Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted rehabilitation for total knee or hip replacement surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: This study was performed to update the current evidence and evaluate the effects of robot-assisted rehabilitation (RAR) in comparison with conventional rehabilitation (CR) in patients following total knee (TKR) or hip replacements (THR). Methods: PubMed Central, OVID Medline, Cochrane Collaboration Library, and EMBASE for a comprehensive search for all relevant studies, from database inception to July 2022. The following inclusion criteria were used to determine eligibility for studies: randomized and matched controlled trials recruiting men and women who underwent TKR and THR; and studies examining the effect of RAR on outcome measures of physical function and pain. Results: A total of 9 studies (230 patients) were included in this review and 4 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis of 2 studies showed that Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) training for 5 days, significantly improved pain measured on a visual analogue scale, compared to CR in patients following TKR (SMD = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 0.39–1.71). Heterogeneity for I2 value was lower than moderate (tau^2 = 0.0121; I2 = 5%; P = .30). There were 2 studies that assessed self-selected walking speed. The meta-analysis of these studies showed that HAL training was significantly superior to CR in patients following TKR (SMD = 48.70, 95% Cl -50.53 to 147.94) at 2 months. A high heterogeneity was detected (P < .01; I2 = 97%). Conclusion: The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that RAR may be an effective treatment in TKR and THR patients. However, high-quality studies are needed to verify the long-term effect on their recovery.
On the origin of the galaxy star‐formation‐rate sequence: evolution and scatter

We use a semi-analytic model for disk galaxies to explore the origin of the time evolution and small scatter of the galaxy SFR sequence - the tight correlation between star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M star ). The steep decline of SFR from z ~ 2 to the present, at fixed M star ,is a consequence of the following. First, disk galaxies are in a steady state with the SFR following the net (i.e. inflow minus outflow) gas accretion rate. The evolution of the SFR sequence is determined by evolution in the cosmological specific accretion rates, α (1 + z) 2.25 , but is found to be independent of feedback. Although feedback determines the outflow rates, it shifts galaxies along the SFR sequence, leaving its zero-point invariant. Second, the conversion of accretion rate to SFR is materialized through gas density, not gas mass. Although the model SFR is an increasing function of both gas mass fraction and gas density, only the gas densities are predicted to evolve significantly with redshift. Third, star formation is fueled by molecular gas. Since the molecular gas fraction increases monotonically with increasing gas density, the model predicts strong evolution in the molecular gas fractions, increasing by an order of magnitude from z = 0 to z ~ 2. On the other hand, the model predicts that the effective surface density of atomic gas is ~10 M ⊙ pc -2 , independent of redshift, stellar mass or feedback. Our model suggests that the scatter in the SFR sequence reflects variations in the gas accretion history, and thus is insensitive to stellar mass, redshift or feedback. The large scatter in halo spin contributes negligibly, because it scatters galaxies along the SFR sequence. An observational consequence of this is that the scatter in the SFR sequence is independent of the size (both stellar and gaseous) of galaxy disks.
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in weakly ionized plasmas – II. Multifluid effects in molecular clouds

We present a study of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in a weakly ionized, multifluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) plasma with parameters matching those of a typical molecular cloud. The instability is capable of transforming well-ordered flows into disordered flows. As a result, it may be able to convert the energy found in, for example, bowshocks from stellar jets into the turbulent energy found in molecular clouds. As these clouds are weakly ionized, the ideal MHD approximation does not apply at scales of around a tenth of a parsec or less. This paper extends the work of Jones & Downes on the evolution of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in the presence of multifluid MHD effects. These effects of ambipolar diffusion and the Hall effect are here studied together under physical parameters applicable to molecular clouds. We restrict our attention to the case of a single shear layer with a transonic, but super-Alfv´ enic, velocity jump and the computational domain is chosen to match the wavelength of the linearly fastest growing mode of the instability. We find that while the introduction of multifluid effects does not affect the linear growth rates of the instability, the non-linear behaviour undergoes considerable change. The magnetic field is decoupled from the bulk flow as a result of the ambipolar diffusion, which leads to a significant difference in the evolution of the field. The Hall effect would be expected to lead to a noticeable re-orientation of the magnetic field lines perpendicular to the plane. However, the results reveal that the combination with ambipolar diffusion leads to a surprisingly effective suppression of this effect.
Suppression of collisional decoherence

We employ a continuous dynamical decoupling scheme to suppress the decoherence induced by elastic collisions of cold atoms. Using a continuous echo pulse we achieve a thirty-fold increase in the coherence time of Rb87 atoms trapped in a dipole trap. Coherence times of more than 100ms are demonstrated for an ensemble with an optical depth of 120.
GENERAL APPROACH TO CHROMATIC DISPERSION ANALYSIS OF MICROWAVE OPTICAL LINK ARCHITECTURES

Introduction Fiber-optical transmission of microwave (MW) and millimeter-wave (MMW) signals in the λ=1.55 μm wavelength window has become an intensive research area of MW photonics recently [1]. A main field of potential applications is the optical transmission and wireless distribution of broadband data in future picocellular access systems [2-5]. A seemingly simple solution utilizes very high-speed external modulators or direct modulated lasers and ultra-fast optical receivers for MW/MMW signal distribution over the optical network. Then in the last few hundred meters the optically fed base station is connected to the subscribers by MW or MMW radio channels. The increasing demand for higher and higher carrier frequencies in the radio channels requires even MMW optical links. Amplification is performed in the optical path by Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA). However, chromatic dispersion of standard singlemode fibers (SMF) at λ=1.55 μm leads to a drastic penalty in detected signal strength [4-7].
Analytic K-Homology

Analytic K-homology draws together ideas from algebraic topology, functional analysis and geometry. It is a tool - a means of conveying information among these three subjects - and it has been used with specacular success to discover remarkable theorems across a wide span of mathematics. The purpose of this book is to acquaint the reader with the essential ideas of analytic K-homology and develop some of its applications. It includes a detailed introduction to the necessary functional analysis, followed by an exploration of the connections between K-homology and operator theory, coarse geometry, index theory, and assembly maps, including a detailed treatment of the Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem. Beginning with the rudiments of C* - algebra theory, the book will lead the reader to some central notions of contemporary research in geometric functional analysis. Much of the material included here has never previously appeared in book form.
A construction of p-adic Asai L-functions for GL2 over CM fields

We give a construction of p-adic Asai L-functions for cohomological cuspidal automorphic representations of GL2 over CM fields. If the base field is imaginary quadratic, Loeffler–Williams recently constructed such p-adic Asai L-functions. We generalize their construction to the case that the base fields are general CM fields.
Statistical and dynamical fluctuations of Binder ratios in heavy ion collisions

Higher moments of net-proton Binder ratio, which is suggested to be a good experimental measurement to locate the QCD critical point, is measured in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We firstly estimate the effect of statistical fluctuations of the third and forth order Binder ratios. Then the dynamical Binder ratio is proposed and investigated in both transport and statistical models. The energy dependence of dynamical Binder ratios with different system sizes at RHIC beam scan energies are presented and discussed.
THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER SYSTEM OF THE VIRGO GIANT ELLIPTICAL GALAXY NGC 4636. I. SUBARU/FAINT OBJECT CAMERA AND SPECTROGRAPH SPECTROSCOPY AND DATABASE

We present a spectroscopic study of the globular clusters (GCs) in the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4636 in the Virgo Cluster. We selected target GC candidates using the Washington photometry derived from the deep CCD images taken at the KPNO 4 m Telescope. Then we obtained the spectra of 164 target objects in the field of NGC 4636 using the Multi-Object Spectroscopy mode of Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2 m Telescope. We have measured the velocities for 122 objects: 105 GCs in NGC 4636, the nucleus of NGC 4636, 11 foreground stars, two background galaxies, and three probable intracluster GCs in the Virgo Cluster. The GCs in NGC 4636 are located in the projected galactocentric radius within 10′ (corresponding to 43 kpc). The measured velocities for the GCs range from ∼300 km s−1 to ∼1600 km s−1, with a mean value of 932+25−22 km s−1, which is in good agreement with the velocity for the nucleus of NGC 4636, 928 ± 45 km s−1. The velocity dispersion of the GCs in NGC 4636 is derived to be 231+15−17 km s−1, and the velocity dispersion of the blue GCs is slightly larger than that of the red GCs. Combining our results with data in the literature, we produce a master catalog of radial velocities for 238 GCs in NGC 4636. The velocity dispersion of the GCs in the master catalog is found to be 225+12−9 km s−1 for the entire sample, 251+18−12 km s−1 for 108 blue GCs, and 205+11−13 km s−1 for 130 red GCs.
Effects of surface states on two‐dimensional electron gas in ZnMgO/ZnO heterostructures

The band profile and electronic properties of Zn‐polar ZnMgO/ZnO heterostructures are investigated using self‐consistent calculations of the Schrödinger, Poisson, and charge balance equations for 300 K, all based on the assumption that the two‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) originates from donor‐like surface states on the ZnMgO (0001) surface. Two models with different surface state distributions are applied to explain the ZnMgO thickness dependence of the 2DEG density. Multi‐subband occupation of the 2DEG is taken into account, and surface states are included using Fermi–Dirac statistics. The polarization charge density at the ZnMgO/ZnO interface and the surface donor energy are added as adjustable fitting parameters to optimize the fits of the two models to experimental data. The fitting results indicate that surface states are more likely to be localized at a single energy level. Lastly, the microscopic origin of the surface states is discussed.
The Mutagenic Consequences of DNA Methylation within and across Generations

DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification with wide-ranging consequences across the life of an organism. This modification can be stable, persisting through development despite changing environmental conditions. However, in other contexts, DNA methylation can also be flexible, underlying organismal phenotypic plasticity. One underappreciated aspect of DNA methylation is that it is a potent mutagen; methylated cytosines mutate at a much faster rate than other genetic motifs. This mutagenic property of DNA methylation has been largely ignored in eco-evolutionary literature, despite its prevalence. Here, we explore how DNA methylation induced by environmental and other factors could promote mutation and lead to evolutionary change at a more rapid rate and in a more directed manner than through stochastic genetic mutations alone. We argue for future research on the evolutionary implications of DNA methylation driven mutations both within the lifetime of organisms, as well as across timescales.
The environment and star formation of H ii region Sh2-163: a multi-wavelength study

To investigate the environment of HII region Sh2-163 and search for evidence of triggered star formation in this region, we performed a multi-wavelength study of this HII region. Most of our data were taken from large-scale surveys: 2MASS, CGPS, MSX and SCUBA. We also made CO molecular line observations, using the 13.7-m telescope. The ionized region of Sh2-163 is detected by both the optical and radio continuum observations. Sh2-163 is partially bordered by an arc-like photodissociation region (PDR), which is coincident with the strongest optical and radio emissions, indicating interactions between the HII region and the surrounding interstellar medium. Two molecular clouds were discovered on the border of the PDR. The morphology of these two clouds suggests they are compressed by the expansion of Sh2-163. In cloud A, we found two molecular clumps. And it seems star formation in clump A2 is much more active than in clump A1. In cloud B, we found new outflow activities and massive star(s) are forming inside. Using 2MASS photometry, we tried to search for embedded young stellar object (YSO) candidates in this region. The very good agreement between CO emission, infrared shell and YSOs suggest that it is probably a star formation region triggered by the expansion of Sh2-163.We also found the most likely massive protostar related to IRAS 23314+6033.
Endotracheal Tube Kinking in the Prone Position during Pediatric Neurosurgery: A Case Report

Background: The prone position presents several concerns for the pediatric anesthesiologist, such as prevention of pressure related injuries, avoidance of undetected line infiltration, proper airway securement to inhibit unanticipated extubation, and limited access to the patient in critical events. However, the possibility of endotracheal tube kinking in pediatric patients is rarely discussed in the multitude of concerns about prone procedures. Here, we present a case report detailing the anesthetic management of a patient that experienced endotracheal tube kinking in the prone position during a posterior fossa mass resection. Our conclusion is that pediatric anesthesiologists must be cognizant of the possibility of endotracheal tube kinking in patients who are undergoing procedures in the prone position with significant neck flexion. We recommend using either an appropriately sized reinforced endotracheal tube or a nasotracheal intubation to decrease the potential of intraoperative tube kinking.
Measuring Empathy Across the Adult Lifespan: A Comparison of Three Assessment Types

Empathy is a core component of social cognition that can be indexed via behavioral, informant-report, or self-report methods of assessment. However, concerns have been raised regarding the lack of convergence between these assessment approaches for cognitive empathy. Here, we provided the first comparison of all three measurement approaches for cognitive and affective empathy in a large adult sample (N = 371) aged 18 to 101 years. We found that poor convergence was more of a problem for cognitive empathy than affective empathy. While none of the cognitive empathy measures correlated with each other, for affective empathy, self-report was significantly associated with both behavioral and informant-report assessments. However, for both cognitive and affective empathy, there was evidence for poor discriminant validity within the measures. Out of the three assessment approaches, only the informant-report measures were consistently associated with indices of social functioning. Importantly, age did not moderate any of the tested relationships, indicating that both the strengths and the limitations of these different types of assessment do not appear to vary as a function of age. These findings highlight the variation that exists among empathy measures and are discussed in relation to their practical implications for the assessment of empathy.
Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way II. The catalogue of basic parameters

Context. Although they are the main constituents of the Galactic disk population, for half of the open clusters in the Milky Way reported in the literature nothing is known except the raw position and an approximate size. Aims. The main goal of this study is to determine a full set of uniform spatial, structural, kinematic, and astrophysical param eters for as many known open clusters as possible. Methods. On the basis of stellar data from PPMXL and 2MASS, we used a dedicated data-processing pipeline to determine kinematic and photometric membership probabilities for stars in a cluster region. Results. For an input list of 3784 targets from the literature, we confi rm that 3006 are real objects, the vast majority of them are open clusters, but associations and globular clusters are also p resent. For each confirmed object we determined the exact pos ition of the cluster centre, the apparent size, proper motion, distance , colour excess, and age. For about 1500 clusters, these basic astrophysical parameters have been determined for the first time. For the bu lk of the clusters we also derived the tidal radius. We estimated additionally average radial velocities for more than 30% of the confirmed clusters. The present sample (called MWSC) reaches both the central parts of the Milky Way and its outer regions. It is almost complete up to 1.8 kpc from the Sun and also covers neighbouring spiral arms. However, for a small subset of the oldest open clusters (log t & 9) we found some evidence of incompleteness within about 1 kpc from the Sun.
STRONG CHROMATIC MICROLENSING IN HE0047−1756 AND SDSS1155+6346

We use spectra of the double-lensed quasars HE0047−1756 and SDSS1155+6346 to study their unresolved structure through the impact of microlensing. There is no significant evidence of microlensing in the emission line profiles except for the Lyα line of SDSS1155+6346, which shows strong differences in the shapes for images A and B. However, the continuum of the B image spectrum in SDSS1155+6346 is strongly contaminated by the lens galaxy, and these differences should be considered with caution. Using the flux ratios of the emission lines for image pairs as a baseline to remove macro-magnification and extinction, we have detected strong chromatic microlensing in the continuum measured by CASTLES (www.cfa.harvard.edu/castles/) in both lens systems, with amplitudes 0.09(λ16000) ≲ |Δm| ≲ 0.8(λ5439) for HE0047−1756, and 0.2(λ16000) ≲ |Δm| ≲ 0.8(λ5439) for SDSS1155+6346. Using magnification maps to simulate microlensing and modeling the accretion disk as a Gaussian source (I ∝ exp(−R2/2r)) of size rs ∝ λp, we find rs = 2.5 lt-day and p = 2.3 ± 0.8 at the rest frame for λ = 2045 for HE0047−1756 (log prior) and rs = 5.5 lt-day and p = 1.5 ± 0.6 at the rest frame of λ = 1398 for SDSS1155+6346 (log prior). Contrary to other studied lens systems, the chromaticity detected in HE0047−1756 and SDSS1155+6346 is large enough to fulfill the thin disk prediction. The inferred sizes, however, are very large compared to the predictions of this model, especially in the case of SDSS1155+6346.
Nuclear/Circumnuclear Starbursts and Active Galactic Nucleus Mass Accretion in Seyfert Galaxies

We investigated the correlation between nuclear/circumnuclear starbursts around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and the AGN activities for 43 Seyfert galaxies in the CfA and 12 μm samples. We found that the circumnuclear starburst luminosity, as well as the nuclear starburst luminosity, is positively correlated with the AGN luminosity. Moreover, the nuclear starburst luminosity is more strongly correlated with the AGN luminosity normalized with the AGN Eddington luminosity than is the circumnuclear starburst luminosity. This implies that starbursts nearer the AGN could have a greater effect on AGN mass accretion. We also discuss these results from the viewpoint of the radiation effects from starbursts and sequential starbursts.
Activation of Nrf2 to Optimise Immune Responses to Intracerebral Haemorrhage

Haemorrhage into the brain parenchyma can be devastating. This manifests as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) after head trauma, and in the context of vascular dementia. Randomised controlled trials have not reliably shown that haemostatic treatments aimed at limiting ICH haematoma expansion and surgical approaches to reducing haematoma volume are effective. Consequently, treatments to modulate the pathophysiological responses to ICH, which may cause secondary brain injury, are appealing. Following ICH, microglia and monocyte derived cells are recruited to the peri-haematomal environment where they phagocytose haematoma breakdown products and secrete inflammatory cytokines, which may trigger both protective and harmful responses. The transcription factor Nrf2, is activated by oxidative stress, is highly expressed by central nervous system microglia and macroglia. When active, Nrf2 induces a transcriptional programme characterised by increased expression of antioxidant, haem and heavy metal detoxification and proteostasis genes, as well as suppression of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, Nrf2 activation may facilitate adaptive-protective immune cell responses to ICH by boosting resistance to oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, whilst limiting harmful inflammatory signalling, which can contribute to further blood brain barrier dysfunction and cerebral oedema. In this review, we consider the responses of immune cells to ICH and how these might be modulated by Nrf2 activation. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies to harness Nrf2 to improve the outcomes of patients with ICH.
Pathophysiological Role of Chymase-Activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-9

Chymase present in mast cells can directly form matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 from proMMP-9. Chymase-activated MMP-9 has been reportedly closely related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, and inflammation-related diseases in particular. Upregulated chymase and MMP-9 have been observed in tissues from patients and animal models of aortic aneurysm, inflammatory gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases, acute pancreatic failure, atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Chymase at these regions is only derived from mast cells, while MMP-9 is derived from macrophages and neutrophils in addition to mast cells. Chymase inhibitors attenuate MMP-9 formation from pro-MMP-9, and ameliorate the development and progression of these disorders, along with reduction in inflammatory cell numbers. MMP-9 activated by chymase might also be involved in angiogenesis in the tumor environment. Development of angiogenesis around several cancers is closely related to the expression of chymase and MMP-9, and postoperative survival curves have revealed that patients with a higher number of chymase positive cells have lower survival rates. In this review, we wanted to clarify the role of chymase-activated MMP-9, which might become an important therapeutic target for various inflammatory disorders.