Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Practical Geometric Calibration Method for a large-Scale High-Precision Measurement System in 3-D space for Human Posture

A Practical Geometric Calibration Method for a large-Scale High- Precision 3-D Position Sensing System for Human Posture is developed; the proposed method enables us easily to set up the sensing system; then the applicable areas and circumstances are extended extremely. In this Paper, we try to consider 3-D position sensing system with I-D mark direction sensitive devices, which can be used to determine the position of three bright spot fixed to Human head in a large-Scale 3-D space. This approach, is based on an engineering mathematical closed form technique for the perspective of determining the related parameter to the formula of the point of interest in 3-D space with possible large scale extension, with a simple automatically calibration arrangement for the sensing system placed in the measuring space related to 7 referential point. We believe that this practical system will be very helpful to human relat~d movement research.
Automatic speech summarization based on sentence extraction and compaction

This paper proposes a new automatic speech summarization method having two stages: important sentence extraction and sentence compaction. Relatively important sentences are extracted based on the amount of information and the confidence measures of constituent words, and the set of extracted sentences is compressed by our sentence compaction method. The sentence compaction is performed by selecting a word set that maximizes a summarization score consisting of the amount of information and the confidence measure of each word, the linguistic likelihood of word strings, and the word concatenation probability. The selected words are concatenated to create a summary. Effectiveness of the proposed method was confirmed by summarizing a spontaneous presentation.
Evaluating effectiveness : a framework for assessing the management of protected areas

This publication proposes a framework for assessing management effectiveness, recognising the need for a variety of responses depending on needs and resources. It aims to help all those who wish to assess protected areas, both in suggesting what needs to be done and in providing some guidelines. It includes six practical case studies from Australia, the Congo Basin, Central America, South America and the USA
Mapping 3D fault geometry in earthquakes using high‐resolution topography: Examples from the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah (Mexico) and 2013 Balochistan (Pakistan) earthquakes

Fault dips are usually measured from outcrops in the field or inferred through geodetic or seismological modeling. Here we apply the classic structural geology approach of calculating dip from a fault's 3‐D surface trace using recent, high‐resolution topography. A test study applied to the 2010 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquake shows very good agreement between our results and those previously determined from field measurements. To obtain a reliable estimate, a fault segment ≥120 m long with a topographic variation ≥15 m is suggested. We then applied this method to the 2013 Balochistan earthquake, getting dips similar to previous estimates. Our dip estimates show a switch from north to south dipping at the southern end of the main trace, which appears to be a response to local extension within a stepover. We suggest that this previously unidentified geometrical complexity may act as the endpoint of earthquake ruptures for the southern end of the Hoshab fault.
Realization and Development of Radial-Flux Permanent Magnet Micromotor Utilizing MEMS 3D Solenoid Coils With Iron Core

Electromagnetic (EM) motors fabricated using a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) have a broad application prospect as miniature actuators owing to their high power density. However, size and structural limitations, exist because the testing technology for micro motors is still immature, and the existing test data only focus on a few indicators, such as motor speed. In this study, the radial-flux permanent magnet (PM) micromotor with three-dimensional (3D) iron-core MEMS silicon-embedded coils of high aspect ratio (coil height/line width = 14) is tested systematically, including static performance, electrical parameters, temperature tolerance, and output parameters. The micromotor is in the form of a hexagonal prism with a thickness of 1.6 mm. The total weight of the micromotor is 3.552 g. The average resistance of the coils is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.39~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with an average inductance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.060~\mu \text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The tested results confirm that the back electromotive force (EMF) waveform is sinusoidal, with a back EMF coefficient of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.89\times 10^{\text {-{4}}}\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>/rad. With the internal heating power of 3.29 W, surface temperature of the micromotor is 78°C in the state of natural convection. The micromotor can be maintained at 582 rpm under 0.5 A input current and no-load condition. The complete test scheme proposed in this work is in favor of the test for millimeter-scale micromotors under development.
The Characteristics of SLD icing accretions and aerodynamic effects on high-lift configurations

Supercooled Large Droplet (SLD) is a well-known issue in the field of aircraft since the 1994 ATR-72 commuter aircraft accident occurs. However, recent researches are mostly concerning the icing mechanism itself and effects but hardly refer to the critical high-lift features. This paper develops an analytical method for the simulation of multi-element airfoil icing on high-lift configurations. After verifying the CFD, dynamic of particle trajectories and icing simulating aglorythm on multi-element airfoils, the paper characterizes the SLD icing accetions and aerodynamic effects on the high-lift configuration and compares them with those in non-SLD conditions, by which we identify the sensitive features of the over-accelerated ice accretion on the flap will induce flow separation on the flow and potential of degradation of aerodynamic performance.
EFFECTS OF THE SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND IN DEBRECEN, HUNGARY

Summary – In this paper the results of the examinations on the effects of various weather conditions on the development and spatial pattern of the urban heat island (UHI) in Debrecen, Hungary are presented. Measurements were carried out using mobile technique with instruments that were mounted on cars. Examinations proved the existence of the UHI in Debrecen. Under favorable weather conditions (anticyclone activity, calm weather) the heat island showed some unique spatial characteristics. Most regular heat islands developed in cases when Hungary was situated between weak high and low pressure systems. Under antycyclonic conditions strong heat islands formed, but their shape was usually deformed by the prevailing winds. Strong cyclone activity eliminated the formation of the UHI, while under weak cyclone activity regular, but weak heat islands of only about 1oC developed.
Hydrologic Modeling for Flood Frequency Prediction in Several Data-Limited River Basins in the Balkans

Flooding is the costliest natural hazard in Europe, and poses a serious threat to life and property across the globe. Consequently, identifying areas prone to flooding under a variety of storm conditions is an important step in quantifying flood risk, and mitigating and preventing flood-related damages and losses. Flood frequency analysis plays a critical role in the identification of flow magnitudes under different recurrence interval scenarios. In ungauged catchments, flood frequency estimates can only be obtained by using regional regression equations or hydrologic models. In regions of the world such as the Balkans, which have only very limited data and lack well-established regional regression equations, hydrologic models play a pivotal role in providing these flood frequency estimates. This study uses a probabilistic hydrologic model to simulate the rainfallrunoff process in three Balkan countries: Albania, Macedonia, and Serbia. The model domain includes all major river basins contributing surface runoff to these three countries. The key model input is derived from soil, land-use and land-cover, and topography data available for the modeled area. The statistically downscaled output from a fully-coupled Global Circulation Model and Numerical Weather Prediction model is used as the hydrologic model’s precipitation input. This hourly rainfall data set has a resolution of 8.18 km. Simulated flow is used to generate flood frequency estimates for both gauged and ungauged streams within the three countries. Results show that the approach has great promise for accurately predicting flood frequency values in the region of interest.
Childhood Psychological Maltreatment, Mindful Awareness, Self-Transcendence, and Mental Well-Being in Emerging Adults

Psychological maltreatment is a severe form of abuse that can have a significant negative impact on an individual’s mental health and well-being. Examining the factors that reduce the negative effects of child maltreatment on the outcomes can, hence, contribute to the development of effective prevention and intervention strategies, providing resources and support for families, early detection, and education for parents and caregivers. The present study aimed to explore the mediating role of mindful awareness and self-transcendence in the association between childhood psychological maltreatment and mental well-being among Turkish emerging adults. The study sample consisted of 422 emerging adults enrolled in a state university in Türkiye (with 65% of female). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 29 years, with a mean age of 20.94 years (SD = 1.86). The present study found that psychological maltreatment was not only directly associated with lower levels of mindful awareness and self-transcendence, but also indirectly associated with poorer mental well-being through the mediating effects of these variables. The study suggests that childhood psychological maltreatment is a significant risk factor for mental well-being among emerging adults, and highlights the importance of promoting the development of mindful awareness and self-transcendence in preventions and interventions aimed at improving mental well-being. By cultivating these positive psychology states, emerging adults may be better equipped to overcome the negative effects of psychological maltreatment.
CENAGIS-ALS BENCHMARK - NEW PROPOSAL FOR DENSE ALS BENCHMARK BASED ON THE REVIEW OF DATASETS AND BENCHMARKS FOR 3D POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION

Abstract. Benchmarking is an essential tool for scientific and technological progress. This article reviews the benchmarks for 3D point cloud segmentation and classification. Based on the analysis of the articles and the knowledge gathered, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in the number of benchmarks, allowing to compare research results against specific performance metrics independently. However, benchmarks vary regarding the number of classes, spatial size, nomenclature, and class division. In this article, we introduce a new annotated 3D dataset - CENAGIS-ALS Benchmark. We propose a benchmark of highly dense lidar point clouds acquired by Leica CityMapper-2 for the Centre of Warsaw, Poland. The area covers 2 km2, and the data has a density of 275 pts/m2. The dataset consists of a number of classes that are distinguishable for this type of data. In addition to the basic classes, more specialized classes, important from the perspective of urban space, are also distinguished. Moreover, the division of classes consists of three levels of detail from coarse (e.g., a building) to refined elements (e.g., roofs, chimneys, and other rooftop objects). This benchmark can contribute to geospatial societies, considering the large spatial size of the study area with unified data quality and the higher number of classes with the hierarchical division compared to other benchmarking data.
LCM2021 – the UK Land Cover Map 2021

Abstract. Land cover is a key environmental variable, underpinning widespread environmental research and decision making. The UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH) has provided reliable land cover information since the early 1990s; this supports multiple scientific, government and commercial objectives. Recent advances in computation and satellite data availability have enabled annual UKCEH land cover maps since 2017. Here, we introduce the latest, annual UK Land Cover Map representing 2021 (LCM2021), and we describe its production and validation. LCM2021 methods replicate those of LCM2017 to LCM2020 with minor deviations in cloud-masking processes and training data sourcing to enhance accuracy. LCM2021 is based on the classification of satellite and spatial context data into 21 land cover or habitat classes, from which a product suite is derived. The production of LCM2021 involved three highly automated key stages: pre-processing of input data, image classification and production of the final data products. Google Earth Engine scripts were used to create an input data stack of satellite and context data. A set of training areas was created based on data harvested from historic UKCEH land cover maps. The training data were used to construct a random forest classifier, which yielded classified images. Compiled results were validated against 35 182 reference samples, with correspondence tables indicating variable class accuracy and an overall accuracy of 82.6 % for the 21-class data and 86.5 % at a 10-aggregated-classes level. The UK Land Cover Map product suite includes a set of raster products in various projections, thematic and spatial resolutions (10 m, 25 m and 1 km), and land–parcel or vector products. The data are provided in 21-class (all configurations) and aggregated 10-class (1 km raster products only) versions. All raster products are freely available for academic and non-commercial research. The data for Great Britain (GB) are provided in the British National Grid projection (EPSG: 27700) and the Northern Ireland (NI) data are in the TM75 Irish Grid (EPSG: 29903). Information on how to access the data is given in the “Data availability” section of the paper.
Associations between Surface and Rectal Temperature Profiles of Low-Birth-Weight Piglets

Simple Summary Piglets experience a significant temperature drop soon after birth and the time taken to recover can impact their survival and growth. Rectal temperature is the best method currently used to monitor temperature change, however, it is invasive and requires handling which can be stressful. Infrared camera technology has improved and surface temperature has been suggested to be a good substitute for rectal temperature. A study was undertaken to investigate the utility of infrared measurements of piglets from immediately after birth to 24 h old. Results showed that surface temperature had a similar temperature pattern to rectal temperature but was highly affected by the environment and cannot be recommended as a substitute for rectal temperature measurement. Abstract The use of infrared cameras to record surface temperature has shown some promise in older pigs, but neonatal piglets are metabolically less mature and experience rapid temperature changes during their first 24 h. The present experiment aimed to compare rectal temperature to surface temperature at the base of the ear, measured using an infrared camera, for piglets of different birth weights. During farrowing, 48 multiparous sows were monitored, and rectal and surface temperatures were recorded for their lower-birth-weight (≤1.2 kg) piglets within 3 min of birth and at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.50, 2, 3, 4, and 24 h. Piglet birth weights were assigned to one of three categories (BWC): BWC1 (≤0.80 kg), BWC2 (0.81 to 1.10 kg), or BWC3 (1.11 to 1.20 kg). Piglet rectal temperatures at 1.25 h after birth were assigned to one of three categories: RC1 (≤32.0 °C), RC2 (32.1 to 35.0 °C), or RC3 (≥35.1 °C). Surface temperatures showed a similar recovery pattern to rectal temperatures in the first 24 h across all piglet birth weights, although large and variable differences seen in the current study militate against surface temperature being an appropriate replacement for neonatal rectal temperature for use in production.
Ethoxylate Polymer-Based 96-Well Screen for Protein Crystallization

Crystallization is the limiting step in X-ray structure determination of biological macromolecules. As crystallization experiments can be largely automatized, the diversity of precipitant solutions is often the determinant factor to obtain crystals of high quality. Here, we introduce a 96-well screening kit of crystallization conditions, centered on three ethoxylate-based organic polymers as precipitants and various additional compounds to promote crystal formation. This crystallization screen was tested on various non-standard proteins from bacteria and archaea. Structure determination succeeded for seven out of thirteen targets based on crystals that frequently diffracted to a higher resolution than those obtained with commercially available screening kits. Crystallization hits were rarely similar among the three ethoxylate-based organic polymers and, in comparison, with already available crystallization screens. Hence, the presented crystallization screen is an efficient tool to complement other screens and increase the likelihood of growing crystals suitable for X-ray structure determination.
The formation rate of depth hoar

Natural snow covers are recrystallized to depth hoar through sublimation. The internal water-vapor flux responsible for this recrystallization depends on temperature, temperature gradient, ambient atmospheric pressure, and snow structure. If a model for temperature distribution between ice framework and pore volume is assumed for low-density snow, this flux can be calculated in terms of the diffusion process and its relation to the climatic variables quantitatively demonstrated. Observed depth-hoar-formation times agree with the calculated flux values and show that depth hoar forms as a consequence of internal mass translation resulting from the vapor flux itself, rather than from the smaller mass accumulation term.
Municipal Zoning for Local Foods in Iowa: A Guidebook for Reducing Local Regulatory Barriers to Local Foods

The popularity of local foods has increased significantly in the last few decades, pushed along in recent years by a heightened interest of consumers in buying local and sustainably-grown foods. From 1997 to 2007 direct-to-consumer food marketing grew by 104.7 percent while total agricultural sales increased by only 47.6 percent. (Diamond and Soto, 2009). According to a recent report of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 163,675 farmers sold an estimated $6.1 billion in locally marketed food.
Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in VANETs

VANETs is a technology that provides communication between moving vehicles. VANETs are a type of Mobile Ad-Hoc networks in which moving vehicles will act as nodes. VANETs are highly dynamic in nature due to mobility of nodes and this dynamic nature causes topological change in the network, which may affect the communication and security of whole network. There are various attacks which may effect the network but wormhole attack is one the harmful attack which may affect the communication in VANET. This is so because wormhole may lead to attacks like Denial of service attack, data tampering, masquerading etc. In this paper performance of different routing protocols are analysed on the basis of metrics like throughput, end-to-end delay and jitter. Performance of routing protocols are analysed in two cases first is without wormhole attack and second is with wormhole attack and it has been checked how much performance of routing protocols AODV, OLSR and ZRP are degraded with wormhole attack.
A calculator for local peatland volume and carbon stock to support area planners and decision makers

Abstract Conserving soil carbon is one of many actions to take in limiting global warming. However, carbon dense peatlands are still being drained or excavated. Infrastructure development is one of the major current threats to boral peatlands in Fennoscandia, but few tools are available for calculations of carbon stocks in peatland areas, necessary for decision makers planning development projects. Thus, we compiled a reference database of key peat characteristics from main boreal peatland types sampled in Norway and tested “best practice” peat depth sampling methods and peat volume interpolations. We implemented our findings in CarbonViewer, a tool and easy-to-use app that reliably calculates carbon stocks of delimited peatlands. Tool and method presented, estimates carbon stocks to assess potential soil carbon loss in planned infrastructure development on peatlands and will give decision makers the necessary knowledge base to limit emissions from soil carbon.
Preventing the Progression of Myopia in Children—A Review of the Past Decade

The growing incidence of myopia worldwide justifies the search for efficient methods of myopia prevention. Numerous pharmacological, optical, and lifestyle measures have already been utilized, but there remains a need to explore more practical and predictable methods for myopia control. This paper presents a review of the most recent studies on the prevention of myopia progression using defocus-incorporated multiple-segment spectacle lenses (DIMSsl), repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy, and a combination of low-dose atropine (0.01%) with orthokeratology lenses.
Exploring Causal Relationship between IT Management Maturity and IT Effects －A Field Study in Akita Prefecture－

The purpose of this study is to explore a causal relationship between IT (Information Technology) management maturity and IT effects for enterprises in Akita prefecture of Japan. This study generates a hypothesis pertaining to the causal relationship and the hypothesis is statistically tested. Enhancing business operation by utilizing IT is one of critical issues not only for a large enterprise but also for a SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise). This study provides new insight for approach to gain business value from IT investment in local enterprises by clarifying characteristics of the relationship between IT management maturity and IT effects. Based on the previous research, this study assesses IT management maturity in local enterprises by employing seven constructs: (1) top management leadership, (2) communications, (3) outsourcing, (4) governance, (5) partnership, (6) IT skills, and (7) IT infrastructure. Similarly, seven constructs for IT effects are employed based on the previous research: (1) financial effect, (2) product and service improvement, (3) business scale enlargement, (4) business process transformation, (5) bargaining power enhancement, (6) decision-making sophistication, and (7) efficiency improvement. A mail questionnaire survey is used to gather data. The survey is conducted from mid-September to the end of October in 2012. The questionnaire is sent to 1016 persons in charge of business planning or information system. 331 complete sets of valid responses including various industry types are received. Results indicate that IT management maturity has a positive impact on IT effect. IT management maturity has relatively strong relationship with product and service improvement and bargaining power enhancement. On the other hand, in the group of enterprises whose IT management maturity is high, IT management maturity has strong relationship with decision-making sophistication and efficiency improvement. This study implies that improving IT management maturity is essential to achieve decision-making sophistication and efficiency improvement by using IT in local enterprises.