Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alih kode dan campur kode tuturan di lingkungan pendidikan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan alih kode dan campur kode yang digunakan oleh penutur di lingkungan SMK di Kota Medan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bahasa-bahasa yang digunakan oleh guru dan siswa pada saat pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan penggunaan alih kode dan campur kode yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah teknik pengamatan, teknik wawancara dan teknik rekam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alih kode dan campur kode yang terjadi ialah bahasa Inggris,bahasa Batak, dan bahasa Indonesia. Jenis alih kode yang ditemukan adalah bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Batak. Jenis campur kode yang ditemukan adalah campur kode ke dalam dan campur kode keluar dengan menggunakan bahasa Indonesia,bahasa Inggris, dan bahasa Batak dengan bentuk kata, kelompok kata, kata ulang, ungkapan dan klausa.Code Switching and Code Mixing on the Speech of Education Environment AbstractThe research aims to describe code switching and code mixing that are used by speaker in vacation high school at Medan. This research is a qualitative descriptive. The subject of this research is languages used by teacher and students in learning Indonesian. The object of this research is code switching and code mixing used on learning Indonesian.The method used to collecting the data are observational echniques, interview techniques and recording techniques. The result shows that languages undergoing code switching and code mixing are English, Bataknese and indnesian. The type of code switching found is Bataknese languages to Indonesian languages.furthermor, the type of code mixing found is inner code-mixing and outer code -mixing by using Indonesian language, English and Bataknese with the form of the word, group of words, repetition of word, expression and clause.
Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) — based electrical property mapping for human tissues

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of electrical properties, namely dielectric constant, εr, and conductivity, σ, is valuable to various diagnostic and therapeutic technologies and for in vivo specific absorption rate (SAR) mapping in high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Electrical property mapping (EPM) is crucial to the early detection of various cancers for the reason that electrical properties (EP's) of cancerous tissues at different stages are distinguishable from healthy ones. Moreover, EP's show high tissue contrast therefore EPM are good to show anatomical structures of human body. This talk introduces the up to date research on non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based electrical property mapping for human tissues, from both the literature and the speaker's research group.
Reduced-cost Chlamydia trachomatis-specific multiplex real-time 3 PCR diagnostic assay evaluated for ocular swabs and use by 4 trachoma research programmes

Butcher, Robert; Houghton, Jo; Derrick, Tamsyn; Ramadhani, Athumani; Herrera, Beatriz; Last, Anna R; Massae, Patrick A; Burton, Matthew J; Holland, Martin J; Roberts, Chrissy H; (2017) Reduced-cost Chlamydia trachomatis-specific multiplex real-time PCR diagnostic assay evaluated for ocular swabs and use by trachoma research programmes. Journal of microbiological methods, 139. pp. 95-102. ISSN 0167-7012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet. 2017.04. 010 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm. ac.uk/id/eprint/3894582/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet. 2017.04. 010
My Friends or the Crowd ? Information Cascades in Online Movie Ratings

Online product ratings are widely available on the Internet and are known to influence prospective buyers. An emerging literature has started to look at how ratings are generated and, in particular, how they are influenced by prior ratings. We study the social influence of prior ratings and, in particular, investigate any differential impact of prior ratings by strangers (“crowd”) versus friends. We find evidence of both herding and differentiation behavior in crowd ratings wherein users’ ratings are influenced positively or negatively by prior ratings depending on movie popularity. In contrast, friends’ ratings always induce herding. Further, the presence of social networking reduces the likelihood of herding on prior ratings by the crowd. Finally, we find that an increase in the number of friends who can potentially observe a user’s rating (“audience size”) has a positive impact on ratings. These findings raise questions about the reliability of ratings as unbiased indicators of quality and advocate the need for techniques to debias rating systems.
Modelling and Parameter Identiication of Harmonic Drive Systems

The unique performance features of harmonic drives, such as high gear ratios and high torque capacities in a compact geometry, justify their widespread industrial application, especially in robotics. However, harmonic drives can exhibit surprisingly more complex dynamic behavior than conventional gear transmissions. In this paper, a systematic way to capture and rationalize the dynamic behavior of the harmonic drive systems is examined. Simple and accurate models for compliance , hysteresis, and friction are proposed, and the model parameters are estimated using least{squares approximation for linear and nonlinear regression models. A statistical measure of variation is deened, by which the reliability of the estimated parameter for diierent operating condition, as well as the accuracy and integrity of the proposed model is quantiied. Finally, the model performance is assessed by a simulation verifying the experimental results on two diierent harmonic drives.
Computing f ‐divergences and distances of high‐dimensional probability density functions

Very often, in the course of uncertainty quantification tasks or data analysis, one has to deal with high‐dimensional random variables. Here the interest is mainly to compute characterizations like the entropy, the Kullback–Leibler divergence, more general f$$ f $$ ‐divergences, or other such characteristics based on the probability density. The density is often not available directly, and it is a computational challenge to just represent it in a numerically feasible fashion in case the dimension is even moderately large. It is an even stronger numerical challenge to then actually compute said characteristics in the high‐dimensional case. In this regard it is proposed to approximate the discretized density in a compressed form, in particular by a low‐rank tensor. This can alternatively be obtained from the corresponding probability characteristic function, or more general representations of the underlying random variable. The mentioned characterizations need point‐wise functions like the logarithm. This normally rather trivial task becomes computationally difficult when the density is approximated in a compressed resp. low‐rank tensor format, as the point values are not directly accessible. The computations become possible by considering the compressed data as an element of an associative, commutative algebra with an inner product, and using matrix algorithms to accomplish the mentioned tasks. The representation as a low‐rank element of a high order tensor space allows to reduce the computational complexity and storage cost from exponential in the dimension to almost linear.
Binary Adder- Subtracter in QCA

In VLSI fabrication, the chip size has been reduced dramatically. With the current pace of scaling CMOS technology is set to hit a roadblock in the next few years, where it cannot be further scaled down due to several reasons like tunnel currents, quantum effects, subthreshold leakage, short channel effects, fabrication costs and interconnect delay etc. One of the most promising nanotechnologies which can replace the present transistor based CMOS technology is the Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata. The major advantages of this technology are lesser power dissipation, improved speed and dense structures. In this paper, I propose an adder-subtracter as an extension to the already existing adder, which can perform both addition and subtraction operations, by occupying lesser area and reducing delay considerably. Keywords—Adder-Subtractor;Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA).
Photo-based participatory research : exploring the objectives of visiting a historical district

This study quantitatively investigates relationships between visitors’ objectives for visiting a historical district, using photo-based participatory research. Thirty Japanese undergraduates majoring in commerce and 27 Japanese adults with an interest in architecture and/or town planning were asked to photograph noteworthy settings in a historical district and rate to what extent each setting portrayed nine objectives on scales. The ratings were subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The findings offer insights into visitors’ objectives, particularly their perception of commercialisation and perceived relationships between the pursuit of novelty and of well-known things, which are suggested to be affected by visitors’ characteristics.
Spatial variability of crop water stress in an olive grove with high-spatial thermal remote sensing imagery.

The Airborne Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) was used to acquire images with a 2.5 m spatial resolution in the visible, near infrared and thermal spectral regions over an olive orchard in southern Spain to study the spatial variability of water stress. The AHS sensor was equipped with 20 channels of 20 nm bandwidth in the visible and near infrared region, 1 channel of 200 nm bandwidth, 42 channels of 13 nm bandwidth in the mid infrared, 7 channels of 300nm bandwidth for short-wave infrared, and 10 channels of 400nm in the long-wave infrared spectral region. Aircraft flights were scheduled at 7:30, 9:30 and 12:30 GMT in July 2004 to study the spatial and temporal variation of orchard tree temperatures as a function of the diurnal variation of water stress. Water and bare soil temperatures were measured simultaneously to the airborne sensor overflights to calibrate the thermal AHS imagery, acquiring atmospheric optical thickness at the time of image collection. Imagery was processed applying geometric, radiometric and atmospheric corrections. The high spatial resolution AHS data enabled the temperature of the top of the tree to be targeted, minimizing structural mixed pixel effects. Olive tree emissivities were measured in the field with a CIMEL instrument, and the soil emissivity was measured using a bottomless box. Water potential, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were measured weekly in olive trees under 3 different water stress treatments from June to November 2004 to track the effects of water stress on the trees’ condition and functioning. Infrared sensors were placed on top of the trees for diurnal thermal data collection and validation of the thermal imagery collected. Results of the remote sensing thermal analysis show that this methodology allows mapping of the spatial variability of water stress with a potential applicability in precision agriculture for management of controlled deficit irrigation methods.
Current practice in the management of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill 1 patients: A UK-wide survey 2

New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in critically ill patients. Although evidence base and expert consensus opinion for management have been summarised in several international guidelines, no specific considerations for critically ill patients have been included. We aimed to establish current practice of management of critically ill patients with new-onset AF. Strengths and Strengths: A UK-wide survey describing common practice in management of new-onset atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients Identification of a research interest in practising intensivists to address new onset atrial fibrillation as a common clinical problem in acutely ill patients Description of disparity in anti-arrhythmic strategies and management of anticoagulation in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation Limitations: The low response rate may limit generalisability of findings The survey was limited to members of the Intensive Care Society and may not reflect non-members’ views. The survey was aimed at general intensivists without specifically addressing management of perioperative or cardiac patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation.
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Treatment

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is frequently seen among athletes, particularly those involved in sports that heavily utilize the extensor mechanisms of the leg (i.e., basketball and volleyball). Symptoms are commonly exacerbated by load-related activities (i.e., jumping) due to the storage and distribution of stress forces through the patellar tendon potentiating small tears. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of PubMed and Medline was conducted using a combination of key words and MeSH terms. Key words included platelet-rich plasma (PRP), patellar tendinopathy, patellar tendon, jumper’s knee, patella, physiotherapy, conservative management, and extracted information was independently reviewed by two co-authors. Review: The current mainstay of treatment for patellar tendinopathy remains physical therapy, with a good body of evidence supporting eccentric training programs with decline squats. In recent years, PRP has emerged as a promising treatment modality for a variety of musculoskeletal injuries, due to its role in accelerated healing and ability to shorten overall recovery time. However, currently there is a lack of consistent clinical evidence to support the routine use of PRP in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. Conclusion: Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition, particularly among athletes in sports with repetitive jumping activities. While PRP is a promising therapy for both symptom resolution and regenerative healing, physical therapy remains the mainstay of conservative treatment at this time. This review highlights the need for further standardized and high-power randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) to fully elucidate the potential efficacy of PRP and its role in the treatment of patellar tendinopathy.
<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathtt {SIEGE}$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="monospace">SIEGE</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ma-ieq1-3282981.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>: A Semantics-Guided Safety Enhancement Framework for AI-Enabled C

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) have been widely adopted in various industry domains to support many important tasks that impact our daily lives, such as automotive vehicles, robotics manufacturing, and energy systems. As Artificial Intelligence (AI) has demonstrated its promising abilities in diverse tasks like decision-making, prediction, and optimization, a growing number of CPSs adopt AI components in the loop to further extend their efficiency and performance. However, these modern AI-enabled CPSs have to tackle pivotal problems that the AI-enabled control systems might need to compensate the balance across multiple operation requirements and avoid possible defections in advance to safeguard human lives and properties. Modular redundancy and ensemble method are two widely adopted solutions in the traditional CPSs and AI communities to enhance the functionality and flexibility of a system. Nevertheless, there is a lack of deep understanding of the effectiveness of such ensemble design on AI-CPSs across diverse industrial applications. Considering the complexity of AI-CPSs, existing ensemble methods fall short of handling such huge state space and sophisticated system dynamics. Furthermore, an ideal control solution should consider the multiple system specifications in real-time and avoid erroneous behaviors beforehand. Such that, a new specification-oriented ensemble control system is of urgent need for AI-CPSs. In this paper, we propose $\mathtt {SIEGE}$SIEGE, a semantics-guided ensemble control framework to initiate an early exploratory study of ensemble methods on AI-CPSs and aim to construct an efficient, robust, and reliable control solution for multi-tasks AI-CPSs. We first utilize a semantic-based abstraction to decompose the large state space, capture the ongoing system status and predict future conditions in terms of the satisfaction of specifications. We propose a series of new semantics-aware ensemble strategies and an end-to-end Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) hierarchical ensemble method to improve the flexibility and reliability of the control systems. Our large-scale, comprehensive evaluations over five subject CPSs show that 1) the semantics abstraction can efficiently narrow the large state space and predict the semantics of incoming states, 2) our semantics-guided methods outperform state-of-the-art individual controllers and traditional ensemble methods, and 3) the DRL hierarchical ensemble approach shows promising capabilities to deliver a more robust, efficient, and safety-assured control system. To enable further research along this direction to build better AI-enabled CPS, we made all of the code and experimental results data publicly. (https://sites.google.com/view/ai-cps-siege/home).
Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Kenyan Adolescents With the Sickle Cell Trait

The potential association between sickle cell trait (SCT) and increased arterial stiffness/blood pressure (BP) has not been evaluated in detail despite its association with stroke, sudden death, and renal disease. We performed 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and arterial stiffness measurements in adolescents raised in a malaria-free environment in Kenya. Between December 2015 and June 2016, 938 randomly selected adolescents (ages 11 – 17 years) who had been continuous residents of Nairobi from birth were invited to participate in the study. Standard clinic BP measurement was performed, followed by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring and arterial stiffness measurement using an Arteriograph24 (TensioMed Ltd., Budapest, Hungary) device. SCT status was determined using DNA genotyping in contemporaneously collected blood samples. Of the 938 adolescents invited to participate, 609 (65%) provided complete data for analysis. SCT was present in 103 (15%). Mean 24-hour systolic and diastolic BPs were 116 (standard deviation (SD), 11.5) mm Hg and 64 (SD, 7) mm Hg, respectively, in children with SCT and 117 (SD, 11.4) mm Hg and 64 (SD, 6.8) mm Hg, respectively, in non-SCT children. Mean pulse wave velocity (PWV) was 7.1 (SD, 0.8) m/second and 7.0 (SD, 0.8) m/second in SCT and non-SCT children, respectively. We observed no differences in PWV or in any clinic or ambulatory BP-derived measures between adolescents with and without SCT. These data suggest that SCT does not independently in ﬂ uence BP or PWV. deviation. ltration white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and nondipping pattern ABPM
Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of Attitudes Towards Intellectual Disability Questionnaire-Short Form (A-ATTID-S)

Purpose Positive attitudes toward intellectual disability contribute to the effective inclusion of people with intellectual disability (PWID) in society, thereby enhancing their quality of life. The literature on tools for measuring attitudes towards PWID in Arabic is limited. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Attitudes towards Intellectual Disability Questionnaire-Short Form (ATTID-S) using an Arab population to assess its factor structure and reliability. Materials and Methods A total of 812 Arabic native speakers who lived in Tunisia were recruited. The exploratory sample consisted of 223 subjects divided into male (n = 121, 54.26%) and female (n = 102, 45.74%) with an age range of between 18 and 64 (mean = 32.7 ±9.2 years). The confirmatory sample comprised 589 participants, male (n = 357, 60.61%) and female (n = 232, 39.38%), with a mean age of 31.61 (SD = 12.43). A cross-cultural translation of ATTID-S was carried. The Arab attitudes towards intellectual disability scale (A-ATTID-S) was tested using exploratory factor analysis, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor solution explaining up to 68.74 of the total variation, with items having lambda factor loadings ranging from 0.53 to 0.9. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis, which used a wide range of goodness-of-fit indices that met the recommended standards, confirmed the measure’s robustness. The internal consistency reliability of each of the subscales was investigated using reliability analysis. Cronbach’s alpha scores for the subscales and total score were satisfactory. Moreover, differences in the A-ATTID-S scores between male and female with age as covariate were demonstrated. Conclusion The A-ATTID-S is a good psychometric scale that can be used to assess the attitude of a general population towards intellectual disability in the Arabic-speaking world.
Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: Current practice and results of renal transplantation

Objective: In 2009, 1659 patients with end‐stage renal failure in Hong Kong were waiting for a renal transplant. The overall number of renal transplants carried out locally remains low, with an even lower number being live donor donations. Yet, live donor kidney transplantation yields results that are consistently superior to those of deceased donor kidney transplantation, and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is increasingly accepted worldwide as a safe and preferred surgical option. We aim to evaluate the outcome of LDN in our setting, and to compare with that of deceased donors in this retrospective review.
New access control systems based on outsourced attribute-based encryption

As cloud computing becomes prevalent, more and more sensitive data is being centralized into the cloud for sharing, which brings forth new challenges for outsourced data security and privacy. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising cryptographic primitive, which has been widely applied to design fine-grained access control system recently. However, ABE is criticized for its high scheme overhead as the computational cost grows with the complexity of the access formula. This disadvantage becomes more serious for mobile devices with constrained computing resources. Aiming at tackling the challenge above, we present a generic and efficient solution to implement attribute-based access control system by introducing secure outsourcing techniques ∗A preliminary version of this paper has been presented at ESORICS 2013 [34] †Corresponding author, Tel: 703-538-3774; Email: wjlou@vt.edu