Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban Fire Simulation. Version 2

Abstract : A model of mass fire onset and propagation is described. This is Version 2 of a model developed earlier for DNA. This computer model takes the simulation from the detonation of one, or a few, nuclear weapons over an urban site. The detonation(s) ignite fires, generally paper and fabrics, within rooms of houses and offices that are in view of a burst point. Blast wave(s) extinguish some of the initial ignitions, cause secondary ignitions, and can turn a region from Ground Zero into rubble. As ignition structures burn they, in turn, ignite other structures, until an eventual lack of fuel allows the fire to burn out. The rate at which fuel is used, i.e., the rate at which energy is released, governs the indraft surface winds, which also affect fire propagation. Indraft conditions can be great enough that a fire storm exists. The user describes an urban area geometrically as triangular tracks with the number of structures in each occupancy class (Residential, High Rise, Industrial, etc.), locates the weapon detonation points, and weapon yields. Output requests produce graphical tract maps of wind, track burning status, and energy release at selected times.
Strategies for Management of Architectural Change and Evolution

Software architecture, the underlying structure to a software system, is an asset which can be invested in. Such investments can later be capitalized on in the form of e.g. increased flexibility and enhanced maintainability. These benefits may be gained in a system developed in one project, but are much more visible in a strategic perspective when several projects share resources. Architectural decisions must then be based not only on technical considerations, but also on organizational and business factors. Organizational factors come into play as the software development process is tightly related to the design rules surrounding the software architecture. Business factors are important, as any attempt at generating value by investing in the software architecture must be aligned with the organization's overall view on value generation. Challenges in this field lie in raising the awareness of organizational and business factors for developers, and the abstractness of software architecture from a management point of view. This thesis has involved multiple case studies at organizations facing challenges related to these aspects of software architecture. The research has been conducted mainly from a qualitative standpoint, to build theory from empirical observations. Interviews as part of architecture and process assessments have been the primary tool for gathering information, and the results have been validated by a continuing effort to find cases that broaden the emerging theories. Different development models linked to architectural strategies have been investigated, and the flexibility of software processes has been assessed with respect to e.g. architectural changes. Study of the implementation of architectural changes has lead to a suggestion for a process for architectural change. Architectural decisions and changes drive the evolution of a software architecture, and the thesis gives a framework for evolution of software architecture and development strategy in general. One such strategy, Open Source Software development, is analyzed in-depth. An attempt to quantify the benefit of an architectural strategy is also made, when a model for decision support on reuse is implemented in a tool. The thesis contributes to increasing the awareness among both developers and managers of the role of the software architecture as an enabler and mediator of technical as well as business goals. (Less)
Corporate Creativity: How Innovation and Improvement Actually Happen

This is an examination of corporate creativity. It profiles creative acts in companies around the world and introduces six essential elements of corporate creativity that companies can use to turn their creativity from a hit-or-miss proposition into a strategy they can rely on. These six elements include alignment, self-initiated activity, unofficial activity, serendipity, diverse stimuli and within company communication. Real-life examples are used to explore how creative acts occur, from the tiniest improvement to major breakthroughs such as the development of the inkjet printer, the bar code or a new way of making cheese.
The V-shaped broad-crested weir

A discharge measurement structure with a triangular control section and a broad crest provides a rather wide measuring range while the head-discharge relation remains unaffected by tailwater up to a high submergence ratio. Experiments with the V-shaped broad-crested weirs have been carried out in order to investigate the influence of a boundary layer above the crest. The boundary displacement thickness is replaced by a correction height which includes the effects of a non-uniform velocity distribution, non-parallel streamlines and lateral pressure gradients. The experiments have results in a large collection of laboratory data with the aim to derive the head-discharge relations for different shapes under free flow as well as submerged flow conditions. The weir can be constructed with a fixed crest or a movable crest in vertical runways. The maximum discharge depends on the chosen dimensions. The structure is a suitable device for small and moderate discharges. Results of investigation, design rules and limits of application are given.
Immersion Education: Immersion education: A category within bilingual education

In this introductory chapter, we attempt to differentiate immersion from other types of bilingual education programs. We do this by first discussing briefly the development of immersion programs in Canada and the use of the term for an increasingly wide range of functions in different situations. Next we identify a set of core features, which we suggest are the defining characteristics of an immersion program. In actual programs, these features will be present to a greater or lesser degree, but all would be present in a prototypical immersion program. These features have implications for program development, teaching strategies, learning conditions, and learning outcomes. Next we consider a set of variable features, i.e., features that differ among immersion programs. These variable features have consequences for program outcomes. Finally, we pose some of the many questions that still need to be addressed in immersion research. Our claim, explicit in the title of this book, is that the term “immersion” can be legitimately and usefully applied beyond its purely historical origins in Canada to a wide range of programs despite differences in their aims, socioeconomic contexts, and manner of implementation. There is nothing new, of course, about using a second or foreign language as a medium of instruction. Throughout the history of formal education, the use of an L2 medium has been the rule rather than the exception (Lewis, 1976). Until the rise of nationalism, few languages other than those of the great empires, religions, and civilizations were considered competent or worthy to carry the content of a formal curriculum.
A performance evaluation of biometric identification devices

A biometric identification device is an automatic device that can verify a person's identity from a measurement of a physical feature or repeatable action of the individual. A reference measurement of the biometric is obtained when the individual is enrolled on the device. Subsequent verifications are made by comparing the submitted biometric feature against the reference sample. Sandia Laboratories has been evaluating the relative performance of several identity verifiers, using volunteer test subjects. Sandia testing methods and results are discussed.
Dynamiek van technologie-ontwikkeling : Innovatie, adoptie en diffusie

De laatste decennia laten een drastische toename van de uitstoot van broeikasgassen zien. Inmiddels wordt algemeen erkend dat het versterkte broeikaseffect in belangrijke mate door de mens wordt veroorzaakt. Het versterkte broeikaseffect zal naar verwachting leiden tot klimaatveranderingen, die overwegend als onwenselijk worden beschouwd. Om te komen tot een stabilisatie van broeikasgassen in de atmosfeer is een reductie van energieverbruik en daarmee gepaard gaande emissies vereist. Dit vraagt om beleid aangezien niet verwacht kan worden dat ‘de markt’ deze reductie tot stand zal brengen, gegeven onder meer het bestaan van afwentelingprocessen (‘externaliteiten’) en gebrek aan prijsprikkels (‘ongeprijsde schaarste’). Om te komen tot een reductie van energieverbruik en daarmee gepaard gaande emissies zijn er in principe drie mogelijkheden. De eerste optie is minder produceren en een lagere economische groei accepteren. De tweede optie is het wijzigen van de samenstelling van ons consumptieen productiepakket in de richting van minder energieintensieve goederen. Dit kan worden bereikt door minder energie-intensieve goederen te consumeren en produceren, maar ook door delen van de energie-intensieve productie naar het buitenland te verplaatsen. Een derde optie is het verhogen van de energieof emissieefficiëntie (oftewel het verlagen van de energieverbruik en emissies per eenheid product) door middel van technologische vooruitgang. De tweede optie werkt doelgerichter toe naar minder emissies en heeft lagere kosten dan de eerste optie, maar de mogelijkheden om bij gelijkblijvende groei via sectorale verschuivingen emissies te reduceren raken op den duur uitgeput. Duurzame vermindering van energiegebruik met behoud van groei kan alleen bij voortdurende technologische vooruitgang. Het stimuleren van schonere technologie zal daarom een sleutelrol vervullen voor een duurzame oplossing van het klimaatprobleem. In verschillende bottom-up analyses is beargumenteerd dat er een groot potentieel aan goedkope technologische opties voorhanden is waarmee reductiedoelstellingen vrij eenvoudig kunnen worden bereikt (zie, bijvoorbeeld, de Beer 1998, IWG 1997). De praktijk van alledag wijst anders uit. Veel van de opties die bottom-up analyses als attractief aanwijzen, blijken in de praktijk niet of slechts met zeer grote vertragingen te worden toegepast. Dit verschijnsel staat bekend als de ‘energy-efficiency paradox’. De hoofddoelstelling van dit hoofdstuk is verklaringen te bieden voor deze ‘energy-efficiency paradox’ en hieruit lessen te trekken voor beleid.
Applying information technology to commercial office building operations : new tools and techniques

Commercial office building owners today are demanding more efficient and effective management of their properties. Industry professionals agree that one of the weak points in property operations is information management systems. Although there has been substantial progress in applying computer technology to separate disciplines, like accounting and finance, very few applications integrate these functions. This lack of integration causes redundancies, mistakes and inefficiencies in the flow of information among the disciplines in the real estate value chain. The manufacturing industry, among others, has addressed this issue with the use of new computer tools and technology that can effectively link separate disciplines. The result has been a dramatic improvement in the value of products and services. Real estate operations can benefit from this technology as well. A specific computer software system was adapted to the operating procedures of an asset management team for a major Boston office building. This system was then demonstrated to the team. Subsequent discussions and interviews with team members identified several important issues, including perceived benefits, implementation strategies, risks, justification and the possibility of gaining a competitive edge with the system. Eliminating redundancies, sharing information between functions and creating a building "history" on a central database are three advantages of the system. The asset management team believes the type of computer technology presented in this research can improve the value of commercial office buildings through more effective and efficient property operations. With graphics, "point and shoot" commands and 3D modeling capabilities, some consider this technology a sophisticated "toy". With vision and leadership, this "toy" can be used to create a powerful competitive advantage for real estate operators and owners. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Gloria Schuck Title: Lecturer, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
Study on the Implications of Asynchronous GMO Approvals for EU Imports of Animal Feed Products

The aim of this study is to understand the implications of asynchronous approvals for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that are imported to the European Union for use within animal feed products, specifically with regard to the EU livestock sector, as well as upon the upstream and downstream economic industries related to it. Asynchronous approval refers to the situation in which there is a delay in the moment when a genetically modified (GM) event – modifying a specific trait of a plant or animal – is allowed to be used in one country in comparison to another country. In the perspective of this study, the asynchronous GMO approvals concern the use of GM varieties of plants that are approved in the countries which supply them to the EU, in one form or another of feed material, before these are approved by the EU.
Framing action analytics and putting them to work

This article is a companion piece to the article “Action Analytics: Measuring and Improving Performance That Matters in Higher Education,” which describes the emergence of a new generation of tools, solutions, and behaviors that are giving rise to more powerful and effective utilities through which colleges and universities can measure performance and provoke pervasive actions to improve it.1 We call this new class of tools, solutions, and behaviors action analytics.2 The “Action Analytics” article provides examples of emerging analytics applications, as well as explanations of how open architecture technologies are lending themselves to a “cloud” of fresh applications and solutions that are not held hostage to the existing “stack” of ERP and other enterprise applications. The article also describes the imperative to change organizational capacity, culture, and behavior and to invent new measures and key performance indicators (KPIs) that are more appropriate to the new skills and habits of mind existing in our “flattening,” fast-changing world.
BETA: BEHAVIORAL TESTABILITY ANALYZER AND ITS APPLICATION TO HIGH-LEVEL TEST GENERATION AND SYNTHESIS FOR TESTABILITY

In this thesis, a behavioral-level testability analysis approach is presented. This approach is based on analyzing the circuit behavioral description (similar to a C program) to estimate its testability by identifying controllable and observable circuit nodes. This information can be used by a test generator to gain better access to internal circuit nodes and to reduce its search space. The results of the testability analyzer can also be used to select test points or partial scan flip-flops in the early design phase. Based on selection criteria, a novel Synthesis for Testability approach call Test Statement Insertion (TSI) is proposed, which modifies the circuit behavioral description directly. Test Statement Insertion can also be used to modify circuit structural description to improve its testability. As a result, Synthesis for Testability methodology can be combined with an existing behavioral synthesis tool to produce more testable circuits.
Advanced Naval Surface Fire Support Weapon Employment Against Mobile Targets

Abstract : Key threat trends have identified shortfalls in Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS), a mission area that is undergoing rapid evolution. The Navy's ability to effectively provide sea-based fire support to ground forces is profoundly challenged by mobile and reduced dwell time targets. Furthermore, longer range enemy weapon systems, which must be destroyed at greater ranges prior to their engagement of friendly forces, will make NSFS timeliness a difficult proposition. To overcome these threat trends, the United States is developing sophisticated weapons that promise increased lethality, greater ranges and improved responsiveness. However, the development of robust firing policies to ensure effective weapon utilization has lagged behind the hardware. Existing computer models and simulations have not addressed the question of NSFS gun/missile firing policy. This thesis develops the Naval Surface Fire Support Simulation (NSFSSim) model, a discrete-event simulation that serves as an analysis tool to determine favorable firing policies for future NSFS gun and missile systems in support of determining the appropriate NSFS weapons mix. NSFSSim models ships and their associated NSFS weapons in counterbattery and call fire missions against mobile, reduced dwell time targets. Exploratory analysis using NSFSSim yields useful insights, and the component-based architecture underlying the model provides significant flexibility for further analysis.
PROTOSTELLAR OUTFLOWS AND RADIATIVE FEEDBACK FROM MASSIVE STARS

We carry out radiation hydrodynamical simulations of the formation of massive stars in the super-Eddington regime including both their radiative feedback and protostellar outflows. The calculations start from a prestellar core of dusty gas and continue until the star stops growing. The accretion ends when the remnants of the core are ejected, mostly by the force of the direct stellar radiation in the polar direction and elsewhere by the reradiated thermal infrared radiation. How long the accretion persists depends on whether the protostellar outflows are present. We set the mass outflow rate to 1% of the stellar sink particle's accretion rate. The outflows open a bipolar cavity extending to the core's outer edge, through which the thermal radiation readily escapes. The radiative flux is funneled into the polar directions while the core's collapse proceeds near the equator. The outflow thus extends the “flashlight effect,” or anisotropic radiation field, found in previous studies from the few hundred AU scale of the circumstellar disk up to the 0.1 parsec scale of the core. The core's flashlight effect allows core gas to accrete on the disk for longer, in the same way that the disk's flashlight effect allows disk gas to accrete on the star for longer. Thus although the protostellar outflows remove material near the core's poles, causing slower stellar growth over the first few free-fall times, they also enable accretion to go on longer in our calculations. The outflows ultimately lead to stars of somewhat higher mass.
Artificial Intelligent Techniques for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

The basic function of the BMS are to monitoring and control the battery process such as charging and discharging cycle, ensure the healthy condition of the battery, minimizing the risk of battery damaging by ensuring optimized energy is being delivered from the battery to power the vehicle. The use of monitoring circuit in BMS will monitor the key parameters of the battery like voltage, current, temperature during both charging and discharging situation. It estimates the power, State of Charge (SoC), State of Health (SoH) and ensures the healthiness based on the measurement. Balancing the cell is one of the important features of the BMS system. It will monitor the individual cells/group of cells connected in parallel and balancing the cells online. It also conducts the diagnostics of the battery to ensure the safe operation. If, BMS identified any one cell is weak, it will give intimation or alarm for cell replacement. It also provides the protection against overcharging, undercharging, overcurrent, under voltage, short circuit and temperature variations (low and high temperature). In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) plays a major role in monitoring and control, also it enables the remote data logging facility for battery parameters, conditions, etc.
Family Firms, Enterprise Development and Tacit Knowledge Transformation: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Innovation in Malaysia

In light of the global economy, it is undeniable that small businesses such as family-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) affect economic performance globally. They offer a key basis of flexibility and innovation but also face some challenges along the way. Since family SMEs form a large portion in the Malaysian corporate sector, the economy of this country is highly dependent on family firms’ entrepreneurial capacity. During the past decade, although family SMEs innovation is analytically and empirically reviewed in terms of theory building, it still lacks a systematic adoption of thorough and theoretically-based frameworks to gain understanding on the evolution of knowledge transformation surrounding this topic. This study primarily focuses on the development of tacit knowledge through innovation during generational change with specific attention given to three family firms ranging from old, new and declining wealth enterprises. Besides, this article appraises the evolution of SMEs innovation when new generations attempt to transform the tacit knowledge in advancing the products innovation and quality branding in Malaysia.
Scalability revisited: 100 nm PD-SOI transistors and implications for 50 nm devices

We describe 100 nm gate length PD-SOI transistors with the best SOI I/sub on/-I/sub off/ characteristics reported for the 0.18 /spl mu/m technology generation. SOI inverter delay is 7.4 ps at Vdd=1.5 V and L/sub gate/=100 nm. Inverter delays show 16% (fanout=1) and 8% Vdd(V) (fanout=4) improvement over comparable bulk CMOS. Scaling analysis for PD-SOI shows a reduced role for junction capacitance and an increased history effect for scaled devices, so that SOI has significantly diminished performance gain relative to bulk CMOS for 50 nm devices (0.1 /spl mu/m generation).
Research on Insect Gait Pattern Classification Based on Image Feature Extraction

In this paper, we design a centrifuge system which is based on high-speed image detecting of moving object, to test insect's gait under different conditions. From the statistics of the result, we analysis classification regulation of insects gait mode, and the paper proposed an algorithm based on image feature extraction. Using for reference of achievements of human gait research, we define the insect gait angular vector and choose the method of image feature extraction. We design a BP neural network classifier, train it and experiment in the ants image-database which is built by ourselves, and the result validate the insect gait mode regulation. The classifier can distinguish ants gait effectively. The paper provides a new kind of method of research on insect gait, and lots of information to the control strategy on micro-biomimetic robots.
A Si wide-band MMIC amplifier family for L-S band consumer product applications

By using Si bipolar process technology, medium-power, low-noise and low-power-consumption amplifiers have been successfully realized. For the low-power-consumption amplifier, as little as 4 mA of total supply current is required with 3.4 V supply voltage, 2.3 GHz 3 dB bandwidth and 10.8 dB gain at 1 GHz. <<ETX>>
The MPS Computer System Simulator

The software simulation of a computer system grants better control and understanding of its inner workings, both for teaching and for research purposes. We started using emulators made from other universities for teaching purposes several years ago, and now we have built our own general-purpose hardware emulator. MPS is a computer system simulator based on MIPS R3000 processor. RAM, ROM, processor, disks, tapes, printer and terminal devices are emulated to the slightest detail and fully configurable; permanent memory units (disks, tapes) may be retained between simulations. MPS features a complete graphic user interface running under X Window, documentation and freely-available sources. We also developed TINA and AMIKE, two experimental projects on operating system development; we will discuss them here, together with several other project proposals.