Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spin-Two Glueballs, Positive Energy Theorems and the AdS/CFT Correspondence

We determine the spectrum of graviton excitations in the background geometry of the AdS soliton in p+2 dimensions. Via the AdS/CFT correspondence this corresponds to determining the spectrum of spin two excitations in the dual effective p-dimensional field theories For the cases of D3- and M5-branes these are the spin two glueballs of QCD_3 and QCD_4 respectively. For all values of p we find an exact degeneracy of the spectra of these tensor states and certain scalar excitations. Our results also extend the perturbative proof of a positive energy conjecture for asymptotically locally AdS spacetimes (originally proposed for p=3) to an arbritrary number of dimensions.
What improves developer productivity at google? code quality

Understanding what affects software developer productivity can help organizations choose wise investments in their technical and social environment. But the research literature either focuses on what correlates with developer productivity in ecologically valid settings or focuses on what causes developer productivity in highly constrained settings. In this paper, we bridge the gap by studying software developers at Google through two analyses. In the first analysis, we use panel data with 39 productivity factors, finding that code quality, technical debt, infrastructure tools and support, team communication, goals and priorities, and organizational change and process are all causally linked to self-reported developer productivity. In the second analysis, we use a lagged panel analysis to strengthen our causal claims. We find that increases in perceived code quality tend to be followed by increased perceived developer productivity, but not vice versa, providing the strongest evidence to date that code quality affects individual developer productivity.
Visions of Research in Music Education Visions of Research in Music Education Critical and Culturally Sustaining Music Pedagogy Critical and Culturally Sustaining Music Pedagogy

Whether by mandate or by personal aspiration, teachers across the United States are compelled to teach in a manner that is culturally relevant to their students. Culturally relevant pedagogy, and its recent iteration, culturally sustaining pedagogy, call for high levels of student achievement, the development of multiple cultural competencies, and the raising of sociopolitical consciousness. Culturally sustaining pedagogy and critical pedagogy share a focus on connecting to students’ lived experience, empowering students in the classroom and in the world, and developing students’ critical consciousness. As asset-based pedagogies, both approaches focus on what students know first. This essay defines culturally sustaining pedagogy and presents a comprehensive example of the pedagogy in action. Then, through narrative exploration, the author reflects on his own journey from teaching as monologue, to teaching as dialogue, and finally, to teaching as cultural sustainment.
Extrapolators at the Gate: Market-wide Misvaluation

We show that the magnitude of the value premium over 1968-2018 is conditional on aggregate market-wide misvaluation. The value premium is 3.42% per month following market-wide undervaluation, 1.70% per month following market-wide overvaluation, and close to being nonexistent following periods in which the aggregate market is neither significantly overor undervalued. Going from normal valuation states to market-wide overvaluation (undervaluation), the increase in the value premium is due primarily to the poor (good) performance of growth (value) stocks. We show theoretically that these facts can be reconciled in a model in which some investors overextrapolate the past performance of stocks. In our model, extrapolators’ demand for value and growth stocks depends not only on the relative performance of these stocks but also on the overall performance of the stock market, which causes investors with extrapolative beliefs to move capital in and out of the equity market. This extrapolative asset-class switching behavior helps explain both the conditionality of the value premium and the drivers of the premium in different market-wide misvaluation states. This paper has benefited from comments and discussions with Adem Atmaz, Ricardo Barahona, Nick Barberis, Martijn Boons, Jindong Chen, Sergey Chernenko, Lauren Cohen, Zhi Da, David Hirshleifer, Kristy Jansen, Yan Liu, Dong Lou, Cameron Peng, Andrei Shleifer, and seminar participants at Purdue University, Singapore Management University, and University of Illinois at Chicago. We are responsible for any remaining errors.
Temperature scaling of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in the spin wave spectrum

The temperature scaling of the micromagnetic Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya exchange interaction is calculated for the whole range of temperature. We use Green's function theory to derive the finite-temperature spin wave spectrum of ferromagnetic systems described by a classical atomistic spin model Hamiltonian. Within this model, we find universal expressions for the temperature scaling not only of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction but also of the Heisenberg exchange stiffness and the single-ion anisotropy. In the spirit of multiscale models, we establish a clear connection between the atomistic interactions and the temperature-dependent coefficients in the spin wave spectrum and in the micromagnetic free energy functional. We demonstrate that the corrections to mean-field theory or the random phase approximation for the temperature scaling of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya and Heisenberg exchange interactions assume very similar forms. In the presence of thermal fluctuations and Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction an anisotropy-like term emerges in the spin wave spectrum which, at low temperature, increases with temperature, in contrast to the decreasing single-ion anisotropy. We evaluate the accuracy of the theoretical method by comparing it to the spin wave spectrum calculated from Monte Carlo simulations.
Micro-Encapsulation and Characterization of Anthocyanin-Rich Raspberry Juice Powder for Potential Applications in the Food Industry

: Raspberry juice obtained from fresh raspberry fruits was encapsulated separately using gum Arabic (GA), maltodextrin (MT), and waxy starch (WS) (1:10, w / v ) and freeze-dried to develop raspberry juice powders (RBJP). The powders were characterised based on their physicochemical and phytochemical composition and their rheological and antioxidative properties, which signiﬁcantly varied among the carriers. GA- and MT-encapsulated RBJP exhibited a better colour, higher yield, oil holding capacity, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant properties. WS-encapsulated powder showed a better water holding capacity and total phenolic content; however, the powder was characterised by low solubility, total soluble solids, and redness. Hygroscopicity and titratable acidity did not signiﬁcantly ( p > 0.05) vary among the powders. Cyanidin diglucoside, the main anthocyanin compound identiﬁed in the RBJP, was signiﬁcantly higher in MT (2549.89 µ g/g) compared to GA (1935.45 µ g/g) and WS (1458.81 µ g/g). The RBJP produced using MT and GA showed irregular-shaped and non-spherical particles, which were less agglomerated and relatively larger, while the WS powder exhibited more uniform, spherical particles, which agglomerated together. An X-ray diffraction analysis showed that GA and MT powders had an amorphous structure with minimum crystallinity, while RBJP from WS was crystalline. It can be concluded that GA and MT produced RBJP with quality attributes relevant to the food industry.
Task-Based and Individual Differences Influence the Effect of Gesture Observation on Novel L2 Speech Sound Learning

This study sought to replicate the effect of observing pitch gesture and clarify the effect of observing representational gesture on L2 lexical tone learning and to explore the influences of individual differences in lexical and non-lexical tone perception on these effects. The results revealed that observing representational gestures facilitates lexical tone discrimination, albeit to a lesser extent than observing pitch gestures, suggesting that task difficulty may influence its effect. Moreover, they revealed that individual differences in non-speech tone perception predict discrimination of lexical tones learned by observing pitch gesture and no gesture, but not representational gesture. Together, these findings suggest that task difficulty as well as individual differences in sensitivity to non-speech sounds influence the effects of observing gesture on novel L2 speech sound learning.
The Massive CO White Dwarf in the Symbiotic Recurrent Nova RS Ophiuchi

If accreting white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems are to produce type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), they must grow to nearly the Chandrasekhar mass and ignite carbon burning. Proving conclusively that a WD has grown substantially since its birth is a challenging task. Slow accretion of hydrogen inevitably leads to the erosion, rather than the growth of WDs. Rapid hydrogen accretion does lead to growth of a helium layer, due to both decreased degeneracy and the inhibition of mixing of the accreted hydrogen with the underlying WD. However, until recently, simulations of helium-accreting WDs all claimed to show the explosive ejection of a helium envelope once it exceeded . Because CO WDs cannot be born with masses in excess of , any such object in excess of must have grown substantially. We demonstrate that the WD in the symbiotic nova RS Oph is in the mass range 1.2–1.4 M☉. We compare UV spectra of RS Oph with those of novae with ONe WDs and with novae erupting on CO WDs. The RS Oph WD is clearly made of CO, demonstrating that it has grown substantially since birth. It is a prime candidate to eventually produce an SN Ia.
NEW METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LEVOMILNACIPRAN IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM.

To establish sensitive and accurate methods for developing and validating analytical methods for estimation of levomilnacipran in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. A mixture of 10 mM Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer pH 6.5 and Methanol in the ratio of 50:50 (v/v%) was used as the mobile phase. A working standard solution of a concentration of 20 µg/ml was used. An XBridge™ C18 column 5µ (250 mm x 4.6 mm) was used for the analysis at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, injection volume of 20 µl, run time of 10 mins, and detection wavelength of 210 nm. The %RSD values of precision studies were found to be below the accepted limit of 2%. The method was found to be linear with a correlation coefficient (r 2 ) of 0.998. The method was also found to be accurate and robust with suitable values. The LOD and LOQ of the method were found to be 1.42 µg/ml and 4.75 µg/ml respectively.
Saturation in heteronuclear photoassociation of 6 Li 7 Li

We report heteronuclear photoassociation spectroscopy in a mixture of magneto-optically trapped {sup 6}Li and {sup 7}Li. The laser-induced decrease in the {sup 7}Li steady-state particle number, only appearing in the presence of {sup 6}Li, gives clear evidence of photoassociation to form {sup 6}Li{sup 7}Li. Hyperfine resolved spectra of the vibrational level v=83 of the singlet state A{sup 1}{sigma}{sub u}{sup +} have been taken up to intensities of 1000 W/cm{sup 2}. The absolute resonance frequencies and the rotational constant have been measured. Saturation of the photoassociation rate has been observed for two hyperfine transitions, which can be shown to be due to saturation of the rate coefficient near the unitarity limit. Saturation intensities on the order of 40 W/cm{sup 2} can be determined.
Understanding Software Security Vulnerabilities in Cloud Server Systems

Cloud systems have been widely adopted by many real world production applications. Thus, security vulnerabilities in those cloud systems can cause serious widespread impact. Although previous intrusion detection systems can detect security attacks, understanding the underlying software defects that cause those security vulnerabilities is little studied. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study over 110 software security vulnera-bilities in 13 popular cloud server systems. To understand the underlying vulnerabilities, we answer the following questions: 1) what are the root causes of those security vulnerabilities? 2) what threat impact do those vulnerable code have? 3) how do developers patch those vulnerable code? Our results show that the vulnerable code of the studied security vulnerabilities comprise five common categories: 1) improper execution restrictions, 2) improper permission checks, 3) improper resource path-name checks, 4) improper sensitive data handling, and 5) improper synchronization handling. We further extract principal vulnerable code patterns from those common vulnerability categories.
Electronics and optoelectronics of quasi-1D layered transition metal trichalcogenides

The isolation of graphene and transition metal dichalcongenides has opened a veritable world to a great number of layered materials which can be exfoliated, manipulated, and stacked or combined at will. With continued explorations expanding to include other layered materials with unique attributes, it is becoming clear that no one material will fill all the post-silicon era requirements. Here we review the properties and applications of layered, quasi-1D transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs) as novel materials for next generation electronics and optoelectronics. The TMTCs present a unique chain-like structure which gives the materials their quasi-1D properties such as high anisotropy ratios in conductivity and linear dichroism. The range of band gaps spanned by this class of materials (0.2 eV–2 eV) makes them suitable for a wide variety of applications including field-effect transistors, infrared, visible and ultraviolet photodetectors, and unique applications related to their anisotropic properties which opens another degree of freedom in the development of next generation electronics. In this review we survey the historical development of these remarkable materials with an emphasis on the recent activity generated by the isolation and characterization of atomically thin titanium trisulfide (TiS3).
NONADIABATIC DYNAMICS OF ATOMS IN NONUNIFORM MAGNETIC FIELDS

Dynamics of neutral atoms in nonuniform magnetic fields, typical of quadrupole magnetic traps, is considered by applying an accurate method for solving nonlinear systems of differential equations. This method is more general than the adiabatic approximation and, thus, permits to check the limits of the latter and also to analyze nonadiabatic regimes of motion. An unusual nonadiabatic regime is found when atoms are confined from one side of the z-axis but are not confined from another side. The lifetime of atoms in a trap in this semi-confining regime can be sufficiently long for accomplishing experiments with a cloud of such atoms. At low temperature, the cloud is ellipsoidal being stretched in the axial direction and moving along the z-axis. The possibility of employing the semi-confining regime for studying the relative motion of one component through another, in a binary mixture of gases is discussed.
Sustainable Development Path of Resource-Based Cities—Taking Datong as an Example

Sustainable development has become a global consensus, and cities are important spatial carriers to achieve sustainable development. There are more than 200 resource-based cities in China. These cities have a single industrial and energy structure. With the gradual depletion of urban resources, they are generally facing problems such as difficult industrial transformation, lagging development of alternative industries, and serious damage to the ecological environment. They are facing multiple challenges to achieve sustainable development. Our paper creatively uses the multiple interactive feedback relationships among the systems of “driving force–pressure–state–influence–response” in resource-based cities to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for the sustainable development of resource-based cities through the comprehensive evaluation index system of sustainable development. It is concluded that the higher the coordination degree of each subsystem in the model is, the stronger the sustainable development ability of the city is, which provides new ideas and suggestions for the sustainable development of resource-based cities. The case study shows that the coordinated dispatching C value tends to 2.216, indicating that the sustainable development evaluation values of each subsystem in the model tend to be close, and the coordination between subsystems is high. This confirms the rationality of establishing a comprehensive evaluation model for the sustainable development of resource-based cities.
The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health outcomes – A cross-sectional study among health care workers in Coastal South India [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]

Background: Frontline health care workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of developing unfavourable mental health outcomes and burnout, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recognizing the early warning signs of mental distress is very important to ensure the provision of quality patient care. Methods: In this facility-based cross-sectional study, HCWs of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore were assessed regarding their mental health status using a semi-structured questionnaire. All doctors and nurses who were willing to participate from these teaching hospitals were included in the study. Data was collected over a period of four months (1 st March -30 th June 2021) till the required sample size was reached and analysed using IBM SPSS and expressed using mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), and proportions. Univariate analysis was done to identify the factors associated with mental health outcomes among the HCWs and the corresponding unadjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were reported. Results: A total of 245 HCWs [52.2% (n=128) doctors and 47.8% (n=117) nurses] were included in our study. The proportion of participants with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and insomnia assessed using PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ISI-7 scales were 49% The work was clearly presented however the study cited 72% of current literature. Adding more current literature, especially in the introduction section will suffice.
Gauge dependence in the anomalous dimension of the gauge invariant canonical decomposition for proton momentum

The gauge dependence in the anomalous dimension of the gauge-invariant-canonical-energy-momentum tensor for proton is studied by the background field method. The naive calculation shows the problem, the absence of the counter term in the gluonic sectors. The analysis shows that the result [Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 062001 (2009)] is derived from the background field method after we introduced a trick to avoid the problem except for the gluon-to-gluon sector; it is gauge dependent. The possible reason of this gauge-dependent result comes from the nontrivial treatment of the condition $F^{\mu\nu}_{pure}=0$ at a higher order. This result shows that one needs a further improvement in treating this condition with a covariant way at a higher order by the background field method. In particular, we have to focus on two checkpoints, the gauge independence and zero eigenvalue in the anomalous-dimension matrix, in order to test the validity of the gauge-invariant-canonical-energy-momentum tensor.
Perceptual mindfulness and imagery for chronic pain and skin disorders in a busy college population

Perceptually-oriented training, consisting of an abbreviated “body scanning” exercise of mindfulness along with visual imagery, was assessed for its benefit to chronic conditions in a busy population. While mindfulness interventions are a promising non-invasive psychological approach for managing pain and other conditions, they require a big time commitment from patients. This can decrease compliance and therefore effectiveness. The experiment also sought to assess whether individual differences in imagery ability influence effectiveness and to contribute to the development of paradigms in mindfulness research from t unique perspective of the field of Perception. A brief course of 12-minute training was developed and given to college students with mostly chronic pain or skin conditions of 3 weeks to 18 years duration (mean=6.8 years). Matched subjects without the intervention served as a wait-list control group. Dependent measures consisted of change in participant ratings on symptom severity (semi-objective measure), assessments of the value of the intervention (subjective measure) and independent ratings of photos (objective measure). Results included high ratings for training satisfaction, ease, and compliance, a positive relation between imagery ability and improvement, and a difference between experimental and control groups in severity of symptoms for high visualizers only. Interestingly, high imagers in the control group may have shown worsening of symptoms. In conclusion, brief training is effective in high imagers, and the audio training file can be easily distributed to patients. A novel innovative theory for “mind-body” healing based on perceptual adaptation to vision-immune system conflicts is offered. guided prism
Machine Learning based to Predict B-Cell Epitope Region Utilizing Protein Features

Considering the current state of Covid-19 pandemic, vaccine research and production is more important than ever. Antibodies recognize epitopes, which are immunogenic regions of antigen, in a very specific manner, to trigger an immune response. It is extremely difficult to predict such locations, yet they have substantial implications for complex humoral immunogenicity pathways. This paper presents a machine learning epitope prediction model. The research creates several models to test the accuracy of B-cell epitope prediction based solely on protein features. The goal is to establish a quantitative comparison of the accuracy of three machine learning models, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGbM. Our results found similar accuracy between the XGBoost and LightGbM models with the CatBoost model having the highest accuracy of 82%. Though this accuracy is not high enough to be considered reliable it does warrant further research on the subject.
QUANTUM ESTIMATION OF RELATIVE INFORMATION

We derive optimal schemes for preparation and estimation of relational degrees of freedom between two quantum systems. We specifically analyze the case of rotation parameters representing relative angles between elements of the SU(2) symmetry group. Our estimation procedure does not assume prior knowledge of the absolute spatial orientation of the systems and as such does not require information on the underlying classical reference frame in which the states are prepared.