Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of Blockchain in Business Processes: A Comprehensive Review

Blockchain (BC), as an emerging technology, is revolutionizing Business Process Management (BPM) in multiple ways. The main adoption is to serve as a trusted infrastructure to guarantee the trust of collaborations among multiple partners in trustless environments. Especially, BC enables trust of information by using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). With the power of smart contracts, BC enforces the obligations of counterparties that transact in a business process (BP) by programming the contracts as transactions. This paper aims to study the state-of-the-art of BC technologies by (1) exploring its applications in BPM with the focus on how BC provides the trust of BPs in their lifecycles; (2) identifying the relations of BPM as the need and BC as the solution with the assessment towards BPM characteristics; (3) discussing the up-to-date progresses of critical BC in BPM; (4) identifying the challenges and research directions for future advancement in the domain. The main conclusions of our comprehensive review are (1) the study of adopting BC in BPM has attracted a great deal of attention that has been evidenced by a rapidly growing number of relevant articles. (2) The paradigms of BPM over Internet of Things (IoT) have been shifted from persistent to transient, from static to dynamic, and from centralized to decentralized, and new enabling technologies are highly demanded to fulfill some emerging functional requirements (FRs) at the stages of design, configuration, diagnosis, and evaluation of BPs in their lifecycles. (3) BC has been intensively studied and proven as a promising solution to assure the trustiness for both of business processes and their executions in decentralized BPM. (4) Most of the reported BC applications are at their primary stages, future research efforts are needed to meet the technical challenges involved in interoperation, determination of trusted entities, confirmation of time-sensitive execution, and support of irreversibility.
Hosting Events as a Tool for Restoring Destination Image

Restoration of destination image has become a necessity in the global world when negative perception can be a barrier in attracting tourism. One strategy applied by destination marketers to improve the image of places experiencing an immediate or prolonged crisis is hosting spotlight events. The goal of this article is to expand our knowledge of this strategy and to ask what kind of events, place marketers host to reverse a negative destination image and what the advantages or by-products of hosting such events are. The analysis concerns seven kinds of events’ hosting: (1) mega sports events; (2) sports events; (3) cultural events; (4) events that brand a destination contrary to the stereotype; (5) events with opinion leaders and celebrities; (6) conferences and conventions; (7) events that convert negative characteristics into positive.
Infrared Cloud Imager Deployment at the North Slope of Alaska During Early 2002

Starting in February 2002, we deployed a new cloud-radiation sensor called the infrared cloud imager (ICI) at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site near Barrow, Alaska (71.32 N, 156.62 W). ICI records radiometrically calibrated images of the thermal infrared sky radiance in the 8μm to 14 μm wavelength band, from which spatial cloud statistics and spatially resolved cloud radiance can be determined.
Comparison of soil infiltration rates in burned and unburned mountainous watersheds

Steady‐state infiltration measurements were made at mountainous sites in New Mexico and Colorado, USA, with volcanic and granitic soils after wildfires and at comparable unburned sites. We measured infiltration in the New Mexico volcanic soils under two vegetation types, ponderosa pine and mixed conifer, and in the Colorado granitic soils under ponderosa pine vegetation. These measurements were made within high‐severity burn areas using a portable infiltrometer with a 0·017 m2 infiltration area and artificial rainfall rates ranging from 97 to 440 mm h−1. Steady‐state infiltration rates were less at all burned sites relative to unburned sites. The volcanic soil with ponderosa pine vegetation showed the greatest difference in infiltration rates with a ratio of steady‐state infiltration rate in burned sites to unburned soils equal to 0·15. Volcanic soils with mixed conifer vegetation had a ratio (burned to unburned soils) of at most 0·38, and granitic soils with ponderosa pine vegetation had a ratio of 0·38. Steady‐state infiltration rates on unburned volcanic and granitic soils with ponderosa pine vegetation are not statistically different. We present data on the particle‐size distribution at all the study sites and examples of wetting patterns produced during the infiltration experiments. Published in 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peynir Teknolojisinde Enterokoklar –II: Koruyucu ve

Enterococci are used as probiotic in some European countries; most of them are Enterococcus faecium, but some preparations also include Enterococcus faecalis. They have also potential important roles as bioprotective culture and acceleration of ripening in cheese technology. In this paper, we will discusse use of enteroccoci as bioprotective culture, ripening agent and probiotic culture in cheeses.
Earthquakes along the passive margin of eastern Canada

An active seismic zone extends along the passive margin of eastern North America from Baffin Island to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. We have determined the focal mechanisms of several of the earthquakes, including the 1933 Ms 7.3 Baffin Bay earthquake, the largest event ever recorded along the eastern North American margin. The mechanisms show thrust faulting for earthquakes seaward of the 1000 m contour, and primarily normal faulting for earthquakes landward. We propose that these earthquakes are induced by the removal of the Pleistocene glacial loads which extended onto the continental shelf. The deglaciation reactivated basement faults remaining from rifting associated with the opening of the Labrador Sea. Baffin Bay and the Atlantic. A simple flexure calculation yields horizontal extension (normal faulting) in the previously glaciated region, and horizontal compression (thrust faulting) farther seaward, in good general agreement with the observed earthquake mechanisms. The magnitude of the stresses, 100 to 150 bars, is sufficient to reactivate preexisting basement faults. Large passive margin earthquakes may occur as far south along the coast as glaciation extended.
P M Max−planck−institut Fü R Biologische Kybernetik View-direction Speciicity in Scene Recognition after Active and Passive Learning View-direction Speciicity in Scene Recogni- Tion after Active and Passive Learning

Chris Christou is supported by a scholarship from the Max-Planck Gesellchaft. Many thanks to Jee Liter and Fiona Newell for comments and suggestions during the preparation of this document. Abstract. Human visual encoding of scenes was studied with respect to view speciicity: the extent to which observers ability to recognize a familiar scene depends on the limited set of directions experienced during training. Precise control of cues was achieved by using a computer model of a virtual room. A novel explorative search paradigm was implemented using real-time image generation and provided a controlled yet natural means of familiarisation. After training, observers where able to recognize both familiar and novel direction views but the latter involved more errors and required more processing time. Observers were also able to identify the corresponding oorplan indicating that the encoding could provide abstract relation information. In subsequent tests in which we replaced the interactive training stage with passively observed sequences of snapshots we found that although familiar view recognition persisted the novel view generalisation performance diminished. This was so, even when binocular disparities were used to provide more depth information. These results suggest that mental encoding of scenes is view-based although the observed generalisation to novel views cannot readily be explained by simple transformations on 2D stored views. Furthermore, our study highlights the importance of allowing natural behaviour during visual familiarisation tasks.
Evaluation of a candidate 1 st International Standard for anti-Pneumococcal sera 007sp

© World Health Organization 2011 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: bookorders@who.int). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html).
Original Article In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Anaphalis contorta Hook f.

The essential oil was isolated from the aerial parts of Anaphalis contorta Hook. f. (Asteraceae). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of A. contorta was screened by using well diffusion method, against human pathogenic bacteria and fungi at different concentrations (0.25 µg/ml, 0.125 µg/ml and 0.062 µg/ml). The oil was found to be active against the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus and Microsporum canis at a concentration of 0.125 µg/ml, while Trichophyton rubrum was more susceptible at 0.062 µg/ml of the essential oil of A. contorta.
Calculation of the seismic first-break time field and its ray path distribution using a minimum traveltime tree algorithm

SUMMARY A grid search method, analogous to Huygens’ Principle, is employed to find the first-break seismic traveltime field in a seismic model. By defining a set of directions in space, a dynamic directed graph (digraph) containing the first-break time information can be constructed during the minimum traveltime tree-searching process. The dynamic di-graph has far fewer edges than the global graph suggested by previous researchers. An efficient sorting algorithm (heapsort) is adapted to the traveltime data structure by employing an indirect heap strategy. The computational speed can thus be improved several times over other approaches. The minimum traveltime tree algorithm is an efficient and flexible method to simultaneously calculate the first-break time field and the corresponding ray paths. It produces a robust and global result in comparison with traditional ray tracing methods. Later seismic phases can also be handled by imposing constraints on the ray paths. A subgrid technique is better than the normal grid technique in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The construction of the di-graph uses the local directional information of ray-paths and therefore local anisotropic information can be naturely incorporated. The first-break time field and its ray paths in an anisotropic model can be calculated as easily as those for an isotropic model.
A Great Revolution of the Earth-Surface Environment: Linking the Bio-Invasion Onto the Land and the Ordovician Radiation of Marine Organisms

Abstract. The strontium isotopic composition of the oceans changed markedly at the Cambrian-Ordovician transition, some 500 million years ago. This isotopic shift was greatly affected by the first bio-invasion of the land and the ensuing terrestrial-surface environments in a chain reaction that included: 1) an attenuation of weathering on land, 2) changes in the outflow patterns of fluvial floods and the circulation patterns of groundwater, 3) marked regional differentiation of coastal environments, 4) the formation of soil layers, and 5) the eutrophication of estuaries by nutrient salts of terrestrial-biosphere origin. A series of these environmental changes culminated in the marine Ordovician biodiversification, an explosive flourishing of the Paleozoic evolutionary fauna that is characterized by a variety of filter and suspension feeders. The bio-invasion onto land was one of the greatest geobiological events in the Earth's history.
Prediction of ENSO Episodes Using Canonical Correlation Analysis

Abstract Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is explored as a multivariate linear statistical methodology with which to forecast fluctuations of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in real time. CCA is capable of identifying critical sequence of predictor patterns that tend to evolve into subsequent patterns that can be used to form a forecast. The CCA model is used to forecast the 3-month mean sea surface temperature (SST) in several regions of the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans for projection times of 0 to 4 seasons beyond the immediately forthcoming season. The predictor variables, representing the climate situation in the four consecutive 3-month periods ending at the time of the forecast, are 1) quasi-global seasonal mean sea level pressure (SLP) and 2) SST in the predictand regions themselves. Forecast skill is estimated using cross-validation, and persistence is used as the primary skill control measure. Results indicate that a large region in the eastern equatorial Pacific (120°−170°W lon.
IMAGE MINING IN LONG TEMPORAL SAR SEQUENCES

The availability of very long time series of SAR data is a very interesting effect of the long and successful missions carried out mainly by the European Space Agency. ERS-1 and ERS-2 have been providing a consistent data set of observations of the Earth surface since the first of these two satellites was launched. This work is devoted to the analysis of these series, already exploited for a number of applications [1-5], but never considered for image mining in temporal series. Moreover, the focus of this work will be on amplitude ground range data. This is done on purpose, to show how this very basic information, elaborated subset of the rich backscattered values recorded by any SAR sensor in its original slant-range projection, could provide interesting results by itself. Let us assume that a hyper-temporal data series Xn , n 1, . ,N { } is available, withN >>1. The simplest approach that could
Formation of Diatexite Migmatite and Granite Magma during Anatexis of Semi-pelitic Metasedimentary Rocks: an Example from St. Malo, France

Petrological and geochemical variations are used to investigate the INTRODUCTION formation of granite magma from diatexite migmatites derived from Partial melting experiments show that protoliths of pelite metasedimentary rocks of pelitic to greywacke composition at St. and greywacke composition yield up to >40 vol. % Malo, France. Anatexis occurred at relatively low temperatures granite melt over the temperature range 650–900°C and pressures (<800°C, 4–7 kbar), principally through muscovite typical of anatexis of the continental crust (Conrad et dehydration melting. Biotite remained stable and serves as a tracer al., 1988; Vielzeuf & Holloway, 1988; Patino Douce & for the solid fraction during melt segregation. The degree of partial Johnston, 1991; Vielzeuf & Montel, 1994; Patino Douce melting, calculated from modal mineralogy and reaction stoichiometry, & Harris, 1998). Therefore, to make a granite magma was <40 vol. %. There is a continuous variation in texture, the melt fraction must be segregated from a solid fraction mineralogy and chemical composition in the diatexite migmatites. of much greater volume, and then collected together. Mesocratic diatexite formed when metasedimentary rocks melted The type of melt–residuum separation process depends sufficiently to undergo bulk flow or magma flow, but did not on the melt fraction present. experience significant melt–residuum separation. Mesocratic diatexite Melt–residuum separation at low degrees of partial that underwent melt segregation during flow generated (1) memelting (F ), and consequently low melt fraction (Mf ), lanocratic diatexites at the places where the melt fraction was has been documented from metatexite migmatites. In removed, leaving behind a biotite and plagioclase residuum (enriched these rocks, melt segregation produced centimetre-scale in TiO2, FeOT, MgO, CaO, Sc, Ni, Cr, V, Zr, Hf, Th, U and leucosomes distributed in a host composed of layers that REE), and (2) a complementary leucocratic diatexite (enriched in have melted and others that have not (e.g. Henkes & SiO2, K2O and Rb) where the melt fraction accumulated. Leucocratic Johannes, 1981; Gupta & Johannes, 1982; Dougan, 1983; diatexite still contained 5–15 vol. % residual biotite (mg-number Sawyer, 1987; Tait & Harley, 1988; Barbey et al., 1990; 40–44) and 10–20 vol. % residual plagioclase (An22). Anatectic Brown, 1994). Leucosomes represent small volumes of granite magma developed from the leucodiatexite, first by further felsic magma formed when melt was squeezed out of the melt–residuum separation, then through fractional crystallization. deforming matrix (McLellan, 1988; Sawyer, 1991, 1994; Most biotite in the anatectic granite is magmatic (mg-number Brown, 1994; Brown et al., 1995) and collected in low18–22). pressure sinks, such as shear bands and inter-boudin
Longevity and the Life Cycle

The life-cycle model is extended to analyze the causes of longer lifespans. In contrast to previous work, the extension delivers an explicit interior solution for consumption and longevity, where consumption is essential for living and longevity is financed with excess wealth. The solution is consistent with cross-country life-expectancy trends and explains gender differences in consumption and longevity. Also, a central testable hypothesis of the model is strongly supported by regressions using OECD panel data.
Ecosystems A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine

clicking here colleagues, clients, or customers by , you can order high-quality copies for your If you wish to distribute this article to others . here following the guidelines can be obtained by Permission to republish or repurpose articles or portions of articles (this information is current as of September 28, 2010 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag. org http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5865/948 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5865/948/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5865/948#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5865/948#otherarticles , 11 of which can be accessed for free: cites 28 articles This article 135 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/319/5865/948#otherarticles 17 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/ecology Ecology : subject collections This article appears in the following
An Empirical Research on the Relationship Between China's Export Mix and Environmental Pollution

Theoretically and empirically,this study explores the relationship between export mix and environmental pollution.By constructing the mathematical models,it is concluded that at the initial stages of a country's economic development,environmental pollution is likely to worsen as export mix gets optimized.By applying the data of China's industrial waste gas ranging from 1981to 2010,the empirical test shows that the optimization of China's export mix has a positive effect on the emission of industrial waste gas.Therefore,it is not feasible to lessen China's environment pollution by merely optimizing its export mix.
Amphibole-bearing listwaenites from the Paleozoic Bayazeh ophiolite (Central Iran)

The Paleozoic Bayazeh ophiolite is situated in the western part of the Central-East Iranian microcontinent (CEIM). This ophiolite consists of serpentinised peridotites, metagabbros, metamorphosed ultrabasic dykes, metapicrites, serpentinites and metamorphosed listwaenites which are covered by Late Paleozoic schists and marbles. The unique petrological characteristic of this ophiolite is due to regional metamorphism, which produced listwaenites by carbonation of serpentinites. The mineral association of the Bayazeh metamorphosed listwaenites is represented by amphiboles (tremolite and actinolite), carbonates (dolomite and calcite), quartz, serpentine (antigorite), chromian spinel, ferritchromite and chlorite (pycnochlorite). The main textures are nematoblastic and granoblastic. Rockforming minerals and the association of the outcrops with serpentinites indicate that the amphibole-bearing listwaenites were generated by regional metamorphism of serpentinites. The mineral assemblage of these rocks and the chemical composition of chromian spinels and amphiboles reveal that these minerals were metamorphosed under upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies P-T conditions. Relicts of well-preserved chromian spinel cores in the studied rocks were used as a petrogenetic indicator. The high Cr and Mg values, together with the low Fe3+ and Ti contents of the serpentinite chromian spinels confirm their magmatic nature. The chemical characteristics of the investigated chromian spinels suggest that the protolith should have been a harzburgite belonging to a suprasubduction zone geotectonic setting.
Towards the Improvement of Drought Monitoring and Prediction in the United States

Towards the Improvement of Drought Monitoring and Prediction in the United States Shraddhanand Shukla Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Dennis P. Lettenmaier Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Drought and heat waves resulted in economic losses of $171 billion in the United States between 1980 and 2007, losses which emphasize the need for a proactive risk management approach for drought management. The motivation for this study is to develop and evaluate approaches and tools to improve drought monitoring and prediction in the U.S., through the use of advanced macroscale hydrologic models and weather/climate forecasts. The value of a macroscale hydrologic model-based Drought Monitoring System (DMS) was assessed in terms of its potential use as a droughtmonitoring tool in Washington State. The results show that had the DMS indicators been available during four major droughts from 1976 on, they would have detected the onset and recovery of drought conditions, in many cases, up to four months before state drought declarations. Subsequently, the relative contributions of the sources of seasonal hydrologic and drought predictability (i.e., initial hydrologic conditions (IHCs) and climate forecast skill) were identified over the Contiguous U.S. (CONUS). This analysis indicated that improvement in hydrologic forecasts can result from better knowledge of IHCs in the western U.S. during spring and summer. On the other hand, improved climate forecast skill is needed to improve hydrologic and drought forecast skill in most parts of the northeastern and southeastern U.S. throughout the year and in the western U.S. during fall and winter months. The effect of medium range weather forecast skill (i.e. 14 days) on seasonal hydrologic/drought forecast skill was then investigated. The analysis indicated that medium-range weather forecasts have the potential to improve seasonal hydrologic forecast skill beyond the initial hydrologic condition effect at 1-month leadtime and, in some cases, up to 3 months. Finally, the value of dynamical in contrast with statistical downscaling of seasonal climate forecasts was evaluated in terms of resulting improvement in seasonal hydrologic forecast skill. This analysis identified that dynamical downscaling does somewhat increase the seasonal hydrologic forecast skill over some parts of the Northwestern and North Central U.S.