Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of analytical solution for stream depletion due to groundwater pumping in Gapcheon watershed, South Korea

A number of groundwater wells for agricultural activity, including rice farming and greenhouses, have been developed near streams over the past 20 years in South Korea. The result of a stream depletion calculation using an analytical solution of complimentary error function shows that groundwater pumping at 1949 wells drilled in the Gapcheon watershed can produce stream depletion. This amount is estimated at about 7% of annual baseflow and reaches as high as 18% of monthly baseflow during the maximum agricultural water consumption period in May. Agricultural wells have a larger effect on stream depletion than domestic wells because of their higher pumping rate. Stream depletion from agricultural wells located within 200 m from a stream represents 65% of the total depletion rate. Agricultural water policy for water use at nearby streams should be changed to reduce stream depletion and thereby maintain sustainable water development in South Korea. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematics and Computer Science

Departmental distinction: To graduate with distinction requires a specified minimum grade point average in all Computer Science and Mathematics courses listed below. A GPA of 3.25 is required for Distinction, 3.5 for High Distinction, and 3.75 for Highest Distinction. In addition, students must complete at least three semester hours of additional Computer Science or Mathematics courses selected from the following:CS 196, CS 296, CS 397, CS 492, CS 493, CS 499, any CS course numbered 411 or higher, MATH 412, MATH 414, MATH 417, MATH 418, MATH 423, MATH 432, MATH 448, MATH 482, MATH 484, MATH 496.
Upwelling backscatter plumes in growth phase of equatorial spread F observed with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar

Upwelling radar backscatter plumes around sunset time associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) are investigated with rapid beam‐scanning capability of the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR). Nonlinear evolution of plumes which could not be understood by single fixed‐beam radar observations was observationally studied with the EAR for the first time. The rise velocity of the observed plumes ranging from a few tens to a few hundreds of meters per second is similar to nonlinear evolution of plasma bubbles simulated by the previous numerical studies. Importance of sunset terminator transition should be considered because of its comparable rise velocity. Since the rise velocity of the plumes is highly variable, many factors should contribute to growth of plasma bubbles.
Suspended Sediment Concentration And Discharge Relationships In The Ethiopian Highlands

This study presents a basic investigation on the influence of discharge on the variable sediment concentrations in the Andit Tid, Anjeni, and Maybar watersheds of northern Ethiopia. With valuable sediment concentration and stage measurements recorded by the Soil Conservation Research Programme at monitoring sites starting in the 1980’s, it is possible to gain knowledge about the important processes that affect changing sediment concentrations. For the years of observation, sediment yield estimates were 5.4 t·hay, 22.5 t·hay, and 8.8 t·hay for Andit Tid, Anjeni, and Maybar respectively. Although catchments tend to exhibit positive correlation between runoff and sediment concentration, albeit with a degree of scatter, these catchments exhibit a peculiar scatter of observations with high concentrations for low flows and low concentrations for high flows. Due to this behavior, a sediment rating curve for all observations was unsatisfactory and subsequently, using several cumulative precipitation divisions to group related observations, non-linear regression showed a weak correlation for the Andit Tid basin, for most of the Anjeni basin and during the early portion of the rainy season in the Maybar basin. Stratification of points into cumulative precipitation ranges served to bring some order to the scatter plots of sediment concentration versus discharge to demonstrate that higher concentrations are observed during the beginning of the rainy season and lower concentrations are observed towards the end of the rainy season. Still, the exhaustion of available soil for transport may prove to have an important role in limiting the ability of discharge to account for the variability of sediment concentration throughout the season.
WSe2/MoS2 and MoTe2/SnSe2 van der Waals heterostructure transistors with different band alignment

Heterostructure field-effect transistors (hetero-FETs) are experimentally demonstrated, consisting of van der Waals heterostructure channels based on a 2D semiconductor. By optimally selecting the band alignment of the heterostructure channels, different output characteristics of the hetero-FETs were achieved. In atomically thin WSe2/MoS2 hetero-FET with staggered energy band, the oscillating transfer characteristic and negative transconductance were realized. With near-broken-gap alignment in the MoTe2/SnSe2 heterostructure channel, a superior reverse-biased current was obtained in the hetero-FETs, which can be analyzed as typical tunneling current. Our study on the hetero-FET-based atomically thin van der Waals heterostructure channel, provides significant inspiration and reference to novel heterostructure FETs.
Importance of water mass formation regions for the air‐sea CO2 flux estimate in the Southern Ocean

CARIOCA drifters and ship data from several cruises in the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) of the Pacific Ocean, approximately 40°S–55°S, have been used in order to investigate surface CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) patterns. The highest DIC values were determined in regions of deep water formation, characterized by deep mixed layer depths (MLD) as estimated from Argo float profiles. As a result, these areas act as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. Using an empirical linear relationship between DIC, sea surface temperature (SST), and MLD, we then combine DIC with AT based on salinity and compute pCO2. Finally, we derive monthly fields of air‐sea CO2 flux in the SAZ. Our fit predicts the existence of a realistic seasonal cycle, close to equilibrium with the atmosphere in winter and a sink when biological activity takes place. It also reproduces the impact that deep water formation regions close to the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and in the eastern part of the SAZ have on the uptake capacity of the area. These areas, undersampled in previous studies, have high pCO2, and as a result, our estimates (0.05 ± 0.03 PgC yr−1) indicate that the Pacific SAZ acts as a weaker sink of CO2 than suggested by previous studies which neglect these source regions.
Statistical Considerations for Analyzing Data Derived from Long Longitudinal Cohort Studies

Modern science is frequently based on the exploitation of large volumes of information storage in datasets and involving complex computational architectures. The statistical analyses of these datasets have to cope with specific challenges and frequently involve making informed but arbitrary decisions. Epidemiological papers have to be concise and focused on the underlying clinical or epidemiological results, not reporting the details behind relevant methodological decisions. In this work, we used an analysis of the cardiovascular-related measures tracked in 4–8-year-old children, using data from the INMA-Asturias cohort for illustrating how the decision-making process was performed and its potential impact on the obtained results. We focused on two particular aspects of the problem: how to deal with missing data and which regression model to use to evaluate tracking when there are no defined thresholds to categorize variables into risk groups. As a spoiler, we analyzed the impact on our results of using multiple imputation and the advantage of using quantile regression models in this context.
User experiences of an app-based mHealth intervention (MINISTOP 2.0) integrated in Swedish primary child healthcare among Swedish-, Somali- and Arabic-speaking parents and child healthcare nurses: A qualitative study

Background Preventive and scalable interventions, accessible to all, to counteract childhood obesity are urgently needed. We have recently developed a novel, digital parental intervention (MINISTOP 2.0 app) available in Swedish, Somali, Arabic and English. We have previously reported its positive effects on children's health behaviors and on parental self-efficacy. However, before introducing the app at scale in primary child healthcare, implementation aspects also need to be explored. Aim This study aims to explore and describe user experiences as well as acceptability and feasibility of the MINISTOP 2.0 app-based intervention in a diverse group of parents (end-users) and Swedish child healthcare nurses (implementers). Methods Individual interviews were conducted with Swedish- (n = 9), Somali- (n = 9), Arabic- (n = 5) and English-speaking (n = 1) parents as well as Swedish primary child healthcare nurses (n = 15). Data was analyzed using content analysis with an inductive latent approach. Results Parents described how the app facilitated behavior change through increased awareness regarding current diet and physical activity behaviors. Furthermore, the evidence-based app content further facilitated trust and behavior change. Both parents and nurses acknowledged the app's preventive potential and the potential for reaching parents with diverse backgrounds or in need of extra support. Conclusion The MINISTOP 2.0 app was perceived as a useful tool for health promotion both by parents and healthcare professionals, especially since it was adapted to several languages. These findings coupled with the previously shown beneficial effects on health behaviors support the large-scale implementation of the app in primary child healthcare.
Climate change intensification of horizontal water vapor transport in CMIP5

Global warming of the Earth's atmosphere is hypothesized to lead to an intensification of the global water cycle. To determine associated hydrological changes, most previous research has used precipitation. This study, however, investigates projected changes to global atmospheric water vapor transport (integrated vapor transport (IVT)), the key link between water source and sink regions. Using 22 global circulation models from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, we evaluate, globally, the mean, standard deviation, and the 95th percentiles of IVT from the historical simulations (1979–2005) and two emissions scenarios (2073–2099). Considering the more extreme emissions, multimodel mean IVT increases by 30–40% in the North Pacific and North Atlantic storm tracks and in the equatorial Pacific Ocean trade winds. An acceleration of the high‐latitude IVT is also shown. Analysis of low‐altitude moisture and winds suggests that these changes are mainly due to higher atmospheric water vapor content.
Quantifying the Variability of Power and Energy Consumption for IoT Edge Nodes

For IoT and edge systems, measuring, predicting and optimizing energy consumption is an open field. It is important to accurately and precisely characterize power and energy consumption of edge nodes, as energy can be a scarce and key resource. However, there are no fine-grain studies that aim at understanding the potential variability of power and energy consumption of edge nodes. Existing research works give minor or no significance to this potential variability. This paper addresses this problem by quantifying the variability of power and energy consumption on a single edge node, and among multiple homogeneous edge nodes, for three scenarios: Idle, CPU intensive “matrix product” and RAM intensive “flip”. These scenarios are found in edge applications. Identical controlled experiments are repeated thoroughly, for each scenario. Results show that power and energy variability exist for all studied scenarios. On a single node, power and energy variability measurements are relatively low. On multiple homogeneous nodes, the variability can be significant. For example, for CPU intensive “matrix product”, the variability in energy is equivalent to an idle up-time, in a month, of 7 hours and 52 hours, when considering single and multiple homogeneous nodes, respectively.
Can Scoliosis Help the Early Diagnosis of Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome?

Background Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are a group of hereditary diseases of the neuromuscular junction. CMS are extremely rare diseases that cause hypotonia; however, scoliosis may theoretically be helpful in early diagnosis of CMS. The objective of this study was to emphasize the clinical features of the patients we followed up with the diagnosis of CMS and demonstrate that scoliosis is an important finding in the diagnosis of CMS in the presence of hypotonia/weakness. Materials and methods In this retrospective study, data were retrieved by examining the digital files of the patients who presented to Aydın Maternity and Children’s Hospital and Elazığ Fethi Sekin City Hospital Pediatric Neurology Clinics between 2018 and 2023. The diagnosis of CMS was strongly supported by a combination of clinical characteristics, neurophysiological studies, genetic tests, AChR antibodies, and serum creatine kinase measurement. The presence of scoliosis was evaluated by an orthopedics and traumatology specialist. Results Eleven CMS patients with accompanying scoliosis were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 69.4±39.28 months. The age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 42.7±35.19 months. Among the patients, eight were males (72.7%), and three were females (27.2%). Seven patients (63.6%) had COLQ mutations. Electromyography was conducted on eight patients, with one of them showing no pathological findings, while seven exhibited decremental responses. All patients had ptosis, while six (54.5%) had bulbar signs. Ten patients (90.9%) had weakness. Nine patients (81.8%) experienced frequent recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Both the patient with CHAT mutation and RAPSN mutation had arthrogryposis. Conclusion In this study, CMS stands out as an essential consideration in the differential diagnosis, particularly when scoliosis accompanies early-onset muscle weakness.
Effect of banded biochar on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in south-western Australia: an agronomic and economic perspective

Effects of banded biochar application on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in 4 experiments in Western Australia and South Australia suggest that biochar has the potential to reduce fertiliser requirement while crop productivity is maintained, and biochar additions can increase crop yields at lower rates of fertiliser use. Banding was used to minimise wind erosion risk and place biochar close to crop roots. The biochars/metallurgical chars used in this study were made at relatively high temperatures from woody materials, forming stable, low-nutrient chars. The results suggest that a low biochar application rate (~1 t/ha) by banding may provide significant positive effects on yield and fertiliser requirement. Benefits are likely to result from improved crop nutrient and water uptake and crop water supply from increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation during dry seasons and in low P soils, rather than through direct nutrient or water supply from biochars. Financial analysis using farm cash flow over 12 years suggests that a break-even total cost of initial biochar use can range from AU$40 to 190/ha if the benefits decline linearly to nil over 12 years, taking into account a P fertiliser saving of 50% or a yield increase of 10%, or both, assuming long-term soil fertility is not compromised. Accreditation of biochar for carbon trading may assist cost reduction.
Permeability fluctuations in heterogeneous networks with different dimensionality and topology

[1] The purpose of this work was to relate the spatial fluctuations and scaling properties of the transport properties of porous rocks to their underlying pore geometry. Our approach was to numerically simulate flow through networks of pipes with randomly prescribed radii. The permeability k and inverse formation factor 1/F were calculated in a large number of network realizations of varying size and degree of heterogeneity (i.e., the width of the pipe radius distribution). We generally observed a large decrease of the ensemble arithmetic averages of k and 1/F with increasing network size (i.e., negative scale effect). Conversely, the ensemble geometric averages showed a moderate positive scale effect in three-dimensional simple cubic networks. We also found that in networks smaller than 32 × 32 or 10 × 10 × 10, the ensemble standard deviations of k and 1/F had a power law dependence on network size (defined as the total number of pipes) with an exponent α varying from −0.5 in homogeneous networks to large negative values depending on lattice topology in highly heterogeneous ones (−α increased with increasing lattice connectiveness, i.e., with coordination number). Thus at small scales the network transport properties were characterized by a nonuniversal power law scaling. At larger scales we observed a transition to a presumably “universal” power law scaling with an exponent equal to −0.5 independently on the degree of heterogeneity, dimensionality and lattice topology. Comparing our results to published experimental data, we found a good agreement, except in cases where we suspect that the small-scale measurements suffered a significant bias (indicated by non-nested distributions at increasing scales). We speculate that the strong positive scale effect generally observed in nature is also caused by sampling bias at small scales.
Mesoscale variability in the habitat of the Humboldt Current krill, spring 2007

Mesoscale eddies are prominent structures in the world's oceans generating a high degree of spatial and temporal heterogeneity that influences zooplankton distribution. Euphausiids (krill) are a key zooplankton group mainly inhabiting coastal upwelling areas where high productivity, advection, and eddy kinetic energy (EKE) play pivotal roles in the distribution and structure of zooplankton. We analyzed the spatial distribution of the Humboldt Current krill, Euphausia mucronata, in relation to environmental variability and mesoscale circulation during the 2007 austral spring. Using net-based zooplankton samples, remotely sensed environmental conditions, multivariate analysis, and generalized additive models, we described and tested the effect of oceanographic variability and mesoscale eddies on E. mucronata abundance and biomass. E. mucronata was significantly more abundant in coastal (97%) than oceanic habitats, and more abundant in cyclonic cores (mean: 76 indiv. m−2) than in surrounding waters (mean: 13–29 indiv. m−2). Abundance correlated to current and EKE fields at >10–20 cm s−1 and >50–200 cm2 s−2, respectively, and biomass correlated negatively to sea level anomaly and positively to alongshore winds. Krill abundance and biomass were also strongly coupled to both eddy dynamics and the coastal upwelling regime in spring 2007. Mesoscale eddies may doubly influence the E. mucronata population dynamic by retaining krill within them and, by advection from coastal to oligotrophic regions.
Aproximaciones teóricas en la administración estratégica de recursos humanos: Perspectiva universalista, contingente y configuracional/ Theoretical Approaches in Strategic Human Resource Management: Universalistic, Contingent and Configurational Perspec

Resumen Este articulo revisa las principales aproximaciones teoricas a la Administracion Estrategica de Recursos Humanos denominadas como universalista, contingente y configuracional por Delery y Doty (1996). Se exponen los principales conceptos de cada una, asi como algunos estudios empiricos caracteristicos. Finalmente, se senalan algunas limitaciones, contribuciones y desafios de estos enfoques en el campo organizacional. Abstract This article reviews the main theoretical approaches to Strategic Human Resource Management called universalistic, contingent, and configurational by Delery and Doty (1996). The main concepts of each one are exposed, as well as some typical empirical studies. Finally, some limitations, contributions, and challenges of these approaches in the organizational field are pointed out.
The zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometer: development and application of thermochronometers in igneous provinces

This study presents a detailed consideration of the effects of geometry, U- and Th-zonation and diffusion on zircon (U-Th)/He ages. The errors introduced by assuming homogeneity are quantified, and the difficulties associated with the characterisation of U and Th zonation in zircon samples are addressed in a qualitative and quantitative assessment. When these issues are fully considered, the (U-Th)/He age distribution of unknown samples can be understood, and (U-Th)/He ages can be interpreted with confidence. Using these more rigorous interpretive techniques, it has been possible to accurately determine the (U-Th)/He ages of zircons from the Palaeogene Hebridean Igneous Province. This data has been used in conjunction with apatite thermochronometry (fission track and (U-Th)/He) to constrain the low temperature cooling history of the region. In the Hebridean Igneous Province denudation has removed much of the basaltic lava pile and has exposed the plutonic complexes emplaced at its base. This thermochronological investigation of these plutonic sequences shows that the initial cooling was very rapid. This is consistent with field evidence for shallow level emplacement, accompanied by extensive hydrothermal activity and syn-, and post-intrusive denudation. The new data from the zircon (U-Th)/He, apatite fission track, and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometers identifies a previously unresolved pulse of magnetic activity that occurred at approximately 47 Ma, significantly after the initiation of rifting, and the cessation of voluminous shallow level intrusion in the Hebridean Igneous Province. The timing of a short-lived low temperature event observed in the plutonic units on the islands of Rum (80 - 90°C peak temperature), and Skye (120 - 180°C peak temperature), correlates with a cooling episode of more than 200°C at the St Kilda Central Complex, 100 km further to the west.