Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of the optical structure of a LED light of airfield used on the taxiway centerline of bend

Along with the continuous renewal of the light source, LED light source could have been used in the lights of airfield already. LED light source in the application will be more energy efficient. This paper designs the optical structure of the taxiway centerline light,which is used on the bend. Osram LT CPDP - KZ - 4 green LED has been chosen to be the light source.Optical components used in the structure, such as the prism, the lens, the scattering pieces, is designed on the basis of the optical design principles. The optical design principle include the edge-ray etendue conservation, conservation of energy and so on. Then, the structure is drawn and simulated. Completing these steps combines with software, such as ProE, Matlab and TracePro. To test the optical structure with Yuanfang GO-2000 distribution photometer. The test results meet the standards of the civil aviation administration’s requirements. In order to further reduce energy consumption, and optimize the components on the premise of meeting the requirements of national standards. The paper reduces the input current from 900mA to 400mA by optimizing the components. The method of optimizing is combining the prism with scattering pieces and optimizing the lens surface. The optical structure of the taxiway centerline lights used on the bend after improving is more efficient and meet the requirements of national standards including chromaticity and light intensity.
Path Loss through Pine Forest around Beach for Wireless Sea Wave Energy Sensor Network

This paper presents an empirical path loss model through forest for measuring sea wave energy using 2.4 GHz wireless sensor network (WSN). The empirical path loss model was determined from measurement campaign by using 18 dBm transmitter and the receivers with a low noise amplify. The conventional path loss models for forest environments were carried out such as Weissberger, ITU-R, COST 235 and Torrico models. From the results it is found that the proposed model provides a good agreement and is used for planning WSN.
PMD measurements based on low‐coherence interferometry using a Michelson interferometer

A low‐coherence technique in a Michelson interferometer for measuring polarization mode dispersion (PMD) was tested. The measured PMD mean value for one reel, in a period of several days, was 0.0405 ± 0.0008 ps/km1/2 and for the other reel, it was 0.0463 ± 0.0004 ps/km1/2. Stochastic and random PMD behavior was observed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:2310–2312, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25428
Status review and research strategies on product-service systems

As present trends in economic and population growth continue, the natural environment is increasingly being stressed. More and more researchers, institutes and programmes have paid attention to product-service systems (PSSes) in the last decade because PSS integrates tangible artefact and intangible service to achieve sustainability, improve enterprise competitiveness, and meet customer needs better. In order to respond to the industrial trend towards PSS and frame the related research, the state-of-the-art of PSS research and development are reported. Furthermore, in order to integrate fragmental PSS solutions, this paper proposes a framework for product-service lifecycle management (PSLM) and technologies of PSS development. So, four categories are focused on: review of PSS, research about PSS development, a framework for PSLM, and technologies for PSLM (modular product-service development and ontology-based product-service knowledge expression and reuse). The preliminary solution of the implementation roadmap and technologies for PSLM which need to be perfected is proposed to lay a basis for further development and application of PSS for the benefit of industries.
Measurement Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate in Human Body Exposed to a Base Station Antenna by Using Finite Difference Time Domain Techniques

The system analysis of specific absorption rate (SAR) in human body exposed to a base station antenna by using finite difference time domain techniques was presented in this research works. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the knowledge and awareness about SAR among human body and mobile base station. The paper investigates the electromagnetic wave absorption inside a human body. The human body has been identified using dataset based on 2D object considering different electrical parameters.The SAR convinced inside the human body model exposed to a radiating base station antenna (BSA) has been considered for multiple numbers of carrier frequencies and input power of 20 W/carrier at GSM 900 band.The distance (R) of human body from BSA is varied in the range of 0.1 m to 5.0 m. For the number of carrier frequency equal to one and R = 0.1 m,the concentrated value of whole-body average SAR obtained by FDTD technique is found to be 0.68 W/kg which decreases either with increase of R or decrease of number of carrier frequencies. Safety distance for general public is found to be 1.5 m for number of carrier frequencies equal to one.The performance accuracy of this analysis meets the high level condition by comparing with the relevant system development in recent time.
A novel autonomous strategy for multi-bolt looseness detection using smart glove and Siamese double-path CapsNet

Recently, the issue of bolt looseness has attracted more attention due to its severe consequences. Among different methods for bolt looseness detection, the active sensing method that is based on stress wave signals is preferred since it is low cost and high robust. However, current active sensing method depends on permanent contact sensors, which may be impractical. Moreover, the investigation of multi-bolt looseness detection via the active sensing is very limited so far. With the above deficiency in mind, we propose a new robotic-assisted active sensing method based on our newly designed PZT-enabled smart gloves (SGs) and position-based visual servoing (PBVS) technique. Particularly, another main contribution is that we develop a new Siamese CapsNet to classify stress wave signals under different cases for multi-bolt looseness detection. Compared to machine learning (ML) and traditional deep learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), the proposed Siamese CapsNet model can achieve better performance and realize the recognition of signals that is never used during the training, which is impossible for common classification methods. Finally, an experiment is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and Siamese CapsNet, which can guide future research significantly.
US Dairy Product Trade: Modeling Approaches and the Impact of New Product Formulations

make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. Executive Summary Several domestic and international developments increased interest among the US dairy industry in world markets during the 1990s. One development was the passage of the NAFTA and Uruguay Round (URA) trade agreements in the mid-decade, and their successors, the current " Doha Round " of international trade negotiations now underway. Another development during the 1990s was additional (positive) experience gained by the US dairy industry in export markets. Much of this experience came about because increases in world market prices for butter and powder in 1995-96 made US exports more competitive. The Dairy Export Incentive Program (DEIP) is also credited with improving the ability of US exporters to move powders, butter and cheese into international markets. At the same time, there has been an increased level of concern about possible negative impacts of past and potential liberalization of dairy product trade. Rapid growth in imports of products designed to circumvent US tariffs on dairy products, such as milk protein concentrates (MPCs) have caused a great deal of concern about their impacts on US farm milk prices. Viewed in larger perspective, this issue demonstrates how much the US dairy trade policy environment had changed since the early 1990s. The NAFTA had placed the US on the road to something close to free trade in dairy products with Mexico, and the URA had committed the US to reductions in domestic support and export subsidies and increases in market access for dairy products. Importantly in light of the rapid pace of technological developments in dairy processing, these trade agreements also placed limits on the US' ability to modify tariff schedules to address new product formulations. As a result of these diverse developments, there is continued interest in understanding the world market for dairy products, the impacts of imports on the US dairy industry and the potential for growth in US exports. The overall objectives of this report are: 1) To review recent patterns of US dairy trade and changes in trade policies affecting US trade in dairy products; 2) To develop improved analytical frameworks for empirical economic analysis of the impacts of dairy product trade and trade liberalization on the US dairy industry; and 3) To implement an empirical model formulation to assess the impacts of imports of dairy …
Total Factor Energy Productivity and Efficiency in the Yangtze Delta Region: An Application of DEA-Malmquist Index

This paper used data envelopment analysis (DEA)-Malmquist index method to analyze the total factors energy productivity (TFEP) and efficiency of 16 cities in the Yangtze Delta region from the year 2008 to 2012. According to the computational results, the average TFEP of 16 cities during 1998-2012 is 0.978, and the average total factor energy efficiency (TFEE) is 1.011, while the average total factor energy technological change (TFTC) is 0.969. So the rapid drop of TFEP is mainly ascribable to the rapid drop of TFTC in the Yangtze Delta region. Specific to different cities and different period, there exists significant inequality catch-up effect and innovation effect in the Yangtze Delta region. In which, the catch-up effect of Nanjing, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Nantong, Taizhou1 and Jiaxing is evident, while the innovation effect of Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi and Zhoushan is more significant.
THE POLITICAL PARTIES’ COMMUNICATION DURING THE 2019 GENERAL ELECTION IN THAILAND

New technologies like wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things have opened up new possibilities for environmental monitoring. WSNs and IoT have been applied to the challenge of monitoring and detecting forest fires in this thesis. Forest fires are the primary cause of environmental damage today. At the present moment, the forest fire monitoring system does not provide real-time monitoring for each point in a target region at all times and does not assist early detection of threats. Forest fires pose a significant hazard to the environment, as they disrupt it and contribute to climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer. It is feasible to lessen the cause or the danger of a fire by up to 95% if it is detected early. There are a variety of methods for keeping woods safe from wildfires. Detecting forest fires may be aided by satellite and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems. Despite the fact that these systems can cover any geographic area, they are unable to provide real-time data for the full area of interest. The only utility for satellite and UAV-based systems is for monitoring and firefighting. As a result, reliable early-stage forest fire forecast is vital. WSNs, on the other hand, offer the biggest advantages over other technologies because they allow for the deployment of sensor nodes in real time, allowing for the collection of environmental parameters including relative humidity, atmospheric gases, light intensity, and ambient temperature. Another key benefit of employing WSNs technology is the ability to cover huge hostile areas with their scalable network.
Supply Chain Integration and Health Firms’ Operational Performance: Implications for Underdeveloped Countries

Backed by RBV Theory, this study investigated the effect of Supply Chain Integration (SCI) on Operational Performance (OP) of the medical sector. The data were collected from 307 managers out of 330 managers through questionnaire inspired by previous studies and then, they were refined through experts’ interviews and a panel of judges. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and SEM were employed. The results of the study indicated a significant positive relationship between SCI and the medical sector’s OP. The results also demonstrated that the managers in Medical Sector behaved almost similarly in terms of their preference for customer integration and internal integration indicators. Furthermore, empirical results indicated that the interactions between the two components of SCI affected OP strongly. Moreover, internal integration had the highest effect on OP, followed by customer satisfaction. The research provides theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the SCI requires a higher level of internal integration. Thus, for an institution to support the participation of partners, it must ensure proper internal integration. Practically, full collaboration of participants and integration of the firm internally and externally should ensure greater performance. Moreover, the study provided a suggestion for future research.
Mitigating Bridge Structural Fatigue Cracking Using Aerospace Derived Technology

Fatigue cracking of structures is common to all metals subjected to cyclic tensile loads. Cracks in steel bridges are a regular occurrence and a growing concern in aging bridges. The most common mitigation method for fatigue cracking in bridge steel is to drill a crack arrest hole (CAH), commonly referred to as a “drill stop” at the end of the visible crack to reduce the stress concentration at the crack tip. Often, this is not sufficient to impede crack growth and the cracks then emanate from the drill hole and continue in the steel member. A technology developed for the aerospace industry mitigates hole cracking (in “drill stops” and in bolt holes) by using a hole cold expansion method. This process induces a compressive residual hoop stress around the hole to shield it from the effects of cyclic tensile loads applied in-service. A derivative of the Split Sleeve Cold Expansion method, pioneered by Fatigue Technology (FTI), cold expands an initially clearance fit bushing into a hole at a high interference level. When used in a CAH, the process known as “StopCrackEX” has been shown to retard or totally arrest cracks in common bridge steel. This paper will review the cold expansion processes, describe the residual stresses induced, and show how they enhance the fatigue life of holes. It will also present independent comparative test data showing how StopCrackEX arrested the growth of cracks in fatigue test coupons when compared to the generally accepted CAH method.
Sociocultural, economic and ethnic homogeneity in residential mobility and spatial sorting among couples

This study aims to advance the spatial conceptualization of ‘social homophily’ by relating the match, or mismatch, between a household’s social and sociocultural characteristics and the characteristics of the neighbourhood of residence to the probability of moving away from that neighbourhood. Three matching dimensions were investigated: economic status, ethnic background and sociocultural disposition. This paper’s focus is on the sociocultural dimension because this has not been included extensively in large-scale research so far. Initially we investigate how level of education at the household level interacts with education composition at the neighbourhood level. To further investigate the sociocultural dimension, we then include the share of each partner’s income in the total household income in our analyses. Based on the spatial literature at the intersections of class, gender and family, we assume that, together with higher education, the intra-household distribution of income reflects a broader set of sociocultural values. We make use of large-N register data to analyse the residential and mobility behaviour of all registered stable couples in the four largest Dutch urban regions between 2008 and 2009. Our analyses indicate that the degree to which a household ‘matches’ its social surroundings negatively affects its probability of leaving. This is the case for all three dimensions, with sociocultural Corresponding author: Wouter van Gent, Geography, Planning and International Development Studies, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018 WV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Email: w.p.c.vangent@uva.nl EPA: Economy and Space 2019, Vol. 51(4) 891–912 ! The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/0308518X18823754 journals.sagepub.com/home/epn disposition having the largest effect. The conclusion reflects on the importance of these findings for social homophily, sorting and residential segregation, and proposes directions for further research.
Constancy Mechanisms and the Normativity of Perception Forthcoming in Giving a Damn: Essays in Dialogue with John Haugeland, edited by Zed Adams and Jake Browning. MIT Press

To recognize something is to respond to it in a way that distinguishes it from other things; to recognize is to tell apart. But differential response cannot be the whole story, for two deeply related reasons. First, what is recognized is always some determinate item, feature, or characteristic of the confronted situation, whereas a given response can equally well be taken as a response to any of several distinct things. Second, recognition, unlike response, is a normative notion: it is possible to misrecognize something, to get it wrong, whereas a response is just whatever response it is to whatever is there. These are related because: only insofar as something determinate is supposed to be recognized, can there be an issue of recognizing it rightly or wrongly; and it is only as that which determines rightness or wrongness that the object of recognition is determinate.
GraphGT: Machine Learning Datasets for Graph Generation and Transformation

Graph generation has shown great potential in applications like network design and 1 mobility synthesis and is one of the fastest-growing domains in machine learning 2 for graphs. Despite the success of graph generation, the corresponding real-world 3 datasets are few and limited to areas such as molecules and citation networks. To 4 ﬁll the gap, we introduce GraphGT, a large dataset collection for graph generation 5 and transformation problem, which contains 36 datasets from 9 domains across 6 6 subjects. To assist the researchers with better explorations of the datasets, we 7 provide a systemic review and classiﬁcation of the datasets based on research tasks, 8 graph types, and application domains. We have signiﬁcantly (re)processed all the 9 data from different domains to ﬁt the uniﬁed framework of graph generation and 10 transformation problems. In addition, GraphGT provides an easy-to-use graph 11 generation pipeline that simpliﬁes the process for graph data loading, experimental 12 setup and model evaluation. Finally, we compare the performance of popular 13 graph generative models in 16 graph generation and 17 graph transformation 14 datasets, showing the great power of GraphGT in differentiating and evaluating 15 model capabilities and drawbacks. GraphGT has been regularly updated and 16 welcomes inputs from the community. GraphGT is publicly available at https: 17 //graphgt.github. io/ and can also be accessed via an open Python library. 18
DEVISING A ROBOTIC ARM MANIPULANDUM FOR NORMAL AND ALTERED REACHING MOVEMENTS TO INVESTIGATE BRAIN MECHANISMS OF MOTOR CONTROL

The objective of this work was to develop a manipulandum system capable of measuring a monkey's arm movements and applying extrinsic forces to the hand. The manipulandum (RANARM) was designed as a five-bar linkage mechanism in order to realize sufficient rigidity and efficient force transmission. In addition, RANARM's control enables it to cancel its own dynamics by calculating the inverse dynamics. We evaluated the performance of RANARM from the mechanism, control, and application points of view. From the mechanism point of view, RANARM was able to provide a sufficiently large workspace for experiments, where it exhibited high manipulability and the capacity to apply force perturbations of at least 12 N under static conditions, and 5.3 N under dynamic conditions. From the control point of view, we estimated the uncompensated dynamics of RANARM to be negligibly small. Finally, we evaluated the performance of a monkey operating RANARM, and observed that the hand speed profiles followed a natural bell shape, while the maximal speeds were high (i.e., 15-cm reaching within 500 ms). In conclusion, RANARM allows a monkey to execute rapid movement and it is an efficient apparatus for investigating brain mechanisms for generating voluntary movements.
Hybrid electric vehicles (EVS-13 Osaka)

Beginning in 1990, the major automotive passenger vehicle manufacturers once again reexamined the battery powered electric vehicle (EV). This intensive effort to reduce the battery EV to commercial practice focused attention on the key issue of limited vehicle range, resulting from the low energy density and high mass characteristics of batteries, in comparison to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Consequently, by 1995, vehicle manufacturers turned their attention to hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). This redirection of EV effort was highlighted by the 1996 EVS-13 Osaka Electric Vehicle Symposium, plus the focus on experimental hybrid EV displayed at the 1995 Frankfurt Motor Show and the Tokyo Motor Show in Japan. In Europe the 56th IAA in Frankfurt included twelve or more EV designed for personal transportation, and among them, two featured hybrid-electric (HEV) systems: the Peugeot turboelectric HEV, and the Opel-Corsa Irmscher-Selectra HEV. In Japan, at the 31st Tokyo Motor Show, among the twenty or more EV on display, seven were hybrid HEV by: Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Toyota: and, the Subaru, Suzuki, and the Kia KEV4 parallel type HEV. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the key features of these hybrid propulsion systems. Among the conclusions, two issues are evident: one, the focus is on series-type hybrid systems, with the exception of the parallel Subaru and Suzuki HEV, and, two, the major manufacturers are turning to the hybrid concept in their search for solutions to two key EV Issues: limited driving range, and, heating and air conditioning, associated with the low energy density characteristic of batteries.
A Method to Improve the Security of Screen Lock for Android Mobile Phones

Mobile phones become popular, and Android is the most popular open source mobile platform. To protect the mobile users security and privacy, it is necessary for us to adopt certain secure screen lock mechanism. Regrettably, existing screen lock mechanism failed to provide more stronger security. In this paper, we present a method to strength the screen locks security. Our evaluation shows that our screen lock is stronger than the existing mechanism.