Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements of atmospheric γ rays between 10 and 200 MeV

The intensity and energy spectrum of secondary γ radiation near the top of the atmosphere have been measured at cutoff rigidities of 4.5 and 11.5 GV. These measurements were made with a balloon-borne telescope sensitive to photons between 10 and 200 MeV and consisting of a stack of nuclear emulsions used in conjunction with a wide-gap spark chamber. The rates of growth of γ rays in this energy range, as a function of atmospheric depth, are (2.54±0.56) × 10−3 and (1.17±0.32) × 10−3 γ/cm² sr g cm−2 at 4.5- and 11.5-GV cutoffs, respectively. The differential spectrum has been determined with an energy resolution of ≈(+30,-16)% and is consistent with previous measurements at 4.5 GV made at higher and lower energies. However, this is the first measurement that clearly exhibits the two-component nature of the atmospheric γ ray spectrum. Differences existing between the measured spectral shapes and calculations are discussed.
Polarization of the 61st harmonic from 1053-nm laser radiation in neon

We report the polarization measurement of a very high order (59th and 61st order, $\ensuremath{\sim}$17 nm) harmonic. A Mo-Si multilayer mirror is used as a polarizer with reflectivity of 60% and polarization analyzing power close to unity around a wavelength of 17 nm. We observe that for these high harmonics in Ne there is no rotation of the polarization ellipse with respect to the fundamental laser polarization, even though the harmonics are in the plateau. For linear and slightly elliptical laser polarization the harmonics still remain linearly polarized. These findings are supported by a full theoretical simulation, which includes spatiotemporal integration and phase matching of the emitted harmonic radiation.
Adaptive permutation tests for serial independence

Permutation tests for serial independence using three different statistics based on empirical distributions are proposed. These tests are shown to be consistent under the alternative of m‐dependence and are all simple to perform in practice. A small simulation study demonstrates that the proposed tests have good power in small samples. The tests are then applied to Canadian gross domestic product (GDP data), corroborating the random‐walk hypothesis of GDP growth.
A theory on geoid modelling by spectral combination of data from satellite gravity gradiometry, terrestrial gravity and an Earth Gravitational Model

In precise geoid modelling the combination of terrestrial gravity data and an Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) is standard. The proper combination of these data sets is of great importance, and spectral combination is one alternative utilized here. In this method data from satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG), terrestrial gravity and an EGM are combined in a least squares sense by minimizing the expected global mean square error. The spectral filtering process also allows the SGG data to be downward continued to the Earth’s surface without solving a system of equations, which is likely to be ill-conditioned. Each practical formula is presented as a combination of one or two integral formulas and the harmonic series of the EGM.Numerical studies show that the kernels of the integral part of the geoid and gravity anomaly estimators approach zero at a spherical distance of about 5°. Also shown (by the expected root mean square errors) is the necessity to combine EGM08 with local data, such as terrestrial gravimetric data, and/or SGG data to attain the 1-cm accuracy in local geoid determination.
Research on rehabilitation training system for older autistic

In recent years, the number of people with autism increases gradually, and they get more social attention. But the current attention is mainly focused on children with autism, most of the autistic children can receive compulsory education, but they are seldom concerned once they graduate from school as the growth of the age. The rehabilitation of older autistic is in the vacuum state after they leaving school system and the family caregivers of them have huge pressure. What is more serious is that the condition of older autistic gets bad once they stop the rehabilitation training, so this paper studies and designs a rehabilitation training system for older autistic. It mainly includes the evaluation module, the general training module and the space environment module. The training system can evaluate physical condition of older autistic and then recommend rational training scheme, as well as, it can simulate various spatial environments and simple social occasions. The training system is appropriate for the family or other rehabilitation training institution when the older autistic graduate from school, it can provide good effect on the autistic.
Severe Cytomegalovirus Encephalomyelitis and Polyradiculitis in the Immunocompetent: An Unusual Case of Critical Illness

Central and peripheral nervous system infection due to cytomegalovirus (CMV) is extremely rare in immunocompetent patients. Here, we present an unusual case of a young immunocompetent African-American woman who developed a severe form of CMV encephalomyelitis and polyradiculitis with a prolonged and complicated hospital course. The patient was treated with a prolonged course of antiviral medications and showed some improvement in her symptoms. This unusual presentation adds to the limited literature on the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of severe CMV infection in immunocompetent hosts.
An Empirical Test of the Momentum Effect of China's STAR Market: The Study Based on the Listed Company’s Turnover Rate

Momentum effect is a hot topic of research in both academia and industry, and it is also a key point of whether 'chasing the upside and downside' strategy can be adopted. Many studies in the whole Chinese A-share market show that there is no significant momentum effect, and in order to further dissect the existence of momentum effect in the Chinese stock market, this paper selects the monthly stock data of the Science and Technology Innovation Board (SSE STAR Market) from 2020 to 2022 monthly stock data to test the momentum effect based on the grouping of turnover rates on the momentum strategy construction method of Jagadeesh and Titman. The empirical study finds that: (1) there is no significant momentum effect in the monthly frequency of both high and low turnover rates in China's STAR market; while there is a significant momentum effect in the medium turnover rate; (2) the combined momentum effect of medium-term and long-term is most significant in the medium turnover rate. (3) There is no significant reversal effect in the monthly portfolio in the whole STAR market.
Estimated number of field stars toward Galactic globular clusters and Local Group Galaxies

Field star densities are estimated for 89 fields with /b/ greater than 10 degrees based on the Galaxy model of Bahcall and Soneira (1980, 1984; Bahcall et al. 1985). Calculated tables are presented for 76 of the fields toward Galactic globular clusters, and 16 Local Group Galaxies in 13 fields. The estimates can be used as an initial guide for planning both ground-based and Space Telescope observations of globular clusters at intermediate-to-high Galactic latitudes.
FokI polymorphism in the vitamin D receptor gene in patients with hip osteoarthritis: A case-control study

Objectives This study aimed to examine whether there is an association between hip osteoarthritis and vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphisms. Patients and methods In this case-control study, a total of 162 volunteers (43 males, 119 females; mean age: 62.4±9.3; range, 50 to 80 years) were included between March 2011 and March 2012. The patient group included 80 individuals with a diagnosis of coxarthrosis. Eighty-two individuals with normal hip, low back, and sacroiliac joint examination were included in the control group. The American College of Rheumatology hip osteoarthritis classification criteria were used in the diagnosis of coxarthrosis. Analysis of FokI polymorphisms was performed with restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results When the genotype and allele distributions of vitamin D receptor FokI polymorphisms were examined, no statistical difference was found in both groups. Conclusion No significant association between the hip osteoarthritis and FokI polymorphisms could be obtained.
The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines, Second Edition

Abstract As computation continues to move into the cloud, the computing platform of interest no longer resembles a pizza box or a refrigerator, but a warehouse full of computers. These new large datacenters are quite different from traditional hosting facilities of earlier times and cannot be viewed simply as a collection of co-located servers. Large portions of the hardware and software resources in these facilities must work in concert to efficiently deliver good levels of Internet service performance, something that can only be achieved by a holistic approach to their design and deployment. In other words, we must treat the datacenter itself as one massive warehouse-scale computer (WSC). We describe the architecture of WSCs, the main factors influencing their design, operation, and cost structure, and the characteristics of their software base. We hope it will be useful to architects and programmers of today’s WSCs, as well as those of future many-core platforms which may one day implement the equivale.
Does Density Matter? The Significance of Comparative Historical Variation in Unionization

This article reviews the variations in aggregate union density in fifteen industrialized societies over the period 1960-2000. Drawing critically on a range of literatures, it argues that density is a valuable if imperfect expression of the weight of the infrastructure of joint regulation. Whilst density levels cannot express the character or anatomy of this regulation, they broadly depict the constraints imposed on managerial prerogative by routinized joint regulation.
Drop Freezing Through Drop Breakup

Abstract Evidence supporting the hypothesis that the first particles of ice in small cumulonimbus clouds way form as a result of a mechanism involving the violent breakup of drops is presented. The hypothesis is supported by observations that: (1) ice nucleation occurs at relatively warm temperatures if a supercooled drop is subjected to a shock wave; (2) the bag mode of drop breakup occurs when drops are subjected to a shock wave; (3) and, the bag mode of drop breakup may occur in natural clouds even though the air is motionless except for turbulence introduced by the cloud drops themselves (i.e., shock waves or unnatural forms of turbulence are not required to promote the bag mode of drop breakup). The mechanism can only he effective in cases when clouds contain large supercooled drops. It is believed that the hypothesized mechanism may supply a critical link in the understanding of cloud glaciation by providing a means of triggering the avalanche mechanism involving ice splinter formation during drop f.
Positive youth development outcomes and environmental education: a review of research

ABSTRACT With a shared focus on resiliency, agency, and pro-sociality, environmental education and positive youth development (PYD) have numerous intersections. Recognizing and supporting this synergy can help both fields achieve their goals, namely increased pro-environmental action and improved youth outcomes. To better understand this convergence, we undertook a systematic review to explore what environmental education outcomes reported in the peer-reviewed literature support PYD. We searched empirical research and identified 60 relevant studies. Qualitative coding revealed environmental educators are supporting PYD with a range of audiences and in varied settings via documented outcomes from all categories of the 5Cs model of PYD: competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring. Analysis revealed eight programme strategies and approaches that support PYD outcome development, including incorporating meaningful daily-life connections; emphasizing student-centred activities; and building in opportunities for teamwork, environmental action, and experiential learning. We conclude with research and practice implications for PYD and environmental education.
Study of Stress Intensity Factor in Corrugated Plate Using Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM)

The presence of crack with different lengths and locations in structure of corrugated plate is studied. XFEM is along with enrichment function based on partition of unity is used for the calculation of stresses due to the presence of crack. Stress intensity factors (K I ) and relations for shape factors (C) are calculated for the four most common crack orientations and loading conditions. Results showed that crack in the flange with load perpendicular to corrugation direction yields higher values of K I and C in addition to wider spread of stress concentration contours than the web. When loading becomes parallel to corrugation direction, the stress intensity factor and C factor become remarkably less due to the corrugation stiffness. Third mode K III is appeared in the fourth case in addition to the presence of the first mode K I due to 45 o inclination of the web and applied load direction
Spectral constraints on Seyfert 2 galaxies as major contributors to the hard (3-100 keV) X-ray background

It has been suggested that the flat spectrum of the X-ray background (XRB) above 3 keV and below ∼15 keV could be explained by the superposition of absorbed sources at different redshifts. To explain the steepening of the XRB spectrum above ∼15 keV, the intrinsic source spectrum should cut off at ∼50-100 keV, as observed in NGC 4151 and galactic black hole candidates. Here, assuming that Seyfert 2 galaxies are Seyfert 1 galaxies obscured by intervening matter in the line of sight, as postulated by the unified model, and that they provide the major contribution to the XRB in the 3-100 keV energy range, we derive some constraints on their spectrum and evolution, and indicate, in view of future ASCA measurements, the use of iron spectral features as a test of the model
Improving Convergence Speed of Bat Algorithm Using Multiple Pulse Emissions along Multiple Directions

Metaheuristic algorithms are effectively used in searching some optical solution space. for optical solution. It is basically the type of local search generalization that can provide useful solutions for issues related to optimization. Several benefits are associated with this type of algorithms due to that such algorithms can be better to solve many issues in an effective way. To provide fast and accurate solutions to huge range of complex issues is one main benefit metaheuristic algorithms. Some metaheuristic algorithms are effectively used to classify the problems and BAT Algorithm (BA) is one of them is more popular in use to sort out issues related to optimization of theoretical and realistic. Sometimes BA fails to find global optima and gets stuck in local optima because of the absence of investigation and manipulation. We have improved the BA to boost its local searching ability and diminish the premature problem. An improved equation of search with more necessary information through the search is set for the generation of the solution. Test set of benchmark functions are utilized to verify the proposed method’s performance. The results of simulation showed that proposed methods are best optimal solution as compare to others.
Optimization of production planning problem with continuously distributed time-lags

This paper considers a production and inventory problem in which the utility or potential of an item gradually reduces with the passage of time, such as grain, photographic film and electronic component. The aim of this paper is to determine the production rate of the decaying item in a way that minimizes the current value of total cost using optimal control theory. For the model developed, a computational procedure of finding an optimal solution is developed. The steady-state solution and the properties of the optimal solution for the case of constant rate of decay are discussed.
Reliability-Based Approach to Linear Covariance Control Design

An extension to classical covariance control methods introduced by Skelton and coworkers, is proposed specifically for application to the control of civil engineering structures subjected to random dynamic excitations. The covariance structure of the system is developed directly from specification of its reliability via the assumption of independent (Poisson) outcrossings of its stationary response process from a polyhedral safe region. This leads to a set of state covariance controllers, each of which guarantees that the closed-loop system will possess the specified level of reliability. Several example problems are considered.
The Perks of Online Selling: Shared Experiences and Defying Challenges

Aim: This study aimed at exploring and documenting the experiences of online sellers and determine their struggles on online selling amidst the pandemic. Research Design: This qualitative research utilized phenomenology as strategy of inquiry to better understand the experiences and challenges of online sellers. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the pandemic in a state university in the Philippines. Methodology: The study used purposive sampling involving eight participants who have been doing part-time online selling during the pandemic. These participants got engaged in the sphere of online selling to gain additional profit for themselves and family. Results: Online sellers were faced with various challenges as they do their sphere. They need to deal with impatient and inconsiderate buyers, unpredictable stocks and prices, competition in the market and unguaranteed quality of items. But despite of these challenges and struggles, online sellers describe online selling not only as a platform for marketing but a tool to gain new friends and widen their market horizons. It has also become a source of fun and income. Online selling also tests sellers to strategize and use their skills and creativity so they can be successful at it. Conclusions: Online selling can be a decent opportunity and a challenging endeavor that one can venture on. This became even more challenging during the occurrence of pandemic but it also offered additional profit and advantages for those doing it.
Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous-Alcoholic Extract of Artemisia Turanica against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): An in vitro Study

Introduction: Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are on the rise worldwide. Over the last few decades, new compounds of natural origins have regained interest as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of MRSA infections. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Artemisia Turanica extract, a native plant of Iran. Material & Methods: The plant was subjected to aqueous-alcoholic extraction, and its antibacterial effects were then evaluated using the disk diffusion method. All tests were performed in triplicate, and the mean diameter of the growth inhibition zone was recorded. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against MRSA were determined using the micro broth dilution method . (Ethic
An Isocurvature Model for Early Galaxy Assembly

The evidence for early assembly of the central parts of the giant galaxies is a challenge for the adiabatic cold dark matter (CDM) model for structure formation; it more readily fits an isocurvature version where homogeneity is broken by CDM that is the remnant of a massive scalar field frozen from quantum fluctuations during inflation. In this picture the primeval CDM mass distribution is proportional to the square of a random Gaussian process, so for a given power spectrum the prominent upward density fluctuations have contrast about three times that of a Gaussian process. This could lead to the assembly of spheroids at redshift z ~ 10 in concentrations outside of which generally smaller fluctuations become the Lyα forest at z ~ 3 and dwarf galaxies at z ~ 1, as the evidence suggests.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Gold and Copper Nanoparticles from Salvadora persica Fruit Extracts and Their Biological Properties

Introduction Metal nanoparticle synthesis using plant has emerged as an eco-friendly, clean, and viable strategy alternative to chemical and physical approaches. Methods The fruit extract of Salvadora persica (SP) was utilized as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of gold (AuNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles. Results UV–Vis spectra of the AuNPs and CuNPs showed peaks at the wavelengths of 530 nm and 440 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed that nanoparticles exhibited a mainly spherical form, with a distribution range of 100 to 113 nm in diameter for AuNPs and of 130 to 135 nm in diameter for CuNPs. While energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was able to confirm the existence of AuNPs and CuNPs. The alcoholic extract of the fruit SP was analyzed by GC-MS in order to identify whether or not it contained any active phytochemicals. Fourier-transform infrared spectra confirmed the presence capping functional biomolecules of SP on the surface of nanoparticles that acts as stabilizers. Analysis of the zeta potential revealed that NPs with high degree of stability, as demonstrated by a strong negative potential value in the range of 25.2 to 28.7 mV. Results showed that both green AuNPs and CuNPs have potential antimicrobial activity against human pathogens such gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria, with CuNPs having antimicrobial activity higher than AuNPs. In addition, AuNPs and CuNPs have promising antioxidant and anticancer properties when applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Studies of molecular docking of SP bioactive compounds were conducted against methenyl tetrahydrofolate synthetase. Among all of them, Beta – Sitosterol was the most prominent. Conclusion These AuNPs and CuNPs are particularly appealing in a variety of applications in the pharmaceutical and medicinal industries due to their economical and environmentally friendly production.
Biological applications of time series frequency domain clustering

Clustering methods are used routinely to form groups of objects with similar characteristics. Collections of time series datasets appear in several biological applications. Some of these applications require grouping the observed time series data to homogeneous clusters. We review methods for time series frequency domain based clustering with emphasis on applications. Our point of view is that an appropriate notion of clustering for time series data can be developed by means of the spectral density function and its sample counterpart, the periodogram. For the development of frequency domain based clustering algorithms, it is required to define suitable similarity (or dissimilarity) measures. We review several such measures and we discuss various clustering algorithms in this context. Biological applications of time series frequency domain clustering are studied along with interesting complementary approaches.
The Effect of Service Quality and Product Quality on Indihome Customer Satisfaction in Bandar Lampung City

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality and product quality on Indihome consumer satisfaction. The level of customer satisfaction with an item or service will reflect the level of success of the company in marketing its products. So that's why this study was conducted which aims to determine whether the quality of service and product quality affect indihome customer satisfaction in the city of Bandar Lampung. The variables used in this study are service quality, product quality and customer satisfaction. This study uses quantitative methods, with a sample of 30 people. The data was collected using a questionnaire method and hypothesis testing in this study using the SmartPLS 3 program.