Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Satellite and CALJET Aircraft Observations of Atmospheric Rivers over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean during the Winter of 1997/98

Abstract This study uses a unique combination of airborne and satellite observations to characterize narrow regions of strong horizontal water vapor flux associated with polar cold fronts that occurred over the eastern North Pacific Ocean during the winter of 1997/98. Observations of these “atmospheric rivers” are compared with past numerical modeling studies to confirm that such narrow features account for most of the instantaneous meridional water vapor transport at midlatitudes. Wind and water vapor profiles observed by dropsondes deployed on 25–26 January 1998 during the California Land-falling Jets Experiment (CALJET) were used to document the structure of a modest frontal system. The horizontal water vapor flux was focused at low altitudes in a narrow region ahead of the cold front where the combination of strong winds and large water vapor content were found as part of a low-level jet. A close correlation was found between these fluxes and the integrated water vapor (IWV) content. In this case, 75%.
DPW-5 Analysis of the CRM in a Wing-Body Configuration Using Structured and Unstructured Meshes

*† ‡ § ** †† ‡‡ Two general purpose Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solvers, OVERFLOW and BCFD, are used to analyze the NASA Common Research Model (CRM) in a wing-body configuration. The codes are run on structured and unstructured common grid families built specifically for the 5 th AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-5) allowing for meaningful comparison of data. There are six grid sizes in the family ranging from a 0.6 million cell “Tiny” mesh up to a 138 million cell “Super-Fine” mesh. Results from a grid convergence study are evaluated for each solver and grid type with focus on isolating individual effects of turbulence model and differencing scheme on computed forces, moments and wing pressures. A “Medium” mesh consisting of 5.1 million cells is used to run the wing-body configuration through an angle-of-attack sweep as part of a buffet onset study. The solutions are used to better understand variations in high speed wing separation prediction driven by the strengthening shock and by corner flow physics at the wing-body juncture. Numerical simulation of side-of-body separation continues to be a challenge for RANS methods where solutions are sensitive to grid density and turbulence model, amongst other variables. However, a newly developed quadratic constitutive relation (QCR) is employed with favorable results. Two additional studies are conducted to: a) investigate how well common grid solutions compare with those on a grid built using best practices for a given flow solver, and b) quantify the effects of transition and wing twist to provide additional corrections needed for comparisons of CFD results with experimental data.
Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship: An East African perspective of SME owner’s choice of joining the family business or independent own founding

Abstract Drawing from the lens of entrepreneurship as a contextually driven phenomenon, this study examined the effects of parental business exposure (PBE) on the entrepreneurial mode of entry (EME) of the next-generation family members and the role of exposure to self-employed grandparents and motivation to venture on the relationship between PBE and EME. A survey administered to a sample of 440 SME owners in Kenya who had one or both entrepreneurial parents indicated that PBE significantly and positively influences joining the family business and significantly and negatively impacts the independent own founding EME. Both exposures to self-employed grandparents and necessity entrepreneurship motivation improve the positive relationship between PBE and joining the family business EME. By investigating the role of these two factors in the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial behaviour that are of keen interest in a developing country context like Kenya, this study provides practical guidance to family businesses in these contexts on the importance of extended households and a post-entry phase training of the next-generation family business entrepreneurs in shaping the next-generation leaders of family businesses.
Detectability of rotation-powered pulsars in future hard X-ray surveys

Recent INTEGRAL/IBIS hard X-ray surveys have detected about 10 young pulsars.We show hard X-ray properties of these 10 young pulsars, which have a luminosity of 10 33 −10 37 erg s −1 and a photon index of 1.6–2.1 in the energy range of 20–100keV. The correlation between X-ray luminosity and spin-down power of L X ∝ L sd 1.31 suggests that the hard X-ray emission in rotation-powered pulsars is dominated by the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) component. Assuming spectral properties are similar in 20–100 keV and 2–10 keV for both the pulsar and PWN components, the hard X-ray luminosity and flux of 39 known young X-ray pulsars and 8 millisecond pulsars are obtained, and a correlation of L X ∝ L sd 1.5 is derived. About 20 known young X-ray pulsars and 1 millisecond pulsars could be detected with future INTEGRAL and HXMT surveys. We also carry out Monte Carlo simulations of hard X-ray pulsars in the Galaxy and the Gould Belt, assuming values for the pulsar birth rate, initial position, proper motion velocity, period, and magnetic field distribution and evolution based on observational statistics and the L X − L sd relations: L X ∝ L sd 1.31 and L X ∝ L sd 1.5 More than 40 young pulsars (mostly in the Galactic plane) could be detected after ten years of INTEGRAL surveys and the launch of HXMT. So, the young pulsars would be a significant part of the hard X-ray source population in the sky, and will contribute to unidentified hard X-ray sources in present and future hard X-ray surveys by INTEGRAL and HXMT.
Parametric inference in Markov branching processes with time-dependent random immigration rate

The present paper deals with continuous-time Markov branching processes allowing immigration. The immigration rate is allowed to be random and time-dependent where randomness may stem from an external source or from state-dependence. Unlike the traditional approach, we base the analysis of these processes on the theory of multivariate point processes. Using the tools of this theory, asymptotic results on parametric inference are derived for the subcritical case. In particular, the limit distributions of some parametric estimators and of Pearson-type statistics for testing simple and composite hypotheses are established.
Location Problems of an interface with two layer stationary Navier-Stokes Systems

In this paper, we focus on an interface problem. Two fluids immiscible satisfying stationary Navier-Stokes equations, with transmission boundary conditions on the interface are considered. We use topological optimization tools to get a topological sensitivity of a given cost function, in order to do numerical simulations locating the interface that separates the two fluids. In fact the obtained numerical results permit to see the comportment or the behavior of the fluids when changing the pressure in one compartment.
Deception and the Evolution of Plasticity

Recent models using simple signaling games provide a theoretical setting for investigating the evolutionary connection between signaling and behavioral plasticity. These models have shown that plasticity is typically eliminated in common-interest signaling games. In many real cases of signaling, however, interests do not align. Here, I present a model of the evolution of plasticity in signaling games and consider games of common, opposed, and partially aligned interests. I find that the setting of partial common interest is most conducive to the evolution of plasticity. Plastic individuals succeed by learning when to deceive others and when to trust others’ signals.
The Impact of a Land‐Sea Contrast on Convective Aggregation in Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium

Convective aggregation is an important atmospheric phenomenon which frequently occurs in idealized models in radiative‐convective equilibrium (RCE), where the effects of land, rotation, sea surface temperature gradients, and the diurnal cycle are often removed. This aggregation is often triggered and maintained by self‐generated radiatively driven circulations, for which longwave feedbacks are essential. Many questions remain over how important the driving processes of aggregation in idealized models are in the real atmosphere. We approach this question by adding a continentally sized, idealized tropical rainforest island into an RCE model to investigate how land‐sea contrasts impact convective aggregation and its mechanisms. We show that convection preferentially forms over the island persistently in our simulation. This is forced by a large‐scale, thermally driven circulation. First, a sea‐breeze circulation is triggered by the land‐sea thermal contrast, driven by surface sensible heating. This sea‐breeze circulation triggers convection which then generates longwave heating anomalies. Through mechanism denial tests we find that removing the longwave feedbacks reduces the large‐scale effects of aggregation but does not prevent aggregation from occurring, and thus we highlight there must be another process aiding the aggregation of convection. We also show, by varying the island size, that the aggregated convective cluster appears to have a maximum spatial extent of O $\mathcal{O}$ (10,000 km). These results highlight that the mechanisms of idealized aggregation remain relevant when land is included in the model, and therefore these mechanisms could help us understand convective organization in the real world.
Fabrication, optimization and cytotoxicity assessment of Ganoderma lucidum Triterpenoid-loaded electrospun gelatin nanofiber membrane as potential skin patch

Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids (GLT) have shown special anti-tumor effects, but due to low yields and their hydrophobic structure, they have not found much clinical application. Box Behnken Design (BBD) developed a formulation to optimize the effective parameters in encapsulating GLT. Then, Gelatin nanofibers were characterized by SEM, 1H-NMR, and FTIR. Finally, the GLT release kinetics and GLT nanofibers cytotoxicity was studied. BBD shows the best values obtained are the solvent ratio of 11.5%, gelatin concentration of 22%, and voltage of 20 kV which were validated by an experimental assay. The results showed that the positively charged ionic groups present on the surface of gelatin adsorbed the carboxyl groups in GLT and the magnetic fields created by their nucleus influenced each other. Finally, GLT nanofibers with an average size distribution of 75.4 nm were observed. The result showed an efficiency of 75% for drug entrapment. The release kinetics demonstrated a sustained release of GLT follows the Korsmeyer-Peppas model that suggests a combination of surface drug dissolution and quasi-Fickian diffusion. Also, GLT nanofibers showed a higher cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cell lines than free GLT. The generated model suggests a new approach to prediction and experimental nanofibers.
Higher-frame-rate ultrasound imaging with reduced cross-talk by combining a synthetic aperture and spatial coded excitation

In recent clinical practice of ultrasound imaging, the importance of high-frame-rate imaging is growing. Simultaneous multiple transmission is one way to increase frame rate while maintaining a spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio. However, this technique has an inherent issue in that "cross-talk artifacts" appear between the multiple transmitted pulses. In this study, a novel method providing higher-frame-rate ultrasound imaging with reduced cross-talk by combining a synthetic aperture and spatial coded excitation is proposed. In the proposed method, two coded transmission beams are simultaneously excited during beam steering in the lateral direction. Parallel receive beamforming is then performed in the region around individual transmission beams. Decoding is carried out by using two beamformed signals from a region where laterally neighboring transmission beams overlap. All decoded beamformed signals are then synthesized coherently. The proposed method was evaluated using a simulated phantom image under the assumption of imaging with a general sector probe. Results showed that the method achieved twice the frame rate while maintaining image resolution (105%) and reducing cross-talk artifacts from −37 dB to less than −57 dB.
Efficacy of Nitazoxanide, Nitazoxanide-Garlic Combination and Tinidazole in Treatment of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis hominis: Coproscopic Assessment

Background: Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis hominis are among the most common intestinal protozoa worldwide. Treatment of infection by metronidazole (MTZ) has some limitations. The objective of this study was to detect the prevalence of Blastocystis and giardiasis among school-age children from December 2021 till March 2022 from Motoubes, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, and determine the efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ), NTZ plus garlic and tinidazole (TIN) on Blastocystis and giardiasis infection. Methods: Stool samples were collected from 390 children and microscopically examined using formalin-ethyl acetate concentration and culturing on Jones' medium for B. hominis. Those who tested positive for giardiasis (120 children, 30.7%) (Group I) or Blastocystis (180 children, 46.1%) (Group II) were equally divided into four subgroups. The first subgroup received NTZ orally, every 12 hours for three successive days. The second subgroup received NTZ in the same dose as the first subgroup plus dry garlic powder every 12 hours for three successive days. The third subgroup received TIN as a single oral dose, and a fourth control subgroup. Successful cure was considered if no Blastocystis or giardiasis stages were found in post-treatment faecal specimens. Results: Cure rate was significantly higher in TIN treated groups (75.5% and 96.6%) than NTZ (57.7% and 40%) or NTZ plus garlic treated groups (55.5% and 43%) in both Blastocystis and giardiasis, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: TIN, once, is more efficacious than NTZ or NTZ plus garlic in the treatment of Blastocystis and giardiasis in children.
How use of knowledge sources influences eco-innovation in the tourism sector through product innovation and/or process innovation

Although studies that analyze eco-innovation without differentiating among industries are proliferating, research has not yet identified the factors that lead to eco-innovation in tourism sector firms. Since innovation in general is nourished by access to knowledge sources and the intensity with which they are used, this study analyzes the effect of intensive use of knowledge sources on eco-innovation in the tourism sector. It also analyzes the possible mediating role of traditional orientation of the firm in product innovation and/or process innovation.We use two data sources: panel data from Spain's National Statistics Institute on 199 tourism firms for 2011-2015 and primary data gathered from a set of 198 tourism firms collected separately via questionnaire in 2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The second dataset, which was collected independently of the first, aims to corroborate the results of the first in a different economic context and different firms.Our results indicate a significant distinction between product/service and process innovation. The findings show that that tourism firms rely on process innovation to implement eco-innovation, whereas product innovation has no influence in these firms in any of the years analyzed. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Sustainable Tourism is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
Tunnel catch from potential wells and energy detection

We consider the one-dimensional Schr\"{o}dinger operator in the semiclassical regime assuming that its double-well potential is the sum of a finite "physically given" well and a square shape probing well whose width or depth can be varied (tuned). We study the dynamics of initial state localized in the physical well. It is shown that if the probing well is not too close to the physical one and if its parameters are specially tuned, then the {\it tunnel catch effect} appears, i.e. the initial state starts tunneling oscillations between the physical and probing wells. The asymptotic formula for the probability of finding the state in the probing well is obtained. We show that the observation of the tunnel catch effect can be used to determine the energy level of the initial state, and we obtain the corresponding asymptotic formula for the initial state energy. We also calculate the leading term of the tunneling splitting of energy levels in this double well potential.
Tea Drinking and the Risk of Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Meta-Analysis

Objective For evaluation of the correlation between tea drinking and the risk of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Methods By searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases, the original studies on tea drinking and carcinoma of the urinary bladder risk were collected, the data were extracted, and meta-analysis package 5.2-0 of R language was used for meta-analysis. Results This study contained 11 researches, composed of 7686 patients and 10320 controls. Tea drinking was not linked to carcinoma of the urinary bladder risk (OR:1.02, 95%CI: 0.95–1.11). Conclusion Tea drinking may not be linked to carcinoma of the urinary bladder, but more definitive results are needed from higher-quality trials.
Abell 1763 and its Cluster Feeding Filament: Constraints on the Intra-filament Medium

Abstract Galaxies are found to inhabit a variety of environments. They are often found in pairs, groups, or clusters. Cosmological simulations predict that these clusters are connected on a larger scale by filaments, but because these large scale structures are so vast, and because they are of intermediate density, observational constraints on their properties are difficult to achieve. We find a large-scale filament in the Abell 1763-Abell 1770 superstructure, determine that the star-formation therein is enhanced, and uncover a bent double lobe radio source midway across the filament. From the bend of this AGN'a jets, we probe the density of the surrounding intra-filament medium (IFM), constrained to be between 1-20x10−29 gm/cm3. This density is consistent with direct probes of the IFM as well as theoretical models.
Novel Measurement Update Method for Quadrature-Based Gaussian Filters

A novel measurement update method is presented for quadrature-based Gaussian filters such as the unscented Kalman filters, the cubature Kalman filters, the sparse grid quadrature filters, and the Gauss-Hermite quadrature filter. Like the measurement update methods of the Gaussian filters, the method is based on linear minimum mean square error estimation. However, it updates the quadrature points directly such that the non-Gaussian structure of the quadrature points is partially preserved.
Dynamic surface output regulation method for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems

For a class of nonlinear uncertain systems driven by a linear,neutrally stable exosystem,output regulation problem is considered with the existence of unmodeled dynamics and external disturbances.The dynamic surface method and internal model principle were utilized to propose a control design method.Based on necessary condition of output regulation problem for nonlinear systems,the output regulation problem was transformed to a stabilization problem by using state variable change and a canonical internal model.The dynamic surface method first introduced order filter into the backstepping design to cope with the problem of "explosion of the terms" in it.An internal equation with error was designed via exosystem information,and a robust control law was designed to stabilize the closed-loop system.Simulation results via exosystem information show that the control scheme ensures all signals to be bounded and the error signal to be within a desired range.
Assessing dependence, independence, and conditional independence

Independence between several variables implies mutual independence between all pairs of variables. But when do we have dependence and still mutual independence? To answer such kind of questions we need to understand how dependence and independence can be specified and compared. This essay presents convenient tools for assessing dependence, independence and conditional independence and demonstrates that a central balance between independence and mutual independence based on entropies has a corresponding set of balances between conditional and unconditional independencies.
Semiclassical electron transport at the edge of a two-dimensional topological insulator: Interplay of protected and unprotected modes

We study electron transport at the edge of a generic disordered two-dimensional topological insulator, where some channels are topologically protected from backscattering. Assuming the total number of channels is large, we consider the edge as a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire and describe it in terms of a nonlinear sigma model with a topological term. Neglecting localization effects, we calculate the average distribution function of transmission probabilities as a function of the sample length. We mainly focus on the two experimentally relevant cases: a junction between two quantum Hall (QH) states with different filling factors (unitary class) and a relatively thick quantum well exhibiting quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect (symplectic class). In a QH sample, the presence of topologically protected modes leads to a strong suppression of diffusion in the other channels already at scales much shorter than the localization length. On the semiclassical level, this is accompanied by the formation of a gap in the spectrum of transmission probabilities close to unit transmission, thereby suppressing shot noise and conductance fluctuations. In the case of a QSH system, there is at most one topologically protected edge channel leading to weaker transport effects. In order to describe `topological' suppression of nearly perfect transparencies, we develop an exact mapping of the semiclassical limit of the one-dimensional sigma model onto a zero-dimensional sigma model of a different symmetry class, allowing us to identify the distribution of transmission probabilities with the average spectral density of a certain random-matrix ensemble. We extend our results to other symmetry classes with topologically protected edges in two dimensions.