Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pattern recognition with adaptive-thresholds for sleep spindle in high density EEG signals

Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy Sleep spindles are electroencephalographic oscillations peculiar of non-REM sleep, related to neuronal mechanisms underlying sleep restoration and learning consolidation. Based on their very singular morphology, sleep spindles can be visually recognized and detected, even though this approach can lead to significant mis-detections. For this reason, many efforts have been put in developing a reliable algorithm for spindle automatic detection, and a number of methods, based on different techniques, have been tested via visual validation. This work aims at improving current pattern recognition procedures for sleep spindles detection by taking into account their physiological sources of variability. We provide a method as a synthesis of the current state of art that, improving dynamic threshold adaptation, is able to follow modification of spindle characteristics as a function of sleep depth and inter-subjects variability. The algorithm has been applied to physiological data recorded by a high density EEG in order to perform a validation based on visual inspection and on evaluation of expected results from normal night sleep in healthy subjects.
Explicit vs. Implicit Feedback for SU and MU-MIMO

SU and MU-MIMO performance relies on accurate link adaptation in order to benefit from multi-user scheduling, beamforming, adaptive coding and modulation. Such accuracy highly depends on the type of the channel state information feedback. LTE-Advanced has defined two major types of feedback, i.e. implicit and explicit feedback. Implicit feedback makes some assumptions on the transmit precoding and receiver processing at the time of CSI and CQI feedback. The CSI is expressed in terms of a recommended precoder, commonly denoted as PMI. Explicit feedback refers to the feedback of channel information without making any assumption on the transmit and receiver processing. In this paper, we discuss pros and cons of such feedback mechanisms for both SU and MU-MIMO and compare performance of both approaches using system level simulations compliant with LTE-A system. It is shown that implicit feedback is the preferred feedback framework for both SU and MU-MIMO.
Evaluation of Soybean Germplasm Accessions for Resistance to Soybean Rust in the Southeastern United States and Efforts to Develop Rust-Resistant Lines

Identification and evaluation of resistance to soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) is complicated by interactions among host and pathogen genotypes, environmental factors, mechanisms of resistance, and the increased susceptibility of reproductive-stage plants. Resistance can involve lesion type, disease incidence and severity, level of sporulation from uredinia, and rate of lesion development. Since the appearance of soybean rust in North America in November, 2004, field and greenhouse tests have been conducted in the southeastern United States to screen accessions from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s soybean germplasm collection. On the basis of data from five locations in 2007, about 85 accessions appear to have useful levels of resistance to rust. Many of these have been or are being crossed to high-yielding lines to develop populations for breeding resistant lines and for mapping resistance genes using DNA markers. Transfer of resistant genes into agronomically superior genetic backgrounds and tagging these genes with markers will provide soybean breeders with the tools needed to develop rust-resistant cultivars.
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURE IN OECD COUNTRIES SINCE 1990 : Germany Country Section

This country section is an extract from chapter 3 of the OECD publication (2008) Environmental Performance of Agriculture in OECD countries since 1990, which is available at the OECD website indicated below. A summary version of this report is published as Environmental Performance of Agriculture: At a Glance, see the OECD website which also contains the agri-environmental indicator time series database at: 1.1. Agricultural production and land 1.2. Nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus balances) 1.3. Pesticides (use and risks) 1.4. Energy (direct on-farm energy consumption) 1.5. Soil (water and wind soil erosion) 1.6. Water (water use and water quality) 1.7. Air (ammonia, methyl bromide (ozone depletion) and greenhouse gases) 1.8. Biodiversity (genetic, species, habitat) Each of the 30 OECD country reviews (plus a summary for the EU) are structured as follows:
Clinical Communications : Adults HYPERCAPNIC COMA DUE TO SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX : CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

e c e Abstract—Background: Hypercapnic coma is a rare differential diagnosis in the unconscious patient. One underlying mechanism may be hypoventilation due to spontaneous pneumothorax. Although hypercapnia is not a typical finding in spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with otherwise healthy lungs, under certain circumstances, hypercapnia may readily develop. Objectives: We report a rare case of profound hypercapnic coma due to spontaneous pneumothorax after contralateral pneumonectomy. In addition, we review other causes of hypercapnic coma and its outcome and discuss the relationship between arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure and level of consciousness. Case Report: An 85-year-old man without evidence of trauma or intoxication presented unconscious to our Emergency Department. The physical examination and X-ray study revealed a left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. A right-sided pneumonectomy 25 years earlier had promoted the development of profound hypercapnic coma. After insertion of a thoracic drain, the coma rapidly resolved without any neurological deficit. Conclusions: Although severe hypercapnia is usually due to decompensation of chronic lung disease, pneumothorax potentially may cause hypercapnic coma. Review of the literature suggests that there is no close correlation between arterial pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) levels and the degree of impairment of consciousness; however, levels exceeding 80 mm Hg are likely associated with significantly impaired consciousness. Hypercapnic coma usually resolves without neurological deficit as arterial pCO2 tensions ecline. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Calcium peroxide oxidation of soil impacted by various spills : an attempt to meet Alberta non-hazardous landfill cover criteria

Large volumes of contaminated soil are created daily at Alberta’s industrial, oil and gas facilities. This soil is impacted with a variety of contaminants from multiple small spills comingled into a single containment bin. Due to lack of effective and economical remediation options, this material is transported to Class II or centrally located Class I landfills for disposal. A modified Fenton treatment was developed using calcium peroxide, citric acid and iron to oxidize hydrocarbons. Treatment was attempted on soil bins to establish if partial remediation could allow soil to be reused as landfill cover at local Class II facilities with stricter acceptance criteria than generic Class II landfills. Treatment resulted in an average of 19% hydrocarbon reduction and altered the classification of 18% of bins to meet stricter landfill criteria. Treatment was found not to be cost effective considering current landfill disposal costs and lack of government incentives for remediation. OXIDATION OF SPILL IMPACTED SOIL FOR LANDFILL COVER 5 Table of
Aportes de la investigación en cítricos al manejo agroecológico del cultivo en el piedemonte del departamento del Meta, Colombia

Agricultural technology has significantly increased production by relying on monocultures. Conventional practices are reaching the limits of unsustainable agriculture, characterized by high pollution rates, natural resource degradation, overuse of agrochemicals, materials and energy; all towards low or no profitability. Therefore the production process has to be reoriented by implementing an agroecological approach more closely linked to the environment and more socially sensitive, and which promotes the design of sustainable agroecosystems with an integrative vision. The aim of this paper is show the results of research conducted between 1994 and 2012, concerning the systematics of citrus production under tropical conditions, specifically in the foothills of Meta Department in Colombia. As a result of this review, missing elements were identified which serve as a basis future research projects towards the establishment and development of sustainable and agroecological units.
Upon the opportunity to apply ART2 Neural Network for clusterization of biodiesel fuels

Abstract A chemometric approach using artificial neural network for clusterization of biodiesels was developed. It is based on artificial ART2 neural network. Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of biodiesels, produced from different feedstocks, and FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) profiles were determined. Totally 96 analytical results for 7 different classes of biofuel plants: sunflower, rapeseed, corn, soybean, palm, peanut, “unknown” were used as objects. The analysis of biodiesels showed the content of five major FAME (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3) and those components were used like inputs in the model. After training with 6 samples, for which the origin was known, ANN was verified and tested with ninety “unknown” samples. The present research demonstrated the successful application of neural network for recognition of biodiesels according to their feedstock which give information upon their properties and handling.
Agrobacterium -Mediated Genetic Transformation and Regeneration of Low-Toxicity Variety of Castor ( Ricinus communis L.)

Low-toxicity transgenic castor ( Ricinus communis) plants were produced through Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation. Ricin, which is highly toxic, affects the application of castor. In this research, a 351-bp fragment located at ricin A chain gene (RTA) was selected to establish an RNA interference construct that was introduced into epicotyl of castor, thus transformants were obtained. Through semi-quantitative analysis on RTA, it was confirmed that the RTA expression quantity of the transformants was apparently decreased, demonstrating the interference efficiency of the transformation vectors and their function of reducing the expression of ricin at the RNA level. An improved protocol for the transformation and regeneration of less toxic caster has been developed for the first time.
Dysanaptic Growth of Conducting Airways after Pneumonectomy Assessed by CT Scan

In immature dogs after pneumonectomy (PNX), pulmonary viscous resistance is persistently elevated predominantly due to a high airways resistance (R aw). We examined the anatomical basis for this observation, using CT scans obtained from foxhounds 4 to 10 mo after right PNX. Airways of the left lower lobe were followed from generations z=0 (trachea) to z=12. By 4 mo post-PNX, airway length increased significantly relative to SHAM, but airway cross-sectional area (CSA) did not. By 10 mo post-PNX, average airway CSA was 24% above that in controls. Theoretically the increased airway length and CSA should reduce lobar R aw by 50%. However, post-PNX airway dilatation did not normalize total CSA, and estimated resistance due to turbulence and convective acceleration increased 3-fold, i.e., the 50% reduction in lobar R aw would be offset by the loss of 4 of 7 lobes. Thus, the expected reduction in work of breathing (W) in the whole animal is only ~30%, consistent with previously measured W in pneumonectomized dogs. We conclude that airway structure adapts slowly and incompletely, resulting in limited functional compensation.
HfON-Based Optoelectronic Memristor for Synaptic Computing

In this study, we investigate resistive switching, positive photoconductivity, and synaptic properties of a transparent bilayer memristor. An optically transparent (~90%) memristor is fabricated using optimized thicknesses for HfON and TiOx layers. By introduction of oxygen and nitrogen gas mixture, HfON is fabricated by reactive sputtering, which is identified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth spectra. Such memristor exhibits stable low-resistance state (LRS) and high-resistance state (HRS) of over $10^{{4}}$ cycles at 0.1 V. By changing compliance current and reset stop voltage, multilevel cell (MLC) characteristic is achieved. The nonlinearity values for potentiation and depression of the memristor are 2.38 and 0.97, respectively. The conduction mechanism for the memristor is explained using band diagrams. Under the illumination of blue light, the memristor displays positive photoconductivity. Multiple resistive states are achieved by changing illumination time intervals and intensities. For synaptic behaviors, the learning and forgetting behaviors of human brain are mimicked using the optical pulse of 10 and 20 s as spikes. Paired pulse facilitation (PPF) is calculated using electrical and optical pulses to demonstrate that this memristor would be a promising candidate for optoelectronic synaptic systems.
Recent researches on kimberlite and diamond geology

New developments since Wyllie9s (1967) book include new discoveries (India, USSR); observations on zoning of xenoliths in pipes; a newmineral (amakinite) and several minerals reported from kimberlite for the first time; new data on composition and geochemistry of kimberlite; observations on maximum size, abundance, and banding of xenoliths. New isotopic ages (South Africa, U.S.A.) indicate that although xenoliths may give Precambrian dates, kimberlite minerals crystallized at times that fit field relations. Researches on diamond give data on included material (nitrogen, pyrrhotite, rutile) and new syntheses (one in the graphite stability field). A scheme for appraising diamond deposits is based on kimberlite composition and diamond morphology.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Kidney Transplant Recipients using Profiled Support Vector Machines

This work proposes a twofold approach for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of kidney recipients using Support Vector Machines (SVM), for both predicting and detecting Cyclosporine A (CyA) blood concentrations. The final goal is to build useful, robust, and ultimately understandable models for individualising the dosage of CyA. We compare SVM with several neural network models, such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP), the Elman recurrent network, FIR/IIR networks, and Neural Network ARMAX approaches. In addition, we present a profile-dependent SVM (PD-SVM), which incorporates a priori knowledge in both tasks. Models are compared numerically, statistically, and in the presence of additive noise. Data from fifty-seven renal allograft recipients were used to develop the models. Patients followed a standard triple therapy and CyA trough concentration was the dependent variable. The best results for the CyA blood concentration prediction were obtained using the PD-SVM (mean error of 0.36 ng/mL and root-mean-square-error of 52.01 ng/mL in the validation set) and appeared to be more robust in the presence of additive noise. The propose PD-SVM improved results from the standard SVM and MLP, specially significant (both numerical and statistically) in the one-against-all scheme. Finally, some clinical conclusions were obtained from sensitivity rankings of the models and distribution of support vectors. We conclude that the PD-SVM approach produces more accurate and robust models than neural networks. Finally, a software tool for aiding medical decisionmaking including the prediction models is presented.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: To determine the association between serum uric acid and the number of risk factors that contribute to the metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study done from April 2019 to June 2020 in Shyam Shah Medical College and Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa. The study included a total of 180 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria. Results: Serum uric acid level statistically well correlated with Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Fasting blood sugar, Serum triglyceride levels, serum HDL levels and Waist circumference with p value of 0.0001,<0.0001,<0.0001,0.0004,0.0285 and 0.026 respectively. Conclusion: Serum uric acid can be considered as an additional investigation who present with any of the metabolic syndrome components, and if hyperuricemia is found an active search for other risk factors to be made.
Distributed Carbon Sink Detection Network for Mangrove Environment

Blue carbon is an important part of the world¡¯s carbon pool. Nowadays, terms such as carbon neutrality, carbon peaking and carbon trading are well known. However, it is still very troublesome to measure blue carbon sinks. By fully utilizing the characteristics of the distributed detection method, combined with theoretical research and practical requirements, intelligent nodes are designed to use sensors, cameras and other equipment to collect regional environmental parameters.And all environmental parameters can be obtained after nodes are rationally arranged. Subsequently, the detected environmental data will be packaged by intelligent nodes, and the final summary information will be sent to the upper computer in a cascading manner. The upper computer also contains intelligent algorithms that can analyze the tree information in the picture, making it more convenient for researchers to access the data. Researchers can analyze the real-time detection data of mangrove environment based on distributed detection nodes as needed to obtain useful data. The detected data can also be interfaced with the existing mathematical model of the mangrove environmental carbon sink, so as to calculate the environmental carbon sink more accurately.
Ju n 20 05 Vacuum Polarization of a Massless Scalar Field in the Background of a Global Monopole with Finite Core

In this paper we analyze the vacuum polarization effects of a massless scalar field in the background of a global monopole considering a inner structure to it. Specifically we investigate the effect of its structure on the vacuum expectation value of the square of the field operator, 〈Φ̂2(x)〉, admitting a non-minimal coupling between the field with the geometry: ξRΦ̂2. Also we calculate the corrections on the vacuum expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor, 〈T̂μν〉, due to the inner structure of the monopole. In order to develop these analysis, we calculate the Euclidean Green function associated with the system for points in the region outside the core. As we shall see, for E-mail: spinelly@fisica.ufpb. br E-mail: emello@fisica.ufpb. br
Qualitative Research: Introducing focus groups

This paper introduces focus group methodology, gives advice on group composition, running the groups, and analysing the results. Focus groups have advantages for researchers in the field of health and medicine: they do not discriminate against people who cannot read or write and they can encourage participation from people reluctant to be interviewed on their own or who feel they have nothing to say. This is the fifth in a series of seven articles describing non-quantitative techniques and showing their value in health research **FIGURE OMITTED** Focus groups are a form of group interview that capitalises on communication between research participants in order to generate data. Although group interviews are often used simply as a quick and convenient way to collect data from several people simultaneously, focus groups explicitly use group interaction as part of the method. This means that instead of the researcher asking each person to respond to a question in turn, people are encouraged to talk to one another: asking questions, exchanging anecdotes and commenting on each other's experiences and points of view.1 The method is particularly useful for exploring people's knowledge and experiences and can be used to examine not only what people think but how they think and why they think that way. Focus groups were originally used within communication studies to explore the effects of films and television programmes,2 and are a popular method for assessing health education messages and examining public understandings of illness and of health behaviours.3 4 5 6 7 They are widely used to examine people's experiences of disease and of health services.8 9 and are an effective technique for exploring the attitudes and needs of staff.10 11 The idea behind the focus group method is that group processes can help people to explore and …
PROTON-INDUCED HYDROXYL FORMATION ON THE LUNAR SURFACE

The interaction of both the particle and photon component of the solar wind with the lunar surface material is expected to produce diverse chemical reactions. Experimental evidence for proton-induced OH formation was obtained by bombarding a glass, chemically similar in composition to common silicate minerals, with high-energy protons. The concentration of OH, before and after irradiation, was determined by infrared absorption measurements. The OH formation rate was greatest at the start of the bombardment and decreased with increasing dose. The maximum proton to OH conversion rate, at the start of the irradiation, is at least 5 or 10% and may be as high as 100%. Using this result, together with estimates of the lunar age and recent solar proton flux data, we were able to make very rough calculations of the minimum proton-induced OH content in the lunar surface. If mixing or churning is not important, the upper centimeter could contain 4×1016 OH per cm3. When protons below 40 Mev and the higher conversion rate are included in the computation, the estimated OH concentrations could increase by a factor of 10 or more. If surface mixing or churning has occurred, they should be divided by an average churning depth.
An internally consistent data product for the world ocean: the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project, version 2 (GLODAPv2)

For version 2 of the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAPv2) we collated data from 724 scientific cruises covering the global ocean: data assembled in the previous efforts GLODAPv1.1 (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 1.1) in 2004, CARINA (CARbon IN the Atlantic) in 2009/10, and PACIFICA (PACIFic ocean Interior CArbon) in 2013, and an additional 168 cruises. Twelve core parameters (salinity, oxygen, macronutrients, seawater CO2 chemistry parameters and halogenated transient tracers) have been subjected to extensive quality control including systematic evaluation of biases between cruises. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted but updated to WOCE exchange format whenever required, and (ii) as a merged and calibrated data product. In the latter, adjustments have been applied to remove significant biases, respecting occurrences of any known or likely time trends. Adjustments determined by previous efforts have been re-evaluated. Hence, GLODAPv2 is not a simple merge of previous collections and some new data, but represents a unique, internally consistent data product. The original data and their documentation and doi codes are available at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/GLODAPv2/). This site also provides access to the calibrated data product, which is provided as a single global file or 4 regional ones: the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, under the doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG. NDP093_GLODAPv2. The product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data. The latter were obtained either by interpolation of, or by calculation from, measured data. This paper documents the GLODAPv2 history, methods, and products, including a broad overview of the secondary quality control results. The magnitude of and reasoning behind the adjustments are available on a per cruise and parameter basis in an online Adjustment Table.