Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EEG Emotion Recognition Based on Temporal and Spatial Features of Sensitive signals

Currently, there are some problems in the electrocorticogram (EEG) emotion recognition research, such as single feature, redundant signal, which make it impossible to achieve high-precision recognition accuracy when used a few channel signals. To solve the abovementioned problems, the authors proposed a method for emotion recognition based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with neurophysiological knowledge. First, the authors selected emotion-sensitive signals based on the physiological function of EEG regions and the active scenario of the band signals, and then merged temporal and spatial features extracted from sensitive signals by LSTM and CNN. Finally, merged features were classified to recognize emotion. The method was experimented on the DEAP dataset, the average accuracy in the valence and arousal dimensions were 92.87% and 93.23%, respectively. Compared with similar studies, it not only improved the recognition accuracy, but also greatly reduced the calculation channel, which proved the superiority of the method.
Ill-posed problems in early vision: from computational theory to analogue networks

We outline a theoretical framework that leads from the computational nature of early vision to algorithms for solving them and finally to a specific class of analogue and parallel hardware for the efficient solution of these algorithms. The common computational structure of many early vision problems is that they are mathematically ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard. Regularization analysis can be used to solve them in terms of variational principles of a specific type that enforce constraints derived from a physical analysis of the problem. Studies of human perception may reveal whether principles of a similar type are exploited by biological vision. We also show that the corresponding variational principles can be implemented in a natural way by analogue networks. Specific electrical and chemical networks for localizing edges and computing visual motion are derived. We suggest that local circuits of neurons may exploit this unconventional model of computation.
Update diagnostische Bildgebung des dopaminergen Systems

Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit gibt ein Update zu dem Einsatz der SPECT- und PET-Bildgebung des prä- und postsynaptischen dopaminergen Systems bei klinisch wichtigen Bewegungsstörungen. Die typischen Untersuchungsbefunde bei neurodegenerativen Parkinson-Syndromen (idiopathisch und nicht-idiopathisch), symptomatischen Parkinson-Syndromen und wichtigen Differentialdiagnosen werden beschrieben. Es wird auf den klinisch praktischen Stellenwert der Methoden eingegangen, deren diagnostische Aussagekraft und Limitationen bewertet, das Thema standardisierter Auswertungen angesprochen und auf die in Leitlinien festgehaltenen Einsatzbereiche Bezug genommen.
Solar flare shocks in interplanetary space and solar flare particle events

We examine data on particle events resulting from three solar flares, two of which generated interplanetary shocks, to determine the effect of the shocks on the population of protons at energies ≳ 30 MeV. In both cases, the arrival of the shock marks the start of the decay phase of the particle event, and changes in particle anisotropies are related to features in the shock structure. We conclude that each shock is a source of protons with energies ≳ 30 MeV, which propagate along the interplanetary magnetic field lines and are observed at large distances (1 AU) away from the shock. A model in which these protons are accelerated by the shocks rather than being stored in or contained behind the shocks is shown to be consistent with the observations.
The Relationship between Family Function and Emotional Mental Problems in Children in Surabaya

The family is the main factor in the emotional and mental formation of the child. A child's emotional mental problem is a mental change that pathologically occurs in the child. This study aims to identify the relationship between family functioning and emotional mental problems in children. This study used a cross-sectional analytical method using The McMaster Familly Assessment Device questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire. The results of this study showed that there was a relationship between family functioning and children's emotional mental problems on difficulty scores with p = 0.000 < 0.05; r = - 0.327, and there is no relationship between family functioning and the child's emotional mental problems on the strength score, p = 0.074 > 0.05
Quantum monodromy and pattern formation

Hamiltonian monodromy is known to be the first obstruction to the existence of global action coordinates in integrable systems. Its manifestation in quantum systems can be seen as characteristic defects of the regular lattice formed by the joint eigenvalues of mutually commuting quantum operators. The relation between topology of singular fibers of classical integrable fibrations and patterns formed by joint spectrum of corresponding quantum systems is discussed. The notion of the sign of ‘elementary monodromy defect’ is introduced on the basis of ‘cut and glue’ construction of the lattice defects. Special attention is paid to non-elementary defects which generically appear in phyllotaxis patterns and can be associated with plant morphology.
Incomplete Rationality vs. Incomplete Strategy in Minority Game Model

Based on standard minority game, an Irrationality Agent Minority Game (IAMG) model is proposed, in which agents are less rational to make use of its strategy properly at each step. The control parameter of irrationality, pI, represents the probability of an agent acting irrationally, which could be explained with the personal defect. Like the incomplete (strategy) minority game (IMG) model introduced in our previous paper, this IAMG model also has three failsafe mode including (R0) random action, (R1) random strategy and (R4)”Back- to-Best”. The IAMG model can be explain with analytic equations similar with the IMG, and simulation results match the trend of the conclusion. Irrationality shows a great effect on system efficiency, and system efficiency reaches its top value at a smaller pIc than pIc in IMG. The IAMG and IMG model can be used to explain the deviation of some game theory simulations, and to understand the system performance with abundant agents of various characters.
Image-based analysis of blood flow modification in stented aneurysms

Currently there is increased interest in the use of stents as flow diverters for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, especially wide necked aneurysms that are difficult to treat by coil embolization or surgical clipping. This paper presents image-based patient-specific computational models of the hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms before and after treatment with a stent alone, with the goal of better understanding the hemodynamic effects of these devices and their relation to the outcome of the procedures. Stenting of cerebral aneurysms is a feasible endovascular treatment option for aneurysms with wide necks that are difficult to treat with coils or by surgical clipping. However, this requires stents that are capable of substantially modifying the intra-aneurysmal flow pattern in order to cause thrombosis of the aneurysm. The results presented in this paper show that the studied stent was able to change significantly the hemodynamic characteristics of the aneurysm. In addition, it was shown that patient-specific computational models constructed from medical images are capable of realistically representing the in vivo hemodynamic characteristics observed during conventional angiography examinations before and after stenting. This indicates that these models can be used to better understand the effects of different stent designs and to predict the alteration in the hemodynamic pattern of a given aneurysm produced by a given flow diverter. This is important for improving current design of flow diverting devices and patient treatment plans.
Anthocyanins Profiling Analysis and RNA-Seq Revealed the Dominating Pigments and Coloring Mechanism in Cyclamen Flowers

Simple Summary Flower color is a complex plant trait that is mainly controlled by the accumulation of pigments, such as anthocyanins. However, the great diversity of flower color in plants cannot be attributed to a single pigment. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is needed to fully understand the whole pigment spectrum. In this study, we used metabolomics to profile more than 100 plant pigment in red-flowered cyclamen. By comparing the anthocyanins metabolome in white-flowered cyclamen, we were able to identify key anthocyanins that are highly abundant in red flowers, but low in white flowers. Thus, we can pinpoint the pigments underlying specific flower color phenotype. To further reveal the gene expression network that ultimately controlling the production of pigments, we also performed RNA-Seq using the same plant materials. The transcriptomics revealed a significant altered gene expression profile between red flowers compared to white flowers. More importantly, differential expression analysis allowed us to identify key genes governing the pigment metabolome and flower color. Collectively, our study significantly advanced our understanding of the molecular basis of flower color in cyclamen. Abstract Pigments in cyclamen (Cyclamen purpurascens) endows flowers with great ornamental and medicinal values. However, little is known about the biosynthetic pathways of pigments, especially anthocyanins, in cyclamen flowers. Herein, anthocyanins profiling and RNA-Seq were used to decipher the molecular events using cyclamen genotypes of red (HXK) or white (BXK) flowers. We found that red cyclamen petals are rich in cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and ruti. In addition, our transcriptomics data revealed 3589 up-regulated genes and 2788 down-regulated genes comparing the BXK to HXK. Our rich dataset also identified eight putative key genes for anthocyanin synthesis, including four chalcone synthase (CHS, g13809_i0, g12097_i0, g18851_i0, g36714_i0), one chalcone isomerase (CHI, g26337_i0), two flavonoid 3-hydroxylase (F3′H, g14710_i0 and g15005_i0), and one anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, g18981_i0). Importantly, we found a 2.5 order of magnitude higher expression of anthocyanin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (g8206_i0), which encodes a key gene in glycosylation of anthocyanins, in HXK compared to BXK. Taken together, our multiomics approach demonstrated massive changes in gene regulatory networks and anthocyanin metabolism in controlling cyclamen flower color.
A BODIPY Derivative for Selective Fluorescent Chemosensing of Iron (III)

: A BODIPY derivative functionalized with a phenyl group at the meso -position was synthesized and characterized through 1 H NMR and UV–Vis absorption/emission spectroscopies. The compound showed an absorption band at 497 nm and a ﬂuorescence band at 513 nm, with a Φ F = 0.68 in acetonitrile. The evaluation of the chemosensing ability of the BODIPY was investigated in the presence of several ions with environmental and biomedical relevance. A highly selective ﬂuorimet-ric response was observed for Fe 3+ through ﬂuorescence quenching upon successive additions of this cation.
Interactions between soil water and plant community during vegetation succession in the restored grasslands on the Loess Plateau of China

Plant–soil water relations are important for understanding the development of plant communities, especially in arid and semiarid areas. However, the interactions between vegetation characteristics and soil water dynamics in the restored grasslands along succession chronosequence were limitedly understood. In this study, we measured the functional traits of dominant species, plant community characteristics and soil water dynamics in grasslands restored for 5, 15, and 30 years (RG5, RG15 and RG30, respectively), and investigated the linkage between plant traits and soil water at the community/plot scale. The results showed that soil water content was high at RG5, while soil water storage increment at RG5 was low. With soil water content highest at RG5 (16.25%), decreased at RG15 (14.81%), and then recovered in some degree at RG30 (15.2%), dominant plant species changed from pioneer species Artemisia capillaries to perennial legume Lespedesa davurica with high specific leaf area, and finally to perennial forb Stipa bungeana with low specific leaf area and low shoot/root ratio. Plant community characteristics including aboveground biomass, vegetation coverage, species diversity all increased with restoration and reached the highest value at RG15 or RG30. Aboveground biomass of perennial grass, as well as species richness showed a significantly positive relationship with soil water recharge and soil water storage increment at deeper layers (10–120 cm and 40–120 cm). Species diversity had positive correlations with soil water content in 0–10 cm layer, a negative correlation with soil water storage increment in 0–10 cm layer and no correlation in 10–20 cm layer. Our findings suggested that changes in soil water content might enhance perennial grass species in semiarid grasslands, and time lag also existed in the plant–soil water interactions.
Zinc-embedded silica nanoparticle layer in a multilayer coating on a glass substrate achieves broadband antireflection and high transparency

A zinc-embedded silica (Zn-SiO2) nanoparticle layer has been applied as the outermost layer over the three-layer coating system, Zn-SiO2∕SiO2∕ITO (indium tin oxide), coated on a soda-lime glass substrate. The additional coating of the zinc-embedded nanoparticle layer over the 2-layer/glass, i.e., SiO2∕ITO∕glass system, yielded a significant diminution in reflectance, as well as an improved transmittance as compared to the 2-layer/glass system. Plausible mechanisms responsible for such phenomena are discussed. The application of the zinc-embedded silica nanoparticle layer to the multilayer coating system is shown to provide a flexible way to achieve a broadband antireflection and a high transmission.
Visualizing phase velocity in photonic crystals

The phase velocity in photonic crystals is analyzed with the aid of a finite-difference time-domain simulation. The results of the simulation is used to display an animation of the phase evolution of an electromagnetic wave propagating through a photonic crystal slab. The phase velocity is indicated by the direction of motion of the phase inside the photonic crystal. This motion is found to be in the direction of propagation even though the eective refractive index under the operating conditions is negative. This can be explained by the location of the dominant values of the Fourier coeffcient function in the k-space representation of fields in the photonic crystal.
A‐model as a way of squirrel cage induction motor modelling used in pumps drive systems

This paper presents application of differential equations in modelling and simulation tests of water supply network pumps drive system together with powered water supply pipelines. The description is preceded with an analysis of practically applicable mathematical models representing drive systems with induction motors and PWM converter. Models of electric devices and their elements, from the viewpoint of the methods used to describe the phenomena occurring in them, can be divided into three basic groups: circuit models, semi‐field models, and field models. Each of these groups has its own purpose depending on the complexity of the modelled electric system, the types of devices, and the required accuracy in the reconstruction of processes actually occurring in the system. In the case under consideration, sufficient accuracy is ensured by circuit models. Mathematical models of PWM converter, squirrel‐cage induction motor, and pump together with a pipeline allow to carry out computer simulations of the whole drive system consisting of the above‐listed elements. Simulations of the system of such complexity definitely pose a more difficult problem than simulation of each of the elements performed separately. In the following, mathematical models of individual elements and selected simulation tests of the system are presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zur Dynamotheorie stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder I. Berechnung sonnenähnlicher Wechselfeldgeneratoren

Nichtspiegelsymmetrische turbulente Bewegungen in einem elektrisch leitenden fluiden Medium rufen im Mittel eine elektromotorische Kraft (EMK) α parallel zum mittleren Magnetfeld hervor. Dieser Effekt – im folgenden α-Effekt genannt – kann zum selbsterregten Aufbau von Magnetfeldern aus schwachen Anfangsfeldern fuhren. Da eine Turbulenz in rotierenden Systemen auf Grund der Wirkung von Corioliskraften im allgemeinen nichtspiegelsymmetrisch ist, wird eine Erklarung der Herkunft stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder moglich. – In dem ersten Teil dieser Arbeit werden spharische Wechselfeldgeneratoren unter Bedingungen, die denen der Sonne ahnlich sind, berechnet. Der selbsterregte Aufbau wird durch den a-Effekt und eine nichtstarre Rotation bewirkt. – Durch Separation des grundlegenden Systems von partiellen Differentialgleichungen werden wir auf ein zweiparametriges Eigenwertproblem fur ein unendliches System gewohnlicher Differentialgleichungen gefuhrt; die beiden Eigenwerte kennzeichnen die Frequenz des Wechselfeldes und die Grose der Induktionswirkungen, die zu einer Aufrechterhaltung notwendig sind. Die numerische Losung des Eigenwertproblemes wurde auf einem elektronischen Rechenautomaten durchgefuhrt. – Die erzielten Ergebnisse beweisen die Moglichkeit von magnetohydrodynamischen Wechselfeldgeneratoren. Ferner zeigen die Grose der berechneten Eigenwerte und die Ahnlichkeiten zwischen den berechneten Feldern und dem beobachteten allgemeinen Magnetfeld der Sonne, das diese einen solchen Wechselfelddynamo realisiert. Non-reflectionsymmetric turbulent motions in an electrically conducting fluid provide for an average electromotoric force α parallel to the average magnetic field . This effect – furthermore called α-effect – can lead to a self-excited built-up of magnetic fields by dynamo action. Since by actions of Coriolis forces turbulent motions in rotating systems generally are non-reflectionsymmetric, the explanation of stellar and planetary magnetic fields becomes possible. – In this first part spherical alternating field dynamos are calculated on conditions similar to those at the sun; α-effect and differential rotation provide for dynamo action. – The basic equations, which form a system of partial differential equations, are treated by a separation method; in this way our problem is transformed into a two-parametric eigenvalue problem for an infinite system of ordinary differential equations. The two eigenvalues determine the frequency and the amount of the induction actions necessary for the field maintenance. The solution of this problem was made by an electronic computer. – The results give evidence for the possibility of magnetohydrodynamic alternating field dynamos. Furthermore the magnitude of the calculated eigenvalues and the similarities between the calculated field and the observed solar magnetic field are showing that the sun realizes a dynamo of this kind.
Lamb wave mode conversion and multiple-reflection mechanisms for simply and reliably evaluating delamination in composite laminates

Lamb wave propagation must be understood comprehensively for simply evaluating delamination during ultrasonic testing. However, the difference between wave propagation, visualized using laser Doppler vibrometer and pulsed-laser scanners, has not been sufficiently investigated, and knowledge of optimal conditions for evaluating delamination is limited. Thus, in this study, the mode conversion and multiple reflections of Lamb waves propagating in a delaminated cross-ply laminate were visualized using different laser scanners, delamination depths, and wave incident angles. Delamination was characterized using maximum-amplitude map postprocessing under specific conditions. Further numerical analysis revealed that owing to multiple reflections of the antisymmetric mode in incident and mode-converted waves, standing waves were generated in the delaminated sublaminate. Dispersion curve and flexural stiffness calculations confirmed the conditions required for high-amplitude standing waves, thereby providing guidelines for simply and reliably evaluating delamination during inspections.
A compact dual-band bandpass SIW filter

A novel method for the design of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) dual-band bandpass filter is presented in this paper. Dual-band response is achieved by TE101 mode and diagonal TE201 (TE102) mode. The resonant frequency of TE101 mode can be adjusted by the location of perturbation vias while the resonant frequency of diagonal TE201 (TE102) mode keeps unchanged. A design example with second-order filter response is given and verified by experiments. The vertically stacked SIW resonators are used here to save the size.
Deep electromagnetic images of seismogenic zone of the chi‐chi (Taiwan) earthquake

Abstract A localized shear stress concentration, provoked by the tectonic escape process, in the source region of the Chi‐Chi (Taiwan) Earthquake has been used to explain the mechanism of the ML=7.3 devastating earthquake. This study, by employing the geophysical magnetotellurics (MT) soundings technique, mapped the deep electrical structures beneath the seismogenic zone of the Chi‐Chi Earthquake and shows prominent effects. About fifty MT soundings were conducted and analyzed to recover 3D resistivity distributions. Results show a distinct low resistivity anomaly, less than 10‐ohm‐m, with depth ranging to greater than 10 km, which extends laterally no less than 10 km beneath the hypocenter of the earthquake. Correlations of the resistivity model with the seismogenic zone of the Chi‐Chi Earthquake, raises the important possibility that the fluids released though crust dehydration may have been one of the most important causes of the Chi‐Chi Earthquake. The MT model also suggests that the potential sources of these fluids may be: (1) fluids trapped in pore spaces at shallow depths, less than 8 km, and (2) the accumulation of fluids in the crust, greater than 12 km, contributed by the subducted ocean crust on the top of the slab.
Pick Your Poison: A Semester-Long Case Study for Undergraduate Toxicology

The ability to collate information from diverse scientific resources and effectively employ scientific writing is an essential skill for scientists. This lesson describes a semester-long project entitled “Pick Your Poison,” which is designed for use in a one-semester Toxicology course. Students are each assigned to or choose their own individual toxicant as a case study from a pre-selected list of toxicants (poisons) that align with the theme of the course. As content is covered in the course, students complete ten scaffolded, low-stakes writing modules that are shared with groupmates of 4–5 students. Each module covers a major feature of the toxicant, such as chemical features, characteristics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME), and organ-specific toxicities. Students share their work with their group mates and the instructor, peer review one another’s work, and then edit their original post as appropriate to produce a concise, 3–4 paragraph product. At the end of the course, students compile their writing modules into an article in the format of the Encyclopedia of Toxicology. This project can be adapted to any toxicology course through alteration of the content and number of modules and/or the type of final deliverable. Several evidence-based and inclusive teaching practices are included, such as writing-to-learn, peer review, and low-stakes assessments.