Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel UHF RFID Loop Antenna with Interdigital Coupled Section on Metallic Objects

A small-size printed loop antenna operated at its half guided wavelength (λg /2) mode as the fundamental resonant mode for achieving operation in Taiwan RFID UHF band is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a half guided wavelength loop antenna, inter-digital coupling section and a small U-shaped strip inductance structure. The proposed antenna has a simple structure of comprising shorting via of length about 118 mm to cover the Taiwan RFID UHF bands. Further, the antenna has a simple planar structure and occupies a small area of 30 × 40 mm2 on the system circuit board of the metallic object. This proposed antenna with good matched impedance, compact size, and measured maximum reading range in free-space is about 7.2 m, which can be suitable for RFID applications. Details of the proposed loop are discussed in this paper.
On Action Algebras

Action algebras have been proposed by Pratt as an alternative to Kleene algebras. Their chief advantage over Kleene algebras is that they form a finitely-based equational variety, so the essential properties of *(iteration) are captured purely equationally. However, unlike Kleene algebras, they are not closed under the formation of matrices, which renders them inapplicable in certain constructions in automata theory and the design and analysis of algorithms. In this paper we consider a class of action algebras called action lattices . An action lattice is simply an action algebra that forms a lattice under its natural order. Action lattices combine the best features of Kleene algebras and action algebras: like action algebras, they form a finitely-based equational variety; like Kleene algebras, they are closed under the formation of matrices. Moreover, they form the largest subvariety of action algebras for which this is true. All common examples of Kleene algebras appearing in automata theory, logics of programs, relational algebra, and the design and analysis of algorithms are action lattices.
The Maximum Number of Disjoint Permutations Contained in a Matrix of Zeros and Ones

A well-known consequence of the König theorem on maximum matchings and minimum covers in bipartite graphs (5) or of the P. Hall theorem on systems of distinct representatives for sets (4) asserts that an n by n (0, 1)-matrix A having precisely p ones in each row and column can be written as a sum of p permutation matrices: Our main objective is a generalization of (1.1) along the following lines. Let A be an arbitrary m by n (0, 1)-matrix. Call an m by n (0, 1)-matrix P a permutation matrix if PPT = I, where PT is the transpose of P and I is the identity matrix of order m.
EMISSION-LINE SPECTRA OF SEVEN ARAKELIAN GALAXIES.

of the emission-line spectra of seven Arakelian galaxies are given. Two of the galaxies have very lowexcitation, weak emission lines, and are definitely not Seyfert galaxies. Two have emission-line spectra which are similar to M51 and M81, and a third is closer to these objects than to Seyfert 2's. One galaxy, Akn 79, is a typical Seyfert 2 object, while another, Akn 120, has the spectrum of a typical Seyfert 1. Relative emission-line intensities are given for Akn 120, and the line profiles of Hfl and Ho are shown to differ sigrifficantly in form and width. The equivalent width of HP in Akn 120 is very large (190 A), and is difficult to account for by photoionization alone. Key words: Seyfert galaxies- spectrophotometry
An iterative method for the reconstruction of a stationary flow

In this article, an iterative algorithm based on the Landweber‐Fridman method in combination with the boundary element method is developed for solving a Cauchy problem in linear hydrostatics Stokes flow of a slow viscous fluid. This is an iteration scheme where mixed well‐posed problems for the stationary generalized Stokes system and its adjoint are solved in an alternating way. A convergence proof of this procedure is included and an efficient stopping criterion is employed. The numerical results confirm that the iterative method produces a convergent and stable numerical solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Accounting for extrinsic variability in the estimation of stochastic rate constants

Single‐cell recordings of transcriptional and post‐transcriptional processes reveal the inherent stochasticity of cellular events. However, to a large extent, the observed variability in isogenic cell populations is due to extrinsic factors, such as difference in expression capacity, cell volume and cell cycle stage—to name a few. Thus, such experimental data represents a convolution of effects from stochastic kinetics and extrinsic noise sources. Recent parameter inference schemes for single‐cell data just account for variability because of molecular noise. Here, we present a Bayesian inference scheme that deconvolutes the two sources of variability and enables us to obtain optimal estimates of stochastic rate constants of low copy‐number events and extract statistical information about cell‐to‐cell variability. In contrast to previous attempts, we model extrinsic noise by a variability in the abundance of mass‐conserved species, rather than a variability in kinetic parameters. We apply the scheme to a simple model of the osmostress‐induced transcriptional activation in budding yeast. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lyapunov, singular and bred vectors in a multi-scale system: an empirical exploration of vectors related to instabilities

We compute and compare the three types of vectors frequently used to explore the instability properties of dynamical models, namely Lyapunov vectors (LVs), singular vectors (SVs) and bred vectors (BVs) in two systems, using the Wolfe–Samelson (2007 Tellus A 59 355–66) algorithm to compute all of the Lyapunov vectors. The first system is the Lorenz (1963 J. Atmos. Sci. 20 130–41) three-variable model. Although the leading Lyapunov vector, LV1, grows fastest globally, the second Lyapunov vector, LV2, which has zero growth globally, often grows faster than LV1 locally. Whenever this happens, BVs grow closer to LV2, suggesting that in larger atmospheric or oceanic models where several instabilities can grow in different areas of the world, BVs will grow toward the fastest growing local unstable mode. A comparison of their growth rates at different times shows that all three types of dynamical vectors have the ability to predict regime changes and the duration of the new regime based on their growth rates in the last orbit of the old regime, as shown for BVs by Evans et al (2004 Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 520–4). LV1 and BVs have similar predictive skill, LV2 has a tendency to produce false alarms, and even LV3 shows that maximum decay is also associated with regime change. Initial and final SVs grow much faster and are the most accurate predictors of regime change, although the characteristics of the initial SVs are strongly dependent on the length of the optimization window. The second system is the toy ‘ocean-atmosphere’ model developed by Peña and Kalnay (2004 Nonlinear Process. Geophys. 11 319–27) coupling three Lorenz (1963 J. Atmos. Sci. 20 130–41) systems with different time scales, in order to test the effects of fast and slow modes of growth on the dynamical vectors. A fast ‘extratropical atmosphere’ is weakly coupled to a fast ‘tropical atmosphere’ which is, in turn, strongly coupled to a slow ‘ocean’ system, the latter coupling imitating the tropical El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The bred vectors are able to separate the fast and slow modes of growth through appropriate selection of the breeding perturbation size and rescaling interval. The Lyapunov vectors are able to successfully separate the fast ‘extratropical atmosphere’, but are unable to completely decouple the ‘tropical atmosphere’ from the ‘ocean’. This leads to ‘coupled’ Lyapunov vectors that are mainly useful in the (slow) ‘ocean’ system, but are still affected by changes in the (fast) ‘tropical’ system. The singular vectors are excellent in capturing the fast modes, but are unable to capture the slow modes of growth. The dissimilar behavior of the three types of vectors leads to a degradation in the similarities of the subspaces they inhabit and affects their relative ability of representing the coupled modes. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical devoted to ‘Lyapunov analysis: from dynamical systems theory to applications’.
Kernel Smoothing of Data with Correlated Errors

Abstract Kernel smoothing is a common method of estimating the mean function in the nonparametric regression model y = f(x) + e, where f(x) is a smooth deterministic mean function and e is an error process with mean zero. In this article, the mean squared error of kernel estimators is computed for processes with correlated errors, and the estimators are shown to be consistent when the sequence of error processes converges to a mixing sequence. The standard techniques for bandwidth selection, such as cross-validation and generalized cross-validation, are shown to perform very badly when the errors are correlated. Standard selection techniques are shown to favor undersmoothing when the correlations are predominantly positive and oversmoothing when negative. The selection criteria can, however, be adjusted to correct for the effect of correlation. In simulations, the standard selection criteria are shown to behave as predicted. The corrected criteria are shown to be very effective when the correlation functi.
Sequential Quadratic Programming Methods with Distributed and Non-Monotone Line Search

Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) methods are widely used for solving practical optimization problems, especially in structural mechanics. The general structure of SQP methods is briefly introduced and it is shown how these methods can be adapted to distributed computing. However, SQP methods are sensitive subject to errors in function and gradient evaluations. Typically they break down with an error message reporting that the line search cannot be terminated successfully. In these cases, a new non-monotone line search is activated. In case of noisy function values, a drastic improvement of the performance is achieved compared to the version with monotone line search. Numerical results are presented for a set of more than 300 standard test examples.
Efficiency of DMUs with Interval Data under the Hypotheses of Weak Data Consistency

The original data envelopment analysis (DEA) measures the efficiencies of decision making units（DMUs） with exact values of inputs and outputs. For interval data, some methods have been developed to calculate the interval efficiencies, however, the result of classic method always have high uncertainties. This paper proposes the hypothesis of weak data consistency in DEA. LP (linear programming) models to solve the upper and lower bounds of interval efficiencies are established. Lengths of efficiency intervals under the hypotheses are shorter the its limiting case is the result of DEA model under the hypotheses of data consistency
Coding of Images in Long Term Memory: The Fate of Visual Memories across Weeks in Adults and Children

What is the content and the format of visual memories in Long Term Memory (LTM)? Is it similar in adults and children? To address these issues, we investigated, in both adults and 9-year-old children, how visual LTM is affected over time and whether visual vs semantic features are affected differentially. In a learning phase, participants were exposed to hundreds of meaningless and meaningful images presented once or twice for either 120ms or 1920ms. Memory was assessed using a recognition task either immediately after learning or after a delay of three or six weeks. The results suggest that multiple and extended exposures are crucial for retaining an image for several weeks. Although a bene�t was observed in the meaningful condition when memory was assessed immediately after learning, this bene�t tended to disappear over weeks, especially when the images were presented twice for 1920ms. This pattern was observed for both adults and children. Together, the results call into question the dominant models of LTM for images: although semantic information enhances the encoding & maintaining of images in LTM when assessed immediately, this seems not critical for LTM over weeks.
Raman gain and nonlinear optical absorption measurements in a low-loss silicon waveguide

We fabricated a low-loss (∼0.22dB∕cm) rib waveguide (WG) in silicon-on-insulator with a small effective core area of ∼1. 57μm2 and measured the stimulated Raman scattering gain in the WG. We obtained 2.3dB Raman gain in a 4.8-cm-long S-shaped WG using a 1455nm pump laser with a cw power of 0.9W measured before the WG. In addition, we observed nonlinear dependence of Raman gain and optical propagation loss as a function of the pump power. Our study shows that this mainly is due to two-photon absorption (TPA) induced free carrier absorption in the silicon WG. We experimentally determined the TPA induced free carrier lifetime of 25ns, which agrees well with our modeling.
A magnetic field tuned metal–insulator transition in unconventional metallic K‐doped MoO 2

This paper reports magnetoresistance measurements in polycrystalline samples of K 0.05 MoO 2−δ which demonstrate the occurrence of metal–insulator transition driven by magnetic field. The results are consistent with the Bose metal scenario and the two parameter scaling analysis proposed by Das and Doniach was applied. The results suggest a possible explanation for the unconventional metallic behavior observed in the K 0.05 MoO 2−δ compound.
New Technique For Blind Deconvolution

Frequently an image may be blurred by a point spread function whose details are not known exactly. In such a case it is necessary to estimate the point spread function before deconvolving the blurred image. This paper presents a new technique for estimating a zero phase blurring function when its optical transfer function is smooth. The estimate is obtained by smoothing the spectral magnitude of the image and comparing it to an average magnitude that is also smoothed. The average magnitude is obtained by averaging over an ensemble of similar images. The estimation can be extended to degradations such as a defocused lens by thresholding the estimated magnitude to obtain zero crossings and adjusting the phase accordingly. In particular, this technique can be applied to a circularly symmetric Gaussian or a defocused lens with a circular aperture.
Estimation of errors-in-variables models

The so-called errors-in-variables models pose serious problems to traditional statistical estimation because the Gaussian likelihood function, defined by the natural quadratic error measure, has a saddle point rather than a maximum. A discussion is presented of the estimation of such models, including the number of linear relations in them, based on the computation of a central concept in statistics: the stochastic complexity. In particular, an estimate of the linear relation between two such variables is demonstrated which has the property that when the level of the noise is reduced to zero, the estimate agrees with the correct solution. <<ETX>>
Visualizing Design Spaces Using Two-Dimensional Contextual Self-Organizing Maps

Visualization of design spaces is a complex problem that has the potential to provide many benefits. Design spaces can be easily visualized with two or three design variables using a range of methods. However, once a problem exceeds this limit, direct visualization that captures all necessary behaviors becomes difficult. To visualize these higher dimensions, it is necessary to use visual cues such as color, size, and/or symbols to show the added dimensions. The disadvantage to using visual cues is the inability to expand much beyond three dimensions. This research focuses on using contextual self-organizing maps to provide a solution to visualizing high-dimensional design spaces by using the dimensionality-reduction capabilities of self-organizing maps. A visual representation is created by generating a self-organizing map and applying objective function values as the contextual labels. The map is then broken into three different maps containing separate contextual information, namely the mean, minimum, a.
Models for non-Gaussian variation, with applications to turbulence

A new class of distributions, generalizing the Gaussian, the hyperbolic, and the so-called exponential power distributions, is introduced and studied to some extent. In particular, the possibilities are discussed of representing the distributions as mixtures of Gaussian distributions and of constructing a certain kind of stationary stochastic processes whose one dimensional distributions are of the type considered. A brief survey is given of the literature on observed distributions of velocities and velocity derivatives from turbulent fields with high Reynolds number and the applicability of the proposed distributions and processes for modelling turbulent velocity fields is discussed.
Recent Developments in Electrical Linewidth and Overlay Metrology for Integrated Circuit Fabrication Processes

Electrical linewidth measurements have been extracted from test structures replicated in planar films of monocrystalline silicon that were electrically insulated from the bulk-silicon substrate by a layer of silicon dioxide formed by separation by the implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) processing. Appropriate selection of the surface orientation of the starting material, the design and orientation of the structure's features, and patterning by a lattice-plane selective etch provide features with planar, atomically smooth sidewalls and rectangular cross sections. The primary motivation for this approach is to attempt to overcome the serious challenge posed by methods divergence to the certification of linewidth reference-materials for critical-dimension (CD) instrument calibration and related tasks. To enhance the physical robustness of reference features with deep submicrometer linewidths, the new test structure embodies short reference-segment lengths and arbitrarily wide voltage taps. Facilities for reconciliation of measurements extracted from the same feature by all normally practiced techniques are also implemented. In overlay metrology, electrical inspection of two types of hybrid overlay targets allows pixel calibration of, and shift extraction from, the overlay instruments. The overall strategic focus of this research is to resolve methods-divergence issues and possibly to develop universal deep-submicrometer linewidth reference materials for CD instruments and techniques for instrument- and process-specific shift extraction for optical overlay metrology.
Machine Learning System for Identifying Threats in e-commerce Chats/Calls

Today, it's a common practice for an e-commerce business to provide online support to its customers via chats and calls. Protecting customer data from potential threats is of paramount importance for business operations and customer success. Traditional methods such as keyword searching or human inspection can be error-prone or expensive, and haven’t scaled well, given the exponential increase in the quantity and length of the transcripts in recent years. A common challenge for NLP-based threat detection applications is that the amount of labels can be sparse. In this paper, we propose using state-of-the-art machine learning (ML)-based natural language processing (NLP) models to detect potential threats. We also introduce new ML/NLP methods to generate synthetic labels, and apply them to training the ML models.
Double path-integral method for obtaining the mobility of the one-dimensional charge transport in molecular chain

We report on a theoretical investigation concerning the polaronic effect on the transport properties of a charge carrier in the one-dimensional molecular chain. Our technique is based on the Feynman's path integral approach. Analytical expressions for the frequency-dependent mobility and effective mass of the carrier are obtained as functions of electron-phonon coupling. The result exhibits the crossover from a nearly free particle to a heavily trapped particle. We find that the mobility depends on temperature and decreases exponentially with increasing temperature at low temperature. It exhibits large-polaronic-like behaviour in the case of weak electron-phonon coupling. These results agree with the phase transition \cite{Mish} of transport phenomena related to polaron motion in the molecular chain.
Heliocentric Dependence of Sodium Emission of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995O1)

A sequential spectroscopic observation of comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) was performed from 1996 September to 1997 May. After the first positive detection in early 1997 February, the development of the neutral sodium emission was monitored during about 4 months around the perihelion passage. The ratio of the sodium D-line emission relative to the continuum emission strength varied with the days from perihelion. The sodium D-line emission was weak relative to the continuum near the perihelion because of the Swings effect. We corrected the Swings effect, the phase angle dependence of continuum emission, and the differences in geocentric distance. We found that the corrected sodium-to-continuum ratio varied with the dependence of r-k; k = 5-6, r denotes a heliocentric distance of the comet. Our result supports the hypothesis of thermal desorption of sodium atoms from dust grains.
The stability of a spherical Nebula

It is usual to take as the theoretical basis of the nebular hypothesis the established fact that the equilibrium of a rotating mass of liquid becomes unstable as soon as the rotation exceeds a certain critical value. The present paper attempts to examine whether it is justifiable to argue by analogy from the case of a liquid to that of a gaseous nebula, and it is found that, on the whole, this question must be answered in the negative. The paper is written with especial reference to a paper by Professor G. H. Darwin, in which it is shown that a swarm of meteorites may, with certain limitations, be treated as a mass of gas. The result obtained for a gaseous nebula can accordingly be at once transferred to the case of a meteoric swarm.
A Note on Giuga's Conjecture

Abstract Let $G\left( X \right)$ denote the number of positive composite integers $n$ satisfying $\sum\nolimits_{j=1}^{n-1}{{{j}^{n-1}}}\equiv -1\left( \,\bmod \,n \right)$ . Then $G\left( X \right)\ll {{X}^{1/2}}\log \,X$ for sufficiently large $X$ .
On the initialization of Rayleigh-Taylor simulations

We demonstrate that, when initialized with experimental data, numerical simulations of Rayleigh–Taylor mixing show reasonable agreement with experimental measurements of the self-similar growth rate α. The experimental data include high-resolution velocity and density measurements from a closed water channel facility. For the simulations, a monotone integrated large eddy simulations technique was used that employed a finite-volume, Eulerian equation solver with van Leer flux limiters. Calculations were initialized with both density and velocity fluctuations. A comparison of the late-time, self-similar growth constant with the experiments showed simulations initialized with velocity perturbations gave better agreement with experiments.