Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of LES Models Under Location Uncertainty

The models under location uncertainty recently introduced by Memin [16] provide a new outlook on LES modelling for turbulence studies. These models are derived from the stochastic conservation equations using stochastic calculus. These stochastic conservation equations are similar to the filtered Navier- Stokes equation wherein we observe a sub-grid scale dissipation term. However, in the stochastic version, an extra term appears, termed as "velocity bias", which can be treated as a biasing/modification of the large scale advection by the small scales. This velocity bias, introduced first in stochastic models by MacInnes and Bracco [14] albeit artificially, appears here automatically through a decorrelation assumption of the small scales at the resolved scale. All sub-grid contributions for the stochastic models are defined by the small scale velocity auto-correlation (a = $σσT$ ) which can be modelled through a Smagorinsky equivalency or by a local variance calculation. In this study, we have worked towards verifying the applicability and accuracy of these models in two well-studied cases namely that of flow over a circular cylinder at Re ∼ 3900 and smooth channel flow at Reτ ∼ 395. Both these flows have been extensively studied in literature and provide well-established data sets for model comparison. In addition, these flows display numerous important characteristics of turbulence flows that needs to be captured efficiently by the model. This combined with the flow associated numerical complexities makes these the ideal flow for model study. A comparison of the models indicates a statistical improvement in the models under location uncertainty compared with classical deterministic models for both flows.
Voces sobre la salud en Twitter: Un análisis de los sentimientos acerca de los hospitales públicos en Quito

En el presente artículo se calculan y evalúan sentimientos positivos y negativos sobre los hospitales públicos de Quito, Ecuador, a partir de información recopilada en Twitter. Para ello se realizó una recolección de tweets y retweets (observaciones) sobre hospitales vía API de Twitter. Durante la investigación se clasificaron estos datos en puntajes de sentimientos positivos (de 1 a 5) y negativos (de -1 a -5), usando el algoritmo SentiStrength. También se hallaron las divergencias emocionales de los sentimientos de cada observación y se encontró que las modas de los puntajes positivos y negativos fueron 1 y -1 respectivamente. En el estudio no se obtuvieron diferencias marcadas entre promedios de divergencias emocionales. Se identificó un sesgo de lenguaje positivo en los tweets y retweets que se refieren a los hospitales. Los resultados también sugieren que Twitter es utilizada generalmente para comunicar diversos temas y no para incentivar una retroalimentación con pacientes de los hospitales.
Detecting Fake Audio of Arabic Speakers Using Self-Supervised Deep Learning

One of the most significant discussions in forensics is Audio Deepfake, where AI-generated tools are used to clone audio content of people’s voices. Although it was intended to improve people’s lives, attackers utilized it maliciously, compromising the public’s safety. Thus, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) methods have been developed to detect imitated or synthetically faked voices. However, the developed methods suffered from massive training data or excessive pre-processing. To the author’s best knowledge, Arabic speech has not yet been explored with synthetic fake audio, and it is very limited to the challenged fakeness, which is imitation. This paper proposed a new Audio Deepfake detection method called Arabic-AD based on self-supervised learning techniques to detect both synthetic and imitated voices. Additionally, it contributed to the literature by creating the first synthetic dataset of a single speaker who perfectly speaks Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Besides, the accent was also considered by collecting Arabic recordings from non-Arabic speakers to evaluate the robustness of Arabic-AD. Three extensive experiments were conducted to measure the proposed method and compare it to well-known benchmarks in the literature. As a result, Arabic-AD outperformed other state-of-the-art methods with the lowest EER rate (0.027%), and high detection accuracy (97%) while avoiding the need for excessive training.
Investigations on two classes of covering problems

Covering problems fall within the broader category of facility location, a branch of combinatorial optimization concerned with the optimal placement of service facilities in some geometric space. This thesis considers two classes of covering problems. The first, Covering with Variable Capacities (CVC), was introduced in [1] and adds a notion of capacity to the classical Uncapacitated Facility Location problem. That is, each facility has a fixed maximum quantity of clients it can serve. The objective of each variant of CVC is either to serve all clients, the greatest number of clients possible, or all clients using the least number of facilities possible. We provide approximation algorithms, and in a few select cases, optimal algorithms, for all three variants of CVC. The second class of covering problems is barrier coverage. When the purpose of coverage is surveillance rather than service, a cost effective approach to the problem of intruder detection is to place sensors along the boundary, or barrier, of the surveilled region. A barrier coverage is complete when any intrusion is sure to be detected by some sensor. We limit our consideration of barrier coverage to the one-dimensional case, where the region is a line segment. Sensors are themselves line segments, whose span forms a detection range. The objective of barrier coverage as considered here is to form a complete barrier coverage while minimizing the total movement cost, the sum of the weighted distances moved by each sensor in the solution. We show that, by assuming the sensors lie in initial positions where their detection ranges are disjoint from the barrier, one-dimensional barrier coverage can be solved with an FPTAS. Along the way to developing the FPTAS, we give a fast, simple 2-approximation algorithm for weighted disjoint barrier coverage.
Measurements of cross sections for the fusion-evaporation reactions 244 Pu ( 48 Ca ,xn ) 292-x 114 and 245 Cm ( 48 Ca ,xn ) 293-x 116

We have studied the excitation functions of the reactions $^{244}\mathrm{Pu}$($^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$,$xn$). Maximum cross sections for the evaporation of 3--5 neutrons in the complete-fusion reaction $^{244}\mathrm{Pu+}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ were measured to be ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{3n}=2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{pb}$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{4n}=5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{pb}$, and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{5n}=1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{pb}$. The decay properties of $3n$-evaporation product $^{289}114$, in the decay chains observed at low $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ energy coincide well with those previously observed in the $^{244}\mathrm{Pu+}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm+}^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ reactions and assigned to $^{288}114$. Two isotopes of element 114 and their descendant nuclei were identified for the first time at higher bombarding energies: $^{288}114$ (${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=9.95\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}$, ${T}_{1∕2}=0.6\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$) and $^{287}114$ (${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=10.04\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}$, ${T}_{1∕2}=1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$). We also report on the observation of new isotopes of element 116, $^{290,291}116$, produced in the $^{245}\mathrm{Cm}+^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$ reaction with cross sections of about $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{pb}$. A discussion of self-consistent interpretations of all observed decay chains originating at $Z=118$, 116, and 114 is presented.
Nano-Scanning Calorimetry Applied to Phase Change Processes in GeTe Thin Films

The parallel nano-scanning calorimeter (PnSC) is a device for calorimetric measurement of nanoscale materials. Compared with traditional scanning calorimetry of bulk materials, PnSC has a faster heating rate and higher sensitivity when testing small masses of samples. Here, nano-scanning calorimetry is used to investigate the phase transition behavior of germanium telluride (GeTe). Amorphous GeTe is deposited on the heating element of PnSC, and the sample is analyzed in the process of heating crystallization. At a heating rate of approximately $10^{{3}}$ K/S, the amorphous deposited GeTe changes to rhombic GeTe at 185 °C and to cubic GeTe as the temperature continues to rise to 412 °C. The phase change process of GeTe was also determined using conventional differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained phase change enthalpies and phase change temperatures were compared with those determined by nano-scanning calorimetry. The composition of the low and high-temperature phases was determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.
Achieving feasibility for clustered traveling salesman problems using PQ‐trees

Let H=⟨V,𝒮⟩ be a hypergraph, where V$$ V $$ is a set of vertices and 𝒮 is a set of clusters S1,…,Sm$$ {S}_1,\dots, {S}_m $$ , Si⊆V$$ {S}_i\subseteq V $$ , such that the clusters in 𝒮 are not necessarily disjoint. This article considers the feasibility clustered traveling salesman problem, denoted by FCTSP$$ FCTSP $$ . In the FCTSP$$ FCTSP $$ we aim to decide whether a simple path exists that visits each vertex exactly once, such that the vertices of each cluster are visited consecutively. We focus on hypergraphs with no feasible solution path and consider removing vertices from clusters, such that the hypergraph with the new clusters has a feasible solution path for FCTSP$$ FCTSP $$ . The algorithm uses a PQ‐tree data structure and runs in linear time.
Possible mechanisms for fog formation over Borg El Arab airport, Egypt

The main aim of this study is to identify the causes of fog formation over Borg El Arab International Airport in Egypt. The frequency of fog at this location was studied for the period 1990–2010 using a variety of statistical techniques. The relationships between fog and different meteorological factors were also studied alongside fog occurrence frequency data to determine the mechanisms and conditions which are most likely to result in the type of fog observed at the study site. Hourly ground observations of the visibility and other meteorological parameters for foggy days at the site were analysed for the period of study. The results show that the maximum frequency of fog events occurs during winter and autumn months, with the highest daily frequency in November and highest hourly frequency in December. Most of the fog events lasted for a considerable period of time, with a maximum observed event duration of 13 h in January 2007. The fog events over the study area tend to occur during the early morning, between 0100 h and 0700LT (utc + 02 h), with a peak at 0500 h. Over the period of study there is a decreasing trend in annual fog frequency over the study area. Moderate fog is the most commonly observed category of fog event for all seasons (and it occurs most frequently in November and December), while severe fog is the last commonly observed category for all seasons. Fog requires stability in the lower layer of the atmosphere, and it forms over the study area when there is a high pressure of between 1010 and 1021 hPa, a low wind speed of less than 3 ms−1, predominately northeasterly, southwesterly, southeasterly or northerly wind directions, relative humidity higher than 85%, and a dew‐point deficit of less than 3 degC. Therefore, severe, moderate, and weak fog events are highly negatively correlated with wind speed (−0.82, −0.81 and − 0.81, respectively) and dew‐point deficit (−0.69, −0.71 and − 0.66), but are positively correlated with relative humidity (0.76, 0.84 and 0.79).
Supply Chain Financing System Factors, Solutions, and Benefits: A Systematic Literature Review

Supply Chain Finance (SCF) improves the business efficiency and effectiveness of suppliers, distributors, buyers, and financial institutions within supply chain collaboration. SCF implementation has risen to prominence worldwide, smoothing physical, product, and information flows within the supply chain as a means of maximizing profits. Due to a lack of research into SCF-related factors, solutions and benefits, this paper utilizes a systematic literature review methodology and content analysis to examine 56 papers drawn from major academic databases. The findings incorporate theoretical framework reviews which help to explain how SCF solutions can leverage enhanced supply chain (SC) performance by demonstrating the potential application of SCF to assist facilitators, reduce obstacles to sustained SC performance and develop an integrated conceptual framework illustrating how SCF accelerated overall supply chain performance
High quality of logic gates from the return arm of a Sagnac fiber interferometer

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of obtaining logic functions and logic gates in the reflected output of the Sagnac interferometer by unbalancing the interferometer through the effects of group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation, mapped by the influence of the extinction ratio (XR) and also analyze the logic gates of better quality by proposing accuracy precision ratio (PR) defined. We studied the phase variation in the phase inserted to the input and we analyzed the related parameters of modulation. We investigated intrinsic features of reflection of the Sagnac interferometer and obtained the logic gates AND, OR, and XOR, and the logical functions ZERO, ONE, and . A specific situation happens when ρ = 0.3 and , where we find the logic gates AND, OR, and XOR. Of all results, the XOR logic gate was obtained in a greater phase variation interval. The XR had the highest contrast when ρ = 0.2 and |ɛ| = 0.028 W1/2. The proposed reconfigurable theoretical set-up gives a contribution to the design of optical networks by the analysis of the obtained logic gates and logic functions in an all-optical environment. The best quality logic gate is the AND gate presenting the |PRTOTAL| = 34.99 when .
Representing and Understanding the Carbon Cycle Using the Theory of Compartmental Dynamical Systems

Models representing exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the terrestrial biosphere include a large variety of processes and mechanisms, and have increased in complexity in the last decades. These models are no exception of the simulation versus understanding conundrum previously articulated for models of the physical climate, which states that increasing detail in process representation in models, and the simulations they produce, hinders understanding of holistic system behavior. However, recent theoretical progress on the mathematical representation of the carbon cycle in ecosystems may help to provide a general framework for the qualitative understanding of models without compromising detail in process representation. Here we (1) briefly review recent ideas on the theory of transient dynamics of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its matrix representation, pointing out issues of interpretation, (2) show that these ideas can be further generalized in the mathematical concept of nonautonomous compartmental systems, and (3) provide thoughts on how this framework can be used to address a new set of questions in carbon cycle science.
Optimal Control and Additive Perturbations Help in Estimating Ill-Posed and Uncertain Dynamical Systems

ABSTRACT Ordinary differential equations (ODE) are routinely calibrated on real data for estimating unknown parameters or for reverse-engineering. Nevertheless, standard statistical techniques can give disappointing results because of the complex relationship between parameters and states, which makes the corresponding estimation problem ill-posed. Moreover, ODE are mechanistic models that are prone to modeling errors, whose influences on inference are often neglected during statistical analysis. We propose a regularized estimation framework, called Tracking, which consists in adding a perturbation (L2 function) to the original ODE. This perturbation facilitates data fitting and represents also possible model misspecifications, so that parameter estimation is done by solving a trade-off between data fidelity and model fidelity. We show that the underlying optimization problem is an optimal control problem that can be solved by the Pontryagin maximum principle for general nonlinear and partially observed ODE. The same methodology can be used for the joint estimation of finite and time-varying parameters. We show, in the case of a well-specified parametric model that our estimator is consistent and reaches the root-n rate. In addition, numerical experiments considering various sources of model misspecifications shows that Tracking still furnishes accurate estimates. Finally, we consider semiparametric estimation on both simulated data and on a real data example. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Verkle-Accumulator-Based Stateless Transaction Validation (VA-STV) Scheme for the Blockchain-Based IoT Network

The blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT) has served widely across various industries for authentication, cooperation, and data sharing but faced the severe challenge of storage scalability. The storage burden gets worse for IoT devices with limited resources. The state data is essential for efficient transaction issuance and validation. This article proposes the Verkle accumulator-based stateless transaction validation (VA-STV) scheme for permissionless blockchains to decrease the storage burden of the state data on each node with the acceptable overhead of computation and communication. In the scheme, the current state is summarized as the commitment maintained in the latest block header, and one witness is generated for each token to guarantee its validity. State transitions are realized by updating the commitment and witnesses so that no state is stored on nodes acting as validators and miners. Only the nodes acting as traders should maintain the tokens controlled by themselves and the witnesses locally. The VA-STV is based on the Verkle accumulator (VA), which is a combination of the Verkle tree (VT) and the KZG polynomial commitment scheme. Simulation results show that the VA-STV provides a smaller witness size (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.74\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and faster commitment generation (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$14\times$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) than the existing stateless schemes in the same settings, which indicates the advantages of VA-STV in succinctness and efficiency. Besides, a tradeoff between the communication and computation requirements can be achieved by adjusting the branching factor, which improves the adaptability of the proposed scheme for different IoT scenarios.
Prediction of Grade Classification of Rock Burst Based on PCA-SSA-PNN Architecture

The uncertainty and complexity of rock burst brings great difficulties to the prediction of rock burst grades. In order to estimate the risk grades of rock burst, an integrated method combining principal component analysis (PCA) and sparrow search algorithm (SSA) with probabilistic neural network (PNN) was proposed. Considering that the in situ stress of rock mass, the strength of rock, and the strength of rock mass are the key influencing factors of rock bursts, the maximum in situ stress σ max , maximum tangential stress σ θ , rock strength σ ci , rock mass strength σ cm , and three rock burst evaluation indexes ( σ θ / σ ci , σ ci / σ max , and σ cm / σ max ) were selected to constitute the rock burst grade evaluation index system. Forty-three groups of rock burst engineering data were gathered. After preprocessing the rock burst data using PCA, four of the new linearly independent indexes PCA1, PCA2, PCA3, and PCA4 were obtained for estimating rock burst grades. The SSA was utilized to optimize the smoothing factor in the PNN. Using PCA-SSA-PNN-based architecture, a new multi-index rock burst grade prediction method was proposed. The results from the new multi-index rock burst grade prediction method were compared with those from single- and multi-index prediction methods. It shows that the predictions from the multi-index rock burst prediction methods are closer to the actual rock burst grades than that from the single-index rock burst prediction methods; compared with other multi-index rock burst prediction methods, the prediction accuracy of PCA-SSA-PNN is greater (up to 90%) and more available in the prediction of rock burst grades. The results presented herein may provide reference for the rock burst warning.
Exploring the Influence of Parental Literacy Status on the Implementation of Dance Movement Therapy for Motor Skill Development in Children with Intellectual Disability in India

This paper focuses on examining the influence of parental literacy status in the implementation of Dance Movement Therapy (DMT) for the development of motor skills in children with intellectual disabilities in India. The study aims to explore the potential impact of parental literacy on engagement, participation, and outcomes of DMT interventions, ultimately informing strategies to optimize therapy effectiveness. The research incorporates the use of the Behavioral Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (Basic-MR, Part A) to assess the impact of parental literacy on the outcomes of DMT interventions. Literacy status of parents, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like India, can significantly affect various aspects of a child's development, including their access to education, healthcare, and therapies. However, there is limited research exploring the specific role of parental literacy in the context of DMT interventions for children with intellectual disabilities in India. This study adopts a mixed-methods research design, combining quantitative measurements and qualitative insights. A sample of children with intellectual disabilities, aged between 7 and 15 years, will be recruited from special education schools from Odisha, India. The DMT intervention will be carried out over a designated period, with trained dance movement therapists tailoring the sessions to meet the individual needs and abilities of the children. The impact of the intervention will be evaluated using the Behavioral Assessment Scales for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (Basic-MR, Part A), which provides a comprehensive assessment of motor skills including locomotor and object control skills. Quantitative data, including pre- and post-intervention assessments, will be analyzed to determine the influence of parental literacy on motor skill development outcomes. This study aims to enhance our understanding of how parental literacy status influences the implementation of DMT and motor skill development in children with intellectual disabilities in India. By recognizing the impact of parental literacy and addressing potential challenges, the study aims to optimize the effectiveness of DMT interventions for children with intellectual disabilities. The findings will have practical implications for therapists, educators, policymakers, and other stakeholders involved in culturally sensitive intervention programs, promoting comprehensive motor skill development in children with intellectual disabilities in India.