Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Incorporating omega‐3 in the food chain – why, where and how?

Summary It has been recognised for decades that high fat intakes are not conducive to good health and, more recently, that the fatty acid profile of the diet (sometimes referred to as fat quality) is also important. Fat intake as a proportion of total food energy has declined over recent years in line with recommendations. Although there have been changes in the types of fats consumed and a fall in the total intake of saturates towards the recommended level, there is still room for improvement. The proportion of energy derived from saturates is still too high in most EU countries. The recommended level is 10% or less of total energy (<11% total food energy) but data show that only two Member States consume 12% or less of total energy as saturates. As the main factor determining serum cholesterol is the amount of saturates in the diet, there are heart health benefits to be gained from achieving a reduction. Meanwhile, research investigating the promise of health benefits linked to increased consumption of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturates and long-chain n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturates has expanded our knowledge of the health effects of these fatty acids in our diets. Attempts to modify dietary fatty acid profile started with meat and dairy products but developments throughout the food chain have now taken place, such as production of lower fat meats, meat products and spreads; low-fat milks and dairy products, and a variety of manufactured foods with a reduced fat content and enhanced fatty acid profile. Together these initiatives have led to a fall in saturates intake and improvements in the overall fatty acid profile of our diets, although targets have generally not been met as yet. More recently there have been recommendations to increase our intake of fish, the primary dietary source of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. However, the latter has been accompanied by environmental concerns about the safety and sustainability of fish and fish oil supplies. Dietary sources of these long chain n-3 fatty acids are very limited, oily fish being the only major source. Meanwhile, across Europe, associated with the increased prevalence of obesity and related morbidities, health care costs have soared, exacerbated by the fact that people are living longer although these extra years are often spent in poor health. This has provoked a renewed and reinvigorated search for dietary approaches to health promotion that can potentially be applied to the food supply at the population level. Exploring ways of enhancing the food supply with respect to long-chain n-3 fatty acids has been the focus of researchers associated with the EU-funded Lipgene project. Possible routes include enrichment of meat and meat products through standard animal husbandry techniques, enrichment of milk (either via the cows’ diet or during processing), and more controversially the development of transgenic plants capable of producing long-chain n-3 fatty acids, which could be used as a vehicle to introduce these important fatty acids into the food chain.
Studies on Security Threats in Waste Mobile Phone Recycling Supply Chain in India

The presence of different metals and rare earth elements in the smart phones have made waste mobile phone recycling economically suitable. In order to maintain the equilibrium of resource exploitation and enhance resource efficiency, it is important to recycle mobile sustainably. Increasing environmental and data loss threats have enforced several policies to increase the recycling rate. Despite all, a small fraction of waste mobile phones are recycled properly and a significant amount mobile phones are refurbished and repaired which enters the second-hand market. The secondhand market is a critical node in the supply chain of waste mobile phone. The data security issues arise from this area and it varies with the amount of time it spends in the repairing zone. A lot of valuable and sensitive data are saved in storage units of a mobile phone. Improper disposal of waste mobile phone can lead to potential threat of exposing personal information from the devices, including logged in profile details of social networking sites, emails, personal messages, photos etc. This can lead to cyber risks including identity theft, data tampering, information disclosure etc. which may have higher social impact. General issues with data security from ewaste have been reported. Studies focusing on threats from used, lost or improperly discarded mobile phones are scant. In this study, we identify such issues pertaining in the supply chain of waste mobile phones. Possible solutions have been proposed to address these issues. A supply-chain based framework has been proposed which can serve as a prima facie towards development of a detailed solution architecture.
Australasian Science

healthy psychological and social development of young people. It was also found that in general getting a satisfying job resulted in an improvement in psychological well­ being rather than unemployment resulting in a decline. As the-authors note, 'These finding suggest that it may be the quality of life, rather than the fact of being employed or unemployed, which is important' (p.95). A surprising implication from the study was that leaving school, rather than getting a job, is the more psychologically significant transitional event in young people's lives. To some extent, merely leaving school, particularly for girls, is beneficial to well-being. The study revealed some important factors that might help young people to cope with both unemployment and unsatisfactory employment. These are social support (friends, confidants), financial security, and using their time in constructive activities involving other people (e.g. voluntary work). Another interesting finding was that school students most vulnerable to unemployment are those of ethnic origin, of low socioeconomic status and with an unemployed member of the immediate family. These students also tend to have lower self-esteem and achievement motivation and view the getting of jobs as less important. Growing up with unemployment is the result of a thorough study of the effects of unemployment on young people. Among the book's intended readers are teachers, school counsellors, and anyone dealing with young people. While I agree with these inclusions, I would suggest those readers without a psychology or research background skim through several of the middle chapters of the book. Even with such credentials I found the numerous references to other research and the detail in these sections heavy-going. This book, with its complete account of a decade's worth of study, is beneficial for researchers and highlights important issues for anyone dealing with young people.
Maternal Effects on Offspring Quality in Poeciliid Fishes

SYNOPSIS. We evaluated the effects of maternal environment on offspring size and composition in three species of poeciliid fishes. We chose food availability as the environmental factor for study. Mature females were assigned to either high or low food for an interval of time, then randomly reassigned to high or low food, with the restriction that there be equal numbers in each of four treatments: high-high, high-low, lowhigh, and low-low food availability. The three species chosen for study differ in the pattern of maternal provisioning. Poecilia reticulata and Priapichthys festae mothers provide all resources necessary for development as yolk, prior to fertilization. In contrast, Heterandria formosa mothers continue to provision the young throughout development. These species also differ in whether or not they have superfetation, or the ability to carry multiple broods of young in different stages of development. P. reticulata does not have superfetation while the other two species do. We were interested in whether the pattern of maternal provisioning or superfetation influenced the maternal effect. The two lecithotrophic species responded to low food by producing larger young with greater fat reserves. H. formosa, the matrotrophic species, responded to low food by producing smaller young. We propose that the production of large young in the face of low food availability might represent adaptive plasticity; matrotrophy might represent a constraint that prevents such an adaptive response. Superfetation had no impact on this maternal effect.
Complex Event Processing for the Internet of Things

Complex Event Processing (CEP) enables autonomous and real-time decision making in data management systems. To-day, applications leverage CEP only in cloud-based environments to provide prompt reactions, although data are generated outside the cloud. In particular, the Internet of Things (IoT) will increase the number of data producers that a single IoT application has to handle millions of devices. The centralized data collection before applying data processing introduces a critical bottleneck in current cloud-based solutions, especially for delay-sensitive IoT applications. To overcome this bottleneck, fog computing emerged as a paradigm to process data close to the network edge. However, CEP systems are not yet ready to leverage the fog layer as an extension for cloud-based stream processing. In this paper, we examine how the current system has to adapt to exploit the new capabilities of the fog for CEP. To this end, we analyze principal CEP methodologies and propose new solutions. With this work, we lay the foundation for large-scale in-network CEP applications on top of the IoT.
Self-Supervised Learning Based on Spatial Awareness for Medical Image Analysis

Medical image analysis is one of the research fields that had huge benefits from deep learning in recent years. To earn a good performance, the learning model requires large scale data with full annotation. However, it is a big burden to collect a sufficient number of labeled data for the training. Since there are more unlabeled data than labeled ones in most of medical applications, self-supervised learning has been utilized to improve the performance. However, most of current methods for self-supervised learning try to understand only semantic features of the data, but have not fully utilized properties inherent in medical images. Specifically, in CT or MR images, the spatial or structural information contained in the dataset has not been fully considered. In this paper, we propose a novel method for self-supervised learning in medical image analysis that can exploit both semantic and spatial features at the same time. The proposed method is experimented in the problems of organ segmentation, intracranial hemorrhage detection and the results show the effectiveness of the method.
The Crisis of Global COVID-19 Governance and the Challenge of Liberalism From Error-Tolerantism

In early 2020, a new-type coronavirus of unknown origin attacked Wuhan city. The outbreak of the epidemic coincided with Chinese Spring Festival, a traditional Chinese holiday, and Wuhan, as a national transportation hub with a huge flow of travelers, was faced with a serious challenge of effectively curbing the spread of the virus. On January 23, 2020, Wuhan established the prevention and control headquarters of the new coronavirus infection, which issued a circular, “The city buses, subways, ferries, long-distance buses are suspended. Without due reasons, citizens are not allowed to leave Wuhan, and at the same time, all channels such as airports and railway etc. are temporarily closed” (Department of the CPC Wuhan Municipal Committee, The crisis of COVID-19 governance in Western countries has demonstrated inherent defects of the concept of freedom defined by liberalists. Error-Tolerantism integrating liberalism with China’s cultures divides the right to freedom into two categories: The right to freedom in the innovative fields is the right to be wrong as an original right; and those to freedom in the non-innovative fields are the subordinate rights. Rights come from mutual empowerment between people. The right theory of Error-Tolerantism called error-tolerant rights paradigm is the right to be wrong as an original right and mutual empowerment theory. The first defect of liberalism is that the Western media criticized China’s right to be wrong as an original right in the governance of COVID-19 by turning to the rights to freedom at the subordinate level in the context of non-COVID-19. The second defect is its failure to realize that the rational implementation of the right to be wrong as an original right will produce new subordinate rights. The number of people infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan dropping to zero indicates that new subordinate rights to freedom, such as keeping social distance, wearing face masks in public places, showing health codes, etc., have been formed and confirmed. Error-Tolerantism holds that the definition of freedom by liberalists lacks dynamics, leading to the confusion in understanding the idea of freedom and various illegal actions endangering public security, such as traveling, gathering, or demonstrating without wearing masks during the pandemic.
Understanding and supporting children and young people with eating disorders

Eating disorders can have devastating effects on individuals and families. Maddie Burton explains the crucial role practice nurses can play in identifying and supporting patients Children and young people's mental health conditions have continued to increase. The NHS Digital 2017 survey found that 1 in 8 children have a diagnosable mental health condition. During the current COVID-19 pandemic numbers are set to increase. Eating disorders make up a relatively small proportion of these statistics but have some of the most devastating effects on individuals and families. Anorexia nervosa, as discussed here, has the highest morbidity of any mental health condition. The issues are complex and a challenge to understand for both professionals and families, over typically a protracted period of illness. However, all work with children, young people and their families presents a ‘window of opportunity’ in being able to resolve issues within a developmental phase prior to the more concrete adult phase. The risk is highest for young people between the ages of 13 and 17 years. There are several theoretical models that aid understanding of how and why eating disorders emerge and are maintained. Practice nurses in primary care can have a crucial role in early identification and can be found to be less stigmatising than mental health professionals. Practice nurses can have an ongoing role in remaining involved with the young person and their family and as part of the wider specialist support system.
A Variational Surface-Evolution Perspective for Optimal Transport between Densities with Differing Compact Support

We examine the optimal mass transport problem in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ between densities having independent compact support by considering the geometry of a continuous interpolating support boundary in space-time within which the mass density evolves according to the fluid dynamical framework of Benamou and Brenier. We treat the geometry of this space--time embedding in terms of points, vectors, and sets in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\! =\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{R}^{n}$ and blend the mass density and velocity as well into a space-time solenoidal vector field ${\bf W}\;|\;{\bf \Omega\subset}\mathbb{R}^{n+1}\! \to\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ over compact sets ${\bf \Omega}$ . We then formulate a coupled gradient descent approach containing separate evolution steps for $\partial{\bf \Omega}$ and ${\bf W}$.
Knowledge Graph Imputation

Knowledge graphs are one of the most important resources of information in many applications such as question answering and social networks. These knowledge graphs however, are often far from complete as there are so many missing properties and links between entities. This greatly affects their usefulness in applications that they are used in. Many methods have been proposed to alleviate this problem. One of the most prominent and studied subjects in this area are the graph embedding and link prediction methods. However, these methods only consider the relations between entities in knowledge graphs and completely ignore their literal values and properties that account for 41% of the facts in the knowledge graph YAGO4. They also do not scale for large knowledge graphs and their inference process for imputing missing links is by nature quadratic with respect to the number of entities in the knowledge graph. Furthermore, the embedding vectors that represent entities and relations might not be able to capture information that is necessary for inference for millions of entities that exist in large-scale knowledge graphs. We present a novel method based on the HoloClean’s framework — a powerful cleaning tool for relational data. Our system is designed based on the open-source HoloClean and can be used to integrate multiple and different signals from various knowledge graph completion methods which allows us to holistically tackle this problem. We have done a thorough experiment on the YAGO4 dataset with 5M entities and 20M facts and we were able to enlarge the knowledge graph by roughly 12% with an average reconstruction precision of 0.81 on 162 different classes.
Ultrasound Elastography in Liver Tissue: Current Status

: Chronic liver disease is common in China and worldwide, with liver fibrosis as the primary pathological finding. Any chronic liver disease can lead to hepatic fibrosis and gradually develop into cirrhosis. Complications, such as portal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, and liver failure can occur. Some patients even develop hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, timely diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis is vital for the assessment of etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Conventional ultrasound imaging shows low sensitivity with its subjectivity for preliminary diagnosis of liver fibrosis, creating limitations in qualitative and quantitative evaluation. Ultrasound elastography is a recently developed technique that can help overcome these limitations. The elastic imaging method combines conventional ultrasound to assess liver stiffness along with routine examination. This "one-stop" check for liver disease opens new prospects for clinical and scientific research and improves the accuracy of disease diagnosis for broad clinical application. This article will review the current status of ultrasound elastography for its applications in chronic liver diseases.
The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information

Every day, corporations are connecting the dots about our personal behaviorsilently scrutinizing clues left behind by our work habits and Internet use. The data compiled and portraits created are incredibly detailed, to the point of being invasive. But who connects the dots about what firms are doing with this information? The Black Box Society argues that we all need to be able to do soand to set limits on how big data affects our lives. Hidden algorithms can make (or ruin) reputations, decide the destiny of entrepreneurs, or even devastate an entire economy. Shrouded in secrecy and complexity, decisions at major Silicon Valley and Wall Street firms were long assumed to be neutral and technical. But leaks, whistleblowers, and legal disputes have shed new light on automated judgment. Self-serving and reckless behavior is surprisingly common, and easy to hide in code protected by legal and real secrecy. Even after billions of dollars of fines have been levied, underfunded regulators may have only scratched the surface of this troubling behavior. Frank Pasquale exposes how powerful interests abuse secrecy for profit and explains ways to rein them in. Demanding transparency is only the first step. An intelligible society would assure that key decisions of its most important firms are fair, nondiscriminatory, and open to criticism. Silicon Valley and Wall Street need to accept as much accountability as they impose on others.
PEM Fuel Cells: Theory and Practice

Demand for fuel cell technology is growing rapidly. Fuel cells are being commercialized to provide power to buildings like hospitals and schools, to replace batteries in portable electronic devices, and as replacements for internal combustion engines in vehicles. PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cells are lighter, smaller, and more efficient than other types of fuel cell. As a result, over 80 per cent of fuel cells being produced today are PEM cells. This new edition of Dr. Barbir's groundbreaking book still lays the groundwork for engineers, technicians and students better than any other resource, covering fundamentals of design, electrochemistry, heat and mass transport, as well as providing the context of system design and applications. Yet it now also provides invaluable information on the latest advances in modeling, diagnostics, materials, and components, along with an updated chapter on the evolving applications areas wherein PEM cells are being deployed. This comprehensive guide covers all aspects of PEM fuel cells, from theory and fundamentals to practical applications. It provides solutions to heat and water management problems engineers must face when designing and implementing PEM fuel cells in systems. Hundreds of original illustrations, real-life engineering examples, and end-of-chapter problems help clarify, contextualize, and aid understanding.
Likelihood ascent search‐aided low complexity improved performance massive MIMO detection in perfect and imperfect channel state information

Massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems improve spectral efficiency and link reliability. Linear minimum mean‐squared error (MMSE) detectors can achieve optimal performance in massive MIMO detection but require large dimension matrix inversion, which is computationally intensive. Therefore, low complexity iterative detection schemes are proposed in the literature as an alternative to the exact MMSE method. However, the performance of these schemes is greatly influenced by the choice of the initial solution. Therefore, to improve the detection performance in this paper, we proposed three hybrid detection schemes, which are Newton–Schultz–Richardson (NS‐RI), Newton–Schultz–Chebyshev (NS‐Cheby), and Newton–Schultz–Gauss–Seidel (NS‐GS). The proposed hybrid schemes show significant performance improvement and a higher convergence rate compared to their original counterpart. The performance of the proposed detectors is further improved by the likelihood ascent search (LAS) stage, which corrects the detected symbols obtained from iterative MMSE methods through a neighborhood search. However, the complexity of the LAS algorithm primarily depends on the initialization step. In this work, we introduce an efficient Gram matrix computation in the real domain. Additionally, we have applied a band approximation of the Gram matrix for the LAS initialization, which reduces the order of computational complexity of the Gram matrix from O(NT2NR) to O(ωNTNR) where ω < <2NT.
Fat transformation of the tissue of the single left kidney 10 years after treatment of renal cell carcinoma of both kidneys

Renal cell carcinoma morbidity grows in most of countries. All over the world 200,000 new cases are diagnosed every year, and approximately 102,000 patients die of this disease, with an incidence of nearly nine cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. That’s why, renal cell carcinoma is a challenging field in the current oncology research. Among urologic tumors, renal cell carcinoma ranks third in terms of incidence after prostate carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Renal cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90–95% of neoplasms arising from the kidney. Bilateral renal cell carcinoma (BRCC) is a rare disease with poor prognosis which accounts for 2–6% of all cases of renal cell carcinoma. Only a few case reports and series with a small number of patients with bilateral renal cell carcinoma can be found in the literature. We present an interesting clinical case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma with a total survival rate of more than 10 years.