Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Response of Deep Tropical Clouds to Mesoscale Processes: Part 2; Sensitivities to Microphysics, Radiation, and Surface Fluxes

The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model is used to examine the sensitivities of surface fluxes, explicit radiation, and ice microphysical processes on multi-day simulations of deep tropical convection over the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled OceanAtmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). The simulations incorporate large-scale advective temperature and moisture forcing, as well as large-scale momentum, that are updated every time step on a periodic lateral boundary grid. This study shows that when surface fluxes are eliminated, the mean atmosphere is much cooler and drier, convection and CAPE are much weaker, precipitation is less, and cloud coverage in stratiform regions much greater. Surface fluxes using the TOGA COARE flux algorithm are weaker than with the aerodynamic formulation, but closer to the observed fluxes. In addition, similar trends noted above for the case without surface fluxes are produced for the TOGA flux case, albeit to a much lesser extent. The elimination of explicit shortwave and longwave radiation is found to have only minimal effects on the mean thermodynamics, convection, and precipitation. However explicit radiation does have a significant impact on cloud temperatures and structure above 200 mb and on the overall mean vertical circulation. The removal of ice processes produces major changes in the structure of the cloud. Much of the liquid water is transported aloft and into anvils above the melting layer (600 mb), leaving narrow, but intense bands of rainfall in convective regions. The elimination of melting processes leads to greater hydrometeor mass below the melting layer, and produces a much warmer and moister boundary layer, leading to a greater mean CAPE. Finally, the elimination of the graupel species has only a small impact on mean total precipitation, thermodynamics, and dynamics of the simulation, but does produce much greater snow mass just above the melting layer. Some of these results differ from previous CRM studies of tropical systems, which is likely due to the type of simulated system, total time integration, and model setup.
INFLUENCES OF FUEL MOISTURE AND REPEATED BURNING ON BLACK CARBON PRODUCTION AND LOSS IN MASTICATED FUELS : AN EXPERIMENTAL COMBUSTION STUDY

Forests have internationally been recognized as carbon sinks, and future forest management strategies should facilitate practices that improve their sink potential. Efforts to improve stand resilience in the Western U.S. utilize various fuels reduction techniques to remove or reallocate biomass from aerial fuels to ground fuels to reduce fire risk. Mastication (mechanized mulching) is commonly used to redistribute aerial ladder fuels to the forest floor. Prescribed fires often follow mastication treatments to reduce surface fuel loadings and reduce future extreme fire behavior; resulting in charred residues and ash due to incomplete and complete combustion respectively. Carbon in these fire-altered residues, commonly referred to as black carbon (BC), has prolonged residence times (ca. 1000-10,000 years) in terrestrial ecosystems due to changes in atomic structures brought about by thermal oxidation. Accumulation of BC in forest soils through multiple fire events can lead to a net increase a forest carbon stocks as successive fire disturbance/regeneration cycles occur over time if the BC is successfully passed into passive carbon pools. The persistence of BC in soils is a function of formation temperature, where higher formation temperatures produce highly biologically resistant BC. Very little BC research has been conducted in wildland fire environments addressing specific fuel properties which directly control fire behavior. Chapter 1 uses 15 masticated fuel beds set at three moisture levels to experimentally test how fuel moisture influences BC produced, effectively manipulating the fire intensity, in wildland masticated fuels. Increases in fuel moisture led to increased BC concentrations, while dryer fuel moisture produced less BC. These results suggest that fuel moisture and resulting fire intensity are important drivers of BC production. Following formation, several degradation
Measurements of light‐absorbing particles in snow across the Arctic, North America, and China: Effects on surface albedo

Using field observations, we perform radiative transfer calculations on snowpacks in the Arctic, China, and North America to quantify the impact of light‐absorbing particles (LAPs) on snow albedo and its sensitivity to different factors. For new snow, the regional‐averaged albedo reductions caused by all LAPs in the Arctic, North America, and China are 0.009, 0.012, and 0.077, respectively, of which the albedo reductions caused by black carbon (BC) alone are 0.005, 0.005, and 0.031, corresponding to a positive radiative forcing of 0.06, 0.3, and 3 W m−2. For the same particulate concentrations, the albedo reduction for old melting snow is larger than that of new snow by a factor of 2; this leads to 3–8 times larger radiative forcing, in part due to higher solar irradiance in the melting season. These calculations used ambient snowpack properties; if all snowpacks were instead assumed to be optically thick, the albedo reduction would be 20–50% larger for new snow in the Arctic and North America and 120–300% larger for old snow. Accounting for non‐BC LAPs reduces the albedo reduction by BC in the Arctic, North America, and China by 32%, 29%, and 70%, respectively, for new snow and 11%, 7%, and 51% for old snow. BC‐in‐snow albedo reduction computed using a two‐layer model agrees reasonably with that computed using a multilayer model. Biases in BC concentration or snow depth often lead to nonlinear biases in BC‐induced albedo reduction.
EFFECTS OF ION BOMBARDMENT ON BULK GaAs ... PHYS . REV . ACCEL . BEAMS

Bulk GaAs samples with different surface cleave planes were implanted with 100 and 10 000 V hydrogen ions inside an ultrahigh vacuum test apparatus to simulate ion back-bombardment of the photocathode inside a DC high voltage photogun. The photocathode yield, or quantum efficiency, could easily be recovered following implantation with 100 V hydrogen ions but not for 10 000 V ions. Moreover, the implantation damage with 10 000 V hydrogen ions was more pronounced for GaAs photocathode samples with (100) and (111A) cleave planes, compared to the photocathode with (110) cleave plane. This result is consistent with enhanced ion channeling for the (110) cleave plane compared to the other cleave planes, with ions penetrating deeper into the photocathode material beyond the absorption depth of the laser light and beyond the region of the photocathode where the photoemitted electrons originate.
Spin-(1)/(2) J 1 -J 2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice: A plaquette renormalized tensor network study

We apply the plaquette renormalization scheme of tensor network states [Phys. Rev. E, 83, 056703 (2011)] to study the spin-1/2 frustrated Heisenberg J1-J2 model on a L*L square lattice with L = 8, 16 and 32. By treating tensor elements as variational parameters, we obtain the ground states for di? erent J2/J1 values, and investigate the staggered magnetic order parameters, the nearest-neighbor spin-spin correlations and the plaquette order parameters. In addition to the well-known N? eel-order and collinear-order at low and high J2/J1, we observe a plaquette order at intermediate J2/J1. A continuous transition between the N\'eel order and the plaquette order near J2 = 0.40J1 is observed. The collinear order emerges at J2 = 0.62J1 through a fi? rst-order phase transition.
Effect of radial internal clearance on the fatigue life of the radial cylindrical roller bearing

A material constant B bearing width C basic dynamic load rating D bearing outside diameter Dr roller diameter E Young’s modulus Fr radial load of the bearing INT integer function L fatigue life Lr roller length Qr resultant normal force in the roller‐main race contact St Stribeck’s constant Uz local displacement inside the bearing elements Z depth of occurrence of maximal von Mises stresses along the x axis Zr number of rollers in the bearing b half width of the contact c exponent in the equation determining the survival prob‐ ability d bearing bore diameter dbi diameter of the inner ring raceway dbo diameter of the outer ring raceway e Weibull slope g radial clearance in the bearing h exponent in the equation determining the survival prob‐ ability i inner raceway j number of roller l length of the roller‐main race contact area o outer raceway n number of pairs of loaded items rb radius of the main race rc roller chamfer u number of load cycles per one revolution δmax maximum elastic deformation δc total displacement of the bearing axis ν Poisson’s constant σ maximal von Mises stress occurring along the x axis Chudzik A, WArdA B. Effect of radial internal clearance on the fatigue life of the radial cylindrical roller bearing. Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc – Maintenance and reliability 2019; 21 (2): 211–219, http://dx.doi. org/10.17531/ein.2019. 2.4.
APPLYING THE BDD ELECTRODE IN THE PROCESS OF REMOVING PHARMACEUTICALS BY ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION

Pharmaceuticals and their metabolites are inevitably emitted into the waters. The adverse environmental and human health effects of pharmaceutical residues in water could take place under a very low concentration range; from several μg/l to ng/l. These are challenges to the global water industries as there are no enough efficient processes for removing these pollutants. An efficient technology is thus sought to treat these pollutants in water and wastewater. Research involving electrochemical oxidation of emerging contaminants using BDD electrode is relatively new and more relevant information is still needed to obtain the desired result. The present work reports experimental results of the electrochemical oxidation of Ibuprofen (Ibu) solutions using boron-doped synthetic diamond (BDD) electrode. Electrochemical characterization of Ibu in a solution of 0,05 M Na2SO4 using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and the results of Ibuelectro oxidation using BDD electrode with current density of 30 mA /cm2 during 6 hours were shown. By using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) decrease of the initial Ibu concentration has been shown, from 375 mg/l to 70 mg/l or 81,4% and decrease of COD value from 960 mg O2/l to 210 mg O2/l or about 78%, with a specific charge of 36 A h/l.
Palindromic Properties of Two-Dimensional Fibonacci Words

Combinatorial properties of 1D Fibonacci words is a well studied topic in Formal language theory. In the year 2000, Apostolico et.al. extended the concept of one dimensional Fibonacci words to two dimensional Fibonacci arrays and investigated the number of repetitions of some structures (squares, tandems). In this paper, we investigate the number of distinct Palindromic occurrences in any given Fibonacci array. We also investigate the number of palindromes in the conjugacy class of a Fibonacci array. Key-words: Fibonacci arrays, Palindromes, Parikh vector, Conjugacy.
Physics of Peptide Nanostructures and Their Nanotechnology Applications

Aβ Amyloid-β AFM Atomic force microscope CD Circular dichroism DSC Differential scanning calorimeter ESEM Environmental scanning electron microscope FF Diphenylalanine FT-IR Fourier transform infrared FWHM Full width at half maximum HFIP 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol IP In plane OOP Out of plane PFM Piezoelectric force microscopy PL Photoluminescence Physics of Peptide Nanostructures and Their Nanotechnology Applications
Capillary filling of carbon nanotubes by BiCl3: TEM and MD insight

Among numerous trichlorides, the melt of BiCl3 is a distinctly molecular liquid with a relatively low melting point, yet, with a high surface tension. Therefore, the attractiveness of a simple capillary filling technique for fabrication of nanosized BiCl3 by dispersion within a nanocapillary needs a special investigation. Here, we report the successful synthesis and the transmission electron microscopy characterization
Business Process Management and Organizational Culture in Big Companies: Cross-Country Analysis

 Abstract — Business process management (BPM) is widely used approach focused on designing, mapping, changing, managing and analyzing business processes of an organization, which eventually leads to better performance and derives many other benefits. Since every organization strives to improve its performance in order to be sustainable and to remain competitive on the market in long-term period, numerous organizations are nowadays adopting and implementing BPM. However, not all organizations are equally successful in that. One of the ways of measuring BPM success is by measuring its maturity by calculating Process Performance Index (PPI) using ten BPM success factors. Still, although BPM is a holistic concept, organizational culture is not taken into consideration in calculating PPI. Hence, aim of this paper is twofold; first, it aims to explore and analyze the current state of BPM success factors within the big organizations from Slovenia, Croatia, and Austria and second, it aims to analyze the structure of organizational culture within the observed companies, focusing on the link with BPM success factors as well. The presented study is based on the results of the questionnaire conducted as the part of the PROSPER project (IP-2014-09-3729) and financed by Croatian Science Foundation. The results of the questionnaire reveal differences in the achieved levels of BPM success factors and therefore BPM maturity in total between the three observed countries. Moreover, the structure of organizational culture across three countries also differs. This paper discusses the revealed differences between countries as well as the link between organizational culture and BPM success
Obstacles to Disinflation: What is the Role of Fiscal Expectations?

Is backward-looking behavior in pricing or imperfect credibility of stabilization efforts responsible for the failure of inflation rates to decline to targeted levels during many disinflation programs? This paper assesses the relative importance of these two factors during a number of disinflation attempts in developing and transition economies. Using survey data, we find that expectations of future inflation play a much more important role than past inflation in shaping the inflation process. We also find that an improvement in primary fiscal balances significantly reduces inflation expectations. This suggests that during stabilization episodes, priority should be given to building fiscal credibility by strengthening public finances.
Multiparty entanglement in graph states

Graph states are multiparticle entangled states that correspond to mathematical graphs, where the vertices of the graph take the role of quantum spin systems and edges represent Ising interactions. They are many-body spin states of distributed quantum systems that play a significant role in quantum error correction, multiparty quantum communication, and quantum computation within the framework of the one-way quantum computer. We characterize and quantify the genuine multiparticle entanglement of such graph states in terms of the Schmidt measure, to which we provide upper and lower bounds in graph theoretical terms. Several examples and classes of graphs will be discussed, where these bounds coincide. These examples include trees, cluster states of different dimensions, graphs that occur in quantum error correction, such as the concatenated [7,1,3]-CSS code, and a graph associated with the quantum Fourier transform in the one-way computer. We also present general transformation rules for graphs when local Pauli measurements are applied, and give criteria for the equivalence of two graphs up to local unitary transformations, employing the stabilizer formalism. For graphs of up to seven vertices we provide complete characterization modulo local unitary transformations and graph isomorphisms.
Title Low-latency compression of mocap data using learnedspatial decorrelation transform

Due to the growing needs of motion capture (mocap) in movie, video games, sports, etc., it is highly desired to compress mocap data for efficient storage and transmission. Unfortunately, the existing compression methods have either high latency or poor compression performance, making them less appealing for timecritical applications and/or network with limited bandwidth. This paper presents two efficient methods to compress mocap data with low latency. The first method processes the data in a frame-by-frame manner so that it is ideal for mocap data streaming. The second one is clip-oriented and provides a flexible tradeoff between latency and compression performance. It can achieve higher compression performance while keeping the latency fairly low and controllable. Observing that mocap data exhibits some unique spatial characteristics, we learn an orthogonal transform to reduce the spatial redundancy. We formulate the learning problem as the least square of reconstruction error regularized by orthogonality and sparsity, and solve it via alternating iteration. We also adopt a predictive coding and temporal DCT for temporal decorrelation in the frameand clip-oriented methods, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can produce higher compression performance at lower computational cost and latency than the state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our methods are general and applicable to various types of mocap data.
A Preliminary Analysis of the Relationship Between Generalised Deprivation and Infant Mortality in Rural India

In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the relationship between poverty and infant mortality in rural India. In the process, a case has been advanced in favour of measuring deprivation in non-income dimensions, particularly in the sphere of access to infrasructural facilities. To this end, an index of ‘generalised deprivation’ of access to infrastructural facilities has been constructed. This index has been employed to explore the relationship between deprivation and infant mortality. The results show that the incidence of generalised deprivation has positive impact on infant mortality, which suggests that there is a case for improving access to basic infrastructural facilities such as drinking water provided by a tap, public transport, healthcare facilities, clean fuel, electricity for lighting, and ‘pucca’ road. Also, in this paper, an account of the magnitude and spatial variability in the incidence of generalised deprivation suffered by the rural population in India is provided, which is expected to be of considerable use to planners and policy makers. Acknowledgements: This paper has benefited a great deal from helpful discussions that I have had with S.Subramanian, and also by his comments on an earlier version. I thank R. Dharumaperumal for his customary assistance with word-processing of the paper.
Studies on floral biology of Tuberose ( Polianthes tuberosa L . ) under Tarai regions of Uttarakhand

Ten varieties of Tuberose i.e Prajwal, Shringar, GKTC-4, Mexican Single, Sikkim Selection, Kalyani Single, Single, Sikkim Selection, Phule Rajani and Arka Nirantara were studied for their floral biology. Anther dehiscence started simultaneously with anthesis in most of the varieties except Phule Rajani, Arka Nirantara and Single. The peak time of anthesis ranged from 9.00 to 10.00 hrs. The duration of stigma receptivity was for 48 hours for all the varieties except Arka Nirantara. Variety Phule Rajani had highest pollen sterility while Arka Nirantara had lowest pollen sterility. The pollen germination was found to be higher when 60 ppm boric acid + 15% sucrose solution was used and the highest germination (51.83%) was observed in variety Single. The pollen diameter of the varieties ranged from 145.83 μm to 212.50 μm and number of pollens was found to be maximum (271.30 X104) in Mexican Single and minimum (87.20 X104) in Phule Rajani of the large bud.
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic and antioxidative compounds from lizard tail ( Houttuynia cordata Thunb . )

Lizard tail (Houttuynia cordata Thunb.) is an Asian herb which has many biological activities, including antioxidative property from polyphenolic compounds. Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design were employed to study the effect of extraction temperature (30 to 70°C), extraction time (10 to 30 min), ethanol concentration (30 to 70%), and solvent to sample ratio (2 to 6 ml/g) on ultrasonic-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from lizard tail and antioxidant capacity of the herb extract. Extraction temperature was the most relevant factor on the responses. Optimal condition was the extraction temperature of 70°C for 30 min, using 60% ethanol concentration at the solvent to sample ratio of 5 ml/g. Model adequacies were confirmed by extraction at the optimal condition and normality of standardized residuals.
Fragmented Riverine Habitats in Taiwan Have Spatio-Temporal Consequences, Re-Distributing Caprimulgus affinis into Urban Areas Leading to a Human–Wildlife Conflict

Caprimulgus affinis is an endemic species commonly known as the Taiwan nighthawk, forest nighthawk, or South Asian nighthawk. In recent years, the C. affinis population has gradually moved outward from river habitats into the metropolitan areas of Taiwan. Because male birds’ booming sounds at night can reach up to 90 dB or higher and they can be intermittently tweeting for more than 10 hours, they often disturb the sleep of urban residents and can even cause nightmares. In this study, we analyzed long-term survey data to assess the distribution history of C. affinis in Taiwan. By using 1738 entries of observation data collected from 1999 to 2014, a model of C. affinis distribution was constructed, and a geostatistical method was used to improve the accuracy of the model estimate. In addition, the Mann–Kendall trend test was applied to predict future C. affinis distribution. Based on the results, four variables were selected to construct the C. affinis distribution matrix. Urban population, coastal proximity, and distance to upstream river location represented positive driving forces, whereas city elevation was a negative driving force. C. affinis is currently distributed on the plains of central and southern Taiwan and in eastern Taiwan. The C. affinis emergence trend diagram was plotted using the time–space trend diagram, which showed yearly increases in the C. affinis populations in urban and settled areas including central, western, northeastern, and southeastern Taiwan and yearly decreases in the populations in rural areas including northern and southern Taiwan, especially in fragmented riverine habitats. Regression kriging can correctly describe the distribution of the entire C. affinis population, which leads to the correct understanding of the biological corridor of C. affinis in their migration through the graphical contours in GIS. The analytic model in this study contributes to the establishment of the time–space trend diagram.