Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cases of head injuries in football sport: A case study of Ghaziabad District, Uttar Pradesh

ABSTRACT In recent years public awareness of the potential long-term effects of concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries sustained in sport of football has increased. Players purposely use their head to direct the ball during play. There is a growing understanding of the link between blows to the head suffered in football and the potential for increased risk of injuries in later life. [1] This study aim is to reveal the similarities and differences the understanding of the link between blows to the head suffered in football and the potential for increased risk of injuries more specifically dementia in later life. [23] Heading an incorrect sized football can result in head injuries. As per FIFA guidelines a different sized football shall be used for different age groups. The schools in the Ghaziabad city were asked to fill in the questionnaires containing certain questions on Sports in general and football in particular. Descriptive and evaluative approach was used, which is generally used in comparative studies. The findings by various Universities established how heading can affect the brain, cognition, and speech of a person. It was found that a few developed nations like USA, England, Ireland have taken note of this issue and have issued guidelines based on the data and studies available. This study establishes that over-inflated footballs are being used in schools and also most of the schools have with them a single-sized football (which is against FIFA guidelines). Moreover, awareness of physical education instructors about different sizes of football and head injuries due to football is lacking. Also, clear guidelines on this issue are needed from the Ministry of Sports in India.
Optical signatures of the interplay between intermolecular and intramolecular coupling in plastic semiconductors

Polymeric semiconductors such has regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) have electronic proprieties that can be tuned by proper control of the solid-state microstructure. We process thin films of P3HT of different molecular weight ranging from 2 kg/mol to 341 kg/mol. The polymer undergo a transition from a paraffinic, non-entangled microstructure to a two-phase microstructure defined by entangled chains embedded in amorphous regions at around 50 kg/mol. We observe an abrupt decrease in the intermolecular coupling from an average of ~20 meV for molecular weight below 50 kg/mol to ~5 meV above 50 kg/mol. We assign this decrease in the interchain coupling and associated free-exciton bandwidth at higher molecular weight to a transition from a one-phase morphology to a two-phase morphology defined above. In steady-state photoluminescence, we associate the lower Huang-Rhys factors at higher molecular weight to more planar backbone.
Interpolation approximations for steady-state performance measures

The analysis of the steady-state performance in many queuing systems is complex and closed-form results are available only in particular cases. We therefore set out to develop approximations for important performance measures in steady-state such as the queue length vector, waiting time and sojourn time. We first analyse the performance in a light-traffic and heavy-traffic regime. We then show how to develop an interpolation-based approximation that is valid for any load in the system. An advantage of the approach taken is that it is not model dependent and hence could potentially be applied to other complex queuing models. We apply this technique to three widely used models in the performance evaluation of stochastic networks: The supermarket model, the Discriminatory-Processor-Sharing (DPS) queue and the Relative Priority (RP) queue. The supermarket model is a multi-server queue where upon arrival of a customer two servers are selected at random from the available pool of servers. The Join-the-Shortest-Queue policy is then used in isolation with these two servers. DPS and RP are both single-server multi-class queues that implement relative priorities among customers of the various classes. The DPS discipline serves all customers simultaneously while RP serves one customer at a time in a non-preemptive way. We show that in some instances the interpolation approximation is exact. We then use the approximation to draw structural insights onto the performance of the system, and we carry out numerical experiments that illustrate that the interpolation approximation is accurate over a wide range of parameters
The robust focused information criterion for strong mixing stochastic processes with L 2 -differentiable parametric densities

Claeskens and Hjort (J Am Stat Assoc 98(464):900–916, 2003) constructed the focused information criterion (FIC) using maximum likelihood estimators to facilitate the contextual selection of probability models for independently distributed observations. We generalize these results to the case of stationary, strong mixing stochastic processes exhibiting outliers when the “true” ﬁnite dimensional distribution of the process lies in the contamination neighbourhood of the assumed parametric model for the process. Given the natural ﬁltration of a stochastic process, we obtain the FIC using robust M -estimators having bounded conditional inﬂuence functions. We utilize Le Cam’s contiguity lemmas to tract the parametric form of the asymptotic bias of M -estimators under model misspeciﬁcation induced by additive outliers. The local asymptotic normality is established assuming the ﬁnite dimensional parametric density of the process to be L 2 -differentiable (differentiable in quadratic mean). As a result, our theory is also applicable for constructing FIC for moderately irregular models outside the exponential family such as Laplace and related densities. We apply our results to derive the robust FIC for simultaneous selection of the order and the innovation density of asymmetric Laplace autoregressive processes observed with outliers. We demonstrate our theory with the focused modeling of United States Dollar to Indian Rupee currency exchange rates exhibiting outliers post Indian demonetization.
In-circuit characterisation technique for barritt diodes and other 2-terminal negative-resistance oscillator devices

The large-signal characterisation of 2-terminal, solid-state oscillator devices operating in microwave circuits may be achieved using a technique for measuring the circuit admittance seen from the device chip. The method provides a means of making such a measurement with the minimum of assumptions, especially in respect of the encapsulation. Results are presented in the form of a 3-dimensional ‘device surface’ of the complex admittance as a function of frequency and r.f. amplitude.
Effects of mine water on soil microbial community structure and diversity in desert steppe

: To investigate the influence of mine water discharge on soil microbial community structure and diversity in the desert grasslands of Ningxia, high-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the composition of bacteria and fungi communities in the 0 - 10, 10 - 20, and 20 - 30 cm soil layers along the shore, near-shore land, and natural areas of the mine water discharge lake. The main factors of the mine water influencing the soil microbial community structure and diversity were revealed by combining these factors with soil physical, soil chemical, and other habitat factors. The results show that the mine drainage in the study area significantly changed the community composition of soil bacteria and fungi as well as the relative abundance of the soil bacteria and fungi. The main dominant phyla of bacteria in the shoreland, coastal land, and natural areas were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the main dominant genus of bacteria was norrank_f_norrank _ o _ norrank _ c _ MB-A2-108 . Ascomycetes was the main dominant phylum of fungi in the shoreland, coastal land, and natural areas, whereas unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes and Preussia were dominant in the shoreland area and the coastal land and natural areas, respectively. The drainage of mine water leads to significantly higher soil salinity and moisture in the waterfront area of desert grassland than in the coastal land and natural areas. Salt was found to inhibit the growth of soil bacteria and fungi but, at the same time, promoted the enrichment of halophilic bacteria in the study area. The diversity and richness of soil bacteria and fungi in shoreland areas are significantly lower than the corresponding values in natural areas, which further shows that mine water has a significant impact on the richness and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi. There was little difference in the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the different soil layers. The analysis of soil environmental factors along with the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi showed that soil salinity, water content, organic carbon, and pH are the main influencing factors on the diversity of soil bacteria and fungi in the desert grasslands of Ningxia.
Portable nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system

A portable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging system has been designed for noninvasive investigations of immobile objects, e.g., living plants in their natural environment, a human finger or similar objects not exceeding a diameter of 12 mm. The NMR spectrometer is equipped with a permanent magnet, flat biplanar gradient coils, and a battery powered amplifier network with a phase-encoding unit, capable of imaging experiments on volumes of (1 cm)3 with a spatial resolution of 63 μm. The total weight of the instrument is approximately 90 kg. First applications of this system include spin-echo images of phantoms and living plants in a greenhouse.
A Novel Ka-band Wideband Slot Antenna for System-on-Package Application

An novel wideband Ka-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot antenna is proposed in this paper. The antenna has an ultra-low profile (only about 2.5% of the operating wavelength). Slot and cavity resonators are introduced simultaneously to extend impedance bandwidth. The result demonstrates that the antenna can operate in 30.25–33.16 GHz (about 9% of the fractional bandwidth). Unlike the traditional slot antenna, the backward radiation of this SIW slot antenna is suppressed due to the existence of the ground plate. A good linear polarization characteristic is also obtained. The antenna is very suitable for RF front-end system-on-package (SoP) design in millimeter wave application.
Nonasymptotic universal smoothing factors, kernel complexity and yatracos classes

We introduce a method to select a smoothing factor for kernel density estimation such that, for all densities in all dimensions, the L 1 error of the corresponding kernel estimate is not larger than three times the error of the estimate with the optimal smoothing factor plus a constant times √log n/n, where n is the sample size, and the constant depends only on the complexity of the kernel used in the estimate. The result is nonasymptotic, that is, the bound is valid for each n. The estimate uses ideas from the minimum distance estimation work of Yatracos. As the inequality is uniform with respect to all densities, the estimate is asymptotically minimax optimal (modulo a constant) over many function classes.
An Efficient Approximation method of Adaptive Support-Weight Matching in Stereo Images

>C P:; CZ! [ \]^\,_`ABA#$DEFa . -bABA>CDEF(Adaptive Support-Weight, ASW) N c GHdaefgh. ijkN c GHd,lm@n 'olpqrs$-8/f, GH! tVUV:uM,vwxsy$zp%h. ,Bilateral filter 3{#$KLM|Integral Histogram NqAp-. >C}+~!  ,? ? 3VUO(1) Z,GHq3-b'(D/0h. -N KLM6,@! ASW 3{q - ,GH69+! tqD=8h. , @bABA>CDEFf^! GH69+a- @ABA>CDEFf^! Yolpqbf^q%h. am>CZ! qiM-.KLMGHq3-bSub-Block N >? ,6e,_`ABA#$V7a6-bN q%h. dA#$ N { ehc GH69+a- @+IJA#$Yo3VUq8h. AbstractRecently in the area-based stereo matching field, Adaptive Support-Weight (ASW) method that weights matching cost adaptively according to the luminance intensity and the geometric difference shows promising matching performance. However, ASW requires more computational cost than other matching algorithms do and its real-time implementation becomes impractical. By applying Integral Histogram technique after approximating to the Bilateral filter equation, the computational time of ASW can be restricted in constant time regardless of the support window size. However, Integral Histogram technique causes loss of the matching accuracy during approximation process of the original ASW equation. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that maintains the ASW algorithm’s matching accuracy while reducing the computational costs. In the proposed algorithm, we propose Sub-Block method that groups the pixels within the support area. We also propose the method adjusting the disparity search range depending on edge information. The proposed technique reduces the calculation time efficiently while improving the matching accuracy.
RADIATION LOSSES IN GLASS OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

Measurements show that single‐mode waveguides can be constructed which have radiation losses of about 7 dB/km—very close to the intrinsic material scattering loss. These waveguides, with total losses between 60 and 70 dB/km, have permitted the measurement of bending losses which become dominant at radii of curvature of a few centimeters. An approximate theory based on bending a rectangular guide appears to represent the circular waveguide results very well.
Colorimetric Technique for Monitoring Water Stress in Palm Oil Seedlings

Prevention of stress in the asymptomatic stage of the plants could result in improved crop management. In this study, the water and light stress of three oil palm seedlings (Elaeis Guineensis) was examined by assessing the leaves' colour using CIELAB colour space. The oil palm seedlings were subjected to water stress for 33 days and then to water and light stress from 55 to 78 day (for 25 days). The variation of the colour of the leaves due to water stress was discussed in detail. The approach used in this study to identify the drought stress may allow for differentiating mild environmental and severe drought stress in oil palm plants and may be used for remote field-scale estimation of plant stress resistance and health.
Logistic regression application into leak identification of embankment in-depth probe

The publication presents the results of research on the method of spatial analysis of moisture in objects with the use of deep-sea electrodes. The research consisted in the preparation and development of algorithms as well as models for the analysis and reconstruction of images on the basis of data obtained from impedance electrical tomography. The selected algorithms were used to convert electrical values into conductance. The input is electrical values and the output is image pixels. The pixels represent the conductance. The paper presents the use of PCA method in logistic regression as well as elastic network in logistic regression for leak detection in embankments. In order to be able to perform the research, deep-sea probes were used to collect data.
Determination of the plane-stress elastic-constants of thin-films from substrate curvature measurements - applications to amorphous metals

A new method for measuring the static plane stress elastic constants of thin films on a substrate is described. It is based on measurements of the principal curvatures of two identical samples deposited on substrates with different preset curvatures. It is accurate if the deposition stress is no larger than the stress due to the bending of the substrates. Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio of amorphous Pd78Si22 were found to be the same as those of melt‐spun material. The biaxial modulus of amorphous PdSi/PdSiFe multilayers was found to be independent of the bilayer repeat length.
A stochastic multi-item inventory model with unequal replenishment intervals and limited warehouse capacity

Managing inventory levels for multiple products that share warehouse capacity often presents significant coordination challenges. These coordination challenges are further compounded when multiple suppliers use different replenishment schedules for supplying the warehouse. To address these challenges, this paper studies stochastic inventory models for multiple items with both equal and unequal replenishment intervals under limited warehouse capacity. We propose three efficient and intuitively attractive heuristics. We show that these heuristics provide the optimal replenishment quantities in the case of equal replenishment intervals. For the general model, a numerical comparison of the heuristic solutions to the optimal solutions shows that the heuristics yield high quality solutions in very limited time.
Coalescent results for two-sex population models

‘Convergence-to-the-coalescent’ theorems for two-sex neutral population models are presented. For the two-sex Wright-Fisher model the ancestry of n sampled genes behaves like the usual n-coalescent, if the population size N is large and if the time is measured in units of 4N generations. Generalisations to a larger class of two-sex models are discussed.
Overcoming the data processing challenges of unifying tomography techniques at ESRF

The ESRF tomography software is undergoing a major re-write, targeted at unifying the tomography user experience, data acquisition, data format, and processing tools. To cope with the inherent large complexity of handling data coming from multiple beamlines, techniques and facilities, we are developing an open source software called NXtomomill. It is named after the NXtomo application class of the NeXus data format, and it will offer advanced data conversion, manipulation and reduction functions. This includes azimuthal integration for X-ray Diffraction CT, and elemental fitting for X-ray Fluorescence CT. This work will have a remarkable impact on resource management, software robustness, and data storage. With the addition of the new functionality of the ESRF data portal, it will also unlock unimagined opportunities with respect to the automation of artificial intelligence techniques on large and heterogeneous collections of datasets.
Sub-200-fs pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser using a carbon nanotube-polyvinylalcohol mode locker

We study the difference in mode-locked operations of different saturable absorber films made of single wall carbon nanotube-polyvinylalcohol nanocomposite. The films have different nanotube concentrations and thicknesses. For the study, a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser in a ring cavity configuration was constructed by setting the films in a microgap between a pair of fiber end facets. With the optimum film among those we have tested, the shortest pulses with a width of 178fs were achieved at 1. 56μm with a repetition rate of 22.8MHz and an average power of 1.55mW.
Refractive indices for amorphous carbon

Refractive indices n and k have been measured over the range 1.5< or =lambda/sup -1/< or =8.5 . mu.m/sup -1/ for an amorphous carbon solid formed by direct condensation from a gas containing C, C/sub 2/, and C/sub 3/ as well as trace quantities of linear polyyne molecules. Small particles of this material will exhibit a high albedo in the extreme ultraviolet as required by observations of VUV scattering. In hydrogenated form amorphous carbon particles have significant IR absorption at 3.3-3.4 . mu.m.
Convection in an internally heated high Prandtl number fluid: a laboratory study

Abstract The stability regimes for convection in an internally heated, high Prandtl number, glycerin-based solution have been investigated for the first time by inducing particular planforms under controlled conditions. Down hexagons were found to be stable to about 40 Rac having wavenumbers which are in reasonable agreement with both linear and finite amplitude calculations. Beyond this value of the Rayleigh number, the cells were observed to undergo a transition from flow down to flow up at the center. Most of these new cells are not completely closed and bear some similarity to distorted rolls. They were also found to be time dependent and their horizontal scale did not differ substantially from that associated with the hexagonal planform at lower Rayleigh numbers. However, at about 125 Rac , the onset of two-scale flow was observed—a phenomenon which may be associated with the finite thermal conductivity of the upper boundary.
5145 Pholus Stellar Occultation Candidates: 1999-2005

In search of stellar occultation candidates, the Flagstaff Automatic Scanning Transit Telescope (FASTT) was used to scan the sky through which the Centaur 5145 Pholus will pass during the period 1999–2005. Positions for 98,602 stars (7.0 < V < 17.7) were determined using differential reductions and the ACT catalog of star positions and proper motions, and accuracies of ±20 mas in each coordinate were achieved, except for the faintest stars observed. During the period of our search, Pholus passes within 1. ″5 of 100 of these stars, which have been identified as occultation candidates in this paper. Circumstances for the possible occultations are given, including finder charts for the 15 brightest stars. Since the radius of Pholus subtends approximately 10 mas, considerable astrometric effort will be required near the time of a potential event to determine whether it will result in an observable occultation. A stellar occultation observed from multiple sites can be used to determine the precise radius and albedo for this object.
Hinode Observations of Horizontal Quiet Sun Magnetic Flux and the “Hidden Turbulent Magnetic Flux”

We present observations of magnetic fields of the very quiet Sun near disk center using the Spectro-Polarimeter of the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite. These observations reveal for the first time the ubiquitous presence of horizontal magnetic fields in the internetwork regions. The horizontal fields are spatially distinct from the vertical fields, demonstrating that they are not arising mainly from buffeting of vertical flux tubes by the granular convection. The horizontal component has an average “apparent flux density” of 55 Mx cm 2 (assuming the horizontal field structures are spatially resolved), in contrast to the average apparent vertical flux density of 11 Mx cm . The vertical fields reside mainly in the intergranular lanes, whereas the horizontal fields occur mainly over the bright granules, with a preference to be near the outside edge of the bright granules. The large apparent imbalance of vertical and horizontal flux densities is discussed, and several scenarios are presented to explain this imbalance.