Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Introducing datasets for next generation geostationary imager compression studies

MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and other satellite data have been staged (http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/bitdepthcompression/) for use in ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) data compression studies. The 16-channel ABI is the next generation imager on the GOES-R (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) series. Most ABI bands can be simulated in this manner from MODIS observations. The advantage of using actual satellite observations is that the small-scale features are more realistic than those simulated from numerical models. High spatial resolution MODIS data have been spatially and radiometrically reformatted and posted for community use. This includes visible (VIS), near-infrared (IR) and IR bands. These images include weather/environmental phenomena, such as: fire and smoke, mountain waves, dust storms and clouds. There are several steps in these ABI simulations: select the original MODIS images for these various cases, select bands with similar central wavenumbers, de-stripe the IR bands, average to the ABI spatial resolution, subset over the area of interest, and correct for planned image bit depth. Sample METEOSAT-8 SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) data, from EUMETSAT (EUropean organization for the exploitation of METeorological SATellites), have also been posted. There are 11 spectral bands for 3 sequential times for those interested in compression of full disk images. Finally, unaltered GOES-12 Imager Full Disk images have been staged. There are five spectral bands for both a "night" and "day" case. There has been no post-processing on these non-MODIS images. Each of these datasets has advantages and disadvantages in so far as they represent what will be obtained from the ABI.
Collateral Constraints and the Interest Rate

This paper establishes a transmission mechanism between credit constraints and persistently low real interest rates. In doing so, it establishes a link between two strands of macroeconomic literature that have become prominent since the nancial crisis; nancial frictions literature and zero lower bound literature. In order to analyse the credit constraints and interest rate interaction, the paper presets a perpetual youth overlapping generations model, which is extended to incorporate an endogenous nancial friction in the form of a collateral constraint. Analytical expressions and elementary diagrams are presented to illustrate the results of the model. It is found that a tightening of the nancial friction reduces the steady state rate of interest, and that non-lineaities exist in this relationship. This result occurs endogenously in the model subsequent to a change in the constraint. The model also supports hypotheses from the secular stagnation literature by way of illustrating that population ageing and higher debt levels canleave an economy more likely to encounter episodes of persistent low interest rates.
Exploring Spatial Variation of Urban Taxi Ridership Using Geographically Weighted Regression

Taxicab is an important component of the urban transit system in terms of its functionality and the amount of passengers served daily. While extensive studies have been conducted to analyze the transit demand such as bus and light-rail ridership, few efforts are made to explore the taxi ridership. In this paper, the authors present the first study to analyze the spatial pattern of the urban taxi ridership. The relationship between the taxi ridership and variables related to demographics, urban land use and the accessibility to other public transport modes are investigated using large scale New York City (NYC) taxi trip data and geographical database. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) is implemented to model the urban taxi ridership and visualize spatial distributions of parameter estimations. The results suggest that the GWR completely outperforms the ordinary least square (OLS) method in terms of the goodness of fit and explanatory power. Additionally, the urban form is found to have significant impact on the calibration of independent variables and failing to account for the spatial non-stationary effect may lead to biased estimations. In general, the study provides an in-depth understanding on how taxi ridership varies over the space and the results may serve as a guidance for predicting taxi demand, developing proper regulations for the taxi industry and drawing up urban plans.
Tourism experiences’ memorability and behavioural intentions: A study on tourists in Sardinia, Italy

This study examines how the co-creation of a tourism experience, the level of satisfaction that the experience generates and the different dimensions that make it memorable (hedonism, novelty, local culture, refreshment, meaningfulness, involvement, and knowledge) affect the trip experience’s overall memorability and, in turn, impact tourists’ behavioural intentions. This study used a survey questionnaire to gather data from travellers who visited Sardinia, Italy, resulting in a sample of 343 tourists for analysis. The results demonstrate the role of satisfaction and four dimensions of the memorable tourism experience scale (novelty, refreshment, involvement and knowledge) in the formation of overall trip memorability, which further influences behavioural intentions. This research contradicts studies indicating that tourists may not recall satisfactory experiences in the post-consumption phase and that co-creative tourism experiences positively affect their memorability.
Measuring Mars Atmospheric Winds From Orbit

Wind is the process that connects Mars' climate system. Measurements of Mars atmospheric winds from orbit would dramatically advance our understanding of Mars and help prepare for human exploration of the Red Planet. Multiple instrument candidates are in development and will be ready for flight in the next decade. We urge the Decadal Survey to make these measurements a priority for 2023-2032.
Journal Pre-proofs The progressive loss of brain network fingerprints in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis predicts clinical impairment in

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by functional connectivity alterations in both motor and extra-motor brain regions. Within the framework of network analysis, fingerprinting represents a reliable approach to assess subject-specific connectivity features within a given population (healthy or diseased). Here, we applied the Clinical Connectome Fingerprint (CCF) analysis to source-reconstructed signals in a cohort of seventy-eight subjects: thirty-nine ALS patients and thirty-nine healthy controls. We set out to develop an identifiability matrix to assess the extent to which each patient was recognisable based on his/her connectome, as compared to healthy controls. The analysis was performed in the five canonical frequency bands. Then, we built a multilinear regression model to test the ability of the “clinical fingerprint” to predict the clinical evolution of the disease, as assessed by the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-r), the King’s disease staging system, and the Milano-Torino Staging (MiToS) disease staging system. We 51 found a drop in the identifiability of patients in the alpha band compared to the healthy controls. 52 Furthermore, the “clinical fingerprint” was predictive of the ALSFRS-r (p=0.0397; β=32.8), the 53 King’s (p=0.0001; β= -7.40), and the MiToS (p=0.0025; β= -4.9) scores. Accordingly, it negatively 54 correlated with the King’s (Spearman’s rho= -0.6041, p=0.0003) and MiToS scales (Spearman’s 55 rho=-0.4953, p=0.0040). Our results demonstrated the ability of the CCF approach to predict the 56 individual motor impairment in patients affected by ALS in patients affected by ALS. Given the 57 subject-specificity of our approach, we hope to further exploit it to improve disease management.
Steady States in Search-and-Matching Models

Most of the literature that studies frictional search-and-matching models with heterogeneous agents and random search investigates steady states. Steady state requires that the flows of agents into and out of the population of unmatched agents balance. Here, we investigate the structure of this steady-state condition. We build on the ``fundamental matching lemma'' for quadratic search technologies in Shimer and Smith (2000) and establish the existence, uniqueness, and comparative-static properties of the solution to the steady-state condition for any search technology that satisfies minimal regularity conditions.
AN HOLISTIC AND INTERGRATED APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATING THE BACTERIAL MICROBIOME, GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND IMMUNE CELL PROFILE IN THE NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER TUMOUR MICROENVIRONMENT

Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10 th most common cancer world-wide with an estimated 570,000+ people being diagnosed in 2020. 1 It has been shown that communities of bacteria (bacterial microbiome) exist in both normal and cancerous tissues and can impact treatment efficacy (e.g. metabo-lising chemotherapeutics). 2 3 We investigated the microbiome in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue across different stages of BC compared to adjacent normal tissue to investigate differentially expressed (DE) bacteria. We also investigated DE bacteria between Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) treatment responders vs non responders. These findings were then correlated to differential host immune gene expression and infiltrating immune cell profiles and spatial relationships within the tumour microenvironment (TME).
Efflorescence upon humidification? X‐ray microspectroscopic in situ observation of changes in aerosol microstructure and phase state upon hydration

The phase and mixing state of atmospheric aerosols is a central determinant of their properties and thus their role in atmospheric cycling and climate. Particularly, the hygroscopic response of aerosol particles to relative humidity (RH) variation is a key aspect of their atmospheric life cycle and impacts. Here we applied X‐ray microspectroscopy under variable RH conditions to internally mixed aerosol particles from the Amazonian rain forest collected during periods with anthropogenic pollution. Upon hydration, we observed substantial and reproducible changes in particle microstructure, which appear as mainly driven by efflorescence and recrystallization of sulfate salts. Multiple solid and liquid phases were found to coexist, especially in intermediate humidity regimes. We show that X‐ray microspectroscopy under variable RH is a valuable technique to analyze the hygroscopic response of individual ambient aerosol particles. Our initial results underline that RH changes can trigger strong particle restructuring, in agreement with previous studies on artificial aerosols.
Excavations at the Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, 1968-1972

The lower Palaeolithic site at Swanscombe has been the focus of research and debate since the beginning of the century. Not only did it provide evidence of Clactonian flint industries overlain by Acheulian, but it has also yielded the only human skull fragments from this period in Britain. This volume provides a detailed description of the most recent axcavations undertaken by John Waechter from 1968-72. Included are chapters on the historical background of Swanscombe, the geology of the site and surrounding area, together with chapters on the associated fish, bird, mammal and pollen remains. These provide the geological and environmental context for the flint industries which are described and interpreted in the final chapters. New information on the refitting of the knapping scatters is balanced by fresh interpretations that question the validity of the Clactonian/Acheulian division. After a century of research this volume demonstrates that Swanscombe is still a site of international importance, and continues to offer new evidence.
Cutting Edge Aquatic-Based Collagens in Tissue Engineering

Aquatic-based collagens have attracted much interest due to their great potential application for biomedical sectors, including the tissue engineering sector, as a major component of the extracellular matrix in humans. Their physical and biochemical characteristics offer advantages over mammalian-based collagen; for example, they have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, are easy to extract, and pose a relatively low immunological risk to mammalian products. The utilization of aquatic-based collagen also has fewer religious restrictions and lower production costs. Aquatic-based collagen also creates high-added value and good environmental sustainability by aquatic waste utilization. Thus, this study aims to overview aquatic collagen’s characteristics, extraction, and fabrication. It also highlights its potential application for tissue engineering and the regeneration of bone, cartilage, dental, skin, and vascular tissue. Moreover, this review highlights the recent research in aquatic collagen, future prospects, and challenges for it as an alternative biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sarcopenia as Comorbid Chronic Diseases in Older Adults: Established and Emerging Treatments and Therapies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass and function) share a bidirectional relationship. The prevalence of these diseases increases with age and they share common risk factors. Skeletal muscle fat infiltration, commonly referred to as myosteatosis, may be a major contributor to both T2DM and sarcopenia in older adults via independent effects on insulin resistance and muscle health. Many strategies to manage T2DM result in energy restriction and subsequent weight loss, and this can lead to significant declines in muscle mass in the absence of resistance exercise, which is also a first-line treatment for sarcopenia. In this review, we highlight recent evidence on established treatments and emerging therapies targeting weight loss and muscle mass and function improvements in older adults with, or at risk of, T2DM and/or sarcopenia. This includes dietary, physical activity and exercise interventions, new generation incretin-based agonists and myostatin-based antagonists, and endoscopic bariatric therapies. We also highlight how digital health technologies and health literacy interventions can increase uptake of, and adherence to, established and emerging treatments and therapies in older adults with T2DM and/or sarcopenia.
Domain swap facilitates structural transitions of spider silk protein C‐terminal domains

Domain swap is a mechanism of protein dimerization where the two interacting domains exchange parts of their structure. Web spiders make use of the process in the connection of C‐terminal domains (CTDs) of spidroins, the soluble protein building blocks that form tough silk fibers. Besides providing connectivity and solubility, spidroin CTDs are responsible for inducing structural transitions during passage through an acidified assembly zone within spinning ducts. The underlying molecular mechanisms are elusive. Here, we studied the folding of five homologous spidroin CTDs from different spider species or glands. Four of these are domain‐swapped dimers formed by five‐helix bundles from spidroins of major and minor ampullate glands. The fifth is a dimer that lacks domain swap, formed by four‐helix bundles from a spidroin of a flagelliform gland. Spidroins from this gland do not undergo structural transitions whereas the others do. We found a three‐state mechanism of folding and dimerization that was conserved across homologues. In chemical denaturation experiments the native CTD dimer unfolded to a dimeric, partially structured intermediate, followed by full unfolding to denatured monomers. The energetics of the individual folding steps varied between homologues. Contrary to the common belief that domain swap stabilizes protein assemblies, the non‐swapped homologue was most stable and folded four orders of magnitude faster than a swapped variant. Domain swap of spidroin CTDs induces an entropic penalty to the folding of peripheral helices, thus unfastening them for acid‐induced unfolding within a spinning duct, which primes them for refolding into alternative structures during silk formation.
Control groups for HIV prevention efficacy trials: what does the future hold?

Purpose of review Ending the HIV epidemic will require the development of additional effective immune-mediated and nonimmune-mediated means of HIV prevention. Evaluating novel interventions requires large, controlled trials demonstrating efficacy. Recent advances in the field of HIV prevention necessitate new approaches to efficacy trial design. Recent findings Three classes of efficacy trial designs are possible: standard of prevention-controlled trials, active-controlled trials, and active-controlled trials augmented with external control data. Recent experience with these approaches provides lessons on considerations around and success of the designs. Additional experience and development is needed for the augmented active-controlled trial design. Summary Efficacy trials of new HIV prevention interventions are feasible but require careful consideration, given the complexity and dynamic state of the prevention field. While standard of prevention-controlled efficacy trials are reasonable approaches for HIV vaccine and monoclonal antibody efficacy trials, trials of new antiretroviral agents may require active-controlled designs.
Centre Emile Bernheim

Regulatory loan ceilings are commonly found in the prosocial lending sector, yet they can have unintended perverse effects. By mitigating the risk of adverse selection, loan caps catalyze cofinancing arrangements between subsidized lenders and commercial banks. These arrangements can, in turn, crowd out the most vulnerable borrowers, i.e., those typically targeted by regulators. To assess this claim, we proceed in two steps. First, we build a theoretical model. Second, we test it, drawing on a rich hand-collected dataset on the clientele of an unregulated French microcredit provider that turned into a regulated institution—following a shock affecting its funding sources. Using a difference-in-differences linear probability model with propensity score matching, we empirically confirm the theoretical prediction that the imposition of a loan ceiling will lead to mission drift.
Use and outcome of TIPS in hospitalized patients in Germany: A Nationwide study (2007–2018)

Background: The number of complications in patients admitted for cirrhosis has increased over time. Portal hypertension is the driver of many complications of cirrhosis. TIPS placement is the most effective treatment of portal hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the use and impact of TIPS placement in the last decade in a nationwide study in Germany. Methods: We analyzed 14,598 admissions of patients for TIPS insertions in Germany from 2007 to 2018 using the DRG system, 12,877 out of 2,000,765 total admissions of patients with cirrhosis. All diagnoses and procedures were coded according to ICD-10-CM and OPS codes. The data were analyzed, focusing on the number of admissions and in-hospital mortality. Results: The number of TIPS placements increased over the last decade. In-hospital mortality of cirrhotic patients with TIPS decreased when it was placed for severe bleeding (15.2% [TIPS] vs. 19.5% [endoscopy treatment]), ascites (8.7% [TIPS] vs. 14.4% [paracentesis]), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) (17.1% [TIPS] vs. 43.3% [no-TIPS]). In the case of bleeding, TIPS significantly decreased in-hospital mortality and also in ascites and HRS. During hospitalization, 22.6% admissions of patients with TIPS insertion showed HE. However, in-hospital mortality in patients admitted with HE grades 1 or 2 and TIPS was lower than in patients without TIPS. In the logistic regression, a higher HE grade(3 and 4), infection, and circulatory disease were found to be independently associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with TIPS insertion. Conclusion: Our nationwide study demonstrates that TIPS insertion is increasingly used in Germany. TIPS improves outcomes, especially in patients with ascites and HRS, regardless of lower HE grades, while higher HE grades, infection, and circulatory diseases seem to be associated with risk of in-hospital mortality.
- Swansea University Open Access Repository

The purpose of this paper is to develop a detection algorithm for the ﬁrst jump point in sampling trajectories of jump-diﬀusions which are described as solutions of stochastic diﬀerential equations driven by α -stable white noise. This is done by a multivariate Lagrange interpolation approach. To this end, we utilise computer simulation algorithm in MATLAB to visualise the sampling trajectories of the jump-diﬀusions for various combinations of parameters arising in the modelling structure of stochastic diﬀerential equations.
BTOR2MLIR: A Format and Toolchain for Hardware Verification

Formats for representing and manipulating verification problems are extremely important for supporting the ecosystem of tools, developers, and practitioners. A good format allows representing many different types of problems, has a strong toolchain for manipulating and translating problems, and can grow with the community. In the world of hardware verification, and, specifically, the Hardware Model Checking Competition (HWMCC), the BTOR2 format has emerged as the dominating format. It is supported by BTOR2TOOLS, verification tools, and Verilog design tools like Yosys. In this paper, we present an alternative format and toolchain, called BTOR2MLIR, based on the recent MLIR framework. The advantage of BTOR2MLIR is in reusing existing components from a mature compiler infrastructure, including parsers, text and binary formats, converters to a variety of intermediate representations, and executable semantics of LLVM. We hope that the format and our tooling will lead to rapid prototyping of verification and related tools for hardware verification.
Probing the Viscoelastic Properties of Aqueous Protein Solutions using Molecular Dynamics Simulations

We performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the viscoelastic properties of aqueous protein solutions containing an antifreeze protein, a toxin protein, and bovine serum albumin. These simulations covered a temperature range from 280 K to 340 K. Our findings demonstrate that lower temperatures are associated with higher viscosity as well as a lower bulk modulus and speed of sound for all the systems studied. Furthermore, we observe an increase in the bulk modulus and speed of sound as the temperature increases up to a weak maximum while the viscosity decreases. Moreover, we analyzed the influence of protein concentration on the viscoelastic properties of the antifreeze protein solution. We observed a consistent increase in the bulk modulus, speed of sound, and viscosity as the protein concentration increased. Remarkably, our molecular dynamics simulations results closely resemble the trends observed in Brillouin scattering experiments on aqueous protein solutions. The similarity thus validates the use of simulations in studying the viscoelastic properties of protein water solutions. Ultimately, this work provides motivation for the integration of computer simulations with experimental data and holds potential for advancing our understanding of both simple and complex systems.