Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the number of segregating sites for populations with large family sizes

We present recursions for the total number, S n , of mutations in a sample of n individuals, when the underlying genealogical tree of the sample is modelled by a coalescent process with mutation rate r>0. The coalescent is allowed to have simultaneous multiple collisions of ancestral lineages, which corresponds to the existence of large families in the underlying population model. For the subclass of Λ-coalescent processes allowing for multiple collisions, such that the measure Λ(dx)/x is finite, we prove that S n /(nr) converges in distribution to a limiting variable, S, characterized via an exponential integral of a certain subordinator. When the measure Λ(dx)/x 2 is finite, the distribution of S coincides with the stationary distribution of an autoregressive process of order 1 and is uniquely determined via a stochastic fixed-point equation of the form with specific independent random coefficients A and B. Examples are presented in which explicit representations for (the density of) S are available. We conjecture that S n /E(S n )→1 in probability if the measure Λ(dx)/x is infinite.
Two Pitfalls in Survival Analyses of Time-Dependent Exposure: A Case Study in a Cohort of Oscar Nominees

Bias is a common concern in applications of survival analysis. The reason for it is often related to sampling schemes or time-dependent intermediate events. In many situations the bias can be avoided by a proper statistical analysis. In this tutorial we explain why and how results are biased if the temporal dynamics are not adequately modeled. Multistate models provide a relevant framework to display and circumvent certain types of survival bias. Using a publicly available database of Oscar nominees, we focus on length bias as well as time-dependent bias. Motivating examples are given of how both types occur in the literature. Interestingly, in the Oscar example length bias and time-dependent bias have opposite effects in terms of the direction of the estimation bias. We further recall techniques which are available and implemented in statistical softwares to avoid these types of bias. A better understanding of these issues may prevent these biases and improve the statistical analysis in medical and other fields.
Online SFRA for Reliability of Power Systems: Characterization of a Batch of Healthy and Damaged Induction Motors for Predictive Maintenance

Asynchronous motors represent a large percentage of motors used in the electrical industry. Suitable predictive maintenance techniques are strongly required when these motors are critical in their operations. Continuous non-invasive monitoring techniques can be investigated to avoid the disconnection of the motors under test and service interruption. This paper proposes an innovative predictive monitoring system based on the online sweep frequency response analysis (SFRA) technique. The testing system applies variable frequency sinusoidal signals to the motors and then acquires and processes the applied and response signals in the frequency domain. In the literature, SFRA has been applied to power transformers and electric motors switched off and disconnected from the main grid. The approach described in this work is innovative. Coupling circuits allow for the injection and acquisition of the signals, while grids feed the motors. A comparison between the transfer functions (TFs) of healthy motors and those with slight damage was performed with a batch of 1.5 kW, four-pole induction motors to investigate the technique’s performance. The results show that the online SFRA could be of interest for monitoring induction motors’ health conditions, especially for mission-critical and safety-critical applications. The overall cost of the whole testing system, including the coupling filters and cables, is less than EUR 400.
Exact parameter estimation from. relay autotuning under static load disturbances

Obtaining the parameters for PID controllers based on limit cycle information from the process in a relay controlled feedback loop has become an accepted practical procedure. If the form of the plant transfer function is known, exact expressions for the limit cycle frequency and amplitude can be derived in terms of the plant parameters, so that their measurements, assumed error free, can be used to calculate the parameter values. In the literature to date the solutions have only been considered for odd symmetrical limit cycles which will not be the situation when constant disturbances exist. Use of these expressions will lead to errors when the limit cycle is not odd symmetrical. The paper reports on exact parameter estimation for stable and unstable FOPDT or SOPDT plant transfer functions from relay autotuning under static load disturbances where the limit cycles are asymmetrical.
Mast Cells in Regeneration of the Skin in Burn Wound with Special Emphasis on Molecular Hydrogen Effect

The mechanisms of regeneration for the fibrous component of the connective tissue of the dermis are still insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of molecular hydrogen on the local therapy of a II degree burn wound with the intensification of collagen fibrillogenesis in the skin. We analyzed the involvement of mast cells (MCs) in the regeneration of the collagen fibers of the connective tissue using water with a high content of molecular hydrogen and in a therapeutic ointment for the cell wounds. Thermal burns led to an increase in the skin MC population, accompanied by a systemic rearrangement of the extracellular matrix. The use of molecular hydrogen for the treatment of burn wounds stimulated the regeneration processes by activating the formation of the fibrous component of the dermis, accelerating wound healing. Thus, the intensification of collagen fibrillogenesis was comparable to the effects of a therapeutic ointment. The remodeling of the extracellular matrix correlated with a decrease in the area of damaged skin. Skin regeneration induced by the activation of the secretory activity of MCs may be one of the possible points of implementation of the biological effects of molecular hydrogen in the treatment of burn wounds. Thus, the positive effects of molecular hydrogen on skin repair can be used in clinical practice to increase the effectiveness of therapy after thermal exposure.
High order mode oscillation in a terahertz photonic-band-gap multibeam reflex klystron

TM330-like higher order mode was excited in a multibeam reflex klystron oscillator employing a hybrid photonic-band-gap (PBG) cavity using a three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. One side of a conventional metal cavity was replaced with a dielectric photonic crystal lattice to form a hybrid PBG resonator that uses lattice band-gap effects resulting in a more uniform field of a higher order mode as well as the exclusion of some conventional-cavity-type modes, thereby reducing mode competition. Simulated reflex klystron in the hybrid PBG cavity produced an output power much higher than could be delivered in a conventional metal cavity.
The Management of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients: An Overview of the Literature

Background and objectives: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) represents a decreased cognitive performance in patients undergoing general anesthesia for major surgery. Since liver cirrhosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, cirrhotic patients also assemble many risk factors for POCD. Therefore, preserving cognition after major surgery is a priority, especially in this group of patients. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of perioperative therapeutic strategies in terms of cognitive dysfunction reduction. Data Collection: Using medical search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane library, we analyzed articles on topics such as: POCD, perioperative management in patients with cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy, general anesthesia in patients with liver cirrhosis, depth of anesthesia, virtual reality in perioperative settings. We included 115 relevant original articles, reviews and meta-analyses, and other article types such as case reports, guidelines, editorials, and medical books. Results: According to the reviewed literature, the predictive capacity of the common clinical tools used to quantify cognitive dysfunction in cirrhotic settings is reduced in perioperative settings; however, novel neuropsychological tools could manage to better identify the subclinical forms of perioperative cognitive impairments in cirrhotic patients. Moreover, patients with preoperative hepatic encephalopathy could benefit from specific preventive strategies aimed to reduce the risk of further neurocognitive deterioration. Intraoperatively, the adequate monitoring of the anesthesia depth, appropriate anesthetics use, and an opioid-sparing technique have shown favorable results in terms of POCD. Early recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols should be implemented in the postoperative setting. Other pharmacological strategies provided conflicting results in reducing POCD in cirrhotic patients. Conclusions: The perioperative management of the cognitive function of cirrhotic patients is challenging for anesthesia providers, with specific and targeted therapies for POCD still sparse. Therefore, the implementation of preventive strategies appears to remain the optimal attitude. Further research is needed for a better understanding of POCD, especially in cirrhotic patients.
Integrated recovery/recapture data analysis

The integration of recovery and recapture data, providing information on the same individuals, is important for the stable fitting of a wide range of stochastic models, resulting in more realistic estimates of survival probabilities of wild animals than when either the recovery or recapture data are used separately. Previous integrated analyses have either concentrated on time-dependent parameters only or, in the age-dependent case, have not provided a flexible framework for model refinement and selection. We derive the likelihood for a general integrated model, allowing both age-and time-dependent parameters. The work of this paper was motivated by a set of recapture histories on shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), for which biological knowledge and previous data analysis suggest age dependence in both survival and recapture probabilities. We use these data to illustrate the general method. All model fitting is done by the method of maximum likelihood and the programming is done in MATLAB. For the shags, we found an annual survival probability of 0.87 (standard error 0.01) for birds of breeding age and 0.70 (0.02) for birds in their second and third years. First-year survival varied widely with time about an average of 0.46.
Transparency – a patient-centric view on radiopharmaceutical extravasations

Most radiopharmaceuticals are intravenously administered during nuclear medicine imaging or therapy procedures. When a nuclear medicine clinician delivers some or all of a radioactive drug into a patient's healthy tissue rather than the vein as intended, a patient experiences an extravasation. Radiopharmaceutical extravasations provide zero patient benefit and considerable potential downsides, depending on the severity of the extravasations. What nuclear medicine patients want and need regarding the administration of radiopharmaceuticals is transparency. And yet in the year 2023, little transparency exists regarding these extravasations. From the patient perspective, transparency regarding extravasations is essential to improving care, ensuring radiation protection, reducing health inequities, and untangling the deeply disturbing and irregular relationship between the nuclear medicine community and their regulating body, The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Transparency is also critical to help address many other questions regarding radiopharmaceutical extravasations.
End‐Effector Trajectory Tracking of Serial Flexible Manipulators

Light weight manipulator design results in low energy consumption and allow often high working speeds. However, due to the increased system flexibility undesired vibrations occur. Thus, in the control design these flexibilities must be taken into account. In order to obtain a good performance in end‐effector trajectory tracking an efficient feedforward control is used, which is then supplemented by additional feedback control to account for small disturbances and uncertainties. (© 2012 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Edge waves forced by short-wave groups

On the basis of the theory for infragravity waves induced by short-wave groups developed by Schäffer (1993), three-dimensional infragravity waves are analysed. The theory relies on the linearized depth-integrated conservation equations for mass and momentum combined to give a second-order long-wave equation with forcing expressions in terms of the radiation stress. This forcing gives a dynamic set-up originating from oscillations of the break-point position and a dynamic set-down bound to the short-wave groups. For small angles of incidence leaky-mode solutions are found while trapped modes appear when the primary waves are sufficiently oblique. In the latter case resonant edge-wave excitation may occur. A semi-analytical steady-state solution for the infragravity motion is presented. The solution is restricted to periodicity along a plane beach connected to a shelf and valid only for small primary-wave modulations.
A Review on Electric Vehicle Adaptation: Challenges, Standards and Policy Options

With the economic growth and industrial revolution, the world is witnessing burgeoning growth in vehicles on the road. Soon, the transport sector became the largest energy consumer after the industrial sector. However, at the same time, it also appeared as the primary source of emission of greenhouse gases and air pollution worldwide. Conventional transport technology uses an internal combustion engine that operates on fossil fuels. However, fossil fuel is depleting continuously. It leads a movement toward an alternative transport technology. Consequently, Electric Vehicles (EVs) evolved and grabbed the attention of governments and automobile companies worldwide. Many strategies, policies, and schemes are adopted to promote it. Still, its market share is relatively low. To adopt electric vehicles primarily, it must satisfy worldwide standards. Government policies and regulations also need to be developed and examined from time to time. This article investigates electric vehicle standards, related policies, and regulations.
Construction and Validation of Newly Developed Triangle Test of Reactive Agility in School Children

PURPOSE: Agility is described as a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to the different stimuli. Scientific research identified two independent types of agility performances: pre-planned agility (CODS) and non-planned agility (RAG). CODS represent generic movement patterns. They can mimic the demands of a sport but all of the movements are pre-planned. In CODS there is no response to a stimulus like in RAG where movements are in response to cues such as the movements of the ball or actions of the opposition players. Literature review show lack of studies that assessed CODS and RAG in children, most probably due insufficiency in quality testing protocols. Hence, the purpose of this study was construction and validation of newly developed agility test that measures RAG performances in children. METHODS: For this purpose, the Blaze Pod system (BP) was used. Three lighting pods were mounted on three 50 cm cones in triangle formation with 4,5 meters distance between cones (TRGA). Results were collected via BP app. Four movement patterns were used to test RAG. Start and finish of the tests were conducted with the tap on BP pods. The sample comprised of 80 elementary school children (boys; n=39, age=14.88±0.36 yrs, height=174,3±7,46 cm, mass 67,86±16,78 kg, and girls; n=41, age=14.85±0.31 yrs, height=167.49±5.72 cm, mass=59.34±10.54 kg). Statistical analysis included calculation of normality of distribution, reliability coefficients, correlations and analysis of variance. RESULTS: Tests showed acceptable reliability with CA=0.58, ICC=0.32 for boys and CA=0.78, ICC=0.55 for girls. Inter-item correlations were higher in girls’ sample (r=0.49-0.64) than in boys (r=0.27-0.41). Also, test showed good sensitivity, normal data distribution and good homogeneity with no differences between items (boys; F=0.07, p=0.93; girls; F=0.13, p=0.88). Better reliability of TRAG test for girls is most probably caused by gender morphological differences. Namely, we observed greater standard deviations (SD) of height (BH) and mass (BM) in boys (boys; BH=7.37, BM=16.97; girls; BH=5.68, BM=9.7) and scientific research confirmed negative influence of BM and BH on reactive agility performance. CONCLUSION: Altogether, newly constructed TRGA test seems to be reliable instrument for measuring reactive agility in pubescent boys and girls. Keywords: non-planned agility, metric characteristics, pubescents, gender
Influence of Parylene F Coatings on the Wetting Properties of Soft Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)

Understanding the wettability of soft surfaces is of key importance for the development of protective and repellent coatings and controlling droplet dynamics when required. There are many factors that affect the wetting and dynamic dewetting behavior of soft surfaces, such as the formation of wetting ridges, the adaptive behavior of the surface caused by the interaction of the fluid with the surface, or the presence of free oligomers that are washed out of the soft surface. In this work, we report the fabrication and characterization of three soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces with elastic moduli ranging from 7 kPa to 56 kPa. The dynamic dewetting behavior of liquids with different surface tensions was studied on these surfaces, and the data show soft and adaptive wetting behavior of the soft PDMS, as well as the presence of free oligomers. Thin layers of Parylene F (PF) were introduced to the surfaces and their influence on the wetting properties was studied. We show that the thin layers of PF prevent adaptive wetting by preventing the diffusion of liquids into the soft PDMS surfaces and by causing the loss of the soft wetting state. The dewetting properties of the soft PDMS are enhanced, leading to low sliding angles of ≤10° for water, ethylene glycol, and diiodomethane. Therefore, the introduction of a thin PF layer can be used to control wetting states and to increase the dewetting behavior of soft PDMS surfaces.
ESTIMATE THE CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME HEAVY METALS IN SOME SHOES POLISH SAMPLES

The contents of some heavy metals (Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Cobalt) were determined in some shoes polish samples collected from local markets at El – Beida City, Libya. The flam atomic absorption was used to estimate the concentrations of the selected metals. The results of the studied metals showed that the cobalt contents were ranged between (0.93-2.69 µg /g), while the contents of lead were ranged between (1.21-1.84 µg/g). The contents of copper were fluctuated between (0.42-0.84µg / g) and the contents of cadmium ranged between (0.35 -0.56 µg /g). The high values of the selected heavy metals were related to the lead (pb), (Average value 1.48 µg / g) and cobalt (average value 1.89 µg / g). On the other side the low value was related to cadmium and copper, with averages (0.11 and 0.19 µg / g) respectively.
Quadrature formulae invariant to the symmetry group of an n-dimensional simplex for a spherically symmetric weight function

In this paper we construct some quadrature formulae (including those of the Gaussian type) of the second-fifth orders, which are invariant to the symmetry group of an η-dimensional simplex, for an arbitrary spherically symmetric weight function in R. The author [5,6] has constructed several quadrature formulae invariant to an icosahedral symmetry group for a spherically symmetric weight function in R. The quadrature formulae of the seventh and ninth orders, which are invariant to the symmetry group of an η-dimensional octahedron, are obtained in [11]. The quadrature formulae of the third-seventh orders, which are invariant to a 24-hedron symmetry group in A, are given in [7]. Mysovskikh has constructed some quadrature formulae of the Gaussian type for a ball, which are invariant to the symmetry group of an η-dimensional simplex. These are a quadrature second-order formula with n + 1 nodes and a quadrature fifth-order formula with (π + l)(n + 2) nodes (see [9,10]). Some data necessary for further consideration is given in [4] and in the references therein. Suppose 5 is a unit sphere in B^ and W is an η-dimensional (right) simplex inscribed in the unit sphere. The coordinate representation of W is given in [4]. Suppose the points A? are the vertices of W, A] are the projections of the midpoints of the edges of W onto the sphere 5, and A* are the projections of the centres of the ^-dimensional faces of an η-dimensional simplex onto the sphere 5. Analogously we denote by A*,· the projections of the centres of the ^-dimensional faces of an η-dimensional simplex onto the sphere Srj of radius r,· (for k = 0 vertices of W), the points on the unit sphere denoted as above. Let Nk = C*l\ be the number of fc-dimensional faces of the simplex W. We denote by G = Sym W the W symmetry group, i.e. the group of all the linear transformations in , which map the η-dimensional simplex W into itself. In [1] it is shown that the group G is generated by reflections. There exist n homogeneous polynomials (forms) /i,/2, . ,/n invariant to the group G, which are generatrices in the algebra of all the polynomials invariant to the group G. Further vk = deg(Ik) = k + 1. Any monomial from the algebra of invariant polynomials may be represented as /f/^*. /"-Γ ̂ n» * Ais representation is unique. The explicit form of the invariant polynomials /i, /2, h is given in [4]. •Russian Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow 123182, Russia The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for the Basic Research (96-01-00163).