Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Arrhythmias in Pregnancy

Cardiovascular disease significantly jeopardizes pregnancies in the United States, impacting 1% to 4% of pregnancies annually. Among complications, cardiac arrhythmias are prevalent, posing concerns for maternal and fetal health. The incidence of arrhythmias during pregnancy is rising, partly due to advances in congenital heart surgery and a growing population of women with structural heart disease. While most arrhythmias are benign, the increasing prevalence of more serious arrhythmias warrants a proactive approach. Guidance and reassurance suffice in many cases, but persistent symptoms require cautious use of antiarrhythmic drugs or other therapies for a safe outcome. Managing more serious arrhythmias requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving specialists, including maternal-fetal medicine physicians, cardiologists, electrophysiologists, and anesthesiologists.
Preferential Flow in a cultivated lower meso-scale catchment: observation, modelling and implications for solute transport

Preferential flow is of crucial importance for the water cycle, considering runoff generation and solute transport. Preferential flow can lead to a rapid bypass of the soil matrix by agrochemicals, with consequences for the receiving water bodies (groundwater and surface waters). In this work a new approach that represents preferential flow paths in a hydrological model in an explicit way was developed. Modelling of a performed irrigation experiment with this approach allowed a successful reproduction of water and conservative solute transport, while the modelling of reactive solute transport was limited. In addition, a series of field scale irrigation experiments were performed. A better understanding of different hydrological processes was achieved. The proportion of ‘old’ water in discharge, the rapid transport of reactive solutes without retardation and the remobilisation of stored pesticides were explained.
Neural correlates of bilateral proprioception and adaptation with training

Bilateral proprioception includes the ability to sense the position and motion of one hand relative to the other, without looking. This sensory ability allows us to perform daily activities seamlessly, and its impairment is observed in various neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and stroke. It can undergo experience-dependent plasticity, as seen in trained piano players. If its neural correlates were better understood, it would provide a useful assay and target for neurorehabilitation for people with impaired proprioception. We designed a non-invasive electroencephalography-based paradigm to assess the neural features relevant to proprioception, especially focusing on bilateral proprioception, i.e., assessing the limb distance from the body with the other limb. We compared it with a movement-only task, with and without the visibility of the target hand. Additionally, we explored proprioceptive accuracy during the tasks. We tested eleven Controls and nine Skilled musicians to assess whether sensorimotor event-related spectral perturbations in μ (8-12Hz) and low-β (12-18Hz) rhythms differ in people with musical instrument training, which intrinsically involves a bilateral proprioceptive component, or when new sensor modalities are added to the task. The Skilled group showed significantly reduced μ and low-β suppression in bilateral tasks compared to movement-only, a significative difference relative to Controls. This may be explained by reduced top-down control due to intensive training, despite this, proprioceptive errors were not smaller for this group. Target visibility significantly reduced proprioceptive error in Controls, while no change was observed in the Skilled group. During visual tasks, Controls exhibited significant μ and low-β power reversals, with significant differences relative to proprioceptive-only tasks compared to the Skilled group—possibly due to reduced uncertainty and top-down control. These results provide support for sensorimotor μ and low-β suppression as potential neuromarkers for assessing proprioceptive ability. The identification of these features is significant as they could be used to quantify altered proprioceptive neural processing in skill and movement disorders. This in turn can be useful as an assay for pre and post sensory-motor intervention research.
BetaBuddy: An automated end-to-end computer vision pipeline for analysis of calcium fluorescence dynamics in β-cells

Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is integral in maintaining the delicate equilibrium of blood glucose levels. Calcium is known to be a key regulator and triggers the release of insulin. This sub-cellular process can be monitored and tracked through live-cell imaging and subsequent cell segmentation, registration, tracking, and analysis of the calcium level in each cell. Current methods of analysis typically require the manual outlining of β-cells, involve multiple software packages, and necessitate multiple researchers—all of which tend to introduce biases. Utilizing deep learning algorithms, we have therefore created a pipeline to automatically segment and track thousands of cells, which greatly reduces the time required to gather and analyze a large number of sub-cellular images and improve accuracy. Tracking cells over a time-series image stack also allows researchers to isolate specific calcium spiking patterns and spatially identify those of interest, creating an efficient and user-friendly analysis tool. Using our automated pipeline, a previous dataset used to evaluate changes in calcium spiking activity in β-cells post-electric field stimulation was reanalyzed. Changes in spiking activity were found to be underestimated previously with manual segmentation. Moreover, the machine learning pipeline provides a powerful and rapid computational approach to examine, for example, how calcium signaling is regulated by intracellular interactions.
Cost-effectiveness of one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy in treatment for early-stage breast cancer patients with HER2+ in Vietnam

Background In Vietnam, trastuzumab is included in social health insurance’s benefits package with a reimbursement rate of 60%, but policymakers have been concerned about its cost-effectiveness. The research aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for early-stage breast cancer patients with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2+) from a societal perspective. Method A Markov model was developed and validated to estimate the lifetime cost and effectiveness (using life year and quality-adjusted life year) of one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy compared to chemotherapy (using paclitaxel) alone. Treatment efficacy and transition probabilities were estimated based on published trials (i.e., N9831, NSABP B-31, HERA, and BCIRG 006). Local cost and utility data were employed to capture the Vietnam context. One-way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, threshold, and scenario analysis were also performed. Results One-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy combined with chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone yielded an additional cost of 888,453,971VND (39,062 US$) with an additional 3.09 LYs and 1.61 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of 287,390,682 VND (12,635 US$) per LY gained, or 519,616,972 VND (22,845 US$) per QALY gained. The ICER exceeds the cost-effective threshold of 1- and 3-time GDP per capita by 6.3 and 2.1 times. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows similar results. According to one-way sensitivity analysis, ICERs were driven mainly by transition probabilities and trastuzumab price. One-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy would be cost-effective at the 3-time GDP per capita threshold if the cost of Herceptin 150mg and 450mg vials were reduced by 56% and 54%, correspondingly. Conclusion In Vietnam, one-year adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for early-stage breast cancer with HER2+ is not cost-effective. The research provided reliable and updated evidence to support policymakers in revising the health insurance benefit package. The policymakers should consider the options to reduce the cost of trastuzumab (e.g., regarding the use of trastuzumab biosimilars, price negotiation options, and options of optimizing the use of Herceptin vials among concurrent hospitalized breast cancer patients).
Early marine ecology of Pacific salmon: interactions with sea lice.

Supervisory Committee Dr. John D. Reynolds, Department of Biology; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University Co-Supervisor Dr. Barry W. Glickman, Department of Biology Co-Supervisor Dr. Steve J. Perlman, Department of Biology Departmental Member Dr. John P. Volpe, School of Environmental Studies Outside Member Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are key elements of ecological systems, and play an important role in the cultural foundation of human societies. All species of wild salmon face multiple, simultaneous threats, with habitat degradation likely playing a key role in survival. Open net-pen salmon farms can degrade important nursery marine habitat for wild juvenile salmon by disrupting natural salmonid host-parasite dynamics. The first two chapters in this thesis examine louse parasitism of wild juvenile chum (Oncorhynchus keta), pink (O. gorbuscha), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) in relation to their marine migration past salmon farms. I compare sites of low and high exposure to salmon farms, and include two areas without farms on British Columbia’s central and north coasts to assess baseline infection levels. Louse prevalence and abundance were lowest and most similar to natural baseline levels at low exposure sites, and highest at high exposure sites in all farm regions. A significantly greater proportion of the lice infecting juvenile chum and pink salmon were Lepeophtheirus salmonis at high exposure sites. Caligus clemensi was the principal louse species infecting all juveniles in iii
Endocrine islet β-cell subtypes with differential function are derived from biochemically distinct embryonic endocrine islet progenitors that are regulated by maternal nutrients

Endocrine islet b cells comprise heterogenous cell subsets. Yet when/how these subsets are produced and how stable they are remain unknown. Addressing these questions is important for preventing/curing diabetes, because lower numbers of b cells with better secretory function is a high risk of this disease. Using combinatorial cell lineage tracing, scRNA-seq, and DNA methylation analysis, we show here that embryonic islet progenitors with distinct gene expression and DNA methylation produce b-cell subtypes of different function and viability in adult mice. The subtype with better function is enriched for genes involved in vesicular production/trafficking, stress response, and Ca2+-secretion coupling, which further correspond to differential DNA methylation in putative enhancers of these genes. Maternal overnutrition, a major diabetes risk factor, reduces the proportion of endocrine progenitors of the b-cell subtype with better-function via deregulating DNA methyl transferase 3a. Intriguingly, the gene signature that defines mouse b-cell subtypes can reliably divide human cells into two sub-populations while the proportion of b cells with better-function is reduced in diabetic donors. The implication of these results is that modulating DNA methylation in islet progenitors using maternal food supplements can be explored to improve b-cell function in the prevention and therapy of diabetes.
CausNet-partial : ‘Partial Generational Orderings’ based search for optimal sparse Bayesian networks via dynamic programming with parent set constraints

Background: In our recent work, we developed a novel dynamic programming algorithm to find optimal Bayesian networks (BNs) with parent set constraints. This ‘generational orderings’ based dynamic programming search algorithm - CausNet - efficiently searches the space of possible BNs given the possible parent sets. The algorithm supports both continuous and categorical data, as well as continuous, binary and survival outcomes. In the present work, we develop a variant of CausNet - CausNet-partial - which searches the space of ‘partial generational orderings’, which further reduces the search space and is suited for finding smaller sparse optimal Bayesian networks; and can be applied to 1000s of variables. Results: We test this method both on synthetic and real data. Our algorithm performs better than three state-of-art algorithms that are currently used extensively to find optimal BNs. We apply it to simulated continuous data and also to a benchmark discrete Bayesian network ALARM, a Bayesian network designed to provide an alarm message system for patient monitoring. We first apply the original CausNet and then CausNet-partial varying the partial order from 5 to 2. CausNet-partial discovers small sparse networks with drastically reduced runtime as expected from theory. Conclusions: Our partial generational orderings based search for small optimal networks, is both an efficient and highly scalable approach for finding optimal sparse and small Bayesian Networks and can be applied to 1000s of variables. Using specifiable parameters - correlation, FDR cutoffs, in-degree, and partial order - one can increase or decrease the number of nodes and density of the networks. Availability of two scoring option - BIC and Bge - and implementation for survival outcomes and mixed data types makes our algorithm very suitable for many types of high dimensional data in a variety of fields.
TMH: Two-Tower Multi-Head Attention neural network for CTR prediction

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a term used to predict the probability of a user clicking on an ad or item and has become a popular research area in advertising. As the volume of Internet data increases, the labor costs of traditional feature engineering continue to rise. To reduce the dependence on feature interactions, this paper proposes a fusion model that combines explicit and implicit feature interactions, called the Two-Tower Multi-Head Attention Neural Network (TMH) approach. The model integrates multiple components such as multi-head attention, residual network, and deep neural networks into an end-to-end model that automatically obtains vector-level combinations of explicit and implicit features to predict click-through rates through higher-order explicit and implicit interactions. We evaluated the effectiveness of TMH in CTR prediction through numerous experiments using three real datasets. The results demonstrate that our proposed method not only outperforms existing prediction methods but also offers good interpretability.
Adaptation to seasonal reproduction and thermal minima-related factors 1 drives fine-scale divergence despite gene flow in Atlantic herring populations 2 3 4

27 High connectivity and low potential for local adaptation have been common assumptions for 28 most marine species, given their usual high fecundity and dispersal capabilities. Recent genomic 29 studies however, have disclosed unprecedented levels of population subdivision in what were 30 previously presumed to be panmictic or nearly panmictic species. Here we analyzed neutral and 31 adaptive genetic variation at the whole-genome level in Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) 32 spawning aggregations distributed across the reproductive range of the species in North America. 33 We uncovered fine-scale population structure at putatively adaptive loci, despite low genetic 34 differentiation at neutral loci. Our results revealed an intricate pattern of population subdivision 35 involving two overlapping axes of divergence: a temporal axis determined by seasonal 36 reproduction, and a spatial axis defined by a latitudinal cline establishing a steep north-south 37 genetic break. Genetic-environment association analyses indicated that winter sea-surface 38 temperature is the best predictor of the spatial structure observed. Thousands of outlier SNPs 39 distributed along specific parts of the genome spanning numerous candidate genes underlined 40 each pattern of differentiation, forming so-called “genomic regions or islands of divergence”. Our 41 results indicate that timing of reproduction and latitudinal spawning location are features under 42 disruptive selection leading to local adaptation in the herring. Our study highlights the 43 importance of preserving functional and neutral intraspecific diversity, and the utility of an 44 integrative seascape genomics approach for disentangling intricate patterns of intraspecific 45 diversity in highly dispersive and abundant marine species. 46 47
World Journal of Hepatology

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) plays a pivotal role in iron metabolism, particularly in the context of microbial infection resistance ( e.g. , viruses, bacteria, parasites, etc. ). LCN2 combats microbial infection by directly assisting the body in competing with microorganisms for iron, inducing immune cells to secrete various cytokines to enhance systemic immune responses, or recruiting neutrophils to infectious sites. The liver serves as the primary organ for LCN2 secretion during microbial infections. This review encapsulates recent advances in dynamic changes, clinical values, and the effects of LCN2 in infectious liver diseases caused by various microbial microorganisms.
Ergatic model of the zone of proximal development. Design and development

С татья посвящена уточнению содержания понятия «зона ближайшего развития» (ЗБР). Это фундаментальное понятие раскрывается в рамках эргатической модели субъекта трудовой и учебной деятельности. Исходным положением модели является утверждение о генетическом единстве структуры субъекта коллективной деятельности (эргасистемы) и субъекта – индивида. Сходство структур явилось следствием культурно-исторического развития homo sapiens, которое происходило в системе складывающихся отношений в процессе труда. Обобщенные функции в эргасистеме и соответствующие им позиции условно могут быть обозначены как «исполнитель», «руководитель», «идеолог» и «стратег». В работе утверждается, что и субъект учебной деятельности представлен посредством тех же базовых характеристик. На любом этапе обучения, педагог должен судить о необходимых педагогических воздействиях по тому, какая из субъектных позиций нуждается в совершенствовании. Используя инструментарий ЗБР, педагог направляет усилия на формирование общей зрелости субъекта учебной деятельности, открывая для учащегося новые возможности в обретении им умения учиться самостоятельно. С целью проверки высказанного предположения был использован метод обучающего эксперимента, в ходе которого учащиеся – студенты системы среднего профессионального образования, и школьники старших классов проходили обучение на курсах дополнительного образования в Малой академии МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова. Курсы дополнительного образования включали проектную или исследовательскую деятельность обучаемых, так что группы учащихся выступали одновременно как коллективный субъект и трудовой, и учебной деятельности. Первые результаты пилотной части проведенного эксперимента показали, что на пересечении субъектных пространств этих видов деятельности могут быть намечены границы ЗБР, в которой может осуществляться продуктивная совместная работа преподавателя и учащегося. Ключевые слова: зона ближайшего развития, скафолдинг, эргатическая модель трудовой и учебной деятельности, умение учиться, дополнительное образование школьников, субъект трудовой деятельности, субъект учебной деятельности.
L’interdisciplinarité en pratique : retour d’expérience de la deuxième école d’été australe sur la vulnérabilité du patrimoine récifal (EEA VulPaRe 2016)

En novembre 2016, s’est tenue à Toliara, dans le sud-ouest de Madagascar, la deuxième école d’été australe sur la vulnérabilité du patrimoine récifal (EEA VulPaRe). Coorganisée par l’IRD (Institut de recherche pour le développement, France) et l’IHSM (Institut halieutique et des sciences marines de l’Université de Toliara, Madagascar), cette formation a proposé une approche interdisciplinaire de la thématique des récifs coralliens. Elle a été dispensée sous la forme de cours magistraux, de pratiques de terrain et de débats portant sur les questions environnementales, de connaissance, de valorisation et de conservation de ces milieux. Les participants de l’EEA VulPaRe 2016 souhaitent, à travers le présent article, donner à la communauté scientifique un retour d’expérience critique sur une démarche originale de formation à la recherche interdisciplinaire.
Research progress on the mechanism of common inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis and development of lymphoma

Abstract In recent years, the incidence and mortality rates of lymphoma have gradually increased worldwide. Tumorigenesis and drug resistance are closely related to intracellular inflammatory pathways in lymphoma. Therefore, understanding the biological role of inflammatory pathways and their abnormal activation in relation to the development of lymphoma and their selective modulation may open new avenues for targeted therapy of lymphoma. The biological functions of inflammatory pathways are extensive, and they are central hubs for regulating inflammatory responses, immune responses, and the tumour immune microenvironment. However, limited studies have investigated the role of inflammatory pathways in lymphoma development. This review summarizes the relationship between abnormal activation of common inflammatory pathways and lymphoma development to identify precise and efficient targeted therapeutic options for patients with advanced, drug-resistant lymphoma.
Historical records and the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the East China Sea

ABSTRACT The coastal cities are the most advanced regions in China. In the past few decades, the environment changed very significantly due to large scale human activities in the coastal regions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three dated sediment cores from the west coast of the Yellow Sea (core A01), the Yangtze River estuary (YRE; core A02) and the Oujiang River estuary (ORE; core A03) were analyzed to reconstruct the environmental evolutionary process of the east China coastal region over the past century. In the three cores, PAHs concentrations were increased rapidly. Lower concentrations of PAHs were measured in core A02 than in cores A01 and A03. The vertical variation of PAHs in the YRE was dominated by the petrogenic sources. Historical records of PAHs in the ORE were controlled by pyrolytic sources. PAHs on the west coast of the Yellow Sea were contributed by the two sources.