Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DUST DESTRUCTION RATES AND LIFETIMES IN THE MAGELLANIC CLOUDS

The dust budget in galaxies depends on the rate at which dust grains are created in different stellar sources and destroyed by interstellar shocks. Because of their extensive wavelength coverage, proximity, and nearly face-on geometry, the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) provide a unique opportunity to study these processes in great detail. In this paper, we use the complete sample of supernova remnants (SNRs) in the MCs to calculate the lifetimes and destruction efficiencies of silicate and carbon dust. We find dust lifetimes of 22 ± 13 Myr (30 ± 17 Myr) for silicate (carbon) grains in the LMC, and 54 ± 32 Myr (72 ± 43 Myr) for silicate (carbon) grains in the SMC. The corresponding dust destruction rates are 2.3 × 10−2 M☉ yr−1 (5.9 × 10−3 M☉ yr−1) and 3.0 × 10−3 M☉ yr−1 (5.6 × 10−4 M☉ yr−1) for silicate (carbon) grains in the LMC and SMC, respectively. The significantly shorter lifetimes in the MCs, as compared to the Milky Way, are explained as the combined effect of their lower total dust mass and preferentially higher dust-to-gas (D2G) mass ratios in the vicinity of the SNRs. We find that the maximum dust injection rates by asymptotic giant branch stars and core collapse supernovae are an order of magnitude lower than the dust destruction rates by the SNRs, suggesting that most of the dust may be reconstituted in dense molecular clouds. We also discuss the dependence of the dust destruction rate on the local D2G mass ratio, ambient gas density, and metallicity, as well as the application of our results to other galaxies and dust evolution models.
Comparison of endoloop and Hem-o-lok clip for stump closure in laparoscopic appendectomy: which one is more cost-effective. A retrospective study

We aimed to show the effect of closure of the appendix stump with different methods during laparoscopic appendectomy (LA), on postoperative complications, healing process and costs. Patients who underwent LA due to acute appendicitis in the last 5 years in Rize were retrospectively analyzed. Our study includes comparative analysis on two patient groups in which we carried LA. We used endoloop (EL) in Group 1 and hem- o-lok polymeric clip (HC) in Group 2 to close the appendix stump. Patients were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, preoperative white blood cell and C-reactive protein (CRP) elevation, whether a drain was used, appendix diameter, pathological diagnosis, postoperative complications, duration of surgery and length of stay, and cost. Of 209 patients, 111 (51.2%) were male and 98 (48.8%) were female. The frequency of drain placement was higher in Group 2 (P = 0.005). No stump leakage was observed in either group, but the incidence of other postoperative complications was significantly higher in the EL group (P=0.041). The use of HC is cheaper than the use of EL. There was no significant difference in other parameters. Both EL and HC are used safely in LA. Although both methods do not have obvious advantages over each other, HC stands out one step further due to its more affordable cost and less possibility of postoperative complications.
The effect of 12C + 12C rate uncertainties on s-process yields

The slow neutron capture process in massive stars (the weak s-process) produces most of the s-only isotopes in the mass region 60 < A < 90. The nuclear reaction rates used in simulations of this process have a profound effect on the final s-process yields. We generated 1D stellar models of a 25 solar mass star varying the 12C + 12C rate by a factor of 10 and calculated full nucleosynthesis using the post-processing code PPN. Increasing or decreasing the rate by a factor of 10 affects the convective history and nucleosynthesis, and consequently the final yields.
THE POLARIZATION OF THE SOLAR Mg ii h AND k LINES

Although the h and k lines of Mg ii are expected to be of great interest for probing the upper solar chromosphere, relatively little is known about their polarization properties which encode the information on the magnetic field. Here we report the first results of an investigation whose main goal is to understand the physical mechanisms that control the scattering polarization across these resonance lines and to achieve a realistic radiative transfer modeling in the presence of arbitrary magnetic fields. We show that the joint action of partial frequency redistribution (PRD) and quantum interference between the upper J-levels of the two lines produces a complex fractional linear polarization (Q/I) pattern with large polarization amplitudes in the blue and red wings, and a negative feature in the spectral region between the two lines. Another remarkable peculiarity of the Q/I profile is a conspicuous antisymmetric signal around the center of the h line, which cannot be obtained unless both PRD and J-state interference effects are taken into account. In the core of the k line, PRD effects alone produce a triplet peak structure in the Q/I profile, the modeling of which can also be achieved via the two-level atom approximation. In addition to the Hanle effect in the core of the k line, we also emphasize the diagnostic potential of the circular polarization produced by the Zeeman effect in the h and k lines, as well as in other Mg ii lines located in their wings.
A Noncontact Feed Microwave Metal Devices Deformation and Stress Sensor Based on Metamaterial

In this article, a noncontact feed microwave metal deformation and stress sensor based on microwave harvesting metamaterial (MHMA) is proposed. It integrates HMA array, feed network, and complementary cross-finger split-ring resonator detector (CFSRRD). The sensor can be applied in the detection system composed of waveguide antenna (WA at 10 GHz) and vector network analyzer (VNA). In the processing of monitoring, the signal emitted by WA will be captured by the MHMA array and output to CFSRRD through the feed network. Then the response signal of CFSRRD will be returned to WA and analyzed by VNA. From the analysis results, the deformation information of metal device will be obtained. Combined with the initial conditions of metal devices, the stress mutation information can be further obtained. Simulation and measurement results show that the designed sensor can detect the metal pipeline deformation caused by external force, pressure, or high temperature with a reliable accuracy level of 500 μm (submillimeter Level), and the minimum detectable radius of pipe is 30 mm. It has the advantage of simple structure, strong adaptability, and overcomes the shortcoming that traditional detection methods are difficult to detect the operating state of metal devices in a complex environment.
Stability of periodic peakons for a generalized-μ Camassa–Holm equation with quartic nonlinearities

In this paper, we study the stability of periodic peakons for a generalized-μ-Camassa–Holm (μQCH) equation with quartic nonlinearity. The equation is a μ-version of a generalized Camassa–Holm equation with quartic nonlinearities. First, we derive such equation via variational principle throw a modified Lagrangian, then we show the μQCH equation admits periodic peakons, and finally we prove that the periodic peakons of μQCH equation are orbitally stable under small perturbations in the energy space.
Phases and phase transitions of a perturbed Kekulé-Kitaev model

We study the quantum spin liquid phase in a variant of the Kitaev model where the bonds of the honeycomb lattice are distributed in a Kekul\'e pattern. The system supports gapped and gapless Z_2 quantum spin liquids with interesting differences from the original Kitaev model, the most notable being a gapped Z_2 spin liquid on a Kagome lattice. Perturbing the exactly solvable model with antiferromagnetic Heisenberg perturbations, we find a magnetically ordered phase stabilized by a quantum `order by disorder' mechanism, as well as an exotic continuous phase transition between the topological spin liquid and this magnetically ordered phase. Using a combination of field theory and Monte-Carlo simulations, we find that the transition likely belongs to the 3D-XYxZ_2 universality class.
On the Nature of Measurement in Quantum Mechanics

A number of issues related to measurement show that self-consistency is lacking in quantum mechanics as this theory has been generally understood. Each issue is presented as a point in this paper. Each point can be resolved by incorporating a cognitive component in quantum mechanics. Measurement in quantum mechanics involves the meaning of the physical circumstances of the experiment. This meaning is in part independent of what traditionally are considered purely physical considerations.
Stream diatom biodiversity in islands and continents—A global perspective on effects of area, isolation and environment

The species–area relationship (SAR) is one of the most distinctive biogeographic patterns, but global comparisons of the SARs between island and mainland are lacking for microbial taxa. Here, we explore whether the form of the SAR and the drivers of species richness, including area, environmental heterogeneity, climate and physico‐chemistry, differ between islands and similarly sized areas on mainland, referred to as continental area equivalents (CAEs).
‘Accidental’ procedural justice: The Finnish approach to policing

At a time when policing agencies are coming under increased scrutiny, the Finnish police are, reportedly, achieving very high levels of public trust. This article reports on the findings of research conducted into the Finnish approach to policing and considers whether and to what extent Finnish policing shows tendencies towards procedural justice. A mixed methods survey and focus groups approach was used to collect primary data that provided novel insight into the nature of policing in Finland from the perspective of police officers. The key findings of this research indicate that the Finnish police are operating in an apparently ‘accidental’ procedurally just manner. Rather than a fully planned implementation of procedural justice theory, a combination of cultural, legal and operational elements seems to have aligned to produce a form of policing that reportedly inspires high levels of trust and/or legitimacy in the general public. However, it was found that Finnish police officers are currently operating under high levels of fatigue and stress. Indeed, this may be compounded by the reported dissatisfaction with certain elements of the management structure and internal communication methods. Although many of the participants in this research appeared to have intentions very similar to those of procedural justice, it would seem that these are coincidental rather than an institutional application of procedural justice theory.
D7‐brane moduli space in axion monodromy and fluxbrane inflation

We analyze the quantum‐corrected moduli space of D7‐brane position moduli with special emphasis on inflationary model building. D7‐brane deformation moduli are key players in two recently proposed inflationary scenarios: The first, D7‐brane chaotic inflation, is a variant of axion monodromy inflation which allows for an effective 4d supergravity description. The second, fluxbrane inflation, is a stringy version of D‐term hybrid inflation. Both proposals rely on the fact that D7‐brane coordinates enjoy a shift‐symmetric Kähler potential at large complex structure of the Calabi‐Yau threefold, making them naturally lighter than other fields. This shift symmetry is inherited from the mirror‐dual Type IIA Wilson line on a D6‐brane at large volume. The inflaton mass can be provided by a tree‐level term in the flux superpotential. It induces a monodromy and, if tuned to a sufficiently small value, can give rise to a large‐field model of inflation. Alternatively, by a sensible flux choice one can completely avoid a tree‐level mass term, in which case the inflaton potential is induced via loop corrections. The positive vacuum energy can then be provided by a D‐term, leading to a small‐field model of hybrid natural inflation. In the present paper, we continue to develop a detailed understanding of the D7‐brane moduli space focusing among others on shift‐symmetry‐preserving flux choices, flux‐induced superpotential in Type IIB/F‐theory language, and loop corrections. While the inflationary applications represent our main physics motivation, we expect that some of our findings will be useful for other phenomenological issues involving 7‐branes in Type IIB/F‐theory constructions.
Hyperspectral imaging of bruises in the SWIR spectral region

Optical diagnostics of bruised skin might provide important information for characterization and age determination of such injuries. Hyperspectral imaging is one of the optical techniques that have been employed for bruise characterization. This technique combines high spatial and spectral resolution and makes it possible to study both chromophore signatures and -distributions in an injury. Imaging and spectroscopy in the visible spectral range have resulted in increased knowledge about skin bruises. So far the SWIR region has not been explored for this application. The main objective of the current study was to characterize bruises in the SWIR wavelength range. Hyperspectral images in the SWIR (950-2500nm ) and VNIR (400-850nm) spectral range were collected from 3 adult volunteers with bruises of known age. Data were collected over a period of 8 days. The data were analyzed using spectroscopic techniques and statistical image analysis. Preliminary results from the pilot study indicate that SWIR hyperspectral imaging might be an important supplement to imaging in the visible part of the spectrum. The technique emphasizes local edema and gives a possibility to visualize features that cannot easily be seen in the visible part of the spectrum.
STELLAR MASSES AND STAR FORMATION RATES OF LENSED, DUSTY, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES FROM THE SPT SURVEY

To understand cosmic mass assembly in the universe at early epochs, we primarily rely on measurements of the stellar masses and star formation rates (SFRs) of distant galaxies. In this paper, we present stellar masses and SFRs of six high-redshift (2.8 ≤ z ≤ 5.7) dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) that are strongly gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. These sources were first discovered by the South Pole Telescope (SPT) at millimeter wavelengths and all have spectroscopic redshifts and robust lens models derived from Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations. We have conducted follow-up observations to obtain multi-wavelength imaging data using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Spitzer, Herschel, and the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment. We use the high-resolution HST/Wide Field Camera 3 images to disentangle the background source from the foreground lens in Spitzer/IRAC data. The detections and upper limits provide important constraints on the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for these DSFGs, yielding stellar masses, IR luminosities, and SFRs. The SED fits of six SPT sources show that the intrinsic stellar masses span a range more than one order of magnitude with a median value ∼5 ×1010 M⊙. The intrinsic IR luminosities range from 4 × 1012 L⊙ to 4 × 1013 L⊙. They all have prodigious intrinsic SFRs of 510–4800 M⊙ yr−1. Compared to the star-forming main sequence (MS), these six DSFGs have specific SFRs that all lie above the MS, including two galaxies that are a factor of 10 higher than the MS. Our results suggest that we are witnessing ongoing strong starburst events that may be driven by major mergers.
Socioeconomic determinants of the creation of farm business by youth in north-western Benin

The high potentials of the agricultural sector in terms of income and jobs in Benin contrasts with unemployment among youth. Thus, this study investigated the socioeconomic factors determining the creation of farm business by youth in the northwest of Benin. Based on a random sample of 198 young farmers and with the criteria of labor and market dependence, a typology of the farms was made. Then, an analysis of the determinants of farm business creation was carried out by using a logistic regression model. The results showed that there are four types of farms in the study area, namely: modern farm business, family farm business, modern family farm and peasant family farm. Whereas “family farm business” is characterized by both a dominance of market dependence and a family labor, the most developed form, the “modern family farm,” is characterized by both a dominance of self-consumption and a hired labor, adopted by few. Based on the market dependence criterion only, those four farming types were re-grouped into two main types: family farm and farm business. Whereas family farm is characterized by a dominance of self-consumption, farm business is market-oriented. From this typology, it emerged that there are more farmers with basic education and basic training in agriculture, belonging to an agricultural association and having land ownership in farm businesses than in family farms. The results also showed that professional training in agriculture and land ownership positively influenced the creation of farm business, whereas, savings, number of family agricultural workers and contact with agricultural extension services negatively influenced it. This suggests that making credit more attractive and developing a new type of coaching to support young entrepreneurs would be more favorable to the emergence of farm businesses. Integrating these results could help to improve the orientation of policies and projects devoted to promoting agricultural entrepreneurship among youth in Benin. Key words: Farmers, Agri-business, Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurship, Employment of youth, Farming, Determinants, Benin
A fixed-parameter algorithm for a unit-execution-time unit-communication-time tasks scheduling problem with a limited number of identical processors

This paper considers the minimization of the maximum lateness for a set of dependent tasks with unit duration, unit communication delays release times and due dates. The number of processors is limited, and each task requires one processor for its execution. A time window built from an upper bound of the minimum maximum lateness is associated to each task. The parameter considered is the pathwidth of the associated interval graph. A fixed-parameter algorithm based on a dynamic programming approach is developed to solve this optimization problem. This is, as far as we know, the first fixed-parameter algorithm for a scheduling problem with communication delays and a limited number of processors.
Detection of Interstellar Cyanoallene and its Implications for Astrochemistry

Cyanoallene (H2CCCHCN) has been observed with the 100‐m Effelsberg Telescope towards the dark Taurus molecular cloud (TMC‐1) in four different rotational transitions (JK−K+ = 40,4−30,3, 50,5−40,4, 60,6−50,5 and 70,7−60,6) at the frequency range from 20 to 35 GHz. The existence of its isomer methylcyanoacetylene was confirmed with its K = 0 and K = 1 components of the 5K−4K transition. This result was predicted from laboratory measurements. Our attempt of searching for both isomers towards Orion‐KL, however, remains unsuccessful. Possible explanations are briefly discussed.
The local effect of Dark Energy in galaxy clusters

Recently, observational data and high precision mapping of the local velocity field of Local Group and Virgo cluster have revealed a linear velocity-distance relation of the outermost galaxies, properly referred to as Local Hubble Flow. By means of direct N-body method, we performed several simulations in which a galaxy cluster undergoes the action of the Dark Energy force and of the gravitational one induced by the gas. We reproduced the so-called Hubble diagrams, to highlight the outflow of the galaxies lying in the external region of the cluster. Our preliminary results suggest that the observed outflow of galaxies is likely due to the local effect of Dark Energy. Furthermore, the accuracy of the N-body method used, allows us to follow the merging process among some galaxies with the aim to reproduce the formation of a single compact object in the centre of the cluster.
Equalização Cega de Canais SIMO utilizando Autocodificadores Variacionais

ÐVariational Autoencoders (VAEs) are neural networks widely employed in unsupervised learning tasks. In this work, we deduce an extension of the blind equalization algorithm by Caciularu et al. to SIMO (Single-Input Multiple-Output) channels. We also propose an alternative formulation for this method with reduced computational complexity. Numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithms outperform previous methods.
Um Modelo de Aprendizado Profundo Multimodal para Classificação de Estresse Utilizando Sinais Obtidos por Dispositivos Vestíveis de Pulso

A recente proliferação dos dispositivos vestíveis (e.g. smartphones e smartwatches) e sua capacidade de medir vários sinais fisiológicos criam uma oportunidade de monitoramento contínuo e discreto do estado de estresse de um indivíduo. Tendo isso em vista, este trabalho propõe um novo modelo para classificação de estresse baseado em uma rede de convolução usando dados coletados por dispositivos de pulso. Os resultados obtidos, utilizando a validação leave-one-subject-out (LOSO), alcançaram a taxa média de 95,67% de acurácia, sendo um valor superior à maioria dos trabalhos já existentes na literatura.
ANALYSIS OF ONLINE TEXT-BASED DISCUSSIONS FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE COMMUNITY OF INQUIRY

This study examines influence of online text-based discussions for secondary school students. It aims to analyze students’ shares and views with the goal of exploring the implications of online synchronous text-based discussions held in the Information Technology and Software lessons. It was carried out as a case study in which 10 discussion sessions were held involving 26 students enrolled in a state secondary school. The case study was chosen because it makes it possible to examine a situation in detail and in depth. The findings were discussed in relation with the “Community of Inquiry” (CoI). It was found that with online synchronous text-based discussions, the students experienced building of meaning or collaboratively verified mutual understanding in line with the predetermined objectives. Online text-based discussions helped achieve a meaningful learning experience through development of social, cognitive and teaching presence. Student-student interactions in formal educational environments facilitated the formation of social presence in the online learning environment. Peer reviews concerning the discussion topics, shared contents and the teacher feedback contributed to the development of the students’ views on the subject. Off-topic or irrelevant shares in the discussion sessions might cause a negative impact on the students.
An efficacy assessment of very young EFL learners in Hungary

This study presents an area that has to date been little researched: the efficacy of young learners’ language acquisition. In Hungary, foreign language training offered for pre- school children is mainly a private enterprise. According to Hungary’s National Core Curriculum, public education introduces a foreign language no sooner than the age of 9-10; some exceptions are schools with bilingual programmes. As revealed by their high demand, the extant pre-school language programmes are highly popular with parents. Yet in the absence of official control or supervision, the need to evaluate their effectiveness in the form of private research has arisen. This examination aims to fulfill this very goal.