Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peripheral nerve repair with nerve growth factor An experimental study in rat model

A fibrin sealant matrix (FS) with or without a nerve growth factor (NGF) has been used to improve the recovery of severed peripheral nerves, and these have been compared with the results of using only the standard epineural suture (SUT). Regeneration in the early phase (up to 6 days) was measured by the pinch test. The functional recovery process (up to 12 weeks) was evaluated by serial gait track analysis. Longitudinal sections of the nerve specimens were submitted to immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody against neurofilament. In addition, the release of the N G F from the N G F F S matrix in vitro was investigated by ELISA. The regeneration of the leading sensory fibers was significantly faster in both FS groups (with and without NGF) than in the SUT group at 3 and 4 days postoperatively. The behavioural data expressed by the sciatic function index (SFI) and the toe spreading index (TSI) indicated significant improvement in N G F F S group at the 9th week postoperatively (p < 0.05). Histologically, good and excellent outgrowth of neurites was encountered in both the N G F F S and FS groups, while most of the resuits from SUT group were poor to satisfactory. In vitro, a peak of N G F release was seen within 18 h; afterwards, release remained slow for two weeks. It has been concluded that local application of a combination of FS and N G F may be useful for neuritic regeneration and subsequent functional recovery; the fibrin matrix itself may be beneficial for neuritic sprouting in the early phase.
Enhancement of in Vivoand in Vitro Murine Immune Responses by the Cyclophosphamide Metabolite Acrolein1

Cyclophosphamide (CY)-mediated immunoenhancement has been at tributed to the inhibition of suppressor T-cell generation. In order to exert its effects on the immune system, metabolic activation of C'Y is required. The metabolite of CY responsible for its immunoenhancing properties are not known. Two reactive metabolites of CY which may inhibit suppressor T-cell generation are phosphoramide mustard and acrolein, compounds known to primarily bind to DNA and sulfhydryl groups, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine whether acrolein and/or phosphoramide mustard are capable of enhancing the immune response in a manner similar to CY. Administration of 100 /mimi/ kg of acrolein, i.v. , to female C57BL/6 x Oil F, mice 1 day before antigen exposure (sheep red blood cells) resulted in a 50% increase in the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (foot pad swelling). The Day 4 primary humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells was also increased by 88 and 60% after the administration of 30 and 100 /xmol/kg acrolein 1 day before sensitization with sheep red blood cells. Exposure of splenocyte cultures to 3 x 10~7 and 10"* M 4-hydroperoxy-CY or acrolein produced significant increases in the in vitro T-dependent anti body-forming cell response. In contrast, the antibody-forming cell re sponse of cultures exposed to 3 x IO""-IO'"1M phosphoramide mustard did not increase above control levels. These results suggest that acrolein is responsible for the CY-induced enhancement of the immune response. Moreover, the enhancement may be produced by the binding of acrolein to sulfhydryl groups of molecules of cells required for the generation of suppressor T-cells.
The Effect of Tannin Extracts from some plants in treatment of wounds infected by staphylococcus aureus experimentally in mice

In this study the efficacy of tannin extracts of Lawsania sp. Leafs and punica grantium peeling of fruits against staphylococcus aureus skin infection were assessed in vivo . Cell suspension of staphylococcus aureus(1*10cell per ml) were used to infect wounds on the shoulder of (16) laboratory (20-25)gm mice, the mice were divided into four groups two control groups, Negative ( treated With Vaseline) and positive (treated by tetracycline), and two test groups that treated by ointment prepared from tannin extracts of Lawsania sp. Leafs (group 3) and punica grantium peeling of fruits(group 4). The status of wounds and the time of healing and recovery of was studied and compared with each other. Both the extracts tested exhibited effective antibacterial properties and has potential therapeutic value for treatment of dermatophysis since it lead to complete recovery and healing of wounds within three days of treatment only.
IVERMECTIN ANTAGONIZES ETHANOL INHIBITION IN P2X4 RECEPTORS

ATP-gated purinergic P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) are expressed in the CNS and are sensitive to ethanol at intoxicating concentrations. P2XRs are trimeric; each subunit consists of two transmembrane (TM) alpha helical segments, a large extracellular domain, and intracellular amino and carboxy terminals. Recent work indicates that position 336 (Met336) in the TM2 segment is critical for ethanol modulation of P2X4Rs. Anthelmintic medication ivermectin (IVM) positively modulates P2X4Rs and is believed to act in the same region as ethanol. The present study tested the hypothesis that IVM can antagonize ethanol action. We investigated IVM and ethanol effects in wildtype and mutant P2X4Rs expressed in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp. IVM antagonized ethanol-induced inhibition of P2X4Rs in a concentration-dependent manner. The size and charge of substitutions at position 336 affected P2X4R sensitivity to both, ethanol and IVM. The first molecular model of the rat P2X4R, built onto the X-ray crystal structure of zebrafish P2X4R, revealed a pocket formed by Asp331, Met336, Trp46 and Trp50 that may play a role in the actions of ethanol and IVM. These findings provide the first evidence for IVM antagonism of ethanol effects in P2X4Rs and suggest that the antagonism results from the ability of IVM to interfere with ethanol action on the putative pocket at or near position 336. Taken with the building evidence supporting a role for P2X4Rs in ethanol intake, the present findings suggest that the newly identified alcohol pocket is a potential site for development of medication for alcohol use disorders.
L'analyse de données tabulaires avec les modèles lineaires et loglineaires

Analysis of Cross-Tabulation Data with Linear and Loglinear Models. Several models have been proposed to evaluate the strength of the relationships between observed variables, some dependent on others. In particular, when the variables are categorical, models in which the effects are considered additive (linear models), or multiplicative (loglinear/logit models) are often used. In the most complète version of these models, dependence relationships between several categorical dépendent and independent variables can be modelled. The aim of this article is to provide basic knowledge of these models to be able to apply them satisfactorily. The fundamental dependency equations, the construction of the complete models, and récent developments are presented. Further, références to programs that may be used to apply these models, and to more technical works, are provided. This présentation is based on the analysis of an example.
A REVIEW ON CURRENT TRENDS OF NANOEMULSION

: The Nanoemulsions have the potential in pharmaceutical industries because of the transparency at high droplet volume fraction, higher rate of bioavailability or diffusion and increased shelf life of the pharmaceuticals. Nanoemulsions are submicron sized emulsions that are under investigation as drug carriers for improving the delivery of therapeutic agents. These are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of oil, water, surfactant and co-surfactant. Reduction in droplet size to nanoscale leads to change in physical properties such as optical transparency and unusual elastic behaviour. Nanoemulsion droplet sizes are ranges from 20- 200nm and shows narrow size distribution. It is focused to give the brief regarding formulation aspect, evaluation parameters and various application of the nanoemulsions, several techniques are to be used for preparation of nanoemulsions like microfluidization, high pressure homogenization, low energy emulsification and solvent evaporation method and parameter that are to be used for its characterization like droplet size analysis, viscosity determination, drug content, refractive index, pH, zeta potential, SEM, Transmission electron microscopy, thermal stability, drug release and in vitro skin permeation study. Nanoemulsions have widespread applications in different fields such as pharmaceutics, targeted drug delivery, food technology etc.
T Cell Depending on the Differentiation State of the Dual Effects of Sprouty1 on TCR Signaling

Sprouty (Spry) is known to be a negative feedback inhibitor of growth factor receptor signaling through inhibition of the Ras/ MAPK pathway. Several groups, however, have reported a positive role for Spry involving sequestration of the inhibitory protein c-Cbl. Thus, Spry may have various functions in the regulation of receptor-mediated signaling depending on the context. In the immune system, the function of Spry is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Spry1 in T cell activation. Spry1, among the four mammalian homologs, was speciﬁcally induced by TCR signaling of CD4 (cid:1) murine T cells. In fully differentiated Th1 clones, overexpressed Spry1 inhibited TCR signaling and decreased IL-2 production while reducing expression with speciﬁc siRNA transfection had the opposite effect, increasing IL-2 production. In contrast, in naive T cells, Spry1 overexpression enhanced TCR signaling, and increased proliferation and IL-2 production, while siRNA transfection again had the opposite effect, reducing IL-2 production following activation. The enhancing effect in naive cells was abrogated by preactivation of the T cells with Ag and APC, indicating that the history of exposure to Ag is correlated with a hierarchy of T cell responsiveness to Spry1. Furthermore, both the NF-AT and MAPK pathways were inﬂuenced by Spry1, implying a different molecular mechanism from that for growth factor receptor signaling. Thus, Spry1 uses a novel mechanism to bring about differential effects on TCR signaling through the same receptor, depending on the differentiation state of the T cell. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 176: 6034– 6045. a 37°C water bath. Samples were transferred to 24-well plates containing 1 ml of prewarmed medium. The cells were incubated for 4 h in a37°C incubator containing 5% CO 2 and then harvested and counted. To investigate the induction of protein, cells were stimulated with plate-bound Ab in 6 well plates for 16 h. For cytokine assays, an aliquot of the same cells was stimulated with either peptide- pulsed APCs or plate-bound Ab in 96-well plates for 48 h. The siRNA sequences speciﬁc for mouse Spry1 (AAGCAGCUGCUGGUGGAAGAC) and a nontargeting siRNA (UAGCGACUAAACACAUCAA) were synthesized and annealed by the manufacturer (Dharmacon).
KÄSITE VAI KEHITTÄMISEN VÄLINE?

Ihmiskunnan historiassa olemme tilanteessa, jossa voi aiheellisesti olla huolissaan lajimme selviytymisestä jopa lähitulevaisuudessa. Ihmisen oppimisen valmiuksiin suhtaudutaan kuitenkin hyvin optimistisesti. Koulutus on keskeisessä asemassa esimerkiksi sosiaalista tasa-arvoisuutta ja kestävää kehitystä koskevissa tulevaisuuden strategioissa. Tästä näkökulmasta oppivien organisaatioiden ja oppimisyhteiskunnan rakentaminen on hyvin oleellista huomattavasti ”tehokkuuden maksimointia” laajemmassa mielessä. Tulevaisuudessa ei riitä se, että tuotantolaitokset toimivat taloudellisesti mahdollisimman tehokkaasti. Yhteiskuntarauhan säilyttämiseksi ja ekokatastrofien ehkäisemikseksi tarvitaan myös ”uudenlaista ajattelua tuottavia” organisaatioita, joissa ihmiset jaksavat ja haluavat toimia. Organisaatioiden tutkijat ovatkin todenneet, että kaikkien organisaatioiden olisi oman selviämisensä vuoksi pyrittävä kehittymään oppiviksi organisaatioiksi (mm. Senge, 1990; Pedler et al., 1991). Puhe tietoyhteiskunnasta on alkanut muuttua puheeksi oppimisyhteiskunnasta (mm. Euroopan komission valkoinen kirja koulutuksesta 1996). Koulutusorganisaatiot peruskoulusta lähtien olisivat luontevia tahoja toimimaan tämän kehityksen kärjessä. Peruskoulu koskettaa miltei jokaista yhteiskunnan jäsentä ja sen jälkeenkin suurin osa ihmisistä viettää elämänsä aikana yhä enemmän aikaa nimenomaan koulutusorganisaatioissa. Kehitys kohti oppimisen yhteiskuntaa edellyttää kuitenkin koulujen muuttumista oppiviksi organisaatioiksi, oppimisyhteisöiksi. Tällöin peTIINA SOINI, MAIJALIISA RAUSTE-VON WRIGHT & KIRSI PYHÄLTÖ OPPIVA ORGANISAATIO – TYHJÄ
May 09, 2020 Miniature ultrasound ring array transducers for transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation of

Background: Current transcranial ultrasound stimulation for small animal in vivo experiment is limited to acute stimulation under anesthesia in stereotaxic fixation due to bulky and heavy curved transducers. Methods: We developed a miniaturized ultrasound ring array transducer which is capable of invoking motor responses through neuromodulation of freely-moving awake mice. Results: The developed transducer is a 32-element, 183-kHz ring array with a weight of 0.035 g (with PCB: 0.73 g), a diameter of 8.1 mm, a focal length of 2.3 mm, and lateral resolution of 2.75 mm. By developing an affixation scheme suitable for freely-moving animals, the transducer was successfully coupled to the mouse brain and induced motor responses in both affixed and awake states. Conclusion: Ultrasound neuromodulation of a freely-moving animal is now possible using the developed lightweight and compact system to conduct a versatile set of in vivo experiments.
The Financial Viability of RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification ) Technology : A case of 1 Sheep Feedlots 2 3 4

52 Agriculture has been confronted with a wide range of challenges and sustainable solutions are 53 required to fulfill the growing demands. Precision Agriculture Technology, such as Radio 54 Frequency Identification (RFID) is paving the way for agricultural producers to fulfill demands 55 by allowing more precise input management. This study aimed to evaluate the financial 56 viability of implementing RFID technology in a South African sheep feedlot. The data used in 57 the study consist of a sample size of 508 sheep that was collected at a sheep feedlot situated in 58 the Western Cape Province of South Africa who has incorporated an RFID system in their 59 operation. The four techniques applied in this study to evaluate investment into such a system 60 were the return on investment, simple payback period, internal rate of return and the net present 61 value. Results show that it will not be worthwhile for sheep feedlots to invest in RFID systems 62 if their only purpose is to identify non-performing lambs after a 14 day feeding period. If RFID 63 data is made part of a feedlot strategic management the investment will be viable. This will 64 allow for more strategic decisions to be made and ensure that feedlots can operate profitably 65 and sustainably. 66
An Fuzzy En-route Filtering Scheme for Data Reporting in Wireless Sensor Networks

In remote sensor systems, foes can infuse false information reports by means of traded off hubs and dispatch DoS assaults against authentic reports. As of late, various sifting plans against false reports have been proposed. In any case, they either need solid separating limit or can't bolster profoundly dynamic sensor arranges extremely well. In addition, few of them can manage DoS assaults at the same time. In this paper, we propose a dynamic on the way separating plan that locations both false report infusion and DoS assaults in remote sensor systems. In our plan, every hub has a hash chain of confirmation keys used to embrace reports; meanwhile, a true blue report ought to be validated by a specific number of hubs. In the first place, every hub disperses its vital component to sending hubs. At that point, subsequent to sending reports, the sending hubs unveil their keys, permitting the sending hubs to check their reports. We outline the Hill Climbing key dispersal approach that guarantees the hubs nearer to information sources have more grounded separating limit. Besides, we abuse the communicate property of remote correspondence to thrashing DoS assaults and receive multipath directing to manage the topology changes of sensor systems. Reenactment comes about demonstrate that contrasted with existing arrangements, our plan can drop false reports prior with a lower memory prerequisite, particularly in exceedingly dynamic sensor systems.
Galois representations on profinite braid groups on curves.

0.1. Back ground. Throughout this paper, k c C denotes a subfield of the complex number field C, and £ denotes the algebraic closure of k in C. For a smooth geometrically irreducible variety V defined over k, we denote by V the variety F(x)k£", and denote by K (V) the function field of V. Let χ be a scheme-theoretic point of V (not necessarily closed), and let χ be a geometric point on x. Then, there is a short exact sequence of profinite groups
Gunnar Fant’s contribution to speech perception: forcing the speech code

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Gunnar Fant’s contribution to speech perception: forcing the speech code WillySerniclaes
Reduction in colposcopy workload and associated clinical activity following HPV catch-up vaccination programme in Scotland: an ecological study

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with high mortality. Active Transforming Growth Factor 1 (TGF1) is considered central to the pathogenesis of IPF. A major mechanism of TGF1 activation in the lung involves the epithelially restricted αvβ6 integrin. Expression of the αvβ6 integrin is dramatically increased in IPF. How v6 integrin expression is regulated in pulmonary epithlium is unknown. Here we identified a region in the β6 subunit gene (ITGB6) promoter acting to markedly repress basal gene transcription, which responds to both the Ets domain-containing protein Elk1 (Elk1) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Both Elk1, and GR, can regulate v6 integrin expression in vitro. We demonstrate Elk1 binding to the ITGB6 promoter basally, and that manipulation of Elk1, or Elk1 binding, alters ITGB6 promoter activity, gene transcription and αvβ6 integrin expression. Crucially, we find that loss of Elk1 causes enhanced Itgb6 expression and exaggerated lung fibrosis in an in vivo model of fibrosis, whereas the GR agonist Dexamethasone inhibits Itgb6 expression. Moreover Elk1 dysregulation is present in epithelium from patients with IPF. These data reveal a novel role for Elk1 regulating ITGB6 expression and highlight how dysregulation of Elk1 can contribute to human disease.
Use of the particle level set method for enhanced resolution of free surface flows

A new numerical method for improving the mass conservation properties of the level set method when the interface is passively advected in a flow field is proposed. The method, a hybrid “Particle Level Set Method”, uses Lagrangian marker particles to rebuild a level set representation of the interface in regions which are under-resolved. This is often the case for flows undergoing stretching and tearing. A level set only approach towards maintaining small-scale interface features is subject to excessive amounts of numerical regularization. This numerical regularization artificially alters or destroy these features. By combining a simple Lagrangian method, massless marker particles, with the level set method, the ability to smoothly represent both large and small scale geometrical features is obtained while maintaining the implementation simplicity characteristic of the level set method. A variety of interface tracking tests, including a newly proposed three dimensional deformation flow test case, are performed to demonstrate that the method compares favorably with volume of fluid methods in the conservation of mass and purely Lagrangian schemes for interface resolution. The robustness of the method in representing complex, three dimensional free surface fluid flows is illustrated through its use in producing physically based animations of the pouring of a glass of water; the splash generated by the impact of a ball thrown into a tank of water; and the breaking of a wave on a submerged beach. The behavior of the water is calculated by a three dimensional Navier-Stokes free surface fluid simulation. A novel application of a level set based velocity extrapolation technique is used to provide a smooth, physically based velocity field away from the liquid at the interface. This velocity field satisfies the physical boundary conditions at the interface and provides a plausible velocity field for use by Lagrangian particles outside the liquid as required by the “Particle Level Set Method”. Selected frames from each of the animations are provided.
Pressures in the Plal Arterial Microcirculation of the Cat during Changes in Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure

Dynamic arterial blood pressures were recorded by micropuncture of 99 cortical surface arteries and arterioles in cats anesthetized with pentobarbital or chloralose and urediane, using the Wiederhielm servocontrolled micropipette pressure system incorporating pipette tips less than 0.5/A in diameter. During these measurements, systemic blood pressure was varied by supplemental intravenous administration of barbiturate, by intravenous administration of norepinephrine, or by arterial hemorrhage and reinfusion. Pial arterial blood pressure varied systematically with the changes in systemic blood pressure, forming a basis for analysis and synthesis of the results. Measurements in individual vessels indicated that the range of pressures and of pressure responses of the cortical surface vessels was variable with both vessel size and prevailing end-expiratory gas CO2 content. Pooled data indicated that 398 of the loss in pressure head occurred in arteries upstream from the largest (300/x or more in diameter) surface arteries, 21% between these arteries and surface arterioles 50^/. or less in diameter, and 40% downstream from the surface arterioles at a systemic blood pressure of 50 mm Hg. At a systemic blood pressure of 180 mm Hg the upstream loss decreased to 33%, loss across the pial vessels decreased to 15%, and the downstream loss increased to 52%. Thus, the results indicated that the cerebrovascular response to changes in systemic blood pressure occurred predominantly downstream from the surface arterial vasculature.