Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Political Attention in a Single-Leading-Party State: A Comparative Study of the Policy Agenda in China, 2003–2019

Abstract This article explores the political attention of an authoritarian regime from a comparative perspective. Data from daily meetings of the Chinese Communist Party and the State Council from 2003 to 2019 reveal the punctuated characteristics of China’s macropolitical agenda, which is less intensely punctuated than those in democracies. Further, in the absence of party competition and power balance, the authoritarian party uses the “leading group mechanism” to strengthen its leadership’s agenda since this mechanism helps expand the party’s capacity to address governance challenges. Thus, authoritarian resilience must be considered when using political attention theory to analyze China’s agenda-setting pattern.
Evaluating the Relationship between Freight Transport, Economic Prosperity, Urbanization, and CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea

This paper analyzes the relationship between freight transport, economic prosperity, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and urbanization for three top Asian economies, namely, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea during 1995–2017. For this purpose, we use the augmented Dickey-Fuller test for the stationary of the series, Johansen co-integration approach, and fully modified ordinary least squares and Granger causality model to infer the causal relationship between the study variables. The results show that economic prosperity (GDP) and energy consumption (EC) have a significant impact on freight transport (FT) for all three economies. In addition, the results also manifest the existence of bidirectional causality between GDP and FT in Singapore but a unidirectional causality running from GDP to FT in the case of Hong Kong and South Korea. As a quick policy option, controlling fossil fuel energy consumption in the transport sector may result in a remarkable reduction in CO2 emissions. The present study provides new insights to decision-makers for designing comprehensive energy and environmental policies for future sustainable freight transport growth in the long run.
Prevalence of and Predictors for Frequent Utilization of Emergency Department

Abstract Frequent emergency department (ED) users contribute to a disproportionate number of ED visits that consume a substantial amount of medical resources. Additionally, people with frequent ED visits may be at greater risks of illnesses and injury and are vulnerable to even more severe health events. We conducted, based on a nationally representative sample, a population-based study to estimate the prevalence of frequent ED users among all ED users, and to explore factors associated with frequent ED visits. This is a population-based cross-sectional study. Data of 1 million people randomly selected from all beneficiaries of Taiwan's National Health Insurance claim database in 2010 were analyzed to estimate the distribution of ED visit among ED users. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to calculate the independent associations of factors with prevalence of frequent (4-12 ED visits per year) and highly frequent (>12 ED visits per year) ED visits. Of the 1 million beneficiaries 170,475 subjects used ED service in 2010 and 103,111 (60.5%), 37,964 (22.3%), 14,881 (8.7%), 14,041 (8.2%), and 460 (0.3%) subjects had 1, 2, 3, 4 to 12, and more than 12 ED visits, respectively. ED users with 4 to 12 visits and those with >12 visits disproportionally accounted for 24.1% and 3.0%, respectively, of all ED visits in 2010. We noted significant associations of frequent ED visit with a number of factors including socio-demographics, health care utilization, and comorbidity. Among them, the most increased adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was noted for hospitalization during the past year (AOR = 1.85) and younger ages (1–6 years) (AOR = 1.84). On the contrary, the significant predictors for highly frequent ED visit with greater AOR included hospitalization during the past year (AOR = 3.95), >12 outpatient visits during the past year (AOR = 2.66), and a history of congestive heart failure (AOR = 2.64) and psychiatric disorders (AOR = 2.35). People admitted and with frequent outpatient visits were at greater risk of frequent ED visit. Because people with a history of various comorbidities were also vulnerable to become frequent ED users, careful management of those comorbidities by clinicians may help further reduce the likelihood of frequent ED visit.
When is pay for performance related to employee creativity in the Chinese context? The role of guanxi HRM practice, trust in management, and intrinsic motivation

Summary This study aims to provide new insights into the reward–creativity link in the Chinese context by exploring the moderating effect of guanxi human resource management (HRM) practice—reflecting the extent to which HR decisions are influenced by personal relationships in an organization—on the relationship between pay for performance (PFP) and employee creativity. Using two independent samples that were composed of 222 and 216 supervisor–subordinate dyads from Mainland China and Taiwan, we found that the effect of pay for performance on creativity was invariantly moderated by perceived guanxi HRM practice in such a way that when guanxi HRM practice was low, PFP had stronger positive effects on creativity. Furthermore, trust in management, as reduced by guanxi HRM practice, mediated this moderating effect. Moreover, moderated path analysis revealed that intrinsic motivation mediated these moderated relationships among PFP, guanxi HRM practice, trust in management, and creativity. Findings shed light on the processes through which, and the conditions under which, PFP may promote creativity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WHAT IS SEX? STUDENTS' DEFINITIONS OF HAVING SEX, SEXUAL PARTNER, AND UNFAITHFUL SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR

In this study 164 heterosexual Canadian university students were asked about their definitions of the terms having sex, sexual partner, and unfaithful. Students were asked to indicate which from a list of 18 sexual behaviours they would include in their definition of each of the three terms. Significantly more behaviours were included in students' unfaithful definition than were included in the sexual partner definition and significantly more behaviours were included in the sexual partner definition than in the having sex definition. For example, while less than 25% of participants considered oral genital behaviour to be having sex, more than 60% thought that the giver or receiver of oral sex was a sexual partner, and more than 97% considered a partner who had oral sex with someone else to be have been unfaithful. Similarly, while masturbating to orgasm in the presence of another was considered to be having sex by less than 4% of participants, 34% reported that this behaviour was sufficient to consider that person a sexual partner and 95% considered it to be unfaithful. Students were more likely to include a behaviour in their definitions if orgasm occurred than if orgasm did not occur. There were no significant gender differences. Multiple regression analyses revealed that older and less sexually experienced students reported a broader definition of sexual partner than did younger and more sexually experienced students. The implications of these findings for sex research and sexual health promotion are discussed.
Structural Change and Business Cycle: Evidence from Taiwan and Korea

This paper explores the feature of business cycle a cross breaks in Taiwan and Korea. We employed tests devised by Bai and Perron (2003) to show that, for Taiwan’scycle, two breaks are present. In contras t, one break is revealed in the economic restructuring process in K orea. Moreover, the feature of business cycle proce ss across breaks is congruent with the real business cycle theory.
The economic organization of East Asian capitalism

PART ONE: THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Explaining Asian Economic Organization - Nicole Woolsey Biggart Toward a Weberian Institutional Perspective On the Limits of a Firm-Based Theory to Explain Business Networks - Nicole Woolsey Biggart and Gary G Hamilton The Western Bias of Neoclassical Economics Varieties of Hierarchies and Markets - Gary G Hamilton and Robert C Feenstra An Introduction PART TWO: CAPITALISM IN EAST ASIA Explaining Asian Business Success - Nicole Woolsey Biggart and Gary G Hamilton Theory No. 4 Market, Culture, and Authority - Gary G Hamilton and Nicole Woolsey Biggart A Comparative Analysis of Management and Organization in the Far East Organizational Isomorphism in East Asia - Marco Orru, Nicole Woolsey Biggart and Gary G Hamilton Patterns of Interfirm Control in Japanese Business - Marco Orru, Gary G Hamilton and Mariko Suzuki Institutionalized Patrimonialism in Korean Busines - Nicole Woolsey Biggart Organization and Market Processes in Taiwan's Capitalist Economy - Gary G Hamilton PART THREE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS NETWORKS The Institutional Analysis of Capitalist Economies - Marco Orru Institutional Cooperation in Japanese and German Capitalism - Marco Orru The Institutional Logic of Small-Firm Economies in Italy and Taiwan - Marco Orru Dirigiste Capitalism in France and South Korea - Marco Orru
Asymmetric Long Memory Feature in the Volatility of Asian Stock Markets

In this paper, we investigate the asymmetric long memory feature in the volatility of four Asian stock markets, namely Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore. For this purpose, we extend the former contribution of long memory volatility model with the asymmetric feature in terms of the FIEGARCH model. Our study provides several important conclusions. First, we found little evidence of long memory property in the level of returns using the ARFIMA model. However, due to the remaining ARCH effect of the estimated residual, it is found that the ARFIMA model is not a solely perfect model to describe the long memory property. Second, to examine the volatility dynamics of stock returns, we employ various symmetric volatility models. The FIGARCH model outperforms the GARCH and IGARCH models to conclude long memory volatility properties in the Asian stock markets. Third, we consider the asymmetric response of volatility to news using asymmetric volatility models. It appears that the volatility exhibits significant evidence of asymmetric volatility feature due to the leverage effect, volatility feedback effect and asymmetry information among investors. Finally, we examine the long memory volatility process and asymmetric volatility feature simultaneously using the FIEGARCH model. We found that the volatility of all sample returns incorporates the long memory property as well as the asymmetric volatility feature. Overall, our results indicate that there is the asymmetric long memory feature in Asian stock market volatility.
Total quality management in the West, East and Russia: Are we different?

The article is devoted to an analysis of the main differences and similarities in total quality management (TQM) practice in Western, Russian and Asian companies. Analytical results are based on comparative studies of data collected in 12 countries, Russia, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Finland, Estonia, Denmark, Australia, India, Sweden, England and New Zealand, in the 1990s. It is shown in the study that Western and Asian companies have more in common between them than with Russian companies. Russia is standing a bit aside in terms of state-of-the-art leadership style, presenting to some extent double standard ways of running business, inherited from the soviet era. Russian TQM clearly reflects the current transition economy status, but not necessarily inherent national characteristics. Thus, particular emphasis is given in the study to the TQM experience in transitional economies as such, the purpose of this being to point to practical implication in order to help Russian producers and distributors to obtain improved market acceptance and sustainable development.
Sexual behaviours and the risk of head and neck cancers: a pooled analysis in the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium.

BACKGROUND Sexual contact may be the means by which head and neck cancer patients are exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS We undertook a pooled analysis of four population-based and four hospital-based case-control studies from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium, with participants from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, India, Italy, Spain, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russia and the USA. The study included 5642 head and neck cancer cases and 6069 controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) of associations between cancer and specific sexual behaviours, including practice of oral sex, number of lifetime sexual partners and oral sex partners, age at sexual debut, a history of same-sex contact and a history of oral-anal contact. Findings were stratified by sex and disease subsite. RESULTS Cancer of the oropharynx was associated with having a history of six or more lifetime sexual partners [OR = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.54] and four or more lifetime oral sex partners (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.42, 3.58). Cancer of the tonsil was associated with four or more lifetime oral sex partners (OR = 3.36, 95 % CI 1.32, 8.53), and, among men, with ever having oral sex (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09, 2.33) and with an earlier age at sexual debut (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.37, 5.05). Cancer of the base of the tongue was associated with ever having oral sex among women (OR = 4.32, 95% CI 1.06, 17.6), having two sexual partners in comparison with only one (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.19, 3.46) and, among men, with a history of same-sex sexual contact (OR = 8.89, 95% CI 2.14, 36.8). CONCLUSIONS Sexual behaviours are associated with cancer risk at the head and neck cancer subsites that have previously been associated with HPV infection.
Editorial: Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Hip Fracture Surgery: Three-Dose Cefuroxime versus Single-Dose Gentamicin and Amoxicillin

in orthopaedic practice. In this issue, Jettoo et al.1 investigated issues related to (1) single versus multiple doses of antibiotic prophylaxis, (2) adverse effects of multiple dosing, and (3) choice of an appropriate antibiotic. In an attempt to address the concomitant problems of cefuroxime-resistant pathogens and Clostridium difficile infections, the authors’ hospital changed the antibiotic prophylaxis regimen from 3 doses of cefuroxime to a single dose of gentamicin plus amoxicillin. The authors made a historical comparison (2006 and 2008) of 2 groups of hip arthroplasty patients who received these 2 different antibiotic protocols in terms of incidence of C difficile infection, length of hospital stay, use of postoperative antibiotics, and overall 180-day mortality. Without doubt, antibiotic prophylaxis reduces SSI in hip fracture surgery.2,3 A meta-analysis showed a highly significant 45% relative risk reduction with antibiotic usage (p=0.008). The incidence of infection in the treatment group was half that in the controls (5.4% vs. 10.4%), and the number needed to treat was 20.2 Whether a single dose of antibiotics is sufficient compared to antibiotic prophylaxis for 24 to 48 hours is not known. A meta-analysis failed to demonstrate superiority of multiple-dose prophylaxis over a singledose strategy.4 Available data do not show superiority of either regimen in preventing postoperative wound infection.5 The issue remains unresolved because of the relatively low incidence of SSI. A multicentre randomised controlled trial with a large number of patients per arm (over 10 000) is needed to detect small differences.4 Editorial: Antibiotic prophylaxis for hip fracture surgery: three-dose cefuroxime versus single-dose gentamicin and amoxicillin
Why East Asia overtook Latin America : agrarian reform , industrialisation and development

Scholars and policy makers have long debated the causes of the spectacular economic success achieved by the East Asian newly industrialisin g countries (NICs) as well as the lessons that other developing countries can learn from this development experience. Latin America started to industrialise many decades before the East Asian NICs and yet was quickly overtaken by them in the last few decades. This article explores the agrarian roots that may explain the different development trajectory and performance of the East Asian NICs, particularly South Korea and Taiwan, and Latin America. The analysis focuses mainly on three interconnected factors in seeking to understand why the East Asian NICs outperformed Latin America: 1) state capacity and policy performance or ‘statecraft’; 2) character of agrarian reform and its impact on equity and growth; 3) interactions between agriculture and industry in development strategies. Cristóbal Kay is at the Institute of Social Studies, PO Box 29776, 2502 LT The Hague, The Netherlands.
Co-Movements and Systematic Risk of Asian Securitized Real Estate Markets: A Wavelet Analysis

This study expands the wavelet literature by using the continuous wavelet transform based measure to examine the interdependence and systematic risk of nine Asian securitized real estate markets: Australia, China, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan) and the US market, from January 12, 1995 through Jun 23, 2016. The empirical results indicate that both the co-movement relationship and sector’s systematic risk are time-varying and heterogeneous at different scales. We find that diversification opportunities among the real estate markets are diminishing during the two major crises, as scale increases. Moreover, the systematic risk (beta) coefficients of the real estate markets increase during the global financial crisis period and become more stable at lower frequencies. Finally, local stock market returns provide a better proxy of market portfolio for the domestic real estate markets than global stock returns. Our results highlight the importance of considering both time and scale-varying features in co-movement relationship and systematic risk assessment in Asian securitized real estate markets.
What’s new in acne inversa (alias hidradenitis suppurativa)?

Acne inversa (alias acne triad, acne tetrad, pyodermia fistulans sinifica, and hidradenitis suppurativa) is a chronic, suppurative, and cicatricial disorder that affects skin areas rich in apocrine glands, such as the axillae, groin, and perineum. 1,2 The diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on the presence of both sinus tracts and abscesses with a characteristic distribution. These lesions usually respond poorly to antibiotics and tend to recur. Eventually chronic abscess formation with progressive scarring may become constant. Recurrent, foul-smelling discharge from draining sinuses may cause extensive soiling of clothes, forcing the individual to limit social contact and forfeit employment. Attendant physical discomfort may preclude sexual contacts or even walking. Malignant degeneration in chronic sinus tracts is a rare long-term result. Squamous cell carcinomas that arise in chronic scarred and inflamed skin tend to be more aggressive than those resulting from chronic actinic damage and are associated with local invasion or recurrence after excision, distant metastasis, and high mortality. 3
Progress in schistosomiasis control in China.

PURPOSE To briefly review schistosomiasis situation in the past, progress in the control program and problems to be solved. DATA SOURCES Data from literature published at home and abroad on the control and research of schistosomiasis in China in biomedical journals and monographs, and a few data from the Office of Endemic Diseases Control, Ministry of Health, are collected. STUDY SELECTION Information on this topic are screened and the important ones are selected. RESULTS Schistosomiasis in China was serious. Through hard work for control for half decade, great progress has been achieved after implementation of the control program. Control approaches are introduced. Compared with data in the early 1950s, endemic provinces decreased from 12 to 5, infected persons, from more than 10 million to around 865,000, and the areas of Oncomelania snail habitats, from 14 billion m2 to 3.6 billion m2. Proportion of symptomatic patients among those infected has a significant reduction. The national criteria for control and elimination of schistosomiasis in China are introduced. CONCLUSIONS The achievements of schistosomiasis control are tremendous but the tasks in China are arduous. Especially after last year's heavy flood, areas of snail habitats are increasing. To consolidate the success and to put the still endemic areas under control are long-term and arduous tasks confronting China.
The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on world trade

Following on from the Covid global pandemic, the world shared a common hope that international trade would soon get back on track. However, the events of February 2022 created a new reality as the Russian-Ukrainian war impacted on all the aspects of world trade. It is now predicted that world trade will decrease by 1%, which may significantly deepen the impending recession. This article is an attempt at answering the question about the effect that the Russian/Ukranian war has on world trade. The changes that have occurred in the global coal, oil, gas and grain markets are enormous. The war has disrupted global and in particular European supply chains and Russia which was one of the main suppliers of coal to Europe before the introduction of embargos has meant that the countries of the European Union must now find new sources of supply for these essentials . ,Some countries, such as Germany, have, in retrospect, made strategic mistakes by closing some of their coal fired nuclear power plants and now they have to reopen these power plants, which will in turn increase their demand for coal. In addition, most Western European countries have closed their coal mines, which means that they too are now forced to import coal and while coal producers will be able to increase production it will certainly not happen before the winter of 2022 which will clearly make things hard for most European citizens . Additionally, over 50% of gas imported to the EU comes from Russia which can cut supplies off at any moment and Europe is caught in a bind of its own making and does not know how to get out of this clinch. Russia has already cut off gas to some countries, such as Bulgaria, Poland, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Denmark, Latvia and Finland demonstrating the vulnerability of the dependent nations on their main source of supply. Moreover, European countries must find new sources of oil and petroleum-based products because starting at the end of December 2022 there will be an additional embargo imposed on the import of these products from Russia. The war has also disrupted the global grain market because Ukraine is one of largest grain producers in the world. Is Europe in danger of going hungry? Maybe not, but such a disruption to the supply chain can have a devastating effect on Africa. A famine in Africa may destabilize local governments and cause a new wave of immigrants into Europe. Additionally, if there is a real recession combined with high inflation and an increase in unemployment in Europe, the public mood may become radicalized, and it can thus affect the policy of the European Union. Of course, nobody knows for sure what the future will bring. Three years ago, no one thought about a pandemic and hardly anyone thought that Russia would attack Ukraine in 2022. In the face of these changes and many other unknowns, it is difficult to unequivocally predict how these events will affect the world trade of goods.