Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of Angelica acutiloba and Related Species by Analysis of Inter- and Intra-Specific Sequence Variations in Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Sequences

Japanese Angelica Root prepared from Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae, known in Japan as “Toki” and “Hokkai Toki”, is an important crude drug used in Kampo medicine (traditional Japanese medicine). However, since these Angelica varieties have recently outcrossed with each other, it is unclear whether Japanese Angelica Root sold for use in Kampo medicine is a pure variety. Here, we describe DNA sequence polymorphisms that can be used to distinguish between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae. In our analyses, differences in the trnK region of chloroplast DNA distinguished among some A. acutiloba varieties and related species, but not between A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. iwatensis. One geographical strain of A. acutiloba var. acutiloba and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae showed identical sequences in three regions of chloroplast DNA, but differences in the internal transcribed spacer region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. One strain of A. acutiloba var. iwatensis and A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae had identical sequences in all of the chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA regions examined. These findings show that A. acutiloba var. acutiloba has hybridized with A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae and that the “Hokkai Toki” variety resulted from outcrossing with A. acutiloba var. iwatensis. Molecular authentication based on analyses of chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of A. acutiloba and related species is an efficient method to authenticate Japanese Angelica Root at the variety level. Therefore, these analyses can determine whether a product is derived from A. acutiloba var. acutiloba or A. acutiloba var. sugiyamae.
The Human Genome Project and Advances in Anthropological Genetics

����� ��� Anthropological genetics is at one of the most exciting points in the history of the field. Never before has so much information been available to facilitate the search for genes that influence normal human variation and human adaptability. For example, sequencing efforts have revealed vast amounts of variation within human populations. The Human Genome Project has opened a new frontier in anthropological genetics, and we can look forward to a time of rapid progress in characterizing the genetic components of human variation. After one year as the editor of Human Biology, I am well aware of the growing excitement in the field of anthropological genetics. At a time when genes influencing disease-related phenotypes are being localized and characterized at an unprecedented rate, so too is dramatic progress being made in elucidating the genetic determinants of normal variation in the phenotypic traits that have traditionally been of interest in anthropology. With its extensive history of publishing research in anthropological genetics, Human Biology is well placed to be the journal where the latest developments in gene localization and identification of traits of anthropological relevance are published. The data generated through the Human Genome Project have provided a rich resource of information that can be exploited in the search for genes influencing traits of relevance to anthropology. It is now possible for the first time to identify the specific genes that influence normal human variation and human adaptability on a large scale. We are poised to make great strides in improving our understanding of human microevolution through increased understanding of the genetic determinants of normal variation. The exciting growth in research on human populations, particularly in the areas of genomic screening and largescale family studies, is yielding a wealth of new information about the determinants of variation in both normal and disease-related phenotypes. Genome scans not only allow unambiguous identification of genetic influences on human variation but also provide a means by which the environmental influences on human variation can be quantified and distinguished from genetic influences. 1
Acting in Partially Observable Environments When Achievement of the Goal Cannot be Guaranteed

The problem of planning in partially observable environments can be regarded as a search problem in belief space where beliefs express the collection of states that are deemed possible. In this paper we address the problem that arises when one of the possible states is a dead-end: a state from which the goal cannot be reached. In such situations, no contingent plan exists, and yet, such situations are common when planning with incomplete information. For example, if a robot has to move to a target while sensing if adjacent cells are free or not, and the map is not known, the (hidden) state where the target is totally blocked by occupied cells is possible and is a dead end. Of course, the robot shouldn’t get paralysed in such cases; it should move toward the target and give up only when one such state is not only possible but certain. However, contingent planning doesn’t help in obtaining such behavior, and neither does the introduction of probabilities. A belief state where a dead-end state is possible is itself a dead-end, and both its worst case cost and its expected cost are infinite. One option in such cases is to find contingent plans or policies that maximize ’coverage’, i.e. the set of possible states for which the solution works. This is the approach that we take in this paper, where we extend a recent action-selection mechanism for contingent planning, that uses a translation into classical planning, to work in such settings. We show that such scenarios are common and that the proposed mechanism has other applications as well. In particular, it can be used to deal with dead-end beliefs that do not contain dead-end states, and to generate meaningful, goal-oriented behavior in solvable but complex contingent settings where state-of-the-art contingent planners fail.
The MCART Consortium Animal Model Series: MCART Animal Model Refinement and MCM Development: Defining organ dose, organ-specific tissue imaging, model validation and the natural history between the acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE).

THE MCART (Medical Countermeasures Against Radiological Threats) Consortium, funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), is focused on the development of medical countermeasures (MCM) against the acute radiation syndrom (ARS) and the delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE). MCART developed an animal model research platform and research protocols focused on assessing MCM efficacy that adhere to the criteria of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) “animal rule. ”The requisite design, development, and validation of well-characterized animal models are paramount to defining MCM efficacy and a pathway to FDA licensure (MacVittie 2012, 2014; USFDA 2014a). The initial animal model research platform was based on the development of laboratory models focused on organ-specific damage characteristic of the ARS; e.g., the hematopoietic (H) and gastrointestinal (GI)-ARS and the DEARE, as characterized primarily by lung injury (LungDEARE). The basic models used total-body irradiation (TBI) and whole thorax lung irradiation (WTLI). The subsyndromes, Hand GI-ARS and lung-DEARE, were defined by organ-specific dose response relationships (DRR) that provided respective LD50 (lethal dose to 50% of the population) values and slopes that defined the sensitive relationship between accurate and consistent delivery of midline tissue dose and mortality.
Fluid inclusion geobarometry from ejected Mt . Somma-Vesuvius nodules

The Mt. Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Naples, Italy), part of the Italian-Tyrrhenian volcanic province, has erupted lavas and tephra that are silica-undersaturated and unusually potassium-rich. Ejected nodules, usually related to explosive activity, have been subdivided into four varieties: cumulate, "skarn," hornfels, and hypabyssal ava equivalents. The results of a microthermometric study of fluid inclusions from seven cumulate and three "skarn" nodules collected from the pyroclastics ofthree non-Plinian eruptive episodes are presented in this paper. Two primary inclusion types, formed by trapping of immiscible fluids, are commonly present: silicate melt (now glass in part crystallized to various daughter mineral(s) plus a shrinkage bubble) and essentially pure CO, (now liquid and vapor) + glass. Three inclusions in one nodule (N81) contain water in addition to CO, and glass. The homogentzation temperature (Th) of two-phase CO2 inclusions was determined with a crnxuncn stage and used to derive the trapping density. In the seven cumulate nodules the CO, inclusion density ranged from 0.32 to 0.60 g/cm3; those in the three "skarn" nodules ranged from 0.31 to 0.72 glcm3. Th of silicate melt inclusions, determined using a rurz 1350 stage, averaged 1200"C in cumulate and 1000'C in "skarn" nodules. CO, inclusion densities plus calculated P-V-T data on CO, at 1200" or 10(n'C provide an estimate, with certain limitations, of the pressure during silicate melt and CO, inclusion trapping. These estimates range from 1200 to 3050 bars for seven cumulate nodules and from -925 to 3550 bars for the three "skarn" nodules. Assuming a density of 23 glcmx for the magma column, the depth of trapping of both CO, and silicate melt inclusions was -4.5 to -11.0 km for the seven cumulate and 3.5 to 13.0 km for the three "skarn" nodules. Based on the presence of primary silicate-melt inclusions, both the cumulate and "skarn" nodules appcar to have crystallized from a silicate melt. Two types of silicate-melt inclusions can be distinguished in the "skarn" nodules based on quenching behavior after homogenization; one quenches to glass, and the other readily crystallizes on quench. These two types suggest that melts of different composition were present in the "skarn" nodule environment. Cumulate and "skarn" nodules appear to be crystallization products from a silicate melt containing an emulsion of supercritical CO, globules. Most nodules contain CO, inclusions with a narrow density range but three nodules (N30, N13, N45) contain CO, inclusions that have an inexplicable bimodal distribution and wide density range. 0003-o04x/85/0304-{288$02.00 28E BELKIN ET AL.: FLUID INCLUSION GEOBAROMETRY. Mt. SOMMA-VESUVIUS 289
Annotation: textual media for cooperation

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A VLSI On-Chip Analog High-Order Low-Pass Filter Performance Evaluation Strategy

This paper presents a strategy for evaluation of an analog high-order low-pass filter. In the proposed strategy, the evaluation procedure is divided into three modes, first, to estimate the passband characteristic, second, to estimate the stopband characteristic, and finally, to evaluate the performance of the analog filter by the analysis of the relationship between the attenuations at the passband and stopband. The proposed strategy is investigated to quantify the tradeoffs between the evaluation accuracy and hardware cost, estimate the probability of having a specification-passed device, and estimate the evaluation time. The evaluated result is related to a “ratio” rather than a “specific value. ” This is an interesting and advantageous feature of the proposed strategy. Hardware reusability makes the proposed strategy practicable and possible. The experimental verification of the proposed strategy demonstrates the functionality, effectiveness, and feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Regulation of task partitioning by a ‘ ‘ common stomach ’ ’ : a model of nest construction in social wasps

Metapolybia wasps construct their nests on flat surfaces using plant materials, which they process into paper. For processing the pulp wasps need water, which is collected by water foragers, and it is transferred to pulp foragers indirectly via a ‘‘common stomach. ’’ The common stomach is formed by generalist wasps that can engage in water exchange and can store water in their crops. Our goal is to provide an alternative model for regulating task partitioning in construction behavior, focusing on worker connectivity instead of using threshold curves to model mechanisms of colony-level regulation. We propose that the existence of an information center and of a network of worker interactions, which establish sets of positive and negative feedbacks, allow collective regulation of colony-wide behaviors. Using a Stock and Flow modeling framework, we illustrate that the common stomach could serve both as a temporal storage for water and also as a source of information about the colony’s current demands related to nest construction tasks. Our model predicts that assessing colony needs via individual interactions with the common stomach leads to a robust regulation of task partitioning in construction behavior. Using perturbation experiments in our simulations, we show that this emergent task allocation is able to dynamically adapt to perturbations of the environment and to changes in colony-level demands or population structure. Our model closely mimics and predicts the behavior of Metapolybia wasps, demonstrating that the regulation mechanism based on worker connectivity through a common stomach is a plausible hypothesis for the organization of collective behavior.
A DNS database to improve atomization modeling

Recent advances in interface tracking method allows us to use them as a tool to study primary atomization. Some recent works have performed accurate Direct Numerical Simulation of turbulent liquid jets which are very promising. Unfortunately, these simulations have shown that, even with a high resolved DNS of 6 billions points [1], the finest scales of the flow are not resolved. This issue shows that subgrid models are necessary to modelize the physics under this particular scale. In order to improve modeling, it is useful to study simpler configurations which allows us to solve all relevant scales of the flow. In single-phase flows, DNS of Homogeneous I sotropic Turbulence (HIT) is still used to study scalar mixing and the Kolmogorov theory. Extension of this configuration to two-phase flows to characterize important processes (for example turbulence/interface inte ractions, vaporization) is emerging in recent DNS studies. The aim of this work is to pursue these studies by analyzing the interface behaviour of two-phase flows in a forced HIT. This analysis is performed over a large range of liquid volume fractions. From these results we can extract useful informations in order to improve modeling of primary atomization. Both phase are resolved in DNS, the interface tracking method used is a coupled Level Set/VOF method. High density ratio between the two phases is chosen to simulate realistic engine conditions. Quantitative and qualitative aspects are analyzed, with a main focus on interfacial quantities (equilibrium interface density and Weber number), which are key parameters for primary atomization modeling.
Quality of Life: Young People's Interpretation of the Concept

The purpose of this study was to examine how young individuals interpret the quality of life concept and to describe some aspects of health promotion. The present study was conducted in September, 2001. One hundred and twenty-six young individuals (119 females and 7 males) answered the question «What does Quality of Life mean to you? » after visiting an adolescent health centre for young people in Sweden. The data collection consisted of written accounts (from 126 informants), which were transcribed and formed as a whole. The content analysis method was used when analysing the qualitative data. Farquhar's taxonomy was used as a framework for organizing the different categories. Ten categories were presented under four main types: global definitions- well-being and happiness; focused definitions- love and development; combination definitions- respect and friendship and component definitions- education, occupation, economy and sense of security. The findings illustrate the most important perceptions of young people regarding the quality of life concept (see fig 1). Nurses can help these young individuals by providing support and guidance when they choose to discuss their problems, and by doing so, can help to prevent future health problems.
Influence of the surface free energy on the parameters of pellets

I. Tüske Zsófia: Diclofenac-Na tartalmú pelletek el őállítása és vizsgálata. Tudományos Diákköri Konferencia, Szeged, 2001, február 15-17. II. Tüske Zsófia: Diclofenac-Na tartalmú pelletek el őállítása és vizsgálata. XXV. Országos Tudományos Diákköri Konferencia, Pécs, 2001, április 4-7. III. Tüske Zsófia: A felületi energia szerepének tanulmányozása a pe lletkészítés során. VI. Clauder Ottó Emlékverseny, Budapest, 2002. szeptember 26-28. IV. Bajdik János, Hódi Klára, Tüske Zsófia, Erős István: Felületi jelenségek szerepe a porok feldolgozásában. XIV. Országos Gyógyszertechnológia i Konferencia, Héviz, 2002. november 8-10. V. Kása Péter, Tüske Zsófia, Hódi Klára, Er ős István: Összetétel és készítési paraméterek befol yása a pelletkészítésben. XIV. Országos Gyógyszertechnológ iai Konferencia, Héviz, 2002. november 8-10. VI. Tüske Zsófia, Hódi Klára, Bajdik János, Er ős István, Sr čič Stane: Az adhézió és a felületi energia szerepe a szilárd gyógyszerformák formulálása során . XIV. Országos Gyógyszertechnológiai Konferencia, Héviz, 2002. november 8-10.
Introducing Trainees to Medical Education Activities and Opportunities for Educational Scholarship

Introduction The growth of medical schools, faculty attrition, and reports of student disinterest in academia all stress the need to cultivate the next generation of academic physicians. Because medical educators serve as the largest segment of faculty, heightening diverse students’ awareness of opportunities to engage in various educational roles and scholarship may help them consider future academic positions. Methods We implemented a workshop utilizing didactics and a small-group case discussion to help students learn how to (1) define educational scholarship and portfolios, (2) recognize the value of educational scholarship, and (3) identify how to get started with educational scholarship. Results One hundred and fifty-six learners participated in the workshop at 11 regional conferences. Of learners from conferences 1–6, 100% (69/69) responded to the statement “The workshop INCREASED my confidence in achieving the following - Performing educational scholarship. ” Among these learners, 39 (56.5%) strongly agreed and 20 (29.0%) agreed with this statement. Of learners from conferences 7–11, 98.9% (86/87) responded to the question “How much confidence do you have in your ability to succeed along a clinician-educator track and publish your education-related work? ” Using a paired-samples t test, a statistically significant increase in learner confidence was noted (p < .01) before and after the workshop. Discussion Diverse learners appreciated a heightened awareness of educational roles and scholarship, which may help them gain confidence, interest, and experience in becoming future medical educators.
Effect of dietary estradiol-17? on growth performance, body composition and blood indices in Stellate sturgeon, Acipenser stellatus

This study was investigated the effects of dietary estradiol-17? (E2) on growth, body composition and blood indices in Acipenser stellatus. Fish (40.9 ? 1.1 g average initial weight; n = 60 per group) were fed with three different diets containing 0 (control), 25 and 50 mg kg-1 dietary estradiol contents to apparent satiation for seven months. The results suggested that growth rate were decreased as the E2 level was increased. No significant difference was observed in condition factor among dietary treatments. The highest survival rate was observed in fish fed control diet, but was not significantly different among the treatments (P>0.05). Body composition did not show significant changes among dietary treatments. Number of white blood cells and red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit values were significantly decreased as the E2 levels were raised (P
Text, Context, Pretext : Critical Issues in Discourse Analysis

Preface. 1. Text and discourse. 2. Text and grammar. 3. Context. 4. Context and Co--text. 5. Pretext. 6. Critical discourse analysis. 7. Text and corpus analysis. 8. Analysis and interpretation. 9. Approach and method. 10. Conclusion. References. Index of names. Index of subjects.
Applying Generalizability Theory using EduG

Introduction. 1. What is Generalizability Theory? 2. Generalizability Theory: Concepts and Principles. 3. Using EduG: The Generalizability Theory Software. 4. Applications to the Behavioral and Social Sciences. 5. Practice Exercises. 6. Current Developments and Future Possibilities. Appendixes.