Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acoustic resonance by fish schools. A proposal for the schooling mechanism

The acoustic properties of a fish school have been modelled using a cloud of bubbles. Similar to how bubble clouds present a collective monopole mode, a fish school also shows a collective breathing mode in which the whole school resonates as a single body. Here, we conjecture that the underwater acoustic noise of the ocean amplified by the multiple scattering of swim bladders in the fish school might produce attractive acoustic forces that are strong enough to account for the schooling mechanism. Our model predicts the presence of attractive Bjerknes forces, as large as 30% of the fish weight for 20-metre large fish schools, and that the attractive force on every fish in the centre of the school is cancelled when the fish increase/decrease the volume/pressure of its gas bladder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a purely mechanical force that might contribute to fish being bound to or released from the school. The study may lead to new areas of research in many scientific fields beyond the nearest-neighbour interaction mechanism customarily used, and it would help in our understanding of collective processes of systems in ecology, physics, chemistry, and biology.
Bayesian analysis of multivariate Gaussian hidden Markov models with an unknown number of regimes

Multivariate Gaussian hidden Markov models with an unknown number of regimes are introduced here in the Bayesian setting and new efficient reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for estimating both the dimension and the unknown parameters of the model are presented. Hidden Markov models are an extension of mixture models that can be applied to time series so as to classify the observations in a small number of groups, to understand when change points occur in the dynamics of the series and to model data heterogeneity through the switching among subseries with different means and covariance matrices. These aims can be achieved by assuming that the observed phenomenon is driven by a latent, or hidden, Markov chain. The methodology is illustrated through two different examples of multivariate time series.
A Cohort Analysis of the Investment Performance of TIAA Traditional Annuities During Working Life

Prior research shows that many participants find making these decisions difficult. Many employers, working with plan vendors and consultants, have simplified their plans’ design by offering default features and simplified investment menus to help participants with contribution and allocation decisions. Substantial questions remain, however, on whether additional changes to plan design could help improve the likelihood for participants to achieve retirement security. To assist retirement savers as well as those who advise them, this research examines the role of TIAA Traditional annuities as part of an investment portfolio during a participant’s working life, that is, the accumulation phase of retirement plan participation. Using five standard measures of investment performance, we analyze how allocating a portion of DC contributions to deferred units of TIAA Traditional annuities (hereafter Traditional) affected portfolio performance for 10 distinct cohorts over the 1970 to 2021 period. For each cohort, we find that participants would have improved risk-adjusted portfolio performance by replacing some of their allocation to commonly used fixed-income funds with allocations to Traditional. For all cohorts, we find retirement portfolios with allocations to Traditional had a higher return for a given level of risk (or lower risk for a given level of return). These results suggest that adding Traditional to a retirement investment portfolio improves the chances of a participant achieving retirement security. Traditional improves risk-adjusted performance by reducing a participant’s exposure to interest rate risk. The fixed-income return and interest rate risk of Traditional is pooled and managed internally through the TIAA General Account by holding investments with varying liquidity, duration, and credit characteristics. TIAA participants holding units of Traditional an account with crediting rates that are pre-announced annually and are not subject to the volatility of daily interest rate spot rates. In contrast, a participant holding fixed-income or money market mutual funds confronts these risks daily as their holdings are marked-to-market and the funds face volatile inflows and outflows.
Airfoil Roll Control by Bang-Bang Optimal Control Method with Plasma Actuators

The bang-bang optimal control method was proposed for glow discharge plasma actuators, taking account of practical issues, such as limited actuation states with instantaneously varied aerodynamic control performance. Hence, the main contribution of this Note is to integrate flight control with active flow control in particular for plasma actuators. Flow control effects were examined in wind tunnel experiments, which show that the plasma authority for flow control is limited. Flow control effects are only obvious at pitch angles near stall. However, flight control simulations suggest that even those small plasma-induced roll moments can satisfactorily fulfill the maneuver tasks and meet flight quality specifications. In addition, the disturbance from volatile plasma-induced roll moments can be rejected. Hence, the proposed bang-bang control method is a promising candidate of control design methodology for plasma actuators.
Array algorithms for H-infinity estimation

In this paper we develop array algorithms for H-infinity filtering. These algorithms can be regarded as the Krein space generalizations of H-2 array algorithms, which are currently the preferred method for implementing H-2 biters, The array algorithms considered include typo main families: square-root array algorithms, which are typically numerically more stable than conventional ones, and fast array algorithms which, when the system is time-invariant, typically offer an order of magnitude reduction in the computational effort. Both have the interesting feature that one does not need to explicitly check for the positivity conditions required for the existence of H-infinity filters, as these conditions are built into the algorithms themselves. However, since H-infinity square-root algorithms predominantly use J-unitary transformations, rather than the unitary transformations required in the H-2 case, further investigation is needed to determine the numerical behavior of such algorithms.
Coherent excitonic quantum beats in time-resolved photoemission measurements

Coherent excitation of materials via ultrafast laser pulses can have interesting, observable dynamics in time-resolved photoemission measurements. The broad spectral width of ultrafast pump pulses can coherently excite multiple exciton energy levels. When such coherently excited states are probed by means of photoemission spectroscopy, interference between the polarization of different exciton levels can lead to observable coherent exciton beats. Here, we present the theoretical formalism for evaluating the Time- and Angle- Resolved Photoemission Spectra (tr-ARPES) arising from the coherently excited exciton states. We subsequently apply our formalism to a simple model example of hydrogenic exciton energy levels to identify the dependencies that control the quantum beats. Our findings indicate that the most pronounced effect of coherent quantum excitonic beats is seen midway between the excited exciton energy levels and the central energy of the pump pulse provides tunability of this effect.
Contributions of dark matter annihilation to the global 21 cm spectrum observed by the EDGES experiment

The EDGES experiment has observed an absorption feature in the global 21 cm spectrum with a surprisingly large amplitude. These results can be explained by decreasing the kinetic temperature of baryons, which can be achieved through the scattering between the baryons and dark matter particles. It seems that the dark matter annihilation can not explain the observed large amplitude. The main reason is that the interactions between the particles produced by the dark matter annihilation and the particles which have been present in the universe will increase the baryonic temperature. Recently, C. Feng and G. Holder have found that increasing the temperature of cosmic radio background can produce the large amplitude in the global 21 cm spectrum. In this paper, we propose that the dark matter annihilation can also produce the large amplitude observed by EDGES experiment. The main point is that although the dark matter annihilation can increase the kinetic temperature of baryons, the electrons and positrons from the dark matter annihilation can produce the synchrotron radiation in the magnetic field of the universe. These radiation will contribute and enhance the temperature of the cosmic radio background. As a result, the global 21 cm spectrum with a large absorption amplitude can be produced by the dark matter annihilation.
The clinical applications of ferritin

Ferritin is the main iron storage protein that plays an important role in iron homeostasis and is concerned with many physiological functions and pathologic disorders. Clinically, ferritin is mainly used as a biomarker for total body iron stores. Serum ferritin has a critical function in both iron deficiency and overload that related to the diagnosis and treatment. High levels of both serum and tissue ferritin are related to the coronary artery disorder, cancer, and bad results after stem cell transplantation. Less commonly, ferritin is related to other human diseases like the neurodegenerative complaints, sideroblastic anemias, and hemophagocytic disorder. Moreover, up to date research explains a novel function of ferritin that not related to the iron storage.
Optimizing Intermodal Transport and Hub Location Problem for ECOWAS in the Context of Improving Intra-African Trade

Trade within Africa is at an all-time low, with a lack of an optimal intermodal transportation network and a high cost of business serving as a deterrent to trade. This research studies Intra-African Trade within ECOWAS using a hierarchical spatial aggregation process to identify 27 nodes. Distance-based weighted centrality measures employed TOPSIS to model a ranked node centrality of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) intermodal transport of railway, road, and waterway networks. The ten highest-ranking nodes identified from the mixed-integer linear program adopted as candidate hubs, thus selecting Ibeshe ferry terminal in Lagos and Tema Harbour in Accra for waterway; Thies, Ibadan, Conakry, Monrovia and Thies for railway; and Thies and Ibadan for road. We conclude with sensitivity analysis and a discussion of management implications for ECOWAS. This paper demonstrated that a limited number of transshipment hubs would encourage interregional trade and cut point-to-point transportation costs and lead to economic growth and development.
Large eddy simulation of incompressible turbulent channel flow

The three-dimensional, time-dependent primitive equations of motion were numerically integrated for the case of turbulent channel flow. A partially implicit numerical method was developed. An important feature of this scheme is that the equation of continuity is solved directly. The residual field motions were simulated through an eddy viscosity model, while the large-scale field was obtained directly from the solution of the governing equations. An important portion of the initial velocity field was obtained from the solution of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations. The pseudospectral method was used for numerical differentiation in the horizontal directions, and second-order finite-difference schemes were used in the direction normal to the walls. The large eddy simulation technique is capable of reproducing some of the important features of wall-bounded turbulent flows. The resolvable portions of the root-mean square wall pressure fluctuations, pressure velocity-gradient correlations, and velocity pressure-gradient correlations are documented.
Does Moral Reasoning Moderate Audit Quality Determinants?

The aim of this study is to analyse whether moral reasoning moderates the determinants of audit quality and examine the effects of competence, time budget pressure and moral reasoning on audit quality. The participants in this study were auditors of the Audit Board of Indonesia in Central Java. Using purposive sampling, 97 participants made up the entire studies. Data was analysed using partial least square (PLS). This study found that competence had a significant positive impact on audit quality. Time budget pressure had a negative impact on audit quality. Though, moral reasoning had no impact on audit quality. Furthermore, moral reasoning enhanced the impact of competence on audit quality. On the other hand, moral reasoning weakened the effect of time budget pressure on audit quality. The findings of this study are anticipated to advance the field of auditing science and offer guidance to Indonesia‘s Audit Board in order to assist its auditors in maintaining the calibre of their audit.
Voicing status of syllable-initial plosives in siSwati

This paper compares the voicing status of /ptk/ and /bdg/ in siSwati. Expanded waveform shapes and spectrographic representations of our experimental data showed us immediately that the distinction between the voiceless and voiced syllable-initial plosives could not be traced by means of the usual absence/presence of the voice bar in the spectrograms. This resulted in adopting alternative cues, such as voice onset time (VOT) and closure duration. The use of these acoustic cues allowed us to oppose unambiguously the voiced and voiceless syllable-initial stop consonants in siSwati. At the same time, this experiment permitted us to show the extent to which the voice onset of /bdg/ is delayed in siSwati. Further, this analysis resulted in confirming that voiceless and voiced plosives cannot always be opposed by the status of the glottis during their articulatory closure.
Multiplicity distributions in the forward rapidity region in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India(Dated: March 4, 2014)Measured multiplicity distributions of primary charged particles produced in the forward rapidityregion of the proton−proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy,√s = 7 TeV at the LargeHadron Collider (LHC) have been analyzed in terms of the Negative Binomial Distribution (NBD)function. Like the multiplicity distributions in the mid-rapidity region for the pp collisions at√s =7 TeV, the distributions for the minimum bias events in the forward region also are better describedwith the superposition of two-NBDs, as proposed by a two-component model of particle productionfrom two processes, the ”soft” and the ”hard”. However, the multiplicity distribution for the”hard-QCD” events in a large pseudorapidity window does not oblige the two-component model.
Hybrid Stars in the Light of GW170817

We have studied the effect of the tidal deformability constraint given by the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 on the equations of state (EOS) of hybrid stars. The EOS are constructed by matching the hadronic EOS described by the relativistic mean-field model and parameter sets NL3, TM1, and NL3ωρ with the quark matter EOS described by the modified MIT bag model, via a Gibbs construction. It is found that the tidal deformability constraints along with the lower bound on the maximum mass (Mmax = 2.01 ± 0.04 M⊙) significantly limits the bag model parameter space ( , a4). We also obtain upper limits on the radius of 1.4 M⊙ and 1.6 M⊙ stars as R1.4 ≤ 13.2–13.5 km and R1.6 ≤ 13.2–13.4 km, respectively, for the different hadronic EOS considered here.
Survival of a diffusing particle in a transverse flow field

We consider a particle diffusing in the y-direction, dy/dt = η(t) where η(t) is Gaussian white noise, and subject to a transverse flow field in the x-direction, dx/dt = f(y), where x ≥ 0 and x = 0 is an absorbing boundary. We discuss the time dependence of the survival probability of the particle for a class of functions f(y) that are positive in some regions of space and negative in others.
Epistemic Game Theory: Reasoning and Choice

Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Part I. Standard Beliefs in Static Games: 2. Belief in the opponents' rationality 3. Common belief in rationality 4. Simple belief hierarchies Part II. Lexicographic Beliefs in Static Games: 5. Primary belief in the opponent's rationality 6. Respecting the opponent's preferences 7. Assuming the opponent's rationality Part III. Conditional Beliefs in Dynamic Games: 8. Belief in the opponents' future rationality 9. Strong belief in the opponents' rationality Bibliography Index.
Interaction Hierarchy. Gonihedric String and Quantum Gravity

We have found that the Regge gravity \cite{regge,sorkin}, can be represented as a $superposition$ of less complicated theory of random surfaces with $Euler~character$ as an action. This extends to Regge gravity our previous result \cite{savvidy}, which allows to represent the gonihedric string \cite{savvidy1} as a superposition of less complicated theory of random paths with $curvature$ action. We propose also an alternative linear action $A(M_{4})$ for the four and high dimensional quantum gravity. From these representations it follows that the corresponding partition functions are equal to the product of Feynman path integrals evaluated on time slices with curvature and length action for the gonihedric string and with Euler character and gonihedric action for the Regge gravity. In both cases the interaction is proportional to the overlapping sizes of the paths or surfaces on the neighboring time slices. On the lattice we constructed spin system with local interaction, which have the same partition function as the quantum gravity. The scaling limit is discussed.
A Review on the Effects of Micronutrients in Heat Stress Alleviation in Dairy Animals

Heat stress from global warming and climate change, which result in an ongoing rise in Earth's temperature, has a detrimental effect on the growth and health of dairy animals. The animal experiences heat stress when it cannot release enough heat to maintain homeothermy. The degree of heat stress dairy animals experience depends on the ambient temperature and humidity. In dairy animals, heat stress reduces feed intake, milk production, reproductive efficiency, and immune function. This article concentrated on the micronutrients that lessen the damaging effects of heat stress on dairy animals. Micronutrients are vital substances that life requires in minute amounts. Major minerals, trace minerals, and vitamins are all included. Micronutrients support the maintenance of animal production, enhance nutrient utilization, effectively combat oxidative stress, and strengthen the weak immune system. Minerals are crucial for maintaining an animal's normal physiological processes. However, it is a belief that animals' reactions to heat stress increase mineral loss through excretion. Therefore, adding minerals to the diet (such as Dietary Cation-Anion Difference, Zinc, Chromium, Selenium, etc.) may help to reduce the harmful effects of heat stress. Vitamins serve as cofactors for enzymes, act as catalysts in a number of metabolic pathways, and are crucial for an animal's normal growth and development. The addition of vitamins (such as Vitamin E, Niacin, etc.) to dairy animals' diets may also help to mitigate the harmful effects of heat stress.
Creating the fermion mass hierarchies with multiple Higgs bosons

After the Higgs boson discovery, it is established that the Higgs mechanism explains electroweak symmetry breaking and generates the masses of all particles in the Standard Model, with the possible exception of neutrino masses. The hierarchies among fermion masses and mixing angles remain however unexplained. We propose a new class of two Higgs doublet models in which a avor symmetry broken at the electroweak scale addresses this problem. The models are strongly constrained by electroweak precision tests and the fact that they produce modications to Higgs couplings and avor changing neutral currents; they are also constrained by collider searches for extra scalar bosons. The surviving models are very predictive, implying unavoidable new physics signals at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, e.g. extra Higgs Bosons with masses M < 700 GeV.
Exact master equation for a spin interacting with a spin bath: Non-Markovianity and negative entropy production rate

An exact canonical master equation of the Lindblad form is derived for a central spin interacting uniformly with a sea of completely unpolarized spins. The Kraus operators for the dynamical map are also derived. The non-Markovianity of the dynamics in terms of the divisibility breaking of the dynamical map and the increase of the trace distance fidelity between quantum states is shown. Moreover, it is observed that the irreversible entropy production rate is always negative (for a fixed initial state) whenever the dynamics exhibits non-Markovian behavior. In continuation with the study of witnessing non-Markovianity, it is shown that the positive rate of change of the purity of the central qubit is a faithful indicator of the non-Markovian information backflow. Given the experimental feasibility of measuring the purity of a quantum state, a possibility of experimental demonstration of non-Markovianity and the negative irreversible entropy production rate is addressed. This gives the present work considerable practical importance for detecting the non-Markovianity and the negative irreversible entropy production rate.
Short-term Pilates protocol promotes improvement in the functional performance of juvenile soccer players

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a training program with the Pilates Method on muscle fatigue in youth soccer players. Fifteen male soccer players, sub 13-15 category, with a mean age of 13.27 ± 0.45 years, were randomly divided into two groups: Control group (n = 7) and Pilates group (n = 8). In the Pilates group, an additional training protocol was performed with the Pilates Method alone. In both groups, the concentration of cytokines (TNFα, IL-10), the electrical activity of the rectus femoris, rectus abdominis, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus muscles was evaluated and the Side Hop Test was performed. In both groups, there were no significant changes in the cytokine profile and in the electrical activity of the evaluated muscles, but there was a significant difference in the time taken to perform the Side Hop test for the Pilates group. The application of the Pilates method (solo) as an additional training in youth soccer players did not show greater tolerance to muscle fatigue, however it may have generated an improvement in the functional performance of the athletes.
On the theory of unsteady planing and the motion of a wing with vortex separation

The disturbance imparted to water by a planing body give rise to a wave form of motion on the free surface, the length of the waves increasing indefinitely with increase in the Froude number and being directly proportional to the latter in the case of the plane or two-dimensional problem. At large Froude numbers the effect of the weight shows up to any appreciable extent only at some distance from the body, so that the flow near the body can be considered as part of a flow of an infinitely extending weightless fluid. This paper is a consideration of these characteristics as well as a formulation of the planing problem and its relation to the problem of a thin wing.