Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Historical and anthropogenic influences on genetic variation in bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Arrow Lakes, British Columbia

This work investigates, within a watershed, (i) the distribution of an organism and its genetic variation and (ii) the mechanisms and consequences of anthropogenic influences on those distributions. I collected genetic data (at mitochondrial D N A and five nuclear microsatellite loci) for bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus, sampled from sites spanning approximately 260 km of the Columbia River, in Canada. Bull trout are recognized as a species of special conservation concern throughout almost all of their declining range. I performed analyses focussed on the conservation implications of management initiatives on resident and migratory life history forms. Large proportions of genetic variation were distributed among geographic locations. Populations were strongly genetically divided by waterfalls. Another obvious division occurred among mutually accessible habitats. I concluded that postglacial geological history was largely responsible for observed genetic divisions in both cases. Analyses further suggested that migratory behaviour (i.e., homing) and local selection against dispersers sustain this differentiation. Genetic diversity among bull trout populations is vulnerable to habitat degradation and to attempts to compensate for that degradation. Invasibility of exogenous allelic variation may be higher in resident populations than in migratory ones, but activities that reduce densities of bull trout (e.g., poaching, collection of broodstock) may promote recruitment of exogenous allelic variation in migratory populations. Despite anthropogenic impacts, substantial genetic variation still exists in the study area. Prioritizing populations and their habitats for conservation is difficult because they generally represent distinct evolutionary histories, as interpreted from allelic diversity and identity. Further, while allelic diversity in resident populations correlated positively with the presence of other fish species, rare alleles were more common in genetically depauperate populations. Consequently, intrapopulation diversity and uniqueness are traded-off intraspecifically, and habitats containing representative bull trout populations are unlikely to represent other biological diversity. Conservation of representative migratory populations is difficult also, as they are harvested in a mixed-population fishery. The fishery likely poses a greater risk to some populations than to others. Migratory bull trout are not panmictic in their feeding areas, however, and judicious use of no-harvest zones could protect susceptible populations with high value for conservation.
EngagedScholarship@CSU EngagedScholarship@CSU

Irregularities in the perimeter of a water droplet adhering to a vertical pane of glass cause perturbations in the curvature of the droplet surface. When laser light passes through such a droplet, the perturbations produce a far field refraction caustic, which is a section of the caustic known as the parabolic umbilic in the catastrophe theory classification. As the water evaporates and the droplet surface curvature changes, the section of the parabolic umbilic caustic on the viewing screen also changes. We determine the evolution of curvature of the droplet surface by observing the evolution of the far field caustic and the locations on the droplet responsible for the various features of the caustic.
Hydrological and ecological functions of litter layers for main forest-types in Qinling Mts.of Yellow River

By means of standard site-water balance fields and gathering baskets,the main func-tion s of litter layers for3forest-types of the Pine-oak forest belt in Qinling Mts.were examined,the result s are as follows:the average standing crop for sharptooth oak stand at age26,Ar mand pine stand at age24and Chinese pine stand at age24was17.475t/ha in the order of Armand pineChinese pinesharptooth oak stand.The average annual falling litters for the3stands was4.179t/ha,of which the sharptooth oak stand was1.4times as high as the Armand pine or Chi-nese pine stand,but the accumulated litters for the former was less than half of the latter two.During the growth season the average retaining water for the3stands was44.81mm,being4.47% of the corresponding atmospheric precipitation.Among which the amount in broad-leaved stand was higher than in needle-leaved stand and changed with accumulated litters and tree species composition and so on.The orders of woodland evaporation and it's rate are put as naked landbroad-leaved woodlandneedle-leaved woodland and naked woodlandlitter-covered woodland,the seasonal variation for the woodland evaporation in needle-leaved stand was much more stable than in broad-leaved stand.The average percentage contents of N,P,K,Ca and Mg in the litters for the3stands was1.08,0.07,0.37,1.37and0. 21respectively.In general,the average fig ure in sharp tooth oak stand was much higher than in Armand pine and Chinese pine stands,but there was no evident difference between that in Armand pine and Chinese pine stands.The average nutrient accumulated contents of the litters for the3stands was502.5kg/ha in the order of Chinese pineArmand pinesharptooth oak stand.The annual nutrient uptake and return of the sharptooth oak,Chinese pine and Armand pine stand were334.4and147. 2,195.5and66. 9,138.8and80. 4kg /ha respectively with difference in the determined elements.The sharptooth oak stand not only required much more nutrient contents,but also had quicker bio-cycling rate than Chinese pine and Armand pine stand.
Modulation of the intraseasonal variability in early summer precipitation in eastern China by the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and the Madden–Julian Oscillation

Abstract. Using the reanalysis and multiple observations, the possible impact of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on early summer (June–July) rainfall in eastern China and its modulation by the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) are examined. The composite results show that the suppressed (enhanced) convection anomalies for MJO phases 8–1 (4–5) are more concentrated over the maritime continent and the western Pacific during easterly QBO (EQBO). As a consequence, more significant wet (dry) anomalies develop in South (eastern) China during MJO phases 8–1 (4–5) configured with easterly (westerly) QBO. The enhancement and expansion of the anomalous tropical convection band do not necessarily correspond to enhancement of the extratropical circulation response to MJO phases 8–1 (4–5) configured with westerly (easterly) QBO. The anomalous high (low) over the maritime continent and western Pacific associated with MJO phases 8–1 (4–5) is intensified (deepened) during easterly (westerly) QBO, leading to large southwesterly (northeasterly) anomalies in South China and the coasts, carrying abundant (sparse) moisture. Two anomalous meridional circulation cells are observed for MJO phases 8–1 in the East Asia sector, with downwelling anomalies around 5–20∘ N, upwelling anomalies around 20–30∘ N, and another downwelling branch northward of 30∘ N, which are enhanced during easterly QBO. The anomalous meridional circulation cells are reversed for MJO phases 4–5, which are stronger during westerly QBO with the anomalous downwelling and dry anomalies covering eastern China. The combined impact of MJO phases 8–1 and easterly QBO on the early summer rainfall is noticeable in 1996, 2016, and 2020. The enormous rainfall amount appeared along the Yangtze River in 1996, 2016, and 2020 due to the extended period of MJO phases 8–1 under the background of the easterly QBO.
3Detection of Urban Underground Sewage Pipeline Based on YOLOv5-Ghostnet Lightweight Model

To detect anomalies in the sewer environment, we identified five common faults: pipe breakage, deformation displacement, accumulation, corrosion, and detachment. However, traditional target detection methods are often cumbersome, slow, and not efficient. To address these challenges, we proposed a new YOLOv5 lightweight detection technology that introduced feature extraction mechanisms from GhostNet, ShuffleNet, and MobileNet. These mechanisms significantly reduce the computation cost of the model and are suitable for comparative experiments. After introducing the GhostNet feature extraction mechanism, it can be observed that the amount of computation and the substantial decrease in the number of model parameters. The mean average precision also increased from 87.4% to 88.5%. This improvement maintains the detection accuracy while reducing the model's weight. Our research provides an essential reference for lightweight research in this field.
Multilayer framework for digital multicomponent platform design for colorectal survivors and carers: a qualitative study

Background The advent of eHealth services offers the potential to support colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and their informal caregivers (ICs), yet research into user needs and design requirements remains scant. This exploratory qualitative study addresses this knowledge gap by focusing on the development of a Digital Multicomponent Platform (DMP) designed to provide comprehensive support to these populations. Aims The objective of this research is to use qualitative methodologies to identify key user needs and design requirements for eHealth services. It seeks to propose and apply a multi-tiered framework for creating a DMP that encapsulates the needs of CRC survivors and their ICs. Methods Skype-based focus groups (FGs) were utilized to gather qualitative data from CRC survivors and ICs. This approach served to elicit crucial themes integral to the design of the DMP. A multi-tiered framework was subsequently developed to integrate user-centered design (UCD) principles and requirements with predetermined outcomes, eHealth services, and IT infrastructure. Results The first stage of the analysis identified five crucial themes: (1) the importance of healthcare system interaction via eHealth, (2) interaction between healthcare providers and peers, (3) lifestyle and wellness considerations, (4) platform content and user interface requirements, (5) caregiver support. The second stage analysis applied the multi-tiered framework, to determine the DMP that was conceptualized from these themes, underscores the significance of personalized content, caregiver involvement, and integration with electronic health records (EHRs). Conclusion The study offers novel insights into the design and development of digital supportive care interventions for CRC survivors and their caregivers. The results highlight the utility of user-centered design principles, the significance of personalized content and caregiver involvement, and the need for a unified health data platform that promotes communication among patients, healthcare providers, and peers. This multi-tiered framework could serve as a prototype for future eHealth service designs.
Lung microbiome alterations in patients with anti-Jo1 antisynthetase syndrome and interstitial lung disease

Aim To characterize the lung microbiome in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with Antisynthetase Syndrome (ASSD) according to anti-Jo1 autoantibody positivity and evaluate the correlation with differential cell count and other bacterial genera in BALF. Methods We sequenced the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in the BALF of anti-Jo1-positive (JoP, n=6) and non-Jo1-positive (NJo, n=17) patients, and the differential cell count in BALF was evaluated. The Spearman’s correlation was calculated for the quantitative variables and abundance of bacterial species. Results The Veillonella genus showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in JoP (2.2%) in comparison to NJo (4.1%) patients. The correlation analysis showed several high (rho ≥ ± 0.7) and significant (p < 0.05) correlations. We analyzed the results obtained for the Veillonella genera and other study variables. The JoP group showed that the abundance of Veillonella had a high negative correlation with macrophages (rho = - 0.77) and a positive correlation with eosinophils (rho = 0.77), lymphocytes (rho = 0.77), and Prevotella (rho = 1). Conclusions The lung microbiome in ASSD patients differs and may affect cell composition, contributing to lung damage mechanisms. The presence of anti-Jo1 autoantibodies showed a low abundance of Veillonella. This genus had a strong and positive correlation with Prevotella abundance and levels of eosinophils and lymphocytes, and it showed a strong negative correlation with the percentage of macrophages.
Classification of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Fog for Vision Enhancement

Classification is the prior methodology to design vision enhancement algorithms to make them more efficient. In this reported work, mean intensity value and range of intensity level are proposed for the classification of camera images into homogeneous and heterogeneous fog due to turbid weather conditions for the first time. The use of average intensity and distribution of intensity of synthetic foggy images with different kind of fog are taken as reference to classify camera images. Proposed method is applicable to synthetic as well as camera foggy images. Simulation analysis shows that images with homogeneous fog have always higher mean intensity and narrow range of intensity level within a certain limit than heterogeneous fog. Keywords: Classification, fog, mean intensity, homogeneous, heterogeneous
Plant-soil interactions in cold climate

Francini, Gaia Plant-soil interactions in cold climate. Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2013, 53 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 270) ISBN 978-951-39-5435-2 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5436-9 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Maaperan vuorovaikutussuhteet pohjoisissa ekosysteemeissa. Diss. Soil characteristics such as pH, nutrient availability and organic matter content are often the determinants of soil biota composition, ecosystem functioning and vegetation composition. On the other side, above-ground, herbivory exerts as well a strong effect on soil and its inhabitants. Plants are the interface between these two worlds, and the dynamics connecting soil and plants are strictly interwoven. The aim of this thesis is to investigate in first instance how soil characteristics relate with soil microbial community and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community. Then I investigate the effect of reindeer grazing on plant community, soil community, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nutrient cycling in two low Arctic meadows. As grazing is composed of a sum of different mechanisms, namely trampling, fertilization and defoliation, I also tested whether defoliation rather than fertilization is the main determinant of changes in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundance in plant roots. Soil characteristics played a central role in shaping arbuscular mycorrhizal community. This observation confirms that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi show a certain degree of ecological specificity and adaptation to different environmental conditions. Soil characteristics played also a very important role in determining the ecosystem response to grazing. Plant and microarthropod community had a parallel response to grazing relief, which was observed only in the site characterized by the highest nutrient availability. Grazing relief was responsible of an increase in nutrient cycling, which again was observed only in the nutrient rich site. These findings suggest that the speed of the recovery process from grazing is favored when nutrients are more abundant. I also demonstrated that the different components of grazing have different importance on the variables under investigation. In particular I showed that fertilization and not defoliation caused a reduction in arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in the grass Deschampsia flexuosa.
A New Boost Topology Seven-Level Inverter of High Voltage Gain Ability and Continuous Input Current With MPPT for PV Grid Integration

This paper proposes a single-dc-source, seven-level (7L) inverter scheme with a dynamic voltage gain for solar applications. The proposed circuit is created by joining the two DC-DC boost converters in series for discharging and parallel for charging. The finite set model predictive controller is used to deliver the maximum power to the load. Additional details are provided regarding the mathematical expression of volt-ampere balances. The benefits of the proposed topology over current PV inverters are stressed, proving its superiority. Through experimental validation using a lab hardware setup, an improvement in power quality and efficiency of 96.7% is guaranteed. The empirical results are demonstrated by a number of variables, including load fluctuation, modulation index variation, etc.
Bayesian probabilities for Mw 9.0+ earthquakes in the Aleutian Islands from a regionally scaled global rate

We use the global rate of Mw ≥ 9.0 earthquakes, and standard Bayesian procedures, to estimate the probability of such mega events in the Aleutian Islands, where they pose a significant risk to Hawaii. We find that the probability of such an earthquake along the Aleutians island arc is 6.5% to 12% over the next 50 years (50% credibility interval) and that the annualized risk to Hawai'i is about $30 M. Our method (the regionally scaled global rate method or RSGR) is to scale the global rate of Mw 9.0+ events in proportion to the fraction of global subduction (units of area per year) that takes place in the Aleutians. The RSGR method assumes that Mw 9.0+ events are a Poisson process with a rate that is both globally and regionally stationary on the time scale of centuries, and it follows the principle of Burbidge et al. (2008) who used the product of fault length and convergence rate, i.e., the area being subducted per annum, to scale the Poisson rate for the GSS to sections of the Indonesian subduction zone. Before applying RSGR to the Aleutians, we first apply it to five other regions of the global subduction system where its rate predictions can be compared with those from paleotsunami, paleoseismic, and geoarcheology data. To obtain regional rates from paleodata, we give a closed‐form solution for the probability density function of the Poisson rate when event count and observation time are both uncertain.
Elegant Way of Reaching Destination Using GPS and Drivers Ability

GPS equipped devices act as mobile sensor probing traffic pattern and user experiences to choose the driving direction. Time dependent graph used to describe about traffic pattern of the particular route. Variance Entropy Clustering method is used to find out alloction of travel time between two landmarks in dissimilar time period. Two stage routing algorithm used to find fastest and safest route to reach destination. Rough and refined are the two routing stage algorithm used. Label setting algorithm used to find shortest distance between source and destination. Interactive voting map matching algorithm used for construction of Landmark graph.
Dual-wavelength millimeter-wave radar measurements of cirrus clouds

In April 1994, the University of Massachusetts` 33-GHz/95-GHz Cloud Profiling Radar System (CPRS) participated in the multi-sensor Remote Cloud Sensing (RCS) Intensive Operation Period (IOP), which was conducted at the Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART). During the 3-week experiment, CPRS measured a variety of cloud types and severe weather. In the context of global warming, the most significant measurements are dual-frequency observations of cirrus clouds, which may eventually be used to estimate ice crystal size and shape. Much of the cirrus data collected with CPRS show differences between 33-GHz and 95-GHz reflectivity measurements that are correlated with Doppler estimates of fall velocity. Because of the small range of reflectivity differences, a precise calibration of the radar is required and differential attenuation must also be removed from the data. Depolarization, which is an indicator of crystal shape, was also observed in several clouds. In this abstract we present examples of Mie scattering from cirrus and estimates of differential attenuation due to water vapor and oxygen that were derived from CART radiosonde measurements.
Transformational Leadership: An Evolving Concept Examined through the Works of Burns, Bass, Avolio, and Leithwood

Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going? Although these three simple questions originally posed by Paul Gauguin in the late 1800s were intended to provide meaning to human existence, they do offer a simple analogy to delve into the mysteries and ambiguities of leadership. The following discussion of leadership involves an examination of emerging themes, evolving models and empirical research from some of the most well-known leadership scholars. So as not to develop a myopic view of leadership, theorists from outside of the field of educational administration are discussed and numerous similarities are drawn. The paper will examine some of the conflicting opinions and diverging perspectives of leadership and discuss the overriding debate concerning the most suitable educational leadership model. Who are educational leaders? Are they celebrity CEOs who focus on soliciting public support instead of increasing profits? Are they altruistic individuals committed to the overall organization and the betterment of our children? In what direction are schools going? How will educational leaders navigate others within a culture that fully embraces systemic change?
Dual Beaming Display for Extended Head Orientation and Projection Volume

Existing near-eye displays (NEDs) come with various tradeoffs, including size, weight, and battery life. The new "beaming display" model attempts to address these by splitting the NED into a steering projector (SP) and a passive headset. However, it has limitations in terms of projection area and user head movement. In this research, we utilize two steering projectors to expand the beaming display’s capabilities. We introduce a geometric model and a control method specifically for multiple projectors. Tests indicate an accuracy of 3-19mm and a delay of 14.46 ms from a 1m distance to the SPs, allowing projection onto a 20mm x 30mm area of the headset. This method not only expands head movement possibilities but also shows potential for multiple users and improved dynamic range and binocular presentation.
The Nexus between Capital Structure and Financial Performance of Banks: The Influence of COVID 19 in Tanzania

The purpose of this study was to examine the nexus between capital structure and financial performance of commercial banks in Tanzania. Panel data were used to conduct the empirical study which was extracted from the annual reports of 25 selected commercial banks for the period from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive statistics, correlations, fixed effect, and random effect models were used for the data analysis. Then, with the results of the Hausman Specification Test, the fixed effect model was considered as the most suitable model to examine the relationship between capital structure and ROA. Random effect model was considered as the most suitable model to examine the relationship between capital structure and ROE. This study was one of the very few studies which have investigated the nexus between capital structure and financial performance of commercial banks in Tanzania under COVID 19 impacts which gives the contribution to the existing finance literature.
Association between triglyceride-glucose index and acute kidney injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction based on medical information mart for intensive care database: A cross-sectional study

Background The relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between the two. Methods Participants were enrolled from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMICIV) and grouping of subjects based on the quartile interval of the TyG index. With the presence of AKI as the main outcome, a logistic regression model was constructed. The correlation of the TyG index with the results obtained was examined by using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model.