Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Features of Cyanine Dye J-Aggregates Formation on TiO2 Matrices

The features of pseudoisocyanine (PIC) dye aggregation in TiO2 matrices prepared by different methods are shown. For all cases, a broadening of the exciton bands was found typically with Stokes shifts increasing as a result of significant disorder degree. The difference between the dye adsorption on microcrystalline and nanocrystalline TiO2 matrices has been demonstrated. As another possibility to influence the e dye aggregation, the preparation of TiO2 matrices from differently charged TiO2 nanoparticles has been proposed
A 156pW Gate-Leakage Based Voltage/Current Reference for Low-Power IoT Systems

The paper presents a sub-nW gate-leakage based voltage and current reference in a single circuit whose reference values are scalable and doesn’t incorporate start-up circuits or resistors in the architecture. The power consumption of the proposed circuit increases by only 2.1x in the temperature range of -55°C to 100°C, unlike conventional voltage/current references where the power consumption increases exponentially w.r. t temperature. Implemented in 90nm technology, the proposed voltage reference (current reference) achieves post-trim typical accuracy of 22ppm/°C(58ppm/°C) and worst-case accuracy of 71ppm/°C(78ppm/°C). Excellent line sensitivities of 0.029%/V and 0.059%/V are observed for voltage and current reference respectively, in a supply range of 1V - 3V. Without any start-up circuit, the observed 99% settling times for voltage and current reference are 1.92ms and 2.526ms respectively. The area occupied by the total circuit is 0.0015mm2, while the power consumption is 156pW at typical corner, 27°C and 1V supply.
Indirect Detection of WIMP Dark Matter: a compact review

Indirect detection of dark matter particles, i.e. the detection of annihilation or decay products of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, has entered a pivotal phase as experiments reach sensitivities that probe the most interesting parameter space. This period is naturally accompanied by claims of detection. In this contribution I discuss and compare dierent probes (gamma-rays, neutrinos and charged cosmic rays) and review the status and prospects of constraints and recent detection claims.
Zeno and anti-Zeno effects on Dephasing

Quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects on pure dephasing are studied using exactly solvable microscopic models. The crossover between these two opposite effects is investigated. The case of a single two-level system undergoing dephasing is already different from the previously studied population decay problem, even without taking into account any back action from the environment. For many two-level systems interacting with a common environment, multiple transitions between Zeno and anti-Zeno regimes are predicted. Finally, if the system-environment coupling strength is not weak, we show that the nontrivial evolution of the environment between measurements can considerably alter the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects.
The contribution of spin torque to the spin Hall coefficient and spin motive force in a spin–orbit coupling system

We derive rigorously the relativistic angular momentum conservation equation by means of quantum electrodynamics. The novel nonrelativistic spin current and torque in the spin–orbit coupling system, up to the order of 1/c4, are exactly investigated using Foldy–Wouthuysen transformations. We find a perfect spin Hall coefficient including the contribution of the spin torque dipole. A novel spin motive force, analogous to the Lorentz force, is also obtained to help us understand the spin Hall effect.
Examination of experimental conditions for the production of proton-rich and neutron-rich hypernuclei

After the demonstration of the feasibility of hypernuclear spectroscopy with heavy-ion beams, the HypHI Collaboration will next focus on the study of proton- and neutron-rich hypernuclei. The use of a fragment separator for the production and separation of rare isotope beams is a crucial aspect to producing hypernuclei far from the stability line. Precise spectroscopy of exotic hypernuclei is planned to be carried out at the GSI and later at the FAIR facility with the FRS and Super-FRS fragment separators. A systematic study and an optimization analysis were performed in order to determine optimal experimental conditions for producing hypernuclei with high isospin. The optimal conditions are obtained based on theoretical models for the heavy-ion induced reaction and hypernuclei production. Experimental efficiencies for the production of exotic secondary beams were also taken into account via Monte Carlo simulations of the fragment separator. The developed methodology is presented to deduce the expected yields of $^8_\Lambda$Be and subsequently other proton-rich and neutron-rich hypernuclei.
Thermal Contact Resistance Across Nanoscale Silicon Dioxide and Silicon Interface

Silicon dioxide and silicon (SiO$_{2}$/Si) interface plays a very important role in semiconductor industry. However, at nanoscale, its interfacial thermal properties haven't been well understood so far. In this paper, we systematically study the interfacial thermal resistance (Kapitza resistance) of a heterojunction composed of amorphous silicon dioxide and crystalline silicon by using molecular dynamics simulations. Numerical results have shown that Kapitza resistance at SiO$_{2}$/Si interface depends on the interfacial coupling strength remarkably. In the weak interfacial coupling limit, Kapitza resistance depends on both the detailed interfacial structure and the length of the heterojunction, showing large fluctuation among different samples. In contrast, it is almost insensitive to the detailed interfacial structure or the length of the heterojunction in the strong interfacial coupling limit, giving rise to a nearly constant value around 0.9 $\times10^{-9}$ m$^{2}$KW$^{-1}$ at room temperature. Moreover, the temperature dependent Kapitza resistance in the strong interfacial coupling limit has also been examined. Our study provides useful guidance to the thermal management and heat dissipation across nanoscale SiO$_{2}$/Si interface, in particular for the design of silicon nanowire based nano electronics and photonics devices.
Theories of Dark Energy with Screening Mechanisms

Despite the overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark energy and dark matter, their underlying fundamental physics remains unknown. This review article explores the tantalizing possibility that the dark sector includes new light degrees of freedom that mediate long-range forces on cosmological scales. To ensure consistency with laboratory and solar system tests of gravity, some screening mechanism is necessary to "hide" these degrees of freedom locally. I will focus on two broad classes of screening theories, chameleons and symmetrons, which rely respectively on the scalar field acquiring a large mass or weak coupling in the presence of large ambient matter density.
Dark halos around neutron stars and gravitational waves

We find that models of MeV-GeV dark matter in which dark matter interacts strongly can be constrained by the observation of gravitational waves from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. Trace amounts of dark matter, either produced during the supernova or accreted later, can alter the structure of neutron stars (NS) and influence their tidal deformability. We focus on models of dark matter interacting by the exchange of light vector gauge bosons that couple to a conserved dark charge. In these models, dark matter accumulated in neutron stars can extend to large radii. Gravitational waves detected from the first observed BNS merger GW170817 places useful constraints on such not-so compact objects. Dark halos, if present, also predict a greater variability of neutron star tidal deformabilities than expected for ordinary neutron stars.
Flux Sensitivity Requirements for the Detection of Lyman Continuum Radiation Drop-ins from Star-forming Galaxies below Redshifts of 3

Flux estimates for ionizing radiation escaping from star-forming galaxies with characteristic UV luminosities ( ), derived from GALEX and the VIMOS-VLT Deep Survey, are presented as a function of redshift and assumed escape fraction. These estimates offer guidance to the design of instrumentation and observing strategies, be they spectroscopic or photometric, for attempting to detect LyC escaping star-forming galaxies for redshifts . Examples are given that relate the integrated escape fraction (feLyC) of ionizing photons, obtained by integrating over the entire extreme UV (EUV) bandpass, to the relative escape fraction (fe900) observed just shortward of the ionization edge at 911.8 Å as a function of H i, He i, and He ii column densities. We find that for , feLyC is significantly greater than fe900. Detection of LyC “drop-ins” in the rest-frame EUV will provide enhanced fidelity to determinations of the integrated fraction of ionizing photons feLyC that escape star-forming galaxies and contribute to the metagalactic ionizing background (MIB).
$\alpha$-cluster structure of $^{18}$O

Background: Clustering phenomena in $N \neq Z$ nuclei provide an opportunity to understand the interplay between cluster and nucleon degrees of freedom. Purpose:To study resonances in the $^{18}$O spectrum, populated in $^{14}$C+$\alpha$ elastic scattering. Method: The Thick Target Inverse Kinematics (TTIK) technique was used to measure the excitation function for the $^{14}$C+$\alpha$ elastic scattering. A 42 MeV $^{14}$C beam was used to populate states of excitation energy up to 14.9 MeV in $^{18}$O. The analysis was performed using a multi-level, multi-channel R-Matrix approach. Results: Detailed spectroscopic information, including spin-parities, partial $\alpha$- and neutron- decay widths and dimensionless reduced widths, was obtained for excited states in $^{18}$O between 8 and 14.9 MeV in excitation energy. Cluster-Nucleon Configuration Interaction Model calculations of the same quantities are performed and compared to the experimental results. Conclusions: Strong fragmentation of large $\alpha$-cluster strengths is observed in the spectrum of $^{18}$O making the $\alpha$-cluster structure of $^{18}$O quite different from the pattern of known quasi-rotational bands of alternating parity that are characteristic of $N=Z$, even-even nuclei like $^{16}$O and $^{20}$Ne.
On the sigma sigma term

We give some estimates for the light-quark mass dependence of the pole position of the sigma ($f_{0}(500)$) resonance in the complex energy plane, with the help of a chiral Lagrangian for the resonance field and some input from hadronic models constrained by Chiral Perturbation Theory and elastic unitarity. We also speculate on the fate of the sigma resonance when the quark masses become unphysically large.
Levitated electromechanics: all-electrical cooling of charged nano- and micro-particles

We show how charged levitated nano- and micro-particles can be cooled by interfacing them with an RLC circuit. All-electrical levitation and cooling is applicable to a wide range of particle sizes and materials, and will enable state-of-the-art force sensing within an electrically networked system. Exploring the cooling limits in the presence of realistic noise we find that the quantum regime of particle motion can be reached in cryogenic environments both for passive resistive cooling and for an active feedback scheme, paving the way to levitated quantum electromechanics.
EVIDENCE OF VARIATION OF THE ACCRETION FLOW GEOMETRY IN GRS 1915 + 105 FROM IXAE AND RXTE DATA

The Galactic microquasar GRS 1915 + 105 exhibits various types of light curves. There is, however, no understanding of when a certain type of light curve will be exhibited and only in a handful of cases, the transitions from one type to another have actually been observed. We study the detailed spectral properties in these cases to show that different classes have different ratio of the power-law photon and the blackbody photon. Since the power-law photons are from the Compton cloud, and the intensity of the power-law photon component depends on the degree of interception of the soft photons by the Compton cloud, we conclude that not only the accretion rate, but the accretion flow geometry must also change during a class transition.
INTERIOR STRUCTURE OF WATER PLANETS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THEIR DYNAMO SOURCE REGIONS

Recent discoveries of water-rich, sub-Neptunian- to Neptunian-massed exoplanets with short-period orbits present a new parameter space for the study of exoplanetary dynamos. We explore the geometry of the dynamo source region within this parameter space using 1D interior structure models. We model planets with four chemically distinct layers that consist of (1) an iron core, (2) a silicate layer, (3) an H2O layer, and (4) an H/He envelope. By varying the total planetary mass in the range of 1–19 M⊕, the mass fraction of the H/He envelope between 0.1% and 5.1%, and the equilibrium temperature between 100 K and 1000 K, a survey of the parameter space for potential dynamo source region geometries is conducted. We find that due to the nature of the phase diagram of water at pressure and temperature conditions of planetary interiors, two different dynamo source region geometries are obtainable. Specifically, we find that smaller planets, and planets with thicker H/He envelopes, are likely to be in the regime of a thick-shelled dynamo. Massive planets, and planets with thin H/He envelopes, are likely to be in the regime of a thin-shelled dynamo. Also, small variations of these parameters can produce large interior structure differences. This implies the potential to constrain these parameters based on observations of a planet's magnetic field signature.
A PANCHROMATIC STUDY OF BLAST COUNTERPARTS: TOTAL STAR FORMATION RATE, MORPHOLOGY, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FRACTION, AND STELLAR MASS

We carry out a multi-wavelength study of individual galaxies detected by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) and identified at other wavelengths, using data spanning the radio to the ultraviolet (UV). We develop a Monte Carlo method to account for flux boosting, source blending, and correlations among bands, which we use to derive deboosted far-infrared (FIR) luminosities for our sample. We estimate total star-formation rates (SFRs) for BLAST counterparts with z ⩽ 0.9 by combining their FIR and UV luminosities. Star formation is heavily obscured at LFIR ≳ 1011 L☉, z ≳ 0.5, but the contribution from unobscured starlight cannot be neglected at LFIR ≲ 1011 L☉, z ≲ 0.25. We assess that about 20% of the galaxies in our sample show indication of a type 1 active galactic nucleus, but their submillimeter emission is mainly due to star formation in the host galaxy. We compute stellar masses for a subset of 92 BLAST counterparts; these are relatively massive objects, with a median mass of ∼1011 M☉, which seem to link the 24 μm and Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) populations, in terms of both stellar mass and star formation activity. The bulk of the BLAST counterparts at z ≲ 1 appears to be run-of-the-mill star-forming galaxies, typically spiral in shape, with intermediate stellar masses and practically constant specific SFRs. On the other hand, the high-z tail of the BLAST counterparts significantly overlaps with the SCUBA population, in terms of both SFRs and stellar masses, with observed trends of specific SFR that support strong evolution and downsizing.
Cold galaxies

We use 350 mu angular diameter estimates from Planck to test the idea that some galaxies contain exceptionally cold (10-13 K) dust, since colder dust implies a lower surface brightness radiation field illuminating the dust, and hence a greater physical extent for a given luminosity. The galaxies identified from their spectral energy distributions as containing cold dust do indeed show the expected larger 350 mu diameters. For a few cold dust galaxies where Herschel data are available we are able to use submillimetre maps or surface brightness profiles to locate the cold dust, which as expected generally lies outside the optical galaxy.
Dietary constraints and strategies in the red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer), and their implications for conservation

DIETARY CONSTRAINTS AND STRATEGIES IN THE RED-BELLIED LEMUR (EULEMUR RUBRIVENTER) AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION Amanda Du Bour, M.A. Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University, 2018 Mitchell T. Irwin, Director Understanding the diet of the vulnerable red-bellied lemur (Eulemur rubriventer) is essential for preventing its extinction. Previous E. rubriventer research focused on populations in Ranomafana National Park, located in the southeast part of the island, making research in other forest locations a priority for the understanding of dietary breadth and constraints in this species. My research questions consider whether protein is the nutritional driver for foraging choices in E. rubriventer, how fiber influences cathemeral activity, and seasonal variability in day and night time dietary items. My research team and I identified the plant and animal species that composed a single female’s diet in the Ankadivory region, near Tsinjoarivo. A team of three to four people conducted daytime follows for 30 days during the lean season. For six of these days, three teams worked in shifts to cover the 24-hour cycle. Additionally, there were six 24-hour abundant season data collection days following the same procedure. Dietary food items were sampled for laboratory analysis. Analysis of plant samples for macronutrient content was used to quantify intake of available protein, non-protein energy (carbohydrates and fat), and fiber. The first hypothesis I tested, protein is the limiting macronutrient in E. rubriventer diets and it drives foraging choices, was not supported. The study subject was able to meet her daily requirements of protein in the lean season, and fat was the most constrained macronutrient between seasons. The second hypothesis I examined, fiber intake is a good predictor of cathemerality of E. rubriventer, was also not supported. Fiber was consumed all year at relatively constant amounts (NDF CV: lean season = 12.7 %, abundant season 9.2 %) and fiber consumption did not correlate with increased nighttime feeding. The third hypothesis I tested, nighttime diet composition differs from daytime diet composition, was supported. The E. rubriventer consumed dietary items higher in fiber during nocturnal feeding bouts (leaves in the lean season and flowers in the abundant season). This project provides information crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of food selection by E. rubriventer. The 24-hour diet information revealed that, for cathemeral animals such as E. rubriventer, only looking at daytime diet consumption can lead to an inaccurate diet profile. NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY DE KALB, ILLINOIS
Open quantum systems in noninertial frames

We study the effects of decoherence on the entanglement generated by the Unruh effect in noninertial frames by using phase flip, phase damping and depolarizing channels. It is shown that decoherence strongly influences the initial state entanglement. Entanglement sudden death can occur irrespective of the acceleration of the noninertial frame under the action of phase flip and phase damping channels. It is investigated that an early sudden death occurs for large acceleration under the depolarizing environment. Moreover, entanglement increases for a highly decohered phase flip channel.
Apollonio, Valentina; D’Autilia, Roberto; Scoppola, Benedetto; Scoppola, Elisabetta; Troiani, Alessio Criticality of measures on 2-d Ising configurations: from square to hexagonal graphs. (En-

On the space of Ising configurations on the 2-d square lattice, we consider a family of nonGibbsian measures introduced by using a pair Hamiltonian, depending on an additional inertial parameter q. These measures are related to the usual Gibbs measure on Z2 and turn out to be the marginal of the Gibbs measure of a suitable Ising model on the hexagonal lattice. The inertial parameter q tunes the geometry of the system. The critical behaviour and the decay of correlation functions of these measures are studied thanks to relation with the random cluster model. This measure turns out to be interesting also because it is the stationary measure of a class of probabilistic cellular automata (PCA). Such PCA can be used to obtain a fast sample of the Ising measures on 2-d lattices.
VLBI-Gaia offsets favor parsec-scale jet direction in active galactic nuclei

Context. The data release 1 (DR1) of milliarcsecond-scale accurate optical positions of stars and galaxies was recently published by the space mission Gaia . Aims. We study the offsets of highly accurate absolute radio (very long baseline interferometry, VLBI) and optical positions of active galactic nuclei (AGN) to see whether or not a signature of wavelength-dependent parsec-scale structure can be seen. Methods. We analyzed VLBI and Gaia positions and determined the direction of jets in 2957 AGNs from their VLBI images. Results. We find that there is a statistically significant excess of sources with VLBI-to- Gaia position offset in directions along and opposite to the jet. Offsets along the jet vary from 0 to tens of mas. Offsets in the opposite direction do not exceed 3 mas. Conclusions. The presense of strong, extended parsec-scale optical jet structures in many AGNs is required to explain all observed VLBI- Gaia offsets along the jet direction. The offsets in the opposite direction shorter than 1 mas can be explained either by a non-point-like VLBI jet structure or a “core-shift” effect due to synchrotron opacity.
Quasi-local holographic dualities in non-perturbative 3D quantum gravity

We present a line of research aimed at investigating holographic dualities in the context of three dimensional quantum gravity within finite bounded regions. The bulk quantum geometrodynamics is provided by the Ponzano–Regge state-sum model, which defines 3D quantum gravity as a discrete topological quantum field theory (TQFT). This formulation provides an explicit and detailed definition of the quantum boundary states, which allows a rich correspondence between quantum boundary conditions and boundary theories, thereby leading to holographic dualities between 3D quantum gravity and 2D statistical models as used in condensed matter. After presenting the general framework, we focus on the concrete example of the coherent twisted torus boundary, which allows for a direct comparison with other approaches to 3D/2D holography at asymptotic infinity. We conclude with the most interesting questions to pursue in this framework.
A parametrization of two-dimensional turbulence based on a maximum entropy production principle with a local conservation of energy

In the context of two-dimensional (2D) turbulence, we apply the maximum entropy production principle (MEPP) by enforcing a local conservation of energy. This leads to an equation for the vorticity distribution that conserves all the Casimirs, the energy, and that increases monotonically the mixing entropy (H-theorem). Furthermore, the equation for the coarse-grained vorticity dissipates monotonically all the generalized enstrophies. These equations may provide a parametrization of 2D turbulence. They do not generally relax towards the maximum entropy state. The vorticity current vanishes for any steady state of the 2D Euler equation. Interestingly, the equation for the coarse-grained vorticity obtained from the MEPP turns out to coincide, after some algebraic manipulations, with the one obtained with the anticipated vorticity method. This shows a connection between these two approaches when the conservation of energy is treated locally. Furthermore, the newly derived equation, which incorporates a diffusion term and a drift term, has a nice physical interpretation in terms of a selective decay principle. This sheds new light on both the MEPP and the anticipated vorticity method.