Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a 3D ultrasound system to investigate post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus in pre-term neonates

Clinical intracranial ultrasound (US) is performed as a standard of care on neonates at risk of intraventricular hemorrhaging (IVH) and is also used after a diagnosis to monitor for potential ventricular dilation. However, it is difficult to estimate the volume of ventricles with 2D US due to their irregular shape. We developed a 3D US system to be used as an adjunct to a clinical system to investigate volumetric changes in the ventricles of neonates with IVH. Our system has been found have an error of within 1% of actual distance measurements in all three directions and volume measurements of manually segmented volumes from phantoms were not statistically significantly different from the actual values (p>0.3). Interobserver volume measurements of the lateral ventricles in a patient with grade III IVH found no significant differences between measurements. There is the potential to use this system in IVH patients to monitor the progression of ventriculomegaly over time.
Consensus-based Networked Tracking in Presence of Heterogeneous Time-Delays

We propose a distributed (single) target tracking scheme based on networked estimation and consensus algorithms over static sensor networks. The tracking part is based on linear time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurement proposed in our previous works. This paper, in particular, develops delay-tolerant distributed filtering solutions over sparse data-transmission networks. We assume general arbitrary heterogeneous delays at different links. This may occur in many realistic large-scale applications where the data-sharing between different nodes is subject to latency due to communication-resource constraints or large spatially distributed sensor networks. The solution we propose in this work shows improved performance (verified by both theory and simulations) in such scenarios. Another privilege of such distributed schemes is the possibility to add localized fault-detection and isolation (FDI) strategies along with survivable graph-theoretic design, which opens many follow-up venues to this research. To our best knowledge no such delay-tolerant distributed linear algorithm is given in the existing distributed tracking literature.
Metamaterial for Antenna Performance Enhancement: A Review

Antennas are one of the most essential components of any wireless communication system. As wireless communication has advanced, the same development has been seen in antenna designs as well. The requirement for large bandwidth, high gain, multi-band antenna, and miniaturization of antenna size is increased. Metamaterials can be used to increase the performance of antennas either by enhancing parameters such as bandwidth or power gain or by creating compact, multi-frequency band antennas. This paper presents the review of the antenna performance enhancement by incorporating metamate-rials in different ways into antenna design.
Metal-free Ultrathin Graphene based Wideband THz Absorber

In this paper a metal-free graphene based metasurface absorber is proposed having a wide absorption bandwidth in the terahertz spectrum. The unit cell of the absorber structure comprises of three parts stacked over each other. A silicon dioxide slab as dielectric spacer is sandwiched between a square-shaped pattern of graphene at the back as reflector and a cross-patterned patch of graphene at the top as resonator. The optimized graphene based cross shaped pattern at the top provides a wideband absorption of more than 90% over a bandwidth of 4 THz in the frequency range 7.99 to 11.99 THz. The proposed metasurface absorber achieves two absorption peaks at 8.828 and 10.879 THz, respectively in the above said frequency regime. The proposed design possesses an ultrathin geometry of the order of λ/30 while the periodicity is of the order of λ/5. Moreover, the absorber is polarization insensitive due to symmetric structure.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Technology of Model Support System based on Feature Extraction

Model support system is the core system of some test equipment, and it can realize multiple degrees of freedom motion of the model. The model support system is buffeted by high-speed flow, so that it is prone to failure, the test efficiency will be greatly affected. In order to improve the operation and maintenance level of the model support system, it is necessary to realize the status monitoring of the model support system and grasp the system running status timely. This paper presents a fault diagnosis technology for model support system based on feature extraction. The vibration data of the model support system were collected. By combining kurtosis eigenvalues with fast fourier transform (FFT) analysis of peak frequencies, the fault diagnosis can be realized. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technology were verified by real vibration monitoring data.
A Low-Profile Wideband and Dual-Polarized Antenna with AMC Reflector

In this paper, a low-profile wideband dual-polarized dipole antenna based on the in-phase reflection characteristics of artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure is designed. The AMC unit consist of two concentric metal square rings and a “米” shaped metal strip. The in-phase reflection phase bandwidth of AMC is 8.54-12.86GHz, and input-match bandwidth is 6.40-12.86GHz. The relative bandwidth is 40.37% and 40.6% respectively. In addition, the AMC structure is loaded on the metal reflector of the dual-polarized dipole antenna. The simulation results show that the return loss of the two ports is lower than −10dB from 5.14GHz to 8.04GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 44%, and the profile height of the antenna is only 0. 14λ0. At the same time, the gain of the antenna is increased by about 0.5dB, and the front-to-back ratio is increased by about 4dB.
Applications of Chipless RFID in Different Sectors:A Review

The advent of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications has gained a lot of attention recently among manufacturers, developers and end-users. In essence, RFID has touched a wide range of identification, item tracking and sensing applications. However, because of the high cost of silicon-based integrated circuits, Chipped RFID’s widespread adoption is sometimes hampered.This problem may be solved by creating design approaches and strategies for improving performance for Chipless RFID implementation.This article goes through a handful of the key applications that Chipless can directly support.
Fractal Antenna Design with Slotted Partial Ground For Breast Tumor Detection

This work purports an innovative hybrid fractal antenna design (circular and rectangular sierpinski fractal)for the detection of breast tumor, engaging minimal footprint and boasting remarkable and competent results. The antenna displays the dimensions of 38×35×0.75 mm3 for the substrate. It employs partial ground bearing the length of 8mm in order to enhance the bandwidth and to acquire the desired frequency of operation. The antenna is imprinted on Duriod substrate with the relative permittivity of 2.2. It possesses incredible flexibility and is highly resistant to thermal shocks. The fractal design has 6 iterations, consisting of rectangular and circular fractals and operates in the sub-6 GHz band (3.4 GHz to 6 GHz) and low (under 1 GHz) frequency bands. The antenna and the breast phantom are designed in HFSS software. The breast phantom is comprised of 3 layers (fat, fibro and skin) and the tumor has different physical and electro-magnetic properties parameters. The breast phantom with and without tumor exhibits a noticeable difference in the results for S11, S21, gain, and radiation pattern, underlining the tumour’s presence and making its detection possible.
Kernel-based Hybrid Interpretable Transformer for High-frequency Stock Movement Prediction

It is universally acknowledged that the prediction of the stock movement is a thorny issue of the time-series prediction tasks. Often high-frequency stock behavior in the financial market is a prerequisite for investors to make effective investment strategies. Besides, the existing solution to the traditional stock movement prediction is generally converted into a classification task, which affects the practicability of the model. In this paper, we propose a Kernel-based Hybrid Interpretable Transformer(KHIT) model, which combines with a novel loss function to cope with the prediction task of non-stationary stock markets. Specifically, inspired by the Donchian price channels theory, we propose an adaptive renormalization kernel function that converts the original binary classification task (Rise or Fall) into the time-series prediction. Furthermore, we design a multi-order differential sequence loss function to identify the movement of high-frequency stock in future multi-scale periods. Finally, based on the Information Bottleneck (IB) theory and Transformer structure, we introduce the tensor decomposition and interpretable attention mechanism for improving the discrimination to the multi-types factors and the interpretability of our model. To be the best of our knowledge, it is the first work to achieve the high-frequency stock movement prediction task rather than classification. Experimental results show our proposed model outperforms several competitive methods in stock movement prediction on two non-stationary datasets.
AC-link Fundamental Component Extraction in DAB DC/DC converter using SO-SOGI for Minimization of Back Power

The most popular converter for bi-directional DC power flow with inherent zero voltage switching (ZVS) operation and galvanic isolation is DAB DC/DC converter. The optimum efficiency of the DAB converter is achieved by operating both the H-bridges in ZVS condition. The range of ZVS operation is limited with SPS control and this limitation is overcome by DPS control. The DPS control increases the system efficiency as well as limits the back power flow into the system with appropriate combination of inner and outer phase shifts. In this paper, the range of ZVS operation is identified by using harmonic analysis. The AC-link fundamental component extraction using SO-SOGI has been proposed for minimization of back power flow into the system. To validate the proposed modified DPS controller for DAB DC/DC converter, a detailed simulation is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink with a 10kW and 10kHz system.
Developing an Energy-Based Three-Dimensional Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model Founded on Kirchhoff Rod Theory for Magnetic Continuum Robots

During the last few years, magnetic continuum robots have been employed in a variety of medical applications. The necessity to precisely control and actuate the tip of such robots requires the appropriate kinematic modeling. Pseudo rigid body (PRB) model is a type of kinematic modeling in which the continuum robot is replaced with rigid links connected by revolute joints having torsional springs; the benefit of utilizing PRB modeling is the reduced computation time in comparison with other existing models like Cosserat rod theory. In the present work, a 3D PRB model founded on Kirchhoff rod theory and with the aid of minimization of the potential energy is developed, and the corresponding parameters were optimized for a three-joint PRB model. The proposed model's error is less than 0.6% in evaluating the location and direction of the robot's end-effector, and the computation time is two orders of magnitude faster with respect to Kirchhoff rod theory for each set of applied external loading.
Reinforcement Learning Control of an Aerial Robot Based on a Tuned Proximal Policy Optimization in Takeoff and Hover Phases

This paper is dedicated to the implementation of a control system for a flying robot based on reinforcement learning (RL); In which an agent learns its mission based on trial and error. The agent needs to search the environment and learn the appropriate behavior by receiving a simulated reward. In this research, a quadcopter is trained as an agent. Conventional quadcopters use two separate controllers, one for direction and the other for position; However, in quadcopter control based on RL, an integrated control system can be considered. To develop the required platform for the preparation and testing of training data, at the first, the development of the 6DOF simulation environment for the quadcopter is conducted. Moreover, the performance of a tuned Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) method in the control of the flying robot is investigated and analyzed during the take-off and hovering phases. The quality of the conducted training and their acceptable outputs based on the received rewards promises a capacity to use this control method under uncertainties and nonlinearities during specific flight conditions.
Guardian - Smart Assistant Tool for Visually Impaired People

At present, with the advancement of technology, various devices and solutions have been found to aid the visually impaired community (VI Community). Even with the countless technological breakthroughs, yet they face many problems performing the most basic functions in daily life. Identifying the objects, they use daily, identifying a person, whether it’s someone they know or not, and their emotions, and reading a text information displayed anywhere, without the assistance from another person are the basic issues we deal with and try to resolve using a tool consisting of a pair of spectacles with an inbuilt camera that is integrated with a mobile application. The inbuilt camera will capture the image of a text containing label, an object, or a person which will be then detected, analyzed, and recognized and will be converted to Speech using Google TTS engine and produced through the headphones giving the output to the user. Tesseract OCR, YOLO algorithm, and TensorFlow models have been used for each feature of the tool respectively. This tool will be very beneficial to a blind person as it mitigates them the frustration caused by being incapable of performing daily activities without any assistance from another person.
Floating-Point Hardware Design: A Test Perspective

The growing field of Artificial Intelligence research necessitates the development of non-standard bit-width number format arithmetic hardware units to improve the energy efficiency of the underlying hardware. However, building these hardware units using hardware description language is error-prone. It is difficult to catch these errors in the early design stage without having the proper tools or instruments to cross-check the results. Furthermore, floating-point hardware designs contain many stages by which the final result is calculated; therefore, it is essential to identify the erroneous stage for debugging. This paper proposes an easy-to-use Python library for IEEE-754-based floating-point numbers with arbitrary exponent and mantissa width. This library provides not only the result for cross-checking HDL results but also debugging the hardware’s intermediate stage results for easier and faster development. The support of this module in converting the numbers to and fro from decimal to binary makes it ideal to use it as a full-fledged calculator to perform the complex arithmetic in the required format and debugger in binary form for the development of hardware to perform these computations on.
Frequency dependence of hysteresis curves in conducting magnetic materials

An extension of the hysteresis model has been developed that takes into account the effects on the hysteresis curves of eddy currents in electrically conducting media. In the derivation presented it is assumed that the frequency of the applied field is low enough (or the thickness of the material medium small enough) that the skin effect can be ignored so that the magnetic field penetrates uniformly throughout the material. In this case, the dc hysteresis equation is extended by the addition of a classical eddy‐current‐loss term depending on (i) the rate of change of magnetization with time, (ii) the resistivity of the material, and (iii) the shape of the specimen; and on an anomalous (or excess) eddy‐current‐loss term which depends on (dB/dt)3/2. In the limit, as the frequency of the magnetic field tends to zero, the frequency‐dependent hysteresis curve approaches the dc curve.
Stability of the homology of the mapping class groups of orientable surfaces

The mapping class group of F = Fgs r is F = rgs = wo(A) where A is the topological group of orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of F which are the identity on dF and fix the s punctures. When r = 0 and 2g + s > 3, an important feature of F is that it acts properly discontinuously on the Teichmiller space US; the quotient is the moduli space . #f of isometry classes of complete hyperbolic metrics of finite area on F. Since US is homeomorphic to Euclidean space and F is virtually torsion-free, we have
Spontaneous formation of highly regular superlattice structure in InGaN epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy

In this letter, we have investigated the structural properties of thick InGaN layers grown on GaN by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, using two growth rates of 1.0 and 3.6 A/s. A highly regular superlattice (SL) structure is found to be spontaneously formed in the film grown at 3.6 A/s but not in the film grown at 1.0 A/s. The faster grown film also exhibits superior structural quality, which could be due to the surface roughness suppression caused by kinetic limitation, and the inhibition of the Frank–Read dislocation generation mechanism within the spontaneously formed SL structure.
Precursor-route poly(p-phenylenevinylene): polymer characterisation and control of electronic properties

The authors review the results of extensive studies that have been reported by the author and by other workers on the preparation and properties of the conjugated polymer poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV). The use of the sulphonium polyelectrolyte precursor-route synthesis gives considerable flexibility for materials processing and it is shown that high-quality samples of controlled morphology, crystallinity, orientation and length of uninterrupted conjugated sequences can be obtained through a suitable choice of preparation conditions. Where applicable, the experimental results are compared with those obtained from theoretical calculations and any discrepancies are discussed.
Single exposure compressed imaging system with Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor

Abstract. A new compressed imaging system based on compressed sensing (CS) theory is proposed. One single exposure with a frame sensor can replace a sequence of measurements, which is necessary in the conventional CS imaging systems. First, the phase of the incident light is randomly modulated in the Fourier transform domain using a spatial light modulator. When the modulated light passes through the inverse Fourier transform lens, the information of the optical field will spread out across the entire modulated image. Then, a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is employed to sense the intensity and phase information in the final imaging plane. The resolution of the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is far less than the inherent resolution of the imaging system. Finally, a high-resolution image can be reconstructed from the image partially sampled from the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor at any position. The numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed imaging method.
Comments on "Robust, fragile, or optimal?" [with reply]

The issue of fragile controllers produced by using popular robust and optimal control synthesis methods was raised by Keel-Bhattacharyya in the above mentioned paper (ibid. vol.42 (1997)). The commenter points out that the controller fragility problem described in the paper is: 1) well known in the literature; 2) due to the poor choice of examples; 3) can easily be fixed by changing the optimization criteria; and 4) can be fixed by changing the implementation. In reply, Keel-Bhattacharyya disagree with him on all counts and explain their argument.
Electric field‐induced birefringence, optical rotatory power and conoscopic measurements of a chiral antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystal

Using a photoelastic modulator‐based novel set‐up, the electric field‐induced in‐plane birefringence and the optical rotatory power (ORP) were measured of an antiferroelectric liquid crystalline compound (12OF1M7) in its various phases using 30 µm homeotropic cells. Some specific signatures of the in‐plane birefringence and of the ORP for the various phases are being established. A relatively small threshold field is needed for the unwinding process of the antiferroelectric phase with a unit cell of four layers [SmCA*(1/2)] compared with that for two layers [SmCA*(0)]. On application of the electric field on the high temperature side of the SmCA*(1/2) phase (80.1–81.5°C), a field‐induced phase transition is shown to occur directly to the SmC* phase, whereas on the lower temperature side (79.4–80.1°C) the transition takes place to SmC* via the SmCA*(1/3) phase. The in‐plane birefringence exhibits a critical power law dependence for the SmC*–SmA transition. The ORP changes sign within the temperature range of the phase with a unit cell of three layers, reflecting a change in the handedness during this phase. Using tilted conoscopy, the results for the biaxiality and the apparent tilt angle for a smectic liquid crystal with a tilt angle greater than 18° in the ferroelectric phase are reported. The biaxiality implies the difference in the refractive indices between the two minor axes of the refractive index ellipsoid. The optical transmittance at visible and IR wavelengths for free‐standing films reveal characteristic reflection bands for these phases. The modulated structures of the reflected bands appear just above the SmCA* phase and below SmCA*(1/3); these are possibly due to an easy deformation of the phase by the surfaces.
Giant H II regions and the formation of populous star clusters

Published observational data on the populations of nearby giant H II regions (GHRs) and blue globular star clusters (BGCs) are compiled in tables and graphs and compared with the predictions of a theoretical model of cluster evolution and photoionization. The construction of the model and its application to BGCs in the LMC are explained, and the predicted characteristics of the parent galaxies of GHRs and BGCs are compared, with particular attention to 30 Dor. The absence of both GHRs and BGCs in early-type galaxies is tentatively attributed to a lack of massive interstellar clouds. It is concluded that BGCs are indeed forming in the cores of some GHRs in late-type galaxies, but that most GHRs lack BCGs. 91 references.
A dynamic approach to attending: New issues.

Musical events entail crafted serial changes in frequency, intensity, and time that are explicitly patterned to engage attending activities over relatively long periods of time (i.e., versus brief time periods required for single tones). Serial changes vary in salience, with some functioning as accents outlining higher‐order time spans between nonadjacent tones. Accordingly, attending to music must be dynamic and sustained, capable of anticipatory behaviors while continuously reacting and adapting to various serial changes, accented and unaccented. Issues of meter perception and melodic phrasing also mean that attending must be responsive to different time levels marked by accents. Approaches to attending that ground attentional tracking in biological entrainment have potential for describing these aspects of musical listening. They also raise new issues, as illustrated in experiments inspired by entrainment theories; as reviewed here, these address effects of rhythm on time discrimination, time judgments.