Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BANK OF DALLAS MEASUREMENT BIAS IN THE HICP : WHAT DO WE KNOW AND WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW ?

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is the primary measure of inflation in the euro area, and plays a central role in the policy deliberations of the European Central Bank (ECB). The ECB defines its Treaty mandate of price stability as “. a year-onyear increase in the Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) for the euro area of below 2% [. ] to be maintained over the medium term. ” Among the rationales given for defining price stability as prevailing at some positive measured inflation rate is the possibility that the HICP as published incorporates measurement errors of one sort or another that may cause it to systematically overstate the true rate of inflation in the euro area. This paper reviews what currently is known about the scope of measurement error in the HICP. We conclude that given the vague conceptual framework of the HICP, the scant research on price measurement issues in the EU and the ongoing improvements in the HICP, there is very little scientific basis at this time for a point (or even an interval) estimate of a positive bias in the HICP.
The use of interactive game technology to improve the physical health of the elderly: a serious game approach to reduce the risk of falling in older people

The elderly population is growing dramatically both in Australia and globally. With age, the human body undergoes a series of changes that can lead to decline in mental and physical health. Decline in motor functions increases the risk of developing health problems such as postural instability, balance disorders or simply having a fall. Falling is the main cause of disability and fatality among the elderly. Statistics show that one in three older adults might experience a fall every year. This could be prevented with regular exercise. Exercises with a walking component have proven to reduce falls by 40%. However, compliance with physical activity is often poor due to the mode of delivery, which is often unattractive. One approach that might help alleviate this is the use of commercial video games to engage the elderly in physical exercise. However, this practice may have undesirable results as such games are not designed to provide therapeutic support for the elderly but instead to entertain a much younger audience. This thesis aims to solve the above problem through the use of interactive game technology by testing that optimal results for the health of the elderly come from the combination of three elements: • the integration of a formal method to assess progress towards and the achievement of the desired health outcomes, • inclusion of meaningful tasks aligned with the speci c health objectives • an appropriate game design through the use of user-centred design methodologies. Firstly, literature in the area of video games with health purposes for the elderly is reviewed to develop a clear understanding of the health issues and the research opportunities in the area. Secondly, a series of game prototypes is built and tested to investigate whether o -the-shelf game technology can be used to reliably perform a clinical test for fall risk assessment. Then a game is developed that aims to reduce the risk of falling by training a set of speci c cognitive and physical functions that have been shown to be associated with falling. This prototype, known as the StepKinnection game, integrates the concept of an appropriate game design for the elderly, inclusion of meaningful tasks and the collection of stepping performance data. Thirdly, a series
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1M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé), University of Rennes, Rennes F35000, France; 2Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education & Sports Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Medicine Physical and Functional Rehabilitation of the National Institute of Orthopedics “M.T. Kassab”, Tunis, Tunisia; 4Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; 5Cardio-Metabolic Research Group (CMRG), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 7Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia
BlockHammer: Improving Flash Reliability by Exploiting Process Variation Aware Proactive Failure Prediction

nand flash-based storage devices have gained a lot of popularity in recent years. Unfortunately, flash blocks suffer from limited endurance. For guaranteeing flash reliability, flash manufactures also prescribe a specified number of program and erase (P/E) cycles to define the endurance of flash blocks within the same chip. To extend the service lifetime of a flash-based device, existing works also assume that flash blocks have the same endurance and take P/E-based wear-leveling algorithms which evenly distribute P/E cycle across flash blocks in the controller. However, many studies indicate flash blocks exhibit a wide endurance difference due to the fabrication process. The endurance of flash blocks is limited by the weakest block. Thus, the traditional P/E-based block retirement mechanism makes flash blocks underutilized. To best excavate the endurance of all blocks and improve the reliability of flash devices, we present BlockHammer, a process variation aware proactive failure prediction scheme. BlockHammer takes process variation and blocks similarity into consideration, it consists of a block classifier and a block lifetime predictor. Using machine learning technology, we first establish a block classifier to classify flash blocks into different classes. Based on the classification results, we then establish the block lifetime prediction model for different classes. Flash blocks belonging to the same class are assigned the same model. To verify the effectiveness of BlockHammer, we collect block data from a real nand flash-based testing platform by emulating the true application scenario of nand flash. We compare the predicted value and the tested value, the experimental results show the proposed proactive failure scheme can achieve more than 92% accuracy for flash blocks. Therefore, the block failure point can be accurately predicted using BlockHammer in advance, which greatly enhance the reliability of nand flash.
Dimensões lineares da folha e seu uso na determinação do perfil vertical foliar de gladíolo

Gladiolus, an important cut flower, is a herbaceous plant that has sword-shaped leaves. The objectives of this study are to determinate an empirical model to estimate the area of gladiolus leaves from its linear dimensions and to apply this model to estimate the vertical profile of leaf area in different position on the plant. A field experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, with four gladiolus cultivars (Peter Pears, Rose Friendship, Jester and Amsterdam). A total of fifty leaves from each cultivar were collected and their width (C) and length (L) measured. Each leaves have then their area (AF) measured digitally. The relationship between area and dimensions of each leaf was fitted to a power model and the performance of the equations was evaluated by several statistics. Results indicates that the model AF = a. (C. L) is the best model to estimate leaf area in gladiolus, with a=0.664 for the four cultivars. Smaller leaves are ate the bottom and at the upper position and larger leaves are ate intermediate position on the plant.
Update on Pressure Injuries: A Review of the Literature

GENERAL PURPOSE To provide information about the latest evidence-based practice related to pressure injuries (PIs). TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to: 1. Identify risk factors and prevention strategies for PI. 2. Explain issues related to the treatment of PI. ABSTRACT The literature on pressure injuries continues to expand at a rapid rate, and keeping up to date with the current knowledge base is challenging. This summary describes six important new articles published in 2018 or 2019 about pressure injury pathophysiology, prevention, treatment, and epidemiology. For each article, a description of the results is provided, and then a comment about the significance of the results is offered. The new knowledge contained in this review should impact how clinicians incorporate the latest evidence-based practice for pressure injuries.
DNA barcoding of Canadian Ahnfeltiales (Rhodophyta) reveals a new species – Ahnfeltia borealis sp. nov.

Milstein D. and Saunders G.W. 2012. DNA barcoding of Canadian Ahnfeltiales (Rhodophyta) reveals a new species – Ahnfeltia borealis sp. nov. Phycologia 51: 247–259. DOI: 10.2216/11-40.1 The red algal genus Ahnfeltia has only two described species in Canada, Ahnfeltia fastigiata and Ahnfeltia plicata, occurring along the North Pacific and North Atlantic coasts, respectively. However, during an ongoing molecular-based floristic survey of Canadian marine algae using the mitochondrial 5′ end of the cytochrome c oxidase I gene as a screening tool, cryptic diversity was uncovered, indicating the presence of four genetic lineages. These genetic clusters were further characterized using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers and the variable domain V of the plastid large subunit (23S) ribosomal gene (universal plastid amplicon), as well as morphological and anatomical observations. Our data indicate the presence of a third species of Ahnfeltia, A. borealis sp. nov., which is typically subarctic in its distribution and intermediate in many key anatomical features between A. fastigiata and A. plicata.
Age-related loss of neural stem cell O-GlcNAc promotes a glial fate switch through STAT3 activation

Significance Depletion of the neural stem cell (NSC) pool is a major driver of age-related regenerative decline in the hippocampus. While increased quiescence is a major contributor to this decline, NSCs can also undergo terminal differentiation into astrocytes, thus restricting the stem cell pool. The mechanisms underlying this fate switch and their relation to age-related regenerative decline have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we report an age-related decline in NSC O-GlcNAcylation, coincident with reduced neurogenesis and increased gliogenesis. We identify loss of O-GlcNAcylation at STAT3 T717 in the hippocampus with age, and demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylation of this site is a critical determinant of NSC fate. Our work expands our understanding of how posttranslational modifications influence the aging brain. Increased neural stem cell (NSC) quiescence is a major determinant of age-related regenerative decline in the adult hippocampus. However, a coextensive model has been proposed in which division-coupled conversion of NSCs into differentiated astrocytes restrict the stem cell pool with age. Here we report that age-related loss of the posttranslational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), in NSCs promotes a glial fate switch. We detect an age-dependent decrease in NSC O-GlcNAc levels coincident with decreased neurogenesis and increased gliogenesis in the mature hippocampus. Mimicking an age-related loss of NSC O-GlcNAcylation in young mice reduces neurogenesis, increases astrocyte differentiation, and impairs associated cognitive function. Using RNA-sequencing of primary NSCs following decreased O-GlcNAcylation, we detected changes in the STAT3 signaling pathway indicative of glial differentiation. Moreover, using O-GlcNAc–specific mass spectrometry analysis of the aging hippocampus, together with an in vitro site-directed mutagenesis approach, we identify loss of STAT3 O-GlcNAc at Threonine 717 as a driver of astrocyte differentiation. Our data identify the posttranslational modification, O-GlcNAc, as a key molecular regulator of regenerative decline underlying an age-related NSC fate switch.
Spatial gradients of introgressed ancestry reveal cryptic connectivity patterns in a high gene flow marine fish

Assessing genetic connectivity among populations in high gene flow species is sometimes insufficient to evaluate demographic connectivity. Genetic differentiation quickly becomes zero as soon as a few dozen migrants are exchanged per generation. This provides little information to determine whether migration can ensure demographic coupling. The resulting difficulties in delineating conservation units for the management of commercially exploited marine fish species are well illustrated in the case of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Previous attempts to assess connectivity patterns in the northeast Atlantic have been hampered by a lack of spatial genetic structure. In contrast, mark‐recapture data suggested low migration rates between regional spawning areas. Here, we show how a spatial gradient of introgressed Mediterranean ancestry across the northeast Atlantic reflects cryptic patterns of genetic and demographic connectivity. Using a 1K SNP chip data set in 827 individuals sampled from Portugal to the North Sea, we found null overall genetic differentiation across the northeast Atlantic. We however detected a subtle latitudinal admixture gradient originating at the edge of the contact zone with the Mediterranean sea bass lineage. Two significant breaks in the ancestry gradient at the tip of Galicia and northern Brittany indicated barriers to effective dispersal between demographically distinct units. Moreover, a northward expansion signal in Irish and North Seas was revealed by the surfing of rare Mediterranean alleles at the edge of the species range. Our results show that introgressed ancestry gradients offer a powerful alternative to assess genetic and demographic connectivity when the neutral migration‐drift balance is not informative.
Exploring Supervised Learning of Hierarchical Event Embedding with Poincaré Embeddings

Understanding events expressed in text is important in many natural language understanding tasks such as dialogue systems, question answering, discourse understanding, and information extraction. Natural language sentences and events exhibit hierarchical structure [8, 1]. This hierarchy can be defined in terms of specificity. General events can be considered as parent events to the more specific events. For instance, the event “person eats food” can be considered as the parent event to “John ate an apple” (see Figure 1 for more examples). Capturing this kind of hierarchy is important in many applications such as causality recognition. For example, if we have the hierarchy for these events; “eat something”, “eat food”, and “eat apple”. It is enough to only know that eat something causes someone to be full. Previous work in event understanding [18, 23, 17, 9, 14, 5] use distributed representational of events in Euclidean space. In the recent work, it has been demonstrated that hyperbolic space is more suitable for learning representations for data which exhibit some kind of hierarchical structure such as nouns, social, semantic and complex networks [3, 15, 1, 12]. However, embedding events into non-Euclidean space has not yet been explored very well. Some previous work explored embedding words into other spaces to represent specificity of concepts [15]. Dhingra et al. [6] extend Nickel and Kiela’s 2017 [15] work to learn sentence encoder that can embed sentences into hyperbolic space by using an unsupervised Skip Thought-based objective [20]. However, the extrinsic evaluation, e.g. sentiment classification, results do not show significant improvement over Euclidean space-based encoder. In addition, they do not analyze the learned embeddings deeply. They try to learn hierarchical structure exhibited in the data implicitly. However, before going into fully unsupervised approaches, we believe that we should explore the properties of learned event embeddings with explicit supervision of hierarchical structure. Specifically we explore the following research questions: 1. Can hyperbolic embedding, proposed for nonFigure 1: Event hierarchy in-terms of specificity
Estimation in exponential family regression based on linked data contaminated by mismatch error

Identification of matching records in multiple files can be a challenging and error-prone task. Linkage error can considerably affect subsequent statistical analysis based on the resulting linked file. Several recent papers have studied post-linkage linear regression analysis with the response variable in one file and the covariates in a second file from the perspective of the "Broken Sample Problem" and "Permuted Data". In this paper, we present an extension of this line of research to exponential family response given the assumption of a small to moderate number of mismatches. A method based on observation-specific offsets to account for potential mismatches and $\ell_1$-penalization is proposed, and its statistical properties are discussed. We also present sufficient conditions for the recovery of the correct correspondence between covariates and responses if the regression parameter is known. The proposed approach is compared to established baselines, namely the methods by Lahiri-Larsen and Chambers, both theoretically and empirically based on synthetic and real data. The results indicate that substantial improvements over those methods can be achieved even if only limited information about the linkage process is available.
The Kiruna-type apatite-iron oxide system in central Sweden: geology and geochemical character

The only apatite-iron oxide ores in the classic Palaeoproterozoic Bergslagen ore province, central Sweden, occur semi-continuously between Grängesberg and Idkerberget. Together, they represent the largest concentration of iron ore in this part of the Fennoscandian shield. Their mineralogy, geochemistry, geometry and host rock relations all suggest that they belong to the Kiruna-type class of deposits. The apatite-iron oxide ores in Bergslagen are hosted by 1.9 Ga variably altered, metavolcanic to meta-subvolcanic rocks ranging from rhyolitic to andesitic in composition. The region has been affected by three episodes of deformation (D1-3) and regional, greenschist to amphibolite facies metamorphism during the c. 1.9-1.8 Ga Svecokarelian orogeny. The Grängesberg deposits occur as narrow, moderately SE-dipping lenses that are concordant to S0 surfaces in the host rocks. Magnetic anomaly data indicate that they extend to a depth of at least 1.7 km. The lens geometry is mainly controlled by deformation during D2. Reverse, oblique, top-to-the NNW shear is evident in the footwall, and strain partitioning due to competence contrasts between the ore and altered host rocks resulted in flattening at competent ore lens crests, leading to asymmetrical folds with opposite vergence towards pinch areas where prolate strain prevailed. D1 is evident as a crenulated cleavage and D3 appears as gentle, large-scale open folds. Geochemical data on host rocks show a systematic enrichment in REE from the least to the most altered rocks. The ore-associated alteration assemblages and the apatite-iron oxide ore feature similar and elevated REE concentrations and profiles, suggesting a link between hydrothermal alteration and oxide ore formation. However, most ore magnetite has δ18O values between +0.3 and +3.4 h (ranging from -0.4 to +4.9 h, consistent with fractionation of oxygen between magnetite and a felsic to intermediate magma at high temperatures (Jonsson et al. 2011). These values partly overlap with published data from the Kiruna ores, as well as with young Chilean deposits of a comparable type (Nyström et al. 2008). The lighter values can be explained by either (or a combination of both) later oxidation of the ores and a hydrothermal process of formation. A majority of moderately altered host rock δ18O (+5 to +10 h (V-SMOW)), plot within the normal spectrum of igneous rocks. Based on isotope systematics, geochemistry and geological observations, we conclude that formation of these ores included a hydrothermal component, most likely directly related to an orthomagmatic process.
The ortho Side of PCBs: Occurrence and Disposition

Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. PCBs: Production and Properties. 2. The Individual Chlorobiphenyls. 3. Interpretation of Analytical Data. 4. Atmospheric Transport. 5. The Hydrosphere and Lithosphere. 6. Metabolism and Metabolites. 7. Disposition and Toxicokinetics. 8. Food Chain Profiles. References. Appendices: 1. Nomenclature of Polychlorinated Biphenyls. 2. PCB Congener Weight % in Aroclors of 5 Types. 3. Some Properties of Chlorobiphenyls. 4. Estimation of PCB Congener Production Ratios. 5. Comparison of Human Residues Reported by Sample Authors without Standards available. 6. Airborne PCBs. 7. Percent Congener Composition of PCBs in Various Plants. 8. Dispersion in Air. 9. Sediments and Water. 10. PCB Residues in Fish from the Great Lakes. 11. 'Average' Fish Residue Profiles. 12. Average Human Milk. 13. Frequencies of Congener Occurrence in Breast Milk Surveys. 14. Abbreviations. Index.
Dengue mosquito larvae identification using digital images

Dengue is one of the highest spreading mosquito-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. This disease is mainly spread by the mosquito vector called ‘Aedes’. In Sri Lanka, the number of infected patients reported is increasing, and it has become a public health problem. Health Inspectors are using different methods to reduce the spread of this viral disease and one of the main methods used is the fumigation by identifying the Aedes Larvae breeding locations. Currently, this identification is done manually by the specialized health inspectors and it is totally observer-biased and consumes a considerable amount of time, which could lead to false decision making and inefficient identification. The purpose of this research is to build an automated computational model to identify Aedes Larvae in real-time with more accuracy and convenience. Even though there are good results in previous researches done in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) on Aedes Larvae identification, the method of capturing Larvae Images is a bit complicated since they have used a Microscope lens of amplification capacity 60-100 times to get the magnified images. In this research, we propose the method of identifying Aedes mosquito larvae with a digital amplification of 8-12 times without using any microscope lenses attached, using ResNet50 CNN. The proposed model will identity the mosquito larvae by their genus ‘Aedes’ or ‘non- Aedes’ using a digital photo taken by a smartphone or camera in the upside of the larvae body. Hence it would help Health Inspectors, even the general public on identifying Aedes Larvae more efficiently, accurately and conveniently than the traditional method. This study shows that the trained model can identify images of Aedes and Non-Aedes Larvae separately with an accuracy of 86.65%. Furthermore, with using pre-processing techniques, the accuracy level can be enhanced to 98.76% for magnified images.