Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular epidemiological studies on Borrelia burgdorferi in rodents collected in the forest area of several provinces and autonomous regions of China

To understand the prevalence and genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents collected in the forest area of several provinces and autonomous regions of China.The nested PCR was used to amplify 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.And the positive products were analysed by restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP). 455 rodents of 19 species were collected in the forest area of Daxinanling district,area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Weihe county of Heilongjiang province,Jinhua county and Tiantai county of Zhejiang province,Libo county of Guizhou province and Yili county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China.The specific fragments were amplified from 26 rodents of 8 species including Rattus confucianus,R.edwardsi,Apodemus sylvaticus,R.losea,A.agrarius,R.norvegicus,Clethrionomys rufocanus, Eutamias sibiricus.The overall infection rate of B.burgdorferi in these rodents was 5.68%. And the infection rates in Inner Mongolia autonomous region,Heilongjiang province,Zhejiang province and Guizhou province were 3.45%,4.84%,8.00%,7.14%,respectively.No infected rodent was found in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.RFLP analysis indicated that all of the positive rodents contained B.garinii genospecies in the forest area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang province,the positive rodents contained B.garinii genospecies and B.valaisiana genospecies in the forest area of Zhejiang province and Guizhou province.Moreover,B.garinii genospecies consists of B.garinii 20047 and B.garinii NT29 in the positive rodents from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Heilongjiang province and Zhejiang province.It is concluded that the infection rates of B.burgdorferi in rodents collected in the southern forest area are relatively higher than those of B.burgdorferi in rodents from the northeastern forest area.B.garinii is the predominant genospecies in the northeastern forest area and the forest area of Zhejiang province.C. rufocanus and R.confucianus probably serves as major reservoir hosts for B.burgdorferi in the northeastern forest area and the forest area of Zhejiang province,respectively.Further study is needed to confirm the major genotype and reservoir host in the forest area of Guizhou province.
Averting degradation of southern Ontario wetlands due to hydrologic alterations associated with development

Policy statements in Ontario express a desire to prevent degradation that threatens significant wetlands. Yet loss of wetland features and functions continues. Better approaches and tools need to be applied to support planning and management and reverse the trend of incremental wetland degradation. This paper synthesizes existing knowledge to: (1) suggest some requirements for demonstrating that activities will not have a negative impact on a wetland feature or its functions due to hydrologic alterations; and (2) expose some flaws in reasoning with respect to wetland hydrology that could lead to poor decisions. Studies to demonstrate “no negative impact” should be required to confirm the plausibility of the conceptual hydrologic model of the wetland and consider the full range of hydrologic alterations that may be ecologically relevant. Evidence-based arguments, with sound scientific underpinnings, are needed to show that there will be no hydrologic changes, that ecological functions are not sensitive to changes, or that changes can be controlled to prevent negative impact. Better collaboration between disciplines will help to avoid results based on faulty or incomplete knowledge.
Strange Metal to Insulator Transitions in the Lowest Landau Level

We study the microscopic model of electrons in the partially-filled lowest Landau level interacting via the Coulomb potential by the diagrammatic theory within the GW approximation. In a wide range of filling fractions and temperatures, we find a homogeneous non-Fermi liquid (nFL) state similar to that found in the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, with logarithmic corrections to the anomalous dimension. In addition, the phase diagram is qualitatively similiar to that of SYK: a first-order transition terminating at a critical end-point separates the nFL phase from a band insulator that corresponds to the fully-filled Landau level. This critical point, as well as that of the SYK model -- whose critical exponents we determine more precisely -- are shown to both belong to the Van der Waals universality class. The possibility of a charge density wave (CDW) instability is also investigated, and we find the homogeneous nFL state to extend down to the ground state for fillings $0.2 \lesssim \nu \lesssim 0.8$, while a CDW appears outside this range of fillings at sufficiently low temperatures. Our results suggest that the SYK-like nFL state should be a generic feature of the partially-filled lowest Landau level at intermediate temperatures.
Web3 Meets AI Marketplace: Exploring Opportunities, Analyzing Challenges, and Suggesting Solutions

Web3 and AI have been among the most discussed fields over the recent years, with substantial hype surrounding each field's potential to transform the world as we know it. However, as the hype settles, it's evident that neither AI nor Web3 can address all challenges independently. Consequently, the intersection of AI and Web3 is gaining increased attention, emerging as a new field with the potential to address the limitations of each. In this article, we will focus on the integration of web3 and the AI marketplace, where AI services and products can be provided in a decentralized manner (DeAI). A comprehensive review is provided by summarizing the opportunities and challenges on this topic. Additionally, we offer analyses and solutions to address these challenges. We've developed a framework that lets users pay with any kind of cryptocurrency to get AI services. Additionally, they can also enjoy AI services for free on our platform by simply locking up their assets temporarily in the protocol. This unique approach is a first in the industry. Before this, offering free AI services in the web3 community wasn't possible. Our solution opens up exciting opportunities for the AI marketplace in the web3 space to grow and be widely adopted.
Bacteriophages as Promising Agents for Biocontrol of Ralstonia solanacearum Causing Bacterial Wilt Disease

T O COMBAT the growing antibiotic and chemical resistance in bacterial phytopathogens like Ralstonia solanacearum , which causes bacterial wilt disease, bacteriophages are an efficient biocontrol technique and an environmentally benign therapy. This study reports the isolation and characterization of three phages, designated ɸRS1, ɸRS2, and ɸRS3, for their effectiveness against R. solanacearum EMCC 1274 in a bioassay using Solanum lycopersicum ( tomato) pots. It was discovered that the three isolated bacteriophages were viable and stable over a wide pH range (3.0–10.0) and at temperatures as high as 80°C. The phage ɸRS1 was measured using a transmission electron microscope to be approximately 291.84nm in size, with an icosahedral head (134.4nm) and tail, while also belonging to the Myoviridae family. The phage ɸRS2 is almost 232nm in size, with an icosahedral head (116nm) and a tail, and it belongs to the Myoviridae family, while the phage ɸRS3 is roughly 88.32 nm in size, with an icosahedral head (69.12nm) and a short, non-contractile tail, and it belongs to the Podoviridae family. In comparison to just pathogen-treated controls, plant bioassays demonstrated 91.3, 95.6 and 95.6% reversal of disease symptoms employing phages ɸRS1, ɸRS2, and ɸRS3 respectively. A biocontrol formulation for preventing the bacterial wilt disease caused by R. solanacearum appears to be developable using a combination of isolated bacteriophages (100% reversal in disease symptoms).
A Credit Risk Model Incorporating Microstructural Dependencies and Stochastic Recovery

A credit risk model for determining aggregated portfolio losses is suggested. Beside the common macrostructural dependencies between asset and recovery value, we incorporate possible inter-firm relations among the obligors of the portfolio. Through this channel we also establish related default probabilities and correlation between probability of default and loss given default. Proposing a recursive approximation we obtain explicit representations for the asset value. We compare the model with the IRB approach of Basel II with respect to the implied asset correlation and comparative statics of the conditional expected loss. Due to this analysis of the dynamics we realize that the regulatory framework neglects many important relations, e.g., among obligors and also between risk components. An adequate risk assessment is consequently not possible.
SERA: Sample Efficient Reward Augmentation in offline-to-online Reinforcement Learning

Offline-to-online RL can make full use of pre-collected offline datasets to initialize policies, resulting in higher sample efficiency and better performance compared to only using online algorithms alone for policy training. However, direct fine-tuning of the pre-trained policy tends to result in sub-optimal performance. A primary reason is that conservative offline RL methods diminish the agent's capability of exploration, thereby impacting online fine-tuning performance. To encourage agent's exploration during online fine-tuning and enhance the overall online fine-tuning performance, we propose a generalized reward augmentation method called Sample Efficient Reward Augmentation (SERA). Specifically, SERA encourages agent to explore by computing Q conditioned entropy as intrinsic reward. The advantage of SERA is that it can extensively utilize offline pre-trained Q to encourage agent uniformly coverage of state space while considering the imbalance between the distributions of high-value and low-value states. Additionally, SERA can be effortlessly plugged into various RL algorithms to improve online fine-tuning and ensure sustained asymptotic improvement. Moreover, extensive experimental results demonstrate that when conducting offline-to-online problems, SERA consistently and effectively enhances the performance of various offline algorithms.
Analyzing Lichen Indicator Data in the Forest Inventory and Analysis Program

principle of multiple use management of the Nation's forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the national forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). Cover Map by Kandis Elliot. Photos: left, lichen training attendee examining lichens on bark with a hand lens, photo by Scott Bates; right, large common greenshield lichen (Flavoparmelia caperata) on trunk of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) tree, photo by Marie Trest. Lichens are one of several forest health indicators sampled every year for a subset of plots on the permanent grid established by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service. This report reviews analysis procedures for standard FIA lichen indicator data. Analyses of lichen data contribute to state, regional, and national reports that evaluate spatial pattern and temporal trends in forest biodiversity, air quality, and climate. Data collection and management follow standard national protocols. A lichen species richness index (the number of species per FIA plot) is available for all areas soon after data collection. Air quality and climate indexes (for defined regional gradients and based on lichen species composition at plots) are developed from an FIA lichen gradient model. Critical steps in standard data analysis include screening plots to exclude biased data, selection of appropriate populations, then analysis, presentation , and interpretation of data. Analysis of ranked indexes is recommended as the default data option, to compensate for frequent failure of indexes to meet assumptions for parametric statistical tests. Analysis of variance is the recommended default tool for standard analysis of both spatial pattern and trends across time. Because plot density is low, dot maps are currently recommended for display. Lichen data from the Southeast Lichen Model Region illustrate all steps in standard analysis. Lichen indicator data can also contribute to analyses of regional issues that may include specialized or experimental …
NORTHERN TERRITORY

References: 1. Regitz-Zagrosek V, Roos-Hesselink JW, Bauersachs J, BlomströmLundqvist C, Cífková R, De Bonis M, Iung B, Johnson MR, Kintscher U, Kranke P, Lang IM, Morais J, Pieper PG, Presbitero P, Price S, Rosano GMC, Seeland U, Simoncini T, Swan L, Warnes CA; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2018 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(34):3165-241. 2. Sullivan EA, Vaughan G, Li Z, et al. The high prevalence and impact of rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy in First Nations populations in a high-income setting: a prospective cohort study. BJOG. 2020;127 (1):47-56. 3. Rogers P, Mansour D, Mattinson A, O’Sullivan JJ. A collaborative clinic between contraception and sexual health services and an adult congenital heart disease clinic. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care 2007;33 (1):17-21
THE ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATE AND MONEY SUPPLY AND THEIR IMPACT ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN IRAQ

This research aimed to measure and analyze the impact of exchange rate shocks on some variables of the Iraqi economy during (1990-2022), because of the different effects of these shocks on the macroeconomic variables represented in money supply and agricultural output. Exchange rates are related to the policy chosen by the Central Bank of Iraq in managing the foreign exchange market and in the rentier nature of the Iraqi economy. The research uses a quantitative method in estimating the levels of the impact of exchange rate shocks on some economic variables. Several methods are conducted to achieve the goals, including the VAR model, variance decomposition and Impulse Response Functions. The results showed that exchange rate variance reached 100% in the same variable in the first year and decrease to 97% at the end of the period, and the same in the impulse response. It was an internal reaction that predicts what can be called the self-wave of an exchange rate rise, while both the variation and the response to the money supply shock in Iraq were dependent on the policy of the Central Bank and compatible with what was happening in the exchange rate, as the analysis of variance in the first year reached 38.98% for the same variable and 61% of it is due to the exchange rate. The results also showed that agricultural output was weakly affected by the exchange rate shock and money supply.
Nitrogen: Highly Volatile yet Surprisingly Compatible

Nitrogen exhibits an intriguing combination of highly volatile behavior (particularly as N 2 ), appreciable reactivity, and surprising compatibility in the deep Earth. Nitrogen is incorporated into the biosphere and then, through diagenesis and low-grade metamorphism, is conveyed into the lithosphere and the deeper Earth. The investigation of N behavior in the biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere has led to many important discoveries regarding biogeochemical pathways, including in areas such as trophic interactions and anthropogenic impacts on terrestrial and marine environments (e.g. nutrient pollution, eutrophication). Nitrogen can act as an excellent tracer of the transfer of sedimentary/organic materials into and within deep-Earth reservoirs and shows great potential as a tracer of life on early Earth and elsewhere in the Solar System.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Quantifying the Burden of Rhodesiense Sleeping Sickness in Urambo District, Tanzania

Background: Human African trypanosomiasis is a severely neglected vector-borne disease that is always fatal if untreated. In Tanzania it is highly focalised and of major socio-economic and public health importance in affected communities. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the public health burden of rhodesiense HAT in terms of DALYs and financial costs in a highly disease endemic area of Tanzania using hospital records. MaterialsandMethods: Data was obtained from 143 patients admitted in 2004 for treatment for HAT at Kaliua Health Centre, Urambo District. The direct medical and other indirect costs incurred by individual patients and by the health services were calculated. DALYs were estimated using methods recommended by the Global Burden of Disease Project as well as those used in previous rhodesiense HAT estimates assuming HAT under reporting of 45%, a figure specific for Tanzania. Results: The DALY estimate for HAT in Urambo District with and without age-weighting were 215.7 (95% CI: 155.3–287.5) and 281.6 (95% CI: 209.1–362.6) respectively. When 45% under-reporting was included, the results were 622.5 (95% CI: 155.3–1098.9) and 978.9 (95% CI: 201.1–1870.8) respectively. The costs of treating 143 patients in terms of admission costs, diagnosis, hospitalization and sleeping sickness drugs were estimated at US $ 15,514, of which patients themselves paid US $ 3,673 and the health services US $ 11,841. The burden in terms of indirect non-medical costs for the 143 patients was estimated at US $ 9,781. Conclusions: This study shows that HAT imposes a considerable burden on affected rural communities in Tanzania and stresses the urgent need for location-and disease-specific burden estimates tailored to particular rural settings in countries like Tanzania where a considerable number of infectious diseases are prevalent and, due to their focal nature, are often concentrated in certain locations where they impose an especially high burden.
Tropical Foraminifera as indicators of water quality and temperature

Managing local water quality in coastal marine ecosystems is fundamental for the long-term protection of diversity and carbonate production, to maintain reef accretion. Although there are numerous indicators to measure the resilience and health of reef environments, the use of foraminifera is building momentum. Key mechanisms controlling productivity in benthic ecosystems can be assessed by investigating foraminiferal calcification and physiology in response to changing water quality (primarily nutrients) and temperature. Benthic foraminifera are among the most abundant protists in the shallow reef marine environment yet, even in low abundance, the ecological record they leave in the sediments is extremely useful for reconstructing past and present environmental conditions. This application can enable studies to pinpoint the duration and timing of long-term influence of eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems. This is largely due to their biology and sensitivity to environmental conditions, high taxonomic diversity (ca. 4,000 extant species) and relatively short life cycles (months to a year or more). However, altering ecological conditions influence species differently, so the community and physiological responses needs to be clearly identified. For example, the host-algae association is complex and typically photosymbiont-bearing marine organisms suffer adverse metabolic effects directly from sediment runoff, inorganic nutrient runoff, light and temperature. Therefore, validation is recommended when applying indices created in one region to another.
Kalman Filter based robust GNSS signal tracking algorithm in presence of ionospheric scintillations

Ionospheric scintillations are created by diffraction when the transmitted propagating waves encounter a medium made of irregular structures with variable refraction indexes. The recombination of the waves after propagation can be constructive or destructive and the resulting signal at output of the receiver antenna may present rapid variations of phase and amplitude. The carrier phase is traditionally tracked in the GNSS receivers using PLL, potentially aided by FLL. Phase Loops are known to be less robust than code tracking loops, and the GNSS receivers may thus suffer from phase tracking loss. This strongly impacts the positioning service availability, as well as the capability to demodulate the navigation message data, in situations where ionospheric scintillations affect the received signal. One thus has to implement innovative techniques and receiver architectures to provide robust carrier phase tracking. The aim of this paper is therefore to present the development of a GPS L1 phase tracking technique based on a Kalman Filter PLL [10] improving the tracking robustness in presence of ionospheric scintillations, and to present results of its performance using simulations. This paper is related to the paper presented at ION GNSS 2012 by C. Macabiau [1].
DIAGNOSIS OF WEST NILE VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS IN AN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED RETURNED TRAVELLER

Background: Legionnaires’ disease is an important, preventable cause of pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila accounts for the majority of Legionnaires’ disease cases in NSW; an average of 57 cases per year were notified from 2008 to 2017. This bacterium favours aquatic environments, and cooling towers in particular provide an optimal habitat for its growth and transmission. Cooling towers are used to provide air conditioning for large residential and commercial buildings. Cooling towers have been regulated in NSW since 1991, following a major Legionnaires’ disease outbreak in Wollongong in 1987.
Ais Giorkis: An unusual early Neolithic settlement in Cyprus

Abstract For over a century, archaeologists have been intrigued by the inception of food production and sedentary lifeways, the so-called “Neolithic Revolution. ” Research focused on the Near Eastern and Anatolian mainlands has documented some of the earliest Neolithic cultures known. The adjacent Mediterranean islands were generally believed to have been late recipients of Neolithic economies. Recent research challenges this by establishing both Late Epipalaeolithic and early Neolithic occupations on Cyprus. Ais Giorkis contributes to this revision. It is an early Neolithic site (ca. 7500 cal b.c.) in the uplands, unlike most contemporary sites, which are near the coast. Ais Giorkis is more complex than originally believed, containing unusual architecture, abundant and sophisticated artifacts, and some of the oldest directly dated domesticated plants in the Near East. It also has a faunal assemblage that includes small numbers of cattle bones, previously undocumented before the Bronze Age, but now shown to be present at three early Neolithic sites.
The Weakest Link : Managing Risk Through Interdependent Strategies

Networks increase interdependencies and this creates challenges for managing risks. This is especially apparent in areas such as security and enterprise risk management, where the actions of a single player in an interconnected network can wreak havoc on everyone in the network. The network, in this case, is only as strong as its weakest link. There are related problems in encouraging investments for prevention and protection, because the expected payoffs from such measures by one player are affected by the actions of other players in the network. In this chapter, Howard Kunreuther examines the challenges of interdependent security (IDS) and strategies for addressing these, including coordination with broader networks such as industry organizations and gov-