Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 0.9‐V human body communication receiver using a dummy electrode and clock phase inversion scheme

This paper presents a low‐power and lightweight human body communication (HBC) receiver with an embedded dummy electrode for improved signal acquisition. The clock data recovery (CDR) circuit in the receiver operates with a low supply voltage and utilizes a clock phase inversion scheme. The receiver is equipped with a main electrode and dummy electrode that strengthen the capacitive‐coupled signal at the receiver frontend. The receiver CDR circuit exploits a clock inversion scheme to allow 0.9‐V operation while achieving a shorter lock time than at 3.3‐V operation. In experiments, a receiver chip fabricated using 130‐nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology was demonstrated to successfully receive the transmitted signal when the transmitter and receiver are placed separately on each hand of the user while consuming only 4.98 mW at a 0.9‐V supply voltage.
AN INTRODUCTION TO QUANTUM COIN TOSSING

We review the quantum version of a well known problem of cryptography called coin tossing ("flipping a coin via telephone"). It can be regarded as a game where two remote players (who distrust each other) try to generate a uniformly distributed random bit which is common to both parties. The only resource they can use to perform this task is a classical or quantum communication channel. In this paper we provide a general overview over such coin tossing protocols, concerning in particular their security.
WIYN OPEN CLUSTER STUDY. LXII. COMPARISON OF ISOCHRONE SYSTEMS USING DEEP MULTI-BAND PHOTOMETRY OF M35

The current generation of stellar isochrone models exhibits non-negligible discrepancies due to variations in the input physics. The success of each model is determined by how well it fits the observations, and this paper aims to disentangle contributions from the various physical inputs. New deep, wide-field optical and near-infrared photometry (UBVRIJHKS) of the cluster M35 is presented, against which several isochrone systems are compared: Padova, PARSEC, Dartmouth, and Y2. Two different atmosphere models are applied to each isochrone: ATLAS9 and BT-Settl. For any isochrone set and atmosphere model, observed data are accurately reproduced for all stars more massive than 0.7 M☉. For stars less massive than 0.7 M☉, Padova and PARSEC isochrones consistently produce higher temperatures than observed. Dartmouth and Y2 isochrones with BT-Settl atmospheres reproduce optical data accurately; however, they appear too blue in IR colors. It is speculated that molecular contributions to stellar spectra in the near-infrared may not be fully explored, and that future study may reconcile these differences.
XAI Toolsheet: Towards A Documentation Framework for XAI Tools

The landscape of Explainable AI (XAI) tools, which are practical implementations of XAI algorithms, has substantially grown in recent years. However, information about the XAI tools is spread across several academic and non-academic outlets, making it difficult and time-consuming to adopt an XAI tool from the vast array of options. We introduce the "XAI Toolsheet," a documentation framework with 22 tool features based on a qualitative analysis of 152 XAI tools as an effective means to assess XAI tools. The proposed tool features are classified under three categories: metadata, utility, and usability to assess the functionality and usefulness of various XAI tools. XAI Toolsheet can aid (a) XAI tool developers to evaluate their tools along proposed dimensions critically and (b) XAI tool users to quickly compare the capabilities and limitations of XAI tools and aid in their decision-making process. Our goal is for the XAI Toolsheet to become a standard documentation practice for the ML community. We practically demonstrate the usefulness of our framework by presenting instantiations of the XAI Toolsheet for two different XAI tools.
IMPACT OF TOURIST SATISFACTION ON THEIR REVISIT’S: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WELLNESS TOURISM DESTINATION SITES IN SRI LANKA

Wellness as a lifestyle mentions to special state of health incorporating the harmony of body, mind and spirit. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of tourist’s satisfaction on their revisit in the wellness tourism industry. To measure the satisfaction of wellness tourist Service quality was defined by Parasuraman, Zeithaml e Berry (1985) through the SERVQUAL scale with five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The evidence from this study suggests that majority of male travel to Sri Lanka for wellness tourism also majority of people were adult. Many respondents were with secondary education level and monthly income between US$ 1500-2000 also expenditure per day were between US$100-150. Majority respondenst were taken information about the destination through internet and many respodents were visit without kids. respondents were visit this destination manily between 5-10 times for th medical treetmentand and they were staying between four to six weeks in the destinations. According to survey can identify majority of people visit to Sri Lanka more than one time. Every respondent were satisfied with the wellness tourism services in Sri Lanka. Study found tourist satisfaction has direct positive and significant influence on their intention to revisit. According to the regression there is a significant relationship between satisfaction and the revisit. Correlation between satisfaction and the revisit is also greater than 0.5 which further supports the existence of significant relationship between satisfaction and revisit. Thus, there is a significant impact on revisit by satisfaction. The b value of this model is 0.712 which depicts a positive relationship between the Assurances and satisfaction. The significance value of the predictor (p<0.05) suggests that the predictor significantly contribute to the model. In summary, the data supports H 1 . From the results of the statistical tests it is clear Assurances is related to satisfaction. The b value of this model is which depicts a positive relationship between the revisit and satisfaction. The significance value of the predictor (p<0.05) suggests that the predictor significantly contribute to model. supports . From the results of the statistical tests it is clear revisit is related to satisfaction.
Understanding customer experience in Orlando theme parks through online reviews from TripAdvisor

In the last decade, the development of social media and digital technology, have empowered customers to strongly engage with firms, to freely behave choice wise and to influence other customers either positively or negatively. In fact, it not only has impact in possible customers but also in managers, who can take advantage from content generated on internet to improve customer experience. This study aims to extract latent information on visitor perception and experience through sentiment analysis from user generated content. Several findings were unveiled. In general, satisfaction and sentiment differ between the eight theme parks, wherein the three theme parks with higher positive sentiment were Disney’s Animal Kingdom, followed by Universal’s Islands of Adventures, after Discovery Cove and finally SeaWorld. Furthermore, it was found on one hand that drivers of customer’s satisfaction are associated with sentiments such as “fun”, “great”, “lovely” and “amazing”, and on the other hand experience and services such as “rides”, “water”, “dolphins”, “experience” and “show”. Those results are valuable to support theme park management to improve the guest experiences and consequently achieve sustainable competitive advantage.
Multiplicativity of Maximal p-Norms in Werner-Holevo channels for $1 \le p \le 2$

Recently, King and Ruskai [1] conjectured that the maximal p-norm of the Werner--Holevo channel is multiplicative for all $1\le p \le 2$. In this paper we prove this conjecture. Our proof relies on certain convexity and monotonicity properties of the p--norm.
Kernel-nulling for a robust direct interferometric detection of extrasolar planets

Context. Combining the resolving power of long-baseline interferometry with the high-dynamic range capability of nulling still remains the only technique that can directly sense the presence of structures in the innermost regions of extrasolar planetary systems. Aims. Ultimately, the performance of any nuller architecture is constrained by the partial resolution of the on-axis star whose light it attempts to cancel out. However from the ground, the effective performance of nulling is dominated by residual time-varying instrumental phase and background errors that keep the instrument off the null. Our work investigates robustness against instrumental phase. Methods. We introduce a modified nuller architecture that enables the extraction of information that is robust against piston excursions. Our method generalizes the concept of kernel, now applied to the outputs of the modified nuller so as to make them robust to second order pupil phase error. We present the general method to determine these kernel-outputs and highlight the benefits of this novel approach. Results. We present the properties of VIKiNG: the VLTI Infrared Kernel NullinG, an instrument concept within the Hi-5 framework for the 4-UT VLTI infrastructure that takes advantage of the proposed architecture, to produce three self-calibrating nulled outputs. Conclusions. Stabilized by a fringe-tracker that would bring piston-excursions down to 50 nm, this instrument would be able to directly detect more than a dozen extrasolar planets so-far detected by radial velocity only, as well as many hot transiting planets and a significant number of very young exoplanets.
A novel approach to the shifted QR algorithm for the Hermitian eigenvalue problem

We present two novel algorithms for computing the eigenvectors of an Hermitian matrix. The algorithms are based on the shifted QR algorithm. We show how viewing the shifted QR algorithm in terms of subspace iteration and Rayleigh quotient iteration (RQI) can lead to algorithms which are more naturally suited to adaptive computation of the eigenstructure of Hermitian matrices than the standard algorithm. We also show the algorithms to be theoretically similar to each other.
Towards Advancing Reservoir Model Analysis with Virtual Reality

Traditional software tools for visualizing and analyzing reservoir model data utilize 2D displays, and thus can only offer capabilities subject to the restrictions of these technologies. We describe ways to advance reservoir model analysis workflows beyond conventional methods by leveraging the strengths of virtual reality technologies to improve how one understands, analyzes, and interacts with reservoir models. Specifically, we discuss a reservoir model analytics tool exploring how virtual reality can be used to improve the spatial perception and navigation of data, support more intuitive and natu-ral data interactions, enable larger workspaces, and promote more effective collaboration over reservoir models.
Dust Segregation in Hall-dominated Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks

Imaging of the dust continuum emitted from disks around nearby protostars reveals diverse substructure. In recent years, theoretical efforts have been intensified to investigate how far the intrinsic dynamics of protoplanetary disks (PPDs) can lead to such features. Turbulence in the realm of non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is one candidate for explaining the generation of zonal flows which can lead to local dust enhancements. Adopting a radially varying cylindrical disk model, and considering combinations of vertical and azimuthal initial net flux, we perform 3D non-ideal MHD simulations aimed at studying self-organization induced by the Hall effect in turbulent PPDs. To this end, new modules have been incorporated into the Nirvana-iii and FARGO3D MHD codes. We moreover include dust grains, treated in the fluid approximation, in order to study their evolution subject to the emerging zonal flows. In the regime of a dominant Hall effect, we robustly obtain large-scale organized concentrations in the vertical magnetic field that remain stable for hundreds of orbits. For disks with vertical initial net flux alone, we confirm the presence of zonal flows and vortices that introduce regions of super-Keplerian gas flow. Including a moderately strong net-azimuthal magnetic flux can significantly alter the dynamics, partially preventing the self-organization of zonal flows. For plasma beta-parameters smaller than 50, large-scale, near-axisymmetric structures develop in the vertical magnetic flux. In all cases, we demonstrate that the emerging features are capable of accumulating dust grains for a range of Stokes numbers.
Dark matter candidates: a ten-point test

An extraordinarily rich zoo of non-baryonic dark matter candidates has been proposed over the last three decades. Here we present a ten-point test that a new particle has to pass in order to be considered a viable DM candidate. (I) Does it match the appropriate relic density? (II) Is it cold? (III) Is it neutral? (IV) Is it consistent with BBN? (V) Does it leave stellar evolution unchanged? (VI) Is it compatible with constraints on self-interactions? (VII) Is it consistent with direct DM searches? (VIII) Is it compatible with gamma-ray constraints? (IX) Is it compatible with other astrophysical bounds? (X) Can it be probed experimentally?
Recorded punishment promotes cooperation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game

Previous studies suggest that punishment is a useful way to promote cooperation in the well-mixed public goods game, whereas it still lacks specific evidence that punishment maintains cooperation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game as well. To address this issue, we introduce a mechanism of recorded punishment, involved with memory and punishment, into spatial prisoner's dilemma game. We find that increasing punishment rate or memory length promotes the evolution of cooperation monotonously. Interestingly, compared with traditional version, recorded punishment will facilitate cooperation better through a recovery effect. Moreover, through examining the process of evolution, we provide an interpretation to this promotion phenomenon, namely, the recovery effect can be warranted by an evolution resonance of standard deviation of fitness coefficient. Finally, we confirm our results by studying the impact of uncertainty within strategy adoptions. We hope that our work may sharpen the understanding of the cooperative behavior in the society.
Effects of Data Geometry in Early Deep Learning

Deep neural networks can approximate functions on different types of data, from images to graphs, with varied underlying structure. This underlying structure can be viewed as the geometry of the data manifold. By extending recent advances in the theoretical understanding of neural networks, we study how a randomly initialized neural network with piece-wise linear activation splits the data manifold into regions where the neural network behaves as a linear function. We derive bounds on the density of boundary of linear regions and the distance to these boundaries on the data manifold. This leads to insights into the expressivity of randomly initialized deep neural networks on non-Euclidean data sets. We empirically corroborate our theoretical results using a toy supervised learning problem. Our experiments demonstrate that number of linear regions varies across manifolds and the results hold with changing neural network architectures. We further demonstrate how the complexity of linear regions is different on the low dimensional manifold of images as compared to the Euclidean space, using the MetFaces dataset.
Analyzing and Realizing Multipath TCP Schedulers in Linux

Today’s devices are often equipped with multiple network interfaces. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) provides the opportunity to utilize the capabilities of all available flows for a single logical connection. Because of its huge impact on MPTCP’s performance, packet scheduling has been an active research area. Many approaches have been published that aim to improve MPTCP’s latency or its behavior given heterogeneous paths. The performance of these solutions can however not easily be compared due to the fragmentation of the existing implementations. We performed the necessary work to compare a number of promising scheduling solutions. First, we unified the implementations of minRTT [26], roundrobin [26], MuSher [29], BLEST [9], ECF [22], and STTF [14], by bringing them to the same Linux MPTCP [6] version. Then, we setup a testbed based on two Linux machines and two routers that is able to emulate different network scenarios over a variable number of paths. The results obtained from the conducted tests allow the direct and fair comparison of the published scheduling approaches. Key findings are the profound impact of the network queue sizes on the schedulers’ behavior and the disparate performances given delay heterogeneous paths. Subsequently, we analyze the characteristics of LTE networks and sketch a scheduling solution to improve MPTCP’s performance in this environment. A focus is on handover detection and recovery. We present benchmarks from a preliminary implementation that attest a good baseline performance.
Meta analysis of aerobic exercise improving intelligence and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

Objective: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease. This study aims to explore the intervention and treatment effects of aerobic exercise and different exercise modes on AD through meta-analysis. Methods: Using the set inclusion and exclusion criteria, retrieve the China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. Cochrane risk bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles, and ReMan5.4. 1 was used for forest plot analysis of mini-mental state exam (MMSE) score indicators included in the included articles. Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials and 795 samples were included. Meta analysis of all articles: I2 = 91%, P ≤ . 00001, (MD = 2.95, 95%CI [2.49, 3.40], P ≤ .00001). Meta analysis of 5 fit aerobics groups: I2 = 4%, P = . 38, (MD = 1.53, 95%CI [0.72, 2.33], P = .0002); meta-analysis of three spinning groups: I2 = 3%, P = . 36, (MD = 1.79, 95%CI [0.29, 3.29], P = .02). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can effectively improve intellectual and cognitive impairment in AD patients, and for different forms of aerobic exercise, the therapeutic effect of spinning aerobic exercise is better than that of fit aerobics.
Prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in the diabetes mellitus population: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, placing enormous pressure on healthcare systems and creating a heavy socioeconomic burden. It is urgent to comprehensively study the epidemiological characteristics of DN in diabetic patients and to analyze the related factors to its incidence in order to implement effective prevention and control measures. Methods and analysis: Computer-aided searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases will be performed for prospective cohort studies reporting the prevalence of DN in diabetic populations. Studies will be pooled using a generalized linear mixed model, and a single proportion of included studies will be calculated to derive the overall incidence of DN in the diabetic population, and to analyze the effect of different factors on the incidence of DN. Publication bias will be assessed using a funnel plot combined with Begg test. Sensitivity analyses will be performed using the separation method, the exclusion of low-quality studies, and the trim and fill method. Results: The primary outcome will be the prevalence of DN in the diabetic population; secondary outcomes will be the influence of factors such as age, gender, region, ethnicity, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes, baseline body mass index, baseline glycated hemoglobin level, baseline blood pressure, quality of included studies, and follow-up time on the prevalence of DN in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, the study will more comprehensively obtain the prevalence of DN in diabetic populations worldwide, and gain a deeper understanding of the differences in the prevalence of DN in diabetic populations with different characteristics, so as to provide evidence for the management of diabetes and the prevention of DN.
Choptuik's Critical Phenomenon in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

We investigate the effects of higher order curvature corrections to Einstein's Gravity on the critical phenomenon near the black hole threshold, namely the Choptuik phenomenon. We simulate numerically a five dimensional spherically symmetric gravitational collapse of massless scalar field in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity towards a black hole formation threshold. When the curvature is sufficiently large the additional higher order terms, affect the evolution of the whole system. Since high curvature characterizes the region when the critical behavior takes place this critical behavior is destroyed. Both the self similarity and the mass scaling relation disappear. Instead we find a different behavior near the black hole threshold, which depends on the coupling constant of the higher order terms. The new features include a change of the sign of the Ricci scalar on the origin which indicates changes in the local geometry of space-time, and never occurs in classical general relativity collapse, and oscillations with a constant rather than with a diminishing length scale.
The relationship between the flexor and extensor muscle areas and the presence and degree of intervertebral disc degeneration in the cervical region

Background: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence and degree of cervical intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and the cervical region muscle areas. Methods: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of the patients who were sent to our clinic for investigation of neck pain between 2019 and 2020 years were evaluated retrospectively. 143 Turkish women patients between 30 and 40 ages were examined in the study. The presence and degree of IVDD was evaluated for each patient. The areas of the cervical flexor and extensor paravertebral muscles were measured. Results: No cervical disc degeneration was present in 44 (30.76%) patients (grade 1). The cervical intervertebral disc degeneration was grade 2 in 28 (19.58%), grade-3 in 41 (28.67%), and grade 4 in 30 (20.97%) patients. In early stage degeneration (grade 2), an increase was observed in the area of all cervical paravertebral flexor and extensor muscles examined. As the degree of degeneration increased (grades 3 and 4), a decrease was observed in the areas of all muscles. Statistical significance was found for musculus (m) sternocleidomastoideus, m. levator scapulae, m. splenius capitis, m. semispinalis capitis, and m. multifidus muscles (P = .009, r = −0.261; P = .014, r = −0.248; P = .008, r = −0.267; P = .002, r = −0.307; P = .028, r = −0.222, respectively). Conclusions: IVDD is common in middle-aged females with neck pain. An increase in muscles areas is observed in the early stages of cervical disc degeneration but progressive decrease develops in all cervical paraspinal muscles areas as the degree of disc degeneration increases.