Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alleviating effects of silicon on cadmium toxicity in ginger

become increasingly common. It thus poses a serious health risk to humans. Cd can immobilize in soil by binding to organic matter, and it is easily taken up and accumulated by plants (Flores-Caceres et al., 2015). Thus, dietary intake of the biotoxic crops could be a severe threat to humans, and the most likely risk is chronic toxicity in humans (Zhao et al., 2015). Besides being carcinogenic, Cd inhalations could harm the lungs, liver, kidneys, and bones (Rafati Rahimzadeh et al., 2017). In taller plants, Cd could accumulate in any part of the plant since it is highly mobile in phloem tissue. Cd toxicity changes chloroplast ultrastructure, decreases the net photosynthetic rate, leaf transpiration, and stomatal conductance (Souza et al., 2011). Cd toxicity is usually accompanied by oxidative stress and DNA breakdown (Dixit et al., 2001) and, ultimately, causes cellular damage or apoptosis (Li et al., 2017; Pormehr et al., 2019). Recent studies indicate that a variety of strategies have been developed to lessen the toxic effects of Cd pollution. Nitric oxide (NO), as a signaling molecule, has a pivotal role in plant resistance to various stresses, including heavy metal stresses, such as Cd (Besson-Bard et al., 2009). NO could interact with ROS, especially O, because of the presence of an unpaired ewithin the NO molecule (Saxena and Shekhawat, 2013). NO improved tolerance to Cd toxicity by reducing oxidative stress that is considered as the leading cause of cell death (Kaya et al., 2019). In Lupinus, when roots were grown German Society for Horticultural Science
Adaptive Oracle-Efﬁcient Online Learning

The classical algorithms for online learning and decision-making have the ben-eﬁt of achieving the optimal performance guarantees, but suffer from computational complexity limitations when implemented at scale. More recent sophisticated techniques, which we refer to as oracle-efﬁcient methods, address this problem by dispatching to an ofﬂine optimization oracle that can search through an exponentially-large (or even inﬁnite) space of decisions and select that which performed the best on any dataset. But despite the beneﬁts of computational feasibility, oracle-efﬁcient algorithms exhibit one major limitation: while performing well in worst-case settings, they do not adapt well to friendly environments. In this paper we consider two such friendly scenarios, (a) “small-loss” problems and (b) IID data. We provide a new framework for designing follow-the-perturbed-leader algorithms that are oracle-efﬁcient and adapt well to the small-loss environment, under a particular condition which we call approximability (which is spiritually re-lated to sufﬁcient conditions provided in (Dudík et al., 2020)). We identify a series of real-world settings, including online auctions and transductive online classiﬁcation, for which approximability holds. We also extend the algorithm to an IID data setting and establish a “best-of-both-worlds” bound in the oracle-efﬁcient setting.
Outdoor recreation conflict on trails in Squamish, British Columbia : an examination of theoretical models and management.

Understanding the social interactions of trail users is a challenge for recreation managers globally. Recreationists are not homogenous and differences in their expectations, behaviours and values may create conflict and consequently, recreationists ́ levels of satisfaction may be decreased. On the one hand, numerous management practices have been suggested to deal with recreation conflict; of these, zoning and educational programs are two of the most commonly cited to address interpersonal and social values conflict respectively. However, the efficacy of these two approaches is still in doubt. Additionally, although past research found that many different attributes of recreationists are associated with conflict, no agreement has been reached on how to measure this conflict or even where the conflict comes from. On the other hand, several potential sources of conflict have been identified in literature, though they have not yet been included within the conflict models. Some authors have suggested that the underlying causes of conflict should first be identified in order for conflict management to be effective. This research is a survey-based, cross-sectional case study of trail users on nine areas of the Squamish trail network in British Columbia in which I 1) identify potential sources of conflicts among recreationists; 2) look for possible causal relationships between sources of conflict and the degrees of both the trail user ́s activity style and resource specificity; and 3) asses the efficacy of two management practices (i.e., spatial zoning and educational signs) at reducing interpersonal and social values conflict respectively. Results indicate that spatial zoning and educational signs are useful at reducing interpersonal conflict and social values conflict, but only with regard to specific sources of conflict and at low effect sizes. Results also suggest that very different characteristics of recreationists significantly predict several sources of conflict. By investigating several characteristics of recreationists as well as their sensitivity to sources of conflict, this research has demonstrated that recreation conflict can be explained by different recreationist attributes, depending on the source of conflict under examination. The findings in this study lay the foundation for expanding further the existing conflict models in years to come.
Adoiraccourcix: multi-touch command selection using finger identification

Hotkeys are a critical factor of performance for expert users in WIMP interfaces. Multi-touch interfaces, by contrast, do not provide such efficient command shortcuts. We propose Adoiraccourcix, which leverage finger identification to introduce quick command invocation integrated with direct manipulation in this context. After presenting the concept behind, we illustrated Adoiraccourcix in a vectorial drawing application and ran preliminary user studies comparing Adoiraccourcix to classical user interfaces. Results suggest that once mastered, Adoiraccourcix provides very powerful means of interaction.
From Doves to Hawks: A Spatial Analysis of Voting in the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England, 1997-2007

This paper examines the making of UK monetary policy between 1997 and 2007 using an analysis of voting behaviour in the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). We use a Bayesian method to estimate the interest rate policy preferences of the MPC members on a ‘dove-hawk’ scale. Then, by comparing the ‘ideal points’ of outgoing members with their successors, we find evidence that MPC composition complements the fiscal policies pursued by the government. The revealed preferences of the MPC members suggest three distinct groups; ‘the doves’, who favour lower interest rates than the median committee member; ‘the centrists’, whose revealed preferences are in line with the median committee member; and ‘the hawks’, who favour higher interest rates than the median committee member. Our analysis suggests that the ‘opposition’ to the centrist group changes from the doves to the hawks as the spending policies of the government ceased to be constrained by the 1997 electoral promise to maintain conservative spending plans.
From Doves to Hawks: A Spatial Analysis of Voting in the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England *

This paper examines the making of UK monetary policy between 1997 and 2008 by analysing voting behaviour in the Bank of England’s Monetary Policy Committee (MPC). We provide a new set of measures for the monetary policy preferences of individual MPC members by estimating a Bayesian item response model. We demonstrate the usefulness of these measures by comparing the ideal points of outgoing MPC members with their successors and by looking at changes over time in the median ideal point on the MPC. Our analysis indicates that the British government has been able to move the position of the median voter on the MPC through its appointments to the committee. This highlights the importance of central bank appointments for monetary policy.
The Geology of the Offshore Sedimentary Basin of West Greenland

Abstract This article on the sedimentary basin under the continental shelf of West Greenland is based on work released to the public by the TGA-Grepco Group of Companies. The data include 18 845 km of airborne magnetometer profiles and approximately 4 900 km of reflection seismic done in 1970-71. The sharp, elongated magnetic anomalies characteristic of the basalts of the Disko Island area extend offshore southward to 68°N and to the north of Nugssuaq beyond 73°. Southward and under the shelf opposite Holsteinsborg the anomalies, in contrast, are smoother and gentler. Here it is interpreted that non-magnetic sedimentary rocks are at least 7 km thick in places. Numerous faults are interpreted which seem to be westward extensions of those in the Precambrian of the mainland. No transform faults have been recognized. The seismic indicates that the sediments thicken and slope westward in a smooth monocline. Small normal faults are present. Near the coast and northwest of Holsteinsborg several grabens are interpreted to be present. The monocline abruptly abuts a 160 km-long extensive N-S fault system which is the main feature of the basin. To the west of this fault system, the basement is interpreted to be 2 km below sea-level – in places it outcrops on sea-bottom. To the east of this system the soft sediments are interpreted to be 7 km thick. Southward, off Sukkertoppen and Godthab, several normal faults are present having the same general direction as those in the on-land Precambrian. The Kangamiut well was drilled on the K-structure which is a horst bounded on the east and west by normal faults. All the Tertiary stages are represented in the section which rests directly on the Precambrian basement at approximately 3 700 m. The lower 1 200 m of section is devoid of reservoirs. It is suggested that only vertical movements have taken place in this part of the Labrador Sea north of 62°N, whereas to the south, there was limited sea-floor spreading. The sea-floor spreading decreases from a maximum of 150 km at the triple junction south of Greenland, to zero at 62°N, where it joins the great north-south fault system.
Effect of Music Genre on Memory

ffects of music on memory retention are quite powerful, certain types of E music genre are known to activate the left and right parts of the brain, which maximizes learning and aids retention. The psychological processes of encoding, storage and retrieval are referred to as memory. This study is aimed at finding out the effect of Music style (Genre) on memory. Sixty four participants were randomly assigned into four different music (Treatment) conditions, namely; Classical music genre, Country music genre, Rhythm and Blues music genres and Reggae music. In each group, participants studied a comprehension passage for ten (10) minutes while listening to music through earphone device, after which they filled out a questionnaire adapted from the passage they studied in order to test their memories. Three hypotheses guided the study. There was a significant effect of music genre on memory: F (3.60) = 7.07, P ≤ 0.05 when the ANOVA test was performed on the data, the group that were randomly assigned to Classical genre did better in the recall process. However, Gender and Age were not found to be a determinant factor from the analysis; F (3.57) = 0.51 and F (2.61) = 1.68 respectively. Further research may explain why the results of this experiment contrast some of the published research on the effects of music on memory. The study recommends that the retrieval (recall) can be done the next day and more music genre should be used.
GREENOCKITE AND ASSOCIATED SULFIDE MINERALIZATION FROM THE CALEDONIA GROUP MINES, BLANCA CREEK, LA HUERTA RANGE, SAN JUAN PROVINCE, ARGENTINA

We document various textural occurrences of greenockite associated with several ore minerals in varying parageneses: pyrite + sphalerite + galena + chalcopyrite ± arsenopyrite ± pyrrhotite ± bornite ± tennantite ± tetrahedrite ± covellite ± chalcocite ± aikinite ± wittichenite ± matildite ± berryite ± miharaite ± geocronite ± hematite ± magnetite from mineralized samples of the Caledonia Group mines, Marayes mining district, La Huerta Range, San Juan province, Argentina, based on reflected light and scanning electron microscope investigations. The mineralization is hosted mainly in metacarbonate outcrops in contact with the granulite basement and associated intermediate to mafic meta-intrusive rocks. We recognize three types of greenockite on the basis of textural and chemical criteria. Type-1 greenockite contains less than 1 mol. % ZnS, but its Fe content varies from 0.2 up to 4.5 mol. % FeS. Type 2 is Zn-rich, with 10–25 mol. % ZnS component and <0.1 to 3 mol. % FeS component, and type 3 has a Zn content of 5–7 mol. % ZnS component and FeS <0.1 mol. %. The presence of complex Ag–Cu–Bi–Pb sulfides point to a late-stage, low-temperature overprint of the primary sulfide parageneses, accompanied by the formation of hypogene greenockite, at least partly at the expense of sphalerite. The near-end-member composition of greenockite and late-stage sphalerite also indicates a low temperature of formation.
Petroleum secondary migration and accumulation in the central Junggar Basin, northwest China: Insights from basin modeling

The timing of petroleum generation, migration, and accumulation in the central Junggar Basin has been evaluated using basin modeling technology to decipher the processes of petroleum secondary migration and accumulation in the Jurassic carrier beds during the Yanshan and Himalayan orogenies. During the early Yanshan orogeny (J2–J3), crude oils, sourced mainly from the Permian source rocks, migrated laterally from depocenters to adjacent structural high points. During the late Yanshan orogeny (Cretaceous–Eocene), the hydrocarbon secondary migration pattern changed significantly. Specifically, in the Cretaceous, a large-scale regional second phase of generation and migration occurred in the western part of the central Junggar Basin; in the eastern part of the central Junggar Basin, crude oils emplaced in the depressions migrated mainly to the eastern uplifts. In the early Tertiary, oils in the source kitchens generally began migrating to the north and mixed with the Jurassic-generated hydrocarbons. During the Himalayan orogeny (Neogene–Quaternary), this migration was strengthened continually. The modeled results agree with migration-associated geochemical information of the Jurassic accumulations. Integration of the regional geological setting and some petroleum geology data suggest that the Jurassic tectonic high points and facies-change- and unconformity-associated subtle traps are of crucial importance for current oil exploration. Both overpressured bodies in the Triassic and Permian systems and volcanic rock reservoirs of the Carboniferous basement in the uplifts have important implications for future natural oil and gas exploration. This work should help reduce exploration risk in this region.
Attentional modulation of intrinsic timescales in visual cortex and spatial networks

Neural activity ﬂuctuates endogenously on timescales varying across the neocortex. The vari-ation in these intrinsic timescales relates to the functional specialization of cortical areas and their involvement in the temporal integration of information. Yet, it is unknown whether the timescales can adjust rapidly and selectively to the demands of a cognitive task. We measured intrinsic timescales of local spiking activity within columns of area V4 while monkeys performed spatial attention tasks. The ongoing spiking activity unfolded across at least two distinct timescales—fast and slow—and the slow timescale increased when monkeys attended to the receptive ﬁelds location. A recurrent network model shows that multiple timescales in local dynamics arise from spatial connectivity mimicking vertical and horizontal interactions in visual cortex and that slow timescales increase with the efﬁcacy of recurrent interactions. Our results reveal that targeted neural populations integrate information over variable timescales following the demands of a cognitive task With the model, show analytically simulations multiple timescales in the activity of each minicolumn arise from the spatial structure of recurrent The fastest timescale is induced by the recurrent excitation within a minicolumn representing biophysical properties of constituent neurons and vertical connections across cortical layers. A range of slow timescales are induced by horizontal interactions between minicolumns. The timescales depend on the topology of connections, and the slow timescales disappear from the local dynamics in networks with random connectivity. The model indicates that modulation of timescales during attention can be explained by a slight increase in the efﬁcacy of recurrent interactions in visual cortex. Our results suggest that multiple timescales in local population activity arise from the spatial network structure of the neocortex and the slow timescales can ﬂexibly found that ongoing spiking activity of local neural populations within columns of the area V4 unfolded across fast and slow timescales, both in the presence and absence of visual stimuli. The slow timescale increased when monkeys attended to the receptive ﬁelds location, showing that local intrinsic timescales can change ﬂexibly from trial to trial according to selective attention. To understand the mechanisms underlying the multiplicity and ﬂexible modulation of timescales observed in our V4 data, we developed a network model with spatially structured connections. Our model suggested that multiple timescales in local neural activity can arise from the local spatial network structure of primate visual cortex. A fast timescale is induced by the recurrent excitation within a minicolumn, and a set of slow timescales are induced by recurrent interactions via short-range horizontal connections between minicolumns. The model also indicated that modulation of the slow timescale during attention can arise from an increase in the efﬁcacy of recurrent interactions between the neurons. data autocorrelations
The Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine Boosters against Severe Illness and Deaths: Scientific Fact or Wishful Myth?

The medical narrative justifying the global vaccination campaign has changed throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. While the primary narrative focused on the proclaimed excellent ability of the novel mRNA vaccines to prevent infections and (therefore) to attenuate the spread of the pandemic, policymakers today (March 2023) acknowledge the poor vaccine efficacy (VE) of contemporary booster doses against infections but insist that the boosters are still capable of providing long-term protection against severe illness and deaths (as if the two types of protection do not depend on each other). We examine the evidence behind this modified narrative through an in-depth evaluation of representative and high-profile data from: (1) the formal, phase 3 clinical trials by Pfizer and Moderna, which preceded the FDA’s emergency use authorization (EUA); (2) the observational studies from Israel (“the world’s lab,” as termed by Pfizer officials), which examined the efficacy of the fourth dose at about the time the FDA authorized this second booster; and (3) the publicly available, real-life dashboards of pandemic statistics. This investigation encountered multiple methodological and representational constraints , including short, and sometimes arbitrary or uneven follow-up periods; uneven exclusion criteria and COVID-19 testing levels; selection biases; and selective report of results. But most importantly, the documented, conditional probability of death and severe illness (i.e., the percentage of severe illness and death cases among those infected with the virus) did not differ between the treatment and the control groups of the various clinical and observational efficacy studies. Altogether, the representative
6. NEOGENE SUBSIDENCE ALONG THE NORTHEASTERN AUSTRALIAN MARGIN: BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL EVIDENCE1

We use benthic foraminifers to reconstruct the Neogene Paleobathymetric history of the Marion Plateau, Queensland Plateau, Townsville Trough, and Queensland Trough on the northeastern Australian margin (Ocean Drilling Program Leg 133). Western Queensland Plateau Site 811/825 (present depth, ~938 m) deepened from the neritic zone (0-200 m) to the upper bathyal zone (200-600 m) during the middle Miocene (-13-14 Ma), with further deepening into the middle bathyal zone (600-1000 m) occurring during the late Miocene (-7 Ma). A depth transect across the southern Queensland Plateau shows that deepening from the outer neritic zone (100-200 m) to the upper bathyal zone began during the latest Miocene (~6 Ma) at the deepest location (Site 813, present depth, 539.1 m), whereas the shallower Sites 812 and 814 (present depths, 461.6 and 520.4 m, respectively) deepened during the late Pliocene (-2.7 and -2.9 Ma). At Marion Plateau Site 815 (present depth, 465.5 m), water depth increased during the late Miocene (-6.7 Ma) from the outer neritic to the upper bathyal zone. Nearby Site 816 (present water depth, 437.3 m) contains Pliocene upper bathyal assemblages that directly overlie middle Miocene shallow neritic deposits; the timing of the deepening is uncertain because of a late Miocene hiatus. On the northern slope of the Townsville Trough (Site 817, present depth, 1015.8 m), benthic foraminifers and sponge spicules indicate deepening from the lower upper bathyal (400-600 m) to the middle bathyal zone in the late Miocene (by -6.8 Ma). Benthic foraminiferal faunas at nearby Site 818 (present water depth, 752.1 m) do not show evidence of Paleobathymetric change; however, a late Pliocene (-2-3 Ma) increase in downslope transport may have been related to the drowning of the Queensland Plateau. Site 822 (present depth, 955.2 m), at the base of the Great Barrier Reef slope, deepened from the upper bathyal to the middle bathyal zone during the late Pliocene (by -2.3 Ma). Queensland Trough Site 823 (present depth, 1638.4 m) deepened from the middle bathyal to the lower bathyal (1000-2000 m) zone during the late Miocene (-6.5 Ma). Benthic foraminiferal faunal changes at these Leg 133 sites indicate that rapid deepening occurred during the middle Miocene (-13-14 Ma), late Miocene (6-7 Ma), and late Pliocene (2-3 Ma) along the northeastern Australian margin.
The Varying Role of Digital Media on Angels and Venture Capitalists

How do different investors utilize digital resources to determine which new firms they should invest in? To address this question, we utilize a database of almost 20,000 entrepreneurs to investigate the different approaches to digital media used by venture capitalists (VCs) and angel investors when determining which ventures to invest in. While angel investors and venture capitalists look for certain commonalities (e.g., patents, higher levels of innovation), their utilization of digital media differs. Specifically, we find that for angel investors, the importance of firm innovativeness can be exacerbated by a strong social media and online presence. In contrast, venture capitalists were more reliant on data sources more directly tied to entrepreneurial activity, such as adherence to impact standards.