Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acceptability and Feasibility of Wearable Transdermal Alcohol Sensors: Systematic Review

Background Transdermal alcohol sensors (TASs) have the potential to be used to monitor alcohol consumption objectively and continuously. These devices can provide real-time feedback to the user, researcher, or health professional and measure alcohol consumption and peaks of use, thereby addressing some of the limitations of the current methods, including breathalyzers and self-reports. Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of the currently available TAS devices. Methods A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus bibliographic databases in February 2021. Two members of our study team independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The study’s methodological quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The primary outcome was TAS acceptability. The secondary outcome was feasibility. The data are presented as a narrative synthesis. Results We identified and analyzed 22 studies. Study designs included laboratory- and ambulatory-based studies, mixed designs, randomized controlled trials, and focus groups, and the length the device was worn ranged from days to weeks. Although views on TASs were generally positive with high compliance, some factors were indicated as potential barriers and there are suggestions to overcome these. Conclusions There is a lack of research investigating the acceptability and feasibility of TAS devices as a tool to monitor alcohol consumption in clinical and nonclinical populations. Although preliminary evidence suggests their potential in short-term laboratory-based studies with volunteers, more research is needed to establish long-term daily use with other populations, specifically, in the clinical and the criminal justice system. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42021231027; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=231027
EUV FLICKERING OF SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS: A NEW DIAGNOSTIC OF CORONAL HEATING

A previous work of ours found the best agreement between EUV light curves observed in an active region core (with evidence of super-hot plasma) and those predicted from a model with a random combination of many pulse-heated strands with a power-law energy distribution. We extend that work by including spatially resolved strand modeling and by studying the evolution of emission along the loops in the EUV 94 Å and 335 Å channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Using the best parameters of the previous work as the input of the present one, we find that the amplitude of the random fluctuations driven by the random heat pulses increases from the bottom to the top of the loop in the 94 Å channel and from the top to the bottom in the 335 Å channel. This prediction is confirmed by the observation of a set of aligned neighboring pixels along a bright arc of an active region core. Maps of pixel fluctuations may therefore provide easy diagnostics of nanoflaring regions.
Effects of particles on spinodal decomposition: A Phase field study

In this thesis, we study the interplay of phase separation and wetting in multicomponent systems. For this purpose, we have examined the phase separation pattern of a binary mixture (AB) in presence of stationary spherical particles (C) which prefers one of the components of the binary (say, A). Binary AB is composed of critical composition(50:50) and off-critical compositions(60:40, 40:60). Particle sizes of 8 units and 16 units are used in the simulations. Two types of particle loading are used, 5\% and 10\%. We have employed a ternary form of Cahn-Hilliard equation to incorporate immobile fillers in our system. To elucidate the effect of wetting on phase separation we have designed three sets of $\chi_{ij}$ and $\kappa_{ij}$ to include the effects of neutral preference, weak preference and strong preference of the particle for one of the binary components. If the particles are preferentially wetted by one of the components then early stage microstructures show transient concentric alternate layers of preferred and non-preferred phases around the particles. When particles are neutral to binary components then such a ring pattern does not form. At late times, neutral preference between particles and binary components yields a continuous morphology whereas preferential wetting produces isolated domains of non-preferred phases dispersed in a continuous matrix of preferred phase. For off-critical compositions, if minor component wets the particle then a bicontinuous morphology results whereas if major component wets the network a droplet morphology is seen. When majority component wets the particle, a possibility of double phase separation is reported. In such alloys phase separation starts near the particle surface and propagates to the bulk at intermediate to late times forming spherical or nearly spherical droplets of the minor component.
Using artificial neural networks to constrain the halo baryon fraction during reionization

Radiative feedback from stars and galaxies has been proposed as a potential solution to many of the tensions with simplistic galaxy formation models based on Λcold dark matter, such as the faint end of the ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function. The total energy budget of radiation could exceed that of galactic winds and supernovae combined, which has driven the development of sophisticated algorithms that evolve both the radiation field and the hydrodynamical response of gas simultaneously, in a cosmological context. We probe self-feedback on galactic scales using the adaptive mesh refinement, radiative transfer, hydrodynamics, and N-body code ramses-rt. Unlike previous studies which assume a homogeneous UV background, we self-consistently evolve both the radiation field and gas to constrain the halo baryon fraction during cosmic reionization. We demonstrate that the characteristic halo mass with mean baryon fraction half the cosmic mean, Mc(z), shows very little variation as a function of mass-weighted ionization fraction. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion of metal cooling and the ability to resolve scales small enough for self-shielding to become efficient leads to a significant drop in Mc when compared to recent studies. Finally, we develop an artificial neural network that is capable of predicting the baryon fraction of haloes based on recent tidal interactions, gas temperature, and mass-weighted ionization fraction. Such a model can be applied to any reionization history, and trivially incorporated into semi-analytical models of galaxy formation.
Direct detection of WIMPs: implications of a self-consistent truncated isothermal model of the Milky Way's dark matter halo

Direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) candidates of Dark Matter (DM) is studied within the context of a self-consistent truncated isothermal model of the finite-size dark halo of the Galaxy. The halo model, based on the ``King model'' of the phase space distribution function of collisionless DM particles, takes into account the modifications of the phase-space structure of the halo due to the gravitational influence of the observed visible matter in a self-consistent manner. The parameters of the halo model are determined by a fit to a recently determined circular rotation curve of the Galaxy that extends up to ~ 60 kpc. Unlike in the Standard Halo Model (SHM) customarily used in the analysis of the results of WIMP direct detection experiments, the velocity distribution of the WIMPs in our model is non-Maxwellian with a cut-off at a maximum velocity that is self-consistently determined by the model itself. For our halo model that provides the best fit to the rotation curve data, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section from the recent results of the CDMS-II experiment, for example, is ~ 5.3 × 10−8 pb at a WIMP mass of ~ 71 GeV. We also find, using the original 2-bin annual modulation amplitude data on the nuclear recoil event rate seen in the DAMA experiment, that there exists a range of small WIMP masses, typically ~ 2–16 GeV, within which DAMA collaboration's claimed annual modulation signal purportedly due to WIMPs is compatible with the null results of other experiments. These results, based as they are on a self-consistent model of the dark matter halo of the Galaxy, strengthen the possibility of low-mass (10 GeV) WIMPs as a candidate for dark matter as indicated by several earlier studies performed within the context of the SHM. A more rigorous analysis using DAMA bins over smaller intervals should be able to better constrain the ``DAMA regions'' in the WIMP parameter space within the context of our model.
The ATLAS-SPT Radio Survey of Cluster Galaxies

Using a high-performance computing cluster to mosaic 4,787 pointings, we have imaged the 100 sq. deg. South Pole Telescope (SPT) deep-field at 2.1 GHz using the Australian Telescope Compact Array to an rms of 80 $\mu$Jy and a resolution of 8". Our goal is to generate an independent sample of radio-selected galaxy clusters to study how the radio properties compare with cluster properties at other wavelengths, over a wide range of redshifts in order to construct a timeline of their evolution out to $z \sim 1.3$. A preliminary analysis of the source catalogue suggests there is no spatial correlation between the clusters identified in the SPT-SZ catalogue and our wide-angle tail galaxies.
Note on triangle anomaly with improved momentum cutoff

A Lorentz and gauge symmetry preserving regularization method has been proposed recently in 4 dimension based on Euclidean momentum cutoff. It is shown that the triangle anomaly can be calculated unambiguously with this new improved cutoff. The anticommutator of \gamma^{5} and \gamma^{\mu} multiplied by five gamma is proportional to terms that do not vanish under a divergent loop-momentum integral, but cancel otherwise.
1328 A novel humanized T cell-engaging CD24xCD3 bispecific antibody for CD24-positive solid tumors

Background CD24 is a small, heavily-glycosylated glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. 1 It is overex-pressed in a variety of adult solid tumors, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers, as well as pediatric cancers such as neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT). 2 In normal tissue, CD24 is expressed transiently during development but is largely absent from mature, differentiated cells. 1 Functionally, CD24 serves as a “ don ’ t eat me ” signal to macrophages, binding to Siglec-10 and preventing phagocytosis. 3 It is known as a marker of cancer cell stemness and dysregulates numerous signaling path-ways involved in proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. 4 The presence of CD24 has been strongly correlated to poor clinical outcome for multiple tumor types. 4-7 For these reasons, CD24 is a strong candidate for targeting with T cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). Methods We used immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on patient specimens and flow cytometry on cancer cell lines to evaluate CD24 expression in a variety of tumor types. We then generated a panel of CD24xCD3 BsAbs of different for-mats including a humanized IgG-[L]-scFv BsAb and assessed purity and stability using high-performance liquid chromatog-raphy. To evaluate the ability of the BsAbs to engage T cells against CD24-expressing tumor cell lines, we performed stand-ard chromium release assays. We used immunocompromised mice bearing luciferase-transduced intraperitoneal xenografts to test the ability of the BsAbs to redirect T cells to CD24-expressing
Dark bogolon-excitons in a linear atomic super-lattice

Dark and bright excitons are shown to appear naturally in a linear atomic super-lattice with two atoms per unit cell. In bringing the super-lattice into a strong coupling regime with a one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguide, bright excitons and photons are coherently mixed to form polaritons. Treating excitons as bosons implies a mechanism that forbids two excitations from being in the same atomic state, which is included here through a bosonization procedure with kinematic interactions. Interestingly these interactions couple dark and bright excitons, which we exploit as a new tool for exciting dark states in a controllable way. We suggest a pump-probe experiment where two polaritons scatter into two dark excitons that are found to be correlated and are represented as dark bogolon excitons. The results can be adapted for any super-lattice of active materials; for example, of organic molecules.
Spontaneous left-right symmetry breaking in supersymmetric models with only Higgs doublets

We studied the question of parity breaking in a supersymmetric left-right model, in which the left-right symmetry is broken with Higgs doublets (carrying B — L = ± 1). Unlike the left-right symmetric models with triplet Higgs scalars (carrying B — L = ±2), in this model it is possible to break parity spontaneously by adding a parity-odd singlet. We then discussed how neutrino mass of type-III seesaw can be invoked in this model by adding extra fermion singlets. We considered simple forms of the mass matrices that are consistent with the unification scheme and demonstrate how they can reproduce the required neutrino mixing matrix. In this model, the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is generated via leptogenesis. The required mass scales in the model are then found to be consistent with the gauge coupling unification.
The Kerr metric

This review describes the events leading up to the discovery of the Kerr metric in 1963 and the enormous impact the discovery has had in the subsequent 50 years. The review discusses the Penrose process, the four laws of black hole mechanics, uniqueness of the solution, and the no-hair theorems. It also includes Kerr perturbation theory and its application to black hole stability and quasi-normal modes. The Kerr metric's importance in the astrophysics of quasars and accreting stellar-mass black hole systems is detailed. A theme of the review is the ‘miraculous’ nature of the solution, both in describing in a simple analytic formula the most general rotating black hole, and in having unexpected mathematical properties that make many calculations tractable. Also included is a pedagogical derivation of the solution suitable for a first course in general relativity.
Theory of oxygenKedge x-ray absorption spectra of cuprates

The dynamical mean-field theory of the three-band model of copper-oxide superconductors is used to calculate the doping dependence of the intensity of the oxygen K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of high-$T_c$ copper oxide superconductors. The model is found not to reproduce the results of a recent experiment, suggesting that at sufficiently high doping the physics beyond the conventional three-band model becomes important.
Single-shot multi-level all-optical magnetization switching mediated by spin-polarized hot electron transport

All-optical ultrafast magnetization switching in magnetic material thin film without the assistance of an applied external magnetic field is being explored for future ultrafast and energy-efficient magnetic storage and memories. It has been shown that femto-second light pulses induce magnetization reversal in a large variety of magnetic materials. However, so far, only GdFeCo-based ferrimagnetic thin films exhibit magnetization switching via a single optical pulse. Here we demonstrate the single-pulse switching of Co/Pt multilayers within a magnetic spin-valve structure ([Co/Pt] / Cu / GdFeCo) and further show that the four possible magnetic configurations of the spin valve can be accessed using a sequence of single femto-second light pulses. Our experimental study reveals that the magnetization final state of the ferromagnetic [Co/Pt] layer is determined by spin-polarized hot electrons generated by the light pulse interactions with the GdFeCo layer. This work provides a new approach to deterministically switch ferromagnetic layers and a pathway to engineering materials for opto-magnetic multi-bit recording.
Caregiving Situation as a Predictor of Subjective Caregiver Burden: Informal Caregivers of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has created and exacerbated emotional, financial, and technical challenges for informal caregivers of older people. The aim of this study was to explore the caregiving situation and subjective burden of informal caregivers of older family members during COVID-19, and to investigate how a caregiving situation’s characteristics predict the subjective burden of care in times of COVID-19. The study was conducted in April and May 2021 via an online access panel. The sample (n = 612) was determined using a screening test that enabled us to focus on a Slovenian population of informal caregivers aged 40+ caring for a person aged 65+ for at least four hours/week on average. Our findings reveal that the subjective burden of care was high among informal caregivers during COVID-19. Multiple regression analysis showed that the provision of activities of daily living, care duration, average hours of care per week, formal care status, and recipients’ health problems related to dementia or other memory problems significantly predicted the subjective burden of caregivers. These findings call for better recognition of the role of informal caregivers. The time and effort devoted to informal care should be supported by legislation and social security.
Afterglow Light Curves from Off-Axis GRB Jets in Stratified Circumburst Medium

We study the gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow light curves produced by an off-axis jet in a stratified circumburst medium and summarize the temporal indices of the coasting phase, the deceleration phase, the Newtonian phase, and the deep Newtonian phase for various viewing angles and power-law indices of medium density. Generally, the afterglow light curves of off-axis GRBs in the homogeneous interstellar medium have a steep rise arising due to jet deceleration. In the stratified medium, the flux rises is more shallow but peaks earlier for the same viewing angle due to faster deceleration of the jet running into the denser stratified medium, compared with the case of the interstellar medium (ISM). Observations of off-axis bursts will possibly increase over the coming years due to the arrival of the multi-messenger era and the forthcoming surveys in multiple bands. The temporal indices of off-axis afterglows derived in the paper will provide a reference for comparison with the observations and can diagnose the circumburst environment. The numerical code calculating the afterglow light curve also can be used to fit the multi-wavelength light curves.
Determining ratios of WIMP-nucleon cross sections from direct dark matter detection data

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the leading candidates for Dark Matter. So far the usual procedure for constraining the WIMP-nucleon cross sections in direct Dark Matter detection experiments have been to fit the predicted event rate based on some model(s) of the Galactic halo and of WIMPs to experimental data. One has to assume whether the spin-independent (SI) or the spin-dependent (SD) WIMP-nucleus interaction dominates, and results of such data analyses are also expressed as functions of the as yet unknown WIMP mass. In this article, I introduce methods for extracting information on the WIMP-nucleon cross sections by considering a general combination of the SI and SD interactions. Neither prior knowledge about the local density and the velocity distribution of halo WIMPs nor about their mass is needed. Assuming that an exponential-like shape of the recoil spectrum is confirmed from experimental data, the required information are only the measured recoil energies (in low energy ranges) and the number of events in the first energy bin from two or more experiments.
Magnetism, transport, and thermodynamics in two-dimensional half-filled Hubbard superlattices

We study magnetic, transport and thermodynamic properties of the half-filled two-dimensional ($2D$) Hubbard model with layered distributed repulsive interactions using unbiased finite temperature quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Antiferromagnetic long-ranged correlations at $T=0$ are confirmed by means of the magnetic structure factor and the onset of short-ranged ones is at a minimum temperature which can be obtained by peaks in susceptibility and specific heat following an RPA prediction. We also show that transport is affected in the large interaction limit and is enhanced in the non-repulsive layers suggesting a change of dimensionality induced by increased interactions. Lastly, we show that by adiabatically switching the interactions in layered distributed patterns reduces the overall temperature of the system with a potential application in cooling protocols in cold atoms systems.
21st century change in ocean response to climate forcing

_____________________________________________________________________ Abstract Modeling globally averaged information on climate forcing from the land surface temperature data, the sea surface temperatures (SST) and the empirically determined relationship between the changes in SST and the turbulent diffusion of heat into the upper ocean demonstrates a consistent link. The modeling is accurate throughout the 20 century despite the different phases of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) or the strong divergence between land and ocean surface warming. It only fails during the last 15 years when SST drops well below the trend. The finding reinforces the view that slower global warming over the previous 15 years is not a caused by a negative phase of the IPO or by the variations in the upper ocean (top 700 m) warming but results from a change in the ocean behavior leading to increased heat transfer into the deeper ocean. _____________________________________________________________________
Hawking Radiation of Topological Massive Warped-AdS3 Black Hole Families

We investigate the Dirac particles tunnelling as a radiation of Warped AdS3 black hole family in Topological Massive Gravity. Using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we discuss tunnelling probability and Hawking temperature of the spin-1/2 particles for the black hole and its extremal cases. We observe that the Hawking temperature of the non-extremal black hole higher than the extremal black hole when ω < 2 r 0 3 , because the non-extremal black hole become unstable in this case.
Entropy of random entangling surfaces

We consider the situation when a globally defined four-dimensional field system is separated on two entangled sub-systems by a dynamical (random) two-dimensional surface. The reduced density matrix averaged over ensemble of random surfaces of fixed area and the corresponding average entropy are introduced. The average entanglement entropy is analyzed for a generic conformal field theory in four dimensions. Two important particular cases are considered. In the first, both the intrinsic metric on the entangling surface and the spacetime metric are fluctuating. An important example of this type is when the entangling surface is a black hole horizon, the fluctuations of which cause necessarily the fluctuations in the spacetime geometry. In the second case, the spacetime is considered to be fixed. The detailed analysis is carried out for the random entangling surfaces embedded in flat Minkowski spacetime. In all cases, the problem reduces to an effectively two-dimensional problem of random surfaces which can be treated by means of the well-known conformal methods. Focusing on the logarithmic terms in the entropy, we predict the appearance of a new ln ln(A) term. This article is part of a special issue of Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical in honour of Stuart Dowker's 75th birthday devoted to ‘Applications of zeta functions and other spectral functions in mathematics and physics’.