Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Implications of the Second-Person Perspective for Personhood. An Application to the case of Human Infants and Non-human Primates

This paper proposes an intermediate account of personhood, based on the capacity to participate in intersubjective interactions. We articulate our proposal as a reply to liberal and restrictive accounts, taking Mark Rowlands’ and Stephen Darwall’s proposals as contemporary representatives of each view, respectively. We argue that both accounts fall short of dealing with borderline cases and defend our intermediate view: The criteria of personhood based on the second-person perspective of mental state attribution. According to it, a person should be able to participate in intersubjective interactions. We apply our proposal to the borderline cases of non-human primates and human infants.
Electrodynamics with a Future Conformal Horizon

We investigate the impact of singularities occurring at future times in the Friedmann equations expressed in conformal coordinates to determine the consequences of extending the time coordinate through the singularity for the physics of matter and radiation occupying just one side. Mostly this involves investigation of the relationship between the metric with line element ds2 = a2(t)(dt2‐dx2) and time reversal symmetry within electrodynamics. It turns out compatibility between these two is possible only if there is a singular physical event at the time of the singularity or if the topology is not trivial. In both cases the singularity takes on the appearance of a time‐like mirror. We are able to demonstrate a relationship between the broken time symmetry in electrodynamics characterized by retarded radiation and radiation reaction and the absolute conformal time relative to the time of the singularity, i.e. between the Electromagnetic and Cosmological arrows of time. It is determined that the Wheeler‐Feyn.
Viscous Aubry-Mather theory and the Vlasov equation

The Vlasov equation models a group of particles moving under a potential $V$; moreover, each particle exerts a force, of potential $W$, on the other ones. We shall suppose that these particles move on the $p$-dimensional torus $T^p$ and that the interaction potential $W$ is smooth. We are going to perturb this equation by a Brownian motion on $T^p$; adapting to the viscous case methods of Gangbo, Nguyen, Tudorascu and Gomes, we study the existence of periodic solutions and the asymptotics of the Hopf-Lax semigroup.
Chitosan Nanoparticle And Its Application In Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery

This study's main goals are to give an overview of chitosan-based nanoparticles used in a variety of non-parenteral applications and to call attention to new research on mucoadhesive and sustained release chitosan dosage forms. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer that has been certified for use in wound dressings and is suitable for inclusion in human diets. For a variety of drug delivery methods, chitosan has been employed as a drug carrier in polymeric nanoparticles. Chitosan is a polymer with numerous possible uses since it has chemical functional groups that can be altered to serve particular purposes. The positive surface charges and mucoadhesive qualities of nanoparticles (np) made of chitosan and chitosan derivatives enable them to stick to mucous membranes and gradually release the therapeutic payload. This review will include examples of non-parenteral drug delivery techniques for treating eye infections, cancer, gastrointestinal disorders, pulmonary disorders, and cancer. Both in vitro and a few in vivo investigations show that chitosan has a low level of toxicity. This review looks at recent investigations on the characteristics, modifications, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and preclinical trials of nanoparticles (np) made of chitosan for non-parenteral drug delivery.
Knowledge spillovers from clean and emerging technologies in the UK

The UK government has committed to increase R&D support for clean technologies in an effort to meet its net-zero target by 2050. The opportunity cost of such programs crucially depends on the value of knowledge spillovers that accrue from clean relative to other (emerging) technologies. Using patent information to measure the value of direct and indirect knowledge spillovers, we derive estimates for the expected economic returns of subsidising a particular technology field. Our method allows comparing fields by the returns a hypothetical additional subsidy would have generated within the UK or globally. Clean technologies are top-ranked in terms of within-UK returns, with Tidal and Offshore Wind showing particularly high returns. In terms of global returns, emerging technologies such as Wireless, as well as Electrical Engineering outperform Clean by a small margin. We also find that cross-border knowledge spillovers are important for all technology fields, with global return rates over ten times larger than within-UK ones. In sum, our results suggest that the opportunity cost of R&D support programs for clean innovation in the UK is low at worst.
Colon targeted drug delivery systems: Based on Polymers

Research on colon-targeted polymers delivery systems is ongoing for conditions such ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, colon cancer, as well as the delivery of peptide or protein medications and vaccines. For colon-specific disorders in particular, focused nano-drug delivery to the colon is helpful because nanoparticles can build up in sick areas, improve therapeutic efficacies, and allow localized therapies, which lower systemic toxicity. The efficient delivery of NDDS to the colon, however, may be hampered by a number of obstacles, including burst drug release, enzyme and acidic degradation of drug and carrier in the stomach, pH fluctuations, mucus trapping, and systemic uptake in the upper small intestine. These obstacles might be surmounted with improvements in NDDS, resulting in effective drug delivery for colon-specific illnesses. This review provides an updated summary of recent advances in the development of orally administered NDDS for colon targeting and the future advancements in this research. It also discusses some potential colon-specific drug delivery areas, challenges faced by colon-targeted oral delivery systems, and potential drug delivery areas.
Zero-Sum Stopping Games with Asymmetric Information

We study a model of two-player, zero-sum, stopping games with asymmetric information. We assume that the payoff depends on two continuous-time Markov chains (X, Y), where X is only observed by player 1 and Y only by player 2, implying that the players have access to stopping times with respect to different filtrations. We show the existence of a value in mixed stopping times and provide a variational characterization for the value as a function of the initial distribution of the Markov chains. We also prove a verification theorem for optimal stopping rules which allows to construct optimal stopping times. Finally we use our results to solve explicitly two generic examples.
Genetic variation in two candidate genes against gastrointestinal parasites in Colombian Hair Sheep

Objective. To characterize two SNP-type genetic polymorphisms in the GLI1 (rs411868094) and IL20RA (rs419463995) genes, candidates for resistance against gastrointestinal parasites in two biotypes of Colombian hair sheep. Materials and methods. From the DNA bank of the Animal Genetics Laboratory of the University of Sucre, 167 samples, belonging to the Ethiopian (n=94) and Sudan (n=73) biotypes, were analyzed by PCR and subsequent bidirectional sequencing of two SNPs in the GLI1 (T>G) and IL20RA (G>A) genes. Allelic and genotypic frequencies, observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity, F index, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations (EHW) were calculated using the GENALEX version 6.5 program. Results. For the GLI1 locus , the mean genotypic frequencies were 0.155±0.07, 0.370±0.07, and 0.475±0.07 for GG, GT, and TT, respectively. In the Ethiopian biotype, the highest frequencies of the genotype of interest (GG) were found. For the IL20RA locus , the AA and AG genotypes had similar and the highest frequency (0.465±0.03) compared to the GG genotype (0.110±0.01). The genotype of interest at this locus (AA) was the most frequent in both OPC biotypes. Conclusions. The alleles of interest associated with low FEC had a low frequency for the GLI1 gene, but a high frequency for IL20RA. The Ethiopian OPC biotype showed the highest frequencies of the genotypes of interest.
Continuous Breuer-Major theorem for vector valued fields

Abstract Let be zero mean, mean-square continuous, stationary, Gaussian random field with covariance function and let such that G is square integrable with respect to the standard Gaussian measure and is of Hermite rank d. The Breuer-Major theorem in it’s continuous setting gives that, if then the finite dimensional distributions of converge to that of a scaled Brownian motion as Here we give a proof for the case when is a random vector field. We also give a proof for the functional convergence in of Zs to hold under the condition that for some p > 2, where γm denotes the standard Gaussian measure on and we derive expressions for the asymptotic variance of the second chaos component in the Wiener chaos expansion of
Mitigate the reverse effects of frost by cultivate tomato plants under different types of mesh cover for low tunnels

Tomato plants are highly sensitive to chilling stress so this experiment was conducted during successive winter seasons of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 to investigate the possibility of sustaining production and quality of tomato yield under cold conditions by using different types of mesh cover for low tunnels. Two commercial cultivars, i.e., Super gold F1 and Super streen F1 were used. Seedlings were transplanted under different types of mesh cover for low tunnels. Three types of mesh cover (63%, 65%, 73%) had done to cover the plants of all tested seasons compared to open field condition (control "Without cover"). Results show that significant differences were observed among the two hybrid varieties of tomato studied, in terms of their vegetative growth characteristics (plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and leaves area) as well as yield and fruit quality characteristics (Fruit set, total yield, firmness, T.S.S and Vit. C. ‘Super gold’ exhibited significantly higher values for these characteristics, compared to ‘Super strain B’. Chilling reduced the growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight) for control plants (without cover) compared to the coverage treatments (63%, 65%, 73%). Significant highest results in the growth, chemical composition of tomato leaves as well as yield and fruit quality parameters were obtained with covering tomato plants by white mesh cover 63% flowed by 65% of treatments which were best than the chilled plants. Concerning the interaction between hybrid varieties and covering treatments, it can be noticed that Cv. Super gold F1 which grown under white mesh cover 63% recorded a highly significant increases in plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight, leaves area, N, P, K, total chlorophyll, total proline, total sugers contents, fruit set, total yield, firmness, T.S. S and Vit. C. when compared to Cv. Super streen B F1 which grown in open field (without coverage).
A Global Convergence Theory of a Filter Line Search Method for Nonlinear Programming

A framework for proving global convergence for a class of line search ﬁlter type methods for nonlinear programming is presented. The underlying method is based on the dominance concept of multiobjective optimization where trial points are accepted provided there is a suﬃcient decrease in the objective function or constraints violation function. The proposed methods solve a sequence of quadratic programming subproblems for which eﬀective software is readily available, and instead of using trust region strategies, the methods utilize line search techniques to induce global convergence. The proof technique is presented in a fairly general context, allowing a range of spe-ciﬁc algorithm choices associated with choosing the Hessian matrix representation, controlling the step size and feasibility restoration.
The Quest for the Best Thread-Safe Java List

With most modern processors having more than one core, more resources become available to programs that can use these extra cores. This research shows which thread-safe Java List implementations are the best to use in programs with different ratios of read to write operations, evaluated based on the performance, energy consumption and memory usage. We found that two implementations outperform the others on all fronts, unless there are hundreds of times more read than write operations.
On Gauss Periods

Let $q$ be a prime power, and let $r=nk+1$ be a prime such that $r\nmid q$, where $n$ and $k$ are positive integers. Under a simple condition on $q$, $r$ and $k$, a Gauss period of type $(n,k)$ is a normal element of $\Bbb F_{q^n}$ over $\Bbb F_q$; the complexity of the resulting normal basis of $\Bbb F_{q^n}$ over $\Bbb F_q$ is denoted by $C(n,k;q)$. Recent works determined $C(n,k;q)$ for $k\le 7$ and all qualified $n$ and $q$. In this paper, we show that for any given $k>0$, $C(n,k;q)$ is given by an explicit formula except for finitely many primes $r=nk+1$ and the exceptional primes are easily determined. Moreover, we describe an algorithm that allows one to compute $C(n,k;q)$ for the exceptional primes $r=nk+1$. The numerical results of the paper cover $C(n,k;q)$ for $k\le 20$ and all qualified $n$ and $q$.
REVIEW: RESEARCH INTEREST SCORE IN RESEARCHGATE: THE SILVER BULLET OF SCIENTOMETRICS OR THE EMPEROR’S NEW CLOTHES?

Introduction: Scientists have long searched for the best way to evaluate scientific performance and have come up with numerous indices. Probably, the most famous index is the h-index, a metric that has been used widely in science metrics ever since it appeared. In this study, I evaluated the potential of the new metric Research Interest Score created by ResearchGate (RG). Methods: I analyzed the different metric indices for 88 most cited researchers at the University of Sarajevo. In particular, the number of citations and h-indexes were taken from the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for these researchers and were correlated with their Research Interest Scores. As a measure of correlation, Pearson correlation coefficients was used. In addition, I conducted a regression analysis to examine how scientometric indices from the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar predict the Research Interest Score. Results: The Research Interest Score was most strongly correlated with the number of Google Scholar Citations, followed by the Web of Science citations. Interestingly, the Research Interest Score was not highly correlated with any of the h-indexes. The regression model was statistically significant and explained 90% of the variance in the Research Interest Scores predicted by the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar metric indices. The strongest predictor of the Research Interest Score was the number of Google Scholar citations. Conclusions: The Research Interest Score, a new scientometric measure created by ResearchGate, certainly has a potential to be used as a valid measure of scientific impact.
Gram Spectrahedra.

Representations of nonnegative polynomials as sums of squares are central to real algebraic geometry and the subject of active research. The sum-of-squares representations of a given polynomial are parametrized by the convex body of positive semidefinite Gram matrices, called the Gram spectrahedron. This is a fundamental object in polynomial optimization and convex algebraic geometry. We summarize results on sums of squares that fit naturally into the context of Gram spectrahedra, present some new results, and highlight related open questions. We discuss sum-of-squares representations of minimal length and relate them to Hermitian Gram spectrahedra and point evaluations on toric varieties.
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in Developing Countries: Futurist Insights

In recent years, research into autonomous vehicles (AVs) has become highly popular in industrialized nations due to their importance in the future success of smart cities. Research on this mobility technology and the critical elements affecting its development in developing countries, however, has been rather limited. This paper aims to shed light on the most influential elements of AV adoption in developing nations. A structural analysis approach is used, based on the primary qualitative data—that was gathered via an expert-opinion poll utilizing the fuzzy Delphi with a snowballing method and engaging 25 experts in the field in two rounds—, in accordance with the tradition of futurist research. The analysis has led to the identification of 11 key factors, from the initial factor pool of 54, affecting AV adoption in the case study context of Iran. The results of the analysis revealed the following conclusions, that fall under the policy and legislation domain, and present the most significant issues impacting AV adoption: (a) Future orientation of government—consistency and of accountability of policies, the long-term vision of the government for developing AVs industry; (b) Managing the international sanctions for foreign investment, and; (c) Funding mega projects to enable AVs. The results indicate that the establishment of legislation and the formulation of government policy regarding the provision of infrastructure, investment, and credit allocation are crucial for the development of AVs in Iran and other developing nations with comparable characteristics.
Dimensions of multi-fan algebras

Given an arbitrary non-zero simplicial cycle and a generic vector coloring of its vertices, there is a way to produce a graded Poincare duality algebra associated with these data. The procedure relies on the theory of volume polynomials and multi-fans. This construction includes many important examples, such as cohomology of toric varieties and quasitoric manifolds, and Gorenstein algebras of triangulated homology manifolds, introduced by Novik and Swartz. In all these examples the dimensions of graded components of such duality algebras do not depend on the vector coloring. It was conjectured that the same holds for any simplicial cycle. We disprove this conjecture by showing that the colors of singular points of the cycle may affect the dimensions. However, the colors of smooth points are irrelevant. By using bistellar moves we show that the number of different dimension vectors arising on a given 3-dimensional pseudomanifold with isolated singularities is a topological invariant. This invariant is trivial on manifolds, but nontrivial in general.
Topological properties of P.A. random graphs with edge-step functions

In this work we investigate a preferential attachment model whose parameter is a function f : N → [0, 1] that drives the asymptotic proportion between the numbers of vertices and edges of the graph. We investigate topological features of the graphs, proving general bounds for the diameter and the clique number. Our results regarding the diameter are sharp when f is a regularly varying function at infinity with strictly negative index of regular variation −γ. For this particular class, we prove a characterization for the diameter that depends only on −γ. More specifically, we prove that the diameter of such graphs is of order 1/γ with high probability, although its vertex set order goes to infinity polynomially. Sharp results for the diameter for a wide class of slowly varying functions are also obtained. The almost sure convergence for the properly normalized logarithm of the clique number of the graphs generated by slowly varying functions is also proved.
Using Computer Vision and Machine Learning Based Methods for Plant Monitoring in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

Within food production in agriculture, different sensor networks are used to manage and monitor different processes, ranging from the presence of certain plant nutrients in soil to the presence of pests to determine plant health and to increase yields. Some limitations exist on how it is possible to use these sensor devices to monitor plant environments, for example it is not possible to attach or use one sensor for each plant. These monitoring tools and methods need to be scalable and affordable so they can be expedient in future farms. The potential exists to use already gathered data to combine or fuse different data and make sensors that are used in food production more effective and reduce costs in the process and help farmers to make more informed decisions. This literature review study investigates machine learning and computer vision based research that can be used within monitoring in IoT sensor network architectures with an aim to reduce the physical sensor devices needed in data gathering processes and to reduce the overall cost of IoT network implementation in agricultural farms which are growing food. Different machine learning and deep learning architectures in this context already have been implemented successfully to achieve a high accuracy in data forecast and image processing tasks.
Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Phytosomes Administered via Intervaginal Space Injection Ameliorate Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal interstitial disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and differentiation and abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix, with high mortality and an increasing annual incidence. Since few drugs are available for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, there is an urgent need for high-efficiency therapeutic drugs and treatment methods to reduce the mortality associated with pulmonary fibrosis. The interstitium, a highly efficient transportation system that pervades the body, plays an important role in the occurrence and development of disease, and can be used as a new route for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the administration of hydroxysafflor yellow A phytosomes via intervaginal space injection (ISI) as an anti-pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Our results show that this therapeutic strategy blocked the activation of p38 protein in the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway and inhibited the expression of Smad3 protein in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, thereby reducing secretion of related inflammatory factors, deposition of collagen in the lungs of mice, and destruction of the alveolar structure. Use of ISI in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis provides a potential novel therapeutic modality for the disease.
Multi-objective Automatic Design of Permanent Magnet Motor Using Monte Carlo Tree Search

This paper proposes a novel multi-objective design method of permanent magnet (PM) motor using Mote Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). In this method, the whole machine structure of a PM motor, such as the number of poles and magnet configuration, and detailed magnetic structure are simultaneously optimized. The proposed method is shown to give Pareto solutions that consist of PM motors with different number of poles and magnet configuration.
Surgeries, sharp 4–manifolds and the Alexander
polynomial

Let $Y$ be an $L$-space obtained by $p/q$-surgery on a knot in $K\subseteq S^3$. Ozsv\'ath and Szab\'o have shown that the Heegaard Floer homology of $Y$ is determined by the surgery coefficient and the Alexander polynomial of $K$. In this paper, we prove a result in the opposite direction. We show that if $Y$ bounds a sharp 4-manifold and the surgery slope exceeds $4g(K)+4$, then the Alexander polynomial of $K$ is uniquely determined by $Y$ and $p/q$. We also show that if $S^3_{p/q}(K)$ bounds a sharp 4-manifold, then $S^3_{p'/q'}(K)$ bounds a sharp 4-manifold for all $p'/q'\geq p/q$. As an application, we extend work of Ni and Zhang on characterizing slopes of torus knots.