Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-sectional study

According to the International Diabetes Federation, Turkey will be among the top 10 countries in the world with the highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2045, with a speculated number of cases of 10.4 million. This study aimed to predict the 10-year risk of type 2 DM in a Turkish population, assess potential factors of the 10-year risk of DM, and assess the outcomes of Turkey’s 2015 to 2020 program for DM. Individuals aged 20–64years were categorized and stratified according to age (in ranges of 5years), sex, and populations of family medicine centers to reflect the whole population. The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, sociodemographic characteristics, body fat, muscle, bone ratio, blood pressure, and waist-to-height ratio were evaluated. We found that 9.5% (n=71) of the population aged 20 to 64years will have DM within the next 10years. Low levels of education (odds ratio [OR]: 2.054; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011–4.174), smoking cessation (OR: 2.636; 95% CI: 1.260–5.513), a waistto-height ratio>0.5 (OR: 6.885; 95%CI: 2.301–20.602), body fat percentage (OR: 1.187; 95%CI: 1.130–1.247), high systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.009–1.041), and alcohol consumption (beta-estimation: 0.690; OR: 0.501; 95% CI: 0.275–0.914) affect the 10-year risk of type 2 DM. Individuals at risk for DM can be easily identified using risk assessment tools in primary care; however, there is no active screening program in the healthcare system, and only proposals exist. In addition to screening, preventive measures should focus on raising awareness of DM, reducing body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure, and decreasing the waist-to-height ratio to <0.5. Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index, BP= blood pressure, DM= diabetes mellitus, FINDRISC = Finnish Diabetes Risk Score, GDM = gestational diabetes mellitus, OR = odds ratio, T2 DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of spatial distribution of Hormuz salt on deformation style in the Zagros fold and thrust belt: an analogue modelling approach

Scaled analogue models of thin-skinned simultaneous shortening above adjacent viscous and frictional décollements simulate the effect of Hormuz salt on the shortening in the Zagros fold and thrust belt. The models consisted of sand layers that partly overlay a viscous layer of silicone and were shortened from one end. Spatial distribution of the viscous décollement varied along strike and dip, as occurs in part of the Zagros fold and thrust belt. In this belt, Phanerozoic sedimentary cover was shortened partly above the Hormuz salt lying on the Precambrian crystalline basement, behaving as a basal viscous décollement. Model results display how the nature of the décollement affects the evolution of an orogenic belt. Using model results, we explain the development of deflection zones, and discuss strain partitioning, formation of different topographic wedges and differential sedimentation along the Zagros fold and thrust belt. Model results suggest the formation of a gentle taper, consisting of both foreward and backward thrusts above a viscous décollement and a relatively steeper taper consisting only of forward-vergent imbricates above a frictional décollement. However, in our models, the steepest wedge with the highest topography formed where the viscous substrate had a limited extent with a transitional boundary (pinch-out) perpendicular to the shortening direction. Shortening of this boundary led to development of frontal ramps associated with significant uplift of the area behind the deformation front.
Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to “ L-tug lycopene ” and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation ( EC ) No 1924 / 2006

Following an application from Lycotec Ltd, submitted pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of the United Kingdom, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to “L-tug lycopene” and reduction of blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. The food constituent that is the subject of the claim is L-tug lycopene (i.e. Lyc-O-Mato® embedded in fat-rich matrices by a manufacturing process claimed as proprietary and confidential by the applicant). The Panel considers that the food constituent, L-tug lycopene, which is the subject of the claim, is sufficiently characterised. The Panel considers that reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol concentrations is a beneficial physiological effect. A reduction in blood LDLcholesterol concentrations reduces the risk of CHD. The Panel notes that the unpublished studies submitted to support the claim were exploratory in nature and insufficient information was provided to allow the scientific evaluation of these studies. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of L-tug lycopene and reduction of blood LDL-cholesterol. © European Food Safety Authority, 2015
Caledonian structuring of the Silurian succession at Sundvollen, Ringerike, southern Norway

The main scientific goal with this thesis is to study the configuration of the main Caledonian geological structures within the Lower Silurian succession, with emphasis on back-thrusts at Sundvollen, Ringerike in southern Norway. This involves determination of the relationship between main- and subsidiary thrusts and folding in context to the development of the Ringerike area. Four separate deformational phases connected to the study area are identified based on analysis of the structural geological data. Phase 1 represents the oldest structures, whilst phase 4 represents the youngest. Thrust faults and folds connected to deformational phase 1 are associated with bedding-parallel shortening. The development of tight- to isoclinal, disharmonic folds with upright axial planes is defined as deformational phase 2. Structures connected to deformational phase 3 are foreland-directed thrust faults and large, open and upright folds with wavelengths in the order of hundreds of meters. The orientation of the maximum stress axes indicated by structures associated to phase 1 are generally consistent with what is known for the regional transport in the Oslo Region. The transport directions displayed by the structures comprising phases 2 and 3 are consistent with the main SSE-directed tectonic transport direction displayed in the Oslo Region (e.g Gabrielsen and Larsen in press). Deformational phase 4 comprises back-thrusts. Structures connected to this phase are low-angle thrust faults and fault-propagation-folds. The transport direction of the faults shifts gradually from N-NNW in the southern part of the study area to WNW-NW in the northernmost part. The generally gentle deformational style, characterized by large open folds as displayed in the study area, is consistent with the general structural style in the upper Cambro-Silurian succession in the Oslo Region (Morley 1987a). Back-thrusts are however the most dominant of the exposed thrust faults in the study area. All structures are situated in the Lower Silurian succession at Ringerike. Therefore are phases 1-4 formed in response to the Scandian phase, which corresponds to the main Caledonian deformation (e.g Roberts 2003).
Water Governance and Pollution Control in Peri-Urban Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: The Challenges Facing Farmers and Opportunities for Change

Encompassing both urban and rural processes, the peri-urban interface (PUI) provides a unique and challenging arena for environmental management. As the urban core expands, the PUI industrializes and urbanizes, undergoing rapid social, economic, and environmental changes. One of the results of this transformation is often an increase in pollutants and environmental degradation. In the twenty years since the initiation of its reforms towards a more market-oriented economy, Vietnam has seen significant growth, much of this occurring within the industrial sector in and around urban hubs such as Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Rapid urbanization and industrialization has occurred with limited control, and a trend has emerged where industrial activity has moved out of the urban core and into the PUI. Despite ongoing efforts, the government of Vietnam, as in other Asian countries, is unable to fully regulate firms illegally releasing untreated and often highly polluted wastewater. The result is that farmers in HCMC’s PUI must now contend with lower crop yields or even failures – and food safety concerns due to an influx of pollutants in irrigation waters. Combining a rights-based approach and a good governance approach, this research describes the constraints on both farmers and government officials that prevent a resolution of farmers’ pollution problems. These constraints are argued to stem from systemic water governance issues in Ho Chi Minh City and Vietnam. They include poor communication between farmers and government officials, limited farmer participation in water management, a lack of integration between government agencies, little government accountability and transparency, and water management priorities that favour economic growth over environmental health. It is argued that strengthening farmers’ water rights could address these issues. However using a rights based approach would first require addressing gender inequities in community affairs, institutional changes to ensure the recognition of farmers’ rights in practice, compensating those harmed by pollution, and educating farmers on the legal system and the water rights it provides. In addition to addressing a general lack of literature on water governance in Vietnam, this research has implications for literature regarding peri-urban environmental management, good water governance, and the rights based approach. This research suggests that the challenges present in the PUI exacerbate and thus illuminate poor water governance practices that extend beyond the local scale. It also suggests that water rights be used as a possible platform to achieve good water governance. Lastly, it explores the potential challenges of implementing a rights based approach.
Magnitude and potential causes of mortality in four lake whitefish populations in Lakes Michigan and Huron: a multidisciplinary approach

Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824 Quantitative Fisheries Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824 National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada 867 Lakeshore Road, P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6 Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824 Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority 179 W. Three Mile Road, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783 USGS-BRD, Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory 176 Straight Run Road, Wellsboro, PA 16901
Vision Transformer in Oral Cancer Detection

Oral cancer is a malignancy that can manifest in multiple areas of the mouth, including the tongue, lips, oral mucosa, gums, floor of the mouth, and other soft tissues. Despite the development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic methods, the incidence and prevalence of oral cancer continue to be a cause for concern. This condition can have devastating effects on patients, including significant physical and emotional distress. Detecting oral cancer at an early stage can improve a patient's chances of survival and reduce the need for aggressive treatment. In recent years, machine learning techniques have demonstrated promising results in the detection of oral cancer. This research aims to explore the role of vision transformers in oral cancer classification as benign and malignant. The results obtained from the vision transformer are compared with Machine learning techniques like SVM, extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Random Forest. Overall, the results show that ViT outperformed SVM, Random Forest, and XGBoost in oral cancer detection and stage classification with an accuracy of 96.7%. The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of ViT are higher than other methods. The findings of the research show that all four machine learning methods examined can produce high precision rates in detecting oral cancer, with the Vision Transformer technique achieving superior results as vision transformers are designed to capture global context information in images. The proposed system has great potential to advance the precision and efficiency of oral cancer diagnosis, which can lead to more prompt and effective treatment.
An Approach to Linear Modeling of CMUTs: A Review

In this work, an introduction to the technology of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs), based on its fundamental principles and small-signal modeling, is presented. The aim is to summarize the equations leading to lumped elements of the small-signal equivalent circuit through the conventional electrostatic transducer analysis; a parallel-plate capacitor with a movable plate, such modeling allows the designer insight into understanding more complex CMUT models. Furthermore, the material properties and geometry of the CMUT are proposed for concept validation purposes. As a result of it, approximate values of 150V and 1MHz are obtained for the collapse voltage and the natural frequency respectively. Finally, the small-signal model is implemented in Cadence Virtuoso, its operation as a transmitter is evaluated, where the model captures the spring softening effect, as well as different propagation media of the ultrasonic waves, which effects are consistent with the small-signal model behavior reported up to now.
An empirical multi-wall NLOS ranging model for Wi-Fi RTT indoor positioning

This paper proposes a novel empirical non-line-of-sight (NLOS) ranging model, called a multi-wall model, for Wi-Fi round-trip-time (RTT) indoor positioning. It is purposely designed to account for NLOS ranging biases due to through-wall signal propagation in complex indoor environments. Also, a low-order polynomial term is added to capture unmodeled NLOS effects. The model takes a 2D geometry floor plan as prior input and learns its parameters from a few on-site training data. It is evaluated by experiments using a large public RTT dataset and our self-collected data and compared to the naive LOS ranging, the polynomial-based empirical model, and a data-driven model. Results show that our model has superior NLOS-ranging performance. At last, we show the application of our model in fingerprinting-based RTT positioning with experiments.
Allocation patterns of above-and below-ground biomass of Caragana microphylla in Horqin Sandy Land,North China

Taking the 4-and 18-year-old artificial plantations and the natural stand of Caragana microphylla in Horqin Sandy Land as the objects,and through digging root system by layers,this paper investigated the features of C. microphylla root distribution in different vegetation zones, and studied the responses of C. microphylla in its biomass allocation,root / shoot ratio,and root distribution to dry environment. The C. microphylla tended to allocate more biomass to roots. Among the three vegetation zones,natural stand and 4 years old artificial plantation had the largest and the smallest proportion of below-ground biomass,respectively. The root biomass decreased gradually with soil depth,and the roots were mainly distributed in the 0-100 cm soil lay- er. The biomass of the absorptive roots of 4 years old C. microphylla plantation was more distributed in surface soil layer,being significantly greater than that of 18 years old plantation and natural stand ( P0. 05) in 0-50 cm soil layer. However,the 18 years old plantation and the natural stand had more absorptive root biomass in 50-100 cm soil layer. The conductive root biomass of natural stand in 50 -100 cm soil layer was significantly greater than that of 4- and 18-year-old plantations. The relationships between the above-and below-ground biomass allocations of C. microphylla were characterized by allometry model.
Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties of an Asian Dust and Haze Episodes Observed at Seoul in 2010

This study investigated physicochemical and optical characteristics for three episodes of Asian dust, stagnant haze and long-range transport haze and for one clean day. PM10 mass concentration during Asian dust and two haze days was increased by 2~9 times compared to that of clean episode. During Asian dust episode, coarse particle concentration was increased and the mass concentration of calcium in a coarse mode (1.8~10 μm) was 5.4 μg/m which was 7 times higher than that of clean episode. The calcium was presented as a form of CaCO3 in a coarse mode. During the two haze episodes, fine particle (⁄1.8 μm) concentration was increased and secondary inorganic pollutants such as sulfate, ammonium and nitrate composed of 90% of the total ions. (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 were dominant in a fine mode for stagnant haze episode. But they were the most dominant form in both fine mode and coarse mode for long-range transport haze episode. According to the optical properties for each episode (Asian dust, stagnant haze and long-range transport haze) were classified as dust, black carbon and mixture, respectively.
A construction of Einstein solvmanifolds not based on nilsolitons

We construct indefinite Einstein solvmanifolds that are standard, but not of pseudo-Iwasawa type. Thus, the underlying Lie algebras take the form $\mathfrak{g}\rtimes_D\mathbb{R}$, where $\mathfrak{g}$ is a nilpotent Lie algebra and $D$ is a nonsymmetric derivation. Considering nonsymmetric derivations has the consequence that $\mathfrak{g}$ is not a nilsoliton, but satisfies a more general condition. Our construction is based on the notion of nondiagonal triple on a nice diagram. We present an algorithm to classify nondiagonal triples and the associated Einstein metrics. With the use of a computer, we obtain all solutions up to dimension $5$, and all solutions in dimension $\leq8$ that satisfy an additional technical restriction. By comparing curvatures, we show that the Einstein solvmanifolds of dimension $\leq 5$ that we obtain by our construction are not isometric to a standard extension of a nilsoliton.
Interventions : Considering the Role of Development and Maturation in Rehabilitation Planning

The need for post-acute neurorehabilitation after childhood acquired brain injury is increasingly recognized but recent reviews highlight the limited evidence-base and lack of a neuropsychological treatment model. Evidence from different fields was reviewed to inform the development of a pediatric neurocognitive interventions (PNI) model. The review included literature from child neuropsychology, adult neuropsychology, cognitive neuroscience, learning disabilities, education, and mental health. The resulting PNI model provides a systematic approach to delivering and evaluating appropriate care while minimizing the obstacles to successful outcomes. The model emphasizes the role of development and cognitive maturation in the planning of rehabilitation. Areas that represent significant gaps in our knowledge are discussed and future research directions are suggested based on predictions generated by the proposed model. Keywords: children, brain injury, cognitive rehabilitation. Abbreviations: ABI: acquired brain injury; CABI: childhood acquired brain injury; PNI: pediatric neurocognitive interventions; TBI: traumatic brain injury. A Model for Pediatric Neurocognitive Interventions
Structure from Motion Based on Line-Line Intersections

Conventional Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques typically rely on the extraction and matching of image feature points. However, the effectiveness of such methods is often compromised when faced with challenges presented by textureless or cross-modal images. To address these limitations, this research presents a novel SfM approach centered around the utilization of coplanar line segments and their intersections. Our method capitalizes on coplanar line segment matching to establish intersection point correspondences. Given the frequent occurrence of coplanar lines in real-world scenes, our line segment matching technique offers enhanced accuracy and robustness in comparison to point-based features, especially in scenarios involving textureless images. Importantly, our approach doesn’t necessitate specific positional relationships between line segments, such as parallelism or orthogonality. Empirical findings derived from experiments involving textureless and cross-modal images indicate that our proposed method surpasses existing state-of-the-art techniques in terms of both image matching precision and the accuracy of 3D reconstruction.
22. PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCES FROM THE IRMINGER BASIN 1

Magnetostratigraphic data are presented for Pliocene‐Pleistocene sedimentary sequences recovered at Sites 918 and 919 in the Irminger Basin. Results taken from archive halves of core sections with the shipboard pass-through magnetometer were examined by applying progressive alternating field demagnetization to 88 discrete samples on shore. Some possible polarity chrons, identified from the shipboard results, were recognized as artifacts caused by spurious secondary remanences. Based on downhole inclination variations, clear magnetic reversal patterns, correlative to the geomagnetic polarity time scale, could be defined for both sites, and it provides a firm chronostratigraphic framework for the Pliocene‐Pleistocene sequences. At Site 918, a dramatic change in the sedimentation rate is bounded by a hiatus lasting for about 340 k.y. from about 1.4 to 1.7 Ma. In the Irminger Basin, sedimentation rates may have fluctuated significantly in response to the growth and decay of glaciers in Greenland and changes in the depositional setting.
Identifying Commuting Pattern of Beijing Using Bus Smart Card Data

This paper combines the one-week bus smart card data (SCD) and one-day household travel survey as well as the parcel-level land use map for identifying jobs-housing places and commuting trips in the Beijing Metropolitan Area with an area of 16,410 square kilometers. The identification result is aggregated in the bus stop and traffic analysis zone (TAZ) levels, respectively. In particular, commuting trips with commuting time and distance attached from three typical residence communities and those to five typical business zones are mapped and compared with each other to analyze commuting patterns of Beijing. The identified commuting trips are compared with those in the household travel survey in terms of commuting time and distance, indicating that our results are coincident with the survey significantly. Our approach is proved to have its potential in identifying more solid identification result based on rules extracted from existing surveys or censuses.