Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low-cost surface particle image velocimetry for hydraulic model studies

An application of a large-scale PIV technique on a scaled hydraulic model of a hydroelectric powerplant was performed. A detailed study regarding the relationship between the tracer size (paper confetti) and the spatial resolution settings of the statistical correlation program was carried out. The validated parameters and operational procedures were used for the flow characterization in two areas: the spillway approaching area and the tailrace channel. The larger tracer (10 mm diameter) performed better. The manual particle seeding showed to produce negative bias effects in velocity measurements, due to particle agglomeration. The low-cost measurements resulted in velocity field information of a resurgence flow in the tailrace channel measured with only 10 pairs of images. The study showed, as a proof of concept, that hydraulic model studies could easily be complemented with LS-PIV techniques providing spatial and temporal variations of velocity fields for flow analysis with advantages against intrusive point-based measurement techniques.
Sol-Gel Derived Chromium Doped Vanadium Pentoxide Based Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

Abstract Through a simple sol-gel process, chromium doped vanadium pentoxide (V2-xCrxO5-δ, where x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) nanomaterials were synthesized. The XRD data confirmed the occurrence of orthorhombic crystalline structure. FTIR spectra exhibited the presence of V = O and V-O-V along with carbon di oxide and moisture in the samples.The particle diameter was found to be 146-227nm. The SEM results exhibited a sheet like structure. From the electrochemical studies, it was found that V1.95Cr0.05O5-δ electrode has exhibited a specific capacitance of 232.15 Fg−1 at the scan rate of 10 mVS−1. It can be an electrode for supercpacitors.
Classification of high resolution satellite images using spatial constraints-based fuzzy clustering

Abstract A spatial constraints-based fuzzy clustering technique is introduced in the paper and the target application is classification of high resolution multispectral satellite images. This fuzzy-C-means (FCM) technique enhances the classification results with the help of a weighted membership function ( W mf ). Initially, spatial fuzzy clustering (FC) is used to segment the targeted vegetation areas with the surrounding low vegetation areas, which include the information of spatial constraints (SCs). The performance of the FCM image segmentation is subject to appropriate initialization of W mf and SC. It is able to evolve directly from the initial segmentation by spatial fuzzy clustering. The controlling parameters in fuzziness of the FCM approach, W mf and SC, help to estimate the segmented road results, then the Stentiford thinning algorithm is used to estimate the road network from the classified results. Such improvements facilitate FCM method manipulation and lead to segmentation that is more robust. The results confirm its effectiveness for satellite image classification, which extracts useful information in suburban and urban areas. The proposed approach, spatial constraint-based fuzzy clustering with a weighted membership function ( SCFCW mf ), has been used to extract the information of healthy trees with vegetation and shadows showing elevated features in satellite images. The performance values of quality assessment parameters show a good degree of accuracy for segmented roads using the proposed hybrid SCFCW mf -MO (morphological operations) approach which also occluded nonroad parts.
Dynamics of some single flux quantum devices: I. Parametric quantron

In this paper and the following one, the properties of two systems operating with single flux quanta are calculated. The first system is a quantron (a one-junction interferometer) with a Josephson gate as a junction. By a proper change of its critical current in time, the switching of quantron stable states can be controlled by a small external flux much less than Φ o . This "Parametric Quantron" can be used as the basic cell of a Single Quantum Logic System. The most wonderful property of this device is that the energy dissipation during one logical step (PτT factor) can be much less than the thermal energy K B T and is limited by quantum effects only: Pτ2\simg102h.
Synchrotron brightness distribution of turbulent radio jets

In this paper we introduce the notion of radio jets as turbulent mixing regions. We further propose that the essential small-scale viscous dissipation in these jets is by Lighthill emission of MHD waves and by their subsequent strong damping due, at least partly, to gyroresonant acceleration of suprathermal particles. The equilibrium eddy, wave, and particle spectra are not found exactly in this paper but the problem is defined and rough estimates of the spectra are given to aid in the observational interpretation.
Multi-omic dissection of ancestral heat stress memory responses in Brachypodium distachyon

Stressful environmental conditions, including heat stress (HS), are a major limiting factor in crop yield. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant stress memory and resilience is important for engineering more resistant plants and improving crop yield. To study how the different gene regulatory layers change upon repeated HS and how these layers are interconnected, we performed a dense temporal atlas of gene expression, alternative splicing, small and long noncoding RNAs, and DNA methylation in Brachypodium distachyon. Results show that a second HS induces changes in coding and noncoding RNA expression and alternative splicing and that DNA demethylation is responsible for mediating differential gene expression. We identified a long noncoding RNA regulatory network and provided evidence that lncRNAs positively regulate gene expression, while miRNAs are implicated in alternative splicing events. We reconstructed the ancestral heat memory network of flowering plants by comparing the dynamic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon. These findings enhance our understanding of the complex inter-layer cross-talk governing HS resilience and memory and identify novel genes essential for these processes.
Accurate measurement of small inductances or penetration depths in superconductors

A technique for accurately measuring small superconductive inductances is presented. The inductance to be measured is inserted into a two‐junction interferometer into which control current is directly injected. The method was used to measure the penetration depth of a Pb‐In‐Au alloy film and the effect of magnetic field fringing into a narrow superconductive stripline.
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Smiles are a fundamental facial expression for successful human-agent communication. The growing number of publications in this domain presents an opportunity for future research and design to be informed by a scoping review of the extant literature. This semi-automated review expedites the first steps toward the mapping of Virtual Human (VH) smile research. This paper contributes an overview of the status quo of VH smile research, identifies research streams through cluster analysis, identifies prolific authors in the field, and provides evidence that a full scoping review is needed to synthesize the findings in the expanding domain of VH smile research. To enable collaboration, we provide full access to the refined VH smile dataset , key word and author word clouds, as well as interactive evidence maps.
Robot-assisted versus open hepatectomy for liver tumors: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted hepatectomy (RAH) versus open hepatectomy (OH) for liver tumors (LT). Methods: A computer-based literature search was conducted to identify all randomized or nonrandomized controlled trials of RAH and OH in the treatment of LT from January 2000 to July 2022. Study-specific effect sizes and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were combined to calculate the pooled values, using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Results: Eight studies were included, with a combined total of 1079 patients. Compared with the OH group, the RAH group was found to involve less blood loss (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −152.52 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −266.85 to 38.18; p = 0.009), shorter hospital stay (SMD = −2.79; 95% CI = −4.19 to −1.40; p < 0.001), a lower rate of postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] =0.67; 95% CI = 0.47–0.95; p = 0.02), and a lower recurrence rate (OR = 0.42; 95% CI = 0.23–0.77; p = 0.005). However, operative time was longer in the RAH group than in the OH group (SMD = 70.55; 95% CI = 37.58–103.53; p < 0.001). Conclusion: This systematic review shows that RAH is safe and feasible in the treatment of LT.
Analysis for piezoresistive property of heavily-doped polysilicon with upper and lower bounds

This paper proposed an analysis for the piezoresistive property of heavily-doped polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) with upper and lower bounds derived using the fundamental piezoresistive coefficients of single-crystalline silicon (SCS). The analysis is applicable to the polysilicon that the piezoresistive effect in grain boundaries is negligible and the orientations of the SCS grains are completely random. For deriving the upper and lower bounds, the analysis employed two approximation models on the basis of two extreme assumptions of uniform stress and fractional change in resistivity in each SCS grain of polysilicon. The fundamental piezoresistive coefficients of polysilicon derived from these models were successfully defined as the upper and lower bounds, based on the elastic theories in the micromechanics filed. The applicability of the analysis was discussed by comparing the derived upper and lower bounds with the piezoresistive property of heavily-doped polysilicon measured in some previous wor.
Qualitative and Quantitative Optimal Experimental Design for Parameter Identification of a MAP Kinase Model

Abstract Mathematical models ensuring a highly predictive power are of inestimable value in systems biology. Their application ranges from investigations of basic processes in living organisms up to model based drug design in the field of pharmacology. For this purpose simulation results have to be consistent with the real process, i.e, suitable model parameters have to be identified minimizing the difference between the model outcome and measurement data. In this work graph based methods are used to figure out if conditions of parameter identifiability are fulfilled. In combination with network centralities, the structural representation of the underlying mathematical model provides a first guess of informative output configurations. As at least the most influential parameters should be identifiable and to reduce the complexity of the parameter identification process further a parameter ranking is done by Sobol’ indices. The calculation of these indices goes along with a highly computational effort, hence monomial cubature rules are used as an efficient approach of numerical integration. All methods are demonstrated for a well known motif in signaling pathways, the MAP kinase cascade.
Application of Recurrence Rate Techniques to Turbulence Analysis

The random arrival rate of flow-embedded particles measured in the detection volume of a laser anemometer can be processed exactly as the detection events in photon correlation spectroscopy. The relationship between the resulting particle current correlation and the particle velocity and density correlation and structure functions in a turbulent field is analyzed. Experimental studies in jet flow and vortex flow are reported. When applied to fluid density inhomogeneities, the recurrence rate technique can be extended to scattered background light observed through hot flows. It is then possible to obtain a lag-free covariance function of the downstream turbulent velocity in a hot gas jet.
The near-infrared oxygen I lines of the planetary nebula IC 4997

Spectrophotometry from 0.84 to 1.32 microns of the compact planetary nebula (PN) IC 4997 is presented. The O I 11287 A line is found to be comparable in strength to O I 8446 A. This observation, together with the absence of the O I line at 13164 A, indicates that Bowen fluorescence by Ly-alpha is the principal excitation mechanism for these oxygen lines. Although this is believed to be the process which creates the 8446 A line in the hot, partially ionized zones of Seyfert galaxies, such regions are not present in IC 4997. An alternative mechanism in which the O I lines arise from Bowen fluorescence in the cool, neutral shell of gas which surrounds IC 4997 is considered. 28 refs.
Oxygen-enhanced models for globular cluster stars. III - Horizontal-branch sequences

A large grid of horizontal-branch (HB) evolutionary sequences which have been calculated with core expansion and semiconvection and with enhanced oxygen composition are presented and described. Tracks for 10 different metallicities are computed; they range from (Fe/H) = -0.47 to -2.26 and comprise a total of 115 sequences. The evolution is traced from the zero-age horizontal-branch (ZAHB) to the lower AGB at a point where log L/solar luminosity = 2.25. All of the sequences are illustrated on both the theoretical H-R diagram and on the B, V color-magnitude diagram. A complete set of tables for the ZAHB models and a representative sample of tabulations of the track parameters are provided. The phenomena which control HB evolution morphology, and existing certainties in theoretical HB models are discussed.
DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF DENDRITIC ARRAY STABILITY

Stability of a uniformly spaced dendritic array against a spatial period doubling instability was studied through UV thermal perturbations of every other dendrite tip. We observed that above a critical pulling speed the array is stable against these perturbations and we measured decreasing decay rates of the perturbed mode as we approached the critical speed. In the linear regime, our measurements are qualitatively consistent with the Warren-Langer linear stability analysis for a dendritic array [J.thinspA. Warren and J.thinspS. Langer, Phys.thinspthinspRev. thinspthinspA {bold 42}, 3518 (1990); Phys.thinspthinspRev. thinspthinspE {bold 47}, 2702 (1993)], while in the nonlinear regime fitting to a third order amplitude equation shows that the transition is subcritical. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Dynamic behavior of dissolved oxygen under magnetic fields

It is an interesting question whether or not magnetic fields have any influence on dissolved oxygen in living tissues and cells. This study focuses on the behavior of dissolved oxygen under strong magnetic fields of up to 8 T with the gradient of 50 T/m. We used a horizontal type of superconducting magnet. We placed a water chamber in the magnet's bore for 1 hour, then we took it out of the fields to measure the dissolved oxygen concentration. When oxygen gases were introduced into the distilled water to increase oxygen concentration more than 11 mg/l, we observed clear redistribution of dissolved oxygen concentration. The degree of the redistribution was dependent on the dissolved oxygen concentration at the initial condition. Redistribution of dissolved oxygen was not observed in an equilibratory state of oxygen pressure at the air atmosphere. We also observed that the increase and decrease In dissolved oxygen concentration during and after magnetic field exposures exponentially changed. The time constants for the increase and decrease were 17 min-18 min and 7 min-8 min, respectively.
Orbit Determination of the Dawn Spacecraft with Radiometric and Image Data

The orbit of the Dawn spacecraft around asteroid 4 Vesta has been reconstructed using radiometric measurements and image control points. Image control points are introduced as a new measurement type because they constrain the orbit in the along- and crosstrack directions, whereas radiometric measurements provide a stronger constraint in the radial direction. Image control points are available whenever two image footprints on the surface overlap. The measurement uncertainty of images is limited by pixel scale that, in the case of the Dawn mission at Vesta, is between 20 and 150 m/pixel. The obtained image constraint residual root mean square is approximately the pixel scale for all mission phases. Radiometric residual root mean square spanned from 0.07 to 0.44 mm/s for Doppler and from 0.7 to 1.5 m for range measurements. Radiometric and image constraint residual root-mean-square values are comparable to those reported by the Dawn Science Team using independent software and processing methodology. Improv.
Experimental study of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced by cylindrical shock waves

The paper describes the results of holographic interferometric flow visualization of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability induced by cylindrical shock waves propagating across cylindrical interfaces. Experiments were conducted in an annular coaxial vertical diaphragmless shock tube, which can produce converging cylindrical shock waves with minimum disturbances. The shock wave converged and interacted with a cylindrical soap bubble filled with He, Ne, air, Ar, Kr, Xe, or SF6. The soap bubble was placed coaxially in the test section. The effects of density variation on the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability for a wide range of Atwood numbers were determined. Pressure histories at different radii during the shock wave implosion and reflection from the center were measured. Double-exposure holographic interferometry was used and the motion of the converging shock wave and its interaction with the gaseous interface were visualized. The variation of the pressure at the center with interface Atwood number for constant i.
Elastic theory of nucleosomal DNA

In a nucleosome core particle, the DNA is modelled as an intrinsically straight, isotropic elastic rod which is wrapped around a cylindrical protein kernel of a finite height. A general equilibrium equation is derived for an isotropic inhomogeneous DNA, along which the stiffness varies according to the base sequence. The equation is then solved analytically in terms of the elliptic functions and the elliptic integrals for two fundamental cases: (a) a homogeneous DNA with uniform stiffness along its chain is free of any external forces and moments except the uniform binding force on the surface, (b) a DNA, described in case (a), is subject to a number of concentrated bending moments at different binding sites where the DNA orientation is fixed at a specific direction. Rather strikingly, an equilibrium path found in both cases does not progressively wind around the cylindrical kernel like a helix; instead, it either tends toward the axis of the cylinder or oscillates and intersects itself within a finite region of the cylinder. When the binding energy density is greater than the largest possible elastic energy density, the least energy path can be selected from all the equilibrium solutions under the constraints of the finite height of the protein kernel and no self–intersection of the DNA. As a result, the path with the maximum length of no self–intersection on the finite surface has the lowest energy. In the application to the actual nucleosome core particle, the overall shape and total length of the least energy path on the protein surface calculated for case (a) fail to agree with the experimental observations; whereas, when two binding sites are introduced symmetrically about the middle point of the DNA, i.e. case (b), the theoretical predictions are close to those observed in the crystallographic experiments and the extensive enzyme digestion experiments.
Holographic method for capillary induced aberration compensation for 3D tomographic measurements of living cells

In this paper we present a method for numerical correction of phase images captured in a digital holographic microscopy (DHM) setup adapted to tomographic measurement of biological objects. The purpose of the correction is a removal of the object wave deformation associated with a fluid filled fiber capillary, which is used in DHM system to enable manipulation of a specimen. The proposed correction procedure is based on a simple concept of the phase subtraction, preceded by an estimation of the aberration profile using areas of a hologram that have not been affected by the object. The phase subtraction methodology, developed on the ground of the thin element approximation, is very effective in the visual enhancement of phase images; however, its application to quantitative measurement of micro-objects is questionable. Therefore, in this paper we verify the possible use of the phase subtraction methodology in DHM by performing a numerical experiment, supported with the finite difference time domain method (FDTD), which allows us to identify the residual error of the correction. The FDTD computation reveals that the phase subtraction methodology is insufficient to properly remove the influence of a capillary, in particular to compensate for two effects associated with the focusing properties of the aberration: a transversal shift of the image and the change of its magnification. Nevertheless, the possibility of the visual improvement of holographic images of a living human leukemia cell using the outlined method is demonstrated.
Lactobacillus salivarius WZ1 Inhibits the Inflammatory Injury of Mouse Jejunum Caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 by Regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 Inflammatory Pathway and Gut Microbiota

Replacing antibiotics with probiotics has become an important way to safely and effectively prevent and treat some gastrointestinal diseases. This study was conducted to investigate whether Lactobacillus salivarius WZ1 (L.S) could reduce the inflammatory injury to the mouse jejunum induced by Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups with 10 mice in each group. From day 1 to day 14, the control group and the E. coli group were administered with normal saline each day, while the L.S group and the L.S + E. coli group were gavaged with Lactobacillus salivarius WZ1 1 × 108 CFU/mL each day. On the 15th day, the E. coli group and the L.S + E. coli group were intragastrically administered ETEC K88 1 × 109 CFU/mL and sacrificed 24 h later. Our results show that pretreatment with Lactobacillus salivarius WZ1 can dramatically protect the jejunum morphological structure from the changes caused by ETEC K88 and relieve the morphological lesions of the jejunum, inhibiting changes in the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-κB and MyD88 in the intestinal tissue of mice caused by ETEC K88. Moreover, pretreatment with Lactobacillus salivarius WZ1 also increased the relative abundance of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of harmful genera such as Ralstonia and Helicobacter in the gut. These results demonstrate that Lactobacillus salivarius WZ1 can inhibit the inflammatory damage caused by ETEC K88 in mouse jejunum by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/MyD88 inflammatory pathway and gut microbiota.