Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanics of fault distribution and localization in high-porosity sands, Provence, France

Abstract Excellent quarry exposures have been studied to examine the controls on the growth of fault networks in Cretaceous high-porosity sands. An inverse correlation is found at any one locality between the frequency of faults of an earlier tectonic event and the frequency of later faults. The early faults are cataclastic deformation bands with displacements typically up to 300 mm, and have thicknesses approaching their displacements. Later faults are also deformation bands except where present within a high-frequency array of earlier faults, where they are typically clustered high-displacement ultracataclasite zones that are narrower (smaller width/displacement ratios) than for the deformation band faults. A mechanical model using critical state soil mechanics explains the observed distributions and fault zone characteristics in terms of strength changes in the deforming sand unit and the stress path by which the material is subjected to ‘clastic’–plastic yielding. Localized faulting by constant-volume cataclastic flow at the critical state line will result in deviatoric stress reduction as Coulomb plasticity softening occurs within the fault zone. Elastic unloading of the walls will suppress the continued formation of deformation bands. The point at which the stress state reaches the critical state line, governed by the stress state and position of the ‘clastic’–plastic yield envelope, is therefore crucial in controlling the final distribution of deformation bands and larger faults in the system. Within this framework, the field and microstructural data suggest that earlier deformation became distributed by hardening processes such as compaction and grain-size reduction, resulting in a higher bulk yield strength. In a later tectonic event, the unit behaves in a stronger manner and deformation quickly localizes by fault zone softening processes into fewer fault zones that individually grow larger.
Uncertainties in the global source distribution of nitrous oxide

Inventories with 1°×1° resolution were compiled of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from fertilized arable land, animal excreta, postclearing effects on soil emissions, fossil fuel and fuelwood combustion, and industrial N2O sources. For other sources of N2O, including soils under natural vegetation, oceans, and biomass burning, published inventories were used. From these inventories the annual N2O emission was calculated for four broad latitudinal zones covering the globe. Uncertainties were assessed by comparing variants of inventories with source estimates inferred from inverse modeling techniques. Major uncertainties occur in the tropics, where small errors in both soil and oceanic emission estimates may have large repercussions for the zonal distributions. Although there may still be many poorly known and unidentified N2O sources, the analysis has resulted in improved understanding of some sources, i.e., (1) the oceanic N2O emission may be more important than assumed in recent global N2O budgets, with a major portion stemming from the 30°–90°S zone; (2) the N2O emission from animal excreta forms a significant global source; (3) most of the N2O from arable lands and grasslands, including effects of synthetic fertilizers and animal excreta, comes from the northern hemisphere; accounting for only the synthetic-fertilizer effect on N2O emission leads to an underestimation of the emission from arable lands; (4) fossil fuel combustion and industrial N2O sources are dominant in the 30°–90°N zone, while N2O from fuelwood combustion is mainly produced in the 0°–30°N zone; (5) the estimation of enhanced N2O soil emission following tropical forest clearing that has accounted for gradually declining N2O fluxes, along with aging of the clearing leads to a global emission that is significant but lower than previous estimates; (6) most of the N2O from coastal marine and freshwater systems and soil N2O emission resulting from N deposition probably comes from the northern hemisphere.
Assessment of Concentration and Variations Due to Seasonal Effect on the Presence of Heavy Metals in the Water of Upper Lake, Bhopal

Water is the most precious gift of nature and is a valued natural resource for the existence of living beings. Management of this natural resource is thus of utmost importance. The present study was carried out to determine the presence of a few heavy metals viz, lead, chromium, copper and mercury in the various samples of Upper Lake, Bhopal. The samples were analyzed during both the pre-monsoon and the post-monsoon season. From the observations it was concluded that a general increase in the concentration was observed in the post monsoon season due to surface runoff coming into the lake water in the rainy season.
It's a matter of size: Magnitude and moment estimates for microseismic data

Microseismic mapping is a valuable tool for assessing hydraulic fracture stimulations. During a stimulation treatment, borehole, near-surface, or surface geophones record passive seismic data. The microseismic events are thought to be shear failures that occur around the opening of a tensile hydraulic fracture as it grows. Over the past several years, there has been a large growth in the number of hydraulic fracture monitoring surveys, along with the number of vendors who acquire and process microseismic data. Here we discuss two attributes of microseismic data which are associated with the size of the passive event: seismic moment and magnitude.
Clinical and pharmacologic features of monoclonal antibodies and checkpoint blockade therapy in multiple myeloma

Background : Survival of MM patients has considerably improved in the last decades thanks to the various effective treatment options available today, including immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies. Methods : We analyzed the most recent literature and we focused on the clinical and pharmacologic aspects of monoclonal antibody-based therapies in myeloma, including monoclonal antibodies directed against plasma cell antigens, as well as checkpoint blockade therapy directed against immune inhibitory molecules, used as single agents or in combination therapy. Results : Monoclonal antibodies directed against plasma cell antigens showed unprecedented results when combined with consolidated multiple myeloma backbone therapies. They can act specifically on MM cells, but also on the immune system. Multiple myeloma is characterized by a profound immune impairment, leading to the inability to identify and eliminate neoplastic cells. Monoclonal antibodies directed against plasma cell antigens that are also expressed on immune cells, and monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoint molecules can boost the antitumor immunity and potentially reduce the profound immune impairment. This effect is more evident when these drugs are combined with immunomodulatory agents. Conclusion : Monoclonal antibodies represent the next step in MM treatment, and future results from ongoing trials will further confirm their role. Abstract Background : Survival of MM patients has considerably improved in the last decades thanks to the various effective treatment options available today, including immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies. Methods : We analyzed the most recent literature and we focused on the clinical and pharmacologic aspects of monoclonal antibody-based therapies in myeloma, including monoclonal antibodies directed against plasma cell antigens, as well as checkpoint blockade therapy directed against immune inhibitory molecules, used as single agents or in combination therapy. Results : Monoclonal antibodies directed against plasma cell antigens showed unprecedented results when combined with consolidated multiple myeloma backbone therapies. They can act specifically on MM cells, but also on the immune system. Multiple myeloma is characterized by a profound immune impairment, leading to the inability to identify and eliminate neoplastic cells. Monoclonal antibodies directed against plasma cell antigens that are also expressed on immune cells, and monoclonal antibodies directed against immune checkpoint molecules can boost the antitumor immunity and potentially reduce the profound immune impairment. This effect is more evident when these drugs are combined with immunomodulatory agents. Conclusion : Monoclonal antibodies represent the next step in MM treatment, and future results from ongoing trials will further confirm their role.
A low-cost glacier-mapping system

Abstract An old portable 60 MHz radar has been upgraded with a new digital data-processing and -acquisition system and a new antenna construction enabling a fast and low-cost installation on a Twin Otter aircraft. Augmented by a laser altimeter and kinematic global positioning system (GPS), the system has the capability of acquiring accurate data on location and ice-surface elevation, and adequate-quality data on ice thickness. The system has been applied successfully in mapping the Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glacier, northeast Greenland, in spite of the difficult conditions with melting water on the glacier surface. The measurements from the floating part of the glacier have been evaluated by comparison of radar data with laser-altimeter and in situ measurements.
Effector mechanisms of IgA antibodies against CD20 include recruitment of myeloid cells for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)

(F), (G) Ca 2+- dependency and (H) heat sensitivity of CDC. Results of at least three independent experiments are presented as mean ± SEM of “absorption [OD492]” in (A), “specific lysis [%]” in (B, C, F+G), or “relative specific lysis [%]” in (D, E). Significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) between CD20-directed and control antibodies are indicated by *, between 1F5-IgA2 and 1F5-IgG1 by +. (I) and (J) In vivo efficacy of 1F5-IgG and –IgA2 in depleting syngeneic B cells from the spleen of mice was determined as described (Beers, et 2008). Results are presented as mean ± SEM of “T: NT ratio”. Significant differences (p ≤ 7 0.001) between CD20-directed and control antibodies are indicated by ***.
Full Waveform Inversion Around the World

An accurate earth model is key to any successful depth imaging project. FWI is an advanced velocity model building process that uses the full two-way wave equation and overcomes the limitations of existing methods that use a ray-tracing approach to distribute velocity errors within the model. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) has long been considered by the industry to be the next logical step in deriving detailed velocity models. The availability of low-frequency, long-offset data sets and increased compute power has now allowed FWI to become the preferred method for building detailed velocity models. In this presentation, we will show examples of imaging improvements obtained with FWI velocity models from different geological environments around the world
Culture and Moral Judgment: How Are Conflicts between Justice and Interpersonal Responsibilities Resolved?

A 2-session study examined Indian and American adults' and children's (N = 140) reasoning about moral dilemmas involving conflicts between interpersonal and justice expectations. Most Indians gave priority to the interpersonal expectations, whereas most Americans gave priority to the justice expectations. Indians tended to categorize their conflict resolutions in moral terms. In contrast, when Americans gave priority to the interpersonal alternatives, they tended to categorize their resolutions in personal terms. Results imply that Indians possess a postconventional moral code in which interpersonal responsibilities are seen in as fully principled terms as justice obligations and may be accorded precedence over justice obligations. Findings also suggest that a personal morality of interpersonal responsiveness and caring is linked to highly rights-oriented cultural views, such as those emphasized in the United States. Psychological theorists have tended to assume that a dichot-omy exists between the moral status of justice 1 and of benefi-cence and role-related interpersonal responsibilities (i.e., obligations to be responsive to another's wants or needs that arise, in part, from in-group identity). Contrasting frameworks have been adopted to provide a philosophical grounding for this and related claims. Kohlberg and others have drawn on philosophical arguments within the Kantian tradition to posit that benefi-cence obligations lack certain formal properties characterizing justice obligations and therefore should logically be subordinate to justice obligations in situations in which the two types of expectations conflictgan and her colleagues have drawn on other conceptual frameworks to provide a philosophical grounding for their claims that interpersonal responsibilities represent an alternative type of morality, distinct from the morality of justice, although not necessarily subordinate to it (e. In comparing the priority that Americans and Indians give to justice and interpersonal obligations , the present study provides a cross-cultural empirical examination of these assertions. Philosophical arguments focused on the differential characteristics of beneficence and justice have been used by Kohlberg and others to support the claim that obligations to be responsive to another's needs are secondary to justice obligations It has been noted that, in contrast to justice obligations, which can be fulfilled merely by not violating another's rights (e.g., "do not harm innocent others," and "distribute goods in a fair manner"), beneficence obligations prescribe acts of commission that go beyond those dictated by another's rights (e.g., "help needy others"). Beneficence obligations, therefore, it has been argued, must be limited in scope to avoid overtaxing the 1 Adopting the definition used by …
Seismotectonics of the easternmost transverse ranges, California: Relevance for seismic potential of the southern San Andreas Fault

Earthquake locations, depths and focal mechanisms from the Southern California Regional Network (1977–1985) are used to identify the orientation and sense of slip of active subsurface faults in the Easternmost Transverse Ranges (ETR). The ETR are separated from the Salton Trough province by the southernmost strands of the San Andreas fault (SAF). Much of the seismicity in the ETR is concentrated well northeast of the SAF at relatively shallow depths under the Little San Bernardino Mountains. Many of these earthquakes reflect slip on steeply dipping, left-lateral faults striking northeast to east, at relatively high angles to the adjacent SAF. Focal mechanisms in the ETR show predominantly strike-slip, normal, or oblique-normal faulting, and share common near-horizontal T axes striking WNW. P axes range from near vertical to near horizontal and strike mostly NNE. In contrast, reverse and strike-slip focal mechanisms that exhibit persistent north trending, near-horizontal P axes characterize the San Gorgonio Pass area immediately to the west. These different patterns of strain geometries are inferred to represent changes in local stress regime and clearly establish a boundary between contrasting tectonic styles of contemporary secondary deformation along the SAF. This boundary, which in the Coachella Valley may be the Mission Creek fault, is also distinguished by abrupt changes in (1) rate and depth of seismic activity; (2) topography; (3) Quaternary vertical deformation; (4) strikes and dips of major branches of the SAF; and (5) seismic velocities in the crust and upper mantle. The preponderance of secondary normal faulting in the ETR versus secondary reverse faulting in the San Gorgonio Pass region suggests that fault-normal stress is much less across the SAF adjacent to the ETR. If a friction law where strength is proportional to normal stress applies to the SAF, then a smaller tectonic shear stress would be required tor slip in large earthquakes along the Salton Trough segment. In this case, the southernmost SAF may have shorter repeat times, smaller average displacements, and lower moment release rates than earthquakes that rupture through the major restraining bend in San Gorgonio Pass.
Settling into and moving in a climate of care: styles and patterns of interaction between nurse psychotherapists and clients.

PURPOSE To study nonverbal manifestations of rapport between nurse psychotherapists and clients. METHODS A phenomenological investigation of eight pairs of nurse psychotherapists and clients was completed using video-cued narrative recall. FINDINGS Emotional congruence, physical mirroring of gestures, postures, expressions, and shared cadences were significant to the participants. Matching behaviors were responsive, not technique-driven, and occurred only at meaningful junctures. Matching behaviors showed up simultaneously and as turn-taking responses, and felt genuine because they incorporated imperfection and were expressed in varied ways. Settling into the climate of the client's world and matching her response helped the nurse therapist shape intervention possibilities, create a comfortable sense of timing, and establish rapport. CONCLUSIONS Video-cued narrative recall was an effective research strategy.
A Comparison of Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine and New England Shelf Tidal Dynamics

Abstract The semidiurnal tidal currents associated with the near-resonant response of the Gulf of Maine-Bay of Fundy system are amplified over the relatively shallow depths of Georges Bank, thus leading to enhanced energy dissipation, vertical mixing and secondary flows on the Bank. Within the western Gulf of Maine the tidal sea level amplitudes are larger but currents are less energetic than those observed on Georges Bank, while on the New England shelf the tidal response is the least energetic of the three regions. In this paper we explore some of the details of the tidal dynamics in these three very different tidal regimes by estimating terms in the volume-integrated momentum equations using observations of current and bottom pressure. The computations are performed for the M2 semidiurnal tidal constituent, which is the dominant tide in all of the regions, and are presented in terms of an instantaneous “stress” balance. Results show that in the across-isobath direction on George Bank the M2 inertial te.
HPID : The Human Protein Interaction Database ¶

Summary: The Human Protein Interaction Database (HPID; http://www.hpid.org) was designed 1) to provide human protein interaction information pre-computed from existing structural and experimental data, 2) to predict potential interactions between proteins submitted by users, and 3) to provide a depository for new human protein interaction data from users. Two types of interaction are available from the pre-computed data and from online predictions: 1) interactions at the protein superfamily level, and 2) those transferred from the interactions of yeast proteins. Interactions at the superfamily level were obtained by locating known structural interactions of the PDB in the SCOP domains and identifying homologs of the domains in the human proteins. Interactions transferred from yeast proteins were obtained by identifying homologs of the yeast proteins in the human proteins. For each human protein in the database and each query submitted by users, the protein superfamilies and yeast proteins assigned to the protein are shown, along with their interacting partners. We have also developed a set of web-based programs so that users can visualize and analyze protein interaction networks in order to explore the networks further. Availability: http://www.hpid. org Contact: khan@inha.ac. kr The last three years have witnessed a great expansion of protein interaction data due to the development of high-throughput interaction detection methods. Genome-wide protein interactions have been analyzed in several organisms, notably yeast and Helicobacter pylori (Ito et al. 2000; Rain et al. 2001) by yeast two-hybrid (Gavin et al. 2002) and mass spectrometry techniques. However, direct determination of the interactions between the ¶ This work was supported by the Ministry of Information and Communication of Korea under grant number IMT2000-C3-4. Bioinfor matics © Oxford University Press 2004; all rights reserved. Bioinformatics Advance Access published April 29, 2004
III.—The Drumlin Topography of South Donegal

Most people who have lived in strongly glaciated countries are familiar with the topographic features known as drumlins. They are more or less elongated hills of boulder-clay with their long axes parallel to the direction of ice-motion. The literature dealing with them is extensive, but for the most part rather unsatisfactory. Their mode of formation is entirely a matter of speculation and is likely to remain so. There is every reason to believe they are deepseated products of the ice, so that observation of the process in modern ice-sheets is impossible. The only available means of getting at the truth is by careful observation of the peculiarities of form and structure exhibited by these features in the areas where they are most characteristically developed.
The Claps of Luc-en-Diois (Drôme, SE France): evaluation of a lake fill volume based on a morphological model

The Claps Lake near Luc-en-Diois is a naturally dammed palaeo-lake fed by the Drome River sediment load during the Little Ice Age (LIA). The present assessment is based on a valley reconstruction using a geomorphic model. It illustrates the potentiality and limits of the geomorphic analysis to accurately predict the buried topography. This method indeed may help to reduce the prospecting work required in classical evaluations of fill volumes of such natural dams. The lake was rapidly filled with sediments, indicating enhanced erosion of the watershed during the LIA. Several studies have attempted to quantify the volume of the lake fill and use it to assess erosion rates during the LIA. Very little is known, however, about the geometry of the buried valley. Estimated lake volumes and erosion rates vary depending on how the buried valley is reconstructed and what correcting factors are used for calculating erosion rates. The present assessment is based on a valley reconstruction using a geomorphic model calibrated by the surrounding drainage network, as well as the introduction of correcting factors that improve the corrections applied in the previous works. The resulting lake volume is 71-81.106 m3, and the mean erosion rate at 0.7-1.2 mm.yr-1, a high value compared to previous estimates. This rate is compared to the results obtained by various methods and over different timescales in the surrounding region.
Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon under Varying Moisture Levels using Reflectance Spectroscopy

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 78:958–967 doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.09. 0408 Received 21 Sept. 2013. *Corresponding author (Eduardo.Rienzi@uky.edu). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Prediction of Soil Organic Carbon under Varying Moisture Levels using Reflectance Spectroscopy Soil & Water Management & Conservation