Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quaternary geomagnetic field intensity: Constant periodicity or variable period?

Paleomagnetic results are presented from a core, KH 90‐3‐5, in the Melanesia basin and are correlated with the previously obtained results from two cores, KH 73‐4‐7, KH 73‐4‐8, in the same basin in a period between 0.04 Ma and 1.1 Ma. The sediments in the three cores are composed mostly of calcareous ooze. It has been shown that the variation in the saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) in the two cores is caused neither by deposition‐rate variation of magnetic minerals nor by rock‐magnetic inhomogeneity but almost solely by variations in CaCO3 dissolution. A close similarity between the variation in the SIRM in the two cores and the variation in the initial susceptibility (κ) in KH 90‐3‐5 has enabled us to correlate among the cores, and also means negligible rock‐magnetic inhomogeneity in the core. A time versus depth correlation has been established from the δ18O record of KH 90‐3‐5. The relative paleointensity record estimated from the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) normalized by κ in KH 90‐3‐5 and those records in the other two cores are remarkably similar, implying that the records faithfully reflect variations in relative paleointensity of the geomagnetic field for the past 1.1 Ma. We examined on the periodicity of the paleointensity records with wavelets. It is shown that periods of major changes in the records reveal continuous shifts between about 50 Ka and 140 Ka over time. We offer an alternative viewpoint about the periodicity of the paleointensity in which periods of major changes shifted continuously within the time range instead of constant periodicities.
A Spatiotemporal Compactness Pattern Analysis of Congressional Districts to Assess Partisan Gerrymandering: A Case Study with California and North Carolina

Compactness of a congressional district is a traditional principle in adjudicating gerrymandering claims in political redistricting. During the last decade, many states have used compactness as an important criterion to constrain the presence of gerrymandering in the redistricting process. In this study, we conducted an array of spatiotemporal analyses aiming to evaluate the changes in compactness between the 112th and 113th Congressional districting plans in California and North Carolina, two states that have been well known for their heavy gerrymandering for years. We employed classic shape-based compactness measures, moment-of-inertia-based measures, and measures of partisan bias to assess the districting plans from multiple angles, including irregularity of district boundaries, spatial dispersion, population-weighted shape dispersion, and partisan symmetry. This new and combined use of spatial measures evidenced remarkable increases on the average compactness scores for California's Congress, suggesting general alleviation of the bipartisan gerrymandering in the previous plan. On the contrary, the partisan gerrymandering in North Carolina intensified in the current map, indicated by the substantial decline in the compactness scores for a majority of the districts. Analysis of partisan bias in the districting plans suggested a very slight bias toward Democrats in California in both districting plans. In North Carolina, the partisan advantage shifted from Democrats to Republicans during redistricting. Comparative analysis between the two families of spatial measures revealed the superiority of the moment of inertia family to the classic shape-based indexes for measuring compactness of congressional districts.
Comparative Analysis of Stock Systematic Risk Based on Business Sector

In the realm of ﬁnancial investment, stock investments are categorized as high-risk investments, especially in conditions of economic shocks due to the pandemic. The condition of increasing risk seems contradictory when compared with the fact that the number of individual investors in the capital market has increased. Investment in the stock market is a representation of the concept of investment returns and investment risk moving in the same direction. But often investors only focus on high potential returns and tend to ignore the possibility of highlosses.Therefore,thepurposeofthisstudyistofulﬁlltheneedforinformation abouttheconditionofthestock’ssystematicriskbasedonthecharacteristicsofthe issueratthistime.Theresearchmethodusedisaregressionmodelon10business sectors.Usingsecondarydataonstockreturnvariablesandmarketreturnvariables. Theempiricalresultsstatethatthesystematicriskofstocksincreasesduringthe pandemicperiodaccompaniedbychangesinsectorpositionforstockswiththe lowestandhighestriskandchangesindistributionpatternsforsectorsthathave highriskinthe2researchperiods.
Estado de la átmosfera en las olas de calor estivales en Canarias

RESUMEN-RESUME-ABSTRACT El Archipielago Canario, por su cercania a Africa, ,se ve afectado por un tipo de tiempo de origen continental: las advecciones de aire procedentes del desierto del Sahara. Estas son mas frecuentes durante los meses mas calidos del ano (de mayo a octubre), y dan lugar a intensas olas de calor que rompen con la habitual suavidad del clima de Canarias que proporciona el regimen de alisios. * * * Etat de l'atmosphere pendant les vagues de chaleur d'ete aux Iles Canaries . - Les Iles Canaries, a cause de leur proximite de l'Afrique, sont affectees par un type de temps continental: affluence d'air tres chaud originaire du desert du Sahara. Ce temps est plus frequent pendant les mois les plus chauds de l'annee (de mai a octobre) et donne lieu a de tres fortes vagues de chaleur qui interrompent la douceur habituelle du climat des Iles Canaries, cree par le regime des alizes. * * * The conditions of the atmosphere during the summer heat waves at the Canary Islands. - Owing to their situation close to Africa, the Canary Islands are usually affected by a type of continental weather: the advection of air blowing from the Sahara desert. This happens more often during the hottest months of the year (from May to October), causing strong heat waves which break the usual mildness of the Canarian climate, tempered by the trade winds. PALABRAS CLAVE: ola de calor, alisios, depresion termica, masa de aire sahariano, calima. MOTS CLE: vague de chaleur, alizes, basses pressions thermiques, masse d'air saharien, calina. KEY WORDS: heat wave, trade winds, low thermic pressures, saharian air masses, floating dust.
Immunotherapy based on influenza virosomes and recombinant Semliki Forest virus

Induction of CTL responses against protein antigens is an important aim in vaccine development. In this paper we present fusion-active virosomes as a vaccine delivery system capable of efﬁcient induction of CTL responses in vivo . Virosomes are reconstituted viral membranes which do not contain the genetic material of the virus they are derived from. Foreign macromolecules, including protein antigens, can be encapsulated in virosomes during the reconstitution process. Functionally reconstituted virosomes retain the cell binding and fusion characteristics of the native virus. Thus, upon uptake by cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis, virosomes will deliver their content to the cell cytosol. In a previous study, we demonstrated that protein antigens delivered in this manner to dendritic cells are efﬁciently processed for both MHC class I and II presentation. Here, we studied in vivo induction of cellular immune responses against virosome-encapsulated ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. As little as 0.75 μg OVA delivered by fusion-active virosomes was sufﬁcient to induce a powerful class I MHC-restricted CTL response. All immunization routes that were used (i.m., i.p. and s.c.) resulted in efﬁcient induction of CTL activity. The CTLs induced were cytotoxic in a standard 51 Cr-release assay and produced IFNγ in response to OVA peptide. Thus, virosomes represent an ideal antigen delivery system for induction of cellular immunity against encapsulated protein antigens.
Diagnosis with MR Angiography Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage:

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The possibility of treating intracranial vasospasm has increased the signiﬁcance of its diagnosis and follow-up; however, so far, no ideal method is available. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of MR angiography versus intra-arterial angiography (IA-DSA) in detecting vasospasm. METHODS: The study included 42 patients with acute spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Serial MR angiograms (minimum, two per patient within 10 days after the event; total, 149) were obtained prospectively using a 3D time-of-ﬂight technique covering the circle of Willis at 0.5 T. Forty-seven MR angiograms could be compared with intraarterial angiograms obtained within 24 hours of MR angiography. Vascular narrowing on both studies was rated consensually by two pairs of neuroradiologists using a scale from 0 (no narrowing) to 3 (severe narrowing). Categories 0 and 1 were considered an absence of vasospasm and categories 2 and 3 a presence of vasospasm. RESULTS: Agreement between MR angiography and IA-DSA (assessed with weighted (cid:107) statistics) was substantial for the middle and anterior cerebral arteries (MCA and ACA) but moderate for the internal carotid artery (ICA). The sensitivity, speciﬁcity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of MR angiography for detecting patients with vasospasm were 92%, 98%, 96%, 92%, and 98%, respectively. Considering each vessel separately, spec-iﬁcity was high for all locations (95–99%) and sensitivity was excellent for the ACA (100%) but poorer for the ICA (25%) and MCA (56%). CONCLUSION: MR angiography at 0.5 T is capable of identifying vasospasm
INTERPRETATION FLEXIBILITY AND SUICIDAL IDEATION 1 Running head: INTERPRETATION FLEXIBILITY AND SUICIDAL IDEATION Inflexible Interpretations of Ambiguous Social Situations: A Novel Predictor of Suicidal Ideation and the Beliefs that Inspire It

Suicidal ideation has been linked to a bias toward interpreting ambiguous information in consistently less positive/more negative manners (“positive/negative interpretation bias”), implying that information processing biases might distort beliefs thought to inspire suicidal ideation (e.g., those regarding burdensomeness). The present study therefore examined whether suicidal ideation and beliefs highlighted in theories of suicide are related to positive/negative interpretation bias and/or a bias against revising negative interpretations in response to evidence against them (“negative interpretation inflexibility”). Data were collected in three waves, each one week apart. Network analyses and structural equation models provided evidence that negative interpretation bias (cross-sectionally) and negative interpretation inflexibility (crosssectionally and over time) were related to suicidal ideation, and that the latter relationship was mediated by perceived burdensomeness. By identifying this mediation pathway, the present study provides a potential mechanism by which perceptions of burdensomeness, a key risk factor for suicidality, might arise and/or persist.
Sojourn times in the M / G / 1 FB queue with light-tailed service times

The asymptotic decay rate of the sojourn time of a customer in the stationary M/G/1 queue under the Foreground-Background (FB) service discipline is studied. The FB discipline gives service to those customers that have received the least service so far. We prove that for lighttailed service times the decay rate of the sojourn time is equal to the decay rate of the busy period. It is shown that FB minimises the decay rate in the class of work-conserving disciplines. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 60K25, Secondary 68M20; 90B22
Terrain type recognition using ERTS-1 MSS images

For the automatic recognition of earth resources from ERTS-1 digital tapes, both multispectral and spatial pattern recognition techniques are important. Recognition of terrain types is based on spatial signatures that become evident by processing small portions of an image through selected algorithms. An investigation of spatial signatures that are applicable to ERTS-1 MSS images is described. Artifacts in the spatial signatures seem to be related to the multispectral scanner. A method for suppressing such artifacts is presented. Finally, results of terrain type recognition for one ERTS-1 image are presented.
How does the hot core of a volcanic plume control the sulfur speciation in volcanic emission?

Volcanic eruptions inject sulfur into the atmosphere mainly in form of SO2 and H2S. The ratio of these species (H2S/SO2), which is usually used as the mirror of the oxidation state of the source magma, varies significantly according to the type of activity, tectonic setting etc. This study aims to investigate the role of the hot core of plinian and sub‐plinian volcanic plumes (T > 600°C) in sulfur speciation based on the thermodynamic equilibrium in this temperature range. We consider the hot core as a box model in which 1000°C magmatic gas and 25°C ambient air are mixed and show that it functions as a hot oxidizing reactor for S species. Processes inside the hot core usually decrease the H2S content of the system but can either increase or decrease SO2 depending on initial oxidation state. Thus the SO2 injected into the atmosphere is not essentially generated directly from the magma but it can be produced in the hot core as the result of H2S oxidation. Besides, volcanic cloud compositions do not mirror the source conditions. Considering three types of tectonic settings (convergent plate, divergent plate and hot spot) we propose that H2S emission is more likely under reduced conditions in divergent plate and hot spot volcanic settings.
Strong chemistry‐climate feedbacks in the Pliocene

The Pliocene epoch was the last sustained interval when global climate was significantly warmer than today but has been difficult to explain fully based on the external forcings from atmospheric carbon dioxide and surface albedo. Here we use an Earth system model to simulate terrestrial ecosystem emissions and atmospheric chemical composition in the mid‐Pliocene (about 3 million years ago) and the preindustrial (~1750s). Tropospheric ozone and aerosol precursors from vegetation and wildfire are ~50% and ~100% higher in the mid‐Pliocene due to the spread of the tropical savanna and deciduous biomes. The chemistry‐climate feedbacks contribute a net global warming that is +30–250% of the carbon dioxide effect and a net aerosol global cooling that masks 15–100% of the carbon dioxide effect. These large vegetation‐mediated ozone and aerosol feedbacks operate on centennial to millennial timescales in the climate system and have not previously been included in paleoclimate sensitivity assessments.
He and Ar Isotopes of Fluid Inclusions in the Taoxikeng Tungsten Deposit, South China

China accounts for about 60 % tungsten reserves of the world. More than 90% of the Chinese tungsten resources occur in the Nanling region as tungsten polymetallic deposits. The Nanling region locates at the central west Cathaysia Block in South China where abundant Jurassic granitic intrusions are distributed. Previous studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the tungsten ore formation in the Nanling region. These deposits are usually of the quartz-wolframite vein type. They have ages of about 150-160 Ma, and are spatially and temporally related to the Jurassic granites, believed to be produced by crustal anatexis. The ore-forming fluids were considered to be mixtures of meteoric fluid with magmatic hydrothermal fluid derived from the W-associated granitic magma. However, it has been poorly constrained whether or not mantle components were involved in the genesis of the deposits. The Taoxikeng tungsten deposit, one of the important tungsten deposits in the Nanling region, is located in southern Jiangxi provinde. The deposit consists of numerous ore veins. Most ore veins occur along the contact zone between the granite and the sedimentary strata, and crosscut both lithologies. Generally, the veins increase in thickness with depth, but the number of veins decreases. Ore minerals in these veins are mainly wolframite, cassiterite, molybdenite, scheelite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrite and bismuthinite. The main gangue minerals include quartz, calcite, muscovite, sericite, fluorite, chlorite, lithionite, topaz, and tourmaline. The molybdenite Re-Os dating of the veins indicate that tungsten mineralization took place at 154 Ma(Chen et al., 2006), which well corresponds to the age of tungsten-bearing granite in the Taoxikeng mining district 157~158Ma(Guo et al., 2007). Samples of arsenopyrite and pyrite from the ore veins were analyzed for He and Ar abundances and isotopes.
VALIDACIÓN DE LA FÓRMULA DE FRIEDEWALD PARA LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL PERFIL LIPÍDICO EN BOVINOS

Objective: To validate Friedewald's formula for determing LDL cholesterol levels in cattle, species with HDL metabolic pattern. Materials and Methods: One hundred (100) blood samples from different age, race and gender cattle were taken. After removing the serum, the LDL cholesterol levels were determined using the direct method and later the same values were determined using Friedewald's formula. Results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The direct method reported values (mg/dl) of average, minimum range, maximum range, and standard deviation of 40.769, 2.438, 126.751, 29.814, respectively, and Friedewald method results showed minimum, maximum and standard deviation averages of 34.659, 1.349, 145.31, 29.108, respectively. The value of P in the F test Direct in the comparison of the direct method and Friedewald's method was greater than or equal to 0.05 (0.154), reason why no significant difference was evident at a level of confidence of 95% between the values obtained through the two methods. Conclusion: Friedewald's formula can be used for determining LDL cholesterol in species with HDL pattern.
Archaeological Site Examination of the North Yard of the Loring-Greenough House, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts

v Management Summary . vi Table of
A coupled transport and reaction model for long column experiments simulating bank filtration

Within the scope of the interdisciplinary Natural and Artificial Systems for Recharge and Infiltration research project dealing with riverbank filtration processes at the Berlin water works, a semi‐technical column experiment has been ongoing since January 2003. Here, a 30 m long soil column is infiltrated with surface water sampled from Lake Tegel (Berlin, Germany) under saturated flow conditions. Changes in pore water hydrochemistry sampled on 21 non‐equidistant distributed points are verified by coupled transport and reaction modelling. The objective of reactive transport modelling was to identify the main biogeochemical processes within the soil column during the flushing experiment as a conceptual model for riverbank filtration. Modelling was done with a combination of MATLAB and PHREEQC. The main processes identified are: (1) biogeochemical degradation due to interaction of natural surface water with the soil matrix; (2) continuous dissolution of refractory air bubbles from the soil column matrix. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grazing of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans on the paralytic toxin-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: Does grazing eliminate cells during a bloom?

Temperature and nutrient concentrations were measured during a mixed bloom of Noctiluca scintillans and Gymnodinium catenatum in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California. Under laboratory conditions, we offered three concentrations of G. catenatum (312, 625, or 1015 cells mL–1) to 0.53 N. scintillans cells mL–1 to study predation rates. Experiments were carried out with 750 mL of culture during a fiveday period. Sea surface temperature clearly showed a transitional period from colder to warmer water during the bloom. Field and laboratory data showed that N. scintillans fed on G. catenatum. During the trial, more than 70% of N. scintillans cells contained G. catenatum cells in their vacuoles. Ingestion rates varied; the highest ranged from 30 to 40 G. catenatum cells h–1 in each N. scintillans cell. A clear relation to the concentration of the diet was not evident. Low values of 1 to 3 G. catenatum cells h–1 in each N. scintillans cell were typical at the end of the trial. Noctiluca scintillans doubled in concentration about every 48 h; however, numerous trophonts were observed leaving the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting cell damage. These data indicate that N. scintillans ingests G. catenatum cells but the prey appears to damage predator cells in a relatively short time. Se monitoreo la temperatura y los nutrientes durante una proliferacion de Noctiluca scintillans y Gymnodinium catenatum en la bahia de La Paz, golfo de California. Tambien, bajo condiciones de laboratorio, se mezclaron diferentes concentraciones de G. catenatum (312, 625, o 1015 celulas mL–1) con 0.53 celulas de N. scintillans mL–1 a fin de evaluar las tasas de pastoreo. La experimentacion se llevo a cabo en 750 mL de cultivo durante un periodo de cinco dias. La temperatura superficial mostro claramente un periodo de transicion de agua fria a caliente durante la proliferacion. Las observaciones de campo y las de laboratorio mostraron que N. scintillans se alimentaba de G. catenatum. En el laboratorio, mas del 70% de N. scintillans contenia celulas de G. catenatum en sus vacuolas. La tasas de ingestion variaron ampliamente; los valores mas altos variaron de 30 a 40 celulas de G. catenatum h–1 en cada celula de N. scintillans. No se observo una relacion entre las diferentes concentraciones de G. catenatum ofrecidas y la tasa de ingestion. Al final del experimento se observaron tasas de ingestion bajas de 1 a 3 celulas de G. catenatum h–1 en cada celula de N. scintillans. La concentracion de N. scintillans se duplico aproximadamente cada 48 h; sin embargo, observamos numerosos trofontes saliendo de su cubierta externa, lo cual sugiere que existio dano celular. Estos datos indican que N. scintillans ingiere a G. catenatum pero la presa parece danar al depredador en un corto plazo.