Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada Research, Policy and Practice

Introduction: This study examined the associations of micro-level factors with current alcohol use and binge drinking among a large sample of Canadian youth. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted among high school students enrolled in the COMPASS study between 2012/13 and 2017/18. We used generalized estimating equations modelling to determine associations between micro-level factors and likelihood of current versus non-current alcohol use and binge drinking among respondents. Results: Students reporting current cannabis use were more likely to report current alcohol use over never use (odds ratio [OR] = 4.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.33–4.60) compared to students reporting non-current cannabis use. Students reporting current smoking of tobacco products were more likely to report current binge drinking over never binge drinking (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 2.45–2.58), compared to non-smoking students. Students reporting weekly disposable incomes of more than $100 were more likely to report current over never binge drinking (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 2.09–2.19), compared to students reporting no weekly disposable income. Conclusion: Higher disposable incomes, smoking of tobacco products and use of cannabis were associated with current alcohol use and binge drinking among youth. Findings may inform design of polysubstance use prevention efforts in high schools. 4 5 Sleep health has been defined as a multifaceted sleep-wakefulness cycle, reflective of an mental 6 As good sleep is Abstract Introduction : A majority of studies on tobacco smoke exposure and sleep quality have relied on self-reported smoking, resulting in potential exposure misclassification and biases related to self-report. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between urinary cotinine, a biological marker of tobacco smoke exposure, and sleep quality measures, including sleep duration, sleep continuity or efficiency, sleep satisfaction and alertness during normal waking hours. Methods : Using data on a national sample of 10 806 adults (aged 18–79 years) from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2013), we performed binary logistic regression analyses to estimate associations between urinary cotinine concentrations and sleep quality measures, while controlling for potential confounders. Additionally, we performed ordinal logistic regression to assess the association between urinary cotinine concentrations and increased number of sleep problems. Results : Overall, 28.7% of adult Canadian survey respondents had urinary cotinine concentrations above the limit of detection (LOD), and the prevalence of each sleep problem ranged from 5.5% to 35.6%. Elevated urinary cotinine concentrations (quartile 4 vs. < LOD) were associated with significantly higher odds of short or long sleep duration (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.02–1.95; p -trend = .021), trouble falling or staying asleep (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.28–2.27; p -trend = .003), sleep dissatisfaction (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.21–2.89; p -trend = .011), and increased number of sleep problems (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.19–2.26; p -trend = .001). Stronger associations were observed among females compared to males. Conclusion : Using a biological marker of tobacco smoke exposure, our study contrib-utes to the body of literature of toxic environmental exposures on sleep quality by sup-porting an association between tobacco smoke exposure and poorer sleep quality. To address the limitations of a cross-sectional study design and to better assess the tempo-rality of tobacco smoke exposure and sleep quality, longitudinal studies are recommended. a biological marker of exposure. Tobacco smoke exposure includes first-hand smoke exposure in smokers, as well as second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in both non-smok-ers and smokers. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 5.0 million (16.2%) Canadians aged 12 years or older reported “My friends like me and care about me”; and 6) “I like to spend time with my friends. ” Abstract The Positive Mental Health Surveillance Indicator Framework (PMHSIF) provides estimates of positive mental health outcomes and associated risk and protective factors for youth aged 12 to 17 years in Canada. This study explored the relationship between sociodemographic factors and psychological and social well-being among youth in Canada using data from the Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey 2016–2017. Grade and province were significantly associated with psychological and social well-being. survey estimates were weighted with the survey sampling weight and estimated using the bootstrap method. conducted three adjusted logistic regression models. All statistical analyses were executed using SAS Enterprise Guide version This At-a-glance presents updated estimates for the Positive Mental Health Surveillance Indicator Framework for adults aged 18 years and older. Using data from the 2015 and 2017 Canadian Community Health Survey, we calculated the prevalence of positive mental health and associated determinants. Estimates for positive mental health outcomes for adults ranged from 68.1% to 87.1%. We also explored the associations between sociodemographic factors and positive mental health among adults in Canada. Our findings suggest sociodemographic differences in odds of self-rated mental health, happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological and social well-being. statistical analyses