Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
27. New media in travel and tourism communication: Toward a new paradigm

This chapter discusses the advent and the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the travel and tourism industry. It first reviews and highlights the most important milestones in the last two decades that changed tourism communication, focusing on three main areas of development: the persuasive nature of tourism websites, social media conversations, and mobile computing. It is then argued that these technological developments have led to the transformation of tourism that is best characterized by the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the notion ‘travelling in the network. ’ The chapter concludes that this ambient networking of the various tourism systems will further transform the tourism experience and therefore lead to a new paradigm for tourism communication within an increasingly ICT-support environment.
Clams and brachiopods—ships that pass in the night

The presumed geometry of clam and brachiopod clades (brachiopod declines matched closely by clam increases) has long served as primary data for the classic case of gradual replacement by competition in geological time. Agassiz invoked the geometric argument to assert the general superiority of clams, and it remains the standard textbook illustration today. Yet, like so many classic stories, it is not true. The supposed replacement of brachiopods by clams is not gradual and sequential. It is a product of one event: the Permian extinction (which affected brachiopods profoundly and clams relatively little). When Paleozoic and post-Paleozoic times are plotted separately, numbers of clam and brachiopod genera are positively correlated in each phase. Each group pursues its characteristic and different history in each phase—clams increasing, brachiopods holding their own. The Permian extinction simply reset the initial diversities. The two groups seem to track each other in each phase and a plot of brachiopod vs. clam residuals (each from their own within-phase regressions against time) yields significantly positive association. Some of this tracking may be an artifact of available rock volumes; we could, however, detect no effect of stage lengths. Passive extrapolation of microevolutionary theory into the vastness of geological time has often led paleontologists astray. Competitive interaction may rule in local populations, but differential response to mass extinctions (surely not a matter of conventional competition) may set the relative histories of large groups through geological time. Similarly, adaptive superiority in design cannot, in the usual sense of optimal engineering, have much to do with the macroevolutionary success of clams. The interesting question lies one step further back: what in the inherited Bauplan of a clam permits flexibility in design and why are other groups, however successful in their own domain, unable to alter their basic design.
Investigating the effect of detector photoelectric parameters on ptychographic iterative engine

A linear model is adopted herein that expresses the ptychographic iterative engine (PIE) as a system of linear equations between the object and probe in the frequency domain. And using this linear model, the unique solution of the complex object can be directly determined without the additional iterative calculation. Simultaneously, based on this linear model, the effect of the detector photoelectric parameters on PIE can be characterized by the existence of the unique solution. A series of investigative simulations have been implemented that discuss the effect of the reconstruction with different photoelectric parameters (such as target surface width and pixel size) for PIE. This mathematical model provides a direct method to obtain the underlying physics of PIE and can also be used to predict the accuracy and error in PIE applications with imperfect detector photoelectric parameters.
Comparison of spectral selection methods in the development of classification models from visible near infrared
hyperspectral imaging data

Applications of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) to the quantitative and qualitative measurement of samples have grown widely in recent years, due mainly to the improved performance and lower cost of imaging spectroscopy instrumentation. Data sampling is a crucial yet often overlooked step in hyperspectral image analysis, which impacts the subsequent results and their interpretation. In the selection of pixel spectra for the calibration of classification models, the spatial information in HSI data can be exploited. In this paper, a variety of sampling strategies for selection of pixel spectra are presented, exemplified through five case studies. The strategies are compared in terms of the proportion of global variability captured, practicality and predictive model performance. The use of variographic analysis as a guide to the spatial segmentation prior to sampling leads to the selection of representative subsets while reducing the variation in model performance parameters over repeated random selection.
Cover crop impacts on watershed hydrology

ABSTRACT: Cover crops alter many aspects of the hydrologic cycle. They increase evapotranspiration while growing and can enhance water infiltration into soil, slow runoff rates, and reduce soil erosion in both conventional-till and no-till systems throughout the year. However, the difference between the results of plot and watershed studies demonstrate that caution should be taken in extrapolating plot data to watershed scales. As scale increases, so does the influence of hydraulically-controlling subsurface soil horizons. Unfortunately, most of the available cover crop research comes from relatively small plats and very few watershed studies have been initiated in recent years. Perennial cover crops offer the potential for altering the porosity of subsurface soil horizons so as to increase future soil productivity and reduce future runoff amounts and rates.
PHYSICAL LAYER SECRECY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TAS/ MRC SYSTEM OVER RAYLEIGH/ NAKAGAMI FADING CHANNELS

- The broadcast nature of radio propagation makes wireless communication extremely vulnerable to eavesdropping attack. In this paper, we investigate the physical layer secrecy performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with transmission antenna selection (TAS) and receiver maximal-ratio combining (MRC) in the presence of a single antenna passive eavesdropper over dissimilar fading channels. We consider two scenarios: 1) The legal / illegal channels are subject to Rayleigh /Nakagami fading, respectively; 2) The legal /illegal channels undergo Nakagami /Rayleigh fading, respectively. Especially, the exact close-form expressions for the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and the secrecy outage probability using statistical characteristics of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of these scenarios is derived. These expressions allow us to assess the security capability of the considered system. The numerical result discussion provides practical design of the effect of various system parameters, such as average SNRs, Nakagami fading model, and number of transmission antennas on the secrecy performance of the considered system.
HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS BY ALKALINE FUSION OF ZEOLITE NA-P1 OF KAOLIN TAILINGS FROM AMAZON AND ITS APPLICATION IN METHYLENE BLUE RETENTION

The use of waste from the mineral industry to obtain materials of technological importance has intensified in the last two decades, with the aim of reducing the environmental impact generated by them and adding value to an unwanted product. In the case of kaolin tailings from the Amazon, it is already being used for the production of zeolites. In this study, the results of the synthesis and characterization of P1-type zeolite and its application as an adsorbent for methylene blue dye are presented. Obtaining zeolite P1 was monitored by X-ray diffractometry, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the zeolite was obtained without impurities, high degree of crystallinity, thermal stability above 300º C and very distinct and defined morphology. It was able to adsorb up to 90% dye. Showing that kaolin waste can be transformed into utility products.
GliomasDiffusion Coefficients in the Grading of Pulsed Arterial Spin-Labeling and Apparent A Prospective Study on the Added Value of

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether qualitative and quantitative measures obtained with pulsed arterial spin-labeling (PASL) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) improve glioma grading compared with conventional MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively performed 2 qualitative consensus reviews in 33 suspected gliomas: 1) conventional MR images alone and 2) conventional MR images with PASL and ADC. To calculate the diagnostic performance parameters of PASL and ADC, we used a qualitative scoring system on the basis of the tumor perfusion signal intensity (sTP) and visual ADC scoring (sADC). We then analyzed quantitative regions of interest and calculated the ratio of the maximum tumor perfusion signal intensity (rTPmax) and the minimum ADC value (mADC). RESULTS: Two observers diagnosed accurate tumor grades in 23 of 33 (70%) lesions in the first review and in 29 of 33 (88%) lesions in the second review. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for determining a glioma grading by using combined sTP and sADC scoring were 90.9, 90.9, 95.2, and 83.3%, respectively. Statistical analysis gave a threshold value of 1.24 for rTPmax and 0.98 (cid:1) 10 –3 mm/s 2 for mADC to provide a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 95.5, 81.8, 91.3, and 90.1% and 90.9, 81.8, 90.9, and 81.8%, respectively. The receiver operator characteristic curve analyses showed no significant difference between the quantitative and combined qualitative parameters. CONCLUSION: PASL and ADC significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of glioma grading compared with conventional imaging.
Assessment of glacier shrinkage from the maximum in the Little Ice Age in the Suntar-Khayata Range, North-East Siberia

This paper presents new estimates and a preliminary analysis of some key glaciers' shrinkage in the Northern and Southern massifs of the Suntar-Khayata Range, North-East Siberia, on the basis of expedition data, archived air-photo images of the 1940-s and 1970-s, and evidence of glacial changes in the Chersky Range from literary sources (Koreisha, 1991, Sheiknman, 1987). For Glaciers 29-31, located within the Northern Massif, values of linear regression for the following time slices: 1957-1970-2001 were defined. These values for, in particular, Glacier 31 were compared with mass losses in the same periods: the ratio was quite stable (equals 1.1/10 years). This argues for rather high inertia of Suntar-Khayata glaciers. Glaciers 29-31 of the same massif shrank from the Little Ice Age (LIA) until 1973 as much as 50-150 m; those in the Southern Massif (No. 141-154) showed bigger shrinkage - 100-200 m. The reason lies in difference of climatic conditions, which influenced these glacier groups. The latter are partly under Pacific cyclonic activity: winter temperatures are much higher, and precipitation is heavier, making the Southern Massif glaciers warmer (and easier to shrink) than those of the Northern Massif. The shrinkage of glaciers in the Cherskiy Range from the LIA until 1972 reached 300 m for the Obruchev Glacier (one of the biggest within the range) and 250 m for the Sumgin Glacier, which are comparable with the shrinkage of the Suntar-Khayata Northern Massif glaciers.
Relationship between Academic Adjustment and Academic Stress in Students: Mediated by Smartphone Addiction

Introduction: The growing use of smartphones increased the mental dependence of adolescents on these devices and reduced their social interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the relationships between academic adjustment and academic stress in high school students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was employed to analyze the relationship between variables. The statistical population included all female high school students of Ahvaz (Iran) within the 2022–23 academic year. The stratified cluster sampling method was employed to select 406 female students as the research sample. The research instruments included the Academic Adjustment Scale, Academic Stress Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale. The proposed model was evaluated through SEM, whereas the indirect relationships were tested through bootstrapping. Results: The results indicated that there was a negative significant relationship between academic stress and academic adjustment (P<0.001). Moreover, there was a positive significant relationship between academic stress and smartphone addiction, whereas a significant negative relationship was observed between smartphone addiction and academic adjustment (P<0.001). There was also an indirect significant path from smartphone addiction to academic adjustment (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to research results, the proposed model had a good fit. Hence, it is considered a major step in identifying the effective factors in the academic adjustment of students. In general, by reducing academic stress and addiction to smartphones, it is possible to increase the academic adjustment among high school students.
Statistical Modelling of Cardiovascular Data. An Introduction to Linear Mixed Models

: Most of statistical approaches in cardiovascular research were based on variance analysis (ANOVA). However, most of the time, the assumption that data are independent is violated since several measures are performed on the same subject (repeated measures). In addition, the presence of intra-and inter-observers variability can potentially obscure significant differences. The linear mixed model (LMM) is an extended multivariate linear regression method of analysis that accounts for both fixed and random effects. LMM allows for addressing incomplete design cases. In this paper, LMM was applied to two sets of cardiovascular research data and compared to ANOVA. The first example is an analysis of heart rate in mice after atropine and propranolol injections. LMM shows an important mouse random effects that depends on pharmacological treatment and provides with accurate estimates for each significant experimental factors. When randomly suppressing observations from the data sets (20-30%) the time factor of Anova model becomes non significant while LMM still remains significant. The second exa mple is the analysis of isolated coronary-perfused pressure of transgenic mice hearts. LMM evidenced a significant transgenic effect in both male and female animals, while, with ANOVA, the transgenic effects was limited to male mice only. In both cases, as compared to ANOVA, the LMM separately accounts for fixed and random effects, allowing thus for studying more adequately incomplete designs on repeated measures.
MIT Open Access

of the gene also impeded platelet differentiation and shortened a lifespan of red blood cells. When bone marrow cells deficient in the gene were transplanted into wild-type mice, the deficient stem cells produced significantly fewer circulating platelets and red blood cells, despite their enhanced repopulation capability. Moreover, after exposure to a non-myeloablative dose of radiation, absence of the gene predisposed to thrombocytopenia, a significant decline in red blood cells, and dysplastic bone marrow morphology, typical characteristics of myelodysplastic syndromes. These findings highlight a previously unappreciated role for this early response gene in multiple differentiation steps within hematopoiesis, including thrombopoiesis, erythropoiesis and in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. The deficient mice offer a novel model for studying the initiation and progression of myelodysplastic syndromes as well as strategies to prevent this disorder.
Design, simulation and fabrication of a 3D printed pump mimicking the left ventricle motion

The development of accurate replicas of the circulatory and cardiac system is fundamental for a deeper understanding of cardiovascular diseases and the testing of new devices. Although numerous works concerning mock circulatory loops are present in the current state of the art, still some limitations are present. In particular, a pumping system able to reproduce the left ventricle motion and completely compatible with the magnetic resonance environment to permit the 4D ﬂow monitoring is still missing. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of an actuator suitable for cardiovascular mock circuits. Particular attention was given to the ability to mimic the left ventricle dynamics including both compression and twisting with the magnetic resonance compatibility. In our study, a left ventricle model to be actuated through vacuum was designed. The realization of the system was evaluated with ﬁnite element analysis of different design solutions. After the in-silico evaluation phase, the most suitable design in terms of physiological values reproduction was fabricated through 3D printing for in-vitro validation. A pneumatic experimental setup was developed to evaluate the pump performances in terms of actuation, in particular ventricle radial and longitudinal displacement, twist rotation and ejection fraction. The study demonstrated the feasibility of a custom pneumatic pump for mock circulatory loops able to reproduce the physiological ventricle movement and completely suitable for the magnetic resonance environment.
Redeﬁnition of Internet Reference Model

Basing on the distinction between the physical network and the virtual network, this paper deﬁnes an Internet reference model which has six layers: physical link, data link, physical network, virtual network, transport service and application layer. Comparing to the reference model used by most textbooks, one extra network layer is added to accommodate both the virtual and physical network layers. This paper gives clear deﬁnitions for every layers too. The goal of this paper is to present a correct and easy-to-understand reference model for Internet. ˆA
A New Mixed Integer Linear Programming Formulation for Protection Relay Coordination Using Disjunctive Inequalities

Numerical optimization-based solution to directional overcurrent relay (DOCR) coordination problem has been a widely addressed research problem in the recent past. Many linear (LP), nonlinear (NLP), mixed integer nonlinear (MINLP), mixed integer linear (MILP), and quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP)-based formulations have been presented in the past literature. This paper proposes a new MILP-based formulation using disjunctive inequalities. The nonlinear DOCR protection coordination model is formulated as MILP by linearizing the bilinear terms existing in the original formulation. One of the variables in each bilinear term is discretized over its interval into a fixed number of steps. After assigning binary variables to each discrete interval, the resulting bilinear terms with binary variables are written in terms of disjunctive inequalities. The results have shown that the proposed MILP formulation fetch better optimal solutions compared with past MILP and MINLP formulations. The MILP problem is programmed in GAMS package with CPLEX solver and tested on standard 3 bus, 9 bus, 15 bus, and 30 bus systems and results are found to be satisfactory.
Do Race and Ethnicity Determine Employment in Certain Occupations? A VECM Approach

The social sciences literature is replete with microeconomic models on racial discrimination of minority employment. This paper contributes to the empirics by testing the hypothesis of short run and long run employment relationships among racial groups in the U.S. labor market. The author employs a VECM model using national quarterly BLS data for years 2000 to 2023 to test for short-run and long-run Granger causality between employment among racial groups in 5 broad occupational categories: management and professional; services; sales and office; natural resources, construction, and maintenance; and production, transportation, and material moving. The results overwhelmingly reject the hypothesis of independence in employment among the racial groups. Among other findings, there is evidence to suggest that employment of African Americans in the natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations Granger cause employment in the White and Latino communities in the short run. This short run burst of African American employment in these occupations may be a sign of forthcoming economic downturn. In this same group of occupations, Latin employment Granger causes Asian and White employment, while Asian employment Granger causes White and Latin employment. GDP and these racial groups Granger cause White and Latin employment in the long run.
Systematics of Nearctic ants of the genus Dorymyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The “neotype” for “ Conomyrma insana (Buckley)” (= Formica insana Buckley, 1866) and the “lectotype” for “ Conomyrma flava McCook” (= Dorymyrmex insanus var. flavus McCook, 1879), designated by Johnson (1989), are both shown to be invalid. Appropriate neotypes are designated for both species; each is redescribed and illustrated. Dorymyrmex pyr amicus var. smithi Cole, 1936, is removed from the synonymy of D. insanus and recognized as a distinct species, of which Dorymyrmex medeis (Trager, 1988) is a newly recognized synonym. Dorymyrmex bureni (Trager, 1988), treated by Johnson (1989) as a synonym of D. flavus
ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT ON LAYERS IN POULTRY FARMS USING DEEP LEARNING

The food security has increased the agriculture production due to satisfying demand of ever-growing population. Due to this growth in population, the demand of protein also increased. A significant amount of population depends upon the chicken and egg to fulfil the demand of protein. The meat and egg production depends on the quality of poultry farming. The presence of air contaminants causes poor air quality within the poultry house which affects health of layers, production of eggs and workers in poultry farm. The proposed work uses data analysis approach and machine learning concept to automatize the process of air quality monitoring in poultry farms. A Convoluted Neural Network Long Short-Term Memory model, along with bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory model is proposed to improve the forecasting performance. This method predicts the Air Quality Index based on air quality parameters. The proposed approach is tested on poultry farm air quality dataset which is collected from different poultry farms. Finally, the obtained performance is compared with existing techniques in terms of RMSE, MAE, MAPE and correlation coefficient.
Structure Discovery in Prompted Weak Supervision

Prompted weak supervision (PromptedWS) applies pre-trained large language models (LLMs) as supervision sources in a weak supervision setup to efficiently distill information from LLMs and obtain labeled datasets at scale. We further extend the use of LLMs to address one of the key challenges in weak supervision: learning the dependency structure among noisy supervision sources. In this work, we highlight the challenge of structure discovery in PromptedWS. We propose a Structure Refining Module, a simple yet effective first approach based on the similarities of the prompts by taking advantage of the intrinsic structure in the embedding space. At the core of our method are Labeling Function Removal (LaRe) and Correlation Structure Generation (CosGen). Compared to previous methods that learn the dependencies from weak labels, our method finds the dependencies that are intrinsic in the embedding space. We show that Structure Refining Module improves the PromptedWS by up to 12.7 points on benchmark tasks.