Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1048 Interplay of IL-12 and IFNg to induce Tregfragility within the tumor microenvironment

Background Immune cells play an integral role in the preven-tion as well as the progression of cancers. Within the T cell compartment, regulatory T cells (T regs ) suppress the anti-tumor T cell response through use of direct and indirect mechanisms. 1,2 However, under some circumstances T regs can lose their suppressive activity while retaining expression of their master transcription factor, Foxp3, a phenomenon our lab has termed T reg fragility. 3 A hallmark of T reg fragility is production of IFNg, a pleiotropic cytokine necessary for response to cancer immunotherapies such as anti-PD1. 4 However, it is unknown the exact mechanism that leads to T reg fragility as well as the consequences of T reg -produced IFNg. By using a novel transgenic mouse with a conditional deletion of IL-12Rb2 ( Il12rb2.Thy1.1 L/LhNGFR Foxp3 Cre.YFP ) in T regs we were able to test the effect of IL-12 signaling on T reg function and response to different immunotherapies during tumor progression. Methods We inoculated wildtype mice with MC-38 adenocar-cinoma or B16 melanoma and determined the amount of IL-12 and IFNg induced by different immunotherapies. We also inoculated mice with a T reg -specific IL12R deletion with MC-38 or B16 and characterized the effect of IL-12R loss on T reg function after immunotherapy treatment by measuring tumor growth and flow cytometric analyses of intratumoral T regs . IFNg IL-12 within the Background Regulatory T cells (T reg ) -targeted therapy exhibit clinical benefit and has been reported as a promising strategy. gaps remain in our understanding of T reg biology within the context of tumor microenvironment (TME). The autoimmune toxicity and restricted efficacy are major lim-itations of T reg therapies in the clinic, when T reg depletion occurred not only in the tumor but in other organ systems, or concurrent downregulation of antitumor effector T cells. Methods We profiled 51,195 single-cell transcriptomes of CD4 + T cells in tumors and peripheral blood from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) 3 , in inflamed tonsil tissues and in healthy peripheral blood. Canon-ical genes, gene sets and RNA Velocity 4 were used to define cell states of T reg . Cibersortx 5 and bulk RNA sequencing data in The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to infer the associa-tion between the enrichment of T reg subpopulations and pro-gression-free survival of patients with solid tumors. SCENIC 6 and Causal mixed graphical modeling 7 were used to recon-struct the gene regulatory network (GRN). Knockout of BATF with CRISPR-Cas9 8 in conjunction with bulk RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping and in vitro functional assays were used to interrogate the roles of BATF in human activated T reg . Results We identified an activated subpopulation of T reg expressing multiple tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) genes, including OX40 and 4-1BB , which is highly enriched in solid TME compared with non-tumor tissues. These TNFR-activated T
Multipole Traps as Tools in Environmental Studies

Trapping of microparticles, nanoparticles and aerosols is an issue of major interest for physics and chemistry. We present a setup intended for microparticle trapping in multipole linear Paul trap geometries, operating under Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP) conditions. A 16-electrode linear trap geometry has been designed and tested, with an aim to confine a larger number of particles with respect to quadrupole traps and thus enhance the signal to noise ratio, as well as to study microparticle dynamical stability in electrodynamic fields. Experimental tests and numerical simulations suggest that multipole traps are very suited for high precision mass spectrometry measurements in case of different microparticle species or to identify the presence of certain aerosols and polluting agents in the atmosphere. Particle traps represent versatile tools for environment monitoring or for the study of many-body Coulomb systems and dusty plasmas.
Probing Slow Relaxation and Many-Body Localization in Two-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Systems

In a many-body localized (MBL) quantum system, the ergodic hypothesis breaks down, giving rise to a fundamentally new many-body phase. Whether and under which conditions MBL can occur in higher dimensions remains an outstanding challenge both for experiments and theory. Here, we experimentally explore the relaxation dynamics of an interacting gas of fermionic potassium atoms loaded in a two-dimensional optical lattice with different quasiperiodic potentials along the two directions. We observe a dramatic slowing down of the relaxation for intermediate disorder strengths. Furthermore, beyond a critical disorder strength, we see negligible relaxation on experimentally accessible time scales, indicating a possible transition into a two-dimensional MBL phase. Our experiments reveal a distinct interplay of interactions, disorder, and dimensionality and provide insights into regimes where controlled theoretical approaches are scarce.
AN HOLISTIC AND INTERGRATED APPROACH FOR INVESTIGATING THE BACTERIAL MICROBIOME, GENE EXPRESSION PROFILE AND IMMUNE CELL PROFILE IN THE NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CANCER TUMOUR MICROENVIRONMENT

Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10 th most common cancer world-wide with an estimated 570,000+ people being diagnosed in 2020. 1 It has been shown that communities of bacteria (bacterial microbiome) exist in both normal and cancerous tissues and can impact treatment efficacy (e.g. metabo-lising chemotherapeutics). 2 3 We investigated the microbiome in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue across different stages of BC compared to adjacent normal tissue to investigate differentially expressed (DE) bacteria. We also investigated DE bacteria between Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) treatment responders vs non responders. These findings were then correlated to differential host immune gene expression and infiltrating immune cell profiles and spatial relationships within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Methods within sequencing Sequencing data were processed through QIIME2 and clustered into opera-tional taxonomic units (OTUs). Alpha (Shannon and observed) and Beta (Bray-Curtis, weighted and unweighted uniFrac) diversity analysis performed, with non-parametric statistics for determining generated gene expression using Nanostring IO360 panel gene CodeSet) correlated to tumour microbiome profiles using 9 colour multiplex immunohistochemistry using HT (Akoya
A diffusionless transformation path relating Th₃P₄ and spinel structure opportunities to synthesize ceramic materials at high pressures

This thesis investigates a transformation path between the Th3P4-type and the spinel-type structures of hafnium (IV) and titanium (IV) nitride, M3N4 (M = Hf, Ti) with computational methods. For both compounds, the Th3P4-type was synthesized experimentally at high-pressure conditions and was quenched to ambient conditions. Computations reveal that while at high pressure Th3P4-type structures are favored by enthalpy, at low pressure the Th3P4-type is only meta-stable. The spinel-type is energetically more favorable at zero pressure than the Th3P4- type in both systems. However, even the spinel-type is surpassed by another ground state modification for both Hf3N4 and Ti3N4. The research presented in this thesis then addresses (i) thermal stability of the Th3P4 polymorphs and (ii) the conditions necessary to synthesize spinel-type structures of both compounds. The foundation for the study is a simple structural relation between Th3P4-type and the spinel-type structures: while the Th3P4-type is based on a body-centered cubic arrangement of anions with cations in interstitial sites, the spinel-type is best described by a face-centered cubic arrangement of anions with cations in interstitial sites. With anions following the Bain path of the bcc-fcc transformation, and cations undergoing a minor shuffle distortion, the Th3P4 to spinel transformation parallels the martensitic transformation known in many metal systems -- only with additional cations in the structure.
The search for radio emission from exoplanets using LOFAR beam-formed observations: Jupiter as an exoplanet

Context. The magnetized solar system planets are strong radio emitters and theoretical studies suggest that the radio emission from nearby exoplanets in close-in orbits could reach intensity levels 103–107 times higher than Jupiter’s decametric emission. Detection of exoplanets in the radio domain would open up a brand new field of research, however, currently there are no confirmed detections at radio frequencies. Aims. We investigate the radio emission from Jupiter, scaled such that it mimics emission coming from an exoplanet, with low-frequency beam-formed observations using LOFAR. The goals are to define a set of observables that can be used as a guideline in the search for exoplanetary radio emission and to measure effectively the sensitivity limit for LOFAR beam-formed observations. Methods. We observe “Jupiter as an exoplanet” by dividing a LOFAR observation of Jupiter by a down-scaling factor and adding this observation to beam-formed data of the “sky background”. Then we run this artificial dataset through our total intensity (Stokes-I) and circular polarization (Stokes-V) processing and post-processing pipelines and determine up to which down-scaling factor Jupiter is still detected in the dataset. Results. We find that exoplanetary radio bursts can be detected at 5 pc if the circularly polarized flux is 105 times stronger than the typical level of Jupiter’s radio bursts during active emission events (~4 × 105 Jy). Equivalently, circularly polarized radio bursts can be detected up to a distance of 20 pc (encompassing the known exoplanets 55 Cnc, Tau Boötis, and Upsilon Andromedae) assuming the level of emission is 105 times stronger than the peak flux of Jupiter’s decametric burst emission (~6 × 106 Jy).
UTILIZACIÓN DE HERRAMIENTAS TECNOLÓGICAS DE DINAMIZACIÓN DOCENTE EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR DE ASIGNATURAS DE GEOGRAFÍA

Este estudo apresenta a percepção dos alunos do Educação Superior sobre o efeito do uso da ferramenta tecnológica Wooclap em sua experiência de aprendizagem, após o retorno à sala de aula após as restrições impostas pela pandemia COVID-19. Neste estudo, 74 alunos das disciplinas de Geografia do Ensino Fundamental e de Turismo da Universidade de Sevilha completaram uma pesquisa on-line - utilizando a plataforma de pesquisa SurveyMonkey - sobre sua percepção do uso da ferramenta Wooclap na sala de aula. A maioria dos alunos sentiu que o Wooclap era uma ferramenta dinâmica e fácil de usar, que os tinha ajudado a se concentrar melhor, que seu uso tinha facilitado o processo de aprendizagem e que lhes tinha permitido interagir mais com o professor. Estes resultados demonstram como o uso da ferramenta de tecnologia Wooclap pode facilitar o processo de aprendizagem, bem como a comunicação entre alunos e professores. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudantes prefere ser avaliada através da combinação da avaliação clássica com ferramentas tecnológicas (e não apenas através da combinação da avaliação clássica com ferramentas tecnológicas). Os resultados do presente estudo corroboram os benefícios de promover o uso da ferramenta Wooclap no ensino do terceiro ciclo.
Carbon and oxygen abundance gradients in NGC 300 and M33 from optical recombination lines

We present deep spectrophotometry of several Hii regions in the nearby low-mass spiral galaxies NGC 300 and M33. The data have been taken with UVES and OSIRIS spectrographs attached to the 8m VLT and 10.4m GTC telescopes, respectively. We have derived precise values of the physical conditions for each object making use of several emission line-intensity ratios. In particular, we have obtained direct determinations of the electron temperature in all the observed objects. We detect pure recombination lines (RLs) of Cii and Oii in several of the Hii regions, permitting to derive their C/H and C/O ratios. We have derived the radial abundance gradient of O for each galaxy making use of collisionally excited lines (CELs) and RLs, as well as the C and N gradients using RLs and CELs, respectively. We obtain the first determination of the C/H gradient of NGC 300 and improve its determination in the case of M33. In both galaxies, the C/H gradients are steeper that those of O/H, leading to negative C/O gradients. Comparing with similar results for other spiral galaxies, we find a strong correlation between the slope of the C/H gradient and MV. We find that some Hii regions located close to the isophotal radius (R25) of NGC 300 and M33 show C/O ratios more similar to those typical of dwarf galaxies than those of Hii regions in the discs of more massive spirals. This may be related to the absence of flattening of the gradients in the external parts of NGC 300 and M33. Finally, we find very similar N/H gradients in both galaxies and a fair correlation between the slope of the N/H gradient and MV comparing with similar data for a sample of spiral galaxies.
A four dimensional map for escape from resonance: negative energy modes and nonlinear instability

Positive definiteness of a Hamiltonian expanded about an equilibrium point provides only a necessary condition for stability, a criterion known as Dirichlet's theorem. The reason that this criterion is not necessary for stability is because of the possible existence of negative energy modes, which are linearly stable modes of oscillation that have negative energy. When such modes are present, the Hamiltonian is, in general, indefinite. Although such systems with negative energy modes are linearly stable (spectral stable), they are unstable to infinitesimal perturbations under the nonlinear dynamics. In the present work we study this kind of nonlinear instability with the simplest nontrivial four dimensional area-preserving map, which has a cubic degree of freedom, that was designed to mimic the behavior of a Hamiltonian system with one positive and one negative energy mode, and a quadratic degree of freedom, that allows eventual escapes in phase space, usually called as Arnold diffusion.
Electronic correlations in multiorbital systems and iron superconductors: Hund vs Mott

We analyze the electronic correlations in multiorbital systems as a function of intraorbital interaction U, Hund's coupling JH and electronic filling n and clarify the relationship between Hund's coupling and Mott physics. We show that correlations are strongly dependent on filling, but not only via the average orbital occupancy. As in half-filled Mott systems the small Z values originate in the supression of electronic configurations which reduce the atomic magnetic moment, specially the double occupancy of a given orbital, what results in spin fluctuations almost saturated in the Hund metal and connects the suppression of the quasiparticle weight Z at moderate interactions to the Mott insulating state at half-filling. However, contrary to what happens in Mott correlated states the reduction of Z with JH can happen on spite of increasing charge fluctuations. We also discuss the different behavior found at large U and JH which includes the increase of Z with JH.
Spitzer Observations of NGC 1333: A Study of Structure and Evolution in a Nearby Embedded Cluster

We present a comprehensive analysis of structure in the young, embedded cluster, NGC 1333 using members identified with Spitzer and 2MASS photometry based on their IR-excess emission. A total of 137 members are identified in this way, composed of 39 protostars and 98 more evolved pre-main-sequence stars with disks. Of the latter class, four are transition/debris disk candidates. The fraction of exposed pre-main-sequence stars with disks is 83% ± 11% , showing that there is a measurable diskless pre-main-sequence population. The sources in each of the Class I and II evolutionary states are shown to have very different spatial distributions relative to the distribution of the dense gas in their natal cloud. However, the distribution of nearest neighbor spacings among these two groups of sources are found to be quite similar, with a strong peak at spacings of 0.045 pc. Radial and azimuthal density profiles and surface density maps computed from the identified YSOs show that NGC 1333 is elongated and not strongly centrally concentrated, confirming previous claims in the literature. We interpret these new results as signs of a low velocity dispersion, extremely young cluster that is not in virial equilibrium.
Event-Triggered Control Under Unknown Input and Unknown Measurement Delays Using Interval Observers

We provide a new input-to-state stabilizing event-triggered feedback design for linear systems with unknown input delays, unknown measurement delays, and unknown additive disturbances. Our trigger times are computed using only the matrices defining the system and time-lagged sampled state values. We use the theory of positive systems, interval observers, and a vector version of Halanay’s inequality. We illustrate our method using a marine robotic model.
On the shoulders of giants: from Lange (1934) to Samuelson (1938) on the “unique” measure of utility

Abstract This contribution discusses Samuelson’s reply to Lange’s paper (1934) on the unique measure of utility. It proposes an interpretation of the debate drawing on the theory of scales later introduced by Stevens in 1946. This shows that, contrary to an intuitive perception, their divergence on the possibility of a cardinal measure of utility was rooted less in mathematical than in cognitive arguments related to the way transitions between allocations are considered. Consequently, although Samuelson succeeded in giving appropriate conditions for cardinality, he based his own mistrust towards its plausibility on arguments later used in the framework of reference-dependent approaches.
Late-time observations of the extraordinary Type II supernova iPTF14hls

Aims. We study iPTF14hls, a luminous and extraordinary long-lived Type II supernova, which lately has attracted much attention and disparate interpretation. Methods. We have presented new optical photometry that extends the light curves up to more than three years past discovery. We also obtained optical spectroscopy over this period, and furthermore present additional space-based observations using Swift and HST. Results. After an almost constant luminosity for hundreds of days, the later light curve of iPTF14hls finally fades and then displays a dramatic drop after about 1000 d, but the supernova is still visible at the latest epochs presented. The spectra have finally turned nebular, and our very last optical spectrum likely displays signatures from the deep and dense interior of the explosion. A high-resolution HST image highlights the complex environment of the explosion in this low-luminosity galaxy. Conclusions. We provide a large number of additional late-time observations of iPTF14hls, which are (and will continue to be) used to assess the many different interpretations for this intriguing object. In particular, the very late (+1000 d) steep decline of the optical light curve is difficult to reconcile with the proposed central engine models. The lack of very strong X-ray emission, and the emergence of intermediate-width emission lines including [S II] that we propose originate from dense, processed material in the core of the supernova ejecta, are also key observational tests for both existing and future models.
Evaluation of the Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Anti-Diabetic Potential of the Essential Oil of Curcuma longa Leaves from the North-Western Himalayas by In Vitro and In Silico Analysis

Essential oils (EOs) have gained immense popularity due to considerable interest in the health, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and the anti-diabetic potential of Curcuma longa leaf (CLO) essential oil. Further, major phytocompounds of CLO were analyzed for their in-silico interactions with antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic proteins. CLO was found to have a strong antifungal activity against the tested Candida species with zone of inhibition (ZOI)-11.5 ± 0.71 mm to 13 ± 1.41 mm and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.63%. CLO also showed antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 5.85 ± 1.61 µg/mL using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and 32.92 ± 0.64 µM using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. CLO also showed anti-diabetic activity with an IC50 of 43.06 ± 1.24 µg/mL as compared to metformin (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50-16.503 ± 0.66 µg/mL). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of CLO showed the presence of (-)-zingiberene (17.84%); 3,7-cyclodecadien-1-one, 3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene)-(15.31%); cyclohexene, 4-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene) (12.47%); and (+)-4-Carene (11.89%) as major phytocompounds. Molecular docking of these compounds with antifungal proteins (cytochrome P450 14 alpha-sterol demethylase, PDB ID: 1EA1, and N-myristoyl transferase, PDB ID: 1IYL), antioxidant (human peroxiredoxin 5, PDB ID: 1HD2), and anti-diabetic proteins (human pancreatic alpha-amylase, PDB ID: 1HNY) showed strong binding of 3,7-cyclodecadien-1-one with all the selected protein targets. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for a 100 ns time scale revealed that most of the key contacts of target proteins were retained throughout the simulation trajectories. Binding free energy calculations using molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM/GBSA), and drug-likeness and toxicity analysis also proved the potential for 3,7-cyclodecadien-1-one, 3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene) to replace toxic synthetic drugs and act as natural antioxidants.
Halo-independent direct detection of momentum-dependent dark matter

We show that the momentum dependence of dark matter interactions with nuclei can be probed in direct detection experiments without knowledge of the dark matter velocity distribution. This is one of the few properties of DM microphysics that can be determined with direct detection alone, given a signal of dark matter in multiple direct detection experiments with different targets. Long-range interactions arising from the exchange of a light mediator are one example of momentum-dependent DM. For data produced from the exchange of a massless mediator we find for example that the mediator mass can be constrained to be ≲ 10 MeV for DM in the 20-1000 GeV range in a halo-independent manner.
Reconsidering Tourism Destination Images by Exploring Similarities between Travelogue Texts and Photographs

With the rise of user-generated content (UGC) and deep learning technology, more and more researchers construct and measure the tourism destination image (TDI) through online travelogues. However, due to the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control, the number of online travelogues has decreased significantly and, therefore, the scientific validity of the TDI based only on text or photos has been questioned. This research fills a gap by comparing the differences between visual and semantic images in terms of the overall image perception and image formation through natural language processing technology and image caption technology in obtaining TDIs, taking Tiantai County in Zhejiang Province of China as a case. Our results show that the texts and photographs shared major similarities in the overall TDI, but from the perspective of interest, they reflect differently. Therefore, when considering the data source selection for TDI research with a small number of travelogues, texts should be the main content, supplemented by photographs.