Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exchange anisotropy in Cu‐Mn‐Al alloy

The 44.7Cu‐20.6Mn‐34.7Al(at. %) alloy in the composition range between the Heusler phase and the κ phase exhibits remarkably constricted hysteresis loops and high coercive force after annealing at about 300 °C. It has been found that this alloy shows displaced hysteresis loops at room temperature when cooled down from 350 °C in a magnetic field and that the hysteresis loops shift along the magnetization axis, not along the field axis, when the alloy is cooled to 77 K in a magnetic field. Broad rounded maxima of magnetization are observed at about 250 °C for the sample quenched from 380 °C in thermomagnetic measurements. The characteristics of the magnetic behavior are similar to those reported for mictomagnetic alloys, e.g., Cu‐Mn alloys. The high coercive forces and the displaced and constricted hysteresis loops observed in the 44.7Cu‐20.6Mn‐34.7Al alloy are supposed to be attributed to the exchange anisotropy interactions between the ferromagnetic domains of the Heusler phase and the antiferromagnetic M.
The Influence of College Studentsr Autonomous Learning on English Scores

The purpose of this study is to help college students develop their independent learning ability and improve their English performance. In this study, we issued questionnaires, used SPSS software to conduct statistical analysis of the survey data and proposed some suggestions about college students’ autonomous learning. The results show that college students’ independent learning ability and English learning score are closely related. Our results also report that self-efficacy, goal setting, meta-cognition and the willpower control level have a higher correlation with English scores. It is surprising that autonomous learning English about 1-2 hours has the most impact on English final grade, while self-learning English about more than 2 hours has the greatest impact on CET-4 scores. The innovation of the article is that we use quantitative methods to explore the relationship between internal influence factors of college students’ autonomous learning ability and English performance. Keywords—college students; autonomous learning ability; English score; influence
A multiwavelength optical sender/receiver for an internet access system configured on passive optical network

The authors have developed a multi-wavelength IP packet sender/receiver to be inserted into a PCI-bus slot of a PC or a workstation. When the workstations or PCs with the sender/receivers are connected to an internet access network configured on the PON as client terminals, a pee-to-peer connection-oriented communication path can be set up between them. The PCs can afford a real-time interactive communication with QoS fully guaranteed.
Risk Analysis Between Possible And Probable

Risk analysis is essential to successful risk management plans and to the best accomplishment of mega construction projects. Probability and possibility theories are the main approaches in analysing risks. However, each theory has its own assumptions, inputs and outputs. This study looks in detail at these two theories and presents an analytical argument to explain the probable concept as a special case of the possible context by considering that a probability percentage is the chance of one possible outcome to occur among several limited possible outputs. Simultaneously, it presents a simple evaluation of Monte Carlo simulation as the main application of the probability theory, and fuzzy sets applications as one of the main applications of possibility theory. In addition, this study also considers whether the risk is probable or possible. Determining the reason behind this uncertainty will definitely help in assigning the proper theory, whether it is probability or possibility, in the decision making stage. Furthermore, and even when a decision is built on the probability theory, the existence of other outcomes should always be considered. This research aims to fill in a few missing gaps in the risk analysis system in order to deliver an improved analysis. The authors argue the high importance of characterizing risks according to their sources so that the expert will be able to classify the risk as either a probable or possible risk in order to be able to choose the theory on which the decision should be based.
A Self-Calibration Algorithm for Concentric-UCA in the Presence of Mutual Coupling

A self-calibration algorithm for concentric uniform circular arrays (C-UCA) in the presence of mutual coupling is presented. The proposed algorithm can simultaneously estimate the directions of arrival (DOA) of signal sources and coupling coefficients of antenna array with a calibration source. It not only can calibrate the mutual coupling of the inner sub-arrays, but also can compensate for the mutual coupling between sub-arrays. Compared with conventional self-calibration algorithm based on iterative alternating minimization technique, the proposed algorithm transforms joint estimation about DOA and mutual coupling coefficients into cascaded estimation, which means that the parameters can be obtained by one dimensional spectrum peak search. The proposed self-calibration algorithm has high estimation precision and low computational burden. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the presented method.
Micro Kelvin probe for local work‐function measurements

This article describes a miniaturized Kelvin probe with a lateral resolution of 40 μm. Applied to a conducting or semiconducting surface, it allows a microscopic imaging of the difference of the work functions between the Kelvin probe and a sample. The signal resolution is better than 6 mV with an integration time of 300 to 400 ms, which is sufficient for most of the applications. The necessary steps to optimize the signal processing are described in detail.
Measuring Omega and the real correlation function from the redshift correlation function

Peculiar velocities distort the correlation function of galaxies in redshift space. In the linear regime, the distortion has a characteristic quadrupole plus hexadecapole form. The amplitude of the distortion depends on the cosmological density parameter Omega. Practical formulas are derived here which can be applied to redshift galaxy catalogs to measure Omega in the linear regime. The formulas also yield the real underlying correlation function in the linear regime, corrected for peculiar velocities.
Use of the R matrix method for bound-state calculations. I. General theory

In the close-coupling (CC) method of electron-atom collision theory, wavefunctions Psi E for a system containing (N+1) electrons are expanded in terms of products of N-electron 'target' functions multiplied by fully optimised orbital functions for a 'colliding' electron. The method can also be used to calculate energies En and functions Psi n for bound states of the (N+1)-electron system: this is often referred to as the 'frozen cores' (FCS) approximation. In the R-matrix method the CC problem is solved for an inner region, r or=a. The paper includes a discussion of the FCS approximation and a summary of R-matrix theory. Techniques are described for calculating orthonormal sets of outer-region solutions correct to first order in the long-range multipole potentials. Matching of inner-region to outer-region solutions gives an eigenvalue problem for the determination of the energies En which is solved using scanning techniques which do not require estimates of the En to be provided.
The instability of the separated shear layer from a bluff body

It has generally been assumed in previous studies that the normalized shear‐layer frequency (fSL/fK) versus Reynolds number (Re) varies as Re0.5. There has also been a great deal of scatter in quoted values of the critical Reynolds number (Recrit) for the onset of the shear‐layer instability, with values ranging from 350 to 3000. In the present work, we find that Recrit is strongly sensitive to the mode of primary vortex shedding and may vary between 1200–2600 depending on the angle of oblique shedding. In the case of the shear‐layer frequency, we have conducted a careful reevaluation of all previous data in the literature, and find the relationship fSL/fK=0.0235×Re0.67. Surprisingly, not one of the previous studies yields a relationship that is close to Re0.5. We suggest an explanation for the variation Re0.67 based on simple physical grounds.
Conduction in nonstoichiometric molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs grown above the critical thickness

Different conduction behavior is observed in nonstoichiometric (NS) molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs grown at 200 °C below and above the critical thickness. In the low-field Ohmic region only the monocrystalline part of the layer contributes to the room-temperature resistivity, but at higher temperatures the resistivity scales with the total layer thickness. In NS GaAs grown above the critical thickness, a superlinear J–Vn (n=2–3) dependence is found at intermediate fields. The prebreakdown voltage is proportional to the total thickness. This indicates that different defects control the electrical properties of the polycrystalline and monocrystalline parts of the NS GaAs. These results can be useful in the design of NS GaAs based devices, which operate at higher temperature and/or higher electric fields.
Unified approach to adaptive filters and their performance

A streamlined theory is presented for adaptive filters within which the major adaptive filter algorithms can be seen as special cases. The algorithm development part of the theory involves three ingredients: a preconditioned Wiener Hopf equation, its simplest possible iterative solution through the Richardson iteration, and an estimation strategy for the autocorrelation matrix, the cross-correlation vector and a preconditioning matrix. This results in a generalised adaptive filter in which intuitively plausible parameter selections give the major adaptive filter algorithms as special cases. This provides a setting where the similarities and differences between the many different adaptive filter algorithms are clearly and explicitly exposed. Based on the authors' generalised adaptive filter, expressions for the learning curve, the excess mean square error and the mean square coefficient deviation are developed. These are general performance results that are directly applicable to the major families of adaptive filter algorithms through the selection of a few parameters. Finally, the authors demonstrate through simulations that these results are useful in predicting adaptive filter performance.
PART XXI MONITORING CHAPTER 183 HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING

KEY POINTS • Hemodynamic monitoring is essential in the treatment of many critically ill patients because it is important in guiding fluid and pharmacologic therapy to optimize cardiovascular function. • Assessment of hemodynamic status is typically based on physical examination parameters and monitoring of any of the following: continuous electrocardiogram, arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, mixed venous and central venous oxygen saturation, pulmonary artery pressure, lactate and base deficit, and cardiac output measurements. • Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring enables the clinician to detect intermittent arrhythmias, determine whether treatment is indicated, and monitor therapeutic effectiveness. • Direct blood pressure monitoring is the gold standard for blood pressure measurement, but indirect blood pressure monitoring is more readily available and better tolerated by most patients. • Central venous pressure is relatively easy to monitor and can guide fluid therapy, particularly in patients that are hypovolemic or have septic shock, heart disease, or renal disease.
Regularity of solutions of parabolic equations with a double nonlinearity and a weight

We study local regularity of solutions of nonlinear parabolic equations with a double degeneracy and a weight. We impose the condition of p -admissibility on the weight; in particular this allows weights in the Muckenhoupt classes A p . We prove that solutions are locally H¨olderian without any restriction on the sign being constant. We prove a Harnack inequality for nonnegative solutions. We examine the stability of the constants as the parameters in the equation approach the linear case.
A VLA Study of the Expansion of Tycho's Supernova Remnant

We have measured the expansion of Tycho's supernova remnant (SNR) over a 10 yr interval by comparing new VLA observations at 1375 MHz made in 1994 and 1995 with previous observations made in 1983 and 1984 using the same array configurations, bandwidths, calibrators, and integration times. To compute the expansion of the outer rim, we estimate the expansion rate for radial sectors of 4°. The overall mean expansion obtained is 3. ″05 but varies between 1'' and 5'' around the shell. The weighted average fractional expansion rate is 0.1126% yr-1, corresponding to a power-law index (expansion parameter) ν ≡ d ln R/d ln t = 0.471, with an error of ~6%. We also compute the expansion of interior features, and find a comparable global expansion parameter. The value of ν obtained is in excess of the pure Sedov value of 0.4, indicating that Tycho's SNR is still in transition from an earlier phase to the Sedov adiabatic phase of evolution, and supporting expansion into a medium without a strong radial density gradient, as expected for a Type Ia supernova. In addition, the significant local variations that we observe suggest that a unique average expansion rate is an oversimplified description for Tycho. Both radio flux and polarization were found to remain almost constant during the intervening 10 years.
Nonlinear decoupling controller design based on least squares support vector regression

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been widely used in pattern recognition and have also drawn considerable interest in control areas. Based on a method of least squares SVM (LS-SVM) for multivariate function estimation, a generalized inverse system is developed for the linearization and decoupling control of a general nonlinear continuous system. The approach of inverse modelling via LS-SVM and parameters optimization using the Bayesian evidence framework is discussed in detail. In this paper, complex high-order nonlinear system is decoupled into a number of pseudo-linear Single Input Single Output (SISO) subsystems with linear dynamic components. The poles of pseudo-linear subsystems can be configured to desired positions. The proposed method provides an effective alternative to the controller design of plants whose accurate mathematical model is unknown or state variables are difficult or impossible to measure. Simulation results showed the efficacy of the method.
Scalar dispersion by a large-eddy simulation and a Lagrangian stochastic subgrid model

A hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to compute scalar dispersion in a turbulent flow. Instead of resolving the passive scalar transport equation, fluid particles are tracked in a Lagrangian way. In order to obtain the subgrid scale velocity component of fluid particles, a Lagrangian stochastic subgrid model is coupled with the Eulerian LES. The Lagrangian stochastic subgrid model is written in terms of subgrid scale statistics. The coupling is applied to the study of turbulent scalar dispersion. The results of our simulation are compared with a direct numerical simulation and with experimental results.
Statistical mechanics for neural networks with continuous-time dynamics

The present paper is intended to summariz our "rent knowledge about the long-time behaviour of nehwrks of graded response neurons with continuous- time dynamics. We demonstrate the workings of our previously developed statistical- mechanical approach to continuous-time dynamics by applying it to networks with various forms of synaptic organization (leaming rules), and neural composition (neuron-types as encoded in gain functions), as well as to networks varying with respect to the ensemble of stored data (unbiased and low-activity patterns). We present phase diagrams and compute distributions of local fields for a variety of examples. Local field distributions are found to deviate from the Gaussian form obtained for stochastic neumns in the wntexi of the replica approach. A solution to the low firing rates problem within the framework of nets of analogue neurons is also briefly discussed. Finally, the statisticalmechanical approach to the analysis of continuowtime dynamics is extended to include effects of fast stochastic noise. Detailed-balance solutions are shown to be unique and of canonical form, governed by Hamiltonians which exhibit a reciprocity relation between potential- dynamics and fuing-rate dynamics: for the potential-dynamics, the Hamiltonian is given by the Lyapounw function of the system-expressed in terms of the fuing rates-and it generates a Gibbs distribution over fuing-rate space. For the noisy firinerate dynamics, the same Lyapounov function-now expressed in terms of neural potentials-generates a Gibbs distribution Over the space of these potentials. As a consequence, the firing- rate dynamics will freeze in configurations saturating the neural input-xtput relations, whenever such saturation levels exist. Both types of stationary distribution are shown to exist only under unrealistic assumptions about the noise in the system.
Criticality of flow transition behind two side-by-side elliptic cylinders

In this study, near-critical bifurcations of low Reynolds number (Re) flows past a pair of elliptic cylinders in the side-by-side arrangement are numerically investigated, and onsets of several distinct transition scenarios are addressed. A nested Cartesian-grid formulation, in combination with an effective immersed boundary method and a two-step fractional-step procedure, has been adopted to simulate the flows. The transition scenarios associated with various periodic, quasi-periodic, and biased flows, their bifurcation characteristics, corresponding critical Reynolds numbers, and phase-portraits are exploited to better understand the governing physics. From the global point of view, there appear variety of flow patterns within the investigated parameter space, 40 ⩽ Re ⩽ 300, 0.2 ⩽ G ⩽ 3.0 (G being the gap-ratio of the cylinders), and 1.5 ⩽ A ⩽ 3 (A is the cylinder aspect-ratio), which include, symmetric vortex shedding mode, semi-single/twin vortex street formations, asymmetric/deflected flows, stationa.
EMTP Model of Grid Connected PV System

Photovoltaic energy is one of the attractive candidates for green power generation. This paper investigates the connection of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system into an AC grid by modeling the system in Electromagnetics Transients Program (EMTP-RV). In this model, the popular single diode PV cell electrical model, based on the Shockley diode equation is used. Also, the two most commonly used Maximum Power Point Tracking techniques (MPPT), namely, Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental Conductance (IC) are developed and compared. The direct control strategy employs a simple PI controller for the active/reactive power. However, it suffers from coupling of the two controllers and any change in one affects the other. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the impact of sudden changes in atmospheric conditions and other disturbances on system performance. The simulation study performed shows that the system is robust against faults and other disturbances
Intrinsic Hall effect and separation of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin splittings in semiconductor quantum wells

We have proposed a method to separate Rashba and Dresselhaus spin splittings in semiconductor quantum wells by using the intrinsic Hall effect. It is shown that the interference between Rashba and Dresselhaus terms can deflect the electrons in opposite transverse directions with a change of sign in the macroscopic Hall current, thus providing an alternative way to determine the different contributions to the spin–orbit coupling.
An excess current in Bi2223–Ag contacts above the critical temperature

In contacts normal metal–superconductor Bi1.6Pb0. 4Sr1.8Ca2. 2Cu3O10 (Bi2223), the energy gap Δ(T) of the superconductor and the excess current Iexc(T) were measured by means of the Andreev spectroscopy. It is shown that the parameter Δ(T) turns to zero at the superconducting transition temperature of the cuprate, Tc ≈ 110 K, and the dependence Δ(T) follows the BCS theory; at the same time, the excess current Iexc(T) persists up to the temperature Tpair ≈ 180 K, significantly higher than Tc. The result obtained indicates a possible existence in Bi2223 of a wide temperature range Tc < T < Tpair where a condensate of Cooper pairs starts to form.
An analysis of the use of magnetic source tomography to measure the spatial distribution of electric current during vacuum arc remelting

Magnetic source tomography is explored to analyse the distribution of electric current during vacuum arc remelting (VAR). The goal is to use sensors outside the process to deduce the behaviour within. VAR systems having non-axisymmetric distributions of arc current were modelled using a commercial finite element electromagnetic code (Opera 3d), and a database was created from the resulting patterns of magnetic flux predicted to occur outside the crucible. A reconstruction algorithm was developed using constrained nonlinear optimization to estimate the arc current distribution within the process from the magnetic field data outside. The capabilities of this algorithm were studied, and it was found that given sufficiently low noise in the measurement data it was possible to accurately deduce important features of the spatial distribution of the arc current.
Towards efficient simulation of off-gas scrubbing by a hybrid Eulerian?Lagrangian model

In a wet scrubber water is introduced into dust laden off-gas in order to capture the fine dust particles. The scrubbing process comprises a whole set of phenomena like droplet break-up, coalescence, liquid wall film and dust capturing. We introduce a comprehensive simulation model is where representative droplets are traced in a Lagrangian manner while the dust is treated as passive Eulerian phases. The wall film is considered by a model solving the shallow water equations, including models for droplet deposition, film separation and film stripping. Numerical results for pressure drop and capturing efficiency are in good agreement with measurements.
Effect of the Sizing Compound on the Electropolymerization of Pyrrole and the Impedance of Carbon Fiber Coated with Polypyrrole

Abstract: Carbon Fiber (CF) is used as a strengthening material in resin composites having high performance in most industrial areas due to the fact that it has mechanical properties such as low weight, high durability, and toughness. The mechanical performances of composite materials depend on the features of fiber and matrix which composed them. The one of methods which improves the features of fiber surface is the coating on fiber surface with thin film. When the fiber was coated with electropolymer, the mechanical durability of the composite was increased. In this study, carbon fibers were electrochemically coated with polypyrrole (PPy) in the presence of sizing compound (SC) based on epoxy. During the process, it was investigated that how current, obtained coating weights and impedance data, especially capacitance, changed by the amount of SC. For this reason, different amounts of SC (%0; % 0.18; %1.8 v/v) was added into the electrolyte solution (0.1 M NaClO4-ACN) including 0.1 M Pyrrole (Py). Coating process was carried out by using Constant Potential or Cyclic Voltammetry Techniques. Other techniques for investigations were gravimetrical analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Light Microscopy. At the end of the coating, the weight of coating and specific capacitance (Csp) values were 0.8 mg/g and 114 μF for % 0 of SC 10 mg/g and 57 μF for %0.18 of SC and 1.73 mg/g and 166 μF for %1.8 of SC, respectively. As a result, the coating weight and capacitance data (especially, Csp,) of carbon fiber coated with PPy were inversely changed with the amount of SC added into electrolyte.