Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Drivers of Acute Food Insecurity and the Risk of Famine

This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on the drivers of acute food insecurity and famines with a focus on key FCDO-partner countries. This review builds further on evidence already collected in other K4D helpdesk reports. The main conclusion of this rapid review is that the drivers of acute food insecurity are complex, often involving multiple and interrelated factors. The drivers for chronical food insecurity and acute food insecurity cannot be separated entirely from each other, as the evidence shows that slow-onset determinants of food insecurity could play a critical role during an event (or multiple events) that could trigger a food emergency. The literature shows that the political economy (e.g. food system governance or preparedness of institutions to disasters) and socioeconomic dynamics (e.g. shaping demand and supply of food) have become more relevant factors in any analysis on the drivers of acute food insecurity, acute malnutrition, and famine. This coincides with a shift in the literature away from global drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition toward localised dynamics on the national and sub-national level. The analytical framework of Howe (2018) that captures this complexity distinguishes pressure, hold, and self-reinforcing dynamics as key dimensions that explain potential pathways for famine. These could be political-induced, natural-induced, economical-induced, or socially induced, but most often a combination. Based on this framework and supported by the evidence from the literature, this rapid review assesses conflicts and protracted crises; climate change and pressure on natural resources; social inequalities; and economic shocks and food prices, as the key drivers of acute food insecurity and famine. Importantly, from the literature it seems clear that acute food insecurity is the result of changing vulnerabilities that link with different coping mechanisms of households and communities.
One Reduction Method of Telecommunications Nework Events

In this paper, the mass events of telecommunication network are researched, the none fault events reduction method and repeat events reduction method are proposed after researching the events of telecommunications network, on the basis of researching the characteristics of the events of telecommunications network, the improved methods were proposed. Further, in the aspect of event reduction performance, proposed the fingerprint algorithm, the events reduction process of inefficient much text comparison convert efficient integer value comparison, effectively improve the performance of the event reduction, meets real-time event handling performance requirements.
Endometriosis and gynaecological cancers: molecular insights behind a complex machinery

Endometriosis is described as the presence of both endometrial glandular and stromal cells outside the uterine cavity. A major characterization of this disease is ectopic implantation of endometrial cells with increased migration. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity among premenopausal women, with a prevalence of 10–16% of women of reproductive age. Despite over century of intensive research, none of the current treatment options represents a real cure. Based on the current knowledge, endometriosis, particularly its atypical version, is considered to be a transitional form from benign disease to tumour. However, the exact mechanisms of this conversion are still not fully established.
AN INVESTIGATION OF REAL OPTION THEORY TO EVALUATE DESIGN, PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES

Now a day, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) community has to find effective tools and methods through multi-disciplinary research to deal with pressing issues of sustainability. One important aspect of sustainability is the underlying costs associated with the design, procurement, construction, and operation and maintenance of renewable energy facilities both in the United States and abroad. This paper investigates theories from financial engineering, particularly real option theory, and methods of incorporating them with life cycle costing to perform economic analysis studies of constructing and operating renewable energy facilities with specific emphasis on biofuel production. It is perceived that the results of this research will allow the decision maker to dynamically account for the uncertainties in the project cash flows through the application of real options when performing financial evaluations leading to life cycle cost analysis of biofuel production facilities. The last section of the paper illustrates the added value obtained from applying one of the several real option scenarios related to the timing of the investment.
Federated Reinforcement Learning Based AANs with LEO Satellites and UAVs

Supported by the advances in rocket technology, companies like SpaceX and Amazon competitively have entered the satellite Internet business. These companies said that they could provide Internet service sufficiently to users using their communication resources. However, the Internet service might not be provided in densely populated areas, as the satellites coverage is broad but its resource capacity is limited. To offload the traffic of the densely populated area, we present an adaptable aerial access network (AAN), composed of low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites and federated reinforcement learning (FRL)-enabled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Using the proposed system, UAVs could operate with relatively low computation resources than centralized coverage management systems. Furthermore, by utilizing FRL, the system could continuously learn from various environments and perform better with the longer operation times. Based on our proposed design, we implemented FRL, constructed the UAV-aided AAN simulator, and evaluated the proposed system. Base on the evaluation result, we validated that the FRL enabled UAV-aided AAN could operate efficiently in densely populated areas where the satellites cannot provide sufficient Internet services, which improves network performances. In the evaluations, our proposed AAN system provided about 3.25 times more communication resources and had 5.1% lower latency than the satellite-only AAN.
MOBILITY BASED FORWARDING NODE SELECTION USING ADAPTIVE POSITION UPDATE IN 'MANET'

It is a challenge to develop routing scheme that can meet different application needs and optimize routing paths according to the topology change in mobile ad hoc networks. In geographic routing, nodes need to maintain up-to-date positions of their immediate neighbors for making effective forwarding decisions. Hence each node should update its location information through a message called beacon. Existing routing mechanisms invokes periodic beacon update scheme which is not attractive from both update cost and routing performance points of view. The Proposed Routing scheme Adaptive Position Update (APU) can be effectively used in geographic routing, based on two simple rules: (1) Mobility Prediction, and (2) On-Demand Learning, which dynamically adjusts the frequency of position updates based on the mobility dynamics of the nodes and the forwarding patterns in the network, attractive for update cost and routing performance. Our route optimization scheme adapts the routing path according to both topology changes and actual data traffic requirements by selecting the nodes with low mobility which means selection of stable node’s as forwarder based on its mobility. Simulation studies have shown that the proposed routing scheme are more robust and outperform the existing geographic routing scheme by achieving higher packet delivery ratio and reducing the packet delivery latency.
The advanced lung cancer inflammation index predicts outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer following video-assisted thoracic surgery

Objective The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) predicts overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, few studies have tested ALI’s prognostic effect in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), especially patients at stage III. This study investigated the relationship between ALI and outcomes of patients with NSCLC following VATS. Methods We retrospectively examined 339 patients with NSCLC who underwent VATS at Hebei General Hospital, China. Preoperative clinical and laboratory parameters were collected and analyzed. Optimal cutoff values of potential prognostic factors, including ALI, were determined. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to determine each factor’s prognostic value. Results The median OS was 31 months. The optimal cutoff value for ALI was 41.20. Patients with high ALI (≥41.20) displayed increased OS (33.87 vs. 30.24 months), higher survival rates, and milder clinical characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant correlation between ALI and the prognosis of patients with NSCLC, including those at stage IIIA, who underwent VATS. Conclusions Low ALI correlated with poor outcomes in patients with NSCLC following VATS. Preoperative ALI might be a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with NSCLC following VATS, including patients at stage IIIA.
Experimental Investigation of a Wave-Piercing Trimaran on the Outrigger Configurations in terms of Seakeeping and Added Resistance

The outrigger symmetry of a trimaran is believed to significantly affect its hydrodynamic functioning. The present study was conducted to investigate the added resistance responses and experimental vertical motion of a wave-piercing trimaran in regular head waves. A series of experiments have been carried out in the National Iranian Marine Laboratory (NIMALA) towing tank to determine the effect of side hulls symmetry on the heave and pitch motions and added resistance. The models were tested over a range of wave frequencies and Froude numbers using both symmetric and asymmetric outriggers. According to the results, the symmetric side hull form based on heave motion, the outboard form in terms of pitch motion and added resistance have better performances among these three kinds of side hull forms. Furthermore, there are local maximum and minimum points on the ship motion response curves due to heave and pitch coupling in their respective frequencies.
Análisis de las necesidades del cliente y su satisfacción en la industria del mueble según las normas ISO 9000: un estudio de casos Analysing customer requirements and satisfaction in the furniture industry according to ISO 9000 certification: a case study

The need to identify customer requirements and to satisfy them has become the main objective of companies. To manage that activity, that it is commonly associated to the marketing department, is the aim of every quality system, and therefore is a task that comprises the remaining departments of the organization. Through a case study, this paper seeks to identify which are the usual marketing practices in the furniture industry, and to outline an appropriate performance framework in agreement with the procedures settled down in the ISO 9000:2000 standards.
VOXEL-BASED INTERACTIVE HAPTIC SIMULATION OF DENTAL DRILLING

Haptics is one of the most important sensations for dentists to prepare cavity in dental surgery, which is however not easy to simulate in a computer system because of the large drilling force and the small speed of movement and material removal. In this paper, we present a fully voxel-based approach to interactively simulate dental drilling. Different from those voxel/mesh hybrid models, the drilling forces are computed directly from the voxel-representation while considering the factors of teeth’s material properties, the posture and forward speed of dentist’s drill and the contact surface area. To overcome force discontinuity caused by removal of tooth material, we define two layers of voxels on drill, where the boundary voxels are only employed to compute force feedback and the interior voxels are adopted to remove materials from teeth. The experimental result shows that our force model can produce smooth and large force feedback at a slow movement on haptic devices. Other than haptic rendering, a real-time filtering method directly using voxel representation has also been developed to improve visual rendering in dental simulation.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
CSF neurofilament light chain predicts 10-year clinical and radiologic worsening in multiple sclerosis

Background Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an attractive biomarker of disease activity and progression in MS, but there is a lack in long-term prognostic data. Objective To test the long-term clinical and radiological prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-NfL among newly diagnosed patients with MS. Methods Newly diagnosed MS patients where followed prospectively with baseline CSF-NfL and repeated MRI and clinical assessments for up to 10 years. Associations between baseline CSF-NfL and longitudinal MRI and clinical assessments were found by Generalized Estimating Equations analysis. Results Forty-two participants were included. CSF-NfL at baseline was significantly associated with the rate of atrophy in globus pallidus (p = 0.009) and hippocampus (p = 0.001) as evaluated by MRI. Baseline volumes of thalamus (β −0.33; 95% CI −0.57 to −0.10, p = 0.006), T1 (β 0.28; 95% CI 0.11 to 0.44, p = 0.001) and T2 (β 0.16; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.27, p = 0.008) lesions and baseline levels of CSF-NfL (β 0.9; 95% CI 0.3 to 1.5, p = 0.002) significantly predicted EDSS worsening over 10 years. Baseline CSF-NfL gave a comparable prediction to the best MRI volumetric predictors. Conclusion CSF-NfL predicted the clinical and radiological course of newly diagnosed patients with MS over a 10-year period, underlining its prognostic role.
2/spl times/2 fused fiber null couplers with asymmetric waist cross sections for polarization independent (<0.01 dB) switching

Polarization independent (<0.01 dB) switching is achieved at 1.55 /spl mu/m in a strongly guiding, fused tapered fiber null coupler acoustooptic switch. An intermediate degree of fusion of the dissimilarly sized fibers is shown experimentally to have the form birefringence required to render the mode-splitting coupler polarization insensitive. The effect of the degree of fiber fusion on the acoustic wavelength of flexural waves is studied theoretically and experimentally, and precise control over the degree of fiber fusion is obtained for coupler waist cross-sectional dimensions as small as 6 /spl mu/m.
ANALYSIS ON A RELEASE HISTORY DATABASE TO ASSIST MANAGEMENT OF THE SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE

Software maintenance is the most time consuming activity in the life cycle of software. Software maintenance suffers from missed deadlines and from being over budget. Managers usually pay more attention to development than to maintenance: for example, they prefer to assign senior developers to the development phase tasks and neglect maintenance ones. Managers have difficulty identifying problems, and their causes, in maintenance. This thesis presents techniques for analysis on the proposed release history database to provide metrics for improvement of the maintenance phase. The proposed release history database is enriched by valuable data that comes from an issue tracking system, code repository, and time entry system. The proposed release history database and the analysis of the data contained there provides metrics which allow maintainers to find risky and time consuming codes, recommending maintenance team and maintenance location and a suggestions for the future of the maintenance. Automation is also provided as a proof of concept through a prototypical tool.
Visualization and functional characterization of lymphoid organ fibroblasts

Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized stromal cells of lymphoid organs that generate the structural foundation of the tissue and actively interact with immune cells. Distinct FRC subsets position lymphocytes and myeloid cells in specialized niches where they present processed or native antigen and provide essential growth factors and cytokines for immune cell activation and differentiation. Niche‐specific functions of FRC subpopulations have been defined using genetic targeting, high‐dimensional transcriptomic analyses, and advanced imaging methods. Here, we review recent findings on FRC‐immune cell interaction and the elaboration of FRC development and differentiation. We discuss how imaging approaches have not only shaped our understanding of FRC biology, but have critically advanced the niche concept of immune cell maintenance and control of immune reactivity.
Condition Monitoring of Gears and Advanced Signal Processing Techniques towards More Effective Diagnostic Schemes

A diagnostic methodology of artificial defects in a single stage gearbox operating under various load levels and different defect states is proposed in the present work based on vibration recordings as well as advanced signal analysis techniques. Two different wavelet-based signal processing methodologies, using the discrete as well as the continuous wavelet transform, were utilised for the analysis of the recorded vibration signals and useful diagnostic information were extracted out of them. Both wavelet analysis techniques provided the ability of distinguishing between the healthy and the artificially defected gears. In this way, the health monitoring potential of vibration monitoring in the case of rotating machinery and gearboxes obtains a new dynamic under the prism of sophisticated time-frequency signal processing schemes, rather than conventional FFT-based approaches.
SBS threshold of a fiber with a Brillouin frequency shift distribution

The SBS threshold of a fiber with Brillouin frequency shift distribution along its length is investigated theoretically and experimentally. We obtain a simple equation for estimating the SBS threshold from the effective gain coefficient, which is calculated by using the Brillouin frequency distribution along its length. The dopant concentration dependence of the Brillouin frequency shift are measured for fibers with an F and GeO/sub 2/ codoped silica core. The evaluated frequency shift per unit of dopant concentration is 277 MHz/wt% and 45 MHz/wt% for F and GeO/sub 2/, respectively, at 1.55 /spl mu/m. The SBS threshold of a fiber with a nonuniform Brillouin frequency shift distribution prepared by the VAD method is investigated experimentally. The fiber exhibits 7 dB improvement in its SBS threshold. This value is in good agreement with one estimated by calculating the effective gain coefficient. This simple equation will be useful for estimating the SBS threshold of various fibers.
Stimulus, Recovery and Exit Policy G20 Experience and

Sudipto Mundle is Emeritus Professor, M.Govinda Rao mgr@nipfp.org. in is Director, and N. R. Bhanumurthy nrbmurthy@gmail.com is Professor at the National Institute of Public Finance & Policy (NIPFP), New Delhi. The authors are grateful to Dr Kaushik Basu for his useful comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Thanks are also due to Surajit Das and Sukanya Lal Bahadur for their research assistance and to Chandan Mukherjee for his advice on growth turning points and measurement of tax buoyancy. However, the usual disclaimers apply.
Multi-Behavior Agent Model for Supply Chain Management

Recent economic and international threats to occidental industries have encouraged companies to rethink their planning systems. Due to consolidation, the development of integrated supply chains and the use of inter-organizational information systems have increased business interdependencies and the need for collaboration. Thus, agility and the ability to deal quickly with disturbances in supply chains are critical to maintain overall performance. In order to develop tools to increase the agility of the supply chain and to promote the collaborative management of such disturbances, agent-based technology takes advantage of the ability of agents to make autonomous decisions in a distributed network. This paper proposes a multi-behavior agent model using different decision making approaches in a context where planning decisions are supported by a distributed advanced planning system (d-APS). The implementation of this solution is realized through the FOR@C experimental agent-based platform, dedicated to the supply chain planning for the forest products industry.
Electrical signals from water trees-polarization and depolarization currents

If polymer insulated medium voltage cables are used in wet environments, after some time water trees are generated. As these objects may decrease the breakdown voltage, the interesting questions for utilities are, how many water trees exist in the insulation, what are their lengths and last but not least is there a risk for the safe operation of the cable. One chance to get some answers on these questions without digging out the cables is to apply an AC or a DC voltage to the cable and to measure the loss tangent, the shape of the AC current and/or the polarization and depolarization currents produced by the water trees. Comparing the different methods, the evaluation of the polarization and conduction currents produced by the water trees seems to be more sensitive than the change of the loss tangent, at least in the early stages of the water treeing phenomenon. Furthermore it is known that after termination of the voltage load, water diffuses out of the water trees and hence the electrical signals from water trees are decreased. To get a better understanding of these phenomena the authors aged commercial cable insulations in the laboratory under accelerating conditions (using a temperature gradient in the insulation), applied a DC voltage and analyzed the polarization and depolarization currents.
A Spectrogram for the Twenty-First Century

Just as World War II was breaking out in Europe in 1939, a prototype of a remarkable electrical device was being completed at Bell Telephone Laboratories, under the direction of Ralph Potter. This device was able to provide, on a strip of paper, a continuous running document of the Fourier spectrum of a sound signal as it changed through time. Because of the war it was kept under wraps, but its detailed construction and numerous applications were revealed to the scientific community in a series of papers published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) in 1946, wherein it was called the Sound Spectrograph. The running spectral analysis that it output was termed a spectrogram. The spectrograph has been recorded in history as one of the most useful and influential instruments for acoustic signal processing. In particular, the fields of phonetics and speech communication, which motivated the development of the machine, have been completely transformed by its widespread adoption. Over the decades, the cumbersome and delicate analog spectrograph hardware was transformed into more robust digital hardware at first, and then as computers became generally more powerful, into the digital software incarnations most of us use today. The underlying principle of the spectrogram has never changed; most applied acousticians who do time-frequency analysis are content to use software that in essence simulates the output that appeared 60 years ago in JASA (Fig. 1). Of what else in acoustics can the same be said? Do we use 60-year old microphones? Tape recorders? Loudspeakers? Well, in truth, some of us have not been so content, but a more useful analytical process has never been generally recognized. The rich area of signal proA SPECTROGRAM FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY