Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microorganisms Isolated from Hospital Environmental Surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria

Nosocomial infection is a rising problem in developing countries. Microorganisms Isolated from three private and public hospital environmental surfaces in Akure Metropolis, Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated in this study. Bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and compared among the three hospitals. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environmental surfaces than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria but Aspergillus funmigatus was the predominant fungi. The result showed that the microbial loads of the public hospitals were higher than that of the private hospitals. The bacteria load of the male ward was found to be higher than that of the female ward while the fungal loads of each of the hospital environmental surfaces of female were higher than that of the male. The study revealed that bacteria were the most predominant microorganisms found in the hospital environment than fungi. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus cereus were the bacterial isolates while fungi include Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be predominant bacteria. All the hospital environmental surfaces were contaminated with one or more microorganisms in the course of the research.
Trackways of the American Crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in Northwestern Costa Rica: Implications for Crocodylian Ichnology

ABSTRACT We documented trackways of free-living Crocodylus acutus on beaches at the mouths of Tamarindo and Ventanas estuaries, Costa Rica. Our crocodiles had estimated total lengths of 1–3 meters or more. Manus prints have five digits, with digits I–III bearing claw marks. Pes prints have four digits, with claw marks on digits I–III. The pes is plantigrade. Claws generally dig into the substrate. Apart from claw marks, digit I and the heel of the pes are usually the most deeply impressed parts of footprints. Trackways are wide-gauge. Pes prints are usually positioned just behind ipsilateral manus prints of the same set and may overlap them. Manus and pes prints angle slightly outward with respect to the crocodile's direction of movement. Claw-bearing digits of both the manus and pes may create curved, concave-toward-the-midline drag marks as the autopodium is protracted. The tail mark varies in depth and clarity, and in shape from nearly linear to markedly sinuous. Sometimes the tail mark hugs the trackway midline, but sometimes it is closer to, or even cuts across, prints of one side. American crocodile footprints and trackways are similar to those observed in other extant crocodylian species, indicating substantial trackway conservatism across the group.
Microbial diversity in bentonite, a potential buffer material for deep geological disposal of radioactive waste

Many countries are considering long-term disposal of nuclear waste in deep geological repositories (DGRs), encapsulated in metal containers, surrounded by a barrier, and emplaced in the host rock. Bentonite is found to be a safe barrier material because of its physical and chemical properties. The bentonite montmorillonite interlayer contains adsorbed organic matter and microorganisms, and therefore biogeochemical activity must be considered. This study focused on investigating the microbial diversity in Chinese bentonite by 16S rRNA analysis via Illumina sequencing to determine how these microorganisms can potentially influence DGR performance. The bentonite sample contained high microbial diversity, dominated by Archaea and abundant other bacteria. The community of Archaea included Nitrososphaera, Thermogymnomonas, and Methanobrevibacter, which are thought to play significant roles in nitrogen cycling, H2 and O2 consumption, CH4 production, and organic matter degradation. These processes can generate excessive pressure and may compromise the safety of DGRs, and therefore the use of bentonite as a barrier material should be carefully considered.
Double somatic mutations in CTNNB1 and GNA11 in an aldosterone-producing adenoma

Double somatic mutations in CTNNB1 and GNA11/Q have recently been identified in a small subset of aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs). As a possible pathogenesis of APA due to these mutations, an association with pregnancy, menopause, or puberty has been proposed. However, because of its rarity, characteristics of APA with these mutations have not been well characterized. A 46-year-old Japanese woman presented with hypertension and hypokalemia. She had two pregnancies in the past but had no history of pregnancy-induced hypertension. She had regular menstrual cycle at presentation and was diagnosed as having primary aldosteronism after endocrinologic examinations. Computed tomography revealed a 2 cm right adrenal mass. Adrenal venous sampling demonstrated excess aldosterone production from the right adrenal gland. She underwent right laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The resected right adrenal tumor was histologically diagnosed as adrenocortical adenoma and subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed diffuse immunoreactivity of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and visinin like 1, a marker of the zona glomerulosa (ZG), whereas 11β-hydroxylase, a steroidogenic enzyme for cortisol biosynthesis, was mostly negative. CYP11B2 IHC-guided targeted next-generation sequencing identified somatic CTNNB1 (p.D32Y) and GNA11 (p.Q209H) mutations. Immunofluorescence staining of the tumor also revealed the presence of activated β-catenin, consistent with features of the normal ZG. The expression patterns of steroidogenic enzymes and related proteins indicated ZG features of the tumor cells. PA was clinically and biochemically cured after surgery. In conclusion, our study indicated that CTNNB1 and GNA11-mutated APA has characteristics of the ZG. The disease could occur in adults with no clear association with pregnancy or menopause.
Syphilis and advancements in its treatment

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Pallidum and its subspecies is a spirochete microaerophilic virus that sensitive to oxygen and temperature. T. pallidum is responsible for causing syphilis through sexual exposure and vertical transmission from pregnant women to their fetuses. The invasiveness and immunoevasiveness of syphilis is caused by its lack of outer membrane immune targets and with fewer surface transmembrane protein. These features explain why syphilis causes millions of people suffered from this disease and the incidence is still increasing. For the four stages of syphilis, there are different symptoms and courses of treatment approach should be taken. The administration of penicillin has reached a level of maturity and clarity in its therapeutic application. An alternative way of treatment involves the utilization of DNA vaccine. The more refined DNA vaccine technic suggests potential utility of the DNA vaccine in T.pallidum treatment. Furthermore, this review explores the current study on vaccine mRNA which holds substantial promise as a valuable avenue for syphilis treatment. T.pallidum, syphilis, transmission .
Changes in real-world dispensing of ADHD stimulants in youth from 2019 to 2021 in California

Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common pediatric neurobehavioral disorders in the U.S. Stimulants, classified as controlled substances, are commonly used for ADHD management. We conducted an analysis of real-world stimulants dispensing data to evaluate the pandemic’s impact on young patients (≤ 26 years) in California. Methods Annual prevalence of patients on stimulants per capita across various California counties from 2019 and 2021 were analyzed and further compared across different years, sexes, and age groups. New patients initiating simulants therapy were also examined. A case study was conducted to determine the impact of socioeconomic status on patient prevalence within different quintiles in Los Angeles County using patient zip codes. Logistic regression analysis using R Project was employed to determine demographic factors associated with concurrent use of stimulants with other controlled substances. Results There was a notable reduction in prevalence of patients ≤26 years old on stimulants during and after the pandemic per 100,000 people (777 in 2019; 743 in 2020; 751 in 2021). These decreases were more evident among the elementary and adolescent age groups. The most prevalent age group on stimulants were adolescents (12–17 years) irrespective of the pandemic. A significant rise in the number of female patients using stimulants was observed, increasing from 107,957 (35.2%) in 2019 to 121,241 (41.1%) in 2021. New patients initiating stimulants rose from 102,754 in 2020 to 106,660 in 2021, with 33.2% being young adults. In Los Angeles County, there was an increasing trend in patient prevalence from Q1 to Q5 income quintiles among patients ≥6 years. Consistently each year, the highest average income quintile exhibited the highest per capita prevalence. Age was associated with higher risk of concurrent use of benzodiazepines (OR, 1.198 [95% CI, 1.195–1.201], p < 0.0001) and opioids (OR, 1.132 [95% CI, 1.130–1.134], p < 0.0001) with stimulants. Discussion Our study provides real-world information on dispensing of ADHD stimulants in California youth from 2019 to 2021. The results underscore the importance of optimizing evidence-based ADHD management in pediatric patients and young adults to mitigate disparities in the use of stimulants.
Neutrophil activation marker CD15+ as a prognostic factor of ocular surface damage in type 2 diabetics

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic value of the neutrophil activation marker CD15+ in ocular surface damage in type 2 diabetics. Material and Methods: This study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2021 at the Pirogov Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Hospital, the clinical site of the Medical University. A total of 60 type 2 diabetics (120 eyes) were enrolled, with an average age of 62.1 ± 5.24 years. Results: The prognostic value of the percentage expression of CD15+ in ocular surface damage in type 2 diabetics was for the first time evaluated. A rather high sensitivity of the percentage expression of CD15 (88.3%) allows using it as a parameter for screening for the presence of ocular surface damage in type 2 diabetics. Type 2 diabetics with a percentage of >27% of CD15+ cells had 10.52 times increased odds of ocular surface damage (95%CI, 4.34–25.50; p < 0.0001), and this value of the percentage of CD15+ cells can be used for the purpose of screening for ocular surface damage with a sensitivity of 88.3% (95% СІ, 77.8-94.2) and specificity of 63.3% (95% СІ, 50.7-74
Self-Fulfilling Credit Cycles ∗

In U.S. data 1981–2012, unsecured firm credit moves procyclically and tends to lead GDP, while secured firm credit is at best acyclical. In this paper we develop a tractable dynamic general equilibrium model in which unsecured firm credit arises from self-enforcing borrowing constraints preventing an efficient capital allocation among heterogeneous firms. Capital from less productive firms is lent to more productive ones in the form of credit secured by collateral and also as unsecured credit based on reputation which is a forwardlooking variable. We argue that self-fulfilling beliefs over future credit conditions naturally generate endogenously persistent business cycle dynamics. A dynamic complementarity between current and future borrowing limits permits uncorrelated sunspot shocks to trigger persistent aggregate fluctuations in debt, factor productivity and output. We show that sunspot shocks are quantitatively important, accounting for a substantial part of the volatility in firm credit and output. JEL classification: D92, E32
Serum Phenylalanine, Myo-inositol, and 1,5-Anhydrohexitol biosignature differentiate neonatal sepsis cases from controls

Sepsis, a life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction by a dysregulated host response, is one of the leading causes of mortality in neonates. Current microbiology-based sepsis diagnosis is time-consuming, and identifying serum metabolite markers may help develop early screening tools and host-directed therapeutics. A set of 131 neonates (age 41.2% female) were classified as culture-positive or negative sepsis cases (CP, CN) and controls (no sepsis: NS and healthy) based on microbial culture and mass spectrometry results. Most of the sepsis cases were due to Acinetobacter baumannii, and serum samples were collected at the time of presentation and at follow-up time points responding to the treatment. Serum samples were grouped as discovery (n=71) and validation (n=60) sets and analyzed using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A set of 882 metabolic features was identified, and molecules with a fold change>1.5, VIP score> 1.0, and t-test p-value<0.05 were identified as important molecules. Signatures of myo-inositol with phenylalanine and myo-inositol with 1,5-anhydrohexitol showed a predictive accuracy of 0.84 and 0.79, respectively, to differentiate CP and CN from HC. Interestingly, the longitudinally followed-up CP and CN sepsis patients completing therapeutic intervention showed a comparable abundance of myo-inositol and phenylalanine to the healthy control levels. These deregulated metabolites contributed by the perturbed metabolic pathways in the immune cells or affected multiple organs of sepsis patients. They could be further explored for their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
FINAL RESULTS PART 2: CREATING OF PREDICTION MODEL MAPS OF EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES WITH GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) IN THE MARMARA SEA AND SURROUNDING, TURKEY

In this study, we investigated earthquake occurrences to created prediction model maps in the Marmara Sea and surrounding. So, we used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for this maps. After, the statistical analysis estimated for catalogue and study area divided into 6 different seismic source zone based on some important information. We used deterministic methods to investigated earthquake occurrences and created probability model maps in GIS. These methods were respectively, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) was a quick deterministic interpolator that was exact, Global Polynomial (GPI) was a quick deterministic interpolator that is smooth (inexact), Radial Basis Functions (RBF) were moderately quick deterministic interpolators that are exact, Local Polynomial (LPI) was a moderately quick interpolator that is smooth (inexact). We calculated earthquake occurrences and compared prediction model maps of this methods. As a result, Marmara Sea zone will be occur an earthquake at 7.5 magnitude in the next 100-year, while Izmit-Sakarya zone will be occur will be occur an earthquake at 6 and above magnitude in the next 100-year to determined predictions using four different method. This investigates in the Marmara Sea can be used to predict of earthquake occurrences by some scientists.
The Diffusion of Computers and the Distribution of Wages

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Quality of Life Assessment Among Ethnically Diverse Black Prostate Cancer Survivors: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose: Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common cancer in Black men (BM), and the number of Black CaP survivors is rapidly increasing. Although Black immigrants are among the fastest-growing and most heterogeneous ethnic groups in the US, limited data exist regarding their CaP experiences. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and model the experiences of ethnically diverse Black men with CaP. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 34 participants: Native-born BM (NBBM) (n=17), African-born BM (ABBM) (n=11), and Caribbean-born BM (CBBM) (n=6) CaP survivors recruited through QR-code embedded flyers posted in Black businesses, clinics, social media platforms, and existing research networks within the US. Guided by Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory methodology, the interviews were analyzed using constant comparison following key stages of initial, focused, and theoretical coding using Atlas.ti v23. Results: Participants were thirty-four men aged 49–84 years (mean±SD, 66±8). Most were married (77%), likely to be diagnosed at Stage I (35%), and treated with radiotherapy (56%). Our study findings explored the complex trajectory of Black prostate cancer (CaP) survivors, unveiling a comprehensive model termed “Journeying through Unfamiliar Terrain. ” Comprising three phases and 11 sub-phases, this model uniquely captures the pre-diagnosis awareness and post-treatment adaptation among survivors. Conclusion: The resulting theoretical model delineates the entire CaP survivorship process among BM, providing contextual and conceptual understanding for developing interventions and enhancing patient-centered care for ethnically diverse CaP survivors, pivotal in bridging the gaps in survivorship research and healthcare practices.
PinMyMetal: A hybrid learning system to accurately model metal binding sites in macromolecules

Metal ions are vital components in many proteins for the inference and engineering of protein function, with coordination complexity linked to structural (4-residue predominate), catalytic (3-residue predominate), or regulatory (2-residue predominate) roles. Computational tools for modeling metal ions in protein structures, especially for transient, reversible, and concentration-dependent regulatory sites, remain immature. We present PinMyMetal (PMM), a sophisticated hybrid machine learning system for predicting zinc ion localization and environment in macromolecular structures. Compared to other predictors, PMM excels in predicting regulatory sites (median deviation of 0.34 Å), demonstrating superior accuracy in locating catalytic sites (median deviation of 0.27 Å) and structural sites (median deviation of 0.14 Å). PMM assigns a certainty score to each predicted site based on local structural and physicochemical features independent of homolog presence. Interactive validation through our server, CheckMyMetal, expands PMM’s scope, enabling it to pinpoint and validates diverse functional zinc sites from different structure sources (predicted structures, cryo-EM and crystallography). This facilitates residue-wise assessment and robust metal binding site design. The lightweight PMM system demands minimal computing resources and is available at https://PMM.biocloud. top. While currently trained on zinc, the PMM workflow can easily adapt to other metals through expanded training data.
Functional partitioning of sentence processing and emotional prosody in the right perisylvian cortex after perinatal stroke

In healthy adults different language abilities—sentence processing versus emotional prosody—are supported by the left (LH) versus the right hemisphere (RH), respectively. However, after LH stroke in infancy, RH regions support both abilities with normal outcomes. We investigated how these abilities co-exist in RH regions after LH perinatal stroke by evaluating the overlap in the activation between two fMRI tasks that probed auditory sentence processing and emotional prosody processing. We compared the overlap for these two functions in the RH of individuals with perinatal stroke with the symmetry of these functions in the LH and RH of their healthy siblings. We found less activation overlap in the RH of individuals with LH perinatal stroke than would be expected if both functions retained their typical spatial layout, suggesting that their spatial segregation may be an important feature of a functioning language system.
Internal Deformation of Lithosphere Beneath Central Tibet

We use a large number of high‐quality P wave arrival time data recorded by the Hi‐CLIMB project to determine a 3‐D model of azimuthal anisotropy tomography beneath central Tibet. In the Himalayan block, variations of fast velocity orientation (FVO) are revealed from the crust to the upper mantle. In contrast, the FVO in the Lhasa block exhibits only a slight difference between the lower crust and upper mantle, reflecting a coherent deformation there. Different FVOs are revealed near the Bangong‐Nujiang suture, which may reflect anisotropies in different parts of the underthrusting Indian plate. In the upper mantle beneath the Qiangtang block, a strong anisotropy is revealed in the shallower part, whereas a weak anisotropy appears in the deeper part, suggesting that a two‐layer anisotropy model is applicable there. A layered lithosphere is detected in the eastern part of the Lhasa block, whereas a consistent FVO is revealed in its western part. Our results indicate that strong deformation has occurred in both the Indian and Eurasian lithospheres.
Group Psychological Treatment Preferences of Individuals Living With Chronic Disease: Brief Report of a Saskatchewan-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Given that individuals with chronic diseases comorbid with psychological distress experience worse clinical outcomes than those without psychological distress, treatment of the psychological sequalae that accompanies chronic diseases is of utmost importance. Thus, the present study aimed to examine group treatment preferences among adults living with chronic disease in Saskatchewan, Canada. An online survey regarding group treatment preferences was administered to 207 participants living with chronic disease comorbid with psychological distress. The most often reported treatment scenario was virtual sessions (45%) lasting 1 h (51%) and occurring every other week (45%) in the evening (63%) for 3 to4 months (40%). Preferences included a medium group (48%), a relatively closed group nature (ie, only occasional new members; 44%), and group leadership including at least 1 professional living with chronic disease (54%). Future-oriented (81%), supportive (83%), skill-based (95%), and group discussions (78%) were desired treatment characteristics among participants. Survey results showed clear preferences on treatment content and session logistics. Slight variations exist by gender and age, but a consensus can be identified and act as a preliminary treatment plan. This study contributes to the body of literature on psychological treatment preferences for individuals living with chronic disease by outlining the preferred format and composition of groups according to those with lived experience. Group-based psychological treatment for chronic disease patients should account for these preferences to improve its acceptability and usefulness among patients.