Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser.) reveals fruit development, composition and ripening genetic characteristics

Abstract Momordica charantia L. var. abbreviata Ser. (Mca), known as bitter gourd or bitter melon, is a Momordica variety with medicinal value and belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. In view of the lack of genomic information on bitter gourd and other Momordica species and to promote Mca genomic research, we assembled a 295.6-Mb telomere-to-telomere (T2T) high-quality Mca genome with six gap-free chromosomes after Hi-C correction. This genome is anchored to 11 chromosomes, which is consistent with the karyotype information, and comprises 98 contigs (N50 of 25.4 Mb) and 95 scaffolds (N50 of 25.4 Mb). The Mca genome harbors 19 895 protein-coding genes, of which 45.59% constitute predicted repeat sequences. Synteny analysis revealed variations involved in fruit quality during the divergence of bitter gourd. In addition, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by high-throughput sequencing and metabolic analysis showed that momordicosides and other substances are characteristic of Mca fruit pulp. A combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the mechanisms of pigment accumulation and cucurbitacin biosynthesis in Mca fruit peels, providing fundamental molecular information for further research on Mca fruit ripening. This report provides a new genetic resource for Momordica genomic studies and contributes additional insights into Cucurbitaceae phylogeny.
A SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH STUDY OF DEBRIS DISKS AROUND PLANET-HOST STARS

Since giant planets scatter planetesimals within a few tidal radii of their orbits, the locations of existing planetesimal belts indicate regions where giant planet formation failed in bygone protostellar disks. Infrared observations of circumstellar dust produced by colliding planetesimals are therefore powerful probes of the formation histories of known planets. Here we present new Spitzer infrared spectrograph (IRS) spectrophotometry of 111 solar-type stars, including 105 planet hosts. Our observations reveal 11 debris disks, including two previously undetected debris disks orbiting HD 108874 and HD 130322. Combining the 32 μm spectrophotometry with previously published MIPS photometry, we find that the majority of debris disks around solar-type stars have temperatures in the range 60 ≲ Tdust ≲ 100 K. Assuming a dust temperature Tdust = 70 K, which is representative of the nine debris disks detected by both IRS and MIPS, debris rings surrounding Sun-like stars orbit between 15 and 240 AU depending on the mean particle size. Our observations imply that the planets detected by radial-velocity searches formed within 240 AU of their parent stars. If any of the debris disks studied here have mostly large, blackbody emitting grains, their companion giant planets must have formed in a narrow region between the ice line and 15 AU.
A Block Alternating Optimization Method for Direction-of-Arrival Estimation With Nested Array

In this paper, direction-of-arrival estimation using nested array is studied in the framework of sparse signal representation. With the vectorization operator, a new real-valued non-negative sparse signal recovery model, which has a wider virtual array aperture, is built. To leverage celebrated compressive sensing algorithms, the continuous parameter space has to be discretized to a number of fixed grid points, which inevitably incurs modeling error caused by off-grid gap. To remedy this issue, a block alternating optimization method is put forth that jointly estimates the sparse signal and refines the locations of grid points. Specifically, inspired by the majorization minimization, the proposed method iteratively minimizes a surrogate function majorizing the given objective function, where only a single block of variables are updated per iteration while the remaining ones are kept fixed. The proposed method features affordable computational complexity, and numerical tests corroborate its superior performance relative to existing alternatives in both overdetermined and underdetermined scenarios.
Socket shield technique versus conventional immediate implant placement in thin buccofacial bone to evaluate buccal bone resorption

Objectives: The alveolar ridge resorbs and collapses following tooth removal which continues to be a major concern for practitioners. Many researchers concluded that buccal aspect of the ridge is more prone to resorption, as it is primarily supplied by the periodontal tissues and ligaments of the tooth1. Recently, several papers were published concerning the socket shield technique explaining how to maintain the ridge width and height. Socket shield technique aids at retaining the buccal fragment of root in place thus placing the implant behind the lingual aspect of that fragment so as aid in preventing the collapsing of the buccal bone. This would help in improving aesthetics especially during immediate implant placement in the anterior maxillary region (schroop et al, 2003). Materials and Methods: The patient passed through phase I therapy (Supragingival scaling, subgingival debridement and oral hygiene instructions) before any surgical procedures.
ADMET informatics of Plant Derived n-Hexadecanoic Acid (Palmitic Acid) from ethyl acetate fraction of Moringa oleifera leaf extract

Palmitic Acid (PA) is known to exert multiple fundamental biological functions at cellular and tissue levels and its steady concentration is guaranteed by its endogenous synthesis by DNL. PA has been for a long time negatively represented for its detrimental health effects tailing its essential physiological attributes. PA has been portrayed to serve as a signalling molecule regulating the progression and development of many diseases at molecular level. Controversial data on the association of dietary PA with detrimental health effects has been related to several parameters such as fatty acid/ macronutrient imbalance by altered lipid metabolism, positive energy balance, excessive intake of carbohydrates, imbalance of dietary PA/PUFA, physiopathological conditions, presence of enhanced DNL and sedentary lifestyle. This may result in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, increased ectopic fat accumulation and increased inflammatory tone indicating that clear understanding of system based PA metabolism is still lacking. In the present study an attempt has been made to bring out the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxicity profile of PA. Results are expected to have some implications in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulates pathophysiological events involved in hyperglycemia/ hyperlipidemia-induced complications associated with diabesity and CVD. Besides it may provide a better understanding to identify key molecular targets for therapeutic management of PA induced metabolic disorders. Keywords: Moringa oleifera; MOLE; Bioactive Secondary Metabolites; ADME/Tox; Natural Products (NPs); PBNPs; PDHA; n-Hexadecanoic Acid (nHDA); Palmitic Acid (PA)
Elementary Calculus: An Infinitesimal Approach

Real and hyperreal numbers. Differentiation. Continuous functions. Integration. Limits, analytic geometry, and approximations. Applications of the integral. Trigonometric functions. Exponential and logarithmic functions. Infinite series. Vectors. Partial differentiation. Multiple integrals. Vector calculus. Differential equations. Epilogue. Appendix. Answers to selected problems. Index.
Theory of optical rectification in a travelling wave structure

This thesis is concerned with the interaction of an optical wave with a microwave in a waveguiding structure coupled by a second order nonlinearity. Emphasis is laid upon the generation of ultrashort electrical transients via optical rectification (OR) as well as cascading effects due to the interplay of OR and the linear electro-optic effect. A simple transmission line model is introduced to explain qualitatively the basic physical mechanisms of an externally induced polarisation in a travelling wave structure. For a quantitative description, evolution equations for the overall interaction between the microwave and the optical wave based on a coupled mode formalism are developed. The basic properties of the structure under consideration are discussion and techniques for their evaluation are introduced. A set of corresponding parameters for typical structures is estimated and used for calculations throughout the thesis. The generation of electrical signals from optical waves via OR is discussed in detail for the cases of single and mixed polarization optical modes in the structure. The self phase modulation due to cascading of OR and the electro-optic effect is elucidated. It is shown that continuous wave solutions of the conservative system are modulationally unstable in a large range of relevant system parameters. The possibility of formation of solitary waves due to the mutual interaction of optical wave and microwave is considered in the context of long wave short wave interaction. Basic properties of bright stationary solutions and their excitation are discussed. The possibility of formation of solitons due to microwave self-interaction is illuminated. The linear stability of bright solitary waves is investigated. The observed oscillations and radiation of perturbed propagated bound states are explained by the existence of discrete, quasi-bond internal modes of the stationary solutions. Collision scenarios are addressed.
Presupposition and Assertion in Dynamic Semantics

Part I. Theories of Presupposition: 1. Introduction 2. Presuppositions and how to spot them 3. Multivalence and partiality 4. Cancellation and filtering 5. Dynamic semantics 6. Accommodation Part II. A Dynamic Account: 7. Two birds and one stone 8. A bit like English 9. Presupposition and modality in ABLE 10. Let's get real! 11. Connections and directions 12. Conclusions.
Litter and root traits control soil microbial composition and enzyme activities in 28 common subtropical tree species

Plant trait‐based approaches are frequently used to explore the linkages between above‐ground plant communities and below‐ground ecosystem functions. However, the role of plant leaf litter and living root traits in driving soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities has rarely been explored. Here, we measured the soil microbial biomass, community composition and enzyme activities related to carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) acquisition under 3‐year‐old monocultures of 28 common subtropical tree species in China. We found that plant leaf litter and absorptive root traits, including leaf litter C content, litter water holding capacity and root N content, were the three best predictors for soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. In particular, resource‐exploitative tree species with higher root N contents were associated with microbial communities with lower fungi to bacteria ratios and lower C‐ and P‐acquisition enzyme activities. Tree species with higher leaf litter water holding capacity were associated with microbial resource acquisition strategies for C and P acquisition. Synthesis: Our findings highlighted that plant leaf litter and root traits are important for mechanistically understanding the ecological linkage between the plant community and ecosystem functions.
Testing Einstein's weak equivalence principle with gravitational waves

A conservative constraint on Einstein's weak equivalence principle (WEP) can be obtained under the assumption that the observed time delay between correlated particles from astronomical sources is dominated by the gravitational fields through which they move. Current limits on the WEP are mainly based on the observed time delays of photons with different energies. It is highly desirable to develop more accurate tests that include the gravitational wave (GW) sector. The detection by the advanced LIGO/VIRGO systems of gravitational waves will provide attractive candidates for constraining the WEP, extending the tests to gravitational interactions with potentially higher accuracy. Considering the capabilities of the advanced LIGO/VIRGO network and the source direction uncertainty, we show that the joint detection of GWs and electromagnetic signals could probe the WEP to an accuracy down to 10(-10), which is one order of magnitude tighter than previous limits, and 7 orders of magnitude tighter than the multimessenger (photons and neutrinos) results by supernova 1987A.
Sign depth tests in multiple regression

The recently proposed simple but powerful sign depth tests depend on the order of the residuals. While one-dimensional explanatory variables provide a natural order, there exists no canonical order for multidimensional explanatory variables. For this scenario, we present different approaches for ordering multidimensional explanatory variables and compare them regarding their performance with respect to the stability of the ordering, the usability for non-metric explanatory variables, the computational time complexity, and in the context of testing in linear models including high-dimensional multiple regression. It is shown that the sign depth tests based on orderings given by pairwise distances perform best. They are much more powerful than the classical sign test and also than the F-test when not having normally distributed errors. They are competitive to the much more complicated robust Wald test based on efficient MM-estimation. Additionally, the sign depth tests are more appropriate for outlier robust model checks.
Extreme data compression for the CMB

We apply the Karhunen-Loeve methods to cosmic microwave background (CMB) data sets, and show that we can recover the input cosmology and obtain the marginalized likelihoods in Λ cold dark matter cosmologies in under a minute, much faster than Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. This is achieved by forming a linear combination of the power spectra at each multipole l, and solving a system of simultaneous equations such that the Fisher matrix is locally unchanged. Instead of carrying out a full likelihood evaluation over the whole parameter space, we need evaluate the likelihood only for the parameter of interest, with the data compression effectively marginalizing over all other parameters. The weighting vectors contain insight about the physical effects of the parameters on the CMB anisotropy power spectrum Cl. The shape and amplitude of these vectors give an intuitive feel for the physics of the CMB, the sensitivity of the observed spectrum to cosmological parameters, and the relative sensitivity of different experiments to cosmological parameters. We test this method on exact theory Cl as well as on a Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP)-like CMB data set generated from a random realization of a fiducial cosmology, comparing the compression results to those frommore » a full likelihood analysis using CosmoMC. Furthermore, after showing that the method works, we apply it to the temperature power spectrum from the WMAP seven-year data release, and discuss the successes and limitations of our method as applied to a real data set. « less
Challenges in the Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer, Evidence Gaps and Strategies for Improvement: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews

Simple Summary Oral cancer presents a worldwide incidence of 377,713 new cases and 177,757 deaths per year (GLOBOCAN, IARC, WHO). Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and has a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%. We aim to better understand, based on the evidence, and to discuss in depth, the reasons for the diagnostic delay of oral cancer by reviewing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. We also aim to, identify gaps in evidence, recommend future lines of research that should be implemented, and formulate strategies for improvement. Abstract Oral cancer is a growing problem, accounting for 377,713 worldwide new cases per year, and 177,757 deaths annually and representing a 5-year mortality rate close to 50%, which is a considerable mortality that has not decreased substantially in the last 40 years. The main cause of this high mortality is related to the diagnosis of a high percentage of oral cancers in advanced stages (stages III and IV) in which treatment is complex, mutilating or disabling, and ineffective. The essential cause of a cancer diagnosis at a late stage is the delay in diagnosis, therefore, the achievement of the objective of improving the prognosis of oral cancer involves reducing the delay in its diagnosis. The reasons for the delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer are complex and involve several actors and circumstances—patients, health care providers, and health services. In this paper, we present the results of a scoping review of systematic reviews on the diagnostic delay in oral cancer with the aim to better understand, based on the evidence, and discuss in depth, the reasons for this fact, and to identify evidence gaps and formulate strategies for improvement.
Biosorption of Synthetic Dye by Macrofungi

This research project aimed to provide an environmentally friendly method for the decolorization and biosorption of synthetic dye by utilizing fungi as biosorbents. The study was carried out by first growing the fungi in solid medium and then using the fungi as biosorbent to absorb dye in aqueous solution. In the first stage, screening experiments were carried out among 5 different types of fungi, and Pleurotus ostreatus was determined to have the highest growth rate. The Pleurotus ostreatus was recultivated with Remazol Brilliant Blue R dye to determine its dye removal ability. Pleurotus ostreatus sp. exhibited vigorous dye decolorization in agar medium within 2 days. By carrying out batch analysis, 4 parameters were examined, which were the effect of pH, surfactant concentration (Tween 80), salinity concentration and dosage of biosorbent. The results showed that the maximum dye decolourization by Pleurotus ostreatus can be achieved through establishing an acidic condition of pH 2, addition of 0.1mL of Tween 80, 0mg/l of sodium chloride concentration, and dosage of 8 plugs. Lastly, the experimental data was found to fit the Jovanovic Isotherm the most. In conclusion, Pleurotus ostreatus is capable of decolourizing and adsorbing dye particles in the dye aqueous solution.
Asian and Latino American Political Conceptualization: A Dual-Concept Model

A central challenge for citizens is to understand how their political system works. The classic “Levels of Conceptualization” measure proposed in The American Voter provided an answer for White Americans in the 1950s, but has limited relevance today for citizens of non-European ancestry. Expanding on the work of Campbell et al., this paper develops a measure of Political Conceptualization that combines views about parties and candidates with views on personal identity and ethnic fairness. The measure is based on open-ended responses in a survey of Asian Americans and Latinos. Results show how, across these quite different domains of politics, citizens vary in their Political Conceptualizations from narrow and concrete to broad and abstract. Results highlight the challenge for political organizers in building coalitions among citizens who vary in their understanding of how politics works.
Foundations of quantum theory and quantum information applications

This thesis establishes a number of connections between foundational issues in quantum theory, and some quantum information applications. It starts with a review of quantum contextuality and non-locality, multipartite entanglement characterisation, and of a few quantum information protocols. Quantum non-locality and contextuality are shown to be essential for different implementations of quantum information protocols known as quantum random access codes and quantum communication complexity protocols. I derive sufficient experimental conditions for tests of these quantum properties. I also discuss how the distribution of quantum information through quantum cloning processes can be useful in quantum computing. Regarding entanglement characterisation, some results are obtained relating two problems, that of additivity of the relative entropy of entanglement, and that of identifying different types of tripartite entanglement in the asymptotic regime of manipulations of many copies of a given state. The thesis ends with a description of an information processing task in which a single qubit substitutes for an arbitrarily large amount of classical communication. This result is interpreted in different ways: as a gap between quantum and classical computation space complexity; as a bound on the amount of classical communication necessary to simulate entanglement; and as a basic result on hidden-variable theories for quantum mechanics. I also show that the advantage of quantum over classical communication can be established in a feasible experiment.
Ischemic complications of dermal fillers

Dermal fillers have become increasingly popular as a cosmetic treatment for facial rejuvenation. Although these injections are generally considered to be safe, as the number of injections has increased, so has the rate of complications. Ischemic complications of fillers is critical and include vision loss, ophthalmoplegia, skin necrosis, and cerebral infarction. Knowing the anatomy well to optimally prevent and manage these serious complications. Prevention includes knowledge of the vascular anatomy of the facial area, as well as certain injection techniques such as aspiration, use of a smaller needle, and adoption of a larger cannula. The use of ultrasound has been a recent innovation in preventing and treating filler complications as well. The reversibility of fillers should also be considered when choosing a filler. Some hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers, including the newer ones on the market, are difficult to reverse and non-HA fillers and fat are irreversible. This review aims to discuss facial anatomy, the various ischemic filler complications, the prevention and management of these complications, and the relatively recent use of imaging as an adjunct.
One-loop Euclidean Einstein-Weyl gravity in de Sitter universe

By making use of the background field method, the one-loop quantization for Euclidean Einstein-Weyl quadratic gravity model on the de Sitter universe is investigated. Using generalized zeta function regularization, the on-shell and off-shell one-loop effective actions are explicitly obtained and one-loop renormalizability, as well as the corresponding one-loop renormalization group equations, are discussed. The so called critical gravity is also considered.