Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circulating Metabolites and Dental Traits: A Mendelian Randomization Study

It is of great importance to uncover causal biomarkers to gain insight into the pathogenesis of oral diseases and identify novel treatment targets for prevention and treatment thereof. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the causal effects of hundreds of metabolites on 10 dental traits using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of 309 known metabolites were used as instrumental variables. We selected 10 dental traits, including clinical measures of dental diseases, from the Gene–Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints Consortium and self-reported oral health data from the UK Biobank. The causal relationships between metabolites and dental traits were inferred using the inverse variance–weighted approach and further controlled for horizontal pleiotropy using 5 additional MR methods. After correcting for multiple tests, 5 metabolites were identified as causal biomarkers. Genetically predicted increased levels of mannose were associated with lower risk of bleeding gums (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.85; P = 9.9 × 10−5). MR also indicated 4 metabolites on the causal pathway to dentures, with fructose (OR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36–0.70; P = 5.2 × 10−5) and 1-palmitoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.56–0.81; P = 4.8 × 10−5) as potential protective factors and glycine (OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.11–1.35; P = 5.6×10−5) and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.14–1.52; P = 1.5 × 10−4) as risk factors. The causal associations were robust in various sensitivity analyses. We further observed some shared metabolites among different dental traits, implying similar biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenic processes. Finally, the pathway analysis revealed several significant metabolic pathways that may be involved in the development of dental disorders. Our study provides novel insights into the combination of metabolomics and genomics to reveal the pathogenesis of and therapeutic strategies for dental disorders. It highlighted 5 metabolites and several pathways as causal candidates, warranting further investigation.
Features of island ports and their classification in China: Taking Yangshan Port Island and Marine Island County as an example

China has numerous islands,which boast rich port resources,including some deep water port coastline close to island shore,and they are suitable for developing large deep water container port.At present the development level of island port resources is relatively low,and only Yangshan Port is well developed.In contrast,only small-scale ports can be found in the rest of the island counties.This paper analyzes the islands in Lorenz Curve(Gini coefficient) to find out if there is the development of cluster.Regression analysis was used to identify the correlation between port development and economic growth.By indices such as the scale of island port,location,hinterland,"inter-generation relation" of ports,and the connection of island and continent,China's island ports are classified into three types,and the characteristics of three different types of ports(Yangshan Port,Zhoushan Port and local small harbors) are analyzed.Based on the current global demand for sea transportation,and the trend of larger and larger ships being built to adapt to the development of deep water ports,this paper proposes and projects future directions in which deepwater island harbors can develop in the future.
Association between systemic immune-inflammatory markers and the risk of moyamoya disease: a case-control study

Abstract Background: Systemic immune-inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) are associated with the prognosis of many cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Moyamoya disease (MMD) is associated with inflammation, but the relationship between systemic immune-inflammatory markers between MMD is unclear. The aim of our study was to analyse the association between systemic immune-inflammatory markers and the risk of MMD and its subtypes. Methods: We consecutively recruited 360 patients with MMD and 89 healthy control subjects in a case-control study to calculate and analyse the association of systemic immune-inflammatory markers with the risk of MMD and its subtypes. Results: The risk of MMD increased with higher levels of NLR (OR 1.237, 95% CI [1.008, 1.520], p = .042). When NLR and SII were assessed as quartile-spaced subgroups, the third quartile grouping of NLR and SII had a higher risk of MMD than the first quartile grouping (NLR: OR 3.206, 95% CI [1.271, 8.088], p = .014; SII: OR 3.074,95% CI [1.232,7.672], p = .016). When NLR was combined with SII, the highest subgroup had a higher risk of MMD than the lowest subgroup (OR2.643, 95% CI [1.340, 5.212], p = .005). The risk of subtypes also increased with higher levels of NLR and SII. The association between the levels of NLR and SII with the staging of the Suzuki stage follows an inverted U-shape. The highest levels of NLR and SII were found in patients with MMD at Suzuki stages 3–4. Conclusion: The risk of MMD increases with elevated systemic immune-inflammatory markers. This study analysed the association of systemic immune-inflammatory markers with the risk of developing MMD and its subtypes, and identified novel inflammatory markers for MMD.
Primary central nervous system vasculitis and headache: Ten themes

Purpose of review The primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitides refers to clinicopathologic disorders that share the histopathology of inflammation of cerebral or spinal blood vessels. Unrecognized and therefore untreated, vasculitis of the CNS results in irreversible injury and disability making these disorders of paramount importance to clinicians. Recent findings Headache is an important clue to vasculitic involvement of CNS vessels. CNS vasculitis can be primary, in which only intracranial or spinal vessels are involved in the inflammatory process, or secondary to another known disorder with overlapping systemic involvement. The suspicion of vasculitis based on the history, clinical examination, and laboratory studies warrants prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent cerebral ischemia or infarction. Summary Primary CNS vasculitides can be diagnosed with certainty after intensive evaluation that includes tissue confirmation whenever possible. As in its systemic counterparts, clinicians must choose from among the available immune modulating, suppressive, and targeted immunotherapies to induce and maintain remission status and prevent relapse, tempered by anticipated medication adverse effects.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of The Cell Division Cycle and Ribosomal Pathways in The Rat Varicocele: Implications for Drug Discovery

Objective: Varicocele is a common cause of male infertility, affecting a substantial proportion of infertile men. Recent studies have employed transcriptomic analysis to identify candidate genes that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition. Accordingly, this study sought to leverage rat gene expression profiling, along with protein-protein interaction networks, to identify key regulatory genes, related pathways, and potentially effective drugs for the treatment of varicocele. Materials and Methods: In this in-silico study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the testicular tissue of 3 rats were screened using the edgeR package in R software and the results were compared to 3 rats in the control group. Data was obtained from GSE139447. Setting a -11 and P<0.05 as cutoff points for statistical significance, up and down-regulated genes were identified. Based on Cytoscape plugins, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were drawn, and hub genes were highlighted. ShinyGO was used for pathway enrichment. Finally, effective drugs were identified from the drug database. Results: Among the 1277 DEGs in this study, 677 genes were up-regulated while 600 genes were down-regulated in rats with varicocele compared to the control group. Using protein-protein interaction networks, we identified the top five up-regulated genes and the top five down-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were associated with the cell division cycle pathway, while the down-regulated genes were linked to the ribosome pathway. Notably, our findings suggested that dexamethasone may be a promising therapeutic option for individuals with varicocele. Conclusion: The current investigation indicates that in varicocele the cell division cycle pathway is up-regulated while the ribosome pathway is down-regulated compared to controls. Based on these findings, dexamethasone could be considered a future candidate drug for the treatment of individuals with varicocele.
Extended DNS Errors: Unlocking the Full Potential of DNS Troubleshooting

The Domain Name System (DNS) relies on response codes to confirm successful transactions or indicate anomalies. Yet, the codes are not sufficiently fine-grained to pinpoint the root causes of resolution failures. RFC~8914 (Extended DNS Errors or EDE) addresses the problem by defining a new extensible registry of error codes to be served inside the OPT resource record. In this paper, we show that four major DNS resolver vendors and three large public DNS resolvers support this standard and correctly narrow down the cause of underlying problems. Yet, they do not agree in 94% of our test cases in terms of the returned EDE codes. We reveal that Cloudflare DNS is the most precise in indicating various DNS misconfigurations via the EDE mechanism, so we use it to perform a large-scale analysis of more than 303M registered domain names. We show that 17.7M of them trigger EDE codes. Lame delegations and DNSSEC validation failures are the most common problems encountered.
Re-measuring the Label Dynamics of Online Anti-Malware Engines from Millions of Samples

VirusTotal is the most widely used online scanning service in both academia and industry. However, it is known that the results returned by antivirus engines are often inconsistent and changing over time. The intrinsic dynamics of VirusTotal labeling have prompted researchers to investigate the characteristics of label dynamics for more effective use. However, they are generally limited in terms of the size and diversity of the datasets used in the measurements. This poses threats to many of their conclusions. In this paper, we perform an extraordinary large-scale study to re-measure the label dynamics of VirusTotal. Our dataset involves all the scan data in VirusTotal over a 14-month period, including over 571 million samples and 847 million reports in total. With this large dataset, we are able to revisit many issues related to the label dynamics of VirusTotal, including the prevalence of label dynamics/silence, the characteristics across file types, the impact of label dynamics on common label aggregation methods, the stabilization patterns of labels, etc. Our measurement reveals some observations that are unknown to the research community and even inconsistent with previous research. We believe that our findings could help researchers advance the understanding of the VirusTotal ecosystem.
The environmental basis of ecosystem variability in Antarctica: research in the Latitudinal Gradient Project

Abstract After a decade of research, New Zealand’s Latitudinal Gradient Project (LGP) now includes primary sites from Cape Hallett (72°S) to the Darwin Glacier (80°S), while additional observations extend the latitudinal transect from 84°S to sub-Antarctic regions. The LGP has been structured around a hypothesis that, in a frigid continent, ice dynamics is the key ecosystem variable. For terrestrial environments, two aspects of ice dynamics appear to underlie much of the observed variability. Firstly, the aridity of the region makes the transition from ice to water a key ecological factor, and secondly, the legacy of ice dynamics dating as far back as the Pliocene is imprinted on biogeography. These factors operate at difference temporal and spatial scales and neither is monotonically related to latitude. Both are also complicated by meso-scale cross gradients of altitude and distance from the sea and micro-scale local variability. Whilst climate does vary on a broad-scale, differences within the northern and central parts of Victoria Land that the LGP has so far examined are insufficient to impose any overarching effect that can overwhelm these more local effects. The result is a multiple-scale patchwork of habitats and communities, more or less replicated across the transect, in which variability at any given latitude generally exceeds variability between latitudes. A lesser quantum of research has been directed at marine ecosystems, but here there is a similar picture of local variability dominating within the Ross Sea, with significant latitude-scale effects only emerging when transects are extended into maritime- and sub-Antarctic regions. It is implicit, but not specifically recognized in the LGP context, that a further confounding effect on the interpretation of ‘transect’ information is the multiple stressor concept that requires a simultaneous analysis of interacting (synergistic or antagonistic) factors and environmental responses. As the LGP continues to extend further south, climate is expected to become more extreme, and water availability may change sufficiently for loss of habitat and species diversity to occur. Here we discuss options for refining the LGP approach to optimize its potential for understanding variability, and the factors underpinning this, in the Ross Sea Sector.
The Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus in La Selva Plain: evidence of a new breeding population in Catalonia

In Catalonia the Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus breeds essentially in the cultivated plains of the regions of Lleida and L’Emporda. To date, this species has only been reported as a winter visitor or migrant to La Selva Plain. However, an exhaustive review of the literature revealed the existence of over 30 observations during the breeding season (2002-2009) and five successful breeding attempts. A nocturnal census specifically focused on the Stone Curlew was carried out in summer 2009. Some individuals were detected, which confirms the previous records in the literature. Given that the species was not detected during the fieldwork for the recent Catalan Breeding Bird Atlas, these new records could represent a new breeding population for Catalonia. We discuss whether this discovery represents a recent colonization or is the result of the non-detection of the species during the Atlas fieldwork. Finally, we suggest that more species-specific methods should be used to study this species.
Are auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia just “voices” or something different?: Clinical, empirical and phenomenological perspectives

Introduction Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) form a central symptom in the current diagnosis of schizophrenia in the DSM-5 and ICD-10. In both internatinal classifications, hallucinations are considered an erroneous perception without external stimulation. AVH are often viewed as a well-defined entity in itself with certain quasi objective properties. They seem not to arise from nothing but are preceded and accompanied by the anomalies of subjective experiences such as e.g. feeling different, thought aloud and thought interference and experiences difficult to distinguish these phenomena from “hearing voices”. Several recent reviews point to the complexity of the nature of AVH and advocate the involvement of contextual issues and co-occurring psychopathology. Objectives The aims of this study were to examine the qualitative aspects of the experience of hearing voices, the period of disclosure of AVH and the concomitant subjective experiences (self-disorders) in a group of readmitted patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and experiencing AVH. Methods We performed an empirical qualitative and phenomenologically oriented investigation of the experiential and existential aspects of AVH. Twenty patients with AVH and fulfilling the ICD-10 criteria of schizophrenia were interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire, covering the aims of this study. The interview encouraged the patients to reflect and express themselves freely. We used 26 items (domains stream of consciousness and basic self ) from the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE). Results The disclosure of AVH happened when the patient arrived at a situation of subjective suffering or dysfunction in life, often several years after their beginning. Several participants were not able to determine whether voices were in the “internal” or “external” space. They did not consider their AVH as being analogous to a perception of an external object. The patients were continuously in doubt whether their experiences merited the name of voices or merely thoughts. The terminological status of the AVH as “voices” was typically acquired in the psychiatric setting. Conclusions AVH themselves are not a sufficient sign of mental disturbance unless it is an aspect of a profound change in the structure of consciousness. There is an apparent continuity between thinking and hallucinations. AVH articulate themselves within the intimidate sphere of the patient in another dimension and not in the shared social world as a real perception. The patient’s difficulties to describe the detailed features of hallucinations could be an expression of the psychiatrist‘s insistence on framing the hallucination in the perceptual space to which it does not belong leading to a risk of missing the phenomenon. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Comparativa de algoritmos para la optimización de un sistema de recursos hídricos

De manera tradicional, las tecnicas de obtencion de reglas de gestion (RG) en sistemas multiembalse han consistido en emplear modelos de simulacion que permiten evaluar el comportamiento del sistema una vez definida dicha RG. Se trata de un proceso largo y repetitivo hasta encontrar la RG apropiada. El objetivo de este articulo es comparar dos algoritmos evolutivos empleados para la obtencion de RG. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una metodologia que acopla los algoritmos evolutivos con redes de flujo. Estas ultimas permiten la simulacion de la gestion de un sistema a partir de la definicion de unas RG, y los algoritmos evolutivos son los que se encargan de ir modificando dichas reglas y controlando las sucesivas simulaciones. Los algoritmos comparados son el SCE-UA y el Scatter Search, mientras que la red de flujo empleada es el modulo SIMGES, que forma parte del Sistema Soporte de Decision AQUATOOL. La metodologia propuesta se aplica al sistema de explotacion Tirso-Flumendosa-Campidano ubicado en la isla de Cerdena, Italia. El sistema se identifica con un clima mediterraneo, caracterizado por la irregularidad en la aparicion del recurso hidrico y de la demanda, por lo que este tipo de sistemas se considera como uno de los mas complejos de gestionar. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la metodologia planteada y, por tanto, los algoritmos evolutivos (unos mas apropiados que otros) permiten obtener RG optimas. En este estudio, las RG obtenidas permiten disminuir el numero de demandas con deficit y los costes de bombeo respecto la gestion actual.
Systematic list and distribution of fishes in Mizoram, Tripura and Barak drainage of northeastern India

Manuscript 1571a; © ZOO; Date of publication 21 February 2007 Received 26 May 2006; Revised received 03 November 2006; Finally accepted 18 January 2007 2599 March 2007 | ISSN 0973-2535 (Print edition); 0973-2551 (Online edition) ABSTRACT Extensive ichthyological field survey conducted from 1996 to 2006 in the major rivers of Mizoram, Tripura and Barak drainage (in Assam and partly in Manipur) revealed the occurrence of bewildering diversity of fishes. Of these, the rivers in Mizoram revealed 42 species in river Tuirial, 42 species in river Kolodyne, 31 species in river Karnafuli, 25 species in river Mat, 36 species in river Tlawng, nine species in river Tuirini, 14 species in river Serlui and 23 species in river Tuivai. The rivers in Tripura reflected 28 species in Manu, 22 species in Khowai, 53 species in Gomati, and 22 species in Feni. In Barak drainage, river Barak portrayed 65 species (including collections from the proximity of its origin in Karong, Manipur), river Jatinga 61 species, river Sonai 54 species and river Dhaleswari 32 species. Declaration of ‘aquatic sanctuaries’ for the conservation of rare and endangered fishes like the mahseers have been strongly suggested in the paper.
Is aluminum exposure a risk factor for neurological disorders?

Aluminum (Al) is widely found in the nature. Although the relation between Al and neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial, Al is related with many brain diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Al exposure occurs mainly through environment, occupational, and dietary factors for humans. Al exposure with diet can be through foods, food additives, water, and contamination of Al equipment/utensils. The aim of this review is to summarize various hypotheses, which link Al and neurodegeneration, and to determine the roles of Al exposure through different sources including diet, environment, and occupation. Future studies should be done in vulnerable subgroups of population including children, patients receiving antacid or Al-containing pharmeteucials on a daily basis, patients with reduced renal function, and patients on parenteral nutrition regimens that are likely to be affected by possible adverse health effects of Al. In addition, gender, age, and Al interactions need to be determined. One of the most important challanges in future epidemiological studies is to determine which variables should be controlled. In addition, experimental studies should be more focused and translational. In this context, exposure dose, dose–response effects, and time lapse between exposures and cognitive assessments are very important.
Non-transferable Proxy Re-encryption

Proxy re-encryption (PRE) allows a semi-trusted proxy to transform a ciphertext for Alice into a ciphertext of the same message for Bob. The traditional security notion of PRE focuses on preventing the proxy with the re-encryption key learning anything about the encrypted messages. However, such a basic security requirement is clearly not enough for many scenarios where the proxy can collude with Bob. A desirable security goal is therefore to prevent a malicious proxy colluding with Bob to re-delegate Alice’s decryption right. In 2005, Ateniese, Fu, Green and Hohenberger first proposed this intriguing problem called non-transferability, in the sense that the only way for Bob to transfer Alice’s decryption capability is to expose his own secret key. It captures the notion that Bob cannot collude with the proxy and transfer Alice’s decryption right without compromising his own decryption capability. However, over the last decade, no solutions have achieved this property. In this paper, we positively resolve this open problem. In particular, we give the first construction of nontransferable proxy re-encryption where the attacker is allowed to obtain one pair of keys consisting of Bob’s secret key and the corresponding re-encryption key. Using indistinguishability obfuscation and k-unforgeable authentication as main tools, our scheme is provably secure in the standard model. The essential idea behind our approach is to allow Bob’s secret key to be evoked in the process of decrypting Alice’s ciphertext while hiding the fact that only Bob could decrypt it by the obfuscated program. In addition, we also show a negative result: a CPA secure proxy re-encryption scheme with “error-freeness” property cannot be non-transferable.