Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Different Final Irrigation Procedures on Enterococcus faecalis Infected Root Canals: An In Vitro Evaluation

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of three final irrigation protocols and to compare their ability to remove the smear layer and debris from the root canal. Methods: Sixty-three single-rooted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis for 14 days. The teeth were divided into a positive control group (N = 3) and three treatment groups (N = 20) as follows: final irrigation with saline solution (control group), irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl ultrasonically activated with EndoUltra (EU), standard needle irrigation with Qmix 2in1 (Qx) and irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl activated using SiroLaser Blue (SB). The bacterial load was evaluated by analyzing the colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Selected specimens were split longitudinally and examined using scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the presence of a smear layer and debris. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test. Results: Activation of NaOCl with EndoUltra or SiroLaser Blue was superior at reducing intracanal bacteria relative to standard needle irrigation with Qmix 2in1 solution (p < 0.05). Even though SiroLaser Blue showed the best results for removing the smear layer and debris, no significant differences were detected between the groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Final irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl ultrasonically activated using EndoUltra or SiroLaser Blue demonstrated a higher efficacy in bacterial reduction than standard needle irrigation with Qmix 2in1.
DETECTION OF X-RAYS FROM THE SYMBIOTIC STAR V1329 Cyg

We report the detection of X-ray emission from the symbiotic star V1329 Cyg with XMM-Newton. The spectrum from the EPIC pn, MOS1, and MOS2 instruments consists of a two-temperature plasma with k T1 = 0.11+0.02−0.02 keV and k T2 = 0.93+0.12−0.14 keV. Unlike the vast majority of symbiotic stars detected in X-rays, the soft component of the spectrum seems to be absorbed only by interstellar material. The shock velocities corresponding to the observed temperatures are about 300 km s−1 and about 900 km s−1. We did not find either periodic or aperiodic X-ray variability, with upper limits on the amplitudes of such variations being 46% and 16% (rms), respectively. We also did not find any ultraviolet variability with an rms amplitude of more than approximately 1%. The derived velocities and the unabsorbed nature of the soft component of the X-ray spectrum suggest that some portion of the high energy emission could originate in shocks within a jet and beyond the symbiotic nebula. The lower velocity is consistent with the expansion velocity of the extended structure present in Hubble Space Telescope observations. The higher velocity could be associated with an internal shock at the base of the jet or with shocks in the accretion region.
Like, it's important: The frequency and use of the discourse marker like in older autistic children

Background & Aims Discourse markers, such as well or like, serve a variety of functions to support conversational reciprocity: filling pauses, aiding word-finding, and modulating turn-taking by holding the conversational floor. Previous research shows that autistic individuals use discourse markers less frequently than non-autistic (NonAu) peers; however, the discourse marker like has not been included in that research, despite its ubiquitous use by NonAu individuals, and despite the fact that like serves important pragmatic functions that are not encoded by any other discourse marker. Specifically, like signals to the listener that the content of upcoming speech is 1) Important/new; 2) Loose/approximate; 3) Reformulative; or 4) Quotative. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by comparing the frequency of discourse marker like use between older autistic and non-autistic children as well as exploring patterns of usage between the four like functions. Methods Twenty-one 10-to-17-year-old children on the autism spectrum and 20 NonAu peers—statistically matched on age, sex, IQ and language scores—engaged in a semi-structured interview with a researcher. Uses of discourse-marker like were identified from written transcripts of interviews and each use was categorized into one of the four functions. Results There were no significant differences in like frequencies between groups, nor were there differences in relative proportions of functions used by each group. Conclusions Research consistently indicates that autistic individuals use discourse markers significantly less often than their NonAu counterparts, but the findings from our study suggest that this pattern does not persist to all such markers. This group of older autistic children use like as often as their peers and use it to signify similar information about upcoming speech to their listener.
Light Pollution At High Zenith Angles, As Measured at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory

On the basis of measurements of the V-band sky brightness obtained at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in 2006 December and 2008 December we confirm the functional form of the basic model of Garstang. At high zenith angles we measure an enhancement of a factor of 2 over Garstang’s later model when there is no marine cloud layer over La Serena/Coquimbo. No corresponding enhancement is found in the B band.
Augmented flame image soft sensor for combustion oxygen content prediction

Oxygen content is one of the most critical factors for high-efficiency combustion. Online measurement of oxygen content from flame images is important but still challenging. For construction of an oxygen content prediction model, most current feature extraction methods are not straightforward. Additionally, there are always sufficient data for common operating conditions in practice, while only limited data for other operating conditions. The data collection process for model training is costly and time-consuming. To tackle the problem, this work presents an augmented flame image soft sensor for automated combustion oxygen content prediction. A convolutional neural network (CNN) regression model is designed to predict the oxygen content directly from flame images, without a single feature extraction process. Moreover, a regression generative adversarial network with gradient penalty is proposed to generate flame images with oxygen content labels. It overcomes the imbalanced and insufficient data problem arising in the CNN regression model training. The proposed soft sensor is compared with several common regression methods for oxygen content prediction. Experimental results show that the proposed method can predict the combustion oxygen content with high accuracy from flame images although the original datasets are imbalanced.
Modelling astrophysical outflows via the unified dynamo–reverse dynamo mechanism

The unified Dynamo-Reverse Dynamo (Dy-RDy) mechanism, capable of simultaneously generating large scale outflows and magnetic fields from an ambient microscopic reservoir, is explored in a broad astrophysical context. The Dy-RDy mechanism is derived via Hall magnetohydrodynamics, which unifies the evolution of magnetic field and fluid vorticity. It also introduces an intrinsic length scale, the ion skin depth, allowing for the proper normalization and categorization of microscopic and macroscopic scales. The large scale Alfv\'en Mach number $\mathcal{M}_{A}$, defining the relative "abundance" of the flow field to the magnetic field is shown to be tied to a microscopic scale length that reflects the characteristics of the ambient short scale reservoir. The dynamo (Dy), preferentially producing the large scale magnetic field, is the dominant mode when the ambient turbulence is mostly kinetic, while the outflow producing reverse dynamo (RDy) is the principal manifestation of a magnetically dominated turbulent reservoir. It is conjectured that an efficient RDy may be the source of many observed astrophysical outflows that have $\mathcal{M}_{A} \gg 1$.
DYNAMICS OF CORONAL RAIN AND DESCENDING PLASMA BLOBS IN SOLAR PROMINENCES. II. PARTIALLY IONIZED CASE

Coronal rain clumps and prominence knots are dense condensations with chromospheric to transition region temperatures that fall down in the much hotter corona. Their typical speeds are in the range 30–150 km s−1 and of the order of 10–30 km s−1, respectively, i.e., they are considerably smaller than free-fall velocities. These cold blobs contain a mixture of ionized and neutral material that must be dynamically coupled in order to fall together, as observed. We investigate this coupling by means of hydrodynamic simulations in which the coupling arises from the friction between ions and neutrals. The numerical simulations presented here are an extension of those of Oliver et al. to the partially ionized case. We find that, although the relative drift speed between the two species is smaller than 1 m s−1 at the blob center, it is sufficient to produce the forces required to strongly couple charged particles and neutrals. The ionization degree has no discernible effect on the main results of our previous work for a fully ionized plasma: the condensation has an initial acceleration phase followed by a period with roughly constant velocity, and, in addition, the maximum descending speed is clearly correlated with the ratio of initial blob to environment density.
Choroidal Thickness in a Hyperopic Pediatric Population

Aims: To evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) in hyperopic and emmetropic children using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional comparative study. Macular choroidal thickness and axial length of 62 eyes from hyperopic pediatric patients were studied. CT was determined at nine different macular locations. The results were compared to 66 eyes of healthy pediatric patients. Results: Study groups were classified as a hyperopic group (SE ≥ 2D) and an emmetropic group (SE < 2D). The hyperopic group have shorter AL than the emmetropic group (p < 0.001). The mean CT is greater in the hyperopic group (p = 0.039), and there are no significant differences between CT and gender (p = 0.389). Study participants were also classified by age (2–5 years old and 6–18 years old), and we observe differences in CT, but these differences are only significant for the 6–18 years old group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: CT in hyperopic pediatric populations is statistically thicker than in healthy pediatric patients. AL and SE have statistically significant correlations with CT values, and those correlations are seen in children in the ocular slow-growing phase (6–18 years old), and not in the early years (2–5 years old).
Competition graphs induced by permutations

In prior work, Cho and Kim studied competition graphs arising from doubly partial orders. In this article, we consider a related problem where competition graphs are instead induced by permutations. We first show that this approach produces the same class of competition graphs as the doubly partial order. In addition, we observe that the $123$ and $132$ patterns in a permutation induce the edges in the associated competition graph. We classify the competition graphs arising from $132$-avoiding permutations and show that those graphs must avoid an induced path graph of length 3. Finally, we consider the weighted competition graph of permutations and give some initial enumerative and structural results in that setting.
Trauma and Prospects for Reentry

Trauma is an almost universal experience for those with incarceration histories. Lifetime traumatic experiences begin in childhood, continue in adulthood, and persist during and after incarceration. For centuries, the capacity for trauma to have a deleterious impact on social, mental, and biological functioning has been a topic of inquiry, and for years empirical work has connected trauma to crime and justice system involvement. Trauma-responsive reentry is the future state of the art for reentry. This review examines the prevalence and consequences of lifetime traumatic experiences for individuals releasing from incarceration and returning home. Extant research on trauma interventions for individuals with incarceration histories is discussed. The review ends with a vision for trauma-responsive reentry, strategies to implement trauma-responsive reentry, a proposed research agenda, and cautions and considerations for debate. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 6 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
SUBARCSECOND ANALYSIS OF THE INFALLING–ROTATING ENVELOPE AROUND THE CLASS I PROTOSTAR IRAS 04365+2535

Subarcsecond images of the rotational line emission of CS and SO have been obtained toward the Class I protostar IRAS 04365+2535 in TMC-1A with ALMA. A compact component around the protostar is clearly detected in the CS and SO emission. The velocity structure of the compact component of CS reveals infalling–rotating motion conserving the angular momentum. It is well explained by a ballistic model of an infalling–rotating envelope with the radius of the centrifugal barrier (one-half of the centrifugal radius) of 50 au, although the distribution of the infalling gas is asymmetric around the protostar. The distribution of SO is mostly concentrated around the radius of the centrifugal barrier of the simple model. Thus, a drastic change in chemical composition of the gas infalling onto the protostar is found to occur at a 50 au scale probably due to accretion shocks, demonstrating that the infalling material is significantly processed before being delivered into the disk.
Friction mechanisms and interfacial slip at fluid–solid interfaces

We present series of experiments based on near field laser velocimetry, developed to characterize the friction mechanisms at fluid–solid interfaces. For polymers, entangled polymer melts are sheared against smooth solid surfaces, covered by surface attached polymer chains of the same chemical species, having a controlled surface density. Direct measurements of the interfacial velocity and of the shear force allow identification of the molecular mechanisms of friction. Depending on the value of the inverse of the shear rate experienced by the polymer compared to the reptation time, the transition between a regime of high and a regime of low friction observed when increasing the shear rate can be related to disentanglement or to the extraction of the surface chains from the bulk polymer. Surfaces with adjusted friction properties can thus be designed by choosing chain anchored length and surface density. For simple fluids, the direct measurements of the interfacial velocity show that, contrary to the usual hypothesis of hydrodynamics, a simple fluid can exhibit slip at the wall. Both the surface roughness and the strength of the fluid–solid interactions fix the amplitude of wall slip, acting in an antagonistic way.
Does a ferromagnet with spin-dependent masses produce a spin-filtering effect in a ferromagnetic/insulator/superconductor junction?

We analyze charge transport through a ballistic ferromagnet/insulator/superconductor junction by means of the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations. We take into account the possibility that ferromagnetism in the first electrode may be driven by a mass renormalization of oppositely polarized carriers, i.e. by a spin bandwidth asymmetry, rather than by a rigid splitting of up- and down-spin electron bands as in a standard Stoner ferromagnet. By evaluating the averaged charge conductance for both an s- and a dx2 − y2-wave order parameter for the S side, we show that the mass mismatch in the ferromagnetic electrode may mimic a spin active barrier. Indeed, in the s-wave case we show that under suitable conditions the spin-dependent conductance of minority carriers below the energy gap Δ0 can be larger than for majority carriers, and lower above Δ0. On the other hand, for a dx2 − y2-wave superconductor similar spin-dependent effects give rise to an asymmetric peak splitting in the conductance. These results suggest that the junction may work as a spin-filtering device.
Exploring the Clinical Utility of the Music Therapy Assessment Tool for Awareness in Disorders of Consciousness (MATADOC) with People with End-Stage Dementia

Dementia is a major health concern globally and cross-culturally with progressive decline in cognition, mobility and communication. There are few interventions for end-stage dementia (ESD) although music interventions have been observed to be accessible for people with mid to late-stage dementia. The lack of protocols and measures suited to ESD has limited research into the effects of music therapy. Measure sensitivity to minimal responsiveness is one limitation to the use of existing music intervention measures with ESD. This exploratory study examined the clinical utility of the Music Therapy Assessment Tool for Awareness in Disorders of Consciousness (MATADOC) for use with people with end-stage dementia, including preliminary reliability and validity. The MATADOC is a standardized assessment for minimally responsive patients with disorders of consciousness and may be useful for ESD. Using repeated measures with blinded MATADOC-trained raters, MATADOC data were collected with a small convenience sample of people with ESD in a residential care setting. Clinical utility data were collected from the raters and evaluated using a multidimensional model. To explore its functionality, MATADOC outcomes were compared to another measure for music interventions in dementia. The MATADOC may be useful for assessing functioning and responsiveness to music interventions for people with ESD without the risk of floor effects. Modifying the MATADOC protocol and assessment documentation prior to testing with a larger sample will enhance its sensitivity specific to ESD and age-related needs, providing a new music-based ESD assessment.
Pseudogap in underdoped cuprates and spin-density-wave fluctuations

We analyze fermionic spectral function in the spin-density-wave (SDW) phase of quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) cuprates at small but finite $T$. We use a nonperturbative approach and sum up infinite series of thermal self-energy terms, keeping at each order nearly divergent $(T/J)|\text{log}\text{ }ϵ|$ terms, where $ϵ$ is a deviation from a pure 2D, and neglecting regular $T/J$ corrections. We show that, as SDW order decreases, the spectral function in the antinodal region acquires peak/hump structure: the coherent peak position scales with SDW order parameter while the incoherent hump remains roughly at the same scale as at $T=0$ when SDW order is the strongest. We identify the hump with the pseudogap observed in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and argue that the presence of coherent excitations at low energies gives rise to magneto-oscillations in an applied field. We show that the same peak/hump structure appears in the density of states and in optical conductivity.
How the COI framework explains the online discussion patterns in a flipped course

ABSTRACT This preliminary study aims to understand how social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence in the Community of Inquiry framework (CoI) might explain online interactions on a discussion forum in a 10-week course. Online questionnaires were used to report students’ levels of social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. The results of the questionnaire were correlated with the amount of student online participation measured by the number of discussions created and replies to posts in an online forum. The results showed that cognitive presence was positively associated with the number of discussions created, while social presence and teaching presence was not. The findings suggest that improving cognitive presence may increase the number of online discussions initiated, but was not correlated with continuing discussion in the forum. The present study helps shed light on how the elements of CoI interact differently with student online behaviours of discussions initiated and follow-up posts.
Data analytics in quality 4.0: literature review and future research directions

ABSTRACT The quality level in manufacturing processes increasingly concerns manufacturing firms, as they respond to pressures such as increasing complexity and variety of products, more complex value chains and shortened time-to-market. Quality management is becoming increasingly challenging as model variety, and highly complex products harbour the danger of distributing defective products in the market. Data analytics has started gathering the interest of quality researchers and practitioners, who investigate approaches, algorithms, and methods for supporting the manufacturing quality procedures in the context of Industry 4.0. This trend is facilitated by the wide expansion of sensory technology and the accelerated adoption of information systems by the manufacturing firms. Since quality and process control has been identified as one of the major challenges with a high potential of big data analytics, in this paper we investigated the manufacturing quality research field from a data analytics perspective. Specifically, we examined the existing literature, we provided clarity to the Quality 4.0 research field, we synthesized the literature review outcomes, and we identified the research gaps and challenges. On top of them, we proposed directions for future research.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of the Ultrasonic Method and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Combined with Intraoral Scanning and Prosthetic-Driven Implant Planning Method in Determining the Gingival Phenotype in the Healthy Periodontium

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two diagnostic methods: ultrasonic gingival thickness measurement (UGTM) and cone-beam computed tomography, intraoral scanning by computer-aided design technology with prosthetic-driven implant planning software (CBCT/CAD/PDIP) in determining the gingival phenotype (GP). Thirty periodontally healthy patients were examined. The ultrasonic device Pirop G® with a frequency of 20 MHz and CBCT/CAD/PDIP were used to measure gingival thickness at upper canines and incisors in three points localized midbuccally, namely free gingival thickness (FGT), supracrestal (SGT) and crestal (CGT). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and width of keratinized tissue (WKT) were measured using periodontal probe. Intra-examiner and inter-examiner agreement and agreement between methods were evaluated using Bland-Altman analyses. Comparing both methods in the determination of SGT (bias = 0.17 mm, SD = 0.25 mm, p < 0.000) and CGT (bias = −0.45 mm, SD = 0.32 mm, p < 0.000) 95.0% and 95.6% agreement were found, respectively, and in the FGT range only 93.3% (bias = −0.45 mm, SD = 0.32 mm, p < 0.000). The presence of positive correlations between WKT and SGT was shown. A positive correlation between SGT and WKT confirms the purpose of measuring these parameters for the evaluation of the GP. Both the ultrasonic method and cone-beam computed tomography combined with intraoral scanning and prosthetic-driven implant planning method were useful in determining gingival phenotype, however, the ultrasonic method was more accurate for measuring GT.