Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroeconomics: Decision Making and the Brain

Conclusions and Future Directions 169 Challenges for the Future 170 Appendix 170 Formal Presentation of Cumulative Prospect Theory 170 Acknowledgments 171 References 171 Whether we like it or not, we face risk every day of our lives. From selecting a route home from work to selecting a mate, we rarely know in advance and with certainty what the outcome of our decisions will be. Thus, we are forced to make tradeoffs between the attractiveness (or unattractiveness) of potential outcomes and their likelihood of occurrence. The lay conception of " risk " is associated with hazards that fill one with dread or are poorly understood (Slovic, 1987). Managers tend to see risk not as a gamble but as a " challenge to be overcome, " and see risk as increasing with the magnitude of potential losses (e.g., March and Shapira, 1987). Decision theo-rists, in contrast, view risk as increasing with variance in the probability distribution of possible outcomes, regardless of whether a potential loss is involved. For example, a prospect that offers a 50–50 chance of paying $100 or nothing is more risky than a prospect that offers $50 for sure – even though the " risky " prospect entails no possibility of losing money. Since Knight (1921) , economists have distinguished decisions under risk from decisions under uncertainty. In decisions under risk, the decision maker knows with precision the probability distribution of possible outcomes, as when betting on the flip of a coin or entering a lottery with a known number of tickets. 146 In decisions under uncertainty, the decision maker is not provided such information but must assess the probabilities of potential outcomes with some degree of vagueness, as when betting on a victory by the home team or investing in the stock market. In this chapter, we explore behavioral and neuro-economic perspectives on decisions under risk. For simplicity we will confine most of our attention to how people evaluate simple prospects with a single non-zero outcome that occurs with known probability (e.g., a 50–50 chance of winning $100 or nothing), though we will also mention extensions to multiple outcomes and to vague or unknown probabilities. In the remainder of this section we provide a brief overview of economic models of decision making under risk, culminating in prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979 ; Tversky and Kahneman, 1992), the most influential descriptive account that has emerged to date. In …
PROTOCOLO PARA ADQUIRIR TERMOGRAMAS DEL DORSO DE LA MANO CON UN MEJOR CONTRASTE PROTOCOL TO ACQUIRE THERMOGRAMS OF THE BACK OF THE HAND WITH A BETTER CONTRAST

With infrared thermography digital images that visually describe the temperature distribution of the human body, known as thermograms, can be obtained. Although infrared thermography has ventured into the medical field assisting in the diagnosis of diseases that manifest via changes in the surface temperature of the human body, a factor that limits its performance is the low contrast of the thermograms used for diagnostic purposes. In this study we propose a protocol to acquire thermograms with a better contrast by applying topical substances on skin before the thermal imaging. After evaluating the results, both subjectively and objectively, we verified that this approach is feasible and can be used to facilitate visualization of veins on the back of the hand. However, it is also evident that success and repeatability of these results depends on the set up and observance of protocols during thermal image acquisition.
Deep Learning-Based Extraction of Biomarkers for the Prediction of the Functional Outcome of Ischemic Stroke Patients

Accurately predicting functional outcomes in stroke patients remains challenging yet clinically relevant. While brain CTs provide prognostic information, their practical value for outcome prediction is unclear. We analyzed a multi-center cohort of 743 ischemic stroke patients (<72 h onset), including their admission brain NCCT and CTA scans as well as their clinical data. Our goal was to predict the patients’ future functional outcome, measured by the 3-month post-stroke modified Rankin Scale (mRS), dichotomized into good (mRS ≤ 2) and poor (mRS > 2). To this end, we developed deep learning models to predict the outcome from CT data only, and models that incorporate other patient variables. Three deep learning architectures were tested in the image-only prediction, achieving 0.779 ± 0.005 AUC. In addition, we created a model fusing imaging and tabular data by feeding the output of a deep learning model trained to detect occlusions on CT angiograms into our prediction framework, which achieved an AUC of 0.806 ± 0.082. These findings highlight how further refinement of prognostic models incorporating both image biomarkers and clinical data could enable more accurate outcome prediction for ischemic stroke patients.
A Noninverse Internal Plant Model-Based Cascade Loop Control Structure for Compressor Drive With Small Film Capacitor

On the account of limited current controller bandwidth for small film capacitor-based compressor drive, which seriously deteriorates the reference tracking and disturbance attenuation of the inverter power loop. A noninverse internal plant model (IPM)-based cascade loop control structure is proposed, and the multiloop power-current control characteristics are fully investigated. The plant model is reconstructed, and an independent controller is induced, which decouples the disturbance issue from the reference tracking, and an extra freedom degree is provided for disturbance attenuation. The inherent drawbacks of conventional internal model controllers, such as the feasibility of the control system, high-frequency noise rejection, and robustness for model mismatches can be improved. In addition, the essence of the system instability is revealed when the compressor operates within a high-frequency range. The phase lag is precisely derived and improved with the phase-compensated resonant-type power controller. Experimental results considering grid voltage sag, background harmonics, and model mismatch are presented. The enhanced inverter power control performance and grid-side power quality can be ensured.
Analysis of the Basic Image Generation Methods by Neural Networks

The article compares the main existing neural network methods that allow you to get images by entering a text request in an application or online service. The purpose of the work is to analyze modern neural network methods for generating images. The relevance of this work is due to the high demand for the use of images generated by neural networks in many areas of human life, such as advertising services, goods, business processes, animation and design. Achievement of this goal is ensured by solving the following tasks: consideration of on-line services based on different methods of image generation, determination of their advantages and disadvantages, identification of general patterns of image generation for each method. The basic principles of image generation by each of the considered neural network methods are presented. The methodological basis of the article is a descriptive method, methods of theoretical analysis, as well as a generalization method.
Animal welfare, etológia és tartástechnológia Animal welfare, ethology and housing systems

The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of feed mixtures with propolis extract on weight and fat creation in carcass body of chickens from Hubbard JV hybrid combination. Propolis extract was applied into the feed mixtures in amount of 150 mg kg (1 experimental group), 450 mg kg (2 experimental group), 600 mg kg (3 experimental group) and 800 mg kg (4 experimental group). Fattening was lasted for 42 days on deep litter (sawdust). Into the experiment, 500 pieces of 1-day chickens were included and then 5 groups of 100 pieces were created: control group – C (without propolis extract application) and 4 experimental groups – E1, E2, E3 and E4 (with a dose of propolis extract). Higher weight of carcass body (P ≥ 0.05) was found in E1 and E2 groups (1022.37 g E1 and 1019.75 g E2) compared with C group (1005.12 g) and lower weight of carcass body (P ≥ 0.05) was found in E3 and E4 group (927.37 and 916.75) compared with control group. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the groups E1 and E4, E2 and E4, E1 and E3 and between the groups E2 and E3. The lowest content of abdominal fat was recorded in control group and in E4 group (0.73%). In experimental groups, values of abdominal fat content were decreased by gradual increasing of propolis extract dose in Hubbard JV chicken nutrition (1.03% E1, 0.99% E2, 0.80% E3 and 0.73% E4). Gizzard fat from carcass body was value-balanced and ranged from 0.29% (E1) to 0.44% (E3). Heart fat was from 0.047% (P4) to 0.068% (P1). Internal fats were considered together from carcass body and the value ranged from 1.17% (P4) to 1.43% (P2). In control group, internal fat was 1.21%. Content of internal fat from carcass body as well as abdominal, gizzard and heart fat contents showed no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between the groups. We found that propolis extract positively influenced the carcass body weight only in E1 and E2 groups. In these groups, no distinctive impact on fat creation was detected. Propolis in the doses of 150 mg kg and 450 mg kg can be recommended to application in nutrition of Hubbard JV chickens. Higher concentration of propolis extract (600 mg kg and 800 mg kg) may result in decrease of carcass body weight.
Health-related quality of life and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at comprehensive specialised hospitals in the Northwest Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at comprehensive specialised hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia. Design and setting A cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 patients with schizophrenia who were followed at comprehensive specialised hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia from 1 June to 30 August 2022. Participants All adult patients with schizophrenia who had regular follow-up in the outpatient departments of the selected hospitals were study participants. Main outcome measures The main outcome of this study was HRQoL which was measured using the WHO Quality of Life Scale–Bref Version. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi-data version 4.6. 1 and SPSS version 24, respectively. Linear regression was used to assess the association between quality of life and independent variables. Variables with a p value <0.05 at a 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Results The mean score of the overall Quality of Life Scale–Brief Version was 22.42±3.60. No formal education (ß=−1.53; 95% CI: −2.80 to –0.27), duration of treatment (ß = –3.08; 95% CI: −4.71 to –1.45), comorbidity (ß=−1.14; 95% CI: −1.99 to –0.29), substance use (ß=−0.89; 95% CI: −1.56 to –0.23), extrapyramidal side effects (ß=−2.02; 95% CI: −2.90 to –1.14), non-adherence (ß=−0.83; 95% CI: −1.44 to –0.23), and antipsychotic polypharmacy (ß=−1.77; CI: −2.57 to –0.96) were negatively associated with quality of life. Conclusion and recommendation In this study, the social domain was recorded as having the lowest mean score, which may indicate that patients with schizophrenia could need better psychosocial support. Patients with a longer duration of treatment, who had comorbid illnesses, were substance users, developed EPS, were non-adherent to medications and were on antipsychotic polypharmacy, needs critical follow-up to improve HRQoL.
POLISH JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

The objective of this study has been to determine the chemical composition of fish which are used to make traditional dishes in Warmia and Mazury. The material for our analyses consisted of lake fish (roach, tench, pike, vendace, burbot) and cultured fish (carp) from north-eastern Poland. The highest protein content was found in muscles of vendace (19.2 ÷ 21.9%) and roach (20.5%), and the lowest one – in fillets from the carp reared in cooling water (15.7 ÷ 16.6%). The content of fat in meat of the carp from cooling waters was typical for fish (9.3 ÷ 12.4%). In contrast, lake fish (roach, tench, pike, vendace and burbot) were classified as lean fish. The results showed the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids in muscles of burbot (82.8%) and the lowest one – in roach fillets (71.7%). Burbot meat was characterized by the highest share of n-3 PUFA acids (25.0%), including eicosapentaenoic (7.9%) and docosahexaenoic (11.5%) acids. Our investigations have verified the assumption that the nutritional value of fish is affected by species-specific traits, environmental conditions and aquaculture techniques. WARTOŚĆ ODŻYWCZA WYBRANYCH GATUNKÓW RYB Z PÓŁNOCNO-WSCHODNIEJ POLSKI Małgorzata Woźniak, Paweł Poczyczyński, Krzysztof Kozłowski Katedra Biologii i Hodowli Ryb Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie K e y w o r d s: ryby, skład chemiczny, kwasy tłuszczowe. Address: Małgorzata Woźniak, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Michała Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, phone: +48 (89) 524 51 25, e-mail: mawoz@uwm.edu. pl
POLISH JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

The results of stages in controlled reproduction of African catfish C. gariepinus were investigated in females in six classes of body weight (I: >0 ≤1.5 kg; II: >1.5 kg ≤2.5 kg; III: >2.5 kg ≤3.5 kg; IV: >3.5 kg ≤4.5 kg; V: >4.5 kg ≤6.5 kg; VI: >6.5 kg), their ovulation being stimulated with Ovopel (1 pellet kg). The accepted classification significantly (P≤0.01) differentiated the weight of obtained eggs expressed both in grams and in percentage of female body weight. The highest weight of eggs was obtained from the heaviest fish (class VI) and the lowest from these of the lowest weight (class I) (1191.8 g and 218.7 g respectively) while in these two classes the obtained highest weight of eggs was expressed as the percentage of female body weight (14.21% and 20.19% respectively). The class of body weight significantly (P≤0.01) determined also the two investigated traits which described the quality of eggs. The lowest value of the least squares means for the percentage of fertilization and of live embryos was noted for the heaviest fish (class VI) (64.75% and 54.63% respectively) and the highest for the fish of the lowest weight, i.e., classes I and II (91.67% and 88.17%, 92.47% and 86.33%). In general the highest effectiveness of reproduction characterized the class of females whose body weight exceeded 4.5 kg but did not rise above 6.5 kg. In order to predict the weight of eggs [g], percentage of fertilization [12 h] and percentage of live embryos [24 h] within the investigated classes the regression equation was introduced using the weight of females as an independent variable. For each class regression equations were also derived in which the weight of females and weight of eggs were accepted as independent variables while the percentages of fertilization and of live embryos were used as dependent variables. The value of empirical data concerning the weight of eggs [g], fertilization percentage [12 h] and percentage of live embryos [24 h] were the basis for deriving a square function which permitted spatial prediction of the distribution of points of these variables on a plane – for each class of female body weight separately. Address: Elżbieta Brzuska, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ichthyobiology and Aquaculture in Gołysz, ul. Kalinowa 2, 43-520 Chybie, Poland, phone: (33) 853 37 78, e-mail: elzbieta.brzuska@fish.edu. pl EMPIRYCZNE I PREDYKCYJNE EFEKTY ETAPÓW KONTROLOWANEGO ROZRODU SUMA AFRYKAŃSKIEGO CLARIAS GARIEPINUS BURCHELL 1822 – WPŁYW MASY CIAŁA SAMIC
Effects of Continuous Cropping on Yields and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Peanuts in Sandy Soil Region of Liaoning

The research aimed to explore the effects of the continuous cropping soil on the photosynthesis characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yields of peanuts.Four experimental fields of one year,continuous cropping two years,three years and four years were planted peanuts,and the indexes of photosynthesis characteristics and dry matter accumulation were measured on the blossom,pot-setting and maturing stages.The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration decreased gradually with increasing the continuous cropping years in the whole growth period,whereas the leaf area took on the varying trend which rose first and went down subsequently.The peanuts leaf chlorophyll with continuous cropping four years at maturity was 11.19% lower than that of one year's.The pods weight and nuts weight of continuous cropping four years were the lowest,135.73g and 58.84g,respectively.The yields of continuous cropping there years was the lowest,172.29kg. With increasing the continuous cropping years the peanut plant dry matter accumulation in different growth stages was different,and significant differences between treatments were observed at blossom stage.It is concluded that the photosynthetic performances of the peanut leaves and the accumulation of organisms are affected by continuous cropping due to the results above.The accumulation of photosynthetic products has the key role to the yields,so the peanut yields are led to decrease by continuous cropping.
POLISH JOURNAL OF NATURAL SCIENCES

Two complete diets for weaned piglets were analyzed. Control diet I was composed of soybean meal, ground barley, ground wheat, premix and acids. Experimental diet II was supplemented with 0.1% Vilocym, a blend of herbal extracts (Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Solanum nigrum) and sodium-calcium aluminosilicates. Nutrient digestibility was determined by a simple balance method, on 16 young barrows [(Polish Large White x Polish Landrace) x Duroc] with average initial body weight of 25 kg, assigned to two dietary treatments. A five-day experimental period proper was preceded by a seven-day adjustment period. A production trial was carried out on a pig farm, and it involved 240 weaners with average initial body weight of 20.5 kg, divided into two groups. Each group comprised four pens, with 30 animals per pen. The experiment lasted 30 days. Dietary supplementation with herbal extracts and aluminosilicates improved the digestibility of crude fat, total protein and organic matter. Weaned piglets fed Vilocym were characterized by higher daily gains than control group animals (725 g vs. 665 g, P ≤ 0.05). Feed consumption per kg body weight gain was significantly lower in group II (2.14 g/kg vs. 2.33 g/kg, P ≤ 0.05). Address: Krzysztof Lipiński, University of Warmia and Mazury, ul. Michała Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland, phone: +48 (89) 523 35 19, e-mail: krzysztof.lipinski@uwm.edu. pl WPŁYW DODATKU MIESZANINY EKSTRAKTU Z ZIÓŁ I GLINOKRZEMIANÓW NA STRAWNOŚĆ SKŁADNIKÓW POKARMOWYCH I WYNIKI ODCHOWU WARCHLAKÓW Krzysztof Lipiński, Aniela Falkowska, Cezary Purwin, Zofia Antoszkiewicz Katedra Żywienia Zwierząt i Paszoznawstwa Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: świnie, żywienie, ekstrakt ziołowy, glinokrzemiany, strawność pozorna, odchów.
Industrial Ecology: Policy Potential and Research Needs

Over the past decade, a new approach to environmental analysis has developed. Although the scope and definition are not yet completely fixed, the new field of "industrial ecology" focuses on reducing the environmental impacts of goods and services, on systems-based analysis of environmental problems, and on innovations that can significantly improve environmental performance. Industrial ecology has significant potential for U.S. environmental policy. But to establish a firm foundation for significant policy initiatives, there is a need for better understanding of the potential and limitations of a range of promising approaches including: (a) technological innovation, (b) voluntary and cooperative approaches to environmental management, (c) substitution of services for products, (d) recycling and reuse, (e) reduction in the amounts of materials used in products, and (f) substitution of scarce resources with those that are plentiful.
Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes: current agents and impact on patient outcomes

Platelets play a central role in atherothrombosis and subsequent development of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The understanding of this process has driven a large body of evidence demonstrating the mortality and morbidity benefits of antiplatelet agents in the ACS population. As expected, however, these agents come with an intrinsically increased risk of bleeding which underlies the vast majority of their complications and adverse effects. In today’s setting of compounding comorbidities and broadening indications, finding the balance between thrombosis prevention and bleeding risk remains the challenge for all clinicians considering these medications. This article reviews the current main antiplatelet agents that are available for clinical use and outlines their impact on ACS outcome. We also outline factors which affect the response to these agents and discuss strategies to optimize clinical outcomes.
Primary Anaplastic-Lymphoma-Kinase-Positive Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System: Comprehensive Review of the Literature

Background: Primary anaplastic-lymphoma-kinase (ALK)-positive large-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system (PCNS ALK-positive ALCL) is a rare entity, with a limited consensus reached regarding its management. While this pathology often presents as solitary lesions, the occurrence of multiple tumors within the brain is not uncommon. The lack of distinctive radiological features poses a diagnostic challenge, leading to delays in initiating targeted therapy. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search, identifying seventeen publications for qualitative analysis. Results: The management options and reported patient outcomes in the literature varied significantly, emphasizing the need for a patient-specific approach. The emergence of ALK-specific inhibitors represents a new frontier in this field, demonstrating promising results. Conclusion: PCNS ALK-positive ALCL necessitates a comprehensive understanding and optimized management strategies. A tailored therapeutic approach, integrating surgical intervention with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, appears pivotal in addressing this pathology. The implementation of a therapeutic protocol is anticipated for further advancement in this field.
Beyond the Bandwidth Limit: A Tutorial on Low-Noise Amplifier Circuits for Advanced Systems Based on III–V Process

With the fast development of advanced communication systems, wideband low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) have become more and more critical as they determine the overall performance of the communication systems. A well-designed LNA can keep enough margin for the successive sub-circuits in the receiver chain. At the same time, with the maturity of III-V semiconductor technologies, the performance of LNA, especially the bandwidth has been greatly enhanced. This brief discusses the design process considerations and the limiting factors of LNA bandwidth. Subsequently, a comprehensive review of the recent advances in III-V-based LNA circuits and the techniques for operating bandwidth extension and performance improvement is presented. Finally, we compare the III-V-based LNA architectures and point out a few possible improvements and trends for III-V-based LNAs.