Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between health-related quality of life and demographic characteristics in patients with chronic hepatitis B

Introduction: The evaluation of health-related quality of life at specific intervals in chronic hepatitis B patients is important in terms of producing interventions aimed at raising quality of life. Aim: The purpose of this study was to measure health-related quality of life in CHB patients and to evaluate its association with demographic characteristics. Material and Method: The study was conducted with CHB patients presenting to the infectious diseases clinic between 01 January and 15 March, 2020. Date were collected demographic characteristics, and with the short form-36 (SF-36). Results: Two hundred fourteen patients diagnosed with CHB and receiving nucleos(t)ide therapy were included in the study. Patients’ mean age was 41.9±12.9 years, 60.7% (n=130) were men, 83.6% were married, and 44.9% were educated to middle school level. Mean scores on all subscales were higher among men. Patients’ SF-36 subscale scores differed significantly in terms of education. Unmarried individuals registered higher mean scales on the SF-36 subscales compared to married participants. The score distributions of housewives and clerical workers differed significantly on the physical functioning (PF), social functioning (SF), and physical role limitation (PRL) subscales (p<0.001, p=0.004, and p=0.003, respectively). Patients’ mental health subscale scores were significantly differently distributed depending on smoking status (p=0.015). PF, PRL, social role limitation, and energy/fatigue subscale scores differed significantly between participants living in urban areas and those from outlying districts or villages (p<0.01). Conclusion: It is of great importance for patients’ demographic characteristics to be evaluated during follow-up and for appropriate clinical support to be provided when required.
XV. Sekundäre Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse in Mineralien

Wissenschaftliches Studium der Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse in Krislallen, die zuerst von D. B r e w s t e r (1) in seinen bekannten Arbeiten entdeckt wurden, führ te zur Entdeckung einer neuen unbekannten Flüssigkeit, die als Einschluß in Mineralien aufgefaßt und später von T h . S i m m l e r (2) als Kohlendioxyd best immt wurde. Versuche und Beobachtungen von H. Gl. S o r b y (3) warfen ferner das interessante Problem der Bestimmung der thermodynamischen Bedingungen der Bildung der Mineralien und Gesteine auf, das sie durch Beobachtung über die Expansion der Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse während der Erwärmung des Präpara t s zu lösen suchten. Man vermutete, daß die Temperatur , bei der die Gasbläschen des Einschlusses verschwinden, die gewesene Bildungstemperatur der Kristalle sei. Das Studium der Flüssigkeitseinschlüsse, das parallel mit der phy sikalischen Chemie sich entwickelte, sucht diese zur Zeit als geologische Thermometer zu benutzen. Außer S o r b y beschäftigten sich mit derselben Frage II. V o g e l s a n g (4). Ii. CI. W a r d (5), Α. P. K a r p i n s k y (6), G. S p e z i a (7), J. K ö n i g s b e r g e r und W. J. M ü l l e r (8), G. L i n c i o (9), A . J o h n s e n (10), R. S c h a r i z e r ( H ) und schließlich E. N a c k e n (12).
Long-Lived Photoexcited Carrier Dynamics of d–d Excitations in Spinel Ordered Co3O4

The spectrum and dynamics of excited carriers in a spinel-ordered transition metal oxide, Co3O4, were investigated by both selective photoexcitation of all major optical transitions and selectively filling electronic states through an applied voltage. Co3O4 contains strong absorptions at all relevant optical excitations common to transition-metal oxides, inclusive of ligand-to-metal charge transfer, metal-to-metal charge transfer, and intravalence d–d transitions. We find that carriers initially excited across the charge-transfer excitations quickly (∼3 ps) convert to d–d excitations due to strong electron–phonon coupling. Subsequent recombination from weakly coupled, localized excited d states to the ground state occurs at a much longer, nanosecond time scale. These results suggest that d–d excitations represent a special type of long-lived recombination center intrinsic to a transition-metal oxide. Such carrier dynamics may apply to a wider range of transition metal oxides actively being integrated in p.
Current stress and switching loss evaluation of a unified expandable power converter used for grid‐integration of renewable energy sources

Due to the intermittent nature of the renewable energy systems (RESs), more speciﬁcally, solar panels and wind turbines, their sole use does not lead to a smooth and reliable power. To overcome this issue, the concurrent grid-integration of RESs to form a microgrid is reported. In the DC-bus microgrid, the produced power by RES is initially given to the shared DC-bus through an individual source-side converter and then transmitted to the utility via a common grid-side converter. By increasing the number of RESs, the number of required power converters, and therefore, the investment cost also increase. Using the cost-effective multi-input low-switch converters is a promising alternative to alleviate this signiﬁcant need for individual converters. Recently, a nine-switch-based uniﬁed expandable power converter (UEPC) has been presented for concurrent integration of AC and DC sources with a tangible fewer switch count. This uniﬁed structure has been utilized in two conﬁgurations named AC-AC-AC and AC-AC-DC. In this paper, both conﬁgurations are evaluated and compared in terms of current stress and switching loss. Considering the current stress analysis, the best port for interfacing with the grid to lower the total current rating of power switching devices is also determined. The high-performance capability of both conﬁgurations is ﬁnally veriﬁed using MATLAB/Simulink.
Research on the Natural Language Recognition Method Based on Cluster Analysis Using Neural Network

Withthe technological advent, the clustering phenomenon is recently being used in various domains and in natural language recognition. This article contributes to the clustering phenomenon of natural language and fulfills the requirements for the dynamic update of the knowledge system. This article proposes a method of dynamic knowledge extraction based on sentence clustering recognition using a neural network-based framework. The conversion process from natural language papers to object-oriented knowledge system is studied considering the related problems of sentence vectorization. This article studies the attributes of sentence vectorization using various basic definitions, judgment theorem, and postprocessing elements. The sentence clustering recognition method of the network uses the concept of prereliability as a measure of the credibility of sentence recognition results. An ART2 neural network simulation program is written using MATLAB, and the effect of the neural network on sentence recognition is utilized for the corresponding analysis. A postreliability evaluation indexing is done for the credibility of the model construction, and the implementation steps for the conjunctive rule sentence pattern are specifically introduced. A new method of structural modeling is utilized to generate the structured derivation relationship, thus completing the natural language knowledge extraction process of the object-oriented knowledge system. An application example with mechanical CAD is used in this work to demonstrate the specific implementation of the example, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hybrid spectrum access in a cognitive radio‐enabled cooperative device‐to‐device network

In this paper, the performance of a co‐operative device‐to‐device (D2D) network is investigated. All the D2D users sense the cellular user (CU) spectrum and use it in hybrid mode: underlay and overlay. The expressions of throughput and outage are developed under the considered network scenario. An algorithm is proposed to optimize the sensing time to minimize the outage. The performance is investigated in terms of throughput and outage for several network parameters such as a number of D2D users, sensing time, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), allowable interference threshold, and CU transmit power. Sensing time is optimized to minimize the outage. The interference threshold and target rate have a significant impact on network performance. The network has to suffer outage for lower values of allowable interference threshold and higher values of the target rate. The impact of channel fading on the network performance is also studied. A simulation model is developed in MATLAB on the basis of the analytical development of the considered network model.
The Performance of Idiosyncratic Volatility in Different Mispricing

The research on risk and return has always been a key research issue in the capital market. With the reform of China's capital market system, the test of the financial theory of the global market is an important step. When studying risks and returns, traditional finance theories draw the conclusion that the higher the risk, the higher the return. In fact, the company's idiosyncratic risk cannot be diversified by the portfolio, Stocks are susceptible to the company's idiosyncratic risks and are negatively related to idiosyncratic risks. We will verify the return performance of idiosyncratic volatility in stocks
Dynamics of a Solidifying Icy Satellite Shell

Ocean worlds have been identified as high‐priority astrobiology targets due to the link between life and liquid water. Young surface terrain on many icy bodies indicates that they support active geophysical cycles that may facilitate ocean‐surface transport that could provide observables for upcoming missions. Accurately interpreting spacecraft observations requires constraining the relationship between ice shell characteristics and interior dynamics. On Earth, the composition, physical characteristics, and bioburden of ocean‐derived ices are related to their formation history and parent fluid composition. In such systems, the ice–ocean interface, which exists as a multiphase mushy layer, dictates the overlying ice’s properties and evolution. Inclusion of the physics governing these boundaries is a novel strategy in modeling planetary ices and thus far has been limited to 1D approaches. Here, we present results from 2D simulations of an archetypal ice–ocean world. We track the evolution of temperature, salinity, porosity, and brine velocity within a thickening ice shell enabling us to place improved constraints on ice–ocean world properties, including the composition of planetary ice shells, the thickness and hydraulic connectivity of ice–ocean interfaces, and heterogeneous dynamics/structures in the interfacial mushy layer. We show that stable eutectic horizons are likely a common feature of ice–ocean worlds and that ocean composition plays an important role in governing the structure and dynamics of the interface, including the formation of chemical gradient‐rich regions within the mushy layer. We discuss the geophysical and astrobiological implications of our results and highlight how they can be validated by instrument‐specific measurements.
Public scholarship in the platform university: social media and the challenge of populism

ABSTRACT Social media has figured prominently in two literatures in recent years: the rise of authoritarian populism and the desirability of publicly engaged scholarship. This paper connects these two usually isolated areas of study through comparison of the role social media plays in each, identifying a tendency to avoid the complexity of this influence by failing to treat these services as platform infrastructures. It argues for a framework of platform literacy to support public scholarship through digital platforms in the face of the populist challenge which can now be found across the most prominent social media platforms.
Al0.68Sc0.32N Lamb wave resonators with electromechanical coupling coefficients near 10.28%

Aluminum scandium nitride (Al1−xScxN/AlScN) (x = 0.32) Lamb wave resonators (LWR) have been fabricated and tested to demonstrate electromechanical coupling coefficients (kt2) in excess of 10%. The resonators exhibited an average kt2 and unloaded quality factor (Qu) of 10.28% and 711, respectively, when calculated from the measured data. Applying the Butterworth Van-Dyke (BVD) model to the measured data enabled the extraction of the resonator's lumped element parameters to calculate the motional quality factor (Qm), which neglects the contributions of the electrical traces. For the best measured resonator response, results from the BVD model showed a Qm of 1184 and a resulting figure-of-merit (FOM = K2 · Qm) of 100. Comparing the response of similar AlScN and AlN resonators shows that the AlScN LWR has a significantly lower motional resistance (Rm), suggesting that AlScN has a strong potential for use in piezoelectric microelectromechanical oscillators.
State estimates and forecasts of the northern Philippine Sea circulation including ocean acoustic travel times

The 2010–2011 North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) Philippine Sea experiment measured travel times between six acoustic transceiver moorings in a 660–km diameter ocean acoustic tomography array in the Northern Philippine Sea (NPS). The travel-time series compare favorably with travel times computed for a yearlong series of state estimates produced for this region using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model–Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean four-dimensional variational (MITgcm-ECCO 4DVAR) assimilation system constrained by satellite sea surface height and sea surface temperature observations and by Argo temperature and salinity profiles. Fluctuations in the computed travel times largely match the fluctuations in the measurements caused by the intense mesoscale eddy field in the NPS, providing a powerful test of the observations and state estimates. The computed travel times tend to be shorter than the measured travel times, however, reflecting a warm bias in the state estimates. After processing the travel times to remove tidal signals and extract the low-frequency variability, the differences between the measured and computed travel times were used in addition to SSH, SST, and Argo temperature and salinity observations to further constrain the model and generate improved state estimates. The assimilation of the travel times reduced the misfit between the measured and computed travel times, while not increasing the misfits with the other assimilated observations. The state estimates that used the travel times are more consistent with temperature measurements from an independent oceanographic mooring than the state estimates that did not incorporate the travel times.
Vulnerability assessment of rural social-ecological system to climate change: a case study of Yunnan Province, China

The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively measure the vulnerability level of the whole rural social-ecological system in Yunnan Province and to analyze the spatial differences of the vulnerability in different regions. ,Based on the “exposure-sensitivity-adaptability” vulnerability assessment framework, this paper establishes the index system of rural social-ecological system vulnerability to climate change. Combined with the questionnaire survey and meteorological data, the entropy method was used to measure and analyze the vulnerability level and influencing factors of the overall rural social-ecological system in Yunnan Province. At the same time, the vulnerability level of social-ecological system in Yunnan Province is divided into five levels, and the spatial differences of vulnerability level of 16 states (cities) in Yunnan Province are analyzed. ,The results show that: the social-ecological system has high exposure to climate change (0.809), strong sensitivity (0.729), moderate adaptability (0.297) and overall system vulnerability is at a medium level (0.373). Yunnan Province is divided into five levels of social-ecological system vulnerable areas. The areas of extreme, severe, moderate, mild and slight vulnerability account for 21.45%, 24.65%, 36.82%, 13.18% and 3.90% of the whole province, respectively. The geographical division and vulnerability division of Yunnan Province are basically consistent in space. ,Comprehensive evaluation of the vulnerability of the social-ecological system of Yunnan Province to climate change is the scientific basis for the country to formulate countermeasures against climate change, and it is also the need to improve the adaptability of the social and economic system of the fragile area, reduce the vulnerability and realize the sustainable development of national social economy. The research results can provide a basis for decision-making of climate adaptation in Yunnan and other regions and provide methods and indicators for the assessment of social-ecological system vulnerability under the background of climate change.
Surface and Tropospheric Response of North Atlantic Summer Climate from Paleoclimate Simulations of the Past Millennium

We investigate the effects of solar forcing on the North Atlantic (NA) summer climate, in climate simulations with Earth System Models (ESMs), over the preindustrial past millennium (AD 850–1849). We use one simulation and a four-member ensemble performed with the MPI-ESM-P and CESM-LME models, respectively, forced only by low-scaling variations in Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). We apply linear methods (correlation and regression) and composite analysis to estimate the NA surface and tropospheric climatic responses to decadal solar variability. Linear methods in the CESM ensemble indicate a weak summer response in sea-level pressure (SLP) and 500-hPa geopotential height to TSI, with decreased values over Greenland and increased values over the NA subtropics. Composite analysis indicates that, during high-TSI periods, SLP decreases over eastern Canada and the geopotential height at 500-hPa increases over the subtropical NA. The possible summer response of SSTs is overlapped by model internal variability. Therefore, for low-scaling TSI changes, state-of-the-art ESMs disagree on the NA surface climatic effect of solar forcing indicated by proxy-based studies during the preindustrial millennium. The analysis of control simulations indicates that, in all climatic variables studied, spurious patterns of apparent solar response may arise from the analysis of single model simulations.
Playing Video Games During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Effects on Players’ Well-Being

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected our lives in many ways, including how we choose to spend our time and deal with unprecedented circumstances. Anecdotal reports suggest that many have turned to playing video games during the pandemic. To better understand how games are being used during the lockdown, we conducted an online survey (N = 781) that focused on gameplay habits and effects on players’ well-being. We find that time spent playing games has increased for 71% of respondents, while 58% of respondents reported that playing games has impacted their well-being, with the overwhelming majority of responses indicating a positive impact. We identify seven ways that games have affected players, such as providing cognitive stimulation and opportunities to socialise, and a variety of benefits related to mental health, including reduced anxiety and stress. Our findings highlight the sociocultural significance of video games and the potentially positive nature of games’ effects on well-being.
Mandated restrictions on the use of medically important antibiotics in broiler chicken production in Canada: implications, emerging challenges, and opportunities for bolstering gastrointestinal function and health — a review

Abstract: Chicken Farmers of Canada has been progressively phasing out prophylactic use of antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Consequently, hatcheries, veterinarians, and nutritionists have been mandated to contend with less reliance on the use of preventive antibiotics. A topical concern is the increased risk of proliferation of enteric pathogens leading to poor performance, increased mortality, and compromised welfare. Moreover, the gut harbors several taxa such as Campylobacter and Salmonella capable of causing significant illnesses in humans via contaminated poultry products. This has created an opportunity for research and development of dietary strategies designed to modulate gastrointestinal environment for enhanced performance and food safety. Albeit with inconsistent responses, literature data suggest that dietary strategies such as feed enzymes, probiotics/prebiotics, and phytogenic feed additives can bolster gut health and function in broiler chickens. However, much of the efficacy data were generated at controlled research settings that vary significantly with the complex commercial broiler production operations due to variation in dietary, health, and environmental conditions. This review will summarize implications of mandated restrictions on the preventative use of antibiotics and emerging Canadian broiler production programs to meet processor specifications. Challenges and opportunities for integrating alternative dietary strategies in commercial broiler production settings will be highlighted.
Oceanic Pathways of an Active Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (PMOC)

In contrast to the modern‐day climate, North Pacific deep water formation and a Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC) may have been active during past climate conditions, in particular during the Pliocene epoch (some 3–5 million years ago). Here, we use a climate model simulation with a robust PMOC cell to investigate the pathways of the North Pacific deep water from subduction to upwelling, as revealed by Lagrangian particle trajectories. We find that similar to the present‐day Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), most subducted North Pacific deep water upwells in the Southern Ocean. However, roughly 15% upwells in the tropical Indo‐Pacific Oceans instead—a key feature distinguishing the PMOC from the AMOC. The connection to the Indian Ocean is relatively fast, at about 250 years. The connection to the tropical Pacific is slower (∼800 years) as water first travels to the subtropical South Pacific then gradually upwells through the thermocline.
A novel lens antenna with wide beamwidth using three dimensional printing

In this article, a novel lens antenna with wide beamwidth using three‐dimensional printing is proposed. The proposed antenna is comprised of a concave lens by using three‐dimensional printing, a lantern shaped patch with a parasitic ring, and eight loaded monopoles around the center. The antenna operating frequency is 5.8 GHz, and the prototype is implemented. The measured half power beamwidth are 142° and 130° at the xoz and the yoz planes, respectively. Besides, the antenna is low cost, easy to fabricated, and very low cross polarization. Measured results agree well with the simulation results.