Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Intelligent Sliding Mode Control of a Photovoltaic Grid-Connected Inverter

Adaptive intelligent sliding mode control methods are developed for a single-phase photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected transformerless system with a boost chopper and a DC-AC inverter. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method is implemented in the boost part in order to extract the maximum power from the PV array. A global fast terminal sliding control (GFTSMC) strategy is developed for an H-bridge inverter to make the tracking error between a grid reference voltage and the output voltage of the inverter converge to zero in a finite time. A fuzzy-neural-network (FNN) is used to estimate the system uncertainties. Intelligent methods, such as an adaptive fuzzy integral sliding controller and a fuzzy approximator, are employed to control the DC-AC inverter and approach the upper bound of the system nonlinearities, achieving reliable grid-connection, small voltage tracking error, and strong robustness to environmental variations. Simulation with a grid-connected PV inverter model is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Neural Precursor Cells and CNS Radiation Sensitivity

The tolerance of normal brain tissues limits the radiation dose than can be delivered safely during cranial radiotherapy, and one of the potential complications that can arise involves cognitive impairment. Extensive laboratory data have appeared recently showing that hippocampal neurogenesis is significantly impacted by irradiation and that such changes are associated with altered cognitive function and involves, in part, changes in the microenvironment (oxidative stress, inflammation). While there is considerable uncertainty about exactly how these changes evolve, new in vitro and in vivo approaches have provided a means by which new mechanistic insights can be gained relevant to the topic. Together, the data from cell culture and animal-based studies provide complementary information relevant to a potentially serious complication of cranial radiotherapy, and should enhance our understanding of the tolerance of normal brain after cranial irradiation. critical differences between different populations of MNPs in the CNS (52,53). These findings strengthen the link between MNPs and brain tumor stem cells.
Spare parts demand forecasting: a review on bootstrapping methods

Accurate demand forecasts are essential to the inventory control of spare parts. There is a plethora of statistical methods developed in the academic literature to deal with the forecasting of spare parts demand. These methods belong to the parametric and the non-parametric approaches. Within the second approach, the bootstrapping methods are the most considered ones. Despite that bootstrapping methods have shown a good empirical performance in comparison with their parametric counterparts, none of the available studies highlight the necessity to bring together its related state of knowledge and critically review the relevant research advancements. The present paper bridges this gap by reviewing the literature that deals with the bootstrapping approach and by discussing some of its statistical properties. This yields a better understanding of its framework, and hence, retrieves more robust explanations of the observed mixed-performances of the available bootstrap-based forecasting methods. This paper reviews as well the service level models associated with the bootstrapping approach with an emphasis on the fill rate models.
Epigeneti cs: Modifying the Geneti c Blueprint

The sequence of the human genome represents our genetic blueprint. While it is now possible to draw direct connections between speciﬁ c DNA sequences and speciﬁ c physical features and to predict disease risk, the effects of certain genes can be masked by a process called “epigenetics. ” Here, I summarize our current understanding of epigenetics and it affects gene expression, with impacts on health and aging. The 20 was the ‘Century of (See This march of progress culminated in the ﬁ rst draft of the human genome sequence in 2001, which continues to be reﬁ ned. The human DNA sequence is regarded as the genetic instructions for our development, our health and our behavior. It contains information about form and function. By inspecting an individual’s DNA sequence, it is possible to deduce his or her gender, paternity, eye color, hair color, skin color and blood type, as well as a person’s risk for hundreds of single-gene inherited diseases. When and where each of our genes is expressed is determined by the actions of a complex network of protein and RNA molecules. Thus, each cell type or tissue in our body is distinguished by a unique combination of interactions that activate certain genes and silence others. In most cases, it appears that the decisions dictating whether a given gene is expressed or silent are actively maintained. The loss of the signal or factor responsible for a given state of gene expression will result in a change in expression. But normally, a given gene will function the same way in every cell of a tissue and in every individual who inherits a given state of that gene (dominant or recessive). Indeed, this idea underlies Mendel’s ﬁ rst law of inheritance, the “principle of uniformity. ” Basically, this states that the same combinations of genes will result in the same phenotype in each successive generation.
Risk-Reducing Mastectomy—A Review

Mastectomy rates have significantly increased over the last decades, likely due to the rising trend of risk-reducing mastectomies in the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. Growing evidence suggests that aggressive risk-reducing surgical strategies are only justified in high-risk breast cancer situations. Notably, in this selected cohort of women, prophylactic mastectomies offer evident benefit for local and contralateral disease control, and may also provide a survival benefit. Nevertheless, the extent of the increasing frequency of this operation is not explained by the broadening of the medical indications alone. Here we analyze the current evidence regarding risk-reducing mastectomies, its clinical practice, and possible explanations for the rising phenomenon of aggressive surgical locoregional control strategies.
Integrate-and-fire neuron circuit using positive feedback field effect transistor for low power operation

In this work, we fabricated a dual gate positive feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) integrated with CMOS. We investigated the DC and transient characteristics of the FBFET. The fabricated FBFET has an extremely low sub-threshold slope of less than 2.3 mV/dec and low off-current. We also propose an analog integrated-and-fire neuron circuit incorporating a FBFET, which significantly reduces the power dissipation of hardware neural networks. In a conventional neuron circuit using a membrane capacitor to integrate input pulses, most of the energy is consumed by the first inverter stage connected to the capacitor. Since the membrane capacitor is charged slowly compared to digital logic, a large amount of short-circuit current flows between Vdd and ground in the first inverter during this period. In the proposed neuron circuit, the short-circuit current is significantly suppressed by adopting a FBFET in the inverter. Through TCAD mixed mode simulation of the device and the circuit, we compare the energy consumption of a conventional and the proposed neuron circuits. In a single neuron circuit with microsecond duration pulses, 58% of the energy consumption is reduced by incorporating a FBFET. We performed SPICE compact modeling of FBFET, and its parameters were fitted to match the measurement results of the fabricated FBFET. Then, we conducted a circuit simulation to verify the operating neural networks. We implemented a single layer spiking neural network (SNN) that had resistive synaptic devices. In the SNN simulation, approximately 94% of the average power consumption of all output neurons was reduced.In this work, we fabricated a dual gate positive feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) integrated with CMOS. We investigated the DC and transient characteristics of the FBFET. The fabricated FBFET has an extremely low sub-threshold slope of less than 2.3 mV/dec and low off-current. We also propose an analog integrated-and-fire neuron circuit incorporating a FBFET, which significantly reduces the power dissipation of hardware neural networks. In a conventional neuron circuit using a membrane capacitor to integrate input pulses, most of the energy is consumed by the first inverter stage connected to the capacitor. Since the membrane capacitor is charged slowly compared to digital logic, a large amount of short-circuit current flows between Vdd and ground in the first inverter during this period. In the proposed neuron circuit, the short-circuit current is significantly suppressed by adopting a FBFET in the inverter. Through TCAD mixed mode simulation of the device and the circuit, we compare the energy c.
Discovery of selective non-small cell lung cancer toxins that target mitochondrial Complex I

Selective toxicity among cancer cells of the same lineage is a hallmark of targeted therapies. As such, identifying compounds that impair proliferation to a subset of non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines represents one strategy to discover new drugs for lung cancer. Previously, phenotypic screens of 202,103 compounds led to the identification of 208 selective NSCLC toxins 1 . The mechanism of action for the majority of these compounds remains unknown. Here, we discovered the target for a series of quinazoline diones (QDC) that demonstrate selective toxicity among 96 NSCLC lines. Using photoreactive probes, we found that the QDC binds to both mitochondrial Complex I of the electron transport chain and HADHA, which catalyzes long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Inhibition of Complex I is the on-target activity for QDC, while binding to HADHA is off-target. The sensitivity profile of the QDC across NSCLC lines correlated with the sensitivity profiles of six additional structurally distinct compounds. The anti-proliferative activity of these compounds is also the consequence of binding to mitochondrial Complex I, reflecting significant structural diversity among Complex I inhibitors. Small molecules targeting Complex I are currently in clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Our results highlight Complex I as a target in NSCLC and report seven structurally diverse scaffolds Author contributions N.M. designed and performed target identification and compound selectivity studies; B.H. synthesized all of the quinazoline dione analogs and probes used in this study; P.M. provided guidance on seahorse bioanalyzer experiments; J.F. C.M. screened quinazoline dione analogs to identify SW217808 ( 13 ), a p75-specific competitor; K.P. and R.B. performed LC-MS/MS analysis of hydroxyacylcarnitines; J.M. R. designed and supervised chemical synthetic strategies and target identification studies; D.N. designed and supervised target identification and compound selectivity studies. N.M. , D.N. and J.M. R. wrote the manuscript.
Optimized Parameters Design and Adaptive Duty-Cycle Adjustment for Class E DC–DC Converter With on‐off Control

The Class E dc–dc converter, with a simple topology and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for the power switch, can operate at a switching frequency of up to megahertz. In this paper, an optimized ZVS operation condition for minimizing the switch voltage stress, switch rms current, and switch voltage harmonic components is derived for the on‐off controlled Class E dc–dc converter by optimizing the time instant at which the switch voltage resonates back to zero. Based on this result, a step-by-step parameter design approach is proposed for a Class E dc–dc converter with a large input inductor, which avoids time-consuming simulations or complex numerical calculations. Then, a capacitance compensation approach is further proposed to extend the design results to a Class E dc–dc converter with a resonant input inductor. Furthermore, an adaptive duty-cycle adjustment scheme is proposed for reducing the reverse conduction loss of the power switch, thereby improving the conversion efficiency over the entire input voltage range. Finally, a prototype of a 20-MHz 10-W Class E dc–dc converter is built and tested in the laboratory, and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimized parameter design approach and the adaptive duty-cycle adjustment scheme.
Physician and Patient Behavior Time Allocation in Primary Care Ofﬁce Visits

Objectives. To use an innovative videotape analysis method to examine how clinic time was spent during elderly patients’ visits to primary care physicians. Secondary objectives were to identify the factors that inﬂuence time allocations. Data Sources. A convenience sample of 392 videotapes of routine ofﬁce visits conducted between 1998 and 2000 from multiple primary care practices in the United States, supplemented by patient and physician surveys. Research Design. Videotaped visits were examined for visit length and time devoted to specific topics——a novel approach to study time allocation. A survival analysis model analyzed the effects of patient, physician, and physician practice setting on how clinic time was spent. Principal Findings. Very limited amount of time was dedicated to specific topics in ofﬁce visits. The median visit length was 15.7 minutes covering a median of six topics. About 5 minutes were spent on the longest topic whereas the remaining topics each received 1.1 minutes. While time spent by patient and physician on a topic responded to many factors, length of the visit overall varied little even when contents of visits varied widely. Macro factors associated with each site had more inﬂuence on visit and topic length than the nature of the problem patients presented. Conclusions. Manytopicscompeteforvisittime,resultinginsmallamountoftimebeing spent on each topic. A highly regimented schedule might interfere with having sufﬁcient time for patients with complex or multiple problems. Efforts to improve the quality of care need to recognize the time pressure on both patients and physicians, the effects of ﬁnancial incentives, and the time costs of improving patient–physician interactions. we examined the effects of visit content complexity on talk times. Complexity was measured by the percent of time spent on each of the six groups of topics out of total talk time. In constructing a for patient initiation, we created a for the share of the topics all of the topics in the visit that were initiated by the patient. A similar approach was used to create variables for the share of topics in which the shown uncertainty, and the share of topics in which nonverbal cues of mood problems were observed in the patient. Analyses
Research and Application of Power Transmission Line Channel Based on Automation Planning Technology of UAV Inclination Photography Route

There are strips, undulations and complicated terrain in the power transmission line channels. The use of drones to collect oblique photographic data of channels requires consideration of various aspects such as the altitude of the tower, the course of the route, and the distance of take-off and landing. According to the characteristics of the power transmission line channel, the paper proposes a computer-implemented method that can automatically plan the tilting photography route of the power transmission line, thus helping the UAV to complete the image collection task of the power transmission line channel simply, accurately and quickly.
A novel single L‐shaped open slot antenna for octa‐band metal‐framed smartphones

A novel single L‐shaped open‐end slot antenna for octa‐band metallic frame smartphones is presented. The antenna mainly comprises an L‐shaped open slot and a simple LC circuit. The slot is placed at the top of the ground plane which is excited by the 50‐Ω feedline with a band‐stop match circuit. According to the proposed feeding arrangement, the antenna can cover all dual‐wideband LTE/WWAN operations at 698‐960 MHz and 1710‐2690 MHz. A prototype antenna is manufactured and tested. Experimental results such as return loss, radiation patterns, and radiation efficiencies are also presented.
Evaluation of an adaptive tutorial supporting the teaching of mathematics

ABSTRACT Adaptive tutorials enable engaged, personalised and interactive online learning that includes instant adaptive feedback. By integrating an adaptive tutorial into a large and diverse engineering mathematics course, we explored its potential to support and guide students’ learning from afar. The aim of this study was to assess whether students provided with an adaptive tutorial, could benefit from its use and whether they would engage in and take responsibility for their learning. Comparisons were made between students who did and did not use the tutorial. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses determined the impact of including an adaptive tutorial in a blended learning environment, where 58% of students engaged with the tutorial and 74% of them completed it. Improved confidence and understanding was reported by 98% of the participants. A comparison of examination results indicated that median scores for students who utilised the tutorial were significantly higher than those who did not.
Post-MI left ventricular myocyte remodeling: Are there gender differences in rats?

Background— Previous studies have shown gender differences in left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Results are varied, however, and reliable, comprehensive data for changes in cardiac myocyte shape are not available. Methods— Young adult female and male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study and randomly assigned to MI and sham MI groups respectively. MI was produced by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Four weeks after surgery, LV echocardiography and hemodynamics were performed before isolating myocytes for size determination. Results— In general, LV functional changes after MI were comparable. Females developed slightly, but significantly, more LV hypertrophy than males and this was reflected by the relative increases in LV myocyte volume. In both males and females, however, myocyte hypertrophy was due exclusively to lengthening of myocytes with no change in myocyte cross-sectional area. Conclusions— This study demonstrates that post-MI changes in LV function and myocyte remodeling are remarkably similar in young adult male and female rats.
Demonstration of Complement Fixing Antibody in the Sera of Cattle Vaccinated with Combined Living Blackleg-anthrax Vaccine

Complement fixing antibodies could be detected in the sera of cattle vaccinated with combined living blackleg-anthrax vaccine by modified complement fixation tests. Conventional direct complement fixation tests with bovine antibody-antigen systems often caused false negative reactions; however, in the modified test, when guinea pig complement was supplemented with fresh unheated normal rabbit serum, positive reactions were obtained and the sensitivity of the test was increased without loss of specificity.
New insights into the link between NAFLD and Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease?

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a systemic disorder that has been associated with a variety of chronic conditions including diabetes, renal disease and most significantly, cardiovascular diseases[1]. Mounting data now support a strong link between NAFLD and in particular, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) independent of known traditional risk factors[1–3]. The importance of this association is underscored by the observation that cardiovascular disease, in general, is the leading cause of death in individuals with NAFLD[4]. and prevalent
Ubiquitin and transcription The SCF Met30 /Met4 pathway, a (protein-) complex issue Ubiquitylation

U biquitylation has emerged as an omnipresent factor at all levels of transcriptional regulation. A recent study that describes the yeast transcriptional activator Met4 as a functional component of the very same ubiquitin ligase that regulates its own activity highlights the close relation between transcription and the ubiquitin proteasome system. can either mono or polyubiquitylate p53. Polyubiquitylation induces p53 degradation by the proteasome and monoubiquitylation signals for its nuclear export. 24 Both ubiquitylation events thus inactivate the nuclear function of p53, but monoubiquitylation protects cytosolic roles of p53. signals block SCF Met30 resulting in simultaneous activation of Met4 and stabilization of the Met4 bound co-factors to assemble the active Met4 complex. A constitutive second degradation pathway independent of SCF Met30-Met4 selectively removes unbound co-factors. Repression after disappearance of the stress signal induces ubiquitin-dependent co-factor degradation and Met4 inactivation.
Lesion Volume Estimation from TBI–MRI

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major problem affecting millions of people around the world every year. Usually, TBI results from any direct or indirect physical impact, sudden jerks, or blunt impacts to the head, leading to damage to the brain. Current research in TBI is focused on analyzing the biological and behavioral states of patients prone to such injuries. This paper presents a technique applied on MRI images in estimation of lesion volumes in brain tissues of traumatic brain-injured laboratory rats that were subjected to controlled cortical impacts. The lesion region in the brain tissue is estimated using segmentation of the brain, diffusion, and the damage regions. After the segmentation, the area of the damaged portion is estimated across each slice of MRI and the combined volume of damage is estimated through 3D reconstruction.
Assessments of wave-structure interactions for an oscillating wave surge converter using CFD

i Acknowledgements . iii Author’s Declaration . v List of Figures . x List of Tables . xvii Abbreviations . xviii Nomenclature . xix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Literature Review . 8 2.1 Wave-Structure Interactions . 8 2.2 Oscillating Wave Surge Converter (OWSC) . 10 2.3 Extreme Wave-Structure Interactions . 14 Chapter 3: Background of Wave Theory . 18 3.1 Water Wave Characteristics . 19 3.2 Linear Wave Theory . 21 3.3 Non-linear Wave Theory . 24 3.3.1 Stokes 2 nd Order Wave Theory . 24 3.3.2 Stokes 5 th Order Wave Theory . 25 3.3.3 Stream Function Wave Theory . 25 3.4 Focused Wave based on NewWave Theory . 26 Chapter 4: The Numerical Model . 31 4.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics . 31 4.2 Numerical Methods in OpenFOAM® . 33 4.2.1 Discretisation approach . 33 4.2.2 Governing equations for fluid flow. 34 4.2.3 Pressure-Velocity Coupling . 36 4.2. 4 Motion Solver . 38 4.2. 5 Meshing and Dynamic Mesh . 39 4.2. 6 Turbulence Modelling . 41 4.3 Wave Generation in a Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) . 45 4.3.1 Waves2Foam toolbox . 46 4.3.2 Simulation of regular wave progression in a NWT . 47