Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on land cover type classification method based on improved MaskFormer for remote sensing images

High-resolution remote sensing images have the characteristics of wide imaging coverage, rich spectral information and unobstructed by terrain and features. All of them provide convenient conditions for people to study land cover types. However, most existing remote sensing image land cover datasets are only labeled with some remote sensing images of low elevation plain areas, which is highly different from the topography and landscape of highland mountainous areas. In this study, we construct a Qilian County grassland ecological element dataset to provide data support for highland ecological protection. To highlight the characteristics of vegetation, our dataset only includes the RGB spectrum fused with the near-infrared spectrum. We then propose a segmentation network, namely, the Shunted-MaskFormer network, by using a mask-based classification method, a multi-scale, high-efficiency feature extraction module and a data-dependent upsampling method. The extraction of grassland land types from 2 m resolution remote sensing images in Qilian County was completed, and the generalization ability of the model on a small Gaofen Image Dataset (GID) verified. Results: (1) The MIoU of the optimised network model in the Qilian grassland dataset reached 80.75%, which is 2.37% higher compared to the suboptimal results; (2) the optimized network model achieves better segmentation results even for small sample classes in data sets with unbalanced sample distribution; (3) the highest MIOU of 72.3% is achieved in the GID dataset of open remote sensing images containing five categories; (4) the size of the optimized model is only one-third of the sub-optimal model.
IoT Devices and Smart Appliances for Flexibility Services in Unical Campus

The integration of renewable energy sources is one of the principal issues of the electric power system. Their non-dispatchability does not allow for a continuous match between production and consumption. So, new solution to increase flexibility are necessary. The article describes the solution implemented on the University of Calabria campus, as part of the ebalancePlus Demo project, to provide flexibility and increase grid resilience. First, the adopted solutions are described, then their main operating functions are discussed, and finally the possible remuneration strategies for end-users who decide to adopt these solutions are presented.
Ku/Ka Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Leaky-Wave Antenna With Fixed-Frequency and Wide-Angle Beam Scanning Based on Ridged SIW

In this communication, a novel ridged substrate integrated waveguide (RSIW) structure is reported to realize the transmission of electromagnetic waves in dual bands in a shared aperture. The structure is consisting of two substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs) operating in Ka- and Ku-bands, respectively, by integrating the Ka-SIW into the Ku-SIW like an embedded ridge. Therefore, the Ku-SIW operates like a ridge waveguide with single-mode transmission. Based on the RSIW structure, a leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is developed with fixed-frequency and wide-angle beam scanning in dual bands (Ka and Ku). Two types of slot arrays are arranged on the RSIW, and p-i-n diodes are adopted to control the states of slots. Two transitions from waveguide to SIW have been designed in Ka- and Ku-bands, respectively, to excite the RSIW. A binary holographic method based on isotropic-point-source array is developed to quickly obtain the excitation schemes of the slot array for desired beam angles. The measured results verify that the LWA can achieve beam scanning ranges of −72° to 39° and −48° to 42° at 31.5 and 12.1 GHz, respectively. The proposed RSIW LWA has the feature of dual-band compact shared aperture and may have a potential application in the dual-band communication systems.
Importance of Wearable Health Monitoring Systems Using IoMT; Requirements, Advantages, Disadvantages and Challenges

Providing better quality of service is one of the most important goals in medical/healthcare systems. The services provided should have features such as low latency, appropriate geographic distribution, and real-time interaction. Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology is one of the solutions to achieve high quality of services with these features. The wearable health monitoring systems which have become popular in the last decade are one of the foundations of achievement to these features. In this paper, the importance of wearable devices under IoMT technology is investigated. There are several reasons for using wearable devices under IoMT technology, such as reducing healthcare costs and long waiting times. Therefore, anyone working on wearable devices needs to have a general understanding of how they are designed and function. In fact, the integration of new devices to monitor and alert patients about their physical health is a promising option for improving health care systems around the world. Overcrowding in medical centers will be prevented by upgrading the facilities for the virtual presence of patients. It can also ensure real-time monitoring and reduce operating costs. In addition, it can accelerate treatment of patients and reduce the cost of investment and increase its coverage.
GJI Geomagnetism, rock magnetism and palaeomagnetism Constraining a numerical geodynamo model with 100 years of surface observations

SUMMARY To constrain numerical geodynamo models with surface geomagnetic observations, we develop an assimilation scheme for mapping surface geomagnetic data into numerical dynamo solutions. This approach is similar to the optimal interpolation that has been used in atmospheric data assimilation for many years. The scheme is numerically stable and computationally efficient, and has been tested in a series of observing system simulation experiments with either simplified MHD systems or synthetic data from numerical dynamo simulations. In this study, the algorithm is integrated with our MoSST core dynamics model and is tested with 100-yr surface geomagnetic observations, starting in 1900. These experiments use 5 and 20-yr analysis intervals, and forecasts are made every 5 yr starting from 1905. We show that forecast errors gradually reduce over the course of the assimilation. Shorter assimilation runs (starting in 1960 and 1980) result in much larger forecast errors. We investigate the causes of the error reduction by examining how the assimilation impacts the unobserved variables. We discuss the implications for the ability of much longer assimilation runs to constrain the physical fields within the Earth’s outer core.
Investigation Malware Analysis Depend on Reverse Engineering Using IDAPro

Any software that runs malicious payloads on victims’ computers is referred to as malware. It is an increasing threat that costs people, businesses, and organizations a lot of money. Attacks on security have developed significantly in recent years. Malware may infiltrate both offline and online media, like: chat, SMS, and spam (email, or social media), because it has a built-in defensive mechanism and may conceal itself from antivirus software or even corrupt it. As a result, there is an urgent need to detect and prevent malware before it damages critical assets around the world. In fact, there are lots of different techniques and tools used to combat versus malware. In this paper, the malware samples were analyzing in the Virtual Box environment using in-depth analysis based on reverse engineering using advanced static malware analysis techniques. The results Obtained from malware analysis which represent a set of valuable information, all anti-malware and anti-virus program companies need for in order to update their products.
Supervisor's organizational embodiment is leader group prototypicality: Addressing construct redundancy through replication

The core concept in the social identity theory of leadership is leader group prototypicality (LGP), the perception that the leader is representative of a shared group (team, organization) identity. The theory was proposed in the 1990s and inspired a body of research that established the theory as well-supported. We argue that the 2010 construct of supervisor's organizational embodiment (SOE) captures the same construct as LGP. The use of different labels for the same construct is an impediment to the development of broad-ranging theory. It is therefore important to empirically establish whether SOE can indeed be seen as another name for LGP. We address this issue through replication tests, establishing that core LGP findings and core SOE findings replicate with both LGP and SOE measurement, as well as by showing that LGP and SOE items represent the same underlying factor. We discuss how recognizing that SOE is another name for LGP allows for the integration of two separate streams of research. We also propose referring to the construct of interest exclusively as LGP and forgoing the SOE label that was proposed after LGP was already established in the literature.
Inter-linkages between the stock exchanges of emerging economies: Evidence from BRICS

The economic liberalization took place in the year 1991, opened up wide range of opportunities to the industries, service providers as well as to the investors. Investors overcome the geographical boundaries to diversify their portfolio to foreign markets. So, it is highly important to understand the inter-linkages among the nations. The present study chosen the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) consortium’s stock market indices to analyze the connectedness among them, by taking the daily closing price levels, from 1st of Feb 2015 to 31st of March 2021, applied descriptive statistics, Unit root test, Granger Causality Test and Johansen Co-integration tests are performed. The results unveil that, the data sample is stationary; there exists the inter-linkages among the BRICS nations stock markets. India’s stock market has major impacts on Brazil, China, South Africa as well as Russia, where as India will not receive major impacts from China, Russia and South Africa. Study concludes that diversifying the portfolio to foreign countries stock markets benefit the investors with increased returns and reduced risk. The study results helps the investors to diversify their portfolios into foreign stock exchanges to get stabilized returns understanding the relationship among emerging countries stock exchanges.
The infancy of cosmic reionization

We consider the early stages of cosmic hydrogen or helium reionization, when ionizing sources were still rare. We show that Poisson fluctuations in the galaxy distribution substantially affected the early bubble size distribution, although galaxy clustering was also an essential factor even at the earliest times. We find that even at high redshifts, a significant fraction of the ionized volume resided in bubbles containing multiple sources, regardless of the ionizing efficiency of sources or of the reionization redshift. In particular, for helium reionization by quasars, one-source bubbles last dominated (i.e. contained 90 per cent of the ionized volume) at some redshift above z= 7.3 , and hydrogen reionization by stars achieved this milestone at z > 23 . For the early generations of atomic-cooling haloes or molecular-hydrogen-cooling haloes, one-source ionized regions dominated the ionized volume only at z > 31 and 48, respectively. To arrive at these results, we develop a statistical model for the effect of density correlations and discrete sources on reionization and solve it with a Monte Carlo method.
Parallel Factorization to Implement Group Analysis in Brain Networks Estimation

When dealing with complex functional brain networks, group analysis still represents an open issue. In this paper, we investigated the potential of an innovative approach based on PARAllel FActorization (PARAFAC) for the extraction of the grand average connectivity matrices from both simulated and real datasets. The PARAFAC approach was solved using three different numbers of rank-one tensors (PAR-FACT). Synthetic data were parametrized according to different levels of three parameters: network dimension (NODES), number of observations (SAMPLE-SIZE), and noise (SWAP-CON) in order to investigate the way they affect the grand average estimation. PARAFAC was then tested on a real connectivity dataset, derived from EEG data of 17 healthy subjects performing wrist extension with left and right hand separately. Findings on both synthetic and real data revealed the potential of the PARAFAC algorithm as a useful tool for grand average extraction. As expected, the best performances in terms of FPR, FNR, and AUC were achieved for great values of sample size and low noise level. A crucial role has been revealed for the PAR-FACT parameter, revealing that an increase in the number of rank-one tensors solving the PARAFAC problem leads to an increase in FPR values and, thus, to a worse grand average estimation.
An Album of Fluid Motion

Keywords: visualisation de l'ecoulement ; tourbillon ; dynamique des : fluides ; aubes ; cylindre ; instabilite ; ecoulement : secondaire Note: moult photos Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08
Compensating for Environmental Variability in the Thermal Inertia Approach to Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture

Abstract A procedure is developed for removing data scatter in the thermal inertia approach to remote sensing of soil moisture that arises from environmental variability in time and space. It entails the utilization of nearby National Weather Service air temperature measurements to normalize measured diurnal surface temperature variations to what they would have been for a day of standard diurnal air temperature variation, arbitarily assigned to be 18°C. Tests of the procedure's basic premise on a bare loam soil and a crop of alfalfa indicate it to be conceptually sound. It is possible the technique could also be useful in other thermal inertia applications, such as lithographic mapping.
Convergence of the one-dimensional Kohonen algorithm

We show in a very general framework the a.s. convergence of the one-dimensional Kohonen algorithm–after self-organization–to its unique equilibrium when the learning rate decreases to 0 in a suitable way. The main requirement is a log-concavity assumption on the stimuli distribution which includes all the usual (truncated) probability distributions (uniform, exponential, gamma distribution with parameter ≥ 1, etc.). For the constant step algorithm, the weak convergence of the invariant distributions towards equilibrium as the step goes to 0 is established too. The main ingredients of the proof are the Poincaré-Hopf Theorem and a result of Hirsch on the convergence of cooperative dynamical systems.
Three-Dimensional Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging for Differentiating between Glioblastoma, IDH-Wildtype and Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

Simple Summary Although primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is sometimes indistinguishable from glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype, the role of operation on them is very different; therefore, accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial. In this study, we evaluated whether amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging was useful to distinguish PCNSL from glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. The mean APTw signal value did not significantly differ between them; however, the percentile values from the 1st percentile to the 20th percentile APTw signals and the width1–100 APTw signals between the two diseases were significantly different. The area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.796, 64.3%, and 88.9%, respectively, using the width1–100 APTw signal values. APTw imaging was useful to differentiate between PCNSL and glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. Performing APTw imaging is recommended in cases in which PCNSL is one of the differential diagnoses. Abstract Distinguishing primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype is sometimes hard. Because the role of operation on them varies, accurate preoperative diagnosis is crucial. In this study, we evaluated whether a specific kind of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, i.e., amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging, was useful to distinguish PCNSL from glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. A total of 14 PCNSL and 27 glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype cases were evaluated. There was no significant difference in the mean APTw signal values between the two groups. However, the percentile values from the 1st percentile to the 20th percentile APTw signals and the width1–100 APTw signals significantly differed. The highest area under the curve was 0.796, which was obtained from the width1–100 APTw signal values. The sensitivity and specificity values were 64.3% and 88.9%, respectively. APTw imaging was useful to distinguish PCNSL from glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. To avoid unnecessary aggressive surgical resection, APTw imaging is recommended for cases in which PCNSL is one of the differential diagnoses.
A Novel Low-Cost ZMP Estimation Method for Humanoid Gait using Inertial Measurement Devices: Concept and Experiments

Estimation and control of Zero Moment Point (ZMP) is a widely used concept for planning the locomotion of bipedal robots and is commonly measured using integrated joint angle encoders and foot force sensors. Contemporary methods for ZMP measurement involve built-in contact sensors such as joint encoders or instrumented foot force sensors. This paper presents a novel approach for computing ZMP for a humanoid robot using inertial sensor-based wireless foot sensor modules (WFSM). The developed WFSMs, strapped at different limb segments of a bipedal robot, measure lower limb joint angles in real-time. The joint angle trajectories, further transformed into cartesian position coordinates, are used for estimating the ZMP positions of humanoid robots using the planar biped model. The whole framework is presented through experimental studies for different real-life walking scenarios. Since the modules work based on the limb motion and inclination, any ground unevenness would be automatically reflected in the module output. Hence, this measurement process can be a convenient method for applications requiring humanoid control on uneven surfaces/ outdoor terrains . To compare the performance of the proposed model, ZMP is simultaneously measured from inbuilt foot force sensors and joint encoders of the robot. Statistical tests exhibit a high linear correlation between the proposed method with integrated encoders and foot force sensors (Pearson’s coefficient, r > 0.99). Results indicate that ZMP estimated by WFSM is a viable method to monitor the dynamic gait balance of a humanoid robot and has potential application in outdoor and uneven terrains
The N-vortex problem on a rotating sphere. I Multi-frequency configurations

The problem of N-point vortices moving on a rotating unit sphere is considered. Through a sequence of linear coordinate transformations, which takes into account the orientation of the centre of vorticity vector with respect to the axis of rotation, we show how to reduce the problem to that on a non-rotating sphere, where the centre of vorticity vector is aligned with the z-axis. As a consequence, we prove that integrability on the rotating sphere is the same as on the non-rotating sphere, namely, the three-vortex problem on the rotating sphere is integrable for all vortex strengths, while the four-vortex problem is integrable in the special case where the centre of vorticity is zero. Rigid multi-frequency configurations that retain their shape while rotating about two independent axes with two independent frequencies are obtained, and necessary conditions for one- and two-frequency motions are derived. Examples including dipoles which exhibit global ‘wobbling’ and ‘tumbling’ dynamics, rings, and Platonic solid configurations are shown to undergo either periodic or quasi-periodic evolution on the rotating sphere depending on the ratio of the solid-body rotational frequency Ω to the rotational frequency ω associated with the rigid structure.
Capacity and Throughput Enhancement for Minimum Distance Using D2D Scheme with TCP for 5G System

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is a promising technology in (5G) cellular networks. It can bring more convenience to mobile phone user equipment (UE). As it can improve the system performance by benefiting the proximity of users together. In this paper, a simple model for single hop D2D communication in 5G is presented and implemented using OMNeT++ simulator and Simu5G software. The model is simulated and the throughput evaluations are presented. The paper explains the performance of D2D communications in infrastructure and D2D modes. As well it measures some parameters; such as uplink and downlink throughput and received bytes. The results show that the throughput in D2D mode is higher than in infrastructure mode, so D2D mode is better as the distance between D2D UEs decreased. It optimizes spectrum utilization, and increases the total throughput of the system, and capacity, with minimum distance.
Structural Factors and Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Flavoenzymes

Abstract Many redox reactions are being catalyzed by oxidoreductase enzymes. Although they have high structural similarity, these enzymes undergo different reaction mechanisms and rates depending on the types of substrate, structure, and protonation state. Many pharmaceutical and food industry applications of these enzymes depend on the structural characterization and elucidation of the reaction mechanisms. Combined experimental studies with computational tools provided evidence on the isoalloxazine ring of the oxidoreductase’s flavin cofactor reacting through a step-wise process of consecutive single-electron transfers. Moreover, a reaction mechanism is enabled due to the protonation state of the proximity of the cofactor and substrate binding pocket. This paper aims to review the recent advances concerning the structural aspects and factors affecting the mechanism of reactions involving several representatives of the flavin-dependent oxidase family.
Prospection of the Factors Impacting the Sustainability of the Moroccan Pension Scheme

The objective of this study is to identify the factors impacting the sustainability of the Moroccan pension system. To this end, an adapted literature review and a study of the history and current diagnosis of the Moroccan pension system were conducted. Thus, variables appropriate to the factors identified in the literature review were selected to analyze their effects on the sustainability of the Moroccan pension system. This analysis revealed the impact of economic and demographic factors on the sustainability of the Moroccan pension system, and that over the last decade, the financial factor has also had a significant impact. Furthermore, between the 1990s and the 2000s, factors related to pension legislation and to management of the pension scheme had a significant impact on the sustainability of Moroccan pension plans. The article also discusses the efforts made by the Moroccan government to make the national pension system sustainable, some of which are in perfect harmony with the results obtained. Keywords: Sustainability, Pension scheme, Morocco, pension reform. JEF classification: H55, H75.