Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Past horizons in D-dimensional Robinson-Trautman spacetimes

We derive the higher dimensional generalization of Penrose--Tod equation describing past horizon in Robinson--Trautman spacetimes with a cosmological constant and pure radiation. Existence of its solutions in $D>4$ dimensions is proved using tools for nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. We show that this horizon is naturally a trapping and a dynamical horizon. The findings generalize results from D=4.
Viral lysis alters the optical properties and biological availability of 1 dissolved organic matter derived from picocyanobacteria 2 Prochlorococcus 3

21 Phytoplankton contribute almost half of the world's total primary production. The 22 exudates and viral lysates of phytoplankton are two important forms of dissolved 23 organic matter (DOM) in aquatic environments and fuel heterotrophic prokaryotic 24 metabolism. However, the effect of viral infection on the composition and biological 25 availability of phytoplankton-released DOM is poorly understood. Here, we 26 investigated the optical characteristics and microbial utilization of the exudates and 27 viral lysates of the ecologically important unicellular picophytoplankton 28 Prochlorococcus . Our results showed that Prochlorococcus DOM produced by viral lysis 29 (Pro-vDOM) with phages of three different morphotypes (myovirus P-HM2, siphovirus 30 P-HS2 and podovirus P-SSP7) had higher humic-like fluorescence intensities, lower 31 absorption coefficients and higher spectral slopes compared to DOM exuded by 32 Prochlorococcus (Pro-exudate). The results indicate that viral infection altered the 33 composition of Prochlorococcus -derived DOM and might contribute to the pool of 34 oceanic humic-like DOM. Incubation with Pro-vDOM resulted in a greater dissolved 35 organic carbon (DOC) degradation rate and decreases in the absorption spectral slope 36 and heterotrophic bacterial growth rate compared to incubation with Pro-exudate, 37 suggesting that Pro-vDOM was more bioavailable compared to Pro-exudate. In 38 addition, the stimulated microbial community succession trajectories were 39 significantly different between the Pro-exudate and Pro-vDOM treatments, indicating 40 that viral lysates play an important role in shaping the heterotrophic bacterial 41 community. Our study demonstrated that viral lysis altered the chemical composition 42 whether and how viral lysis affects Prochlorococcus dissolved organic matter (DOM). Our shows that viral alters the optical properties (such as the absorption coefficients, spectral slopes and fluorescence intensities) of released DOM and might contribute to a humic-like DOM pool and carbon sequestration in the ocean. Meanwhile, viral lysis also releases various trajectory the bacterial community. Our study highlights the importance of the DOM in
Iron Kα emission in type-I and type-II active galactic nuclei

The narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line is one of the main signatures of the reprocessing of X-ray radiation from the material surrounding supermassive black holes, and it has been found to be omnipresent in the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGN). In this work we study the characteristics of the narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line in different types of AGN. Using the results of a large Suzaku study we find that Seyfert 2s have on average lower Fe K$\alpha$ luminosities than Seyfert 1s for the same 10-50 keV continuum luminosity. Simulating dummy Sy1s and Sy2s populations using physical torus models of X-ray reflected emission, we find that this difference can be explained by means of different average inclination angles with respect to the torus, as predicted by the unified model. Alternative explanations include differences in the intensities of Compton humps or in the photon index distributions. We show that the ratio between the flux of the broad and narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line in the 6.35-6.45 keV range depends on the torus geometry considered, and is on average $<25\%$ and $<15\%$ for type I and type II AGN, respectively. We find evidence of absorption of the narrow Fe K$\alpha$ line flux in Compton-thick AGN, which suggests that part of the reflecting material is obscured. We estimate that on average in obscured AGN the reflected radiation from neutral material is seen through a column density which is 1/4 of that absorbing the primary X-ray emission. This should be taken into account in synthesis models of the CXB and when studying the luminosity function of heavily obscured AGN. We detect the first evidence of the X-ray Baldwin effect in Seyfert 2s, with the same slope as that found for Seyfert 1s, which suggests that the mechanism responsible for the decrease of the equivalent width with the continuum luminosity is the same in the two classes of objects.
One dimensional bosons: From condensed matter systems to ultracold gases

The physics of one-dimensional interacting bosonic systems is reviewed. Beginning with results from exactly solvable models and computational approaches, the concept of bosonic Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids relevant for one-dimensional Bose fluids is introduced, and compared with Bose-Einstein condensates existing in dimensions higher than one. The effects of various perturbations on the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid state are discussed as well as extensions to multicomponent and out of equilibrium situations. Finally, the experimental systems that can be described in terms of models of interacting bosons in one dimension are discussed.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL MACROSCOPIC QUANTUM DYNAMICS IN YBCO JOSEPHSON JUNCTIONS

We theoretically study classical thermal activation (TA) and macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) for a YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO) Josephson junction coupled with an LC circuit. The TA and MQT escape rate are calculated by taking into account the two-dimensional nature of the classical and quantum phase dynamics. We find that the MQT escape rate is largely suppressed by the coupling to the LC circuit. On the other hand, this coupling leads to the slight reduction of the TA escape rate. These results are relevant for the interpretation of a recent experiment on the MQT and TA phenomena in YBCO bi-epitaxial Josephson junctions.
Recommendations for Lyme Disease Studies Evaluating Tick-host Relationships

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is the vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent that causes Lyme disease in the United States. Studies investigating host-parasite interactions are valuable in understanding Ix. scapularis ecology, and, by extension, the transmission of the Lyme disease pathogen. Small mammals are important hosts for Ix. scapularis, particularly white-footed mice and deer mice from the genus Peromyscus. This group has also been used as model organisms in several fields and are frequently trapped to evaluate broad ecological concepts. Previous studies have suggested that identification marking mice with methods resulting in tissue has resulted in increased tick burdens, which may have consequences in ecological studies. The present study was designed to evaluate four mouse marking methods to determine if any method affects the tick burden on captured mice. Mice were captured biweekly using Sherman traps from May through September, in 2020. Upon capture, mice were assigned to one of four marking groups: blue dye animal marker (non-tissue damage control), lab tags, round tags, or ear punches. Month of capture influenced tick burdens. No significant differences were found using sex as predictors of total tick burden on captured mice, but the ear punch marking method resulted in more ticks than the blue dye control. There were no differences among the control and the two ear tagging marking methods. The overall tick burden did fluctuate between months, with August as the peak month. Ear tagging and blue dye animal marker should be considered for marking Peromyscus spp. for tick studies along with personal preferences, cost, ease of use, and durability.
Stable L\'evy processes in a cone

Ba\~nuelos and Bogdan (2004) and Bogdan, Palmowski and Wang (2016) analyse the asymptotic tail distribution of the first time a stable (L\'evy) process in dimension $d\geq 2$ exists a cone. We use these results to develop the notion of a stable process conditioned to remain in a cone as well as the the notion of a stable process conditioned to absorb continuously at the apex of a cone (without leaving the cone). As self-similar Markov processes we examine some of their fundamental properties through the lens of its Lamperti-Kiu decomposition. In particular we are interested to understand the underlying structure of the Markov additive process that drives such processes. As a consequence of our interrogation of the underlying MAP, we are able to provide an answer by example to the open question: If the modulator of a MAP has a stationary distribution, under what conditions does its ascending ladder MAP have a stationary distribution? We show how the two forms of conditioning are dual to one another. Moreover, we construct the null-recurrent extension of the stable process killed on exiting a cone, showing that it again remains in the class of self-similar Markov processes. In the spirit of several very recent works, the results presented here show that many previously unknown results of stable processes, which have long since been understood for Brownian motion, or are easily proved for Brownian motion, become accessible by appealing to the notion of the stable process as a self-similar Markov process, in addition to its special status as a L\'evy processes with a semi-tractable potential analysis.
Linear-in-distance resonance frequency mapping for quasi-distributed measurement based on an identical weak fiber Bragg grating array

This paper reports the real-time linear-in-distance sampling for a resonance frequency mapping system based on an identical weak fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array. Based on a function of an external clock for the sampling timing of uniform distance spacing, 100 identical weak FBGs could be interrogatedexamined with a high linearity of 0.9996 (R2).
Constant-Round YOSO MPC Without Setup

YOSO MPC (Gentry et al., Crypto 2021) is a new MPC framework where each participant can speak at most once. This models an adaptive adversary’s ability to watch the network and corrupt or destroy parties it deems significant based on their communication. By using private channels to anonymous receivers (e.g. by encrypting to a public key whose owner is unknown), the communication complexity of YOSO MPC can scale sublinearly with the total number N of available parties, even when the adversary’s corruption threshold is linear in N (e.g. just under N/2). It was previously an open problem whether YOSO MPC can achieve guaranteed output delivery in a constant number of rounds without relying on trusted setup. In this work, we show that this can indeed be accomplished. We demonstrate three different approaches: the first two (which we call YaOSO and YOSO-GLS) use two and three rounds of communication, respectively. Our third approach (which we call YOSO-LHE) uses O(d) rounds, where d is the multiplicative depth of the circuit being evaluated; however, it can be used to bootstrap any constant-round YOSO protocol that requires setup, by generating that setup within YOSO-LHE. Though YOSO-LHE requires more rounds than our first two approaches, it may be more practical, since the zero knowledge proofs it employs are more efficient to instantiate. As a contribution of independent interest, we introduce a verifiable state propagation UC functionality, which allows parties to send private message which are verifiably derived in the “correct” way (according to the protocol in question) to anonymous receivers. This is a natural functionality to build YOSO primitives on top of. Funded in part by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 669255 (MPCPRO) and No 803096 (SPEC).
Stippling of 20 Scalar Fields

-We propose a technique to represent two-dimensional data using stipples. While stippling is ollen regarded as an illustrative method, we argue that it is worth investigating its suitability for the visualization domain. For this purpose, we generalize the Linde-Buzo--Gray stippling algorithm for information visualization purposes to encode continuous and discrete 20 data. Our proposed modifications provide more control over the resulting distribution of stipples for encoding additional information into the representation, such as contours. We show different approaches to depict contours in stipple drawings based on locally adjusting the stipple distribution. Combining stipple-based gradients and contours allows for simultaneous assessment of the overall structure of the data while preserving important local details. We discuss the applicability of our technique using datasets from different domains and conduct observation-validating studies to assess the perception of stippled representations.
Statistics of leaders and lead changes in growing networks

We investigate various aspects of the statistics of leaders in growing network models defined by stochastic attachment rules. The leader is the node with highest degree at a given time (or the node which reached that degree first if there are co-leaders). This comprehensive study includes the full distribution of the degree of the leader, its identity, the number of co-leaders, as well as several observables characterizing the whole history of lead changes: number of lead changes, number of distinct leaders, lead persistence probability. We successively consider the following network models: uniform attachment, linear attachment (the Barabási–Albert model), and generalized preferential attachment with initial attractiveness.
Vizing-type bounds for graphs with induced subgraph restrictions

For any graphs $G$ and $H$, we say that a bound is of Vizing-type if $\gamma(G\square H)\geq c \gamma(G)\gamma(H)$ for some constant $c$. We show several bounds of Vizing-type for graphs $G$ with forbidden induced subgraphs. In particular, if $G$ is a triangle and $K_{1,r}$-free graph, then for any graph $H$, $\gamma(G\square H)\geq \frac{r}{2r-1}\gamma(G)\gamma(H)$. If $G$ is a $K_r$ and $P_5$-free graph for some integer $r\geq 2$, then for any graph $H$, $\gamma(G\square H)\geq \frac{r-1}{2r-3}\gamma(G)\gamma(H)$. We do this by bounding the power of $G$, $\pi(G)$. We show that if $G$ is claw-free and $P_6$-free or $K_4$ and $P_5$-free, then for any graph $H$, $\gamma(G\square H)\geq \gamma(G)\gamma(H)$. Furthermore, we show Vizing-type bounds in terms of the diameter of $G$.
Indirect Detection of Rotor Position of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Flux Linkage Analytic Model

– In this paper, a flux linkage model based on four magnetization curves fitting is proposed for three-phase 12/8 switched reluctance motor (SRM), with the analysis of the basic principle of flux detection method and function analysis method. In the model, the single value function mapping relationship between position angle and flux is established, which can achieve a direct estimation of rotor position. The realization scheme of SRM indirect position detection system is presented. It is proved by simulation and experiment that the proposed scheme is suitable for rotor position detection of SRM, and has high accuracy of position estimation.
Proportionate growth in patterns formed in the rotor-router model

We study the growing patterns formed in the rotor-router model by adding N walkers at the centre of an L × L two-dimensional square lattice, starting with a periodic background of arrows, and relaxing to a stable configuration. The pattern is made of a large number of triangular and quadrilateral regions, where in each region all arrows point in the same direction. We show that the pattern formed by arrows which have been rotated at least one full circle may be described in terms of a tiling of the plane by squares of different sizes. The sizes of these squares, and the size of the pattern, grow linearly with N for 1 ≪ N < 2L. We use the Brooks–Smith–Stone–Tutte theorem relating tilings of squares by smaller squares to resistor networks, to determine the exact relative sizes of these tiles for large N. The scaling limit of the number of visits φ(ξ, η) as a function of the scaled position (ξ, η) is also determined. We also present numerical evidence that the deviations of the sizes of the different squares in the tiling from the asymptotic linear growth law are always O(1), and are quasiperiodic functions of N.
Histological Abberations in Selected Organs of two Clariids Species obtained from Asa River, Nigeria

Gross impact of water pollution and water borne pollutants on aquatic organisms and man has become a great concern to public health in the recent time. Since fish gills are indirect contact with the environmental medium and are very sensitive to changes in water quality while fish liver serves as gate-keeper to the entire body of fish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pollutants from the polluted Asa River on the gills and liver histology of Clarias buthupogon and Heterobranchus longifilis . The sample included a total of 55 individuals (28 for C. buthupogon and 27 for H. longifilis ). There was a recorded moderate to intense alterations of gill tissues. The most notable alterations were congestion of blood vessels, desquamation, swelling of pillar cell, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the gill epithelium. Epithelial lifting of the basement membrane was common in virtually all sampled fish species, while circulatory disturbances were slightly pronounced. The liver showed congestion of central vein, degeneration of hepatocyte, sinusoidal distortion, cellular inflammation and necrosis. However, all histological alterations recorded in the gill and liver tissues were most likely to be caused by increased concentrations of certain pollutants from industrial, domestic and agricultural premises. Furthermore, these results represent an additional reason to proceed with a detailed monitoring of the Asa River and the wildlife therein, for the sake of public health.
Exact results for the temperature-field behavior of the Ginzburg–Landau Ising type mean-field model

We investigate the dependence of the order parameter profile, local and total susceptibilities on both the temperature and external magnetic field within the mean-field Ginzburg–Landau Ising type model. We study the case of a film geometry when the boundaries of the film exhibit strong adsorption to one of the phases (components) of the system. We do that using general scaling arguments and deriving exact analytical results for the corresponding scaling functions of these quantities. In addition, we examine their behavior in the capillary condensation regime. Based on the derived exact analytical expressions we obtained an unexpected result—the existence of a region in the phase transitions line where the system jumps below its bulk critical temperature from a less dense gas to a more dense gas before switching on continuously into the usual jump from gas to liquid state in the middle of the system. It is also demonstrated that on the capillary condensation line one of the coexisting local susceptibility profiles is with one maximum, whereas the other one is with two local maxima centered, approximately, around the two gas-liquid interfaces in the system.
An updated estimate of the number of Jupiter-family comets using a simple fading law

It has long been hypothesised that the Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) come from the scattered disc, an unstable planetesimal population beyond Neptune. This viewpoint has been widely accepted, but a few issues remain, the most prominent of which are the total number of visible JFCs with a perihelion distance q 2.3 km based on recent observational data. This is combined with numerical simulations that use a simple fading law applied to JFCs that come close to the Sun. For this we numerically evolve thousands of comets from the scattered disc through the realm of the giant planets and keep track of their number of perihelion passages with perihelion distance q 2.3 km and q<2.5 AU is of the order of 300 (but with large uncertainties), approximately a factor two higher than earlier estimates. The increased JFC population results in a scattered disc population of 6 billion objects and decreases the observed Oort cloud to scattered disc population ratio to 13, virtually the same as the value of 12 obtained with numerical simulations.
Solar Irradiance Variability and Climate

The brightness of the Sun varies on all timescales on which it has been observed, and there is increasing evidence that this has an influence on climate. The amplitudes of such variations depend on the wavelength and possibly the timescale. Although many aspects of this variability are well established, the exact magnitude of secular variations (going beyond a solar cycle) and the spectral dependence of variations are under discussion. The main drivers of solar variability are thought to be magnetic features at the solar surface. The climate response can be, on a global scale, largely accounted for by simple energetic considerations, but understanding the regional climate effects is more difficult. Promising mechanisms for such a driving have been identified, including through the influence of UV irradiance on the stratosphere and dynamical coupling to the surface. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of our knowledge, as well as of the main open questions.
Influence of collisional rate coefficients on water vapour excitation

Water is a key molecule in many astrophysical studies. Its high dipole moment makes this molecule to be subthermally populated under the typical conditions of most astrophysical objects. This motivated the calculation of various sets of collisional rate coefficients (CRC) for H$_2$O (with He or H$_2$) which are necessary to model its rotational excitation and line emission. We performed accurate non--local non--LTE radiative transfer calculations using different sets of CRC in order to predict the line intensities from transitions that involve the lowest energy levels of H$_2$O (E $<$ 900 K). The results obtained from the different CRC sets are then compared using line intensity ratio statistics. For the whole range of physical conditions considered in this work, we obtain that the intensities based on the quantum and QCT CRC are in good agreement. However, at relatively low H$_2$ volume density ($n$(H$_2$) $<$ 10$^7$ cm$^{-3}$) and low water abundance ($\chi$(H$_2$O) $<$ 10$^{-6}$), these physical conditions being relevant to describe most molecular clouds, we find differences in the predicted line intensities of up to a factor of $\sim$ 3 for the bulk of the lines. Most of the recent studies interpreting early Herschel Space Observatory spectra used the QCT CRC. Our results show that although the global conclusions from those studies will not be drastically changed, each case has to be considered individually, since depending on the physical conditions, the use of the QCT CRC may lead to a mis--estimate of the water vapour abundance of up to a factor of $\sim$ 3.