Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A finite element strategy applied to intramedullary nailing of the proximal femur.

An intramedullary nail is a trauma treatment device used for fracture fixation of long bones. These devices are subject to failure, including lag screw cut-out and failure at the lag screw insertion hole from high stress concentrations in that region. Clinical developments for such devices are frequently based on a trial and error method, which often results in failure before improvement. However, the finite element method can be used for the development of trauma treatment devices, and their interaction with bone, by providing a large data set at a relatively low cost. Also, parameters can be changed to assess the relative benefits of one device to another. A novel finite element model has been developed that can be used for the analysis of intramedullary nails inserted into long bones. A commercially available finite element package, ANSYS, has been used to implement the modelling strategy. The finite element modelling technique has been applied to fractures of the proximal femur, but the model is generic, and can be developed to deal with any form of intramedullary device where contact between the bone and implant is important. The finite element strategy can be used in pre-clinical trials to test a new device, or for the design optimisation of existing devices. The finite element model consists of the device surrounded by a thin layer of bone, which forms a `base' model component that is re-usable. This `base' component can be mathematically connected to any long bone model, forming an integrated implant and bone construct. The construct can be used to assess which device is best suited to a particular fracture, for example. Contact elements have been used to allow stresses to develop as contact is achieved within the implant and bone construct. Pre-assignment of contact points is not required.
Diagnosis of Bernard Soulier Syndrome and Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia in Iraqi Patients

Background: Bernard–Soulier syndrome (BSS) and Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) are rare inherited platelet function disorders, defined by a permanent history of mucocutaneous bleeding. The objective of this project was to identify biological and clinical characteristics of BSS and GT patients. Methodology: This study included 52 patients with bleeding disorders, the clinical, haematological and demographic features of patients were determined and the level of GpIIb/IIIa and GPIb/IX was assessed. Results: From a total of 52 patient, 20 were diagnosis with BSS (9 females and 11 males), their age range from 6 to 42 year and 23 diagnoses with GT (10 females and 13 males), their age range from 4 to 50 year. Epistaxis, easy bruising, menorrhagia and ecchymosis were the most frequent symptoms. Prolonged bleeding time (BT), normal PT and PTT were seen in all cases. Variable thrombocytopenia, large platelets with decreased GPIb/IX level were seen in BSS patients, while the level of GPIIb/IIIa was decreased in GT cases. Conclusion: Since BSS and GT are infrequent disorders diagnosis may be postponed, both diseases are combined with crucial bleeding tendency, therefore earlier detection would have been important for patients management.
Robust longitudinal rate gyro bias estimation for reliable pitch attitude observation through utilization of a displaced accelerometer array

In this thesis, a novel attitude estimation device is proposed utilizing cost-effective measurement sensors. The device fuses a rate gyroscope with an accelerometer array to estimate and eliminate the rate gyro bias online yielding accurate real time aircraft attitude tracking. Attitude determination algorithms are dependent on instantaneous and accurate measurements of translational and rotational body rates for precise estimation of vehicle orientation in three-dimensional space. Measurement error of instantaneous rate sensors, gyroscopes, is introduced via inherent biases and signal noise resulting in gyro drift. Integration of the rate signal for calculation of a net displacement amplifies these minute measurement errors leading to inaccurate and unreliable attitude observation. The proposed device is a departure from typical attitude observers and bias estimators due to its reliance on accelerometers measuring the local gravitational vector in lieu of additional magnetic field sensors or GPS. The end result of this work is a longitudinal attitude estimation device able to compute a rate gyro bias in real-time producing accurate pitch angle tracking while subjected to simulated aircraft flight conditions. The effectiveness of the newly constructed attitude estimation algorithm is demonstrated by comparison of attitude and rate gyro bias estimates produced from noise corrupted and biased sensors with the actual attitude of a nonlinear aircraft model and true rate gyro bias.
"Interface Structures": a response to the challenges of promoting "Triple Helix"

There has been abundant research on the relationships between different actors in an innovation system, particularly when cultural differences and divergent organisational practices pose a barrier to collaboration and knowledge exchange among different actors. In this paper we focus on situations in which actors lack awareness of what themselves and other relevant actors in the system can offer or require. To respond to this situation, policy practitioners in different contexts have devised remarkably similar responses to the problem of developing linkages when actors in the system do not perceive a need for these to exist. We have developed the concept of “interface structures” to refer to this type of organisations. The paper discusses this notion, relates it to similar concepts in the literature, and concludes that they constitute a different type of organisational approach. They aim to generate changes in the attitudes and expectations of actors, and when successful they will lead to the formation of Triple Helix linkages.
Variable structure control laws for aircraft manoeuvres

Formulates the design procedure and illustrates the technique using a pitch-pointing/vertical translation manoeuvre for a combat aircraft as developed by Sobel and Shapiro (1985) and Andry et al. (1983). A fully nonlinear simulation incorporating wind turbulence in the form of a Dryden spectrum as in Gault and Gunter (1968) is used to assess the performance of the controller. The performance of the variable structure control systems is compared with the performance of the purely linear control used to define the model dynamics. Conclusions are drawn about the advantages with regard to performance of the nonlinear structure against the disadvantages of having such a control type. >
On-board Model Predictive Control of a Quadrotor Helicopter: Design, Implementation, and Experiments

Abstract : This report describes work in applying model predictive control (MPC) techniques to the control of quadrotor helicopters, a type of micro aerial vehicle (MAV) platform that has gained great popularity in recent years both in research and commercial/military settings. MPC is a form of optimal control which is attractive in part because it allows engineering requirements to be addressed directly in the design of the controller in terms of costs to be minimized and constraints to be satisfied in an optimization problem. Furthermore, for many engineering problems of interest, the optimization to be performed is convex, meaning that a global optimum can be efficiently computed. MPC first found broad early application in the process industry, where the typically longer time scales were compatible with the time necessary to solve the optimization problem. More recently with both the exponential increase in available computing power and the development of more efficient solution techniques, MPC has become an option for control of systems with faster dynamics, such as quadrotors.
Silicon thin films for mobile energy electronics

Consumer needs for mobile devices include the requirement for longer battery life, so that recharging can be performed less frequently or eliminated completely. To this end a key component of any mobile system is a high power and high energy density battery. An alternative to better batteries is for mobile devices to harvest some of their own energy. Solar energy is an accessible, free and environmentally friendly source of energy, making it ideal for powering mobile devices. In this work we present a low deposition temperature (150°C), thin-film solar power harvesting system. Low deposition temperature of thin film silicon and associated alloys allows for fabrication on plastic in order to realize lightweight and robust integrated systems. The system consists of a thin film transistor (TFT) circuit and thin film photovoltaic (PV) array. The circuit functions as a simple DC-DC regulator and maximum power point tracking unit (MPPT). Amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is used as the primary thin-film material for the fabrication of the devices. One of the challenges when fabricating devices at low temperatures is the high defect density in a-Si:H due to hydrogen clustering. In here the He in addition to the SiH4 and H2 is used to minimise hydrogen clustering. Using the optimised films, TFT and PV devices are fabricated, and analysed. Low deposition temperatures influence TFT properties. Contact resistance and dynamic instability of TFTs are considered. New extraction methods and their effect on device mobility are presented. A power conditioning TFT circuit is proposed. A model is developed to analyse the circuit’s output stability as a function of stressing and light intensity. System efficiency and its dependence on circuit efficiency and solar cell utilisation are discussed. The PV array and the TFT circuit are fabricated using lithography techniques, with a maximum process temperature of 150°C. The circuit can provide a degree of output power stability over a wide range of light intensities and stressing times, making it suitable for use with SC. In this work peak system efficiency of 18% is achieved. Despite the circuit’s low efficiency, it has the advantage of fabrication on plastic substrates and better integrability within mobile devices.
Protecting civilians in the context of UN peacekeeping operations : successes, setbacks and remaining challenges

Since 1999, an increasing number of United Nations peacekeeping missions have been expressly mandated to protect civilians. However, they continue to struggle to turn that ambition into reality on the ground. This independent study examines the drafting, interpretation, and implementation of such mandates over the last 10 years and takes stock of the successes and setbacks faced in this endeavor. It contains insights and recommendations for the entire range of United Nations protection actors, including the Security Council, troop and police contributing countries, the Secretariat, and the peacekeeping operations implementing protection of civilians mandates.
Experimental investigations on the wake interferences of multiple wind turbines

In this study, a wind tunnel investigation was carried out to investigate the wake interferences of multiple wind turbines sited over flat and complex (2D-Ridge) terrains in order to understand the physics behind the wind farm design optimization for higher power yield and better durability. The experiments were conducted in Aerodynamic/Atmospheric Boundary Layer (AABL) Wind Tunnel with an array of model wind turbines over flat and complex terrains with non-homogenous surface winds. The effects of the turbine spacing and the wind farm layout on the wake interferences were investigated among multiple wind turbines sited over flat and complex (2D-Ridge) terrains. The characteristics of the surface winds (mean velocity and turbulence profiles) were quantified by using cobra probe in order to elucidate the interaction between atmospheric boundary layer and wind farms. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the dynamic wind loads as well as the power outputs of the wind turbine models. Thus, different wind farm layouts (aligned and staggered) were analyzed in terms of their performance. The effects of the characteristics of the incoming atmospheric boundary layer (mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles) on the performance of the individual wind turbines and on the array efficiency of different wind farm layouts were also investigated. The results obtained from the present study shed light on how complex dynamics of the wind farms could be affected by different factors such as the wind farm configuration, turbine spacing, incoming flow character, topography of the terrain (complex terrains) and operating conditions of the upstream turbines.
Experimental investigations of material models for Ti-6A1-4V and 2024-T3

This report describes studies of the deformation and failure behavior of Ti-6Al-4V and 2024-T3 aluminum. Data was obtained at high strain rates and large strains using the split Hopkinson pressure bar technique. This information, plus additional data from the literature, was used to critically evaluate the ability of the Johnson Cook material model to represent the deformation and failure response of Ti-6AMV and 2024-T3 under conditions relevant to simulations of engine containment and the influence of uncontained engine debris on aircraft structures. This model is being used in the DYNA3D finite element code, which is being developed/validated for evaluating aircraft/engine designs relative to the federal airworthiness standards and for improving mitigation/containment technology. The results of the experimental work reported here were used to define a new set of material constants for the strength component of the Johnson Cook model for Ti-6Al-4V and 2024-T3. The capabilities and limitations of the model are reviewed. The model can accurately represent the stress-strain response of the materials. The major concern with the Johnson Cook material model is its ability to accurately represent the stress - strain rate response at strain rates greater than 10{sup 3}-10{sup 4} s{sup {minus}1}. Additional work is also needed to adequately account for failure via shear localization, which was the dominant failure mode at high strain rates in both materials. Failure modeling in both Ti-6Al-N and 2024-T3 will be considered further in future reports.
Runoff Prediction Model Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network

Due to the influence of human regulation and storage factors, the runoff series monitored at the hydropower stations often show the characteristics of non-periodicity, which makes runoff prediction simulation difficult. This paper attempts to construct an improved one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) model for runoff prediction simulation. The improved CNN model consists of two convolution layers and a full connection layer and uses LeakyRelu as the activation function. Based on the historical rainfall and runoff data of the ZheXi reservoir in Hunan Province, this paper uses the improved CNN model to simulate runoff prediction and compares the results with the traditional ANN model and the traditional CNN model. The results show that the improved CNN model is superior to the traditional ANN model and the traditional CNN model. It proves that the improved CNN model is suitable for the non-periodic runoff prediction simulation, and it can avoid the data problems such as gradient disappearance that may occur in the traditional neural network model.
Using audio-based signal processing to passively monitor road traffic

The adaptive management of vehicular tra ffic on roads is a key transportation application. Sensors are required to provide information describing the behaviour of traffic in the region to be monitored. There is scope for a low-budget, efficient and robust traffic monitoring system. The hypothesis is th a t an audio-based approach provides a highly economical and efficient solution to monitor road traffic. The main contributions of this thesis may be summarised as follows. In order to determine their behaviour over time, in d iv idual vehicles are successfully tracked with an efficient source localization technique based on acoustic information. The vehicle source location is determined by the inter-signal time delay of two cross-correlated microphones, known as the time delay of arrival (TDOA) localization method. A moving source model is derived from firs t principles to simulate the time-delay pattern due to changes in source location as a vehicle approaches and passes the array. Using the moving source model, two novel pattern extraction methods are developed to extract vehicle events and parameter values from the cross-correlation array. The first method minimizes the amount of cross-correlation data stored by extracting and tracking the path of predominant peaks, then comparing the path behaviour to the derived model to determine vehicle parameters. The second method draws on image processing techniques to search for regions or shapes of high correlation in the array that match the time-delay shape model of a passing vehicle. Each method was tested w ith real traffic data of 2,267 vehicles recorded at 5 locations under a range of conditions. The shape-matching approach yielded the highest accuracy of 93% for vehicle detection with a velocity tolerance of ± 19 km /h . The positive experimental results indicate th a t the preferred method is a viable, economical audio-based traffic monitoring sensor system.
Composing Music with Computers with Cdrom

From the Publisher: The accompanying CD-ROM contains examples, complementary tutorials and a number of composition systems for PC and Macintosh platforms, from demonstration versions of commercial programs to exciting, fully working packages developed by research centers world-wide, including Nyquist, Bol Processor, Music Sketcher, SSEYO Koan, Open Music and the IBVA brainwaves control system, among others. This book will be interesting to anyone wishing to use the computer as a companion to create music. It is a comprehensive guide, but the technical terms are explained so it is suitable for students, professionals and enthusiasts alike. Author Biography: Eduardo Reck Miranda is a researcher at the Sony Computer Science Laboratory in Paris. He is one of the creators of the Brazilian Computer Music Group (NUCOM) of the Brazilian Computer Science Society (SBC); he is also a member of the International Computer Music Association (ICMA), the Brazilian Electroacoustic Music Association (SBME) and the Audio Engineering Society (AES).
Digitalization of data analysis tools as the key for success in the online trading markets

: Digitalization is the process, which takes places in the contemporary world, severe competition in all markets, growing demand for new and easy technologies, changing software user preferences, and much more. For the past decades of years, the share of online forex trades that had place in the world accounted for more than 90% of all forex deals. This article discusses the main points of the online trading, the prospects of this industry and key factors that may affect the industry; also, the crucial attention was paid to the online trading tools segment, as a part of the immense market in general and as a tool in the portfolio of every modern online trading specialist. The online commerce industry is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors of the world economy. It creates jobs and assets, makes people richer and provides truly equal access for all. An analysis of existing online trading tools, such as the MT4 platform, was conducted. The main characteristics of online trade in European countries and the problems of its development in Ukraine are studied. The main components of trade in the supply area were studied in detail. Based on the research of the authors, the algorithmic rules of the automated trading system (expert advisor) were described and its software implementation is created. Similar automated systems are especially helpful when specialists need to work with many charts and timeframes at once, because the system might indicate the proper market situation better, and the system won’t have any human-biased feelings, just pure strategies and algorithms.
Assistive technology on the threshold of the new millennium

The field of assistive technology is influenced by the ongoing and rapid development of mainstream technologies on the one hand and continuing changes to social systems in relation to societal events - such as the ageing of the population - on the other. The articles in this book provide a broad overview of developments in technical support for people with functional restrictions: key technologies like telecommunications and IT are addressed, while low-tech practical solutions are also considered.
Mirrored motion: pervasive body motion capture using wireless sensors

There has been a lot of discussion in recent years around the disappearing computer concept and most of the results of that discussion have been realized in the form of mobile devices and applications. What has got lost a little in this discussion is the moves that have seen the miniaturization of sensors that can be wirelessly attached to places and to humans in order to provide a new type of free flowing interaction. In order to investigate what these new sensors could achieve and at what cost, we implemented a configurable, wearable motion-capture system based on wireless sensor nodes, requiring no special environment to operate in. We discuss the system architecture and discuss the implications and opportunities afforded by it for innovative HCI design.
Lot sizing in assembly systems with random component yields Candace Arai Yano, Yigal Gerchak.

We investigate the problem of choosing optimal lot sizes in assembly systems when component manufacturing or procurement yields, and possibly assembly yields, are random. For a single-period setting, we analyze two models. The first has components with identical yield distributions and costs, random demand and an imperfect assembly stage. We analyze this two-stage problem, and highlight the implications of the results for the single-stage case where the final product is just a set of good components. The second model is a single-stage system where components have non-identical yield distributions and costs. We analyze a two-component system with known demand, identify conditions for concavity, and derive the optimality conditions.
Design and characterisation of long period grating (LPG)-based optical fibre sensors for acoustic wave detection

Fibre optic sensors have demonstrated a broad range of commercial potential due to their intrinsic characteristics such as low loss, very small size, light weight and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Representing one type of optical fibre sensors, long period gratings (LPGs) have shown a high sensitivity to a number of parameters, including temperature, strain, refractive index and bending, therefore they have been explored widely for a range of potential sensing applications. This thesis is focused on the design, implementation and evaluation of LPGs for acoustic wave detection. In doing so, the LPG-based sensor has been evaluated and optimized under low frequency conditions (up to 3 kHz) both in air and underwater, with varying acoustic pressure values. This complements the research widely reported for the detection of ultrasounds. The LPG-based sensor, fixed between two pillars with one pillar being movable, is found to be sensitive over a specific frequency range with a minimum detectable sound pressure to be 63dB (ref 1μPa) in water and 66.8dB (ref 20μPa) in air. The sensor has demonstrated a linear response to the variation of the amplitude of the acoustic pressure applied. The sensor performance, by varying the acoustic frequencies, acoustic pressure amplitude and the bending curvature, fits well with the theoretical model derived from the bending effect of the LPG. Both the in-air and underwater tests of the LPG-based sensor have confirmed the potential of using optical fibre sensors for acoustic signal detection and for working in harsh working conditions, where conventional acoustic sensors have shown some limitations.