Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vertical dynamic impedance of end‐bearing pile groups embedded in homogeneous unsaturated soils

Although soil is typically an unsaturated (three‐phase) medium, previous studies on the dynamic impedance of pile groups primarily considered the piles embedded in either the single‐phase or fully saturated (two‐phase) soils. In this work, the dynamic impedance of end‐bearing pile groups embedded in homogeneous unsaturated soil subject to a vertical time‐harmonic load is analytically obtained. The soil is modeled as a three‐dimensional axisymmetric continuum, and both the radial and vertical displacements as well as the influence of the saturation degree on the soil's dynamic shear modulus are considered. The governing equations of vibrating unsaturated soil are uncoupled by virtue of the potential function and operator decomposition methods. The attenuation function of soil displacement, surrounding soil resistance factor, and vertical dynamic impedance of a single pile are derived from the pile−soil compatibility conditions. Pile‐to‐pile dynamic interaction factors are then derived and used, along with the superposition principle, to find the vertical dynamic impedance of end‐bearing pile groups in the frequency domain. The proposed analytical solution is verified by comparison with two benchmark solutions. Finally, the influence of various parameters on the dynamic response of end‐bearing pile groups is determined.
Fast Multi-Objective Optimization of Electromagnetic Devices Using Adaptive Neural Network Surrogate Model

This article presents a fast population-based multi-objective optimization of electromagnetic devices using an adaptive neural network (NN) surrogate model. The proposed method does not require any training data or construction of a surrogate model before the optimization phase. Instead, the NN surrogate model is built from the initial population in the optimization process, and then it is sequentially updated with high-ranking individuals. All individuals were evaluated using the surrogate model. Based on this evaluation, high-ranking individuals are reevaluated using high-fidelity electromagnetic field computation. The suppression of the execution of expensive field computations effectively reduces the computing costs. It is shown that the proposed method works two to four times faster, maintaining optimization performance than the original method that does not use surrogate models.
Mechanical properties of fibrous geopolymer mortar in relation with curing conditions

Geopolymers are a class of inorganic polymer formed by the reaction between an alkaline solution and an aluminosilicate source. The hardened material has an amorphous 3-dimensional structure. The last few years have seen spectacular technological progress in the development of geosynthesis and geopolymeric applications. Portland cement, the conventional binding material in concrete, is responsible for 5–8% of our collective worldwide carbon footprint. The geopolymer mix completely replaces the Portland cement with a alumino silicate base material that results in a massive decrease in associated carbon emissions (theoretically up to a 90% reduction) and makes safe use of a waste product of coal production. This research aims at developing fibrous geopolymer in order to study its strength properties under heat and ambient curing. Based on the results obtained, the heat cured fiber reinforced geopolymer composite with 0.5% fibre was found to be have superior strength.
High-Level Information Fusion Management and System Design

High-level information fusion is the ability of a fusion system to capture awareness and complex relations, reason over past and future events, utilize direct sensing exploitations and tacit reports, and discern the usefulness and intention of results to meet system-level goals. This authoritative book serves a practical reference for developers, designers, and users of data fusion services that must relate the most recent theory to real-world applications. This unique volume provides alternative methods to represent and model various situations and describes design component implementations of fusion systems. Designers find expert guidance in applying current theories, selecting algorithms and software components, and measuring expected performance of high-level fusion systems.
Gene-Based Resistance to Erysiphe Species Causing Powdery Mildew Disease in Peas (Pisum sativum L.)

Globally powdery mildew (PM) is one of the major diseases of the pea caused by Erysiphe pisi. Besides, two other species viz. Erysiphe trifolii and Erysiphe baeumleri have also been identified to infect the pea plant. To date, three resistant genes, namely er1, er2 and Er3 located on linkage groups VI, III and IV respectively were identified. Studies have shown the er1 gene to be a Pisum sativum Mildew resistance Locus ‘O’ homologue and subsequent analysis has identified eleven alleles namely er1–1 to er1–11. Despite reports mentioning the breakdown of er1 gene-mediated PM resistance by E. pisi and E. trifolii, it is still the most widely deployed gene in PM resistance breeding programmes across the world. Several linked DNA markers have been reported in different mapping populations with varying linkage distances and effectiveness, which were used by breeders to develop PM-resistant pea cultivars through marker assisted selection. This review summarizes the genetics of PM resistance and its mechanism, allelic variations of the er gene, marker linkage and future strategies to exploit this information for targeted PM resistance breeding in Pisum.
Single-item substitutions can substantially reduce the carbon and water scarcity footprints of US diets

ABSTRACT Background Human food systems substantially affect the environment, but the impacts vary widely by food. Guidance to individuals to reduce their dietary impacts would benefit from easy advice, but little is known about the specific population impacts of simple changes on self-selected diets. Objectives The objective was to estimate the potential impact of a single dietary substitution on the carbon and water scarcity footprints of self-selected diets in the United States. Methods This cross-sectional modeling study used 24-h dietary recall data from the 2005–2010 waves of the NHANES. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in the production of foods as well as irrigated water use, characterized by its relative scarcity at production locations, were matched to all foods in the recalls using previously developed databases. Impacts were summed to create carbon and water scarcity footprints for diets (n = 16,800) of adults aged >18 y. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Foods with the highest impact on GHGE and selected additional foods were substituted for calorically equivalent, less impactful items. Footprints were calculated before and after these hypothetical substitutions. Results The highest impact foods were all beef items, and 19.8% of individuals consumed them (n = 3320). After substitution of these items with poultry or pork, the mean carbon and water scarcity footprints among those with substitutions significantly decreased (P < 0.001) by 48.4 ± 0.6% and 29.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. Across the entire sample, these represented mean reductions of 9.6 ± 0.3% and 5.9 ± 0.2%, respectively. The mean HEI after substitutions was 3.6 ± 0.1% higher than before (P < 0.001). None of the selected additional foods had population impacts as large as the beef substitutions. Conclusions Simple substitutions can be made in individuals’ diets to substantially reduce their carbon and water scarcity footprints without sacrificing dietary quality. Such substitutions may be easier to promote than complex dietary patterns.
Ten simple rules for improving research data discovery

1 NYU Health Sciences Library, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, United States of America, 2 Montana State University Library, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, University States of America, 3 Medical library, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America, 4 Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 5 Samuel J. Wood Library and C.V. Starr Biomedical Information Center, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America, 6 Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 7 Health Sciences and Human Services Library, University of Maryland—Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 8 Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
Risk of infection in neonates born in accidental out-of-hospital deliveries

Accidental out-of-hospital deliveries (OHDs) are known to have a higher incidence of maternal and neonatal complications. However, neonatal infection related to OHDs has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the infection risk of OHDs. This retrospective cohort study enrolled neonates admitted at a children’s hospital in an urban setting from January 2004 to December 2017. Accidental OHDs were compared with in-hospital births, and neonatal infection was assessed. This study also investigated both maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with OHDs. A cohort of 158 OHD neonates was enrolled, of whom 29 (23.2%) were preterm. Prematurity and low birth weight were significantly associated with OHD. Eight neonates in the OHD cohort had a documented infection within the first 72 hours of life, which was 11-fold higher than infections documented for the in-hospital births. Multivariate analysis identified low birth weight as the only factor independently associated with increased risk of infection in OHD neonates. Several specific characteristics of mothers with OHDs were identified. Forty-nine (31%) OHD mothers lacked antenatal care, and 10 (6.3%) were unaware of their pregnancies. The OHD group comprised of more teenage mothers compared to the in-hospital deliveries category. Neonatal infection was more prevalent among OHDs than for in-hospital deliveries, and the infection rate was associated with low birth weight. Hospitalization for further care and observation is suggested for the OHD neonates. Social support should be provided for populations with an increased risk of OHD, such as teenage mothers.
A risk-prediction score for colorectal lesions on 12,628 participants at high risk of colorectal cancer

Abstract Background The uptake of colonoscopy is low in individuals at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We constructed a risk-prediction score (RPS) in a large community-based sample at high risk of CRC to enable more accurate risk stratification and to motivate and increase the uptake rate of colonoscopy. Methods A total of 12,628 participants classified as high-risk according to positivity of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests or High-Risk Factor Questionnaire underwent colonoscopy. Logistic regression was used to derive a RPS and analysed the associations of the RPS with colorectal lesions, giving odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Of the participants, men (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.58–1.90), older age (≥65 years; 1.41, 1.31–1.53), higher body mass index (≥28 kg/m2; 1.22, 1.07–1.39), ever smoking (1.47, 1.31–1.65), and weekly alcohol use (1.28, 1.09–1.52) were associated with a higher risk of colorectal lesions. We assigned 1 point to each of the above five risk factors and derived a RPS ranging from 0 to 5, with a higher score indicating a higher risk. Compared with a RPS of 0, a RPS of 1, 2, 3, and 4–5 showed a higher risk of colorectal lesions, with the OR (95% CI) being 1.50 (1.37–1.63), 2.34 (2.12–2.59), 3.58 (3.13–4.10), and 3.91 (3.00–5.10), respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of RPS in predicting colorectal lesions was 0.62. Conclusions Participants with an increase in the RPS of ≥1 point had a significantly higher risk of colorectal lesions, suggesting the urgency for measuring colonoscopy in this very high-risk group. High-risk strategies incorporating RPS may be employed to achieve a higher colonoscopy-uptake rate.
Interleukin-17 contributes to Ross River virus-induced arthritis and myositis

Arthritogenic alphaviruses are mosquito-borne viruses that are a major cause of infectious arthropathies worldwide, and recent outbreaks of chikungunya virus and Ross River virus (RRV) infections highlight the need for robust intervention strategies. Alphaviral arthritis can persist for months after the initial acute disease, and is mediated by cellular immune responses. A common strategy to limit inflammation and pathology is to dampen the overwhelming inflammatory responses by modulating proinflammatory cytokine pathways. Here, we investigate the contribution of interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine involved in arthropathies such as rheumatoid arthritis, in the development RRV-induced arthritis and myositis. IL-17 was quantified in serum from RRV-infected patients, and mice were infected with RRV and joints and muscle tissues collected to analyse cellular infiltrates, tissue mRNA, cytokine expression, and joint and muscle histopathology. IL-17 expression was increased in musculoskeletal tissues and serum of RRV-infected mice and humans, respectively. IL-17–producing T cells and neutrophils contributed to the cellular infiltrate in the joint and muscle tissue during acute RRV disease in mice. Blockade of IL-17A/F using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) reduced disease severity in RRV-infected mice and led to decreased proinflammatory proteins, cellular infiltration in synovial tissues and cartilage damage, without affecting viral titers in inflamed tissues. IL-17A/F blockade triggered a shift in transcriptional profile of both leukocyte infiltrates and musculoskeletal stromal cells by downregulating proinflammatory genes. This study highlights a previously uncharacterized role for an effector cytokine in alphaviral pathology and points towards potential therapeutic benefit in targeting IL-17 to treat patients presenting with RRV-induced arthropathy.
Views and experiences of maternal healthcare providers regarding influenza vaccine during pregnancy globally: A systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pregnant women receive influenza vaccination; however, uptake of the vaccine remains low. Maternity health care professionals (MHCPs) play an important role in motivating pregnant women to receive the influenza vaccine. However, factors such as MHCPs’ views and knowledge about the vaccine, and time constraints due to workload may influence MHCPs’ practices and opinions about women receiving the influenza vaccine during pregnancy. To date, the qualitative evidence exploring MHCPs’ views and experiences around influenza vaccine uptake in pregnant women has not been synthesised. Aim To systematically review and thematically synthesise qualitative evidence that explores the views and experiences of MHCPs involved in the provision of the maternal influenza vaccine worldwide. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched, supplemented with searches of included paper reference lists and grey literature. Study selection was conducted by up to three researchers applying pre-specified inclusion/exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was undertaken, data were extracted, coded and synthesised to develop descriptive and analytical themes. Results Eight studies involving 277 participants were included. Seventeen descriptive themes were interpreted, embedded within six analytical themes. MHCPs perceived that maternal influenza vaccination delivery can be facilitated by trusting relationships, good communication, knowledge about the vaccine leading to confidence in recommending vaccine, electronic vaccination prompts, and presence of national guidelines. However, workload, time constraints, MHCP’s perception of pregnant women’s concerns, and social/cultural/environmental influences could prevent the likelihood of delivery of influenza vaccine. Knowledgeable MHCPs who were regularly updated about vaccination based on scientific evidence were more confident when discussing and recommending the influenza vaccine to pregnant women. In addition, the presence of national policies and guidelines and electronic prompts for maternal influenza vaccination would enhance the delivery of the vaccine. Conclusion Our findings suggest that approaches to enhance the vaccination uptake rate in pregnant women include addressing MHCPs barriers to discussing influenza vaccination through education, sufficient time for discussions, and electronic prompts about vaccination, as well as evidence based local and national guidelines.
Affective communication with patients with limited health literacy in the palliative phase of COPD or lung cancer: Analysis of video-recorded consultations in outpatient care

Objectives Affective communication in outpatient care is important, especially in the palliative phase. Appropriate responses by healthcare providers to emotional cues or concerns let patients express their feelings and enhance information recall and patient satisfaction. Patients with limited health literacy experience more barriers in health-related communication and information, which makes recognizing their cues and concerns even more relevant. This study explores emotional cues/concerns expressed by patients with limited health literacy and evaluates healthcare providers’ responses to these utterances. Methods Verona Coding Definitions of Emotional Sequences (VR-CoDES), a consensus-based system for coding patients’ expression of emotional distress in medical consultations, was used in this exploratory observational study to analyse affective communication in video-recorded outpatient consultations. Consultations of 18 (10 female, 8 male) COPD or lung cancer patients (aged 70.3±6.8) with limited health literacy were recorded and analysed. Eight healthcare providers in four hospitals participated in the study. Results 101 cues and 11 concerns were observed, making 6.2 (SD = 4.2) cues or concerns per consultation. Healthcare provider responses were explicit in 56% and left scope for further disclosures in 58% of the cases. Patients with limited health literacy seem to express more cues or concerns than other patient populations. Healthcare providers responded roughly equally often in five different ways, but they shied away from further exploring the emotion disclosed in the cue/concern. Future research should elaborate on these exploratory observations, especially regarding why HCPs often only leave limited space for further disclosure of emotions in palliative care.
Initiation of a Lung Protective Ventilation Strategy in the Emergency Department: Does an Emergency Department-Based ICU Make a Difference?

BACKGROUND: Lung protective ventilation (LPV) is a key component in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome and other acute respiratory pathology. Initiation of LPV in the emergency department (ED) is associated with improved patient-centered and system outcomes, but adherence to LPV among ED patients is low. The impact of an ED-based ICU (ED-ICU) on LPV adherence is not known. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study analyzed rates of adherence to a multifaceted LPV strategy pre- and post-implementation of an ED-ICU. LPV strategy components included low tidal volume ventilation, avoidance of severe hyperoxia and high plateau pressures, and positive end-expiratory pressure settings in alignment with best-evidence recommendations. The primary outcome was adherence to the LPV strategy at time of ED departure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A total of 561 ED visits were included in the analysis, of which 60.0% received some portion of their emergency care in the ED-ICU. Adherence to the LPV strategy was statistically significantly higher in the ED-ICU cohort compared with the pre-ED-ICU cohort (65.8% vs 41.4%; p < 0.001) and non-ED-ICU cohort (65.8% vs 43.1%; p < 0.001). Among the ED-ICU cohort, 92.8% of patients received low tidal volume ventilation. Care in the ED-ICU was also associated with shorter ICU and hospital length of stay. These findings suggest improved patient and resource utilization outcomes for mechanically ventilated ED patients receiving care in an ED-ICU.
Factors associated with unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel multinomial logistic regression analysis

Background More than one out of every ten married women in the world, and one out of every five women in Africa, have unmet family planning needs. Despite this, studies concerning sub-Saharan Africa as well as the community-level factors that may influence the unmet need for family planning are scarce. Objective To assess factors associated with unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This study used the nineteen demographic and health surveys (DHS) conducted between 2015 and 2020 in sub-Saharan Africa. A total weighted sample of 175, 820 women of reproductive age who were married during the survey was used for this study. To assess the factors associated with unmet need for family planning, I have employed a multilevel multinomial logistic regression model. After selecting variables using the bivariable analysis, a multivariable model was fitted. Finally, an adjusted relative risk ratio with its 95% Confidence Interval was reported and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were declared to be significant predictors of unmet need for family planning. Result The overall prevalence of unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa was 23.70%, of which unmet need for spacing and limiting was 15.81% and 7.90% respectively. In the multivariable multilevel multinomial model, women’s age, women’s education, age at cohabitation, heard about family planning through media, parity, number of under-five children, and knowledge about modern contraceptive methods were among the individual-level factors that were associated with both the unmet need for spacing and limiting. Place of residence, community level of women illiteracy, and region were among the community-level factors that were associated with both unmet needs for spacing and limiting. Household size and visiting the health facility in the last 12 months were associated with unmet need for spacing only and husband education was associated with unmet need for limiting only. Conclusion Unmet need for family planning in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Both individual and community level factors were associated with both unmet need for spacing and limiting. Therefore, it is better to consider interventions at both individual and community levels.
Solid state organic amine detection in a photochromic porous metal organic framework

A new Mg(ii) based porous metal–organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized from naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophoric unit containing linker. This MOF (Mg–NDI) shows instant and reversible photochromism as well as solvatochromic behavior. Due to the presence of electron deficient NDI moiety, this MOF exhibits selective organic amine (electron rich) sensing in solid state.
Entropy driven chain effects on ligation chemistry

Entropic chain effects on dynamic bonding reactions are shown to enable the tuning of reaction equilibria not only by changing the mass of the reactants, but also by merely altering the building block side chain structure and thus the intrinsic stiffness. The findings enable a step change for the design of on-demand bonding systems and reversible ligation chemistry in general.