Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct stator flux and torque control of an induction motor: theoretical analysis and experimental results

Direct stator flux and torque control (DSFTC) is a novel technique for the control of a voltage inverter-fed induction motor (IM). It carries out a precise and quick control of the stator flux and the electromagnetic torque of an IM without calling for coordinate transformation, speed measurement and stator current control. In principle, moreover, DSFTC operation requires only the knowledge of the stator resistance. The tutorial starts by reviewing the operation of an IM and of a voltage inverter using the space vector theory. The concept of DSFTC is then introduced, illustrating the action of an inverter supply on the stator flux and the electromagnetic torque of an IM. Afterwards, implementation of DSFTC according to the switching table (ST) strategy is focused. Different STs are considered and their influence on the torque response is shown by means of calculated and experimental data. The relationships between the drive performance, such as losses and switching frequency, and the amplitude of the hysteresis bands of the flux and torque controllers are given. Sensitivity to errors in the control system is also investigated. Solutions which improve the torque characteristic and the low-speed performance of the drive are presented. Finally, the DSFTC strategy, termed direct self control, and a scheme based on the space vector modulation are described, explaining how they can be interpreted as either a particular case or an extension of the ST strategy.
INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC REMANENCE AND COERCIVE FORCE ON THE ELECTROMAGNETIC OUTPUT OF PERMANENT MAGNET MACHINE

The impact of permanent magnet (PM) properties such as magnet remanence and coercive force or coercivity on the electromagnetic output of flux-switching permanent magnet machine having Ccore stator topology is presented and compared in this work. A two-dimensional finite-element analysis (2D-FEA) approach is implemented using ANSYS-MAXWELL software package. Three-dimensional (3D) FEA calculations are also conducted, in order to realize more accurate results, and its results are compared with the 2D-FEA predicted results. The investigated machine elements are: airgap fluxdensity, torque ripple, total harmonic distortion (THD) of the voltage, cogging torque, unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) or force, winding inductances, directand quadrature-axis flux, electromotive force, and output torque. The analyses show that undesirable qualities such as large amount of cogging torque and UMP are predominant in the machine having rare-earth magnets, i.e., neodymium and samarium-cobalt, although they have larger flux linkage and superior average torque compared to its non-rare-earth magnet equivalents, i.e., the ferriteand alnico-made machines. Moreover, the alnicoand ferrite-made machines exhibit larger winding inductance values, and consequently lower saturation withstand capability, though with better field-weakening capability. Further, the predicted efficiencies of the compared machine types having alnico, ferrite, neodymium and samarium materials, at rated current and speed conditions are: 79.8%, 75.76%, 87.22%, and 86.58%, respectively. More so, the generated electromagnetic output power of the compared machine types at the operating base speed is: 206.57 Watts, 186.57 Watts, 449.67 Watts, and 396.40 Watts, respectively. The investigated machine is suitable for high torque in-wheel direct-drive applications.
Comparison of international guidelines for early-phase clinical trials of cellular and gene therapy products

Cellular and gene therapies (CGT) are promising fields that are bringing significant clinical benefits to patients by directly targeting the underlying cause of disease. In line with this trend, regulatory agencies in every country have been making efforts to accelerate CGT product development. For acceleration, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of clinical trials, thus the early-phase clinical trials for CGT products should be elaborate and productive. The guidelines of international regulatory agencies were compared and analyzed to examine the considerations for the design of early-phase CGT products. The guidelines described a safety evaluation, preliminary evidence of effectiveness gathering, dose exploration, and a feasibility assessment as common objectives of early-phase clinical trials for CGT products. In addition, the considerations for the design of early-phase CGT products included pretreatment effects and problems in the manufacturing and administration process. The guidelines also covered selection of a study population, control group/blinding, and dose/regimen planning. There were differences in the degree of detail, description, and the scope of the content covered by each guideline. The guideline published by FDA was the most specific. However, when compared with the previous guidelines for designing early-phase clinical trials for small molecules and biologics, the current guidelines need to be revised to suggest more detailed and practical principles and rules.
Stärken für die Oberflächenveredelung und Nasspartiechemie. I

According to our experience, the wet end of a paper machine runs best when fibre surface and the charges of solute matter are close to zero. Cationic starch gives a lot of problems in the coating area and is being used rarely or not at all. When anionic starches are used for surface treatment, they will be released during broke pulping. However, it will be shown that even low-viscosity anionic starches can be assessed as anionic trash and retained in the paper by means of a suitable cationic chemical equally well or better than a highly viscous cationic starch.
Promoting gender equity in school leadership appointments: A comparison of male and female headteachers’ instructional leadership practices in Ghana

Ghana’s efforts to end all forms of discrimination against women and ensure gender equity in school leadership appointments require a change in peoples’ mindsets, habits and cultural beliefs. It is envisaged that evidence on the performance of the few women who have been appointed into leadership positions against their male counterparts would be quite instrumental in the change process. This study, therefore, assessed whether statistically significant differences exist in the extent to which male and female headteachers in two selected educational districts in Ghana enact instructional leadership practices in their schools. Utilizing a descriptive survey design and employing the teacher version of the principal instructional management rating scale, 263 teachers participated in the study. Findings from the study showed that there were no significant differences between male and female headteachers in none of the ten instructional leadership functions explored in the study. This meant that male headteachers in the selected educational districts did not significantly demonstrate any superior instructional leadership practices compared to their female counterparts. The study recommends that educational policymakers in Ghana initiate pragmatic policies to increase women’s representation and participation in school leadership roles.
Enhanced removal of Ni(II) from electroplating effluents using herbal biomass as alum substituents

The study focuses on the coagulation/flocculation (C/F) property of the biomass extracts from Ficus religiosa , and ficus-indica . The biomass was character ized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer (SEM-EDAX) and zeta potential values. The performance of the four biomass materials in the removal of Ni(II) ions from the electroplating effluents have been investigated. Based on their response with synthetic wastewater, the treatment process was successfully applied for the treatment of the electroplating effluents. Results obtained showed the maximum Ni(II) removal efficiency of the biomass extracts as 45% under acidic pH, 63% under neutral pH, and 81% under alkaline pH conditions. The optimized condition required for achieving 90% removal of the nickel ions from the electroplating effluents was obtained from Box–Behnken– Design (BBD), using pH, dosage of flocculants, and concentration of nickel as independent variables whereas turbidity, sedimentation, and Ni(II) removal (%) as response variables. Desirable results were obtained at pH value of 8.5 and 1.5 g/L of biomass dosage of A. squamosa . The treated efflu - ent has to subsequently undergo biological treatment in order to meet the discharge standards. In the primary wastewater treatment with biomass extracts, Ni(II) removal efficiency was comparable to that of the alum usage and is attained by the use of non-toxic biodegradable coagulants.
Restoring the seagrass Zostera muelleri with transplants: small cores are as effective as larger plots

ABSTRACT Seagrass extent has declined globally, including in New Zealand. Following the success of an initial trial to transplant and re-establish intertidal seagrass at a former site in Whangarei Harbour, a second trial was initiated. This trial aimed to restore seagrass at a more distant former site and tested the efficacy of transplant units ranging in size from small cores (5 or 9 × 0.01 m diameter cores placed within a 0.25 m2 plot) to larger entire plots (0.25 m2 or 0.5 m2). Seagrass was transplanted in winter when plants were dormant. Plant cover of transplanted and donor plots and light climate at both sites were monitored over a period of four years. All but one of the 24 units survived, and the plants began to spread after 12–18 months to eventually develop patches ranging in size from 5 to 68 m2. Seagrass recolonised all donor plots completely within 10 months. Results show that small cores and larger plots can both be used successfully to transplant and restore populations of Zostera muelleri with no long-lasting damage to donor meadows. However, use of small cores is recommended to minimise extractions and loss of transplanted material, and to simplify logistics.
Dual inverter control strategy for high speed operation of EV induction motors

ISA (integrated starter/alternator) will be used for cars soon with 42 volt system. ISA is a multi-functional integrated device that functions as starting motor, generator, flywheel, or torque assist to a combustion engine. But, other than thermal and cost problem, there is an inherent difficulty in the design of motor-inverter system. Specifically, it should produce 150 Nm starting torque and also generate electricity while engine is running 6000 rpm. To produce the required torque, ISA has normally as many as 12 poles. A great problem is that the generated voltage must be limited to under 42 volt even when 12 pole ISA is running 6000 rpm. Hence, the ISA design shows that it has as much as 10:1 speed range, i.e., the field weakening operation should be extended to 10 times higher than the rated speed. In this work, we are considering the use of induction machine instead of permanent synchronous machine. As an idea for solving the voltage limit problem, we are utilizing two inverters. Sharing the voltage requirements by dual inverters is the main idea. But, the secondary inverter only takes care of the reactive voltage component which grows very large in high speed operation. Therefore, the secondary inverter does not require the use of extra voltage source. A capacitor bank suffices the purpose of the secondary inverter. Finally, both simulation and experiment for confirmation are presented.
NeonaTal Assisted TelerehAbilitation (T.A.T.A. Web App) for Hearing-Impaired Children: A Family-Centered Care Model for Early Intervention in Congenital Hearing Loss

Background: An early hearing detection and intervention program (EHDI) is the first step for the habilitation of children with permanent hearing impairment (PHI). Actually, early intervention programs have increasingly shifted toward family involvement, emphasizing that the child’s family should take an active role in the habilitation process. Therefore, familiar empowerment is the best way to improve a child’s emerging abilities. The aim of this study was to investigate parental self-efficacy beliefs and involvement as well as the language skills of deaf or hard of hearing DHH children who were habilitated with hearing aids and followed using the T.A. T.A web app (NeonaTal Assisted TelerehAbilitation), an example of asynchronous telepractice. Methods: The study describes the early stages of the habilitation program of 15 PHI children followed through the T.A. T.A. web app, which empowers families through a weekly questionnaire submitted during the first 270 to 360 days of their child’s life, for 14 weeks. The family involvement rate scale (FIRS) was used to evaluate parental compliance, and all children received in-person visits at the beginning and at the end of the training period. Results: The children showed greater auditory perceptual skills at the end of the training period on the basis of both the Infant Listening Progress Profile (ILiP) score and the Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and FIRS scales. In other words, the auditory skills improved with age as well as with parental participation. Conclusions: The T.A. T.A. web app promotes a proactive management and a tailored habilitation through an active familiar involvement, easily achieved in clinical routine and in emergency settings without additional costs.
Dynamic-Window PCA Algorithm for Step Direction Estimation

Firstly, to solve the problem of threshold setting for step-counting in personal dead reckoning system, this paper proposes a self-learning of threshold based on FSM. It can obtain an adaptive threshold in a short period of time (about 10s), and improve the accuracy of pedometer algorithm. Secondly, the FSM splits the continuous gait into individuals, which are processed by PCA to obtain the step direction. In addition, the algorithm effectively solves the 180° ambiguity by analyzing the variation of forward acceleration. The results of the experiment show that the dynamic-window PCA decreases the amount of data to be processed by 61.2% and increases the accuracy by 11.1% compared to the fixed-window PCA.
Exploitation of biomass energy technologies (BETs) for sustainable future: A review

Conventional fossil-fuel based energy resources are gradually depleting and there is urgency for exploring renewable energy resources like biomass energy as they are naturally replenishing and sustainable. Recently Biomass Energy Technologies (BET) including biomass gasification, biogas, bio-ethanol and biodiesel have made impressive technical advances and are at different stages of maturity for commercialization. In this work, BETs description, status, development, management and sustenance to fulfil the energy needs, development goals and to overcome environmental issues are briefly reviewed. Past efforts, current status and future prospects regarding strategic roadmap for BETs application are analyzed while the main forms of BETs for utility scale deployment in terms of resource identification, production and commercialization are discussed. This lead to conclusions on conceptual approach, policy instruments, implementation strategy and recommendations to overcome existing barriers. The outcome of this study will be a useful guideline for policy makers to exploit BETs to overcome energy crises at global perspectives.
Efficacy of Urtiea dicica extract for amelioration of brain lesions induced by ethylene glycol in male rabbits

The nervous system is the most delicate organ to neurotoxic substances that affects the development of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters, and organization of ion channels. Urtica dioica (Nettle) is one of the medicinal plants, which has been increasingly highlighted used for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative components. This study aimed to evaluate the improvement effects of Urtica dioica extract on the histopathological lesions of nervous system in rabbit model. Fifteen male rabbits of 700-800 grams separated into three groups, the first group is the control, and the second group were treated with 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) in water for 30 days, group three were combination treated group with both EG and Urtica dioica at 100 mg/kg for 10 days. Microscopic histological examination discovered generalized congestion of blood vessels at the cerebrum and cerebellum, degeneration and necrosis of the neuronal cells of the cerebral cortex which characterized by swelling of the degenerative cells, while necrotic cells characterized by shrunken and pyknosis of the cells in the cerebellum cortex presents of inflammatory cells in the meninges. In conclusion, the histopathological examination of brain sections of rabbits treated with ethylene glycol in addition to Urtica dioica extract showed slight improvement in the histological pictures of the cerebellum and cerebrum.
Graph signal processing to identify biomarkers in brain networks in dementia

Normal and aberrant cognitive functions are the result of the dynamic interplay between large-scale neural circuits. Describing the nature of these interactions has been a challenging task yet important for neurodegenerative disease evolution. Graph theory has been the standard tool to provide biomarkers in imaging connectomics showing the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We propose a novel concept - graph signal processing - to analyze the evolution of disease graphs leading from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD and derive frequency-based biomarkers representative for this disease. We show that high oscillations derived from the graph Fourier decomposition can provide important discriminatory information. To quantify the qualitative intuition of high oscillations, we use two concepts from signal theory: (1) zero crossings and (2) total variations. We apply these concepts on functional and structural brain connectivity networks for control (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) subjects. Our results applied to functional brain networks suggest that graph signal processing can accurately describe the frequencies of brain networks, and explain how AD is associated with low frequency and localized averaging confirmed by clinical results.
Influence of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Conditioned Medium on Osteoblasts

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are involved in the regeneration of various missing or compromised periodontal tissues, including bone. MSC-derived conditioned medium (CM) has recently been explored as a favorable surrogate for stem cell therapy, as it is capable of producing comparable therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC)-CM on osteoblasts (OB) and its potential as a therapeutic tool for periodontal regeneration. Human PDLSC were isolated and characterized, and CM from these cells was collected. The presence of exosomes in the culture supernatant was observed by immunofluorescence and by transmission electron microscopy. CM was added to a cultured osteoblastic cell line (Saos-2 cells) and viability (MTT assay) and gene expression analysis (real-time PCR) were examined. A cell line derived from the periodontal ligament and showing all the characteristics of MSC was successfully isolated and characterized. The addition of PDLSC-CM to Saos-2 cells led to an enhancement of their proliferation and an increased expression of some osteoblastic differentiation markers, but this differentiation was not complete. Saos-2 cells were involved in the initial inflammation process by releasing IL-6 and activating COX2. The effects of PDLSC-CM on Saos-2 appear to arise from a cumulative effect of different effective components rather than a few factors present at high levels.
Safety and Efficacy of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Guided Lung Tumor Localization with a Near-Infrared Marker: A Retrospective Study of 175 Patients

Preoperative localization holds promise for overcoming the limitations of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) in the treatment of impalpable lung nodules. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided localization using near-infrared (NIR) marking. Between 2017 and 2021, patients presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) who had undergone CBCT-guided lesion localization with indocyanine green (ICG) in a hybrid operating room were included. The primary outcomes were the efficacy of localization and the occurrence of complications. The study cohort consisted of 175 patients with the mean age of 58.76 years. The mean size and depth of the 175 SPNs were 8.34 mm and 5.3 mm, respectively. The mean time required for lesion marking was 14.71 min. Upon thoracoscopic inspection, the NIR tattoo was detected in the vast majority of the study participants (98.3%). An utility thoracotomy to allow digital palpation was required in two of the three patients in whom the tattoo was not identifiable. The perioperative survival rate was 100%, and the mean length of hospital stay was 3.09 days. We conclude that needle localization with ICG injection is a safe and feasible technique to localize SPNs prior to resection.
Clinician stigma and willingness to treat those with sexual interest in children

The present study examined North American clinician stigma and willingness to treat those with sexual interest in children. Clinicians (N = 101) were randomly assigned to a vignette describing a referral of a client with a sexual interest in children and asked whether they would accept the client for treatment. Vignettes differed in what the client was seeking treatment for (low mood or managing sexual interest) and sexual offence history (no offence history or a contact offence against a child). Clinicians with lower stigma were more likely to accept a referral for a client with sexual interest in children and, in general, clinicians were least likely to accept a referral for a client with a sexual offence against a child looking to manage their sexual interest. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Future Changes of Atmospheric Energy Cycle in CMIP5 Climate Models

Future changes in the atmospheric energy cycle were estimated by using 12 climate models from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and mass‐weighted isentropic zonal‐mean framework. In this framework, the zonal‐mean available potential energy (AZ) is converted to the zonal‐mean kinetic energy (KZ) through mean‐meridional direct circulations, and KZ is converted to the wave energy (W), the sum of eddy available potential energy and eddy kinetic energy, through wave‐mean flow interactions. The comparison between the late 21st century in a high emission scenario and the late 20th century in the historical scenario indicates a significant increase in AZ and KZ in winter in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH). The wave energy significantly decreases in the NH winter but slightly increases in the SH winter. In the NH winter, the stationary wave energy significantly decreases, and the transient wave energy shifts poleward. Global warming reduces the baroclinic instability wave activity, which suppresses the upward Eliassen‐Palm flux and wave‐induced extratropical direct circulation. It decreases the dynamic energy conversion rates C(AZ, KZ) and C(KZ, W). On the other hand, the diabatic wave energy generation rate (QE) is projected to increase, particularly in the SH. The future W change is consistent with the change in the sum of C(KZ, W) and QE. Changes in both the dynamical energy conversion associated with wave‐mean flow interactions and the generation of eddy available potential energy associated with diabatic heating processes are necessary to explain the wave energy change.