Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of GLUT1 and HIF-1α Expressions on Glucose Uptake and Patient Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma

Lung cancer is the second-most-common cancer while being the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It has been found that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) are overexpressed in various malignancies and that they correlate with the maximum standard uptake values (SUVmax) on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and poor prognosis. In this study, we aim to evaluate the relationship between the SUVmax, GLUT1, and HIF-1α expression with primary tumor size, histological type, lymph node metastases, and patient survival. Of the 48 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, those with squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) had significantly higher GLUT1 and HIF-1α immunohistochemical expressions in comparison to adenocarcinomas (ACs), while there was no statistically significant difference in FDG accumulation between them. No significant correlation was noted between either GLUT1 or HIF-1α protein expression and FDG uptake and overall survival. However, an analysis of tumor transcriptomics showed a significant difference in overall survival depending on mRNA expression; patients with SCC and high HIF-1α levels survived longer compared to those with low HIF-1α levels, while patients with AC and low GLUT1 levels had a higher average survival time than those with high GLUT1 levels. Further studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of the expression of these factors depending on the histologic type.
Orders between Channels and Implications for Partial Information Decomposition

The partial information decomposition (PID) framework is concerned with decomposing the information that a set of random variables has with respect to a target variable into three types of components: redundant, synergistic, and unique. Classical information theory alone does not provide a unique way to decompose information in this manner, and additional assumptions have to be made. Recently, Kolchinsky proposed a new general axiomatic approach to obtain measures of redundant information based on choosing an order relation between information sources (equivalently, order between communication channels). In this paper, we exploit this approach to introduce three new measures of redundant information (and the resulting decompositions) based on well-known preorders between channels, contributing to the enrichment of the PID landscape. We relate the new decompositions to existing ones, study several of their properties, and provide examples illustrating their novelty. As a side result, we prove that any preorder that satisfies Kolchinsky’s axioms yields a decomposition that meets the axioms originally introduced by Williams and Beer when they first proposed PID.
Stochastic printing failures in extreme ultraviolet lithography

Stochastic effects in lithography are known to be the cause of critical dimension (CD) variability, quantified, e.g., by linewidth roughness or local CD uniformity, but—when the CDs are small—they can also lead to printing failures, and hence have a significant impact on yield. We will focus on these printing failures and review three important topics in this relatively new field. First, we will look at how these failures can be detected and show how either CD-SEM, e-beam inspection, and optical defect inspection can play a useful role. Next, we consider the important question of how the stochastic failure probability (which we quantify by a metric we call “Not OK,” abbreviated NOK) depends on the lithography- and process-settings, a question that is of obvious importance when looking for conditions that will minimize the failure probability and hence maximize the yield. Finally, we will discuss to what extent we can fit experimentally observed failure probabilities, to empirical models. Such models can play a vital role in future OPC-verification flows, where screening full mask layouts for “stochastic hot spots” is expected to become a mandatory step.
A New [ 14 8 3 ]-Linear Code From the Aunu Generated [ 7 4 2 ] -Linear Code and the Known [7 4 3 ] Hamming Code Using the (U|U+V) Construction

In this communication, we enumerate the construction of a [ 7 4 2 ]- linear code which is an extended code of the [ 6 4 1 ] code and is in one-one correspondence with the known [ 7 4 3 ] - Hamming code. Our construction is due to the Carley table for n=7of the generated points of was permutations of the (132) and (123)-avoiding patterns of the non-associative AUNU schemes. Next, [ 7 4 2 ] linear code so constructed is combined with the known Hamming [ 7 4 3 ] code using the ( u|u+v)-construction to obtain a new hybrid and more practical single [14 8 3 ] error- correcting code.
On the Accuracy of Partially Implicit Schemes for Phase Field Modeling

Partially implicit (or partially explicit) schemes, such as the convex splitting schemes (CSS in short), are among the most popular numerical schemes used in phase-field modeling. Using both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments, we demonstrate in this paper that all existing partially implicit schemes for phase-filed simulations may lack convergence accuracy. As the main example, we first show that some well-known CSS can be interpreted as some fully implicit schemes (FIS in short) in disguise. For the Allen-Cahn model, we prove that the standard CSS is exactly the same as the standard FIS but with a (much) smaller time step size and as a result, it would provide an approximation to the original solution of the Allen-Cahn model at a delayed time (although the magnitude of the delay is reduced when the time step size is reduced). Such time delay is also observed for other partially implicit schemes when time step size is not sufficient small. For the Cahn-Hilliard model, we prove that the standard CSS is exactly the same as the standard FIS for a different model that is a (nontrivial) perturbation of the original Cahn-Hilliard model. We then show that each numerical scheme on each time step can be interpreted as the discrete energy minimization problem, the convexity of which is obtained by certain restriction pertaining to the time step size. In this sense, we argue that CSS or other partially implicit scheme can be viewed as adding an artificial convexity into the discretized system. Motivated by the equivalence between CSS and FIS, we propose a modification of a typical FIS for the Allen-Cahn model so that the maximum principle will be valid on the discrete level and we further rigorously prove that, the linearization of such a modified FIS can be uniformly preconditioned by a Poisson-like operator.
Simulation of Volcanic Ash Ingestion Into a Large Aero Engine: Particle–Fan Interactions

Volcanic ash (VA) clouds in flight corridors present a significant threat to aircraft operations as VA particles can cause damage to gas turbine engine components that lead to a reduction of engine performance and compromise flight safety. In the last decade, research has mainly focused on processes such as erosion of compressor blades and static components caused by impinging ash particles as well as clogging and/or corrosion effects of soft or molten ash particles on hot section turbine airfoils and components. However, there is a lack of information on how the fan separates ingested VA particles from the core stream flow into the bypass flow and therefore influences the mass concentration inside the engine core section, which is most vulnerable and critical for safety. In this numerical simulation study, we investigated the VA particle–fan interactions and resulting reductions in particle mass concentrations entering the engine core section as a function of particle size, fan rotation rate, and for two different flight altitudes. For this, we used a high-bypass gas-turbine engine design, with representative intake, fan, spinner, and splitter geometries for numerical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations including a Lagrangian particle-tracking algorithm. Our results reveal that particle–fan interactions redirect particles from the core stream flow into the bypass stream tube, which leads to a significant particle mass concentration reduction inside the engine core section. The results also show that the particle–fan interactions increase with increasing fan rotation rates and VA particle size. Depending on ingested VA size distributions, the particle mass inside the engine core flow can be up to 30% reduced compared to the incoming particle mass flow. The presented results enable future calculations of effective core flow exposure or dosages based on simulated or observed atmospheric VA particle size distribution, which is required to quantify engine failure mechanisms after exposure to VA. As an example, we applied our methodology to a recent aircraft encounter during the Mt. Kelud 2014 eruption. Based on ambient VA concentrations simulated with an atmospheric particle dispersion model (FLEXPART), we calculated the effective particle mass concentration inside the core stream flow along the actual flight track and compared it with the whole engine exposure.
First-principles study of the ordered structures of the single crystal PMN(0.75)-PT(0.25) and their ferroelectric characteristics

Abstract For the various PMN(0.75)-PT(0.25) ordered structures, first principles density functional studies using local density approximation (LDA) framework and augmented projected augmented wave (PAW) pseudopotentials. All possible 20-atom ordering along the [001]-, [011]- and [111]- directions are considered in the ab-initio code VASP. Also, we conducted linear response with density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) which is implemented in the VASP to compute the electronic dielectric tensors and piezoelectric tensors. The polar response is strongly dependent of the ionic ordering. Some PMN(0.75)-PT(0.25) ordered structures show strong piezoelectric characteristics.
Specific Increase in Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Levels beyond Triglycerides in Patients with Diabetes: Implications for Cardiovascular Risk of MAFLD

Aims: Small dense (sd) low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) is the most powerful predictor of cardiovascular (CV) disease among lipid biomarkers and is generated by hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a newly proposed liver disease with a high CV risk. We investigated the specific association of sdLDL-C with MAFLD beyond triglycerides (TG) and obesity Methods: Participants were 839 non-alcoholic drinkers with type 2 diabetes enrolled in a regional diabetes cohort. Fatty liver (FL) and visceral fat area (VFA) was detected by computed tomography scan. sdLDL-C and LDL-TG were measured by our established homogeneous assay. TG rich lipoprotein (TRL) was calculated by subtracting LDL-C plus HDL-C from total-C. Grade of sdLDL-C (≤ 24, 25–34, 35–44, and ≥ 45 mg/dL) was classified according to the Hisayama study. Results: Compared to non-FL counterparts, FL subjects were younger, predominantly male and smokers; and had higher body mass index (BMI), VFA, hemoglobin A1c, C-peptide, TG, and sdLDL-C, while had similar levels of LDL-C, LDL-TG, and TRL-C. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that sdLDL-C was the most powerful lipid parameter for identifying FL, independent of TG, HDL-C, BMI, and VFA. The independent association between TG and FL was lost when sdLDL-C was added to the analysis. These results remained the same when lipid-lowering drug users were excluded. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratio for FL was 2.4–2.7 at sdLDL ≥ 35 mg/dL based on sdLDL ≤ 24 mg/dL. Conclusions: sdLDL-C levels are specifically elevated in patients with diabetes and MAFLD, independent of TG and VFA, suggesting liver-centered metabolic abnormalities.
Corporate Governance Disclosure Attributes and Organisational Performance in Sub-Sahara Africa

Purpose of the article: There seems to be lack of studies on the link between corporate governance disclosure attributes and organisational performance, particularly for consumer and industrial goods companies in sub-Sahara Africa in a single study. Consequently, this study was carried out with the view to evaluating whether certain corporate governance disclosure attributes (chief executive officer compensation and share ownership) affect organisational performance (return on capital employed) in sub-Sahara Africa.Methodology/Methods: Secondary data from 2012–2021 were obtained from the annual reports and accounts of sixteen (16) companies, of which four (4) were selected from each region of sub-Saharan Africa (West Africa: Nigeria; Southern African: South Africa, East Africa: Kenya; and Central Africa: Egypt). Data obtained were analysed via descriptive (mean, median, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values, kurtosis, skewness and Karl Pearson correlation matrix), post estimation (factor and principal component analyses, variance inflation factor and heteroscedasticity) and inferential (Ordinary Least Square, Fixed and Random Effects Regression) statistical tools.Scientific aim: This paper assessed corporate governance disclosure attributes and organisational performance in sub-Sahara Africa.Findings: The fixed and random regression result indicated that while chief executive officer compensation had significant relationship with organisational performance (coefficient = –1.1971; z_value = –3.40 and prob_z = 0.001), chief executive officer share ownership (coefficient = 0.00087, z_value = 0.04 and prob_z = 0.082) had insignificant relationship with organisational performance in sub-Saharan Africa.Conclusion: The study advocates the need to decrease chief executive officer share ownership concentration, as it may probably reduce decision-making process, transparency and objectivity of the board. Thus, concentration of chief executive officer sharehodling should be taken seriously by top management in that chief executive officers should not be accorded too much opportunity to aquire companies’ stocks.
Mixed M\'alaga-$\mathcal{M}$ and Generalized-$\cal K$ Dual-Hop FSO/RF Systems with Interference.

This paper investigates the impact of radio frequency (RF) cochannel interference (CCI) on the performance of dual-hop free-space optics (FSO)/RF relay networks. The considered FSO/RF system operates over mixed M\'alaga-$\mathcal{M}$/composite fading/shadowing generalized-$\cal K$ ($\cal GK$) channels with pointing errors. The {\rm H}-transform theory, wherein integral transforms involve Fox's {\rm H}-functions as kernels, is embodied into a unifying performance analysis framework that encompasses closed-form expressions for the outage probability, the average bit error rate (BER), and the ergodic capacity. By virtue of some {\rm H}-transform asymptotic expansions, the high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) analysis culminates in easy-to-compute expressions for the outage probability and BER.
PERILAKU KEUANGAN GENERASI Z BERDASARKAN LITERASI KEUANGAN, EFIKASI DIRI, DAN GENDER

Perilaku keuangan menyangkut tanggung jawab seseorang terkait bagaimana cara pengelolaan keuangan guna memiliki kondisi keuangan yang aman dalam hidup. Perilaku keuangan yang baik ditunjang dengan tingkat literasi keuangan serta keyakinan seseorang dalam mengelola keuangan. Perilaku konsumtif yang terjadi pada seseorang terjadi karena kurangnya tanggung jawab seseorang dalam keuangan yang dipicu oleh terbatasnya pemahaman seseorang mengenai perilaku keuangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh literasi keuangan, efikasi diri, dan gender terhadap perilaku keuangan Generasi Z. Jumlah responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 209 responden yang ada di Pulau Jawa, Indonesia dengan rentang usia 18 tahun sampai dengan 27 tahun. Data responden dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan convenience sampling. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) dengan menggunakan progam WarpPLS 7.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi keuangan dan gender tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku keuangan, sedangkan efikasi diri memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap perilaku keuangan Generasi Z.
Recent progress in terahertz difference-frequency quantum cascade laser sources

Abstract Terahertz quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources based on intra-cavity difference frequency generation are currently the only electrically pumped monolithic semiconductor light sources operating at room temperature in the 1–6-THz spectral range. Relying on the active regions with the giant second-order nonlinear susceptibility and the Cherenkov phase-matching scheme, these devices demonstrated drastic improvements in performance in the past several years and can now produce narrow-linewidth single-mode terahertz emission that is tunable from 1 to 6 THz with power output sufficient for imaging and spectroscopic applications. This paper reviews the progress of this technology. Recent efforts in wave function engineering using a new active region design based on a dual-upper-state concept led to a significant enhancement of the optical nonlinearity of the active region for efficient terahertz generation. The transfer of Cherenkov devices from their native semi-insulating InP substrates to high-resistivity silicon substrates resulted in a dramatic improvement in the outcoupling efficiency of terahertz radiation. Cherenkov terahertz QCL sources based on the dual-upper-state design have also been shown to exhibit ultra-broadband comb-like terahertz emission spectra with more than one octave of terahertz frequency span. The broadband terahertz QCL sources operating in continuous-wave mode produces the narrow inter-mode beat-note linewidth of 287 Hz, which indicates frequency comb operation of mid-infrared pumps and thus supports potential terahertz comb operation. Finally, we report the high-quality terahertz imaging obtained by a THz imaging system using terahertz QCL sources based on intra-cavity difference frequency generation.
Retaining Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review of Strategies for Sustaining Power in the Workplace

The shortage of healthcare workers is a growing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic and retirement wave have accelerated turnover rates. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse the existing interventions for job retention of healthcare workers, in terms of nurses and physicians, in a hospital setting. A comprehensive search was conducted within three electronic databases, guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines, this resulted in 55 records that met the inclusion criteria. The intervention outcomes are categorized into substantial themes: onboarding, transition program to a different unit, stress coping, social support, extra staffing, coping with the demands of patient care, work relationships, development opportunities and department resources, job environment, work organization, recruitment approach, and technological innovations. Considering the literature, onboarding programs and mentoring for nurses and physicians are recommended. Additionally, other interventions described in this review could positively affect the retention of nurses and physicians. When selecting an intervention for implementation, managers and human resources should consider the intervention that matches the determinant of intention to leave of their healthcare workers and the hospital’s mission, vision, and values. Sharing the success stories of implemented interventions may benefit healthcare organizations.
Shared genetic architecture of blood eosinophil counts and asthma in UK Biobank

Rationale Asthma is a complex, heterogeneous disease strongly associated with type 2 inflammation, and blood eosinophil counts guide therapeutic interventions in moderate and severe asthma. Eosinophils are leukocytes involved in type 2 immune responses. Despite these critical associations between asthma and blood eosinophil counts, the shared genetic architecture of these two traits remains unknown. The objective of the present study was to characterise the genetic architecture of blood eosinophil counts and asthma in the UK Biobank. Methods We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of doctor-diagnosed asthma, blood eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts in the UK Biobank. Genetic correlation analysis was performed on GWAS results and validated in the Trans-National Asthma Genetic Consortium (TAGC) study of asthma. Results GWAS of doctor-diagnosed asthma and blood eosinophil counts in the UK Biobank identified 585 and 3429 significant variants, respectively. STAT6, a transcription factor involved in interleukin-4 signalling, was a key shared pathway between asthma and blood eosinophil counts. Genetic correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between doctor-diagnosed asthma and blood eosinophil counts (r=0.38±0.10, correlation±se; p=4.7×10−11). As a validation of this association, we found a similar correlation between TAGC and blood eosinophil counts in the UK Biobank (0.37±0.08, correlation±se; p=1.2×10−6) Conclusions These findings define the shared genetic architecture between blood eosinophil counts and asthma risk in subjects of European ancestry and point to a genetic link to the STAT6 signalling pathway in these two traits. Tweetable abstract Asthma and blood eosinophil counts are genetically correlated, and the STAT6 pathway is over-represented in this correlation https://bit.ly/3X6qDFK
Talent Identification and Development in Youth Sports: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Talent has traditionally been associated with the concept of an athlete's essential conditions for success. Longitudinal studies can assess characteristics associated with performance while evaluating changes and developments over time. Therefore, the goal of this review was to identify and summarize the longitudinal literature that addresses the impact of the development of potential talent indicators in childhood/adolescence on later success in elite sports. Methods: Accordingly, the search methodology of this systematic synthesis review was guided by the preferred reporting points for systematic reviews. Articles were included that examined child/adolescent development over time of potential talent indicators for success in future elite athletes. A total of six manuscripts were fully reviewed. Results: Overall, the results of these studies show that the findings are inconclusive and that talent indicators have changed over time, with this change having a different pace and intensity depending on the growth spurt. Conclusion: The result of this systematic review shows that it is not possible to say whether talent can be identified in children/adolescents in relation to success in elite sports. This is due to the non-linear development of adolescents and the emerging, dynamic, and symbiotic conceptualization of talent.