Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Spectrum Sensing Method Based on Fusion Features and Online Learning in Time-Varying Environments

In practical spectrum sensing scenarios, the parameters of environment are time varying. However, most of the traditional methods are not suitable for such time-varying scenarios. In order to overcome this bottleneck, a novel spectrum sensing approach based on fusion features and online model is developed in this article. In the first step, a 3-D feature extraction method is proposed, which uses the complementarity of signals in time and frequency domains to construct the fusion features. Then the Gaussian mixture model is trained by fusion features. In the second step, in order to improve the sensing performance in time-varying scenarios, an online Gaussian mixture model is proposed, which enhances the spectrum sensing in the time-varying environment. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better spectrum sensing performance than the traditional method.
Program management challenges of clinical studies: A qualitative critical assessment

Background: Organization, coordination, and discipline are required to complete any intricate operation, conducting a clinical experiment is no different. There are usually many moving components, from designing a plan, to conveying changes, to calculating risk, and excellent project management which are necessary to guarantee the study works successfully. Past evidence suggested that roadblock at any level hampers the progress of the clinical research. Understanding program management challenges hence becomes the key for timely and effective completion of clinical research. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative enquiry involving stakeholders in clinical research program management. We used problem tree-based approach wherein we documented views of various stakeholders to understand the interaction, interdependence, and related interventional needs of bottlenecks for long-term research gains using modern management methods applicable in clinical settings. The best fit approach was also explored to augment maximum benefit in limited resource settings. Results: Non-alignment with state policy aims, a lack of effective coordination and communication among members, challenging logistic management, limited use of technology, a need for training, and an inefficient monitoring mechanism were among the major issues highlighted, and solutions were proposed. Conclusion: Study concludes that an Integrated Process-cum-Timeline-Based Management strategy with multisectoral emphasis is ideal for program management of clinical projects.
On the restricted summability of Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fejér means

Abstract The main aim of this paper is to discuss the properties of the maximal operator of two-dimensional Walsh–Kaczmarz–Fejér means, where the set of indices is inside a cone-like set. We prove that the maximal operator σLκ,* is bounded from Hp to Lp for 1/2 < p and is of weak type (1,1). As a corollary, we get Simon's theorem [Monatsh. Math. 131 (2000), no. 4, 321–334] on the convergence almost everywhere of cone-restricted two-dimensional Fejér means of integrable functions. In the endpoint case p = 1/2, we show that the maximal operator σLκ,* is not bounded from the Hardy space H1/2 to the space L1/2.
A Bendable Wideband Dual-Polarization Conformal Phased-Array Antenna

In this letter, we proposed a bendable wideband dual-polarization low-profile conformal phased-array antenna. The antenna element is an inverted-F fed stacked-patch antenna. It provides an active VSWR $< $ 3 for 10.7–12.75 GHz in the principal planes. The proposed phased-array antenna employs a row modular architecture, which enables it to bend to a cylindrical geometry. Both the antenna aperture and the active components of the conformal phased-array antenna are considered for bending in this letter. A prototype conformal phased-array antenna with eight rows of four dual-polarization antenna element was fabricated, assembled, and measured. Wide-angle beam scanning is achieved by electronically scanning along the curved axis of the cylindrical conformal phased-array antenna. Moreover, there is no grating lobe when scanning down to 60°.
Research on a Learning Algorithm as Inverse Deduction

This paper proposes a new algorithm called LAID(learning algorithm as inverse deduction) considering the difficulty of traditional induction learning.Inverse deduction is an approach in which induction learning is treated as the inverse of deduction.The key issues of LAID include the inverse deduction rules,lattice structures and state operators from the perspectives of learning tasks,mode declarations and heuristic information.A learning and reasoning system is implemented using the LAID.Experimental results show that LAID is a feasible and effective algorithm that can generate rules with strong generalization ability.
Calcinosis Cutis and Calciphylaxis in Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases

Calcinosis represents a severe complication of several autoimmune disorders. Soft-tissue calcifications have been classified into five major types: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and calciphylaxis. Autoimmune diseases are usually associated with dystrophic calcifications, including calcinosis cutis, occurring in damaged or devitalized tissues in the presence of normal serum levels of calcium and phosphate. In particular, calcinosis cutis has been described in dermatomyositis, polymyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, overlap syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Calciphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening syndrome presenting with vascular calcifications and thrombosis, has also been associated with some autoimmune conditions. Due to the potentially disabling character of calcinosis cutis and calciphylaxis, physicians’ awareness about the clinical presentation and management of these diseases should be increased to select the most appropriate treatment option and avoid long-term complications. In this review, we aim to analyze the clinical features of calcinosis cutis and calciphylaxis associated with autoimmune diseases, and the main treatment strategies evaluated up to now for treating this potentially disabling disease.
Out-of-equilibrium dynamics and extended textures of topological defects in spin ice

Memory effects have been observed across a wide range of geometrically frustrated magnetic materials, possibly including ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ where a spontaneous Hall effect has been observed. Frustrated magnets are also famous for the emergence of topological defects. Here we explore how the interaction between these defects can be responsible for a rich diversity of out-of-equilibrium dynamics, dominated by topological bottlenecks and multiscale energy barriers. Our model is an extension of the spinice model on the pyrochlore lattice, where farther-neighbor spin interactions give rise to a nearest-neighbor coupling between topological defects. This coupling can be chosen to be ``unnatural'' or not, i.e., attractive or repulsive between defects carrying the same topological charge. After applying a field quench, our model supports, for example, long-lived magnetization plateaux, and allows for the metastability of a ``fragmented'' spin liquid, an unconventional phase of matter where long-range order co-exists with a spin liquid. Perhaps most strikingly, the attraction between same-sign charges produces clusters of these defects in equilibrium, whose stability is due to a combination of energy and topological barriers. These clusters may take the form of a ``jellyfish'' spin texture, centered on a hexagonal ring with branches of arbitrary length. The ring carries a clockwise or counterclockwise circular flow of magnetization. This emergent toroidal degrees of freedom provide a possibility for time-reversal symmetry breaking with potential relevance to the spontaneous Hall effect observed in ${\mathrm{Pr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$.
Combination of Everolimus and Bortezomib Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas via JNK/p38/ERK MAPK and AKT Pathways

Simple Summary High-grade bone and soft tissue sarcomas are known for high recurrence and low survival rates. New drug development is costly and time-consuming. Instead, new combinations of existing drugs may offer novel anticancer strategies. We previously demonstrated that the combination of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is effective against osteosarcoma cells in a drug screening test. Building on previous research, we showed that the combination of everolimus and bortezomib exerted synergistic antiproliferative and apoptotic effects against fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, suppressing pulmonary metastases in osteosarcoma-bearing mice. Furthermore, we identified that everolimus and bortezomib inhibited tumor growth via the JNK/p38/ERK MAPK and AKT pathways. This combination treatment may be effective against bone and soft tissue sarcoma suppressing tumor growth and metastasis. Abstract The combination of the mammalian target of rapamycin and proteasome inhibitors is a new treatment strategy for various tumors. Herein, we investigated the synergistic effect of everolimus and bortezomib on tumor growth and metastasis in bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The antitumor effects of everolimus and bortezomib were assessed in a human fibrosarcoma (FS) cell line (HT1080) and mouse osteosarcoma (OS) cell line (LM8) by MTS assays and Western blotting. The effects of everolimus and bortezomib on HT1080 and LM8 tumor growth in xenograft mouse models were evaluated using tumor volume and the number of metastatic nodes of the resected lungs. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate cleaved PARP expression. The combination therapy decreased FS and OS cell proliferation compared with either drug alone. This combination induced more intense p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK and activated apoptosis signals, such as caspase-3, compared with single-agent treatment. The combination treatment reduced p-AKT and MYC expression, decreased FS and OS tumor volumes, and suppressed lung metastases of OS. The combination therapy inhibited tumor growth in FS and OS and metastatic progression of OS via the JNK/p38/ERK MAPK and AKT pathways. These results could aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for sarcomas.
THE CHANGES OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEM IN EAST SERAM DISTRICT, MALUKU PROVINCE, INDONESIA AND ITS IMPACT ON THE JULUNG-JULUNG FISH (Hemirhamphus sp) RESOURCES

"The sub-district of East Seram (SBT) is the oldest district in the East Seram Regency, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Ninety percent of this area is covered by the sea with 3 unique tropical coastal ecosystems, namely mangroves, seagrass, and coral reefs. This high productivity ecosystem provides various goods and environmental services in fisheries, tourism, and other industries. One of them is coastal resources such as Julung julung fish (Half-beak, Hemirhamphus spp) that use this ecosystem for their primary habitat. Unfortunately, little is known about the interaction between Julung-julung and their habitat. This paper aims to assess the changes of the coastal ecosystem of the SBT and their impact on Julung-julung resources. Two satellite images of Landsat-7 ETM+ (2001) and Sentinel-2A (2018) were analyzed to monitor the condition changes of mangrove and seagrass. Six habitat classes of sea, land vegetation, mangrove, dense, medium, and sparse seagrass were classified using isocluster analysis, validated using ground truth data collected during intensive field survey, and then the areas of each habitat class were calculated. From the period of 2001 to 2018, the areas of mangrove and seagrass have decreased from 1401.5 to 1118.8 ha, and from 3183.8 to 2509.4 ha, respectively. The decrease of mangroves was due to mangrove cutting for firewood that use to smoke Julung-julung, one of the famous fish products from the SBT, while mining dead coral for building materials in seagrass beds decreased their areas. Interview with experienced SBT’s fishers in catching Julung-julung showed that the population of this fish has decreased by about 30-50% within 20 years, which was most likely due to the impact of their habitat degradation. In contrast, the decrease of Julung-julung stocks in other province was mostly due to overfishing. Thus, maintaining, conserving, and revitalizing the mangrove and seagrass ecosystems in the SBT as the important habitat for the early life history of Julungjulung is inevitable, as well as it is necessary to immediately conduct in-depth study on biological and population dynamics of this fish, whose data is still lacking, so that the Julungjulung stocks can manage sustainably. "
The Use of Machine Learning Models and Radiomics for Segmentation and Classification of Adnexal Masses on Ultrasound: A multi-cohort retrospective study

Ovarian cancer remains the deadliest of all gynaecological cancers. Ultrasound-based models exist to support the classification of adnexal masses but are dependent on human assessment of features on ultrasound. Therefore, we aimed to develop an end-to-end machine learning (ML) model capable of automating the classification of adnexal masses. In this retrospective study, transvaginal ultrasound scan images were extracted and segmented from Imperial College Healthcare, UK (ICH development dataset; n=577 masses; 1444 images) and Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, Italy (MPH external dataset; n=184 masses; 476 images). Clinical data including age, CA-125 and diagnosis (ultrasound subjective assessment, SA) or histology) were collected. A segmentation and classification model was developed by comparing several models using convolutional neural network-based models and traditional radiomics features. Dice surface coefficient was used to measure segmentation performance and area under the ROC curve (AUC), F1-score and recall for classification performance. Findings The ICH and MPH datasets had a median age of 45 (IQR 35-60) and 48 (IQR 38-57) and consisted of 23.1% and 31.5% malignant cases, respectively. The best segmentation model achieved a dice surface coefficient of 0.85 +/- 0.01, 0.88 +/-0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.01 in the ICH training, ICH validation and MPH test sets. The best classification model achieved a recall of 1.00 and F1- score of 0.88 (AUC 0.93), 0.94 (AUC 0.89) and 0.83 (AUC 0.90) in the ICH training, ICH validation and MPH test sets, respectively. The ML model provides an end-to-end method of adnexal mass segmentation and classification, with a comparable predictive performance (AUC 0.90) to the published performance of expert subjective assessment (SA, gold standard), and current risk models. Further prospective evaluation of the classification performance of the ML model against existing methods is required.
Associations between early in-hospital medications and the development of delirium in patients with stroke

Objectives: Patients hospitalized with stroke develop delirium at higher rates than general hospitalized patients. While several medications are associated with existing delirium, it is unknown whether early medication exposures are associated with subsequent delirium in patients with stroke. Additionally, it is unknown whether delirium identification is associated with changes in the prescription of these medications. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a comprehensive stroke center, who were assessed for delirium by trained nursing staff during clinical care. We analyzed exposures to multiple medication classes in the first 48 hours of admission, and compared them between patients who developed delirium >48 hours after admission and those who never developed delirium. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate testing and multivariable logistic regression. Results: 1,710 unique patients were included in the cohort, of whom 471 (27.5%) developed delirium >48 hours after admission. Delirium was associated with prior exposure to antipsychotics, sedatives, opiates, and antimicrobials, even after accounting for several clinical covariates. Usage of these medications decreased in the 48 hours following delirium identification, except for atypical antipsychotics, whose use increased. Other medication classes such as steroids, benzodiazepines, and sleep aids were not initially associated with subsequent delirium, but prescription patterns still changed after delirium identification. Conclusions: Early exposure to multiple medication classes is associated with the subsequent development of delirium in patients with stroke. Additionally, prescription patterns changed following delirium identification, suggesting that these medication classes may be modifiable targets for future delirium prevention strategies.
The potential benefits of delaying seasonal flu vaccine selections: a retrospective modeling study

Abstract Backgrounds and Purpose: Antigenic match between selected vaccine virus and circulating virus crucial to achieve high vaccine effectiveness for seasonal flu. Due to the time-consuming process of producing eggs, vaccine candidate viruses are currently selected 5-6 months ahead of the flu season. New non-egg-based vaccine production technologies have emerged with the potential to improve production efficiency and to revise current vaccine formulation schedules. In this study, we aim to 1) identify the past flu seasons where the opportunity to improve vaccine decision existed if rapid vaccine production were available and to 2) quantify the impact of revising the current vaccine decision schedule, where new vaccine production technologies allow more time for specimen collection prior to vaccine virus selection. Methods: We extracted the trend in the viral activity of season-predominant strain in three data points: when vaccine decision was made, in between vaccine decision and season starts, and after season starts. Between 2012 and 2020, we first identified the past flu seasons where the season-dominant strains presented increasing activity only after vaccine decisions had already been made in February for the Northern Hemisphere. Using an epidemiological model (SEIR) of season flu in the US, we evaluated the impact of updating vaccine decisions on the epidemic size and the number of flu hospitalizations in the United States. Results: In the past flu seasons between 2012 and 2020, the timing when the clades or subclades that predominantly circulated during flu season emerged varied by season. In particular, in 2013/14, season-dominant H3N2 subclade emerged after vaccine decisions were made, contributing to the mismatch between vaccine and circulating virus. If the H3N2 component of the vaccine were updated given the additional viral activity data collected after February, our simulation model showed that the updated vaccine could have averted 5,000-65,000 flu hospitalizations, depending on how much vaccine effectiveness could improve with matching vaccine virus. On the other hand, updating the B/Victoria vaccine component did not yield substantial change in flu burden in the 2019/20 season. Conclusions: With rapid vaccine production, revising the timeline for vaccine selection can result in substantial epidemiological benefits, particularly at times when additional data help improve the vaccine effectiveness through better match between vaccine and circulating viruses.
Ankle proprioception in children with cerebral palsy

Purpose: There is no established clinical standard to evaluate ankle proprioception in children with cerebral palsy (CP). This study compared ankle position sense of children with CP to age-matched children typically developing (TD). Methods: Children aged 6-17 years participated (15 CP, 58 TD). Using a custom-built device, the ankle was passively rotated to 2 positions for 25 trials. Using a psychophysical forced-choice paradigm, participants indicated which position was more plantarflexed. A psychometric function was fitted to the response data to determine the just noticeable difference (JND) threshold and the associated uncertainty (random error) for ankle position sense. Results: Median JND thresholds for the CP group were elevated (CP: 4.3{degrees}, TD: 3.0{degrees}). Three children with CP exceeded the 95th percentile of TD. No differences in random error were found. Conclusion: This method assessed ankle proprioception relative to norm data and identified position sense impairments in children with CP. Using this method can provide data on proprioceptive status in CP, augmenting the assessment of motor impairment.
Linkage disequilibrium among neutral mutant alleles in finite population

In the model of mutation introduced by Kimura and Crow (1964) each mutant allele is assumed to be neutral with respect to fitness and never to have existed previously in the population. Several alleles may be segregating at any time. This is referred to as the 'infinite alleles' model and while expected levels of heterozygosity at single loci are well known, expected values of linkage disequilibria have only recently been obtained (Hill (1975». For the 'infinite sites' model at which there are molecular mutations at one of many nucleotide sites, but with mutants occurring at each site so rarely that new mutants occur only at non-segregating sites, the variance of disequilibria was obtained by Ohta and Kimura (1971). In this note we review these results and discuss the disequilibria expected in segregating populations. Consider the infinite alleles model. Let the population comprise N randommating diploids and let U, V and C be the products of N and mutation rate at locus A, mutation rate at locus B and recombination fraction between the loci, respectively. Let pi, qj be the frequency of allele i at locus A and allele j at locus B, and f;j be the frequency of chromosomes containing i and j. The disequilibrium between these alleles is D; = f;j Piqj. Since the alleles are neutral E (Dij) = 0 for all i, j, where the expectation is taken over all populations. However, the variances of the D ij are not zero. Recurrence relations can be obtained in terms of three moments:
A Study on the effect of lifestyle educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting quality of life of middle-aged women

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effect of lifestyle educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting the quality of life of middle-aged women. The present quasi-experimental study examined 80 middle-aged women and randomly divided them into two groups (intervention and control). Data collection tools included the demographic information questionnaire, the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II), the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the author-developed questionnaire based on constructs of the theory of planned behavior. Data were collected via WhatsApp twice (before and three months after the educational intervention). Five 45-minute training sessions were held for the intervention group and a 60-minute session for a family member regarding physical activity and spiritual growth over two months via WhatsApp. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and the results were considered significant at a statistical level (p < .05). The implementation of the educational intervention significantly increased the mean scores of quality of life, physical activity and spiritual growth, knowledge regarding physical activity and spiritual growth, attitude toward physical activity and spiritual growth, subjective norms toward spiritual growth, perceived behavioral control for physical activity, and behavioral intention to perform physical activity and spiritual growth in the intervention group in comparison with the control group. The educational intervention, which was designed based on constructs of the theory of planned behavior, was influential in promoting the lifestyles and quality of life of middle-aged women. Therefore, it is suggested to use the educational program of the present study in addition to other middle-age health care.