Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Velocity Prediction of a Pipeline Inspection Gauge (PIG) with Machine Learning

A device known as a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG) runs through oil and gas pipelines which performs various maintenance operations in the oil and gas industry. The PIG velocity, which plays a role in the efficiency of these operations, is usually determined indirectly from odometers installed in it. Although this is a relatively simple technique, the loss of contact between the odometer wheel and the pipeline results in measurement errors. To help reduce these errors, this investigation employed neural networks to estimate the speed of a prototype PIG, using the pressure difference that acts on the device inside the pipeline and its acceleration instead of using odometers. Static networks (e.g., multilayer perceptron) and recurrent networks (e.g., long short-term memory) were built, and in addition, a prototype PIG was developed with an embedded system based on Raspberry Pi 3 to collect speed, acceleration and pressure data for the model training. The implementation of the supervised neural networks used the Python library TensorFlow package. To train and evaluate the models, we used the PIG testing pipeline facilities available at the Petroleum Evaluation and Measurement Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (LAMP/UFRN). The results showed that the models were able to learn the relationship among the differential pressure, acceleration and speed of the PIG. The proposed approach can complement odometer-based systems, increasing the reliability of speed measurements.
Characteristics of the Radio Pulses from the Pulsars

The shape and structure of radio pulses from the majority of the pulsars have been studied at frequencies of 151, 240, 408 and 610 MHz, using polarimeter receivers. Individual pulses from the stronger pulsars have been recorded photographically. The integrated pulse profiles have been obtained from on-line integration of the four Stokes parameters. Many of the results are presented graphically; the main characteristics are collected in a table. A discussion of the pulse widths and the change of polarization angle within the pulses supports the view that the integrated pulse profile represents a longitude distribution of emission, while the individual pulses represent individual beams of radiation. The changes of position angle within the profile suggest that the magnetic field has a simple configuration in the emitting region, and that it may resemble the equatorial part of a dipole field. New measurements of the rotation measures of five pulsars are presented together with a compilation of nine previous results. Some new measurements of period and position are also presented.
Active control of vibration using a fuzzy control method based on scaling universes of discourse

Large flexible space structures are complex in structural dynamic characteristics. The control method based on custom control theory and modern control theory is difficult to solve for the complex problem. The fuzzy controller is not dependent on the accurate model. But the precision of a conventional fuzzy controller is not good, and the adaptive ability of a conventional fuzzy controller is limited. The fuzzy controller can make the system surge. Scaling universes of discourse is an effective method to improve the performance of the fuzzy controller. This paper is aimed at the difficult problem of designing a stable adaptive controller based on scaling universes of discourse, and letting input membership function and output membership function be denoted as input universes of discourse and the center value of output membership function, respectively. A kind of Lyapunov function, designed as an adaptive law of input universes of discourse and the center value of output membership function, was then adopted. A kind of stable self-adaptive fuzzy controller based on scaling universes of discourse is designed in this paper for the vibration control of a large flexible space truss driven by piezoelectric sensors and actuators (PZTs).
Do You Feel Safe at Home? A Qualitative Study among Home-Dwelling Older Adults with Advanced Incurable Cancer

Many older adults with cancer prefer to live at home, and home treatment and outpatient care have been recommended for such patients. To improve their mental health, it is important to identify the challenges that are faced by home-dwelling older adults with cancer. This study aimed to examine the impact of the home on older adults with advanced cancer who were receiving treatment and follow-up care. In a cross-sectional design with criterion-based sampling, eight qualitative interviews were transcribed and interpreted thematically. We identified three themes of home-safety management: good home-safety management, uncertain home-safety management, and home-safety management collapse. Moreover, we revealed eight sub-themes important to the participants’ home-safety experience. Ensuring that older adults feel safe at home will afford them the opportunity to enjoy living at home, which in turn may alleviate their symptom burden and enhance their mental health.
Increased Expression of the RBPMS Splice Variants Inhibits Cell Proliferation in Ovarian Cancer Cells

RNA-Binding Protein with Multiple Splicing (RBPMS) is a member of family proteins that bind to nascent RNA transcripts and regulate their splicing, localization, and stability. Evidence indicates that RBPMS controls the activity of transcription factors associated with cell growth and proliferation, including AP-1 and Smads. Three major RBPMS protein splice variants (RBPMSA, RBPMSB, and RBPMSC) have been described in the literature. We previously reported that reduced RBPMS levels decreased the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. However, little is known about the biological role of the RBPMS splice variants in ovarian cancer cells. We performed RT-PCR and Western blots and observed that both RBPMSA and RBPMSC are reduced at the mRNA and protein levels in cisplatin resistant as compared with cisplatin sensitive ovarian cancer cells. The mRNA and protein levels of RBPMSB were not detectable in any of the ovarian cancer cells tested. To better understand the biological role of each RBPMSA and RBPMSC, we transfected these two splice variants in the A2780CP20 and OVCAR3CIS cisplatin resistant ovarian cancer cells and performed cell proliferation, cell migration, and invasion assays. Compared with control clones, a significant reduction in the number of colonies, colony size, cell migration, and invasion was observed with RBPMSA and RBPMSC overexpressed cells. Moreover, A2780CP20-RBPMSA and A2780CP20-RBPMSC clones showed reduced senescence-associated β-galactosidase (β-Gal)-levels when compared with control clones. A2780CP20-RBPMSA clones were more sensitive to cisplatin treatment as compared with A2780CP20-RBPMSC clones. The A2780CP20-RBPMSA and A2780CP20-RBPMSC clones subcutaneously injected into athymic nude mice formed smaller tumors as compared with A2780CP20-EV control group. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis showed lower proliferation (Ki67) and angiogenesis (CD31) staining in tissue sections of A2780CP20-RBPMSA and A2780CP20-RBPMSC tumors compared with controls. RNAseq studies revealed many common RNA transcripts altered in A2780CP20-RBPMSA and A2780CP20-RBPMSC clones. Unique RNA transcripts deregulated by each RBPMS variant were also observed. Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter database information identified clinically relevant RBPMSA and RBPMSC downstream effectors. These studies suggest that increased levels of RBPMSA and RBPMSC reduce cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells. However, only RBPMSA expression levels were associated with the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment.
Broad-Spectrum Salmonella Phages PSE-D1 and PST-H1 Controls Salmonella in Foods

Food contamination by Salmonella can lead to serious foodborne diseases that constantly threaten public health. Innovative and effective strategies are needed to control foodborne pathogenic contamination since the incidence of foodborne diseases has increased gradually. In the present study, two broad-spectrum phages named Salmonella phage PSE-D1 and Salmonella phage PST-H1 were isolated from sewage in China. Phages PSE-D1 and PST-H1 were obtained by enrichment with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) CVCC1806 and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) CVCC3384, respectively. They were able to lyse Salmonella, E. coli and K. pneumoniae and exhibited broad host range. Further study demonstrated that PSE-D1 and PST-H1 showed high pH and thermal tolerances. Phage PSE-D1 belongs to the Jiaodavirus genus, Tevenvirinae subfamily, while phage PST-H1 belongs to the Jerseyvirus genus, Guernseyvirinae subfamily according to morphology and phylogeny. The results of genome analysis showed that PSE-D1 and PST-H1 lack virulence and drug-resistance genes. The effects of PSE-D1 and PST-H1 on controlling S. Enteritidis CVCC1806 and S. Typhimurium CVCC3384 contamination in three kinds of foods (eggshells, sausages and milk) were further investigated, respectively. Our results showed that, compared to phage-free groups, PSE-D1 and PST-H1 inhibited the growth of their host strain significantly. A significant reduction of host bacteria titers (1.5 and 1.9 log10 CFU/sample, p < 0.001) on eggshells was observed under PSE-D1 and PST-H1 treatments, respectively. Furthermore, administration of PSE-D1 and PST-H1 decreased the counts of bacteria by 1.1 and 1.2 log10 CFU/cm2 (p < 0.001) in sausages as well as 1.5 and 1.8 log10 CFU/mL (p < 0.001) in milk, respectively. Interesting, the bacteriostasis efficacy of both phages exhibited more significantly at 4 °C than that at 28 °C in eggshells and milk and sausages. In sum, the purpose of our research was evaluating the counteracting effect of phage PSE-D1 and PST-H1 on the spread of Salmonella on contaminated foods products. Our results suggested that these two phage-based biocontrol treatments are promising strategies for controlling pathogenic Salmonella contaminated food.
The Relationship between COVID-19 Protection Behaviors and Pandemic-Related Knowledge, Perceptions, Worry Content, and Public Trust in a Turkish Sample

Background: This study aimed to explore the effect of knowledge, COVID-19-related perceptions, and public trust on protective behaviors in Turkish people. Methods: Data were collected from an online survey (Turkish COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring) conducted between July 2020 and January 2021. The recommended protective behaviors (hand cleaning, wearing a face mask, and physical distancing) to prevent COVID-19 were examined. The impacts of the following variables on protective behaviors were investigated using logistic regression analysis: knowledge, cognitive and affective risk perception, pandemic-related worry content, public trust, conspiracy thinking, and COVID-19 vaccine willingness. Results: Out of a total of 4210 adult respondents, 13.8% reported nonadherence to protection behavior, and 86.2% reported full adherence. Males and young (aged 18–30 years) people tend to show less adherence. Perceived self-efficacy, susceptibility, and correct knowledge were positively related to more adherence to protective behavior. Perceptual and emotional factors explaining protective behavior were perceived proximity, stress level, and worrying about the relatives who depended on them. Trust in health professionals and vaccine willingness were positive predictors, while conspiracy thinking and acquiring less information (<2, daily) were negative predictors. Unexpectedly, trust in the Ministry of Health showed a weak but negative association with protection behavior. Conclusions: Perceived stress, altruistic worries, and public trust seem to shape protection behaviors in addition to individuals’ knowledge and cognitive risk perception in respondents. Males and young people may have a greater risk for nonadherence. Reliable, transparent, and culture-specific health communication that considers these issues is required.
Effect of nitrogen incorporation on the electronic structure and thermal stability of HfO2 gate dielectric

The effect of nitrogen incorporation on the electronic structure and thermal stability of HfO2 gate dielectric was investigated by using photoemission study and first-principles calculation. Hafnium oxynitride (HfON) dielectric shows higher thermal stability in comparison to pure HfO2 on Si. Atomic N can passivate O vacancies in the dielectrics during nitridation process, but the N atoms incorporated into interstitial sites cause band gap reduction. Postnitridation annealing is required to activate interstitial N atoms to form stable N–Hf bonds, which will increase the band gap and band offset of as-nitrided dielectric film.
Exact recursive polyhedral description of the feasible parameter set for bounded-error models

A method is described which exactly characterizes the set of all the values of the parameter vector of a linear model that are consistent with bounded errors on the measurements. It provides a parameterized expression of this set, which can be used for robust control design or for optimizing any criterion over the set. This approach is based on a new variant of the double description method for determining the edges of a polyhedral cone. It can be used in real time and provides a suitable context for implementation on a computer. Whenever a new measurement modifies the set, the characterization is updated. The technique is illustrated with a simple example. >
Accurate Low Complex Modulation Format and Symbol Rate Identification for Autonomous Lightpath Operation

Network automation promises to reduce costs while guaranteeing the required performance; this is paramount when dealing with the forecasted highly dynamic traffic that will be generated by new 5G/6G applications. In optical networks, autonomous lightpath operation entails that the optical receiver can identify the configuration of a received optical signal without necessarily being configured from the network controller. This provides relief for the network controller from real-time operation, and it can simplify the operation in multi-domain scenarios, where an optical connection spans across more than one domain. Consequently, in this work, we propose a blind and low complex modulation format (MF) and symbol rate (SR) identification algorithm. The algorithm is based on studying the effects of decoding an optical signal with different MFs and SRs. Extensive MATLAB-based simulations have been carried out which consider a coherent wavelength division multiplexed system based on 32 and 64 quadrature amplitude modulated signals at up to 96 GBd, thus enabling bit rates of up to 800 Gb/s/channel. The results show remarkable identification accuracy in the presence of linear and nonlinear noise for a wide range of feasible configurations.
Improving Speaker Recognition in Environmental Noise With Adaptive Filter

Speaker recognition is challenging in real-world environments. Typically, studies approach noises only in an additive manner. However, real environments commonly present reverberating conditions that worsen speech processing. When not considering reverberation in the system modeling, the system may not be robust when applied to real-world conditions. In this work, we use a slight different approach to simulate reverberation, considering randomized environment conditions. With this approach, each VoxCeleb1 test sample is corrupted by randomly generated conditions, with diverse amplitudes of noise and speech. We generate a corrupted dataset, in which the best speaker recognition model EER degraded from 0.93% to 30.13%. To improve this degradation, we propose using Normalized Kernel Least-Mean-Square (NKLMS) adaptive filter. Through the use of NKLMS, we were able to improve the EER from 30.13% to 1.11%. The results indicate that NKLMS has a great potential for speech enhancement to improve speaker recognition.
The Faraday Effect in Ferromagnetics

1. Introduction . —If plane polarised light be transmitted through a medium under the influence of a magnetic field parallel to the direction of propagation, the plane of polarisation is in general rotated. This circumstance is known as the Faraday effect, after its discoverer. For light of a given wave-length, the magnitude of the rotation per unit distance is found to be proportional to the magnetisation. The direction of rotation varies with different substances, being termed diamagnetic, or positive, if in the direction of the current producing the field, and paramagnetic, or negative, if in the opposite sense. The sign of the effect does not depend upon whether the substance is dia- or paramagnetic; negative diamagnetics are, however, infrequent. Thin films of ferromagnetics exhibit an enormous negative rotation, proportional to the magnetisation, and in the following we shall attempt to explain the origin of this by using a very simple model for the substance. We shall consider a single crystal of the metal, and, following Heisenberg, we shall choose the Heitler-London model, where each electron is considered as being attached to an atom, as a first approximation. The interaction of the electrons gives rise to the well-known exchange forces. In a ferromagnetic these exchange forces are of vital importance, and it is therefore necessary to consider states and transitions of the crystal as a whole. Further, it is well known that in a ferromagnetic the average orbital angular momentum is zero. In view of this fact, and in the interest of simplicity, we shall consider a model where each atom possesses one electron in an s -state, outside a closed shell. This, of course, does not correspond to the facts, but any other model would be very much more difficult to handle. Having chosen a model with bound electrons, we shall have no conduction (without including polar states), and shall therefore not have the typical metallic absorption of light, such as is associated with “free” electrons. With the extremely rough model used, it is obvious that we can only expect to obtain the order of magnitude of the rotation, and some idea of its variation with the intensity of magnetisation.
Nipah and Hendra Viruses: Deadly Zoonotic Paramyxoviruses with the Potential to Cause the Next Pandemic

Nipah and Hendra viruses are deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses with a case fatality rate of upto 75%. The viruses belong to the genus henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, a family of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. The natural reservoirs of NiV and HeV are bats (flying foxes) in which the virus infection is asymptomatic. The intermediate hosts for NiV and HeV are swine and equine, respectively. In humans, NiV infections result in severe and often fatal respiratory and neurological manifestations. The Nipah virus was first identified in Malaysia and Singapore following an outbreak of encephalitis in pig farmers and subsequent outbreaks have been reported in Bangladesh and India almost every year. Due to its extreme pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of established antiviral therapeutics and vaccines, research on henipaviruses is highly warranted so as to develop antivirals or vaccines that could aid in the prevention and control of future outbreaks.
Studying the 3D mask effect on CD variation for 65nm and beyond

Since the beginning of the optical lithography simulation, the mask, though actually with limited thickness, is always considered as purely Two-Dimensional, or in other word, the mask thickness is infinitely small. This is always a good approximation for the real mask when the critical dimension is relative large and the Numerical Aperture of the optical imaging system is smaller than 0.7, for, the image distortion induced by the mask thickness and profile under such situation is negligible. Even adopting infinite thin mask approximation described by Kirchoff approach, accurate simulation results can be achieved. However, for higher NA microlithography process, the polarization of the illumination light and the profile of the mask become important factor that will be reflected in the final image formation. Thus, the infinite thin mask approximation will have larger deviation from real world process with the technology goes into 65nm node and beyond. To describe the 3D mask effect exactly, Maxwell electric-magnetic filed equations should be adopted. However, to solve the Maxwell equations mathematically is obviously a horrible work, since the pattern on the mask can be extremely complicated. Fortunately, there are still a lot of algorithms through which numerical results of the Maxwell equations can be achieved. We have developed a tool based on the Finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD), which is developed by K. S. Yee in 1966. Second-order approximation of Mur’s absorbing boundary condition is used to enhance the convergence of the calculation. We here will demonstrate some simulation results given by our tool, including how the profile (footing, undercutting and so on) of the mask affects the final image formed on wafer level and the comparison of the results given by Kirchoff approach and FDTD approach. Brief summary will also given for the 3D Mask Effect in the image formation.
Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystal: From Synthesis to Applications

Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite is widely used in the photoelectric field due to its excellent photoelectric characteristics. Among them, perovskite single crystals have attracted much attention due to its lower trap density and better carrier transport capacity than their corresponding polycrystalline materials. Owing to these characteristics, perovskite single crystals have been widely used in solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diode (LED), and so on, which have greater potential than polycrystals in a series of optoelectronic applications. However, the fabrication of single-crystal devices is limited by size, thickness, and interface problems, which makes the development of single-crystal devices inferior to polycrystalline devices, which also limits their future development. Here, several representative optoelectronic applications of perovskite single crystals are introduced, and some existing problems and challenges are discussed. Finally, we outlook the growth mechanism of single crystals and further the prospects of perovskite single crystals in the further field of microelectronics.
Relationships between the Visual Quality and Color Patterns: Study in Peri-Urban Forests Dominated by Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. in Autumn in Beijing, China

The spatial pattern of color patches plays a crucial role in affecting the visual quality of peri-urban forests dominated by Cotinus coggygria var. cinerea Engl. in autumn. The impact mechanism has been studied to facilitate algorithm-based automatic visual quality estimation. The color patterns of 120 photographs were calculated after color quantization and automatic color substitution. The scenic beauty of the forest was estimated by 698 respondents. Multiple correlations between visual quality and color pattern metrics were explored with stepwise regression. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also employed to investigate the impact mechanism of color patterns on visual quality. Number of patches (NP), largest patch index (LPI), mean patch area (AREA_MN), patch size standard deviation (AREA_SD), and Shannon’s evenness index (SHEI) were the main factors affecting the visual quality of the Cotinus coggygria forest. AREA_MN correlated positively with visual quality, while NP, LPI, AREA_SD, and SHEI correlated negatively. Moreover, AREA_SD had the most significant impact on the visual quality of the landscape, while SHEI, LPI, and AREA_MN had the second-highest impact. The evenness and the size of color patches significantly affected the visual quality of the forest landscapes. Balancing the diversity and evenness of color patches plays a decisive role in creating a forest landscape with high visual quality.