Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Composition and Interactions in Raw Milk and Teat Skin of Dairy Cows

The microbiota in raw milk plays an important role in the health of dairy cows and the safety of dairy products, which might be influenced by that in teat skin. However, the microbiota composition in raw milk and teat skin, as well as the bacterial interaction between the two adjacent spatial locations, remains elusive. Here, we investigated the composition, diversity, and co-occurrence network of the bacterial communities in raw milk and on teat skin, as well as the shift of bacterial communities during the teat bath using 469 samples from 156 individual cows. We observed that raw milk and teat skin harbored significantly different bacterial communities according to an assessment of the genera numbers (p < 0.05) and PCoA analysis (ANOSIM p < 0.05). The microbiota in raw milk was dominated by Proteobacteria (58.5% in relative abundance) at the phylum level and by Pseudomonas (51.2%) at the genus level, while that in teat skin was dominated by Firmicutes (46.9%) at the phylum level and by Pseudomonas (11.0%) at the genus level. We observed a massive difference between the bacterial subnetworks in raw milk and teat, and the bacterial abundance in these two adjacent spatial locations was positively correlated (p < 0.05). Using Bayesian algorithms, we identified that 92.1% of bacteria in raw milk were transferred from teat skin, while 63.6% of bacteria on teat skin were transferred from raw milk. Moreover, microbiota composition in teat skin could be affected by the teat bath with iodine disinfectant, which tended to be more similar to that in raw milk after the teat bath (p < 0.05), while the abundance of the dominant genus Pseudomonas significantly increased (p < 0.05). These findings expand our knowledge on the microbiota composition in teat skin and raw milk, as well as the interaction between these two adjacent spatial locations.
VIRTUAL LASER SCANNING OF DYNAMIC SCENES CREATED FROM REAL 4D TOPOGRAPHIC POINT CLOUD DATA

Abstract. Virtual laser scanning (VLS) allows the generation of realistic point cloud data at a fraction of the costs required for real acquisitions. It also allows carrying out experiments that would not be feasible or even impossible in the real world, e.g., due to time constraints or when hardware does not exist. A critical part of a simulation is an adequate substitution of reality. In the case of VLS, this concerns the scanner, the laser-object interaction, and the scene. In this contribution, we present a method to recreate a realistic dynamic scene, where the surface changes over time. We first apply change detection and quantification on a real dataset of an erosion-affected high-mountain slope in Tyrol, Austria, acquired with permanent terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Then, we model and extract the time series of a single change form, and transfer it to a virtual model scene. The benefit of such a transfer is that no physical modelling of the change processes is required. In our example, we use a Kalman filter with subsequent clustering to extract a set of erosion rills from a time series of high-resolution TLS data. The change magnitudes quantified at the locations of these rills are then transferred to a triangular mesh, representing the virtual scene. Subsequently, we apply VLS to investigate the detectability of such erosion rills from airborne laser scanning at multiple subsequent points in time. This enables us to test if, e.g., a certain flying altitude is appropriate in a disaster response setting for the detection of areas exposed to immediate danger. To ensure a successful transfer, the spatial resolution and the accuracy of the input dataset are much higher than the accuracy and resolution that are being simulated. Furthermore, the investigated change form is detected as significant in the input data. We, therefore, conclude the model of the dynamic scene derived from real TLS data to be an appropriate substitution for reality.
Diapause among the flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

The rich diversity of information focusing on pupal diapause in the sarcophagids makes this ﬂ y family among the best-understood diapause models. This review summarizes the occurrence of pupal diapause in ﬂ esh ﬂ ies from broad geographic re-gions of the world, as well as the apparent absence of diapause in select regions. The environmental cues used for programming diapause are discussed, as well as the requirements for breaking diapause. This taxon has been used for experiments ranging from the ecological to the molecular and offers a comprehensive overview of the diapause phenotype. A wide range of diapause attributes de ﬁ ne the diapause phenotype of ﬂ esh ﬂ ies, offering insights into such features as clock mechanisms, signaling pathways, maternal regulation, energy utilization, cell cycle regulation, metabolic depression, cyclic metabolic activity, cold tolerance, water balance, and other attributes, generating a diapause pro ﬁ le that offers an attractive comparison for diapause in other insect species as well as with other forms of animal dormancy.
Rapid transition from in‐person to videoconferencing psychotherapy in a counselor training clinic: A safety and feasibility study during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Abstract Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, many counselor training clinics rapidly transitioned in‐person (IP) services to videoconferencing psychotherapy (VCP). Because VCP is a relatively new technology, more research is needed to establish whether this delivery format is a safe and acceptable substitute for IP services in counselor training clinics. The purpose of this study is to explore questions related to how clients perceive VCP versus IP in terms of credibility and expectancy. Results from this investigation demonstrate that clients who participate in VCP, without first meeting their counselor in person, may initially question the credibility and effectiveness of VCP. However, results demonstrated improvement, in both groups, across the duration of therapy. These findings provide both initial support for the safety of VCP in counselor training clinics and justification for further research.
Disclosing Critical Voice Features for Discriminating between Depression and Insomnia—A Preliminary Study for Developing a Quantitative Method

Background: Depression and insomnia are highly related—insomnia is a common symptom among depression patients, and insomnia can result in depression. Although depression patients and insomnia patients should be treated with different approaches, the lack of practical biological markers makes it difficult to discriminate between depression and insomnia effectively. Purpose: This study aimed to disclose critical vocal features for discriminating between depression and insomnia. Methods: Four groups of patients, comprising six severe-depression patients, four moderate-depression patients, ten insomnia patients, and four patients with chronic pain disorder (CPD) participated in this preliminary study, which aimed to record their speaking voices. An open-source software, openSMILE, was applied to extract 384 voice features. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the effects of the four patient statuses on these voice features. Results: statistical analyses showed significant relationships between patient status and voice features. Patients with severe depression, moderate depression, insomnia, and CPD reacted differently to certain voice features. Critical voice features were reported based on these statistical relationships. Conclusions: This preliminary study shows the potential in developing discriminating models of depression and insomnia using voice features. Future studies should recruit an adequate number of patients to confirm these voice features and increase the number of data for developing a quantitative method.
Antimicrobial-Resistant Shigella spp. in San Diego, California, USA, 2017–2020

Annually, Shigella spp. cause ≈188 million cases of diarrheal disease globally, including 500,000 cases in the United States; rates of antimicrobial resistance are increasing. To determine antimicrobial resistance and risk factors in San Diego, California, USA, we retrospectively reviewed cases of diarrheal disease caused by Shigella flexneri and S. sonnei diagnosed during 2017–2020. Of 128 evaluable cases, S. flexneri was slightly more common than S. sonnei; most cases were in persons who were gay or bisexual cisgender men, were living with HIV, were unhoused, or used methamphetamines. Overall, rates of resistance to azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, ampicillin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) were comparable to the most recent national data reported from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 55% of isolates were resistant to azithromycin, 23% to fluoroquinolones, 70% to ampicillin, and 83% to TMP/SMX. The rates that we found for TMP/SMX were slightly higher than those in national data.
Ectopic Pleural Parathyroid Adenoma Causing Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Ectopic parathyroid glands can cause primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in up to 16% of cases. These can lead to recurrent/persistent PHPT, and multiple cases have been described in the literature. We present a case of a pleural parathyroid adenoma leading to persistent PHPT. The ectopic location of the parathyroid glands is a result of their migration during development and is next to tissues they share a common embryologic origin with. The pleural location of the parathyroid adenoma in our patient was highly unusual, as the pleura have an embryologically distinct origin from the parathyroids. This was likely the result of incomplete removal of a previous mediastinal adenoma or seeding of abnormal cells in the surrounding tissue due to capsular breach (parathyromatosis). These can lead to recurrent/persistent PHPT. Parathyromatosis can lead to the presence of adenomas in highly unusual locations, making diagnosis and treatment difficult. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of pleural adenoma causing persistent PHPT.
Viral Zoonoses in Small Wild Mammals and Detection of Hantavirus, Spain

We screened 526 wild small mammals for zoonotic viruses in northwest Spain and found hantavirus in common voles (Microtus arvalis) (1.5%) and high prevalence (48%) of orthopoxvirus among western Mediterranean mice (Mus spretus). We also detected arenavirus among small mammals. These findings suggest novel risks for viral transmission in the region.
Towards a More Theory-Driven BCI Using Source Reconstructed Dynamics of EEG Time-Series

Currently, the operational electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) suffer from problems of BCI latency/lag issues, which restricts the use of interfaces impractical scenarios. One of the reasons behind the present challenges is the application of a purely data-driven approach to the BCI pipeline. Although BCI applications have improved significantly with the research in the fields of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), fundamental issues of data-driven training restrict the latency that can be achieved under current BCI paradigms. This work explores the possibility of future BCI using a combination of data-driven and theory-driven methods. In this study, an EEG-BCI dataset from steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs) is applied, where the SSVEP signals contain, source components from the occipital, parietal and frontal regions of the brain. Source reconstruction is done with the combination of independent component analysis (ICA) and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis (LORETA). This method was able to predict BCI classification labels 5[Formula: see text]s earlier, based on pre-recorded signals from the scalp. The novelty of the current contribution lies in utilizing the source reconstructed EEG time-series for BCI classification, which allows for retention of classification accuracy up to 70% while working with the reduced data dimensionality. Implementation of this algorithm will allow a significant reduction in lag in online BCIs.
Mood Lifters: evaluation of a novel peer-led mental wellness program

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test a mental wellness intervention, Mood Lifters (ML), that addresses significant barriers to mental health care. ML includes adults over 18 struggling with mental wellness or any life difficulties, except those with active suicidality, mania and psychosis, and addresses barriers to care using peer leaders in a manualized group format with a gamified point system. Design/methodology/approach Participants were recruited using online postings. Those eligible (76% female, 80% white) were randomly assigned to professional-led groups (N = 30), peer-led groups (N = 33) or a waitlist (N = 22; i.e. attended assigned condition if available). Participants completed pre- and postgroup measures (including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Perceived Stress Scale), attended 15 weekly meetings and tracked “points” or at-home skills practice. Multiple imputation was used to account for attrition. Linear regressions were analyzed to determine the program’s impact on anxiety and depressive symptoms and perceived stress. Further analyses included comparisons between peer- and professional-led groups. Findings Participants in ML experienced significant reductions in anxiety symptoms. Completing more homework across the program led to significant reductions in anxiety and perceived stress. Finally, there were no significant differences in attendance, homework completed or outcomes between peer- and professional-led groups. Practical implications Overall, participation in the ML program led to reduced anxiety symptoms, and for those who completed more homework, reduced perceived stress. More accessible programs can make a significant impact on symptoms and are critical to address the overburdened care system. Additionally, there were no differences between leader types indicating that peers may be an effective way to address accessibility concerns. Originality/value ML is unique for three reasons: it takes a biopsychosocial/Research Domain Criteria approach to mental wellness (i.e. incorporates many areas relevant to mental health, does not focus on a specific diagnosis), overcomes major barriers to mental health care and uses a peer-delivery model. These attributes, taken together with the results of this study, present a care alternative for those with less access.
History of tuberculosis. Part 2 - the sanatoria and the discoveries of the tubercle bacillus

Tuberculosis was epidemic in Europe and America in the 18th and 19th centuries, and by the mid 18th century in London and Hamburg, the mortality rates were as high as 1000 per 100,000 per year.2 The disease had a predilection for young people and was called the robber of youth3, and also for the poorer classes, who were disadvantaged by malnutrition, overcrowding and poor living and working conditions and who died by the millions over those two centuries.4, 5
Review—An Overview on Recent Progress in Screen-Printed Electroanalytical (Bio)Sensors

Portability is one of the essential keys in the development of modern analytical devices. Screen printing technology is an established technology for both chemical and biosensor development. Screen printing technology has been used to generate a variety of electronic sensors that are rapid, cost-effective, on-site, real-time, inexpensive, and practical for use in healthcare, environmental monitoring, industrial monitoring, and agricultural monitoring. This review aims to describe recent research progress related to the development and improvement of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs). We also demonstrate the wide range of applications, also highlighting the market directions and the need for novel devices to be used by non-specialists. Finally, we conclude and provide an overview of the constraints and future opportunities of SPEs in biosensor application.
Artificial Intelligence in Power System Optimization

With the considerable increase of AI applications, AI is being increasingly used to solve optimization problems in engineering. In the past two decades, the applications of artificial intelligence in power systems have attracted much research. This book covers the current level of applications of artificial intelligence to the optimization problems in power systems. This book serves as a textbook for graduate students in electric power system management and is also be useful for those who are interested in using artificial intelligence in power system optimization.
Trends in Neonatal Ophthalmic Screening Methods

Neonatal ophthalmic screening should lead to early diagnosis of ocular abnormalities to reduce long-term visual impairment in selected diseases. If a treatable pathology is diagnosed within a few days after the birth, adequate therapy may be indicated to facilitate the best possible conditions for further development of visual functions. Traditional neonatal ophthalmic screening uses the red reflex test (RRT). It tests the transmittance of the light through optical media towards the retina and the general disposition of the central part of the retina. However, RRT has weaknesses, especially in posterior segment affections. Wide-field digital imaging techniques have shown promising results in detecting anterior and posterior segment pathologies. Particular attention should be paid to telemedicine and artificial intelligence. These methods can improve the specificity and sensitivity of neonatal eye screening. Both are already highly advanced in diagnosing and monitoring of retinopathy of prematurity.
An Overview of Self-Regulated Learning Models

In recent years, the concept of self-regulation of learning and performance has been accruing attention among educational researchers. The importance of learners who direct their own acquisition of knowledge and skill has also been stressed by educational instructors. Thus, as an emerging topic of integrated research, many theories and models have been formed to identify the self-regulated learning (SRL) process. The purpose of this article is to present the most up-to-date approaches which are Zimmerman, Pintrich, Winne & Hadwin and Boekaerts's SRL models in the light of the studies conducted in the last three decades. With this purpose, it is aimed to represent an overall view of how each model defines SRL and which components each model consists of. The final section of the article discusses the common and different aspects of the four main SRL models.
CD18 Mediates Neutrophil Imperviousness to the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 Clone in Molar-Incisor Pattern Periodontitis

Introduction Molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (MIPP) in the absence of significant local risk factors or systemic disease, is a rare, early onset periodontal disease phenotype, with 0.5% to 2.5% global prevalence. The condition is characterized by impaired neutrophil function and persistent Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (JP2 clone) infection. The aim of this study was to characterize neutrophil functional responses to JP2 and to investigate the neutrophil receptors involved. Materials and Methods Neutrophils were obtained from whole blood samples of periodontally healthy and MIPP subjects and incubated with the JP2 clone or a non-JP2 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Bacterial survival was tested by blood agar culture; neutrophil death was tested with propidium iodide and flow cytometry; Reactive oxygen production (ROS) was measured with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and a fluorescence plate reader; the cytokinome was analysed using an array profiler, ELISA and RT-PCR. Receptors binding to JP2 were isolated using a novel immunoprecipitation assay and validated functionally using specific blocking antibodies. Results JP2 and non-JP2 survival was comparable between all the neutrophil groups. Resistance to neutrophil necrosis following exposure to JP2 was significantly lower in the MIPP group, than in all the other groups (p<0.0001). Conversely, MIPP neutrophils showed lower levels of ROS production in response to JP2 infection compared with that of healthy neutrophils (p<0.001). Furthermore, significantly lower levels of cytokines, such as IL8, IL10 and TNFα, were observed during JP2 incubation with MIPP neutrophils than upon incubation with periodontally healthy neutrophils. Various proteins expressed on neutrophils bind to JP2. Of these, CD18 was found to mediate neutrophil necrosis. The CD18 receptor on MIPP neutrophils acts differently from that on periodontally healthy patients neutrophils, and appears to reflect differential neutrophil reactions to JP2. Conclusion This study portrays a fundamental difference in neutrophil response to JP2 infection between periodontally healthy and MIPP patients. This was evident in the resistance to necrosis, and lower ROS and cytokine production, despite the persistent presence of viable JP2. Whilst in periodontally healthy neutrophils, JP2 binds to CD18 on cell surfaces, this is not the case in MIPP neutrophils, suggesting a potential role for CD18 in the periodontal susceptibility of MIPP patients.
Embryonic development of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): another variant on the theme of invagination

Background Aurelia aurita (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria) is an emblematic species of the jellyfish. Currently, it is an emerging model of Evo-Devo for studying evolution and molecular regulation of metazoans’ complex life cycle, early development, and cell differentiation. For Aurelia, the genome was sequenced, the molecular cascades involved in the life cycle transitions were characterized, and embryogenesis was studied on the level of gross morphology. As a reliable representative of the class Scyphozoa, Aurelia can be used for comparative analysis of embryonic development within Cnidaria and between Cnidaria and Bilateria. One of the intriguing questions that can be posed is whether the invagination occurring during gastrulation of different cnidarians relies on the same cellular mechanisms. To answer this question, a detailed study of the cellular mechanisms underlying the early development of Aurelia is required. Methods We studied the embryogenesis of A. aurita using the modern methods of light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, confocal laser microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results In this article, we report a comprehensive study of the early development of A. aurita from the White Sea population. We described in detail the embryonic development of A. aurita from early cleavage up to the planula larva. We focused mainly on the cell morphogenetic movements underlying gastrulation. The dynamics of cell shape changes and cell behavior during invagination of the archenteron (future endoderm) were characterized. That allowed comparing the gastrulation by invagination in two cnidarian species—scyphozoan A. aurita and anthozoan Nematostella vectensis. We described the successive stages of blastopore closure and found that segregation of the germ layers in A. aurita is linked to the ’healing’ of the blastopore lip. We followed the developmental origin of the planula body parts and characterized the planula cells’ ultrastructure. We also found that the planula endoderm consists of three morphologically distinct compartments along the oral-aboral axis. Conclusions Epithelial invagination is a fundamental morphogenetic movement that is believed as highly conserved across metazoans. Our data on the cell shaping and behaviours driving invagination in A. aurita contribute to understanding of morphologically similar morphogenesis in different animals. By comparative analysis, we clearly show that invagination may differ at the cellular level between cnidarian species belonging to different classes (Anthozoa and Scyphozoa). The number of cells involved in invagination, the dynamics of the shape of the archenteron cells, the stage of epithelial-mesenchymal transition that these cells can reach, and the fate of blastopore lip cells may vary greatly between species. These results help to gain insight into the evolution of morphogenesis within the Cnidaria and within Metazoa in general.