Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of FLC MPPT techniques and HC MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems

This study aims to examine the behaviour of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods used with PV systems. The methodologies of hill climbing (HC) and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) are assessed in this paper. PV module and DC/DC boost converter models were simulated using PSIM and Simulink software with various MPPT strategies. The PSIM and Simulink software programmes were founder throughout the FLC MPPT method’s development. To employ each software for specific system components, the co-simulation was conducted. The effectiveness of the various MPPT approaches was assessed in response to rapidly varying weather conditions. The results show that for most of the tested MPPT approaches’ usual working ranges, FLC outperforms the HC MPPT approach in transient behavior and constant.
Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy Following Acute Primary Angle Closure and Acute Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

Purpose To report the prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors for paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) following acute primary angle closure (APAC) and acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG). Methods This retrospective study consecutively recruited patients diagnosed with APAC or APACG. Based on the spectral domain optical coherence tomography characteristics, PAMM eyes were divided into three stages. Characteristics of different stages such as the time from symptoms to treatment (TST), retinal thickness and BCVA improvement were analyzed. The risk factors of PAMM were evaluated by binary logistic regression models. Results A total of 781 eyes of 781 APAC or APACG patients were included, and PAMM was found in 22 (2.9%) of them. Stage III eyes had a significantly longer TST than stage I eyes (P = 0.008) while exhibiting significantly thinner retinal thicknesses (P < 0.0001). The BCVA improvement was significantly worse in the eyes treated in stage III than in those treated in stage I (P = 0.008). Older age, longer axial length and without type 2 diabetes were associated with a lower risk of incident PAMM (OR = 0.95, P = 0.028; OR = 0.52, P = 0.019; OR = 3.92, P = 0.022). Conclusion PAMM can be secondary to APAC or APACG at a rate of 2.9%. Different visual outcomes were observed in patients who received the intervention at different stages of PAMM. Younger patients with a shorter axial length and type 2 diabetes were found to be more susceptible to PAMM.
Regional Spatial Variation in Aboveground Biomass, Forest Structure and Species Composition of Bolivian Tropical Dry Forests: A Remote Sensing and Field-Based Analysis

Tropical forest deforestation is a major source of global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Consequently, preventing deforestation via REDD+ has lately gained much attention. In Bolivia, Fundacion Natura Bolivia has set up local forest conservation schemes in the ANMI RG-VC area, which could be used for future application towards REDD+. However, regional baseline maps of biomass distributions are much required for this. The ANMI RG-VC area is a topographically and ecologically heterogeneous terrain at Bolivia’s Andes-to-Amazon transition zone. Its vegetation can largely be characterized as tropical dry forest, but aboveground biomass (AGB), forest structure and species composition are known to show large spatial variation. Hence, the research question of this research was: What is the influence of environmental factors on regional AGB estimates for avoided deforestation projects in the tropical dry forests of the ANMI RG-VC, and how is this related to forest structure and species composition? This was addressed by setting up a factorial stratified sampling design across two factors: forest type class and elevation. Forest type class was defined as a combination of one of the main ecoregions (Tucuman-Bolivian forest, Inter-Andean Dry forest and Chaco Serrano) with a forest cover classification (evergreen or deciduous forest). 21 0.1 ha (20x50m) forest plots were installed across 8 sites for measurements of AGB, forest structure and species composition. Methodological choices were addressed by analysing the effect of allometric equations, plot size and lower DBH limits. Landscape variability was assessed via multivariate ordination and regression analyses. It was found that forest cover type did not cause any significant differences in AGB. Hence, spatial variations in AGB were assessed at ecoregion and ecosystem level only. This resulted in an estimated 108 or 101 Mt AGB for the entire region, or on average 179 and 166 t/ha of forest, respectively. The allometric equation by Brown (1997) was found to be the most reliable, while plot size or lower DBH limit did not significantly affect the results. AGB was found to be unrelated to elevation, but strongly related to drought stress (between ecoregions), or climatic water deficit (within Tucuman-Bolivian forest). Species composition between ecoregions was related to drought stress as well, but within Tucuman-Bolivian forest, elevation turned out to be the strongest predictor variable. Hence, a differential environmental effect on AGB and species composition was found for this ecoregion. It is thought that this is because stem density and basal area mediate the effect of species composition on biomass.
Enhancing Retinal Disease Classification with Dual Scale Twin Vision Transformers using OCT Imaging

Retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has become a valuable tool in diagnosing and monitoring retinal diseases. Recent advancements in vision transformers have demonstrated impressive performance in image classification tasks. This research article presents a novel approach, named Dual Scale Twin Vision Transformer (DST-ViT), for retinal disease classification using OCT images.DST-ViT combines the advantages of dual-scale representation learning and the Twin transformer architecture to improve disease classification accuracy. By leveraging dual-scale input OCT images, DST-ViT effectively captures fine-grained details and global contextual information simultaneously, enhancing classification performance. With an outstanding average accuracy of 99.92%, DST-ViT surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods.This research contributes to the growing understanding of ViT and their application in retinal disease classification. The promising results achieved by DST-ViT open possibilities for improved diagnosis and treatment planning in the field of ophthalmology.
An Innovation Ecosystem Game Study: The Role of Noncontractual Mechanisms

Innovation ecosystem management is now a new paradigm in innovation management research. Innovation ecosystems are dynamic innovation alliances based on noncontractual governance. In this paper, a traditional cooperative innovation game model and a cooperative innovation game model with noncontractual mechanism are developed and compared. The results show that the cooperation formed only by contractual mechanisms’ model is unstable and the system is likely to collapse. The noncontractual mechanism can be used as a supplement to the contractual mechanism to make the game develop towards a stable “cooperation-cooperation” state. The research conclusion of this paper will make the core companies in the innovation ecosystem realize the important role of noncontractual mechanism and help them make decisions.
Trends in indices for extremes in daily temperature and precipitation in central and western Europe, 1901–99

We analyse 20th century trends in six indices for precipitation extremes and four indices for temperature extremes, calculated from daily observational data for European stations. The indices chosen reflect rather moderate extremes. Most of the ∼80 stations used are situated in central and western Europe; therefore, results mainly refer to this region. Trends are calculated over 1901–99, 1921–99, 1901–50 and 1946–99. Two different trend estimators are used, and significance is assessed with a bootstrap technique. We find that: Significant increasing precipitation trends over the 20th century dominate in winter for both average precipitation intensity and moderately strong events. Simultaneously, the length of dry spells generally increased insignificantly. There are few significant trends of any sign for precipitation indices in summer, but there are insignificant drying trends over Scandinavia and wetting trends over central and western Europe for 1921–99. The length of dry spells in summer generally increased insignificantly. Both the warm and cold tails of the temperature distribution in winter warmed over the entire 20th century. Notably low values in the cold tail for daily Tmax and Tmin occurred in the early 1940s, leading to strong but insignificant negative trends for 1901–50, whereas little change occurred before 1940. Warming of winters during 1946–99 occurred in both the warm and cold tails for both Tmax and Tmin, with the largest warming in the cold tail for Tmin. The warm tail of daily Tmin (and to a smaller extent Tmax) in summer warmed significantly during the past century. There is more evidence for summer warming in the first half of the century compared with the second half. During 1946–99, the warm tail of daily Tmax in summer was generally warming while the cold tail was cooling (both insignificantly). More digitized daily observational data from various European sub‐regions are needed to permit a spatially more extensive analysis of changes in climate extremes over the last century. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Detection of scatterers using an XFEM-BEM level set solver based on the topological derivative

A numerical method is proposed for the solution of the inverse scattering problem. This problem consists of determining the location and shape of an unknown number of inclusions composed by a homogeneous material with known mechanical properties different that those of the surrounding medium. The information available to solve the inverse problem are measurements of the fundamental mechanical magnitude of the wave propagation problem. At the boundary of the scatterers, transmission conditions depending on the material properties are considered. For the solution of the forward problem, a coupled extended finite element method (XFEM)-boundary element method (BEM) is proposed, where the XFEM is used for the bounded region where the scatterers are supposed to be located, and the BEM is used for the exterior domain. The inverse problem is formulated as a topology optimization problem, and solved by means of a heuristic algorithm based on the topological derivative and a level set representation of the scatterers.
A Study on Analysis of Wheel Characteristics Using Amphibious Toys

In recent years, amphibious robots have become one of the research hotspots and have great research value because of their unique advantages of strong environmental adaptability and broad application prospects. This paper was conducted as a basic research to develop an amphibious robot. Experiments were conducted using toys to develop wheel types that can be driven in various environments. Specifically, merits and drawbacks of some selected representative robots are outlined. The evaluation index was selected to evaluate while ignoring the effects of other toy specifications. In addition, a test bed was established and the selected evaluation index was evaluated and verified.
Improving the Reliability of Short Packet Communications in VLC Systems

In this paper, we propose a solution to improve the reliability of the SPC in VLC system via concatenating the messages of each pair of users in the downlink and power allocation. The codeword of concatenated message is spread over frequency and power domains according to the OMANOMA technique to satisfy the stringent latency constraints under limited system resources. The proposed solution is validated via normal approximation (NA) results, which demonstrate superior performance compared with existing solutions.
Efficient Dictionary and Grid-Based Framework for Answering Durable k-Nearest Neighbor Queries on Time Series Data

With the massive amount of data generated, a data engineering method is needed to process the data to obtain new information, which can later be used for further understanding and business decisions. One of the data processing methods is the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) query. The k-NN queries aim to identify k-objects with the shortest distance based on object references over the network. However, a critical limitation of the k-NN query lies in its inability to process a query when an object has proximity durability to a reference object at a particular time interval. This limitation arises since the k-NN query does not consider the durability and time interval variables in its calculation algorithm.This article discusses the problem of time interval-based durable k-NN queries on time series data by introducing the algorithmic framework and employing dictionary and grid data structure to process these queries. The proposed algorithm, which is a dictionary and grid-based durable k-NN queries method, incorporates parallel computing techniques to efficiently search for a collection of k objects that exhibit durability in their proximity to a reference object within a predefined time interval. The effectiveness and efficiency of the devised algorithms were assessed through extensive testing using both real-world and synthetic datasets.
Recent advances of colloidal quantum dots in a physical perspective

In quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures, electrons show unique behaviors compared to bulk solids, which endows materials with tunable physicochemical and photoelectric properties. Zero-dimensional semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) provide intense light absorption and strong narrowband emission at visible and infrared bands, and have been employed to exhibit optical gain and lasing. These properties are beneficial for different application. Here, we provide a review in the synthesis and understanding of unique properties of colloidal QDs, and discuss their applications in display, lasers, sensing and solar energy conversion.
Supply and Demand and the Term Structure of Interest Rates

We survey the growing literature emphasizing the role that supply-and-demand forces play in shaping the term structure of interest rates. Our starting point is the Vayanos and Vila (2009, 2021) model of the term structure of default-free bond yields, which we present in both discrete and continuous time. The key friction in the model is that the bond market is partially segmented from other financial markets: the prices of short-rate and bond supply risk are set by specialized bond arbitrageurs who must absorb shocks to the supply and demand for bonds from other “preferred-habitat” agents. We discuss extensions of this model in the context of default-free bonds and other asset classes.
A TSA-Based Haptic Display with a Rhombus Structure for Rendering Linearized High Force

The Rhombic TSA-based Haptic Device (RTHD) is a novel parallel structure haptic device that combines a twisted string actuator (TSA) with a linearization mechanism. The RTHD consists of a simple mechanism that can render high linearized forces in the Y-direction throughout the workspace. The kinematic analysis demonstrates the advantages of the RTHD; simulation results compare the RTHD's renderable end-effector force and velocity profiles to a capstan-pulley-based pantograph-type haptic device.
Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Potential of Essential Oils in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

Since the earliest times, essential oils (EOs) have been utilized for medicinal and traditional purposes. However, in recent decades, an increasing interest has developed due to the need to rediscover herbal remedies and adjuvant therapies for the management of various diseases, particularly chronic ones. The present narrative review examines the potential for EOs to exert hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects in diabetes mellitus, analyzing the main publications having evaluated plant species with potentially beneficial effects through their phytocompounds in diabetes mellitus and its complications. Numerous species have shown promising characteristics that can be used in diabetes management. The hypoglycemic effects of these EOs are attributed to their capacity to stimulate glucose uptake, suppress glucose production, and increase insulin sensitivity. Moreover, EOs can alleviate the oxidative stress by manifesting their antioxidant effects via a variety of mechanisms, including the scavenging of free radicals, the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and the decreasing of lipid peroxidation, due to their diverse chemical composition. These findings demonstrate the possible benefits of EOs as adjuvant therapeutic agents in the management of diabetes and its complications. The use of EOs in the treatment of diabetes shows good potential for the development of natural and effective strategies to enhance the health outcomes of people with this chronic condition, but additional experimental endorsements are required.
Centennial-scale lake-level lowstand at Lake Uddelermeer (The Netherlands) indicates changes in moisture source region prior to the 2.8-kyr event

The Uddelermeer is a unique lake for The Netherlands, containing a sediment record that continuously registered environmental and climatic change from the late Pleistocene on to the present. A 15.6-m-long sediment record was retrieved from the deepest part of the sedimentary basin and an age–depth model was developed using radiocarbon dating, 210Pb dating, and Bayesian modeling. Lake-level change was reconstructed using a novel combination of high-resolution palaeoecological proxies (e.g. pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, chironomids), quantitative determinations of lake-level change (ground-penetrating radar), and estimates of changes in precipitation (lipid biomarker stable isotopes). We conclude that lake levels were at least as high as present-day water levels from the late glacial to 3150 cal. yr BP, with the exception of at least one lake-level lowstand during the Preboreal period. Lake levels were ca. 2.5 m lower than at present between 3150 and 2800 cal. yr BP, which might have been the result of a change in moisture source region prior to the so-called 2.8-kyr event. Increasing precipitation amounts around 2800 cal. yr BP resulted in a lake-level rise of about 3.5–4 m to levels that were 1–1.5 m higher than at present, in line with increased precipitation levels as inferred for the 2.8-kyr event from nearby raised bog areas as well as with reconstructions of higher lake levels in the French Alps, all of which have been previously attributed to a phase of decreased solar activity. Lake levels decreased to their present level only during recent times, although the exact timing of the drop in lake levels is unclear.
Enhancing Defect Diagnosis and Localization in Wafer Map Testing Through Weakly Supervised Learning

Defect diagnosis and localization in wafer maps are crucial tasks in semiconductor manufacturing. Existing deep learning methods often require pixel-level annotations, making them impractical for large-scale deployment. In this paper, we propose a novel weakly supervised learning approach to achieving high-precision defect identification and effective localization with only image-level labels. By leveraging the information of defect types and locations, we introduce a weighted fusion of activation maps, called Class Activation Map (CAM), to highlight classspecific regions. We further enhance defect localization accuracy and completeness by employing optimized region growing operations to eliminate noise in defect regions. Moreover, we present an optimized inference method that provides meaningful visual explanations for defect recognition. Experimental results on real-world wafer map images demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately segmenting defect patterns with no pixel-level annotations. By training the model solely on wafer map image classification labels, our proposed model significantly improves defect recognition, facilitating efficient defect analysis in semiconductor manufacturing. The proposed weakly supervised learning approach offers a practical solution for defect diagnosis and localization, with the potential of widespread adoption in the semiconductor industry.
Reinforcement Learning Approach to Velocity and Position Control of Metro Trains

Velocity and position control for metro trains is typically achieved by classical control methods (PID, etc). Challenges in this control problem include imprecise position sensing, time delay, and external disturbances due to weight changes, curves, and slopes of the rails. In order to achieve acceptable stop position of the trains at each station, the controller design often involves individual gain tuning for each sections in the route, which consumes much time and effort. As a means to reduce the effort, reinforcement learning approach is looked into for train control. Automatic Train Operation (ATO) simulator capable of realistic simulation of train dynamics along the Line 5 in Seoul Metro is used to investigate the feasibility of this approach. Results are discussed from the perspective of practicality.
Mental Health Disorders in Students University as a Challenge in Higher Education Era Society 5.0

Mental health disorders in students universities can make students uncomfortable living their daily lives. Mental health disorders will also impact the lectures attended by students. Students who experience mental health disorders tend to be uncomfortable and confused in attending lectures it will impact the low learning outcomes obtained by students. Counseling services in tertiary institutions play an important role in helping students deal with mental health disorders. This type of research is quantitative research with descriptive methods. The purpose of this study was to describe mental health disorders experienced by students in West Sumatra Province throughout 2023. The data used in this study were individual counseling results report data at Universitas Negeri Padang counseling center throughout 2023. The data analysis technique used in this study was descriptive statistical analysis. The results of this study showed that of the 26 students who received counseling services, 1 (3.84%) experienced hopelessness in life, 2 (7.69%) experienced anti-social, 15 (57.70%) experienced academic stress, 5 (19.23%) experienced academic anxiety, and three students (11.54%) experienced excessive anxiety about the future. This study also describes the procedures for counseling services in tertiary institutions in dealing with students' mental health disorders.
Impact of Ga and N Vacancies at the GaN m -Plane on the Carrier Dynamics of Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes

Micro-light-emitting diodes ( µ LEDs) based on GaN are a key component for next-generation displays, but serious surface e - h recombination deteriorates the device eﬃciency. To gain microscopic insights into the surface recombination, we use hybrid functional ﬁrst-principles calculations to investigate Ga ( V Ga ) and N ( V N ) vacancies on the GaN m plane that can be created considerably during the production of one-dimensional GaN structures. We ﬁnd that the surface V Ga is not critical for nonradiative Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination in light of the large formation energy ( > 2 eV) and its shallow levels. In contrast, the surface V N exhibits a low formation energy ( < 2 eV) and develops a deep defect state near the midgap, indicating the possibility of becoming useful SRH recombination centers. By constructing conﬁguration-coordinate diagrams, we demonstrate that the energy barriers for electron and hole capture on the surface V N are small enough to cause signiﬁcant capture coeﬃcients due to strong electron-phonon coupling. DOI