Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Osteoporosis screening support system from panoramic radiographs using deep learning by convolutional neural network.

OBJECTIVES This study was performed to develop computer-aided screening systems that could predict osteoporosis. The systems were constructed using panoramic radiographs of women aged ≥ 50 years through three types of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs): Alexnet, VGG-16, and GoogLeNet; the performances of the constructed systems were evaluated. METHODS One oral radiologist classified 1500 panoramic radiographs into three types. In C1, the endosteal margin of the cortex was smooth and sharp, whereas porosities were observed in C2 and C3. The risks of osteoporosis were higher in C2 and C3 than in C1; C3 had the highest risk. This information was included with the images as training data; three CNNs were transfer trained. Using each trained CNN, the diagnostic accuracy was assessed using panoramic radiographs and bone mineral density inspection findings in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of 100 additional patients. RESULTS All CNNs exhibited relatively good agreement with the oral radiologist's judgement (86.0%-90.7%). The predictive results of the three systems for osteoporosis of the lumbar spine showed sensitivities of 78.3%-82.6%, specificities of 71.4%-79.2%, and accuracies of 74.0%-79.0%. The predictive results for osteoporosis of the femoral neck showed sensitivities of 80.0%-86.7%, specificities of 67.1%-74.1%, and accuracies of 70.0%-75.0%. CONCLUSIONS The constructed systems were generally more accurate than the previously developed conventional system. The new systems may facilitate osteoporosis prediction and prevent subsequent fractures by encouraging patients with suspected osteoporosis to undergo further inspections (e.g., dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and treatment.
A Reliability Generalization Meta-Analysis of the Mother-To-Infant Bonding Scale

The Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) is among the most popular measurement tools to evaluate caregiver-infant attachment. We carried out a meta-analysis study to explore the generalizability of the reliability coefficients for the MIBS in different studies. The literature review yielded a total of 702 studies investigating caregiver-infant attachment. After removing duplicate studies, we also excluded compilations, meta-analyses, qualitative studies, those using different measurement tools, studies published in a language other than English, citations, and those whose full texts could not be accessed. Eventually, we considered a total of 26 studies with 33 Cronbach’s alpha coefficients that satisfied the inclusion criteria. We normalized the alpha coefficients using Bonett’s transformation, and the analyses were performed using a 95% confidence interval. The findings revealed a Cronbach’s alpha (n = 33) coefficient of 0.73 (CI = 0.68–0.77); hence, the present reliability generalization study provides evidence that the reliability scores produced after measurements with the MIBS in previous studies are acceptable across samples. Overall, further studies may reliably utilize the MIBS to evaluate mother-infant attachment.
Effects of compound probiotics on intestinal barrier function and caecum microbiota composition of broilers

ABSTRACT Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms existing in nature and animals and can be used in livestock and poultry breeding. Here, 240 1-day-old Arbor Acre (AA) broilers were used to study the effects of compound probiotics (CP) on antioxidant capacity, intestinal barrier function and caecum microorganisms. 2‰, 3‰ or 4‰ CP were added to the basal diet. Blood, jejunum, caecum and caecum contents of broilers were collected on day 60, and the jejunum histopathological observation, oxidative stress state evaluation, intestinal barrier function mRNA level and caecum microflora composition were carried out. The results showed that CP significantly improved the growth performance of broilers in 1-30 days. Moreover, CP supplementation increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents in serum, and increased the mRNA levels of zona occludens 1 (ZO-1), claudin-1 and occludin in the jejunum of broilers. 3‰ CP observably increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth, and the abundance of the genus Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Phascolarctobacterium, decreased the abundance of the genus Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, together with regulation of several genes that are responsible for signaling pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and endocrine and metabolic diseases. Taken together, the supplementation of CP could reduce oxidative stress levels, increase the mRNA expression levels of tight junction (TJ)-related genes and the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the caecum, which has a promoting effect on the growth performance in broilers.
Genetic liability to posttraumatic stress disorder and its association with postpartum depression

Abstract Background Childbirth may be a traumatic experience and vulnerability to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may increase the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). We investigated whether genetic vulnerability to PTSD as measured by polygenic score (PGS) increases the risk of PPD and whether a predisposition to PTSD in PPD cases exceeds that of major depressive disorder (MDD) outside the postpartum period. Methods This case-control study included participants from the iPSYCH2015, a case-cohort of all singletons born in Denmark between 1981 and 2008. Restricting to women born between 1981 and 1997 and excluding women with a first diagnosis other than depression (N = 22 613), 333 were identified with PPD. For each PPD case, 999 representing the background population and 993 with MDD outside the postpartum were matched by calendar year at birth, cohort selection, and age. PTSD PGS was calculated from summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium with LDpred2-auto. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for parental psychiatric history and country of origin, PGS for MDD and age at first birth, and the first 10 principal components. Results The PTSD PGS was significantly associated with PPD (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.20–1.68 per standard deviation increase in PTSD PGS) compared to healthy female controls. Genetic PTSD vulnerability in PPD cases did not exceed that of matched female depression cases outside the postpartum period (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94–1.30 per standard deviation increase). Conclusions Genetic vulnerability to PTSD increased the risk of PPD but did not differ between PPD cases and women with depression at other times.
Next-generation pathology practices with mass spectrometry imaging.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful technique that reveals the spatial distribution of various molecules in biological samples, and it is widely used in pathology-related research. In this review, we summarize common MSI techniques, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and desorption electrospray ionization MSI, and their applications in pathological research, including disease diagnosis, microbiology, and drug discovery. We also describe the improvements of MSI, focusing on the accumulation of imaging data sets, expansion of chemical coverage, and identification of biological significant molecules, that have prompted the evolution of MSI to meet the requirements of pathology practices. Overall, this review details the applications and improvements of MSI techniques, demonstrating the potential of integrating MSI techniques into next-generation pathology practices.
Clinical application and prospect of MRD evaluation in lung cancer based on ctDNA level: A review

Lung cancer is one of the most malignant cancers in China with a rising incidence rate. Despite the fact that surgical treatment is the only possible cure for lung cancer, its long-term efficacy is compromised by the high level of postoperative local recurrence rate. Minimal residual disease is the leading cause of tumor recurrence, yet the suggested combination of clinical, radiological and serological (carcinoembryonic antigen) tests fails to reveal the underlying residual tissue in all stage I-III lung cancer cases, which makes tumor recurrence surveillance timely. Through monitoring circulating tumor DNA, the minimal residual disease level can be accessed and provide guidance for more precise postoperative personalized treatment, and its scientific feasibility can revolutionize lung cancer therapy. In the present review we summarized the progress of circulating tumor DNA in lung cancer minimal residual disease detection and discussed its application value in guiding precise treatment of lung cancer.
FOLATE METABOLISM IN PLANTS: AN ARABIDOPSIS HOMOLOG OF THE MAMMALIAN MITOCHONDRIAL FOLATE TRANSPORTER MEDIATES FOLATE IMPORT INTO CHLOROPLASTS

The distribution of folates in plant cells suggests a complex traffic of the vitamin between the organelles and the cytosol. The Arabidopsis thaliana protein AtFOLT1 encoded by the At5g66380 gene is the closest homolog of the Mitochondrial Folate Transporters (MFT) characterized in mammalian cells. AtFOLT1 belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family but GFP-tagging experiments and western blot analyses indicated that it is targeted to the envelope of chloroplasts. By using the glycine auxotroph Chinese hamster ovary glyB cell line, which lacks
Large N

Some mysterious features of the strong interactions become easily understood if our usual QCD with N=3 is `close to' SU(oo) and if the latter theory is confining. N=oo theories are theoretically simpler; in particular there has been much progress in constructing weak-coupling duals in string theory. In this poster I will describe some of the things that recent lattice calculations tell us about the large-N limit of SU(N) gauge theories in 3+1 dimensions. The focus is on confinement, how close SU(oo) is to SU(3), new stable strings at larger N, the Pomeron, deconfinement, topology, 't Hooft string tensions. I also allude to other topics, such as the high-T pressure deficit, chiral physics and the phases of the theory.
04 01 04 8 v 2 2 3 Se p 20 04 Coordinate noncommutativity in strong non-uniform magnetic fields

Noncommutativity of space coordinates has been much studied from various points of view [1, 2, 3]. It arises naturally in string theory, where it is related to the presence of a strong background magnetic-like field. If this is constant, one obtains the more familiar case where the coordinate noncommutativity [x, x ] is a constant antisymmetric quantity. However, if the background field depends on the spatial coordinates, one would expect the coordinate noncommutativity to be a local function. This possibility has been recently studied in the context of noncommutative gauge field theories [4]. On the other hand, coordinate noncommutativity may also arise in more physical situations involving the motion of electric charges in a strong external magnetic field [5, 6]. When a charged (e) and massive (m) particle moves on a plane (x, y) in the presence of a strong constant magnetic field B pointing along the z-axis, it has been shown that the noncommutativity of space coordinates is of order of the inverse of the magnetic field:
Comparative Efficacy of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Acceptance & Commitment Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Background: Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) researchers carry assumptions about the characteristics of these therapies, and the extent to which they differ from one another. This article examines proposed differences between ACT and CBT for Generalised anxiety disorder, including aspects of treatment components, processes, and outcomes. Cognitive Behaviour therapy (CBT) is an empirically supported treatment for anxiety disorders. However, not all individuals respond to treatment and many who show improvement do not maintain their gains over the long-term. Thus, alternative treatments are explored. Methods: The current study (N=30) was a three group design, comparing Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Control group of participants with ICD 10 diagnosis of Generalised Anxiety Disorder has been taken. Participants completed 12 sessions of CBT or ACT or a 12-week waiting period. Baseline assessment done with all the participants and post-treatment assessment was done after completion of the therapy sessions. Assessments consisted of clinician ratings measures. As it is a three group design so Kruskal-Wallis H test has been used for the analysis of data to examine between-group differences on outcomes measures. Result: Both treatment groups control group, with no significant differences observed between CBT and ACT on post assessment. Conclusion: Overall improvement was similar between ACT and CBT, indicating that ACT is a highly viable treatment for anxiety disorders as The sample for the study consisted of 30 persons diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder that were taken from the psychiatric setup. The age range of the participants varies from 20 to 50 years. Both male and female participants were taken in the sample. The sample was randomly assigned to three group CBT, ACT and Control.
Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study

Abstract Objectives The prospective cohort design is an important research design, but a common challenge is missing data. The purpose of this study is to compare three approaches to managing missing data, the pairwise (n = 1386 children), the partial or modified pairwise (n = 1019) and the listwise (n = 546), to characterize the trajectories of children's free sugars intake (FSI) across early childhood. Methods By applying the Group‐based Trajectory Model Technique to three waves of data collected from a prospective cohort study of South Australian children, this study examined the three approaches in managing missing data to validate and discuss children's FSI trajectories. Results Each approach identified three distinct trajectories of child's FSI from 1 to 5 years of age: (1) ‘low and fast increasing’, (2) ‘moderate and increasing’ and (3) ‘high and increasing’. The trajectory memberships were consistent across the three approaches, and were for the pairwise scenario (1) 15.1%, (2) 68.3% and (3) 16.6%; the partial or modified pairwise (1) 15.9%, (2) 64.1% and (3) 20.0%; and the listwise (1) 14.9%, (2) 64.9% and (3) 20.2% of children. Conclusions Given the comparability of the findings across the analytical approaches and the samples' characteristics between baseline and across different data collection waves, it is recommended that the pairwise approach be used in future analyses to optimize the sample size and statistical power when examining the relationship between FSI in the first years of life and health outcome such as dental caries.
In-hospital end-of-life care in the old: a retrospective study of intensive care unit use and do-not-resuscitate forms in patients deceased in a Belgian university hospital

ABSTRACT Objectives To explore the quality of in-hospital end-of-life care in adult patients with special attention to those 75 years and older and to make a comparison with the situation 10 years ago. Methods Data were retrospectively collected on adult patients who deceased at Ghent University Hospital between September 2018 and December 2019. The main outcome measures were ‘ICU use’ and ‘presence of DNR forms on non-ICU units’ in the final hospitalization. In order to identify possible risk factors for ICU use, logistic regression was performed. Results In total, 762 people died, of whom 35% were 75 or older. Just as 10 years ago, one-third (31%) died in the ICU versus 49% of those younger than 75 years (p < 0.001). Of people ≥75 years, 38%, compared to 42% 10 years ago, received an ICU treatment during their final hospitalization. The median length of an ICU stay was 4 versus 3 days 10 years ago. After adjusting for gender, comorbidities and the Charlson Comorbidity Index, factors associated with less ICU use were higher age, active malignancy and dementia (OR 0.838, 0.116 and 0.098 respectively). Seventy-nine percent of older patients on non-ICU wards died with a DNR form (versus 87% 10 years ago). Conclusion Although there was an increase in the presence of DNR forms in the final hospitalization, no significant differences were seen in actual ICU use compared to 10 years ago. Factors associated with less ICU use were higher age, active malignancy and dementia.
Bespoke Fuzzy Logic Design to Automate a Better Understanding of Running Gait Analysis

Running gait assessment and running shoe recommendation is important for the injury prevention of runners who exhibit different skill-levels and running styles. Traditionally, running gait assessment for shoe recommendation relies upon a combination of trained professionals (e.g., sports-therapists, physiotherapists) and complex equipment such as motion or pressure sensors, often incurring a high-cost to the consumer. Despite this, assessments are still prone to subjectivity, and may differ between assessors. Alternatively, methods to provide low-cost, reproduceable gait assessment has become a necessity, especially within a habitual (low-resource) context, with many traditional methods generally unavailable due to the need of professional assistance and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic. Fuzzy logic has shown to be an effective tool in the assessment and identification of gait by providing the potential for a high-accuracy methodology, while retaining a low computational cost; ideal for applications within embedded systems. Here, we present a novel shoe recommendation fuzzy inference system from the classification of two key running gait parameters, foot strike and pronation from a single foot mounted internet of thing (IoT) enabled wearable inertial measurement unit. The fuzzy approach provides excellent (ICC > 0.9) accuracy, while significantly increasing the resolution of the gait assessment technique, providing a more detailed running gait analysis.
Smart Robot Wall-Following Control Using a Sonar Behavior-based Fuzzy Controller in Unknown Environments

Abstract This paper addresses a sonar behavior-based fuzzy controller (BFC) for mobile robot wall-following control. The wall-following task is usually used to explore an unknown environment. The proposed BFC consists of three sub-fuzzy controllers, including Straight-based Fuzzy Controller, Left-based Fuzzy Controller, and Right-based Fuzzy Controller. The proposed wall-following controller has three characteristics: the mobile robot keeps a distance from the wall, the mobile robot has a high moving velocity, and the mobile robot has a good robustness ability of disturbance. The proposed BFC will be used to control the real mobile robot. The Pioneer 3-DX mobile robot has sonar sensors in front and sides, and it is used in this study. The inputs of BFC are sonar sensors data and the outputs of BFC are robot’s left/right wheel speed. Experimental results show that the proposed BFC successfully performs the mobile robot wall-following task in a real unknown environment.
Representing and using functional definitions for visual recognition

This thesis addresses a deficiency in artificial intelligence research on visual recognition. Visual recognition of objects or functional relationships between objects usually relies on visual information available in a static scene. Motivated by psychological theories of concepts, this thesis argues for the importance of function for visual recognition and demonstrates how functional definitions may be represented and used for recognition. For some time, some psychologists have proposed a core vs identification procedure distinction between the various components of a concept. Translated into concepts of our concern, this means a functional definition vs symptomatic perceptual condition distinction. Symptomatic perceptual conditions specify what visual-featural or spatial-relational information available in a static scene must be detected for the recognition of an instance of a concept. Functions, however, are characterized in terms of interactions between objects. Functional definitions hence specify what behaviour of objects involved in the interaction over time must be observed for certain functions to be present. Visual instances of a typical concrete concept, such as chair, are usually specified by a set of disjunctive symptomatic perceptual conditions. This specification, however, does not allow generalizations to novel visual instances. A single functional definition, on the other hand, can admit a much wider range of visual instances than any single symptomatic perceptual condition and it can also allow the recognition of visually novel instances. Observation over time is not always necessary to determine function. Functional definitions coupled with knowledge of physical behaviour allow the system to infer function based on information available in a static scene. The emphasis of this research is in the representation and use of functional definitions for inferring function from static scenes. Two concepts are studied in detail in a computational and representational framework. One is a concept that describes a functional relationship between two objects--support. The other is an artifactual concept--chair. The generalization of the basic computational and representational framework to other related concepts are also discussed, but these concepts are not studied in computational and representational detail.
Psychometric evaluation of three-factor eating questionnaire -R18 in aging Finnish men with increased risk for type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Deeper comprehension of eating-related behaviour (how and why people eat) can reveal new aspects to support health and prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, such research is largely missing in aging men. AIM The aim was to investigate suitability of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) in Finnish aging men which is widely used to examine factors: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE). METHODS Study population consisted of 420 men aged 50-75, who completed the TFEQ-R18 at the baseline of the T2D-GENE lifestyle intervention study. Inclusion criteria were impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to study psychometrics (reliability, validity, and model fit) and factor structure of TFEQ-R18. RESULTS The items loaded to the three factors (CR, UE, EE) as in previous studies, except two items at CR factor and one at UE factor, which were therefore omitted. UE was also discovered split into two sub factors (named as 'craving' and 'loss-of-control'), UE being a higher-order (h) factor. The resultant revised version was named as Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire Revised to 15-items with higher-order factor (TFEQ-R15h). CONCLUSION The original 18-item version of the TFEQ was not optimal in the population consisting of Finnish aging men with elevated T2D risk. A modified 15-item version of the TFEQ could be used to describe EB in this population instead.