Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Analysis on accuracy of charge-pumping measurement withgate sawtooth pulses

Charge-pumping (CP) measurement is performed on MOSFET’s with their gates tied to sawtooth pulses. Influence of both rise time (tr) and fall time (tf ) on the CP current of the devices with different channel lengths is investigated at different pulse frequencies. Results show that the dominant mechanism affecting the measurement accuracy is the energy range of interface-trap distribution Dit(E) swept by the gate signal for frequencies below 500 kHz and carrier emission for frequencies above 500 kHz. For frequencies higher than 600 kHz, incomplete recombination could be an additional mechanism when tf is too short. Hence, it is suggested that low frequency is more favorable than high frequency, especially for sawtooth pulses with long tr and short tf , due to little carrier emission and negligible geometric effects even for devices as long as 50 m. However, if high frequency (e.g., 1 MHz) is required to obtain a sufficiently large S/N ratio in the CP current, sawtooth pulses with equaltr and tf should be chosen for the least carrier emission effect and thus more reliable results on interface-state density. Moreover, for both sawtooth and trapezoidal pulses with a typical amplitude of 5 V, a lower limit of 200 ns for tr and tf is necessary to suppress all the undesirable effects in devices shorter than at least 20 m.
Reimagining Death in an All-Too-Human World: A Pedagogical Exploration of Pinar Yoldas' Ecosystem of Excess

This article offers a pedagogical response to Pinar Yoldas’ Ecosystem of Excess, a speculative marine ecosystem of creatures that have evolved to survive the human-induced proliferation of plastic. In questioning our relationship to death in an era of ecological devastation due to excessive consumption, it proposes a pedagogy of ambivalence to explore what Ecosystem of Excess can teach us about our complicated relations with death. The article then develops three articulations of death—death beyond finality, silent death, and relational death—that are generative for attending to the multi-faceted ways ambivalence manifests itself in the context of more-than-human death.
Statistical modelling of fingerprints

It is believed that fingerprints are determined in embryonic development. Unlike other personal characteristics the fingerprint appears to be a result of a random process. For example fingerprints of identical twins (whose DNA is identical) are distinct, and extensive studies have found little evidence of a genetic relationship in terms of types of fingerprint, certainly at the small scale. At a larger scale the pattern of ridges on fingerprints can be categorised as belonging to one of five basic forms: loops (left and right), whorls, arches and tented arches. The population frequencies of these types show little variation with ethnicity and a list of the types occurring on the ten digits can be used as an initial basis for identification of individuals. However, such a system would not uniquely identify an individual although the frequency of certain combinations could be extremely small. At a smaller scale various minutiae or singularities can be observed in a fingerprint. These include ridge endings and bifurcations, amongst others. Typical fingerprints have several hundred of these as well as two key points (with the exception of a simple arch) referred to as the core and delta, which are focal points of the overall pattern of ridges. Modern identification systems are based upon ridge endings and bifurcations, not least because they are the easiest to determine automatically from image analysis. The configuration of these minutiae is unique to the individual. This research explores the relationship between the locations of minutiae to determine if they can be modelled using a statistical process. In addition, since the approach is based on how fingerprints can be examined in a forensic situation an algorithm is created and tested which allows the strength of a match between a fingermark left at a crime and a fingerprint from a known suspect to be calculated. Currently the result of matching a fingermark and fingerprint is expressed as a categorical value of; match, no match or inconclusive. The method in this research allows this to be expressed as a numerical value allowing for a wider and more flexible use of fingerprint evidence.
Study of health implications effects in laser paint removal process based on PM1.0 and PM10.0 measurements

Health implications to the staff incharged was studied by measuring mass density (N) of two types of particulate matter (PM1.0 and PM10.0) concentration produced during laser paint removal process over three different types of car coated substrate samples A, B and C. The lowest PM1.0 and PM10.0 concentrations detected for those substrate samples during 10 minute laser irradiation were 0.693 mg/m3 and 1.586 mg/m3 , which was far exceed compared to the recommendation suggested by World Health Organization (WHO). However, laser paint removal techniques was considered safe compared than chemical paint stripping technique if smooth air ventilation in workplace was properly set-up and inhalation to PM1.0 and PM10.0 was greatly prevented by using protective mask
Rainfall variability and extremes over southern Africa: assessment of a climate model to reproduce daily extremes

It is increasingly accepted that that any possible climate change will not only have an influence on mean climate but may also significantly alter climatic variability. A change in the distribution and magnitude of extreme rainfall events (associated with changing variability), such as droughts or flooding, may have a far greater impact on human and natural systems than a changing mean. This issue is of particular importance for environmentally vulnerable regions such as southern Africa. The subcontinent is considered especially vulnerable to and ill-equipped (in terms of adaptation) for extreme events, due to a number of factors including extensive poverty, famine, disease and political instability.
Evaluation of precipitation from the ERA‐40, NCEP‐1, and NCEP‐2 Reanalyses and CMAP‐1, CMAP‐2, and GPCP‐2 with ground‐based measurements in China

[1] We assess the correspondence between precipitation products from atmospheric reanalyses (ERA-40, NCEP-1, and NCEP-2), the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analyses of Precipitation (CMAP-1 and CMAP-2), and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project Version 2 (GPCP-2) with adjusted observational precipitation (AOP) from China for 1979–2001 and also for ERA-40 and NCEP-1 over 1958–1978. In general, we conclude that CMAP-1 and GPCP-2 agree more closely with AOP than the reanalysis products do, although ERA-40 data agree more closely with AOP than NCEP data. The percentages of precipitation differences (PPDs) across China between annual ERA-40, NCEP-1, NCEP-2, CMAP-1, CMAP-2, and GPCP-2 data and AOP are −12, 22, 14, −8, −7, and −15%, respectively, for 1979–2001. Although relatively small biases are evident for China as a whole, maximum PPDs, usually occurring around the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, can exceed 1000%, indicating a strong terrain dependence of gridded precipitation data. GPCP-2, although characterized by greater underestimation for most of China compared with CMAP-1, exhibits a smaller biases range and hence may be better than CMAP-1. Compared with the NCEP-1 system, NCEP-2 represents an improvement as NCEP-2 precipitation agrees more closely with AOP than NCEP-1 data. However, the coherence of NCEP-2 precipitation needs further improvement. In addition, we find worse consistency and accuracy and larger positive biases in some parts of China for CMAP-2 versus CMAP-1, illustrating an advantage of including reanalysis data in CMAP, as CMAP-1 does. CMAP-1 could be further improved if they used the more skillful ERA-40 precipitation instead of the NCEP/NCAR data.
An Electrically Reconfigurable Circularly-Polarized Planar Array Antenna With Built-In Bias-Isolation Mechanism

This paper proposes a novel design of a reconfigurable microstrip array antenna for circular polarization (CP) switching function. The proposed array is implemented in a $2\times 2$ arrangement using four patch elements and a feed network. The bias-isolation mechanism is an integral feature of this array design, and it is facilitated by the short-ended microstrip lines and planar magic-Ts. By this approach, both the radiating elements and feed structure ensure the straightforward RF-DC isolation method with no auxiliary passive components and filters. Also, with the superb integration of these two techniques, the entire array is viable in a single-layer configuration, featuring design freedom for a larger array. Furthermore, the CP switching function can simply be achieved by controlling the bias state of the diodes. To verify the proposed concept, prototype antennas are fabricated and tested. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed array can function as a CP reconfigurable antenna with simple bias-isolation method.
Effect of Omeprazole on Fracture Healing in the Random-Patterned Rat Tibial Fracture Model: An Experimental Study

Objective: Fractures represent one of the most common pathologies encountered in ortho-pedic practice. Various factors can impact fracture healing, both negatively and positively. This study aimed to investigate the influence of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor prescribed to mitigate the side effects of non-steroidal anti-ınflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used for pain management post-fracture treatment and for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis, on fracture union through an animal experiment. Materials and Methods: The study utilized 40 male Wistar-Albino rats obtained from the Experimental Research Laboratory. Employing the simple randomization method, the animals were divided into experimental and control groups, with tibia fractures induced and subsequently fixed intramedullarily. At the conclusion of the sixth week, comprehensive histological, radiological, and biomechanical assessments were conducted to compare fracture union and bone biomechanical strength with the control group. Results: Histological and radiological evaluations were conducted on the tibias of 40 male Wistar-Albino rats. In terms of biomechanical analysis, 14 tibias from the control group and 16 tibias from the study group were examined. Remarkably, the study group exhibited supe-riors union compared to the control group both histologically (p=0.033), radiologically (AP1 view; p=0.040, AP2 view; p=0.036, LAT1 view; p=0.081, LAT2 view; p=0.03), and biomechanically (p=0.047), following omeprazole use. Conclusion: The administration of omeprazole as a proton pump inhibitor following fracture treatment contributes positively to the process of fracture healing.
GPR radiation pattern effects on 3D Kirchhoff array imaging

A variety of 2-D acoustic migration algorithms are routinely applied to ground penetrating radar (GPR) array data to form images of reflecting surfaces. In a few instances 3-D migration has been performed. We demonstrate the GPR dipole radiation effects on imaging planar reflection surfaces under a 3-D acoustic Kirchhoff imaging condition. This is accomplished by analyzing migration results using synthetic GPR array data generated with a new diffraction integration method that includes interfacial dipole radiation patterns. The impact of the GPR radiation pattern is demonstrated on migration images by considering three antennas types (isotropic, x-, and y-dipoles). For all the results discussed, we use the relative dielectric permittivity for ice, and monostatic transmitter and receiver geometry. We find that an array having a 2.5:1 length-to-width (x:y) ratio and populated with isotropic elements, has a directivity of 4.8. The same array using x-oriented antenna elements has a directivity of 11; with y-oriented elements the directivity is 7. The dipole radiation pattern dominates the array factor. In migration results, when the array factor is aligned with the H-plane dipole pattern, surfaces as steep as 45 degrees are readily imaged. Conversely, when the array factor is aligned with the E-plane pattern, reflectors with dips as low as 20 degrees are difficult to image. These results stress that correct dipole orientation with-in the imaging array is vital for achieving optimal reflector images using migration techniques.
Stem Cell Therapy in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury

Pediatric traumatic brain injury is a cause of major mortality, and resultant neurological sequelae areassociated with long-term morbidity. Increasing studies have revealed stem cell therapy to be a potential new treatment. However, much work is still required to clarify the mechanism of action of effective stem cell therapy, type of stem cell therapy, optimal timing of therapy initiation, combination of cocurrent medical treatment and patient selection criteria. This paper will focus on stem cell therapy in children with traumatic brain injury.
Learning Infused Quantum-Classical Distributed Optimization Technique for Power Generation Scheduling

The advent of quantum computing can potentially revolutionize how complex problems are solved. This article proposes a two-loop quantum-classical solution algorithm for generation scheduling by infusing quantum computing, machine learning, and distributed optimization. The aim is to facilitate employing noisy near-term quantum machines with a limited number of qubits to solve practical power system optimization problems, such as generation scheduling. The outer loop is a three-block quantum alternating direction method of multipliers (QADMM) algorithm that decomposes the generation scheduling problem into three subproblems, including one quadratically unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) and two non-QUBOs. The inner loop is a trainable quantum approximate optimization algorithm (T-QAOA) for solving QUBO on a quantum computer. The proposed T-QAOA translates interactions of quantum-classical machines as sequential information and uses a recurrent neural network to estimate variational parameters of the quantum circuit with a proper sampling technique. The T-QAOA determines the QUBO solution in a few quantum-learner iterations instead of hundreds of iterations needed for a quantum-classical solver. The outer three-block alternating direction method of multipliers coordinates QUBO and non-QUBO solutions to obtain the solution to the original problem. The conditions under which the proposed QADMM is guaranteed to converge are discussed. Two mathematical and three generation scheduling cases are studied. Analyses performed on quantum simulators and classical computers show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The advantages of T-QAOA are discussed and numerically compared with QAOA, which uses a stochastic-gradient-descent-based optimizer.
Unraveling the customer experience puzzle: Factors affecting satisfaction in three star hotels

This study aims to facilitate sustainable growth in hotels by understanding tourists’ preferences. Though there is existing research on customer satisfaction in hotels (Radojevic et al., 2017), this study narrows the scope to three star category hotels in Chandigarh, India, with its unique data collection approach based on traveller rankings of Trip Advisor (2023) to select the top twenty hotels, ensuring a representative sample of highly ranked establishments. The five-point Likert scale was used in a closed-ended questionnaire to gather primary data from visitors who stayed in the city’s hotels between March 5 and April 5, 2023. Convenience sampling was used, resulting in 385 participants selected from the chosen hotels. Mean ratings were calculated for 25 hotel service attributes from the respondents’ responses and used for the importance performance analysis (IPA). The results indicate that hotels need to prioritize specific attributes, such as spaciousness of rooms, quietness of rooms, bathroom amenities, value for money, taste and variety of food, and prompt service. The study also identified areas where the hotels performed well, such as cleanliness, safety and security, staff communication and friendliness, and multiple modes of payment. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for hotel managers to meet customer expectations.
Data-Driven Network Analysis for Anomaly Traffic Detection

Cybersecurity is a critical issue in today’s internet world. Classical security systems, such as firewalls based on signature detection, cannot detect today’s sophisticated zero-day attacks. Machine learning (ML) based solutions are more attractive for their capabilities of detecting anomaly traffic from benign traffic, but to develop an ML-based anomaly detection system, we need meaningful or realistic network datasets to train the detection engine. There are many public network datasets for ML applications. Still, they have limitations, such as the data creation process and the lack of diverse attack scenarios or background traffic. To create a good detection engine, we need a realistic dataset with various attack scenarios and various types of background traffic, such as HTTPs, streaming, and SMTP traffic. In this work, we have developed realistic network data or datasets considering various attack scenarios and diverse background/benign traffic. Furthermore, considering the importance of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, we have compared the performance of detecting anomaly traffic of some classical supervised and our prior developed unsupervised ML algorithms based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) and pseudo auto-encoder (AE) architecture based on the created datasets. The results show that the performance of the CNN-Pseudo-AE is comparable to that of many classical supervised algorithms. Hence, the CNN-Pseudo-AE algorithm is promising in actual implementation.
Monitoring Unsaturated Flow and Transport Using Cross‐Borehole Geophysical Methods

Improved understanding of unsaturated flow and transport processes is limited by the lack of appropriate in situ measurement techniques. This study was conducted to determine whether two noninvasive cross‐borehole geophysical methods combined could be used to estimate two important unsaturated zone transport parameters, namely the pore water velocity and longitudinal dispersivity. Cross‐borehole electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar were used to estimate temporal and spatial variation of electrical resistivity and water content, respectively, during a 20‐d forced infiltration experiment. The resulting one‐dimensional profiles and two‐dimensional images of moisture content and electrical resistivity were subsequently combined to estimate solute tracer concentration. The results were used to analyze the downward migration and vertical spreading of water and tracer mass. The two geophysical methods provided independent estimates of soil moisture content and electrical resistivity that were spatially and temporally consistent. The observed changes in moisture content and electrical resistivity were, as a first approximation, used in a one‐dimensional moment analysis. The transport behavior was found to be very susceptible to layering of the subsurface. Even slight reductions in grain size apparently lead to flow barriers and associated lateral flow, resulting in tracer mass loss, reduced vertical pore water velocity, and increased longitudinal dispersivity. Synthetic data showed that the estimated unsaturated transport parameters (i.e., pore water velocity and longitudinal dispersivity) and the mass estimate were influenced by the selected electrical resistivity tomography inversion routine. In effect, an overprediction of all three parameters was observed.
Technology assisted research assessment: algorithmic bias and transparency issues

PurposeTechnology is sometimes used to support assessments of academic research in the form of automatically generated bibliometrics for reviewers to consult during their evaluations or by replacing some or all human judgements. With artificial intelligence (AI), there is increasing scope to use technology to assist research assessment processes in new ways. Since transparency and fairness are widely considered important for research assessment and AI introduces new issues, this review investigates their implications.Design/methodology/approachThis article reviews and briefly summarises transparency and fairness concerns in general terms and through the issues that they raise for various types of Technology Assisted Research Assessment (TARA). FindingsWhilst TARA can have varying levels of problems with both transparency and bias, in most contexts it is unclear whether it worsens the transparency and bias problems that are inherent in peer review.Originality/valueThis is the first analysis that focuses on algorithmic bias and transparency issues for technology assisted research assessment.
Microbially mediated fossil concretions and their characterization by the latest methodologies: a review

The study of well-preserved organic matter (OM) within mineral concretions has provided key insights into depositional and environmental conditions in deep time. Concretions of varied compositions, including carbonate, phosphate, and iron-based minerals, have been found to host exceptionally preserved fossils. Organic geochemical characterization of concretion-encapsulated OM promises valuable new information of fossil preservation, paleoenvironments, and even direct taxonomic information to further illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of our planet and its biota. Full exploitation of this largely untapped geochemical archive, however, requires a sophisticated understanding of the prevalence, formation controls and OM sequestration properties of mineral concretions. Past research has led to the proposal of different models of concretion formation and OM preservation. Nevertheless, the formation mechanisms and controls on OM preservation in concretions remain poorly understood. Here we provide a detailed review of the main types of concretions and formation pathways with a focus on the role of microbes and their metabolic activities. In addition, we provide a comprehensive account of organic geochemical, and complimentary inorganic geochemical, morphological, microbial and paleontological, analytical methods, including recent advancements, relevant to the characterization of concretions and sequestered OM. The application and outcome of several early organic geochemical studies of concretion-impregnated OM are included to demonstrate how this underexploited geo-biological record can provide new insights into the Earth’s evolutionary record. This paper also attempts to shed light on the current status of this research and major challenges that lie ahead in the further application of geo-paleo-microbial and organic geochemical research of concretions and their host fossils. Recent efforts to bridge the knowledge and communication gaps in this multidisciplinary research area are also discussed, with particular emphasis on research with significance for interpreting the molecular record in extraordinarily preserved fossils.
Use of botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine and gynaecology: current approaches, controversies, and future directions

This review looks at the use of botulinum toxin in the gynaecological field with the aim of determining what needs to be further investigated to achieve a standardized application. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore how botulinum toxins (BoNT) can be applied, and it is becoming popular for treating various disorders such as chronic pelvic pain, vestibulodynia, and vaginism. However, the exact dosage and ideal location for injections still need to be clarified. The objective of this study is to point out which aspects need to be more carefully studied to ensure a consistent use of BoNT in gynaecology.