Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Dental Research

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to measure the effects of white spot lesions treatment agents on the shear bond strengths (SBSs) and adhesive residual indexes (ARIs) of orthodontic brackets. Methodology: This study used 100 human premolar teeth randomly divided into five groups. Group 1 comprised those with intact enamel, Group 2 comprised those with demineralized enamel and Groups 3–5 comprised those demineralized enamel that was treated with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF), fluoride varnish and a resin infiltrant, respectively. Brackets were bonded to the teeth using the conventional method, then the samples were thermocycled and tested for SBS using a universal testing machine. The adhesive remnant indexes (ARI) of the brackets were also evaluated. Oneway ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey tests were used to compare the groups’ SBSs and the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the groups’ ARI scores. Results were considered statistically significant if p was less than 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the groups (F was 6.895 and p was less than 0.001). The SBSs of the brackets in Group 4 were significantly lower than those of the other groups (the mean was 13.44 ± 6.37 MPa). Group 5 had the highest mean SBS value (22.11 ± 6.56 MPa). Additionally, the ARI scores of the four groups were significantly different (p was less than 0.001). Conclusion: Resin infiltration and CPP-ACPF applications can improve bonds to demineralized enamel, while fluoride varnish applications are not recommended for such enamel.
Screening for anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions of Morinda lucida stem bark and detection of bioactive secondary metabolite

Morinda lucida Benth (Rubiaceae) is a versatile plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments and the claims of its efficacy are particularly remarkable in the treatment of infections and immuno-inflammatory disorders. This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic stem bark extract and fractions of M. lucida and also identifies the phytochemicals responsible for its anti-inflammatory activity. The crude extract was subjected to liquid- liquid partitioning successively with n- hexane, ethylacetate, butanol and water. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the four fractions and Vacuum Liquid Chromatography fraction (VLC) of the promising fraction was evaluated. The effect of the fractions on egg albumen induced rat paw oedema were also evaluated. Anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions was further screened using xylene induce ear oedema models and human red blood cell membrane stabilization test. Ulcerogenic test on the normal stomach mucosa was also evaluated. The result of the egg albumen induced rat paw oedema showed that the butanol fractions maximally inhibited egg albumen induced effect at 400 mg/kg (70%) and 200mg/kg (67.5%) after 180 minutes compared to the positive control, ibuprofen (20mg/kg) with 100% inhibition after 180 minutes. The result of the xylene induced ear oedema showed that the inhibition produced by 100 µg/ear of the Butanol fraction (BF) was 56.67 % and was greater than inhibition produced by 200 µg/ear of ibuprofen (38.89 %). HPLC analysis of the fractions revealed the following phytocompounds; Cytreo- a-pyrone, Cytosporin- J and Waol A. Ulcerogenic test was negative at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the fractions when compare with the indomethacin (positive control) at dose of 50 mg/kg. Human red blood cell membrane stabilization assay showed that BF-VLC 2 (Dichloromethane: methanol (8:2) VLC of Butanol fraction) exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of heat-induced haemolysis while other extract showed a non- concentration dependent inhibition of haemolysis when compared to the standard, ibuprofen. These findings suggest that the stem bark of M. lucida possess promising anti-inflammatory phytocompounds which justify its use in ethno-medicine.
Is Engineering Inspiring Change in Secondary Chemistry Teachers’ Practices?

ABSTRACT The inclusion of engineering practices poses a challenge for many science teachers trying to meet the expectations of the Next Generation Science Standards because they lack formal training in engineering. This, however, may provide an opportunity for science teacher educators striving to improve the use of learner-centered teaching practices by science teachers. The exploratory study in this article describes the impact to teachers’ practices of a professional development program on the inclusion of engineering in high school chemistry. Survey data and a case study of 1 of the participants were used to assess the professional development program. By the end of the program, teachers described using engineering activities in their classroom along with more general changes to other aspects of their teaching. The subject of the case study included new student-centered teaching methods in his teaching practice in the year following the professional development. In line with conceptual change theory and transfer of learning theory, the results of this study led to the hypothesis that learning to include engineering in their classrooms may improve secondary science teachers’ use of learner-centered practices throughout their teaching.
Privacy and Patient Involvement in e-Health Worldwide: An International Analysis

Nearly every nation is actively working on an e-Health policy or already has one. Personal Health Records (PHR) are considered as one of the key elements in the digitisation of the health sector. While nearly every e-Health agenda mentions privacy and data protection, the real world implementation can diﬀer. A recent example is the planned launch of the German “Elektronische Patientenakte” (ePA), which has only limited data control features for the patient in its ﬁrst version. This paper gives an overview of how the e-Health policies of the G7 nations handle patient involvement and privacy for their PHR projects. With this analysis we show that privacy and patient involvement are crucial for the acceptance of such projects. Finally we propose a data sovereignty framework with guidelines for PHRs to give a user control over his data and establish trust in such systems through broad access, ﬁne granular control, informed decision making, intuitive user experience and comprehensible transparency.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF AN INSURANCE COMPANY

This paper attempts to analyze the capital structure of an insurance company in a way that (I) views the insurance company as an ongoing enterprise and (2) allows for the stochastic nature of insurance business. A model is developed. This model is used to analyze the effect of uncertainty in the loss reserves, the underwriting cycle and the cost of insurance regulation to the consumer. The paper considers both the investor’s and the regulator’s points of view. The research for this paper was supported by a grant from the Actuarial Education and Research Fund.
Biotechnology application of organic waste management using black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens

Nowadays, climate change attribution and improper management of waste have great attention. So, it's necessary to use the best environmental practices (BEP) concept in waste management, especially organic type. The most affordable technology which belongs to biotechnology application is black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). So, this research aims to study the ability to use the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens as a bio-recycling tool of fruit wastes. Quantitatively colorimetric analyses of the harvested BSFL fed on fruit waste were investigated with respect to the control case in this study. The results revealed a significant increase in biomolecules concentration, especially free amino acids with +2.6 x-fold in the fruit waste input with respect to control input materials of BSF colony. Besides, the elevated levels of antioxidants enzymes. These results emphasized the contribution of involving BSFL in converting non-valued input materials into highly valued products that have promising levels of antioxidants and essential biomolecules in an eco-friendly way. This research will be a willing step for getting the recognizing of investors, policymakers, and social entrepreneurs to achieve sustainability and circular economy concept through BSF technology.
Recent advances in engineered biochar productions and applications

ABSTRACT Biochar is mainly used as a soil amendment and for carbon sequestration; while other applications such as environmental remediation may be equally important. Recently, different engineering methods have been developed and used to expand biochar's applications. A systematic literature review on the linkages between the production methods and applications of engineered biochar, therefore, is in critical need. In this work, the production and application prospects of engineered biochar are reviewed comprehensively based on the current literature. The application values and effect of engineered biochar in energy, environment, and agriculture are also expounded. Different from previous ones, this review is more focused on the unique properties and functions of various types of engineered biochars to explain their potential application, particularly environmental application. It not only summarizes recent advances in engineered biochar technology but also offers insights on new directions for development and research of engineered biochar in the future.
computationnelle Assessment of Beauty with subjectivity: a challenge for computational aesthetics

RÉSUMÉ. Les techniques à base d’intelligence artiﬁcielle dont l’objectif est d’évaluer automatiquement la qualité esthétique d’une photographie, ont reçu une attention notable ces dernières années et peuvent se targuer de performances prometteuses. On constate cependant que la plupart d’entre elles souffrent de limitations en raison de leur paradigme de base emprunté à l’esthétique platonicienne, qui attribue tous les critères de beauté à l’objet ou à la personne belle. A partir du très volumineux corpus consacré à l’esthétique depuis 25 siècles, ces limitations auraient pu être anticipées. Le reproche le plus fréquemment exprimé est que le jugement porté sur l’image ne prend pas en compte l’observateur et sa subjectivité. Sans surprise, plusieurs travaux très récents s’attaquent ce point délicat, adoptant des approches diverses. Nous les discutons ici. ABSTRACT. Artiﬁcial Intelligence based photography beauty assessment have received a great attention in the last 25 years. They may now claim noticeable performances in replacing the human observer. However, they face limitations which are rooted in the basic choices of the machine learning stage, borrowed from the old Platonism, i.e. the poor place let to a speciﬁc observer in the assessment value. Several tracks are explored to short-cut these limitations, based on very different approaches. This paper is presenting an overview of these proposals to re-introduce subjectivity in computational aesthetic assessment and to discuss their foundations. en particulier à travers les réactions réﬂexes. La représentation est en relation avec nos modèles du monde et intervient également dans la prise de décision (la justiﬁcation du jugement esthétique) et la réponse émotionnelle (adapté de [Chatterjee, 2004]).
VACCINES AGAINST ROTAVIRUS INFECTION

Abstract Rotavirus infections are a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. Before introduction of vaccination for rotavirus 100–150 million cases of the infections were recorded globally with 500 000 of deaths. The first rotavirus vaccines were designed in 1980s. In 2007 two oral rotavirus vaccines containing live attenuated strains were registered in Europe: the monovalent vaccine Rotarix (RV1) and the pentavalent vaccine Rotateq (RV5). The vaccines are available all over the world. After introduction of rotavirus vaccination the number of infections decreased significantly and the number of deaths due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in children decreased over 50% globally. However, despite of confirmed safety and effectiveness of the RV1 and RV5 vaccines fear of vaccination against rotavirus infection still exists. It can be related to a bad reputation of the previous rotavirus vaccines that were withdrawn from the market or were never introduced to the market due to unsatisfied clinical tests. 1. Molecular characteristic of rotaviruses. 2. Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection. 3. Studies on rotavirus vaccines. 4. Epidemiology of rotavirus infection. 5. Herd immunity. 6. Fear of vaccination against rotavirus infection 7. Summary
Minimally invasive chevron/akin osteotomy: radiographic outcomes

Objective: To evaluate radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing minimally invasive Chevron/Akin osteotomy (MICA) for hallux valgus correction. Methods: We have treated 31 patients (40 feet). Preoperative and postoperative hallux metatarsophalangeal angles (hallux valgus angles, HVA), intermetatarsal angles (IMA) between the first and second metatarsals, and distal metatarsal articular angles (DMAA) were followed up for 12 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 53.2 years. Mean preoperative HVA, IMA, and DMAA values were 28.85°, 15.38°, and 14.35°, respectively. The mean postoperative angles measured after 1 year were 10.60°, 7.95°, and 7.48°. Improvements in HVA, IMA, and DMAA values showed statistical relevance. There were no losses in angular parameters during follow-up. Conclusion: The radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing MICA osteotomy for hallux valgus correction followed up for 12 months showed significant improvements and no recurrence of the deformity. Our results suggest that this technique is effective for correcting hallux valgus. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies; Comparative Retrospective Study.
Branded Web-Series And Its Impact On The Indian Gen-Y And Gen-Z Consumers

With rapid digitalization currently taking place in India, young Indian adults have been heavily relying on digital media for entertainment content that discusses unconventional topics and resonates with their mindset, which traditional Indian TV programs often fail to do. This change in viewing habit coincides with marketers looking for new marketing communication tools to cope with the changing advertising landscape. This change can be attributed to the ailing effectiveness of traditional advertisements due to clutter, technology-enabled ad-zapping which is accompanied by declining attention paid to advertisements and increasing defensiveness of consumers towards ad-persuasions. Branded web-series are produced or co-produced by the brand themselves and hence, the narrative is centred around the brand. This enables marketers to cope with the challenges faced by traditional advertisements for their brands by associating the brand with appealing content. Such branded web-series are becoming a part of brands trying to adopt marketing through engagement rather than interruption and is being explored as an alternative by marketers since it conveys the brand message while keeping the audience engaged and entertained. This research aims to 1) Understand the evolution of branded web-series from simple product placements 2) Examine its edge over traditional advertisements and in-film placements 3) Evaluate its influence on GEN-Y and GEN-Z Indian consumers on the basis of factors like brand-awareness, brand-recall, brand-attitude and preference. The overall goal of this research is to provide more insight on this growing trend to marketers whose target market predominantly consist of young adults. The research involved analyses of secondary and primary data. The primary data was collected using survey methodology. A questionnaire was circulated amongst 112 viewers of Indian web-series from various cities of India, belonging to the age-group of 17-40. The questionnaire consisted of two sections, the first section aimed to evaluate the viewing habits among respondents and the second section aimed to evaluate the perception and impact of the brands placed in Indian web-series on the basis of their experiences with some of the most popular web-series. The results indicate that branded web-series are more successful than traditional advertisements at capturing attention and building a positive brand image, particularly amongst younger consumers. Its effectiveness is highest when the brand is embedded into a relatable narrative organically. It creates brand awareness and improves brand recall while developing positive brand attitude and increasing brand loyalty. However it is observed that purchase intentions are not directly influenced by these branded web-series . Further research can be carried out to understand how factors such as popularity and identification with the actors can influence the effectiveness of branded web-series.
Novel Na+/H+ antiporter (NapA) regulates the motility in Helicobacter pylori

Na+/H+ antiporter plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating osmotic pressure and intracellular pH. It plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In Helicobacter pylori, whole genome sequencing has revealed the presence of two types of Na+/H+ antiporter. A gene (nhaA) homologous to the Na+/H+ antiporter of Escherichia coli has been investigated and its function has been analyzed. However, another gene homologous to the Na+/H+ antiporter of Enterococcus hirae (napA) is not yet known in detail. In this study, we investigated the function of this gene (napA in H. pylori). First, to confirm the genetic presence of napA in 20 H. pylori clinical isolates, PCR analysis was performed, and the napA gene was confirmed in all strains. The amount of Na+ extrusion was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the Na+ concentration was decreased in the wild-type strain compared to the napA mutant strain. In addition, there was a significant dosedependent difference in CFU of Na+ concentration in the napA mutant strain compared to the wild-type strain. We examined whether the napA gene is related to motility using both wild-type and napA mutant strains. As a result, in the motility agar test, the bacterial motility observed in the wild-type strain was not observed in the napA mutant strain. However, no difference in flagellar proteins was observed by SDS-PAGE analysis. These results suggest that the napA gene of H. pylori may regulate homeostasis by extruding Na+ and may also regulate motility.
Odontogenic Infection. Review of the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Complications and Treatment

Odontogenic infections are frequently seen in the dental practice, being dental caries its main etiology; therefore, dentists should be familiarized with its presentation and management as it can spread rapidly and have serious consequences. The purpose of this article is to provide essential knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, possible complications and treatment of odontogenic infections.
Work environment assessment instruments used in nursing

The aim was to identify and characterize instruments for assessing the work environment of nurses. The sources of information were articles in six electronic databases. Prior to the search, a clinical question was constructed: “Which instruments are suitable for assessing the work environment of hospital nurses? ” The query words were practice/work environment, nursing, scale. The search, using Boolean operators and limited to the period of 2010–2020, was performed from May to June 2020. The inclusion criteria were: empirical study, description of methods used, and an available English full text. From a total of 1,212 identified articles, 57 were selected for the final analysis. The studies used as many as 23 instruments. The most common ones were the Practice Environment Scale – Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) or the variants Practice Environment Scale and Nursing Work Index, followed by Brisbane Practice Environment Measure and Revised Professional Practice Environment. The work environment was assessed along with other variables such as burnout syndrome or workload. Among the numerous instruments for monitoring the work environment, the PES-NWI was most commonly used. The instrument has also been translated into the Czech language. The study results suggest that the quality of the work environment is associated, for example, with nurses’ job satisfaction or burnout syndrome, illustrating the importance of this issue in the Czech setting.
I2DNet - Design and Real-Time Evaluation of Appearance-based gaze estimation system

Gaze estimation problem can be addressed using either model-based or appearance-based approaches. Model-based approaches rely on features extracted from eye images to fit a 3D eye-ball model to obtain gaze point estimate while appearance-based methods attempt to directly map captured eye images to gaze point without any handcrafted features. Recently, availability of large datasets and novel deep learning techniques made appearance-based methods achieve superior accuracy than model-based approaches. However, many appearance- based gaze estimation systems perform well in within-dataset validation but fail to provide the same degree of accuracy in cross-dataset evaluation. Hence, it is still unclear how well the current state-of-the-art approaches perform in real-time in an interactive setting on unseen users. This paper proposes I2DNet, a novel architecture aimed to improve subject- independent gaze estimation accuracy that achieved a state-of-the-art 4.3 and 8.4 degree mean angle error on the MPIIGaze and RT-Gene datasets respectively. We have evaluated the proposed system as a gaze-controlled interface in real-time for a 9-block pointing and selection task and compared it with Webgazer.js and OpenFace 2.0. We have conducted a user study with 16 participants, and our proposed system reduces selection time and the number of missed selections statistically significantly compared to other two systems.
Histological structure of the digestive tract and digestive enzymatic activity of juvenile Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens)

The histological structure, histochemical features, and enzymatic activity of the digestive tract of juvenile Pacific seahorse (Hippocampus ingens) are described to provide information during the cultivation of this species. Serial histological sections were stained with either hematoxylin-eosin, alcian blue-PAS, toluidine blue, Sudan black, Masson's trichome, and ninhydrin-Schiff to describe the general features and the presence of glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, lipids, muscle layers, and proteins, respectively. The enterocytes height and the mucosal villi height in the esophagus and intestines were measured. Additionally, the digestive enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, amylase, aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were recorded. The esophagus showed two distinctive regions, the anterior with numerous mucous cells secreting acid mucins and the posterior with longitudinal folds and no mucous cells. The intestine was differentiated into three regions. The anterior showed goblet cells secreting acid and neutral mucins, while the middle and posterior regions presented goblet cells secreting only acid mucins. The activity of aminopeptidase, chymotrypsin, and amylase showed low levels, while the trypsin and acid phosphatase activity levels were intermediate. Lipase and alkaline phosphatase showed the highest activities. The results point that juvenile H. ingens presents a digestive structure similar to other teleost species. The high levels of lipase suggest that juvenile H. ingens have high requirements for lipids during this stage.