Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Energy Potential and Conversion Efficiency of Biomass into Target Biofuels: A Case Study in Ethiopian Sugar Industry- Wonji-Shoa

Global energy security relies on fossil-based resources that are affiliated with the source of global warming, apart from punches of political and economic instabilities. Biomass is a promising alternative carbonaceous feedstock used for the production of clean energy that could have the potential to substitute for fossil fuels. This study aims to present a conceptual design that considers the criteria to identify the upper theoretical limits of biomass conversion, thus providing the potential approach to the conversion of three biomass (by-products: dry molasses, dry bagasse, and dry filter cake) through gasification, in order to contribute the biomass carbon-capturing by the model assessment of stoichiometric mass conversion and energy efficiency indicators into simple thermodynamic energy vectors, such as alcohols, alkanes, and syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen). Modeling plays up the importance of stoichiometric efficiency of biomass conversion with the supply of oxygen and hydrogen. This realizes that the multi-product diversification of feedstock into syngas, hydrocarbons, and alcohol through integrated process schemes could have the potential to fill the energy gap and help to manage environmental load. In regard to biomass conversion results, the mass conversion and energy conversion efficiencies of dry bagasse have better conversion potential than molasses and F. cake (% mass conversion = 129 in syngas, 54.4 in alkane, and 43.4 in alcohol; % energy conversion = 94.3 in syngas and 93.3 in alkane and alcohol).
INCLUSÃO DE TERMO DE “INÉRCIA” AERÓBIA NO MODELO DE VELOCIDADE CRÍTICA APLICADO À CANOAGEM

The aim of this study was to test the effects of addition of the “inertia” aerobic term [Time = AWC inertia / (Velocity – CV inertia . (1 - exp (-tempo/τ) ))] in the traditional hyperbolic velocity-time equation in canoeing. The distances ranging 130-2.000 m were covered by male (M) and female (F) canoeists in maximal velocity. In both groups, CV inertia (M: 3,19 ± 0,17 m/s; F: 2,94 ± 0,11 m/s) was significantly lower than CV (M: 3,31 ± 0,21 m/s; F: 3,01 ± 0,14 m/s), and the opposite pattern was observed between AWC inertia (M: 165,5 ± 33,0 m; F: 139,0 ± 30,3 m) and AWC (M: 103,6 ± 32,6; F: 105,3 ± 20,7 m). The aerobic participation predicted by the proposed “inertia” model during several distances, provided estimates close to those defined by the literature. Therefore, it was concluded that the inclusion of the “inertia” term can provide adequate estimates of aerobic contribution during canoeing.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Botox Injection for Refractory Anal Fissure

Background: Anal fissures cause severe pain and can be difficult to treat. Medical therapy is initially used, followed by sigmoidoscopy-guided botox injections if the medical therapy is not successful. With this technique, however, it is not clear whether botox is injected into the muscle layer or submucosa. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of EUS-guided botox injection directly into the internal sphincter. Methods: Consecutive patients with chronic anal fissure refractory to conventional endoscopic botulinum toxin type A injection were enrolled in the study. EUS was performed using a linear array echoendoscope, and a 25 G needle was used to inject botox. All patients were followed up at one- and two-month intervals. Results: Eight patients with chronic anal fissures were included in the study. Six patients had an excellent response to botox at the two-month interval using a visual analog pain scale, while one patient had a moderate response with a pain score reduction of 40%. One patient had no response. No complications were noted. An improvement in visual analog scale (pre-score > post-score) was statistically significant at the p < 0.01 level. Conclusion: EUS-guided botox injection into the internal sphincter appears to be a promising technique for patients with refractory anal fissure with pain.
THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN MALAYSIA DURING THE INTENSITY OF MARKET COMPETITION

This study aims to understand the impact of the intensity of market competition on the performance of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. It also examines how management accounting information mediates the relationship between the intensity of market competition and the performance of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. This study focuses on the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. Data consists of 74 electrical and electronics manufacturing companies that are listed in the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) directory. The analysis is conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation (PLS-SEM). The findings suggest that the intensity of market competition is related positively to the performance of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. Also, management accounting information plays a mediating role between the intensity of market competition and the performance of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia. This study contributes to the management accounting literature by expanding the understanding of using management accounting information in improving the performance of the manufacturing industry in Malaysia during the intensity of market competition. Also, the findings of this study give empirical evidence to the practitioners that the intensity of market competition positively influenced organizational performance, and that the use of management accounting information supports managers to improve organizational performance.
A hybrid modified lightweight algorithm for achieving data integrity and confidentiality

Encryption algorithms aim to make data secure enough to be decrypted by an attacker. This paper combines the Speck and the Salsa20 to make it difficult for an attacker to exploit any weaknesses in these two algorithms and create a new lightweight hybrid algorithm called Speck-Salsa20 algorithm for data integrity and confidentiality (SSDIC). SSDIC uses less energy and has an efficient throughput. It works well in both hardware and software and can handle a variety of explicit plaintext and key sizes. SSDIC solves the difficulties of the Speck algorithm. The sequence generated by Speck is not random and fails to meet an acceptable success rate when tested in statistical tests. It is processed by generating a random key using the Salsa20 algorithm. Salsa20 is a high-speed secure algorithm that is faster than advanced encryption standard (AES) and can be used on devices with low resources. It uses a 256-bit key hash function. The recovery of the right half of the original key of the Speck algorithm is also handled by modifying the Speck round function and the key schedule. Simulation results show, according to a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test, the performance achieved by the SSDIC is increased by nearly 66% more than that achieved from the Speck in terms of data integrity and confidentiality.
Exploring the brown dwarf desert : new substellar companions from the SDSS-III MARVELS survey

Planet searches using the radial velocity technique show a paucity of companions to solar-type stars within ~5 AU in the mass range of ~10 - 80 M$_{\text{Jup}}$. This deficit, known as the brown dwarf desert, currently has no conclusive explanation. New substellar companions in this region help asses the reality of the desert and provide insight to the formation and evolution of these objects. Here we present 10 new brown dwarf and two low-mass stellar companion candidates around solar-type stars from the Multi-object APO Radial-Velocity Exoplanet Large-Area Survey (MARVELS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III). These companions were selected from processed MARVELS data using the latest University of Florida Two Dimensional (UF2D) pipeline, which shows significant improvement and reduction of systematic errors over previous pipelines. The 10 brown dwarf companions range in mass from ~13 to 76 M$_{\text{Jup}}$ and have orbital radii of less than 1 AU. The two stellar companions have minimum masses of ~98 and 100 M$_{\text{Jup}}$. The host stars of the MARVELS brown dwarf sample have a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.03 $\pm$ 0.08 dex. Given our stellar sample we estimate the brown dwarf occurrence rate around solar-type stars with periods less than ~300 days to be ~0.56%.
Concurrent Epstein Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor and myeloid sarcoma of the liver and acute myeloid leukemia in a patient post kidney transplant: a case report and review of the literature

Background Epstein Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumors (EBV-SMT) are rare neoplasms that can occur in immunocompromised individuals. The native or transplanted liver is the most commonly involved site in post transplant patients. Systemic therapies have been utilized in EBV-SMT with modest activity. Case Description We describe a 23-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who presented with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and hepatic myeloid sarcoma (MS). Although it was not recognized initially, her liver biopsy revealing MS at diagnosis was posthumously found to have synchronous EBV-SMT. She underwent anthracycline based induction and achieved a complete remission of her AML by bone marrow biopsy. Due to a persistent hepatic mass, she was given salvage chemotherapy including fludarabine, etoposide, cytarabine, decitabine, and venetoclax for presumed refractory MS. Re-biopsy of the liver revealed the absence of MS and presence of EBV-SMT, which subsequently grew rapidly and precluded her from a liver tumor resection. The patient underwent sirolimus mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) therapy with palliative intent, but the patient’s EBV-SMT progressed shortly after. At time of autopsy, the patient remained in complete remission from AML/MS, but was found to have multifocal progressive metastatic EBV-SMT. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first reported case of synchronous AML/MS and post transplant hepatic EBV-SMT that underwent treatment for AML/MS. Our report suggests that the chemotherapeutic agents utilized for AML/MS may have poor efficacy against EBV-SMT.
Percolation And Galam Theory Of Minority Opinion Spreading

The way in which an opinion rejecting reform can finally become the consensus of everyone was studied by Galam (2002) in a probabilistic model. We now replace his clusters by those formed via random percolation by letting particles diffuse on a lattice. Galam's rejection of reform is reproduced below the percolation threshold, whereas at and above the threshold, approval of a reform also becomes possible.
Supply Chain Management of Outsourcing Module Components Decision-Making using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Visual Basic Application in Automotive Body-in-White Welding Assembly Line

Supply Chain Management (SCM) has gained the attention of business organizations as it affects corporate efficiency and competitive advantage. Component outsourcing is an important element of SCM practices and is considered to be a multi-criteria decision-making problem (MCDM) in vendor selection processes. However, decision-making on the selection of vendors is crucial, as the outsourcing program is influenced by multiple technical and commercial criteria of vendors. Developing an Excel-based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model for vendor selection therefore helps to simplify selection processes. In this paper, a Visual Basic Application (VBA) Excel-based AHP model was developed, which multiple criteria, sub-criteria and vendors and simultaneously compared with multiple main criteria, sub-criteria and alternatives for vendor selection. The model was validated with a case study of selecting a vendor for module components of body-in-white (BIW) in automotive industry as industrial application. As a result, vendor A is the best vendor since it has the highest overall score of 0.35206. Whereas vendor B is 0.239, vendor C is 0.126, vendor D is 0.146 and vendor E 0.135. In addition, the model is capable of resolving other MCDM problems. This paper provides resources such as AHP methodology, validating method and VBA code programming to readers in developing their own VBA Excel-based model.
Absolute dimensions of solar-type eclipsing binaries: II. V636 Centauri: A 1.05 M⊙ primary with an active, cool, oversize 0.85 M⊙ secondary

Context. The influence of stellar activity on the fundamental properties of stars around and below 1 Mis not well understood. Accurate mass, radius, and abundance determinations from solar-type binaries exhibiting various levels of activity are needed for a better insight into the structure and evolution of these stars. Aims. We aim to determine absolute dimensions and abundances for the solar-type detached eclipsing binary V636 Cen, and to perform a detailed comparison with results from recent stellar evolutionary models. Methods. uvby light curves and uvbyβ standard photometry were obtained with the Stromgren Automatic Telescope, radial velocity observations with the CORAVEL spectrometer, and high-resolution spectra with the FEROS spectrograph, all at ESO, La Silla. State- of-the-art methods were applied for the photometric and spectroscopic analyses. Results. Masses and radii that are precise to 0.5% have been established for the components of V636 Cen. The 0.85 Msecondary component is moderately active with starspots and Ca ii H and K emission, and the 1.05 Mprimary shows signs of activity as well, but at a much lower level. We derive a (Fe/H) abundance of −0.20 ± 0.08 and similar abundances for Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Co, and Ni. Corresponding solar-scaled stellar models are unable to reproduce V636 Cen, especially its secondary component, which is ∼10% larger and ∼400 K cooler than predicted. Models adopting significantly lower mixing-length parameters l/Hp remove these discrepancies, seen also for other solar-type binary components. For the observed (Fe/H), Claret models for l/Hp = 1.4 (primary) and 1.0 (secondary) reproduce the components of V636 Cen at a common age of 1.35 Gyr. The orbit is eccentric (e = 0.135 ± 0.001), and apsidal motion with a 40% relativistic contribution has been detected. The period is U = 5 270 ± 335 yr, and the inferred mean central density concentration coefficient, log(k2) = −1.61 ± 0.05, agrees marginally with model predictions. The measured rotational velocities, 13.0 ± 0.2 (primary) and 11.2 ± 0.5 (secondary) km s −1 , are in remarkable agreement with the theoretically predicted pseudo-synchronous velocities, but are about 15% lower than the periastron values. Conclusions. V636 Cen and 10 other well-studied inactive and active solar-type binaries suggest that chromospheric activity, and its effect on envelope convection, is likely to cause radius and temperature discrepancies, which can be removed by adjusting the model mixing length parameters downwards. Noting this, the sample may also lend support to theoretical 2D radiation hydrodynamics studies, which predict a slight decrease of the mixing length parameter with increasing temperature/mass for inactive main sequence stars. More binaries are, however, needed for a description/calibration in terms of physical parameters and level of activity.
XBT Science: Assessment of Instrumental Biases and Errors

AbstractExpendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were the major component of the ocean temperature profile observations from the late 1960s through the early 2000s, and XBTs still continue to provide critical data to monitor surface and subsurface currents, meridional heat transport, and ocean heat content. Systematic errors have been identified in the XBT data, some of which originate from computing the depth in the profile using a theoretically and experimentally derived fall-rate equation (FRE). After in-depth studies of these biases and discussions held in several workshops dedicated to discussing XBT biases, the XBT science community met at the Fourth XBT Science Workshop and concluded that XBT biases consist of 1) errors in depth values due to the inadequacy of the probe motion description done by standard FRE and 2) independent pure temperature biases. The depth error and temperature bias are temperature dependent and may depend on the data acquisition and recording system. In addition, the depth bia.
Quantum Optics in Dense Atomic Media: From Optical Memories to Fluids of Light

This Habilitation manuscript describes the work done at JQI-NIST and LKB-ENS-Sorbonne University since 2010. After a brief introduction of the needed concepts for non-linear and quantum optics in optically dense atomic medium, I review several experiments about the Gradient Echo Memory protocol in warm atomic vapors and in cold atomic clouds, and especially the multi-mode properties of this memory. In the next chapter I describe two experiments of quantum optics in dense atomic medium : the possibility to image using quantum noise and the propagation of quantum mutual information in a fast-light medium. In chapter 4 I study two recents experiments about hydrodynamics of light in exciton-polariton systems and in warm atomic vapor. Finally I present the future project of my group at LKB. The main goal of this manuscript is to provide the tools to connect non-linear and quantum optics to quantum fluids of light. Because the physics of matter quantum fluids and fluids of light has long been the territory of condensed matter physicists, it is uncommon to find textbooks which draw the analogies with quantum optics. I have taken the reverse trajectory, being trained as a quantum optician and moving progressively to quantum gases and quantum fluids of light. Naturally, I try to use the concepts and resources developed by the quantum optics community to improve experiment about fluids of light, but I also reverse the approach and ask a very simple question: what does the concept of fluid of light bring to our understanding of non-linear and quantum optics ? It can be rephrased as an operational question: which new effects can we predict (and possibly observe) using the photon fluid formalism ?
Development and Validation of Nomograms to Assess Risk Factors and Overall Survival Prediction for Lung Metastasis in Young Patients with Osteosarcoma: A SEER-Based Study

Background To establish two nomograms to quantify the diagnostic factors of lung metastasis (LM) and their role in assessing prognosis in young patients with LM osteosarcoma. Methods A total of 618 osteosarcoma young patients from 2010 to 2015 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Another 131 patients with osteosarcoma from local hospitals were also collected as an external validation set. Patients were randomized into training sets (n = 434) and validation sets (n = 184) with a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factor for LM and were used to construct the nomogram. Risk variables for the overall survival rate of patients with LM were evaluated by Cox regression. Another nomogram was also constructed to predict survival rates. The results were validated using bootstrap resampling and retrospective research on 131 osteosarcoma young patients from 2010 to 2019 at three local hospitals. Results There were 114 (18.45%) patients diagnosed as LM at initial diagnosis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that T stage, N stage, and bone metastasis were independent risk factors for LM in newly diagnosed young osteosarcoma patients (P < 0.001). The ROC analysis revealed that area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.751, 0.821, and 0.735 in the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set, respectively, indicating good predictive discrimination. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis suggested that age, surgery, chemotherapy, primary site, and bone metastasis were prognostic factors for young osteosarcoma patients with LM. The time-dependent ROC curves showed that the AUCs for predicting 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 0.817, 0.792, and 0.815 in the training set and 0.772, 0.807, and 0.804 in the internal validation set, respectively. As for the external validation set, the AUCs for predicting 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 0.787, 0.818, and 0.717. Conclusions The nomograms can help clinicians strengthen their personal decision-making and can improve the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients.
The Wet Bias of RegCM4 Over Tibet Plateau in Summer Reduced by Adopting the 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Solar Radiative Effect Parameterization Scheme

The Regional Climate Model Version 4 (RegCM4) with the conventional plane‐parallel radiative transfer scheme severely overestimates the summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) due to the excessive surface heat source, which results from the poor representation of the sub‐grid terrain‐related radiation processes. To realistically describe the surface sub‐grid radiation process in the RegCM4, a 3‐dimensional sub‐grid terrain solar radiative effect (3DSTSRE) parameterization scheme is implemented into the RegCM4 to improve the original plane‐parallel radiative transfer scheme. Results show that adopting the 3DSTSRE scheme in RegCM4 can significantly reduce the summer (June–August) wet bias over the TP produced by the model with the plane‐parallel radiative transfer scheme. Mechanism analysis indicates that the 3DSTSRE scheme largely improves the description of the TP surface energy balance in the RegCM4 by reducing the positive bias of downward surface solar radiation (DSSR). The reduced DSSR leads to the weakened surface heat source and cooler near‐surface air over the TP. Consequently, the local atmospheric circulation adapts to the temperature field as the low‐level anti‐cyclonic (high‐level cyclonic) anomaly over the TP. The adjustment of the temperature and wind field attenuates the water vapor transport, enhances the low‐level atmospheric stability, inhibits the updraft motion, and eventually reduces the rainfall over TP. Although the 3DSTSRE improves the DSSR simulation only during daytime, the precipitation simulation is also improved at nighttime, which is fundamentally attributed to the maintenance of the cooled atmosphere throughout the daytime and nighttime.
Numerical Experiment of Tropical Cyclone Formation in the Intertropical Convergence Zone

Employing an implicit representation scheme for cumulus convection (Yamasaki, 1986), numerical experiments are performed to study tropical cyclone formation in the intertropical convergence zone. Fine resolution grid of 40km is used in the tonal belt where the sea surface temperature is relatively high while two areas having a coarse grid resolution of 120km are located to the north and the south. Cyclic conditions are imposed in the tonal direction. Initially, buoyancy perturbations are added to a resting atmosphere or an easterly flow having a horizontal shear is applied so that vertical motion (and convection) may be initiated. No external disturbances such as subtropical highs are taken into account. Results of the numerical experiments indicate that convection and larger-scale circulations such as tropical disturbances and meridional Hadley circulations interact in a cooperative way. As a result, they are maintained or formed repeatedly over a long period of time. Some weak disturbances or vortices which are created by convective activity develop to become tropical depressions and tropical cyclones. In many respects results obtained in this study are consistent with those from the model of explicit cumulus convection (Yamasaki, 1983, 84).