Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Northridge Welded Steel Moment-Frame Damage Data and Its Use for Rapid Loss Estimation

FEMA-351, Recommended Seismic Evaluation and Upgrade Criteria for Existing Welded Steel Moment-Frame Buildings, offers two methods for estimating seismic losses in pre-Northridge WSMFs: detailed and rapid. The rapid method uses empirical relationships between seismic demand parameters and either damage levels or repair costs. The relationships are based on actual damage data collected after the 1994 Northridge earthquake. This paper summarizes the Northridge data, explains the FEMA-351 rapid method loss functions, and comments on the nature of the damage data and its application to loss estimation. Use of the loss functions can be enhanced by understanding their inherent assumptions and uncertainties and by considering how the underlying data was collected and interpreted in the years following the 1994 earthquake.
Statistical simulation of leakage currents in MOS and flash memory devices with a new multiphonon trap-assisted tunneling model

A new physics-based model of leakage current suitable for MOS and Flash memory gate oxide is presented in this paper. This model, which assumes the multiphonon trap-assisted tunneling as conduction mechanism, calculates the total leakage current summing the contributions of the percolation paths formed by one or more aligned traps. Spatial positions and energetic levels of traps have been randomly generated within the oxide by a random number generator which has been integrated into the model. Using this model, statistical simulations of leakage currents measured from both MOS and Flash EEPROM memory tunnel oxides have been carried out. In this way, experimental leakage current distributions can be directly reproduced, thus opening a wide range of useful applications in MOS and Flash EEPROM memory reliability prediction.
Applications of porous silicon microstructuring

We present a new technology that uses the selective generation and etching of porous silicon. This technology combines the advantages of surface micromachining (small area consumption, CMOS compatibility, front side lithography) with the advantage of bulk micromachining (large distance, no sticking). The practical application is shown in two examples: a free-standing polysilicon bridge for flow measurement and a thin-film sensor for a thermal transducer.
Tyre–road grip coefficient assessment – Part II: online estimation using instrumented vehicle, extended Kalman filter, and neural network

The main objective of this work is to determine the limit of safe driving conditions by identifying the maximal friction coefficient in a real vehicle. The study will focus on finding a method to determine this limit before reaching the skid, which is valuable information in the context of traffic safety. Since it is not possible to measure the friction coefficient directly, it will be estimated using the appropriate tools in order to get the most accurate information. A real vehicle is instrumented to collect information of general kinematics and steering tie-rod forces. A real-time algorithm is developed to estimate forces and aligning torque in the tyres using an extended Kalman filter and neural networks techniques. The methodology is based on determining the aligning torque; this variable allows evaluation of the behaviour of the tyre. It transmits interesting information from the tyre–road contact and can be used to predict the maximal tyre grip and safety margin. The maximal grip coefficient is estimated according to a knowledge base, extracted from computer simulation of a high detailed three-dimensional model, using Adams® software. The proposed methodology is validated and applied to real driving conditions, in which maximal grip and safety margin are properly estimated.
A physically-based MOS transistor avalanche breakdown model

A physically based breakdown model for MOSFET's is presented to rectify the unexplained experimental breakdown behaviors. The drain avalanche breakdown in the MOS transistor can be caused by either infinite multiplication (MI) or finite multiplication with positive feedback of the substrate current (MF) due to the impact ionization in the pinch-off region. The breakdown voltages of these two modes of breakdown have different dependencies on the biasing conditions and device parameters. For MI mode of breakdown, the breakdown voltage increases slowly with the gate voltage and can be approximated by the drain saturation voltage plus a constant offset. For MF mode of breakdown, the breakdown voltage decreases as the drain saturation current becomes larger. The calculated breakdown characteristics agree well with the measured ones for devices with effective channel length in the range of 0.44/spl sim/10 /spl mu/m.
Bacteriological analysis of borehole water in Uli, Nigeria

Water samples from four different boreholes within Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria, were collected for five consecutive weeks for bacteriological analysis to assess the potability.The range of the means was from 1.5x102 to 5.9x104 cfu ml-1 for total aerobic bacterial load, 9 to 136 MPN per 100ml for total coliforms and 4 to 74 MPN per 100ml for faecal coliforms. The highest counts were consistently found in the sample from Cagramento Lodge, where the borehole was located in an unsanitary environment, near a pit laterine. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. , Proteus sp. , Enterobacter sp. , Pseudomonas sp. , and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from the samples. The findings show that the water from all the boreholes did not meet the World Health Organization Standards for Drinking Water and should be treated or boiled and filtered before drinking. Keywords : Faecal coliforms, borehole water, Uli, Nigeria AJAZEB Vol. 7 2005: pp. 116-119
Turbocharged Solid Propellant Ramjet for Tactical Missile

Turbocharged solid propellant ramjet (TSPR) is the combination of solid propellant gas generator air turbo ramjet (ATR)with solid ramjet, is cycle of augmented ATR, the parametric performance calculation were carried out for TSPR, The effects of independent design parameters including parameters of compressor and turbine and propellants were studied and the preferred compressor, turbine and propellants were obtained for TSPR; The operation envelop of TSPR and ATR were obtain under the preferred component limitation, the results shows that TSPR offers wide speed-altitude operation envelope, high specific thrust, high specific impulse, it is combining the advantages of the ATR and solid ramjet, and suitable for tactical missiles application meets potential requirements for boosting and cruising.
Development of a Flexible Temperature Sensor Array System

A flexible temperature sensor array and a scanning system are developed in this paper. A 16×16 temperature sensor array in a 25×20 mm2 area is fabricated on a flexible copper-PI substrate using MEMS fabrication technology. Platinum is employed as the temperature sensing material, which is often so called the resistance temperature detector (RTD). Copper patterns on both sides of the flexible substrate serve as the row and column interconnects for scanning circuitry. In each element of the temperature sensor array, the resistance of platinum, which is patterned by lift-off process, can be measured by the scanning system.
Developments in Business Gaming

This article examines developments in business simulation gaming during the past 40 years. Covered in this article are a brief history of business games, the changing technology employed in the development and use of business games, changes in why business games are adopted and used, changes in how business games are administered, and the current state of business gaming. Readers interested in developments in other areas of simulation gaming (urban planning, social studies, ecology, economics, geography, health, etc.) are encouraged to look at other articles appearing during the 40th anniversary year of Simulation & Gaming and at the many fine articles that appeared in the silver anniversary issue of Simulation & Gaming (December 1995).
The reverse blocking IGBT for matrix converter with ultra-thin wafer technology

An isolation type vertical 600V-50A IGBT with reverse blocking capability (RB-IGBT) has been developed for the first time. Ultra-thin wafer technology combined with deep boron diffusion technique results in a great improvement on trade-off performance. RB-IGBT can be used as a bi-directional switch by anti-parallel connection with another RB-IGBT. These bi-directional switches realize a high efficiency matrix converter.
Electric controls for a high-performance EHA using an interior permanent magnet motor drive

A controller for a high-performance electrohydrostatic actuator (EHA) has been developed using an interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor to produce the servo motion. The buried-magnet design of the IPM motor yields a combination of desired characteristics including high efficiency, robust rotor construction, and wide operating speed range. Power converter size has been minimized by using insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power switches combined with high-voltage integrated circuit (HVIC) gate drivers in phase-leg power modules. Experimental results for the demonstrator motor-controller hardware rated at 12 hp (continuous) are presented which confirm the attractive performance characteristics of the IPM motor drive. <<ETX>>
Discrete-time current control of voltage-fed three-phase PWM inverters

The discrete-time current control of three-phase voltage-fed pulsewidth modulation (PWM) inverters is discussed, with emphasis on important practical aspects. The inverter feeds a balanced three-phase load of R-L impedances in series with back-EMFs. The inverter-load system is modeled by using space vectors. The practical difficulties of the predictive control method are pointed out. In particular, effects of the delayed application of the manipulated voltage caused by controller computing time are investigated. A modified control law that eliminates the undesirable effects of the computing delay is introduced. Also, prediction of current reference is utilized, which would enable operation with any reference function. An estimation and prediction procedure for the back EMF is also introduced. Steady-state errors in the load current due to these predictions are calculated for sinusoidal operation. Simulation results for the predictive control and the modified control laws are presented and discussed.
General Field Theory Treatment of E-Plane Waveguide Junction Circulators---Part I: Full-Height Ferrite Configuration

In this paper an exact field theory treatment for the N-port E-plane full-height ferrite rod junction circulators is presented. Field expressions are written in each region of the junction in the form of infinite modes. Matching of the fields at the common boundaries is used to get a set of infinite nonhomogeneous equations in these mode amplitudes. The point matching technique is used to obtain an approximate solution for the field amplitudes by taking a finite number of modes in each region. Three types of junctions have been analyzed by this technique. These junctions are the symmetrical Y junction and two types of T junctions. Experimental measurements have been carried out to verify the obtained numerical results.
Does the Parallel Approach Make Sense in the Development of Discontinuous Innovations?

While the success of parallel new product development programs such as concurrent engineering is well documented, tlieir~focus on low cost and speed to inarket has rizeant that the bulk of what we k n o w ubout this approach relates to their effectiveness in the development of products which ~ O C L L S on iricrenierital product improvements. Little is known about their utility in projects which involve more “discontin~~ous ’’ innovation. This paper outlines several potential weaknesses of concurrent engineering practices when applied to more discontinuous innovations, and highlights a number of propositions which map out jiiture research questions in the area.
Penerapan Text Mining Analisis Sentimen Mengenai Vaksin Covid - 19 Menggunakan Metode Naïve Bayes

Sejak wabah covid-19 melanda dunia, media sosial merupakan media yang paling banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk tetap beraktivitas dan berinteraksi dengan masyarakat lainnya. Selain masyarakat umum, pemerintah utamanya pemerintah Indonesia juga memanfaatkan media ini untuk memberikan berbagai informasi dan pelayanan yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Salah satu hal yang sedang hangat diperbincangkan di media sosial utamanya twitter adalah mengenai vaksin covid-19. Berbagai komentar dilontarkan oleh para pengguna baik positif dan negatif. Dalam rangka mengetahui tanggapan masyarakat terhadap adanya vaksin covid-19 ini, maka pada penelitian kali ini dilakukan analisis sentimen terhadap vaksin covid-19 dengan menggunakan metode Naïve Bayes. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian terhadap 100 data latih yang kemudian dipilih kembali dengan menggunakan teknik data crawling menjadi 34 data, didapatkan bahwa analisis sentimen dari pengguna twitter untuk vaksin covid-19 ini didapatkan persentase accuracy sebesar 100%
On low-complexity frequency selective digital filters and filter banks

Filter banks are systems of several filters with a common input or a common output. They are used whenever a signal needs to be split into different frequency bands. Since the early seventies, the theory of digital filter banks has developed to a mature state. Today there exist numerous ways to design filter banks for different applications, such as image and audio coding, transmultiplexing in communication systems, echo cancellation, and analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion systems. However, earlier work has to a large extent been on the transfer function level, whereas in this thesis work, efficient realizations, important in e.g. low-power applications, are in focus. Further, most of the previous work have been focused on the perfect reconstruction (PR) case, which is, for many applications an unnecessarily severe restriction. It has been show that by relaxing the requirements on perfect reconstruction, and allowing the filter banks to have some errors, the arithmetic complexity can be reduced significantly. This thesis treats digital filters and uniform non-PR filter banks. A major part of the filter banks are realized using different modulation schemes (complex, cosine, or sine modulation). The governing idea through the thesis is the combination of frequency selectivity and low arithmetic complexity. One example on how to achieve frequency selective digital filters and filter banks with low arithmetic complexity is to use the frequency-response masking (FRM) approach. This approach together with the idea of using IIR filters instead of FIR filters is successfully used in the thesis. The price to pay for the reduced arithmetic complexity using FRM filters is unfortunately a longer overall delay. Therefore, some work has ben done in the field of low-delay FRM FIR filters as well. These filters are optimized on both low delay and low arithmetic complexity simultaneously. A number of design examples are included in order to demonstrate the benefits of the new classes of filters and filter banks.
Are new 'Silicon Valleys' emerging? : the changing distribution of superstar patents across US states

Which regions improve their inventive competitiveness and which regions lose out in this respect? And do regions specialize in a limited number of technologies or are they at the forefront of a diversity of technologies? We argue that traditional raw patent counts do not tell much about the inventive performance of regions, given the strong heterogeneity of patents in terms of importance. Hence, we propose to focus on ? superstar? patents, which are disproportionally important for subsequent technological progress in at least one technological category. To identify these, we employ a statistical regularity in the numbers of citations received. Next, we use information on the US state where the invention took place to find states that produced many potential superstar patents. We find that invention leaders in the end of the 1970s (such as New Jersey and New York) generally lost their positions, while Western states like Idaho, Oregon and Washington emerged as new invention hotbeds in the mid-1990s, although for a limited set of technology categories.
Design of tall residential buildings in Singapore for wind effects

The design of high-rise building is often influenced by wind-induced motions such as accelerations and lateral deflections. Consequently, the building`s structural stiffness and dynamic (vibration periods and damping) properties become important parameters in the determination of such motions. The approximate methods and empirical expressions used to quantify these parameters at the design phase tend to yield values significantly different from each other. In view of this, there is a need to examine how actual buildings in the field respond to dynamic wind loading in order to ascertain a more realistic model for the dynamic behavior of buildings. This paper describes the findings from full-scale measurements of the wind-induced response of typical high-rise buildings in Singapore, and recommends an empirical forecast model for periods of vibration of typical buildings in Singapore, an appropriate computer model for determining the periods of vibration, and appropriate expressions which relate the wind speed to accelerations in buildings based on wind tunnel force balance model test and field results.
Ménière's disease: new guidelines, subtypes, imaging, and more

Purpose of review This article reviews recent developments in Ménière's disease including etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic investigations that have changed the landscape for medical providers. These updates shed light onto the complex nature of Ménière's disease and generate additional means to provide optimal care to patients. Recent findings Given the multifactorial cause of Ménière's disease, five subtypes of Ménière's disease have recently been proposed. A knowledge of these subtypes will aid in the development of an appropriate treatment algorithm. Although newer treatments have not been developed, stepwise treatment algorithms have been proposed and can improve patient care. New MRI modalities and serum testing hold promise as clinical clues and biomarkers. Summary As these updated diagnostic criteria are used, Ménière's disease can be identified and treated more precisely. This will in turn allow for future randomized controlled studies to improve the quality of treatment options available. Future imaging, vestibular testing, and the potential for serum biomarkers may illuminate additional diagnostic criteria, only furthering the improvement in clinical care.
FPCount protocol - in-lysate (purification free) protocol v1

FPCount is a complete protocol for fluorescent protein calibration, consisting of: 1. FP expression and production of cell lysates. 2. FP concentration determination in a microplate reader. 3. FP fluorescence quantification in a microplate reader. Results can be analysed with the corresponding R package, FPCountR. This in-lysate version of the protocol uses the ECmax protein quantification protocol of FPs in lysates and does not require His-tag purification of the FPs. Note that it is only suitable for FPs with entries in FPbase. If you want to verify or validate results, it's recommended you follow the 'short' protocol, which requires FP purification, or the 'complete' protocol, which requires FP purification and compares three protein quantification methods. --- Summary 1. Expression 2. Harvesting/Washing 3. Lysis 4. Fractionation 8. Protein concentration and buffer exchange 9. Quantification of FP concentration (part1) 10. Quantification of FP fluorescence 12. Protein storage 13. Calibration of Plate Reader
SHORT LENGTH-SCALE ROTATING STALL INCEPTION IN A TRANSONIC AXIAL COMPRESSOR - CRITERIA AND MECHANISMS

The current paper reports on investigations aimed at advancing the understanding of the flow mechanism that leads to the onset of short-length scale rotating stall in a transonic axial compressor. Experimental data show large oscillation of the tip clearance vortex as the rotor operates near the stall condition. Inception of spike-type rotating stall is also measured in the current transonic compressor with high response pressure transducers. Computational studies of a single passage and the full annulus were carried out to identify flow mechanisms behind the spike-type stall inception in the current transonic compressor rotor. Steady and unsteady single passage flow simulations were performed, first to get insight into the interaction between the tip clearance vortex and the passage shock. The conventional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method with a standard turbulence closure scheme does not accurately reproduce tip clearance vortex oscillation and the measured unsteady pressure field. Consequently, a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was carried out to capture more relevant physics in the computational simulation of the rotating stall inception. The unsteady random behavior of the tip clearance vortex and it’s interaction with the passage shock seem to be critical ingredients in the development of spike-type rotating stall in a transonic compressor. The Large Eddy Simulation was further extended to the full annulus to identify flow mechanisms behind the measured spike-type rotating stall inception. The current study shows that the spike-type rotating stall develops after the passage shock is fully detached from the blade passages. Interaction between the tip clearance vortex and the passage shock creates a low momentum area near the pressure side of the blade. As the mass flow rate decreases, this low momentum area moves further upstream and reversed tip clearance flow is initiated at the trailing edge plane. Eventually, the low momentum area near the pressure side reaches the leading edge and forward spillage of the tip clearance flow occurs. The flows in the affected blade passage or passages then stall. As the stalled blade passages are formed behind the passage shock, the stalled area rotates counter to the blade rotation just like the classical Emmon’s type rotating stall. Both the measurements and the computations show that the rotating stall cell covers one to two blade passage lengths and rotates at roughly 50% of the rotor speed.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
MicroRNA therapy confers anti-senescent effects on doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity by intracellular and paracrine signaling

Doxorubicin (Dox), an important anthracycline, is a potent anticancer agent that is used for treating solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, its clinical use is hampered by cardiac cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of miR-199a-3p. Continuous Dox treatment not only markedly induced cardiomyocyte senescence but also resulted in a growing number of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cardiomyocytes, frequently leading to heart senescence. This study showed that miR-199a-3p was downregulated in cardiomyocytes when exposed to Dox. The cardiac-specific overexpression of miR-199a-3p promoted cell cycle re-entry and cell proliferation, resulting in relief from cardiac senescence. Also, the elevation of miR-199a-3p inhibited the generation of SASP, thus, hampering the spread of senescence. In cardiomyocytes, the modulation of miR-199a-3p changed the levels of senescence-related protein GATA4. The ectopic expression of GATA4 blunted the anti-senescence effect of miR-199a-3p. Together, the data supported a role for miR-199a-3p during Dox cardiotoxicity. The elevation of miR-199a-3p might provide a dual therapeutic advantage in Dox cardiotoxicity therapy by simultaneously preventing cardiac senescence and reducing the spread of senescence.