Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fruit set is moderately dependent on insect pollinators in strawberry and is limited by the availability of pollen under natural open conditions

ABSTRACT Modern strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) cultivars are hermaphrodite and have fertile flowers, with the anthers releasing viable pollen. Cultivars are self-compatible and do not require cross-pollination. Studies supporting managed or wild insects are based on a few reports and there are problems with the methods used to assess pollination. This review examined the role of pollination in strawberry. The mean (± s.d. or standard deviation) pollinator dependence (PD) for yield (self-pollination versus open- or insect-assisted pollination) was 0.36 ± 0.26 (P < 0.001, N = 52 studies). The yields of plants exposed to supplementary insects were higher than those exposed to pollinators under natural open conditions, with a calculated pollen limitation (PL) of 0.20 ± 0.17 (P < 0.001, N = 20 studies). Fields close to semi-natural habitats, wildflowers, grass or hedges can have more pollinators and a greater diversity of pollinators than fields further away. However, a greater abundance of pollinators does not always lead to higher fruit set. Yield is dependent on insect pollinators (moderate pollinator dependence) and is limited by the availability of pollen under natural open conditions (moderate pollen limitation).
Emotional coping of nursing students during mental health nursing simulation training

The process of carrying out simulation training within mental health nursing is part of a teaching method used to increase a student’s understanding of mental illness, allowing them to develop the required empathic practices that will form part of their skillset. Simulation training has proven to be an effective teaching method within the nursing curriculum. Simulation training provides assistance in the alleviation of societal stigma and general fear and anxiety when communicating with patients who have mental health disorders. The aim of this research is to study student emotions and feelings that may have arisen within the context of mental health simulation training. The current research was conducted by making use of a cohort of undergraduate nursing students in the field of mental health who were undertaking mental health simulation training in a healthcare college. Student feedback was analysed using qualitative content analysis, based on a process of self-reflection by the students themselves. The analysis focused on emotions that had arisen during the study process, and emotional management processes that had been adopted by the students. The results of the research confirmed the supposition that the students had undergone emotional tension during mental health simulation training. Based on the results of the analysis, a model could be designed, which would provide the required emotional preparation and support during a mental health simulation training. This consists of a series of recommendations, which will assist in the emotional preparation of students who are undertaking simulation training.
Actualización en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de osteosíntesis imperfecta.

La "enfermedad del ojo de cristal", científicamente llamada osteogénesis imperfecta, es un desorden genético que afecta la fabricación de colágeno en los huesos, llevando a una significativa susceptibilidad a fracturas y debilidad ósea. Aunque ha habido avances en el conocimiento de cómo se desarrolla la enfermedad, la variedad en sus manifestaciones clínicas y genéticas continúa siendo un obstáculo en la medicina. Esta revisión tiene como propósito brindar un análisis más exhaustivo y contemporáneo sobre cómo se diagnostica, las alternativas para su manejo y qué se puede esperar a largo plazo para las personas afectadas. Se evidencio que el uso de la secuenciación genética, está permitiendo un diagnóstico más certero, además, el tratamiento ha evolucionado hacia un enfoque multidisciplinar que incluye fisioterapia, cirugía ortopédica y terapia farmacológica con bifosfonatos para aumentar la densidad ósea. El pronóstico de estos pacientes ha mejorado, aunque el nivel de vida puede verse perjudica, sobre todo en los casos más graves. Los recientes avances en el diagnóstico genético y las terapias a nivel molecular han cambiado por completo la forma de tratar, dando nuevas esperanzas a los pacientes. A pesar de estos avances, sigue existiendo una necesidad urgente de investigar y desarrollar terapias nuevas, más seguras y eficaces, con el propósito de aumentar el bienestar y las tasas de supervivencia de estos pacientes.
A Cooperative Relative Localization System for Distributed Multi-Agent Networks

While absolute position information is inaccessible for multi-agent networks due to the lack of global reference in GNSS-challenged or infrastructure-free scenarios, relative pose information among the agents can be obtained via agent cooperation. In this article, we develop a cooperative relative localization system for distributed multi-agent networks. In particular, we propose a node activation strategy to select the backbone agents that minimize the information loss caused by malformed topology, and then the listener agents localize themselves based on the backbone topology. The scheme also incorporates a back calibration step that utilizes the position estimates of the listener agents to further improve the localization accuracy of the backbone topology. Moreover, a multi-sensory information fusion scheme is developed for dynamic scenes, where a coordinate transformation method is proposed to reduce the accumulated error caused by the coordinate misalignment. Finally, the system is implemented on a low-cost hardware platform with the ultra-wideband radios, and extensive simulations and experiments demonstrate that the proposed system can achieve decimeter-level relative localization accuracy.
Sensitivity of Convection-Allowing Forecasts to Land Surface Model Perturbations and Implications for Ensemble Design

AbstractIn this exploratory study, a series of perturbations to the land surface model (LSM) component of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was developed to investigate the sensitivity of forecasts of severe thunderstorms and heavy precipitation at 4-km grid spacing and whether such perturbations could improve ensemble forecasts at this scale. The perturbations (generated using a combination of perturbing fixed parameters and using separate schemes, one of which—Noah-MP—is new among the WRF modeling community) were applied to a 10-member ensemble including other mixed physics parameterizations and compared against an identically configured ensemble that did not include the LSM perturbations to determine their impact on probabilistic forecasts. A third ensemble using only the LSM perturbations was also configured.The results from 14 (in total) 36-h ensemble forecasts suggested the LSM perturbations resulted in systematic improvement in ensemble dispersion and error characteristics. Lower-tro.
Study on neutrino beam experiments with multi-layer matter profiles

This thesis explores different unusual setups of neutrino oscillation experiments. They could help to observe parametric enhancement of neutrino oscillations or similar effects. Three different setups are studied: an artificial periodic step function density profile, a neutrino factory beam passing through the core of the earth, and a short baseline with two layers of matter of different constant densities. Different approximations of the neutrino oscillation probability and numerical calculations are used for analysing the setups giving an overview of the basic features. Only the neutrino beam through the earth is under certain conditions able to lead to observable enhancement effects coming from multiple layers of matter with different densities. However, the artificial density profile would have to be longer than 1000 km being technically not realizable. To detect parametric enhancement with a neutrino beam traversing the earth core, the energy resolution of the detector would have to be lowered to about 10%. In addition statistical analysis of the results to differentiate the used oscillation channels and high statistics are necessary. In the short baseline setup a vacuum layer of more than 300 km thickness would be needed to enhance matter effects. In experiments with atmospheric neutrinos the effects are small and washed out by experimantal energy resolution.
ON THE CONSISTENCY OF JEFFREYS'S SIMPLICITY POSTULATE, AND ITS ROLE IN

This paper is about the Bayesian theory of inductive inference, and in particular about the status of a condition, called by him the Simplicity Postulate, imposed by Jeffreys [1948] and [1961] on the so-called prior probability distributions. I shall explain what the Simplicity Postulate says presently: first, some background. The context of the discussion will be a set of possible laws hi, ostensibly governing some given domain of phenomena, and a test designed to discriminate between them. The prior probabilities of the hi are here simply their pre-test probabilities; the posterior, or post-test, probability distribution is obtained by combining likelihoods with prior probabilities according to Bayes's Theorem. Posterior probability oc prior probability x likelihood, where the coefficient of proportionality is the prior probability of the test outcome e. The likelihood of hi given e is equal to the probability of e, conditional on hi, and in those cases where hi describes a well-defined statistical model which determines a probability distribution over a set of data-points of which e is one, the likelihood of hi on e, is just the probability assigned e by hi. The prior, and hence also the posterior probabilities, are understood to be relativised to a stock of well-confirmed background theories about the structure of the test, presumed to be neutral between the hi. These probabilities are interpreted by Jeffreys as reasonable degrees of belief. In such circumstances it might seem natural to make the prior probabilities of the hi equal. For reasons which will become apparent shortly, Jeffreys instead stipulates that they should be a decreasing function of the complexity of the hi, where the complexity of a hypothesis is measured by its number of independent adjustable parameters, i.e., the
Dynamic Voltage Support Capability Assessment of Distributed Generators in Microgrid

Assessment of node importance is essential for the reliable operation of microgrids. The absence of key nodes for voltage support during voltage deviation may significantly escalate the severity of an incident. Distributed generators in microgrids are highly susceptible to going off-grid during disturbances and are more likely to experience node failure. This study proposes a voltage support capability assessment method for distributed generators, which integrates the electrical characteristics of microgrids with the structural features of graph theory, enabling an accurate assessment of the voltage regulation capabilities of distributed generators. The concurrence of time-domain simulation and calculation results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying key nodes for voltage support.
Research on performance evaluation of production vehicle based on multi-objective genetic algorithm

In order to ensure the normal operation of OBD (On Board Diagnostics) system, manufacturers are required to conduct self-examination and supervision of OBD system, which is the performance evaluation of production vehicles. Multi-objective GA (Genetic Algorithm) simulates the process of biological evolution, dealing with a population, and can generate a large number of non-inferior solutions in one optimization process, so it can search the approximate Pareto optimal solution set of multi-objective optimization problems. In this paper, a fault diagnosis model based on multi-objective GA is proposed to diagnose the faults of automobile engines. The main idea is to use advanced multi-objective GA NSGA-II to adjust the parameters of the production car performance. The simulation results show that the fault samples can be completely and accurately identified by the established model, and the identification rate reaches 91.27%. Therefore, the fault diagnosis model based on multi-objective GA proposed in this paper can be used for fault diagnosis of automobile engine.
Fuzzy Logic Driven Testability Measurement for an Object Oriented System

v Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Object-oriented Design 2 1.2 Software Metrics 1.3 Testability 4 1.4 Fuzzy Logic Approach 4 Chapter 2: Object-Oriented Software Engineering 6 2.1 Objects 6 2.2 Classes 8 2.3 Object Oriented Approach 9 2.4 Benefits of Object Oriented Software Engineering 9 Chapter 3: Software Quality 11 3.1 Classification 11 3.2 Testability Metrics 16 3.3 Case Study 19
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Brownian Motion of a Nanoparticle in a Nanofluid

ABSTRACT Brownian motion of nanoparticles is one of the mechanisms proposed to explain how nanoparticles improve the thermal conductivity of nanofluids where it has been assumed that a large volume of the surrounding base fluid is dragged by the moving nanoparticle, which leads to the heat transfer enhancement. Therefore, the necessary condition for this mechanism to play a key role is that the velocity vector of the moving nanoparticle points in the same direction as the velocity vectors of the surrounding base fluid. Using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and modeling a nanofluid, this mechanism is examined where the angles between the velocity vector of the nanoparticle and the velocity vectors of the surrounding base fluid are considered. The results for these angles indicate that the moving nanoparticle cannot considerably drag the surrounding base fluid even with increasing temperature. Furthermore, it is found that the moving nanoparticle may cause a weak thermal dispersion (fluctuation) around itself.
A δ-Persistently-Exciting Formation Controller for Non-Holonomic Systems Over Directed Graphs

We study a formation control problem of nonholonomic vehicles which consists in making a group of them gather around a given rendezvous set-point and acquire a common orientation. This task may be regarded as part of a more complex maneuver, e.g., requiring the robots to advance in a scouting mission on a path composed of straight lines and occasional turns. The control approach relies on addressing separately the problems of stabilization (on the plane) and of orientation consensus. For the former we use individual controllers involving smooth time-varying terms and for the latter we use distributed consensus control, under the assumption that the robots form a directed graph that contains a spanning tree.
On the frequency of hydrodynamic perturbations. From the early transient through the intermediate term to the asymptotic state

We present recent findings concerning the frequency in the transient evolution of threedimensional perturbations in sheared flows. Sheared incompressible flows are usually considered non-dispersive media, as a consequence, the frequency evolution in transients has received much less attention than the wave energy density or growth factor. By carrying out a large number of long term transient simulations, we observe frequency jumps which appear quite far along within the time interval needed to reach the asymptotic state. We interpret these jumps as the end of the early transient and the beginning of the intermediate transient, where the process of the establishment of the final wave characteristics takes place. In the presence of a wall, where the no-slip condition applies, regardless of the symmetry of the initial condition, the frequency of non orthogonal waves jumps to values that can be 30 − 40% higher than those observed in the early transient. In the case of the wake, which is the free flow considered in this paper, the situation is similar, but the jumps are generally lower. These are accompanied by oscillations that begin in the early transient, may last throughout the intermediate term and disappear when the asymptotic state is reached. The early transient and the intermediate term durations are of the same order in the wake and in the channel solely in the case of long waves. Medium-short waves in the channel flow have an intermediate evolution one order of magnitude longer than the early transient. In both cases, the frequency and the phase speed fall to zero when φ, the obliquity angle between the perturbation and basic flow plane, approaches π/2. As a consequence, orthogonal waves are standing waves, a result that can be explained in terms of the symmetry of the system and agrees with laboratory findings concerning the unstable-turbulent spots observed in wall flows during the transition to turbulence.
Effect of incubation temperatures on mycelial growth, conidial features and density of Stemphylium botryosum Walr isolates

The cultural and morphological variability of Stemphylium botryosum Walr was studied with five isolates viz. isolate 1 (Stb-I1), isolate 2 (Stb-I2), isolate 3 (Stb- I3), isolate 4 (Stb-I4) and isolate 5 (Stb-I5) collected from Parsa, Rautahat, Dang, Banke and Chitwan districts of Nepal respectively during 2011-2012 crop season with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) maintaining 3 replications at Plant Pathology Laboratory of Grain Legumes Research Program (GLRP), Rampur, Chitwan. Single spore isolation technique was followed to isolate the pathogen. The pathogen was grow on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and incubated with different temperatures in BOD incubator. The calibrated ocular micrometer was used to measure the length and breadth of the conidia while conidial count with sporulation intensity was attempted with hemocytometer. The mycelium color of the different isolates was varied from white, grey, brown and brownish black in peripheral part while mostly black pigmentation was noticed in lateral part of the culture plate. The shape and texture was regular and velvety for most isolates and in some isolate, roughly irregular shape with cottony texture was found. The higher colony diameter of 7.66 cm and conidial dimension of 29.42×18.12 μm (L/B ratio-1.62) with profuse sporulation intensity (46.67 conidia /0.01 ml) was observed at 25 °C after 15 days of incubation on PDA. However, 2.84 cm diameter, 19.58×9.81 μm (L/B ratio-2.00) with poor conidial density (7.60 conidia /0.01 ml) was noticed at 10 °C. The observation at 10 and 35 °C was at par in case of mycelial growth, conidial features and sporulation intensity. Mostly conidia of all isolates were brown in color at lower incubation temperature but they became dark grey brown at 25 and 30 °C and grey color was noticed when incubated at 35 °C on PDA after 15 days of incubation.Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and TechnologyVol. 12, No. I, June, 2016, page: 80-89
Local characterization of light trapping effects of metallic and dielectric nanoparticles in ultra-thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells via scanning near-field optical microscopy

Plasmonic and photonic nanoparticles have proven beneficial for solar cells in the aspect of light management. For improved exploitation of nanoparticles in solar cells, it is necessary to reveal the absorption enhancement mechanism from the nanoparticles. In this study, we investigated the nanoparticle-enhanced solar cells in near-field regime with optic and opto-electric scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The near-field distribution of regularly arranged silver and polystyrene nanoparticles produced by nanosphere lithography on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) solar cells is characterized using a custom-built SNOM, which gives insight into the optical mechanism of light trapping from nanoparticles to solar cells. On the other hand, the photocurrent of CIGSe solar cells with and without nanoparticles is studied with an opto-electric SNOM by recording the photocurrent during surface scanning, further revealing the opto-electrical influences of the nanoparticles. In addition, finite element method simulations have been performed and agree with the results from SNOM. We found the dielectric polystyrene spheres are able to enhance the absorption and benefit the generation of charge carriers in the solar cells.
Omnidirectional wavelength selective emitters/absorbers based on dielectric-filled anti-reflection coated two-dimensional metallic photonic crystals

We demonstrate designs of dielectric-filled anti-reflection coated (ARC) two-dimensional (2D) metallic photonic crystals (MPhCs) capable of omnidirectional, polarization insensitive, wavelength selective emission/absorption. Up to 26% improvement in hemispherically averaged emittance/absorptance below the cutoff wavelength is observed for optimized hafnium oxide filled 2D tantalum (Ta) PhCs over the unfilled 2D Ta PhCs. The optimized designs possess high hemispherically averaged emittance/absorptance of 0.86 at wavelengths below the cutoff wavelength and low hemispherically averaged emittance/absorptance of 0.12 at wavelengths above the cutoff wavelength, which is extremely promising for applications such as thermophotovoltaic energy conversion, solar absorption, and infrared spectroscopy.
The Cloud Discharge in Winter Thunderstorms of the Hokuriku Coast

Multistation observation of the electric field-changes due to lightning discharges have been made around Unoke near Kanazawa during the winters of 1976-1977 and 1977-1978. The following characteristics of the cloud discharge have been found from these observations by using the data of 221 cloud discharges in seven storms. (1) The occurrence frequency of the cloud discharge is 77* of all lightning discharges. The average duration of the cloud discharge is 330 ms. (2) The cloud discharges are preferentially initiated by ascending negative streamers in contrast with those in summer storms, which are initiated by descending positive streamers. (3) The winter thunderstorms can be classified into three types in accordance with the direction of the streamer development in cloud discharge and with the polarity of ground discharges. (4) In the storm on Dec. 2, 1977 the heights of positive and negative charges were estimated; they were about 6 km and 3 km, which corresponded to the temperature heights of -30* and -10* respectively in the storm cloud.
Graphene/In2S3 van der Waals Heterostructure for Ultrasensitive Photodetection

As an emerging 2D nonlayered material, natural defective β-In2S3 nanosheets have drawn attention because of their unique defective structure and broad optical detection range. Stacking n-type In2S3 with other p-type 2D materials can produce an atomically sharp interface with van der Waals interaction, which may lead to high performance in (opto)electronics. In this study, we fabricated a van der Waals heterostructure composed of In2S3 and graphene via the dry transfer method. Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy revealed a significant potential difference at the interface of the heterostructure, thereby endowing it with good diode characteristics. The back-gate field effect transistor based on the graphene/In2S3 heterostructure exhibited excellent gate-tunable current-rectifying characteristic with n-type semiconductor behavior. A photodetector based on the graphene/In2S3 heterostructure showed excellent response to visible light. Particularly, an ultrahigh responsivity of 795 A/W and an external quantu.
When Innovative Ideas Encounter Institutions: An Analytical Model

Abstract This paper presents an analytical model for studying “encounters” that take place when ideas for innovation meet institutions (The IIE-model). Our model aims to expand the dichotomous barriers/driver approach in innovation research. Building on the theoretical contributions of studies on institutional logics and change, this model presents a dynamic, institution-based understanding of what happens when innovative ideas meet institutions. Four ideal types of encounters describe the mutual impact of institutions and innovative ideas. This paper aims to contribute to a wider and more nuanced understanding of the dynamics of innovation processes.