Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification of Aerosols Types Over Iraq, using MODIS Date

The optical properties of aerosols are derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations for the period 2003–2021 at seventeen regions in Iraq, which were used to determine the different types of aerosols using threshold values based on Aerosols Optical Depth (AOD) and Angstrom Exponent (AE), seasonal aerosol classification was performed. This approach was verified and used in the detection process. Six aerosols categories: maritime, dust, mixture, urban, dust desert, and biomass burning were examined in this study. The result indicates that dust is most frequently detected in the summer and spring seasons, while the maritime type is most common in the winter and autumn, with wide variability in mixture type. The relative contribution during the winter months revealed a clear predominance of Maritime-type aerosols in the northern part of Iraq. Maximum contributions recorded in Erbil (93%), and Sulaymaniyah (90%). The maximum relative contributions of dust are found in the range of 71%–77% over Qaim and Haditha, while the southern regions of Iraq have a percentage ranging from 54%–65% in the summer season. The results of the monthly classification of aerosol type indicate that dust type are overhead maritime aerosols between March and September in the west, northwest, and south regions of Iraq. The highest contribution of desert dust was recorded in Basra, 60% during July and August. The maximum urban type was recorded at 50% in Baghdad in June. Biomass-burning type contribution was very little.
Accepting managed aquifer recharge of urban storm water reuse: The role of policy‐related factors

A between‐groups experimental design examined public acceptance for managed aquifer recharge of storm water for indirect potable and nonpotable reuse; acceptance was based on five policy‐related variables (fairness, effectiveness, trust, importance of safety assurances, and importance of communication activities). Results showed that public acceptance (N = 408) for managed aquifer recharge of storm water was higher for nonpotable applications, as was the importance of safety assurances. Analyses of variance also showed that perceptions of fairness and effectiveness were higher for a nonpotable scheme, but not trust. A three‐step hierarchical regression (Step 1: age, gender, education, and income; Step 2: type of use; Step 3: fairness, effectiveness, trust, safety assurance, and communication activities) demonstrated that type of storm water use and the policy‐related factors accounted for 73% of the variance in acceptance of storm water (R2 = 0.74, adjusted R2 = 0.74, F (10, 397) = 113.919, p < 0.001). Age, type of use, and three of the five policy‐related factors were also significant individual predictors of acceptance. The most important predictors were perceptions of trust in water authorities, perceptions of effectiveness, and perceptions of fairness. Interestingly, while safety assurance was important in attitudinal acceptance of managed aquifer recharge based on type of use, safety assurance was not found to be significant predictor of acceptance. This research suggests that policy‐makers should look to address matters of greater public importance and drive such as fairness, trust, and effectiveness of storm water programs and advocate these at the forefront of their policies, rather than solely on education campaigns.
Fortification of Vegetable Oils – A review

This study was conducted for the purpose of knowing the benefits of fortification of oils and their sustainability in a wider way to increase the shelf life of oils and fight free radicals resulting from oxidation and damage of oils by using types of natural or industrial food additives that change the physicochemical properties of oils such as acidity number, peroxide number and fatty acids, and also for the purpose of adding properties Multiple oils, such as increasing the percentage of vitamins and antioxidants in the oil and making it more suitable for human use. This study was conducted in order to find out the benefits of strengthening oils and their sustainability in a wider way to increase the shelf life of oils and fight free radicals resulting from oxidation and damage of oils by using types of natural or industrial food additives that change the physical and chemical properties of oils such as acidity number, peroxide number and fatty acids, and also for the purpose of adding properties to multiple oils, such as increasing the percentage of vitamins and antioxidants in the oil and making it more suitable for human use. Usually, the oil is fortified before the oil is filled and preserved, where a mixture of natural ingredients such as (vitamins, spices, and herbs) is added, or synthetic ingredients such as (BHA, BHT, or TBHQ) are added. Oil fortification as a concept, technology, and quality control processes have been around long enough to be reliable for long-term national production.
Effect of Spraying with Moringa Leaf Extract and Potassium Silicate on some Chemical Properties of Banana Plant MUSA spp.

This study was conducted in one of the covered greenhouses in Saran affiliated to the College of Agriculture - University of Dhi Qar during the agricultural season 2022-2023 during the growth period on the Grand Nine banana seedlings, for the purpose of knowing the effect of Moringa extract and potassium silicate on its chemical properties, 48 plants were selected Homogeneous, 3-4 months old. The study included two factors, the first factor: spraying with Moringa leaf extract in four concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15) g L-1, the second factor: spraying with potassium silicate in four concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3) ml L-1, the date was The first is for spraying, with an interval of ten days between one spray and another, with a rate of 6 sprays. The experiment was applied according to C.R. D, with three repetitions. The results showed that the combination a3b3 (15 g L-1 X 3 ml L-1) was superior in most chemical properties (total chlorophyll concentration (2.40) mg in 100 g-1, total soluble carbohydrates (27.00)%, nitrogen (28.90) mg g-1, phosphorus (1.28) mg g-1, potassium (19.60) mg g-1, silicon (0.078) mg kg-1, ascorbic acid (150.00) mg g-1), while proline was superior in the comparison treatment (a0×b0) as it gave (0.85) micrograms g-1.
Effects of spatial resolution of soil data on hydrological processes modelling: A case study using the SWAT model

The prediction accuracy of a distributed hydrological model depends on how well the model input spatial data describe the characteristics of the watershed. Especially in a large catchment, could a higher resolution of input data contribute to improving the accuracy of model simulations? In this study, surveyed soil data with two different spatial resolutions were used as input data for a SWAT model simulation in a large catchment of Xinjiang River basin (15535km) in China. The purpose of this study is to (1) evaluate the effect of different spatial resolutions of soil type on the simulation of hydrologic components of the SWAT model and (2) examine the adaptability of applying high precision of soil resolution in large catchments. The first soil data set has a coarse resolution of 1:3,000,000 and five major types of soils are classified. The second one has a finer resolution of 1:1,000,000, in which 36 major soil types were classified. Evaluation of the distribution of SWAT hydrologic response units (HRUs) is conducted by examining the changed percentages of soil class and land use of the two soil types. Result show that when the threshold of soil area definitions in the watershed is increased, the number of HRUs decreases when the higher resolution soil data was used, but there is little change when the lower resolution soil data was used. In order to evaluate the differences in model predictions of the two SWAT setups with differing soil data, modelled streamflows were compared before and after calibration. Before calibration, the coarse resolution soil data performed marginally better than the fine resolution soil data. After calibration, streamflow predictions of both SWAT setups improved. In the study watershed, using a higher resolution soil data didn’t yield improvements in monthly streamflow modelling with the SWAT model. This lack of difference in streamflow predictions between the two data sets is attributed to theapplication of the SCS curve number method in SWAT. Monthly soil water storage and evapotranspiration outputs of the SWAT model were also compared. Results show that the finer resolution data produced higher monthly soil water storage estimates than the coarse resolution data across the entire watershed during the simulation period. However, there was little difference in evapotranspiration output. This insensitivity of evapotranspiration to soil properties suggests that perhaps a relatively simplified computation method for the evapotranspiration module in SWAT could be considered. The implications of this study are that improvement of the resolution of soil data does not necessarily contribute to a more accurate prediction of streamflow in large catchments.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Soybean Bioactive Peptides and Vitamin E on Productive Performance and Some Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens

This study aimed at evaluating productive performance and some carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed feeds containing different levels of soybean bioactive peptide (SBP), and vitamin E. 180 Ross-308 broiler chicks were divided equally into five treatments, each replicated three times, and twelve unsexed chicks were placed in each replicate in a completely randomized design. For a 35-day trial period, the basal diet was either supplied without supplements (control group), or it was supplemented with SBP at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 g/kg diet, or with vitamin E at 250 mg/kg feed. Results indicated that body weights at different ages were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in SBP groups during 2nd week (except 2.5 g/kg SBP), 3rd week, 4th week, and 5th week as compared with control and vitamin E groups. Gain in total body weight, ratio of feed conversion, and production index were improved significantly (P≤0.05) in SBP compared to other groups. The economic efficiency improved in the SBP and the vitamin E group than in control group. Feed intake, mortality rate, carcass yield, total giblets, total edible parts, liver, and heart yield were similar among groups. The highest (P≤0.05) carcass weight and breast yield were observed in the SBP than in other groups, while the gizzard relative weight in the vitamin E group achieved the highest significant value (3.22 %) as compared with SBP and control groups. Significant effect among treatment was observed in thigh yield. In compared to the control, 5 (g/kg) SBP showed the lowest (P≤0.05) abdominal fat percentage. The current findings suggested that the supplementation of broiler diets with SBP improved productive performance and some carcass traits.
Evaluation of some Environmentally Friendly Chemical Preparations in the Control of the Cotton Spiny Nut (Baisd) (Lepidoptera: Phalaenidae) Earias insulana

The study was conducted on a farm belonging to Salah Al-Din Province, Al-Dujail District, Al-Sheikh Jamil District, for the season 2021. The study aimed to study the efficiency of the growth regulator Kinetin alone or in combination with insect growth regulators Runner, Match, and Matric in the resistance of the cotton spiny worm (Baisd) Earias insulana on the cotton plant Gossypium barbadense L. Coker class 310, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in the study. Where the study included the use of the plant growth regulator, Kinetin, at concentrations of 100, 200, 300 mg L-1, and the second, some types of insect growth regulators, namely Runner at a concentration of 1 ml L-1, Matric at a concentration of 0.5 ml L-1, and Match at a concentration of 0.5 ml L-1. The plant growth regulator kinetin plays an effective role in influencing the activity of the enzyme catalase in the leaves and bracts of cotton plants. Where the concentration of 200 mg L-1 contributed to increasing the activity rate of the catalase enzyme in leaves and bracts, reaching 22.28 and 19.68 enzyme absorption units g-1 fresh weight. The interaction treatment between the matrix growth regulator and 200 mg L-1-Kinetin excelled in reducing the infection rate, reaching 6.43% at the first spray after 15 days of treatment during the first field spray and 9.95% after 15 days of field treatment after the second spray.
EnSysta: A novel architecture of multi-source energy harvesting system

Passive sensing and computing system derived from the combination of environmental capacitive technology and sensing technology, such system obtains energy from the environment for sensing, computing, and wireless communication, has the advantages of energy self-supply, autonomous operation, long-term independent maintenance-free operation, and are the future development trends of Internet of Things technology. But at present, the passive system obtains energy from a single source and the conversion efficiency is low. At present, there are no low-power devices and hardware architectures designed for passive systems, resulting in computing, sensing, and communication power consumption exceeding the capability limit. Therefore, the core problem that restricts the development and application of passive systems is “limited energy”, which further leads to the problems of “short communication distance”, “poor perception” and “inefficient computation”. This paper intends to systematically study the problem of “limited energy”, starting from three aspects of “energy collection”, “energy management” and “energy utilization”, and proposes that “multi-energy source compound energy collection” is energy “open source”, “energy management based on load task model and energy model matching” and “adaptive load task execution planning” is energy “throttling”. This paper provides a comprehensive and systematic solution and research idea for solving the “energy-limited” problem of passive sensing and computing systems and provides strong support for the maturity and application of passive system technology.
The Combined Effect of Bio-Stimulants and Antioxidants on The Qualitative, Chemical Characteristics on Essential Oil of Soybean

A field experiment was conducted in 2022 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriyah, with the aim of determination of the amount of bio-stimulants and antioxidants to produce the best chemical content of oil with a good percentage of protein in comparison with the seed yield, oil, antioxidant compounds, and oxidative activity of soybean seeds. The experiment was conducted according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors and their interactions, and three replicates. The first factor included three levels of bio-stimulants (without spraying, 2 g L-1 humic acid, and 2 g L-1 folic acid), while the second factor included three levels of antioxidants (without spraying, 100 mg L-1 ascorbic acid, and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid). Both factors were sprayed on the vegetative growth after one month of planting, and after one month of the first spray, during branch initiation stage, and at 50% flowering stage. The results showed that treatment with 2 g L-1 folic acid was superior in protein ratio (27.10%), total antioxidant capacity (42.90%), inhibition of free radicals (9.69%), and seed content of flavonoids (24.93 mg kg-1 dry weight). Antioxidants also affected most of the measured traits, especially 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid, which showed an increase in protein percent (25.51%), total antioxidant capacity (30.14%), inhibition of free radicals (8.40%), and flavonoid content (21.45 mg kg-1 dry weight). The combined treatment of 2 g L-1 folic acid and 100 mg L-1 glutathione acid was significant in protein ratio (27.34%), percentage of inhibition of free radicals (9.90%), total antioxidant capacity (55.00%), seed content of flavonoids (43.30 mg kg-1 dry weight), and in increasing the percentage of the effective area of the essential oil compounds, as determined by GC-MS analysis.
Effect of Polymorphism of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone I (GnRHI) Gene on some Productive Traits of Iraqi white Local Chickens

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the Ministry of Science and Technology / Livestock and Fisheries Center / Poultry Department. In order to study the effect of polymorphisms of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone I gene (GnRH I) and a study of the possibility of the effect of this gene on the growth and productive traits of the local white Iraqi chicken birds, and the results showed that the two genetic morphologies S1 and S2 were superior to the genetic morphology S3 in each trait, the average weight of the first egg. Body weight at sexual maturity, age at maturity, and egg production for a period of 100 days at a significant level (P > 0.01), while no significant differences were recorded between the two genotypes S1 and S2 in each of the above traits. The average weight of the first egg was 33.85, 33.14 for each of the two genotypes S1 and S2, while it was 30.22 for the genotype S3, and the average body weight at sexual maturity and the number of eggs produced for 100 days for the genotype S1 was 1395.18g, 54 eggs and 1369.36 g, 52.74 eggs of the S2 genotype, which excelled on the S3 genotype, in which the average traits were 1230.57 g, 43.89 eggs. As for the trait of age at sexual maturity, it is noted from the table that the S3 genetic morphology was distinguished in the characteristic of early age at sexual maturity, reaching 127.58 days for the S3 morphology, while the rates of the trait for the S1 and S2 morphogenesis were 148.82, 147.83 days, respectively.
Pollution Effect of Used Engine Oil on Chemical Properties and some Heavy Metals of Sandy Soil

Used engine oil pollution is a serious multidimensional problem affecting all aspects of the environment leads to changes the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil and this leads to the accumulation of nutrient and heavy metals in the soil and eventually transfers to plant. This research was carried out to study the effect of used engine oil pollution and incubation period on some chemical properties and heavy metals of the soil. Sandy soil contaminated with used engine oil levels of 0.0, 2.5, 5, 15, 30 and 60 ml. kg-. Soil samples were incubated for two and four weeks with the pollutant. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the two incubation periods and the levels of the pollutant in reducing the pH values in all samples. An effect of the incubation period and oil level factors in increasing the values of organic matter and cation exchange capacity factor was observed in the studied samples, and the effect was evident in the second incubation period. It was noted that there was a fluctuation in the concentrations of the studied heavy elements between significant and non-significant increases as a result of adding different levels of used engine oil.
Tetrapleura tetraptera Extract Inhibited Luteinizing Hormone and Estrogen Secretion in Clomiphene Citrate Treated Female Wistar Albino Rats

Tetrapleura tetraptera stem bark has been reported to cause inhibition of luteinizing hormone release in cultured rat pituitary cells. Hence, we investigated the effects of Tetraptera tetrapleura pod extract on follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, cortisol, progesterone and estrogen. Thirty non-pregnant female wistar albino rats were divided into group A - D. Group A rats were used as Control. Group B rats were administered 1 mg/kg/day of clomiphene citrate orally. Group C rats were administered 200 mg/kg of extract only, whereas group D rats were administered 1 mg/kg /day of Clomiphene citrate plus 200 mg/kg of extract. At the end of 14 days experiment, group A, B and D were found in proestrus phase and group C in diestrus phase. FSH and cortisol levels remained unchanged. Group C and D rats produced significant reduction (P < 0.05) in LH and estrogen levels in prolonged proestrus and normal diestrus respectively. Progesterone level was significantly high (P < 0.05) in the group C rats. The reduced LH level could be due to the anti-estrogenic effect of extract during proestrus when LH secretion is expected to surge. But co-administration resulted in high progesterone secretion, suggesting extract may have influenced progesterone secretion in group D rats simultaneously administered with clomiphene citrate and extract. The above findings indicated that Tetrapleura tetraptera pod extracts inhibited luteinizing hormone and estrogen even when co-administered with clomiphene citrate.
Role of the immune system in liver transplantation and its implications for therapeutic interventions

Abstract Liver transplantation (LT) stands as the gold standard for treating end‐stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet postoperative complications continue to impact survival rates. The liver's unique immune system, governed by a microenvironment of diverse immune cells, is disrupted during processes like ischemia–reperfusion injury posttransplantation, leading to immune imbalance, inflammation, and subsequent complications. In the posttransplantation period, immune cells within the liver collaboratively foster a tolerant environment, crucial for immune tolerance and liver regeneration. While clinical trials exploring cell therapy for LT complications exist, a comprehensive summary is lacking. This review provides an insight into the intricacies of the liver's immune microenvironment, with a specific focus on macrophages and T cells as primary immune players. Delving into the immunological dynamics at different stages of LT, we explore the disruptions after LT and subsequent immune responses. Focusing on immune cell targeting for treating liver transplant complications, we provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing clinical trials in this domain, especially cell therapies. Furthermore, we offer innovative treatment strategies that leverage the opportunities and prospects identified in the therapeutic landscape. This review seeks to advance our understanding of LT immunology and steer the development of precise therapies for postoperative complications.
A neural network model of mathematics anxiety: The role of attention

Anxiety about performing numerical calculations is becoming an increasingly important issue. Termed mathematics anxiety, this condition negatively impacts performance in numerical tasks which can affect education outcomes and future employment. The disruption account proposes poor performance is due to anxiety disrupting limited attentional and inhibitory resources leaving fewer cognitive resources for the current task. This study provides the first neural network model of math anxiety. The model simulates performance in two commonly-used tasks related to math anxiety: the numerical Stroop and symbolic number comparison. Different model modifications were used to simulate high and low math-anxious conditions by modifying attentional processes and learning; these model modifications address different theories of math anxiety. The model simulations suggest that math anxiety is associated with reduced attention to numerical stimuli. These results are consistent with the disruption account and the attentional control theory where anxiety decreases goal-directed attention and increases stimulus-driven attention.