Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Melatonin on Peripheral Nerve Damage Resulting from Tibial Defect in Rats

melatonin on peripheral nerve damage resulting from tibial defect in rats. :1035-1042, SUMMARY: Peripheral nerve damage (PNI) can cause demyelination, axonal degeneration and loss of motor and sensory function. Melatonin with its antioxidative effect, has been reported to reduce scar formation in nerve injury, take a role in repair process by suppressing fibroblast proliferation in the damaged area. It was aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin in the repair of peripheral nerve damage and the relationship between S100 proteins and angiogenic regulation. Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. In the Defect group, 6 mm tibial bone defect using a motorized drill was created and kept immobile for 28 days . In Defect + graft group, tibial bone defect with allograft treatment was applied and kept immobile for 28 days. In Defect + graft + Melatonin group, melatonin was administered to defect + allograft group. All rats were sacrified by decapitation, skin and tibia bone were removed then fixed with 10 % neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin, sections were examined under light microscopy. In the Defect+Graft group, enlargement and occlusion of the vessels with degeneration of the epineural sheath, thickening of the endoneural sheath and mild hyperplasia of schwannocytus (Schwann cells) were remarkable. In the Defect+Graft+Melatonin group, the epineural sheath was tight and regular, the axonal structures were prominent in the endoneural area. Mild S100 expression was observed in Defect+Graft group in fibers of the endoneural region with a prominent expression in schwannocytus. In Defect+Graft+Melatonin group (10mg/kg), S100 expression was moderate in areas where schwannocytus proliferated and nerve-connective tissue sheaths were reconstructed. VEGF expression was moderate in endoneural, perineural and epineural connective tissue sheaths in the Defect+Graft+Melatonin group, with negative expression in blood vessel endothelial cells, but with a positive expression in schwannocytus. We conclude that with the application of melatonin; oxidative stress decreases, schwannocytus proliferation increases, having positive influence on nerve repair with the regulation of S100 signaling and angiogenetic structuring.
Virtual LiDAR Simulation as a High Performance Computing Challenge: Toward HPC HELIOS++

The software HELIOS++ simulates the laser scanning of a given virtual scene that can be composed of different spatial primitives and 3D meshes with distinct granularity. The high computational cost of this type of simulation software demands efficient computational solutions. Classical solutions based on GPU are not well suited when irregular geometries compose the scene combining different primitives and physics models because they lead to different computation branches. In this paper, we explore the usage of parallelization strategies based on static and dynamic workload balancing and heuristic optimization strategies to speed up the ray tracing process based on a k-dimensional tree (KDT). Using HELIOS++ as our case study, we analyze the performance of our algorithms on different parallel computers, including the CESGA FinisTerrae-II supercomputer. There is a significant performance boost in all cases, with the decrease in computation time ranging from 89.5% to 99.4%. Our results show that the proposed algorithms can boost the performance of any software that relies heavily on a KDT or a similar data structure, as well as those that spend most of the time computing with only a few synchronization barriers. Hence, the algorithms presented in this paper improve performance, whether computed on personal computers or supercomputers.
Cosmological Backreaction for a Test Field Observer in a Chaotic Inflationary Model

In an inhomogeneous universe, an observer associated with a particular matter field does not necessarily measure the same cosmological evolution as an observer in a homogeneous and isotropic universe. Here we consider, in the context of a chaotic inflationary background model, a class of observers associated with a "clock field" for which we use a light test field. We compute the effective expansion rate and fluid equation of state in a gauge invariant way, taking into account the quantum fluctuations of the long wavelength modes, and working up to second order in perturbation theory and in the slow-roll approximation. We find that the effective expansion rate is smaller than what would be measured in the absence of fluctuations. Within the stochastic approach we study the bounds for which the approximations we make are consistent.
Clinical Manifestation of Cardiac Rupture in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Early Versus Late Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background: Cardiac rupture is one of the fatal complications of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) era. The present study aims to identify risk factors of cardiac rupture among patients suffering from STEMI, treated with early and late PPCI. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study involving STEMI patients with cardiac rupture (CR group), matched with STEMI patients without CR (control group) in a 1:5 ratio. They were divided into the early (≤ 6 h) and the late (> 6 h) PCI groups. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to identify risk factors for cardiac rupture. Results: Seventy-four patients in the CR and 370 in the control group were included. Multivariable regression identified lateral infarction (OR = 11.89, 95% CI 2.22–63.81, p < 0.01) in the early PCI phase as a significant risk factor for cardiac rupture. Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) grade 0-1 (early PCI: OR = 4.16, 95% CI 1.33-13.0, p = 0.01; late PCI: OR = 4.46, 95% CI 1.59–12.54, p < 0.01) was a risk factor for both early and late PCI groups. In contrast, TIMI grade 2 was associated with a higher rupture risk within the late (OR = 16.87, 95% CI 3.83–74.19, p < 0.001) but not for the early (OR = 5.44, 95% CI 0.76–39.07, p = 0.09) PCI groups. STEMI combined with Killip IV was associated with a higher rupture risk for the late PCI group (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.99, p = 0.04). Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was protective against cardiac rupture within early PPCI (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.04–0.89, p = 0.04). In contrast, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were associated with lower rupture risks in both the early and late groups (early PCI: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.87, p = 0.02; late PCI: OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.15–0.75, p < 0.01). Conclusions: No reflow or slow blood flow is associated with a higher risk of cardiac rupture in early and late PCI patients. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors are beneficial in preventing heart rupture, and the use of IABP in early PPCI is also helpful in preventing heart rupture.
The formation and evolution of Virgo cluster galaxies – I. Broad-band optical and infrared colours

We use a combination of deep optical (gri) and near-infrared (H) photometry to study the radially resolved colours of a broad sample of 283 Virgo cluster galaxies. For most galaxy types, we find that the median g−H colour gradient is either flat (gas-poor giants and gas-rich dwarfs) or negative (i.e. colours become bluer with increasing radius; gas-poor dwarfs, spirals and gas-poor peculiars). Later-type galaxies typically exhibit more negative gradients than early types. Given the lack of a correlation between the central colours and axial ratios of Virgo spiral galaxies, we argue that dust likely plays a small role, if at all, in setting those colour gradients. We search for possible correlations between galaxy colour and photometric structure or environment and find that the Virgo galaxy colours become redder with increasing concentration, luminosity and surface brightness, while no dependence on the clustercentric radius or local galaxy density is detected (over a range of ∼2 Mpc and ∼3–16 Mpc−2, respectively). The colours of gas-rich Virgo galaxies correlate with their neutral gas deficiencies, such that these galaxies become redder with higher deficiencies, although part of this correlation is likely driven by a latent morphology–gas deficiency trend. Comparisons with stellar population models suggest that these colour gradients arise principally from variations in stellar metallicity within these galaxies, while age variations only make a significant contribution to the colour gradients of Virgo irregulars. A detailed stellar population analysis based on this material is presented in Roediger et al. (Paper II of this series).
Holographic dark energy characterized by the total comoving horizon and insights into a cosmological constant and the coincidence problem

The observed acceleration of the present Universe is shown to be well explained by the holographic dark energy characterized by the total comoving horizon of the Universe (eta HDE). It is of interest to notice that the very large primordial part of the comoving horizon generated by the inflation of the early Universe makes the eta HDE behave like a cosmological constant. As a consequence, both the fine-tuning problem and the coincidence problem can reasonably be understood with the inflationary universe and holo-graphical principle. We present a systematic analysis and obtain a consistent cosmological constraint on the eta HDE model based on the recent cosmological observations. It is found that the eta HDE model gives the best-fit result Omega(m0) = 0: 270 (Omega(de0) = 0: 730) and the minimal chi(2)(min) = 542: 915 which is compatible with chi(2)(ACDM) = 542: 919 for the ACDM model.
Análise de Performance dos Modelos Gerais de Aprendizado de Máquina Pré-Treinados: BERT vs DistilBERT

Modelos de aprendizado de máquina (AM) vêm sendo amplamente utilizados devido à elevada quantidade de dados produzidos diariamente. Dentre eles, destaca-se os modelos pré-treinados devido a sua eficácia, porém estes normalmente demandam um elevado custo computacional na execução de sua tarefa. A fim de contornar esse problema, técnicas de compressão de redes neurais vem sendo aplicadas para produzir modelos pré-treinados menores sem comprometer a acurácia. Com isso, neste trabalho foram utilizados dois diferentes modelos pré-treinados de AM: BERT e DistilBERT na classificação de texto. Os resultados apontam que modelos menores apresentam bons resultados quando comparados com seus equivalentes maiores.
Quantum statistical relation for black holes in nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet AdS gravity

We consider curvature-squared corrections to Einstein-Hilbert gravity action in the form of a Gauss-Bonnet term in D>4 dimensions. In this theory, we study the thermodynamics of charged static black holes with anti-de Sitter (AdS) asymptotics, and whose electric field is described by nonlinear electrodynamics. These objects have received considerable attention in recent literature on gravity/gauge dualities. It is well-known that, within the framework of anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence, there exists a nonvanishing Casimir contribution to the internal energy of the system, manifested as the vacuum energy for global AdS spacetime in odd dimensions. Because of this reason, we derive a quantum statistical relation directly from the Euclidean action and not from the integration of the first law of thermodynamics. To this end, we employ a background-independent regularization scheme which consists, in addition to the bulk action, of counterterms that depend on both extrinsic and intrinsic curvatures of the boundary (Kounterterm series). This procedure results in a consistent inclusion of the vacuum energy and chemical potential in the thermodynamic description for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet AdS gravity regardless of the explicit form of the nonlinear electrodynamics Lagrangian.
Further results on the global cyclicity index of graphs

Being motivated in terms of mathematical concepts from the theory of electrical networks, Klein & Ivanciuc introduced and studied a new graph-theoretic cyclicity index--the global cyclicity index (Graph cyclicity, excess conductance, and resistance deficit, J. Math. Chem. 30 (2001) 271--287). In this paper, by utilizing techniques from graph theory, electrical network theory and real analysis, we obtain some further results on this new cyclicity measure, including the strictly monotone increasing property, some lower and upper bounds, and some Nordhuas-Gaddum-type results. In particular, we establish a relationship between the global cyclicity index $C(G)$ and the cyclomatic number $\mu(G)$ of a connected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges: $$\frac{m}{n-1}\mu(G)\leq C(G)\leq \frac{n}{2}\mu(G). $$
Cambridge Handbook of Generative Syntax, the: Brief overview of the history of generative syntax

1. Background and outline Scientific grammar goes back to the Middle Ages, and specifically the study, by Modistic philosophers, of language as a phenomenon independent of thought. In a sense, the tradition is even older, dating back to Classical Antiquity, and spanning several cultures – after all, every traditional writing system presupposes some serious linguistic theorizing. In the humanistic Renaissance, philosophers started worrying, also, about the relation between language and mind, and as the Ages of Exploration and Reason came to be, about the problem of creativity and what it reveals about the natural world – where according to Descartes it effectively constituted a " second substance ". By the time Darwin began to revolutionize our thinking about human nature, philology was a profession in its own right, so much so that the discovery of the Indo-European ancestry and how it gave rise to hundreds of different languages served as a central inspiration in Darwin's evolutionary theory. Many of the theoretical insights of linguistics in the twentieth century date back to this modern tradition, particularly as coupled together with late nineteenth and early twentieth century developments in mathematical logic and philosophy more generally. Saussure (1916) initiated contemporary structural linguistics, by emphasizing how language should be conceived as separate from what it is used for, and by concentrating on how language is, not how it changes. Bloomfield (1933), Wells (1947) and Harris (1951) developed structuralism further and Noam Chomsky's work developed in particular in immediate reaction to Harris's program. A fundamental difference between structuralism and generative grammar stems from the fact that Chomsky focused on those aspects of structure that make the system recursive, whereas structuralism left those for the realm of what we nowadays call performance. Structuralism in fact focused on finite levels of language, such as morphophonemics, where notions like " linguistic feature " or the paradigmatic inventory underlying phonemics came to be understood (see again especially Harris (1951)). But it was the syntax put to the side at the time that especially interested Chomsky, particularly since it was taken to address a key element in the problem of linguistic creativity. For this purpose, Chomsky borrowed from the axiomatic-deductive method in mathematical logic, developed a generation earlier in its computational formulation – more concretely via Davis 1958 (which had circulated as a draft much prior to its publication date). Chomsky systematized and generalized Emil Post's version of " recursive …
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Practices

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected human life in all spheres. However, the medical and health practices seen changed a lot since the arrival of this pandemic. This article describes the positive and negative impact of covid in the medical field. The integration of telehealth needs to be emphasized and positive changes like hand hygiene, wearing a mask, and appropriate social distancing and online interactive learning may be useful in health care practices. Although, the negative effects of the pandemic like ignoring the patients with other comorbidity and deteriorating mental health of HCW must be kept in mind and should be properly addressed.
Index hypergeometric integral transform

This is a brief overview of the index hypergeometric transform (other terms for this integral operator are: Olevskii transform, Jacobi transform, generalized Mehler--Fock transform). We discuss applications of this transform to special functions and harmonic analysis. The text is an addendum to the Russian edition of the book by G.E. Andrews, R.Askey, and R.Roy, Special Functions, Encycl. of Math. Appl. 71, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999.
Biomarker and Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Pluvials in the Mojave Desert

The climate of the southwestern North America has experienced profound changes between wet and dry phases over the past 200 Kyr. To better constrain the timing, magnitude, and paleoenvironmental impacts of these changes in hydroclimate, we conducted a multiproxy biomarker study from samples collected from a new 77 m sediment core (SLAPP‐SRLS17) drilled in Searles Lake, California. Here, we use biomarkers and pollen to reconstruct vegetation, lake conditions, and climate. We find that δD values of long chain n‐alkanes are dominated by glacial to interglacial changes that match nearby Devils Hole calcite δ18O variability, suggesting both archives predominantly reflect precipitation isotopes. However, precipitation isotopes do not simply covary with evidence for wet‐dry changes in vegetation and lake conditions, indicating a partial disconnect between large scale atmospheric circulation tracked by precipitation isotopes and landscape moisture availability. Increased crenarchaeol production and decreased evidence for methane cycling reveal a 10 Kyr interval of a fresh, productive, and well‐mixed lake during Termination II, corroborating evidence for a paleolake highstand from shorelines and spillover deposits in downstream Panamint Basin and Death Valley during the end of the penultimate (Tahoe) glacial (140–130 ka). At the same time brGDGTs yield the lowest temperature estimates (mean months above freezing = 9°C ± 3°C) of the 200 Kyr record. These limnological conditions are not replicated elsewhere in the 200 Kyr record, suggesting that the Heinrich stadial 11 highstand was wetter than the last glacial maximum and Heinrich 1 (18–15 ka).
An Effective Optimization Methods for the Suppression of Edge Effects in Ultrawideband Tightly Coupled Antenna Arrays

An effective optimization method is proposed for the suppression of edge effects in finite ultrawideband tightly coupled antenna arrays (TCAAs). By designing a practical finite TCAAs, the influences of edge effects on active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are analyzed. Meanwhile, both the active VSWR and the array gain pattern are formulated as analytical expressions with respect to amplitude and phase excitations for analyzing the design freedom of edge effects. Aimed at suppressing the edge effects within an ultrawideband operation band, a nonconvex optimization problem is established for the synthesis of tightly coupled dipole arrays (TCDAs), where array gains at considered scanning angles and frequencies satisfying given maximum active VSWR and amplitude dynamic range ratio (DRR) are maximized. The nonconvex problem is transformed into an iterative convex optimization problem by the use of an iterative way, and the amplitude and phase excitations are efficiently solved by the convex optimization algorithm accordingly. By comparing to the traditional uniform amplitude and progressive phase excitation (UAPPE) method, the simulated and measured results of the ultrawideband TCDA show that the proposed method can slightly improve array gains at most frequencies, while the active VSWRs are suppressed to 3 over a 10:1 bandwidth when scanning up to 45°.
Osobine glagoljičkog knjiškog i diplomatičkog kurziva

Palaeographic research conducted on the mentioned works of Croatian Glagolitic heritage compares the graphic characteristics of two variants of Glagolitic cursive writing – diplomatic and literary cursive. The research methodology is based on a grapholinguistic description with the focus on palaeographic categories of coordination in the line system, morphology of letter forms and comparisons of abbreviations and ligatures. The aim of the research is to clarify the development of the mentioned subtypes of the Glagolitic alphabet which were specific for Croatian litteracy. The approach to research is genetic – we will try to see where the degree of letter coordination (as the main generator of the minusculization process) is fixed. The observed corpus of Croatian Glagolitic writing is still insufficiently researched, and this fact was an additional reason for the conduction of the planned paleographic research. Ključne riječi: Slavenska glagoljska paleografija, kurzivna glagoljica, grafolingvistika, slovna koordinacija, slovna morfologija
Matrix product states for trial quantum Hall states

We obtain an exact matrix-product-state (MPS) representation of a large series of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states in various geometries of genus 0. The states in question include all paired $k=2$ Jack polynomials, such as the Moore-Read and Gaffnian states, as well as the Read-Rezayi $k=3$ state. We also outline the procedures through which the MPSs of other model FQH states can be obtained, provided their wave function can be written as a correlator in a $1+1$ conformal field theory (CFT). The auxiliary Hilbert space of the MPS, which gives the counting of the entanglement spectrum, is then simply the Hilbert space of the underlying CFT. This formalism enlightens the link between entanglement spectrum and edge modes. Properties of model wave functions such as the thin-torus root partitions and squeezing are recast in the MPS form, and numerical benchmarks for the accuracy of the new MPS prescription in various geometries are provided.
How Violent are the Collisions of Different Sized Droplets in a Turbulent Flow

We study the typical collisional velocities in a polydisperse suspension of droplets in two and three-dimensional turbulent flow and obtain precise theoretical estimates of the dependence of the impact velocity of particles-pairs on their relative sizes. These analytical results are validated against data from our direct numerical simulations. We show that the impact velocity saturates exponentially with the inverse of the particle-size ratios. Our results are important to model coalescence or fragmentation (depending on the impact velocities) and will be crucial, for example, in obtaining precise coalescence kernels to describe the growth of water droplets which trigger rain in warm clouds.
Malware Evolution and Detection Based on the Variable Precision Rough Set Model

To offer innovative malware evolution techniques, it is appealing to integrate approaches that handle imperfect data and knowledge. In fact, malware writers tend to target some precise features within the app’s code to camouflage the malicious content. Those features may sometimes present conflictual information about the true nature of the content of the app (malicious/benign). In this paper, we show how the Variable Precision Rough Set (VPRS) model can be combined with optimization techniques, in particular Bilevel-Optimization-Problems (BLOPs), in order to establish a detection model capable of following the crazy race of malware evolution initiated among malware-developers. We propose a new malware detection technique, based on such hybridization, named Variable Precision Rough set Malware Detection (ProRSDet), that offers robust detection rules capable of revealing the new nature of a given app. ProRSDet attains encouraging results when tested against various state-of-the-art malware detection systems using common evaluation metrics.