Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward a study of bidding processes, part II: Games with capacity limitations

This paper is the second of a series on bidding. A previous paper (published in Mar., 1963 issue of NRLQ) considered bidding situations formulated as two‐person constant‐sum games; this article is devoted to the important case of non‐constant‐sum bidding models involving two participants. Following an introduction on solution concepts, the single‐shot bid is analyzed, both for the case of no penalty in the case of a tie, and for the case of a penalty. The majority of the paper is then devoted to a study of bidding on a sequence of jobs, using three different assumptions about the amount of information revealed after the award of each job. They are, respectively, the super‐silent bid, where no information is given; the silent bid, where only the name of the winner is announced; and the noisy bid, where complete information is given. The analysis is primarily a study of equilibrium solutions under each assumption. What is shown is that, in passing from one type of bid to a second in which more information is given, new families of equilibrium solutions are added, and existing families become more extensive.
Error analysis of friction drive elements

Friction drive is used in some large astronomical telescopes in recent years. Comparing to the direct drive, friction drive train consists of more buildup parts. Usually, the friction drive train consists of motor-tachometer unit, coupling, reducer, driving roller, big wheel, encoder and encoder coupling. Normally, these buildup parts will introduce somewhat errors to the drive system. Some of them are random error and some of them are systematic error. For the random error, the effective way is to estimate their contributions and try to find proper way to decrease its influence. For the systematic error, the useful way is to analyse and test them quantitively, and then feedback the error to the control system to correct them. The main task of this paper is to analyse these error sources and find out their characteristics, such as random error, systematic error and contributions. The methods or equations used in the analysis will be also presented detail in this paper.
Airfoil Section Characteristics at a Low Reynolds Number

The aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils operating at Re = 4 X 10 3 were examined, varying the parameters related to the airfoil shape such as thickness, camber, and roughness. Airfoils with good aerodynamic performance at this Re have the following shape characteristics : (1) they are thinner than airfoils for higher Re numbers, (2) they have a sharp leading edge, and (3) they have a camber of about five percent with its maximum camber at about mid-chord. The characteristics of airfoils are strongly affected by leading edge vortices. The measured two-dimensional airfoil characteristics indicate that the planform, which greatly affects the flight performance of the three-dimensional wing at high Reynolds numbers, has little effect on the flight performance at this Reynolds number.
Si nanopillar array optimization on Si thin films for solar energy harvesting

In this letter, Si thin film (800 nm thick) with nanopillar array decorated surface is studied via simulation for its solar energy absorption characteristics. It is found that the light absorption is significantly enhanced due to the adding of the Si nanopillar (SiNP) array to the Si thin film. The absorption characteristics of the SiNP structure would be approximately optimum (especially at ∼2.5 eV, the high energy density region in the solar spectrum) when the periodicity of SiNP array is set as ∼500 nm, which can be explained when comparing the incident light wavelength with the periodicity of SiNP array.
Three-dimensional orientation from texture using Gabor wavelets

We present a method for measuring the three-dimensional orientation of planar surfaces. We derive a model relating the spatially varying instantaneous frequency of the image texture to the instantaneous frequency of the surface texture, to the orientation of the surface, and to the parameters of the imaging system. We measure the localized frequency at each image point with Gabor wavelets and use it to solve for the surface orientation according to the model. The method does not require the extraction of discrete texture elements. The algorithm has a mean error of about 5 degrees in the measured slant and tilt on a test set of 12 real-world surfaces.
Detection of Wheat Lodging by Binocular Cameras during Harvesting Operation

Wheat lodging provides important reference information for self-adaptive header control of a combine harvester. Aimed at real-time detection of wheat lodging, this paper proposed a detection method of wheat lodging location and area based on binocular vision. In this method, the angle relationship between the stem and vertical direction when wheat is upright, inclined, and lodging was determined by mechanical analysis. The discrimination condition of the wheat lodging degree was proposed based on the height of the visual point cloud on the surface of wheat crops. The binocular camera was used to obtain the image parallax of wheat within the harvesting region. The binocular camera optical axis parallel model was used to calculate the three-dimensional coordinate of wheat. Then, the height of the wheat stem was obtained by further analysis and calculation. According to the wheat stem height detected by vision, the location and area of wheat lodging within the combine harvester’s harvesting region were analyzed. A field experiment showed that the detection error of the wheat stem height was 5.5 cm and the algorithm speed was under 2000 milliseconds, which enabled the analysis and calculation of the wheat lodging location, contour, and area within the combine harvester’s harvesting region. This study provides key information for adaptive header control of combine harvesters.
Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Liposoluble C60 at the Cellular, Molecular, and Whole-Animal Levels

Introduction Liposoluble carbon-60 (C60) has potential applications in many fields, including cosmetics, medical devices, and medicine, but its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. This study explored whether liposoluble C60 could be delivered to human organs, tissues, and cells through blood, extracellular fluid, and cell culture fluid and whether it exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at the molecular, cellular, and whole-animal levels. Methods At the cellular level, we mixed C60 dissolved in grape seed oil with cell culture medium containing 10% serum and investigated its effects on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) release, migration, phagocytosis, respiratory burst, and apoptosis in freshly isolated human neutrophils. At the molecular level, we mixed a trace amount of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil with aqueous and ethanolic solutions and studied its antioxidant effect. At the animal level, we investigated the inhibitory effect of C60 on the serum inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in beagle dogs after oral administration of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil. Results The results showed that the trace amount of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil significantly inhibited TNF-α release, cell migration, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst in freshly isolated human neutrophils. In addition, the trace amount of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil had a significant scavenging effect on superoxide free radicals and 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radicals. Oral administration of C60 dissolved in grape seed oil markedly reduced the level of the serum inflammatory marker CRP in beagle dogs. Conclusion In summary, a trace amount of hydrophobic C60 in hydrophilic media effectively produced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in cells and animals. C60 dissolved in grape seed oil is a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug candidate.
Measurement of traffic parameters in image sequence using spatio-temporal information

This paper proposes a novel method for measurement of traffic parameters, such as the number of passed vehicles, velocity and occupancy rate, by video image analysis. The method is based on a region classification followed by spatio-temporal image analysis. Local detection region images in traffic lanes are classified into one of four categories: the road, the vehicle, the reflection and the shadow, by using statistical and structural features. Misclassification at a frame is corrected by using temporally correlated features of vehicles in the spatio-temporal image. This capability of error correction results in the accurate estimation of traffic parameters even in high traffic congestion. Also headlight detection is employed for nighttime operation. Experimental results show that the accuracy is more than 94% in our test database of diverse operating conditions such as daytime, shadowy daytime, highway, urban way, rural way, rainy day, snowy day, dusk and nighttime. The average processing time is 30 ms per frame when four traffic lanes are processed, and real-time operation could be realized while ensuring robust detection performance even for high-speed vehicles up to 150 km h−1.
Infrastructure and the Energy Use of Human Polities

This paper integrates scaling theory with variation in systems of governance to help explain cross-cultural differences in the energy use of human polities. In both industrial and pre-industrial polities, systems of governance moderate the scaling of population and energy use. Polities with more inclusive governance systems display, on average, lower energy use per agent. However, as populations increase in size, the energy consumed by polities with more inclusive governance increases faster than among polities with less inclusive governance. These results support the hypothesis that more inclusive governance systems help generate a virtuous cycle of increasing trust, larger-scale cooperation, and more productive economies; however, a byproduct of this process is an expanding network–energy throughput tradeoff: Good governance empowers individuals and firms to connect and cooperate. At the same time, similar to Jevons’ classic efficiency paradox, scaling-up this empowerment requires a system, as a whole, to consume ever greater amounts of energy and materials from the earth’s ecosystems.
Transition from bulk transport to surface transport in organic field effect transistors

We propose a theory of trap-filling transitions in organic thin films in a planar field effect transistor geometry containing an exponential trap distribution. We find that the thickness of the accumulation layer produced by the gate voltage in those devices depends strongly on the degree of energetical disorder in the active layer. As a consequence, the charge-carrier transport in systems with a high degree of energetical disorder can have two regimes: (i) a bulklike regime (BL), where the charge-carrier mobility decreases with the thickness of the semiconductor film and (ii) a surface transport (ST) regime, where the charge-carrier mobility saturates and does not depend on the thickness of the film. We derive approximate analytical expressions for the current-voltage characteristics, the saturation current as a function of the gate voltage (saturation transfer curve), and the field-effect mobility for each regime of charge-carrier transport. We show that the BL/ST transition is characterized by a variation of 2 in the power-law exponent followed by the mobility as a function of the gate voltage after a critical value. By means of our simple model, we discuss the conditions for the observation of the BL/ST transition in thin-film organic field effect transistors. We show that the mobility can have a maximum with increasing deposition of semiconductor material, depending on the nature of the percolative transport in the submonolayer and monolayer scales and on the degree of energetic disorder in the film. Finally we test our model using experimental data measured in $\ensuremath{\alpha}$, $\ensuremath{\omega}$-dihexylquaterthiophene devices reported in the literature.
An H-alpha survey of southern hemisphere active chromosphere stars

Because of the variety of extraordinary phenomena exhibited by active chromosphere objects, discovery of new, bright surface-active stars is of considerable importance. Ca II emission is a well-known signature of chromospheric activity, serving even as one of the points of definition of the class of RS CVn binary stars. In connection with the present investigation, spectroscopic observations of 27 Ca II emission stars have been conducted. The observations make it possible to identify unambiguously the most chromospherically active stars in the sample. By observing the H-alpha line, rather than H and K, it is possible to distinguish nine of these stars which are likely to be observational targets as interesting as the extremely surface active objects V711 Tau or FK Com. Of the 27 stars surveyed, two (HD 86005, HD 204128) showed H-alpha as an emission feature above continuum, with estimated equivalent width 1-2 A.
Tracing studies and analysis of the effect of loss to follow‐up on mortality estimation from patient registry data

Summary. Before patient registries are used for studies of the long‐term mortality that is associated with chronic medical conditions, the potential bias resulting from patients who become lost to follow‐up must be investigated. A study design, used for a systemic lupus erythematosus patient registry, is described. The design involves tracing patients who are defined as ‘lost to follow‐up’ according to specific criteria. This provides supplementary information on the mortality experience of patients who are lost to (regular) follow‐up. Some methods of analysis are described, based on comparing the mortality experience of patients when under regular follow‐up with the experience of patients after they are deemed to be lost to follow‐up. The effect of loss to follow‐up, death reporting and visits to the clinic on estimation procedures is illustrated and recommendations are made for patient registries which are to be used in mortality studies.
Post-Stroke Pneumonia in Real-World Practice: Background, Microbiological Examination, and Treatment

Post-stroke pneumonia (PSP) has an impact on acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although predictive scores for PSP have been developed, it is occasionally difficult to predict. Clarifying how PSP was treated after its onset in clinical practice is important. Admitted patients with AIS over a 2-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Of 281 patients with AIS, 24 (8.5%) developed PSP. The integer-based pneumonia risk score was higher in patients with PSP. The onset of PSP was frequently seen up to the 4th day of hospitalization. Of patients with PSP, sputum examination yielded Geckler 4 or 5 in only 8.3%. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) was more frequently administered to patients with PSP; however, all these cases were started with ACE-I following PSP onset. Nasogastric tubes (NGTs) were inserted in 16 of the patients with PSP, of whom 11 were inserted following PSP onset. Multivariate analysis showed that PSP onset was a poor prognostic factor independent of the female sex, urinary tract infection, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. PSP treatment would benefit from the administration of antimicrobials and ACE-I, as well as NGT insertion. To select effective agents for PSP and evaluate the indications for NGT insertion, further case studies are needed.
On hydrostatic flows in isentropic coordinates

The hydrostatic primitive equations of motion which have been used in large-scale weather prediction and climate modelling over the last few decades are analysed with variational methods in an isentropic Eulerian framework. The use of material isentropic coordinates for the Eulerian hydrostatic equations is known to have distinct conceptual advantages since fluid motion is, under inviscid and statically stable circumstances, confined to take place on quasi-horizontal isentropic surfaces. First, an Eulerian isentropic Hamilton's principle, expressed in terms of fluid parcel variables, is therefore derived by transformation of a Lagrangian Hamilton's principle to an Eulerian one. This Eulerian principle explicitly describes the boundary dynamics of the time-dependent domain in terms of advection of boundary isentropes sB; these are the values the isentropes have at their intersection with the (lower) boundary. A partial Legendre transform for only the interior variables yields an Eulerian ‘action’ principle. Secondly, Noether's theorem is used to derive energy and potential vorticity conservation from the Eulerian Hamilton's principle. Thirdly, these conservation laws are used to derive a wave-activity invariant which is second-order in terms of small-amplitude disturbances relative to a resting or moving basic state. Linear stability criteria are derived but only for resting basic states. In mid-latitudes a time- scale separation between gravity and vortical modes occurs. Finally, this time-scale separation suggests that conservative geostrophic and ageostrophic approximations can be made to the Eulerian action principle for hydrostatic flows. Approximations to Eulerian variational principles may be more advantageous than approximations to Lagrangian ones because non-dimensionalization and scaling tend to be based on Eulerian estimates of the characteristic scales involved. These approximations to the stratified hydrostatic formulation extend previous approximations to the shallow- water equations. An explicit variational derivation is given of an isentropic version of Hoskins & Bretherton's model for atmospheric fronts.
Identification of BMP10 as a Novel Gene Contributing to Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by left ventricular or biventricular enlargement with systolic dysfunction, is the most common type of cardiac muscle disease. It is a major cause of congestive heart failure and the most frequent indication for heart transplantation. Aggregating evidence has convincingly demonstrated that DCM has an underlying genetic basis, though the genetic defects responsible for DCM in a larger proportion of cases remain elusive, motivating the ongoing research for new DCM-causative genes. In the current investigation, a multigenerational family affected with autosomal-dominant DCM was recruited from the Chinese Han population. By whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing analyses of the DNAs from the family members, a new BMP10 variation, NM_014482. 3:c.166C > T;p.(Gln56*), was discovered and verified to be in co-segregation with the DCM phenotype in the entire family. The heterozygous BMP10 variant was not detected in 268 healthy volunteers enrolled as control subjects. The functional measurement via dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that Gln56*-mutant BMP10 lost the ability to transactivate its target genes NKX2.5 and TBX20, two genes that had been causally linked to DCM. The findings strongly indicate BMP10 as a new gene contributing to DCM in humans and support BMP10 haploinsufficiency as an alternative pathogenic mechanism underpinning DCM, implying potential implications for the early genetic diagnosis and precision prophylaxis of DCM.
Natura-alpha, a novel STAT3-Y705 inhibitor in treating systemic lupus erythematosus in NZB/W female mice (P5157)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease. Increases in Th1/Th17 cells, and decreases in Treg cells, have been observed in patients with SLE. Natura-α, a synthetic small molecule inhibits STAT3-Y705 phosphorylation and regulates Th1/Th17 and Treg. The potential of Natura-α as a SLE therapeutics was explored. The SLE model NZB/W female mice which develops lupus nephritis were used after the disease was confirmed at week 19. One group (n=10) was given orally vehicle, and the other groups given Natura-α at 25 or 75 mg/kg, once/day, 5 days/week for 29 weeks. Mice were monitored until 52 weeks of age. Proteinuria in control mice was elevated at week 31, followed with sharp increase reaching greater than 1000 mg/dL at week 44. The levels in the two Natura-α-treated groups essentially maintained at stable lower level (150+100mg/dL at 25mg/kg, and 115+127mg/dL at 75mg/kg). Control mice began to die at week 38. At week 48, 60% of mice died in the vehicle group. In sharp contrast, all mice in the Natura-α-treated groups were survived (P<0.001). Glomerular lesion in the control mice reached maximal at week 38, with over 85% exhibited severe lesions. The glomerular lesions in the Natura-α-treated groups were around the baseline level, i.e. approximately 20%. The treatments with the Natura-α significantly reduced proteinuria, prevented and reversed glomerular lesions, and improved survival, suggesting this novel STAT3-Y705 inhibitor is a potential SLE inhibitor.
Electrowetting manipulation of any optical film

Electrowetting manipulation of any optical film is reported. A square channel was constructed with four sidewall electrodes, coated with a hydrophobic dielectric, and filled with saline and oil. In a first experiment a dielectric mirror film was suspended between the oil/saline meniscus. Electrowetting at each sidewall produced a saline contact angle change of 35°<θ<170°. This change in contact angle tilted the mirror and ±105° of laser beam deflection was achieved. A second experiment utilized a Mylar film imprinted with a diffraction grating (625lines∕mm). Electrowetting tilting of the grating was shown to alter the diffraction of the laser beam.
Surgical Intervention for Spinal Lesions Due to Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report

Vertebral disease is a main source of morbidity (MM) in individuals with multiple myeloma. The effects of associated osteolytic lesions and vertebral fractures on severe pain, functional limits, spinal deformity, and cord compression are well recognized. Systemic therapy, radiation, cementoplasty (vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty), and radiofrequency ablation are now available therapeutic options for severe MM spinal pain. We here reported a case of a 45-year-old male who had complained of progressive symptoms of pathological spine fractures. He had been examined and investigated for the cause of lytic lesions and found to have multiple fractures in the spine. A computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple osteolytic lesions noted in the thoracolumbar spine, ribs (bilaterally), and pelvic bones. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a compression fracture of the T8 vertebral body with evidence of retro-bulging and a spinal canal narrowing. However, there was no evidence of spinal cord abnormal signal intensity. T2 weighted image (T2WI) keeping with edema is noted. A surgical intervention fixed the fracture and improved the quality of life. Vertebroplasty, a minimally invasive procedure, as a treatment option for vertebral lesions and pathologic fractures in the MM, showed good clinical improvement in the patient.