Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination of Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.)) Ethyl Acetate Extract and Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as Burn Healing

Burns result from exposure to heat sources like fire, chemicals, or radiation and can lead to tissue loss or damage. Traditional healing of burns often involves using herbal remedies like gotu kola and coconut, typically oil extracts. This study aims to identify the healing effects of burns by administering a combination of ethyl acetate extract of gotu kola herb and virgin coconut oil (VCO) to mice. The mice were divided into 7 groups, namely negative control (K(-)) was given tween 20; positive control (K(+)): burn topical medicine on the market, P1: 10% Ethylacetate extract in tween 20; P2: VCO; P3: Ethyl acetate extract 10% and VCO 50% in tween 20; P4: 5% Ethyl acetate extract in VCO; P5: extract 10% Ethyl acetate in VCO and treated for 21 consecutive days with a frequency of twice a day. The results showed that the combination of 10% ethyl acetate extract of gotu kola herb in VCO exhibited the highest healing activity for burns, comparable to the positive control (K(+)) topical medicine on the market. The higher the extract concentration and VCO, the better the healing activity of burns.
Gap Junctions in A8 Amacrine Cells Are Made of Connexin36 but Are Differently Regulated Than Gap Junctions in AII Amacrine Cells

In the mammalian retina, amacrine cells represent the most diverse cell class and are involved in the spatio-temporal processing of visual signals in the inner plexiform layer. They are connected to bipolar, other amacrine and ganglion cells, forming complex networks via electrical and chemical synapses. The small-field A8 amacrine cell was shown to receive non-selective glutamatergic input from OFF and ON cone bipolar cells at its bistratified dendrites in sublamina 1 and 4 of the inner plexiform layer. Interestingly, it was also shown to form electrical synapses with ON cone bipolar cells, thus resembling the rod pathway-specific AII amacrine cell. In contrast to the AII cell, however, the electrical synapses of A8 cells are poorly understood. Therefore, we made use of the Ier5-GFP mouse line, in which A8 cells are labeled by GFP, to study the gap junction composition and frequency in A8 cells. We found that A8 cells form <20 gap junctions per cell and these gap junctions consist of connexin36. Connexin36 is present at both OFF and ON dendrites of A8 cells, preferentially connecting A8 cells to type 1 OFF and type 6 and 7 ON bipolar cells and presumably other amacrine cells. Additionally, we show that the OFF dendrites of A8 cells co-stratify with the processes of dopaminergic amacrine cells from which they may receive GABAergic input via GABAA receptor subunit α3. As we found A8 cells to express dopamine receptor D1 (but not D2), we also tested whether A8 cell coupling is modulated by D1 receptor agonists and antagonists as was shown for the coupling of AII cells. However, this was not the case. In summary, our data suggests that A8 coupling is differently regulated than AII cells and may even be independent of ambient light levels and serve signal facilitation rather than providing a separate neuronal pathway.
MiR-484 promotes the malignant progression of glioma by inhibiting CDKN2A expression.

INTRODUCTION Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is involved in glioma progression, but the specific molecular mechanism of CDKN2A in glioma cell migration and invasion needs to be further explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data related to CDKN2A expression and glioma overall survival were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Then, CDKN2A expression in glioma tissues/cells or paracancer tissues/astrocytes was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot. Afterwards, Wound healing, Transwell and tube formation assay were performed to identify the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of glioma cells, respectively. TargetScan database predicted the targeted binding between miR-484 and CDKN2A, which was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the expression of VEGF, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in glioma cells. RESULTS CDKN2A was low-expressed in glioma tissue/cells as compared to paracancer tissue/astrocytes, and was strongly associated to the poor prognosis of glioma. Further studies found that down-regulation of CDKN2A could promote migration, invasion and angiogenesis of glioma cells. Besides, miR-484 was high-expressed in glioma cells compared to astrocytes. Up-regulation of miR-484 could enhance migration, invasion and angiogenesis of glioma cells. In addition, up-regulated miR-484 suppressed the expression of E-cadherin, and promoted the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin and VEGF. However, there was negative regulation of miR-484 and CDKN2A, and CDKN2A could partially offset the effect of miR-484. CONCLUSIONS MiR-484 promoted cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis by inhibiting CDKN2A expression.
Design of ant lion optimization-based PEGASIS routing protocol for energy efficiency in networks

In sensor networks the main problem facing by many researchers is regarding the energy efficiency. Different protocols are evaluated for communicating between the sensor nodes. The routing protocol when combined with evolutionary algorithms gives best optimal solution for the problem incurred in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, ant lion energy efficient-power efficient gathering in sensor information systems (ALEEPEGASIS) is used to develop the chain. This technique can achieve a global optimization solution by finding the best cluster head or the leader node for data communication. The techniques help in distributing the paths equally while the transmission of data process is performed. By performing this process, the power consumption near the sensor nodes can be reduced. The proposed technique is compared with other techniques like energy efficient PEGASIS and swarm energy efficient PEGASIS. The parameters used to compare are number of alive nodes, number of dead nodes and residual energy. The performance is observed using MATLAB simulation results.
Hypersonic Target Recognition Based on the Space-Based Hyperspectral Detector With Deep Learning

Deep learning has become a key research component of space target detection. To ensure the safety of the aerospace field with the rapid development of hypersonic vehicles, the deep learning method is applied to recognize the flight state and type of hypersonic targets (HTs) for the first time in this article. It makes two main contributions. First, a method for constructing HT datasets based on the space-based low-orbit hyperspectral detector is proposed, which uses the nonequilibrium high-temperature flow field generated during the flight of HTs to calculate the spectral radiation characteristics and simulate the intraclass variation of each subclass of hyperspectral targets in the actual observation scene. Second, an in-depth study on the performance of deep learning methods using the constructed HT dataset is conducted, as well as a comparison with a recognition benchmark using machine learning and deep learning methods is discussed. Finally, we summarize the challenges faced by HT recognition.
Numerical Study of Turbulence Induced Vibrations Using Synthetic Fluctuation Field Modeling in Nuclear Reactor Applications

The nuclear technology is changing at a rapid pace driven by the quest for more powerful and safer nuclear power plants, as a consequence several structural components in a reactor are becoming larger and slender while working fluids have higher densities and velocities. These changes can often alter the dynamics of the interaction between the coolant and the structural components and cause Flow Induced Vibrations (FIV) to become more prominent. As analytical methods are often insufficient to predict FIV in complex geometries, numerical approaches are commonly used to predict such phenomena. Of all the possible modes of excitation in a nuclear reactor, simulating Turbulence Induced Vibrations (TIV) is a particularly challenging problem due to the wide range of scales involves, and is the main focus of this thesis work. Ideally high fidelity fluid solvers using DNS or LES can be used to resolve all the scales involved, but such methods are computationally expensive for complex domains with high Reynolds numbers. In this work, an alternative method to using high fidelity solvers is presented, which involves synthetically modeling the turbulent fluctuations using the known turbulence parameters from U-RANS simulations. These fluctuation fields are then superimposed on top of the average fields and act as the required excitement at the fluid structure interface. The numerical framework in which this method is implemented is first validated with known benchmark cases and it is found that the solver produces accurate results which are in good agreement with the reference data. The capabilities of the synthetic fluctuation modeling in simulating TIV are then assessed by performing simulations of a configuration adopted from an experimental set-up. It is observed that this model is able to reproduce the dynamics of the vibrations observed in the experiments while classical U-RANS model fails to predict physical oscillations.
Efficacy of antidepressants: bias in randomized clinical trials and related issues

ABSTRACT Introduction: Countless antidepressant randomized trials were conducted and showed statistically significant benefits of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) over placebo. Meanwhile, critics are increasing regarding the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of MDD because at least a proportion of clinical trials could be hampered by various biases. In contrast, number of failed trials is increasing in the recent years which have made developing psychiatric medications progressively more time-consuming and expensive. Areas covered: Biases and related issues in clinical trials for antidepressants can be identified as an important common contributing factor to the two paradoxical phenomenon. This review identifies possible biases that can occur before, during, and after clinical trials of antidepressant. Expert commentary: Recent studies not only may over-estimate efficacy of antidepressants, but also may exaggerate placebo response because of various biases. Sponsorship and publication biases have been one of the targets of the criticism and ethical debate. Thus, initiating new trend of research by re-organizing academic-industry partnership will be the most important task in the next five years.
THE SKIN BARRIER FUNCTION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DERMATITIS.

The skin barrier is a very important element of the body as it plays crucial roles in the immune surveillance and epidermal homeostasis, and in stopping entrance of microorganisms and allergens. The capacity of the skin to protect the body relies on its structure that includes different layers of cells containing components such proteins and lipids organized in such a way that they provide a tight and strong structure to the skin. Due to various factors, impairments of the structural integrity of the skin occur and compromise its barrier functions provoking thereby immune responses that lead to inflammatory reactions responsible for skin diseases such as dermatitis. According to the causative agent, the location and the symptoms, different types of dermatitis can be identified. These include for example allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis known as eczema, seborrheic dermatitis and nummular dermatitis. Common symptoms are associated with dry and itchy skin accompanied by the occurrence of blisters. Both genetics and environmental factors play a role in the occurrence of dermatitis. The genetic factors include mutations in genes coding for important skin proteins such as filaggrin responsible for different functions mainly in relation to water retention. Environmental factors can be associated with allergens, detergent, surfactant, excessive washing and exfoliation, and inappropriate diet. This research paper provides an overview of the occurrence of dermatitis in relation to defects in the skin barrier function. Different types of dermatitis, the normal skin structure components, and its associated functions are discussed. Moreover, the basis for structural defects in the skin in relation to mainly atopic dermatitis, with an emphasis on filaggrin and its genetic underpinnings are reviewed. Aspects of the innate and adaptive immunity, including the role of antimicrobial peptides and proteases are also depicted.
Phenotypic Characterization and Comparative Genomic Analyses of Mycobacteriophage WIVsmall as A New Member Assigned to F1 Subcluster

In this study, we conducted the morphological observation, biological and genomic characterization, evolutionary analysis, comparative genomics description, and proteome identification of a recently isolated mycobacteriophage, WIVsmall. Morphologically, WIVsmall is classified as a member of the Siphoviridae family, characterized by a flexible tail, measuring approximately 212 nm in length. The double-stranded phage genome DNA of WIVsmall spans 53,359 base pairs, and exhibits a G + C content of 61.01%. The genome of WIVsmall comprises 103 protein-coding genes, while no tRNA genes were detected. The genome annotation unveiled the presence of functional gene clusters responsible for mycobacteriophage assembly and maturation, replication, cell lysis, and functional protein synthesis. Based on the analysis of the phylogenetic tree, the genome of WIVsmall was classified as belonging to subgroup F1. A comparative genomics analysis indicated that the WIVsmall genome exhibited the highest similarity to the phage SG4, with a percentage of 64%. The single-step growth curve analysis of WIVsmall revealed a latent period of 120 min, and an outbreak period of 200 min.
L-Pampo™, a Novel TLR2/3 Agonist, Acts as a Potent Cancer Vaccine Adjuvant by Activating Draining Lymph Node Dendritic Cells

Simple Summary Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists induce strong immune responses, which are used as an effective adjuvant system for vaccine development. L-pampo™ is our innovative adjuvant system containing TLR2 and TLR3 agonists, and it provides robust humoral and cellular immune responses against infectious diseases. Cancer vaccines are a type of cancer immunotherapy that activate the host immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Here, we investigate the anti-tumor efficacy and the mechanism of action of vaccines formulated with L-pampo™. We demonstrate that L-pampo™ directly stimulates the maturation and function of dendritic cells, which are essential antigen-presenting cells. Additionally, the vaccine formulated with L-pampo™ induces the recruitment of dendritic cells into lymph nodes, where they prime antigen-specific T-cell responses and induce potent anti-tumor effects. Interestingly, combining vaccines formulated with L-pampo™ with immune checkpoint inhibitors induces a synergistic anti-tumor effect, indicating that L-pampo™ can be a powerful cancer vaccine adjuvant and a potent partner for combination immunotherapy. Abstract TLR agonists have emerged as an efficient cancer vaccine adjuvant system that induces robust immune responses. L-pampo™, a proprietary vaccine adjuvant of TLR2 and TLR3 agonists, promotes strong humoral and cellular immune responses against infectious diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that vaccines formulated with L-pampo™ affect the recruitment and activation of dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and leading to antigen-specific T-cell responses and anti-tumor efficacy. We analyzed DC maturation and T-cell proliferation using flow cytometry and ELISA. We determined the effect of L-pampo™ on DCs in dLNs and antigen-specific T-cell responses using flow cytometric analysis and the ELISPOT assay. We employed murine tumor models and analyzed the anti-tumor effect of L-pampo™. We found that L-pampo™ directly enhanced the maturation and cytokine production of DCs and, consequently, T-cell proliferation. OVA or OVA peptide formulated with L-pampo™ promoted DC migration into dLNs and increased activation markers and specific DC subsets within dLNs. In addition, vaccines admixed with L-pampo™ promoted antigen-specific T-cell responses and anti-tumor efficacy. Moreover, the combination of L-pampo™ with an immune checkpoint inhibitor synergistically improved the anti-tumor effect. This study suggests that L-pampo™ can be a potent cancer vaccine adjuvant and a suitable candidate for combination immunotherapy.
Use of antagonistic bacteria against Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians causing disease in lettuce

Bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv . vitians ( Xhv ) is a disease that causes significant yield losses in lettuce. This study aimed to isolate Xhv from diseased lettuce plants and investigate the potential of biocontrol of the pathogen with candidate antagonistic bacterial strains. A total of 47 strains were isolated from diseased plant samples, and 9 of them were identified as Xhv using the Microbial Identification System (MIS). 81 strains isolated from healthy tomato and cucumber plants were tested against the pathogen in in vitro conditions and in vivo experiments. Plant growth promotion features such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium solubilisation, and biocontrol mechanisms such as siderophore, cellulase, chitinase, protease, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ACC-deaminase were determined. It was found that 14 of the strains tested against the pathogen showed antibacterial activity in vitro . In the in vitro tests, the largest inhibition zone was measured in Paenibacillus validus MFD 46 (42.0 mm) and Bacillus megaterium MFD 71 (40.6 mm) strains. In the in vivo tests, the highest biocontrol effect was determined in the applications of Bacillus subtilis MFD 7 and MFD 7+MFD 71 combinations. Bacillus sphaericus MFD 45 strains were found to be positive for all plant growth promotion parameters tested. Pantoea agglomerans MFD 8, Pseudomonas fluorescens MFD 27, and Bacillus sphaericus MFD 45 strains were found to have all the biocontrol mechanisms of action investigated. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of the strains with biocontrol activity in the control programmes against Xhv can be used as a method suitable for sustainability in agricultural production.
Central Bank Digital Currency: Stability and Information ∗

We study how the introduction of a central bank digital currency changes the ﬂow of information about current ﬁnancial conditions to the central bank. We present a model in which banks have private information about the quality of their assets. Because they anticipate being bailed out in the event of a crisis, a moral hazard problem arises and regulation is potentially useful. However, the optimal regulatory policy is state-contingent and the policy maker observes the relevant state only with a lag. We show how, under some conditions, a central bank can infer the state more quickly by introducing a digital currency and monitoring the ﬂow of funds into this new asset. This additional information increases the eﬀectiveness of the central bank’s regulatory policy and can thereby improve ﬁnancial stability.
WWγ and WZγ production at the ATLAS experiment

The study of three electroweak gauge bosons is not only a precise test of the electroweak structure of the Standard Model, but it is also sensitive to new physics. In this thesis, the measurement of WWγ and WZγ production in proton−proton collisions is presented, in which events are analysed where the W boson decays leptonically and the other heavy gauge boson decays hadronically. Two decay channels differing in the flavour of the final state lepton are studied: the electron and the muon channel. The analysed proton−proton collisions are recorded in 2012 with the ATLAS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 8 TeV and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb⁻¹. Exclusion limits on the production cross section are derived at 95 % confidence level (CL) in two different phase space regions: one is optimised for the Standard Model production and one for the search of new physics beyond the Standard Model. The best upper limits on the WWγ and WZγ production, determined in this analysis, exclude cross sections above 2.5 times the Standard Model expectation. In addition, Frequentist limits at 95% CL are derived on fourteen different anomalous quartic gauge couplings of mass dimension eight, using the framework of an effective field theory. The exclusion limits are presented with and without unitarisation.
Assessing the Knowledge and Practices of Burn First Aid in Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia

Background Burns are a prevalent type of injury that can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Burn first aid knowledge is essential for reducing its complications and improving outcomes. However, evidence of the amount of burn first aid knowledge among the general population in many nations is sparse. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 346 persons over the age of 18 from the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia. The participants’ knowledge of first aid for burns, including the appropriate steps to take in the event of a burn, the types of burns, and the proper application of burn dressings was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Results The majority of participants (73.6%) had inadequate knowledge of first aid for burns, while only 26.4% had adequate knowledge. The most common misconception among participants was the use of toothpaste, honey, or ice for burn treatment, which is not recommended. Additionally, hot water was the main cause of burning in this study. Conclusions This study underscores the necessity for targeted education and awareness-raising activities to improve the general population’s knowledge and habits about first aid for burns. Such programs can be tailored to clarify myths and misunderstandings regarding burn treatment and encourage evidence-based strategies for preventing and treating burns.