Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EMISSION PATTERNS OF SOLAR TYPE III RADIO BURSTS: STEREOSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS

Simultaneous observations of solar type III radio bursts obtained by the STEREO A, B, and WIND spacecraft at low frequencies from different vantage points in the ecliptic plane are used to determine their directivity. The heliolongitudes of the sources of these bursts, estimated at different frequencies by assuming that they are located on the Parker spiral magnetic field lines emerging from the associated active regions into the spherically symmetric solar atmosphere, and the heliolongitudes of the spacecraft are used to estimate the viewing angle, which is the angle between the direction of the magnetic field at the source and the line connecting the source to the spacecraft. The normalized peak intensities at each spacecraft Rj = Ij/ΣIj (the subscript j corresponds to the spacecraft STEREO A, B, and WIND), which are defined as the directivity factors are determined using the time profiles of the type III bursts. It is shown that the distribution of the viewing angles divides the type III bursts into: (1) bursts emitting into a very narrow cone centered around the tangent to the magnetic field with angular width of ∼2° and (2) bursts emitting into a wider cone with angular width spanning from ∼ − 100° to ∼100°. The plots of the directivity factors versus the viewing angles of the sources from all three spacecraft indicate that the type III emissions are very intense along the tangent to the spiral magnetic field lines at the source, and steadily fall as the viewing angles increase to higher values. The comparison of these emission patterns with the computed distributions of the ray trajectories indicate that the intense bursts visible in a narrow range of angles around the magnetic field directions probably are emitted in the fundamental mode, whereas the relatively weaker bursts visible to a wide range of angles are probably emitted in the harmonic mode.
Pre-Dialysis B-Line Quantification at Lung Ultrasound Is a Useful Method for Evaluating the Dry Weight and Predicting the Risk of Intradialytic Hypotension

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a frequent and well-known complication of hemodialysis, occurring in about one third of patients. An integrated approach with different methods is needed to minimize IDH episodes and their complications. In this prospective observational study, recruited patients underwent a multiparametric evaluation of fluid status through a lung ultrasound (LUS) with the quantification of B-lines, a physical examination, blood pressure, NT-proBNP and chest X-rays. The evaluation took place immediately before and at the end of the dialysis session, and the patients were divided into IDH and no-IDH groups. We recruited a total of 107 patients. A pre-dialysis B-line number ≥ 15 showed a high sensitivity in fluid overload diagnosis (94.5%), even higher than a chest X-ray (78%) or physical examination (72%) alone. The identification at the beginning of dialysis of <8 B-lines in the overall cohort or <20 B-lines in patients with NYHA 3–4 class are optimal thresholds for identifying those patients at higher risk of experiencing an IDH episode. In the multivariable analysis, the NYHA class, a low pre-dialysis systolic BP and a low pre-dialysis B-line number were independent risk factors for IDH. At the beginning of dialysis, the B-line quantification at LUS is a valuable and reliable method for evaluating fluid status and predicting IDH episodes. A post-dialysis B-line number <5 may allow for an understanding of whether the IDH episode was caused by dehydration, probably due to due to an overestimation of the dry weight.
Preparation of CPD Photolyase Nanoliposomes Derived from Antarctic Microalgae and Their Effect on UVB-Induced Skin Damage in Mice

UVB radiation is known to trigger the block of DNA replication and transcription by forming cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), which results in severe skin damage. CPD photolyase, a kind of DNA repair enzyme, can efficiently repair CPDs that are absent in humans and mice. Although exogenous CPD photolyases have beneficial effects on skin diseases, the mechanisms of CPD photolyases on the skin remain unknown. Here, this study prepared CPD photolyase nanoliposomes (CPDNL) from Antarctic Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L, which thrives in harsh, high-UVB conditions, and evaluated their protective mechanisms against UVB-induced damage in mice. CPDNL were optimized using response surface methodology, characterized by a mean particle size of 105.5 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency of 63.3%. Topical application of CPDNL prevented UVB-induced erythema, epidermal thickness, and wrinkles in mice. CPDNL mitigated UVB-induced DNA damage by significantly decreasing the CPD concentration. CPDNL exhibited antioxidant properties as they reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. Through activation of the NF-κB pathway, CPDNL reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2. Furthermore, CPDNL suppressed the MAPK signaling activation by downregulating the mRNA and protein expression of ERK, JNK, and p38 as well as AP-1. The MMP-1 and MMP-2 expressions were also remarkably decreased, which inhibited the collagen degradation. Therefore, we concluded that CPDNL exerted DNA repair, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-wrinkle properties as well as collagen protection via regulation of the NF-κB/MAPK/MMP signaling pathways in UVB-induced mice, demonstrating that Antarctic CPD photolyases have the potential for skincare products against UVB and photoaging.
Modular Clinical Decision Support Networks for Data-Driven Diagnostic Predictions

—The development of artificial intelligence has opened up new possibilities in the field of medicine. It can be valuable in clinical decision support (CDSS), especially if resources are limited. CDSS can reduce diagnostic errors and improve clinical management by giving probabilistic guidance. This work applies machine learning techniques to a dataset of 300’000 consultations collected by M´edecins Sans Fronti`eres with the objective to derive data-driven diagnostic predictions.
Mito-AssemblyVis: Mitochondrial Genome Assembly Assessment Visualization

Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are short and circular DNAs in cellular organelles called mitochondria. Mitogenomes are significantly more abundant than nuclear genomes per cell and are less prone to degradation thereby allowing forensic and environmental scientists as well as anthropologists to obtain DNAs from samples that consist of little biological material [1]. In the past, the high sequencing cost and the inaccessibility of DNA sequencing technologies led to a shortage of complete mitogenomes of some culturally and environmentally important animal species in public databases such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Nowadays, whole genome sequencing technologies have become much cheaper and more easily accessible, making it possible to assemble mitogenomes on a large scale. To ensure the accuracy of the assembled mitochondrial DNA sequences, choosing effective visualization methods for the quality assessment of mitogenome assemblies is very crucial in the field. During the past year of Cecilia’s graduate studies, she has focused on creating a mitogenome assembly pipeline that takes in short sequenced DNA reads as input and generates a reconstructed mitogenome as output. Visualization tools can be applied to provide insights into the accuracy of the reconstructed mitogenome which will eventually allow us to assess the performance of her pipeline compared to other published mitogenome assembly pipelines. The key attributes we intend to visualize include sequence length, coverage, quality metrics (e.g., number of gaps and misassemblies), contiguity statistics (e.g., NG50), mapped regions between two or more sequences, and genome annotation results. Mitogenomes are approximately 16,000 base-pair long, so sequence length will help us evaluate the completeness of the assembled sequence. Coverage indicates the number of DNA reads mapped to a given nucleotide in a reconstructed sequence [2]. Higher genome coverage is often associated with better genome assemblies, meaning the resulting reconstructed genome is close to its original form. Contiguity statistics indicate whether the reads are joined correctly to provide a contiguous representation of the genome. Quality metrics reflect the overall accuracy of the assembled genome. Genome annotation is a method that determines the specific gene locations. Potential genomic rearrangements and the completeness of assembled mitogenomes can be investigated by visualizing the mapped regions between the reconstructed and a reference genome and comparing their annotation results.
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Anti-Bacterial, and Anti-Cancer Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from Citrus limetta Risso Peel Waste Remains after Commercial Use

Citrus plants are widely utilized for edible purposes and medicinal utility throughout the world. However, because of the higher abundance of the antimicrobial compound D-Limonene, the peel waste cannot be disposed of by biogas production. Therefore, after the extraction of D-Limonene from the peel wastes, it can be easily disposed of. The D-Limonene rich essential oil from the Citrus limetta risso (CLEO) was extracted and evaluated its radical quenching, bactericidal, and cytotoxic properties. The radical quenching properties were DPPH radical scavenging (11.35 ± 0.51 µg/mL) and ABTS scavenging (10.36 ± 0.55 µg/mL). There, we observed a dose-dependent antibacterial potential for the essential oil against pathogenic bacteria. Apart from that, the essential oil also inhibited the biofilm-forming properties of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. enterica, and S. aureus. Further, cytotoxicity was also exhibited against estrogen receptor-positive (MCF7) cells (IC50: 47.31 ± 3.11 µg/mL) and a triple-negative (MDA-MB-237) cell (IC50: 55.11 ± 4.62 µg/mL). Upon evaluation of the mechanism of action, the toxicity was mediated through an increased level of reactive radicals of oxygen and the subsequent release of cytochrome C, indicative of mitotoxicity. Hence, the D-Limonene rich essential oil of C. limetta is useful as a strong antibacterial and cytotoxic agent; the antioxidant properties exhibited also increase its utility value.
University of Washington Abnormal Gait Detection using Wearable Hall-Effect Sensors

Abnormal Gait Detection using Wearable Hall-Effect Sensors Courtney Chan Chheng Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Denise Wilson Department of Electrical Engineering Abnormalities and irregularities in walking (gait) are predictors and indicators of both disease and injury. Gait has traditionally been monitored and analyzed in clinical settings using complex video (camera-based) systems, pressure mats, or a combination thereof. This thesis presents an alternative, wearable gait monitoring system designed to be worn on the inner knee or upper thigh that consists of low-power Hall-effect sensors positioned on one leg and a compact magnet positioned on the opposite leg. Wireless data collected from the sensor system were used to analyze stride width, stride width variability, cadence, and cadence variability for four different individuals engaged in normal gait, two types of abnormal gait, and two types of irregular gait. Using leg gap variability as a proxy for stride width variability, 81% of abnormal or irregular strides were accurately identified as different from normal stride. Cadence was surprisingly 100% accurate in identifying strides which strayed from normal, but variability in cadence provided no useful information. This highly sensitive, non-contact Hall-effect sensing method for gait monitoring offers the possibility for detecting visually imperceptible gait variability in natural settings. These nuanced changes in gait are valuable for predicting early stages of disease and also for indicating progress in recovering from injury. University of Washington
A Model of Plasma Rotation in the Livermore Spheromak for the Regimes of Large Connection Lengths

A model is suggested that predicts the velocity and geometrical characteristics of the plasma rotation in the Livermore spheromak. The model addresses the “good confinement” regimes in this device, where the typical length of the magnetic field lines before their intersection with the wall (this length is called “connection length” below) becomes large enough to make the parallel heat loss insignificant. In such regimes, the heat flux is determined by the transport across toroidally averaged flux surfaces. The model is based on the assumption that, entering the good confinement regime, does not automatically mean that the connection length becomes infinite, and perfect flux surfaces are established. It is hypothesized that connection length remains finite, albeit large in regard to the parallel heat loss. The field lines are threading the whole plasma volume, although it takes a long distance for them to get from one toroidally averaged flux surface to another. The parallel electron momentum balance then .
10mJ class femtosecond optical parametric amplifier for generating soft x-ray harmonics

Power scaling of an infrared (IR) parametric amplifier chain, pumped at 800nm by a terawatt Ti:sapphire laser system has been reported. A total output energy exceeding 10mJ with 40fs pulse duration has been achieved in the IR region, which is the highest energy and peak power ever reported for an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier scheme. By applying the developed IR pulses to high-order harmonic generation, we have observed a significant cutoff extension compared to the case of 800nm driving wavelength. This source suits as a driver laser for extending high-order harmonic photon energy into the kiloelectronvolts region.
Comparison of empirical magnetic field models and global MHD simulations: The near-tail currents

The tail currents predicted by empirical magnetic field models and global MHD simulations are compared. It is shown that the near-Earth currents obtained from the MHD simulations are much weaker than the currents predicted by the Tsyganenko models, primarily because the ring current is not properly represented in the simulations. On the other hand, in the mid-tail and distant tail the lobe field strength predicted by the simulations is comparable to what is observed at about 50R{sub E} distance, significantly larger than the very low lobe field values predicted by the Tsyganenko models at that distance. Ways to improve these complementary approaches to model the actual magnetospheric configuration are discussed. 11 refs., 3 figs.
Exact Controllability and Stabilization of a Vibrating String with an Interior Point Mass

In this article we examine the problems of boundary control and stabilization for a one-dimensional wave equation with interior point masses. We show that singularities in waves are "smoothed one order" as they cross a point mass. Thus in the case of one interior point mass, with, e.g., $L^2$-Dirichlet control at the left end, the most general reachable space (from 0) that one can expect is $L^2\times H^{-1}$ to the left of the mass and $H^1\times L^2$ to the right of the mass. We show that this is in fact the optimal result (modulo certain compatibility conditions). Several related results for both control and stabilization of such systems are also given.
3D surface-related multiple modeling

The shape of seismic reflected energy on shot or CMP gathers can be ex-tremely complicated in comparison with the actual geometry of geologic generators. A simple synclinal structure may produce a triplication in the zero-offset domain, and migration processing is needed to resolve this situation. By comparison, multiple generation “squares” (at least for first-order multiples) the degree of complexity of the reverberated reflected energy, and, in general, there is no domain, neither time, depth, nor pre- or postmigrated, where multiples and primaries can be simplified simultaneously.
Orographic Influences on the Distribution and Generation of Atmospheric Variability in a GCM

Abstract The effect of large-scale mountains on atmospheric variability is studied in a series of GCM experiments in which a single mountain is varied in height from 0 to 4 km. High-frequency (τ 30 days) variability are largest in the jet exit region, while the intermediate-frequency (7 < τ < 30 days) variability has its maximum upstream of the mountain where it exhibits enhanced equatorward propagation. High and intermediate frequencies change from zonal wave trains to localized wave packets as orographic forcing is increased, but they retain their characteristic scale and frequency. The dominant pattern of low-frequency is variability changes from a zonally symmetric oscillation, for which transient eddy-zonal flow interaction is the dominant mechanism, to a more localized oscillation of the jet downstream of the mountain. The transient eddy forcing still plays a significant role in maintaining the variations of this more localized jet, however. The total amount of wave .
Linearly continuous functions of finite area

1. Definitions and preliminaries. We shall consider real functions of n variables with compact support. Let x — (xi, • • • , xn) be a cartesian coordinate system and let %i = (xi, • • • i #»-i, Xi+i, • • • , xn) be a point in n — 1 space, so that x = (xit Xi). A function ƒ is said to be of type BVT if there are equivalent functions fiy i = 1, • • • , n, such that, for almost all %i9 the variation Vi(f, %i) of ƒ as a function of Xi is finite, and V< is a summable function of £»-. The functions of type BVT are those for which the partial derivatives are measures, [9], and those for which the area is finite, [ l ] , [4]. ƒ is said to be ACT if it is BVT and the equivalent ƒ,-, i = l , • • • , n, may be chosen to be absolutely continuous for almost all Xi. These are the functions whose partial derivatives are functions, [3], [ l l ] , and for which the area is given by the classical formula [4]. A function ƒ is said to be essentially linearly continuous if, for every i = 1, • • • , n, there is an equivalent ƒ< which is continuous as a function of Xi for almost all #». ƒ is said to be linearly continuous if there is a g equivalent to ƒ such that , for every i = 1, • • • , w, g is continuous in Xi for almost all £»-. I t is known, [S], that every essentially linearly continuous function which is of type BVT is linearly continuous, and tha t in the case of functions of two variables these are the ones for which the area is equal to the Hausdorff 2 dimensional measure of the graph. Linearly continuous functions which are of type BVT will be called of type L. Let ƒ be of type BVT, let (jui, • • • , JU») be its gradient measure, and let m be Lebesgue measure. The total variation ctf of the vector valued measure (w, /xlf • • • , /xn) is the area measure, [2], [8]. Functions of types BVT, ACT, and L may be discontinuous everywhere. However, they may be considered to be the respective analogues of the functions of bounded variation, the absolutely continuous functions, and the continuous functions of bounded variation in the one variable case. 1 Supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. GP 03515. A detailed paper will appear in Acta Mathematica.
On the tidal interaction between protoplanets and the primordial solar nebula. I - Linear calculation of the role of angular momentum exchange

In this first of this series we consider the tidal interaction between a protoplanet and a gaseous protoplanetary disk with moderate thickness. We consider the situation when the surface density of the disk changes on a scale length comparable to its thickness in a gap region, of comparable dimensions, containing the protoplanet. In this case it is necessary to solve for the tidal perturbations taking the surface density structure fully into account. We develop expressions for the angular momentum exchange rage between protoplanet and disk that require simple numerical calculations only. These calculations are undertaken for simple polytropic models of the disk. We consider the behavior of the tidal perturbation under a wide range of assumptropic models of the disk. We consider the behavior of the tidal perturbation under a wide range of assumptions about dissipation in the disk, and we apply our methods to calculate the strength of the tidal torque in the limit that the protoplanet is sufficiently massive to induce a gap in the nebula.
Wave-Packet Scattering off the Kink-Solution

We investigate the propagation of a wave--packet in the $\phi^4$ model. We solve the time-dependent equation of motion for two distinct initial conditions: The wave-packet in a trivial vacuum background and in the background of the kink soliton solution. We extract the scattering matrix from the wave-packet in the kink background at very late times and compare it with the result from static potential scattering in the small amplitude approximation. We vary the size of the initial wave-packet to identify non-linear effects as, for example, the replacement of the center of the kink.
Mean-Variance Hedging for General Claims

0. Introduction. In this paper, we solve the continuous-time hedging problem with a mean-variance objective for general contingent claims. A special case of this problem was treated by Duffie and Richardson (1991) and provided the motivation for this work. There are two assets whose prices are both modelled by exponential Brownian motions with time-dependent random coefficients. The rates of return between assets are correlated. At a fixed time, the hedger faces a random loss which may depend in full generality on the entire evolution of both asset prices. For the purpose of hedging against this risk, however, only one asset is available. This implies that markets are incomplete and contingent claims cannot be replicated by trading. The goal of the hedger is to minimize his total expected quadratic costs, or equivalently to maximize his expected utility from terminal wealth for a quadratic utility function. A precise statement is given in Section 1 and the solution is presented in Section 3. We remark that the same arguments would also work for any number N of driving assets with n hedging assets, where 1 < n < N. Our approach to this problem follows the method of Duffie and Richardson (1991): We show that the inner product associated with the normal equations for orthogonal projection is defined by an ordinary differential equation in time with an explicit solution. This is done by choosing a suitable tracking process for the contingent claim under consideration. The essential difference from the above paper lies in two points: We are able to solve the hedging problem for a general contingent claim and we do not have to conjecture the solution from discrete-time reasoning. In fact, our approach shows that the natural choice for the optimal tracking process is provided by the intrinsic value process associated to the given contingent claim. This process is defined in terms of the minimal equivalent martingale measure for that asset price which is used for hedging. Both of these concepts are explained in more detail in Section 2. We conclude the paper in Section 4 with a class of examples where explicit
Complete Sentence Detection for Speech Recognition Systems

—In this project, we present a classification model based on state-of-art transformer models to detect the completeness and correctness of a sentence. It is designed specifically for detecting errors in speech recognition systems and takes several typical recognition errors in into account, including false sentence boundary, missing words, repeating words and false word recognition. The classification model can be applied to evaluate the quality of the recognized transcripts