Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury progressed to chronic kidney disease in adults: A retrospective, observational cohort study

Introduction To retrospectively investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of cardiac surgery associated-acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) progressed to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adults and to evaluate the performance of clinical risk factor model for predicting CS-AKI to CKD. Methods In this retrospective, observational cohort study, we included patients who were hospitalized for CS-AKI without a prior CKD [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml · min−1·1.73 m−2] at Central China Fuwai Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Survived patients were followed up for 90 days, the endpoint was CS-AKI to CKD, and then divided them into two groups (with or without CS-AKI to CKD). The baseline data including demographics, comorbidities, renal function, and other laboratory parameters were compared between two groups. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for CS-AKI to CKD. Finally, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the performance of the clinical risk factor model for predicting CS-AKI to CKD. Results We included 564 patients with CS-AKI (414 males, 150 females; age: 57.55 ± 11.86 years); 108 (19.1%) patients progressed to new-onset CKD 90 days after CS-AKI. Patients with CS-AKI to CKD had a higher proportion of females, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, low baseline eGFR and hemoglobin level, higher serum creatinine level at discharge (P < 0.05) than those without CS-AKI to CKD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female sex(OR = 3.478, 95% CI: 1.844–6.559, P = 0.000), hypertension (OR = 1.835, 95% CI: 1.046–3.220, P = 0.034), coronary heart disease (OR = 1.779, 95% CI: 1.015–3.118, P = 0.044), congestive heart failure (OR = 1.908, 95% CI: 1.124–3.239, P = 0.017), preoperative low baseline eGFR (OR = 0.956, 95% CI: 0.938–0.975, P = 0.000), and higher serum creatinine level at discharge (OR = 1.109, 95% CI: 1.014–1.024, P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for CS-AKI to CKD. The clinical risk prediction model including female sex, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, preoperative low baseline eGFR, and higher serum creatinine level at discharge produced a moderate performance for predicting CS-AKI to CKD (area under ROC curve = 0.859, 95% CI: 0.823–0.896). Conclusion Patients with CS-AKI are at high risk for new-onset CKD. Female sex, comorbidities, and eGFR can help identify patients with a high risk for CS-AKI to CKD.
Identifying stream temperature variation by coupling meteorological, hydrological, and water temperature models

In this study, we demonstrate a physically based semi‐Lagrangian water temperature model known as the River Basin Model (RBM) coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model and Weather Research & Forecasting Model in the Mississippi River Basin (MRB). The results of this coupling compare favorably with observed water temperature data available from six river gages located in the MRB. Further sensitivity analysis indicates that the mean water temperatures may increase by 1.3, 1.5, and 1.8°C in northern, central, and southern MRB zones under a hypothetical uniform air temperature increase of 3.0°C. If air temperatures increase uniformly by 6.0°C in this scenario, then water temperatures are projected to increase by 3.3, 3.5, and 4.0°C. Lastly, downscaled air temperatures from a global climate model are used to drive the coupled VIC and RBM model from 2020 to 2099. Average stream temperatures from 2020 to 2099 increase by 1.0 to 8.0°C above 1950 to 2010 average water temperatures, with non‐uniform increases along the river. In some portions of the MRB, stream temperatures could increase above survival thresholds for several native fish species, which are critical components of the stream ecosystem. In addition, increased water temperatures interact with nutrient loadings from sources throughout the MRB, which is expected to exacerbate harmful algal blooms and dead zones in the Gulf of Mexico.
Ferroelectric hysteresis loops of (Pb,Ca)TiO3 thin films under spherical indentation

Ferroelectric switching under indentation forces has been studied for a set of (Pb,Ca)TiO3 ferroelectric thin films. A radius of contact of 10. 2μm and an average pressure of 1.5GPa have been estimated by Hertzian theory. The indentation stress field prevents the ferroelectric hysteresis loops from becoming saturated. Ferroelectric switching is hindered and apparent coercive fields as high as 400kVcm−1 were observed. As a consequence, small remnant polarizations were obtained. The effect is proposed to be caused by a combination of a decrease of the electric polarization that can be switched by 180° domain wall movements, as a consequence of stress induced 90° domain wall movements under the indentation force, and the clamping of the 90° domain walls by the indentation stress field.
Modified Tunneling Radiation of Fermions from a Spherically Symmetric Spacetime with Dark Matter

In the paper, we use the generalized Dirac equation to study the Hawking temperature and entropy of a spherically symmetric spacetime with the dark matter. The results show that the dark matter can influence the thermodynamic properties of the black hole. Meanwhile, we find the GUP corrected temperature and entropy are not only determined by the nature of black but also related to the properties of tunneling particles. Besides, the GUP can slow down the increase of Hawking temperature and causes the remnants.
Fabric dilatancy and the plasticity modeling of granular media

A novel conceptual model of the mechanics of sands is developed within an elastic–plastic framework. Central to this model is the realization that volume changes in anisotropic granular materials occur as a result of two fundamentally different mechanisms. The first is purely kinematic, dilative, and is the result of the changes in anisotropic fabric. There is also a second volume change in granular media that occurs as a direct response to changes in stress as in a standard elastic/plastic continuum. The inclusion of the two sources of volume change results in three important datum states. When subjected to isotropic strains, the resulting stress state in granular materials is not isotropic but lies upon the kinematic normal consolidation line. There exists a state at which the fabric‐induced volumetric strain rate becomes equal to the stress‐induced volumetric strain rate making the total plastic volumetric strain rate equal to zero. Granular response changes from contractive to dilative at this phase transformation line. The third datum state is the one in which the stress‐induced volumetric strain rate is zero. The sand, however, continues to dilate at this state with the difference between stress and dilation ratio a constant as predicted by Taylor's stress–dilatancy rule. These predictions are shown in accordance with experimental data from a series of drained tests and undrained on Ottawa sand. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RESIDENTIAL SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL IN HANGZHOU, CHINA

Residential spatial differentiation is an important social issue for every large city to explore. The “subcultural” clusters formed by the subjective choices of a city’s residents divide the living spaces of the city and create residential differentiation. A study of this phenomenon would help to facilitate the allocation of urban resources and the formulation of relevant development strategies. In recent years, Hangzhou, one of the major developed cities in China, has seen a gradual increase in the proportion of its non-local population. Employing principal component analysis and K-means clustering, this study investigated the city’s spatial differentiation of living spaces at the community level and identified the social clustering areas. The Shannon-Wiener index and the index of dissimilarity were used to examine the degree of residential segregation in each administrative district. The results showed that the functional distinctions among the districts of Hangzhou were pronounced and had certain degrees of class solidification. A certain spatial coupling was observed between residential differentiation and housing prices. More reasonable allocations of social resources would help to ameliorate the negative effects caused by the spatial differentiation of living spaces.
Virtual metrology scheme for predictive plasma uniformity diagnosis of plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process using optical emission spectroscopy

Plasma is widely used in etching, deposition, ashing, and ion implantation processes in the manufacturing processes of semiconductor and display devices. Recently, the role of plasma in semiconductor processes is becoming important because the pattern with high step coverage and aspect ratio is required as the semiconductor process is scaled. In particular, plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) is recently highlighted with excellent deposition uniformity compared to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) technologies. The density and the state of plasma during the process cannot always remain constant and can be changed by process variables and unpredictable process random fluctuations. Since this can cause yield drop and decrease in productivity, the methodology for monitoring and diagnosing the abnormality of plasma in real time during the process is essentially required. In this paper, the plasma monitoring using the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) in PE-ALD equipment to analyze the characteristics of the process variables. Based on the diagnosis results, the optimal process variable values were proposed, and a process performance predictive model is introduced by analyzing the correlation between variables. Based on the modeling results, the modeling output for the final deposited thickness can be predicted by the initial deposition rate, which can be developed as a virtual metrology system application. In addition, by applying this proposed virtual metrology scheme for the advanced process control (APC), it is possible to estimate the process output without whole wafer measuring, thereby improving the time and cost losses and the wafer-to-wafer variation in the semiconductor manufacturing industry.
Exploitation of second-and fourth-order PDEs to improve Lossy compression of noisy images

This paper presents a lossy compression method for noisy images. The main contributions in this paper are: improve the performance of noisy image compression algorithms by using partial differential equations (PDEs) as an image preprocessing filter and show that it is more advantageous to apply a restoration filter before compressing noise images. Method: The preprocessing filter is applied to the noisy image first. A comparing of the obtained outcomes with those in the scientific literature devoted to the restoration of noisy images is performed. The filtered image is then submitted to a compression algorithm. The compression algorithm employed is a hybrid of the following: DWT + SPIHT + HUFFMAN. Results: The simulation results demonstrate that the suggested technique is as efficient as approaches described in the scientific literature for picture compression and/or image restoration.
NOTE ON THE KALMAN FILTER WITH ESTIMATED PARAMETERS

Abstract. State estimation and prediction problems are considered for a stochastic process represented by a state space form which involves unknown parameters. We first study the stability of the Kalman filter corresponding to the state space form without assuming the stationarity of the process. Second, we consider the state estimation and prediction when the process is stationary, and show some asymptotic properties of the state estimates and predicted values obtained by the Kalman filter with estimated parameters which converge to the true parameters or to the equivalent classes of the true parameters with probability one.
Septic Abortion Secondary to Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus Complicated by Bacteremia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Peptoniphilus species are gram-positive anaerobic coccus (GPAC) that are found in the human flora, such as the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract, and can be pathogenic. Septic abortion caused by Peptoniphilus species has been reported only three times in the literature. Here, we present a case of Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus (P. asaccharolyticus) bacteremia as a complication of septic abortion.
THE INTERACTING ECLIPSING BINARY AU MONOCEROTIS REVISITED

New spectrographic observations of the Algol binary AU Monocerotis have permitted the determination of the orbital elements of the two components of the system. They have further suggested that the image tube spectrograph that was attached to the CTIO 1m-reflecting telescope in 1978 and 1979 was not quite suitable for radial velocity work.
Sustainability assessment of virtual water flows through cereal and milled grain trade among US counties

Transference of the embedded water, so-called virtual water, in the trade of crops among regions within a country is often neglected, leading to no information about the impacts on the water resources of exporting regions, especially if those regions are water-stressed or, worse, water-scarce. Virtual water trade, if not considered through the lens of sustainability, could lead to adverse effects on the water resources of an exporting region. Previous related studies have quantified virtual water trade among the states in the United States providing valuable insights; however, information for specific crop trade among counties, its water footprint (WF) at the county scale, the resultant virtual water flow among counties, and the sustainability assessment of those virtual water flows are lacking. In this study, we calculate the green and blue WF of cereal and milled grain products at the county level and then, using trade data, calculate the virtual water flows among the counties. Then, we assess the sustainability of the import by introducing unsustainable import fraction (UIF), which is the ratio of virtual water imported from water-scarce counties to that of total virtual water imported in the form of cereal and milled grains. Finally, we quantify the change in UIF from the 2007–2017 period. A few of the significant insights discovered through this analysis include: (i) most of the cereal and milled grains trade is occurring among neighboring counties; ii) one-third of US counties import 75% or more virtual water from water scarce regions; (iii) in 2017, Texas and Missouri were the largest importer and exporter, respectively; and (iv) the number of counties importing cereals and milled grains from water-scarce counties increased from 2007 to 2017. Recommendations on alleviating the negative effects of the unsustainable import of cereal and milled grain are provided toward the end of the discussion.
Murine colon organoids as a novel model to study Trypanosoma cruzi infection and interactions with the intestinal epithelium

Chagas disease (CD) is a life-threatening illness caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). With around seven million people infected worldwide and over 50,000 deaths per year, CD is a major public health issue in Latin America. The main route of transmission to humans is through a triatomine bug (vector-borne), but congenital and oral transmission have also been reported. The acute phase of CD presents mild symptoms but may develop into a long-lasting chronic illness, characterized by severely impaired cardiac, digestive, and neurological functions. The intestinal tissue appears to have a key role during oral transmission and chronic infection of CD. In this immune-privileged reservoir, dormant/quiescent parasites have been suggested to contribute to disease persistence, infection relapse, and treatment failure. However, the interaction between the intestinal epithelium and T. cruzi has not been examined in depth, in part, due to the lack of in vitro models that approximate to the biological and structural complexity of this tissue. Therefore, to understand the role played by the intestinal tissue during transmission and chronic infection, physiological models resembling the organ complexity are needed. Here we addressed this issue by establishing and characterizing adult stem cell-derived colonoid infection models that are clinically relevant for CD. 3D and 2D systems of murine intestinal organoids infected with T. cruzi Dm28c (a highly virulent strain associated with oral outbreaks) were analyzed at different time points by confocal microscopy. T. cruzi was able to invade and replicate in intestinal epithelial primary cells grown as intact organoids (3D) and monolayers (2D). The permissiveness to pathogen infection differed markedly between organoids and cell lines (primate and intestinal human cell lines). So far, this represents the first evidence of the potential that these cellular systems offer for the study of host-pathogen interactions and the discovery of effective anti-chagasic drugs.
In Vitro Comparison of Sex-Specific Splicing Efficiencies of fem Pre-mRNA under Monoallelic and Heteroallelic Conditions of csd, a Master Sex-Determining Gene in the Honeybee

The sexual fate of honeybees is determined by the complementary sex determination (CSD) model: heterozygosity at a single locus (the CSD locus) determines femaleness, while hemizygosity or homozygosity at the CSD locus determines maleness. The csd gene encodes a splicing factor that regulates sex-specific splicing of the downstream target gene feminizer (fem), which is required for femaleness. The female mode of fem splicing occurs only when csd is present in the heteroallelic condition. To gain insights into how Csd proteins are only activated under the heterozygous allelic composition, we developed an in vitro assay system to evaluate the activity of Csd proteins. Consistent with the CSD model, the co-expression of two csd alleles, both of which lack splicing activity under the single-allele condition, restored the splicing activity that governs the female mode of fem splicing. RNA immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR analyses demonstrated that the CSD protein was specifically enriched in several exonic regions in the fem pre-mRNA, and enrichment in exons 3a and 5 was significantly greater under the heterozygous allelic composition than the single-allelic condition. However, in most cases csd expression under the monoallelic condition was capable of inducing the female mode of fem splicing contrary to the conventional CSD model. In contrast, repression of the male mode of fem splicing was predominant under heteroallelic conditions. These results were reproduced by real-time PCR of endogenous fem expression in female and male pupae. These findings strongly suggest that the heteroallelic composition of csd may be more important for the repression of the male splicing mode than for the induction of the female splicing mode of the fem gene.
Optimation of Emulgel Combination of Tea Tree Oil and Lavender Oil: Evaluation and Antibacterial Study

The terpinene-4-ol contained in tea tree oil has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Lavender oil contains linalool which also has antibacterial properties. So, they can be anti-acne. Both oils are formulated as emulgel hand sanitizers because this form has a better-controlled drug release effect and stability. The emulgel contained tea tree oil at 5% combined with lavender oil at 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The evaluation consisted of physical and chemical characteristics, irritation, and antibacterial activity on skin bacteria. The results showed that each organoleptic formula had white color and a distinctive aroma of both essential oils. The texture was soft, homogeneous, and oil-in-water emulsion type; the viscosity and pH were within the specification range. All the formulas met the dispersion requirements. For the irritation test result using HET CAM methods, the preparation caused mild irritation, and the value of the irritating score increased when lavender oil levels increased. In the antibacterial test for Cutibacterium acnes, the addition of lavender oil intensified the antibacterial activity of tea tree oil. On the other hand, an antibacterial test for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis of lavender oil added to tea tree oil does not influence the antibacterial activity of tea tree oil in emulgel preparation. Keywords: emulgel of combination tea tree oil and lavender oil, characteristic, irritation effect, antibacterial property
Using a polynomial decoupling algorithm for state-space identification of a Bouc-Wen system

where ζ (x(t),u(t)) and η(x(t),u(t)) are both vectors with monomials in the states x(t) and the inputs u(t). The matrices E and F contain the polynomial coefficients. The PNLSS model is very flexible as it can capture many different types of nonlinear behavior, such as nonlinear feedback and hysteresis. This flexibility generally comes at the cost of a large number of parameters. Increasing the order of the polynomials for example leads to a combinatorial increase of the number of parameters due to the multivariate nature of the polynomials Eζ (x(t),u(t)) and Fη(x(t),u(t)). In this study, the PNLSS approach is used to model a BoucWen hysteretic system [2]. The multivariate polynomials Eζ (x(t),u(t)) and Fη(x(t),u(t)) are decoupled using the method in [3]. Like this, the nonlinearity in the PNLSS model is described in terms of univariate polynomials for which increasing their order is not so parameter expensive. 2 Methodology In a first step, we estimate the best linear approximation (BLA) [4] of the system. A linear state-space model estimated on the BLA serves as an initial guess for the PNLSS model in (1) and (2), which is optimized using a LevenbergMarquardt approach. In a second step, the multivariate polynomials Eζ (t) and Fη(t) are decoupled using the decomposition method in [3]:
Genetic Diversity and Phylogeography of a Turf-Forming Cosmopolitan Marine Alga, Gelidium crinale (Gelidiales, Rhodo-Phyta)

Cosmopolitan species are rare in red algae, which have a low-dispersal capacity unless they are dispersed by human-mediated introductions. Gelidium crinale, a turf-forming red alga, has a widespread distribution in tropical and temperate waters. To decipher the genetic diversity and phylogeography of G. crinale, we analyzed mitochondrial COI-5P and plastid rbcL sequences from collections in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Phylogenies of both markers statistically supported the monophyly of G. crinale, with a close relationship to G. americanum and G. calidum from the Western Atlantic. Based on the molecular analysis from these materials, Pterocladia heteroplatos from India is here merged with G. crinale. Phylogeny and TCS networks of COI-5P haplotypes revealed a geographic structure of five groups: (i) Atlantic-Mediterranean, (ii) Ionian, (iii) Asian, (iv) Adriatic-Ionian, and (v) Australasia-India-Tanzania-Easter Island. The most common ancestor of G. crinale likely diverged during the Pleistocene. The Bayesian Skyline Plots suggested the pre-LGM population expansion. Based on geographical structure, lineage-specific private haplotypes, the absence of shared haplotypes between lineages, and AMOVA, we propose that the cosmopolitan distribution of G. crinale has been shaped by Pleistocene relicts. The survival of the turf species under environmental stresses is briefly discussed.
Water-driven programmable polyurethane shape memory polymer: Demonstration and mechanism

We demonstrate the new features of a polyurethane shape memory polymer: water-driven actuation and recovery in sequence (i.e., programmable). Hydrogen bonding is identified as the reason behind these features. In addition, the absorbed water is quantitatively separated into two parts, namely, the free water and bound water. Their individual contribution on the glass transition temperature is identified.