Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Article Feed Recommendation System for Thai Social Media Application Using Article Context Based on Deep Learning

In recent years, social media applications have exhibited significant growth in the number of users. Enhancing content alignment with user preferences is essential in developing a sophisticated recommendation system. Neural networks have become pivotal in improving the performance of recommendation systems. However, the utilization of auxiliary information and text data remains markedly underexplored, especially in the context of Thai recommendation systems. Therefore, this study aims to bridge this gap by developing a recommendation system tailored to Thai social media applications. We focus on leveraging supplementary information and analyzing text features to gain deeper insights into user preferences while addressing the complexity and computational time challenges of handling large social media datasets. We propose utilizing article content through Contextualized Word Embedding (Multilingual Universal Sentence Encoder) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) within the Deep and Cross Network framework, called ’DCN with MUSE & PCA. ’ Our experiments, conducted on a real-world Thai social media application dataset, indicate that the proposed model outperforms the baseline model in terms of performance.
H2O2 accumulation from photochemical production and atmospheric wet deposition in Antarctic coastal and off-shore waters of Potter Cove, King George Island, South Shetland Islands

Temporal and spatial variations of the hydrogen peroxide accumulation were measured in off-shore waters and in intertidal rockpools near Jubany Station, King George Island, South Shetland Islands. As H2O2 photoformation is mainly driven by the short wavelength radiation in the UV-B and the UV-A range of the solar spectrum, the study was conducted between the beginning of October and the end of December 1995, the period of Antarctic spring ozone depletion. Wet deposition of H2O2 containing snow was identified as a major source of hydrogen peroxide in the surface waters of Potter Cove. As the concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in Potter Cove surface waters were low (121 ± 59 μmol Cl−1), when compared to the highly eutrophicated waters on the German Wadden coast (6000–7000 μmol Cl−1), direct UV-induced DOC photo-oxidation was of only limited significance in the Antarctic sampling site. Nonetheless, under experimental conditions, H2O2 photoformation in Potter Cove surface waters amounted to 90 ± 40 nmol H2O2 h−1 l−1 under a UV-transparent quartz plate. When high energy UV-B photons were cut-off by a WG320 filter formation continued at a rate of 66 ± 29 nmol H2O2 h−1 l−1 due to UV-A and visible light photons. Samples from freshly deposited snow contained between 10 000 and 13 600 nmol H2O2 l−1, and a snowfall event in mid November resulted in a maximum concentration of 1450 nmol H2O2 l−1 in the upper 10 cm layer of Potter Cove surface waters. Maximal H2O2 concentrations in intertidal rockpools were even higher and reached up to 2000 nmol H2O2 l−1 after the snowfall event. During a grid survey on December 17 1995, H2O2 concentrations and salinity displayed a north to south gradient, with higher concentrations and PSU at the south coast of the cove. The reasons for this spatial inhomogenety are as yet unknown, but may relate to a minor local input of photo-reactive organic matter from creeks entering the cove in the south-east, as well as to waste water discharge from the station, located on the south beach.
Unsupervised Crack Segmentation with Candidate Crack Region Identification and Graph Neural Network Clustering

This paper introduces an innovative approach to unsupervised crack segmentation. Our method initiates with the application of image processing techniques to identify potential crack regions within the images. Leveraging the Canny edge detection algorithm, we delineate edges within the images, followed by the implementation of morphological image processing to eliminate noise. Subsequently, contour analysis is employed to pinpoint candidate crack regions with precision. These identified regions are then input into our unsupervised crack segmentation model, which relies on graph neural network clustering to delineate and categorize the cracks effectively. Experimental results on the CRACK500 dataset [19] showcased the robustness of our approach, evidenced by a Mean Intersection over Union (MIoU) score of 65.88 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.7. Moreover, the proposed method gave the comparable results with the state-of-the-art supervised crack segmentation algorithms.
Synthetic Geosocial Network Generation

Generating synthetic social networks is an important task for many problems that study humans, their behavior, and their interactions. Geosocial networks enrich social networks with location information. Commonly used models to generate synthetic social networks include the classical Erdős-Rényi, Barabási-Albert, and Watts-Strogatz models. However, these classic social network models do not consider the location of individuals. Real-world geosocial networks do exhibit a strong spatial autocorrelation, thus having a higher likelihood of a social connection between agents that are spatially close. As such, recent variants of the three classical models have been proposed to consider location information. Yet, these existing solutions assume that individuals are located on a uniform lattice and exhibit certain limitations when applied to real-world data that exhibits clusters. In this work, we discuss these limitations and propose new approaches to extend the three classic social network generation models to geosocial networks. Our experiments show that our generated synthetic geosocial networks address the shortcomings of the state-of-the-art models and generate realistic geosocial networks that exhibit high similarity to real-world geosocial networks.
Bridging the gap between end user needs and science capability: decision making under uncertainty

There is a recognised gap between what climate science can currently provide and what end users of that information require to make robust adaptation decisions about their climate-related risks. This issue has been identified as a major barrier to successful climate change adaptation outcomes and is emphasised within the water resource management and agricultural sectors because of high uncertainty surrounding precipitation projections. This paper details the outcomes of a survey and workshop aimed at better understanding this gap. To bridge the gap, it is recommended that communication and packaging of climate information be improved via a formalised ‘knowledge broker’. It is also suggested that a ‘terms of reference’ for key climate change-related terms be developed and agreed upon by both climate science providers and end users to reduce the misuse of terminology and subsequent confusion. Further, it is recommended that additional research be conducted into natural variability and baseline risk to provide a realistic background on which climate change projections and associated uncertainties are assessed. Finally, for successful climate change adaptation, new tools and methods are needed that deal explicitly with end user needs and the practical limitations end users face (e.g. time, funding, human resources, politics) when attempting to make robust decisions under climate change-related uncertainty.
Policies and practices for the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in education in Latin America and the Caribbean

This report presents the results of a study on policies and practices related to the incorporation of information and communications technologies (ICTs) into education systems in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The purpose of the study was to ascertain how well-defined the policy dimensions for ICTs in education are and to determine the extent to which they have been implemented. The study was designed using three theoretical approaches: Traditional concepts used to gauge ICT penetration in society. Findings of studies that seek to identify and describe factors impacting ICT use in school systems. The concepts linked to stages of ICT uptake by organizations, and, particularly, by schools. With this conceptual foundation, and taking into consideration the scarcity of reliable statistical data on these topics, the data were gathered by means of a questionnaire designed to cover the major concerns of the study, i.e. the design and implementation of policies for ICTs in education as assessed by a set of indicators. The questionnaire was sent to representatives designated by the ministries of education of 17 countries in the region, as described in the corresponding section of this report. The findings on policy definition show that, while only about half of the countries have formal, published policies, most of them have units that are responsible for policies related to ICTs in education. Most of these policies focus on the teaching-learning process and on school management, as well as the development of ICT competencies among students and teachers.
The Consequences of Information Technology Control Weaknesses on Management Information Systems: The Case of Sarbanes-Oxley Internal Reports

In this paper, we investigate the association between the strength of information technology controls over management information systems and the subsequent forecasting ability of the information produced by those systems. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 highlights the importance of information system controls by requiring management and auditors to report on the effectiveness of internal controls over the financial reporting component of the firm’s management information systems. We hypothesize and find evidence that management forecasts are less accurate for firms with information technology material weaknesses in their financial reporting system than the forecasts for firms that do not have information technology material weaknesses. In addition, we find that this association appears to be driven by control weaknesses most directly related to data processing integrity. Our results support the contention that information technology controls, as a part of the management information system, affect the quality of the information produced by the system.
Symptom-related screening programme for early detection of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after acute pulmonary embolism: the SYSPPE study

Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the most severe long-term complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We aimed to evaluate the impact of a symptom screening programme to detect CTEPH in PE survivors. Methods This was a multicentre cohort study of patients diagnosed with acute symptomatic PE between January 2017 and December 2018 in 16 centres in Spain. Patients were contacted by phone 2 years after the index PE diagnosis. Those with dyspnoea corresponding to a New York Heart Association (NYHA)/WHO scale≥II, visited the outpatient clinic for echocardiography and further diagnostic tests including right heart catheterisation (RHC). The primary outcome was the new diagnosis of CTEPH confirmed by RHC. Results Out of 1077 patients with acute PE, 646 were included in the symptom screening. At 2 years, 21.8% (n=141) reported dyspnoea NYHA/WHO scale≥II. Before symptom screening protocol, five patients were diagnosed with CTEPH following routine care. In patients with NYHA/WHO scale≥II, after symptom screening protocol, the echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension (PH) was low, intermediate and high in 76.6% (n=95), 21.8% (n=27) and 1.6% (n=2), respectively. After performing additional diagnostic test in the latter 2 groups, 12 additional CTEPH cases were confirmed. Conclusions The implementation of this simple strategy based on symptom evaluation by phone diagnosed more than doubled the number of CTEPH cases. Dedicated follow-up algorithms for PE survivors help diagnosing CTEPH earlier. Trial registration number NCT03953560.
Energy Exploitation of Agricultural Biomass Potential in Turkey

The objective of this study is to determine the agricultural biomass potential in terms of types, quantities, regional distribution in Turkey, and to review and assess efficient technologies for energy exploitation of agricultural biomass potential in Turkey. The calorific values of a selection of agricultural residues were determined by stoichiometric analyses. It was found that the total calorific value of the field crop residues was around 228 PJ for the production period of 2002–2003 in Turkey. The major crops that take place in the ratio of the total calorific value are maize (33.4%), wheat (27.6%), and cotton (18.1%). The total calorific value of the fruit residue was 75 PJ. The major fruits are hazelnut (55.8%) and olive (25.9%) for the agricultural biomass. The total calorific values for cow, sheep, and poultry wastes in Turkey were found to be approximately 47.8, 3.6, and 8.7 PJ/year, respectively. Thus, the total agricultural biomass potential was found to be approximately 363.1 PJ/year for the production period of 2002–2003 in Turkey. The available agricultural and animal residues in Turkey have been estimated to be roughly equal to 22–27% of energy consumption in Turkey. However, the actual role of bio-fuels in energy production is minimal. The most efficient way to utilise bio-fuels in energy production is combined heat and power production. The most potential applications to utilise agro-bio-fuels in energy production in Turkey seem to be relatively small-scale applications. The most interesting size of the plant is below 10–20 MW.
Add-on pramipexole for anhedonic depression: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial and open-label follow-up in Lund, Sweden

Introduction Many depressed patients do not achieve remission with available treatments. Anhedonia is a common residual symptom associated with treatment resistance as well as low function and quality of life. There are currently no specific and effective treatments for anhedonia. Some trials have shown that dopamine agonist pramipexole is efficacious for treating depression, but more data is needed before it could become ready for clinical prime time. Given its mechanism of action, pramipexole might be a useful treatment for a depression subtype characterised by significant anhedonia and lack of motivation—symptoms associated with dopaminergic hypofunction. We recently showed, in an open-label pilot study, that add-on pramipexole is a feasible treatment for depression with significant anhedonia, and that pramipexole increases reward-related activity in the ventral striatum. We will now confirm or refute these preliminary results in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and an open-label follow-up study. Methods and analysis Eighty patients with major depression (bipolar or unipolar) or dysthymia and significant anhedonia according to the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) are randomised to either add-on pramipexole or placebo for 9 weeks. Change in anhedonia symptoms per the SHAPS is the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes include change in core depressive symptoms, apathy, sleep problems, life quality, anxiety and side effects. Accelerometers are used to assess treatment-associated changes in physical activity and sleep patterns. Blood and brain biomarkers are investigated as treatment predictors and to establish target engagement. After the RCT phase, patients continue with open-label treatment in a 6-month follow-up study aiming to assess long-term efficacy and tolerability of pramipexole. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and the Swedish Medical Products Agency. The study is externally monitored according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines. Results will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number NCT05355337 and NCT05825235.
Design of a Novel Broadband Antenna for Photomixer Chips in the Terahertz Frequency Range

A novel broadband antenna designed for the terahertz (THz) frequency range is proposed and developed for the THz emitter on a photomixer chip. This THz emitter comprises an ultra-high-speed indium phosphide photodetector integrated with a planar THz antenna. This paper presents a novel broadband antenna configuration comprising a combination of bowtie and circular patch elements designed for the frequency range of 150 GHz to 500 GHz. Detailed parametric analysis of the antenna’s design parameters is also provided. The simulation results demonstrate that the optimized antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 350 GHz, satisfying the |S11| ≤ −10 dB condition, and exhibits a relative bandwidth of 107% within the 150 GHz to 500 GHz frequency range. This novel broadband terahertz antenna showcases an exceptional wideband performance and is highly suitable for high-speed transmission systems.
SEDEX Mineralisation, Macmillan Pass (Yukon): Petrography, Mineralogy and Bulk Geochemistry of the Tom and Nidd Deposits

Sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits formed in the Selwyn Basin coeval with 3 magmatic episodes in the Cambrian, Silurian and Late Devonian. At Macmillan Pass, the Tom, Jason and Nidd deposits are hosted by Late Devonian strata and have well preserved vent complexes beneath overlying stratabound sulphide and sulphate facies. Drill core has been sampled from the vent complexes at Nidd and Tom. Detailed petrography (reflected and transmitted light, cathodoluminescence, back-scatter electron imaging) has developed a paragenesis and, at Tom, critically assessed textural relationships between the vent facies and the overlying stratabound sulphide and sulphate facies. The mineral chemistry of major phases has been determined from quantitative electron microprobe analyses in the vent and stratabound ore from Tom. The geochemical signatures of the hydrothermal vents (Tom, Nidd) are comprehensively characterized through bulk rock geochemical analysis of vent facies material for major, minor and rare earth elements. Detailed petrography has highlighted subtle feeder veins that preferentially replaced laminations leading to the formation of pseudo-bedded sulphide-rich layers in the grey facies rocks at Tom. This provides an important link between the vent and the overlying stratabound facies. Within the vent, main stage sulphide minerals succeeded destructive carbonate alteration, and were overprinted by pulses of sulphide minerals coeval with, and replacing, siderite, Ba-carbonate and barite. Aside from the ore components (Pb, Zn and Ba), vent facies samples are enriched above upper crustal values in Au, Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Ge, In, Mo, Sb, Sn and Ta. Notably, Au in two samples from Tom exceeds 100 ppb. Rare-earth element profiles broadly track the composition of unmineralised shale in the area but have a positive Eu anomaly, likely attributable to the presence of Ba feldspar in the samples. This highlights the potential importance of the compositions of underlying strata in controlling the geochemistry of the hydrothermal fluids.
Simulating children’s verb inflection errors in English using an LSTM language model

We present a computational (LSTM) model that learns to produce English (3sg and -bare) verb inflection when trained on English child-directed speech (CDS). The model is trained on input containing morphemized verbs and learns to predict the next token (word/morpheme) given a preceding sequence of tokens. The model produces the type of error (-bare for -3s) made by English-learning children while avoiding errors that children do not often make (-3s for -bare). The model also shows the same type of sensitivity to input statistics that has been reported in English-learning children. Finally, we manipulated the length of the sequences the model is trained on and show that this results in the delayed acquisition of -3sg forms that is characteristic of English-learning children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Taken together these results suggest that input-driven learning is a major determinant of the patterns observed in both typical and impaired acquisition of English verb inflection.
Mathematical Modeling of Whole Landscape Evolution

▪ Abstract The mathematical modeling of landform evolution consists of two components: the processes represented (i.e., considered dominant) in the model and the (typically computer) model representation of these processes. This review discusses the current debates surrounding processes represented in landform evolution. The potential impact on both evolving landforms and computer model structure is discussed. Issues specifically discussed include (a) the fundamental nature of mass conservation and the role of detachment- and transport-limited processes in mass conservation equations, (b) the interaction between detachment- and transport-limitation in channels, (c) the role of hillslope erosion and soil properties and their interaction with channel processes, (d) the interactions with tectonics when applying these models at large scale, (e) depositional structures and implications for paleo-climatic interpretation, (f) engineering applications of these models, and (g) numerical issues in the computer imp.
Speleothem master chronologies: combined Holocene 18O and 13C records from the North Island of New Zealand and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation

The stable isotope records of four stalagmites dated by 19 TIMS uranium series ages are combined to produce master chronologies for δ 18O and δ 13C. The δ 18O records display good overall coherence, but considerable variation in detail. Variability in the δ 13C records is greater, but general trends can still be dis cerned. This implies that too fine an interpretation of the structure of individual isotopic records can be unreliable. Speleothem δ 18O values are demonstrated to show a positive relationship with temperature by comparing trends with other proxy records, but also to respond negatively to rainfall amount. Speleothem δ 13C is con sidered to be most influenced by rainfall. The postglacial thermal optimum occurred around 10.8 ka BP, which is similar in timing to Antarctica but up to 2000 years earlier than most Northern Hemisphere sites. Increasingly negative δ 18O values after 7.5 ka BP indicate that temperatures declined to a late mid-Holocene minimum centred around 3 ka BP, but more positive values followed to mark a warm peak about 750 years ago which coincided with the ‘Mediaeval Warm Period’ of Europe. Low δ 18O values at 325 years BP suggest cooling coincident with the ‘Little Ice Age’. A marked feature of the δ13C record is an asymmetric periodicity averaging c. 2250 years and amplitude of c. 1.9‰. It is concluded that this is mainly driven by waterbalance variations with negative swings representing particularly wet intervals. The δ18O record shows a higher-frequency cyclicity with a period of c. 500 years and an amplitude of c. 0.25‰. This is most likely to be temperature-driven, but some swings may have been amplified by precipitation.