Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cycling-induced structural damage/degradation of electrode materials–microscopic viewpoint

Most analyses of the mechanical deformation of electrode materials of lithium-ion battery in the framework of continuum mechanics suggest the occurring of structural damage/degradation during the de-lithiation phase and cannot explain the lithiation-induced damage/degradation in electrode materials, as observed experimentally. In this work, we present first-principle analysis of the interaction between two adjacent silicon atoms from the Stillinger–Weber two-body potential and obtain the critical separation between the two silicon atoms for the rupture of Si–Si bonds. Simple calculation of the engineering-tensile strain for the formation of Li–Si intermetallic compounds from the lithiation of silicon reveals that cracking and cavitation in lithiated silicon can occur due to the formation of Li–Si intermetallic compounds. Assuming the proportionality between the net mass flux across the tip surface of a slit crack and the migration rate of the crack tip, we develop analytical formulas for the growth and healing of the slit crack controlled by lithiation and de-lithiation, respectively. It is the combinational effects of the state of charge, the radius of curvature of the crack tip and local electromotive force that determine the cycling-induced growth and healing of surface cracks in lithiated silicon.
Consumer Demand For Automated Private Travel: Extrapolations From Vanpool User Experiences

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for an individual' s decision to ride rather than drive, and to draw any appropriate extensions to a future marketplace where automated vehicles may be an available mode choice. In the study, a focus group of existing vanpoolers is presented with the choice of driving alone or commuting with others after they had joined the vanpool. From the vanpoolers' stated choices, it is inferred whether a value may exist to future users of automated vehicles when they choose to travel in the automated mode, as opposed to driving themselves.
Substance Use Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Current Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

ABSTRACT Use of illegal and prescription drugs has significantly increased in recent years all over the world in most populations. Greater worldwide awareness in this regard has substantially improved the epidemiological understanding of substance use, its risk factors, and impact on life. People with intellectual disabilities constitute 0.5%–1.5% of the world’s population. It can be conjectured that they might be experiencing similar or even a greater burden of substance use in their lives. This article highlights some important aspects of substance use among this population in low- and middle-income countries that need urgent attention.
Exploring Factors Contributing to the Success of Women Entrepreneurs in Malaysia

The purpose of the study is to explore factors contributing to the success of women who embarked in entrepreneurship. The study was conducted on 150 women entrepreneur in Malaysia by distributing the survey questionnaire. using convenience sampling. The study found charisma and friendliness are the most crucial factors contributes to the success of women entrepreneur while government support is the least contributing factor. Factor analysis conducted on success factors of women entrepreneur in Malaysia categorized the factors into four constructs; Individual & Social Characteristic, Marketing & Business Support, Efficient Management and Customer Engagement. The study found that Customer Engagement Factor contribute the most to the success of women entrepreneur in Malaysia
Log polar image sensor in CMOS technology

We report on the design, design issues, fabrication and performance of a log-polar CMOS image sensor. The sensor is developed for the use in a videophone system for deaf and hearing impaired people, who are not capable of communicating through a 'normal' telephone. The system allows 15 detailed images per second to be transmitted over existing telephone lines. This framerate is sufficient for conversations by means of sign language or lip reading. The pixel array of the sensor consists of 76 concentric circles with (up to) 128 pixels per circle, in total 8013 pixels. The interior pixels have a pitch of 14 micrometers, up to 250 micrometers at the border. The 8013-pixels image is mapped (log-polar transformation) in a X-Y addressable 76 by 128 array.
Simultaneous regulation of miR-451 and miR-191 led to erythroid fate decision of mouse embryonic stem cell

Objective(s): Various microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed during development of mammalian cells, when they aid in modulating gene expression by mediating mRNA transcript cleavage and/or regulation of translation rate. miR-191 and miR-451 have been shown to be critical regulators of hematopoiesis and have important roles in the induction of erythroid fate decision. So, the aim of this study is investigation of the miR-191 and miR-451 roles in the controlling mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) differentiation toward the erythroid lineage. Materials and Methods: mESCs were infected with either pCDH-miR-Off-191 viruses in pCDH-miR-Off-191 group or simultaneously with pCDH-miR-Off-191 and pCDH-miR-451 lentiviruses in simultaneous group. Then, the expression profiles of erythroid specific transcription factors and globin genes were analyzed using QRT-PCR on day 14 and 21 of differentiation. Flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate of TER119 and CD235a erythroid specific surface markers. Results: Gata-1, Klf-1, Epor and globin chains were found to be expressed in pCDH-miR-Off-191 and in simultaneous groups. The majority of globin chains showed changes in their expression levels with progression of differentiation from day 14 to day 21. Flow cytometry results showed that miR-451 up- regulation and miR-191 down-regulation is associated with the expression of TER119 and CD235a. Of these two groups analyzed, simultaneous group was most significantly potent in stimulation of erythroid fate decision of mESCs. Conclusion: Together, present data demonstrate that down-regulation of miR-191 alone can enhance the differentiation of mESCs. However, the simultaneous effect of miR-451up-regulation and miR-191 down-regulation is much stronger and can have more practical use in artificial blood production.
Response to reflected-force feedback to fingers in teleoperations

Reflected-force feedback is an important aspect of teleoperations. The objective is to determine the ability of the human operator to respond to that force. Telerobotics operation is simulated by computer control of a motor-driven device with capabilities for programmable force feedback and force measurement. A computer-controlled motor drive is developed that provides forces against the fingers as well as (angular) position control. A load cell moves in a circular arc as it is pushed by a finger and measures reaction forces on the finger. The force exerted by the finger on the load cell and the angular position are digitized and recorded as a function of time by the computer. Flexure forces of the index, long and ring fingers of the human hand in opposition to the motor driven load cell are investigated. Results of the following experiments are presented: (1) Exertion of maximum finger force as a function of angle; (2) Exertion of target finger force against a computer controlled force; and (3) Test of the ability to move to a target force against a force that is a function of position. Averaged over ten individuals, the maximum force that could be exerted by the index or long finger is about 50 Newtons, while that of the ring finger is about 40 Newtons. From the tests of the ability of a subject to exert a target force, it was concluded that reflected-force feedback can be achieved with the direct kinesthetic perception of force without the use of tactile or visual clues.
NORMALIZADOR DE TEXTO PARA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA BASEADO EMMODELO DE LINGUAGEM

Automatic processing of user-generated content on the Internet is a major challenge. Informal writing is one reason for this difficulty. This informality motivated the research on methods for text normalization. Text normalization is a step that precedes the usual processing, converting the text from user into a ’standard’ (more formal) writing format. In this work, we prototype a normalizer for the Portuguese Language that is based on language model. In this approach, we use the machine translation technique to normalize the texts. We tested our normalizer in a corpus on Politics and compared the results obtained with those of another normalizer. Resumo. O processamento automático de textos gerados pelo usuário na internet têm sido um grande desafio. A escrita informal é uma das razões dessa dificuldade. Essa informalidade têm motivado a pesquisa por métodos para normalização de textos. A normalização de texto é uma etapa que precede o processamento usual, convertendo o texto gerado pelo usuário em um formato ’padrão’ (mais formal). Neste trabalho, prototipamos um normalizador para a Lı́ngua Portuguesa que é baseado em modelo de linguagem. Nessa abordagem, usamos a técnica de tradução automática para normalizar os textos. Testamos nosso normalizador em um corpus sobre polı́tica e comparamos os resultados obtidos com os de outro normalizador.
Evaluation of electric vehicle production and operating costs

This report presents an analysis of the initial cost of electric vehicles (EVs). The manufacturing and retail cost structure of mature conventional vehicles produced at high volume is analyzed first, and the contributions by various cost categories to vehicle price are estimated. The costs are then allocated to such vehicle component groups as body, chassis, and powertrain. The similarities and differences among various component systems are reviewed. In electric vehicles, an electric drive replaces the conventional powertrain, and a battery pack replaces the fuel system. Three types of traction motors are reviewed, and their cost in high-volume production is analyzed. Various components of the motor and controller package are analyzed, and their representative costs are summarized. Four types of EV batteries are reviewed, and their costs are presented. Various alternatives for the low-, medium-, and high-volume production of EVs are evaluated, and some sample costs are presented. A methodology that estimates initial and operating costs on the basis of this analysis is presented. The methodology also estimates the average lifetime cost of owning and operating an electric vehicle.
The psychosocial context of chronic pain in people living with HIV

the The psychosocial context is integral to the experience and treatment of pain: “[pain] is a distressing experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage with sensory, emotional, cognitive, and social components. ” 30 The social context influen-ces exposure to risk of developing chronic pain and conditions that can cause pain, such as HIV. 1,26 Characteristics of the social environment, such as invalidating or stigmatising responses from others, are associated with worse pain outcomes. 2,3 Macrolevel social factors, such as the organization of health care systems and disability benefit policies, also impact the lives of people with chronic pain. 13 Social context modulates pain experience and, in turn, pain threatens social inclusion. 10 There are complex interactions between the social environment and an individual’s cognitive, affective, and behavioural responses to pain. 8 The study by Penn et al. in this issue brings needed attention to the psychosocial context of chronic pain in people living with HIV (PLWH) in the current treatment era. 17 As PLWH age and have normal life expectancy with antiretroviral therapy (ART), quality of life is now a focus. 9,15 Chronic pain, as highlighted by Penn et al., is a major threat to functioning and quality of life in PLWH. Randomised controlled trials have shown that analgesic med-ications have poor efficacy for treating common pain conditions in PLWH, such as painful peripheral neuropathy. 4,19 Better understanding of psychosocial processes that influence the experience of chronic pain in this population can inform the development of more holistic treatments. focus support
PERANCANGAN MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL (MPC) PADA PROSES QUADRUPLE TANK

Abstrak Model Predictive Control (MPC) telah berhasil diaplikasikan di berbagai industri proses, karena kemampuannya untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah multivariabel kontrol seperti interaksi, waktu tunda dan batasan. Keuntungan dari MPC karena kedua variabel, yaitu variabel manipulasi dan variabel kontrol, dihitung dengan menggunakan teknik optimasi. Model predictive control (MPC) digunakan untuk mengontrol sistem quadruple tank. Quadruple tank merupakan sistem yang multivariabel, sehingga dengan hanya mengubah satu variabel manipulasi dari satu tangki, maka akan mengubah kondisi dari tangki yang lain. Sistem ini mempunyai adjustment multivariable zero yang dapat diatur dalam keadaan stabil disebelah kiri (left half plane) dan tidak stabil disebelah kanan (right half plane) dengan mengatur bukaan katup, sehingga dapat dioperasikan di kondisi minimum maupun non minimum phase. Dalam penelitian ini, MPC diharapkan mampu mengatasi masalah tracking maupun regulator pada quadruple tank. Dengan nilai parameter MPC, , , , , , diperoleh hasil yang memuaskan dalam mengatasi masalah tracking maupun regulator, untuk kondisi minimum phase dengan IAE untuk tangki 1 = 71.33 dan tangki 2 = 71.55, sedangkan untuk kondisi non minimum phase dengan IAE untuk tangki 1 = 901.6 dan tangki 2 = 951.1, dibandingkan dengan kontroler Decentralized PI, untuk kondisi minimum phase dengan IAE untuk tangki 1 = 77.6 dan tangki 2 = 92.43, sedangkan untuk kondisi non minimum phase dengan IAE untuk tangki 1 = 681.5 dan tangki 2 = 7938. Kata kunci : decentralized pi, model predictive control, quadruple tank Abstract Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been very successful in the process industries in dealing with multivariable control problem, such as, interactions, time delays, and constraints.The advantage of MPC is that both manipulated and controlled variables are calculated using the optimization techniques. Model predictive control (MPC) is used to control the quadruple tank system. Quadruple tank is a multivariable system, by changing one variable of the tank, it will change the variable of the another tank. This system has a adjustment multivariable zero that can be set in a stable condition on the left (left half plane) and unstable on the right (right half plane) by adjusting the valve, so it can be operated in minimum and non minimum phase. In this work, MPC controller is expected to overcome the problem of tracking and regulator in the quadruple tank. MPC with parameter values, , , , , , has a good results in overcoming the problem tracking and regulators, for minimum phase with IAE to tank 1 and tank 2 = 71.33 and 71.55, while for non minimum phase with IAE for tank 1 and tank 2 = 901.6 and 951.1, compared with decentralized PI controller for minimum phase with IAE to tank 1 and tank 2 = 77.6 and 92.43, while for non minimum phase with IAE for tank 1 and tank 2 = 681.5 and 7938. Keywords: decentralized pi, model predictive control, quadruple tank
Gastric Cyst Suspected of Relapse of Mucinous Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas

A 55-year-old woman with a history of distal pancreatectomy, cholecystectomy and splenectomy due to a mucinous cystic tumor without any atypia. The patient remains asymptomatic with normal tumor markers. In an abdominal CT scan for a gynecological pathology, 9 years after surgical intervention, it is observed a 2.4 cm focal lesion with well-defined edges and liquid consistency, at resection margins of the previous pancreatectomy, radiologically suspect and informed as a recurrence of mucinous cystic tumor of the pancreas (Figure A). With this diagnosis, elective surgery by bilateral subcostal laparotomy is performed. It is evidenced a cystic lesion dependent of the posterior gastric wall adjacent to the edge of previous pancreatic resection (Figure B). An intraoperative abdominal ultrasound is performed considering proximal head and body portions to its distal pancreatic area. It is not identified any tumor recurrence at the surgical site and it is observed a heterogeneous lesion dependent of the posterior stomach wall. An atypical gastric resection is performed including the cystic lesion. The anatomopathology reports of foreign body granuloma due to silk suture. Mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas have a surgical indication due to its malignant potential [1]. Surgical resection in those benign mucinous cystic lesions is curative and recurrence is almost nil. In those malignant lesions, monitoring and follow-up should be done every 6 months because of the risk of recurrence and distant metastasis [2]. In our case, the cystic image located in the previous resection margin was the main suspicion of recurrence despite being a benign lesion operated 9 years before. The most common differential diagnosis of a cystic lesion at that location include: gastric duplication cyst, gastric diverticulum, gastric leiomyoma, pancreatic pseudocyst, mesenteric cyst, cystadenoma of pancreas or pancreatic hydatid cyst [3]. Several cases of suture granuloma simulating gastric tumors have been described; one of the most frequent has been the silk [4]. Although, foreign body granulomas are also associated with other non-absorbable materials such as nylon or dacron [5]. In the reoperation was used a linear stapler to section the gastric lesion. The patient evolution was satisfactory and she was discharged at the 6th postoperative day without complications. At 12 months follow-up she has not presented any complication or recurrence.
Crosscutting Issues in International Transformation: Interactions and Innovations among People, Organizations, Processes, and Technology

This book is a compilation of papers presented at the International Transformation Conference in Stockholm, Swweden on June 2-3, 2009. The conference was hosted by the Swedish Defence Research Agency at their Division of Information Systems in Kista. The papers are organized according to the categories of culture, interagency, transformation initiatives, leadership, and adaptive organizations. This sequence was chosen to group papers with common themes so that readers could follow the logic and findings of each paper more easily. The book represents the views of the authors, most of whom are members of the Internatinal transformation Chairs Network that was founded in the United States in 2004 by retired Vice Admiral Arthyr K. Cebrowski, who then served as the Director of the U.S. Department of Deeefense Office of Force Transformation. Since that time, the organization had added members from the United Kingdom,Sweden, Australia, Singapore, and NATO. The mision of the International Chairs Network is to provide a forum ro challenge thinkingm leverage shared knowledge, and inform the debate about the international security implications of global transformation. The vision of the group is that the efforts of these types of activities will ultimately result in a group of national security leaders who are prepared for a future filled with complexity, chaos, and surprise. Publication of this book is one step in the process of reaching this goal. We hope that this book is valuable to you as you seek to transform your part of the world.
Health Behavior Change Programs in Primary Care and Community Practices for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Risk Factor Management Among Midlife and Older Adults: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Cardiovascular disease predominates as the leading health burden among middle-aged and older American adults, but progress in improving cardiovascular health remains slow. Comprehensive, evidenced-based behavioral counseling interventions in primary care are a recommended first-line approach for promoting healthy behaviors and preventing poor cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. Assisting patients to adopt and achieve their health promotion goals and arranging follow-up support are critical tenets of the 5A Model for behavior counseling in primary care. These 2 steps in behavior counseling are considered essential to effectively promote meaningful and lasting behavior change for primary cardiovascular disease prevention. However, adoption and implementation of behavioral counseling interventions in clinical settings can be challenging. The purpose of this scientific statement from the American Heart Association is to guide primary health care professional efforts to offer or refer patients for behavioral counseling, beyond what can be done during brief and infrequent office visits. This scientific statement presents evidence of effective behavioral intervention programs that are feasible for adoption in primary care settings for cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management in middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, examples are provided of resources available to facilitate the widespread adoption and implementation of behavioral intervention programs in primary care or community-based settings and practical approaches to appropriately engage and refer patients to these programs. In addition, current national models that influence translation of evidence-based behavioral counseling in primary care and community settings are described. Finally, this scientific statement highlights opportunities to enhance the delivery of equitable and preventive care that prioritizes effective behavioral counseling of patients with varying levels of cardiovascular disease risk.
Prediction of Optimum Design of Anode Shape for Obtaining Highest Soft X-Ray Yield in plasma Focus Device Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

The computational intelligences such as artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy inference system (FIS) are strong tools for prediction and simulation in engineering applications. In this study, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to optimize design of anode shape in order to achieve highest soft X-ray yield in plasma focus devices. The predicted soft X-ray values using the proposed ANFIS model were compared with the experimental data. The proposed ANFIS model achieved good agreement with the experimental results with mean relative error percentage (MRE%) less than 1.14% and 2% for training and testing data, respectively. Moreover, the obtained results showed that the proposed ANFIS model is a useful, reliable, fast and cheap tool to optimize design of anode shape in order to achieve highest soft X-ray yield in plasma focus devices.