Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Space-operating Linux: An Operating System for Computer Vision on Commercial-Grade Equipment in LEO

With recent exponential advances in AI-particularly with respect to the tremendous power and efficiency accessible for data processing-there is now a countless array of applications for aerospace missions and space exploration, even in experimental CubeSats. However, with the large volume of data acquisition required for satellite missions, downlinking presents an increasingly expensive bottleneck that drastically reduces mission efficiency. Hence, there is a skyrocketing demand to perform edge computation on board the payload system, often via a graphics processing unit (GPU). Multiple edge-computing CubeSat missions set to operate in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), including the University of Georgia's Multiview Onboard Computational Imager (MOCI), house an Nvidia Jetson TX2i module to perform onboard computer vision. As is the case for many commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices used in CubeSats, the TX2i does not come radiation-hardened, and its most vulnerable component is its eMMC disk. Even with the option of radiation shielding, there is nevertheless a possibility of single event effects (SEEs) reaching the TX2i, calling for software-level mitigation as a final line of defense. The MOCI team and partners at Johns Hopkins University's Applied Physics Lab have developed Space Operating Linux (SOL), a minimized Yocto-based operating system with built-in redundancy designed to handle these environmental pressures. While SOL contains patches that enable real-time scheduling in Linux for time-sensitive reliability in flight, the methodologies of operating system minimization, software-based triple modular redundancy in persistent memory with associated bootloader modifications, and a RAM-based file system allow the device to rely less on its eMMC card and render it less prone to radiation-induced damage. Results from proton SEE tests on the device's chip exhibit lower expected error rates in LEO compared to stock devices. Additionally, the devices tested were less prone to permanent failure under a narrower beam than used in previous tests, confirming that peripherals including flash are the highest contributors to critical failures on the TX2i.
On a Sufficient Condition for Transitivity of Majority Decision

Professor K. J. Arrow (1) has shown that under very general rationality conditions it is impossible to obtain a social ordering from indi vidual orderings. This holds no matter what the method of arriving at the social ordering from individual orderings may be. In particular, under general conditions the method of majority de cisions will lead to intransitivity of social ordering which can be explained as follows.
Analysis of the log-periodic V-dipole antenna

The log-periodic V-dipole antenna (LPVA) operating in the 3\lambda/2 mode is analyzed numerically using the projective technique. The antenna is treated as a parallel connection of an array of V-dipoles and a feeder transmission line. This decoupling of the circuits enables one to obtain the dipole currents simply by considering the array of V-dipoles as a boundary value problem and solving the necessary integral equations. The currents can then be used to give the various properties of the antenna. Effects on the antenna behavior obtained by changing its parameters are illustrated, and general characteristic curves presented.
Design of multi-Sensor Cooperative Detection Architecture Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

Due to the diversity of information sources, the information provided by a single sensor can no longer meet the needs. Therefore, multi-sensor collaborative detection technology is a hot topic in the current research field. At present, there is no recognized, reasonable and effective method for evaluating the effectiveness of multi-sensor collaborative detection. To solve this problem, this paper will take sonar sensor, magnetic detector and infrared detector as the research object, and propose a multi- sensor collaborative detection architecture based on analytic hierarchy process to provide technical support for multi-sensor collaborative detection technology.
Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Comparison of Mitogenomes Reveal Adaptive Radiation of Lampriform Fishes

Lampriform fishes (Lampriformes), which primarily inhabit deep-sea environments, are large marine fishes varying from the whole-body endothermic opah to the world’s longest bony fish-giant oarfish, with species morphologies varying from long and thin to deep and compressed, making them an ideal model for studying the adaptive radiation of teleost fishes. Moreover, this group is important from a phylogenetic perspective owing to their ancient origins among teleosts. However, knowledge about the group is limited, which is, at least partially, due to the dearth of recorded molecular data. This study is the first to analyze the mitochondrial genomes of three lampriform species (Lampris incognitus, Trachipterus ishikawae, and Regalecus russelii) and infer a time-calibrated phylogeny, including 68 species among 29 orders. Our phylomitogenomic analyses support the classification of Lampriformes as monophyletic and sister to Acanthopterygii; hence, addressing the longstanding controversy regarding the phylogenetic status of Lampriformes among teleosts. Comparative mitogenomic analyses indicate that tRNA losses existed in at least five Lampriformes species, which may reveal the mitogenomic structure variation associated with adaptive radiation. However, codon usage in Lampriformes did not change significantly, and it is hypothesized that the nucleus transported the corresponding tRNA, which led to function substitutions. The positive selection analysis revealed that atp8 and cox3 were positively selected in opah, which might have co-evolved with the endothermic trait. This study provides important insights into the systematic taxonomy and adaptive evolution studies of Lampriformes species.
Curvature based updates for optimization problems on a hypersurface

We propose a new class of algorithms for the optimization of a smooth cost function over a smooth hypersurface. In each step of the algorithm the hypersurface is approximated by a quadric, the optimization problem is solved on the quadric and the result projected back onto the hypersurface. We illustrate with an example that this approach can be computationally feasible. Keywords— geometric optimization, hypersurface
Cellular Alterations in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Due to Interactions with Nanomaterials

Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties that are useful for a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications; nevertheless, increasing concern exists about their biosafety. This review aims to focus on the implications of nanoparticles in cellular metabolism and their outcomes. In particular, some NPs have the ability to modify glucose and lipid metabolism, and this feature is especially interesting to treat diabetes and obesity and to target cancer cells. However, the lack of specificity to reach target cells and the toxicological evaluation of nontargeted cells can potentially induce detrimental side effects, closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, identifying the metabolic alterations caused by NPs, independent of their application, is highly needed. To our knowledge, this increase would lead to the improvement and safer use with a reduced toxicity, increasing the number of available NPs for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases.
Effects of different ethnicities and FOXC2 gene C-512T polymorphisms on the intestinal flora: A study on healthy Dai and Han populations in Yunnan

: Present studies on ethnicity and intestinal ﬂora show that different ethnic factors, such as diet, geography, and genetics, can make remarkable differences in the structure of intestinal microbiota. To the best of our knowledge, in this study, the differences in intestinal ﬂora of healthy Dai and Han Chinese in the Yunnan region of China were determined for the ﬁrst time by high-throughput sequencing, and the correlation between polymorphisms of FOXC2 C-512T and the structure of intestinal ﬂora was analyzed. The study found that there were signiﬁcant differences in α and β diversity in intestinal ﬂora between healthy Dai and Han people, and the two ethnic groups had dominant microbiota, through analysis at gate and genus levels. Moreover, our study shows that the intestinal ﬂora structure of FOXC2 C-512T locus CT is different from that of the other two genotypes in terms of α and β diversity and that FOXC2 C-512T polymorphism can affect the composition of human intestinal ﬂora. This study mainly ﬁlls the gap in the ﬁeld of ethnic-gut microbiome research of Dai people and reveals the effect of FOXC2 C-512T polymorphism on the structure of human intestinal ﬂora.
Characterization of the Flash-Induced Fluorescence Wave Phenomenon in the Coral Endosymbiont Algae, Symbiodiniaceae

The dinoflagellate algae, Symbiodiniaceae, are significant symbiotic partners of corals due to their photosynthetic capacity. The photosynthetic processes of the microalgae consist of linear electron transport, which provides the energetic balance of ATP and NADPH production for CO2 fixation, and alternative electron transport pathways, including cyclic electron flow, which ensures the elevated ATP requirements under stress conditions. Flash-induced chlorophyll fluorescence relaxation is a non-invasive tool to assess the various electron transport pathways. A special case of fluorescence relaxation, the so-called wave phenomenon, was found to be associated with the activity of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDH) in microalgae. We showed previously that the wave phenomenon existed in Symbiodiniaceae under acute heat stress and microaerobic conditions, however, the electron transport processes related to the wave phenomenon remained unknown. In this work, using various inhibitors, we show that (i) the linear electron transport has a crucial role in the formation of the wave, (ii) the inhibition of the donor side of Photosystem II did not induce the wave, whereas inhibition of the Calvin–Benson cycle accelerated it, (iii) the wave phenomenon was related to the operation of type II NDH (NDH-2). We therefore propose that the wave phenomenon is an important marker of the regulation of electron transport in Symbiodiniaceae.
Therapeutic Mentoring for Multiply Marginalized Youth: A Grounded Theory Study of Mentors’ Adaptation During the COVID-19 Crisis

The Campus Connections (CC) therapeutic youth mentoring program provides multiply marginalized youth with access to resources (e.g., highly trained undergraduate student mentors, therapeutic interventions) to thrive. In this study, the researchers investigated the distinctive encounter that mentors and their mentees within the CC program experienced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The qualitative data collected from the mentors’ weekly written reflections, and semi structured interviews were coded using Grounded Theory Method (GTM). Findings describe an adaptive process with three connecting themes of: Initial stress response of mentors, transition to online programming, and the mentorship process. The findings have important implications for youth mentoring programs using virtual platforms.
How Do Verbs Get Their Names? Denominal verbs, Manner Incorporation, and the Ontology of Verb Roots in English

Evidence is presented showing that denominal verbs in English, of both the location/locatum variety and the unergative variety, are ‘measured-out’ by the incorporated nominal Root. This strongly supports Hale and Keyser’s (1993 et seq.) l-syntactic approach, since it shows parallel semantic effects of identical structures in overt syntax and l-syntax, and suggests that English Roots of denominal verbs have inherent semantic properties, in particular, ‘boundedness’, which determine the effects they produce when they are Incremental Themes. * I wish to thank the workshop organizers, Tova Rapoport and Nomi Erteschik-Shir, as well as the workshop participants and audiences at the University of Maryland and the University of Arizona, for very useful input. All remaining shortcomings are of course my own responsibility.
Activation Analysis for the D- 3 He Reactor ARIES-III

Activation analysis has been performed for the D-He fueled reactor ARIES-III. The activity, decay heat and biological hazard potential (BHP) have been calculated for the low activation steel (modified HT-9) first wall and shield as a function of time following the reactor shutdown. The total activity produced in the reactor at shutdown is 1549 MCi. The total activity produced in the reactor organic coolant following 30 full power years of operation without reprocessing is 458 Ci. The modified HT-9 shield qualifies for shallow land burial as Class A low level waste. The biological dose rate after shutdown at the back of the outboard shield is too high to allow hands-on maintenance. Burning all the tritium in the plasma chamber results in increasing the radioactivity generated in ARIES-III by 65% to 85% at different times following the reactor shutdown.
Identification, Culture Characteristics and Whole-Genome Analysis of Pestalotiopsis neglecta Causing Black Spot Blight of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta. From the diseased pine needles collected in Honghuaerji, the P. neglecta strain YJ-3 was isolated and identified as the phytopathogen, and its culture characteristics were studied. Then, we generated a highly contiguous 48.36-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 6.62 Mbp) of the P. neglecta strain YJ-3 by combining the PacBio RS II Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platforms. The results showed that a total of 13,667 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen–host interaction.
Left Atrial Myxoma With Aortic Insufficiency Leading to Cerebrovascular Accident

Primary cardiac tumors are extremely rare and can lead to significant neurologic symptoms if not diagnosed and treated appropriately. Cardiac myxomas represent the most common subtype of cardiac tumors and are typically located on the left side of the heart and, when diagnosed appropriately with echocardiography, are typically treated with surgical excision. Simultaneous presentation of myxoma and valvular insufficiency is rare and under-documented. This is a rare case of a patient with a left atrial myxoma and aortic insufficiency leading to cerebrovascular symptoms.
Surface modification of silicon carbide at atomic and close-to-atomic scale by femtosecond laser

Hexagonal silicon carbide exhibits great potential in various applications due to the excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the nature of hard and brittle makes it difficult to processing especially at atomic scale. In this study, the irradiation of femtosecond laser pulse on 4H-SiC (0001) Si-face is studied using both the experiments and the simulations of hybrid molecular dynamics (MD) and two temperature model (TTM). The removal and amorphous of material induced by single laser pulse are investigated with different fluences, and the influence of energy absorption depths is discussed. An ablation crater with 4 nm depth and sub-diffraction limited size is detected, implying the importance of multi-photon ionization. This study provides an atomic view on the interaction of laser with silicon carbide, illustrating that pulsed laser with shorter wavelength is more suitable for propelling atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM).
Stable Water Isotopes in Climatology, Meteorology, and Hydrology: A Review

Recent advancements in the measurement and modeling of heavy stable water isotopes (i.e., H2O and HDO), especially in situ and remote sensing spectroscopic vapor isotope measurements and isotope-incorporated general circulation and regional models, have rapidly improved our understanding of the behavior of water isotopes on Earth. These advancements have significantly increased the recognition of the usefulness of information on stable water isotopes in the geoscience community. This study reviews these recent advancements and their applications in climatological, meteorological, and hydrological sciences. It also explores two emerging directions. The first is the direct validation of climate models using independent isotopic proxy data. I particularly discuss comparisons of the 20th Century Isotope Reanalysis dataset, which covers 1871–2008, to ice core δ18O, tree cellulose δ18O, and coral δ18O. The second is the use of isotopic data as constraints in various climatological, meteorological, and hydrological models. Ideally, vapor isotope data could be used to improve weather forecasting.
A relation between the logarithmic, Poisson, and negative binomial series.

TN RECENT YEARS, many applications [3, 41 have been found for the I logarithmic series developed by R. A. Fisher [11 in an investigation of the frequency distribution of numbers of species of animals obtained in random samples. Fisher derived this distribution by first considering . a Poisson distribution with mean m, since this is the usually observed distribution where we are dealing with homogeneous material. However, where we are dealing with heterogeneous material, it is no longer possibleto assume that m is fixed for all samples, so that Fisher assumed that it was distributed as a Gamma-type variable in the form
Thermomigration-induced void formation in Cu-interconnects - Assessment of main physical parameters

Using a dedicated test structure, the main physical parameters of void formation due to thermomigration (TM) were assessed. Based on physical and electrical void-analyses, we experimentally determined the time to void nucleation and estimated the heat of transport parameter $Q^{\ast}= 0.21$ eV for Cu interconnects with CD~1µm, Our studies show that TM has a 6x higher contribution to metal flux compared to the initial stress migration (SM) induced by the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch.
O problema de Cauchy para um sistema de equações do tipo Schrodinger não linear de terceira ordem

O modelo que descreve a dinâmica de dois pulsos nao lineares no interior de uma fibra optica e dado por    2i∂tu + q∂2 xu + iγ∂ 3 xu + 2i (β + μ) |u| ∂xu +2iβσβ |w| ∂xu + 2αu(|u| + σα |w|) +2iμu∂xu + 2iμσμu∂x(|w|) = 0 2i∂tw + q∂2 xw + iγ∂ 3 xw + 2i (β + μ) |w| ∂xw +2iβσβ |u| ∂xw + 2αw(|w| + σα |u|) +2iμw∂xw + 2iμσμw∂x(|u|) = 0 (1) Varios estudos foram feitos em relacao ao sistema acoplado (1), principalmente para o caso σα = σβ = σμ = 1, no sentido de aplicar metodos numericos para se obter solucoes particulares do tipo ondas solitarias. Nesse caso, as solucoes ondas solitarias encontradas sao conhecidas por solucoes ”dark ”e ”bright ”, como podemos ver nos artigos [1],[2] e [3]. A existencia dessas solucoes globais sao de grande interesse na pesquisa pois elas sao importantes na transmissao de dados atraves de uma fibra optica por uma longa distância e de forma segura [3]. Neste trabalho estudamos o problema de valor inicial associado ao sistema de Equacoes do tipo Schrodinger nao linear de terceira ordem (1). Obtemos um resultado de boa colocacao local para o problema de valor inicial associado a (1), nos espacos de Sobolev Hs(R)×Hs(R), com s ≥ 1/4. No caso particular σα = σβ = σμ = 1 obtemos um resultado de boa colocacao global em Hs(R)×Hs(R), 3/5 < s ≤ 1. Referencias
Deploying and Analyzing Classification Algorithms for Intrusion Detection

Intrusion Detection Systems that use anomaly de-tection can detect unknown assaults, but they are less accurate, resulting in many false alarms. In this paper, machine learning techniques are examined in order to create IDSs that may be used in existing computer networks. In order to improve detection quality, a three-step optimization technique is first provided: 1) rebalancing the dataset with augmented data, 2) optimizing model performance, and 3) integrating the results of the best models through ensemble learning. This method has problems because the models are trained on previously known assaults and so do not do anomaly detection. To solve the existing issues, we studied the accuracy, sensitivity, roc curve, false positive rate of various binary and multi-class classifiers like KNN, Linear SVM, Quadratic SVM, multi-layer perceptron(MLP), and some other general classification algorithms, which inferred to us that some advancements could be made to the existing models. We developed a new and better LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) technique, a deep learning technique for recognizing attacks and storing them in long-term memory in order to counter future attacks.
Transmitter Design Considerations for a Small Satellite Multi-Frequency Antenna

This paper presents a transmitter design strategy for integrating several high efficiency Class-E RF amplifiers for small satellite subsystems operating at different frequencies to a single antenna. An electrically small monopole/dipole type antenna is preferred for small satellites. However, integrating Class-E RF amplifiers to the low antenna resistance and high capacitive reactance of this class of antenna presents two challenges. First, matching networks with large impedance transformation ratios that are impractically sensitive to circuit and antenna port variations are necessary to achieve the high optimum load resistance of conventional low power Class-E design solutions. Second, a low antenna resistance results in comparatively significant real circuit and components resistive losses which means that the Class-E amplifier efficiency becomes a strong function of the dissipative losses as well as the Class-E waveforms. We propose a transmitter design that is based on a novel Class-E amplifier design strategy, and a multiplexer design technique that builds impedance matching into each multiplexer branch that can be adjusted without altering the multiplexers filtering characteristics. We reduce the impedance transformation ratio required by introducing a Class-E amplifier design strategy that tailors the optimum fundamental load impedance of the amplifier to the antenna impedance by varying three Class-E design parameters which control the transistor voltage and current waveforms. To realize high power added efficiency, we propose utilizing the adjustable impedance matching within each multiplexer branch to predictably and independently optimize each Class-E amplifiers load impedance for real circuit and components in the multiplexer configuration without causing an unwanted deviation in the performance of the remaining Class-E amplifiers multiplexed to the common antenna port. This is achieved because the independence of each impedance match to the multiplexers filtering characteristics ensures that optimizing each amplifiers load impedance does not alter how each amplifier loads the common antenna port. To demonstrate the transmitter design strategy, an example transmitter design operating at 144.2 MHz, 432.6 MHz, and 1297.8 MHz was synthesized and simulated for a tri-band 3U CubeSat antenna which has been designed for Ionospheric remote sensing. The simulation results show that the transmitter design strategy can achieve a power added efficiency and power gain of greater than 54.9% and 13.1 dB respectively for an antenna exhibiting a resistance as low as 1. 07Ω.