Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proceedings and Observations from a Climate Risk Event

In March 2015, in Delhi, India, CNA held a game and scenario-planning session in support of the Skoll Global Threats Fund and the United Kingdom's Foreign and Commonwealth Office. During the event, we explored the future effects of climate change as they relate to security around the world. Participants included renowned scientists, security experts, diplomats, and retired military personnel from Asia, Europe, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Based on game play and discussions, we identified four major findings: (1) climate change may increase nationalism and policies of internalization in developed countries; (2) large-scale climate-induced migration may impact a country's international policies, economic situation, and defining cultural attributes, changing the way they participate in global commons; (3) competition for limited resources may increase as a source of friction and shape policies and international relations; and (4) climate change technologies are not viewed in the same way by all countries, and there is potential for an emerging disparity between regions over the consensus and control of these technologies. This document gives an overview of the event and discusses why we identified each of these factors as a security risk that could result from climate change. ii This page intentionally left blank.
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta Working Paper Series WPS No 848 /August

In a competitive online retail market, orders for assembled products such as refrigerators, air conditioners, smart televisions, etc. attract signiﬁcant attention due to their high gross merchandise value. Unlike other regular products, product delivery has a two-stage process—delivery of product components and assembly and installation of the ﬁnal product—involving multiple parties that may be internal or exter-nal to the organization. Coordination of above activities is essential to reduce customer dissatisfaction, to curb the various waiting or demurrage costs due to delayed arrivals of goods vehicles and service workers. This paper attempts to model and solve such a realistic synchronized goods delivery and service problem against online booking. In this model, one goods vehicle starts from the company’s storehouse with all of the goods to be delivered and moves continually, dropping the goods at the speciﬁed locations. For service, a service worker separately moves and uses the appropriate conveyances among the available ones at each node to reach the customers. This paper poses an interesting research question to understand the requirements of separate tour path for goods vehicles and service worker along with appropriate conveyance for serviceman’s arrival. This is a NP -hard Traveling Salesman Problem. For solving a varied offspring memetic algorithm (VOMA) with modiﬁed probabilistic selection, varied offspring three-parent (i.e., surro-embryos) crossover and Fibo-generation-dependent mutation are developed and tested on some standard test functions to establish its superiority over the standard ones. VOMA implementation on above proposed problem reveals the inﬂuence of unloading and service times, halt time availability and time windows, and third-party outsourcing charges on ﬁnal route design. Finally, the paper provides a structured decision-making framework for practitioners and showcases a case study by implementing VOMA in a similar problem context.
Touching the Untouchables: Dynamic Security Analysis of the LTE Control Plane

This paper presents our extensive investigation of the security aspects of control plane procedures based on dynamic testing of the control components in operational Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. For dynamic testing in LTE networks, we implemented a semi-automated testing tool, named LTEFuzz, by using open-source LTE software over which the user has full control. We systematically generated test cases by defining three basic security properties by closely analyzing the standards. Based on the security property, LTEFuzz generates and sends the test cases to a target network, and classifies the problematic behavior by only monitoring the device-side logs. Accordingly, we uncovered 36 vulnerabilities, which have not been disclosed previously. These findings are categorized into five types: Improper handling of (1) unprotected initial procedure, (2) crafted plain requests, (3) messages with invalid integrity protection, (4) replayed messages, and (5) security procedure bypass. We confirmed those vulnerabilities by demonstrating proof-of-concept attacks against operational LTE networks. The impact of the attacks is to either deny LTE services to legitimate users, spoof SMS messages, or eavesdrop/manipulate user data traffic. Precise root cause analysis and potential countermeasures to address these problems are presented as well. Cellular carriers were partially involved to maintain ethical standards as well as verify our findings in commercial LTE networks.
The Thai

Rabbit meat is considered as a healthy meat due to its high protein and low fat content. This study aimed at demonstrating the amino acids profile in three rabbit breeds, namely New Zealand White, California and Balady rabbits marketed in Egypt. In addition, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of amino acids due to the consumption of the rabbit meat were calculated. Furthermore, the effect of long frozen storage for different periods on the amino acid content of the New Zealand White rabbit meat was investigated as an experimental trial. The obtained results indicate a slight variation in the amino acid profiles among the examined rabbit meat samples. Lysine was the dominant essential amino acid in all the tested rabbit breeds. Generally, California breed had the highest total amino acid content at 27.46 ± 0.30 mg/g, whereas the New Zealand White breed at 25.79 ± 0.68 mg/g, and finally the Balady breed at 25.53 ± 0.77 mg/g. The EDI values (mg/day) for the total amino acids via consumption of the rabbit meat were 52.73, 49.54 and 49.02 from California, New Zealand White and Balady rabbit meat, respectively. Freezing caused a significant reduction in the amino acid content of the rabbit meat. For instance, total amino acid content showed significant reduction trends on freezing-time-dependent manner as it was reduced to 89.01% after one month, 78.54% after two months, 57.69% after four months, and 32.12% after six months of long frozen storage. Therefore, it is not recommended to keep rabbit meat frozen at -20 °C for more than one month.
A Study of Soft Analytical Side-Channel Attacks on Secure Hash Algorithms

Hashing algorithms are one-way functions that are used in cryptographic protocols as Pseudo Random Functions (PRF), to assess data integrity or to create a Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC). In many cryptographic constructions, secret data is processed with hashing functions. In these cases, recovering the input given to the hashing algorithm allows retrieving secret data. In this paper, we investigate the application of Soft Analytical Side-Channel Attacks (SASCA), based on a Belief Propagation (BP) framework, to recover the input of two popular hash function families: SHA-2 and SHA-3. Thanks to a simulation framework, we develop a comprehensive study of the attacker’s recovery capacity depending on the hash function variant. Then, we demonstrate that an attacker can leverage prior knowledge on the hashing function input to increase the eﬀectiveness of the attacks. As an example, in the context of a bootloader doing a hash-based integrity check on a secret ﬁrmware, we show that simple statistics on assembly code injected in BP improves input recovery. Finally, we study the security implications of SASCA on cryptosystems performing multiple invocations of hashing functions with inputs derived from the same secret data. We show that such constructions can be exploited eﬃciently by an attacker. We support such statements with experiments on SHA-256 based HMAC and on SHAKE-256 based PRF in Kyber’s encryption routine. We also show that increasing Kyber’s security parameters implies weaker security against the proposed SASCA targeting the shared key.
Falko Dressler Adaptive Beaconing for Delay-Sensitive and Congestion-Aware Traffic Information Systems January 2010

We present a new car-to-X communication protocol, Adaptive Traffic Beacon (ATB), which supports the exchange of delay-sensitive traffic information in a wide range of scenarios by flexibly adapting to the availability of infrastructure elements as well as to the network load. From previous work, we see that centralized solutions and flooding based approaches each show benefits and drawbacks depending on traffic density, penetration, network utilization, and other parameters. This observation is in line with findings about intelligent transportation systems that have been developed for specific settings. In order to overcome this limitation, we designed ATB to be adaptive in two dimensions: First, the beacon interval is adapted dynamically and, secondly, the protocol can dynamically make use of available infrastructure elements. We concentrate on a Traffic Information System (TIS) with a focus on congestionaware communication. Simulation experiments clearly demonstrate that ATB performs well in a broad range of settings. It maintains a non-congested wireless channel to prevent collisions during TIS data exchange.
Enantioselective photocatalytic synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as ortho - disubstituted benzene bioisosteres with improved biological activity

1,5-Disubstituted bicyclo[2.1. 1]hexanes are bridged scaffolds with well-defined exit vectors that are becoming increasingly popular building blocks in medicinal chemistry since they are saturated bioisosteres of ortho - substituted phenyl rings. Here we have developed the first enantioselective catalytic strategy based on a Lewis acid-catalyzed [2+2] photocycloaddition to obtain these motifs as enantioenriched scaffolds, providing an efficient approach for their incorporation in a variety of drug analogues. The bioisostere-containing drugs have been evaluated in cancer cell viability studies, observing that in some cases the biological activity of the two enantiomers is highly different. This showcases that the control of the absolute configuration and tridimensionality of the drug analogue has a large impact on its bioactivity, highlighting the need for stereoselective methods towards the construction of the bicyclo[2.1. 1]hexane core.
SplitFT: Fault Tolerance for Disaggregated Datacenters via Remote Memory Logging

We introduce SplitFt , a new fault-tolerance approach for storage-centric applications in disaggregated data centers. SplitFt uses a novel split architecture, where large writes are directly performed on the underlying disaggregated storage system, while small writes are made fault-tolerant within the compute layer. The split architecture enables applications to achieve strong durability guarantees without compromising performance. SplitFt makes small writes fault-tolerant using a new abstraction called near-compute logs or Ncl , which leverages underutilized memory on remote nodes to log small writes in a fast, cheap, and transparent manner. We port three POSIX applications (RocksDB, Redis, and SQLite) to SplitFt and show that they offer strong guarantees compared to weak versions of the applications that can lose data; SplitFt applications do so while approximating weak versions’ performance (only 0.1%-10% overhead under YCSB). Compared to strong versions, SplitFt improves performance significantly (2.5 × to 27 × under write-heavy workloads).
Rehabilitation of a Lower Limb Amputee

The rehabilitation of the amputee patient must be early and therfore begins immediately after the operation. In the pre-prosthetic phase, the first objective is to allow good healing and a reduction of the edema of the stump with trophic and circulatory massages ; in a second step it is a question of obtaining a toned stump by exercises of reinforcemnt and joint mobilization. In the post-prothetic phase, the aim is to integrate the prosthesis into the patient’s body diagram and to correct the gait pattern with the ultimate objective of greater patient autonomy.
ANALIZA LIMFOCITARNOG INFILTRATA KAO PREDIKTIVNOG FAKTORA POJAVE METASTAZA NA VRATU KOD ORALNOG SKVAMOCELULARNOG KARCINOMA ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATE AS A PREDICTIVE FACTOR OF NECK METASTASES IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Introdudction: Carcinoma of the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral cavity - oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an invasive pathological lesion of the epithelium with varying degrees of squamous differentiation. It is characterized by early and extensive metastases, infiltration of adjacent anatomical structures, frequent recurrences, and a relatively low five-year survival rate of less than 50%. The aim of the study to determine the correlation between the analysis of the lymphocytic infiltrate of biopsy specimens with pathohistologically proven metastases of oral squamous cellular carcinoma on postoperative neck dissection specimens. Material and methods: The study included 42 patients with pathohistologically verified oral squamous cellular carcinoma who underwent surgery at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the Clinic of Ddental medicine in Niš in the period from 2018 to 2022. The histopathological analysis included the depth of tumor invasion, histopathological analysis of the lymph nodes of neck dissections, analysis of lymphocytic infiltration, and presence of lymphovascularand perineural invasion. Results: It was determined that the depth of invasion is statistically significantly different regarding the degree of lymphocytic infiltration (p=0.004). Invasion of over 4mm was present in 20% of patients with high infiltration, 44.4% of patients with medium infiltration, and 85.7% of patients with low infiltration. Conclusion: Given that the results of the study indicate that the analysis of the lymphocytic infiltrate can be a reliable predictive factor of the appearance of metastases in the lymph nodes of the neck, further research should be directed towardas sociating lymphocytic infiltration with certain biochemical and genetic parameters based on which a plan can be created for neck treatment in the N0 stage of oral squamous cellular carcinoma.
Tensor-based matched-ﬁeld processing applied to the SWellEx-96 data

This study proposed a matched ﬁeld source localization method based on tensor decomposition. By considering the advantages of tensors in multidimensional data processing, a three-dimensional tensor signal model of space-time-frequency is constructed, and the signal subspace is estimated using high-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). The source position is estimated by matching the measured data tensor signal subspace with the replica ﬁeld tensor signal subspace. The S5 event data of SWellEx-96 is processed by the proposed tensor-based matched-ﬁeld processing (TMFP). The comparison with the results of conventional matched ﬁeld processing (MFP) shows that TMFP has a better suppression eﬀect on ambient noise under low SNR and better source localization performance.
Serum Electrolyte Levels in Children Having Severe Pneumonia

Background Electrolyte imbalance is a serious complication in children hospitalized with severe pneumonia. Monitoring of serum electrolyte levels is very essential to prevent the complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives To assess serum electrolyte levels in children having severe pneumonia. Materials and Methods This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved the assessment of serum electrolyte levels in 21 children aged 2-59 months admitted at Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, between July 2014-August 2015 for the treatment of severe pneumonia. Results Children with severe pneumonia were found to have hyponatremia, hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Conclusion Electrolyte disturbances are commonly seen in pneumonia cases, so we should monitor them properly while treating them to avoid complications.
SEPSI: A Secure and Efﬁcient Privacy-Preserving Set Intersection with Identity Authentication in IoT

: The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), big data and artiﬁcial intelligence (AI) technology has brought extensive IoT services to entities. However, most IoT services carry the risk of leaking privacy. Privacy-preserving set intersection in IoT is used for a wide range of basic services, and its privacy protection issues have received widespread attention. The traditional candidate protocols to solve the privacy-preserving set intersection are classical encryption protocols based on computational difﬁculty. With the emergence of quantum computing, some advanced quantum algorithms may undermine the security and reliability of traditional protocols. Therefore, it is important to design more secure privacy-preserving set intersection protocols. In addition, identity information is also very important compared to data security. To this end, we propose a quantum privacy-preserving set intersection protocol for IoT scenarios, which has higher security and linear communication efﬁciency. This protocol can protect identity anonymity while protecting private data.
Farmers’ investments in innovative technologies in times of precipitation extremes: A statistical analysis for rural Tanzania

The paper shifts the focus from the exclusively devastating character of weather extremes on socio-economic outcomes to the possibility that positive side effects may occur. Positive side effects such as higher investments in improved agricultural technologies in years of weather extremes are crucial especially in rural developing areas to overcome the negative consequences of the shocks. For that purpose, out of all households that invest in improved seeds in rural Tanzania, we model the probability of high investments in improved seeds when a year of extreme high or low precipitation occurs. We apply a conditional dependence model for multivariate extreme values that so far does not ? nd application in this context. Our appraisal of re? ection on the current situation is based on recent data published by the World Bank’s LSMS-ISA data between 2008 and 2013. Results suggest that extreme precipitation events and high investments in improved seeds with respect to overall investments are dependent events in rural Tanzania.
Report on the State of Food Insecurity in Rural India

This Report is an update of the Rural Food Insecurity Atlas of 2001 released by the M S Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) and the World Food Programme (WFP). Since then, numerous new programmes have been initiated by the central and state governments for achieving food security in the country. Giving a broad indicative picture of the level of food insecurity in different states and the operation of the nutrition safety net programmes, the Report concludes that the State has to play a crucial role in augmenting foodgrain output, ensuring wider access to food through expansion of livelihood opportunities as well as increasing access to non-food factors that have a direct bearing on food absorption and health, like safe drinking water, sanitation etc.
Validation of the Bengali version of the Caregiver Collusion Questionnaire: A tool for measuring collusion among caregivers of terminally ill patients

Background: In palliative care settings, collusion or “conspiracy of silence” frequently interferes with communication and interpersonal relationships among patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. The “Caregiver Collusion Questionnaire” is the only tool available for assessing caregiver collusion. The purpose of the study is to translate and adapt the English version of this instrument into Bengali, followed by standard validation. Methods: The study was carried out in two stages. Four independent translators conducted forward and backward translations of the English version of the “Caregiver Collusion Questionnaire” into Bengali. The Bengali version of the instrument was finalized following expert committee reviews, pre-testing, and cognitive debriefing. The final validation was carried out among 71 caregivers of patients with advanced incurable illnesses admitted to the palliative medicine and internal medicine departments of two Bangladeshi hospitals. In the final phase, the validity (content, face, and construct validity) and reliability (interclass item-wise correlation coefficient) of the translated tool were assessed. Result: 60% of the participants fully understood 19 items, whereas 40% struggled with one or more items. The expert committee expressed their satisfaction with the face and content validity of the translated version. The Bengali version also had quite good reliability (α = 0.62). Seven components were identified using principal component analysis with the distribution of Varimax Rotation distribution. Items under each factor had adequate factor loading, ranging from 0.4 to 0.8. Conclusion: The Bengali version of the “Caregiver Collusion Questionnaire” was found valid reliable and culturally acceptable for measuring caregiver collusion among the Bengali-speaking people. Based on the scale, the reasons for collusion can be identified and measures can be taken for breaking the collusion.
Membrane Potential: An Emerging and Important Player in Cancer Metastasis

1 The voltage across the plasma membrane which emanates due to the presence of different ion channels/transporters with specific ion selectivity and permeability is known as membrane. [1] It is the main biophysical indication in non-excitable cells controlling some essential cellular activities, such as proliferation and differentiation. Hence, the plurality of different ion channels/ transporters indicated on various cells is finely tailored toward maintaining the membrane potential. [2] Bioelectrical activities are characteristics of cancer cells. The depolarization of membrane potential creates a fertile environment for cancer metastasis or proliferation. The cell volume and migration tend to real that the level of membrane potential has functional relevance in cancer cell migration controlled by ion channels/transporters. [3] Hence, in the context of cancer, membrane potential may be necessary for the emergence and maintenance of cancer stem cells resulting to subsistence of tumor growth. Some mechanism may be responsible for cancer metastasis based on the understanding of the membrane potential as a bioelectrical signal in cancer cells. Therefore, membrane potential may be an important valuable clinical marker for tumor test. [4]
Identifi cación de especies ecológicamente relevantes para la Evaluación de Riesgo Ecológico: Una propuesta desde la ecología teórica Identifi cation of ecologically relevant species for Ecological Risk Assessment: A proposal from theoretical ecology

Based on recent advances in ecological network theor y, we present an ad hoc conceptual framework and a methodological proposal for the evaluation of the ecological relevance of species within a community, oriented towards the Ecological Risk Assessment in Chilean aquatic systems. The procedure is theoretical and based on the quality of available information, i.e. it does not require experimental tests or fi observation. Given the current and mediumterm expected state of knowledge about the structure of local aquatic communities, the proposed method is focused towards its application to communities whose level of knowledge is low or medium. The proposal uses qualitative criteria and quantitative indices (seven topological indices and one index based on qualitative modeling) for the identifi cation of ecologically relevant species that represent at least three trophic categories within the community.