Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of oxygen transition on community metabolism and nutrient cycling in a seasonally stratified anoxic estuary

Title of dissertation: THE EFFECTS OF OXYGEN TRANSITION ON COMMUNITY METABOLISM AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN A SEASONALLY STRATIFIED ANOXIC ESTUARY Dong-Yoon Lee, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Directed By: Research Professor Jeffrey C. Cornwell Marine Estuarine and Environmental Science Gradients of dissolved oxygen concentrations in seasonally stratified estuarine water columns directly influence microbial composition and metabolic pathways, resulting in annually recurring spatiotemporal chemical gradients of redox-active species. Understanding such microbial responses to variable geochemical conditions and elucidating the diversity of microbial processes are needed to comprehensively identify ecosystem functions. At first this study describes an investigation of the relationships between microbial processes and geochemical conditions. To assess the contribution of different biological redox processes on carbon and nitrogen cycles in the Chesapeake Bay, we used observational and experimental approaches as well as utilization of monitoring datasets to facilitate an assessment of ecosystem-level metabolism. Observations revealed a general positive association of community metabolism with strong gradients of redox-related variables and hydrodynamic characteristics, although geochemical and environmental conditions varied seasonally across oxic transitions and interannually across degrees of stratification. The most distinct evidence supporting the positive association were vertical distributions of community respiration with the highest average rates in the most stratified regions coincident with the depths of the steepest gradient of chemical compounds. Although organic matter availability may be enhanced due to hydrodynamically induced stability, our investigation of factors driving the pattern revealed that differential responses and metabolic strategies of microbial communities result in high respiration near oxyclines. Investigation of vertical profiles of redox-related variables also revealed that the coexistence of oxidants and reduced compounds further provides an optimal condition for other electron accepting processes, including chemoautotrophy and anoxygenic photoautotrophy. The strong interdependence between environmental conditions and variability in microbial metabolism also reflected in patterns of plankton assemblages. An ammonium mass-balance analysis revealed that increases in vertical ammonium dispersion during severe hypoxia cause a shift of plankton assemblages towards heterotrophy, subsequently supporting a deep secondary microbial food web in the vicinity of oxic/anoxic interface. Overall, results from this research indicate that the estimation of more accurate net ecosystem metabolism should take into consideration of the highly variable nature of community metabolism associated with both geochemical gradients and stratification. THE EFFECTS OF OXYGEN TRANSITION ON COMMUNITY METABOLISM AND NUTRIENT CYCLING IN A SEASONALLY STRATIFIED ANOXIC ESTUARY
Emergent behaviors of a robot team performing cooperative tasks

We investigate the problem of how to make a multi-robot system performing a cooperative task by inducing a set of emergent actions. We model the environment dynamics by considering some parameters that express the ability of each robot to perform its task. Thus, the members of a group of robots become aware of their ability to realize some tasks by simply computing some quality function Q of the configuration pattern of the environment. A role assignment schema allows roles to be swapped among the robots of the group in order to select the best behaviors able to perform the task cooperatively. We illustrate this approach by showing how two soccer robots were able to exchange a ball, during a real game, by combining the use of efficient collision avoidance algorithms with role swapping triggered by the value of the above quality function Q.
Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States, 2008.

1.2 1.0 1.7 1.3 1.9 * 1.4 0.7 * 0.6 1.2 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 * 1.1 1.9 * 1.5 0.9 0.7 1.2 18.8 1.7 14.1 0.7 1 12.9 1.0 13 12.4 1.2 11.7 10.8 0.8 11.0 14.3 1.3 13.9 11.8 1.2 11.7 1. 9.2 0.7 9.0 0.7 10.0 1.0 10.1 1.2 12.7 1.2 11.4 1.3 13 9.0 1.0 9.2 1.1 9.6 2 1.3 12.7 1.4 13.8 8 15.4 0.9 15.2 1 7 1.0 9.1 1.3 2 9.9 1.3 8 1 1.2 1.4 1 49 59,925 8,979 57,555 ,421 19,890 57,783 35,316 20,538 58,155 37,335 21,977 58,865 37,773 22,425 59,369 37,913 22,561 59,506 39,923 23,100 57,861 41,195 23,330 56,6 39,750 23,355 58 39,479 23,221 2 63,6 26,160 64 ,530 26,691 41,259 26,89 40,898 27,0 40,207 2 38,789 39,79 39,8 39
Slow Food Nation: Why Our Food Should Be Good, Clean, and Fair

By now most of us are aware of the threats looming in the food world. The best-selling "Fast Food Nation" and other recent books have alerted us to such dangers as genetically modified organisms, food-borne diseases, and industrial farming. Now it is time for answers, and "Slow Food Nation" steps up to the challenge. Here the charismatic leader of the Slow Food movement, Carlo Petrini, outlines many different routes by which we may take back control of our food. The three central principles of the Slow Food plan are these: food must be sustainably produced in ways that are sensitive to the environment, those who produce the food must be fairly treated, and the food must be healthful and delicious. In his travels around the world as ambassador for Slow Food, Petrini has witnessed firsthand the many ways that native peoples are feeding themselves without making use of the harmful methods of the industrial complex. He relates the wisdom to be gleaned from local cultures in such varied places as Mongolia, Chiapas, Sri Lanka, and Puglia. Amidst our crisis, it is critical that Americans look for insight from other cultures around the world and begin to build a new and better way of eating in our communities here.
Lincoln Park shoreline erosion control project: Monitoring for surface substrate, infaunal bivalves and eelgrass, 1993

In 1988, the US Army Corps of Engineers and the City of Seattle placed material on the upper beach at Lincoln Park, in West Seattle, Washington. The fill served to mitigate shoreline erosion that had caused undercutting and collapse of the seawall in several places. A series of pre- and post-construction studies have been conducted to assess the impacts to marine biota of fill placement and movement of surface substrate. This study was designed to monitor infaunal bivalves and eelgrass from intertidal areas in and adjacent to the area of original fill placement. Findings from this survey were compared to previous survey results to determine (1) if recruitment of infaunal bivalves to the fill area has occurred, (2) if infaunal bivalve densities outside the fill area are stable, and (3) if eelgrass distribution and abundance have remained stable along the adjacent shoreline. To maximize comparability of findings from this survey with previous studies, sampling techniques, transects, and tidal elevations were consistent with previous studies at this site.
Beyond the contract type segmentation in Spain: country case studies on labour market segmentation

The current paper is one in the series of such country studies. It makes an important contribution to the discussion on contractual segmentation of labour markets, providing an overview of the institutional setup as well as empirical evidence on the extent of segmentation and its implications for various aspects of job quality. The paper also offers a policy perspective on the ways to alleviate the negative consequences of segmentation.
MULTISCALE FLOW SIMULATIONS USING PARTICLES

▪ Abstract Flow simulations are one of the archetypal multiscale problems. Simulations of turbulent and unsteady separated flows have to resolve a multitude of interacting scales, whereas molecular phenomena determine the structure of shocks and the validity of the no-slip boundary condition. Particle simulations of continuum and molecular phenomena can be formulated by following the motion of interacting particles that carry the physical properties of the flow. In this article we review Lagrangian, multiresolution, particle methods such as vortex methods and smooth particle hydrodynamics for the simulation of continuous flows and molecular dynamics for the simulation of flows at the atomistic scale. We review hybrid molecular-continuum simulations with an emphasis on the computational aspects of the problem. We identify the common computational characteristics of particle methods and discuss their properties that enable the formulation of a systematic framework for multiscale flow simulations.
Feeding systems for beef cattle.

s and Reviews Series B 57, 507–523. Agricultural and Food Research Council (1993) Energy and Protein Requirements of Ruminants. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Ainslie, S.J., Fox, D.G. , Perry, T.C. , Ketchen, D.J. and Barry, M.C. (1993) Predicting amino acid adequacy of diets fed to lightweight Holstein steers. Journal of Animal Science 71, 1312–1319. Baldwin, R.L. and Baldwin, R.L. , VI (1995) Biology and algebraic models of growth. In: Baldwin, R.L. (ed.), Modeling Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. Chapman & Hall, London, pp. 247–266. Beauchemin, K.A. (1991) Ingestion and mastication of feed by dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 7, 439–463. Berthiaume, R. , Buchanan-Smith, J.G. , Allen, O.B. and Viera, D.M. (1996) Prediction of liveweight gain by growing cattle fed silages of contrasting digestibility, supplemented with or without barley. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 76, 113–119. Clark, J.H. , Klusmeyer, T.H. and Cameron, M.R. (1992) Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 2304–2323. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (1990) Feeding Standards for Australian Livestock. Ruminants. CSIRO Publications, East Melbourne, Australia. Ferrell, C.E. , Garrett, W.N. and Hinman, N. (1976) Growth, development and composition of the udder and gravid uterus of beef heifers during pregnancy. Journal of Animal Science 42, 1477–1489. Ferrell, C.E. and Jenkins, T.G. (1987) Influence of biological type on energy requirements. In: Proceedings of the Grazing Livestock Nutrition Conference. Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma,
Co-worker Mistreatment in a Singaporean Chinese Firm: The Roles of Third Party Embeddedness and Network Closure

This study integrates research on social networks and interpersonal counterproductive behaviours to examine the role of third party relationships in predicting an individual's susceptibility to co-worker mistreatment, and in moderating the relationship between co-worker mistreatment and job performance. Third party embeddedness and network closure are examined in the formal workflow network and the informal liking network. Results obtained from employees in a family-owned Chinese business in Singapore indicate that an individual is more likely to be mistreated by a co-worker when both parties are strongly embedded in mutual third party relationships in the workflow network, and that the individual is less likely to be mistreated when both parties are strongly embedded in the liking network. At the individual network level, network closure (i.e., the extent to which an individual's contacts are themselves connected to one another) in the workflow network increases the likelihood that a co-worker will mistreat the individual, but closure in the liking network weakens the negative relationship between mistreatment and performance. The findings offer a network-based perspective to understanding interpersonal mistreatment and counterproductive work behaviours, particularly in the context of Confucian Asian firms, and provide practical implications for organizations and individuals to reduce counterproductive behaviours at work.
Documenting the individual- and household-level cost of unsafe abortion in Uganda.

CONTEXT Although Uganda has a restrictive abortion law, illegal abortions performed under dangerous conditions are common. Data are lacking, however, on the economic impact of postabortion complications on women and their households. METHODS Data from a 2011-2012 survey of 1,338 women who received postabortion care at 27 Ugandan health facilities were used to assess the economic consequences of unsafe abortion and subsequent treatment. Information was obtained on treatment costs and on the impact of abortion complications on children in the household, on the productivity of the respondent and other household members, and on changes in their economic circumstances. RESULTS Most women reported that their unsafe abortion had had one or more adverse effects, including loss of productivity (73%), negative consequences for their children (60%) and deterioration in economic circumstances (34%). Women who had spent one or more nights in a facility receiving postabortion care were more likely than those who had not needed an overnight stay to experience these three consequences (odds ratios, 1.6-2.8), and women who had incurred higher postabortion care expenses were more likely than those with lower expenses to report deterioration in economic circumstances (1.6). Wealthier women were less likely than the poorest women to report that their children had suffered negative consequences (0.4-0.5). CONCLUSIONS The impact of complications of unsafe abortion and the expense of treating them are substantial for Ugandan women and their households. Strategies to reduce the number of unsafe procedures, such as by expanding access to contraceptives to prevent unintended pregnancies, are urgently needed.
Childhood Development: How the Fine and Performing Arts Enhance Neurological, Social, and Academic Traits

Childhood development has always been a major topic when studying psychology and biology. This makes sense because the brain develops from the time a child is conceived to the time that child has reached around the age of twenty-seven. Doctors, psychologists, and sociologists look at numerous things when studying childhood development. However, how common is it for researchers to study how the fine and performing arts affect childhood development? Sociologists tend to be extremely open and mindful of all aspects of things such as culture, sexuality, religion, and even age. By taking a sociological standpoint when studying the arts and studying childhood development, society is able to make connections between the two that leads to better understanding of a child's development socially, mentally, and academically.
Prevalence of Salmonella spp in some environmental samples from some households engaged in livestock farming in some parts of Zaria, Nigeria.

Salmonella outbreaks from contaminated water and non animal foods (e.g. produce) are increasingly reported. To address the environment as a potential source of pathogenic Salmonella , the prevalence of Salmonella in households engaged in livestock farming in Zaria, Kaduna State (Nigeria) was investigated. A total of 336 environmental samples comprising water, soil, manure and vegetable samples were collected from thirty households with livestock while three households without livestock were used as control. Sampling was done from March to September 2006 covering both wet and dry seasons. Seven Salmonella spp were obtained: 1(0.65%) during the dry season and 6(3.28%) during the wet season. Salmonella spp were detected from manure, water and vegetable samples. A prevalence rate of 2.08% was obtained for Salmonella spp in the study location. The rate of detection was higher in the wet season than in the dry season. The detection of this pathogen from the environment represents a potential health risk factor since man is always in continuous interaction with the environment. This work examines the role of livestock and its effluents as point source of Salmonella .
Repensar a Sinaloa como Estado emergente de migración mexicana = Rethinking State emerging as a Sinaloa mexican migration = Repensar a Sinaloa como Estado emergente de migração mexicana

Objetivo: abordar los diferentes estudios elaborados para el analisis de la migracioninternacional sinaloense hacia Estados Unidos. Este ejercicio contextualiza la importanciaque tiene Sinaloa en el actual mapa migratorio mexicano hacia la Union Americana.Metodologia: se realizo mediante la metodologia de investigacion documentala partir de encuestas nacionales que abarcan dicha region y de diversos estudios decaso que se han adelantado. Resultados: se encuentra que Sinaloa ha participado directamenteen la migracion tanto internacional como interestatal, donde ademas, sepresentan los aportes de diferentes trabajos de estudios de caso, en los cuales se reformulany adecuan conceptos y unidades de analisis sobre este proceso social del Estadodel noroeste de Mexico. Conclusiones: los factores economicos, culturales y socialesintervienen en el exodo, donde sus componentes han variado en su composicion, suduracion y en la conformacion de sus redes sociales.
The 2004 Parkfield Earthquake and the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment

The 28 September 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake, a long-anticipated event on the San Andreas fault, is the world’s best recorded earthquake to date, with state-of-the-art data obtained from geologic, geodetic, seismic, magnetic, and electrical field networks. This has allowed the preearthquake and postearthquake states of the San Andreas fault in this region to be analyzed in detail. Analyses of these data provide views into the San Andreas fault that show a complex geologic history, fault geometry, rheology, and response of the nearby region to the earthquake- induced ground movement. Although aspects of San Andreas fault zone behavior in the Parkfield region can be modeled simply over geological time frames, the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment and the 2004 Parkfield earthquake indicate that predicting the fine details of future earthquakes is still a challenge. Instead of a deterministic approach, forecasting future damaging behavior, such as that caused by strong ground motions, will likely continue to require probabilistic methods. However, the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment and the 2004 Parkfield earthquake have provided ample data to understand most of what did occur in 2004, culminating in significant scientific advances.
SAMPLE CURATION AT A LUNAR OUTPOST.

The six Apollo surface missions re-turned 2,196 individual rock and soil samples, with a total mass of 381.6 kg [1]. Samples were collected based on visual examination by the astronauts and con-sultation with geologists in the science “back room” in Houston. The samples were photographed during col-lection, packaged in uniquely-identified containers, and transported to the Lunar Module. All samples collected on the Moon were returned to Earth. NASA’s upcoming return to the Moon will be dif-ferent. Astronauts will have extended stays at an out-post and will collect more samples than they will re-turn. They will need curation and analysis facilities on the Moon in order to carefully select samples for return to Earth.
Gentrification: Deliberate Displacement, or Natural Social Movement?

Gentrification is the process of physically renovating the housing and retail in a neighborhood in order to increase property values, establish high profile restaurants and shops, and attract an influx of wealthier residents. In this literature review I will explore the benefits and costs of gentrification. Section II explores research emphasizing the positive characteristics of gentrification, while Section III reviews literature discussing the negative effects of gentrifying a neighborhood. The final section summarizes the material and addresses areas for further study. This article is available in The Park Place Economist: http://digitalcommons.iwu. edu/parkplace/vol15/iss1/12 42 The Park Place Economist, Volume XV
Gentrification: Culture and Capital in the Urban Core

Gentrification, the conversion of socially marginal and working-class areas of the central city to middle-class residential use, reflects a movement, that began in the 1960s, of private-market investment capital into downtown districts of major urban centers. Related to a shift in corporate investment and a corresponding expansion of the urban service economy, gentrification was seen more immediately in architectural restoration of deteriorating housing and the clustering of new cultural amenities in the urban core. Research on gentrification initially concentrated on documenting its extent, tracing it as a process of neighborhood change, and speculating on its consequences for reversing trends of suburbanization and inner-city decline. But a cumulation of 10 years of research findings suggests, instead, that it results in a geographical reshuffling, among neighborhoods and metropolitan areas, of professional, managerial, and technical employees who work in corporate, government, and business services. Ha.
Observations on the whales Balaenoptera edeni, B. musculus and Megaptera novaeangliae washed ashore along the Indian Coast with a note on their osteology

The Baleen whales Balaenoptera edeni, Balaenoptera musculus and the Megaptera novaeangliae were reported from the Indian Coast. The skull of a B. edeni washed ashore in Dhanuskodi Island in the Gulf of Mannar and that of Megaptera novaeangliae from the Malabar Coast were studied. The identity of B. edeni was confirmed based on the study of its nasal bones. Biological significance of the occurrence of whales washed ashore along the Indian Coast is also discussed.
EuroMed Energy Cooperation & the Mediterranean Solar Plan: A unique opportunity for a fresh start in a new era?

The Mediterranean Solar Plan (MSP), the Union for the Mediterranean's (UfM) flagship initiative, has faced the challenge of unfavourable investment conditions in most Southern Mediterranean countries and also, since 2011, sudden and historical political changes and tensions. The MSP objectives to reach 20 GW of solar capacity by 2020 and bring substantial economic and social benefits for those countries are at stake. This paper examines the conditions and options for a highly effective and coherent MSP through domestic energy reforms with the support of the EuroMed energy cooperation.