Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Path to Smart Farming: Innovations and Opportunities in Precision Agriculture

Precision agriculture employs cutting-edge technologies to increase agricultural productivity while reducing adverse impacts on the environment. Precision agriculture is a farming approach that uses advanced technology and data analysis to maximize crop yields, cut waste, and increase productivity. It is a potential strategy for tackling some of the major issues confronting contemporary agriculture, such as feeding a growing world population while reducing environmental effects. This review article examines some of the latest recent advances in precision agriculture, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and how to make use of big data. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent innovations, challenges, and future prospects of precision agriculture and smart farming. It presents an analysis of the current state of precision agriculture, including the most recent innovations in technology, such as drones, sensors, and machine learning. The article also discusses some of the main challenges faced by precision agriculture, including data management, technology adoption, and cost-effectiveness.
Coupled Point Process-based Sequence Modeling for Privacy-preserving Network Alignment

Network alignment aims at finding the correspondence of nodes across different networks, which is significant for many applications, e.g., fraud detection and crime network tracing across platforms. In practice, however, accessing the topological information of different networks is often restricted and even forbidden, considering privacy and security issues. Instead, what we observed might be the event sequences of the networks' nodes in the continuous-time domain. In this study, we develop a coupled neural point process-based (CPP) sequence modeling strategy, which provides a solution to privacy-preserving network alignment based on the event sequences. Our CPP consists of a coupled node embedding layer and a neural point process module. The coupled node embedding layer embeds one network's nodes and explicitly models the alignment matrix between the two networks. Accordingly, it parameterizes the node embeddings of the other network by the push-forward operation. Given the node embeddings, the neural point process module jointly captures the dynamics of the two networks' event sequences. We learn the CPP model in a maximum likelihood estimation framework with an inverse optimal transport (IOT) regularizer. Experiments show that our CPP is compatible with various point process backbones and is robust to the model misspecification issue, which achieves encouraging performance on network alignment. The code is available at https://github.com/Dixin-s-Lab/CNPP.
Preparation of polymeric hybrid nanocomposites based upon PE and silica

In this study is described the realization of nanocomposites based on a dispersion of nanoscopic silica particles in a polyethylene matrix. There is explained the realization of an hybrid material promoting the formation of covalent bonding between the inorganic phase and the polymeric organic matrix. In order to do this and to enhance the miscibility between the two phases, coupling agents have been used. Silane coupling agents containing vinyl groups have been utilized; they are able, after an electron beam radiation treatment, to react with themselves or with the matrix forming a crosslinking. The morphology and thermo-oxidative properties were investigated.
DiffAR: Adaptive Conditional Diffusion Model for Temporal-augmented Human Activity Recognition

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a fundamental sensing and analysis technique that supports diverse applications, such as smart homes and healthcare. In device-free and non-intrusive HAR, WiFi channel state information (CSI) captures wireless signal variations caused by human interference without the need for video cameras or on-body sensors. However, current CSI-based HAR performance is hampered by incomplete CSI recordings due to fixed window sizes in CSI collection and human/machine errors that incur missing values in CSI. To address these issues, we propose DiffAR, a temporal-augmented HAR approach that improves HAR performance by augmenting CSI. DiffAR devises a novel Adaptive Conditional Diffusion Model (ACDM) to synthesize augmented CSI, which tackles the issue of fixed windows by forecasting and handles missing values with imputation. Compared to existing diffusion models, ACDM improves the synthesis quality by guiding progressive synthesis with step-specific conditions. DiffAR further exploits an ensemble classifier for activity recognition using both raw and augmented CSI. Extensive experiments on four public datasets show that DiffAR achieves the best synthesis quality of augmented CSI and outperforms state-of-the-art CSI-based HAR methods in recognition performance. The source code of DiffAR is available at https://github.com/huangshk/DiffAR.
Function Approximation for Reinforcement Learning Controller for Energy from Spread Waves

The industrial multi-generator Wave Energy Converters (WEC) must handle multiple simultaneous waves coming from different directions called spread waves. These complex devices in challenging circumstances need controllers with multiple objectives of energy capture efficiency, reduction of structural stress to limit maintenance, and proactive protection against high waves. The Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) controller trained with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm can handle these complexities. In this paper, we explore different function approximations for the policy and critic networks in modeling the sequential nature of the system dynamics and find that they are key to better performance. We investigated the performance of a fully connected neural network (FCN), LSTM, and Transformer model variants with varying depths and gated residual connections. Our results show that the transformer model of moderate depth with gated residual connections around the multi-head attention, multi-layer perceptron, and the transformer block (STrXL) proposed in this paper is optimal and boosts energy efficiency by an average of 22.1% for these complex spread waves over the existing spring damper (SD) controller. Furthermore, unlike the default SD controller, the transformer controller almost eliminated the mechanical stress from the rotational yaw motion for angled waves. Demo: https://tinyurl.com/yueda3jh
Direct observation for relative-humidity-dependent mixing states of submicron particles containing organic surfactants and inorganic salts

Abstract. Aerosol mixing state plays an important role in heterogeneous reactions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. Organic surfactants could affect aerosol mixing state through bulk–surface partitioning. However, the mixing state of surfactant-containing particles remains unclear due to the lack of direct measurements. Here, direct characterizations of the mixing state for 20 kinds of submicron particles containing inorganic salts (NaCl and (NH4)2SO4) and atmospheric organic surfactants (organosulfates, organosulfonates, and dicarboxylic acids) were conducted upon relative humidity (RH) cycling by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). As the RH increased, the surfactant shells inhibited water diffusion being exposed to the inorganic core, leading to notably increased inorganic deliquescence RH (88.3 %–99.5 %) when compared with pure inorganic aerosol. Meanwhile, we directly observed an obvious Ostwald ripening process (that is, the growth of larger crystals at the expense of smaller ones) in 6 out of 10 NaCl–organic surfactant systems. As a result of water inhibition by the organic surfactant shell, Ostwald ripening in all systems occurred at RH above 90 %, which were higher than the reported RH range for pure NaCl measured at 27 ∘C (75 %–77 %). As RH decreased, eight systems underwent liquid–liquid-phase separation (LLPS) before efflorescence, showing a strong dependence on the organic molecular oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O:C). Quantitatively, LLPS was always observed when O:C≤0.43 and was never observed when O:C>∼0.57. Separation RH (SRH) of inorganic salt–organic surfactant mixtures generally followed the trend of (NH4)2SO4 < NaCl, which is consistent with their salting-out efficiencies reported in previous studies. Solid-phase separations were observed after efflorescence for systems without LLPS. Our results provide a unique insight into the consecutive mixing processes of the inorganic salt–organic surfactant particles, which would help improve our fundamental knowledge of model development on radiative effect.
Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Novel 4-(Benzofuran-2-yl)-N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imines, Crystal Structure Elucidation, and the Effect of Phenyl Substitution on Crystal Packing

A one-pot reaction of an equimolar mixture of 4-methoxyaniline, phenyl isothiocyanate, and 2-bromoacetylbenzofuran in absolute ethanol in the absence of any catalysts afforded 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine with an 83% yield. Under similar conditions, 4-flouroaniline provided a mixture of the expected 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine and unexpected 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylthiazol-2(3H)-imine at an overall 73% yield. The structures of the synthesized heterocycles were confirmed using NMR spectroscopy. The products were recrystallized from dimethylformamide to afford samples suitable for structural determination via single-crystal diffraction. The molecules of the products share a common backbone and have similar conformations. They also display some common intermolecular interactions, including C–H···X (X = N, O, π) and π···π contacts. The molecules differ due to the methoxy and fluoro substituents on their phenyl rings, resulting in variations in the extended network in the crystals. Electron density maps and Hirshfeld surfaces have been used to rationalize the intermolecular contacts.
Safety Verification and Universal Invariants for Relational Action Bases

Modeling and verification of dynamic systems operating over a relational representation of states are increasingly investigated problems in AI, Business Process Management and Database Theory. To make these systems amenable to verification, the amount of information stored in each state needs to be bounded, or restrictions are imposed on the preconditions and effects of actions. We lift these restrictions by introducing the framework of Relational Action Bases (RABs), which generalizes existing frameworks and in which unbounded relational states are evolved through actions that can (1) quantify both existentially and universally over the data, and (2) use arithmetic constraints. We then study parameterized safety of RABs via (approximated) SMT-based backward search, singling out essential meta-properties of the resulting procedure, and showing how it can be realized by an off-the-shelf combination of existing verification modules of the state-of-the-art MCMT model checker. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on a benchmark of data-aware business processes. Finally, we show how universal invariants can be exploited to make this procedure fully correct.
O USO DA GAMIFICAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE ENSINO NA AULA DE BIOLOGIA DO 1° ANO DO ENSINO MÉDIO DURANTE O ESTÁGIO SUPERVISIONADO II: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

O presente artigo aborda o uso da gamificação como estratégia de ensino inovador na disciplina de Biologia do 1º ano do Ensino Médio, na escola estadual de tempo integral Carauari, município de Carauari – AM, durante o estágio supervisionado II em licenciatura em computação. Embora as pesquisas sobre gamificação tenham tido sucesso, sua aplicação como estratégia de aprendizagem em sala de aula ainda é um desafio, especialmente devido à falta de ferramentas adequadas e à baixa qualidade da internet no município. O objetivo do artigo é descrever as contribuições da gamificação para facilitar o processo de aprendizagem em sala de aula, buscando aumentar o engajamento dos alunos e promover a assimilação de conteúdos de forma lúdica e interativa. A pesquisa descritiva de natureza qualitativa foi realizada observação e uma avaliação gamificada na plataforma online Quizizz. Os alunos acessam os seguidos do Quizizz por meio de um código exclusivo fornecido pelo professor estagiário ou link compartilhado. Durante o atendimento, obteve feedback instantâneo sobre suas respostas, incentivando a aprendizagem ativa e fornecendo oportunidades de correção imediata. Os resultados que a gamificação obteve na aula de Biologia foi bem recebida pelos alunos, aumentando o envolvimento e a participação ativa nas atividades. Conclui-se que a gamificação pode ser uma estratégia eficaz para o ensino de Biologia no 1º ano do Ensino Médio. O uso dessa abordagem pode tornar o processo de aprendizagem mais atraente e significativo para os alunos.
The salamander blastema within the broader context of metazoan regeneration

Throughout the animal kingdom regenerative ability varies greatly from species to species, and even tissue to tissue within the same organism. The sheer diversity of structures and mechanisms renders a thorough comparison of molecular processes truly daunting. Are “blastemas” found in organisms as distantly related as planarians and axolotls derived from the same ancestral process, or did they arise convergently and independently? Is a mouse digit tip blastema orthologous to a salamander limb blastema? In other fields, the thorough characterization of a reference model has greatly facilitated these comparisons. For example, the amphibian Spemann-Mangold organizer has served as an amazingly useful comparative template within the field of developmental biology, allowing researchers to draw analogies between distantly related species, and developmental processes which are superficially quite different. The salamander limb blastema may serve as the best starting point for a comparative analysis of regeneration, as it has been characterized by over 200 years of research and is supported by a growing arsenal of molecular tools. The anatomical and evolutionary closeness of the salamander and human limb also add value from a translational and therapeutic standpoint. Tracing the evolutionary origins of the salamander blastema, and its relatedness to other regenerative processes throughout the animal kingdom, will both enhance our basic biological understanding of regeneration and inform our selection of regenerative model systems.
A Secure and Disambiguating Approach for Generative Linguistic Steganography

Segmentation ambiguity in generative linguistic steganography could induce decoding errors. One existing disambiguating way is removing the tokens whose mapping words are the prefixes of others in each candidate pool. However, it neglects probability distribution of candidates and degrades imperceptibility. To enhance steganographic security, meanwhile addressing segmentation ambiguity, we propose a secure and disambiguating approach for linguistic steganography. In this letter, we focus on two questions: (1) Which candidate pools should be modified? (2) Which tokens should be retained? Firstly, we propose a secure token-selection principle that the sum of selected tokens' probabilities is positively correlated to statistical imperceptibility. To meet both disambiguation and optimal security, we present a lightweight disambiguating approach that is finding out a maximum weight independent set (MWIS) in one candidate graph only when candidate-level ambiguity occurs. Experiments show that our approach outperforms the existing method in various security metrics, improving 25.7% statistical imperceptibility and 11.2% anti-steganalysis capacity averagely.
Acute effect of boing balance board on postural control in older adults

BACKGROUND: Balance training has demonstrated a positive effect on older adults. However, the specific types and durations of interventions needed to effectively address postural deficits in aging individuals remain important areas of study. It is crucial to impact their motor performance quickly to bring about changes in postural control. AIM: This study aims to investigate the effect of an acute motor intervention using a balance board called the "Boing" on postural control in elderly individuals. METHOD: Twenty senior women between the ages of 60 and 78 were divided into two groups: Intervention Group (IG, n=10) and Control Group (n=10). Both groups performed a pretest postural task on a force plate, including conditions with feet together, feet apart, and semi-tandem stance. Participants in the IG then underwent the motor intervention on the Boing balance board, which disturbed balance in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions, similar to the pretest conditions. After the intervention, a posttest was conducted for both groups using the same procedure as the pretest. One week later, a retention test was performed. Analysis of center of pressure (COP) was conducted, examining total displacement (DOT) and root mean square (RMS) in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions. RESULTS: A two-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that during the posttest phase, there were significant differences between the groups in DOT and ML RMS specifically in the semi-tandem condition. The IG group exhibited lower values. CONCLUSION: The Boing balance board shows promise as a useful apparatus for improving postural control through acute motor intervention.
Spatial Transcriptomic Technologies

Spatial transcriptomic technologies enable measurement of expression levels of genes systematically throughout tissue space, deepening our understanding of cellular organizations and interactions within tissues as well as illuminating biological insights in neuroscience, developmental biology and a range of diseases, including cancer. A variety of spatial technologies have been developed and/or commercialized, differing in spatial resolution, sensitivity, multiplexing capability, throughput and coverage. In this paper, we review key enabling spatial transcriptomic technologies and their applications as well as the perspective of the techniques and new emerging technologies that are developed to address current limitations of spatial methodologies. In addition, we describe how spatial transcriptomics data can be integrated with other omics modalities, complementing other methods in deciphering cellar interactions and phenotypes within tissues as well as providing novel insight into tissue organization.
Dawn of the Dinosaurs: Life in the Triassic

Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction I. The End of an Era: The Early Triassic 1. Setting the Stage: The Paleogeography and Climate of the Triassic World 2. A Brief Phylogeny of Triassic Fishes and Tetrapods 3. Starting Out in the Triassic II. A Comfortable Middle Age: The Middle Triassic 4. A Hint of the Sea 5. No Midlife Crisis III. A Time of Change: The Early Late Triassic 6. Marginal Creatures in a Marginal World 7. The Enigmas of Texas and the U.S. Southwest 8. Life in the Sand Dunes? The Elgin Reptiles 9. Life in the Deep South: The Late Triassic of Gondwana IV. The Birth of Modern Terrestrial Ecosystems 10. Pitfalls in Paleontology: The British Fissure Deposits 11. Time to Go Our Separate Ways: The Newark Supergroup 12. A Catastrophic Finale? The Mode and Tempo of Faunal Change Appendix 1. Global Biostratigraphy and Age Correlation of Triassic Fossil Assemblages Appendix 2. Bare Bones Sedimentology Appendix 3. The Anatomy of a Tetrapod Appendix 4. Names, Grades, and Clades Glossary References Index
La respuesta del anticiclón del pacífico sur en la costa de Chile frente al cambio climático-impactos

Aprovechando la reconstruccion del indice de posicion latitudinal del anticiclon del O.Pacifico Sur sobre la costa de Chile (L) durante el periodo 1901-2004, se analiza su comportamiento de largo plazo como variable anual o mensual en el periodo mas precipitante del clima mediterraneo sudamericano. Existe una importante evidencia del traslado de L hacia latitudes altas desde mediados del Siglo XX al presente, que podria ser justificado con el actual proceso de calentamiento global, sin embargo esto no parece justificar el comportamiento opuesto observado en la primer mitad del Siglo XX. En terminos mensuales la tendencia hacia latitudes altas es mas evidente en L, pero el mes de Junio (opuesto) es el encargado de mostrar que fluctuaciones de media y alta frecuencia pueden torcer una tendencia larga, lo que no hace recomendable el analisis en esta escala. Esto tambien es valido para series de variables anuales de alrededor de medio siglo o menos. Otra variable importante para el analisis en esta ocasion fue la intensidad anual del flujo de los Oeste en latitudes altas, que si parece tener un comportamiento tendencial acorde a los cambios del calentamiento global.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Major Orthopedic Surgeries and Factor XIa Inhibitors

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), poses a significant risk during and after hospitalization, particularly for surgical patients. Among various patient groups, those undergoing major orthopedic surgeries are considered to have a higher susceptibility to PE and DVT. Major lower-extremity orthopedic procedures carry a higher risk of symptomatic VTE compared to most other surgeries, with an estimated incidence of ~4%. The greatest risk period occurs within the first 7–14 days following surgery. Major bleeding is also more prevalent in these surgeries compared to others, with rates estimated between 2% and 4%. For patients undergoing major lower-extremity orthopedic surgery who have a low bleeding risk, it is recommended to use pharmacological thromboprophylaxis with or without mechanical devices. The choice of the initial agent depends on the specific surgery and patient comorbidities. First-line options include low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), direct oral anticoagulants, and aspirin. Second-line options consist of unfractionated heparin (UFH), fondaparinux, and warfarin. For most patients undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty, the initial agents recommended for the early perioperative period are LMWHs (enoxaparin or dalteparin) or direct oral anticoagulants (rivaroxaban or apixaban). In the case of hip fracture surgery, LMWH is recommended as the preferred agent for the entire duration of prophylaxis. However, emerging factor XI(a) inhibitors, as revealed by a recent meta-analysis, have shown a substantial decrease in the occurrence of VTE and bleeding events among patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. This discovery poses a challenge to the existing paradigm of anticoagulant therapy in this specific patient population and indicates that factor XI(a) inhibitors hold great promise as a potential strategy to be taken into serious consideration.
DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT RIVER ALPINE RHINE

At Reichenau the Upper Rhine and Lower Rhine join and form the River Alpine Rhine (Fig. below). It mouths after 90 km into the Lake of Constance and drainages a catchment area of 6123 km2, which is situated in Switzerland (Cantons Grisons, St. Gallen and Ticino), in Austria (State of Vorarlberg), in Principality of Liechtenstein and in Italy. At the mouth of the Lake of Constance the mean annual discharge lies at 230 m3/s. The 100-year flood amounts in this reach to 3’100 m3/s.