Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multitask and Kernel Approach for Learning to Push Objects with a Target-Parameterized Deep Q-Network

Pushing is an essential motor skill involved in several manipulation tasks, and has been an important research topic in robotics. Recent works have shown that Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) can learn pushing policies (when, where to push, and how) to solve manipulation tasks, potentially in synergy with other skills (e.g. grasping). Nevertheless, DQNs often assume a fixed setting and task, which may limit their deployment in practice. Furthermore, they suffer from sparse-gradient backpropagation when the action space is very large, a problem exacerbated by the fact that they are trained to predict state-action values based on a single reward function aggregating several facets of the task, rendering the model training challenging. To address these issues, we propose a multi-head target-parameterized DQN to learn robotic manipulation tasks, in particular pushing policies, and make the following contributions: i) we show that learning to predict different reward and task aspects can be beneficial compared to predicting a single value function where reward factors are not disentangled; ii) we study several alternatives to generalize a policy by encoding the target parameters either into the network layers or visually in the input; iii) we propose a kernelized version of the loss function, allowing to obtain better, faster and more stable training performance. Extensive experiments on simulations validate our design choices, and we show that our architecture learned on simulated data can achieve high performance in a real-robot setup involving a Franka Emika robot arm and unseen objects.
Characterization of Species Differences in Tissue Diltiazem Deacetylation Identifies Ces2a as A Rat-Specific Diltiazem Deacetylase

Diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, is mainly metabolized via demethylation or deacetylation in humans. Diltiazem demethylation is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and 3A4. Although it was previously reported that the area under the curve (AUC) ratio of deacetyldiltiazem to diltiazem after oral dosing with diltiazem in rats was seven-fold higher than in humans, the molecular mechanisms underlying this species difference remain to be clarified. In the present study, we compared the diltiazem deacetylase activity in liver, intestinal, renal, and pulmonary microsome preparations of human and experimental animal tissues to identify the specific deacetylase enzyme(s) involved in deacetylation. Diltiazem deacetylase activity was detected in rat liver and small intestine microsome preparations but not in those from human, monkey, dog, and mouse tissues. Further purification of rat liver microsome (RLM) proteins identified four carboxylesterase (Ces) enzymes (Ces1d, Ces1e, Ces1f and Ces2a) as potential candidate deacetylases. On the basis of their tissue distribution, the Ces2a enzyme was considered to be the enzyme that was responsible for diltiazem deacetylation. Furthermore, recombinant rat Ces2a expressed in Sf21 cells displayed efficient diltiazem deacetylase activity with similar K m values as RLM. In addition, the inhibitory characteristics of various chemical inhibitors were similar between recombinant rat Ces2a and RLM. In conclusion, we determined that only rat tissues were able to catalyze diltiazem deacetylation. The characterization of Ces enzymes in animal species, as undertaken in this study, will prove useful to predict the species-specific pharmacokinetics differences between the in vivo models used for drug development. Deacetylase Activity. To confirm the deacetylase activity of rat Ces2a for diltiazem in rat livers, we performed inhibition studies using recombinant rat Ces2a and RLM with typical esterase inhibitors. Organophosphates, such as BNPP and DFP, understand the species specific differences in drug pharmacokinetics between humans and rats.
Differential privacy for microdata

k-anonymity is the standard privacy model for protecting confidentiality in microdata. However, k-anonymity has its limitations, which are partially overcome by extensions, such as l-diversity and t-closeness. The alternative privacy model of differential privacy (DP) has received increasingly more attention in official statistics. For instance, with the US Census Bureau adopting DP. However, DP is primarily designed for protecting database queries and not for releasing microdata. Database queries are not feasible in all contexts either from the data provider’s or the data users’ point of view and microdata need to be released. In this paper we explore the use of the differential privacy model for disseminating microdata. First, we compare the privacy models k-anonymity and differential privacy. Next, we elaborate on the limitations of the k-anonymity model in practice and describe some applications of differential privacy for microdata. Finally, we conclude by discussing the feasibility of DP as a privacy model for releasing microdata.
Implications of Skill-Biased Technological Change: International Evidence

Demand for less skilled workers decreased dramatically in the US and in other developed countries over the past two decades. WE argue that pervasive skill-biased technological change, rather than increased trade with the development world, is the principal culprit. The pervasiveness of this technological change is important for two reasons. Firstly, it is an immediate and testable implication of technological change. Secondly, under standard assumptions, the more pervasive the skill-biased technological, the greater the increase in the embodied supply of less skilled workers and the greater the increase in the embodied supply if less skilled workers and the greater the increases in the embodied supply of less skilled workers and the greater the depressing effect on their relative wages through world goods prices. In contrast, in the Heckscher-Ohlin model with small open economies the skill-bias of local technological changes does not affect wages. Thus, pervasiveness deals with a major criticism of skill-biased technological as a cause. Testing the implications of pervasive, skill-biased technological change, we find strong supporting evidence. Firstly, across the OECD, most industries have increased the proportion of skilled workers employed, despite rising or stable relative wages. Secondly, increases in demand for skills were concentrated in the same manufacturing industries in different developed countries.
New species of Mallocybe (Agaricales, Inocybaceae) from Pakistan, based on morphological and molecular evidence

﻿Abstract Within the family Inocybaceae, many species of Mallocybe have been reported, but there are only a few reports of this genus from Pakistan. In this study, six collections of Mallocybe were studied by morphological and phylogenetic methods. Phylogenetic analyses, based on sequence data from two different loci (ITS and LSU) using Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony methods, have been performed to infer species relationships within Mallocybe. Results indicated that these six collections encompass two new species of Mallocybe i.e. M.pakistanica and M.pinicola, from Pakistan. Their detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are also provided. In addition, comparison with morphologically closely-related taxa is also discussed. Previously, only two species of this genus have been recorded from Pakistan and, with this addition, the total number of reported taxa of Mallocybe has been raised to four from Pakistan. A key to the described taxa of Mallocybe from Pakistan is also provided.
Understanding Usage of a Hybrid Website and Smartphone App for Weight Management: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background Advancements in mobile phone technology offer huge potential for enhancing the timely delivery of health behavior change interventions. The development of smartphone-based health interventions (apps) is a rapidly growing field of research, yet there have been few longitudinal examinations of how people experience and use these apps within their day-to-day routines, particularly within the context of a hybrid Web- and app-based intervention. Objective This study used an in-depth mixed-methods design to examine individual variation in (1) impact on self-reported goal engagement (ie, motivation, self-efficacy, awareness, effort, achievement) of access to a weight management app (POWeR Tracker) when provided alongside a Web-based weight management intervention (POWeR) and (2) usage and views of POWeR Tracker. Methods Thirteen adults were provided access to POWeR and were monitored over a 4-week period. Access to POWeR Tracker was provided in 2 alternate weeks (ie, weeks 1 and 3 or weeks 2 and 4). Participants’ goal engagement was measured daily via self-report. Mixed effects models were used to examine change in goal engagement between the weeks when POWeR Tracker was and was not available and whether the extent of change in goal engagement varied between individual participants. Usage of POWeR and POWeR Tracker was automatically recorded for each participant. Telephone interviews were conducted and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to further explore participants’ experiences using POWeR and POWeR Tracker. Results Access to POWeR Tracker was associated with a significant increase in participants’ awareness of their eating (β1=0.31, P=.04) and physical activity goals (β1=0.28, P=.03). The level of increase varied between individual participants. Usage data showed that participants used the POWeR website for similar amounts of time during the weeks when POWeR Tracker was (mean 29 minutes, SD 31 minutes) and was not available (mean 27 minutes, SD 33 minutes). POWeR Tracker was mostly accessed in short bursts (mean 3 minutes, SD 2 minutes) during convenient moments or moments when participants deemed the intervention content most relevant. The qualitative data indicated that nearly all participants agreed that it was more convenient to access information on-the-go via their mobiles compared to a computer. However, participants varied in their views and usage of the Web- versus app-based components and the informational versus tracking tools provided by POWeR Tracker. Conclusions This study provides evidence that smartphones have the potential to improve individuals’ engagement with their health-related goals when used as a supplement to an existing online intervention. The perceived convenience of mobile access to information does not appear to deter use of Web-based interventions or strengthen the impact of app access on goal engagement. A mixed-methods design enabled exploration of individual variation in daily usage of the app-based tools.
Clinical neuropsychology: a practical guide to assessment and management for clinicians

List of Contributors ix Preface xv Preface to the First Edition xix Part 1 General Introduction 1 General Introduction:What Is the Relevance of Neuropsychology for Clinical Psychology Practice? 3 Laura H. Goldstein and Jane E. McNeil Part 2 Neuroscience Background 2 Neuroanatomy and Neuropathology 23 Nigel J. Cairns 3 Neurological Investigations 61 John D. C. Mellers and Naomi A. Sibtain Part 3 Neuropsychological Assessment: General Issues 4 Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Brain Disorder: Nature, Assessment and Implications for Clinical Neuropsychology 87 Richard G. Brown 5 The Effects of Prescribed and Recreational Drug Use on Cognitive Functioning 105 Jane Powell 6 Quantitative Aspects of Neuropsychological Assessment 129 John R. Crawford Part 4 Adult Neuropsychology 7 Disorders of Memory 159 Jonathan J. Evans 8 Disorders of Language and Communication 185 Pat McKenna and Karen Bonham 9 Executive Dysfunction 209 Paul W. Burgess and Nick Alderman 10 Acquired Disorders of Voluntary Movement 239 Laura H. Goldstein 11 Visuo-Spatial and Attentional Disorders 261 Tom Manly, Jessica Fish and Jason B. Mattingley 12 Disorders of Number Processing and Calculation 293 Jane E. McNeil Part 5 Neuropsychology: Specialist Areas ofWork 13 Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment of Children 317 Jody Warner-Rogers 14 Neuropsychological Assessment of Older Adults 347 Robin G. Morris and Rebecca L. Brookes 15 Neuropsychology of Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration: Frontotemporal Dementia, Semantic Dementia and Progressive Non-Fluent Aphasia 375 Julie Snowden 16 Very Severe and Profound Brain Injury 397 J. Graham Beaumont 17 Neuropsychology and the Law 415 Graham E. Powell 18 Mental Capacity 445 Camilla Herbert Part 6 Rehabilitation 19 Theoretical Approaches to Cognitive Rehabilitation 463 Fergus Gracey and Barbara A. Wilson 20 Planning, Delivering and Evaluating Services 483 Camilla Herbert 21 Research Design and Outcome Evaluation 505 Andrew Worthington 22 Interventions for Psychological Problems After Brain Injury 527 Andy Tyerman and Nigel S. King 23 Neurorehabilitation Strategies for People with Neurodegenerative Conditions 549 Jennifer Rusted and Esme Moniz-Cook 24 Driving in Neurological Patients 567 Nadina B. Lincoln and Kate A. Radford Index 589
Centralbankers självständighet och hur det kan påverka ekonomin

Uppsatsen ser till vad som sker med inflationen och produktionsgapet (skillnaden mellan den faktiska produktionen och den potentiella produktionen) nar en centralbank blir sjalvstandigare genom att Rogoff-konservatism infors. Forsta delen av uppsatsen avhandlar tva modeller inom detta monetara amne och huvudfokus ligger pa den nykeynesianska modellen. Efter en redogorelse for modellens uppbyggnad ses hur Rogoff-konservatism paverkar en ekonomi om det finns inflation bias och darefter vad som sker med chockstabiliseringen om centralbanken blir sjalvstandigare. Den andra delen behandlar centralbanker i empirin och visar pa centralbankers sjalvstandighet i forhallande till inflationen, variansen for inflationen, produktionsgapet och variansen for produktionsgapet. Teorin menar att om det finns inflation bias medfor Rogoff-konservatism till lagre inflation och chockstabiliseringen blir battre. Empirin visar pa samband mellan hog grad av sjalvstandighet samt lag och stabil inflation. Det ar daremot svarare att saga vad som sker med produktionsgapet vid Rogoff-konservatism och det galler pafor teorin och empirin.
Coronary heart disease from a psychosocial perspective

Psychosocial factors have been shown to play an important role in the aetiology of coronary heart disease. A strong association between coronary heart disease and socioeconomic status (lower-level education, poor ﬁ nancial situation) has also been well established. Socioeconomic differences may thus also have an effect on psychosocial risk factors associated with coronary heart disease, and socioeconomic disadvantage may negatively affect the later prognosis and quality of life of cardiac patients. The aim of this study was to review the available evidence on socioeconomic differences in psychosocial factors which speciﬁ cally contribute to coronary heart disease. A computer-aided search of the Medline and PsycINFO databases resulted in 301 articles in English published between 1994 and 2007. A comprehensive screening process identiﬁ ed 12 empirical studies which described the socioeconomic differences in coronary heart disease risk factors. A review of these studies showed that socioeconomic status (educational grade, occupation or income) was adversely associated with psychosocial factors linked to coronary heart disease. This association was evident in the case of hostility and depression. Available studies also showed a similar trend with respect to social support, perception of health and lack of optimism. Less consistent were the results related to anger and perceived stress levels. Socioeconomic disadvantage seems to be an important element inﬂ uencing the psychosocial factors related to coronary heart disease, thus, a more comprehensive clariﬁ cation of associations between these factors might be useful. More studies are needed, focused not only on well-known risk factors such as depression and hostility, but also on some lesser known psychosocial factors such as Type D and vital exhaustion and their role in coronary heart disease.
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies Are Elevated in Graves’ Disease But Not in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Background. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) had been known to be specific for Crohn’s disease, but they had also been found in many other autoimmune diseases. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ASCA in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Patients and Methods. One hundred and ninety-seven patients with AITD and 160 healthy controls were included in the study. One hundred and nineteen patients had Graves’ disease (GD) and 78 patients had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). ASCA IgG and IgA were determined by ELISA. Results. ASCA IgG were significantly more frequent in patients with GD than in control group (11.8% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.002). In HT, the frequency of ASCA IgG was similar to that of the control group (3.8% and 3.1% respectively). The frequency of ASCA IgA was similar in GD (0.8%), HT (2.6%), and the control group (3.1%). In all GD patients, the frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA (11.8% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.001). These results were also true even in male and female groups (10.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.01 and 14.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.01, respectively). ASCA IgG levels were significantly higher in GD patients (6.7 ± 11.1 vs. 2.2 ± 2.8, p = 3 × 10−6) and in HT patients (4.2 ± 4.7 vs. 2.2 ± 2.8, p = 0.0002) than those in the control group. ASCA IgA levels were comparable among patients with GD, HT, and the control group. In GD patients, the mean titer of ASCA IgG was significantly higher than that of ASCA IgA (6.7 ± 11.1 vs. 3.6 ± 4.2, p = 0.005). Conclusion. Patients with GD had a higher frequency of ASCA IgG than controls.
Physical and Economic Feasibility of Nonstructural Flood Plain Management Measures

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to examine the physical and economic feasibility of a number of nonstructural flood control measures and develop criteria for their use. Eleven such measures are selected; this report evaluates their overall physical and economic feasibility. The measures studied are: temporary and permanent closures for openings in existing structures; raising existing structures; construction of new structures on fill or columns; small walls or levees around structures; relocating or protecting damageable property; relocating existing structures and/or contents out of a flood hazard area; flood forecast, warning and evacuation; use of water resistant materials in construction; regulation of development of flood plain land through zoning ordnances, subdivision, regulations and building codes; public acquisition of title or easement to flood plain land; and flood insurance. Cost estimates, advantages, disadvantages and references are provided for each measure. A sensitivity analysis of flood damage in relation to various hydrologic, hydraulic, and economic parameters was conducted.
Automated Identification of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction using Deep Learning-based Natural Language Processing

Background: The lack of automated tools for measuring care quality has limited the implementation of a national program to assess and improve guideline-directed care in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). A key challenge for constructing such a tool has been an accurate, accessible approach for identifying patients with HFrEF at hospital discharge, an opportunity to evaluate and improve the quality of care. Methods: We developed a novel deep learning-based language model for identifying patients with HFrEF from discharge summaries using a semi-supervised learning framework. For this purpose, hospitalizations with heart failure at Yale New Haven Hospital (YNHH) between 2015 to 2019 were labeled as HFrEF if the left ventricular ejection fraction was under 40% on antecedent echocardiography. The model was internally validated with model-based net reclassification improvement (NRI) assessed against chart-based diagnosis codes. We externally validated the model on discharge summaries from hospitalizations with heart failure at Northwestern Medicine, community hospitals of Yale New Haven Health in Connecticut and Rhode Island, and the publicly accessible MIMIC-III database, confirmed with chart abstraction. Results: A total of 13,251 notes from 5,392 unique individuals (mean age 73 +/- 14 years, 48% female), including 2,487 patients with HFrEF (46.1%), were used for model development (train/held-out test: 70/30%). The deep learning model achieved an area under receiving operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.97 and an area under precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.97 in detecting HFrEF on the held-out set. In external validation, the model had high performance in identifying HFrEF from discharge summaries with AUROC 0.94 and AUPRC 0.91 on 19,242 notes from Northwestern Medicine, AUROC 0.95 and AUPRC 0.96 on 139 manually abstracted notes from Yale community hospitals, and AUROC 0.91 and AUPRC 0.92 on 146 manually reviewed notes at MIMIC-III. Model-based prediction of HFrEF corresponded to an overall NRI of 60.2 +/- 1.9% compared with the chart diagnosis codes (p-value < 0.001) and an increase in AUROC from 0.61 [95% CI: 060-0.63] to 0.91 [95% CI 0.90-0.92]. Conclusions: We developed and externally validated a deep learning language model that automatically identifies HFrEF from clinical notes with high precision and accuracy, representing a key element in automating quality assessment and improvement for individuals with HFrEF.
Safety and efficacy of hyaluronic acid injectable filler in the treatment of nasolabial fold wrinkle: a randomized, double-blind, self-controlled clinical trial

Abstract Introduction The injectable skin fillers available for soft tissue augmentation are constantly growing, providing esthetic surgeons with more options in the treatment of scars, lines, and wrinkles. Hyaluronic acid (HA)-derived injectable fillers are ideal to reduce the appearance of nasolabial folding. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of the commercially available HA filler from Maxigen Biotech Inc. (MBI-FD) in the treatment of nasolabial folds (NLFs). Methods We analyzed 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) residues and injection force test and observed the protein content in MBI-FD, and then was cultured in fibroblast L929 cells and examined for cytotoxicity. Finally, 95 healthy participants underwent dermal filler injection therapy to evaluate the efficacy and safety for 24 and 52 weeks, respectively. Results BDDE residues in MBI-FD was <0.125 µg/mL. MBI-FD was fitted using 27- and 30-G injection needles with an average pushing force of 14.30 ± 2.07 and 36.43 ± 3.11 N, respectively. Sodium hyaluronate protein in MBI-FD was 7.19 µg/g. The cell viabilities of 1× and 0.5× MBI-FD were 83.25% ± 3.58% and 82.23% ± 1.85%, respectively, indicating MBI-FD had no cytotoxicity, and decreased NLF wrinkles with no serious adverse events. Conclusion MBI-FD is an effective filler for tissue augmentation of the NLFs and may be a suitable candidate as an injectable dermal filler for tissue augmentation in humans in the future.
IMPACTITES AND RELATED LITHOLOGIES IN GERMANY – CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE

Germany, as the country of the Nordlinger Ries and pioneer impact studies [1], is of particular significance to impact research. The ~24 km and ~14.6 Ma Ries crater and the ~3.8 km Steinheim Basin in S Germany, both associated with a full suite of proximal impact ejecta (i.e., lithic impact breccias, suevites, and impact melt rocks), count among the best preserved impact structures on Earth [2;3]. Distal Ries ejecta comprise the Central European tektite (‘moldavite’) strewn field, parts of which extend into Lusatia/Saxony [4], as well as the ‘Brock-horizont’ layer in Bavaria and Baden-Wurttemberg [5]. Apart from the Ries and Steinheim craters, some enigmatic structures have been proposed to be of impact origin [6-10], however, all of these geologic features currently lack evidence for shock metamorphism and/or meteoritic matter as proof for impact.