Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary Metabolism Compounds Study of Essential Oils for the Mentha spicata L. and Ocimum basilicum L.

Background: The mint and basil plants (M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L.) of the labiate family were used in the study. Methods: A qualitative chemical detection regarding several active chemicals in the leaves of M. spicata L. and O. basilicum L. was part of the investigation. Results: The findings revealed that both species include flavonoids and glycosides, yet tannins and saponins were not found in the leaves extract of O. basilicum, and volatile oils were found in the alcoholic extract at a rate of 4.5% in the leaves of O. basilicum. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) was used to detect six chemical active groups include (O-H, C=H, C=C, C=N, C-O, C-N). Our findings revealed the presence of alkaloid; the extraction yield for volatile oils in M. spicata species is 3%. As for the presence of nutrients in the type, the highest percentage of Calcium is in species O. basilicum . Conclusions: The presence of effective chemical compounds in O. basilicum and M. spicata leaves indicates its importance as a source of useful drugs and the importance of chemical components in the pharmaceutical industries, as well as enhancing the importance of its use in folk medicine as a safe treatment for many diseases.
Sex-biased differences in the effects of host individual, host population and environmental traits driving tick parasitism in red deer

The interactions between host individual, host population, and environmental factors modulate parasite abundance in a given host population. Since adult exophilic ticks are highly aggregated in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and this ungulate exhibits significant sexual size dimorphism, life history traits and segregation, we hypothesized that tick parasitism on males and hinds would be differentially influenced by each of these factors. To test the hypothesis, ticks from 306 red deer—182 males and 124 females—were collected during 7 years in a red deer population in south-central Spain. By using generalized linear models, with a negative binomial error distribution and a logarithmic link function, we modeled tick abundance on deer with 20 potential predictors. Three models were developed: one for red deer males, another for hinds, and one combining data for males and females and including “sex” as factor. Our rationale was that if tick burdens on males and hinds relate to the explanatory factors in a differential way, it is not possible to precisely and accurately predict the tick burden on one sex using the model fitted on the other sex, or with the model that combines data from both sexes. Our results showed that deer males were the primary target for ticks, the weight of each factor differed between sexes, and each sex specific model was not able to accurately predict burdens on the animals of the other sex. That is, results support for sex-biased differences. The higher weight of host individual and population factors in the model for males show that intrinsic deer factors more strongly explain tick burden than environmental host-seeking tick abundance. In contrast, environmental variables predominated in the models explaining tick burdens in hinds.
Emplacement mechanism and thermobarometry of the Sveconorwegian Bohus granite, SW Sweden

Abstract The 920 Ma, post-kinematic Sveconorwegian (Grenvillian) Bohus granite of south-western Sweden was principally emplaced along a gently easterly dipping weakness zone at mesozonal brittle crustal depth, in an extensional stress regime. The fusion of the protolith gneisses was facilitated by a Sveconorwegian post-orogenic uplift which accelerated the dehydration melting of biotite. The crystalrich magma surges crystallised predominantly as biotite monzogranites, locally rich in secondary muscovite. Biotite + muscovite assemblage became stable in the late magmatic stage, principally in the pegmatitic-aplitic facies. Amphibolite facies para and orthogneiss xenoliths are very frequent in the northern part of the granite massif, where they are interpreted to represent remnants of a giant, brecciated roof pendant. Contact metamorphic transformation of large paragneiss xenoliths, at a specific locality, Tjärnö island, enables garnet-biotite geothermometry and garnet-plagioclase geobarometry studies of physical emplacement conditions during intrusion of the granite. Garnet-bearing Bohus granite samples from four additional localities were also used for the geothermobarometric calculations. Element partitioning in garnet-biotite indicate that the temperature of intrusion was at least 715[ddot]C and the final crystallisation (solidus) temperature 670–680[ddot]C. Garnets in the granite and the granofelsic xenolith are low-calcium almandine-spessartines, in contrast to the generally calcium-rich almandinetype garnets of the metamorphic rocks of SW Sweden. Pressure is determined with the independant approaches of quartz + muscovite + biotite + plagioclase + garnet and garnet-only Gd/Dy geobarometry, supported by evaluation of emplacement features and mineral assemblages. Pressure is found to have been c. 4 kbar or slightly higher during the final crystallisation of the Bohus granite, corresponding to depths of c. 15 km.
Cell Cycle-dependent Usage of Transcriptional Start Sites

Cyclin B1 mRNA is expressed temporally throughout the cell cycle with peak expression in G2and M phase. Both transcriptional and posttranscriptional controls are important for this cell cycle-dependent regulation of cyclin B1 mRNA. In this study, we observed that cyclin B1 has two major transcripts: (a) a constitutively expressed transcript, and (b) a cell cycle-regulated transcript expressed predominantly during G2-M phase. These different transcripts are due to alternative start sites. The constitutively expressed transcript starts 65 bases upstream from the cell cycle-regulated message. Changes in mRNA stability did not appear to control the expression of the cell cycle-specific transcript, but we were able to identify a 24-base pair region of the cyclin B1 promoter spanning the start site of the cell cycle-regulated transcript that was critical for its cell cycle-regulated promoter activity. This suggests that transcriptional regulation is responsible for controlling the presence of each message. The 24-base pair sequence required for cell cycle regulation was notable for containing the nucleotides GGCT repeated three times. The possibility that these two transcripts might be physiologically distinct was raised when the cell cycle-specific transcript was found to be translated more efficientlyin vitro than the constitutively expressed transcript. These results characterize a novel mechanism for the regulation of cyclin B1 throughout the cell cycle that is dependent upon the use of different transcriptional start sites.
Reevaluating “The End of Mass Communication?”

It is hard to imagine a more challenging arena for communication research than that presented by new media and their impact on our society. We have witnessed the fastest evolution in communication technology in human history and, along with it, the evolution of communication conceptions and theories used to assess its impact. More than a decade has passed since Chaffee and Metzger first published their intriguing article “The End of Mass Communication? ” and suggested that the new media will change the notions of mass communication and, as a result, the theories used in communication research. Today, we know more about new media and its effect on communication, society, and communication theories. The present article, therefore, sets out to reassess Chaffee and Metzger's claim by describing the development of several core theories of communication research, namely the agenda-setting theory and the notions of media audiences and the Digital Divide, in light of the new media. Our review shows that the role played by communication technologies in social, cultural, political, and economic processes is as central and influential in the new media era as it was in traditional media environment and that, although theories may change to accommodate the changes of the new media environment, researchers are still dealing with the “old” issues of power and resistance, and structure and ownership.
Does Delisting from the S&P 500 Affect Stock Price?

On November 30, 1983, seven stocks were dropped from the Standard & Poor's 500 index to make room for the stocks of the seven new telephone companies. This event offers an unusual opportunity to study the effects of delisting, independent of changes in investor expectations of future performance. Efficient market theory suggests that the market prices of the delisted securities should not have changed, because the delisting would have no effect on their expected future returns. However, the evidence indicates an apparently significant and long-term drop in the prices of the delisted stocks, suggesting a possible measurable negative price effect is associated with delisting from the S&P 500. The Evidence The break-up of AT&T, and the concurrent public offering of securities of the spin-off companies, was expected for about a year prior to the event. The exact nature of the change in the S&P 500, however, was kept confidential until the close of the New York Stock Exchange on November 30, 1983. At that time, subscribers to S&P's telephone notification service were contacted simultaneously and told of the changes in the index. Although some trading on the Pacific Stock Exchange was possible, most of the trading in these stocks occurred on December 1. The following companies were dropped from the S&P 500: * Continental Telecommunications (CTC), * Centel Communications (CNT), * Wisconsin Electric Power Company (WPC), * El Paso Company (ELP), * Brooklyn Union Gas Company (BU),
Neuropsychological deficits in past suicide attempters with varying levels of depression severity

Background Our previous work identified deficits in interference processing and learning/memory in past suicide attempters who were currently depressed and medication-free. In this study, we extend this work to an independent sample studied at various stages of illness and treatment (mild symptoms, on average) to determine if these deficits in past suicide attempters are evident during a less severe clinical state. Method A total of 80 individuals with a past history of major depression and suicide attempt were compared with 81 individuals with a history of major depression and no lifetime suicide attempts on a battery of neurocognitive measures assessing attention, memory, abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency and impulse control. Results Past attempters performed more poorly in attention, memory and working memory domains, but also in an estimate of pre-morbid intelligence. After correction for this estimate, tests that had previously distinguished past attempters – a computerized Stroop task and the Buschke Selective Reminding Test – remained significantly worse in attempters. In a secondary analysis, similar differences were found among those with the lowest levels of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score <10), suggesting that these deficits may be trait markers independent of current symptomatology. Conclusions Deficits in interference processing and learning/memory constitute an enduring defect in information processing that may contribute to poor adaptation, other higher-order cognitive impairments and risk for suicidal behavior.
Introduction to the Special Section on Digital Libraries: Representation and Retrieval

OMPUTER, skip ahead to the scene where they ride "C bicycles through the sky. " "Are there other shots of this, maybe from a different viewpoint? " "What other fabrics do you have that look like this? " These are a few queries that might be asked of today's digital library systems. As consumers receive access to the world's collections of video, image, text, and other information, research is needed for tools that represent digital content and save people time retrieving what they want to find. Although information retrieval is already a mature research area for text databases, its use for video and image libraries is relatively new. Some of the earliest and largest research efforts have been IBM Almaden's QBIC system [l], ISSs SWIM system [21, and MIT's Photobook and FourEyes systems [3], [4]. Pieces of these first systems have evolved into commercial products and can be explored interactively on the world-wide web [5 ] , [61.
Planetary system and star formation science with non-redundant masking on JWST

Non-redundant masking (NRM) is a high contrast high resolution technique that is relevant for future space missions dedicated to either general astrophysics or extrasolar planetary astronomy. On the ground NRM has opened a rich target space between 0.5 to 4 resolution elements from bright stars. It enabled moderate contrast very high angular resolution observations that have provided dynamical masses for targets beyond the resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope. Such observations challenge the best models of ultra-cool dwarf stars' atmospheres and interiors. The technique succeeds because it sidesteps the effects of speckle noise that plagues direct imaging at moderate Strehl ratios. On a space telescope NRM mitigates instrument-induced speckle noise, thus enabling high contrast even when images are barely diffraction-limited. The non-redundant mask in the Fine Guidance Sensor Tunable Filter Imager (FGS-TFI) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will open up a search space between 50 and 400 mas at wavelengths longer than 3. 8μm. We present simulations that estimate achievable contrast on JWST, and report preliminary results of a testbed experiment using a mask with the same geometry as JWST's. We expect contrast of the order of 104 will be achievable in a 10 ks exposure of an M = 7 star, with observing, target acquisition, and data calibration methods common to the three other imaging instruments on board JWST. As an example of the potential science possible with NRM, we show that if a planet were responsible for clearing the inner 5 AU of the disk around HR8799, it would likely be detectable using JWST FGS-TFI's NRM at 4.6 microns. Stars as bright as M = 3 will also be observable with JWST's NRM, meshing well with next-generation ground-based extreme adaptive optics coronagraphs. JWST NRM's parameter space is inaccessible to both JWST coronagraphs and future 30-m class ground-based telescopes, especially in the mid-IR.
Comment on “the long‐term fate of polychlorinated biphenyls in San Francisco bay, (USA)”

In a recent paper published in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (ET&C), Davis [1] presents a simple mass balance model of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the water and sediment of San Francisco Bay. The author uses the model to derive conclusions about the dominant processes affecting PCBs and the relationship between the recovery of the bay and external loads. As discussed below, a realistic analysis of long-term PCB fate and transport in the bay must include the effects of tidal exchange between the bay and the ocean. Davis’s model neglects tides and the impact of ocean water that enters through the Golden Gate on PCB levels in the bay, leading him to reach conclusions that cannot be reconciled with evidence of ongoing natural recovery in the bay. We present a revised version of the author’s model that accounts for tides and is more representative of the system. The author indicates that his most important conclusion is ‘‘. that seemingly small annual external loads of 10 kg or more, if sustained over the long term, could significantly delay declines in food web PCBs’’ [1]. Unfortunately, he fails to reconcile this conclusion with two pertinent facts: (1) PCB levels in the bay have been declining at a rate of about 5 to 8% per year (see Fig. 6 of the paper); (2) the best estimate of the contemporary PCB load to the bay is 83 kg/year [2]. The paper indicates that the model can replicate the declines seen in mussels only if the loading rate is in the range of 0 to 20 kg/year and that a load of 80 kg/year ‘‘. would cause concentrations to remain essentially constant. ’’ We have concluded that the inconsistency between the model and the loading and trend data are due primarily to the fact that the model is missing a major component of the mass balance, namely the inflow of ocean water that occurs during flood tide (other aspects of the model are subject to criticism, particularly the reduction in outflow by the factor ‘‘F’’, but are not discussed here). The importance of the exchange of ocean and bay water has been recognized and examined by various researchers [e.g., 3 and 4]. Two of the most important factors controlling this exchange are tidal action and freshwater inflow to the bay (mainly from the Delta). We examined and quantified the tidal exchange between the bay and ocean by constructing a salt mass balance for the bay system. We used a simple box model to represent the longterm salt balance in the bay, with the average salinity in the system given by Sbay. We assumed that freshwater inflow to the bay (Qf) enters with negligible salinity. New ocean water, with a salinity of S0, is transported into the bay by tidal action and other hydrodynamic processes in the vicinity of the Golden Gate. The flow of new ocean water into the bay is temporally variable [4]. In our analysis, that inflow rate was represented by a long-term average tidal exchange flow value (Q0). By continuity, the net outflow is the sum of Qf and Q0. Thus, a conservation of salt equation for this box model of the bay system is
COBRA Digitizer Evaluation Board Test Results

4 Clock generation and control 11 4.1 Reference delay control . 11 4.2 Correlator reference clamp . 13 4.3 Phase locked-loop (PLL) . 14 4.4 Reference and PLL timing . 16 4.5 Digitizer PLL TTL-to-(TTL-5V) translation circuit . 18 4.6 Correlator clock fanout . 19 4.7 Correlator clock terminations . 19 4.8 Digitizer clock pulse masking . 24
On the Security of the PKCS#1 v1.5 Signature Scheme

The RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signature algorithm is the most widely used digital signature scheme in practice. Its two main strengths are its extreme simplicity, which makes it very easy to implement, and that verification of signatures is significantly faster than for DSA or ECDSA. Despite the huge practical importance of RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures, providing formal evidence for their security based on plausible cryptographic hardness assumptions has turned out to be very difficult. Therefore the most recent version of PKCS#1 (RFC 8017) even recommends a replacement the more complex and less efficient scheme RSA-PSS, as it is provably secure and therefore considered more robust. The main obstacle is that RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures use a deterministic padding scheme, which makes standard proof techniques not applicable. We introduce a new technique that enables the first security proof for RSA-PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures. We prove full existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen-message attacks (EUF-CMA) under the standard RSA assumption. Furthermore, we give a tight proof under the Phi-Hiding assumption. These proofs are in the random oracle model and the parameters deviate slightly from the standard use, because we require a larger output length of the hash function. However, we also show how RSA-PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures can be instantiated in practice such that our security proofs apply. In order to draw a more complete picture of the precise security of RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures, we also give security proofs in the standard model, but with respect to weaker attacker models (key-only attacks) and based on known complexity assumptions. The main conclusion of our work is that from a provable security perspective RSA PKCS#1 v1.5 can be safely used, if the output length of the hash function is chosen appropriately.
Do they Discover Weekly your taste?

The expansion of the streaming services and new media has led to overwhelming catalogues of content available online. One of the most popular music streaming platforms that offers a broad collection of music on demand is Spotify. To facilitate the music discovery, this service provides its users with algorithmically created Discover Weekly playlist, that allows exploring new content every Monday morning. Moreover, these algorithmically created recommendations have a significant potential to facilitate discovering of new music that users are not familiar with. However, recommendation systems are also perceived to decrease diversity as they keep users in filter bubbles and echo chambers, where they are exposed to similar content. How users of the service perceive the diversity of their music content may be dependent on characteristics as subscription model or the quantity of music consumed daily. As People that spend more time on exploring the Internet and new technologies are perceived to be heavy users. In contrary, when they are less active online, they can be categorized as the light users. This assumption was used concerning music listening through the streaming platform, Spotify. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyse whether the differences in Spotify usage have an impact on the perceptions of the algorithmically created playlist, Discover Weekly. Thus, the research question was asked: to what extent does the diversity of the music recommended by the Discover Weekly playlists differ between heavy and light users of Spotify? To answer the main research question six hypotheses regarding music diversity, algorithmic recommendations and algorithmic satisfaction were stated. To be able to measure the differences between heavy and light users, the quantitative surveys were conducted. With the use of gathered data from 359 Spotify users, the outcomes were examined with the use of statistical tests and the SPSS software. The analysis indicated that there are no significant differences between heavy and light users when considering self-reported use, thus all hypotheses were rejected. However, the examination of the results indicated differences regarding perceptions of being heavy or light users. The more people perceive themselves as heavy users, the more diverse they perceive their content to be, the more they appreciate algorithmic recommendations, and the more satisfied they are with Discover Weekly.
High animal protein diet and gut microbiota in human health

Abstract The role of the intestinal flora in health and disease has become a research hotspot. Compared with carbohydrates and fats, proteins are metabolized primarily by microbial fermentation in the intestine. The production of protein fermentation products and metabolites depends on the composition, diversity, and metabolism of the gut microbiota. Several protein fermentation products, including indoles, phenols, polyamines, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), amines, and carnitine, are toxic. This study analyzes the relationship between high-protein diets (HPDs), the intestinal microbiota, and human health and disease. Long-term HPDs increase the risk of intestinal diseases, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by producing toxic metabolites in the colon, including amines, H2S, and ammonia. Short-term HPDs have little effect on the metabolism of healthy individuals under 65 years old. However, meeting the protein requirements of individuals over 65 years old using HPDs is more challenging. The adverse effects of HPDs on athletes are minimal. Natural compounds (plant extracts, whose main constituents are polysaccharides and polyphenols), prebiotics, probiotics, and regular physical exercise improve gut dysbiosis and reduce disease risk.