Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoinhibition and Photoprotective Responses of a Brown Marine Macroalga Acclimated to Different Light and Nutrient Regimes

Plants and brown algae avoid photoinhibition (decline in photosystem II efficiency, Fv/Fm) caused by excess light energy and oxidative stress through several photoprotective mechanisms, such as antioxidant xanthophyll production and heat dissipation. The heat dissipation can be measured as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and is strongly driven by de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle pigments (XCP). Although NPQ is known to increase under high light acclimation and nutrient-deficient conditions, a few studies have investigated the combined effects of the conditions on both NPQ and associated xanthophyll-to-chlorophyll (Chl) a ratio. The present study investigated the photosynthetic parameters of the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme acclimated to three irradiance levels combined with three nutrient levels. Elevated irradiance decreased Fv/Fm but increased NPQ, XCP/Chl a ratio, and fucoxanthin/Chl a ratio, suggesting the photoprotective role of antioxidant fucoxanthin in brown algae. Reduced nutrient availability increased NPQ but had no effect on the other variables, including XCP/Chl a ratio and its de-epoxidation state. The results indicate that NPQ can be used as a sensitive stress marker for nutrient deficiency, but cannot be used to estimate XCP pool size and state.
Integration of ALOHA- MARPLOT in the Real Study of Monitoring Air Quality Measures

Air is the fresh breeze to sustain the lifestyle of all living being on the earth. Fresh air gives healthy living and the prime factor of survival and existence. Air pollution is a main disquiet for the entire earth, and it must not blow their expansion. Modern state, air pollution is a gas elegant in atmosphere to deface the wellbeing of community. The means of transport emits massive noxious gases of sulphur dioxide to the atmosphere and pollutes the well healthy sustainability. In the location, IIT Chennai during the period of December 2017 and January 2018 utmost concentration in the atmospheric gases, the nitric oxide is gone exceeded to 78.62 $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}$ concentrations; Nitrogen Dioxide exceeded to 57.13 $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}$ concentrations; sulphur dioxide is normal to 11.34 $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}$ concentrations; Ozone level to $92.67\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}$ concentrations; Benzene to 27.35 $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}$ concentrations; Toluene to 5.79 $\mu \mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{3}$ concentrations. For all these level, the threat zone mapping and marplot is plotted to symbolize in graphical shape for advance forecast planning and effective functioning repayment. This paper promotes attentiveness to the community to save nature and shield our civilization, maintain clean commencing of major effects.
Photoremoval of Bisphenol A Using Hierarchical Zeolites and Diatom Biosilica

Bisphenol A (4,4-isopropylidenediphenol, BPA) is an organic compound widely used, e.g., in the production of epoxy resins, plastics, and thermal receipt papers. Unfortunately, bisphenol A has negative effects on human health, which has prompted the search for an effective method of its removal. One of the most promising methods of its elimination is photocatalytic removal. The aim of this study was to design an effective method for the photocatalytic removal of bisphenol A using, for the first time, hierarchical zeolites and ruthenium ion-modified diatom biosilica, and silver as photocatalysts and optimization of the reaction conditions: temperature, pH, and composition of the reaction mixture as well as the electromagnetic wavelength. Additionally, for the first time, the electromagnetic wavelength that would be most suitable for the study was selected. All materials used were initially characterized by XRD and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Ruthenium ion-modified biosilica proved to be the most effective catalyst for bisphenol A removal, which occurred at a rate higher than 99%.
Exact minimisation of large multiple output FPRM functions

The properties of the polarity for sum-of-products (SOP) expressions of Boolean functions are formally investigated. A transform matrix S is developed to convert SOP expressions from one polarity to another polarity. It is shown that the effect of SOP polarity is to reorder the on-set minterms of a Boolean function. Furthermore, the transform matrix P for fixed polarity Reed-Muller (FPRM) expressions for the conversion between two different polarities, based on the properties of SOP polarity, is achieved. Comparison of these two matrices shows that the Reed-Muller transform matrix P has a much more complex structure. Additionally, the best polarity of FPRM forms with the least on-set terms corresponds with the polarity of SOP forms with the best 'order' of the on-set minterms. Applying these algebraic properties of the transform matrix P, a fast algorithm is presented to obtain the best polarity of FPRM expressions for large multiple Output Boolean functions. The computation time is independent of the number of outputs. The developed program is tested oil common personal computers and the results for benchmark examples of up to 25 inputs and 29 outputs are presented.
Teacher Reflection in Teaching Practices - A Methodological Proposal for Its Operationalization

This research studies teacher reflection as a tool to improve teaching practice, focusing on student learning. The objective is to describe the way in which teachers in the area operationalize reflection in the practice of science teaching in various higher education careers. The theoretical framework takes elements from didactics, and the concepts of reflection in action from various theoretical references, especially Donald Schön. This research proposes a qualitative approach with an interpretative-naturalistic, epistemological, ontological and pragmatic paradigm, using the case study as a research method, with a purposive sample. The methodological techniques for data collection proposed are semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations and stimulated recall interviews. The analysis of the data should be carried out by generating a matrix of meanings containing the description of teaching practices, after reflection on their teaching methods and science teaching strategies.
The Impact of Incomplete Nutrient Consumption in the Southern Ocean on Global Mean Ocean Nitrate δ15N

It is understood that the global mean ocean nitrate δ15N is set by the δ15N of the input of fixed nitrogen (N) to the ocean (mostly N2 fixation) and the net isotopic discrimination of fixed N loss (mostly denitrification). Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to the fixed nitrogen input/output budget, the isotopic discrimination of nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean also plays a role in setting the δ15N of both deep ocean nitrate and global mean ocean nitrate. A prognostic model is used to simulate the global overturning circulation, focusing on the Southern Ocean overturning cell that ventilates the global pycnocline. N2 fixation and denitrification occur mainly in the model's surface and pycnocline boxes, as is appropriate given the observations. Experiments with this model indicate that, at a steady state, pycnocline nitrate δ15N is mostly controlled by the ocean's fixed N budget. Simultaneously, partial nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean sets the nitrate δ15N difference between the pycnocline and the deep ocean, lowering the δ15N of deep ocean nitrate and thus also of global mean ocean nitrate. The Southern Ocean's impact on deep and mean ocean nitrate δ15N depends on (a) the degree of nitrate consumption in the Southern Ocean surface waters and (b) the proportion of water that enters the pycnocline by subduction from the Southern Ocean surface. Including the effect of the Southern Ocean on mean ocean nitrate δ15N modestly reduces a previously calculated imbalance between fixed N inputs and outputs. Moreover, this effect has implications for paleoceanographic N isotope records.
Extension of on-surface radiation condition theory to scattering by two-dimensional homogeneous dielectric objects

A recent analytical formulation by G.A. Kriegsmann et al. (see ibid., vol.AP-35, p.153-61, Feb. 1987) of electromagnetic wave scattering by perfectly conducting two-dimensional objects using the on-surface radiation boundary condition approach is extended to the case of two-dimensional homogeneous convex dielectric objects. It is shown that a substantial simplification in the analysis can be obtained by applying the outgoing radiation boundary condition on the surface of the object. The analysis procedure decouples the fields in the two regions to yield explicitly a differential equation relationship between the external incident field excitation and the corresponding field distribution in the interior of the dielectric object. The interior fields can be obtained by solving the differential equation using either an analytical approach or a suitable numerical method. Two-dimensional scattering examples along with validations are reported, showing the near-surface field distributions for a homogeneous circular dielectric cylinder and an elliptic dielectric cylinder, with with transverse magnetic plane-wave excitation. >
Rapid optical variability in radio-quiet QSOs

ABSTRA C T We report results of the observations at the Vainu Bappu Observatory and the Uttar Pradesh State Observatory of eight radio-quiet quasi-stellar objects (RQQSOs) during 1996‐99. This is a part of our ongoing programme to search for intranight optical variability in RQQSOs. Additional evidence for very rapid variability in three of the five optically bright and very luminous RQQSOs we had observed earlier, 10492006, 14441408 and 16301377, was found. Of the three newly observed RQQSOs, the data for 00431039 are too noisy to allow conclusions about variability to be drawn, but 07481294 and 08241098 show strong hints of microvariability. We also present a summary of the results from our entire programme to date, which includes observations of 16 radio-quiet QSOs and one radio-weak QSO, and compare the general properties of rapid variability in radio-quiet versus radio-loud AGN as determined from our work and that of several other groups. Observations of this kind are likely to play a key role in understanding the relative contributions of accretion discs and relativistic plasma jets to rapid optical fluctuations of AGN.
Modeling a Hybrid Power System with Intermediate Energy Storage

The purpose of this work is to develop a model for balancing the processes of the generation and consumption of electricity, taking into account the random nature of these processes. The subject of the study is hybrid power systems that use traditional and renewable energy sources and have the properties of a local network. Such systems are sensitive to variable generation modes, and the presence of rapid changes in power requires short time intervals. The presence of wind and solar power plants makes it difficult to ensure a balance of power, which increases the need for intermediate energy storage. The research method is a mathematical modeling of random processes of energy consumption and generation, which allows for the analysis of the current power balancing and the obtaining of the integrated characteristics of the state of energy storage and reuse. The unique goal of the study is to take into account the power gradients and the state of charge of the batteries. The results of the study allow for the comparison of the different configurations of the power system in terms of balance, storage needs, and energy loss. It has been shown that the increase in battery capacity and speed limitations are nonlinearly related to the possibilities of energy conservation and the probability of the incomplete use of the capabilities of the energy storage system.
Combining the outputs of functional models of organs responsible for binaural cue decoding

The binaural cue decoding in the human auditory pathway occurs in the medial superior olive (MSO) and the lateral superior olive (LSO). The MSO is sensitive to interaural time difference (ITD), whereas the LSO is sensitive to interaural level difference as well as to ITD at low frequencies. Functional models of such organs have been presented previously (V. Pulkki & T. Hirvonen, Acta Acoustica united with Acoustica 95, 883 - 900, 2009). However, the outputs of those models are not as such applicable as the level of the output varies for a point-like broadband stimulus depending on the frequency and between the models. Here, a method is presented to combine the outputs of such models and an additional model of the MSO designed to decode directional cues based on broadband envelope time-shifts between the ear canal signals. Applicable cues are obtained by mapping the outputs into azimuth direction values following the idea of self-calibration, and by favoring the cue values suggesting more lateral direction.
High-Temperature Superconducting Interconnects for Ultra-Low Temperature, High-Field Environments

Coplanar (with the ground) 20 cm long waveguides are manufactured from the YBCO-on-Kapton material. We investigate the effect of parasitic ground plane resonances on the performance of these waveguides. It is concluded that dense rows stitching vias are essential for isolating the lines to a level below 60 dB at 6 GHz. We demonstrate a metalized via technology that is compatible with both the traditional Flexible Printed Circuit (FPC) process and the epitaxial YBCO material. Stitching via fence with the via period 10 mm is shown as effective in suppressing parasitic resonances at 77 K.
An index of local sensitivity to non-ignorability for parametric survival models with potential non-random missing covariate: an application to the SEER cancer registry data

Several survival regression models have been developed to assess the effects of covariates on failure times. In various settings, including surveys, clinical trials and epidemiological studies, missing data may often occur due to incomplete covariate data. Most existing methods for lifetime data are based on the assumption of missing at random (MAR) covariates. However, in many substantive applications, it is important to assess the sensitivity of key model inferences to the MAR assumption. The index of sensitivity to non-ignorability (ISNI) is a local sensitivity tool to measure the potential sensitivity of key model parameters to small departures from the ignorability assumption, needless of estimating a complicated non-ignorable model. We extend this sensitivity index to evaluate the impact of a covariate that is potentially missing, not at random in survival analysis, using parametric survival models. The approach will be applied to investigate the impact of missing tumor grade on post-surgical mortality outcomes in individuals with pancreas-head cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set. For patients suffering from cancer, tumor grade is an important risk factor. Many individuals in these data with pancreas-head cancer have missing tumor grade information. Our ISNI analysis shows that the magnitude of effect for most covariates (with significant effect on the survival time distribution), specifically surgery and tumor grade as some important risk factors in cancer studies, highly depends on the missing mechanism assumption of the tumor grade. Also a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed index in detecting sensitivity of key model parameters.
Medicinal Traits of the Phenolic Compound from Foeniculum vulgare for Oligomenorrhea

: A phenolic compound in Foeniculum vulgare can improve human health. Foeniculum vulgar contains ﬂavonoids, glycosides, and other constituents that are used for medicinal ailments. Trans-anethole, fenchone, and estragole essential oils are the main ingredients in F. vulgare seeds. The principle component of fennel oil, anethole, has structural similarity with the synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol, making it an active estrogenic agent. Women with PCOS may exhibit obesity, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, infertility, or androgenic features, which are characterized by the absence of ovulation and hyperandrogenism. Oligomenorrhea is a kind of irregular menstruation period. Treatment of oligomenorrhea depends on the causes; the main cause of oligomenorrhea is the presence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), with 75–85%experiencing infrequent periods. This mini-review focuses on F. vulgare seeds as an advantageous addition to treat PCOS. Women with PCOS also have a lower level of the hormone progesterone due to the absence or reduction in ovulation. Numerous phytoestrogens can be found in F.vulgare seeds; with less insulin resistance and lower blood sugar level, fennel phytoestrogen content is beneﬁcial. It is also thought to aid in reducing the cellularim balance that causes PCOS’s metabolic abnormalities.
The Efficacy and Safety of Tolvaptan in Heart Failure Patients with Congestive Signs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan, as well as the impact of its treatment dose and duration in heart failure patients with congestive signs. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched to collect data from all randomized controlled trials (RCT) examining the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in heart failure patients with congestive signs compared with placebo or blank control until March 4, 2021. Urine volume, change in body weight, improvement in dyspnea, and reduction of edema were evaluated as efficacy indicators. All-cause mortality, worsening heart failure, and adverse events were considered safety indicators. The quality of eligible publications was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias for RCTs. Results: Ten RCTs with 5,980 patients were included in this analysis. Compared with control, tolvaptan significantly reduced weight in the short term (day 1, 7 RCTs, weighted mean difference (WMD): –1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): –1.27 to –0.91; day 2, 2 RCTs, WMD: –1.67, 95% CI: –3.00 to –0.33; day 7, 4 RCTs, WMD: –0.95, 95% CI: –1.25 to –0.66), increased urine volume (WMD: 1,825.72, 95% CI: 1,438.38–2,213.07), and relieved dyspnea (risk ratio (RR): 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.19) without increasing the mortality rate (RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.87–1.06). Furthermore, the weight loss and increase in urine volume were not dose-dependent effects, and prolonged medication did not lead to sustained weight loss. In addition, there seemed to be more adverse events (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03–1.32) after treatment with tolvaptan. Further analysis revealed that patients treated with tolvaptan were more likely to report thirst (RR: 6.09, 95% CI: 3.37–11.00) and dry mouth (RR: 6.36, 95% CI: 4.09–9.90), as well as develop hypernatremia (RR: 12.76, 95% CI: 3.52–46.32). Conclusions: The meta-analysis shows that tolvaptan can improve congestion with no increase in mortality rate, but should be used to guard against adverse events. Deserve to be mentioned, the number of RCTs included was limited, suggesting that the observed results should be interpreted with caution. Additional robust clinical studies are warranted to validate the present findings.
In situ synthesis and thermoelectric properties of La-doped Mg2(Si, Sn) composites

Utilizing the peritectic reaction and the miscibility gap featured in the pseudo-binary phase diagram of Mg2Si and Mg2Sn, we fabricated environmentally friendly Mg2(Si, Sn) thermoelectric (TE) composites in which the Mg2Si-rich bulk grains were in situ coated by Mg2Sn-rich thin layers. The Mg2Sn-rich grain boundary phase was selectively doped with La. It was found that the La doping dramatically increased the electrical conductivity to thermal conductivity ratio in the composites. As a result, a dimensionless figure of merit ZT ∼ 0.81 has been attained at 810 K for the Mg2−xLax(Si, Sn) in situ composite with x = 0.005, significantly higher than the ZT ∼0.18 at 540 K for the undoped composite and comparable to ZT ∼ 0.8 of state-of-the-art PbTe intermediate temperature TE alloys.
Quantum Theory of Gravity. I. The Canonical Theory

Following an historical introduction, the conventional canonical formulation of general relativity theory is presented. The canonical Lagrangian is expressed in terms of the extrinsic and intrinsic curvatures of the hypersurface ${x}^{0}=\mathrm{constant}$, and its relation to the asymptotic field energy in an infinite world is noted. The distinction between finite and infinite worlds is emphasized. In the quantum theory the primary and secondary constraints become conditions on the state vector, and in the case of finite worlds these conditions alone govern the dynamics. A resolution of the factor-ordering problem is proposed, and the consistency of the constraints is demonstrated. A 6-dimensional hyperbolic Riemannian manifold is introduced which takes for its metric the coefficient of the momenta in the Hamiltonian constraint. The geodesic incompletability of this manifold, owing to the existence of a frontier of infinite curvature, is demonstrated. The possibility is explored of relating this manifold to an infinite-dimensional manifold of 3-geometries, and of relating the structure of the latter manifold in turn to the dynamical behavior of space-time. The problem is approached through the WKB approximation and Hamilton-Jacobi theory. Einstein's equations are revealed as geodesic equations in the manifold of 3-geometries, modified by the presence of a "force term. " The classical phenomenon of gravitational collapse shows that the force term is not powerful enough to prevent the trajectory of space-time from running into the frontier. The as-yet unresolved problem of determining when the collapse phenomenon represents a real barrier to the quantum-state functional is briefly discussed, and a boundary condition at the barrier is proposed. The state functional of a finite world can depend only on the 3-geometry of the hypersurface ${x}^{0}=\mathrm{constant}$. The label ${x}^{0}$ itself is irrelevant, and "time" must be determined intrinsically. A natural definition for the inner product of two such state functionals is introduced which, however, encounters difficulties with negative probabilities owing to the barrier boundary condition. In order to resolve these difficulties, a simplified model, the quantized Friedmann universe, is studied in detail. In order to obtain nonstatic wave functions which resemble a universe evolving, it is necessary to introduce a clock. In order that the combined wave functions of universe-cum-clock be normalizable, it turns out that the periods of universe and clock must be commensurable. Wave packets exhibiting quasiclassical behavior are constructed, and attention is called to the phenomenological character of "time. " The innerproduct definition is rescued from its negative-probability difficulties by making use of the fact that probability flows in a closed finite circuit in configuration space. The article ends with some speculations on the uniqueness of the state functional of the actual universe. It is suggested that a viewpoint due to Everett should be adopted in its interpretation.
Design of CNTFET based Ternary Subtractor using Unary Operators

The Ternary logic, a Multiple-valued Logic(MVL), which is an alternative approach of the conventional Binary logic has gained the attention of VLSI designers because of its advantages of higher operating speeds, lesser chip area and reduced interconnects. The principal aim of Multi-threshold design can be achieved by using of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNTFETs) by incorporating the scalable threshold voltages of it. The article proposes a CNTFET deployed Ternary Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor with improved Energy consumption. The paper also uses Unary operators for improving its performance. Simulations are done in CNTFET 32nm technology at 900mv for realizing the performance metric of the circuits in the terms of Energy consumption.