Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LncRNA MALAT1 mediates osteogenic differentiation in osteoporosis by regulating the miR-485-5p/WNT7B axis

Introduction Accumulating evidence demonstrates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with the development of osteoporosis. Methods This study aimed to investigate the effects of MALAT1 on osteogenic differentiation and cell apoptosis in osteoporosis. MALAT1 level, detected by RT-qPCR, was downregulated in hindlimb unloading (HU) mice and simulated microgravity (MG)-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, osteogenic differentiation-related factor (Bmp4, Col1a1, and Spp1) levels were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot. ALP activity was detected, and ALP staining was performed. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Results The results revealed that MALAT1 upregulated the expression of Bmp4, Col1a1, and Spp1, and enhanced ALP activity. Knockdown of MALAT1 suppressed their expression and ALP activity, suggesting that MALAT1 promoted osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, MALAT1 inhibited apoptosis, increased Bax and caspase-3 levels, and decreased Bcl-2 level. However, knockdown of MALAT1 had opposite results. In MG cells, MALAT1 facilitated osteogenic differentiation and suppressed apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-485-5p was identified as a target of MALAT1, and WNT7B was verified as a target of miR-485-5p. Overexpression of miR-485-5p rescued the promotion of osteogenic differentiation and the inhibition of apoptosis induced by MALAT1. Knockdown of WNT7B abolished the facilitation of osteogenic differentiation and the suppression of apoptosis induced by downregulation of miR-485-5p. Discussion In conclusion, MALAT1 promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited cell apoptosis through the miR-485-5p/WNT7B axis, which suggested that MALAT1 is a potential target to alleviate osteoporosis.
Phylogenetic and expression analyses of HSF gene families in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and characterization of TaHSFB4-2B under abiotic stress

The heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) family is widely present in eukaryotes including plants. Recent studies have indicated that HSF is a multifunctional group of genes involved in plant growth and development, as well as response to abiotic stresses. Here we combined the bioinformatic, molecular biology way to dissect the function of Hsf, specifically HsfB4 in wheat under abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified 78 TaHSF genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and analyzed their phylogenetic relationship and expression regulation motifs. Next, the expression profiles of TaHSFs and AtHSFs were analyzed in different tissues as well as in response to abiotic stress. Furthermore, to explore the role of HSFB4 in abiotic stress response, we cloned TaHSFB4-2B from the wheat variety, Chinese Spring. Subcellular localization analysis showed that TaHSFB4-2B was localized in the nucleus. In addition, We observed TaHSFB4-2B was highly expressed in the root and stem, its transcription was induced under long-term heat shock, cold, and salinity stress. Additionally, overexpression of TaHSFB4-2B suppressed seed germination and growth in Arabidopsis with salinity and mannitol treatment. It also modulated the expression of stress-responsive genes, including AtHSP17.8, AtHSP17.6A, AtHSP17.6C, CAT2, and SOS1, under both normal and stress conditions. From these finding, we propose that TaHSFB4-2B act as a negative regulator of abiotic stress response in the plant.
Early childhood learning analytics: A case study of Learning Jungle

The benefits of participating in high-quality Early Childhood Education (ECE) have been recognized by people for many years; and the need for high-quality ECE has never been greater. In this case study, we focus on whether ECE can improve learning speed in five domains: social, emotional, communication, cognition, and physical development. The initial ages for each of these five domains, in months since birth, are collected and compared with that of common children as described in Nipissing District Developmental Screen (NDDS). We find that children in the ECE program learned faster with a p-value no >0.0078. In addition, students in an ECE program are labeled by their ages at enrollment as Cohort 1 (infant) and Cohort 2 (toddler), and we conduct the following statistical tests on their difference: Welch's t-test, Hoteling's T2-test, and survival analysis. We find that the average initial observation age of Cohort 1 is 4.82 months earlier than that of Cohort 2 with a p-value no >0.009. We are convinced that ECE programs could advance students' learning in all five domains.
Effect of tonsillectomy in a child with obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: A case report and review of the literature

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly recognized disorder in children. Adenotonsillectomy is the primary surgical treatment for OSA in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH). We present the case of an obese 4-year-old boy hospitalized for severe desaturation during sleep and severe ATH. Nasal steroid therapy proved ineffective with persistent symptoms. Polygraphy documented severe OSA with an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) equal to 11. Tonsillectomy resulted in prompt symptom improvement and a substantial reduction of the AHI (2.2). In this case, tonsillectomy alone resulted effective in treating OSA, despite obesity. We concluded that the presence of obesity should not postpone/exclude surgical treatment of preschool children for whom ATH is the most important cause of OSA.
Intermediate-band photometry of a rich cluster of galaxies: A2218

This paper presents four color intermediate-band photometry of the cluster A2218 carried out using the Wise Observatory 1 m telescope. A2218 is one of the richest clusters in the Abell catalogue, with richness class 4. We find that A2218 has an unusually low fraction of blue galaxies for its redshift (z=0.171), and is populated mainly by E/S0 galaxies, while starburst systems are very scarce. The few starbursting galaxies present populate the faint end of the cluster luminosity function, close to the limiting magnitude of our observations. The difference between A2218 and other clusters at similar redshifts is very remarkable, underlining the influence of cluster richness on the evolution of its member galaxies.
Cygnus A: stars, dust and cones

We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST ) continuum and spectral line images of the radio galaxy Cygnus A. The images show much complex structure in the central kpc2. Continuum images show the central dust lane in detail, allowing detailed maps of E(B − V) to be constructed; the dust appears to follow a roughly Galactic extinction law. The emission-line components are resolved in the line images and investigated in detail. A clear ‘opening cone’ morphology is found, especially in the lines of Hα and [O i]. Blue condensations are seen in the south-eastern emission component and surrounding the central region. These are almost certainly due to star formation, which began <1 Gyr ago as deduced from the colour of the regions. More extended blue continuum is also seen and corresponds to the blue polarized component detected by other recent spectropolarimetric observations.
Global Robust Exponential Stability of Cohen-Grossberg Neural Network with Time Varying Delays

In this paper, the global robust exponential stability is discussed for Cohen-Grossgerg neural network with parameter uncertainties and time varying delays. On the basis of the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) technique, and Lyapunov functional method combined with the Bellman inequality and Jensen inequality technique, we have obtained the main condition to ensure the global robust exponential stability of the equilibrium point for this system. The proposed result is less restrictive, easier to check in practice. Remarks are made with other previous works to show the superiority of the obtained result, and the simulation example is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of our result.
Longitudinal comparison of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in children with and without perinatal HIV infection in South Africa

Introduction: HIV infection is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia driven by HIV-associated immune dysregulation and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Children living with perinatally acquired HIV (CHIV) face many decades of exposure to these factors. We evaluated the longitudinal trajectory of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in CHIV and HIV-exposed uninfected children (CHEU), compared with children HIV-unexposed (CHU). Methods: Four hundred and eighty-five children (141 CHIV, 169 CHEU, 175 CHU) aged 5–16 years, previously part of CHER and P1060 trials, were followed annually at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, South Africa. The primary outcome was Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary outcomes included low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglyceride-to-HDL ratio, android fat mass and SBP. Outcomes were evaluated using linear mixed effects models, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: CHIV had 73% greater HOMA-IR than CHU in ages 6–8 years (95% CI 15.9–158.2%, P < 0.001), and 24.7% greater HOMA-IR than CHU in ages 9–10 years (0.3–55.1%, P = 0.04). By 10–11 years, the difference was not significant (P = 0.161). Longitudinally, triglyceride-to-HDL was 47.94% (34.50–62.73%, P < 0.001) higher in CHIV vs. CHU; LDL was 0.25 mmol/l (0.10–0.39, P = 0.001) higher in CHIV vs. CHU; android fat mass was 11.57% (−21.11 to −0.87%, P = 0.035) lower in CHIV than CHU. No significant difference in SBP was found. CHEU and CHU had similar outcomes. Conclusion: Early-treated CHIV have elevated insulin resistance, which resolves with time. Triglyceride-to-HDL ratio and LDL cholesterol were elevated into puberty. CHIV should be monitored for insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and subclinical cardiovascular disease.
Current Trends in Scleral Lens Prescription, Management, and Evaluation

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Objectives: To report current trends in scleral contact lens prescription and management, including lens designs prescribed, care products recommended, and procedures performed during routine scleral lens (SL) evaluation. Methods: An online survey was designed by the Scleral Lenses in Current Ophthalmic Practice Evaluation study team and administered to eye care practitioners attending a specialty contact lens meeting. The survey was available from November 8, 2019, through March 31, 2020. Participants' demographic data were collected, along with information on lens diameters, landing zone (LZ) designs, recommended care products, and components of routine SL evaluation. Results: In total, 715 participants responded to at least one of the survey items of interest. Most lenses prescribed (63%) were 16 mm or more in diameter. Lenses with toric LZs were the most frequently prescribed (48%), followed by spherical (40%), quadrant-specific (8%), and impression-based or image-based designs (3%). Most participants (61%) recommended hydrogen peroxide products for lens care. Nonpreserved saline in a single-use vial was most frequently recommended to fill the bowl of the lens before application. Intraocular pressure was measured during SL evaluation by 45% of participants; 38% of participants routinely measured corneal thickness. Conclusions: Practitioners increasingly are prescribing SLs with advanced LZ designs. Most practitioners recommend hydrogen peroxide–based disinfection systems and single-use vials of nonpreserved saline for lens care and application. Because differences in components of routine SL evaluations were reported, clinicians may benefit from reaching a consensus on essential components of SL evaluation.
Inflammation in osteoarthritis: the latest progress and ongoing challenges

Purpose of review The understanding of inflammation in osteoarthritis is rapidly evolving. This review highlights important basic science, mechanistic, and clinical findings since 2020 that underscore the current notion of osteoarthritis as an inflammatory disease. Recent findings There exists a disconnect between clinical radiographic findings and patient symptoms in osteoarthritis. Inflammation, in particular synovitis, has been put forward as a potential explanation for this disconnect. New findings have shed light on the temporal dynamics and activation states of joint-resident or systemically derived immune cell populations, notably macrophages, that participate in the inflammatory response. The intricate crosstalk in which they engage may underpin disparate pain and symptoms in patients, for instance during osteoarthritis flares. The role of biological and environmental factors such as exercise, age, and diet, have been the subject of recent studies for their protective or destructive roles in osteoarthritis inflammation. Despite these advances, no disease-modifying osteoarthritis treatments targeting inflammation have emerged. Summary Osteoarthritis is a debilitating chronic disease that manifests with widely varying symptomatology. Inflammation is now appreciated as a key pathophysiological process in osteoarthritis, but there remain considerable gaps in our understanding of its role in disease progression and how best to target the inflammatory response for therapeutic interventions.
Host variation in type I interferon signaling genes (MX1), C–C chemokine receptor type 5 gene, and major histocompatibility complex class I alleles in treated HIV+ noncontrollers predict viral reservoir size

Objective: Prior genomewide association studies have identified variation in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles and C–C chemokine receptor type 5 gene (CCR5Δ32) as genetic predictors of viral control, especially in ‘elite’ controllers, individuals who remain virally suppressed in the absence of therapy. Design: Cross-sectional genomewide association study. Methods: We analyzed custom whole exome sequencing and direct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing from 202 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed HIV+ noncontrollers in relation to four measures of the peripheral CD4+ T-cell reservoir: HIV intact DNA, total (t)DNA, unspliced (us)RNA, and RNA/DNA. Linear mixed models were adjusted for potential covariates including age, sex, nadir CD4+ T-cell count, pre-ART HIV RNA, timing of ART initiation, and duration of ART suppression. Results: Previously reported ‘protective’ host genetic mutations related to viral setpoint (e.g. among elite controllers) were found to predict smaller HIV reservoir size. The HLA ‘protective’ B∗57:01 was associated with significantly lower HIV usRNA (q = 3.3 × 10−3), and among the largest subgroup, European ancestry individuals, the CCR5Δ32 deletion was associated with smaller HIV tDNA (P = 4.3 × 10−3) and usRNA (P = 8.7 × 10−3). In addition, genomewide analysis identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms in MX1 (an interferon stimulated gene) that were significantly associated with HIV tDNA (q = 0.02), and the direction of these associations paralleled MX1 gene eQTL expression. Conclusions: We observed a significant association between previously reported ‘protective’ MHC class I alleles and CCR5Δ32 with the HIV reservoir size in noncontrollers. We also found a novel association between MX1 and HIV total DNA (in addition to other interferon signaling relevant genes, PPP1CB, DDX3X). These findings warrant further investigation in future validation studies.
Randomization models for the matched and unmatched 2 × 2 tables

SUMMARY Randomization models for 2 x 2 tables in the matched and unmatched cases are proposed and, in terms of these models, the usual large sample statistical tests are shown to be conservative. The likelihood surface for the unmatched case is discussed. In the matched case, the model takes more explicit account of the effect of the matching criteria used in the trial than do the more familiar probability models. A simple analogue in the case of continuous measurements is indicated.
Connecting accelerator experiments and cosmic ray showers

Currently the uncertainty in the prediction of shower observables for different primary particles and energies is dominated by differences between hadronic interaction models. The LHC data on minimum bias measurements can be used to test Monte Carlo generators and these new constrains will help to reduce the uncertainties in air shower predictions. In this article, after a short introduction on air showers we will show the results of the comparison between the updated version of high energy hadronic interaction models with LHC data. Results for air shower simulations and their consequence on the comparison with air shower data will be discussed. Most of the Astronomy and Astrophysics is done using electromagnetic signals from radio to gamma rays. It gives precious informations on the various objects observed in the Universe and their history. In fact a part of these signals is produced by elementary charged particles like electrons or nuclei which can escape the source and reach the Earth after a long propagation through the (extra)galactic medium. Eventually these charged particles may cross the path of the Earth and enter our field of view: they are cosmic rays. Due to the steeply falling energy spectrum of cosmic rays, direct detection by satellite- or balloon-borne instruments is only possible up to about ∼10 14 eV. Fortunately, at such high energies, the cascades of secondary particles produced by cosmic rays reach the ground and can be detected in coincidence experiments. The cascades are called extensive air showers (EAS) and are routinely used to make indirect measurements of high energy cosmic rays. The upper limit of the detectable energy is given by the area and exposure time of the detector. For instance, the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO) (1), which is currently taking data in Argentina, is designed to detect particles of ∼10 20 eV for which the flux is less than one particle per km 2 and century. Air showers can be observed using different detection techniques. The most frequently employed technique is the measurement of secondary particles reaching ground. Using an array of particle detectors (for example, sensitive to e ± and ± ), the arrival direction and information on mass and energy of the primary cosmic ray can be reconstructed. The main observables are the number and the lateral (Fig. 2 left-hand side) and temporal distributions of the different secondary particles. At energies above ∼10 17 eV, the longitudinal development of a shower can be directly observed by measuring the fluorescence light induced by the charged particles traversing the atmosphere. Two main observables can be extracted from the longitudinal shower profile: the energy deposit or the number of particles, Nmax, at the shower maximum and Xmax, the atmospheric depth of the maximum (see Fig. 2 right-hand side). Again, these quantities can be used to estimate the energy and mass of the primary particles. Shower-to-shower fluctuations of all observables also provide very useful composition information.
The unique ergodic measure of the symmetric piecewise toral isometry of rotation angle θ=kπ/5 is the Hausdorff measure of its singular set

It is known that the symmetric piecewise toral isometry of rotation angle θ = k π /5, k=1, 2, 3, 4 is uniquely ergodic in ‘a certain subset’ of its singular set (aka exceptional set). The purpose of this paper is to identify the unique ergodic measure explicitly. In fact, we prove that the unique ergodic measure is none other than the normalized Hausdorff measure of the singular set, consequently proving that the unique ergodicity holds in the entire singular set. We use the ‘phantom dynamics’ given by a number of symmetry identifications as our main tool.
Mises’ Theorem on the Asymptotic Behavior of Functionals of Empirical Distribution Functions and Its Statistical Applications

Let $\xi _1 ,\xi _2 , \cdots \xi _n , \cdots $ be a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with a distribution function $F(x)$, and let $F_n^ * (x)$ be an empirical distribution function of $\xi _1 ,\xi _2 , \cdots \xi _n $, We study the asymptotic properties of a functional $T[F_n^ * ]$ when $n \to \infty$. The following result is obtained for a certain class of functionals, called Mises’ functionals: the limiting distribution of $n^{m/2} \{ T[F_n^ * ] - T[F]\}$, when $n \to \infty$, coincides with that of the functional of the form \[n^{m/2} T_{( m )} [ {F_n^ * } ] = n^{m/2} \int_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } \cdots \int_{ - \infty }^{ + \infty } {\psi \left( {x_1 , \cdots ,x_m } \right)} \prod\limits_{i = 1}^m {d[ {F_n^ * ( {x_i } ) - F( {x_i } )} ],} \] where the number m and the function $\psi (x_1 , \cdots x_m )$ are defined by the functional T and the distribution function $F(x)$ (Mises’ theorem). The case $m = 1$ may be regarded as the basic one; in this case we deal with sum.
Analytic solutions of fractional integro-differential equations of Volterra type with variable coefficients

In this paper we study explicit solutions of fractional integro-differential equations with variable coefficients involving Prabhakar-type operators. Analytic solutions to equations involving Prabhakar operators and Laguerre derivatives are obtained by means of operational methods. Cauchy type problems for fractional integro-differential equations of Volterra type with generalized Riemann-Liouville derivative operator, which contain generalized Mittag-Leffler function in the kernel are also considered. Using the Laplace transform method, explicit solutions of the fractional integro-differential equations of Volterra type with variable coefficients, proposed by Srivastava and Tomovski in [28] are established in terms of the multinomial Wright function.
Transverse coronal loop oscillations seen in unprecedented detail by AIA/SDO

Aims. Detailed analysis of 11 transverse coronal loop oscillations in three events observed with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) spacecraft. Detailed analysis includes analysis of the displacement time series, intensity variations and comparing EUVI and AIA data to estimate the 3D loop geometry. Methods. Time distance images extracted from cuts made perpendicular to the oscillations are obtained. A Gaussian plus background fitting technique is used to extract the time series which is then fitted with a damped cosine curve. Intensity variations are extracted along the time series points. EUVI/STEREO data is compared to AIA/SDO data to obtain three-dimensional models of the loop geometry. Results. Timeseries analysis revealed periods between 1.7 and 10 min and damping timesbetween 2.9 and 13 min. Intensity variations are reliably observed for six of the loops and a comparison between EUVI/STEREO and AIA/SDO data is performed to simulate the polarisation of the kink mode. We conclude that the intensity variations are due to variations in the line of sight column depth of a horizontally polarised transverse loop oscillation. Coronal seismology of the kink mode was applied to determine the range of the internal Alfven speed and the magnetic field strength for each loop.