Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of the oxygen vacancy concentration in InGaZnO-based resistance random access memory

Resistance random access memory (RRAM) composed of stacked aluminum (Al)/InGaZnO(IGZO)/Al is investigated with different gallium concentrations. The stoichiometric ratio (x) of gallium in the InGaxZnO is varied from 0 to 4 for intentional control of the concentration of the oxygen vacancies (VO), which influences the electrical characteristics of the RRAM. No Ga in the IGZO (x = 0) significantly increases the value of VO and leads to a breakdown of the IGZO. In contrast, a high Ga concentration (x = 4) suppresses the generation of VO; hence, resistive switching is disabled. The optimal value of x is 2. Accordingly, enduring RRAM characteristics are achieved.
Early detection of Alzheimer’s disease based on machine learning scenarios

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is irreversible and insidious. Contemporarily, there is a very high incidence in the elderly and the causality of the disease remains unclear. The existing medications can only relieve the symptoms but cannot cure them completely. At present, the state-of-art machine learning approaches have been widely used in neurological diseases. This paper proposes machine learning approach to predict whether people will develop AD at an early stage based on the data from OASIS. By comparing the prediction results of four machine learning methods, the BP Neural Network had the best performance, whose accuracy rate reaches 86%. In terms of the state-of-art model to diagnose AD, it could lead to a reduction in the use of medical equipment and interventions at an earlier stage. Overall, these results shed light on broadening the implementation of machine learning techniques in medicine.
Flux-tube divergence, coronal heating, and the solar wind

Using model calculations based on a self-consistent treatment of the coronal energy balance, we show how the magnetic flux-tube divergence rate controls the coronal temperature and the properties of the solar wind. For a fixed input of mechanical and Alfven-wave energy at the coronal base, we find that as the divergence rate increases, the maximum coronal temperature decreases but the mass flux leaving the Sun gradually increases. As a result, the asymptotic wind speed decreases with increasing expansion factor near the Sun, in agreement with empirical studies
Formation of hydrogen molecules on interstellar grain surfaces

The problem of the formation of hydrogen molecules from hydrogen atmos in interstellar dust clouds is reconsidered, and the physical bases of relations between (a) the heats of adsorption of hydrogen atmos on dust grains and (b) the grain surface temperatures, are reviewed and re-examined. To be specific, the case of graphite grains is considered throughout. The analysis differs from previous work at several points, and some ot the conclustions are accordingly different.
Coding-theoretic approach to SAR image segmentation

In this paper, a coding theoretic approach is presented for the unsupervised segmentation of SAR images. The approach implements Rissanen's concept of Minimum Description Length (MDL) for estimating piecewise homogeneous regions. Our image model is a Gaussian random field whose mean and variance functions are piecewise constant across the image. The model is intended to capture variations in both mean value (intensity) and variance (texture). We adopt a multiresolution/progressive encoding approach to this segmentation problem and use MDL to penalize overly complex segmentations. We develop two different approaches both of which achieve fast unsupervised segmentation. One algorithm is based on an adaptive (greedy) rectangular recursive partitioning scheme. The second algorithm is based on an optimally-pruned wedgelet-decorated dyadic partition. We present simulation results on SAR data to illustrate the performance obtained with these segmentation techniques.
Current status of bariatric surgery perceptions in Hail region, Saudi Arabia

Background: Obesity is a chief communal health dilemma that considered an epidemic worldwide including Saudi Arabia, where the preferred method for weight loss is bariatric surgery. The presence of some misconceptions among some people in Saudi society may cause a decrease in the level of making the right decisions and the appropriate way to deal with their weight. Aim: The current study conducted to evaluate the awareness of the adult population in the Hail region as regards to the safety, usefulness, as well as the consequences of bariatric surgery as an option for weight loss. Methodology: A cross sectional web survey admini stered to include Saudi adults’ population older than 15 years of their age in the Hail region, from January to August 2022. Results: A 400 participants from Hail, Saudi Arabia responded to the web survey. With respect to demography, 76% of participants were aged 15-30 years old. Most (61.5%) were male. A 56 (14%) of the participants had a medical history of obesity. Regarding participants' perceptions regarding obesity, factors that aid in weight reduction, and bariatric surgery, it was found that most participants had an intermediate level of awareness. Conclusion: It should shed light on the role of physicians and health educators in informing patients and providing them with the essential details to augment their knowledge and awareness regarding obesity, ways to lose weight and bariatric surgery.
Non?diffraction-limited light transport by gold nanowires

We show that metal nanowires sustaining collective electron oscillations (surface plasmon polaritons) can be used as optical waveguides. Thereby, the use of a metal allows to overcome the limitations of miniaturization imposed on conventional dielectric waveguides due to diffraction. To demonstrate this effect we investigate a 200 nm wide and 50 nm high gold nanowire locally excited at a light wavelength of 800 nm. By direct imaging the optical near-field with subwavelength-resolution photon scanning tunneling microscopy we observe light transport along the nanowire over a distance of a few μm. Besides the realization of unprecedented integration densities of photonic devices, metal nanowires could be effectively used to optically address individual nanostructures or molecules.
Optimal information extraction in probabilistic teleportation

In Li et al.'s work on optimal probabilistic teleportation in the two-level case [W. L. Li, C. F. Li, and G. C. Guo, Phys. Rev. A 61, 034301(2000)], the authors consider the extraction of the unknown qubit ‖Φ)=α 0 ‖0≥ + α 1 ‖1> from the qubit ‖ψ>=(1/√N)(α 0 β‖ 0 ‖ 0 >+α 1 β‖ 1 ‖1>). In this paper, we consider the extraction in the n-level case. It is proved that, under some specific collective unitary transformation U on ‖ψ> and auxiliary qubits as probe, the maximal probability of successfully extracting the wanted qubit is (1/N)min{β 2 i }. It is also shown that the entries of such U are independent of all unknown α i . The result can also be used in the purification of the entanglement via entanglement swapping.
Stock Price Forecasting in Real Estate Industry Based on Investor Sentiment

Stock price fluctuations are unstable, and investors' decision-making is also subject to the influence of their feelings. This study suggests a real estate stock price prediction approach based on investors' moods in response to the present phenomena that investors' desire to participate in the real estate development business is falling and risk aversion is increasing. Firstly, we quantify the stock bar comment scores combined with the Baidu search index to construct a composite sentiment index. Next, we combine additional stock price influencing factors and perform functional principal component analysis and dimensionality reduction to address the issue of multiple covariances. Finally, we input the index into CNN's prediction model to determine when the stock price will rise or fall.
Differences in meat quality between Angus cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle in association with gut microbiota and its lipid metabolism

Gut microbiota plays important roles in mediating fat metabolic events in humans and animals. However, the differences of meat quality traits related to the lipid metabolism (MQT-LM) in association with gut microbiota involving in lipid metabolism have not been well explored between Angus cattle (AG) and Xinjiang brown cattle (BC). Ten heads of 18-month-old uncastrated male AG and BC (5 in each group) raised under the identical conditions were selected to test MQT-LM, i.e., the backfat thickness (BFT), the intramuscular fat (IMF) content, the intramuscular adipocyte areas (IAA), the eye muscle area (EMA), the muscle fiber sectional area (MFSA) and the muscle shear force after sacrifice. The gut microbiota composition and structure with its metabolic function were analyzed by means of metagenomics and metabolomics with rectal feces. The correlation of MQT-LM with the gut microbiota and its metabolites was analyzed. In comparison with AG, BC had significant lower EMA, IMF content and IAA but higher BFT and MFSA. Chao1 and ACE indexes of α-diversity were lower. β-diversity between AG and BC were significantly different. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella and Blautia and Prevotella copri, Blautia wexlerae, and Ruminococcus gnavus was lower. The lipid metabolism related metabolites, i.e., succinate, oxoglutaric acid, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid were lower, while GABA, L-asparagine and fumaric acid were higher. IMF was positively correlated with Prevotella copri, Blautia wexlerae and Ruminococcus gnavus, and the metabolites succinate, oxoglutaric acid, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid, while negatively with GABA, L-asparagine and fumaric acid. BFT was negatively correlated with Blautia wexlerae and the metabolites succinate, L-aspartic acid and L-glutamic acid, while positively with GABA, L-asparagine and fumaric acid. Prevotella Copri, Blautia wexlerae, and Ruminococcus gnavus was all positively correlated with succinate, oxoglutaric acid, while negatively with L-asparagine and fumaric acid. In conclusion, Prevotella copri, Prevotella intermedia, Blautia wexlerae, and Ruminococcus gnavus may serve as the potential differentiated bacterial species in association with MQT-LM via their metabolites of oxoglutaric acid, succinate, fumaric acid, L-aspartic acid, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid and GABA between BC and AG.
Instabilities in evaporating liquid layer with insoluble surfactant

The stability of an evaporating liquid layer with insoluble surfactant distributed over the free deformable surface is studied theoretically. The insoluble surfactant hinders the evaporation, and mass flux through the interface is a decreasing function of surfactant concentration. Density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of the gaseous phase are assumed to be small compared with those of the liquid phase, and a one-sided model is applied. A system of nonlinear equations is obtained using the long-wave approximation and the assumption of a slow time evolution. These equations incorporate basic physical effects which take place in the system. Linear stability analysis of the base state is performed for long-wave disturbances in the framework of the frozen interface approximation. The cases of quasi-equilibrium evaporation (when the interfacial temperature equals the equilibrium one) and nonequilibrium evaporation are considered. In addition to a monotonic instability mode, an oscillatory mode has been f.
Probability hypothesis density tracking for interacting vehicles in traffic

Recent work has shown that the random finite set (RFS) approach to multi-target tracking is a computationally viable alternative to the traditional data association based approaches. An assumption in these approaches is that the targets move independently of each other. In this paper, we introduce the concept of a random finite graph and study its application to the tracking of interacting vehicles in traffic. A random finite graph is a random variable taking values in the set of finite directed graphs. The graph describes the influence of vehicles on the motion of other vehicles. The connected components of the graph define groups of vehicles that move independently of other groups. We treat the connected components as the independent entities upon which to perform RFS-based tracking. The approach is illustrated with an arterial traffic simulation in which vehicles interact among themselves through car-following and with traffic control devices at intersections.
Iterative robust filtering for ground target tracking

Robust filtering for state-space estimation has been studied. The application domain emphasises air-to-ground target tracking with remote sensing devices such as radar. An analysis indicates that in this application, target model uncertainties predominantly exist in the observation model and target input process noise model. For this reason, the development of a filter with robustness towards these two types of uncertainties has been the focus of the authors. A challenge to the design is that the uncertainties are highly non-stationary with the result that predefined bounds on uncertainties generally cannot provide the required filtering accuracy. Therefore, a successful robust filter for such applications must include a mechanism to predict instant bounds on certainties and, to this end, an iterative robust filter is developed on the basis of least squares optimisation criteria. Compared with existing robust filters, the novelty of this new filtering is to predict the worst-case uncertainty so that tight bounds on the involved uncertainties can be applied and the state estimates can be obtained more accurately.
Scenario-Based Programming of Voice-Controlled Medical Robotic Systems

An important issue in medical robotics is communication between physicians and robots. Speech-based communication is of particular advantage in robot-assisted surgery. It frees the surgeon’s hands; hence, he can focus on the principal tasks. Man-machine voice communication is the subject of research in various domains (industry, social robotics), but medical robots are very specific. They must precisely synchronize their activities with operators. Voice commands must be possibly short. They must be executed without significant delays. An important factor is the use of a vision system that provides visual information in direct synchronization with surgeon actions. Its functions could be also controlled using speech. The aim of the research presented in this paper was to develop a method facilitating creation of voice-controlled medical robotic systems, fulfilling the mentioned requirements and taking into account possible scenarios of man-machine collaboration in such systems. A robot skill description (RSD) format was proposed in order to facilitate programming of voice control applications. A sample application was developed, and experiments were conducted in order to draw conclusions regarding the usefulness of speech-based interfaces in medical robotics. The results show that a reasonable selection of system functions controlled by voice may lead to significant improvement of man-machine collaboration.
Relationships between DPOAE and TEOAE amplitude and phase characteristics

Most published data comparing the amplitudes of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and bi-tonally evoked otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) indicate a low level of correlation, raising the question to what extent do the two responses share the same relationship with hearing function. However, DPOAE intensities are sensitive to stimulus parameters and comparisons with TEOAE have mostly been made with the specific range of DPOAE parameters found to optimize DP output level. To determine if other DPOAE stimulus parameter domains give closer correspondence between TEOAE and DPOAE characteristics, 2 f1−f2 and 2 f2−f1 DPOAE intensity and phase measurements were made across a sample 1/2-octave frequency range centered on 2 kHz in nine normally hearing subjects using a wide range of stimulus parameter configurations. The DP fine structure was resolved by detailed measurements and the mean DP levels were compared to those in the corresponding frequency range from TEOAE measurements obtained with the same .
Three‐Generation Households in a Central and Eastern European Country: The Case of Hungary

Using data from censuses and a microcensus between 1980 and 2016, this study examines the trends in three‐generational living arrangements, along with the factors that determine the prevalence and characteristics of the phenomenon in Hungary. Apart from the period between 1990 and 2001, the proportion of three‐generation households declined in all periods among households with children. In the decade after 1990, the rate increased due to the post‐transition economic recession and the severe housing shortage. The factors predicting a higher risk of three‐generation households were fairly consistent across the period considered, and the direction of the effect remained stable. However, some of those factors became more relevant over time (e.g., the education level of parents and single parenthood) and some became less relevant (e.g., rural residence). Meanwhile, three‐generation living is increasingly linked to social disadvantage, which is also the leading cause of poverty. This living arrangement is strongly associated with a stage in life where young people start to have children. Using data from the Hungarian Generations and Gender Survey, we determine that three‐generation living affects a significant proportion of families with children at a particular, relatively brief stage in their lives.
Spectrophotometry of filaments in the Crab Nebula

Photoelectric spectrophotometry of filaments in the Crab Nebula has been obtained with the Lick Observatory 3 m reflector, and intensities for a number of emission lines between 3400 and 7400 A are presented. Temperatures determined from (O III) lines range from 11,400 to 16,100 K, while the low-ionization species N/sup +/, O/sup +/, and S/sup +/ indicate lower temperatures near 8000 K. Abundance calculations suggest that oxygen, nitrogen, and neon, relative to hydrogen, are within a factor of 10 of what is considered normal. Sulfur appears to be overabundant, but this could be a result of the ionization structure rather than a true abundance effect. Helium lines yield apparent abundances in the range 0.46 to 0.87 relative to hydrogen by number and are consistent with the value N (He)/N (H) approx. =1 if allowance is made for neutral helium in the ionized hydrogen regions. There is little doubt that helium is considerably overabundant, and it is likely that the Crab Nebula contains over 1 M/sub sun/ of helium.
Causation without a cause

This article develops a constructionalist approach to “lexical” causatives, as in The sun melted the snow. It is argued that causation is a truly configurational meaning, arising as the interpretation of the syntactic combination of two verbal heads, the higher v representing the causing event (an unspecified dynamic vdo) and the lower v representing the resulting state named by the verbal root (a stative vbe). This structure contrasts with that of simple transitive activity verbs, which are monoeventive (vdo). A parallel contrast is established between bieventive inchoatives (vgo–vbe), as in The snow melted, and simple unaccusatives, as in The guests arrived (vgo). In this analysis, causatives and inchoatives both comprise two events and have an intersective nonderivational relationship. They share the lower resulting state; the type of the higher event distinguishes between the two. The analysis—developed with attention to Spanish data—can straightforwardly account for observed gaps in the causative alternation, the distribution of bare nouns, and scope ambiguity of adverbials and negation, and it sheds new light on the presence of reflexive morphology in inchoatives. The analysis implies that transitivity, as well as unaccusativity, can arise from two basic syntactic structures, on which distinctive verbal meanings are built. In this theory, no syntactic terminal or lexical verb expresses a relation between events; relations between events—such as causation, change of state, and resultatives—arise via semantic composition rules that interpret complex syntactic structures.
Revisiting South Korean industrial development and innovation policies: from implementation capability to design capability

ABSTRACT This study examines the effects of two types of technological capabilities, i.e. implementation and design capabilities, across different industrial development stages, and coherent yet evolving innovation policies to foster each of the technological capabilities. This framework provides a theoretical basis to analyse the two different types of non-continuous transitions between the stages of industrial development. It also explains that these transitions come from the accumulation of technological capability led by deliberate policy intervention to manage the transition process. The Korean industrial development experience shows how the country’s innovation policies and following upgrades in technological capability led to successful transitions of industries. The lessons from Korean development provide strong policy implications to countries facing slowdowns during industrial transitions, and explain the slowdowns from the perspective of two distinct technological capabilities.
The Effect of Swimming on Blood Lactate and Sleep, after Intense Efforts in Handball Players

Handball is a dynamic game and requires from the subjects an intense physical effort and a great psychic commitment. The handball training process has to solve a whole series of performance skills that are found in the handball game, in this respect in order to achieve both the offensive actions with accuracy and speed and to block the actions of the opposing team. The sooner handball players recover after training or matches, the more work can be done, and the increased levels of training translate into more efficient games. Swimming in general is associated with performance sports but also as a means of recreation and improvement of the quality of life, the horizontal position favouring this. In this regard we have investigated the efficiency of swimming in eliminating lactate from the blood, and increasing the quality of sleep after intense efforts, in the sense of optimizing sports efficiency. The study carried out on twenty amateur athletes handball players, aged between 19 and 25 years, being divided into two equal groups. The experiment group (Group 1), after intense effort, performed an active recovery with specific elements of swimming for 20 minutes at an intensity of 55-60% relative to the maximum heart rate, and the control group (Group 2) during this time achieved a passive recovery. The results of the study have shown that specific elements of swimming, after intense efforts, cause significant changes in the elimination of lactate from the blood and provide a quieter sleep for amateur athlete’s handball players members of the experiment group.