Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new species of collared frog (Amphibia: anura: Aromobatidae: mannophryne) from the Andes of Trujillo State, Venezuela

Una nueva especie de rana con collar (Amphibia: Anura: Aromobatidae: Mannophryne) de los Andes del Estado Trujillo, Venezuela Describimos una nueva especie de rana Mannophryne, proveniente del Estado Trujillo, Andes de Venezuela, que constituye la primera especie descrita en el genero proveniente de esta entidad politica. Este nuevo taxon se distingue de sus congeneres por la siguiente combinacion de atributos: tamano pequeno (SVL machos 20.1-23.1 mm, hembras 23.3-27.5 mm); timpano alrededor de ½ de la longitud horizontal del ojo; primer dedo casi igual o ligeramente mas corto que el segundo; dedos de la mano con rebordes membranosos gruesos; pliegue tarsiano conspicuo; formula de membrana del pie: I1.0–0.5II1.0–1.0III1. 5–0.5IV0. 5–2.0V; dedos de los pies con flecos laterales; una corta banda clara inguinal oblicua; collar solido y moderadamente ancho, con manchitas claras; banda ventrolateral ausente. Proveemos datos de coloracion de ejemplares en la serie tipo en vida y en preservativo, asi como una descripcion del renacuajo y datos ecologicos de la especie. Palabras claves: Mannophryne, Amphibia, Anura, Venezuela, Andes, taxonomia, historia natural, conservacion. Abstract A new species of collared frog (Amphibia: anura: Aromobatidae: mannophryne) from the Andes of Trujillo State, Venezuela We describe a new species of Mannophryne frog, coming from Trujillo State, in the Venezuelan Andes, which constitutes the first species of the genus described from that political unit. This new taxon is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: small size (SVL males 20.1-23.1 mm, females 23.3-27.5 mm); tympanum about ½ the horizontal length of eye; first finger almost equal, or slightly shorter than second; fingers with thick lateral fringes; tarsal fold conspicuous; foot-web formula: I1.0–0.5II1.0–1.0III1. 5–0.5IV0. 5–2.0V; toes with lateral flaps; short oblique pale inguinal band; collar moderately wide, solid, with small pale blotches; ventrolateral band absent. We provide data on coloration, in life and in preservative, of specimens of the type series, as well as a description of the larvae and ecological data for the species. Key words : Mannophryne, Amphibia, Anura, Venezuela, Andes, taxonomy, natural history, conservation.
Cultural tourism: a neglected dimension of tourism industry

The aim of this paper is to highlight the cultural aspects of a country as a Mediterranean island (North Cyprus) where tourism is the main economic sector. Cultural products are drawing significant attention as interest in experiencing and learning about different cultures has grown widespread among tourists today. The assumption is that if tourism policy makers are not clearly defining their cultural values, along with appropriate strategies to restore their authenticity, it is likely that most of the cultural uniqueness will be underutilized and eventually lost. A qualitative research strategy has been employed and an in-depth semi-structured set of interview questions were administered to the informants in numerous culturally involved institutions. The study revealed that, notwithstanding the rich cultural assets and abundance of heritage, North Cyprus has not been able to develop a clear strategy towards cultural and heritage planning for the purpose of tourists' consumption.
RARPL6: Development of A Clinical Dataset for Surgical Workflow Recognition from Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy with Lymphadenectomy

Surgical workflow recognition has attracted widespread attention in robot-assisted surgery since it can provide surgical context information automatically, which releases the cognitive burden of the surgeons and allows more appropriate surgical decisions. One major dilemma in this community is the limitation of clinical datasets with annotated ground truth, because it requires experienced surgeons to provide specific recognition information during the annotation progress. In this paper, we developed a clinical dataset with annotated workflow information, and we provided a potential baseline for the evaluation of this dataset by predicting different surgical steps. Specifically, our dataset was captured from the robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with lymphadenectomy performed on six patients, using the da Vinci Xi robot at European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, and all annotated outputs concerning various surgical information were obtained under the supervision of an experienced surgeon. Furthermore, an advanced neural network was adopted to predict surgical steps based on this dataset by using two different training strategies (i.e., the entire dataset and the downsampled one for the balance of class), and it presented a potential baseline (0.7825 DICE and 0.7918 DICE, respectively). It is expected that this dataset could promote the development of surgical workflow recognition in the medical image community, and this dataset is now accessible at the link: https://zenodo.org/record/7644037.
The role and variability of ocean heat content in the Arctic Ocean: 1948–2009

Abstract : The observed rate of sea ice cover decline in the Arctic for the past decades is faster than those projected by the recent Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). I hypothesize that a critical source of energy in the Arctic Ocean, heat content accumulating below the surface mixed layer and above the halocline, has been increasing in magnitude and area, and may be contributing to the recent decline in the ice cover. Consistent with observations, model results from a subset of the Regional Arctic System Model (RASM) indicate that heat has been stored between the mixed layer and the halocline, and that it has increased during the period of 1948 to 2009. Ongoing analyses show that the total amount and rate of increase of heat content has been largest in the western Arctic, and there is a causal relationship between the accumulation of heat content and the reduction of sea ice volume. Future studies involving new observations of physical processes and feedbacks in the western Arctic Ocean, and higher resolution and coupled climate models with improved representation of such processes and feedbacks are needed to advance understanding, realistic modeling, and improved prediction of the Arctic System and its variability and change.
La influència del bosc de ribera en la comunitat d'ocells del congost del riu Ter (gironès): aspectes de riquesa i estacionalitat

The aim of this study was to test if habitat type has a significant effect on the ecologic parameters of a bird community in a gorge of the River Ter (el Girones, Catalonia). It has been shown that riparian areas contain more diversity and richness of birds than other habitats, primarily due to the intrinsic diversity of microhabitats of these areas, the high productivity of these ecosystems and the use of the river as an ecologic corridor. Seasonality has also been tested, showing that observations of different species follow a seasonal pattern and that richness is greater during spring and winter and lower during summer and autumn. This is attributable to the effects of prenuptial migration and the higher detectability of birds during the mentioned seasons.
Spatial and Temporal Operation of the Scotia Sea Ecosystem

Analysis of the operation of ocean ecosystems requires an understanding of how the structure of the ecosystem is determined by interactions between physical, chemical and biological processes. Such analysis needs to consider the interactions across a wide range of spatial (approx. 10 m–10,000 km) and temporal (minutes to centuries) scales and trophic levels (primary producers to top predators) (Angel, 1994; Murphy et al., 1988;Werner et al., 2003). There are, however, few areas of the global ocean where there is sufficient knowledge to achieve such an integrated analysis (deYoung et al., 2004). Circulation patterns of the major ocean gyres, such as the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, involve movement of water masses through very different climatic regimes which favour distinctly different groups of organisms (Longhurst, 1998). Generating comprehensive views of the operation of oceanic ecosystems is complicated as a result of such heterogeneity in species distribution and ecosystem structure (Levin, 1990; Longhurst, 1998; Murphy et al., 1988). In contrast to other
Improving prescribing practices with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs): synthesis of 10 studies to explore reasons for variation in malaria RDT uptake and adherence

Objectives The overuse of antimalarial drugs is widespread. Effective methods to improve prescribing practice remain unclear. We evaluated the impact of 10 interventions that introduced rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (mRDTs) on the use of tests and adherence to results in different contexts. Design A comparative case study approach, analysing variation in outcomes across different settings. Setting Studies from the ACT Consortium evaluating mRDTs with a range of supporting interventions in 6 malaria endemic countries. Providers were governmental or non-governmental healthcare workers, private retail sector workers or community volunteers. Each study arm in a distinct setting was considered a case. Participants 28 cases from 10 studies were included, representing 148 461 patients seeking care for suspected malaria. Interventions The interventions included different mRDT training packages, supervision, supplies and community sensitisation. Outcome measures Analysis explored variation in: (1) uptake of mRDTs (% febrile patients tested); (2) provider adherence to positive mRDTs (% Plasmodium falciparum positive prescribed/given Artemisinin Combination Treatment); (3) provider adherence to negative mRDTs (% P. falciparum negative not prescribed/given antimalarial). Results Outcomes varied widely across cases: 12–100% mRDT uptake; 44–98% adherence to positive mRDTs; 27–100% adherence to negative mRDTs. Providers appeared more motivated to perform well when mRDTs and intervention characteristics fitted with their own priorities. Goodness of fit of mRDTs with existing consultation and diagnostic practices appeared crucial to maximising the impact of mRDTs on care, as did prior familiarity with malaria testing; adequate human resources and supplies; possible alternative treatments for mRDT-negative patients; a more directive intervention approach and local preferences for ACTs. Conclusions Basic training and resources are essential but insufficient to maximise the potential of mRDTs in many contexts. Programme design should respond to assessments of provider priorities, expectations and capacities. As mRDTs become established, the intensity of supporting interventions required seems likely to reduce.
Keeping It Living: Traditions of Plant Use and Cultivation on the Northwest Coast of North America

The European explorers who first visited the Northwest Coast of North America assumed that the entire region was virtually untouched wilderness whose occupants used the land only minimally, hunting and gathering shoots, roots, and berries that were peripheral to a diet and culture focused on salmon. Colonizers who followed the explorers used these claims to justify the displacement of Native groups from their lands. Scholars now understand, however, that Northwest Coast peoples were actively cultivating plants well before their first contact with Europeans. This book is the first comprehensive overview of how Northwest Coast Native Americans managed the landscape and cared for the plant communities on which they depended. Bringing together some of the world's most prominent specialists on Northwest Coast cultures, Keeping It Living tells the story of traditional plant cultivation practices found from the Oregon coast to Southeast Alaska. It explores tobacco gardens among the Haida and Tlingit, managed camas plots among the Coast Salish of Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia, estuarine root gardens along the central coast of British Columbia, wapato maintenance on the Columbia and Fraser Rivers, and tended berry plots up and down the entire coast. With contributions from ethnobotanists, archaeologists, anthropologists, geographers, ecologists, and Native American scholars and elders, Keeping It Living documents practices, many unknown to European peoples, that involve manipulating plants as well as their environments in ways that enhanced culturally preferred plants and plant communities. It describes how indigenous peoples of this region used and cared for over 300 different species of plants, from the lofty red cedar to diminutive plants of backwater bogs.
Expanding the DNA editing toolbox: Novel lambda integrase variants targeting microalgal and human genome sequences

Recombinase enzymes are extremely efficient at integrating very large DNA fragments into target genomes. However, intrinsic sequence specificities curtail their use to DNA sequences with sufficient homology to endogenous target motifs. Extensive engineering is therefore required to broaden applicability and robustness. Here, we describe the directed evolution of novel lambda integrase variants capable of editing exogenous target sequences identified in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the algae Nannochloropsis oceanica. These microorganisms hold great promise as conduits for green biomanufacturing and carbon sequestration. The evolved enzyme variants show >1000-fold switch in specificity towards the non-natural target sites when assayed in vitro. A single-copy target motif in the human genome with homology to the Nannochloropsis oceanica site can also be efficiently targeted using an engineered integrase, both in vitro and in human cells. The developed integrase variants represent useful additions to the DNA editing toolbox, with particular application for targeted genomic insertion of large DNA cargos.
An infant ornithopod dinosaur tibia from the Late Cretaceous of Sebeş, Romania

Introduction Since 2010 the Transylvanian Museum Society (Cluj-Napoca, Romania), the “Ioan Raica” Municipal Museum (Sebes, Romania), the University of Bucharest (Romania), the American Museum of Natural History (New York, USA), and the University of Southampton (UK) have collaborated on a project focused on the vertebrate paleontology and geology of the Late Cretaceous of the Sebes region of Romania. The aim of this project is to better understand the peculiar dinosaurbearing faunas of the European terminal Cretaceous, which included bizarre dwarfed and late-surviving relict species that inhabited an ancient island archipelago.1 The most notable result of our project thus far has been the discovery of the aberrant new dromaeosaurid theropod Balaur bondoc, a close relative of the iconic Central Asian Velociraptor mongoliensis. The type specimen of B. bondoc was discovered by M. Vremir, described by our joint Cluj-Bucharest-New York team in 2010,2 and later monographed by our group.3 Here we describe a fragmentary, but intriguing, new specimen collected during fieldwork in 2011: the tibia of a small ornithopod dinosaur that may have been less than one year old at the time of death.
Accessibility between Entangled States

Entanglement, a weird quantum correlation between separate physical systems, is an indispensable resource for quantum information processing. As with other physical resources, the key to understanding its full potential is to quantify it. In this paper, I review our recent insights into the quantification of entanglement based on the operational notion of accessibility between physical states. In particular, I show that the partially ordered structure of mixed entangled states underlies the non-uniqueness of their entanglement measure.
ISAR Motion Compensation using the Registration-Restoration-Fusion Method

Abstract : A new method is developed to perform target translational and rotational motion compensation for ISAR imaging. The method is based on a registration-restoration- fusion technique. This technique provides an efficient method to resolve the image smearing caused by the time-varying behavior of the target scattering centers and leads to a well-focused ISAR image. The basic idea is to use the nearest neighbor method to obtain control points and estimate motion parameters from two or more candidate images. The registration processes use these estimated motion parameters to remove both translational and rotational motion. The restoration process may be used to eliminate the blur that is induced by the registration process. Furthermore, the fusion of two registered images before or after restoration processing could be used to generate the focused ISAR image. This proposed method has been successfully applied to both experimental and simulated ISAR data.
Geomorphic signatures of deltaic processes and vegetation: The Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Jamuna case study

Deltas are complex ecogeomorphic systems where features such as channels and interchannel islands are present over a wide range of spatial scales. A quantitative description of the morphology of deltas is fundamental to address how they react to changes in climate forcing and human pressure. In particular, it is interesting to ask how the distributary patterns we observe in coastal areas around the world result from processes and external forcing acting on deltas, and how such patterns might be related to deltaic function, vulnerability, and resilience. Using the example of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Jamuna Delta, we show that the statistics of island size, shape factor, aspect ratio, and nearest‐edge distance show distinct spatial patterns. Comparison between regions identified by our statistical analysis and a physiographic zonation of the delta suggests that the planform extracted from satellite imagery carries the signature of processes responsible for delta formation and evolution and of vegetation. The tidal region is characterized by high channel density, small islands, and short nearest‐edge distance (shortest straight‐line distance to the nearest water). The results suggest that regions of the delta characterized by presence of vegetation and active transport of water and sediment are statistically distinct from less active regions. Further, we perform a weighted connectivity analysis of the channel patterns based on channel width. The analysis suggests that channels connecting the upper portion of the delta to the coast do not play a significant role in the transport of water and sediment.
Environmental Management of Solid Waste: Dredged Material and Mine Tailings

The problems and questions mine tailings and dredged materials pose with regard to safe environmental deposition are similar: aquatic versus terrestrial disposal, revegetation, leaching of contaminants. Larger projects in the fields of both mine tailings reclamation and dredged material disposal are increasingly requiring a multidisciplinary team approach. A major part of mineral reserves are in less-developed countries with limited environmental controls. Such experience implies far-going demands from the host countries: (1) reclamation should be carried out, as far as possible, during the life of the mine; (2) technology to ameliorate long-term effects should be as self-supporting as possible; (3) simple, reliable, low-energy techniques for minimizing deleterious effects of mining should be developed. Separate abstracts are processed for 14 chapters in this book for inclusion in the appropriate data bases.
Distributed Hydrologic Modeling in Northwest Mexico Reveals the Links between Runoff Mechanisms a

AbstractA distributed hydrologic model is used to evaluate how runoff mechanisms—including infiltration excess (RI), saturation excess (RS), and groundwater exfiltration (RG)—influence the generation of streamflow and evapotranspiration (ET) in a mountainous region under the influence of the North American monsoon (NAM). The study site, the upper Sonora River basin (~9350 km2) in Mexico, is characterized by a wide range of terrain, soil, and ecosystem conditions obtained from best available data sources. Three meteorological scenarios are compared to explore the impact of spatial and temporal variations of meteorological characteristics on land surface processes and to identify the value of North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) forcing products in the NAM region. The following scenarios are considered for a 1-yr period: 1) a sparse network of ground-based stations, 2) raw forcing products from NLDAS, and 3) NLDAS products adjusted using available station data. These scenarios are discussed .
Vertical variation of oxygen isotope in Bay of Bengal and its relationships with water masses

[1] We present here, for the first time, comprehensive depth specific (near surface to 1800 m) oxygen isotope (δ18O) data set of 175 water samples collected from 22 different locations in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during July–August 2009 and December–January 2012–2013. The study is aimed to constrain the water mass parameters using oxygen isotope and salinity. Four water masses are identified on the basis of temperature-salinity relationship: (a) Bay of Bengal Water (BoBW; 0–50 m), (b) Mixed Zone (MZ; 60–120 m), (c) Indonesian Throughflow (ITF; 200–500 m), and (d) Indian Ocean Deep Water (IDW; 600–1800 m). Our study shows: (1) δ18O-salinity correlation (slope = 0.15 ± 0.01; intercept = −4.58 ± 0.24; r2 = 0.89; n = 54) for the BoBW is found to be consistent with surface BoB water reported earlier, (2) relatively lower correlation (r2 = 0.24; n = 47) in underlying mixed zone suggesting mixing of various water masses, (3) significant linear correlation between δ18O and salinity in IDW (r2 = 0.70) indicating depleted less saline water from southern hemisphere spread up to 18°N, and (4) vertical profiles at various sampling locations showing a continuous enrichment of δ18O (0.6–0.8‰) within top 60–100 m irrespective of their proximity to coastline. In conjunction with a sharp decrease in Δ14C data below the same depth zone (60–100 m) as reported earlier, we suggest the δ18O value reaches to its acme at a zone of mixing between younger BoBW and relatively older ITF. This preliminary study indicates oxygen isotope and salinity together can be used to identify different water masses in the BoB.
Subtropical‐polar jet interactions in Southern Plains dust storms

The origin of two separate Southern High Plains dust storms, which occurred over a 2 day period in February 2007, is traced to an interaction between the subtropical jet (STJ) and the polar jet (PJ). A large‐scale thermal wind imbalance resulting from the confluence of these two jets led to a series of mesoscale circulations that ultimately produced the dust storms. Understanding the connectivity between the dust storms with differing geometries is central to the present investigation. The study rests on the interpretation of analyses from upper air and surface observations complemented by imagery from satellites, the 32 km gridded data set from the North American Regional Reanalysis, and a fine‐resolution (6 km grid) simulation from the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Principal assertions from the present study are (1) scale interaction is fundamental to the creation of an environment conducive to dust storm development, (2) low to middle tropospheric mass adjustment is the primary response to a large‐scale imbalance, (3) the mesoscale mass adjustment is associated with circulations about a highly accelerative jet streak resulting from the merger of the PJ and STJ, (4) the structure of the jet streak resulting from this merger governs the evolution of the geometry of the dust plumes, with plumes that initially had a straight‐line orientation developing a semicircular geometry, and (5) it is concluded that improvements in dust storm prediction will depend on an augmentation to the upper air network in concert with a flow‐dependent data assimilation strategy.