Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-reported Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Among College Students

Abstract Objective: Report the distribution of scores from the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) and estimate the prevalence of self-reported attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms as compared to clinical diagnoses. Participants: Participants were 1,080 college students, divided into 3 groups: (1) no ADHD diagnosis (n = 972), (2) diagnosed with ADHD but no current pharmacologic treatment (n = 54), and (3) diagnosed with ADHD with current pharmacologic treatment (n = 54). Methods: The ASRS was administered during the fourth annual interview of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. Results: As expected, individuals who were never clinically diagnosed with ADHD had lower ASRS scores (M = 4.0, SD = 3.3) than individuals diagnosed with ADHD who were either under current pharmacologic treatment (M = 7.9, SD = 4.0) or not under treatment (M = 6.3, SD = 3.7). Overall, 10.3% wt of individuals without an existing clinical diagnosis of ADHD had high levels of ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: A substantial minority of undiagnosed individuals may benefit from a clinical assessment for ADHD.
Potential evolutionary body size reduction in a Malagasy primate (Propithecus verreauxi) in response to human size-selective hunting pressure

The Holocene arrival of humans on Madagascar precipitated major changes to the island’s biodiversity. The now-extinct, endemic “subfossil” megafauna of Madagascar were likely hunted by the island’s early human inhabitants. Perhaps in part due to preferential hunting of larger prey, no surviving species on Madagascar is larger than 10 kg. Outside of Madagascar, size-selective hunting pressure has resulted in the phyletic dwarfism of many still-living species across a diversity of phyla. On Madagascar, some subfossil bones of extant lemurs are considerably larger than those of the modern members of their species, but relatively large distances between the subfossil localities and modern samples that have been compared to date makes it impossible to reject the possibility that these size differences more simply reflect pre-existing ecogeographic variation. Here, we used high-resolution 3D scan data to conduct comparative morphological analyses of subfossil and modern skeletal remains of one of the larger extant lemurs, Verreaux’s sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi) from subfossil and modern sites ∼10 km adjacent: Taolambiby (bones dated to 725-560 – 1075-955 cal. years before present) and Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, respectively. We found that the average subfossil sifaka bone (n=12) is 9% and significantly larger than that of modern sifakas (n=31 individuals; permutation test; p=0.037). When restricting the analysis to the single element and side with the largest representation in the subfossil sample (n=4 right distal femora), the average subfossil bone is 10% larger (p=0.046). While we cannot yet conclude whether this size difference reflects evolutionary change or an archaeological aggregation/taphonomic process, if this is a case of phyletic dwarfism in response to human size-selective harvesting pressures then the estimated rate of evolutionary change is slightly higher than that previously calculated for other archaeological cases of this phenomenon.
Remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing coronary bypass grafting following acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation

Background/Aim. A protection of heart and other organs from ischemic-reperfusion injuries can be provided by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) by brief episodes of ischemia and reperfusion in distant tissues. The aim of this study was to assess effects of RIPC on early outcomes in patients underwent coronary bypass surgery (CABG) following acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST segment elevation (NSTEMI ACS). Methods. This trial included 42 patients randomized into two groups: the group 1 received RIPC and the group 2 was without RIPC (control group). Pre-, intra- and postoperative parameters were compared but primary endpoint was myocardial injury reflected as value of troponin I measured preoperatively and 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h postoperatively. The secondary endpoints were hemodynamic parameters, blood loss, intensive care unit stay, mortality etc. Results. The groups 1 and 2 were similar in preoperative characteristics including age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, EuroSCORE II, left ventricular ejection fraction. The only significant difference between groups was for triple vessel coronary disease with dominance in the RIPC group [20 (100%) vs. 17 (77.3%), p = 0.049]. Cardiopulmonary bypass time [mean (? standard deviation): 83.0 (22.9) vs. 67.0 (17.4) minutes, p = 0.015], cross clamp time [57.9 (15.4) vs. 44.3 (14.3) minutes, p = 0.005] and number of conduits [median (25? 75th percentile): 23.5(3? 4) vs. 3(2? 3), p = 0.002] were different. Other intra- and postoperative variables did not differ between groups. There were no differences in C reactive protein levels and postoperative hemodynamic parameters. Average troponin values in all time points revealed no significant differences between groups (p0h = 0.740, p1h = 0.212, p6h = 0.504, p12h = 0.597, p24h = 0.562, p48h = 0.465 and p72h = 0.715, respectively). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in adverse events, hospital stay and mortality between groups. Conclusion. Treatment with RIPC during CABG following NSTEMI ACS did not provide better myocardial protection and hemodynamics characteristics but further larger randomized studies are needed t. prove its real value.
Studies on 200 Cases of Early Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix

SummaryTwo hundred cases of early squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were studied, 109 with early stromal invasion (ESI) (FIGO stage lal) and 91 microcarcinomas (MCs) (stage Ia2). Nine percent of invasive foci arose from original (native) squamous epithelium, outside the transformation zone. What may have been “skip lesions” (see text) were seen in only two instances. Of the cases of ESI, 78% invaded to ≤ 0.5 mm. Of the MCs, 65% invaded to ≤ 3 mm, and >50% measured ≤50 mm3 in volume. Capillary-like space involvement (CLS1) was suspected in 32 cases (29%) of MC on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining but could not be confirmed by Ulex europeaus agglutinin I lectin immunoperoxidase staining in 10. Forty-four MCs displayed a spray-like growth pattern, 34 a confluent pattern, and 12 both; one had a condylomatous appearance. Forty-eight MCs were grade 3,27 were grade 2, and 16 were grade 1 in differentiation. Stromal response was assessed as absent in nine cases, weak in 53, moderate in 58, and intense in 80. The extent of associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (ClN) was widespread in ail but nine cases. There were seven recurrences, including one definite and one possible tumor-related death. A single case of residual disease was observed. The new FIGO classification of preclinical stage Ia carcinoma as that diagnosed only by microscopy is sound. The division into stages Ial and Ia2 is reproducible and may be used for comparison between various institutions; the notion, however, that the length of MC should form pan of its definition is not supported by these data. None of the variables (depth of invasion, length, area, volume, growth pattern, grade, stromal response, and CLSI) had any bearing on prognosis. Although stromal invasion can certainly be seen in small punch biopsies, a definitive diagnosis can be made only in conization (or hysterectomy) specimens. It is absolutely essential that conization specimens be thoroughly sampled, not only to make the correct diagnosis but also to be certain about the margins. Early stromal invasion behaves in the same manner as CIN and may be treated by conization alone provided the cone has been adequately sampled and the margins are free. Much the same applied to MC, although there were not enough patients whose tumors were associated with CLSI to be absolutely certain of the prognostic significance of the latter.
Can you tell a green field from a cold steel rail? Examining the “green” of Green Infrastructure development

The rapid development of Green Infrastructure as an approach to planning has enabled landscape practitioners to implement a range of projects utilising its principles. Discussions though exist examining what Green Infrastructure is, how it should be planned, and whether it can be identified as only those elements of the landscape that are green. A further element of this argument examines the use of water within this process. Therefore, as planners, we can ask: can we tell a green field from a cold steel rail? Both may have a green or sustainable function with only the visual appearance differing. Debates, however, focus on practitioner selectivity of the interpretation of “green” infrastructure planning exploring whether physical landscape characteristics or the function of an investment is the main focus of discussion. Using the grey–green continuum developed by Davies et al. [2006. Green infrastructure planning guide project: Final report. Annfield Plain: NECF], this paper examines whether geographical differences exist in the application of the Green Infrastructure and examine how practitioners use the ambiguity of Green Infrastructure planning to guide investment. Drawing on academic and practitioner literature provides this paper with a balance of conceptual and process-based assessments evaluations of global Green Infrastructure focusing on the design and implementation of terrestrial and marine resources. This paper also examines whether the dominant landscape planning framework in each region could be considered contradictory to the wider application of Green Infrastructure principles.
Computerized general practice databases provide quick and cost-effective information on the prevalence of angina pectoris.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of angina pectoris (AP) using self-reported information and primary care databases. METHODS A comparison between the prevalence of AP in 730,586 subjects from the Health Search Database (HSD) and 119,799 individuals from a Health Interview Survey (HIS) was performed. The age-specific prevalence was calculated by dividing the detected cases by the total number of individuals in each age group. The age-standardized prevalence was estimated by direct standardization performed using the Italian standard population. RESULTS The HSD reported a higher crude prevalence of AP than the HIS, both in males (1374/100,000 vs 1006/100,000) and females (1449/100,000 vs 1007/100,000). In the HSD the age-specific prevalence was lower for patients aged <65 years, whilst higher estimates were reported for older patients. Age standardization slightly reduced the prevalence in both samples, although the HSD always reported higher estimates. CONCLUSIONS Prescription data from general practice databases may be a valid, simple, and cost-effective method to evaluate and serially monitor the prevalence of AP.
Cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid of adolescents and young adults.

BACKGROUND/AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of the cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-4, and IL-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of adolescents and young adults. METHODS Twenty-five adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years (Group A) and 20 periodontally healthy young adults aged between 25 and 35 years (Group B) were selected from two private dental clinics limited to pedodontics and periodontics respectively in Piraeus Greece. All subjects were systemically healthy. Clinical examination included probing pocket depth (PPD), presence or absence of plaque, and bleeding on probing (BOP). GCF was collected from four sites per subject. IL-1beta, IL-4, and IL-8, measured as total amounts (pg/30 s), were evaluated in 180 samples using a commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-1beta mean levels of Groups A and B were adjusted for BOP and PPD. Differences of IL-1beta mean levels between the two age groups were statistically significant (F = 50.245, P < 0.001) in favour of Group A. Adolescents showed statistically significantly lower mean levels of IL-4 than young adults in the presence of BOP (F = 10.690, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between adolescents and adults for the means of IL-8 adjusted for BOP and plaque presence (F = 2.032, P = 0.161). CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this study the differences reported in mean levels of IL-1beta and IL-4 may be attributed to the different age status.
The minimal curvaton-higgs model

We present the first full study of the minimal curvaton-higgs (MCH) model, which is a minimal interpretation of the curvaton scenario with one real scalar coupled to the standard model Higgs boson. The standard model coupling allows the dynamics of the model to be determined in detail, including effects from the thermal background and from radiative corrections to the potential. The relevant mechanisms for curvaton decay are incomplete non-perturbative decay (delayed by thermal blocking), followed by decay via a dimension-5 non-renormalisable operator. To avoid spoiling the predictions of big bang nucleosynthesis, we find the ``bare'' curvaton mass to be m? 8 ? 104GeV. To match observational data from Planck there is an upper limit on the curvaton-higgs coupling g, between 10? 3 and 10? 2, depending on the mass. This is due to interactions with the thermal background. We find that typically non-Gaussianities are small but that if fNL is observed in the near future then m? 5 ? 109GeV, depending on Hubble scale during inflation. In a thermal dark matter model, the lower bound on m? can increase substantially. The parameter space may also be affected once the baryogenesis mechanism is specified.
E 5 transforming proteins of papillomaviruses do not disturb the activity of the vacuolar H M-ATPase

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Sun, 06 Jan 2019 16:58:32 Journal of General Virology (2001), 82, 2353–2362. Printed in Great Britain .
Links Among Cognitive Empathy, Theory of Mind, and Affective Perspective Taking by Young Children

Abstract The authors investigated the development of the affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of empathy in preschoolers, specifically examining how cognitive empathy is linked to theory of mind and affective perspective taking. Participants were 158 children aged 4–6 years. They listened to narratives and then answered questions about the protagonists' emotions. The affective component was probed with the question, “How do you feel seeing the little girl/boy? ”; the cognitive component with the question, “Why do you feel [emotion shared with the character]? ”; and the behavioral one with the question, “What would you do if you were next to the little boy/girl [experiencing an emotional scenario]? ” Results revealed a developmental sequence in the self-focused attribution of cognitive empathy, and a trend toward a developmental sequence for behavioral empathy, which underwent a slight linear increase between 4 and 6 years old. Affective empathy remained stable. More interestingly, they showed that cognitive empathy is linked to both theory of mind and affective perspective taking.
Clinical physiology of taste and smell.

INTRODUCTION . 406 CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMOSENSORY DISORDERS . 406 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF TASTE AND SMELL . 407 Taste . 407 Smell . 408 TYPES OF CHEMOSENSORY LOSSES . 408 CLINICAL EVALUATION . 409 Patient History . 409 Ph ys ical Examination . 409 P sychophysica/ Testing . 410 Medicallmaging " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " . " '" 410 DYSFUNCTIONS RESULTING FROM DRUGS . 4 1 0 DYSFUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES . 4 1 4 DYSFUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH NORMAL AGING . 4 1 5 Taste: Threshold Losses . 4 1 6 Taste : Su prathreshold Losses . 4 1 7 Ta ste: Causes of Perceptual Losses . 4 1 7 Smell: Threshold Losses . 4 1 8 Smell: Su prathreshold Losses . 4 1 8 Smell: Causes o f Perceptual Losses . 420 DYSFUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE 421 DYSFUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION . 422 O ffensive Tastes and Odors Associated With Pollution . 422 Pollutants That Alter the Olfactory and Taste Systems . 423 TREATMENT OR COMPENSATION FOR CHEMOSENSORY LOSSES . 423
The role of rumen-protected choline in hepatic function and performance of transition dairy cows

Abstract High-producing dairy cows enter a period of negative energy balance during the first weeks of lactation. Energy intake is usually sufficient to cover the increase in energy requirements for fetal growth during the period before calving, but meeting the demand for energy is often difficult during the early stages of lactation. A catabolic state predominates during the transition period, leading to the mobilisation of energy reserves (NEFA and amino acids) that are utilised mainly by the liver and muscle. Increased uptake of mobilised NEFA by the liver, combined with the limited capacity of hepatocytes to either oxidise fatty acids for energy or to incorporate esterified fatty acids into VLDL results in fatty liver syndrome and ketosis. This metabolic disturbance can affect the general health, and it causes economic losses. Different nutritional strategies have been used to restrict negative effects associated with the energy challenge in transition cows. The provision of choline in the form of rumen-protected choline (RPC) can potentially improve liver function by increasing VLDL exportation from the liver. RPC increases gene expression of microsomal TAG transfer protein and APOB100 that are required for VLDL synthesis and secretion. Studies with RPC have looked at gene expression, metabolic hormones, metabolite profiles, milk production and postpartum reproduction. A reduction in liver fat and enhanced milk production has been observed with RPC supplementation. However, the effects of RPC on health and reproduction are equivocal, which could reflect the lack of sufficient dose–response studies.
Common γ chain-signaling cytokines promote proliferation of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Increasing evidence suggests that, in addition to mechanisms intrinsic to the tumor cell, exogenous (non-cell autonomous) signals may also contribute to tumor development. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL-15 belong to a family of cytokines whose receptors share the common γ chain (γc). Despite some redundancy, these cytokines that signal through the γc (γccytokines) have essentially distinct and often critical effects in normal T-cell development, survival, proliferation and differentiation. Importantly, they have also been implicated, directly or indirectly, in T-cell leukemogenesis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that IL-7 is not only critical for normal thymocyte development, but might also contribute to the pathogenesis of T-cell leukemia. Several studies suggest that IL-2 might have a positive effect on the progression of T-cell leukemia. T-ALL cells express the receptors for IL-2, secrete functional IL-2, and proliferate in response to the cytokine, raising the possibility that an IL-2 autocrine loop may exist in some cases of T-ALL. In contrast to IL-2 and IL-7, little evidence has been gathered regarding the involvement of IL-4 in T-ALL. Nonetheless, IL-4 was shown to mediate T-ALL proliferation, and survival. To our knowledge, no studies have been published on the effect of IL-9 or IL-15 in T-ALL, although it has been demonstrated that IL-9 is a major in vitro anti-apoptotic and growth factor for thymic T-cell lymphomas, and IL-15 transgenic mice develop fatal T-NK lymphocytic leukemia. Here, we show that the γc-signaling cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9 and IL15 induce proliferation of primary T-ALL cells, and may exert synergistic effects on malignant T cells. IL-7 is the γc-cytokine that most frequently and more vigorously promotes a Background and Objectives. The identification of signals critical for the pathophysiology of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) should contribute to the development of novel, more effective therapeutic strategies. Common γ-chain signaling cytokines (γccytokines) — interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9 and 15 — differentially regulate T-cell development, survival, proliferation and differentiation. Although studies exist on some individual cytokines, no comprehensive analysis of the effects of the γc-cytokine family on malignant T cells has been reported. Here, we examined the effect of γc-cytokines on T-ALL proliferation.
RAPIDO: REASONING AND PROGRAMMING WITH INFINITE DATA OBJECTS Défi Société de l’information et de la communication – 2014 Contents

3 Scientific context, positioning and objectives 3 3.1 Introductory examples . 3 3.2 Context of the proposal . 5 3.2. 1 The Curry-Howard approach . 5 3.2. 2 Infinite objects in programming and logic . 7 3.3 State of the art . 10
Prestimulus feedback connectivity biases the content of visual experiences

Significance Ongoing neural activity influences stimulus detection—that is, whether or not an object is seen. Here, we uncover how it could influence the content of what is seen. In ambiguous situations, for instance, ongoing neural fluctuations might bias perception toward one or the other interpretation. Indeed, we show increased information flow from category-selective brain regions (here, the fusiform face area [FFA]) to the primary visual cortex before participants subsequently report seeing faces rather than a vase in the Rubin face/vase illusion. Our results identify a neural connectivity pathway that biases future perception and helps determine mental content. Ongoing fluctuations in neural excitability and in networkwide activity patterns before stimulus onset have been proposed to underlie variability in near-threshold stimulus detection paradigms—that is, whether or not an object is perceived. Here, we investigated the impact of prestimulus neural fluctuations on the content of perception—that is, whether one or another object is perceived. We recorded neural activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG) before and while participants briefly viewed an ambiguous image, the Rubin face/vase illusion, and required them to report their perceived interpretation in each trial. Using multivariate pattern analysis, we showed robust decoding of the perceptual report during the poststimulus period. Applying source localization to the classifier weights suggested early recruitment of primary visual cortex (V1) and ∼160-ms recruitment of the category-sensitive fusiform face area (FFA). These poststimulus effects were accompanied by stronger oscillatory power in the gamma frequency band for face vs. vase reports. In prestimulus intervals, we found no differences in oscillatory power between face vs. vase reports in V1 or in FFA, indicating similar levels of neural excitability. Despite this, we found stronger connectivity between V1 and FFA before face reports for low-frequency oscillations. Specifically, the strength of prestimulus feedback connectivity (i.e., Granger causality) from FFA to V1 predicted not only the category of the upcoming percept but also the strength of poststimulus neural activity associated with the percept. Our work shows that prestimulus network states can help shape future processing in category-sensitive brain regions and in this way bias the content of visual experiences.