Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on the Measurement of Patent-intensive Industry Technology Lock-in from the Perspective of TML

As the core industry of technological innovation capabilities, patent-intensive industries, cultivating their rapid development is conducive to breaking the "technological lock-in" and realizing my country's independent innovation in the core technology field. Based on the INNOJOY patent database, the wireless communication network patent was selected as the research object, and the subjective and objective weighting method and the growth rate cycle index synthesis method were used to measure the technical lock-in from the perspective of TML. The study found： (1) The technology lock-in index of the United States, Japan, and South Korea generally shows an upward trend, while the technology lock-in index of China has a trend of declining volatility, and the United States has the highest degree of lock-in in the field of wireless communication network technology, ranking first. Japan is in the second position, South Korea is in the third position, and China is in the fourth position; (2) The six core technologies identified belong to American companies. The public years are concentrated in 2017 and 2019, and the technical field is concentrated in H04W72/04 ( The same data transmission method and user equipment), H04W72/08 (signaling for proximity service and D2D discovery in LTE networks), and H04L1/00 (method to support channel allocation information for uplink and downlink channels) And device) these three core patents show that the current three core technologies are cutting-edge technologies in the field of wireless communication networks. The formation mechanism of technology lock-in was clarified, and measurement research was carried out to provide a theoretical basis and analysis method for cracking my country's "technology lock-in", and then to achieve the goal of "patent power. "
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Its Driving Factors Under Different Land-Use Patterns in Semiarid Grasslands of the Loess Plateau, China

Fencing for grazing exclusion and grazing are common land-use methods in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau in China, which have been widely found to change grassland soil organic carbon (SOC); however empirical studies that evaluated driving factors of soil carbon (C) stocks under the different land use are still weak. In this study, we investigated soil physicochemical and soil respiration (Rs) in the fenced and grazed grassland, to study the soil C stock variations and the main driving mechanism of soil C accumulation. The results showed that bulk density (BD), soil moisture content (SMC), and soil porosity (SP) had no significant difference between fenced and grazed grassland. Fencing increased the SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio, and significantly increased the aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and the amount of soil large macro-aggregates in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm), and the soil stability was improved. Meanwhile, grazing increased soil temperature (ST) and Rs. The soil C stock in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm) of fenced grassland was significantly higher than that of grazed grassland. The soil C/N ratio, BD, and MWD explained large proportions of the variations in soil C stocks. Our results indicate that fencing can improve the stability of soil structure, and reduce Rs, then increase soil C stocks, which is an effective way to improve soil C stocks of grassland ecological in semi-arid areas of northwest China.
Assessing Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences in Distance Education — A Case Study of LAUTECH Open and Distance Learning Centre (LODLC)

Open and Distance Education (ODE) has proven to be a viable alternative for teaching and learning with more inherent benefits compared to the traditional model of education. This mode of teaching and learning aimed at eradicating the challenges of the face-to-face mode of learning such as distance, age, work schedules, limited access and other factors that have made the face-to-face mode of learning rigid. ODE flexibility is evidenced in the ability of learners to learn ubiquitously at their own pace, anywhere, anytime using smartphones, laptops and desktop computers. As ODE grows and expands, the need to review its conceptual foundations, approaches and also to receive feedback from learners, employers and other stakeholders are becoming more imperative. This study employed an investigative approach via the use of online survey forms to elicit pertinent information regarding the learners’ perceptions and experiences at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Open and Distance Learning Centre (LODLC). A total number of 2362 LODLC students participated in the online survey out of a total learners’ population of about 5,000. 54% of the respondents confirmed the adequacy of the LMS and the course material modules with more than 60% being able to easily access and download course materials from the LMS, 57% of the respondents rated the e-tutors to be effective knowledge facilitators while 60% believed the e-tutors stimulated learners’ interest by providing satisfactory answers to questions asked. This information amongst others will help administrators and management of LODLC programmes to make informed decisions about the conduct of the centres’ activities and adjust accordingly where necessary to improve service delivery.
The Relationship Between Stress Status and Cognitive Flexibility Levels of Nursing Students

Amaç: Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin stres durumları ile bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde gerçekleştirilen araştırmanın evrenini, İstanbul’da bir hemşirelik fakültesinde 2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılında öğrenim gören toplam 1.213 öğrenci; örneklemini ise; evrendeki eleman sayısı bilinen formülle tabakalı olarak hesaplanan toplam 292 hemşirelik öğrencisi oluşturdu. Veri toplama aracı olarak; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği (ASÖ) ve Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği (BEÖ) kullanıldı. Elde edilen veriler, bilgisayarda uygun istatistiksel yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin yaş ortalamasının 20,30±1,54 yıl, %82,5’inin kadın, %99,3’ünün bekar, %89,4’ünün herhangi bir işte çalışmadığı saptandı. Öğrencilerin; Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puan ortalamasının 27,53±7,00, Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği puan ortalamasının ise 39,43±2,83 olduğu belirlendi. Algılanan Stres Ölçeği ile Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği puanları arasında negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptandı (p<0,05). Kadınların, Algılanan Stres Ölçeği puan ortalaması, erkeklerden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin stres ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu görülmektedir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde stres ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler söz konusudur. Öğrencilerin algılanan stresleri arttıkça bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri azalmaktadır. Hem akademik hem de sosyal yaşamda stresli durumlarda bilişsel esneklik düzeylerine yönelik farkındalık oluşturulmalı ve stres ile baş etmeye yönelik sağlık davranışları kazandırılmalıdır.
Recognition and Visualization of Lithography Defects based on Transfer Learning

: Yield control in the integrated circuit manufacturing process is very important, and defects are one of the main factors affecting chip yield. As the process control becomes more and more critical and the critical dimension becomes smaller and smaller, the identification and location of defects is particularly important. This paper uses a machine learning algorithm based on transfer learning and two fine-tuned neural network models to realize the autonomous recognition and classification of defects even the data set is small, which achieves 94.6% and 91.7% classification accuracy. The influence of network complexity on classification result is studied at the same time. This paper also establishes a visual display algorithm of defects, shows the process of extracting the deep-level features of the defective image by the network, and then analyze the defect features. Finally, the Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping technology is used to generate defect heat maps, which locate the defect positions and probability intensity effects. This paper greatly expands the application of transfer learning in the field of integrated circuit lithography defect recognition, and greatly improves the friendliness of defect display.
A study of biped balance control using proportional feedback of ground reaction forces

The ground reaction force is informative for maintaining a biped balance with respect to unknown external forces. From this point of view, we proposed a new control method for static balancing that containing the integral feedback of the ground reaction forces in our previous papers. As the result, the adaptive posture changes are achieved for constant external forces. However, the convergence to the equilibrium posture is not so good because of the integral property of this control method. To improve this problem, the direct, i.e., proportional feedback of ground reaction forces is introduced in this paper. Using the linearization and the transformation to the discrete system, the stability as well as the speed of the convergence is evaluated. The analysis using the root locus method is effectively used to obtain the range of proportional feedback gain of the ground reaction forces for the given parameters of a model. Finally, numerical analyses reveal that the proportional feedback of ground reaction forces slightly improve the speed of the convergence. In conclusion, it is difficult to say that the drastic improvement of the convergence is expected by the proportional feedback of ground reaction forces
As plain as spilt salt: the city as social structure in The Dispossessed

ABSTRACT Set against the soaring skyscrapers of much canonical urban science fiction (sf), the single storey structures of Abbenay in Ursula Le Guin’s The Dispossessed might be easily overlooked. But, as this paper argues, the sparse description of this city ‘as plain as spilt salt’ offers a rich and complex vision of architectural possibility. This paper dwells within this moment of description, drawing on personal association alongside architectural and literary theory to consider how this image of a city might cast strange new light on embedded aspects of architectural practice. It explores how the sustained consideration of the built spaces of feminist sf can provide designers with an empathetic appreciation of how the built environment reflects and informs social relations. Salt is modest, Salt is domestic, Salt is refined, Salt is anything but plain, To spill salt is to act.
Enhancement in reliability‐constrained unit commitment considering state‐transition‐process and uncertain resources

The high penetration of uncertain resources challenges the security of power system operation. By taking the impact of rescheduling under contingencies into consideration, reliability-constrained unit commitment (RCUC) is developed to address this challenge. Although several efforts have been made in modelling reliability constraints, the existing methods can only manage oversimpliﬁed low-order temporal-independent contingencies without considering wide-range contingencies or their state-transition-process issue. To quantify the impact of rescheduling on the normal-state scheduling process denoted by UC problem, this paper builds up a Bayesian inference method for encoding reliability constraints in wide-range temporal-dependent contingencies. Three predictors, for example, expected-generator-rescheduling-power, expected-energy-not-serviced and lost-of-load-probability, are selected to describe the possible corrective behaviours in rescheduling process and quantiﬁed by using Bayesian inference method. Then, these predictors are reformatted as a set of linearized constraints to be incorporated into UC. The proposed RCUC comprehensively considers the effect of rescheduling in wide-range temporal-dependent contingencies. Therefore, it can reveal the
Dipole Antenna With Both Odd and Even Modes Excited and Tuned

Dipole antenna is the simplest type of antenna from the theoretical point of view. However, the majority of the research on it focuses on adding supplementary structures to produce more resonant modes to achieve more functions. Here, we focus on the inherent modes of the dipole itself. Dipole antenna has alternating odd and even modes. In classical antenna theory, only odd modes are excited. The even modes are difficult to be excited due to their very high input impedances. In this article, both odd and even modes of the dipole antenna are excited simultaneously by a single port with a novel feeding structure. Moreover, to tune the resonant frequencies of such multiple modes, a method by combining antithetical structures of indentations and outdentations is proposed. Its principle is explained intuitively by eigencurrent distribution. By these new techniques, all the first six modes of a dipole are excited, among which five modes are used for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The antenna can cover industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands of 868 and 2450 MHz, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) band of 1575 MHz, and 5G bands of 3500 and 4900 MHz. This research could broaden the application of this classic antenna.
Cancer Caregiver Quality of Life: Meta-Analysis

People living with cancer benefit greatly from informal caregivers. There has never been a previous meta-analysis on the quality of life of cancer caregivers or the efficacy of caregiver intervention programmes. The goal of this meta-analysis was to look at the quality of life of cancer caregivers and the impact of various initiatives aimed at improving it. From January 2006 to April 2021, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, PubMed Central, Clinical Key, Google Scholar and Cochrane database. The effect of caregiver interventional programs on quality of life was evaluated using a mean difference between experimental and control groups. A random-effect model was used to measure the risk ratio (RR) for calculating the quality of life of cancer caregivers. The final report comprised eight trials with a total of 1142 participants. The caregiver intervention programme was found to improve the quality of life of cancer caregivers, but not statistically significantly (mean difference=0.10; p<0.00001). A caregiver interventional program had a positive effect on the quality of life of cancer caregivers, according to this meta-analysis. To prove that caregiver interventional programs are successful strategies for improving the quality of life of cancer caregivers, further randomised controlled trials are required.
High Expression of ELFN1 Associates With Poor Prognosis And Immune Cells Infiltration In Colon Adenocarcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis

Background The human ELFN1 encodes a functional protein belonging to leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family neuronal adhesion proteins. However, there remains a lack of research on ELNF1 in tumors, especially in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). The paper aimed to explore ELFN1 expression and its potential biological function in COAD through bioinformatics analysis. Results ELFN1 expression was significantly upregulated in COAD tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (P＜0.01). The high ELFN1 mRNA expression level in tumor samples was also verified in GSE39582 and GSE146009 cohorts from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) website (P＜0.01). Besides, high ELFN1 expression was positively correlated with advanced tumor stage (I vs. IV, II vs. IV), perineural invasion，and vascular invasion (P＜0.05). Moreover, high ELFN1 expression was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (P＜0.05), which was also verified in GSE17536 and GSE29621 datasets (P＜0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggested ELFN1 was an independent prognostic predictor in COAD (P＜0.01). Furthermore, the high infiltration levels of M0 Macrophages and Regulatory T cells（Tregs）were found in the high ELFN1 expression COAD tissues, while the infiltration levels of activated CD4 memory T cells, resting or activated Dendritic cells were low in that samples (P＜0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that ELFN1 expression had a positive correlation with the infiltrating levels of Tregs and M0 Macrophages, but inversely correlated with that of activated Dendritic cells and both resting and activated CD4 memory T cells in COAD (P＜0.05). Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) exhibited that ELFN1 was enriched in many immunological and cancer-related signaling pathways, like Hedgehog, ECM receptor interaction, focal adhesion, Notch, and MAPK signaling pathways.Conclusions ELFN1 is overexpressed in COAD and which is correlated with worse clinical outcomes. Higher expression of ELFN1 could influence tumor immune cells infiltrating in COAD. ELFN1 could promote progression of COAD through several immunological and cancer-related signaling pathways. ELFN1 may be a new prognostic predictor and a latent therapeutic target for COAD.
Box–Behnken Design for Optimizing the Synthesis Condition and Adsorption Capability of Covalently Crosslinked Chitosan/coal Fly Ash Composite

The growing concern regarding the environmental protection has encouraged researchers to focus their efforts on developing better and more effective possibilities of removing pollutants. In this research, a biocomposite adsorbent of covalently crosslinked chitosan-epichlorohydrin/coal fly ash (CHT-ECH/CFA) was synthesized and applied for reactive red 120 dye (RR120) removal. The CHT-ECH/CFA was characterized by BET, pH potentiometric, pHpzc, XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDX. Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to assess the effects of the adsorption key parameters such as CFA loading into CTH-ECH matrix, adsorbent dose, solution pH, working temperature and contact time. The optimized CFA loading, adsorbent dose, temperature, time, and pH were observed to be 50 %, 0.07 g, 45 °C, 60 min, and pH 4 respectively. From BBD, the highest removal of RR120 removal at optimum conditions was found to be 90.2%. The results showed that adsorption performance can be modelled perfectly by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models with maximum adsorption capacity of 237.7 mg/g at 45 °C. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics were well fitted to the pseudo-second order model. Based on the findings from the experiments conducted, the hybrid biocomposite adsorbent offers adequate potential for the treatment of anionic dye-polluted water.
Natural Product Isoliquiritigenin Activates GABAB Receptors to Decrease Voltage-Gate Ca2+ Channels and Glutamate Release in Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals

Reduction in glutamate release is a key mechanism for neuroprotection and we investigated the effect of isoliquiritigenin (ISL), an active ingredient of Glycyrrhiza with neuroprotective activities, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). ISL produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of glutamate release and reduced the intraterminal [Ca2+] increase. The inhibition of glutamate release by ISL was prevented after removing extracellular Ca2+ or blocking P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. This inhibition was mediated through the γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors because ISL was unable to inhibit glutamate release in the presence of baclofen (an GABAB agonist) or CGP3548 (an GABAB antagonist) and docking data revealed that ISL interacted with GABAB receptors. Furthermore, the ISL inhibition of glutamate release was abolished through the inhibition of Gi/o-mediated responses or Gβγ subunits, but not by 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate or adenylate cyclase inhibition. The ISL inhibition of glutamate release was also abolished through the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC), and ISL decreased the phosphorylation of PKC. Thus, we inferred that ISL, through GABAB receptor activation and Gβγ-coupled inhibition of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, suppressed the PKC phosphorylation to cause a decrease in evoked glutamate release at rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals.
Comparisons on Different Innovative Cascode GaN HEMT E-Mode Power Modules and Their Efficiencies on the Flyback Converter

The conventional cascode structure for driving depletion-mode (D-mode) gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) raises reliability concerns. This is because of the possibility of the gate to source voltage of the GaN HEMT surging to a negative voltage during the turn off transition. The existing solutions for this problem in the literature produce additional drawbacks such as reducing the switching frequency or introducing many additional components. These drawbacks may outweigh the advantages of using a GaN HEMT over its silicon (Si) alternative. This paper proposes two innovative gate drive circuits for D-mode GaN HEMTs—namely the GaN-switching based cascode GaN HEMT and the modified GaN-switching based cascode GaN HEMT. In these schemes, the Si MOSFET in series with the D-mode GaN HEMT is always turned on during regular operation. The GaN HEMT is then switched on and off by using a charge pump based circuit and a conventional gate driver. Since the GaN HEMT is driven independently, the highly negative gate-to-source voltage surge during turn off is avoided, and in addition, high switching frequency operation is made possible. Only two diodes and one capacitor are used in each of the schemes. The application of the proposed circuits is experimentally demonstrated in a high voltage flyback converter, where more than 96% efficiency is obtained for 60 W output load.
Forecasting Daily Electricity Price by Hybrid Model of Fractional Wavelet Transform, Feature Selection, Support Vector Machine and Optimization Algorithm

This paper proposes a novel hybrid forecasting model with three main parts to accurately forecast daily electricity prices. In the first part, where data are divided into high- and low-frequency data using the fractional wavelet transform, the best data with the highest relevancy are selected, using a feature selection algorithm. The second part is based on a nonlinear support vector network and auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method for better training the previous values of electricity prices. The third part optimally adjusts the proposed support vector machine parameters with an error-base objective function, using the improved grey wolf and particle swarm optimization. The proposed method is applied to forecast electricity markets, and the results obtained are analyzed with the help of the criteria based on the forecast errors. The results demonstrate the high accuracy in the MAPE index of forecasting the electricity price, which is about 91% as compared to other forecasting methods.