Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimization methods for planning in electric power grids

A rise in the rate of population growth leads to higher demand rates for electric power consumption. Therefore, it is necessary that the electrical energy generation, transmission and distribution system be planned in an optimized way, in order to provide an excellent service to the consumer and reduce costs for the supply of electrical energy distribution and transmission. For this, the location and load balancing of each substation is extremely important in the distribution systems. The problem can be modeled as a combinatorial optimization problem. In this paper, we propose an allocation model using the p-median for this problem. The heuristic methods developed, to solve this problem, were based on algorithms from Teitz and Bart (1968), to find the best location of the substations, and Gillett and Jhonson (1976), which it designates demand points to be connected to each substation. Finally, an exact method using the branch-and-bound algorithm was used to compare the computational results. The tests used several scenarios applied to the electrical energy distribution networks in a metropolitan region. The computational results were promising in terms of quality as well as in computational time. Finally, the validated algorithm were applied in a database for planning the transmission sector.
Algorithmic Game Theory and Graphs

v Introduction 1 1 Algorithmic Game Theory . 1 2 Hats, Auction and Derandomization . 3 3 Social Networks . 6 4 Local and Global Properties . 8 1 Hats, Auctions and Derandomization 10 1 Competitive Analysis on Digital Good Auctions . 10 2 A General Derandomization . 12 3 Bi-valued Auctions and a Hat Game . 14 4 Auction Discussion . 22 2 Social Networks 23 1 Bounded Tree Width . 23 2 Algorithm for TSS on Small Treewidth Networks . 26 3 A Lower Bound . 30 4 A Non-Monotone Model . 34 5 Combinatorial Model and Bounds for TSS . 38 3 Local vs. Global 44 1 Local Price of Anarchy . 44 2 A basic bound on the price of anarchy . 49 3 Refinements of the basic bound . 55 4 Monotonicity . 60 5 Structural Properties Conclusion . 62
Existence of Entire Solutions of a Singular Semilinear Elliptic Problem

In this paper, we obtain some existence results for a class of singular semilinear elliptic problems where we improve some earlier results of Zhijun Zhang. We show the existence of entire positive solutions without the monotonic condition imposed in Zhang's paper. The main point of our technique is to choose an approximating sequence and prove its convergence. The desired compactness can be obtained by the Sobolev embedding theorems.
AMPK Activation as a Protective Mechanism to Restrain Oxidative Stress in the Insulin-Resistant State in Skeletal Muscle of Rat Model of PCOS Subjected to Postnatal Overfeeding

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age, often associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Childhood obesity is an important predisposing factor for the development of PCOS later in life. Being particularly interested in the interplay between prepubertal obesity and hyperandrogenemia, we investigated the effects of early postnatal overfeeding, accomplished by reducing litter size during the period of suckling, on energy sensing and insulin signaling pathways in the gastrocnemius muscle of a rat model of PCOS-induced by 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The combination of overfeeding and DHT treatment caused hyperinsulinemia and decreased systemic insulin sensitivity. Early postnatal overfeeding induced defects at critical nodes of the insulin signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, which was associated with reduced glucose uptake in the presence of hyperandrogenemia. In this setting, under a combination of overfeeding and DHT treatment, skeletal muscle switched to mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids, resulting in oxidative stress and inflammation that stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and its downstream targets involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant protection. Overall, a combination of overfeeding and hyperandrogenemia resulted in a prooxidative and insulin-resistant state in skeletal muscle. This was accompanied by the activation of AMPK, which could represent a potential therapeutic target in insulin-resistant PCOS patients.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Butterflies

Climate change had been influencing the world since the industrial revolution when fossil fuels including coal and petroleum were greatly used for industrial and production purposes. Increasing output of greenhouse gases had blocked more heat in the atmosphere, increasing the global temperature. Butterflies, from the class Insecta, had been living for thousands of years. These insects sit in a unique niche, considering their special place as both pollinators and primary consumers. Studying the butterflies will be a good approach to figure out the impact of climate changes on the ecosystems, by studying how butterflies are affected by climate changes, since they adapted and lived for billions of years. The results had shown that while butterflies have a certain extent of phenotypic plasticity to combat climate change, overall, climate change is destroying their lifespan and behaviors, causing losses in populations of butterflies throughout the globe. Our paper gives a rough frame about how, or in what factors, butterflies are influenced by climatic changes. However, more studies are needed to further investigate all the influences climate change conducted on butterflies. Also, more acts need to happen to successfully stop climate change from making butterflies and the biospheres even worse.
Integration of IoT-Enabled Technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Smart City Scenario: Recent Advancements and Future Trends

As the global population grows, and urbanization becomes more prevalent, cities often struggle to provide convenient, secure, and sustainable lifestyles due to the lack of necessary smart technologies. Fortunately, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a solution to this challenge by connecting physical objects using electronics, sensors, software, and communication networks. This has transformed smart city infrastructures, introducing various technologies that enhance sustainability, productivity, and comfort for urban dwellers. By leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to analyze the vast amount of IoT data available, new opportunities are emerging to design and manage futuristic smart cities. In this review article, we provide an overview of smart cities, defining their characteristics and exploring the architecture of IoT. A detailed analysis of various wireless communication technologies employed in smart city applications is presented, with extensive research conducted to determine the most appropriate communication technologies for specific use cases. The article also sheds light on different AI algorithms and their suitability for smart city applications. Furthermore, the integration of IoT and AI in smart city scenarios is discussed, emphasizing the potential contributions of 5G networks coupled with AI in advancing modern urban environments. This article contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the tremendous opportunities presented by integrating IoT and AI, paving the way for the development of smart cities that significantly enhance the quality of life for urban dwellers while promoting sustainability and productivity. By exploring the potential of IoT, AI, and their integration, this review article provides valuable insights into the future of smart cities, demonstrating how these technologies can positively impact urban environments and the well-being of their inhabitants.
Oxidative Stress Is a Concept, Not an Indication for Selective Antioxidant Treatment

The steady-state redox status is physiologically important and therefore homeostatically maintained. Changes in the status result in signaling (eustress) or oxidative damage (distress). Oxidative stress (OS) is a hard-to-quantitate term that can be estimated only based on different biomarkers. Clinical application of OS, particularly for selective antioxidant treatment of people under oxidative stress, requires quantitative evaluation and is limited by the lack of universal biomarkers to describe it. Furthermore, different antioxidants have different effects on the redox state. Hence, as long as we do not have the possibility to determine and quantify OS, therapeutic interventions by the “identify-and-treat” approach cannot be assessed and are, therefore, not likely to be the basis for selective preventive measures against oxidative damage.
The Tumor-Specific Immune Landscape in HPV+ Head and Neck Cancer

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agent of several anogenital cancers as well as head and neck cancers, with HPV+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) becoming a rapidly growing public health issue in the Western world. Due its viral etiology and potentially its subanatomical location, HPV+ HNSCC exhibits an immune microenvironment which is more inflamed and thus distinct from HPV-negative HNSCC. Notably, the antigenic landscape in most HPV+ HNSCC tumors extends beyond the classical HPV oncoproteins E6/7 and is extensively targeted by both the humoral and cellular arms of the adaptive immune system. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of HPV-specific immune responses in patients with HPV+ HNSCC. We highlight the localization, antigen specificity, and differentiation states of humoral and cellular immune responses, and discuss their similarities and differences. Finally, we review currently pursued immunotherapeutic treatment modalities that attempt to harness HPV-specific immune responses for improving clinical outcomes in patients with HPV+ HNSCC.
Normalization and extension of single-collector efficiency correlation equation

The colloidal transport and deposition are important phenomena involved in many engineering problems. In the environmental engineering field the use of micro- and nano-scale zerovalent iron (M-NZVI) is one of the most promising technologies for groundwater remediation. Colloid deposition is normally studied from a micro scale point of view and the results are then implemented in macro scale models that are used to design field-scale applications. The single collector efficiency concept predicts particles deposition onto a single grain of a complex porous medium in terms of probability that an approaching particle would be retained on the solid grain. In literature, many different approaches and equations exist to predict it, but most of them fail under specific conditions (e.g. very small or very big particle size and very low fluid velocity) because they predict efficiency values exceeding unity. By analysing particle fluxes and deposition mechanisms and performing a mass balance on the entire domain, the traditional definition of efficiency was reformulated and a novel total flux normalized correlation equation is proposed for predicting single-collector efficiency under a broad range of parameters. It has been formulated starting from a combination of Eulerian and Lagrangian numerical simulations, performed under Smoluchowski- Levich conditions, in a geometry which consists of a sphere enveloped by a control volume. In order to guarantee the independence of each term, the correlation equation is derived through a rigorous hierarchical parameter estimation process, accounting for single and mutual interacting transport mechanisms. The correlation equation provides efficiency values lower than one over a wide range of parameters and is valid both for point and finite-size particles. A reduced form is also proposed by elimination of the less relevant terms
Wavelet bi‐frames with uniform symmetry

Wavelet bi‐frames with uniform symmetry are discussed in this paper. Every refinable function in the bi‐frame system is symmetric, which is very useful in the image processing and curve and surface multiresolution processing. By the aid of the lifting scheme, bi‐frame multiresolution algorithms can be divided into several iterative steps, and each step can be shown by a symmetric template. The template‐based procedure is established for constructing bi‐frames with uniform symmetry and N > 2 generators. In particular, we take the bi‐frame with three generators as an example to provide a clearer picture of the template‐based procedure for constructing bi‐frames. Three types of bi‐frames with three generators are studied, and some examples with certain smoothness are constructed. These examples include some bi‐frames with interpolating property. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Software Metric Analysis of Open-Source Business Software

Over the past decade, open-source software use has grown. Today, many companies including Google, Microsoft, Meta, RedHat, MongoDB, and Apache are major participants of open-source contributions. With the increased use of open-source software or integration of open-source software into custom-developed software, the quality of this software component increases in importance. This study examined a sample of open-source applications from GitHub. Static software analytics were conducted, and each application was classified for its risk level. In the analyzed applications, it was found that 90% of the applications were classified as low risk or moderate low risk indicating a high level of quality for open-source applications.
Scientific Rationale for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits from Long COVID

Sustained cognitive deficits are a common and debilitating feature of “long COVID”, but currently there are no FDA-approved treatments. The cognitive functions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) are the most consistently afflicted by long COVID, including deficits in working memory, motivation, and executive functioning. COVID-19 infection greatly increases kynurenic acid (KYNA) and glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in brain, both of which can be particularly deleterious to PFC function. KYNA blocks both NMDA and nicotinic-alpha-7 receptors, the two receptors required for dlPFC neurotransmission, and GCPII reduces mGluR3 regulation of cAMP-calcium-potassium channel signaling, which weakens dlPFC network connectivity and reduces dlPFC neuronal firing. Two agents approved for other indications may be helpful in restoring dlPFC physiology: the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine inhibits the production of KYNA, and the α2A-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine regulates cAMP-calcium-potassium channel signaling in dlPFC and is also anti-inflammatory. Thus, these agents may be helpful in treating the cognitive symptoms of long COVID.
Systemic Slow-Release Neem Formulations: The Future of Cabbage Aphids, Brevicoryne brassicae Control

The efficacy and dose-response, residual effect, and effect on the fecundity of neem formulations on cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae applied systemically through root tissues of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea), were studied in the greenhouse. Two formulations were tested; NeemAzal granules containing 7% azadirachtin (AZA), at 75, 150, 225 and 300 mg per kilogram of the substrate and a water-based formulation, NeemAzal-T (1% AZA) at 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 ml/kg of substrate. The efficacy of the neem formulations was dose-dependent, with the highest doses of NeemAzal granules and NeemAzal T, (300 mg and 2.5 ml/kg of substrate) respectively, having up to 0% survival of aphids by 14 days after treatment. The manufacturer’s recommended doses, NeemAzal granules at 150 mg and NeemAzal-T at 1 ml/kg of substrate, were used to evaluate the persistence and bioresidual effect of the azadirachtin on cabbage aphid over time. After treatments, plants were infested with one-day-old aphid larvae on the same day (D0), three days (D4) and eight days (D8) after treatment. There was a sharp decrease in persistence with NeemAzal-T when plants were infested 8 days after treatment, and there was no significant difference in the survival of aphids with control plants. However, there were no differences in the survival rate of cabbage aphid larvae if exposed 0, 4 or 8 days after treatment with NeemAzal granules but the survival rate was significantly lower compared to that in the control. The fecundity of aphids decreased significantly after the application of azadirachtin. In conclusion, results show high efficacy of soil-applied NeemAzal against cabbage aphid, with NeemAzal granules, which is a slow-release formulation, giving the longest period of bioactivity hence offering the longest period of protection.
Dynamic Traffic Network Model and Time-Dependent Braess’ Paradox

We propose a dynamic traffic network model and give the equilibrium condition and the equivalent variational inequality of the network. In this model, instead of the influence of inflow rate and output rate on the link congestion, the influence of the adjacent links at the same paths is considered; in this case, the equivalence between the equilibrium condition and the variational inequality is proved. Then we take an example about the paradox using the variational inequality and find that the probability and the severity that Braess’ paradox occurs change with the influence of other links changing. Subsequently, we discuss the influence of other links on whether the adding link works under the dynamic system optimal. At last, we give the relationship between the total congestion under dynamic user equilibrium and that under dynamic system optimal. The results imply that we should take some methods and adjust the interaction between links rationally with the dynamic change of traffic situations.
Les indéfinis à l’aune de l’oral

The author defends the interest of work on oral data for the study of the indefinite in French : better visibility of the frequent forms, update of structures rare in writing productions. The system of indefinite appears more developed. The illustrations relate to the interest of a quantified approach, the development of certain series, the relations with the lexicon and show how one can reorganize certain presentations.
Experimental Study on the Wake Characteristics of Composite Secondary Grooved Cylinder

Flow around cylinders is widespread in marine engineering projects such as marine risers, marine pipelines, and tension leg. To understand the wake characteristics of the circular cylinder with different roughness, at a Reynolds number of 7400, a circulation water tunnel is used for experimental PIV measurements to compare the wake characteristics among the smooth cylinder, the original grooved cylinder, and the secondary grooved cylinder. The results revealed that the secondary grooved reduced the recirculation region, the flow-direction velocity gradient, the Reynolds shear stresses, and turbulent kinetic energy. Both small-scale and large-scale vortices are present in the wake vortex shedding. The instantaneous large-scale vortices behind the grooved cylinders are dispersed into several relatively small-scale vortices. Furthermore, the spike of the secondary grooved cylinder is a vortex generator, and directly impacts the generation of small eddies and the dissipation of large vortices.
The Influence of Political Risk and Cross-national Distance on Overseas Enterprise Performance

: In recent years, the influence of the relationship between host country and home country on the internationalization of multinational enterprises has been a controversial topic. On this basis, past researchers have done in-depth research and discussion, but these are limited to the relationship between a single variable. For example, when studying the impact of political risk on the performance of overseas enterprises, most scholars only consider the impact of government corruption and political turmoil in host countries on the performance of overseas enterprises, without taking these factors into consideration together. This paper explores the relationship between host country political risks, cross-national distance, good ESG performance, and overseas enterprises’ performance. The objective is to explore the influence of host country political risk and cross-national distance on overseas performance and reduce negative impact through ESG. It finds that host country political risk and cross-national distance are negatively correlated with overseas enterprises performance, although this negative correlation is moderated by strong ESG performance. The results show that political risk and cross-national distance are negatively correlated with the performance of overseas enterprises. With the strengthening of good ESG performance, the negative impact of host country political risk and cross-national distance on enterprise performance will be reduced.
Radar Observation of the Lava Tubes on the Moon and Mars

The detection of lava tubes beneath the surfaces of the Moon and Mars has been a popular research topic and challenge in planetary radar observation. In recent years, the Moon–based ground penetrating radar (GPR) carried by the Chinese Chang’e–3/–4 mission, the RIMFAX radar carried by the Mars mission Perseverance, and the RoSPR radar and MOSIR radar carried by China’s Tianwen–1 orbiter have extensively promoted the exploration of the underground space of extraterrestrial bodies, which is crucial for the future utilization and development of these spaces. This paper expounds on the principles, methods, and detection results of using GPR to detect lava tubes on the Moon and Mars. First, lava tubes’ formation mechanism and morphological characteristics are outlined, followed by an introduction to GPR’s working principles and classification. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of different types of radar in detecting the lava tubes are analyzed. Finally, the distribution of lava tubes on the Moon and Mars is briefly summarized, and the potential utilization of lava tubes is discussed. We believe that the GPR technique is an effective geophysical method for exploring the underground structures of the Moon and Mars, and the lava tubes beneath the surface of extraterrestrial bodies can provide important references for selecting future Moon and Mars bases.
Energetic protons associated with interplanetary active regions 1–5 AU from the Sun

About 100 energetic proton (0.61< or =E/sub p/< or =3.41 MeV) events have been observed at heliocentric distances between 1 and 5 AU with the University of Iowa instrument on Pioneer 11. Absolute intensities, anisotropies, and crude energy spectra are measured. The particle intensity in the events has no significant dependence on heliocentric distances. Beyond approx.2. 4 AU, power spectra of the counting rates show strong peaks at about 26 and also usually 13 days corresponding to corotation of the solar wind-structure. The number of events observed per unit time interval is 10 times greater in the close vicinity of interplanetary active regions (IAR) (Smith and Wolfe, 1976) than elsewhere in interplanetary space. The frequency of occurrence of events has a marked tendency to peak with +- 5 hours of the time that IAR edges are crossed. Events observed in the vicinity of IAR have, on the average greater particle intensities, softer energy spectra, and smaller time widths at half maximum intensity than events observed elsewhere. Many of the IAR-associated events have particle anisotropies corresponding to the net flow of particles toward the sun along the interplanetary magnetic field. The phenomenological evidence strongly favors local acceleration in the planetary medium bymore » an as yet unidentified mechanism in magnetohydrodynamic shocks. The sources of the shock-accelerated particles are apparently corotating streams of solar emitted protons, most of which have energies E/sub p/<0.61 MeV. « less