Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation of a Magnetization Drive Coil Based on the Helmholtz Principle and an Experimental Study

In order to realize the magnetization of hydrogel mixed with NdFeB powder, a magnetization drive coil based on a Helmholtz coil is designed in this paper. The 3D model of the magnetic field system is drawn by the Maxwell software 3D module, and the influence of different factors on the magnetic induction intensity is analyzed to obtain the optimized structure of the magnetization drive coil; then, the central magnetic induction intensity and magnetic induction line distribution density of the magnetization drive coil and Helmholtz coil are compared to verify the reliability of the structure optimization. The results show that the central magnetic induction intensity is the highest when the distance between the auxiliary coils is 70 mm, the central magnetic induction intensity of the magnetized drive coil is significantly higher than that of the Helmholtz coil when the number of turns is the same, and the central magnetic induction intensity of the optimized magnetized drive coil can reach 1.37 T with a more uniform and dense magnetic induction line distribution. After building the magnetization drive coil, the magnetic induction intensity of the center of the magnetization drive coil can reach 1.34 T by a handheld digital Gauss meter test, and the error is no more than 2% with the simulation result. This design approach provides a reference for the structural design and operating characteristics analysis of magnetized drive coils and shortens the design cost and development cycle of magnetized drive coils.
Balancing Game with a Buffer

We consider a two person perfect information game with a buffer. On each round, Player I selects a [email protected]? R^nwith |v|@? 1, where |. | is thel"2-norm, and Player II can either put the vector in the buffer or choose a sign @e"i=+/-1 for a given vectorv"i. There are no more thandvectors that can be put in the buffer. Player II's object is to keep the cumulative sum |@[email protected]"iv"i| as small as possible. We prove that the value of the game goes to infinity [email protected]? n-2. We give an upper bound of the value ifd>=n-1. The same results hold for a generalized problem.
The Local Activation of Toll-like Receptor 7 (TLR7) Modulates Colonic Epithelial Barrier Function in Rats

Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated host–bacterial interactions participate in the microbial regulation of gastrointestinal functions, including the epithelial barrier function (EBF). We evaluated the effects of TLR7 stimulation on the colonic EBF in rats. TLR7 was stimulated with the selective agonist imiquimod (100/300 µg/rat, intracolonic), with or without the intracolonic administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Colonic EBF was assessed in vitro (electrophysiology and permeability to macromolecules, Ussing chamber) and in vivo (passage of macromolecules to blood and urine). Changes in the expression (RT-qPCR) and distribution (immunohistochemistry) of tight junction-related proteins were determined. Expression of proglucagon, precursor of the barrier-enhancer factor glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) was also assessed (RT-qPCR). Intracolonic imiquimod enhanced the EBF in vitro, reducing the epithelial conductance and the passage of macromolecules, thus indicating a pro-barrier effect of TLR7. However, the combination of TLR7 stimulation and DMSO had a detrimental effect on the EBF, which manifested as an increased passage of macromolecules. DMSO alone had no effect. The modulation of the EBF (imiquimod alone or with DMSO) was not associated with changes in gene expression or the epithelial distribution of the main tight junction-related proteins (occludin, tricellulin, claudin-2, claudin-3, junctional adhesion molecule 1 and Zonula occludens-1). No changes in the proglucagon expression were observed. These results show that TLR7 stimulation leads to the modulation of the colonic EBF, having beneficial or detrimental effects depending upon the state of the epithelium. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, but seem independent of the modulation of the main tight junction-related proteins or the barrier-enhancer factor GLP-2.
Links Between Race/Ethnicity by Racial/Ethnic Identity

Two studies examined whether individualism (orientation toward one's own welfare), collectivism (orientation toward the welfare of one's larger community), and familism (orientation toward the welfare of one's immediate and extended family) are distinct cultural values predicted by race/ ethnicity. The 3 constructs proved to be separate dimensions, although collectivism and familism were positively correlated. In Study 1, persons of color scored higher on collectivism and familism than did Anglos. No differences emerged for individualism. Also, persons of color scored higher than Anglos on racial/ethnic identity, which in turn was a positive predictor of all 3 cultural values. In Study 2, we replicated the group differences on collectivism and familism for men but not for women.
The soft x-ray free-electron laser FLASH at DESY: beamlines, diagnostics and end-stations

FLASH, the Free-electron LASer in Hamburg, is a worldwide unique source for extremely bright ultra-short laser-like pulses tunable in a wide spectral range in the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray region (Ackermann et al 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 336–42). To fully exploit the features of this new generation of light sources, a user facility with efficient radiation transport to the experimental area and novel online photon diagnostics capable of characterizing the unique parameters of the FLASH radiation has been built. It serves a broad user community active in many scientific fields ranging from atomic and molecular physics to plasma and solid state physics as well as chemistry and biology. A special focus is placed on the exploitation of the ultra-short FLASH pulses using pump–probe techniques. Thus, the facility is equipped with optical and THz sources synchronized to FLASH. This paper gives a detailed overview of the FLASH user facility.
Magnetization dynamics in permalloy films with stripe domains

Through a systematic investigation of the field-dependent dynamic magnetization of a series of NiFe films with and without stripe domains in conjunction with the static magnetization process, we demonstrate that the experimental rotatable anisotropy field is not a fixed value but strongly varied with the external in-plane magnetic field, being qualitatively associated with the emergence of stripe domains. Moreover, the frequency linewidth spectra of the films with stripe domains show an abnormal behavior with three distinct regimes which are strongly correlated with both the static magnetization process and the competition between external magnetic field and dynamic anisotropy field. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of inhomogeneous magnetization associated with the formation of stripe domains and the field-dependent dynamic anisotropy that cause the broadening of frequency linewidth.
The Effect of Aerobic Fitness on Psychological, Attentional and Physiological Responses during a Tabata High-Intensity Interval Training Session in Healthy Young Women

The current study examines the effects of a Tabata high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session on affective, cognitive and physiological indicators in women of different fitness levels. A total of 28 adult women (aged 24.2 ± 1.5 years) completed a 20 m shuttle run test and were then assigned to higher fitness and lower fitness groups (HF and LF, n = 14 each) according to their predicted aerobic power. On a separate occasion, participants completed a 30 min Tabata workout (six 4 min rounds separated by 1 min passive rest). Each round included eight exercises (20 s exercise and 10 s rest). Affective, physiological and cognitive responses were assessed prior to, during and after the protocol. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration increased similarly in both groups over time throughout the workout (p < 0.001). Total Mood Disturbance was higher for LF (111.4 ± 15.7) vs. HF (102.9 ± 11.7) (p = 0.48), vigor showed a level by time interaction of p = 0.006 and Activation–Deactivation Adjective Check List factors deteriorated over time (p < 0.001). The Concentration Grid Test was better overall for HF (10.5 ± 3.6) vs. LF (8.6 ± 3.6) (p = 0.05). The Feeling Scale and Rating of Perceived Exertion worsened similarly in both groups over time (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Positive and negative affect and arousal did not differ between groups or change over time (p > 0.05). These results show that, despite the different levels of aerobic fitness, physiological, metabolic, perceptual and affective responses were similar in the two groups of women during a 30 min Tabata session. This may imply that affective responses during this type of HIIT are independent of aerobic fitness.
Revisit Impedance-Based Stability Analysis of VSC-HVDC System

According to different partitioning styles, there exist different impedance-based stability analysis methods for complex systems such as voltage source converter (VSC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. Thus, the determination of the partitioning method is of importance in impedance-based stability analysis. However, how to partition a complex system is not paid much attention in the past. In this paper, the partitioning problems are revisited and a set of practical partitioning principles are proposed. Based on the principles, the VSC-HVDC system is partitioned into five parts, satisfying simplicity and integrity. In addition, the methods to form the equivalent circuits of the sub-systems are given and the equivalent circuits of the sub-systems are built, which is helpful to obtain the input-output models of the sub-systems. Furthermore, a stability criterion by directly applying the argument principle is used instead of the generalized Nyquist criterion (GNC), which could avoid the calculation of eigenvalue transfer functions, especially when a large number of sub-systems are involved. Finally, the correctness of the impedance-based stability analysis method is verified by control hardware-in-loop (CHIL) experimental results.
Viscoelastic mechanical behavior of soft microcantilever-based force sensors

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microcantilevers have been used as force sensors for studying cellular mechanics by converting their displacements to cellular mechanical forces. However, PDMS is an inherently viscoelastic material and its elastic modulus changes with loading rates and elapsed time. Therefore, the traditional approach to calculating cellular mechanical forces based on elastic mechanics can result in errors. This letter reports a more in-depth method for viscoelastic characterization, modeling, and analysis associated with the bending behavior of the PDMS microcantilevers. A viscoelastic force conversion model was developed and validated by proof-of-principle bending tests.
Challenges and Perspectives of Smart Grid Systems in Islands: A Real Case Study

Islands are facing significant challenges in meeting their energy needs in a sustainable, affordable, and reliable way. Traditionally, the primary source of electricity on the islands has been imported diesel fuel, with high financial costs for most utilities. In this context, even replacing part of the traditional production with renewable energy source can reduce costs and improve the quality of life of islanders. However, integrating large amounts of renewable energy production into existing grids introduces many concerns regarding feasibility, economic analysis, and technical implementation. From this point of view, machine learning and deep learning techniques are efficient tools to mitigate these problems. Their potential results are beneficial considering isolated grids of small islands which are not connected to the national grid. In this paper, a study of the Italian island of Ponza is carried out. The isolation leads to several challenges, such as the high cost related to the transport, installation, and maintenance of renewable energy sources in a small area with several constraints and their intermittent power production, which requires the use of storage systems for dispatching purposes. The proposed study aims to identify future developments of the electricity grid by considering the deployment of both renewable energy sources and energy storage systems. Furthermore, future scenarios are depicted through the use of autoregressive and deep learning techniques to give an idea about the economic costs of both energy demand and supply.
Clostridioides difficile in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance

Little is known about zoonotic pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance in South American camelids (SAC) in Germany including Clostridioides (C.) difficile. The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, molecular characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of C. difficile in SAC. Composite SAC faecal samples were collected in 43 husbandries in Central Germany and cultured for C. difficile. Toxinotyping and ribotyping was done by PCR. Whole genome sequencing was performed with Illumina® Miseq™. The genomes were screened for antimicrobial resistance determinants. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was investigated using core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Etest® method. Eight C. difficile isolates were recovered from seven farms. The isolates belonged to different PCR ribotypes. All isolates were toxinogenic. cgMLST revealed a cluster containing isolates recovered from different farms. Seven isolates showed similar resistance gene patterns. Different phenotypic resistance patterns were found. Agreement between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was identified only in some cases. Consequently, SAC may act as a reservoir for C. difficile. Thus, SAC may pose a risk regarding zoonotic transmission of toxinogenic, potentially human-pathogenic and resistant C. difficile isolates.
Faraday rotation and physical conditions in the Crab Nebula

New, high-resolution radio images of the Crab Nebula at four frequencies are presented. These are used to construct reliable depolarization and rotation measure (RM) maps. The polarization maps show considerable small-scale structure. The features in the RM map appear unrelated to any structure visible in the total intensity. The large-scale RM is remarkably constant at about -21 rad/sq m across the nebula, and is mostly external, with at most a small contribution from the nebula itself. The synchrotron-emitting regions are quite separate from those in which most of the Faraday rotation occurs. In the former, the scale size of the magnetic field structure is about 0.1 pc and the (thermal) densities are low. It is shown that the radio depolarization must be caused by a network of Faraday rotating filaments containing thermal material. Most of these filaments are too small to be seen individually, have a filling factor of about 0.3, and RMs of a few hundred radians per square meter. 28 refs.
FREE ENERGY OF A SEMIFLEXIBLE POLYMER CONFINED ALONG AN AXIS

A continuum model of a fluctuating semiflexible polymer chain confined along an axis is considered. In the regime of strong confinement, configurations with overhangs are negligible, and the partition function is determined by a partial differential equation. An extremum principle for eigensolutions is formulated. The exact solution of the differential equation for a polymer in a harmonic potential is given. A lower bound for the confinement free energy of a polymer in a tube is obtained.
Relationships between Humor Styles and the Big Five Personality Traits in Workers: A Network Analysis

In this study, we investigated the relationship between the four humor styles (Affiliative, Self-enhancing, Aggressive, and Self-defeating) assessed via the Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) and the ten facets of the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ) through network analysis. Four hundred and sixty-two Italian workers (61.3% women; Mage = 48.59; SD = 10.75) participated in the study and filled out the HSQ and the BFQ. Both centrality indexes (Expected Influence [EI]) and bridge nodes were calculated. In addition, the stability and accuracy of the network were checked. The network analysis revealed that HSQ Self-enhancing (EI = 0.63) showed the highest centrality among the HSQ styles, whereas BFQ Emotion Control (EI = 1.10) showed the highest centrality among BFQ facets; it also revealed that they were positively linked. Furthermore, HSQ Self-defeating emerged as the second-most-central humor style, negatively associated with BFQ Emotion Control. Concerning Bridge dimensions, four nodes were identified: HSQ Aggressive Humor, BFQ Emotion Control, BFQ Dynamism, and BFQ Dominance, with positive links between humor and personality except for Aggressive humor and Emotion Control, which showed negative links. On the basis of these results, the high centrality of HSQ Self-enhancing indicates the possibility of using this node as a starting point to foster positive and adaptive humor styles. The centrality of HSQ Self-defeating suggests that strength-based interventions could be focused to increase adaptive humor styles and to decrease them in order to enhance health-promoting humor styles. Furthermore, the bridge node of the HSQ Aggressive humor style with specific personality facets shows its possible use in intervention to both resize and to adaptively improve relationships between humor and personality.
Um Mecanismo de Controle de Congestionamento Disparado por Eventos Através de Filtragem Local de Dados para RSSFs Cluster-Tree

A Internet das Coisas (IoT - Internet of Things) é uma inovação tecnológica que tem se tornado bastante atrativa no âmbito comercial, industrial e residencial. Por conta disso, houve uma expansão no desenvolvimento de mecanismos de comunicação eficientes e desenvolvimento de aplicações em Redes de Sensores Sem Fio (RSSF). O conjunto de normas IEEE 802.15. 4 e ZigBee forma uma pilha adequada de protocolos para implantação de RSSFs. Esse conjunto de normas especifica uma topologia especial peer-to-peer chamada cluster-tree, apontada como uma das topologias mais apropriadas para implantação de RSSFs de larga escala. Entretanto, a ocorrência de congestionamentos evidencia-se como um dos maiores desafios de redes cluster-tree, tornando necessário o desenvolvimento de mecanismos eficientes para mitigar este problema, sem comprometer a integridade dos dados. Este artigo propõe a utilização de um mecanismo local de filtragem de dados eficiente como forma de evitar ou postergar congestionamentos para RSSFs cluster-tree, evitando reconfigurações de rede e melhorando métricas importantes, tais como atrasos de comunicação fim-a-fim e perda de pacotes. Os resultados mostram que a implementação de mecanismos de filtragem local nos nós sensores pode fornecer qualidade de serviço para o fluxo de monitoramento, evitando a execução de mecanismos de controle e reconfiguração de redes.
Simulation of the heliosphere: Model

The problem of the interaction of the solar wind with the very local interstellar medium (VLISM) is complicated by the role played by collisions between the plasma components of the heliosphere and VLISM and the neutral component of the VLISM. We outline the inherent approximations in fluid descriptions of the problem and give formulas for the near-exact charge exchange and elastic collision transfer integrals for particles, momentum and energy for two drifting Maxwellians with different drift speeds and temperatures. To lowest order, all Boltzmann collision operators can be evaluated analytically in terms of exponentials and error functions. Analytic approximations that have relative errors of less than 2.62% compared with the exact expressions can be implemented in large simulation codes. Our formulation avoids approximations used previously by others and leads to a simplification of the formulation and increased accuracy for numerical simulations of the heliosphere/VLISM interaction.
Variability in a Nonlinear Model of the Atmosphere with Zonally Symmetric Forcing

Abstract The variability in a two-level nonlinear atmospheric model is examined. The model domain is spherical. The sole forcing is a zonally symmetric parameterization of the December-February insulation. An extended 1500 day run is carefully analyzed. Despite the absence of any asymmetric forcing the model produces a large amount of low-frequency variance and very red temporal spectra in subtropical and polar latitudes. The spatial signature of these low-frequency disturbances is that of quasi-stationary Rossby wave trains. It is suggested that the ubiquity of quasi-stationary Rossby wave trains in this model with no stationary asymmetric forcing is a consequence of energy cascade from the scale of baroclinic instability. The inertial cascade of energy toward larger spatial scales that is characteristic of geotrophic turbulence is terminated at a wavenumber where wave dispersion becomes as important as advection. This is precisely the scale at which Rossby waves are stationary. Hence, the cascade of ene.
On the internal shear layers spawned by the critical regions in oscillatory Ekman boundary layers

The Ekman boundary layer scalings associated with small oscillatory flows in a rapidly rotating system are well known to break down at the critical latitudes. The effect of these anomalous boundary regions on the interior flow has long been an issue of some concern. We argue, using analytical results derived in a model problem based on Stewartson's (1957) split-disk configuration, that these boundary regions spawn internal shear layers. These shear layers have their natural length scale of E1/3 and carry velocities only O(E1/6) smaller than the Rossby number – where E is the Ekman number – if the boundary is concave away from the fluid at the critical latitude. Otherwise, only a weaker shear layer is produced of length scale E1/5 containing velocities of O(E3/10) smaller than the Rossby number rather than the usual O(E1/5) value for viscous flows in the interior. We show how these layers can carry angular momentum by themselves or more significantly in combination with the interior inviscid flow, so as to influence the mean flow at leading order. These conclusions are then discussed in the context of a precessing oblate spheroid of fluid for which detailed experimental observations are available.
A portrait of China’s economic transformation: from manufacturing to services

ABSTRACT The Chinese economy marked a turning point around 2010 to 2012, with economic growth, expenditure structure, industrial structure, and other macroeconomic indicators running counter to their earlier trends. There was a common cause behind all the changes: economic transformation from manufacturing to services. Starting with saturation in demand for manufactured goods, household consumption began to shift toward more human capital – intensive services, which led to a chain of effects in the industrial structure, slower economic growth, altered labor flows, as well as changes in the features of the business cycle. Compared with other high-income economies when they were at a similar development stage, China’s economic transformation from manufacturing to services has been the standard practice.
THE MAIN RISKS OF AN FX OPTIONS’ PORTFOLIO

In this document we study the risks of an FX options’ portfolio; we will focus on which, we think, are the main sources of risk. Besides, we analyze also the relationships between the underlying assets’ price and the (possibly stochastic) volatility. Some practical suggestions will be proposed to calculate the a total (combined asset’s price-volatility) VAR of a portfolio.