Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perilaku Aktivasi Coordination Class Oleh Subyek Lintas Level Akademik Dalam Dekonstruksi Physics Jeopardy Problem

Phenomenographic analysis has been done on activation behavior of coordination class, especially causal net by cross-section ability subjects in deconstruction of information through a Jeopardy Problem. Data were obtained from problem solving activities in individual thinking-aloud format. In the deconstruction of graph to physical situation, respondents used the cognitive element as tool in analyzing or reasoning. Activation behavior of the causal net influenced by their prior experience related to the interpretation of graph function y(x) or vector in the x-y plane. The research results support the coordination class theory and emphasize the prior research findings of mental model and cognitive elements as aspects or features of the mental model.
NIR-IIb Fluorescence Molecular Tomography of Glioblastomas Based on Heterogeneous Mouse Models and Adaptive Projection Match Pursuit Method

Objective: Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) using fluorescence of the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) has been proved to outperform conventional FMT using fluorescence of the first near-infrared window (NIR-I). However, it was still a challenge to achieve a satisfactory reconstructed light source using NIR-II FMT as the NIR-IIa (1300–1400 nm) fluorescence in the NIR-II spectrum used in the previous NIR-II FMT study was still suffering from prominent absorption and scattering of tissue. Methods: A novel NIR-IIb (1500–1700 nm) FMT method was proposed and applied in the reconstruction of glioblastomas in animal models. Optical parameters that describe the effect of different tissue on the NIR-IIb photons were calculated to construct a light propagation model of NIR-IIb light to form the forward model. Besides, a novel adaptive projection matching pursuit (APMP) method was further adopted to accurately solve the inverse problem. Location error and Dice coefficient were used to evaluate the accuracy of reconstruction. Simulation experiments using single-source and dual-source and in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the reconstructed light source. Results: Both simulation and in vivo experiments demonstrated that NIR-IIb FMT achieved reduced location error and improved shape similarity compared with NIR-IIa. NIR-IIb FMT of orthotopic mouse models further achieved a location error of 0.65 mm and a Dice coefficient of 0.56, which both outperformed NIR-IIa. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that NIR-IIb has better reconstruction performance for positioning accuracy and shape recovery. Significance: The inspiring results in this study demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of NIR-IIb FMT in precise tumor positioning.
Bacteria and Archaea Regulate Particulate Organic Matter Export in Suspended and Sinking Marine Particle Fractions

The biological carbon pump is crucial for the export of particulate organic matter in the ocean. Recent studies on marine microbes have shown the profound influence of bacteria and archaea as regulators of particulate organic matter export. ABSTRACT The biological carbon pump (BCP) in the Southern Ocean is driven by phytoplankton productivity and is a significant organic matter sink. However, the role of particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) and their diversity in influencing the efficiency of the BCP is still unclear. To investigate this, we analyzed the metagenomes linked to suspended and sinking marine particles from the Sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS) by deploying a Marine Snow Catcher (MSC), obtaining suspended and sinking particulate material, determining organic carbon and nitrogen flux, and constructing metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The suspended and sinking particle-pools were dominated by bacteria with the potential to degrade organic carbon. Bacterial communities associated with the sinking fraction had more genes related to the degradation of complex organic carbon than those in the suspended fraction. Archaea had the potential to drive nitrogen metabolism via nitrite and ammonia oxidation, altering organic nitrogen concentration. The data revealed several pathways for chemoautotrophy and the secretion of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) from CO2, with bacteria and archaea potentially sequestering particulate organic matter (POM) via the production of RDOC. These findings provide insights into the diversity and function of prokaryotes in suspended and sinking particles and their role in organic carbon/nitrogen export in the Southern Ocean. IMPORTANCE The biological carbon pump is crucial for the export of particulate organic matter in the ocean. Recent studies on marine microbes have shown the profound influence of bacteria and archaea as regulators of particulate organic matter export. Yet, despite the importance of the Southern Ocean as a carbon sink, we lack comparable insights regarding microbial contributions. This study provides the first insights regarding prokaryotic contributions to particulate organic matter export in the Southern Ocean. We reveal evidence that prokaryotic communities in suspended and sinking particle fractions harbor widespread genomic potential for mediating particulate organic matter export. The results substantially enhance our understanding of the role played by microorganisms in regulating particulate organic matter export in suspended and sinking marine fractions in the Southern Ocean.
Discovering the ANK2‐related autism phenotype

Interestingly, disease-causing mutations in the ANK2 gene have been identified in patients with autism since 2012, though with no full clinical description. In this Research Letter, for the first time, we describe the detailed characteristics of a patient with autism caused by a new mutation in this gene. Our report is a first step to better understanding ANK2-related autism and will contribute to facilitating its further diagnosis.
A New Robust Face Detection Method Based on Corner Points

This paper describes a method of faces detection based on skin color, face shape and corner points. The skin regions are detected by the segmentation of image with a threshold calculated by a combination of rules proposed on elements of the three color spaces RGB, HSV and YCbCr. Next, the geometric constraints (surface, ratio, eccentricity) are applied to eliminate the skin regions detected that do not have a shape similar to a human face. Then the corner points of Harris are used to verify the existence of eyes in the regions detected. The results obtained are satisfactory in terms of the quality of detection and rapidity.
Preparation of lemon essential oil nanoemulsion and its effect on the microbial community of pork patties.

The purpose of this study was to prepare an essential oil nanoemulsion and apply it to meat products to achieve antimicrobial effect. The nanoemulsion of lemon essential oil was produced by high power ultrasonication. The influences of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, and mass ratio of sodium caseinate to essential oil on the particle size were examined. The optimal conditions for preparing nanoemulsion were ultrasonic power 327 W, ultrasonic time 18 min, and sodium caseinate to essential oil mass ratio 4.23:1. Lower temperature was more conducive to the preservation of nanoemulsion. Compared to control and essential oil group, the nanoemulsion could decrease the total volatile basic nitrogen content and total bacterial colony in pork patties. When applied to pork patties, the nanoemulsion decreased the microbial diversity and inhibited the growth of a variety of microorganisms such as Bacillus, extending the storage time of pork patties. This study developed a novel and workable nanoemulsion for inhibiting bacteria of meat products.
The Novel DNA Binding Mechanism of Ridinilazole, a Precision Clostridiodes difficile Antibiotic

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide with limited antibiotic treatment options. Ridinilazole is a precision bisbenzimidazole antibiotic being developed to treat CDI and reduce unacceptably high rates of infection recurrence in patients. ABSTRACT Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide with limited antibiotic treatment options. Ridinilazole is a precision bisbenzimidazole antibiotic being developed to treat CDI and reduce unacceptably high rates of infection recurrence in patients. Although in late clinical development, the precise mechanism of action by which ridinilazole elicits its bactericidal activity has remained elusive. Here, we present conclusive biochemical and structural data to demonstrate that ridinilazole has a primary DNA binding mechanism, with a co-complex structure confirming binding to the DNA minor groove. Additional RNA-seq data indicated early pleiotropic changes to transcription, with broad effects on multiple C. difficile compartments and significant effects on energy generation pathways particularly. DNA binding and genomic localization was confirmed through confocal microscopy utilizing the intrinsic fluorescence of ridinilazole upon DNA binding. As such, ridinilazole has the potential to be the first antibiotic approved with a DNA minor groove binding mechanism of action.
Optimal Consensus Based Decentralized Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Abstract We study the problem of decentralized cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio ad hoc networks without a fusion center, using a consensus based solution. First, the received logarithmic likelihood ratio (LLR) is employed as the local detection outcome; then, it is exchanged between neighboring CR users and is updated based on the LLR received from the neighbors. It is proved that with the proposed decentralized algorithm, the optimal sensing performance is achieved via just local information exchange between neighbors. In addition, it is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous work in which the received energy was employed as the local detection outcome.
Context-Aware Stress Monitoring using Wearable and Mobile Technologies in Everyday Settings

Daily monitoring of stress is a critical component of maintaining optimal physical and mental health. Physiological signals and contextual information have recently emerged as promising indicators for detecting instances of heightened stress. Nonetheless, developing a real-time monitoring system that utilizes both physiological and contextual data to anticipate stress levels in everyday settings while also gathering stress labels from participants represents a significant challenge. We present a monitoring system that objectively tracks daily stress levels by utilizing both physiological and contextual data in a daily-life environment. Additionally, we have integrated a smart labeling approach to optimize the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) collection, which is required for building machine learning models for stress detection. We propose a three-tier Internet-of-Things-based system architecture to address the challenges. A group of university students (n=11) consisting of both males (n=4) and females (n=7) with ages ranging from 18 to 37 years (Mean = 22.91, SD = 5.05) were recruited from the University of California, Irvine. During a period of two weeks, the students wore a smartwatch that continuously monitored their physiology and activity levels. A context-logging application was also installed on their smartphone. They were asked to respond to several EMAs daily through a smart EMA query system. We employed three different machine learning algorithms to evaluate the performance of our system. The mean decrease impurity approach was employed to identify the most significant features. The k-nearest neighbor imputation technique was used to fill out the missing contextual features. F1-score is the performance metric used in our study. We utilized a cross-validation technique to accurately estimate the performance of our stress models. We achieved the F1-score of 70% with a Random Forest classifier using both PPG and contextual data, which is considered an acceptable score in models built for everyday settings. Whereas using PPG data alone, the highest F1-score achieved is approximately 56%, emphasizing the significance of incorporating both PPG and contextual data in stress detection tasks.
Paternal and Maternal Problem Drinking and Lifetime Problem Drinking of Their Adult Children

Abstract Parents’ alcohol use is associated with alcohol use of their adolescent offspring, but does this association extend to the adulthood of the offspring? We examined associations of paternal and maternal problem drinking with lifetime problem drinking of their adult offspring prospectively assessed in a population-based Finnish twin-family cohort (FinnTwin16). Problem drinking (Malmö-modified Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test) was self-reported separately by mothers and fathers when their children were 16. The children reported on an extended lifetime version of the same measure during their mid-twenties (21-28 years) and mid-thirties (31-37 years). 1235 sons and 1461 daughters in mid-twenties and 991 sons and 1278 daughters in mid-thirties had complete data. Correlations between fathers’ and their adult children’s problem drinking ranged from . 12 to . 18. For mothers and their adult children, these correlations ranged from . 09 to . 14. In multivariate models, adjustment for potential confounders had little effect on the observed associations. In this study, parental problem drinking was modestly associated with lifetime problem drinking of their adult children. This association could be detected even when the children had reached the fourth decade of life.
Seeing Beyond the Symptoms: Biomarkers and Brain Regions Linked to Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, and its pathological process can only be detected through clinical approaches. Early diagnosis of AD is difficult, as most individuals with AD are not diagnosed in the early stages, and symptoms become more prominent as the disease progresses. Therefore, identifying specific biomarkers and predicting AD in the early stages is crucial. In this study, we aimed to identify effective biomarkers and brain regions that are strongly associated with cognitive decline in AD. Methods: We included a large sample of 1759 individuals, covering a range of cognitive aging, including healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. We extracted nine different biomarkers based on three neuroimaging modalities: structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to predict three neuropsychological scores: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDRSB), and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS). Rather than integrating biomarkers, we monitored and explored the complex interrelated mechanisms underlying the development of AD separately for each biomarker. For prediction tasks, we used the ensemble regression tree by implementing bagging and random forest techniques in four different combination groups consisting of different subsets of subject categories (i.e., HC, MCI, and AD). Results: Our results demonstrated that different biomarkers could predict all three cognitive scores, and we identified the most associated features with the cognitive scores, including (a) the right transverse temporal based on Amyloid-{beta} (A{beta}) deposition, (b) the left and right entorhinal cortex, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus based on average cortical thickness (ATH), and (c) the left uncinate fasciculus based on mean diffusivity (MD). Conclusions: The results of this study emphasize the significance of taking an interdisciplinary approach in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of AD. Additionally, these findings shed light on the diversity of the disease and have the potential to contribute to the development of more efficient treatments.
Chalcones bearing nitrogen‐containing heterocyclics as multi‐targeted inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies

In this work, a series of chalcones (1a–d, 2a–d, 3a–d, 4a–d, and 5a–d) were designed and synthesized by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Also, their chemical structures were elucidated using UV–Vis, FT IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS spectral data, and elemental analyses. Subsequently, the anticholinesterase, tyrosinase, urease inhibitory activities and antioxidant activities of all chalcones were evaluated. The inhibitory potential of all chalcones in terms of IC50 value was observed to range from 7.18 ± 0.43 to 29.62 ± 0.30 μM against BChE by comparing with Galantamine (IC50 46.06 ± 0.10 μM) as a reference drug. Also, compounds 2c, 3c, 4c, 4b, and 4d exhibited high anticholinesterase activity against both AChE and BChE enzymes. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity results revealed that three compounds (IC50 1.75 ± 0.83 μM for 2b, IC50 2.24 ± 0.11 μM for 3b, and IC50 1.90 ± 0.64 μM for 4b) displayed good inhibitory activity against tyrosinase compared with kojic acid (IC50 0.64 ± 0.12 μM). In addition, other different three chalcones (IC50 22.34 ± 0.25 μM for 2c, IC50 20.98 ± 0.08 μM for 3c, and IC50 18.26 ± 0.13 μM for 4c) showed excellent inhibitory activity against the urease by comparing with thiourea (IC50 23.08 ± 0.19 μM). Compounds 3c and 4c showed the best potency in all antioxidant activity tests. In light of these findings, the structure–activity relationship for compounds was also described. Furthermore, molecular modeling studies, including molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), and pharmacophore analyses of compounds, gave important information about the interactions and drug‐likeness properties. As a result, all chalcones exhibited suitable ADMET findings, predicting good oral bioavailability.
Towards a reference cavitating vessel Part III—design and acoustic pressure characterization of a multi-frequency sonoreactor

A multi-frequency cavitation vessel (RV-multi) has been commissioned at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL, UK), with the aim of establishing a standard source of acoustic cavitation in water, with reference to which details of the cavitation process can be studied and cavitation measurement techniques evaluated. The vessel is a cylindrical cavity with a maximum capacity up to 17 L, and is designed to work at six frequency ranges, from 21 kHz to 136 kHz, under controlled temperature conditions. This paper discusses the design of RV-multi and reports experiments carried out to establish the reproducibility of the acoustic pressure field established within the vessel and its operating envelope, including sensitivity to aspects such as water depth and temperature. The acoustic field distribution was determined along the radial and depth directions within the vessel using a miniature hydrophone, for two input voltage levels under low power transducer excitation conditions (e.g. below the cavitation threshold). Particular care was taken in determining peak acoustic pressure locations, as these are critical for accompanying cavitation studies. Perturbations of the vessel by the measuring hydrophone were also monitored with a bottom-mounted pressure sensor.
Aplicação de um método híbrido de pontos interiores e branch-and-bound em problemas de minimização de custo de colheita da cana-de-açúcar

1 Email: cadlima@yahoo.com. br. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, FEB, UNESP, CEP: 17033-360, Bauru, SP. 2 Email: arbalbo@fc.unesp. br. Departamento de Matemática, FC, UNESP, CEP: 17033-360, Bauru, SP. 3 Email: helenice@ibb.unesp. br. Departamento de Bioestatística, IB, UNESP, CEP: 18618-970, Botucatu, SP. Aplicação de um método híbrido de pontos interiores e branch-and-bound em problemas de minimização de custo de colheita da cana-de-açúcar
The energy–water limitation threshold explains divergent drought responses in tree growth, needle length, and stable isotope ratios

Predicted increases in extreme droughts will likely cause major shifts in carbon sequestration and forest composition. Although growth declines during drought are widely documented, an increasing number of studies have reported both positive and negative responses to the same drought. These divergent growth patterns may reflect thresholds (i.e., nonlinear responses) promoted by changes in the dominant climatic constraints on tree growth. Here we tested whether stemwood growth exhibited linear or nonlinear responses to temperature and precipitation and whether stemwood growth thresholds co‐occurred with multiple thresholds in source and sink processes that limit tree growth. We extracted 772 tree cores, 1398 needle length records, and 1075 stable isotope samples from 27 sites across whitebark pine's (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) climatic niche in the Sierra Nevada. Our results indicated that a temperature threshold in stemwood growth occurred at 8.4°C (7.12–9.51°C; estimated using fall‐spring maximum temperature). This threshold was significantly correlated with thresholds in foliar growth, as well as carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios, that emerged during drought. These co‐occurring thresholds reflected the transition between energy‐ and water‐limited tree growth (i.e., the E–W limitation threshold). This transition likely mediated carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as important differences in growth‐defense trade‐offs and drought adaptations. Furthermore, whitebark pine growing in energy‐limited regions may continue to experience elevated growth in response to climate change. The positive effect of warming, however, may be offset by growth declines in water‐limited regions, threatening the long‐term sustainability of the recently listed whitebark pine species in the Sierra Nevada.
Hyperventilation syndrome in children with asthma

Abstract Background Hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) may be associated with asthma. In the absence of a gold standard diagnosis for children, its impact on asthma has been rarely assessed. Objective To assess the impact of HVS on the symptoms and lung function of children with asthma and determine the diagnostic value of the Nijmegen questionnaire in comparison to a hyperventilation test (HVT). Methods Data from asthmatic children followed in the department of Pediatric Pulmonology of Necker Hospital and explored for HVS were retrospectively analyzed. HVS was diagnosed by a positive HVT. Asthma exacerbations, control and lung function were assessed in children with or without a positive HVT. The sensitivity and specificity of the Nijmegen questionnaire were determined relative to the positivity of a HVT. The Nijmegen questionnaire threshold was ≥23. Results Data from 112 asthmatic children, median age 13.9 years [11.6–16], were analyzed. Twenty-eight children (25%) had mild or moderate asthma and 84 (75%) severe asthma. The HVT was performed on 108 children and was negative for 34 (31.5%) and positive for 74 (68.5%). The number of asthma exacerbations in the past 12 months, Asthma Control Test (ACT) score, and lung function did not differ between children with a positive HVT and a negative HVT. The Nijmegen questionnaire was administered to 103 children. Its sensitivity was 56.3% and specificity 56.3%. Conclusion The symptoms and lung function of adolescents with asthma are not affected by the presence of HVS. The sensitivity and specificity of the Nijmegen questionnaire are low.