Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induced Electric Field in Learning-Based Head Models With Smooth Conductivity for Exposure to Uniform Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields

Computational human models generated from medical images have been widely used to assess induced electric field for exposure to electromagnetic field. Traditional methods to develop human models include tissue segmentation, which involves huge effort in identifying tissues from medical images. When such models are applied to low-frequency electromagnetic dosimetry, computational artifacts result in substantial error. Deep learning techniques have been utilized to map medical images directly to tissue electrical conductivity, generating human models with smooth transitions in tissue conductivity across tissue boundaries and even within the same tissue. In this study, eight head models with smoothed conductivities were generated using the deep learning network. The induced electric fields in the models were assessed for exposure to a uniform low-frequency magnetic field and were compared with traditional segmented models. Computational results showed that the induced electric field distributions in learning-based and segmented models were consistent, and the former was smoother. The differences in the 99th to 99.99th percentile values between nonuniform and segmented models were within 8% and 13% for gray and white matter, respectively. The staircasing errors were suppressed in the learning-based models because of the smooth transition of the conductivity values, especially at the tissue interface. The intersubject variation of the maximum electric fields was smaller for the nonuniform models than for the segmented models, with a relative standard deviation within 12% for nonuniform models and 22% for segmented models. This difference is much smaller than the reduction factor of 3 associated with the numerical uncertainty set in the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection 2010 guidelines. Our findings could be helpful in deriving appropriate reduction factor in international guidelines, which is used for setting the limit from the threshold of adverse health effects.
A Bregman Majorization-Minimization Framework for Pet Image Reconstruction

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a quantitative imaging modality widely used in oncology, neurology, and pharmacology. The data acquired by a PET scanner correspond to projections of the concentration activity, assumed to follow a Poisson distribution. The reconstruction of images from tomographic projections corrupted by Poisson noise is a challenging ill-posed large-scale inverse problem. Several available solvers use the majorization-minimization (MM) principle, though relying on various construction strategies with a lack of unifying framework. This work fills the gap by introducing the concept of Bregman majorization. This leads to a unified view of MM-based methods for image reconstruction in the presence of Poisson noise. From this general approach, we exhibit three algorithmic solutions and compare their computational efficiency on a problem of dynamic PET image reconstruction, either using GPU or CPU processing.
Low-Complexity Fuzzy Neural Control of Constrained Waverider Vehicles via Fragility-Free Prescribed Performance Approach

In this article, we propose a concise fuzzy neural control framework for waverider vehicles with input constraints, while the spurred prescribed performance can be guaranteed, and the challenging fragility problem associated with the existing prescribed performance control (PPC) is avoided. Unlike the existing control protocols without considering computational costs, in this study, the low-complexity fuzzy neural approximation is combined with simple performance functions, which reduces the complexity burden and improves the practicability. Then, in order to handle the adverse effect of the actuator saturation on the control performance, bounded-input-bounded-state stable systems are developed to stabilize the closed-loop control system based on bounded compensations. Specially, flexible adjustment terms are exploited to modify the developed simple performance functions, while fragility-free prescribed performance is achieved for tracking errors, and moreover the fragility defect of the existing PPC is remedied. Finally, the efficiency and superiority of the design are verified via compared simulations.
Large monochromatic components in multicolored bipartite graphs

It is well known that in every r ‐coloring of the edges of the complete bipartite graph K m , n there is a monochromatic connected component with at least ( m + n ) / r vertices. In this paper we study an extension of this problem by replacing complete bipartite graphs by bipartite graphs of large minimum degree. We conjecture that in every r ‐coloring of the edges of an ( X , Y ) ‐bipartite graph with | X | = m , | Y | = n , δ ( X , Y ) > ( 1 − 1 / ( r + 1 ) ) n , and δ ( Y , X ) > ( 1 − 1 / ( r + 1 ) ) m , there exists a monochromatic component on at least ( m + n ) / r vertices (as in the complete bipartite graph). If true, the minimum degree condition is sharp (in that both inequalities cannot be made weak when m and n are divisible by r + 1 ). We prove the conjecture for r = 2 and we prove a weaker bound for all r ≥ 3. As a corollary, we obtain a result about the existence of monochromatic components with at least n/(r − 1) vertices in r‐colored graphs with large minimum degree.
Floating-Reference On-State Voltage Measurement Strategy for Condition Monitoring Application

Due to its acceptable sensitivity to aging, on-state voltage is one of the best degradation indicators ever devised to monitor the condition of power semiconductors. The steep changes in the voltage of the semiconductors during switching have prompted the development of various circuits to extract the on-state voltage. This article proposes a simple converter-level structure for measuring the on-state voltage of every power semiconductor in a three-phase conventional inverter. As a result of its features, the proposed circuit enables the development of a hand-held portable monitoring device that can be used independently of the converter. Detailed information is given on how to design and select the components of the proposed monitoring system, along with its optimal operating conditions. In addition to the simulation results, a proof-of-concept prototype has been developed to evaluate the measurement accuracy and dynamic performance of the proposed circuit for the application of a three-phase inverter. The results confirm the overall effectiveness of the proposed topology and its comparable performance.
First covering of the Drinfel’d upper half-plane and Banach representations of GL2(ℚp)

We construct some admissible Banach representations of GL_2(Q_p) that conjecturally should correspond to some 2-dimensional tamely ramified, potentially Barsotti-Tate representations of G_{Q_p} via the p-adic local Langlands correspondence. To achieve this, we generalize Breuil's work in the semi-stable case and work on the first covering of Drinfel'd upper half plane. Our main tool is an explicit semi-stable model of the first covering.
Polycaprolactone-Coated Alginate/b-Tricalcium Phosphate Beads to Locally Deliver Vancomycin: A Pilot Study

Orthopedic device-related infections (ODRI) are difficult to control and the management of ODRI most frequently includes surgery and long-term antimicrobial therapy. Local application of vancomycin through a biodegradable carrier like alginate would provide a valuable tool, although it is hard to control the drug-release for a prolonged period of time due to its permeability. Coating with hydrophobic polymer such as polycaprolactone (PCL) may sustain the vancomycin release. We fabricated four types of vancomycin containing alginate/b-TCP beads (uncoated, coated with 1.25 w/v%, 2.5 w/v%, and 5.0 w/v% PCL). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that b-TCP particles were uniformly distributed on the surface of the uncoated beads and the most homogenous coating layer was observed using 2.5 w/v% PCL. Vancomycin release and its bioactivity were measured at the designated time points (1, 4, 12, 24 hours, then every day until disintegration). Burst release occured on the first hour, day 1, 2 and 6 respectively. The beads without coating dissolved at day 3, and those with different coatings dissolved at day 5, 6, and 9. The minimum concentration of the vancomycin in the elution was approximately 5 mg/L, higher than the vancomycin’s minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). PCL-coated alginate/b-TCP beads loaded with vancomycin may provide a potential local drug delivery device for the adjuvant antimicrobial therapy of the ODRI.
The homology of simplicial complement and the cohomology of the moment-angle complexes

A simplicial complement P is a sequence of subsets of [m] and the simplicial complement P corresponds to a unique simplicial complex K with vertices in [m]. In this paper, we defined the homology of a simplicial complement $H_{i,\sigma}(\Lambda^{*,*}[P], d)$ over a principle ideal domain k and proved that $H_{*,*}(\Lambda[P], d)$ is isomorphic to the Tor of the corresponding face ring k(K) by the Taylor resolutions. As applications, we give methods to compute the ring structure of Tor_{*,*}^{k[x]}(k(K), k)$, $link_{K}\sigma$, $star_{K}\sigma$ and the cohomology of the generalized moment-angle complexes.
A probabilistic approach to the leader problem in random graphs

We study the fixation time of the identity of the leader, that is, the most massive component, in the general setting of Aldous's multiplicative coalescent, which in an asymptotic sense describes the evolution of the component sizes of a wide array of near‐critical coalescent processes, including the classical Erdős‐Rényi process. We show tightness of the fixation time in the “Brownian” regime, explicitly determining the median value of the fixation time to within an optimal O(1) window. This generalizes Łuczak's result for the Erdős‐Rényi random graph using completely different techniques. In the heavy‐tailed case, in which the limit of the component sizes can be encoded using a thinned pure‐jump Lévy process, we prove that only one‐sided tightness holds. This shows a genuine difference in the possible behavior in the two regimes.
Twisted Alexander polynomials and character varieties of 2-bridge knot groups

We study the twisted Alexander polynomial from the viewpoint of the SL(2,C)-character variety of nonabelian representations of a knot group. It is known that if a knot is fibered, then the twisted Alexander polynomials associated with nonabelian SL(2,C)-representations are all monic. In this paper, we show that the converse holds for 2-bridge knots. Furthermore we show that for a 2-bridge knot there exists a curve component in the SL(2,C)-character variety such that if the knot is not fibered then there are only finitely many characters in the component for which the associated twisted Alexander polynomials are monic. We also show that for a 2-bridge knot of genus g, in the above curve component for all but finitely many characters the associated twisted Alexander polynomials have degree 4g-2.
On the exponential functional of Markov Additive Processes, and applications to multi-type self-similar fragmentation processes and trees.

A Markov Additive Process is a bi-variate Markov process $(\xi,J)=\big((\xi_t,J_t),t\geq0\big)$ which should be thought of as a multi-type L\'evy process: the second component $J$ is a Markov chain on a finite space $\{1,\ldots,K\}$, and the first component $\xi$ behaves locally as a L\'evy process, with local dynamics depending on $J$. In the subordinator-like case where $\xi$ is nondecreasing, we establish several results concerning the moments of $\xi$ and of its exponential functional $I_{\xi}=\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{-\xi_t}\mathrm dt,$ extending the work of Carmona et al., and Bertoin and Yor. We then apply these results to the study of multi-type self-similar fragmentation processes: these are self-similar analogues of Bertoin's homogeneous multi-type fragmentation processes Notably, we encode the genealogy of the process in a tree, and under some Malthusian hypotheses, compute its Hausdorff dimension in a generalisation of our previous work.
On CT and CSA groups and related ideas

Abstract A group is G commutative transitive or CT if commuting is transitive on nontrivial elements. A group G is CSA or conjugately separated abelian if maximal abelian subgroups are malnormal. These concepts have played a prominent role in the studies of fully residually free groups, limit groups and discriminating groups. They also play a role in the solution to the Tarski problems. CSA always implies CT however the class of CSA groups is a proper subclass of the class of CT groups. For limit groups and finitely generated elementary free groups they are equivalent. In this paper we examine the relationship between the two concepts. In particular, we show that a finite CSA group must be abelian. If G is CT, then we prove that G is not CSA if and only if G contains a nonabelian subgroup G 0 ${G_{0}}$ which contains a nontrivial abelian subgroup H that is normal in G 0 ${G_{0}}$ . For K a field the group PSL ⁢ ( 2 , K ) ${\mathrm{PSL}(2,K)}$ is never CSA but is CT if char ⁡ ( K ) = 2 ${\operatorname{char}(K)=2}$ and for fields K of characteristic 0 where -1 is not a sum of two squares in K. For characteristic p, for an odd prime p, PSL ⁢ ( 2 , K ) ${\mathrm{PSL}(2,K)}$ is never CT. Infinite CT groups G with a composition series and having no nontrivial normal abelian subgroup must be monolithic with monolith a simple nonabelian CT group. Further if a group G is monolithic with monolith N isomorphic to PSL ⁢ ( 2 , K ) ${\mathrm{PSL}(2,K)}$ for a field K of characteristic 2 and G is CT, then G ≅ N ${G\cong N}$ .
Local theta correspondence and nilpotent
 invariants

We consider two types of nilpotent invariants associated to smooth representations, namely generalized Whittaker models, and associated characters (in the case of a real reductive group). We survey some recent results on the behavior of these nilpotent invariants under local theta correspondence, and highlight the special role of a certain double fiberation of moment maps.
Polynomial Sliding Surfaces to Control a Boost Converter With Constant Power Load

The unstable ON and OFF state trajectories of a boost converter supplying a constant power load (CPL) are appropriately combined using sliding-mode control (SMC) with a suitable surface to yield a stable trajectory that reaches a specified equilibrium point. Selecting the optimum surface involves a comparative analysis among potential candidates in terms of stability, disturbance rejection, conduction losses and inrush current. The performance as switching function of polynomials of degree zero (non-zero constant), degree one (affine function) and degree 2 (quadratic function) are analyzed in depth to conclude that the affine function leads to the best static and dynamic results. The theoretical predictions are verified by means of simulations and measurements in a prototype.
Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Syzygium cumini Linn and Investigation of Their Pharmacological Activities

This study was conducted to isolate and identify the endophytic fungi from the bark and leaves of the Syzygum cumini plant and investigate the pharmacological activities of endophytic fungi along with plant parts. After isolation, endophytic fungi were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were studied by a disc diffusion method, free radical scavenging DPPH assay, and brine shrimp lethality bioassay, respectively. A total of eight endophytic fungi were isolated and identified up to the genus level based on morphological characteristics and confirmed by molecular identification techniques. Among the eight isolates, three isolates were identified as Colletotrichum sp. (SCBE-2, SCBE-7, and SCLE-9), while the rest of the isolates belonged to Diaporthe sp. (SCBE-1), Pestalotiopsis sp. (SCBE-3), Penicillium sp. (SCBE-4), Phyllosistica sp. (SCLE-7), and Fusarium sp. (SCLE-8). The presence of flavonoids, anthraquinones, coumarins, and isocoumarins was assumed by the preliminary screening of the fungal and plant extracts by a thin-layer chromatographic technique under UV light. Fungal extracts of Pestalotiopsis sp. Penicillium sp. were found sensitive to all test bacteria, but only extracts from the leaf and bark showed significant antifungal activity along with their antimicrobial activity. Penicillium sp. The fungal extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity (2.43 μg/mL) near that of ascorbic acid (2.42 μg/mL). Some fungal extracts showed cytotoxic activity that, in general, suggests their probable abundance of biological metabolites. This is the first approach to investigate the endophytic fungi of Syzygium cumini Linn. in Bangladesh, to find the pharmacological potential of endophytes, and to explore novel compounds from those endophytes.
Establishment of Breast Phyllodes Tumor Cell Lines Preserving the Features of Phyllodes Tumors

Breast phyllodes tumors (PTs) are biphasic, with epithelial and stromal components. Although the PT incidence is low (approximately 1% of all breast tumors), its clinical outcomes are unpredictable, and malignant PTs often progress rapidly. No effective treatment is currently available, thus resulting a high mortality rate from malignant PTs. PT cell lines must be established to facilitate the study of PTs. Herein, we established six PT cell lines through continuous passage or cell immortalization. We characterized these PT cell lines through in vitro functional assays, malignant PT marker detection and short tandem repeat identification. Benign PT cell lines (SYSH-BPT-01 and SYSH-BPT-02) were transfected with human papillomavirus 16 E6/E7, and two malignant PT cell lines (SYSH-MPT-01 and SYSH-MPT-02) were transfected with Simian virus 40 large T antigen. Two malignant PT cell lines (SYSH-MPT-03 and SYSH-MPT-04) were established through continuous passage. All malignant PT cell lines showed greater proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and collagen contraction ability than the benign PT cell lines. Moreover, the expression levels of malignant PT markers (α-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast activation protein) and short tandem repeat identification indicated that each PT cell line was identical to the parental primary cells. We successfully established PT cell lines that preserved the features of primary cells. These cell lines may serve as ideal experimental models for studying the function of breast PTs, thus opening new possibilities for PT drug screening and therapeutic target validation.
Differential geometry properties by using the perturbation methods

In this paper, we present a new method to evaluate the moving Frenet frame along the intersection curves of two parametric surfaces in the tangential intersection situations. To resolve such situation, we have combined a perturbation method with a classical method that works in transversal intersection situation. Unlike the existent methods, our method works even if the order contact of the point is more than one.
Compact W-Band Septum Orthomode Transducer Based on Gap Waveguide

A new method to design an orthomode transducer (OMT) is reported, which is achieved by combining a septum polarizer with an E-plane magic-T. The two orthogonal polarization modes are generated by a septum polarizer with even and odd modes exciting conditions. To reduce the influence of processing errors at the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band, electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) technology is introduced. To verify the design, two prototypes with and without EBG are fabricated and measured. The isolation performance of OMT is obviously enhanced by a loading EBG structure. The experimental result of 20% bandwidth from 90 to 110 GHz for port isolation less than −31.0 dB, polarization isolation less than −26.9 dB, and reflection coefficients less than −10 dB is achieved in the prototype with EBG.
A consistent measure for lattice Yang-Mills

The construction of a consistent measure for Yang-Mills is a precondition for an accurate formulation of non-perturbative approaches to QCD, both analytical and numerical. Using projective limits as subsets of Cartesian products of homomorphisms from a lattice to the structure group, a consistent interaction measure and an infinite-dimensional calculus has been constructed for a theory of non-abelian generalized connections on a hypercubic lattice. Here, after reviewing and clarifying past work, new results are obtained for the mass gap when the structure group is compact.
Decimated generalized Prony systems

We continue studying robustness of solving algebraic systems of Prony type (also known as the exponential fitting systems), which appear prominently in many areas of mathematics, in particular modern “sub-Nyquist” sampling theories. We show that by considering these systems at arithmetic progressions (or “decimating” them), one can achieve better performance in the presence of noise. We also show that the corresponding lower bounds are closely related to well-known estimates, obtained for similar problems but in different contexts.
An ADER-WENO Finite Volume AMR code for Astrophysics

A high order one-step ADER-WENO finite volume scheme with Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) in multiple space dimensions is presented. A high order one-step time discretization is achieved using a local space-time discontinuous Galerkin predictor method, while a high order spatial accuracy is obtained through a WENO reconstruction. Thanks to the one-step nature of the underlying scheme, the resulting algorithm can be efficiently imported within an AMR framework on space-time adaptive meshes. We provide convincing evidence that the presented high order AMR scheme behaves better than traditional second order AMR methods. Tests are shown of the new scheme for nonlinear systems of hyperbolic conservation laws, including the classical Euler equations and the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics. The proposed scheme is likely to become a useful tool in several astrophysical scenarios.
A noncommutative 2-sphere generated by the quantum complex plane

S. L. Woronowicz's theory of introducing C*-algebras generated by unbounded elements is applied to q-normal operators satisfying the defining relation of the quantum complex plane. The unique non-degenerate C*-algebra of bounded operators generated by a q-normal operator is computed and an abstract description is given by using crossed product algebras. If the spectrum of the modulus of the q-normal operator is the positive half line, this C*-algebra will be considered as the algebra of continuous functions on the quantum complex plane vanishing at infinity, and its unitization will be viewed as the algebra of continuous functions on a quantum 2-sphere.
Existence of Travelling Waves for a Reaction–Diffusion System with a Line of Fast Diffusion

We prove existence and uniqueness of travelling waves for a reaction-diffusion system coupling a classical reaction-diffusion equation in a strip with a diffusion equation on a line. To do this we use a sequence of continuations which leads to further insight into the system. In particular, the transition occurs through a singular perturbation which seems new in this context, connecting the system with a Wentzell type boundary value problem.