Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Malic Acid Improves Behavioral, Biochemical, and Molecular Disturbances in the Hypothalamus of Stressed Rats.

BACKGROUND Stress can lead to emotional and mental symptoms such as anxiety, sadness, panic attacks, and depression. Malic acid was chosen due to malic acid has the ability to improve antioxidant activity and improves liver damage. This study evaluates malic acid anti-depressant activity in the hypothalamus of stressed rats. METHODS Thirty-six male albino rats were divided into 2 equal groups; Normal and chronic mild stress (CMS) rats. Normal rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control, malic acid, and venlafaxine drug groups: normal rats were administered orally with 1 mL of saline solution, 250 mg/kg of malic acid, and 20 mg/kg of venlafaxine drug, respectively. CMS rats were divided into 3 equal groups; CMS, CMS + malic acid, and CMS + venlafaxine drug: CMS rats were administered orally with 1 mL of saline solution, 250 mg/kg of malic acid, and 20 mg/kg of venlafaxine drug, respectively. All the above-mentioned treatments were administered once a day by oral gavage for 6 weeks. RESULTS The obtained results revealed that the animal behavioral tests such as forced swimming test, tail suspension test, sucrose preference test, and open-field test (center square entries test, center square duration test, and distance travelled test), norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, γ-aminobutyric acid, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, oxidative index, conjugated dienes, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, sodium/potassium-ATPase activity, and histamine-N-methyl transferase (Hnmt) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) enzymes in the hypothalamus of stressed rats, were returned to approaching the normal state in the stressed group after treating with malic acid for 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Malic acid ameliorated stressed-related symptoms and it inhibited superoxide anion and neuro-inflammation in the hypothalamus of stressed rats.
Event-triggered adaptive robust fault-tolerant control for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems

In this paper, the adaptive robust fault-tolerant control problem for a class of switched nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainty, disturbances and actuator failures is concerned based on event-triggered control strategy. The adaptive laws based on state-dependent switched strategy are designed to eliminate the effects of actuator faults and parameter uncertainties by using the estimations of the unknown upper bounds of uncertain parameters. Then, the robust fault-tolerant technique and multiple Lyapunov functions method are used, the designed controller can guarantee that all signals of the switched closed-loop systems are uniformly bounded. Meanwhile, the desired performance of the systems is promised. Finally, the simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Numerical Investigation of Hydromagnetic Effect on the Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Circular Cylinder in an Enclosed Enclosure

The natural convection heat transfer from horizontal circular cylinder placed in a square enclosure is investigated numerically. The study deals with the effect of magnetic field on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The investigation employs different Hartman numbers (0, 50, 100, 200), different Rayleigh numbers (103, 104, and 105) with constant enclosure width to cylinder diameter ratios W/D = 2.5. The study included the solving of the governing equations in the form of the vorticity-stream function to be fitted with coordinate system. The algebraic grid generation is used to generate initial transformation. The elliptic grid generation is used to fit with physical domain between the heated horizontal cylinder and the enclosure into a computational domain. The resulting equations are solved using finite difference method that based on the finite volume. The research studied the influence of the variation the Hartman number on the local and average Nusselt numbers, flow patterns and temperature distributions with different Rayleigh numbers. The effect of Hartman numbers on the flow patterns and temperature distributions will be displayed using streamlines and isotherms. The results show that the conduction heat transfer is the dominant mode for low Rayleigh numbers. The convection heat transfer is the dominant mode of the heat transfer for high Rayleigh number in absence of the magnetic effect. The convection heat transfer convert to conduction mode at high Rayleigh numbers due to the effect of the magnetic field in the fluid. Also, the results show that the behavior of the local Nusselt numbers for Ha = 0 are unique and differ from those of other higher Hartman numbers for all Rayleigh numbers.
Network representation learning: an overview

Networks are important ways of representing objects and their relationships. A key problem in the study of networks is how to represent the network information properly. With the developments in machine learning, feature learning of network vertices has become an important area of study. Network representation learning algorithms turn network information into dense, low-dimensional real-valued vectors that can be used as inputs for existing machine learning algorithms. For example, the representation of vertices can be fed to a classifier such as a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for vertex classification. In addition, the representations can be used for visualization by taking the representations as points in a Euclidean space. The study of network representation learning has attracted the attention of many researchers. In this article, recent works on network representation learning are introduced and summarized.
An anti- speckle multiplicative noise SAR and optical image registration method based on Zernike matrix-phase features

ABSTRACT As SAR adopts an oblique distance imaging mode, due to obvious speckle multiplicative noise, the registration accuracy of SAR and optical images is low. This study proposes using Zernike polynomials to fit the front of the complex SAR echo data to obtain its phase feature, simultaneously extracting the SAR Zernike matrix feature from the complex echo phase and optical image, and using it to construct the registration descriptor to realize the registration of SAR and optical images. Experimental results show that the proposed method avoids the problem of obvious coherent speckle noise, the target characteristics are more prominent, the registration accuracy is higher, and the ability to recognize SAR targets and scenes is improved.
Multiple Shooting and Mesh Adaptation for PDE Constrained Optimization Problems

In this thesis, multiple shooting methods for optimization problems constrained by partial differential equations are developed, and, furthermore, a posteriori error estimates and local mesh refinement techniques for these problems are derived. Two different approaches, referred to as the direct and the indirect multiple shooting approach, are developed. While the first approach applies multiple shooting to the constraining equation and sets up the optimality system afterwards, in the latter approach multiple shooting is applied to the optimality system of the optimization problem. The setup of both multiple shooting methods in a function space setting and their discrete analogs are discussed, and different solution and preconditioning techniques are investigated. Furthermore, error representation formulas based on Galerkin orthogonality are derived. They involve sensitivity analysis by means of an adjoint problem and employ standard error representation on subintervals combined with additional projection errors at the shooting nodes. A posteriori error estimates and mesh refinement indicators are derived from this error representation. Several mesh structures originating from different restrictions to local refinement are discussed. Finally, numerical results for the solid state fuel ignition model are presented. This model describes an explosive system that does not allow the solution by standard solution techniques on the whole time domain and is a typical example for the application of time domain decomposition methods like multiple shooting.
Enhanced Southern Ocean CO2 outgassing as a result of stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric westerlies

Abstract. While the Southern Ocean (SO) provides the largest oceanic sink of carbon, some observational studies have suggested that the SO total CO2 (tCO2) uptake exhibited large (∼ 0.3 GtC yr−1) decadal-scale variability over the last 30 years, with a similar SO tCO2 uptake in 2016 as in the early 1990s. Here, using an eddy-rich ocean, sea-ice, carbon cycle model, with a nominal resolution of 0.1∘, we explore the changes in total, natural and anthropogenic SO CO2 fluxes over the period 1980–2021 and the processes leading to the CO2 flux variability. The simulated tCO2 flux exhibits decadal-scale variability with an amplitude of ∼ 0.1 GtC yr−1 globally in phase with observations. Notably, two stagnations in tCO2 uptake are simulated: between 1982 and 2000, and between 2003 and 2011, while re-invigorations are simulated between 2000 and 2003, as well as since 2012. This decadal-scale variability is primarily due to changes in natural CO2 (nCO2) fluxes south of the polar front associated with variability in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Positive phases of the SAM, i.e. stronger and poleward shifted southern hemispheric (SH) westerlies, lead to enhanced SO nCO2 outgassing due to higher surface natural dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) brought about by a combination of Ekman-driven vertical advection and DIC diffusion at the base of the mixed layer. The pattern of the CO2 flux anomalies indicate a dominant control of the interaction between the mean flow south of the polar front and the main topographic features. While positive phases of the SAM also lead to enhanced anthropogenic CO2 (aCO2) uptake south of the polar front, the amplitude of the changes in aCO2 fluxes is only 25 % of the changes in nCO2 fluxes. Due to the larger nCO2 outgassing compared to aCO2 uptake as the SH westerlies strengthen and shift poleward, the SO tCO2 uptake capability thus reduced since 1980 in response to the shift towards positive phases of the SAM. Our results indicate that, even in an eddy-rich ocean model, a strengthening and/or poleward shift of the SH westerlies enhance CO2 outgassing. The projected poleward strengthening of the SH westerlies over the coming century will, thus, reduce the capability of the SO to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2.
Klasifikasi Kualitas Keramik Menggunakan Metode Deteksi Tepi Laplacian of Gaussian dan Prewitt

Pengklasifikasian kualitas keramik dari proses produksi keramik masih dilakukan secara manual menggunakan penglihatan manusia. Akan tetapi mata manusia mempunyai batas kejenuhan dan kelelahan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi keakuratan dalam penyeleksian kualitas keramik. Untuk itu fungsi mata manusia digantikan dengan suatu proses otomatisasi yang dapat mengklasifikasikan kualitas keramik secara lebih cepat dan akurat. Proses yang dilakukan adalah dengan mendeteksi cacat pada keramik menggunakan metode deteksi tepi Laplacian of Gaussian dan Prewitt. Kemudian dilakukan pencocokan terhadap citra keramik acuan menggunakan operasi selisih piksel untuk menentukan jenis kualitas keramik.
Student Objections to and Understanding of Non-Cartesian Unit Vector Notation in Upper-Level E&M

The upper level E&M course (i.e. based on Griffiths [1]) involves the extensive integration of vector calculus concepts and notation with abstract physics concepts like field and potential. We hope that students take what they have learned in their math classes and apply it to help represent and make sense of the physics. Previous work showed that physics majors at different levels (pre-E&M course, post-E&M course, 1st year graduate students) had great difficulty using non-Cartesian unit vector symbols appropriately in a particular context [2]. Since then we have developed a series of problems they work on in groups and discuss as a whole class [3] to help them confront and resolve some of their difficulties. This paper presents those problems, typical in-class group responses, and three years of post-test data. Results show that students have (i) a very strong initial negative reaction to the vagueness of the r̂ symbol, and (ii) an improved functional understanding of the notation as demonstrated by a better ability to use the symbols appropriately.
Platelet-rich plasma in the pathologic processes of tendinopathy: a review of basic science studies

Tendinopathy is a medical condition that includes a spectrum of inflammatory and degenerative tendon changes caused by traumatic or overuse injuries. The pathological mechanism of tendinopathy has not been well defined, and no ideal treatment is currently available. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous whole blood derivative containing a variety of cytokines and other protein components. Various basic studies have found that PRP has the therapeutic potential to promote cell proliferation and differentiation, regulate angiogenesis, increase extracellular matrix synthesis, and modulate inflammation in degenerative tendons. Therefore, PRP has been widely used as a promising therapeutic agent for tendinopathy. However, controversies exist over the optimal treatment regimen and efficacy of PRP for tendinopathy. This review focuses on the specific molecular and cellular mechanisms by which PRP manipulates tendon healing to better understand how PRP affects tendinopathy and explore the reason for the differences in clinical trial outcomes. This article has also pointed out the future direction of basic research and clinical application of PRP in the treatment of tendinopathy, which will play a guiding role in the design of PRP treatment protocols for tendinopathy.
PENATALAKSANAAN FISIOTERAPI PADA KASUS POST OPERASI MENISCUS REPAIR DEXTRA DI KLINIK BINTANG PHYSIO : STUDI KASUS

Pendahuluan: Robekan meniskus merupakan salah satu yang paling umum cedera lutut yang dirawat. Meniskus sangat penting untuk fungsi normal lutut, termasuk beban transmisi, stabilitas sendi, pelumasan, dan nutrisi dari tulang rawan artikular. Hilangnya fungsi meniskus normal menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan kontak lutut dan tulang rawan articular degenerasi dari waktu ke waktu. Perbaikan meniscus (meniscus repair) adalah salah satu jenis operasi yang dilakukan Ketika meniscus haru dilakukan operasi dengan cara menjahit meniscus yang mengalami robekan. Fisioterapi sangat berperan penting dalam perbaikan meniscus dengan latihan isometric, isokinetic yang bertujuan untuk menguatkan grub otot-otot yang lemah. Tujuan: meningkatkan ke fase seterusnya dan meningkatkan aktivitas fungsional untuk bisa Kembali kebidang olahraga. Metode: subjek diberikan latihan penguatan isometric dan isokinetic selama 4 minggu yang dilakukan 3x/minggu. Hasil: evaluasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrument penggukuran Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Range Of Motion (ROM), Manual Muscle Testing, dan Antropometri. Kesimpulan: terdapat peningkatan pada ROM, MMT, dan Antropometri setelah diberikan terapi Lathan selama 4 minggu.
Analysis of Conversational Implicature in The Big Bang Theory From the Perspective of Cooperation Principle

In 1967, Grice first proposed the cooperation principle (CP). He believed that people tend to conceal their words rather than express their ideas directly in daily communication, thus giving rise to conversational implicature. The goal of this topic is to analyse the humorous dialogue of The Big Bang Theory from the perspective of violating the cooperation principle so that readers can better understand their conversational implicature. After finishing the analysis of conversational implicature in The Big Bang Theory , the author finds that speakers often use sarcasm, hyperbole, metaphor, and other rhetorical devices to implicitly express their real intention in the process of communication, thus violating the cooperation principle and producing conversational implicature. The research value of this paper lies in helping people have a better understanding of the speaker’s intention in daily communication and improve their enthusiasm in English learning.
Waste Water Treatment by Liquid-Solid Adsorption Using Calcined Sand-Clay Mixture Adsorbent

Effluent from incompetent wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains a great variety of pollutants so support water treatments are essential. The present work studies the removal of phosphate species from aqueous solutions by adsorption on to spherical Calcined Sand -Clay mixture (CSCM) used a natural, local and low-cost adsorbent. Batch experiments were performed to estimate removal efficiency of phosphate. The adsorption experiments were carried out as function of pH, dose of adsorbent, initial concentration, temperature and time of adsorption. The efficient removal was accomplished for pH between 10 and 12. The experimental results also showed that the removal of phosphate by (CSCM) was rapid (the % removal 98.9%, 92%, 90%, 89% in 60 min) when the initial phosphate concentrations were at 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/l, respectively at optimum PH 10-12 and optimum dose was 5 gm/200ml. The adsorption process is time dependent. Thermodynamic studies showed that phosphate adsorption was exothermic. The effect of temperature range of 15-30 °C has been investigated. The results indicated that the temperature significantly affected phosphate adsorption on (CSCM) adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models indicated that both isotherms were proper to describe the adsorption characteristics of (CSCM), with Langmuir being more fit. Adsorption capacity of phosphate had equal to 0.835 mg phosphorous/g adsorbent. The study reveal that calcined sand-clay mixture is an excellent low cost material for phosphate removal in wastewater treatment process .
Bistable and monostable reaction equations with doubly nonlinear diffusion

Reaction-diffusion equations appear in biology and chemistry, and combine linear diffusion with different kind of reaction terms. Some of them, are remarkable from the mathematical point of view, since they possess families of travelling waves that describe the asymptotic behaviour of a larger class of solutions $0\leq u(x,t)\leq 1$ of the problem posed in the real line. We investigate here the existence of waves with constant propagation speed, when the linear diffusion is replaced by the "slow" doubly nonlinear diffusion. In the present setting we consider bistable and monostable reaction terms, which present interesting deviances from the Fisher-KPP framework recently studied in [AA-JLV]. For both type of reactions, we find different families of travelling waves that are employed to describe the wave propagation of more general solutions and to study the stability/instability of the steady states, even when we extend the study to several space dimensions. A similar study is performed in the critical case that we call "pseudo-linear, i.e., when the operator is still nonlinear but has homogeneity one. With respect to the classical model and the "pseudo-linear" case, the travelling waves of the "slow" diffusion setting exhibit free boundaries.
Do Brain Oscillations Orchestrate Memory?

Rhythmicity and oscillations are common features in nature, and can be seen in phenomena such as seasons, breathing, and brain activity. Despite the fact that a single neuron transmits its activity to its neighbor through a transient pulse, rhythmic activity emerges from large population-wide activity in the brain, and such rhythms are strongly coupled with the state and cognitive functions of the brain. However, it is still debated whether the oscillations of brain activity actually carry information. Here, we briefly introduce the biological findings of brain oscillations, and summarize the recent progress in understanding how oscillations mediate brain function. Finally, we examine the possible relationship between brain cognitive function and oscillation, focusing on how oscillation is related to memory, particularly with respect to state-dependent memory formation and memory retrieval under specific brain waves. We propose that oscillatory waves in the neocortex contribute to the synchronization and activation of specific memory trace ensembles in the neocortex by promoting long-range neural communication.
The Effect of Nylon 6.6 Nanofiber Layers on Mechanical Properties of Epoxy

1 Mechanical Engineering Department, Iskenderun Technical University, Iskenderun 31200, Turkey 2 Seydisehir Vocational School, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42370, Turkey 3 Ilgın Vocational School, Selcuk University, Konya, 42600, Turkey --------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------In this study mechanical properties of epoxy resin reinforced with different numbers of nanofiber layers of nylon 6.6 which produced with electrospinning method was investigated. Solution of 10 wt % of Nylon 6.6/ formic acid was used for electrospinning. The special molds were prepared to produce the laminated composite plates. Static tensile tests were performed, and the specimens were evaluated with respect to tensile strength and elongation at break, which are aspects of their basic mechanical properties.
Consecutively Choosing between Three Experiments for Estimating Prevalence Rate of a Trait with Imperfect Tests

The concept of pool testing originated with Dorfman in the context of blood testing as an economical method of testing blood samples of army inductees in order to detect the characteristic of interest. Apart from classification problem, pool testing can also be used in estimating the prevalence rate of a trait in a population which was the focus of our study. In approximating the prevalence rate, one-at-a-time testing is time consuming, expensive and is bound to errors hence pool testing procedures have been proposed to address these problems. Despite these procedures, when pool testing strategies are used using imperfect kits, there tend to be loss of sensitivity. Lost sensitivity of a test is recovered by retesting pools classified positive in the initial test. This study has developed statistical model which is used to consecutively choosing some combination of the three experiments namely: one–at-a-time, pooled testing and pooled testing with retesting of the positive pools for estimating the prevalence rate of a trait with imperfect tests. The experiments are selected sequentially, so that at each stage, the information available at that stage is used to determine which experiment to carry out at the next stage. The method of maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is used in obtaining the estimators. The Fisher information for each of the three experiments is compared and the cut-point values where one experiment is better than the other are computed. Properties of the estimators are discussed and compared and the joint model is found to be more efficient.
Efficient Approach to Scheduling of Transient Processes for Time-Constrained Single-Arm Cluster Tools With Parallel Chambers

In wafer manufacturing, extensive research on the operations of cluster tools under the steady state has been reported. However, with the shrinking down of wafer lot size, such tools are frequently required to switch from handling one lot of wafers to another, resulting in more transient processes, including start-up and close-down ones. Also, wafer residency time constraint is critical for many wafer fabrication processes. To cope with the transient scheduling problem of time-constrained single-arm cluster tools with parallel chambers, based on a generalized backward strategy, this paper first builds timed Petri net models for these two transient processes. Then, two linear programs are derived for the first time to search a feasible schedule with a minimal makespan. Two industrial examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the obtained results at last.