Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Footnotes to organizational competitiveness 1

: The aim of this paper is to enhance our understanding of evolution of the concept of competitiveness: how it developed and changed over time. The intention is to review three theoretical and practical reasons that explains why it remains such an important and elusive concept in the same time. First, competitive advantage in particular area or activity will always coexist with relative competitive disadvantage of an organization. Second, organizations can attain competitive advantage in many different ways, also by luck, and it is very difficult empirically to differentiate one from another. Third, many of the complications in studies of organizational competitiveness are results of growing multidimensionality, complexity and fuzziness of organization-environment relationships.
A fully automated data reduction pipeline for the FRODOSpec integral field spectrograph

A fully autonomous data reduction pipeline has been developed for FRODOSpec, an optical fibre-fed integral field spectrograph currently in use at the Liverpool Telescope. This paper details the process required for the reduction of data taken using an integral field spectrograph and presents an overview of the computational methods implemented to create the pipeline. Analysis of errors and possible future enhancements are also discussed (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stick-Slip Effect in a Vibration- Driven System With Dry Friction: Sliding Bifurcations and Optimization systems can move progressively in resistive media owing to periodic

motions of internal masses. In consideration of the external dry friction forces, the system is piecewise smooth and has been shown to exhibit different types of stick-slip motions. In this paper, a vibration-driven system with Coulomb dry friction is investigated in terms of sliding bifurcation. A two-parameter bifurcation problem is theoretically analyzed and the corresponding bifurcation diagram is presented, where branches of the bifurcation are derived in view of classical mechanics. The results show that these sliding bifurcations organize different types of transitions between slip and sticking motions in this system. The bifurcation diagram and the predicted stick-slip transitions are verified through numerical simulations. Considering the effects of physical parameters on average steadystate velocity and utilizing the sticking feature of the system, optimization of the system is performed. Better performance of the system with no backward motion and higher average steady-state velocity can be achieved, based on the proposed optimization procedures. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4025747]
CASE SDUDY AND REPORT

: The tremendous increase in the use of internet has lead towards the need of systems that support wide variety of media. As a result of this requirement for large type of media has given rise to many challenges in the storage, retrieval and presentation of such large amount of data. Along with these challenges, the size of data also goes on increasing, it becomes more and more complex and thus increasing the maintenance overhead. In this paper, we present a comparative study of the existing Q uery Retrieval techniques in Multimedia Databases. We analyze briefly the Content based retrieval approach , as well as propose a brief comparison of this technique with the other two retrieval techniques namely Semantic based retrieval and Keyword based retrieval, focusing mainly on audio and video data. This analysis will therefore conclude the better approach towards multimed ia data retrieval.
INVESTIGATION OF THREE E.COLI SEROGROUPS (APEC) ISOLATED FROM FERTILE EGGS OF COMMERCIAL CHICKEN IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF SYRIA

E.coli bacteria has been isolated from a total of two hundred one day old fertile eggs of commercial meat type chicken from poultry farms in the southern region of Syria (Daraa and Souweida) by taking samples from the eggshells and yolks. Eggs were not subjected to cleaning and sterilization. So, we obtained 94% isolates from Daraa eggshell samples and 92% isolates from Souweida but all yolk samples were found free of E.coli bacteria. The motility of all isolates as one of the virulence factors were tested and found that 94.6% from Souweida isolates and 94.7% from Daraa isolates were motile. The hemolysis, as another virulence factor, was tested in all isolates and we found that 94.6% of Souweida isolates were hemolytic and 76.1% of them were type beta (entirely hemolytic), but in Daraa 95.7% of the isolates were hemolytic and 72.3% of them were type beta. Isolates were serotyped by agglutination test with a specific antisera of somatic antigen to the three serogroups O1, O2 and O78 which are considered from the most prevalent and pathogenic serogroups in poultry farms. A percentage of 74.5% and 79.3% from the isolates of Daraa and Souweida, respectively were belonged to the three tested serogroups.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate binds to receptors on internal organelles, triggering calcium release from stores and elevation o

CHEMICAL TWO-PHOTON UNCAGING OF IP3 Dmitry V. Sarkisov, Shari E. Gelber, Jeffery W. Walker, and Samuel S. -H. Wang Departments of Physics and Molecular Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey USA 08544. Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Cornell Weill Medical Center, New York, New York USA 10021. Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin USA 53706. Running Title: Double-caged IP3 as a probe for spine calcium release Address correspondence to: Samuel Wang, Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey USA 08544. Tel (609) 258-0388, FAX (609) 258-1028; E-mail: sswang@princeton.edu
17956 Glucose Metabolism in Photoreceptor Outer Segments

Glucose metabolism in the photoreceptor rod outer segment produces both ATP (GTP) and NADPH to support phototransduction and NADPH-requiring processes in this organelle. Glycolysis in isolated bovine rod outer segments produces 44.0 = 6.4 nmol of ATP/midmg of protein or 5.7 mM ATP/min. This rate of ATP production is more than sufficient to maintain the basal rate of cGMP synthesis (0.86 nm cGMP/min) in the dark requiring 1.7 mM ATP/min. Following photoexcitation, the 4.5fold increase in the turnover of cGMP requires an ATP synthesis rate of up to 7.7 nm ATP/min (Ames, A, Walseth, T. F., Heyman, R. A., Barad, M., Graeff, R. M., and Goldberg, N. D. (1986) J. BioZ. Chern. 261, 13034-13042). Under these conditions the rate of ATP production by glycolysis as measured in isolated rod outer segments is not sufficient for the regeneration of cGMP. Additional energy is most likely provided by the phosphocreatine shuttle which transports high energy phosphate groups in the form of creatine phosphate from the rod inner segment to the rod outer segment for conversion to ATP. The hexose monophosphate pathway in bovine rod outer segments can produce up to 39.8 +: 2.2 nmol of NADPWmidmg of protein. This rate of NADPH production is sufficient to support both the reduction of retinal to retinol (1.2 * 0.2 nmol of NADPWmidmg of protein) following the photobleaching of rhodopsin and glutathione reduction (1.1 0.1 nmol of NADPWmidmg of protein) for the protection of rod outer segments from oxidative damage. These studies provide insight into the contribution of anaerobic glycolysis and the hexose monophosphate pathway in providing energy and nucleotides for phototransduction and other outer segment processes.
Distributed High Performance WEB CRAWLERS

: Single crawlers are no longer sufficient to run on the web efficiently as explosive growth of the web pages. So, distributed crawlers come into the picture. Here we present a distributed high performance crawler which is used for crawling internet web pages. In that List Server, Crawler Manager and Crawlers are there. At the crawler side Yioop! is going to be used. Yioop! is php search engine which produces the index of web page. List Server is useful for maximizing the efficiency. The Crawler Manager can easily communicate with the different List Server. Likewise, the system will work like focused crawler as well as distributed crawler. The architecture of the system and the function of every module are described in detail which can be extended to other fields easily.
The gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential

The microbiome and cardiovascular disease: current knowledge and clinical potential. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 317: disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. The human body is populated by a diverse community of microbes, dominated by bacteria, but also including viruses and fungi. The largest and most complex of these communities is located in the gastrointestinal system and, with its associated genome, is known as the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome perturbations and related dysbiosis have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Although there have been advances in the characterization and analysis of the gut microbiota and associated bacterial metabolites, the exact mechanisms through which they exert their action are not well understood. This review will focus on the role of the gut microbiome and associated functional components in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Potential treatments to alter the gut microbiome to prevent or treat atherosclerosis and CVD are also discussed.
Turing Instability Leads Oscillatory Systems to Spatiotemporal Chaos

We present that Turing instability can lead oscillatory reaction-diﬀusion (RD) systems to spatiotemporal chaos instead of spatially periodic steady states. Similar onset of spatiotemporal chaos was discovered in an equation describing seismic waves. We demonstrate that the seismic equation can be derived from a certain class of oscillatory RD systems in the neighborhood of a codimension-two Turing–Benjamin-Feir point. Also, we show numerical studies of reduced equations and discuss robustness of this spatiotemporal chaos.
Ionization and Heating of a Low Density Plasma by Energetic Par- ticles

The ionization and thermal equilibria of a gas with cosmic abundances heated by energetic particles were calculated in the range of temperature 10/sup 2/ to 10/sup 8/ deg K and in the range of number density 1 to 10/sup 8/ cm/sup -3/ . The elements considered were H, He, C, N, 0, Ne, Mg, Si, and S. The cooling rates and line intensities of astrophysical interest are given as functions of temperature and total density. The reabsorption of the photons emitted by hydrogen and helium influences strongly the line intensities. (auth)
Arboreal adventure: A cross curricular unit on trees

An Arboreal Adventure is a multi-disciplinaiy,thematic unit which offers to students hands-on learning related to a Variety oftrees,in order that they may gain a broader appreciation ofthe natural environment and perspective on the interdependence ofall living things. The curriculum covers the subject areas oflanguage arts, including reading, writing, and poetry; mathematics,including measurement, averages, ratios, proportions, and area ofrectangles, triangles, and squares; science; and social studies. The unit can be taught for two to three weeksfor students in grades six to eight. Ifthe unit is taught as part ofthe middle school philosophy set forth in Caught in theMiddle(California Department ofEducation, 1987),each curricular area can be taught in approximately one week bythe respective subject area teachers.
Phosphorylation of the activation loop tyrosine 823 in c-Kit is crucial for cell survival and proliferation*

Background: Phosphorylation of Y823 in the A-loop of c-Kit is not required for kinase activity but might have other functions. Results: Mutation of Y823 in c-Kit causes alterations in downstream signaling and a reduction in ligand-dependent cell survival and proliferation. Conclusion: Phosphorylation of Y823 regulates c-Kit stability. Significance: This provides a function for the activation loop tyrosine of c-Kit. labeled with Alexa Fluor 647 and analyzed by flow cytometry. B, Viable cells were counted by trypan blue exclusion method C , cells were labeled with annexin V and 7-aminoactinomycin D, and living cells were measured by flow cytometry. IL-3 was used as a positive control. Quantification of labeled cells was obtained with FloJo software and results from three independent experiments were statistically analysed using GraphPad Prism, ns , not significant, ** p<0.01 p
Classification of Herbicides by Site of Action for Weed Resistance Management Strategies

A classification of herbicides according to their sites of action was developed to help maintain the usefulness of herbicides as a tool in crop production to delay the selection of herbicide-resistant weeds. The classification includes a numbering system for the site of action, the chemical family, and the common name of the herbicide. The United States of America trade name and package mixes also are included.
Rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance in Arabidopsis

: Selected strains of rhizosphere bacteria have been shown to reduce disease by activating a resistance mechanism in the plant called rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance (ISR). ISR resembles pathogen-induced systemic acquired resistance (SAR), in that both types of induced resistance render uninfected plant parts more resistant towards a broad spectrum of pathogens. The spectrum of effectiveness of ISR and SAR largely overlaps but is also partly divergent. In contrast to SAR, ISR induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417r is independent of salicylic acid (SA) and PR gene activation. Instead, ISR follows a signaling pathway in which components from the jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) response are successively engaged to trigger a defense reaction that, like SAR, is controlled by the regulatory factor NPRI. To investigate the role of JA and ET in ISR, their production was monitored in ISR-expressing plants. Neither JA nor ET production changed upon induction of ISR. From this we postulate that ISR is mediated via an increase in the plants sensitivity to JA and ET. This is supported by the potentiated expression of the JA-inducible gene AtVSP observed in challenged, ISR-expressing plants. Moreover, preliminary results indicate that the ACC oxidase activity is enhanced in ISR-expressing plants, providing a greater potential to produce ET upon challenge. In our search for ISR-related genes we identified two genes that show altered expression upon induction of ISR: the JA-inducible gene AtVSP, which shows an enhanced level of expression in challenged, ISR-expressing plants, and a root-specific, ET-inducible thaumatin-like gene, which is activated upon colonization of the roots with ISR-inducing rhizobacteria. Moreover, we identified a locus (ISR I) on chromosome 3 that controls the expression of ISR. Arabidopsis genotypes that are affected in this locus are also less sensitive to ET. Together, these data confirm the important role of JA and ET in ISR signaling. Cross-talk between SA- and JA-dependent pathways can result in inhibition of JA-mediated defense responses. For instance, chemical agents that activate the SAR pathway, e.g. SA and benzothiadiazole (BTH), can affect the JA-dependent wound response, which plays a role in defense against insects. We investigated possible antagonistic interactions between the SAR pathway and the ISR pathway. Simultaneous activation of SAR and ISR in Arabidopsis resulted in an additive effect on the level of induced protection against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. In Arabidopsis genotypes that are blocked in either SAR or ISR, this additive effect was not evident. Moreover, induction of ISR did not affect the expression of the SAR marker gene PR-I in plants expressing SAR. Together, these observations demonstrate that the SAR and the ISR pathway are compatible and that there is no significant cross-talk between these pathways. Therefore, combining SAR and ISR provides an attractive tool for the improvement of disease control. etr1-1 npr1-1 jar1-1
Identify the bugs from Software using the Supervised algorithms

: Software Bug Detection (SBD) is the critical concern in the field of the software development process. Because if we can identify the errors in the software in the initial phase that will help to enhance the quality and efficiency of the software. But to implement such software is the main challenge and that’s why we need to analyze multiple machine learning algorithms from time to time. Multiple classifiers includes Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, KNN and many other relevant algorithms. Thus, we need to check the accuracy obtained and need to consider the most accurate one in consideration. The results, we observed will show the most accurate results of the prediction.
Engineering Er3+ placement and emission through chemically-synthesized self-aligned SiC:Ox nanowire photonic crystal structures

High precision placement and integration of color centers in a silicon-based nanosystem, such as a nanowire (NW) array, exhibiting high integration functionality and high photoluminescence (PL) yield can serve as a critical building block towards the practical realization of devices in the emerging field of quantum technologies. Herein, we report on an innovative synthesis route for realizing ultrathin silicon carbide (SiC) NW arrays doped with and without oxygen (SiC:Ox), and also erbium (Er). The arrays of the deterministically positioned NWs are grown in a self-aligned manner through chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD). A key enabler of this synthesis route is that SiC:Ox NW photonic crystal (PC) nanostructures are engineered with tailored geometry in precise locations during nanofabrication. These ultrathin NW PC structures not only facilitate the on-demand positioning of Er3+ ions but are pivotal in engineering the emission properties of these color centers. Through a combinational and systematic micro-PL (uPL) and power-dependence PL (PDPL) spectroscopy, PC architecture geometry effects on Er3+-related 1538 nm emission, which is the telecommunication wavelength used in optical fibers, were studied. Approximately 60-fold and 30-fold enhancements for, respectively, the room-temperature Er3+ PL emission and lifetime in the NW PC sample were observed compared to its thin-film analog. Furthermore, the 1538 nm emission in SiC:Ox NW PC was found to be modulated linearly with the PC lattice periodicity of the structure. The observed characteristics reveal the efficient Er3+-emission extraction from the technologically-friendly SiC:Ox NW PC structures.
Evolution of stars : the photospheric abundance connection : proceedings of the 145th Symposium of the International Astronomical Union, held in Zlatni Pjasaci (Golden Sands), Bulgaria, August 27-31, 1990

Setting The Stage. - Elements in the Cosmos: Origin of the Light Elements. - Chemical Evolution of Galaxies: Abundance Trends and Implications. - Supernova Abundance Generation. - Limitations of Stellar Abundance Determinations. - Model Atmospheres and Chemistry. - The Lower Main Sequence. - Solar Abundances: the Reference System. - Mixing due to Angular Momentum Transfer in Evolving Sun-like Stars. - Lithium and Beryllium in Main Sequence Stars. - The Fm-Am stars: Observed Anomalies. - Diffusion, Meridional Circulation and Mass Loss in Main Sequence and Horizontal Branch Stars. - The Upper Main Sequence. - The CNO-cycle Elements in Atmospheres of B-type Main Sequence Stars. - Non Magnetic Anomalous Stars: The HgMn Stars -A Review of Elemental Abundances. - Magnetic Ap Stars: Evolutionary Status and Abundance Anomalies. - Spectroscopy and Geography of Magnetic Ap Stars: Implications for Structure. - Intermediate He Rich Stars. - Are There Normal Upper Main Sequence Stars: ? Bootis. - The Giants. - Abundances in Wolf-Rayet Stars, LBVs and OBN Stars. - The Chemical Composition of the Wolf-Rayet Envelopes. - Chemical Abundances and Models of WR Stars and Blue Supergiants. - CNO Abundances of Stars Undergoing First Dredge Up Mixing. - [Fe/H] Ratios in Population II Stars. - The Agb. - Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars: Thermal Pulses, Carbon Production, and Dredge Up Neutron Sources and s-process Nucleosynthesis. - On Low Mass AGB Stars. - A Brief Review of the s-process of Nucleosynthesis. - The Chemical Composition of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars - The s-process. - Technetium in Stellar Atmospheres. - Turbulence and the Lithium Abundance in Giants and Main-Sequence Disk and Halo Stars. - Chemical Composition of Post-AGB Stars. - Horizontal Branch Stars and Binaries. - Binarity and Abundance Anomalies in Stars. - Atmospheres and Abundances of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars and Related Objects. - The Planetary Nebulae. - Photospheric Abundances in Central Stars of Planeteray Nebulae, and Evolutionary Implications. - Stellar Mixing from Galactic and Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae Abundances. - White Dwarfs. - Pre-White Dwarf Evolution through Planetary Nebulae. - Abundance Patterns in White Dwarfs. - Successes and Challenges of the Theory of White Dwarf Spectral Evolution. - Stratification in White Dwarf Atmospheres. - Concluding Remarks. - Concluding Remarks (I). - The Abundance Connection - The View from the Trenches. - Some Closing Thoughts. - List of Participants.
Chinese ICT and Smart City Initiatives in Kenya

T here are many threads of discourse in Africa-China relations, inspired by growing flows of investment, trade, and aid. One important consideration in the budding relationships between African states and China is the adoption of digital infrastructure and surveillance technologies.1 Many experts have argued that China’s intentions are to garner access to African developing markets while also allowing Beijing a “backdoor” through which to secure access to data. Thus, research and media coverage have focused disproportionately on Chinese reasons and incentives in the proliferation of information and communications technology (ICT) and surveillance technology, but little systematic attention has focused on the multiple uses, properties, and applications of these digital tools in local environments. For this reason, this essay seeks to critically examine some of the more familiar preoccupations about the exportation of Chinese governance and surveillance technologies to Africa in the process of developing countries’ ICT infrastructure and smart cities. The essay chiefly brings to the fore the local factors that contribute to the growing use of Chinese digital infrastructure in Kenya. There is limited analytical research on the spread of Chinese digital infrastructure and its consequences for African local environments and actors. Accordingly, the essay seeks to examine the growing use of Chinese-produced digital infrastructure in Kenya and its consequences. It focuses attention on the often-neglected details of Chinese operations and local smart city initiatives.