Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Random planar structures and random graph processes

Diese Habilitationsschrift richtete auf zwei diskrete Strukturen aus: planare Strukturen und zufallige Graphen-Prozesse. Zunachst werden zufallige planare Strukturen untersucht, mit folgende Gesichtspunkte: - Wieviele planare Strukturen gibt es? - Wie kann effizient eine zufallige planare Struktur gleichverteilt erzeugt werden? - Welche asymptotischen Eigenschaften hat eine zufallige planare Struktur mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, werden die planaren Strukturen in Teile mit hoherer Konnektivitat zerlegt. Fur die asymptotische Enumeration wird zuerst die Zerlegung als das Gleichungssystem der generierenden Funktionen interpretiert. Auf dem Gleichungssystem wird dann Singularitatenanalyse angewendet. Fur die exakte Enumeration und zufallige Erzeugung wird die rekursive Methode verwendet. Fur die typischen Eigenschaften wird die probabilistische Methode auf asymptotischer Anzahl angewendet. Des Weiteren werden zufallige Graphen-Prozesse untersucht. Zufallige Graphen wurden zuerst von Erdos und Renyi eingefuhrt und untersucht weitgehend seitdem. Ein zufalliger Graphen-Prozess ist eine Markov-Kette, deren Zustandsraum eine Menge der Graphen mit einer gegebenen Knotenmenge ist. Der Prozess fangt mit isolierten Konten an, und in jedem Ablaufschritt entsteht ein neuer Graph aus dem aktuellen Graphen durch das Hinzufugen einer neuen Kante entsprechend einer vorgeschriebenen Regel. Typische Fragen sind: - Wie andert sich die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass ein von einem zufalligen Graphen-Prozess erzeugter Graph zusammenhangend ist? - Wann erfolgt der Phasenubergang? - Wie gros ist die groste Komponente? In dieser Habilitationsschrift werden diese Fragen uber zufallige Graphen-Prozesse mit Gradbeschrankungen beantwortet. Dafur werden probabilistische Methoden, insbesondere Differentialgleichungsmethode, Verzweigungsprozesse, Singularitatsanalyse und Fourier-Transformationen, angewendet.
Proposed Running Head : The Existence of Moments of Fuller and HFUL Estimators Corresponding

In a recent paper, Hausman et al. (2012) propose a new estimator, HFUL (Heteroscedasticity robust Fuller), for the linear model with endogeneity. This estimator is consistent and asymptotically normally distributed in the many instruments and many weak instruments asymptotics. Moreover, this estimator has moments, just like the estimator by Fuller (1977). The purpose of this note is to discuss at greater length the existence of moments result given in Hausman et al. (2012). In particular, we intend to answer the following questions: Why does LIML not have moments? Why does the Fuller modification lead to estimators with moments? Is normality required for the Fuller estimator to have moments? Why do we need a condition such as Hausman et al. (2012), Assumption 9? Why do we have the adjustment formula?
Generalized Power-Law Model of Magnetohydrodynamic Blood Flow with Heat Transfer

Unsteady non-Newtonian blood fow characterized by the generalized power-law model subjected to an external magnetic feld together with heat transfer through stenosed artery has been developed. The arterial segment is assumed to be a cylindrical tube and the arterial wall is considered to be fexible having cosine shaped stenoses a condition due to the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel. The full equations comprising the governing equations of motion, heat equation, the initial and the boundary conditions are solved using numerical procedure involves the discretization of the equations using the Marker and Cell (MAC) method, where pressure along the artery is calculated iteratively using the Successive-Over-Relaxation (SOR) technique. The results demonstrated through the simulations that under the infuence of magnetic feld, the blood temperature distribution over the entire arterial segment increases. The present results also predict the effects of the generalized power-law index and the Prandtl number on the distribution of blood temperature.
Dissonant Heritage: The Management of the Past as a Resource in Conflict

From History to Heritage Dissonant Heritage Dissonance and the Uses of Heritage Dissonant Heritage and Human Diversity The Heritage of Atrocity Central Europe: Managing Heritage in the Maelstrom Canada: Management of Dissonance in a New World Southern Africa: Dissonant Heritage as the Black Man's Burden Dissonance and its Management: Conclusions and Prognosis.
Laboratory Studies of Mantle Convection with continents and other GFD problems

We review first some laboratory studies that illustrate some of the nonlinearities that arise in geophysical flows. These include convection cells, viscous conduits, waves on the conduits due to changing sources and due to tilt of the conduits. Next, we illustrate fingering structures that result when flows alter their surroundings to retard their continuation. This is typical as hot material from deep in the earth rises to shallow regions where cooling is encountered. We then described recent work concerning the relation between convection cells and material floating at the surface. This is motivated from factors governing convection in the mantle of the earth. Continents are thickened when they collide or when they override ocean trenches. This might retard mantle flow, and it clearly influences the thickness of the continental crust. Other estimates of continental deformation suggest that continents slowly spread out by slow internal deformation and erosion. The link between the surface deflection of a floating layer and the parameters of cellular flow below the layer are quantified. Laboratory experiments show the deflection of a thin horizontal layer of plastic balls (as a model of continental material) floating on viscous silicon oil (as a model of the mantle of the earth) that is forced to adopt a cellular circulation. The oil is a model of a convection cell which laterally sweeps the balls into patches above the descending part of the cell. The balls tend to spread out in opposition to this convergence, resulting in a steady balance that determines the size and thickness of the clump of balls in the downwelling region. The experiment results can be scaled to the mantle convection/continent and they will give measurements of thickness as functions of the mantle speed and spreading speed of the continental material. 1. A review of some past studies in the GFD laboratory Laboratory experiments have a long tradition in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Studies in the fifties included many of the first attempts to make a model of ocean circulation, and well-known experiments that illustrated the western intensification of the ocean (Stommel Arons and Faller ) . In the 1960’s many of the first studies of double diffusion and of the effects of mixing were conducted in this laboratory (Turner 1973). This author arrived at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1972 and was involved in experiments that looked at cellular convection of high Prandtl number fluid at Rayleigh numbers up to about 500,000 (Whitehead and Chan, 1976, Whitehead and Persons, 1978). A summary of this and subsequent experiments is found in Balmforth et al. (2001) A typical flow pattern is shown in figure 1. This is a top view of a shadowgraph of convecion cells. The white lines are sheets of cold fluid that gathers near the top of the layer and sinks down to the bottom.
Kick: investigating the use of kick gestures for mobile interactions

In this paper we describe the use of kick gestures for interaction with mobile devices. Kicking is a well-st udied leg action that can be harnessed in mobile contexts where the hands are busy or too dirty to interact with the phone. In this paper we examine the design space of kicki ng as an interaction technique through two user studies. The first study investigated how well users were able to control the direction of their kicks. Users were able to aim their kicks best when the movement range is divided into segments of at least 24°. In the second study we looked at the velocity of a kick. We found that the users are able to kick with at least two varying velocities. However, they also often undershoot the target velocity. Finally, we propose some specific applications in which kicks can prove beneficial.
ON PREVENTION IN LOW BACK PAIN 2004 Summary of the concepts of prevention in low back pain ( LBP ) : •

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Heuristic Evaluation of Ehealth Interventions: Establishing Standards That Relate to the Therapeutic Process Perspective

In recent years, the number of available eHealth interventions aimed at treating behavioral and mental health challenges has been growing. From the perspective of health care providers, there is a need for eHealth interventions to be evaluated prior to clinical trials and for the limited resources allocated to empirical research to be invested in the most promising products. Following a literature review, a gap was found in the availability of eHealth interventions evaluation principles related to the patient experience of the therapeutic process. This paper introduces principles and concepts for the evaluation of eHealth interventions developed as a first step in a process to outline general evaluation guidelines that relate to the clinical context from health care providers’ perspective. Our approach was to conduct a review of literature that relates to the examination of eHealth interventions. We identified the literature that was most relevant to our study and used it to define guidelines that relate to the clinical context. We then compiled a list of heuristics we found to be useful for the evaluation of eHealth intervention products’ suitability for empirical examination. Four heuristics were identified with respect to the therapeutic process: (1) the product’s ease of use (ie, usability), (2) the eHealth intervention’s compatibility with the clinical setting, (3) the presence of tools that make it easier for the user to engage in therapeutic activities, and (4) the provision of a feasible therapeutic pathway to growth. We then used this set of heuristics to conduct a detailed examination of MyFitnessPal. This line of work could help to set the bar higher for product developers and to inform health care providers about preferred eHealth intervention designs.
Rebuttal from Mark Boyett, Yanwen Wang and Alicia D'Souza

Malik et al. (2019) highlight the clinical applicability of heart rate variability (HRV) as well as the successes of HRV in clinical risk prediction. Our arguments, as set out in our CrossTalk article (Boyett et al. 2019), do not take away these successes of HRV. However, our arguments do affect the interpretation of the association of altered HRV with a condition. For example, a decrease in HRV in heart failure is seen as a risk factor (Patel et al. 2017), but it may reflect the relatively high heart rate in heart failure rather than a decrease in autonomic nerve activity. In heart failure, it is well known that there is activation of the sympathetic nervous system to support the failing heart (Hori & Okamoto, 2012) and this is presumably responsible for the relatively high heart rate. The relatively high heart rate negatively impacts the heart – Fox et al. (2007) state that ‘resting heart rate is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all cause mortality in men and women with and without diagnosed cardiovascular disease’. In this scenario, the cardiologist will prescribe a beta-blocker or ivabradine to reduce the heart rate (Fox et al. 2007). Therefore, in heart failure the problem is not a decrease in autonomic nerve activity (as HRV measurements imply), but instead an increase in autonomic nerve activity. In general, Malik et al. (2019) ascribe changes in HRV to changes in cardiac autonomic nerve activity. It is possible that this could be a factor in some instances, but the responsibility is on authors making such claims to distinguish between effects on HRV of the autonomic nervous system and heart rate. Following the publication of our original paper questioning the validity of HRV as a measure of cardiac autonomic nerve activity (Monfredi et al. 2014), de Geus et al. (2019) published a review questioning our assertions. They concluded that they ‘do not view metrics of HRV as inherently broken or in need of fixing’, a conclusion with which of course we do not agree. Nevertheless, they published recommendations for future work in this field. We agree that one of these recommendations is a sensible way forwards: authors should report HRV metrics together with the R–R interval (or heart rate); this is often not the case at the present time. If the two are published together, the reader can judge the benefit, if any, of HRV over the R–R interval (or heart rate).
Evolutionary and Biomedical Insights from the Rhesus Macaque Genome

www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of April 13, 2007 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/316/5822/222 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/316/5822/222/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/316/5822/222#related-content http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/316/5822/222#otherarticles , 34 of which can be accessed for free: cites 67 articles This article http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/316/5822/222#otherarticles 3 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/genetics Genetics : subject collections This article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag. org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
Reporting chronic kidney disease in Greenland

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health burden affecting more than 10% of the global population. It is a multifactorial disease with many risk factors attributed lifestyle diseases. The prevalence of CKD in Greenland is unknown; however, the prevalence of risk factors contributing to CKD is increasing. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of CKD in Greenland. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional register-study including all Greenlandic residents aged ≥20 years with serum creatinine analysis within the last 2 years. We identified those with CKD based on eGFR and UACR and those registered with a CKD diagnosis code. Two limitations of the study are possible lack of data completeness and the reliance of a single time point to report CKD. Results: A total of 2,157 patients were identified with CKD with an age-standardised prevalence of 3.01%. Only 75 patients were registered with a diagnosis code for CKD. Approximately 80% of patients were classified with CKD stages 1–2. Conclusion: This is the first study reporting CKD in Greenland. We found a lower prevalence of CKD than reported by other studies, and a low number of patients correctly diagnosed with CKD. We call for increased awareness and diagnosis coding of CKD in Greenland.
Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents in Diabetic Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data From 7 Randomized Trials

0.09-1.13; P =. 08). Similarly, the risk of the combined endpoint of death or myocardial infarction was not significantly different between patients treated with a DES or a BMS (HR=0.64; 95% CI, 0.36-1.13; P =.12). Conclusions. Compared with BMSs, DES use improved clinical outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing primary angioplasty for STEMI: the need for reintervention was reduced, with no increase in mortality or myocardial infarction.
Memory inception and preservation in slime moulds: the quest for a common mechanism

Learning and memory are indisputably key features of animal success. Using information about past experiences is critical for optimal decision-making in a fluctuating environment. Those abilities are usually believed to be limited to organisms with a nervous system, precluding their existence in non-neural organisms. However, recent studies showed that the slime mould Physarum polycephalum, despite being unicellular, displays habituation, a simple form of learning. In this paper, we studied the possible substrate of both short- and long-term habituation in slime moulds. We habituated slime moulds to sodium, a known repellent, using a 6 day training and turned them into a dormant state named sclerotia. Those slime moulds were then revived and tested for habituation. We showed that information acquired during the training was preserved through the dormant stage as slime moulds still showed habituation after a one-month dormancy period. Chemical analyses indicated a continuous uptake of sodium during the process of habituation and showed that sodium was retained throughout the dormant stage. Lastly, we showed that memory inception via constrained absorption of sodium for 2 h elicited habituation. Our results suggest that slime moulds absorbed the repellent and used it as a ‘circulating memory’. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Liquid brains, solid brains: How distributed cognitive architectures process information’.
Comparative whole transcriptome analysis of Parkinson’s disease focusing on the efficacy of zonisamide

Objective Interindividual variations in responsiveness to zonisamide in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been observed in clinical settings. To decipher the molecular mechanisms determining the efficacy of zonisamide, we conducted whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of patients with PD. Methods We selected 23 super-responders (SRs) and 25 non-responders (NRs) to zonisamide from patients with PD who had participated in a previous clinical trial for the approval of zonisamide for the treatment of ‘wearing-off’. Whole transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood was conducted on samples taken before and 12 weeks after zonisamide treatment. We performed differential gene expression analysis to compare between the SRs and NRs at each time point. Results Differentially expressed genes in the pre-treatment samples were significantly enriched for glutamatergic synapses and insulin-like growth factor binding (P adj=7.8 × 10−3 and 0.029, respectively). The gene sets associated with these functions changed more dynamically by treatment in SRs than NRs (p=7.2 × 10−3 and 8.2 × 10−3, respectively). Conclusions Our results suggest that the efficacy of zonisamide in PD patients is associated with glutamate-related synaptic modulation and p53-mediated dopaminergic neural loss. Their transcriptomic differences could be captured before treatment, which would lead to the realisation of future personalised treatment.
Comparative whole transcriptome analysis of Parkinson’s disease focusing on the efficacy of zonisamide

Objective Interindividual variations in responsiveness to zonisamide in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been observed in clinical settings. To decipher the molecular mechanisms determining the efficacy of zonisamide, we conducted whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of patients with PD. Methods We selected 23 super- responders (SRs) and 25 non- responders (NRs) to zonisamide from patients with PD who had participated in a previous clinical trial for the approval of zonisamide for the treatment of ’wearing- off’. Whole transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood was conducted on samples taken before and 12 weeks after zonisamide treatment. We performed differential gene expression analysis to compare between the SRs and NRs at each time point. Results Differentially expressed genes in the pre-treatment samples were significantly enriched for glutamatergic synapses and insulin- like growth factor binding ( P adj =7.8 × 10 −3 and 0.029, respectively). The gene sets associated with these functions changed more dynamically by treatment in SRs than NRs (p=7.2 × 10 −3 and 8.2 × 10 −3 , respectively). Conclusions Our results suggest that the efficacy of zonisamide in PD patients is associated with glutamate-related synaptic modulation and p53- mediated dopaminergic neural loss. Their transcriptomic differences could be captured before treatment, which would lead to the realisation of future personalised treatment.
MaizeNet: a co-functional network for network-assisted systems genetics in Zea mays.

Maize (Zea mays) has multiple uses in human food, animal fodder, starch and sweetener production and as a biofuel, and is accordingly the most extensively cultivated cereal worldwide. To enhance maize production, genetic factors underlying important agricultural traits, including stress tolerance and flowering, have been explored through forward and reverse genetics approaches. Co-functional gene networks are systems biology resources useful in identifying trait-associated genes in plants by prioritizing candidate genes. Here, we present MaizeNet (http://www.inetbio.org/maizenet/), a genome-scale co-functional network of Z. mays genes, and a companion web server for network-assisted systems genetics. We describe the validation of MaizeNet network quality and its ability to functionally predict molecular pathways and complex traits in maize. Furthermore, we demonstrate that MaizeNet-based prioritization of candidate genes can facilitate the identification of cell wall biosynthesis genes and detect network communities associated with flowering-time candidate genes derived from genome-wide association studies. The demonstrated gene prioritization and subnetwork analysis can be conducted by simply submitting maize gene models based on the commonly used B73 RefGen_v3 and the latest B73 RefGen_v4 reference genomes on the MaizeNet web server. MaizeNet-based network-assisted systems genetics will substantially accelerate the discovery of trait-associated genes for crop improvement.