Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shades of Darkness: A Pecking Order of Trading Venues1

Shades of Darkness: A Pecking Order of Trading Venues We characterize the dynamic fragmentation of U.S. equity markets using a unique dataset that disaggregates dark transactions by venue types. The “pecking order” hypothesis of trading venues states that investors “sort” various venue types, putting low-cost-low-immediacy venues on top and highcost-high-immediacy venues at the bottom. Hence, midpoint dark pools on top, non-midpoint dark pools in the middle, and lit markets at the bottom. As predicted, following VIX shocks, macroeconomic news, and firms’ earnings surprises, changes in venue market shares become progressively more positive (or less negative) down the pecking order. We further document heterogeneity across dark venue types and stock size groups.
A strategy for the development of a tourist trail of the Decapolis sites in Northern Jordan

This study investigates how the diverse archaeology of Jordan can be presented to different segmentations of visitors. As a country with abundant archaeological resources and heritage potential for tourism industry, there should be serious consideration toward the management and development of such resources in order to preserve them for future generations on the one hand and to provide economic benefits both to the local community and the national economy. The diversification of heritage tourism packages, and proposals for different alternatives among the potential of variety of different heritage sources, is one of the more efficient ways of spreading the load across the major sites in the country. As a case study, the creation of a tourist trail among the Decapolis cities is outlined since these cities form an important component of the history of Jordan and exploring their variety and diversity may give them further meaning and significance. Some of the cities suffer from an overloading of visitors while others do not receive an adequate measurement of attention either by the authorities or by the visitors themselves; therefore, this study focuses on the site of Abila as an example of how a city with significant potential for tourism might be developed through presentation of the city using non-invasive techniques such as geophysics. The study explores these issues in the context of heritage management and related legislation in Jordan alongside consideration of the community’s role in tourism and how their aspirations are also met.
Some examples and counterexamples for (min,+) filtering operations

: This paper collects a serie of examples and counterexamples encountered in the study of the algorithmics of Network Calculus operations. Network Calculus is a deterministic queuing theory which aims at providing bounds on the performances of communication networks thanks to a nice formalization in (min ; +) algebra. Often presented as a (min ; +) (cid:12)ltering theory by analogy with the (+ ; (cid:2) ) (cid:12)ltering of traditional system theory, it makes use a well-de(cid:12)ned set of operations. Their algorithmic aspects have not been much addressed. For this reason, we describe and analyze in [2] a set of algorithms implementing these Network Calculus operations for a well-chosen class of functions. During this work, we had to construct some examples and counterexamples in order to draw the limits of our results or to illustrate them. Many of them have been omitted in [2], and are now presented in this companion-paper.
Production Costs in Developing Fisheries Under Itqs: The New Zealand King Clam Fishery

Entrepreneurial New Zealand harvesters created a viable diving fishery for King Clams, Panopea zelandica, in the 1970's contributing to the development of allocation rights to harvest. Once under the quota management system (QMS), however, allocations for allowable catch do not reflect the harvest potential for this fishery. Expectations for quota value and welfare are reduced by the fishery costs of production combined with the capital needed to develop the fishery. This paper identifies all costs of production in the development of this fishery combined with governance scenarios that address the multiple objectives of quota holders. Choosing the harvest approach to a developing fishery under a quota management scheme has flexibility but it is important to manage the shareholders interests while growing the fishery. The working model will specify the production and cost functions for a hypothetical quota owner/harvester under alternative governance scenarios that contribute to quota owner objectives. The model investigates scenarios to evaluate development approaches to improve quota holdings and promote the fishery over time.
POINT OF VIEW: URBAN RAIL TRANSIT SYSTEMS. RECOGNIZING THE VALUE OF RAIL TRANSIT

This article examines the strong impact of rail transit on cities in terms of transportation patterns, land use development, and the quality of life. It then looks at rail transit developments in recent decades, followed by a discussion of what makes a rail transit system successful. Next, difficulties in forecasting are examined, and it is pointed out that, while some errors in cost and ridership projections do exist and deserve attention, the Urban Mass Transportation Administration report "Urban Rail Transit Projects: Forecast Versus Actual Ridership and Costs" (1989) exaggerates these errors. Similar examples of missed forecasts for the Interstate highway system and the multimillion dollar eight-lane highway tunnel at the foot of Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., are pointed out. It is concluded that, if the UMTA findings were correct, "rail systems are successful even with higher costs and lower ridership than those meeting UMTA's criteria".
A finite elements method to solve the Bloch-Torrey equation applied to diffusion magnetic resonance imaging of biological tissues

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique that gives a measure of the diffusion characteristics of water in biological tissues, notably, in the brain. The hindrances that the microscopic cellular structure poses to water diffusion are statistically aggregated into the measurable macroscopic dMRI signal. Inferring the microscopic structure of the tissue from the dMRI signal allows one to detect pathological regions and to monitor functional properties of the brain. For this purpose, one needs a clearer understanding of the relation between the tissue microstructure and the dMRI signal. This requires novel numerical tools capable of simulating the dMRI signal arising from complex microscopic geometrical models of tissues. We propose such a numerical method based on linear finite elements that allows for a more accurate description of complex geometries. The finite elements discretization is coupled to the adaptive Runge-Kutta Chebyshev time stepping method. This method, which leads to the second order convergence in both time and space, is implemented on FeniCS C++ platform. We also use the mesh generator Salome to work efficiently with multiple-compartment and periodic geometries. Four applications of the method for studying the dMRI signal inside multi-compartment models are considered. In the first application, we investigate the long-time asymptotic behavior of the dMRI signal and show the convergence of the apparent diffusion coefficient to the effective diffusion tensor computed by homogenization. The second application aims to numerically verify that a two-compartment model of cells accurately approximates the three-compartment model, in which the interior cellular compartment and the extracellular space are separated by a finite thickness membrane compartment. The third application consists in validating the macroscopic Karger model of dMRI signals that takes into account compartmental exchange. The last application focuses on the dMRI signal arising from isolated neurons. We propose an efficient one-dimensional model for accurately computing the dMRI signal inside neurite networks in which the neurites may have different radii. We also test the validity of a semi-analytical expression for the dMRI signal arising from neurite networks.
Monitoring Strategies for REDD+: Integrating Field, Airborne, and Satellite Observations of Amazon Forests

Large-scale tropical forest monitoring efforts in support of REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation plus enhancing forest carbon stocks) confront a range of challenges. REDD+ activities typically have short reporting time scales, diverse data needs, and low tolerance for uncertainties. Meeting these challenges will require innovative use of remote sensing data, including integrating data at different spatial and temporal resolutions. The global scientific community is engaged in developing, evaluating, and applying new methods for regional to global scale forest monitoring. Pilot REDD+ activities are underway across the tropics with support from a range of national and international groups, including SilvaCarbon, an interagency effort to coordinate US expertise on forest monitoring and resource management. Early actions on REDD+ have exposed some of the inherent tradeoffs that arise from the use of incomplete or inaccurate data to quantify forest area changes and related carbon emissions. Here, we summarize recent advances in forest monitoring to identify and target the main sources of uncertainty in estimates of forest area changes, aboveground carbon stocks, and Amazon forest carbon emissions.
A Biomimetic Radar System for Autonomous Navigation

This paper presents a novel biomimetic radar sensor for autonomous navigation. To accomplish this, we have drawn inspiration from the sensory mechanisms present in an echolocating mammal, the common big-eared bat (Micronycteris microtis). We demonstrate the correspondence in both the hardware, system model, and signal processing. To validate the performance of the sensor, we have developed a complementary control system based on subsumption architecture, which allows the system to autonomously navigate unknown environments. This architecture consist of separate behaviors with different levels of complexity, which are combined to produce the overall functionality of the system. We describe each behavior separately and examine their performance in real-world navigation experiments. For this purpose, the system is placed in two distinct office environments with the goal of achieving smooth and stable trajectories. Here, we can observe noticeable improvements when employing high-level behaviors. Furthermore, we utilize the data collected during the navigation experiments to perform simultaneous localization and mapping, using an algorithm developed in our earlier work. These results show a substantial improvement over the odometry. We attribute this to the fact that the system traverses stable and repetitive paths, which facilitates place recognition.
Cistus heterophyllus nothosubsp. marzoi, nsubsp. nov. (Cistaceae)

Se describe un nuevo hibrido dentro del genero Cistus L. (Cistaceae) producto del cruzamiento entre C. heterophyllus subsp. carthaginensis (Pau) M.B. Crespo & Mateo y C. heterophyllus Desf. subsp. heterophyllus, que aqui proponemos como C. heterophyllus nothosubsp. marzoi, nsubsp. nov. Este hibrido ha sido generado en el Centro para la Investigacion y Experimentacion Forestal de la Generalitat Valenciana (CIEF), en los viveros de Quart de Poblet (Valencia, Espana).
FindingsMetaanalysis of the Temporal Evolution of MR Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration:

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is usually caused by a lesion in the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret and presents clinically as palatal tremor. Although the imaging features have been well described, the temporal course of hypertrophy and T2 signal increase in the inferior olivary nucleus (ION) has not been fully characterized. Our purpose was to evaluate the time course of MR imaging features of HOD caused by a lesion within the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret. METHODS: The temporal progression of HOD in 45 patients with symptomatic palatal tremor was obtained by extrapolation of combined MR imaging data from six patients treated at our institution and 39 patients reported in the literature. The MR examinations and reports were reviewed for presence of hyperintense signal in the ION on T2-weighted images, hypertrophy of the ION, and an inciting lesion in the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret. The interval between the MR examination and the inciting lesion was determined. RESULTS: Increased olivary signal on T2-weighted images ﬁrst appeared 1 month after the inciting lesion and persisted for at least 3 to 4 years. Olivary hypertrophy initially developed 6 months after the acute event and resolved by 3 to 4 years. CONCLUSION: Visible changes on MR images in the ION in patients with a lesion in the triangle of Guillain and Mollaret correlate well with the described sequential histopathologic ﬁndings.
The inﬂuence of syn-depositional macropores on the hydraulic 1 integrity of thick alluvial clay aquitards

21 Clay rich deposits are commonly assumed to be aquitards which act as natural hydraulic barri-22 ers due to their low hydraulic connectivity. Post-depositional weathering processes are known to 23 increase the permeability of aquitards in the near surface but not impact on deeper parts of rela-24 tively thick formations. However, syn-depositional processes aﬀecting the hydraulic properties of 25 aquitards have previously received little attention in the literature. Here, we analyze a 31 m deep 26 sediment core recovered from an inland clay-rich sedimentary sequence using a combination of 27 techniques including particle size distribution and microscopy, centrifuge dye tracer testing and 28 micro X-ray CT imaging. Sub-aerial deposition of soils within these ﬁne grained alluvial deposits 29 have led to the preservation of considerable macropores (root channels or animal burrows). Con-30 nected pores and macropores thus account for vertical hydraulic conductivity ( K ) of 4 . 2 · 10 − 9 31 m/s (geometric mean of 13 samples) throughout the thick aquitard, compared to a matrix K that 32 is likely <10 − 10 m/s, the minimum K value that was measured. Our testing demonstrates that such 33 syn-depositional features may compromise the hydraulic integrity of what otherwise appears to 34 have the characteristics of a much lower permeability aquitard. Heterogeneity within a clay rich 35 matrix could also enhance vertical connectivity, as indicated by digital analysis of pore morphol-36 ogy in CT images. We highlight that the paleo-environment under which the sediment was de-37 posited must be considered when aquitards are investigated as potential natural hydraulic barriers 38 and illustrate the value of combining multiple investigation techniques for characterising clay-rich 39 deposits. 40
Cranial Neuropathy

MRI orbit face neck without and with IV contrast 8 This procedure is performed in conjunction with MRI of the head. O MRI head without IV contrast 6 O MRI orbit face neck without IV contrast 6 O CT maxillofacial with IV contrast 6 ☢☢ CT head with IV contrast 5 ☢☢☢ CT head without IV contrast 5 ☢☢☢ CT head without and with IV contrast 5 ☢☢☢ CT maxillofacial without IV contrast 5 ☢☢ CT maxillofacial without and with IV contrast 4 ☢☢☢ FDG-PET/CT whole body 2 ☢☢☢☢
Thermal Ratings of Submarine HV Cables Informed by Environmental Considerations

A lot of research has been carried out on the thermal behaviour of land-based cables. However the performance of submarine cables has not been extensively investigated despite numerous key differences between the two respective environments. For example, the marine environment can vary on a much more dynamic time scale. Migration of sedimentary bedforms may cause variations in the height of the seabed (i.e. cable burial depth) of up to 5m per year.
Synthesis of Multispectral Optical Images From SAR/Optical Multitemporal Data Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks

The synthesis of realistic data using deep learning techniques has greatly improved the performance of classifiers in handling incomplete data. Remote sensing applications that have profited from those techniques include translating images of different sensors, improving the image resolution and completing missing temporal or spatial data such as in cloudy optical images. In this context, this letter proposes a new deep-learning-based framework to synthesize missing or corrupted multispectral optical images using multimodal/multitemporal data. Specifically, we use conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) to generate the missing optical image by exploiting the correspondent synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data with a SAR-optical data from the same area at a different acquisition date. The proposed framework was evaluated in two land-cover applications over tropical regions, where cloud coverage is a major problem: crop recognition and wildfire detection. In both applications, our proposal was superior to alternative approaches tested in our experiments. In particular, our approach outperformed recent cGAN-based proposals for cloud removal, on average, by 7.7% and 8.6% in terms of overall accuracy and F1-score, respectively.
Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe

Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is a native, parasitic, seed plant that occurs essentially throughout the range of lodgepole pine in North America. It is the most damaging disease agent in lodgepole pine, causing severe growth loss and increased tree mortality. Surveys in the Rocky Mountains show that the parasite is found in one- to two-thirds of commercial lodgepole pine stands. Recent assessments of the effects of lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe in Montana, Colorado, and Wyoming indicate that the annual loss exceeds 40 million cubic feet (1.1 million m3) per year. Acceptable yields cannot be expected from stands infested when they are young. For example, 100-year-old stands that have been infested for 70 years averaged only 300 cubic feet (8 in') of wood per acre, while healthy stands of the same age on similar sites averaged 2,350 cubic feet (65 in') of wood per acre.
Nonlinear Unmixing of Hyperspectral Data via Deep Autoencoder Networks

Nonlinear spectral unmixing is an important and challenging problem in hyperspectral image processing. Classical nonlinear algorithms are usually derived based on specific assumptions on the nonlinearity. In recent years, deep learning shows its advantage in addressing general nonlinear problems. However, existing ways of using deep neural networks for unmixing are limited and restrictive. In this letter, we develop a novel blind hyperspectral unmixing scheme based on a deep autoencoder network. Both encoder and decoder of the network are carefully designed so that we can conveniently extract estimated endmembers and abundances simultaneously from the nonlinearly mixed data. Because an autoencoder is essentially an unsupervised algorithm, this scheme only relies on the current data and, therefore, does not require additional training. Experimental results validate the proposed scheme and show its superior performance over several existing algorithms.
The effect of education on female fertility behaviour in El Gebel El Akhder in Libya

I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . III DEDICATION . V TABLE OF CONTENTS . VI LIST OF TABLES . XI LIST OF FIGURES . XIV 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.
Knowledge Sharing training program and its effect on innovative behavior among nurse teachers

: Knowledge is found to be the main building block for the innovational process. Moreover, Knowledge sharing generates key information that ultimately facilitates and predicts organizational innovation Aim of the study: identifying the effect of knowledge sharing training program on innovative behavior among nurse teachers. Design: Quisi-experimental research design: pretest-posttest design. Setting: all secondary Technical Nursing Schools at Elfayoum governorate. Subjects: All the available nurse teachers who are working in the designated setting involved in the study. Tools of data collection: three data collection tools were used namely: Awareness questionnaire sheet, Knowledge sharing readiness questionnaire, and Innovative Behavior Inventory. Result: There were highly statistically significant differences between nurse teacher’s total awareness regarding knowledge sharing, and nurse teacher's total readiness to share knowledge throughout program phases. Moreover, there were highly statistically significant differences between satisfactory level of total innovative behavior among nurse teachers throughout program phases. Additionally, there was a positive highly statistically significance correlation between total readiness to share knowledge score and total awareness score, and between total innovative behavior score and total awareness score among nurse teachers throughout program phases. Conclusion: total readiness to share knowledge, and total innovative behavior among nurse teachers level was improved markedly throughout program phases. Recommendations: Organizations should stimulate knowledge sharing beyond the usual emphasis that can improve nurse teachers’ understanding of local routines and environments, and their capability to introduce innovation at work. Innovation and creativity can be developed through enabling knowledge and new ideas to be shared. Future investigation might include the impact that the nurse teachers’ knowledge sharing has on Innovative behavior.
New insight into the atmospheric chloromethane budget gained using gained using

Atmospheric chloromethane (CH3Cl) plays an important role in stratospheric ozone destruction, but many uncertainties still exist regarding strengths of both sources and sinks and the processes leading to formation of this naturally occurring gas. Recent work has identified a novel chemical origin for CH3Cl, which can explain its production in a variety of terrestrial environments: The widespread structural component of plants, pectin, reacts readily with chloride ion to form CH3Cl at both ambient and elevated temperatures (Hamilton et al., 2003). It has been proposed that this abiotic chloride methylation process in terrestrial environments could be responsible for formation of a large proportion of atmospheric CH3Cl. However, more information is required to determine the global importance of this new source and its contribution to the atmospheric CH3Cl budget. A potentially powerful tool in studying the atmospheric CH3Cl budget is the use of stable carbon isotope ratios. In an accompanying paper it is reported that the reaction of CH3Cl with OH radical, the dominant sink for atmospheric CH3Cl, is accompanied by an unexpectedly large fractionation factor (Gola et al., 2005). Another recently published study shows that CH3Cl formed by the abiotic methylation process at ambient temperatures has a unique stable carbon isotope signature, extremely depleted in 13C, unequivocally distinguishing it from all other known sources (Keppler et al., 2004). Using these findings together with data existing in the literature, we here present three scenarios for an isotopic mass balance for atmospheric CH3Cl. Our calculations provide strong support for the proposal that the bulk fraction of atmospheric CH3Cl (1.8 to 2.5Tg yr? 1) is produced by an abiotic chloride methylation process in terrestrial ecosystems, primarily located in tropical and subtropical areas, where turnover of biomass is highest. Furthermore our calculations also indicate that the microbial soil sink for CH3Cl is likely to be much larger (>1Tg yr? 1) than that previously assumed.