Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-resolved microrheology of actively remodeling actomyosin networks

Living cells constitute an extraordinary state of matter since they are inherently out of thermal equilibrium due to internal metabolic processes. Indeed, measurements of particle motion in the cytoplasm of animal cells have revealed clear signatures of nonthermal fluctuations superposed on passive thermal motion. However, it has been difficult to pinpoint the exact molecular origin of this activity. Here, we employ time-resolved microrheology based on particle tracking to measure nonequilibrium fluctuations produced by myosin motor proteins in a minimal model system composed of purified actin filaments and myosin motors. We show that the motors generate spatially heterogeneous contractile fluctuations, which become less frequent with time as a consequence of motor-driven network remodeling. We analyze the particle tracking data on different length scales, combining particle image velocimetry, an ensemble analysis of the particle trajectories, and finally a kymograph analysis of individual particle trajectories to quantify the length and time scales associated with active particle displacements. All analyses show clear signatures of nonequilibrium activity: the particles exhibit random motion with an enhanced amplitude compared to passive samples, and they exhibit sporadic contractile fluctuations with ballistic motion over large (up to 30 μm) distances. This nonequilibrium activity diminishes with sample age, even though the adenosine triphosphate level is held constant. We propose that network coarsening concentrates motors in large clusters and depletes them from the network, thus reducing the occurrence of contractile fluctuations. Our data provide valuable insight into the physical processes underlying stress generation within motor-driven actin networks and the analysis framework may prove useful for future microrheology studies in cells and model organisms.
Bipolar charge transport model with trapping and recombination: an analysis of the current versus applied electric field characteristic in steady state conditions

A bipolar model of transport intended to describe the behaviour of polyethylene under dc stress in steady state conditions is presented. The model is based on Poisson's equation and the conservation law of charges, with trapping, detrapping and recombination phenomena being taken into account. Electric field and carrier concentrations are formulated for double-carrier injection and boundary conditions are given by the Schottky injection law. This system of equations with partial differential functions is solved using a finite volume method. The current versus applied electric field characteristic is obtained and analysed for different parameter sets of the model in order to understand their role in the predicted macroscopic behaviour. To do so, we consider two approaches. In a first step, the simulation has been realized with symmetric parameters for positive and negative charge carriers in order to facilitate the interpretation. In a second step, asymmetric parameters have been considered in the model as it constitutes a more realistic situation. Results show that the recombination plays an essential role in order to obtain the two changes in slope, forming a sigmoid-like shape in the current–voltage characteristic as observed experimentally in this kind of material.
2D constant-loss taper for mode conversion

Proposed in this manuscript is a novel taper geometry, the constant-loss taper (CLT). This geometry is derived with 1D slabs of silicon embedded in silicon dioxide using coupled-mode theory (CMT). The efficiency of the CLT is compared to both linear and parabolic tapers using CMT and 2D finite-difference time-domain simulations. It is shown that over a short 2D, 4.45 μm long taper the CLT's mode conversion efficiency is ~90% which is 10% and 18% more efficient than a 2D parabolic or linear taper, respectively.
Topography Estimation of Visual Evoked Potentials Using a Combination of Mathematical Models

This study proposes a method for estimating the topographical distribution of Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) from separated power spectrum components by a combination of models. VEPs with various temporal frequencies were recorded from nine healthy adults. The original power spectrum consisted of the VEP; background activities, artifacts, and other components were then obtained. To extract the VEP components from the original power spectrum, models corresponding to background activities, especially for posterior alpha rhythm, the low-frequency component and the high-frequency component, caused due to the EMG artifact, were constructed, and the relevant parameters were estimated. Finally, VEP components were calculated by subtracting them from the original power spectrum. The topographical distribution of the first harmonic (1F) and second harmonic (2F) components of the VEP were obtained by the proposed method. The estimation of the other components, aside from the VEPs, was also investigated. The merits and usefulness of the proposed method were analyzed with a comparison to the conventional stimulus-locked averaging method. The proposed method has several advantageous points compared to the conventional averaging method. Specifically, the posterior alpha rhythm and the EMG artifact were accounted for directly in the estimation of the VEP components. Therefore, an accurate estimation of the VEP components can be performed even the measurement of the components are prone to the error.
The Effect of Attitude and Trust on Behavioral Intention In The Modern Market Industry

This research gap is the relationship between trust and behavioral intention. Trust will be an element of novelty in this study that affects behavioral intention. This research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, which explains attitudes, which are influenced by subjective norms and determine behavior. This research aims to assess the effect of the relationship between hypotheses in the modern market industry, especially minimarkets. It used the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to distribute samples from a total of 245 respondents in the questionnaire. The testing was done using the IBM SPSS 25 program and SEM-AMOS 24 software. The results of this study indicate the rejection of one hypothesis that connects the influence of Smart Shopper Self Perception on behavioral intention in customers in the modern market industry, namely minimarkets.
The attenuation of P wave in a periodic layered porous media containing cracks

The attenuation and dispersion of seismic wave will occur because of the fluid flow of different scales in the porous medium when the seismic wave propagates in saturated medium.We build a periodic layered porous media containing cracks by introducing two kinds of microscopic "squirt-fluid" mechanism for the coin-shaped and pinchout-shaped cracked porous medium into the layered-White model based on the attenuation mechanisms of macroscopic "Biot" flow and mesoscopic local flow,we then solve the poroelastic equations using the Dutta' s mathematic techniques which make equations uncoupled for solutions to get the attenuation and dispersion velocity of P wave of the model and compare with the results of the layered-White model.The characteristics of attenuation and dispersion of P wave for the model are analyzed with the change of the parameters of the two kinds of cracks,namely crack density and crack aspect ratio,and the content of cracks.With the increase of the crack density of the coin-shaped and pinchout-shaped cracked porous medium,the influence on the attenuation and velocity of P wave increases.When the crack aspect ratio increases,a portion of attenuation of P wave moves to the higher frequency band.When the content of the crack decreases,which means that the crack density and aspect ratio reduces,the peak of attenuation of P wave decreases firstly and then increases,finally decreases again,and the velocity of P wave increases.The results finally approach to that of the layered-White model.Finally,we study the low and high frequency limit of the model and the character of the relative displacement of the model containing coin-shaped cracks.
Effectiveness and Safety of Belimumab in Chinese Lupus Patients: A Multicenter, Real-World Observational Study

Abstract Objective: The effectiveness and safety of belimumab in Chinese lupus patients with different disease activities were investigated in a real-world setting. Method: Patients who received 10 mg/kg belimumab intravenously on weeks 0, 2, and 4, and then every 4 weeks on a background of standard-of-care (SoC) therapy and had a follow-up of more than 6 months were enrolled from four centers in China. They were stratified according to the Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI) score at baseline as the moderate/severe (SELENA-SLEDAI > 6) or mild subgroups (SELENA-SLEDAI ≤ 6). Attainment of the Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS) or remission on treatment was analyzed in all patients. The SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI-4) and SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index (SFI) were evaluated for patients with moderate/severe disease and mild disease, respectively. Patients in the control arm with SoC alone from previous metformin lupus trials were selected by propensity score matching (PSM) as the reference group. Results: 224 SLE patients with a mean follow-up of 11.7 months receiving belimumab were enrolled in this observational study, of which 126 and 98 were in the moderate/severe and mild subgroup, respectively. At 12 months, 54.76% of the patients attained LLDAS and 28.57% attained remission. Lower daily prednisone at baseline were independently associated with 12-month LLDAS. Further, 87% of the subgroup with moderate/severe disease achieved SRI-4 at 12 months and a high SLEDAI at baseline was its predictive factor. For the mild subgroup, a reduced flare rate was observed compared with PSM reference (17.5%, vs. 38.6%, p = 0.021). Infection events, particularly viral infections and pneumonia were recorded in 7 and 6 patients, respectively. Conclusion: Our real-world data supported the effectiveness and safety of belimumab in Chinese lupus patients.
Existence and Performance of

The Shalvi-Weinstein (SW) criterion has become popular in the design of blind linear estimators of i.i. d. processes transmitted through unknown linear channels in the presence of unknown additive interference. Here we analyze SW estimators in a general multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) setting that allows near-arbitrary source/interference distributions and non-invertible channels. The main contributions of this paper are (i) a simple test for the existence of a SW estimator for the desired source and (ii) bounding expressions for the MSE of SW estimators that are a function of the minimum attainable MSE and the kurtoses of the source and interferers.
Fast multiphoton microfabrication of freeform polymer microstructures by spatiotemporal focusing and patterned generation

One of the limits of a conventional multiphoton microfabrication is its low throughput due to the sequential nature of scanning process. In this study, a multiphoton microfabrication system based on spatiotemporal focusing and patterned excitation has been developed to provide freeform polymer microstructures fast. The system integrates a 10 kHz repetition rate ultrafast amplifier featuring strong instantanrror device generating designed patterns at the focal plane. As the result, three-dimensional freeform polymer microstructures using Rose Bengal as the photoinitiator are created by sequentially stacking up two-dimensional (2D) structures layer-by-layer. The size of each 2D fabrication area can be larger than 100 × 100 μm2. Compared with scanning process or fixed mask pattern generation, this approach provides two- or three-fold fabrication speed and freeform microstructures. Furthermore, the system is capable of optical sectioning the fabricated microstructures for providing 3D inspection.
An Approach for Identification of Speaker using Deep Learning

The audio data is getting increased on daily basis across the world with the increase of telephonic conversations, video conferences, podcasts and voice notes. This study presents a mechanism for identification of a speaker in an audio file, which is based on the biometric features of human voice such as frequency, amplitude, and pitch. We proposed an unsupervised learning model which uses wav2vec 2.0 where the model learns speech representation with the dataset provided. We used Librispeech dataset in our research and we achieved our results at an error rate which is 1.8.
Efficient Anonymous Authentication and Privacy-Preserving Reliability Evaluation for Mobile Crowdsensing in Vehicular Networks

Mobile crowdsensing (MCS) is widely applied in vehicular networks where several sensing vehicles complete the same sensing task. Recently, the privacy and reliability of sensing vehicles have aroused extensive attention of researchers in academia. Although the majority of existing schemes have achieved anonymous authentication with large computation and communication overheads, they do not take the reliability of sensing vehicles into account when selecting sensing vehicles. In this article, we propose an efficient anonymous authentication and privacy-preserving reliability evaluation (AARE) scheme for MCS, which not only improves the efficiency of mutual authentication but also guarantees the reliability of sensing vehicles. Specifically, an efficient anonymous authentication method is proposed to achieve the anonymous authentication of sensing vehicles. Besides, even if a sensing vehicle passes anonymous authentication, it is difficult to fully guarantee its reliability. Then, a privacy-preserving reliability evaluation algorithm is adopted to evaluate the reliability of sensing vehicles. Meanwhile, in dynamic vehicular networks, the reliability of sensing vehicles is uncertain since there exist many attacks, thus, an accurate reputation update algorithm is designed. Subsequently, the privacy features, computation, and communication overheads in the proposed scheme are analyzed. Comparisons with the existing schemes show that the authentication efficiency of the proposed scheme is increased by 46%–74%, the communication overhead is reduced by 50%–80%, and the accuracy of reputation values of sensing vehicles which submit the reliable/unreliable sensing data is improved/reduced by 16%–22%/67%–74%.
Environmental Enrichment and Metformin Improve Metabolic Functions, Hippocampal Neuron Survival, and Hippocampal-Dependent Memory in High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Simple Summary Type 2 diabetes can lead to catastrophic complications, including neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Therefore, it is essential to identify effective therapeutic strategies to improve blood glucose levels and prevent the onset of complications. This study evidently showcases environmental enrichment as an effective therapy for preserving mental health in diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats. The outcomes of this study can be translated to clinical trials in diabetic patients. Environmental enrichment can be introduced as one of the alternative therapies for preventing diabetes in pre-diabetic individuals and in established diabetes alongside metformin or other hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy. Abstract Background: The Western-style diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) may eventually trigger neurodegeneration and memory impairment. Thus, it is essential to identify effective therapeutic strategies to overcome T2D complications. This study aimed to investigate the effects of environmental enrichment (EE) and metformin interventions on metabolic dysfunctions, hippocampal neuronal death, and hippocampal-dependent memory impairments in high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet-induced T2D rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats (200–250 g) were divided into four groups: C group (standard diet + conventional cage); D group (HFS diet + conventional cage); DE group (HFS diet + EE cage/6hr daily); and DM group (HFS diet + metformin + conventional cage). Body weight was measured every week. T-maze tasks, anthropometric, biochemical, histological, and morphometric parameters were measured. The expression changes of hippocampal genes were also analyzed. Results: The anthropometric and biochemical parameters were improved in DE and DM groups compared with the D group. DE and DM groups had significantly higher T-maze percentages than the D group. These groups also had better histological and morphometric parameters than the D group. The interventions of EE and metformin enhanced the expression of hippocampal genes related to neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity (BDNF/TrkB binding, PI3K-Akt, Ras–MAPK, PLCγ–Ca2+, and LTP). Conclusion: Environmental enrichment (EE) and metformin improved metabolic functions, hippocampal neuron survival, and hippocampal-dependent memory in HFS diet-induced T2D rats. The underlying mechanisms of these interventions involved the expression of genes that regulate neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Decline in Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim We investigated whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a decline in cognitive function in a cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals without known cognitive dysfunction diseases in Qatar. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on randomly selected participants aged 40–80 years from the Qatar Biobank, with data on cognitive tests and MetS components. Participants with a history of dementia, stroke, or mental disorders were excluded. MetS was diagnosed using the NCEP-ATP III criteria and cognitive performance was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Two cognitive function domains were assessed. These are speed of reaction, measured using the Reaction Time (RT), and short-term visual memory, measured using the Paired Associate Learning (PAL) test. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine associations between MetS and poor speed of reaction and poor memory performance. Results The mean age of the participants included was 49.8 years (SD 6.7). Of these, 51.9% were females and 88.0% were of Qatari nationality. Most of the 1000 participants had MetS (n=302) or 1–2 MetS components (n=523), whereas only 170 had no MetS components. There was a strong association between MetS and poor memory performance (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.04–2.96, P=0.034), but a weaker association with poor speed of reaction (OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.89–2.50, P=0.125). Conclusion In middle-aged and elderly individuals, MetS was strongly associated with diminished short-term visual memory, psychomotor coordination and motor speed.
Monitoring the Status of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases in Non-Endemic Implementation Units: A Case Study of Borgu in Northcentral Nigeria

Nigeria remains the most endemic country in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) for soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH). In line with ongoing monitoring plans, we present findings from a recent analysis of STH epidemiological data in Borgu, one of the non-endemic implementation units for STH in the northcentral region of Nigeria. An overall prevalence of 8.8% was recorded for STH infection, which corresponds to a 51.9% decline from the 18.3% reported in 2013. All the infected participants (36 out of 410) had a low intensity of infection. However, more than two-thirds (69%) of the children do not have access to latrine facilities, and 45% of them walk barefoot. Prevalence was significantly associated with community, age, and parental occupation. About 21–25% reduced odds were reported in some of the study communities, and children whose parents were traders had 20 times lower odds of infection compared to those whose parents were farmers. The ongoing preventive chemotherapy program for lymphatic filariasis in the area could be responsible for the huge reduction in prevalence and intensity estimates for STH. It is therefore important to invest in monitoring transmission dynamics in other non-endemic areas to arrest emerging threats through the provision of complementary interventions including WASH facilities and other health educational tools.
Optimized deep neural network based DDoS attack detection and bait mitigation process in software defined network

The software‐defined network (SDN) is a new network design with an operating system that allows better network quality control. The controller's primary role in an SDN network is to divide the control and forwarding planes in order to provide essential network power. The backup controller in an SDN may confront a variety of obstacles during a DDoS attack. It disrupts the flow of the network by attacking the service nodes hence obstructing the legitimate users from getting service. To overcome these issues, this work introduces a DDoS attack detection model that will aid in removing the attacker from the network. Initially, the input data is sent into the detection phase, which identifies the existence and kind of attacks. The presence of an attack is determined based on the data flow, and statistical features. With the reference of the extracted features, the optimized deep neural network (DNN) will decide the existence of attacker in the network. To make the decision more precise, the training of DNN will be carried out by self‐improved moth flame optimization (SIMFO) Algorithm via tuning the optimal weights. Once an attacker's presence has been identified, it is critical to remove the attacker's node from the network.
Whistler wave propagation in the antenna near and far fields in the Naval Research Laboratory Space Physics Simulation Chamber

In previous papers, early whistler propagation measurements were presented [W. E. Amatucci et al., IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33, 637 (2005)] as well as antenna impedance measurements [D. D. Blackwell et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 092106 (2007)] performed in the Naval Research Laboratory Space Physics Simulation Chamber (SPSC). Since that time there have been major upgrades in the experimental capabilities of the laboratory in the form of improvement of both the plasma source and antennas. This has allowed access to plasma parameter space that was previously unattainable, and has resulted in measurements that provide a significantly clearer picture of whistler propagation in the laboratory environment. This paper presents some of the first whistler experimental results from the upgraded SPSC. Whereas previously measurements were limited to measuring the cyclotron resonance cutoff and elliptical polarization indicative of the whistler mode, now it is possible to experimentally plot the dispersion relation itself.
Latitudinal point vortex rings on the spheroid

Point vortex motion on the surface of a spheroid is studied. Exact dynamical equations from the corresponding Hamiltonian are constructed by computing the conformal metric which induces a modified stereographic projection. As a concrete example, the motion of point vortices at the same latitude (called the point vortex ring) is investigated as an extension of the sphere case. The role of eccentricity to the stability of the rotating motion is analysed. The influence of a pole vortex is also discussed.
Cognitive Mechanism of Visual Inhibition of Return

Inhibition of return(IOR)refers to slower responses to targets appeared at previous attended locations than to those at control locations.Here we shall review the cognitive mechanism theories of IOR and discuss how IOR is generated and expressed.We have classified the theories into two broad categories:the first category of theories focus on how IOR affects different stages of information processing,which includes perceptual inhibition theory,motor/response inhibition theory,dual components theory and inhibitory tagging theory;The second category of theories tend to focus more on how the top-down factors,such as task set,modulate the expression of IOR,which includes integration-segregation theory and three factors theory.