Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Diameter and Average Diameter of Undirected Double-loop Networks

As the diameter of an undirected double-loop network represents its maximum transmission delay of information, the average diameter of an undirected double-loop network represents its average transmission delay of information. However, up to now the diameter has been received much more emphasis than the average diameter. A method to calculate the diameter as well as the average diameter is proposed. It is found out that, (a) for some fixed there may exist several tight-optimal undirected double-loop networks, but their average diameters may not reach the same minimum value, (b) for some fixed N the average diameters of their tight-optimal undirected double-loop networks are not smaller than those of their 1-tight even 2-tight optimal undirected double-loop networks. These findings tell us that an undirected double-loop network may have an optimal diameter but has not an optimal average diameter, so not only the diameter but also the average diameter should be taken into account in designing an optimal double-loop network. An undirected double-loop network with an optimal diameter and an optimal average diameter is defined as a dual-optimal double-loop network.
Optimizing Phosphorus Application Rate and the Mixed Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria Can Improve the Phosphatase Activity and Organic Acid Content in Alfalfa Soil

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important high-quality legume forage, and phosphorus is an important nutrient element for high-quality and high-yield of alfalfa. This study assessed the effects bacteria and phosphorus (P) use efficiency of alfalfa soil under different P applications. In this experiment, a two-factor complete randomized block design was used. Four bacterial treatments were as follows: Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Bacillus megaterium (Bm), double inoculation (Fm × Bm) and no inoculation bacteria (CK). There are four levels of phosphorus treatment, namely: phosphorus application 0 (P0), 50 (P1), 100 (P2), 150 mgkg-1 (P3). There were 16 treatments in total, and each treatment was repeated 6 times. The results showed that the effects of single inoculation and mixed inoculation were significantly higher than those of noninoculation (P < 0.05). With the increase in phosphorus application, each index increased first and then decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) and organic matter (SOM) content in soi lincreased with the increase of cutting times, and the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the top three treatments were J3P2 > J3P1 > J3P3. Therefore, when (P2O5) was 100 mgkg-1, the mixed inoculation of Fm × Bm could improve the phosphatase activity in alfalfa soil, promote the secretion of organic acids in rhizosphere soil and then improve the content of soil fertility.
Effect of equity and non-equity cooperation on firm product and process innovation: the moderating role of absorptive capacity

ABSTRACT This study examines the influences of equity and non-equity cooperation (equity cooperation involves equity sharing or exchange, while non-equity does not) on firms’ product and process innovation from a knowledge-based perspective. The moderating effects of potential and realised absorptive capacity are also explored. In particular, the results of a survey of 281 firms in China show that equity cooperation has a stronger positive effect on process innovation than non-equity cooperation, whereas non-equity cooperation has a stronger positive effect on product innovation than equity cooperation. We further find that potential absorptive capacity enhances the relationship between non-equity cooperation and innovation (both product and process), and realised absorptive capacity enhances the relationship between equity cooperation and innovation (both product and process).
Ahé en castellano medieval y su funcionalización narrativa en el Cantar de mio Cid

El presente artículo ofrece un análisis de los usos narrativos de (a)hé en el Cantar de mio Cid. Se mostrará que la peculiar construcción sintáctica encabezada por este elemento deíctico-presentativo constituye un importante recurso lingüístico cuyas propiedades semánticas y pragmáticas las aprovecha el narrador medieval no solamente para dirigir de modo expresivo la atención de su público y escenificar eventos imprevistos y sorprendentes (miratividad), sino también como marcador macrotextual.
Empathy and prosocial behaviour in early childhood: A review

The ability to empathise and understand others' emotions has been shown to have an impact on social interactions and prosocial behaviours. The objective of this review was to exploring the effect of parental empathy on the development of early childhood empathy and prosocial development. Seven databases were searched, including Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar. A quality assessment rating showed studies relatively strong in methodology. The findings highlighted the association between empathetic parenting and the development of prosocial behaviour and empathy in early childhood. Research concluded that the quality of parental empathy was important alongside the increasing age of the child. Clinical studies would aid understanding into parental empathy, child empathy and prosocial behaviours.
MAPEO DE SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS CULTURALES EN ARUBA DEL SUR DEL CARIBE

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los lugares donde los turistas experimentan mayor satisfaccion de los servicios ecosistemicos culturales (recreacion y apreciacion estetica) en Aruba. Se utilizo la metodologia Sistema de Informacion Geografica Participativos para mapear los servicios ecosistemicos. Aruba tiene dos tipos de turistas: turistas de estancia (que pasan al menos una noche en Aruba) y turistas de cruceros (aquellos que no pasan la noche). Los datos se obtuvieron mediante entrevistas a los turistas utilizando el mapeo participativo en octubre y noviembre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. Se utilizaron datos de mapeo participativo de los ciudadanos locales de un estudio anterior. Se determino los puntos criticos (zonas con abundancia de eventos) esteticos y recreativos de los turistas. Se comparo los puntos criticos de los turistas con los puntos criticos de los residentes locales y los puntos criticos de los turistas de crucero con los turistas de estancia. Los turistas y ciudadanos locales indicaron que California Lighthouse fue un punto critico estetico y que Eagle Beach fue un punto critico recreativo. Los turistas y ciudadanos locales estuvieron en desacuerdo respecto al valor estetico de Palm Beach y el Parque Nacional Arikok y respecto al valor recreativo de Surfside Beach. Se concluye que Eagle Beach, Palm Beach y California Lighthouse son zonas de mucho interes y que hay similitudes y diferencias en la percepcion de las partes interesadas sobre los puntos criticos esteticos y recreativos de Aruba.
A Novel Method to Stimulate Lymphatic Clearance of Beta-Amyloid from Mouse Brain Using Non-invasive Music-Induced Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier with EEG Markers

The lymphatic system of the brain meninges and head plays a crucial role in the clearance of amyloid-β protein (Aβ), a peptide thought to be pathogenic in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), from the brain. The development of methods to modulate lymphatic clearance of Aβ from the brain coild be a revolutionary step in the therapy of AD. The opening of the blood-brain barrier (OBBB) by focused ultrasound is considered as a possible tool for stimulation of clearance of Aβ from the brain of humans and animals. Here, we propose an alternative method of non-invasive music-induced OBBB that is accompanied by the activation of clearance of fluorescent Aβ (Fαβ) from the mouse brain. Using confocal imaging, fluorescence microscopy and magnetic resonance tomography, we clearly demonstrate that OBBB by music stimulates the movement of Fαβ and Omniscan in the cerebrospinal fluid and lymphatic clearance of Fαβ from the brain. We propose the extended detrended fluctuation analysis (EDFA) as a promising method for the identification of OBBB markers in the electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns. These pilot results suggest that music-induced OBBB and the EDFA analysis of EEG can be a non-invasive, low cost, labelling free, clinical perspective and completely new approach for the treatment and monitoring of AD.
A computational approach for solving fractional Volterra integral equations based on two-dimensional Haar wavelet method

In this paper, an operational matrix (OM) method based on two-dimensional Haar wavelets (2D-HWs) is proposed for solving generalized 2D fractional Volterra integral equations (2D-FVIEs). The proposed method converts these equations into an algebraic equations system. Presenting theorems, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the mentioned equations and estimate the error bound for function approximation. Our method validity and applicability are demonstrated through some examples.
Performance Simulation of the Payload IMR and MICAP Onboard the Chinese Ocean Salinity Satellite

The Chinese Ocean Salinity Satellite is dedicated to global sea surface salinity (SSS) mapping with two payloads onboard, which are the interferometric microwave radiometer (IMR) and the microwave imager combined active and passive (MICAP), both using the interferometric aperture synthesis radiometry. One of the payloads is an L-band interferometric radiometer system with a Y-shaped antenna array. The other one, MICAP, is a 1-D passive/active combined system, where the L-, C-, and K-band interferometric radiometers’ antenna arrays are arranged in a line, and the active device is an L-band scatterometer. Based on the payload configurations, a series of simulations is applied to analyze the payloads performance, including the brightness temperature (TB) characteristic, the SSS accuracy, and the effects of Sun and land contamination. The TB simulation results show that the IMR possesses a finer spatial resolution compared to the MICAP L-band radiometer, whereas the latter achieves a better TB radiometric resolution. With the assistance of the C- and K-band radiometers and the L-band scatterometer, the combined retrieval accuracy improves compared with the SSS retrieved using only L-band TB and auxiliary parameters. The best accuracy of SSS is achieved when considering all the available measurements from two payloads together in a combined retrieval. Finally, the results related to Sun and land contamination that endanger the interferometric radiometer measurements are presented and discussed. The performance simulation in this article has been used as a reference for the design phase of two payloads and will be updated with the development of payload manufacture.
Pre-trial Gaze Stability Predicts Momentary Slips of Attention

Our ability to maintain focus on a task waxes and wanes. Recent research suggests that eye-tracking may be a useful tool to capture the momentary slips of attention. In this paper, we show that pre-trial gaze stability predicted momentary slips of attention on the upcoming trial. In two visual search tasks, we asked participants to stabilize their gaze on a fixation cross before the search array appeared. We recorded participants’ manual responses and eye movements as they searched for the target. We also occasionally presented thought probes to examine whether participants were mind-wandering on a subset of trials. Results from the two tasks revealed a converging pattern: lower pre-trial gaze stability predicted worse performance in the upcoming trial. Specifically, participants had longer response times, were more influenced by distractors, and inspected the target for a longer duration. Participants also reported greater mind-wandering at the end of the trial if they had low pre-trial gaze stability. Overall, these findings suggest that pre-trial gaze stability is a simple and objective measure that can predict moments of inattention, which may be used to proactively curb its negative effects before the actual task starts.
Religious freedom and the right against religious discrimination: Democracy as the missing link

The article puts forward a novel democratic framework to rethink the relationships between religious freedom and religious discrimination. First, it makes a case for a unifying normative basis for all religious interests grounded in a democratic framework, which emphasises the dual dimension of religious interests, both as negative rights protecting individual autonomy against interferences as well as positive rights of participation. Second, it builds upon this democratic framework to revisit the relationships between discrimination law and religious freedom and guard against trends to subject discrimination law claims to preliminary (higher) thresholds. Third, the article examines how contextual balancing exercises between competing interests should (and to a large extent have) become a key unifying feature of both routes and draws from the democratic framework insights as to how these balancing exercises should be carried out.
PROBLEMATIKA DAN EFEK NEGATIF PEMBELAJARAN DARING SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19

Covid-19 pandemic has had a tremendous impact on the world of education. It has been almost a year that we have implemented online learning to reduce activities outside the home and our support for government programs to break the chain of spreading the Covid-19 virus. But in fact, the application of online learning is not as easy as imagined. This study aims to reveal the problems and negative effects of the application of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. The technique used is a literature review by collecting several previous articles that are relevant to this research. The results of this study indicate that the main problems in online learning are limited facilities such as Internet networks and electronic devices, lack of adequate human resources, students' lack of awareness of education and lack of support from parents of students. While the negative effects that arise from online learning are reduced motivation and activeness of students, loss of social life in students, stress for parents and students and the growth of maladaptive attitudes in students such as laziness and cheating.
Effect Of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (Ocb) On Employee Performance Through Job Satisfaction As An Inetervening Variables

Human Resources are the main support in an organization / company. Human resource also plays an important role in improving the performance, productivity and effectiveness of the organization. Good Quality human resources will support the organization in achieving organizational goals. Organizational citizenship behavior is a behavior (extra role) and an important element for the company. This study aims to determine the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on employee performance, the effect of organizational citizenship behavior on job satisfaction and intervening job satisfaction on organizational citizenship behavior on and employee performance. This research is quantitative study, the research subject these are PT Imasco Asiatic employees totaling 5 people. Data collection using questionnaires and data analysis using path analysis. The result of this study are first, organizational citizenship behavior has a significant effect employee performance. Second, organizational citizenship behavior effect the job satisfaction obtained. The last, organizational citizenship behavior don't have a significant effect on employee performance through job satisfaction. Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavioron, Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction
Media as a Source of Sexual Socialization for Emerging Adults

This chapter examines the role of three medium types—television and films, music and music videos, and pornography—in the sexual socialization of emerging adults. For television/films and music/music videos, researchers have found that increased exposure to both is associated with more gendered sexual beliefs and more sexually permissive attitudes and expectations. There is also evidence that exposure to mainstream television and movies is related to a variety of sexual behaviors, including age at sexual debut, sexual experience, and risky sexual behaviors. The literatures on music/music videos and pornography share a common interest in sexism, reporting that both types of media exposure are related to sexist beliefs and lax perceptions of sexual aggression. Pornography consumption is also correlated with more negative body image and higher relational dissatisfaction, which have consequences for the quality of emerging adults’ sexual experiences.
Only Smooth Rule Bases Can Generate Monotone Mamdani–Assilian Models Under Center-of-Gravity Defuzzification

At first sight, it seems that ordered linguistic values for all input variables and the output variable and a set of rules describing a monotone system are all that is needed for a monotone model. However, this is not the case. In this study, we show that the choice of the mathematical operators used when calculating the model output and the properties of the membership functions in the output domain are also of crucial importance to obtain a monotone input-output behavior. In the Mamdani-Assilian models considered in this study, the linguistic values of the input variables, as well as the output variable, are described by trapezoidal membership functions that form a fuzzy partition, the rule base is monotone, and the crisp output is obtained by the center-of-gravity (COG) defuzzification method. It is verified that for each of the three basic t-norms, i.e., the minimum TM, the product TP, and the Lukasiewicz t-norm TL, a monotone input-output behavior is obtained for any monotone rule base, or at least for any monotone smooth rule base. The outcome of this study is a guideline for designers of monotone linguistic fuzzy models. For the t-norms TM and TL, models with a single input variable show a monotone input-output behavior for any monotone rule base when the linguistic output values in the consequents of the rules are defined by trapezoidal or triangular membership functions with intervals of changing membership degrees of equal length. The latter restriction can easily be bypassed by an auxiliary interpolation procedure. For the t-norm TP, models with a single input variable show a monotone input-output behavior for any monotone rule base and any fuzzy output partition. When designing a monotone model with more than one input variable, one should opt for the t-norm TP and use a monotone smooth rule base. It is shown that monotonicity of models with two input variables that apply TP is guaranteed for any monotone smooth rule base and any fuzzy output partition. Finally, it is proved that a monotone input-output behavior is always obtained for models with three input variables that apply TP and a monotone smooth rule base when the linguistic output values in the consequents of the rules are defined by trapezoidal or triangular membership functions of identical shape.
Green Space and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Background: Exposure to greenspace has been proposed to be beneficially associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many studies have explored this topic, but the results remain conflicting. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological evidence on this topic by performing a systematic review with meta-analysis. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for studies on the green space-cardiovascular disease (CVD) relationship that were published till May 12th, 2021. Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and risk of bias assessment. For studies providing detailed numeric data, we conducted quantitative meta-analyses and calculated the pooled odd ratios (ORs) for associations between the most commonly used greenspace exposure (normalized difference vegetative index [NDVI]) and six CVD events: CVD mortality, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, stroke incidence/prevalence, and coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence/prevalence. Sensitivity analyses and publication bias tests were also conducted. Findings: Of the 6229 records identified, 48 studies were eligible for inclusion. These studies covered 18 countries and included data from more than 100 million persons. Meta-analyses showed that a 0∙1 increase in NDVI was associated with 2-13% lower odds of CVD mortality (OR 0∙97, 95% CI 0∙96-0∙99, I2 95∙8%), IHD mortality (OR 0∙98, 95% CI 0∙96-1∙00, I2 90∙7%), stroke incidence/prevalence (OR 0∙97, 95% CI 0∙96-0∙99, I2 29∙6%), and CHD incidence/prevalence (OR 0∙87, 95% CI 0∙83-0∙91, I2 0∙0%). The pooled estimates were not substantially different in sensitive analyses. No evidence of publication bias was detected. Interpretation: We provide strong and robust evidence for beneficial effects of greenspace exposure on cardiovascular health. More prospective studies and mechanistic studies are needed. Funding: The Natural Science Foundation of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China; the National Natural Science Foundation of China. Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests.
Optimal dissolution and viscoelastic behavior of polyamide-66 in formic acid for membrane fabrication

High-performance polymeric membrane technology is rapidly developing worldwide with the introduction of new materials and processes. Considerable research efforts are being made to establish a polymer membrane that can be used for ultrafiltration (UF) or nanofiltration (NF) applications. The development of modified polyamide-66 polymer and its compatibility in wastewater are essential elements in the quest for advances and improvements in membrane technology. The optimized conditions for membrane synthesis are critical in making it commercially viable. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to find the optimum dissolution of polyamide-66 in formic acid. A model was developed and validated with experimental data, and it showed good agreement with R2 0.9984. The optimized condition for minimizing viscosity was determined. For minimum viscosity (3.64cp), the optimum temperature and wt. % were 20? C and 0.6, respectively.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOREST MANGGOSTEEN (Garcinia hombroniana Pierre) FRACTION USING DPPH AND ABTS METHOD

This study was carried out to determine the active antioxidant fraction of Garcinia hombroniana bark extract by the DPPH and ABTS method. Along with this, the study also attempts to identify the class of compounds present in the various extract of G. hombroniana by the active fraction. The bark extract of G. hombroniana was prepared by the multilevel maceration method by using three solvents including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 96% ethanol. Results of study suggested that n-hexane (HSE), ethyl acetate (EASE) and ethanol 96% extract (ESE) have antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 423 ± 16.72 μg/mL, 284.89 ± 2. 7μg/mL, and 10.49 ± 0.19 μg/mL in DPPH assay, while these extracts showed IC50 value of 560.92 ± 48.86 μg/mL, 430.18 ± 16.65 μg/mL, and 13.92 ± 0.57 μg/mL respectively in ABTS assay. Further, fractionated using vacuum column chromatography revealed the presence of five fractions viz., A, B, C, D, and E. Among these, fractions D showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.83 ± 0.18 μg/mL and 6.82 ± 0.31 μg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays. Results of the fractioned analysis and qualitative determination showed that the active fraction of G. hombroniana contained flavonoid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, and saponin compounds, and antioxidant activities of these extracts might be due to the presence of these active ingredients.