Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Storm-Relative Observations in Tropical Cyclone Data Assimilation with an Ensemble Kalman Filter

AbstractA storm-relative data assimilation method for tropical cyclones is introduced for the ensemble Kalman filter, using the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Ensemble Data Assimilation System (HEDAS) developed at the Hurricane Research Division of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The method entails translating tropical cyclone observations to storm-relative coordinates and requires the assumption of simultaneity of all observations. The observations are then randomly redistributed to assimilation cycles to achieve a more homogeneous spatial distribution. A proof-of-concept study is carried out in an observing system simulation experiment in which airborne Doppler radar radial wind observations are simulated from a higher-resolution (4.5/1.5 km) version of the same model. The results here are compared to the earth-relative version of HEDAS. When storm-relative observations are assimilated using the original .
VLA observations of neutral hydrogen in Virgo Cluster galaxies. I. The Atlas

H I maps, velocity fields, position velocity plots, mosaics of the line channel, and H I proflies are presented for the 25 brightest spiral galaxies located in the center of the Virgo Cluster. A synthetic map presents the maps of all the individual galaxies. It confirms that the galaxies located within 3 deg of M87 have H I disks that are significantly smaller than the optical disks. Further away, a number of galaxies have a very asymmetric H I distribution and a sharp edge on the side which points toward M87. The anemic galaxies usually show a ring structure and a patchy aspect. Several gas-rich dwarf galaxies have been found close to H I deficient galaxies, and one has been found close to the cluster center. The galaxies located in the western part are larger than in the eastern part. Furthermore the most severely stripped spirals show signs of asymmetries in their gas distribution combined with enhanced star formation at the compressed side of the gas disk. This might suggest that the Virgo Cluster exhibits a mild form of ram-pressure enhanced star formation, thought to be an important process in clusters at higher redshifts. 65 refs.
Parallel Dynamics Computation and H∞ Acceleration Control of Parallel Manipulators for Acceleration Display

In this paper, we propose a control scheme of parallel manipulators focusing on the accuracy of acceleration on the end plate, an important factor when parallel manipulators are used as acceleration displays such as a driving simulator. In order to achieve a smooth and accurate acceleration on the end plate, we combine two controllers: A dynamic controller to achieve accuracy of the position and to stabilize the system, and an H∞ controller to feedback the acceleration of the end plate to cope with the unmodeled dynamics such as mechanical flexibility and friction. The main problem of dynamic control is computational complexity. We applied parallel processing to reduce the latency and realized real-time dynamic control. The designed H∞ controller is added outside the closed loop of dynamic control to remove the vibration of the structure and the influence of unmodeled dynamics.
Global Optimization Method Based on Incremental Radial Basis Functions

Global optimization techniques have been used extensively due to their capability in handling complex engineering problems. Metamodel becomes effective method to enhance global optimization. In this paper, we propose a new global optimization method base on incremental metamodel. At each sampling step, we adopt inherited Latin HyperCube design to sample points step by step, and propose a new incremental metamodel to update the cofficient matrix gradually. Experiments proved that the global optimization method has highest efficiency and can be finding global minimum fastly.
Dynamic code compression for JavaScript engine

Web applications created using web languages such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are widely used regardless of execution environments, owing to their portability and popularity. Since JavaScript language is conventionally used for complex computations in large‐scale web apps, many optimization techniques have been proposed to accelerate the JavaScript performance. However, most of these optimizations speed up JavaScript engines at the expense of consuming more memory. Hence, memory consumption becomes an additional concern in the JavaScript field. Based on the research on memory status, we unearthed that a substantial portion of the heap memory is allocated for JavaScript source code, particularly in lightweight JavaScript engines, which may range from 13.2% to a maximal 52.5% of the entire heap. To resolve this memory issue, this article suggests a new memory optimization method, called dynamic code compression that dynamically compresses the source code and keeps its compressed form instead of the source string. A novel heuristic is proposed to timely compress the source code. We also re‐design the internal structure of the JavaScript engine to efficiently compress the source code without incurring any conflict. Using our code compression method, we could reduce the entire heap memory by up to 43.3% and consistently downsize the overall heap size. From an evaluation of standard benchmarks, our approach showed just 2.7% degradation in performance with negligible compression overhead, proving the feasibility of the code compression technique.
A nonlocal continuum model based on atomistic model at zero temperature

In traditional continuum theories, constitutive relations such as generalized Hooke's law and the Fourier law for heat conduction, are representations of macroscopic phenomenons. These theories have severe limitations as the length scale of the structure becomes close to the atomistic dimensions. The failure of the traditional continuum theories at atomistic scale can be attribute to ignoring of the length scale induced by intrinsic non-locality of atomistic interactions. The primary objective of this work is to construct a continuum model strictly based on the atomistic model bypassing any empirical constitutive law and any local homogeneous assumption such as Cauchy-Born rule. The intrinsic non-locality of the atomistic interactions are explicitly built into the model to make the model applicable to cases of strongly nonuniform deformation at the atomistic scales. When the deformation is homogeneous, the model reduces to that derived from Cauchy-Born rule. The present continuum model is expected to work well at atomistic scales. It is also consistent with the traditional continuum as the length scale approach to macro scale.
The LINC-NIRVANA IR cryostat

The MPIA is leading an international consortium of institutes building an instrument called LINC-NIRVANA. The instrument will combine the light from the two 8.4 m primary mirrors of the LBT. The beam combiner will operate at wavelengths between 1.1 and 2.4 microns, using a Hawaii2 detector. A volume of about 1.6 m high with a diameter of about 0.65 m is required for the cold optics. The size of the instrument and the high requirements on vibrations brought us to a new approach for the cooling of the cryostat, which has never been tried in astronomy. The cryostat will be cooled by a flow of Helium gas. The cooler which cools the gas will be placed far away on a different level in the telescope building. The cold helium will be fed through long vacuum isolated transfer lines to the instrument cryostat. Inside the cryostat a tube will be wrapped around the mounting structure of the cold optics. The first hardware arrived at the MPIA in 2005 and the system will soon be tested in our labs.
A novel matching algorithm for a hand-held 3D laser scanning sensor

A hand-held 3D laser scanning sensor has been widely used as an advanced solution to digitise the 3D shape for a wide variety of objects. To improve the reliability and efficiency of computing the sensor's position and orientation, this paper proposes a novel matching algorithm that forms and matches triangles from the two lists of reference points of the global world frame and the current local stereo frame. Delaunay triangulation is used to form triangles in these frames. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm can match the corresponding reference points more precisely and efficiently and therefore meet the real-time requirement of the hand-held sensor applications compared with previous algorithms.
Shionone Relieves Urinary Tract Infections by Removing Bacteria from Bladder Epithelial Cells

In clinical practice, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are second only to respiratory infections in terms of infectious diseases. In recent years, drug resistance of Escherichia coli (E. coli) has increased significantly. The therapeutic effects of Shionone on UTI were assessed by modelling UTI in SD rats and SV-HUC-1 cells with E. coli solution. After treatment of Shionone, the UTI rat model showed a decrease in wet weight/body weight of bladder, as well as a reduction in cellular inflammatory infiltration of bladder tissue and a decrease in urinary levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, the levels of proinflammatory factors were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in UTI cell model treated with different doses of Shionone (5, 10, and 20 μg/kg). The results of immunofluorescence analysis in both in vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that Shionone reduced bacterial load and the number of E. coli colonies growing on the plates was greatly reduced. These results suggested that Shionone has a good therapeutic effect on UTI, achieved by reducing bacterial load in bladder epithelial cells. The data presented here provide a basis for further research into the treatment of UTI.
Breakup of a liquid jet in a swirling gas

The convective instability of a viscous liquid jet emanating into a inviscid gas with a swirl is investigated. Contrary to the known case of a swirling liquid jet in a quiescent gas, the swirl in the ambient gas is shown to have a stabilizing effect. The inertia force in the gas is shown to play dual roles of both stabilization and destabilization. The gas inertia associated with the swirl has a stabilizing influence, but that associated with the interfacial pressure fluctuation has a destabilizing effect. A physical explanation of the mechanism of stabilization by the gas swirl is given.
High-resolution radar imagery of the Mirage III aircraft

High-resolution radar imagery has attracted increasing interest in recent years. As more radars are endowed with a high-resolution capability, target classification will become a regular system function. In order to classify an aircraft using radar, one must have an understanding of how the radar imagery relates to the physical aircraft. This paper illustrates the more important radar backscattering features on a typical fighter aircraft. Radar backscatter from an aircraft can occur through a variety of mechanisms. Although direct specular and diffractive mechanisms usually account for the majority of the scattering, indirect phenomena such as cavity scattering and creeping wave scattering are significant. This investigation finds that scattering from engine cavities is a particularly important radar backscatter mechanism for a fighter aircraft. Radar data of an actual Mirage aircraft is collected from a target turntable facility. This data is processed to obtain high-resolution range profiles (HRRP) and inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images, which indicate the prominent radar scatterers on the aircraft. The imagery is qualitatively examined, and its suitability for target classification is discussed. >
Towards retail innovation and ambidexterity: insights from a Swedish retailer

PurposeIncumbent retail organisations need to develop new capabilities to adapt with the increasingly competitive retail landscape. Despite the growing relevance of innovation in retail practice, the strategic management of innovation in retailing is still vastly under-researched. This explorative study thus aims to investigate how incumbent retail firms can organise for innovation from an organisational ambidexterity perspective.Design/methodology/approachA single-case study of an established Swedish retail firm was conducted from December 2016 to July 2018 and followed up in June 2021. The authors followed the process of implementation of organisational changes aimed to increase innovation in the company, particularly the introduction of a digital marketing initiative and a corporate innovation hub. Data collection was based on nine semi-structured interviews and participant observations and unstructured interviews from 13 meetings and workshops. An abductive approach to data analysis was followed, iteratively comparing theoretical concepts and empirical data using open, axial and selective coding to distil findings into aggregated themes.FindingsGiven the inherently limited formalisation of innovation processes in most retail organisations, structural ambidexterity appears to be necessary when the aim is radical, strategic retail innovation. Structural mechanisms are able to safeguard the space and resources to focus on long-term research and projects with higher risk and uncertainty; however, integration of innovation activities to the mainstream organisation is critical. Pursuing contextual ambidexterity, wherein instead of structural solutions, employees are empowered to divide employees' time between innovation-related and efficiency-related tasks, is more likely related to retail innovations that are incremental and operational.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the emerging topic of strategic management of innovation in retailing, by explicating how incumbent retailers can organise for innovation depending on the type of innovation that is aimed for, using organisational ambidexterity as a novel perspective.
Welding-packaged accelerometer based on metal-coated FBG

A fiber Bragg grating-based accelerometer with a fully metalized package is presented. Magnetron sputtering and electroplating techneques are successively adopted to metalize bare SiO2 fiber with a single Bragg grating. Laser welding techneque is adopted to fix the metal-coated fiber on the sensor component to obtain a fully metallized package without adhesives. Vibration test results demonstrate that the accelerometer has a flat frequency response over a 1-kHz bandwidth, with a resonance frequency of 3.6 kHz, wide linear measurement range of up to 8 g, and sensitivity of 1.7 pm/g.
Opening Pandora's Box: The Extreme Right and the Resurgence of Racism in Brazil

The emergence of Bolsonarism as a face of the extreme right in Brazil has come out of the articulation of several groups mobilized on social networks around a handful of key ideas including moral conservatism, economic liberalism, patriotism, public security, and a common enemy. Research on social networks and articles in the press shows that Bolsonarism has opened a Pandora's box, releasing behavior that combines racist antiracialism and racist racialism and that aims to dismantle the recent achievements of black and indigenous groups. A emergência do Bolsonarismo como manifestação da extrema direita no Brasil deve sua origem à articulação de vários grupos que se mobilizaram nas redes sociais em torno de um conjunto de idéias chaves que inclui um inimigo comum, um conservadorismo moral, um liberalismo econômico, o patriotismo e a segurança pública. Estudos sobre as redes sociais e artigos nos jornais mostram que o Bolsonarismo tem abrido uma caixa de Pandora, fomentando um comportamento que combina o antiracialismo racista com um racialismo racista que almeja desmontar os sucessos recentes conseguidos por grupos negros e indígenas.
Prospect of Hydroxyl Radical Exposure during Seawater Bathing to Treat Amoebic Gill Disease in Atlantic Salmon

This study aims to undertake hydroxyl (.OH) radical-based preliminary investigations with a view to utilising seawater as a viable alternative to freshwater for the treatment of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in aquaculture industries. The study presents in vitro viability studies of clonal amoebae species to examine the effects of . OH radicals on both parasites and hosts. The study also assesses the toxicity to Chinook salmon cell lines (CHSE-214) in freshwater and 35 ppt seawater via continuous dosing of 35 mM . OH radicals and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for 1.5 to 4 hr, separately at 18°C and 15°C. Comparatively high viability of CHSE-214 (60% in .OH and 50% in H2O2) for a prolonged treatment of up to 4 hr in seawater at 15°C indicates suitability of low seawater temperature while using either . OH or H2O2 during bathing. The viability of CHSE-214 remained relatively stable in seawater (55%–60% in .OH and 50%–60% in H2O2), at both temperatures of 18°C and 15°C. However, at 15°C, a drastic reduction of viability of CHSE-214 in freshwater (from 80% to 48% in .OH and from 70% to 58% in H2O2) has indicated high variations in toxicity levels in freshwater at low temperature. Using DNA staining agents in flow cytometry, the in vitro viability study results in >22.5% mortality of clonal Neoparamoeba perurans (NP), an AGD causative agent, in 35 ppt seawater containing 35 mM . OH radicals via one-off dosing for 1 hour at 15°C. In addition, fast radical consumption is more pronounced in the case of . OH radicals as compared to H2O2 in both freshwater and seawater due to extreme reactivity of the former. Hence, this study suggests that . OH radicals are detrimental to the viability of NP in seawater, and thereby, establishes grounds for further in vivo investigations of using seawater supplemented with continuous dosing of . OH radicals for Atlantic salmon bathing as a treatment of AGD.
The light yield nonproportionality component of scintillator energy resolution

The scintillator energy resolution component which is due to light yield nonproportionality has been characterized for NaI(Tl) and LSO. Results are based on a discrete convolution of measured electron response data and the electron energy distribution resulting from full-energy absorption events. The behavior of this energy resolution component as a function of energy is observed to be strongly dependent on the shape of the electron response. Furthermore, in some energy regions, the light yield nonproportionality component is observed to be larger than the resolution predicted by assuming Poisson photoelectron statistics. Characterization of this energy resolution component will facilitate deconvolution of other components from the total energy resolution.
Impact of Amyloid Polymorphism on Prion-Chaperone Interactions in Yeast

Yeast prions are protein-based genetic elements found in the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, most of which are amyloid aggregates that propagate by fragmentation and spreading of small, self-templating pieces called propagons. Fragmentation is carried out by molecular chaperones, specifically Hsp104, Hsp70, and Hsp40. Like other amyloid-forming proteins, amyloid-based yeast prions exhibit structural polymorphisms, termed “strains” in mammalian systems and “variants” in yeast, which demonstrate diverse phenotypes and chaperone requirements for propagation. Here, the known differential interactions between chaperone proteins and yeast prion variants are reviewed, specifically those of the yeast prions [PSI+], [RNQ+]/[PIN+], and [URE3]. For these prions, differences in variant-chaperone interactions (where known) with Hsp104, Hsp70s, Hsp40s, Sse1, and Hsp90 are summarized, as well as some interactions with chaperones of other species expressed in yeast. As amyloid structural differences greatly impact chaperone interactions, understanding and accounting for these variations may be crucial to the study of chaperones and both prion and non-prion amyloids.
Early Infection with Cytomegalovirus and Risk of Childhood Hematologic Malignancies

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was recently identified as a risk factor for childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia by detecting the presence of CMV sequences in neonatal blood spots. In this study, we asked whether clinically apparent CMV infection could be identified prior to hematologic malignancy, using high-quality Swedish population-based registries. Methods: CMV infection was identified with appropriate ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes in the Patient and Medical Birth Registries, and childhood malignancies below the age of 15 years were identified in the Cancer Registry, among 2,782,507 children born in Sweden 1987 to 2014. Results: Observing all CMV infections registered earlier than 6 months prior to malignancy diagnosis, an increased HR of CMV-related infections, adjusting for congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosome abnormalities, was detected for hematologic malignancies [HR, 11.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.8–21.5], but not for central nervous system tumors. Conclusions: Higher CMV incidence was detected for children ostensibly exposed through maternal CMV infection during pregnancy with the index child. Impact: The data are compatible with a congenital infection of CMV leading to increased risk of childhood hematologic malignancies, but not tumors of the central nervous system, although a cautious interpretation is warranted because of the small numbers.
A Class of Conjugate Hierarchical Priors for Gammoid Likelihoods

The class of gamma distributions is known to be the natural conjugate family of priors for gammoid likelihoods like e.g. the Poisson or exponen­ tial. This result is extended to the hierarchical case where the observations are stratified in a nested pattern. A suitatile class of priors is a hierarchical system of finite gamma mixtures with fixed scale parameters and random shape parameters. Algorithms for posterior calculations are worked out for the two-stage hierarchy with simple gamma priors.
Construction of Optimal Odd Fractional Designs in Mixed Series Experiment Using Semi Latin Square

A new technique for the construction of optimal odd fractional designs in mixed series experiment is developed. The construction begins by classifying all the experimental points in the experimental region into groups where the levels of each factor is centred at zero, thereafter the P point trial designs is formed by picking the support points from the first group to the last depending on the size of the designs using some optimality checks. The technique obtains a P-point optimal design using loss of information as an optimality Criteria. Numerical illustrations confirm the effectiveness of this technique.
The effect of a coronagraph on the statistics of Adaptive Optics Pinned Speckles

In this communication we study the statistics of Adaptive Optics remnant speckles, and we discuss how a coronagraph can defeat the noise associated with these speckles. At high Strehl Ratio regimes, residual speckles are pinned on the diffraction rings of the airy pattern. It can be shown that these speckles are due to small defaults of the wavefront, amplified by the coherent part of the wave and that the statistics of their intensity can be described by a modified Rice distribution. At low flux levels, a Poisson-Mandel transformation provides an analytical expression of the Probablility Density Function. We show the results of a numerical simulation and compare the results to the theoretical model. Simple analytical expressions can be derived for the variance of the noise. We discuss the efficiency of a coronagraph in terms of Signal to Noise Ratio, based on the analysis of the noise contributions which can be reduced by a coronagraph.