Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Case Study: Applying Decision Focused Learning in the Real World

Many real world optimization problems with underlying unknown model parameters are solved using the predict-then-optimize framework. In particular, a model is learnt to first predict the parameters of the optimization problem, which is subsequently solved using an optimization algorithm. However, this approach maximises for the predictive accuracy rather than the quality of the final solution. Decision Focused Learning (DFL) solves this objective mismatch by integrating the optimization problem in the learning pipeline. Previous works have only shown the applicability of DFL in simulation settings. In our work, we consider the optimization problem of scheduling limited live service calls in Maternal and Child Health Awareness Programs and model it using Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMAB). In collaboration with an NGO, we conduct a large-scale field study consisting of 9000 beneficiaries for 6 weeks and track key engagement metrics in a mobile health awareness program. To the best of our knowledge this is the first real world study involving Decision Focused Learning. We demonstrate that beneficiaries in the DFL group experience statistically significant reductions in cumulative engagement drop, while those in the Predict-then-Optimize group do not. This establishes the practicality of use of decision focused learning for real world problems. We also demonstrate that DFL learns a better decision boundary between the RMAB actions, and strategically predicts parameters which contribute most to the final decision outcome.
On the Steinness of strongly convex K ¨ a hler Finsler manifolds

In this paper, we study Steinness of nonpositively or nonnegatively curved strongly convex Kähler Finsler manifolds. In particular, we prove that every strongly convex Kähler Finsler manifold with a pole and nonpositive bisectional curvature must be Stein. In addition, every complete noncompact and strongly convex Kähler Berwald manifold is Stein if it has positive ﬂag curvature everywhere, or it has nonnegative ﬂag curvature and everywhere positive holomorphic bisectional curvature.
A new method for estimation and model selection: -estimation

The aim of this paper is to present a new estimation procedure that can be applied in various statistical frameworks including density and regression and which leads to both robust and optimal (or nearly optimal) estimators. In density estimation, they asymptotically coincide with the celebrated maximum likelihood estimators at least when the statistical model is regular enough and contains the true density to estimate. For very general models of densities, including non-compact ones, these estimators are robust with respect to the Hellinger distance and converge at optimal rate (up to a possible logarithmic factor) in all cases we know. In the regression setting, our approach improves upon the classical least squares in many respects. In simple linear regression for example, it provides an estimation of the coefficients that are both robust to outliers and simultaneously rate-optimal (or nearly rate-optimal) for a large class of error distributions including Gaussian, Laplace, Cauchy and uniform among others. B Y. Baraud baraud@unice.fr L. Birgé lucien.birge@upmc.fr M. Sart mathieu.sart@univ-st-etienne.fr 1 UMR 7351, LJAD, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, 06100 Nice, France 2 UMR 7599, LPMA, Case courrier 188, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France 3 UMR 5208, Institut Camille Jordan, Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
The Cauchy problem for D -modules on Ran spaces

We will adopt an elementary approach to D -modules on Ran spaces in terms of two-limits; the aim here is to deﬁne the category of coherent D -modules, characteristic vari-etiesandnon-characteristicmaps.AnapplicationwillbetheproofoftheCauchy–Kowaleski–Kashiwaratheoreminthissetting.
Extendability and the @ operator on the Hartogs triangle

In this paper it is shown that the Hartogs triangle T in C 2 is a uniform domain. This implies that the Hartogs triangle is a Sobolev extension domain. Furthermore, the weak and strong maximal extensions of the Cauchy-Riemann operator agree on the Hartogs triangle. These results have numerous applications. Among other things, they are used to study the Dolbeault cohomology groups with Sobolev coefﬁcients on the complement of T
Kolmogorov similarity hypotheses for scalar fields: sampling intermittent turbulent mixing in the ocean and galaxy

Kolmogorov’s three universal similarity hypotheses are extrapolated to describe scalar fields like temperature mixed by turbulence. The analogous first and second hypotheses for scalars include the effects of Prandtl number and rate-of-strain mixing. Application of velocity and scalar similarity hypotheses to the ocean must take into account the damping of active turbulence by density stratification and the Earth’s rotation to form fossil turbulence. By the analogous Kolmogorov third hypothesis for scalars, temperature dissipation rates X averaged over lengths r > LK should be lognormally distributed with intermittency factors σ2 that increase with increasing turbulence energy length scales LO as σ2lnr ≈ μθ ln(LO/r). Tests of kolmogorovian velocity and scalar universal similarity hypotheses for very large ranges of turbulence length and timescales are provided by data from the ocean and the galactic interstellar medium. These ranges are from 1 to 9 decades in the ocean, and over 12 decades in the interstellar medium. The universal constant for turbulent mixing intermittency μθis estimated from oceanic data to be 0.44 ± 0.01, which is remarkably close to estimates for Kolmogorov’s turbulence intermittency constant μ of 0.45 ± 0.05 from galactic as well as atmospheric data. Extreme intermittency complicates the oceanic sampling problem, and may lead to quantitative and qualitative undersampling errors in estimates of mean oceanic dissipation rates and fluxes. Intermittency of turbulence and mixing in the interstellar medium may be a factor in the formation of stars.
Local Equivalence of Representations of Diff + ( S 1 ) Corresponding to Different Highest Weights

: Let c , h and c , ˜ h be two admissible pairs of central charge and highest weight for Diff + ( S 1 ) . It is shown here that the positive energy irreducible projective unitary representations U c , h and U c , ˜ h of the group Diff + ( S 1 ) are locally equivalent. This means that for any I (cid:2) S 1 open proper interval, there exists a unitary operator W I such that W I U c , h (γ ) W ∗ I = U c , ˜ h (γ ) for all γ ∈ Diff + ( S 1 ) which act identically on I c ≡ S 1 \ I (i.e., which can “displace” or “move” points only in I ). This result extends and completes earlier ones that dealt with only certain regions of the “ c , h -plane”, and closes the gap in the full classiﬁcation of superselection sectors of Virasoro nets.
The PGSp 1 , 1 ( A ) -distinguished representations

In this paper, we use the regularized quaternionic Siegel–Weil formula to deal with the PGSp 1 , 1 ( A ) -period problem for a cuspidal representation τ of PGSp 4 ( A E ) , where E / F is a quadratic extension of number ﬁelds and E is contained in the 4-dimensional quaternion division algebra D of F with s D = 2.
A novel structural design technology of highly integrated antenna in missile

High integration and low-profile integrated design technology need to be proposed to meet the modern tactical requirements of highly integrated antenna in missile, which put forward strict requirements for volume, weight, reliability, and environmental adaptability, etc. A vertical blind matching non-cable connection between T/R module and radiating surface of the antenna is presented to realize low-profile antenna. An analysis method based on the missile-borne environment and electromechanical thermal coupling is proposed for highly integrated active antenna in missiles. Low-profile and high integrated unit design technology, parameterized high-precision blind matching technology, electromechanical thermal coupling technology have been broken out in this paper.
Intelligent diagnosis of rolling bearings with imbalanced data based on the ConVAE-CNN model

Data-driven intelligent diagnosis method has been widely used in mechanical equipment fault identification. However, the data set imbalance is still one of the critical problems affecting the effect of intelligent diagnosis in the practical work of rotating machinery. To solve the problem of fault identification of rolling bearings with imbalanced data sets, a rolling bearing intelligent diagnosis method based on the ConVAE-CNN model was proposed in this paper. In this method, a convolutional variational autoencoder network (ConVAE) model is constructed. In the coding stage, the convolutional layer is used to extract the features of minority samples. In the decoding stage, full connection layers are used to expand the dataset of minority samples. Bearing fault features were extracted by convolution and pooling operations of the convolutional neural network model, and the performance of the proposed method was tested using rolling bearing experimental data. The results show that the proposed method effectively solves the bearing fault classification problem with imbalanced data sets. Compared with the other diagnosis methods, the performance of the proposed method is better, and it has a broad application prospect in the diagnosis of imbalanced data.
Absorption Dips in the Light Curves of GRO J1655–40 and 4U 1630–47 during Outburst

Using the RXTE PCA, we discovered deep dips in the X-ray light curves of the black hole candidates GRO J1655-40 and 4U 1630-47 during outburst. Similar kind of dips for GRO J1655-40 were found in 90 s measurements of the RXTE ASM during the same outburst. The duration of the dips in both sources is of the order of minutes. The occurrences of the dips observed with the RXTE PCA and ASM in GRO J1655-40 are consistent with the optically determined orbital period, and were found between photometric orbital phases 0.72 and 0.86. This constitutes the first evidence for orbital variations in X-rays for GRO J1655-40. The PCA data indicate that an absorbing medium is responsible for these dips. The X-ray spectra during the dips can be best described by a heavily absorbed component and an unabsorbed component. In the case of GRO J1655-40 we are able constrain the extent of the absorbing medium and the central X-ray source.
Effectiveness and Acceptability of Cognitive Behavior Therapy Delivery Formats in Adults With Depression: A Network Meta-analysis.

Importance Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of acute depression. However, whether CBT can be effectively delivered in individual, group, telephone-administered, guided self-help, and unguided self-help formats remains unclear. Objective To examine the most effective delivery format for CBT via a network meta-analysis. Data Sources A database updated yearly from PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Literature search dates encompassed January 1, 1966, to January 1, 2018. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials of CBT for adult depression. The 5 treatment formats were compared with each other and the control conditions (waiting list, care as usual, and pill placebo). Data Extraction and Synthesis PRISMA guidelines were used when extracting data and assessing data quality. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were conducted. Main Outcomes and Measures Severity of depression and acceptability of the treatment formats. Results A total of 155 trials with 15 191 participants compared 5 CBT delivery formats with 2 control conditions. In half of the studies (78 [50.3%]), patients met the criteria for a depressive disorder; in the other half (77 [49.7%]), participants scored above the cutoff point on a self-report measure. The effectiveness of individual, group, telephone, and guided self-help CBT did not differ statistically significantly from each other. These formats were statistically significantly more effective than the waiting list (standardized mean differences [SMDs], 0.87-1.02) and care as usual (SMDs, 0.47-0.72) control conditions as well as the unguided self-help CBT (SMDs, 0.34-0.59). In terms of acceptability (dropout for any reason), individual (relative risk [RR] = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09-1.89) and group (RR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.06-1.80) CBT were significantly better than guided self-help. Guided self-help was also less acceptable than being on a waiting list (RR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.75) and care as usual (RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.90). Sensitivity analyses supported the overall findings. Conclusions and Relevance For acute symptoms of depression, group, telephone, and guided self-help treatment formats appeared to be effective interventions, which may be considered as alternatives to individual CBT; although there were few indications of significant differences in efficacy between treatments with human support, guided self-help CBT may be less acceptable for patients than individual, group, or telephone formats.
Effect of Surgically Acquired Neurological Deficits on Mortality Among Patients with Brain Metastases

Purpose: To evaluate the association between surgically acquired neurological deficits and mortality among patients who underwent surgical resection of brain metastases. Methods: Patients who underwent surgical resection of brain metastases at our institution between 2011 and 2019 were included. Surgically acquired neurological deficits were defined as dysarthria/aphasia, ataxia, hemiparesis, and visual field loss. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for potential confounders was constructed to evaluate whether surgically acquired neurological deficits were independently associated with a higher risk of overall mortality. Results: A total of 153 patients were included in the analysis. 3.3% (5 patients) had a surgically acquired neurological deficit. On univariate time-to-event analysis, there was no statistically significant association between the development of a surgically acquired neurological deficit and mortality (HR=1.12; 95% CI=0.15, 8.24; p=0.910). On multivariate time-to-event analysis adjusting for potential confounders, there was also no statistically significant association between the development of a surgically acquired neurological deficit and mortality (HR=1.53; 95% CI=0.20, 11.9; p=0.683). Conclusion: The development of a surgically acquired neurological deficit was not associated with overall mortality. Although this conclusion differs from other studies in the literature, the goal of surgical resection remains unchanged; to resect as much tumor as possible while still preserving neurological function.
Phase coding and absolute calibration for a low-cost fringe projection system

A whole field profilometer for the acquisition of free form shapes is presented. The system is based on the projection of a single pattern of Ronchi fringes and on optical triangulation. A novel approach to phase measuring profilometry is implemented to index the field of view. The system is calibrated in an absolute way, in order to obtain dense point clouds in a global reference system. The device is reconfigurable to the measurement problem, portable and rugged and well adapts to multi-view acquisition of free-form shapes.
ROSAT Observations of Compact Groups of Galaxies

We have systematically analyzed a sample of 13 new and archival ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations of compact groups of galaxies: 12 Hickson compact groups plus the NCG 2300 group. We find that approximately two-thirds of the groups have extended X-ray emission and, in four of these, the emission is resolved into diffuse emission from gas at a temperature of kT approximately 1 keV in the group potential. All but one of the groups with extended emission have a spiral fraction of less than 50%. The baryon fraction of groups with diffuse emission is 5%-19%, similar to the values in clusters of galaxies. However, with a single exception (HCG 62), the gas-to-stellar mass ratio in our groups has a median value near 5%, somewhat greater than the values for individual early-type galaxies and two orders of magnitude than in clusters of galaxies. The X-ray luminosities of individual group galaxies are comparable to those of similar field galaxies, although the L(sub X)-L(sub B) relation for early-type galaxies may be flatter in compact groups than in the field.
The elusive optical jets

Imaging observations in the U band of eight radio galaxies are presented. We find no optical counterpart to the radio jets. For the three radio galaxies 3C 147, 3C 279 and 3C 433, we show that the radio to optical spectral index of the jet is significantly higher than the typical values found in the three best known optical jets (M87, 3C 273 and 3C 66B). We conclude that the cut-off frequencies are lower than $10^{14}$Hz in these cases. For the 3C 31 jet, our data are consistent with the radio to optical spectral index being comparable to the typical values. This result is in contradiction with the detection of the optical jet in the B band by Butcher et al (1980). Finally, the lower limit on the radio to optical spectral index we obtain for the four other radio jets of our sample is still consistent with the typical values.
D-Branes And Mirror Symmetry

We study (2,2) supersymmetric field theories on two-dimensional worldsheet with boundaries. We determine D-branes (boundary conditions and boundary interactions) that preserve half of the bulk supercharges in nonlinear sigma models, gauged linear sigma models, and Landau-Ginzburg models. We identify a mechanism for brane creation in LG theories and provide a new derivation of a link between soliton numbers of the massive theories and R-charges of vacua at the UV fixed point. Moreover we identify Lagrangian submanifolds that arise as the mirror of certain D-branes wrapped around � �
Ferromagnetic δ‐Mn1−xGax thin films with perpendicular anisotropy

We report the structure and properties of the thermodynamically stable δ‐phase Mn1−xGax single crystal thin films grown on GaAs. X‐ray Θ–2Θ scans and grazing‐incidence scattering measurements confirmed that the unit cell of this phase is tetragonal (a=0.279 nm, c=0.351 nm) and grows with the c‐axis oriented normal to the {001} GaAs substrate surface. X‐ray emission spectroscopy confirmed the composition to be 62±2% Mn. Polar Kerr rotation, SQUID and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements with the field applied along the thin‐film normal showed nearly perfect square hysteresis loops confirming perpendicular anisotropy of the films. The film exhibits a Kerr rotation angle of ∼0.1° at 820 nm, a coercivity of 6.27 kOe and a saturation magnetization of 460 emu/cm3. The optical reflectivity of the film was 65%–70% over a broad range of wavelengths. This unique set of properties make it a very promising material for magneto‐optic recording with the additional potential of integrating semiconductor/magnetic d.
Description of Filtered Lie Algebras with which Graded Lie Algebras of CARTAN Type are Associated

The main results of this article are: 1) the classification of those finite-dimensional filtered Lie algebras over fields of prime characteristic whose associated graded Lie algebras are Lie algebras of Cartan type; 2) a description of the infinite-dimensional primitive transitive subalgebras of Lie algebras of linear differential operators with coefficients in a subring of the ring of formal power series over a field of characteristic zero.
Voter dynamics on an Ising ladder: coarsening and persistence

Coarsening and persistence of Ising spins on a ladder is examined under voter dynamics. The density of domain walls decreases algebraically with time as t−1/2 for sequential as well as parallel dynamics. The persistence probability decreases as under sequential dynamics and as under parallel dynamics where θp = 2θs ≈ 0.88. Numerical values of the exponents are explained. The results are compared with the voter model on one- and two-dimensional lattices, as well as Ising model on a ladder under zero-temperature Glauber dynamics.
On the disturbance growth in an asymptotic suction boundary layer

An experimental and theoretical study on the effect of boundary layer suction on the laminar–turbulent transition process has been carried out. In the study an asymptotic suction boundary layer was established in a wind tunnel with a free-stream velocity of 5.0 m s$^{-1}$. Wall-normal suction (suction velocity 1.44 cm s$^{-1}$) was applied over a large area and the boundary layer was nearly constant over a length of 1800 mm. Measurements were made both with and without suction so comparisons between the two cases could easily be made. Measurements of the development of the mean velocity distribution showed good agreement with theory. The Reynolds number based on the displacement thickness for the suction boundary layer was 347. Experiments on both the development of forced Tollmien–Schlichting (TS) waves and boundary layer disturbances introduced by free-stream turbulence were carried out. Spatial linear stability calculations for TS-waves, where the wall-normal velocity component is accounted for, were carried out for comparison with the experiments. This comparison shows satisfactory agreement even though the stability of the asymptotic suction profile is somewhat overpredicted by the theory. Free-stream turbulence (FST) was generated by three different grids, giving turbulence intensities at the leading edge of the plate between 1.4% and 4.0%. The FST induces disturbances in the boundary layer and it was shown that for the present suction rate the disturbance level inside the boundary layer is constant and becomes proportional to the FST intensity. In all cases transition was prevented when suction was applied whereas without suction the two highest levels of grid turbulence gave rise to transition. Despite a twofold reduction in the boundary layer thickness in the suction case compared to the no suction case the spanwise scale of the streaky structures was almost constant.
Thirty novel sequence variants impacting human intracranial volume

Abstract Intracranial volume, measured through magnetic resonance imaging and/or estimated from head circumference, is heritable and correlates with cognitive traits and several neurological disorders. We performed a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of intracranial volume (n = 79 174) and found 64 associating sequence variants explaining 5.0% of its variance. We used coding variation, transcript and protein levels, to uncover 12 genes likely mediating the effect of these variants, including GLI3 and CDK6 that affect cranial synostosis and microcephaly, respectively. Intracranial volume correlates genetically with volumes of cortical and sub-cortical regions, cognition, learning, neonatal and neurological traits. Parkinson’s disease cases have greater and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder cases smaller intracranial volume than controls. Our Mendelian randomization studies indicate that intracranial volume associated variants either increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease and decrease the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and neuroticism or correlate closely with a confounder.
Enhanced radiation tolerance in nitride multilayered nanofilms with small period-thicknesses

This paper demonstrates a substantial enhancement in radiation tolerance for small period-thickness of CrN/AlTiN multilayered nanofilms. CrN/AlTiN multilayered nanofilms with period-thicknesses of 3, 5, 7, and 9 nm were irradiated by 190 keV Ar+ ions to fluences ranging from 1 to 5 × 1016 ions/cm2. Nanofilm with 3 nm period-thickness begins to be amorphized under 5 × 1016 ions/cm2, while those with larger period-thicknesses are amorphized under 3 × 1016 ions/cm2. Our results show that multilayered ceramic nanofilms are potential radiation tolerant materials with good properties. The interfaces in the multilayered nanofilms act as good sinks to absorb the radiation-induced defects.