Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bay of Islands

Out from the shoreline of Brisbane lies a scattering of islands. Each particular, each with a feeling of its own, that in part comes from their topography. The mostly long, stretched sand islands that run along the outer edge of Moreton Bay keep the worst of the buffeting tides from the Coral Sea from the shorelines and inlets of those that lie inside the protection of their lean white flanks . These are the white-beached sand islands with impossibly high, blazingly alabaster dunes that in some parts stretch all the way from the east to the west, blown by the off-shore winds into forms that are sinuous and lithe. The are supported on a sub-structure of volcanic bedrock onto which countless tiny individual grains have been carried ashore by the strong offshore currents over 750,000 years. Others tell of different origins - that the sand islands are remnants of the hidden landscape of southeast Queensland that the post-glacial marine transgression submerged some 18,000 years ago, and which, Atlantis-like, re-emerged in more recent times.
ACTIVIDAD BIOLÓGICA DE LAS SAPONINAS DE LA CORTEZA DE INGA MARGINATA WILLDE

La corteza de Inga margina/a WU/d. contiene saponinas, taninos, fitosteroles y triterpenoides. Por cromatografla de capa delgada (CCD) se encontraron 5 saponinas. Con el extracto etanolico y las saponinas crudas se realizaron ensayos para determinar su actividad antiba c teriana y antifungica, farmacologica con ratas Wistar y ratones OF-1, e ictiotoxica sobre el pez Guppy Poedlia reticu/ata Peters. Las saponinas de la corteza poseen actividad depresora sobre el SNC en ratas y ratones. La actividad contra bacterias es baja, rmentras que contra hongos es manifiesta. Las saponinas inhiben el crecimiento de tumores en los discos de zanahoria en un 99 % . Son toxicas para al pez Guppy (Poedlia rericulat a), CLso a 96 h: 5,5 mg/L.
Geometric Calibration of the ESA Mars Express Orbiter High Resolution Stereo Camera

The high‐resolution stereo camera mounted on the Mars Express (MEX) spacecraft of the European Space Agency is specifically designed for planetary photogrammetry and mapping missions. High‐precision geometric calibration is required to maintain the geometric quality of satellite imaging. This study aimed to develop a Martian geometric calibration model based on the detector look angle and offset matrix to compensate for systematic errors caused by the camera system parameters, Doppler shift measurements, and other parameters of the interior and exterior orientation during positioning. Moreover, the difficulty in identifying high‐precision geometric ground control points from extra‐terrestrial imagery was addressed by proposing an iterative Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter extraction algorithm based on the similarity measure of terrain relief. Using this algorithm, constraint conditions were established, and a calibration model was introduced to achieve in‐orbit geometric calibration of the MEX satellite. The proposed method is effective in reducing the distortion of the camera in calibration images from 12 pixels to <1 pixel, both before and after calibration. Moreover, the plane accuracy of validation images improved from approximately 900 to 200 m, while elevation accuracy improved from 500 to 100 m, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A New Incremental Learning for Bearing Fault Diagnosis Under Noisy Conditions Using Classification and Feature-Level Information

Deep learning has been widely used for fault diagnosis of complex mechanical equipment in recent years. However, fault types keep increasing with the change in the working state of mechanical equipment in practical scenarios, which causes the performance of traditional machine-learning models to degrade rapidly. Incremental learning can continuously learn new knowledge from incremental information while retaining previously learned knowledge, effectively enhancing the generalization performance of the model to meet the needs of fault diagnosis in actual industrial scenarios. Moreover, the noise environment will have a certain effect on the performance of the model. Therefore, this article proposes a new incremental learning method using classification and feature-level information, which aims to improve the robustness of the model under noisy conditions. First, an adaptive dual-branch residual network is constructed, and weights are assigned through an adaptive algorithm to enable the model to retain old knowledge while learning new knowledge. Then, an adversarial network is used to reduce the differences at the feature level after the samples pass through the model of different phases, which ensures the sustainable learning ability of the model and promotes knowledge transfer between different phases. Meanwhile, catastrophic forgetting is overcome through knowledge distillation loss. The comparative experimental results show that the proposed method in this article outperforms the current popular incremental learning method.
Heading down early on? Start of subduction on Earth

How the Earth’s earliest crust was formed and when present-day plate tectonics (i.e., subduction) and life commenced remain fundamental questions in Earth sciences. Whereas the bulk composition of the crust is similar to that of rocks generated in subduction settings, it does not necessarily follow that melting and crust formation require subduction. Many workers suggest that subduction may have only commenced toward the end of the Archean or later. Here we observe that both the stratigraphy and geochemistry of rocks found in Quebec, Canada, that have been variously argued to be 4.4 or 3.8 Ga in age, closely match those from the modern-day Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc. We suggest that this geochemical stratigraphy might provide a more robust test of ancient tectonic setting than individual chemical or isotopic signatures in rocks or detrital minerals. If correct, the match suggests that at least some form of subduction may have been operating as early as the Hadean or Eoarchean. This could have provided an ideal location for the development of first life.
What, if anything, is a brackish-water fauna?

ABSTRACT The nature of the fauna of brackish-water environments is reviewed. It is concluded that: (a) a specific brackish-water macrofauna does not exist; (b) in salinities of >c. 5-8‰ the fauna is one that also occurs in soft sediments under fully marine conditions when circumstances (possibly the absence of competing species) permit; (c) in salinities of <c. 5‰ the fauna is essentially a freshwater one; and (d) inability to cope physiologically with brackish water is not a factor of major importance in limiting species diversity in these habitats, except in the vicinity of 5‰ salinity. Caution is therefore advised in assigning brackish status to past environments on the basis of their preserved fauna.
An insecure secularity? Religion, decolonisation and diversification in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT The question of the location of religion in the public sphere is always a matter of the logics, practices, and politics of secularism.While mythologies of a linear secular teleology have been thoroughly critiqued, the ongoing trajectories for both religious and secular politics are contested and emergent. New Zealand provides an important context for examining these dynamics. While New Zealand is frequently referenced as among the most secular nations in the world, with census data tracking a precipitous disaffiliation from Christianity and a concomitant rapid increase in ‘non-religion’, the actual situation is in considerable flux. A crucial dynamic is the combination of an indigenous Māori cultural renaissance and state attempts to recognise the moral imperative of decolonisation which have resulted in new languages of spirituality shaping both law and politics. Diverse religious groups have also occupied prominent spaces in shaping public concern and setting new agendas for national life. This paper traces the emerging contours of this dynamic religious context and the contributions of religion and spirituality in shaping political leadership in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Cenozoic evolution of the Pamir and Tien Shan mountains reflected in syntectonic deposits of the Tajik Basin

Abstract The NE Tajik Basin in Central Asia, compressed between the ranges of the Tien Shan in the north and the Pamir in the south, is a key region for understanding the evolution of these mountain systems. Erosion and deposition history of the NE Tajik Basin and the adjoining orogens since the late Oligocene is reflected in the sedimentary record. The sedimentary rocks of the NE Tajik Basin are composed of thick units of proximal braided river deposits. They reflect large fluvial plains extending from the margins of the Northern Pamir and the Southern Tien Shan mountains, but are not related to the established lithostratigraphic scheme. Almost all Oligocene–Pliocene synorogenic deposits of the NE Tajik Basin were derived from the northern Pamir ranges, except upper Miocene–Recent proximal deposits close to the active margin of the Tien Shan. Initial uplift in some areas of the SW Tien Shan since the Oligocene was followed by a phase of low-energy sedimentation and a predominance of the southern source area. Since the middle Miocene, erosion of the ranges has occurred with the proximal sedimentation of coarse fluvial deposits along the northern margin of the Tajik Basin.
Methodology of elastic full‐waveform inversion of multicomponent ocean‐bottom data for anisotropic media

Full‐waveform inversion (FWI) of multicomponent data can provide an improved estimation of medium parameters using both compressional‐ and shear‐wave information. However, most earlier studies that involve FWI of ocean‐bottom data are based on acoustic anisotropic or elastic isotropic approximations. Here, we consider realistic elastic anisotropic media and develop an efficient FWI framework for estimating model parameters. We simulate seismic wavefields using a previously developed coupled acoustic/elastic wave propagator that implements a mimetic finite‐difference method with fully staggered grids to accurately handle the fluid/solid boundary conditions. The algorithm employs a multiscale approach starting from low frequencies and incorporating higher‐frequency bands in the later inversion stages. We analyze the influence of different types of input data on the accuracy of the inverted VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) parameters for hard and soft water bottoms. The employed misfit function incorporates information from both hydrophones and ocean‐bottom geophones. Numerical examples indicate that injecting multiple data components simultaneously increases the complexity of the objective function and often degrades the quality of the estimated medium parameters. Thus, we propose a sequential strategy using a single data component at a time. Pressure (hydrophone) data alone can provide satisfactory results if long offsets (i.e., with the offset/depth ratio 3) are available. Adding the horizontal particle‐displacement or ‐velocity components increases the accuracy of the shear‐wave vertical velocity () and P‐wave normal‐moveout () velocity, especially for strongly heterogeneous sub‐water‐bottom models.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Levenberg-Marquardt method with simultaneous calculations of averaging kernels and errors for methane retrieval from IASI spectra

Levenberg-Marquardt method parameter selection for methane vertical profile retrieval from IASI/METOP spectra is presented. A modified technique for iterative calculation of averaging kernels and a posteriori errors for every spectrum is suggested. Known from literature method is expanded for the case of absence of a priori statistics for methane vertical profiles. Software for massive processing of IASI spectra using is developed. Effect of LM parameter selection on averaging kernel norm and a posteriori errors is illustrated. NCEP reanalysis data provided by ESRL (NOAA, Boulder, USA) were taken as initial guess. Surface temperature, temperature and humidity vertical profiles are retrieved before methane vertical profile retrieval.
Chaetomium : First report from some water bodies of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh

Three species of Chaetomium viz. C. bostrychodes, C. crispatum and C. spirale belonging to order Sphaeriales and group Ascomycotina were isolated for the first time from Sarangpani lake, Shahpura Lake & Lower Lake of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
Two-Tap Equalizer for the Eye Skewing Distortion

Eye diagram skew is a well-known impairment observed at high baud rates in directly modulated lasers. Eye skew manifests as a time-shift between the lower and upper parts of the eye diagram in higher-order pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signals. In this letter, we show that alike the inter-symbol interference can be explained by frequency-selective attenuation of the signal, the eye skewing is a result of a time shift between the fundamental frequency and the 2nd-order harmonic distortion generated in a nonlinear system. This reverse-engineering analysis leads to an ultra-simple two-tap eye (de)skewing equalizer, which only requires asynchronous operations easily implemented in analog circuitry: squaring, addition, and delay. The relationship between the two of the proposed equalizer parameters and the resulting skew is established theoretically, while the equalizer performance is validated in a 50 Gbit/s PAM-4 VCSEL transmission system.
The Management of Chronic Pain: Re-Centring Person-Centred Care

The drive for a more person-centred approach in the broader field of clinical medicine is also gaining traction in chronic pain treatment. Despite current advances, a further departure from ‘business as usual’ is required to ensure that the care offered or received is not only effective but also considers personal values, goals, abilities, and day-to-day realities. Existing work typically focuses on explaining pain symptoms and the development of standardised interventions, at the risk of overlooking the broader consequences of pain in individuals’ lives and individual differences in pain responses. This review underscores the importance of considering additional factors, such as the influence of chronic pain on an individual’s sense of self. It explores innovative approaches to chronic pain management that have the potential to optimise effectiveness and offer person-centred care. Furthermore, it delves into research applying hybrid and individual formulations, along with self-monitoring technologies, to enhance pain assessment and the tailoring of management strategies. In conclusion, this review advocates for chronic pain management approaches that align with an individual’s priorities and realities while fostering their active involvement in self-monitoring and self-management.
SOME STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AZMAR ANTICLINE – NE IRAQ

- The purpose of this study is to elucidate the structural style of Azmar structure, a major anticlinorium within the imbricate partition of Zagros fold-thrust belt in northeastern Iraq. Structural analysis of this anticlinorium demonstrated that it consists of four main NNW-SSE trending anticlines. They are imbricated SW ward through NE dipping reverse faults merge to a deep seated detachment. Furthermore, analysis of minor folds on hinge and limbs of the main Azmar anticline revealed the versatile style of such minor folds and their opposing vergencies. These features emphasize the role of faulting in development of the major fold and the minor folds. This interpretation has been supported by hinge angularity, as well as by association of hinge and limb disrupting reverse slip mesofaults with those minor folds. Therefore a progressive fault related folding is proposed for Azmar structure in this work.
Meaningful Explanation Effect on User’s Trust in an AI Medical System: Designing Explanations for Non-Expert Users

Whereas most research in AI system explanation for healthcare applications looks at developing algorithmic explanations targeted at AI experts or medical professionals, the question we raise is: How do we build meaningful explanations for laypeople? And how does a meaningful explanation affect user’s trust perceptions? Our research investigates how the key factors affecting human-AI trust change in the light of human expertise, and how to design explanations specifically targeted at non-experts. By means of a stage-based design method, we map the ways laypeople understand AI explanations in a User Explanation Model. We also map both medical professionals and AI experts’ practice in an Expert Explanation Model. A Target Explanation Model is then proposed, which represents how experts’ practice and layperson’s understanding can be combined to design meaningful explanations. Design guidelines for meaningful AI explanations are proposed, and a prototype of AI system explanation for non-expert users in a breast cancer scenario is presented and assessed on how it affect users’ trust perceptions.
Effect of diagenetic events on limestone reservoir quality: Case study of Parigi formation, Northwest Java basin

Limestone is a sedimentary rock with high heterogeneity. This is triggered by diagenetic processes that affect the quality of limestone during its formation. The high uncertainty in limestone porosity values is also influenced by diagenetic processes. The Parigi Formation is a carbonate rock located in the Northwest Java Basin and has been proven to be a carbonate reservoir rock. Petrographic analysis was conducted to observe the appearance resulting from diagenetic processes. The studied area's limestone has two facies: clastic facies and reef facies. The limestone of clastic facies is white to greyish, consisting of skeletal fragments or shell fragments, with some places contains fragmented coral fragments. It is grain-supported, massive, poorly sorted, with fragment sizes ranging from 1mm-8mm and in some places 10cm-20cm. The reef facies of limestone are generally white to greyish colour, compact/massive, without cavities, and shows the body structure of coral/reef. The processes occurring in the Parigi Formation limestone, based on thin-section data, include cementation and neomorphism, which are commonly found in thin section LP 7 and LP 10. Cementation and neomorphism lead to a decrease in porosity in the limestone. Samples LP 1 - LP 5 show extensive dissolution, resulting in vuggy cavities/porosity. These limestone samples have high porosity values. The transformation of fossils into new crystals or recrystallization processes also reduces the limestone's porosity. Some samples also show that the cavities in the Parigi Formation limestone have been filled by calcite cements, thus closing the pores. This leads to poor quality limestone. In conclusion, the heterogeneous nature of limestone is significantly influenced by diagenetic processes. Petrographic analysis of the Parigi Formation limestone revealed the occurrence of cementation, neomorphism, dissolution, and recrystallization processes, all of which have implications for porosity and reservoir quality.
Model of Global HR Development and Green Economy Diplomacy: Strengthening Global Environmental Governance in Indonesia

Objective: This study analyzes the development of global human resources and green economy diplomacy in the Indonesian context and their impact on Global Environmental Governance, focusing on the renewable energy sector and the environment. This research highlights important issues related to environmental sustainability and the Indonesian government's efforts to promote sustainable practices through Global HR development and green economic diplomacy. Methods: The research methodology involves a theoretical analysis and literature review. The HR Global Environmental Competency Model and Green Economic Diplomacy serve as the conceptual frameworks for the analysis. Data collected from various sources, including academic journals, books, government reports, and relevant publications, are systematically analyzed. Results: The analysis reveals the Indonesian government's commitment to sustainable development and the implementation of policies and programs supporting renewable energy, investment in the renewable energy sector, and environmental protection. The HR Global Environmental Competency Model and Green Economic Diplomacy play crucial roles in enhancing human resources and promoting sustainable practices. These initiatives contribute to the strengthening of Global Environmental Governance in Indonesia. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the Indonesian government's efforts in developing global human resources and implementing green economic diplomacy have a positive impact on Global Environmental Governance. However, this research has limitations in terms of its focus on Indonesia's renewable energy sector and the lack of empirical analysis. Future studies should involve empirical research, engage various stakeholders, and conduct comparative studies with other countries to gain a more comprehensive understanding of best practices and challenges in Global Environmental Governance.
Study on the Citizen Perceptions of Smart Cities in China: A Mediating Effect of Citizen Quality of Life

: Although there has been a significant amount of research focused on citizen-centric smart cities, most previous studies have primarily focused on urban residents' quality of life and well-being. There is limited knowledge on the perception of smart cities, particularly the views and attitudes of young digital natives from China. Using quality of life as a moderator, the objective of this study is to examine the perceptions of China's young citizens regarding smart cities. This quantitative study employed a survey methodology. The scales used in the study were derived from established scales found in the previous research literature. Due to personal and privacy issues, a randomized questionnaire survey was conducted to allow respondents to freely provide their answers and minimize potential bias caused by social desirability. Young participants invited to take part in the survey were contacted either verbally or through email and completed the survey online by using the Wen Juan Xing portal - the most commonly used and authoritative data collection service platform in China. This study found that the majority of reports from young citizens said that making smart city services would positively affect their quality of life. In addition, these youthful citizens argued that the creation of smart cities is a positive development. The perceptions of these young individuals have provided valuable data for evaluating and refining smart city development strategies, enabling city administrators and ICT companies to better engage with citizens. This facilitates the enhancement of ICT-based urban services to become more intelligent.