Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Control of Systems with Multichannel Packet Loss

—The performance of control systems with input packet losses on the controller to plant communication channel is analysed. The main contribution of this work is a proof that linear optimal control systems operating with UDP-like communication protocols have a larger quadratic cost than the same systems operating with TCP-like protocols. The proof is derived for the general case of multidimensional and independent actuation communication channels. In doing so, our results extend previous work to systems with multiple distributed actuators. The difference in cost between two communication protocols is analysed, enabling the maximal difference between the two protocols to be quantiﬁed. Numerical examples are presented to highlight the difference in costs induced by the choice of communication protocol.
Engineering Electromagnetic Fields and Waves

Vector Analysis and Electromagnetic Fields in Free Space Vector Differential Relations and Maxwell's Differential Relations in Free Space Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions for Material Regions at Rest Static and Quasi-Static Electric Fields Static and Quasi-Static Magnetic Fields Wave Reflection and Transmission at Plane Boundaries The Poynting Theorem and Electromagnetic Power Mode Theory of Waveguides TEM Waves on Two-Conductor Transmision Lines Phasor Analysis of Reflective Transmision Lines Radiation from Antennas in Free Space Appendixes Index.
Near-field photonics: surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons

Surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons are discussed in the context of photonic applications. Near-field imaging of scattering, reflection, interference and localization of surface polaritons is reviewed, and approaches for the implementation of elements of surface polariton optics are presented. Surface plasmon polaritonic crystals and their role in the determination of optical properties of periodically nanostructured metal films are described. Non-linear effects related to surface polaritons and localized surface plasmons allowing control of optical properties of nanostructured metal films with light are discussed. Surface plasmon optics opens up numerous possibilities for application of these intrinsically two-dimensional excitations in passive and active devices of all-optical integrated circuits.
Description Logic Based Formal Representation of Adjectives

The paper introduces a system of rules for description logic based formal representation of adjectives used in both attributive and predicative functions and involved in a variety of syntactic relations. The system was developed to convey the semantics of adjectives by virtue of concept and role constructors implemented in description logic formalisms known as SHOIN(D) and SROIQ(D). The system is intended to be integrated into a large-scale system of formalization rules devised for the development of description logic based definitions of domain terms. The proposed system of rules was tested and evaluated on two sets of syntactic units that contain attributive and predicative adjectives represented in English and Russian languages.
Maintaining robust size across environmental conditions through plastic brain growth dynamics

Organ growth is tightly regulated across environmental conditions to generate an appropriate final size. While the size of some organs is free to vary, others need to maintain constant size to function properly. This poses a unique problem: how is robust final size achieved when environmental conditions alter key processes that regulate organ size throughout the body, such as growth rate and growth duration? While we know that brain growth is ‘spared’ from the effects of the environment from humans to fruit flies, we do not understand how this process alters growth dynamics across brain compartments. Here, we explore how this robustness in brain size is achieved by examining differences in growth patterns between the larval body, the brain and a brain compartment—the mushroom bodies—in Drosophila melanogaster across both thermal and nutritional conditions. We identify key differences in patterns of growth between the whole brain and mushroom bodies that are likely to underlie robustness of final organ shape. Further, we show that these differences produce distinct brain shapes across environments.
Where Am I and Where Should I Go? Grounding Positional and Directional Labels in a Disoriented Human Balancing Task

In this paper, we present an approach toward grounding linguistic positional and directional labels directly to human motions in the course of a disoriented balancing task in a multi-axis rotational device. We use deep neural models to predict human subjects’ joystick motions as well as the subjects’ proficiency in the task, combined with BERT embedding vectors for positional and directional labels extracted from annotations into an embodied direction classifier. We find that combining contextualized BERT embeddings with embeddings describing human motion and proficiency can successfully predict the direction a hypothetical human participant should move to achieve better balance with accuracy that is comparable to a moderately-proficient balancing task subject, and that our combined embodied model may actually make decisions that are objectively better than decisions made by some humans.
Eddy currents in linear conducting media

1. Introduction. 2. The Electromagnetic Field Equations. 3. Methods of Solution. 4. Integral Formulation. 5. Eddy Current Distribution in Plates. 6. Eddy Currents in Cylindrical Shells due to Parallel Conductors. 7. Eddy Currents in Cylindrical Shells due to Circular Loops. 8. Eddy Currents in Cylindrical Shells due to Rotating Fields. 9. Eddy Currents in Spherical Shells. 10. Eddy Current as a Result of Relative Motion. 11. Transient Phenomena. 12. Fast Fourier Transform Calculation for the Diffusion Equations. Appendices. Subject Index.
A comment on 'Wave-breaking Limits for relativistic electrostatic waves in a one-dimensional warm plasma' (Phys. Plasmas 13 123102) by R. M. G. M. Trines and P. A. Norreys

taneously associated with: onset of microscopic trajectory crossing; breakdown of the single-valuedness of the fluid velocity; appearance of multi-stream flow; onset of particle trapping by the Langmuir wave; appearance of a singularity (divergence) in the density and in the slope of the electrostatic field; mathematical invalidation of the fluid theory; breakdown of periodicity/appearance of additional Fourier content; onset of the loss of wave coherence; and achievement of the maximum sustainable electric field for a wave of well-defined phase velocity. In contrast, any non-zero amount of thermal motion is sufficient to ensure thatthese properties of cold wave-breaking will no longer occur simultaneously, if at all. Some features may emerge gradually rather than suddenly, while others may arise at different wave amplitudes, and still others may no longer occur. In the warm case, one must therefore adopt a single criterion to define wave-breaking. In the most literal sense of the phrase, wave-breaking as typified by shallow water waves, in which multi-stream macroscopic flow becomes manifest, occurs only in the cold 1D limit of plasma waves. In a warm fluid theory, crossing of the individual electron trajectories does not necessarily invalidate a fluid description, or lead to a breakdown of the single-valuedness of the fluid velocity, as long as the local ensemble of particle velocities remains consistent with the moments of the distribution function presumed by the fluid theory. Any attempt to define a sharp wave-breaking limit in terms of particle trapping or loss of periodicity is problematic, because in the warm, relativistic case, such effects will, strictly speaking, appear at any non-zero value of the plasma wave amplitude, and will grow gradually and continuously as the wave amplitude grows, with no sharp threshold or critical value apparent. Continual trapping in the tails of a thermal distribution is pointed out by Trines and Norreys (TN) themselves, which makes their definition of wave-breaking all the more puzzling.
Some Aspects of Essentially Nonoscillatory (ENO) Formulations for the Euler Equations, Part 3

An essentially nonoscillatory (ENO) formulation is described for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. ENO approaches are based on smart interpolation to avoid spurious numerical oscillations. ENO schemes are a superset of Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) schemes. In the recent past, TVD formulations were used to construct shock capturing finite difference methods. At extremum points of the solution, TVD schemes automatically reduce to being first-order accurate discretizations locally, while away from extrema they can be constructed to be of higher order accuracy. The new framework helps construct essentially non-oscillatory finite difference methods without recourse to local reductions of accuracy to first order. Thus arbitrarily high orders of accuracy can be obtained. The basic general ideas of the new approach can be specialized in several ways and one specific implementation is described based on: (1) the integral form of the conservation laws; (2) reconstruction based on the primitive functions; (3) extension to multiple dimensions in a tensor product fashion; and (4) Runge-Kutta time integration. The resulting method is fourth-order accurate in time and space and is applicable to uniform Cartesian grids. The construction of such schemes for scalar equations and systems in one and two space dimensions is described along with several examples which illustrate interesting aspects of the new approach.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Evaluating Geographical Variation in Outcomes of Cancer Patients Treated in ICUs

OBJECTIVES: The reported mortality rates of cancer patients admitted to ICUs vary widely. In addition, there are no studies that examined the outcomes of critically ill cancer patients based on the geographical regions. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the mortality rates among critically ill cancer patients and provide a comparison based on geography. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. STUDY SELECTION: We included observational studies evaluating adult patients with cancer treated in ICUs. We excluded non-English studies, those with greater than 30% hematopoietic stem cell transplant or postsurgical patients, and those that evaluated a specific type of critical illness, stage of malignancy, or age group. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently applied eligibility criteria, assessed quality, and extracted data. Studies were classified based on the continent in which they were conducted. Primary outcomes were ICU and hospital mortality. We pooled effect sizes by geographical region. DATA SYNTHESIS: Forty-six studies were included (n = 110,366). The overall quality of studies was moderate. Most of the published literature was from Europe (n = 22), followed by North America (n = 9), Asia (n = 8), South America (n = 5), and Oceania (n = 2). Pooled ICU mortality rate was 38% (95% CI, 33–43%); the lowest mortality rate was in Oceania (26%; 95% CI, 22–30%) and highest in Asia (51%; 95% CI, 44–57%). Pooled hospital mortality rate was 45% (95% CI, 41–49%), with the lowest in North America (37%; 95% CI, 31–43%) and highest in Asia (54%; 95% CI, 37–71%). CONCLUSIONS: More than half of cancer patients admitted to ICUs survived hospitalization. However, there was wide variability in the mortality rates, as well as the number of available studies among geographical regions. This variability suggests an opportunity to improve outcomes worldwide, through optimizing practice and research.
Ashtanga Yoga Ethics-Based Yoga Versus General Yoga on Anthropometric Indices, Trigunas, and Quality of Life in Abdominal Obesity: A Randomized Control Trial

Introduction: The philosophical tenets of yoga such as Ashtanga yoga (AY) and Trigunas are seldom considered while designing yoga programs for chronic diseases. This randomized control trial explored the impact of AY principle-based yoga on the anthropometric indices, personality traits, and quality of life (QoL) in abdominal obesity (AO). Materials and Methods: Sixty-two participants with AO were randomized (n = 31 in each arm) into an AY arm or general yoga (GY) arm. For 12 weeks, both the AY and the GY received the same yoga protocol; however, the AY received an additional AY-based orientation session fortnightly. Changes in waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio, Vedic Personality Inventory for gunas, and World Health Organization QoL-BREF were measured at baseline and at the end of 12 weeks. Results: By the end of 12 weeks, the AY arm significantly differed from the GY arm in HC (P = 0.05) and BMI scores (P = 0.03). The AY arm has shown a significant increase in the sattva guna (P < 0.001) and reduction in the rajas (P < 0.001) and tamas gunas (P = 0.03). There was a significant improvement in the physical and social QoL domain, whereas the other variables examined remained insignificant. The increase in sattva guna was negatively correlated with waist circumference (P = −0.489) and BMI (r = −0.553). Conclusion: Exposing participants to progressive AY philosophy can change the personality traits which are further associated with melioration in the determiners of AO. Future yoga programs for chronic disorders may consider including AY philosophy for substantive outcomes.
Bilateral Osteotomy of Pedicles for En Bloc Resection of a Malignant Tumor of the Posterior Thoracic Spine

Case: A 45-year-old woman had a grade II chondrosarcoma (T2N0M0G2) located at the spinous processes and laminas of T3-6 with the tumor extension into the spinal canal at T3-4. To perform en bloc tumor resection, we released or disarticulated bilateral costovertebral ligaments from T3-6 and cut the bilateral pedicles at T3-5 all from posteriorly. Then, we completed en bloc resection without violating the tumor capsule. Conclusion: Our novel procedure, bilateral osteotomy of pedicles for en bloc resection successfully allowed for en bloc tumor resection involving the posterior elements with wide surgical margins.
Studies of Nearby Blazars with Milagro

We have examined a sample of 47 blazars for evidence of TeV emission in the data collected with Milagro since 2000. Emission is clearly seen from Markarian 421, with the detected flux concentrated in two intervals coinciding with strong X‐ray emission. No significant flux is detected from any of the other AGN, and flux limits are presented. For the blazars I Zw 187 and RGB 1725+118 the limits — including the effects of absorption by extragalactic background light (EBL) — exclude the empirical model of Fossati et al. for the flux.
125 Gev Higgs-Boson as Scalar partner of 91 Gev $Z^{0}$-Weak-boson in Composite subquark model

The composite subquark model previously proposed by us shows that the intermediate $Z^{0}$-weak-boson is realized as the composite particle and that its scalar partner has the mass value larger than $Z^{0}$-weak-boson mass. It is suggested that 125 Gev Higgs-boson found at LHC is a scalar partner of 91 Gev $Z^{0}$-weak-boson. We predict the existence of charged Higgs-bosons with the mass value around 100 to 120 Gev as the scalar partners of $W^{\pm}$. We also discuss about Dark energy and Dark matter.
Disentangling the effects of species interactions and environmental factors on the spatial pattern and coexistence of two congeneric Pinus species in a transitional climatic zone

Abstract Congeneric species are critical for understanding the underlying ecological mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance. Ecological mechanisms such as conspecific negative density dependence, species differences in life‐history stages related to habitat preference, and limiting similarity are known to influence plant fitness, thereby influencing species coexistence and biodiversity. However, our understanding of these phenomena as they apply to coexistence among coniferous species is limited. We studied two congeneric Pinus species, Pinus armandii (PA) and Pinus tabulaeformis (PT), both of which are common pioneer species typically succeeded by oaks (Quercus), in a 25‐ha warm temperate deciduous broad‐leaved forest. Here, we addressed the following questions: (1) How do population structures and distributions patterns of these two Pinus species vary with respect to different life‐history stages? (2) Does intra‐ and interspecific competition vary with respect to three life‐history stages? And (3) What are the relative contributions of topographic and soil variables to the spatial distributions of the species across the three life‐history stages? In addressing these questions, we utilized the pair‐correlation function g(r), redundancy analysis (RDA), variance partitioning (VP), and hierarchical partitioning (HP) to identify habitat preferences and conspecific negative density dependence at different life‐history stages from small to large trees. The results revealed that in both Pinus species, individuals in different life‐history stages were subject to significant habitat heterogeneity, with a tendency for small trees to be distributed at higher latitudes that may be represents climate‐change‐driven migration in both species. In addition, the effects of conspecific negative density dependence on PT were stronger than those on PA due to limited dispersal in PT. Furthermore, we found that interspecific competition was weak due to the species differences in resource utilization and preference for key habitats. Our study shows that congeneric Pinus species avoids competition by exploiting distinct habitats and provides insight into forest community structure.
Primitive orthogonal idempotents of Brandt semigroup algebras and Brandt semigroup codes

In this paper, we construct a complete set of primitive orthogonal idempotents for any finite Brandt semigroup algebra. As applications, we define a new class of codes called Brandt semigroup codes and compute the Cartan matrices of some Brandt semigroup algebras. We also study the supports, Hamming distances, and minimum weights of Brandt semigroup codes.
Mixed Reality Prototype of Multimodal Screening for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairments in Older Adults: Protocol Development and Usability Study

Background The early diagnosis of cognitive impairments is an important step in the adequate management of dementia. The project “Smart Cognition & Behaviour Screening powered by Augmented Reality” (SCOBES-AR) aims to develop a multimodal screening tool (MST) for the early detection of cognitive impairments using augmented and virtual reality. The first project phase selected validated assessments for combination with the MST and tested it in 300 healthy older adults. Objective This study established a protocol for the implementation and usability of a mixed reality (MR)–enhanced multidisciplinary screening tool for the early detection of cognitive impairments in older adults. The developed MST will be partially enhanced by MR, which is a combination of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). This MR-enhanced prototype of the screening tool (MR-MST) will be tested and compared to the previously developed MST. The usability of the prototype will also be examined. Methods This single-center observational crossover design study screens 100 healthy participants (aged 60-75 years) for cognitive decline using a specially developed MST (assessment of cognitive functions, olfactory sensitivity, nutritional preferences, gait parameters, reaction times, and activities of daily living) and an MR-enhanced MST in which the assessments of cognitive functions, reaction time, activities of daily living, and gait will be performed using tailor-made software and AR and VR hardware. The results of the MR-enhanced MST will be compared to those without MR. The usability of the developed MR-enhanced MST will be tested on 10 investigators and 10 test participants using observed summative evaluation and the codiscovery method, and on 2 usability experts using the codiscovery and cognitive walkthrough methods. Results This study was funded by the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (grant 866873) and received approval from the ethics committee of the Medical University of Graz. The MR-MST and the experimental protocol for this study were developed. All participants gave written informed consent. As of July 15, 2022, a total of 70 participants have been screened. Data analysis and dissemination are scheduled for completion by September 2023. Conclusions The development and testing of the MR-MST is an important step toward the establishment of the best practice procedure for the implementation of AR and VR in the screening of cognitive declines in older adults. It will help improve our knowledge of the usability and applicability of the developed prototype and promote further advancement in AR and VR technologies to be used in therapeutic settings. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/39513
Bitter silence allows sexual harassment to continue in workplace: A qualitative study in Iranian nurses

Background Sexual harassment in the workplace is continuing. However, the rate of sexual harassment disclosure is low, which causes many problems. Non-disclosure of sexual harassment can cause nurses' psychological distress and physical harm, and affect their productivity and quality of care. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the reasons why Iranian nurses stayed silent and did not disclose sexual harassment in their workplace. Method This qualitative descriptive-explorative study was conducted to investigate the reasons why Iranian nurses (n = 18) stayed silent on sexual harassment. Conventional content analysis and purposeful sampling method were used in this study. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Maximum variance in terms of age, sex, work experience, education level, marital status, and type of hospital and ward was considered in order to obtain rich information. Guba and Lincoln criteria were used to increase the study's trustworthiness, while the Graneheim and Lundman approach was used to analyze the content. Results The research data indicated 112 codes, a major category, 4 subcategories, and 9 primary categories. The major category, “The missing link is bitter silence; sexual harassment is still going on,” includes four subcategories: fear of social stigmas, organizational and legal barriers, family barriers, and personal barriers. Conclusions Nurses cannot break their silence on sexual harassment because they are afraid that disclosure of sexual harassment has negative consequences for their personal and professional lives. Policies and strategies should be developed to encourage nurses to disclose sexual harassment. This issue must be studied socially, culturally, and politically.