Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Offset and curvature of the Novaya Zemlya fold-and-thrust belt, Arctic Russia

Abstract The Novaya Zemlya archipelago contains a predominantly west-vergent fold-and-thrust belt that separates two contrasting hydrocarbon basins with enigmatic subsidence histories. On the foreland side is the deep depression of the eastern Barents Shelf that hosts the Shtokman gas condensate discovery; on the hinterland side is the South Kara Basin, an offshore continuation of the gas-dominated northern West Siberian Basin. Much of the compressional deformation recorded in Novaya Zemlya appears to have been later than the onset of subsidence in adjacent basins, and may therefore be expected to have had a potentially significant influence on hydrocarbon systems within them. Two characteristics of Novaya Zemlya immediately stand out on any topographic map: the c . 600 km westward offset compared with the remainder of the Uralian Orogen and the plan-view curvature (convex towards the Barents Shelf). Any regional tectonic model developed for the Novaya Zemlya fold-and-thrust belt must be able to explain these first-order features, and a wide range of mechanisms, geometries and timings has been proposed in the literature. However, as far as we are aware, there has been no previous attempt to link the geometry of structures on the archipelago with a potential mechanism that explains their curvature in plan view. Using field observations, information on geological maps and interpretation of satellite imagery, we demonstrate the link between structural geometries in Novaya Zemlya and the basins of the adjacent eastern Barents Shelf. We find no evidence to support previous interpretations of the fold-and-thrust belt as an orocline (bending of an originally straight deformation belt) or a far-travelled thin-skinned allochthon, and conclude that the offset from the remainder of the Uralian Orogen is a primary feature that results from an original embayment on the margin of Baltica.
An intelligent virtual piano tutor

Aiming to instruct the novice in good playing of musical instruments, tutors need to teach the students how to practice certain fingering for certain notes sequence, which typically is the most difficult skill for a beginner to learn. In this paper, we illustrate a virtual piano tutoring system. The system takes a MIDI event sequence as input and displays the suggested result by a 3D virtual pianist, demonstrating the automatically generated "good" fingering for the learner to imitate.Most previous fingering solving algorithms have drawbacks. First, all them solve the fingering piece by piece off-line. Second, the goodness evaluation function is hard to model. Third, no polyphonic algorithm is ever presented. This paper describes a new framework which remedies the first two drawbacks and is of potnetial to solve polyphonic sequence using a novel fingering generation mechanism SFG(Slicing Fingering Generation). Our system gets the fingering solving in real-time, and provides an ergonomics-based pose evaluation.
Heterotrophy in diatoms.

SUMMARY: Forty-two bacteria-free cultures of pennate diatoms from fresh water or soil were tested for ability to grow heterotrophically with glucose as the sole carbon source. Thirteen of these isolates proved capable of growth under these conditions. They comprised seven isolates of Navicula pelliculosa, five of other different species of Navicula, and one of Nitzschia (? ) fonticola. One isolate of Navicula pelliculosa was tested for its ability to grow heterotrophically on any one of sixty organic compounds. Only glucose, glycerol, and fructose were found to be effective in supporting growth. Glucose was metabolized both in the dark, and in the light in the absence of CO2. Glycerol and fructose were not utilized in the dark, but supported growth in the light in the absence of CO2.
ASXL2 mutations are frequently found in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21)/ RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 and associated with a better prognosis

ASXL2 is an epigenetic regulator involved in polycomb repressive complex regulation or recruitment. Clinical features of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with ASXL2 mutations remain unclear. Thus, we investigated frequencies of ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations, clinical features of patients with these mutations, correlations of these mutations with other genetic alterations including BCOR/BCORL1 and cohesin complex component genes, and prognostic impact of these mutations in 369 pediatric patients with de novo AML (0–17 years). We identified 9 (2.4%) ASXL1 and 17 (4.6%) ASXL2 mutations in 25 patients. These mutations were more common in patients with t(8;21)(q22;q22)/RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 (ASXL1, 6/9, 67%, P = 0.02; ASXL2, 10/17, 59%, P = 0.01). Among these 25 patients, 4 (27%) of 15 patients with t(8;21) and 6 (60%) of 10 patients without t(8;21) relapsed. However, most patients with relapse were rescued using stem cell transplantation irrespective of t(8;21). The overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) rates showed no differences among pediatric AML patients with t(8;21) and ASXL1 or ASXL2 mutations and ASXL wild‐type (5‐year OS, 75% vs. 100% vs. 91% and 5‐year EFS, 67% vs. 80% vs. 67%). In 106 patients with t(8;21) AML, the coexistence of mutations in tyrosine kinase pathways and chromatin modifiers and/or cohesin complex component genes had no effect on prognosis. These results suggest that ASXL1 and ASXL2 mutations play key roles as cooperating mutations that induce leukemogenesis, particularly in pediatric AML patients with t(8;21), and these mutations might be associated with a better prognosis than that reported previously.
Revenue Management for a Primary-Care Clinic in the Presence of Patient Choice

In addition to having uncertain patient arrivals, primary-care clinics also face uncertainty arising from patient choices. Patients have different perceptions of the acuity of their need, different time-of-day preferences, as well as different degrees of loyalty toward their designated primary-care provider (PCP). Advanced access systems are designed to reduce wait and increase satisfaction by allowing patients to choose either a same-day or a scheduled future appointment. However, the clinic must carefully manage patients' access to physicians' slots to balance the needs of those who book in advance and those who require a same-day appointment. On the one hand, scheduling too many appointments in advance can lead to capacity shortages when same-day requests arrive. On the other hand, scheduling too few appointments increases patients' wait time, patient-PCP mismatch, and the possibility of clinic slots going unused. The capacity management problem facing the clinic is to decide which appointment requests to accept to maximize revenue. We develop a Markov decision process model for the appointment-booking problem in which the patients' choice behavior is modeled explicitly. When the clinic is served by a single physician, we prove that the optimal policy is a threshold-type policy as long as the choice probabilities satisfy a weak condition. For a multiple-doctor clinic, we partially characterize the structure of the optimal policy. We propose several heuristics and an upper bound. Numerical tests show that the two heuristics based on the partial characterization of the optimal policy are quite accurate. We also study the effect on the clinic's optimal profit of patients' loyalty to their PCPs, total clinic load, and load imbalance among physicians.
Listening and Communication Enhancement (LACE)

Hearing-impaired individuals have varying degrees of success with amplification. Prognosis may be based on both peripheral and central phenomena. In addition, some individuals use compensatory strategies that may result in successful hearing aid use. Others, however, are not so fortunate. Modern hearing aids can provide audibility, but may not rectify changes in spectral and temporal resolution, susceptibility to noise, or degradation of cognitive skills associated with aging. Auditory training has long been advocated to enhance communication, but has never been considered time or cost-effective. LACE (listening and auditory communication enhancement), is a home-based, interactive, adaptive computer program designed to engage the adult hearing- impaired listener in the hearing aid-fitting process, provide listening strategies, build confidence, and address cognitive changes characteristic of the aging process. In addition, it provides the audiologist with the means to perform remote monitoring of a patient's progress. Concepts underlying the development of this therapy and a description of a multisite validation study are presented.
A dose‐ranging study evaluating the oral factor Xa inhibitor edoxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Summary. Background: Edoxaban (the free base of DU‐176b) is an oral, direct factor (F)Xa inhibitor in clinical development for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of edoxaban for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patients/methods: This was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter study conducted in Japan. A total of 523 Japanese patients were assigned to receive edoxaban 5, 15, 30 or 60 mg once daily or placebo for 11–14 days. A placebo control was used as neither low‐molecular‐weight heparin (LMWH) nor fondaparinux had been approved for thromboprophylaxis at the time of the study in Japan. The primary efficacy outcome was the incidence of VTE (lower‐extremity deep vein thrombosis, symptomatic pulmonary embolism or symptomatic deep vein thrombosis). The primary safety outcome was the incidence of major and clinically relevant non‐major bleeding. Results: Edoxaban produced a significant dose‐related reduction in VTE: the incidence of VTE was 29.5%, 26.1%, 12.5% and 9.1% in the edoxaban 5‐, 15‐, 30‐ and 60‐mg treatment groups vs. 48.3% in the placebo group. The incidence of major and clinically relevant non‐major bleeding was similar across all groups without any significant differences among edoxaban doses or between edoxaban and placebo. Conclusions: Edoxaban demonstrated significant dose‐dependent reductions in VTE in patients undergoing TKA with a bleeding incidence similar to placebo. [This trial is registered with JAPIC, JapicCTI‐060283 (ja). ]
Clinical images: three-dimensional computed tomography imaging of tophaceous gout.

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Using a Smartphone while walking: a measure of dual-tasking ability as a falls risk assessment tool.

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Insulin receptor-related receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels are up-regulated in enterochromaffin-like cell pathophysiology

Insulin Receptor-related Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Levels are Upregulated in Enterochromaffin-like Ce11 Pathophysiology. Lisa Anne Ilk. Master of Science, 1 999. Department of Physiology. University of Toronto. The insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR). an orphan member of the insulin receptor family. is selectively localized in the stomach to a subset of neuroendocrine cells. the enterochrornanin-like (ECL) cells. ECL cells are the pivotal regulators of gastric acid secretion. The physiological role of IRR was investigated by analyzing its mRNA levels using semi-quantitative RT-PCR in two States of ECL ce11 pathophysiology in the rat. First. hyperpastrinemia which stimulates ECL ce11 activity and replication was induced by gastric gavage of omepnzole which blocks acid release. Second. a hypogastrinemic state in which ECL ce11 activity was reduced was achieved by fasting. As expected. mRNA levels of the ECL ce11 markers histidine decarboxylase and gastrin receptor increased in hypeqastrinemia and decreased with fasting. IRR mRNA levels also were shown to parallel ihe increase in ECL cell activity in hypergastrinemia. In fasting, however, like the insulin and IGF-1 receptors. IRR mRNA levels increased despite the decrease in ECL ce11 activity. Since IRR mRNA levels were not exclusively conditional on ECL cell activity, they may represent a response to the decreased acid secretion or responses more specific to hypergastrinemia and fasting, for example to increased ECL ce11 activity and loss of ligand, respectively.
Range Finding Test of Scirpus Grossus on Aluminium and Iron Contaminated Soil

High concentration metal in soil may cause pollution. Particularly for aluminium and iron in soil. Even though these substances are necessary micro-substances for plants, but if the soil has it in high concentration, it will cause more complex environmental problem. These two metals were found in high concentration in soil near the small Industry Environment that recycled aluminium in Jombang Regency, East Java. High concentration also caused soil contamination, thus treatment towards the land was needed. One of the best solutions to overcome land contamination was phytoremediation. Scirpus grossus , to date, is the most widely used wild plant which has the ability in remediating metal pollutant in soil. Before treating metal on soil, toxicity test needed to be done beforehand. Toxicity test was done using Range Finding Test (RFT) method for 7 days using reactors with each filled with 5 kg of soil and 4 plants. RFT was done in different concentration composition between Al:Fe. The load variation (mg/kg) of Al:Fe in the reactors were 10.000:0, 5.000:50, 500:500, 50:5.000, 0:10.000 and control reactor. The result obtained after 7 days were that Scirpus grossus plant could survive in pollution load of Al:Fe 500:500 (mg/kg) with 75% percentage of living plants.
Reliability for Technology Engineering and Management

I. THE RELIABILITY OBJECTIVE. 1. I Want What I Want When I Want It! 2. Defining Reliability. 3. Computing Reliability Parameters. II. MEASURING AND EVALUATING RELIABILITY. 4. Reliability Predictions. 5. Evaluating Data for Failure Rate Estimation. 6. Graphical Evaluation for Reliability Prediction. 7. Restorability. 8. Reliability Modeling for System Predictions. 9. Reliability Modeling of Complex Systems. 10. System Availability and Dependability. III. RELIABILITY ASSURANCE AND IMPROVEMENT. 11. Reliability and Restorability Demonstration Testing. 12. Reliability Growth Testing. 13. Risk Assessment. 14. Epilogue. Appendix A: Review of Probability and Statistics. Appendix B: Probability Tables. Appendix C: System MTBF and Availability Tables. Index.
Perception and misperception of surface opacity

Significance One of the most perplexing problems in vision science is to understand how the visual system computes the reflectance and transmittance properties of different materials despite variability in 3D shape and illumination. We show that 3D shape can play a decisive role in the perception of surface opacity and that gross misperceptions of surface opacity can arise for specific surface geometries and light fields. We argue that the perception of surface opacity depends on the relationship between intensity and 3D surface orientation and show that this relationship can play a decisive role in modulating the perception of surface opacity, independently of the true physical characteristics of materials. A fundamental problem in extracting scene structure is distinguishing different physical sources of image structure. Light reflected by an opaque surface covaries with local surface orientation, whereas light transported through the body of a translucent material does not. This suggests the possibility that the visual system may use the covariation of local surface orientation and intensity as a cue to the opacity of surfaces. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the contrast of luminance gradients and the surface geometries to which they belonged and assessed how these manipulations affected the perception of surface opacity/translucency. We show that (i) identical luminance gradients can appear either translucent or opaque depending on the relationship between luminance and perceived 3D surface orientation, (ii) illusory percepts of translucency can be induced by embedding opaque surfaces in diffuse light fields that eliminate the covariation between surface orientation and intensity, and (iii) illusory percepts of opacity can be generated when transparent materials are embedded in a light field that generates images where surface orientation and intensity covary. Our results provide insight into how the visual system distinguishes opaque surfaces and light-permeable materials and why discrepancies arise between the perception and physics of opacity and translucency. These results suggest that the most significant information used to compute the perceived opacity and translucency of surfaces arise at a level of representation where 3D shape is made explicit.
Selenium accumulation by plants.

BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral element for animals and humans, which they acquire largely from plants. The Se concentration in edible plants is determined by the Se phytoavailability in soils. Selenium is not an essential element for plants, but excessive Se can be toxic. Thus, soil Se phytoavailability determines the ecology of plants. Most plants cannot grow on seleniferous soils. Most plants that grow on seleniferous soils accumulate <100 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter and cannot tolerate greater tissue Se concentrations. However, some plant species have evolved tolerance to Se, and commonly accumulate tissue Se concentrations >100 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter. These plants are considered to be Se accumulators. Some species can even accumulate Se concentrations of 1000-15 000 mg Se kg(-1 )dry matter and are called Se hyperaccumulators. SCOPE This article provides an overview of Se uptake, translocation and metabolism in plants and highlights the possible genetic basis of differences in these between and within plant species. The review focuses initially on adaptations allowing plants to tolerate large Se concentrations in their tissues and the evolutionary origin of species that hyperaccumulate Se. It then describes the variation in tissue Se concentrations between and within angiosperm species and identifies genes encoding enzymes limiting the rates of incorporation of Se into organic compounds and chromosomal loci that might enable the development of crops with greater Se concentrations in their edible portions. Finally, it discusses transgenic approaches enabling plants to tolerate greater Se concentrations in the rhizosphere and in their tissues. CONCLUSIONS The trait of Se hyperaccumulation has evolved several times in separate angiosperm clades. The ability to tolerate large tissue Se concentrations is primarily related to the ability to divert Se away from the accumulation of selenocysteine and selenomethionine, which might be incorporated into non-functional proteins, through the synthesis of less toxic Se metabilites. There is potential to breed or select crops with greater Se concentrations in their edible tissues, which might be used to increase dietary Se intakes of animals and humans.