Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A High Frame Rate Analog Front-End IC With Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers Using Analog Multi-Line Acquisition for Ultrasound Imaging Systems

This paper proposes a high frame rate analog front-end (AFE) IC combined with a piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) for ultrasound imaging systems (UISs). The proposed AFE IC, which consists of 8-channel transceivers and a peripheral circuit, employs analog multi-line acquisition (AMLA) based on sub-array beamforming. This AMLA generates multiple scanlines during a scan time by simultaneously and precisely controlling the delay of the AFE IC, thus achieving the high frame rate of the AFE IC. The sensitivities of the PMUT for transmitting and receiving ultrasound waves are simulated to be 67.5 kPa/V and 1.2 mV/kPa, respectively, which are high enough to mitigate the needs of the high-voltage electronics for UISs. The proposed AFE IC was fabricated using a 0.18-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> silicon-on-insulator process and occupies an active area of 2.56 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.68$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. The measurement results using the simulated PMUT parameters show that the proposed AFE IC with the AMLA precisely controls its delay up to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a clock frequency of 40 MHz. It also acquires more than 9,000 scan/s even at a focal depth of 150 mm, which is at least twice greater than those of prior works, achieving a high frame rate of 93 Hz when 100 scanlines are used for a frame. In addition, a figure-of-merit, which considers the energy consumption per channel/scan and the energy loss, is achieved to be 20 nJ/scan/dB at a focal depth of 150 mm and a center frequency of 3.6 MHz; this is the best result compared to previously reported works. Therefore, the proposed AFE IC is suitable for UISs requiring a high frame rate.
Cavity-Backed Circularly Polarized Cross-Dipole Phased Arrays

In this letter, a 16 × 16 Ku-band circularly polarized phased array is proposed. The antenna element comprises a cross dipole, a metal cavity, and a threaded SMP connector. The metal cavity makes the gain of the antenna increased and the mutual coupling between the array elements is reduced, thus ensuring good impedance matching and axis ratio (AR) during the two-dimensional beam scanning. The mutual coupling of the center element at center frequency is −26.6 dB when the cavity is added. The proposed phased array achieves the impedance bandwidth ($| {{{\boldsymbol{S}}_{11}}} | \le - 10{\rm{\ dB}}$) of 10.1% (13.1–14.5 GHz) when scanning ±40° in the xz plane and yz plane. AR of the main lobe is less than 2 dB in the total scanning range. The gain fluctuation is less than 3 dB during scanning. This letter presents the measurement and simulation results, verifying that the phased array has good performance.
Development of sustainable bio-adhesives for engineered wood panels – A review

Changes in both formaldehyde legislations and voluntary requirements (e.g. Germany RAL) are currently the driving factors behind research on alternatives to amino-based adhesives; moreover, consumer interest in healthy and sustainable products is increasing in bio-based adhesives. Sources of formaldehyde emissions in wood-based panels as well as different emission test methods have been discussed, and the main focus of this review is on the research conducted on sustainable bio-based adhesive systems for wood panels. Lignin, tannin, protein, and starch have been evaluated as both raw materials and adhesive alternatives to existing amino-based thermosetting adhesives. Adhesion improving modifications of these bio-based raw materials as well as the available and experimental crosslinkers have also been taken into account.
Research on OCT Imaging Law of Frozen Meat Applied with Electric Field During Storage

It has always been the points of interests in the field of food science about how to quickly and non-destructively detect the quality of frozen meat. Among these issues, storage period of frozen meat is the hard one to infer, this study makes a preliminary exploration. We use optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to visualize the reaction of the meat with low-frequency AC electric field applied. We calculate the average correlation coefficient (ACC), which is based on the two-dimensional correlation map between frames of OCT images, both before and after sample being electrified. It is proved that there is a significant difference in ACC with and without external electric field, and this difference increases with the extension of frozen storage period. It is worth mentioning that this study takes the frozen storage period of meat as a variable to discuss the imaging characteristics of electro-kinetic response of meat. It laid a foundation for the future application of inversing the storage period of frozen meat.
A Single-Layer Planar Low-Profile Wideband Microstrip Line-Fed Metasurface Antenna

A single-layer, planar wideband microstrip line (ML) fed metasurface-based antenna operating at 5 GHz wireless local area network band is proposed. It is composed of an array of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3 \times 3$</tex-math></inline-formula> square metal patches fed by an ML connected to the central patch of the three peripheral unit cells. To reduce the phase delay between the driven patch and the parasitic patches placed along the <italic>E</italic>-plane, a large square slot is cut on the fed patch, while the patches on the second and third rows are sliced into smaller ones to stabilize the patterns at higher frequencies. The large slot also helps achieve better impedance matching. <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\bf T}}{{{\bf M}}_{01}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\bf T}}{{{\bf M}}_{21}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> modes are excited, giving a measured <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ - 10{\boldsymbol{\ }}{{\bf dB}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> bandwidth of 26.56% (5.06–6.61 GHz). The compact size of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_0} \times 1.1{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_0} \times 0.058{{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\boldsymbol{\lambda }}_0}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the center of the frequency band), stable boresight patterns, low profile, planar configuration, and wide bandwidth features make the presented antenna attractive for various wireless systems.
Schichten aus Kohlenstoff-Nanomaterialien auf asymmetrisch porösen, keramischen Trägern und deren Erprobung für Anwendungen in Membrantechnik und Katalyse

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die masgeschneiderte Synthese von Kohlenstoff-Nanofilamenten auf asymmetrisch porosen, keramischen Tragern fur potentielle Anwendungen in der Membrantechnik und Katalyse und deren Charakterisierung. Die fur die Synthese erforderlichen Katalysatorpartikel (Palladium und Eisen) werden anhand nasschemischer Praparationsmethoden uberwiegend auf der Innenseite der rohrformigen Trager aufgebracht. Dem sich anschliesenden Trocknungsschritt folgt die Synthese von Kohlenstoff-Nanofilamenten anhand des Verfahrens der chemischen Gasphasenabscheidung (CVD-Verfahren). Eine gezielte Variation von Prozessgrosen (bspw. Synthesetemperatur, Kohlenstoffquelle, Katalysatormaterial, Haltezeit und Katalysatorkonzentration) fuhrt zu einer Strukturvarianz der Rohren mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften. Die erhaltenen Kohlenstoffprodukte werden anhand elektronenmikroskopischer, spektroskopischer und thermischer Analysemethoden charakterisiert. Erganzend wurde in dem apparativen Aufbau der CVD-Anlage eine inline-Analytik implementiert, die die Charakterisierung des Katalysatorverhaltens wahrend der Wachstumsphase erlaubt. Die auf dem Trager abgeschiedenen Schichten aus Kohlenstoff-Nanomaterialien wurden einerseits in Hinblick auf ihre gastrennenden Eigenschaften und andererseits hinsichtlich ihrer katalytischen Eigenschaften anhand einer Modellreaktion untersucht. Insbesondere mit Stickstoff dotierte Rohren zeigen adsorptionsselektive Eigenschaften fur Kohlenwasserstoffe (Propan, Propen). Die katalytische Reaktion der oxidativen Dehydrierung von Ethylbenzol zu Styrol (ODEB) konnte erfolgreich anhand der sich auf dem Trager befindlichen Kohlenstoff-Nanofilamenten nachgewiesen werden. Sowohl die elementaren Untersuchungen zu gastrennenden Eigenschaften der Kohlenstoff-Nanofilamente als auch deren Erprobung fur katalytische Reaktionen bilden die Grundlage fur weitere Entwicklungsmoglichkeiten in Bezug auf katalytisch arbeitende Membranreaktoren.
Scintillator study for improving material separation ability in x-rays computed tomography imaging

Different scintillators have different x-rays attenuation characteristics. Many researchers are committed to developing scintillators with strong x-rays stopping power for industrial x-rays computed tomography (CT) imaging. But scintillators with strong x-rays stopping power may not always be the best choice. In this paper, we study the scintillator selection for improving material separation ability of low attenuation samples in x-rays imaging. Digital radiography (DR) experiments using cerium-doped lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate (LYSO: Ce, strong x-rays stopping power), cerium-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG: Ce, medium x-rays stopping power) and aluminum-doped zinc selenide (ZnSe: Al, weak x-rays stopping power) scintillators are implemented based on an optical coupling detection system. Material separation ability using DR images at 40-130 kVp x-rays sources are compared. Besides, CT imaging experiments of a Chinese herbal medicine using the three scintillators are completed. Material separation results of images obtained using ZnSe: Al is better than that using GAGG: Ce and LYSO: Ce. Thus ZnSe: Al is the best choice for material separation in x-rays CT imaging of low attenuation samples among the three scintillators.
Author Correction: Sexual morph specialisation in a trioecious nematode balances opposing selective forces

The coexistence of different mating strategies, whereby a species can reproduce both by selfing and outcrossing, is an evolutionary enigma that has long intrigued biologists (Darwin, 1877). Theory predicts only two stable mating states : outcrossing with strong inbreeding depression or selfing with weak inbreeding depression. As these two mating strategies are subject to opposing selective forces, mixed breeding systems are thought to be a rare transitory state, yet they have been found to persist even after multiple speciation events. We hypothesise that if each mating strategy plays a distinctive role during the species life history, opposing selective pressures could be balanced, permitting the stable co-existence of selfing and outcrossing sexual morphs. In this scenario, we would expect each sexual morph to be specialised in their respective roles. Here we show, using a combination of behavioural, physiological and gene expression studies, that the selfing (hermaphrodite) and outcrossing (female) sexual morphs of the trioecious nematode Auanema freiburgensis have distinct adaptations optimised for their different roles during the life cycle. A. freiburgensis hermaphrodites are produced under stressful conditions, are specialised for dispersal to new habitat patches and exhibit metabolic and intestinal changes that enable them to meet the energetic cost of dispersal and reproduction. In contrast, A. freiburgensis females are produced in favourable conditions, facilitate rapid population growth and compensate for the lack of reproductive assurance by reallocating resources from intestinal development to robust mate-finding behaviour. The specialisation of each mating system for their role in the life cycle could balance opposing selective forces allowing the stable maintenance of both outcrossing and selfing mating systems in A. freiburgensis.
Two intrinsic timing mechanisms set start and end times for dendritic arborization of a nociceptive neuron

Choreographic dendritic arborization takes place within a defined time frame, but the timing mechanism is currently not known. Here, we report that the precisely timed lin-4-lin-14 regulatory circuit triggers an initial dendritic growth activity whereas the precisely timed lin-28-let-7-lin-41 regulatory circuit signals a subsequent developmental decline in dendritic growth ability, hence restricting dendritic arborization within a set time frame. Loss-of-function mutations in the lin-4 microRNA gene cause limited dendritic outgrowth whereas loss-of-function mutations in its direct target, the lin-14 transcription factor gene, cause precocious and excessive outgrowth. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in the let-7 microRNA gene prevent a developmental decline in dendritic growth ability whereas loss-of-function mutations in its upstream regulator, the lin-28 RNA-binding protein gene, and its direct target, the lin-41 tripartite motif protein gene, cause further decline. lin-4 and let-7 regulatory circuits are expressed in the right place at the right time to set start and end times for PVD dendritic arborization. Replacing the endogenous lin-4 promoter at the lin-4 locus with a late-onset let-7 promoter delays PVD dendrite arborization whereas replacing the endogenous let-7 promoter at the let-7 locus with an early-onset lin-4 promoter causes precocious decline in dendritic growth ability in PVD neurons. Our results indicate that the lin-4-lin-14 and the lin-28-let-7-lin-41 regulatory circuits control the timing of dendrite arborization through antagonistic regulation of the DMA-1 receptor level on dendrites. The LIN-14 transcription factor directly represses the dma-1 gene expression through a transcriptional means whereas the LIN-41 tripartite motif protein indirectly activates the dma-1 gene expression through a post-transcriptional means.
Compensatory reconfiguration of functional networks between white matter and grey matter in Alzheimer’s disease

The temporal synchronization of BOLD signals within white matter (WM) and between WM and grey matter (GM) exhibited intrinsic architecture and cognitive relevance. However, few studies examined the network property within- and between-tissue in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The hub regions with high weighted degree (WD) were prone to the neuropathological damage of AD. To systematically investigate the changes of hubs within- and between-tissue functional networks in AD patients, we used the resting-state fMRI data of 30 AD patients and 37 normal older adults (NC) from the ADNI open database, and obtained four types of voxel-based WD metrics and four types of distant-dependent WD metrics (ddWD) based on a series of Euclidean distance ranges with a 20mm increment. We found that AD patients showed decreased within-tissue ddWD in the thalamic nucleus and increased between-tissue ddWD in the occipito-temporal cortex, posterior thalamic radiation, and sagittal stratum, compared to NC. We also found that AD patients showed the increased between-tissue FCs between the posterior thalamic radiation and occipito-temporal cortex, and between the sagittal stratum and the salience and executive networks. The dichotomy of decreased and increased ddWD metrics and their locations were consistent with previous studies on the neurodegnerative and compensatory mechanisms of AD, indicating that despite the disruptions, the brain still strived to compensate for the neural inefficiency by reorganizing functional circuits. Our findings also suggested the short-to-medium ranged ddWD metrics between WM and GM as useful biomarker to detect the compensatory changes of functional networks in AD.
Neck motor unit activity displays neural signatures of temporal control during sequential saccade planning

Goal-directed behavior involves the transformation of neural movement plans into appropriate muscle activity patterns. Studies involving single saccades have shown that a rapid, direct pathway links saccade planning in frontal eye fields (FEF) to neck muscle activity. It is unknown if the rapid connection between FEF and neck muscle is maintained during sequential saccade planning. We show that sequence planning signals in the FEF are preserved in the neck EMG, although the activity is delayed specifically for the second saccade. Our results suggest that while the direct link between FEF and neck muscle facilitates downstream continuation of FEF response patterns, an indirect route exists through an inhibitory control center like the basal ganglia, limiting the information flow during processing of saccade sequences. Thus, the indirect and direct pathways from the FEF may function together to enable rapid synchronous, but controlled eye-head responses to sequential gaze shifts.
Tomato leaves under stress: a comparison of stress response to mild abiotic stress between a cultivated and a wild tomato species

Tomato is one of the most produced crop plants on earth and growing in the fields and greenhouses all over the world. Breeding with known traits of wild species can enhance stress tolerance of cultivated crops. In this study, we investigated responses of the transcriptome as well as primary and secondary metabolites in leaves of a cultivated and a wild tomato to several abiotic stresses such as nitrogen deficiency, chilling or warmer temperatures, elevated light intensities and combinations thereof. The wild species responded different to varied temperature conditions compared to the cultivated tomato. Nitrogen deficiency caused the strongest responses and induced in particular the secondary metabolism in both species but to much higher extent in the cultivated tomato. Our study supports the potential of a targeted induction of valuable secondary metabolites in green residues of horticultural production, that will otherwise only be composted after fruit harvest. In particular, the cultivated tomato showed a strong induction in the group of mono caffeoylquinic acids in response to nitrogen deficiency. In addition, the observed differences in stress responses between cultivated and wild tomato can lead to new breeding targets for better stress tolerance. Even under mild abiotic stresses (single stresses but especially combinations of stress) the transcriptomic and metabolomic response in tomato is enormous and more pronounced in cultivated than in wild species.
Microstructure et anisotropie macroscopique de suspensions hors régime de Stokes

Une evaluation experimentale sur un lit fluidise 2D de la fonction de correlation a deux particules sera presentee. Les resultats pour des nombres de Reynolds particulaires compris entre 1 et 1000 montrent le role des sillages sur le comportement microscopique de la suspension. Leur consequence sur l’anisotropie de la repartition macroscopique de la phase solide sera ensuite expliquee a partir d’un schema montrant comment ils conduisent a la formation de chaines de particules.
In vitro antibacterial studies of some transition metal complexes of schiff base derived from 2-aminophenol and furan-2-carbaldehyde

A novel Schiff-base ligand and its Ni(II) & Cu(II) complexes were synthesized and well characterized by elemental analyses and spectral studies. Physical and analytical data suggest that the Schiff base acts as tridentate ligand towards metal ions via azomethine-N, deprotonated-O of 2-aminophenol and O-atom of furan moiety. The synthesized ligand, along with its metal complexes were screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against four bacterial pathogens (E. coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and P. vulgareous ). The results of these studies revealed that the free ligand and its metal complexes showed significant antibacterial potency.
Alizarin Red S Dye Degradation by Using Bimetallic FE/NI Nanocatalyst at Room Temperature

The present study was carried out to better understand the reactivity of nanoscale Ni/Fe particles towards the degradation of alizarin red s, a monoazo dye, in aqueous solutions was investigated using as synthesized and stored Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles. UV-VIS analysis of the degradation products showed that as synthesized nanoparticles reductively cleaved the azo linkage to produce aniline as the major degradation product. However, 1-year-stored nanoparticles showed an oxidative degradation of alizarin red s through a hydroxyl-radical induced coupling of parent and/or product molecules. Reductive dye degradation using as synthesized nanoparticles proceeded through hydride transfer from nickel, whereas formation of a Fe-Ni galvanic cell in stored nanoparticles generated hydroxyl radicals from water in a non Fenton type reaction.
Towards A Deep-Learning-Based Methodology for Supporting Satire Detection (S)

This paper describes an approach for supporting automatic satire detection through effective deep learning (DL) architecture that has been shown to be useful for addressing sarcasm/irony detection problems. We both trained and tested the system exploiting articles derived from two important satiric blogs, Lercio and IlFattoQuotidiano , and significant Italian newspapers.
Development of preclinical and clinical models for immune-related adverse events following checkpoint immunotherapy: a perspective from SITC and AACR

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have completely revolutionized cancer treatment strategies. Nonetheless, the increasing incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) is now limiting the overall benefits of these treatments. irAEs are well-recognized side effects of some of the most effective cancer immunotherapy agents, including antibody blockade of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed death protein 1/programmed-death ligand 1 pathways. To develop an action plan on the key elements needed to unravel and understand the key mechanisms driving irAEs, the Society for Immunotherapy for Cancer and the American Association for Cancer Research partnered to bring together research and clinical experts in cancer immunotherapy, autoimmunity, immune regulation, genetics and informatics who are investigating irAEs using animal models, clinical data and patient specimens to discuss current strategies and identify the critical next steps needed to create breakthroughs in our understanding of these toxicities. The genetic and environmental risk factors, immune cell subsets and other key immunological mediators and the unique clinical presentations of irAEs across the different organ systems were the foundation for identifying key opportunities and future directions described in this report. These include the pressing need for significantly improved preclinical model systems, broader collection of biospecimens with standardized collection and clinical annotation made available for research and integration of electronic health record and multiomic data with harmonized and standardized methods, definitions and terminologies to further our understanding of irAE pathogenesis. Based on these needs, this report makes a set of recommendations to advance our understanding of irAE mechanisms, which will be crucial to prevent their occurrence and improve their treatment.