Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of the temperate coral Cladocora caespitosa to mid- and long-term exposure to p CO 2 and temperature levels projected for the year 2100 AD

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) is expected to increase to 700 μatm or more by the end of the present century. Anthropogenic CO2 is absorbed by the oceans, leading to decreases in pH and the CaCO3 saturation state (Ω) of the seawater. Elevated pCO2 was shown to drastically decrease calcification rates in tropical zooxanthellate corals. Here we show, using the Mediterranean zooxanthellate coral Cladocora caespitosa, that an increase in pCO2, in the range predicted for 2100, does not reduce its calcification rate. Therefore, the conventional belief that calcification rates will be affected by ocean acidification may not be widespread in temperate corals. Seasonal change in temperature is the predominant factor controlling photosynthesis, respiration, calcification and symbiont density. An increase in pCO2, alone or in combination with elevated temperature, had no significant effect on photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency and calcification. The lack of sensitivity C. caespitosa to elevated pCO2 might be due to its slow growth rates, which seem to be more dependent on temperature than on the saturation state of calcium carbonate in the range projected for the end of the century.
Wet snow avalanche deposits in the french alps: structure and sedimentology

We analyse the morphology and sedimentology of 25 dirty snow avalanche deposits in the French Alps. The deposits typically have either a snow‐ball structure or a massive structure with sliding planes. The snow balls show a longitudinal and a vertical sorting that reflects a sieve effect, similar to that observed in other rapid inertial granular flows. The massive type results from snow compaction when the avalanche is channelled by a gully or when it reaches the distal part of the scree. Velocity decrease and compaction limit the deformation to a zone at the base of the snow mass and cause the formation of distinctive sliding planes. These appear as smooth recrystallised surfaces due to local melt from frictional heating. The flow can be assimilated to a frictional granular flow. No systematic variation of size and shape of the rock debris has been observed along the profiles in both types of deposit. The distribution of rock debris and its fabric suggest that the clasts are transported passively and do not undergo any sorting during displacement. Snow melt after avalanching causes a redistribution of rock debris particularly when the snow thickness is important. This redistribution does not generate new sedimentological characteristics such as enhanced sorting or fabric.
LUNAR FERROAN ANORTHOSITES : MINERALOGY, COMPOSITIONAL VARIATIONS, AND PETROGENESIS

Detailed petrologic study of a suite of lunar ferroan anorthosites indicates that their mineral compositional variations are generally consistent with derivation of these anorthosites from a common parent magma. There are continuous compositional variations in major elements and smooth trends in minor elements (Mg, Fe in plagioclase; Al, Ti, Cr in pyroxene). Relict textures, zoning, and possible primary trends of mineral compositional variations are preserved in many of the anorthosites. The presence of heterogeneous, bimodal, and/or trimodal pyroxene compositions suggests that some of the anorthosites are polymict rocks; however, they are composed entirely of ferroan-anorthosite-suite lithologies. Some aspects of the mineral composition data suggest that complex processes operated during formation of the ferroan anorthosites. The lack of a well-defined, positive or negative trend of pyroxene Mg/(Mg + Fe) versus plagioclase anorthite content, the homogenization of mineral compositions in some anorthosites, and the varied and apparently enriched Mn contents of pyroxenes in some anorthosites suggest that original igneous compositional characteristics have been altered during and/or after crystallization. Processes operative during anorthosite formation may have included some mixing of different melts, trapping of variable amounts of intercumulus liquid, postcrystallization redistribution of elements, or perturbations both during adcumulus growth and subsequent to crystallization by impact events. FeO and MgO contents of the highly calcic plagioclase typical of these anorthosites suggest that the plagioclase-melt distribution coefficients for these elements need to be reassessed.
Transmission electron microscopy study of aerosol particles from the brown hazes in northern China

[1] Airborne aerosol collections were performed in urban areas of Beijing that were affected by regional brown haze episodes over northern China from 31 May to 12 June 2007. Morphologies, elemental compositions, and mixing states of 810 individual aerosol particles of different sizes were obtained by transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The phases of some particles were verified using selected-area electron diffraction. Aerosol particle types less than 10 μm in diameter include mineral, complex secondary (Ca-S, K-, and S-rich), organic, soot, fly ash, and metal (Fe-rich and Zn-bearing). Most soot, fly ash, and organic particles are less than 2 μm in diameter. Approximately 84% of the analyzed mineral particles have diameters between 2 and 10 μm, while 81% of the analyzed complex secondary and metal particles are much smaller, from 0.1 to 2 μm. Trajectory analysis with fire maps show that southerly air masses arriving at Beijing have been transported through many agricultural biomass burning sites and heavy industrial areas. Spherical fly ash and Fe-rich particles were from industrial emissions, and abundant K-rich and organic particles likely originated from field burning of crop residues. Abundant Zn-bearing particles are associated with industrial activities and local waste incinerators. On the basis of the detailed analysis of 443 analyzed aerosol particles, about 70% of these particles are internally mixed with two or more aerosol components from different sources. Most mineral particles are covered with visible coatings that contain N, O, Ca (or Mg), minor S, and Cl. K- and S-rich particles tend to be coagulated with fly ash, soot, metal, and fine-grained mineral particles. Organic materials internally mixed with K- and S-rich particles can be their inclusions and coatings.
Vision-Based Window Estimation for MAV in Unknown Urban Environments

This paper addresses the issue of window estimation of a micro Air Vehicle (MAV) in unknown urban environments. The MAV is required to navigate from an initial and outdoor position to a final position inside a building. This paper develops two vision-based methods using the information provided by the onboard vision system. To effectively identify the target and estimate the distance between the camera carrier and target, firstly a stereo camera system is applied. Besides, we propose another approach using point cloud captured by a RGB-D camera.
Pain management in cancer surgery: Global inequities and strategies to address them

Among patients undergoing surgical oncologic operations, patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries are at particularly high risk for inadequate perioperative analgesia. This article reviews some of the guiding pillars of pain management for cancer surgery, including use of regional analgesia and acute pain service consultation, multimodal adjunctive analgesia, and judicious opioid use while presenting data on international disparities for each pillar and proposing strategies to address these inequities.
An update on the global trends in the burden of primary liver cancers

Liver cancer (LC) remains one of the major causes of cancer‐related mortality worldwide. The Incidence, mortality, and prevalence associated with primary LCs were analyzed over the past decade, using GLOBOCAN 2012 and 2020, to understand the trends related to geographic and socioeconomic factors. While total cases of primary LCs continue to rise, global rates of LC incidence and mortality are slowing, mostly driven by changes seen in historically endemic regions.
Antimicrobial Peptidomimetics Prevent the Development of Resistance against Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas Bacteria

Bacteria readily acquire resistance to traditional antibiotics, resulting in pan-resistant strains with no available treatment. Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge and without the development of effective antimicrobials, the foundation of modern medicine is at risk. Combination therapies such as antibiotic–antibiotic and antibiotic–adjuvant combinations are strategies used to combat antibiotic resistance. Current research focuses on antimicrobial peptidomimetics as adjuvant compounds, due to their promising activity against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that antibiotic–peptidomimetic combinations mitigate the development of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were passaged individually at sub-inhibitory concentrations for 10 days, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) increased up to 32-fold and 128-fold for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. In contrast, when antibiotics were passaged in combination with peptidomimetics (Melimine, Mel4, RK758), the MICs of both antibiotics and peptidomimetics remained constant, indicating these combinations were able to mitigate the development of antibiotic-resistance. Furthermore, antibiotic–peptidomimetic combinations demonstrated synergistic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, reducing the concentration needed for bactericidal activity. This has significant potential clinical applications—including preventing the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains in hospitals and communities, reviving ineffective antibiotics, and lowering the toxicity of antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Human Recognition Using Ear Features: A Review

Over the past few years, ear biometrics has attracted a lot of attention. It is a trusted biometric for the identification and recognition of humans due to its consistent shape and rich texture variation. The ear presents an attractive solution since it is visible, ear images are easily captured, and the ear structure remains relatively stable over time. In this paper, a comprehensive review of prior research was conducted to establish the efficacy of utilizing ear features for individual identification through the employment of both manually-crafted features and deep-learning approaches. The objective of this model is to present the accuracy rate of person identification systems based on either manually-crafted features such as DCT, DWT, DFT, PCA, LBP, SURF, SIFT, etc., or deep learning techniques such as CNN, DNN, Alex Net CNN, VGG-16, SVM, Squeeze Net, Google Net, MobileNetV2, etc. The effort will make it easier for researchers, especially those who are new to the field, to have a brief understanding of the trend of employing deep learning in a trustworthy biometric for the identification and recognition of human identification.
Discrimination of iron alteration minerals in visible and near‐infrared reflectance data

Field and laboratory studies were conducted to relate the mineralogy of rock and soil samples containing hematite (α-Fe2O3), goethite (α-FeOOH), and jarosite (KFe3(SO4)2(OH)6) to their reflectance properties in visible and near-infrared wavelengths. Field reflectance measurements of regolith containing one or more of these minerals were made in the Goldfield, Nevada, mining district with a four-channel radiometer. The mineralogy and reflectance properties of regolith samples collected from these field measurement sites were then determined by laboratory studies. Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to identify the iron minerals present and their relative proportions. The reflectance spectra of samples containing hematite and goethite were characterized by a reflectance minimum near 900 nm. The location of this minimum could be accounted for by the relative proportions of hematite and goethite present in the samples. Under certain conditions it may be feasible to estimate the relative proportions of hematite and goethite on the earth's surface by determining the location of this near-infrared reflectance minimum in high spectral resolution remote sensing data. In addition, the field measurements suggest that the ratio of band passes at 852 and 982 nm may be used to distinguish qualitatively among hematite, goethite, and jarosite. Thus maps of the distribution of these minerals may be derived from scanner images acquired in those band passes.
The Impact of University English Teachers' Personal Teaching Styles on the Formation of Students' English Learning Habits

: English language learning plays a crucial role in today's globalized world, making it imperative to understand the factors that influence language learners' habits and behaviors. This study investigates the relationship between university English teachers' teaching styles and students' English learning habits. A mixed-method research design was employed, incorporating qualitative in-depth interviews with English teachers and a structured survey administered to a diverse group of English language students.this study sheds light on the crucial role of teaching styles in shaping students' English learning habits. By recognizing the impact of instructional approaches on learning behaviors, language educators can tailor their teaching methods to create more enriching and conducive learning environments, ultimately promoting successful language learning outcomes.
A modeling approach to investigate drivers, variability and uncertainties in O2 fluxes and O2 : CO2 exchange ratios in a temperate forest

Abstract. The O2 : CO2 exchange ratio (ER) between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is a key parameter for partitioning global ocean and land carbon fluxes. The long-term terrestrial ER is considered to be close to 1.10 mol of O2 consumed per mole of CO2 produced. Due to the technical challenge in measuring directly the ER of entire terrestrial ecosystems (EReco), little is known about variations in ER at hourly and seasonal scales, as well as how different components contribute to EReco. In this modeling study, we explored the variability in and drivers of EReco and evaluated the hypothetical uncertainty in determining ecosystem O2 fluxes based on current instrument precision. We adapted the one-dimensional, multilayer atmosphere–biosphere gas exchange model “CANVEG” to simulate hourly EReco from modeled O2 and CO2 fluxes in a temperate beech forest in Germany. We found that the modeled annual mean EReco ranged from 1.06 to 1.12 mol mol−1 within the 5-year study period. Hourly EReco showed strong variations over diel and seasonal cycles and within the vertical canopy profile. The determination of ER from O2 and CO2 mole fractions in air above and within the canopy (ERconc) varied between 1.115 and 1.15 mol mol−1. CANVEG simulations also indicated that ecosystem O2 fluxes could be derived with the flux-gradient method using measured vertical gradients in scalar properties, as well as fluxes of CO2, sensible heat and latent energy derived from eddy covariance measurements. Owing to measurement uncertainties, however, the uncertainty in estimated O2 fluxes derived with the flux-gradient approach could be as high as 15 µmol m−2 s−1, which represented the 90 % quantile of the uncertainty in hourly data with a high-accuracy instrument. We also demonstrated that O2 fluxes can be used to partition net CO2 exchange fluxes into their component fluxes of photosynthesis and respiration if EReco is known. The uncertainty of the partitioned gross assimilation ranged from 1.43 to 4.88 µmol m−2 s−1 assuming a measurement uncertainty of 0.1 or 2.5 µmol m−2 s−1 for net ecosystem CO2 exchange and from 0.1 to 15 µmol m−2 s−1 for net ecosystem O2 exchange, respectively. Our analysis suggests that O2 measurements at ecosystem scale have the potential to partition net CO2 fluxes into their component fluxes, but further improvement in instrument precision is needed.
The role of reduced visibility in nighttime road fatalities

Two quasi-experiments investigated the contribution of reduced visibility to fatal accidents recorded by the U.S. Fatal Accident Reporting System from 1980 through 1990. Quasi-Experiment 1 evaluated 104,235 accidents that occurred during morning and evening time periods, called Twilight Zones, during which natural illumination varied systematically in conjunction with the annual solar cycle. Fatal accidents were found to be overrepresented during darker portions of the Twilight Zones. This finding was not related to time of day, day of week, or drivers' consumption of alcohol. The contribution of reduced visibility was also indicated by higher overrepresentation of fatal accidents in low illumination under adverse atmospheric conditions and with pedestrians and pedalcyclists as opposed to all other accidents. Reduced visibility was more important than drivers' drinking as a contributor to fatal pedestrian and pedalcycle accidents, while the reverse pattern was found for all other fatal traffic accidents. Quasi-Experiment 2 assessed the role of seasonal variables other than natural illumination by comparing the monthly distributions of 337,726 accidents recorded during three time periods: the Twilight Zones plus equal-duration control periods of Daylight and Darkness. The distribution of fatal nonpedestrian accidents exhibited no substantial variation across months in any of the test periods. The incidence of fatal pedestrian/pedalcycle accidents covaried with natural illumination during the Twilight Zones, while showing no variation during Daylight and Nighttime Control periods, confirming that visibility is a key factor in pedestrian and pedalcycle accidents. The present findings provide new evidence for both (1) the importance of visibility as a major contributing factor in fatal pedestrian and pedalcycle accidents, and (2) the relative success of previous efforts to deal with the difficulties of nighttime driving in other classes of fatal accidents.
Dynamics of lava flows

Extensive lava flows, like those of the Columbia plateau of Washington state, require thicknesses only of the order of meters and temperatures only slightly above the melting point to spread over distances of the order of hundreds of kilometers. Other things being equal, the spreading distance is proportional to the cube of the thickness of the flow.
Index seek technique for Querying Encrypted Databases

Encryption is necessary to maintain data confidentiality and protect against outside attackers and internal administrators in the remote database (DB). However, the use of encryption makes it difficult to retrieve data from the remote database . where in traditional methods, is retrieved all data from the DB then, data are decrypted to obtain the specific data requested by the user. However, this process is time-consuming and does not maintain enough data security. In this paper, a technique was proposed to solve traditional method defects in encrypted DB systems. The proposed technique builds queries within the proxy server and retrieves only specified encrypted data from the remote DB without the requirement of retrieved all encryption data, then decrypted at the proxy site. Results showed that the proposed method took less time than conventional methods while maintaining data confidentiality.
Morphological Characterization of Ant Species Found Within the Tropical Rainforest Zone of Calabar, Nigeria

Aim: This study was carried out to unravel the morphological variations that exist among ant species in the Rainforest zone of the University of Calabar Community. Method: Ants were collected from three locations (Botanical Garden, Cameroon and Unical Farms) within the University of Calabar. Direct hand-picking method and the pitfall traps method were utilized for sample collection. Thereafter, different morphological parameters including total length, head width, eye length, etc. were measured and analysed. Results: The results obtained showed a dominance of Formicinae with 3 species (35 %), followed by Myrmicinae with 2 species (30 %), and lastly Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae and Dorylinae with one species (5 %) each. A total of 7, 4 and 2 ant species were collected from the University of Calabar Botanical Garden, Cameroun and University of Calabar Farm sites respectively. Out of the 7 ant species, 3 species (50 %) were common to all the locations on campus, while another 2 species (45 %) were found exclusive to the Botanical Garden site. Conclusions: This work established that the morphology of ant faunas found in various areas of the campus varied significantly. It also concluded that the morphological space occupied by the ant fauna of the Botanical Garden was significantly larger than those collected from the other locations.
World Journal of Diabetes

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can lead to excessive pregnancy weight gain (PWG), abnormal glucolipid metabolism, and delayed lactation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate and effective interventions for pregnant women with GDM. AIM To clarify the effects of individualized nutrition interventions on PWG, glucolipid metabolism, and lactation in pregnant women with GDM.
Mapping an Iron-Meteorite Impact Site with a Magnetometer, and Implications for the Probability of a Catastrophic Impact on Earth

The Wabar meteorite impact site in central Saudi Arabia, first visited by Henry St. John (Abdullah) Philby in 1932, is unique in several ways. It is one of only 17 impact sites on the Earth where part of the original object is still present. The Wabar impact event also took place entirely in sand, permitting a much clearer and simpler reconstruction of the physical processes of a hypervelocity impact. A careful magnetic survey conducted there adds crucial information to this reconstruction: almost none of the >3,500metrictons of the original iron-nickel object remains in or beneath the known impact craters. The magnetic data were difficult to acquire because of the hostile environment, and the processing was non-trivial for what in effect was a magnetic survey of a ferrous junkyard. The event sequence, which took place in just a few seconds, generated a unique binary set of impactite that includes a black glass (90% local sand and 10% meteorite) and a shock-generated, coarsely laminar bleached-white sands.
Applications of Smart Water Management Systems: A Literature Review

Issues such as climate change, water scarcity, population growth, and distribution losses have stimulated the use of new technologies to manage water resources. This is how the concept of smart water management emerged as a subcategory of the concept of smart cities. This article aimed first to identify the applications of smart water-management systems described in academic articles either as applications in development or as applications already implemented or as future trends; and, second, to classify them according to the processes in the value chain of public water supply services. To this end, a systematic review of the literature was carried out, in which 100 mentions of applications were identified in 62 selected articles; then, the mentions were grouped into 10 categories. The most frequent application categories were smart meters, implementation models and architectures, and loss management. Among the processes of the value chain, applications in processes of distribution and water use were highly predominant. The lack of detail about the integration between the different applications for a smart water-management system was pointed out as a limitation and an opportunity for future research development, especially in terms of a technological roadmap study based on the relationship between smart meters and loss management.