Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Daniel's knee injuries : ligament and cartilage structure, function, injury, and repair

I. DEDICATION II. PREFACE III. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IV. CONTENTS SECTION 1: STRUCTURE 1 Anatomy Robert T. Burks and Mark G. Luker 2 The Knee as a Biologic Transmission Scott F. Dye 3 Ligament Biochemistry and Physiology Monti Khatod and David Amiel 4 Effects of Anatomic and Developmental Variation on Evaluation and Treatment of Knee Conditions Glenn C. Terry and Stephanie Silberberg SECTION 2: FUNCTION 5 Mobility of the Knee John O'Connor, Jennifer Feikes, Richie Gill, and Amy Zavatsky 6 Ligament Cutting Studies: Methodology Eric C. McCarty, Clemente Ibarra, Peter A. Torzilli, and and Results Russell F. Warren 7 Ligament Mechanics: Structural Behavior and Material Properties of Normal and Injured Ligaments Nigel G. Shrive, Gail M. Thornton, David A. Hart, and Cyril B. Frank 8 Articular Cartilage its Exacting Characteristics: The Benchmark for all Attempts to Achieve Articular Cartilage Regeneration or Repair Wayne H. Akeson 9 Joint Mechanoreceptors and Knee Function Tom Hogervorst, Richard A. Brand 10 Stability of the Knee John O'Connor, Amy Zavatsky, and Richie Gill 11 Ligment Injury and Repair Monti Khatod, Wayne H. Akeson, and David Amiel 12 Cell Adhesion and the Signaling Biology of Ligament Healing K-L. Paul Sung, Wayne H. Akeson, and Adam H. Hsieh 13 Arthrofibrosis the Mechanism of Proliferative Scar Production and Potential Therapeutic Remedies to Modulate the Healing Response Wayne H. Akeson 14 Cartilage Therapies: Chondrocyte Constance R. Chu Transplantation, Osteochondral Allografts and Autografts 15 Meniscus Injury and Repair Albert Tsai and Robert A. Pedowitz 16 Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis Richard L.Lieber 17 In-Vivo Measurement of ACL and ACL Graft Strain Braden C. Fleming, Bruce D. Beynnon, Per A. Renstrom, and Robert J. Johnson SECTION 3: INJURY AND REPAIR: CLINICAL 18 Epidemiology of Knee Ligament Injury William Ohara, Liz W. Paxton, and Donald C. Fithian 19 Diagnosis of Ligament Injury: Part A: History and Physical Exam William F. Luetzow Part B: Imaging Paul N. Grooff, Jean P. Schils, and Donald L. Resnick Part C: Instrumented Laxity Studies Donald C. Fithian, Mary Lou Stone, and Mark D. Shaieb 20 The Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Knee: Natural History and the Effects of Non-Surgical Treatment Donald C. Fithian David H. Goltz, and T. Tadashi Funahashi 21 Principles of Surgery: Part A: Graft Choices and the Biology of Graft Healing Choll W. Kim and Robert A. Pedowitz Part B: Anatomic Placement and Fixation John W. Miles Part C: ACL Reconstruction: Techniques Past and Present Peter D. Laimins and Scott E. Powell 22 Rehabilitation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction K. Donald Shelbourne and Thomas E. Klootwyk 23 Treatment of Specific Injuries: Part A: Collateral Ligament Injuries T. Tadashi Funahashi, Diane C. Hillard-Sembell, and Donald C. Fithian Part B: Isolated and Combined PCL and Posterolateral Corner Injuries: Evaluation and Management Christopher C. Annunziata, J. Robert Giffin,
Smart Card Handbook

From the Publisher: The boom in smart card technology reflects the medium's broad solutions potential. Embedded with a sophisticated microprocessor, smart cards offer unparalleled memory capacity and data encryption capability. From providing secure access to the Internet and mobile radio networks to performing security-sensitive financial transactions in credit card schemes, the Electronic Purse and Pay TV systems, smart card technology is now a multi-billion dollar industry. The Smart Card Handbook presents a state-of-the-art overview of the technology from fundamental information processing through design, manufacture and operation of smart card schemes. Written in a highly accessible style the Smart Card Handbook meets the needs of both novice and expert. This is an essential reference for computer and electronics engineers and students in microchip design and security system development. For professionals developing smart card products, this unique reference will provide an invaluable insight to all the facets of this sophisticated technology.
Hurricanes of 1992: Lessons Learned and Implications for the Future

In 1992, Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki devastated portions of Florida, Louisiana, and Hawaii causing over $35 billion in damages and the loss of 38 lives. Hurricane Andrew, which accounted for $32 billion of the damages, has been called the most costly natural disaster in the history of the U.S. During the same year, Typhoon Omar caused over $0.5 billion in damages on the U.S. territory of Guam. The dollar damages resulting from the Hurricanes of 1992 were six times those caused by Hurricane Hugo in 1989. These proceedings, Hurricanes of 1992 , contains papers presented at a conference in Miami, Florida, December 1-3, 1993 dealing with Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki, and Typhoon Omar. The papers were selected to represent a broad cross-section of interests related to civil engineering and wind storms. Topics presented include: 1) Wind speeds and wind loads; 2) risk assessment; 3) insurance; 4) damage assessment; 5) building codes; 6) building code implementation and enforcement; 7) coastal structures; 8) manufactured, residential, and commercial structures; 9) essential facilities; and 10) lifelines.
SLIP-SLIDIN' AWAY

The article describes how technology eases the job of fighting ice and snow. It is noted that the best way to cut the cost of ice and snow removal is to minimize the need for it by reducing the buildup of snow on roads and/or avoid false alarms. It is described how snow fences are an effective means of keeping highways clear. Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) studies show that the fence must be at least 8 feet high, have a gap between the bottom of the fence and the ground equal to 10 - 15 % of the fence height, and be placed at a distance of at least 35 times the height of the fence. Sensors embedded in roads tell when the temperature of a road falls below freezing and when ice or snow begins to accumulate. Their use in Indianopolis is described. Recent research to develop a snow scoop that attaches to a conventional plow blade is described. Simulations show a 20% reduction in the energy and fuel used by a plow truck. A coarse grained top pavement layer that absorbs water and helps to keep it off the road, a 'popcorn,' pavement is also noted.
Congestion Alleviation by Optimal Placing of Renewable Energy Generator in Power System Network using Stochastic Optimization Techniques

This paper peculiarly narrates about the optimal location of the renewable electrical generator along with minimizing the cost of generation. The aim of optimal congestion management is achieved by the suitable placement of the renewable electrical generator through PSO and VEPSO optimization technique. The renewable energy source boasts to be a vital and cost-free source for generating energy in the deregulated electricity network. Renewable energy generator (REG) location is identified on the minimum losses of the system thereby reducing the cost of generation. The approach is simulated and the results demonstrate the optimal location of REG and cost of generation in the 6 bus test system, IEEE- 14- bus and IEEE- 30 bus system.
Postural Stability While Holding Loads in Various Postures

Stability while handling loads is an important issue in the prevention of injuries. This study investigated the effects of load positioning on recovery from an unexpected balance disturbance while standing upright holding loads. Fifteen subjects were tested while holding a box in one of five postures. An empty box and a 25 lb box were tested. Subjects stood on a posture platform while perturbations of the supporting surface were induced. Postural sway was recorded via center of pressure displacements calculated from three dimensional foot forces. It was found that laden standing with the heavier load resulted in increased sway magnitude and slower sway velocities than unladen standing. The load position also affected stability. Raising the center of gravity of the body-and-load system appears to increase sway. These results require consideration when designing safe material handling tasks, especially if the supporting surface is unstable or if slip potential is present.
Stability Analysis of Networked Control Systems with Multi-Packet Dropout based on Switched System Approach

Networked control system models with packet dropout in multi-packet transmission were established under hypothetical conditions in this paper, and the system was seen as a switched system. The causes of packet dropout in networked control system are analyzed in view of single-packet transmission and multi-packet transmission respectively. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, the property of the networked control system with multi-packet dropout was analyzed from the point of view of an asynchronous dynamic system. The method which determined the multi-packet dropout boundary to keep the system steady was given. The simulation results show the influences of multi-packet dropout on the system performance and prove the validity of the analytical method proposed in this paper.
The Problem

This chapter reviews how empiricist philosophy shaped the dominant outside-in thinking in neuroscience that gave rise to the perception-decision-action framework. In contrast, the inside-out framework takes action as the primary source of knowledge. Action validates the meaning and significance of sensory signals by providing a second opinion. The chapter also compares the relationship between “blank slate” and preconfigured brain models. It describes the brain as a sort of “dictionary” with preexisting internal dynamics and syntactical rules, filled initially with nonsense neuronal words. These nonsense words acquire significance for the animal through exploratory action and represent a distinct event or situation. Preconfigured neuronal networks can generalize and provides fast and “good-enough” solutions under many situations, while detailed and precise computation mobilizes a large fraction of brain resources.
Improved Partnership Working for Local Authority Transport Planning

Diverse perspectives need to be brought together to facilitate the organisational delivery of more sustainable transport plans and policies. This necessitates close-working partnerships and good cross-sector learning. This paper looks at the rationales for design of, and anticipated roles for, two tools to assist this process: one a guide to cross-sector and intra-organisational partnership working written specifically for local authority transport practitioners; and the other an online framework within which practitioners can better identify and utilise other products from the research programme. Whilst grounded in UK research and experience, the lessons learned are generic to the European context. The paper also investigates the success of DISTILLATE’s own interdisciplinary approach and relates this to the literature, in particularly to the idea of ‘double loop learning’ by which individuals and organisations (research and practitioner) can acquire the new knowledge necessary to make the step-change towards more sustainable transport systems and practices. This is followed by a discussion of the implications of this for supporting decision-making more widely in the field of transport and infrastructure.
Eye-Gaze Input System Suitable for Use under Natural Light and Its Applications Toward a Support for ALS Patients

Recently, eye-gaze input systems have been developed as novel human–machine interfaces [1-10]. Their operation requires only eye movements by the user. Based upon such systems, many communication aids have been developed for people with severe physical disabilities, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Eye-gaze input systems commonly employ noncontact eye-gaze detection for which an incandescent, fluorescent, or LED lamp can be used as the source of infrared or natural light. Detection based on infrared light can detect eye gaze with a high degree of accuracy [1-3] but requires an expensive device. Detection based on natural light uses ordinary devices and is therefore cost-effective [4,5]. However, an eye-gaze input system for natural light has a low degree of accuracy.
Humanoid Robot and Human Interaction: Emointelligence Equation I = T × Eα ×ε

Emointelligence of Animals, Humans and Humanoid Robots do have many common rules and algorithms, but the question is, whether the potentially existing Emointelligence of Humanoid Robots has an implication on the interaction between them and Humans as well as Animals or not. This manuscript is intended to study, discuss and interpret the Emointelligence equation for Animals, Humans and Humanoid Robots I T E ε = × × (I: Intelligence or Innovation, T: Time, E: Emotion, : Exponent and : Factor). By applying the Emointelligence equation on Humanoid Robot (HR) HR HR HR I T E α ε × = × and by looking for their possible interaction with Humans and Animals, we attempt to introduce an innovative concept, called emotion mirroring on Humanoid Robots”: Door 1, which is related to emotion modulation: E varies with Door 1 position in Human. In contrast, Humanoid robots could have a near zero Emotion or just mirrored emotions (residual Human emotions from control programs algorithms). Door 2, which is related to logic and innovation: I vary Door 2 position by Humans. Interestingly, Humanoid robots may have a mirror images of I and E, due to their control programs, which are implemented by humans.
Special microbial processes

This reference work describes the state of Biotechnology and serves as a guide to the original literature. It spans the entire field from basic concepts to industrial applications and deals with a wide spectrum of applications. These range from the production of enzymes, biomass, and primary and secondary products of microbial metabolism to the production of foods and feeds, sewage disposal, and other microbial degradations. Volumes 1 and 2 explain the basic concepts of microbial science and bioengineering. The third and fourth volumes describe the industrially important products of microbial metabolism, as well as the production of biomass. The fifth volume deals with the production of foods and feeds with the aid of microbes. Volumes 6A and 6B cover microbial transformations and special microbial processes. Volume 8 deals with biodegradations. The series is intended for microbiologists, biochemists, bioengineers, chemical engineers, and food and pharmaceutical chemists working in industry, academia, and the public sector. A subscription price is available for those signing up for the whole series.
Decision support systems for the management of grazing lands: emerging issues

Decision Support Systems for the Management of Grazing Lands demonstrates how decision support systems can be used in helping with the management of complex environments. Drawing on case studies and recent experience, the book aims to inform scientists, academic and research administrators, granting foundations, international development agencies, and international lending organizations of current DSS development and to foster additional research and training in this area.
Non-parametric anomaly detection in sentiment time series data

The importance of finding extreme events or unexpected patterns has increased over the last two decades, mainly due rapid advancements in technology. These events or patterns are referred to as anomalies. This thesis focuses on detecting anomalies in form of sudden peaks occurring in time series generated from online text analysis in Gavagai’s live environment. To our knowledge there exist a limited number of sequential peak detection models applicable in this domain. We introduce a novel technique using the Local Outlier Factor model as well as a model built on simple linear regression with a Bayesian error function, both operating in real-time. We also study a model based on linear Poisson regression. With the constraint from Gavagai that the models should be easy to setup for different targets, it requires them to be non-parametric. The Local Outlier Factor model and the simple linear regression model show promising results comparing them to Gavagai’s current working model. All models were tested on 3 datasets representing 3 different sentiment targets; positivity, negativity and frequency. Not only do our models superiorly succeed to detect the anomalies, but also they do so with fixed parameters independent of target looked at. This means that our models have lower error rate even though they are non-parametric constructed, compared to Gavagai’s current model that requires tuning per target of interest to operate with sufficient accuracy.
Product development performance : strategy, organization, and management in the world auto industry / Kim B. Clark, Tahahiro Fujimoto

Introduction The Framework: An Information Paradigm Competition and Product Development in the World Auto Industry Performance of Product Development Process and Organization in Product Development Project Strategy: Managing Complexity Manufacturing Capability in Product Development Integrating Problem Solving Cycles Realizing Product Concepts in Product Design Overall Patterns of Effective Product Development The Future of Product Development in the Auto Industry General Management Implications in Product Development.
Closing the loop: towards strategic defence management

How do defence-organisations (or organisations with comparable profiles) of other countries map out policy goals and how are policy goals related to activities and capabilities and the required financial means, and finally how does the feedback loop on the performance in all these areas take place? To answer this question, the The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies (HCSS) - in close cooperation with representatives from the Netherlands Defence Organisation (NDO)i - studied the planning processes of five defence organisations (Australia, Belgium, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom) and of one non-defence organisation, the World Food Programme. The HCSS team faithfully followed the protocol for such benchmarking studies that was developed by TNO for the MoD.
Random seas and design of maritime structures

Evolution of Design Method Against Random Waves Statistical Properties and Spectral of Sea Waves Transformation and Deformation of Random Sea Waves Design of Breakwaters Design of Coastal Dikes and Seawalls Probabilistic Design of Harbor Facilities Harbor Tranquility and Vessel Mooring Hydraulic Model Tests with Random Waves Theoretical Description of Random Sea Waves Statistical Theory of Irregular Waves Techniques of Random Wave Analysis 2D Computation of Wave Transformation with Random Breaking and Nearshore Currents Statistical Analysis of Extreme Waves Prediction and Control of Beach Deformation Processes.
Short sea shipping in North America: understanding the requirements of Atlantic Canadian shippers

This research examines the potential for short sea shipping services on the east coast of North America, and focuses on the factors that freight shippers use to choose a transport mode. While there is significant literature available on modal choice and carrier selection, very little examines the effect of splitting the business on the choice that shippers specifically make between short sea and trucking options. Contrary to existing literature, we find that shippers’ perceptions of short sea are favourable in this market. We also identify a new method of collecting data on how companies split business in these decisions.
Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is a high affinity transporter capable of exporting lactate in high-lactate microenvironments

Monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) is an H+-coupled symporter highly expressed in metastatic tumors and at inflammatory sites undergoing hypoxia or the Warburg effect. At these sites, extracellular lactate contributes to malignancy and immune response evasion. Intriguingly, at 30–40 mm, the reported Km of MCT4 for lactate is more than 1 order of magnitude higher than physiological or even pathological lactate levels. MCT4 is not thought to transport pyruvate. Here we have characterized cell lactate and pyruvate dynamics using the FRET sensors Laconic and Pyronic. Dominant MCT4 permeability was demonstrated in various cell types by pharmacological means and by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion. Respective Km values for lactate uptake were 1.7, 1.2, and 0.7 mm in MDA-MB-231 cells, macrophages, and HEK293 cells expressing recombinant MCT4. In MDA-MB-231 cells MCT4 exhibited a Km for pyruvate of 4.2 mm, as opposed to >150 mm reported previously. Parallel assays with the pH-sensitive dye 2′,7′-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) indicated that previous Km estimates based on substrate-induced acidification were severely biased by confounding pH-regulatory mechanisms. Numerical simulation using revised kinetic parameters revealed that MCT4, but not the related transporters MCT1 and MCT2, endows cells with the ability to export lactate in high-lactate microenvironments. In conclusion, MCT4 is a high-affinity lactate transporter with physiologically relevant affinity for pyruvate.
Comprehensive performance metrics for Complex Fenestration Systems using a relative approach

Buildings account for over 40% of the energy consumption in the United States, nearly 40% of which is attributed to lighting. The selection of a fenestration system for a building is a critical decision as it offsets electric lighting use as well as impacts energy performance through heating and cooling systems. Further, the fenestration system contributes to both occupant comfort and ambiance of the space. Complex Fenestration Systems (CFS) address these factors with a variety of innovative technologies but the language to describe, discuss, and compare them does not exist. Existing traditional metrics for fenestration systems are unable to reveal the benefits that characterize complex fenestration systems because they are rigid, do not reflect annual performance, and were developed for a different purpose. The framework presented in this research offers a solution to this problem by using an annual climate-based methodology to provide a comprehensive evaluation of a system by incorporating three of the most relevant performance aspects: energy efficiency, occupant visual comfort, and ability to view through. Three metrics, the Relative Energy Impact (REI), the Extent of Comfortable Daylight (ECD), and the View Through Potential (VTP), were derived from these three criteria to express, in relative terms, a facade’s contribution to building energy use, comfortable daylight conditions, and the degree of transparency, respectively. Several practical matters were considered when developing a policy-relevant set of metrics, including both ease of calculation for manufacturers and usability for consumers. As such, the calculation methodology evolved from its initial proposal into a simplified approach, analytical where possible, and into a label-like concept for visual representation. These metrics are intended to exist as a mechanism by which manufacturers can evaluate and compare facade systems, provide high-level intuition of relative performance for designers and contractors, and enable the balance of performance objectives based on user preference. Ultimately, the creation of this comprehensive language is intended to stimulate innovation in fenestration systems and encourage their use in both new and retrofit building applications.
Elements of Software Process Assessment & Improvement

From the Publisher: Elements of Software Process Assessment and Improvement reviews current assessment practices, experiences, and new research trends in software process improvement. Revised chapters expanded from articles in The Software Process Newsletter of the IEEE Computer Society Technical Council on Software Engineering, describe the improvement cycle in detail from diagnosing an organization, establishing a business case, and changing elements within a process to final evaluation.