Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Centennial of Mine Explosion Prevention Research

A mere 100 years ago the mining industry, scientific investigators, and a concerned public struggled with the notion that coal dust could lead to mine explosions. A succession of disasters in 1907 left the U.S. mining industry desperately seeking answers. The pioneering work of Taffanel in France and Rice in the U.S. convinced the mining industry of the dangers of coal dust. By 1911, the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) was conducting full-scale studies of mine explosions at the experimental mine at Bruceton, Pennsylvania. While this work has dramatically improved mine safety since the early days, methane and coal dust remains a threat for miners even now. This paper provides a brief historical overview of full-scale mine explosion research conducted primarily at the USBM, now the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The paper will evaluate the factors common to explosion disasters over the last century and identify some of the new safety challenges created by modern mining methods. This report reviews the Federal Mine Health and Safety Acts that have been passed over the last century and discusses how explosion research and enforcement of safety regulations have led to a significant reduction in the number of fatalities and disasters. PROVING TO THE WORLD THAT COAL DUST IS EXPLOSIVE (1900-1930) “The coal dust question in this country cannot be said to have awakened widespread interest in mining men until the terrible disasters of December 1907.While it is probable that for several years the leading mining men in the country have believed in the explosibility of coal dust without the presence of firedamp, yet until the public demonstrations were given at the testing station in Pittsburg [sic] during 1908-09.a large proportion disbelieved. These tests were so convincing.that it is exceptional to find a mining man who does not accept the explosibility of coal dust. ” George Samuel Rice, 1910 Coal had become a chief source of energy in the second half of the 1800s as underground coal mining emerged as an important industry in England and the rest of Europe. The explosion dangers of firedamp (methane), hydrogen, and other combustible gases were quickly recognized by the scientific and industrial community. It was strongly and widely believed that when a mine explosion occurred, a flammable atmosphere of firedamp must be present. Unfortunately in the early years of coal mining, few scholars considered the possibility and hazard of a dust explosion, an oversight that led to the loss of hundreds of lives. Perhaps the first major impetus to conduct more thorough investigations into the cause and prevention of mine explosions came from the 1906 Courrières mine disaster in France. This horrific mining disaster killed 1,099 men and brought the issue of coal dust explosibility to the forefront of public attention. Soon after the Courrières disaster, many countries began extensive experimental investigations of coal dust explosions. In 1907, Taffanel began his seminal experiments in a small surface gallery at Liévin, France and within a year had reproduced and expanded the
Demand analysis of general practice patients for teaching clinic based on Kano model

Background General practice teaching clinics play a crucial role in the training of general practitioners, as they are more likely to enhance reception skills compared to traditional training methods. The quality of teaching clinics is largely determined by the level of patient acceptance. In recent years, the Kano model has become increasingly popular in the healthcare industry and has been used to enhance patient satisfaction. The objective of this study is to apply the Kano model to investigate the needs of patients in general practice teaching clinics and to rank the significance of each demand. This study will serve as a reference for enhancing the service quality of teaching clinics and advancing the field of general practice. Methods A total of 101 patients of general practice at the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University in Jiangsu province were selected using a random convenience sampling method to participate in a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was designed by members of our team and was based on the Kano model. The study defined the service demand, assessed the impact of both satisfaction and dissatisfaction and created a matrix bubble diagram. Results The study findings revealed that out of the 14 items of the general practice teaching clinic service demands, 1 item was categorized as a must-be requirement, 4 items were categorized as one-dimensional requirements, 2 items were categorized as an attractive requirement, 2 items were categorized as an indifferent requirement, and 5 items were categorized as mixed attributes. The findings of the matrix analysis showed that 4 items were situated in the area of one-dimensional attributes quadrant, 3 items were situated in the area of attractive attributes quadrant, 5 items were situated in the area of indifferent attributes quadrant, and 2 items were situated in the area of must-be attributes quadrant. Conclusion The patients of general practice have positive attitudes toward teaching clinics. The findings can offer valuable insights for enhancing the quality of service and patient experience in general practice teaching clinics as well as for advancing the field of general practice.
Development of deep learning architecture for automatic classification of outdoor mobile LiDAR data

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for automatic classification of mobile laser scanning (MLS) data obtained for outdoor environment, which are characterized by noise, clutter, large size and larger quantum of information. The developed architecture introduces a look up table (LUT) based approach, which retains the geometry of the input MLS point cloud while rescaling. Further, with the voxelisation of the input MLS sample, the ambiguity of selecting one out of multiple point values within a voxel is resolved. The performance of the architecture is evaluated on MLS data of outdoor environment in two instances, first using tree and non-tree classes (non-tree class has objects like electric pole, wire, low vegetation, wall, house and ground) and then with tree and electric pole classes. Additional testing is carried out by mixing the outdoor MLS data of tree and electric pole classes with three classes of indoor objects, taken from Modelnet dataset, thereby assessing the architecture efficacy over an ensemble of three-dimensional (3D) datasets. Classification of tree and non-tree classes, followed by tree and electric pole classes from MLS samples result in total accuracies of 86.0%, 90.0% respectively and kappa values of 72.0%, 78.7% respectively. Moreover, for the combinations of MLS and Modelnet classes, the classification results are promising, reaching a total accuracy of 95.2% and kappa of 92.5%. The LUT based approach has shown better classification over the traditional rescaling approach for the MLS dataset, resulting in an enhancement up to 9.0% and 18.0% in total accuracy and kappa, respectively. With different varieties of tree, non-tree and electric pole samples, the proposed architecture has shown its potential for automatic classification of MLS data with high accuracy. This study further reveals that the accuracy of classification is improved by introducing more spatial features in the input layer. The accuracies produced in this work can be further improved with the availability of better hardware resources.
A volumetric water budget of Devils Lake (USA): non-stationary precipitation–runoff relationships in an amplifier terminal lake

ABSTRACT Devils Lake, a terminal lake in eastern North Dakota, rose more than 9 m between 1992 and 2013, producing a 286% increase in lake area, and causing more than US$1 billion in direct damages. An annual volumetric lake water budget is developed from monthly hydroclimatological variables for the period 1951–2010 to investigate the rapid lake expansion. The lake is an amplifier terminal lake in which long-term climatic changes are amplified by positive feedback mechanisms, causing the lake to transition from a precipitation-dominated to a runoff-dominated water budget. Factors specific to the Devils Lake Basin further amplify this positive feedback relationship. These include principles of fill–spill hydrology that operate between individual sub-basins within the closed basin, and between the innumerable wetland complexes within each sub-basin. These factors create a pronounced non-stationary precipitation–runoff relationship in the basin during both long-term wetting and drying phases.
Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of single agent and double agent chemotherapy regimens in first-line treatment of elderly patients with her-2 negative metastatic gastric cancer

Aims: Chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in treating metastatic gastric cancer (GC), yet the management of elderly patients, who often face distinct challenges, lacks comprehensive guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effects of single-agent and double-agent chemotherapy regimens in first-line treatment of elderly patients with HER-2 negative metastatic GC. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated HER-2 negative metastatic GC patients aged 80 years and older who were treated at Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty Dursun Odabaşı Medical Center Oncology Clinic between 2010 and 2023. Demographic characteristics, treatment regimens and responses, prognostic factors, grade 3-4 toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results: The mean age of 56 patients was 82.6 ± 2.3 years and 24 (42.9%) of them were women. Single-agent chemotherapy was administered to 33 (58.9%) patients, while 23 (41.1%) received double-agent chemotherapy. The median OS was 5 months (95% CI, 2.9 to 7.1) in the single-agent group and 10 months (95% CI, 4.2 to 15.8) in the double-agent group (p = 0.237), although there was a numerical difference, it was not statistically significant. Median PFS was longer with double-agent chemotherapy, but not statistically significant (6 months vs. 4 months, p = 0.668). No statistically significant difference was found in the side effect rates of patients receiving single and double-agent chemotherapy. Conclusion: In our study, despite the absence of statistical significance in the survival rates among patients receiving double chemotherapeutic agents, their survival was twice as long as that of individuals receiving a single agent. Furthermore, no significant differences in terms of side effects were observed. These findings suggest that, even in individuals aged 80 years and older, a preference for double-agent chemotherapy should be considered when feasible.
Using protein geometry to optimize cytotoxicity and the cytokine window of a ROR1 specific T cell engager

T cell engaging bispecific antibodies have shown clinical proof of concept for hematologic malignancies. Still, cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity, and on-target-off-tumor toxicity, especially in the solid tumor setting, represent major obstacles. Second generation TCEs have been described that decouple cytotoxicity from cytokine release by reducing the apparent binding affinity for CD3 and/or the TAA but the results of such engineering have generally led only to reduced maximum induction of cytokine release and often at the expense of maximum cytotoxicity. Using ROR1 as our model TAA and highly modular camelid nanobodies, we describe the engineering of a next generation decoupled TCE that incorporates a “cytokine window” defined as a dose range in which maximal killing is reached but cytokine release may be modulated from very low for safety to nearly that induced by first generation TCEs. This latter attribute supports pro-inflammatory anti-tumor activity including bystander killing and can potentially be used by clinicians to safely titrate patient dose to that which mediates maximum efficacy that is postulated as greater than that possible using standard second generation approaches. We used a combined method of optimizing TCE mediated synaptic distance and apparent affinity tuning of the TAA binding arms to generate a relatively long but persistent synapse that supports a wide cytokine window, potent killing and a reduced propensity towards immune exhaustion. Importantly, this next generation TCE induced significant tumor growth inhibition in vivo but unlike a first-generation non-decoupled benchmark TCE that induced lethal CRS, no signs of adverse events were observed.
Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics and Screening High Light-Efficiency Germplasm in Sugarcane

Sugarcane is a globally significant crop for sugar and energy production, and developing high light-efficiency sugarcane varieties is crucial for enhancing yield and quality. However, limited research is available on the screening of sugarcane germplasm with high photosynthetic efficiency, especially with different leaf positions. The present study, conducted in Guangxi, China, aimed to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of 258 sugarcane varieties at different leaf positions over three consecutive years in field experiments. The results showed significant differences in photosynthetic characteristics among genotypes, years, and leaf positions. Heritability estimates for various photosynthetic parameters ranged from 0.76 to 0.88. Principal component analysis revealed that the first three principal components accounted for over 99% of the cumulative variance. The first component represented photosynthetic efficiency and light utilization, the second focused on electron transfer and reaction center status, and the third was associated with chlorophyll content. Cluster and discriminant analysis classified sugarcane genotypes into three categories: high photosynthetic efficiency (HPE) with 86 genotypes, medium photosynthetic efficiency (MPE) with 60 genotypes, and low photosynthetic efficiency (LPE) with 112 genotypes. Multi-year trials confirmed that HPE sugarcane genotypes had higher single-stem weight and sucrose content. This study provides valuable insights into the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of different sugarcane varieties, which can contribute to further research regarding high yields and sugar breeding.
Paragenesis, fluid origin, and thermal history of a low-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver system

Paragenesis, Fluid Origin, and Thermal History of a Low-Sulfîdation Epithermal Au-Ag System by Joel Rotert Dr. Jean S. CHne, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor o f Geology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Samples of banded veins, microcrystalline quartz veins, and hydrothermal breccias +/Au in the southern Castle Mountains, California were collected from four different zones within and up to 5 km outside the mine area in order to construct a paragenesis, interpret fluid origin, describe the thermal history, and examine fluid inclusion gas compositions as an exploration tool for low-sulfidation deposits. Twothirds of the gold from the Lesley Ann deposit is associated with pyrite, found in zones of intense silicification, and precipitated due to sulfidation of rhyolitic host rock during the earliest stages of hydrothermal activity. The remaining gold occurs freely in breccia matrix quartz and was deposited after silicification as a result of cooling and boiling of 200 to 240 °C fluids with 0 to 0.2 wt % NaCl equivalent. Late banded quartz and drusy quartz precipitated in aU areas from 150 to 185 °C waters with 0 to 1.1 eq wt % NaCl equivalent. Chalcedony bands adjacent to quartz in barren banded veins north of the
Identifying mineral prospectivity using 3D magnetotelluric, potential field and geological data in the east Kimberley, Australia

Abstract An integrated interpretation of the east Kimberley, northern Western Australia was completed to determine mineral prospectivity, and was centred on a portion of a magnetotelluric (MT) survey conducted across the entire Kimberley Craton and surrounding orogens. A structural geophysical interpretation used potential field data, and was constrained by geological field observations, petrophysics, remote sensing and understanding of the tectonic history of the region. Potential field forward modelling located along the same survey traverse as the MT data allowed comparison between the two datasets and their interpretations revealing interesting features suggesting the presence of large-scale structures, the presence of mineralization deep in the crust, and where mineralization may be at or near the surface. The King River Fault is shown from both the MT inversion and potential field modelling as a crustal-scale, west-dipping structure, the footwall of which bounds the western side of a large resistive body. A conductive anomaly is also located on the hanging wall of the King River Fault. Our assessment suggests that graphitic rocks, most likely with some sulphide content, contribute to the strength of this anomaly, and highlights the potential of the east Kimberley to host graphite and base metal deposits.
MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE TAILINGS POND FROM STRAJA VALLEY (SUCEAVA COUNTY, ROMANIA). FACTORS AFFECTING THE MOBILITY OF THE ELEMENTS ON THE SURFACE OF THE WASTE DEPOSIT

The present study focuses on the physical, mineralogical and geochemical characterization of the tailings pond from Straja Valley, resulted from the now abandoned ore-processing plant of Tarnita (Ostra). In terms of granulometry, around 70% of waste material consists of fine and very fine particles. The sulfides of the waste are pyrite, subordonate sphalerite and very rare galena. The silicates consist mainly of quartz and sericite, subordinate chlorite, feldspars; accidentally, also barite was identified within the waste. The salt crusts occur on some areas of the surface of the tailings pond. They consist mainly of mineral species of the alunite-jarosite solid solution series (i.e., jarosite, hydronium jarosite, plumbojarosite and alunite). However, small amounts of gypsum (detected significant only in white crust) and copiapite were also identified, as well as clay minerals (i.e., kaolinite and illite), formed through the weathering of silicates. All samples from the beach and dam of the tailings pond display a high acidity (pH mean of 2.81) and relative high amounts of water soluble fraction (mean of 9.71 wt%). The most abundant major elements are Si, Fe and Al; the decreasing sequence of abundance is the following: Si>Fe>Al>K>Mg>Na>Mn. The most abundant minor elements are Pb, Zn, Cu and As, whom sequence of abundance is Pb>Zn>Cu>As>Cr>Co>Cd. According to the particle size of the waste, some of elements (e.g. Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, As) have a high affinity for the fine and very fine particles, being rather concentrated in the silt and clay fractions than within the arenite fractions. Multivariate statistics revealed four distinct types of waste, as well as three factors that control the distribution of the chemical elements: 1) water soluble fraction, 2) pyrite abundance; 3) Ca-bearing minerals. Moreover, the rainfall regime and morphology of the waste deposit also seem to influence the mobility and accumulation of both major and minor elements on the surface of the tailings pond. In terms of environmental pollution, the fine and very fine particles, which accumulate very high amounts of minor and major elements, are susceptible to be transported towards the surrounding areas by wind or water, during rainfall. During the latter events, the acidic leachates, highly enriched in toxic elements, were mobilized by runoff, thus reaching the neighborhoods of the waste deposit.
Evolution of Laboratory Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of global public health importance caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, this disease has worsened with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of tuberculosis. We aim to present and review the history, progress, and future directions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis by evaluating the current methods of laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis, with a special emphasis on microscopic examination and cultivation on solid and liquid media, as well as an approach to molecular assays. The microscopic method, although widely used, has its limitations, and the use and evaluation of other techniques are essential for a complete and accurate diagnosis. Bacterial cultures, both in solid and liquid media, are essential methods in the diagnosis of TB. Culture on a solid medium provides specificity and accuracy, while culture on a liquid medium brings rapidity and increased sensitivity. Molecular tests such as LPA and Xpert MTB/RIF have been found to offer significant benefits in the rapid and accurate diagnosis of TB, including drug-resistant forms. These tests allow the identification of resistance mutations and provide essential information for choosing the right treatment. We conclude that combined diagnostic methods, using several techniques and approaches, provide the best result in the laboratory diagnosis of TB. Improving the quality and accessibility of tests, as well as the implementation of advanced technologies, is essential to help improve the sensitivity, efficiency, and accuracy of TB diagnosis.
Current Strategies for Increasing Knock-In Efficiency in CRISPR/Cas9-Based Approaches

Since its discovery in 2012, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has supposed a promising panorama for developing novel and highly precise genome editing-based gene therapy (GT) alternatives, leading to overcoming the challenges associated with classical GT. Classical GT aims to deliver transgenes to the cells via their random integration in the genome or episomal persistence into the nucleus through lentivirus (LV) or adeno-associated virus (AAV), respectively. Although high transgene expression efficiency is achieved by using either LV or AAV, their nature can result in severe side effects in humans. For instance, an LV (NCT03852498)- and AAV9 (NCT05514249)-based GT clinical trials for treating X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy showed the development of myelodysplastic syndrome and patient’s death, respectively. In contrast with classical GT, the CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing requires the homologous direct repair (HDR) machinery of the cells for inserting the transgene in specific regions of the genome. This sophisticated and well-regulated process is limited in the cell cycle of mammalian cells, and in turn, the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) predominates. Consequently, seeking approaches to increase HDR efficiency over NHEJ is crucial. This manuscript comprehensively reviews the current alternatives for improving the HDR for CRISPR/Cas9-based GTs.