Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Canine Systemic Insecticides Fluralaner and Lotilaner Induce Acute Mortality of Triatoma gerstaeckeri, North American Vector of the Chagas Disease Parasite

ABSTRACT. Chagas disease is a health concern for humans and animals across the Americas, and control options targeting the triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, are limited. Host-targeted interventions may be a useful and underused tool in controlling the spread of T. cruzi from vectors to hosts. Domestic dogs are known to be key bloodmeal hosts for triatomines as well as T. cruzi reservoirs and may be an effective and practical target for host-targeted insecticide deployment. We hypothesized that treating dogs with commercially available systemic insecticides (labeled for flea and tick control) would result in mortality of triatomines after consuming treated blood. We enrolled 16 privately owned dogs into five treatment groups to receive either fluralaner (Bravecto) or lotilaner (Credelio), alone or in combination with ivermectin. Blood from dogs before the initiation of treatment served as controls. Blood was collected 0, 7, 30, 45, and 90 days after the initial canine insecticide treatment and fed to 10 Triatoma gerstaeckeri nymphs through a membrane feeder, and survival was tracked daily for 7 days and weekly thereafter. All triatomines in the control and ivermectin groups survived the initial period, with no significant difference in long-term survival. In contrast, 99.7% of triatomines that fed on blood from dogs treated with either fluralaner or lotilaner died within 3 days. Although the impact of canine treatment on suppressing vector populations is unknown, fluralaner and lotilaner appear to be a compelling option for an integrated vector management approach to triatomine control.
POLYPOIDAL LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH CHOROIDAL NEVI

Polypoidal lesions can develop overlying choroidal nevi. The degree of exudation is variable and treatment decisions should be taken on a case-by-case basis. Purpose: To investigate eyes with polypoidal lesions associated with choroidal nevi, their multimodal imaging characteristics, and long clinical follow-up. Methods: Multicenter, retrospective case series study of patients with polypoidal lesions overlying choroidal nevi. Demographic and clinical information were recorded. Multimodal imaging including color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, fundus fluorescein angiography, indocyanine angiography, and A- and B-scan ultrasonography were analyzed for nevus and polypoidal lesion characteristics. Results: Fourteen eyes (14 patients; mean age: 70.3 ± 6.7 years) with polypoidal lesions overlying choroidal nevi were included. The mean follow-up duration was 50.0 ± 27.9 months (range 12–108). All nevi were pigmented on color fundus photography, flat on ultrasonography with a mean basal diameter of 3.8 ± 0.4 mm. In all but one eye, optical coherence tomography showed a shallow irregular pigment epithelium detachment overlying the nevus. A total of 11/14 eyes (78.6%) had exudative activity, 9 eyes received intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections, and one eye required intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor combined with photodynamic therapy. Mean visual acuity was 20/32 at baseline and 20/50 at final visit. Conclusion: We present the largest known cohort of eyes with polypoidal lesions associated with choroidal nevi with up to 9 years follow-up. The exudative degree of the polypoidal lesion in this condition is variable and treatment decisions should be taken on an individual basis. We hypothesize that choroidal ischemia because of altered choroidal vasculature rather than Haller layer hyperpermeability plays a role in the formation of polypoidal lesions overlying nevi.
Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl at Baseline and Associations with Glycemic Indicators and Diabetes Incidence among High-Risk Adults in the Diabetes Prevention Program Trial.

B ACKGROUND : Several per- and poly ﬂ uoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous anthropogenic pollutants almost universally detected in humans. Experimental evidence indicates that PFAS alter glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. However, epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. O BJECTIVE : We sought to examine associations between plasma PFAS concentrations, glycemic indicators, and diabetes incidence among high-risk adults. M ETHODS : Within the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a trial for the prevention of type 2 diabetes among high-risk individuals, we quanti ﬁ ed baseline plasma concentrations of nine PFAS among 957 participants randomized to a lifestyle intervention or placebo. We evaluated adjusted associations for plasma PFAS concentrations with diabetes incidence and key glycemic indicators measured at baseline and annually over up to 4.6 y. R ESULTS : Plasma PFAS concentrations were similar to those reported in the U.S. population in 1999 – 2000. At baseline, in cross-sectional analysis, a doubling in plasma per ﬂ uorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and per ﬂ uorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations was associated with higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [ b PFOS =0 : 39; 95% con ﬁ dence interval (CI): 0.13, 0.66; b PFOA =0 : 64; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.94], b -cell function (HOMA- b ) ( b PFOS =9 : 62; 95% CI: 1.55, 17.70; b PFOA =15 : 93; 95% CI: 6.78, 25.08), fasting proinsulin ( b PFOS =1 : 37pM; 95% CI: 0.50, 2.25; b PFOA =1 : 71pM; 95% CI: 0.72, 2.71), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) ( b PFOS =0 : 03 % ; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.07; b PFOA =0 : 04 % ; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.07). There was no strong evidence of associations between plasma PFAS concentrations and diabetes incidence or prospective changes in glycemic indicators during the follow-up period. C ONCLUSIONS : At baseline, several PFAS were cross-sectionally associated with small di ﬀ erences in markers of insulin secretion and b -cell function. However, there was limited evidence suggesting that PFAS concentrations are associated with diabetes incidence or changes in glycemic indicators during the follow-up period.
Investigation of the protective effect of anzer propolis in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

OBJECTIVE Globally, stroke is the leading cause of disability and death. With the use of thrombolytic therapy, reperfusion injury, and its consequences came to the fore. We aimed to find out how anzer propolis, which can only be obtained in Turkey's Eastern Black Sea region, affected ischemia-reperfusion injury using biochemical and histological techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups, including a control group. Three of the groups underwent 30 minutes of induced ischemia via clamping of the common carotid artery, followed by ischemia-reperfusion injury through the release of the clamp. One group received no treatment, another received oral administration of 100 mg/kg of anzer propolis one hour before surgery, and the third group received oral administration of 40 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid just before surgery. Histopathological examination assessed apoptosis and tissue necrosis, while serum and brain tissue were evaluated for levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), Interlokin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAS), and total oxidant capacity (TOS). RESULTS Anzer propolis and acetylsalicylic acid significantly reduced hyperemia in vessels, vacuolization in neurons, glial cell infiltration, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positivity. The anzer propolis group had the highest NGF levels. The anzer propolis and acetylsalicylic acid groups had lower levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in the brain tissue than the ischemia-reperfusion group, while TAS levels were higher. CONCLUSIONS The findings obtained in this study suggest that anzer propolis has a neuroprotective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury and will have beneficial effects on neurodegeneration. We believe our findings will contribute to the clinical treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
On sharp spectral lines in the climate record and the millennial peak

The existence of a narrow spectral line in the internal oscillations of the climate system would be a physical discovery of the first order. Thus the appearance of such a spectral peak, with a Q > 20 near 1500 years period, in the physical properties of the Greenland ice core is intriguing (bandwidth less than two cycles in 110,000 years). Apparently similar phenomena exist in some deep sea cores. It is shown, however, that the peak appears at precisely the period predicted as a simple alias of the seasonal cycle inadequately (under the Nyquist criterion) sampled at integer multiples of the common year. If this peak is therefore discounted, climate variability appears, as expected, to be a continuum process in the millennial band. More generally, however, aliasing of high frequencies must be a concern in any core analysis.
Filter‐feeding gelatinous macrozooplankton response to climate change and implications for benthic food supply and global carbon cycle

It is often suggested that gelatinous zooplankton may benefit from anthropogenic pressures of all kinds and in particular from climate change. Large pelagic tunicates, for example, are likely to be favored over other types of macrozooplankton due to their filter‐feeding mode, which gives them access to small preys thought to be less affected by climate change than larger preys. In this study, we provide model‐based estimate of potential community changes in macrozooplankton composition and estimate for the first time their effects on benthic food supply and on the ocean carbon cycle under two 21st‐century climate‐change scenarios. Forced with output from an Earth System Model climate projections, our ocean biogeochemical model simulates a large reduction in macrozooplankton biomass in response to anthropogenic climate change, but shows that gelatinous macrozooplankton are less affected than nongelatinous macrozooplankton, with global biomass declines estimated at −2.8% and −3.5%, respectively, for every 1°C of warming. The inclusion of gelatinous macrozooplankon in our ocean biogeochemical model has a limited effect on anthropogenic carbon uptake in the 21st century, but impacts the projected decline in particulate organic matter fluxes in the deep ocean. In subtropical oligotrophic gyres, where gelatinous zooplankton dominate macrozooplankton, the decline in the amount of organic matter reaching the seafloor is reduced by a factor of 2 when gelatinous macrozooplankton are considered (−17.5% vs. −29.7% when gelatinous macrozooplankton are not considered, all for 2100 under RCP8.5). The shift to gelatinous macrozooplankton in the future ocean therefore buffers the decline in deep carbon fluxes and should be taken into account when assessing potential changes in deep carbon storage and the risks that deep ecosystems may face when confronted with a decline in their food source.
Getting down to earth: Revisiting sustainability on a small, diversified farm in Maryland

1 LIST OF FIGURES . 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 4 INTRODUCTION . Error! Bookmark not defined.9 LITERATURE REVIEW . 11 Sustainable Agriculture . 12 Defining Characteristics of Sustainable Agriculture . 15 Community Supported Agriculture. 15 Farmers’ Markets . 15 Pick-your-own and Farm Stands . 16 Diversification and Farm Size . 16 The Three Pillars of Sustainability . 17 Social Responsibility . 18 Ecological Health . 22 Economic Factors. 24 Making Connections . 25 Conclusion . 26 METHODS . 28 The Literature . 28 Goals of the Study . 28
Diffuse venting and background contributions to chemical anomalies in a neutrally buoyant ocean hydrothermal plume

Plumes originating in high-temperature hydrothermal discharges entrain background water and often entrain diffuse-source fluids during convective ascent. The mixing of fluid from those three different sources determines the chemical composition of the ensuing neutrally buoyant plumes. Here convection models and aluminum data from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) site are used to examine relative contributions of focused, diffuse, and background sources to anomalies in the plume. Our analysis shows that anomalously high Al values observed just above the seafloor at TAG, which we assume stem from diffuse flows, can contribute as much as 50% to the Al anomaly in the neutrally buoyant plume found >350 m above bottom. Background water contributes nearly an equal fraction of Al to the anomaly. More generally, entrained contributions depend on gradients in profiles external to the rising plume. Entrainment also depends on effective source area; distributed high-temperature vents entrain more fluid than a single, composite high-temperature vent. Larger effective source area is particularly significant for entrainment of diffuse-source or other tracers trapped within a few tens of meters of the seafloor. Downstream, cross-stream, and temporal variabilities exhibited in the three-dimensional model plume also underscore problems of sampling and interpreting actual plume data.
Mercury Isotope Fractionation during Dark Abiotic Reduction of Hg(II) by Dissolved, Surface-Bound, and Structural Fe(II)

Stable mercury (Hg) isotope ratios are an emerging tracer for biogeochemical transformations in environmental systems, but their application requires knowledge of isotopic enrichment factors for individual processes. We investigated Hg isotope fractionation during dark, abiotic reduction of Hg(II) by dissolved iron(Fe)(II), magnetite, and Fe(II) sorbed to boehmite or goethite by analyzing both the reactants and products of laboratory experiments. For homogeneous reduction of Hg(II) by dissolved Fe(II) in continuously purged reactors, the results followed a Rayleigh distillation model with enrichment factors of −2.20 ± 0.16‰ (ε202Hg) and 0.21 ± 0.02‰ (E199Hg). In closed system experiments, allowing reequilibration, the initial kinetic fractionation was overprinted by isotope exchange and followed a linear equilibrium model with −2.44 ± 0.17‰ (ε202Hg) and 0.34 ± 0.02‰ (E199Hg). Heterogeneous Hg(II) reduction by magnetite caused a smaller isotopic fractionation (−1.38 ± 0.07 and 0.13 ± 0.01‰), whereas the extent of isotopic fractionation of the sorbed Fe(II) experiments was similar to the kinetic homogeneous case. Small mass-independent fractionation of even-mass Hg isotopes with 0.02 ± 0.003‰ (E200Hg) and ≈ −0.02 ± 0.01‰ (E204Hg) was consistent with theoretical predictions for the nuclear volume effect. This study contributes significantly to the database of Hg isotope enrichment factors for specific processes. Our findings show that Hg(II) reduction by dissolved Fe(II) in open systems results in a kinetic MDF with a larger ε compared to other abiotic reduction pathways, and combining MDF with the observed MIF allows the distinction from photochemical or microbial Hg(II) reduction pathways.
Source component mixing in the regions of arc magma generation

Most recent workers attribute the main features of island arc basalt geochemistry to variable contributions of at least two source components. The major source appears to be the peridotitic wedge of upper mantle overlying the subducted slab, but the nature of the second component and the processes by which the sources become mixed during genesis of arc magmas are in dispute. A metasomatic addition to the wedge resulting from devolatilization in the slab is the simplest explanation of the marked enrichment of the alkali and alkaline earth elements with respect to the rare earths in island arc basalts, together with the variably developed trends in Pb, Sr, and Nd isotopic data toward sedimentary contaminants. However, lack of the correlations between relative degrees of trace element fractionation and radiogenic isotopic ratios expected of such processes requires a more complex explanation. Alternative models that suggest that all of the characteristics of island arc basalts can be accounted for by melting of an intraoceanic, hot spot type of mantle source also face specific difficulties, particularly with regard to the strong depletions of trace high-field-strength elements in arc compared with hot spot magmas. A possible resolution of these specific geochemical difficulties may lie in dynamic transport processes within the wedge linked with the slab through coupled drag, and the marked depression of mantle isotherms in subduction zones. Inefficient escape of melts and subsequent repeated freezing within the overturning wedge can lead to local mineralogic and geochemical heterogeneity of the peridotite overlying the slab. Fluids released from the slab may infiltrate the heterogeneous wedge and preferentially scavenge the alkalis and alkaline earths with respect to the rare earths and high field strength elements from locally enriched portions of the wedge. Incorporation of such metasomatic fluids in renewed melting at shallower but hotter levels within the wedge can give rise to the trace element and isotopic systematics generally observed in arc basalts. Furthermore, subsequent melting of wedge-type peridotite in nonsubduction zone environments can result in complementary enrichment of the high field strength elements compared with arcs, and in the general isotopic similarity of hot spot and arc magmas. Although it is likely that the wedge-type peridotite in any arc is heterogeneously veined by previous inefficient melt extraction episodes, it is possible that the subduction zone environment is most conducive to the generation of veining.
Elliott Carter: Collected Essays and Lectures, 1937-1995

Part 1 Surveying the compositional scene: the composer's viewpoint (1946) a further step (1958) the challenge of the new (1960-62/94) fallacy of the mechanistic approach (1946) "la musique serielle aujourd'hui" (1964/94) ISCM Festival, Rome (1959) "Rasputin's End" and "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk" (1960) letter from Europe (1963) ISCM Festival, Amsterdam (1963/94). Part 2 American music: once again swing - also "American music (1939) American music in the New York scene (1940) the agony of modern music in America, 1955 (1955/94) the rhythmic basis of American music (1955) the European roots of American musical culture (1961/94) Expressionism and American music (1965/72) "the composer is a university commodity" (1970). Part 3 Charles Ives: the case of Mr Ives (1939) Ives today - his vision and challenge (1944) an American destiny (1946) Charles Ives remembered (1974) documents of a friendship with Ives (1975). Part 4 Some other composers: Gabriel Faure (1945) the three late sonatas of Debussy (1959/94) American figure, with landscape - Henry F. Gilbert (1943) Stravinsky in 1940 Igor Stravinsky - two tributes (1971) on Edgard Varese (1975/79) Edward Steuermann (1966) Walter Piston (1946) Roger Sessions - violin concerto (1959) in memoriam - Roger Sessions, 1896-1985 (1985/95) in memoriam - Stefan Wolpe, 1902-1972 (1972) two essays on Goffredo Petrassi (1960, 1986) to think of Milton Babbitt (1976) for Pierre Boulez on his 60th (1985). Part 5 Life and work: to be a composer in America (1953/94) the composer's choices (circa 1960) shop talk by an American composer (1960) the time dimension in music (1965) two sonatas, 1948 and 1952 (1969) string quartets No 1, 1951, and No 2, 1959 (1970) the orchestral composer's point of view (1970) on Saint-John Perse and the concerto for orchestra (1974/94) brass quintet (1974) double concerto, 1961, and duo, 1974 (1975) music and the time screen (1976) "elle est la musique en personne" - a reminiscence of Nadia Boulanger (circa 1985/95) reminiscence of Italy (1988). Part 6 Philosophy, criticism and the other arts: more about Balanchine (1937) with the dancers (1938) remembering Balanchine (1991/95) theatre and films (1943) the genial sage - Paul Rosenfeld (1948) introduction to a poetry reading by W.H. Auden (1969) music as a liberal art (1944) time lecture (1965/94) the "Gesamtkunstwerk" (1966/94) Soviet music (1967/94) music criticism (1972). Appendices: notes on sources published writings by Carter not included in this collection.
Local negative feedback of Rac activity at the leading edge underlies a pilot pseudopod-like program for amoeboid cell guidance

To migrate efficiently, neutrophils must polarize their cytoskeletal regulators along a single axis of motion. This polarization process is thought to be mediated through local positive feedback that amplifies leading edge signals and global negative feedback that enables sites of positive feedback to compete for dominance. Though this two-component model efficiently establishes cell polarity, it has potential limitations, including a tendency to “lock” onto a particular direction, limiting the ability of cells to reorient. We use spatially defined optogenetic control of a leading edge organizer (PI3K) to probe how neutrophil-like HL-60 cells balance “decisiveness” needed to polarize in a single direction with the flexibility needed to respond to new cues. Underlying this balancing act is a local Rac inhibition process that destabilizes the leading edge to promote exploration. We show that this local inhibition enables cells to process input signal dynamics, linking front stability and orientation to local temporal increases in input signals.
Tetraspanin 1 regulates papillary thyroid tumor growth and metastasis through c‐Myc‐mediated glycolysis

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common form of thyroid cancer and is characterized by its tendency for lymphatic metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis. Tetraspanin 1 (TSPAN1) is a member of the tetra‐transmembrane protein superfamily and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in various studies. However, the role of TSPAN1 in PTC tumor development remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of TSPAN1 on PTC cell behavior. Our results demonstrate that knockdown of TSPAN1 inhibits PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while overexpression of TSPAN1 has the opposite effect. These findings suggest that TSPAN1 might play a role in the tumorigenesis and invasiveness of PTC. Mechanistically, we found that TSPAN1 activates the ERK pathway by increasing its phosphorylation, subsequently leading to upregulated expression of c‐Myc. Additionally, we observed that TSPAN1‐ERK‐c‐Myc axis activation promotes glycolytic activity in PTC cells, as evidenced by the upregulation of glycolytic genes such as LDHA. Taken together, our findings indicate that TSPAN1 acts as an oncogene in PTC by regulating glycolytic metabolism. This discovery highlights the potential of TSPAN1 as a promising therapeutic target for PTC treatment. Further research in this area could provide valuable insights into the development of targeted therapies for PTC patients.