Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical approach to comparative nanoparticle and small molecule import, trafficking,

Central to understanding how nanoscale objects interact with living matter is the need for reproducible and verifiable data that can be interpreted with confidence. Likely this will be the basis of durable advances in nanomedicine and nanosafety. To develop these fields, there is also considerable interest in advancing the first generation of theoretical models of nanoparticle uptake into cells, and nanoparticle biodistribution in general. Here we present an uptake study comparing the outcomes for free molecular dye and nanoparticles labeled with the same dye. A simple flux-based approach is presented to model nanoparticle uptake. We find that the intracellular nanoparticle concentration grows linearly in time, and that the uptake is essentially irreversible, with the particles accumulating in lysosomes. A wide range of practical challenges, from labile dye release, to nanoparticle aggregation and the need to account for cell division, are addressed to ensure these studies yield meaningful kinetic information.
Quantifying Holocene Sea Level Change Using Intertidal Foraminifera: Lessons from the British Isles

Salt-marsh foraminifera have been used to reconstruct Holocene sealevel changes from coastlines around the world. In this work, we compile the results of surface foraminiferal surveys from fifteen study sites located on the east, south and west coasts of Great Britain, and the west coast of Ireland. These data, which comprise 236 samples and 84 species, are used to summarize the contemporary distributions of intertidal foraminifera around the British Isles, and to examine the environmental controls governing them. Seasonal and sub-surface foraminiferal data suggest that foraminiferal dead assemblages provide the most appropriate dataset for studying patterns of foraminiferal distributions in the context of sea-level reconstruction. In contrast to live populations or total assemblages, the dead assemblages are less affected by seasonal fluctuations and post-depositional modifications. Subsurface foraminiferal data also indicate that foraminifera at the study sites live primarily in epifaunal habitats. Consequently, foraminiferal samples comprising the upper centimeter of sediment are appropriate analogues for the study of past sea-level change employing fossil assemblages contained within intertidal deposits. Surface dead assemblages from the fifteen study sites indicate a vertical zonation of foraminifera within British and Irish salt-marshes that is similar to those in other mid-latitude, cool temperate intertidal environments. Whilst the composition and vertical ranges of assemblage zones vary between sites, two general sub-divisions can be made: an agglutinated assemblage restricted to the vegetated marsh; and a high diversity calcareous assemblage that occupies the mudflats and sandflats of the intertidal zone. Three of the fifteen study sites permit further subdivision of the agglutinated assemblage into a high and middle marsh zone (Ia) dominated by Jadammina macrescens with differing abundances of Trochammina inflata and Miliammina fusca, and a low marsh Anuar io do Inst i tu to de Geociencias UFRJ ISSN 0101-9759 Vol. 29 1 / 2006 p. 541-542
Nursing and Health Care Research

Introduction: Chile has set challenges in terms of child protection, such as reducing inequality, which implies safeguarding social protection from the earliest stages of life. Objective: To understand the perceptions of governmental, administrative and technical actors at the national, regional and Health Service levels, in relation to the management process in the implementation of the Chile Crece Contigo Comprehensive Child Protection System. Method: Design: descriptive qualitative, purposive sample, participants were key informants from governmental and clinical management at the national, regional and health service levels of the Ministries of Social Development, Health and Education. A total of 10 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted, thematic type data analysis in stages. Results: The findings in the analyzed speeches revealed the following categories: Management capabilities and leadership, Critical knots in the implementation of the management model, Vision of the social benefits of the policy. Conclusions: It is concluded that it was a complex process of change, where they faced administrative and human capital barriers. There were challenges mainly in the management of integrated work with interdisciplinary and intersectoral networks at different levels of action, despite the fact that the essence of social protection policies is to be participatory and inclusive.
Waterfowl populations in the Upper Chesapeake region

The Upper Chesapeake region is one of the more important areas in North America for migrating and wintering waterfowl. Conditions here affect the welfare of waterfowl populations in the entire Atlantic Flyway. During the more recent years of this study there was a noticeable decline in the waterfowl populations in this region, probably as a result of destruction and disturbance of habitat along with a steady increase in hunting pressure. The purpose of this report is to present information on the distribution, ecology, and harvest of waterfowl in the Chesapeake Bay Region, so that this information can be used as a guide to management and preservation of waterfowl populations.
Women and Diabetes

There is an increasing demand by women with diabetes for information on health issues such as pre‐conception planning, contraceptive choices, hormone replacement therapy, and osteoporosis prevention. The risks and benefits of therapeutic approaches in these areas will be influenced by the presence of diabetes. Other health issues discussed in this article, which are unique to women with diabetes, include the effect of the menstrual cycle on glycaemic control and insulin requirements, and insulin omission in order to lose weight.
University of Birmingham Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization Based Multimodal Optimization: Fitness Landscape Approximation and Peak Detection

—Recently, by taking advantage of evolutionary multiobjective optimization techniques in diversity preservation, the means of multiobjectivization has attracted increasing interest in the studies of multimodal optimization (MMO). While most existing work of multiobjectivization aims to ﬁnd all optimal solutions simultaneously, in this paper, we propose to approximate multimodal ﬁtness landscapes via multiobjectivization, thus providing an estimation of potential optimal areas. To begin with, an MMO problem is transformed into a multiobjective optimization problem (MOP) by adding an adaptive diversity indicator as the second optimization objective, and an approximate ﬁt-ness landscape is obtained via optimization of the transformed MOP using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. Then, on the basis of the approximate ﬁtness landscape, an adaptive peak detection method is proposed to ﬁnd peaks where optimal solutions may exist. Finally, local search is performed inside the detected peaks on the approximate ﬁtness landscape. To assess the performance of the proposed algorithm, extensive experiments are conducted on 20 multimodal test functions, in comparison with three state-of-the-art algorithms for MMO. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm not only shows promising performance in benchmark comparisons, but also has good potential in assisting preference-based decision-making in MMO.
Are the chemical families still there? exploration of similarity among elements †

The Periodic Table (PT) is perhaps the most famous and widespread icon of chemistry. It orders chemical elements by their nuclear charge and groups them into families according to their similarity. Such arrangement was built using data about formulae of few compounds available in 19th century. Since then, the number of compounds has grown exponentially during the 20th and 21st centuries, and new types of compounds have been obtained that were unknown to pioneers, rising the question about the validity and generality of the PT. Can these patterns be extracted from current data or are they constrained to a particular chemical domain? To answer this question we conducted a Big Data exploration of chemical similarity using formulae of compounds reported since around 1800. We found that the similarities between elements of the same family are resilient to attacks and are ubiquitous along chemical contexts. We also found that PT groups approach true equivalence classes, being the most symmetrical and transitive on our data. These features point to an underlying structure in the PT ruling the similarity between elements, which agrees with its fundamental nature. Time analysis revealed that since around 1980 all similarity relations are waning by an increasing production of unique formulae on almost all elements, leading to a singularization of elements. Nonetheless, PT families tend to be more frequently found, showing they prevail over any other similarity pattern.
The Concentration of Women's Employment and Relative Occupational Pay: A Statistical Framework for Comparative Analysis

This report assesses the relation between women’s employment in those occupations where they are most concentrated and their relative level of pay. The analysis is applied to seven countries - Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States - over a period covering the past ten to fifteen years. An important feature of the study involves the collection and analysis of national earnings data at a detailed level of occupational classification, enabling us to address instances of vertical and horizontal gender segregation that may be obscured by less detailed categories. As international harmonised earnings data for detailed occupational categories do not exist, it has been necessary to collect data from the different national sources. Given the dangers this presents for an analysis which seeks to make comparisons of occupations across countries, the report details the wide range of different sources of data, as well as the variety of definitions of . Ce rapport etablit la relation entre la concentration de l'emploi des femmes dans quelques professions et le niveau relatif de leur salaire. L'analyse est menee a partir de la situation dans sept pays: l'Australie, l'Allemagne, le Canada, les Etats-Unis, la France, la Norvege et le Royaume-Uni, sur une periode qui couvre les dix a quinze dernieres annees. Une caracteristique particuliere de l'etude est que la collecte et l'analyse des donnees nationales sur les salaires par profession s'est faite a un niveau detaille de la classification des professions, ce qui permet de reperer des cas de segregation horizontale et verticale qui seraient restes masques a des niveaux de la classification moins detailles. Du fait qu'il n'existe pas de donnees sur les salaires par profession detaillee harmonisees au niveau international, il a fallu collecter les donnees a partir des differentes sources nationales. Etant donne les risques que cela comporte pour une analyse qui vise a des comparaisons .
Modélisation de la propagation de fissure de fatigue assistée par l'hydrogène gazeux dans les matériaux métalliques

De nombreux travaux experimentaux mettent en evidence que, dans un environnement hydrogenant, l'hydrogene genere par des reactions en surface puis draine dans la zone plastifiee modifie les mecanismes de deformation et d'endommagement en pointe de fissure de fatigue dans les metaux, entrainant un abaissement important de leur resistance a la fissuration. L'objectif est de developper un modele de ces phenomenes complexes dans le cadre de la mecanique de l'endommagement, et de le confronter aux resultats d'essais de propagation de fissure de fatigue sous hydrogene gazeux sur un acier inoxydable martensitique 15-5PH. Un modele de fissuration utilisant une methode de zone cohesive a ete implemente dans le code de calcul ABAQUS. Une loi de traction-separation adaptee aux chargements cycliques, dont les parametres sont influences par la concentration en hydrogene, a ete developpee. De plus, la diffusion de l'hydrogene tient compte de l'influence de la contrainte hydrostatique et du piegeage. Le comportement mecanique du volume du materiau est modelise par une loi elastoplastique. On montre que le modele est capable de predire la propagation monotone en presence d'hydrogene, puis on etudie la capacite du modele cohesif avec la loi de traction-separation developpee a predire les courbes de propagation de fatigue pour l'acier 15-5PH sous air. Enfin, les vitesses de propagation de fissure de fatigue simulees en presence d'hydrogene sont comparees a celles obtenues experimentalement. La capacite du modele a evaluer les contributions respectives des mecanismes d'endommagement (HELP, HEDE) dans la degradation de la resistance a la fissuration de l'acier etudie est discutee.
Professional identity: a grounded theory study of veteran academic librarians

Purpose – This qualitative study aims to analyse veteran academic librarians’ perceptions of librarianship to develop a grounded theory that models this group’s understandings of the profession. In addition, this study compares its findings to a previous grounded theory study that modelled novice academic librarians’ perceptions of the profession. Design/methodology/approach – Using the long interview technique, the analysts interviewed 15 veteran academic librarians, i.e. those with 10 or more years continuous experience as professional academic librarians, who work in Texas universities and four-year colleges. Qualitative analytical methods were used to develop a substantive grounded theory from the data. Findings – Two theoretical categories emerged that model academic librarian perceptions of the profession: orienting self (and others) to a shifting profession and driving change in the field. These categories depict academic librarianship as a profession focussed on change, and the theory valuates bot.
Hydrothermal synthesis, off-axis electron holography and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

The hydrothermal synthesis of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) (< 50 nm) from mixed FeCl 3 / FeCl 2 precursor solution at pH ~ 12 has been confirmed using complementary characterisation techniques of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Off-axis electron holography allowed for visualisation of their single domain (SD) nature, as well as inter-particle interactions, with the latter attributed to explain the pseudo-SD/multi-domain behaviour demonstrated by bulk magnetic measurements.
Instructions for use Title A mathematical model for Cantor coding in the hippocampus

Recent studies suggest that the hippocampus is crucial for memory of sequentially organized information. Cantor coding in hippocampal CA1 is theoretically hypothesized to provide a scheme for encoding temporal sequences of events. Here, in order to investigate this Cantor coding in detail, we construct a CA1 network model consisting of conductance-based model neurons. It is assumed that CA3 outputs temporal sequences of spatial patterns to CA1. We examine the dependence of output patterns of CA1 neurons on input time series by taking each output and combining it with an input sequence. It is shown that the output patterns of CA1 were hierarchically clustered in a self-similar manner according to the similarity of input temporal sequences. The population dynamics of the network can be well approximated by a set of contractive affine transformations, which forms a Cantor set. Furthermore, it is shown that the performance of the encoding scheme sensitively depends on the interval of input sequences. The bursting neurons with NMDA synapses are effective for encoding sequential input with long (over 150 msec) intervals while the non-bursting neurons with AMPA synapses are effective for encoding input with short (less than 30 msec) intervals.
Efficiency Gains from Team-Based Coordination – Large-Scale Experimental Evidence

The need for efficient coordination is ubiquitous in organizations and industries. The literature on the determinants of efficient coordination has focused on individual decision making so far. In reality, however, teams often have to coordinate with other teams. We present a series of coordination experiments with a total of 1,101 participants. We find that teams of three subjects each coordinate much more efficiently than individuals. This finding adds one important cornerstone to the recent literature on the conditions for successful coordination. We explain the differences between individuals and teams using the experience weighted attraction learning model.
Valid t-ratio Inference for IV1

In the single-IV model, researchers commonly rely on t-ratio-based inference, even though the literature has quantified its potentially severe large-sample distortions. Building on Stock and Yogo (2005), we introduce the tF critical value function, leading to a standard error adjustment that is a smooth function of the first-stage F-statistic. For one-quarter of specifications in 61 AER papers, corrected standard errors are at least 49 and 136 percent larger than conventional 2SLS standard errors at the 5-percent and 1percent significance levels, respectively. tF confidence intervals have shorter expected length than those of Anderson and Rubin (1949), whenever both are bounded.
Patient Experience Journal Patient Experience Journal

Patient-centred care (PCC) is not a new concept; however, in recent years it has garnered increasing attention in the research literature and clinical practice. PCC in clinical practice has been found to improve clinical outcomes, resource allocation, and the patient experience. In response to the need for PCC and quality in healthcare, the Ontario, Canada government developed the Excellent Care for All Act (ECFAA) in 2010. The ECFAA imposes six obligations to Ontario hospitals, one of which is developing and publishing a Patient Declaration of Values (PDoV). The purpose of this study was to explore how a leading patient-centred Ontario hospital operationalized their patient value statement in policy and practice. The objectives of this research were to: a) understand what role the patient value statement played in policy and practice within a leading Ontario hospital and b) to examine how a leading Ontario hospital incorporated these values into their overarching organizational structures. This was a qualitative case study, which took place in a leading patient-centred Ontario hospital. The study included 18 interviews with employees and patient/family advisors. The analysis found a five-step process including: 1) setting the stage, 2) inspiring change, 3) organizational capacity, 4) barriers, and 5) reflection and improvement. This study has highlighted the role of a patient value statement within a leading Ontario hospital. The findings provide a five-step process with 12 core strategies for creating change in a healthcare organization; to embed a culture of patient-centred care.
Identification and Efficient Utilization of Antibiotics for the Development of a Stable Transformation System in Porphyra yezoensis (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Despite the development of transient gene expression in red algae Porphyra species, a stable transformation system has not been stablished in these algae yet. One reason for the difficulty in the transformation is the lack of a way to select transformed cells from the algae. Thus, to identify antibiotics suitable for the selection of stably transformed cells, we tested the gametophyte for sensitivity to 6 antibiotics, ampicillin (Am), kanamycin (Km), hygromycin (Hm), geneticin (G418), chloramphenicol (Cm) and paromomycin (Pm), which are frequently employed as selection agents in the transformation of land plants and microalgae. Sensitivity tests, which were carried out with different concentrations (0-10 mg mL-1) of antibiotics, showed that Hm, G418, Cm and Pm exhibited a lethal effect at more than 1.0 mg mL-1, suggesting the suitability of these four antibiotics for the selection of genetically transformed cells from P. yezoensis gametophytes, while P. yezoensis gametophytes were highly resistant to Am and Km. We also succeeded in reducing the antibiotic concentrations by lowering the pH value and salt concentration using an artificial synthetic medium. Increasing the sensitivity of gametophytic cells to Hm, G418, Cm and Pm in the modified synthetic medium will contribute to establishing a genetic transformation system in P. yezoensis.
TRANSPORT ENERGY USE IN THE PERTH METROPOLITAN REGION

Estimates of transport energy use per capita and petrol costs have been made for thirty-eight zones comprising most of the Perth metropolitan region. The zones were divided into inner areas, middle suburbs and outer suburbs. Outer suburbs were estimated to have 58 per cent higher total transport energy use per person than inner areas. In dollar terms, total annual expenditure per person on petrol in inner areas was estimated to be $354 and in outer areas $558. Fremantle (postcode 6160) has the lowest total energy use and petrol expenditure per person ($265/year) which is over one third less than the average for Perth ($419). The Hillarys/Kallaroo/Mullaloo area (postcode 6025) is the highest total transport energy user ($715/person/year) - over two and a half times more than Fremantle and nearly one and three quarter times the Perth average. An attempt was made to relate these differences in energy use to some land use, modal split and income factors. Land use factors such as the proximity to Perth's central area, density and interspersion of different urban activities were primary in explaining the spatial patterns of energy use, with income having a minor though significant effect. The implications are analysed in terms of consolidating the city so that more people can have the benefits of accessibility and strengthening the subregional centres on the model of Fremantle with its more concentrated and mixed land use. (TRRL)
A modified transformerless hybrid buck converter

Buck Converters are the step down type of choppers. Conventional dc-dc step down converters are unable to provide very high step-down conversion ratio due to the inherent limitations imposed on power switches and rectifier diodes in turning on and off instantaneously. Transformers can be used to achieve a comparatively higher step down ratio but the usage of transformers to yield this purpose results in lower efficiency of the transformer and also the operation is not very economical. In order to overcome this problem more efficient transformerless converters can be considered as a solution to obtain a high step-down ratio without compromising the economical operation. In this paper a hybrid buck converter formed by two inductors and two diodes is considered in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Critical values of circuit components are analytically determined and compared with conventional buck chopper. It has been observed that by employing the hybrid buck converter, smaller conversion ratio may be achieved in comparison with conventional buck converter in both DCM and continuous conduction mode (CCM) and a PI controller is employed to obtain better performance of the proposed hybrid converter. The simulation work is carried out using MATLAB-SIMULINK and the results are obtained.