Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide screens identify Toxoplasma gondii determinants of parasite fitness in IFN-activated murine macrophages

Macrophages play an essential role in the early immune response against Toxoplasma and are the cell type preferentially infected by the parasite in vivo. Interferon gamma (IFN γ ) elicits a variety of anti- Toxoplasma activities in macrophages. Using a genome-wide CRISPR screen we identify 353 Toxoplasma genes that determine parasite ﬁ tness in na ї ve or IFN γ -activated murine macrophages, seven of which are further con ﬁ rmed. We show that one of these genes encodes dense granule protein GRA45, which has a chaperone-like domain, is critical for correct localization of GRAs into the PVM and secretion of GRA effectors into the host cytoplasm. Parasites lacking GRA45 are more susceptible to IFN γ -mediated growth inhibition and have reduced virulence in mice. Together, we identify and characterize an important chaperone-like GRA in Toxoplasma and provide a resource for the community to further explore the function of Toxoplasma genes that determine ﬁ tness in IFN γ -activated macrophages. ormaldehyde (PFA) for 20min followed by permeabilization/blocking with PBS containing 3% (w/v) BSA, 5% (v/v) goat serum and 0.1% Triton X-100. Co- localization of GRA45 was detected by anti-HA antibodies along with antibodies against ROP2/3/4, GRA1, GRA2, GRA5, GRA7, or SAG1. To determine the localization of intracellular GRA45, HFFs grown on glass coverslips were infected with RH Δ ku80 Δ hxgprt::GRA45-3xHA parasites for 24 h, ﬁ xed with 4% PFA for 20 min, permeabilized/blocked with PBS containing 3% (w/v) BSA, 5% (v/v) goat serum and 0.1% Triton X-100 (or 0.2% Saponin), followed by incubated with antibodies against the HA epitope tag together with antibodies against ROP2/3/4, GRA1, GRA2, GRA5, GRA7, or SAG1 at 4°C overnight. To check the PVM localization of GRA5 or GRA7, HFFs grown on glass coverslips were infected with wild-type, Δ gra45 or Δ gra45 + GRA45HA strains in the RH-Luc + / Δ hxgprt back- ground for 24 h followed by ﬁ xation with 4% PFA, permeabilization with 0.2% Saponin and blocking with PBS containing 3% (w/v) BSA, 5% (v/v) goat serum and 0.1% Saponin. The coverslips were incubated with antibodies against GRA5 or GRA7 for 1 h at room temperature. MAF1 localization was observed in the HFFs infected wild-type, Δ gra45 parasites or Δ gra45 parasites complemented with wild-type or mutant versions of GRA45 . At 4 or 24 h post-infection, the cells were ﬁ xed with 4% PFA, permeabilized/blocked with PBS containing 3% (w/v) BSA, 5% (v/v) goat serum and 0.1% Triton localization either DIC compare the localization of in the at identical times for each quantify localization p.i. , con- taining four or more observed. To quantify the localization of containing two or more To quantify the intensity of and GRA24 in host nucleus, at 30 cells PV with or
Detection of Spiroplasma citri from citrus trees in Turkey by molecular techniques

Spiroplasma citri is the causal agent of Citrus Stubborn Disease (CSD) on cultivated citrus in the arid and semi-arid climate. Detection and characterization of this agent at the early stage of infection in citrus orchard and young citrus saplings in the nursery is of utmost importance to prevent the introduction and spread of the disease in Spiroplasma citri free areas. The current study was conducted in order to investigate the possible existence of different Spiroplasma citri strains in Turkey. Leaf and fruit samples were collected from ten years old citrus trees showing mostly short internodes, upright and mottled leaves, off-season blossoming and typical small and acorn-shaped fruits symptoms associated with citrus stubborn diseases in different villages of Kozan town of Adana province in Turkey. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using Spiralin-f/r, P89-r/f and P58-6f/4r primer couples for the detection and characterization of the Turkish isolates. No positive sample was detected with the primers Spiralin-f/r. On the contrary, all samples reacted positively to the P89-r/f and P58-6f/4r primer couples. The obtained amplicon from the P89-r/f primers pair was sequenced and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. Phylogenetic tree showed that the Turkish Spiroplasma citri isolates are closely related to the Mexican, Spanish, Algerian, and Italian than those isolated from Morocco, Egypt and USA.
Cytochrome P450-Epoxygenated Fatty Acids Inhibit Müller Glial In�ammation

Müller cell (MC) in�ammation is an early pathogenic step in the vision-threatening disease diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recent evidence indicates that diabetes-induced free fatty acid (FFA) dysregulation can elicit the release of in�ammatory cytokines from MC, promoting DR progression. Palmitic acid (PA) is elevated in the sera of diabetics and stimulates the production of the DR-relevant cytokines by MC, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). IL-1β is elevated in DR and is purported to be a “master regulator” of cytokine-induced in�ammation. IL-1β activates MC to produce itself (IL-1β auto-ampli�cation) and other in�ammatory cytokines in the retina. Consequently, a modality that blocks both FFA- and IL-1β-induced MC in�ammation has therapeutic potential in DR. The CYP-derived epoxygenated fatty acids, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) and epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (EDP), offer one such therapeutic strategy. In this study we propose that experimental elevation of EET and EDP will reduce PA- and IL-1β-induced MC in�ammation. real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. PBMC: peripheral blood monocyte.
TRAFFIC ANOMALY DETECTION FOR SURFACE STREET NETWORKS WITH THE MESH-WISED TRAFFIC INDICES ON MACROSCOPIC FUNDAMENTAL DIAGRAM

This paper describes the incident detection method for the surface street network based on the meshwised traffic indices which is called Traffic Scope. The Traffic Scope has been proposed for the visual comprehension of regional traffic situations in terms of the fluidity and the singularity of traffic conditions based on Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram. Through the dozens of case studies with real floating car data in Tokyo, we have so far found the singularity index has high sensitivity to the incident occurrence which will affect the traffic condition on surface street network. As an incident becomes serious, the area size affected by the incident will be larger. This implies us we may estimate the seriousness of the incident by counting the meshes which have higher singularities. In this paper, let us first introduce the concept of the Traffic Scope followed by the investigation on incident detection in Tokyo area.
The effect of audit tenure, audit rotation, accounting firm size, and client’s company size on audit quality

This study aimed to examine the effect of audit tenure, audit rotation, public accounting firm size, and client’s company size on audit quality. Audit quality in this study is peroxided by earnings quality which is measured by the level of discretionary accruals of modified jones model, while audit tenure is measured by counting the year in which the same auditors have made work engagement with the auditee. Audit rotation and public accounting firm size are measured by using dummy variable, while client’s company size is measured by using the growth of total assets. The population in this study consists of public companies, especially the telecommunications and retail sectors service companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2017. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling method. The total of the sample is 30 companies. After data observation, there are 73 samples included as outlier and should be excluded from samples of observation. So, the final data used are 107 data. Multiple linear regressions analysis is used as analysis technique. The empirical results of this study show that audit tenure and public accounting firm size have no effect on audit quality; audit rotation has negative and significant effect on audit quality; and client’s company size has positive and significant effecton audit quality.
El secreto mejor guardado: la sexualidad de las mujeres mayores The Best Kept Secret: Sexuality in Older Women

This article focuses on women’s sexuality during the ageing process. It reviews the main epistemological tendencies which claim to explain the features of sexuality in old age as well as any changes throughout the life cycle. It examines the system of beliefs that define the understanding of older women’s sexuality in sociocultural terms. Through the account of any positive and negative aspects which may appear in the experience of their sexuality, the article analices any difficulties relating to desire, as well as the features of medicalization of health and women’s bodies. The combination of personal, social and cultural elements ‐in a longlived society where older women mainly live on their own‐ requires a redefinition of the understanding of older women’s sexuality in terms of a multifactorial experience wherein the fact of having a partner or not will determine their sexual practices. There is also need to deconstruct the elements which until now have shaped the idea of sexuality.
Ultrastructure of the spermatid of Caprimulgus europaeus Linnaeus 1758, the European nightjar (Aves; Caprimulgidae), with phylogenetic implications

The sperm of Caprimulgus europaeus is typical of other nonpasserines in many respects. Features shared with Paleognathae and Galloanserae are the conical acrosome, shorter than the nucleus; the presence of a perforatorium and endonuclear canal; the presence of a proximal as well as distal centriole; the elongate midpiece with mitochondria grouped around a central axis (here maximally six mitochondria in ∼10 tiers); and the presence of a fibrous or amorphous sheath around the principal piece of the axoneme. A major (apomorphic) difference from paleognaths and galloanserans is the short distal centriole, the midpiece being penetrated for most of its length by the axoneme and for only a very short proximal portion by the centriole. Nonpasserines differ from paleognaths in that the latter have a transversely ribbed fibrous sheath, whereas in nonpasserines it is amorphous, as in Caprimulgus, or absent. The absence of an annulus is an apomorphic feature of Caprimulgus, apodiform, psittaciform, gruiform, and passerine sperm, homoplastic in at least some of these. In contrast to passerines, in Caprimulgus the cytoplasmic microtubules in the spermatid are restricted to a transient longitudinal manchette. The structure of the spermatid and spermatozoon is consistent with placement of the Caprimulgidae near the Psittacidae, but is less supportive of close proximity to the Apodidae, from DNA–DNA hybridization and some other analyses. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Flabellate Overlay Network for Multi-attribute Search

Available online xxxx Keywords: Peer-to-peer network Multi-attribute search Range query Virtual replica network File replication a b s t r a c t Peer-to-peer (P2P) technology provides a popular way of distributing resources, sharing, and locating in a large-scale distributed environment. However, most of the current existing P2P systems only support queries over a single resource attribute, such as file name. The current multiple resource attribute search methods often encounter high maintenance cost and lack of resilience to the highly dynamic environment of P2P networks. In this paper, we propose a Flabellate overlAy Network (FAN), a scalable and structured underlying P2P overlay supporting resource queries over multi-dimensional attributes. In FAN, the resources are mapped into a multi-dimensional Cartesian space based on the consistent hash values of the resource attributes. The mapping space is divided into non-overlapping and continuous subspaces based on the peer's distance. This paper presents strategies for managing the extended adjacent subspaces, which is crucial to network maintenance and resource search in FAN. The algorithms of a basic resource search and range query over FAN are also presented in this paper. To alleviate the load of the hot nodes, a virtual replica network (VRN) consisting of the nodes with the same replicates is proposed for replicating popular resources adaptively. The queries can be forwarded from the heavily loaded nodes to the lightly loaded ones through VRN. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that FAN has a higher routing efficiency and lower network maintenance cost over the existing multi-attribute search methods. Also, VRN efficiently balances the network load and reduces the querying delay in FAN while invoking a relatively low overhead.
From channelization to restoration: Sociohydrologic modeling with changing community preferences in the Kissimmee River Basin, Florida

The Kissimmee River Basin (Florida, USA) underwent river channelization in the 1960s and subsequent restoration in the 1990s, revealing a shift in management emphasis from flood protection to wetland health. In this paper, this shift is hypothesized to result from changing human values and preferences, and a power differential between the more numerous and affluent upstream urban residents (who prioritize wetland restoration) and downstream rural residents (who prioritize flood protection). We develop a conceptual sociohydrologic model to simulate the interactions between community interests and hydrology. The modeling results show that flood intensity decreased after channelization, which reduced concern about flooding. However, channelization also led to a decrease in wetland storage, which caused an increase of wetland concern, especially among the urban residents. Eventually, the community sensitivity switched from favoring flood protection to favoring wetlands, and subsequent management strategies switched from channelization to restoration. Using the model, we project that the wetlands will be recovering for the next 20 years and community sensitivity will slowly go back to a neutral state. However, possible rainfall intensification in the future could return the community sensitivity to favoring flood protection again. The preferential increase of upstream population growth will raise the community's concern about wetlands and the preferential increase of downstream population growth will magnify concern about flooding. This study provides insight into the driving forces behind human‐water interactions in the Kissimmee River Basin while simultaneously demonstrating the potential of sociohydrologic modeling to describe complex human‐water coupled systems with simple concepts and equations.
Pore‐scale multiphase flow experiments in bead packs of variable wettability

The aim of this experimental study is to investigate the impact of wetting characteristics on multiphase flow, sweep efficiency, and residual fluid distribution in unconsolidated porous media. A sequence of oil and water injections was performed on bead packs with uniform porosity and permeability, but different wettability characteristics. Uniform and mixed-wet bead packs with varying degree of wettability were fabricated to analyze how the residual saturation profiles and the distribution of fluid phases at the pore scale respond to changes in wettability. X-ray microtomography was used to visualize and analyze the fluid distribution in each bead pack at the end of oil and brine injection. It was found that sweep efficiency was high for the uniform, strongly wetting glass bead pack. For the intermediate-wet plastic bead pack, we observed evidence of viscous fingering resulting in degenerating sweep efficiency after water injection. In media with mixed wetting surfaces, the spatial distribution of wettability influenced the topology of the saturation profiles and resulted in larger quantities of disconnected fluid blobs. Results also showed that the average blob size was independent of the average residual saturation. In addition, the difference in saturation conditions preceding each injection affected sweep efficiency. The residual saturation after the 1st displacement was higher than the residual saturation after the 2nd displacement.
Physical and biological oceanographic interaction in the spring bloom at the Bering Sea marginal ice edge zone

At the edge of the melting sea ice pack in the Bering Sea in spring, physical, biological, and chemical oceanographic processes combine to generate a short-lived, intense phytoplankton bloom that is associated with the retreating ice edge. The bloom begins a week or so before the first of May triggered by insolation and by the low-salinity meltwater stratification in the presence of high nitrate concentrations (∼ > 25 μM). Meltwater (salinity) stratification delineates ice edge blooms from open water blooms where temperature gradients generate the stratification. Five cross-ice sections of temperature, salinity, σt, chlorophyll, and nitrate are presented as a time series from April 27 to May 5 illustrating the bloom. Evidence of two separate but concurrent blooms in the ice edge zone are presented. In addition, meteorological and oceanographic conditions were observed that should have been conducive to ice edge up welling. While significant ice and water movement occurred, upwelling was not observed. Finally, the Bering Sea ice edge spring bloom is compared with other ice edge systems in both hemispheres, showing that initial Bering Sea nitrate concentrations are among the highest observed but quickly become limiting owing to the rapid build up of phytoplankton populations. This primary production is not coupled to the pelagic Zooplankton because Zooplankton are largely absent on account of the cold temperatures. Observed maximum chlorophyll concentrations in the bloom are several times greater than those observed in other systems.
RESONANCE OSCILLATIONS IN A HOT NONUNIFORM PLASMA

A quantitative theory of resonance oscillations, such as observed by Dattner and others, is given. The first two moments of the collisionless Boltzmann equation assuming a scalar pressure are used in conjunction with a physically reasonable radial electron density profile to describe the oscillations of a hot nonuniform plasma cylinder. These equations coupled with Maxwell's equations assuming a scalar potential are solved numerically to yield the frequency spectrum of the plasma wave resonances. It is found that the frequency spectrum depends on the parameter r/w2/ where rw is the radius of the plasma column and is the mean square Debye length of the electron plasma. New experimental observations of dipole and quadrupole spectra for two plasma columns of differing radii are reported and the results of these observations are in good agreement with the theory. The physical mechanism of the resonances is described.
The Great Climate Experiment How far can we push the planet

business, government or technology forecasts usually look five or 10 years out, 50 years at most. Among climate scientists, there is some talk of century’s end. In reality, carbon dioxide dumped into the atmosphere today will affect Earth hundreds of thousands of years hence. How will greenhouse gases change the far future? No one can say for sure exactly how Earth will respond, but climate scientists—using mathematical models built from knowledge of past climate systems, as well as the complex web of processes that impact climate and the laws of physics and chemistry—can make predictions about what Earth will look like. Already we are witnessing the future envisioned by many of these models take shape. As predicted, there has been more warming over land than over the oceans, more at the poles than near the equator, more in winter than in summer and more at night ECO LO GY The Great Climate Experiment
THELANGUAGE MUSESMSYSTEM: LINGUISTICALLY FOCUSED INSTRUCTIONAL AUTHORING

In the United States, English learners (EL) often do not have the academic language proficiency, literacy skills, cultural background, and content knowledge necessary to succeed in kindergarten through 12th grade classrooms. This leads to large achievement gaps. Also, classroom texts are often riddled with linguistically unfamiliar elements, including: unfamiliar vocabulary, idioms, complex phrases or sentences, morphologically complex words, and unfamiliar discourse relations. Lack of familiarity with linguistic elements may result in gaps in a learner's comprehension of key content. It is not feasible for teachers to develop additional curriculum for the needs of all ELs in a classroom (who often come from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.) However, it is feasible for teachers to develop instructional scaffolding (support) that helps ELs and can be used with all students. To develop effective scaffolding, teachers need to be able to reliably identify linguistic features in texts that could interfere with content comprehension. Language MuseSM is a web-based application designed to support teachers in the identification of linguistic features in texts and in the development of linguistically focused instructional scaffolding. With regard to system itself, we will discuss (a) the system's motivation, (b) the system's linguistic feedback and instructional authoring components, which are driven by natural language processing, and (c) the system's infrastructure for capturing teachers' system use. In addition, we will also discuss preliminary pilot study findings with three teacher professional development programs. These findings suggest that exposure to Language Muse's linguistic feedback can support teachers in the development of lesson plan scaffolds designed to address language learning needs.
Observed and Future Changes in the Temperature of the State of Jalisco, México Using Climdex and PRECIS

In the present study we analyzed the average and extreme temperatures observed and simulated by regional models in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Data of daily mean, minimum and maximum temperatures of 208 stations distributed all over the State during the period 1971-2000 have been used to study the observed changes in the values of average and extreme temperatures. In addition, an assessment of future scenarios for the average and extreme temperatures associated with the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) was performed using simulations of a PRECIS (Providing Regional Climate for Impact Studies) regional climate modeling to create the climate for present (1971-2000), and future projections for the years 2020, 2050 and 2080. Observational analysis of the 208 stations suggests warming through increased intensity and frequency of hot events, with a decrease in the frequency of cold events. More than 35% to 76% of the stations have a tendency to a decrease in the number of cold events and 39% to 64% of the stations show a growing trend in the hot events. The percentage of stations showing warming through the indices of intensity of the highest maximums, lowest minimum temperatures is 37% to 70% and 30% to 65% of the stations, respectively. Observational analysis for the State of Jalisco as a whole also shows similar results. Anomalies in the average and extreme temperatures per month during the data period show an increase (decrease) in the frequency of hot (cold) events for every month. In general, PRECIS simulations under both scenarios A1B and A2 indicate an increase in warm events and decrease of cold extreme events towards the end of the 21st century. Both show similar patterns, but the scenario A2 shows slightly lower magnitudes of projected changes. Temperatures are likely to increase all year, but it is expected that changes in summer will be more prominent.