Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of bandstop filters using discrete‐time notch filter, two‐section stub, and frequency‐scaling method

A new method for the design of a bandstop filter is presented. The two‐section open stub is employed to emulate a notch filter in the discrete‐time domain. A cascade connection of two‐section open stubs with proper frequency scaling serves to represent a bandstop filter of wider stopband bandwidth. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the validity of this design method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1098–1101, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22356
Reform Beijing to a public transit oriented city – from the view of transportation equity

The main aim of this paper is to demonstrate and validate the necessity of reforming Beijing to a public transit oriented (PTO) city from the view of transportation equity. Equity is believed to be of significant importance to development of sustainable transportation. This paper presents a comparison of the transportation structure in Beijing with that in other big cities around the world using Cluster Analysis. To accomplish the objective, a road spatial recourse analysis model is used which describes how to distribute road spatial resources fairly to private cars, taxies, and buses. Furthermore, a survey on the satisfactory degree about the first bus rapid transit (BRT) line in Beijing from 8 aspects was conducted. An average score between 4.5 and 3.5 out of 5 demonstrates that residents are satisfied with the BRT line. Results of this study show the feasibility and creditability in applying PTO transportation structure in Beijing. It is emphasized that more attention should be paid to public transit and it should be the orientation of Beijing's transportation system developed for the consideration of transportation equity.
Parameters of Hemostasis in Sheep Implanted with Composite Scaffold Settled by Stimulated Mesenchymal Stem Cells—Evaluation of the Animal Model

Implantation of composite scaffolds could be potentially associated with the risk of hemostatic disturbances in a recipient. However, there is a lack of information on possible alterations in clotting mechanisms resulting from such a procedure. The aim of the present work was to investigate changes in hemostatic parameters in sheep implanted with a scaffold composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (9:4.5:4.5), settled previously with mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by fibroblast growth factor-2 and bone morphogenetic protein-2. Nine Merino sheep were examined for 7 days, and measurements of clotting times (PT, aPTT), activities of antithrombin, protein C and clotting factors II-XII, and concentrations of fibrinogen and D-dimer were carried out before and 1 h, 24 h, 3 days and 7 days after scaffold implantation. The introduction of scaffold initially resulted in a slowdown of the clotting processes (most evident 24 h after surgery); PT and aPTT increased to 14.8 s and 33.9 s, respectively. From the third day onwards, most of these alterations began to return to normal values. The concentration of fibrinogen rose throughout the observation period (up to 8.4 g/L), mirroring the ongoing inflammatory reaction. However, no signals of significant disturbances in hemostatic processes were detected in the sheep tested.
NAO Robots Collaboration for Object Manipulation

This paper proposes a new method of collaboration within a team of twoindividual NAO robots that should execute together a complex operation. The Naorobots are developed so as not only to act individually, but also to cooperatewith other robots if they cannot accomplish the operation alone. This paperpresents a case study demonstrating the integration of the humanoid roboticsplatform Nao within a cooperation application. This specific scenario ofinterest takes place in a small simulated manufacturing environment; while thetask being the storage of a big object, with different shape and weight. Thisscenario is used to observe the impact and performance that this particularteam of humanoid robots has in an industrial environment.Finally we present the successful implementation of robot – robot cooperationcapabilities inspired by human behaviour.
Ultrafast all-optical gate switch based on frequency shift accompanied by semiconductor band-filling effect

We propose a novel all-optical gate switch based on a frequency shift accompanied by the semiconductor band-filling effect. This all-optical switch is very simple in structure, yet is capable of ultra-high-speed and high-efficiency switching. The switching characteristics are numerically investigated with a rate equation model for nonlinear phase shift. Then, the principle of operation is experimentally verified by measuring the spectral and time-domain properties of the switch. Its switching time is nearly the same as the duration (600 fs in the present experiment) of a control pulse.
A Cooperative Positioning Scheme Based on Extended Kalman Filter for Curve Warning Systems

Cooperative positioning (CP) is one of the core features in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) which is used to increase the positioning accuracy via wireless communication between vehicles and infrastructures. The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is always unavailable near black spot such as the curve which needs to be solved. So, in this paper, a novel CP scheme is proposed for the curve warning scenario with limited GNSS by utilizing the information of received signal strength and pointer angular of the roadside unit which is in a special dual-transmitter outphasing architecture. An extended Kalman filter is founded to estimate the real-time position of the vehicle in the curve section. The whole warning scenario is analyzed by computer simulation, and the result shows the feasibility of the method.
Experimental investigation on tetra-n-butyl-ammonium bromide clathrate hydrate slurry flows in a horizontal tube: Flow behavior and its rheological model

In the area of air conditioning, the tetra-n-butyl-ammonium bromide (TBAB) clathrate hydrate slurry (CHS) is a promising high-density latent-heat carrying medium. In this article, flow properties of two types of TBAB CHS were experimentally investigated in a horizontal tube with parameters of pressure drop ΔP, flow velocity of CHS V, and solid mass fraction χ. First, the Bingham rheological characteristics of TBAB CHS were confirmed in the range of solid mass fraction of χ ≤ 22% for type A and χ ≤ 25% for type B, respectively. Then, the re-laminarization phenomenon and region of weakened flow resistance were found according to the variation of pressure drop ΔP affected by the velocity and solid mass fraction χ throughout the flow regions, including laminar, intermediate, and turbulent flows. The deduction of the critical flow velocity and region of entire laminar flow velocity were useful for latent-heat transportation applications. Finally, the criterial relations between Fanning friction factor f and Metzner-Reed Reynolds number ReM were obtained for laminar-flow and turbulent-flow regions, respectively.
Improved Performance of a Radial Turbine Through the Implementation of Back Swept Blading

This report details the numerical investigation of the performance characteristics and internal flow fields of an 86 mm radial turbine for a turbocharger application. A new blade was subsequently designed for the 86 mm rotor which departed from the conventional radial inlet blade angle to incorporate a 25° inlet blade angle. A comparative analysis between the two geometries is presented. Results show that the 25° back swept blade offers significant increases in efficiency while operating at lower than optimum velocity ratios (U/C). This enhanced efficiency at off-design conditions would significantly improve turbocharger performance where the turbine typically experiences lower than optimum velocity ratios while accelerating during engine transients. A commercial CFD code was used to construct single passage steady state numerical models. The numerical predictions show off-design performance gains of 2% can be achieved, while maintaining design point efficiency. Primary and secondary flow patterns are examined at various planes within the turbine blade passage and reasons for the increase in performance are discussed. A finite element analysis has been conducted to assess the stress implications of introducing a non-radial angle at turbine rotor inlet. A modal analysis was also carried out in order to identify the natural frequencies of the turbine geometry, thus calculating the critical speeds corresponding to the induction of the excitational frequencies from the stator vanes. Although the new blade design has resulted in stress increases in some regions, the numerical study has shown that it is feasible from both an aerodynamic and structural point of view to increase the performance characteristic of a radial turbine through the implementation of back swept blading.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Natural ventilation in practice: linking facade design, thermal performance, occupant perception and control

The action of opening a window is the most intuitive and simple response to controlling overheating in a room. However, it relies on the vagaries of occupant interaction to exploit the passive design potential and achieve comfortable results. An understanding of occupant behaviour is thus of significance in the design and evaluation of naturally ventilated buildings. This paper demonstrates the link between facade design, thermal performance, occupant perception, and window use in naturally ventilated offices in summer, based on a pilot study monitoring offices in Cambridge, UK. Survey results indicate that facade design has a large impact on the occupants' perceived control over and satisfaction with their environments. The research reveals that there is a close connection between perceived control and actual control (with respect to window use), and that occupants with a high level of perceived control more frequently use their windows than others with a low level of perceived control. Positive feedback loops between occupant action and effect reinforce appropriate behaviour and the paper shows that it is possible to derive statistically significant behavioural models to predict window use for different facade conditions. L'action d'ouvrir une fenêtre est la réponse la plus intuitive et la plus simple au problème du contrôle de la surchauffe d'une pièce. Néanmoins, elle est soumise aux caprices des interactions des occupants pour que soit exploité le potentiel de la conception passive et qu'il en résulte une température agréable. Comprendre le comportement des occupants n'est donc pas sans importance pour la conception et l'évaluation des bâtiments à ventilation naturelle. Cet article démontre le lien existant entre la conception des façades, les performances thermiques, la perception des occupants et l'utilisation des fenêtres dans les bureaux à ventilation naturelle en été, sur la base d'une étude pilote de suivi de bureaux à Cambridge, au Royaume-Uni. Les résultats de cette enquête indiquent que la conception des façades a une incidence importante sur le contrôle perçu de leur environnement par les occupants et sur leur satisfaction à l'égard de ce dernier. L'étude révèle qu'il existe un lien étroit entre contrôle perçu et contrôle réel (par rapport à l'utilisation des fenêtres) et que les occupants qui ont un niveau élevé de contrôle perçu utilisent plus fréquemment leurs fenêtres que ceux qui ont un faible niveau de contrôle perçu. Les boucles de feedback positif entre les actions des occupants et leurs effets renforcent le comportement adapté et l'article montre qu'il est possible d'en retirer des modèles comportementaux statistiquement significatifs permettant de prédire l'utilisation des fenêtres en fonction de l'état des façades. Mots clés: comportement adaptatif, performances des bâtiments, conception des façades, ventilation naturelle, ventilation nocturne, comportement des occupants, perception des occupants, contrôle des fenêtres, Royaume-Uni
Roughness Implementation in FENSAP-ICE: Model Calibration and Influence on Ice Shapes

Introduction N OT all in- ight icing certi cation conditions can be wind/icetunnel tested,  ight tested, tanker tested,or encounteredin natural icing testing. Numerical simulation, thus, complements such tests and allows the safe exploration of the complete combined  ight/icing envelopes. As such, two-dimensional and quasi-threedimensional in- ight ice accretion simulation codes have been in use by the aerospace industry as an aid to the certi cation process. Numerically predicted ice shapes are manufactured from a light material and attached as disposable pro les on an aircraft, to investigate it for stability and control under model icing encounters. Although ef cient for calculating ice shapes on simple geometries, these  rst-generation simulation codes have limitations for complex truly three-dimensionalgeometries.Current advanced computational  uid dynamics (CFD) technologiesare quicklyovercoming these limitations. To predict ice accretion, accurate convective heat  uxes on smooth and rough surfaces are needed. In most current icing codes, convective heat  uxes are computed by solving integral boundarylayer equations and using an equivalent sand grain parameter to account for the roughness of the iced surface. The  nite element Navier–Stokes analysis package for ice (FENSAP-ICE) is a new three-dimensional CFD-based in- ight icing simulation system, built in a modular and interlinkedway to successivelysolve each of  ow, impingement, accretion, heat loads, and performance degradation.The codemodels the  ow based on the Euler/Navier–Stokes equationsfor the clean and degraded  ow and on new partial differential equations (PDEs) for each of the other three icing processes: The collection ef ciency is solved with the DROP3D module, a one-shot Eulerian method (as opposed to traditional particle-byparticle Lagrangian techniques), and ice accretion shapes are computed with ICE3D,2 a  nite volume method (as opposed to onedimensional control volume approaches). After much investigation of the most appropriate turbulence model for icing situations, the Spalart–Allmaras (S–A) one-equationmodel was selected for its simplicity and for the ease of implementation of roughness calculations. In this Technical Note, we  rst present the roughness calibration results for the model and then show the strong in uence of such roughness on ice shape predictions.
Energy analysis and optimisation techniques for automatically synthesised coprocessors

The primary outcome of this research project is the development of a methodology enabling fast automated early-stage power and energy analysis of configurable processors for system-on-chip platforms. Such capability is essential to the process of selecting energy efficient processors during design-space exploration, when potential savings are highest. This has been achieved by developing dynamic and static energy consumption models for the constituent blocks within the processors. Several optimisations have been identified, specifically targeting the most significant blocks in terms of energy consumption. Instruction encoding mechanism reduces both the energy and area requirements of the instruction cache; modifications to the multiplier unit reduce energy consumption during inactive cycles. Both techniques are demonstrated to offer substantial energy savings. The aforementioned techniques have undergone detailed evaluation and, based on the positive outcomes obtained, have been incorporated into Cascade, a system-on-chip coprocessor synthesis tool developed by Critical Blue, to provide automated analysis and optimisation of processor energy requirements. This thesis details the process of identifying and examining each method, along with the results obtained. Finally, a case study demonstrates the benefits of the developed functionality, from the perspective of someone using Cascade to automate the creation of an energy-efficient configurable processor for system-on-chip platforms.
Pragmatic use of priority life cycle assessment elements to help drive product stewardship

Hewlett-Packard, Computer Products Organization (CPO) has launched a product stewardship program with an overall objective to provide products and services that are environmentally sound throughout their life cycle and to conduct operations worldwide in an environmentally responsible manner. A set of metrics or measurement tools was needed to help drive product and process improvements and to provide management an easy method to review and measure progress. The metrics should be easy to use, pragmatic and noncontroversial. The metrics are used to set product specific objectives and provide a method to measure percentage improvement above a baseline. The metrics can be used with product, packaging, consumables, learning products, (manuals, etc.) and manufacturing processes. <<ETX>>
Four years of low-altitude sea ice broad-band backscatter measurements

The ability to use radar to discriminate Arctic Sea ice types has been investigated using surface-based and helicopter-borne scatterometer systems. The surface-based FM/CW radar operated at 1.5 GHz and at multiple frequencies in the 8-18-GHz region. Measurements were made at angles of 10\deg to 70\deg from nadir. The helicopter-based radar operated at the 8-18-GHz frequencies with incidence angles of 0\deg to 60\deg . Extensive surface-truth measurements were made at or near the time of backscattar measurement to describe the physical and electrical properties of the polar scene. Measurements in the 8-18-GHz region verify the ability to discriminate multiyear, thick first-year, thin first-year, and pressure-ridged sea ice and lake ice. The lowest frequency, 9 GHz, was found to provide the greatest contrast between these ice categories, with significant levels of separation existing between angles from 15\deg to 70\deg . The radar cross sections for like antenna polarizations, VV and HH, were very similar in absolute level and angular response. Cross-polarization, VH and HV, provided the greatest contrast between ice types, The 1.5-GHz measurements showed that thick first-year, thin first-year, and multiyear sea ice cannot be distinguished at 10\deg to 60\deg incidence angles with like polarization, VV, by backscatter alone; but that undeformed sea ice can be discriminated from pressure-ridged ice and lake ice. The effect of snow cover on the backscatter from thick first-year ice was also investigated. It contributes on the order of 0 to 4 dB, depending on frequency and incidence angle; the contribution of the snow layer increased with increasing frequency. Snow cover on smooth lake ice was found to be a major backscatter mechanism. Summer measurements demonstrate the inability to extend the knowledge of the backscatter from sea ice under spring conditions to all seasons.
Generic Framework for Stochastic Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Deterioration Caused by Corrosion

Reinforced concrete structures constitute an important fraction of the building infrastructure. This infrastructure is aging and a large number of structures will exceed the prescribed service period in the next decades. The aging of concrete structures is often accompanied by correspondent deterioration mechanisms. One of the major deterioration mechanisms is the corrosion of the reinforcing steel, caused by chloride ions or carbon dioxide exposure. The decisions, made in connection to possible repair or renewals of these structures, have major implications on safety and cost efficiency in a societal dimension. Public authorities, entitled to administrate the infrastructure, are in need of schemes and methodologies that facilitate the optimal management of the already existing stock of structures, especially in regard to repair and maintenance planning. In this thesis a generic framework for a stochastic modeling of reinforced concrete deterioration caused by corrosion is presented. This framework couples existing probabilistic models for chloride and carbonation initiation with models for the propagation and the effects of corrosion. For this purpose, a combination of structural reliability analysis and Bayesian networks is used for the reliability assessment of the reinforced concrete structure. This approach allows to compute probabilities of rare events for complex structures in an efficient way to update the model with new information from measurements, monitoring and inspection results. This framework enables, for the first time, a holistic view of the current service life models, with corresponding sensitivity studies and finding optimal decisions for treating deteriorated reinforced concrete structures. The temporal evolvement of structures can also be represented and analyzed within this framework.
A Hermetic Glass-Silicon Micropack h-Density On-Chip Feedthro for Sensors and Actuators

This paper describes the development of a hermetic micropackage with high-density on-chip feedthroughs for sensor and actuator applications. The packaging technique uses low- temperature (320" C) electrostatic bonding of a custom-made glass capsule (Corning #7740,2 x 2 x 8 mm3) to fine grain polysilicon in order to form a hermetically sealed cavity. High-density on-chip multiple polysilicon feedthroughs (200 per millimeter) are used for connecting external sensors and actuators to the electronic circuitry inside the package. A high degree of planarity over feedthrough areas is obtained by using grid-shaped polysilicon feedthrough lines that are covered with phosphosilicate glass (PSG), which is subsequently reflown at 1100°C in steam for 2 h. Saline and DI water soak tests at elevated temperatures (85 and 95" C) were performed to determine the reliability of the package. Preliminary results have shown a mean time to failure (MTTF) of 284 days and 118 days at 85 and 95"C, respectively, in DI water. An Arrhenius diffusion model for moisture penetration yields an expected lifetime of 116 years at body temperature (37°C) for these packages. In vivo tests in guinea pigs and rats for periods ranging from one to two months have shown no sign of infection, inflammation, or tissue abnormality around the implanted package. (181)
Development and Psychometrics of a Theory-Based Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire for the Pregnant Women (PA2Q-PW)

Backgrounds & Aims: There is evidence that physical activity plays an essential role in preventing pregnancy-related diseases. This study aimed to develop and design a theory-based physical activity assessment questionnaire for pregnant women (PA2Q-PW). Methods: The PEN-3 cultural model provided the theoretical foundations for the four subscales of our designed instrument; knowledge, attitude, nurture, and enabling. The primary questionnaire was designed with 41 items, and the questionnaire was modified according to the experts' reviews. At last, a group of 400 pregnant women participated in a study to calculate the psychometrics of the tool. Results: The highest score was seen in the knowledge subscale of PA2Q-PW, and the value of Cronbach's alpha for the subscales was from 0.89 to 0.97, and the value of ICC was from 0.76 to 0.89. The correlation (CVI & CVR indices) between the experts was satisfactory in all items of PA2Q-PW. The minimum loading factor for varimax rotation in the knowledge subscale was 0.41; the attitude was 0.56, nurtures were 0.38, and enabling was 0.27. Conclusion: PA2Q-PW is the first standard tool based on the PEN-3 cultural model that researchers can utilize to gather data and conduct the desired education interventions to change physical activity behavior in pregnant women during pregnancy.