Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic Co/Cu multilayers

We report giant values of saturation magnetoresistance in sputtered antiferromagnetic Co/Cu multilayers containing thin Co and Cu layers 8–10 A thick. We discuss the key importance of the buffer layer in controlling the growth of flat Co and Cu layers. As shown by cross‐section transmission electron microscopy high‐quality structures are found for growth on Fe buffer layers. Such structures display saturation magnetoresistance at 300 K of more than 65% with saturation fields of ≂10 kOe. These values are several times larger than previously found for any magnetic material at room temperature.
Effect of Fermentation on the Nutritional Quality of the Selected Vegetables and Legumes and Their Health Effects

Abstract Vegetables are rich in many vitamins, mineral components, antioxidants, and macronutrients. However, they also contain high levels of anti-nutrients, which reduce the bioavailability of some nutritionally essential components such as zinc or iron. The processing of vegetables, including microbial fermentation, reduces or neutralizes tannins and phytates, which results in greater bioavailability of vitamins and minerals. Another effect of bacterial processing is an increased antioxidant potential, which has been linked to the release of polyphenols from complexes with anti-nutritional ingredients. Moreover, there were identified bioactive substances such as γ-aminobutyric acid or inhibitors of an angiotensin-converting enzyme in fermented vegetables. These substances may support the treatment of lifestyle diseases, such as depression or hypertension. However, there are still no data about these substances’ bioavailability after the consumption of fermented vegetables. Additionally, fermented foods are rich in probiotic microorganisms, where the main group is lactic acid bacteria. The effect of fermentation on each vegetable is different. This should be a reason to expand our knowledge as more innovative and untested fermented products appear on the market.
Determination of the severity of soft rot and blackleg caused by Pectobacterium brasiliense in some potato genotypes from Turkey

Abstract Pectobacterium species are one of the main bacterial agents of soft rot and blackleg diseases that cause economic damage to potato crops. Farmers around the world suffer losses from both diseases and use different strategies to control. In this study, local potato genotypes were evaluated for disease severity of soft rot and blackleg. We discovered putative genotypes with low disease severity for both diseases. In the tuber experiment, the lowest soft rot was determined for genotype 18 with 34% disease severity. The highest soft rot was found in the cultivars Natasha, Laperla and Sultanecem. In the plant experiment, the lowest lesion length was measured in the cultivars Sultannur, Orchestra and Marabel. The 33% disease severity for these cultivars was also calculated for genotypes 18 and 32. With regard to soft rot and blackleg of potato, this is the first study to determine disease severity of Turkish local potato genotypes.
The astrophysical context of diffusion in stars

Chemical separation of the elements is shown to solve a number of puzzling astrophysical problems. Diffusion naturally explains the low abundance of helium in the Ap-Bp stars and in some horizontal branch stars, but it simultaneously predicts a low helium abundance in Am stars which naturally explains the near exclusion of the Am and delta-Scuti phenomena. Similarly the low helium abundance in the solar wind is explained by diffusion. Many other observed phenomena in the solar particle outflux imply chemical separation. That the sun should lead to a chemically differentiated outflux is surprising, given the high turbulence observed in the atmosphere. Those stars of the upper main sequence that are slow rotators and have strong magnetic fields presumably are more stable than the sun. It is not too surprising, then, that chemical differentiation should appear on their surfaces. It is shown that for the observed abundance ''spots'' to last on Ap stars for more than 10/sup 2/--10/sup 3/ yr the convection zones must disappear on those stars. For the spots to last 10/sup 8/ yr or more, the turbulent diffusion coefficient must be small enough to allow vertical separation of the elements by diffusion. This probably rules out accretion, andmore » many other models, as the main source of the abundance anomalies. The creation of spots or, rather, rings by diffusion is finally discussed and is shown to depend sensitively on a number of poorly known parameters that probably vary from star to star. This explains the variety of observed abundance patterns. Even though the emerging picture is consistent, the diffusion model still has not answered all the questions that observations suggest. There might be a missing parameter. A possible one is suggested here. « less
Simple Model for an Ion‐Exosphere in an Open Magnetic Field

A simple model for an ion‐exosphere with an open magnetic field is set up. The ions move under the influence of (1) the gravitational field, (2) the monotonic decreasing static magnetic field, and (3) the electrostatic potential due to a small charge separation. Neglecting collisions and particle drift across the magnetic field lines the particles can be classified into four classes: ballistic, escaping, trapped, and incoming particles. For each class the number density, the particle flux, the momentum fluxes, and the energy flux are calculated as a function of the electrostatic potential. Finally, it is shown how this potential can easily be computed by considering two basic physical conditions: (1) the quasineutrality, and (2) the zero current condition.
Distributed H ∞ filtering over sensor networks with heterogeneous Markovian coupling intercommunication delays

This study is concerned with distributed H ∞ filtering for continuous-time linear systems over sensor networks with heterogeneous Markovian coupling intercommunication delays. The set of sensor nodes forms a sensing and communication network whose topology is modelled by a directed graph that describes the measurement exchanged among neighbouring sensor nodes. Heterogeneous random coupling delays modelled by a Markov process are considered in the intercommunication between interacting sensor nodes. A refined two-step decoupling technique is presented to deal with the complicated coupling of exchanged measurement in the presence of the delays. A sufficient condition on the existence of desired distributed H ∞ filters is derived such that the resultant filtering error system is mean square exponentially stable with prescribed weighting average H ∞ performance. Two illustrative examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Report of the Committee of the Social Survey on Noise Problems

*1Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 1-16, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560 Japan *2Kobayashi Institute of Physical Research , 3-20-41, Higashimotomachi, Kokubunji, 185 Japan *3Faculty of Engineering , Mie University, 1515, Uehamacho, Tsu, 514 Japan *4Faculty of Engineering , Towa University, 1-1-1, Chikushigaoka, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, 815 Japan *5Institute of Industrial Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1, Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106 Japan *6 Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 156, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240 Japan *7Daido Institute of Technology , 2-21, Daido-cho, Minami-ku, Nagoya, 457 Japan
Impact of Manufacturing Agglomeration on the Green Innovation Efficiency—Spatial Effect Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data

Improving the efficiency of green innovation has become an urgent issue in the transformation of manufacturing industries in most developing countries within the context of increasing resource scarcity and environmental constraints. As an important feature of manufacturing development, agglomeration also plays a substantial role the promotion of technological progress and green transformation. Taking China as an example, this paper investigates the spatial impact of manufacturing agglomeration (MAGG) on green innovation efficiency (GIE). We first measure the level of MAGG and GIE in 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China during the period from 2010 to 2019, and then we utilize the spatial Durbin model in order to empirically test the spatial effect and heterogeneity based on theoretical analysis. The findings demonstrate that (1) the overall GIE in China has maintained a steady increase, and the level of MAGG slowly decreased from 2010 to 2019 with characteristics of obvious regional non-equilibrium and spatial correlations; (2) MAGG has a significant effect on the improvement of GIE nationally; (3) under the constraints of regional heterogeneity, the impacts of MAGG on GIE show significant differences between eastern, central and western China; (4) in terms of industry heterogeneity, high-tech MAGG can significantly enhance local GIE, while the indirect effect of non-high-tech MAGG is significantly negative. Our findings not only contribute to the advancement of studies pertaining to industry agglomeration and innovation, but also present policy implications for China and the world at large in terms of the development of high-quality and green economy.
Computational and Preclinical Analysis of 2-(4-Methyl)benzylidene-4,7-dimethyl Indan-1-one (IPX-18): A Novel Arylidene Indanone Small Molecule with Anti-Inflammatory Activity via NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling

Simple Summary Inflammatory responses are recorded in many dreadful diseases. As the presently used mainline anti-inflammatory treatments are proven to have adverse short- and/or long-term side effects, the search for alternative anti-inflammatory agents that may possess lesser side effects is on constant demand. This study evaluates IPX-18, a novel arylidene indanone small molecule, due to its anti-inflammatory activity mediated by NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling. These findings provide new insights for future research on this molecule for its development as a novel anti-inflammatory agent to treat several diseases. Abstract Background: The adverse effects of anti-inflammatory drugs urges the search for new anti-inflammatory agents. This study aims at the preclinical analysis of the in-house synthesized small molecule IPX-18. Human whole blood (HWB), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and neutrophils were used. Rat basophil cells (RBL-2H3) were used to assess degranulation. Binding stability to NF-κB-p50 was predicted using computational docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Essential signaling proteins were evaluated through flow cytometry. Results: IPX-18 inhibited the release of TNF-α with an IC50 value of 298.8 nM and 96.29 nM in the HWB and PBMCs, respectively. The compound depicted an IC50 value of 217.6 nM in the HWB and of 103.7 nM in the PBMCs for IFN-γ inhibition. IL-2 release and IL-8 release were inhibited by IPX-18 in the HWB and PBMCs. The compound controlled the migration of and the elastase in the activated neutrophils. The IC50 value for basophil activation through the FcεRI receptor assay was found to be 91.63 nM. IPX-18 inhibited RBL-2H3-degranulation with an IC50 value of 98.52 nM. The computational docking analysis predicted that IPX-18 would effectively bind NF-κB-p50. NF-κB-phosphorylation in the activated RBL-2H3 cells was decreased, and the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were increased with IPX-18 treatment. Conclusions: IPX-18 demonstrated efficacy in mediating the effector cells’ inflammatory responses through NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling.
Configuring an electrostatic membrane mirror by least-squares fitting with analytically derived influence functions

Electrostatic membrane mirrors are potentially useful as aberration generators. To realize this capability, it is necessary to know the influence functions (each giving mirror response to a single electrode) and then to use a fitting procedure to determine the optimal voltage settings for reproducing a desired surface shape. We show that an approximate analytical solution of Poisson’s equation exists that can generate the influence functions for a circular electrostatic mirror. We also show, by demonstration, that it is computationally feasible to calculate these influence functions and to use them with a fitting procedure to fit the surface of a 109-electrode mirror to a desired shape. Our methods allow one to test the theoretical performance of the 109-electrode mirror; we find that good fits are obtainable for Zernike polynomials of up to degree 6.
The form and energy of the shock waves from the solar flares of August 2, 4, and 7, 1972

The shape of the shock waves associated with the August 1972 solar flares was determined by comparing the plasma measurement data from the Prognoz, Prognoz 2, Pioneer 9, and Pioneer 10 space probes with observations of radio source scintillations and comet brightness. A nearly spherical shock wave form was obtained for two flares on August 2, and essentially nonspherical shock wave forms were obtained for flares on August 4 and 7. The energy and ejected mass determined from the Prognoz 2 measurements of the additional energy and mass flux behind each shock wave are 1032–1033 ergs and 1016–1017 g, respectively. From the comparison of Prognoz 2 and Pioneer 9 data a significant maximum energy flux near the flare meridian on the shock wave front was deduced for the August 4 flare.
Problems in classifying cool degenerate stars

It is shown from model atmosphere calculations that cool, hydrogen-rich degenerate stars may readily be confused spectroscopically with subdwarfs. Many faint, cool, high-proper-motion stars currently classified as subdwarfs may thus turn out to be cool degenerates. Empirical studies of white-dwarf cooling times which do not take this into account may be in serious error. (AIP)
Bildgebende Diagnostik bei pulmonaler Hypertonie

Zusammenfassung Die pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) ist ein häufiges und komplexes Krankheitsbild. Unabhängig von ihrer Ätiologie geht sie mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität einher. Im multidisziplinären diagnostischen Algorithmus und Management der PH kommt dem Radiologen bei der frühzeitigen Diagnosestellung, der Subklassifikation und der Prognoseabschätzung eine wegweisende Rolle zu.
Study of the von Karman flow between coaxial corotating disks

We report an experimental study of the swirling flow generated in the gap between two coaxial corotating disks. We use a free geometry, i.e., unshrouded disks in air, with moderate to high Reynolds numbers. When the relative rotation rate is varied, transitions in the flow can be observed by global power measurement and are related to the geometry of the external recirculating flow. The mean flow is studied in details with hot‐wire measurements using a boxcar‐type averaging technique. It involves a single turbulent vortex undergoing a slow precession motion. We show that statistical properties of the turbulent fluctuations are affected by the dynamics of the mean flow, which also displays a correlation with the global power fluctuations.
On Stable Inversion for Linear Systems

Abstract System inversion is commonly used in many control applications, such as trajectory planning, tracking, optimal control, or feedforward control. In this paper, we introduce a generic stable inversion procedure for linear time invariant systems, using lumped and distributed delays. The solution is BIBO-stable and causal in the time domain. This solution is an approximated inverse of a plant: After a finite time, the error on this approximation will be identically zero. Constructive algebraic procedures and simulation results are carried out. Copyright©2011 IFAC
Comparison of gray matter volume and thickness for analysis of cortical changes in Alzheimer's disease

Gray matter volume and cortical thickness are two indices of concern in brain structure magnetic resonance imaging research. Gray matter volume reflects mixed-measurement information of cerebral cortex, while cortical thickness reflects only the information of distance between inner surface and outer surface of cerebral cortex. Using Scaled Subprofile Modeling based on Principal Component Analysis (SSM_PCA) and Pearson's Correlation Analysis, this study further provided quantitative comparisons and depicted both global relevance and local relevance to comprehensively investigate morphometrical abnormalities in cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thirteen patients with AD and thirteen age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Results showed that factor scores from the first 8 principal components accounted for ~53.38% of the total variance for gray matter volume, and ~50.18% for cortical thickness. Factor scores from the fifth principal component showed significant correlation. In addition, gray matter voxel-based volume was closely related to cortical thickness alterations in most cortical cortex, especially, in some typical abnormal brain regions such as insula and the parahippocampal gyrus in AD. These findings suggest that these two measurements are effective indices for understanding the neuropathology in AD. Studies using both gray matter volume and cortical thickness can separate the causes of the discrepancy, provide complementary information and carry out a comprehensive description of the morphological changes of brain structure.
FIRST REPORT: EXISTENCE OF ALPHEID SHRIMP (Alpheus lobidens De Haan 1849) IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM OF KUALA LANGSA, ACEH, INDONESIA

AbstractThe existence of alpheid shrimp species in Indonesia is not too much found in the latest scientific publications. Alpheid shrimp species can be used as an indicator to assess the quality of the environment in mangrove areas. The discovery of shrimp species from the Alpheid group adds to the list of biodiversity in the mangrove area of Kuala Langsa. Biodiversity of a high number of species in this group of shrimp is usually found in mangrove areas with muddy sand beaches. This is because, this type of shrimp has a habit of living in muddy areas. The living zone of this type of shrimp is almost the same location as the type of crab that is wrapped like the Scylla serrata group. Mangrove area kuala langsa although it has mangrove biodiversity that is relatively high. Kuala Langsa mangrove forests are dominated by the Rhizoporaceae group, which is a type of vegetation that is effective as a sediment trap from the direction of the river estuary while holding abrasion from the direction of the sea. In the current year there is also a condition of decrease in the number of large trees. This is caused by the harvest of mangrove wood to produce charcoal for fuel purposes. This condition will slowly make the function of the ecosystem decrease. Where the role of ecosystems provide living niches for aquatic organisms is decreasing. Land clearing of certain areas of the mangrove area for physical infrastructure purposes such as the construction of restaurants, settlements, roads, small aircraft runways, reduces the ability of the region to maintain the function of its ecosystem. The next thing is the ecological pressure for aquatic biota that has living niches in mangrove areas.Keyword: alpheid shrimp, alpheus, mangrove, ecosystem, kuala langsa, aceh
Second-order properties of MUSIC and ESPRIT estimates of sinusoidal frequencies in high SNR scenarios

Expressions are presented for the variance of the MUSIC and ESPRIT estimates of sinusoidal frequencies, for situations when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high and the number of data is limited. The high SNR variance expressions are compared to the large sample variance expressions presented by Stoica and Soderstrom. The high SNR variance expressions are also valid for reasonable values of the SNR, and should be regarded as a complement to the large sample variance expressions. The theoretical results are supported by Monte Carlo simulations.
Photon number resolving in geiger mode avalanche photodiode photon counters

Abstract The paper reports on research and development in the field of avalanche photodiodes operated as photon counters in a Geiger mode. A technique has been developed and tested that permits estimation of the photon number involved in a detection process. It can be applied in a time correlated photon counting experiment simultaneously with original required time interval estimation. A time walk compensation circuit provides uniform electrical pulses, and the time interval between them is related to the number of photons detected. Employing a picosecond event timing device, the photon number can be estimated within the dynamic range 1–1000 photons with resolution better than a factor of three.
Independent Estimations of the Asymptotic Variability in an Ensemble Forecast System

One desirable property within an ensemble forecast system is to have a one-to-one ratio between the root-mean-square error (rmse) of the ensemble mean and the standard deviation of the ensemble (spread). The ensemble spread and forecast error within the ECMWF ensemble prediction system has been extrapolated beyond 10 forecast days using a simple model for error growth. The behavior of the ensemble spread and the rmse at the time of the deterministic predictability are compared with derived relations of rmse at the infinite forecast length and the characteristic variability of the atmosphere in the limit of deterministic predictability. Utilizing this methodology suggests that the forecast model and the atmosphere do not have the same variability, which raises the question of how to obtain a perfect ensemble.
Infrared Measurements of Jet-Stream Cirrus.

Abstract An experimental investigation into the radiative characteristics of jet-stream cirrus was undertaken by using AFCRL's research instrumented U-2 aircraft. Radiation measurements in the 8–13 μ window region along with aerial photography were made by flying the aircraft at various altitudes above and through the cirrus regimes. The results of this investigation are described. The window radiation data obtained over and in jet-stream cirrus give little information as to the absolute cloud height or temperature. The results of direct observations from the U-2 aircraft suggets a very wide range of values of emission and transmission for cirrus cloud regimes in the 8–13 μ window region. The blackbody assumption in this region as it pertains to cirrus clouds must be abandoned. Deviations of radiometric from ambient cirrus temperatures range from 0–68K. These temperature deviations cause errors of 0–30,000 ft in estimating the height of the cirrus tops. It is possible to improve cirrus height and temperat.
Measures of Location for Confidence Intervals for Proportions

Numerous methods have been developed to calculate confidence intervals for the binomial proportion π. Boundedness and discreteness of the sample space imply that none achieves exactly the nominal α/2 left and right non coverage. We consider whether intervals calculated by a particular method tend to be located too close to, or too far out from, the center of symmetry of the support scale, 1/2. Interval location may be characterized by the balance of mesial and distal non coverage in a study evaluating coverage. A complementary approach, applicable to a calculated interval, is derived from the Box–Cox family of scale transformations.