Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of genomic big data to analyze the genetic diversity and population structure of Korean domestic chickens

Abstract Genetic diversity analysis is crucial for maintaining and managing genetic resources. Several studies have examined the genetic diversity of Korean domestic chicken (KDC) populations using microsatellite markers, but it is difficult to capture the characteristics of the whole genome in this manner. Hence, this study analyzed the genetic diversity of several KDC populations using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data. We examined 935 birds from 21 KDC populations, including indigenous and adapted Korean native chicken (KNC), Hyunin and Jeju KDC, and Hanhyup commercial KDC populations. A total of 212,420 SNPs of 21 KDC populations were used for calculating genetic distances and fixation index, and for ADMIXTURE analysis. As a result of the analysis, the indigenous KNC groups were genetically closer and more fixed than the other groups. Furthermore, Hyunin and Jeju KDC were similar to the indigenous KNC. In comparison, adapted KNC and Hanhyup KDC populations derived from the same original species were genetically close to each other, but had different genetic structures from the others. In conclusion, this study suggests that continuous evaluation and management are required to prevent a loss of genetic diversity in each group. Basic genetic information is provided that can be used to improve breeds quickly by utilizing the various characteristics of native chickens.
Sphere decoding of space-time codes

We explore in this paper the lattice sphere packing representation of a multi-antenna system and the algebraic space-time (ST) codes. We apply the sphere decoding (SD) algorithm to the resulting lattice code. For the uncoded system, SD yields, with a small increase in complexity, a huge improvement over the well-known V-BLAST detection algorithm. SD of algebraic ST codes exploits the full diversity of the coded multi-antenna system, and makes the proposed scheme very appealing to take advantage of the richness of the multi-antenna environment. The fact that the SD does not depend on the constellation size, gives rise to systems with very high spectral efficiency, maximum likelihood (ML) performance, and low decoding complexity.
Determination of optical coefficients of biological tissue from a single integrating-sphere

The detection of interactions between light and tissue can be used to characterize the optical properties of the tissue. The development is described of a method that determines optical coefficients of biological tissue from a single optical reflectance spectrum measured with an integrating-sphere. The experimental system incorporated a DH-2000 deuterium tungsten halogen light source, a USB4000-VIS-NIR miniature fiber optic spectrometer and an integrating-sphere. Fat emulsion and ink were used to mimic the scattering and absorbing properties of tissue in the tested sample. The measured optical reflectance spectrums with different scattering and absorbing properties were used to train a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Then the neural network (BPNN) was used to determine the optical coefficients of biological tissue from a single optical reflectance spectrum measured with an integrating-sphere. Tests on tissue-simulation phantoms showed the relative errors of this technique to be 7% for the reduced scattering coefficient and 15% for the absorption coefficients. The optical properties of human skin were also measured in vivo.
Anatomy of strong field ionization

Strong field ionization is a starting point for a rich set of physical phenomena associated with attosecond science. This paper provides an introductory overview of the basic theory of strong field ionization and focuses on (i) the physics and the dynamics of the electron transition to the continuum, and (ii) the shape of the electron wavepacket as it appears in the continuum.
Workspace, Void, and Volume Determination of the General 5DOF Manipulator

ABSTRACT Algorithms for identifying closed form surface patches on the boundary of five-degree of freedom (DOF) manipulator workspaces are developed and illustrated. Numerical algorithms for the determination of three- and four-DOF manipulator workspaces are available, but formulations for determining equations of surface patches bounding the workspace of five-DOF manipulators have not been presented. In this work, constant singular sets, in terms of generalized variables, are determined. When substituted into the constraint vector function, they yield hyper-entities that exist internal and external to the workspace envelope. The appearance of surfaces parametrized in three variables within the workspace pertaining to coupled singular behavior is also addressed Previous results pertaining to bifurcation points that were unexplained are now addressed and clarified.Examples illustrating results obtained are presented.
Indeterminate bifurcational phenomena in hardening systems

Indeterminate bifurcations are emerging as an important ingredient of nonlinear dissipating dynamical systems. In this paper we show that indeterminate bifurcations with an unpredictable outcome are a typical ingredient of nonlinear hardening systems. Such phenomena are clearly important concepts in the theory of nonlinear resonance and their discovery complements the earlier work carried out on softening systems. As an illustrative example we examine the dynamics of a parametrically excited hardening system and show that when the trivial solution is located on a highly intertwined basin boundary, its loss of stability gives a dynamic jump whose outcome is indeterminate in the sense that we cannot predict on to which coexisting attractor the system will settle.
Fuzziness and Probability

probability and fuzzy logic has been discussed. One of the obvious similarities is that both are dealing with uncertainty. The theory of probability was developed originally from the calculation involved in gambling, where the outcome of the combination of dice or cards was uncertain. It has been pointed out sometimes that uncertainty cannot be the object of math ematics nor the exact sciences in general. A well known example of this kind of objection is the calculation of the probability of the existence of animals on a planet. If you consider the probability of the existence of a dog on that planet, as we have no knowledge of the existence of a dog on that planet(1), following the rule of calculation of probability of an object about which we have no knowledge, the probability should be one half. In the same way, if we calculate the probabilities of, say, ten other different animals, following the same rule of calculation, the probability for the existence of each animal should be one half. Again following the rule of calculation, we get the joint probability that the existence of any kind of animal on that planet should be one minus the product of the probabilities of existence of each animal, namely almost one. It means that it is almost sure that some kind of animal does exist on that planet. This is totally absurd.
Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Hydroxy-Ethyl Methacrylate and Poly(4-vinylpyridine)/Polybetaines, as Supports for Sorption and Release of Tetracycline

Semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPN) represent a type of polymeric material that has gained increasing amount of interest for their potential biomedical application. This study presents the synthesis, characterization and tetracycline loading/release capacities of semi-IPNs based on hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) or poly (1-vinyl-4-(1-carboxymethyl) pyridinium betaine) (P4VPB-1) and poly (1-vinyl-4-(2-carboxyethyl) pyridinium betaine) (P4VPB-2). The optimization of the semi-IPNs synthesis was achieved by studying the influence of reaction parameters (chemical structure of the cross-linking agent, HEMA:crosslinker ratio, HEMA:linear polymers ratio and the type of solvent of the linear polymers) on the yield of obtaining semi-IPNs and swelling capacity of these systems. Fourier-transform infrared analysis and scanning electron microscopy highlighted the chemical structures and morphologies of the semi-IPNs. The higher swelling capacity was observed in the case of the PHEMA/P4VPB-2 network due to the increased hydrophilicity of P4VPB-2 compared with P4VP and P4VPB-1 polymers. In vitro release studies of tetracycline reveal that the release mechanism is represented by non-Fickian diffusion being controlled by both diffusion and swelling processes. The antimicrobial activity of semi-IPN–tetracycline systems was tested against E. coli and S. aureus, demonstrating that tetracycline is released from the semi-IPN and retains its bactericidal activity. An increased value of the inhibition zone diameter compared with that of tetracycline indicates the possibility that the semi-IPN containing P4VPB-2 also exhibits intrinsic antimicrobial activity due to the presence of the polybetaine in the network structure.
A Novel Decoupled Model Predictive Control-Based Motion Cueing Algorithm for Driving Simulators

The motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is used to reproduce the driving/flying motion sensation of the real land or air vehicles for the users of motion simulator. Highly accurate MCAs are required for the motion simulators to create realistic sensation for the simulator users, otherwise, they might cause motion sickness and user discomfort. Model predictive control (MPC) is a popular technique in development of the high-fidelity MCAs as it is able to consider the motion sensation as well as the workspace constraints of the simulator platform. Tilt coordination in MCA is in charge of creating sustained linear acceleration feeling through tilting the platform cabin and exploiting gravitational acceleration under human motion threshold, to not allow the user to perceive this as a rotational motion. However, the existing MPC-based MCAs have not considered the rate limit to constrain the tilt motion under human threshold which causes violations of the rotational sensation threshold during generating sustained acceleration feeling. Instead, some researchers increase the penalty weights of rotational motions in order to slow down rotational motions. Using this strategy slows down all the simulator rotational motions not only the ones coming from tilt coordination, to generate sustained acceleration feeling, but also from rotational channel (due to real vehicle rotation) which causes motion sensation error and consequently motion sickness. Therefore, as the existing MPC-based MCAs cannot differentiate the rotations of tilt coordination channel (due to sustained acceleration feeling generation), from rotational channel (due to vehicle rotational motions), they are not able to produce accurate rotational motion sensations because of insufficient rotational motions. In this research, a novel decoupled MPC-based MCA is developed to systematically address the issues related to the existing MPC-based MCAs, in terms of inaccurate motion generation, by redesigning the MPC-based MCA using a series of vestibular system-based MPC models and considering tilt rate limit in tilt coordination. The simulation study using MATLAB software is used to verify and validate the proposed MCA compared to the existing MCAs. The proposed decoupled MPC-based MCA is able to generate accurate motion cues compared to those of the existing MCAs.
Isospectral flows and linear programming

Abstract Brockett has studied the isospectral flow Ḣ = [H, [H, N]], with [A, B] = AB ∔ BA, on spaces of real symmetric matrices. The flow diagonalises real symmetric matrices and can be used to solve linear programming problems with compact convex constraints. We show that the flow converges exponentially fast to the optimal solution of the programming problem and we give explicit estimates for the time needed by the flow to approach an ε-neighbourhood of the optimum. An interior point algorithm for the standard simplex is analysed in detail and a comparison is made with a continuous time version of Karmarkar algorithm.
SceneHGN: Hierarchical Graph Networks for 3D Indoor Scene Generation With Fine-Grained Geometry

3D indoor scenes are widely used in computer graphics, with applications ranging from interior design to gaming to virtual and augmented reality. They also contain rich information, including room layout, as well as furniture type, geometry, and placement. High-quality 3D indoor scenes are highly demanded while it requires expertise and is time-consuming to design high-quality 3D indoor scenes manually. Existing research only addresses partial problems: some works learn to generate room layout, and other works focus on generating detailed structure and geometry of individual furniture objects. However, these partial steps are related and should be addressed together for optimal synthesis. We propose SceneHGN, a hierarchical graph network for 3D indoor scenes that takes into account the full hierarchy from the room level to the object level, then finally to the object part level. Therefore for the first time, our method is able to directly generate plausible 3D room content, including furniture objects with fine-grained geometry, and their layout. To address the challenge, we introduce functional regions as intermediate proxies between the room and object levels to make learning more manageable. To ensure plausibility, our graph-based representation incorporates both vertical edges connecting child nodes with parent nodes from different levels, and horizontal edges encoding relationships between nodes at the same level. Our generation network is a conditional recursive neural network (RvNN) based variational autoencoder (VAE) that learns to generate detailed content with fine-grained geometry for a room, given the room boundary as the condition. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method produces superior generation results, even when comparing results of partial steps with alternative methods that can only achieve these. We also demonstrate that our method is effective for various applications such as part-level room editing, room interpolation, and room generation by arbitrary room boundaries.
Interference-based speckle filter

Speckle noise is a random granular texture produced by mutual interference of a set of scattered wavefronts, so it is inherent to ultrasonic imaging. Depending on the phase of the wavefronts, the interference may be constructive or destructive. In this work, we developed an interference based speckle filter (ISF), whose first step is to attenuate the destructive interference, because it carries little information about the imaged structures. In order to do that, we considered, for each pixel, the maximum between the median and the original value. To eliminate the remaining bright speckles, we applied a median filter. The resulting image had minimized speckle effects. We have created two basic numeric phantoms, a linear array ultrasound and an intravascular ultrasound phantoms, and we have simulated 20 random initializations of speckle noise for each phantom. Then, we filtered the noisy images using several filters: ISF, median, Wiener, anisotropic diffusion and speckle reducing anisotropic diffusion (SRAD). To evaluate and compare their performances, we have calculated mean and standard deviation of a homogeneous region, square root mean error and structural similarity (SSIM) for each one. ISF presented an overall 0.91 rate for SSIM, while SRAD and Wiener filter performed SSIM 0.87 and 0.85 rates, respectively. This filter is easy to implement, because it requires only a sequence of three basic operations (Median, MaxValue and Median) and it is also easy to set the input parameters (the two radii of the median filters). Mostly important, it is able to smooth speckle effects without blurring edges.
Radiometric definitions for partially coherent sources

New generalizations of the basic radiometric concepts of radiance, radiant emittance, and radiant intensity to fields generated by a two-dimensional stationary partially coherent source are made. It is explicitly shown how they are related to the cross-spectral density of the source. Such new definitions are consistent with the postulates of traditional radiometry.
Passive and active flow control effects in the platoon and overtaking maneuvers

The current numerical study is dedicated to investigating the effect of passive, active, and combined flow control techniques on the performance of the vehicles in different maneuvers including, platoon and overtaking on critical highway velocity (70 miles per hour) for a reference bluff body vehicle called Ahmed body. The target passive flow control method is an innovative technique called Rear Linking Tunnels (RLTs), introduced previously by the group of authors. Studying the effect of the Single Dielectric Barrier Discharge Actuator (SDBD) as an active flow control method and its combined effect with RLTs on the drag and lift of controlled vehicles and surrounding vehicles in various maneuvers is one of the main aims of this research study.
cadmi-SYNTHESIS OF NANOCOMPOSITES REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE-SILVER NANOPARTICLES PREPARED BY HYDROTHERMAL TECHNIQUE USING SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE AS A REDUCTOR FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF PB IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

311). The Raman spectra of rGO/AgNPs exhibits D bands at 1334,13 with intensity of 630,60 cm − 1 and G band at 1594,61 with intensity of 477,29 cm − 1 . The ID/IG ratio rGO/AgNPs-NaBH4 is ~1,32. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity test results showed that the rGO/AgNPs nanocomposite was able to reduce Pb2+ to Pb with a maximum exposure time of 1.5 hours
Millisecond flash lamp annealing of shallow implanted layers in Ge

Shallow n+ layers in Ge are formed by phosphorus implantation and subsequent millisecond flash lamp annealing. Present investigations are focused on the dependence of P redistribution, diffusion and electrical activation on heat input into the sample and flash duration. In contrast to conventional annealing procedures an activation up to 6.5×1019 cm−3 is achieved without any dopant redistribution and noticeable diffusion. Present results suggest that independently of pretreatment the maximum activation should be obtained at a flash energy that corresponds to the onset of P diffusion. The deactivation of P is explained qualitatively by mass action analysis which takes into account the formation of phosphorus-vacancy clusters.
A location quantization algorithm for three-dimensional information display by using pure-phase computer-generated hologram

We propose an efficient calculation method to display three-dimensional information with purephase computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The object composed of points is conventionally divided into a set of planar segments vertically along with the axis. In this way, the number of planar segments is less than the number of points, which means that the total number of diffractions needed to calculate decreases. However, it is low efficient, for sometimes one planar segment only contains one point. We propose to quantize the locations of planar segments to solve this problem. The simplest way to quantize locations is to divide the object into the equal interval planar segments parallel with each other in the axis. The points out of these planar segments are projected to their nearest segments. Compared to traditional CGHs, the proposed method dramatically reduces the computing cost. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the location quantization algorithm.
Non-axisymmetric spherical interface dynamos

A fully three-dimensional, nonlinear, time-dependent spherical interface dynamo with a solar-like internal differential rotation and a single-cell meridional circulation is investigated. There are four regions in our interface dynamo model: a uniformly rotating core, a thin differentially rotating tachocline, a turbulent convection zone and a nearly insulating exterior. The different regions are coupled by the electric and magnetic matching conditions at the interfaces. For the first time, non-axisymmetric spherical nonlinear interface dynamos are found. When the magnetic Reynolds number based on the differential rotation is small or when the effect of the meridional circulation is substantial, we show that the spherical interface dynamos are non-axisymmetric even though the a-distribution, differential rotation and meridional circulation are all axisymmetric. Implication of the results for the solar dynamo is discussed.
Identifying the core components and items to measure health workers' cultural competence in the Ethiopian context

Background: Cultural competence (CC) is a crucial attribute in attaining quality healthcare service outcomes, mitigating malfunctioning practices, and improving patient satisfaction. Studies suggested comprehensive CC assessment requires appraising existing CC tools to measure health workers’ CC in the Ethiopian context. Selecting existing CC tools, identifying sub-constructs, pinpointing demographic characteristics, and evaluating items are the study objectives. Methods: 20 cultural competence tools of 20 to 83 items, 1-5 sub-constructs, and 4–10 Likert-Type rating options were identified, to be rated by eight experts in three groups. Consensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and test construction literature are used to develop raters rating codes to compute Inter-Raters Reliability (IRR). The first group of three experts was rated to decide the inclusion of CC tools, factors, and demographic information. The second group of three experts selected six CC tools and 65 items. Two experts in the third group further evaluated the selected items. Results: Reliability for the inclusion of CC tools, factors, and demographic variables were found to be 75%–87%, 50%–93%, and 50%–86% respectively. 13 items that violate test construction principles like absoluteness, endorsement, proneness to multiple interpretation, ambiguity and double barring were excluded. Cultural skill, cultural knowledge, and cultural awareness are the three most common sub-constructs. Cultural sensitivity, cultural desire, and cultural encounters are the least incorporated factors. Gender, age, language, department, patients encounter, education, and cultural diversity training are demographic variables to assess health workers’ CC. Conclusions: Items of CC instruments cover cognitive, affective, and skill domains as prominent dimensions of CC tools. The reviewed tools consist of items that violate test construction principles. To conduct CC assessment in the Ethiopian context, apart from refining and validating selected items, generating additional items is recommended.
Joint User, Channel, Modulation-Coding Selection, and RIS Configuration for Jamming Resistance in Multiuser OFDMA Systems

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can potentially combat jamming. It is non-trivial to perform holistic selections of users, data streams, and modulation-coding modes for all subchannels, and RIS configuration in a downlink multiuser OFDMA system under jamming attacks, because of a mixed-integer program nature and difficulties in acquiring the channel state information (CSI) of the channels to and from the RIS and from an uncooperative jammer. We propose a new deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach that learns through changes in the data rates of the users to reject jamming and maximize the sum rate. The key idea is to decouple the continuous RIS configuration from the discrete selections of users, data streams, subchannels, and modulation-coding modes. Another critical aspect is that we show the optimal selections almost surely follow a winner-takes-all strategy. Accordingly, the new DRL framework learns the RIS configuration with a twin-delayed deep deterministic policy gradient and takes the winner-takes-all strategy to evaluate the reward, thereby reducing the action space and accelerating learning. Simulations show the framework converges fast and fulfills the benefit of the RIS. With no need for the CSI of the channels to and from the RIS and from the jammer, the framework offers practical value.