Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Common interest communities: Private governments and the public

use of the common proper ty, and gov ern in-g docume nts that prov ide acons titutionby which the asso ciation and its memb er s ar e gov erned . Common in terest dev elopment s take the form of si ngle family houses, townhous es, and apartment s, ranging in siz e from two to thousands of units, housing people from all stages of the lif e cyc le and al most all in come le vels. Twenty perce nt of the unit s ar e occup ied by renters. Management of common proper ty, such as open space, par king , swimmin g pools, and roads, is fun ded by month ly assess ments. Rule s in the form of conditions, cove nant s, and restr ictions inc orpor ated in to the proper ty govern such thi ngs as pets, ant enna s, basketba ll hoops, and the proced ur es of the home owners asso ciations. The book exami nes common int erest communities through multif aceted resea rch, building on Bar ton's and Si lver man's 1987 study of Cal if orn ia common in terest home owners assoc iations. Si lverman and Bar ton cont rib ute five of the chap ters, cov ering the hi story and structure of common int erest deve lo pment s, priv ate gov ernment and the in terest, co mmun ity and confl ic t, neighboring style in mana ging int erdep endenc e (including a two case comparison), and public lif e and priv ate proper ty. Their work is compleme nted and enri che d by two legal chap ters, three on in terna tional perspect ives, analysis of a res ident attitude survey, and a
Methylation Motifs in Promoter Sequences May Contribute to the Maintenance of a Conserved m5C Methyltransferase in Helicobacter pylori

DNA methylomes of Helicobacter pylori strains are complex due to the large number of DNA methyltransferases (MTases) they possess. H. pylori J99 M.Hpy99III is a 5-methylcytosine (m5C) MTase that converts GCGC motifs to Gm5CGC. Homologs of M.Hpy99III are found in essentially all H. pylori strains. Most of these homologs are orphan MTases that lack a cognate restriction endonuclease, and their retention in H. pylori strains suggest they have roles in gene regulation. To address this hypothesis, green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes were constructed with six putative promoters that had a GCGC motif in the extended −10 region, and the expression of the reporter genes was compared in wild-type H. pylori G27 and a mutant lacking the M.Hpy99III homolog (M.HpyGIII). The expression of three of the GFP reporter genes was decreased significantly in the mutant lacking M.HpyGIII. In addition, the growth rate of the H. pylori G27 mutant lacking M.HpyGIII was reduced markedly compared to that of the wild type. These findings suggest that the methylation of the GCGC motif in many H. pylori GCGC-containing promoters is required for the robust expression of genes controlled by these promoters, which may account for the universal retention of M.Hpy99III homologs in H. pylori strains.
Design and Improving Techniques for Uplink Reference Signal in LTE Compatible Mobile Satellite Communication System

Reference Signal (RS) is used for channel estimation and sounding in LTE uplink of terrestrial system to accomplish data demodulation. However, the situation in multiple-beam mobile satellite communication system is different. The Uplink Reference Signal (UL-RS) designed in terrestrial LTE doesn’t fit the satellite environment and may result to system performance degradation. In this paper, the UL-RS pattern used in GEO multiple-beam mobile satellite communication system is proposed, as well as two enhancement techniques, i.e., full bandwidth sounding, retransmit and combined receive. System performance index calculation and simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows: Insights into the Mechanistic Mode of Actions and Mitigating Strategies

This review examines several molecular mechanisms underpinning oxidative stress in ruminants and their effects on blood and milk oxidative traits. We also investigate strategies to alleviate or repair oxidative damages by improving animal immune functions using novel feed additives. Microbial pathogenic cells, feeding management, and body condition score were some of the studied factors, inducing oxidative stress in ruminants. The predominance of Streptococcus spp. (24.22%), Acinetobacter spp. (21.37%), Romboutsia spp. (4.99%), Turicibacter spp. , (2.64%), Stenotrophomonas spp. (2.33%), and Enterococcus spp. (1.86%) was found in the microbiome of mastitis cows with a decrease of d-mannose and increase of xanthine:guanine ratio when Streptococcus increased. Diversity of energy sources favoring the growth of Fusobacterium make it a keystone taxon contributing to metritis. Ruminal volatile fatty acids rose with high-concentrate diets that decreased the ruminal pH, causing a lysis of rumen microbes and release of endotoxins. Moreover, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased in high concentrate cows accompanied by a reduction of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity. In addition, albumin and paraoxonase concentrations were inversely related to oxidative stress and contributed to the protection of low-density and high-density lipoproteins against lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and lactoperoxidase. High concentrate diets increased the expression of MAPK pro-inflammatory genes and decreased the expression of antioxidant genes and proteins in mammary epithelial tissues. The expression levels of NrF2, NQO1, MT1E, UGT1A1, MGST3, and MT1A were downregulated, whereas NF-kB was upregulated with a high-grain or high concentrate diet. Amino-acids, vitamins, trace elements, and plant extracts have shown promising results through enhancing immune functions and repairing damaged cells exposed to oxidative stress. Further studies comparing the long-term effect of synthetic feed additives and natural plant additives on animal health and physiology remain to be investigated.
Efficacy of Mrudu Samvahana (Forehead Massage) over Takra Dhara (Buttermilk Dripping Therapy) in Anxiety and Stress Induced Essential Hypertension – A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Blood pressure level measuring above 140/90 mm of Hg is termed as hypertension. Hypertension is associated with various risk factors and also is mainly responsible for mortality in industrialized countries. The treatment for hypertension in modern science is palliative in nature. Many of these, along with its effectiveness in controlling the blood pressure, cause adverse side effects; hence the need for the hour is an alternate therapy with no potential side effects. Ayurveda has potential medicines to alleviate hypertension without causing any side effects. The study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of two Ayurveda procedures Mrudu Samvahana and Takradhaara in essential hypertension. The study included a total of 40 patients, attending the Outpatient department of KLE Ayurveda hospital, randomized into Group A and Group B of 20 each. The patients in group A received Mrudu samvaahana with Murchita tila taila which was performed 20 minutes per day for 7 days. The patients in group B received Takra dhara with Amalaki siddha takra which was performed 40 minutes per day for 7 days. Statistical analysis revealed that both groups Mrudu Samvahana and Takradhara showed significant (P< 0.0001) results determined by unpaired T test in objective parameters. Between the group assessment. revealed that Takra dhara has shown better results compared to mrudu samvahana in reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. (P<0.0048).
The US economy: Explaining stagnation and why it will persist

This paper examines the major competing interpretations of the economic crisis in the US and explains the rebound of neoliberal orthodoxy. It shows how US policymakers acted to stabilize and save the economy, but failed to change the underlying neoliberal economic policy model. That failure explains the emergence of stagnation, which is likely to endure. Current economic conditions in the US smack of the mid-1990s. The 1990s expansion proved unsustainable and so will the current modest expansion. However, this time it is unlikely to be followed by financial crisis because of the balance sheet cleaning that took place during the last crisis. Thomas I. Palley Senior Economic Policy Advisor, AFL-CIO Washington, D.C. mail@thomaspalley.com
Sensorless Optimal Switching Impact/Force Controller

Intelligent interaction control is required in many fields of application, in which different operative situations have to be faced with different controllers. Being able to switch between optimized controllers is, indeed, of extreme importance to maximize the task performance in the different operative conditions (i.e., free-space motion and contact), especially when considering sensorless robots. To deal with the proposed context, a sensorless optimal switching impact/force (OSIF) controller is proposed. The low-level robot control is composed of an inner joint position controller, fed by an outer Cartesian impedance controller with a reference position. The estimation of the external wrench is implemented by means of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The high-level controller (feeding the Cartesian impedance controller with the setpoint) is composed of an optimized impact controller (LQR-based controller), an optimized force controller (SDRE-based controller), and a continuous switching mechanism (Fuzzy Logic-based). In addition, the output of the switching mechanism is used to adapt the Cartesian impedance control parameters (i.e., stiffness and damping parameters). Experimental tests have been performed on a Franka EMIKA panda robot to validate the proposed controller. Obtained results show the capabilities of the OSIF controller, being able to detect task phase transitions while satisfying the target performance.
Unified Bidirectional Resonant Frequency Tracking for CLLC Converters

Unregulated CLLC converters have significant potential for dc transformers and two-stage battery chargers due to their high efficiency and bidirectional capability. In these applications, unregulated CLLC converters are usually designed to have their switching frequency fixed at resonance for maximum efficiency. However, the resonant frequency drifts from the designed value due to resonant tank parameter deviations, which leads to a decrease in efficiency for unregulated converters. To address this issue, this article proposes the bidirectional resonant frequency and a unified tracking algorithm. By analyzing the generalized resonant frequency equations in depth, an interesting feature is discovered for CLLC converters: forward mode and backward mode achieve maximum efficiency at an identical (but not constant) frequency. Thus, this unique frequency is defined as bidirectional resonant frequency (BRF). As the BRF varies with parameter deviations, a unified bidirectional tracking algorithm is proposed, which unifies the tracking of bidirectional maximum efficiency points into the tracking of a BRF. The introduction of the BRF combined with the unified tracking algorithm provides a simple, accurate, and low-cost solution for bidirectional resonance tracking of unregulated CLLC converters. Finally, experimental results show that unified bidirectional tracking and efficiency improvement are achieved under parameter deviations.
Legislative Framework for Civil Society in Zimbabwe’s “Second Republic”: A Sociological Review

Abstract This study analysed the socio-legal framework for civil society in Zimbabwe in the changed context of the Second Republic. It exposes the continued reliance by the new government, dubbed the Second Republic, on laws that were used by the previous regime to silence civil society organisations. This is happening against the backdrop of promises made by the new President of the Republic, Emmerson Mnangagwa, to open up the democratic space and promote associational life. Where attempts have been made to repeal restrictive laws, new laws contain similar or even more restrictive provisions. Using qualitative data generation and collection compounded with the classical Gramscian theory of hegemony, the study argues that civil society-state relations in the Second Republic are characterised by the exerting of pressure and hegemonic power to influence political trajectories. The state-civil society relations represent a worsened state in the Second Republic underpinned by maintenance of restrictive laws.
Ultra-low-noise readout integrated circuit for uncooled microbolometers

A low noise readout architecture for uncooled microbolometer focal plane arrays is described. The on-chip readout circuit contains an integration circuit in which the bolometer current is directed injected into a capacitor, and exhibits extremely low noise with no decrease in signal by using an ultra low noise capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA). The simple configuration of the integration circuit makes it possible to operate more circuits in parallel, and increases the integration time and number of pixels. A 40 × 30 uncooled microbolometer focal plane array based on the low noise ROIC was implemented on silicon using a 0.5 μm CMOS technology. The total output noise voltage is 260 μV RMS. A noise at this level is so low that can loosen required TCR in the bolometer material. Experimental values of voltage responsivities of 3.98 × 105 V/W on average at 1 Hz modulation frequency have been achieved.
Using Cognitive Maps to Develop a Student Model

Designing a student model implies considering different concepts and ac- tivities that are related through causal relationships to stimulate or inhibit among them. In this paper we describe a conceptual proposal for the designing and manage- ment of a learning student model through the use of a Cognitive Map that could be considered as a specialized subsystem of an Adaptive Web-Based Education System. In spite of the relative short life of Web-Based Education Systems (WBES), nowadays exists a strong evolution in the development of Internet and Artificial Intelligence-based systems where the first field provides more powerful ways to access services and hyper- media content; and the second area offers the logistic framework and experiences in the educational area through the use of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). With these two branches WBES improve and extend the benefits that offer the Learning Management Systems carrying on its services and functionality to a wider community of users' world wide, merging the facilities to represent and exploit learning materials authored for differ- ent developers with the intelligent guidance and assistance of the educational systems. Inside this trend, there are several targets like adaptive interested in focusing the educa- tional service in the student, through a specific learning plan for each user that is devel- oped and updated along the provision of appropriate material, lessons, trials and tests ac- cording to the particular goals, interests, preferences and skills of the individual. This adaptive scheme of education is a dynamic process that starts from an initial state and runs for the educational paths designed in the plan in order to accomplish several learning goals along the way until achieve a final or desired state. During the walkthrough the monitor and control services provides appropriate feedback to modify, tuning and improv- ing the scheme according to the behavior, proficiency and evaluation of the student. This kind of scenario is pursued by an Adaptive Web-Based Education System (AWBES), whose main goal is to provide a flexible and well-fitted education service oriented to the each specific learner from a general framework, broad repository of content and special- ized services available in the Web for a world community that grows each day.
WORK-LIFE MANAGEMENT PATTERNS AMONG PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS IN MALAYSIA

This paper aims to examine how Malaysian public sector employees’ approach their work and non-work lives. The research was based on the integration of semi-structured interviews and the use of organisational documents in an attempt to examine workers’ work and non-work lives in the Malaysian context. Conducting qualitative case study inquiry as the main method, this paper focuses on examining the ways in which employees organise their work and non-work lives. Based on different facets of diversity from three public sector case studies in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, this paper demonstrates how structural factors are significant when examining how workers are either enabled or constrained in their ability to manage the relationship between work and non-work. Workers’ commitment to their work/non-work responsibilities depend on the degree of support, both institutional and private, that they are able to draw upon and their life-cycle stage. In considering the management of work and non-work life as a continuum in this study, some workers were found to achieve partial to full integration, segmented to conflictual, whereas others either experience conflictual relations between work and home, or develop strategies to segment work and non-work. Thus, this paper identifies different degrees of satisfaction and dis-satisfaction with the relationship between work and non-work as well as their capacity to integrate both spheres whether dependent on their work position, life-cycle position and availability of organisational support (both formal and informal), family help and paid support or vice versa.
A Talk between Flavonoids and Hormones to Reorient the Growth of Gymnosperms

Plants reorient the growth of affected organs in response to the loss of gravity vector. In trees, this phenomenon has received special attention due to its importance for the forestry industry of conifer species. Sustainable management is a key factor in improving wood quality. It is of paramount importance to understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying wood formation, together with the hormonal and environmental factors that affect wood formation and quality. Hormones are related to the modulation of vertical growth rectification. Many studies have resulted in a model that proposes differential growth in the stem due to unequal auxin and jasmonate allocation. Furthermore, many studies have suggested that in auxin distribution, flavonoids act as molecular controllers. It is well known that flavonoids affect auxin flux, and this is a new area of study to understand the intracellular concentrations and how these compounds can control the gravitropic response. In this review, we focused on different molecular aspects related to the hormonal role in flavonoid homeostasis and what has been done in conifer trees to identify molecular players that could take part during the gravitropic response and reduce low-quality wood formation.
Noise figure of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in saturated operation

We have developed a simple electrical noise figure measurement technique for the characterization of optical amplifiers. By subtracting the results of noise measurements at identical detected power levels made with and without the amplifier present, we are able to achieve an accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.3 dB in measured noise figure. Using this technique we obtain an excellent agreement between electrically and optically measured noise figures for two 98O-nm-pumped, copropagating erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's) operating in saturation.
On modelling evolution of trust in organisations towards mediating collaboration

The market is continuously evolving to match the pace of business transactions conducted in today's technically connected and digitalised world. Organisations need to be properly prepared to either individually or in collaboration with others match the market evolution, which is characterised by: the increasing intensity of competition on acquisition of opportunities, the demand for the large amount of resources and large number of different competencies, and the continuous increase scarcity of resources, among others. Collaborative networks of organisations have therefore manifested in the market addressing these challenges. Establishing fruitful collaboration is challenging and therefore a proper approach to mediate collaboration among organisations is needed to support resolving the emerging disputes during their interactions. Creating trust among organisations is a base requirement for them to quickly join their efforts in the dynamic formation of a goal-oriented collaborative network, in order to respond to market opportunities, and thus committing themselves to the established collaboration. But trust between two organisations dynamically evolves over time. This article addresses the aspects of modelling of evolution of trustworthiness of organisations as a way to raise the understanding of trust concept and applying these concepts to enhance and mediate collaboration among organisations. It also addresses the aspects related to different forms of trust models in organisations as well as characterisation of the life cycle of trust in organisations.
Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characteristics of Biofilm Development Process

To in situ and noninvasively monitor the biofilm development process by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), experiments should be made to determine the mechanisms responsible for the T2 signals of biofilm growth. In this paper, biofilms were cultivated in both fluid media and saturated porous media. T2 relaxation for each sample was measured to investigate the contribution of the related processes to T2 relaxation signals. In addition, OD values of bacterial cell suspensions were measured to provide the relative number of bacterial cells. We also obtained SEM photos of the biofilms after vacuum freeze-drying the pure sand and the sand with biofilm formation to confirm the space within the biofilm matrix and identify the existence of biofilm formation. The T2 relaxation distribution is strongly dependent on the density of the bacterial cells suspended in the fluid and the stage of biofilm development. The peak time and the peak percentage can be used as indicators of the biofilm growth states.
Regulation of the Fructose Transporter Gene Slc2a5 Expression by Glucose in Cultured Microglial Cells

Microglia play a role in the regulation of metabolism and pathogenesis of obesity. Microglial activity is altered in response to changes in diet and the body’s metabolic state. Solute carrier family 2 member 5 (Slc2a5) that encodes glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) is a fructose transporter primarily expressed in microglia within the central nervous system. However, little is known about the nutritional regulation of Slc2a5 expression in microglia and its role in the regulation of metabolism. The present study aimed to address the hypothesis that nutrients affect microglial activity by altering the expression of glucose transporter genes. Murine microglial cell line SIM-A9 cells and primary microglia from mouse brain were exposed to different concentrations of glucose and levels of microglial activation markers and glucose transporter genes were measured. High concentration of glucose increased levels of the immediate-early gene product c-Fos, a marker of cell activation, Slc2a5 mRNA, and pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in microglial cells in a time-dependent manner, while fructose failed to cause these changes. Glucose-induced changes in pro-inflammatory gene expression were partially attenuated in SIM-A9 cells treated with the GLUT5 inhibitor. These findings suggest that an increase in local glucose availability leads to the activation of microglia by controlling their carbohydrate sensing mechanism through both GLUT5-dependent and –independent mechanisms.