Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of methylome evolution in 1 primates 2

8 While the investigation of the epigenome becomes increasingly important, still little is known about the 9 long-term evolution of epigenetic marks and systematic investigation strategies are still lacking. Here, 10 we systematically demonstrate the transfer of classic phylogenetic methods such as maximum likelihood 11 based on substitution models, parsimony, and distance-based to interval-scaled epigenetic data. Using a 12 great apes blood data set, we demonstrate that DNA methylation is evolutionarily conserved at the level 13 of individual CpGs in promotors, enhancers, and genic regions. Our analysis also reveals that this 14 epigenomic conservation is significantly correlated with its transcription factor binding density. Binding 15 sites for transcription factors involved in neuron differentiation and components of AP-1 evolve at a 16 significantly higher rate at methylation than at the nucleotide level. Moreover, our models suggest an 17 accelerated epigenomic evolution at binding sites of BRCA1, CBX2, and factors of the polycomb 18 repressor 2 complex in humans. For most genomic regions, the methylation-based reconstruction of 19 phylogenetic trees is at par with sequence-based reconstruction. Most strikingly, phylogenetic 20 reconstruction using methylation rates in enhancer regions was ineffective independently of the chosen 21 model. We identify a set of phylogenetically uninformative CpG sites enriched in enhancers controlling 22 immune-related genes.
A Crowd-sourced Method for Real-time Detection and Localization of Unexpected Events

—In this paper, a Real-Time Smart and Quick Unexpected-Event Detect (RT-SQUED) method is proposed to detect and localize unexpected events, such as trafﬁc accidents, in real-time, assuming crowd sourcing with smartphone devices. The authors previously proposed the SQUED, a crowd-sourced system for detection and localization of unexpected events from smartphone-sensor data. When SQUED users ﬁnd an event, they point their smartphones toward a direction of the event. SQUED can detect the location and the time of the event using the smartphone-sensor data. However, the SQUED method is difﬁcult to scale because of its computational cost problem. Therefore, it becomes difﬁcult to detect events in real-time. Our new method, called RT-SQUED, solves this problem using concurrent two-phase processing. RT-SQUED is composed of rough and concrete processing phases. In this paper, effectiveness of RT-SQUED is also discussed.
Ligand Binding Pocket Formed by Evolutionarily Conserved Residues in the GLP-1 Receptor Core Domain

conserved extracellular loop 3. Conclusion Ligand binding pocket formed by evolutionarily conserved residues in the GLP1R core domain. the mechanism underlying interaction ABSTRACT Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis through its receptor GLP1R. Due to its multiple beneficial effects, GLP-1 has gained great attention for treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction of GLP-1 with the heptahelical core domain of GLP1R conferring high affinity ligand binding and ligand-induced receptor activation. Here, using chimeric and point-mutated GLP1R, we determined that the evolutionarily conserved amino acid residue Arg 380 flanked by hydrophobic Leu 379 and Phe 381 in extracellular loop (ECL) 3 may have an interaction with as Asp 9 and Gly 4 of the GLP-1 peptide. The molecular modeling study showed that Ile 196 at transmembrane helix 2, Met 233 at ECL1, and Asn 302 at ECL2 of GLP1R have contacts with His 1 and Thr 7 of GLP-1. This study may shed light on the mechanism underlying high affinity interaction between the ligand and the binding pocket that is formed by these conserved residues in the GLP1R core domain. ______________________________________
Spéciation de l’arsenic dans les produits de la pêche par couplage HPLC/ICP-MS. Estimation de sa bioaccessibilité en ligne et applications à d'autres éléments traces métalliques d'intérêt

L'arsenic est un element present dans tous les compartiments de l'environnement, et les produits de la peche representent une source majeure d'exposition a l'arsenic par le biais de l'alimentation. Meme s'il n'existe pas a ce jour de legislation sur les teneurs en arsenic dans les aliments en France, les agences gouvernementales evaluent generalement les risques lies a la presence d'arsenic dans les produits de la peche en se basant essentiellement sur la concentration totale de l'element, sans tenir compte des differentes especes presentes ni de leur bioaccessibilite. Par consequent, le developpement de methodes d'analyse de speciation revet un interet particulier dans le cadre de l'evaluation des risques. La premiere partie de ce memoire presente des informations generales sur les proprietes de l'arsenic, son occurrence dans les differents compartiments de l'environnement et sa toxicite, ainsi qu'une etude bibliographique des methodes analytiques existantes pour etudier la speciation de l'arsenic dans les matrices alimentaires, en particulier les produits de la peche (extraction et separation/detection). Les differentes approches pour l'evaluation de sa bioaccessibilite et de celle d'autres elements traces metalliques d'interet sont egalement presentees. La deuxieme partie de ces travaux porte sur la validation d'une methode d'analyse de speciation des principales especes d'arsenic dans les produits la peche (As(III), MA,DMA, As(V), AsB, TMAO, AsC) par couplage entre la chromatographie d'echange d'ions (IEC) et la spectrometrie de masse a plasma induit (ICP-MS) apres extraction assistee par micro-ondes (MAE). L'evaluation des performances analytiques de la methode, les controles qualites internes et externes mis en place et les differentes applications, en particulier les donnees d'occurrence des differentes especes d'arsenic dans les produits de la peche les plus consommes par la population francaise sont presentes et discutes. Dans la troisieme partie, la bioaccessibilite maximale de l'arsenic et d'autres elements d'interet est estimee a l'aide d'une methode de lixiviation en ligne (impliquant la mesure en temps reel par ICP-MS de la fraction liberee par les differents fluides digestifs artificiels). La combinaison de ce procede avec la methode d'analyse de speciation validee permet ainsi d'estimer la bioaccessibilite des differentes especes d'arsenic.
Copper and its inorganic compounds

of the NOAEL of 9 mg body weight and day to a concentration in the corresponding species-spe-cific correction values for the and the assumed oral absorption (30%), the body and and by The copper concentration calculated from this is 7.9 mg/m 3 . As the 790-fold di ﬀ erence between the calculated NOAEC for developmental toxicity for rabbits and the MAK value of 0.01 mg cop-per/m 3 for the respirable is su ﬃ ciently large, the classification of copper and its inorganic compounds in Pregnancy Risk C has been retained.
THE EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON FLOWERING AND FRUIT FORMATION OF FIVE OKRA GENOTYPES IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA

The effects of drought stress on flowering time and fruit formation in okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) were investigated. Two landraces and three improved genotypes of okra were exposed to two distinct drought stress conditions (moderate and severe) and a normal watering regime. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with two replicates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences among the genotypes for some of the characters studied. The genotypes variously exhibited characteristic responses and useful traits that can be attributed to drought tolerance, including early flowering, late flowering, high chlorophyll content, and post-drought recovery. The variability in the timing of reproductive maturity as observed in this study strongly suggests earliness or delayed flowering as an efficient escape mechanisms in okra to mitigate the impact of drought on fruit production and, consequently, yield. All the varieties exhibited some ability to recover from drought damage after water was reapplied to previously stressed plants.
The Influence of Packaging Design on Buying Behavior of Women in Lalitpur Metropolitan City for Cosmetic Products

Perception of the consumer towards the selection of cosmetic products is influenced by the packaging of the product. However, an empirical research on understanding how visual effects of packaging influence women’ consequent product and brand evaluation is scant. This study examines the buying behavior toward the effect of visual packaging on perceived product’s quality, product’s value, and brand preference. A self-administered questionnaire developed from the literature was used to conduct the response survey in January 2020 on Psatan area where response of 315 women-participants were received during the survey. The empirical results show that attitudes towards visual packaging have the major influence on perception towards product quality and brand preference on buying behavior. Moreover, classic and simple style packaging is popular in Nepalese context. Furthermore, consumers in Lalitpur City were not different than consumers from other cities.
The impact of soil and vegetation management on the rehabilitation of ecosystem services in almond orchards

: This study examines the use of green manure, no-tillage and compost to improve nutrient cycling and plant species richness. Therefore we conducted a full factorial design with four treatments in five almond plantations. The treatments include the business as usual management, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), compost (CM) and green manure (GM). Soil enzymatic activity was used as a proxy for nutrient cycling and plant richness and cover for habitat provisioning. Phosphatase activity increased with 50% in the alternative treatments, and the activity of glucosidase was twice as high in CM compared to CT. Plant species richness was highest in NT, but the vegetation cover was found to be equal in GM and NT. To conclude, implementing green manure, no-tillage and compost application on a monoculture almond farm appear to be effective strategies to improve ecosystem services provided on the farm, such as nutrient cycling and plant species conservation. The impact of soil on the services in almond orchards. Abstract This study examines the use of green manure, no-tillage and compost to improve nutrient cycling and plant species richness. Therefore we conducted a full factorial design with four treatments in five almond plantations. The treatments include the business as usual management, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT), compost (CM) and green manure (GM). Soil enzymatic activity was used as a proxy for nutrient cycling and plant richness and cover for habitat provisioning. Phosphatase activity increased with 50% in the alternative treatments, and the activity of glucosidase was twice as high in CM compared to CT. Plant species richness was highest in NT, but the vegetation cover was found to be equal in GM and NT. To conclude, implementing green manure, no-tillage and compost application on a monoculture almond farm appear to be effective strategies to improve ecosystem services provided on the farm, such as nutrient cycling and plant species conservation.
Scientific Opinion on Norovirus (NoV) in oysters: methods, limits and control options 1

The most effective public health measure to control human NoV infection from oyster consumption is to produce oysters from areas which are not faecally contaminated, particularly given the ineffectiveness of current depuration and relaying procedures. acceptability of test performance against established quality control criteria. Quantitation is based on a plasmid DNA calibration curve for each assay (NoV GI, NoV GII) with plasmid DNA concentration measured using spectrometry at 260nm. Results are reported in the standardised form of detectable virus genome copies per gram of digestive gland. Formal validation studies are planned to characterise the method according to the international requirements.
Third Trimester Growth and Growth Outcomes in SGA Infants 1 Increasing Sample Sizes in Studies of Fetal Growth Pathology

Any investigation of fetal growth pathology begins with the selection of a method for identifying those individuals with evidence of this abnormality. For the current study, Individualized Growth Assessment [IGA] was chosen because of its many advantageous properties (1), particularly its ability to provide individualized size trajectories and predict birth characteristics (2,3). It can also quantify growth pathology in different anatomical parameters and combine them to form composite parameters (4). Despite these favorable characteristics, IGA has been used primarily to evaluate neonatal growth outcomes (3, 5-11) and only rarely abnormal growth in the 3 trimester (12-14). In all these studies, the number of cases with growth abnormalities has been below 50, regardless of how defined.
Spatiotemporal Activities in Human Brain during Recognizing Ambiguous Figure

—To treat higher order brain dysfunction, it is necessary to identify the location of each function. In Japan, a super-aging society is progressing, and many dysfunctions such as cer-ebral infarction have occurred. The fMRI analysis is not enough to identify the position of dysfunction in detail. The authors had tried to elucidate higher order brain functions. In the paper, the authors have measured electroencephalograms (EEGs) from subjects (MK and RE) who were observing four images of ambiguous monochrome line pictures. The equivalent current dipole source localization (ECDL) method has been applied to those Event Related Potentials (ERPs): averaged EEGs by each figures and trials. The paper reports the comparison results of “Saxophone player and Girl’s face. ” In the case of the Saxophone player, the process was done over a latency from 400ms to 1000ms, however for the Girl’s face image, the corresponding process was completed relatively quickly and ended the latency around 800ms. Especially in the case of Girl’s face, ECDs were localized to the right and the left angular gyrus (AnG) around 370ms and to the right post central gyrus (PstCG) around 415ms, then by way of language areas, ECDs were localized again to the right and the left AnG around 520ms. It has been clarified in our previous study that activities on the angular gyrus (AnG) are important to discriminate the unusual shape of presented images. This fact is confirmed also in this work.
Equivariant Tamagawa Numbers and Non-Commutative Fitting Invariants

Sulfonium salts of the formulae I to IV (I) (II) (III) (IV) in which A is C1-C12 alkyl, C3-C8cycloalkyl, C4-C10cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by C1-C8alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy, halogen, nitro, phenyl, phenoxy, alkoxycarbonyl having 1-4 C atoms in the alkoxy radical or acyl having 1-12 C atoms, Ar, Ar1 and Ar2, independently of one another, are each unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted phenyl, or naphthyl which is unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted each arylene is an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted phenylene or unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted naphthylene and Q(-) is SbF6-, AsF6- or SbF5OH- are valuable curing agents and curing accelerators in the heat-curing of cationically polymerizable compounds, preferably epoxy resins.
Memory Enhancing Effect of Low-dose Sevoﬂurane Does Not Occur in Basolateral Amygdala–lesioned Rats

Background: Certain anesthetics might enhance aversive memory at doses around 0.1 minimum alveolar concentration. This issue was investigated in a rat model of learning and memory. In addition, evidence for basolateral amygdala (BLA) involvement in mediating memory enhancement was sought. Methods: First, the memory-enhancing potential of various anesthetics was determined. Rats underwent single-trial inhibitory avoidance training (0.3 mA shock/1 s) during exposure to air, 0.11% sevoﬂurane, 0.10% halothane, 0.77% desﬂurane, or 0.12% isoﬂurane. Memory was assessed at 24 h. Second, the BLA contribution to sevoﬂurane memory enhancement was determined. Rats received bilateral excitotoxic N -methyl- D -aspartate (12.5 mg in 0.2 (cid:1) l per BLA) lesions of the BLA 1 week before training. Memory of lesioned and control rats was compared 24 h after training in air or sevoﬂurane. Results: Sevoﬂurane exposure during training signiﬁcantly enhanced 24-h retention performance for both nonoperated and sham-operated rats ( P < 0.005 for both vs. their respective controls). Halothane, but not desﬂurane or isoﬂurane, also enhanced retention performance ( P < 0.05). However, halo-thane-induced hyperalgesia during learning clouds interpreting enhanced retention performance solely as a memory consolidation effect. BLA lesions signiﬁcantly reduced and equalized retention performance for both sevoﬂurane- and air-exposed animals. Lesions blocked memory enhancement without also causing a generalized inability to learn, because additional training revealed essentially normal task acquisition and 24-h memory. Conclusions: Sevoﬂurane enhances aversive memory formation in the rat. The BLA likely contributes to this effect. The risk of aversive memory formation may be enhanced during exposure to low-dose sevoﬂurane.
Personalized POI recommendation using deep reinforcement learning

As an important location based service, next Point-Of-Interest (POI) recommendation has been widely utilized in helping people discover attractive and interesting locations. However, the sparsity of check-in data, the cold start issue and complicated contextual and semantic relationships between users and POIs bring severe challenges. To cope with these challenges, we develop a novel deep reinforcement learning based personalized POI recommendation framework. Within the proposed framework, a joint graph embedding model is proposed to compute users ’ dynamic preferences, accounting for inter-user relationships, historical check-in sequence, and category information of visited POIs. We are working on the experiments of applying the proposed POI recommendation framework on two typical real-world location-based social network datasets.
Structure of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Inferred from the Physics of Tidal Breakup

Abstract Detailed consideration of possible fragmentation mechanisms shows that Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (SL9) had negligible effective strength, even in comparison with tide and self-gravity, by the time it attained perijove in 1992. This reduces the tidal physics to a computable basis: we model the elongation of this “rubble-pile,” and the onset of the instability which created a chain of gravitationally bound clumps, using an N -body code with self-gravity and simple collisions. Gravitational clumping depends only on the density ρ c of the progenitor (for a given orbit), and chain length then scales linearly with initial diameter d c . We thus constrain from chain morphology that ρ c ≈ 0.6 g cm −3 and from chain length that d c ≈ 1.5 km. Our numerical results accurately match analytical derivations for the threshold of tidal breakup, and lead to general relations for erosion and disruption of strengthless or regolith-covered bodies. For a given random encounter, we show that a rubble-pile comet, or one mantled in deep regolith, is half as likely to be destroyed by tides as it is to impact an outer planet. Because of their similar density ratio, the same holds true for rubble-pile asteroids encountering terrestrial planets. Split comets such as SL9 near Saturn are unlikely: the required periapses intersect the planet.
Designing and Synthesis of Some Transition Metal Complexes Derived from Schiff Bases for Anti-Bacterial Activity

Condensation of salicylaldehyde with D-alanine and L-serine was carried out to obtain Schiff bases and treated with various metal chlorides to form metal complex derivatives. The metals chlorides used for the preparation of metal complexes derivatives were copper, cobalt, iron, manganese, and zinc, respectively and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and LC-MS. Hence, a total of ten metal complexes derivatives was synthesized and screened for some tested bacterium organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi . The synthesized metal complexes derivatives showed significant activity compared with Schiff base and ciprofloxacin used as standard. The synthesized metal complexes derivatives showed a good effect on the selected antibacterial strains, indicating that the activity was depending on the structure of the compound. Amongst the selected five metals, cobalt showed the good antibacterial activity followed by other metals in dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent. The Schiff bases synthesized also showed significant antibacterial activity.
Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2, Metalloproteinases-9, and Endothelial Dysfunction with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Left Ventricular Mass Index in Children with End-Stage Renal Disease

Background and Aim: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been recognized as a major cause of death among children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and endothelial dysfunction play a significant role in the development of CVD in these children. This study was conducted to assess the association of MMP-2 and 9 and endothelial dysfunction markers (sE-selectin and brachial flow mediated dilatation (FMD)) with carotid intima media thickness (c-IMT) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Methods: Thirty-one pediatric ESRD patients and 18 healthy controls were included in this research. The case and control groups were matched in terms of sex and age. Serum levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, sE-selectin, and other biochemical parameters were measured. Brachial FMD, c-IMT and LVMI were also measured in the two groups. Results: C-IMT had a positive correlation with diastolic blood pressure, MMP-2, MMP-9, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, phosphorus, PTH, and calcium × phosphorus (Ca × P) product, and a negative correlation with FMD, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and calcium. LVMI demonstrated correlations with systolic blood pressure, MMP-2, FMD, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, phosphorus, PTH, and Ca × P product. The area under the curve (AUC) in ROC curve analysis was used to determine the abnormal c-IMT and LVH values for MMP-2, which was 0.76 and 0.71, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: C-IMT and LVMI are two major CVD markers in pediatric ESRD patients. These two markers correlated with MMP-2, MMP-9 and endothelial dysfunction markers. According to this study, MMP-2 may determine abnormal c-IMT and LVH in ESRD children.
Projecting onto a polytope simplies data distributions

This paper, deals with projections (in a general sense) onto a polytope. First, we dene our notion of face (which corresponds to the relative interior of usual polyhedron faces) and dene the rank of a face (it corresponds to its co-dimension). Then, we show that, if we modify the scaling of the polytope and shrink it, we have more and more chances for the projected point to be on a face with a large rank. More precisely, if the data distribution is uniform in a convex compact set and the polytope shrinks toward a point in the interior of this set, we give the probability for the projected point to have a given rank. The behavior of these probabilities shows that solutions with a larger rank becomes more likely as the polyhedron size shrinks. The main consequence of this result is that such projections can be used to simplify a complex data set. The projection is indeed likely to belong to a set whose dimensionality is much smaller than the initial dimensionality of the data distribution. We also interpret those results in the context of practical algorithm of image processing : image compression, applications of the Basis Pursuit norm and total variation regularization.