Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The motion of a small sphere in a rotating velocity field: A possible mechanism for suspending particles in turbulence

The diffusion and transport of particles suspended in turbulent flows depend on the interaction between the particles and the turbulence. To investigate a possible particle-turbulence interaction, we observed particle trajectories in a rotating fluid with a solid body velocity profile, as might occur in the core of a vortex or an eddy. The experiments were conducted with a series of single small spheres (with low particle Reynolds numbers) sinking or rising in a horizontal cylinder rotating about its central axis at a constant speed. Each sphere was found to follow a nearly circular orbit in a vertical plane perpendicular to the cylinder axis. The orbit center lay very near the horizontal plane through the axis of the cylinder and was at the point in the fluid where the velocity of the fluid was equal and opposite to the terminal velocity of the particle. The particle trajectories also evolved slowly, spiraling either inward or outward. A theoretical description of the particle motion shows that the two principal forces on the particle, fluid drag and gravity-buoyancy, account for the circular motion. A force due to particle inertia (a centrifugal force from the center of its orbit), a small position-dependent wall effect on drag, a very small force (also affected by the walls), and a very small centrifugal buoyancy force account for the long-term inward or outward spirals. This kind of systematic interaction in which particles seek and remain in fluid closely opposing their own motion could have a role in the suspension of small particles in some turbulent flows.
Elite-initial population for efficient topology optimization using multi- objective genetic algorithms

The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of multi-objective topology optimization using a genetic algorithm (GA) with bar-system representation. We proposed a new GA using an elite initial population obtained from a Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) using a weighted sum method. SIMP with a weighted sum method is one of the most established methods using sensitivity analysis. Although the implementation of the SIMP method is straightforward and computationally effective, it may be difficult to find a complete Pareto-optimal set in a multi-objective optimization problem. In this study, to build a more convergent and diverse global Pareto-optimal set and reduce the GA computational cost, some individuals, with similar topology to the local optimum solution obtained from the SIMP using the weighted sum method, were introduced for the initial population of the GA. The proposed method was applied to a structural topology optimization example and the results of the proposed method were compared with those of the traditional method using standard random initialization for the initial population of the GA.
Fractional dynamics of allometry

Allometry relations (ARs) in physiology are nearly two hundred years old. In general if Xij is a measure of the size of the ith member of a complex host network from species j and Yij is a property of a complex subnetwork embedded within the host network an intraspecies AR exists between the two when Yij = aXijb. We emphasize that the reductionist models of AR interpret Xij and Yij as dynamic variables, albeit the ARs themselves are explicitly time independent. On the other hand, the phenomenological models of AR are based on the statistical analysis of data and interpret 〈Xi〉 and 〈Yi〉 as averages over an ensemble of individuals to yields the interspecies AR 〈Yi〉 = a〈Xi〉b. Modern explanations of AR begin with the application of fractal geometry and fractal statistics to scaling phenomena. The detailed application of fractal geometry to the explanation of intraspecies ARs is a little over a decade old and although well received it has not been universally accepted. An alternate perspective is given by the interspecies AR based on linear regression analysis of fluctuating data sets. We emphasize that the intraspecies and interspecies ARs are not the same and show that the interspecies AR can only be derived from the intraspecies one for a narrow distribution of fluctuations. This condition is not satisfied by metabolic data as is shown separately for aviary and mammal data sets. The empirical distribution of metabolic allometry coefficients is shown herein to be Pareto in form. A number of reductionist arguments conclude that the allometry exponent is universal, however herein we derive a deterministic relation between the allometry exponent and the allometry coefficient using the fractional calculus. The co-variation relation violates the universality assumption. We conclude that the interspecies physiologic AR is entailed by the scaling behavior of the probability density, which is derived using the fractional probability calculus.
Compound-Fault Diagnosis of Bearing Based on Order Tracking Wavelet Packet and Rough Sets

The diagnosis of compound-fault is always a difficult point, and there is not an effective method in equipment diagnosis field, then a new method of compound-fault diagnosis was presented. The vibration signals at start-up in the gearbox are non-stationary signals, and traditional ways of diagnosis have low precision. Order tracking and wavelet packet and rough sets theory are introduced in the compound-fault diagnosis of bearing. First, the vibration signals at start-up were resampled using computer order tracking arithmetic and equal angle distributed vibration signals were obtained, and wavelet packet has been used for equal angle distributed vibration signals decomposition and reconstruction. Then, energy distribution of every frequency band can be calculated according to normalization process. A new feature vector can be obtained, then clear and concise decision rules can be obtained by rough sets theory. Finally, the result of compound-fault example proves that the proposed method has high validity and more amplitude appliance foreground.
Validating a texture metric for camera phone images using a texture-based softcopy attribute ruler

Imaging systems in camera phones have image quality limitations attributed to optics, size, and cost constraints. These limitations generally result in unwanted system noise. In order to minimize the image quality degradation, nonlinear noise cleaning algorithms are often applied to the images. However, as the strength of the noise cleaning increases, this often leads to texture degradation. The Camera Phone Image Quality (CPIQ) initiative of the International Imaging Industry Association (I3A) has been developing metrics to quantify texture appearance in camera phone images. Initial research established high correlation levels between the metrics and psychophysical data from sets of images that had noise cleaning filtering applied to simulate capture in actual camera phone systems. This paper describes the subsequent work to develop a texture-based softcopy attribute ruler in order to assess the texture appearance of eight camera phone units from four different manufacturers and to assess the efficacy of the texture metrics. Multiple companies participating in the initiative have been using the softcopy ruler approach in order to pool observers and increase statistical significance. Results and conclusions based on three captured scenes and two texture metrics will be presented.
Equations elliptiques semilineaires avec potentiel singulier

We consider simple semilinear elliptic equations of the form Lu = F(x,u), where L is the usual Laplacian with Dirichlet condition on a bounded smooth domain of R^n and where F can be singular in the variable x. We obtain in particular a sharp criterion for existence of solutions, which leads to a new critical exponent in applications.
Two-mode SU(2) and SU(1,1) Schrödinger cat states

Abstract We study the non-classical properties of Schrodinger cat states given as superpositions of two-mode SU(1, 1) and SU(2) coherent states. The SU(1, 1) and SU(2) coherent states themselves have strong non-classical properties and we find that these properties are enhanced at least for some superpositions. We propose a method of generating such states in the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics.
Ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic order

The interaction of subpicosecond laser pulses with magnetically ordered materials has developed into a fascinating research topic in modern magnetism. From the discovery of subpicosecond demagnetization over a decade ago to the recent demonstration of magnetization reversal by a single 40 fs laser pulse, the manipulation of magnetic order by ultrashort laser pulses has become a fundamentally challenging topic with a potentially high impact for future spintronics, data storage and manipulation, and quantum computation. Understanding the underlying mechanisms implies understanding the interaction of photons with charges, spins, and lattice, and the angular momentum transfer between them. This paper will review the progress in this field of laser manipulation of magnetic order in a systematic way. Starting with a historical introduction, the interaction of light with magnetically ordered matter is discussed. By investigating metals, semiconductors, and dielectrics, the roles of nearly free electrons, charge redistributions, and spin-orbit and spin-lattice interactions can partly be separated, and effects due to heating can be distinguished from those that are not. It will be shown that there is a fundamental distinction between processes that involve the actual absorption of photons and those that do not. It turns out that for the latter, the polarization of light plays an essential role in the manipulation of the magnetic moments at the femtosecond time scale. Thus, circularly and linearly polarized pulses are shown to act as strong transient magnetic field pulses originating from the nonabsorptive inverse Faraday and inverse Cotton-Mouton effects, respectively. The recent progress in the understanding of magneto-optical effects on the femtosecond time scale together with the mentioned inverse, optomagnetic effects promises a bright future for this field of ultrafast optical manipulation of magnetic order or femtomagnetism.
Data transformation, Type I error rate and power

Research has shown that when an appropriate data transformation is known a priori, then it can lead to a substantial increase in power of analysis of variance while maintaining an appropriate Type I error rate. It was unknown, however, whether data transformation selected on sample characteristics would yield accurate Type I error rates and increased power. The present Monte Carlo study demonstrates that correct data transformation values could be selected on samples as small as four per group, that legitimate approaches do not inflate the nominal significance levels and that power could be increased by sample-based transformations.
The existence of an ultrarelativistic plasma betond the Alfven cylinder of a pulsar

Previous studies of the steady-state magnetohydrodynamic models of pulsar magnetospheres have indicated that at the Alfvenic critical surface of the flow in such magnetospheres there exists a shock discontinuity. In this paper, the relativistic theory of magnetohydrodynamic shocks is employed to determine the state of the plasma across this discontinuity. It is found that an appreciable fraction of the magnetic energy of the plasma which crosses the shock is thermalized, and that to within a first-order approximation, the mean particle energy in the shocked plasma is given by E'approx. =3.7 x 10/sup 161/X/subv//suby/'B/sub 6//sup 2/n/sub 6//sup -1/eV, where . gamma. ' is the Lorentz factor based on the flow velocity of the plasma beyond the Alfven cylinder, v which depends on the thickness of the shock is a factor of the order of unity, and B/sub 6/ and n/sub 6/ are the poloidal magnetic field and the particle number density behind the Alfven cylinder in units of 10/sup 6/ gauss and 10/sup 6/ cm/sup -3/, respectively. For the estimated values of the parameters at the Alfven cylinder: which in the limiting case of a massless magnetosphere is coincident with the light cylinder: this result agrees both with the brightness temperature of themore » radio emission from most pulsars and with the upper limit so far established by observations of the cosmic ray energies in the Crab nebula. (AIP)« less
Microwave-absorption properties of ZnO-coated iron nanocapsules

[Liu, X. G. ] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. ;Liu, XG (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China;liuxg@imr.ac. cn
Raman spectroscopy in oleoylsarcosine-coated magnetic fluids: A surface grafting investigation

Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate magnetite nanoparticles pre-coated with oleoylsarcosine and dispersed as stable water-based (WE) and hydrocarbon-based (HE) magnetic fluids (MF's). The Raman spectra obtained from the MF samples and from liquid water were compared and the data discussed in terms of the suppression of the symmetrical hydroxyl (OH) vibrational modes. The effective grafting coefficient of the oleoylsarcosine in the WB-MF, with respect to the HB-MF, was estimated through the OH-stretching Raman modes of the OH-group chemisorbed at the nanoparticle surface. It was found that the OH-grafting coefficient in the HB-MF sample is about 3 times lower than the grafting coefficient in the WB-MF sample.
Creep behavior in TiPdNi high temperature shape memory alloy

The focus of the current effort is to characterize the viscoplastic behavior in high temperature shape memory alloys and understand the impact of creep on their actuation characteristics. For this a Ti50Pd40Ni10 alloy was cast and hot rolled. Standard creep tests and isobaric thermal cycling tests were conducted on a custom test setup. The results from the thermomechanical tests indicate large irrecoverable strains due to creep. Varying thermally induced transformation cycling rates did not impact the transformation behavior in the SMA. From these observations, it can be suggested that the rate of thermal cycling can alter the impact of viscoplasticity on the actuators performance. However the creep behavior itself is decoupled from the transformation and does not impact the transformation or the rate independent irrecoverable strain generated.
A novel survivable traffic grooming algorithm in WDM mesh networks

In this paper, we focus on the survivable traffic grooming problem under SRLG (Shared Risk Link Groups) constraints in WDM mesh networks. Our objective is to minimize the total network resource for a given traffic demands metric. An efficient simplified ILP (Integer Linear Programming) mathematical formulation is presented. Considering the computational complexity of ILP, a fast heuristic algorithm named Cross Layer Information Routing & Multi-Layer Traffic Grooming (CLIR-MLTG) is proposed and evaluated. We compare our simplified ILP model with the regular ILP model, and the CLIR-MLTG algorithm is also compared both with our simplified model and a heuristic algorithm named SSR in the literature [1]. Finally, we demonstrate in numerical results that our simplified ILP model obtains optimal performance and costs much less time compared to the regular ILP model, and the CLIR-MLTG algorithm outperforms the SSR scheme and it obtains similar performance compared to the ILP model.
Inverse-Compton gamma-ray emission from chaotic, early-type stellar winds and its detectability by Gamma Ray Observatory

An estimate of the possible γ-ray luminosity from winds around hot stars is given and it is shown that the predicted photon flux below 1 MeV from nearby stars can be greater than the detection threshold of the Oriented Scintillation Spectrometer Experiment on the Gamma Ray Observatory. Charged particles are first-order Fermi accelerated to relativistic energies by strong isothermal shocks generated by radiatively driven instabilities in the winds. Low-energy γ-rays of luminosity ∼10 33 ergs/s are emitted by the relativistic electrons via inverse Compton scattering of the stellar UV photons and are predicted to be well correlated with the hard X-ray component observed by the Solid State Spectrometer of the Einstein Observatory from some nearby hot stars
Stability of the Ce2O3 phases : A DFT+U investigation

We report a first-principles investigation of the energetics and structure properties of $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50}$ in the hexagonal $({\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$, cubic (bixbyite), and monoclinic structures. Our calculations are based on density functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), $\mathrm{LDA}+U$, and $\mathrm{GGA}+U$ functionals. The hexagonal (cubic) structure is $53\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}∕\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50}$ $(57\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}∕\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50})$ lower in energy than the cubic (hexagonal) structure using $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ $(\mathrm{GGA}+U)$, which is consistent (in disagreement) with experimental observations. Thus, these results might indicate a superior description of cerium oxides by the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ functional. We found that ${V}_{0}^{\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50},\text{hexagonal}}\ensuremath{\approx}{V}_{0}^{\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2},\text{fluorite}}$, while ${V}_{0}^{\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50},\text{cubic}}$ is 4%--9% larger than ${V}_{0}^{\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2},\text{fluorite}}$, where ${V}_{0}$ is the equilibrium volume per f.u. Therefore, only the results for $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50}$ in the cubic structure can explain the volume expansion of $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ upon reduction conditions, which supports experimental observations of a cubiclike structure for partially reduced $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. The volume expansion is due to the change in the oxidation state of the Ce atoms from ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{IV+}$ in $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ to ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{III+}$ in $\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{1.50}$ without changes in the lattice structure.
Multiplicative noise variance evaluation in mm-band radar images using myriad estimation

In many cases it is required to evaluate the multiplicative noise relative variance in radar images, in particular, those formed by mm-band side looking aperture radars (SLARs). It is evident that. the more information about noise properties one has, the more effective the algorithms which can be designed for noise reduction in images. This evaluation, for example, is needed before image filtering by local statistical Lee or sigma filters or edge detection. These algorithms need for their normal operation the value of relative variance /spl sigma//sub /spl mu///sup 2/, which is not always known, and therefore, should be estimated. It is often desirable to perform this operation automatically. It is of great importance to derive an appropriate model describing the real-life situation for a certain application.
Periodic, finite‐amplitude, axisymmetric gravity waves

A study is made of finite-amplitude axisymmetric gravity waves in a circular basin of uniform depth. Periodic, free, first-mode oscillations of a nonviscous incompressible liquid are considered. Through the use of Dini expansions, the exact nonlinear governing equations are solved by an iterative procedure which has been carried through the third approximation. The effects of finite amplitude on the surface profile and on the frequency of oscillation are investigated, and the amplitude and angle at the crest of a maximum wave are studied. It is noted that at certain ‘critical’ depth-radius ratios the first-mode oscillation may be coupled with a higher-mode motion at an integral multiple of the basic frequency.
Relationship between edge drift and atomic migration during electromigration of eutectic SnPb lines

The existence of an incubation stage before edge drift occurs was found by examining the electromigration characteristics of eutectic SnPb solder in an edge drift structure using in situ scanning electron microscopy and the interruptive test method. During this incubation stage, the depletion of Pb was observed at the cathode end. From the change in resistance, the activation energies for the incubation and edge movement stages were calculated to be 0.88 and 1.02eV, respectively. Based on a comparison of the activation energies for each stage with the previously reported values, it is believed that, during the incubation stage, Pb migrated before Sn and that the edge movement resulted from the migration of Sn. These results suggest that Pb depletion is a prerequisite for electromigration-induced void nucleation in eutectic SnPb solder.
A Survey of Some Topics Related to Differential Operators

This paper is the result of investigations suggested by recent publications and completes the work of Huet, 2010. The topics, which are dealt with, concern some spaces of functions and properties of solutions of linear and nonlinear, stationary and evolution differential equations, namely, existence, spectral properties, resonances, singular perturbations, boundary layers, and inertial manifolds. They are presented in the alphabetical order. The aim of this document and of Huet, 2010, is to be a useful reference for (young) researchers in mathematics and applied sciences.
Closed-loop time-domain model validation in the nu-gap metric

We consider experimental (in)validation of a nominal discrete-time model by determining if observed input/output data is consistent with a system within a given /spl nu/-gap distance from the model (in light of given constraints on possible input and output noise). The general problem has been shown to be NP-hard; however we present linear matrix inequality (LMI) sufficient conditions for model consistency along with LMI necessary and sufficient conditions for invalidation with respect to a special class of input/output noise. A logical extension which considers time-varying perturbations of the nominal model is presented in parallel with the time-invariant /spl nu/-gap results.
A Parallel between Degree of Encodedness and the Ear Advantage: Evidence from an Ear‐Monitoring Task

Some phoneme categories undergo more acoustic variation in different environments than do others. The phonemes that undergo the most context‐conditioned variation are said to be highly encoded. There appears to be an encodedness continuum, extending from the highly encoded stop consonants through the liquids and other sounds, and finally to the least encoded vowels. Stop‐liquid‐vowel nonsense syllables such as GLAE were used in a dichotic ear monitoring task. There were two possible phonemes in each class: /g/ and /k/ for stops, /l/ and /r/ for liquids, and /ae/ and /e/ for vowels. Subjects reported only the syllable presented to a given ear for each block of dichotic trials. Primary analyses were performed on phoneme contrast trials, e.g., GLAE/KLAE for stops, GLAE/GRAE for liquids, and GLAE/GLEH for vowels. Data were scored in terms of percent‐correct phoneme identifications for each ear. There was a large right‐ear advantage for stops, a smaller right‐ear advantage for liquids, and no ear advantage for .
Restoration of elastic and velocity parameters in diffraction tomography

Numerical simulation of the solution of the (2-D, SV) inverse problem on restoration of elastic parameters (/spl lambda/,/spl mu/) and mass density (/spl rho/) of local (/spl sim//spl lambda//sub p/) inhomogeneity by the diffraction tomography method based upon the first-order Born approximation is considered. The direct problem is solved by the finite difference method. For restoration of parameters of local inhomogeneities the algebraic methods and optimizing procedures are used. In the assumption of the linear relation between desired parameters an accuracy of their restoration is estimated by the numerical simulation.