Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skrining Fitokimia Beberapa Fraksi Klroform dari Daun Lantana Camara Linn.

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan skirining fitokimia terhadap beberapa fraksi ekstrak kloroform daun L.camara Linn. Ekstrak kloroform diperoleh dari hasil partisi dengan metode ekstraksi padat cair ekstrak metanol. Fraksinasi terhadap ekstrak kloroform daun L.camara Linn. dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan adsorben silika gel G 60, eluen campuran etil asetat dan n-heksana. Setiap fraksi dikontrol dengan kromatografi lapis tipis, dan fraksi yang memiliki pola kromatogram dengan harga Rf yang mirip dikelompokkan menjadi satu sebagai fraksi gabungan. Terhadap masing-masing fraksi dilakukan skirining fitokimia dengan menggunakan reagen pereaksi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan pada ekstrak kloroform adanya senyawa triterpeniod, steroid dan flavonoid. Triterpenoid dan steroid dengan indikasi kuat pada fraksi nonpolar, flavonoid pada fraksi polar dengan indikasi sedang dan tidak terdeteksi adanya alakloid. Kata kunci : lantana, skrining fitokimia ABSTRACT Skirining phytochemicals have been conducted on the some fraction of the chloroform extract of leaves L.camara Linn. Chloroform extract obtained from the partition with solid liquid extraction method from methanol extract. Fractionation of the chloroform extract performed by column chromatography using silica gel G60 as adsorbent, eluent a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Each faction is controlled by thin layer chromatography, and the fraction which has a pattern of the chromatogram with similar Rf are grouped as a combined fraction. The skirining phytochemical on the fractions using reagent. The results found in the chloroform extract there are triterpeniod, steroids and flavonoids. Triterpenoids and steroids with strong indications in nonpolar fraction, flavonoids in the polar fraction and alkalod not was detected. Keywords : lantana, phytochemical screening
Form of the Nitrogen Source Affects the Response of the Two Congeneric Rumex Species to Phosphorus Nutrition in The Nile Delta Coast

Phosphorus and nitrogen are limiting plant nutrients in young and old weathered soils, respectively. We investigated the N × P interaction on performance of Rumex dentatus and R. pictus . Plants were grown on washed sand and supplied with 11 mM N either as nitrate or ammonium and 0.01, 0.15, 0.40, 1.0 and 1.5 mM P. Rumex , particularly R. dentatus , preferred nitrate over ammonium as N source. Nitrate nutrition favored succulence of R. dentatus but the reverse was true in R. pictus. The optimum P supply of Rumex spp. under nitrate (0.4 mM) was lower than that under ammonium nutrition (1.5 mM P). R. dentatus exhibited less number of leaves but longer and wider blades compared with R. pictus . Allocation of plant biomass to root was favored under ammonium nutrition and P deficiency, particularly in R. pictus . Increasing P supply increased Chl a and carotenoid concentrations but reduced Chl b concentration. Soluble sugars were higher under nitrate nutrition compared with ammonium only in R. pictus , with limited effect of P supply. The higher proline concentration under ammonium compared with nitrate nutrition and under P deficiency is not a consequence of impaired protein synthesis and suggests that ammonium might be stressful, particularly to R. dentatus . Only in R. dentatus , nitrate nutrition led to higher phenolic concentration and DPPH scavenging activity but to lower malondialdehyde content relative to ammonium. Increasing P supply increased phenolic concentration and DPPH scavenging activity but reduced malondialdehyde content. The concentrations of K+ and Na+ in the shoot were non-significantly affected by the form of N but exhibited marked genotypic variability in favor of R . dentatus. Increasing P supply non-significantly affected shoot K+ concentration but reduced Na+ concentration. Shoot nitrogen concentration was higher in R . dentatus than R. pictus and under nitrate over ammonium nutrition only in R. pictus. The increase in P supply increased P concentration particularly in the ammonium-fed plants. Phosphorus concentration of the shoot was significantly higher in R. pictus than R. dentatus under ammonium nutrition but the reverse was true under nitrate nutrition.
Developing a Land Continuous Variable Estimator to Generate Daily Land Products From Landsat Data

Generating spatially and temporally consistent biophysical products at the global scale from Landsat data for monitoring and assessing surface change dynamics remains a challenge. This article presents an inversion framework called Land continuous Variable Estimator (LoVE)–Landsat for estimating a group of spatiotemporal continuous land surface variables with daily temporal resolution from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 top-of-atmosphere (TOA) data. LoVE–Landsat adopts a data assimilation approach originally developed for coarse-resolution satellite data, such as Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Major improvements to the approach include constructing empirical dynamic equations based on MODIS retrievals and other ancillary information, developing an artificial neural networks (ANN)-based emulator of the coupled radiative transfer (RT) model of atmosphere and land surface (vegetation, soil, and snow) as the observation operator, and designing a hybrid four-dimensional variational (4DVar) and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation algorithm. The approach starts with generating the initial cloud-free regularly distributed (every 16 days) time series of Landsat data. The 4DVar is then used to assimilate clear-sky snow-free Landsat TOA observations over one year into the empirical dynamic evolution models of the land surface variables (e.g., leaf area index—LAI). The EnKF is then used to further adjust the state vector at the actual Landsat acquisition times. After determining a core set of variables (e.g., LAI), other variables, such as broadband albedo, emissivity, and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), are calculated by the coupled RT model. Several experimental cases are presented to demonstrate that the proposed LoVE–Landsat framework is effective to estimate daily land surface variables.
Contribution of the Optimization of Financial Structure to the Real Economy: Evidence from China’s Financial System Using TVP-VAR Model

How the financial structure promotes the development of real economy has always been a research topic in academia. By analyzing the characteristics of China’s financial system, this paper constructs the Finance Structure Index (FSI) from the perspectives of structural efficiency, financing structure and industry structure, and interprets the trend of the FSI. Based on the quarterly data of China from 2004 to 2020, this paper constructs a time-varying parameter-vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) model to study the dynamic impact of finance structure on the growth and optimization of the structure of the real economy. The empirical analysis results show that the response of the real economy has time-varying characteristics. Early on, financial structure has a promotion effect on the scale of the real economy, but the impact on the structure is not clear. In the middle, the effect of promoting the scale decreases slightly and then rebounds rapidly, while the optimization of the structure is inhibited. Later, it has a significant promoting effect and an obvious time-lag effect. Moreover, the impact of the financial structure is unstable. It is necessary to improve the efficiency and quality of the transmission of the optimization of the financial structure to the real economy.
Resilience of humification process to evaluate soil recovery in a semiarid agroecosystem of central Argentina .

Resilience has become a key concept in agricultural management for sustaining soil quality and preventing soil degradation. Land use is a factor that affects soil organic matter (SOM) concentration, distribution and dynamics. In consequence, several recovery practices have been proposed in order to maintain or enhance SOM contents in agroecosystems, such as zero soil disruption (no-till), farm enclosures and crop rotation. We evaluated the efficiency of recovery practices (after a 5-yr period) in reversing SOM losses in a Typic Haplustoll of the central semiarid region of Argentina. A comparative assessment of the resilience of SOM synthesis (humification process) was performed between the recently adopted restorative management and traditional systems (45 years of plow-tillage) using a native woodland as a baseline. In soil samples (0-20 cm), total SOM, its fractions (non-humic substances, humic substances, humic acids, and fulvic acids), and structure (humification index and polymerization index) were analyzed. Degradation rates, recovery rates and soil resilience classes were calculated. Results showed that in our semiarid environment, plowing has significantly affected the resilience of the humification parameters by high degradation rates, whereas the adoption of recovery practices did not reverse ongoing degradative processes. All the analyzed land uses were included in the same resilience class, suggesting that soils have established a new equilibrium (at low values) with high resistance in front of short-term changes. However, a small tendency of minor degradation rates in the farm enclosure site may indicate the beginning of recovery processes.
A one-electron variant of direct perturbation theory for the treatment of scalar-relativistic effects

ABSTRACT The different importance of scalar-relativistic two-electron contributions in second-order direct perturbation theory (DPT2) and the spin-free one-electron variant of exact two-component theory (SFX2C-1e) is analysed. The apparent discrepancy is traced back to the fact that SFX2C-1e is not ignoring the total DPT2 two-electron contribution rather just a so-called commutator term which originates from a rewrite of the small-component density (matrix) in terms of the related, though different kinetic-energy density (matrix). This commutator term is shown to be significantly smaller (10% and less) and to have, unlike the total DPT2 two-electron contribution, a negative sign. Based on our findings, we propose a one-electron variant of direct perturbation theory, referred to as DPT-1e, and report on its implementation for the computation of energies and first-order properties at the second-order level, i.e. DPT2-1e. Numerical results are presented for the hydrogen halide series HX, X=F, Cl, Br, I, and At, as well CuF and CuCl in order to investigate its performance in comparison to DPT2 and SFX2C-1e. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Primjena prirodnog zeolita u obradi eluata dobivenog ispiranjem živom onečišćenog tla : završni rad

The Idrija mine in Slovenia was a significant anthr opogenic source of mercury. Although the production in the mine stopped in 1995, the soil in surrounding of Idrija is highly polluted with merc ury due to the inefficient ore roasting, so the concent ration reaches even up to 10 000 mg Hg/kg. In such karst area, surface and rain waters can leach mercury fro m contaminated soil to deeper soil layers and then into groundwater. Since mercury is one of the most toxic metals, it is necessary to find an efficient, cost effective method for its removal from contaminated waters. This paper investigated the efficiency of t he natural zeolite clinoptilolite of particle size 0.6 0.8 mm in the treatment of the leachate obtained by leaching the mercury contaminated soil of Idrija di strict. The highest removal efficiency has been obtained in leachates with the lowest concentration of total mercury, which has been decreased to belo w the maximum permissible concentration. The highest equilibrium quantity of removed total mercury per unit of the zeolite mass has been achieved in the l eachates with the highest concentration of total me rcury, and decreased by decreasing in initial concentratio n. The natural zeolite clinoptilolite can be succes sfully applied for the treatment of mercury contaminated w aters, especially in the case of low initial total mercury concentrations. However, in order to increa se the efficiency of natural zeolite for total merc ury removal, it is necessary to improve the surface pro perties of zeolite for adsorption of various ionic and organic species, which is most commonly achieved by modification with organic surfactants.
WITHOUT

An explicit representation of an arbitrary zero-mean distribution as the mixture of (at-most-)two-point zero-mean distributions is given. Based in this representation, tests for (i) asymmetry patterns and (ii) for location without symmetry conditions can be constructed. Exact inequalities implying conservative properties of such tests are presented. These developments extend results established earlier by Efron, Eaton, and Pinelis under a symmetry condition.
Physioedukation

192 Sport ist Medizin. Wer regelmäßig seine Fitness trainiert, leidet seltener unter physischen oder psychischen Krankheiten. Wer hingegen körperlich inaktiv lebt, riskiert chronische Schmerzen und Depressionen. Bei Bewegungsmangel hilft Physioedukation. Sie vermittelt evidenzbasiertes Wissen und fördert die Motivation zu mehr körperlicher Aktivität. Für Patienten mit Depressionen und anderen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen weist sie den Weg zu mehr Selbstwirksamkeit und Lebensfreude.
Prioritized Experience Replay-Based Deep Q Learning: Multiple-Reward Architecture for Highway Driving Decision Making

Decision making is a fundamental component to ensure safe autonomous driving in highway scenarios. The mainstream architecture for this task is the classical deep Q learning network (DQN). However, there remain two major issues with the DQN: 1) because of its traditional experience replay mechanism, the model tends to learn bias from imbalanced data, and 2) for multiobjective tasks, the unitary reward function limits the model to learning representative domain knowledge. To address these problems, this article proposes a DQN model based on a prioritized experience replay (PER) mechanism with a multireward architecture (MRA) for highway driving decision making. For balanced training, the importance of memory samples is encoded with the error between the Q estimation and Q target. For more directional training, a single reward function is decomposed into three minor ones based on prior knowledge, emphasizing speed, overtaking, and lane changing. Experimental results indicate that the proposed prioritized MRA (PMRA) DQN is superior to the traditional DQN, with higher driving speeds, less lane changing, and safer overtaking.
Synthesis of novel fused acenaphtopyrimidine hybrid, its photophysical properties and HSA interaction

ABSTRACT A facile and versatile procedure for the synthesis of novel functionalised 10-(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphtho[1,2-d]pyrimidin-8-amine (compound 4) has been described. The novel intermediate enone (3) and pyrimidine derivatives (4) were characterised by using FT-IR, NMR and MS. Moreover, the photophysical properties of compound 4 and its interaction with HSA (Human Serum Albumin) have been investigated by means of photometric and fluorimetric titration. Compound 4 showed the increase in fluorescence and hypsochromic shift of its maximum upon the addition of HSA that interaction is supported by molecular docking. Overall, Compound 4 has promising affinity towards HSA which was not previously reported for any fused acenaphtenone–pyrimidine hybrid analogues. Graphical abstract
Virtual water trade and its implications on water sustainability

Limited and declining water resources, increasing demand of water resources from different sectors has posed a major challenge for maintaining water sustainability and thus overall sustainability for a populous and water scarce country like India. Over extraction and changing climate have put additional pressure to maintain water sustainability. Therefore, there is a need of proper planning of utilization and management of water resource. Recently, virtual water trade has received much attention and become important tool for balancing the water budget. On the other hand, virtual water trade may also adversely effects on water balance of exporter's country as well as economy. Analysis of virtual water trade with its implications on water resources are missing, hence, there is a need of such analysis that will help in management of water resources. In this study an attempt is made to present a quantitative analysis of virtual water trade and its implications on water sustainability. For this study rice crop is considered only due to its characteristics as rice is major water consumer crop and water exporter crop from India.
Investigating the endogenous social interaction effects on the choice of owning a bicycle by the university students in Toronto

The paper employed a latent segmentation discrete choice model with endogenous social interaction effects to investigate the role of gender and age-cohort-specific peer influences on the choice of owning a bicycle by university students in Toronto. The empirical investigation used a dataset collected through a survey of students on seven campuses of four universities in Toronto. Two latent segments of bicycle owners are identified: peer-conformable and peer-indifferent. The empirical model proves that the influence of social interactions is real and very strong on bicycle ownership choices. The influence of fellow female students’ choices on an individual female student is stronger than the influence of the choices of fellow male students on an individual male student in Toronto. Moreover, considerable heterogeneity exists in such effects. Policy initiatives that target female students of specific age groups will have great potential in influencing bicycle ownership.
A Low-Complexity Demodulation for Oversampled LoRa Signal

This paper deals with a method of demodulation for oversampled LoRa signal. The usual maximum likelihood (ML) based demodulation method for LoRa chirp spread spectrum (CSS) waveform is dedicated to signals sampled at Nyquist rate, whereas considering oversampled signals may improve the performance of the LoRa demodulation process. In this respect, when an oversampling rate (OSR) 2 is assumed, the method suggested in this paper consists in applying two demodulation processes to the even and odd samples of the oversampled LoRa signal, and then combining the results. This principle is then generalized to any OSR, and we show that the complexity of the method is low since it only involves discrete Fourier transforms (DFT). Moreover, a performance analysis in terms of symbol and bit error rate (SER and BER) is presented considering both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channel models. Simulations show the relevance of the method and the performance analysis as a gain of 3 dB is achieved by the demodulation at OSR 2 compared with OSR 1.
The Hazards of Radiation of Telecommunication Mast on Male Rabbits Reproductive Parameters

: Background:There has been growing public concern on the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) attributed to new technologies such as telecommunication which produced radiation for cellular phones on human health. Many studies have recently been published on this topic. However, possible consequences of the cellular phone usage on human reproductive parameters have not been investigated adequately. Aim of the work: This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of telecommunication mast (TM) radiation exposure on some reproductive parameters of male rabbits. Materials and methods: Twenty-five (25) male rabbits with an average weight of 600g-1,270g were divided into 5 groups, (n=5), with consideration towards size variation. Group E was served as the control while groups A, B, C and D were the treated groups placed at a distance measured in feet (ft) (0, 5, 10, and 15ft) around a telecommunication mast (TM). Group A (0 ft) was directly under the mast and Group D (15ft away) was the farthest from the mast while the group E (Control) was kept away from the vicinity of the mast. 54th were weighed and thereafter slaughtered by the use of chloroform as a sedative. The testes were removed for histomorphometric and histologic studies (using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining techniques) and semen was also collected from their epididymides for sperm examination. Results: Degenerative changes were observed in testes in the form of testicular atrophy which is primarily associated with shrinkage of the seminiferous tubules and loss of sperm cells and widening of the interstitial space with a mild shrinkage of the interstitial cells. A significant decline in the number of sperm cell count of the most exposed groups and a significant increase in the number of dead cell and non-motile cell. Moreover, histomorphometric analysis of the seminiferous was investigated and a significant reduced value of the seminiferous cross sectional area (CSA) was observed. Meanwhile, the mean value for the seminiferous luminal diameter (LD) in the most exposed group was significantly increased and value of the seminiferous epithelia height (GEH) in the most exposed and the adjacent groups were significantly increased. Where as seminiferous tubule diameters (STD) of the exposed rabbits in all the groups were insignificantly decreased. Therefore, the result is distance-dependent from the most distanced group down to nearest group to the mast. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that long-term exposure of radiation from telecommunication mast resulted in damage to male rabbit reproductive parameters, therefore establishes that there are reproductive health implications of exposure to mast radiation and minimizing this exposure will go a long way to improve healthy living.
ALTERATION OF PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS USING TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Objective: The present study was aimed to find out the effect of transdermal patches of proton pump inhibitors pantoprazole and esomeprazole on the alteration of pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs. Methods: The transdermal patches were formulated by the solvent evaporation technique using polymers HPMC E5 with PVP K 30 and HPMC E5 with Eudragit L100 in different ratios. The best formulation from each of the drug pantoprazole and esomeprazole was selected and administered to rabbits and the plasma drug concentration was compared with the marketed formulation. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (tmax), area under the curve (AUC), area under first moment curve (AUMC), elimination rate constant (λz), biological half-life (t1/2), and mean residence time (MRT) were determined. Results: The plasma drug concentration vs time curve shows the extended-release of the drugs pantoprazole and esomeprazole when compared with the marketed formulation. The results show that there is no change in the peak plasma concentration, but a significant difference was observed in all the pharmacokinetic parameters. The AUC showed 6 fold increase for pantoprazole from 8.91 to 55.20 μg*h/ml and 3.5 fold increase for the drug esomeprazole from 7.86 to 28.53 μg*h/ml, and the mean residence time also showed 2 fold increase for the transdermal patches when compared with the marketed formulations. Conclusion: The increase in tmax, AUC, and MRT values of the formulated transdermal patches with the values of the marketed formulation of both the drugs, revealed that the transdermal patches can be used to deliver the drug for an extended period and also can alter the pharmacokinetics of pantoprazole and esomeprazole.