Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Money Laundering: History, Regulations, and Techniques

The goal of money laundering is to hide the tainted origin of criminal revenue. In this sense, it is a secondary crime that is always connected to another breach of law. These offenses can be different types of theft, trade in illicit goods, as well as other non-violent acts such as tax fraud, bribery, and, nowadays more relevantly, cybercrime. Depending on the size of the unlawful income, criminals may launder on their own or collaborate with other specialists. Especially in cases of large-scale tax evasion, grand corruption, transnational drug trafficking and similar highly organized forms of crime, laundering can entail very complex schemes performed in multiple countries. To describe and analyze this activity, a three-stage model is a widely accepted framework. The placement is the first step, when the illicit money is introduced into the financial system. The layering involves multiple transactions to remove the traces of these funds, while in the last stage criminals attempt to integrate the laundered money into the legal economy through various kinds of investments. Beginning with the 1970s, increasing international cooperation aimed to counter this activity and set standards that were later adapted to national judicial systems. Different types of crime were the focus of such approaches, which also shaped the methods used. During the Prohibition era rum-running and illegal gambling raised the most concern, later the war on drugs, and from the early 2000s the war on terror, and more recently the cryptocurrencies are in focus of anti-money laundering. The financial extent of worldwide money laundering is difficult to estimate with reasonable precision, but it is comparable to national economies in magnitude. Money laundering can have a social as well as financial impact, especially when it helps corrupt politicians to stay in power, decreases tax morale to unfeasible depths or enables organized criminals to take over whole economic sectors and geographic areas.
Pharmacophore generation and atom based 3D-QSAR of quinoline derivatives as selective phosphodiesterase 4B inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) hydrolyses cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and thus regulates its intracellular levels. The enzyme has been proposed as a potential drug target against diseases like inflammation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. But use of current PDE4B inhibitors is limited due to dose-dependent nausea and vomiting. Adverse effects associated with current PDE4B inhibitors are possibly results of PDE4D inhibition, a highly similar homolog of PDE4B. Here we considered quinoline analogs and applied ligand-based pharmacophore and atom based 3D-QSAR modeling with structure-based docking and ADME approach. A 5-point pharmacophore model was developed and used to derive a predictive 3D-QSAR model for the studied dataset. The obtained r2 and q2 values were 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. The result suggested that the generated 3D-QSAR model is reliable and can be considered for PDE4B activity prediction. Further, a pharmacophore model was employed for virtual screening to identify potent PDE4B inhibitors. The selective ligands for PDE4B were identified through docking and prime binding energy analysis of ligands in both PDE4B and PDE4D. ADME analysis was performed to confirm the drug ability of the selective ligand. To validate docking results, a molecular dynamics simulation was performed for PDE4B complexed with a top scoring ligand, AQ-390/42425549. AQ-390/42425549-PDE4B interactions reported in MD analysis were consistent with the docking results. All the hit molecules were procured and biologically evaluated for percentage inhibition of PDE4B and PDE4D in in vitro enzymatic assays. Among the total of thirteen molecules that were active against PDE4B, ten were selective with little PDE4D inhibition.
Adaptive Clustering Algorithm for Stable Communication in Vanet

Clustering in VANET is important for recent days due to more number of vehicle present in urban area. In future Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), VANET is capable of providing safety related applications, Internet accessing and various user applications for drivers and passengers. Clustering based topology an efficient data interaction among vehicles, can be applied to the groups of vehicle nodes in geographical vicinity together that supports direct interaction between the intercluster data interaction through cluster heads (CHs). In existing method, so many algorithms developed Related to clustering based VANET communication, but due to high mobility of vehicle and their parameters like position, velocity and acceleration is improve the complexity and reduce the performance. In this research, we propose an adaptive self-learning approach based hybrid clustering. In hybrid clustering, the process divided in three steps. In first step Type1, it used for Road side unit (RSU) act as a static cluster head. In second step, divide the multiple zones with whole area and apply zone sensitive based clustering algorithm. It is used for predict the efficient centroid/weight value for each Vehicles. Finally in the third step, from the above algorithm, in neuro- fuzzy training samples we got. Neuro fuzzy prediction based cluster head selection was applied. Percentages of cluster-Head for each zone assign the purpose of reduces the end-to-end delay and reduce congestion. In simulation results shows that demonstrate the efficiency of proposed algorithm compare to existing method.
The determinants of eco-friendly tourist behaviour: perspectives from Indian and Indonesian tourists travelling abroad

ABSTRACT As India and Indonesia are becoming two sources for international travellers from emerging markets, understanding their eco-friendly behaviour is crucial to developing sustainable tourism. This study investigates the determining roles of nature relatedness, happiness, and willingness to sacrifice for the environment on eco-friendly tourist behaviour. Four hundred and four respondents from India and Indonesia took part in the survey. The results of the study of both Indian and Indonesian respondents consistently indicate how nature relatedness influences eco-friendly tourist behaviour directly and indirectly through their willingness to sacrifice for the environment. However, this study did not find that happiness mediates the influence of nature relatedness on eco-friendly tourist behaviour.
Experiment on a Transformer Model Indonesian-to-Sundanese Neural Machine Translation with Sundanese Speech Level Evaluation

Speech level is one of the essential Sundanese language elements. As Indonesian mixed within Sundanese language use, the usage of speech level is gradually degrading. Indonesian, in order to get correct word choice in Sundanese language, social contexts may refer to many sources such as a dictionary, or thesaurus. However, for better translation in syntax and context, machine translation is offered. Based on the fact, this experiment focuses on the problem when translating Indonesian to Sundanese and the evaluation of Sundanese speech level in the translated texts. Neural machine translation (NMT) was chosen as the current technology in machine translation, which worked by combining recurrent neural network encoder-decoder. The experiment started with building 50.000 Sundanese-Indonesian sentences as a parallel corpus to build and train NMT models. The experiment on sentence training in Transformer NMT without out-of-vocabulary (OOV) shows 42.72% BLEU Score, and Average Training Loss was 1.77 while for speech level was dominated by 56% basa loma (coarse) of the whole testing result.
Über die Zersetzung des gasförmigen Phosphorwasserstoffs

L Zweck und Methode. Bekanntlich spielen bei der Umwandlung von Gasen die störenden Faktoren, unter andern die Gefässwand und die Verunreinigungen, eine derartige Rolle, dass bis dahin nur höchst selten die obwaltende Gesetzmässigkeit sich zeigt. Dennoch ist für die chemische Dynamik ein genaue Einsicht eben bei den Gasen wichtig, weil im Wesen die Verhältnisse hier am einfachsten zu liegen scheinen. Als Versuchsobjekt wurde der gasförmige Phosphorwasserstoff gewählt, weil van ' t Hoff) diesbezüglich schon zeigte, dass dessen Zerlegung in die Elemente bei 440° in normaler Weise vor sich geht; die berechnete Geschwindigkeitskonstante änderte sich nur von 0 0033 auf 0 0031, wo die Zersetzung bis zu 30 °/0 der Totalmenge durchgeführt wurde. Diese Versuche sind nun dahin ausgedehnt, dass zunächst das Verhalten bei 440° eingehender und weiter verfolgt wurde und dann in möglichst umfassender Weise der Einfluss der Temperatur ermittelt ward, was von 310 — 512° gelang. Die Darstellung des Gases geschah nach Hofmann) durch Zersetzung von Jodphosphonium mit Wasser, während das Jodphosphonium nach Baeyer) erhalten wurde. Beide Operationen wurden jedoch nacheinander im selben Apparate ausgeführt, worin also bei in Schwefelkohlenstoff gelöstem Phosphor Jod im Verhältnis PtJ beizufügen ist; es folgt dann Destillation des Schwefelkohlenstoffs in Kohlensäurestrom, Zusatz der zur Bildung von Jodphosphonium nötigen Wassermenge und nach Erhitzen Zufugung von Wasser zur Phosphorwasserstoffbildung, alles in schwach erhaltenem Kohlensäurestrom. Das entwickelte Gas wird über Kochsalzlösung gesammelt (es löst sich darin nur 1:30,
Proteomics and liquid biopsy characterization of human EMT-related metastasis in colorectal cancer

Tumor cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), however, there is a room of disagreement in role of EMT heterogeneity to colorectal cancer metastasis (mCRC) evolution. To uncover new EMT-related metastasis proteins and pathways, we addressed the EMT status in colorectal cancer liver metastasis patient-derived CTCs to identify proteins that promote their distant metastasis. And then, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis in matched pairs of primary tumor tissues, adjacent mucosa tissues and liver metastatic tissues. By integrative analysis we show that, unstable Epithelial/Mesenchymal (E/M)-type CTCs had the strongest liver metastases formation ability and the proportion of E/M-type CTCs correlated with distant metastases. Using an optimized proteomic workflow including data independent acquisition (DIA) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM), we identified novel EMT-related protein cluster (GNG2, COL6A1, COL6A2, DCN, COL6A3, LAMB2, TNXB, CAVIN1) and well-described (ERBB2) core protein level changes in EMT-related metastasis progression, and the proteomic data indicate ERBB2, COL6A1 and CAVIN1 are promising EMT-related metastatic biomarker candidates. This study contributes to our understanding of the role that EMT plays in CRC metastasis and identifies heterogeneous EMT phenotypes as a key piece for tumor progression and prognosis. We further propose that therapies targeting this aggressive subset (E/M-type) of CTCs and related protein may be worthy of exploration as potential suppressors of metastatic evolution.
A simple laser beam characterization apparatus based on imaging

The development of an original low-cost hardware/software apparatus to optically control the laser beam and measure quality parameters by image analysis using a monochrome matrix sensor is described, along with experimental validation. Laser parameters, namely beam waist, divergence, Rayleigh range and M2, which are the most relevant in manufacturing operations (like optical measurement and laser processing), have been physically and mathematically characterized. Strategies for the apparatus size reduction are also presented, including the use of a prism to reduce by half the optical path, and a camera model to simulate the sensor resolution.
Performance Comparison of Turbo coder and low-density parity check codes

Wireless communication systems will suffer from the noise introduced in the channels. Channel codes are the essential part of wireless communication systems which help in detection and correction of errors due to the noise introduced in the channel. Turbo codes and LDPC codes are the Forward Error Correction (FEC) channel coding techniques which have the error correcting capability near to Shannon codes along with improvement in transmission rate and energy efficiency.Turbo codes were introduced in 1993[1]. LDPC codes were discovered in 1960 by R.Galleger in his Ph.D dissertation at MIT.They became implementable, after the discovery of Turbo codes[2]. The satellite communications such as DVB-RCS, telecommunications such as 3G, 4G, Wireless metropolitan standards IEEE 802.16(WiMax) uses turbo codes[3]. G.hn/G.9960 (ITU-T standard for networking over power lines, phone lines and coaxial cable), 802.3 an(10GBps ethernet over twisted pair), CMMB(China multimedia mobile broadcasting), DVB-S2/DVB-T2/DVB-C2(Digital video broadcasting , second generation), DMB-T/H(Digital video broadcasting), Wimax(IEEE 802.16e standard for microwave communications), 802.11n-2009(wi-Fi standard) are the few standards where the LDPC codes are employed. [4]
Effect of trolox added to freezing extenders over goat and ram spermatozoa

Semen cryopreservation is responsible for decrease the gamete fertility, due to structural and functional damages. Among the various causes, oxidative stress, resulting from the higher generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been attributed to affect semen quality. Thus, it was objectified evaluate the effect of Trolox on ram and goat sperm, subjected to freezing. Semen pools of goat (n=5) and ram (n=6) were diluted in skimmed milk (7% glycerol) or Tris-egg yolk (5% glycerol) extender, respectively, added or not of Trolox (0, 20 or 40 μM/ml) and frozen. After thawing (37 °C/30 s), aliquots of semen were evaluated for lipid peroxidation by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD), and flow cytometry (C11-BODIPY581/591), besides of plasma membrane and acrosome integrity by fluorescence microscopy, and sperm kinetics by computerized sperm analysis (CASA). The antioxidant treatment with Trolox did not determine significant effects (p>0.05) on lipid peroxidation, plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and on the kinetic parameters evaluated. Thus, it is concluded that Trolox (20 or 40 μM) did not have a protective or deleterious effect on goats and ram sperm, submitted to freezing.
Secure and energy efficient optimal routing scheme for wireless sensor networks using IBFA and LDCSN-BSHHO algorithms

Wireless sensors networks (WSN) are very common because of their advancements in a big quantity of applications. The most vital design-goals aimed at WSN are energy efficiency in addition to secured Data Transmission (DT). This paper addresses the energy as well as security issues of the WSN and proposes a secure and energy-aware optimal routing scheme for WSN using learning of dynamic characteristics of sensor nodes with Bidirectional search based Harris Hawk optimizations (LDCSN-BSHHO). The proposed optimal routing is performed utilizing ‘4’ steps: i) clustering, ii) Cluster Heads (CH) selection, iii) data encryption, and iv) routing. Initially, to expand the Network Life-Time (NLT), the Weigh Utility-based Stratified Sampling (WUSS) method clusters the Sensor Nodes (SN). Next, the Elite Opposition and Ranking Mutation based Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (EORM-BOA) method optimally select the CH for the clusters. After that, an Improved Blowfish Algorithm (IBFA) encrypts the Data Packets (DP) to render data security. Finally, the LDCSN-BSHHO sent the encrypted DP to the Base Stations (BS) via the optimum path. It dynamically studies the node's behavior and selects an optimal path utilizing the BSHHO algorithm for data transfer. This kind of energy and security-centered method for WSN routing is labeled as secure and Energy-Aware Routing (EAR) of WSN. The proposed method’s outcomes are examined and weighed against the other prevailing techniques, which shows the proposed methods’ efficiency for optimal routing and the data’s security.
ВПЛИВ ЗОВНІШНЬОСЕКРЕТОРНОЇ НЕДОСТАТНОСТІ ПІДШЛУНКОВОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ НА ПЕРЕБІГ ПЕРВИННОГО ОСТЕОАРТРОЗУ ЗА УМОВ КОМОРБІДНОСТІ

Ураження органів шлунково-кишкового тракту (ШКТ), що супроводжується зниженням екскреторної функції підшлункової залози (ПЗ), є частими патологічними процесами, що супроводжують первинний ОА як коморбідні стани. Мета – провести дослідження параметрів суглобового болю та їх взаємозв’язків із показниками екскреторної функції підшлункової залози у пацієнтів із первинним ОА з коморбідними станами. Матеріал і методи. Було обстежено 174 амбулаторних пацієнти з первинним ОА у поєднанні із захворюваннями, що супроводжуються зниженням екскреторної функції ПЗ, у стані повної та неповної клінічної ремісії. Результати. Аналіз отриманих показників вмісту фекальної α-еластази пацієнтів показав наявність зниження ексреторної функції ПЗ у групі дослідження ((64,24±5,85) мкг/г), порівняно з групою контролю ((212,71±4,65) мкг/г) (р<0,05). Показник ВАШ у спокої був (25,54±3,42) мм, показник ВАШ при рухах – (38,81±4,41) мм. Було встановлено, що між парами кореляційного зв’язку наявні статистично значимі середньої сили кореляційні зв’язки. Висновки. Виявлені кореляції довели взаємозалежність та обтяжливість між зниженням екскреторної функції підшлункової залози та силою больового суглобового синдрому у пацієнтів з первинним ОА.
Pharmacological Modulation of Neurite Outgrowth in Human Neural Progenitor Cells by Inhibiting Non-muscle Myosin II

Studies on neural development and neuronal regeneration after injury are mainly based on animal models. The establishment of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology, however, opened new perspectives for better understanding these processes in human models by providing unlimited cell source for hard-to-obtain human tissues. Here, we aimed at identifying the molecular factors that confine and modulate an early step of neural regeneration, the formation of neurites in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was stably expressed in NPCs differentiated from human embryonic and induced PSC lines, and the neurite outgrowth was investigated under normal and injury-related conditions using a high-content screening system. We found that inhibitors of the non-muscle myosin II (NMII), blebbistatin and its novel, non-toxic derivatives, initiated extensive neurite outgrowth in human NPCs. The extracellular matrix components strongly influenced the rate of neurite formation but NMII inhibitors were able to override the inhibitory effect of a restrictive environment. Non-additive stimulatory effect on neurite generation was also detected by the inhibition of Rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), the upstream regulator of NMII. In contrast, inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) had only a negligible effect, suggesting that the ROCK1 signal is dominantly manifested by actomyosin activity. In addition to providing a reliable cell-based in vitro model for identifying intrinsic mechanisms and environmental factors responsible for impeded axonal regeneration in humans, our results demonstrate that NMII and ROCK1 are important pharmacological targets for the augmentation of neural regeneration at the progenitor level. These studies may open novel perspectives for development of more effective pharmacological treatments and cell therapies for various neurodegenerative disorders.
Ecofriendly wood adhesives from date palm fronds lignin for plywood

Utilization of lignin phenol glyoxal (LPG) resins was studied as a potential alternative for phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins. Lignin was extracted by alkaline pulping processes (kraft and soda) from date palm fronds (DPF) and was used as an alternative for phenol in LPG resins. The isolated lignin samples were characterized using complementary analyses that included Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermal stability, thermogravi-metric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Kraft lignin phenol glyoxal (KLPG) and soda lignin phenol glyoxal (SLPG) resins also were characterized in terms of solid content, viscosity, and gel time. Finally, physico-mechanical tests were performed on plywood panels that were treated with different molar ratios of LPG resins. The results revealed that 50% (w/w) KLPG resin resulted in higher tensile strength (65.3 MPa) than PF resin (58.57 MPa), which was potentially attributed to the higher amount of phenolic groups compared to soda lignin. Therefore, the substitution of DPF lignin in LPG resins enhanced the adhesive in terms of its chemical and mechanical properties, enabling it to produce a more environmentally friendly wood adhesive.
Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1d infection in dairy heifer calves born within 38 days interval

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes a significant economic impact on the beef and dairy industries worldwide. Fetal infection with a non-cytopathic strain may lead to the birth of persistently infected (PI) offspring, the main event in the epidemiological chain of BVDV infection. This report describes the birth of 10 PI dairy calves from Brazil and the infecting BVDV subgenotype. Serum and blood samples were collected from 10 cows and 10 calves; all 10 calves were previously deemed BVDV positive by the ear notch rapid test. Serum samples were used in the virus neutralization technique to detect anti-BVDV antibody. Blood samples were used to detect BVDV RNA using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay of the 5' UTR and Npro genes. All 10 cows were negative for BVDV RT-PCR, while all 10 calves were RT-PCR positive. Phylogenetic analyses were performed and the strain was classified as BVDV-1d. High titers of BVDV-specific antibodies in the serum of cows indicated recent circulation of BVDV in the dairy herd, whereas calves presented intermediate, low, or no anti-BVDV-1a antibody titers. The monitoring of circulating BVDV subgenotypes and the detection of PI animals is of great importance in disease control, and regular vaccination alone is insufficient to prevent BVDV infection.