Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rupture process of the 1946 Nankai earthquake estimated using seismic waveforms and geodetic data

The rupture process of the 1946 Nankai earthquake (MJMA 8.0) was estimated using seismic waveforms from teleseismic and strong motion stations together with geodetic data from leveling surveys and tide gauges. The results of joint inversion analysis showed that two areas with large slip are more confined than in previous studies. In our inversion, we assumed spatially varying strike and dip angles and depth of each subfault by fitting those to the actual complex shape of the upper surface of the Philippine Sea plate in the Nankai Trough region. As a result, we calculated the total seismic moment, M0 = 5.5 × 1021 Nm; the moment magnitude, Mw = 8.4; and a maximum slip of 5.1 m, occurring at a point south of Cape Muroto. The estimated slip distribution on the west side of the fault plane appears somewhat complicated, but it explains well the vertical deformations at Tosashimizu and in the vicinity of Inomisaki. Arguments have been made that the westernmost part slipped slowly after the earthquake over a period of days or months as an afterslip because the seismic waveforms can be largely explained without the slip in this part. However, in order to explain the displacement recorded by the tide gauge at Tosashimizu, we conclude that the westernmost part slipped simultaneously with the earthquake. Splay faulting, which was suggested in previous studies, is not required in our model to explain the seismic waveforms and geodetic data.
Combination treatment of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and sorafenib for hepatocellular carcinoma with macrovascular invasion

This study evaluated the therapeutic effects and toxic reactions of combining transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with sorafenib for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with macrovascular invasion (MVI). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 82 HCC patients with MVI, among whom 35 were treated with TACE plus IMRT alone, and 47 were treated with the combined therapy of TACE, IMRT, and sorafenib. The progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were assessed. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups (all P > .05). In the TACE plus IMRT plus sorafenib group, the median PFS was 17.2 months (95% confidence interval, 14.1–19.9), significantly longer than the 9.4 months (95% confidence interval, 6.8–11.2) observed in the TACE plus IMRT group (P < .001). Additionally, patients treated with the TACE plus IMRT plus sorafenib showed a longer median OS than those treated with TACE plus IMRT alone (24.1 vs 17.3 months; P < .001). The occurrence rates of grade 1 to 2 hand-foot syndrome, other skin reactions, diarrhea, and hair loss were higher in the TACE plus IMRT plus sorafenib group (all P < .05). There were no grade 4 or higher adverse events in either group. The combination of TACE plus IMRT with sorafenib provided substantial clinical benefits in the treatment of HCC patients with MVI, increasing the tumor response rate and prolonging both PFS and OS. This approach demonstrated a tolerable and manageable safety profile.
Interpreting Attenuation in Partially Saturated Sandstone Using Measurements of Local Fluid Pressure and Numerical Modeling of Fluid Flow in Poroelastic Media

Summary An inedited laboratory technique combined with 3D numerical modeling was used to investigate attenuation in a partially saturated Berea sandstone sample. The workflow consists in measuring both transient fluid pressure and attenuation in extensional mode at frequencies between 1 and 100 Hz. Measurements for large water saturation such as 97% show a significantly frequency-dependent attenuation at room pressure and temperature. Biot’s equations of consolidation are solved with the finiteelement method to verify that the observed frequencydependent attenuation is caused by wave-induced fluid flow on the mesoscopic scale. Both measurements of transient fluid pressure and attenuation could be reproduced by numerical results using a patchy saturated model having same total saturation as the laboratory rock sample. This demonstrated that the measured transient fluid pressure, resulting from fluid flow, was the cause for the fluid-related attenuation observed in the laboratory measurements. We conclude that wave-induced fluid flow on the mesoscopic scale is the dominant mechanism for seismic attenuation in partially saturated Berea sandstone at room pressure and temperature.
Correcting the record of volcanic stratospheric aerosol impact: Nabro and Sarychev Peak

Since 2010, several papers have been published that reveal a pattern of discrepancies between stratospheric aerosol data from the Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument and other measurements and model simulations of volcanic plumes from Kasatochi, Sarychev Peak, and Nabro volcanoes. OSIRIS measurements show two discrepancies, a posteruption lag in aerosol onset/increase and a low bias in maximum stratospheric aerosol optical depth. Assumed robustness of the OSIRIS data drove various conclusions, some controversial, such as the contention that the June 2011 Nabro plume was strictly tropospheric, and entered the stratosphere indirectly via the Asian monsoon. Those conclusions were driven by OSIRIS data and a Smithsonian Institution report of strictly tropospheric injection heights. We address the issue of Nabro's eruption chronology and injection height, and the reasons for the OSIRIS aerosol discrepancies. We lay out the time line of Nabro injection height with geostationary image data, and stratospheric plume evolution after eruption onset using retrievals of sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosol. The observations show that Nabro injected sulfur directly to or above the tropopause upon the initial eruption on 12/13 June and again on 16 June 2011. Next, OSIRIS data are examined for nonvolcanic and volcanically perturbed conditions. In nonvolcanic conditions OSIRIS profiles systematically terminate 1–4 km above the tropopause. Additionally, OSIRIS profiles terminate when 750 nm aerosol extinction exceeds ∼0.0025 km−1, a level that is commonly exceeded after volcanic injections. Our findings largely resolve the discrepancies in published works involving OSIRIS aerosol data and offer a correction to the Nabro injection‐height and eruption chronology.
Can a land surface model simulate runoff with the same accuracy as a hydrological model

The ability of the land surface model SWAP (Soil Water-Atmosphere-Plants) to reproduce runoff from the 12 MOPEX (Model Parameter Estimation Experiment) experimental river basins compared to the hydrological Sacramento model (SAC-SMA) was investigated. In previous investigations, the SAC-SMA model (calibrated with 16 model parameters using both manual and automatic calibration techniques) demonstrated much better performance than the SWAP model. In the present study, the behaviour of SWAP was, however, substantially improved by means of advanced model calibration. For the 12 MOPEX basins, the median values of model efficiency and bias for simulated daily streamflow during the calibration period (1960-1979) were found to be 70% and 2.6% respectively for the SAC-SMA model, and 68% and 0.9% respectively for the SWAP model, During the validation period (1980-1998), model efficiency and bias were 65% and 6.3% for SAC-SMA model, and 64% and 3.9% for the SWAP model. It was found that model performance depends greatly on the skill of calibration, and that the LSM SWAP under appropriate calibration can simulate runoff with accuracy comparable to that of the hydrological model.
A Comparison of Antarctic Ice Sheet Surface Mass Balance from Atmospheric Climate Models and In Situ Observations

AbstractIn this study, 3265 multiyear averaged in situ observations and 29 observational records at annual time scale are used to examine the performance of recent reanalysis and regional atmospheric climate model products [ERA-Interim, JRA-55, MERRA, the Polar version of MM5 (PMM5), RACMO2.1, and RACMO2.3] for their spatial and interannual variability of Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB), respectively. Simulated precipitation seasonality is also evaluated using three in situ observations and model intercomparison. All products qualitatively capture the macroscale spatial variability of observed SMB, but it is not possible to rank their relative performance because of the sparse observations at coastal regions with an elevation range from 200 to 1000 m. In terms of the absolute amount of observed snow accumulation in interior Antarctica, RACMO2.3 fits best, while the other models either underestimate (JRA-55, MERRA, ERA-Interim, and RACMO2.1) or overestimate (PMM5) the accumulation. Despite underestima.
The Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Warming Simulated by CMIP5 Models during the Twentieth Century: Competing Forcing Roles of GHGs and Anthropogenic Aerosols

AbstractThe Indian Ocean exhibits a robust basinwide sea surface temperature (SST) warming during the twentieth century that has affected the hydrological cycle, atmospheric circulation, and global climate change. The competing roles of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols (AAs) with regard to the Indian Ocean warming are investigated by using 17 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The increasing GHGs are considered to be one reason for the warming. Here model evidence is provided that the emission of AAs has slowed down the warming rate. With AAs, the warming trend has been slowed down by 0.34 K century−1. However, the cooling effect is weakened when only the direct aerosol effect is considered. GHGs and AAs have competed with each other in forming the basinwide warming pattern as well as the equatorial east–west dipole warming pattern. Both the basinwide warming effect of GHGs and the cooling effect of AAs, mainly through indirect aerosol effect, are e.
Shear wave travel time residuals from oceanic earthquakes and the evolution of oceanic lithosphere

Shear wave travel time residuals have been measured for 25 oceanic earthquakes, including normal faulting events on ridge crests and intraplate events. When the residuals are plotted against the age of the lithosphere in which the event occurred, they show a decrease of 6±1 s from ridge crest to oceanic lithosphere 100 m.y. old. This decrease is caused principally by an increase in shear velocity within the upper mantle as a function of lithospheric age. Study of depth phases from oceanic earthquakes indicates that all such events are shallower than 10 km below the sea floor, so focal depth variations are not an important contributor to the travel time residual versus age relationship. Modeling of seismic velocities in the upper mantle, using a standard thermal model for the spreading lithosphere and published phase diagrams for dry and wet gabbro-eclogite and peridotite, was conducted in an attempt to produce a residual curve similar to that observed. Comparison of the predicted and observed residuals indicates that the mantle cannot be dry but is unable to distinguish between the wet systems, principally because of the large number of assumptions involved in modeling velocity changes across phase boundaries. However, the wet gabbro-eclogite model is unable to match local shear velocities in the oceanic lithosphere obtained from Sn wave velocities and inversion of surface wave phase velocity, and a peridotitic upper mantle is favored. A strong azimuthal variation of residual exists for an event along the Gibbs fracture zone, in approximate agreement with the velocity versus age models. Shear wave residuals for events on the Indian plate are systematically less by 2 s than residuals for earthquakes in lithosphere of comparable age in the Atlantic or Pacific; this offset may result from the rapid northward motion of the Carlsberg and southeast Indian ridges with respect to the mesosphere.
Protolith age and timing of Precambrian magmatic and metamorphic events in the Priest River complex, northern Rockies

U–Pb dating of detrital zircons, magmatic zircons, and metamorphic zircon overgrowths and titanites from the Priest River complex, USA, reveal the ages of high-grade metasedimentary rocks, intrusive ages of associated igneous rocks, and the timing of Precambrian metamorphic events. Sensitive high-mass resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb dates of detrital zircons from the Hauser Lake gneiss and Gold Cup Quartzite are predominately Paleoproterozoic with some Archean grains. The Hauser Lake gneiss contains detrital zircons with nearly concordant ages as young as 1511 Ma. Isotope dilution – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID–TIMS) and chemical abrasion – thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA–TIMS) dating of magmatic zircon from amphibolites in the Hauser Lake Gneiss yield 1470–1430 Ma crystallization ages based on discordant data, with Cretaceous lower intercepts. The U–Pb zircon systematics are very complex and reflect multiple periods of magmatic and metamorphic growth. A combination of mechanical abrasion, chemical abrasion (CA–TIMS), and SHRIMP methods were required to identify the major geochronological components. These data, in addition to one Nd model age, strengthen correlations between the Hauser Lake Gneiss and the lower Belt–Purcell Supergroup and the Gold Cup Quartzite with the Neihart Quartzite, which underlies the Belt–Purcell Supergroup. Four SHRIMP-dated metamorphic zircon overgrowths give concordant Grenville dates with a weighted average of 1127 ± 110 Ma. This Grenville-aged metamorphic event is recorded by many isotopic systems in the Belt–Purcell basin and reflects a static thermal event, possibly driven by magmatism at depth.
Aportación de los modelos ecohidrológicos con feedbacks al conocimiento del funcionamiento de los ecosistemas de zonas áridas y semi-áridas

Water redistribution is a fundamental mechanism driving the functioning and dynamics of arid and semi-arid ecosystems. There, a positive feedback exists between vegetation biomass and soil water availability for plants, and it is often responsible of a regular spatial pattern development. The consequences of such spatial patterns in plant and water occurrence have been extensively studied in the field of eco-hydrology, both experimentally and theoretically. Here, we review the main contributions of the ecohydrological models incorporating feedbacks to the knowledge of arid and semi-arid ecosystems functioning, as well as the future research needs and directions in this research field.
The role of radio broadcasting in enhancing farm production in rural Kenya: a case of radio Nam Lolwe in Kakelo location, Homa bay county

xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background Information . 1 1.2 Problem Statement . 4 1.3 Research Questions . 5 1.4 Objectives of the Study . 5 1.5 Significance of the Study . 6 1.6 Scope of the Study and Limitation.7 1.7 Definition of Key Concepts . 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK . 9 2.0 Introduction . 9 2.1 Concept of Farm Production . 9
Detection and Classification of Power Quality Disturbances Using Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA)

Abstract: In this paper, a Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) is implemented for automatic classification of power quality disturbances. The MSA technique is a way of arranging the three or more sequences of PQ disturbance. This technique can be use to identify regions of similarity between the sequences. The similarity is achieved at the smallest error of alignment. Aligned sequences of PQ disturbance are typically represented as a matrix. Twelve types of PQ disturbances based on IEEE are considered for the classification. The simulation results show that the Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) can effectively detect and classify different PQ disturbances. Keywords: Multiple Sequence Alignment, Detection and classification of power quality disturbances.
Heteroclinic networks for brain dynamics

Heteroclinic networks are a mathematical concept in dynamic systems theory that is suited to describe metastable states and switching events in brain dynamics. The framework is sensitive to external input and, at the same time, reproducible and robust against perturbations. Solutions of the corresponding differential equations are spatiotemporal patterns that are supposed to encode information both in space and time coordinates. We focus on the concept of winnerless competition as realized in generalized Lotka–Volterra equations and report on results for binding and chunking dynamics, synchronization on spatial grids, and entrainment to heteroclinic motion. We summarize proposals of how to design heteroclinic networks as desired in view of reproducing experimental observations from neuronal networks and discuss the subtle role of noise. The review is on a phenomenological level with possible applications to brain dynamics, while we refer to the literature for a rigorous mathematical treatment. We conclude with promising perspectives for future research.
Enhancing Indoor Localization With Semi-Crowdsourced Fingerprinting and GAN-Based Data Augmentation

The popularity of radio frequency (RF)-based fingerprinting for indoor localization has grown owing to its relatively low cost of equipment deployment and satisfactory accuracy. However, generating a complete radio map by associating unlabeled RF signals with the corresponding location information remains challenging, especially in crowdsourcing-based fingerprinting. In this article, we propose a semi-crowdsourced radio map construction method based on Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) landmarks that harnesses reference points (RPs) in the radio map for coarse localization and facilitates the labeling of location information to WiFi signals. Principally, we acquire RF-received signal strength (RSS) measurements annotating them with location coordinates recorded while a user is walking to provide an efficient method of data collection. Furthermore, we introduce a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based method to increase the amount of training data collected at each RP and reduce human effort by augmenting the fingerprint database. Our proposed method demonstrates promising results, including improved localization accuracy and localization performance comparable to that of traditional site surveys while reducing measurement time and human effort.
Does Quantile Mapping of Simulated Precipitation Correct for Biases in Transition Probabilities and Spell Lengths

AbstractClimate impact studies constitute the basis for the formulation of adaptation strategies. Usually such assessments apply statistically postprocessed output of climate model projections to force impact models. Increasingly, time series with daily resolution are used, which require high consistency, for instance with respect to transition probabilities (TPs) between wet and dry days and spell durations. However, both climate models and commonly applied statistical tools have considerable uncertainties and drawbacks. This paper compares the ability of 1) raw regional climate model (RCM) output, 2) bias-corrected RCM output, and 3) a conventional weather generator (WG) that has been calibrated to match observed TPs to simulate the sequence of dry, wet, and very wet days at a set of long-term weather stations across Switzerland. The study finds systematic biases in TPs and spell lengths for raw RCM output, but a substantial improvement after bias correction using the deterministic quantile mapping tech.
Detrital-zircon geochronology and sedimentary provenance

The article on sources of Paleozoic sediment in the Grand Canyon by [Gehrels et al. (2011)][1] in the June issue of Lithosphere illuminates progress in studies of sedimentary provenance, which have evolved dramatically during the past fifty years. During my dissertation research at Virginia Tech,
Clinical evidence of growth hormone for infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To appraise the current randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for evidence of the association of growth hormone (GH) with improved outcomes in infertile women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods Relevant RCTs published in Chinese or English were identified through a comprehensive search of nine databases from the period of database inception to April 20, 2023. We included trials investigating adjuvant GH during ovarian stimulation and reported the subsequent outcomes. The group with adjuvant GH treatment and the group without adjuvant GH treatment were set up as the trial and control groups, respectively. The quality of RCTs was measured according to the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. Results Of the 579 studies initially identified, 10 RCTs comprising 852 infertile women with DOR were included. The GH dose of individual trials ranged between 3 and 5 IU/day. Overall, we judged the trials to be at high risk of bias in the blinding domain. Pooled results showed that GH was associated with an increased clinical pregnancy rate (RR = 1.63, 95%CI [1.31, 2.03], p < 0.0001) and a greater number of oocytes retrieved (MD = 0.91, 95%CI [0.47, 1.35], p < 0.0001). Favorable associations were also observed when ovarian stimulation was combined with GH therapy for improving the optimal embryos rate (RR = 1.84, 95%CI [1.30, 2.59], p = 0.0005) and the number of optimal embryos (MD = 0.28, 95%CI [0.08, 0.48], p = 0.005) along with reducing the cycle cancellation rate (RR = 0.46, 95%CI [0.24, 0.89], p = 0.02). Moreover, GH resulted in an increase in the fertilization rate (RR = 1.33, 95%CI [1.18, 1.50], p < 0.00001) and the embryo implantation rate (RR = 1.56, 95%CI [1.21, 2.01], p = 0.0006). In addition, there was a significant enhancement in estradiol levels (SMD = 1.18, 95%CI [0.46, 1.91], p = 0.001) and endometrial thickness (MD = 0.75, 95%CI [0.41, 1.09], p < 0.0001) on the day of hCG. With regard to the total number of days and total dose of gonadotrophins used, GH treatment was correlated with shorter days (MD = -0.26, 95%CI [-0.46, -0.06], p = 0.01) and lower dose (MD = -460.97, 95%CI [-617.20, -304.73], p < 0.00001) of gonadotrophins applied during ovarian stimulation. Furthermore, GH in conjunction with the GnRH antagonist protocol was more conducive to improving the number of oocytes retrieved when compared with the GnRH agonist protocol (p < 0.0001). Moreover, a notable association was also seen in IVF combined with GH more than or equal to 4.5 IU/day to increase the number of optimal embryos and estradiol levels on the day of hCG (p < 0.05). Conclusion For infertile women with DOR undergoing IVF, adjuvant treatment with GH during ovarian stimulation protocols showed better clinical outcomes, shorter days and lower dosages of gonadotrophin required. Furthermore, well-designed RCTs are needed to verify our results in the future. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk PROSPERO (CRD42023421739)
A re-examination of the Nama-type Vendian organism Rangea schneiderhoehni

The need to re-examine Rangea has been motivated by two factors: first, by the recent progress in the understanding of three-dimensional mouldic preservation of Vendian fossils, and second, by discoveries of this taxon outside Gondwana albeit in the same sedimentary environment as seen in Namibia. Several important features are revealed, including the in situ posture in the sediment, the double-layered quilted structure, the tripartite stemless body and the mucous-supported sheath in the sediment. It is suggested that Rangea represents an infaunal organism, and that the similarity with other members of the Nama-type biota reflects convergence in functional and fabricational constraints in relation to infaunal life habit.