Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gamma Ray Bursts from Minijets

Striking similarities exist between high energy gamma ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGN) and gamma ray bursts (GRBs). They suggest that GRBs are generated by inverse Compton scattering from highly relativistic electrons in transient jets. Such jets may be produced along the axis of an accretion disk formed around stellar black holes (BH) or neutron stars (NS) in BH-NS and NS-NS mergers and in accretion induced collapse of magnetized white dwarfs (WD) or neutron stars in close binary systems. Such events may produce the cosmological GRBs. Transient jets formed by single old magnetized neutron stars in an extended Galactic halo may produce a local population of GRBs. Here we show that jet production of GRBs by inverse Compton scattering can explain quite simply the striking correlations that exist between various temporal features of GRBs, their duration histogram, the power spectrum of their complex multipeak light curves, their power-law high energy spectra and other features of GRBs. Some additional predictions are made including the expected polarization of gamma-rays in the bursts.
Integration of a clinical pharmacist workforce into newly forming primary care networks: a qualitatively driven, complex systems analysis

Objective The introduction of a new clinical pharmacist workforce via Primary Care Networks (PCNs) is a recent national policy development in the National Health Service in England. This study elicits the perspectives of people with responsibility for local implementation of this national policy package. Attention to local delivery is necessary to understand the contextual factors shaping the integration of the new clinical pharmacy workforce, and thus can be expected to influence future role development. Design A qualitative, interview study Setting and participants PCN Clinical Directors and senior pharmacists across 17 PCNs in England (n=28) Analysis Interviews were transcribed, coded and organised using the framework method. Thematic analysis and complex systems modelling were then undertaken iteratively to develop the themes. Results Findings were organised into two overarching themes: (1) local organisational innovations of a national policy under conditions of uncertainty; and (2) local multiprofessional decision-making on clinical pharmacy workforce integration and initial task assignment. Although a phased implementation of the PCN package was planned, the findings suggest that processes of PCN formation and clinical pharmacist workforce integration were closely intertwined, with underpinning decisions taking place under conditions of considerable uncertainty and workforce pressures. Conclusions National policy decisions that required General Practitioners to form PCNs at the same time as they integrated a new workforce risked undermining the potential of both PCNs and the new workforce. PCNs require time and support to fully form and integrate clinical pharmacists if successful role development is to occur. Efforts to incentivise delivery of PCN pharmacy services in future must be responsive to local capacity.
Fluctuation dissipation ratio in the one dimensional kinetic Ising model

The exact relation between the response function R ( t, t ′ ) and the two time correlation function C ( t, t ′ ) is derived analytically in the one dimensional kinetic Ising model subjected to a temperature quench. The ﬂuctuation dissipation ratio X ( t, t ′ ) is found to depend on time through C ( t, t ′ ) in the time region where scaling C ( t, t ′ ) = f ( t/t ′ ) holds. The crossover from the nontrivial form X ( C ( t, t ′ )) to X ( t, t ′ ) ≡ 1 takes place as the waiting time t w is increased from below to above the equilibration time t eq .
ABELL 2163: Temperature, Mass, and Hydrostatic Equilibrium

Using ASCA data, we have measured the electron temperature in Abell 2163 out to 1 . 5 h − 1 Mpc (3/4 of the virial radius, or 10 a x , where a x is the X-ray core-radius) from the center, in three radial bins. The obtained temperatures are 12 . 2 +1 . 9 − 1 . 2 keV, 11 . 5 +2 . 7 − 2 . 9 keV and 3 . 8 +1 . 1 − 0 . 9 keV in the 0–3 a x (0–3.5 ′ ), 3–6 a x and 6–13 a x spherical shells, respectively 5 . Formally applying the hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry assumptions and using these data together with the Ginga spectral and the Rosat imaging data, we were able to severely limit the possible binding mass distribution of the generic form ρ = ρ 0 (1 + r 2 /a 2 b ) − n/ 2 . All the allowed binding mass proﬁles are steeper than the gas density proﬁles and mass proﬁles with the same slope as gas are excluded at a greater than 99% conﬁdence. The total mass inside 0 . 5 h − 1 Mpc is 4 . 3 ± 0 . 5 × 10 14 h − 1 M ⊙ , of which 0 . 074 h − 3 / 2 is gas while inside 1 . 5 h − 1 Mpc the mass is 1 . 07 ± 0 . 13 × 10 15 h − 1 M ⊙ . The strongest mass quick the large only Rosat
Probing Early Clustering with LY alpha Absorption Lines beyond the Quasar Redshift

Groups and clusters of galaxies hosting a quasar can be found through the detection of Lyman-alpha absorption lines beyond the quasar redshift. The effect occurs whenever the distortion to the redshift distribution of Lyman-alpha clouds induced by the cluster potential extends beyond the proximity effect of the quasar. Based on CDM cosmological models for the evolution of structure, we predict the probability for finding lines beyond the quasar redshift ($z_{abs}>z_Q$) under the assumption that the physical properties of Lyman-alpha clouds are not affected by flows on large scales (1 Mpc and more) in the quasi-linear regime. If quasars randomly sample the underlying galaxy distribution, the expected number of lines with $z_{abs}>z_Q$ per quasar can be as high as 0.25[(dN/dz)/350] at $z=2$, where $dN/dz$ is the number of Lyman-alpha lines per unit redshift far from the quasar. The probability is enhanced if quasars typically reside in small groups of galaxies. A statistical excess of Lyman-alpha lines is expected near very dim quasars or around metal absorption systems. Due to clustering, the standard approach to the proximity effect overestimates the ionizing background flux at high redshifts by up to a factor of 3. This result weakens the discrepancy between the deduced background flux and the contribution from known populations of quasars.
HIV Increases the Risk of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema Through MMP-9

Background: HIV is associated with an increased risk for emphysema. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a lung tissue remodeling enzyme associated with emphysema. We previously found MMP-9 activity increases with increases in oxidative stress and that HIV increases alveolar oxidative stress. We hypothesized that HIV proteins would increase the risk of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema due to MMP-9. Methods: HIV-1 transgenic rats and wild-type littermates were exposed to cigarette smoke or sham for 8 weeks. Lung compliance and histology were assessed. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), primary alveolar macrophages (AM), and serum samples were obtained. A rat alveolar macrophage cell line was exposed to the HIV protein Tat, and MMP-9 levels were assessed by Western immunoblotting. MMP-9 protein expression and activity were assessed in AM from the HIV rat model by ELISA and cytoimmunofluoresence, respectively. Serum from human subjects with and without HIV and tobacco dependence was assessed for MMP-9 levels. Results: MMP-9 expression was significantly increased in rat alveolar macrophages after Tat exposure. HIV-1 transgenic rats developed emphysema while wild-type littermates did not. MMP-9 expression was also increased in the serum, BAL, and AM of HIV-1 transgenic rats after exposure to cigarette smoke compared with wild-type rats. In parallel, serum samples from HIV+ smokers had higher levels of MMP-9 than subjects without HIV and those who did not smoke. Conclusion: The combination of HIV and cigarette smoke increases MMP-9 expression in experimental rat HIV models and human subjects. HIV and cigarette smoke both induce alveolar oxidative stress and thereby increase MMP-9 activity.
Tracing the formation of the Milky Way through ultra metal-poor stars

We use Gaia DR2 astrometric and photometric data, published radial velocities and MESA models to infer distances, orbits, surface gravities, and effective temperatures for all ultra metal-poor stars ([Fe/H] 11 Gyr) and that they are expected to belong to the Milky Way halo, we find that these 42 stars (18 dwarf stars and 24 giants or sub-giants) are currently within 20 kpc of the Sun and that they map a wide variety of orbits. A large fraction of those stars remains confined to the inner parts of the halo and was likely formed or accreted early on in the history of the Milky Way, while others have larger apocentres (> 30 kpc), hinting at later accretion from dwarf galaxies. Of particular interest, we find evidence that a significant fraction of all known UMP stars (26 per cent) are on prograde orbits confined within 3 kpc of the Milky Way plane (J_z < 100 km s^{-1} kpc). One intriguing interpretation is that these stars belonged to the massive building block(s) of the proto-Milky Way that formed the backbone of the Milky Way disc. Alternatively, they might have formed in the early disc and have been dynamically heated, or have been brought into the Milky Way by one or more accretion events whose orbit was dragged into the plane by dynamical friction before disruption. The combination of the exquisite Gaia DR2 data and surveys of the very metal-poor sky opens an exciting era in which we can trace the very early formation of the Milky Way.
Holographic duality and the resistivity of strange metals

Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA(Dated: December 16, 2013)We present a strange metal, described by a holographic duality, which reproduces the famouslinear resistivity of the normal state of the copper oxides, in addition to the linear speciﬁc heat.This holographic metal reveals a simple and general mechanism for producing such a resistivity,which requires only quenched disorder and a strongly interacting quantum critical state. The key isthe minimal viscosity of the latter: unlike in a Fermi-liquid, the viscosity is very small and thereforeis important for the electrical transport. This mechanism produces a resistivity proportional to theelectronic entropy.
Multi-Source Transfer Learning for EEG Classification Based on Domain Adversarial Neural Network

Electroencephalogram (EEG) classification has attracted great attention in recent years, and many models have been presented for this task. Nevertheless, EEG data vary from subject to subject, which may lead to the performance of a classifier degrades due to individual differences. To collect enough labeled data to model would address the issue, but it is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, we propose a new multi-source transfer learning method based on domain adversarial neural network for EEG classification. Specifically, we design a domain adversarial neural network, which includes a feature extractor, a classifier, and a domain discriminator, and therefore reduce the domain shift to achieve the purpose. In addition, a unified multi-source optimization framework is constructed to further improve the performance, and the result for EEG classification is induced by the weighted combination of the predictions from multiple source domains. Experiments on three publicly available EEG datasets validate the advantages of the proposed method.
IDENTIFYING BLUE HORIZONTAL BRANCH STARS USING THE z FILTER

In this paper we present a new method for selecting blue horizontal branch (BHB) candidates based on color–color photometry. We make use of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey z band as a surface gravity indicator and show its value for selecting BHB stars from quasars, white dwarfs, and main-sequence A-type stars. Using the g, r, i, and z bands, we demonstrate that extraction accuracies on a par with more traditional u, g, and r photometric selection methods may be achieved. We also show that the completeness necessary to probe major Galactic structure may be maintained. Our new method allows us to efficiently select BHB stars from photometric sky surveys that do not include a u-band filter such as the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System.
The Navier-Stokes equations in periodic domains

In the present technical note, we establish that the setting of the primitive variables of the unsteady incompressible fluid dynamics is ill-formulated in spatially periodic domains as the specification of the boundary velocity is too broad to sidestep time-dependency and approximation errors. As an illustration, we show that the Taylor-Green solution in planes suffers from the Hadamard-divergence, and the ABC flow in cubes is non-unique. In direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence with no corrective precautions on the boundary values, our assertion helps us understand the well-experienced nuisances, such as slow rates of convergence in energy dissipation, fluctuations in the statistics moments, or spontaneous surges in the time-averaged flow quantities.
Topological classification of k.p Hamiltonians for Chern insulators

We proof the existence of two different topological classes of low-energy k.p Hamiltonians for Chern insulators. Using the paradigmatic example of single-valley two-band models, we show that k.p Hamiltonians that we dub local have a topological invariant corresponding precisely to the Hall conductivity and linearly dispersing chiral midgap edge states at the expansion point. Non-local k.p Hamiltonians have a topological invariant that is twice the Hall conductivity of the system. This class is characterized by a non-local bulk-edge correspondence with midgap edge states appearing away from the high-symmetry k.p expansion point.
Optimizing synchronizability of networks

In this paper, we investigate the factors that affect the synchronization of coupled oscillators on networks. By using the edge-intercrossing method, we keep the degree distribution unchanged to see other statistical properties' effects on network's synchronizability. By optimizing the eigenratio $R$ of the coupling matrix with \textit{Memory Tabu Search} (MTS), we observe that a network with lower degree of clustering, without modular structure and displaying disassortative connecting pattern may be easy to synchronize. Moreover, the optimal network contains fewer small-size loops. The optimization process on scale-free network strongly suggests that the heterogeneity plays the main role in determining the synchronizability.
The Prevalence of Bullying Victimization and Perpetration Among the School-Aged Population in Chinese Communities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Though bullying was predominantly documented in Western societies, increasing attention has been paid to bullying in Chinese communities during recent years. It remains unknown whether bullying among youngsters in the Chinese communities is similar to or different from their counterparts in Western societies. A systematic review was primarily conducted in English and Chinese databases from the start to December 31, 2021. This study estimated the prevalence of overall (integrating both face-to-face and cyber forms), face-to-face, and cyber bullying victimization and perpetration using random-effects models. Based on 68 eligible studies, this study revealed a pooled prevalence of overall bullying victimization of 22.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] [17.7, 28.6]) and a pooled prevalence of overall bullying perpetration of 15.7% (95% CI [6.7, 32.3]). Besides, the estimated prevalence were 20.8% and 10.3% for face-to-face bullying victimization and perpetration, while 9.6% and 8.4% for cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. The subgroup analyses showed that the high heterogeneity of prevalence among the studies estimating bullying victimization and perpetration could be accounted for by sample characteristics and the measurement approaches. This study suggests that bullying is prevalent in the Chinese communities, comparable to, if not higher than, in the Western societies. Prevention and intervention programs are urgently required to reduce bullying among the school-aged population in Chinese communities.
Currents in metallic rings with quantum dot

Currents in a metallic ring with a quantum dot are studied in the framework of a Langevin equation for a magnetic flux passing through the ring. Two scenarios are considered: one in which thermal fluctuations of the dissipative part of the current are modelled by classical Johnson-Nyquist noise and one in which quantum character of thermal fluctuations is taken into account in terms of a quantum Smoluchowski equation. The impact of the amplitude and phase of the transmission coe cient of the electron through a quantum dot on current characteristics is analyzed. In tailored parameter regimes, both scenarios can exhibit the transition from para- to diamagnetic response of the ring current versus external magnetic flux. In the early 90's after the successful reduction of the signal- to-noise ratio the three groups conducted pioneering experi- ments with the mesoscopic metallic rings. The careful mea- surements of Cooper (1), Gold (2), and Gallium-Aluminum- Arsenide/Gallium-Arsenide (3) normal rings has shown the ev- idence of the existence of the persistent equilibrium currents flowing in the small metallic pieces of the rotational symmetry rea rming an old idea of Friedrich Hund (4). This very idea concerns the charge transport in normal metallic ring. From the Ohm law we can expect that from the macroscopic point of view such current will die out within the relaxation time for a given material, which for metal is known to be rather short and of the order of 10 14 s. However, for su ciently small cir- cumferences the macroscopic description is no longer valid and ring reaches the region where both macro- and micro-world meet making the requirement for the mesoscopic description (5) of the dynamics. In low enough temperature the e ects of quantum coherence of electrons appear. Under the right cir- cumstances some electrons in the ring are able to preserve its coherence which in turn results in a persistent (dissipationless) equilibrium current induced by the static magnetic field. In 1965 Bloch (6) and five years later Kulik (7) confirmed Hund's theory using the quantum-mechanical description. The real in- terest in the topic of the persistent currents in normal rings arose after 1983 paper by Buttiker et. al (8) where the existence of the persistent currents was shown also in the presence of the elastic dispersions. First measurements of currents in the di usive regime (2) have shown rather strong disagreement (10-200 times larger
Testing light-traces-mass in Hubble Frontier Fields Cluster MACS-J0416.1-240

Abstract We reconstruct the projected mass distribution of a massive merging HFF cluster MACSJ0416 using the genetic algorithm based free-form technique called Grale. The reconstructions are constrained by 149 lensed images identified by Jauzac et al. using HFF data. No information about cluster galaxies or light is used, which makes our reconstruction unique in this regard. Using visual inspection of the maps, as well as galaxy-mass correlation functions we conclude that overall light does follow mass. Furthermore, the fact that brighter galaxies are more strongly clustered with mass is an important confirmation of the standard biasing scenario in galaxy clusters. On the smallest scales, ≲ few arcseconds the resolution afforded by 149 images is still not sufficient to confirm or rule out galaxy-mass offsets of the kind observed in ACO 3827. We also compare the mass maps of MACSJ0416 obtained by three different groups: Grale, and two parametric LENSTOOL reconstructions from the CATS and Sharon/Johnson teams. Overall, the three agree well; one interesting discrepancy between Grale and LENSTOOL galaxy-mass correlation functions occurs on scales of tens of kpc and may suggest that cluster galaxies are more biased tracers of mass than parametric methods generally assume.
Training 7-10 year-old students to complete a food diary

Denise Camargo ConsolmagnoI Nathalia Antiqueira AssunçãoI Thaysa Laudari GiovannettiI Débora Pretti ZeraibI Patrícia de Fragas HinnigI Sílvia Rafaela Mascarenhas FreazaI Giovanny Vinicius Araújo de FrançaII Odaleia Barbosa de AguiarIII Ana Maria Dianezi GambardellaI Denise Pimental BergamaschiI I Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP. II Departamento de Nutrição da UFMT. IIIInstituto de Nutrição da UERJ.
Entanglement, Elasticity, and Viscous Relaxation of Actin Solutions

We have investigated the viscosity and the plateau modulus of actin solutions with a magnetically driven rotating disk rheometer. For entangled solutions we observed a scaling of the plateau modulus versus concentration with a power of 7/5. The measured terminal relaxation time increases with a power 3/2 as a function of polymer length. We interpret the entanglement transition and the scaling of the plateau modulus in terms of the tube model for semiflexible polymers.
Macroscopic optical response and photonic bands

We develop a formalism for the calculation of the macroscopic dielectric response of composite systems made of particles of one material embedded periodically within a matrix of another material, each of which is characterized by a well-defined dielectric function. The nature of these dielectric functions is arbitrary, and could correspond to dielectric or conducting, transparent or opaque, absorptive and dispersive materials. The geometry of the particles and the Bravais lattice of the composite are also arbitrary. Our formalism goes beyond the long-wavelength approximation as it fully incorporates retardation effects. We test our formalism through the study of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in two-dimensional photonic crystals made of periodic arrays of cylindrical holes in a dispersionless dielectric host. Our macroscopic theory yields a spatially dispersive macroscopic response which allows the calculation of the full photonic band structure of the system, as well as the characterization of its normal modes, upon substitution into the macroscopic field equations. We can also account approximately for the spatial dispersion through a local magnetic permeability and analyze the resulting dispersion relation, obtaining a region of left handedness.
Delayed Withholding: Disguising Withdrawal of Life Sustaining Interventions in Extremely Preterm Infants

Deciding to resuscitate extremely premature babies: How do parents and neonatologists engage in the decision? Social Science & Medicine 64 (7):1487–500. doi: 10.1016/j. socscimed.2006. 11.016. Syltern, J., L. Ursin, B. Solberg, and R. Støen. 2022. Postponed withholding: Balanced decision-making at the margins of viability. The American Journal of Bioethics 22 (11):15–26. doi:10.1080/15265161.2021. 1925777.