Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical-Experimental Plastic-Damage Characterisation of Additively Manufactured 18Ni300 Maraging Steel by Means of Multiaxial Double-Notched Specimens

Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a viable option for producing structural parts with a high degree of geometrical complexity. Despite such trend, accurate material properties, under diversified testing conditions, are scarce or practically non-existent for the most recent additively manufactured (AMed) materials. Such data gap may compromise component performance design, through numerical simulation, especially enhanced by topological optimisation of AMed components. This study aimed at a comprehensive characterisation of laser powder bed fusion as-built 18Ni300 maraging steel and its systematic comparison to the conventional counterpart. Multiaxial double-notched specimens demonstrated a successful depiction of both plastic and damage behaviour under different stress states. Tensile specimens with distinct notch configurations were also used for high stress triaxiality range characterisation. This study demonstrates that the multiaxial double-notched specimens constitute a viable option towards the inverse plastic behaviour calibration of high-strength additively manufactured steels in distinct state of stress conditions. AMed maraging steel exhibited higher strength and lower ductility than the conventional material.
Does Information and Deliberation Affect Ecosystem Service Judgments? Evidence from Tree Plantation Expansion in Argentina

Abstract Non-native tree plantations have become a significant presence on the landscape of northeastern Argentina. This study investigated perceptions of eucalyptus plantations in two Argentine communities: Ubajay, a community with significant historical plantation presence and forestry industry employment, and La Criolla, a community transitioning to a greater focus on plantation forestry. The purpose of this study was to determine effects of providing scientific results to community members and facilitating discourse on participant judgments of plantations’ ecosystem service effects and the acceptability of plantations as a land use. Following information provision and discussion, La Criolla participants judged plantation impacts more negatively than did their Ubajay counterparts. Our findings suggest that ecosystem service impacts are likely to be judged less negatively by those who receive socioeconomic benefits from plantations. Analysis of these changing community judgments emphasizes the importance of engaging the public with deliberative practices and exposure to the best available scientific information.
Comparison of two automated aerosol typing methods and their application on an EARLINET station

Abstract. In this study we compare two automatic algorithms for the characterization of the aerosol layers derived from a Raman lidar and we test their application over a specific environment in continental Thessaloniki. Both automated aerosol typing methods base their typing on aerosol intensive properties. The methodologies are briefly described and the application on two case studies is presented. The results are checked for their consistency with satellite products and model simulations. Further application of the two classification tools was conducted. The evaluated dataset corresponds to ACTRIS/EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar NETwork) Thessaloniki data acquired during the period 2012–2015. 80 layers out of 116 (percentage of 69 %) were successfully typed by both algorithms and assigned to four major types of aerosols: Dust, Maritime, Polluted Smoke and Clean Continental. The analysis showed that the two algorithms are in a very good agreement, when applied to real atmospheric conditions, with an agreement percentage of 88.8 % for Dust, 93.7 % for Polluted Smoke and 70 % for Clean Continental. The Maritime category was the one with the largest spread. These differences are attributed to differences in defining the aerosol types for the two methods. The overall consistency of the aerosol typing between the two automatic procedures despite the different aerosol type definition, allows their applicability to lidar data for characterization purposes. The joint characterization shows the highest degree of confidence in identifying Dust and Polluted Smoke, and emphasizes the need of further investigation for Maritime and Clean Continental type.
Moderating Effect of Demographic Variables by Analyzing the Motivation and Satisfaction of Visitors to the Former Presidential Vacation Villa: Case Study of Cheongnam-Dae, South Korea

This study aims to verify whether there is a difference in groups vis-à-vis gender and age in the relationship between the motivation and satisfaction of visiting the former presidential villa, Cheongnam-dae. Using structural equation models, we examined that Relaxation has a positive effect on satisfaction in all groups. However, the relationship between motivation and satisfaction, such as Convenience, Historicity, and Fellowship, reveals gender and age differences, while the relationship among three motivation factors differs by gender and age. Four motivational factors, i.e., Relaxation, Convenience, Historicity, and Satisfaction, significantly affected the youth (n = 171), while the three factors, i.e., Relaxation, Convenience, and Fellowship, significantly affected the elderly (n = 143). Our analysis encourages expanding ecotourism infrastructure to enhance the ecological value of Cheongnam-dae. It is also necessary to replenish related facilities and contents to enhance the effectiveness of ecological experiences and environmental education. Therefore, this work is significant as it contributes to the development of an analytic framework by discussing the difference between motivation and satisfaction.
68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT Imaging: Biodistribution, Dosimetry and First Comparison with 68Ga-PSMA-11 in Prostate Cancer

PurposeThis prospective trial aimed to evaluate the safety, dosimetry, biodistribution, and diagnostic efficacy of a novel theranostic probe 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA. Also, we have performed the first comparison with 68Ga-PSMA-11 in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.MethodsFive healthy volunteers and ten PCa patients with a previous clinical 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were injected with an intravenous bolus of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA with a dose of 1.85MBq/kg. Healthy volunteers received serial whole-body PET scans from the time of injection up to 60 min post-injection, with a second PET/CT scanning at 120 min post-injection. In PCa patients, low-dose CT scan, whole-body PET was performed with 2 min per bed position in 40 min post-injection. In addition, 68Ga-PSMA-11 scanning was performed on PCa patients within 10 days under the same acquisition procedure. Absorbed organ doses and effective doses were calculated using OLINDA/EXM. Normal organ uptake and tumor lesion uptake (SUVmax) were measured. A lesion-by-lesion analysis was performed.Results﻿68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA administration was safe and well-tolerated. The kidneys received the highest absorbed dose (114.46 ± 29.28 uSv/MBq), followed by the urinary bladder wall (100.82 ± 46.22 uSv/MBq) in accordance with the expected PSMA renal excretion of the tracer. The mean effective dose was 19.46 ± 1.73 μSv/MBq. The SUVmax of ﻿68Ga-PSMA-11 and 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT for PCa lesions, bone metastases, and lymph node metastases were 11.2 ± 10.76 vs. 4.41 ± 2.72, 7.6 ± 1.58 vs. 2.95 ± 1.11 and 4.86 ± 1.94 vs. 3.26 ± 1.2, respectively.ConclusionInjection of ﻿68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA is safe and associated with low absorbed and effective doses. Compared to 68Ga-PSMA-11, 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA shows comparable pharmacokinetics and detection ability in PCa patients that warrant further head-to-head comparison. Low non-specific uptake in salivary glands and kidneys of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA indicates potential radioligand therapy (RLT) application when labeled with 177Lu, 90Y, or 225Ac.
lncRNA-KCNQ1OT1: A Potential Target in Exosomes Derived from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for the Treatment of Osteoporosis

Background Osteoporosis is a worldwide medical and socioeconomic burden characterized by systemic impairment of bone strength and microstructure. Exosomes derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs-Exos) have been confirmed to play effective roles in the repair of various tissues and organs. This study was aimed at investigating the role of ADSCs-Exos and a novel long noncoding RNA KCNQ1OT1 played in osteoporosis as well as the underlying mechanism. Methods Primary osteoblasts were treated with different doses of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 ng/ml) and then cocultured with ADSCs-Exos or exosome-derived from lnc-KCNQ1OT1-modified ADSCs (KCNQ1OT1-Exos). The expression of miRNA-141-5p (miR-141-5p) and lnc-KCNQ1OT1 was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The protein expression of cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-3, and Bax was determined by Western blot. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. The binding sites between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-141-5p were validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results TNF-α dose-dependently increased miR-141-5p expression, inhibited viability, and promoted apoptosis of osteoblasts. However, miR-141-5p silencing or cocultured with ADSCs-Exos attenuated these effects. In addition, KCNQ1OT1-Exos could more significantly attenuate the induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis compared to ADSCs-Exos. Moreover, miR-141-5p was confirmed as the target of KCNQ1OT1 by luciferase reporter assay. Conclusions ADSCs-Exos can attenuate cytotoxicity and apoptosis of TNF-α-induced primary osteoblasts. KCNQ1OT1-Exos have a more significant inhibitory effect compared to ADSCs-Exos by the function of sponging miR-141-5p, suggesting that KCNQ1OT1-Exos can be promising agents in osteoporosis treatment.
Investigating the Role of the RNA Binding Protein LIN28 in the Human Placenta: Implications for Preeclampsia

xi Chapter One: Trophoblast Differentiation and Preeclampsia . 1 Preeclampsia . 1 Risk factors associated with preeclampsia . 2 Longand short-term adverse health effects associated with preeclampsia . 3 Decidualization . 3 Development of the trophectoderm and inner cell mass . 5 The placenta . 9 Placentation in early pregnancy . 9 Interstitial EVT invasion . 10 Vascular EVT invasion . 11 Syncytialization . 13 Impaired vascular remodeling in preeclampsia. 15 Soluble FLT-1 in preeclampsia . 18 Soluble endoglin in preeclampsia . 19 C19MC in the placenta and preeclampsia . 20 Inflammation in preeclampsia . 20 Chapter Two: The RNA Binding Protein LIN28 . 22 Introduction to LIN28 . 22 Regulation of Let-7 by LIN28A and LIN28B . 25 Gene regulation by LIN28A and LIN28B independent of Let-7 . 28 Regulation of cellular growth and metabolism by LIN28A and LIN28B . 29 Upstream regulation of LIN28A and LIN28B . 30 LIN28A and LIN28B in embryogenesis and pluripotent stem cells . 31 LIN28A and LIN28B in cancer and cellular invasion . 32 Gap in knowledge and purpose of this dissertation . 34 Chapter Three: Materials and Methods . 36 Ethical approval . 36 Criteria for inclusion in the study . 36
Performance evaluation of a state-of-the-art automotive radar and corresponding modeling approaches based on a large labeled dataset

Abstract Radar is a key sensor to achieve a reliable environment perception for advanced driver assistance system and automated driving (ADAS/AD) functions. Reducing the development efforts for ADAS functions and eventually enabling AD functions demands the extension of conventional physical test drives with simulations in virtual test environments. In such a virtual test environment, the physical radar unit is replaced by a virtual radar model. Driving datasets, such as the nuScenes dataset, containing large amounts of annotated sensor measurements, help understand sensor capabilities and play an important role in sensor modeling. This article includes a thorough analysis of the radar data available in the nuScenes dataset. Radar properties, such as detection thresholds, and detection probabilities depending on object, environment, and radar parameters, as well as object properties, such as reflection behavior depending on object type, are investigated quantitatively. The overall detection probability of the considered radar (Continental ARS-408-21) was found to be 27.81%. Four radar models on object level with different complexity levels and different parametrisation requirements are presented: a simple RCS-based radar model with an accuracy of 51%, a linear SVC model with an accuracy of 70%, a Random Forest model with an accuracy of 83%, and a Gradient Boost model with an accuracy of 86%. The feature importance analysis of the machine learning algorithms revealed that object class, object size, and object visibility are the most important parameters for the presented radar models. In contrast, daytime and weather conditions seem to have only minor influence on the modeling results.
Routes for increasing endurance and retention in 
HfO2
-based resistive switching memories

We investigate metastable and thermodynamically stable phases that can be expected to occur in electroformed ﬁlaments in resistively switching hafnia, and discuss their relevance for the switching process. To this end, we conduct a study, based on density functional theory combined with an evolutionary algorithm determining the composition-dependent (meta)stable phases in HfO x , focusing on the region 0 < x < 2. We ﬁnd that oxygen vacancies in hafnia tend to form regular patterns, which leads to periodic metastable structures featuring one-dimensional open channels, thus favoring ionic conductivity in the host material, i.e., oxygen migration. The band gap of such structures is systematically lowered with increasing oxygen deﬁciency, resulting in metallic behavior when oxygen migrates out of the channels. Moreover, we ﬁnd that the solubility of oxygen in metallic Hf is very high, up to one oxygen per six metallic atoms, the concentration corresponding to a thermodynamically stable and ordered metallic compound, Hf 6 O. Therefore, thick enough metallic capping of Hf could play the role of an active electrode for hosting oxygen which migrates out of HfO 2 . In combination with reversible oxygen migration in predicted suboxide phases, this should lead to robust resistive memory cells with high endurance and long retention.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Recurrent or Persistent Lymphadenopathy in Patients with Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma

Objectives: We recently examined the utility of flow cytometric analysis in the diagnosis of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) by examining reactive T-cell features. This study aims to compare these features in sequential biopsies of persistent or recurrent lymphadenopathy in patients with NLPHL. Methods: We reanalysed the histopathology and flow cytometry findings of 9 patients with multiple biopsies for persistent or recurrent lymphadenopathy and either initial or recurrent NLPHL. A flow cytometry signature was considered suggestive of NLPHL if ≥12% of T-cells expressed CD57 or ≥3% of T-cells co-expressed CD4 and CD8. Results: A flow cytometry signature considered suggestive of NLPHL was seen in 18 of 20 specimens. Based on histopathology, 11 were diagnosed as NLPHL, 3 were initially underdiagnosed as atypical lymphoid proliferation, and 4 were initially incorrectly diagnosed as negative or progressive transformation of germinal centers. Flow cytometry showed similar expression patterns of CD57 and CD4/CD8 in T-cells between initial and subsequent biopsies. The remaining 2 specimens lacked the flow cytometry signature suggestive of NLPHL and were histopathologically diagnosed as reactive hyperplasia. Conclusion: Flow cytometry analysis based on our criteria is highly sensitive in detecting NLPHL. Correlation with the cytospin cytology may increase the diagnostic specificity. A negative flow essentially ruled out the possibility of NHLPHL.
Single-cell chromatin and transcriptome dynamics of Synovial Fibroblasts transitioning from homeostasis to pathology in modelled TNF-driven arthritis

Synovial fibroblasts (SFs) are specialized cells of the synovium that provide nutrients and lubricants for the maintenance of proper function of diarthrodial joints. Chronic TNF signals are known to trigger activation of SFs and orchestration of arthritic pathology via proinflammatory effector functions, secretion of cartilage degrading proteases and promotion of osteolysis. We performed single-cell (sc) profiling of SF’s transcriptome by RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and of chromatin accessibility by scATAC-seq in normal mouse SFs and SFs derived from early and advanced TNF-driven arthritic disease. We describe here distinct subsets of SFs in the homeostatic synovium, serving diverse functions such as chondro- and osteogenesis, tissue repair and immune regulation. Strikingly, development of spontaneous arthritis by transgenic TNF overexpression primes the emergence of distinct pathology-associated SF subtypes. We reveal 7 constitutive and 2 disease-specific SF subtypes. The latter emerge in the early stage, expand in late disease and are localized in areas at the interface between the invasive pannus and the articular bone. The associated transcription profiles are characterized by enhanced inflammatory responses, promigratory behaviour, neovascularization and collagen metabolic processes. Temporal reconstruction of transcriptomic events indicated which specific sublining cells may function as progenitors at the root of trajectories leading to intermediate subpopulations and culminating to a destructive lining inflammatory identity. Integrated analysis of chromatin accessibility and transcription changes revealed key transcription factors such as Bach and Runx1 to drive arthritogenesis. Parallel analysis of human arthritic SF data showed highly conserved core regulatory and transcriptional programs between the two species. Therefore, our study dissects the dynamic SF landscape in TNF-mediated arthritis and sets the stage for future investigations that might address the functions of specific SF subpopulations to understand joint pathophysiology and combat chronic inflammatory and destructive arthritic diseases.
A Simple and Efficient Framework for Sentence Similarity Measurement in Bengali Language

Sentence similarity measurement is a crucial task for the performance of several Natural Language Processing applications and it has received much attention mainly for English language. However, for low resource languages like Bengali, very few works have been done in this ﬁeld. This article proposes a simple approach to measure sentence similarity score for low resource languages. Rather than relying on complex approaches that try to extract lexical information from text, here, semantic information using language-agnostic language models based on BERT is extracted. The variable length pairs of sentences are embedded into ﬁxed length feature vectors using different language-agnostic BERT sentence encoders, then their differences are measured using some standard loss functions and ﬁnally the concatenated loss vectors are used to train a simple feed forward neural network to measure the similarity score between sentence pairs. The experiments show that this relatively simple approach gives satisfactory results when trained with Bengali sentence pairs. This approach requires almost no intricate pre-processing steps. Which means a similar architecture should work well for other low resources languages for which well performing stemmers, lemmatizers etc are scarce.
Toward an Integrated View of Ionospheric Plasma Instabilities: 6. Analytic Analysis of Thermal Effects

Thermal effects in the ionospheric plasma instabilities including the Farley‐Buneman instability (FBI), the gradient‐drift instability (GDI), and the ion‐thermal instability (ITI) are analyzed, focusing on analytic analysis of the previously obtained general expression of the combined instability growth rate. It is shown that thermal effects lead to generally nonmonotonic behavior of the growth rate with the background electric field E0 or, equivalently with the plasma drift speed VE=E0/B , in contrast with the conventional quadratic (FBI) or linear (GDI) dependence. The threshold electric field for FBI is demonstrated to exist at all altitudes, although at higher altitudes and/or at longer wavelength the threshold fields become too high to be observed in the ionosphere. The GDI growth rate is shown to be significantly modified by the thermal effects at long wavelengths. In the absence of thermal effects, the growth rate is proportional to a cosine of the flow angle, the angle between the differential plasma drift and the wavevector. Thermal effects result in an additional phase shift that maximizes at an altitude around 120 km, using representative high‐latitude ionospheric parameters, and in an increase in the proportionality coefficient by up to a factor of 2. The study highlights the usefulness of an analytic treatment for revealing additional insights into the instability behavior in the broad range of ionospheric parameters that may remain hidden using only numerical treatment.
Design of a multi‐fed combined circularly polarized inverted‐F antenna with stable phase center

In this article, a circularly polarized (CP) multi‐fed combined inverted‐F antenna (IFA) with highly stable phase center is presented. Based on the analysis of the traditional IFA unit, a four‐ports fed CP combined IFA is designed. Consisting of four combined IFAs, the antenna radiator has a shape of British Union Jack. In addition, four parasitic strips are introduced to improve the phase enter performance. A four‐way Wilkinson power divider is designed to feed the four IFA antennas with equal amplitudes and incremental phase difference of 90, which can maintain stable phase center. To validate the design, a prototype of the antenna working at global positioning system L1 band has been simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth is from 1.4 to 1.8 GHz. The maximum gain of 8.02 dBic is obtained at 1.58 GHz. Due to the symmetric structure, the simulated deviation of the phase center is smaller than 5.8 at the center operating frequency.
A Typology of Substitution: Weather, Armed Conflict, and Maritime Piracy

How do rebels choose among available tactics during civil war? How do they substitute one tactic for another? Although previous studies address these questions, they narrowly focus on the presence or absence of substitution. Differentiating the varieties of substitution, however, is critical. How rebels respond to their tactical environment—including weather conditions—depends on the type of substitution. I formally derive three types of substitution and test them by exploiting weather-induced exogenous variation in rebels' tactical costs for ground and marine violent activities. The analysis of daily panel data in 31 coastal conflict countries indicates that rebels substitute violent ground activities for maritime piracy but not vice versa. This asymmetry cannot be explained without differentiating substitution types.
Effect of Washing Methods on Gelation of Hybrid Catfish Ball with Red Curry Paste

This study compared washing methods for minced hybrid catfish meat, and improvements to the taste of the washed meat by the addition of red curry paste. The first experiment compared four different treatments methods: washing with cold water, washing with 0.3% (w/w) brine, protein isolation by alkaline solubilization (pH 10.0), and non-washing (control). The most successful method was 0.3% (w/w) brine washing, with a yield close to that of cold water washing. The fish ball made from brine-washed meat had a significantly higher gel strength than the cold water washed meat and lower expressible water than the unwashed meat. Red curry paste was then added at 0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12% by minced fish weight. The 7.5% mixture had a higher gel strength than the control with no change in expressible water, and was higher in both fiber and ash. In all cases, the addition of curry paste increased sensory scores in color, flavor, taste, and overall liking.