Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taking steps: the influence of a walking technique on presence in virtual reality

This article presents an interactive technique for moving through an immersive virtual environment (or “virtual reality”). The technique is suitable for applications where locomotion is restricted to ground level. The technique is derived from the idea that presence in virtual environments may be enhanced the stronger the match between proprioceptive information from human body movements and sensory feedback from the computer-generated displays. The technique is an attempt to simulate body movements associated with walking. The participant “walks in place” to move through the virtual environment across distances greater than the physical limitations imposed by the electromagnetic tracking devices. A neural network is used to analyze the stream of coordinates from the head-mounted display, to determine whether or not the participant is walking on the spot. Whenever it determines the walking behavior, the participant is moved through virtual space in the direction of his or her gaze. We discuss two experimental studies to assess the impact on presence of this method in comparison to the usual hand-pointing method of navigation in virtual reality. The studies suggest that subjective rating of presence is enhanced by the walking method provided that participants associate subjectively with the virtual body provided in the environment. An application of the technique to climbing steps and ladders is also presented.
Spectroscopic Measurement of Gas Temperature in Small Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) revolutionized transportation at the dawn of the 20th century. Continuous refinement of the theory and design of ICE has allowed them to become so well optimized to the task of human transport that they are often taken for granted, only thought of on the rare occasion when they fail to work properly. Nobody speaks about the challenge of designing an ICE that is acceptable for the task of moving people from one place to another. Today, in the age of the remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), another opportunity arises to instigate the continuous refinement of the ICE to a novel task. Small ICE have been used to propel small model aircraft for decades, but the recent exponential growth in demand for RPA in military applications has given rise to an expectation from small ICE which far surpasses current capabilities: RPA require the ability to operate at higher altitudes, in more extreme environmental conditions, and with greater fuel efficiency than is currently possible. Small internal combustion engines, particularly those ranging in power from 1 kW to 15 kW, propel many Group 1 and Group 2 remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) platforms that play an increasingly significant role in the Department of Defense. Most engines used for defense applications are commercial off-the-shelf products, designed for hand tools and hobby aircraft. Efficiency of these engines is low and thermal loss is a significant contributor to the energy loss. Existing thermal energy loss models are based on data from much larger engines. Whether these loss models scale to the engine size class of interest, however, has not yet been established. The Small Engine Research Bench (SERB) was used previously to measure spatially and temporally averaged heat flux, as well as local, instantaneous heat flux at several external locations, for a series of small engines. This investigation will obtain time averaged crank-angle-resolved measurements of the in-cylinder gas temperature using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption thermometry. The results, coupled with heat flux measurements, will enable the validation or refinement of existing thermal energy loss models.
Dynamic Collision Detection using Oriented Bounding Boxes

2 Oriented Bounding Boxes 5 2.1 Separation of OBBs . 5 2.2 Testing for Intersection of OBBs . 7 2.2.1 Stationary . 7 2.2.2 Constant Velocities . 7 2.3 Finding an Intersection of OBBs . 8 2.3. 1 Finding the First Time of Intersection . 9 2.3. 2 Finding a Point of Intersection . 9
Fixed Differences in the paralytic Gene Define Two Lineages within the Lutzomyia longipalpis Complex Producing Different Types of Courtship Songs

The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), the most important vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, is widely distributed in Latin America. There is currently a consensus that it represents a species complex, however, the number and distribution of the different siblings is still uncertain. Previous analyses have indicated that Brazilian populations of this vector can be divided into two main groups according to the type of courtship song (Burst vs. Pulse) males produce during copulation. Nevertheless, no diagnostic differences have been observed between these two groups with most molecular markers used to date. We analyzed the molecular divergence in a fragment of the paralytic (para) gene, a locus involved in the control of courtship songs in Drosophila, among a number of Lu. longipalpis populations from Brazil producing Burst and Pulse-type songs. Our results revealed a very high level of divergence and fixed differences between populations producing the two types of songs. We also compared Lu. longipalpis with a very closely related species, Lutzomyia cruzi, which produces Burst-type songs. The results indicated a higher number of fixed differences between Lu. cruzi and the Pulse-type populations of Lu. longipalpis than with those producing Burst-type songs. The data confirmed our previous assumptions that the presence of different sibling species of the Lu. longipalpis complex in Brazil can be divided into two main groups, one representing a single species and a second more heterogeneous group that probably represents a number of incipient species. We hypothesize that para might be one of the genes directly involved in the control of the courtship song differences between these two groups or that it is linked to other loci associated with reproductive isolation of the Brazilian species.
Evaluating the Needs of Dementia Patients' Caregivers in Greece: A Questionnaire Survey

Aim : The aim of this study was to explore the needs of dementia patients’ caregiv ers throughout Greece in order to use the acquired data for designing a comprehensive national dementia strategy . Methods: The work was carried out in Athens Alzheimer Association’s Day Care . A questionnaire containing 14 close question and 2 open ended was completed by 248 care givers looking after people with dementia living at home and participating in the activities of the Day Care Centers of the Alzheimer ’ s Association . Results: The majority of caregivers were females (78.2%) , mainly daughter s or spouses. A 41.1% had 12 - 18 y ears of formal education. Most of them live d with the person with dementia (69.4%). A 57.8% report ed neither difficulties nor complaints regarding the existing medic al and social services they took advantage of. However, financial p roblems and lack of allo wances were crucial issues for most of them. Moreover, caregivers need ed more support in caring and especially in every day practi cal and legal issues. Conclusion: T he findings of this survey highlight the importance o f assessing the needs of family caregi vers when designing health and social care policies .
Alcohol Attributable Fraction of Suicide Mortality

Background: Suicide is one of the main causes of premature mortality in Belarus, brining considerable losses of human lives. There is strong evidence of a crucial role of alcohol in explanation of high suicide rate and its profound fluctuations over the past decades in this country. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the overall alcohol consumption and suicide mortality rates in Belarus. Method: Trends in alcohol consumption per capita and age-standardized male and female suicide rates from 1980 to 2010 were analyzed employing autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series analysis. Results: Alcohol consumption is significantly associated with both male and female suicide rates. The results suggest that 1 litre increase in overall alcohol consumption would result in a 7.4% increase in the male suicide rates and 3.2% increase in female suicide rates. The estimated effects of alcohol consumption on the agespecific suicide rates for men ranging from 0.024 (15-29 age group) to 0.082 (30-44 and 45-59 age groups). The estimated effects of alcohol consumption on age specific rates for women were positive for age groups 1529 (0.017), 30-44 (0.047), 45-59 (0.039) and 60-74 (0.017). Conclusions: The outcome of this study provides indirect support for the hypothesis that alcohol played a crucial role in the fluctuation in suicide mortality rate in Belarus during recent decades.
Latency analysis of LTE network for M2M applications

Smart Grid companies are looking for communication infrastructure to support remote control, automation, and monitoring. But, these companies are not fully confident in budding LTE technology for M2M (Machine-to-Machine) applications, although it has been proved to be a promising technology for H2H (Human-to-Human) communications. LTE MTC (Machine Type Communications) is a part of the upcoming release 13 of the global 3GPP standard. The reliability, pervasiveness, efficiency, and mature ecosystem of LTE make it the major candidate to support M2M applications in the future. However, in LTE MTC, power enhanced power modes are used to extend the battery life in the cost of increased latency. Since M2M requirements are more towards low throughput and low latency applications, it is necessary to investigate the performance of commercial LTE network in terms of latency. This paper presents the results of a latency measurement campaign done in commercial LTE networks in different coverage conditions. This paper is expected to provide utility companies a foresight about the feasibility of the public LTE networks to support delay sensitive applications. Moreover, necessary optimizations required from network operator side to support M2M applications are also discussed in this paper.
Change of Epigenetic Control of Cystathionine Beta-Synthase Gene Expression through Dietary Vitamin B12 Is Not Recovered by Methionine Supplementation

Background/Aims: Vitamin B12 (B-12) is an essential cofactor for methionine synthase, and methionine is critical for the methylation of various biological molecules including DNA. Whether changes in B-12 levels can alter specific gene expression through DNA methylation and whether dietary methionine has any effect on general DNA methylation status still remains controversial. Methods: We raised severely B-12-deficient rats as well severely-B-12 deficient rats but supplemented with 5% methionine. mRNA levels of methionine cycle-related enzymes were analyzed. Results: Gene expression patterns changed under B-12-deficient conditions but were recovered by dietary methionine supplementation to B-12-deficient rats. However, cystathionine β-synthase mRNA levels, which had decreased under B-12-deficient conditions, did not recover with supplementary dietary methionine. The CpG island of the cystathionine β-synthase promoter was hypomethylated in B-12-deficient rats, and showed no recovery after methionine addition. Conclusions: Dietary B-12 can affect epigenetic machinery by regulating DNA methylation status and dietary methionine may have small effects on DNA methylation.
An Efficient Dynamic Round Robin algorithm for CPU scheduling

The efficiency of embedded systems mainly depends on the process scheduling policy of operating systems running on them. Better scheduling algorithms make a system fast using less resources for small time. Out of some important scheduling algorithms, Round Robin algorithm is much efficient. But its efficiency fairly depends on choosen time quantum. In this paper, we have developed an efficient Round Robin algorithm using Dynamic Time Quantum. Some such systems have already been developed but they take advantage of other algorithms and their running time is much higher due to sorting of processes which is practically impossible. So, our goal is to reduce running time of an algorithm along with efficiency constraints such as context switches, average waiting and turnaround times. Lower the context switches, average waiting and turnaround times; higher the efficiency of an operating system and thus better embedded system. In the last section of this paper, we will present a comparison of our system with previously developed algorithms.
Design of an access mechanism for a high speed distributed wireless LAN

The medium used by indoor wireless LANs is a shared, scarce resource. Hence, efficient use of this medium is important, which in turn requires an efficient MAC protocol. Moreover, next generation wireless LANs will have to support data rates from 10 to 100 Mbits/s. At these data rates, turnaround times in half-duplex radios are a large overhead. This makes the current wireless standards inefficient. However, busy-tone solutions can get around this problem. In spite of their better performance, the busy-tone protocols are not widely used because of the hardware cost, i.e., the requirement of two transceivers-one each for the data and feedback channel. A novel wireless transceiver architecture which mitigates this hardware cost by overlaying the data channel and the feedback channel in the same frequency band is designed. It is shown that this transceiver can be built with current technology. Based on this wireless transceiver, a new MAC protocol called wireless collision detect (WCD) is proposed. This protocol uses a carrier detect signal to decrease the collision probability and receiver initiated feedback to handle hidden nodes. We derive a mathematical expression for the throughput of the protocol. The simulation results match the analysis. At 100 Mbits/s, WCD achieves 77% efficiency with 192 byte packets. For this scenario, the throughput of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and RI-BTMA is 3% and 52%, respectively.
Using clusterProﬁler to identify and compare functional proﬁles of gene lists

5 Enrichment Analysis 4 5.1 Hypergeometric model . 4 5.2 Gene set enrichment analysis . 4 5.3 GO enrichment analysis . 5 5.4 KEGG pathway enrichment analysis . 6 5.5 DO enrichment analysis . 8 5.6 Reactome pathway enrichment analysis . 8 5.7 Function call . 8 5.8 Visualization . 8 5.8. 1 barplot . 8 5.8. 2 enrichMap . 10 5.8. 3 cnetplot . 10 5.8. 4 gseaplot . 13 5.8. 5 pathview from pathview package . 13
Acinetobacter baumannii complex and its antibiotics susceptibility in selected hospital ' s intensive care units at Sana ’ a city-Yemen

Background and Aim: The main challenge with Acinetobacter baumannii complex (Abc) is its ability to rapidly cause antimicrobial-resistance and ineffective antibiotic therapy. This study is therefore designed to investigate the prevalence rates, infection risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Abc in ICUs. Methods: This Cross-Sectional study was carried out for duration of one year in the intensive care units (ICU) units of three hospitals in Sana`a city, Yemen with 280 ICU patients as participants and 80 environmental samples. Results: The prevalence rate of Abc of 7.1% was determined for 280 individual patients admitted in ICU, with 12.9 % in respiratory specimens and 1.4% in blood specimens. All isolated Abc`s became multi-drug resistant over time. Resistance rates were found to be 95% for Piperacillin-Tazobactam, 90% for Imipenem, Cefepime and Ticracillin, 80 % for Amikacin and Doxcycyclin, and 60% for Levofloxacin. However, no resistant isolates were found for Colistin and polymyxin B. The prevalence of Abc in ICUs environment was 8.8% and these isolates were indistinguishable from the clinical isolates using biotyping and antibiotics susceptibilities. Conclusions: Based on its characteristic multi-drug resistance and potential risk to ICU patients, suggestions were offered to prevent nosocomial infections by Abc.
Hyperspectral Estimation of Canopy Leaf Biomass Phenotype per Ground Area Using a Continuous Wavelet Analysis in Wheat

To extend agricultural productivity by knowledge-based breeding and tailoring varieties to adapt to specific environmental conditions, it is imperative to improve our ability to acquire the dynamic changes of the crop’s phenotype under field conditions. Canopy leaf biomass (CLB) per ground area is one of the key crop phenotypic parameters in plant breeding. The most promising technique for effectively monitoring CLB is the hyperspectral vegetation index (VI). However, VI-based empirical models are limited by their poor stability and extrapolation difficulties when used to assess complex dynamic environments with different varieties, growth stages, and sites. It has been proven difficult to calibrate and validate some VI-based models. To address this problem, eight field experiments using eight wheat varieties were conducted during the period of 2003–2011 at four sites, and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was applied to estimate CLB from large number of field experimental data. The analysis of 108 wavelet functions from all 15 wavelet families revealed that the best wavelet features for CLB in terms of wavelength (W) and scale (S) were observed in the near-infrared region and at high scales (7 and 8). The best wavelet-based model was derived from the Daubechies family (db), and was named db7 (W1197 nm, S8). The new model was more accurate (Rv2 = 0.67 and RRMSE = 27.26%) than a model obtained using the best existing VI (Rv2 = 0.54 and RRMSE = 34.71%). Furthermore, the stable performance of the optimal db7 wavelet feature was confirmed by its limited variation among the different varieties, growth stages, and sites, which confirmed the high stability of the CWT to estimate CLB with hyperspectral data. This study highlighted the potential of precision phenotyping to assess the dynamic genetics of complex traits, especially those not amenable to traditional phenotyping.
The Road Towards 6G: A Comprehensive Survey

As of today, the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system has been rolled out in many countries and the number of 5G subscribers already reaches a very large scale. It is time for academia and industry to shift their attention towards the next generation. At this crossroad, an overview of the current state of the art and a vision of future communications are definitely of interest. This article thus aims to provide a comprehensive survey to draw a picture of the sixth generation (6G) system in terms of drivers, use cases, usage scenarios, requirements, key performance indicators (KPIs), architecture, and enabling technologies. First, we attempt to answer the question of “Is there any need for 6G? ” by shedding light on its key driving factors, in which we predict the explosive growth of mobile traffic until 2030, and envision potential use cases and usage scenarios. Second, the technical requirements of 6G are discussed and compared with those of 5G with respect to a set of KPIs in a quantitative manner. Third, the state-of-the-art 6G research efforts and activities from representative institutions and countries are summarized, and a tentative roadmap of definition, specification, standardization, and regulation is projected. Then, we identify a dozen of potential technologies and introduce their principles, advantages, challenges, and open research issues. Finally, the conclusions are drawn to paint a picture of “What 6G may look like? ” This survey is intended to serve as an enlightening guideline to spur interests and further investigations for subsequent research and development of 6G communications systems.
An Automated Approach for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease From Resting State Electroencephalography

Early detection is crucial to control the progression of Alzheimer's disease and to postpone intellectual decline. Most current detection techniques are costly, inaccessible, or invasive. Furthermore, they require laborious analysis, what delays the start of medical treatment. To overcome this, researchers have recently investigated AD detection based on electroencephalography, a non-invasive neurophysiology technique, and machine learning algorithms. However, these approaches typically rely on manual procedures such as visual inspection, that requires additional personnel for the analysis, or on cumbersome EEG acquisition systems. In this paper, we performed a preliminary evaluation of a fully-automated approach for AD detection based on a commercial EEG acquisition system and an automated classification pipeline. For this purpose, we recorded the resting state brain activity of 26 participants from three groups: mild AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI-non-AD), and healthy controls. First, we applied automated data-driven algorithms to reject EEG artifacts. Then, we obtained spectral, complexity, and entropy features from the preprocessed EEG segments. Finally, we assessed two binary classification problems: mild AD vs. controls, and MCI-non-AD vs. controls, through leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. The preliminary results that we obtained are comparable to the best reported in literature, what suggests that AD detection could be automatically detected through automated processing and commercial EEG systems. This is promising, since it may potentially contribute to reducing costs related to AD screening, and to shortening detection times, what may help to advance medical treatment.
Boxy type inference for higher-rank types and impredicativity, Technical Appendix

3 Subsumption and Boxy matching 6 3.1 Boxy matching . 6 3.2 Subsumption . 6 3.3 Boxing and unboxing of types . 7 3.4 Strange boxing relation . 18
MULTIBOOST (v1.2.02) documentation

4 Setting the strong learners 4 4.1 ADABOOST.MH . 5 4.1. 1 Initial weighting policies . 5 4.1. 2 Time limit . 6 4.1. 3 Early stopping . 6 4.2 ARC-GV . 7 4.3 FILTERBOOST . 7 4.4 The Viola-Jones cascade . 7 4.5 The SoftCascade Learner . 8
Magnetic nanowires in hexagonally ordered pores of alumina

Acid-anodized aluminum forms amorphous alumina with long and columnar nanopores with approximately hexagonal ordering ("alumite"). Excellent hexagonal ordering of these nanopores has been achieved by 24 hours of anodization, but with restricted domain size (2-4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/), which can be increased to 100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ with longer anodization. We have deposited Fe in disordered pores and Co in ordered pores; we can control the average length and diameter of these nanowires, but there is still a distribution of nanowire lengths. Previously, we described Fe nanowires with diameters down to 11 nm in disordered pores. Here we focus on longer (770 nm) and shorter (64 nm) Co nanowires with diameters of 25 nm in ordered pores with 100 nm pore-to-pore separation. The longer wires have an easy axis out-of-plane, with squareness >0.9, coercivity=1900 Oe, and a fluctuation field of 5.3 Oe. The shorter wires are more isotropic, with lower coercivities (/spl ap/1300 Oe) and larger fluctuation fields /spl ap/8.4 Oe.