Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strength training in youth soccer players: towards an optimal relationship between load magnitude and performance enhancement

In soccer, sprinting speed and vertical jump are critical skills to achieve high performance. Controversy exists about which type of training is most appropriate to improve these skills in youth players with no previous experience in programmed strength training. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of a 16-week programme of resistance (weight) and plyometric training on sprinting and vertical and horizontal jumping in male youth soccer players. The study involved 18 soccer players, 14.1 ± 0.3 years old, with no previous experience in programmed strength training. They performed a combined cycle of resistance and plyometric training on different days, twice a week, respectively. Before and after the experimental intervention, the athletes were tested in countermovement vertical jump, bipodal horizontal jump, unipodal horizontal jump and 30 m linear sprint. After the intervention, significant improvements were observed in all the variables analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). Given that the relationship between the improvement in performance and the magnitude of the loads applied was shown to be superior to other similar interventions, it is possible to conclude that this type of training programme is both effective and efficient in the population studied. En fútbol, el sprint y el salto vertical son habilidades básicas para alcanzar el alto rendimiento. Existe controversia sobre qué tipo de entrenamiento es el más apropiado para desarrollar estas habilidades en futbolistas jóvenes sin experiencia previa con programas de entrenamiento de fuerza. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de un programa de 16 semanas de entrenamiento de fuerza con cargas y pliométrico sobre las carreras de velocidad y saltos verticales y horizontales en jugadores de fútbol juveniles masculinos. Participaron 18 futbolistas, de 14,1 ± 0,3 años, sin experiencia previa en entrenamiento de fuerza programado. Realizaron un ciclo combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y pliométrico en días diferentes, dos veces por semana, respectivamente. Antes y después de la intervención experimental, los atletas fueron evaluados en salto vertical con contramovimiento, salto horizontal bipodal, salto horizontal unipodal y sprint lineal de 30 m. Se observaron mejoras significativas en todas las variables analizadas (p ≤ 0,05). Dado que la relación entre la mejora en el rendimiento y la magnitud de las cargas aplicadas se mostró superior a otras intervenciones similares, es posible concluir que este tipo de programa de entrenamiento es efectivo y eficiente en la población estudiada.
A topological characterisation of looped drainage networks

Hydrodynamic models are used to analyse water networks (water distribution, drainage, surface water, district heating, etc.). The non-linear nature of water flows necessitates the use of iterative solution meth-ods in hydraulic modelling. This requires a relatively large computational effort. To reduce this effort, networks, network forcing and/or the flow in networks are often simplified and analysed using the Graph Theory. The simplification options depend on the network characteristics. There are many topological features to describe Graph-based networks. In this paper, these characteristics are summarised, applied on 7 urban drainage networks and discussed. As the topological features do not describe the networks in a uniform manner, a new type of topological characterisation of looped drainage networks (Network Linearisation Parameter, NLP) is proposed based on linearized hydraulics and bottlenecks identified in paths to outfalls.
Prediction of Factors Affecting Mobility in Patients with Stroke and Finding the Mediation Effect of Balance on Mobility: A Cross-Sectional Study

(1) Background: Regaining mobility after stroke is essential to facilitate patient independency in activities of daily living. Predicting post-stroke mobility is clinically important and plays a significant part in rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting mobility in patients with stroke and to analyze the mediation effect of balance on mobility. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included forty-one patients with stroke averaging an age of 57.2 ± 88.6. The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) was used for measuring the mobility, Timed Up and Go (TUG) to measure the walking speed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS) to assess the balance and a handheld dynamometer (HHD) was used for measuring the isometric strength of the ankle and knee. (3) Results: In regression analysis balance (β=0.58; p≤ 0.0001) and walking speed (β=−0.27; p=0.04) were the significant factors predicting mobility. (4) Conclusions: Balance and gait speed were the factors that influenced mobility in stroke patients, indicating the utility of measuring these aspects in order to provide appropriate rehabilitation programs.
Maximum Principle for a Hybrid System Via Singular Perturbations

We prove a maximum principle of Pontryagin type for the time optimal control of a hybrid system. The system is nonlinear and consists of a controlled coupled ODE/PDE. The control input acts via the boundary and the interior of the domain. Systems of this type frequently arise in modeling population dynamics in a contaminated environment. For the regularization we use Ekeland's variational principle along with a singular perturbation technique. For this purpose we introduce a new trajectory on an additional exterior domain, whose size may be considered as a singular perturbation parameter. It turns out that the maximum principle is stable with respect to the size of the additional exterior domain. The technique allows us to obtain necessary optimality conditions without involving measure boundary data.
EEG Signal Power Prediction Using DEAP Dataset

When we listen to music, our emotions can change due to changes in our brain response. Because of this, a large number of research projects for classifying the emotional response using brain signals when listening to music through machine learning techniques emerged. On the contrary, to our knowledge, there is no previous research attempting to estimate the dynamic changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) response under music stimuli through machine learning techniques. Therefore, in this manuscript, we proposed an approach to predict and anticipate changes in the EEG signal under music stimuli. Using the DEAP dataset, we split the EEG response to music stimuli into one-second length frames. After that, we compared the changes in the power of the brain signal of consecutive frames through two one-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. This test allowed us to label the changes in the second frame as "lower", "similar" or "higher" signal compared to the first frame. Then, we attempted to predict these changes using a Support-Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with stratified 5-fold validation with different input combinations (only music, only brain signal, or a combination of both). Due to the use of multi-label classification with imbalanced data, we measured the results through F1-Scores. Over chance level predictions of the changes of signal power were obtained when using the previous second brain signal for the different channels and bands, especially in the frontal F3 and F4 channels.
Initiation of Convective Storms at Radar-Observed Boundary-Layer Convergence Lines

Abstract The origin of 653 convective storms occurring over a 5000 km2 area immediately east of the Colorado Rocky Mountains from 18 May to 15 August 1984 was examined. Seventy-nine percent of the 418 storms that initiated within the study area occurred in close proximity to radar-observed boundary-layer convergence lines. This percentage increased to 95% when only the more intense storms (≥60 dBZe) were considered. Colliding convergence lines initiated new storms or intensified existing storms in 71% of the cases. A new storm took a median time of 24 min to grow to 30 dBZ following line collision. The convergence lines ranged in length between ten and several hundred kilometers. Both radar and mesonet stations indicated that the primary convergence was concentrated in a zone 0.5 to 5 km in width. These lines were characterized on Doppler radar as thin lines of enhanced reflectivity between 0 and 20 dBZe and as a line of strong radial or azimuthal gradient in Doppler velocity. These lines were observed ev.
On a degeneracy of temporal secondary instability modes in Blasius boundary-layer flow

Using the parallel-flow approximation the prechaotic bifurcation behaviour of Blasius boundary-layer flow is studied at finite Reynolds numbers. The objective of this investigation is to search for qualitative solution changes which might be linked to the rapid breakdown at transition. As a first step this requires the computation of the two-dimensional primary equilibrium surface of nonlinear Tollmien-Schlichting waves. This two-dimensional neutral surface exhibits a period-halving bifurcation which is qualitatively different from the situation for plane Poiseuille flow. At the same time the numerically computed equilibrium solution offers the possibility of assessing the range of convergence of weakly nonlinear results. In a second step the stability of this nonlinear equilibrium solution is investigated with respect to three-dimensional disturbances. Of particular importance is the existence of a modal degeneracy between amplified secondary instability modes, implying locally algebraic growth. On decreasing the Reynolds number, the amplification rate of this direct resonance point switches from being amplified to being damped. Interestingly, the Reynolds number corresponding to this zero-amplification point seems to be in the vicinity of the experimentally observed transition Reynolds number for Blasius flow.
Productivity, quality, and land use efficiency of cereal-legume forages under monocropping and intercropping systems with integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources

Abstract Production of nutritious fodder for livestock remains a challenge especially in arid and semiarid regions of the world. Cereal–legume intercropping with integrated use of organic and inorganic nutrient sources could be a viable option for achieving higher fodder tonnage in aforesaid ecologies. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the impact of cereal-legume intercropping and integrated nutrient management on productivity, forage quality, and land use efficiency (LUE). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design where four planting ratios as monocropped maize (SM), monocropped cowpea (SC), maize intercropped with cowpea in 1:1 (1M:1C), and 2:1 (2M:1C) row ratio were allotted in the main plot and five nutrient management practices as absolute control (NM0), 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + Zn (NM1), 125%RDF + Zn (NM2), (75%RDF + Zn + farm yard manure (FYM) + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (NM3) and 100%RDF + Zn + FYM (NM4) were allotted in subplot. Monocropped maize fertilized with 75%RDF + Zn + PGPR + FYM and 100%RDF + Zn + FYM produced significantly maximum dry matter yield (DMY) (138.3 and 135.7 q ha−1, respectively) which statistically at par with maize intercropped with cowpea in 2M:1C ratio under 75%RDF + Zn + PGPR + FYM (127.6 q ha−1). Maize and cowpea intercropped in 1M:1C ratio fertilized with 75%RDF + Zn + PGPR + FYM or 100%RDF + Zn + FYM gave highest crude protein, ether extract, and ash yield, digestibility and energy, and lowest fiber fractions. The intercropped treatments showed higher LUE with 8–12% yield advantage over monocropping. Therefore, intercropping of maize and cowpea in 1M:1C ratio with application of 75%RDF + Zn + PGPR + FYM or 100%RDF + Zn + FYM could be recommended to enhance the productivity, forage quality, and LUE in semiarid conditions of North-Western India.
Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Protects Cortical Neurons from Hyperexcitation and Ca2+ Overload during Ischemia by Protecting the Population of GABAergic Neurons

A defection of blood circulation in the brain leads to ischemia, damage, and the death of nerve cells. It is known that individual populations of GABAergic neurons are the least resistant to the damaging factors of ischemia and therefore they die first of all, which leads to impaired inhibition in neuronal networks. To date, the neuroprotective properties of a number of calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, calretinin, and parvalbumin), which are markers of GABAergic neurons, are known. Neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) is a signaling protein that is expressed in all types of neurons and is involved in the regulation of neurotransmission. The role of NCS-1 in the protection of neurons and especially their individual populations from ischemia and hyperexcitation has not been practically studied. In this work, using the methods of fluorescence microscopy, vitality tests, immunocytochemistry, and PCR analysis, the molecular mechanisms of the protective action of NCS-1 in ischemia/reoxygenation and hyperammonemia were established. Since NCS-1 is most expressed in GABAergic neurons, the knockdown of this protein with siRNA led to the most pronounced consequences in GABAergic neurons. The knockdown of NCS-1 (NCS-1-KD) suppressed the basic expression of protective proteins without significantly reducing cell viability. However, ischemia-like conditions (oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD) and subsequent 24-h reoxygenation led to a more massive activation of apoptosis and necrosis in neurons with NCS-1-KD, compared to control cells. The mass death of NCS-1-KD cells during OGD and hyperammonemia has been associated with the induction of a more pronounced network hyperexcitation symptom, especially in the population of GABAergic neurons, leading to a global increase in cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i). The symptom of hyperexcitation of neurons with NCS-1-KD correlated with a decrease in the level of expression of the calcium-binding protein-parvalbumin. This was accompanied by an increase in the expression of excitatory ionotropic glutamate receptors, N-methyl-D-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (NMDAR and AMPAR) against the background of suppression of the expression of glutamate decarboxylase (synthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid).
Over 35% efficient GaAs/GaSb stacked concentrator cell assemblies for terrestrial applications

It has been previously noted that GaSb infrared-sensitive cells can be stacked behind transparent GaAs cells to boost solar cell energy conversion efficiencies to well over 30% for space and terrestrial applications. Verified spectral response and current versus voltage data for both GaAs and GaSb cells along with Sandia National Laboratories clear-day solar spectral data for Albuquerque, US, are used to calculate the stack performance for various spring, summer, fall, and winter days in Albuquerque at both 25 degrees C and at projected cell normal operating temperatures (NOT). It is found that the stack annual average energy conversion efficiency is 35.6% at 25 degrees C and 32.5% at NOT. During the year, the tandem stack efficiency at 25 degrees C varies by a small amount, from a low of 35.3% to a high of 35.8%. <<ETX>>
Simultaneous Determination for Nine Kinds of N-Nitrosamines Compounds in Groundwater by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry

The ability to effectively detect N-nitrosamine compounds by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry presents a challenge due to the problems of high detection limits and difficulty in simultaneous N-nitrosamine compound detection. In order to overcome these limitations, this study reduced the detection limit of N-nitrosamine compounds by applying n-hexane pre-treatment to remove non-polar impurities before the conventional process of column extraction. In addition, ammonium acetate was used as the mobile phase to enhance the retention of nitrosamine target substances on the chromatographic column, with formic acid added to the mobile phase to improve the ionization level of N-nitrosodiphenylamine, to achieve the simultaneous detection of multiple N-nitrosamine compounds. Applying these modifications to the established detection method allowed the rapid and accurate detection of N-nitrosamine in water within 12 min. The linear relationship, detection limit, quantification limit and sample spiked recovery rate of nine types of nitrosamine compound were investigated, showing that the correlation coefficient ranged from 0.9985–0.9999, while the detection limits of the instrument and the method were 0.280–0.928 µg·L−1 and 1.12–3.71 ng·L−1, respectively. The spiked sample recovery rate ranged from 64.2–83.0%, with a standard deviation of 2.07–8.52%, meeting the requirements for trace analysis. The method was applied to the detection of N-nitrosamine compounds in nine groundwater samples in Wuhan, China, and showed that the concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine and NDEA were relatively high, highlighting the need to monitor water bodies with very low levels of pollutants and identify those requiring treatment.
Accounting Knowledge and Skill Development of Cooperative Employees in Chiangmai Province

This research was a qualitative research that used in-depth interviews and purposive sampling by convenience sampling, for categorizing problems, analyzing associations, an analysis of changes in accounting record accuracy and quantitative research; using a questionnaire to assess knowledge and understanding of the participants before and after the training, as well as a developmental assessment form to check the accuracy of accounting preparation of cooperative employees both before and after the workshop, research aimed at improving accounting knowledge for cooperative employees in Chiang Mai and cooperative stakeholders to create transparency and reduce social inequality. Therefore, the research team summarized the issues of the study, divided into 2 parts as follows: the results of the first part of the study show the results of the development of accounting skills and professional ethics of 800 cooperative employees in Chiang Mai, and it found that the participants' scores on knowledge and understanding of accounting after the training increased by 12.34. Moreover, From the workshops and practical trials, it was found that cooperative employees were able to record accounts and prepare financial statements correctly after additional training; from the accuracy score of 30 percent to 65 percent, which represents the ability to prepare accounts more accurately for 35 percent. For the second part, the results of the training to develop knowledge and understanding about the cooperative system of 500 stakeholders showed that their knowledge and understanding increased by 15.60%. In addition, there was an economic valuation of the research project’s worthiness conducted for the future allowance valuation method, in which the result of the study found that the economic value for the accounting skill development was 1,659,660.50 baht.
High Dose Pharmaceutical Grade Biotin (MD1003) Accelerates Differentiation of Murine and Grafted Human Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells In Vivo

Accumulating evidences suggest a strong correlation between metabolic changes and neurodegeneration in CNS demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Biotin, an essential cofactor for five carboxylases, is expressed by oligodendrocytes and involved in fatty acid synthesis and energy production. The metabolic effect of biotin or high-dose-biotin (MD1003) has been reported on rodent oligodendrocytes in vitro, and in neurodegenerative or demyelinating animal models. However, clinical studies, showed mild or no beneficial effect of MD1003 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or MS. Here, we took advantage of a mouse model of myelin deficiency to study the effects of MD1003 on the behavior of murine and grafted human oligodendrocytes in vivo. We show that MD1003 increases the number and the differentiation potential of endogenous murine oligodendroglia over time. Moreover, the levels of MD1003 are increased in the plasma and brain of pups born to treated mothers, indicating that MD1003 can pass through the mother’s milk. The histological analysis of the grafted animals shows that MD1003 increased proliferation and accelerates differentiation of human oligodendroglia, but without enhancing their myelination potential. These findings provide important insights into the role of MD1003 on murine and human oligodendrocyte maturation/myelination that may explain the mitigated outcome of ALS/MS clinical trials.
Clinical Application of Detecting COVID-19 Risks: A Natural Language Processing Approach

The clinical application of detecting COVID-19 factors is a challenging task. The existing named entity recognition models are usually trained on a limited set of named entities. Besides clinical, the non-clinical factors, such as social determinant of health (SDoH), are also important to study the infectious disease. In this paper, we propose a generalizable machine learning approach that improves on previous efforts by recognizing a large number of clinical risk factors and SDoH. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the subtle combination of a number of deep neural networks, including the BiLSTM-CNN-CRF method and a transformer-based embedding layer. Experimental results on a cohort of COVID-19 data prepared from PubMed articles show the superiority of the proposed approach. When compared to other methods, the proposed approach achieves a performance gain of about 1–5% in terms of macro- and micro-average F1 scores. Clinical practitioners and researchers can use this approach to obtain accurate information regarding clinical risks and SDoH factors, and use this pipeline as a tool to end the pandemic or to prepare for future pandemics.
Research Advances in Mechanical Properties and Applications of Dual Network Hydrogels

Hydrogels with a three-dimensional network structure are particularly outstanding in water absorption and water retention because water exists stably in the interior, making the gel appear elastic and solid. Although traditional hydrogels have good water absorption and high water content, they have poor mechanical properties and are not strong enough to be applied in some scenarios today. The proposal of double-network hydrogels has dramatically improved the toughness and mechanical strength of hydrogels that can adapt to different environments. Based on ensuring the properties of hydrogels, they themselves will not be damaged by excessive pressure and tension. This review introduces preparation methods for double-network hydrogels and ways to improve the mechanical properties of three typical gels. In addition to improving the mechanical properties, the biocompatibility and swelling properties of hydrogels enable them to be applied in the fields of biomedicine, intelligent sensors, and ion adsorption.