Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of high-heeled shoes on the quadriceps electromyographic activity in women with and without patellofemoral pain syndrome during the sit-to-stand task

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of high-heeled shoes on the quadriceps electromyographic activity (EMG) during the sit-to-stand task. Ten healthy females (20.2±3.0 years) and 10 females with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) (21.3±3.4 years) participated in this study. The subjects performed a standardized sit-to-stand task under 3 conditions: barefoot, wearing sneakers and wearing 10 cm high-heeled shoes. The electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles during the tasks using simple differential surface electrodes connected to an EMG system. To compare data between groups and tasks, the ANOVA test with repeated measures and the Tukey post hoc test were applied (p<0.05). Results demonstrated higher EMG activity for the VMO muscles during stand and sit tasks performed with high-heeled shoes in the control group. In the PFPS group, an increased EMG activity for the VL muscle during the stand task was observed, and the VMO:VL ratio decreased with the use of high heels. Results show that the use of high-heeled shoes can further increase the EMG activity of the VL muscle than the VMO in women with PFPS, a fact that may contribute to the increased joint imbalance and worsened PFPS. Therefore, the results suggest that this type of footwear should be avoided by women with PFPS.
Pengaruh Metode Pengeringan Terhadap Kadar Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanolik Kulit Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS

Buah alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki khasiat sebagai obat. Bagian yang sering dimanfaatkan adalah daging buah sedangkan kulit buah belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Kulit buah alpukat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai antioksidan dengan kandungan senyawa aktif flavonoid. Proses pengolahan simplisia sangat penting terutama pada tahap pengeringan. Tahap pengeringan bertujuan untuk memperoleh simplisia yang tidak mudah rusak selama penyimpanan dalam waktu lama dan menjamin kandungan senyawa aktif yang memiliki khasiat obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pengeringan terhadap kadar flavonoid ekstrak kulit buah alpukat. Jenis penelitian ini eksperimental. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Random Sampling. Metode pengeringan yang digunakan dengan penjemuran dengan sinar matahari dan menggunakan oven. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Metode analisis senyawa dilakukan dengan spektrofotometer Uv-Visible. Perbandingan dua metode pengeringan dianalisis dengan statistik Independent T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kadar flavonoid kulit buah alpukat yang dikeringkan dengan oven sebesar 13,14% sedangkan yang dikeringkan dengan sinar matahari ditutup kain hitam sebesar 5,58%. Dari hasil kadar dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode pengeringan kulit buah alpukat dengan oven lebih efektif dalam menghasilkan ekstrak yang memiliki kandungan kadar flavonoid Kata Kunci: Flavonoid, Metode Pengeringan, Persea americana Mill. , Spektrofotometri Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is a plant that has medicinal properties. The part that is often used is the flesh of the fruit, while the skin of the fruit has not been widely used. Avocado skin has which the potential to be developed as an antioxidant with the active compound being flavonoids. The processing of raw materials is very important, especially at the drying stage. The drying stage aims to obtain raw materials that is not easily damaged during long storage and ensures the content of active compounds that have medicinal properties. This study aims to determine the effect of the drying method on flavonoid levels of avocado peel extract. This type of research is experimental. The sampling technique was random sampling. Methods of the drying used is in the sun drying and using an oven. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96% solvent. The method of compound analysis was carried out with a Uv-Visible spectrophotometer. The comparison of the two drying methods was analyzed using the Independent T-Test statistic. The results showed that the flavonoid content of oven-dried avocado peels was 13.14%, while those dried in the sun covered with a black cloth were 5.58%. From the results, it can be concluded that the oven-drying method of avocado peel is more effective in producing extracts that contain higher levels of flavonoids than the sun drying method.
Characterization of Mitochondrial Prohibitin in Opsariichthys bidens and Its Potential Functions in Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the intricate and coordinated process by which spermatogonia develop into haploid differentiated spermatozoa. Mitochondria are essential for spermatogenesis, and prohibitin (PHB) is closely associated with mitochondrial structure and function during spermatogenesis. Although PHB has been implicated in spermatogenesis in some taxa, its roles in Opsariichthys bidens have not been determined. In this study, the expression patterns and potential functions of PHB in spermatogenesis in O. bidens were characterized using histological microscopic observations, PCR cloning, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), Western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF). The full-length cDNA of Ob-phb was 1500 bp encoding 271 amino acids. A sequence alignment demonstrated that the PHB protein is conserved among different animals. qPCR revealed that phb mRNA is widely distributed in O. bidens and highly expressed in the testes at stages IV and V. WB revealed that Ob-PHB is located in the mitochondria of testes. IF revealed the colocalization of PHB signals and mitochondria. Signals were detected around nuclei in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, gradually moving to the tail region during spermiogenesis, and finally aggregating in the midpiece. These results indicate that Ob-PHB was expressed in the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. In addition, this study proposed Ob-PHB may participate in the degradation of mitochondria and cell differentiation during spermatogenesis.
Strategies to Combat Caries by Maintaining the Integrity of Biofilm and Homeostasis during the Rapid Phase of Supragingival Plaque Formation

Bacteria in the oral cavity, including commensals and opportunistic pathogens, are organized into highly specialized sessile communities, coexisting in homeostasis with the host under healthy conditions. A dysbiotic environment during biofilm evolution, however, allows opportunistic pathogens to become the dominant species at caries-affected sites at the expense of health-associated taxa. Combining tooth brushing with dentifrices or rinses combat the onset of caries by partially removes plaque, but resulting in the biofilm remaining in an immature state with undesirables’ consequences on homeostasis and oral ecosystem. This leads to the need for therapeutic pathways that focus on preserving balance in the oral microbiota and applying strategies to combat caries by maintaining biofilm integrity and homeostasis during the rapid phase of supragingival plaque formation. Adhesion, nutrition, and communication are fundamental in this phase in which the bacteria that have survived these adverse conditions rebuild and reorganize the biofilm, and are considered targets for designing preventive strategies to guide the biofilm towards a composition compatible with health. The present review summarizes the most important advances and future prospects for therapies based on the maintenance of biofilm integrity and homeostasis as a preventive measure of dysbiosis focused on these three key factors during the rapid phase of plaque formation.
Electronic States of Conducting Organic κ-(BEDT-TTF)2X

Electronic states of κ-(ET) 2 X are studied theoretically. The effects of the on-site Coulomb interaction and dimer structure have been explored at absolute zero within the Hartree-Fock approximation. If Coulomb interaction exceeds some critical value, localized spins which are antiferromagnetically ordered within a unit cell emerge resulting in reduction of the band overlap and eventually leading to the insulating state.
Spider venom: An insecticide whose time has come?

When it comes to solving difficult insect problems, it helps to consult an expert. For example, you could ask Hadronyche versuta, the Blue Mountains funnel-web spider. It has a few tried-and-true tools for killing: a funnel-shaped web to hide in, really large fangs, and a venom laced with the powerful insecticide versutoxin. “It has a well-earned, fearsome reputation,” says John Sorenson, chief executive officer of the biobased pesticide firm Vestaron. Like seemingly all things super venomous, the spider comes from Australia—specifically, the coastal range of New South Wales. A farmer or gardener could travel to eastern Australia, gather up some Hadronyche, and milk them to obtain their insect-killing venom. But that’s not very practical. So for years scientists have been working out how to make a pesticide based on, or inspired by, the spider’s powerful weapon. After successful registration with the Environmental Protection Agency in 2014, Vestaron is about to
The asymmetric impact of tax burden structures on the shadow economy: a panel analysis of old and new European Union countries

ABSTRACT This study tests the asymmetric impact of the tax burden structures under the forms of direct, indirect, and social contributions, upon the shadow economy. For this purpose, a panel dataset analysis of the 27 European Union (EU) Member States is conducted over the 2005–2018 time period. Our study supports the existence of a U-shaped relationship between tax burden and shadow economy only for the case of direct taxes, while for indirect taxes and social contributions, an inverted U-shaped relationship is validated. We also highlight different values of the resilience thresholds for all categories of taxes and contributions among the new EU members compared to the old ones. For direct taxes, the threshold beyond which the level of shadow economy increases is 2.61 times lower for new EU countries than for the old countries. In addition, both for the new and old EU countries, a level of indirect taxes beyond a threshold of 15.04% and 16.52%, respectively, would determine a decrease in the level of the shadow economy. The robustness checks performed using many control variables consolidate our results. Our findings are important for policy-makers to find the level of resilience of various states under different types of tax burden structures.
Effects of Toxic Heavy Metal Salts on Oxidative Quality Deterioration in Ground Pork Model during Aerobic Display Storage

The contamination of toxic heavy metals in meat production and processing can cause the oxidative deterioration of processed meat products. Aside from the possible mechanisms of toxic heavy metals on pro-oxidative reaction, little is known about the potential impacts of toxic heavy metal contamination on meat quality attributes within permitted maximum residual levels. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the influence of the intentional contamination of toxic heavy metals on the oxidative deterioration in ground pork models during aerobic display storage. Four types of toxic heavy metal salts (As2O3, CdCl2, K2Cr2O7, and Pb(NO3)2) were mixed with ground pork at two different levels (maximum residue limit and its half level), PVC-wrapped, and displayed in a 4 °C showcase equipped with continuous fluorescent natural white light (1400 l×, color temperature = 6500 K). The contamination of toxic heavy metals significantly decreased the redness of ground pork, and rapidly increased the hue angle. The contamination of Cd and Cr equivalent to maximum residue levels (0.05 and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively) could increase the formation of peroxides, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and carbonyls, along with an immediate decrease in total reducing activity. However, there was no difference in protein thiol content between treatments (p > 0.05). These results indicate that contamination of certain toxic heavy metals, particularly Cd and Cr, would accelerate discoloration, lipid oxidation, and carbonyl formation of ground pork during aerobic storage.
A general framework for models of type polymorphism

We present a general framework for models of polymorphism. A crucial fact about polymorphic functions is their uniform behavior under type application. Under the Curry-Howard formulae-as-types isomorphism the polymorphic types behave like universal quantifiers. Lawvere noted that the rules of inference that characterize universal quantifiers assert that a universal quantifier can be found as a right adjoint to substitution. We combine these two insights to create a clear and satisfactory framework to explain type polymorphism. The framework has as its basis what we call substitution systems, which explain substitution when type variables are present. From the substitution systems we build up substitution functors that capture the concept of proliferating the type variables used in building expressions. Demanding that these functors have suitable adjoints completes our framework. The substitution functors with their "suitable" right adjoints make up a map of adjunctions. We show the framework to be suitable for semantics of polymorphic types by proving substitution theorems for types as well as terms, and $\beta$ as well as $\eta$ type reduction theorems. The generality of the framework is shown by fitting a wide variety of models to it. McCracken's finitary-retracts model uses finitary retracts over a finitary complete partial order to model the types. We show that this model fits in the general framework, and a similar method suffices for the closure model. Girard's qualitative-domains model too fits elegantly in our framework. Hyland's effective topos has given rise to a number of "set-theoretic" models of polymorphism. We show that the partial-equivalence-relations model can be satisfactorily fitted in our model theory. A similar technique enables any topos model to be viewed in the framework. Seely's model theory uses indexed category theory to provide a notion of a model for higher-order polymorphism. We show the equivalence of our approach to Seely's esoteric PL-categories when we restrict attention to the second order. This category-theoretic framework enables us to define logical relations. We start from logical relations over Cartesian closed categories using elements, extend these to cover the polymorphic case, and prove a logical-relations theorem based on these definitions.
Evaluation of Perceived Pain, Discomfort, Functional Impairments, and Satisfaction When Relieving Crowded Lower Anterior Teeth in Young Adult Patients Using Corticision-Assisted Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background No previous trial (randomized and controlled) studied the levels of pain, discomfort, and acceptability associated with acceleration of dental movement during orthodontic treatment using corticision. The purpose of this study is to compare the pain, discomfort, ease of procedure, patient satisfaction, and analgesic use during corticision-assisted (without extraction) decrowding of the lower anterior teeth with the traditional orthodontic method. Materials and Methods Fifty-two patients (38 females, 14 males; mean age: 21.38 ± 1.05) were randomly distributed into two groups: the corticision group (CORT, n=26) and the control group (CONT, n=26). Corticision was applied by a surgical blade and a hammer at three anterior regions on the lower jaw using three radiological guides. The levels of pain, discomfort, swelling and chewing difficulties were registered on a visual analog scale (VAS) at one, seven, and 14 days after applying the first wire (0.14-inch NiTi archwire). Questionnaires were administered to assess the level of satisfaction, ease of the procedure, and the number of analgesics patients took. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to detect significant differences between the two groups. The Chi-Square test was used to study the significance of differences in taking analgesics during the first week of treatment. Results One day following the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning pain levels, discomfort, and difficulties of mastication (P=0.293, P=0.166, P=0.538; respectively), but there was a statistically significant difference in the perceived swelling (P=0.012). On the seventh and 14th days of assessment, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the previous variables. In the CORT group, the proportion of patients who were satisfied with treatment was approximately 94%, the proportion of those who found the treatment easy was 96%, 84% of patients wanted to repeat the procedure, and 92% of them would recommend this procedure to a friend. Conclusions There were no statistically significant differences in pain perception, discomfort, difficulties with mastication, and analgesic consumption between the interventional group and the control group. The perception of swelling was greater in the experiment group (the corticision group) at 24 hours following the first archwire engagement, and then it gradually decreased. Patients in both groups showed high levels of satisfaction following leveling and alignment. Those in the experimental groups showed a high level of willingness to undergo the same procedure again and a high level to recommend this procedure to a friend.
The significance of Atlantic Water routing in the Nordic Seas: The Holocene perspective

The Nordic Seas are a key region for global ocean circulation, crucial in water mass exchange between the North Atlantic and the Arctic oceans, and deepwater formation. The advection of Atlantic Water (AW) to the Nordic Seas is decisive for the oceanography and climate of the region and beyond. Here, we present a set of sedimentary records, including two new cores from the western Nordic Seas to reconstruct the history of AW routing in the Nordic Seas over the Holocene. Our results show that the early Holocene (11.7–8 ka BP) thermal maximum, caused by an ‘overshoot’ of overturning circulation and high insolation, was limited to the eastern Nordic Seas, while the western part remained cold due to the meltwater blocking the spreading of AW. After 8 ka BP, the retreat of the freshwater lid allowed AW to reach the central Greenland Sea, where deep convection developed. After 5 ka BP, the increase in sea-ice export from the Arctic strengthened deep convection, which intensified the westward AW flow. A disruption of convectional activity around 2.7 ka BP, triggered by a minimum in solar activity, caused cooling and expansion of sea ice in the Nordic Seas and might have contributed to a global climatic deterioration. The overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas did not recover to its previous state until the present. We demonstrate that the rate of AW advection into the Nordic Seas alone is not enough to understand the oceanographic evolution of this area and its influence on regional or even global ocean and climate changes. The shifts in AW routing within the Nordic Seas and the rate of deep convection are also important.
Egalitarian Sharing Explains Food Distributions in a Small-Scale Society

: Among social anthropologists, there is virtual consensus that the food-sharing practices of small-scale non-agricultural groups cannot be understood in isolation from the broader repertoire of leveling strategies that prevent would-be dominants from exercising power and influence over likely subordinates. In spite of that widespread view, quantitatively rigorous empirical studies of food sharing and cooperation in small-scale human groups have typically ignored the internal connection between leveling of income and political power, drawing inspiration instead from evolutionary models that are neutral about social role asymmetries. In this paper, I introduce a spatially explicit agent-based model of hunter-gatherer food sharing in which individuals are driven by the goal of maximizing their own income while minimizing income asymmetries among others.
Information Architecture: Ethnographic Fieldwork in Medical Archives

Based on field experience in medical archives analyzed through insights from ethnomethodology, this paper shows usually invisible aspects of information architecture, including activities and individuals that ensure its production and maintenance. Using the concept of document equipment, we offer a foray into the world of those who perform these daily operations and through their activities, produce an information architecture based on their specific skills. In particular, we discuss digitalization practices in the context of a global architecture.
Differential Responses of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Jejunal Microbiota of Hu Sheep to Pelleted and Non-Pelleted High-Grain Diets

Simple Summary Currently, feeding ruminants high-grain (HG) diets is a common feeding pattern, but this practice can have detrimental effects on these animals in the form of altering their gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to explore the structural and functional responses of jejunal digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota to the low-grain as well as non-pelleted and pelleted high-grain (HP) diets. The results indicated that different diets altered the composition of digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota, and the abundance of acid-producing bacteria was increased in both jejunal digesta and mucosa after the HG and HP diets. Meanwhile, the HP diets somewhat changed the impact of the HG diets, as HP diets reduced the proliferation of pro-inflammatory bacteria in the jejunal digesta and mucosa when compared to HG diets. Abstract In the present study, we utilized 16S rRNA sequencing to uncover the impacts of non-pelleted (HG) or high-grain pelleted (HP) diets on the microbial structure and potential functions of digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of Hu sheep. Here, we randomly assigned 15 healthy male Hu sheep into three groups and fed the control diets (CON), HG, and HP diets, respectively. The experiment period was 60 days. The HP diets had the same nutritional ingredients as the HG diets but in pelleted form. At the finish of the experiment, the jejunal digesta and mucosa were gathered for microbial sequencing. The results of PCoA and PERMANOVA showed that different dietary treatments had significant impact (p < 0.05) on digesta- and mucosa-associated microbiota in the jejunum of Hu sheep. For specific differences, HG diets significantly increased (p < 0.05) the abundance of some acid-producing bacteria in both jejunal digesta (Bifidobacterium, OTU151, and OTU16) and mucosa (Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Bifidobacterium) of Hu sheep compared with the CON diets. Besides the similar effects of the HG diets (increased the acid-producing bacteria such as Olsenella, Pseudoramibacter, and Shuttleworthia), our results also showed that the HP diets significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the abundance of some pro-inflammatory bacteria in the jejunal digesta (Mogibacterium, and Marvinbryantia) and mucosa (Chitinophaga, and Candidatus Saccharimonas) of Hu sheep compared with the HG diets. Collectively, these findings contributed to enriching the knowledge about the effects of HG diets on the structure and function of intestinal microbiota in ruminants.