Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online Behavioral Addictions Among Adolescents Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background The COVID-19 pandemic changed people's lives and created a "new normal. " It threatened individuals' mental health owing to reduced physical activity and social interaction, excessive indoor time, financial hardship, and insecurity. Moreover, the risk of online behavioral addiction increased in the general population, particularly among adolescents. The present study examined the differences between the pre-and post-pandemic periods regarding online behavioral addictions in adolescents. Methods The pre-pandemic data were obtained from 175 adolescents (August 2019 to February 2020) (T1). An online survey was sent to these participants to obtain the post-pandemic data (March to September 2022) (T2). Seventy participants completed the online survey (response rate: 40%). The participants completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale 9-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and the Social Media Disorder Scale-Short Form (SMDS-SF) both before and after the pandemic. Results Before the pandemic, females had significantly higher SMDS-SF scores compared to males (p = 0.005). On the other hand, males had higher IGDS9-SF scores than females before the pandemic (p<.001). Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had higher IGDS9-SF scores before the pandemic than those with depressive disorders or other diagnoses (p = 0.004). However, the primary diagnosis was not related to pre-pandemic SAS and SMDS-SF scores. Lastly, there was no significant difference in IGDS9-SF (p = 0.151), SMDS-SF (p = 0.200), or SAS scores (p = 0.413) between pre-pandemic and post-pandemic scores. Conclusion Although the current study did not support this view, in emotionally challenging times, people may spend more time on online activities, which can lead to behavioral addiction. It is important for parents to monitor their children's online activities and provide guidance. More research is needed to compare online behavioral addictions before and after the pandemic.
Calibrated Edgeworth expansions of finite population L-statistics

ABSTRACT A short Edgeworth expansion is approximated for the distribution function of a Studentized linear combination of order statistics computed on a random sample drawn without replacement from a finite population, and using auxiliary data available for the population units. Simulations show an improvement over the usual Gaussian approximation and previous empirical Edgeworth expansions. Naive synthetic estimates of the distribution function, based on the auxiliary data only, yield accurate results when the auxiliary variable is well correlated with the study variable.
Effect of Frenkel pairs on the tensile and shock compression strength of multi-elemental alloys

In this article, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the effect of irradiation damage on the tensile and shock compression behaviour of multi-elemental alloys (medium and high entropy alloys). These simulations were divided into three broad stages; in the first section, a displacement cascade was generated in the simulation box using primary knock-on atoms (PKA) with kinetic energy in the range of 0.25 to 2 keV. In the second stage, the same defected crystal was subjected to tensile loading to study the deformation mechanism of multi-elemental alloys containing these irradiation-induced defects. In the last stage, tensile loading was replaced by ultrashort shock pulse loading. Irradiation damage significantly alters the tensile strength of Fe–Ni–Co–Cr–Cu and Fe–Ni–Cr alloys. The primary deformation governing mechanism is the spatial distribution of stacking faults and partial dislocations during deformation. Lattice distortion reduces the tensile strength of multi-elemental alloys compared to A-atom configurations. In shock loading, the shock resistance capability of irradiated Fe–Ni–Co–Cr–Cu was better than Fe–Ni–Cr alloy. Lattice distortion in random multi-elemental alloys helps in mitigating the shock propagation.
Editorial: Substance abuse and early development

While misuse of psychoactive substances can be traced back to pre-historic times, their effects on invisible target—such as the developing fetus—only gained recognition within the last century [1–4]. Initial seminal findings in humans and laboratory rodents quickly grew from isolated observations to well-planned, multidisciplinary studies. Despite the involvement of numerous methodologies, large teams of researchers, and widely different experimental organisms, there has been an unusual consensus on the meaning of findings: principally that prenatal exposure to drugs of misuse has deleterious consequences for the developing fetus.
Generating Effective Initiation Sets for Subgoal-Driven options

Options framework is one of the prominent models serving as a basis to improve learning speed by means of temporal abstractions. An option is mainly composed of three elements: initiation set, option’s local policy and termination condition. Although various attempts exist that focus on how to derive high-quality termination conditions for a given problem, the impact of initiation set generation is relatively unexplored. In this work, we propose an effective goal-oriented heuristic method to derive useful initiation set elements via an analysis of the recent history of events. Effectiveness of the method is experimented on various benchmark problems, and the results are discussed.
Associations between Medical Disorders and Racing Outcomes in Poorly Performing Standardbred Trotter Racehorses: A Retrospective Study

Simple Summary Many subclinical medical disorders are considered as possible causes of decreased performance in racehorses. The present study aims to evaluate the associations between different disorders diagnosed in 248 poorly performing Standardbreds and their racing outcomes in the periods of time around hospitalization and their lifetime careers. In particular, the effects of respiratory, cardiovascular, gastric, and muscular conditions on number of starts, wins, placings, and earnings were investigated. Inflammation of the lower airways was associated with worse racing results in the periods before and after hospitalization and with a shorter and less successful career, confirming its role in performance impairment. Other conditions negatively influencing short-term racing outcomes included dynamic obstructions of the upper airway and gastric ulcers, while the role of exertional rhabdomyolysis was not clear. Finally, exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias did not seem to affect Standardbred trotters’ performance. Abstract Poor performance in racehorses is commonly associated with subclinical diseases. This study aims to evaluate the associations between medical disorders and racing results in Standardbred trotters. The clinical records of 248 poorly performing Standardbreds were retrospectively reviewed, and their racing results were extracted from an online database, concerning the periods 3 months before and 6 months after hospitalization and the entire lifetime. Generalized linear models were used to evaluate the effects of different disorders on racing outcomes. Airway neutrophilia was associated with limiting lifetime starts and wins pre- and post-hospitalization, while mastocytosis was associated with less wins in the post-hospitalization period. Therefore, lower airway inflammation showed both short- and long-term impacts on racing performance. Severe upper airway obstructions and gastric ulcers showed associations with less placings in the post-discharge period but no long-term influence on performance. The significance of exertional rhabdomyolysis was indeterminable, yet interference with the number of starts in the post-discharge period was reported and associated with lower total career earnings. Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiac arrhythmias were not associated with worse racing outcomes: therefore, their role in poor performance remains unclear.
Affordable innovation facilitating renewable energy deployment: Two ‘smart’ energy poverty alleviation case examples

This paper considers one aspect of UN SustainableDevelopment Goal SDG7 - the intention to \textquotesingle leave no-onebehind\textquotesingle{} in the transition to renewable energy. Thetarget beneficiaries have access to affordable electricity restricted insome way. Two examples of affordable innovation based on artificialintelligence-driven microgrid technology serving clients in developingand developed economies are presented. These initiatives provide directeconomic, environmental and social benefits, but also add to the quantumof renewable energy generated in their local areas. A multiplicity ofcommunity, enterprise and government actors cooperate in establishingand operating the particular programs described, and community benefitsextend beyond simple economic outcomes, e.g., building social capitaland trust in the technology. A model characterizing a broader view ofSDG 7 realization dynamics is presented. This includes theidentification of four kinds of learning space and the notion of tippingpoints, which may be topics for further research.
Crecimiento economico en America Latina: Evidencias desde una perspectiva Kaldoriana [Economic growth in Latin America: Evidence from a Kaldorian perspective]

This paper analyzes an alternative theoretical framework in qualifying concrete growth phenomenon in Latin American region, based on the Kaldorian idea of cumulative causation. The latter is developed through two substantial mechanisms: a causal link between demand constraint and production growth, due to exportation dynamics, and a process of interaction between growth of production and growth of productivity, known as the “Kaldor-Verdoorn” law. The kaldorian growth model has been empirically tested for 16 economies over the period 1961 to 2005, with the adoption of the panel data approach. This yields findings quite conclusive insofar as positive correlations and expected values of parameters are corroborating both mechanisms. Moreover, the Granger procedure suggests bidirectional causality between growth of productivity and expansion of output. These results seem to be robust enough to make us believe that the Kaldorian growth model is appropriate in characterizing Latin American growth while cumulative causation appears to play a significant role in the region.
Diet and Glycemic Index in Children with Type 1 Diabetes

In children with type 1 diabetes, a healthy lifestyle is important to control postprandial glycemia and to avoid hyperglycemic peaks that worsen the inflammatory state of vessels and tissues. Glycemic index and glycemic load are two important indexes which assess the quality and quantity of foods consumed during meals. The main macronutrients of the diet have a different effect on postprandial blood glucose levels, so it is important that diabetic children consume foods which determine a slower and steadier glycemic peak. In this review, we present the results of the most recent studies carried out in the pediatric population with T1D, whose aim was to analyze the effects of low-glycemic-index foods on glycemic control. The results are promising and demonstrate that diets promoting low-glycemic-index foods guarantee a greater glycemic stability with a reduction in postprandial hyperglycemic peaks. However, one of the main limitations is represented by the poor adherence of children to a healthy diet. In order to obtain satisfactory results, a possibility might be to ensure a balanced intake of low-, moderate- and high-glycemic-index foods, preferring those with a low glycemic index and limiting the consumption of the high- and moderate-glycemic-index types.
mTOR pathway – a potential therapeutic target in stroke

Stroke is ranked as the second leading cause of death worldwide and a major cause of long-term disability. A potential therapeutic target that could offer favorable outcomes in stroke is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. mTOR is a serine/threonine kinase that composes two protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), and is regulated by other proteins such as the tuberous sclerosis complex. Through a significant number of signaling pathways, the mTOR pathway can modulate the processes of post-ischemic inflammation and autophagy, both of which play an integral part in the pathophysiological cascade of stroke. Promoting or inhibiting such processes under ischemic conditions can lead to apoptosis or instead sustained viability of neurons. The purpose of this review is to examine the pathophysiological role of mTOR in acute ischemic stroke, while highlighting promising neuroprotective agents such as hamartin for therapeutic modulation of this pathway. The therapeutic potential of mTOR is also discussed, with emphasis on implicated molecules and pathway steps that warrant further elucidation in order for their neuroprotective properties to be efficiently tested in future clinical trials.
Insights on the uplift mechanism of the eastern Tibetan Plateau from the flexural isostasy study

It is generally believed that the rapid uplift of the eastern Tibetan Plateau is due to the continuous continental collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. But the uplift mechanisms of the eastern Tibetan Plateau remain uncertain. The analysis of flexural isostasy can provide new insights into those uplifting mechanisms. In this study, the effective elastic thickness ( Te ) and load ratio ( F ) of the lithosphere are estimated around the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The derived Te and F are used to compute flexural isostatic anomalies (FIA) using the theoretical Bouguer admittance method. We find the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is dominated by low Te , high F , and significant negative FIA. Our results suggest that this area has a weak lithosphere with heavy subsurface loadings and crustal mass surpluses. This supports that a middle‐lower crustal channel flow probably underlies this region.
Research on cotton and flax fiber identification based on multi-scale features of the texture and Gaussian process classification

Image-based automatic identification of the cotton and flax fibers is extremely significant for the content quantitatively assaying in the textile industry. In this paper, a fiber identification method based on multi-scale features of the texture and Gaussian Process Classification (GPC) is proposed. Firstly, the images of the fibers are collected by an optical microscope and a set of image preprocessing approaches including image enhancement, local binarization, morphological processing is utilized to extract the fibers from the background. Next, the single fiber images are analyzed by the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and obtain the multiple-scale features of the texture. Then, the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) is applied to describe the spatial distribution features. Subsequently, extract the statistical feature from the GLCM and obtain a 42- dimensional feature vector that contains the fiber texture. Finally, 2610 images are randomly divided into train set and test set, and the recognition expert system based on the GPC is trained and validated accordingly. The test results on the test set showed that the classification precision - recall for cotton and flax fibers reached 96% - 97% and 97% - 95%, respectively. The method proposed in this paper can help workers quickly identify cotton fibers and flax fibers for further work, such as calculating the blending ratio of blended fabrics.
Optical Remote Sensing Image Target Detection Based on Improved Feature Pyramid

At present, many deep-convolution-based remote sensing image target detection methods have been developed and have achieved higher detection accuracy and faster detection rate. However, they do not perform well in the face of datasets with large target scale changes and multiclass and dense small targets. Therefore, solving the problem of scale change of remote sensing images is the focus of our research. An improved feature pyramid model named feature enhancement feature pyramid network (FE-FPN) is presented in this article. The FE-FPN utilizes a channel enhancement module (CEM), unpooling feature fusion (UPFF), and adaptive pooling spatial attention module (APSAM) to reduce information loss during the generation of feature maps and improve its capability to represent feature pyramids. The CEM is designed to expand the receptive field and learn important features adaptively, the UPFF is designed to improve the feature fusion method to avoid feature conflicts, and the APSAM is used to complement high-level feature information. The average precision of our models using ResNet50 is 2.0% higher when the FE-FPN is replaced by the feature pyramid network in Cascade R-CNN. The proposed FE-FPN model is quantitatively compared with several classical characteristic pyramid models, which proves that the performance of the FE-FPN is superior to that of other models.
Traitrements cognitifs mis en jeu dans la perception visuelle de scènes complexes et conséquences sur l'indexation automatique d'images

Chez les sujets humains, la capacite d'identifier une scene visuelle complexe est remarquable. Avec une seule fixation d'une scene, de nombreuse d'informations sont disponibles : son contenu, son identite, sa structure spatiale et la categorisation de cette scene (Potter, 1975; Schyns & Oliva, 1994; Thorpe, Fize, & Marlot, 1996). Plusieurs hypotheses sont developpees : Tout abord, le sens general d'une scene peut etre acquis grâce a l'identification d'un ou plusieurs objets typiques (Friedman, 1979) et leurs relations (De Graef, Christiaens, & d'Ydewalle, 1990). Alternativement a ce point de vue traditionnel considerant que l'identification d'une scene s'effectue par l'identification des objets qu'elle contient, une autre hypothese suppose que l'identification d'une scene peut etre acquise au moyen d'informations globales ayant des proprietes de "scene-niveau" donc sans savoir besoins d'informations portant sur les objets (Greene & Oliva, 2006; Schyns & Oliva, 1994; Oliva & Schyns, 2000). Ces proprietes de "scene-niveau" se caracteriseraient par des grandes surfaces structurales ou d'autres types d'informations similaires (Biederman, 1995). En outre, l'etude des mouvements oculaires montrent que les fixations precoces sont influencees par la densite de contours, le contraste local (Mannan, Ruddock, & Wooding, 1996, 1997; Reinagel & Zador, 1999) ainsi que la structure de la scene (Sanocki & Epstein, 1997; Castelhano & Henderson, 2003; Oliva & Torralba. , 2003). Nous supposons donc que ces deux types d'informations fusionneraient en une representation des differentes zones de luminance ne contenant pas d'informations precises sur les objets. Le but de cette these est d'etudier le role de la structuration spatiale des differentes zones de luminance dans l'identification rapide de scenes complexes. Les resultats suggerent que les participants sont capables d'identifier une scene visuelle en se basant sur cette propriete.
Targeted Therapy for EWS-FLI1 in Ewing Sarcoma

Simple Summary Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a highly aggressive and metastatic cancer in children and adolescents. Canonical therapy mainly comprises the combination of intensive chemotherapy, radiation, and local surgery, which give rise to acute and chronic adverse effects. Drugs targeting EwS without side effects are in urgent demand. Genetically, EwS is characterized by chromosomal translocations with a low mutation burden. As a result, the chimeric protein EWS-ETS, mainly EWS-FLI1(85%), is critical for the malignancy of EwS. EWS-FLI1 directly binds to GGAA microsatellites in enhancers and promotors of the target genes and recruits multiple transcription factors or epigenetic regulators to reprogramme the epigenome. Direct targeting EWS-FLI1 is difficult due to the disordered structure, we mainly review the current knowledge of EWS-FLI1 property, the EWS-FLI1 protein complex, and the downstream pathways, we also summarize the targeted therapy of EwS by taking advantage of the EWS-FLI1 protein complex and the immunotherapy of the genes activated by EWS-FLI1. Abstract Ewing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare and predominantly pediatric malignancy of bone and soft tissue in children and adolescents. Although international collaborations have greatly improved the prognosis of most EwS, the occurrence of macrometastases or relapse remains challenging. The prototypic oncogene EWS-FLI1 acts as an aberrant transcription factor that drives the cellular transformation of EwS. In addition to its involvement in RNA splicing and the DNA damage response, this chimeric protein directly binds to GGAA repeats, thereby modifying the transcriptional profile of EwS. Direct pharmacological targeting of EWS-FLI1 is difficult because of its intrinsically disordered structure. However, targeting the EWS-FLI1 protein complex or downstream pathways provides additional therapeutic options. This review describes the EWS-FLI1 protein partners and downstream pathways, as well as the related target therapies for the treatment of EwS.
Clinical and Non-Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Associated Pathologies in Parkinson’s Disease

Despite considerable breakthroughs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research, understanding of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PD remains limited. The lack of basic level models that can properly recapitulate PD NMS either in vivo or in vitro complicates matters. Even so, recent research advances have identified cardiovascular NMS as being underestimated in PD. Considering that a cardiovascular phenotype reflects sympathetic autonomic dysregulation, cardiovascular symptoms of PD can play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we have reviewed clinical and non-clinical published papers with four key parameters: cardiovascular disease risks, electrocardiograms (ECG), neurocardiac lesions in PD, and fundamental electrophysiological studies that can be linked to the heart. We have highlighted the points and limitations that the reviewed articles have in common. ECG and pathological reports suggested that PD patients may undergo alterations in neurocardiac regulation. The pathological evidence also suggested that the hearts of PD patients were involved in alpha-synucleinopathy. Finally, there is to date little research available that addresses the electrophysiology of in vitro Parkinson’s disease models. For future reference, research that can integrate cardiac electrophysiology and pathological alterations is required.
A Mediterranean valley : landscape archaeology and Annales history in the Biferno Valley

Approaches to Mediterranean landscape history the Biferno Valley - the modern landscape the Biferno Valley survey - methodologies the natural landscape and its evolution early prehistoric settlement the first agricultural communities the settlement expansion of the second millennium BC Iron Age chiefdoms (c. 1000-500 BC) Pentri, Frentani and the beginnings of urbanization (c. 500-80 BC) Roman towns and territories (c.80 BC-AD 600) the evolution of hilltop villages (AD 600-1500) feudalism and the "Southern Question" (AD 1500 to the present) retrospect - the evolution of a Mediterranean landscape.
Noninvasive Glucose Sensing In Vivo

Blood glucose monitoring is an essential aspect of disease management for individuals with diabetes. Unfortunately, traditional methods require collecting a blood sample and thus are invasive and inconvenient. Recent developments in minimally invasive continuous glucose monitors have provided a more convenient alternative for people with diabetes to track their glucose levels 24/7. Despite this progress, many challenges remain to establish a noninvasive monitoring technique that works accurately and reliably in the wild. This review encompasses the current advancements in noninvasive glucose sensing technology in vivo, delves into the common challenges faced by these systems, and offers an insightful outlook on existing and future solutions.