Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Informal Labor Income: Does Demographic Matters?

In informal sector, labor is unnecessary to have a higher degree and special skill. So that, working in informal sector is one of the solutions for labor with low skill to gain an income and move out from poverty. This research aims to analyse determinant factors of labor income in informal sector, focused on demographic and social economics variables. By using SAKERNAS data from Indonesian Statistics, this research is adopted Mincer Wage Equation and conducted by Ordinary Least Square Method. The result shows that Mincer Equation still a robust model for modelling wage factor. Labor with more educational backgrounds come up with higher income since the education will refine the workability and capability to improve productivity. In the other hand, labor in informal sector who live in the village earn more income than those who work in the city area. This conclude that by right policy, informal sector can develop higher income as high as formal sector.
Poly(p-phenylenevinylene) light-emitting diodes : enhanced electroluminescent efficiency through charge carrier confinement

We have fabricated light‐emitting diodes with poly(p‐phenylenevinylene) as the emissive layer, and with an electron‐transporting layer formed from a solid state dispersion of 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)‐5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole in poly(methyl methacrylate), placed between this and the negative electrode. These structures show typically a tenfold improvement in efficiency in the low‐voltage regime and an eightfold improvement in the high‐voltage regime over devices without the electron‐transporting layer. Typical efficiencies are about 0.8% photons/electron. We consider that the role of the electron‐transport layer is to confine holes to the emissive layer.
[Factors associated with the use of oral health services in older peruvian adults: secondary analysis of population survey, 2018].

OBJECTIVES : To identify the prevalence and factors associated with the use of oral health services in Peruvian older adults (OA) during 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS . Secondary analysis of data on 4,874 Peruvian OAs from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) carried out in 2018. The use of oral health services was considered (yes/no) based on the six months prior to the application of the survey as a dependent variable. The independent variables were sex, age, area of residence, educational level, marital status, geographical domain, physical limitation, health insurance, spoken language, and welfare index quintile. A descriptive analysis was performed using absolute frequencies and weighted proportions, and a multivariate analysis using generalized linear models (Poisson regression). RESULTS . From the total of OAs, 52.6% were women, 52.9% belonged to the 60-69 age group, 77% belonged to the urban area, and 81.1% had a health insurance. The prevalence of the use of dental care services in the last six months was 24.9%. Multivariate analysis found association with area of residence (p<0.001), higher educational level (p=0.001), health insurance affiliation (p<0.001), geographic domain (p=0.019), and all welfare index quintiles (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS . The prevalence of the use of dental care services in OAs was low, and its associated factors were the area of residence, educational level, health insurance, geographic domain, and welfare index quintiles.
Fully Distributed Observer Design for Mobile Targets

In this paper, a sensor network is used to implement the distributed observer design problem for a linear time-invariant mobile target system with constant or time-varying velocity. Each sensor can only access a part of the output information of the target. Two types of interacting dynamics are endowed to each sensor, one is a consensus-based algorithm for the state estimation using the local measurements, while the other is a leader-following flocking-like algorithm such that the mobile sensors can avoid collision, maintain communication, and track the target. By adopting adaptive coupling gains on the consensus-based term in the state estimation algorithm, a fully distributed observer which is independent of the communication topology associated with the sensor network is constructed. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.
Observational Limits on Omega in Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and Stellar Remnants from Gravitational Microlensing

Microlensing by compact objects with masses between approximately 0.001 solar masses and approximately 300 solar masses will amplify the continuum emission of a quasar, without significantly changing its line emission. Thus, compact objects with masses associated with stars, subdwarfs, and stellar remnants will reduce the apparent equivalent widths of quasar emission lines. It is possible to detect this population of lenses by searching for an increase in the number of small equivalent width quasars with redshift. This increase was looked for, but not found, in quasar samples taken from the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey and the Steidel & Sargent absorption-line studies. Thus, Omega(sub c), the cosmological density of compact objects relative to the critical density, is less than or approximately equal to 0.1 in the mass range 0.01 solar masses-20 solar masses (for Omega less than 0.6). For any value of Omega, Omega(sub c) less than or approximately equal to 0.2 in the larger mass range 0.001 solar masses-60 solar masses, and Omega(sub c) less than 1 for 0.001 solar masses-300 solar masses. Subdwarfs, stellar objects, or their remnants (e.g., MACHOS) cannot close the universe.
Ultraviolet amplified spontaneous emission from zinc oxide ridge waveguides on silicon substrate

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin-film waveguides with ridge structures have been fabricated on n-type (100) silicon substrates. The deposition of high-crystal-quality ZnO thin films on the lattice-mismatched silicon substrate was achieved by using the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. A ridge structure is defined on the ZnO thin film by plasma etching. Room temperature amplified spontaneous emission with peak wavelength at 385 nm is observed under 355 nm optical excitation. The pump threshold is found to be around 0.45 MW/cm2. The maximum net optical gain of the ZnO waveguide is larger than 120 cm−1 at a pump intensity of 1.9 MW/cm2.
Connecting research and practice to enhance the evolutionary potential of species under climate change

Resource managers have rarely accounted for evolutionary dynamics in the design or implementation of climate change adaptation strategies. We brought the research and management communities together to identify challenges and opportunities for applying evidence from evolutionary science to support on‐the‐ground actions intended to enhance species' evolutionary potential. We amalgamated input from natural‐resource practitioners and interdisciplinary scientists to identify information needs, current knowledge that can fill those needs, and future avenues for research. Three focal areas that can guide engagement include: (1) recognizing when to act, (2) understanding the feasibility of assessing evolutionary potential, and (3) identifying best management practices. Although researchers commonly propose using molecular methods to estimate genetic diversity and gene flow as key indicators of evolutionary potential, we offer guidance on several additional attributes (and their proxies) that may also guide decision‐making, particularly in the absence of genetic data. Finally, we outline existing decision‐making frameworks that can help managers compare alternative strategies for supporting evolutionary potential, with the goal of increasing the effective use of evolutionary information, particularly for species of conservation concern. We caution, however, that arguing over nuance can generate confusion; instead, dedicating increased focus on a decision‐relevant evidence base may better lend itself to climate adaptation actions.
IMD-MTFC: Image-Domain Material Decomposition via Material-Image Tensor Factorization and Clustering for Spectral CT

Spectral computed tomography (CT) provides multispectral X-ray information that can be used for quantitative material-specific imaging compared to the conventional CT. However, the low-count photon rate in a single energy bin may lead to highly noisy measurements with compromised material contrast and accuracy. Moreover, the complicated material decomposition process is an ill-posed inverse problem, which is sensitive to noise. In this work, we develop an image-domain material decomposition method via material-image tensor factorization and clustering (IMD-MTFC) for spectral CT to obtain high-precision material-specific images. Specifically, a set of image patches is extracted from the normalized material-specific image tensors decomposed by the direct inversion (DI). Then, each of them is clustered in a given nonlocal neighboring area to explore the nonlocal self-similarity of material-specific images. Furthermore, the low-rank regularized Kronecker-basis-representation tensor factorization is employed to incorporate the sparsity and redundant correlation across the material-specific images. The split-Bregman is employed to optimize the model by dividing it into several subproblems. The performance of our method is validated with numerically simulated mouse projections, physical phantom, and preclinical experiments. The results confirm that the IMD-MTFC method outperforms other state-of-the-art competing methods.
Filling Holes in Triangular Meshes with Feature Preserved

In this paper, a novel hole-filling algorithm for triangular meshes is proposed. Firstly, the hole is triangulated into a set of new triangles using modified principle of minimum angle. Then the initial patching mesh is refined according to the density of vertices on boundary edges. Finally, the patching mesh is optimized via the bilateral filter to recover missed features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm fills complex holes robustly, and preserves geometric features to a certain extent as well.
Attenuation and Degeneration of SARS-CoV-2 Despite Adaptive Evolution

The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) has followed similar trends as other RNA viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and the influenza A virus. Rapid initial diversification was followed by strong competition and a rapid succession of dominant variants. Host-initiated RNA editing has been the primary mechanism for introducing mutations. A significant number of mutations detrimental to viral replication have been quickly purged. Fixed mutations are mostly diversifying mutations selected for host adaptation and immune evasion, with the latter accounting for the majority of the mutations. However, immune evasion often comes at the cost of functionality, and thus, optimal functionality is still far from being accomplished. Instead, selection for antibody-escaping variants and accumulation of near-neutral mutations have led to suboptimal codon usage and reduced replicative capacity, as demonstrated in non-respiratory cell lines. Beneficial adaptation of the virus includes reduced infectivity in lung tissues and increased tropism for the upper airway, resulting in shorter incubation periods, milder diseases, and more efficient transmission between people.
Multistrategy-Based Environment Map Building Using a Mobile Agent

This letter proposes a mobile agent-based environment map building method, which consists of three stages: 1) boundary detection, 2) global scan, and 3) map construction. According to the agent perception model, an improved wall-walking strategy is used to detect the boundary of the unknown environment. The region surrounded by the boundary is divided into meshes, and a point in each mesh is randomly chosen using a simplified internal spiral traversal strategy and used as the target point that the agent needs to reach in order. Based on this, the D*Lite algorithm is used to control the movement of the agent to reduce the time for a global scan. Finally, the obstacle distribution and the concentration distribution of the pollution source in the unknown environment are generated through an occupancy probability strategy and a radial basis function neural network, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed method can control the agent to detect the whole unknown environment with improved robustness and computational efficiency so as to construct the environment map completely and accurately.
Change-point estimation in ARCH models

This paper studies the change-point problem and the cross-covariance function for ARCH models. Bounds for the cross-covariance function are derived and explicit formulae are obtained in special cases. Consistency of a CUSUM type change-point estimator is proved and its rate of convergence is established. A Haijek-R6nyi type inequality is also proved. Results are obtained under weak moment assumptions.
Recognition of chain-coded handwritten character images with scanning n-tuple method

A method of applying n-tuple recognition techniques to handwritten OCR, which involves scanning an n-tuple classifier over a chain-code of the image, is described. The traditional advantages of n-tuple recognition, i.e. training and recognition speed, are retained, while offering superior recognition accuracy, as demonstrated by results on three widely used data sets.
An Inertial-Based Upper-Limb Motion Assessment Model: Performance Validation Across Various Motion Tasks

Inertial measurement unit (IMU) has been widely applied in the development of upper-limb motion assessment model due to its portability, low cost, and theoretically unlimited workspace. However, most inertial-based models do not meet the accuracy requirement of clinical use. The errors mainly arise from the sensor measurement and “sensor-to-segment” misalignment. This article presented a novel inertial-based upper-limb motion assessment model with two layers, which enabled simultaneous estimation of the joint angles and positions. The sensor-to-segment dynamic calibration method was employed in the construction of the upper-limb kinematic model. The joint angles were calculated based on orientation transforms between adjacent body segments, while the joint positions were estimated using a forward kinematic chain. The model performance was evaluated with the terms of the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), offset, and root-mean-square error (RMSE) by comparing with results derived from the Vicon reference system. Effects of motion type and motion plane on estimation accuracy were further investigated with the use of a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the estimated joint angles and positions had a good agreement with the reference, and the RMSEs below 5.79° and 3.45 cm were, respectively, achieved. Both the motion type and motion plane had significant effects on the model performance, suggesting that the motion task effect should be considered in applications of inertial-based motion analysis methods. The proposed inertial model has great potential in upper-limb movement evaluation for patients.
Evolution of Dust Grains through a Hot Gaseous Halo

The evolution of bare spherical dust grains in the halo of spiral galaxies is analyzed. Two different grain compounds, graphites and astronomical silicates, are considered. The detailed mass and luminosity distributions for the Milky Way and NGC 3198 (considered as representative of the Sb and Sc types, respectively) are used to evaluate the range of possible evolutionary tracks. Aside from radiative and gravitational forces, the effects of drag and sputtering from a gaseous halo are included. A simple isothermal and hydrostatic density structure, with temperatures in the range 3 × 10 5 -10 6 K, has been used for this gaseous halo
Deep-learning enables single-pixel spectral imaging

We propose a novel joint compressive imaging system, which combines the merit of Single Pixel Camera (SPC) and Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging (CASSI) system. This enables us to capture multi- or hyperspectral information with a single pixel detector. The desired 3D image cube is reconstructed by a concatenation of deep-unfolding-based algorithm and plug-and-play algorithm with deep-learning-based denoiser. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed system in both simulation and experiments. With advanced algorithms, the joint compressive imaging system is able to output comparable hyperspectral images with existing SD-CASSI system. Moreover, by adapting ultra-broad-spectrum photodiodes, the proposed system can be easily expanded to Near- and Mid-infrared band and thus being a low-cost approach to IR spectroscopy.
Magnetic Energy Release and Transients in the Solar Flare of 2000 July 14

High-resolution observations of a large solar flare on 2000 July 14 ("Bastille Day Flare") from the Michelson Doppler Imager instrument on the SOHO spacecraft reveal rapid variations of the magnetic field in the lower solar atmosphere during the flare. Some of these variations were irreversible, occurred in the vicinity of magnetic neutral lines, and likely were related to magnetic energy release in the flare. A surprising result is that these variations happened very rapidly on the scale of 10-15 minutes in a large area of ~50 Mm2 at the beginning of the flare. Other, more localized and impulsive magnetic field variations somewhat similar to "magnetic transients" observed by Zirin and coworkers were accompanied by impulses in continuum intensity and Doppler velocity. These impulses have dynamic characteristics similar to Ellerman's "bombs" and Severny's "mustaches" and were probably caused by high-energy particles bombarding the solar surface.
Thermophoretic particle deposition in Carreau-Yasuda fluid over chemical reactive Riga plate

Marangoni convection is very useful in coating flow technology, surfactant replacement therapy for neonatal children, microfluidics, drying of semi-conductor vapors in microelectronics, foams, and film drainage in emulsions. The behavior of gyrotactic microorganisms and chemical reaction on the Marangoni convected Carreau-Yasuda liquid flowing over Riga plate with thermophoretic particle deposition is reported in this research. The Riga plate is self-possessed of magnets and electrodes. The fluid conducted electricity and the vertical Lorentz force has been exponentially increased. Thermal and mass species phenomena are investigated within the context of Dufour and Soret impacts. The PDEs are transformed into ODEs by the implication of suitable transformations. The resulting system of equations is solved by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). Using tables and graphs, the effects of dimensionless parameters on flow fields are described. The wall drag coefficient and pertinent flow rates are organized and stated. The results revealed that the temperature, concentration, and microorganisms profiles decay but the velocity profile augmented as the Marangoni ratio parameter increases.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS FOR FROST-HEAVING FORCE OF LAND BRIDGES ON QING-TIBET RAILWAY IN COLD REGIONS

ABSTRACT A mathematical mechanical model and the governing differential equations of the coupled problem of temperature, moisture migrating, and stress fields with phase change, are first derived from the theory of heat transfer, the theory of moisture migration, and frozen soil mechanics. Then the finite element formulas of this problem are obtained by using Galerkin's method. Using the finite element formulas, a nonlinear analysis for the frost-heaving process of the land bridge in the next 20 years is made. The calculated results show that only soil at the bottom of the pile generates plastic deformation, and the deformation is quite small; therefore, the studied land bridge is safe.
Growth and characterization of TiO2 as a barrier for spin-polarized tunneling

We report on the elaboration and characterization of tunnel junctions based on La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 and TiO2. The structural analysis shows that TiO2 grows epitaxially in the anatase phase and forms flat interfaces with the adjacent layers. Resistance maps of a La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/TiO2 bilayer reveal a homogeneous resistance level. After patterning tunnel junctions, we obtain a large positive tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) at low temperature for La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/TiO2/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 junctions and a negative TMR in the case of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/TiO2/Co. This negative TMR reflects a negative spin polarization of Co at the interface with TiO2, in analogy with recent experimental results for the Co/SrTiO3 interface.
Perceptual and cognitive effects on the use of helmet-mounted displays due to external operational factors

This paper addresses the human component of the human-machine interface and the effects of operational stressors on the user as a system operator. Discussions will strive to link operational stress factors to perception, cognition, and human performance errors and their implications for the design of helmet-mounted displays (HMDs). While many operational stressors can be self-imposed (e.g., fatigue, medication use and smoking), this discussion will focus on environment-related (external) stressors. Generally these factors are characteristics of an environment that require unique countermeasure development versus being under the direct control of the user. These include altitude, noise, vibration, thermal extremes and ambient lighting. Thus, it becomes incumbent upon the HMD designers to be cognizant of these environmental stressors and understand how the Soldier will perform when exposed to these conditions.
An effective recognition algorithm for multiple targets under sea surface background

This paper describes an effective multiple targets recognition algorithm under the circumstances that the targets are with a sea surface background. The proposed algorithm relies on three steps. Firstly, an improved canny operator was adopted to get the edge characteristics of the image templates of airplanes, naval ships and islands , compared to the classical canny operator, the proposed canny operator can generate more accurate edges because of the anisotropic Gaussian filtering and the self-adaptive threshold estimate method it used. Secondly, to calculate the valid objects' positions and generate their edge binary images in the current image, region grown algorithm and improved canny algorithm were adopted. Finally, a hausdorff distance based categorizer was implemented to classify the objects already been located. Experimental results show that the approach performs well in multiple targets recognition in images with sea surface background , the proposed algorithm has strong pertinency and high efficiency to similar problems.
Single hole dynamics in the CuO2 plane at half filling

We present a $\mathbf{k}$-dependent study of the single hole states in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cl}}_{2}$. We demonstrate that the controversial ``1 eV peaks'' in the high ${T}_{c}$'s are quasiparticles derived from the same O $2p$ states as the Zhang-Rice (ZR) singlets, but of different symmetry and intensity in those regions of the Brillouin zone where the hybridization with the correlated Cu $3d$ states vanishes by symmetry. We use this new source of information to estimate the quasiparticle weight of the ZR singlets, discuss the quasiparticle line shape, and suggest a strong $\mathbf{k}$ dependence of the self-energy.