Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel selection method of CMIP6 GCMs for robust climate projection

The selection of global climate models (GCMs) is a major challenge for reliable projection of climate. A novel method is introduced in this study to select couple model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) GCMs. Climatology maps of GCM simulated precipitation, maximum temperature and minimum temperature data were rasterized to form 8‐bit grey scale images, which were subsequently merged to form a colour image. The GCMs' climatology images were compared with the climatology image prepared using gridded climate data for their performance assessment. This allowed an unbiased comparison of GCMs according to their ability to reconstruct three major climate variables' climatology. The proposed method was employed for CMIP6 GCMs selections and projection of climate of Egypt for different shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. The study recognized four GCMs suitable for climate projections of Egypt, ACCESS‐CM2, AWI‐CM‐1‐1‐MR, BCC‐CSM2‐MR and MRI‐ESM2‐0. The selected models' biases in simulating precipitation and temperature showed consistent results, underestimating the north and overestimating in the south for rainfall. However, the projections of different GCMs showed a considerable inconsistency. Overall, the results indicated a possible decrease in annual and winter precipitation in the range of 0 to −50% in the high rainfall regions in the north and a large increase in the low rainfall (~5 mm) region in the south. The low rainfall zone in the south showed a gradual expansion with the increase of SSPs and time. The maximum and minimum temperature showed a higher increase in the south, particularly southeast (>6°C in the far future) and least in the northern coastal zone.
RF power amplifiers-classes A through S

With at least ten lettered classes of RF power amplifiers and several combinations of those classes, it is not surprising that many RF engineers are confused about power amplifiers. The complexity of the subject is compounded by the fact that the RF power transistor acts as a high-resistance current source or as a low-resistance switch, or - in some amplifiers - as a high-resistance current source during part of the" on" interval and as a low-resistance switch during another part of the" on" interval (mixed-mode operation). Inspection of the circuit topology is not sufficient to define unambiguously the transistor operating mode or the amplifier class of operation. In this paper the authors present the facts to clarify matters. <<ETX>>
Symmetrically Truncated Right-Angle Corners in Parallel-Plate and Rectangular Waveguides

The symmetrically truncated right angle E-plane corner is investigated as a function of the position of the truncation plane. The problem is treated by placing electric and magnetic walls in the plane of symmetry of the bend and solving the resulting boundary value problems assuming an incident TEM mode in parallel-plate waveguide. The results are directly applicable to the same type of corner in rectangular waveguide. In analyzing the problem an infinite set of first order differential equations arise which are appropriately truncated and solved on an electronic computer by means of a fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme.
Subharmonic injection locking slot oscillators

Synchronisation of monolithically integrated slot osciliators [1] at subharmonics of different order is investigated. With the fourth subharmonic, locking bandwidths up to 750MHz can be achieved at an oscillating frequency of 71 GHz. The locking bandwidth, depending on the locking power, has been determined. The influence of a change in locking power against the position of the locking bandwidth has been examined
The Rollover Prediction and Prevention of Bullet Proof Vehicles for Improved Stability

Bullet proof vehicles (BPVs) are special purpose vehicles manufactured by carrying out modification of existing vehicle mostly inside compartment which contains basically hidden box of steel built inside the vehicle. Most critical areas of a bullet proof vehicle are protection of persons and maneuverability of the vehicle. Difficulties being faced in producing BPvs includes identification of suitable vehicle roll over models from the literature, parameters selection, comparison of these models and formulation of model new one exclusive to bullet proof vehicles produced in developing countries. This work presents an initial investigation to narrow down parameters selection to analyze roll over tendency in Bullet proof vehicles and offer a suitable methodology to avoid expected Bullet Proof Vehicle rollover due to dangerous driving maneuvers. Different scenarios are to be considered while roll model formulation of these special purpose bullet proof vehicles. Not only the add on armored protection drastically increase the weight of the vehicle which is the most critical area but also some special cases which are specific to BPV maneuverability also arises. The effect of such instable tendency on rollover require investigation not captured by existing normal vehicle models and further supports the idea for its investigation of roll over tendency. It has been learnt that uneven distribution of weight develops certain moments in a BPV which can create hidden instability tendency in a BPV. (Syed Gul Hassan Naqvi, Syed Athar Masood, Shahab Khushnood, Ali Rizwan. The Rollover Prediction and Prevention of Bullet Proof Vehicles for Improved Stability. Life Sci J 2013;10(4s):209-214) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com . 31
A Dynamic Intelligent Approach Based on Gaussian Function for Prediction of the Flashover Voltage Conditions on Polluted Polymer Insulators

This research presents a dynamic modeling approach to predict flashover voltage (FOV) of polymer insulators. Pre-flashover conditions can be used to represent analytical formulations for different stages of dry band arcing activities on the surface of polluted insulator. In this study, experimental results of pollution flashover tests are used to develop a circuit model of pollution arcs based on Obenaus’ model. Estimation of circuit values is done by use of intelligent algorithm with no dependency on profile of insulators which is also more beneficial than typical analytical calculations. Then, separation and investigation of discharge and pollution voltage is done and proper classification is made. This classification is later used to predict pre-flashover conditions and pollution flashover. Gaussian model is used to make fitness of voltage of pollution layer and voltage of discharge on the surface of insulator. Gaussian representation of each stage in pollution flashover contains critical signals leading to complete discharge. Based on the obtained model, a flowchart is presented to predict dynamic stages of flashover. Comparison to various experimental data shows close correlations with the results of proposed model. An online monitoring system can be developed according to obtained results in order to prevent pollution flashover.
Effects of silicone impregnant viscosity on metallised layer of polypropylene capacitor film under partial discharges

The authors present results of testing the metallised layer of polypropylene (PP) capacitor film for destruction from partial discharges (PD) and from arcing with impregnated silicone fluids of different viscosity. A special method of testing is presented. The testing was carried out on specimens which modelled a capacitor dielectric system containing the metallised PP film and silicone impregnating fluid. The characteristics of PDs were measured by means of a pulse-height analyser with a detection level of 10-13 C. The arcing voltage between the high-voltage electrode and measuring electrode was measured by means of a disconnecting device whose disconnect time is ≤ 20 µs. In both specimens the object under test was the metallised 8 µm PP film, with an Al metallised layer of 4 Ω surface resistance. The time dependence of destroyed length, the frequency dependence of electrode erosion rate and the relationship between electrode gap distance and arcing voltage are given.
MULTIOBJECTIVE DYNAMIC APERTURE OPTIMIZATION AT NSLS-II

In this paper we present a multiobjective approach to the dynamic aperture (DA) optimization. Taking the NSLS-II lattice as an example, we have used both sextupoles and quadrupoles as tuning variables to optimize both on-momentum and off-momentum DA. The geometric and chromatic sextupoles are used for nonlinear properties while the tunes are independently varied by quadrupoles. The dispersion and emittance are fixed during tunes variation. The algorithms, procedures, performances and results of our optimization of DA will be discussed and they are found to be robust, general and easy to apply to similar problems.
Propagator Method-Based Joint Estimation of Angle and Polarization for Bistatic MIMO Radar with Polarization Sensitive Array

This paper links the parameter estimation problem of polarization diversity bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar to propagator method (PM), and proposes an algorithm for joint estimation of direction-of-departure (DOD), direction-of-arrival (DOA) and polarization information for bistatic MIMO radars. PM algorithm is a low complexity algorithm since it requires no eigen-value decomposition (EVD) of the covariance matrix of the received data. The proposed algorithm can estimate the multiple parameter accurately, while achieve paired parameters estimation automatically. Through obtaining polarization information, MIMO radars can further increase the target location and identification accuracy. Simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A Proposal of a Software Development Model Based on Industrial Engineering Concepts

The Software Engineering can be considered a new area. During its recent history, many techniques applied for managing and producing software have been taken from Industrial Engineering. It is known that issues related to achieve the deadline, cost and functionalities are being discussed and are still a challenge for software development. This paper aims to propose a software development process model based on concepts of Industrial Engineering. Besides, the paper discusses some standards and models from Software Engineering that helped in the development of the model proposed. The result of this work is the model itself, together with some future works proposed to continue the research.
Optical Activity of Metal Nanoclusters Deposited on Regular and Doped Oxide Supports from First-Principles Simulations

We report a computational study and analysis of the optical absorption processes of Ag20 and Au20 clusters deposited on the magnesium oxide (100) facet, both regular and including point defects. Ag20 and Au20 are taken as models of metal nanoparticles and their plasmonic response, MgO as a model of a simple oxide support. We consider oxide defects both on the oxygen anion framework (i.e., a neutral oxygen vacancy) and in the magnesium cation framework (i.e., replacing Mg++ with a transition metal: Cu++ or Co++). We relax the clusters’ geometries via Density-Functional Theory (DFT) and calculate the photo-absorption spectra via Time-Dependent DFT (TDDFT) simulations on the relaxed geometries. We find that the substrate/cluster interaction induces a broadening and a red-shift of the excited states of the clusters, phenomena that are enhanced by the presence of an oxygen vacancy and its localized excitations. The presence of a transition-metal dopant does not qualitatively affect the spectral profile. However, when it lies next to an oxygen vacancy for Ag20, it can strongly enhance the component of the cluster excitations perpendicular to the surface, thus favoring charge injection.
Inhibitory Effect of (-)-myrtenol alone and in combination with antifungal agents on Candida spp.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of (-)-myrtenol alone and combined with antifungal agents against Candida spp. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of (-)-myrtenol and fluconazole against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis strains was obtained using CLSI guidelines. Combination of (-)-myrtenol with antifungal drugs was determined by checkboard test. The (-) myrtenol showed MIC ranging from 256 to 512 µg/mL against both species assay. And the MFC was 512 µg/mL, demonstrated nature fungicidal (MFC/MIC < 4). In addition, combination of antifungal agents (amphotericin B and fluconazole) and (-) myrtenol showed synergistic and additive effects on strains assays. Based on these results, the present study demonstrates that (-) myrtenol showed strong fungicide activity against Candida spp. In addition, Combination of antifungal agents and (-) myrtenol reduces the effective concentrations of both the agents with synergistic to additive effects. Therefore, (-) myrtenol has potential to be developed into an antifungal agent.
Exploration of the Profile and Intention in Restricting Online Game in Teenagers with Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study

Background Gaming disorder is one of the mental disorders when someone does his spare time activity by playing the game and is addicted to playing online games. This condition is more common in adolescents and eventually could harm their health. Hence, the researchers interested to study the teenagers' profiles and intentions to identify their efforts and obstacles in restricting online games. Objective This study aimed to explore the profile and addiction scales of teenagers with online gaming disorder and to identify their intentions, plans, and obstacles in reducing their addictions. Method The study employed qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. The research included six online gamer participants. The researcher selected the participants by using a purposive sampling technique. They were game-addicted teenagers according to the scale of gaming addiction. The researchers collected the data with a guided interview and an observation list. They analyzed the data using phenomenology analysis. Results The scale of addiction data showed that all informants were in a high category of addiction. This scale of addiction was in line with their profiles of playing games at least five hours a day because they perceived playing games as an urgent activity to relieve stress or as entertainment. When they played online games, they held back hunger and skipped their meals, even though they were hungry and often held back urinating. Besides, being actively playing at night made them sleep in the daytime. In addition, the data showed that four of the informants stated that they had some intentions and plans to reduce or quit playing, but they did not have specific plans. They had not followed up on their readiness and had not known when to reduce or stop playing online games. Some obstacles cause them to have no intentions. Conclusion The profiles of the teenagers with gaming disorders showed a high category of addiction scale. They played online games as stress-relieving entertainment. When playing, they often held hunger, thirsty, urinating, and did not sleep at night. There were some teenagers with gaming disorders who had no intention of reducing or stopping the games. Meanwhile, some others were willing to reduce and quit the game, but they did not have any alternative activities and did not know when they will stop playing online games. Friends' invitation, the fun of playing games, problems of self-control/habits, the temptation of watching other gamers playing, boredom, and the new trend of the electronic game sport were the obstacles for the addictive teenagers to control their online gaming.
Mass customization: conflicting definitions

This paper focuses on the emergence of mass customization as a prominent 1990s keyword. The work of Pine and associates offers an instructive point of reference for this investigation of the differing treatments of mass customization by management scholars working in the fields of operations, marketing and strategy. The authors conclude that though mass customization and mass production approaches are not incompatible, just as mass marketing and mass customization can coexist, identification of unique characteristics of mass customization remains unresolved.
A Study on Real-time Tool Breakage Monitoring on CNC Lathe using Fusion Sensor

This study presents a new methodology for realtime tool breakage detection by sensor fusion concept of two hall sensor and an acoustic emission (AE) sensor. Spindle induction motor torque of CNC Lathe during machining is estimated by two hall sensor. Estimated motor torque instead of a tool dynamometer was used to measure the cutting torque and tool breakage detection. A burst of AE signal was used as a triggering signal to inspect the cutting torque. A significant drop of cutting torque was utilized to detect tool breakage. The algorithm was implemented on a NI DAQ (Data Acquisition) board for in-process tool breakage detection. The result of experiment showed an excellent monitoring capability of the proposed tool breakage detection system. This system is available tool breakage monitoring through internet also provides this system`s user with current cutting torque of induction motor.
Stage pre-warning based on leakage current characteristics before contamination flashover of porcelain and glass insulators

Contamination flashover is the ultimate result of the creeping discharge of polluted insulators. Since there are close ties between the contamination flashover and the leakage currents, it is critical to research the leakage current characteristics during the entire contamination discharge process. The leakage currents of porcelain and glass insulators are monitored and analysed through a number of laboratory tests in various polluted cases. The goal is to find the characteristics that are useful for the pre-warning of the contamination flashover. The emphasis of this paper is on the leakage current root-mean-square values and waveforms and power spectrum estimation of the leakage currents. Results of the experiments (repeated several times) show that the progress of the contamination discharge process can be classified into three stages, that is, security stage, forecast stage and danger stage. In addition, the boundaries of the three stages in both the time domain and the power spectrum domain are given based on the analysis of the test results of various insulators. That is very helpful for the stage pre-warning of the contamination flashover. Also, a new characteristic index, K, is introduced. It is the rate of rise of the maximum peak value of the power spectrum. It can provide a more comprehensive theoretical guidance for the contamination flashover stage pre-warning together with the leakage current and waveforms. The three-stage classification for the entire flashover process is also meaningful in order to perfect the prediction of the contamination flashover. Finally, other characteristics of the power spectrum estimation are also discussed based on the three-stage classification.
Design of monolithic integrated Bragg gratings in InGaAsP/InP materials as chirped pulse compressors

A uniform Bragg grating as dispersive device of InGaAsP/InP integrated chirped pulse compressors are studied. Results of numerical analysis for the propagation of chirped ultrafast pulses are presented. The compression factor and the length of the device have been designed looking for an optimum behaviour for a monolithic implementation in a 40 GHz mode-locked diode laser.
Superconducting quantum detectors

The discovery of high temperature superconductors (HTS) spawned many potential applications, including optical detectors. Realizing viable superconducting detectors requires achieving performance superior to competing and more mature semiconductor detector technologies, and quantum detector technologies in particular. We review why quantum detectors are inherently more sensitive than thermal or bolometric detectors. This sensitivity advantage suggests that for operation at cryogenic temperatures we should be developing only quantum superconducting detectors. Accordingly, we introduce and describe the structure and the operation of a superconducting quantum detector with a SQUID read-out circuit. The superconducting quantum detector, consisting of a superconducting loop, produces a photosignal in response to photoinduced changes in the condensate's kinetic inductance. The superconducting quantum detector is designed to operate only in the superconducting state and not in the resistive or transition states.
Automated surface micro flaw inspection for quality control of electronic chips

This research proposes a new approach that applies discrete cosine transform (DCT) based enhancement for the detection of micro flaws on electronic chips. A two-stage decomposition procedure is proposed to extract an odd-odd frequency matrix after a digital image has been transformed to DCT domain. The cumulative sum algorithm is then applied to detect the transition points of the gentle curves plotted from the odd-odd frequency matrix. After the transition points are determined, the proper radius of the cutting sector is computed and the high-pass filtering operation can be performed. The filtered image is then transformed back to the spatial domain. Thus, this study effectively attenuates the global random texture pattern and accentuates only micro flaws in the restored image. Finally, the restored image is segmented by an entropy method and some features of the detected flaws are extracted. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a high 96.24% probability of correctly discriminating micro flaws from normal regions and a low 0.15% probability of erroneously detecting normal regions as defects on random textured surfaces of electronic chips. Key words: Industrial engineering, surface micro flaw inspection, electronic chips, quality control, machine vision.
A Method for Calculating the Velocity of Corner-to-Corner Rear-End Collisions of Vehicles Based on Collision Deformation Analysis

To improve the efficiency of solving vehicle collision velocity and provide sufficient evidence for the identification of accident responsibility, we proposed a method combining the momentum equation and finite element simulation. We built a finite element simulation model of a vehicle where multiple collision simulation experiments were carried out, and studied the calculation method of collision deformation. After fitting and analyzing the simulated deformation data of an accident vehicle under different velocities through collision simulation experiments, a relationship model between collision velocity and deformation was established, and a method to solve the collision velocity was proposed by combing the existing two-dimensional collision momentum equation of the vehicle. For actual collision cases, the proposed velocity solution method and the simulation software were used for reconstruction analyses, respectively, and the results of the instantaneous contact velocity of vehicle collision were compared. It was found that the velocity calculation results obtained using the two methods above were in good agreement; the shape and depth of the simulated deformation were consistent with the actual deformation of the vehicle.