Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signature of r-mode Gravitational-wave Emission in the X-Ray Afterglow of Short GRB 090510

The X-ray plateaus observed in the afterglows of some short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are usually interpreted as the contribution from newborn magnetars with magnetic dipole radiation. However, Fan et al. re-examined that interpretation and found that a rapidly rotating magnetar might lose most of the angular momentum to gravitational waves because the total energy released within the X-ray plateau phases in some short GRBs was much smaller than that expected in the magnetar model, which indicates that the signal of gravitational-wave radiation (GWR) might have already existed in current electromagnetic data of short GRBs. In addition, theoretical analysis also showed that the rotational energy of newborn magnetars was carried away via GWR, which was more efficient than magnetic dipole radiation and the shape of the light curve of GRB can be adjusted from the magnetar model merely by considering magnetic dipole radiation. With this motivation, we investigate the X-ray light curve of GRB 090510 in detail and find that the X-ray light curve can be well fit with a magnetar model supposing that the spin evolution of the magnetar is governed by both gravitational radiation generated by unstable r-mode oscillations at early-time and magnetic dipole radiation dominating late-time spin-down evolution. This result suggests that the r-mode instability is likely to play an important role in the evolution of the post-merger remnant. We also discuss the detectability of the r-mode GWR emitted by the long-lived remnant of GRB 090510.
Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually Appropriate O MRI head without IV contrast Usually Appropriate O CT head without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢ FDG-PET/CT brain May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢ HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT brain May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MR spectroscopy head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O CT head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ MRI functional (fMRI) head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually Appropriate O MRI head without IV contrast Usually Appropriate O CT head without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢ FDG-PET/CT brain May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ HMPAO SPECT or SPECT/CT brain May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MR spectroscopy head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O CT head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ MRI functional (fMRI) head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Procedure Appropriateness Category Relative Radiation Level MRI head without and with IV contrast Usually Appropriate O MRI head without IV contrast Usually Appropriate O CT head without IV contrast May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢ FDG-PET/CT brain May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ SPECT or SPECT/CT brain May Be Appropriate ☢☢☢☢ MR spectroscopy head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O CT head with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate ☢☢☢ MRI functional (fMRI) head without IV contrast Usually Not Appropriate O
Online supplement to: Geometrically designed, variable knot regression splines

In order to illustrate the bound (25) and how accurately the averaging knot location (20) solves system (19) with respect to the knots for given Greville sites, we have randomly generated abscissa values ξj , j = 1, . , p for three fixed numbers of vertices p, equal respectively to 6 (k = 3), 11 (k = 8) and 23 (k = 20). The number of simulations for each value of p is 1000. The corresponding thousand graphs of ∑p i=1 ξiNi,n(t), t ∈ [0, 1], in the quadratic case (n = 3), with knots defined by (20) , are plotted in Figure 1 (a), (b) and (c). In Figure 1, two corridors are also shown. The first, defined by the dashed lines, is based on the 95 sample percentile of e = ∥t− ∑p i=1 ξiNi,3(t)∥, denoted by ê0.95. The second corridor (the solid lines) is based on the 95 sample percentile ε̂0.95 of the bound in (25), denoted by ε. As can be seen from Figure 1, the maximum deviation of ∑p i=1 ξiNi,3(t) from the straight line t is reasonable, and rapidly decreases as the number of knots increases. Thus, the higher the number of knots, the more accurately the averaging knot location (20) solves system (19). Similar conclusions are found to hold for the cubic case (n = 4), applying both ê0.95 and ε̂0.95. As seen from Figure 1, the solid line deviates insignificantly from the dashed line, so that the bound in (25) is nearly sharp for n = 3. ∗Corresponding author’s address: Faculty of Actuarial Science and Insurance, Cass Business School, City University London, 106 Bunhill Row, London EC1Y 8TZ, UK. E-mail address: v.kaishev@city.ac. uk
Simulating Virtual Terminal Area Weather Data Bases for Use in the Wake Vortex Avoidance System (Wake VAS) Prediction Algorithm

During the research project, sounding datasets were generated for the region surrounding 9 major airports, including Dallas, TX, Boston, MA, New York, NY, Chicago, IL, St. Louis, MO, Atlanta, GA, Miami, FL, San Francico, CA, and Los Angeles, CA. The numerical simulation of winter and summer environments during which no instrument flight rule impact was occurring at these 9 terminals was performed using the most contemporary version of the Terminal Area PBL Prediction System (TAPPS) model nested from 36 km to 6 km to 1 km horizontal resolution and very detailed vertical resolution in the planetary boundary layer. The soundings from the 1 km model were archived at 30 minute time intervals for a 24 hour period and the vertical dependent variables as well as derived quantities, i.e., 3-dimensional wind components, temperatures, pressures, mixing ratios, turbulence kinetic energy and eddy dissipation rates were then interpolated to 5 m vertical resolution up to 1000 m elevation above ground level. After partial validation against field experiment datasets for Dallas as well as larger scale and much coarser resolution observations at the other 8 airports, these sounding datasets were sent to NASA for use in the Virtual Air Space and Modeling program. The application of these datasets being to determine representative airport weather environments to diagnose the response of simulated wake vortices to realistic atmospheric environments. These virtual datasets are based on large scale observed atmospheric initial conditions that are dynamically interpolated in space and time. The 1 km nested-grid simulated datasets providing a very coarse and highly smoothed representation of airport environment meteorological conditions. Details concerning the airport surface forcing are virtually absent from these simulated datasets although the observed background atmospheric processes have been compared to the simulated fields and the fields were found to accurately replicate the flows surrounding the airport where coarse verification data were available as well as where airport scale datasets were available.
Accounting for Taste

Despite the abundance of advertisement and price promotion in marketing, consumption choices often rely just as heavily on personal taste. We compare the conventional Multinomial Logit discrete choice model, with a Mixed Logit specification, as to ascertain whether consumers behave hetero- or homogeneously. We consider both Multivariate Normal and discrete distributions for model parameters. Model performance is measured by in-sample information criteria, as well as out-of-sample forecasting performance. We find strong evidence of preference heterogeneity in both a product marketing setting, as well as a discrete choice survey experiment. By incorporating a Guadagni and Little (1983) loyalty variable, we extend this result to a dynamic choice setting, finding residual preference heterogeneity, even when brand loyalty is accounted for.
Developed steady-state response for a new hybrid damper mounted on structures

Coulomb friction is considered as a mechanical approach to diminish the structural responses during the excitations. However, in case of severe oscillations supplementary mechanisms are employed besides the friction to mitigate the destructive effects of the vibrations in structures. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to develop a new Hybrid System (HS) which is a parallel combination of Viscous Damping (VD) and Coulomb friction for structures subjected to dynamic load. To achieve this goal, the effect of viscous damper is embedded in the equation of motion which is proposed by Den Hartog for a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) Coulomb system, and has been extensively implemented for past few decades. In the considered numerical example in this study, implementing the proposed HDM in system resulted in decreasing the maximum displacement in the range of 1% to 98% for different amounts of force amplitude and viscous damping ratios. Also, applying the proposed HDM increased the time lag for about up to 24% for the frequency ratios greater than 1. The developed hybridized system in this study can be utilised as new generation of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) to improve their energy dissipating efficiency under severe excitations.
STRATIGRAPHIC CONTROL ON CCL4 AND CHCL3 CONCENTRATIONS IN THE 200 WEST AREA, HANFORD SITE

An extensive subsurface contaminant plume of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is the focus of a remedial effort in the 200 West Area of Washington State’s Hanford Site. Remediation requires a high-resolution model of the region’s spatially variable lithofacies and of the effect these units have on CCl4 migration through the unconfined aquifer. To increase detail of previous models, a transect was chosen along the primary groundwater flow path in the most heavily contaminated area. Borehole logs of wells along this 3.7 km-long transect were systematized and used to create a cross section displaying lithofacies depth and continuity. Natural and spectral gamma geophysical logs were examined to pinpoint the depths of geologic units. Depth discrete concentrations of CCl4 and its reductive dechlorination product, chloroform (CHCl3), were overlain on this cross section. Comparison of stratigraphy to contaminant levels shows that peaks in CCl4 concentration occur in thin, fine-grained layers and other that fine-grained layers frequently form lower boundaries to regions of high concentration. Peaks in CCl4 concentrations are frequently located at different depths from those of CHCl3, suggesting that these concentrations are affected by dechlorination of CCl4. Transformation of CCl4 to CHCl3 appears to be more prevalent within reduced, iron-containing sediments. Influence ofmore » thin, fine-grained layers within the larger aquifer unit indicates that characterization of contamination in this locality should consider subsurface geology with at least as much resolution as provided in this study. « less
Lipiodol: from intrusion until exile from the tumor microenvironment

Lipiodol or ethiodized oil, which is extracted from poppyseed oil, is a transparent straw-colored oil which sinks when combined with water [1]. Lipiodol does not dissolve when combined with aqueous solutions and can be iodinated with I 131 , thus making the compound both imageable and therapeutic. The radiopacity of lipiodol originates from its iodine content.
Concentrated urine, low urine flow, and postoperative elevation of plasma creatinine: A retrospective analysis of pooled data

Elevations of plasma creatinine are common after major surgery, but their pathophysiology is poorly understood. To identify possible contributing mechanisms, we pooled data from eight prospective studies performed in four different countries to study circumstances during which elevation of plasma creatinine occurs. We included 642 patients undergoing mixed major surgeries, mostly open gastrointestinal. Plasma and urinary creatinine and a composite index for renal fluid conservation (Fluid Retention Index, FRI) were measured just before surgery and on the first postoperative morning. Urine flow was measured during the surgery. The results show that patients with a postoperative increase in plasma creatinine by >25% had a high urinary creatinine concentration (11.0±5.9 vs. 8.3±5.6 mmol/L; P< 0001) and higher FRI value (3.2±1.0 vs. 2.9±1.1; P< 0.04) already before surgery was initiated. Progressive increase of plasma creatinine was associated with a gradually lower urine flow and larger blood loss during the surgery (Kruskal-Wallis test, P< 0.001). The patients with an elevation > 25% also showed higher creatinine and a higher FRI value on the first postoperative morning (P< 0.001). Elevations to > 50% of baseline were associated with slightly lower mean arterial pressure (73 ± 10 vs. 80 ± 12 mmHg; P< 0.005). We conclude that elevation of plasma creatinine in the perioperative period was associated with low urine flow and greater blood loss during surgery and with concentrated urine both before and after the surgery. Renal water conservation-related mechanisms seem to contribute to the development of increased plasma creatinine after surgery.
A Msp1-containing complex removes orphaned proteins in the mitochondrial outer membrane of T. brucei

Disruption of mitochondrial outer membrane protein biogenesis triggers a pathway leading to proteasomal degradation of orphan outer membrane proteins mediated by Msp1 and three interacting proteins. The AAA-ATPase Msp1 extracts mislocalised outer membrane proteins and thus contributes to mitochondrial proteostasis. Using pulldown experiments, we show that trypanosomal Msp1 localises to both glycosomes and the mitochondrial outer membrane, where it forms a complex with four outer membrane proteins. The trypanosome-specific pATOM36 mediates complex assembly of α-helically anchored mitochondrial outer membrane proteins such as protein translocase subunits. Inhibition of their assembly triggers a pathway that results in the proteasomal digestion of unassembled substrates. Using inducible single, double, and triple RNAi cell lines combined with proteomic analyses, we demonstrate that not only Msp1 but also the trypanosomal homolog of the AAA-ATPase VCP are implicated in this quality control pathway. Moreover, in the absence of VCP three out of the four Msp1-interacting mitochondrial proteins are required for efficient proteasomal digestion of pATOM36 substrates, suggesting they act in concert with Msp1. pATOM36 is a functional analog of the yeast mitochondrial import complex complex and possibly of human mitochondrial animal-specific carrier homolog 2, suggesting that similar mitochondrial quality control pathways linked to Msp1 might also exist in yeast and humans.
Hoosier Farmland Wildlife Notes: Warm Season Grasses, Why All the Fuss?

What are warm season grasses? Grasses are frequently categorized into two groups – cool season and warm season grasses. Cool season grasses, such as fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and bromegrass, set seed in late-spring and early-summer. Warm season grasses, often called native prairie grasses, set seed in late-summer and early-fall. Therefore, warm season grasses, such as big bluestem, little bluestem, Indian grass, side oats grama, and switchgrass, are most vigorous during the hot summer months when cool season grasses have already reached maturity.
Modeling speech using a partially observable markov decision process

For over a decade, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has been the primary tool used for acoustic modeling in the field of speech recognition. In this dissertation we examine a more general approach using a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) to model the base phonetic unit. We introduce the concept of multiple phonetic context classes, one for each of the infinite possible contexts a phoneme can be in, and show how a POMDP can be used to represent such a model. Much the same way that tying mixtures at the state level across phonemes sharing linguistic properties is used to fill in gaps in the model space due to lack of data, the POMDP model can fill in additional gaps, in effect adding a second level of clustering driven by the data itself. An important result of this work is the ability of the POMDP model to represent the base phonetic unit, in all its possible contexts, within a single model. This enables us to look at the problem in a more abstract manner, allowing us to model better a phoneme to its fullest capability by developing relationships among its contexts that have thus far not been explored in current speech recognition research.
Monitoring physiological processes of fast-growing broilers during the whole life cycle: Changes of redox-homeostasis effected to trassulfuration pathway predicting the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

In the broiler industry, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio are extremely favorable, but the birds are beginning to approach the maximum of their genetic capacity. However, as a consequence of strong genetic selection, the occurrence of certain metabolic diseases, such as myopathies, ascites, sudden cardiac death and tibial dyschondroplasia, is increasing. These metabolic diseases can greatly affect the health status and welfare of birds, as well as the quality of meat. The main goal of this study was to investigate the changes in the main parameters of redox homeostasis during the rearing (1–42 days of age) of broilers with high genetic capacity, such as the concentrations of malondialdehyde, vitamin C, vitamin E, and reduced glutathione, the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and the inhibition rate of superoxide dismutase. Damage to the transsulfuration pathway during growth and the reason for changes in the level of homocysteine were investigated. Further, the parameters that can characterize the biochemical changes occurring in the birds were examined. Our study is the first characterize plasma albumin saturation. A method was developed to measure the levels of other small molecule thiol components of plasma. Changes in redox homeostasis induce increases in the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha and inflammatory interleukins interleukin 2, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in broilers reared according to current large-scale husbandry technology and feeding protocols. A significant difference in all parameters tested was observed on the 21st day. The concentrations of cytokines and homocysteine increased, while the concentrations of glutathione and cysteine in the plasma decreased. Our findings suggest that observed changes in the abovementioned biochemical indices have a negative effect on poultry health.
Evaluation of Xpert MTB/XDR test for susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to first and second-line drugs in Uganda

Background Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the major challenges to TB control. Design and methods This was a blinded, laboratory-based cross-sectional study using sputum samples or culture isolates. Samples were from patients with rifampicin-resistant—TB and/or with high risk for isoniazid (INH) resistance and/or 2nd line fluoroquinolones (FQ) and injectable agents (IAs). The diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert® MTB/XDR test was compared to MGIT960 and the Hain Genotype® MTBDRplus and MDRsl assays (LPA) as reference DST methods. Factors for laboratory uptake of the Xpert® MTB/XDR test were also evaluated. Results Of the 100 stored sputum samples included in this study, 65/99 (65.6%) were resistant to INH, 5/100 (5.0%) were resistant to FQ and none were resistant to IAs using MGIT960. The sensitivity and specificity, n (%; 95% Confidence Interval, CI) of Xpert® MTB/XDR test for; INH was 58 (89.2; 79.1–95.5) and 30 (88.2; 72.5–96.6) and for FQ; 4 (80.0; 28.3–99.4) and 95 (100; 96.2–100), respectively. Using LPA as a reference standard, a total of 52/98 (53.1%) were resistant to INH, 3/100 (3.0%) to FQ, and none to IA. The sensitivity and specificity, n (%; 95%CI) of Xpert® MTB/XDR test compared to LPA for; INH was 50 (96.1; 86.7–99.5) and 34 (74.0; 58.8–85.7) for FQ 3 (100; 29.2–100) and 96 (99.0; 94.3–99.9) respectively. The factors for laboratory uptake and roll-out of the Xpert® MTB/XDR test included: no training needed for technicians with, and one day for those without, previous Xpert-ultra experience, recording and reporting needs were not different from those of Xpert-ultra, the error rate was 4/100 (4%), one (1%) indeterminate rate and test turn-around-time were 1hr/45 minutes. Conclusion There is high sensitivity and specificity of Xpert® MTB/XDR test for isoniazid and fluoroquinolones. There are acceptable Xpert® MTB/XDR test attributes for the test uptake and roll-out.
Cannabis Improves Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Pouchitis

ABSTRACT Many patients with ulcerative colitis after ileoanal pouch anastomosis report improvement of pouchitis with the use of cannabis. Nine patients with chronic pouchitis used 1 g/d of cannabis: 7 patients were male with average age 51 ± 16 years. Average partial pouchitis disease activity index were 11 (range 8–17), 6 (range 5–8), and 5 (range 4–8); endoscopic subscores were 7 . 3 ± 2.3, 6 ± 1.1, and 4.4 ± 0.9; average bowel movements per day were 14 (range 8–20), 8 (range 2–13), and 10 (range 13–8); and quality of life increased from 72 ± 1 to 90 ± 16 and 97 ± 10 (P = 0.001) before cannabis treatment and after 8–12 and 52 weeks, respectively. No adverse events were reported.
The tau hypothesis of nodding syndrome in Africa

Nodding syndrome (NS) was first described in the Mahenge mountains in Tanzania, where it exists in an endemic form of epilepsy [1]. In her pioneering work in Tanzania, Louise JilakAall described NS as a pediatric seizure disorder and later observed parkinsonian-likeAU : PleasenotethatasperPLOSstyle; eponymicderivativesshouldbelowercase:Hence; allinstancesof }Parkinsonian}and}Parkinsonism}havebeenreplacedwith}parkinsonian}and}parkinsonism; }respectively; throughoutthetext: manifestations in some adult survivors with NS [1]. NS later emerged in an epidemic form in both South Sudan and northern Uganda. In South Sudan, Spencer and colleagues [2] reported an association of NS with onchocerciasis but later attributed this to a coincidental opportunistic infection. In Uganda, the NS epidemic coincided with regional insurgency by the Lord’s Resistance Army and displacement of families into refugee camps with the occurrence of new cases of NS peaking in the mid-2000s [3]. NS usually begins with spells of head bobbing [4–7], which have now been determined to represent atonic seizures. Clinical presentation with nodding is typically at 5 to 15 years of age with the progression to grand mal seizures within months or years of the initial presentation. Many children with NS have a clinical course dominated by grand mal seizures. However, some children also develop marked neurocognitive and motor decline. Some individuals with NS develop marked impairment of speech with mutism, and other can develop frontal lobe disinhibition (e.g., coprophagia) [8]. It is unknown if NS is invariably fatal, but when death occurs, it is often related to accidental drowning during seizures, status epilepticus, or neurologic decline with malnutrition and pressure ulcers [8]. The brain in NS shows varying degrees of brain atrophy, cerebellar degeneration, white matter degeneration, and microglial activation (neuroinflammation) [9]. The brain also has intraneuronal deposition of an abnormally phosphorylated protein: the microtubular associated protein tau [8]. In fatal cases of NS, tau pathology is variably abundant in the brain with preferential involvement of the frontal neocortex.