Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation numérique de la pluviométrie en Afrique: Perspectives continentales et régionales à partir des réanalyses ERA-Interim

francaisL'estimation des precipitations a l'echelle du continent africain est un sujet toujours d'actualite, tant du fait de l'impact de ce parametre sur l'economie agropastorale que du manque d'observations in situ fiables. Les travaux presentes ici se rapportent a l'utilisation des reanalyses ERA-Interim, produites par le Centre europeen pour les previsions meteorologiques a moyen terme (CEPMMT), pour reproduire les caracteristiques moyennes de la pluviometrie en Afrique sur la periode 2001-2010. Une evaluation est menee par comparaison avec les estimations de precipitations RFEv2 de la Noaa. Il en ressort que les reanalyses simulent correctement les cycles saisonniers de precipitations sur differentes zones caracteristiques du continent, malgre la presence de biais sur les cumuls annuels. Il apparait egalement que ces donnees permettent de rendre compte du caractere excedentaire ou deficitaire des principales saisons des pluies de plusieurs regions. EnglishThe estimation of rainfall at continental scale overAfrica is an ongoing issue due to its impact on agro-pastoral activities and also because of the lack of reliable in situ observations. In the present study the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ECMWF/ERAInterim) are used to reproduce the average characteristics of rainfall over the African continent for the period 2001-2010. An assessment is conducted with RFEv2 estimates from NOAA as reference data. The results show that the reanalysis is able to simulate the rainfall seasonal cycle over specific areas of the continent despite some biases regarding annual values. It also appears that this dataset shows some skill in accounting for positive or negative seasonal rainfall anomalies over several regions.
Source-mechanism from spectra of long-period seismic surface waves.3. The Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958

Source-mechanism is derived from amplitude and phase spectra of mantle Love and Rayleigh waves of the Alaska earthquake of July 10, 1958. The signals R_2, R_3, G_2, G_4, G_5 recorded on the Gilman 80–90 and the Press-Ewing 30–90 seismograph systems at Pasadena, California, are separated, digitized, filtered and Fourier-analyzed. An agreement between theory and observations is obtained for a unilateral fault of 300–350 km, which ruptured with a speed of 3-3.5 km/sec in the direction N40°W. Fault length is in good agreement with the extent of aftershock distribution in the month of July, 1958, and the time of rupture checks with the duration of an impressive T-phase recorded at Hawaii. The phases of the signals are corrected for propagation, instrumental shift and the source finiteness. Initial phases thus obtained agree on a mechanism of a right double-couple with a unit step-function in time.
Relationship of ozone and carbon monoxide over North America

Observations at sites in eastern North America show a strong correlation between O3 and CO concentrations in summer, with a consistent slope ΔO3/ΔCO ≈ 0.3. Observations in the aged Denver plume at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, also show a strong correlation but with ΔO3/ΔCO = 0.15. These data offer a sensitive test for evaluating the ability of photochemical models to simulate production of O3 over North America and its export to the global atmosphere. Application to the Harvard/Goddard Institute for Space Studies three-dimensional, continental-scale model shows that the model gives a good simulation of the observed O3-CO correlations and of the associated ΔO3/ΔCO. This successful simulation lends support to model estimates of 6 Gmol d−1 for the net O3 production in the U.S. boundary layer in summer (corresponding to a net O3 production efficiency of 5.5, which is the number of O3 molecules produced per molecule of NOx consumed) and 70% for the fraction of the net production that is exported to the global atmosphere. Export of U.S. pollution appears to make a significant contribution to total tropospheric O3 over the northern hemisphere in summer. Simple interpretation of observed ΔO3/ΔCO as an O3/CO anthropogenic enhancement ratio is shown to underestimate substantially anthropogenic O3 production, because O3 and CO concentrations are negatively correlated in the absence of photochemistry. It is also shown that concurrent observations of ΔO3/ΔCO and ΔO3/Δ(NOy-NOx) ratios can be used to impose lower and upper limits on the net O3 production efficiency.
Hepatitis E Virus Infection Epidemiology in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

Abstract Among 292 recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (2018–2022), 64 (21.9%) tested positive for anti–hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin G. Among 208 recipients tested by plasma/serum HEV polymerase chain reaction (2012–2022), 3 (1.4%) primary HEV infections were diagnosed; in 1 patient, plasma HEV polymerase chain reaction relapsed positive for 100 days. HEV infection remains rare albeit associated with persistent viral replication.
Natural Protein Intake in Children with Phenylketonuria: Prescription vs. Actual Intakes

In phenylketonuria (PKU), an important component of the UK dietary management system is a 50 mg phenylalanine (Phe)/1 g protein exchange system used to allocate the Phe/natural protein intakes according to individual patient tolerance. Any foods containing protein ≤ 0.5 g/100 g or fruits/vegetables containing Phe ≤ 75 mg/100 g are allowed without measurement or limit. In children with PKU, we aimed to assess the difference between the prescribed natural protein intake and their actual consumed intake, and to calculate the natural protein/Phe intake from foods given without measurement or restriction. Over a 6-month duration, three one-day diet diaries were collected every month by caregivers of children with PKU at the beginning of a follow-up study. Dietary intakes of Phe, as well as natural and total protein intakes, were calculated using Nutritics® (v5.09). Weekly blood Phe spots were collected by caregivers. The target blood Phe level was ≤360 μmol/L for ages up to 12 years and ≤600 μmol/L for ages ≥12 years. Sixteen early treated children (69% females) with PKU were recruited. The median age was 11 years (range: 9–13), and most had classical PKU (n = 14/16). A median of 18 (range 12–18) one-day diaries and 22 blood spots were analysed for each subject over 6 months. The median prescribed natural protein was 6 g/day (range: 3–27), but when calculated, the actual median intake from all foods consumed was 10 g/day (range: 4–37). The median prescribed Phe was 300 mg/day (range: 150–1350), but the actual median intake was 500 mg/day (range: 200–1850). The median difference between the prescribed and actual natural protein daily intakes was +4 g/day (range: −2.5 to +11.5), with a median percentage increase of 40% for natural protein/Phe intake (p < 0.001). The median blood Phe level was 250 μmol/L (range 20–750), with 91% of blood Phe levels within the target range. Only one patient (11 years) had less than 75% of their blood Phe levels within the target range. The UK Phe exchange system provides flexibility in the dietary management of PKU. With this method, the actual natural protein intake was 167% higher than the prescribed amount. Although this led to a variable daily protein intake, the majority of children (n = 15/16) experienced no deterioration in their metabolic control.
Multi-Scale Attention Learning Network for Facial Expression Recognition

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) aims to identify emotional expressions in human faces, and it is a fundamental task in computer vision. Recently, some methods apply Vision Transformer (ViT) to FER and have achieved promising results. However, FER still suffers from two key issues: inter-class similarity and intra-class discrepancy. To address the issues, in this letter, we propose a Multi-Scale Attention Learning Network (MALN) based on ViT, which can learn facial expression embeddings in a multi-scale manner. Specifically, we adopt a multi-branch ViT architecture to adaptively explore multi-scale correlations without self-attention. Furthermore, we also design a Scale Distinction Loss (SDL) to dynamically regulate facial embeddings from multiple branches, which can guide ViT to capture discriminative facial regions. Experimental results on three public datasets (inluding RAF-DB, AffectNet and FERPlus) demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed MALN for FER.
Calidad del agua residual no entubada vertida por dos parques industriales en la ciudad de Puebla, México / Quality of not piped wastewater discharged by two industrial parks in the city of Puebla, Mexico

En el estado de Puebla, Mexico se tienen registradas 215140 unidades economicas segun el Censo Economico 2009 realizado por el Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia (INEGI), de estas 174 son grandes empresas, 1196 medianas, 5652 pequenas y 208118 micro empresas, en su mayoria se encuentran ubicadas en los trece parques industriales (PI) de la ciudad, con diversos giros como: textil, metal mecanica, quimica, embotelladoras, alimentarias, farmaceuticas, etc. Algunas industrias y comunidades descargan sus aguas residuales en forma directa con escaso o nulo tratamiento hacia los cuerpos receptores entre ellos los rios Atoyac, Alseseca y algunas barrancas. Los avances tecnologicos e industriales generados a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX han redundado en multiples beneficios para los seres humanos, convenientes a las necesidades personales. Sin embargo, estos hechos han crecido junto con un fenomeno cuyo impacto es evidentemente negativo para la subsistencia de la vida en todo el planeta: la contaminacion o deterioro del aire, agua, suelo y planta del ambiente debido a la presencia o aumento exagerado de sustancias que perjudican la salud. La evidente contaminacion que presentan las aguas residuales no entubadas, generan un importante riesgo para la salud de los habitantes de zonas residenciales cercanas, debido a esta problematica el objetivo de este trabajo de investigacion consistio en determinar la calidad del agua de diez efluentes industriales aledanos a los PI 5 de mayo y Puebla 2000, que desembocan a los rios Atoyac y Alseseca y que posteriormente se almacenan en la presa Manuel Avila Camacho para que finalmente el agua sea distribuida mediante el canal principal de riego y canales secundarios hacia el Distrito de Riego 030 “Valsequillo” para la irrigacion de cultivos agricolas. La importancia del estudio de la calidad fisicoquimica y microbiologica del agua se debe a su influencia en el suelo y en los productos cosechados, ademas de los impactos negativos en la salud humana que trae consigo emplear agua contaminada para riego. Se realizaron los analisis mediante la implementacion de las metodologias descritas en las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas NMX-Materia de agua. Se determinaron in situ los parametros: T°C, conductividad electrica, materia flotante, pH y oxigeno disuelto; en el laboratorio: dureza total, cloruros, grasas y aceites, sodio, sulfatos y demanda bioquimica de oxigeno, coliformes fecales, etc. Las concentraciones obtenidas se compararon con los limites maximos permisibles que establecen las Normas Oficiales Mexicanas NOM-001-SEMARNAT-1996 y la NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997.
Frequency-Scanning Array Based on Dual-Band Filters With Wide Scanning Range and Flat Gain

A novel frequency-scanning antenna array using dual-band bandpass filters (BPFs) as phase-modulation components is proposed. First, the phase performances of BPFs with different orders are found to be proper to construct the feed network of frequency-scanning array with positive scanning angles. Second, the phase performance of the second passband is utilized and skillfully designed with 180° phase jump, targeting at the negative scanning angles. Third, the qualitative design of a set of dual-band BPFs which is exactly matched with required phase performance is put forward. Moreover, the dual-band antenna element with stable beamwidth and gain in two bands is designed. Consequently, a frequency-scanning array with wide scanning range and flat gain is obtained. For validation, a four-element frequency-scanning array is designed and measured with scanning range of ±60° and gain fluctuation of only 0.95 dB.
Harnessing the Power of Stacked GRU for Accurate Weather Predictions

This research proposed a novel approach using Stacked GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) models to address the problem of weather prediction and aimed to improve forecasting accuracy in sectors like agriculture, transportation, and disaster management. The key idea involved leveraging the temporal dependencies and memory management capabilities of Stacked GRU to model complex weather patterns effectively. Comprehensive data preprocessing ensured data quality and fine-tuning of the model architecture and hyperparameters optimized performance. The research demonstrated the Stacked GRU model's effectiveness in accurately forecasting temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed, validated by low RMSE and MAE scores and high R2 coefficients. However, challenges in forecasting humidity and a percentage discrepancy in wind speed predictions were observed. Overfitting and computational complexity were identified as potential limitations. Despite these constraints, the study concluded that the Stacked GRU model showed promise in weather forecasting and warranted further refinement for broader applications in time-series prediction tasks.
Is the Gender Wage Gap Really a Family Wage Gap in Disguise?

Despite large literatures on gender and family wage gaps (e.g., the motherhood wage penalty, fatherhood wage premium, and the marriage premium) and widespread recognition that the two gaps are intertwined, the extent and pattern of their relationships are underexplored. Using data from the 2018 Survey of Income and Program Participation, we show that family wage gaps are strongly associated with the gender wage gap, as long assumed in the literature, but with important caveats. The gender-differentiated wage returns to parenthood contribute 29 percent of the gender wage gap. One third of this is associated with occupation, but very little with other worker and job attributes. The gender-differentiated returns to marriage contribute another 33 percent, two thirds of which is associated with worker and job attributes but very little with occupation. However, 36 percent of the gender wage gap is unrelated to these family wage gaps, and the gender wage gap among childless workers remains substantial. Moreover, for Black and Hispanic workers, the pattern of association is more complex and generally weaker than for White workers. These results caution against focusing solely on the wage gap between “mothers and others” and suggest new directions for research.
The Contribution of Women in Rural Development in Iran

This paper highlights the concerns of women and the challenges they face in rural development process. Agriculture is certainly a major contributor to rural development in many countries. It is one of the most important economic sectors in Iran. In this way rural women play a special role in rural development. When women are economically and socially empowered, they can become a potent force for change. Findings through secondary data showed that although women have an important role in rural development in Iran, but there are some problem faced by women farmers. The finding can assist the local organizations and community developers for remove this problem. (Fatemeh Allahdadi. Enhancing the Role of Women Farmers in Rural Development. Journal of American
Carga aérea e competitividade da indústria brasileira

O texto para discussao discute o papel da carga aerea como instrumento de competicao na industria brasileira, a partir de um levantamento da pauta de comercio exterior do pais, desagregada por capitulos do Sistema Harmonizado (SH), comparando as parcelas de carga aerea com as de outras economias. A analise foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira identificou as semelhancas e diferencas entre o perfil de carga aerea do comercio exterior brasileiro e o de economias selecionadas. A segunda examinou a evolucao das exportacoes e importacoes brasileiras nos capitulos que acompanharam os padroes contemporâneos quanto ao uso de carga aerea, e nos que revelaram um comportamento divergente. A comparacao com os indicadores de outras economias demonstrou que inumeras firmas brasileiras se comportam de acordo com as previsoes da teoria economica, embora existam importantes disparidades de desempenho entre diferentes segmentos da industria. Entrevistas realizadas com alguns dos principais usuarios de carga aerea revelaram que as perspectivas deste modal de transporte no Brasil nao so dependem de investimentos continuos na manutencao e ampliacao dos terminais aeroportuarios, mas tambem de uma revisao do desenho da malha aerea nacional, com foco nos vinculos com os demais paises da America do Sul. The paper discusses the role of air cargo as a competitive instrument for Brazilian manufacture, examining foreign trade data broken down by chapters of the Harmonized System (HS), and comparing the share of air cargo with other economies. The analysis was performed in two steps. The first identified the similarities and differences between the air cargo profile of Brazilian foreign trade and the selected economies. The second examined the evolution of Brazilian exports and imports in the chapters that followed the contemporary standards regarding air cargo use, and those which revealed a divergent behavior. The comparison with other economies has shown that many Brazilian firms behave according to the predictions of economic theory, although there are important performance disparities between different industries. Interviews with some of the major air cargo users revealed that the prospects of this mode of transportation in Brazil not only depend on continued investment in maintenance and expansion of terminals, but also on reshaping the national air network, focusing on ties with other South American countries.
Detection of the global movement direction in students with orthographic disorders

A descriptive and prospective study was carried out from January to May, 2014, in order to characterize the detection of the global movement direction in students with orthographic disorders, for which the Gabor patch was used. Two groups of 911 years students were selected; one with orthographic disorders and the other one with good academic results, belonging to "Nguyen Van Troi" Primary School in Santiago de Cuba. The results indicated that children of the first group didn't carry out appropriate perceptive inferences of the global movement direction. There were no evidences that the global advantage facilitated the detection of the movement direction; therefore, they made more mistakes when determining the trajectory of the movement for vertical orientations of the grating, it the contrary for the horizontal location where they showed their best performance.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing loaded with green chemistry cerium oxide nanoparticles

Interactive wound dressings have displayed promising outcomes in enhancing the wound healing process. This study focuses on creating a nanocomposite wound dressing with interactive and bioactive properties, showcasing potent antioxidant effects. To achieve this, we developed cerium oxide nanoparticles utilizing curcumin as both the reducing and capping agent. Characterization techniques such as SEM, EDX, DLS, Zetasizer, FTIR, and XRD were utilized to analyze the cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized through a green approach. The image analysis on the obtained TEM images showed that the curcumin-assisted biosynthesized CeO2NPs have a size of 18.8 ± 4.1 nm. The peaks located at 28.1, 32.7, 47.1, 56.0, 58.7, 69.0, and 76.4 correspond to (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), and (331) crystallographic planes. We applied the Debye–Scherrer equation and observed that the approximate crystallite size of the biosynthesized NPs is around 8.2 nm based on the most intensive broad Bragg peak at 28.1°. The cerium oxide nanoparticles synthesized were integrated into an alginate hydrogel matrix, and the microstructure, porosity, and swelling behavior of the resulting wound dressing were assessed. The characterization analyses provided insights into the physical and chemical properties of the green-synthesized cerium oxide nanoparticles and the alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing. In vitro studies demonstrated that the wound dressing based on alginate hydrogel exhibited favorable antioxidant properties and displayed hemocompatibility and biocompatibility. Animal studies conducted on a rat full-thickness skin wound model showed that the alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing effectively accelerated the wound healing process. Overall, these findings suggest that the alginate hydrogel-based wound dressing holds promise as a highly effective material for wound healing applications.
Geologic implications of great interplate earthquakes along the Aleutian Arc

The Aleutian arc is one of the most seismically active regions of the world. It consists of a number of segments or blocks that are rotating clockwise and translating westward along the North American-Pacific plate boundary. Two of the largest recorded earthquakes have occurred along the interplate boundary south of the Andreanof Islands in 1957 and the Rat Islands in 1965. The large magnitudes of these earthquakes implied that the probability of the recurrence of a large-magnitude event at these same locations was low. However, the occurrence of a great earthquake south of the Andreanof Islands in 1986 less than 30 years after the 1957 event has prompted a reevaluation of the seismic potential of the arc. We present new marine geophysical observations and synthesize previous geologic interpretations of the Aleutian arc to show that the epicenters of these great thrust-type earthquakes coincide with upper plate segments of the arc characterized by a coherent forearc structural fabric. These segments, which are associated with large plutonic masses, are mechanically stronger and are related to the location of asperities positioned at depth along the main thrust zone; they appear to be more strongly attached to the North American plate than adjacent blocks. The tectonically controlled locations of these asperities thus appear to influence the seismicity along the arc. The Andreanof and Rat segments of the arc are separated by the Delarof segment, which is considered to have a high probability of a large-magnitude earthquake in the near future based on probabilistic estimates of seismic potential (Nishenko, 1991). The Delarof segment of the arc, however, is highly disrupted by arc-transverse faults. This segment is structurally weak and does not appear to be capable of accumulating the interplate strain necessary to generate a great, subduction zone earthquake. We propose that variations in upper plate structural strength and mobility affect the mechanical properties of the interplate thrust zone and need to be considered in localizing interplate asperities. Forearc tectonic segmentation associated with the partitioning of strike-slip and thrust motions may exert long-term controls on the rates of seismic moment release.