Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The roles of pitch and higher formants in the perception of vowels

SpectraI analysis of the Japanese vowels shows that the five vowels /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ of a single speaker can well be separated by their first and second formant frequencies (F 1 and F 2 ). Considerable amount of overlap is observed, however, when vowels of many speakers are plotted in the F 1 -F 2 plane, which can be ascribed mainly to differences in the size and shape of the vocal tract. A normalizing process, based presumably on higher formant frequencies, is expected in the identification of these vowels. It is not dear, however, whether concurrent changes of pitch and higher formants are necessary in the normalization process. This paper presents a method for evaluating the roles of these parameters and describes the results obtained. Perceptual boundaries between a pair of vowels, which share approximately the same ratio of F 2 to F 1 , are defined in the F 1 F 2 plane, using synthetic vowels generated by a terminal analog synthesizer. The importance of pitch and higher formants, is then evaluated by the extent to which their changes affect these boundaries. The results of listening tests show that, for ordinary buzz-excited vowels, neither pitch nor higher formants alone are sufficient for perceptual normalization, and the combined changes in pitch and higher formants are necessary to counteract the changes in F 1 and F 2 . For noise-excited vowels, on the other hand, the roles of higher formants are as important as the combined roles of pitch and higher formants in buzz-excited vowels.
Quelques repères épistémologiques pour une approche cognitive de la traduction. Application à la traduction spécialisée en biomédecine

Le present article fait etat de chercheurs et de courants de pensee cles qui pavent le chemin de nouvelles recherches en traductologie dans une perspective cognitive : Spinoza au plan philosophique, Damasio et Edelman en neurosciences, la Gestalt et les travaux de Lakoff, de Talmy et de Fauconnier en semantique cognitive. Nous en situerons les principaux concepts au sein des sciences cognitives et nous expliquerons pourquoi ils nous paraissent essentiels pour la pratique de la traduction et la traductologie. Quelques resultats tires de nos travaux sur les modes de conceptualisation en biomedecine illustreront l’approche proposee.
Observations of mass addition to the shocked solar wind of the Venusian ionosheath

Analyzed are the proton and heavy ion populations observed by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter plasma analyzer in the region downstream (11.5 Rv) of Venus. The ion energy per unit charge (E/Q) ratios for protons and heavy ions are consistent with the identification of oxygen (O+) as a prevalent constituent of the heavy ions. The speeds of the heavy ions and protons are often comparable with the number densities of the heavy ions being 1% of those of the protons. The azimuthal flow angles for the heavy ions and the protons are similar and the polar flow angles of both are usually within ±½° of the ecliptic plane. The apparent intermittent nature of the heavy ion fluxes may be an indication that erosion of the ionosphere is taking place over a limited spatial range and that the orbit of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft is such that it does not intercept the “layers” of heavy ions in a continuous manner. The efficiency of the erosion process may be time variable, e.g., dependent on external ionsheath flow conditions, the state of the ionosphere. Evidence is found of a shear layer, the presence of oxygen ions of varying speeds or of other ionospheric constituents. The heavy ion observations are consistent with a viscous interaction and several other processes that have been suggested as giving rise to the removal and acceleration of ionospheric ions. The analyses reported here may be relevant to an understanding of the plasma interactions associated with comets and Mars and perhaps even with the subsonic interaction at Io and at Titan.
Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Geologic Slip Rates, Cucamonga Fault, California, USA: Implications for Along‐Strike Applications and Multi‐Fault Rupture

To constrain fault processes and hazard, fault slip rates may be extrapolated over different fault lengths or time intervals. Here, we investigate slip rates for the Cucamonga Fault (CF). The CF is located at the junction of the Transverse Range fault system with the San Andreas and San Jacinto Faults, and it is hypothesized to connect with these faults, promoting the propagation of large, multi‐fault earthquakes. Previous work has shown that CF displacements on late Quaternary alluvial fan surfaces are highly variable along strike. We present two new 10Be surface exposure ages from depth profiles on the alluvial fans. Slip rates are consistent with a rate of 1.4 ± 0.3 m/kyr over time intervals of ∼20, ∼30, and ∼40 kyr. If the CF participates in multi‐fault ruptures, then these earthquakes occur either rarely or with sufficient regularity to maintain apparently steady rates over multiple intervals. We also explore along‐strike fault displacement variability using a calibrated morphological model. The model successfully reproduces scarp profiles and indicates that fault displacement variability can be explained in part by scarp age but not uplift rate. We infer that both erosion by ephemeral gullying and distributed deformation contribute to fault displacement variability, although both are difficult to detect confidently without excavations across the scarp. These investigations show that better characterization of cumulative‐slip variability along strike may improve accuracy and precision of slip rates. Slip rates that do not consider epistemic uncertainties may not be suitable for extrapolation over longer fault sections.
Virtual implementation in iteratively undominated strategies: complete information

The authors investigate the implementation of social choice functions that map to lotteries over alternatives. They require virtual implementation in iteratively undominated strategies. Under very weak domain restrictions, they show that if there are three or more players, any social choice function may be so implemented. The literature on implementation in Nash equilibrium and its refinements is compromised by its reliance on game forms with unnatural features (for example, "integer games") or "modulo" constructions with mixed strategies arbitrarily excluded. In contrast, the authors' results employ finite (consequently "well-behaved") mechanisms and allow for mixed strategies. Copyright 1992 by The Econometric Society.
Inequality in pre-industrial Bohemia: The city of Budweis

ABSTRACT Distributional information can shed new light on societies and their well-being, now and in the past. This article constructs historical wealth inequality statistics for Budweis, a large town in South Bohemia. Utilised data sources include rare detailed local tax censuses from 1416 and 1523 and a national tax register from 1654, as reported in the literature, further adjusted for the lowest social groups and processed to create social tables. If the underlying data are accurate, the wealth inequality Gini coefficient in 1416 was between 0.739 and 0.777. The estimated wealth share of the top 1% was 22.6% in 1416 and 14.2% in 1523, which is notably less than in the pre-industrial UK or France, as well as in the present-day Czech Republic. The findings support the notion of an egalitarian rather than individualistic pre-industrial Bohemian society.
PENGARUH MAKANAN AKIBAT TIMBULNYA ACNE VULGARIS (JERAWAT) PADA MAHASISWA MAHASISWI FK UISU TAHUN 2020

Acne vulgaris dapat muncul pada semua usia, tetapi pengaruh hormonal yang membuat acne vulgaris muncul pada masa remaja. Selain itu banyak faktor yang dapat memicu terjadinya acne vulgaris, seperti makanan, aktifitas fisik, penggunaan kosmetik, penggunaan obat dan minuman terlarang, stres, mencuci kulit wajah (kebersihan), kondisi kulit wajah, iklim/suhu/lingkungan, infeksi bakteri, dan keturunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan makanan dengan timbulnya jerawat pada mahasiswa mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran UISU. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah bersifat analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Untuk mengambil sampel dalam penelitian ini dengan mengambil data langsung dan melihat langsung dengan purposive sampling dengan jumlah 79 orang. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Frekuensi responden berdasarkan acne vulgaris, yang paling banyak adalah responden dengan acne ringan yaitu sebanyak 37 orang (46,8%), Responden berdasarkan makanan paling banyak adalah responden dengan menggunakan makanan yang buruk yaitu sebanyak 31 orang (39,2%). Uji hipotesis menggunakan uji chi square didapatkan nilai p= 0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah makanan dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya acne vulgaris. Penelitian lebih lanjut untuk pengaruh variabel lain dalam menyebabkan kejadian acne vulgaris perlu dilakukan.
On atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets and plasma bullets

Atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets (APNP-Js), which generate plasma in open space rather than in a confined discharge gap, have recently been a topic of great interest. In this paper, the development of APNP-Js will be reviewed. Firstly, the APNP-Js are grouped based on the type of gas used to ignite them and their characteristics are discussed in detail. Secondly, one of the most interesting phenomena of APNP-Js, the ‘plasma bullet’, is discussed and its behavior described. Thirdly, the very recent developments on the behavior of plasma jets when launched in a controlled environment and pressure are also introduced. This is followed by a discussion on the interaction between plasma jets. Finally, perspectives on APNP-J research are presented.
On stability of cellular neural networks with delay

It is known that symmetric cellular neural networks (CNNs) are completely stable. It is shown that CNNs with delay (DCNNs), though symmetric, can become unstable if the delay is suitably chosen: actually such networks can exhibit periodic cycles. Moreover, a sufficient condition is presented to ensure complete stability: such a condition establishes a relation between the delay time and the parameters of the network. >
Compradors as part of TCC: The case of Serbia

In the first part of the article, the theoretical framework is given, and the economic and political reasons are presented as to why Serbia can be considered an "informal", "structural" or "postmodern" colony. The standard method is explained of extracting surplus from the (semi)periphery countries of the world capitalist system and, in this respect, the example of Serbia is used to shows what one of the key comprador functions is. The second part of the article provides an overview of the viewpoints of social scientists in Serbia who applied the concept of the comprador bourgeoisie (or comprador elite) as part of the global class structure to contemporary Serbian society. Some conceptual dilemmas are also considered, as well as the possibility of further theoretical and empirical research of this issue in Serbian sociology.
Large signal integration formula based on truncated Fourier series

A new integration method for highly oscillating circuits has been proposed. The method is based on using finite (truncated) Fourier series for the representation of signals. Nonlinear transformations are implemented in two phases: harmonic linearization using only one sine wave in phase space, and general Chebyshev transformation of waveforms to return into the true time domain. The properties of integration procedure and non-linear transformation are studied.
An adaptive technique for robust diagnosis of faults with independent effects on system outputs

In this paper, Fault Detection and diagnosis (FDD) of faults with independent effect on system outputs by using the adaptive observer technique are investigated. At first, a class of linear systems without model uncertainty is considered. Then, a general situation where the system is subjected to either model errors or external disturbance is discussed. Robust adaptive control techniques are applied to guarantee convergence of certain signals to residual sets. An extension to FDD for a class of non-linear systems with non-linear fault function is extensively investigated. The novelty of this paper is that the strict positive realness (SPR) requirement on the plant transfer function in existing results is removed at the expense of requiring the existence of a positive definite solution to a certain matrix inequality. Furthermore, the problems of stabilization and robust stabilization by fault-tolerant control (FTC) and robust FTC are studied respectively, and faulttolerant controllers are designed to stabilize the close-loop systems. An aircraft example and a numerical example are included to verify the applicability of the proposed diagnosis methods.
The electrical properties of polycrystalline silicon films

Boron doses of 1×1012–5×1015/cm2 were implanted at 60 keV into 1‐μm‐thick polysilicon films. After annealing at 1100 °C for 30 min, Hall and resistivity measurements were made over a temperature range −50–250 °C. It was found that as a function of doping concentration, the Hall mobility showed a minimum at about 2×1018/cm3 doping. The electrical activation energy was found to be about half the energy gap value of single‐crystalline silicon for lightly doped samples and decreased to less than 0.025 eV at a doping of 1×1019/cm3. The carrier concentration was very small at doping levels below 5×1017/cm3 and increased rapidly as the doping concentration was increased. At 1×1019/cm3 doping, the carrier concentration was about 90% of the doping concentration. A grain‐boundary model including the trapping states was proposed. Carrier concentration and mobility as a function of doping concentration and the mobility and resistivity as a function of temperature were calculated from the model. The theoretical and ex.
Vortex-induced vibrations of a long flexible circular cylinder

In an experimental study of the vortex-induced oscillations of a long flexible circular cylinder, the observed stationary amplitudes describe an hysteresis loop partially different from earlier studies. Each branch of the loop is associated with a vortex shedding mode and, as a jump from one branch to the other occurs, the phase difference between the cylinder displacement and the vortex shedding undergoes an abrupt change. The critical flow velocities at which the jump occurs concur with the flow visualization observations of Williamson & Roshko (1988) on the vortex shedding modes near the fundamental synchronization region. Impulsive regimes, obtained at a given flow velocity with the cylinder initially at rest or pre-excited, and progressive regimes resulting from a variation of the flow velocity, are examined. The occurrence of bifurcations is detected for a flow velocity range in the case of the impulsive regimes. The coordinates of the bifurcations define a boundary between two vortex shedding modes, a boundary that verifies the critical curve obtained by Williamson & Roshko (1988). The experimental set-up of this study simulates half the wavelength of a vibrating cable, eliminates the end effects present in oscillating rigid cylinder set-up and has one of the lowest damping ratios reported for the study of this phenomenon.
Using Astronomy as a Vehicle for Science Education

Abstract Recent history in South Africa has created unique problems in many areas. As a result of an unequal educational structure, particularly in science, there is a general lack of science literacy and awareness. Some years ago the South African Astronomical Observatory started a Science Education Initiative as a contribution to addressing this problem by using astronomy as a vehicle to stimulate an interest in science amongst teachers and students. This programme was given a boost by the South African government in 1998 and the construction of the Southern African Large Telescope will provide further stimulus to the Science Education Initiative.
Design of Delayed Reference Controllers for Simultaneous Path Tracking and Active Vibration Damping of Multi-degree-of-freedom Linear Systems

This paper presents an innovative non-time-based control strategy for the simultaneous path tracking and active vibration damping of multi-degree-of-freedom linear systems. The fundamental difference between the proposed scheme, and those that have already appeared in literature, is that it allows keeping the coordinated motion of different actuators. In other words, the use of such a scheme guarantees that a desired path in space is accurately followed while suppressing the undesired vibrational effects. The control strategy consists in actively suppressing the undesired vibrations by suitably changing the path reference for the system. Such a result can be achieved by making the path reference for the system be a function of an action reference parameter rather than just the time. The reference parameter depends on time and on a variable which plays the role of a time delay. The latter is computed on the fly, on the basis of the measured vibration. A cascade control structure is obtained, where no specific position controllers or actuators are to be employed in the inner loop.The theory developed is demonstrated through numerical simulations by applying it to the vibration and path tracking control of a four-degrees-of-freedom two-mass system.
Some experimental studies of vortex rings

A series of experiments designed to reveal the properties of high Reynolds number vortex rings, using flow-visualization and laser-Doppler techniques, has uncovered several interesting and unexpected results. Starting at the beginning of the motion, at a nozzle, and proceeding downstream, these include the following. A formation process that is strongly Reynolds number dependent. The amount of vorticity that appears downstream is very close to that predicted by a simple ‘slug’ model. However flow-visualization studies show that such a model is an oversimplification and that an excess of ring vorticity is probably cancelled by the ingestion of vorticity of opposite sign at the nozzle lip. (iii) A new, bimodal form of vortex-core instability has been observed at moderate but not high Reynolds numbers. Azimuthal inhomogeneities in the breaking of these, and the normal instability waves, create an ‘axial’ flow along the vortex core in the turbulent ring. This axial flow takes the form of a propagating wave that has many characteristics of a solitary wave. It is hypothesized that this axial flow prevents further ring instability. The long-term behaviour of the turbulent ring is marked by dramatic changes in its growth rate, which are probably related to changes in the ‘organization’ of the vortex core. The descriptive turbulent-ring model developed in Maxworthy (1974) is substantially confirmed by these experiments and by observation of ring propagation through a stratified ambient fluid.
Dual-channel broadband slow surface plasmon polaritons in metal gap waveguide superlattices

We propose and demonstrate a kind of low-loss plasmonic superlattice with a few coupled resonant cavities to realize dual-channel broadband slow surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) around two telecom wavelengths of 1550 nm and 1310 nm. The dual-channel slow SPPs result from the introduction of two kinds of coupled cavities into the superlattices. Theoretical analysis is confirmed by the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) numerical simulations. Our structures offer another avenue for researchers to explore novel slow SPP technologies and thereby may inspire further exploration of advanced photonic devices for next-generation telecommunication, optical data processing, and on-chip integration.
Computing an optimum direction in control space to avoid stable node bifurcation and voltage collapse in electric power systems

Given a load power forecast, the sensitivity with respect to controls of a load power margin measuring proximity to voltage collapse is computed. The computation is simple enough to contribute to the practical planning and control of a power system to avoid voltage collapse blackouts. The computation applies to avoiding saddle node bifurcation instability of a general dynamical system. >
Universal transmitter for wireless and optical access converged networks

The integration of ultra-wideband (UWB)-over- ber into passive optical network (PON) is of great interest as it bene ts the high bandwidth capability from optical network technologies and the high exibility from wireless network technologies. The later can only be done with a reasonable cost when a universal optical transmitter, which is capable of generation both UWB and PON signals, is available. Direct modulation of semiconductor laser was demonstrated to be suitable for high bit-rate PON systems, however the generation of UWB signals by this technique is still challenging. Using the chirp properties of directly modulated semiconductor lasers, UWB signals are generated. Di erent UWB signal waveforms and polarities are obtained. The received electrical spectra conform to the requirements of indoor UWB systems.
The Identification of Pulsation Modes of High‐Amplitude δ Scuti Stars in ω Centauri and the Carina Galaxy

We analyze photometric observations of high‐amplitude δ Scuti stars (HADS) in the globular cluster ω Cen and the Carina galaxy. The pulsation modes of the HADS are inferred primarily from their positions in V, log P diagrams. For ω Cen we identify nine fundamental pulsators (F), 22 first‐overtone (1, O), one second‐overtone (2, O), and probably two third‐overtone (3, O) stars. The majority of the F pulsators have light amplitudes ΔV≥0.15 mag, but two have ΔV<0.15 mag. Four of the 1, O pulsators have ΔV>0.15 mag, but the majority have smaller amplitudes. We find that the F pulsators tend to have more asymmetric light curves. The Carina variables are all large‐amplitude variables. Fourteen are F pulsators and six are 1, O pulsators. At least one and possibly two 1, O stars appear to have asymmetric light curves unlike those found in ω Cen. The data are very uncertain, so the asymmetry may be an artifact of observational uncertainty. The HADS data along with their P‐L relation are utilized to find the distances to ω Cen and the Carina galaxy and absolute magnitudes of their horizontal branches (HB) or RR Lyrae stars. We find the distances to be d = 6370 pc to ω Cen and d = 124,000 pc to the Carina galaxy. The Mv(RR)‐values for the ω Cen RR Lyrae stars are Mv(RR) = 0.14 (Oost II variables) and Mv(RR) = 0.28 (Oost I stars); Mv(HB) = 0.29 for the Carina galaxy.
Effect of Nano-Clay and Jute Varieties on the Structural, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Polyester Composite

ABSTRACT Two varieties of jute fiber, tossa (Corchorus olitorius) and white (Corchorus capsularis), were combined with nano-clay (montmorillonite clay) modified polyester to fabricate composites using the hand lay-up method. The goal was to examine the impact of nano-clay on structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. The two types of jute fibers were first treated with NaOH, and the polyester was then modified with montmorillonite nano-clay (1, 2, 3) (wt%). Finally, 30 cm long unidirectional fibers were used to fabricate a composite (fiber volume fraction is 19.3%). Accordingly, the structural (crystallinity), mechanical, and thermal properties of the composite were examined using the XRD, UTM, and TGA apparatus. Regarding crystallinity, treating the tossa jute fiber and its composite with nano-clay demonstrated improved crystallinity indices of 75.24% and 75.52%. The Tossa jute fiber composite treated with 1% nano-clay exhibits an increased tensile strength of 97.8805 MPa, which is 10.92% higher than the treated fiber without NC, and a flexural strength of 159.79 MPa, which is 3.12% higher than the treated fiber without NC). In comparison to white jute composite, the treated tossa jute fiber composite showed improved thermal stability; the addition of 3% nano-clay also demonstrated higher thermal stability. The use of modified polyester in composites along with nano-clay produces better outcomes in every way.