Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Mg‐Al Mixed Oxide and Reconstructed Hydrotalcite as Basic Catalysts for Aldol Condensation of Furfural and Cyclohexanone

This study presents results on aldol condensation of furfural and cyclohexanone in presence of Mg‐Al hydrotalcite‐derived materials as solid basic catalysts at reaction temperatures from 25 to 90 °C and a cyclohexanone to furfural molar ratio of 1–10. Mg‐Al mixed oxide exhibited reasonable activity with furfural conversion of ca. 50 % after 180 min of the reaction at T=90 °C. The activity of reconstructed hydrotalcite was much higher with furfural conversion close to 100 % at short reaction times. In comparison with Mg‐Al mixed oxide, the initial reaction rate has increased 30–50 times. Under similar reaction conditions, cyclohexanone self‐condensation on HTC‐derived catalysts could not compete with aldol condensation because the former reaction was inhibited by produced water. The change in CH/F molar ratio influenced both furfural conversion and product selectivity; higher furfural content in the reaction mixture favored the second condensation step.
A Review of Formation, Toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species by Heavy Metals and Tolerance in Plants

Aims: This whole review tells about origin of ROS, Cell death, role of ROS, defense system in numerous developmental pathways. Methodology: In plant reactive oxygen species are the main factor of cell mechanism deterioration. The stability of the reduction and regeneration is disturbed under stress environment. ROS continuously damages the main organelles of cell in plants as well as inactivate several enzymes. Break down of lipids, nucleic acid, proteins, pigments, damages in membrane which may lead to cell death. Conclusion: ROS is diffusible measures in pathways of signal transduction in numerous developmental pathways in plants. ROS acts as a messenger. Plants protect cell from misbalancing and also damages ROS production. ROS produced in excess amount rather than required for numerous metabolic reaction. In aerobic respiration ROS is produced.
Spatial Spillover Effect and Influencing Factors of Information Flow in Urban Agglomerations—Case Study of China Based on Baidu Search Index

Cities in an urban agglomeration closely interact with each other through various flows. Information flow, as one of the important forms of urban interactions, is now increasingly indispensable with the fast development of informatics technology. Thanks to its timely, convenient, and spatially unconstrained transmission ability, information flow has obvious spillover effects, which may strengthen urban interaction and further promote urban coordinated development. Therefore, it is crucial to quantify the spatial spillover effect and influencing factors of information flows, especially at the urban agglomeration scale. However, the academic research on this topic is insufficient. We, therefore, developed a spatial interaction model of information flow (SIM-IF) based on the Baidu Search Index and used it to analyze the spillover effects and influencing factors of information flow in the three major urban agglomerations in China, namely Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in the period of 2014–2019. The results showed that the SIM-IF performed well in all three agglomerations. Quantitative analysis indicated that the BTH had the strongest spillover effect of information flow, followed by the YRD and the PRD. It was also found that the hierarchy of cities had the greatest impact on the spillover effects of information flow. This study may provide scientific basis for the information flow construction in urban agglomerations and benefit the coordinated development of cities.
New Designing The Relationship Between The Water-Energy-Food Nexus With Environmental Objectives At The Basin Level For Sustainable Agricultural Management

Accomplishing the objectives of optimal and sustainable management in the agricultural sector is increasingly getting complicated, which includes increasing the sustainable productivity of water and energy resources, ensuring food security, decreasing contaminations from fertilizers and chemical pesticides, and environmental destruction. The present research deals with designing the relationships between the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus approach with economic and environmental objectives to accomplish the aforementioned objectives. Hence, a multi-objective programming model was developed to maximize the water-energy-food nexus index and farmers' gross margin, minimize the use of chemical fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphate), and minimize the use of chemical pesticides (herbicides) by considering the balancing constraint to groundwater resources. Afterward, the proposed multi-objective model was solved using the augmented ε-constraint method, and then the total of strong and efficient Pareto solutions was extracted. Then, the best solution was chosen using the TOPSIS method and assigning a weight of equal importance to the desired objectives. The irrigation network of Jiroft plain in Kerman province in Iran was chosen as the study area to implement such a system. The obtained results indicated that the optimal and sustainable management in the agriculture sector can be hopeful using the proposed approach in the current research. On the other hand, the results revealed that despite considering the economic objective in the proposed system, the farmers' profits can be significantly decreased. Thus, the realization of optimal and sustainable management in the agricultural sector is not possible without the implementation of policies for increasing the economic incentive of farmers.
US COVID-19 EXAM FAILURE MAKES WORLD LEERY ABOUT AMERICAN EXCEPTIONALISM AND LEADERSHIP

For a newbie in the USA, heath care, education, science and economy are presented as exceptional; the best of the world, but these nice words are not backed by reality, and it is hard to openly talk about these issues as they turn into an inconvenient truth, and the fact that truth is anti-American and anti-human makes it more difficult to correct the problems, as it turns difficult to openly acknowledge the issues and look for solutions. Trump and revealed a bunch of American truths, removed the of kindness and exceptionalism, and put in the limelight a lot of inconvenient realities of the actual USA, a country ideologically divided and under Lord , a nation sunk in alternate realities and facts, with a political leadership inept for progress. Looking to understand why this aberrant behavior in front of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we discovered that the F++ grade USA obtained at this “ecologic” exam, is routed in education of the last 50 years, that produced such population with very low real IQ, but loud arrogant and oblivious of their situation, with little respect for reality and knowledge. From the education stand point, the thinks appear even more complicated, because failures in education are routed in society, and the education system produced exactly what society asked and paid for, everything becoming a “chicken or egg” problem, under “what to solve first” dilemma The present research was looking to find an answer to this very complex problem, at minimum to openly list the issues, and propose idealistic solutions, looking to become a wake-up moment not only for the USA but for many other nations which are confronted with the same issues, of a decadent democracy and consumerist economy, without pleading for extreme left solution manifested autocratic regimes.
Changes in land use/ land cover and water balance components before and after dam construction in the Mono River Basin, West Africa

The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted sub-tropical region to be more vulnerable to the effects of Climate Change(CC). Additionally, to CC, land use and land cover (LULC) changes and dam contruction often neglected, plays and important role on the spatial and temporal distribution of water balance components(WBC) for agriculture production and socio-ecological equilibrium. The aim of this study wa sto analyze and compare the changes in LULC and WBC for the periode before Nangbeto dam construction (1964-1986) and the period after its construction (1988-2010) in the Mono River Basin(MRB). To this end, the study used mainly WBC extracted from the validated Soil and Water Assessment Tool and LULC data of the years 1975 and 2000 in the MRB to explore their temporal distributions and the link in their changes. The results showed that the mean monthly actual evapotranspiration, percolation, water yield, surface runoff, groundwater and lateral flow represent 51.05%, 17.53%, 15.93%, 9.43%, 5.67% and 0.42%, respectively of total water balance between 1964 and 1986. The same components represented 51.02%, 9.17%, 20.43%, 6.30%, 10.56% and 2.59%, respectively between 1988 and 2010. The contribution of these WBC in mean-annual (1964-1986) period were for actual evapotranspiration (31.33%), water yield (25.95%), percolation(17.67%), groundwater(14.71%), surface runoff (9.94%) and lateral flow (0.40%). Meanwhile, between 1988 and 2010, the contribution of actual evapotranspiration, water yield, percolation, groundwater, surface runoff and lateral flow are 49.85%, 19.97%, 11.17%, 10.34%, 6.15% and 2.52%, resepctively. The results showed that the peaks of the evapotranspiration, surface runoff, percolation and water yield appeared in September corresponding to a month after the maximum of rainfall in August. However, our more detailed analysis showed that a significant decrease of forest and savanna and increase of cropland let to a decrease in actual evapotranspiration and lateral flow over the second period of simulation compared to the first period of simulation over the MRB scale. These findings showed that sustainable management and conservation of natural vegetation is crucial for integrated water resource management and conservation in MRB.
Soil respiration in Chinese tea gardens: autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration

To obtain an improved understanding of the response of soil respiration (RS) to soil temperature and water content, we used a trenching treatment that could divide RS into autotrophic (RA) and heterotrophic respiration (RH) components in Chinese tea gardens in 2013. The results of the linear and non‐linear relations of RH and RA with soil temperature and water content showed that temperature rather than water content was the main factor controlling the seasonality of RH and RA in Chinese tea gardens. The rates of RH and RA were fitted well in 14 models that took soil temperature or water content into account. Exponential models of soil temperature–moisture could explain the seasonal variation in RH and RA better than the single‐factor models. Temperature sensitivity (Q10) values between RH and RA were not significantly different. The relative contribution (RC) of RA to RS in the tea gardens was 50–63%. This study will facilitate the development of models to investigate components of respiration in soil in general, and also improve our understanding of the response of these components to soil temperature and moisture.
Revisiting the Source Rupture Process of the Mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and Implications for the Generation of Near-Fault Ground Motions and Forward-Directivity Pulse

Strong near-fault ground motions associated with the MJMA 7.3 mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto, central Kyushu, Japan, earthquake sequence have received attention by seismological and engineering communities. In this study, the kinematic source rupture process was reanalyzed based on an improved approach for the representation of source faults. The slips at densely distributed point sources were defined via the bilinear interpolation of those at surrounding control points. The result shows that the rupture started on the Hinagu fault with a small initial rupture and propagated beyond the junction to the Futagawa fault. The rupture on the Futagawa fault mainly propagated up and northeastward. A large slip area with a peak slip of 4.9 m and peak slip velocity of 3.1 m/s was detected at depths ranging from 3 to 15 km in the central part of the Futagawa fault. This asperity spatially coincides with a body with moderate-seismic velocity (VP∼6 km/s) and low-seismic attenuation. The slips on the Futagawa fault have significant normal-slip components, whereas the slip vectors of the Hinagu fault represent almost pure right-lateral strike slip. The shallower part of the fault segments in the western Aso caldera is characterized by relatively large normal slips. The estimated slip-velocity functions at shallower depths (<3 km) are almost temporally symmetric and relatively long. The shallower portion of the source fault significantly contributes to the velocity and displacement waveforms at near-fault sites. On the contrary, the slip-velocity functions at deeper depths (>3 km) are temporally asymmetric and have a sharp peak. The simulation of the ground-motion evolution suggests that the lateral flow in the Aso Valley was primarily triggered by the strong forward-directivity pulse generated from the asperity on the Futagawa fault.
Method development and determination of anthropogenic poly- and perfluorinated compounds in air, water, soil, house dust, and several consumer products

Persistent and volatile polyfluorinated organic Compounds (PFC) are chemicals with manifold applications. For the determination of PFC concentrations in different matrices, analytical methods using GC-MS or LC-MS were developed. Suitability of SPMD as passive air samplers for PFC was evaluated by laboratory and field experiments and SPMD were compared to other PFC samplers. PFC deposition rates were estimated at three sites in the Alps. Moreover, PFC were determined in water, soil, and spruce needle samples. Detected PFC concentrations domestic dust and consumer products were used to estimate human exposure to PFC.
Data Stream Management for CPS-based Healthcare: A Contemporary Review

ABSTRACT Data stream management (DSM) for cyber-physical systems (CPSs) provides good quality care services in the medical domain. This is a very prominent field of research that includes sensing, processing, and networking of various medical devices. The DSM for CPS is a combination of computation using Cyber world (computers or WBANs), including wearable sensors and smart meters as well as communication between the processes through the networks. Data analytics and mobile computing include the usage of wireless sensors which plays a very significant role while handling uncertainties of data stream in healthcare domain. This paper presents a comprehensive review of DSM techniques, including the problem of concept drift in the healthcare domain using CPS, and the challenges associated with the domain. The complete taxonomy characterizes and classifies all the components and methods required for data management in healthcare. This paper provides a glimpse of futuristic techniques used for DSM in view of concept drift while handling real-time data management in healthcare and also identifies the fields for future research. The prime objective of this review is to provide a solution to aggregate health data streams using DSM, generated from different sources, clean and normalize them, and improve them for analysis, diagnosis, pattern identification for data analytics and complex event processing. It is supposed that the techniques discussed in this paper are relevant and useful for further research in the area of DSM for CPS in healthcare.
Towards Communication UAV-Based: Improving Throughput By Optimum Trajectory And Power Allocation

It is predicted that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in communication systems will be more extensive in future generations of wireless telecommunication networks, due to their facilitating advantages. In this paper, a UAV-based wireless communication system is considered in which a UAV is employed as a relay to connect two ground users. These two disconnected users make a communication pair. Our aim is to maximize the minimum achievable information rate for the communication link between the transmitter and receiver, by cooperatively optimizing UAV trajectory and transmitter and source power allocation. Motivated by the above, we formulate the optimization problem. The solving process is complicated because of the non-convexity of the formulated problem. To overcome this difficulty, we convert the main problem to some sub-problems by fixing some constraints and solve them with iterative algorithms such as successive convex optimization and reach the solution for the main problem. Simulation results show the capability of the proposed algorithm.
Observational study on hand washing practice during COVID-19 pandemic among bank visitors in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Hand washing has received considerable attention during the COVID‐19 pandemic and it is simple, cost-effective, and one of the first lines of defenses in ceasing the spread of the current pandemic. Hence, assessing the actual hand washing practice of bank visitors during COVID-19 pandemic will have tremendous contribution in the prevention and control strategy of the disease. Observational study followed by demonstration was conducted from May 1 to June 15, 2020, among bank visitors at Gondar town. A total of 415 bank users participated in the study. Data was collected through observation using check list and pretested questioner. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to show the association between outcome variable with determinant factors. P-value <0.05 was taken as significant. A total of 415 participants were enrolled on the study. Most of the participants, 245 (59%), were males and 369 (88.9%) come from urban area. One hundred fifty one (36.4%) completed secondary school. Majority of the participants, 388 (93.5%), heard and watched proper hand washing practice. The proportion of proper hand washing performance was 21.4% before demonstration, but after demonstration, it was increased to 82.2%. Study participants aged 25–30 years, age of 31–40, married and attended college and above were found to be significantly associated with proper hand-washing practice. Overall, there was a significant change of hand washing practice after demonstration. Health education and public mass medias are needed, especially audio–visual aids are very important.
Mass University and Social Inclusion: The Paradoxical Effect of Public Policies

The objective of this article is to revisit the role of public policies in the social production and reproduction of university access inequalities that have been made evident more than ever in the current intensified mass higher education context. Although the situation is complex and varies from one societal context to another, a systematic review of the existing literature highlights the undeniable responsibility of public policies in this reproduction through three main channels: guidance systems and educational pathways, institutions’ stratification and hierarchization of fields of study and, finally, the financing of studies and tuition fees.
Relationships between Environmental Initiatives and Impact Reductions for Construction Companies

A company undertakes environmental initiatives to reduce environmental impact from their activities; however, the impact reduction effect of these initiatives is not clear. This study investigated the environmental initiatives and impact indicators disclosed in forty corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports of construction companies and determined the relationships between the initiatives and indicators. The results demonstrated that the likelihood of an initiative reducing environmental impacts was approximately 25% on average, meaning that one in four companies was able to successfully implement initiatives. The energy consumption reduction from initiatives had the highest probability, at 40%, and water consumption reduction had only 9.4%. This study contributes to making explicit relationships between initiatives and impact reductions possible. A company can verify the effectiveness of initiatives by examining the values of their corresponding indicators before implementing environmental initiatives.
3D Modeling of Long‐Term Slow Slip Events Along the Flat‐Slab Segment in the Guerrero Seismic Gap, Mexico

During the last two decades, quasi‐periodic long‐term slow slip events (SSEs) of magnitude up to Mw7.5 have been observed about every 4 years in the Guerrero Seismic Gap, Mexico. We present numerical simulations of the long‐term SSE cycles along the 3D slab geometry of central Mexico. Our model accounts for the hydrated oceanic crust in the framework of rate‐and‐state friction and captures the major source characteristics of the long‐term SSEs occurring between 2001 and 2014, as inferred from geodetic observations. Synthetic surface deformation calculated from simulated fault slip is in good agreement with the cumulative GPS displacements. Our results suggest that the flat‐slab segment of the Cocos plate aids the large magnitudes and long recurrence interval of the long‐term SSEs. We conclude that 3D slab geometry is an important factor in improving our understanding of the physics of slow slip events.
Potential Ameliorative Effects of Alpha Lipoic Acid and Silymarin on Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Damage in Rats

The present study was designed to study the protective effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and silymarin (SIL) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic damage. Sixty male albino rats were divided into 6 groups (10 rats each); control group, TAA-treated group: injected intraperitoneally with TAA 250 mg/kg bwt/day three times a week, ALA-treated group: received ALA 100 mg/kg bwt/day) orally three times a week, SIL-treated group: received SIL 100 mg/kg bwt/day orally three times a week, TAA+ALA-treated group, and TAA+SIL-treated group at the same previous doses and routes for ten weeks. Results showed that TAA induced a significant increase in serum liver enzymes, total and direct bilirubin, total cholesterol and triglycerides levels after four and ten weeks of the treatments. While the serum levels of total proteins, albumin and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol revealed a significant decrease. TAA injection resulted in an increase in the hepatic lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant biomarker levels. Histopathologically, TAA revealed marked degenerative, necrotic and fibrotic alterations in the liver, particularly during ten weeks post-treatment. ALA and SIL- treatment ameliorated TAA-induced oxidative damage, alterations in the liver function tests and liver histopathology. However, ALA demonstrated better hepatic protection against TAA-induced liver damage as compared to SIL. The study clearly concluded that ALA has more powerful antioxidant properties than SIL.
Diminuição da exposição do cirurgião à radiação na cirurgia de ante-pé - posicionamento alternativo do doente e intensificador de imagem

A exposição à radiação ionizante acarreta riscos para a saúde das equipas médicas. Este aspeto é particularmente relevante na cirurgia minimamente invasiva do pé devido ao posicionamento do doente e do cirurgião relativamente à fonte de radiação X. Durante o posicionamento “clássico” do doente, o C-arm e a equipa desconsideram alguns dos mais elementares princípios de segurança, particularmente nos centros com acesso mais limitado a aparelhos que utilizem baixas doses de radiação. A nossa técnica de posicionamento do doente permite uma redução da dispersão da radiação para o cirurgião e equipa médica, e os princípios de redução de exposição à radiação citados devem ser ponderados por todos aqueles que executam este tipo de técnicas na sua prática clínica regular.