Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention of the post thrombotic syndrome with anticoagulation: a narrative review

The post thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is chronic venous insufficiency secondary to a prior deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is the most common complication of VTE and, while not fatal, it can lead to chronic, unremitting symptoms as well as societal and economic consequences. The cornerstone of PTS treatment lies in its prevention after DVT. Specific PTS preventative measures include the use of elastic compression stockings (ECS) and pharmacomechanical catheter directed thrombolysis (PCDT). However, the efficacy of these treatments has been questioned by large RCTs. So far, anticoagulation, primarily prescribed to prevent DVT extension and recurrence, appears to be the only unquestionably effective treatment for the prevention of PTS. In this literature review we present pathophysiological, biological, radiological and clinical data supporting the efficacy of anticoagulants to prevent PTS and the possible differential efficacy among available classes of anticoagulants (vitamin K antagonists (VKA), low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)). Data suggest that LMWHs and DOACs are superior to VKAs, but no head-to-head comparison is available between DOACs and LMWHs. Owing to their potentially greater anti-inflammatory properties, LMWHs could be superior to DOACs. This finding may be of interest particularly in patients with extensive DVT at high risk of moderate to severe PTS, but needs to be confirmed by a dedicated RCT.
Histone deacetylase 3 represses cholesterol efflux during CD4+ T-cell activation

After antigenic activation, quiescent naive CD4+ T cells alter their metabolism to proliferate. This metabolic shift increases production of nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, and sterols. Here, we show that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is critical for activation of murine peripheral CD4+ T cells. HDAC3-deficient CD4+ T cells failed to proliferate and blast after in vitro TCR/CD28 stimulation. Upon T-cell activation, genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis are upregulated while genes that promote cholesterol efflux are repressed. HDAC3-deficient CD4+ T cells had reduced levels of cellular cholesterol both before and after activation. HDAC3-deficient cells upregulate cholesterol synthesis appropriately after activation, but fail to repress cholesterol efflux; notably, they overexpress cholesterol efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. Repression of these genes is the primary function for HDAC3 in peripheral CD4+ T cells, as addition of exogenous cholesterol restored proliferative capacity. Collectively, these findings demonstrate HDAC3 is essential during CD4+ T-cell activation to repress cholesterol efflux.
Confirmation of an internal hydatid bladder fistula using postoperative methylene blue retrograde injection via urinary catheter: a case report

Abdominal hydatidosis resulting in an internal hydatid bladder fistula postoperatively is quite rare and might have serious consequences without timely treatment. A 74-year-old Tibetan woman presented with abdominal distension and was diagnosed with hydatid disease. Cyst contents were removed, and the pericyst was partially resected without contraindication. Furthermore, no internal urinary fistula was found before or during the operation, and the presence of an internal fistula was indicated by methylene blue retrograde injection via urinary catheter after the operation. The use of postoperative methylene blue retrograde injection via urinary catheter is recommended to identify internal hydatid bladder fistula formation.
Zonal Growth Pattern of the Prostate Is Affected by Age and Body Mass Index

Purpose: As men age, the prostate continues to grow on average 2.5% per year. While the variable growth rate of the total prostate gland is recognized, the growth rate of different prostate zones remains largely unclear. We evaluated the growth patterns of the prostate zones and identified clinical parameters contributing to the zonal growth rates. Materials and Methods: Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and clinical information were obtained retrospectively on 156 patients who had at least 3 prostate MRIs between 2003 and 2018. Different prostate zonal volumes were measured and analyzed. The outcome was analyzed using linear regression. Results: We observed that prostate growth rates vary depending on body mass index (BMI), transition zone index (TZI), the prostate zone and 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (5ARI) use. The peripheral zone volume growth rates increased with age and peaked at 60–70 years of age (p=0.047), while the transition zone volume demonstrates continuous growth without a peak through all ages. BMI and TZI are associated with the growth rate of the peripheral zone (p=0.026, p <0.001, respectively) but not the transition zone growth rate. 5ARI use is significantly associated with the reduction in the transition zone growth rate (p=0.033), not the peripheral zone. In addition, patients with TZI greater than 60% had the most significant reduction in the transition zone growth rate while taking 5ARI (p <0.001). Conclusions: Transition and peripheral zones of the prostate grow at variable rates. BMI and TZI affect peripheral zone growth rate, while 5ARI use reduces the transition zone growth rate.
Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for rapid clinical diagnosis: advances, challenges, and opportunities

Abstract Clinical diagnostic tests should be quick, reliable, simple to perform, and affordable for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this regard, owing to their novel properties, biosensors have attracted the attention of scientists as well as end-users. They are efficient, stable, and relatively cheap. Biosensors have broad applications in medical diagnosis, including point-of-care (POC) monitoring, forensics, and biomedical research. The electrochemical nucleic acid (NA) biosensor, the latest invention in this field, combines the sensitivity of electroanalytical methods with the inherent bioselectivity of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The NA biosensor exploits the affinity of single-stranded DNA/RNA for its complementary strand and is used to detect complementary sequences of NA based on hybridization. After the NA component in the sensor detects the analyte, a catalytic reaction or binding event that generates an electrical signal in the transducer ensues. Since 2000, much progress has been made in this field, but there are still numerous challenges. This critical review describes the advances, challenges, and prospects of NA-based electrochemical biosensors for clinical diagnosis. It includes the basic principles, classification, sensing enhancement strategies, and applications of biosensors as well as their advantages, limitations, and future prospects, and thus it should be useful to academics as well as industry in the improvement and application of EC NA biosensors.
RNA binding Motif protein-38 regulates myocardial hypertrophy in LXR-α-dependent lipogenesis pathway

ABSTRACT Myocardial hypertrophy is a pathological thickening of the myocardium, leading to various ailments, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure. RBM38 is critical in modulating mRNA translation for multiple protective activities such as p53 tumor repressor and p21 kinase cell cycle inhibitors. Liver X receptors (LXR-α) agonists reduce cellular hypertrophy initiated by various hypertrophic stimuli as lipopolysaccharides and Ang II. This research investigates the possible cooperation between RBM38 and LXR-α and mechanisms in modulating myocardial hypertrophy. H9C2 cells were treated with PE, TNF-α, and AngII to induce myocardial hypertrophy. RBM38 and LXR- α were overexpressed or silenced in H9C2 cells, and hypertrophy markers (ANF and Myh7) were determined with Western blot and RT-qPCR. Binding assays were done through RNA immunoprecipitation. H&E and Rhodamine-labeled phalloidin staining assays were used to assess the relative cell surface change. The results demonstrated RBM38 downregulation in in vitro models of myocardial hypertrophy. Modulation of RBM38 expression also exerted inverse effects on myocardial hypertrophy markers. Further observations also showed that LXR-α expression regulates the myocardial hypertrophy markers in H9C2 cells and RBM38 binds with LXR-α mRNA, consequently inhibiting LXR-α expression. Finally, overexpression of RBM38 rescues Angiotensin II–induced myocardial hypertrophy by regulating LXR-α dependent lipogenesis pathway. In conclusion, RBM38 Overexpression rescues Angiotensin II–induced myocardial hypertrophy by regulating LXR-α dependent lipogenesis pathway.
How Social Experience and Environment Impacts Behavioural Plasticity in Drosophila

ABSTRACT An organism’s behaviour is influenced by its social environment. Experiences such as social isolation or crowding may have profound short or long-term effects on an individual’s behaviour. The composition of the social environment also depends on the genetics and previous experiences of the individuals present, leading to additional potential outcomes from each social interaction. In this article, we review selected literature related to the social environment of the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, and how Drosophila respond to variation in their social experiences throughout their lifetimes. We focus on the effects of social environment on behavioural phenotypes such as courtship, aggression, and group dynamics, as well as other phenotypes such as development and physiology. The consequences of phenotypic plasticity due to social environment are discussed with respect to the ecology and evolution of Drosophila. We also relate these studies to laboratory research practices involving Drosophila and other animals.
Validation of Shiphandling Simulation Models

This paper describes the need for improved methods for validating numerical models used in shiphandling simulators. Such models vary in complexity, from rather simplistic models used for initial shiphandling training at maritime training centers to high-quality models used in the study of advanced marine operations. High-quality simulation models are also used in investigations of maritime accidents such as collisions and groundings. The SIMMAN 2008 conference presented the results of benchmarking studies of simulation tools currently used by research institutes, universities and training centers around the world. Many of these tools employ models based on numerical calculations using methods based on potential or viscous fluid flow, experiments using scale ship models (free running or captive) or semi empirical expressions based on regression analysis of previous model tests. The organizers of SIMMAN 2008 made the hull characteristics of certain ship types available for a comparative study of simulation maneuvering models. The outcome of the benchmark study (using IMO standard maneuvers as case study maneuvers) showed that simulated results varied significantly. In the opinion of the authors, there is an urgent need for new validation studies. The first part of this paper discusses the concepts of simulation model fidelity, verification and validation and the present guidelines issued by ITTC for validation of maneuvering simulation models. The second part looks at the outcomes of the SIMMAN 2008 conference and describes MARINTEK’s contribution to the benchmark study. The use of real-world measurements in model validation is briefly discussed. The need for registration of actual test conditions, as well as the types of tests that should be included in a test scheme, are presented. Finally, the authors discuss validation requirements with respect to the actual application of the selected simulation model as an engineering tool that can be transferred to training simulators used by maritime training centers. It is assumed that simplified simulation models may reduce the quality of simulator based training for ship officers. It is believed that increased quality of simulator model will improve the transfer of training from simulators to real life operations and remove some of the uncertainties related to investigation of maritime accidents.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Thoracic duct embolization via chest tube for a patient with postoperative traumatic chylothorax

Summary We present the case of a 53-year-old man who experienced a postoperative chyle leak after minimally invasive esophagectomy with mass ligation of the thoracic duct; conservative management failed. Interventional radiology was unsuccessful initially in accessing the cisterna chyli with conventional methods, yet ethiodized oil was noted at the tip of his right chest tube. The chest tube and its tract were used as an avenue to access the thoracic duct and successfully facilitate its embolization.
Neural oscillations are locked to birdsong rhythms in canaries

How vocal communication signals are represented in the cortex is a major challenge for behavioural neuroscience. Beyond a descriptive code, it is relevant to unveil the dynamical mechanism responsible for the neural representation of auditory stimuli. In this work, we report evidence of synchronous neural activity in nucleus HVC, a telencephalic area of canaries (Serinus canaria), in response to auditory playback of the bird's own song. The rhythmic features of canary song allowed us to show that this large‐scale synchronization was locked to defined features of the behaviour. We recorded neural activity in a brain region where sensorimotor integration occurs, showing the presence of well‐defined oscillations in the local field potentials, which are locked to song rhythm. We also show a correspondence between local field potentials, multiunit activity and single unit activity within the same brain region. Overall, our results show that the rhythmic features of the vocal behaviour are represented in a telencephalic region of canaries.
Antimicrobial stewardship among Nigerian children: A pilot study of the knowledge, attitude, and practice of prescribers at two tertiary healthcare facilities in Bayelsa State.

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS), the evidence-based use of antimicrobials, is an effective strategy in controlling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans by reducing the irrational use of antimicrobials. Stewardship in children is less studied. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of physicians prescribing antibiotics to children in Bayelsa State, Nigeria to identify gaps in AMS and possible solutions. Following ethical approval, a semi structured questionnaire was distributed among 40 paediatricians and gynaecologists at the two public tertiary healthcare facilities in Bayelsa State (the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital and the Federal Medical Centre) for self-completion. Responses were expressed as percentages and analyzed using Bloom's cutoffs. The Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model was employed to identify gaps for intervention in prescribing behavior with gaps in each component identified by aggregate scores <80%. Perceived approaches to improve prescribing among 14 selected options were assessed using 5-point Likert scales and options with scores >90% rated the most acceptable. Questionnaires were administered from August to September 2021. The response rate was 68% (27/40). Participants were paediatricians (81%, 22/27) and gynaecologists (19%, 5/27). Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was not performed before antibiotic selection nine times out of 10 (89%, 24/27). In a third (37%, 10/27) of cases, 2-3 antibiotics were prescribed. The top three antibiotics, in rank order, were: cefuroxime or amoxicillin 41% (11/27); ciprofloxacin or amoxicillin 30% (8/27), and azithromycin (33%, 9/27). Aggregate COM-B scores were: capability, 74%; opportunity, 78%; and motivation, 87%. The most acceptable (100%, 27/27) options to improving antibiotic prescribing were: availability of resistance data, availability of guidelines, readily accessible microbiological data, and easy access to infectious disease physicians. There are gaps in knowledge of AMR and opportunity for rational prescribing. There is need for antimicrobial resistance data to promote pediatric AMS at the surveyed healthcare facilities.
Evaluation of Clinical Diagnosis of Axial Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) or Elevated Patient-reported Spine Pain in CorEvitas’ PsA/Spondyloarthritis Registry

Objective To determine the presence of axial symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and examine differences between those with or without a diagnosis of axial PsA (axPsA). Methods Patients with PsA at their Corevitas’ (formerly Corrona) Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry enrollment visit were stratified into 4 mutually exclusive groups based on axial manifestations: physician-diagnosed axPsA only (Dx+Sx–), patient-reported elevated spine symptoms only (Dx–Sx+; defined as Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index ≥ 4 and spine pain visual analog scale ≥ 40), physician-diagnosed and patient-reported manifestations (Dx+Sx+), and no axial manifestations (Dx–Sx–). Patient characteristics, disease activity, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at enrollment in each axial manifestation group were compared with the Dx–Sx– group. Associations of patient characteristics with the odds of having axial manifestations were estimated using multinomial logistic regression (reference: Dx–Sx–). Results Of 3393 patients included, 226 (6.7%) had Dx+Sx–, 698 (20.6%) had Dx–Sx+, 165 (4.9%) had Dx+Sx+, and 2304 (67.9%) had Dx–Sx–. Patients with Dx–Sx+ or Dx+Sx+ were more frequently women and had a history of depression and fibromyalgia (FM) vs patients who had Dx–Sx–. Patients with Dx+Sx– or Dx+Sx+ were more frequently HLA-B27 positive than those with Dx–Sx–. FM was significantly associated with increased odds of Dx+Sx– or Dx+Sx+. Disease activity and PROs were worse in patients with Dx–Sx+ or Dx+Sx+ than in those with Dx–Sx–. Conclusion Patients who had self-reported elevated spine symptoms, with or without physician-diagnosed axPsA, had worse quality of life and higher disease activity overall than patients without axial manifestations, suggesting an unmet need in this patient population.
Metabolomic Profiles Associated With Incident Ischemic Stroke

Background and Objectives Women have higher lifetime risk of stroke than men, and metabolic factors seem more strongly associated with stroke for women than men. However, few studies in either men or women have evaluated metabolomic profiles and incident stroke. Methods We applied liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to measure 519 plasma metabolites in a discovery set of women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 454 incident ischemic stroke cases, 454 controls) with validation in 2 independent, prospective cohorts: Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED; 118 stroke cases, 791 controls) and Nurses' Health Study 2 (NHS2; 49 ischemic stroke cases, 49 controls). We applied logistic regression models with stroke as the outcome to adjust for multiple risk factors; the false discovery rate was controlled through the q value method. Results Twenty-three metabolites were significantly associated with incident stroke in NHS after adjustment for traditional risk factors (q < 0.05). Of these, 14 metabolites were available in PREDIMED and 3 were significantly associated with incident stroke: methionine sulfoxide, N6-acetyllysine, and sucrose (q < 0.05). In NHS2, one of the 23 metabolites (glucuronate) was significantly associated with incident stroke (q < 0.05). For all 4 metabolites, higher levels were associated with increased risk. These 4 metabolites were used to create a stroke metabolite score (SMS) in the NHS and tested in PREDIMED. Per unit of standard deviation of SMS, the odds ratio for incident stroke was 4.12 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.26–7.51) in PREDIMED, after adjustment for risk factors. In PREDIMED, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the model including SMS and traditional risk factors was 0.70 (95% CI 0.75–0.79) vs the AUC for the model including the traditional risk factors only of 0.65 (95% CI 0.70–0.75), corresponding to a 5% improvement in risk prediction with SMS (p < 0.005). Discussion Metabolites associated with stroke included 2 amino acids, a carboxylic acid, and sucrose. A composite SMS including these metabolites was associated with ischemic stroke and showed improvement in risk prediction beyond traditional risk factors. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that a SMS accurately predicts incident ischemic stroke risk.
Analysis and design of a low-voltage high-frequency LDMOS transistor

For a low voltage lateral double-diffused MOS (LDMOS) transistor, the output performance has been improved in terms of f/sub MAX/. This is done by decreasing the output capacitance and thus decreasing the total output conductance. Extraction of the model parameters has been made and the most efficient parameter to improve was identified and linked to a specific part of the transistor structure. Layout changes in the n-well/p-base region were done as the result of the model analyses and finally, the modified devices were processed. Measurements on the improved devices showed results that closely, matched the expected, and f/sub MAX/ was increased with 30% and only a slight decrease in f/sub T/. Finally, the capacitance reduction in the n-well/p-base junction was measured by direct. measurements.
Influence Of Blood Flow On The LongitudinalImpedance In Arteries: A Simulation Study

Longitudinal impedance is an important parameter in determining local hemodynamic characteristics of blood flow in arteries. It is usually calculated through formulas based on linearized models for blood flow, which are deduced omitting the convective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. The role of fluid motion nonlinearities in main arteries has been demonstrated both experimentally and computationally in the last two decades. In this paper the attention is focused on the influence of these nonlinearities on the longitudinal impedance when flow rate undergoes to large variations, as may occur in physiological conditions. The study is performed by using a mathematical model previously proposed, which takes into account all the nonlinear terms of the fluid motion and which is solved numerically. The results obtained in the simulated cases show that longitudinal impedance and in particular its resistive component, is highly affected by flow rate.
Interface Design and Task Difﬁculty Impact ML-Assisted Visual Data Foraging

Data foraging routinely involves sifting through a large amount of irrelevant information in search of relevant data. In machine learning, the related task of active search considers the automated discovery of rare, valuable items from large data sets – a setting that maps directly onto data foraging. Although there has been a long history of integrating similar assistive technologies into the visual analytics pipeline, we do not fully understand how these technologies impact human behavior or what factors might impact the machine partners’ effectiveness. We frame data foraging as a sequential decision-making process and propose using active search as an assistive technology for accelerating discovery. We conduct a crowd-sourced user study to evaluate this human–machine partnership in data foraging and show that our approach results in higher throughput and more meaningful interactions during interactive visual exploration and discovery. Furthermore, we present evidence from a follow-up user study that the impact of incorporating assistive technology in visual tasks varies with interface design and task difﬁculty.