Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dark energy properties from large future galaxy surveys

We perform a detailed forecast on how well a Euclid-like survey will be able to constrain dark energy and neutrino parameters from a combination of its cosmic shear power spectrum, galaxy power spectrum, and cluster mass function measurements. We find that the combination of these three probes vastly improves the survey's potential to measure the time evolution of dark energy. In terms of a dark energy figure-of-merit defined as (σ(wp)σ(wa))−1, we find a value of 690 for Euclid-like data combined with Planck-like measurements of the cosmic microwave background anisotropies in a 10-dimensional cosmological parameter space, assuming a ΛCDM fiducial cosmology. For the more commonly used 7-parameter model, we find a figure-of-merit of 1900 for the same data combination. We consider also the survey's potential to measure dark energy perturbations in models wherein the dark energy is parameterised as a fluid with a nonstandard non-adiabatic sound speed, and find that in an optimistic scenario in which w0 deviates from -1 by as much as is currently observationally allowed, models with ĉs2 = 10−6 and ĉs2 = 1 can be distinguished from one another at more than 2σ significance. We emphasise that constraints on the dark energy sound speed from cluster measurements are strongly dependent on the modelling of the cluster mass function; significantly weaker sensitivities ensue if we modify our model to include fewer features of nonlinear dark energy clustering. Finally, we find that the sum of neutrino masses can be measured with a 1σ precision of 0.015 eV, even in complex cosmological models in which the dark energy equation of state varies with time. The 1σ sensitivity to the effective number of relativistic species Neffml is approximately 0.03, meaning that the small deviation of 0.046 from 3 in the standard value of Neffml due to non-instantaneous decoupling and finite temperature effects can be probed with 1σ precision for the first time.
Spin Observables in Transition-Distribution-Amplitude Studies

Exclusive hadronic reactions with a massive lepton pair (ℓ+ℓ−) in the final state will be measured with PANDA at GSI-FAIR and with Compass at CERN, both in p + p̄ → ℓ+ℓ− + π and π + N → N′ + ℓ+ℓ−. Similarly, electroproduction of a meson in the backward region will be studied at JLAB. We discuss here how the spin structure of the amplitude for such processes will enable us to disentangle various mechanisms. For instance, target-transverse-spin asymmetries are specific of a partonic description, where the amplitude is factorised in terms of baryon to meson or meson to baryon Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) as opposed to what is expected from baryon-exchange contributions.
Generalized virial theorem in warped DGP brane-world

We generalize the virial theorem to the warped DGP brane-world scenario and consider its implications on the virail mass. In this theory the four-dimensional scalar curvature term is included in the bulk action and the resulting four-dimensional effective Einstein equation is augmented with extra terms which can be interpreted as geometrical mass, contributing to the gravitational energy. Estimating the geometrical mass M(r) using the observational data, we show that these geometric terms may account for the virial mass discrepancy in clusters of galaxies. Finally, we
Dimorphism of Ortho-Positronium in Relativistic Schrödinger Theory

The non-relativistic energy levels of ortho-positronium are calculated in the quadrupole and octupole approximations for the interaction potential. For this purpose, the RST eigenvalue problem of angular momentum is illustratively solved for the quantum numbers $\jO=0,1,2,3,4$ and $\bjz=\pm 1$. This eigenvalue problem admits \emph{ambiguous} solutions for $0<|\bjz|<\jO$ whereas the solutions for $\bjz=0$ and $\bjz=\pm \jO$ are \emph{unique}. In order to attain some (at least approximative) solutions of the energy eigenvalue problem one tries a factorized ansatz for the wave function and thus splits off the angular problem (with its ambiguous solutions) from the residual radial problem. The latter does, as usual, finally fix the energy eigenvalues. But it is just by this procedure that the ambiguity of the angular problem is transferred to most of the energy levels which thereby become doubled. The corresponding doubling energy amounts to (roughly) one percent of the total binding energy and is, however, of purely \emph{electric} origin, since magnetism is completely neglected. Indeed, the charge distributions of both positronium constituents (i.e.\ electron and positron) do inherit their ambiguity from the ambiguous solution of the angular eigenvalue problem ($\leadsto$ charge "dimorphism"); and naturally the dimorphic configurations must then possess slightly different interaction energies of the electrostatic type.
Channel blockade in a two-path triple-quantum-dot system

Electronic transport through a two-path triple-quantum-dot system with two source leads and one drain is studied and the interaction between the two paths is analyzed. We observe a channel blockade as a result of interchannel Coulombic interaction. The experimental results are understood with the help of a theoretical model which allows one to obtain the parameters of the system, the stability regions of each state, and the full dynamical transport in the triple-dot resonances.
Abstract simplicity of locally compact Kac–Moody groups

Abstract In this paper, we establish that complete Kac–Moody groups over finite fields are abstractly simple. The proof makes essential use of Mathieu and Rousseau’s construction of complete Kac–Moody groups over fields. This construction has the advantage that both real and imaginary root spaces of the Lie algebra lift to root subgroups over arbitrary fields. A key point in our proof is the fact, of independent interest, that both real and imaginary root subgroups are contracted by conjugation of positive powers of suitable Weyl group elements.
The war in Ukraine and changes in the global economic system

The US years-long irresponsible policy with the excessive printing of dollars, reinforced by the COVID-19 crisis and the war in Ukraine, has led to a large public debt and increasing inflation in the US, which significantly threatens the position of the dollar as the world's reserve currency. The latest challenge to the dollar came from Russia, China and the BRICS countries. The paper analyzes the consequences of the war in Ukraine, the sanctions-based war between Russia and the West, the position of the dollar as the world's reserve currency and the weaknesses of the international financial-monetary system leading to financial instability, frequent crises and growing inequality. A special emphasis has been placed on possible reforms of global finances and alternative proposals for a new reserve currency and more efficient work of global economic institutions (IMF) with the aim of achieving greater equality and faster economic growth.
A Machine Learning Architecture Replacing Heavy Instrumented Laboratory Tests: In Application to the Pullout Capacity of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soils

For economical and sustainable benefits, conventional retaining walls are being replaced by geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS). However, for safety and quality assurance purposes, prior tests of pullout capacities of these materials need to be performed. Conventionally, these tests are conducted in a laboratory with heavy instruments. These tests are time-consuming, require hard labor, are prone to error, and are expensive as a special pullout machine is required to perform the tests and acquire the data by using a lot of sensors and data loggers. This paper proposes a data-driven machine learning architecture (MLA) to predict the pullout capacity of GRS in a diverse environment. The results from MLA are compared with actual laboratory pullout capacity tests. Various input variables are considered for training and testing the neural network. These input parameters include the soil physical conditions based on water content and external loading applied. The soil used is a locally available weathered granite soil. The input data included normal stress, soil saturation, displacement, and soil unit weight whereas the output data contains information about the pullout strength. The data used was obtained from an actual pullout capacity test performed in the laboratory. The laboratory test is performed according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D 6706-01 with little modification. This research shows that by using machine learning, the same pullout resistance of a geosynthetic reinforced soil can be achieved as in laboratory testing, thus saving a lot of time, effort, and money. Feedforward backpropagation neural networks with a different number of neurons, algorithms, and hidden layers have been examined. The comparison of the Bayesian regularization learning algorithm with two hidden layers and 12 neurons each showed the minimum mean square error (MSE) of 3.02 × 10−5 for both training and testing. The maximum coefficient of regression (R) for the testing set is 0.999 and the training set is 0.999 for the prediction interval of 99%.
Link between antiferromagnetism and superconductivity probed by nuclear spin relaxation in organic conductors

The interdependence of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the Bechgaard salts series of organic conductors is examined in the light of the anomalous temperature dependence of the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate. We apply the renormalization group approach to the electron gas model to show that the crossover from antiferromagnetism to superconductivity along with the anomalous nuclear relaxation rate of the Bechgaard salts can be well described within a unified microscopic framework. For sizable nesting deviations of the Fermi surface, scaling theory reveals how pairing correlations enhance short-range antiferromagnetic correlations via magnetic Umklapp scattering over a large part of the metallic phase that precedes superconductivity. These enhanced magnetic correlations are responsible for the Curie-Weiss behavior observed in the NMR relaxation rate.
Schwarzschild geometry emerging from matrix models

We demonstrate how various geometries can emerge from Yang–Mills-type matrix models with branes, and consider the examples of Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström geometries. We provide an explicit embedding of these branes in and , as well as an appropriate Poisson resp. symplectic structure which determines the non-commutativity of spacetime. The embedding is asymptotically flat with the asymptotically constant θμν for large r, and therefore suitable for a generalization to many-body configurations. This is an illustration of our previous work (Blaschke and Steinacker 2010 Class. Quantum Grav. 27 165010 (arXiv:1003.4132)), where we have shown how the Einstein–Hilbert action can be realized within such matrix models.
Black hole solution in the framework of $\arctan$-electrodynamics

An $arctan$-electrodynamics coupled with the gravitational field is investigated. We obtain the regular black hole solution that at $r\rightarrow \infty$ gives corrections to the Reissner-Nordstr\"om solution. The corrections to Coulomb's law at $r\rightarrow\infty$ are found. We evaluate the mass of the black hole that is a function of the dimensional parameter $\beta$ introduced in the model. The magnetically charged black hole was investigated and we have obtained the magnetic mass of the black hole and the metric function at $r\rightarrow \infty$. The regular black hole solution is obtained at $r\rightarrow 0$ with the de Sitter core. We show that there is no singularity of the Ricci scalar for electrically and magnetically charged black holes. Restrictions on the electric and magnetic fields are found that follow from the requirement of the absence of superluminal sound speed and the requirement of a classical stability.
TOWARD A NETWORK OF FAINT DA WHITE DWARFS AS HIGH-PRECISION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS

We present the initial results from a program aimed at establishing a network of hot DA white dwarfs to serve as spectrophotometric standards for present and future wide-field surveys. These stars span the equatorial zone and are faint enough to be conveniently observed throughout the year with large-aperture telescopes. The spectra of these white dwarfs are analyzed in order to generate a non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium model atmosphere normalized to Hubble Space Telescope colors, including adjustments for wavelength-dependent interstellar extinction. Once established, this standard star network will serve ground-based observatories in both hemispheres as well as space-based instrumentation from the UV to the near IR. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this concept and show how two different approaches to the problem using somewhat different assumptions produce equivalent results. We discuss the lessons learned and the resulting corrective actions applied to our program.
Cold dust clumps in dynamically hot gas

Aims. We present clumps of dust emission from Herschel observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and their physical and statistical properties. We catalog cloud features seen in the dust emission from Herschel observations of the LMC, the Magellanic type irregular galaxy closest to the Milky Way, and compare these features with Hi catalogs from the ATCA+Parkes Hi survey. Methods. Using an automated cloud-finding algorithm, we identify clouds and clumps of dust emission and examine the cumulative mass distribution of the detected dust clouds. The mass of cold dust is determined from physical parameters that we derive by performing spectral energy distribution fits to 250, 350, and 500 μm emission from SPIRE observations using dust grain size distributions for graphite/silicate in low-metallicity extragalactic environments. Results. The dust cloud mass spectrum follows a power law distribution with an exponent of γ = −1.8 for clumps larger than 4 × 10^2 M_⊙ and is similar to the Hi mass distribution. This is expected from the theory of ISM structure in the vicinity of star formation.
Delocalization and superfluidity of ultracold bosonic atoms in a ring lattice

Properties of bosonic atoms in small systems with a periodic quasi-one-dimensional circular toroidal lattice potential subjected to rotation are examined by performing the exact diagonalization in a truncated many-body space. The expansion of the many-body Hamiltonian is considered in terms of the first-band Bloch functions, and no assumption regarding restriction to nearest neighbour hopping (tight-binding approximation) is involved. A finite size version of the zero temperature phase diagrams of Fisher et al (1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 546570) is obtained and the results, in remarkable quantitative correspondence with the results available for larger systems, discussed. Ground-state properties relating to superfluidity are examined in the context of two-fluid phenomenology. The basic tool, consisting of the intrinsic inertia associated with small rotation angular velocities in the lab frame, is used to obtain the ground state ‘superfluid fractions’ numerically. They are analytically associated with one-body, uniform solenoidal currents in the case of the adopted geometry. These currents are in general incoherent superpositions of contributions from each eigenstates of the associated reduced one-body densities, with the corresponding occupation numbers as weights. Full coherence occurs therefore only when only one eigenstate is occupied by all bosons. The obtained numerical values for the superfluid fractions remain small throughout the parameter region corresponding to the ‘Mott insulator to superfluid’ transition, and saturate at unity only as the lattice is completely smoothed out.
FIRST LIGHT FOR THE FIRST STATION OF THE LONG WAVELENGTH ARRAY

The first station of the Long Wavelength Array (LWA1) was completed in April 2011 and is currently performing observations resulting from its first call for proposals in addition to a continuing program of commissioning and characterization observations. The instrument consists of 258 dual-polarization dipoles, which are digitized and combined into beams. Four independently-steerable dual-polarization beams are available, each with two tunings of 16 MHz bandwidth that can be independently tuned to any frequency between 10 MHz and 88 MHz. The system equivalent flux density for zenith pointing is ~3 kJy and is approximately independent of frequency; this corresponds to a sensitivity of ~5 Jy/beam (5σ, 1 s); making it one of the most sensitive meter-wavelength radio telescopes. LWA1 also has two "transient buffer" modes which allow coherent recording from all dipoles simultaneously, providing instantaneous all-sky field of view. LWA1 provides versatile and unique new capabilities for Galactic science, pulsar.
Theory versus experiment for vacuum Rabi oscillations in lossy cavities

The 1996 experiment by Brune et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1800 (1996)] on vacuum Rabi oscillation is analyzed by means of alternative models of atom-reservoir interaction. Agreement with experimental Rabi oscillation data can be obtained if one defines jump operators in the dressed-state basis and takes into account thermal fluctuations between dressed states belonging to the same manifold. Such low-frequency transitions could be ignored in a closed cavity, but the cavity employed in the experiment was open, which justifies our assumption. The cavity quality factor corresponding to the data is approximately $Q=3.31\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$, whereas $Q$ reported in the experiment was $Q=7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$. The rate of decoherence arising from opening of the cavity can be of the same order as an analogous correction coming from finite time resolution $\ensuremath{\Delta}t$ (formally equivalent to collisional decoherence). Peres-Horodecki separability criterion shows that the rate at which the atom-field state approaches a separable state is controlled by fluctuations between dressed states from the same manifold and not by the rate of transitions toward the ground state. In consequence, improving the $Q$ factor we do not improve the coherence properties of the cavity.
Bayesian model selection for dark energy using weak lensing forecasts

The next generation of weak lensing probes can place strong constraints on cosmological parameters by measuring the mass distribution and geometry of the low redshift universe. We show that a future all-sky tomographic cosmic shear survey with design properties similar to Euclid can provide the statistical accuracy required to distinguish between different dark energy models. Using a fiducial cosmological model which includes cold dark matter, baryons, massive neutrinos (hot dark matter), a running primordial spectral index and possible spatial curvature as well as dark energy perturbations, we calculate Fisher matrix forecasts for different dynamical dark energy models. Using a Bayesian evidence calculation we show how well a future weak lensing survey could do in distinguishing between a cosmological constant and dynamical dark energy.
Symmetrical laws of structure of helicoidally-like biopolymers in the framework of algebraic topology. III. Nature of the double and relations between the alpha helix and the various forms of DNA structures

In the frameworks of algebraic topology α-helix and different DNA-conformations are determined as the local latticed packing, confined by peculiar minimal surfaces which are similar to helicoids. These structures are defined by Weierstrass representation and satisfy to a zero condition for the instability index of the surface and availability of bifurcation points for these surfaces. The topological stability of such structures corresponds to removing of the configuration degeneracy and to existence of bifurcation points for these surfaces. The considered ordered non-crystalline structures are determined by homogeneous manifolds algebraic polytopes, corresponding to the definite substructures the 8-dimensional lattice E 8 . The joining of two semi-turns of two spirals into the turn of a single two-spiral (helical) system is effected by the topological operation of a connected sum. The applied apparatus permits to determine a priori the symmetry parameters of the double spirals in A, B and Z forms DNA structures.
RELATING CHANGES IN COMETARY ROTATION TO ACTIVITY: CURRENT STATUS AND APPLICATIONS TO COMET C/2012 S1 (ISON)

We introduce a parameter, X, to predict the changes in the rotational period of a comet in terms of the rotational period itself, the nuclear radius, and the orbital characteristics. We show that X should be a constant if the bulk densities and shapes of nuclei are nearly identical and the activity patterns are similar for all comets. For four nuclei for which rotational changes are well documented, despite the nearly factor 30 variation observed among the effective active fractions of these comets, X is constant to within a factor two. We present an analysis for the sungrazing comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) to explore what rotational changes it could undergo during the upcoming perihelion passage where its perihelion distance will be ∼2.7 solar radii. When close to the Sun, barring a catastrophic disruption of the nucleus, the activity of ISON will be sufficiently strong to put the nucleus into a non-principal-axis rotational state and observable changes to the rotational period should also occur. Additional causes for rotational state changes near perihelion for ISON are tidal torques caused by the Sun and the significant mass loss due to a number of mechanisms resulting in alterations to the moments of inertia of the nucleus.
Oscillations of coefficients of Dirichlet series attached to automorphic forms

For $m\ge 2$, let $\pi$ be an irreducible cuspidal automorphic representation of $GL_m(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})$ with unitary central character. Let $a_\pi(n)$ be the $n^{th}$ coefficient of the $L$-function attached to $\pi$. Goldfeld and Sengupta have recently obtained a bound for $\sum_{n\le x} a_\pi(n)$ as $x \rightarrow \infty$. For $m\ge 3$ and $\pi$ not a symmetric power of a $GL_2(\mathbb{A}_{\mathbb{Q}})$-cuspidal automorphic representation with not all finite primes unramified for $\pi$, their bound is better than all previous bounds. In this paper, we further improve the bound of Golfeld and Sengupta. We also prove a quantitative result for the number of sign changes of the coefficients of certain automorphic $L$-functions, provided the coefficients are real numbers.
Entropy density and entropy flux in near-field thermal radiation

The inception of modern quantum physics can be traced back to Planck’s pioneering work on blackbody radiation [1]. Central to Planck’s work is the thermodynamic analysis of thermal radiation in a cavity, which requires knowledge of energy, momentum, and entropy of photons. Planck’s analysis is restricted to the case when near-field effects (NFE), i.e., the collective influence of diffraction, interference, and tunneling of waves, are absent [1]. Though we know much about energy (leading to radiative heat transfer) and momentum (leading to van der Waals and Casimir forces) associated with near field radiative transfer (NFRT), little, if any, is known about entropy [2]. The purpose of this letter is to determine entropy density and entropy flux in a planar vacuum cavity between two half-spaces at different temperatures when the separation between them is small enough that NFE are important. Using the entropy flux, the maximum work that can be extracted through NFRT between two half-spaces at different temperatures is determined. Planck showed that the far-field radiation entropy intensity is given by [1]: