Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Early Maturing Sorghum and Cowpea Varieties Intercropping for Animal Nutritive Value and in vitro Digestibility in Fedis District, Eastern Ethiopia

The shortage of arable land and shortage of livestock feed specially quality feed resources are major constraints in East Hararghe Zone. Thus, a field study was conducted to evaluate an early maturing sorghum varieties and cowpea Lines intercropping for both food and feed production at Fedis Agricultural Research Center, eastern Ethiopia in 2018/19 cropping season. Two cowpea varieties (lines) (9333 and 9334) were intercropped with three varieties of early maturing sorghum (Teshale, Birhan and Melkam) and compared with sole cropping of all the varieties, which were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analyzed result showed the NDF content was significantly different (p < 0.05) among intercropped and sole sorghum the maximum NDF was recorded from sole sorghum Teshale (69.56%) and the minimum sorghum Birhan + cowpea (9333) (57.75%) and the Intercropping sorghum improved the CP of sorghum stover mean from sole (5.31%) to intercropped (6.03%). the. Cropping systems and cowpea lines were significantly affected (p < 0.05) the content of CP and NDF. The maximum CP obtained from cowpea (9334) + sorghum Teshale 29.19%), and the minimum CP obtained from sole cowpea (9333) (24.38%). Generally, the results of this study showed that intercropping of sorghum-cowpea were increased nutritional quality of cowpea and sorghum stover. Based on the results of this study, it concluded that intercropping sorghum with forage cowpea; preferably sorghum Melkam + cowpea (9333) to be appropriate to increase quality of sorghum stover in the study area.
Experimental Study of Underwater Wireless Optical Communication from Clean Water to Turbid Harbor under Various Conditions

In this paper, texts were experimentally transmitted by pulse width modulation (PWM) using an underwater wireless optical communication system (UWOC) in a channel containing water of varying salinity as a result of changes in the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). Mathematical equations are used using a MATLAB program to compare theoretical and practical results at different slop angle (θ0). (NaCl) concentration was changed from (0% w/v) to (90% w/v) to achieve different salinity of water (i.e., from clear water to turbid water). A diode laser with a power of 30 mW and a wavelength of 532 nm has been employed in the transmitter. The experimental results show that the extinction coefﬁcient or the overall attenuation C(λ) is equal to (0.083/m) in the water containing a low concentration of (NaCl) which is consistent with pure seawater. Additionally, the obtained optical power (PR) and the signal to noise ratio (S/N) decreases to (27.6) mW and (23.99) dB, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the water had a maximum total attenuation C(λ) equal to (2.565/m) in the water containing a high concentration of (NaCl) which was compatible with turbid harbour water, as well as the received power and (S/N) decreases to (2.306) mW and (13.2) dB, respectively. The theoretical results were similar to the practical results when the slope angle of the target or detector relative to the optical transmitter was (zero).
Variation Orders and Their Effects of Erbil Governorate Projects

Variation order plays an important role in calculating the final cost and time. The paper aims to determine the causes of variation orders in projects performed between 2007-2014 in Erbil governorate projects. Data was collected from contract documents. Performed in the Erbil governorate projects from 2007-2014. The study seeks to identify the most significant causes of delays by assessing the common causes of delays in terms of frequency, severity and important indices of owners, consultants and contractors related to the implementation of public construction projects in Erbil Governorate. The data acquired from the questionnaire given to the engineers involved in executing of these projects and 73 forms were returned. The results showed that the ranking of overall causes of variation order from highest to lowest was "Contractor's financial difficulties", " Change of plans or scope by owner", "The required labor skill are not available", "Differing site conditions", "Owner's financial problems", "Design change originated by owner", "Errors and omissions in design", " The required equipment and tools are not available", Inadequate working drawing details", and " Change in design by the engineer or consultant". The source of "Errors and omissions in design", "Inadequate working drawing details”, and Change in design by the engineer or consultant" is consultant.
Frequency response analysis of dielectric materials in a parallel-plate transmission line

A transmission line allows different frequencies to conduct alternating current (AC). They are a peculiar type of wire that allows signal transmission while making it resistant to external noises. A parallel-plate transmission line is a type of transmission line designed with two parallel plates with a dielectric sheet material in the center, as the name implies. The parallel-plate transmission lines are usually used for a miniature setup in which the line prevents the signal from losing power. However, the line's frequency response is a varying setup in which a change in a parameter can fully change the frequency response of the line, and in turn trigger inefficiency. With this, different factors such as the conductor, the size, and the dielectric material of the parallel-plate transmission line can affect its frequency response. Specifically, the analysis of the transmission would test the various frequency responses when the dielectric sheet content is varied. The researchers will carry out experiments on air, Teflon, plexiglass, and E type glass dielectrics.
Heterogeneous Catalysis for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Enhanced Rate Performance by Promoting Polysulfide Fragmentations

A spatial confiment of polysulfides using the metal compound additives having polar surfaces has been considered to be a promising approach to address the insufficient rate capability and cyclability of lithium–sulfur batteries. Herein, we report a more effective approach outperforming this conventional one: a heterogeneous catalysis to promote polysulfide fragmentations. It was revealed using combined computational and experimental approaches that an ultrastrong adsorption of elemental sulfur on TiN surfaces resulted in a spontaenous fragmentation into shorter chains of polysulfides. This heterogeneous catalysis reaction improved the sluggish kinetics of polysulfide reduction because of the chemical disproportionation at the second plateau. A markedly enhanced rate capability was finally obtained, exhibiting a discharge capacity of 700 mAh g–1 at a scan rate of 5C.
High-energy-density lithium-ion battery using a carbon-nanotube–Si composite anode and a compositionally graded Li[Ni0.85Co0.05Mn0.10]O2 cathode

A fully operational practical Li-rechargeable battery system delivering unprecedented high energy density with excellent cycle life was proposed using the state-of-the-art cathode and anode technologies. Based on the simple ball-milling process, a carbon nanotube (CNT)–Si composite anode with extremely stable long-term cycling, while providing a discharge capacity of 2364 mA h g−1 at a tap density of 1.103 g cm−3, was developed. For the cathode, a two-sloped full concentration gradient (TSFCG) Li[Ni0.85Co0. 05Mn0.10]O2 cathode, designed to obtain maximum possible discharge capacity by having a Ni-enriched core and to simultaneously ensure high chemical and thermal stability by having an outer Mn-enriched layer, yielded a discharge capacity of 221 mA h g−1. Integrating the CNT–Si composite and the TSFCG cathode in a full cell configuration, the full cell generated an energy density of 350 W h kg−1 with excellent capacity retention for 500 cycles at 1 C rate, satisfying the energy density limit imposed by the drive range requirement for EVs. The proposed battery system satisfied the demands for energy storage for vehicle applications in terms of energy density, power and cycle life.
Direct Laser Writing for the Formation of Large‐Scale Gold Microbumps Arrays Generating Hybrid Lattice Plasmon Polaritons in Vis–NIR Range

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) based light–matter interactions play a major role in photonic sensor applications. In order to implement such sensors in microchip devices or reduce the fabrication costs, a method with high flexibility and large‐scale capabilities must be developed. Here, the formation of large‐scale gold microbumps arrays by using a direct laser writing technique is presented. The fabricated arrays exhibit the hybrid lattice plasmon polaritons in the Vis–NIR range, in the same range as metallic gratings fabricated by lithography‐based techniques. The peak of hybrid lattice plasmon resonance depends on the period of the fabricated arrays, the thickness of the gold film, coupled light polarization, and sample orientation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical estimation. The demonstrated method shows relevant technological progress in the formation of large‐scale metallic gratings by using a cost‐effective laser‐based technique. It provides new opportunities for hybrid lattice plasmon polariton (HLPP)‐based applications in biotechnology, photonics, plasmonics, and so on.
A computational model of aesthetic value.

People invest precious time and resources on experiences such as watching movies or listening to music. Yet, we still have a poor understanding of how such sensed experiences gain aesthetic value. We propose a model of aesthetic value that integrates existing theories with literature on conventional primary and secondary rewards such as food and money. We assume that the states of observers' sensory and cognitive systems adapt to process stimuli effectively in both the present and the future. These system states collectively comprise a probabilistic generative model of stimuli in the environment. Two interlinked components generate value: immediate sensory reward and the change in expected future reward. An immediate sensory reward is taken as the fluency with which a stimulus is processed, quantified by the likelihood of that stimulus given an observer's state. The change in expected future reward is taken as the change in fluency with which likely future stimuli will be processed. It is quantified by the change in the divergence between the observer's system state and the distribution of stimuli that the observer expects to see over the long term. Simulations show that a simple version of the model can account for empirical data on the effects of exposure, complexity, and symmetry on aesthetic value judgments. Taken together, our model melds processing fluency theories (immediate reward) and learning theories (change in expected future reward). Its application offers insight as to how the interplay of immediate processing fluency and learning gives rise to aesthetic value judgments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Simulation Studies of Entropy-Driven Crystallization in Athermal Chain Packings in the Bulk and Under Confinement

We present results from extensive off-lattice simulations on packings of flexible linear chains of hard spheres in the bulk and under confinement. We employ a Monte Carlo scheme, built around advanced, chain-connectivity-altering moves, for the short- and long-range equilibration even for very long and definitely entangled systems, at very high concentrations near the maximally random jammed (MRJ) state and under extreme confinement1. Local environment and similarity to specific crystal structures are gauged through the crystallographic element norm (CCE) metric2 which is able to distinguish between different competing crystal structures. The established crystal morphologies range from random hexagonal close packed ones with a single or varied stacking direction(s) to pure face-centred cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystals. We explain how the total entropy of the system increases as the local environment of the crystal phase becomes more symmetric and spherical. This entropic effect leads to the observed transition from the initial amorphous to the final crystal phase3. By extending the simulations to trillions of steps crystal perfection is observed in accordance to the Ostwald´s rule of stages in crystal polymorphism. In general, bond tangency of successive monomers along the chain backbone or the corresponding gaps affect profoundly the ability of chains to crystallize4. Based on these findings, by using simple geometric arguments, we explain the role of rigid and flexible constraints in the packing behavior (crystal nucleation and growth) of general atomic and particulate systems. Ramos, P. M. ; Karayiannis, N. C. ; Laso, M. , J. Comput. Phys. 2018, 375, 918-934. Karayiannis, N. C. ; Foteinopoulou, K. ; Laso, M. , J. Chem. Phys. 2009, 130 (7). Karayiannis, N. C. ; Foteinopoulou, K. ; Laso, M. , Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 103 (4). Karayiannis, N. C. ; Foteinopoulou, K. ; Laso, M. , Soft Matter 2015, 11 (9), 1688-1700.
A Data Security Model for Improving the Privacy Cloud Computing

The category of services provided to clients, such as the storage of information systems, the network, and hardware, is cloud computing. Cloud storage can be accessed conveniently anywhere since the cloud operates remotely. The Cloud provider uses the computing service. Data in the cloud is not safe since private data can be accessed by an unauthorized user. Therefore, it uses a distinct encryption method to secure the data to provide data protection. This paper explores data protection in cloud computing. It is the analysis of data in the cloud & aspects of safety-relevant to it. In this research, we have used two data encryption and decryption techniques for a better result than the previous research work which had some limitations. This algorithm is faster and more robust than that of the RSA-BlowFish.
MiR-214 promotes carcinogenesis in triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting FRK expression

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to have a poor prognosis with limited treatment options. In-house data revealed that miR-214 was up-regulated in breast cancer tissue, but there have been conflicting results about the role of miR-214 in oncogenesis in breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-214 and its target in carcinogenesis.Methods We used three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468) and control breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A) to evaluate miR-214 expression and function. Target genes were predicted based on pre-formed miRNA databases. miR-214 was transfected into cell lines, and cell proliferation, invasion and migration assays, and RT-PCR analysis were performed. Results MiR-214 was significantly overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 line, which represents TNBC. Fyn-related kinase (FRK) was selected as a potential target of miR-214. Endogenous FRK levels were down-regulated in MDA-MB-231 cells. miR-214 transfected MDA-MB-231 cell line resulted in increased cell proliferation, and silencing FRK using si-FRK also induced cell proliferation in MDA-MB-231 cells. When MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with miR-214, cell invasion and migration were enhanced. Furthermore, si-FRK-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells showed increased cell invasion and migration compared to the control cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that miR-214 might play a role in tumor proliferation and invasion to promote breast cancer oncogenesis by suppressing FRK activity, leading to cancer progression.
Molecular characterisation and antibiotic sensitivity profile of Pasteurella multocida isolated from poultry farms in Malaysia

Fowl cholera has caused significant economic losses in many poultry producing countries worldwide. In Malaysia, outbreaks of fowl cholera are frequently reported and encountered in different types of poultry productions. The objective of this study was to characterise 13 avian Pasteurella multocida, isolated from fowl cholera outbreaks in Central Peninsular Malaysia in the period between 2000 and 2018. The isolates were subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for capsular serotyping, disc diffusion method for antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and molecular genotyping using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The capsular serotyping showed all 13 Pasteurella multocida isolates belonging to capsular serotype A. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed several multidrug resistance strains among the P. multocida isolates. All the isolates were resistant to erythromycin (100%), streptomycin (68%), tetracycline (37%), enrofloxacin (37%), florfenicol (23%), penicillin G (14%), gentamicin (14%), and amoxicillin (14%). The PFGE analysis clustered the isolates into three clones. Group A included isolates with a similarity of 87% from the year 2000, 2013, and 2018. Three sequence types were identified using MLST typing namely, ST129, ST231, and ST355. The ST355 was assigned for the first time in the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) database. Besides, ST129 has been reported in India, China, and Sri Lanka, which highlights the possibility of transmission between Asian countries. This study provides an insight into epidemiological information of Pasteurella multocida that causes fowl cholera outbreaks in the central region of Peninsular Malaysia.
Network complexity of rubber plantations is lower than tropical forests for soil bacteria but not fungi

Soil microbial communities play a crucial role in ecosystem functioning. Past research has examined the effects of forest conversion on soil microbial composition and diversity, but it remains unknown how networks within these communities respond to forest conversion such as when tropical rainforest are replaced with rubber plantations. In this study, we used Illumina sequencing and metagenome shotgun sequencing to analyze bacterial and fungal community network structure in a large number of soil samples from tropical rainforest and rubber plantation sites in Hainan Island, China. Our results showed only a few shared network edges were observed in both bacterial and fungal communities, which indicates that forest conversion altered soil microbial network structure. We found a greater degree of network structure and a larger number of network edges among bacterial networks in samples from tropical rainforest compared to samples from rubber plantations. The difference was especially pronounced during the rainy season and indicates that rainforest bacterial networks were more complex than rubber plantation bacterial networks. However, rubber plantations soil fungal networks showed more higher links and higher network degree, suggesting that forest conversion does not reduce fungal network complexity. We found that some groups of Acidobacteria were keystone taxa in our tropical rainforest soils, while Actinobacteria were keystone taxa in rubber plantation soils. In addition, seasonal change had a strong effect on network degree, the complexity of soil bacterial and fungal network structure. In conclusion, forest conversion changed soil pH and other soil properties, such as available potassium (AK) and total nitrogen (TN), which resulted in changes in bacterial and fungal composition and network structure.
An Efficient Parallel Algorithm for finding Bridges in a Dense Graph

This paper presents a simple and efficient approach for finding the bridges and failure points in a densely connected network mapped as a graph. The algorithm presented here is a parallel algorithm which works in a distributed environment. The main idea of our algorithm is to generate a sparse certificate for a graph and finds bridges using a simple DFS (Depth First Search). We first decompose the graph into independent and minimal subgraphs using a minimum spanning forest algorithm. To identify the bridges in the graph network, we convert these subgraphs into a single compressed graph and use a DFS approach to find bridges. The approach presented here is optimized for the use cases of dense graphs and gives the time complexity of O(E/M + Vlog(M)), for a given graph G(V,E) running on M machines.
A Study of Non-Uniform Charging by Charging Roller with DC Voltage

Model experiment and numerical simulation are carried out in order to make clear the generating mechanism of non-uniform charging by charging roller with DC voltage. From the experiments using metal roller and polyethylene terephthalete (PET) sheet, the periodic charging patterns can be recognized on the PET sheet by cascade development with toners after the sheet is charged. The period and the size of the patterns become large as the applied voltage increases. The shapes of the patterns are different between positive and negative charging. The characteristic of the patterns is similar to that of separating discharges on an electrified insulating sheet. The results show that the charging patterns are made as follows. (1) Abnormal discharge occurs between the charging roller and the PET sheet, and large amount of charge is deposited on the sheet. (2) The charge is forced to move due to surface discharge. On the other hand, two-dimensional electrostatic simulation of the charging roller is carried out with consideration of the surface discharge as well as the abnormal discharge. From the simulation, the periodic charging patterns can be generated on the PET sheet and may verify the new model of generating non-uniform charging patterns as proposed above.
Conversion of Marine Structures to Calcium Phosphate Materials: Mechanisms of Conversion Using Two Different Phosphate Solutions

Marine structure, coralline materials were converted to calcium phosphate using two different phosphate solutions. The aim was to study the conversion mechanisms under acidic and basic environment at moderate conditions of temperature. Crystal growth and morphology of converted corals were characterized by XRD and SEM respectively. The results suggested that under acidic conditions (H3PO4), dissolution and precipitation control and direct the crystal formation and morphology in which transition from plate like to rod like hydroxyapatite structure was favoured. Metastable phase such as monetite formed and transformed to HAp during reaction. During the first hour of the dissolution a monetite and hydroxyapatite mixture precipitates and then the full conversion to hydroxyapatite is observed. On the other hand, under basic conditions (NH4)2HPO4, just diffusional surface conversion of the calcium carbonate structure of coralline materials to hydroxyapatite and a very small amount of tri-calcium phosphate is observed. The mechanism can be classified as the solid-state topotactic ion-exchange reaction mechanism.
Composition, Nutritional Value, and Health Benefits of Pulses

The United Nations has declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses. Pulses are narrowly defined as leguminous crops that are harvested as dry seeds. Although some pulse crops are harvested green (e.g., green peas), these are classified as vegetables because the pods are often consumed along with the mature and sometimes immature seeds. Other dried legumes such as soybean and peanut meet the definition of being a leguminous crop that is harvested as dry seeds; however, these crops are grown primarily for oil content and, thus, are not categorized as pulses. There are hundreds of pulse varieties grown worldwide; these include, for example, dry edible beans, chickpeas, cowpeas, and lentils. This review will cover the proximate (e.g., protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals), and phytonutrient (e.g., polyphenolics and carotenoid) composition of dry edible beans, peas, lentils, and chickpeas. Soybean and peanuts will not be covered in this review. The effects of processing on composition will also.