Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Retrocalcarine Sulcus Is Functionally Distinct Between Macaques and Humans

Primate cerebral cortex is highly convoluted with much of the cortical surface buried in sulcal folds. The origins of cortical folding and its functional relevance has been a major focus of systems and cognitive neuroscience. Stereotyped patterns of cortical folding across individuals and multiple primate species indicate common evolutionary pressures in their development. However, foundational questions regarding organizing principles shared across species remain unanswered. Taking a cross-species comparative approach with a careful consideration of historical observations, we investigate cortical folding within the calcarine sulcus, a primary fold in primates. We identify two macroanatomical structures – the retrocalcarine and external calcarine sulci – in 24 humans and 6 macaque monkeys. We show that within species, these sulci are identifiable in all individuals, fall on a similar part of the V1 retinotopic map, and thus, serve as anatomical landmarks predictive of functional organization. Yet, across species, the actual underlying visual field representations differ strikingly across humans and macaques. Thus, the structure-function correspondence for an evolutionarily old structure like V1 is species-specific and suggests intriguing differences in developmental constraints across primates.
Variability of ionospheric TEC at low latitude station, Hyderabad during medium solar activity

The successful operation of communicational and navigational applications requires knowledge of state and behaviour of ionosphere as well as spatial and temporal changes taking place in it. With this view, we have studied the variability and changes in the low latitude ionosphere by considering a low latitude Indian station Hyderabad (17.41 ∘ N, 78.55 ∘ E). The variability is studied during the year 2014, by using the space borne Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. From GPS observations an important parameter; Total Electron Content (TEC) is obtained, which represents the integral electron density of the ionosphere and is widely used in studies concerning ionospheric variability. We have studied how the ionospheric conditions at Hyderabad change from hour to hour, day to day, month to month and season to season. We found that ionosphere over Hyderabad exhibits significant, interesting and regular variability. Although, the trends followed by the ionospheric changes are similar, but the magnitude of peak values differ on different time scales. Finally we have compared the variability of observed or actual values of TEC with the corresponding values predicted by International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model-2016 and found good agreement between hourly values, while IRI model overestimates or underestimates the daily values.
Synthesis and Properties of Polyphenylsilsesquioxane Modified Phenolic Resin by in-situ Polymerization from Phenyltriethoxysilane Precursor

ABSTRACT A series of phenolic resin-polyphenylsilsesquioxane (PR-PPSQ) composites were prepared by in situ formation from phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) precursor during polymerization of the PR. The precursor was firstly hydrolyzed in a solution, and then the sol was added to the PR polymerization system. The structures of the composites were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid-state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (Si-NMR). The PPSQs were spherical particles with a diameter of about 3 µm and nearly uniformly dispersed in the matrix, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influence of PTES content on the thermal behavior of the PR was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen and air atmospheres. The results showed that the onset temperature and residual weight of the composite containing 20 wt% PTES content were improved by 47°C and 8.4%, respectively, compared to the pure PR. The thermal oxidative stability was also greatly increased; the 50 wt% weight loss temperature rose from 567°C for PR to 601°C. The flexural strength of the composites was improved; in particular, the value of the composite containing 15 wt% PTES content was elevated by 32% (from 41.66 to 55.33 MPa).
Sustainable Control of the Sugarcane Smut Disease Caused by Sporisorium scitamineum Piep. Using an Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus

Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of treatment with a formulation based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on the incidence of S. scitamineum in sugarcane cultivation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions at the research site of the Bingerville scientific pole in Cote d'Ivoire. Some sugarcane cuttings of NCo376 variety were inoculated by dipping in a teliospores solution of 5.106 teliospores/ml. Before planting, the cuttings were cold treated in a C. citratus essential oil. Propiconazole-treated cuttings served as a reference control and untreated cuttings served as a negative control. Agronomic parameters of the cane and descriptors of smut disease were monitored for eight months to assess the health status of treated and untreated plants. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using the Newman-Keuls test at 5% significance level using Statistica 7.1 software. The results showed that, the pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus oil had a benefic effect on the cutting’s germination, height, tillering, stem diameter, internode length, number of internodes and biomass of sugarcane plants with the doses of 500-ppm and 1000-ppm. Moreover, the incidence of smut disease was greatly reduced from the 500-ppm of C. citratus essential oil. In addition, the essential oil-based treatment had similar effects to propiconazole and much better than the untreated controls. Therefore, this pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus essential oil could be an alternative to the use of chemicals in the fight against sugarcane smut disease.
Constraining the Date of a Seasonally Ice‐Free Arctic Using a Simple Model

State‐of‐the‐art climate models simulate a large spread in the projected decline of Arctic sea‐ice area (SIA) over the 21st century. Here we diagnose causes of this intermodel spread using a simple model that approximates future SIA based on present SIA and the sensitivity of SIA to Arctic temperatures. This model accounts for 70%–95% of the intermodel variance, with the majority of the spread arising from present‐day biases. The remaining spread arises from intermodel differences in Arctic warming, with some contribution from differences in the local sea‐ice sensitivity. Using observations to constrain the projections moves the probability of an ice‐free Arctic forward by 10–35 years when compared to unconstrained projections. Under a high‐emissions scenario, an ice‐free Arctic will likely ( > 66% probability) occur between 2036 and 2056 in September and between 2050 and 2068 from July to October. Under a medium‐emissions scenario, the “likely” date occurs between 2040 and 2062 in September and much later in the 21st century from July to October.
Frequency of Deoxynivalenol Concentrations above the Maximum Limit in Raw Winter Wheat Grain during a 12-Year Multi-Site Survey

Mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat grain pose a threat to food and feed safety. Models predicting DON levels mostly require field specific input data that in turn allow predictions for individual fields. To obtain predictions for entire regions, model results from fields commonly have to be aggregated, requiring many model runs and the integration of field specific information. Here, we present a novel approach for predicting the percentage of winter wheat samples with DON levels above the EU maximum legal limit (ML) based on freely available agricultural summary statistics and meteorological data for an entire region using case study data from Luxembourg and Switzerland. The coefficient of variation of the rainfall data recorded ±7 days around wheat anthesis and the percentage of fields with a previous crop of maize were used to predict the countrywide percentage of winter wheat grain samples with DON levels > ML. The relationships found in the present study allow for a better assessment of the risk of obtaining winter wheat samples with DON contaminations > ML for an entire region based on predictors that are freely available in agricultural summary statistics and meteorological data.
Phosphorus Supply Increases Internode Length and Leaf Characteristics, and Increases Dry Matter Accumulation and Seed Yield in Soybean under Water Deficit

Phosphorus (P) addition ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress on the seed yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). Previous studies focused on the effect of P on root traits, but little information is available on changes to aboveground traits. In this paper, we show how P addition affects shoot traits and reduces the adverse effects of water stress on the yield. Two soybean genotypes, with contrasting aboveground architectures, were grown in pots to compare the canopy architecture, leaf traits, aboveground dry matter accumulation and yield under two water and three P levels. The addition of P to two soybean genotypes, one with a larger number of branches and greater leaf area on the branches than the other, showed that the increased leaf area distribution on the main stem and branches was associated with increased shoot and root dry weights, which were positively correlated with the number of filled pods, seed number and seed yield and negatively correlated with seed size at maturity under well-watered and cyclic water stress treatments. The leaf P concentration at 65 DAS (flowering stage) and leaf photosynthesis measured shortly after re-watering increased with P addition, while the leaf mass area on the main stem at 65 DAS and maturity and on the branches at maturity increased modestly with P supply and water stress. Evidence is presented that P addition can ameliorate the adverse effects of water stress on yield through increased leaf area, leaf function and aboveground shoot production. We conclude that the increased yields of soybean resulting from increased P and water supplies that were previously shown to be associated with increased root growth and function are mediated through increased shoot growth and function, particularly the greater number of sites for pod production.
Structural Decomposition in FSM Design: Roots, Evolution, Current State—A Review

The review is devoted to methods of structural decomposition that are used for optimizing characteristics of circuits of finite state machines (FSMs). These methods are connected with the increasing the number of logic levels in resulting FSM circuits. They can be viewed as an alternative to methods of functional decompositions. The roots of these methods are analysed. It is shown that the first methods of structural decomposition have appeared in 1950s together with microprogram control units. The basic methods of structural decomposition are analysed. They are such methods as the replacement of FSM inputs, encoding collections of FSM outputs, and encoding of terms. It is shown that these methods can be used for any element basis. Additionally, the joint application of different methods is shown. The analysis of change in these methods related to the evolution of the logic elements is performed. The application of these methods for optimizing FPGA- based FSMs is shown. Such new methods as twofold state assignment and mixed encoding of outputs are analysed. Some methods are illustrated with examples of FSM synthesis. Additionally, some experimental results are represented. These results prove that the methods of structural decomposition really improve the characteristics of FSM circuits.
A Literature Review: Artificial Intelligence Impact on the Recruitment Process

: This paper aims to review artificial intelligence (AI) implementation in the Human Resources Management (HRM) recruitment processes. A systematic review was adopted in which academic papers, magazine articles as well as high rated websites with related fields were checked. This study's findings should contribute to the general understanding of AI's impact on the HRM recruitment process. It was impossible to track and cover all topics related to the subject. However, the research methodology seems reasonable and acceptable as it covers a good number of articles related to the core subject area. The results and findings were almost precise that using AI is advantageous in the area of recruitment as technology can serve best in this area. Moreover, time, effort, and boring daily tasks are transformed into computerized, making adequate space for humans to focus on more important subjects related to boosting performance and development. Acquiring automation and cognitive insights as well as cognitive engagement in the recruitment process would make it possible for systems to work similarly to the human brain in terms of data analysis and the ability to build an effective systematic engagement to process the data in an unbiased, efficient and fast way.
A Novel PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway- Associated Prognostic Signature Correlated with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the third leading cause of death from cancer worldwide, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway acts as the most common carcinogenic pathway in HCC. But few studies have reported the prognostic value of PI3K/AKT associated genes (PAGs) and their association with immune infiltration in HCC.Methods: The mRNA sequencing data and clinical information were gained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database. The 105 PAGs gene sets were from the Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) website. The biological processes of differently expressed PAGs were explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. A four-gene prognostic signature (SFN, PRKAA2, PITX2 and CDK1) was built based on the multivariate analyses results. Its prognostic value was trained in TCGA database and tested in GEO database and ICGC database. The association between risk score and immune infiltration were explored by CIBERSORT method.Results: a total of nine differently expressed PAGs were identified. GO and KEGG revealed these genes were correlated with different carcinogenic pathways. The patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group according to the median risk score. The high-risk group had shorter survival time compared with the low-risk group in Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed the better prognostic value of risk score (ROC=0.736) compared with other clinicopathological characteristics (AUC ≤ 0.511). The consistent results were obtained in the GEO database and ICGC database. The nomogram predicted the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates in HCC. The risk score was correlated with immune infiltration of monocytes and M0 macrophages, and the expression of immune checkpoints (PDCD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and TIGIT) were related to risk score. Conclusion: Our study established a novel four-gene prognostic signature by integrated bioinformatic analysis. It provided new insight into the immunotherapy targets and may direct the individualized treatment in HCC.
Role of signaling in issuance of sukuk versus conventional bonds – an empirical analysis of the bond market in the UAE

Purpose The global sukuk market has seen widespread innovations in the last couple of decades, which helped sukuk develop into one of the most acceptable Islamic instruments for raising finance. According to the State of the Global Islamic Economy Report (2018–19), United Arab Emirates (UAE) is ranked second among Islamic economies and Nasdaq Dubai is credited to be the leading international center for sukuk listings (Thomson Reuters, 2018). However, there has been limited research studies on this financing option within the region. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to focus on the role of signaling theory driving the financing choice for listed entities in the UAE. The paper aims to make a significant contribution in light of the recent expansion of sukuk issuances and fills the lacuna in research carried out in the UAE bond market. Design/methodology/approach This study empirically tested the hypotheses on a data set that covered a sample of 1,354 bond issuances over the period 2008–2019. The authors used logistic regression to distinguish between the issuance of sukuk versus conventional bond. Sukuk structuration leads to information asymmetry that prompts firms to send signals to the capital market. Information asymmetry has been studied in terms of issue-specific (maturity and issue size) and issuer-specific (firm size, growth, profitability, leverage) variables. Two control variables were included to capture the years under study and the macroeconomic effects of economic slowdown. Findings The banking sector accounted for 93% of bond issuances but contributed only 63% of the bond market in the UAE in terms of issue size. The data evidenced that non-banking sukuk issuances expanded over the years, with participation from sectors like real estate, oil and gas, logistics and utilities and contributed 50% of issuances in the UAE sukuk market. Typically, firms with smaller asset sizes and higher financing requirements were found to favour sukuk. The banking sector revealed irrelevance of information asymmetry, as Islamic Banks were mandated to issue sukuk. Non-financial firms with high profits and high debts were prompted to prefer conventional bonds, in line with the adverse selection mechanism. Originality/value Although UAE’s sukuk market has existed for more than a decade, scant research has been carried out. Few studies exist for the GCC region that either concentrated on stock market reactions to issuances of Islamic versus conventional bonds or studied capital market characteristics of non-financial entities alone. This is the first study to focus on signaling theory and information asymmetry playing a role in the capital structure of all listed firms (banking and non-banking) issuing bonds in the UAE.
User Testing of an Admission, Discharge, Transfer System: Usability Evaluation

Introduction: To improve the first step of the hospitalization procedure, appropriate interaction must be established between users and the admission, discharge, and transfer system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usability of the ADT system in some of selected Iranian non-teaching hospitals. Material and Methods: This study was cross-sectional research that has evaluated the usability of a selected ADT system using the think-aloud method by 11 medical record administrators. Users were asked to follow the provided scenario, then share and elaborate on what they saw, thought about, did, felt, and decided during their interaction with the system. Users' feedbacks were collected and organized into four main categories for further processing. Results: To evaluate the usability of an ADT system, four routine scenario tasks were followed by users and only 45.45% of them could implement all tasks. Overall, 36 independent problems were identified. All problems were related to the data entry categories that accounted for the largest share. The most important problems were related to the issues regarding "date of birth" field in this category which deals with the outpatient admission process. Conclusion: The study of the usability testing method indicated that the ADT subsystem of non-teaching hospital has many problems in interact with real users with the system. It showed that more than half of the users could not completely and successfully perform the entire real-world scenario tasks. Furthermore, the most usability problems were found in data entry categories.
Is Totally Laparoscopic Total Gastrectomy Better Than Laparoscopy- Assisted Total Gastrectomy For Clinical Stage I Gastric Cancer? A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis

Shin-Hoo Park Seoul National University College of Medicine Yun-Suhk Suh (  ysksuh@gmail.com ) Seoul National University College of Medicine Tae-Han Kim Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital Yoon-Hee Choi Seoul National University Hospital Jong-Ho Choi Seoul National University Hospital Seong-Ho Kong Seoul National University College of Medicine Do Joong Park Seoul National University College of Medicine Hyuk-Joon Lee Seoul National University College of Medicine Han-Kwang Yang Seoul National University College of Medicine
Automatic Classification of UML Class Diagrams Using Deep Learning Technique: Convolutional Neural Network

: Uniﬁed Modeling Language (UML) includes various types of diagrams that help to study, analyze, document, design, or develop any software efﬁciently. Therefore, UML diagrams are of great advantage for researchers, software developers, and academicians. Class diagrams are the most widely used UML diagrams for this purpose. Despite its recognition as a standard modeling language for Object-Oriented software, it is difﬁcult to learn. Although there exist repositories that aids the users with the collection of UML diagrams, there is still much more to explore and develop in this domain. The objective of our research was to develop a tool that can automatically classify the images as UML class diagrams and non-UML class diagrams. Earlier research used Machine Learning techniques for classifying class diagrams. Thus, they are required to identify image features and investigate the impact of these features on the UML class diagrams classiﬁcation problem. We developed a new approach for automatically classifying class diagrams using the approach of Convolutional Neural Network under the domain of Deep Learning. We have applied the code on Convolutional Neural Networks with and without the Regularization technique. Our tool receives JPEG/PNG/GIF/TIFF images as input and predicts whether it is a UML class diagram image or not. There is no need to tag images of class diagrams as UML class diagrams in our dataset.
A Regional Intervention to Appoint Pediatric Emergency Care Coordinators in New England Emergency Departments

Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objective The aim of this study was to describe our expansion of a Massachusetts grassroots initiative—to increase the appointment of pediatric emergency care coordinators (PECCs) in emergency departments (EDs)—to all 6 New England states. Methods We conducted annual surveys of all EDs in New England from 2015 to 2020 regarding 2014 to 2019, respectively. Data collection included ED characteristics. The intervention from 2018 to 2019 relied on principles of self-organization and collaboration with local stakeholders including state Emergency Medical Services for Children agencies, American College of Emergency Physician state chapters, and Emergency Nursing Association state chapters to help encourage appointment of at least 1 PECC to every ED. Most ED leadership were contacted in person at regional meetings, by e-mail and/or telephone. We reached out to each individual ED to both educate and encourage action. Results Survey response rates were greater than 85% in all years. From 2014 to 2016, less than 30% of New England EDs reported a PECC. In 2017, 51% of EDs in New England reported a PECC, whereas in 2019, 91% of New England EDs reported a PECC. All other ED characteristics remained relatively consistent from 2014 to 2019. Conclusions We successfully expanded a Massachusetts grassroots initiative to appoint PECCs to all of New England. Through individual outreach, and using principles of self-organization and creating collaborations with local stakeholders, we were able to increase the prevalence of PECCs in New England EDs from less than 30% to greater than 90%. This framework also led to the creation of a New England–wide PECC network and has fostered ongoing collaboration and communication throughout the region.