Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generative Adversarial Networks for Anomaly Detection in Biomedical Imaging: A Study on Seven Medical Image Datasets

Anomaly detection (AD) is a challenging problem in computer vision. Particularly in the field of medical imaging, AD poses even more challenges due to a number of reasons, including insufficient availability of ground truth (annotated) data. In recent years, AD models based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) have made significant progress. However, their effectiveness in biomedical imaging remains underexplored. In this paper, we present an overview of using GANs for AD, as well as an investigation of state-of-the-art GAN-based AD methods for biomedical imaging and the challenges encountered in detail. We have also specifically investigated the advantages and limitations of AD methods on medical image datasets, conducting experiments using 3 AD methods on 7 medical imaging datasets from different modalities and organs/tissues. Given the highly different findings achieved across these experiments, we further analyzed the results from both data-centric and model-centric points of view. The results showed that none of the methods had a reliable performance for detecting abnormalities in medical images. Factors such as the number of training samples, the subtlety of the anomaly, and the dispersion of the anomaly in the images are among the phenomena that highly impact the performance of the AD models. The obtained results were highly variable (AUC: 0.475-0.991; Sensitivity: 0.17-0.98; Specificity: 0.14-0.97). In addition, we provide recommendations for the deployment of AD models in medical imaging and foresee important research directions.
Optimal Design of a Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Small-Scale Wind Energy Conversion Systems

This paper presents an optimal design of a direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator for a smallscale wind energy conversion system. An analytical model of a small-scale grid-connected wind energy conversion system is presented, and the effects of generator design parameters on the payback period of the system are investigated. An optimization procedure based on genetic algorithm method is then employed to optimize four design parameters of the generator for use in a region with relatively low wind-speed. The aim of optimization is minimizing the payback period of the initial investment on wind energy conversion systems for residential applications. This makes the use of these systems more economical and appealing. Finite element method is employed to evaluate the performance of the optimized generator. The results obtained from finite element analysis are close to those achieved by analytical model.
A robust registration method for high resolution remote sensing images

In this paper, we propose an automatic and accurate image registration method for the high resolution. Due to the strong distortion caused by the terrain relief in this kind of images, it cannot be resolved by one set of transformation coefficients for the whole image. So the method mainly consists of two parts: one part is the dense feature point matching, and the other is the faced based differential registration. The matching algorithm integrates the feature point matching, relaxation optimization technique, the Least Square Matching, the coarse-to-fine strategy, and it can provide hundreds of thousands of reliable and accurate control points. With the TIN, these points divide the image into a lot of small triangles. For each triangle, we can assume the local distortion is simple and can be depicted by the affine transformation function. Finally, faced based differential registration is performed to resample the slave image. Experiments have been carried out and satisfactory results have been obtained.
Technical Briefs

Abstract To investigate cross-cultural differences in the community response to road traffic noise, social surveys were conducted in Gothenburg, Sweden, and Kumamoto and Sapporo, Japan, using the same questionnaire and noise measurement method. Typical residential areas with detached houses and apartments were selected as the target areas in each city. The questionnaire comprised 40 questions relating to environmental, housing and personal factors. The key questions concerned annoyance caused by road traffic noise. The total numbers of respondents were 1142 in Gothenburg, 837 in Kumamoto and 780 in Sapporo. The response rates were 68·8, 69·3 and 57·5% respectively. After the questionnaires were completed, noise measurements were made in each area. Community responses were compared on the basis of the dose–response relationships. There were no systematic differences between community responses in Sapporo and Kumamoto, which have the same culture. People living in detached houses in Gothenburg were more annoyed by the same road traffic noise than the people living in Japanese cities. There were no systematic differences among the three cities with regard to activity disturbances indoors, but significant disturbance of activities and resting in gardens or on balconies was noted in Gothenburg. The difference in activity disturbance was due to the differences between lifestyles in the two countries. People living in detached houses were more annoyed by the house vibration caused by road traffic than those living in apartments and people were annoyed by the exhaust from road traffic to the same extent as noise.
Detection of atrial fibrillation and sinus pause in embolic stroke of undetermined sources by chest strap‐style 7‐day Holter monitoring

Long‐time monitoring of electrocardiogram with an implantable loop recorder is useful for detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in ESUS patients. However, usefulness of noninvasive 7‐day Holter monitoring has not been established. Furthermore, the incidence of other arrhythmias such as sinus pause (SP) remains unknown.
Role of chemokine-like factor 1 as an inflammatory marker in diseases

Immunoinflammatory mechanisms have been incrementally found to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, with chemokines being the main drivers of immune cell infiltration in the inflammatory response. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1), a novel chemokine, is highly expressed in the human peripheral blood leukocytes and exerts broad-spectrum chemotactic and pro-proliferative effects by activating multiple downstream signaling pathways upon binding to its functional receptors. Furthermore, the relationship between CKLF1 overexpression and various systemic diseases has been demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In this context, it is promising that clarifying the downstream mechanism of CKLF1 and identifying its upstream regulatory sites can yield new strategies for targeted therapeutics of immunoinflammatory diseases.
Processes in Collapsing Interstellar Clouds

The study of dense interstellar clouds that collapse gravitationally to form stars is still an embryonic field of astrophysics, but one that seems likely to play an increasingly important role in improving our understanding of many of the prop­ erties of stars and stellar systems. As our understanding of various astronomical objects and systems has increased, it has become more and more apparent that some of their most fundamental properties can be explained only through an understanding of the way in which they were formed. For example, the masses of the stars and the frequent occurrence of binary and multiple systems clearly depend on the details of the star formation process. In addition, the structure and evolution of star clusters and galaxies depend to a large extent on the details of the collapse and star-formation processes by which they were formed. Even such phenomena as spiral structure and nuclear activity in galaxies probably cannot be completely understood without reference to collapse and star-forma­ tion processes, since for both types of phenomena most of the observed energy output probably comes from very young objects which have recently been formed by the collapse of dense gas clouds. Recent years have seen substantial progress in the development of theoretical models for collapsing clouds, and at the same time the study of collapsing clouds and protostars has become a subject of active observational interest. Infrared and microwave techniques have provided new tools for studying the physical conditions inside the dense dark clouds in which star formation is thought to be going on, and have led to the discovery of a number of infrared and molecular line sources which appear to be associated with collapsing clouds or protostars. While the theoretical models are of necessity still quite idealized, the resemblance between them and some of the observed objects thought to be collapsing clouds or protostars is sufficient to encourage a belief that at least some of the basic qualitative characteristics of collapsing clouds can be understood on the basis of present theoretical concepts and models. In the present article we attempt to provide a brief summ ary of our current understanding of the processes occurring in collapsing interstellar clouds, but not to give an exhaustive or completely
An improved Schulz-type iterative method for matrix inversion with application

In this paper, we present an algorithm which could be considered an improvement to the well-known Schulz iteration for finding the inverse of a square matrix iteratively. The convergence of the proposed method is proved and its computational complexity is analysed. The extension of the scheme to generalized outer inverses will be treated. In order to validate the new scheme, we apply it to large sparse matrices alongside the application to preconditioning of practical problems.
Effect of Glutamine on the Growth Performance, Oxidative Stress, and Nrf2/p38 MAPK Expression in the Livers of Heat-Stressed Broilers

Simple Summary Dietary glutamine (Gln) supplementation can significantly alleviate the negative effects on product performance and antioxidant capacity in chickens exposed to hot environments. However, the antioxidant effect of Gln on the liver in heat-stressed broilers and its mechanism of action are rarely reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glutamine on the growth performance, oxidative stress, and Nrf2/p38 MAPK single pathway in the livers of broilers exposed to high temperature conditions. Results showed that high temperature conditions decreased growth performance and induced oxidative stress in broiler livers. Dietary Gln improved the growth performance, antioxidant enzyme, Nrf2, and p38 MAPK expression in the livers of heat-stressed broilers. In conclusion, this study suggested that Gln can improve the liver’s response to oxidative stress by increasing the Nrf2/p38 MAPK expression. Gln can be used as a feed additive for broiler production in high-temperature environments such as during the summer season. Abstract The purpose of this work was to study the effects of glutamine (Gln) on the growth performance, oxidative stress, Nrf2, and p38 MAPK pathway in the livers of heat-stressed broilers. In total, 300 broilers were divided into five groups, including a normal temperature (NT, without dietary Gln) group and four cyclic high temperature groups (HT, GHT1, GHT2, and GHT3) fed with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% Gln, respectively. High temperature conditions increased (p < 0.05) liver malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration, but decreased (p < 0.05), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) levels in broilers. Nrf2 and p38 MAPK protein and mRNA expression levels were lower (p < 0.05) in the NT group than that in the HT group. However, dietary 1.5% Gln decreased (p < 0.05) liver MDA concentration, but increased (p < 0.05) BWG, FI, liver SOD, T-AOC, GSH-Px, GST, and GSH levels in heat-stressed broilers. Nrf2 and p38 MAPK protein and mRNA expression levels were higher (p < 0.05) in the GHT3 group than that in the HT group. In summary, Gln improved oxidative damage through the activation of Nrf2 and p38 MAPK expression in the livers of heat-stressed broilers.
Fast and Accurate Hausdorff Distance Calculation between Meshes

Complex models generated e.g. with a laser range scanner often consist of several thousand or million triangles. For efficient rendering this high number of primitives has to be reduced. An important property of mesh reduction – or simplification – algorithms used for rendering is the control over the introduced geometric error. In general, the better this control is, the slower the simplification algorithm becomes. This is especially a problem for out-of-core simplification, since the processing time quickly reaches several hours for high-quality simplification. In this paper we present a new efficient algorithm to measure the Hausdorff distance between two meshes by sampling the meshes only in regions of high distance. In addition to comparing two arbitrary meshes, this algorithm can also be applied to check the Hausdorff error between the simplified and original meshes during simplification. By using this information to accept or reject a simplification operation, this method allows fast simplification while guaranteeing a user-specified geometric error.
Static output feedback controllers: stability and convexity

The main objective of this paper is to solve the following stabilizing output feedback control problem: given matrices (A; B/sub 2/; C/sub 2/) with appropriate dimensions, find (if one exists) a static output feedback gain L such that the closed-loop matrix A-B/sub 2/LC/sub 2/ is asymptotically stable. It is known that the existence of L is equivalent to the existence of a positive definite matrix belonging to a convex set such that its inverse belongs to another convex set. Conditions are provided for the convergence of an algorithm which decomposes the determination of the aforementioned matrix in a sequence of convex programs. Hence, this paper provides a new sufficient (but not necessary) condition for the solvability of the above stabilizing output feedback control problem. As a natural extension, we also discuss a simple procedure for the determination of a stabilizing output feedback gain assuring good suboptimal performance with respect to a given quadratic index. Some examples borrowed from the literature are solved to illustrate the theoretical results.
EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN CARDIOVASCULAR FLUID MECHANICS

▪ AbstractThe characterization of blood flow is important for understanding the function of the cardiovascular system under normal and diseased conditions, designing cardiovascular devices, and diagnosing and treating congenital and acquired cardiovascular disease. Experimental methods, especially magnetic resonance imaging techniques can be used to noninvasively quantify blood flow for diagnosing cardiovascular disease, researching disease mechanisms, and validating assumptions and predictions of mathematical models. Computational methods can be used to simulate blood flow and vessel dynamics, test hypotheses of disease formation under controlled conditions, and evaluate devices that have not yet been built and treatments that have not yet been implemented. In this article we review experimental and computational methods for quantifying blood flow velocity and pressure fields in human arteries. We place particular emphasis on providing an introduction to the physics and applications of magnetic resonance.
Publishers, funders and institutions: who is supporting UKRI-funded
 researchers to share data?

Researchers are increasingly being asked by funders, publishers and their institutions to share research data alongside written publications, and to include data availability statements to support their readers in finding this data. In the UK, UKRI (UK Research and Innovation) is one of the largest funding bodies and has had data-sharing policies for several years. This article investigates the reasons why a researcher may or may not share their data and assesses whether funders, publishers and institutions are supporting data-sharing behaviour through their policies and actions. A survey with 166 responses gave an indicative assessment of researcher opinions around data sharing, and a corpus of 3,277 journal articles retrieved from four UK institutions was analysed using multivariate logistic regression models to provide empirical evidence as to researcher behaviour around data sharing. The regression models provide insight into how this is affected by the funder, institution and publisher of the research. This study identifies that those publishers and funders who give clear guidance in their policies as to which data should be shared, and where this data should be shared, are most likely to encourage good practice in researchers.
A geometric, dynamical approach to thermodynamics

We present a geometric and dynamical approach to the micro-canonical ensemble of classical Hamiltonian systems. We generalize the arguments in Rugh (1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 772-4) and show that the energy-derivative of a micro-canonical average is itself micro-canonically observable. In particular, temperature, specific heat and higher-order derivatives of the entropy can be observed dynamically. We give perturbative, asymptotic formulae by which the canonical ensemble itself can be reconstructed from micro-canonical measurements only. Using our geometrical tools we rederive formulae by Lebowitz et al and Pearson et al, relating, for example, specific heat to fluctuations in the kinetic energy. We show that under natural assumptions on the fluctuations in the kinetic energy the micro-canonical temperature is asymptotically equivalent to the standard canonical definition using the kinetic energy.
Wildebeest-Derived Malignant Catarrhal Fever: A Bovine Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma Caused by Cross-Species Transmission of Alcelaphine Gammaherpesvirus 1

Gammaherpesviruses (γHVs) include viruses that can induce lymphoproliferative diseases and tumors. These viruses can persist in the long term in the absence of any pathological manifestation in their natural host. Alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) belongs to the genus Macavirus and asymptomatically infects its natural host, the wildebeest (Connochaetes spp.). However, when transmitted to several susceptible species belonging to the order Artiodactyla, AlHV-1 is responsible for the induction of a lethal lymphoproliferative disease, named wildebeest-derived malignant catarrhal fever (WD-MCF). Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the induction of WD-MCF is important to better control the risks of transmission and disease development in susceptible species. The aim of this review is to synthesize the current knowledge on WD-MCF with a particular focus on the mechanisms by which AlHV-1 induces the disease. We discuss the potential mechanisms of pathogenesis from viral entry into the host to the maintenance of viral genomes in infected CD8+ T lymphocytes, and we present current hypotheses to explain how AlHV-1 infection induces a peripheral T cell lymphoma-like disease.
Ferromagnetism in Cr substituted SrMoO3 system

Systematic studies of structural, magnetic, electric transport, and specific heat properties have been performed on lightly Cr-doped molybdates SrMo1−xCrxO3 (0⩽x⩽0.10). Based on the analysis of structural parameter variations, the valence state of the doped Cr ions in SrMo1−xCrxO3 system is suggested to be +2. Cr substitution as low as x=0.025 is sufficient to drive SrMo1−xCrxO3 system from the Pauli-paramagnetic state to a ferromagnetic state. The Curie temperature TC increases monotonically with increasing Cr-doping content. All samples exhibit metalliclike transport behavior in the whole studied temperature range except for the x=0.10 sample. The magnitude of the resistivity increases monotonically with increasing Cr-doping level. The evolution of the magnetic and resistive properties with Cr-doping content x may be related to the narrowed d-band width due to Cr substitution. In addition, the temperature dependence of specific heat for all samples has also been studied.
Ayurvedic management of ulcerative colitis: A case report

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition in which patients show altered bowel habit such as diarrhoea, constipation, rectal bleeding, tenesmus, passage of mucous and crampy abdominal pain etc. These symptoms may be relapsing and remitting episodes of inflammation limited to the muscles layer of colon. In Ayurveda Pittaja Grahani shows symptoms having resemblance with Ulcerative colitis. Ayurveda described various treatment modalities for the management of Ulcerative colitis such as Matra Basti, Ksheer Basti, Samshaman yogas, proper nutritional supplements, herbal therapy, Yoga and meditation etc. In present study, A diagnosed case of ulcerative colitis, age 14yrs male from khushinagar Gorakhpur, came to OPD of Kayachikitsa, Guru Gorakshnath Institute of medical science, Gorakhpur. He complained bleeding per rectum, Stools with blood during defecation. Associated with fresh bleeding after defecation, since 8 months, weight loss 6-7 kgs in 6 months. He was given Matra Basti and ksheera Basti along with some drugs and his complaints not only relieved delayed remission as well. The goals of the treatment are to improve quality of life, minimize the risk of colon cancer and achieve steroids free remission of the disease ulcerative colitis.
Israeli and the Palestinian present: A temporary arrangement in the West Bank for ethnonational ongoing conflict

Abstract This study argues that a political reality of a temporary arrangement has been solidified in Judea and Samaria since 2005, right after Abu Mazen was elected to be the President. It based on integrative approach suggests here for the first time and falls between the political peace process and the armed struggle approaches as a possible solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This is a result of social-political change within the Palestinian society: the Palestinian Authority has been concerned about maintaining its civil achievements since 2007, based on Fayyad’s program of building Palestinian statehood from the “bottom up. ”Israel has used to deepen its security and settlement hold on the ground.This situation guarantees continuation of Israeli political and security dominance in this region; one de facto political entity is being settled between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, where two distinctly different communities are living side by side.
Qualitative Clustering of Software Repositories Based on Software Metrics

Software repositories contain a wealth of information about the aspects related to software development process. For this reason, many studies analyze software repositories using methods of data analytics with a focus on clustering. Software repository clustering has been applied in studying software ecosystems such as GitHub, defect and technical debt prediction, software remodularization. Although some interesting insights have been reported, the considered studies exhibited some limitations. The limitations are associated with the use of individual clustering methods and manifesting in the shortcomings of the obtained results. In this study, to alleviate the existing limitations we engage multiple cluster validity indices applied to multiple clustering methods and carry out consensus clustering. To our knowledge, this study is the first to apply the consensus clustering approach to analyze software repositories and one of the few to apply the consensus clustering to software metrics. Intensive experimental studies are reported for software repository metrics data consisting of a number of software repositories each described by software metrics. We revealed seven clusters of software repositories and relate them to developers’ activity. It is advocated that the proposed clustering environment could be useful for facilitating the decision making process for business investors and open-source community with the help of the Gartner’s hype cycle.