Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of multi-frequency heating based on the nonlinear response characteristics of magnetron to improve uniformity

Abstract The majority of microwave ovens on the market are powered by magnetrons, which can only produce a narrow-band frequency that has a large peak, resulting in poor uniformity. A method is proposed to improve nonuniform heating based on nonlinear response characteristics of the magnetron to produce multi-frequency. First, a multi-physics model of microwave heating is established to realize the calculation of multi-frequency heating. Second, a multi-frequency heating experimental system based on the characteristics of the magnetron is built and verified with the calculated results. The results show that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Finally, based on the multi-physics model, the influences of different parameters, such as frequency intervals, cavity size, location of the object to be heated and material properties, on microwave heating uniformity have also been discussed. The results show that the method adopted in this paper is feasible, and the heating uniformity of microwaves is improved.
Correlation between Nod-like Receptor Protein 3 Inflammasome and Diabetic Dry Eye

interleukin-10 was non-statistical significance. Nod-like receptor protein 3, caspase-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, interleukin-18 in serum were increased significantly and superoxide dismutase, monoamine oxidase type B were decreased statistically, meanwhile, levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 has no statistical difference. The results of real-time quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction showed that levels of nod-like receptor protein 3, caspase-1, toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor alpha were statistically increased also. Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a strong positive correlation between nod-like receptor protein 3 levels and diabetic dry eye. The level of nod-like receptor protein 3 in diabetic dry eye increased significantly. There was a positive correlation between the clinical parameters and nod-like receptor protein 3 levels in diabetic dry eye, suggesting that regulation of nod-like receptor protein 3 level may provide new ideas for preventing and treating diabetic dry eye.
Deriving Arctic Cloud Microphysics at Barrow, Alaska: Algorithms, Results, and Radiative Closure

AbstractCloud phase and microphysical properties control the radiative effects of clouds in the climate system and are therefore crucial to characterize in a variety of conditions and locations. An Arctic-specific, ground-based, multisensor cloud retrieval system is described here and applied to 2 yr of observations from Barrow, Alaska. Over these 2 yr, clouds occurred 75% of the time, with cloud ice and liquid each occurring nearly 60% of the time. Liquid water occurred at least 25% of the time, even in winter, and existed up to heights of 8 km. The vertically integrated mass of liquid was typically larger than that of ice. While it is generally difficult to evaluate the overall uncertainty of a comprehensive cloud retrieval system of this type, radiative flux closure analyses were performed in which flux calculations using the derived microphysical properties were compared with measurements at the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Radiative closure biases were generally smaller for cloudy scenes re.
Bacteriophages as Biotechnological Tools

Bacteriophages are ubiquitous organisms that can be specific to one or multiple strains of hosts, in addition to being the most abundant entities on the planet. It is estimated that they exceed ten times the total number of bacteria. They are classified as temperate, which means that phages can integrate their genome into the host genome, originating a prophage that replicates with the host cell and may confer immunity against infection by the same type of phage; and lytics, those with greater biotechnological interest and are viruses that lyse the host cell at the end of its reproductive cycle. When lysogenic, they are capable of disseminating bacterial antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. When professionally lytic—that is, obligately lytic and not recently descended from a temperate ancestor—they become allies in bacterial control in ecological imbalance scenarios; these viruses have a biofilm-reducing capacity. Phage therapy has also been advocated by the scientific community, given the uniqueness of issues related to the control of microorganisms and biofilm production when compared to other commonly used techniques. The advantages of using bacteriophages appear as a viable and promising alternative. This review will provide updates on the landscape of phage applications for the biocontrol of pathogens in industrial settings and healthcare.
Likelihood-based modeling and analysis of possum trapping data

Possums are a major environmental threat in New Zealand. There is no simple way to estimate possum numbers directly, and most estimates are based on an index of the proportion of leg-hold traps that catch possums. In this article, possum trapping data are used in conjunction with a plausible stochastic model and maximum likelihood estimation to construct a direct estimate of the number of possums in the vicinity of the trap lines. The model assumes that possums are caught in the traps in a Poisson process at a rate that is proportional to the product of the declining density of possums and the number of free traps, with the constant of proportionality log-linearly dependent on the accumulating number of trapped possums and the number of possums caughton previousnights. Numerical solutions of the differential equations for the probabilities associated with this stochastic process were used to construct a full likelihood of the data and hence maximum likelihood estimation of all parameters specifying the model. Based on the likelihood ratio statistic, strong serial dependence of successive nightly numbers of trapped possums was found, together with a weaker attractive effect whereby trapped possums tended to attract other possums into neighboring traps. Additionally, a maximum likelihood estimate of the local number of possums present in the vicinity of the trap lines was determined, with confidence intervals constructed from the profile log likelihood.
The Contribution of the Human Oral Microbiome to Oral Disease: A Review

The oral microbiome is an emerging field that has been a topic of discussion since the development of next generation sequencing and the implementation of the human microbiome project. This article reviews the current literature surrounding the oral microbiome, briefly highlighting most recent methods of microbiome characterization including cutting edge omics, databases for the microbiome, and areas with current gaps in knowledge. This article also describes reports on microorganisms contained in the oral microbiome which include viruses, archaea, fungi, and bacteria, and provides an in-depth analysis of their significant roles in tissue homeostasis. Finally, we detail key bacteria involved in oral disease, including oral cancer, and the current research surrounding their role in stimulation of inflammatory cytokines, the role of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal disease, the creation of a network of interactions between microorganisms, the influence of the planktonic microbiome and cospecies biofilms, and the implications of antibiotic resistance. This paper provides a comprehensive literature analysis while also identifying gaps in knowledge to enable future studies to be conducted.
A data-driven approach for modifying the rope dynamics model of the flexible hoisting system

In the flexible hoisting system, past research focused on the physical modeling without considering complex external environmental variables such as guided rails excitation and shaft effect, leading to a significant deviation between the physical model and the actual model. However, the physical modeling is difficult to model the actual dynamics of the rope strictly under the actual working conditions. This paper takes a high-speed elevator hoisting system as an example. A modified model combining the physical model and the data-driven model is proposed to mitigate the deviation between the physical model and the actual model. In the experiments, the vibration signals of the rope were extracted from images collected by a camera. A beat-like phenomenon of the vibration signals is discovered in the vibration signals of the rope during the acceleration stage. The experiment results demonstrate that the modified model can more accurately model the dynamics of the rope under the actual working conditions and reduce the absolute error of 75.9% compared with the physical model. The proposed model also provides a reference for the modification of the complex dynamic models.
An Objective High-Resolution Hail Climatology of the Contiguous United States

AbstractThe threat of damaging hail from severe thunderstorms affects many communities and industries on a yearly basis, with annual economic losses in excess of $1 billion (U.S. dollars). Past hail climatology has typically relied on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Climatic Data Center’s (NOAA/NCDC) Storm Data publication, which has numerous reporting biases and nonmeteorological artifacts. This research seeks to quantify the spatial and temporal characteristics of contiguous United States (CONUS) hail fall, derived from multiradar multisensor (MRMS) algorithms for several years during the Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) era, leveraging the Multiyear Reanalysis of Remotely Sensed Storms (MYRORSS) dataset at NOAA’s National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). The primary MRMS product used in this study is the maximum expected size of hail (MESH). The preliminary climatology includes 42 months of quality controlled and reprocessed MESH grids, which spans the warm seasons fo.
Large-scale forbidden C II 158 micron emission from the Galaxy

A diffuse far-infrared [C II] emission line has been detected in an extensive region (30° ≤ l ≤ 51°) along the Galactic plane. The [C II] line is bright and extended far from discrete H II regions. Latitudinal and longitudinal profiles of the [C II] intensity distribution are quite similar to those of 12 CO (J = 1-0) and the 100 μm continuum, but are completely different from those of HI 21 cm. The diffuse [C II] emission probably comes from the photodissociated C + regions enveloping giant molecular clouds exposed to the general interstellar UV radiation field. The extended low-density ionized gas might also contribute to the diffuse [C II] emission.
Intense surface photoemission : space charge effects and self-acceleration

Ultraviolet laser irradiation of surfaces, in the course of photoemission or surface photochemical studies, often produce copious electron emission, up to 1000’s of A/cm2. The time‐dependent fields produced by these electrons accelerate some of the electrons up to 5.4 times their initial energies. The steady‐state fields return most of the emitted electrons to the surface. We discuss and illustrate both phenomena with theoretical simulations and experiment, and discuss possible implications.
Extension of Preissmann Scheme to Two-Dimensional Flows

A numerical solution to the finite difference of two-dimensional (2D) depth-averaged equations on nonstaggered grid points is proposed in this technical note. Following a locally one-dimensional procedure, the basic equations are split into a pair of one-dimensional equations. Therefore, the solution of a 2D problem is reduced to the solution of a sequence of two one-dimensional problems. The discretization of the split one-dimensional equations is obtained with the use of the original Preissmann operator. Using Fourier’s classic linear analysis, stability, dissipation and dispersion with frictional resistance are investigated for the variations of the Courant number and weighting time factor.
Calculations of lower hybrid current drive in ITER

A detailed study of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) in ITER is provided, focusing on the wave propagation and current drive mechanisms. A combination of ray-tracing and Fokker–Planck calculations are presented for various plasma scenarios, wave frequency and polarization. The dependence of the driven current and the location of power deposition upon the coupled wave spectrum is systematically determined, in order to set objectives for the antenna design. The respective effects of finite-power levels, magnetic trapping, and detailed antenna spectra are accounted for and quantitatively estimated. The sensitivity of LHCD to density and temperature profiles is calculated. From the simulation results, an optimum value for the parallel index of refraction is proposed as a compromise between efficiency and robustness with respect to those profile variations. The corresponding current drive efficiency is found to be similar for the two frequencies generally considered for ITER, f = 3.7 GHz and f = 5.0 GHz.
Reproductive and Morphological Characteristics of Hemidactylus turcicus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and Tarentola annularis (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) in Southern Egypt

Hemidactylus turcicus and Tarentola annularis are occasionally sympatric and are ecologically similar in vertical wall microhabitat. For this reason, I studied their sexual, fat-body, and liver cycles for three years. All morphological variables are male-biased in T. annularis, unlike male H. turcicus, which showed significant differences in head sizes only. Females exhibited a spring to summer vitellogenic period with ovulation occurring during mid-spring to mid-summer in T. annularis and from late spring to late summer in H. turcicus. The mean clutch size of oviductal eggs (1.86) and relative clutch mass (0.188) was higher in H. turcicus than in T. annularis (1.67 and 0.132). Relative clutch mass was negatively correlated with snout–vent length in T. annularis but was not in H. turcicus. Sperm were present in the epididymis for eight months in H. turcicus while year-round in T. annularis. Post-breeding, masses of liver and fat body increased in both sexes of both species. There were significant differences in fat body and liver masses between the sexes of both species. Based on the liver-mass cycle, the energy expenditure on reproduction in male and female T. annularis was high compared with the corresponding sexes of H. turcicus. Testicular recrudescence began in late fall or early winter corresponding to lower temperatures, photoperiod, and precipitation. Testicular regression occurred at the highest temperatures in late summer and early fall.
Effects of 24 Weeks of a Supervised Walk Training on Knee Muscle Strength and Quality of Life in Older Female Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Poor supervision, impaired exercise adherence, and low compliance with exercise regimens result in inconsistent effects regarding exercise interventions. A supervised-walk training regimen (9 km/week) may have a positive effect on functional recovery in female total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a supervised walking regimen on lower limb muscle strength, functional fitness, and patient-reported outcomes in female TKA. Twenty-eight female TKA were allocated into a control (CON) (n = 14) or walk training (WT) (n = 14) group. WT on treadmills was initiated 12 weeks after TKA. All patients were examined for lower muscle strength (including extension and flexion of hip and knee), physical function (including a 6-min walk test, 8-foot up-and-go test, and 30-s chair stand test), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. Knee flexor (WT: CON; 64.4 ± 4.1 nm/kg: 43.7±3.3 nm/kg; p = 0.001; effect size: 5.62) and extensor strengths (WT: CON; 73.1 ± 7.5 nm/kg: 48.2 ± 2.4 nm/kg; p = 0.001; effect size: 4.47) statistically increased in the WT group compared to the CON group. The 6-min walk test (from 341.3 ± 20.5 m to 405.5 ± 30.7 m; p = 0.001; effect size: 2.46) and 8-foot up-and-go test (from 9.5 ± 0.7 s to 8.3 ± 0.7 s; p = 0.002; effect size: 1.71) tests also showed significant improvements in the WT group in the follow-up compared to the baseline. An increase in quality of life score according to the KOOS questionnaire (WT: CON; 91.0 ± 2.8: 68.1 ± 5.8; p = 0.001; effect size: 5.02) was noted in the WT group compared to the CON group in the follow-up. WT facilitated improvements in knee muscle strength and functional outcomes in TKA patients.
NORMAL-MODE FORCE APPROPRIATION—THEORY AND APPLICATION

Abstract Normal-mode force appropriation is a method of physically exciting and measuring the undamped natural frequencies and normal-mode shapes of a structure which is distinct from the more common phase separation approaches. In this paper, the theory of normal modes and force appropriation is reviewed and a comparison made of a number of common force appropriation techniques. Both simulated and experimental data are used to highlight the relative merits of the different approaches, and comparisons to phase separation results are presented. Further advancements and applications of normal-mode testing—to non-proportionally damped structures, non-linear structures and consideration of the optimal exciter placement problem—are also discussed.
Does audit committee characteristics a driver in risk disclosure?

Abstract Risk disclosure is one of the practices of corporate governance. Disclosure of risk is an important aspect of a company’s financial reporting since it provides information on how various risks can occur, the company’s response to these risks, and the impact these risks have on the company’s future. By sharing risk information, the corporation has attempted to be more transparent in delivering information to its stakeholders. Based on risk disclosure information, stakeholders are anticipated to make better judgments. This study aimed to examine the influence of audit committee characteristics on risk disclosure. This analysis includes 202 bank statements from 2017 to 2021, the observation period for banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Regression was used for data extracted from annual reports, corporate governance reports, and company websites. The results demonstrated that the audit committee’s expertise positively impacted risk disclosure. Risk disclosure is unaffected by the size and frequency of the audit committee. The audit committee plays a crucial role in providing information regarding risks; therefore, the corporation must pay close attention to the audit committee’s quality. The knowledge of audit committees with a background in accounting or financial education can promote risk disclosure.
Time-dependent Numerical Modeling of Plain Concrete Columns Wrapped by FRP Sheets

The demand for strengthening structures becomes necessary when an increase in load is inevitable. For instance very little information is available on the time-dependent behaviour of strengthened concrete columns. Also, this is a primary factor hindering the widespread uses of FRP strengthening technologies in the construction implementations. This paper investigates the behaviour of strengthened concrete columns with FRP sheets subjected to long-term loading by non linear finite element analysis using ANSYS computer package. A three-dimensional finite element model has been used in this investigation. This study achieved a good agreement between numerical and experimental results, it was found that the percentage of error of specimens do not pass (5%) for creep strain. In addition, a parametric study was performed to study the effect of different factors on the behaviour of FRP strengthened concrete columns.
Effects of modern military footwear on the oxygen costs of walking in US Army personnel

Abstract Warfighters complete strenuous physical activity on their feet throughout their military careers. While greater physiologic costs of walking have been demonstrated with older models of military combat boots versus running shoes, these quantitative differences may not be applicable for contemporary military footwear. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare physiological responses to walking when wearing modern military combat boots versus running shoes. In this randomized, counterbalanced crossover experiment, 34 active military personnel (29 men and 5 women; age, 26 ± 7 years; height, 1.74 ± 0.08 m; body mass, 77.9 ± 15.1 kg) completed an incremental walking test (4.18–7.08 km.h−1) on separate visits in running shoes (mass, 0.6 ± 0.1 kg) and military combat boots (mass, 1.2 ± 0.3 kg). Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and metabolic energy expenditure (Ṁ) measurements were collected and averaged over the final minute of each walking speed. The oxygen costs of walking were 6–9% higher when wearing combat boots versus running shoes (p < 0.01 for each comparison). Other cardiorespiratory indicators of exercise intensity, specifically V̇CO2, Ṁ, HR, and RR, increased by 2.7–9.9% (p < 0.02 for each indicator). Walking in modern military combat boots incurs noticeably increased metabolic and cardiorespiratory strain as compared to walking in running shoes. These physiological consequences emphasize the trade-off between the intended versatility and protective characteristics of military footwear and the economy of traditional running shoes. This strain must be considered when selecting footwear to maximize warfighter health and performance during military exercise interventions.
Reversal mechanisms and metastable states in magnetic nanoelements

Transmission electron microscopy and micromagnetic modeling have been used to study magnetization processes in small elongated magnetic elements with different end shapes. Their response to fields applied both parallel and perpendicular to the element long axes has been investigated with particular emphasis on the latter. A rich variety of magnetic states have been revealed and it is shown that very similarly shaped elements can respond quite differently; moreover the same element need not respond in the same way when subjected to repeated field cycles. The importance of thermal excitation and the resulting stability at remanence of the various metastable states observed is discussed.
Tackling wicked problems in performance management and governance of public health: an empirical analysis of COVID-19 vaccination strategies

PurposePublic health strategies and activities are intrinsically complex. According to the literature, this “wickedness” depends on the different interests and expectations of the stakeholders and the community, the fragmented governance of the related services and the challenges in measuring and assessing public health outcomes. Existent performance measures and management systems for public health are not designed to cope with wickedness since they are mainly focused on inputs and outputs, neglecting broader outcomes because of their long-term impact and the poor accountability of results. This research aims to tackle this shortfall by adopting a dynamic performance management (DPM) approach.Design/methodology/approachThis research explores the case of the vaccination campaign of a Regional Health System. Through the analysis of an illustrative case study, the research discusses both opportunities and limits of the proposed approach.FindingsThis research highlights that DPM supports performance management (PM) in wicked contexts, thanks to the adoption of a system-wide perspective and the possibility of using simulation to experiment with alternative strategies and benchmarking performance results with simulated trends.Originality/valueThis article tackles a gap related to the management of wicked problems both from a theory and a practical perspective. In particular, this research suggests the adoption of DPM as an approach that may support policymakers in tackling social pluralism, institutional complexity and scientific uncertainty all at once.