Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skeletons, Object Shape, Statistics

Objects and object complexes in 3D, as well as those in 2D, have many possible representations. Among them skeletal representations have special advantages and some limitations. For the special form of skeletal representation called “s-reps,” these advantages include strong suitability for representing slabular object populations and statistical applications on these populations. Accomplishing these statistical applications is best if one recognizes that s-reps live on a curved shape space. Here we will lay out the definition of s-reps, their advantages and limitations, their mathematical properties, methods for fitting s-reps to single- and multi-object boundaries, methods for measuring the statistics of these object and multi-object representations, and examples of such applications involving statistics. While the basic theory, ideas, and programs for the methods are described in this paper and while many applications with evaluations have been produced, there remain many interesting open opportunities for research on comparisons to other shape representations, new areas of application and further methodological developments, many of which are explicitly discussed here.
Integration of somatosensory and motor-related information in the auditory system

An ability to integrate information provided by different sensory modalities is a fundamental feature of neurons in many brain areas. Because visual and auditory inputs often originate from the same external object, which may be located some distance away from the observer, the synthesis of these cues can improve localization accuracy and speed up behavioral responses. By contrast, multisensory interactions occurring close to the body typically involve a combination of tactile stimuli with other sensory modalities. Moreover, most activities involving active touch generate sound, indicating that stimuli in these modalities are frequently experienced together. In this review, we examine the basis for determining sound-source distance and the contribution of auditory inputs to the neural encoding of space around the body. We then consider the perceptual consequences of combining auditory and tactile inputs in humans and discuss recent evidence from animal studies demonstrating how cortical and subcortical areas work together to mediate communication between these senses. This research has shown that somatosensory inputs interface with and modulate sound processing at multiple levels of the auditory pathway, from the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem to the cortex. Circuits involving inputs from the primary somatosensory cortex to the auditory midbrain have been identified that mediate suppressive effects of whisker stimulation on auditory thalamocortical processing, providing a possible basis for prioritizing the processing of tactile cues from nearby objects. Close links also exist between audition and movement, and auditory responses are typically suppressed by locomotion and other actions. These movement-related signals are thought to cancel out self-generated sounds, but they may also affect auditory responses via the associated somatosensory stimulation or as a result of changes in brain state. Together, these studies highlight the importance of considering both multisensory context and movement-related activity in order to understand how the auditory cortex operates during natural behaviors, paving the way for future work to investigate auditory-somatosensory interactions in more ecological situations.
Comparative genomic analysis of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK from koumiss

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SMN-LBK, which was isolated in Xinjiang, has been shown to be a probiotic strain and used as the auxiliary starter for dairy fermentation. Comparative genomic analysis was performed to investigate the metabolic preference and ethanol tolerance mechanisms of L. paracasei SMN-LBK. The results of comparative genomics showed that L. paracasei strains had high conservation and genetic diversity. SMN-LBK encoded various genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism pathways, which endow this strain with good fermentation potential. In addition, 6 CRISPR sequences and 8 cas proteins were found in SMN-LBK, and these could play vital roles in the immune system. Furthermore, a unique cluster of potential secondary metabolism genes related to bacteriocins was detected in the genome of SMN-LBK, and this could be important for the preservation of fermented foods. Multiple genes related to alcohol tolerance were also identified. In conclusion, our study explained the traits that were previously demonstrated for SMN-LBK as phenotypes and provided a theoretical basis for the application of SMN-LBK in the food industry.
Roles of non-coding RNAs in the hormonal and nutritional regulation in nodulation and nitrogen fixation

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an important component in the nitrogen cycle and is a potential solution for sustainable agriculture. It is the result of the interactions between the plant host, mostly restricted to legume species, and the rhizobial symbiont. From the first encounter between the host and the symbiont to eventual successful nitrogen fixation, there are delicate processes involved, such as nodule organogenesis, rhizobial infection thread progression, differentiation of the bacteroid, deregulation of the host defense systems, and reallocation of resources. All these processes are tightly regulated at different levels. Recent evidence revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), participate in these processes by controlling the transcription and translation of effector genes. In general, ncRNAs are functional transcripts without translation potential and are important gene regulators. MiRNAs, negative gene regulators, bind to the target mRNAs and repress protein production by causing the cleavage of mRNA and translational silencing. LncRNAs affect the formation of chromosomal loops, DNA methylation, histone modification, and alternative splicing to modulate gene expression. Both lncRNAs and circRNAs could serve as target mimics of miRNA to inhibit miRNA functions. In this review, we summarized and discussed the current understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation in the root nodule, mainly focusing on their regulation of hormone signal transduction, the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) pathway and nutrient homeostasis in nodules. Unraveling the mediation of legume nodulation by ncRNAs will give us new insights into designing higher-performance leguminous crops for sustainable agriculture.
The comparative short-term efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon vs. drug-eluting stent for treating small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients

Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to explore the comparative short-term efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon (DCB) vs. drug-eluting stent (DES) for treating small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledgement Infrastructure (CNKI) for retrieving relevant studies regarding the comparison of DCB with DES in treating small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients until May 31, 2022. Two independent authors screened study, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality. Then, the meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan software, version 5.4. Results We included 6 studies with 847 patients in this meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that DCB was associated with fewer major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [RR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.39–0.93; p = 0.02], myocardial infarction (MI) (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19–0.94; p = 0.03), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08–0.69; p < 0.001), target vessel revascularization (TVR) (RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18–0.63; p < 0.001), binary restenosis (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11–0.68; p = 0.005), and late lumen loss (LLL) [mean difference (MD), −0.31; 95% CI, −0.36 to −0.27; p < 0.001], but was comparable technique success rate, death, minimal lumen diameter (MLD), and net lumen gain (NLG) to DES. There was no difference in long-term outcomes between these two techniques. Conclusions This meta-analysis shows that DCB is better than DES in the short-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of small-vessel coronary artery lesions in diabetic patients. However, more studies are required to validate our findings and investigate the long-term effects and safety of DCB.
Editorial: Early diagnoses and treatments of uncommon breast cancers

COPYRIGHT © 2022 De Francesco and Vella. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. TYPE Editorial PUBLISHED 18 October 2022 DOI 10.3389/fendo.2022. 1042226
Processed lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx.: A review of cardiotonic effects and cardiotoxicity on molecular mechanisms

Fuzi, the lateral root of A. carmichaelii Debx. , is a typical traditional herbal medicine with both poisonousness and effectiveness, and often used in the treatment of heart failure and other heart diseases. In this review, we searched domestic and foreign literature to sort out the molecular mechanisms of cardiotonic and cardiotoxicity of Fuzi, also including its components. The major bioactive components of Fuzi for cardiotonic are total alkaloids, polysaccharide and the water-soluble alkaloids, with specific mechanisms manifested in the inhibition of myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis and autophagy, and improvement of mitochondrial energy metabolism, which involves RAAS system, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway, etc. Diester-diterpenoid alkaloids in Fuzi can produce cardiotoxic effects by over-activating Na+ and Ca2+ ion channels, over-activating NLRP3/ASC/caspase-3 inflammatory pathway and mitochondria mediated apoptosis pathway. And three clinically used preparations containing Fuzi are also used as representatives to summarize their cardiac-strengthening molecular mechanisms. To sum up, Fuzi has shown valuable cardiotonic effects due to extensive basic and clinical studies, but its cardiotonic mechanisms have not been systematically sorted out. Therefore, it is a need for deeper investigation in the mechanisms of water-soluble alkaloids with low content but obvious therapeutic effect, as well as polysaccharide.
Association of in vitro fertilization with maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant women with active tuberculosis: A retrospective hospital-based cohort study

Background Study on effect of fertilization methods on maternal and perinatal outcomes with respect to TB during pregnancy was scarce. This study aimed to analyze maternal and perinatal outcomes in active TB cases after in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment vs. normal pregnancy. Methods Clinical data of 80 pregnant women with active TB hospitalized at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center between June 1st, 2014 and November 30th, 2020 were extracted and retrospectively analyzed. History of receiving IVF was recorded at admission and its association with maternal and perinatal outcomes were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Of the 80 pregnant women with active TB, 28 (35.0%) received IVF treatment and 52 (65.0%) did not receive IVF treatment. After adjusting for potential confounders, receiving IVF was associated with worse maternal and perinatal outcomes, including maternal criticality (21.4 vs. 2.0%, adjusted OR = 28.3, P = 0.015), miliary TB (89.3 vs. 13.5%, adjusted OR = 75.4, P < 0.001), TB meningitis (32.1 vs. 7.7%, adjusted OR = 6.2, P = 0.010), and perinatal mortality (64.3 vs. 28.8%, adjusted OR = 9.8, P = 0.001). Conclusion The additional risk of TB to women receiving IVF treatment is a public health challenge specific to countries with a high tuberculosis burden. Increased awareness of latent tuberculosis infection in women receiving IVF treatment is needed.
Health-related quality of life measured by EQ-5D-3L for the spouses of breast cancer patients

To explore factors influencing the health-related quality of life of spouses of breast cancer patients and the suitable questionnaires for this purpose. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. The spouses of breast cancer patients were included and evaluated via face-to-face interviews. Self-designed demographic characteristics and disease-related questionnaires, the 12-item health survey questionnaire (SF-12), the three-level European five-dimensional health status scale (EQ-5D-3L), and the Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS) were used. The internal consistency reliability measure Cronbach’s coefficient, criterion-related validity, construct validity, and sensitivity were used to evaluate the applicability of the EQ-5D-3L. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors associated with the health-related quality of life of spouses of breast cancer patients. We investigated a total of 100 spouses of breast cancer patients. Cronbach’s α, the internal consistency reliability coefficient, was 0.502. The EQ-5D-3L health utility score was moderately correlated with PCS-12 (r=0.46, p=0.0001) and weakly correlated with MCS-12 (r=0.35, p=0.0001). The EQ-5D-3L health utility score for the spouses of breast cancer patients was 0.870, and the EQ-VAS was 78.3. In multivariate analysis, social support and cognition of the treatment effect were factors that influenced the EQ-5D-3L health utility score. The EQ-5D-3L has good reliability, validity, and sensitivity for measuring the physiological aspects of the health-related quality of life of spouses of BC patients. EQ-5D-3L was considered suitable for this study.
About Time

Gilbert Simondon, Individuation in light of notions of form and individuation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020). 440pp. , £88.00 hb. , £20.99 pb. , 978 0 81668 001 6 hb. , 978 0 81668 002 3 pb. Gilbert Simondon, Individuation in light of notions of form and individuation, Volume II: Supplemental Texts (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020). 336pp. , £88.00 hb. , £20.99 pb. , 978 1 51790 951 2 hb. , 978 1 51790 952 9 pb.
An Assessment of Online Consumption Trends in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Online consumption in Japan has increased significantly since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many issues remain unclear, such as what kind of households have increased their online consumption and whether the increase in online consumption is temporary or highly persistent. In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of online consumption trends during the pandemic, using (i) granular tailor-made data from the Survey of Household Economy by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and (ii) aggregated figures computed from transaction data from "Money Forward ME," the personal financial management service provided by Money Forward, Inc. Our empirical results based on these datasets up to December 2020 show that online consumption in Japan increased among a wide range of age and income groups, that many households engaged in online consumption for the first time during the pandemic, and that most of these households continued to engage in online consumption. While it should be noted that the results are based on a limited observation period, they suggest that the increase in online consumption likely is highly persistent. If such changes in household behavior are indeed highly persistent, they may have important implications for Japan's economy.
Formation Control of Multiple Mobile Robots Based on Backstepping

Aiming at the formation control problem of multiple mobile robots with incomplete characteristics and the geometric center and the center of gravity do not coincide, the algorithm based on the leader-follower model is improved, and the system pose error kinematics equation is obtained, and then a backstepping method is used to design a Cooperative control formation strategy of multiple mobile robots in a nonlinear system. The feasibility of the algorithm is proved through the analysis of Lyapunov's stability theory. Finally, the formation control was realized through simulation experiments, and the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified.
Flattening the Radial Temperature Profile across the Transformational Challenge Reactor Core

The Transformational Challenge Reactor (TCR) program [1] is demonstrating an agile development approach to advanced nuclear reactor design, which has traditionally utilized a linear design process. In leveraging artificial intelligence, additive manufacturing, advanced materials, and cutting-edge modeling and simulation, the TCR program aims to minimize the high cost and lengthy deployment timelines now standard in the nuclear industry [2, 3]. Within a relatively short period of time, a robust and mature advanced gas-cooled reactor was iteratively designed under the TCR program, using these cutting-edge technologies. The TCR (see Fig. 1) is a 3 MWt gas-cooled microreactor fueled with uranium nitride (UN) tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles. Though manufactured via traditional means, these UN TRISO particles are loaded into additively manufactured silicon carbide (SiC) cans [4]. Once loaded with TRISO particles, the SiC cans are densified using a chemical vapor infiltration process. The additively manufactured SiC enables significantly more freedom in the design of the fuel form than could ever be achieved using traditionally manufactured SiC [5]. The helium coolant, pressurized to 5 MPa, enters the core at 300°C and nominally exits it at 500°C.
On the Mathematical Understanding of ResNet with Feynman Path Integral

In this paper, we aim to understand Residual Network (ResNet) in a scientifically sound way by providing a bridge between ResNet and Feynman path integral. In particular, we prove that the effect of residual block is equivalent to partial differential equation, and the ResNet transforming process can be equivalently converted to Feynman path integral. These conclusions greatly help us mathematically understand the advantage of ResNet in addressing the gradient vanishing issue. More importantly, our analyses offer a path integral view of ResNet, and demonstrate that the output of certain network can be obtained by adding contributions of all paths. Moreover, the contribution of each path is proportional to e^{-S}, where S is the action given by time integral of Lagrangian L. This lays the solid foundation in the understanding of ResNet, and provides insights in the future design of convolutional neural network architecture. Based on these results, we have designed the network using partial differential operators, which further validates our theoritical analyses.
Cloning and expression of ﬁve heat shock protein genes in relation to cold hardening and development in the leafminer, Liriomyza sativa of Insect Physiology

The vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae has spread worldwide, causing serious loss of agricultural productivity.Heatshockproteins(HSPs)playimportantrolesintheenvironmentaladaptation ofvarious organisms, and to explore the functions of HSPs in relation to cold tolerance and development in L. sativae , three full-length cDNAs of small heat shock protein genes ( ls-hsp19.5 , ls-hsp20.8 and ls-hsp21.7 ) and two partial cDNAs of tcp1 (the hsp60 homolog, ls-tcp1 a and ls-tcp1 z ) were cloned, and their transcriptional expression during cold hardening and development was examined by real time quantitativePCR.Theopenreadingframes(ORFs)of ls-hsp19.5 , ls-hsp20.8 and ls-hsp21.7 are516,543and 573 bp in length, encoding proteins with molecular weights (M.W.) of 19.5, 20.8 and 21.7 kDa, respectively. The 956 and 323 bp partial cDNAs were respectively sequenced from ls-tcp1 a and ls-tcp1 z . The expression proﬁles during cold hardening revealed that ls-tcp1 s did not respond to cold stress. However,the three small hsp sweresigniﬁcantlyinduced bycold,and ls-hsp20.8 wasmorecold-sensitive thantheothers.Theseresultssuggest thatdifferent shsp membersmayberesponsibleforcoldstressesof different intensity. The expression of hsp s during developmental processes revealed that the mRNA levels of small hsp s reached a peak in the pupal stage, whereas the levels of large hsp s, including two ls-tcp1 s, hsp60 and hsp90 increasedgraduallywiththedevelopmentalprocess.Theseresultssuggestthat,in addition to a heat shock response, these HSPs may be involved in the development of L. sativae .
Operator algebra quantum groups of universal gauge groups

In this paper, we quantize universal gauge groups such as SU(\infty), in the sigma-C*-algebra setting. More precisely, we propose a concise definition of sigma-C*-quantum groups and explain the concept here. At the same time, we put this definition in the mathematical context of countably compactly generated groups as well as C*-compact quantum groups.
Five Natural Active Ingredients Achieve Anti-fatigue Function by Synergistic Antioxidation and Regulating the Structure of Intestinal Flora

In this study, the synergistic anti-fatigue effects of five natural active ingredients (anthocyanin, tea polyphenol, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, ginsenoside, salidroside) and their effects on intestinal flora in mice were investigated. Synergistic antioxidant in vitro showed that when ginsenoside: Lycium barbarum polysaccharide: salidroside = 2:1:6 (4 mg/mL), the maximum experimental scavenging capacity (ESC) of the system was 124.73±5.32 μmol Trolox/L, the synergistic effect (SE) was 2.75. Natural active ingredients of different concentrations and formulations were orally administered to mice. The results showed that compared with control group, the group H (Ginsenoside/Lycium barbarum polysaccharide/Salidroside (2/1/6) 200 mg kg -1 d -1 ) can significantly increase the exhausting swimming time, decreasing the content of blood lactic acid (BLA), serum urea nitrogen (BUN), and malondialdehyde (MDA), which were accompanied by a corresponding increase in liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), liver glycogen content (LG) ( p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Verrucomicrobiota and Rokubacteria in group H were significantly decreased ( p < 0.05), and the relative abundances of Acidobacteria , Parasutterella and Deferribacteres were significantly increased ( p < 0.05). These data suggest that ginsenoside, Lycium barbarum polysaccharide, and salidroside achieve synergistic anti-fatigue effects by regulating intestinal flora and oxidative stress.