Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Spectrum Sensing Technique Based on Variably Weighted Sensing Samples in the Presence of Random Traffic of Primary Users

—This paper investigates the spectrum sensing problem under the random traffic condition of the primary user (PU) in cognitive radio (CR) networks, where the PU may depart or arrive in a random way during the sensing period. Considering that the data transmission period of the secondary user (SU) starts right after the sensing period ends, we observe that, in the presence of the random traffic of the PU, the sensing samples in the latter part of the sensing period are more reliable in making a decision on whether the PU is present or not. Based on this observation, then, we propose spectrum sensing test statistics exploiting only sensing samples in the latter part the sensing period and assigning a larger weight to a sensing sample closer to the end of the sensing period. It is demonstrated in numerical results that the proposed methods offer a significant improvement in detection and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) performances over the conventional methods under the random traffic condition of the PU.
Fine-mapping of the HNF1Bmulticancer locus identifies candidate variants thatmediate endometrial cancer risk

Commonvariants in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF1B) gene are associatedwith the risk of Type II diabetes and multiple cancers. Evidence to date indicates that cancer risk may be mediated via genetic or epigenetic effects on HNF1B gene expression. We previously found single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the HNF1B locus to be associated with endometrial cancer, and now report extensive fine-mapping and in silico and laboratory analyses of this locus. Analysis of 1184 genotyped and imputed SNPs in 6608 Caucasian cases and 37 925 controls, and 895 Asian cases and 1968 controls, revealed the best signal of association for SNP rs11263763 (P = 8.4 × 10, odds ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval = 0.82–0.89), located within HNF1B intron 1. Haplotype analysis and conditional analyses provide no evidence of further independent endometrial cancer risk variants at this locus. SNP rs11263763genotypewasassociatedwithHNF1BmRNAexpressionbutnotwithHNF1Bmethylation inendometrial tumor samples fromThe Cancer GenomeAtlas. Genetic analyses prioritized rs11263763 and four other SNPs in high-to-moderate linkage disequilibrium as the most likely causal SNPs. Three of these SNPs map to the extended HNF1B promoter based on chromatinmarks extending from theminimal promoter region. Reporter assays demonstrated that this extended region reduces activity in combination with the minimal HNF1B promoter, and that the minor alleles of rs11263763 or rs8064454 are associated with decreasedHNF1B promoter activity. Our findings provide evidence for a single signal associatedwith endometrial cancer risk at the HNF1B locus, and that risk is likely mediated via altered HNF1B gene expression.
On the projective embeddings of Gorenstein toric del Pezzo surfaces

We study the projective embeddings of complete Gorenstein toric del Pezzo surfaces by ample complete linear systems, especially of minimal degree and dimension. Complete Gorenstein toric del Pezzo surfaces are in one-to-one correspondence with the 2-dimensional reﬂexive integral convex polytopes, which are classiﬁed into 16 types up to isomorphisms of lattices. Our main result shows that the minimal dimension and the minimal degree of all the ample complete linear systems on such a surface are attained by the primitive anti-canonical class except one case. From this, we determine the projective embeddings of these surfaces which are global complete intersections. We also show that the minimal free resolution of the deﬁning ideal of the image under the anti-canonical embedding of these surfaces is given by an Eagon–Northcott complex.
Image Uploading for Safe Driving Applications in Vehicular Networks Based on Mobile Edge Computing Technologies

This paper proposes an image uploading system for vehicle safety monitoring applications based on mobile edge computing technologies. In this system, numerous camera nodes are placed within vehicles to collect vehicle journey data, and when emergency events such as accidents are detected, a camera with a view in the direction of the accident can upload more data than those in other directions. In addition, other vehicles within the area of the accident will also upload image data about the event, meaning that a greater amount of useful data on the accident will be collected for analysis and assistance to drivers. We propose to use mobile edge computing because of its many advantages, such as fast service response, low end-to-end delay and suitability for large data storage systems. We also propose solutions to minimize the uploading of redundant, repetitive and similar image data, a problem that has been encountered in previous systems. The results of both experiments and simulations showed that our system achieves better performance than those proposed in related studies.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Suppression in Cerebellar Development and Medulloblastoma: Separate Regulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activity and p27 Kip1 Localization Cell, Tumor, and Stem Cell Biology

During development, proliferation of cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP), candidate cells-of-origin for the pediatric brain tumor medulloblastoma, requires signaling by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the pathways of which are also implicated in medulloblastoma. One of the consequences of IGF signaling is inactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)–suppressing tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), comprised of TSC1 and TSC2, leading to increased mRNA translation. We show that mice, in which TSC function is impaired, display increased mTOR pathway activation, enhanced CGNP proliferation, glycogen synthase kinase-3 A / B (GSK-3 A / B ) inactivation, and cytoplasmic localization of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 Kip1 , which has been proposed to cause its inactivation or gain of oncogenic functions. We observed the same character-istics in wild-type primary cultures of CGNPs in which TSC1 and/or TSC2 were knocked down, and in mouse medulloblastomas induced by ectopic Shh pathway activation. Moreover, Shh-induced mouse medulloblastomas manifested Akt-medi-ated TSC2 inactivation, and the mutant TSC2 allele synergized with aberrant Shh signaling to increase medulloblastoma incidence in mice. Driving exogenous TSC2 expression in Shh-induced medulloblastoma cells corrected p27 Kip1 localization and reduced proliferation. GSK-3 A / B inactivation in the tumors in vivo and in primary CGNP cultures was mTOR-dependent, whereas p27 Kip1 cytoplasmic localization was regulated upstream of mTOR by TSC2. These results indicate that a balance between Shh mitogenic signaling and TSC function regulating new protein synthesis and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition is essential for the normal development and prevention of tumor formation or expansion. [Cancer Res 2009;69(18):7224–34]
Distinct Parkinson’s Disease Symptoms Relates To Different LFP Frequency Bands

— Parkinson’s Disease (PD) leads to heterogeneous clinical symptoms. The underlying electrophysiological phenomena in the basal ganglia circuit remains poorly understood, imposing a major challenge for designing customized and more efficient Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) protocols to match patients’ specificities and needs. To fill this gap, this work presents the correlation between clinical symptoms scores and spectral features evaluated from subthalamic nucleus (STN) local field potentials (LFP) recorded during intraoperative surgery for electrodes implantation in different PD subtypes. In addition to that, a linear regression model was designed and used to predict the symptoms scores (tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia) based on LFP rhythm’s power. The findings may help to understand how the spectral STN characteristics relate to PD clinical symptoms and guide new DBS paradigms.
Tumor Necrosis Factors: Pivotal Components of Pregnancy?7

Tumor necrosis factor a is a major component of the infection-stimulated cytokine milieux associated with preterm labor and pregnancy termination. As a consequence, this potent factor is thought by some to have exclusively negative effects on the course of pregnancy. Yet in humans and other mammals, messenger RNA hybridizing with tumor necrosis factor a cRNA probes and protein detected by anti-tumor necrosis factor a have been identified in normal cycling and pregnant uteri, placentas, and embryos, consistent with an important role for tumor necrosis factor in female reproduction and embryonic development. Here, evidence for this intriguing dichotomy is presented, unresolved aspects are discussed, and potential roles for uteroplacental and embryonic tumor necrosis factor are proposed.
promotes MMP-9-mediated metastasis by simultaneously suppressing PDCD4 and PTEN in laryngeal squamous cell

MicroRNA controls cancer invasion by governing the expression of gene regulating migration and invasion. Here, we reported a novel regulatory pathway controlled by miR-744-3p, which enhanced expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). We profiled the differential micoRNA expression pattern in LSCC cell lines and normal epithelial cultures derived from the head and neck mucosa using microRNA microarray. MiR-7-1-3p, miR-196a/b and miR-744-3p were expressed differentially in the LSCC cell lines. Subsequent validation using real-time PCR revealed that high miR-744-3p level was positively correlated with regional lymph node metastasis of LSCC. Real-time cellular kinetic analysis showed that suppressing miR-744-3p could inhibit migration and invasion of LSCC cell lines and reduce the number of lung metastatic nodules in nude mice modules. In silico analysis revealed that miR-744-3p targeted 2 distinct signaling cascades which eventually upregulated MMP-9 expression in LSCC. First, miR-744-3p could suppress programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a direct suppressor of NF-кB (p65). PDCD4 could also prevent AKT activation and suppress MMP-9 expression. Further, suppressing miR-744-3p expression could restore phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression. PTEN could inhibit AKT activation and inhibit MMP-9 expression in LSCC cells. The results revealed that suppressing miR-744-3p was effective to inhibit LSCC metastasis by inactivating AKT/mTOR and NF-кB (p65)
Effects of multi-site phosphorylation on CaMKII function

10 Chapter 1: Introduction . 14 1.1 Structure and isoforms of CaMKII . 15 1.2 Regulation of CaMKII . 20 1.2.1 Activation of CaMKII . 20 1.2.2 Targeting and interaction with binding partners . 23 1.3. 1 T286 phosphorylation . 32 1.3. 2 T305/306 phosphorylation . 33 1.3. 3 T253 phosphorylation . 35 1.4 Simultaneous phosphorylation at multiple sites on CaMKII can produce different functional effects . 36 1.5 Aims and hypothesis . 38 1.5. 1 Use of phosphomimic mutants . 39 Chapter 2: Methods and materials . 41 2.1 Generation of phosphomimic mutants . 41 2.1.1 Site-directed mutagenesis . 41 2.1.2 Purification of plasmid DNA . 42 2.1.3 Production of recombinant CaMKII in COS-7 cells . 44 2.2 Characterisation of recombinant CaMKII . 47 2.2.1 Characterisation of monomeric molecular weight . 47 2.2.2 Autophosphorylation . 48 2.2. 3 Phosphorylation of an endogenous substrate (TH) . 49
Computing Minimal Triangulations in Time

The problem of computing minimal triangulations of graphs, also called minimal fill, was introduced and solved in 1976 by Rose, Tarjan, and Lueker [17] in time O(nm), thus O(n) for dense graphs. Although the topic has received increasing attention since then, and several new results on characterizing and computing minimal triangulations have been presented, this first time bound has remained the best. In this paper we introduce an O(n logn) time algorithm for computing minimal triangulations, where O(n) is the time required to multiply two n×n matrices. The current best known α is less than 2.376, and thus our result breaks the long standing asymptotic time complexity bound for this problem. To achieve this result, we introduce and combine several techniques that are new to minimal triangulation algorithms, like working on the complement of the input graph, graph search for a vertex set A that bounds the size of the connected components when A is removed, and matrix multiplication.
2,3-Dihydroxyisovalerate production by pneumoniae

18 2,3-Dihydroxyisovalerate is an intermediate of valine and leucine biosynthesis pathway, however, no 19 natural microorganism has been found yet that can accumulate this compound. Klebsiella pneumoniae is 20 a useful bacterium that can be used as a workhorse for the production of a range of industrially desirable 21 chemicals. Dihydroxy acid dehydratase, encoded by the ilvD gene, catalyses the reaction of 2- 22 ketoisovalerate formation from 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate. In this study, an ilvD disrupted strain was 23 constructed which resulted in the inability to synthesize 2-ketoisovalerate, yet accumulate 2,3- 24 dihydroxyisovalerate in its culture broth. 2,3-Butanediol is the main metabolite of K. pneumoniae and its 25 synthesis pathway and the branched-chain amino acid synthesis pathway share the same step of the α- 26 acetolactate synthesis. By knocking out the budA gene, carbon flow into the branched-chain amino acid 27 synthesis pathway was upregulated which resulted in a distinct increase in 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate 28 levels. Lactic acid was identified as a by-product of the process and by blocking the lactic acid synthesis 29 pathway a further increase in 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate levels was obtained. The culture parameters of 30 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate fermentation were optimized, which include acidic pH and medium level 31 oxygen supplementation to favor 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate synthesis. At optimal conditions (pH 6.5, 400 32 rpm), 36.5 g/L of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate was produced in fed-batch fermentation over 45 hours, with 33 a conversion ratio of 0.49 mol/mol glucose. Thus a biological route of 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate 34 production with high conversion ratio and final titer was developed; providing a basis for an industrial 35 process.
University of Birmingham Traumatic injury and exposure to mitochondrial-derived damage associated molecular patterns suppresses neutrophil extracellular trap formation

26 Major traumatic injury induces significant remodelling of the circulating neutrophil pool and 27 loss of bactericidal function. Although a well-described phenomenon, research to date has 28 only analysed blood samples acquired post-hospital admission, and the mechanisms that 29 initiate compromised neutrophil function post-injury are therefore poorly understood. Here, 30 we analysed pre-hospital blood samples acquired from 62 adult trauma patients (mean age 44 31 years, range 19-95 years) within 1-hour of injury (mean time to sample 39 minutes, range 32 13-59 minutes). We found an immediate impairment in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) 33 generation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulation, which 34 persisted into the acute post-injury phase (4-72 hours). Reduced NET generation was 35 accompanied by reduced reactive oxygen species production, impaired activation of mitogen- 36 activated protein kinases and a reduction in neutrophil glucose uptake and metabolism to 37 lactate. Pre-treating neutrophils from healthy subjects with mitochondrial-derived damage- 38 associated molecular patterns (mtDAMPs), whose circulating levels were significantly 39 increased in our trauma patients, reduced NET generation. This mtDAMP-induced 40 impairment in NET formation was associated with an N-formyl peptide mediated activation 41 of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a negative regulator of aerobic glycolysis and 42 NET formation. Indeed, activation of AMPK via treatment with the AMP-mimetic AICAR 43 significantly reduced neutrophil lactate production in response to PMA stimulation, a 44 phenomenon that we also observed for neutrophils pre-treated with mtDAMPs. Furthermore, 45 the impairment in NET generation induced by mtDAMPs was partially ameliorated by pre- 46 treating neutrophils with the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Taken together, our data 47 demonstrate an immediate trauma-induced impairment in neutrophil anti-microbial function 48 and identify mtDAMP release as a potential initiator of acute post-injury neutrophil 49 dysfunction. 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61
CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL CONTENTS OF PESTICIDES IN RICE SAMPLES FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF PUNJAB

During the past decade, the use of pesticides in agriculture has dramatically increased which is becoming a major threat to human health. This study was conducted to investigate the pesticide residues in Basmati and IRRI varieties of rice in different areas of Punjab. A total of 106 rice samples of different varieties were taken from rice mills of specified areas. The concentration of 4 pesticides (L-Cyhalothrin, Malathione, Monocrotophos and Cartap) was detected using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The residual contents of L-Cyhalothrin, Monocrotophos and Cartap residues were detected in all while of Malathione in only 16 samples. The average concentration of pesticides residues, though ranged from 0.08 to 0.1 mg/L, were statistically insignificant in all growing areas of rice and all varieties of rice. Interestingly, the mean levels of all pesticides was below the standard lethal doses which point towards no risk of acute poisoning but may become problematic during long exposures.
Nonuniform sampling : theory and practice

1. Introduction F. Marvasti. 2. An Introduction to Sampling Analysis P.L. Butzer, et al. 3. Lagrange Interpolation and Sampling Theorems A.I. Zayed, P.L. Butzer. 4. Random Topics in Nonuniform Sampling F. Marvasti. 5. Iterative and Noniterative Recovery of Missing Samples for 1-{D} Band-Limited Signals P.J.S.G. Ferreira. 6. Numerical and Theoretical Aspects of Nonuniform Sampling of Band-Limited Images K. Grochenig, T. Strohmer. 7. The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform S. Bagchi, S.K. Mitra. 8. Reconstruction of Stationary Processes Sampled at Random Times B. Lacaze. 9. Zero Crossings of Random Processes with Application to Estimation and Detection J. Barnett. 10. Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction from Nonuniformly Sampled k-Space Data F.T. A.W. Wajer, et al. 11. Irregular and Sparse Sampling in Exploration Seismology A.J.W. Duijndam, et al. 12. Randomized Digital Optimal Control W.L. de Koning, L.G. van Willigenburg. 13. Prediction of Band-Limited Signals from Past Samples and Applications to Speech Coding D.H. Muler, Y. Wu. 14. Frames, Irregular Sampling, and a Wavelet Auditory Model J.J. Benedetto, S. Scott. 15. Application of the Nonuniform Sampling to Motion Compensated Prediction A. Sharif, et al. 16. Applications of Nonuniform Sampling to Nonlinear Modulation, A/D and D/A Techniques F. Marvasti, M. Sandler. 17. Applications to Error Correction Codes F. Marvasti. 18. Application of Nonuniform Sampling to Error Concealment M. Hasan, F. Marvasti. 19. Sparse Sampling in Array Processing S. Holm, et al. 20. Fractional Delay Filters: Design and Applications V. Valimaki, T.I. Laakso.
and Delivery Outcomes Protection against Malaria during Pregnancy IL-10 Production by T Cells Correlate with Proinflammatory Responses and Higher

Pregnancy triggers immunological changes aimed to tolerate the fetus. However, it has not been properly addressed whether similar changes occur in tropical areas with high infection pressure and whether these changes render women more susceptible to infectious diseases. We compared the frequencies of T cell subsets, including regulatory T cells, in pregnant and nonpregnant women from Papua New Guinea, a high malaria transmission area, and from Spain, a malaria-free country. We also assessed the relationship among these cellular subsets, malaria infection, and delivery outcomes. CD4 + FOXP3 + CD127 low T cells (Tregs) were decreased in pregnant women in both countries but were not associated with malaria infection or poor delivery outcomes. An expansion of IFN-g –producing cells and intracytoplasmic IFN- g levels was found in pregnant compared with nonpregnant women only in Papua New Guinea. Increased CD4 + IL-10 + IFN- g + frequencies and Treg–IFN- g production were found in women with current Plasmodium falciparum infection. Higher CD4 + IL-10 2 IFN- g + T cells frequencies and production of proinﬂammatory cytokines (includ-ing TNF and IL-2) at recruitment (ﬁrst antenatal visit) had a protective association with birth weight and future (delivery) P. falciparum infection, respectively. Higher intracellular IL-10 levels in T cells had a protective association with future P. falciparum infection and hemoglobin levels at delivery. The protective associations were found also with nonmalaria-speciﬁc T cell responses. Treg frequencies positively correlated with plasma eotaxin concentrations, but this subset did not express eotaxin receptor CCR3. Thus, an activated immune system during pregnancy might contribute to protection against malaria during pregnancy and poor delivery outcomes. The Journal of Immunology , 2015, 194: 000–000. with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, whereas differences between infected and noninfected women were assessed with the Mann– Whitney U test. In the latter case, as multiple comparisons (T cell pop-ulations, intracytoplasmic production of cytokines, secretion of 30 cytokines, various stimuli) were done, p values were corrected using the Benjamini– Hochberg method. Correlations between T cell frequencies and Abs or cytokines were measured with the Spearman’s rank correlation coefﬁcient. The p values were corrected for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg method. Analyses and ﬁgures were performed using Stata (StataCorp 2013, Stata: Release 13, Statistical Software, College Station, TX; StataCorp LP) or GraphPad Prism (La Jolla, CA).
Knowledge Management in Human Resource in Oil Companies from Technologies Perspectives a Literature Review

The aim of the current work is to discuss how has human resource (HR) and knowledge management (KM) technologies been developed in oil and gas industry. In order to fulfil this aim, four sub questions were formulated, which sought to understand: how technologies are supporting KM activities, HR activities, cultural KM relations, and the relations between HR and KM. This was done with the main purpose of coming up with a model that explains the development of HR and KM technologies. The study assumed a secondary approach wherein secondary data from peer reviewed studies were used in coming up with the findings. The different studies used in coming up with the findings were discussing how knowledge management has developed in the field of HR also the significance of understanding the oil and gas industry HRKM Technologies. According to the findings of the research, the importance of the developed Framework /Model for HR and KM can summarized into three major points: (1) there are the unique meanings of the term KM strategy; (2) the normal use of correlation of technologies to knowledge processes in the past studies has not adequate enough to explain their links to business strategy; and (3) technologies applied in KM can be used together in many different levels. The findings suggested contingency approach, which centres on KM initiatives, might be helpful when it comes to explaining the manner in which KM technologies can support strategy.