Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamics of galaxy mergers with supermassive black holes: is there a last parsec problem?

We study the formation of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) binary and the shrinking of the separation of the two holes to sub-pc scales starting from a realistic major merger between two gas-rich spiral galaxies with mass comparable to our Milky Way. The simulations, carried out with the Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) code RAMSES, are capable of resolving separations as small as 0.1 pc. The collision of the two galaxies produces a gravo-turbulent rotating nuclear disk with mass (10^9 Msun) and size (60 pc) in excellent agreement with previous SPH simulations with particle splitting that used a similar setup (Mayer et al. 2007) but were limited to separations of a few parsecs. The AMR results confirm that the two black holes sink rapidly as a result of dynamical friction onto the gaseous background, reaching a separation of 1 pc in less than 10^7 yr. We show that the dynamical friction wake is well resolved by our model and we find good agreement with analytical predictions of the drag force as a function of the Mach number. Below 1 pc, black hole pairing slows down significantly, as the relative velocity between the sinking SMBH becomes highly subsonic and the mass contained within their orbit falls below the mass of the binary itself, rendering dynamical friction ineffective. In this final stage, the black holes have not opened a gap as the gaseous background is highly pressurized in the center. Non-axisymmetric gas torques do not arise to restart sinking in absence of efficient dynamical friction, at variance with previous calculations using idealized equilibrium nuclear disk models. (abridged)
Dislocation and disclination densities in experimentally deformed polycrystalline olivine

Abstract. We report a comprehensive data set characterizing and quantifying the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density in the crystallographic frame (ραc) and disclination density (ρθ) in fine-grained polycrystalline olivine deformed in uniaxial compression or torsion, at 1000 and 1200 ∘C, under a confining pressure of 300 MPa. Finite strains range from 0.11 up to 8.6 %, and stresses reach up to 1073 MPa. The data set is a selection of 19 electron backscatter diffraction maps acquired with conventional angular resolution (0.5∘) but at high spatial resolution (step size ranging between 0.05 and 0.1 µm). Thanks to analytical improvement for data acquisition and treatment, notably with the use of ATEX (Analysis Tools for Electron and X-ray diffraction) software, we report the spatial distribution of both GND and disclination densities. Areas with the highest GND densities define sub-grain boundaries. The type of GND densities involved also indicates that most olivine sub-grain boundaries have a mixed character. Moreover, the strategy for visualization also permits identifying minor GND that is not well organized as sub-grain boundaries yet. A low-temperature and high-stress sample displays a higher but less organized GND density than in a sample deformed at high temperature for a similar finite strain, grain size, and identical strain rate, confirming the action of dislocation creep in these samples, even for micrometric grains (2 µm). Furthermore, disclination dipoles along grain boundaries are identified in every undeformed and deformed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) map, mostly at the junction of a grain boundary with a sub-grain but also along sub-grain boundaries and at sub-grain boundary tips. Nevertheless, for the range of experimental parameters investigated, there is no notable correlation of the disclination density with stress, strain, or temperature. However, a broad positive correlation between average disclination density and average GND density per grain is found, confirming their similar role as defects producing intragranular misorientation. Furthermore, a broad negative correlation between the disclination density and the grain size or perimeter is found, providing a first rule of thumb on the distribution of disclinations. Field dislocation and disclination mechanics (FDDM) of the elastic fields due to experimentally measured dislocations and disclinations (e.g., strains/rotations and stresses) provides further evidence of the interplay between both types of defects. At last, our results also support that disclinations act as a plastic deformation mechanism, by allowing rotation of a very small crystal volume.
Hyperbolic three manifolds of bounded volume and trace field degree

For a single cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold, Hodgson proved that there are only ﬁnitely many Dehn ﬁllings of it whose trace ﬁelds have bounded degree. In this paper, we conjecture the same for manifolds with more cusps, and give the ﬁrst positive results in this direction. For example, in the 2-cusped case, if a manifold has linearly independent cusp shapes, we show that the manifold has the desired property. To prove the results, we use Habegger’s proof of the Bounded Height Conjecture in arithmetic geometry.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition for Analyzing Dynamics in Multi-phase Flow in Porous Media

For multi-phase flow through multi-scale heterogeneous porous media, such as the pore space of rocks, the interaction between multiple immiscible fluids and an intricate network of pores, creates a wide range of dynamic flow phenomena. At larger scales i.e. scales relevant for practical applications such as carbon sequestration, this interplay of dynamic phenomena is often referred to as “complexity”. However, it is important to describe the persistent features of the flow in an adequate manner, to represent the “complexity” of the system. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is a dimensionality reduction algorithm that computes a set of modes associated with fixed oscillatory behaviours. In this work, data is extracted from dynamic two-phase flow experiments and analzed with DMD. We show that DMD can reproduce the data. Furthermore, not all dynamic modes are required to reproduce key dynamic features; this highlights the important spatial and temporal scales for flow. We show that dynamic mode decomposition was able to identify localized regions important to flow. Overall, DMD is proven as a useful diagnostic tool for complex 4D flow dynamics for multi-phase flow.
Slow Light in a Bragg Waveguide

One-dimensional defect photonic crystal (Bragg waveguide) is studied from the viewpoint of the slow light problem. The calculations are presented showing that in the TiO$_2$/SiO$_2$-based Bragg waveguide one can obtain the group index of $\sim$ 1000 and spatial decay length of $\sim$ 3 mm for a nanosecond-scale pulse. Distortion of the pulse due to the group index dispersion proves to be acceptable for the relative pulse delay not exceeding 10. We also analyze propagation of the light pulse in the Bragg waveguide with a quantum well inside and provide arguments showing possibility of reaching the group index of $\sim$ 10000. To the best of our knowledge, analysis of pulse propagation in a Bragg waveguide in connection with the slow light problem has not been performed so far. We will still much appreciate any information about such studies, if any.
Analytical potential–density pairs for bars

An identity that relates multipolar solutions of the Einstein equations to Newtonian potentials of bars with linear densities proportional to Legendre polynomials is used to construct analytical potential-density pairs of infinitesimally thin bars with a given linear density profile. By means of a suitable transformation, softened bars that are free of singularities are also obtained. As an application we study the equilibrium points and stability for the motion of test particles in the gravitational field for three models of rotating bars.
Identification of Bird Species Using Deep Learning

: Now a day some bird species are being found rarely and if found classification of bird species prediction is difficult. Naturally, birds present in various scenarios appear in different sizes, shapes, colors, and angles from human perspective. Besides, the images present strong variations to identify the bird species more than audio classification. Also, human ability to recognize the birds through the images is more understandable. So this method uses the Caltech-UCSD Birds 200 [CUB-200-2011] dataset for training as well as testing purpose. By using deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) algorithm an image converted into grey scale format to generate autograph by using tensor flow, where the multiple nodes of comparison are generated. These different nodes are compared with the testing dataset and score sheet is obtained from it. After analyzing the score sheet it can predicate the required bird species by using highest score. Experimental analysis on dataset (i.e. Caltech-UCSD Birds 200 [CUB-200-2011]) shows that algorithm achieves an accuracy of bird identification between 80% and 90%. The experimental study is done with the Ubuntu 16.04 operating system using a Tensor flow library.
Prime decomposition and the Iwasawa MU-invariant

Abstract For Γ = ℤp, Iwasawa was the first to construct Γ-extensions over number fields with arbitrarily large μ-invariants. In this work, we investigate other uniform pro-p groups which are realisable as Galois groups of towers of number fields with arbitrarily large μ-invariant. For instance, we prove that this is the case if p is a regular prime and Γ is a uniform pro-p group admitting a fixed-point-free automorphism of odd order dividing p−1. Both in Iwasawa's work, and in the present one, the size of the μ-invariant appears to be intimately related to the existence of primes that split completely in the tower.
Regularity of distributions of Wigner integrals

Wigner integrals and the corresponding Wigner chaos were introduced by P. Biane and R. Speicher in 1998 as a non-commutative counterpart of classical Wiener-It\^o integrals and the corresponding Wiener-It\^o chaos, respectively, in free probability. In the classical case, a famous result of I. Shigekawa states that non-trivial elements in the finite Wiener-It\^o chaos have an absolutely continuous distribution. We provide here a first contribution to such regularity questions for Wigner integrals by showing that the distribution of non-trivial elements in the finite Wigner chaos cannot have atoms. This answers a question of I. Nourdin and G. Peccati. For doing so, we establish the notion of directional gradients in the context of the free Malliavin calculus. These directional gradients bridge between free Malliavin calculus and the theory of non-commutative derivations as initiated by D. Voiculescu and Y. Dabrowski. Methods recently invented by R. Speicher, M. Weber, and the author for treating similar questions in the case of finitely many variables are extended, such that they apply to directional gradients. This approach also excludes zero-divisors for the considered elements in the finite Wigner chaos.
White Blood Cell Types Classification Using Deep Learning Models

Classification of different blood cell types is an essential task for human’s medical treatment. The white blood cells have different types of cells. Counting total White Blood Cells (WBC) and differential of the WBC types are required by the physicians to diagnose the disease correctly. This paper used transfer learning methods to the pre-trained deep learning models to classify different WBCs. The best pre-trained model was Inception ResNetV2 with Adam optimizer that produced classification accuracy of 98.4% for the dataset comprising four types of WBCs.
Adjacency Spectra of Random and Uniform Hypergraphs

We present progress on the problem of asymptotically describing the adjacency eigenvalues of random and complete uniform hypergraphs. There is a natural conjecture arising from analogy with random matrix theory that connects these spectra to that of the all-ones hypermatrix. Several of the ingredients along a possible path to this conjecture are established, and may be of independent interest in spectral hypergraph/hypermatrix theory. In particular, we provide a bound on the spectral radius of the symmetric Bernoulli hyperensemble, and show that the spectrum of the complete \(k\)-uniform hypergraph for \(k=2,3\) is close to that of an appropriately scaled all-ones hypermatrix.
SHORT COMMUNICATION VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF Dillenia reticulata King (DILLENIACEAE) ESSENTIAL OIL AND THEIR CYTOTOXICITY

This work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition and cytotoxicity of Dillenia reticulata King’s essential oil. The essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation, and its volatile components were analyzed through gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Twelve components, which constitutes more than 99.49% of oil content, were successfully identified. The most prominent components were bicyclogermacrene (44.18%), germacrene D (14.49%), β- gurjunene (12.59%), and elemol (12.25%). The cytotoxicity of essential oil was evaluated using an MTT assay. The essential oil exhibited cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines which are HepG2, MCF7 and A549 with the IC 50 values ranging from 61.5-68.5 μg/mL. The present study highlights the potential of using essential oil as an alternative for the development of chemopreventive or cosmetic agents for the pharmaceutical industry.
Categorical Semantics for Schr\"odinger's Equation

Applying ideas from monadic dynamics to the well-established framework of categorical quantum mechanics, we provide a novel toolbox for the simulation of finite-dimensional quantum dynamics. We use strongly complementary structures to give a graphical characterisation of quantum clocks, their action on systems and the relevant energy observables, and we proceed to formalise the connection between unitary dynamics and projection-valued spectra. We identify the Weyl canonical commutation relations in the axioms of strong complementarity, and conclude the existence of a dual pair of time/energy observables for finite-dimensional quantum clocks, with the relevant uncertainty principle given by mutual unbias of the corresponding orthonormal bases. We show that Schr\"odinger's equation can be abstractly formulated as characterising the Fourier transforms of certain Eilenberg-Moore morphisms from a quantum clock to a quantum dynamical system, and we use this to obtain a generalised version of the Feynman's clock construction. We tackle the issue of synchronism of clocks and systems, prove conservation of total energy and give conditions for the existence of an internal time observable for a quantum dynamical system. Finally, we identify our treatment as part of a more general theory of simulated symmetries of quantum systems (of which our clock actions are a special case) and their conservation laws (of which energy is a special case).
Amyloid (cid:2) production is regulated by (cid:2) 2-adrenergic signaling-mediated post-translational modifications of the ryanodine receptor

Alteration of ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated calcium (Ca 2 (cid:3) ) signaling has been reported in Alzheimer disease (AD) models. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying altered RyR-mediated intracellular Ca 2 (cid:3) release in AD remain to be fully elucidated.WereportherethatRyR2undergoespost-translational modifications (phosphorylation, oxidation, and nitrosylation) in SH-SY5Yneuroblastomacellsexpressingthe (cid:2) -amyloidprecursor protein ( (cid:2) APP) harboring the familial double Swedish mutations (APPswe). RyR2 macromolecular complex remodeling, character-ized by depletion of the regulatory protein calstabin2, resulted in increased cytosolic Ca 2 (cid:3) levels and mitochondrial oxidative stress. We also report a functional interplay between
Quality characteristics of the selected variant of Paulownia tomentosa (Robust4) wood cultivated in Hungary

Besides the continuously increasing demand for wood, the significant increase in its price also contributes to the increasingly broader use of fast-growing wood species and cultivars. Newer variants are continue to be cross-bred as a result. In case of a new variant within a species, it is questionable how it would adapt to a particular climatic environment and the quality of wood it would yield. The characteristics of the Paulownia tomentosa (Robust4) wood obtained from Hungarian plantations of are generally identical to those of the Paulownia tomentosa . The value of the air dry density - as typically for paulownia species- are very low i.e. 273 kg/m 3 . Its strength values (compressive strength: 9,6 MPa; tensile strength: 39,3 MPa; bending strength: 41,7 MPa; modulus of elasticity: 4116 MPa; impact bending strength: 1,4 J/cm 2 ) also reach, and in some cases, exceed those of the Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. and the Paulownia Clone in vitro 112 variant. Based on these, we can expect the same wood quality from the Robust4 version as from the other paulownia variants.
A Numerical Test of Padé Approximation for Some Functions with Singularity

The aim of this study is to examine some numerical tests of Pade approximation for some typical functions with singularities such as simple pole, essential singularity, brunch cut, and natural boundary. As pointed out by Baker, it was shown that the simple pole and the essential singularity can be characterized by the poles of the Pade approximation. However, it was not fully clear how the Pade approximation works for the functions with the branch cut or the natural boundary. In the present paper, it is shown that the poles and zeros of the Pade approximated functions are alternately lined along the branch cut if the test function has branch cut, and poles are also distributed around the natural boundary for some lacunary power series and random power series which rigorously have a natural boundary on the unit circle. On the other hand, Froissart doublets due to numerical errors and/or external noise also appear around the unit circle in the Pade approximation. It is also shown that the residue calculus for the Pade approximated functions can be used to confirm the numerical accuracy of the Pade approximation and quasianalyticity of the random power series.
Stellar Velocity Dispersion in Mergers: The Effects of Dust and Star Formation

We investigate the effects of stellar evolution and dust on measurements of stellar velocity dispersion in mergers of disk galaxies. $N$-body simulations and radiative transfer analysis software are used to obtain mass-weighted and flux-weighted measurements of stellar velocity dispersion. We find that the distribution of dust with respect to the distribution of young stars in such systems is more important than the total degree of attenuation. The presence of dust typically causes flux-weighted measurements of stellar velocity dispersion to be elevated with respect to mass-weighted measurements because dust preferentially obscures young stars, which tend to be dynamically cooler than older stellar populations in such systems. In exceptional situations, in which young stars are not preferentially obscured by dust, flux-weighted velocity dispersion measurements tend to be negatively offset with respect to mass-weighted measurements because the dynamically cool young stellar populations are more luminous, per unit mass, than older stellar populations. Our findings provide a context for comparing observationally-obtained measurements of velocity dispersion with measurements of velocity dispersion obtained from galaxy merger simulations.
Local ergodicity in the exclusion process on an infinite weighted graph

We establish an abstract local ergodic theorem, under suitable space-time scaling, for the (boundary-driven) symmetric exclusion process on an increasing sequence of balls covering an infinite weighted graph. The proofs are based on 1-block and 2-blocks estimates utilizing the resistance structure of the graph; the moving particle lemma established recently by the author; and discrete harmonic analysis. Our ergodic theorem applies to any infinite weighted graph upon which random walk is strongly recurrent in the sense of Barlow, Delmotte, and Telcs; these include many trees, fractal graphs, and random graphs arising from percolation. The main results of this paper are used to prove the joint density-current hydrodynamic limit of the boundary-driven exclusion process on the Sierpinski gasket, described in an upcoming paper with M. Hinz and A. Teplyaev.
Free Energy Perturbation Method in GENESIS

in on potential of The results of this study demonstrate that the lipid membrane is not just a medium, but also among the main factors determining the membrane permeability of molecules. The computational protocol proposed in this study and the findings obtained on the effect of membrane model composition will contribute to build a schematic view on the membrane permeation process. Furthermore, the results of this study will eventually aid the elucidation of design rules for peptide drugs with high membrane permeability. molecular Abstract Desired Protein complex can be designed, but not work as designed. → Complex of ”originally” functional proteins would be work. Abstract Desired Protein complex can be designed, but not work as designed. → Complex of ”originally” functional proteins would be work. This study: MD-simulation for dimer complex → Higher order multimer, hetero multimer prediction the binding is be its dynamic binding mode, a method that dynamic binding (MD) will be effective. In this study, using MD simulation, complex structure model of NTCP and binding peptides was explored. The regions of NTCP in contact with myr-preS1, Myrcludex B, and CsA were analyzed from the complex model. The NTCP residues with high frequency of contacts were essentially identical to the regions experimentally shown to be important for the HBV infection.
EXCLUSIVE ADVERBS IN OLD ENGLISH? A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF AN(E)

The study deals with means of expressing exclusive meaning in Old English records based on the texts of Helsinki Corpus TEI XML Edition 2011. The aim of the article is to investigate variant expressions in the English records of VII-XI cen. that laid the foundation for Present-Day English (PDE) exclusive focusing adverb only standing. The tokens retrieved from the Corpus are automatically analyzed with the help of #LancsBox which software package has been employed to analyse the data using the following tools from the package: KWIC, GraphColl, Words and Ngrams. Since focusing adverbs are known by their syntactic mobility as well as their interaction with Focus structure of the sentence the article investigates OE exclusive constructions from the perspective of scope and regularities of their positional variation as a result of information-structural effect. The notion of scope presupposes singling out two positions of the adverb: pre- and post-modification of the element it refers to. The methodology applied relies on c-commanding and phase principle enriched with Question Under Discussion method. The next methodological stage involves tagging of the sentence elements taking into account discourse representation structure. Thus, three major layers have been distinguished, viz. discourse given-new information, as well as, Focus and Topic of the sentence. As a result of the methods applied it has been proved that the form an(e) (PDE only) though correlating with sentence information structure has little, if any, effect on the arrangement of word-order constituents. Yet, the investigation has found that positional variations of the OE adverb are used as a mechanism of marking a peculiar type information actualization in the discourse, as well as, certain types of sentence Focus (informational, identificational, contrastive and emphatic), which are governed by the focus adverb position in relation to the word it modifies.