Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cell cycle and cytoskeletal morphogenesis in Trypanosoma brucei.

I . Hayes, J. I). & Wolf. C. R. ( IYSX) in Ghituthione (’onjugation (Sies, H. & Ketterer. 8. eds), pp. 315-355. Academic Press Limited, London 2. Meister. A. ( 1980) in Ghrtrithione: Chemicul, Biochemical, mid Medical Aspc~rts (Dolphin, D. Poulson. R. & Avramovic, 0. A), pp. 307-474, John Wiley & Sons. New York 3. Kramer, R. A,, Zakher, J. & Kim, G. (1988) Science 241, 604-696 -1. Riirlamh. A. H. Hlackburn. P. Ulrich, P. Chait. B. T. & Cerami.A. ( I9XS). Scienc~227, 14x5-14x7 5. Fairlamb, A. H. , Henderson, G. B. & Cerami, A. ( I 986) Mol. Hio(.hem. I’nrusitol. 2 1, 247-257 6. Tabor, H. & Tabor. C. W. ( 1975) J. lliol. C‘hem. 250. 2048-2654 7. Fairlamb, A. H. & Cerami, A. ( 1 98s) Mol. Hiocher. I’urusitol. 14. 1x7-198 8. Shames. S. L. Fairlamb. A. H. Cerami, A. & Walsh, C. T. ( 1986) Bioc.hemistry25, 3519-3526 9. Jockers-Scherubl. M. C. Schirmer, R. H. & Krauth-Siegel, R. L. (1089) Eur. J. Riochem. 180. 267-272 10. Penketh, P. G. & Klein, R. A. (19x6) Mol. Hiochem. I’urusitol. 20, I 11-121 I I . Penketh, P. G. Kennedy, W. P. K. , Patton, C. L. & Sartorelli, A. C . ( 1087) FEB.SI. ~~tt. 221.427-431 12. Henderson, G. B. , Fairlamb, A. H. & Cerami. A. (1987) Mol. Hiochem. I’trrusitol. 24, 39-45 13. Boveris, A,, Sies, H. Martino, E. E. , Docampo, R. , Turrens, J. F. & Stoppani, A. 0. ( 1980) Hioc.hem. J. 188,643-648 14. Yawetz; A. & Agosin. M. ( I98 1 ) C’omp. Biochem. I’hyiol. 68B. 237-243 IS. Shim, H. & Fairlamb, A. H. (1988) J. Gen. Microhiol. 134, 807-8 17 16. Fairlamb, A. H. (1988) in I’olynrnines in Biochemical trnd C’linic~crl Hiwurch: Novel Hiochcmicul. I’hysiologicul mi l ( ‘linicd Asprcts (Arlvunces in Expivimentril hlidicine tirid Biolohy, id. 250) (zappia. v. & Pegg, A. E., eds). pp. 667-674, Pienum Press, New York 17. Phillips, M. A,, Coffino, P. & Wang. C. C. ( 1987) J. Hiol. Chem.
PHAGOCYTOSIS OF NEUTROPHILS BY MACROPHAGES

From the time that the inflammatory reaction was first characterized by its cardinal signs of color, rubor, tumor, et dolor, until the studies on phagocytosis by Metchnikoff, it was considered that this reaction by the organism was detrimental to its well being. Metchnikoff (1), however, saw the process of inflammation as a " . salutary reaction against some injurious influence. " He stated (1) that there were " . two classes of phenomena in inflammation; first, inflammation properly so-called, i.e., the lesion of the vessel walls and other disturbances brought about by the irritating cause; second, repair, consisting in the regeneration of the missing tissues and in the formation of a scar. " It is the second process, that of repair or resolution of the inflammatory response, that was the impetus for this investigation. The ingestion of phagocytes by other phagocytes was first described by Metchnikoff. In studies in the fins of tadpoles (2), he noted that phagocytes that had perished at the site of inflammation were "englobed by other phagocytes. " Metchnikoff also described this phenomenon in an inflammatory response to streptococci: "the streptococci are englobed only by polynuclear leukocytes, and are never taken up by the macrophages, which, however, carry out the entire work of absorption, and even englobe the microphages, many of which perish in the struggle with the microbes and have to be themselves absorbed" (3). The ingestion of effete neutrophils by incoming macrophages is probably one of several mechanisms that are operable in the final stages of an inflammatory reaction. Since Metchnikoff, however, other descriptions of the ingestion of neutrophils by macrophages have come mainly from the clinical literature. This phenomenon has been described in various disease states, such as in macrophage granulomas in the liver after infection with ornithosis virus (4), in marrow macrophages in childhood chronic benign neutropenia (5), in connective t i s~e macrophages in histiocytic medullary reticulosis (6), in splenic macrophages i~ti thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (7), and in splenic Reed-Sternbet'g cells in Hodgkin's disease (8). Heifets et al. (9) repored that resident mouse peritoneal macrophages can ingest human neutrophils or neutrophil granules that provided the macrophages with neutrophil peroxidase that was functional in iodination when the macrophages phagocytized opsonized zymosan. In uhrastructural studies, a few guinea pig perito-
Theory and methods of economic evaluation of health care.

List of Figures. List of Tables. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Welfare Economics. 3. The Monetary Value of Health Changes. 4. The Resource Consequences of Health Changes. 5. The Revealed Preference Approach. 6. The Expressed Preference Approach. 7. The Estimation of Costs. 8. Additional Issues in Cost-Benefit Analysis. 9. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. 10. Cost-Utility Analysis. 11. Economic Evaluation and Policy Making. 12. Concluding Remarks. Index.
Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments

Daily streamflow time series are critical to a very broad range of hydrologic problems. Whereas daily streamflow time series are readily obtained from gaged catchments, streamflow information is commonly needed at catchments for which no measured streamflow information exists. At ungaged catchments, methods to estimate daily streamflow time series typically require the use of a reference streamgage, which transfers properties of the streamflow time series at a reference streamgage to the ungaged catchment. Therefore, the selection of a reference streamgage is one of the central challenges associated with estimation of daily streamflow at ungaged basins. The reference streamgage is typically selected by choosing the nearest streamgage; however, this paper shows that selection of the nearest streamgage does not provide a consistent selection criterion. We introduce a new method, termed the map‐correlation method, which selects the reference streamgage whose daily streamflows are most correlated with an ungaged catchment. When applied to the estimation of daily streamflow at 28 streamgages across southern New England, daily streamflows estimated by a reference streamgage selected using the map‐correlation method generally provides improved estimates of daily streamflow time series over streamflows estimated by the selection and use of the nearest streamgage. The map correlation method could have potential for many other applications including identifying redundancy and uniqueness in a streamgage network, calibration of rainfall runoff models at ungaged sites, as well as for use in catchment classification.
Comparative studies of copper, molybdenum and sulphur metabolism in the ruminant and the rat

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Interdependence of strain and shape in self-assembled coherent InAs islands on GaAs

Self-assembled coherent InAs islands on GaAs (100) have been investigated by a novel version of grazing-incidence diffraction ("iso-strain scattering”). This method permits the determination of the interdependence of strain and shape, as well as the relaxation gradient within the InAs dots. The relaxation in the islands ranges from fully strained at the bottom to completely relaxed at the top of the islands. The radius of the dots at a given height depends linearly on the local elastic lattice relaxation, with a rapidly increasing relaxation gradient when approaching the top of the islands.
Para Teachers in India: Status and Impact

Para-teachers, sometimes called "contract teachers", are being hired in increasing numbers in many Indian states. While hiring conditions, tenure, remuneration, and qualifications vary considerably across states, the use of para-teachers has generated debate about their impact on the quality of elementary education. Based on a critical literature review of available studies and new evidence from the SchoolTELLS survey conducted by the authors and their collaborators, this paper summarises the proof regarding the functioning and impact of para-teachers in elementary schools in India. None of the studies reviewed evaluates the causal impact of para-teachers, but they do suggest that despite poorer training, para-teachers may be more cost-effective than regular teachers. The questions of career progression and equity for teachers, nonetheless, also need to be addressed.
Evaluation of the Sentinel Node Biopsy in Colorectal Carcinoma Including the Results of Immunohistochemical Examinations

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the method and results of sentinel node biopsy including immunohistochemical examinations in resectable colorectal cancer. Material and methods: From April 2004 to April 2005, sentinel node biopsy was carried out with the dye method in 27 patients operated on for colorectal cancer. The standard examination of sentinel nodes consisted in the evaluation of individual H&E-dyed specimens from bisection of the node. The negative sentinel nodes were examined with the use of immunohistochemistry against cytokeratins AE1/AE3. Findings: The sentinel node was identified in 25 patients (92.6%). In a routine histopathological examination it included metastases in 3 cases. The sentinel node was clean in one patient whereas other regional nodes resected “en bloc” with the tumour included metastases. The sensitivity of the method was 75%, and the number of falsely negative results was 25%. Metastases (micrometastases) in the sentinel node were found in 2 other patients (8%) in the immunohisto-chemical examination. This examination did not change the results of the analysis in the patient with positive non-sentinel nodes and with the negative sentinel node in H&E dyeing. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of the method rose to 83.3% and the number of falsely negative results dropped to 16.7%. Conclusions : 1. The sentinel node biopsy using the dye method is a safe and relatively easy technique showing a high success rate (92.6%). 2. Low sensitivity of the method, as reflected in the literature, may result from lack of extended histopathological examinations performed on the sentinel node (e.g. immunohistochemistry). 3. Further research is necessary to determine the role and importance of the sentinel node biopsy in colorectal cancer.
Parasites Make It Hard to Fight Viruses

Coinfection with intestinal parasites leads to altered antiviral immunity in mice. Microbial coinfections challenge the immune system—different pathogens often require different flavors of immune responses for their elimination or containment (see the Perspective by Maizels and Gause). Two teams studied what happens when parasitic worms and viruses infect mice at the same time. Reese et al. found that parasite coinfection woke up a dormant virus. Osborne et al. found that mice already infected with parasitic worms were worse at fighting off viruses. In both cases, worms skewed the immune response so that the immune cells and the molecules they secreted created an environment favorable for the worm at the expense of antiviral immunity. T. A. Reese, B. S. Wakeman, H. S. Choi, M. M. Hufford, S. C. Huang, X. Zhang, M. D. Buck, A. Jezewski, A. Kambal, C. Y. Liu, G. Goel, P. J. Murray, R. J. Xavier, M. H. Kaplan, R. Renne, S. H. Speck, M. N. Artyomov, E. J. Pearce, H. W. Virgin, Helminth infection reactivates latent γ-herpesvirus via cytokine competition at a viral promoter. Science 345, 573–577 (2014). [Abstract] [Full Text] L. C. Osborne, L. A. Monticelli, T. J. Nice, T. E. Sutherland, M. C. Siracusa, M. R. Hepworth, V. T. Tomov, D. Kobuley, S. V. Tran, K. Bittinger, A. G. Bailey, A. L. Laughlin, J.-L. Boucher, E. J. Wherry, F. D. Bushman, J. E. Allen, H. W. Virgin, D. Artis, Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation. Science 345, 578–582 (2014). [Abstract] [Full Text] R. M. Maizels, W. C. Gause, How helminths go viral. Science 345, 517–518 (2014). [Abstract] [Full Text]
Exploring Data Partitions for What-if Analysis

What-if analysis is a data-intensive exploration to inspect how changes in a set of input parameters of a model influence some outcomes. It is motivated by a user trying to understand the sensitivity of a model to a certain parameter in order to reach a set of goals that are defined over the outcomes. To avoid an exploration of all possible combinations of parameter values, efficient what-if analysis calls for a partitioning of parameter values into data ranges and a unified representation of the obtained outcomes per range. Traditional techniques to capture data ranges, such as histograms, are limited to one outcome dimension. Yet, in practice, what-if analysis often involves conflicting goals that are defined over different dimensions of the outcome. Working on each of those goals independently cannot capture the inherent trade-off between them. In this paper, we propose techniques to recommend data ranges for what-if analysis, which capture not only data regularities, but also the trade-off between conflicting goals. Specifically, we formulate a parametric data partitioning problem and propose a method to find an optimal solution for it. Targeting scalability to large datasets, we further provide a heuristic solution to this problem. By theoretical and empirical analyses, we establish performance guarantees in terms of runtime and result quality.
Povondraite . a redefinition of the tourmaline ferridravite

During the investigation of a series of tourmaline crystal structures with varying contents of Fe and Mg (Grice and Ercit, 1990, 1993) the "ferridravite" structure was refined. It was discovered that the formula proposed by Walenta and Dunn (1979) for the species ferridravite was incorrect. They adopted the standard scheme for assignment of cations to the X, Y, and Z sites, i.e., with Fert and Al3* assigned to the Z site and Mg2* and Fe2+ to the Y s i te, y ie ld ing the empir ica l formula (NaoroKoro)(Mg, rrFel-i,)(Fe31nAlo,,)SiuBr (O,OH)30 (OH,F). As with the structure refinement of feruvite (Grice and Robinson, 1989), it became evident that the assumed site assignments of Mg'? * and Fe3* were incorrect. The crystal structure refinement of "ferridravite" yielded a new empirical formula that bears no resemblance to "the ferric analog of dravite" (Walenta and Dunn, 1979); therefore renaming of the species was required. The new name, povondraite, is in recognition ofthe extensive work on the chemistry of the tourmaline group by Dr. Pavel Povondra, Karlovy University. The data and new name for this redefined species were approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, I.M.A. Type material for povondraite is preserved at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (no. 144478) and at the Royal Ontario Museum (no. M35899).
A Combined Modified OpportunisticNeighbor Selection and Vehicle Localization Routing Approach for Improved Connectivity in Indian Road Scenario

In the recent years, VANET is becoming a spectacular research area in wireless networks. The high mobility vehicular node in VANET dynamically changes the network topology resulting in highly unstable vehicle connectivity. This induces network partitioning and hence ensuring link availability remains to be a challenging task. To surpass these issues, design of efficient VANET routing algorithms is necessary. The routing design for VANET scenario is highly complex and challenging making the existing AODV, greedy, cluster based routing algorithms to suffer from degraded link quality resulting in high end-to-end delay and significant packet loss. Although Opportunistic Neighbor Selection (ONS) scheme proves to be a better routing logic, it does not seem to always ensure link availability at road intersections, particularly in Indian road scenario, where multi road lane discipline is very hard to implement. To overcome these limitations, a combination of Modified Opportunistic Neighbor Selection (MONS) and Vehicle Localization (VL) routing logic for adoption in Indian road sector has been proposed in this paper. This paper addresses the connectivity challenges and provides better solution to achieve improved performance. In this work, two specific scenarios namely: varied mobility/node density rates is considered by treating the other fixed inorder to evaluate the suitability of the proposed logic in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi E-Learning pada SMK Raksana Medan

Sejalan dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, maka pemanfaatan internet dalam bidang pendidikan terus mengalami perkembangan. Pemanfaatan internet tidak hanya dimannfaatkan untuk pendidikan jarak jauh, tetapi juga digunakan di dalam pendidikan konvensional untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar. E-Learning merupakan salah satu bentuk pendidikan yang menggabungkan motivasi, komunikasi, efisiensi, dan teknologi. Sering kali proses pendidikan dibatasi oleh waktu dan jarak. Dibatasi oleh waktu karena guru memiliki waktu yang tidak terlalu banyak untuk menyampaikan suatu materi pelajaran yang sering kali masih kurang dipahami oleh siswa. SMK Raksana Medan merupakan salah satu SMK yang selain fokus pada pemberian ilmu pengetahuan dan keahlian kepada siswa-siswi juga fokus kepada pembentukan karakter dan kepribadian siswa yang tercermin di dalam budaya SMK Raksana yaitu HOPE (Honour Our Parents Everyday). SMK Raksana Medan mengelola 5 (lima) jurusan pilihan, yaitu: Administrasi Perkantoran, Akuntansi, Akomodasi Perhotelan, Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak, dan Usaha Perjalanan Wisata. Pengetahuan dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi telah ditanamkan sejak dini kepada siswa-siswi SMK Raksana dan didukung dengan akses WIFI yang gratis untuk seluruh siswa-siswi yang dapat diakses di beberapa ruangan seperti Kantin, Taman, dan Aula Sekolah. Pada Guru di SMK Raksana Medan berdasarkan hasil pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh ATI Immanuel telah dapat menghasilkan materi pembelajaran yang bagus untuk diberikan kepada para siswa seusai proses pembelajaran. Namun, belum adanya sistem informasi E-Learning menyulitkan para siswa untuk bertanya maupun berdiskusi diantara mereka. Adanya sistem informasi E-Learning ini tentu dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses belajar mengajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah metode SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) yang merupakan suatu metodologi perancangan yang sangat baik karena mengidentifikasikan dengan baik kebutuhan pemakai. Sistem Informasi E-Learning yang dirancang memungkinkan pembelajaran dilakukan secara synchronous (terjadi interaksi secara langsung) maupun secara asynchronous (interaksi secara tidak langsung). Sistem informasi akan dirancang dengan menggunakan Bahasa Pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjawab kebutuhan siswa dan guru akan suatu sistem yang dapat memungkinkan para siswa dan guru untuk melakukan proses pembelajaran setelah proses belajar di sekolah berakhir.
A New QoS-Aware and Stable Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Mobile Wireless Networks

Due to the specific nature and various limitations in the architecture and resources of mobile wireless networks, AD HOC networks are highly challenging and risky in terms of quality spheres and maintaining such systems. Opportunistic routing provides the opportunity to improve these issues and enhance the network performance appropriately. Meanwhile, due to unspecified exchange routes in this strategy, it is more difficult to support the quality of routing. In this type of routing, decision-making and candidate prioritization are done based on a criterion named “opportunism” in such a way that this method of prioritization and selection leads to increased instability in intermediate routes. Accordingly, in order to improve this issue, this research introduces a new routing protocol, named “QoS-Aware and Stable Opportunistic Routing Protocol (QSORP)”. The QSORP is a three-stage protocol that is based on the performance of its stages, tries to provide quality together with stability in opportunistic routing depending on the necessities and requirements of this type of routing. The QSORP protocol supports the capability of reducing the complexity of candidate management in addition to effectively supporting the quality and stability of links. In order to evaluate the QSORP’s performance and efficiency, this protocol is simulated using the OPNET simulator and then the protocol is compared with two other protocols; ORAC and QEOR. The simulation results indicated the superiority of the proposed protocol based on the following criteria: unstable intermediate routes, rate of received data, and network throughput.
Robust, High-Speed Interest Point Matching for Real-Time Applications

A typical Computer Vision system needs to process vast amounts of data as captured by one or more cameras, constantly testing the capabilities of today's hardware. Yet such systems face an ever-growing computational load caused by the more and more demanding applications which is further amplified by the trend to run the software on computationally weaker devices such as mobile phones, for example. Moreover, it is imperative for most real-world systems, be it for object detection or mobile robotics, to run in real-time so as to serve the purpose. Although applications of such systems can vary greatly, most systems share the same outset in the processing pipeline: They establish sparse point matches across multiple views of rigid scenes, which is known as the interest point matching problem. Being a very central problem, a number of algorithms offer fairly accurate solutions. However, they force their superordinate application to spend most of the available CPU time on matching, leaving only little room for subsequent tasks in the pipeline. In this thesis we propose two families of algorithms, Signatures and BRIEF, that address these difficulties. Both of them exhibit comparable accuracy to existing methods and improve up to two orders of magnitude on overall speed and one order of magnitude on memory consumption. Signatures and especially BRIEF are conceptually of downright simplicity, offering a competitive and easy-to-implement option for building a solid base for real-time applications with a stringent time budget. We demonstrate the effectiveness by implementing Signatures and BRIEF in four real-time systems. Technically, Signatures employ Randomized Trees to quantify the similarity of two image patches around arbitrary interest points, resulting in a robust description vector. Thanks to the binary tests that the Trees use for indexing image patches into the leaves, they are very efficient to evaluate which directly carries over to Signatures. BRIEF is the ultimate reduction of the binary test idea and uses such tests directly on a smoothed version of the patch to describe it. Doing so can be seen as computing thresholded random gradients resulting in binary description vectors which require less memory than their state-of-the-art counterparts and are particularly efficient to match —especially on recent hardware.