Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MIT Open Access Articles Deviation magnification: Revealing departures from ideal geometries

Structures and objects are often supposed to have idealized geometries such as straight lines or circles. Although not always visible to the naked eye, in reality, these objects deviate from their idealized models. Our goal is to reveal and visualize such subtle geometric deviations, which can contain useful, surprising information about our world. Our framework, termed Deviation Magniﬁcation , takes a still image as input, ﬁts parametric models to objects of interest, computes the geometric deviations, and renders an output image in which the departures from ideal geometries are exaggerated. We demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of our method through quantitative evaluation on a synthetic dataset and by application to challenging natural images.
Submarine Deposition of a Subaerial Landslide in Taan Fiord, Alaska

A large subaerial landslide entered Taan Fiord, Alaska, on 17 October 2015 producing a tsunami with runup to 193 m. We use LiDAR data to show the slide volume to be 76 + 3/−4 million cubic meters and that 51,000,000 m3 entered Taan Fiord. In 2016, we mapped the fjord with multibeam bathymetry and high‐resolution seismic data. Landslide and postlandslide deposits extend 6 km downfjord, are up to 70 ± 11 m thick, and have a total volume of ~147,000,000 m3. Seismic data image a blocky landslide unit and two units deposited immediately after the landslide. The blocky landslide unit is ~65,000,000 m3. We infer it consists dominantly of subaerially derived material and secondarily of fjord floor sediment. The overlying units are likely megaturbidites presumably deposited within minutes to days after the landslide. We infer that these deposits dominantly consist of fjord floor material mobilized and suspended as the slide entered and traveled downfjord. The lower postlandslide unit is up to 35 ± 6 m thick, and the upper unit is up to 12 ± 3 m thick. These deposits are distinctive and will leave a lasting record of the event. This subaerial‐to‐submarine landslide deposit is distinct from other submarine landslide deposits studied in Alaskan fjords because it has a much greater thickness, larger and more angular blocks, distinctive postlandslide megaturbidites, and a higher‐amplitude acoustic signature of the blocky deposit. The tight constraints on the landslide source and deposit volumes, topography, bathymetry, and tsunami runup heights and flow directions should make this a benchmark site for landslide‐tsunami models.
An Investigation of Enamel Hypoplasia and Weaning through Histomorphological Analysis and Bayesian Isotope Mixing Models

Enamel hypoplasia (EH) is a developmental defect, frequently used in bioarchaeological research to assess the nutrition and health in infants and children. Anthropological studies suggest that EH relates to disease and malnutrition especially during weaning, a hypothesis that up to now has not been examined empirically in ancient populations. In the present study, we reconstructed the weaning process of 66 individuals from ancient Thessalo-niki (4th c. BC-16th c. AD), a metropole in southeastern Europe, to explore the effect of breast milk consumption and infant diet on the development of EH. For this, we estimated the duration of weaning using stable isotope analysis on dentinal collagen of permanent first molars and breast milk proportions using Bayesian modeling. In parallel, we determined the exact formation age and duration of EH defects on the canines or the incisors of the same individuals using histomorphological analysis. The combined results of our analyses show that individuals consuming less than 50% of breast milk during weaning, developed multiple EH defects (between 2.0-5.0 years), mostly formed close to the age of weaning or later. Our results are consistent with similar studies and provide new insights into the living conditions of children in pre-industrial and pre-vaccination contexts.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A unified model for the spectral variability in GRS 1915+105

We have analyzed the spectral variations of the superluminal black hole X-ray binary GRS 1915 (cid:49) 105 by using data obtained with the PCA on the Rossi XTE . We ﬁnd that, despite the marked differences in the structure and the timescale of variability, all spectral changes can be attributed to the rapid disappearing of the inner region of an accretion disk, followed by a slower reﬁlling of the emptied region. The timescale for each event is determined by the extent of the missing part of the disk. The observed relation between the duration of an event and the radius of the disappearing region matches remarkably well the expected radius dependence of the viscous timescale for the radiation-pressure–dominated region of an accretion disk.
Generative Adversarial Network Model to Classify Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Cardiomyocytes based on Maturation Level

Abstract Objective: Our study develops a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based method that generates faithful synthetic image data of human cardiomyocytes at varying stages in their maturation process, as a tool to significantly enhance the classification accuracy of cells and ultimately assist the throughput of computational analysis of cellular structure and functions. Methods : Human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were cultured on micropatterned collagen coated hydrogels of varied stiffness on which structural and optical measurements were performed to analyze their structural and functional maturation. Control groups were cultured on collagen coated glass well plates. These image recordings were used as the real data to train the GAN model. Results: The GAN approach was able to replicate true features from the real data, and inclusion of such synthetic data significantly improved the classification accuracy compared to he exclusive usage of only real experimental data limited in scale and diversity. Conclusion: The proposed model outperformed four conventional machine learning algorithms by incorporating synthetic data to improve both data generalization and classification. Significance: This work demonstrates the potential utility of integrating synthetic data to effectively address the challenges imposed by constrained data.
Risk-bounded Goal-directed Mission Planning for Ocean Exploration

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) have become an increasingly attractive option for exploration in ocean environments, and there has been growing interest in their potential to enable exploration of ocean worlds in a planetary context. We describe a risk-bounded goal-directed planning system for underwater gliders designed to enable autonomous exploration in uncertain and dangerous environments. Our system develops plans for multiple vehicles visiting sites of interest in the environment subject to temporal constraints, dynamic constraints, and obstacles in the environment. Consideration of risk in both an activity planner and motion planner ensure that the probability of violating constraints is bounded despite uncertainty in vehicle state and ocean currents. The system is supported by a framework that allows for intuitive voice or graphical speciﬁcation of plans. We describe two AUV de-ployments in which the framework was use to plan the vehicle missions: the ﬁrst as a single vehicle mission off the cost of Santa Barbara, CA and the second as a multi-vehicle mission off the coast of Cape Cod, MA. We describe initial results and insights from those de-ployments.
Exploring Visualizations for Precisely Guiding Bare Hand Gestures in Virtual Reality

Bare hand interaction in augmented or virtual reality (AR/VR) systems, while intuitive, often results in errors and frustration. However, existing methods, such as a static icon or a dynamic tutorial, can only inform simple and coarse hand gestures and lack corrective feedback. This paper explores various visualizations for enhancing precise hand interaction in VR. Through a comprehensive two-part formative study with 11 participants, we identified four types of essential information for visual guidance and designed different visualizations that manifest these information types. We further distilled four visual designs and conducted a controlled lab study with 15 participants to assess their effectiveness for various single-and double-handed gestures. Our results demonstrate that visual guidance significantly improved users’ gesture performance, reducing time and workload while increasing confidence. Moreover, we found that the visualization did not disrupt most users’ immersive VR experience or their perceptions of hand tracking and gesture recognition reliability.
Promoting transnational investment: organizing to service approved investors

Governments throughout the developing world are expressing ever more interest in attracting foreign direct investment. This article reports on a study that examines the approaches Governments have developed to provide services to approved investors as part of their broader programmes designed to attract investment. The study links a Government's eagerness to attract investment with the structures it uses both to approve and service investment from abroad. The data show that several Governments appear to be eager to attract investment but are unwilling ()r unable to central ize approval processes. The efforts of these Governments to pro vide services after investment approval . are hampered accordingly. The study shows that the most effective post-approval services are provided by powerful investment authorities in countries that have centralb.ed case-by-case investment screening, but that have not set up separate organizations to provide these services to investors.
An Intermediate Language to Integrate Behavior-Driven Development Scenarios and Model-Based Testing

—We combine Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) and formal Model-Based Testing (MBT), to benefit from the smooth collaboration among stakeholders in BDD, and from automated testing with precise test cases in MBT. However, textual BDD scenarios written in natural language are not sufficient for formal MBT, as they might be ambiguous and lack the required information for testing. In this paper, we define a building block for the integration of BDD and MBT: an intermediate language, IBDD, to fill the gap between textual scenarios and formal models. Furthermore, we formally translate IBDD to BDD Transition Systems, which are formal models for BDD scenarios. Finally, we introduce three approaches for transforming BDDTSs into Symbolic Transition Systems, for which state-of-the-art MBT test generation algorithms are available.
Control Design of Automatic Inflatable Vest for Deep Pressure Therapy

This research focuses on enhancing the control system of the commercial inflatable vest to optimize pressure regulation for deep pressure therapy (DPT) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main goal is to provide a safe and reliable DPT experience with calming effects. The proposed control system incorporates a feedback loop mechanism to maintain the desired pressure level and includes safety features to prevent overinflation. The study dis-cusses the development of the pressure control system, covering both hardware and software components. Experimental results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in maintaining the target pressure with the average error is 1.531%. This study has successfully advanced deep pressure therapy devices, emphasizing the significance of automatic pressure control that meets the criteria for medical gas pressure (error no greater than 5%) and incorporates safety features as a therapy device
Universal Composable Password Authenticated Key Exchange for the Post-Quantum World

In this paper, we construct the ﬁrst password authenticated key exchange (PAKE) scheme from isogenies with Universal Composable (UC) security in the random oracle model (ROM). We also construct the ﬁrst two PAKE schemes with UC security in the quantum random oracle model (QROM), one is based on the learning with error (LWE) assumption, and the other is based on the group-action decisional Diﬃe-Hellman (GA-DDH) assumption in the isogeny setting. To obtain our UC-secure PAKE scheme in ROM, we propose a generic construction of PAKE from basic lossy public key encryption (LPKE) and CCA-secure PKE. We also introduce a new variant of LPKE, named extractable LPKE (eLPKE). By replacing the basic LPKE with eLPKE, our generic construction of PAKE achieves UC security in QROM. The LPKE and eLPKE have instantiations not only from LWE but also from GA-DDH, which admit four speciﬁc PAKE schemes with UC security in ROM or QROM, based on LWE or GA-DDH.
Transport of Algebraic Structure to Latent Embeddings

Machine learning often aims to produce latent embeddings of inputs which lie in a larger, abstract mathematical space. For example, in the ﬁeld of 3D modeling, subsets of Euclidean space can be embedded as vectors using implicit neural representations. Such subsets also have a natural algebraic structure including operations (e.g., union) and corresponding laws (e.g., associativity). How can we learn to “union” two sets using only their latent embeddings while respecting associativity? We propose a general procedure for parameter-izing latent space operations that are provably consistent with the laws on the input space. This is achieved by learning a bijection from the latent space to a carefully designed mirrored algebra . We evaluate our structural transport nets for a range of mirrored algebras against baselines that operate directly on the latent space. Our experiments provide strong evidence that respecting the underlying algebraic structure of the input space is key for learning high-performing operations.
A FXR-SHP Regulatory Cascade Modulates TIMP-1 and MMPs Expression in HSCs and Promotes Resolution of Liver Fibrosis

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is expressed by and regulates hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the present study we investigated whether 6-ethyl chenodeoxyxholic acid (6-ECDCA or INT-747), a semi-synthetic derivative of CDCA, modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)-1 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 expression/activity in HSCs and in the liver of rats rendered cirrhotic by 4-week administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ). Exposure of HSCs to FXR ligands increases small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA by 3 fold and reduces basal and thrombin-stimulated expression of α 1(I)collagen, α -SMA, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by ≈ 60-70%, while increased matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 activity by 2 folds. In co-immunoprecipitation, electro-mobility shift and transactivation experiments FXR activation/overexpression caused a SHP-dependent inhibition of JunD binding to its consensus element in the TIMP-1 promoter. Inhibition of TIMP-1 expression by SHP overexpression enhanced the sensitivity of HSCs to pro-apoptogenic stimuli. A dministration of 6-ECDCA,
The severe thunderstorm forecast and warning process in Australia

Most of the Australian weather forecasts and warnings are disseminated from one of the seven “Regional Forecast Centres” (RFCs) which are located in the capital city of each state (Fig. 1). Each of these offices is responsible for almost all the weather forecasts and warnings that affect the corresponding state. In particular, there are no centralized agencies that deal with severe thunderstorms or tropical cyclones such as the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) or the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in the U.S. Instead, the RFCs deal with these threats on a state-by-state basis.
The Authors Holger Görg is Research Fellow in the School Economic , University of Nottingham and Eric Strobl is

This paper examines whether multinational companies are more footloose than their domestic counterparts in the host country, using data for the Irish manufacturing sector. First, we investigate whether survival rates differ between multinationals and indigenous plants. Second, we analyse whether employment is more unstable in multinationals compared to indigenous firms. As regards the first aspect we find that multinationals are more likely to exit the market than indigenous plants when controlling for other plant and industry specific characteristics. In terms of employment persistence we find that new jobs generated in MNCs appear to be more persistent than jobs generated in indigenous firms. Also, MNCs are quicker to recover lost jobs than are indigenous firms. Outline
Geochemical characteristics and origin of the HIMU reservoir: A possible mantle plume source in the lower mantle

Combined Pb‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Os isotopes, together with major and trace element compositions, were determined from clinopyroxene and olivine phenocrysts, along with whole rocks, for ocean island basalts with high μ (μ = 238U/204Pb) (HIMU) and enriched mantle isotopic characteristics from Cook‐Austral Islands. Clinopyroxene and olivine separates record reliable isotopic information of the sources because of minimized in situ radiogenic ingrowth and their lower susceptibility to crustal contamination. Coherent isotopic systematics in multi‐isotope spaces defined by the HIMU samples are best explained by recent mixing of melts derived from the HIMU reservoir and the local shallow mantle. The isotopic compositions of the HIMU reservoir are constrained to be low ɛNd (≤+4), low ɛHf (≤+3), and moderately radiogenic 187Os/188Os (0.14–0.15) in association with radiogenic Pb isotopes (206Pb/204Pb ≥ 21.5). Since ancient oceanic crust would have had exceptionally radiogenic 187Os/188Os, moderately high 187Os/188Os precludes recycled oceanic crust as the only contributor to the HIMU reservoir. Instead, mantle metasomatized with partial melts from subducted oceanic crust is a likely candidate for the HIMU reservoir. Moreover, partial melting of oceanic crust in equilibrium with Mg perovskite would fractionate U/Pb, Sm/Nd, and Lu/Hf, which are in accordance with the time‐integrated U/Pb, Sm/Nd, and Lu/Hf deduced from Pb, Nd, and Hf isotopic compositions of the HIMU reservoir, respectively, with a formation age of 2–3 Ga. We thus propose that the HIMU reservoir was formed by hybridization of a subducted oceanic crust‐derived melt with the ambient mantle and then stored for several billion years in the lower mantle.
Jakarta’s Generation Z and Local Fashion Industry: Unveiling the Impact of Brand Image, Perceived Quality, and Country of Origin

The local fashion industry in Indonesia faces tough competition with imported brands, driven by shifting consumer preferences, particularly during the pandemic. The research examined the impact of country of origin on purchase intention in the casual fashion industry, with brand image and perceived quality as intervening factors. It involved 412 Indonesian Gen Z in Jakarta as respondents with prior experience in the local casual fashion market. Data were collected through online questionnaires
Surface equilibrium vapor pressure of organic nanoparticles measured from the Dynamic-aerosol-size Electrical Mobility Spectrometer

Aerosol particles undergo continuous changes in their chemical composition and physical properties throughout their lifecycles, leading to diverse climate and health impacts. In particular, organic nanoparticle’s surface equilibrium vapor pressure stands as a critical factor for gas-particle partitioning and is pivotal for understanding the evolution of aerosol properties. Herein, we present measurements of evaporation kinetics and surface equilibrium vapor pressures of a wide array of laboratory-generated organic nanoparticles, employing the Dynamic-aerosol-size Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (DEMS) 5 methodology, a recent advancement in aerosol process characterization. The DEMS methodology is founded on the principle that the local velocity of a size-changing nanoparticle within a flow field has a one-to-one correspondence with its local size. Consequently, this approach can facilitate the in situ probing of rapid aerosol size-changing processes, by analyzing the trajectories of size-changing nanoparticles within the classification region of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). We employ DEMS with a tandem DMA setup, where a heated sheath flow in the second DMA initiates particle evaporation in its 10 classification region. Through analysis of the DEMS response and the underlying mechanism governing the evaporation process, we reconstruct temporal radius profiles of evaporating nanoparticles and derive their surface equilibrium vapor pressures across various temperatures. Our results demonstrate a good agreement between the vapor pressures deduced from DEMS measurements and those documented in literature. We discuss the measurable vapor pressure range achievable with DEMS and elucidate associated uncertainties. Furthermore, we outline prospective directions for refining this methodology and anticipate
Contribution of Multi‐GNSS Constellation to SLR‐Derived Terrestrial Reference Frame

All satellites of new Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are equipped with laser retroreflectors dedicated to Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). This paper demonstrates the contribution of SLR tracking of multi‐GNSS constellations to the improved SLR‐derived reference frame and scientific products. We show a solution strategy with estimating satellite orbits, SLR station coordinates, geocenter coordinates, and Earth rotation parameters using SLR observations to 2 Laser Geodynamics Satellites (LAGEOS) and 55 GNSS satellites: 1 GPS, 31 Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, 18 Galileo, 3 BeiDou Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit, 1 BeiDou Medium Earth Orbit, and 1 Quasi‐Zenith Satellite System satellite for the period 2014.0–2017.4. Due to a substantial number of GNSS observations, the number of weekly solutions for some SLR stations, for example, Arkhyz, Komsomolsk, Altay, and Brasilia, is larger up to 41% in the combined LAGEOS + GNSS solution when compared to the LAGEOS‐only solution. The SLR observations to GNSS can transfer the orientation of the reference frame from GNSS to SLR solutions. As a result, the SLR‐derived pole coordinates and length‐of‐day estimates become more consistent with GNSS microwave‐based results. The root‐mean‐square errors of length‐of‐day are reduced from 122.5 μs/d to 43.0 μs/d, whereas mean offsets are reduced from −81.6 μs/d to 0.5 μs/d in LAGEOS only and in the combined LAGEOS + GNSS solutions, respectively.
Positive Conceptions of Perfectionism: Approaches, Evidence, Challenges

Almost 30 years ago, Hamachek (1978) suggested that 2 forms of perfectionism be distinguished, a positive form labeled “normal perfectionism” and a negative form labeled “neurotic perfectionism. ” Focusing on the positive, we present an overview of the different empirical conceptions of the 2 forms of perfectionism and a common framework for the 2 basic approaches: the dimensional approach differentiating 2 dimensions of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns) and the group-based approach differentiating 2 groups of perfectionists (healthy perfectionists and unhealthy perfectionists). Moreover, we review the evidence demonstrating that (a) perfectionistic strivings are associated with positive characteristics and (b) healthy perfectionists show higher levels of positive characteristics compared to unhealthy perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Although questions on core facets, positive effects, and developmental antecedents of positive forms of perfectionism remain, our findings suggest that self-oriented perfectionistic strivings are positive, if perfectionists are not overly concerned about mistakes and negative evaluations by others.