Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endurance-test and theoretical prediction of a rare earth nanocathode for the applied field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster

The erosion loss of cathode is essential for the lifetime of magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (MPDT). In this work, an endurance test system for MPDT cathodes was designed and developed, and the erosion characteristics, erosion rate and erosion mechanism of the cathode were studied using the system under vacuum condition. The WCe20 hollow cathode was selected to carry out the long-term erosion of 540 h with the argon propellant supply flow rate of 40 ml min−1, the input current of 25 A, and the central magnetic field intensity of 96 Gs. In order to predict the theoretical service life of cathode, a steady state erosion numerical model was established. The calculation results show that the total erosion rate of sputtering and evaporation is 11.58 mg h−1, which is slightly smaller than the test data of the average cathode corrosion rate of 12.70 mg h−1 in the experiment, because the experimental value includes start-up erosion rate.
An approach to Measure Transition Density of Binary Sequences for X-filling based Test Pattern Generator in Scan based Design

Switching activity and Transition density computation is an essential stage for dynamic power estimation and testing time reduction. The study of switching activity, transition densities and weighted switching activities of pseudo random binary sequences generated by Linear Feedback shift registers and Feed Forward shift registers plays a crucial role in design approaches of Built-In Self Test, cryptosystems, secure scan designs and other applications. This paper proposed an approach to find transition densities, which plays an important role in choosing of test pattern generator We have analyze conventional and proposed designs using our approache, This work also describes the testing time of benchmark circuits. The outcome of this paper is presented in the form of algorithm, theorems with proofs and analyses table which strongly support the same. The proposed algorithm reduces switching activity and testing time up to 51.56% and 84.61% respectively.
Microglial crosstalk with astrocytes and immune cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

In recent years, biomedical research efforts aimed to unravel the mechanisms involved in motor neuron death that occurs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). While the main causes of disease progression were first sought in the motor neurons, more recent studies highlight the gliocentric theory demonstrating the pivotal role of microglia and astrocyte, but also of infiltrating immune cells, in the pathological processes that take place in the central nervous system microenvironment. From this point of view, microglia-astrocytes-lymphocytes crosstalk is fundamental to shape the microenvironment toward a pro-inflammatory one, enhancing neuronal damage. In this review, we dissect the current state-of-the-art knowledge of the microglial dialogue with other cell populations as one of the principal hallmarks of ALS progression. Particularly, we deeply investigate the microglia crosstalk with astrocytes and immune cells reporting in vitro and in vivo studies related to ALS mouse models and human patients. At last, we highlight the current experimental therapeutic approaches that aim to modulate microglial phenotype to revert the microenvironment, thus counteracting ALS progression.
Predictive Power of the Albumin–Bilirubin Score for Hepatotoxicity in Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Simple Summary The albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score has been proposed as an alternative to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) classification for assessing liver function. We evaluated the prognostic performance of the ALBI score and determined the optimal cutoff point as a potential predictor of hepatotoxicity after stereotactic body radiation therapy. To compare ALBI and CTP scores, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated, and DeLong’s test was used for statistical analysis. The optimal ALBI score cutoff was calculated. The baseline ALBI score was an independent prognostic factor for hepatotoxicity. The optimal ALBI cutoff value to predict CTP increase was −2.47, which is higher than the widely accepted reference point for ALBI grades 1 and 2. The ALBI score had greater predictive power compared to the CTP score. Abstract Assessment of liver function is crucial in predicting treatment outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic performance of the albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score for predicting hepatotoxicity following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in HCC patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 123 HCC cases treated between 2018 and 2020. ALBI and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scores were calculated, and hepatotoxicity was defined as a post-SBRT CTP score increase ≥2. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used for comparison. The optimal cutoff value of the ALBI score was determined. Among the 121 patients analyzed, hepatotoxicity occurred in 5%. The ALBI score showed better predictive accuracy (area under the ROC curve: 0.77) than the CTP score. The optimal cutoff value of the ALBI score was −2.47, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 71.1%. Multivariable analysis revealed that ALBI score and PTV were significant factors for hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, the ALBI score demonstrated prognostic value for hepatotoxicity prediction after SBRT in HCC patients. Considering the ALBI score and PTV provides valuable insights for assessing hepatotoxicity risk during SBRT treatment for HCC.
Future variation of land surface temperature in the Yangtze River Basin based on CMIP6 model

ABSTRACT In recent years, past changes in global and regional land surface temperatures (LST) have been well studied, however, future LST changes have been largely ignored owing to data limitations. In this study, three climate variables of CMIP6, namely air temperature (AT), precipitation (Pre), and leaf area index (LAI), were spatially corrected using the Delta downscaling method. On this basis, by combining MODIS LST, elevation, slope and aspect, a random forest (RF) model was built to calculate the LST from 2022 to 2100. The absolute variability (AV) and Mann-Kendall (M-K) tests were used to quantitatively detect interannual and seasonal LST changes in different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios. The results showed that the AV value increased successively from SSP1-2.6 to SSP2-4.5 and then to SSP5-8.5. Compared with the base period (2003-2021), the increment in interannual, spring, summer and autumn LST during 2022–2100 was mainly between 1 and 2 °C under three scenarios. The interannual and seasonal LST were spatially characterized by significant warming over large areas, and the increasing was the fastest under SSP5-8.5. These results indicate that, in the future, LST will increase further over large areas, especially in winter.
Learning-Based Kinematic Control of a Deployable Manipulator With Long Span and Low Stiffness

The deployable manipulator features long span and low stiffness during operation, resulting in significant positioning errors. The conventional mechanism control model based on error parameters is complex, lengthy, and challenging to guarantee accuracy in practice. This article proposes a learning-based kinematic control of the deployable manipulator. First, an analysis of kinematic performance and positioning error is presented. Then, the dataset is built by collecting data in the real environment, and the load factor that significantly influences the actual kinematics is taken as an extra feature. We propose a dataset building method based on manipulability according to the kinematic characteristics. A learning-based model consisting of a gated recurrent unit (GRU) and a 1-D convolutional layer is proposed, which is lighter and more effective than existing methods. Trajectory tracking and target grasping experiments are conducted to validate the performance of the kinematic control. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed learning-based approach can achieve precise control under variable loads. This method could be extended to the kinematic control of similar deployable manipulators or flexible robots.
Perception-Based Development and PerformanceTesting of a Non-Linear Map Display

Mountjoy, Daniel Neal. Perception-Based Development and Performance Testing of a Non-Linear Map Display. (Under the direction of Dr. Sharolyn A. Converse and Dr. James R. Wilson.) The use of non-linear display methodologies has been successfully demonstrated in a number of text-based and simple, graphic network applications; however, most studies have focused on computational efficiency with very little attention to human perceptual limitations. While the benefits of non-linear displays are purported to be due to additional context with no loss of required detail, reports of end-user performance gains have been limited at best. This research entailed the design of a non-linear tactical map display, where the distortion parameters were based upon empirical test results of navigation-related tasks combining various scales and distortion techniques. A total of three experiments were conducted: two to define the non-linear display parameters, and the third to attempt to validate the display through a performance test using military participants. Results indicate that additional scales can indeed be combined on the same map surface with no significant penalty in navigation accuracy. However, there may be a response time difference depending on the particular distortion technique applied. A modified fisheye distortion proved to be better suited to this task environment than a Cartesian bifocal distortion. Performance testing versus a traditional, pan and zoom display interface yielded no differences in navigation task accuracy or response times. However, the expected gain in random event detection (through display of additional context) was not evident. PERCEPTION-BASED DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE TESTING OF A NON-LINEAR MAP DISPLAY by DANIEL NEAL MOUNTJOY A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
Hot-water pre-extraction from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in an integrated forest products biorefinery

Loblolly pine chips were treated with pressurized hot water at elevated temperatures of 160°, 170°, 180°, and 190°C for various times. Components of the resulting extracts were quantified using high-pressure anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) and UV spectroscopy. The time-temperature effect on the extracted wood yields is described by the H-factor approach. A maximum of about 12% of the wood mass was extracted as sugars at an H-factor of about 1,500 hours. At an H-factor of about 500 hours, 8% of hemicelluloses were removed as polymeric sugars, with a minor removal of lignin (0.5% on ODW) and cellulose (0.3% on ODW). The sum of all monomeric and polymeric sugars reached a maximum of about 12% at an H-factor around 1,500 hours. The extraction yield was highly dependent on the residual pH of the extracts, which dropped rapidly from neutral to an acidic level of pH4 in the early stages of extraction, up to an H-factor of about 100 hours. The maximum yield was obtained at a pH of about 3.5, below which the extraction yield rapidly decreased.
Robust Double Clustering

We propose two algorithms for robust two-mode partitioning of a data matrix in the presence of outliers. First we extend the robust k-means procedure of Gallegos and Ritter (2005) to the case of biclustering, then we slightly relax the definition of outlier and propose a more flexible and parsimonious strategy, which anyway is inherently less robust. We investigate the breakdown properties of the algorithms, and illustrate the methods with simulations and three real examples.
A Laughlin-like approach to some symmetry protected topological phases

Topological phases of matter are distinct from conventional ones by their lack of a local order parameter. Still in the quantum Hall effect, hidden order parameters exist and constitute the basis for the celebrated composite-particle approach. Whether similar hidden orders exist in 2D and 3D symmetry protected topological phases (SPTs) is a largely open question. Here we introduce a new approach for generating SPT groundstates, based on a generalization of the Laughlin wavefunction. This approach gives a simple and unifying picture of some classes of SPTs in 1D and 2D, and reveals their hidden order and flux attachment structures. For the 1D case, we derive exact relations between the wavefunctions obtained in this manner and group cohomology wavefunctions, as well as matrix product state classification. For the 2D Ising SPT, strong analytical and numerical evidence is given to show that the wavefunction obtained indeed describes the desired SPT. The Ising SPT then appears as a state with quasi-long-range order in composite degrees of freedom consisting of Ising-symmetry charges attached to Ising-symmetry fluxes.
Performance Improvement of Ear-Bar TWS Earphone Antenna Using Parasitic Metal

An ear-bar TWS earphone antenna with improved ear-to-ear path gain (PGE2E) and efficiency is presented. The proposed antenna consists of an inverted-L antenna and a parasitic metal. By applying the parasitic metal, the vertical electric field (E-field) around the head is enhanced and the E-field into the human head is weakened. Due to the stronger vertical E-field around the head, the proposed antenna achieves enhanced PGE2E. Also, for the weak E-field in the head, the improved antenna efficiency is realized. Two prototypes without and with the parasitic metal are fabricated and measured. The measured −6 dB bandwidths of the two prototypes can cover the ISM band. With the help of the parasitic metal, the measured average efficiencies on the head within the 2400–2484 MHz band are improved from 19.1% to 30.9%. In the meanwhile, the measured PGE2E on the head has improved from −56 dB to −49.7 dB. The proposed ear-bar TWS earphone antenna with enhanced PGE2E and efficiency is promising for practical applications.
Comparing Intraoperative Blood Loss in Cemented, Uncemented, and Hybrid Total Hip Replacement for Neck of Femur Fractures

Background As the aging population increases, osteoporotic neck of femur fracture cases will continue to rise. Although hemiarthroplasty or half hip replacement is the treatment of choice in a majority of patients, a small but definite cohort of patients would need a total hip replacement. In these elderly patients who often have comorbidities, the use of cement to fix the prosthesis is often quoted as beneficial in view of perceived lower blood loss compared to uncemented fixation of the prosthesis. However, the cementation of the implant in itself has inherent problems. This study examined three modalities of fixation of a prosthesis for total hip replacement in the neck of femur fractures, namely, cemented, hybrid, and uncemented, and compared their relative intraoperative blood loss. Methodology This is a retrospective study with a follow-up of two years. Patients who presented to a level 1 trauma center in an inner city metropolitan with neck of femur fractures and were treated by total hip replacement were included in the study. Intraoperative blood loss was calculated using Nadler’s formula. Results There was no statistical difference in intraoperative blood loss in either of the three groups of patients, namely, cemented, hybrid, or uncemented total hip replacement for neck of femur fractures. Conclusions Intraoperative blood loss should not influence the modality of prosthesis fixation for total hip replacement in neck of femur fractures.
Design of CW THz PhotonicTtransmitter based on Low Pass-Filter and Bow-tie Wideband Antenna

This paper presents the design of Continuous Wave Terahertz photonic transmitters which is composed from photodetector (PD) associated to a wideband antenna, low–pass filter (LPF) and DC Probe. Firstly, we have developed the bow-tie wideband antenna using an EM solver Momentum integrated in ADS “Advanced Design System”. Then we had optimized a low-pass filter which is responsible of blocking the RF signal providing from the antenna to reach the DC probe. And finally, we have validated into simulation the CW THz photonic transmitter. The three structures are based on multi-layers GaAs substrate, which is the most widely used for THz circuit design. The dimensions of the Whole circuit are 776.788 × 303.39〖μm〗^2.
Analysis of Gray Matter Volume (GMV) and White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH) in Ischemic Stroke Patients with Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Imaging

Stroke is a serious health problem faced by almost all over the world. The occurrence of ischemic stroke could affect the gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain. In Magnetic Resonance imaging of an ischemic stroke with a FLAIR sequence, a white lesion known as the white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is often found. We studied correlation between gray matter volume (GMV) and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in ischemic stroke patients using fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences. The MRI data were taken randomly from ten ischemic stroke patients (mean age 46.9 years) and ten normal patients (mean age 36.8 years). FLAIR axial image parameters, i.e. TE (time echo), TR (time repetition), and TI (time inversion) were analyzed. The results reveal that the TE and TR values in FLAIR images of normal and ischemic stroke patients are classified as long TE (more than 70 ms), long TR (more than 1500 ms) and long TI (more than 1700 ms). The mean GMV of ischemic stroke patients (1.371 cm3) is smaller than the GMV of normal patients (2.267 cm3). This is related to the presence of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) in ischemic stroke patients
Primordial non-Gaussianity in the large-scale structure of the Universe

Primordial fluctuations are expected to be produced in the very early Universe, sourcing the anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background and seeding the formation of structures. In this thesis we study the effect of density perturbations produced during inflation on the large-scale galaxy bispectrum. We start by reviewing the basic concepts of modern cosmology and introducing the tools used in this research: Newtonian perturbation theory, statistics of random fields, the mass function of collapsed halos and the halo bias model. We then briefly describe how models of inflation source local-type non-Gaussian distributed primordial density perturbations. We apply these tools to justify the bivariate model for the halo density in the presence of primordial non-Gaussianity and derive some known results, like the scale-dependent halo bias. The aim is to show that the statistics of large-scale structure can be used to probe local-type non-Gaussianity of the primordial density field, complementary to existing constraints from the cosmic microwave background. Parametrising the amount of primordial non-Gaussianity with the leadingorder non-linear parameter fNL and the next-order one, gNL, we will investigate how galaxy and matter bispectra can distinguish between them, despite their effects being nearly degenerate in the power spectra. We determine a connection between the sign of the halo bispectrum on large scales and the parameter gNL and construct a combination of halo and matter bispectra that is sensitive to fNL. After that, we will focus on local-type non-Gaussianity with fNL only. It is known that the non-linear evolution of the matter density introduces a nonlocal tidal term in the halo bias model. Furthermore, we will show that the bivariate model in the Lagrangian frame leads to a novel non-local convective term in the Eulerian frame which can lead to non-negligible corrections in the halo bispectra, in particular on large scales or at high redshift. Finally, we address the problem of modelling redshift space distortions in the
Influences of Trypsin Pretreatment on the Structures, Composition, and Functional Characteristics of Skin Gelatin of Tilapia, Grass Carp, and Sea Perch

Fish skin gelatin is an important functional product in the food, cosmetics, and biomedicine industries, and establishing a green and effective fish skin gelatin extraction method is an effective way to obtain high-quality gelatin and improve its production efficiency. In this study, a trypsin method was used to extract the skin gelatin of sea perch, tilapia, and grass carp, and the microstructures of skin gelatin of these three fish species were analyzed, with such functional characteristics as thermal stability, gel strength, and emulsifying properties measured. The study results show that the skin gelatin of sea perch and tilapia obtained through the trypsin method has a relatively big molecular mass, a dense network structure, and a stable trihelix conformation. In addition, the skin gelatin of these three fish species has a relatively high β-turn content in the secondary structure, good gel strength, and water absorption properties. The compositions of the collagen-associated proteins in the skin gelatins of these three fish species extracted with the trypsin method are significantly different from each other, with positive effects of decorin and biglycan on the stability of the network structure of gelatin and a certain damaging effect of metalloendopeptidase on the network structure of gelatin. The skin gelatin of tilapia has high thermal stability and good emulsifying performance. Therefore, this gelatin type has bright application prospects in such fields as food processing, cosmetics, and drug development. In contrast, the skin gelatin of grass carp has poor functional properties. Therefore, there are significant differences among the structures and functions of skin gelatin extracted from different kinds of fish through the trypsin method. This finding has provided a useful reference for the production of customized fish gelatin according to demand.
The Development of a New Tool to Help Patients and Their Providers Evaluate Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes self-management or self-care activity related to diet, physical activity, and glucose monitoring, among other things, is recognized as important to effectively managing this condition. The aim of this study was to create an assessment tool for evaluating knowledge and self-management behavior in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) for patients and their providers. The study utilized an online survey with a cross-sectional design of adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. The survey consisted of 8 sections and a total of 56 questions, which were designed to measure the participants’ current knowledge and behavior regarding diabetes self-management. The total sample size was 306 participants, and the results revealed a significant association between performance on diabetes knowledge questions and self-management behavior (β = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.58; p < 0.001). Furthermore, education had a significant impact on diabetes self-management behavior (β = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.03; p = 0.01). Overall, the data indicated that participants who performed well on knowledge-based questions exhibited higher scores in desired diabetes management behaviors. Increasing awareness of this work in the diabetic community could facilitate the clinical encounters between diabetic patients and their healthcare providers, with an emphasis on each individual’s needs being taken into consideration.