Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishing the relationship between MRI and histological tonsil size measurement in patients undergoing tonsillectomy: Our experience in 11 patients

Asymmetry of palatine tonsils is considered to be an indication for tonsillectomy. The asymmetry is the most common clinical sign of tonsil lymphoma in children and is detected in as much as 72.7% of patients. In adults, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oropharyngeal malignancy. Tonsillar asymmetry can be described as any notable difference in size between the rightand left-sided tonsils. Otolaryngologists comment on asymmetry using classification systems such as Brodsky score following clinical examination. Although squamous cell carcinomas usually present with ulceration of the mucosa, non-epidermoid malignancy of the tonsils often has a normal mucosa and asymmetry may be the only presenting feature of tonsillar lymphoma Asymmetrical tonsillar enlargement was, in fact, the only presenting complaint in two out of six lymphoma cases studied by Dolev et al. in their series. Multiple studies have revealed that the clinical observation of tonsillar asymmetry is not reflective of the true asymmetry of the palatine tonsils following their excision. It appears that clinically assessed tonsil size has a limited accuracy due to differences in depth of the tonsillar fossa. Therefore, tonsils on opposite sides may simply be positioned differently (i.e. more medial position) rather than having true asymmetry in size. There is a need for a more accurate method of establishing tonsil size, asymmetry between each side and consequently reducing unnecessary tonsillectomies. We, therefore, undertook this study to investigate if the palatine tonsil size measurement with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) corresponds to histological measurements to identify cases that are truly asymmetrical in size and therefore improve patient selection for diagnostic tonsillectomy.
VAuLT: Augmenting the Vision-and-Language Transformer with the Propagation of Deep Language Representations

We propose the Vision-and-Augmented-Language Trans-former ( VAuLT ). VAuLT is an extension of the popular Vision-and-Language Transformer (ViLT), and improves performance on vision-and-language tasks that involve more complex text inputs than image captions while having minimal impact on training and inference efﬁciency. ViLT, importantly, enables efﬁcient training and inference in vision-and-language tasks, achieved by using a shallow image encoder. However, it is pretrained on captioning and similar datasets, where the language input is simple, literal, and descriptive, therefore lacking linguistic diversity. So, when working with multimedia data in the wild, such as multimodal social media data (in our work, Twitter), there is a notable shift from captioning language data, as well as diversity of tasks, and we indeed ﬁnd evidence that the language capacity of ViLT is lacking instead. The key insight of VAuLT is to propagate the output representations of a large language model like BERT to the language input of ViLT. We show that such a strategy signiﬁcantly improves over ViLT on vision-and-language tasks involving richer language inputs and affective constructs, such as TWITTER-2015, TWITTER-2017, MVSA-Single and MVSA-Multiple, but lags behind pure reasoning tasks such as the Bloomberg Twitter Text-Image Relationship dataset. We have released the code for all our experiments at https://github.com/gchochla/VAuLT.
The Survey of Centaurus A's Baryonic Structures (SCABS) – II. The extended globular cluster system of NGC 5128 and its nearby environment

Wide-field $u'g'r'i'z'$ Dark Energy Camera observations centred on the giant elliptical galaxy NGC5128 covering $\sim21deg^2$ are used to compile a new catalogue of $\sim3200$ globular clusters (GCs). We report 2404 new candidates, including the vast majority within $\sim140$kpc of NGC5128. We find evidence for a transition at a galactocentric radius of $R_{\rm gc}\approx55$kpc from GCs intrinsic to NGC5128 to those likely to have been accreted from dwarf galaxies or that may transition to the intra-group medium of the Centaurus A galaxy group. We fit power-law surface number density profiles of the form $\Sigma_{N, R_{\rm gc}}\propto R_{\rm gc}^\Gamma$ and find that inside the transition radius, the red GCs are more centrally concentrated than the blue, with $\Gamma_{\rm inner,red}\approx-1.78$ and $\Gamma_{\rm inner,blue}\approx-1.40$. Outside this region both profiles flatten, more dramatically for the red GCs ($\Gamma_{\rm outer,red}\approx-0.33$) compared to the blue ($\Gamma_{\rm outer,blue}\approx-0.61$), although the former is more likely to suffer contamination by background sources. The median $(g'\! -\! z')_0\! =\! 1.27$mag colour of the inner red population is consistent with arising from the amalgamation of two giant galaxies each less luminous than present-day NGC5128. Both in- and out-ward of the transition radius, we find the fraction of blue GCs to dominate over the red GCs, indicating a lively history of minor-mergers. Assuming the blue GCs to originate primarily in dwarf galaxies, we model the population required to explain them, while remaining consistent with NGC5128's present-day spheroid luminosity. We find that several dozen dwarfs of luminosities $L_{dw,V}\simeq10^{6-9.3}L_{V,\odot}$, following a Schechter luminosity function with a faint-end slope of $-1.50\leq\alpha\leq-1.25$ is favoured, many of which may have already been disrupted in NGC5128's tidal field.
Portraying Information Systems as a Member of Various Asterisms in the Galaxy of Science

The discipline of Information Systems is often viewed as a social science. Information Systems research and teaching pertain to the management and sociological issues of the computing field. It also includes programming and systems analysis, design and development. It is, therefore, challenging to plot Information Systems on a continuum of disciplinary clusters. Depending on the viewpoint held on the scientific world, the groups of disciplines take on different forms. Although metaphors are often used in Information Systems to portray complex ideas in understandable ways, only a few papers could be found that explain the interdisciplinary nature of the discipline metaphorically. To fill this gap, this article uses the astronomical concepts of galaxy, constellation and asterism to explain the place of Information Systems within the scientific domain. An asterism is a grouping of stars which may be part of various constellations. Six different Information Systems asterisms are proposed. The conceptual reflection in the article offers a fresh perspective on the interdisciplinary nature of Information Systems to the philosophy of science. The article illustrates the proposed metaphors with some existing examples to validate the concept. Suggestions for future research are also provided.
DETECTING FRAUDULENT OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS USING FRAUD S.C.O.R.E MODEL AND FINANCIAL DISTRESS

The problem of fraud in financial statements is a global problem that has crossed borders of time and country. This research was created to prevent fraud by detecting financial statements listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The fraud detection tools used in this research are F-S.C. O.R. E and Financial Distress. S.C. O.R. E stands for Stimulus, Capability, Opportunity, Rationalization, and Ego, which are supporting variables in detecting fraud. The research results show that Stimulus, Capability, and Financial Distress effectively detect fraud. Fraud detection in the research concluded that companies that have strong indications of committing fraud are companies categorized in industrials in the IDX Industrial Classification.
Normalisation holomorphe d'algèbres de type Cartan de champs de vecteurs holomorphes singuliers

Nous montrons un resultat de normalisation holomorphe d'une famille commutative de champs de vecteurs holomorphes au voisinage de leur point singulier commun. Pour ce faire, nous supposons qu'une condition diophanti- enne portant sur une algebre de Lie commutative de champs lineaires associee est satisfaite. D'autre part, nous imposons certaines conditions algebriques sur leur forme normale formelle. Les champs d'une telle famille, sauf un, peuvent ne pas avoir de partie lineaire a l'origine. Abstract We consider a commutative family of holomorphic vector fields in a neigh- bourhood of a common singular point, say 0 E Cn. Let g be a commuta- tive complex Lie algebra of dimension 1. Let A1,. , An E * and let us set S(g) = l Ai(g)xi ' . We assume that this Lie morphism is diophantine in some sense. Let X1 be a holomorphic vector fields in a neighbourhood of 0 E Cn. We assume that its linear part s is regular relative to S, that it belongs to S(g) and has the same formal centralizer as S. Let X2,. , Xi be holomorphic vector fields vanishing at 0 and commuting with X1. Then there exists a formal diffeomorphism of (Cn,O) such that the family of vector fields are in normal form in these formal coordinates. This means that each element of the family commutes with s. We assume that the normal forms of the Xi's belong to 0S 0 S(g) (OS is the ring of formal first integral of S). We also assume that the family of lowest order parts of the normal forms is free over (9S. Then, we show that there exists a holomorphic diffeomorphism of (Cn, 0) which transforms the family into a normal form. The elements of the family,
Expression of Concern: Characterization of a Subunit of the Outer Dynein Arm Docking Complex Necessary for Correct Flagellar Assembly in Leishmania donovani

During editorial follow-up, the last author supported the conclusion reported in [1] that the “polyclonal chicken antiserum generated against rLdDC2 detected a band with an estimated size of about 73 kDa that was exclusive to the promastigote stage (day 0) of the parasite”, and stated that the light bands in lanes d2 and d3 of the underlying blot for Figure 2B (S1 File) are known non-specific cross-reactions that frequently appear at that mass even in the absence of the target antigen. Replicate blots for Figure 2B from the time of the original experiments are provided here in S2 and S3 Files. The authors also provided the following information about the production and validation of the antibodies: First, the pre-immune serum is checked for possible cross-reactivities or non-specificities. If the pre-immune serum is clean, the corresponding animal is immunized according to the scheme given in article [1] and the antibodies are purified. The antibodies are tested by western blot against the recombinant protein. If this is not yet detected, further booster immunization follows. Subsequently, the serum is checked again for recognition of the putative target in corresponding extracts (from Leishmania). A titration to optimize recognition by the antibody is performed. For the immunofluorescence tests, additional controls are performed with only the first or second antibody. The immune serum reacts with the recombinant protein (CAB). An Academic Editor reviewed the data and advised that the presence of a signal in lanes containing amastigote cells lacking flagella in the underlying blot for Figure 2B (S1 File) raises a concern about the support for the conclusion that this protein is only found in the promastigote stage of the parasite expressing a flagellum, but also noted it is possible that the additional bands are due to a non-specific interaction with another protein. The consulting Academic Editor further noted that the immunohistochemical staining of the flagella of promastigotes with the same antisera in Figure 3 of [1] appears to show staining predominantly in the cell PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
A Primer of Lisrel: Basic Applications and Programming for Confirmatory Factor Analytic Models

Section I Introduction. - 1 The LISREL Confirmatory Factor Analytic (CFA) Model. - 1. Basic Concepts. - 2. The General LISREL Model. - 3. The LISREL CFA Model. - 4. Summary. - 2 Using the LISREL Program. - LISREL Input. - 1. Basic Rules. - 2. Problem Run Specification. - 3. Data Specification. - 4. Model Specification. - 5. Output Specification. - LISREL Output. - 1. Standard Output. - 2. Error Messages. - Summary. - Section II Single-Group Analyses. - 3 Application 1: Validating a Theoretical Construct. - Hypothesis 1: Self-Concept Is a Four-Factor Structure. - 1. LISREL Input. - 2. LISREL Output. - 3. The Issue of Post Hoc Model Fitting. - Hypothesis 2: Self-Concept Is a Two-Factor Structure. - Hypothesis 3: Self-Concept Is a One-Factor Structure. - Summary. - 4 Application 2: Validating a Measuring Instrument. - 1. The SDQIII: The Measuring Instrument Under Study. - 2. LISREL Input. - 3. LISREL Output. - 4. Post Hoc Analyses. - 5. Summary. - 5 Validating Multiple Traits Assessed by Multiple Methods: The Multitrait-Multimethod Framework. - 1. Assessment of Contruct Validity: The MTMM Matrix. - 2. LISREL Input. - 3. LISREL Output. - 4. Comparison of MTMM Models. - 5. Summary. - Section III Multigroup Analyses. - 6 Testing for Measurement and Structural Invariance of a Theoretical Construct. - 1. Testing for Factorial Invariance: The General Framework. - 2. Tests for Invariance Related to Self-Concept. - 3. LISREL Input for Multigroup Analyses. - 4. Testing Hypotheses Related to Factorial Invariance. - 5. Summary. - 7 Testing for Item Invariance of a Measuring Instrument. - 1. Tests for Invariance Related to the SDQIII. - 2. Tests for Invariance Across Ability. - 3. Summary. - 8 Testing for Invariant Latent Mean Structures. - 1. Tests for Invariance Related to Latent Self-Concept Means. - 2. Testing for the Invariance of Factor Covariance Structures. - 3. Testing for the Invariance of Factor Mean Structures. - 4. Summary. - References. - Appendix: Description of Data and Measuring Instruments.
Linking changes in quality of life to haematologic response and survival in systemic immunoglobulin light‐chain amyloidosis

This study reports health‐related quality of life (HRQL) among newly‐diagnosed immunoglobulin light‐chain (AL) patients (n = 914) treated with a bortezomib‐based regimen and its association with response depth and survival. Haematologic response/HRQL were assessed over 24 months in an ongoing, prospective study. HRQL change was calculated across haematologic/cardiac response levels. The relationship between baseline HRQL and survival was evaluated by the Cox proportional‐hazard model (PH). Shared‐random‐effects models (SREMs) estimated time‐to‐death conditional on current HRQL/longitudinal HRQL trajectory. At 3 months, there was consistent decline in 5/8 HRQL domains across all haematologic response levels. By 12 months, 3/5 declining domains improved among complete response (CR) patients. In contrast, the mean change in less‐than‐CR patients did not indicate improvement. Under the Cox PH, having a baseline HRQL score five points higher than the sample mean was associated with 20% lower mortality risk. SREMs indicated a five‐point greater HRQL score at the event time correlated with an approximately 30% decrease in mortality risk. For each one‐point increase in HRQL score trajectory slope, mortality risk decreased by approximately 88%. Only CR patients had HRQL improvement, while partial response patients had less decline but no meaningful improvements. These data show the importance of HRQL serial assessments of AL patients and its importance as an end‐point.
Twice Regularized Markov Decision Processes: The Equivalence between Robustness and Regularization

Robust Markov decision processes (MDPs) aim to handle changing or partially known system dynamics. To solve them, one typically resorts to robust optimization methods. However, this significantly increases computational complexity and limits scalability in both learning and planning. On the other hand, regularized MDPs show more stability in policy learning without impairing time complexity. Yet, they generally do not encompass uncertainty in the model dynamics. In this work, we aim to learn robust MDPs using regularization. We first show that regularized MDPs are a particular instance of robust MDPs with uncertain reward. We thus establish that policy iteration on reward-robust MDPs can have the same time complexity as on regularized MDPs. We further extend this relationship to MDPs with uncertain transitions: this leads to a regularization term with an additional dependence on the value function. We then generalize regularized MDPs to twice regularized MDPs ($\text{R}^2$ MDPs), i.e., MDPs with $\textit{both}$ value and policy regularization. The corresponding Bellman operators enable us to derive planning and learning schemes with convergence and generalization guarantees, thus reducing robustness to regularization. We numerically show this two-fold advantage on tabular and physical domains, highlighting the fact that $\text{R}^2$ preserves its efficacy in continuous environments.
vTMM: Tiered Memory Management for Virtual Machines

The memory demand of virtual machines (VMs) is increasing, while the traditional DRAM-only memory system has limited capacity and high power consumption. The tiered memory system can effectively expand the memory capacity and increase the cost efficiency. Virtualization introduces new challenges for memory tiering, specifically enforcing performance isolation, minimizing context switching, and providing resource overcommit. However, none of the state-of-the-art designs consider virtualization and thus address these challenges; we observe that a VM with tiered memory incurs up to a 2× slowdown compared to a DRAM-only VM. This paper proposes vTMM, a tiered memory management system specifically designed for virtualization. vTMM automatically determines page hotness and migrates pages between fast and slow memory to achieve better performance. A key insight in vTMM is to leverage the unique system characteristics in virtualization to meet the above challenges. Specifically, vTMM tracks memory accesses with page-modification logging (PML) and a multi-level queue design. Next, vTMM quantifies the page "temperature" and makes a fine-grained page classification with bucket-sorting. vTMM performs page migration with PML while providing resource overcommit by transparently resizing VM memory through the two-dimensional page tables. In combination, the above techniques minimize overhead, ensure performance isolation and provide dynamic memory partitioning to improve the overall system performance. We evaluate vTMM on a real DRAM+NVM system and a simulated CXL-Memory system. The results show that vTMM outperforms NUMA balancing, Intel Optane memory mode and Nimble (an OS-level tiered memory management system) for VM tiered memory management. Multi-VM co-running results show that vTMM improves the performance of a DRAM+NVM system by 50%--140% and a CXL-Memory system by 16% -- 40%, respectively.
Actor Critic Agents for Wind Farm Control

The power output of a wind farm is influenced by wake effects, a phenomenon in which upstream turbines facing the wind create sub-optimal conditions for turbines located downstream. Yaw misaligning strategies have been shown to increase total production. Yet designing efficient methods of cooperative control to find optimal yaw angles is a challenging task. Classical optimization methods become intractable as the size of the farm grows, do not recover from model inaccuracies and ignore the dynamic propagation of the wind inflow in real conditions. Reinforcement learning methods can provide a model-free alternative, but raise issues of scalability when the control is centralized. Existing decentralized RL methods have been shown to significantly increase power production under dynamic conditions, but relied on tabular methods with state and action space discretization. To accelerate convergence, we employ an actor-critic algorithm with linear function approximation for decentralized cooperative yaw control. We validate our method in dynamic simulators for wind farms with up to 32 turbines, and show empirically that, compared to previous tabular algorithms, our method is faster and scales to larger wind farms.
Methods and algorithms of segmentation and deconvolution for quantitative analysis of Tissue Microarray images

This thesis aims at developing dedicated methods for quantitative analysis of Tissue Microarray (TMA) images acquired by fluorescence scanners. We addressed these issues in biomedical image processing, including segmentation of objects of interest (i.e. tissue samples), correction of acquisition artifacts during the scanning process and improvement of acquired image resolution while taking into account imaging modality and scanner design. The developed algorithms allow envisaging a novel automated platform for TMA analysis, which is highly required in cancer research nowadays. On a TMA slide, multiple tissue samples which are collected from different donors are assembled according to a grid structure to facilitate their identification. In order to establish the link between each sample and its corresponding clinical data, we are not only interested in the localization of these samples but also in the computation of their array (row and column) coordinates according to the design grid because the latter is often very deformed during the manufacturing of TMA slides. However, instead of directly computing array coordinates as the existing approaches, we proposed to reformulate this problem as the approximation of the deformation of the theoretical TMA grid using ``thin plate splines'' given the result of tissue sample localization. We combined a wavelet-based detection and an ellipse-based segmentation to eliminate false alarms and thus improving the localization result of tissue samples. According to the scanner design, images are acquired pixel by pixel along each line, with a change of scan direction between two subsequent lines. Such scanning system often suffers from pixel mis-positioning (jitter) due to imperfect synchronization of mechanical and electronic components. To correct these scanning artifacts, we proposed a variational method based on the estimation of pixel displacements on subsequent lines. This method, inspired from optical flow methods, consists in estimating a dense displacement field by minimizing an energy function composed of a nonconvex data fidelity term and a convex regularization term. We used the half-quadratic splitting technique to decouple the original problem into two small sub-problems: one is convex and can be solved by a standard optimization algorithm, the other is non-convex but can be solved by a complete search. To improve the resolution of acquired fluorescence images, we introduced a method of image deconvolution by considering a family of convex regularizers. The considered regularizers are generalized from the concept of Sparse Variation which combines the $L_1$ norm and Total Variation (TV) to favors the co-localization of high-intensity pixels and high-magnitude gradient. The experiments showed that the proposed regularization approach produces competitive deconvolution results on fluorescence images, compared to those obtained with other approaches such as TV or the Schatten norm of Hessian matrix.
Stochastic processes in physics and chemistry

Preface to the first edition. Preface to the second edition. Abbreviated references. I. Stochastic variables. II. Random events. III. Stochastic processes. IV. Markov processes. V. The master equation. VI. One-step processes. VII. Chemical reactions. VIII. The Fokker-Planck equation. IX. The Langevin approach. X. The expansion of the master equation. XI. The diffusion type. XII. First-passage problems. XIII. Unstable systems. XIV. Fluctuations in continuous systems. XV. The statistics of jump events. XVI. Stochastic differential equations. XVII. Stochastic behavior of quantum systems.