Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognition in Patients with Schizophrenia: Interplay between Working Memory, Disorganized Symptoms, Dissociation, and the Onset and Duration of Psychosis, as Well as Resistance to Treatment

Schizophrenia is traditionally associated with the presence of psychotic symptoms. In addition to these, cognitive symptoms precede them and are present during the entire course of the schizophrenia process. The present study aims to establish the relationship between working memory (short-term memory and attention), the features of the clinical picture, and the course of the schizophrenic process, gender distribution and resistance to treatment. Methods: In total, 105 patients with schizophrenia were observed. Of these, 66 were women and 39 men. Clinical status was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Dimensional Obsessive–Compulsive Symptom Scale (DOCS), scale for dissociative experiences (DES) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D)—cognitive functions using the Luria 10-word test with fixation assessment, reproduction and attention analysis. The clinical evaluation of resistance to the treatment showed that 45 patients were resistant to the ongoing medical treatment and the remaining 60 had an effect from the therapy. Results: Our study showed that, in most patients, we found disorders of working memory and attention. In 69.82% of the patients, we found problems with fixation; in 38.1%, problems with reproduction; and in 62.86%, attention disorders. Conducting a regression analysis showed that memory and attention disorders were mainly related to the highly disorganized symptoms scale, the duration of the schizophrenic process and the dissociation scale. It was found that there was a weaker but significant association between the age of onset of schizophrenia and negative symptoms. In the patients with resistant schizophrenia, much greater violations of the studied parameters working memory and attention were found compared to the patients with an effect from the treatment. Conclusion: Impairments in working memory and attention are severely affected in the majority of patients with schizophrenia. Their involvement is most significant in patients with resistance to therapy. Factors associated with the highest degree of memory and attention impairment were disorganized symptoms, duration of schizophrenia, dissociative symptoms and, to a lesser extent, onset of illness. This analysis gives us the right to consider that the early and systematic analysis of cognition is a reliable marker for tracking both clinical dynamics and the effect of treatment.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Parainfluenza Virus: Characterizing Distinct Clinical Profiles and How They Shift with Bacterial Coinfection

Abstract Objective The objectives are to characterize the distinct clinical profiles of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections and how these profiles shift with the addition of bacterial coinfections. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from more than 1,000 hospitalized children to compare RSV monoinfection with PIV monoinfection, as well as RSV/PIV coinfection with bacteria with monoinfection. Results Significant differences in age distribution ( p < 0.001), clinical presentation ( p < 0.001), the proportion of pneumonia ( p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation ( p = 0.004), pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission ( p = 0.001), and duration of hospitalization ( p = 0.003) were observed between RSV and PIV monoinfections. Children with bacterial coinfections had a higher proportion of cough ( p = 0.004), wheezing ( p = 0.003), rales ( p = 0.002), pneumonia ( p = 0.002), and PICU admission ( p = 0.021) than PIV monoinfection. Notably, the duration of hospitalization for children with bacterial coinfections was longer than that of those infected with a single PIV infection, with a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.028). Conclusion Compared with PIV, RSV was more likely to cause severe respiratory tract infections. Coinfection of PIV with bacteria may have exacerbated the severity of acute respiratory tract infections and worsened the symptoms.
Capsule Endoscopy Image Deblurring Method Based on Multi-scale Recurrent Network

During the process of acquiring capsule endoscope images, image motion blur may result from errors made by the operating physician. A multi-scale recurrent attention network is proposed to address the issue of motion blur in collected images. Considering the issue of over-exposure during image acquisition in capsule endoscopy, which can adversely affect network generation results, an image preprocessing module has been incorporated into the network to eliminate highlights caused by over-exposure in input images. To enhance network sampling efficiency, the encoder is equipped with a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to extract fuzzy features more effectively. Additionally, depthwise separable convolution is employed to reduce parameter count. Since the structure of images obtained through capsule endoscopy is relatively simple and stable, we have opted for the mean square error as our loss function due to its heightened sensitivity to data errors. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 31.096 and a Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) of 0.925, indicating a significant improvement over DeblurGAN-v2 and Pix2pix.
Quality of Life in Urban Neighborhoods in Costa Rica

This paper considers valuation of amenities in urban neighborhoods and satisfaction with both those neighborhoods and life in general. First, rents are used to estimate neighborhood amenities price in San Jose, which explain 39 percent of the standardized variation of rents. Some districts rank very high in housing characteristics but poorly in neighborhood amenities, while others rank poorly in housing characteristics but high in neighborhood amenities, suggesting that indirect policy measures might reduce inequality in urban areas through improving neighborhood amenities. Second, the paper explores differences in the valuation of amenities by calculating prices in different urban areas. In more sparsely populated urban areas, distance to national parks becomes less important, but distance to primary roads becomes more important. Finally, housing and safety satisfaction represent the key components of life satisfaction.
Rural-Urban Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Underweight and Overweight/Obesity among Bangladeshi Adults: Evidence from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in prevalence and associated factors of underweight and overweight/obesity among Bangladeshi adults (≥18 years) by analyzing the cross-sectional Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 data. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with underweight and overweight/obesity in urban and rural areas. The prevalence of underweight was 12.24% and 19.34% in urban and rural areas, respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 50.23% and 35.96%, respectively, in urban and rural areas. In the final multivariable analysis in both urban and rural areas, 30–49 years of age, female sex, being educated up to college or higher level, living in the wealthiest household, and being currently married or being separated/divorced/widowed had higher odds of being overweight/obese compared to other categories. Residence in the Mymensingh and Sylhet region was associated with decreased odds of overweight/obesity in urban and rural areas. On the other hand, being educated up to college or higher level, living in the wealthiest household, and being married were associated with reduced odds of being underweight in both areas. These high-risk groups should be brought under targeted health promotion programs to curb malnutrition.
The importance of developing a metric to classify student experience in mathematics within the framework of intensive block teaching

The number of students enrolling in higher level mathematics units at high school have been in decline for a number of years. This is of particular concern when they then continue their studies within undergraduate STEM disciplines at University, leading academics to search for better methods to support mathematical instruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the development of a simple and robust tool to classify students’ mathematical capacity within a time compressed block teaching environment. One hundred and seventy-six first year students completed a survey reflecting on their level of comfort, competence, and enjoyment of mathematics, including their highest level of previous study in the discipline. Students also completed a short quiz to establish a pre-learning numeracy skill baseline. The survey provided data for development of the metric, from which, three groups ranked on their mathematical ability (low, medium and high) were identified which were then matched with scores arising from their baseline assessment. The classification grouping was uniform across all four offerings of the mathematics unit taught and matched with common baseline assessment scores. The importance of this tool shows both reliability and robustness in being able to identify students likely to have difficulty in studying undergraduate mathematics especially within the context of the time limited intensive block teaching, permitting early intervention to help students at risk of failure to succeed.
Combined thermal and seismic analysis of the Villarrica volcano lava lake, Chile

Villarrica volcano, a 2,850 m basaltic-andesite stratocone in southern Chile ((39°25' S-71°42' W), has had an active summit lava lake (30-60 m diameter) since the last eruption in 1984-85. Current activity is characterised by mild strombolian activity, continuous degassing, and periodic larger explosions. Between August-December 1999, Villarrica showed a significant increase in seismic activity. Lava lake activity increased and larger discrete explosions occurred destroying the lava lake crust on, at least, 4 occasions. Since February 1999, radiance data provided by the NOAA GOES 8 satellite via the University of Hawaii hot spot monitoring web-site served, as an additional real time monitoring method of the lava lake. Preliminary GOES data, for the period February-December 1999, have been correlated with seismic RSAM data and visual observations. Correlations exist between these data sets only for the most active periods. At Villarrica, the small dimensional and temporal exposure of the lava lake surface and the narrow crater coupled with a low satellite viewing angle generate a very subtle hot spot signature. Radiance variations can only provide reliable data where adequate constraining ground information exists and viewing conditions are optimal. However, the hot spot tool, once refined is considered a potentially important method of improving the monitoring capabilities.
The Risk Factors in Patients of Myocardial Infarction: An Observational Study

Background: Acute myocardial infarction is a condition where the blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, leading to the death of heart tissue. It is a major cause of heart failure and fatalities worldwide. Objective: To assess risk factors in MI patients and determine clinical criteria for patients with MI. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done from January 2023 to June 2023 at the Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 100 people were observed in this study. Results: Our study showed that a maximum of 32 individuals aged 50-59 suffered from acute myocardial infarction. Most were male (74%) and Muslim (93%). 83% had hypertension, 78% had diabetes mellitus, and 77% were smokers. Different types of MI were identified, with anterolateral MI being the most common (25 patients). Conclusion: Several risk factors increase the chance of developing acute myocardial infarction, including family history, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, smoking, lack of exercise, and certain health conditions like diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, SLE, vasculitis, or obesity.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Terhadap Keterlibatan Pegawai Dan Kinerja (Studi pada Sektor Publik)

Leadership in an organization is a central position in moving employees to achieve optimal performance. This research aims to analyze the influence of leadership on employee performance in the public service sector with employee involvement as a mediating variable. Data analysis uses path analysis. This research also describes the variables of leadership, involvement and employee performance using a questionnaire. This research tries to prove that employee involvement is a variable that influences employee performance so that employee involvement acts as a mediating variable.
Myotendinous Thermoregulation in National Level Sprinters after a Unilateral Fatigue Acute Bout—A Descriptive Study

In the last decade there has been a growing interest in infrared thermography in the field of sports medicine in order to elucidate the mechanisms of thermoregulation. The aim of this study was to describe bilateral variations in skin temperature of the anterior thigh and patellar tendon in healthy athletes and to provide a model of baseline tendon and muscle thermoregulation in healthy sprinters following a unilateral isokinetic fatigue protocol. Fifteen healthy national-level sprinters (eleven men and four women), with at least 3 years of athletic training experience of 10–12 h/week and competing in national-level competitions, underwent unilateral isokinetic force testing and electrostimulation in which their body temperature was measured before, during, and after the protocol using an infrared thermographic camera. ANOVA detected a significant difference in the time × side interaction for patellar temperature changes (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant difference in the time/side interaction for quadriceps temperature changes (p ≤ 0.001). The thermal challenge produces homogeneous changes evident in quadriceps areas, but not homogeneous in tendon areas. These data show that metabolic and blood flow changes may depend on the physical and mechanical properties of each tissue. Future research could be conducted to evaluate the predictive value of neuromuscular fatigue in the patellar tendon and quadriceps after exercise in order to optimize post-exercise recovery strategies.
Glacial isostatic contributions to present day sea level change around Greenland

(TYPE=abstract)Present-day sea-level change around Greenland is examined by assessing the role played by glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA). We consider the contributions from: (1) the ongoing GIA due to changes in the extent and thickness of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), (2) the equivalent signal associated with the continental ice masses located outside of Greenland, and (3) present-day changes in the GIS. Changes in the GIS arising from the last glacial-interglacial transition generally result in falling sea level today. The contribution from ice-load changes outside of Greenland causes rising sea level, owing to Greenland's location on the collapsing forebulge that surrounds the former North American ice sheets. Combining predictions of these contributions gives results showing rising sea level in the southwest and falling sea level in the north and east. However, this is strongly dependent upon the neoglacial part of the GIS's history. The present-day behaviour of the GIS is predicted to cause falling sea level with rates of several mm yr$^{-1}$ around areas experiencing the larger ice-load changes. The available tide-gauge data are considered unusable by the standards of many workers. Nevertheless, we compare rates of local sea-level change inferred from this type of data with our predictions. In Southern Greenland, where the tide-gauge stations are located, sea level is predicted to be rising at a rate of 4 to 5 mm yr$^{-1}$. Our predictions match most of the rates obtained from the tide-gauge time series, with the exception of Qaqortoq where the inferred rates may also reflect additional oceanic and meteorological effects. Similarly, our predictions are consistent with GPS observations, with again the exception of Qaqortoq.
Built-Up Areas Extraction by Textural Feature and Visual Attention Mechanism

An effective built-up areas extraction algorithm of high-resolution remote sensing images was proposed.Based on a signal processing method,a texture description method was presented for the characteristics of built-up areas in high-resolution remote sensing images.Through an information theory based visual attention mechanism,a saliency map was calculated to extract built-up areas.Experiments proved the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Queer Eye: The Urgency Of Self-Representation In The Study Of Coming-In Processes And Self-Acceptance Of Nonbinary Transgender Individuals

The non-binary Trans identity is one of the marginal identities beginning to be recognized worldwide. Research articles and academic resources available on non-binarynonbinary Trans identities write about various aspects of the internal and external processes of self-acceptance of non-binary Trans individuals, including gender dysphoria, transphobic internalization, gender deconstruction, and environmental cisnormativity, with various concepts and theories that raise disparities and unanswered questions. In this literature review, the authors collected and critically analyzed 16 documents to fill theoretical gaps regarding research into non-binary Trans identities. It was found that research on non-binary Trans identities has gained popularity in the past decade. However, of the available sources of research articles, few studies have used queer theory to analyze experiences of non-binarynonbinary Trans identities
Urban Tropospheric NO2 Retrieval Design and Optimisation for the Compact Air Quality Spectrometer, CompAQS

Air pollution has a significant detrimental effect on human/ecosystem health and is an important issue for a rapidly urbanising world. Anthropogenic NOx (NO and NO2) emissions have a range of health and environmental impacts. Reliable measurements of NOx are used to inform a range of science and policy goals. Satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 give a synoptic view of global and regional air pollution and are essential to constraining NOx emission estimates. However, coarse spatio-temporal resolution limits their utility to analyse urban pollution. The Compact Air Quality Spectrometer (CompAQS), a UV-VIS hyperspectral instrument, was developed to provide high spatial resolution imaging of urban pollution. The work described in this thesis covers the development of alternative retrieval algorithms of tropospheric NO2 for CompAQS. A variant on the Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique was developed using unpolluted Earthshine reference spectra, and was tested using modelled and operational satellite spectra. Tropospheric columns retrieved with this technique agreed well with operational products (r = 0.85), particularly over heavily polluted regions (r = 0.96). A neural network retrieval employing only several wavelengths was also developed and tested on modelled spectra, which demonstrated low fitting errors (<10%) even with noisy data. Air mass factors were calculated to correct the data for other influences (e.g. surface albedo) for a CompAQS demonstrator test flight campaign over Leicester in February 2013. While CompAQS could resolve high-resolution pollution features, the DOAS fit uncertainty dominated the retrieval error (37%), indicating that better instrument calibration would be required to improve its eventual use as a satellite instrument. The retrieval algorithms demonstrated in this work could be tailored to support satellite adaptations of CompAQS. However, further research investigating the reliability and resolution of assumed a priori information (e.g. the NO2 vertical profile) will be required to produce a full mission study concept.
Statistical Supplement to Household Food Security in the United States in 2014

This Supplement provides statistics that complement those in Household Food Security in the United States in 2014 (ERR-194). That research report provides the primary national statistics on household food security, food spending, and use of Federal food and nutrition assistance programs by food-insecure households. This Supplement provides additional statistics on component items of the household food security measure, the frequency of occurrence of food-insecure conditions, and selected statistics on household food security, food spending, and use of Federal and community food and nutrition assistance programs. The annual food security survey was designed with the primary objective of assessing households’ food security during the 12-month period prior to the survey, but information is also collected with reference to the 30-day period prior to the survey. Households that responded affirmatively to each 12-month question were asked whether the same behavior, experience, or condition occurred during the last 30 days. Responses to these questions were used to assess the food security status of households during the 30 days prior to the survey, following the same protocols that were used for the 12-month measure. The 30-day food security measurement protocol was revised in 2005, so 30-day statistics for 2014 are directly comparable with those for 2005 and later years, but not with those reported for 2004 and earlier years. An percent were 3 An percent were percent with very low food security. The national-level rates of food insecurity and very low food security were essentially unchanged 30-day 2013 percent and 3.3 percent, respectively). However, there were a few statistically significant changes in prevalence rates for some subpopulations. 4 From 2013 to 2014, 30-day food insecurity declined for married couple families (from 7.2 percent to 6.2 percent). From 2013 to 2014, 30-day very low food security declined for other households with children. The December 2014 CPS food security survey included questions about the use of two types of community-based food and nutrition assistance programs (see box below, “Community Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs,” for descriptions of these facilities). All households with incomes below 185 percent of the Federal poverty threshold were asked these questions. In order to minimize the burden on respondents, households with incomes above that range were not asked the questions unless they indicated some level of difficulty in meeting their food needs on preliminary screener questions. The questions analyzed in this supplement are:
A framework of biomarkers for skeletal aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium

The skeleton is an important structural and metabolic organ in human body, while aging is the physiological basis for degenerative skeletal diseases. China has the largest aging population in the world and faces great challenges in preventing and managing diseases related to skeletal aging. To address these challenges, the Aging China Biomarkers Consortium (ABC) has reached an expert consensus on biomarkers of skeletal aging by synthesizing the literature and insights from scientists and clinicians. The consensus provides a comprehensive assessment of biomarkers associated with skeletal aging and proposes a systematic framework that categorizes biomarkers into three dimensions, namely, functional, structural, and humoral dimensions. Within each dimension, the ABC recommended clinical and evidential research-based biomarkers for physiological aging and degenerative pathologies of the skeleton. This expert consensus aims to lay the foundation for future studies to assess the prediction, diagnosis, early warning and treatment of diseases associated with skeletal aging, with the ultimate goal of improving the skeletal health of elderly populations in China and around the world.