Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PolyPasswordHasher: Protecting Passwords In The Event Of A Password File Disclosure

—Over the years, we have witnessed various password-hash database breaches that have affected small and large companies, with a diversity of users and budgets. The industry standard, salted hashing (and even key stretching), has proven to be insufﬁcient protection against attackers who now have access to clusters of GPU-powered password crackers. Although there are various proposals for better securing password storage, most do not offer the same adoption model (software-only, server-side) as salted hashing, which may impede adoption. In this paper, we present PolyPasswordHasher, a software-only, server-side password storage mechanism that requires minimal additional work for the server, but exponentially increases the attacker’s effort. PolyPasswordHasher uses a threshold cryptosystem to interrelate stored password data so that passwords cannot be individually cracked. Our analysis shows that Poly-PasswordHasher is memory and storage efﬁcient, hard to crack, and easy to implement. In many realistic scenarios, cracking a PolyPasswordHasher-enabled database would be infeasible even for an adversary with millions of computers.
Interactive comment on “Multi-variable evaluation of land surface processes in forced and coupled modes reveals new error sources to the simulated water cycle in the IPSL climate model” by

Mizuochi and co-authors present a multivariate evaluation of the IPSL climate model forced with and without coupling to GCM at the global scale. Number of independent products are used to evaluate the performance of four Essential Climate Variables plus precipitation between the coupled and uncoupled modes and assess their differences. Although I am not an expert in the ORCHIDEE/LSM modelling, the manuscript is mostly clearly written, storyline is nicely motivated. Some rearrangements are recommended (see further), to better quantity different model conﬁgurations (factor assessment) and C1 their linkage. Overall, the presented topic is interesting and relevant to be the HESS readership. Note that the model simulations are not available for reviewer assess-ment, which does not comply with Copernicus guidelines, see https://www.hydrology-andearth-system-sciences.net/policies/datapolicy.htmlformoredetails. >Thank you very much for reviewing our paper. We are glad to read your encouraging comments. Hereby we provide one-to-one reply as follows, and the manuscript will be revised based on your suggestions in the revision stage. As for the original monthly simulation data, it will be made accessible through the IPSL web platform, by both anonymous ftp and http/opendap protocols at: >IPSL will also issue a doi and the corresponding metadata will be documented
and THE STORY OF HOW THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PROMISED—AND UNDERMINED—FAIR HOUSING

By Renee Willis, Senior Vice President for Racial Equity, Diversity and Inclusion, NLIHC & Chantelle Wilkinson, Campaign Manager, OSAH, NLIHC The federal government has long recognized the importance of housing to the lives of all Americans. Unfortunately, this recognition has been consistently accompanied by outright complicity in the establishment and perpetuation of residential segregation and the resulting inequities. For over a century, the federal government has carried out, reinforced, or intentionally ignored discriminatory practices and systems in the housing market against racial minorities and low-income households, undermining equal opportunity at every turn. When opportunities to further the cause of fair housing have arisen, often as the result of courageous leadership and progressive legislation, they have been squandered by some combination of political cowardice and haphazard implementation. Until legislators and policymakers finally decide to directly—and sufficiently—address the obstacles that prevent universal access to safe, high-quality, affordable housing, the United States will continue to underdeliver on its promises within this hugely important aspect of American life.
Minkowski Centers via Robust Optimization: Computation and Applications

Properly defining the center of a set has been a longstanding question in applied mathematics, with implications in numerical geometry, physics, and optimization algorithms. Minkowski centers are one such definition, whose theoretical benefits are numerous and well documented. In this paper, we revisit the advantages of Minkowski centers from a computational, rather than theoretical, perspective. First, we show that Minkowski centers are solutions to a robust optimization problem. Under this lens, we then provide computationally tractable reformulations or approximations for a series of sets, including polyhedra, polyhedral projections, and intersections of ellipsoids. Computationally, we illustrate that Minkowski centers are viable alternatives to other centers, such as Chebyshev or analytic centers, and can speed up the convergence of numerical algorithms like hit-and-run and cutting-plane methods. We hope our work sheds new and practical light on Minkowski centers and exposes their potential benefits as a computational tool.
Immobilien als Anlage: Formen, Eigenschaften und nachhaltige Aspekte (Real Estate as an Asset Class: Investment Form, Characteristics, and Sustainable Aspects)

German Abstract: Dieser Beitrag beschaftigt sich mit Immobilien als einer der bedeutendsten Anlageklassen neben Aktien und Anleihen. Der herausragende Stellenwert von Immobilien als Anlage liegt vornehmlich darin begrundet, dass sie insbesondere fur Investoren mit einem langerfristigen Anlagehorizont attraktiv sind und stabile Gesamtrenditen versprechen. Dabei wird auf die Instrumente der Immobilienverwaltung, die wichtigsten Anlageformen in Immobilien (direkt und indirekt), Rendite- und Risikoeigenschaften der Immobilienanlage verglichen mit Aktien und Anleihen sowie auf den Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit eingegangen.Englishn Abstract: This article discusses management and investment perspectives of real estate as the most important asset classes besides stocks and bonds. The relevance of real estate as an asset is mainly due to its attractiveness for investors with a long-term investment horizon and due to its relatively stable total returns over time. Besides, the article covers instruments of real estate management, description of most important investment forms (direct and indirect), characteristics of return and risk compared to stocks and bonds, as well as aspects of sustainability of real estate.
Calibration in Rheumatoid Arthritis ERK-Dependent T Cell Receptor Threshold

Immune responses to citrullinated neoantigens and clinical efﬁcacy of costimulation blockade indicate a general defect in maintaining T cell tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To examine whether TCR threshold calibration contributes to disease pathogenesis, signaling in RA T cells was quantiﬁed. RA patients had a selective increase in ERK phosphorylation compared with demographically matched controls due to a mechanism distal of Ras activation. Increased ERK responses included naive and memory CD4 and CD8 T cells and did not correlate with disease activity. The augmented ERK activity delayed SHP-1 recruitment to the TCR synapse and sustained TCR-induced Zap70 and NF- (cid:1) B signaling, facilitating responses to suboptimal stimulation. Increased responsiveness of the ERK pathway was also a characteristic ﬁnding in the SKG mouse model of RA where it preceded clinical symptoms. Treatment with subtherapeutic doses of a MEK-1/2 inhibitor delayed arthritis onset and reduced severity, suggesting that increased ERK phosphorylation predisposes for autoimmunity and can be targeted to prevent disease. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 183: 8258–8267. was scored on a graded scale of 0–3 (0, no signiﬁcant change; 1, mild inﬂammatory inﬁltration; 2, pannus formation; and 3, heavy inﬂammatory inﬁltration and bone destruction). between the Kruskal-Wallis compare two was Treatment in the were
Scientific hypothesis generation process in clinical research: a secondary data analytic tool versus experience study protocol

Background: Scientific hypothesis generation is a critical step in scientific research that determines the direction and impact of any investigation. Despite its vital role, we have limited knowledge of the process itself, hindering our ability to address some critical questions. Objective: To what extent can secondary data analytic tools facilitate scientific hypothesis generation during clinical research? Are the processes similar in developing clinical diagnoses during clinical practice and developing scientific hypotheses for clinical research projects? We explore the process of scientific hypothesis generation in the context of clinical research. The study is designed to compare the role of VIADS, our web-based interactive secondary data analysis tool, and the experience levels of study participants during their scientific hypothesis generation processes. Methods: Inexperienced and experienced clinical researchers are recruited. In this 2 by 2 study design, all participants use the same data sets during scientific hypothesis-generation sessions, following pre-determined scripts. The inexperienced and experienced clinical researchers are randomly assigned into groups with and without using VIADS. The study sessions, screen activities, and audio recordings of participants are captured. Participants use the think-aloud protocol during the study sessions. After each study session, every participant is given a follow-up survey, with participants using VIADS completing an additional modified System Usability Scale (SUS) survey. A panel of clinical research experts will assess the scientific hypotheses generated based on pre-developed metrics. All data will be anonymized, transcribed, aggregated, and analyzed. Results: This study is currently underway. Recruitment is ongoing via a brief online survey 1. The preliminary results show that study participants can generate a few to over a dozen scientific hypotheses during a 2-hour study session, regardless of whether they use VIADS or other analytic tools. A metric to assess scientific hypotheses within a clinical research context more accurately, comprehensively, and consistently has also been developed. Conclusion: The scientific hypothesis-generation process is an advanced cognitive activity and a complex process. Clinical researchers can quickly generate initial scientific hypotheses based on data sets and prior experience based on our current results. However, refining these scientific hypotheses is much more time-consuming. To uncover the fundamental mechanisms of generating scientific hypotheses, we need breakthroughs that capture thinking processes more precisely.
Social divisions and risk perception can drive divergent epidemic dynamics and large second and third waves

During infectious disease outbreaks, individuals may adopt protective measures like vaccination and physical distancing in response to awareness of disease burden. Prior work showed how feedback between epidemic intensity and awareness-based behavior shapes disease dynamics (e.g., producing plateaus and oscillations). These models often overlook social divisions, where population subgroups may be disproportionately impacted by a disease and more responsive to the effects of disease within their group. We hypothesize that socially divided awareness-based behavior could fundamentally alter epidemic dynamics and shift disease burden between groups. We develop a compartmental model of disease transmission in a population split into two groups to explore the impacts of awareness separation (relatively greater in- versus out-group awareness of epidemic severity) and mixing separation (relatively greater in- versus out-group contact rates). Protective measures are adopted based on awareness of recent disease-linked mortality. Using simulations, we show that groups that are more separated in awareness have smaller differences in mortality. Fatigue-driven abandonment of protective behavior can drive additional infection waves that can even exceed the size of the initial wave, particularly if uniform awareness drives early protection in one group, leaving that group largely susceptible to future infection. Finally, vaccine or infection-acquired immunity that is more protective against transmission and mortality may indirectly lead to more infections by reducing perceived risk of infection, and thereby reducing vaccine uptake. The dynamics of awareness-driven protective behavior, including relatively greater awareness of epidemic conditions in one's own group, can dramatically impact protective behavior uptake and the course of epidemics.
Hardening attack surfaces with formally proven binary format parsers

With an eye toward performance, interoperability, or legacy concerns, low-level system software often must parse binary encoded data formats. Few tools are available for this task, especially since the formats involve a mixture of arithmetic and data dependence, beyond what can be handled by typical parser generators. As such, parsers are written by hand in languages like C, with inevitable errors leading to security vulnerabilities. Addressing this need, we present EverParse3D, a parser generator for binary message formats that yields performant C code backed by fully automated formal proofs of memory safety, arithmetic safety, functional correctness, and even double-fetch freedom to prevent certain kinds of time-of-check/time-of-use errors. This allows systems developers to specify their message formats declaratively and to integrate correct-by-construction C code into their applications, eliminating several classes of bugs. EverParse3D has been in use in the Windows kernel for the past year. Applied primarily to the Hyper-V network virtualization stack, the formats of nearly 100 different messages spanning four protocols have been specified in EverParse3D and the resulting formally proven parsers have replaced prior handwritten code. We report on our experience in detail.
Air Quality and Suicide

We conduct the first-ever large-scale study of the relationship between air pollution and suicide using detailed cause of death data from all death certificates in the U.S. between 2003 and 2010. Using wind direction as an instrument for daily pollution exposure, we find that a 1 μg/m 3 increase in daily PM2.5 is associated with a 0.49% increase in daily suicides (a 19.3% increase overall). Estimates using 2SLS are larger and more robust, suggesting a bias towards zero arising from measurement error. Event study estimates further illustrate that contemporaneous pollution exposure matters more than exposure to pollution in previous weeks. errors
Bildungslandschaft or the inter-organizational cooperation network approach (ICNA) as a new approach to attracting pupils to science and technical education

The paper presents a short review of the literature on attractiveness and argues for the need to consider an inter-organizational cooperation network (ICNA), which organizes out-of-school learning as a necessary and new perspective to promote attractiveness in technical education. The paper offers a case of cooperation:� a� Pupils’� University,� for� 5th� and� 6th� grade� pupils� in� primary� schools� within� Northern� Jutland,� Denmark with a discription of the network and a discussion about how learning structures influensces the learning proces. The paper highlights the contribution of the new concept of a network approach to attractiveness compared to other approaches.
The Temporal and Environmental Context of Early Animal Evolution: Considering All the Ingredients of an “Explosion” Integrative and Comparative Biology

symposium Small and Squishy to Big and Armored: Genomic, Ecological and Paleontological Insights into the Early Evolution of Animals” Synopsis Animals originated and evolved during a unique time in Earth history—the Neoproterozoic Era. This paper aims to discuss (1) when landmark events in early animal evolution occurred, and (2) the environmental context of these evolutionary milestones, and how such factors may have affected ecosystems and body plans. With respect to timing, molecular clock studies—utilizing a diversity of methodologies—agree that animal multicellularity had arisen by (cid:2) 800 million years ago (Ma) (Tonian period), the bilaterian body plan by (cid:2) 650 Ma (Cryogenian), and divergences between sister phyla occurred (cid:2) 560–540 Ma (late Ediacaran). Most purported Tonian and Cryogenian animal body fossils are unlikely to be correctly identified, but independent support for the presence of pre-Ediacaran animals is recorded by organic geochemical biomarkers produced by demosponges. This view of animal origins contrasts with data from the fossil record, and the taphonomic question of why animals were not preserved (if present) remains unresolved. Neoproterozoic environments demanding small, thin, body plans, and lower abundance/rarity in populations may have played a role. Considering environmental conditions, geochemical data suggest that animals evolved in a relatively low-oxygen ocean. Here, we present new analyses of sedimentary total organic carbon contents in shales suggesting that the Neoproterozoic ocean may also have had lower primary productivity—or at least lower quantities of organic carbon reaching the seafloor—compared with the Phanerozoic. Indeed, recent modeling efforts suggest that low primary productivity is an expected corollary of a low-O 2 world. Combined with an inability to inhabit productive regions in a low-O 2 ocean, earliest animal communities would likely have been more food limited than generally appreciated, impacting both ecosystem structure and organismal behavior. In light of this, we propose the “fire triangle” metaphor for environmental influences on early animal evolution. Moving toward consideration of all environmental aspects of the Cambrian radiation (fuel, heat, and oxidant) will ultimately lead to a more holistic view of the event. and involved multiple linked changes to the Earth system. This is illustrated by the “fire triangle”: an explosion requires oxygen, fuel (food supply to ecosystems), and heat (regional and global temperature dynamics) in proper proportion.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO E EXECUÇÃO DA ESTRATÉGIA CORPORATIVA: UM ESTUDO DA EXPANSÃO DA BASE DE CLIENTES PESSOAS JURÍDICAS EM AGÊNCIAS BANCÁRIAS IMPLEMENTATION AND EXECUTION OF CORPORATE STRATEGY: A STUDY OF THE EXPANSION OF THE CUSTOMER BASE IN CORPORATE BANKING AGENCIES

The use of strategies to set directions and goals, as well as to plan for the future is inherent in organizations. Most managers have a much greater knowledge on how to develop a strategy of how to implement it and make it work. The formulation of the strategy should be consistent, clear and focused. Controls and monitoring are intended to demonstrate this integration. The present study aims to examine the strategic alignment in bank branches as well as the actions taken to meet the targets. Part of this study also examines how corporate strategy is communicated, implemented and as the main responsible and respective structures respond to these procedures and also identify best practices in the banks studied, considering the strategic goal of growing customer base corporations. The research methodology used in the article was done through interviews with managers and was conducted in fifteen branches of medium and large companies located in the city of Curitiba, State of Parana, Brazil. The results show that the corporate strategy is synergy with the efforts at the operational level. Barriers and constraints to successful implementation were identified in the study as well as best practices identified in the banks studied.
Investigating factors affecting loyalty to learning through social media

36166651 Background and Objectives: Today, with the development of mass communication tools and computers, the penetration and expansion of the Internet in various areas of life is undeniable. One of the most pervasive phenomena that has emerged on the Internet in recent years is the emergence of social media. Social media has affected social and economic life. The spread of social media has attracted the attention of various segments of society, including educational administrators. From the perspective of educational administrators, social media provides unique opportunities for teaching and learning. Social media is a group of Internet-based applications that rely on the basics of Web technology to create and share user-generated content. Social media, in addition to the entertainment aspect, is used to access and disseminate learning information, and their use to achieve educational goals has been studied in detail. One of the applications of social media is learning, in which the learning process takes place through knowledge sharing. With the development of social media, proper and efficient use of it is inevitable. Social media is a good tool for learning. In order to have a better and more advanced society, special attention should be given to the role of learning through social media. One of the issues that promotes the development of learning through social media is the loyalty of users to learning through social media. Therefore, in the present study, the antecedents of learning loyalty through social media have been studied. Methods: The present study is a descriptive study in terms of objective and applied in nature. The data gathering instrument was a questionnaire and the population of this research was the users of the
Words as Things

unity being the anchor for these memory units. On the other hand, it seems as though DM is moving towards a version of the architecture in which the hub is a highly abstract index purely, and where mappings must be listed to both meaning and form (a version of the Preminger position). In my own view, simply listing allosemic subcategorization frames (Marantz and Wood lume, Myler 2016) lets us off the explanatory hook, and allows us in principle to list allosemes that could never be acquired or integrated within a human knowledge system, essentially begging the most interesting questions of unification via generalization and abstraction. Memory Unit Variants Borer (2013) Phonologically Anchored Hub Allosemic New DM Abstract Index Allosemic and Allophonic Ramchand Conceptually Anchored Hub Inflectional/Realization Lemmas are abstract and polysemous hubs of semantic association, associated with abstract phonological features, and also potentially with some syntactic (categorizing) information, Arguably, it must be so in order to bootstrap the whole process of acquiring the mature system. Work such as Pustejovsky (1995) goes in the direction necessary to directly engage with these hard questions, the point being that truth conditional denotations are simply not appropriate at the level of symbolic content (cf. also Pietroski 2018 ), and give rise to non-explanatory disjunctive allosemic lists. As we have seen, we have more and more subtle evidence that human parsers decompose automatically, at the same time as having entries for full word forms. And what about the ”word” iself? As I have argued, we do not need to define it as the minimal unit of semantic association, or the thing associated with a terminal node. I essentially agree with Borer that the only coherent use for ”word” is as a unit of phonology/linearization. There is a separate linearization algorithm that operates within it, as opposed to over it. Two recursive domains of linearization give rise to words. Words by definition are the primes of the linearization algorithm within syntax. while morphemes are linearized within words. As the primes of the linearization system, they do not need to conform to memory hubs, i.e. the thing I am calling the symbol. Recall that not all learning contexts lead to unified polysemous lemmas, sometimes the learner acquires homonyns, which as we know, behave differently within the user’s linguistic system.