Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combinatoire des espaces coinvariants trivariés du groupe symétrique

Ce travail traite principalement de l'enumeration d'extensions de structures combinatoires classiques appelees chemins de Dyck et fonctions de stationnement. Ces structures, tres etudiees en raison de leur role fondamental dans de multiples contextes combinatoires, sont aussi etroitement liees a la theorie de la representation, a la theorie des fonctions symetriques et a la geometrie algebrique, entre autres. En particulier, elles sont liees a l'etude combinatoire des espaces coinvariants diagonaux DRk,n, introduits par Garsia et Haiman, qui sont des representations du groupe symetrique Gn sur des espaces de polynomes en k jeux de n variables. Dans le cas bivarie, il a ete conjecture que les series de Hilbert des espaces coinvariants diagonaux « augmentes » DRm2,n et de leur sous-representation signe DRm2,nɛ sont respectivement egales a une somme de statistiques sur les fonctions de m-stationnement et sur les chemins de m-Dyck. Il existe egalement une conjecture plus generale pour la serie de Frobenius de ces espaces qui s'appelle la conjecture « shuffle » (Haglund et al., 2005). Dans le cas trivarie, Haiman a conjecture en 1994 les dimensions suivantes : dim(DR3,nɛ) = 2/n(n+1) (4n+1 n-1) et dim(DR3,n) = 2n (n+1)n-2. D'autre part, en 2006, Chapoton a demontre que les intervalles dans le treillis de Tamari sont comptes par 2/n(n+1) (4n+1 n-1). Motive par ses travaux sur le cas trivarie et par les deux conjectures precedentes, Bergeron a introduit le treillis de m-Tamari et etendu certaines questions concernant les chemins de m-Dyck et les fonctions de m-stationnement pour rendre compte du cas trivarie. Il a conjecture que : dim(DRm3,nɛ) = m+1/n(mn+1) ((m+1)2n+m n-1), que : dim(DRm3,n) = (m+1)n(mn+1)n-2, et que ces deux cardinalites comptent respectivement les intervalles et les intervalles de stationnement du treillis de m-Tamari. Dans cette these, nous demontrons une generalisation commune de ces deux conjectures enumeratives que nous avons enoncee avec Bergeron. Plus precisement, avec Mireille Bousquet-Melou et Guillaume Chapuy, nous avons demontre que la serie de Frobenius d'une certaine representation combinatoire sur les intervalles de stationnement du treillis de m-Tamari est donnee par : Ʃ λ=(λ1,…,λl)˫n (mn+1)l-2 II 1≤i≤l ((m+1)λi λi) Pλ/Zλ. Cette demonstration equivaut a resoudre un nouveau type d'equations differentielles a variable catalytique. Toujours avec Bergeron, nous avons conjecture que le produit tensoriel de cette representation combinatoire et de la representation signe ɛ est isomorphe a DRm3,n. Nous avons egalement formule une generalisation de la conjecture « shuffle » en proposant une formule combinatoire explicite pour la serie de Frobenius graduee de DRm3,n. Ceci renforce notre hypothese que l'etude des intervalles du treillis de m-Tamari est bel et bien en lien avec l'etude des espaces DRm3,n. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLES DE L’AUTEUR : combinatoire algebrique, combinatoire enumerative, representations du groupe symetrique, fonctions generatrices, statistiques.
High Resolution Land Cover Mapping and Crop Classification in the Loukkos Watershed (Northern Morocco): An Approach Using SAR Sentinel-1 Time Series

Remote sensing has become more and more a reliable tool for mapping land cover and monitoring cropland. Much of the work done in this field uses optical remote sensing data. In Morocco, active remote sensing data remain under-exploited despite their importance in monitoring spatial and temporal dynamics of land cover and crops even during cloudy weather. This study aims to explore the potential of C-band Sentinel-1 data in the production of a high-resolution land cover mapping and crop classification within the irrigated Loukkos watershed agricultural landscape in northern Morocco. The work was achieved by using 33 dual-polarized images in vertical-vertical (VV) and vertical-horizontal (VH) polarizations. The images were acquired in ascending orbits between April 16 and October 25, 2020, with the purpose to track the backscattering behavior of the main crops and other land cover classes in the study area. The results showed that the backscatter increased with the phenological development of the monitored crops (rice, watermelon, peanuts, and winter crops), strongly for the VH and VV bands, and slightly for the VH/VV ratio. The other classes (water, built-up, forest, fruit trees, permanent vegetation, greenhouses, and bare lands) did not show significant variation during this period. Based on the backscattering analysis and the field data, a supervised classification was carried out, using the Random Forest Classifier (RF) algorithm. Results showed that radiometric characteristics and 6 days’ time resolution covered by Sentinel-1 constellation gave a high classification accuracy by dual-polarization with Radar Ratio (VH/VV) or Radar Vegetation Index and textural features (between 74.07% and 75.19%). Accordingly, this study proves that the Sentinel-1 data provide useful information and a high potential for multi-temporal analyses of crop monitoring, and reliable land cover mapping which could be a practical source of information for various purposes in order to undertake food security issues.
Possibility of Producing Activated Carbon from Mango Tress Wastes Using Physical Activation

Biomass is widely recognized as a sustainable resource for producing activated carbon for environmental applications and energy. However, the main disadvantage remains the production of activated carbon from biomass with a large surface area that can be effectively used for ecological treatment. The present study shows the effect of different activation methods to produce activated carbon from mango trees’ wood residues. Pre-treatments for mango tree wood residues were done with carbonization at 400 ᵒC for 30 min. The produced was impregnated in KOH solution (1:1 ratio) for chemical activation. Afterward, the char created was dried at 105 ᵒC for 60 minutes in the oven. Four different diameters of 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm of produced char were achieved. Samples of 100 g from char were activated at four different temperature levels of 300, 350, 400 and 450 ᵒC for activation times of (15, 20, 25 and 30 min), respectively. The gage pressure of the atmosphere was recorded in the activation process at a constant nitrogen flow rate of 50cm³/min. The results showed an effect on the surface area of produced activated carbon. The best surface area for produced activated carbon was 1199. 8m²/g at maximum methylene blue absorption of 528.9 mg/g, the temperature of 400 ᵒC, activation time of 30 min and under atmospheric pressure for the specimens of 3 mm in diameter.
An Iterative Method with Convergence Rate Chosen a priori

With increasing demand for large-scale three-dimensional simulations, iterative methods emerge as methods of choice. In practical situations, the convergence rate of an iterative method may suffer from practices such as violation of local quasi-uniformity of the mesh, certain implementations of the boundary conditions and of multiple point constraints. These phenomena are typically of local nature, e.g., may occur only along a part the boundary or interface between two parts of the model with different physical interpretation. The algebraic multigrid based on the concept of smoothed aggregation coarse space studied previously has proven to be efficient in solving these problems. However, the effect of the prolongator smoothing is global, and performing more smoothing to deal with a few local difficulties would be unnecessarily expensive. In this paper we recall the framework studied previously and extend it by adaptively enriching the coarse space locally in order to eliminate the influence of the above mentioned convergence impeding phenomena. The resulting two-level method is, in principle, capable of yielding any convergence rate chosen a priori.
Privacy Leakage Analysis for Colluding Smart Apps

The rapid proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) has advanced the development of smart environments. By installing smart apps on IoT platforms, users can integrate IoT devices for convenient automation. As smart apps are exposed to a myriad of sensitive data from devices, one severe concern is about the privacy of these digitally augmented spaces. The recent work SAINT [1] has been proposed to detect sensitive data flows in individual smart apps using taint analysis. But it has high false positives and false negatives due to inappropriate consideration of taint seeds and taint sinks.One important security issue ignored by existing work is that the IoT platform supports parent-child smart apps. Their ability to communicate, however, has a negative effect on security. We call the parent-child smart apps colluding smart apps. Unfortunately, no tool exists to detect smart app collusion. We propose PDColA, which addresses the limitations of SAINT, and more importantly, can detect privacy leakages by colluding smart apps. The evaluation results show that PDColA achieves higher accuracies than SAINT in detecting privacy leakages by individual smart apps, and is effective to detect privacy leakages by colluding smart apps.
Archiving Belarus Political Protests: 2020–2021

ABSTRACT The implosion of the USSR in December 1991 was a relatively peaceful process that led to the creation of multiple new states. However, except for the transitional decade of the 90s, and with several frozen conflicts, the new states that emerged in the post-Soviet space embarked upon “a peaceful authoritarian democratic” reimagining of independence. Some have even admired the peaceful destruction of the USSR in comparison to Yugoslavia’s violent disintegration. However, the narrative about the peaceful secessions does not provide an authentic glimpse of what was yet to come almost thirty years later. Until the 2020 protests against President Lukashenko’s dubious victory, Belarus was relatively “calm,” with a blended economic system reminiscent of elements from the Communist past. The present article discusses how at UC Berkeley Library we archived peaceful protests in Belarus from August of 2020-through March of 2021.
Mistaking Noise for Bias - Victimhood and Hutu-Tutsi Reconciliation in East Africa

: The diﬃculty in resurrecting inter-ethnic cooperation in the aftermath of violence and genocide is one of the biggest challenges facing post-conﬂict societies. Using experimental data from post-genocide Rwanda and Burundi, this paper shows that an unwarranted tendency to blame others for negative outcomes is a behavioural barrier that makes reconciliation diﬃcult. We show that individuals systematically (and mistakenly) blame accidental negative shocks (noise) to the deliberate intent of individuals (bias). This “victimhood bias” wherein individuals ascribe noise to bias is much larger for (a) individuals for whom ethnic identity is salient; (b) for those who have had greater exposure to inter-ethnic violence. Further, we observe that both inter-ethnic contact and economic development are associated with a decline in this victimhood bias. Finally, those with a lower victimhood bias are more likely to behave cooperatively in inter-ethnic relationships. Our results suggest that insurance agreements that limit negative shocks and reduce noise, can encourage reconciliation by mitigating feelings of victimhood.
Slenderness in Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete Long Beams

Slenderness influences in steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) long beams are not adequately addressed in current concrete design regulations. The present guidelines are confined to semi-empirical formulations for limiting slenderness ratio, but largely restricted to RC beams. Many scholars have already examined RC long beams and successfully presented the slenderness ratio formula for RC long beams. This article proposes a novel term for limiting the slenderness ratio for SFRC long rectangular beams based on the fundamental principle of mechanics and taking into account the slenderness impact of RC long beams as well as the flexural moment capacity of SFRC beams. The suggested formulation for limiting slenderness ratio agrees closely with experimental data and may reliably forecast the mode of collapse. The proposed limiting slenderness ratio formulation takes into consideration beam end circumstances, loading conditions, concrete strengths, steel, tension and compression reinforcement ratios, and transverse reinforcement ratios, among other factors. It is revealed that a wide variety of slenderness limits may be achieved for varied sets of design parameters. The researchers' predictions and the suggested equation are compared to the test results of 9 SFRC beams. The suggested equation fits well with the results of the tests that have been done so far. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-06-011 Full Text: PDF
Leptin in Egyptian Children with CKD: A Single Center Experience.

Introduction: Leptin, is an anorexigenic hormone that’s secreted by fat tissue, & affect appetite. Aim of the study: The present study evaluated serum leptin level, & its relation to growth parameters in pediatric patients with different stages of CKD. Methods: a cross-sectional study that was conducted on 87 subjects, who were divided into 3 groups equally; CKD stage 5 on regular hemodialysis (CKD5d), & CKD stage 2-4, & age & gender matched controls. Patient with diabetes, infected with hepatitis C virus, & on growth hormone therapy were excluded. Full history taking, assessment of growth parameters using gender & age specific Z-scores of heights, weight & body mass index were done. Fasting serum leptin, calcium, phosphorus, PTH, albumin, total proteins, iron & hemoglobin were measured . Results: Our patients had significantly lower growth parameters compared to controls. Hypocalcemia, high PTH, iron deficiency anemia & hypoalbuminemia were significant in CKD2-4 groups compared to other groups. Serum leptin was abnormally high in 12.6% of CKD patients. The median leptin level was comparable between the groups (p=0.20). Serum leptin hadn’t changed significantly as regards gender, BMI Z-scores, diagnoses, or CKD stage (p= 1.00, 0.379, 0.542, 0.171 respectively). A negative correlation was found between leptin level & CKD duration (r = -0.276, P = 0.036), otherwise, no correlations were found with clinical & laboratory variables. Conclusion & recommendations: Leptin level was not affected by CKD stage & not a useful marker for growth in pediatric CKD patients. Large studies on relationship between leptin & growth are needed.
MULTIVARIABLE GEOSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

ABSTRACT. 412 RESUME. 412 A - INTRODUCTION 413 D - POSITIVE DEFINITENESS B - WHY LINEAR COMBINATIONS? 414 1 - Equivalent definitions C - COKRIGING 414 2 - Models for variograrn 1 - The estimator and the matrices assumptions 414 3 - The linear model 2 - The cokriging equations 415 E - PRACTICAL ASPECTS 3 - Full or undersampled? 416 1 - Problems and difficulties. 4 - Linear combinations 418 2 - Software 5 - Punctual vs block cokriging . 419 3 - Extensions 6 - Non-stationarity . ,. 419 F - ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 7 - Temporal dependence
Prinzipalbündel auf p-adischen Kurven und Paralleltransport

We define functorial isomorphisms of parallel transport along etale paths for a class of G-principal bundles on a p-adic curve where G is a connected reductive algebraic group of finite presentation. This class consists of all principal bundles with potentially strongly semistable reduction of degree zero. In particular, this construction gives us a continous functor from the etale fundamental grupoid of the given curve to the category of topological spaces with a simply transitive continous right G(\mathbb{C}_{p})-action for every such principal bundle. This generalizes the construction of functorial isomorphisms of parallel tranport for a certain class of vector bundles on a p-adic curve by Deninger and Werner and it may be viewed as a partial p-adic analogue of the classical theory by Ramanathan of principal bundles on compact Riemann surfaces which again generalizes the classical Narasimham-Seshadri theory of vector bundles on compact Riemann surfaces.
Stress modification in gold metal thin films during thermal annealing

Corresponding author: a.proszynski@pollub.plStress evolution during deposition of 50 nm Au thin films by thermal evaporation in a UHV systemand then stress modification during thermal vacuum annealing have been performed. For stressmeasurement a substrate curvature approach has been applied. The changes in stress versustemperature linked to a modification of microstructure has been interpreted. To obtain anyinformation about structural changes in the film X-ray diffraction measurements has beenperformed. We can conclude from the measurements that during the first cycle some irreversiblestructural modifications occur in a metal film.Keywords: thin films, annealing, strain, stress.
Estimasi Utilisasi Prosesor pada Jaringan Interkoneksi Optik menggunakan Regresi Gaussian

ABSTRAKTeknologi prosesor paralel melibatkan lebih dari satu node prosesor dalam interkoneksi optik. Unjuk kerja dari desain dari jaringan optik tersebut harus diestimasi sebelum diimplementasikan. Atribut yang bisa diambil diambil dari desain tersebut yaitu nomor node dan thread, distribusi spasial dan temporal, dan rasio T/R. Kajian ini mengevaluasi teknik estimasi utilitasi prosesor menggunakan regresi Gaussian yang dibandingkan dengan Support Vector Machine untuk regresi dan regresi linear. Hasil percobaan penunjukkan bahwa regresi Gaussian menghasilkan akurasi estimasi paling tinggi dengan nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 98.75%. Kata kunci: Utilisasi prosesor, interkoneksi optik, regresi Gaussian ABSTRACTParallel processor technology involves more than one processor node in an optical interconnection. The performance of the design of the optical network must be estimated before further deployment. The attributes that can be obtained from the design are the number of nodes and threads, the spatial and temporal distribution, and the T/R ratio. This study evaluates the processor utility estimation technique using Gaussian regression compared to the Support Vector Machine for linear regression and regression. The experimental results show that Gaussian regression produces the highest estimation accuracy with a coefficient of determination of 98.75%. Keywords: Processor Utilization, Optical Interconnection, Gaussian Regression
Distribution of Endemic Parasitic Diseases in Iraq

T HIS study came as an update on communicable parasitic diseases in Iraq. Leishmaniasis, echinococcosis and toxoplasmosis are the most serious communicable ones with important socio-economic problems. The present study was done during 2021. The study area included all Iraqi provinces, the analysis of all cases has been taken into account for more than ten years ago from 2011 to 2020. The distribution of parasitic communicable diseases in that period included four parasitic diseases; toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis (cutaneous and visceral) and echinococcosis. Communicable parasitic diseases were classified according to provinces, total number of echinococcosis, toxoplasmosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) recorded 6364, 7097, 89359 and 4453, respectively, CL (89359) was the highest communicable disease and the lowest one was VL (4453), with significant differences (p<0.05). Echinococ cosis (6364) and toxoplasmosis (7097) infections were high without significant differences (P>0.05). Sex distribution of communicable parasitic diseases during 2011-2020 were done. In conclusion, this study indicates that communicable parasitosis is endemic in Iraq, it is more prevalent in rural areas than in urban one; because of the environmental factors which play an important role for increasing the chances of infection.
Stellar envelopes with supercritical luminosity

The analytical solutions are obtained for static envelopes at radiative equilibrium for power dependence of opacity on the temperature. The existence of an exact boundary is shown to lie between the regions of static radiative envelopes and stationary outflowing envelopes for which the asymptotic numerical solutions are foundIt is shown that convection makes the static envelope region broader and leads to the existence, for the same parameters, of outflowing and static convective envelopes — i.e., to double-valued solution. The approximate method is indicated for the definition of the boundary of the beginning of the outflow. It is pointed out that our results are, on the whole, applicable to the real cases of the dependence of opacity on the temperature and density.
Diet X Gene Interactions Control Femoral Bone Adaptation to Low Dietary Calcium

Genetics and dietary calcium (Ca) are each critical regulators of peak bone mass but it is unclear how genetics alters the physiologic response of bone to dietary Ca restriction (RCR). Here, we conducted genetic mapping in C57BL/6J × DBA/2J (BXD) recombinant inbred mouse lines to identify environmentally sensitive loci controlling whole‐bone mass (bone mineral density [BMD], bone mineral content [BMC]), distal trabecular bone, and cortical bone midshaft of the femur. Mice were fed adequate (basal) or low Ca diets from 4–12 weeks of age. Femurs were then examined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and micro‐computed tomography (μCT). Body size–corrected residuals were used for statistical analysis, genetic mapping, and to estimate narrow sense heritability (h2). Genetics had a strong impact on femoral traits (eg, bone volume fraction [BV/TV] basal Ca, h2 = 0.60) as well as their RCR (eg, BV/TV, h2 = 0.32). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified up to six loci affecting each bone trait. A subset of loci was detected in both diet groups, providing replication of environmentally robust genetic effects. Several loci control multiple bone phenotypes suggesting the existence of genetic pleiotropy. QTL controlling the bone RCR did not overlap with basal diet QTL, demonstrating genetic independence of those traits. Candidate genes underlying select multi‐trait loci were prioritized by protein coding effects or gene expression differences in bone cells. These include candidate alleles in Rictor (chromosome [chr] 15) and Egfl7 (chr 2) at loci affecting bone in the basal or low Ca groups and in Msr1 (chr 8), Apc, and Camk4 (chr 18) at loci affecting RCR. By carefully controlling dietary Ca and measuring traits in age‐matched mice we identified novel genetic loci determining bone mass/microarchitecture of the distal femur as well as their physiologic adaptation to inadequate dietary Ca intake. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Consumptive water use of banana under micro irrigation using a soil-water balance approximation

ABSTRACT DMulching contributes to the maintenance of soil moisture at reasonable levels for crop growth. It influences the crop water demand and irrigation time. The aim of this study was to estimate evapotranspiration and root water uptake by the ‘BRS Princesa’ banana cultivar through a simple approach using some components of soil water balance within the root zone in bare and mulched soil irrigated by drip and micro sprinkler systems. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with six replicates. The plots consisted of two irrigation systems (drip and micro sprinkler), the subplots consisted of two soil surface conditions: with and without mulch. The alternative approach for soil water percolation in the soil water balance allowed obtaining ETc under field condition with reasonable accuracy. ETc estimated from the root zone water balance is lower than ETc from FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Root water extraction in the mulched soil under drip irrigation is higher than that under micro sprinkler irrigation.