Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Global Warming Potential Paradox:

We address the issue of the design of climate policy in a dynamic, multi-greenhouse gas context. Despite well-established shortcomings, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) is the most commonly used index to compare greenhouse gases. We first review the shortcomings of the GWP from an economic perspective and examine some of the possible reasons for its success in the climate negotiations so far. We then examine the analytical properties of a second-best GWP-based emission target and compare the resulting second-best abatement paths with the first-best ones. We particularly show that the second-best CO2-equivalent target must exceed the CO2 equivalence of first-best abatements in order to reduce the bias induced by the GWP.
Retinole Acid and Interferon a Act Synergistically as Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Agents against Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma1

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy in which multiple independent lesions develop over time throughout the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Therefore, the comprehensive treatment of this neoplasm must include a chemopreventive arm to hold premalignant lesions in check, a role well-suited to antiangiogenic agents. Retinole acid (RA) and interferon a (IFN-a), drugs with known biological activity against HNSCC when used individually, are also inhibitors of angiogenesis. Here we show that they are remarkably synergistic antiangiogenic agents able to inhibit both the growth and the neovascularization of HNSCC injected into the floor of the mouth of nude mice. The mechanism of action of these drugs as antiangiogenic agents was 2-fold. They decreased the angiogenic activity of the tumor cells, and they caused the endothelial cells to become refractory to inducers of angiogen esis. When tumor cells were treated in vitro with IFN-a A/D, there was a dramatic drop in their secretion of interleukin-8, the major angiogenic factor produced by these tumors. When combined with RA, which causes tumor cells to secrete an inhibitor of angiogenesis, there was a synergistic inhibition of both tumor cell growth and secreted angiogenic activity. The combination of RA and IFN-a also acted synergistically on endothelial cells by reducing their responsiveness to both interleukin-8 and tumor conditioned media. Doses of each drug could be reduced by two logs without loss of activity. When animals bearing human HNSCC tumor cells were treated systemically with a combination of RA and IFN-a A/D at doses that were ineffective when used alone, dramatic decreases in both tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis were seen. These data suggest that the use of antiangiogenic mixtures may be a particularly effective way to design future chemoprevention protocols against HNSCC. endometrial carcinoma, and treat ment of advanced stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, esophagus, cervix, vulva, penis, and head and neck. This report looks toward the long-term use of RA and IFN-a together in a chemopreventive setting that would depend primarily on their antiangiogenic activities. It is shown that both agents act on HNSCC tumor cells to limit their ability to stimulate angiogenesis as well as on microvascular endothelial cells to prevent their response to angiogenic factors. Dramatic synergism was seen between these agents both against tumor cells and the normal endothelial cells in vitro. In vivo, they reduced angiogenesis and growth of HNSCC tumor cells, suggesting that their use in combination could be of significant benefit in the long-term chemoprevention of these aggressive neo plasms.
A Preliminary Study of the Effects from Different Sources of Qi on Telomeres

The concept of a life force energy called “Qi” is a fundamental concept in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), despite the fact that it cannot be measured using modern technology. For this study, we selected three different forms of potential sources of Qi to study the effect of Qi on cellular and organ level using telomeres as an indicator of aging. The three types of sources of Qi are as follows: The external Qi from a Qigong master, internal Qi generated by ingesting the Qi-invigorating Chinese herb, Astragali Radix , and from a Rotating Poynting Vector (RPV) device which generates an RPV-field which is reported to have similar property as Qi [1]. The results showed that for cells, the expression of TERT gene was up regulated and the telomere length was prolonged after the treatment of different Qi, but the change of telomerase activity was not significant, with only a slight increase at 4 hours after the treatment of Qigong external Qi. For animal organs, Qi from Astragali Radix was found to prolong telomere length in the heart, liver, spleen and lung tissue, but not in the kidney, brain or skeletal muscle of mice. We preliminarily conclude that the three different sources of Qi showed some similarity at the cellular level to improve the status of aging and that Qi-invigorating herbs can delay the shortening of telomere for selected organs of mice. More research needs to be conducted to better understand the effect of Qi on aging as well as its biochemical mechanisms. Bai. A Preliminary Study of the Effects from Different Sources of Qi on Telomeres.
Geometric optimization of microreactor chambers to increase the homogeneity of the velocity field

In this work microfluidic flow-through chambers are investigated. They are filled with magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) suspension in order to facilitate enzymatic reactions. The enzyme is immobilized on the surface of the MNPs. These reactions have been found to be flow rate dependent. To overcome this issue various chamber geometries have been examined and optimized geometries have been designed and tested experimentally. The investigation is supported with dedicated CFD simulations using the open source software OpenFOAM. The paper presents the theoretical background and the results of the simulations. The simulations have been verified with measurements and these too are presented in the paper.
Temporal Changes in Land Surface Coupling Strength: An Example in a Semi-Arid Region of Australia

: One of the critical components in understanding the climate system is the interaction between the land and the atmosphere. Whereas previous studies on land–atmosphere coupling mostly focus on its spatial hotspots, we explore the temporal evolution of land surface coupling strength (LCS) during a large-scale ﬂood event in a semiarid region in northern Australia. The LCS indicates the relationship between soil moisture and latent heat ﬂux, and the spatiotemporal variability in precipitation and soil water strongly affects the variability of LCS. The LCS is usually positive in the semiarid climate, where evapotranspiration (ET) occurs under the soil moisture–limited regime and thus increases with soil moisture. However,ouranalysesofcombinedlandsurfacemodelingandobservationaldatasetsshowhightemporalvariabilityofLCS inthecourseoftheextremeﬂoodeventfollowedbyadryingperiod. ThewetregionstransferredtheETregimefromthesoilmoisture–limitedtothetransitionsection,weakeningthelineargrowthofETwithsoilmoisture,whichresultedinthe decline of LCS. The LCS remained weak until the ﬂood retreated and the soil water approachedthe prestorm averagestate. Such temporal variation of the LCS has important implications for realistic parameterization of the land–atmosphere coupling and consequently improving subseasonal to seasonal climate forecast.
Mechanisms of Mitochondria! Photosensitization by the Cationic Dye, AVV'-Bis(2-ethyl-l,3-dioxylene)kryptocyanine (EDKC): Preferential Inactivation of Complex I in the Electron Transport Chain1

We investigated mechanisms of mitochondria! phototoxicity caused by the cationic cyanine dye Ar,Ar'-bis(2-ethyl-l,3-dioxylene)kryptocyanine (EDKC), examining the role of the mitochondria! membrane potential on the dye uptake by carcinoma cells in vitro, and both the dark and photosensitizing effects of the dye on the function of isolated mouse liver mitochondria. When human bladder carcinoma cells (EJ) were pretreated with 2,4-dinitrophenol or nigericin, cellular uptake of EDKC decreased or increased, respectively, consistent with dye uptake that is dependent on membrane potentials. In isolated liver mitochondria, during NADH linked substrate oxidation (using glutamate plus malate or /3-hydroxy- butyrate as substrates), low concentrations of the dye (0.25-0.5 MM) sensitized mitochondria to illumination with long wavelength light and inhibited both basal and ADP-stimulated respiration. Similar effects were observed during succinate oxidation, but only at higher concentra tions of EDKC (>5 MM)and at 10-fold greater light doses. NADH coenzyme Q reducÃ ase(Complex I) activity was inhibited by dye with or without light to an extent comparable to the inhibition of glutamate plus malate oxidation. Activity of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal enzyme in the electron transport chain, was photosensitized with high dye doses (>5 MM)and light, but the extent of inhibition was much less than the inhibition of respiration with succinate as substrate. ATP synthetase (F0F, ATPase) activity was minimally affected by 4.0 MMEDKC with or without 24 ,1/rnr light. We conclude that at low concentrations of dye, respiratory Complex I is a primary target for EDKC dark and light-induced toxicities. If Complex I is bypassed by using succinate as a respiratory substrate, the mitochondria can tolerate much higher dye concentrations and light doses. radiated, and assayed for ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Only oligomycin-sensitive activity is reported. Light Source. Photolysis of EDKC was carried out with a l kW xenon arc lamp using a water filter, a hot mirror, and a Corion S40-700 bandpass filter transmitting 680-720 nm radiation. The irradiance was typically 40 mW/cm2 within this bandpass, as measured with an International Light IL-1350 radiometer.
Development of a Phantom for Low Dose Mammography

Background/Objectives: Interest in regular mammography has grown as a way for early detection of breast cancer. In this study, we produced a phantom that allows for an evaluation of the image quality of images acquired at different phases using X-rays.Method/Statistical Analysis: To measure the radiation generated during breast cancer diagnosis using X-rays, the X-ray tube system by Varian was used to measure and analyze at a distance of 40 cm under the conditions of 22kVp, 20 mA, and 710mAs. To reduce errors in measurement, imaging of the breasts was done repeatedly for 10 times.Findings: In the absorption image, there were 5.0±0.2 fibers, 4.5 specks and 4.5 masses, making the total 14 which is higher than the 10 required to be officially authorized. In the dispersion and phase differential images, there were 5.5±0.0 fibers, 4.5 specks, and 4.5 masses, making the total 14.5 which is higher than the 10 required to be officially authorized. In addition the image quality was better than that of the absorption image. When a dosimeter was used, the radiation exposure was an average of 2425.85±0.33mR. When the absorbed radiation was measured using a glass dosimeter, it was 1,334±1.82? Gy. This was different from the value converted using the valid radiation.Improvements/Applications: In particular, phase differential imaging is expected to be applied to breast cancer tests where most of the tissue is soft, verification tests for foreign objects and forecasting of the progress in the disease.
PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT OF TOLUIDINE BLUE LOADED PLGA NANOPARTICLES ON PORPHYROMONAS GINGIVALIS

Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues, which can lead to tooth loss and significant sub-gingival tissue deformities anaerobic pathogenic bacteria, where Porphyromonas gingivalis play a vital role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is proposed as an alternative treatment approach due to bacterial resistance. Objectives: The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize the photodynamic effect of toluidine blue (TB)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles, in combination with a red light on the periodontal microorganism P. gingivalis . Material and methods: The present study include the following methods: 1) preparations, characterization, and optimization of TB-loaded surface PLGA nanoparticles, and 2) bacterial photodestruction mediated by cationic or anionic TB-loaded nanoparticles in vitro. Results: Particle size and zeta potential of cationic TB-loaded PLGA nanoparticles were 24.0 nm and +44.0 mV, respectively. TB loading and release show in sufficient concentrations in killing P. gingivalis . Nano-photody-namic therapy with TB-loaded PLGA nanoparticles inhibited 8 log10 the growth of bacteria at concentrations of 6.25-12.5 μg/ml. The minimal bactericidal concentration of TB for 8 log10 CFU reduction (0.5 McFarland) was 12.5 μg/ml. Conclusions: Nano-photodynamic therapy with cationic TB-loaded PLGA red light is useful in killing P. gingivalis than anionic TB-loaded PLGA. It gives future directions and promising results in clinical trials. shows that PLGA nanocarriers can efficiently encapsulate > 65% TB for cationic and approx-imately 40% for anionic nanoparticles. The surface morphology was smooth and round for both types of nanoparticles formulations to achieve the desired particle size and move through minute water channels present in biofilms. However, the cationic nanoparticles were able to release the drug at slow-paced for extended periods, unlike those of anionic nanoparticles. We have optimized the PLGA nanoparticle size, surface charge, and the efficient encapsulation of TB formulation at each
UV-beschä-Photodynamische Therapie – neue Wege, kritische Abwägung New Applications in Photodynamic Therapy: A Critical Appraisal

In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has gained in-creasing importance in the treatment of chronic light damage. The treatment of field cancerization which comprises malignant superficial epidermal carcinomas (actinic kerato-ses) plays the most important role. Many users have noted a pronounced positive effect of PDT on the cosmetic appear-ance of the treated patients. Recent studies have addressed this issue and have systematically examined PDT effects on epidermal thickness and dermal elastosis. The combination with fractional ablative lasers or microneedling can increase synergistically the observed effects. Complex treatment schemes combining PDT with IPL, pulsed dye lasers, microneedling or microdermabrasion are being used in rejuvenation and the treatment of acne or infectious diseases. The use of PDT for purely cosmetic purposes on non-sun-damaged skin is currently not preferred due to high cost and better competing technologies.
Unpacking the climatic drivers of US agricultural yields

Understanding the climatic drivers of present-day agricultural yields is critical for prioritizing adaptation strategies to climate change. However, unpacking the contribution of different environmental stressors remains elusive in large-scale observational settings in part because of the lack of an extensive long-term network of soil moisture measurements and the common seasonal concurrence of droughts and heat waves. In this study, we link state-of-the-art land surface model data and ﬁ ne-scale weather information with a long panel of county-level yields for six major US crops ( 1981 – 2017 ) to unpack their historical and future climatic drivers. To this end, we develop a statistical approach that ﬂ exibly characterizes the distinct intra-seasonal yield sensitivities to high-frequency ﬂ uctuations of soil moisture and temperature. In contrast with previous statistical evidence, we directly elicit an important role of water stress in explaining historical yields. However, our models project the direct effect of temperature — which we interpret as heat stress — remains the primary climatic driver of future yields under climate change.
Lynx Conservation in an Ecosystem Management Context

In an ecosystem management context, management for lynx must occur in the context of the needs of other species, watershed health, and a variety of products, outputs, and uses. This chapter presents a management model based on the restoration of historical patterns and processes. We argue that this model is sustainable in a formal sense, practical, and likely to provide for the needs of a variety of species, including lynx. Because our knowledge of lynx biology and disturbance ecology is limited, implementation of this model will be experimental and must be accompanied by a well-planned monitoring program.
325-452 Tourism 2019 04ENG.indd

Th is study examines the diff erences and similarities in the perceptions of popular tourist destinations between the English and German media in an empirical and quantitative way. Th e perception of a tourist destination country is measured by the sentiment in the media in the tourists' countries of origin — either the UK or Germany. Th e study measures such perceptions with the help of a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) artifi cial neural network that analyzes the perceptions in publicly available news streams in the UK and Germany. Th e results show that the online media indeed generates diff erent perceptions for some of the popular travel destinations. An equally interesting fi nding is that there is, in general, a broad consensus between the sentiments in the British and German media. Businesses in the tourism and hospitality sectors, news providers, political actors, and policymakers can use the methodology to analyze the source of this information gap and the impact on their operations and policies.
NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC

A Magic Mirror paradigm is an augmented reality (AR) system where a camera and display device act as a mirror where one can see a reﬂection of oneself and virtual objects together. Fiducial markers mounted on a number of hand held and wearable objects allow them to be recognized by computer vision, different virtual objects can be rendered relative to the objects depending on the chosen theme. The experience can be enjoyed by many onlookers without special equipment, unlike other AR experiences such as with HMD’s or tablet PC’s. A series of theoretical and practical problems were overcome to produce a working system suitable for educational and entertainment for the public.
Investigation in HIP Proxies

HIP proxies play an important role in the transition from the current Internet architecture to the HIP architecture. The major function of HIP proxies is to make up legacy (or Non-HIP) hosts as HIP hosts and enable them to communicate with HIP hosts without upgrading their protocol stacks. In this document, the legacy hosts served by proxies is referred to as the Made-up Legacy (ML) hosts. Currently, various design solutions of HIP proxies have been proposed for different working circumstances, and the effectiveness of these solutions can be influenced by various factors (e.g., the information of HIP hosts maintained in DNS servers, the position where a proxy is located, etc.). In this document, we attempt to investigate these solutions in detail and compare their performance in different scenarios.
Emerging countries, cities and energy. Questioning transitions

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Emerging countries, cities and energy. Questioning transitions Sylvy Jaglin, Éric Verdeil
Heteroaggregation, repeptization and stability in mixtures of oppositely charged colloids

We report a study of mixtures of initially oppositely charged particles with similar size. Dispersions of silica spheres (negatively charged) and alumina-coated silica spheres (positively charged) at low ionic strength, mixed at various volume ratios, exhibited a surprising stability up to compositions of 50% negative colloids as well as spontaneous repeptization of particles from the early-stage formed aggregates. The other mixtures were found to contain large heteroaggregates, which were imaged using cryogenic electron microscopy. Electrophoretic mobility, electrical conductivity, static and dynamic light scattering and sedimentation were studied as a function of volume fraction of the mixed dispersions to investigate particle interactions and elucidate the repeptization phenomenon.  2004
IN QUANTUM STATISTICS : dual structure and unbiased parameter estimation(Analysis Operators on

A problem of information geometry (diﬀerential-geometrical approach in statistics), namely to construct an exponential family and a mixture family on a smooth manifold in the parameter space $ \ominus$ of states (density operators) for ﬁnite quantum systems, is discussed: In $B(H ^{N})(N$ by $N$ matrix algebra), our statistical model is $S= \{\rho\in B^{++}(H^{N})=$ all strictly positive hermitian matrices, with $ \mathrm{T}\mathrm{r}\rho=1$ }, and we investigate two families of $ \rho(\theta)$ deﬁned by (The tensorial summation convention for repeated indices is used.) We prove some of basic theorems known in the classical information geometry extending and
20 An MIMic Queue with Interdependent Arrival and Service Processes

Most practical queueing systems have dependencies between arrival and service patterns. In this paper we consider the MIMic queueing system with inter arrival and service times having the multivariate exponential distribution of Marshall and Olkin. We derive the standard representation of the multivariate exponential distribution of Marshall and Olkin, and calculate the steady state probability vector by a matrix-geometric approach, and study a monotonic tendency of dependency effect on some random variable.
ACROSS THE EUROPEAN TERRITORIES

Title Research, development and innovation across the European territories Authors(s) Moore-Cherry, Niamh; Ancien, Delphine; Comerford-Morris, Ruth Publication date 2013-06 Publication information Gonzalez, R. and Carril, V. (eds.). European Regions in the Strategy to Emerge from the Crisis: Territorial Dimensions of the 'Europe 2020' Conference details Also presented at the SIESTA Final Conference held in Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, on 4-5 April 2013 Publisher Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Item record/more information http://hdl.handle. net/10197/4563