Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital outpatient health solutions as a vehicle to improve healthcare sustainability—a United Kingdom focused policy and practice perspective

Introduction In the midst of a global climate emergency and with health care systems across the world facing extreme pressure, interest in digital approaches as a potential part-solution to these challenges has increased rapidly. The evidence base to support the role that digitalization can play in moving towards more sustainable models of healthcare is growing, as is the awareness of this key area of healthcare reform amongst policy makers, clinicians and the public. Method and Results In this policy and practice review we explore four domains of healthcare sustainability-environmental, economic, and patient and clinician, delineating the potential impact that digitally enabled healthcare can have on each area. Real-world examples are provided to illustrate the impact individual digital interventions can have on each pillar of sustainability and demonstrate the scale of the potential benefits which can be achieved. Discussion Digitally enabled healthcare solutions present an approach which offer numerous benefits, including environmental sustainability, economic benefits, and improved patient experience. There are also potential drawbacks such as the risk of digital exclusion and the need for integration with existing technology platforms. Overall, it is essential to strike a balance between the benefits and potential drawbacks of digital healthcare solutions to ensure that they are equitable, effective, and sustainable.
Increasing the Power of Moment-based Tests

This paper shows how to increase the power of the Hansen (1982) test for the case where only a subset of the exclusion restrictions is used. The (cid:145)ig-nored(cid:146)exclusion restrictions are used to derive a new estimator for the covariance matrix, which has a di⁄erent probability limit than the usual one when the model is false. If the null hypothesis is true, then the proposed test has the same distribution as the existing ones in large samples. If the hypothesis is false, then the proposed test statistic is larger with probability approaching one as the sample size increases in several important examples. Simulations show that the improvement can be dramatic in some cases. As the Hansen (1982) test is very popular in empirical work, including testing the validity of Euler equations, we expect the current results to be useful as well.
Comparison of ultrasonic shear wave elastography, AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging, and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating carotid plaque stability

Objective This study aimed to compare the efficiency of evaluating carotid plaque stability using ultrasonic shear wave elastography (SWE), AngioPLUS planewave ultrasensitive imaging (AP), and optimized high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods A total of 100 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy at our hospital from October 2019 to August 2022 were enrolled. Based on the final clinical diagnosis, these patients were divided into vulnerable (n = 62) and stable (n = 38) plaque groups. All patients were examined using ultrasound SWE, AP, and optimized high-resolution MRI before surgery. The clinical data and ultrasound characteristics of patients of the two groups were compared. Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of SWE, AP, high-resolution MRI, and the final clinical diagnosis of vulnerable plaque were calculated. Pearson’s correlation test was used to analyze the correlations of AP, SWE, and MRI results with the grading results of carotid artery stenosis. Results Statistically significant differences were noticed in terms of the history of smoking and coronary heart disease, plaque thickness, surface rules, calcified nodules, low echo area, and the degree of carotid artery stenosis between the two groups (P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of SWE-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 87.10% (54/62), 76.32% (29/38), 85.71% (54/63) and 78.38% (29/37), respectively, showing a general consistency with the final clinical results (Kappa = 0.637, P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of AP-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 93.55% (58/62), 84.21% (32/38), 90.63% (58/64), and 88.89% (32/36), respectively, which agreed with the final clinical detection results (Kappa = 0.786, P < 0.05). Considering the final clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of high-resolution MRI-based detection of carotid artery vulnerability were 88.71% (55/62), 78.95% (30/38), 87.30% (55/63), and 81.08% (30/37), respectively, showing consistency with the final clinical results (Kappa = 0.680, P < 0.05). AP, SWE, and MRI results were positively correlated with the results of carotid artery stenosis grading (P < 0.05). Conclusion AP technology is a non-invasive, inexpensive, and highly sensitive method to evaluate the stability of carotid artery plaques. This method can dynamically display the flow of blood in new vessels of plaque in real time and provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Rocks beneath New Zealand's Central North Island: Mantle or crust?

A long-standing question in crustal seismology is the nature of rocks with compressional P-wave speeds of 7–7.6 kilometers per second that are found beneath continental rift zones [e.g., Cook, 1962]. Two interpretations are possible: They are either lower crustal rocks, or upper mantle material with unusually low P-wave velocities because of the presence of a small percent of partial melt. An April 2005 explosion seismology experiment set out to explore the issue of what is crust and what is mantle in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ), central North Island, New Zealand. The TVZ is the apparent continuation of oceanic back-arc spreading within the Havre Trough into the continental lithosphere of New Zealand (Figure 1). Determining whether crust or mantle exists in such settings is fundamental to understanding back-arc basins and subduction zones, both of which are vital elements in recycling oceanic lithosphere and creating new continental crust
Evidence of Jet Contrail Influences on Regional-Scale Diurnal Temperature Range

The occurence of jet contrails at the relatively high altitudes in combination with their unique microphysical structure gives them a strong ability to reduce diurnal temperature range (DTR) in regions where they are most frequent. The study attempts to quanify this effect by analyzing trends in diurnal temperature range for a 60-year period (1930-90) for the coterminous U.S. The results, in general, support the hypothesis with the greatest associations between jet contrail coverage and decreases in DTR found for the "Southwest" and "Northwest" regions of the U.S. and for the Summer and Fall seasons. A case study analysis also supports the hypothesis.
Rifting and lower crustal reflectivity: A case study of the intracratonic Dniepr‐Donets rift zone, Ukraine

[1] Intracratonic rifting, caused by late Devonian extensional stresses in the East European Craton, created the largest rift zone in Europe, the Pripyat-Dniepr-Donets rift (southeast Ukraine). The rift basin is approximately 2000 km long, up to 170 km wide, and 22 km deep. Wide-angle refraction and reflection seismic data from the Donbas Basin deep seismic Refraction and Reflection Experiments (DOBRE'99) project together with gravity and magnetic data are analyzed for the structure and evolution of the Donbas Fold Belt, which is the uplifted and deformed part of the Dniepr-Donets Basin. The seismic data are used for identification of large-scale crustal structures and modeling of the seismic velocities of the crust and uppermost mantle. A ray-trace-based velocity and density model is derived by joint inversion of gravity and traveltime data. The inversion result reveals a zone of high density and velocity beneath the basin at middle to lower crustal levels, slightly offset to the NE of the rift axis. Full waveform synthetic seismograms, matching the observed data, show high-amplitude and low-frequency arrivals from this high-density body as well as from the Moho. We interpret the high-amplitude, low-frequency signals as reflections from layered magmatic rocks, which intruded into the ductile lower crust during the main rift phase and subsequently were sorted by fractional crystallization. The intrusive material thickened the lower crust by approximately 50%. This may explain the enigmatic flat Moho topography across the rift zone which has been significantly stretched (β = 1.3). The rifting initiated in the late Devonian (Frasnien) as a consequence of back-arc extension in relation to subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. The subducting oceanic slab may have enriched the mantle with volatiles and created convection, leading to strong partial melting, upwelling, and continued rifting in the Famennien. We interpret the asymmetrical rift geometry as a combination of pure and simple shear tectonic processes.
Feasibility study of remote sensing using structured light for 3D damage assessments after natural disasters

Feasibility of using structured light for remote sensing and 3D damage assessments have been explored in this study. Although near real-time reconstruction of 3D objects in color is an active research area which possesses a wide variety of application including disaster assessments, its application to remote sensing is relatively new. Structured light can be applied to aircraft, UAV platforms, as well as provide in situ accurate disaster assessments. It also provides ground truth for validating satellite observations. The feasibility for this type of applications is investigated with model building and automobile experiments and has produced promising preliminary results.
Tropical Atlantic surface current variability from 10 years of TOPEX/Poséïdon altimetry

10 years of surface geostrophic currents from TOPEX/Poséïdon altimetric data are used to describe the low frequency variability of the tropical Atlantic circulation through Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis. The seasonal variability clearly agrees with previous studies based on climatological data. It shows the tropical Atlantic response to seasonal fluctuations of the overlying wind system. More interesting is the capability, using altimetry, to reach for the first time on a basin scale the year‐to‐year variability from measurements. Abnormal events occur in 1996–1997 and in 2001 with different spatial scales regarding both large scale zonal distribution and regional variability located in the north‐western basin. A first attempt to link these events to climatic indexes (El Niño‐Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation) is also evocated.
Implementation of Subgrid Cloud Vertical Structure inside a GCM and Its Effect on the Radiation Budget

Abstract The GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) GCM (general circulation model) predicts stratiform and convective cloud cover and optical thickness at nine atmospheric levels in horizontal grid boxes of 4° lat × 5° long. Until now, the radiative fluxes were calculated once per grid box, assuming clear sky or a complete cloud cover. Here, a refinement of the radiative flux calculation is explored by introducing a horizontal subgrid cloud overlap scheme in which cloud blocks are formed by adjacent cloud layers using maximum overlap. Different cloud blocks are separated by an atmospheric level of clear sky and are assumed to overlap randomly inside the grid box. This subgrid cloud structure allows determination of the occurrence probabilities of columns with different vertical structures inside each horizontal grid box. Then, radiative fluxes are calculated for each of these columns. The radiative fluxes of each horizontal grid box are obtained as the occurrence probability weighted sum of the colum.
Discussion of the Axial Ratio of a Square Loop Antenna With an Attenuating Current

The quality of the radiation field from a square loop antenna is evaluated using the axial ratio on the z-axis (ARz) normal to the loop plane. For this evaluation, a generalized antenna model is used, where the current on a loop that is one guided wavelength in length is assumed to travel only in the forward direction, without backward currents. First, the radiation field is formulated for the situation where the traveling wave current decays with attenuation constant α. It is found that ARz exponentially degrades as α increases. Second, a reactive current of weight q is superimposed onto the original current used for the first derivation. It is revealed that the degraded ARz is remarkably improved by the superimposed current. Throughout this discussion the difference in the axial ratios of the square and round loop antenna models is clarified.
Timing of magmatic and metamorphic events in the Jijal complex of the Kohistan arc deduced from Sm-Nd dating of mafic granulites

Abstract Mafic to ultramafic granulites in the northeastern part of the Jijal complex include two-pyroxene granulite, garnet-clinopyroxene granulite and garnet hornblendite. Field and textural relations indicate that two-pyroxene granulite is a relict left after formation of the garnet-clinopyroxene granulite and garnet hornblendite was an originally intrusive rock which dissected the protoliths of mafic granulites. Sm-Nd mineral isochron ages of 118 ± 12 Ma, 94.0 ± 4.7 Ma and 83 ± 10 Ma were determined for two-pyroxene granulite, garnet-clinopyroxene granulite and garnet hornblendite respectively. These ages, together with previously reported chronological data, led to the following tectonic implications: (1) crystallization of the granulite protoliths predates, or is coeval with, the tectonic accretion of the Kohistan arc to the Asian continent; (2) crustal thickening related to the accretion was probably responsible for the high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism in the Jijal complex; (3) formation of the garnet hornblendite assemblage was probably after crystallization of garnet-clinopyroxene granulite.
Estimating groundwater recharge from water isotope (δ2H, δ18O) depth profiles in the Densu River basin, Ghana

Abstract Accurate estimation of groundwater recharge is essential for the proper management of aquifers. A study of water isotope (δ2H, δ18O) depth profiles was carried out to estimate groundwater recharge in the Densu River basin in Ghana, at three chosen observation sites that differ in their altitude, geology, climate and vegetation. Water isotopes and water contents were analysed with depth to determine water flow in the unsaturated zone. The measured data showed isotope enrichment in the pore water near the soil surface due to evaporation. Seasonal variations in the isotope signal of the pore water were also observed to a depth of 2.75 m. Below that depth, the seasonal variation of the isotope signal was attenuated due to diffusion/dispersion and low water flow velocities. Groundwater recharge rates were determined by numerical modelling of the unsaturated water flow and water isotope transport. Different groundwater recharge rates were computed at the three observation sites and were found to vary between 94 and 182 mm/year (± max. 7%). Further, the approximate peak-shift method was applied to give information about groundwater recharge rates. Although this simple method neglects variations in flow conditions and only considers advective transport, it yielded mean groundwater recharge rates of 110–250 mm/year (± max. 30%), which were in the same order of magnitude as computed numerical modelling values. Integrating these site-specific groundwater recharge rates to the whole catchment indicates that more water is potentially renewed than consumed nowadays. With increases in population and irrigation, more clean water is required, and knowledge about groundwater recharge rates – essential for improving the groundwater management in the Densu River basin – can be easily obtained by measuring water isotope depth profiles and applying a simple peak-shift approach. Citation Adomako, D. , Maloszewski, P., Stumpp, C. , Osae, S. & Akiti, T. T. (2010) Estimating groundwater recharge from water isotope (δ2H, δ18O) depth profiles in the Densu River basin, Ghana. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(8), 1405–1416.
Field and temperature behavior of remanence in synthetic goethite: Paleomagnetic implications

Synthetic powders of pure goethite exhibit an antiferromagnetic behavior and negligible isothermal remanent magnetization up to 4 Tesla. However thermoremanence up to 0.3 Am²kg−1 can be imparted to the samples. High field measurements show median acquisition field of 9–13 T and suggest saturation fields of the order of 10² T. Large increase in remanence at low temperature is an intrinsic feature of goethite. The weak ferromagnetism observed is linked to a bulk origin for spin imbalance rather than to an effect of very fine grain-size or surface defects. The results are compared with properties of rocks bearing goethite and hematite.
How Tongxie-Yaofang Regulates Intestinal Synaptic Plasticity by Activating Enteric Glial Cells and NGF/TrkA Pathway in Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats

Purpose Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) is a frequent functional gastrointestinal disease that affects health and quality of life owing to its high incidence and recurrence rate. Tongxie-Yaofang (TXYF) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescribed for D-IBS. However, the therapeutic mechanism of TXYF has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TXYF on visceral hypersensitivity in stress-induced D-IBS rats and the underlying mechanisms. Methods Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the external oblique muscles and the abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score captured by Barostat were used to quantify the effect of TXYF on visceral sensitivity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the enteric nervous system (ENS). For molecular detection, the colonic expression of enteric glial cell’s (EGC’s) activation markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and calcium-binding protein S100β, NGF, TrkA, synaptic plasticity-related factors, synaptophysin (SYN) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95), glutamate, glutamate receptors α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptor (AMPAR), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) were detected by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time PCR. An ex vivo experiment was conducted to measure the EGC-induced NGF release. Results TXYF decreased the EMG activity and AWR scores in rats with D-IBS. Under TEM, TXYF improved the dense and irregular nerve arrangement, narrowed the synaptic cleft, and decreased the number of synaptic vesicles in D-IBS rats. In addition, TXYF decreased the expression of GFAP, S100β, SYN, and PSD-95; down-regulated the levels of NGF, TrkA, and glutamate; and reduced the mRNA expression of AMPAR1, NMDAR1, and NMDAR2B. In an ex vivo experiment, TXYF decreased NGF release in D-IBS rats, and this trend disappeared under EGC inhibition. Conclusion TXYF alleviated visceral hypersensitivity in D-IBS rats possibly by improving synaptic plasticity through inhibiting the activity of EGCs and the NGF/TrkA signaling pathway in the colon.
Bottom Stress Estimates from Vertical Dissipation Rate Profiles on the Continental Shelf

Abstract Measurements of the near-bottom distribution of the turbulent dissipation rate on the continental shelf west of Vancouver Island are used to calculate bottom stress. A free-failing vertical profiler with microstructure shear probes was used to measure the dissipation rate, from near the surface to within 0.15 m of the bottom. The shear probes measure velocity gradients at scales within the viscous subrange of the turbulence and therefore directly measure the rate at which kinetic energy is dissipated by viscosity. Friction velocities are computed from the formula uast; = (ϵκz/ρ)⅓, where the dissipation rate ϵ is measured in the constant stress layer. The technique is more reliable than estimates of the dissipation rate obtained by fitting spectral slopes to velocity spectra at scales in the inertial subrange. Near-bottom current measurements indicate that the bottom stress values obtained from the turbulent measurements are well correlated with the current magnitude. An estimate of the drag coeff.
The research of infrared image enhancement algorithm based on human vision

Infrared images have their own characteristics: low contrast, great noise, large dynamic range and poor visual effect. The traditional image enhancement algorithms have certain limitations and can't achieve a good visual effect. In order to obtain a good visual effect and improve the target detection and recognition capabilities, the paper studied various enhancement methods. After analyzing the retinex theory, we choose the image enhancement method based on human visual system called retinex to process infrared images. Retinex has been used to enhance the visible light image. To do experiment on infrared image enhancement, multi-scale retinex method gets ideal visual effect. On this basis, we propose an improved multi-scale Retinex (AMSR) method based on adaptive adjustment. This method can adaptively adjust the gray level and contrast of the image, enhance the details, make the weak small targets more conducive to the human eye observation. While, it is impossible to find a method suited for all infrared images with different characteristics. So, we use several traditional image enhancement algorithms to compare with the retinex algorithms. And calculate the objective evaluation factors, including average, standard deviation, entropy and so on. After observation the processing results and analyzing these evaluation factors, the AMSR algorithm is proved having its applicability and superiority. In order to select a suitable infrared image enhancement algorithms, we analyze the applicability of each enhancement methods for infrared image has obvious characteristics, To some extent, the study is significant to the infrared target detection and recognition.
Evidence from Trace Elements and H2O for Regionally Distinctive Sources of Depleted MORB: Implications for Evolution of the Depleted Mantle

Sources of depleted mid-ocean ridge basalts (NMORB) worldwide are regionally distinctive. H20/Ce ratios in MORB are fairly constant for depleted N-MORB through enriched E-MORB within a region, but there are significant differences between regions. These observations can be explained by open system mantle evolution in which the sources of virtually all MORB have been influenced by regionally distinctive plume material that has been variably depleted by small extents of melting during OIB formation or during earlier episodes of MORB formation. The depleted residue of this process bears the trace element signature (H20/Ce) of the plume material and could serve as a component in the source of N-MORB. Mixing of this residue with newlyinput plume material can explain much of the spectrum of MORB trace element compositions. Variations in H20/Ce in plumes (and therefore MORB) may arise from differences in the amount of juvenile volatiles or, more likely, differences in the amount and nature of recycled subducted components in their sources.