Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficacy of Certain Intermediate Irrigants in Preventing Precipitate Formed Due to Sodium Hypochlorite and Chlorhexidine Within the Root Canal System: An In Vitro Study

Aim:Root canal irrigation using a mixture of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) might cause a precipitate to develop. This study aims to check the efficacy of sodium thiosulfate and normal saline as irrigating solutions. Materials and methods: Roots of 45 teeth were biomechanically prepared, and the teeth were then tested. A size 15k file was introduced to the point where the apical foramen could be visible in order to provide an accurate reading of the working length. As a precaution against irrigating solutions leaking out, the specimens' tips were sealed with modeling wax before being instrumented. Each group's root canals were instrumented with #F4 hand Protaper (Dentsply Sirona, USA) as recommended by the manufacturer. Between instrumentation, The canals were lubricated with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (RC Help, Prime Dental, Mumbai, India). Fifteen samples were randomly assigned to one of three experimental categories based on the middle watering arrangement used: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (saline irrigant), and Group 3 (3.86% sodium thiosulfate). The jewel plate was submerged in water to cool it down, while two longitudinal scores were made on the root's buccal and lingual surfaces. We used a stereomicroscope to examine the exposed surfaces of the root trench in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds for the orange-earthy colored material (Stereozoom Nikon magnifying lens under 20X amplification), and we used the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal Wallis test during our thorough analysis. Results: The precipitation generated in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds had significantly different thicknesses. While precipitation did occur in all three regions, it was at a much lower rate in the apical third compared to the coronal and middle regions. In Group 1, the control group, the precipitate was thicker than in Groups 2 (saline irrigant) and 3 (3.86% sodium thiosulfate). Conclusion: Sodium thiosulfate, which is a biocompatible solution, can be used as an intermediate irrigant as it shows less precipitate as compared to saline.
The Curcumin Analog PAC Is a Potential Solution for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Modulating the Gene Expression of DNA Repair Pathways

Breast Cancer (BC) is one of the most common and challenging cancers among females worldwide. Conventional treatments for oral cancer rely on the use of radiology and surgery accompanied by chemotherapy. Chemotherapy presents many side effects, and the cells often develop resistance to this chemotherapy. It will be urgent to adopt alternative or complementary treatment strategies that are new and more effective without these negative effects to improve the well-being of patients. A substantial number of epidemiological and experimental studies reported that many compounds are derived from natural products such as curcumin and their analogs, which have a great deal of beneficial anti-BC activity by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, modulating cancer-related pathways, and sensitizing cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the curcumin-analog PAC on DNA repair pathways in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast-cancer cell lines. These pathways are crucial for genome maintenance and cancer prevention. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to PAC at 10 µM. MTT and LDH assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of PAC on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Apoptosis was assessed in breast cancer cell lines using flow cytometry with annexin/Pi assay. The expression of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic genes was determined by RT-PCR to see if PAC is active in programming cell death. Additionally, DNA repair signaling pathways were analyzed by PCR arrays focusing on genes being related and confirmed by quantitative PCR. PAC significantly inhibited breast-cancer cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner, more on MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cells. The flow cytometry results showed an increase in apoptotic activity. These data have been established by the gene expression and indicate that PAC-induced apoptosis by an increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, PAC affected multiple genes involved in the DNA repair pathways occurring in both cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231). In addition, our results suggest that PAC upregulated more than twice 16 genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, PNKP, POLL, MPG, NEIL2, NTHL1, SMUG1, RAD51D, RAD54L, RFC1, TOP3A, XRCC3, XRCC6BP1, FEN1, and TREX1) in MDA-MB-231, 6 genes (ERCC1, LIG1, PNKP, UNG, MPG, and RAD54L) in MCF-7, and 4 genes (ERCC1, PNKP, MPG, and RAD54L) in the two cell lines. In silico analysis of gene–gene interaction shows that there are common genes between MCF-7 and MDA-MB-321 having direct and indirect effects, among them via coexpression, genetic interactions, pathways, predicted and physical interactions, and shared protein domains with predicted associated genes indicating they are more likely to be functionally related. Our data show that PAC increases involvement of multiple genes in a DNA repair pathway, this certainly can open a new perspective in breast-cancer treatment.
Boosted fluctuation responses in power grids with active voltage dynamics

Secure electric energy supply and thus stable operation of power grids fundamentally relies on their capability to cope with fluctuations. Here, we study how active voltage dynamics impacts the collective response dynamics of networked power grids. We find that the systems driven by ongoing fluctuating inputs exhibit a bulk, a resonance, and a localized grid frequency response regime, as for static voltages. However, active voltage dynamics generically weakens the degree of localization in the grid, thereby intensifying and spatially extending the high-frequency responses. An analytic approximation scheme that takes into account shortest signal propagation paths among the voltage, phase angle and frequency variables result in an asymptotic lowest-order expansion that helps understanding the boosted high-frequency responses. These results moreover offer a generic tool to systematically investigate fluctuation response patterns in power grid models with and without active voltage dynamics.
Noun Phrase Accessibility and

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NK Cell-Targeted Immunotherapies in Bladder Cancer: Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitors

BACKGROUND: For decades, immunotherapies have been integral for the treatment and management of bladder cancer, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) transforming patient care in recent years. However, response rates are poor to T cell-targeted ICIs such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD- L1) blocking antibodies, framing a critical need for complementary immunotherapies. Promising strategies involve harnessing the activation potential of natural killer (NK) cells. They quickly exert their antitumor activity via signaling through germline-encoded activating receptors and are rapidly sensitized to new tissue microenvironments via their regulation by polymorphic HLA class I, KIR and NKG2A receptors. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we examined the roles of currently available NK-targeted antitumor treatment strategies such as engineered viral vectors, small-molecule IMiDs, NK agonist antibodies, interleukins, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells, and their potential for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder cancer. METHODS: Through review of current literature, we summarized our knowledge of NK cells in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies as their roles pertain to novel immunotherapies already being applied to the treatment of bladder cancer or that offer rationale for considering as potential novel immunotherapeutic strategies. RESULTS: NK cells play a critical role in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) that can be exploited to improve T cell-targeted immunotherapies. CONCLUSIONS: Emerging evidence suggests that NK cells are a prime target for improving antitumor functions in immunotherapies for the treatment of bladder cancer. Further research into profiling NK cells in settings of immunotherapies for bladder cancer could help identify patients who might maximally benefit from NK cell-targeted immunotherapies and the various approaches for exploiting their antitumor properties.
Development of Hydropower and the Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Dam Construction in China

The need to mitigate climate change and reduce carbon emissions has resulted in an increasing demand for the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy. Hydropower, in particular, has emerged as a prominent and extensively developed source of renewable energy in recent decades. This specific renewable energy harnesses the kinetic energy of falling or fast-flowing water to generate electricity. Despite being a dependable, adaptable, and cost-effective energy source, previous studies have highlighted the detrimental ecological effects of hydropower, ranging from altered land use to the disruption of natural habitats in the vicinity of dams. The main purpose of this study is two-fold. First, the change of renewable energy, particularly hydropower, is evaluated from 2000 to 2020 in China and globally, highlighting the leading role of hydropower in renewable energy generation. Second, this study aims to investigate the environmental influences of large hydroelectric dam construction and perform a case study of the Three Gorges Dam in China. The Pearson's linear correlation analysis was utilized to identify the association between hydropower and climate, and biodiversity, individually. Although dam construction can boost hydroelectricity generation, it can also have adverse effects on the regional climate and result in substantial depletion of biodiversity. This study will shed light on potentially reliable strategies to optimize the advantages of hydropower and minimize the negative environmental impacts of large-scale dam construction.
Research on binary complementary array pair set

A new perfect signal-binary complementary array pair set is presented under aperiodic correlation condition. The aperiodic correlation and equivalent transformation properties are proposed. The construction methods of 2-D complementary array pair set which is based on binary complementary sequence pairs set is presented, and the change dimension property is proved. Several binary complementary array pair sets with small volumes are searched out by computer. The research results show that this type of array signal extends the existent scope of perfect discrete signals, and are feasible for communication engineering applications.
Perspective in Renaissance Artwork-Based on the Works of Leonardo da Vinci and Albrecht Durer

The application of perspective has become ubiquitous in the field of art in todays society, yet the role that the knowledge of perspective played while in the field of painting during the Renaissance is rarely talked about. Therefore, the subject of this paper is to analyze the images of famous paintings as a way to demonstrate the application of perspective in Renaissance painting. The methodology of this paper is as follows: the authors chose two famous Renaissance artists, Leonardo da Vinci and Albrecht Drer, and selected two representative works from each of them to study, which are The Last Supper, Mona Liza, Saint Jerome in His Study and Feast of the Rosary. In the study, the authors observe the space, structure and focus of the paintings in order to analyze the relationship between painting techniques and knowledge of perspective. This study attempts to show the reader the application of perspective knowledge in the paintings.
Research on the evolution mechanism and function of science and technology innovation ecosystem from the perspective of technological progress

Science and technology innovation is a major issue to enhance the capability of independent innovation. Combining the relevant research results of innovation system theory, with the goal of improving the efficiency of the utilization of science and technology innovation resources and enhancing the vitality of science and technology innovation, the transformation of science and technology innovation paradigm is analyzed from the perspective of technological progress, and four evolutionary stages of science and technology innovation ecosystem, such as budding evolution, growth evolution, stable evolution and decline evolution, are studied. It is proposed that the science and technology innovation ecosystem has the functions of promoting the interaction and expansion of the functions of innovation factors, helping to plan and smooth the path of innovation chain, and fostering an internal and external environment favorable to innovation.
Dietary Nanocurcumin Impacts Blood Biochemical Parameters and Works Synergistically with Florfenicol in African Catfish Challenged with Aeromonas veronii

The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of nanocurcumin (NCur = 150 ppm) in African catfish feed for 15 days along with two doses of florfenicol—a therapeutic dose (FFC1 = 10 mg/kg.BW) and a high dose (FFC2 = 30 mg/kg.BW). Serum biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissues were determined post-feeding. Additionally, fish were experimentally challenged with a virulent strain of Aeromonas veronii to explore the fish’s capacity to resist infections. Results indicated that the serum level of total protein was significantly elevated in the FFC2 + Ncur group compared with control, Ncur, and FFC2 groups. Total protein level was also higher in FFC1 + Ncur compared with that of the FFC1 group. Moreover, feeding NCur, FFC1 + Ncur, and FFC2 + Ncur resulted in a significant increase in globulin levels compared to control, FFC1, and FFC2-Fed groups. However, the albumin level was unaffected. Serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, and urea significantly increased in FFC2-fed fish compared to controls indicating liver damage. The higher dosage of FFC2 induced histological alterations in the liver and kidney architecture, represented by a rupture of the central vein, cytoplasmic vacuolation, hepatocytes necrosis, and severe inflammation. Surprisingly, NCur inclusion improved most of the altered biochemical parameters and mitigated FFC-induced histological damage in the hepatic and renal tissues. Similarly, fish that were fed a combination of both FFC and Ncur showed a higher resistance when exposed to A. veronii infection, as the mortality rates were significantly lower than those of the control group. Our findings indicated that incorporating NCur into the diet can have multiple benefits for the sustainable aquaculture of African catfish. These advantages encompass mitigating drug-induced damage to the liver and kidney tissues, augmenting the therapeutic efficacy of FFC in a synergistic manner and providing protection against A. veronii infections.
New First-Line Systemic Treatment Options for Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with histologic variability depending on where in the world it is diagnosed, with most of these cancers occurring in China and other parts of Asia. Previous studies with cytotoxic chemotherapy combinations led to a plateau median overall survival of approximately 10 to 12 months, as well as a need for more effective treatment options. Cytotoxic chemotherapy served as the control arm in 3 studies that evaluated the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy + chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone; in all 3 prospective randomized trials, the addition of immunotherapy resulted in a survival benefit in the first-line relapsed/metastatic setting. Data support these immunotherapy regimens as new standard-of-care systemic therapy options for unresectable, locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic esophageal cancers, and these regimens have now been incorporated into the NCCN Guidelines.
The Roots of First-Generation Farmers: The Role of Inspiration in Starting an Organic Farm

This research aimed to determine salient factors affecting the decision to become a beginning organic farmer. New and beginning organic farmers have unique characteristics, showcasing their dedication to environmental justice and social justice at the expense of their own businesses. This research aimed to determine why people with no background in agriculture would start a farm when it is a high-risk and low-return business. With multigenerational farmers aging out of agriculture, we investigated the new generation and shifting demographics of people entering farming that will replace retiring farmers and feed our future. This research employed a multiple-case case study design. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 first-generation farmers who operate organic farms in Arkansas, Florida, or Georgia. We analyzed interview transcripts using the qualitative analysis approach of coding. Our results reveal two primary reasons why people with little practical knowledge start farms. First, they are inspired by those around them who succeed, and second, they are encouraged by influential characters in the field who assure them they can do something they love and be profitable. This research showed that first-generation farmers find inspiration and develop values rooted in food justice. Our findings have implications for developing and implementing current and future programmatic activities that aim to enhance beginning farmer training and workforce development. We identified sources of inspiration that will help researchers and service providers target newer and beginning farmers to support a vibrant food system, including burgeoning market opportunities, developing strong communities around food, and building grassroots solutions.
A Normed Space of Fuzzy Number Equivalence Classes

In our prior paper [2] we defined a fuzzy function and discussed the theory for optimizing unconstrained fuzzy functions. In that paper we described the need for a measure for comparing different possibility distributions in order to determine the decision makers preference for one distribution over another. In this paper we discuss one such measure on the space of fuzzy numbers and show that this measure defines a normed space of fuzzy numbers if we partition the space into appropriate equivalence classes. We also show that our space is complete if the supports of our fuzzy numbers are contained within a bounded subset of the real line.
Immediate and Acute Effect of Self Myofascial Release vs Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Flexibility, Strength and Sport-Specific Performance in Young Male Soccer Players

Background: Regular exercise and performance can result in microtrau-ma, which is minor damage to the muscle. The resulting inflammatory response may lead to fascia scar tissue over time, which in turn may lead to muscular dysfunction. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to compare the immediate and acute effects of SMR and IASTM on flexibility, strength and sport-specific performance in young male soccer players. Method: Twenty-seven young male soccer players were randomly assigned to receive either SMR via plain foam roller or IASTM via M2T blade. To compare the effect of interventions, subjects were assessed on measures of flexibility via sit and reach test, power through vertical jump test, agility by Illinois agility test, 20m sprint test and strength test by a dynamometer. Results: A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze differences. To test for the difference between interventions and across 3 assessments, a 3X3 split plot ANOVA with a group (control, SMR, IASTM), time (0 min, 10 mins, 20 mins) and interaction effect (Group X Time) was employed. There was a significant difference in strength during performance without intervention vs. immediately after SMR and IASTM (p=0.03). Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that SMR and IASTM did not improve physical performance in young male soccer players, but they did not hinder performance either. Even if performance does not improve, there does not seem to be any adverse effect by using either SMR or IASTM before physical activity, athletes need not be discouraged from using these tools.
The Endogenous Dual Retinoid Receptor Agonist Alitretinoin Exhibits Immunoregulatory Functions on Antigen-Presenting Cells

Retinoids are a frequently used class of drugs in the treatment of inflammatory as well as malignant skin diseases. Retinoids have differential affinity for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and/or the retinoid X receptor (RXR). The endogenous dual RAR and RXR agonist alitretinoin (9-cis retinoic acid) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in the treatment of chronic hand eczema (CHE) patients; however, detailed information on the mechanisms of action remains elusive. Here, we used CHE as a model disease to unravel immunomodulatory pathways following retinoid receptor signaling. Transcriptome analyses of skin specimens from alitretinoin-responder CHE patients identified 231 significantly regulated genes. Bioinformatic analyses indicated keratinocytes as well as antigen presenting cells as cellular targets of alitretinoin. In keratinocytes, alitretinoin interfered with inflammation-associated barrier gene dysregulation as well as antimicrobial peptide induction while markedly inducing hyaluronan synthases without affecting hyaluronidase expression. In monocyte-derived dendritic cells, alitretinoin induced distinct morphological and phenotypic characteristics with low co-stimulatory molecule expression (CD80 and CD86), the increased secretion of IL-10 and the upregulation of the ecto-5′-nucleotidase CD73 mimicking immunomodulatory or tolerogenic dendritic cells. Indeed, alitretinoin-treated dendritic cells demonstrated a significantly reduced capacity to activate T cells in mixed leukocyte reactions. In a direct comparison, alitretinoin-mediated effects were significantly stronger than those observed for the RAR agonist acitretin. Moreover, longitudinal monitoring of alitretinoin-responder CHE patients could confirm in vitro findings. Taken together, we demonstrate that the dual RAR and RXR agonist alitretinoin targets epidermal dysregulation and demonstrates strong immunomodulatory effects on antigen presenting cell functions.
Analysis on the cognitive mechanism of semantic relevance of icons in industrial systems

This study aims to use N400 components to verify the matching degree of icon design scheme and corresponding semantic vocabulary. The results of behavioral experiments show that the response speed of related semantic words is significantly faster than that of irrelevant semantic words, the subjects are more sensitive to the semantic processing of icon-related semantic words, and the recognition accuracy of irrelevant semantic words is significantly lower than that of related semantic intention words. The analysis results of N400 components show that the activation of the frontal lobe of irrelevant semantic words is significantly higher than that of related semantic words, the N400 amplitude of irrelevant semantic words is larger, and the average voltage is higher, indicating that when the user's subjective judgment of icons and the semantic meaning of the words are presented The higher the degree of deviation, the greater the degree of N400 activation. The study confirmed that N400 can be used as a physiological detection method to verify the correlation between semantic words and icon design.