Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The formation of the South Tharsis Ridge Belt: Basin and Range‐style extension on early Mars?

The South Tharsis Ridge Belt (STRB) is located along the northeastern edge of Terra Sirenum and partially surrounds the southwestern part of Tharsis in an arc. It consists of 29 large ridges separated by distances 130 to 260 km, with average relief of 1.5 km above the surrounding plains. Because the STRB is among the oldest tectonic features associated both spatially and developmentally with Tharsis, it may provide key information on the early evolution of Tharsis and possibly pre‐Tharsis processes. Earlier studies concluded that the ridges formed through compressional tectonism. However, the shape, size, and separation of the ridges support the interpretation that the STRB resembles the extensional Basin and Range Province on Earth. Both regions are characterized by series of parallel mountain ranges separated by broad valleys. In this study, we evaluate both extensional and compressional hypotheses for the origin of the ridges using evidence from topography, deformed craters, crustal thickness models, and strain modeling. Though neither interpretation explains all aspects of the ridges, the topography of the ridges and crustal thinning associated with the western part of the ridge belt support an extensional origin. Strain models predict that Basin and Range‐style wide rifting would be expected for early Martian conditions. This extension may have been initiated by plume‐induced uplift in the early stages of Tharsis formation, but the large amount of extensional strain inferred in the western STRB must have been accommodated by compression elsewhere, possibly in the heavily deformed craters of western Terra Sirenum.
Trajectory Mining and Routing: A Cross-Sectoral Approach

Trajectory data holds pivotal importance in the shipping industry and transcend their significance in various domains, including transportation, health care, tourism, surveillance, and security. In the maritime domain, improved predictions for estimated time of arrival (ETA) and optimal recommendations for alternate routes when the weather conditions deem it necessary can lead to lower costs, reduced emissions, and an increase in the overall efficiency of the industry. To this end, a methodology that yields optimal route recommendations for vessels is presented and evaluated in comparison with real-world vessel trajectories. The proposed approach utilizes historical vessel tracking data to extract maritime traffic patterns and implements an A* search algorithm on top of these patterns. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can lead to shorter vessel routes compared to another state-of-the-art routing methodology, resulting in cost savings for the maritime industry. This research not only enhances maritime routing but also demonstrates the broader applicability of trajectory mining, offering insights and solutions for diverse industries reliant on trajectory data.
Costa Rican ecotourism and the (re)construction of social-natures on the Osa Peninsula

This thesis is concerned with the social construction of nature and society through ecotourism on the Osa Peninsula of Costa Rica. It demonstrates that ecotourism is based on an idealized conception of nature external to and separate from society, allowing uneven power relationships to go unexamined and causing themes of social justice and equity to go unaddressed in the development and implementation of it. In my research I show how society and nature are linked in a mutually re-constructive relationship in order to redirect attention onto the way in which powerful agents control the idea of nature in Costa Rica and privilege those who accept the idealized external form, ultimately resulting in uneven development. This is achieved, first, by showing how society constructs nature through discursive representation and, second, by exploring how those new natures reconfigure social relationships and re-order social structures. Methodologically, I take an interpretive approach to participant observation and employ a discourse and image analysis of travel media. Specifically, I analyze Costa Rican travel brochures, advertisements, guidebooks, and electronic sources and contrast two Osa tourism ventures, utilizing information collected from informal interviews and student course journals. I argue that nature on the Osa Peninsula is increasingly being re-made as an object external to society, that society is being reconfigured as a result, that the entire process is controlled by an elite minority, and that the outcome is inequity based on a willingness and ability to accept the dominant new ideas about nature in Costa Rica.
Desplazamiento del Hábitat de Macrolíquenes del Bosque Montano en un Escenario de Calentamiento Global en el Noreste de los Andes Venezolanos

Se estimaron los riesgos de pérdida “local” y “total” de hábitats de macrolíquenes considerando la migración ascendente debido al calentamiento “global” previsto para el presente siglo por el IPCC. Para tal fin, se realizaron muestreos aleatorios en el sotobosque de un bosque montano, parque nacional Sierra Nevada de Mérida, Venezuela. Se escogió una transecta en el rango entre los 2100–3100 msnm. Con el fin de demostrar la representatividad del muestreo, se evaluó el desempeño de los estimadores no paramétricos Chao 1 y 2, Jacknife 1 y 2. Los resultados revelaron 1200 individuos representados por 401 muestras, 38 géneros, 145 especies, ocho especies endémicas y tres especies nuevas; 94 especies en el bosque montano bajo y 90 especies en el bosque montano alto; 102 presentaron una distribución altitudinal “exclusiva” al bosque montano, mientras 43 especies “no-exclusiva”. La alta proporción de especies “únicas” y “duplicadas”, así como de “singletones” y “doubletones”, está relacionada con la alta diversidad y endemismo (10,78%.) y con una variedad de microclimas como consecuencia de la topografía irregular en la transecta. El análisis de desplazamiento de hábitat por incremento de temperatura (ΔT) indica que el 56,86% de las especies estarían en riesgo de desaparición por pérdida de hábitat ante un ΔT ≤ 0,5°C; el 69,60% de las especies estarían en riesgo de desaparición por pérdida de hábitat ante un ΔT ≤ 1°C; el 92,15% perderían su hábitat ante un ΔT ≤ 4°C; mientras el 11% de las especies (endémicas) perdería el “total” de sus hábitats ante un ΔT ≤ 1°C. Solo el hábitat local de 9 especies se conservaría con un incremento mayor a los 4°C. Palabras claves: líquenes; sotobosque; Cordillera de Mérida; pérdida de hábitat.
Modulation of Corneal FAK/PI3K/Akt Signaling Expression and of Metalloproteinase-2 and Metalloproteinase-9 during the Development of Herpes Simplex Keratitis

To observe the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and of the FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HSK. Fifty BALB/c mice were infected to establish the model and killed on days 0, 2, 7, 14, and 28. The cornea samples were prepared, respectively. Slit lamp examination, immunofluorescence staining, reverse transcription PCR, and Western blot were used to detect the index. After HSV-1 infection, different degrees of epithelial or stromal damage and corneal opacity were observed. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at different levels of corneal tissue were observed on the 0d, 2d, 7d, 14d, and 28d. Compared with 0d, the relative expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA at 2d, 7d, 14d, and 28d were significantly increased (all P< 0.05). Compared with 14d, the relative expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA decreased on the 2d, 7d, and 28d (all P< 0.05). Western blot showed that the protein expressions of p-FAK, p-PI3K, p-Akt, MMP-2, and MMP-9 at 2d, 14d, and 28d were all significantly higher than 0d (all P< 0.05). At 14 d, the expressions of p-FAK, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and MMP-2 were significantly higher than those at 2d, 7d, and 28d (all P< 0.05). The protein expression of FAK, PI3K, and Akt in corneal of mice in each time period had no significant (all P> 0.05). These data suggest that FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and MMP-2 and MMP-9 may be involved in the development of HSK.
Monthly top‐down NOx emissions for China (2005–2012): A hybrid inversion method and trend analysis

We develop an approach combining mass balance and four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) methods to facilitate inversion of decadal‐scale total nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions. In 7 year pseudo‐observation tests, hybrid posterior emissions have smaller normalized mean square error (NMSE) than that of mass balance when compared to true emissions in most cases and perform slightly better in detecting NOx emission magnitudes and trends. Using this hybrid method, OMI NO2 satellite observations and the GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model, we find more than 30% increases of emissions over most of East China at the 0.5° × 0.667° grid cell level, leading to a 16% growth of emissions over all of China from 2005 to 2012, whereas emissions in several urban centers have decreased by 10–26% in the same period. From 2010 to 2012, a decline is found in the North China Plain, Hubei Province, and Pearl River Delta area, coinciding with China's enforcement of its twelfth “Five Year Plan. ” Changes in individual grid cell may be different from changes over the entire city or province, as exemplified by opposite trends in Beijing versus the Mentougou district of Beijing from 2005 to 2012. Also, NO2 columns do not necessarily have the same trend as NOx emissions due to their nonlinear response to emissions and the influence of meteorology, the latter alone which can cause up to 30% interannual changes in NO2 columns. Compared to recent bottom‐up inventories, hybrid posterior emissions have the same seasonality, smaller emissions, and emission growth rate at the national scale.
Exploring Parkinson’s Disease-Associated Depression: Role of Inflammation on the Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Pathways

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to the disease onset. Classically, PD is a movement disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway and intraneuronal aggregates mainly constituted of the protein α-synuclein. However, PD patients also display non-motor symptoms, including depression, which have been linked to functional abnormalities of non-dopaminergic neurons, including serotonergic and noradrenergic ones. Thus, through this comprehensive literature review, we shed light on the noradrenergic and serotonergic impairment linked to depression in PD, focusing on the putative involvement of inflammatory mechanisms.
Imprecise probabilistic estimation of design floods with epistemic uncertainties

An imprecise probabilistic framework for design flood estimation is proposed on the basis of the Dempster‐Shafer theory to handle different epistemic uncertainties from data, probability distribution functions, and probability distribution parameters. These uncertainties are incorporated in cost‐benefit analysis to generate the lower and upper bounds of the total cost for flood control, thus presenting improved information for decision making on design floods. Within the total cost bounds, a new robustness criterion is proposed to select a design flood that can tolerate higher levels of uncertainty. A variance decomposition approach is used to quantify individual and interactive impacts of the uncertainty sources on total cost. Results from three case studies, with 127, 104, and 54 year flood data sets, respectively, show that the imprecise probabilistic approach effectively combines aleatory and epistemic uncertainties from the various sources and provides upper and lower bounds of the total cost. Between the total cost and the robustness of design floods, a clear trade‐off which is beyond the information that can be provided by the conventional minimum cost criterion is identified. The interactions among data, distributions, and parameters have a much higher contribution than parameters to the estimate of the total cost. It is found that the contributions of the various uncertainty sources and their interactions vary with different flood magnitude, but remain roughly the same with different return periods. This study demonstrates that the proposed methodology can effectively incorporate epistemic uncertainties in cost‐benefit analysis of design floods.
Impact of Gamma Irradiation on Biochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Black Rice

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a fruit caryopsis, well known for its high calorific value and presence of high antioxidant phytochemicals such as flavonoids and anthocyanins. Further exposure of crops to different doses of physical mutagens is useful to give insight into development of quality traits for plant breeding. So, the objective of the present study was to analyse the effects of gamma irradiation on black rice seeds that were exposed to different radiation doses and to evaluate the irradiation effect on physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants. Variations were observed among different doses from non-enzymatic antioxidant activities that showed the increasing flavonoids, phenolics and carotenoids accumulation from low to high doses. A high dose irradiation releases, high amount of H2O2 as compare to O2- indicating the involvement of enzymatic antioxidants as a defence mechanism. An inverse relation was shown between peroxidase and catalase enzyme and concentration of Superoxide dismutase also increased with increasing doses. To know the level of stress on cellular metabolism, total proline and malon dialdehyde accumulation was estimated and both showed positive results for increasing doses. In case of measurement of photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll concentration increased from 50 Gy to 100 Gy and decreased from 150 Gy to 200 Gy due to peroxidation of membrane. Significant effect was not observed in the concentration of soluble sugar among various doses. Thus, the present study, was useful to isolating effective dose (50Gy, 100 Gy) that may contribute towards advancement of qualitative traits for future breeding purposes.
TOURISM SEGMENTATION AS A CONDITION OF THE CONTEMPORARY MARKET OF TOURISM

Обоснована необходимость сегментирования туризма по отдельным видам , рассмотрены различные классификации туризма, предложена авторская сегментация туризма в соответствии со сложившимся состоянием современного туристического рынка Ключевые слова: СЕГМЕНТАЦИЯ ТУРИЗМА , ВИДЫ ТУРИЗМА , КРИТЕРИИ КЛАССИФИКАЦИИ ТУРИЗМА , СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОТРЕБНОСТИ ТУРИСТОВ UDC 338.481 TOURISM SEGMENTATION AS A CONDITION OF THE CONTEMPORARY MARKET OF TOURISM Popova Elena Vitalievna Dr.Sci.Econ., Cand.Phys.-Math.Sci., professor, Head of the Chair of information systems Shevchenko Anna Aleksandrovna postgraduate student of the Chair of information systems Kurnosova Natalya Sergeevna undergraduate student of the Chair of applied informatics Kuban state agrarian university, Krasnodar, Russia The necessity to divide tourism to different parts has been stated in the article; we have also examined lots of tourism classifications and proposed the author’s segmentation of tourism according to nowadays tourism market condition Keywords: TOURISM SEGMENTATION, TYPES OF TOURISM, CRITERIA FOR CLASSIFICATION OF TOURISM, CONTEMPORARY TOURISTS NEEDS
One-decade development of high-precision zircon U-Pb dating:Chances and challenges for Chinese scientists

Constraining geological time is a key problem in geoscience studies.Since 2003,along with the initiation of the EARTHTIME project,the lab techniques for geochronology have been greatly developed and promoted and thus the resultant age precision has been greatly improved with wide application to dating problems of various geological events and stratigraphic boundaries.This paper provides a brief review of the improvement of high-precision zircon U-Pb dating in the last decade.The great success of developing highprecision CA-TIMS zircon dating method and its application highlighted the necessity of building our own dating lab and training scientists and technicians in China.It is considered that this will provide an opportunity to improve the research environment,to raise the scientific level and to encourage new ideas.Chinese scientists should grasp this international scientific innovation and make our own contributions.
A Low-cost Sleeping Mask of Early Screening OSA Support System based on Edge Computing in Smart Home

— Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder in which people stop breathing while sleeping. The majority of sleep apnea patients are now undiagnosed due to the high cost and practicality of overnight polysomnography (PSG) at sleep labs, which requires an expert human observer to work overnight. Scientists are developing new ways for sleep apnea detection to ensure the most comfortable and timely diagnosis. In this study, we propose a support system that enables warning obstructive sleep apnea risk at home using two representative symptoms: snore status and sleeping posture. The proposed system consists of three main components: a smart sleeping mask, an embedded computer, and a smartphone. In particular, the smart sleeping mask uses a tilt angle sensor to get the patient’s sleeping position data and an acoustic sensor to collect sound data during sleep. Then these data will be transmitted to the embedded computer to process and send suitable obstructive sleep apnea warning messages to display on the smartphone application. The main goal of the proposed system is to improve the Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network for snoring diagnosis in order to enhance classification results. The model is able to achieve an accuracy of 98.8%, a sensitivity of 99.5%, and a specificity of 97.7% overall in snore detection on our customer dataset. A system prototype has been designed, implemented, and tested successfully in a real-time context. The result of the study permits low-cost OSA early screening in the home, thereby enabling more patients to be diagnosed in a timely manner.
The Rise of RNA-Based Therapeutics: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Potential

In recent years, RNA-based therapeutics have emerged as a groundbreaking field, offering innovative approaches for drug development and therapeutic interventions. This review article presents a comprehensive exploration of the advancements in RNA-based therapeutics, focusing on key modalities such as RNA interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, and other emerging RNA-based therapies. The introduction provides an insightful overview of the potential of RNA as a therapeutic target, highlighting its unique mechanisms of action and its transformative role in precision medicine. Subsequently, the review delves into the intricacies of RNAi, explaining the function of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in selectively silencing disease-associated genes, thereby opening new avenues for therapeutic interventions. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are discussed in detail, elucidating how they target mRNA for degradation or modulation of splicing, offering promising solutions for treating genetic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and viral infections. Additionally, the groundbreaking success of mRNA vaccines is explored, with an emphasis on their role in combatting infectious diseases like COVID-19 and their potential application in cancer immunotherapy and other therapeutic areas. Addressing the critical issue of delivery challenges in RNA-based therapeutics, the review presents various strategies to enhance stability, cellular uptake, and minimize immunogenicity, thereby improving the effectiveness of these therapies in reaching their intended targets. Clinical successes and challenges of RNA-based therapeutics are critically evaluated, providing insights into ongoing clinical trials and approved therapies. Success stories underscore the transformative potential of RNA-based treatments, while safety concerns are addressed, paving the way for safer and more efficient therapeutic applications. The review concludes by exploring future prospects and innovations in the field, highlighting novel delivery strategies, advancements in RNA editing technologies, and the promise of combination therapies to augment therapeutic outcomes. Regulatory considerations and commercialization challenges are also discussed, offering an understanding of the regulatory landscape for RNA-based therapeutics and the potential for market growth. In conclusion, this review article serves as an informative resource for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical professionals, shedding light on the rapid progress in RNA-based therapeutics and their potential to revolutionize disease treatment. By integrating knowledge from diverse sources, this review contributes to advancing the field and underscores the exciting possibilities of RNA-based interventions in improving patient outcomes and addressing unmet medical needs.
The Effects of Benralizumab on Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: A Real-World Study

Introduction: Add-on biological monoclonal antibodies such as benralizumab (anti-IL-5Ra) are recommended by international guidelines to reduce exacerbations in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). However, few studies have assessed the impact of these therapies on lung function-related outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of benralizumab on lung function, including lung volumes and airway resistance, in SEA patients in Portugal. Methods: This was a real-world, observational, prospective, multicentric study including adult patients diagnosed with SEA (January-June 2023). Spirometry and plethysmography were performed at baseline (T0) and after six months of treatment (T6) with benralizumab to assess: total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (mFEF-25/75), intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV), and respiratory airway resistance (Raw). Descriptive statistics (with categorical variables described as frequencies and continuous values as mean and standard deviation (SD)) and paired t-test and Cohen’s d effect size were calculated (analyses performed in StataCorp v.15.1; StataCorp LLC, TX, USA). Results: Overall, 30 SEA patients were evaluated, mostly women (n=18, 60.0%), with atopy (n=22, 73.3%), a mean age of 58.4 years (SD 11.7), and assisted by pulmonology (n=19, 63.3%) or immunology-allergology (n=11, 36.7%) services. Mean eosinophilia at baseline was 1103.57 cells/mcL (SD 604.88; minimum-maximum 460-2400); after the use of benralizumab, the count dropped to zero. After six months of treatment, a significant increase (p<0.0001) in FVC (15.3%), FEV1 (22.6%), and mFEF-25/75 (17.7%) were observed from baseline (Cohen’s d between 0.78 and 1.11). ITGV, RV, RV/TLC, and Raw significantly decreased (p<0.0001) during the study period (-17.3%, -29.7%, -8.9%, and -100.6%, respectively) (Cohen’s d between -0.79 and -1.06). No differences in TLC were obtained (p=0.173). No differences between sexes were observed for any measure. Patients with more significant eosinophilia (>900 cells/mcL count; n=15) presented better responses in FEV1 (p=0.001) and mFEF-25/75 (p=0.007). Conclusions: A notable eosinophil depletion with add-on benralizumab led to significant improvements in SEA patients’ respiratory function (static lung volumes and airway resistance) in real-world settings after six months. The significant deflating effect of benralizumab on patients’ hyperinflated lungs led to enhanced expiratory flow (increased FEV1 and mFEF-25/75) and air trapping (decreased RV/TLC), suggesting this antibody improves bronchial obstruction, lung hyperinflation, and airway resistance. Further studies in a larger population are required to confirm these findings.