Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Undergraduation students attitudes toward the use of concept maps in a bacteriology curricular unit

Concept mapping is a tool originally designed to investigate how students learn, but it can be used also for assessment of competences/knowledge acquisition (Novak & Gowin, 1984). In this study 180 undergraduate Bacteriology students used CmapTools software for learning and assessment. During one semester the students developed electronic concept maps for three different themes studied in the laboratorial classes of Bacteriology course curriculum. At the end of the semester the students attitudes towards the use of concept mapping was assessed by the use of a questionnaire. The data from both the quantitative and qualitative part of the study revealed that undergraduate students have positive attitudes toward the use of concept mapping in Bacteriology course. They also considered the use of concept mapping as a tool that allows understanding of their own thinking processes and enhances their learning skills.
Increase of CXCR3 + T cells impairs Th17 cells recruitment in the small intestine mucosa through IFN-  and IL-18 during treated HIV-1

The restoration of CD4 + T cells, especially of Th17 cells, remains incomplete in the gut mucosa of most HIV-1-infected individuals despite sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART). Herein, we report an increase in absolute number of CXCR3 + T cells in the duodenal mucosa on ART. The frequencies of Th1 and CXCR3 + CD8 + T cells were increased and negatively correlated with CCL20 and CCL25 expression in the mucosa. Ex-vivo , we showed that IFN-  , the main cytokine produced by Th1 and effector CD8 + T cells, down-regulates the expression of CCL20 and CCL25 by small intestine enterocytes, while it increases the expression of CXCL9/10/11, the ligands of CXCR3. IL-18, a pro-Th1 cytokine produced by enterocytes also contributes to down-regulate CCL20 expression, and increases IFN-  production by Th1 cells. This could perpetuate an amplification loop for CXCR3-driven Th1-type cells recruitment to the gut, while impairing Th17 cells homing through the CCR6-CCL20 axis in treated could be functional in this setting. We thus assessed whether CXCR3 + T cells could play a role in the disequilibrium of the gut mucosa homeostasis observed in treated HIV-1-infected individuals. We examined the impact of Th1-type inflammation on the production of chemokines by the enterocytes and how it drives Th1 and Th17 cells recruitment to the gut mucosa. Isolation, differentiation of primary epithelial cells (IEC). were from bowel surgical inflammatory bowel were performed CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11
Open Discussion

INTRODUCTION Decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome has been shown to reduce mortality in critically ill patients, but little is known about the outcome of abdominal wall reconstruction. This study investigates the role of plastic surgeons in the management and reconstruction of these abdominal wall defects. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 82 consecutive critically ill patients who underwent decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome, at a university level 1 trauma center, from April 2000 to May 2004. Patients reconstructed by trauma surgeons alone (n = 15) were compared with patients reconstructed jointly with plastic surgeons (n = 12), using Student t test and chi analysis. RESULTS Eighty-two patients underwent decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome, yielding 50 survivors (61%). Of the 27 patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction, 6 had early primary fascial repair, and 21 had staged reconstruction with primary fascial closure (n = 4), components separation alone (n = 3), components separation with mesh (n = 10), or permanent mesh only (n = 4). Compared with patients whose reconstruction was performed by trauma surgeons, patients who underwent a combined approach with plastic surgeons were older (50.5 versus 31.7 years, P < 0.05), had more comorbidities (P < 0.001), were less likely to have a traumatic etiology (P < 0.001), had a longer delay to reconstruction (407 versus 119 days, P < 0.05), and were more likely to undergo components separation (P < 0.05). Mean follow-up of 11.5 months revealed 2 recurrent hernias in the combined reconstruction group, both of which were successfully repaired. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary approach is essential to the successful management of abdominal wall defects after decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome. Although carefully selected patients can undergo early primary fascial repair, most of reconstructed patients had staged closure of the abdominal wall via components separation, with a low rate of recurrent hernia. High-risk patients with large defects and comorbidities appear to benefit from the involvement of a plastic surgeon.
Buckling analysis of axially compressed SSSS thin rectangular plate using Taylor-Mclaurin shape function

A comprehensive buckling analysis of axially compressed rectangular flat thin plate with simply supported edges was carried out. The study was accomplished through a theoretical formulation based on Taylor-Mclaurin's series and application of Ritz method. The Taylor Mclaurin's series was truncated at the fifth term, which satisfied all the boundary conditions of the plate and resulted to a particular shape function for SSSS plate. The resulting shape function was substituted into the total potential energy functional, which was subsequently minimized. After minimization, the critical buckling load for the plate was obtained by making Nx the subject of the formular. The resulting critical load was found to be a function of a coefficient, “H”, and the values of H from the present study were compared with the exact values within the range of aspect ratios from o.1 to 1.0 as shown on table 1. The maximum percentage difference was found to be 0.098% for aspect ratio of 0.1, while the least percentage difference was found to be 0.05% for an aspect ratio of 1.0. Hence, the Taylor-Mclaurin series shape function obtained for the SSSS plate is a very good approximation of the exact shape function for the plate.
MODELING ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY SCORES OF BRAZILIAN MUNICIPALITIES: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES

In this paper we model the administrative efficiencies of Brazilian municipalities grouped by regions. We use the inflated beta regression model, since the efficiency indices take values in the interval (0,1]. Fully efficient units have unit efficiency scores. Except for the North of Brazil, urban counties tend to be more efficient than non-urban ones. In the Northeast and Southeast regions, counties that receive royalties in excess of 10% of their total revenue tend to be less efficient than they would be otherwise. The same holds for counties in the Northeast, Southeast and Midwest regions counties that take part in intermunicipal consortia. The South east region has the highest proportion of fully efficient units.
How to optimize patient recruitment

One of the most common challenges of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), both published and unpublished, is related to problems with recruitment. Investigators’ enthusiasm for ambitious recruitment in a trial often dissipates quickly with the realization that ambitious recruitment is often misguided. This common error has been dubbed “Lasagna’s Law”1 and Muench’s Third Law.2 Both laws point to the same principle: investigators greatly overestimate the pool of available patients who meet the inclusion criteria.3 Insufficient or untimely patient recruitment into RCTs has serious consequences. The length of the trial may need to be extended, leading to increased resource use and costs. Lengthy trials delay the availability of potentially beneficial treatments to the public.4 The integrity and validity of the study also rely on an adequate sample size. If the sample size is not achieved, there is an increased chance of committing a type II error (e.g., you are more likely to find no difference between treatments when one actually exists). The trial may have to be abandoned, and the results may not be publishable. The recruitment rate is influenced by both patient and investigator factors. A recent systematic review by Abraham and colleagues5 identified reasons why eligible patients may not want to participate in real or hypothetical surgical RCTs. Surgeons were also asked why they did not want to enroll eligible patients into real or hypothetical surgical trials. The top reasons for patient nonentry were that the patient had a preference for a certain therapy, he or she did not understand the trial (trial too complex), the patient did not want to be randomly assigned to a treatment and he or she feared a negative outcome or receiving a treatment that he or she felt was inferior. Investigators had similar reasons for not entering eligible patients, including difficulty following the study protocol (trial too complex) and completing the follow-up requirements, preference for a certain therapy and difficulties obtaining informed consent from patients. Understanding and addressing potential patient and investigator concerns is important when developing a recruitment strategy. In this article, we discuss the common issues encountered in recruiting patients for surgical trials. It is intended for anyone conducting surgical trials, including medical students, residents, and junior and senior researchers. By the end of this article, readers will be able to develop strategies to avoid some of the common pitfalls in recruitment and, if these difficulties occur, to rectify them.
A study on superoxide dismutase change trends in reproductive stages under drought stress in lentil genotypes

To study the relation between some antioxidant enzy mes activity and drought stress tolerance in advanc e lentil cultivars, 10 advanced lentil lines were cultivated in randomized complete block design in 3 replicati ons in two conditions of full irrigation and moisture stress i2011 in Ardabil IAU Research Farm. In the full irrigation condition, plants were watered through leaking meth od as needed. In moisture stress condition, one sta ge irrigation was carried out in spring (during planting) and sub sequent to flowering stage, movable plastic covers were used to prevent rain from reaching the crops. During 10, 20 and 30 days after reproduction stage, samples were prepared from both normal and drought conditions. Subsequent ly, ascorbate peroxidase was extracted through Sair am et al. method and measured by Nakano and Asada method. Res ults suggested that over time and by the increase i intensity, superoxide dismutase activity increases extensively, which is in accordance with some resea rches and in conflict with some other. Genotypes 2 and 8 had the highest superoxide dismutase activity and stood in class A, which were selected as the most tolerant genotypes based on tolerance indices and sensitivity to draug ht.
Considerations in the reclamation of cyanide heap leach dumps

Planning for the reclamation of spent ore dumps produced by cyanide heap leach processing should begin at an early stage during project feasibility studies and metallurgical testing. The key issues influencing the reclamation of cyanide heap leach dumps are site characteristics, the design of the heap leach facility, and the cyanide neutralization behavior of the ore. Water quality permit conditions and bonding provisions for heap leach facilities in most western states in the U. S. now specify residual cyanide levels for spent heaps. One way to address regulatory concerns regarding cyanide detoxification is to provide data from column cyanide neutralization tests performed on leached columns used for metallurgical testing. Heap leach project reclamation planning and closure requirements should consider the evidence that natural degradation of cyanide and cyanide attenuation by hydrogeochemical processes are capable of minimizing or eliminating shortand long-term potential water quality impacts from heap leach systems. As an overview of this topic, this paper will integrate the theoretical chemical data on cyanide with the observed geochemical behavior of cyanide in the decommissioned heap leach environment. The cyanide species that are likely to exist within an abandoned heap leach system will be identified, and the relative toxicity and potential environmental effect of these cyanide species will be discussed. These data will then be used to evaluate reclamation requirements for spent cyanided ores with respect to cyanide detoxification regulations, and recommendations will be made for obtaining cyanide neutralization data during initial project planning. CYANIDE IN THE ENVIRONMENT Cyanide is a generic term indicating the presence of the cyanide ion (CN). Cyanide is a very common, naturally occurring 77 Proceedings of the 12 Annual British Columbia Mine Reclamation Symposium in Vernon, BC, 1988. The Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation
The virtual archaeologist

Developed for an archaeological museum in Nara prefecture, Japan, this kiosk program introduces young visitors to the world of archaeology. Nara prefecture is well-known for its historical artifacts. In ancient times, it was the capital of Japan. One of the most important objectives of this software is to inspire newer generations and help them understand the value and significance of archaeological studies.
Security metrics guide for information technology systems

(NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of sensitive unclassified information in federal computer systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in computer security, and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations. iii Authority This document has been developed by NIST in furtherance of its statutory responsibilities under the Computer Security Act of 1987 and the Information Technology Management Reform Act of 1996 (specifically 15 United States Code (U.S.C.) 278 g-3 (a)(5)). This is not a guideline within the meaning of 15 U.S.C 278 g-3 (a)(3). These guidelines are for use by Federal organizations which process sensitive information. They are consistent with the requirements of OMB Circular A-130, Appendix III. This document may be used by non-governmental organizations on a voluntary basis. It is not subject to copyright. Nothing in this document should be taken to contradict standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding upon federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under his statutory authority. Nor should these guidelines be interpreted as altering or superseding the existing authorities of the Secretary of Commerce, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, or any other Federal official. Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. who reviewed drafts of this document and contributed to its development. We would like to thank Ellen Roth and Gail Brown (Booz Allen Hamilton) for the development and delivery of the metrics workshop. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of the NIST/CIO Council Metrics Working Group.
What Can Africa Expect From Its Traditional Exports ? February 2002 Africa Region

This study examines the implications of recent trade trends and long-term price projections for Sub-Saharan Africa’s major exports. Its policy message for Africa is two fold. First, Africa must diversify away from traditional products or continue to experience serious negative trade effects including; (i) declining or relatively low growth in global demand for these goods, (ii) falling real prices for traditional products, (iii) very unstable prices and export earnings, (iv) a continued marginalization in world trade, and (v) diminished growth and industrialization prospects. However, there is no evidence that any general diversification is occurring. Domestic and international policy initiates must assign a far greater importance to the need for diversifying Africa’s exports. Second, it is unlikely that major shifts in the composition of exports can occur in the short to medium-term. As such, the removal of general anti-export biases in African countries’ domestic policies, as well as initiatives to promote more competitive (low cost) prices for traditional exports, still require immediate attention. Future markets for traditional products will be highly competitive and African countries failing to implement policies promoting production efficiencies and lower costs should expect to experience major competitive export losses for these key items. Authors’ Affiliation and Sponsorship
Clinical Characterization of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Children: A Relatively Common Form of Cardiomyopathy

Background—Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a reportedly uncommon genetic disorder of endocardial morphogenesis with a reportedly high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics of children with LVNC. Methods and Results—We retrospectively reviewed 36 children with LVNC evaluated at Texas Children’s Hospital (TCH) from January 1997 to December 2002. Five children had associated cardiac lesions. There were 16 girls and 20 boys. The median age at presentation was 90 days (range, 1 day to 17 years). The median duration of follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 0.5 to 12 years). Twenty-seven patients (75%) had ECG abnormalities, most commonly biventricular hypertrophy (10 patients, 28%). Both ventricles were involved in 8 patients (22%) and only the left ventricle in 28 patients (78%). Left ventricular systolic function was depressed in 30 patients (83%), with a median ejection fraction of 30% (range, 15% to 66%) at diagnosis. Nine patients presenting in the first year of life with depressed left ventricular contractility had a transient recovery of function; however, ejection fraction deteriorated later in life, at a median interval of 6.3years (range, 3 to 12 years). Two patients had an “undulating” phenotype from dilated to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two patients (6%) were identified with an underlying G4.5 gene mutation. Five patients (14%) died during the study. Conclusions—LVNC does not have an invariably fatal course when diagnosed in the neonatal period. A significant number of patients have transient recovery of function followed by later deterioration, which may account for many patients presenting as adults, some manifesting an “undulating” phenotype.
Honey in the treatment of burns: a systematic review and meta-analysis of its efficacy.

AIM To determine the efficacy of honey in burn wound management. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials which compared the efficacy of honey with a comparator dressing treatment in the management of burns. The main outcome measure was the proportion of subjects with wounds healed at 15 days. RESULTS Eight studies with 624 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The quality of the studies was poor with each study having a Jadad score of 1. Six studies were undertaken by the same investigator. In most studies unprocessed honey covered by sterile gauze was compared with silver sulphadiazine-impregnated gauze. The fixed effects odds ratio for healing at 15 days was 6.1 (95% CI 3.7 to 9.9) in favour of honey having a superior effect. The random effects pooled odds ratio was 6.7 (95% CI 2.8 to 15.8) in favour of honey treatment. The secondary outcome variables all showed significantly greater efficacy for honey treatment. CONCLUSION Available evidence indicates markedly greater efficacy of honey compared with alternative dressing treatments for superficial or partial thickness burns, although the limitations of the studies included in the meta-analysis restrict the clinical application of these findings. Further studies are urgently required to determine the role of honey in the management of superficial or partial thickness burns.
ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation

Authors/Task Force Members: Christian W. Hamm (Chairperson) (Germany)*, Jean-Pierre Bassand (Co-Chairperson)*, (France), Stefan Agewall (Norway), Jeroen Bax (The Netherlands), Eric Boersma (The Netherlands), Hector Bueno (Spain), Pio Caso (Italy), Dariusz Dudek (Poland), Stephan Gielen (Germany), Kurt Huber (Austria), Magnus Ohman (USA), Mark C. Petrie (UK), Frank Sonntag (Germany), Miguel Sousa Uva (Portugal), Robert F. Storey (UK), William Wijns (Belgium), Doron Zahger (Israel).
2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the preventionof sudden cardiac death

Authors/Task Force Members: Silvia G. Priori*(Chairperson) (Italy) Carina Blomström-Lundqvist*(Co-chairperson) (Sweden) Andrea Mazzanti† (Italy), Nico Blom (The Netherlands), Martin Borggrefe (Germany), John Camm (UK), Perry Mark Elliott (UK), Donna Fitzsimons (UK), Robert Hatala (Slovakia), Gerhard Hindricks (Germany), Paulus Kirchhof (UK/Germany), Keld Kjeldsen (Denmark), Karl-Heinz Kuck (Germany), Antonio Hernandez-Madrid (Spain), Nikolaos Nikolaou (Greece), Tone M. Norekvål (Norway), Christian Spaulding (France), and Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen (The Netherlands)
HERDABILIDADE E CORRELAÇÕES GENÉTICAS, FENOTÍPICAS E AMBIENTAIS PARA PESOS EM DIFERENTES IDADES DE BOVINOS DA RAÇA TABAPUÃ* (Heritability and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for weight at different ages in bovines of tabapuã breed)

Palavras chave: gado de corte, herdabilidade, correlacoes, pesos corporais, raca Tabapua. ABSTRACT - Knowledge of the genetic, phenotypic and environmental parameters of traits of economical value has fundamental importance for the outlaying of selection programs in beef cattle, because it allows to foresee the possibility of success with selection. The objective of this work was to obtain estimates of heritability and genetic, phenotypic and environmental correlations for body weights at weaning (W205), one year (W365) and 18 months of age (W550) of bovines from Tabapua breed. The data, referring to 15,358 animals, were analyzed by the derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (DFREML) method. The model for W205 contained the random effects of animal, sire and dam and the fixed effects of contemporary groups (farm, unit of the federation, sex, season and year of birth of the animal) and the co-variable age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic). For W365 and W550, a similar model was used, however without the maternal effects and the covariable age of the cow. The heritability estimates were 0.23, 0.21 and 0.15, for W205, W365 and W550, respectively. The estimates of genetic correlations were 0.81 (W205 and W365), 0.83 (W205 and W550) and 0.82 (W365 and W550). Phenotypic correlations were, in
Implementing Evidence-Based Practice in Community Corrections: The Principles of Effective Intervention Introduction and Background

tions has suffered from a lack of research that identified proven methods of reducing offender recidivism. Recent research efforts based on meta-analysis (the syntheses of data from many research studies) (McGuire, 2002; Sherman et al, 1998), cost-benefit analysis (Aos, 1998) and specific clinical trials (Henggeler et al, 1997; Meyers et al, 2002) have broken through this barrier and are now providing the field with indications of how to better reduce recidivism.