Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental characterization of permanent magnets used in periodic structures

In a periodic structure, the magnetic flux density profile of a hybrid undulator depends strongly on the characteristics of its permanent magnets. A simple procedure to select the best permanent magnets for periodic magnetic structures is presented here. We used a very simple apparatus for the magnetic field measurements. We tested this by assembling periodic structure prototypes formed by brick-shaped permanent magnets.
Dual-Band Dual-Channel Bandpass Filters Using High Quality Factor Dielectric Resonators

Compact dual-band dual-channel bandpass filters (BPFs) with different and identical frequency allocations are presented in this brief. Because of the magnetic boundary condition, four resonant modes are excited in the dielectric resonator (DR). The excitation and coupling scheme are analyzed and therefore dual-passband with different frequencies and bandwidths are obtained in each channel. Moreover, benefiting from the two pairs of orthogonal degenerate modes and excitation principle, the high isolation between the two channels is guaranteed. For verification, two dual-band dual-channel BPFs are designed. With only two DRs and two sets of probes, low insertion loss and high isolation better than 38 dB are achieved in the dual-band dual-channel BPF with the same passbands. It demonstrates that the proposed method would replace four conventional BPFs in the massive input massive output communication systems and the volume and number of resonators could be remarkably reduced.
Quad-Input Single-Resonant Tank LLC Converter for PV Applications

A quad-input LLC converter for photovoltaic (PV) application is proposed in this paper. In this topology, a single LLC resonant tank is utilized to transfer the energy from four PV panels to the output by using two Y configurations of switches. The PWM generation of all these switches depends on switching frequency and three phase shifts. An MPPT control strategy based on Perturb and Observe (P&O) method has been proposed in this paper to ensure the independent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for all PV panels. The zero-voltage switching (ZVS) across all the switches for a wide input range and load variations is achievable with this topology. A detailed mode-by-mode analysis followed by the switching waveforms has been illustrated, which led to the gain equation derivation. In that context, a state plane trajectory has also been drawn according to the various modes of LLC topology. Finally, a 500 W prototype has been built and tested to verify the operation of the converter. The achieved peak efficiency of the converter is 94.3% when all four PV panels track their maximum power point (MPP) individually.
Effect of spin disorder on magnetic properties of nanostructured Ni-ferrite

This work presents a structural and magnetic study of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. Powder samples with different particle sizes were made by annealing the fine powder at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and low temperature SQUID magnetometry experiments were carried out to characterize the samples. Results support a previously proposed model that the NiFe2O4 nanoparticle has a core/shell structure due to surface disorder. However, a detailed analysis of the data reveals that although the structural disorder in the surface of the particle is the major cause for forming a shell, the superexchange coupling is the driving force for the magnetic configuration, which creates a magnetically immobilized region near the surface region with thicknesses significantly larger than that of the structurally inhomogeneous layer on the surface. Also, the ease of magnetization of the core can be significantly affected. Since the crystalline and magnetic disorders commonly exist in the .
Hybrid Energy Management System Consisting of Battery and Supercapacitor for Electric Vehicle

This paper is mainly focused on Hybrid Energy Management System (HEMS) consisting ofBattery (BT) and Super capacitor (SC). Two energy sources connected in with same DC link in parallel manner with the help of Bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is used to separate control of power flow of each source. Here Permanent magnet dc motor (PMDC) motor used as a load and speed control of PMDC motor can be done by PWM method for this purpose chopper circuit is used. Input of chopper circuit is DC link and output of the chopper is given to PMDC motor. This method of energy management gives power splitting between two sources based on State of Charge (SOC) of each individual source during different state of vehicle such as acceleration, constant running and deceleration. Improved filter-based power splitting techniques is implemented. Three acceleration reference points were taken for power splinting at different SOC levels of both energy sources. Objective of this proposed method is best use of both the sources i.e. battery and supercapacitor and maximum use of supercapacitor energy at the time of transient conditions. Battery supply energy during normal running condition or very less load condition. Hence during transient condition SC directly react with system and gives peak power requirement, so stress on battery is reduces hence lifetime of battery is increase, also power available during braking is store in SC and battery, so independence of Electric Vehicle (EV) is increases. Because of less peak power requirement, batteries with less peak output power is used so it is reduced size and cost of batteries. Matlab-Simulink software is used for simulation and also small scale hardware is also implemented of proposed method.
Flexible organic photovoltaics using conducting polymer electrodes

Single heterojunction, small-molecule organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) have been prepared on fully flexible thermoplastic substrates using prepatterned conducting polymer electrodes(∼450Ω∕◻). OPVs were fabricated via sequential vacuum vapor deposition of layers of the organic electron donating/hole transporting material: N,N′-(α-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine and the electron accepting/transporting material: C60. The resulting photovoltaic cells exhibit white-light power conversion efficiencies of 1% (AM1.5, 97mW∕cm2), virtually identical to those fabricated on prepatterned tin-doped indium oxide/glass substrates.
Natural Morin-Based Metal Organic Framework Nanoenzymes Modulate Articular Cavity Microenvironment to Alleviate Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is always characterized as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside articular cavity. Mimicking natural metalloenzymes with metal ions as the active centers, stable metal organic framework (MOF) formed by natural polyphenols and metal ions shows great potential in alleviating inflammatory diseases. Herein, a series of novel copper-morin-based MOF (CuMHs) with different molar ratios of Cu2+ and MH were employed to serve as ROS scavengers for OA therapy. As a result, CuMHs exhibited enhanced dispersion in aqueous solution, improved biocompatibility, and efficient ROS-scavenging ability compared to MH. On the basis of H2O2-stimulated chondrocytes, intracellular ROS levels were efficiently declined and cell death was prevented after treated by Cu6MH (Cu2+ and MH molar ratio of 6:1). Meanwhile, Cu6MH also exhibited efficient antioxidant and anti-inflammation function by down-regulating the expression of IL6, MMP13, and MMP3, and up-regulating cartilage specific gene expression as well. Importantly, Cu6MH could repair mitochondrial function by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing the accumulation of calcium ions, as well as promoting ATP content production. In OA joint model, intra-articular (IA) injected Cu6MH suppressed the progression of OA. It endowed that Cu6MH might be promising nanoenzymes for the prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
Latitudinal properties of the Lyman alpha and O VI profiles in the extended solar corona

We have analysed the latitudinal properties of the profiles of the H I Lyman line at 1215:6 ˚ A and of the OV I doublet at 1031:9 ˚ A and1037:6 ˚ A in the extended solar corona, between1:5R and2:0R. Observations have been performed with the UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the ESA-NASA solar satellite SOHO (SOlar and He- liospheric Observatory). The results show that these lines have quite a different behaviour with latitude: the Ly line has larger full width at half maximum (FWHM) values in the streamer re- gion and narrower ones towards polar latitudes, while the OV I lines have a minimum FWHM at the center of the streamer, which almost steadily increases towards polar regions. The ob- servations have been analysed looking also for an interpretation in terms of selective heating mechanisms. The implications of our results for coronal heating theories are also examined. In particular we discuss the possibility for the presence of the ion- cyclotron coronal heating mechanism. Moreover, we point out an interesting correlation between the intensity of the coronal lines and their widths, which may be relevant to the open ques- tion of the different morphological features visible in the Ly and OV Ilines. (Domingo, Fleck, & Poland 1995). From the analysis of these UV lines we derived information about the thermodynamical properties of the coronal medium, averaged along the line of sight. A particularly relevant parameter that can be derived from the line profile is the kinetic temperature of the plasma, defined as (see for example Jefferies 1968)
A staged approach for generation and compression of fuzzy classification rules

A staged approach to identify a compact fuzzy classification rule base from numerical data is presented. First, the fuzzy rules are generated by adaptively clustering the input data and defining a relationship between cluster membership values and class labels. Then, the classification accuracy of the resulting fuzzy rules is enhanced by training a neuro-fuzzy network used to model the fuzzy classifier. Finally, the interpretability of the resulting fuzzy classifier is improved via a compression of the fuzzy rule base. Two well known data classification problems are considered to asses the validity of the approach.
Wide-band-gap InAlAs solar cell for an alternative multijunction approach

We have fabricated an In_(0.52)Al_(0.48)As solar cell lattice-matched to InP with efficiency higher than 14% and maximum external quantum efficiency equal to 81%. High quality, dislocation-free In_xAl_(1−x)As alloyed layers were used to fabricate the single junction solar cell. Photoluminescence of In_xAl_(1−x)As showed good material quality and lifetime of over 200 ps. A high band gap In_(0.35)Al_(0.65)As window was used to increase light absorption within the p-n absorber layer and improve cell efficiency, despite strain. The InAlAs top cell reported here is a key building block for an InP-based three junction high efficiency solar cell consisting of InAlAs/InGaAsP/InGaAs lattice-matched to the substrate.
Performance-Based Tuning for a Model Predictive Direct Power Control in a Grid-Tied Converter With L-Filter

Model predictive control (MPC) is a powerful and widely used technique to address the control challenges in power converters as the grid interface for renewable energy systems. This technique combines closed-loop control with error and control effort minimization; however, its design is challenging, and we know little about how the controller parameters affect the closed-loop performance of grid-connected voltage source converters. In this study, we applied an MPC direct power control with modulation for a grid-connected power converter with an inductive filter. For the controller design, we proposed an initial set based on the power converter’s nominal setup. Then, we define the range of settings to guarantee stability by analyzing the closed-loop poles of the system. The fine-tuning to improve the performance can be identified visually using the performance maps built from simulations of the control system, simultaneously sweeping the time horizons of the predictive model and the weight factors of the cost function. Experimental results on a low-power bench demonstrate the excellent performance of the designed controller, following and even outperforming the classical proportional-integral (PI) controller and other advanced control techniques.
Analysis of Single Biomacromolecules and Viruses: Is It a Myth or Reality?

The beginning of the twenty-first century witnessed novel breakthrough research directions in the life sciences, such as genomics, transcriptomics, translatomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics. A newly developed single-molecule approach addresses the physical and chemical properties and the functional activity of single (individual) biomacromolecules and viral particles. Within the alternative approach, the combination of “single-molecule approaches” is opposed to “omics approaches”. This new approach is fundamentally unique in terms of its research object (a single biomacromolecule). Most studies are currently performed using postgenomic technologies that allow the properties of several hundreds of millions or even billions of biomacromolecules to be analyzed. This paper discusses the relevance and theoretical, methodological, and practical issues related to the development potential of a single-molecule approach using methods based on molecular detectors.
l/sub 1/ state estimation of jump Markov linear systems

We consider the state estimation in an l/sub 1/ sense of non-stationary jump Markov linear systems. The parameters of a jump Markov linear system evolve with time according to the realization of a finite state Markov chain. An iterative algorithm is presented, which cross couples an interior point based method with the Viterbi algorithm. The Viterbi algorithm yields the Markov chain sequence estimate and the interior point based scheme yields the state sequence estimate of the jump Markov linear system.
Markov Processes and the H -Theorem

The H -theorem is investigated in view of Markov processes. The proof is valid even in the fields other than physics, since none of physical relations, such as the principle of microscopic reversibility, the unitarity of S -matrix and so on, is utilized. The well-known ` Wiederkehreinwand ' is also re-examined from this standpoint of view and a reconciliation is regained between the H -theorem and the recurrence in the sense of probability theory.
A Single-Fed Wideband Circularly Polarized Cross-Fed Cavity-Less Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna

In this paper, we proposed a new wideband circularly polarized cross-fed magneto-electric dipole antenna. Different from conventional cross-dipole or magneto-electric dipole antennas, the proposed simple geometry realizes a pair of complementary magnetic dipole modes by utilizing the two open slots formed between the four cross-fed microstrip patches for achieving circular polarization and high stable gain across a wide frequency band. No parasitic elements are required for extending the bandwidths; therefore, both the radiation patterns and in-band gain are stable. The simulated field distributions demonstrated the phase complementarity of the two pairs of magnetic and electric dipole modes. A parametric study was also performed to demonstrate the radiation mechanism between the electric and magnetic dipole modes. The radiating elements are realized on a piece of double-sided dielectric substrate fed and mechanically supported by a low-cost commercial semirigid cable. The overall thickness of the antenna is about 0. 22λo at the center frequency of axial ratio bandwidth. The measured results show a wide impedance bandwidth (|S11| < −10 dB) of 70.2% from 2.45 to 5.10 GHz. The in-band 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is 51.5% from 3.0 to 5.08 GHz. More importantly, the gain of the antenna is 9.25 ± 0.56 dBic across the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth.
Epiphitic Microbiome of Alvarinho Wine Grapes from Different Geographic Regions in Portugal

Simple Summary Wine, the product of biological activity on grape must, is much more than a simple product of fermentation. In fact, its relevance is manifested through cultural and social impacts, and it is, in many cases, a factor of economic development and fundamental regional/local identity. Alvarinho monovarietal wine is an example of this, as it is originally from the sub-region of Monção and Melgaço in the North of Portugal. The characteristics of a wine are highly influenced by several factors, including the microbial flora present on the surface of the grapes. This microbiota will contribute to the terroir associated with a given region in the production of wine, allowing the creation of wines with specific characteristics and greater typicality. The microbiome present on the surface of Alvarinho grapes was analyzed by High-Throughput Sequencing, and the results allowed for the determination of a core microbiome associated with grapes from any of the analyzed regions. The results made it possible also to verify that the α-diversity (for fungi) of the microbial population of the grapes from the region where the Alvarinho variety is native is different, with a yeast of the genus Metschnikowia, which is described as having enological potential in the creation of fresh and fruity wines, ubiquitously present in all plots of Monção and Melgaço. Abstract Geographic location and, particularly, soil and climate exert influence on the typicality of a wine from a specific region, which is often justified by the terroir, and these factors also influence the epiphytic flora associated with the surface of the grape berries. In the present study, the microbiome associated with the surface of berries obtained from ten vineyards of the Alvarinho variety located in different geographical locations in mainland Portugal was determined and analyzed. The removal of microbial flora from the surface of the berries was carried out by washing and sonication, after which the extraction and purification of the respective DNA was carried out. High-throughput short amplicon sequencing of the fungal ITS region and the bacterial 16S region was performed, allowing for the determination of the microbial consortium associated with Alvarinho wine grapes. Analysis of α-diversity demonstrated that parcels from the Monção and Melgaço sub-region present a significantly (p < 0.05) lower fungal diversity and species richness when compared to the plots analyzed from other regions/sub-regions. The ubiquitous presence of Metschnikowia spp. , a yeast with enologic potential interest in all parcels from Monção and Melgaço, was also observed.
Can scale cortisol concentration be quantified non-lethally in wild fish species?

Abstract Cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid in fishes, is secreted into the bloodstream in response to stress. Circulating cortisol accumulates in scales, a durable calcified structure that can be easily sampled from many fish species. As such, the use of scale cortisol concentration (SCC) is currently being explored as a means of chronic stress biomonitoring in wild fishes. Scales serve an important role in fish physiology and thus the number of scales required for reliable cortisol analysis is a limiting factor in the non-lethal collection of such samples. To date, scale cortisol quantification has also only been performed non-lethally in captive fishes and due to differences in stress responsiveness SCCs likely differ in wild species. As such, this study aimed to (1) apply our fish scale processing and analysis protocol to wild fish species and (2) apply it to five north temperate fish species to provide information useful to future non-lethal scale sampling regimes. Cortisol was successfully measured in scales collected from wild northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Sander vitreus), whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) and captive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). SCCs were significantly different between species and thus the sample mass required for reliable cortisol analysis differed as well. In addition to the size of the fish and the mass of their scales this is an important consideration for future scale cortisol analyses as these factors could make SCC an attainable non-lethal sample matrix in some species of fish but impractical in others.
Spin-glass transition in single-crystal Bi Fe O 3

Magnetic properties of $\mathrm{Bi}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (BFO) single crystals with rhombohedral symmetry $(R3c)$ were measured in the temperature range of $4.2--350\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. Zero field cooled (ZFC) and field cooled magnetization curves split below $250\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ with a sharp cusp around $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ in the ZFC curves revealing spin-glass behavior in BFO single crystals. The observed coercive field increases with decreasing temperature, suggesting week ferromagnetism below $\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and spin glass behavior below $\ensuremath{\sim}120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. The cusps around the freezing temperature $[{T}_{f}(\ensuremath{\omega})]$ which are frequency dependent confirm the spin-glass behavior in BFO single crystals with spin freezing temperature $({T}_{\mathit{SG}}=29.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K})$. The critical exponent $z\ensuremath{\nu}=1.38$ agrees rather well with experimental values in $\mathrm{La}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(z\ensuremath{\nu}=1.0)$ [K. De et al., J. Appl. Phys. 99, 13908 (2006)] and the mean field theory $(z\ensuremath{\nu}=2.0)$ of Kirkpatrick and Sherrington [Phys. Rev. B 17, 4384 (1970)].
MICROBIAL BIOFILMS: BENEFICIAL AND DETRIMENTAL IMPACTS

Biofilms are matrix-enclosed microbial accretions that bind to biological or non-biological surfaces, such as stream rocks, as well as to surfaces of plants (roots) or animals (epitheliums). Accretions are often enclosed in the outer polymer layer (EPS) that the microorganism or the colonized host's defensive mechanisms may create. Biofilms are a safe mode of growth that lets cells endure in hostile surroundings and also disperses new niches to colonise. Biofilm development also occurs in a vastly diverse range of microorganisms. The biofilm formation cycle embodies a structurally complex and dynamic system that shares the characteristics of both multicellular primitive organisms and complex ecosystems. Although biofilms confer multifarious advantages to their members, such as adhesion/cohesion capabilities, mechanical properties, nutritional sources, metabolite exchange mechanism, cellular communication, defence and drug resistance (e.g. antimicrobials, antiseptics, and disinfectants), they cause other problems in the hospital environment, food industries, aquatic environments which are described herein this review article.
MEMS tunable optical filter based on photonic crystal

Photonic crystal with defects such as (L1H1)m LCH2(L2H2)n is investigated in this paper. The band gap edge transmission peak is narrowed when the couple-layer LC and the cover layer H2(L2H2)n are added to the photonic crystal (L1H1)m. Two different structures were studied in thip paper. Structure A is not suitable for the tunable filter, which has two discrete tuning regions. Structure B provides a good optical tuning method: large dynamic range (>150 nm), narrow bandwidth (FWHM is about 2 nm) and good tuning linearity. This kind of structure can be fabricated by the surface micromachined technique easily.