Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Blood-Based Biomarkers of Repetitive, Subconcussive Blast Overpressure Exposure in the Training Environment: A Pilot Study

Because of their unknown long-term effects, repeated mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), including the low, subconcussive ones, represent a specific challenge to healthcare systems. It has been hypothesized that they can have a cumulative effect, and they may cause molecular changes that can lead to chronic degenerative processes. Military personnel are especially vulnerable to consequences of subconcussive TBIs because their training involves repeated exposures to mild explosive blasts. In this pilot study, we collected blood samples at baseline, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, 2 weeks, and 3 months after heavy weapons training from students and instructors who were exposed to repeated subconcussive blasts. Samples were analyzed using the reverse and forward phase protein microarray platforms. We detected elevated serum levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), nicotinic alpha 7 subunit (CHRNA7), occludin (OCLN), claudin-5 (CLDN5), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP9), and intereukin-6 (IL-6). Importantly, serum levels of most of the tested protein biomarkers were the highest at 3 months after exposures. We also detected elevated autoantibody titers of proteins related to vascular and neuroglia-specific proteins at 3 months after exposures as compared to baseline levels. These findings suggest that repeated exposures to subconcussive blasts can induce molecular changes indicating not only neuron and glia damage, but also vascular changes and inflammation that are detectable for at least 3 months after exposures whereas elevated titers of autoantibodies against vascular and neuroglia-specific proteins can indicate an autoimmune process.
Observation of ultra-fine structures in energy levels of prolate nuclei

This work discusses the observation of splitting in the energy levels of prolate nuclei. Similar effects in atomic physics are known as the Zeeman effect, but in nuclear physics the feasibility of such phenomena has not been observed. After introducing a deformation in the commutation relation in three dimensions, we used these commutation relations in X(3) model. After enough derivation, we then evaluate the energy spectrum relation for the considered system, which has resulted in energy splitting. With these observations in the energy splitting we referred to such an effect as the ultra-fine structures in energy levels. At the end some plots have been depicted to illustrate the results.
”Det, at det var livelive!”

Taking its starting point in a qualitative study of the audience’s experience of the performance I am TheDreams Labyrinth, the present article discusses liveness, understanding and autenticity. From a desire to”reflect which functions the theater should involve in the future and from which criteria society shouldsupport and invest in theatre” (Ministry of Culture 2010, p. 7), the article claims the necessity of both closeanalysis of performances and sociological oriented studies of the experiences of audiences.
Where to Initiate Basal Insulin Therapy: Inpatient or Outpatient Department? Real-World Observation in China

Background This study aims to compare the effectiveness of initiating insulin therapy in inpatient and outpatient settings during a 6-month follow-up period among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in real-world settings. Materials and Methods The study was based on the ORBIT study, a real-world observational study which recruited patients with inadequate glycemic control by oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) and initiated basal insulin (BI). We compare difference in initiation and evolution of insulin therapy and glycemic control after six months were compared between patients initiating basal insulin in the inpatient department (inpatient initiators) and those starting in outpatient (outpatient initiators) among participants without rehospitalization during the six months follow-up. Results Among all 18,995 participants in the ORBIT study, 56.0% were inpatient initiators and 44.0% outpatient. We conducted in-depth analysis among 14,860 patients without rehospitalization, 8129 inpatient initiators and 6731 outpatient initiators. (1) Inpatient initiators had lower insulin therapy persistence during six months (64.2%) than outpatient ones (78.6%) (p<0.001), which was mainly explained by more therapy switches from basal-bolus regimen to other therapies among inpatient initiators (50.1%) than that among outpatient initiators (37.5%) (p<0.001). (2) Inpatient initiation had a higher proportion of people achieving glucose targets (HbA1c <7%) than outpatient initiation. However, the benefit of inpatient initiation versus outpatient initiation was mainly observed among patients persisting with the initial insulin therapies (46.3% vs 39.5% p<0.001), rather than those nonpersistent (37.3% vs 36.2%, p=0.723). (3) Among patients with HbA1c <9%, taking only one OAD and without complications at baseline, inpatient insulin initiation did not show a higher proportion of people achieving glucose target than outpatient initiation (adjusted odds ratio=0.96, 95% CI: 0.76–1.21). Conclusion For patients with HbA1c ≥9%, who were taking more than one OAD and had complications at baseline, initiating insulin treatment during hospitalization has a higher proportion of people achieving glucose target than that in the outpatient department, but the premise is that the initial therapy is acceptable and can be maintained after discharge. Patient-centered approach with co-agreed decision-making to select a suitable insulin regimen should be strengthened.
BAYESIAN INTEGRATION OF ASTROCHRONOLOGY AND RADIOISOTOPE GEOCHRONOLOGY

Abstract. Relating stratigraphic position to numerical time using age–depth models plays an important role in determining the rate and timing of geologic and environmental change throughout Earth history. Astrochronology uses the geologic record of astronomically derived oscillations in the rock record to measure the passage of time and has proven to be a valuable technique for developing age–depth models with high stratigraphic and temporal resolution. However, in the absence of anchoring dates, many astrochronologies float in numerical time. Anchoring these chronologies relies on radioisotope geochronology (e.g., U–Pb, 40Ar/39Ar), which produces high-precision (<±1 %), stratigraphically distributed point estimates of age. In this study, we present a new R package, astroBayes, for a Bayesian inversion of astrochronology and radioisotopic geochronology to derive age–depth models. Integrating both data types allows reduction in uncertainties related to interpolation between dated horizons and the resolution of subtle changes in sedimentation rate, especially when compared to existing Bayesian models that use a stochastic random walk to approximate sedimentation variability. The astroBayes inversion also incorporates prior information about sedimentation rate, superposition, and the presence or absence of major hiatuses. The resulting age–depth models preserve both the spatial resolution of floating astrochronologies and the accuracy as well as precision of modern radioisotopic geochronology. We test the astroBayes method using two synthetic datasets designed to mimic real-world stratigraphic sections. Model uncertainties are predominantly controlled by the precision of the radioisotopic dates and are relatively constant with depth while being significantly reduced relative to “dates-only” random walk models. Since the resulting age–depth models leverage both astrochronology and radioisotopic geochronology in a single statistical framework they can resolve ambiguities between the two chronometers. Finally, we present a case study of the Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation where we refine the age of the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, showing the strength of this approach when applied to deep-time chronostratigraphic questions.
Extraction de programmes optimisés à partir de preuves (non-constructives) par l'interprétation Dialectia (monotone) légère

This thesis presents a new optimization of Gödel’s Dialectica interpretation for the extraction of more efficient exact realizers from (classical) arithmetical proofs. The “light” variant of Dialectica also combines and even more smoothly with Kohlenbach’s “monotone” optimization of Gödel’s functional interpretation for the extraction of more efficient majorants and bounds from (classical) monotonic arithmetical and even analytical proofs. “Light Dialectica” is obtained by adapting Berger’s “uniform” or “non-computational” quantifiers. Moreover, its presentation is given in Natural Deduction style, as an improvement of Jørgensen’s recent adaptation of pure Gödel’s Dialectica. A number of concrete examples are treated on the computer by means of the novel technique. The machine comparison with the more established program-synthesis technique of refined A-translation shows a very good performance of Light Dialectica, which is outperformed only in the case of Dickson’s Lemma. Also the theory of synthesis of feasible, poly-time computable programs is developed for the new “Light Monotone Dialectica” extraction technique. Two pre-existent frameworks due to Cook-Urquhart-Ferreira and respectively Kohlenbach are crossbreeded for this purpose into a “poly-time bounded Analysis”. The theoretical result is promising, yet practical examples are to be found for the difference with the pure Kohlenbach’s “polynomially bounded Analysis”.
Magnetotransport in a model of a disordered strange metal

We engineer a microscopic model of two-dimensional conduction electrons locally and randomly scattering off impurity sites which are described by Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models. For a particular choice of the scattering interaction, this model realizes a controlled description of a diffusive marginal-Fermi liquid (MFL) without momentum conservation, which has a linear-in-$T$ resistivity and a $T\ln T$ specific heat as $T \rightarrow 0$. By tuning the strength of the scattering interaction relative to the bandwidth of the conduction electrons, we can additionally obtain a finite-$T$ crossover to a fully incoherent regime that also has a linear-in-$T$ resistivity. We describe the magnetotransport properties of this model. We then consider a macroscopically disordered sample with domains of such MFLs with varying electron and impurity densities. Using an effective-medium approximation, we obtain a macroscopic electrical resistance that scales linearly in the magnetic field $B$ applied perpendicular to the plane of the sample, at large $B$. The resistance also scales linearly in $T$ at small $B$, and as $T f(B/T)$ at intermediate $B$. We consider implications for recent experiments reporting linear transverse magnetoresistance in the strange metal phases of the pnictides and cuprates.
Comment on ``Electronic thermal conductivity and the Wiedemann-Franz law for unconventional superconductors''

A different treatment of the electronic contribution to the in-plane thermal conductivity of high-T{sub c} superconductors than in Graf {ital et al.} [Phys. Rev. B {bold 53}, 15147 (1996)] leads to a nonconventional T{sup 2} dependence of the electron-impurity contribution in contrast to the predicted linear dependence of Graf {ital et al.} In fact, taking into account both electron-impurity-phonon scattering leads to a nontrivial T{sup {beta}} dependence as found experimentally in various high-T{sub c} materials, where {beta} results from different T-dependent contributions as well as the values of the impurity fraction in the sample N and the in-plane transport electron-phonon coupling constant of the material {lambda}{sub ab}. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Assessment of Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion

Background: Noninvasive assessment of osseous fusion after spinal fusion surgery is essential for timely diagnosis of patients with symptomatic pseudarthrosis and for evaluation of the performance of spinal fusion procedures. There is, however, no consensus on the definition and assessment of successful posterolateral fusion (PLF) of the lumbar spine. This systematic review aimed to (1) summarize the criteria used for imaging-based fusion assessment after instrumented PLF and (2) evaluate their diagnostic accuracy and reliability. Methods: First, a search of the literature was conducted in November 2018 to identify reproducible criteria for imaging-based fusion assessment after primary instrumented PLF between T10 and S1 in adult patients, and to determine their frequency of use. A second search in July 2021 was directed at primary studies on the diagnostic accuracy (with surgical exploration as the reference) and/or reliability (interobserver and intraobserver agreement) of these criteria. Article selection and data extraction were performed by at least 2 reviewers independently. The methodological quality of validation studies was assessed with the QUADAS-2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2) and QAREL (Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies). Results: Of the 187 articles included from the first search, 47% used a classification system and 63% used ≥1 descriptive criterion related to osseous bridging (104 articles), absence of motion (78 articles), and/or absence of static signs of nonunion (39 articles). A great variation in terminology, cutoff values, and assessed anatomical locations was observed. While the use of computed tomography (CT) increased over time, radiographs remained predominant. The second search yielded 11 articles with considerable variation in outcomes and quality concerns. Agreement between imaging-based assessment and surgical exploration with regard to demonstration of fusion ranged between 55% and 80%, while reliability ranged from poor to excellent. Conclusions: None of the available criteria for noninvasive assessment of fusion status after instrumented PLF were demonstrated to have both sufficient accuracy and reliability. Further elaboration and validation of a well-defined systematic CT-based assessment method that allows grading of the intertransverse and interfacet fusion mass at each side of each fusion level and includes signs of nonunion is recommended. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A simple simulation of quantum like behavior with a classical oscillator / Einfache Simulation von Quantensystemen mittels eines klassischen Oszillator

Since years a classical oscillator is known representing fundamental properties of quantum mechanical systems without the use of the demanding mathematics of quantum theory. This allows to develop an intuitive notion in introductory quantum theory lessons in high school and university. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, quantization and collapse of the oscillator in analogy to the collapse of the wave function and the probability interpretation are clearly demonstrated, The simulation of the oscillator with the GNU Octave software and the related code are presented. ---- Seit Jahren ist ein klassischer Oszillator bekannt, der es erlaubt einige grundlegende Eigenschaften von quantenmechanischen Systemen darzustellen, ohne die anspruchsvolle Mathematik der Quantenmechanik benutzen zu m\"ussen. Dadurch ist es m\"oglich in der Schule und Hochschule in Kursen zur Einf\"uhrung in die Quantenmechanik eine intuitive Vorstellung zur Quantenmechanik zu entwickeln und Eigenschafen wie spontane und stimulierte Emission, Quantisierung und Kollaps des Oszillator analog zum Kollaps der Wellenfunktion sowie die zwanglose Einf\"uhrung der Wahrscheinlichkeitsinterpretation anschaulich darzustellen. Die Simulation des Oszillator mittels der GNU Octave Software und dem zugeh\"origen Quelltext wird gezeigt.
3D reconstruction of the spatial distribution of dislocation loops using a triangulation approach

We propose a new approach for reconstructing the 3D spatial distribution of small dislocation loops (DLs) from 2D TEM micrographs. This method is demonstrated for small DLs in tungsten, formed by low-dose ion-implantation, that appear as circular spots in diffraction contrast images. To extract the 3D position of specific DLs, their 2D position in multiple weak-beam dark-field TEM micrographs, recorded at different tilt angles, is fitted. From this fit the geometric centre and size of each DL in each micrograph can be extracted. Using a forward prediction approach each specific DL is identified in all the 2D projections. A system of linear equations can then be setup, linking the 3D position of each DL to its 2D position in each projection. If more than 2 projections are available this system of equations is over-determined, and the 3D position of each DL is found by least-squares fitting. The results are in good agreement with the damage microstructure recovered using a generalized weighted back-projection method. Importantly the triangulation approach requires fewer projections and is less sensitive to the angular range covered by the projections. Our new method is also less sensitive to contrast variations due to local deviations from the diffraction condition. These advantages, as well as the accuracy of the triangulation method, are discussed in detail.
The inception of star cluster formation revealed by [C ii] emission around an Infrared Dark Cloud

We present SOFIA-upGREAT observations of [CII] emission of Infrared Dark Cloud (IRDC) G035.39-00.33, designed to trace its atomic gas envelope and thus test models of the origins of such clouds. Several velocity components of [CII] emission are detected, tracing structures that are at a wide range of distances in the Galactic plane. We find a main component that is likely associated with the IRDC and its immediate surroundings. This strongest emission component has a velocity similar to that of the $^{13}$CO(2-1) emission of the IRDC, but offset by $\sim3\:{\rm km\:s}^{-1}$ and with a larger velocity width of $\sim9\:{\rm km\:s}^{-1}$. The spatial distribution of the [CII] emission of this component is also offset predominantly to one side of the dense filamentary structure of the IRDC. The CII column density is estimated to be of the order of $\sim10^{17}-10^{18}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}$. We compare these results to the [CII] emission from numerical simulations of magnetized, dense gas filaments formed from giant molecular cloud (GMC) collisions, finding similar spatial and kinematic offsets. These observations and modeling of [CII] add further to the evidence that IRDC G035.39-00.33 has been formed by a process of GMC-GMC collision, which may thus be an important mechanism for initiating star cluster formation.
Bell measurements for teleportation

In this paper we investigate the possibility of making complete Bell measurements on a product Hilbert space of two two-level bosonic systems. We restrict our tools to linear elements, such as beam splitters and phase shifters, delay lines and electronically switched linear elements, photodetectors, and auxiliary bosons. As a result we show that with these tools a never failing Bell measurement is impossible.
Edge Process Models for Regular and Irregular Pixels.

Abstract : This report shall focus attention on the specification of the edge process, and show how various geometrical insights suggests how the prior Gibbs distribution should be constructed. The discussion will suggest relative costs for possible configurations somewhat different from those proposed by Geman and Geman (1984). In addition the scheme will provide methods for dealing with rectangular and irregular pixel patterns. The general idea of evolving penalties for continuation configurations based on a conditional expected projection length can of course be extended to more general polygons in the dual tessellation. The advantage of the projection approach is that consistent penalties can be written down for cliques of different kinds that appear in different parts of the same pattern. Thus the circular pixel grid contains some vertices of degree 3, which can be dealt with using the formulas derived and some of degree 4 whose dual polygons in the dual tessellation are for all practical purposes, rectangles-which are treated in this section.
Jet formation and collimation in agn and microquasars

We briefly review our current understanding for the formation, acceleration and collimation of winds to jets associated with compact astrophysical objects such as AGN and μQuasars. All such outflows may be considered to a first approximation as ideal MHD plasmas escaping from a rotating and magnetized accretion disk with a magnetosphere around a central black hole. A crucial ingredient for a correct modelling of the steady state problem is to place the appropriate boundary conditions, by taking into account how information can propagate through the outflow and ensuring, e.g., that shocks produced via the interaction of the flow with the external medium do not affect the overall structure. As an example underlining the role of setting the correct boundary conditions, we make the analogy of the critical surfaces in the steady and axisymmetric MHD problem with the event horizon and ergosphere of a rotating black hole in relativity. We discuss the acceleration of the outflow, by gas, radiation, or wave pressure gradients and also by magnetic mechanisms, showing the important role played by the disk corona in the vicinity of the black hole. Pressure and magnetic confinement both may also play a role in confining the outflow, although magnetic hoop stress confinement is likely to be a rather dominant process in tightly collimated outflows. The possible asymptotical morphology that jets achieve and the instabilities which are likely to explain the observed structures but do not prevent jets to possess toroidal magnetic fields are also reviewed. Finally, it is proposed that in a space where the two main variables are the energy of the magnetic rotator and the angle between the line of sight and the ejection axis, some observed characteristics of AGN jets can be understood. A criterion for the transition of the morphologies of the outflows from highly collimated jets to uncollimated winds is given. It is based on the analysis of a particular class of exact solutions and may somehow generalize other earlier suggestions, such as the spinning of the black hole, the fueling of the central object, or the effects of the environment. Thus, while the horizontal AGN classification from Type 0 to Types 1 and 2 may well be an orientation effect – i.e. a dependence on the viewing angle between the source axis and the observer as in the standard model – the vertical AGN classification with uncollimated outflows (radio-quiet sources) and collimated outflows (radio-loud sources) depends both, on the efficiency of the magnetic rotator and the environment in which the outflows propagate.