Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relativistic perturbations in ΛCDM: Eulerian & Lagrangian approaches

We study the relativistic dynamics of a pressure-less and irrotational fluid of dark matter (CDM) with a cosmological constant (Λ), up to second order in cosmological perturbation theory. In our analysis we also account for vector and tensor perturbations and include primordial non-Gaussianity. We consider three gauges: the synchronous-comoving gauge, the Poisson gauge and the total matter gauge, where the first is the unique relativistic Lagrangian frame of reference, and the latters are convenient gauge choices for Eulerian frames. Our starting point is the metric and fluid variables in the Poisson gauge up to second order. We then perform the gauge transformations to the synchronous-comoving gauge and subsequently to the total matter gauge. Our expressions for the metrics, densities, velocities, and the gauge generators are novel and coincide with known results in the limit of a vanishing cosmological constant.
Dataset Augmentation and Mixture-Of-Experts Working In Concert For Few-Shot Domain Adaptation Transfer Learning

Despite the significant improvements in NLP in the last few years, models can still fail to work well on test sets which differ, even a small amount, from their training sets. Few shot learning is an important goal in creating generalizable neural network models. In this paper we explore ways to increase the few shot learning performance of a model by implementing a few variations meant to improve generalizability; specifically we measure the effects of data augmentation and mixture of experts on a pre-trained transformer BERT model. Mixture of experts is a technique in which separate models are trained to be responsible for different sub tasks within a problem. We find that this change is able to remove the interference between out-of-domain datasets during training and increase performance from F1 48.43 to 51.54. Data augmentation applied for NLP is a technique in which words within a piece of text are added, removed, or replaced in an effort to increase the variance in training data. This method was found to be a valuable tool in further improving expert learning, increasing the overall F1 score further to 52.07, however it did not improve the baseline model when used on its own.
Bisphenol-A in Goldfi sh Studied by Whole-Body Autoradiography (WBARG)

Nonpersistent contaminants represent thousands of chemicals used as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, additives, etc. Because of this diversity, the assessment of the environmental risks they may pose for the environment represents a formidable task. Identifi cation of target organs is key information needed to orient further research on newlyinvestigated organic xenobiotics. We used whole-body autoradiography to visualize the distribution of 14C-labelled atrazine, methoxychlor, glyphosate, and bisphenol-A in goldfi sh (Carassius auratus) and identify target organs. Fish were exposed for 2 days (glyphosate and bisphenol-A) and 7 days (atrazine and methoxychlor) to the radiolabelled compounds at a concentration of 15 nM. They were then frozen, embedded in carboxymethylcellulose gel, 20m-thick cryosections were collected, freeze-dried, and exposed to phosphor screens to visualize the tissue distribution of radioactivity. Goldfi sh did not accumulate glyphosate. The three other compounds were accumulated, mostly in the gall bladder. Nevertheless, unforeseen accumulation sites were observed; atrazine accumulated in the uveal tract of the eye, high levels of radioactivity were found in the cerebrospinal fl uid of goldfi sh exposed to methoxychlor, and an important accumulation of bisphenol-A was seen in urine, oral mucosa, esophagus, and intestinal lumen. The potential toxicological consequences of the accumulation of these chemicals at very specifi c locations within the fi sh body are discussed and further research suggested.
Reimplementing Dynamic Chunk Reader

Some SQuAD models calculate the probability of a candidate answer by assuming that the probability distributions for the answer’s start and end indices are independent. Since the two do depend on each other, it should be possible to improve performance by relaxing this assumption and instead calculating the probability of each candidate answer span’s start and end indices jointly. We do so by reim-plementing the Dynamic Chunk Reader (DCR) architecture proposed in Yu et al.[1], which dynamically chunks and ranks the passage into candidate answer spans using a novel Chunk Representation Layer and Chunk Ranker Layer. We implemented this model on the SQUAD 2.0 dataset instead of Yu et al.’s SQUAD 1 implementation. Our results performed more poorly than the baseline, which may indicate that the DCR architecture may not apply well to the SQUAD 2.0 task, or that we may have misinterpreted certain implementation details from the original paper.
Twitter Rumour Identification and Verification

- Social media has emerged as one of the main sources of news and information. An important characteristic of social media is rapid emergence and spread of new information. Twitter is one such platform of micro-blogging on social media for sharing thoughts, opinions, news and information in limited words. This information may contain rumours too. False information and rumours create panic in the society, heightens the bad effects on society, government, organizations, businesses and individuals as well. Considering the harmful consequences of fake news, there is a profound need to detect rumours early, verify their veracity and prevent it from spreading. Our hypothesis states that the content having a negative sentiment is more likely to have rumour. In this paper, we present our rumour detection approach to verify our hypothesis. The project is divided into three modules: Classification, Detection and Verification carried out using natural language processing and supervised machine learning. The tweets are classified based on sentiment analysis. The rumours are detected using the sentiment score and some other features. The rumour’s veracity is checked using an external module for obtaining verified news.
RobustQA Using Data Augmentation

This project aims to explore possible improvements and extensions to the RobustQA Default baseline provided by the CS224N Winter quarter staff. Our goal is to create a domain-agnostic question answering system given DistilBERT as a pre-trained transformer model. The main method attempted in this paper is that of Task Adaptive Fine Tuning (TAPT) [1], which entails a pre-training step utilizing the Masked Language Modeling task. This method was combined with experimentation on hyperparameters (batch size, number of epochs, and learning rate) to produce the highest-achieving model. Specifically, a pre-trained MLM model with a batch size of 32 yielded an EM of 42.75 and F1 of 61.14, which are each around 2 points higher than the baseline metrics.
DIFUSIÓN ELECTROMAGNÉTICA POR UNA NANOPARTÍCULA METÁLICA : RÉGIMEN DE CAMPO CERCANO ( Electromagnetic scattering by a metallic nanosphere : near field regime )

Dipole approximations and Mie theory were used to understand the radiation-matter interactions of a metallic nanosphere when it is illuminated by a plane electromagnetic wave. First, dipole models and its validity in the nanoscale range were revised, then , the optical response of a 20 nm radius gold sphere was analysed when it is illuminated by a plane electromagnetic wave of λ = 550 nm. The scattered fields were calculated using MatLab software. In particular, this work focuses the attention on the electromagnetic behaviour in the proximity of the particle, the near field region, which has exceptional properties due to evanescent waves generated by plasmon resonances.
Can we monitor crew Situational Awareness during flight

— Is it possible to automatically and non-intrusively observe flight crew behaviour in the cockpit in order to monitor their Situational Awareness during flight? This work in progress investigates the possibility to automatically monitor flight crew Situational Awareness (SA). The monitoring tool is to automatically analyse the Situational Awareness of both pilots on the basis of their visual scanning, their interaction with cockpit systems and their speech. Visual scanning is an indicator for the first level of Situational Awareness (perception), which is a necessary basis for higher levels of Situational Awareness (comprehension and projection). The timing of pilot interactions with cockpit systems as well as speech could be indicators of these higher levels of Situational Awareness. The question we would like to answer in our work is: can we establish a common behavioural pattern within a flight crew that indicates optimal SA and can we use this as a reference to identify reduced SA? And, if this proves to be impossible, is an individual reference pattern possible and is that a suitable alternative?
1 b 3 galt 6 knock-out zebrafish recapitulate β 3 GalT 6-deficiency disorders in 1 human and reveal a trisaccharide proteoglycan linkage region 2

35 Proteoglycans are structurally and functionally diverse biomacromolecules found abundantly on cell 36 membranes and in the extracellular matrix. They consist of a core protein linked to glycosaminoglycan 37 chains via a tetrasaccharide linkage region. Here, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated b3galt6 knock38 out zebrafish, lacking galactosyltransferase II, which adds the third sugar in the linkage region, largely 39 recapitulate the phenotypic abnormalities seen in human β3GalT6-deficiency disorders. These 40 comprise craniofacial dysmorphism, generalized skeletal dysplasia, skin involvement and indications 41 for muscle hypotonia. Disturbed collagen fibril organization was the most consistent ultrastructural 42 characteristic throughout affected tissues. Strikingly, despite a strong reduction in glycosaminoglycan 43 content, we identified a small amount of proteoglycans containing a unique linkage region consisting 44 of only three sugars. This implies that formation of glycosaminoglycans with an immature linkage 45 region is possible in a pathogenic context. Our study therefore unveils a novel rescue mechanism for 46 β3GalT6-deficiency, opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention. 47
Use Potomogeton pectinatus plant as vital indicator of contamination of heavy elements in the Tigris River passing through Baghdad

The results of this study were obtained possibility of using plant Potomogeton pectinatus as a vital indicator of pollution in the Tigris River for its portability absorbed heavy elements. Results showed there is a connection in the concentrations of elements (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Cd) in water and plant samples in different areas of the study, which was a bit high in the plant as compared with water. Physical and chemical properties of water also revealed an increase in PH and TDS values As well as an increase in some of the concentrations of Cation and negative ion , PO4-2, HCO3 in the waters of the river, especially in some stations located in the Zafaraniyah area and respectively down to the Diyala River, which refers to the water pollution in the study areas, as a result of sewage effect and processes of soil washing lands surrounding the river as well as industrial waste flowing into the river, as well as the nature of the river basin, which abound where Plaster and saline soils, leading to a change in the hydrochemical characteristics and quality of water.
Accurate ubiquitous localization with off-the-shelf IEEE 802.11ac devices

WiFi location systems are remarkably accurate, with decimeter-level errors for recent CSI-based systems. However, such high accuracy is achieved under Line-of-Sight (LOS) conditions and with an access point (AP) density that is much higher than that typically found in current deployments that primarily target good coverage. In contrast, when many of the APs within range are in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS), the location accuracy degrades drastically. In this paper we present UbiLocate, a WiFi location system that copes well with common AP deployment densities and works ubiquitously, i.e., without excessive degradation under NLOS. UbiLocate demonstrates that meter-level median accuracy NLOS localization is possible through (i) an innovative angle estimator based on a Nelder-Mead search, (ii) a fine-grained time of flight ranging system with nanosecond resolution, and (iii) the accuracy improvements brought about by the increase in bandwidth and number of antennas of IEEE 802.11ac. In combination, they provide superior resolvability of multipath components, significantly improving location accuracy over prior work. We implement our location system on off-the-shelf 802.11ac devices and make the implementation, CSI-extraction tool and custom Fine Timing Measurement design publicly available to the research community. We carry out an extensive performance analysis of our system and show that it outperforms current state-of-the-art location systems by a factor of 2--3, both under LOS and NLOS.
Image Segmentation of Adenovirus Particles in Food Vacuoles of Eukaryotic Organisms

—The aim of this project is to develop a reproducible virus segmentation program which can help to detect adenovirus particles in food vacuoles of eukaryotic organisms. In this report, we show that with the help of neural networks, U-net in particular, we can accomplish the task efﬁciently. Based on the model we develop, we can achieve the IoU of 0.3762 on the test set, which can achieve a satisfactory prediction.
The inter-relationship of entrepreneurship training, motivation and successful in Malaysia creative industry: a conceptual study

Introduction The creative industry is a new approach for Malaysian government to establish several art sectors, like craft, batek, songket, silk, wood curving, furniture, literature, theater, music, and film. Ministry of Arts, Culture and Heritage takes responsibility to ensure that the implementation of creative industry in Malaysia becomes reality (Rais Yatim, 2006). Basically, the terms creative industries are often focused on creating and exploiting intellectual property on creative products or providing business-to-business creative services (Wikipedia, 2006). Today it is internationally accepted and acknowledge that art/culture sector is an essential factor in promoting and achieving economic growth (Rais Yatim, 2006). Enarsson (2002) has done studies and describe the creative industry in Iceland are really emphasizing the importance of entrepreneurs in small and medium sized enterprise (SMEs) within cultural sector and highly contributed to the gross-domestic-product (GDP). The purpose of government highlighted creative industry in Malaysia is to encourage local artist involved in business and develop their thinking toward market opportunities and competitive (Rais Yatim, 2006). Hatta Azad Khan (2006) has argued in his paper to choose appropriate approaches that are applicable to develop creative industry in Malaysia. He also suggested the important of business chain in creative industry, such as; distribution and retailing, supplier, finance institutions, government bodies, and education and training institutions. The developments of human capital play an important role to supply people in this industry. Entrepreneurship training is the grass root implementation in a creative development to produce number of practitioners in creative industry. Existing research highlighted the entrepreneurship training has a high contribution toward entrepreneurial motivation in term of creativity and innovation, risk propensity and need for achievement (Nieman, 2001). Meanwhile, Shane, Locke and Collins (2003), has found in his studied that entrepreneurial motivation highly contributed to the successful entrepreneurs in a small and medium enterprises. Stevenson and Gumpert (1983) also agree and describe the successful entrepreneurs as a high motivation and innovative individuals who recognize opportunities and marshal resources to achieve their goals business performance. Meanwhile, Deakins (2000) has described in his studied that training can build the skills, knowledge and abilities in different stages in the process of entrepreneurial development. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between training and entrepreneurial motivations toward successful entrepreneurs in a creative industry in Malaysia. Being entrepreneurship training are basic elements that we need to emphasis in term of entrepreneurial motivation toward successful entrepreneur among SMEs in a creative industry in Malaysia.
BiDAF with Explicit Token Linguistic Features

This project aims to explore the effectiveness of extending input token features in BiDAF [1] model to improve on SQUAD v2 QA task [2]. The extension is inspired by existing approaches in open domain QA and neural translation and is motivated by reading comprehension techniques I have learned as a human who doesn’t speak English as first language. The extra features include part-of-speech (POS) tag, named entities (ENT) tag, sentiment and lemma match. The addition of those extra features has shown significant performance improvement over the baseline BiDAF model [1], scoring EM/F1 score of 61.9/65.1 on the validation set and 59.4/62.1 on the test set.
Understanding Gender-coded Wording in Job Postings with Word-vectors and BERT

Biased gender-coded words still exist in job advertisements today. These words can strongly inﬂuence candidates’ perception of the job, discourage diverse candidates from applying and even reduce their sense of belonging to the occupation. Gaucher et al (2011)[1] provides two lists of known gender-coded words in job advertisements. One for masculine and one for feminine coded words. However, these lists are likely incomplete and may miss more subtle or sentence-level gender coding. In this paper I propose that by using word vectors and BERT, we can discover additional gender-coded words and detect gender bias at the grammatical/sentence level.
Effects of Ocean Acidification on Bleaching, Survival, and Cal- cification of Porites porites and P. astreoides in Cartagena, Co- lombia

Estimations of the ocean acidification-OA effects on marine environments indicate that coral reefs’ structure will collapse. This study aimed to determine the effects of OA, and its associated carbon chemistry in the sea water, on corals near the Colombian Caribbean city of Cartagena, taking as model organisms of the species Porites astreoides and P. porites. For each species, the effect of OA on bleaching, survival, and calcification was determined using artificial systems with pH of 7.879 ± 0.004 and 7.789 ± 0.007. The results showed that under the first pH, the bleaching of P. astreoides increased by 24.92% and its survival decreased by 80.56%, while at lowest pH, bleaching increased in 32.78% and survival decreased by 87.5%. In the case of P. porites, at first pH bleaching increased by 29.42% and survival decreased by 30.56% and at the lowest, bleaching increased in 37.32% and survival decreased by 13.39%. In both species, calcification was reduced in more than 90% at 7.879 ± 0.004 and their skeleton began to dissolve at 7.789 ± 0.007. This study represents the first effort to determine OA effects on Colombian Caribbean’s marine biota.
Acute Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most common and most serious acute complication of diabetes mellitus. Although diabetic ketoacidosis occurs with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), it may occur with type 2 under conditions of extreme stress. DKA could less commonly be the first presentation of type 2 DM; which would be called ketosis-prone diabetes mellitus. Aim of the Work: This review sheds light on the initial evaluation and management of diabetic ketoacidosis. The management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is generally aligns with that of DKA. Methods: A thorough systematic search and screening of medical literature were conducted by using PubMed and google scholar engines. All relevant article were reviewed and included. Conclusion: The most common precipitating factors for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are infection and inadequate adherence to insulin therapy. DKA is a triad of hyperglycemia, anion gap metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia. The glucose serum level is commonly less than 800 mg/dL (between 350 to 500 mg/dL. The serum glucose level could be normal or mildly elevated in few setting in such decreased oral intake, pregnancy, insulin use shortly prior to arrival to ED, or use of sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The management of diabetic ketoacidosis includes correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities and the administration of insulin. Correction of fluids and electrolytes entails the correction of hypovolemia, hyperosmolality, metabolic acidosis, and potassium depletion.
Public key encryption with keyword search

Today's entrepreneured world demands huge storage for the data and elementary sharing of the same. Cloud storage serves the requirement of providing security to the files uploaded by the organizations. Security prior to uploading the data is provided by encrypting the files and creating keywords to shield the organizational secrets from strangers. The other challenge faced by the organizations is the Insider keyword guessing attack, which results in the hackers being the employees themselves.To address this variant of threat, We propose a system that has a hierarchy developed between the employees such that the higher-level employees can monitor the activities of the lower-level workforce by constructing a semi-generic Public Key Tree. The PK-tree is constructed by the support provided by the Hierarchical Public Key Encryption with Keyword search [HPEKS] a variant of the public key encryption with keyword search [PEKS]. It furthermore enjoys transparency to the owner provided the admin-1 verifies the user login and Admin-2 will send the OTP (One time Password) such as the secret key to the user to their Registered mail Id which will be used to secure the data and records the activity. The efficiency of the system is analyzed by eradicating the insider attack threat.
Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites among School-aged Children in Imo State , South Eastern Nigeria

In order to identify the presence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection, and to determine the impact of some factors such as age, sex, location (rural and urban) and nutritional habits of children and also the occupation of their parents, this cross sectional study was carried out on 132 stool samples of primary school children in Okwelle, Onuimo (rural) and Owerri municipal(urban), Imo State, Nigeria. Using direct wet mount techniques(using physiological saline and lugol’ iodine) to process the samples (faeces), 74(56.1) out of 132 samples collected were found positive for various gastrointestinal parasites with E. histolytica accounting 36.4%, Ascaris lumbricoides10%, Trichuris trichuria and Hookworm7.6%, Gardia intestinalis 4.5% and Strongyloides stercolaris 3.0% respectively. Cases of polyparasitism were also detected but no pupil had more than two parasite species. Infection was higher in male (64.8%) than female (44.1%), people living in the rural areas (58.5%) than those in the urban centers (48.0%), lower age group (76%) than higher age group (45%). It is concluded that sanitary measures and deworming programs be conducted in primary schools especially those in rural areas to decrease the rate of intestinal parasite infection. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received: 24 June 2015; Received in revised form: 20 July 2015; Accepted: 28 July 2015;