Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining Pipe Groupings for Water Distribution Networks

Mathematical modeling of a water distribution system allows comparisons between design and operation alternatives. How- ever, to make meaningful comparisons, the true field system must be represented within the model. Water distribution systems contain a large number of pipes with unknown roughness coefficients. Even with an extensive data collection effort, pipe roughnesses for all links cannot be determined exactly. Therefore, the system is simplified by assuming sets of pipes have the same roughness coefficient. The impacts of such simplification have not been examined in a quantitative manner. This work develops a methodology to quantify impacts introduced by system simplification and identify the best number of pipe groupings for a network.
Technical Uncertainty in Quantitative Policy Analysis — A Sulfur Air Pollution Example

Expert judgments expressed as subjective probability distributions provide an appropriate means of incorporating technical uncertainty in some quantitative policy studies. Judgments and distributions obtained from several experts allow one to explore the extent to which the conclusions reached in such a study depend on which expert one talks to. For the case of sulfur air pollution from coal-fired power plants, estimates of sulfur mass balance as a function of plume flight time are shown to vary little across the range of opinions of leading atmospheric scientists while estimates of possible health impacts are shown to vary widely across the range of opinions of leading scientists in air pollution health effects.
Neotropical niche evolution of Otoba trees in the context of global biogeography of the nutmeg family

Plant distributions are influenced by species’ ability to colonize new areas via long‐distance dispersal and propensity to adapt to new environments via niche evolution. We use otobas, a clade of ecologically dominant trees found in low‐to mid‐elevation wet forests, as a system to understand the relative importance of these processes within the Neotropics.
The Cow That Stole Christmas? Exploring the Role of Media Coverage in Recent BSE Outbreaks

Estimating economic impacts of food safety scares, such as the concern surrounding beef supplies when bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is found in domestic cattle, is important to food industry analysts, policymakers and scientists. Accurate estimation is particularly important to stakeholders who weigh the relative benefits and costs of information systems designed for quality assurance, source verification and trace-back capability. Yet, determining potential implications on marketing channels often involves quantifying decreased demand for affected foods and the increased demand for substitutes directly related to the shock, an issue that requires careful methodological approaches and data interpretation. Food safety demand shocks may be difficult to extract with primary data – after all, the event is unexpected making it costly and difficult to gauge consumers’ responses in supermarket aisles. More often than not,
The Value of Green Marketing Education at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse

A “Green” business activity can be defined as any business activity that is performed in a way so that it has either limited negative ecological impact or it directly benefits the natural environment in some way. The purpose of this paper is to examine the recent trends in green marketing and green business, provide insight into the future of green marketing, and assess the value that students and faculty at UW-L place upon green marketing. It will go on to recommend what changes could be made to the marketing curriculum at UW-L in order to prepare students for a business world that is placing an increasing amount of emphasis on green practices.
Nonlinear robust control of a vector-controlled synchronous reluctance machine

This paper presents the implementation of Slotine's approach of sliding mode control for position control of a vector-controlled synchronous reluctance machine. A comparison is undertaken between the performance of a fixed gain controller and two sliding mode controllers for both the regulator and servo cases. Invariant performance is obtained using Slotine's approach of sliding mode control compared to a fixed gain controller. Robustness to parameter variation is an important feature of this technique. This can be achieved through the control law design, assuming parameter variation bounds are known. These improvements are demonstrated for variations in the load inertia. Machine inductance ripple affects the quality of achievable position control. A state-space model for the machine to incorporate this effect yields drive simulation results that agree with presented experimental results.
A Vicious Circle in Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy Mechanism and a Novel Exercise Method

Amaç: Lateral dirsek tendinopatisi öncelikle ekstansör digitorum communis, ekstansör karpi radialis brevis ve ekstansör karpi ulnaris kaslarının ekstansör disfonksiyonu ile ilişkilidir. Ekstansör karpi radialis brevis ve ekstansör karpi ulnarisin ikincil işlevleri, sırasıyla bileğin radyal ve ulnar deviasyon hareketidir. Bileğin (radio-ulnar) bu antagonistik kuvveti nedeniyle bir kısır döngü olarak ortak ekstansör tendonun tam olarak dinlenemeyeceğini varsaydık. Bu çalışmada tam iyileşmeyi engelleyen kronik persistan patofizyolojik mekanizmayı açıklamayı ve bu yeni egzersiz yönteminin sonuçlarını sunmayı amaçladık. Hastalar ve Yöntem: 2015-2016 yılları arasında 47 LET hastası (egzersiz: 27; kontrol: 20) vaka kontrol çalışmasına dahil edildi. Egzersiz, egzersiz grubu için ulnar-radial deviasyondan oluşuyordu. Hasta dereceli tenisçi dirseği değerlendirme (PRTEE) testi başlangıç, 1. , 6. ve 12. aylardaki ölçümler için kullanıldı. İki grubun bu puanlarını karşılaştırmak için karma modeller kullanıldı. Bulgular: Egzersiz ve kontrol gruplarının PRTE başlangıç puanları arasında fark yoktu (t:-0.22, p:0.830). 1. , 6. ve 12. aylardaki PRTE puanları, egzersiz grubunda kontrollere göre anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (t: -3.71, p: 0.0003; t: -3.88, p:0.0002; t: -2.28, p:0.024 , sırasıyla). Sonuç: Ortak ekstansör tendon bu antagonistik kuvvet nedeniyle tam olarak dinlenemez. Tendon üzerindeki antagonistik gerilimi azaltmayı amaçlayan egzersiz yönteminin, uzun süreli inflamasyon ve/ veya tendinoz mekanizmasının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayabilecek etkili olduğu bulundu.
Transporting radioactive materials to a geological disposal facility: an integrated approach

Abstract The Radioactive Waste Management Directorate (RWMD) of the UK’s Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDAi) has responsibility for planning and implementing a Geological Disposal Facility (GDF) in the UK. The responsibility for demonstrating and providing a safe transport operation will be shared between a number of organisations acting as consignors, carriers and the consignee (the GDF operator). The radioactive waste transport system is national in scope. Its main objective is to deliver packaged waste to a facility for disposal in a manner that is safe, secure, planned, timely, cost effective, flexible, environmentally sound and robust against future changes. To fully appreciate the implications for ensuring transport safety a better understanding of the range of options for a GDF transport system is required. One extreme, the current planning assumption in the UK is that each waste producer (consignor) is individually responsible for organising their own transport to a GDF. The other extreme is where a single organisation is responsible for the provision of the transport system (an integrated transport service). Intermediate options will exist where the actual implementation could be anywhere on the scale between the two extremes. A fundamental issue for a GDF transport system for the delivery of Intermediate Level Waste (ILW), High Level Waste (HLW) and spent fuel is the timescale between initial waste packing and final sentencing to the repository. ILW, HLW and spent fuel will need to be managed until a GDF is available and delivery is confirmed. The timescales could be over 65 years given current assumptions. This paper reviews the feasibility of an integrated transport service for the delivery of ILW, HLW and spent fuel to a GDF. It defines the key elements of the integrated transport service, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages. Finally, it sets out the key considerations to be addressed during packing of wastes which will not be transported for up to 65 years.
Regulation of Leaves Senescence by Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Modus Operandi in Arabidopsis

The final leaf developmental stage starts with nutrients salvage and ends at cells’ death, whereby leaf yellowing is the first noticeable event during senescence. Yellowing of leaves starts at the margins and progresses to the interior of the leaves’ blade. In this regard, there are only a few factors that are being demonstrated in involving the regulation of cell death by evaluating the leaf senescence appearances of knocking of mutants and identifying downstream target genes. Thus, the current research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) and its functional analysis for a potential regulation of leaves senescence in Arabidopsis. In the present study, the silencing of the plant by VIGS technique caused a narrative phenotype with a high level of transcript levels. Nevertheless, the phenotype is exemplified with a smaller size compared to the wild type (WT) with smaller roots, leaves, and overall plant bodies. Interestingly, the vector (VG)silenced plants showed intense yellowing of leaves developed at the bottom regions along with a smaller number of tillers from the base of the plants. Moreover, we also tested leaves of age-dependent silenced Arabidopsis plants and observed a reduction in size and number of leaf cells compared to that of non-silenced (WT) control plants. To understand the advanced regulatory molecular mechanisms, the efficiency of vector infection has been confirmed through changes that happened via the measurement of ion seepage and decreasing content of chlorophyll, measurement of SAG12, and PAGs gene expressions. In conclusion, VIGS approach play a critical role in leaves senescence.
Brief Review on the Memory Types and their Location and Function

Memory can be classified into declarative/explicit and nondeclarative/implicit. Declarative/explicit memory can be divided into semantic, episodic and short-term/working memory while nondeclarative/implicit memory can be divided into procedural, conditioning and motor skills/memory [1-3]. Semantic memory is located in parahippocampal gyrus and its function would be world facts remembering. Episodic memory is located in the hippocampus and its function includes the life episodes and events related memory. Short-term/working memory is located in the prefrontal cortex and its function would be information retention for ongoing behavior guidance.
Deepfakes, misinformation and disinformation and authenticity infrastructure responses: Impacts on frontline witnessing, distant witnessing, and civic journalism

Frontline witnessing and civic journalism are impacted by the rhetoric and the reality of misinformation and disinformation. This essay highlights key insights from activities of the human rights and civic journalism network WITNESS, as they seek to prepare for new forms of media manipulation, such as deepfakes, and to ensure that an emergent “authenticity infrastructure” is in place to respond to global needs for reliable information without creating additional harms. Based on global consultations on perceived threats and prioritized solutions, their efforts are primarily targeted towards synthetic media and deepfakes, which not only facilitate audiovisual falsification (including non-consensual sexual images) but also, by being embedded in societal dynamics of surveillance and civil society suppression, they challenge real footage and so undermine the credibility of civic media and frontline witnessing (also known as “liar’s dividend”). They do this within a global context where journalists and some distant witness investigators self-identify as lacking relevant skills and capacity, and face inequity in access to detection technologies. Within this context, “authenticity infrastructure” tracks media provenance, integrity, and manipulation from camera to edit to distribution, and so comes to provide “verification subsidies” that enable distant witnesses to properly interpret eye-witness footage. This “authenticity infrastructure” and related tools are rapidly moving from niche to mainstream in the form of initiatives the Content Authenticity Initiative and Coalition for Content Authenticity and Provenance, raising key questions about who participates in the production and dissemination of audiovisual information, under what circumstances and to which effect for whom. Provenance risks being weaponized unless key concerns are integrated into infrastructure proposals and implementation. Data may be used against vulnerable witnesses, or the absence of a trail, for legitimate privacy and technological access reasons, used to undermine credibility. Regulatory and extra-legal co-option are also a fear as securitized “fake news” laws proliferate. The investigation of both phenomena, deepfakes and emergent authenticity infrastructure(s), this paper argues, is important as it highlights the risks related both to the “information disorder” of deepfakes as they challenge the credibility and safety of frontline witnesses and to responses to such “disorder,” as they risk worsening inequities in access to tools for mitigation or increasing exposure to harms from technology infrastructure.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF BRONCHIOLITIS

We have described our concept of bronchiolitis—an acute epidemic disease of infants and young children with obstruction of terminal bronchi and bronchioles, secondary hypoxia, and exhaustion. RSV is the commonest virus to invade the lower respiratory tract in young children. This probably explains the high incidence of this organism in bronchiolitis, but a control population is necessary for interpretation of the virus isolations. Only four RSV infections were found in 295 children (1.4%) without respiratory disease compared with 124 in 211 children (59%) with bronchiolitis. Neither adenoviruses nor other viruses were isolated from the cough swabs of "control children. " This confirms not only the etiological significance of RSV in bronchiolitis but also suggests that adenoviruses isolated in this disease may also be causally related. Treatment is described and we accept in spirit, if not in detail, the judgment of Reynolds and Cook that "oxygen is vitally important in bronchiolitis and there is little conclusive evidence that any other therapy is consistently or even occasionally useful. " The indications for the correct, and sometimes necessary, use of antibiotics need more precise definition by therapeutic trial and a better understanding of the causes of death in this disease.
Effect of gain medium on the performance of Brillouin fiber laser

The performance of single‐wavelength Brillouin fiber lasers (BFLs) is investigated for different gain medium.An efficient BFL is demonstrated using a piece of 100‐m‐long PCF as the gain medium. The BFL provides a peak power of 0 dBm and a side mode suppression ratio of more than 30 dB with the threshold power of 8.5 dBm for the BFL generation. However, the threshold is much lower for the BFL configured with 20 km long non‐zero dispersion shifted fiber, which has a smaller core size. With this fiber, the threshold power of the BFL is obtained at 5 dBm, and this power increases with the shorter length of the gain medium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2158–2160, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25386
Modelling eddy currents and hysteresis in a transformer laminate

A Cauer circuit model of a transformer laminate is presented. It considers saturation, eddy currents and hysteresis. The simulation results agree to experiments with an Epstein frame in the 10-200 Hz range. The paper includes a description of a computationally fast hysteresis model with few adjustable parameters and a physical approach to derive the Cauer circuit. The model can be used under various time-transient conditions and can easily be implemented into a larger system in a circuit simulation package, such as Saber, to study a transformers interaction with switching overvoltages, for example.
Optimal Control of Nonlinear Resonances for Vehicle Suspension Using Linear and Nonlinear Control

The dynamic equations of the strongly nonlinear vibration of vehicle suspension with linear and nonlinear feedback controllers are developed. The strongly nonlinear vibration is transformed into the weakly nonlinear vibration by the nonlinear controller. The forced vibration of vehicle suspension is studied by the method of multiple scales. The regions of feedback gains obtained from the stability conditions of eigenvalue equation quantitatively are presented. Taking attenuation ratio and energy function as the objective functions, the control parameters of velocity and displacement are calculated by the minimum optimal method. Illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of vibration control.
Variable structure interacting multiple-model filter (VS-IMM) for tracking targets with transportation network constraints

A Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) is developed using a Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model Filter (VS-IMM). Current trackers use road network database information to either condition GMTI measurements, thereby altering the detection report, or constrain tracks formed on measurements near roads to the road network, thus making a hard decision about the location of the target. The VS-IMM allows for soft decisions about which road a target is possibly located on. The VS- IMM filter developed adaptively adds and deletes road models based upon history of measurement data or extrapolated tracks. As measurements are associated with existing tracks, a search of possible road segment models is performed to either add or delete road segment models as required. As targets on roads approach junctions, additional potential road segment models are added, as the targets pass the intersection only the most likely model is retained. When a target beginst o move into a road segment that is obscured, a model is added that modified the filter estimate and likelihood according to a hidden target model. The VS-IMM Filter includes two models for characterizing temporal vehicle movement. A model with low process noise is used to model targets that are traveling straight and a model with high process noise is used to model highly maneuvering targets. The state estimates from the possible road models are combined with the state estimate of the on-road and off-road multiple temporal models to produce the composite state estimate for the VS-IMM Filter.
Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extract Abates Oxidative Hepatic Damage and Inflammation Associated with Nitrobenzene in Rats

Liver diseases have been documented to have great influence on the global burden of mortality and morbidity. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of Vernonia amygdalina to protect against hepatic damage and inflammation in nitrobenzene rat model of hepatotoxicity. Thirty male Wistar strain albino rats were used for this study. Rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) of nitrobenzene via oral administration and treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg BW of methanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MLVA) and 400 mg/kg BW of Vitamin E for 14 consecutive days. Nitrobenzene significantly (P<0.05) induced hepatic damage with marked serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Furthermore, nitrobenzene mediated oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation with a significant increase in hepatic level of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), with concomitant decrease in level of reduced glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD). Similarly, inflammation was observed in nitrobenzene-treated rats with elevated level of nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). However, treatment with the chosen doses of MLVA and Vitamin E significantly reversed all the nitrobenzene-associated hepatic damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation and altered antioxidant defence system. Taken together, MLVA exhibited hepatoprotection which may be beneficial for the treatment and management of liver diseases or other related disorders via protecting the structural integrity of the liver, antioxidant, antiinflammatory mechanisms.
Cambridge Handbook of Routine Dynamics

Over the last two decades, Routine Dynamics has emerged as an international research community that shares a particular approach to organizational phenomena. At the heart of this approach is an interest in examining the emergence, reproduction, replication and change of routines as recognizable patterns of actions. In contrast to other research communities interested in those phenomena, Routine Dynamics studies are informed by a distinctive set of theories (especially practice theory and related process-informed theories). This Handbook offers both an accessible introduction to core concepts and approaches in Routine Dynamics as well as a comprehensive and authoritative overview of research in different areas of Routine Dynamics. The chapters of this Handbook are structured around four core themes: 1) Theoretical resources for research on the dynamics of routines, 2) Methodological issues in studying the dynamics routines, 3) Themes in Routine Dynamics research and 4) Relation of Routine Dynamics to other communities of thought.
Investigating the Benefits of Using 3D Camera Technology to Improve Wound Measurements in a Tissue Viability Service: Outcomes of a Pilot Implementation Study

Sub-optimal experience and outcomes for people with stalled wounds is common. Clinicians have limited methods for reliably and accurately measure wounds. Depth measurement is an important indicator of healing, and digital methods of imaging the wound may offer increased accuracy and enable clinical decision-making. This study aimed to implement a Panasonic FZ-M1 toughpad with WoundCareLite software version 1.5. 0.0, to enable three-dimensional measurements in Tissue Viability (TV) service. Length, width, and depth measurement were compared with usual manual measurement using a paper ruler alongside a 2D photographic image. Statistical analysis included the comparison of wound dimension measures and a presentation of visual healing trajectories over 4 weeks using run-charts. 30 patients were recruited over five weeks (13 female and 17 male), representing 4% of the usual caseload. Manual measurement and 3D software automatic method demonstrated that the width and depth 3D auto measures were more accurate than manual measures but depth measures were often wrong thus making volumetric measures inaccurate. Consistent wound size measurement was feasible, and healing trajectories provide a useful means of continuous assessment. Technology guided measurement has potential benefits over manual measurement as a means of more accurately monitoring healing. In this case, depth measurement could not be accurately assessed in practice and further software innovation is indicated to enable outcome measurement in tissue viability services.