Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface circulation of the eastern Gulf of Mexico as determined by drift‐bottle studies

During the 28-month interval from September 1960 through December 1962, drift bottles were released periodically from a stationary platform located 20.4 km offshore from Panama City, Florida. Of the 951 bottles released, 276, or 29 per cent, were recovered. Approximately 67 per cent of the returns have been found along a 350-km section of coastline extending from Cape St. George west to the Florida-Alabama line; 20 per cent of the returns were from the Florida east coast and keys, and 12 per cent were found along the coasts of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. Comparison of the drift-bottle data with local wind information indicates that the primary mechanism of surface water transport in the vicinity of the release point is wind-induced currents, which either transport the bottles to local beaches or to regions where permanent or semipermanent currents can displace them to western or southern shores. The results of this study are also compared with other drift-bottle studies conducted in the Gulf of Mexico.
An adaptable mobile robot platform with vision-based perception for precision agriculture

This paper presents the development of a versatile mobile robot platform designed for precision agriculture. The robot’s proposed overview architecture and its manufacturing are presented while it further discusses the incorporated vision-based perception modules for road segmentation in farm environments and maize stem detection. For road segmentation, the Segment Anything Model (SAM) based on Zero-Shot Segmentation was utilized. The SAM algorithm effectively extracted navigable spaces in challenging scenarios, demonstrating its robustness and adaptability. Furthermore, considerations were made for computational efficiency, motivating future implementation on low-power devices. In the maize stem detection module, a comprehensive dataset of maize stem images obtained from a local agricultural field was created. The images were processed using the YOLOv5 model, resulting in a highly accurate and efficient maize stem detection module. The validation of both perception modules highlights the successful integration of vision-based technologies into the platform. The platform’s adaptability and robustness make it a valuable tool for precision agriculture applications. By leveraging these technologies, the proposed vehicle contributes to improving crop monitoring and management, enhancing overall agricultural practices.
Cloud Liquid Water Climatology from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager

Abstract A Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) algorithm is developed to measure both cloud liquid water path (LWP) and cloud frequency (CF) over the oceans. For climate analysis, the LWP and CF parameters are computed on pentad and monthly timescales. Comparisons are made between cloud frequencies obtained from microwave and visible/infrared measurements. It is shown that the SSM/I CF correlates with International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program low- and middle-level cloudiness. Interannual variations of monthly LWP are found to be strongly correlated with El Nino and La Nina events. In general, positive LWP anomalies are associated with positive SST anomalies. However, positive LWP anomalies may also occur in regions of negative SST anomalies. This is probably due to an increase in warm top rain clouds, produced from low-level convergence. When pentads of outgoing longwave radiation data are compared to the LWP, they both show the detailed structure for atmospheric intraseasonal oscillations at .
Improved YOLOv5 Model Based on the Pyramid Structure of Dilated Convolutions

With the rapid development of deep learning, there have been numerous object-detection algorithms based on deep learning. However, during the study of the YOLOv5 model, it was found that the SPP-based feature extraction structure may lose some details during the max-pooling process. Additionally, the LeakyReLU activation function lacks sufficient smoothness, and the multi-scale feature fusion using $\mathbf{FPN+PAN}$ structure in its Neck part is not sufficient. To address these issues, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv5 model based on the pyramid structure of dilated convolutions, which introduces dilated convolutions with channel attention mechanism based on the SPP structure, and makes some adjustments in activation function and Neck part. Comparative experiments on the PASCAL VOC2007 and VOC2012 benchmark datasets show that the proposed model achieves higher detection accuracy.
A North Pacific Short-Wave Train during the Extreme Phases of ENSO

Abstract Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) exhibit an interannual seesaw between the eastern and western tropical Pacific in concert with the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. Evidence accumulated from previous studies suggests that a teleconnection link may exist between enhanced rainfall/convection in the western Pacific and precipitation/severe weather over North America. The aforementioned link could possibly be established by a teleconnection wave pattern induced by the anomalously warm/cold SST anomalies in the western tropical Pacific. To demonstrate this possibility, a Fourier scale separation was introduced to divide the ENSO anomalous circulation into two wave regimes: long wave (waves 1–3) and short wave (waves 4–15). The classic Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern is formed by the long-wave regime. In contrast, emerging in the short-wave regime is a well organized wave train that propagates from the western subtropical Pacific along the North Pacific rim into North America. In.
Study on the Tourist Resources Classification System and Types Evaluation in China

Tourist resources are the material basis of sustainable tourism and the potentiality of tourism economic growth. As the working criterion and technical guide for investigating tourist resources, the classification system of tourist resources is a very important premise of the work. Based on the criterion for investigating Chinese tourist resources, the new classification system was put forward. The newly added are three serials of natural, human and service; ten types of geologic landscape, water scene, climate and biology, other natural scene, historic heritage, modern human attractions, abstract human attractions, other human attraction, service resource and other service resources; plus ninety eight patterns. There are three grades to indicate the scale of monocase of tourist resources, which are field, segment and site. The tourist resources also can be divided into three states: developed, to be developed and latent. Based on this new classification system, more consummate characteristic item was revised, and the quantitative evaluation of types tourist resources was carried out by taking the Beihai City as an example to validate this system and methods. In the end, the paper points out that in order to achieve sustainable tourism, China must consummate the criterion for investigating tourist resources, and expand investigations to provide a series of tourist extractive engineering for building China into a country even more attractive to tourists in the world.
A Virtual Reality System for Gender Swapping to Increase Empathy Against Stereotype Threats in Computer Science Job Interviews

There is a gender gap in computer science education. Stereotypes associated with women could be potential barriers that increase this gap. This project aims to introduce a tool that can potentially increase empathy using avatar gender-swap in a Virtual Reality (VR) setting that simulates a job interview experience. VR environment includes a full-body tracked avatar that represents the interviewee. The objective is to explore how gender swapping affects empathy towards the opposite gender. The job interview will be conducted under three conditions: microaggression stereotype threat, direct stereotype threat, and no threat. This study will showcase all the necessary tools to accomplish this goal and provide a path forward for a qualitative user experiment.
EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO2 AND VARIATION IN ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE ON TWO CONTRASTING RICE CULTIVARS

Study was conducted to understand the changes in morpho-physiological parameters of two tropical high yielding rice cultivars CR-1014 and Naveen of CRRI, Orissa. These were grown under elevated (600µmol mol -1 ) using FACE technology and ambient (370µmol mol -1 ) CO2 concentration in IARI, New Delhi fields. Elevated CO2 resulted in significant changes in morpho-physiological parameters such as plant height, tiller number, leaf number, leaf area, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll and carotenoid content. In addition to elevated CO2 its combinations with variations in atmospheric temperature during the phenological stages of growth showed contrasting results in the two selected rice cultivars. The observed differences could be due to difference in the flowering time resulting in differences in maturation of these two cultivars. We conclude that elevated CO2 in combination with lower atmospheric temperature can cease flowering in CR-1014 cultivar while with higher atmospheric temperature and elevated CO2 increased grain yield in Naveen cultivar.
Analysis of Damage to Steel Gas Pipelines Caused by Ground Shaking Effects during the Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake

This paper presents an investigation on damage to natural gas pipelines in Taichung City from the Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake. This paper addresses damage due to ground shaking effects and does not address damage due to large ground deformations. Four parameters, that is, peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, Arias intensity, and spectral intensity, are used to represent ground shaking. Based on pipe repair data and recorded strong motion data, regression analyses of pipe repair rates were carried out to develop seismic vulnerability functions. From the regression analysis results, Arias intensity is considered as the best parameter for the derivation of seismic vulnerability function. The seismic vulnerability functions derived in this study are for steel gas pipelines with mechanical joints and the pipelines are located in firm soils and in the footwall area subject to ground shaking from an earthquake caused by a thrust fault.
VITAMIN 'C' CONTENT IN LOCALLY AVAILABLE VEGETABLES OF RETAIL SHOPS IN DISTRICT KURUKSHETRA

Inspite of performing various functions by Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in our body it cannot synthesised. Hence is to be provided from exogeneous sources. Vitamin c exists only in fresh fruits and vegetables and its contents reduce on storage and sensitive to heat. Keeping this in view, the present study is undertaken to determine vitamin C in commonly consumed locally available vegetables and fruits of retail shops in district Kurukshetra Haryana. The vitamin C content of vegetables was determined by visual titration method. The mean ascorbic acid (mg/100g) was found maximum in amla (222.82+29.45) and minimum in carrot (7.077+ 0.958). Among green leafy vegetables, coriander has maximum ascorbic acid (92.11+5.85mg/100g) contents. In roots, tubers and other vegetables maximum mean ascorbic acid was found in cabbage (90.26+ 10.27mg/100g). Vitamin C contents were more in carrot, mustard and pea available at retail shops of district Kurukshetra in comparison to the values of this vitamin reported by NIN for respective fruits and vegetables. Whereas in all other vegetables, the contents of vitamin C were found less than that of NIN.
Assessment of the Potential Use of Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR Sigma-Naught and Gamma-Naught Features to Support Rice Monitoring Activities

The availability of the cloud-free and publicly accessible Sentinel-1 C-band SAR data allows the development of large-scale and continuous remote sensing (RS)-based rice monitoring activities. This study examines backscatter values derived using ground-range radar cross-section (sigma-naught) and slant-range perpendicular radar cross-section (gamma-naught) on both polarization channels as features for classifying the rice transplanting period on rice fields in Subang Regency, Indonesia, using Classification and Regression Trees, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting classifiers. Overall, the gamma-naught features produced higher backscatter values over a rice-growing cycle, i.e., ranging from 5.8 to 8.8 percent and from 9.2 to 15.8 percent higher for VH and VV channels, respectively, than that generated by sigma-naught. Furthermore, overall accuracy (OA) and kappa coefficient (K) of gamma-naught features were superior to those derived by sigma-naught in all observed classifiers. Subsequently, the accuracy increment is higher in K than in OA, ranging from 3.2 to 18.6 percent for OA and from 5.1 to 41.1 percent for K. To conclude, the gamma-naught features have much higher potential than sigma-naught in classifying the rice transplanting period, further aiding SAR-supported RS-based rice monitoring activities.
Impact of active case-finding for tuberculosis on case-notifications in Blantyre, Malawi: A community-based cluster-randomised trial (SCALE)

Active case-finding (ACF) for tuberculosis can help find the “missing millions” with undiagnosed tuberculosis. In a cluster-randomised trial, we investigated impact of ACF on case-notifications in Blantyre, Malawi, where ACF has been intensively implemented following 2014 estimates of ~1,000 per 100,000 adults with undiagnosed TB. Following a pre-intervention prevalence survey (May 2019 to March 2020), constrained randomisation allocated neighbourhoods to either door-to-door ACF (sputum microscopy for reported cough >2 weeks) or standard-of-care (SOC). Implementation was interrupted by COVID-19. Cluster-level bacteriologically-confirmed case-notification rate (CNR) ratio within 91 days of ACF was our redefined primary outcome; comparison between arms used Poisson regression with random effects. Secondary outcomes were 91-day CNR ratios comparing all tuberculosis registrations and all non-ACF registrations. Interrupted time series (ITS) analysis of CNRs in the SOC arm examined prevalence survey impact. (ISRCTN11400592). 72 clusters served by 10 study-supported tuberculosis registration centres were randomised to ACF (261,244 adults, 58,944 person-years follow-up) or SOC (256,713 adults, 52,805 person-years). Of 1,192 ACF participants, 13 (1.09%) were smear-positive. Within 91 days, 113 (42 bacteriologically-confirmed) and 108 (33 bacteriologically-confirmed) tuberculosis patients were identified as ACF or SOC cluster residents, respectively. There was no difference by arm, with adjusted 91-day CNR ratios 1.12 (95% CI: 0.61–2.07) for bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis; 0.93 (95% CI: 0.68–1.28) for all tuberculosis registrations; and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.63–1.16) for non-ACF (routinely) diagnosed. Of 7,905 ACF and 7,992 SOC pre-intervention survey participants, 12 (0.15%) and 17 (0.21%), respectively, had culture/Xpert-confirmed tuberculosis. ITS analysis showed no survey impact on SOC CNRs. Despite residual undiagnosed tuberculosis of 150 per 100,000 population, there was no increase in tuberculosis notifications from this previously successful approach targeting symptomatic disease, likely due to previous TB ACF and rapid declines in TB burden. In such settings, future ACF should focus on targeted outreach and demand creation, alongside optimised facility-based screening. Trial Registration: ISRCTN11400592.
Textural record of the seismic cycle: strain-rate variation in an ancient subduction thrust

Abstract Active faults slip at different rates over the course of the seismic cycle: earthquake slip (c. 1 m s−1), interseismic creep (c. 10–100 mm year−1) and intermediate rate transients (e.g. afterslip and slow slip events). Studies of exhumed faults are sometimes able to identify seismic slip surfaces by the presence of frictional melts, and slow creep by textures diagnostic of rate-limited plastic processes. The Pasagshak Point Thrust preserves three distinct fault rock textures, which are mutually cross-cutting, and can be correlated to different strain rates. Ultrafine-grained black fault rocks, including pseudotachylyte, were formed during seismic slip on layers up to 30 cm thick. Well-organized S–C cataclasites 7–31 m thick were formed by slow creep, with pressure solution as a dominant, rate-limiting mechanism. These must have formed at strain rates consistent with long-term plate-boundary motion, but solution-creep healing acted to reduce porosity of the cataclasites and eventually restricted fluid connectivity such that creep by this mechanism could not continue. Disorganized, non-foliated, rounded clast cataclasites were formed at shear rates faster than solution creep and are interpreted as representing shear at intermediate strain rates. These could have formed during afterslip or delocalization of slip associated with an earthquake rupture. Supplementary material: Detailed map of Pasagshak Peninsula is available at http://www.geolsoc. org.uk/SUP18493.
Isolation and structure elucidation of a new compound from the fungus Aspergillus flavipes PJ03-11

Abstract A new diphenyl ether 3-methylpentyl-2, 4-dichloroasterrate (2), along with a known diphenyl ether butyl 2, 4-dichloroasterrate (1) were isolated from the metabolites of a wetland fungus Aspergillus flavipes. PJ03-11. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by extensive NMR and HR–ESI–MS experiments. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak cytotoxic activity, but both of them showed no antimicrobial activity.
NEOPROTEROZOIC STROMATOLITE ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE SHISANLITAI STAGE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN THE REGIONAL AND CONTINENTAL CORRELATION

Well developed in stratigraphic sequences, clear in boundaries, and rich in fossils, the northern Anhui-Jiangsu and southern Liaoning districts are the ideal regions for the study of the correlation and syntaxis of the Neoproterozoic in North China and Yangtze Platforms. Though the dating and correlation of the Upper Precambrian in the districts have long been a heated dispute, more and more researches are ready to ascribed it to the Sinian System in the Yangtze Platform owing to the finding of vermiform and cyclomedusa-like fossils, while, the study of stromatolites in the Shisanlitai and Weiji as well as Majiatun and Shijia Formations may greatly changes the view:1. The Shisanlitai Formation in southern Liaoning can be well correlated with the Weiji Formation in northern Anhui-Jiangsu, and both of them own the same stromatolitic assemblage characteriz by the paragenesis of Conophyton ocularoides and Baicalia and the occurrence of Inzeria, Gymnosolen, Tungussia, jurusania and Linella. Similar stromatolitic assemblage has frequently been found in the Upper Riphean worldwide, and its abundance and diversity reached a maximum in the time span, representing a most flourish period in the evolutionary history of stromatolite. 2. A gradual decline of stromatolites started at the Majiatun Stage, with a sharp reduce in both the diversity and abundance. Mainly forming hemispheric domed bioherms, the stromatolites are generally thin in columns, complex in branches, and common in wall or guard, with the filling of stromatolitic and quartz clasts in between, meanwhile, accompanied with an event occurrence of the tussocky microstructure on a basinal scale.
Journal of Reproduction and Development

The spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) population in testis is small, and the lack of SSC markers has severely handicapped research on these cells. During our attempt to identify genes involved in SSC aging, we found that CD2 is expressed in cultured SSCs. Flow cytometric analysis and spermatogonial transplantation experiments showed that CD2 is expressed in SSCs from mature adult mouse testes. Cultured SSCs transfected with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against CD2 proliferated poorly and showed an increased frequency of apoptosis. Moreover, functional analysis of transfected cells revealed impairment of SSC activity. Fluorescence activated cell sorting and spermatogonial transplantation experiments showed that CD2 is expressed not only in mouse but also in rat SSCs. The results indicate that CD2 is a novel SSC surface marker conserved between mouse and rat SSCs.
Three dimensional tidal current numerical simulation based on FVCOM in and around Xiamen Bay

A 3-D high-resolution(30 m) hydrodynamic model was established using an unstructured triangular grid,dry/wet identification technology known as the finite-volume coastal ocean model(FVCOM) to study the tides and tidal currents in and around Xiamen Bay.The simulation results were in good agreement with the in situ data.The co-tidal charts of the four main constituents(M2,S2,K1 and O1),the surface tidal current ellipses,and the maximum probable tidal current velocities and surface and bottom tidal residual current distribution were plotted to describe the temporal and spatial distribution of the tides and tidal currents in the studied areas.Xiamen Bay has a regular semi-diurnal tide,with maximum amplitudes of the four constituents reaching 200cm,65cm,36cm and 29cm,and differences in the phase-lag between the inner and outer bay of 20°,25°,18° and 10°,respectively.Anticlockwise standing waves are found in the southeastern part of the bay(Zhenhaijiao-Weitoujiao line),while progressive waves are found in the northwestern part.The studied areas are dominated by regular semi-diurnal tidal currents in which the current rotates anti-clockwise at the mouth of the bay and flows rectilinearly along channels in the northwestern part of the bay.The direction of the major axes of the tidal current ellipse is concordant with the local morphology.The maximum surface current speeds can reach 201 cm/s,51 cm/s,34 cm/s,and 25 cm/s for M2,S2,K1,and O1,respectively.Compared with other channels,South Port has the greatest surface current speed in Jiulongjiang Estuary.The residual current at the surface is greater than at the bottom,but their distribution patterns are basically consistent,coming into the bay in the north,flowing out in the south.
A Centralized Wind Farm Equivalent Method Based on PSO Under Multi-Operation Mode

With the quick growth of wind power generation, the influence of wind turbines on the security of power grid is becoming more and more important. The investigation of the wind turbine models is also becoming increasingly important. As current research on wind turbine equivalent mainly focuses on single operating modes, the applicability of the obtained equivalent parameters cannot be guaranteed in other operating modes. Therefore, this paper proposes a particle swarm optimization-based wind farm equivalent method that considers multiple operating modes. First, investigating the reactive power priority controls for doubly fed wind turbines during fault processes and the control method of active power ramp recovery during fault recovery periods. Then, rationally reasonable typical operating modes of the wind farm are chosen in accordance with the dynamic response changes of the wind turbines. Equivalent parameters are obtained by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm that considers multiple modes of operation. In the end, modeling and simulating the wind farm demonstrates the usefulness of the suggested similar method.