Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Routine Vaccination Coverage and Related Factors Among Children Aged 12-23 Months In one Rural Area of Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan

Asilamanin dunyada en maliyet etkin saglik mudahalelerinden biri oldugu gosterilmistir asilama yoluyla bir grup cocukluk cagi hastaligi basariyla eradike veya onlenebilmis edilmistir. Bu arastirmada Afganistan’in, Kama Ilcesi’ bir kirsal alanda yasayan 12-23 ay arasi cocuklarin asilanma durumunun, iliskili faktorlerin ve asilanmama nedenlerinin incelenmesi amaclanmistir. Calisma kesitsel tipte bir arastirmadir. Arastirma verileri yapilandirilmis ve on testi yapilmis bir anket formu araciligi ile toplanmistir. 882 katilimcidan yazi ile toplanan veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 21 Programi kullanilarak analiz edilmistir. Bulgular tek ve iki boyutlu tablolar ile sunulmustur. Iliskilerin degerlendirilmesinde Ki Kare testi (α=0,05), bagimli ve bagimsiz degiskenler arasindaki iliskinin gucunu degerlendirmek icin lojistik regresyon analizi kullanilmistir. Cocuklarin asilari tek tek degerlendirildiginde asi kapsayiciligi, asi karti ek olarak annenin sozlu ifadesinden hesaplanan, sadece asi kartina gore hesaplanandan daha yuksek bulunmustur ve en yuksek yuzdenin, OPV1 (%92,3; %59,3), sonra BCG (% 90,8; %59,2), Penta1 (%90,0; %59,3), OPV2 (%87,9; %57,4), Penta2 (%85,6; %57,1), OPV3 (%77,2; %52,7), Penta3 (%73,1; %51,8), ve en dusuk kizamik asisinda (%70,9; %49,8) oldugu belirlenmistir. Asi birakma hizi (drop-out rate) kabul edilebilir seviyeden daha yuksektir. Toplam 882 cocukta, asi karti ek olarak anne %23,0 eksik asili (sadece asi karti %10,5; sadece annenin ifadesi %12,5) ve %7,3 (annenin ifadesi ile) asisizdir. Ebeveyn egitimi, hane halki sayisinin az olmasi, , annelerin ana sagligi hizmetlerinden yararlanma ve annenin asilar ve asilama ile ilgili bilgi olmasi, cocuklarin tam asili olma durum ile iliskili faktorler olarak saptanmistir. Cocuklain asilanmamasi ile ilgili sik belirtilen sebeplerden aileve sorunlari (%25,6) asilar ile ilgili soylentiler (%16,9), ve yan etkilerinden korku (%16,6) dur.
Integrated metabolome and microbiome analysis reveals the effect of rumen-protected sulfur-containing amino acids on the meat quality of Tibetan sheep meat

Introduction This study investigated the effects of rumen-protected sulfur-containing amino acids (RPSAA) on the rumen and jejunal microbiota as well as on the metabolites and meat quality of the longissimus lumborum (LL) in Tibetan sheep. Methods By combining 16S rDNA sequencing with UHPLC-Q-TOF MS and Pearson correlation analysis, the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota, muscle metabolites and meat quality was identified. Results The results showed that feeding RPSAA can increase the carcass weight, abdominal fat thickness (AP-2 group), and back fat thickness (AP-2 and AP-3 group) of Tibetan sheep. The water holding capacity (WHC), texture, and shear force (SF) of LL in the two groups also increased although the fatty acids content and brightness (L*) value significantly decreased in the AP-2 group. Metabolomics and correlation analysis further showed that RPSAA could significantly influence the metabolites in purine metabolism, thereby affecting L* and SF. In addition, RPSAA was beneficial for the fermentation of the rumen and jejunum. In both groups, the abundance of Prevotella 1, Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group, Prevotella UCG-003, Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group in the rumen as well as the abundance of Eubacterium nodatum group and Mogibacterium group in the jejunum increased. In contrast, that of Turicibacter pathogens in the jejunum was reduced. The above microorganisms could regulate meat quality by regulating the metabolites (inosine, hypoxanthine, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.) in purine and fatty acids metabolism. Discussion Overall, reducing the levels of crude proteins in the diet and feeding RPSAA is likely to improve the carcass quality of Tibetan sheep, with the addition of RPMET (AP-2) yielding the best edible quality, possibly due to its ability to influence the gastrointestinal microbiota to subsequently regulate muscle metabolites.
Table tennis players use superior saccadic eye movements to track moving visual targets

Introduction Table tennis players perform visually guided visuomotor responses countlessly. The exposure of the visual system to frequent and long-term motion stimulation has been known to improve perceptual motion detection and discrimination abilities as a learning effect specific to that stimulus, so may also improve visuo-oculomotor performance. We hypothesized and verified that table tennis players have good spatial accuracy of saccades to moving targets. Methods University table tennis players (TT group) and control participants with no striking-sports experience (Control group) wore a virtual reality headset and performed two ball-tracking tasks to track moving and stationary targets in virtual reality. The ball moved from a predetermined position on the opponent's court toward the participant's court. A total of 54 conditions were examined for the moving targets in combinations of three ball trajectories (familiar parabolic, unfamiliar descent, and unfamiliar horizontal), three courses (left, right, and center), and six speeds. Results and discussion All participants primarily used catch-up saccades to track the moving ball. The TT group had lower mean and inter-trial variability in saccade endpoint error compared to the Control group, showing higher spatial accuracy and precision, respectively. It suggests their improvement of the ability to analyze the direction and speed of the ball's movement and predict its trajectory and future destination. The superiority of the spatial accuracy in the TT group was seen in both the right and the left courses for all trajectories but that of precision was for familiar parabolic only. The trajectory dependence of improved saccade precision in the TT group implies the possibility that the motion vision system is trained by the visual stimuli frequently encountered in table tennis. There was no difference between the two groups in the onset time or spatial accuracy of saccades for stationary targets appearing at various positions on the ping-pong table. Conclusion Table tennis players can obtain high performance (spatial accuracy and precision) of saccades to track moving targets as a result of motion vision ability improved through a vast amount of visual and visuo-ocular experience in their play.
A Closed-form Algorithm to Shadow Segmentation using a Single Image

—The presence of shadow in natural scenes continues to pose a challenge to computer vision algorithms. While there have been many proposed approaches to detect and segment shadow in natural scenes, these methods fail to do so in real-time without requiring a priori information. This paper presents a model that can decompose an image into the product of an illumination component L and a reflectance component R and use the reflectance component to segment the shadow region, all in real-time. This is done by exploiting the fact that light intensity has less effect on the reflectance of an image and by assuming there is a single point light source. Our method is highly effective in detecting shadows in an image with a surface material that exhibits both specular and diffuse reflectance properties.
On the use of SRTM and altimetry data for flood modeling in data‐sparse regions

The growing availability of remotely sensed data has fostered the implementation of hydraulic modeling in poorly gauged regions. However, these applications suffer the lack of knowledge of river bathymetry, which cannot be directly inferred from satellite instruments. This study explores the possibility to set up, calibrate, and validate a hydrodynamic model which geometry is based on global and freely available satellite data. First, the study tests two different procedures for inferring the river bathymetry under the water surface level. Second, focusing on a Po River stretch of ∼140 km (Northern Italy), the study further assesses the suitability of spaceborne topographic and remotely sensed altimetry data (i.e., ERS‐2 and ENVISAT) for implementing and calibrating hydrodynamic models. Referring to 90 m SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) digital elevation model for the representation of the riverbed morphology, the work analyzes the performances of different 1‐D numerical models which cross sections are modified according to two approaches: (1) Channel Bankfull depth (CB) and (2) Slope‐Break (SB) approach. The calibration and validation processes are performed by referring to extended altimetry time series (∼16 years of data), while the accuracy and trustworthiness of 1‐D models are tested with reference to a quasi‐2‐D model based on detailed geometry data. Results show that both CB and SB approaches enhance the performance of SRTM‐based models. In particular, the SB approach is completely based on satelliteborne data and shows Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency, MAE, and RMSE values similar to those obtained with the benchmark model.
Object-based automatic terrain shadow removal from SNPP/VIIRS flood maps

Terrain shadow is a big challenge to land products such as flood extent and snow cover from moderate-resolution optical satellite data. Because terrain shadows share similar spectral features with floodwaters, they can be easily detected as floodwaters by flood detection algorithms based on spectral features in visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared channels, which decreases the accuracy of flood detection substantially. However, because terrain shadows appear in mountainous areas with large surface roughness while floodwaters accumulate in low-lying areas with small surface roughness, analysis on surface roughness between terrain shadows and floodwaters can be very effective to distinguish one from the other. Root-mean-square height, internal height difference, and external height difference are used as principal quantitative surface roughness parameters in this study and calculated upon water objects that are clustered from a group of adjacent water pixels. This object-based method is applied in terrain shadow removal from SNPP/VIIRS (Suomi National Polar Orbit Partnership/Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite) near-real-time flood maps and shows promising results according to the tests with 10,000+ VIIRS granules across global areas. Quantitative evaluation in the northwest of the USA also indicates that more than 99% terrain shadow pixels could be removed from VIIRS flood maps by this method, which significantly improves the accuracy of near-real-time flood detection from SNPP/VIIRS imagery.
Hydrogel Based on Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) for In Vitro Human Auricular Chondrocyte Culture

Three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels provide tissue-like complexities and allow for the spatial orientation of cells, leading to more realistic cellular responses in pathophysiological environments. There is a growing interest in developing multifunctional hydrogels using ternary mixtures for biomedical applications. This study examined the biocompatibility and suitability of human auricular chondrocytes from microtia cultured onto steam-sterilized 3D Chitosan/Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (CS/Gel/PVA) hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Hydrogels were prepared in a polymer ratio (1:1:1) through freezing/thawing and freeze-drying and were sterilized by autoclaving. The macrostructure of the resulting hydrogels was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing a heterogeneous macroporous structure with a pore size between 50 and 500 μm. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the three polymers interacted through hydrogen bonding between the amino and hydroxyl moieties. The profile of amino acids present in the gelatin and the hydrogel was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), suggesting that the majority of amino acids interacted during the formation of the hydrogel. The cytocompatibility, viability, cell growth and formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were evaluated to demonstrate the suitability and functionality of the 3D hydrogels for the culture of auricular chondrocytes. The cytocompatibility of the 3D hydrogels was confirmed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reaching 100% viability after 72 h. Chondrocyte viability showed a high affinity of chondrocytes for the hydrogel after 14 days, using the Live/Dead assay. The chondrocyte attachment onto the 3D hydrogels and the formation of an ECM were observed using SEM. Immunofluorescence confirmed the expression of elastin, aggrecan and type II collagen, three of the main components found in an elastic cartilage extracellular matrix. These results demonstrate the suitability and functionality of a CS/Gel/PVA hydrogel as a 3D support for the auricular chondrocytes culture, suggesting that these hydrogels are a potential biomaterial for cartilage tissue engineering applications, aimed at the regeneration of elastic cartilage.
Post capture activity level recovery times of Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx in Norway

Chemical immobilizations and handlings are commonly performed on numbers of wild animals each year and are the main methods for radio collaring, collecting biological samples and measurements, and obtaining information on the health, reproduction, and age structure of a population. However, these procedures are associated with risks such as behavior changes, injury, or death to our study subjects, and research on capture effects is lacking. The Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx is a commonly captured species for research purposes in Norway, and there are few studies investigating capture effects on this species. Using activity data obtained from accelerometers mounted on GPS collars, I determined the recovery times of 33 Eurasian lynx in Norway from capture and recapture events (n=45) and evaluated influences and differences on the recovery period in regards to capture methods, capture number, age, gender, pursuit time with helicopter captures, and whether or not surgery was performed. Overall, the current capture protocols and methods on Eurasian lynx do not have long lasting effects on the recoveries of the lynx from a capture event. Specifically, Eurasian lynx on average recover from a capture event within 2.0 days post capture. Age of the lynx was found to be the most influential factor on the recovery period. No statistical significance was found between capture methods, capture number, gender, age, or whether or not surgery was performed, although some differences in recovery times existed. Researchers should evaluate capture effects to not only ensure minimal human impact and continued existence of their study animals, but also to objectively refine capture methods as needed.
Impact of consumers' health beliefs, health involvement and risk perception on fish consumption

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of consumers' health beliefs, health involvement, and risk perception on fish consumption behaviour in five European countries.Design/methodology/approach – Cross‐sectional data were collected through a pan‐European consumer survey (n=4,786) with samples representative for age and region in Belgium, The Netherlands, Denmark, Spain and Poland. First, the cross‐cultural validity and cross‐cultural differences in health beliefs, health involvement and risk perception in relation to fish have been tested. Next, structural equation modelling (LISREL) was used in order to simultaneously estimate the strength and direction of relationships between health beliefs, health involvement and risk perception in relation to fish consumption.Findings – Health involvement links up indirectly with subjective health and with total fish consumption, in both cases through increased interest in healthy eating. Interest in healthy eating positively and directly in.
Psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown period on students of healthcare colleges

ABSTRACT Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally caused depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Mental health was affected by social separation, curfews, school and business closures, economic deterioration, and government objectives. This study intends to assess the influence of the post-COVID-19 lockdown period on the psychological health of students enrolled in health colleges at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students of healthcare colleges at King Saud University. We used a validated questionnaire of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). The questionnaire was sent to participants via google forms link through WhatsApp, e-mail, and other social media platforms. A total of 311 participants responded to the questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and a Chi-square test were performed for qualitative data analysis. Results: Among study participants, males were 50.4% and females were 49.6%. About 63% of the students attended a training session on COVID-19 prevention strategies. About 37% of the participants were from the College of Medicine, 27% were from the College of Dentistry, 21% from the College of Pharmacy, 5% from the College of Applied Medical Sciences, and 10% from the College of Nursing. The average anxiety score was 9.84, and the perceived stress score (PSS) was 23.95. 44.1% of students reported mild anxiety, and 1.6% suffered severe anxiety. High stress was perceived by 24.1% of the students, and 75.2% perceived a moderate stress level. No significant association was reported between gender, stress, and anxiety. Similarly, no association was found between stress and the year of study. However, a significant association was found between the year of study and anxiety (P = 0.015). Conclusion: To the limitation of the study, the analysis revealed that COVID significantly influences students’ psychological health. Such findings can be used to develop psychological interventions and susceptible populations and execute appropriate mental health policies and programs targeting student communities.
Emerging role of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in vascular dementia

Vascular dementia (VD) is a prevalent cognitive disorder among the elderly. Its pathological mechanism encompasses neuronal damage, synaptic dysfunction, vascular abnormalities, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, among others. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy. Current research indicates that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play a pivotal role in both the diagnosis and treatment of VD. Thus, this article delves into the recent advancements of MSC-EVs in VD, discussing the mechanisms by which EVs influence the pathophysiological processes of VD. These mechanisms form the theoretical foundation for their neuroprotective effect in VD treatment. Additionally, the article highlights the potential applications of EVs in VD diagnosis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs present a promising innovative treatment strategy for VD. With rigorous research and ongoing innovation, this concept can transition into practical clinical treatment, providing more effective options for VD patients.
Short Term Power Load Forecasting Method Based on VMD-ResNet

The load of a region is often influenced by multiple factors, resulting in strong nonlinearity and temporal characteristics of load data, which increases the difficulty of accurately predicting load. To improve the accuracy of power load forecasting, this paper proposes a short-term power load forecasting method based on VMD-ResNet. Firstly, at the data level, the Variational Modal Decomposition (VMD) method is used to decompose historical loads and temperatures to obtain a more stable Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF). Then, different IMFs are integrated and input into the first stage prediction model along with seasonal and holiday information to extract internal features of the data for preliminary prediction; The second stage is a Deep Residual Network (ResNet) that uses the forecast data from the first stage as input to predict the load over the next 24 hours. The data adopts real load data from Panama City from January 2015 to June 2020. The average absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the VMD-ResNet load forecasting model is 1.3%. Compared with load forecasting networks such as SVR, LSTM, CNN-LSTM, ResNet, etc., the MAPE of the test set has decreased by 2.36%, 1.8%, 1.2%, and 0.8%, respectively. Experiments have shown that VMD-ResNet can deeply mine data characteristics and has good predictive performance.
Seasonal abundance and trend of avian species of Lake Marmai Wetland, Taraba State, Nigeria

A reconnaissance survey was caarried out on Lake Marmai to select sites where census of birds will be studied. The selection was based on the water dept and ecological characteristics of the fringing vegetation. Point count census tecniques as outlined by (Bibby et al, 1992 and Sutterland, 2000) were used to count the birds. Fifty three (53) species of birds belonging to 27 families were recorded. Checklist of birds showed that there were variation in the abundance of bird species between wet and dry seasons. Data were collected in early dry seasons (Oct-Dec), late dry seasons (Jan-Mar), early wet seasons (April-Jun) and late wet seasons (July-Sept); for a period of two years. The families Ardeidae and Columbidae show the highest number of species while the species Dendrocygna viduatahas the highest density of 421.37/ha. in early dry season. Avian abundance indicated unstable population pattern for all the species in all the seasons, while the species compositionandseasonal abundance compared favourably with those declared as Ramsar sites in Nigeria. Keywords: Seasonal abundance, reconnaissance, diversity, checklist and seasonal variation
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Essential Oil of Stachys Glutinosa L. from Sardinia

The oil composition of Stachys glutinosa L. from two different areas of Sardinia was analyzed by GC/MS. The oil from Gallura plants was characterized by the four main constituents: terpinen-4-ol (12.7%), α-terpinyl acetate (10.6%), trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene (8.5%), and α-terpineol (8.4%) whilst α-cedrene (19.2%), α-terpineol (18.5%), terpinen-4-ol (12.6%), and α-terpinyl acetate (8.6%) were the main compounds in the oil from Ulassai plants. The oils showed good bacteriostatic activities against Vibrio cholerae (MIC 0.6%), all the Candida tested (1.25%) and Rodotorula rubra (2.5%). There were also bactericidal activities against Candida glabrata (1.25 %) and Rodotorula rubra (2.5%).
ICT in educational context : exchanging knowledge between Czech, Norway and Poland

Responsibility for ensuring the quality of learning resources for schools has been relaxed or dissolved in many countries. For ICT-based learning resources this raises issues of e.g. how social (cultural, class, gender) responsibility will be ensured. In this paper, we discuss divergent views of where responsibility lies. With designers? With teachers who use it? With the young students? We sketch a model for teacher and student participation in design which takes into account ethical questions.