Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Corrected and Imputed Polarity Measurements to Improve Focal Mechanisms in a Regional Earthquake Catalog Near the Mt. Lewis Fault Zone, California

We utilized relative polarity measurements and machine learning techniques to better resolve focal mechanisms and stress orientations considering a catalog of ∼29,000 relocated earthquakes that occurred during 1984–2021 in the southeastern San Francisco Bay Area. Earthquake focal mechanisms are commonly produced using P wave first motion polarities, which traditionally requires events to be well‐recorded across a seismic network with good focal sphere coverage. We adapted recently developed approaches that are less dependent on high signal‐to‐noise records and exploit similar waveforms to produce relative polarity and amplitude measurements between earthquake pairs. These techniques were previously only applied on localized earthquake sequences, and we further developed these approaches so that they can be utilized for regional catalogs. We validated or corrected manually identified polarities by performing polarity consensuses using earthquake pairs. Missing and unreliable polarity measurements were imputed using iterative random forests, an unsupervised ensemble machine learning method. Relative P and S wave amplitude measurements were made between earthquakes, constraining S/P ratios for low signal‐to‐noise waveforms. Using these techniques, we were able to reduce focal mechanism uncertainties by an average of ∼13° and produced well‐constrained focal mechanisms for ∼6 times as many earthquakes than those produced using only the traditionally derived polarities. We performed stress inversions using the focal mechanisms by grouping the focal mechanism results into a quadtree structure. Our stress results are consistent with previous work, albeit at a higher spatial resolution, and demonstrate these techniques can aid our understanding of fault structures and kinematics in more detail than was previously possible.
Estimation of surface wave propagation in mouse cornea

In this paper, we report the use of phase stabilized swept source optical coherence tomography (PhSSSOCT) for the measurement of surface mechanical wave propagation in ocular tissue in-situ. Mechanical wave propagation was measured in the mouse cornea for both young and older mice to assess tissue properties as a function of age. The measurements were performed by inducing low amplitude (< 100 μm) waves and measuring the wave attenuation at spatially distributed points using a phase-sensitive analysis of OCT signals. Obtained results indicate that the attenuation of the wave amplitude was 0.27 μm/mm in the one month-old mouse cornea and 0.37 μm/mm for 9 month old mice (and presumably of different stiffness for 1 month and 9 months old). Results also suggest that PhS-SSOCT is capable of measuring the changes in the wave amplitude as small as 0.03 μm (limited by the phase stability of the system) that allowed the measurements with a very low amplitude excitation wave, thus making the method minimally invasive. Therefore, this method could potentially be used to assess tissue biomechanical properties and to reconstruct stiffness maps of the cornea.
Confirmation of CD19+ B-Lymphocyte Depletion Prior to Intake of the Second Dose of Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

The aim of the retrospective study was to compare the immunophenotyping of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and natural killer cells before the administration of the first and the second dose of ocrelizumab in 22 patients with multiple sclerosis in a three-year period (2019–2021) at the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Split. The values of cell immunophenotyping and protein electrophoresis, as well as laboratory parameters, were investigated. There was no significant decrease in serum albumin and globulins before the second dose of ocrelizumab (p > 0,05). A decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes before administration of the second dose of ocrelizumab was observed, but without statistical significance (p = 0.274). Significant depletion occurred in median CD19+ B-lymphocytes (p < 0.001) before the intake of the second dose of ocrelizumab confirming the primary action of ocrelizumab on the B cell lineage.
Endovascular treatment of a ruptured blister-like aneurysm at an azygos anterior cerebral artery: A case report and review of the literature

Background: Endovascular treatment for a ruptured blister-like aneurysm (BLA) has recently become a hopeful approach. BLAs are usually located on the dorsal wall of the internal carotid artery, whereas one located on the azygos anterior cerebral artery (ACA) is so rare, it has never been reported. We report a case of a ruptured BLA arising at the distal bifurcation of an azygos ACA treated by stent-assisted coil embolization. Case Description: A 73-year-old woman presented with a disturbance of consciousness. Computed tomography showed diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage, which was observed to be particularly dense in the interhemispheric fissure. Three-dimensional rotation angiography showed a tiny and conical bulge on the distal bifurcation of the azygos trunk. Follow-up digital subtraction angiography performed on day 4 showed enlargement of the aneurysm, and a BLA arising at the azygos bifurcation was diagnosed. Stent-assisted coiling (SAC) was performed using a low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) Jr. stent, which was implanted from the left pericallosal artery to the azygos trunk. Follow-up angiography showed that the aneurysm thrombosed gradually and reached complete occlusion 90 days after onset. Conclusion: SAC for a BLA at the distal bifurcation of an azygos ACA might be an effective treatment option leading to early complete occlusion, but thrombus formation as an intraoperative complication should be noted in the BLA at the bifurcation or the peripheral artery, as in the present case.
A NOTE ON SCALE INVARIANCE

Surely the most elementary requirement of consistency demands that two persons with the same relevant prior information should assign the same prior probabilities. Personalistic doctrine makes no attempt to meet this requirement, but instead attacks it as representing a naive "necessary" view of probability, and even proclaims as one of its fundamental tenets that we are free to violate it without being unreasonable.
Finite-time control for systems with multiple disturbances based on adaptive disturbance observer

For a type of nonlinear systems with multiple disturbances, finite-time stability is researched in this paper. The disturbances include unknown frequency disturbance and unknown bounded disturbances. The unknown frequency disturbances are transformed into the model with unknown vectors by Sylvester matrix transformation, which is estimated by designing an adaptive disturbance observer. Then, a finite-time anti-disturbance controller is constructed to keep the system globally stable in finite time. Finally, the validity of the finite-time anti-disturbance controller is proved by simulations, including a numerical example and a satellite attitude control system.
Compact and Wide Stopband Bandpass Filters Based on Dual-Mode Folded Circular Substrate Integrated Waveguide Cavities

This article presents a novel class of compact and wide stopband bandpass filters based on dual-mode folded circular substrate integrated waveguide cavities (FCSIWCs). By employing both TM020 and TM110 modes of the FCSIWC as resonant modes and TM010 mode as nonresonating mode, a doublet with two poles and two transmission zeros (TZs) is implemented. The TZs can be located either both below or both above the passband, or one below and one above. By combining the dual-mode FCSIWC and single-mode folded rectangular substrate integrated waveguide cavities (FRSIWCs), a class of compact and wide stopband four-pole box-section filters is proposed. In addition, a more selective five-pole extended box-section filter is implemented by loading a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) on the four-pole filter structure, without occupying any additional area. Two prototypes are fabricated and measured to validate the proposed filters.
Effect of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on thyroid autoimmunity: A twelve-month follow-up study

Objectives Graves’ disease (GD) has been highlighted as a possible adverse effect of the respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. However, it is unknown if the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine disrupts thyroid autoimmunity. We aimed to present long-term follow-up of thyroid autoimmunity after the SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Methods Serum samples collected from seventy Japanese healthcare workers at baseline, 32 weeks after the second dose (pre-third dose), and 4 weeks after the third dose of the vaccine were analyzed. The time courses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb), and thyroid function were evaluated. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) were additionally evaluated in thirty-three participants. Results The median age was 50 (IQR, 38-54) years and 69% were female. The median anti-spike IgG antibody titer was 17627 (IQR, 10898-24175) U/mL 4 weeks after the third dose. The mean TRAb was significantly increased from 0.81 (SD, 0.05) IU/L at baseline to 0.97 (SD, 0.30) IU/L 4 weeks after the third dose without functional changes. An increase in TRAb was positively associated with female sex (β = 0.32, P = 0.008) and low basal FT4 (β = -0.29, P = 0.02) and FT3 (β = -0.33, P = 0.004). TgAb was increased by the third dose. Increase in TgAb was associated with history of the thyroid diseases (β = 0.55, P <0.001). Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine can disrupt thyroid autoimmunity. Clinicians should consider the possibility that the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may disrupt thyroid autoimmunity.
The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between trait perfectionism and psychological resilience among Filipino university students

Abstract Perfectionism has been a challenge in university students’ everyday lives. As perfectionism can negatively affect students’ mental health, researchers have suggested ways to manage perfectionism and build students’ resilience towards having a better wellbeing. One way is to practice self-compassion. This study utilized mediation analyses to investigate if self-compassion mediates the relationship between the trait dimensions of perfectionism and psychological resilience among Filipino university students. A sample of 317 undergraduate students from the University of the Philippines Diliman participated and answered scales that measure the variables of interest. Results indicate that when covariates were excluded, self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism influenced psychological resilience indirectly via self-compassion, while SOP and other-oriented perfectionism (OOP) directly affected psychological resilience, independent of self-compassion. When covariates were included, the same findings were found, but OOP also influenced psychological resilience indirectly via self-compassion. Implications of the findings are discussed in this study.
Transformer-Based Lip-Reading with Regularized Dropout and Relaxed Attention

End-to-end automatic lip-reading usually comprises an encoder-decoder model and an optional external language model. In this work, we introduce two regularization methods to the field of lip-reading: First, we apply the regularized dropout (R-Drop) method to transformer-based lip-reading to improve their training-inference consistency. Second, the relaxed attention technique is applied during training for a better external language model integration. We are the first to show that these two complementary approaches yield particu1arly strong performance if combined in the right manner. In particular, by adding an additional R - Drop loss and smoothing the attention weights in cross multi-head attention during training only, we achieve a new state of the art with a word error rate of 22.2% on Lip Reading Sentences 2 (LRS2). On LRS3, we are 2nd ranked with 25.5% WER using only 1,759 h of training data, while the 1 st rank uses about 90,000 h. Our code is available at GitHub.11https://github.com/ifnspaml/Lipreading-RDrop-RA
Approximations to Multivariate Normal Rectangle Probabilities Based on Conditional Expectations

Abstract Two new approximations for multivariate normal probabilities for rectangular regions, based on conditional expectations and regression with binary variables, are proposed. One is a second-order approximation that is much more accurate but also more numerically time-consuming than the first-order approximation. A third approximation, based on the moment-generating function of a truncated multivariate normal distribution, is proposed for orthant probabilities only. Its accuracy is between the first- and second-order approximations when the dimension is less than seven and the correlations are not large. All of the approximations get worse as correlations get larger. These new approximations offer substantial improvements on previous approximations. They also compare favorably with the methods of Genz for numerical evaluation of the multivariate normal integral. The approximation methods should be especially useful within a quasi-Newton routine for parameter estimation in discrete models that involv.
Controlled experiments in the earth's magnetosphere with artifical electron beams

This article describes the Electron Echo project, which used artificial electron beams to determine how natural particles are accelerated and lost from the trapping region in the earth's magnetosphere. The problems of injecting electron beams into the ionosphere, including vehicle charging and beam-plasma instabilities, are discussed, and images of the Echo beams both in space and in the laboratory are shown. The beam pulses were detected and analyzed after reflection from the conjugate hemisphere mirror points
Application of Initial Function Training in Persistent Schizophrenia Patients Taking Aripiprazole

The natural efficacy based trials of the atypical antipsychotics are required to yield extensive information concerning the efficiency, security, tolerance and safety among the patients suffering from schizophrenia who are treated in the hospital-based outpatient care centre based practice. In this study, the men and women were taken with the age range of 14 to 90 y with recognition of schizophrenia. There were a total of 103 patients considered for this study, who were enrolled between July 2017 to August 2021. This study analyzed the treatment with aripiprazole along with the standard of care based treatment procedure. The patient data reviewed in this study during the screening process moved closer to an interactive voice response system after obtaining informed consent. In the aripiprazole treatment group (n=49), the results were significantly better and effective in comparison to the standard of care treatment group (n=54; p<0.001; w 26, last observation carried forward) as reflected by the interactive voice response system total score. Similar results were noted in patients who duly completed the study design where aripiprazole was significantly associated with effectiveness at all phases in comparison to the standard of care group. The patients treated with aripiprazole also showed a significantly higher increase in quality of life and lesser adverse effects at w 26 (p<0.001). A high percentage of patients who received aripiprazole as a study medication was termed as “much better’’ on the preference scale of the medication questionnaire in comparison to the standard of care. The schizophrenia trial of aripiprazole provides a detailed overview of the real-world rendering and the enhanced benefits of aripiprazole compared to other major atypical antipsychotics advised in the hospital.
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Edukasi Tuberkulosis Menggunakan Metode Scrum

- The purpose of this research is to produce the Yes TBcare! based on Android using the scrum method. The application is used by TB cadres at YARSI TB Care to provide counseling to TB patients, families and communities in the pandemic era nor when the pandemic ends. This study uses the scrum method because it is more effective in working on projects in the short term, with a small number of teams and with changing needs in the field. The scrum method has scrum roles, namely the product owner, scrum master and the scrum team. The stages of the scrum method include: user stories, product backlog, sprint planning, daily scrum (Sprint Execution), sprint review and sprint retrospective. System testing is done by black box and UEQ methods. The results showed: 1) Testing the black box method was declared valid 100%; 2) The UEQ test on the benchmark diagram resulted in the attractiveness, clarity, efficiency and novelty being categorized as good, while the accuracy and stimulation scales were categorized as excellent.
Scattering of an entropy disturbance into sound by a symmetric thin body

The interaction of a convecting entropy disturbance, such as generated by a gas turbine combustor, with a solid object is known to generate sound. The sound generation is due to the (i) acceleration of the convected disturbance by the mean flow and (ii) satisfaction of the wall-boundary condition on the object. This process, which leads to the so-called indirect combustion noise, is known to be present in modern gas turbine engines but its specific details are not known, including its overall contribution to the acoustic signature of the engine and its influence on the combustor. Computational and analytical results are presented to examine the sound field created by a localized entropy disturbance convecting in the vicinity of a symmetric thin body. Unsteady calculations of the compressible Euler equations are used to directly compute the radiated sound. Rapid distortion theory is used to develop the relevant scalings of the sound source and, when combined with a low-frequency Green’s function, to estima.
A Study on the Impact of Integrating Reinforcement Learning for Channel Prediction and Power Allocation Scheme in MISO-NOMA System

In this study, the influence of adopting Reinforcement Learning (RL) to predict the channel parameters for user devices in a Power Domain Multi-Input Single-Output Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MISO-NOMA) system is inspected. In the channel prediction-based RL approach, the Q-learning algorithm is developed and incorporated into the NOMA system so that the developed Q-model can be employed to predict the channel coefficients for every user device. The purpose of adopting the developed Q-learning procedure is to maximize the received downlink sum-rate and decrease the estimation loss. To satisfy this aim, the developed Q-algorithm is initialized using different channel statistics and then the algorithm is updated based on the interaction with the environment in order to approximate the channel coefficients for each device. The predicted parameters are utilized at the receiver side to recover the desired data. Furthermore, based on maximizing the sum-rate of the examined user devices, the power factors for each user can be deduced analytically to allocate the optimal power factor for every user device in the system. In addition, this work inspects how the channel prediction based on the developed Q-learning model, and the power allocation policy, can both be incorporated for the purpose of multiuser recognition in the examined MISO-NOMA system. Simulation results, based on several performance metrics, have demonstrated that the developed Q-learning algorithm can be a competitive algorithm for channel estimation when compared to different benchmark schemes such as deep learning-based long short-term memory (LSTM), RL based actor-critic algorithm, RL based state-action-reward-state-action (SARSA) algorithm, and standard channel estimation scheme based on minimum mean square error procedure.
Digital Platform Potential for Asnaf Zakat Entrepreneurs: A Systematic Literature Review

The implementation of the asnaf entrepreneurial transformation model through the Human Development Program is a proactive initiative of the State Islamic Religious Council (MAIN) aimed at increasing the asnaf group's potential in the entrepreneurial field. This initiative is in line with the goal of MAIN to increase the effectiveness of zakat distribution through a two-pronged strategy to ensure that every asnaf can live a prosperous life while expanding their potential to break free from the shackles of poverty. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 has contributed to the rapid development of information and communication technology. The development of various online applications and social media platforms has had a positive impact on people's lives. Therefore, enterprises and entrepreneurial activities, especially the small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector, need to enhance their respective competitiveness by participating in digital entrepreneurship platforms. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potential of digital platforms to increase the competitiveness of asnaf zakat entrepreneurs. The study was conducted qualitatively using a descriptive approach through a systematic analysis of highlights. The main sources for this study were obtained from online databases, namely Scopus and Web of Science. The data were then analyzed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes (PRISMA). The results of the study suggest that digital platforms have the potential to increase the competitiveness of asnaf zakat entrepreneurs through six approaches, namely resources, personality, opportunities, networking, environment, and knowledge. Therefore, the study can serve as a guide for the State Islamic Religious Council to develop appropriate programs and approaches to improve literacy and participation of asnaf zakat entrepreneurs in the digital platform.
Nucleation of Dwarf Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster

Many dwarf galaxies are observed to be nucleated. But some dwarf galaxies, primarily those that are located beyond the core radius of clusters of galaxies, do not appear to be nucleated. We revisit the scenario that the formation of dwarf galaxies' nuclei is due to the orbital decay of globular clusters within them and suggest that the observed dichotomy and spatial dependence of dwarf galaxy morphology is due to the nature and the relative strength of the extragalactic tidal perturbation. Through a series of numerical simulations, we show that in dwarf galaxies with a relatively weak external tidal perturbation dynamical friction can lead to significant orbital decays of globular clusters and the formation of compact nuclei within a Hubble timescale. Similar tendencies also occur in those dwarf galaxies near the center of clusters of galaxies where the extragalactic tidal perturbation tends to preserve the integrity of dwarf galaxies. Based on these numerical simulations, we show that the observed central structures of four nucleated dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Cluster are well modeled by superimposing a small number of globular clusters onto the background stellar distribution. We also deduce a flat mass-weighted velocity-dispersion distribution that is consistent with some recent observations and suggest that the cores of nucleated dwarfs may be slightly off center within ~1 Gyr after each globular cluster merger event. In the outskirts of clusters of galaxies external tidal perturbation tends to disrupt dwarf galaxies and prevent the sedimentation of the globular clusters within them. We speculate that the residual nucleated dwarf galaxies near the central regions of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies may be the first entities to have congregated and remained there. Such a scenario is consistent with the cold dark matter hypothesis for galaxy formation.