub-greenschist stage. Cooling from the M0 stage ( T ≈780°C and 6.5 P T = 650–670 °C, P T P ≈ 3.8 kbar). The third re-equilibration stage led to the formation of epidote coronas and epidote + quartz symplectite around igneous plagioclase (M3 stage, 420 T P P-T path previously reported in the literature, La Melada rocks indicate that mineral re-equilibration reached P-T conditions as low as ~420–470 °C, with epidote development under (sub-)greenschist-facies P-T conditions. The resulting P-T path is in agreement with the P-T path reconstructed for the country rocks.
SINAI Participation at DA-VINCIS Task in IberLEF 2023: Data Augmentation for Multimodal Classification

This paper describes the participation of the SINAI team in the Detection of Aggressive and Violent INCIdents from Social Media in Spanish (DA-VINCIS) task organized at the evaluation campaign IberLEF 2023. The system combines the encoding of text and images with separated pretrained neural networks. The network was fine-tuned on an augmented dataset from the provided training data. The proposed approach obtained, in task 1, an F1 score of 0.9165 and, in task 2, the second-best result, with an F1 score of 0.8733. The results suggest that data augmentation and the fusion of modality-specialized encoders are valid strategies for achieving state-of-the-art results for the automatic classification of data that combine visual and textual information.
SUVpeak performance in Lung Cancer: Comparison to Average SUV from 40 Hottest Voxels.

The performance of an average standard uptake value (SUV) over a 1-mL-volume sphere within an 18 F-FDG-positive lesion resulting in the highest possible value (SUV peakW ), was compared to that of an average SUV computed from the 40 hottest voxels, irrespective of their location within the lesion (SUV max–40 ). Methods: A PET dynamic acquisition performed in 20 lung cancer lesions yielded for each SUV metric its mean value, relative measurement error and repeatability (MEr–R). Results: SUV peakW mean value was significantly 9.66% lower than that of SUV max–40 ( P <0.0001). SUV peakW and SUV max–40 MEr–R were significantly lower than MEr-R of SUV max (the hottest voxel): 9.35–13.21%, 8.84–12.49% versus 13.86–19.59% respectively (95%-CL; P <0.0001). Although being marginal, SUV peakW MEr–R were not significantly greater than SUV max–40 MEr– R ( P =0.086). Conclusions: SUV max–40 is more likely to represent the most metabolically active portions of tumors than SUV peakW , with close variability performance.
A High-Resolution Single-Source Three-Phase Switched-Capacitor Inverter with High Voltage Gain

: A novel three-phase switched-capacitor (SC) topology is proposed in this paper. A seven-level line-to-line output voltage waveform is generated by the fundamental structure of the proposed topology, which includes eight switches and two capacitors, per phase leg. The proposed topology has several main features, including increased boost capabilities, lower voltage stresses, and a minimum number of device counts. Switched capacitors also have built-in capacitor voltage balancing, eliminating the need for a separate balancing circuit. The modulation technique is used to keep the capacitors self-balanced for all values of the modulation index. In this paper circuit description, mode of operation, and modulation strategy is discussed thoroughly. Lastly, simulation results are provided to validate the feasibility of the proposed inverter.
From Data to Eﬀects Dependence Graphs: Source-to-Source Transformations for C

Program optimizations, transformations and analyses are applied to intermediate representations, which usually do not include explicit variable declarations. This description level is ﬁne for middle-ends and for source-to-source optimizers of simple languages. However, the C language is much more ﬂexible: variable and type declarations can appear almost anywhere in source code, and they cannot become implicit in the output code of a C source-to-source compiler. We show that declaration statements can be handled like the other statements and with the same algorithms if new eﬀect information is deﬁned and handled by the compiler, such as writing the environment when a variable is declared and reading it when it is accessed. This extension has been used for several years in our PIPS framework and has remained compatible with its new developments such as oﬄoading compilers for GPUs and coprocessors.
Knowledge Goal Recognition for Interactive Narratives

Player goals in games are often framed in terms of achieving something in the game world, but this framing can fail to capture goals centered on the player’s own mental model, such as seeking the answers to questions about the game world. We use a least-commitment model of interactive narrative to characterize these knowledge goals and the problem of knowledge goal recognition . As a first attempt to solve the knowledge goal recognition problem, we adapt a classical goal recognition paradigm, but in our empirical evaluation the approach suffers from a high rate of incorrectly rejecting a synthetic player’s true goals; we discuss how handling of player goals could be made more robust in practice.
SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE TOPOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE SIGMA-COMPACT SPACES l) AND E

We use a technique involving skeletoids in cr-compact metric ARs to obtain some new examples of spaces homeomorphic to the cr-compact linear spaces I2, and E. For example, we show that (1) every No-dimensional metric linear space is homeomorphic to ¡? ; (2) every cr-compact metric linear space which is an AR and which contains an infinite-dimensional compact convex subset is homeomorphic to E; and (3) every weak product of a sequence of cr-compact metric ARs which contain Hubert cubes is homeomorphic to E.
Small-scale wind-powered seawater desalination without batteries.

Potable water is a commodity taken for granted by many in modem society. In places where it is not naturally available, it is usually produced by adequate processing of the supply from other sources, as is the case with seawater desalination. Such processes require an energy supply, which just as well may not exist at many of these locations. In view of the above, this w~rk focuses on the study of two well-established technologies and their integration: water desalination by Reverse Osmosis (RO) and electricity generation using Wind Energy. Based on the premise that no energy backup or storage devices would be employed, two alternative wind-powered RO system configurations are proposed. Their components are individually described and modelled. Control strategies are devised for both systems, aiming at making the best possible use of the energy available. The expected performances of both systems are assessed through simulation of computer models. Based on the simulated performance results, one of the systems is chosen for further development. A prototype system is built and experimental tests carried out. The design of the prototype is detailed and the results obtained are presented. In the light of these results, the developed model is validated and the viability of the system is discussed. Finally, practical implementation issues are discussed; a case study is introduced, including performance predictions and a simplified economic analysis presented.
Yanshanian aluminous A-type granitoids in the Chunshui of Biyang,south margin of North China Craton:Implications from petrology,geochronology and geochemistry

With the method of single zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the magmatic zircon ages of 132.8±0.8Ma,131.9±1.1 Ma and 120.9±0.8Ma are yield in the biotite-monzonitic granites from Huangshan pluton,Zushiding pluton and Juezishan pluton respectively,which are located around Chunshui,Biyang County,at the south margin of North China Craton and intruded Ruyang Group and the Neoproterozoic granite.The three piutons are all mostly biotite-monzonitic granite lithologically with limited variation, in which microperthite and biotite are conspicuous minerals.They are characterized by high silica,potassium,alkaline contents, FeO~*/MgO ratio and low magnesium and calcium,whereas rich in high field strength dements (HFSE),such as Ta,Zr and Hf and lack in incompatible elements Ba,P,Sr,Ti,Nb et al.They have high SiO_2 contents with broad variation,low MgO and CaO contents,relatively high K_2O/Na_2O ratios,which indicates high-K calc-alkaline series,and of slight peraluminous.All of them have similar characteristics of trace elements (including REE) patterns by relatively low∑REE contents,moderate light rare earth elements (LREE)/ heavy rare earth elements (HREE) ratios and light to moderate negative Eu anomalies.The ratios of (La/Yb)_N (9.32～42.43),Ga/Al,Nb/Ta and Rb/Nb are analogous to those of A-type granitoid.The t_(2DM) ande_(Nd)(t) values bear an analogy with those of paragneiss of Qinling Group,and they are about 2.0 Ga and vary between -12.4 and -13.5 respectively herein.The high initial ratios of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr (0.70648～0.70823) suggest continent crust involved in their source.Integrated analysis reveals that the three granitic plutons are A2-type (PA-type) granite of crustal origin.The magma was generated by partial melting of the aneient paragneiss of Qinling Group in North Qinling that have been subducted beneath the lower ernst of southern North China Craton and subsequent diffrentiation.Underplating of the upwelled asthenospheric material induced by delamination might have provided heat for the melting. The Huangshan pluton,Zushiding pluton and Juezishan granitoids were formed in the lithosphere extensional setting resulted from the subduction of the Paleo-Paeific Plate beneath the Eurasia Plate.
The Oil Revenue, Exchange Rate and Stock Market Investment in Iran

: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of oil revenues and exchange rate on the amount of investment in the stock market in Iran using seasonal data in the period of 2008-2019. To this end, the effect of oil revenues, exchange rate and inflation on the amount of investment in the stock market in Iran has been estimated using a Markov-switching model. The results from a two-regime regression show that oil revenues, exchange rate, and inflation are regime-dependent and have different effects on the investment in the stock market in Iran. The results show that in regime (1), oil revenue and exchange rate coefficients are positive and inflation is negative. In regime (2), inflation and exchange rate coefficients are negative and oil revenue is positive.
Nonlinear instability of Kerr-type Cauchy horizons.

Using the general solution to the Einstein equations on intersecting null surfaces developed by Hayward we investigate the nonlinear instability of the Cauchy horizon inside a realistic black hole. Making a minimal assumption about the free gravitational data allows us to solve the field equations along a null surface crossing the Cauchy horizon. As in the spherical case, the results indicate that a diverging influx of gravitational energy, in concert with an outflux across the Cauchy horizon, is responsible for the singularity. The spacetime is asymptotically Petrov type N, the same algebraic type as a gravitational shock wave. Implications for the continuation of spacetime through the singularity are briefly discussed.
Communications on Stochastic Analysis Communications on Stochastic Analysis

This paper studies the application of exact simulation methods for multi-dimensional multiplicative noise stochastic diﬀerential equations to ﬁltering. Stochastic diﬀerential equations with multiplicative noise naturally occur as Zakai equation in hidden Markov chain ﬁltering. The paper proposes a quasi-exact approximation method for hidden Markov chain ﬁlters, which can be applied when discrete time approximations, such as the Euler scheme, may fail in practice.
The axial skeleton

SYNOPSIS. The postcranial axial skeleton of Cheddar Man (Gough's Cave 1 ) is represented by seventeen presacral vertebrae, the sacrum, and nineteen ribs, all of which are relatively well-preserved. Cheddar Man derives from early Holocene deposits in Gough's Cave, and the remains of his axial postcranial skeleton are described here. Comparative evaluation of the Gough's Cave 1 remains reveals an axial skeleton that falls within the range of variation in size and shape of males of the same time period, albeit towards the small end of that range (reflecting relatively short stature in Cheddar Man).
The Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis on the Health Status of the Managers of Small and Medium Enterprises in Morocco

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed serious threats to the physical and mental health of the managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Morocco. The health capital of leaders is the first intangible capital of the SME, in addition, the physical and mental health of the entrepreneur is reflected in the health of the company. It has also triggered a wide range of psychological reactions such as panic, anxiety, and depression. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the health status of SME managers in Morocco, which will hopefully contribute to informing the intervention policies to address this challenge efficiently and effectively. So, the main question this study addresses is: what is the impact of the current crisis (pandemic Covid-19) on the health status of our entrepreneurs? In terms of methodology, two questionnaires were used, the first one concerns the measurement of the burn-out of SME managers during the covid-19 pandemic, using a version of Maslach burn-out inventory, and the second questionnaire ''The COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) '', the questionnaire was adapted from the Shanghai Mental Health Centre. The data processing was carried out by SPSS, using the method: Analysis in Principal Components. The results of our study show that the risks of burnout have increased during the Covid-19 crisis, which might lead to the failure of SMEs. The Covid-19 has an impact on SME managers' health, according to our research's main findings. The burnout scale reached a mean of 26.55, with 30% representing very burned-out leaders. We found that the average depersonalization score was 11.6, which means that 45 percent of managers have mild burnout. The results of burnout are confirmed by the high personal achievement score.
TEACHER ATTRITION AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ONDO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ONDO STATE

The study investigated teachers’ attrition and students’ academic performance in public and private secondary schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of survey type was adopted. The stratified random sampling technique was used. 10 public and 10 private secondary schools were selected through purposive and stratified sampling technique. Two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Data were collected through the use of a validated “Teacher Attrition Descriptive Questionnaire” (TADQ) with a reliability of r = 0.92, and a proforma of students’ academic performance. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed that there was high extent of teacher attrition in public and private secondary schools in Ondo West Local Government Area of Ondo State. Also, it was found that the level of students’ academic performance was moderate in both types of school. Again, findings revealed that there was a negative significant relationship between teacher attrition and students’ academic performance in public and private secondary schools in Ondo West Local Government and there was no significant difference in the extent of teacher attrition between public and private secondary schools in study area. Based on the findings, the recommendation were: Better services and good welfare packages should be made available for teachers so as to reduce teacher attrition rate and paying attention to teachers by giving them equal regards like other professions would increase their retention.
A Causal Nexus Of Indian Agricultural Futures Market In Pre- And Post-COVID19 Outburst: A Case Of India's First Tradable Agri-Futures Index

The research article examined the causal nexus in between two listed (NCDEX) benchmark agricultural futures indices in India, say, NKRISHI (Weighted Index) and AGRIDEX (Return based Index). Daily closing futures prices has been retrieved from official platform of NCDEX dated from April 1, 2018 to January 29, 2020 as first period (Pre-COVID19) and from January 30, 2020 to October 11, 2021 as second period (During COVID19). The causal nexus has been examined by using of Unit Root test (ADF), pairwise Granger Causality and Johansen Co-integration tests. The empirical investigation help to comprehend that there is no significant relationship (long-run as well as short-run) in between AGRIDEX and NKRISHI indices in both Pre-COVID19 and During-COVID19 periods. The results concluded that there is not a big impact on both the indices after the COVID19 outbreak. The Results highlight the efficiency of both the markets, say, NKRISHI and AGRIDEX futures indices, and also establish relevant information for investors, policymakers, researchers and hedgers for future investments and further analysis. It contributes to the market efficiency literature for agricultural futures market.
A Comparative Study Of Load Balancing Algorithms With Various Performance Metrics For Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has received huge attention from researchers in the IT sector, business intelligence professionals and clients. It is basically an internet-based computing system with a sophisticated computational framework that provide services to clients globally and has various advantages over other computing systems. This is not a location-based computing model wherein centralized servers offer all information, programs, and resources to computers and other essential devices such as mobile phones, PDAs, and so on. In this paper, a brief introduction about cloud computing, its history is provided, and also discusses some major challenges that are faced in cloud computing. Moreover, this paper also studied the need for balancing the loads in cloud computing. In addition to this, the authors reviewed and studied different methods including meta-heuristic algorithms which include Ant colony optimization (ACO), Honey bee foraging, genetic algorithm or GA, hill climbing etc. that can be utilized for load balancing. Later on, a literature survey is also conducted in which more than 30 articles about cloud computing are analyzed, followed by some of the important load balancing factors. The study concludes that in order to improve the cloud services various factors such as processing time, complexity, scalability etc., plays an important role and while developing future systems much factors should be considered. This could help the systems to work for dynamic environments.
DEVELOP A SYSTEM FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE RECOGNITION USING MACHINE LEARNING Implementation and Results

: The future of the automobile industry is electric vehicles which are advantageous to us in many ways. Electric vehicles do not emit pollutants which make them eco-friendly and are generally differentiated with the help of a green license plate. The proposed system aims at building an intelligent model that can recognize electric vehicles such as cars, buses, autos and two-wheelers from its green license plate. The technique used here is image processing which works by processing the images of vehicle license plates. The final objective is to create an automatic authorized electric vehicle recognition machine. The data can be used by the government to conduct surveys and monitor the growth of electric vehicles in society. The data can also be further analyzed by environmentalists to understand the level of impact the electric vehicles have on the environment.