Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PopIII signatures in the spectra of PopII/I GRBs

We investigate signatures of Population III (PopIII) stars in the metal-enriched environment of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originating from Population II-I (PopII/I) stars by using abundance ratios derived from numerical simulations that follow stellar evolution and chemical enrichment. We find that at z > 10 more than 10 per cent of PopII/I GRBs explode in a medium previously enriched by PopIII stars (we refer to them as GRBII -> III). Although the formation of GRBII -> III is more frequent than that of pristine PopIII GRBs (GRBIIIs), we find that the expected GRBII -> III observed rate is comparable to that of GRBIIIs, due to the usually larger luminosities of the latter. GRBII. III events take place preferentially in small protogalaxies with stellar masses M-star similar to 10(4.5) - 10(7) M-circle dot, star formation rates SFR similar to 10(-3) - 10(-1) M-circle dot yr(-1) and metallicities Z similar to 10(-4) - 10(-2) Z(circle dot). On the other hand, galaxies with Z < 10(-2.8) Z(circle dot) are dominated by metal enrichment from PopIII stars and should preferentially host GRBII. III. Hence, measured GRB metal content below this limit could represent a strong evidence of enrichment by pristine stellar populations. We discuss how to discriminate PopIII metal enrichment on the basis of various abundance ratios observable in the spectra of GRBs' afterglows. By employing such analysis, we conclude that the currently known candidates at redshift z similar or equal to 6 - i.e. GRB 050904 and GRB 130606A - are likely not originated in environments pre-enriched by PopIII stars. Abundance measurements for GRBs at z similar or equal to 5 - such as GRB 100219A and GRB 111008A - are still poor to draw definitive conclusions, although their hosts seem to be dominated by PopII/I pollution and do not show evident signatures of massive PopIII pre-enrichment.
Defensive patterns of chestnut genotypes (Castanea spp.) against the gall wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus

Plants draw from various genetically controlled defenses to protect against herbivores and pathogens. The efficacy of alternative defenses can vary with the biology and phylogeny of the enemy. Dryocosmus kuriphilus, an invasive gall maker native to China, has become one of the main pests of chestnut trees around the world. We studied genetic variation in resistance and susceptibility to D. kuriphilus within a replicated blocked planting of 12 chestnut genotypes established in Galicia, Spain in 2004. We found very high genetic variation in susceptibility to D. kuriphilus. We evaluated if the variation was due to host selection by the wasp, differential efficacy of inducible defenses in the trees, or variability in susceptibility of the plant to manipulation by the gallmaker. We assessed host selection by counting number of eggs laid by females in tree buds and comparing preferences with phytochemistry. We also measured inducible changes in phytochemistry within and around galls, gall physical characteristics, parasitism, and insect fitness. The effective defense mechanisms in resistant genotypes involved (1) hypersensitive reactions to eggs or neonates within buds and (2) early precise abscission of nascent galls from expanding leaves. Surprisingly, the genetic resistance to D. kuriphilus of the chestnut genotypes we tested was not related to phenols, terpenes, and primary nutrition.
Patterns of Systemic Disease Diagnoses among Medical Professionals in Taiwan: Statistical Analysis and Data Mining

Introduction: Although high-risk work environments and heavy workload expose medical professionals to long-term risks of disease, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted on the corresponding risks of diseases to each type of medical professionals. This study pre-analyzed the risks of medical professionals in developing various systemic diseases in Taiwan to provide a comprehensive examination of the differences between each type of systemic disease. Methods: From the secondary databases of 2002–2013, 15,407 medical professionals were selected for analysis. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were performed to identify the relationship between types of medical professionals and systemic diseases. The life trajectories of diagnosis sequence of the medical professionals were illustrated accordingly. Results: The physicians were the most vulnerable to infectious, parasitic, and digestive diseases. This was possibly associated with their work characteristics and occupational risks. Conclusion: According to the life trajectories, all types of the medical professionals exhibited a similar trend in the orders of risks to each type of systemic disease, which suggests that their work environment exposes them to real risks of health hazard.
Central versus Peripheral CTEPH—Clinical and Hemodynamic Specifications

Background and Objectives: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a chronic progressive disease, resulting from persistent arterial obstruction combined with small-vessel remodeling. Central and peripheral CTEPH are distinguished, according to the dominant lesion’s location. This is important for surgical or percutaneous interventional assessment or for medical treatment. Material and Methods: Eighty-one patients (51 male/30 female) with confirmed CTEPH were analyzed, while the CENTRAL type included 51 patients (63%) and the PERIPHERAL type 30 patients (37%). Results: A significant difference in CENTRAL type vs. PERIPHERAL type was determined in gender (male 72.5% vs. 46.7%; p = 0.0198). No difference was found in age, functional status, or echocardiographic parameters. Invasive hemodynamic parameters showed a significant difference in mean pulmonary arterial pressure (46 vs. 58 mmHg; p = 0.0002), transpulmonary gradient (34 vs. 47 mmHg; p = 0.0005), and cardiac index (2.04 vs. 2.5 L.min.m2; p = 0.02) but not in pulmonary vascular resistance. Risk factors showed a significant difference only in acute pulmonary embolism (93.8% vs. 60%; p = 0.0002) and malignancy (2% vs. 13.3%; p = 0.0426). Conclusions: Our study showed hemodynamic differences between CENTRAL type vs. PERIPHERAL type CTEPH with a worse hemodynamic picture in CENTRAL form. This may indicate a different pathophysiological response and/or possible additional influences contributing especially to the peripheral pulmonary bed affection.
Modeling and Applying Implicit Dormant Features for Recommendation via Clustering and Deep Factorization

E-commerce systems experience poor quality of performance when the number of records in the customer database increases due to the gradual growth of customers and products. Applying implicit hidden features into the recommender system (RS) plays an important role in enhancing its performance due to the original dataset’s sparseness. In particular, we can comprehend the relationship between products and customers by analyzing the hierarchically expressed hidden implicit features of them. Furthermore, the effectiveness of rating prediction and system customization increases when the customer-added tag information is combined with hierarchically structured hidden implicit features. For these reasons, we concentrate on early grouping of comparable customers using the clustering technique as a first step, and then, we further enhance the efficacy of recommendations by obtaining implicit hidden features and combining them via customer’s tag information, which regularizes the deep-factorization procedure. The idea behind the proposed method was to cluster customers early via a customer rating matrix and deeply factorize a basic WNMF (weighted nonnegative matrix factorization) model to generate customers preference’s hierarchically structured hidden implicit features and product characteristics in each cluster, which reveals a deep relationship between them and regularizes the prediction procedure via an auxiliary parameter (tag information). The testimonies and empirical findings supported the viability of the proposed approach. Especially, MAE of the rating prediction was 0.8011 with 60% training dataset size, while the error rate was equal to 0.7965 with 80% training dataset size. Moreover, MAE rates were 0.8781 and 0.9046 in new 50 and 100 customer cold-start scenarios, respectively. The proposed model outperformed other baseline models that independently employed the major properties of customers, products, or tags in the prediction process.
Projective Differential Geometry Old and New: From the Schwarzian Derivative to the Cohomology of Diffeomorphism Groups

Preface: why projective? 1. Introduction 2. The geometry of the projective line 3. The algebra of the projective line and cohomology of Diff(S1) 4. Vertices of projective curves 5. Projective invariants of submanifolds 6. Projective structures on smooth manifolds 7. Multi-dimensional Schwarzian derivatives and differential operators Appendix 1. Five proofs of the Sturm theorem Appendix 2. The language of symplectic and contact geometry Appendix 3. The language of connections Appendix 4. The language of homological algebra Appendix 5. Remarkable cocycles on groups of diffeomorphisms Appendix 6. The Godbillon-Vey class Appendix 7. The Adler-Gelfand-Dickey bracket and infinite-dimensional Poisson geometry Bibliography Index.
A Critical Review of Existing Test-Methods for External Sulfate Attack

External sulfate attack (ESA) of cementitious materials has been studied worldwide for a very long time. This physical/chemical interaction between sulfate ions and the cement hardened elements affects the long-term durability of concrete structures: cracking, spalling or strength loss of concrete structures. To study these damaging phenomena, some standardized and non-standardized accelerated aging tests are used to evaluate the performance of cements in sulfate-rich environments. However, these existing methods do not adequately predict field performance and some shortcomings or deficiencies still exist: change of degradation mechanisms when using high concentrations of sulfate, variable boundary conditions and small specimens compared to the real concrete structures. In this work, a critical review of some existing test methods and foreign national standard methods for ESA are presented, analyzed, and discussed. This results in some proposed recommendations for improving these methods to meet the needs of structure managers.
Generalized Israel junction conditions for a Gauss-Bonnet brane world

In spacetimes of dimension greater than four it is natural to consider higher order (in R) corrections to the Einstein equations. In this letter generalized Israel junction conditions for a membrane in such a theory are derived. This is achieved by generalising the Gibbons-Hawking boundary term. The junction conditions are applied to simple brane world models, and are compared to the many contradictory results in the literature.
Quantum interferometry in multimode systems

We consider the situation when the signal propagating through each arm of an interferometer has a complicated multi-mode structure. We find the relation between the particle-entanglement and the possibility to surpass the shot-noise limit of the phase estimation. Our results are general---they apply to pure and mixed states of identical and distinguishable particles (or combinations of both), for a fixed and fluctuating number of particles. We also show that the method for detecting the entanglement often used in two-mode system can give misleading results when applied to the multi-mode case.
Classification of recyclable waste using deep learning architectures

Managing waste in big cities is a big problem. Wastes are dangerous in terms of causing environmental pollution and affecting human health. In particular, solid wastes such as glass and plastic do not dissolve in the soil for a long time and pollute the environment. By recycling such solid wastes, the surrounding waste can be reduced. Therefore, it is important to classify waste and to recycle the separated waste. In this study, a data set consisting of 22500 waste images was used. The data set contains color image data with a size of 227 x 227 pixels. The data used in the study are divided into two as organic and recyclable waste. This study proposes a deep learning-based system for classifying waste. With such a system, wastes can be classified and recycled. The data was trained with the ResNet 50 architecture and the CNN architecture created to classify waste, and accuracy rates were compared. The CNN architecture created to classify waste is more successful for this data set with an accuracy rate of 91.84%.
Conceptualizing Value Creation in the Platform Era

Platforms have entered many industries and increasingly dominate markets. As such, they increasingly displace the traditional linear pipeline model of value creation with a web of value-creating interactions among three key players: the platform provider, platform consumers and platform suppliers. Existing conceptualizations of consumer value, however, are still based in the linear pipeline world which raises the need to update these frameworks to the platform era. In this article, we make first important strides towards an overarching platform-based valuation framework which can be applied to any type of platform. We build upon Kumar et al. (2010) by applying and extending the concept of customer engagement value to the platform context. In doing so, we delineate a variety of value components that (a) originate from a platform’s consumers as well as suppliers, (b) generate monetary and non-monetary value for the platform provider, and (c) generate direct and indirect value for the platform provider. Together, these value components holistically capture platform participants’ value creation and assist managers in evaluating the health and sustainability of their platforms.
Development of magnetic system with high-anisotropy localized magnetic field for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

In this paper magnetic system with a localized high-intensity magnetic field due to giant magnetic anisotropy magnets was proposed for THz time-domain spectroscopy. The magnetic system consists of two hemispheres which are made from two types of magnets. The both hemispheres will be used for an improvement of THz generation and one hemisphere will be used for investigation of spectral and optical properties of an object at strong magnetic field. The proposed magnetic system was numerically calculated in COMSOL MultiPhysics using AC/DC Module. These results may be used for development of real magnetic THz time-domain spectroscopy system.
Synergistic Effect of Supercritical and Ultrasound-Assisted Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extracts

Proper processing of natural material is crucial to obtain an extract with high content of biologically active components. Dried, grinded ginger roots were extracted by ultrasonic method and supercritical extraction with CO2. The aim of the study was to determine if a mixture of the two types of extracts attained by different methods and solvents exhibits better bioavailability than each extract itself. Therefore, both extracts were analytically evaluated and then mixed in a ratio of 1:1. The supercritical extract (SCG extract) and the mixed extract (mixG extract) had high antioxidant activity (78% and 73%) and total phenols (827 mg/g ext. and 1455 mg/g ext.), which is also consistent with the levels of gingerol (303 mg/g ext. and 271 g/g ext.) and shogaol (111 mg/g ext. and 100 g/g ext.) in the extracts. In comparison to both pure extracts higher levels of total phenols were found in the extract mixG. This could be the reason for the significant inhibition of melanoma cells and antimicrobial potential (against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans). The combination of the extracts resulted in a significant increase in the inhibition of selected microbial and melanoma cells WM-266-4 compared to the control. Cell viability decreased below 60% when mixG extract was applied. Antimicrobial activity has been confirmed.
Limited eye movement caused by clumping of fibrin glue used in blowout fracture surgery: a care report

Fibrin glue is a topical agent widely used for hemostasis, wound healing, and surgical adhesion. Complications of fibrin glue itself are extremely rare because it is absorbed over time, but can occur as a result of inappropriate application. We report a case of a postoperative complication caused by inappropriate application of fibrin glue in blow-out fracture surgery. A 65-year-old male patient presented with periorbital swelling and an open wound on the right infraorbital area. Computed tomography showed a right orbital floor fracture. After reduction of the herniated tissue into the orbit, an implant was inserted and fibrin glue was applied to stabilize the implant. This procedure was performed without difficulty, but the patient complained of persistent diplopia and limited eyeball movement after surgery. An imaging study showed a mass-like lesion, which was not a hematoma, in the orbital cavity. In a second operation, the mass was identified as clotted fibrin glue that had not been applied properly. After removal, the patient’s symptoms were relieved without further complications. Appropriate and careful application of fibrin glue is necessary to avoid unnecessary complications.
Networks and Poisson line patterns : fluctuation asymptotics

In [1] it was shown how to construct networks connecting arbitrary configurations xn of n cities in a square of area n which for example (i) involve only en more total network length than the Euclidean Steiner tree connecting all n cities, and yet (ii) establish a network connection length between two randomly chosen cities which is on average only O(log n) more than average Euclidean connection length [1, Theorem 3, version (b)]. Moreover, under a certain quantitative equidistribution condition on the city locations xn (which can be phrased either analytically or in terms of a truncated Wasserstein coupling between a randomly chosen city and the uniform distribution on the square), a complementary result shows that for O(n) total connection length the average network connection length must have an excess over the average Euclidean connection length of at least Ω(√log n) [1, Theorem 5]. The methods of proof involve stochastic geometry: in the case of the lower bound [1, Theorem 5] the idea is to associate the uniform choice of two cities with approximately uniform random lines, and then to use simple ideas from stereology. In the case of the upper bound [1, Theorem 3] one augments the Euclidean Steiner tree by a sparse Poisson line process, to obtain good long-distance communication, and adds an additional relatively infinitesimal amount of additional connectivity, to ensure efficient passage from Steiner tree to line process network.
Medium-Resolution Near-Infrared (2.15-2.35 micron) Spectroscopy of Late-Type Main-Sequence Stars

We present an atlas of moderate resolution ($\lambda/\Delta\lambda\sim$1380) 2.15~\micron\ to 2.39~\micron\ spectra of 33 luminosity class V stars of spectral type F3 to M6 in the MK classification system. We find that the equivalent widths of several spectral features vary significantly with temperature and typically allow effective temperature determination accurate to approximately $\pm$350~K.
Measuring the orbit shrinkage rate of hot Jupiters due to tides

A tidal interaction between a star and a close-in exoplanet leads to shrinkage of the planetary orbit and eventual tidal disruption of the planet. Measuring the shrinkage of the orbits will allow for the tidal quality parameter of the star ($Q'_\star$) to be measured, which is an important parameter to obtain information about stellar interiors. We analyse data from TESS for two targets known to host close-in hot Jupiters, WASP-18 and WASP-19, to measure the current limits on orbital period variation and provide new constrains on $Q'_\star$. We modelled the transit shape using all the available TESS observations and fitted the individual transit times of each transit. We used previously published transit times together with our results to fit two models, a constant period model, and a quadratic orbital decay model, MCMC algorithms. We find period change rates of $(-0.11\pm0.21)\times10^{-10}$ for WASP-18b and $(-0.35\pm0.22)\times10^{-10}$ for WASP-19b and we do not find significant evidence of orbital decay in these targets. We obtain new lower limits for $Q'_\star$ of $(1.42\pm0.34)\times10^7$ in WASP-18 and $(1.26\pm0.10)\times10^6$ in WASP-19, corresponding to upper limits of the orbital decay rate of $-0.45\times10^{-10}$ and $-0.71\times10^{-10}$, respectively, with a 95% confidence level. We compare our results with other relevant targets for tidal decay studies. We find that the orbital decay rate in both WASP-18b and WASP-19b appears to be smaller than the measured orbital decay of WASP-12b. We show that the minimum value of $Q'_\star$ in WASP-18 is two orders of magnitude higher than that of WASP-12, while WASP-19 has a minimum value one order of magnitude higher, which is consistent with other similar targets. Further observations are required to constrain the orbital decay of WASP-18 and WASP-19.
An Automatic Method for Assessing Spiking of Tibial Tubercles Associated with Knee Osteoarthritis

Efficient and scalable early diagnostic methods for knee osteoarthritis are desired due to the disease’s prevalence. The current automatic methods for detecting osteoarthritis using plain radiographs struggle to identify the subjects with early-stage disease. Tibial spiking has been hypothesized as a feature of early knee osteoarthritis. Previous research has demonstrated an association between knee osteoarthritis and tibial spiking, but the connection to the early-stage disease has not been investigated. We study tibial spiking as a feature of early knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, we develop a deep learning based model for detecting tibial spiking from plain radiographs. We collected and graded 913 knee radiographs for tibial spiking. We conducted two experiments: experiments A and B. In experiment A, we compared the subjects with and without tibial spiking using Mann-Whitney U-test. Experiment B consisted of developing and validating an interpretative deep learning based method for predicting tibial spiking. The subjects with tibial spiking had more severe Kellgren-Lawrence grade, medial joint space narrowing, and osteophyte score in the lateral tibial compartment. The developed method achieved an accuracy of 0.869. We find tibial spiking a promising feature in knee osteoarthritis diagnosis. Furthermore, the detection can be automatized.
Chemical localization

The possibility that, in spite of high valence electron concentrations, metal–insulator transitions can in principle occur in materials composed of atoms of only metallic elements is demonstrated based on the analysis of experimental data. For such a transition to occur, stable atomic configurations forming deep potential wells capable of trapping dozens of valence electrons should appear in the system. This means, in essence, that bulk metallic medium transforms into an assembly of identical quantum dots. Depending on the parameters, such a material either does contain delocalized electrons (metal) or does not contain such electrons (insulator). The degree of disorder is one of these parameters. Two types of substances with such properties are discussed: liquid binary alloys with both components being metallic, and thermodynamically stable quasicrystals.