Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying individuals with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multisite resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging: A radiomics analysis

Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by symptoms of age‐inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Apart from behavioral symptoms investigated by psychiatric methods, there is no standard biological test to diagnose ADHD. This study aimed to explore whether the radiomics features based on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance (rs‐fMRI) have more discriminative power for the diagnosis of ADHD. The rs‐fMRI of 187 subjects with ADHD and 187 healthy controls were collected from 5 sites of ADHD‐200 Consortium. A total of four preprocessed rs‐fMRI images including regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF), voxel‐mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and network degree centrality (DC) were used in this study. From each of the four images, we extracted 93 radiomics features within each of 116 automated anatomical labeling brain areas, resulting in a total of 43,152 features for each subject. After dimension reduction and feature selection, 19 radiomics features were retained (5 from ALFF, 9 from ReHo, 3 from VMHC and 2 from DC). By training and optimizing a support vector machine model using the retained features of training dataset, we achieved the accuracy of 76.3% and 77.0% (areas under curve = 0.811 and 0.797) in the training and testing datasets, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that radiomics can be a novel strategy for fully utilizing rs‐fMRI information to distinguish ADHD from healthy controls. The rs‐fMRI‐based radiomics features have the potential to be neuroimaging biomarkers for ADHD.
Testing for linear vector autoregressive dynamics under multivariate generalized autoregressive heteroskedasticity

In this paper, we propose a fixed design wild bootstrap procedure to test parameter restrictions in vector autoregressive models, which is robust in cases of conditionally heteroskedastic error terms. The wild bootstrap does not require any parametric specification of the volatility process and takes contemporaneous error correlation implicitly into account. Via a Monte Carlo investigation, empirical size and power properties of the method are illustrated for the case of white noise under the null hypothesis. We compare the bootstrap approach with standard ordinary least squares (OLS)‐based, weighted least squares (WLS) and quasi‐maximum likelihood (QML) approaches. In terms of empirical size, the proposed method outperforms competing approaches and achieves size‐adjusted power close to WLS or QML inference. A White correction of standard OLS inference is satisfactory only in large samples. We investigate the case of Granger causality in a bivariate system of inflation expectations in France and the United Kingdom. Our evidence suggests that the former are Granger causal for the latter while for the reverse relation Granger non‐causality cannot be rejected.
Development of an objective method to quantify hippocampal dentation

Hippocampal dentation (HD) refers to a series of ridges (dentes) seen on the inferior aspect of the hippocampus. The degree of HD varies dramatically across healthy individuals, and hippocampal pathology may result in loss of HD. Existing studies show associations between HD and memory performance in healthy adults as well as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. However, until now studies relied on visual assessment of HD as no objective methods to quantify HD have been described. In this work, we describe a method to objectively quantify HD by transforming the characteristic 3D surface morphology of HD into a simplified 2D plot for which area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. This was applied to T1w scans of 59 TLE subjects, each with one epileptic hippocampus and one normal appearing hippocampus. Results showed that AUC significantly correlated with the number of dentes based on visual inspection (p < .05) and correctly sorted a set of hippocampi from least to most prominently dentated. Intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was nearly perfect (ICC ≥ 0.99). AUC values were significantly lower in epileptic hippocampi compared to contralateral hippocampi (p = .00019), consistent with previously published findings. In the left TLE group, the AUC values from the contralateral hippocampi showed a positive trend (p = .07) with verbal memory acquisition scores but was not statistically significant. The proposed approach is the first objective, quantitative measurement of dentation described in the literature. The AUC values numerically capture the complex surface contour information of HD and will enable future study of this interesting morphologic feature.
Work-MAP Telehealth Metacognitive Work-Performance Intervention for Adults With ADHD: Randomized Controlled Trial

The literature highlighted the need for evidence-based occupational therapy teleinterventions to improve work participation among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a self-tailored, metacognitive, telehealth intervention to enhance the performance of adults with ADHD at work (Work-MAP). The outcome measures were efficacy and satisfaction with performing self-selected work goals, executive functions, and quality of life. Participants in this randomized controlled trial were 46 adults with ADHD. Group A (n = 31) received the synchronous, hybrid-telehealth intervention in 11-weekly 1-hour individual sessions. Group B (n = 15) completed the intervention after a waiting phase. Following the intervention, participants showed and maintained significant improvements in all outcome measures (strong-to-moderate significant effects) to the 3-month follow-up. The Work-MAP teleintervention appears effective for improving work participation (i.e., performance), executive functions, and quality of life of adults with ADHD.
Synchronization of kinetic and kinematic hand tasks with electrocorticography and cortical stimulation during awake craniotomies

Awake craniotomies provide unique and invaluable scientific opportunities for neurophysiological experimentation in consenting human subjects. While such experimentation carries a long history, rigorous reporting of methodologies focusing on synchronizing data across multiple platforms is not universally reported and often not translatable to across operating rooms, facilities, or behavioral tasks. Therefore, here we detail an intraoperative data synchronization methodology designed to work across multiple commercially available platforms to collect behavioral and surgical field videos, electrocorticography, brain stimulation timing, continuous finger joint angles, and continuous finger force production. Our technique was developed to be nonobstructive to operating room (OR) staff and generalizable to a variety of hand-based tasks. We hope that the detailed reporting of our methods will support the scientific rigor and reproducibility of future studies, as well as aid other groups interested in performing related experiments.
Increased Bone Volume by Ixazomib in Multiple Myeloma: 3‐Month Results from an Open Label Phase 2 Study

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable bone marrow cancer characterized by the development of osteolytic lesions due to the myeloma‐induced increase in osteoclastogenesis and decrease in osteoblastic activity. The standard treatment of MM often involves proteasome inhibitors (PIs), which can also have a beneficial off‐target bone anabolic effect. However, long‐term treatment with PIs is unadvised due to their high side‐effect burden and inconvenient route of administration. Ixazomib is a new‐generation, oral PI that is generally well tolerated; however, its bone effect remains unknown. Here, we describe the 3‐month results of a single‐center phase II clinical trial investigating the effect of ixazomib treatment on bone formation and bone microstructure. Thirty patients with MM in stable disease not receiving antimyeloma treatment for ≥3 months and presenting ≥2 osteolytic lesions received monthly ixazomib treatment cycles. Serum and plasma samples were collected at baseline and monthly thereafter. Sodium 18F‐Fluoride positron emission tomography (NaF‐PET) whole‐body scans and trephine iliac crest bone biopsies were collected before and after three treatment cycles. The serum levels of bone remodeling biomarkers suggested an early ixazomib‐induced decrease in bone resorption. NaF‐PET scans indicated unchanged bone formation ratios; however, histological analyses of bone biopsies revealed a significant increase in bone volume per total volume after treatment. Further analyses of bone biopsies showed unchanged osteoclast number and COLL1A1High‐expressing osteoblasts on bone surfaces. Next, we analyzed the superficial bone structural units (BSUs), which represent each recent microscopic bone remodeling event. Osteopontin staining revealed that following treatment, significantly more BSUs were enlarged (>200,000 μm2), and the distribution frequency of their shape was significantly different from baseline. Overall, our data suggest that ixazomib induces overflow remodeling‐based bone formation by decreasing the level of bone resorption and promoting longer bone formation events, making it a potentially valuable candidate for future maintenance treatment. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Safflower seed oil, a rich source of linoleic acid, stimulates hypothalamic neurogenesis in vivo

Adult neurogenesis has been reported in the hypothalamus, subventricular zone and subgranular zone in the hippocamp. Recent studies indicated that new cells in the hypothalamus are affected by diet. We previously showed beneficial effects of safflower seed oil (SSO), a rich source of linoleic acid (LA; 74%), on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. In this study, the effect of SSO on hypothalamic neurogenesis was investigated in vivo, in comparison to synthetic LA. Adult mice were treated with SSO (400 mg/kg) and pure synthetic LA (300 mg/kg), at similar concentrations of LA, for 8 weeks and then hypothalamic NSCs were cultured and subsequently used for Neurosphere-forming assay. In addition, serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Administration of SSO for 8 weeks in adult mice promoted the proliferation of NSCs isolated from SSO-treated mice. Immunofluorescence staining of the hypothalamus showed that the frequency of astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein+ cells) are not affected by LA or SSO. However, the frequency of immature (doublecortin+ cells) and mature (neuronal nuclei+ cells) neurons significantly increased in LA- and SSO-treated mice, compared to vehicle. Furthermore, both LA and SSO caused a significant increase in the serum levels of BDNF. Importantly, SSO acted more potently than LA in all experiments. The presence of other fatty acids in SSO, such as oleic acid and palmitic acid, suggests that they could be responsible for SSO positive effect on hypothalamic proliferation and neurogenesis, compared to synthetic LA at similar concentrations.
Blind watermarking algorithm for high fidelity of image

This paper proposes an improved watermarking algorithm for high fidelity of image. While the watermark is embedded in the third level subband of wavelet domain according to neighboring symbol's mean value and odd-even adjugement rule,the watermark embedding strength of the third level subband can be increased or decreased according to frequency characteristics of the second level subband. This is a blind watermarking which can confirm the copyright without the original image. Experimental results and attack analyses show that the watermark algorithm can produce the watermarked image which has high fidelity and is robust against some image processing operations, such as JPEG lossy compression, filtering and additive noise attacks.
Calibration and measurement of a wideband six-port polarimetric measurement system

The principle of operation, calibration procedure, and experimental results of a wideband six-port polarimetric measurement system are described in this paper. This measurement system can measure the polarization states of incoming waves and the polarimetric scattering matrices of scattering targets from the wideband power data. The imbalances and coupling between antenna polarization channels and the characteristics of microwave components used in the measurement system are calibrated using three partly unknown scattering calibrators that are illuminated by four unknown-polarized calibrating waves.
The role of expectations, control and reward in the development of pain persistence based on a unified model

Chronic, or persistent pain affects more than 10% of adults in the general population. This makes it one of the major physical and mental health care problems. Although pain is an important acute warning signal that allows the organism to take action before tissue damage occurs, it can become persistent and its role as a warning signal thereby inadequate. Although per definition, pain can only be labeled as persistent after 3 months, the trajectory from acute to persistent pain is likely to be determined very early and might even start at the time of injury. The biopsychosocial model has revolutionized our understanding of chronic pain and paved the way for psychological treatments for persistent pain, which routinely outperform other forms of treatment. This suggests that psychological processes could also be important in shaping the very early trajectory from acute to persistent pain and that targeting these processes could prevent the development of persistent pain. In this review, we develop an integrative model and suggest novel interventions during early pain trajectories, based on predictions from this model.
Radiation-Induced Degradation in Ion Exchange Resins for a Water Detritiation System

The combined electrolysis and catalytic exchange process has been selected for the water detritiation system for the ITER. In the front-end process of tritiated water electrolyzer composed of a solid polymer electrode, ion exchange resin beds are installed for processing effluent ions in the enriched tritiated water from the catalytic exchange column to avoid the deterioration of the solid polymer electrode. The tritium concentration in the circulation resin bed is evaluated to reach 1.09x1015Bq/m3. It is thus important to note the radiation-induced degradation in ion exchange resins. We studied the degradation effects in Amberlite[registered] and Diaion[registered] organic ion exchange resins caused by the irradiation with electron beam up to the integrated dose of 1500kGy. The procedures D2187-94 of the American Society for Testing and Materials were adopted for the evaluation of the water retention capacity, the backwashed and settled density, the salt splitting capacity, and the total exchange capacity of particulate ion exchange resins. A 20% decrease of total exchange capacity of the cation exchange resin, when irradiated up to 1500 kGy at room temperature, has been observed.
Clinical utility of intraoperative arterial spin labeling for resection control in brain tumor surgery at 3 T

Resection control in brain tumor surgery can be achieved in real time with intraoperative MRI (iMRI). Arterial spin labeling (ASL), a technique that measures cerebral blood flow (CBF) non‐invasively without the use of intravenous contrast agents, can be performed intraoperatively, providing morpho‐physiological information. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, image quality and potential to depict residual tumor of a pseudo‐continuous ASL (PCASL) sequence at 3 T. Seventeen patients with brain tumors, primary (16) or metastatic (1), undergoing resection surgery with iMRI monitoring, were prospectively recruited (nine men, age 56 ± 16.6 years). A PCASL sequence with long labeling duration (3000 ms) and postlabeling delay (2000 ms) was added to the conventional protocol, which consisted of pre‐ and postcontrast 3D T1‐weighted (T1w) images, optional 3D‐FLAIR, and diffusion. Three observers independently assessed the image quality (four‐point scale) of PCASL‐derived CBF maps. In those with diagnostic quality (Scores 2–4) they evaluated the presence of residual tumor using the conventional sequences first, and the CBF maps afterwards (three‐point scale). Inter‐observer agreement for image quality and the presence of residual tumor was assessed using Fleiss kappa statistics. The intraoperative CBF ratio of the surgical margins (i.e., perilesional CBF values normalized to contralateral gray matter CBF) was compared with preoperative CBF ratio within the tumor (Wilcoxon's test). Diagnostic ASL image quality was observed in 94.1% of patients (interobserver Fleiss κ = 0.76). PCASL showed additional foci suggestive of high‐grade residual component in three patients, and a hyperperfused area extending outside the enhancing component in one patient. Interobserver agreement was almost perfect in the evaluation of residual tumor with the conventional sequences (Fleiss κ = 0.92) and substantial for PCASL (Fleiss κ = 0.80). No significant differences were found between pre and intraoperative CBF ratios (p = 0.578) in patients with residual tumor (n = 7). iMRI‐PCASL perfusion is feasible at 3 T and is useful for the intraoperative assessment of residual tumor, providing in some cases additional information to the conventional sequences.
Phytophthora sojae effector PsAvh113 associates with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB to inhibit catalase‐mediated immunity

Summary Phytophthora species are the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and the main threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems; however, their pathogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that Avh113 effector is required for the virulence of Phytophthora sojae and is important for development of Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRSR) in soybean (Glycine max). Ectopic expression of PsAvh113 enhanced viral and Phytophthora infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. PsAvh113 directly associated with the soybean transcription factor GmDPB, inducing its degradation by the 26S proteasome. The internal repeat 2 (IR2) motif of PsAvh113 was important for its virulence and interaction with GmDPB, while silencing and overexpression of GmDPB in soybean hairy roots altered the resistance to P. sojae. Upon binding to GmDPB, PsAvh113 decreased the transcription of the downstream gene GmCAT1, which acts as a positive regulator of plant immunity. Furthermore, we revealed that PsAvh113 suppressed the GmCAT1‐induced cell death by associating with GmDPB, thereby enhancing plant susceptibility to Phytophthora. Together, our findings reveal a vital role of PsAvh113 in inducing PRSR in soybean and offer a novel insight into the interplay between defence and counter‐defence during the P. sojae infection of soybean.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on cerebral blood flow in male patients with adrenoleukodystrophy

One‐third of boys with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) develop inflammatory demyelinating lesions, typically at the splenium. These lesions share similarities with multiple sclerosis, including cerebral hypoperfusion and links to vitamin D insufficiency. We hypothesized that increasing vitamin D levels would increase cerebral blood flow (CBF) in ALD boys. We conducted an exploratory analysis of vitamin D supplementation and CBF using all available data from participants enrolled in a recent single‐arm interventional study of vitamin D supplementation in boys with ALD. We measured whole brain and splenium CBF using arterial spin labeling (ASL) from three study time points (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months). We used linear generalized estimating equations to evaluate CBF changes between time points and to test for an association between CBF and vitamin D. ASL data were available for 16 participants, aged 2–22 years. Mean vitamin D levels increased by 72.7% (p < .001) after 6 months and 88.6% (p < .01) after 12 months. Relative to baseline measures, mean CBF of the whole brain (6 months: +2.5%, p = .57; 12 months: +6.1%, p = .18) and splenium (6 months: +1.2%, p = .80; 12 months: +7.4%, p = .058) were not significantly changed. Vitamin D levels were positively correlated with CBF in the splenium (slope = .59, p < .001). In this exploratory analysis, we observed a correlation between vitamin D levels and splenial CBF in ALD boys. We confirm the feasibility of measuring CBF in this brain region and population, but further work is needed to establish a causal role for vitamin D in modulating CBF.
Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. V. On the reconstruction of the stature of prehistoric races

1. The object of this memoir is to illustrate the general theory by which we may reconstruct from the knowledge of one organ in a fossil or prehistoric race, the dimensions of other organs, when the correlation between organs in existing races of the same species has been ascertained. The particular illustration chosen is the reconstruction of probable stature from a measurement of the long bones.
Plasma density temporal evolution in a high-power microwave pulse compressor switch

Time-resolved optical-emission spectroscopy measurements are used to evaluate plasma density in an interference switch during the extraction of a nanosecond output pulse from a high-power microwave compressor. The compressor represents a resonant cavity connected to an H-plane waveguide tee with a shorted side arm filled with helium at a pressure of ; the plasma discharge in the tee side arm is triggered by a Surelite laser. A nanosecond-scale dynamics of the plasma density is obtained by analyzing the shape of the helium spectral lines. The analysis of the experimental data evidences a correlation between the rise time of the plasma density and the peak power of the microwave output pulse. Numerical simulations of the microwave energy release from the cavity with the appearance of the plasma yield results in good agreement with the measured output pulse peak power and waveform.
SSVEP-based BCI for manipulating three-dimensional contents and devices

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) studies have been done to help people manipulate electronic devices in a 2D space but less has been done for a vigorous 3D environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of applying Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) to a 3D LCD display. Eight subjects (4 females) ranging in age between 20 to 26 years old participated in the experiment. They performed simple navigation tasks on a simple 2D space and virtual environment with/without 3D flickers generated by a Flim-Type Patterned Retarder (FPR). The experiments were conducted in a counterbalanced order. The results showed that 3D stimuli enhanced BCI performance, but no significant effects were found due to the small number of subjects. Visual fatigue that might be evoked by 3D stimuli was negligible in this study. The proposed SSVEP BCI combined with 3D flickers can allow people to control home appliances and other equipment such as wheelchairs, prosthetics, and orthotics without encountering dangerous situations that may happen when using BCIs in real world. 3D stimuli-based SSVEP BCI would motivate people to use 3D displays and vitalize the 3D related industry due to its entertainment value and high performance.