Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical overturns: A comparison of Thorpe and Ozmidov length scales

An objective measure of the length scale of turbulent overturning events, the Thorpe scale, LT, is compared to the Ozmidov scale L0 = (e/N3)1/2, where N is the buoyancy frequency and e is the kinetic energy dissipation rate. Far from the surface in wind-forced mixing layers and in the seasonal thermocline, L0 and LT are of the same order, but near the surface of a mixing layer, L0 is significantly larger than LT. The change in the ratio L0/LT is attributed to a decrease in the gradient Richardson number in the highly energetic zone near the surface. Another length scale, LB = (DCx/N)1/2, where Cx is the Cox number and D is the molecular diffusivity of temperature, is the same order as LT near the surface of a mixing layer as well as in the layer interior and in the seasonal thermocline. It is shown, by using the turbulent kinetic energy budget, that LB/LT is only weakly dependent on the gradient Richardson number as long as the ratio of eddy viscosity to eddy diffusivity is constant. The temperature variance dissipation rate is compared to the product of the buoyancy frequency and the existing temperature variance. Temperature fluctuations are defined as the temperature difference between the observed temperature profile and the Thorpe profile (the temperature profile which would result if an overturning patch gravitationally collapsed without dissipation). It is shown that the major balance in the temperature variance equation is between the rate at which variance is produced and the rate at which it is dissipated and that the rate of change of temperature variance can be an important modification to this balance only if the variance decays in a time much smaller than a buoyancy period.
Optimal Parameter Estimation Algorithms from Quantized Outputs

Recursive identification algorithms for the parameter estimation of linear systems from multilevel quantized outputs are introduced in this paper. The proposed algorithms are proved to be optimal in the sense that they minimize the a posteriori parameter estimation error covariance matrix. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate their performance for different quantization steps and Signal-to-Noise Ratios, as well as their capability to track time varying parameters.
A temporal Human Activity Recognition Based on Stacked Auto Encoder and Extreme Learning Machine

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is one of the most important research areas in the fields of health and human-machine interaction. The creation of several artificial intelligence-based models for activity identification has resulted in poor long-term performance in the actual world since these methods are unable to extract spatial and temporal information. Though, Deep learning is starting to replace well-established hand-crafted techniques that rely on expertly built feature extraction and classification techniques in the field of HAR. Nevertheless, it is challenging to acquire an overview of the suitability of these discrete implementations of custom deep architectures for issues ranging from the recognition of manipulative gestures to the identification and segmentation of physical activities. Given these constraints, we develop an innovative Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE) and Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) architecture based on temporal feature to produce a new model for HAR. This feature is connected to speed of movement and fed to a new neural network architecture as temporal stream. A key step in this approach is the selection of features that characterize the complexity of human actions in time. Results show that the proposed model outperforms many of the existing deep and machine learning techniques.
Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Governing Embryonic Epicardium Formation

The embryonic epicardium originates from the proepicardium, an extracardiac primordium constituted by a cluster of mesothelial cells. In early embryos, the embryonic epicardium is characterized by a squamous cell epithelium resting on the myocardium surface. Subsequently, it invades the subepicardial space and thereafter the embryonic myocardium by means of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Within the myocardium, epicardial-derived cells present multilineage potential, later differentiating into smooth muscle cells and contributing both to coronary vasculature and cardiac fibroblasts in the mature heart. Over the last decades, we have progressively increased our understanding of those cellular and molecular mechanisms driving proepicardial/embryonic epicardium formation. This study provides a state-of-the-art review of the transcriptional and emerging post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in the formation and differentiation of the embryonic epicardium.
X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy Analyses of GaSb-Enriched Si Surface Formed by Applying Diffusion Doping Technique

The paper studies the properties of surface and near-surface region of a single crystalline silicon sample doped with atoms of Ga (AIII) and Sb (BV). n-type single-crystal Si wafers were chosen as substrates, and samples were size of 8×10×0.5 mm3. For diffusion into silicon, Ga and Sb impurities were used with a purity of 99.999 and 99.998, respectively. The authors propose that a new heterostructure might form in the near-surface region of silicon that could be engineered by applying a relatively cheap diffusion method. The experimental and analysis results show that the composition and absorption spectrum of silicon start manifest certain changes, and can be used in the future as a functional material for solar cells. The result showed that randomly located islands with an average diameter of 1–15 µm are formed on the substrate surface. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out using a Rigaku diffractometer to study the crystallographic parameters of islands formed with the participation of Ga and Sb atoms on the silicon surface. The energy spectrum was studied on Nanofinder High End Raman spectrometer (LOTIS TII) in order to determine the presence of complexes of Ga and Sb atoms within islands formed as a result of diffusion. The optical emission spectra in the new structure were studied using a Lambda 950 spectrophotometer. The measurements were carried out at room temperature, i.e., at 300°K. Having studied the results of X-ray analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and optical spectroscopy, the authors have revealed that Ga and Sb atoms form new Si0.44(GaSb)0.56 and Si0.75(GaSb)0.25-type binary compounds on Si surface.
On the Topology Scaling of Interplanetary Networks

The increase of deep space (DS) exploration missions suggests that it would be difficult for the existing interplanetary networks (IPNs) to cope with the growing interplanetary data transfer (IP-DT) demands without topology scaling. Therefore, this paper studies how to expand an IPN by deploying new relay satellites and optimizing their orbit parameters in account of the routing and scheduling of IP-DTs, such that the improvement on the IPN's overall performance can be maximized. We formulate an optimization model to tackle the IPN topology scaling problem and propose an effective heuristic for time-efficient problem-solving. Simulations verify the performance of our proposal.
Effect of xyloglucan associations with gelatin or gelose on Escherichia coli-derived lipopolysaccharide-induced enteritis in rats

Background Escherichia coli is the predominant non-pathogenic facultative microbe of the human intestine, although some strains are diarrhoeagenic in humans. E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces diarrhoea, intestinal barrier impairment, bacterial translocation and intestinal inflammation. Associations with the mucoprotectant xyloglucan exhibit antidiarrhoeal effects. This study evaluated and compared the effects of xyloglucan in combination with gelatin or gelose (agar-agar) on jejunal permeability and inflammation using an in vivo rat model of E. coli LPS-induced enteritis. Methods Xyloglucan (12.5 mg/kg) plus gelatin (250 mg/kg) or gelose (250 or 500 mg/kg) were administered orally 2 hours before intraperitoneal injection with E. coli LPS. Following euthanasia, jejunal segments were removed for intestinal permeability measurement in Ussing chambers and inflammatory tone evaluation by myeloperoxidase activity assay. Results LPS administration increased jejunal permeability and increased mucosal inflammation in male Wistar rats. Xyloglucan plus gelatin 250 mg/kg and xyloglucan plus gelose 500 mg/kg significantly attenuated LPS-induced jejunal hyperpermeability and myeloperoxidase activity. Conclusion Xyloglucan, a known mucosal barrier protector, in combination with gelatin or gelose, has beneficial and comparable effects on intestinal permeability and inflammation following E. coli LPS insult in male rats.
Experience Feedback and Probabilistic Graphical Model for Failure Causes Isolation

In this article, a probabilistic graph of Bayesian network type is proposed for the isolation of system failure causes. This graph, merge various knowledge on monitored system such as dysfunctional analysis, expert judgment and feedback data. Each new event is considered to adjust the probabilities of the network and effectively guide the new search for the cause of failure. The goal is to improve the isolation process for an efficient maintenance and higher system availability. A case study is used to illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach in isolating monitored system failure causes.
Adaptive NMPC-RBF with Application to Manipulator Robots

Control algorithms must deal with model uncertainties and disturbances, making them perfect for real-world applications. In addition, increased computational power in the industrial field allows the implementation of advanced control algorithms such as nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), which is an optimal control scheme that includes system and control constraints imposed by robot dynamics and the environment. Nevertheless, modeling the robot and its environment is a complicated task due to high nonlinearities, such as model uncertainties in the form of complex unmodeled dynamics, varying payloads, and parameter mismatch, leading to fast degradation of NMPC; therefore, online adaptation laws that improve the performance even in unknown environments are needed. Due to the facts presented before, this work combines the universal approximation of RBFNN and the optimality offered by NMPC in a unified adaptive framework that guarantees good performance even under uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics. The proposed framework is tested in simulation using a 2-link planar robotic arm (SCARA Bosch SR-800), where optimization techniques were used to identify the robot's dynamics. Finally, a comparison of the proposed architecture with a baseline nominal NMPC is made with particular attention to trajectory tracking performance, demonstrating the reduction of the tracking error over non-adaptive NMPC.
Effects of attractive inter-particle interaction on cross-transport coefficient between mass and heat in binary fluids

ABSTRACT In some binary fluids, mass transport is observed under a temperature gradient. This phenomenon is called the Soret effect. In this study, we discuss the influence of inter-particle interaction. We considered equimolar binary Lennard–Jones fluids with a mass contrast, whereas the interaction was common for all the particle pairs with various cut-off lengths. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of such fluids under equilibrium to obtain the cross-transport coefficients $L_{1q}$L1q between the fluxes of mass and heat. The simulation revealed that this quantity strongly depends on the cut-off length. Further, we decomposed the heat flux into kinetic and potential contributions and calculated the cross-correlations between decomposed fluxes and the mass flux. The result indicates that the potential contribution dominates $L_{1q}$L1q, implying that the Soret coefficient is altered by the inter-particle interaction.
Nutrient Transport Across the Thermocline in the Central Yellow Sea

The difference between the temperatures in the upper and lower mixing layers in the Yellow Sea in the stratified season is much greater than that in other coastal areas, but there is still the mass transport across the strong thermocline by means of turbulent entrainment. Based on a mixing layer model, the entrainment velocities in the upper and lower layers in the Yellow Sea were calculated, and the observed data during 3 cruises were used to quantatively estimate the nutrient transport across the thermocline in the stratified season. It is shown from the calculation results that the lower layer water, named the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM), is the storage pool of nutrient for the photic zone, which can bring about 15.9 mgC·m-2·day-1 new production to the upper layer in summer and replenish the upper layer with nutrients within half a month. Compared with the atmospheric nutrient input, the entrainment of nutrients from the lower layer is more important during the stratified season. The new production brought to the upper layer by entrainment is 21 % of the primary production in the upper layer in spring and 30 % of that in autumn, but the new production brought to the upper layer by atmospheric nitrogn input is only 5.7 % of the primary production in upper layer in spring and 9.5 % of that in autumn. The strong turbulent entrainment caused by the strong wind process in late autumn can refresh the nutrient in the upper ocean in a week and stimulate the increase in primary production in the upper layer. 
Graphs with Bounded Tree-width and Large Odd-girth Are Almost Bipartite

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t We prove that for every k and every ε > 0, there exists g such that every graph with tree-width at most k and odd-girth at least g has circular chromatic number at most 2 + ε.
Primeros resultados de inseminación artificial en conejas de monte en cautividad

Cynegetic farm dedicated to production of wild rabbits in Spain is an activity that increases with the aim to reposition in hunting lands and to maintain endangered predators and thereby preserve Mediterranean ecosystem diversity. To apply the benefits of artificial insemination technique on cynegetic rabbitries is necessary a preliminary study of seminal parameters of wild rabbit male reared in captivity. In this study we determine seminal parameters of crossbred wild rabbit, semen collection frequency and the effect of cooling on the semen quality and fertility in vivo.
Systematic Review on Stress, Insomnia and Burnout Syndrome in Secondary School Teachers

The purpose of this systemic review article was to analyze the symptoms of stress and insomnia and burnout syndrome in secondary school teachers. The PICO methodology was adapted for the research question and the PRISMA methodology for the article review and selection process. As a result, it was obtained that professional stress occurs when there is dissatisfaction or restrictions in the environment where it is exercised, the preparation of the person has ceased before an elaboration of organizations, as well as the deterioration of the teacher's vitality because of the stress produced. Burnout syndrome, which is a response to chronic professional stress, the amplitudes that stand out in burnout syndrome are related to stress levels and insomnia. As a conclusion, it was obtained that Burnout syndrome tends to be more evident in teachers, since they have direct contact with people and also current economic and political factors directly influence the development of their daily activity, in this way, when all these factors come together, it is possible to suffer from Burnout
ALGORITHMIC OBSTRUCTIONS AND ORDER-PRESERVING BRAIDS

An n -strand braid is order-preserving if its induced action on the fundamental group G of the disk with n punctures preserves some bi-ordering of G . A braid β is order-preserving if and only if the link L obtained as the union of β and its axis has bi-orderable complement. We describe and implement an algorithm which, given a braid β , terminates if β is not order-preserving. Additionally, our algorithm returns a complete proof that β is not order-preserving. The algorithm relies on the fact that the fundamental group of the n -punctured disk is a free group.
University of Birmingham Strategic eye movements are used to support object authentication

Authentication is an important cognitive process used to determine whether one’s initial identification of an object is corroborated by additional sensory information. Although authentication is critical for safe interaction with many objects, including food, websites, and valuable documents, the visual orienting strategies used to garner additional sensory data to support authentication remain poorly understood. When reliable visual cues to counterfeit cannot be anticipated, distributing fixations widely across an object’s surface might be useful. However, strategic fixation of specific object-defining attributes would be more efficient and should lead to better authentication performance. To investigate, we monitored eye movements during a repetitive banknote authentication task involving genuine and counterfeit banknotes. Although fixations were distributed widely across the note prior to authentication decisions, preference for hard-to mimic areas and avoidance of easily mimicked areas was evident. However, there was a strong tendency to initially fixate the banknote’s portrait, and only thereafter did eye movement control appear to be more strategic. those who directed a greater proportion of fixations at hard-to-mimic areas and resisted more easily mimicked areas performed better on the authenticity task. The tendency to deploy strategic fixation improved with experience, suggesting that authentication benefits from precise visual orienting and refined categorisation criteria. Authentication is a cognitive process used to detect close mimics of motivationally salient objects so that unnecessary or costly effort in approaching or avoiding them can be prevented. Indeed, judging the authenticity of many objects is a critical component of food (plant or prey) and predator identification for most animal species 1 . For example, some species use the evolutionary tactic of mimicking the appearance or action of more dangerous or more poisonous organisms to avoid predation 2 ; yet, if the predator is able to detect that such prey is ‘counterfeit’, access to food sources that others may unnecessarily avoid can be gained 3 . For humans in the digital age where full-colour, high resolution graphic reproduction is ubiquitous, judging authenticity is important for approaching or avoiding stimuli used for socially
Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie

: Secondary Parkinsonism. Secondary Parkinsonism (sPD) is an important differential diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Clinical differences between sPD and iPD may comprise (1) a sudden onset of extrapyramidal symptoms, (2) the body symmetry of symptoms, (3) low or no clinical response to dopaminergic drugs, (4) the absence of non-motor PD symptoms, (5) the presence of associated symptoms other than the characteristic key features, and (6) a normal SPECT of the dopamine transporter. Vascular Parkinsonism (vPD), drug-induced Par-kinsonism (dPD), and toxic Parkinsonism (tPS) may be the most frequent etiologies but good epidemiologic data is lacking. In vPD, lesions in the watershed areas and the white matter often lead to progressive symptoms whereas strategic lesions in the basal ganglia may cause a more rapid onset. Drugs with the risk to induce Parkin-sonian side effects (dPD) include antidopaminer-gic antipsychotics but even atypical antipsychotics are of substantial risk. Toxic Parkinsonism may be caused by carbon monoxide and heavy metal intoxication like the exposure to Manganese, eg as a by-product of the designer drug, ephed-rone. Another very heterogeneous group of sPD is described by means of the term “scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficit” (SWEDD) with a normal SPECT of the dopamine transporter. SWEDDs often consist of non-neurodegenerative diseases such as dopamine-responsive dystonia, dystonic tremor, depression, vPD, or essential tremor. Therefore, SPECT of the dopamine transporter may sometimes help in the differential diagnosis of sPD. Other etiologies of sPD are inflammation, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, (recurrent) traumatic brain injury, or rare genetic disorders. J Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr 2014; 15 (2): 69–75.
Smartphone-Based Vibration Perception Threshold Measurement on Multiple Body Sites

—Tactile perception plays an important role in activities of daily living, and it can be impaired in individuals with medical conditions. The most common tools used to assess tactile sensation, the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments and the 128 Hz tuning fork, have poor repeatability and resolution. Long term, we aim to provide a repeatable, high-resolution testing platform that can be used to assess vibrotactile perception through smartphones without the need for an experimenter to be present to conduct the test. We present a smartphone-based vibration perception measurement platform and compare its performance to measurements from standard monofilament and tuning fork tests. We conducted a user study with 21 healthy adults in which we tested each tool on the hand, wrist, and foot, to assess how well our smartphone-based vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) detect known trends obtained from standard tests. The smartphone platform detected statistically significant changes in VPT between the index finger and the foot and also between the feet of younger adults and older adults. Our smartphone-based VPT had a weak, positive correlation to tuning fork-based VPT. A long-term objective of this work is to develop an accessible smartphone-based platform that can be used to measure disease progression and regression.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Assessing the compatibility of vehicle electrification with the EU’s circular economy objective

The electrification of vehicles and the transition to a circular economy (CE) are important aspects of the EU ’ s strategy to become climate neutral by 2050. However, the compatibility between these two objectives is questionable. Indeed, the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in most electric vehicles (EVs) are currently difficult to recycle due to economic and practical challenges. This recycling problem increases the risk that end-of-life LIBs end up in landfills. If so, the CE would be severely punctured. Our study analyses how this potential inconsistency is addressed at the EU level by focusing on three EU legal instruments, i. e. , the current and proposed regulatory framework for batteries and waste batteries, the End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive and the new Taxonomy Regulation. It observes that while the EU stands out in imposing sustainability requirements on the battery and vehicle industries, several shortcomings remain, such as the lack of specific legal provisions for LIBs, inappropriate targets and weak extended producer responsibility (EPR), which undermine the credibility of vehicle electrification as a climate change mitigation strategy in the EU.