Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transoceanic-Class Transmission over Step-Index Profile Standard Cladding 4-Core Fibre with Bidirectional Transmission Technology

Transoceanic-class multi-core fibre bidirectional transmission is experimentally demonstrated using step-index profile standard cladding 4-core fibres without trench-assisted pure-silica cores for the first time. 4-SDM/16-WDM channels modulated with 24-Gbaud DP-QPSK are successfully transmitted over 7,000 km with no impact of core-to-core crosstalk.
Temperature Estimation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Support Vector Regression

In recent years, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are widely used in electric vehicles due to the high-power density. The increasing power density of PMSMs can result in the rapid temperature rise, which leads to a negative impact on the machine. The high temperature may lead to weakened winding insulation in the stator slots and the irreversible demagnetization of permanent magnet. In order to avoid overheating running, massive methods aiming to estimate the temperature inside PMSMs are investigated. However, traditional methods like Lumped Parameter Thermal Networks (LPTNs) require massive domain knowledge and accurate parameters. Therefore, a model-free data driven approach based on support vector regression is proposed to estimate the temperature inside the PMSM in this paper.
Investigation of noise-reverberation-robustness of modulation spectral features for speech-emotion recognition

Speech-emotion recognition (SER) in noisy reverber-ant environments is a fundamental technique for real-world ap-plications, including call center service and psychological disease diagnosis. However, in daily auditory environments with noise and reverberation, previous studies using acoustic features could not achieve the same emotion-recognition rates as in an ideal experimental environment (with no noise and no reverberation). To remedy this imperfection, it is necessary to find robust features against noise and reverberation for SER. However, it has been proved that a daily noisy reverberant environment (signal-to-noise ratio is greater than 10 dB and reverberation time is less than 1.0 s) does not affect humans' vocal-emotion recognition. On the basis of the auditory system of human perception, previous research proposed modulation spectral features (MSFs) that contribute to vocal-emotion recognition by humans. Using MSFs has the potential to improve SER in noisy reverberant environments. We investigated the effectiveness and robustness of MSFs for SER in noisy reverberant environments. We used noise-vocoded speech, which is synthesized speech that retains emotional components of speech signals in noisy reverberant environments as speech data. We also used a support vector machine as the classifier to carry out emotion recognition. The experimental results indicate that compared with two widely used feature sets, using MSFs improved the recognition accuracy in 13 of the 26 environments with an average improvement of 11.38%. Thus, MSFs contribute to SER and are robust against noise and reverberation.
Comparison of Nonlinear Observers for the Back Electromotive Force of the Main Exciter of the Brushless Synchronous Starter/Generator

Using the main exciter (ME) as a quasi-resolver to perform sensorless starting control of the brushless synchronous starter/generator (BSSG) is a novel and promising strategy. The back electromotive force (EMF) of ME is essential information for this approach, however, which observer is suitable to obtain the complex sawtooth back EMF stays an open question. In this paper, three advanced nonlinear observers, non-singular fast terminal sliding mode observer (NFTSMO), high gain disturbance observer (HGDO), and high order disturbance observer (HODO), are constructed, and their performance is evaluated by estimation results of the back EMF of ME. Both the simulation and experiment results show that HODO has the best performance.
Dynamic Resource Scheduling Optimization for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications: From Simulation to Experimentation

In this paper, we propose a dynamic and efficient resource scheduling based on Lyapunov's optimization for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications, taking into account the traffic arrival at the network layer, the queue behaviors at the data link layer and the risk that the applied decision might result in packet losses. The trade-off between the resource efficiency, latency and reliability is achieved by the timing and intensity of decisions and is adapted to dynamic scenarios (e.g., random bursty traffic, time-varying channel). Our queue-aware and channel-aware solution is evaluated in terms of latency, reliability outage and resource efficiency in a system-level simulator and validated by an experimental testbed using OpenAirInterface.
Surface brightness and color distributions in blue compact dwarf galaxies. I - Haro 2, an extreme example of a star-forming young elliptical galaxy

The first results of a large-scale program to study the morphology and structure of blue compact dwarf galaxies from CCD observations are presented. The observations and reduction procedures are described, and surface brightness and color profiles are shown. The results are used to discuss the morphological type of Haro 2 and its stellar populations. It is found that Haro 2 appears to be an extreme example of an elliptical galaxy undergoing intense star formation in its central regions, and that the oldest stars it contains were made only about four million yr ago. The missing mass problem of Haro 2 is also discussed. 28 references.
An ADMM-Factorization Algorithm for Low Rank Matrix Completion

In this paper, we propose an Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) based algo-rithm that is taking advantage of factorization for the ﬁxed rank matrix completion problem. The convergence of the proposed algorithm to the KKT point is discussed. Finally, on several classes of test problems, its efﬁciency is compared with several efﬁcient algorithms from the literature
Efficacy of scalp acupuncture for migraine: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Migraine is a disorder that is prevalent worldwide. However, there is still no clear and effective treatment for migraine. Recently, acupuncture as a treatment has been attracting attention and studies have shown the value of scalp acupuncture. Therefore, this protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis was created to assess the evidence of effectiveness and safety of scalp acupuncture in the treatment of migraine. Methods: All published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the following databases will be searched from their inception to September 2022: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), OASIS, Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), Korean Medical Database and NDSL, CiNii (Citation Information by NII), and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), without language restrictions. The data collection and analysis will be conducted independently by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration tool will be used to evaluate the risk of bias by evaluating the available studies. A meta-analysis will be conducted using RevMan V.5. 4 software. Results: The purpose of the proposed systemic review is to systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of scalp acupuncture for the treatment of migraine. Conclusions: To sum up, this review will assess the effectiveness and safety of scalp acupuncture for the treatment of migraine. The results of this review are expected to provide new guidelines for the treatment of migraine. Ethics and dissemination: The review and meta-analysis will not require ethical approval because personal information from individuals will not be involved. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Efficacy and safety of Kanglaite plus EGFR-TKI in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of 13 RCTs

Background: Kanglaite (KLT) is a Chinese medicine antitumor drug independently developed in China, which has been widely used in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of KLT plus epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Methods: Up to September 1, 2022, the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China Science and Technology Journal, and Wanfang were searched, and the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of KLT plus EGFR-TKI in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were included. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Revman5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. Results: A total of 1057 patients were included in 13 RCTs. The results of meta-analysis showed that KLT plus EGFR-TKI could improve the objective response rate (ORR) (risk ratio (RR) confidence interval (CI) [RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.27–1.86, P < . 00001]), the disease control rate (DCR) (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14–1.32, P < .00001), and quality of life (QOL) (RR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.36–2.36, P < .0001) in patients with advanced NSCLC. The percentages of CD3+T cells (standardized mean difference [SMD = 2.37, 95% CI: 0.80–3.93, P = .003]), CD4+T cells (SMD = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.85–1.93, P < .00001), NK cells (SMD = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.88–2.30, P < .0001), and CD4+/CD8+ratio (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.55, P < .0001) were also increased. However, the results of subgroup analysis showed that in patients with EGFR mutation NSCLC, compared with EGFR-TKI alone, KLT plus EGFR-TKI did not significantly increase ORR and DCR (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.88–2.32, P = .15; RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96–1.20, P = .21). In terms of adverse events of drugs, the incidence of diarrhea, rash, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, liver and renal function damage of KLT plus EGFR–TKI was similar to that of EGFR-TKI alone (P > .05). Conclusion: KLT plus EGFR-TKI has some clinical benefits and good safety compared with EGFR-TKI alone in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. However, it seems that patients with EGFR mutations do not get significant clinical benefits, and more high-quality RCTs are needed to prove the efficacy of the combined regimen.
On recent developments on the embedded atom method

A recent modification to the embedding function F(ρ) for bcc Lithium by Yuan et al [10] is here generalised and then characterised by a second order linear differential equation. The structure of the generalised function, unlike the embedding functions used hitherto, is sufficiently rich to allow for a Cauchy discrepancy (C 12 – C 44 ) that may be either positive or negativ Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics Vol. 9 2005: pp. 507-512
Calibration and Downscaling Methods for Quantitative Ensemble Precipitation Forecasts

Abstract Two approaches for downscaling and calibrating error estimates from ensemble precipitation forecasts are evaluated; the two methods are intended to be used to produce flood forecasts based on global weather forecasts in ungauged river basins. The focus of this study is on the ability of the approaches to reproduce observed forecast errors when applied to daily precipitation forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) for a 10-day forecast period. The two approaches are bias correction with spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and an analog technique. Mean forecast errors and skills are evaluated with respect to Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission (TRMM) observations over the Ohio River basin for the period 2002–06 for daily and 5-day accumulations and for 0.25° and 1° spatial resolutions. The Ohio River basin was chosen so that a relatively dense gauge-based observed precipitation dataset could also be used in the evaluation of the two .
The spectroscopic binary eta Andromedae: Determination of the orbit by optical interferometry

We have determined the following orbital elements of the double-lined spectroscopic binary η Andromedae (combined spectral class G8 IIIb) using measurements with the Mark III long baseline optical interferometer on Mt. Wilson: Period P=115.72±0.02d, major axis a=10.37±0.03 milliarcseconds, eccentricity e=0.006±0.002, epoch of periastron T=JD 2448013±2, inclination i=30. °5±0. °4, argument of ascending node Ω=69. °4±0. °6, and argument of periastron ω=215°±7°. The magnitude differences of the two components measured at λλ 800 nm, 550 nm, and 500 nm are 0. m 50±0. m 06, 0. m 55±0. m 08, and 0. m 56±0. m 09, respectively
Single Mode Photonic Crystal Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers

We review the design, fabrication, and performance of photonic crystal vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). Using a periodic pattern of etched holes in the top facet of the VCSEL, the optical cavity can be designed to support the fundamental mode only. The electrical confinement is independently defined by proton implantation or oxide confinement. By control of the refractive index and loss created by the photonic crystal, operation in the Gaussian mode can be insured, independent of the lasing wavelength.
L-functions of number fields and zeta functions of abelian varieties

It was found out in several cases that Hasse’s zeta functions of algebraic curves or of abelian varieties over an algebraic number field can be expressed by Hecke’s L-functions with “ Gr\"ossencharaktere “ of that field.1) It deserves our attention that these phenomena have always presented themselves in connection with arithmetic of abelian extensions of that number field. However, since the relation of Hasse’s functions with abelian extensions was not so direct in the proofs of these results, which have been done from different angles, it would be desirable to clearify the relation between Hasse’s functions and abelian extensions attached to abelian varieties in question, treating all cases from a unified point of view. This is the first problem. In pursuing this problem, I have succeeded in obtaining a new interpretation of Hasse’s functions in general, and in characterizing under which particular conditions the above phenomena take place. On the other hand, “ Gr\"ossencharaktere ” can be interpreted as characters of id\‘ele class groups, so it seems natural that they have some connection with abelian varieties related to abelian extensions of the basic fields. However, as class field theory shows, it is not the id\‘ele class group, but the factor group of it by the connected component of the identity, that can be interpreted by the Galois group of the maximally abelian extension. The above phenomena suggest conversely the possibility of an interpretation of characters of id\‘ele class group by something connected with abelian extensions. To find out such an interpretation is a problem, first proposed by A. Weil [4], which seems no less important than the above.
Prototype optically interconnected multichip module based on computer-generated hologram technology

The development of an optical interconnected multichip module (MCM) is underway at UNC- Charlotte. The approach is to use optical interconnects within a digital multichip module for connections that are longer than a certain length (break even line length). For these connections the optical link dissipates less power than the corresponding electrical link. One of the main goals of this project is to develop a technology for optical interconnects that can be implemented with minimal modification to current devices. We are currently in the process of developing a series of MCM systems. System 1 will be a testbed that enables testing of hologram encoding techniques, alignment tolerances, optical link efficiency, and thermal properties. System 2 will use the knowledge gained in the development of system 1 to build a small functional system to demonstrate the technology.
Will dust black out SN 1987A

This paper examines the prospects for the formation, survival, and detection of dust in the ejecta of SN 1987A. The formation of dust will have immediate implications on the spectral analysis of the ejecta, as the dust may obscure the visual and UV output of any pulsar that may have formed in the explosion. A roughly 20 solar mass progenitor star can produce about 1 solar mass of supernova condensates. Supernovae will then constitute a major source of dust, equaling the combined output of all other sources. The detection of this dust in SN 1987A will be a significant addition to the incomplete picture we now have of the presence of isotopic anomalies in the solar system, and of the origin and evolution of dust in the interstellar medium. 36 references.
Second-harmonic generation from individual surface defects under local excitation

Enhancement of optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) at individual defects on metal surface has been studied. SHG has been excited locally at chosen defects using a near-field optical microscope with an uncoated fiber tip. SH intensity enhancement up to ten times has been observed at the apex of micron size defects on a gold surface while the average enhancement is of about 1.2 times. Observed SHG enhancement has been described by lightning rod effect. Specific features of SHG enhancement due to local excitation are briefly discussed.
Preparation and Properties of Ge Microcrystals Embedded in SiO2 Glass Films

Ge microcrystals were successfully doped into SiO2 glass films by the rf magnetron sputtering technique. The dependence of the average size of Ge microcrystals on substrate temperature and annealing time was discussed. The optical absorption spectra of Ge microcrystals clearly exhibited the blue shift compared with a bulk Ge crystal, which seems to be due to a quantum size effect.
A new approach to anomaly detection in hyperspectral images

Anomaly detection in hyperspectral imagery is a potentially powerful approach for detecting objects of military interest because it does not require atmospheric compensation or target signature libraries. A number of methods have been proposed in the literature, most of these require a parametric model of the background probability distribution to be estimated from the data. There are two potential difficulties with this. First a parametric model must be postulated which is capable of describing the background statistics to an adequate approximation. Most work has made use of the multivariate normal distribution. Secondly the parameters must be estimated sufficiently accurately - this can be problematic for the covariance matrix of high dimensional hyperspectral data. In this paper we present an alternative view and investigate the capabilities of anomaly detection algorithms starting from a minimal set of assumptions. In particular we only require the background pixels to be samples from an independent and identically distributed (iid) process, but do not require the construction of a model for this distribution. We investigate a number of simple measures of the 'strangeness' of a given pixel spectra with respect to the observed background. An algorithm is proposed for detecting anomalies in a self-consistent way. The effectiveness of the algorithms is compared with a well-known anomaly detection algorithm from the literature on real hyperspectral data sets.
Timing of contextual nasalization in two languages

Coarticulatory patterns in nasality in two West African languages—Akan and Efik—will be described. These languages make different phonological use of the feature (nasal). Nasality is determined from nasal and oral airflow as recorded with a Rothenburg split mask. The focus is on the timing of contextual nasalization; in particular, the coarticulatory effects of nasal consonants on adjacent vowels that are not contrastively (+ nasal). These effects are said to vary depending on the phonological use of nasality in a language. In Akan, there is an oral/nasal contrast on vowels, even in the environment of nasal consonants; thus contextual nasalization may be limited, so as to preserve the phonemic contrast. In Efik, there is no such contrast on vowels, so contextual nasalization of vowels may be more extensive, beginning earlier, and ending later, as has been reported elsewhere for English. Data for several speakers of each language will be discussed. [Work supported by NSF. ]
Maximal Invariant and Weakly Equivariant Estimators

Equivariant functions can be useful for constructing of maximal invariant statistic. In this article, we discuss construction of maximal invariants based on a given weakly equivariant function under some additional conditions. The theory easily extends to the case of two or more weakly equivariant functions. Also, we derive a maximal invariant statistic when the group contains a sharply transitive and a characteristic subgroup. Finally, we consider the independence of invariant and weakly equivariant functions under some special conditions.
Comprehensive study of the resistivity of copper wires with lateral dimensions of 100 nm and smaller

Copper wires were prepared in a silicon oxide matrix using the methods of semiconductor manufacturing and were electrically characterized. The width of the smallest structure was 40 nm and of the largest, 1000 nm; the heights were 50, 155, and 230 nm. Many samples of each size have been measured in order to perform a systematic investigation. The resistivity of the sample was extracted using the temperature coefficient of resistance. A significant increase in the resistivity was found for the small structures (roughly a factor 2 for 50-nm width). A model based on physical parameters was used in the analysis of the electrical data and very good agreement was obtained. The sensitivity of the various model parameters obtained by a best-fit procedure to the experimental data has been investigated. The impact of width and height on the resistivity, the influence of electron scattering at grain boundaries compared to surface scattering, and the impact of grain sizes and impurities will be discussed in detail.
Maximum—Entropy Moments—Based Approximations of the Cramér–Rao Bound

In parametric estimation problems, under the appropriate hypotheses the Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) gives the greatest lower bound of the variance of any unbiased estimator. To compute the CRB it is necessary to know the distribution of the concerned random variables, but in some practical situations this distribution may not be known. In this work we present an approximation to the CRB when only some low order moments of the random variables are known. This approximation is obtained by finding the maximum entropy solution to the moment problem. An alternative approximation is introduced, which makes use of the expression derived for the maximum entropy distribution, but it does not require solving the moment problem, which is the most computationally demanding task in the first approximation.We present some examples to compare the true CRB and the proposed approximations. As expected, the approximations seem to converge to the real bound when an increasing number of moments is used. For the studied cases a go.