Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Clinical Biomarkers for Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a critical clinical issue and has been a treatment challenge today as it was in the past. However, the traditional biomarkers or indicators are insufficient to predict the risks and outcome of patients with DILI due to its poor specificity and sensitivity. Recently, the development of high-throughput technologies, especially omics and multiomics has sparked growing interests in identification of novel clinical DILI biomarkers, many of which also provide a mechanistic insight. Accordingly, in this minireview, we summarize recent advances in novel clinical biomarkers for DILI prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis and highlight the limitations or challenges involved in biomarker discovery or its clinical translation. Although huge work has been done, most reported biomarkers lack comprehensive information and more specific DILI biomarkers are still needed to complement the traditional biomarkers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) in clinical decision-making. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This current review outlines an overview of novel clinical biomarkers for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) identified in clinical retrospective or prospective clinical analysis. Many of these biomarkers provide a mechanistic insight and are promising to complement the traditional DILI biomarkers. This work also highlights the limitations or challenges involved in biomarker discovery or its clinical translation.
Subsonic unsteady aerodynamics caused by gusts using the indicial method

Indicial approximations are derived for the lift on an airfoil penetrating a stationary sharp-edge gust in two-dimension al subsonic flow. Using an assumed exponential form, the approximations have been generalized in terms of Mach number alone by means of an optimization algorithm where certain coefficients of the approximations are free parameters. The optimization is subject to prescribed constraints in terms of the initial and asymptotic behavior of the gust response, and by requiring the response closely match the known exact solutions given by subsonic linear theory at earlier values of time. An alternative approximation is obtained by using results from a direct numerical simulation of the gust problem using computational fluid dynamcs (CFD). For an airfoil-vortex interaction problem, comparisons were made with experimental data and CFD results. Finally, the indicial method was integrated into a three-dimensional rotor simulation, and the near- and far-field acoustics were computed using the Ffowcs WilliamsHawkins equation. Good agreement was found with simultaneously measured airloads and acoustics data.
Positioning and levitation media for the separation of biological cells

In response to the requirement for highly polarizable liquid media for electric-field mediated manipulation of microparticles, solutions of highly polar substances are characterised in terms of their permittivity and other characteristics. Requirements for dielectrophoretic levitation and the generalised electromanipulation of biological cells and other microparticles are considered. Examples of the positioning and separation of biological cells are given. Cell separations at the micro and macro scales, the latter using the recently-developed technique of lev-vection, are presented. Finally, growth and division of yeast cells during long-term exposure to the electric fields necessary for this type of separation is reported.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Migraine Almotriptan Loaded Ethosomes Using Box Behnken Design

One of the most common nervous system illnesses is headache disorders, which are characterized by chronic headaches. In Present investigation Almotriptan loaded Ethosomes were prepared by water phase addition method. The three independent factors including Phosphotidylcholine: Cholestrol: DSPE (6:3:1molar ratio), Surfactant concentration and sonication time. A factorial design 3*3(3 factor 3 level) was applied to prepare 17 formulation. Optimization of ethosomal preparation was carried out by applying Box Behnken response surface randomized factorial design following quadratic model using Design of Experiment (DOE) software version 11.04. 0. The factor Soya PC: Cholesterol: DSPE in molar ration (6:3:1), Concentration of Tween-80 and sonication time were selected as dependable process and formulation factors that can be effect formulation characteristics like entrapment efficiency, average vesicle size, Polydispersity Index (PDI). All other factors like sonication speed and rotation speed was kept constant All the formulation were prepared by simple solvent evaporation thin film formation method and characterized for the drug entrapment, average vesicle size and PDI, shape morphology. Formulations were optimized on the basis of responses such as average vesicle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency. All the characterized values of the responses were putted in the formulation design table and analyse to best fitted model for the design. It was observed that, quadaratic model is best fitted model for the design. The prepared ethosomes formulation can further incorporated in situ gel for effective treatment of migraine.
Rapid prototyping of metal parts by three-dimensional welding

Abstract Three-dimensional welding has the ability to produce strong, fully dense metal parts in layers. Adaptation of a weld cladding technique has enabled the production of parts wider than normally possible from single beads. However, high heat inputs during welding could affect part quality. Simple temperature control techniques help improve surface finish. A number of parts were made incorporating temperature control. Results show that, although improvements have been made, corresponding time penalties can have a significant influence on build time. Descriptions of the welding system and temperature control technique are included as well as the surface measurement and residual stress assessment techniques used. Results of temperature versus time, surface finish versus temperature and temperature versus residual stress are presented and discussed.
The Timeliness of the Reserved Service in the Cluster with the Regulation of the Time of Destruction of Overdue Requests in the Node Queues

With the increasing complexity of distributed control tasks based on their intellectualization, there are problems of insufficient time and computing resources for functioning in real time. In this regard, there is a need to develop methods for organizing distributed real-time computer systems, based on the consolidation of distributed computing resources with their integration into clusters. The possibilities of increasing the probability of timely servicing of waiting- critical requests in the cluster as a result of query replication and controlling the time of destruction of potentially expired replicas in node queues are investigated. The cluster is represented as a group of queuing systems with infinite queues with a limited average waiting time. The effectiveness of the reserved service of a real-time request is determined by the probability of executing at least one of the generated copies of the request in the maximum allowable time without losing it due to errors and waiting time limits in the queues of cluster nodes. It is shown that there is an optimal multiplicity of query replication with a significant influence of the choice of restrictions on the waiting time for requests in queues before they are destroyed.
Comparing the Antifungal Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Gel versus Different Types of Root Canal Medicaments at Different Time Intervals Using the Agar Diffusion Test: An In Vitro Study

Aims The purpose of this study was to compare the antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite gel to those of four intracanal medicaments at various time intervals. Materials and Methods The agar well diffusion technique was utilized to test the antifungal activity of the following medicaments against Candida albinans (C. albicans): sodium hypochlorite gel, chlorhexidine gel, calcium hydroxide paste, Ledermix, and Diapex Plus. The inhibition zone related to each medicine was measured in millimeter after 24, 48, and 72 hours of incubation at 37°C. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Games–Howell tests, at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results Except for Ledermix and Diapex Plus, which had no antifungal action, all of the medicaments showed varied inhibitory zones for C. albicans. At all periods, the NaOCl gel had the most significant inhibition zones, followed by the CHX gel and calcium hydroxide. At all time intervals, the NaOCl gel demonstrated comparable antifungal efficacy. When compared to a 24-hour time interval, the CHX gel showed an increased antifungal activity at the 48-hour and 72-hour intervals. Calcium hydroxide, on the other hand, showed a decrease in its antifungal activity at the 72-hour interval. Conclusion The antifungal activity of sodium hypochlorite gel was the highest among the investigated medicaments. Chlorhexidine gel's antifungal activity improved over time, whereas calcium hydroxide's antifungal activity declined. Diapex Plus and Ledermix did not have any antifungal properties.
High Sensitivity, Humidity-Independent Ethanol Gas Sensors Based on PFDS-ZnSnO₃ Hollow Microsphere

Breath analysis using gas sensors to detect disease-related exhaled breath for diagnosing human health has huge application potential. However, the humidity changing in both the surrounding environment and exhaled breath have great damage to the actual sensing results, so the humidity dependence of gas sensor is a major obstacle to breath analysis applications. Here, 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDS) is used to hydrophobic the prepared ZnSnO3 sensor to obtain a high sensitivity and humidity-independent ethanol sensor for breath analysis. The ethanol sensing characteristics of PFDS-treated sensors were studied under dry and high humidity (RH (relative humidity) = 80%) conditions. The response value of pure ZnSnO3 sensor to ethanol dropped from 33.7 to 3.2 as the condition change form dry to 80% RH. On the contrary, the response of the 3h PFDS-ZnSnO3 sensor to 100 ppm ethanol was 7.5 under 80% RH, which was basically the same as the response (7.3) under dry conditions, indicating the same sensing behavior under dry and humidity conditions without being affected by moisture. In addition, the PFDS-ZnSnO3 sensors ignore the interference of other volatile gases under dry and humid conditions, while maintaining excellent selectivity to ethanol. The humidity-independent properties are attributed to the fact that PFDS with low-energy groups make the sensor surface hydrophobic, thus the material resists the contact of water molecules with the sensor and competition with ethanol in the gas response. Therefore, regardless of humidity fluctuations, the sensor shows great practicability in detecting ethanol and could be used for medical breath analysis.
Development of a portable Raman spectrometer for medical diagnostics

This paper describes a self-contained, portable Raman instrument that has been developed for biomedical analyses. The instrument consists of a 785-nm diode laser for excitation, an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) for wavelength discrimination, and an avalanche photodiode for detection. The primary component of this system is the AOTF and it has been selected based on its spectral range along with its high resolution, approximately 7.5 cm-1. Software has been developed in-house in the programming language of C for controlling the instrument (i.e., the AOTF frequency, the signal acquisition, etc.). Evaluation of this instrument has been performed by analyzing several standard samples and comparing their spectra to spectra acquired using a conventional laboratory system. In addition to system evaluation, this paper will also discuss potential applications of this instrument to multiplexed genechip types of analyses.
Research on the Data Link Layer of Wireless Sensor Network in Coal Mine

With the extensive application of wireless sensor networks, low energy consumption of nodes is the most important consideration.The medium access control MAC protocol is an important technology that structures first floor foundation network architecture. In this article by comparing the domestic and foreign research results, current several kinds of quite typical MAC protocol is analyzed according to the energy saved aspect. According to the special environment of coal mine, we got a MAC protocol which was suitable to mine.
Research on coal gangue detection algorithm based on YOLOv4

In order to improve the accuracy of coal gangue detection, this paper proposes to use yolov4 algorithm to detect coal gangue. Through the training and detection experiments of coal gangue data set, it is found that the optimized yolov4 detection algorithm can accurately detect small coal gangue, high-carbon coal gangue, partially masked coal gangue and masked high-carbon coal gangue in different backgrounds, and has considerable real-time, which verifies the feasibility of yolov4 detection of coal gangue.
Broadband high-efficiency reflective metasurfaces for sub-diffraction focusing in the visible

Super-oscillation phenomenon provides an effective solution for realizing far-field non-invasive super-resolution imaging. However, most super-oscillatory lenses are challenging to balance the working bandwidth and working efficiency, which greatly limits the practical applications of super-oscillation lenses in optical systems. In this work, a broadband high-efficiency super-oscillatory metalens for sub-diffraction focusing about 0.75 times the diffraction limit based on the reflective metasurface is proposed for super-resolution imaging in the visible ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm. Moreover, another metalens with a sub-diffraction focusing spot equal to 0.6 times of the diffraction limit is also designed to prove the universal applicability of the proposed method. The proposed method provides an effective pathway for the development of microscopy, holography, and machine vision.
Accurate low power bandgap voltage reference in 0.5 [micro sign]m CMOS technology

In mixed level applications, accurate voltage references are difficult to realise due to the lack of lateral p-n-ps and the large offsets inherent to CMOS opamps. If low power is essential, the accuracy is mainly impaired by the increased offset of the opamps. It is shown that by using chopping techniques, the accuracy of a bandgap voltage reference can be improved by about ten times without laser trimming, with the added benefit of reducing the 1/f noise of the amplifier.
Statistical bin limits: an approach to wafer dispositioning in IC fabrication

The methodology of selecting and implementing statistical bin limits (SBLs) for wafer-level testing is discussed. Improvements in the manufacturing flow are discussed. It is found that SBLs can detect process shifts, reject misprocessed material, aid in the streamlining of packaged units, and increase the cost effectiveness of these units. It is shown that the methodology does not add to the complexity of the sort flow. Implementation and maintenance are straightforward and simple. <<ETX>>
Understanding Bias and Variance of Learning-to-Rank Algorithms: An Empirical Framework

ABSTRACT Learning-to-rank (LtR) algorithms are at the heart of modern day information retrieval systems. While a good number of LtR algorithms have been developed and scrutinized over the past decade, theoretical underpinnings of these algorithms are not thoroughly investigated so far. Amongst the theoretical aspects of a supervised learning algorithm, the bias-variance profiles are of utmost importance. In this article we aim to better understand the bias-variance profiles of rank-learning algorithms. Firstly, we formalize the bias and variance from a pointwise perspective where each query-document pair is treated as an individual training example. Secondly, we develop a framework to analyze the variability and systematic error of a rank-learner in terms of its ranking error, i.e., we analyze the bias-variance from a listwise perspective where a query and all of its associated documents are treated as a single training example. After developing the theoretical framework, we move on to test its applicability in practice. In particular, we choose a promising algorithm, namely random forest-based rank-learning algorithms for our investigation. We study the effect of varying an important parameter of the algorithm, namely the sub-sample size used to learn each tree, on bias and variance. Our hypothesis is that as the sub-sample size (per tree) increases, classical bias-variance tradeoff should be observed. On two large LtR benchmark datasets, experimental results show that our hypothesis holds true. We also explain the relative performance of two of the top performing LtR algorithms using their bias and variance profiles. To the best of our knowledge, this article presents the first thorough investigation into bias and variance analysis of rank-learning algorithms.
The contact resistance and reliability of anisotropically conductive film (ACF)

The effect of bonding pressure on the electrical and mechanical properties of anisotropic conductive film (ACF) joint using nickel particles and metal-coated polymer ball-filled ACFs was investigated. The contact resistance decreases as the bonding pressure increases. Contact resistance of ACF is determined by the contact area change between particles and contact substrates. Electrical conduction through the pressure engaged contact area between conductive particles and conductor substrates is the main conduction mechanism in ACF interconnection. In addition, environmental effects on contact resistance and adhesion strength such as thermal aging, high temperature/humidity aging and temperature cycling were also investigated. Interestingly, the contact resistances of the excessively bonded samples deteriorated more than those of optimally bonded ones. Increasing contact resistance and decreasing adhesion strength after harsh environmental tests were mainly due to the loss of contact by thermal stress effect and moisture absorption, and also partially due to the formation of metal oxide on the conductive particles.
Comparison of Time Slot Allocation for CDMA/TDD Systems

The CDMA/TDD system with unbal- anced slot allocation between uplink and downlink is a good solution for the traffic (load) asymmetry between two links in cellular mobile multimedia com- munications. However, the level of traffic asymmetry may be significantly different from cell to cell. In this paper, we investigate a slot allocation strategy (DA strategy), by which each cell has its own slot alloca- tion (differentiated from other cells) according to the level of traffic asymmetry. We compute the system capacity with DA strategy and find out the optimal slot allocation for the system. We also compare the maximum capacity to that with another strategy (SA strategy), by which all cells have the same slot allo- cation. As a result, this paper shows that the system with DA strategy outperforms that with SA strategy in the aspect of capacity.
"Neutral" and "universal" Video Games? Reintroduction and influence of cultural and social identities in the virtual world

As of today, The Video Game Industry has become one of the most profitable and influential leisure business in the world. Alongside this trend, Video Games have become one the most important elements that contribute to the integration of online media and connectedness, mainly because of the offers of interaction and entertainment that provides to online users all around the world. Because of this, as long as the medium continues to increase, the way it affects on social processes and consumption habits will only be more prevalent. People from all over the world find themselves in virtual spaces, programmed and codified to resemble all kind of scenarios, to communicate and compete, as well as to find new areas to develop new personas and try to constitute new forms of identity, regardless of their cultural contexts. However, while this process is still forming itself, there's been a new trait that may change the way people approach to online gaming. The establishment of localized, regional virtual spaces are starting to differentiate players and, at the same time, nurturing some discourses of individual and even national identity that may change the way people understand games, and how they relate to their own physical spaces. Throughout this presentation, I will examine the recent rise of new games that have been specially localized and directed specifically to certain audiences that can only be found in certain markets and regions, and how that may change the way developers, consumers and people envision these virtual spaces.
AC voltage hybrid filter

The terminal voltage series type active power filter is developed. The filter reduces output voltage harmonics in a wide range of load. It is effective for liner and nonlinear load from no load to full load operation. The filter consists of passive LC component and H-transistor bridge as active part. The DC link of the bridge is supplied from the AC supply system. The control concept is based on constant average DC link voltage. Theory of the filter operation and results of simulation study are presented for cases of linear and nonlinear loads.
Fuzzy controller for inverter fed induction machines

A fuzzy logic controller for direct self-control of an induction machine is presented. A response faster than that of the conventional direct self-controller during startup and during a step change in torque is achieved. To improve the system performance at low speeds a fuzzy resistance estimator is proposed to eliminate the error due to the change in stator resistance. At constant flux and torque commands any change in stator resistance of the induction machines causes an error in stator current. This error is utilized by the fuzzy resistance estimator to correct the stato resistance used by the controller to match the machine resistance. Both fuzzy controller and fuzzy resistance estimator are simulated for a 3 hp induction motor. The simulation results demonstrate good performance. <<ETX>>