Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of WEPP to a Southern Appalachian Forest Road

Forest roads can be major sources of sediment and soil erosion from southern Appalachian Mountain watersheds. Sediments from forest roads are a concern due to their potential delivery to stream systems resulting in degradation of water quality. Prediction of sediment yields from forest road components can provide valuable information in planning, locating, and maintaining road systems to reduce erosion potential. This paper reports an application of the WEPP (Water Erosion Prediction Project) model to cut- and fillslopes during the post-construction and establishment period for an access road constructed in 1995. The WEPP predictions of sediment yield from cut- and fillslopes with two vegetation treatments and an untreated (bare soil) condition were compared to yields observed from replicated erosion control plots over an 8-year period. The rate of soil loss was greatest during the first year and decreased thereafter for treated cut- and fillslopes. Average annual sediment yield was overpredicted for the untreated cutslope which resulted in a somewhat lower model efficiency (ME=0.51) than for the treated cutslope (ME=0.92). The overprediction of the untreated cutslope sediment yields is attributed to accelerated losses observed in the field experiment during the first three years which removed most of the soil available for transport. In contrast, predicted average annual sediment yield was in close agreement with the observed values for the vegetation treatments for both slope types. Model efficiencies ranged from 0.51 to 0.92 for the cutslope and 0.53 to 0.99 for the fillslope. These relatively high model efficiencies indicate that the model adequately describe sediment yields observed in the field experiment.
Deep Time in Perspective: An Animated Fossil Hominin Timeline

The lapse of deep, geologic time—a concept that Darwin struggled to explain to readers of Origin of Species—is all but ignored in paper representations of hominin evolution. Representational constraints inherent to books and journals may influence how hominin evolution is reconstructed. In an attempt to help overcome these issues, we created an alternative to the traditional phylogenetic diagram. First, in 2005, we built a database of nearly every significant fossil hominin discovery up until about 40,000 years ago. Then we animated a timeline of hominin evolution. The clock starts at 6.5 Ma with the Sahelanthropus tchadensis cranium. Time ticks by on the screen at the chosen rate until 6 Ma when symbols representing the Orrorin tugenensis specimens flash into view, and so on until the proliferation of anatomically modern humans in the Late Pleistocene. Our animated timeline provides a new way to experience deep time. Watching the movie with a generation of 20 years represented by one second takes over 90 hours, and it is difficult to interpret the resulting representation as a bush, or even as a tree, as is presently common.
Multiobjective Optimization Differential Evolution Enhanced with Principle Component Analysis for Constrained Optimization

Multiobjective optimization evolutionary algorithms have been successfully applied to solving constrained optimization problems. This paper proposes a new multiobjective optimization differential evolution algorithm for constrained optimization. Through a study of fitness landscapes using principle component analysis, we discover a statistic method of identifying the valley direction in a valley landscape. Based on this discovery, a new search operator called PCA-projection is constructed which projects an individual to a position along the valley direction. Then multiobjective optimization differential evolution using this projection operator is designed for constrained optimization. A comparative experiment has been implemented between the proposed algorithm and a state-of-the-art multiobjective differential evolution algorithm on a standard set of 24 benchmarks. Experimental results show that the new algorithm makes a significant improvement in terms of solution accuracy. The proposed algorithm is also competitive with ten evolutionary algorithms participated in an IEEE CEC 2006 competition and is ranked third in terms of the final rank.
Investigating the Changes of Growth Pattern in Three Morphotypes of Gholi- Gheseh Zanjan Onion Cultivars

The growth stages and indices of three onion cultivars (GholiGhesehLeft-Left, GholiGheseh 87, and GholiGhese 88) in three row spacings(10, 20 and 30 cm) in a split plot design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in the field of East Azerbaijan Research Center were investigated. The results showed that among the morphotypes under study, the highest yield was obtained in 10-cm row spacing in GholiGheseh selection 88 morphotype, which is due to its growth rate and relative growth rate. GholoGheseh selection 87 in its growth period had the highest level of net assimilation. In 10-cm row spacing, the highest index of leaf surface, and in 30-cm row spacing, the highest level of net assimilation and plant growth were observed.
Fuel Management and Water Yield

There have been numerous studies worldwide demonstrating that changes in forest density can cause a change in water yield. Bosch and Hewlett (1982), Hibbert (1967), Stednick (1996) and Troendle and Leaf (1980) have summarized the findings from most of these studies. In general, as Hibbert (1967) observed, reducing forest cover increases water yield; establishing forest cover on sparsely vegetated land decreases water yield; and response to treatment is highly variable and, for the most part, unpredictable.
Socio-economic variables influencing mean age at marriage in Karnataka and Kerala.

In this paper an attempt was made to study the influence of certain socio-economic variables on the male and the female age at marriage in Karnataka and Kerala [India] for the year 1971. Step-wise regression method has been used to select the predictor variables influencing mean age at marriage. The results reveal that percent female literate.and percent female in labour force.are found to influence female mean age at marriage in Kerala while the variables for Karnataka were percent female literate. percent male literate. and percent urban male population. (EXCERPT)
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors (ppars) and Ovarian Function – Implications for Regulating Steroidogenesis, Differentiation, and Tissue Remodeling

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of transcription factors involved in varied and diverse processes such as steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, cell cycle, apoptosis, and lipid metabolism. These processes are critical for normal ovarian function, and all three PPAR family members – alpha, delta, and gamma, are expressed in the ovary. Most notably, the expression of PPARgamma is limited primarily to granulosa cells in developing follicles, and is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH). Although much has been learned about the PPARs since their initial discovery, very little is known regarding their function in ovarian tissue. This review highlights what is known about the roles of PPARs in ovarian cells, and discusses potential mechanisms by which PPARs could influence ovarian function. Because PPARs are activated by drugs currently in clinical use (fibrates and thiazolidinediones), it is important to understand their role in the ovary, and how manipulation of their activity may impact ovarian physiology as well as ovarian pathology.
ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THIBETAN AND RHESUS MONKEYS IN SOUTHERN ANHUI,CHINA

In Anhui province, Thibetan and Rhesus monkeys were found to be distributed to the south of Changjiang.The Thibetan monkeys were limited to the hill areas between 600 and 1,500m above sea level, while the Rhesus monkeys ranged from the plains to higher areas except the areas occupied by the Thibetan monkeys. The habitat preference of the Thibetan monkeys for higher altitudes may be dependent upon the occurrence of rocky cliffs and evergreen broad-leaved forest. The distribution of both species was reduced by strong human impact, but if the habitat is well protected, their population density should approach the population level of the Huangshan mountains. The boundary between the distributions of both species may reflect the general form of the ecological relations.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Aromatase Expression and Role of Estrogens in Male Gonad : a Review

The ability of the testis to convert irreversibly androgens into estrogens is related to the presence of a microsomal enzymatic complex named aromatase, which is composed of a specific glycoprotein, the cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) and an ubiquitous reductase. The aromatase gene is unique in humans and contained 18 exons, 9 of them being translated. In the rat testis we have immunolocalized the P450arom not only in Leydig cells but also in germ cells and especially in elongated spermatids. Related to the stage of germ cell maturation, we have shown that the level of P450arom mRNA transcripts decreases, it is much more abundant in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids than in mature germ cells whereas the aromatase activity is 2–4 fold greater in spermatozoa when compared to the younger germ cells. Using a highly specific quantitative competitive RT-PCR method we have evidenced that several factors direct the expression of the aromatase gene in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids, and it is obvious that promoter PII is the main one but other promoters could be concerned. In the bank-vole testis we have observed a positive correlation between a fully developed spermatogenesis and a strong immunoreactivity for both P450arom and estrogen receptor β not only in Sertoli cells but also in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. Our recent data obtained from ejaculated human spermatozoa demonstrate the presence of aromatase both in terms of mRNA and protein, and in addition, we suggest that aromatase could be involved in the acquisition of sperm motility. Indeed in men the congenital aromatase deficiency is associated with severe bone maturation problems and sterility. Together with the widespread distribution of estrogen receptors in testicular cells these data clearly show that estrogens play a physiological role in the regulation of spermatogenesis in mammals.
HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI MAKANAN MENGANDUNG FITOESTROGEN DENGAN SIKLUS MENSTRUASI PADA SISWI KELAS X SMAN 21 MAKASSAR RELATION BETWEEN CONSUMPTION OF FOOD CONTAINING PHYTOESTROGEN WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLE OF STUDENTS ON GRADE X AT SMAN 21 MAKASSAR

Phyoestrogen is chemistry group found in crop which can work as hormone estrogen. Phytoestrogen work as estrogen which can influence the production and resolving of hormone estrogen by body, as well as rate estrogen brought in blood stream. Intention of this research that is to know the existence of relation between food consumption contain the phytoestrogen with the cycle menstruate of adolescent, especially students in SMAN 21 Makassar. The method is cross-sectional, held in April 2013, at SMAN 21 Makassar, with 109 from Grade 10, the tecnique of choosing the sample by using simple random sampling. Research process is done by data collected by taking the menstrual cycle data and pattern of consumption of phytoestrogens. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate. The results, There is no significant relationship between consumption of Phytoestrogens with long period menstrual cycle, long menstrual cycles, and volume of menstrual blood on land SMAN 21 Makassar. p values between consumption of phytoestrogen by looking at long periods is 0,936 (p > 0,05). p values between consumption of phytoestrogen by looking long menstrual cycles is 0,445 (p > 0,05). p values between consumption of phytoestrogen by looking at the volume of menstrual blood is 0,6 (p > 0,05). Conclusion of this research are There is no significant relationship between consumption of Phytoestrogens with long period menstrual cycle, long menstrual cycles, and volume of menstrual blood on land SMAN 21 Makassar. This research recommends to the furthermore research hit the fitoestrogen with the menstrual cycle, especially hit the factors which can pursue the job fitoestrogen in related/relevant body with its relation with the menstrual cycle.
Surgical treatment for secundum atrial septal defects in patients >40 years old. A randomized clinical trial.

We prospectively examined whether surgical treatment of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs) in patients > or =40 years old improves their long-term clinical outcome. Surgical treatment of secundum ASDs in adults > 40 years old is a subject of controversy because of the perception of good long-term clinical outcomes in patients with unrepaired ASDs and the lack of data from randomized trials. We recruited 521 patients > 40 years old with secundum ASDs referred for treatment; 48 were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to surgical closure (n = 232) or medical treatment (n = 241). The primary and secondary end points were a composite of major cardiovascular events (death, pulmonary embolism, major arrhythmic event, embolic cerebrovascular event, recurrent pulmonary infection, functional class deterioration or heart failure) and overall mortality, respectively. We assessed possible prognostic markers. The analysis was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. The median follow-up period was 7.3 years (range 2 to 13). The risk of having the primary end point was significantly higher in the medical group, which had a univariate hazards ratio of 1.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23 to 3.22) and a multivariate hazards ratio of 1.85 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.17). Although the survival analysis did not reveal differences in overall mortality between the surgical and medical treatments (hazards ratio 1.71, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.86), the multivariate analysis, adjusted by age at entry, mean pulmonary artery pressure and cardiac index, demonstrated significant differences between the study groups (hazards ratio 4.09, 95% CI 1.41 to 11.89). Surgical closure was superior to medical treatment in improving both the composite of major cardiovascular events and overall mortality in patients > 40 years old with secundum ASDs. This superiority was related to the mean pulmonary artery pressure, age at diagnosis and cardiac index. Because of the higher risk of morbidity and mortality, we believe that anatomic closure should always be attempted as the initial treatment for ASDs in adults > 40 years old with pulmonary artery systolic pressure < 70 mm Hg and a pulmonary/systemic output ratio > or =1.7. The operation must be performed as soon as possible, even if the symptoms or the hemodynamic impact seems to be minimal.
Zirkulation und Vermischung in der Agulhas Retroflection während der ARC 12 Messkampagne

This Bachelor thesis deals with the circulation and diapycnal mixing in the Agulhas region at the southern tip of Africa. This region is characterized by fast and variable current velocities. Microstructure, salinity, temperature, and current velocity data of the ARC 12 expedition are used. The spatial distributions of diapycnal mixing and current velocities are investigated. Additionally the variability of the background conditions is observed as diapycnal mixing is related to it. The analyzed microstructure data of the ARC 12 expedition show significant variations at the different stations. Elevated levels of turbulent dissipation rates (ǫ) are observed at all stations below the mixed layer. Here, the magnitudes reach values of 10W/kg, in some cases 10W/kg. Increased activities of turbulent mixing between 100 dbar and 500 dbar are observed at the stations along the 40◦ S section. The values of the turbulent dissipation rates in these depths are in the order of 10W/kg. In a depth of 200 dbar turbulent eddy diffusivities (Kρ) of 10m/s occur. Between 400 dbar and 1000 dbar the values are constant at about 4 · 10m/s. The analysis of velocity shear profiles indicates that internal waves cause the observed elevated levels of dissipation rates and turbulent eddy diffusivities. The results show a turbulent diffusivity in midwaters that is increased by a factor of 4 compared to commonly observed values at this depth. It suggests that the Agulhas Retroflection is a hotspot of diapycnal mixing in the Southern Ocean.
Contemporary International Migration in Central Asia and the Rise of Migrants’ Diasporas and Networks

The chapter summarizes ongoing research on migration in Central Asia, with a particular focus on Kazakhstan, during which pioneering analysis has been undertaken in regard to international labor and illegal migration in Kazakhstan, the emerging regional migration subsystem in Central Asia, remittances and their role in migrant households, and contemporary Chinese migration in Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Diasporas and networks play an important role in ensuring safe channels for sending money home unofficially. To analyze the positive role of diasporas and networks gives a one-dimensional picture of the reality. The chapter analyzes the issues relevant to the emerging diasporas composed of temporary labor migrants and newly arrived residents in Russia and Kazakhstan seeking permanent residence. It is interesting to note that migrant communities are formed in social and cultural environments that are largely similar to their countries of origin, which can be attributed to the legacy of the Soviet Union. Keywords:Central Asia; contemporary International migration; Kazakhstan; migrant diaspora; migrant networks
TITLE PAGE Title: Endogenous retroviruses mediate transcriptional rewiring in response to oncogenic signaling in colorectal cancer Authors:

Cancer cells exhibit rewired transcriptional regulatory networks that promote tumor growth and survival. However, the processes that configure these pathological networks remain poorly understood. Through a pan-cancer epigenomic analysis, we found that primate-specific endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are an abundant source of enhancers that show cancer-specific activity. In colorectal cancer and other epithelial tumors, AP1 signaling drives aberrant activation of enhancers derived from the primate-specific ERV family LTR10. Functional studies in colorectal cancer cells revealed that LTR10 elements are involved in regulating multiple genes associated with tumorigenesis, including ATG12. Within the human population, individual LTR10 elements show frequent structural variation resulting from a highly mutable internal tandem repeat region, which affects AP1 binding activity. Our findings reveal that ERV-derived enhancers mediate transcriptional dysregulation in response to oncogenic signaling, and shape the evolution of cancer-specific regulatory networks.
Ocorrência regular da garça-azul Egretta caerulea (Ciconiiformes, Ardeidae) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Regular occurrence of the Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea (Ciconiiformes, Ardeidae) in the Patos Lagoon estuary, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Egretta caerulea, ranges from southern USA to northern Argentina, in South America inhabiting mostly estuaries and other coastal wetlands, usually breeding in mangroves. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil, only 13 records of this species were made, from 1983 to 2007. Here we have new records of E. caerulea from Rio Grande municipality, made from November 2001 to September 2008. Birds were recorded in Marinheiros Island, Polvora Island, Tamandare Park, north shore of Mangueira cove, FURG Campus, "Lagoinha (Molhe Oeste)" and "Coroa do Boi". The Patos Lagoon estuary, including surrounding freshwater wetlands, is the only region in the state where E. caerulea was found throughout the year, with records of several individuals and also immature birds. The large estuary mudflats, with abundant benthic invertebrates, are an important feeding area for this species, the most specialized heron foraging in intertidal mudflats. The occurrence of E. caerulea in this region is now regular. They possibly breeding in the area and/or come from colonies in mangroves further north. This range extension may be influenced by noted climate warming in the region of the Patos Lagoon estuary, and by the antropic impacts on SW Atlantic mangroves.
Late Mesoproterozoic rifting in Arctic Canada during Rodinia assembly: impactogens, trans‐continental far‐field stress and zinc mineralisation

This paper challenges the conventional interpretation of a major, economically important Mesoproterozoic intracratonic rift system as a group of aulacogens, proposing instead that they are rifts that developed in response to far‐field stress caused by continent–continent collision (impactogens) during supercontinent assembly. The tectonostratigraphic evolution of the Bylot basins (Arctic Canada) records dramatic alternations between extensional and compressional stress regimes, precluding an aulacogen interpretation and favouring an impactogen interpretation. New geochronological data (U–Th–Pb whole‐rock depositional age; detrital zircon signatures) provide a record of impactogens that developed in Laurentia's interior as a result of Grenvillian (~1.1 Ga) far‐field stress during assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia. Formation of the world‐class Nanisivik zinc deposit in one of the rifts is temporally associated with the Grenvillian orogeny, and consequently represents both (i) a rare exception to the global pattern of few ore deposits forming during supercontinent episodes, and (ii) a hitherto unrecognised tectonic setting for carbonate‐hosted zinc deposits.
Heavy Metal Concentration of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Grown on Dumpsite Soil in Benin City, Nigeria

The study investigates the concentrations of heavy metals in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) planted in dumpsite soil obtained from the University of Benin and Ekosodin in Benin City. Soil samples were collected before and after planting and analyzed for pH, total nitrogen (N), total organic carbon (C), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr). The study reveals variations in soil acidity levels across different locations before and after planting. In Table 1, soil pH was moderately acidic in Farmland (5.61), neutral in Market (6.79) and Residential (6.76) areas, and slightly acidic in Faculties (6.14). In Table 2, after planting, the pH remained moderately acidic in Market (5.68) and Residential (5.80), while becoming strongly acidic in Farmland (5.42) and Faculties (5.36). Total N and P decreased in most dumpsites after planting, while total organic carbon increased. Fe, Zn, and Mn concentration varied between dumpsites and after planting stages. Particle size distribution remained predominantly sandy across dumpsites and planting stages. The study suggests that Okra plants cultivated in various dumpsite soils showed no toxic levels for the selected heavy metals, with concentrations generally falling within acceptable limits for vegetable consumption. The copper concentration highest uptake observed in Okra plants from Residential Land (36.0 mg/kg) and the lowest in Farmland (23.3 mg/kg). Lead (Pb) uptake varied across dumpsites: Market (0.15 mg/kg), Farmland (0.10 mg/kg), Residential Land (0.12 mg/kg), and Faculties (0.06 mg/kg). Cadmium (Cd) uptake was observed at Market dumpsites (0.05 mg/kg), Farmland (0.02 mg/kg), Residential Area (0.01 mg/kg), and Faculties (0.04 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentrations in the soil and Okra plants were generally below the permissible limits set by the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) for soil and World Health Organization (WHO) for vegetables intended for human consumption.