Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organizational acculturation in foreign subsidiaries

Organizational acculturation refers to the influence of parent organizational culture resulting in change of work values of local employees in foreign subsidiaries. A study of host country national middle managers in Southeast Asia explored the impact of organizational acculturation. In the first phase, the work-related cultural values of managers employed by Swedish subsidiaries in Singapore were compared with those of a control group of managers employed by non-Swedish companies. The second phase investigated the work values of managers in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Thailand, based on Hofstede's four cultural dimensions. The findings clearly indicated that local managers in Swedish subsidiaries had experienced organizational acculturation, as distinct Swedish values had been adopted. However, cultural change did not occur to an equal extent among the three countries nor between different cultural values. Implications of the findings for international human resource management are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China: Modernization, Identity, and International Relations

1. Discovering Chinese nationalism in China 2. Nationalism and Statism: decentralization vs centralization 3. Identity crisis, the New Left and anti-West sentiment 4. The clash of civilizations? Confucian vs Christian civilizations 5. 'Comprehensive national power': China's perception of National interest 6. The politics of official discourse against 'anti-China' theories 7. Identity transition and Chinese power: whither China's new nationalism?
Website Fingerprinting Attack on Anonymity Networks Based on Profile Hidden Markov Model

Website fingerprinting attacks can reveal the receiver in anonymous networks and cause a potential threat to users’ privacy. Previous studies focus more on identifying individual webpages. They also neglect the hyperlink transition information, because it induces extra “noise” to classify the original webpage. However, it is a common scenario that the users surf a website by clicking hyperlinks on the webpage. In this paper, we propose a website modeling method based on profile hidden Markov model (PHMM) which is widely used in bioinformatics for DNA sequencing analysis. Our technique explicitly accounts for possible hyperlink transitions made by users when fingerprinting a target website, and therefore can work in a more realistic environment than existing methods. Using SSH and Shadowsocks, we collect various data sets and conduct extensive evaluations. We also show that our approach could work both in webpage and website identification in a closed world setting. The experimental results demonstrate that our website fingerprinting is more accurate and robust than existing methods.
Time-varying estimates on the openness of the capital account in Korea and Taiwan

How open are the capital accounts in Korea and Taiwan? Has there been a trend towards more financial openness during the 1980s? This paper aims at answering both questions by estimating a model of interest determination first outlined by Edwards and Khan, in an extension suggested by Haque and Montiel. Use is made of a time-varying parameter estimation based on the Kalman filter technique, instead of the usual constant parameter estimation. The findings indicate a low degree of capital mobility for both Korea and Taiwan, and no trend towards more financial openness (except recently in Taiwan's interbank market). The dismantling of capital controls and of internal financial restrictions is thus likely to impose an important loss of monetary autonomy in both countries . Quel est le degre d'ouverture des comptes de capital en Coree et a Taiwan ? Une tendance vers une plus grande ouverture financiere s'est-elle manifestee au cours des annees 80 ? Le but de ce document est de repondre a ces deux questions en procedant a l'estimation d'un modele de determination des taux d'interet, d'abord esquisse par Edwards et Khan, puis approfondi par Haque et Montiel. On utilise l'estimation d'un parametre variant avec le temps et basee sur la technique du filtre de Kalman au lieu de l'estimation habituelle d'un parametre constant. Les resultats indiquent un faible degre de mobilite des capitaux, a la fois pour la Coree et Taiwan et aucune tendance vers une plus grande ouverture financiere (sauf recemment a Taiwan dans le marche inter-bancaire). Le demantelement du systeme de controle des capitaux et des restrictions financieres internes va donc provoquer une diminution sensible de l'autonomie monetaire dans ces deux pays .
Abnormal Returns to Mergers and Acquisitions in Ten Asian Stock Markets

I. INTRODUCTION The volume of mergers and acquisitions (MA Kwok and Tadesse, 2006). Given these differences, it is necessary to re-examine the validity of the theories and hypotheses with specific reference to developing markets in Asia. Some of the theories used to explain the M&A phenomena in developed economies may not be appropriate when trying to explain M&A activities in developing markets. For example, the "free cash flow" theory posits that managers of firms with unused borrowing power and large free cash flows are more likely to undertake low-benefit mergers. In developed economies, the "free cash flow" theory is often used to explain why diversification generates lower total gains (Jensen, 1986). However, preliminary evidence from diversification studies in developing markets indicates that diversification might generate higher total gains (Khanna and Palepu, 1997, 2000a, 2000b). The relative lack of extensive study of M&A in developing markets may be due to two reasons. First, unlike in developed markets, there is a lack of comprehensive databases on M&A transactions in emerging markets. Second, there are relatively small economies of scale and scope in emerging markets. Thus, there is a relatively small number of M&A transactions in emerging markets. However, the process of global economic integration and the excellent economic performance of some Asian emerging economies over the last few decades have caught the attention of both investors and academicians (Wright et al., 2005). In this study, we investigate abnormal returns to shareholders of bidder firms around the day of M&A announcement for ten emerging Asian markets: China, India, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The analysis is based on a sample of 1,477 M&A deals in these ten emerging Asian markets over six years (2000-2005). Our findings show that the emerging Asian stock markets have positive reactions to announcement of M&A deals. On average, shareholders of bidding firms gain 0. …
Sexual behaviour, contraceptive practice and knowledge of reproductive biology among adolescent secondary school girls in Nairobi, Kenya.

One thousand seven hundred and fifty one adolescent secondary school girls aged between 12 and 19 years were interviewed by means of self-administered questionnaire to determine their knowledge on reproductive biology, sexual behaviour and its relationship to contraceptive practice in late 1986. 23.8% of all the girls had been or were sexually active at the time of the study. 94.5% of the sexually active girls had not or were not using any method of contraception; while the rest, i.e. 5.5% were using mainly unreliable or risky methods of contraception. 1.7% of the sexually active girls admitted to have been pregnant at one time and had sought abortion. Majority of the girls displayed profound ignorance and misinformation regarding their reproductive biology and contraception. Their mothers played a very minor role in imparting this knowledge, their sources of information being fairly unreliable. While 77.8% of the girls were against school girls having sexual relationships, 90.7% of them felt that all women (including school girls) should be given contraceptives to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies.
Assessing the influence of parental anxiety on childhood anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Arab Emirates

The COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, China on December 31st and spread into international borders, leading to a public health crisis and complete shutdown of countries. The strict quarantine measures taken by governments kept a large number of people, around the world, in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. These unprecedented changes triggered a wide variety of psychological problems ranging from panic disorders, anxiety and depression. In this study, we aim to explore anxiety levels among parents, teachers and the general community amid the COVID-19 pandemic in the UAE, as well as identify emotional and anxiety disorders in children. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey we collected data from 2,200 self-selected assessed volunteers. Demographic information, knowledge and beliefs about COVID-19, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) using the (GAD-7) scale , emotional problems in children using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), worry and fear about COVID-19, coping mechanisms and general health information were collected. The overall prevalence of GAD in the general population was 71% with younger people (59.8%) and females (51.7%) reporting the highest levels of anxiety. Parents who were teachers reported the highest percentage of emotional problems in children (26.7%) compared to parents only (14.6%) or teachers only (4.7%). Multivariate logistic regression for GAD-7 score showed that females, participants who felt public fear was justifiable, persons who worried about COVID-19, persons who intended to take the COVID-19 vaccine and smokers were all associated with anxiety. Multivariate logistic regression for SDQ showed parents who had severe anxiety levels were 7 times more likely to report more emotional problems in their children (OR=7.00, 95% CI, 3.45 to 14.0) than less anxious parents. Findings suggest the urgency of policy makers to develop effective screening and coping strategies for parents and teachers and more specifically for vulnerable children.
Chapter 8. Indigenous Language–informed Participatory Policy in Taiwan: A Socio-political Perspective

This chapter highlights the importance of incorporating indigenous language and its daily practice in the local context of newly transformed indigenous policy in Taiwan. Currently, the official indigenous people’s language policy is relatively confined to curriculum development and certification of indigenous peoples’ language abilities with little consideration of language practices in real socio-political situations. This paper questions whether the revitalization of endangered indigenous languages can rely only on language policy per se. The participatory action research (PAR) methodology is employed as a main research method in inhabited Atayal communities. This chapter is divided into three main parts: firstly, a brief socio-political history of indigenous people in Taiwan is provided; secondly, two socio-political official projects related to traditional territory sovereignty are analyzed: their failure is revealed due to the neglect of indigenous language and local participation; thirdly, a case from an Atayal village, Smangus, is provided to show how indigenous languages can be revitalized through combining the villagers’ daily practices and participation. In conclusion, this chapter argues for a combining of language policy with other socio-political policies so as to create environments in which indigenous peoples can speak their own languages.
Industry Policy in Taiwan and Korea in the 1980s

Introduction - winning with the market or governing the market? the role of government in the industrialization of Taiwan and Korea Taiwan's industrial policy in the 1980s Korea's industrial policy legacy picking winners or sustaining losers? did industrial policy really contribute to industrial upgrading? determinants of industrial competitiveness did industry policy interventions result in sustained productivity and export growth? revision of the revisionists - the 1997-98 Asian crisis.
Exporters, Jobs, and Wages in U.S. Manufacturing: 1976-1987

PERHAPS AT NO POINT in recent years has the debate over the direction of trade policy so demanded public attention. Whether it has been Al Gore and Ross Perot clashing on national television about the merits and pitfalls of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), or individual members of Congress attempting to provide additional protection for domestic industries in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the debate over the pace and scope of changes in trade regulations and tariffs has been omnipresent. Both proponents and opponents of NAFTA and GATT have argued that the implementation of these treaties will have large and important effects on the domestic economy. Close to the surface in this debate is the issue of U.S. manufacturing competitiveness. " The experience of increasing import competition, particularly from export-led economies such as Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan, concurrent with stagnant living standards during the 1970s and 1980s and decreasing employment in manufacturing, has left some people wondering aloud about the competitiveness of U.S. manufacturing. The concerns include the long-term viability of important
IL-17 patterns in synovium, serum and synovial fluid from treatment-naïve, early rheumatoid arthritis patients.

BACKGROUND There are actually becoming controversial data regarding the profiles of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in different pathogenical stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVES To assessing the IL-17 patterns in synovium, serum and synovial fluid from treatment-naïve early RA patients and to identifying potential correlations with disease activity markers and with synovial histopathological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples from 30 treatment-naïve early RA patients were evaluated for C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP). IL-17A levels were also assessed in serum and synovial fluid (SF). Disease activity score (DAS28) calculation was done for all patients. Control serum and SF samples were obtained from 29 patients with osteoarthritis (OA); control synovium specimens were obtained from eight patients with OA and during surgery for knee tear ligaments. Histopathological (Hp) score, immunohistochemical reactivity for IL-17 were also assessed in synovium of early RA patients and controls. Dependencies between serum and synovial profile of IL-17A and the other parameters were statistically tested. RESULTS In early RA patients, strong correlations of serum and SF IL-17A levels were found with ESR, CRP, RF, anti-CCP, Hp score and IL-17 synovial immunoreactivity; a good correlation was noted with DAS28 score. Also, strong correlation was noted between serum and SF IL-17A levels. CONCLUSIONS In early stages of untreated RA, simultaneous IL-17 assessment of serum, SF and synovium might be valuable in defining activity and predictive patterns, given that synovium is highly suggestive for an disease aggressivity and might express specific therapeutically targets.
Trends of stomach cancer mortality in Eastern Asia in 1950–2004: comparative study of Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore using age, period and cohort analysis

To characterize the temporal trends of stomach cancer mortality in Eastern Asia and to better interpret the causes of the trends, we performed age, period and cohort analysis (APC analysis) on the mortality rates in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore during 1950–2004, as well as the rates in the US as a control population. For the APC analysis, Holford's approach was used to avoid the identification problem. Age‐standardized mortality rates (ASMR) decreased consistently in all four areas during the observation period in both males and females. Japan had the highest ASMR in both sexes, followed by Singapore, Hong Kong and the US, but the differences in ASMR among the four areas diminished with time. The results of APC analysis suggested that the decreasing mortality rates in Eastern Asia were caused by the combination of decreasing cohort effect since the end of the 1800s and decreasing period effect from the 1950s. The US showed similar results, but its decreases in the period and cohort effect preceded those of Eastern Asia. Possible causes for the decrease in the cohort effect include improvement in the socioeconomic conditions during childhood and a decrease in the prevalence of H. pylori infection, while possible causes for the decrease in the period effect include a decrease in dietary salt intake and improvements in cancer detection and treatment. These findings may help us to predict future changes in the mortality rates of stomach cancer.
HIV risk behaviors and obstacles to condom use among Puerto Rican men in New York City who have sex with men.

OBJECTIVES This paper describes the sexual risk behaviors of Puerto Rican men who have sex with men and their perceived obstacles to condom use. METHODS Interviews were conducted with 182 Puerto Rican men living in New York, NY. RESULTS Condoms were used inconsistently or not at all by half of the men who had anal sex with other men, by two thirds of the men who had vaginal sex, and by three fifths of those who had anal sex with women. Most of the men had had unprotected oral sex and more than one sexual partner in the previous year. Three of 10 were positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Dislike of condoms was the most frequently cited obstacle, followed by perception of low risk, trust in and emotional connection with partner, unavailability and inconvenience of condom use, lack of control, and indifference. CONCLUSIONS Barrier methods other than condoms, such as a microbicidal, gel, need to be developed.
Themed Section: Vascular Endothelium in Health and Disease

Institut Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France, and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Department Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, and Department BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea Correspondence Michel Félétou, Department Angiology, Institut de Recherches Servier, 11 rue des Moulineaux, 92150 Suresnes, France. E-mail: michel.feletou@fr.netgrs. com
Competence and behavioral/emotional problems among Taiwanese adolescents as reported by parents and teachers.

OBJECTIVE To investigate competence and behavioral/emotional problems among nonreferred adolescents in Taiwan, using a Chinese version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL-C) and the Teacher's Report Form (TRF-C). The psychometric properties of these instruments and cross-cultural differences were also examined. METHOD Parents of 854 junior high school students aged 12 to 16 years in Taipei, Taiwan, were asked to complete the CBCL-C. Among these students, 162 had their teachers' ratings of the TRF-C. RESULTS The internal consistency and 1-month test-retest reliability were satisfactory for both the CBCL-C and TRF-C, which were moderately correlated. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis provided some support for the validity of Achenbach's cross-informant model. Parents' reports showed that compared with their American counterparts, Taiwanese adolescents tended to have lower scores on most competence scales, higher scores on scales that reflect covert behavior problems, and lower scores on scales that reflect more overt behavior problems. However, teachers' reports showed no significant differences on most competence and behavior problem scales. CONCLUSION The CBCL-C and TRF-C are useful tools for assessing the mental health status of Taiwanese adolescents. The cross-cultural differences in adolescent behavior problems are discussed.
Joint Involvement and Synovial Histopathology in BD

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a polysymptomatic and recurrent systemic vasculitis with a chronic course and unknown cause. Joint involvement in BD is common. Arthritis and arthralgia in BD are known to be the most common rheumatologic findings. Arthropathy in BD is monoarthritis or asymmetrical oligoarthritis affecting larger joints, and it is usually acute or recurrent with a self-limiting course. Bone deformity and destruction are rare. Autoantibodies are typically negative, and the presence of anti-CCP antibodies at high titers favors a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although joint involvement is clinically well recognized, few histologic studies have been reported. In this chapter, we focused on the synovitis and synovial histopathology in BD.
Is Cross-listing Associated with Stronger Executive Incentives? Evidence from China

This study examines whether firms incorporated in mainland China benefit from cross-listing in Hong Kong, China. The Hong Kong Stock Market has more stringent governance rules and a better investor protection than the mainland market. Hong Kong companies generally provide strong incentives to executives via equity-based compensation. Have cross-listed companies learned from Hong Kong local firms in adopting strong executive incentives? The evidence from this study suggests that top executive compensation of cross-listed firms is more sensitive to sales growth than mainland firms without cross-listing. However, compared to that of Hong Kong firms, executive pay of cross-listed firms are less sensitive to stock returns. Further study shows that it is necessary to differentiate state and non-state companies among the cross-listed firms, as they exhibit different patterns of executive incentives.
Chemical characteristics of PM 2 . 5 and organic aerosol source analysis during cold front episodes in Hong Kong , China

a Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China b College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, 625014, China c SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China d Atmospheric Research Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, Nansha IT Park, Nansha, Guangzhou 511458, China e Environmental Central Facility, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
OF WARS AND CONFLICTS : THE CONSTRUCTION OF SADDAM IN THE IRAQ-IRAN WAR IN THE

The aim of this study is to investigate the US press discourse during the Iraq-Iran war and answer the following question: ‘how was Saddam Hussein discursively constructed during the Iraq-Iran war (1980-1988)? To achieve this, the study employed a triangulation of corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis represented by the Discourse Historical Approach (DHA). The analysis revealed that Saddam Hussein was viewed by the media as playing on the early historical and religious enmity between the Arab and the Persians to mobilize and encourage the Iraqi people to continue the conflict with Iran. This negative representation was further elaborated by portraying Saddam as long coveting a military voice in the Gulf region in addition to constructing his personality cult coercively through his military/forces, portraits/pictures, or the media or State television station. Further to this negative representation, Saddam was linked negatively to the personality cults of Stalin and Kim Il Sung in North Korea. Furthermore, the US press reported that neither Saddam’s (Iraq) nor Iran’s victory were desired by the US government as the former was portrayed as an ambitious, local bully to the Arab gulf countries in general, and Israel in particular. Similarly, an Iran victory was perceived as destabilising the entire Gulf region by spreading its Shiism and influencing other Shiites minority countries; thereby threatening US interests in the region.