Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully discrete Schwarz waveform relaxation analysis for the heat equation on a finite spatial domain

Schwarz waveform relaxation methods provide space-time parallelism for the solution of time dependent partial differential equations. The algorithms are differentiated by the choice of the transmission conditions enforced at the introduced space-time boundaries. Early results considered the theoretical analysis of these algorithms in the continuous and semi-discrete (in space) settings for various families of linear partial differential equations. Later, fully discrete results were obtained under the simplifying assumption of an infinite spatial domain. In this paper, we provide a first analysis of a fully discrete classical Schwarz Waveform algorithm for the one–dimensional heat equation on an arbitrary but finite number of bounded subdomains. The θ –method is chosen as the time integrator. Convergence results are given in both the infinity norm and two norm, with an explicit contraction given in the case of a uniform partitioning. The results are compared to the numerics and to the earlier theoretical results.
Evaluation of new iterative and rebinning reconstruction algorithms in fully three-dimensional positron emission tomography

A n evaluation of new reconstruction algorithms for 3D positron emission tomography is presented. Using phantom and patient data, the standard 3D filtered backprojection algorithm is used to assess the merits of faster alternatives to full 3D reconstructions: F O R E + 2D F B P , F O R E + O S E M and F O R E + S A G E . The phantom figures of merit that are used to evaluate these new algorithms are: resolution, noise, contrast recovery, signal-to-noise ratio, image uniformity and time activity curve variability. Using patient scans, the images are compared to 3D F B P reconstructions by examining the differences in radial profiles, region of interest activity, image root-mean-square, Logan slopes and computational demands. Both phantom and patient data analysis indicates that F O R E + 2D F B P performs equally well as 3D F B P in terms of all figures of merit examined, with the exception that image uniformity and time activity curve variability are better than for 3D F B P . One clear benefit in using F O R E . + 2D F B P is that reconstruction is 10 times faster than 3D F B P . Based on the results obtained 3D F B P can be replaced by F O R E + 2D F B P with no significant impact on subsequent analysis. " Distribution volume ratios obtained with F O R E + 2D F B P were different from 3D F B P results by 0.2 ± 0.4 % for cortical input function and —1.5 ± 0.4 % for cerebellar input function. Both O S E M and S A G E performed well, with increased resolution and distribution volume differences being < 3% for either input function.
Progress, challenges, and perspectives on polymer substrates for emerging flexible solar cells: A holistic panoramic review

In pursuit of a renewable, inexpensive, sustainable, and compact energy source to replace fossil fuels, solar photovoltaic devices have become an ideal alternative to meet human needs for environmentally friendly, affordable, and portable power sources. It is due to their excellent mechanical robustness and outstanding energy conversion efficiency. Concerning the increasing demand for flexible and wearable electronic devices with standalone power sources, much attention has been paid to photovoltaics' flexibility and lightweight developments. Along with high mechanical flexibility and lightweight, flexible photovoltaic devices have the advantages of conformability, bendability, wearability, moldability, and roll‐to‐roll processing into complex shapes that can produce niche products. Emerging solar cells, among other photovoltaic technologies, have been exalted for their high conversion efficiency, low cost, and ease of production, making them a viable new‐generation photovoltaic technology. The main commercialization choice for cutting‐edge solar cells is flexible dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells since they can be made using a roll‐to‐roll printing technique and are appropriate for mass manufacturing. More significantly, flexible evolving solar cells may be created on ultrathin and light substrates to fulfill the demands of the developing flexible electronics industry and discover uses that are not possible with traditional photovoltaic technology. In any flexible device, the substrate is a backbone on which further materials rely. A flexible substrate reduces the installation and transportation charges, thereby reducing the system price and increasing power conversion efficiency. In this review, we comprehensively assess relevant materials suitable for making flexible photovoltaic devices. Several flexible substrate materials, including ultra‐thin glass, metal foils, and various types of polymer materials, have been considered. For conducting materials, transparent conducting oxides, metal nanowires/grids, carbon nanomaterials, and conducting polymers have also been comprehended. Progress on various flexible foils, fabrication and stability issues, current challenges, and solutions to those challenges of using conductive polymer substrate is endorsed and reviewed in detail. The originality of this holistic study lies in its ability to offer a thorough overview of recent advancements in flexible dye‐sensitized and perovskite solar cells on polymer substrates, which is conceivable and worthy as a roadmap for future research work.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Spectral Datasets in South Africa for Precision Agriculture

Remote sensing data play a crucial role in precision agriculture and natural resource monitoring. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can provide solutions to challenges faced by farmers and natural resource managers due to its high spatial resolution and flexibility compared to satellite remote sensing. This paper presents UAV and spectral datasets collected from different provinces in South Africa, covering different crops at the farm level as well as natural resources. UAV datasets consist of five multispectral bands corrected for atmospheric effects using the PIX4D mapper software to produce surface reflectance images. The spectral datasets are filtered using a Savitzky–Golay filter, corrected for Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC). The first and second derivatives and the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) spectra are also calculated. These datasets can provide baseline information for developing solutions for precision agriculture and natural resource challenges. For example, UAV and spectral data of different crop fields captured at spatial and temporal resolutions can contribute towards calibrating satellite images, thus improving the accuracy of the derived satellite products.
Species composition, damage and methods of protection from pests in the greenhouse

As vegetable crops are essential for feeding the world's population, significant effort is put into growing environmentally friendly food while also raising production, reducing prices, and improving export potential. In the world, 2.496 million hectares of land are planted with cucumbers, producing 83.8 million tonnes of vegetables yearly. At 65 million tonnes, China is in first place, followed by Iran, Russia, Turkey, and the United States. Vegetable crops are essential for feeding the world's population, which implies their significance in ensuring food security. Additionally, the text mentions that efforts are being made to cultivate ecologically sound produce, increase productivity, and enhance export potential. Results showed that the pest caused a sharp decrease in carbohydrate levels in plant stems and roots, disrupted photosynthesis and metabolism in leaves, and caused changes in leaf shape. Severe damage could result in plant death and reduced yields. The effectiveness of three chemical insecticides, namely Xen pin R, Cruiser, and Viospilan, against aphids was tested. Xen pin R and Cruiser showed high efficacy against aphids, resulting in 94.3-98.2% and 84.4-90.0% yield on the 21st and 14th day, respectively.
Nonlinear Robust Control by a Modulating-Function-Based Backstepping Super-Twisting Controller for a Quadruple Tank System

In this paper, a robust nonlinear approach for control of liquid levels in a quadruple tank system (QTS) is developed based on the design of an integrator backstepping super-twisting controller, which implements a multivariable sliding surface, where the error trajectories converge to the origin at any operating point of the system. Since the backstepping algorithm is dependent on the derivatives of the state variables, and it is sensitive to measurement noise, integral transformations of the backstepping virtual controls are performed via the modulating functions technique, rendering the algorithm derivative-free and immune to noise. The simulations based on the dynamics of the QTS located at the Advanced Control Systems Laboratory of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) showed a good performance of the designed controller and therefore the robustness of the proposed approach.
Multispectral remote sensing image registration based on maximally stable extremal regions

Image registration is a vital step in the processing of multispectral remotesensing imagery. This paper presents a robust multispectral remotesensing image registration algorithm based on maximally stable extremal regions (MSERs). Firstly, MSERs are detected independently in the reference image and the sensed image. Secondly, the SIFT descriptor is adopted to capture texture information in the detected regions, while an affine invariant shape descriptor for MSER is constructed to ensure that features can be reliably matched regardless of the appearance change. Both the SIFT descriptors and the shape descriptors are matched using the Euclidean distance measurement. Matching results are then combined and the optimal corresponding points are chosen to estimate the transformation parameters. Finally, random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is applied for geometry estimation. Experimental results on various image pairs demonstrate that the proposed MSER based algorithm is very effective for multispectral remotesensing image registration.
The Association between Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness with Body Mass Index and Sleep Time in Chilean Girls and Boys: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: In recent decades, the school population has undergone behavioral changes that have affected their health and adult life. The current educational scenario presents high levels of sedentary behavior, physical inactivity, low physical fitness, high levels of obesity, and non-compliance with sleep recommendations. In Chile, the scientific evidence on associations between these behaviors is incipient. Objective: To analyze the association between sedentary behavior, physical activity, and physical fitness with BMI and minutes of sleep in Chilean children aged 10 to 11 years. Methods: A non-probabilistic convenience sample of 222 schoolchildren aged 10 to 11 years. The variables measured were body composition (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run test), lower and upper muscular strength (long jump test and handgrip dynamometry), speed (4 × 10 m running), and flexibility (sit and reach test). Physical activity and sleep were measured by accelerometers. Results: Of the participants, 60.4% and 90.6% did not comply with sleep and physical activity recommendations, respectively. Physical fitness was higher in boys in all components. The results of the linear regression show that in girls, moderate–vigorous-intensity physical activity, lower- and upper-body muscular strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance were associated with BMI and sleep. In boys, light-intensity physical activity and upper-body muscular strength were associated with both variables. Conclusions: Physical activity intensity, strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with BMI and sleep; however, physical activity intensity and associated physical fitness components differed by gender.
Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties of 3D-Printed Dental Resin Reinforced with Glass Silica and Zirconia Nanoparticles: In Vitro Study

This study aimed to assess the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of dental resin reinforced with different nanoparticle additives. Temporary crown specimens were 3D-printed and grouped based on nanoparticle type and amount, including zirconia and glass silica. Flexural strength testing evaluated the material’s ability to withstand mechanical stress using a three-point bending test. Biocompatibility was tested using MTT and dead/live cell assays to assess effects on cell viability and tissue integration. Fractured specimens were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for fracture surface examination and elemental composition determination. Results show that adding 5% glass fillers and 10–20% zirconia nanoparticles significantly improves the flexural strength and biocompatibility of the resin material. Specifically, the addition of 10%, 20% zirconia, and 5% glass silica by weight significantly increases the flexural strength of the 3D-printed resins. Biocompatibility testing reveals cell viabilities greater than 80% in all tested groups. Reinforced 3D-printed resin holds clinical potential for restorative dentistry, as zirconia and glass fillers have been shown to enhance mechanical and biocompatibility properties of dental resin, making it a promising option for dental restorations. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of more effective and durable dental materials.
Identification of Factors Related to the Quality of Lymphadenectomy for Lung Cancer: Secondary Analysis of Prospective Randomized Trial Data

The outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer surgery are influenced by the quality of lymphadenectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different energy devices on lymphadenectomy quality and identify additional influencing factors. This secondary analysis of the prospective randomized trial data (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03125798) compared patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy with the LigaSure device (study group, n = 96) and monopolar device (control group, n = 94). The primary endpoint was the lobe-specific mediastinal lymphadenectomy. Lobe-specific mediastinal lymphadenectomy criteria were met in 60.4% and 38.3% of patients in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.002). In addition, in the study group, the median number of mediastinal lymph node stations removed was higher (4 vs. 3, p = 0.017), and complete resection was more often achieved (91.7% vs. 80.9%, p = 0.030). Logistic regression analysis indicated that lymphadenectomy quality was positively associated with the use of the LigaSure device (OR, 2.729; 95% CI, 1.446 to 5.152; p = 0.002) and female sex (OR, 2.012; 95% CI, 1.058 to 3.829; p = 0.033), but negatively associated with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR, 0.781; 95% CI, 0.620 to 0.986; p = 0.037), left lower lobectomy (OR, 0.263; 95% CI, 0.096 to 0.726; p = 0.010) and middle lobectomy (OR, 0.136; 95% CI, 0.031 to 0.606, p = 0.009). This study found that using the LigaSure device can improve the quality of lymphadenectomy in lung cancer patients and also identified other factors that affect the quality of lymphadenectomy. These findings contribute to improving lung cancer surgical treatment outcomes and provide valuable insights for clinical practice.
Pleurotus ostreatus Can Significantly Improve the Nutritive Value of Lignocellulosic Crop Residues

Improvement in the nutritive value of corn stover after solid-state fermentation with Pleurotus ostreatus is reported. Two ruminally cannulated dairy cows were used in an in vitro study arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial design with four replicates using P. ostreatus-treated corn stover. The increase in crude protein (58.5%) and ash (25.8%) contents of the treated stover were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the control. Results suggest a potential increase in in vitro microbial protein synthesis due to a consistent increase (p < 0.001) in microbial mass yield (106–681%), irrespective of the incubation time. The fiber components of the corn stover, except lignin, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and the non-fiber carbohydrates were increased by 118% in the treated samples. There was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in both in vitro dry matter disappearance (40.9–240%) and total VFA (5.85–11.2%). Treatment and time interaction was significant (p < 0.001) for propionate production (9.37–14.0%), indicating that the propionate rumen fermentation pathway was preferred. Acetate concentration was reduced (1.76–4.01%), which also resulted in a 7.09–11.42% decrease in the A:P ratio. Overall, results showed that P. ostreatus improved the nutritive value of corn stover by increasing its energetic values, crude protein, microbial mass, and total volatile fatty acid concentrations.
ESG: From Process to Product

ESG measurement, analysis, management, and communication is a process that the financial industry has turned into a product , resulting in many investment funds using the ESG label. This has caused confusion, generating demand for a framework that defines the objectives and characteristics of ESG investment products. The main objective is to intentionally allocate capital and influence investees with measurable financial, environmental and/or social outcomes. The key characteristics are those of intentionality and measurability with the additional characteristics of materiality and additionality serving to enhance their overall significance.
Barriers and Facilitators for Female Healthcare Professionals to Be Leaders in Pakistan: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Purpose Despite being in high numbers in medical colleges, only a small proportion of women join the workforce and even fewer reach leadership positions in Pakistan. Organizations like United Nations and Women Global Health are working towards closing the gender gap. The study aims to explore the enablers and barriers for women in healthcare leadership and to explore the strategies to promote women in leadership positions in Pakistan’s specific societal culture. Methods In this qualitative exploratory study, semi-structured interviews of 16 women holding leadership positions in the health-care profession, ie, medical and dental (basic or clinical sciences) were included. The data were collected until saturation was achieved. The data were analyzed in MS Excel. Deductive and Inductive thematic analysis was done. Results Thirty-eight codes were generated that were combined in the form of categories. The major themes that emerged from the data were: elevating factors, the shackles holding them back, let us bring them up and implicit bias. Elevating factors were intrinsic motivation and exceptional qualifications, while the shackles were related to gender bias, male insecurities, and lack of political background. It was noteworthy that differences in gender roles were highly defined by culture and religion. Conclusion There is a need to change the perception of South Asian society and redefine gender roles through media and individual attempts. Women must take charge of their choices and believe in themselves. The institutional policies to help promote gender equality would be mentorship programs for new faculty, gender-responsive training for everyone, equal opportunities for all, and maintaining gender diversity on all committees.
Methods of storing broccoli in different periods

A lot of scientific research work has been carried out on the cultivation, storage and processing of broccoli around the world. These studies were mainly carried out in the directions of creating varieties and hybrids, cultivation in different periods and selection of varieties. In the following years, China, Japan and European countries mainly developed broccoli hybrids, processing and packaging. Growing and eating broccoli in Uzbekistan is not as widespread as other vegetables. In addition, studies on marketability and nutritional value, storability, and primary processing directions have been little studied. In this regard, the introduction of science-based technologies into production will help to increase economic efficiency by increasing product production, efficient use of irrigated areas, and maintaining the yield of cultivated broccoli. This article presents the results of research on the cultivation of broccoli seedlings in the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan, planting at different periods and its growth, development, yield, storage and, selection of varieties and hybrids, as well as the impact of weather conditions. According to the results of the study, high productivity and longer storage were achieved in the cultivation of hybrids Naxos F1 and Agassi F1 hybrids. It is reported that the best result in the storage of raw materials in various methods and containers is achieved in the use of polyethene films.
Development of the “black list” of the flora for the Chelyabinsk region of Russia

The results of the study of alien species of the Chelyabinsk region, which form invasions in different ecological and geographical conditions of the region, are presented. A preliminary “black list” of the flora of the region has been compiled, including 64 species of invasive alien plants. Using the recommendations for compiling regional “Black Books” or “Black List”, the species included in the specified list are ranked by us into four categories according to their invasive status. Information is based on indications of reliably known places of introduction and growth of alien species, sources and time of introduction, degree of naturalization and communities with their participation. The presented materials reflect the state of invasive processes in the region and can be used to prepare the “Black Book of the Southern Urals”.
Strategic races: understanding racial categories in Japanese-occupied Singapore

ABSTRACT This paper examines Japanese policies toward different races (minzoku) in Singapore during the Second World War. These policies, which victimized the Chinese community and appeared to favor others such as the Malay and Indian communities, fostered inter-racial resentments that would persist long after the war. Drawing on internal occupation guidelines produced by the Japanese state and the accounts of the administrators who implemented them, this paper shows that the treatment of the Chinese community was in fact a direct result of the perceived significance of these groups to the success or failure of Japan’s wartime imperial project in Southeast Asia. Groups whose importance the Japanese initially dismissed, however, had greater freedom to chart their own destinies and demand Japan live up to its promise of an “Asia for Asians” as the war progressed.