Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Absorption spectra of nanocrystalline silicon embedded in SiO2 matrix

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) embedded SiO2 matrix has been formed by annealing the SiOx films fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. Absorption coefficient and photoluminescence of the films have been measured at room temperature. The experimental results show that there is an "aUrbach-like" b exponential absorption in the spectral range of 2.0-3.0 eV. The relationship of (alpha hv)(1/2) proportional to(hv - E-g) demonstrates that the luminescent nc-Si have an indirect band structure. The existence of Stokes shift between photoluminescence and absorption edge indicates that radiative combination can take place not only between electron states and hole states but also between shallow trap states of electrons and holes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
THE INFLUENCE OF MEMORABLE FESTIVAL EXPERIENCES ON ARAB VISITORS’ REVISIT INTENTION TO THE JERASH FESTIVAL OF CULTURE AND ARTS (JFCA) IN JORDAN

The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of memorable festival experiences (MFEs) on revisit intention from the perspective of Arab visitors in the context of the Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts (JFCA) in Jordan. The quantitative research method was used in the research. Questionnaires were used to collect the data. Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used in the data analysis to test the research hypothesis. The study found that MFEs influence Arab visitors’ revisit intention. It also confirmed the validity of Event Experience Scale (EES) that constitutes four dimensions: affective engagement, cognitive engagement, physical engagement, and experiencing novelty, in the context of Arab visitors. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. Theoretically, the study provides insight into the influence of MFEs on Arab visitors’ revisit intentions. It also evaluates the reliability and validity of EES for the first time in the context of Arab cultural festivals. Practically, the study paved the way for JFCA organisers, planners, managers, and marketers to plan, develop, and market useful festival tourism strategies. It is also envisaged that the information obtained in this study will help promote the enhancement of visitors’ experiences at JFCA to attract and retain more visitors in the globally competitive event industry.
Comprehending Isospin breaking effects of $X(3872)$ in a Friedrichs-model-like scheme

Recently, we have shown that the X(3872) state can be naturally generated as a bound state by incorporating the hadron interactions into the Godfrey-Isgur quark model using a Friedrichs-like model combined with the quark pair creation model, in which the wave function for the X(3872) as a combination of the bare cc¯ state and the continuum states can also be obtained. Under this scheme, we now investigate the isospin-breaking effect of X(3872) in its decays to J/ψπ+π- and J/ψπ+π-π0. By coupling its dominant continuum parts to J/ψρ and J/ψω through the quark rearrangement process, one could obtain the reasonable ratio of B(X(3872)→J/ψπ+π-π0)/B(X(3872)→J/ψπ+π-)≃(0.58–0.92). It is also shown that the D¯D* invariant mass distributions in the B→D¯D*K decays could be understood qualitatively at the same time. This scheme may provide more insight into the enigmatic nature of the X(3872) state.
External forcing of the early 20th century Arctic warming

The observed Arctic warming during the early 20th century was comparable to present-day warming in terms of magnitude. The causes and mechanisms for the early 20th century Arctic warming are less clear and need to be better understood when considering projections of future climate change in the Arctic. The simulations using the Bergen Climate Model (BCM) can reproduce the surface air temperature (SAT) fluctuations in the Arctic during the 20th century reasonably well. The results presented here, based on the model simulations and observations, indicate that intensified solar radiation and a lull in volcanic activity during the 1920s–1950s can explain much of the early 20th century Arctic warming. The anthropogenic forcing could play a role in getting the timing of the peak warming correct. According to the model the local solar irradiation changes play a crucial role in driving the Arctic early 20th century warming. The SAT co-varied closely with local solar irradiation changes when natural external forcings are included in the model either alone or in combination with anthropogenic external forcings. The increased Barents Sea warm inflow and the anomalous atmosphere circulation patterns in the northern Europe and north Atlantic can also contribute to the warming. In summary, the early 20th century warming was largely externally forced.
Thermodynamic properties of confined interacting Bose gases: A renormalization-group approach

A renormalization group method is developed with which thermodynamic properties of a weakly interacting, confined Bose gas can be investigated. Thereby effects originating from a confining potential are taken into account by periodic boundary conditions and by treating the resulting discrete energy levels of the confined degrees of freedom properly. The resulting density of states modifies the flow equations of the renormalization group in momentum space. It is shown that as soon as the characteristic length of confinement becomes comparable to the thermal wave length of a weakly interacting and trapped Bose gas its thermodynamic properties are changed significantly. This is exemplified by investigating characteristic bunching properties of the interacting Bose gas which manifest themselves in the second order coherence factor.
Quantum random walks do not need a coin toss

Classical randomized algorithms use a coin toss instruction to explore different evolutionary branches of a problem. Quantum algorithms, on the other hand, can explore multiple evolutionary branches by mere superposition of states. Discrete quantum random walks, studied in the literature, have nonetheless used both superposition and a quantum coin toss instruction. This is not necessary, and a discrete quantum random walk without a quantum coin toss instruction is defined and analyzed here. Our construction eliminates quantum entanglement between the coin and the position degrees of freedom from the algorithm, and the results match those obtained with a quantum coin toss instruction.
A Deep Learning Network Planner: Propagation Modeling Using Real-World Measurements and a 3D City Model

In urban scenarios, network planning requires awareness of the notoriously complex propagation environment by accounting for blocking, diffraction, and reflection on buildings. To this end, deep learning-based signal-strength prediction directly operating on environmental data has recently gained attention, mainly as a computationally efficient alternative to ray-tracing. Our work combines RSRP measurements from an extensive drive-test campaign in a live 4G network with a 3D city model for the largest real-world assessment of such data-driven schemes to date. We compare three different encodings of the propagation environment and find that a neural network operating on a full 3D representation of the surroundings performs best with an RMSE of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.06~dB$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It is followed by a model using only the direct path profile with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.78~dB$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and a reference neural network utilizing a binary line of sight indicator achieving <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.76~dB$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The large size of our data set allows us to address several open questions regarding the inner workings of these black box approaches. In particular, we elaborate on different evaluation strategies, highlighting the importance of spatial separation of train and test areas, as the rich environmental data implicitly provides a spatial reference. Through model explainability, we further identify the area along the direct path between the user equipment and the transmitter as the input region with the highest feature importance — questioning the common practice of including large buffer areas. Evaluating the models in scenarios with artificially placed base stations reveals that the measurement campaign offers a sufficient basis for a prototypical network planner. The trained models, which we make publicly available, exhibit the dominant propagation mechanisms in urban areas and generate spatially consistent and physically sound signal-strength maps.
Protecting Intellectual Property With Reliable Availability of Learning Models in AI-Based Cybersecurity Services

Artificial intelligence (AI)-based cybersecurity services offer significant promise in many scenarios, including malware detection, content supervision, and so on. Meanwhile, many commercial and government applications have raised the need for intellectual property protection of using deep neural network (DNN). Existing studies (e.g., watermarking techniques) on intellectual property protection only aim at inserting secret information into DNNs, allowing producers to detect whether the given DNN infringes on their own copyrights. However, since the availability protection of learning models is rarely considered, the piracy model can still work with high accuracy. In this paper, a novel model locking (M-LOCK) scheme for the DNN is proposed to enhance its availability protection, where the DNN produces poor accuracy if a specific token is absent, while it maps only the tokenized inputs into correct predictions. The proposed scheme performs the verification process during the DNN inference operation, actively protecting models’ intellectual property copyright at each query. Specifically, to train the token-sensitive decision-making boundaries of DNNs, a data poisoning-based model manipulation (DPMM) method is also proposed, which minimizes the correlation between the dummy outputs and correct predictions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the proposed scheme could achieve high reliability and effectiveness across various benchmark datasets as well as typical model protection methods.
The long road from Regge poles to the LHC

The Regge limit of gauge-theory amplitudes and cross sections is a powerful theory tool for the study of fundamental interactions. It is a vast field of research, encompassing perturbative and non-perturbative dynamics, and ranging from purely theoretical developments to detailed phenomenological applications. It traces its origins to the proposal of Tullio Regge, almost sixty years ago, to study scattering phenomena in the complex angular momentum plane. In this very brief contribution, we look back to the early days of Regge theory, and follow a few of the many strands of its development, reaching to present day applications to scattering amplitudes in non-abelian gauge theories.
Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Impatiens balsamina

Impatiens balsamina is an annual herb, belongs to the family Balsaminaceae, commonly seen in India, China, and Korea. It is an erect plant commonly known as rose balsam and garden balsam. Studies shows that the plant contain many valuable phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, naphthoquinones, and glycosides. The plant is used in traditional medicine for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antidermatitic properties. The plant can also be used to treat burns, scalds, and lumbago. Flowers of the plant is used as dye in pastry. Seeds of this plant is edible. Leaves and stem are also edible when boiled. Leaves, stem, flowers are also having medicinal properties. Microscopical features of pollen grains shows that the pollen grains contain a vegetative and generative cell. Many studies have been done to identify the pharmacological properties of this plant. Some of the pharmacological actions of the plant include antipruritic, antidermatitic, antimicrobial, antitumor, wound healing, antidiabetic and antinociceptive. The present review summarizes information about the morphology, chemical constituents, and pharmacological actions of Impatiens balsamina for future works.
Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

Objective: To determine the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Material and Methods: This descriptive case series study was done at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Karachi. All patients of either gender having an age between 18 and 70 years of diagnosis with STEMI undergoing primary PCI were included. All the patients were kept under observation for 72 hours in the hospital, and ventricular arrhythmias such as Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR), Frequent PVCs (premature ventricular contractions), Non-Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia, and Ventricular Fibrillation were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 54.72 ±10.75 years. The majority of the patients, 75.2%, were males and 24.8% were females. The frequency of ventricular arrhythmia was found in 89 (25.9%) of the patients. Among 89 patients with ventricular arrythmia, AIVR was found in 30 (33.71%), frequent PVCs in 18 (20.22%), non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in 23 (25.84%), sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in 9 (10.11%) each. Conclusion: As per the study conclusion, the ventricular arrhythmias was observed to be considerably higher among patients undergoing primary PCI for ST-STEMI. Keywords: Ventricular arrhythmias, PCI, ST-segment elevation MI
An edge detection algorithm based on rectangular Gaussian kernels for machine vision applications

In this paper, we develop rectangular Gaussian kernels, i.e. all the rotated versions of the first order partial derivatives of the 2D nonsymmetrical Gaussian functions, which are used to convolve with the test images for edge extraction. By using rectangular kernels, one can have greater flexibility to smooth high frequency noise while keeping the high frequency edge details. When using larger kernels for edge detection, one can smooth more high frequency noise at the expense of edge details. Rectangular kernels allow us to smooth more noise along one direction and detect better edge details along the other direction, which improve the overall edge detection results especially when detecting line pattern edges. Here we propose two new approaches in using rectangular Gaussian kernels, namely the pattern-matching method and the quadratic method. The magnitude and directional edge from these two methods are computed based on the convolution results of the small neighborhood of the edge point with the rectangular Gaussian kernels along different directions.
A Dynamical Constraint on Interstellar Dust Models from Radiative Torque Disruption

Interstellar dust is an essential component of the interstellar medium (ISM) and plays critical roles in astrophysics. Achieving an accurate model of interstellar dust is therefore of great importance. Interstellar dust models are usually built based on observational constraints such as starlight extinction and polarization, but dynamical constraints such as grain rotation are not considered. In this paper, we show that a newly discovered effect by Hoang et al., so-called RAdiative Torque Disruption (RATD), can act as an important dynamical constraint for dust models. Using this dynamical constraint, we derive the maximum size of grains that survive in the ISM for different dust models, including contact binary, composite, silicate core and amorphous carbon mantle, and compact grain model for the different radiation fields. We find that the different dust models have different maximum sizes due to their different tensile strengths, and the largest maximum size corresponds to the compact grains with the highest tensile strength. We show that the composite grain model cannot be ruled out if constituent particles are very small with radius ap ≤ 25 nm, but large composite grains would be destroyed if the particles are large with ap ≥ 50 nm. We suggest that grain internal structures can be constrained with observations using the dynamical RATD constraint for strong radiation fields such as supernova, nova, or star-forming regions. Finally, our obtained results suggest that micron-sized grains perhaps have compact/core–mantle structures or have composite structures but are located in regions with slightly higher gas density and weaker radiation intensity than the average ISM.
Physicochemical, functional, and digestibility properties of rice starches esterified with gulupa seed oil (Passiflora edulis Sims. f. edulis)

ABSTRACT The structural modification of starch improves its physicochemical and functional properties and develops new material. Our study aimed to modify rice starch obtained from three varieties using a solvent-free system involving gulupa seed oil and lipase B from Candida antarctica. We characterized six starches (native and modified), performed a digestibility test, and determined the particle sizes, zeta potentials, and calorimetric differences between the materials. All the starches presented a charged surface between −41.6 and −58.9 mV. The modified starches’ fatty acid profiles changed according to the rice variety used, namely, the proportions of C14, C16, and C18 acids. The modified Clearfield, F60, and Oryzica 1 starches showed fatty acid content increased 85%, 23%, and 73%, respectively. The features presented by the three varieties of starch open up the possibility of their industrial application; furthermore, the starch modification process presents economic and environmental advantages.
The Chandra Iron-L X-Ray Line Spectrum of Capella

An analysis of the iron L-shell emission in the publicly available spectrum of the Capella binary system, as obtained by the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, is presented. The atomic-state model, based on the HULLAC code, is shown to be especially adequate for analyzing high-resolution X-ray spectra of this sort. Almost all of the spectral lines in the 10-18 Å wavelength range are identified. It is shown that, for the most part, these lines can be attributed to emission from L-shell iron ions in the Capella coronae. Possibilities for electron temperature diagnostics using line ratios of Fe16+ are demonstrated. It is shown that the observed iron-L spectrum can be reproduced almost entirely by assuming a single electron temperature of kTe = 600 eV. This temperature is consistent both with the measured fractional ion abundances of iron and with the temperature derived from ratios of Fe16+ lines. A volume emission measure of 1053 cm-3 is calculated for the iron L-shell emitting regions of the Capella coronae, indicating a rather small volume of 1029 cm3 for the emitting plasma if an electron density of 1012 cm-3 is assumed.
Cyclic Period Oscillation of the Eclipsing Dwarf Nova DV UMa

DV UMa is an eclipsing dwarf nova with an orbital period of ∼2.06 hr, which lies just at the bottom edge of the period gap. To detect its orbital period changes, we present 12 new mid-eclipse times by using our CCD photometric data and archival data. The latest version of the O–C diagram, combined with the published mid-eclipse times in quiescence, and spanning ∼30 years, was obtained and analyzed. The best fit to those available eclipse timings shows that the orbital period of DV UMa is undergoing a cyclic oscillation with a period of years and an amplitude of s. The periodic variation most likely arises from the light-travel-time effect via the presence of a circumbinary object, because the required energy to drive the Applegate mechanism is too high in this system. The mass of the unseen companion was derived as . If the third body is in the orbital plane (i.e., ) of the eclipsing pair, this would indicate it is a brown dwarf. This hypothetical brown dwarf is orbiting its host star at a separation of ∼8.6 au in an eccentric orbit (e = 0.44).
The spatial clustering of faint galaxies

We estimate the spatial clustering of faint galaxies in an extensive new redshift survey performed using the automatic fibre positioner (Autofib) on the Anglo-Australian Telescope. The survey comprises 1100 galaxies within a magnitude range of 17<B<22 selected from 33 deep pencil beams. The redshift distribution extends to z≃0.5 and has a median redshift of z=0.16, making the survey the most extensive and deepest of its kind for which the spatial clustering has been estimated. Over the apparent magnitude range of the survey, the galaxy number counts exceed the noevolution prediction by a factor similar to the proportion of galaxies observed with strong [O II] emission
Learning Efficient Policies for Picking Entangled Wire Harnesses: An Approach to Industrial Bin Picking

Wire harnesses are essential connecting components in manufacturing industry but are challenging to be automated in industrial tasks such as bin picking. They are long, flexible and tend to get entangled when randomly placed in a bin. This makes it difficult for the robot to grasp a single one in dense clutter. Besides, training or collecting data in simulation is challenging due to the difficulties in modeling the combination of deformable and rigid components for wire harnesses. In this work, instead of directly lifting wire harnesses, we propose to grasp and extract the target following a circle-like trajectory until it is untangled. We learn a policy from real-world data that can infer grasps and separation actions from visual observation. Our policy enables the robot to efficiently pick and separate entangled wire harnesses by maximizing success rates and reducing execution time. To evaluate our policy, we present a set of real-world experiments on picking wire harnesses. Our policy achieves an overall 84.6% success rate compared with 49.2% in baseline. We also evaluate the effectiveness of our policy under different clutter scenarios using unseen types of wire harnesses. Results suggest that our approach is feasible for handling wire harnesses in industrial bin picking.
The X-Ray Properties of M101 ULX-1 = CXOKM101 J140332.74+542102

We report our analysis of X-ray data on M101 ULX-1, concentrating on high-state Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. We find that the high state of M101 ULX-1 may have a preferred recurrence timescale. If so, the underlying clock may have periods around 160 or 190 days, or possibly around 45 days. Its short-term variations resemble those of X-ray binaries at high accretion rates. If this analogy is correct, we infer that the accretor is a 20-40 M☉ object. This is consistent with our spectral analysis of the high-state spectra of M101 ULX-1, from which we find no evidence for an extreme (>1040 ergs s-1) luminosity. We present our interpretation in the framework of a high-mass X-ray binary system consisting of a B supergiant mass donor and a large stellar-mass black hole.