Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of oligotrophication and climate variability on a copepod community : The roles of seasonality, life cycle strategy, and stage-structured interactions

The long-term dynamics of the calanoid copepod Eudiaptomus gracilis were analyzed in Lake Constance, a deep lake that has been influenced strongly by changes in trophic status and climate variability during the last few decades. Although copepod abundances remained rather stable throughout the study period (1970-1995), the seasonal pattern changed strongly, including a seasonal shift in the timing of peak abundance from spring to late summer with increasing oligotrophication. This shift in seasonality resulted from seasonally opposing long-term trends in abundances (a reduction in abundances in spring and an increase in summer) possibly due to seasonally opposing long-term trends in naupliar mortality (an increase in late winter mortality and a decrease in early summer mortality). The changes in seasonality were most pronounced within the early copepodid stages, whereas the long duration of the adult stage seemed to buffer the adult dynamics against seasonal environmental I Single species response variability. The effects of climate variability on population dynamics were more subtle and consisted of faster development in spring in years with faster vernal warming. Furthermore, the accelerated development in spring resulted in earlier occurrence of the population minimum in summer, and subsequently in an earlier abundance increase in late summer/autumn. Hence, abundances in summer/autumn were still related to spring climate variability, which shows that spring environmental variability can be transferred further into the season by the cohort dynamics of continuously reproducing populations.
Nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) widespread RNA decay phenotype varies among Coronaviruses

Extensive remodeling of the host gene expression environment by coronaviruses nsp1 proteins is a well-documented and conserved piece of the coronavirus-host takeover battle. However, whether and how the underlying mechanism of regulation or the transcriptional target landscape differ amongst coronaviruses remains mostly uncharacterized. In this study we use comparative transcriptomics to investigate the diversity of transcriptional targets between four different coronavirus nsp1 proteins (from MERS, SARS1, SARS2 and 229E). In parallel, we performed Affinity Purification followed by Mass-Spectrometry to identify common and divergent interactors between these different nsp1. For all four nsp1 tested, we detected widespread RNA destabilization, confirming that both α- and β-Coronavirus nsp1 broadly affect the host transcriptome. Surprisingly, we observed that even closely related nsp1 showed little similarities in the clustering of genes targeted. Additionally, we show that the RNA targeted by nsp1 from the α-CoV 229E partially overlapped with MERS nsp1 targets. Given MERS nsp1 preferential targeting of nuclear transcripts, these results may indicate that these nsp1 proteins share a similar targeting mechanism. Finally, we show that the interactome of these nsp1 proteins differ widely. Intriguingly, our data indicate that the 229E nsp1, which is the smallest of the nsp1 proteins tested here, interacts with the most host proteins, while MERS nsp1 only engaged with a few host proteins. Collectively, our work highlights that while nsp1 is a rather well-conserved protein with conserved functions across different coronaviruses, its precise effects on the host cell is virus specific. Significance Coronaviruses extensively co-opt their host gene expression machinery in order to quicky benefit from the host resources. The viral protein nsp1 plays a major role in this takeover as nsp1 is known to induce a widespread shutdown of the host gene expression, both at the RNA and the translational level. Previous work characterized the molecular basis for nsp1-mediated host shutdown. However, this was mostly conducted in the context of β-coronaviruses and in particular SARS-CoV1, CoV2 and MERS due to the important public health burden that these viruses represent. Here instead, we explored the impact of nsp1 on the host using a comparative approach, defining the influence of 4 nsp1 protein from α- and β-coronaviruses. We delineated the impact of these 4 nsp1 on the host transcriptome and mapped their interactome. We revealed that host target range and interactomes vary widely among different nsp1, suggesting a viral-specific targeting. Understanding how these differences shape infection will be important to better inform antiviral drug development.
ESTUDO DE ALGUNS ÍNDICES REPRODUTIVOS EM VACARIA DE BOVINOS LEITEIROS

iii Extended Abstract iv Lista de Quadros vii Lista de Figuras viii Lista de abreviaturas ix 1.Introducao 1 2. Revisao Bibliografica 2 2.1. Raca Frisia 2 2.2. Contraste Leiteiro 4 2.3. Classificacao Morfologica 6 2.4 Eficiencia Reprodutiva em Exploracoes Leiteiras 8 2.5. Caracteres Produtivos e Reprodutivos 11 2.5. 1. Fertilidade e Indicadores de eficiencia reprodutiva 11 2.5. 2. Idade da vaca ao primeiro parto 13 2.5. 3 Ano e epoca de parto 14 2.5. 4 Deteccao de cios 16 2.5. 4.1. O ciclo estrico 16 2.5. 4.2. Sinais de cio 16 2.5. 4.3. Factores que afectam o comportamento e deteccao do cio 17 2.5. 5. Momento de Inseminacao 19 2.5. 6. Momento de inseminacao pos-parto 21 2.5. 7. Stress termico 22 2.5. 8. Nutricao 24 2.6. Genetica 26 2.6. 1. Parâmetros geneticos para os caracteres reprodutivos 26 2.6. 2. Correlacoes geneticas, fenotipicas e ambientais 28 2.6. 3. Metodos de Analise 29
Effect of andrographis paniculata extract on mammary carcinoma in rats induced by DMBA

It has been well documented that chemical carcinogen, DMBA (7.12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene), plays a role in the incidence and growth of mammary cancer. The present study was designed to investigate histochemical alteration of epithelial cells in mammary gland influenced by DMBA in the female Sprague-Dawley rat. DMBA-inducing mammary cancer is a useful model to investigate the changes of epithelial cells that occur during mammary cancer progression. Mammary cancer model was induced 10 times twice a week orally by DMBA, with 20 mg/kg body mass. Mammary cancer occurred in 90% for nine weeks after oral administration of DMBA, and it was represented with nodule on the mammary gland and the increasing of mammary gland volume compared with normal control (F = 100.592; p 0.05). This data indicated that the extract of Andrographis paniculata had no significant effect on the treatment of DMBA-inducing mammary carcinoma. The Epithelial cells then were harvested on the 90th day and stained on routine histology staining and hematoxylineosin for morphological qualitative analysis. After that, the lesions were observed from the removed samples ranged widely from benign to malignant. The results then showed that DMBA induced cell proliferation, nuclear irregularities, numerous mitoses, and cell necrosis. Furthermore, the preventive treatment of Andrographis paniculata inhibited the progression of cell proliferation, while the curative treatment of Andrographis paniculata induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Finally, we hope that the further studies will provide some clues towards early detection and, hopefully, the prevention and the treatment of breast cancer.
Uncovering circuit mechanisms of current sinks and sources with biophysical simulations of primary visual cortex

Local field potential (LFP) recordings reflect the dynamics of the current source density (CSD) in brain tissue. The synaptic, cellular and circuit contributions to current sinks and sources are ill-understood. We investigated these in mouse primary visual cortex using public Neuropixels recordings and a detailed circuit model based on simulating the Hodgkin-Huxley dynamics of numerous cortical neurons belonging to 17 cell types. The model simultaneously captured spiking and CSD responses and demonstrated a two-way dissociation: Firing rates are altered with minor effects on the CSD pattern by adjusting synaptic weights, and CSD is altered with minor effects on firing rates by adjusting synaptic placement on the dendrites. We describe how thalamocortical inputs and recurrent connections sculpt specific sinks and sources early in the visual response, whereas cortical feedback crucially alters them in later stages. Our findings show that CSD analysis provides powerful constraints for modeling beyond those from considering spikes.
Estimating the prevalence of Positive Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions in General Population and High-risk Groups : A Meta-analysis Review Article

In 2016, tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the most important fatal infectious diseases in the world. [1,2] In the recent years, due to population changes, inappropriate health coverage, immunodeficiencies, unsuccessful control of the disease, HIV/AIDS epidemic, income imbalances, spread of the poverty, and psychological problems in Asian and African countries, TB has been taken into consideration. [3‐6]
Submitted to Journal of Small Business Management Market orientation and performance measurement system adoption impact on performance in SMEs

Previous research has shown a connection between market orientation (MO) and firm performance, as well as between performance measurement systems (PMS) adoption, but their mutual interactions are as yet little understood in SMEs. Using empirical data collected by a survey from 123 Finnish SMEs we analyze the relationship between MO, PMS adoption and performance. According to the results, MO has positive relationships with PMS adoption and non-financial performance. However, the impact of MO on financial performance is mediated by PMS adoption. PMS adoption is thus an important factor in explaining variance in firm performance. Finally, empirical analysis shows that the larger SME firms adopt PMS more extensively.
JPPE 23권4호_3차편집(0825).hwp

Background and objective: This study was conducted to examine changes in the composition and physiological activity of Gardenia Fructus after being roasted. Methods: The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of Gardenia Fructus was evaluated using the Gardenia Fructus (GF) and roasted Gardenia Fructus (RGF) ethanol extracts, and their components were analyzed through HPLC. Results: As a result, it was confirmed that the content of gardenoside and geniposide decreased and the content of genipin increased when GF was roasted. The total content of polyphenols was 54.5 ± 2.18 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of the GF extract and 69.6 ± 0.36 mg GAE per gram of the RGF extract. As a result of evaluating 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, both the GF and RGF extracts showed the similar activity to ascorbic acid at the concentrations of 1 mg/mL or higher. In RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the RGF extract showed a higher effect of reducing NO production, and significantly reduced the expression of an inflammatory cytokine, IL-6. As a result of evaluating the antimicrobial activity, the RGF extract showed higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In the dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) induced inflammatory bowel disease mouse model, the RGF extract reduced the weight of the spleen, and both the GF and RGF extracts reduced the number of bacteria in the colon. Conclusion: Therefore, it has been confirmed through this study that roasting at a high temperature changes the main components of the GF extract and increases its biological activity. The RGF extract is expected to be used as a natural material with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects.
Mycotools: An Automated and Scalable Platform for Comparative Genomics

Comparative genomics comprises analyses that investigate the genetic basis of organismal biology and ecology, which have also been applied to high throughput trait screening for applied purposes. The number of fungal genomes deposited in publicly available databases are currently in exponential growth. Due to the limited cutting-edge software availability and size or efficiency constraints of web-based analyses, comparative genomics research is often conducted on local computing environments. There is thus a need for an efficient standardized framework for locally assimilating, curating, and interfacing with genomic data. We present Mycotools as a comparative genomics database software suite that automatically curates, updates, and standardizes local comparative genomics. Mycotools incorporates novel analysis pipelines that are built on a suite of modules that streamline routine-to-complex comparative genomic tasks. The Mycotools software suite serves as a foundation for accessible and reproducible large-scale comparative genomics on local compute systems.
Pose Invariant Face Recognition Using Markoy Random Fields

How to manage position differences between the probing and gallery face photos is one of the important issues facing current face recognition algorithms. In this study, I demonstrate how to use Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and a productive variation of the belief propagation technique to rebuild virtual frontal view from a given facial picture. Suggested technique divides the input face picture in an arrangement of overlapped patches, which are then combined at the frontal view using an estimate of a worldwide optimum set of local warps. The alignment of every patch with pictures from a training library of frontal faces yields a list of potential warps for that patch. Then, using an MRF, the issue of locating ideal warps is developed as a discrete labelling problem. Any face recognition method may then be used to the rebuilt frontal face picture. Our technique has two key benefits: it requires manually choosing which face landmarks to estimate. I also describe an approach for detecting whether or not a particular face image is at a frontal or non-frontal position, which will help our pose normalisation method perform better on face images. Experimental findings on several datasets are provided to show how well the suggested approach works when implemented in MATLAB.
Fatty acid-mediated signaling as a target for developing type 1 diabetes therapies

ABSTRACT Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic signaling drive the death of the insulin-producing β cells. This complex signaling is regulated in part by fatty acids and their bioproducts, making them excellent therapeutic targets. Areas covered We provide an overview of the fatty acid actions on β cells by discussing how they can cause lipotoxicity or regulate inflammatory response during insulitis. We also discuss how diet can affect the availability of fatty acids and disease development. Finally, we discuss development avenues that need further exploration. Expert opinion Fatty acids, such as hydroxyl fatty acids, ω-3 fatty acids, and their downstream products, are druggable candidates that promote protective signaling. Inhibitors and antagonists of enzymes and receptors of arachidonic acid and free fatty acids, along with their derived metabolites, which cause pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic responses, have the potential to be developed as therapeutic targets also. Further, because diet is the main source of fatty acid intake in humans, balancing protective and pro-inflammatory/cytotoxic fatty acid levels through dietary therapy may have beneficial effects, delaying T1D progression. Therefore, therapeutic interventions targeting fatty acid signaling hold potential as avenues to treat T1D. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Estimation of food limitation in Daphnia Pulex from Boulder Basin, Lake Mead

In February, 1982 I began a year-long study to determine if growth and reproduction in Daphnia PUI ex were limited by . the amount of food available in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. To determine this, I made monthly collections of Daphnia pulex and natural lake seston from an already established station in Boulder Basin. I cultured the Daphnia pulex under simulated field conditions in a flow-through feeding apparatus using four different food regimes; 1-natural lake seston filtered through 80 urn mesh to remove other zooplankton, 2-lake seston (as above) with an enrichment of 103 cells-ml"1 of Chlamvdomonas reinhardtl. 3-lake seston (as above) with an enrichment of 105 cells'ml"1 of Ch1amvdomonas relnhardti. 4-0.45 um (HA Millipore) filtered lake water with 105 cells-mi"1 of Chlamvdomonas reinhardti. The last two food regimes contain amounts of algae in excess of the incipient limiting concentration and therefore, growth and reproduction should not be limited by lack of food. For each of the 8 months that I was able to run successful experiments, I found that animals fed only lake seston grew more slowly and reproduced less than the animals fed enriched food regimes. There were some months (February, May 1982 and January 1983) when the amount of vi i extra food in the lowest enrichment (103 cells-mi"1 of Chlamvdomonas reinhardti) was not enough to improve growth or reproduction significantly. These were the months when phytoplankton was most abundant in Boulder Basin and 103 cells-mi"1 provided relatively less enrichment than in other months. The months for which data could not be obtained (July-October) coincide with the lowest abundance of Daphnia pulex in Boulder Basin. The low levels of Daphnia pulex and moderate levels of chlorophy11-a present in Boulder Basin, indicate that the animals may have been already food limited during those months. From this, I concluded that during the entire year, Daphnia pulex is food limited in Boulder Basin, Lake Mead. Comparison of this study with other.studies confirms that food limitation of Daphnia pulex is primarily due to low phytoplankton abundance Cas indicated by low concentrations of chlorophyl1-a) although the food quality of the seston may also contribute to the food limitation.
Convergence of Visual and Motor Awareness in Human Parietal Cortex

Brain lesions sometimes induce a failure of recognition of one's own deficits (anosognosia). Lack of deficit awareness may underlie damage of modality‐specific systems, for example, visual cortex for visual anosognosia or motor/premotor cortex for motor anosognosia. However, focal lesions induce widespread remote structural and functional disconnection, and anosognosia, independent of modality, may also involve common neural mechanisms.
Growth and Wood Traits of Plantation Grown Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis and A. crassicarpa from Thane, Maharashtra

Acacia auriculiformis is one of the Australian Acacia species introduced in India for afforesting degraded lands, meeting fuelwood needs and as avenue trees. This species has been raised in the Western Ghats areas of Maharashtra and found to be very successful. Efforts were made to introduce A. mangium and A. crassicarpa by procuring seeds from Australia and Thailand. Growth performance and wood characteristics were studied in A. mangium, A. auriculiformis and A. crassicarpa planted in Thane District of Maharashtra. A. mangium had better growth than A. auriculiformis and A. crassicarpa. A. auriculiformis had higher wood density and phyllode index than the other species and A. Crassicarpa had long fibres and vessel elements. Since A. Mangium is being increasingly planted in tropical countries, multi-locational trials need to be raised in high rainfall areas in India to select the best performing seedlots.
Three ways of organising general practitioner’s medical services in sheltered housing. A qualitative study

Abstract Objective Explore care providers’ experiences with the organisation of the medical services for residents in round-the-clock staffed sheltered housing. Design Qualitative study and thematic analysis of individual interviews after strategic sampling of participants. Setting Round-the-clock staffed sheltered housing in seven municipalities, inhabited by various user groups, and GPs in various locations in Norway. Subjects In-depth interviews with 18 participants: 11 managers or employees in sheltered housing and seven GPs. Main outcome measures Main themes and subthemes reporting participants’ experiences of medical provision to sheltered housing residents. Results Three main models of organizing medical services for round-the-clock staffed sheltered housing were identified: (i) the ‘multiple GP’ model, where each resident has their own individual GP; (ii) the ‘single GP’ model, where all residents in the sheltered housing have one common GP; (iii) the ‘hybrid’ model, where a few dedicated GPs follow up the residents. Conclusion Residents in round-the-clock staffed sheltered housing constitute a varied group that generally has substantial medical assistance needs. Given that many residents lack autonomy to manage their own care needs and make decisions, models with fewer GPs like models ii and iii seem to provide a better medical professional offer. Moving towards such an organising of the medical services for sheltered housing residents could have implications for GPs’ workload and competence needs. Future studies are needed to test models and assess implications. KEY POINTS Residents in round-the-clock staffed sheltered housing are considered ‘home residents’ and consist of various user groups with extensive and often complex medical care needs. The GP scheme is the most important medical service for home residents. There is an emerging mismatch between the need for help of residents in sheltered housing and the GP scheme, and municipalities seek to remedy this by developing their own ad hoc solutions. There is a need for a more systematic approach to deal with the medical needs of residents in round-the-clock staffed care homes.
Evaluation of postoperative pain using warm versus room temperature sodium hypochlorite as an irrigant in mandibular molars with irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled trial

Introduction: The study evaluates and compare the effect of 3% warm NaOCl with NaOCl at room temperature in root canal irrigation on postoperative pain. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in healthy 18-year-old patients and above were included. The sample consisted of 56 patients evaluating the postoperative pain, allocated randomly into 2 groups of 3% NaOCl at two different temperatures, i.e. at room temperature and at 60°C. Endodontic treatment was initiated for each group and instrumentation was done using MTwo rotary files. The final irrigation was performed according to the groups assigned. For each included tooth, preoperative and postoperative pain scores at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h were collected through the Heft Parker Visual Analog Scale. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, and Friedman test followed by Wilcoxon test. Results: The mean percentage reduction in pain scores was significantly higher among the warm NaOCl group as compared to the control group at different time intervals (P < 0.001). The mean number of analgesics taken was significantly lower among the warm NaOCl group as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The warm NaOCl group recorded less postoperative pain than the control group during the first 72 h following single-visit endodontic therapy.