Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary Supplement of Amomum villosum Lour. Polysaccharide Attenuates Ulcerative Colitis in BALB/c Mice

Amomum villosum Lour. (A. villosum), a comestible medicinal plant, has been traditionally used in China to treat diarrhea, stomach fullness, and abdominal distension. Polysaccharide, the main chemical component of A. villosum, has been shown to possess potential antioxidant and glycosidase inhibitory activities; however, whether it has anticolitis activity is unknown. The aim of this research was to evaluate the anticolitis effects of A. villosum polysaccharide (AVLP) in BALB/c mice. The results showed that AVLP administration significantly reversed body weight loss, colon shortening and colon weight gain and decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colitis mice (p < 0.05). AVLP administration also maintained intestinal barrier function by the upregulation of ZO-1 protein expression (p < 0.05). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that AVLP possessed a great regulatory effect on the growth of Adlercreutzia, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Parabacteroides, Helicobacter, Odoribacter, and Alistipes (p < 0.05, LDA score > 2). The correlation analysis revealed that the protective effects against colitis of AVLP were highly correlated with intestinal bacterium regulation. These results suggest that AVLP intake could serve as a prospective nutritional strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases.
High Order Finite Difference Schemes for the Elastic Wave Equation in Discontinuous Media

Finite difference schemes for the simulation of elastic waves in materi- als with jump discontinuities are presented. The key feature is the highly accurate treatment of interfaces where media discontinuities arise. The schemes are constructed using finite difference operators satisfying a sum- mation - by - parts property together with a penalty technique to impose interface conditions at the material discontinuity. Two types of opera- tors are used, termed fully compatible or compatible. Stability is proved for the first case by bounding the numerical solution by initial data in a suitably constructed semi - norm. Numerical experiments indicate that the schemes using compatible operators are also stable. However, the nu- merical studies suggests that fully compatible operators give identical or better convergence and accuracy properties. The numerical experiments are also constructed to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method to simulations involving typical interface phenomena in elastic materials.
Grassmannian twists on the derived category via spherical functors

We construct new examples of derived autoequivalences for a family of higher‐dimensional Calabi–Yau varieties. Specifically, we take the total spaces of certain natural vector bundles over Grassmannians Gr(r,d) of r‐planes in a d‐dimensional vector space, and define endofunctors of the bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves associated to these varieties. In the case r = 2, we show that these are autoequivalences using the theory of spherical functors. Our autoequivalences naturally generalize the Seidel–Thomas spherical twist for analogous bundles over projective spaces.
Combining Augmented Error Modeling Technique and Block-Pulse Functions Method for Tracking Control Design of Nonlinear Polynomial Systems with Multiple Time-Delayed States Subject to Nonsymmetric Input Saturation

The present research work is intended to synthesize a novel tracking control strategy for a class of nonlinear polynomial systems characterized by multiple well-defined delays in state variables under the presence of nonsymmetric input saturation. The design strategy makes full use of an associate’s memory nonlinear state feedback control with integral-based actions. An original control scheme joining block-pulse functions method combined with the augmented error modeling technique is used to infer the controller’s tracking gains. The objective is to convert the investigated nonlinear algebraic problem governed by specifying constraints into a constrained linear one that can be solved in the constrained least square methodology. Detailed novel sufficient conditions proving the closed-loop augmented system’s practical stability are elaborated. The instance of a twofold inverted pendulums benchmark is considered so as to exhibit the benefits of the proposed control approach.
Homotopy classification of finite group actions on aspherical spaces

The author proposes a method for investigating actions of finite groups on aspherical spaces. Complete homotopy classification of free actions of finite groups on aspherical spaces is obtained. Also there are some results about non-free actions. For example a relation between the cohomology of finite groups and the lattice structure of its subgroups is obtained by the proposed method. This relation is formulated in terms of spectral sequences.
A quantitative central limit theorem for the excursion area of random spherical harmonics over subdomains of S2

In recent years, considerable interest has been drawn by the analysis of geometric functionals for the excursion sets of random eigenfunctions on the unit sphere (spherical harmonics). In this paper, we extend those results to proper subsets of the sphere S2, i.e., spherical caps, focussing, in particular, on the excursion area. Precisely, we show that the asymptotic behaviour of the excursion area is dominated by the so-called second-order chaos component and we exploit this result to establish a quantitative central limit theorem, in the high energy limit. These results generalize analogous findings for the full sphere; their proofs, however, require more sophisticated techniques, in particular, a careful analysis (of some independent interest) for smooth approximations of the indicator function for spherical cap subsets.
A Big Coal Block Alarm Detection Method for Scraper Conveyor Based on YOLO-BS

With the aim of solving the problem of coal congestion caused by big coal blocks in underground mine scraper conveyors, in this paper we proposed the use of a YOLO-BS (YOLO-Big Size) algorithm to detect the abnormal phenomenon of coal blocks on scraper conveyors. Given the scale of the big coal block targets, the YOLO-BS algorithm replaces the last layer of the YOLOv4 algorithm feature extraction backbone network with the transform module. The YOLO-BS algorithm also deletes the redundant branch which detects small targets in the PAnet module, which reduces the overall number of parameters in the YOLO-BS algorithm. As the up-sampling and down-sampling operations in the PAnet module of the YOLO algorithm can easily cause feature loss, YOLO-BS improves the problem of feature loss and enhances the convergence performance of the model by adding the SimAM space and channel attention mechanism. In addition, to solve the problem of sample imbalance in big coal block data, in this paper, it was shown that the YOLO-BS algorithm selects focal loss as the loss function. In view of the problem that the same lump coal in different locations on the scraper conveyor led to different congestion rates, we conducted research and proposed a formula to calculate the congestion rate. Finally, we collected 12,000 image datasets of coal blocks on the underground scraper conveyor in Daliuta Coal Mine, China, and verified the performance of the method proposed in this paper. The results show that the processing speed of the proposed method can reach 80 fps, and the correct alarm rate can reach 93%. This method meets the real-time and accuracy requirements for the detection of abnormal phenomena in scraper conveyors.
Convex programming with fast proximal and linear operators

We present Epsilon, a system for general convex programming using fast linear and proximal operators. As with existing convex programming frameworks, users specify convex optimization problems using a natural grammar for mathematical expressions, composing functions in a way that is guaranteed to be convex by the rules of disciplined convex programming. Given such an input, the Epsilon compiler transforms the optimization problem into a mathematically equivalent form consisting only of functions with efficient proximal operators---an intermediate representation we refer to as prox-affine form. By reducing problems to this form, Epsilon enables solving general convex problems using a large library of fast proximal and linear operators; numerical examples on many popular problems from statistics and machine learning show that this often improves running times by an order of magnitude or more vs. existing approaches based on conic solvers.
Efficient deployment of aerial relays in FSO-based backhaul networks

Using network flying platforms (NFPs) as aerial relays has been emerging as a promising solution for mobile backhaul frameworks in fifth generation and beyond wireless networks. Moreover, free space optics (FSO) technology has become the alternative to radio frequency technology for backhaul links due to its advantages of a high data rate, long transmission range, and negligible interference. In an FSO-based NFP relay backhaul network, due to the fragility of FSO links, how to deploy NFPs to satisfy network traffic demands is a challenging problem. Moreover, the establishment of non-essential FSO links leads to the extra deployment of NFPs due to the limited number of transceivers carried by each NFP, which makes the NFP deployment problem more complex. To solve these issues, we jointly consider the deployment of NFPs and the formation of network topology, the targets of which are to minimize the number of deployed NFPs and network congestion. The problem is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear programming, which is hard to solve directly, and we linearize it based on transmission range simplification. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem for large-scale network scenarios. Simulation results show that the joint optimization scheme of NFP deployment and network topology formation surpasses the single optimization scheme, and the proposed heuristic algorithm can solve the joint optimization problem efficiently in differently scaled networks.
Local administration of amyloid enhancing factor initiates in situ amyloid A deposition followed by systemic lesions in mice

Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is experimentally transmissible in some animal species, such as mice and chickens. While the spleen is important as the initial deposition site in the transmission of AA amyloidosis, it is not essential for establishing the transmission, and its role is not precisely understood. In this study, to clarify why the spleen is the first site of deposition in transmissible AA amyloidosis, we administered amyloid enhancing factor, which is AA fibrils extracted from AA amyloidosis affected mouse to local organs (liver, spleen, kidney, stomach wall, and Peyer’s patches), to tail vein and into peritoneum; then compared the amyloid distribution. Interestingly, initial amyloid deposition was observed at the administration site in each administered organ, not just the spleen. Furthermore, the amount of amyloid deposition in intra-organ administration groups was larger than that of the intravenous or intraperitoneal administration groups. This study indicates that locally exposed AEF initiates in situ amyloid deposition, from which amyloid deposition spreads throughout the body.
Improved dynamic performance with discrete sampling in digital ACM controlled DC‐DC boost converter with capacitor ESR inclusion

A classical symmetrical carrier‐based digital Average Current Mode (ACM) control has two sampling choices, peak point and valley point, to control the average inductor current. If it is employed to regulate the DC‐DC boost converter, there will be a difference in the dynamic performance at peak and valley point sampling instants because of discontinuous output voltage ripple due to Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of sampling instant on the dynamic performance of the PWM DC‐DC boost converter in consideration of capacitor ESR. The small‐signal transfer functions of a boost converter for both sampling positions are prominent to analyze each sampling impact on its dynamics. They are derived by using discrete‐time modeling. Further, the choices of sampling instant are investigated related to the RHP zero elimination, voltage stability, and peak‐to‐peak ripple current of the DC‐DC boost converter. The boost converter has improved stability performance by synchronizing the ADC sampling at starting position (valley point) of the symmetrical carrier signal, as evident by the analytical and hardware results of both sampling techniques working from 25% to 100% load working conditions.
Supermarket Queueing System in the Heavy Traffic Regime. Short Queue Dynamics

We consider a queueing system with $n$ parallel queues operating according to the so-called "supermarket model" in which arriving customers join the shortest of $d$ randomly selected queues. Assuming rate $n\lambda_{n}$ Poisson arrivals and rate $1$ exponentially distributed service times, we consider this model in the heavy traffic regime, described by $\lambda_{n}\uparrow 1$ as $n\to\infty$. We give a simple expectation argument establishing that majority of queues have steady state length at least $\log_d(1-\lambda_{n})^{-1} - O(1)$ with probability approaching one as $n\rightarrow\infty$, implying the same for the steady state delay of a typical customer. Our main result concerns the detailed behavior of queues with length smaller than $\log_d(1-\lambda_{n})^{-1}-O(1)$. Assuming $\lambda_{n}$ converges to $1$ at rate at most $\sqrt{n}$, we show that the dynamics of such queues does not follow a diffusion process, as is typical for queueing systems in heavy traffic, but is described instead by a deterministic infinite system of linear differential equations, after an appropriate rescaling. The unique fixed point solution of this system is shown explicitly to be of the form $\pi_{1}(d^{i}-1)/(d-1), i\ge 1$, which we conjecture describes the steady state behavior of the queue lengths after the same rescaling. Our result is obtained by combination of several technical ideas including establishing the existence and uniqueness of an associated infinite dimensional system of non-linear integral equations and adopting an appropriate stopped process as an intermediate step.
A necessary and sufficient condition for edge universality of Wigner matrices

In this paper, we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for Tracy-Widom law of Wigner matrices. Consider $N \times N$ symmetric Wigner matrices $H$ with $H_{ij} = N^{-1/2} x_{ij}$, whose upper right entries $x_{ij}$ $(1\le i< j\le N)$ are $i.i. d. $ random variables with distribution $\mu$ and diagonal entries $x_{ii}$ $(1\le i\le N)$ are $i.i. d. $ random variables with distribution $\wt \mu$. The means of $\mu$ and $\wt \mu$ are zero, the variance of $\mu$ is 1, and the variance of $\wt \mu $ is finite. We prove that Tracy-Widom law holds if and only if $\lim_{s\to \infty}s^4\p(|x_{12}| \ge s)=0$. The same criterion holds for Hermitian Wigner matrices.
Toric varieties of Loday's associahedra and noncommutative cohomological field theories

We introduce and study several new topological operads that should be regarded as nonsymmetric analogues of the operads of little 2‐discs, framed little 2‐discs, and Deligne–Mumford compactifications of moduli spaces of genus zero curves with marked points. These operads exhibit all the remarkable algebraic and geometric features that their classical analogues possess; in particular, it is possible to define a noncommutative analogue of the notion of cohomological field theory with similar Givental‐type symmetries. This relies on rich geometry of the analogues of the Deligne–Mumford spaces, coming from the fact that they admit several equivalent interpretations: as the toric varieties of Loday's realisations of the associahedra, as the brick manifolds recently defined by Escobar, and as the De Concini–Procesi wonderful models for certain subspace arrangements.
Electron-magnon interactions in itinerant ferromagnetism. II. Strong ferromagnetism

For pt. I, see ibid., vol.3, no.12, 2174 (1973). The strongly ferromagnetic limit of the theory developed in the preceding paper is examined in detail. The self energy expression obtained there from a Ward identity has a simple alternative diagrammatic derivation in terms of electron-magnon scattering processes. General features of the resultant single particle excitation spectrum are investigated and the question of the stability of strong ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model is considered. Numerical calculations of self energies, spectral weight functions and densities of states are presented for a simple spherically symmetric band structure whose parameters are chosen to simulate the band structure of nickel. Experimental implications of the work are discussed.
Unital Dilations of Completely Positive Semigroups: From Combinatorics to Continuity

Using ideas due to Jean-Luc Sauvageot, we prove the existence of a continuous unital dilation of a CP$_0$-semigroup on a separable W$^*$-algebra. This paper presents the material in the author's Ph. D. thesis (arXiv.org:1304.0134.pdf) with some generalizations and an improved exposition.
Competition numbers of planar graphs.

In this paper, we relate the competition number of a graph to its edge clique cover number by presenting a tight inequality $k(G) \ge \theta_e(G)-|V(G)|+\widetilde{k}(G)$ where $\theta_e(G)$, $k(G)$, and $\widetilde{k}(G)$ are the edge clique cover number, the competition number, and the co-competition number of a graph $G$, respectively. By utilizing this inequality and a notion of competition-effective edge clique cover, we obtain some meaningful results on competition numbers of planar graphs.
Direct and Inverse Methods for an Air Jet Impingement

The reconstruction of the distribution of the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for the air jet impinging of a solid object is discussed. After an optimal turbulence model is selected, computational fluid dynamics is used to obtain detailed information about the HTC produced by a jet and to validate its invariability in time. Two inverse models of the temperature field in the solid impinged by the jet are derived as a linear combination of known, constant, or linear auxiliary fields. Simultaneous minimization of the discrepancies between the temperatures measured by an infrared camera and both inverse models produces the distribution of the HTC for various jets configurations.
Trap states in InAlN/AlN/GaN-based double-channel high electron mobility transistors

We present a detailed analysis of trap states in InAlN/AlN/GaN double-channel high electron mobility transistors grown by pulsed metal organic chemical vapor deposition. By frequency dependent conductance measurements, trap densities and time constants at both InAlN/AlN/GaN interfaces were determined. Two types of traps, with a high density of up to ∼1014 cm−2 eV−1, were observed existing at the higher InAlN/AlN/GaN interface. On the other hand, the density dramatically decreased to ∼1012 cm−2 eV−1 for traps located at lower InAlN/AlN/GaN interface on which a low-temperature grown GaN (LT-GaN) layer was deposited. Additionally, photo-assisted capacitance-voltage measurements were performed to estimate deep-level defects, yielding a low density of 1.79 × 1011 cm−2 acting as negative fixed charges at the LT-GaN and lower InAlN interface.
Arcs, hypercubes, and graphs as quotients of projective Fraïssé limits

Abstract We establish some basic properties of quotients of projective Fraïssé limits and exhibit some classes of compact metric spaces that are the quotient of a projective Fraïssé limit of a projective Fraïssé family in a finite language. We prove the result for the arcs directly, and by applying some closure properties we obtain all hypercubes and graphs as well.
The effect of plasma radius and profile on the development of self-modulation instability of electron bunchesa)

Plasmas available for plasma wakefield accelerator experiments may have longitudinal and transverse density profiles that could affect the outcome of an experiment. This paper investigates the effect of plasmas with finite radius and inhomogeneous transverse density profiles on the wakefield excitation and the self-modulation instability (SMI) development in overdense plasmas. We focus here on the case of an electron bunch. Simulation results show that such plasmas generate larger focusing force for the propagating electron beam and therefore higher growth rate for the SMI. Although the initial accelerating field (Ez) amplitude is lower in such plasmas, the increased focusing force can dominate the development trend of the SMI, i.e., larger saturated Ez amplitude can be reached over similar plasma lengths.
CORK TWISTING SCHOENFLIES PROBLEM

The stable Andrews-Curtis conjecture in combinato- rial group theory is the statement that every balanced presentation of the trivial group can be simplified to the trivial form by elemen- tary moves corresponding to "handle-slides" together with "stabi- lization" moves. Schoenflies conjecture is the statement that the complement of any smooth embedding S 3 → S 4 are pair of smooth balls. Here we suggest an approach to these problems by certain cork twisting operation on contractible manifolds, and demonstrate it on the example of the first Cappell-Shaneson homotopy sphere.
Inverse Scattering Approach on Tomography Problem Using Multi-frequency Data

An inverse scattering problem is formulated for reconstructing optical properties of biological tissues. A recursive linearization algorithm is used to solve the inverse scattering problem. We employed the idea of finite element boundary integral method and added suitable boundary conditions on the surface of the domain. The initial guess is obtained by Born approximation based on the fact of weak scattering. The reconstruction is then improved each time by an increment on wave number. Finite element method is used for the interior domain containing inhomogeneity. Nystr\"om method is used for setting up the boundary conditions and jump conditions. Two numerical examples are presented.