Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microbial Geochemistry of the Sulfur, Iron, Manganese, and Calcium Cycles in the San Diego River Watershed, Southern California USA

Microbial populations involved in forming the distinctive precipitates of the S, Fe, Mn, and Ca cycles in the San Diego River watershed reflect an interplay between mineralogy of the rocks in the watershed, sparse rainfall, ground- and surface-water anoxia, and runoff of high sulfate, treated imported water. In the less developed headwaters, Temescal Creek tributary emerges from pyrite-bearing metamorphic rocks, and thus exhibits both an oxidized Fe and reduced S cycle. In the middle reaches, the river moves through developed land where treated, imported high sulfate Colorado River water enters from urban runoff. Mast Park surrounded by caliche-bearing sedimentary rocks is a site where marl is precipitating. Cobbles in riffles in the river are coated black with Mn oxide. When the river encounters deep-seated volcanic bedrock, it wells up to precipitate both Fe and Mn oxides at Old Mission Dam. Then, directly flowing through caliche-laced sedimentary rocks, Birchcreek tributary precipitates tufa. Further downstream, at a site that periodically receives full sunlight, a sulfuretum sets up during the summer when the river is deoxygenated. Such a rich geochemistry results in activity of iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, and cyanobacteria precipitating calcareous marl and tufa.
EFFECT OF AMINO ACIDS AND MICRONUTRIENTS FOLIAR APPLICATION ON ONION GROWTH, YILD AND ITS COMPONENTS AND CHEMICAL CHRACTERISTICS

Two field experiments were carried out at Bahteem farm, Agricultural Research Station, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, in two successive winter seasons during 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 on onion crop. The objective of these experiments are to study the effect of micronutrients mixture (Zn 1.5%, Mn 2%, Fe 3%, Cu 1%,MgO 4% and B 0.5%) applied at two concentrations of 250 and 500g fed and free amino acids mixture (29.7% w/v) also at two concentrations of 1.5 and 3.00 L fed-1 on onion plant growth, dry matter yield, its yield components and chemical characteristics (bulb total soluble solids, bulb pH and bulb NPK contents) of onion variety Giza 20. Both micronutrients and free amino acids mixture were sprayed on onion plants at two periods of 60 and 75 days from transplanting. Results indicate that foliar application for both amino acids and micronutrients together on onion plants led to an increase in onion yield and its components, total soluble solids and NPK bulb contents. However, the foliar spray effect of both amino acids (1.5 L fed) and micronutrients (250 g fed) on all the onion plant tested parameters was superior than those recorded due to the use of both amino acids (3 L fed) and micronutrients (500 g fed) without significant difference. In conclusion, the foliar spray of both amino acids and micronutrients together on onion plants could improve the onion yield and its components.
Habitat determines convergent evolution of cephalic horns in vipers

Phenotypic convergence of traits in similar environments can provide insights into the evolutionary processes shaping trait evolution. Among squamate reptiles, horn-like cephalic appendages have evolved under various selective pressures, including selection for defence, crypsis or sexual selection. Yet, among snakes, particularly vipers, the functional and evolutionary significance of horns are unknown. We used a comparative phylogenetic approach with habitat and diet data on 263 viper taxa to shed light on the selective pressures underlying horn evolution in vipers. We detected significant correlations with habitat but not diet. The relative positions of horns are ecologically divergent in that supranasal horns are positively correlated with terrestrial forest habitats while supraocular horns are negatively correlated with terrestrial forest habitats and associated with arboreal or sparsely vegetated habitats. Multiple independent origins of supranasal or supraocular horns in similar habitats provide evidence of adaptive convergence. Comparisons with other snake lineages suggest that cephalic appendages may have evolved under selection for crypsis in ambush foraging snakes.
Effect of Restoring Missing Maxillary Primary Incisors on Speech of Children

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of restoring missing maxillary primary incisors on speech of children and parent satisfaction to restoration of speech. Materials and methods: The present study was designed as a case control study. A total of 40 children in the age range of 3.3-5.5 years were selected and divided into two groups. Group A: Twenty children with normal anterior maxillary teeth. Group B: Twenty children with a history of premature loss of maxillary primary incisors. The second group will be evaluated by articulation test for every child to detect any articulation error. Each child was evaluated four times as follow: Before restoration of missing incisors, immediately after restorable with fixed appliance, at 2week after restorable with fixed appliance and finally at 4week after restorable with fixed appliance. After that a questionnaire was provided to the parents. It designed from seven questions to evaluate the effect of restoration of missing teeth on speech of studied children. Results : The results of this study showed there was statistically significant difference between control and intervention group studied at pre denture and immediately after denture. On the other hand, there are no statistically differences between intervention and control group at 2 and 4 weeks of denture application. At the end of follow up period, (after 4 weeks), all intervention group children become normal in speaking the sound (/س/, / ص/, /ز/, /ظ/ and /ف/). Conclusions: Early intervention of early loss of primary maxillary anterior teeth can prevent speech problems in children and satisfaction of parent to restoration of missing maxillary anterior primary teeth with fixed appliance.
Disease Incidence and Genetic Analysis of Adult Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in Some Egyptian Wheat Cultivars

This research has been carried out to study the disease incidence and genetic analysis of adult plant resistance to leaf rust in eight Egyptian wheat varieties, Misr1, Misr2, Misr3, Gemmeiza11, Gemmeiza12, Sids1, Shandweel-1 and Sakha94 crossed with Triticum spelta saharensis (T.s.s.) as a highly susceptible tester wheat variety at Bahtem Agricultural Research Station, Agr. Res. Center during 2018-2021 growing seasons. The nine wheat genotypes and F2 plants of eight crosses with T.s. s. were estimated to disease incidence measurements and quantitative genetic analysis to leaf rust adult plant resistance. The nine wheat genotypes tested were divided into two resistance groups according to disease incidence measurements (FRS, r-value and AUDPC), the first group having the high and moderate levels of partial resistance i.e., Misr1, Misr2, Misr3, Gemmeiza12, Shandweel-1 and Sakha94, this group is of major importance for efficacious breeding for leaf rust durable resistance, while cultivars Gemmeiza11, Sids1 and T.s. s. were included in the second group with high values of FRS, r-value and AUDPC. The F2 populations, F1 and parents for each of the eight crosses were tested for adult plant disease severity. The quantitative analysis of the F1and F2 mean value of leaf rust severity in the eight crosses was mostly lower than the mean value estimated for their respective mid parents and indicated that rust resistance was partial dominance expecting crosses (T.s.s. × Sids1) in F1 and (T.s.s. × Gemmeiza11) in F2, the positive values were higher than the respective mid-parents, which indicates existence an overdominance towards susceptibility of these crosses. The heritability in its broadsense estimated from the variance parents F1and F2 for partial leaf rust resistance, is considered to be high in magnitude, since the values ranged from 63.99 to 96.51%. The number of genes of each analyzed parent is controlled by three, two and a pair of genes. Generality, this outcome in the adult plant stage suggests which selection for this trait may be possible in the first segregating generations. Although the delay would be more efficacious, according to the important role that dominance impacts play in trait expression the selection of resistant adult plants in the subsequent generation of segregation would be useful for the development of a high-yielding wheat genotype under Egyptian condition.
Automatic Classification of Blue and White Porcelain Sherds Based on Data Augmentation and Feature Fusion

ABSTRACT Many blue and white porcelain are unearthed in Jingdezhen every year. The patterns on the sherds have important research significance. At present, the classification of porcelain shards is mainly based on manual work, which has the disadvantages of large workload. The use of automatic classification methods also faces complex patterns and sample sizes. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a new automatic recognition method based on deep learning, including data preprocessing method combined with color segmentation algorithm, a new data augmentation method FCutMix for regions of interest, a new integration strategy and the redesigned deep network model FFCNet that integrates multiple features. After experiments, the data preprocessing method, feature fusion method and integration strategy proposed in the paper can effectively improve the performance of the model by removing redundant information and adding effective features. The FCutMix method can also obtain more accurate mixed samples than the traditional CutMix. The method proposed in this paper improves the accuracy of tasks in 14 categories from 71.7% to 83.2% in a dataset containing only 373 images of porcelain sherds. In the future, this research will further design the network structure and multi-level feature fusion.
A Fuzzy Interpolation Cross-Correlation Method for Time-Delay Estimation of Partial Discharge UHF Pulse Signals

Time-delay estimation of partial discharge (PD) ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) pulse signals is one of the effective means to diagnose the local defect of electrical equipment. In order to improve the time-delay estimation accuracy of a multielement PD UHF pulse signal sensor array and reduce the cost of the PD detection system, a fuzzy interpolation cross-correlation method for time-delay estimation of PD UHF pulse signals was proposed in this paper. Improving the signal sampling rate is an effective way to improve the time-delay estimation accuracy. In this work, the fuzzy interpolation inference method was applied to interpolate intermediate values into the feature area of the PD UHF signal to improve the sampling rate, and then the cross-correlation method was used to estimate the time delay. This method not only improves the system sampling rate by fuzzy interpolation inference, which can make up for the deficiency of system equipment sampling performance, but also reduces the estimation error caused by noninteger multiple sampling intervals of signal time delay. The comparative experiment results demonstrate the power of the proposed method in improving the accuracy of the time-delay estimation of PD UHF pulse signals.
Comparison of the Effect of Three Remineralizing Agents on Surface Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Primary Teeth Enamel

Background: Prevention of initial dental caries has an essential role instead of the treatment especially in children. Aim: to evaluate the effect of nano-bioactive glass paste, CPP-ACP paste and fluoride varnish on the artificially induced carious lesion of the primary teeth enamel regarding surface microhardness and surface roughness. Materials and methods: sixty extracted primary second molars were divided into four groups (n=15) as follow; group A (Bioactive glass paste), group B (CPP-ACP pasteGC tooth mousse), group C (fluoride varnishFluor Protector), group D (control group). The surface microhardness (Vickers Microhardness machine) and surface roughness (Stylus Profilometer) were measured for the control group D as a baseline and for the other three groups after demineralization. After that, different remineralizing agents for 10 days were applied. Then another surface microhardness and roughness tests were done for all groups. The data were collected and statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA test with Post Hoc Tukey test. Results: Both BAG paste and CPP-ACP paste have a highly significant recovery in compared to fluoride varnish after remineralization in microhardness and SEM evaluation but there was no significant difference between the different study groups in the surface roughness results Conclusion: All of three agents BAG, CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish are capable to remineralize early carious lesions while BAG is more effective than CPP-ACP but eventually both have similar remineralization potential which is higher than the
Retinal self-organization: a model of RGC and SAC mosaic formation

Individual retinal cell types exhibit semi-regular spatial patterns called retinal mosaics. These mosaics enable uniform sampling of visual information and are formed to varying degrees across cell types. Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and amacrine cells (including starburst amacrine cells (SAC)) are notably known to exhibit such layouts. Mechanisms responsible for the formation of such organised structures and their requirements are still not well understood. Mosaic formation follows three main principles: (1) homotypic cells prevent nearby cells from adopting the same type, (2) cell tangential migration, with homotypic cell repulsion, (3) cell death (with RGCs exhibiting high rates of apoptosis). Here, we use BioDynaMo, an agent-based simulation framework, to build a detailed and mechanistic model of mosaic formation. In particular, we investigate the implications of the three theories for RGC’s mosaic formation. We report that the cell migration mechanism yields the most regular mosaics and that cell death can create regular mosaics only if the death rate is kept below 30%, after which cell death has a negative impact on mosaic regularity. In addition, and in accordance with recent studies, we propose here that low density RGC type mosaics exhibit on average low regularities, and thus we question the relevance of regular spacing as a criterion for a group of RGCs to form a RGC type. We also investigate SAC mosaics formation and possible interactions between the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) populations. Investigations are conducted both experimentally and by applying our simulation model to the SAC population. We report that homotypic interactions between the GCL and INL populations during mosaics creation are required to reproduce the observed SAC mosaics’ characteristics. This suggests that the GCL and INL populations of SACs might not be independent during retinal development. Author Summary Retinal function depends on cells self-organisation during early development. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this self-organisation could improve not only our comprehension of the retina and its development but also of the cortex. Ultimately, this could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for developmental diseases. Computational models can be of precious help to study this process of self-organisation, given that they are biologically plausible. In this sense, it is important that implemented developmental mechanisms follow the principle of locally available information, without any global knowledge or external supervisor. Here, we follow this principle to investigate mosaic formation during retinal development. In this work, we demonstrate that tangential migration is the only mechanism able to form regular mosaics and that the GCL/INL SAC populations might not be independent during their mosaic formation. More, we question the relevance of regular spacing for RGC types classification.
Efficacy of Hyaluronic Acid Injections versus Steroid Injections on Painful Tendinopathies

Background: Tendinopathies are manifested by pain, swelling, and limited mobility functions. Corticosteroid injections have been a mainstay in the treatment of tendinopathy, and are widely used despite the controversy regarding their usefulness and safety. The peri-tendinous administration of hyaluronic acid (HA) has shown promising results in the management of tendinopathy. Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of peri-tendinous injections of hyaluronic acid versus steroid injections on pain reduction in patients with painful tendinopathies. Patients and methods: A prospective study, including a total of 90 patients with tendinopathy who were recruited from the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Outpatient Clinic at Sohag University Hospital. Demographic data including age, disease duration, and tendon affected were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups, each group contained 30 patients. First group received peritendinous steroid injection, second group received peritendinous hyaluronic acid injection, and the third group received both peritendinous hyaluronic acid and steroid injections. Groups were compared using in visual analogue scale, tenderness and range of motion after one week, one month and after 3 months from injection. Results: Best improvement was seen in the group of combined hyaluronic acid and steroid; followed by the group of steroid injection alone, which showed early response better than hyaluronic acid alone. Conclusion: Local injection for tendinopathies by combined hyaluronic acid and steroid gives significantly better and more long standing effect compared to either hyaluronic acid or steroid alone. On the other hand, monotherapy showed non-significant difference between steroid and hyaluronic acid.
Catalunya, la fàbrica d'Espanya (Un siglo de industrialización catalana, 1833–1936), Barcelona, Ajuntament de Barcelona/Generalitat de Catalunya, 1985, 201 pp. (índice)

campesinos expulsados de sus explotaciones. El problema, a mi ver, esta en otra parte. El antiguo regimen economico se caracterizaba, tan to en Espana como fuera de ella, por la supervivencia de cierto numero de areas marginales, montanosas o no, que habian vivido en regimen de autosuficiencia relativa y con frecuencia se encontraban superpobladas, de forma relativa tambien. Pero, en el contexto de una economia en fase de transition al capitalismo, esta situation era dificilmente sostenible, sobre todo cuando dichas areas no se beneficiaban de producciones con ventajas comparativas ni de rentas de situation, como en el caso de la Penibetica, en Espana, o la Baja Provenza, en Francia. Asi, no es que Teruel «hubiera perdido su oportunidad y partiera retrasada frente a otras zonas en la carrera del progreso economico»; es que simplemente no la tenfa dentro del nuevo sistema. M. Teresa PEREZ PICAZO Universidad de Murcia
Flow exchange and unsaturated permeability of cracked clay: experimental and modelling

Abstract Cohesive soil was often submitted to the shrinkage when it is dried. Constrained shrinkage and heterogeneity of the soil in terms of density or porosity and water content conduct to cracks of the fine soil. The unsaturated permeability as a function of suction changes significantly with cracks number and opening. The paper aims to study the flow exchange flow in the unsaturated cracked clay flow, by measurement of the unsaturated permeability using tensiometer and hygrometer sensors in cracked specimens under drying and controlled in an environmental chamber. The instantaneous profile method was used to interpret these tests. Cracks were characterised by Image Analysis which conducted to define some known quantitative parameters as the Cracks Intensity Factor (CIF). Aiming at reproducing the experimental results, the paper presents a model which leads to the prediction of the suction field and the flow rate exchange. This model integrates analytical equations of the unsaturated permeability and water retention property of the cracked soil and also the shrinkage behaviour. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is highlighted in terms of flow exchange rate.
DNA FINGERPRINTING TO IDENTIFY SOME FABA BEAN (Vicia faba L.) VARIETIES

The objectives of this study were to identify ten faba bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties using DNA fingerprinting detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The RAPD analysis for the ten faba bean varieties utilizing five random 10mer primers was showed that the number of bands for each primer ranged from one (A12) to 12 (B10). The molecular size of the bands for each primer ranged from 85 bp(B01) to 10744 bp. (B 20). Primer(A12)gave a maximum of 7bands ranged from 260 to 4710 bp. One specific band was exhibited for G.717 faba bean variety with 2901 bp. This band could be used to characterize this variety from the others. Primer (A07) exhibited 5 amplification product at the molecular size ranged between 510 and 4385 bp.A specific band was exhibited for Y.S. variety of 4385 bp, this band could be used to distinguish this variety. Primer (B 20) gave a maximum 16 bands ranged from 275 to 10744 bp. Some varieties had some specific bands which could be used to identify them among the others. For instance, Nu.1 variety contained three specific bands of 2153 bp, 1015 bp and 820 bp. Primer(B10)gave amaximum12 bands ranging from 460 bp to 3635 bp.The fragment with the molecular size of 1850 was present in all varieties except for Y.S. Primer(B01) gave a maximum of 15 bands ranged between 85 and 8080 bp. Variety Sa.2 could be distinguish from the others varieties by the presence of unique fragments at 8080 bp. Also, two specific bands which were found in Y.S. variety with 4985 bp and 2445 bp. These could be used to characterize and identify this variety among others (as a positive specific marker)
PREDICTON OF PERFORMANCE BASED ON DIFFERENT ECONOMIC TRAITS IN DANDARAWI AND GOLDEN MONTAZAH PULLETS.

Different prediction equations were established for egg production (EN90), egg weight (EW90), egg mass (EM90) in the first 90 days of production, sexual maturity, specific gravity (SG), shell thickness (ST) and shape index (SI) of egg based on the coefficient values of selected variables under each. Data from Dandarawi (Dand) and Golden Montazah (GM) were used. The R-square values of each equation were calculated. EN90 is a function of either EW90 or EM90 (Dand). EW90 is a function of each of keel length at 8 weeks of age (KL8,Dand) and KL12 in GM. SG is a function of ST for both breeds. More EN90 can be predicted through lighter body weight (BW8) and longer shank length (SL8) at eight weeks of age, however, heavier BW8 and shorter SL8 at eight weeks of age can be used as predictors for higher EM90 for Dand pullets. Heavier body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM) and longer KL12 resulted in retardation of sexual maturation for Dand. The only significant positive factor resulting in 14.5% of the variability in EW90 was BW12 for GM. Heavier BW8 was associated with decreasing EN90 in Dand. Each of EN90, EW90 and BW8 were significantly increased EM90 for Dand, whereas SL8 negatively associated with its EM90. For GM, EN90 and EW90 significantly increased EM90. In general, equations used for predicting economic traits that had highly significant R-square indicating that variables associated with each Ytrait were actual and prediction for future economic production will be reliable .