Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case study analysing the dropout rate of children who are heads of households at Mandela Village in Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng Province

The study was about assessing the dropout rate of children who are heads of households at Mandela Village in Tshwane Municipality, Gauteng Province. Given the number of orphans who are escalating in each year as a result of HIV/AIDS pandemic especially in the Sub Saharan region, the author’s intention was to analyse what are the causes for these children to drop out from school, and what can be done to minimize the dropout rate of these children. All the participants were the children who are heads of households and residents of Mandela Village, East of Mamelodi Township, and Pretoria. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with thirty-one children who are heads of households, as well as with two educators in schools where these children are attending school or were attending school. This was followed by two focus groups with the same children. The intention of using the focus group was to investigate the issues raised during the interviews and to establish an understanding of how the children who are heads of households want to improve their own circumstances. The study findings observed that there were no strong linkages in assisting children who are heads of households between the Department of Social Development and Department of Education in the North Rand Region, Gauteng. Other findings were that the schools have no support programmes or teachers assigned to assist these children to cope with schoolwork. Due to multiplicity of responsibilities they are faced with, they are not copying with their studies. The findings also identified that the children who are heads of households tend to drop out of school from grade ten onwards. From these children, majority are girls who are older than fourteen years old. The main reason cited by the girls who drop out of school is pregnancy, and for the boys they mentioned inability to cope with their studies because of the added responsibilities that forced them to seek employment and find means to put food on the table. Other findings were that some of these children were also lacking practical skills in home management.
Anthropogenic and Climate Impacts on Groundwater Resources in the Lower Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the major climate variability cycles around the world and is responsible for droughts in the Southeast United States. These ENSOinduced droughts have been responsible for agricultural losses, water disputes and promotion of water restrictions in the Southeast. In the ApalachicolaChattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin, in addition to drought, rapid population growth, urban sprawl, and increased agricultural production are threatening the availability of freshwater resources and causing endangered species concerns. As a result, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida have been fighting over the allocation of ACF River Basin water for the past two decades. The water conflict heats up every time there is drought in the basin. This research was conducted to study the effects of ENSOinduced droughts and irrigation pumpage on groundwater levels and groundwater budget components of the Upper Floridan Aquifer (UFA) in the lower ACF River Basin. Results indicate that ENSO exhibits teleconnection with groundwater levels in the UFA. The teleconnection was more prominent during the winter season. The study also found that prolonged droughts severely affect groundwater levels and the groundwater recovery periods can be as much as 2 years. The groundwater model, MODular Finite-Element Model (MODFE), was used to study the effect of irrigation water withdrawal during droughts years of 2010 – 2012. The results showed that groundwater levels and stream-aquifer flux are affected by irrigation water withdrawal. Most of the irrigation water pumped is contributed by loss in aquifer storage and losses in stream-aquifer flux. The results also showed that irrigation during the year 2012
Synthesis , in-vitro , in-vivo evaluation and molecular docking of 2-( 3-( 2-( 1 , 3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl ) acetamido )-4-oxo-2-substituted thiazolidin-5-yl ) acetic acid derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, P.B. No. 33, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India. Department of Pharmacology, Y.B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Bagh, P.B. No. 33, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India. Department of Pharmacology, Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad-431001, Maharashtra, India.
A Serious Gaming Approach For Serious Stakeholder Participation

Serious games are a category of games which are designed for a specific purpose other than for pure entertainment. Serious games are not a new concept but advances in knowledge and technology open up a new paradigm for active stakeholder participation. DHI and UNEP-DHI Centre initiated a serious game project called Aqua Republica, where a virtual world allows participants to develop a river basin and visualize the consequences of their decisions. Aqua Republica combines a game layer with a water allocation model, MIKE HYDRO Basin, to create an interactive, virtual but realistic environment where players play the role of manager of an undeveloped river catchment. The aim of the game is to raise awareness of the interconnectivity of water and educate on integrated water resources management. This led to the development of MOSA Aqua Republica, a tailored version of the game to the Middle Olifants river basin in South Africa. During a series of workshops/ during a three day workshop the game was presented to a group of local stakeholders, to facilitate capacity building and to collect feedback. During the workshop/s, the benefits as well as the limitations of the game were discussed.
Modeling The Effects Sea Level Rise On Flooding In The Lower Niger River

The Niger River bifurcates into the Nun and Forcados rivers as it flows through the Lower Niger delta; with the Forcados River taking 46% of the discharge and the Nun River taking 54%. Within the last fifteen years the Niger delta coastal zone has experienced peak floods between September and October due to intense rains from upstream. Many studies including the United Nations Framework on Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) reports, indicate that the Niger delta region could be inundated with water due to the effects of climate change. According to local experts, the Niger delta is subsiding at over 25mm/annum; a situation that can exacerbate the effects of flooding and inundation in the area. 1D and 1D/2D hydrodynamic Sobek models of flooding in the Niger River were set up with discharge data as upstream boundary conditions and tidal water level data as downstream boundary conditions. The models were run for the years 1998, 2005, 2006, and 2007. The data for 1998, 2006 and 2007 were flooding data while 2005 data was normal flow data. The boundary conditions were varied downstream at the mouths of rivers Forcados and Nun using sea level rise (SLR) values adopted from Rhamstorf predicted values. The simulations were projected for the years 2030 and 2050. Five scenarios were set up to check for increase in flooding extent, extension of flooding time and change in water depth. The results showed that SLR will not increase the lateral extent of flooded areas from both Nun and Forcados rivers, but will cause more areas to be flooded upstream. There will also be increase in water depth in areas downstream of the Forcados River which will be further increased by land subsidence.
ANALISIS INTENSITAS CURAH HUJAN WILAYAH BANDUNG PADA AWAL 2010

Pada awal 2010 di wilayah Bandung telah terjadi hujan dengan intensitas yang sangat tinggi serta berlangsung dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Kondisi ini telah mengakibatkan kerugian materil dan immateril akibat terjadinya beberapa bencana seperti banjir, tanah longsor, serta meluapnya bendungan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis intensitas curah hujan diketahui bahwa jumlah curah hujan yang terjadi pada bulan Januari, Pebruari dan Maret 2010, seluruhnya berada di atas normal demikian pula dengan jumlah hari hujannya. Tingginya intensitas curah hujan yang terjadi selama 3 bulan berturut-turut dengan kondisi di atas normal jarang sekali terjadi di wilayah Bandung. Berdasarkan catatan yang dimiliki oleh BMKG Stasiun Geofisika Bandung hal serupa pernah terjadi pada tahun 1952 dan 1966, namun demikian intensitas curah hujan bulanan yang terjadi pada awal 2010 tersebut yang terjadi selama 3 bulan berturut-turut merupakan yang tertinggi dari yang sebelumnya pernah terjadi. In Early 2010 occurred rainfall with very high intensity and long duration in Bandung and its surrounding. This condition has caused material and immaterial losses caused by floods, landslides and overflow of dam. Based on analysis, it is known that the rainfall intensity in January, February, and March 2010, was above normal as well as the total rainfall days. These conditions are very rare in Bandung. Based on BMKG's record, conditions such that occurred in 1952 and 1966, however the rainfall intensity in the early 2010 was the highest.
Anthropogenic change in savannas and associated forest biomes

Savannas are multi-layered tree–grass–forb systems which exhibit a high level of diversity in vegetation structure and arrangement, and complex ecosystem functions dependent upon highly seasonal climates subject to significant variability in precipitation. They can also be considered as an ecotone between forest and grassland biomes maintained by the interplay of climate, fire and herbivory (Staver, Archibald, & Levin, 2011). The interactions of precipitation, herbivory, fire and frost (Scholes & Archer, 1997) can cause savannas to cross thresholds to alternate stable states that may be less productive and difficult to reverse. The processes involved are often not well understood or too difficult to account for, and thus are often treated as stochastic in simulations. Human–environment interactions operating at various spatio-temporal scales create rapid and often unforeseen changes. Degradation is typified by changes in biomass resulting in loss of nutrients (soil erosion) or plant available moisture (water being the limiting factor) (Geist & Lambin, 2004). Savannas have received considerable attention from researchers on their ecology and physiology, their overall dynamics particularly measured with remote sensing, and their evolution and stability in relation to fire. During the twentieth century, many of the world’s biome-scale tropical savannas have been modified by extensive livestock production, or converted to exotic pasture systems and/or intensive cropping for food and biofuel production (e.g., Beuchle et al., 2015; McAlpine, Etter, Fearnside, Seabrook, & Laurance, 2009). With changes to fire regimes and land clearing, ecotonal savanna ecosystems such as oak (Quercus spp.) savannas in North America have become rare (Nowacki & Abrams, 2008), while grazing–fire–climate interactions have seen the emergence of new types of savannas such as the mesquite-lovegrass (Prosopis spp.Eragrotis lehmanniana) associations in the US southwest (Van Auken, 2000). These pressures have coincided with rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, and associated increasing climate variability, combined with feedbacks from land use change (Salazar, Baldi, Hirota, Syktus, & McAlpine, 2015) and widespread changes to the natural climate–fire–herbivory relationships that could enhance woody encroachment (Buitenwerf, Bond, Stevens, & Trollope, 2012; Gillson, 2015). In the twenty-first century, further major conversions of tropical savannas are projected (Laurance, Sayer, & Cassman, 2014) along with further spread and impact of invasive species associated with the globalization of organisms (e.g., Ens, Hutley, Rossiter-Rachor, Douglas, & Setterfield, 2015; Strum, Stirling, & Mutunga, 2015), climate change and changing climate variability (Jantz et al., 2015; Lohmann, Tietjen, Blaum, Joubert, & Jeltsch, 2012), and continued corporate and
Health-related Misinformation Harm during the COVID- 19 Pandemic: An Investigation of Non-comparative and Comparative Harm Perceptions

Misinformation about the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis has been widespread on social media and caused various types of harms in society. While some researchers have investigated the way in which people perceive misinformation harm in crises, little research has systematically examined harms from health-related misinformation. In order to address this gap, we focus on non-comparative and comparative harm perceptions of the affected community in the COVID-19 pandemic context. We examine non-comparative harms (which component harms and contextual harms reflect) and comparative harms (which counter-contextual harms reflect) in order to understand harm perceptions. We also investigate how harm perception varies based on COVID-19 victimization experience. We used a professional survey company named Cint to collect data using a scenario-based survey with 343 participants. We extract various findings such as how contextual features shape perceived harms and reveal the scenarios in which COVID-19 victims perceive higher contextual harms but lower counter-contextual harms. We also examine how corrective actions of social media shape harm perceptions.
Global Production Sharing: Exploring Australia's Competitive Edge

Global production sharing — cross-border dispersion of production processes within vertically integrated global industries — has been an increasingly important structural feature of economic globalization in the recent decades. This paper examines patterns and determinants of global production sharing with an emphasis on how Australian manufacturing fits into global production networks (GPNs). Though Australia is a minor player in GPNs, there is evidence that Australian manufacturing has a distinct competitive edge in specialized, skill-intensive tasks in several industries such as aircrafts, medical devices, machine tools, measuring and scientific equipment, and photographic equipment. Specialization in high-value-to-weight components and final goods within GPNs, which are suitable for air transport, helps Australian manufacturing to overcome the 'tyranny of distance' in world trade. Being predominantly 'relationship-specific', Australian GPN exports are not significantly susceptible to real exchange rate appreciation.
Geochemical characteristics and tectonic settings of Carboniferous volcanic rocks from Yili region, western Tianshan.

Carboniferous volcanic rocks are widespread at Yili region.Geochemical data of volcanic rocks from Axi,Gongnaisi and Qiaxi of Yili region suggests that they belong to calc-alkalic series,and consist of basalt,basaltic andesite,basaltic trachy-andesite, trachy-andesite and trachyte,which is the continued rock series from basic-intermediate-acid volcanic rocks.They are enriched in LREE relative to HREE,rich in Rb,Ba,Th,U,K and have a low concentrations of Nb,Ta,Ti.It suggests that they have a blood relation with volcanic-arc rocks and may be created by the sudbuction of the Junggar Ocean toward south beneath the Yili plate.The volcanic rocks from the south margin of the Yili plate could also be related to the subduction of the South Tianshan Ocean towards north beneath the Yili-Central Tianshan plate.
Periprocedural Heparin Bridging in Patients Receiving Vitamin K Antagonists: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Bleeding and Thromboembolic Rates

Background— Periprocedural bridging with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin aims to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events in patients receiving long-term vitamin K antagonists. Optimal periprocedural anticoagulation has not been established. Methods and Results— MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases (2001–2010) were searched for English-language studies including patients receiving heparin bridging during interruption of vitamin K antagonists for elective procedures. Data were independently collected by 2 investigators (&kgr;=0.90). The final review included 34 studies with 1 randomized trial. Thromboembolic events occurred in 73 of 7118 bridged patients (pooled incidence, 0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.0.0–3.4) and 32 of 5160 nonbridged patients (pooled incidence, 0.6%; 95% CI, 0.0–1.2). There was no difference in the risk of thromboembolic events in 8 studies comparing bridged and nonbridged groups (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.42–1.54). Bridging was associated with an increased risk of overall bleeding in 13 studies (odds ratio, 5.40; 95% CI, 3.00–9.74) and major bleeding in 5 studies (odds ratio, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.52–8.50) comparing bridged and nonbridged patients. There was no difference in thromboembolic events (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.04–2.09) but an increased risk of overall bleeding (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.27–4.08) with full versus prophylactic/intermediate-dose low-molecular-weight heparin bridging. Low-thromboembolic-risk and/or non–vitamin K antagonist patient groups were used for comparison. Study quality was poor with heterogeneity for some analyses. Conclusions— Vitamin K antagonist–treated patients receiving periprocedural heparin bridging appear to be at increased risk of overall and major bleeding and at similar risk of thromboembolic events compared to nonbridged patients. Randomized trials are needed to define the role of periprocedural heparin bridging.
ANGULAR DIAMETERS OF THE HYADES GIANTS MEASURED WITH THE CHARA ARRAY

We present angular diameters of the Hyades giants, γ, δ1, ϵ, and θ1 Tau from interferometric measurements with the CHARA Array. Our errors in the limb-darkened angular diameters for these stars are all less than 2%, and in combination with additional observable quantities, we determine the effective temperatures, linear radii, and absolute luminosities for each of these stars. Additionally, stellar masses are inferred from model isochrones to determine the surface gravities. These data show that a new calibration of effective temperatures with errors well under 100 K is now possible from interferometric angular diameters of stars.
Wild Chimpanzees Infected with 5 Plasmodium Species

Data are missing on the diversity of Plasmodium spp. infecting apes that live in their natural habitat, with limited possibility of human-mosquito-ape exchange. We surveyed Plasmodium spp. diversity in wild chimpanzees living in an undisturbed tropical rainforest habitat and found 5 species: P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. reichenowi, and P. gaboni.
Response to Comment on Schwartz et al. The Time Is Right for a New Classification System for Diabetes: Rationale and Implications of the β-Cell–Centric Classification Schema. Diabetes Care 2016;39:179–186

We thank Drs. Kalra and and Baruah for their comments (1) on our article (2) in an effort improve the utility of our proposed β-cell–centric classification. We agree that “treatment” is more important than “classification. ” We find it frustrating that governments and insurers often think otherwise, limiting therapies of choice on the basis of labels of diabetes mellitus (DM) that are not optimally useful. Thus a “precision medicine” classification system that identifies specific causes of hyperglycemia and their corresponding therapies augurs for payment coverage parity across the range of glucose-lowering medications for patients with any form of DM. Although the insulin-to-glucagon ratio (IGR) construct is interesting and could serve as a “marker” to help choose between various therapies in our approach, our …
Joint focal mechanism determination with source-region station corrections using short-period body-wave amplitude data

Abstract We have developed a method that simultaneously determines focal mechanism solutions of many small earthquakes and source-region station corrections for short-period body-wave amplitudes by inverting amplitude data of P, SH , and SV waves, together with P -wave polarity data. The observed seismic waveform includes the effects of site amplification and attenuation along its ray path in addition to the radiation pattern of earthquake source. The amplitude of seismograms at frequencies higher than a few Hertz is extremely sensitive to heterogeneous structure near the ground surface. Consequently, we need to know in detail the effects of site amplification and attenuation in order to estimate focal mechanisms by using short-period waveforms. However, at present, we do not know the detailed crustal structure with a resolution necessary for this estimation. In the present study, we assume that P - and S -wave attenuation factors along ray paths from hypocenters to each station can be expressed as a function of hypocentral distance, backazimuth, and incident angle. Based on this assumption, we determined focal mechanism solutions of many earthquakes and the coefficients in the function for each station simultaneously, by using P -, SH -, and SV -wave amplitudes and P -wave polarities. We applied the present method to 170 aftershocks of the 1996 Onikobe earthquake ( M 5.9), which occurred in the central part of northeastern Japan. We obtained focal mechanism solutions of many microearthquakes whose mechanism solutions could not be determined by using P -wave polarity data alone. P axes of almost all the obtained focal mechanism solutions are horizontal and oriented in the east-west direction. T axes are, on average, near vertical at the shallowest depth. As the depth approaches 5 km, the T axes become horizontal and then gradually become near vertical again.
Analyzing the leverage effect in stock indexes with autoregressive generalized variance models

In developing and developed economies understanding the movement of stock market is extremely important to understand the riskiness of the investment, general behavior of the economy and taking the right position against the forthcoming financial events. In this study, the volatility of Turkish, Brazilian, German, London and New York Stock Indices are analyzed with ARCH type of modeling and the leverage effect is researched for the period between 04.01. 2011 to 26.05. 2015. There are two interesting results of this study. Firstly; it was seen that in all of those stock markets there is a leverage effect which means the negative movement in volatility is stronger than the positive one. Secondly the general structure of the ARCH type of modeling which explains the leverage effect shows similarity between those developed and developing markets. Keywords: GARCH, TGARCH, leverage, stock exchange.
ACCOMMODATION CAPACITIES IN MACEDONIA AS A FACTOR FOR COMPETITIVE TOURISM SUPPLY

Creating an adequate tourism supply which will meet the demand is a challenge for every country that seeks a planned tourism development. Tourism infrastructure is an essential part of the tourism supply and must be projected on a thorough analysis of the tourism demand. This paper argues the necessity of initiating measures and activities for enhancing tourism competitiveness in Macedonia. The recommendations stemmed from detailed calculations as a base for analyzing accommodation capacities, measured by the number of hotel beds and hotel rooms in Macedonia for the period 1990-2010. In that respect, their optimal number is estimated by employing the standard formulas. The results pointed to a significant over dimension of current hotel accommodation supply in Macedonia.