Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Prenatal Hormone Milieu in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Though the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains largely unknown, recent findings suggest that hormone dysregulation within the prenatal environment, in conjunction with genetic factors, may alter fetal neurodevelopment. Early emphasis has been placed on the potential role of in utero exposure to androgens, particularly testosterone, to theorize ASD as the manifestation of an “extreme male brain. ” The relationship between autism risk and obstetric conditions associated with inflammation and steroid dysregulation merits a much broader understanding of the in utero steroid environment and its potential influence on fetal neuroendocrine development. The exploration of hormone dysregulation in the prenatal environment and ASD development builds upon prior research publishing associations with obstetric conditions and ASD risk. The insight gained may be applied to the development of chronic adult metabolic diseases that share prenatal risk factors with ASD. Future research directions will also be discussed.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis in Endometrial Cancer With Bone Metastasis: A SEER-Based Study of 584 Women

Purpose Bone metastasis from endometrial cancer (EC) is rare and poorly described. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the clinically accessible factors and survival time among EC patients with bone metastasis. Patients and Methods We retrospectively identified and reviewed EC patients with bone metastasis from 2010 to 2016, based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Univariable and multivariable Cox regressions were applied to evaluate the effects of clinical variables on survival. Kaplan–Meier plots were used to visually demonstrate the correlation between independent risk factors and survival. Results Clinical data of 584 EC patients with bone metastasis from the SEER database were analyzed. EC patients with bone metastasis experienced extremely poor survival, with 1-year overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates 33.8 and 35.8%, respectively. Variables associated with OS and CSS in the univariable analysis included race, tumor grade, tumor subtype, tumor size, lung, liver and brain metastases, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In the multivariable analysis, tumor grade, tumor subtype, liver and brain metastases, local surgery, and systemic chemotherapy remained independent risk factors for OS and CSS. However, local radiotherapy was an independent predictor of OS, not CSS. Conclusions We identified several factors affect the survival of EC patients with bone metastasis, which is useful for clinicians to assess patients’ outcomes. Our study supports surgery and radiotherapy of primary EC, and systemic chemotherapy for prolonging survival among EC patients with bone metastasis, which lays a solid foundation for defining optimal treatment strategy in this specific cohort.
Effectiveness of a Novel Smartphone Health Education Intervention in Enhancing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices for the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections Among Private Hajj Pilgrims From Malaysia

This study was aimed to develop and evaluate the efficacy of a health education program for increasing knowledge, changing attitudes, and promoting prevention practices to reduce the incidence of RTIs among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims. A quasi-experimental study was done among 130 Hajj pilgrims attending Hajj orientation course organized by a private Hajj tour companies. Hajj pilgrims assigned to intervention group (n = 65) and control group (n = 65). Data were collected baseline and after return from Hajj using a validated questionnaire. Mixed design repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyse the effect of group, time, and group-time interaction on the dependent variables. There was a significant improvement in knowledge, attitude and practice scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Based on the findings of the interaction of time and group, there was a significant statistical difference for post intervention for knowledge (p = 0.005), attitude (p = 0.041), and practice (p = 0.002). The newly-established health education intervention smartphone application was effective in improving KAP toward RTIs prevention among pilgrims.
Influence of Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis and Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies

Purpose of this Review: This article is a systematic review on the influence pregnancy has on multiple sclerosis and the resulting impact of disease-modifying therapies. Findings: Multiple sclerosis predominantly affects young women with a clinical onset most often during the child-bearing age. The impact of multiple sclerosis and disease-modifying therapies on fertility, pregnancy, fetal outcome, and breastfeeding is a pivotal topic when it comes to clinical practice. The introduction of disease-modifying therapies has changed not only the natural history of the disease but also the perspective of pregnancy in women with multiple sclerosis. Family planning requires careful consideration, especially because many disease-modifying drugs are contraindicated during pregnancy. In this article, we review current evidence collected from published literature and drug-specific pregnancy registers on the use of disease-modifying therapies. Additionally, we discuss safety profiles for each drug and correlate them to both risk for the exposed fetus and risk for the mothers interrupting treatments when seeking pregnancy.
Harnessing Sorghum Landraces to Breed High-Yielding, Grain Mold-Tolerant Cultivars With High Protein for Drought-Prone Environments

Intermittent drought and an incidence of grain mold disease are the two major constraints affecting sorghum production and productivity. The study aimed at developing drought-tolerant sorghum varieties possessing a high protein content and tolerance to grain mold with stable performance using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot methods. Systematic hybridization among the 11 superior landraces resulted in subsequent pedigree-based breeding and selection from 2010 to 2015 evolved 19 promising varieties of grains such as white, yellow, and brown pericarp grains. These grain varieties were evaluated for their adaptability and stability for yield in 13 rainfed environments and for possessing tolerance to grain mold in three hot spot environments. A variety of yellow pericarp sorghum PYPS 2 (3,698 kg/ha; 14.52% protein; 10.70 mg/100 g Fe) possessing tolerance to grain mold was identified as a stable variety by using both AMMI and GGE analyses. Four mega-environments were identified for grain yield and fodder yield. Sorghum varieties PYPS 2, PYPS 4, PYPS 8, and PYPS 11 were highly stable in E2 with a low grain mold incidence. Besides meeting the nutritional demand of smallholder farmers under dryland conditions, these varieties are suitable for enhancing sorghum productivity under the present climate change scenario.
Blood Pressure Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Premature Newborns—An Effect of Postconceptional and Gestational Age

Introduction: Cardiovascular system is the vitally important system in the dynamical adaptation process of the newborns to the extrauterine environment. To reliably detect immaturity in the given organ system, it is crucial to study the development of the organ functions in relation to maturation process. Objectives: The objective was to determine the changes in the spontaneous short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) reflecting various aspects of cardiovascular control during the process of maturation in preterm babies and to separate effects of gestational age and postnatal age. Methods: Thirty-three prematurely born infants without any signs of cardio-respiratory disorders (gestational age: 31.8, range: 27–36 weeks; birth weight: 1,704, range: 820–2,730 grams) were enrolled. Continuous peripheral blood pressure signal was obtained by non-invasive volume-clamp photoplethysmography method during supine rest. The recordings of 250 continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure values were processed by spectral analysis of BPV (assessed measures: total power, low frequency and high frequency powers of systolic BPV) and BRS calculation. For each infant we also assessed systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, heart rate and respiratory rate. Results: With the postconceptional age, BPV measures decreased (for total power: Spearman correlation coefficient rs = −0.345, P = 0.049; for low frequency power: rs = −0.365, P = 0.037; for high frequency power rs = −0.349; P = 0.046); and BRS increased significantly (rs = 0.448, P = 0.009). The further analysis demonstrated that these effects were more attributable to gestational age than to postnatal age. BRS correlated negatively with BPV magnitude (rs = −0.479 to −0.592, P = 0.001–0.005). Mean blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased during maturation (rs = 0.517 and 0.537, P = 0.002 and 0.001, respectively) while heart rate and respiratory rate decreased (rs = −0.366 and −0.516, P = 0.036 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion: We conclude that maturation process is accompanied by an increased involvement of baroreflex buffering of spontaneous short-term blood pressure oscillations. Gestational age plays a dominant role not only in BPV changes but also in BRS, mean blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate changes.
Multicast on‐route cluster propagation using to identify the network intrusion detection system in mobile ad hoc network

Intrusion detection, become a new paradigm in mobile ad hoc network which provide a sense of security to the existing computer and data network, is a retro‐fit approach. The goal of intrusion detection, unauthorized use, misuse, and by insiders and both external penetrator system is to identify the abuse of computer systems. The increase of the connection of the computer system will provide greater access to outsiders; for the intruder, the identification of avoidance becomes a challenge. We propose a multicast on‐route cluster propagation (MORCP) based network intrusion detection system to improve the security based on route analysis. The number of IDS of the prototype has been developed in a number of transmissions on miss‐behavioral transmission. Some of them also have been experimentally deployed in a production system. In addition, segregate path identification algorithm (SPIA) of host‐based and network‐based IDS is investigated, and the characteristics of the corresponding system are identified. In host‐based systems, most of the network‐based IDS, to construct a detection mechanism on the network traffic monitored, as well, while some adoption host audit trail, in order to detect the intrusion activity, input as the main source of information, to adopt an audit trail of the hot operating system. The overview of typical use statistical anomaly detection algorithm in IDS is also included.
Synergistic mechanism of boron and arsenic in preventing dezincification of brass

IN the past, trace amount of arsenic was used to reduce the dezincification of brass, but in re-cent years, it was found that trace amount of boron also could prevent the dezincification ofbrass. By adding boron and arsenic alone or both, we found that boron or arsenic couldreduce the dezincification of brass, the synergistic effect of boron and arsenic in restraining
Removal of Silicon and Aluminum from EAF Titanium-containing Slag and Pre-oxidization Roasting Kinetics of the Leached Slag

The process route of alkali leaching-oxidative modification at high temperature-high pressure acid leaching for preparing high grade synthetic rutile was proposed for treatment of electric-titanium slag of Yunnan. The removal mechanism of silicon and aluminum from EAF titanium-containing slag was studied. The effects of single-factors including stirring speed, particle size, temperature, NaOH concentration, mass ratio of liquid to solid, alkaline reagent on the leaching rate were examined. The leaching rates of SiO2 and Al2O3 reached up to 75% and 50%. The effective sequence of temperature, NaOH concentration, mass ratio of liquid to solid, and time was investigated by orthogonal experiments. The results show that the leaching effect is well under the conditions of NaOH concentration of 1.5 mol/L, mass ratio of liquid to solid of 8, the boiling temperature, and leaching time of 1 h. There are 60% of the rutile TiO2 crystallized from the slag after alkaline leaching by pre-oxidation, the process was controlled by the interfacial chemical reactions under 800℃, the diffusion rate is faster, and the apparent activation energy 12 kJ/mol.
Longitudinal mechanical properties of cell wall of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb) as related to moisture content: A nanoindentation study

Abstract The in situ imaging nanoindentation technique was used to investigate how the moisture content (MC) affects the longitudinal mechanical properties of Masson pine cell wall. Furthermore, nanoindentation tests in liquid water were performed. The results indicate that elastic modulus, hardness, and compression yield stress of wood wall are all linearly correlated to the selected MC region in the range from 4.5% to 13.1%. Remarkable differences were found between the experimental values measured in water and the extrapolated values based on regression equations below fiber saturation point.
Optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds of jujube (Ziziphus Jujube) using ultrasound-assisted extraction method

Ultrasound-assisted extraction method was applied for phenolic compounds extraction from jujube by the simultaneous maximization of the yield in the total phenolics using the response surface methodology. A Box-Behnken was used to investigate the effects of four independent variables, namely time (20-50 min), temperature (20-50 ̊C), sound intensity (60-100%) and solvent composition (40-80%) on the dependent variables (amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity). A second-order polynomial model was used to describe the experimental data regarding the total phenolics. Correlation coefficient (R) of the model for total phenolic content was 0.98. Optimal conditions for total phenolic content were temperature 48C, 72% solvent composition, sound intensity 96% and 48 min. In optimal conditions, the  Corresponding author: M.Sc. student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Sabzevar Islamic Azad University Sabzevar, Iran.tell: 09155332604,05118797754.email:hamed_fooladi2002@yahoo.com total phenolic content 15.8 mg gallic acid equivalent /g dry matter was predicted by the model. Under optimized conditions the experimental values agreed with the values predicted by models. Keywords— Jujube; phenolic compounds; ultrasoundassisted extraction; response surface methodology
Evaluation of hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of chloroform and methanolic extract of Nauclea latifolia (rubiaceae) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats

The abnormal lipid profiles and lipoprotein oxidation especially, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol is more common in diabetics and is aggravated with poor glycaemia control. In this study, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of chloroform and methanolic fractions of Nauclea latifolia leaves were investigated. 150mg/kg and 300mg/kg chloroform and methanol fractions were administered to alloxan- induced diabetic rats twice daily for a period of fourteen days. Their blood glucose level was measured every three days while Lipid profile was assayed at the end of the experiment. The two fractions significantly reduced (p<0.05) the fasting blood glucose levels compared to the diabetic control except in the 300mg/kg methanol fractions. Total Cholesterol and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol were both reduced significantly (p<0.05) by the two fractions of Nauclea latifolia dose-dependently. Total Cholesterol reduced thus: Chloroform (150mg/kg=77.50 ±10.15mg/dl, 300mg/kg=82.72 ±16.21mg/dl) and methanol (150mg/kg=116.86 ±13.34 mg/dl and 300mg/kg=108.66 ±12.77 mg/dl) when compared to the diabetic control (383.76 ±79.68 mg/dl). Low density lipoprotein cholesterol: chloroform; (150mg/kg=8.77 ±
IF… THEN… ELSE: Algorithmic Systems and Epistemic Crises

In his notable work An Enquiry into Human Understanding, influential eighteenth century Scottish philosopher David Hume wrote the following, “a wise man proportions his belief to the evidence. ”1 As rational creatures existing in a civil society, we are continually hunting for new information in order to process and update our beliefs regarding the world within which we live. This is an essential human adaptation that has played a significant role in our survival and progress as a species. However, this process of encountering and verifying knowledge about the world around us, what philosophers study as epistemology, does not occur in a vacuum. Our ability to successfully evaluate evidence and form what epistemologists describe as “true belief ” has as much to do with our social connections as it does with our individual psychology.2 As we have progressed as a civilization to vastly complex and interwoven informational and communication networks resultant from the implementation and expansion of the internet, mobile and wireless technology, and the explosion of social media, the progressive development of a number of new epistemological obstacles have appeared. This newly treacherous cognitive path towards true belief only worsens when one considers that a significant portion of our information seeking behavior is now completely under the direction of automated algorithmic systems. These systems have garnered extensive epistemic trust when the intent of the majority of their implementations falls outside of the altruistic scope of providing verifiably true information to serve the public good. This paper aims to discuss our typical misperception of what algorithms are, in comparison to what they are in reality, and how algorithmic systems intersect with our information seeking behavior, and our epistemological verification of knowledge, and how this interaction may contribute to widespread epistemic confusion and crisis.
Critical Aspects in the Development and Integration of Encapsulated Healing Agents in Cement and Concrete

Self-healing cement composites are considered to be an effective solution towards the enhancement of sustainability and service-life of cement and concrete structures, as well as the reduction of repair and maintenance cost. Among the several self-healing technologies, encapsulated healing agents present benefits that include healing of larger cracks and timeless healing potential upon damage. This paper presents a critical overview of the progress made in the development of encapsulated healing agents, along with the main achievements related to their integration in the cement mixtures. Encapsulated healing agents were classified according to their size in two main categories: (i) spherical microcapsules up to 1 mm, and (ii) macrocapsules that include larger spherical capsules (>1 mm) and/or tubular capsules up to 100 millimeters long. The review emphasizes on the performance characteristics of the shell material and the capsule system that are necessary in order to protect the different types of healing agents in the long-term, to provide even distribution and survivability and finally, to ensure efficient triggering and release of the healing agent during crack propagation. The relevant literature is analyzed and discussed according to the above thematic priorities, aiming to locate research gaps and best practices and thus, to enable and facilitate the development of effective encapsulated healing agents that could be scaled-up. To this end, particular emphasis is given on the effect of capsules integration on the properties of both fresh mixtures and hardened cement specimens.
Nonlinear Trajectory Tracking Control for Winged eVTOL UAVs

Current control methods for winged eVTOL UAVs consider the vehicle primarily as a fixed-wing aircraft with the addition of vertical thrust used only during takeoff and landing. These methods provide good long-range flight handling but fail to consider the full dynamics of the vehicle for tracking complex trajectories. We present a trajectory tracking controller for the full dynamics of a winged eVTOL UAV in hover, fixed-wing, and partially transitioned flight scenarios. We show that in low-to moderate-speed flight, trajectory tracking can be achieved using a variety of pitch angles. In these conditions, the pitch of the vehicle is a free variable which we use to minimize the necessary thrust, and therefore energy consumption, of the vehicle. We use a geometric attitude controller and an airspeed-dependent control allocation scheme to operate the vehicle at a wide range of airspeeds, flight path angles, and angles of attack. We provide simulation results and theoretical guarantees for the stability of the proposed control scheme assuming a standard aerodynamic model.
"Mislim, realno, tko voli školu?"

Iako je deficit pažnje/hiperaktivni poremećaj (ADHD) najčešći neurorazvojni poremećaj u dječjoj dobi, istraživanja ADHD-a u Republici Hrvatskoj iznimno su rijetka, a posebice se to odnosi na istraživanja u kojima su sudionici sama djeca s ADHD-om. Stoga je opći cilj ovog rada opisati osobno, doživljeno iskustvo svakodnevnog života vezanog uz školovanje osnovnoškolskih dječaka s ADHDom. U istraživanje je uključen namjeran uzorak sudionika, 14 dječaka s ADHD-om kronološke dobi od 8 do 11 godina, koji su uključeni u redovan sustav obrazovanja. Sa svakim su dječakom provedena tri polustrukturirana fenomenološka intervjua. Posebna pažnja u ovom istraživanju posvećena je metodološkom pristupu usmjerenom na dijete, prilagođenom djetetovim razvojnim osobinama te sigurnom za dijete. Podaci su obrađeni metodom interpretativne fenomenološke analize (IPA), a iskustvo školovanja dječaka s ADHD-om prikazano je kroz dvije teme: (1) Izazovi školovanja s ADHD-om te (2) Podrška u školi: važnost uvažavanja, senzibiliziranosti i odnosa. Istraživanje je pokazalo da dječaci s ADHD-om prepoznaju svoje izazove vezane uz školovanje, a njihove teškoće najviše dolaze do izražaja u obrazovnim aktivnostima koje od njih zahtijevaju usmjeravanje i održavanje pozornosti, organiziranost, ustrajnost, fleksibilnu pažnju i radno pamćenje. Posljedično se suočavaju s iskustvom školskog neuspjeha, frustracije te sniženog samopouzdanja kad su posrijedi njihove sposobnosti. Dječaci prepoznaju podršku koju u školi dobivaju od učiteljice i pomoćnice u nastavi, ali i ograničenja koja doživljavaju radi nerazumijevanja, manjka senzibiliziranosti za njihovu neurorazličitost te neprimjenjivanja IOOP-a. Dječaci vrlo jasno opisuju koje prilagodbe bi im olakšale iskustvo školovanja. Rezultati ovog istraživanja upozoravaju da su djeca s ADHD-om u posebnom psihosocijalnom riziku, dok je u smislu participativnih prava djece, njihova iskustva potrebno uvažiti kao ravnopravnih dionika obrazovnih politika.