Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved Modeling and Influencing Factors Analysis of the Sliding Motion of Arc Roots Along OGW During Lightning Strikes

When an overhead ground wire (OGW) is struck by lightning, the sliding motion of arc root (hereafter referred to as sliding motion) causes various lightning-induced damage mechanisms. To provide a data-based foundation for the analysis of damage mechanism and improvement of existing lightning-induced damage test method, it is necessary to analyze this sliding motion. In this article, a sliding motion model along the OGW was established based on the arc chain model. The proposed model was verified by an OGW rupture case caused by sliding motion and a needle-wire discharge experiment. Using the model, the factors influencing the sliding displacement of arc root (hereafter referred to as xroot) were analyzed. The results showed that in the case of return stroke, the influence of nonuniform wind velocity distribution in the boundary layer and thermal buoyancy can be neglected. xroot is positively correlated with the wave tail time but independent of the wave head time. In the case of continuing current, the nonuniform distribution of wind velocity in the boundary layer and thermal buoyancy can influence the results of xroot, with maximum errors exceeding 50% and 25%, respectively. In addition, the contribution of wind to the sliding motion can be neglected.
Coefficients complexes de transmission ultrasonore à travers une lame à faces parallèles immergée

Ultrasonic transmission coefficients for a parallel face plate imersed in a liquid are established for an incidence lower and greater than the longitudinal limit angle. The experimental measurements validate these results and indirectly confirm the existence of surface waves Les coefficients de transmission ultrasonore d'une lame a faces paralleles solide immergee dans un liquide sont calcules pour une incidence inferieure et superieure a l'angle limite longitudinal. Les mesures experimentales valident les resultats et indirectement l'existence des modes de surface
Higher Short-Chain Fermentable Carbohydrates Are Associated with Lower Body Fat and Higher Insulin Sensitivity in People with Prediabetes

The quality of carbohydrates has metabolic consequences in people with prediabetes. However, the causality of short-chain fermentable carbohydrate intakes and metabolic parameters has not been explored in the prediabetic or diabetic population. We investigated associations between different types of carbohydrates, including fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, polyols (FODMAPs), and polysaccharides (dietary fibre), and body composition and glucose/insulin responses in subjects with prediabetes. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 177 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (mean age: 60 (54–62) years, 41% men) underwent an assessment of body composition and completed six-point oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA2-IR), insulin sensitivity, detailed 3-day food records, and physical activity questionnaire. Daily habitual FODMAP intake decreased progressively with increasing BMI, ranging from 7.9 (6.2–12.7) g/d in subjects with normal BMI and 6.6 (4.6–9.9) g/d in subjects with overweight to 5.8 (3.8–9.0) g/d in subjects with obesity (p = 0.038). After adjustment for age and gender, galactooligosaccharides (GOSs) were negatively correlated with body fat (Standardised Beta coefficient β = −0.156, p = 0.006) and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (β = 0.243, p = 0.001). This remained significant after adjustment for macronutrients, fibre, and physical activity (p = 0.035 and p = 0.010, respectively). In individuals with IGT, higher dietary GOS intake was associated with lower body fat and higher insulin sensitivity independent of macronutrients and fibre intake, calling for interventional studies to evaluate the effect of FODMAP intake in prediabetes.
Examining the Digital Divide in Education during COVID-19 from Teachers' Perspectives

The outbreak of COVID-19 resulted in unprecedented school closures in education, leading online education to become “the new normal. ” Concurrently, emergency online instruction further exacerbated what is known as the digital divide, one of the contributing factors to inequality of educational opportunities. The purpose of our research is to examine in what ways the digital divide influences teachers and students during COVID-19. A better understanding of teachers' perceptions of teaching online and the digital divide can offer more information for effective teaching during the pandemic. In this multi-method study, researchers collected data from 36 teachers through Likert scale questions and open-ended survey questions. The findings indicated that first- and second-level digital divides are the main problems affecting online education during the COVID-19 outbreak. Some students might not benefit from online learning due to the digital divide. Lack of access to technology and the internet, first-level digital divide, affected primarily students from lower SES. Further, even though some students had access to technology and the internet, students' and teachers' information and communication technology (ICT) skills, second-level digital divide, impacted how they use technology and profit from online education. Teachers need support to improve their own ICT skills, as well as their students, to reduce the impact of the digital divide in education.
Pulmonary tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in northwestern Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study among presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Introduction Border areas are important sites for disseminating Mycobacterium tuberculosis among individuals living in such areas. This study examined patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) visiting the Abrihajira and Metema hospitals in northwest Ethiopia to investigate the prevalence of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RR-MTB), multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-MTB), and risk factors related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2021 among 314 PTB presumptive patients. Xpert MTB/RIF and line probe assays (LPA) were used to process sputum samples. Data were imported into the Epi-Data 3.1 program and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, United States) to conduct the analysis. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. A value of p of <0.05 denoted statistical significance. Results Of the total (314) PTB presumptive patients who participated in this study, 178 (56.69%) were men, and 165 (52.5%) were from 25 to 50 years of age with a median age of 35.00 (inter-quartile: 25–45 years). Among all patients, 12.7% had PTB by Gene Xpert and 7/314 (2.23%) were resistant to rifampicin. Among patients enrolled, 4/314 (1.27%) had MDR-MTB (resistant to RIF and INH) by LPA. Regarding the risk factors assessed, primary level of education, sputum production, night sweating, respiratory disorder, contact history of TB, history of MDR-MTB infection, history of alcohol use, and cigarette smoking showed statistical significance with the prevalence of PTB (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion This study observed a high prevalence of PTB, RR-MTB, and MDR-MTB compared with many other previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Among the assessed risk factors that could be associated with the prevalence of PTB, eight were statistically significant. This prevalence, resistance, and statistically significant variables are the evidence to which more emphasis should be given to the country’s border areas.
The integrated stress response protects against ER stress but is not required for altered translation and lifespan from dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

The highly conserved integrated stress response (ISR) reduces and redirects mRNA translation in response to certain forms of stress and nutrient limitation. It is activated when kinases phosphorylate a key residue in the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2). General Control Nonderepressible-2 (GCN2) is activated to phosphorylate eIF2α by the presence of uncharged tRNA associated with nutrient scarcity, while protein kinase R-like ER kinase-1 (PERK) is activated during the ER unfolded protein response (UPRER). Here, we investigated the role of the ISR during nutrient limitation and ER stress with respect to changes in protein synthesis, translationally driven mRNA turnover, and survival in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that, while GCN2 phosphorylates eIF2α when nutrients are restricted, the ability to phosphorylate eIF2α is not required for changes in translation, nonsense-mediated decay, or lifespan associated with dietary restriction (DR). Interestingly, loss of both GCN2 and PERK abolishes increased lifespan associated with dietary restriction, indicating the possibility of other substrates for these kinases. The ISR was not dispensable under ER stress conditions, as demonstrated by the requirement for PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation for decreased translation and wild type-like survival. Taken together, results indicate that the ISR is critical for ER stress and that other translation regulatory mechanisms are sufficient for increased lifespan under dietary restriction.
Numerical Simulation for Influence of Greenhouse Effects on Climatic Change of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau along Qinghai-Xizang Railway

Climatic change due to greenhouse effects (2×CO2) over Qinghai\|Xizang Plateau, with focus on the area along Qinghai\|Xizang railway simulated by a regional climate model (RegCM2) have been investigated. The model was nested to a global coupled ocean\|atmosphere model (CSIRO R21L9 AOGCM). Analysesof controlrun of the regional model indicatedthat it can reproduce the climate betterthan the global model in the area. Results of sensitive experiment by the regional modelwith 2×CO2showed that the surface air temperature over the areamight increase remarkably due to greenhouse effect. The value are usually greater than 2.6～2.8℃, which is higher than that in China. Precipitationmight also increase over most of the area. Increasing precipitation along Qinghai\|Xizang railway are usually greater than 25%, which is higher than in China. Daily maximum and minimum temperaturewill also increase in the area.
New records of four-lined snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) in Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra (SI3000212)

The article presents new records of ten specimens (one juvenile, one subadult and eight snake sheddings) of four-lined snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata) recorded in a period between May 2002 and March 2011 on seven locations in Natura 2000 site Slovenska Istra (SI3000212). In some locations, the species was observed several times. Data show successful reproduction within the abovementioned Natura 2000 site.
Bayesian ISOLA: new tool for automated centroid moment tensor inversion

We have developed a new, fully automated tool for the centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversion in a Bayesian framework. It includes automated data retrieval, data selection where station components with various instrumental disturbances are rejected, and full-waveform inversion in a space-time grid around a provided hypocenter. A data covariance matrix calculated from pre-event noise yields an automated weighting of the station recordings according to their noise levels and also serves as an automated frequency filter suppressing noisy frequency ranges. The method is tested on synthetic and observed data. It is applied on a dataset from the Swiss seismic network and the results are compared with the existing high-quality MT catalog. The software package programmed in Python is designed to be as versatile as possible in order to be applicable in various networks ranging from local to regional. The method can be applied either to the everyday network data flow, or to process large pre-existing earthquake catalogues and data sets.
THE EFFECT OF GIVING INCENTIVES TO EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE PT. BPR EKADHARMA MAGETAN

The problem in this study is whether the provision of incentives significantly affects the performance of employees at PT. BPR Ekadharma Magetan. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is an effect of giving incentives to employee performance. The type of research used is quantitative with an associative approach. The technique of collecting data through observation, questionnaires and documentation. While the data analysis technique used is simple linear regression. As for the types of data sources, this research is primary data, namely data obtained directly from the source or place where the research was conducted. The population of this research is all employees and managers of PT. BPR Ekadharma Magetan totaling 93 people. The sample determination is saturated sampling. Data obtained using SPSS 21 (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). The results of this study indicate that based on the results of research that researchers conducted at PT. BPR Ekadharma Magetan that giving incentives has a significant effect on employee performance. This can be seen from the results of statistical calculations through partial hypothesis testing which shows that t count > t table then Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. Keywords: Incentives, Employee Performance
Impact of SOFA Score on The Outcomes of Traumatic Patient in Intensive Care Unit

Article information Background: When a patient is admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU], organ dysfunction is thought to be the primary cause of death and complications. Since its development in the 1990s, the sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA] score has been used in critical care to assess and forecast acute morbidities and related patient outcomes. The Aim of the work: For assessment SOFA score ability as a diagnostic indicator in predicting traumatic patients’ outcome in the ICU. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on all trauma patients who admitted to ICU at Damietta Al-Azhar University Hospital. After approval of ethical committee 70 patients of them ranged from 18 to 69 years were selected. Results: Regarding the cause of admission in the studied population, 24% was abdominal trauma followed by ICH in 20%, multiple fracture in 17.1%, subdural hematoma and pneumothorax in 14.29% for each then Brain contusion in 10% of included patients. The duration of hospital stay ranged between 4-20 days with mean duration of 9.600 ± 4.095 days. SOFA score has sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 100% for predicting mortality, at cutoff point 5.5. There was statistical significance positive correlation between SOFA score and the duration of hospital stay. Conclusion: There is statistically significant positive correlation between SOFA score and the duration of hospital stay so It is suggested that SOFA score be used as a suitable tool to predict patients’ outcomes.
Provably Secure Lightweight Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement Scheme for Cloud-Based IoT Environments

A paradigm that combines cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT) allows for more impressive services to be provided to users while addressing storage and computational resource issues in the IoT environments. This cloud-based IoT environment has been used in various industries, including public services, for quite some time, and has been researched in academia. However, various security issues can arise during the communication between IoT devices and cloud servers, because communication between devices occurs in open channels. Moreover, issues such as theft of a user’s IoT device or extraction of key parameters from the user’s device in a remote location can arise. Researchers interested in these issues have proposed lightweight mutual authentication key agreement protocols that are safe and suitable for IoT environments. Recently, a lightweight authentication scheme between IoT devices and cloud servers has been presented. However, we found out their scheme had various security vulnerabilities, vulnerable to insider, impersonation, verification table leakage, and privileged insider attacks, and did not provide users with untraceability. To address these flaws, we propose a provably secure lightweight authentication scheme. The proposed scheme uses the user’s biometric information and the cloud server’s secret key to prevent the exposure of key parameters. Additionally, it ensures low computational costs for providing users with real-time and fast services using only exclusive OR operations and hash functions in the IoT environments. To analyze the safety of the proposed scheme, we use informal security analysis, Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic and a Real-or-Random (RoR) model. The analysis results confirm that our scheme is secure against insider attacks, impersonation attacks, stolen verifier attacks, and so on; furthermore, it provides additional security elements. Simultaneously, it has been verified to possess enhanced communication costs, and total bit size has been shortened to 3776 bits, which is improved by almost 6% compared to Wu et al.’s scheme. Therefore, we demonstrate that the proposed scheme is suitable for cloud-based IoT environments.
Science, society, and the coastal groundwater squeeze

Coastal zones encompass the complex interface between land and sea. Understanding how water and solutes move within and across this interface is essential for managing resources for society. The increasingly dense human occupation of coastal zones disrupts natural groundwater flow patterns and degrades freshwater resources by both overuse and pollution. This pressure results in a “coastal groundwater squeeze,” where the thin veneers of potable freshwater are threatened by contaminant sources at the land surface and saline groundwater at depth. Scientific advances in the field of coastal hydrogeology have enabled responsible management of water resources and protection of important ecosystems. To address the problems of the future, we must continue to make scientific advances, and groundwater hydrology needs to be firmly embedded in integrated coastal zone management. This will require interdisciplinary scientific collaboration, open communication between scientists and the public, and strong partnerships with policymakers.
Astronomical tuning of the La Vedova section between 16.3 and 15.0 Ma. Implications for the origin of megabeds and the Langhian GSSP

The early–middle Miocene, marked by the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) followed by the Middle Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT) towards cooler temperatures, represents a crucial period in Earth’s climate evolution. To understand this episode and reconstruct its origin and the regional impact of the observed global changes, it is critical that high-resolution astronomical age models are developed for climate sensitive regions around the world. One of these areas undoubtedly is the Mediterranean, but so far no such an age model has been established for the interval of the MMCO. Nevertheless, this interval is well exposed in the coastal cliffs along the Adriatic Sea near Ancona (Italy), where it is characterized by the occurrence of 7 conspicuous limestone beds, termed megabeds, alternating with marl intervals. Here, we use the Lower La Vedova Beach section to construct an astronomical time scale for the younger part of the MMCO in the Mediterranean. The tuning to ~ 100-kyr eccentricity seems robust, but is less certain for precession in some intervals, as a consequence of the less clearly developed internal structure of the basic precession related cycles and uncertainties in the phase relation with climatic precession and insolation and in the astronomical solution in terms of tidal dissipation and dynamical ellipticity values. The tuning nevertheless provides astronomical ages for calcareous plankton events and magnetic reversals for the interval between 16.3 and 15.0 Ma. Individual megabeds are related to the ~ 100-kyr eccentricity cycle corresponding to eccentricity minima and the megabed interval itself is partly controlled by the 405-kyr cycle, as it marks two successive minima and the maximum in between. However, no relation with very long period eccentricity cycles (2.4 and 1 myr) is evident, and a link to regional tectonic processes (a major orogenic phase at the base of the Langhian and the likely associated Langhian transgression) seems more plausible. The higher sedimentation rate in the megabeds can be explained by the additional preservation of biogenic silica, which may also account for the diluted planktonic foraminiferal assemblages. With the integrated magnetobiostratigraphy and the tuning to eccentricity and to precession/insolation, the Lower La Vedova Beach section meets key requirements for defining the Langhian GSSP.
Advancements in Understanding and Classifying Chronic Orofacial Pain: Key Insights from Biopsychosocial Models and International Classifications (ICHD-3, ICD-11, ICOP)

In exploring chronic orofacial pain (COFP), this review highlights its global impact on life quality and critiques current diagnostic systems, including the ICD-11, ICOP, and ICHD-3, for their limitations in addressing COFP’s complexity. Firstly, this study outlines the global burden of chronic pain and the importance of distinguishing between different pain types for effective treatment. It then delves into the specific challenges of diagnosing COFP, emphasizing the need for a more nuanced approach that incorporates the biopsychosocial model. This review critically examines existing classification systems, highlighting their limitations in fully capturing COFP’s multifaceted nature. It advocates for the integration of these systems with the DSM-5’s Somatic Symptom Disorder code, proposing a unified, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach. This recommendation aims to improve chronic pain coding standardization and acknowledge the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in COFP. In conclusion, here, we highlight the need for a comprehensive, universally applicable classification system for COFP. Such a system would enable accurate diagnosis, streamline treatment strategies, and enhance communication among healthcare professionals. This advancement holds potential for significant contributions to research and patient care in this challenging field, offering a broader perspective for scientists across disciplines.