Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Edinburgh Research Explorer Thermal limits of leaf metabolism across biomes

High-temperature tolerance in plants is important in a warming world, with extreme heat-waves predicted 33 to increase in frequency and duration, potentially leading to lethal heating of leaves. Global patterns of 34 high-temperature tolerance are documented in animals, but generally not plants, limiting our ability to 35 assess risks associated with climate warming. To assess whether there are global patterns in high- 36 temperature tolerance of leaf metabolism, we quantified T crit (high temperature where minimal 37 chlorophyll a fluorescence rises rapidly, and thus where photosystem II is disrupted) and T max 38 (temperature where leaf respiration in darkness is maximal, beyond which respiratory function rapidly 39 declines) in upper-canopy leaves of 218 plant species spanning seven biomes. Mean site-based T crit values 40 ranged from 41.5 °C in the Alaskan arctic to 50.8 °C in lowland tropical rainforests of Peruvian Amazon. 41 For T max , the equivalent values were 51.0 and 60.6 °C in the Arctic and Amazon, respectively. T crit and 42 T max followed similar biogeographic patterns, increasing linearly ( ~ 8 °C) from polar to equatorial regions. 43 Such increases in high temperature tolerance are much less than expected based on the 20 °C span in 44 high temperature extremes across the globe. Moreover, with only modest high-temperature tolerance 45 despite high summer temperature extremes, species in mid-latitude (~20°-50°) regions have the 46 narrowest thermal safety margins in upper-canopy leaves; these regions are at the greatest risk of damage 47 due to extreme heat-wave events, especially under conditions when leaf temperatures are further elevated 48 by a lack of transpirational cooling. Using predicted heat-wave events for 2050 and accounting for 49 possible thermal acclimation of T crit and T max , we also found that these safety margins could shrink in a 50 warmer world, as rising temperatures are likely to exceed thermal tolerance limits. Thus, increasing 51 numbers of species in many biomes may be at risk as heat-wave events become more severe with climate 52 change.
Title: Excess mortality and guideline-indicated care following non ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Background Adherence to guideline-indicated care for the treatment of non ST–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is associated with improved outcomes. We investigated the extent and consequences of non–adherence to guideline-indicated care across a national health system. Methods using data from the Myocardial Ischaemia Accelerated failure time models were used to quantify the impact of non-adherence on survival according to dates of guideline publication. Conclusion The majority of patients hospitalised with NSTEMI missed at least one guideline-indicated intervention for which they were eligible. This was significantly associated with excess mortality. Greater attention to the provision of guideline-indicated care for the management of NSTEMI will reduce premature cardiovascular deaths.
Mg Alloy Surface Treatment Mg Alloy Surface Treatment

Before the surface treatment of magnesium alloy, it is necessary to consider the degree of electrical resistance, the apparent surface condition, and the degree of corrosion resistance, so that the most appropriate method could be used for the surface to be treated. Magnesium alloy also follows the basic rule of metal, and the best method is to process after mechanical and chemical cleaning.
Robottiniskan tekeminen servoilla näytöllä

Robots are used to help people in various tasks, and as robotics becomes more common, humans and robots are constantly interacting more. Robotics comprises of three fields: artificial intelligence, sensors and motorics. When developing robotics, it is essential to keep these fields in mind. The head of the robot is especially important, since humans have a natural tendency to focus on faces. In this project we created a head for a chess playing robot. The head comprises of a neck with two joints and microcomputer and a monitor attached to the neck. It was necessary for the neck that it would be able to turn, as if to look around, and spot possible opponents and the chess board. The frame was 3D-modelled and laser-cut. The joints were Dynamixel XL430-250 servos. Raspberry Pi doubled as the face and the microcontroller. The control of the servos was done with Robot Operating System, or ROS, which we created a module for. The module can communicate with other compatible modules and changing its state accordingly. With further development the neck could be improved for example with different structural solutions, more detailed and robust servo control, and a more complex and expressive face.
Two dimensional patterns in domains with dynamics

We derive from ﬁrst principles a general model to describe the spatio-temporal dynamics of two morphogens. The diﬀusive part of the model incorporates the dynamics, growth and curvature of two-dimensional domains embedded in R 3 . Our generalized diﬀusion process in-cludes spatio-temporal varying diﬀusion coeﬃcients, ad-vection and dilution terms. We present speciﬁc examples by analyzing a third order activator-inhibitor mechanism for the kinetic part. We carry out illustrative numerical simulations on two types of growing cones.
of Birmingham Modulation of cerebellar excitability by polarity-specific noninvasive direct current stimulation

The cerebellum is a crucial structure involved in movement control and cognitive processing. Noninvasive stimulation of the cerebellum resultsinneurophysiologicalandbehavioralchanges,aneffectthathasbeenattributedtomodulationofcerebello–brainconnectivity.Atrest,thecerebellumexertsanoverallinhibitorytoneovertheprimarymotorcortex(M1),cerebello–braininhibition(CBI),likelythroughdentate–thalamo–corticalconnections.Thelevelofexcitabilityofthispathwaybeforeandafterstimulationofthecerebellum,however,hasnotbeendirectlyinvestigated.Inthisstudy,weusedtranscranialmagneticstimulationtodeterminechangesinM1,brainstem,andCBIbeforeandafter25minofanodal,cathodal,orshamtranscranialdirectcurrentstimulation(tDCS)appliedovertherightcerebellarcortex.WehypothesizedthatanodaltDCSwouldresultinanenhancementofCBIandcathodalwoulddecreaseit,relativetoshamstimulation.WefoundthatcathodaltDCSresultedinacleardecreaseofCBI,whereasanodaltDCSincreasedit,intheabsenceofchangesaftershamstimulation.Theseeffectswerespecifictothecerebello–corticalconnectionswithnochangesinotherM1orbrainstemexcitabilitymeasures.ThecathodaleffectonCBIwasfoundtobedependentonstimulationintensityandlastedupto30minafterthecessationoftDCS. TheseresultssuggestthattDCScanmodulateinafocalandpolarity-specificmannercerebellarexcitability,likelythroughchangesinPurkinjecellactivity.Therefore,directcurrentstimulationofthecerebellummayhavesignificantpotentialimpli-cationsforpatientswithcerebellardysfunctionaswellastomotorcontrolstudies.
GENETIC AND PHENOTYPIC EVOLUTION OF BREAST CANCER THROUGH YEARS OF TREATMENT by

Acquired drug resistance is a frequent challenge in breast cancer. A tumor may initially respond to chemotherapy, but later become resistant and relapse. This is largely due to intra-tumoral heterogeneity; tumor genetic subclones with higher fitness in response to chemotherapy survive, and the patient’s cancer becomes drug-resistant. In additional, non-genetic phenotypic alterations in response to chemotherapy may promote drug resistance. How breast cancers evolve to become drug-resistant is unclear. A better understanding of how this occurs could lead to alternative therapeutic regimens to treat drug-resistant breast cancer or prevent its development. To address this problem, we performed genomic and phenotypic analysis of four breast cancers through 2 to 15 years of diverse treatments, using a unique set of longitudinal samples from these patients. This revealed genetic events likely leading to drug resistance, including acquisition of BRCA2 reversions and ABCB1 fusions. Further, cancer phenotypes evolved dramatically after treatment, including increased post-treatment mesenchymal, receptor tyrosine kinase, and immune avoidance gene expression profiles. In one patient, treatment of cultured patient cells with drugs targeting the receptor tyrosine kinase phenotype was more effective in post-treatment, receptor tyrosine kinase-high cells compared to the pre-treatment cells. Thus, we have identified both mutations and phenotypes that may promote breast cancer drug resistance, some of which may be targeted to treat drug-resistant cancers.
Evaluation of Ramp Metering Impacts on Travel Time Reliability and Traffic Operations through Simulation

Ramp metering has been found to improve traffic conditions on the freeway mainline by breaking the platoons of ramp vehicles minimizing turbulence at the merge locations. The majority of the ramp metering evaluation studies have examined traffic performance under specific demand conditions, whereas travel time reliability and variability aspects have not been adequately addressed. This paper focuses on evaluating two well-known ramp metering algorithms in terms of travel time reliability as well as other performance measures such as queue lengths, throughput, and congestion duration, looking at a wide range of traffic demands throughout a calendar year. The evaluation was done through simulating an 8-mile corridor in Kansas City, KS. The results showed localized improvements due to ramp metering at the northern section of the facility, in terms of travel time reliability, throughput, and congestion duration. It was also shown that ramp metering may cause a new (possibly “hidden”) bottleneck to occur downstream, thus diluting its overall benefits when looking at an entire freeway facility. It is further noted that although ALINEA performed better than HERO on the mainline, traffic operations on the on-ramps significantly deteriorated using isolated control.
Improved Network Navigability and Service Search in Social Internet of Things (SIoT)

: The Internet of Things is populated by huge number of objects requiring extreme heterogeneous communication solutions. The Paradigm of combining Social Networks into the Internet of Things has led to what is known as Social Internet of Things (SIoT). Though very little research has been done in SIoT, this area has opened numerous applications possible such as smart city, intelligent transportation and Smart grids. This paper introduces the Social Internet of Things and addresses strategies for network navigability. The basic network properties like average path length, clustering coefficient and average degree of connections are analyzed for analyzing the overall network navigability. The experimental results shows that the SIoT network is navigable how much ever huge the network is.
1 Title : Tristetraprolin represses estrogen receptor alpha transactivation in breast cancer cells . Running Title : Tristetraprolin is a novel ERα corepressor

The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mediates the effects of 17βestradiol (E2) in normal mammary gland and it is a key participant in breast cancer tumor development. ERα transactivation activity is mediated by the synergistic interaction of two domains designated AF1 and AF2. The function of AF2 is to recruit coactivator and corepressor proteins that allow ERα to oscillate between the roles of transcriptional activator and repressor. In contrast, the mechanism responsible for AF-1 transcriptional activity is not completely understood. In this study we identified tristetraproline (TTP) as a novel ERα associated protein. TTP expression in MCF7 cells repressed ERα-transactivation, reduced MCF7 cell proliferation and their ability to form tumors in a mouse model. We show that TTP transcriptional activity is mediated through its recruitment to the promoter region of ERα target genes and its interaction with histone deacetylases, in particular with HDAC1. TTP expression attenuates the coactivating activity of SRC-1 suggesting that exchange between TTP and other coactivators may play an important role in fine-tunning ERa transactivation. These results indicate that TTP acts as a bona-fide ERα corepressor and suggest that this protein may be a contributing factor in the development of E2-dependent tumors in breast cancer.
FOOD MARKETS OF CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTS: A CHARACTERIZATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING FOOD

The developments of the last 3 years have had consequences for the economy and markets in Europe. Climate change, growth slowdown and the impact of the Covid–19 pandemics have been some of the main factors for the increase of basic prices and with consequences in the distribution– consumption networks in the functioning of the conventional food markets and food choice in Albania. These developments can affect in a variety of economic, social, institutional, psychological factors, by causing potential consequences to food choice. The research literature considers food choice as ‘complex’, ‘dimensional’, ‘multifaced’, ‘situational’ and authors support the impact of variables under review. The objective of the study is to test the potential impact of several variables, such as education, employment, income, experience — expressed by negative experiences, packing, trust in retailer, price preference and food safety to food choice of conventional agricultural products (vegetables), according to an observation in the retail–food–markets of the city of Tirana, Albania. The results of the statistical model used shows that education, employment, negative experience, packing and price preference, different from how they are hypothesized have no impact to food choice, while income, trust in retailer and food safety have a high (up to very high) impact on food choice. The findings are important to understand the multidimensional nature of food choice, the most influential factors and their characterizations, suggesting adjustments that improve the functioning of conventional food markets.
Distinctive Proﬁles of Infection and Pathology in Hamsters Infected with Clostridium difﬁcile Strains 630 and B1 (cid:1)

Currently, the Golden Syrian hamster is widely considered an important model of Clostridium difﬁcile disease, as oral infection of this animal pretreated with antibiotics reproduces many of the symptoms observed in humans. Two C. difﬁcile strains, B1 and 630, showed signiﬁcant differences in the progression and severity of disease in this model. B1-infected hamsters exhibited more severe pathology and a shorter time to death than hamsters infected with 630. Histological changes in the gut did not correlate with absolute numbers of C. difﬁcile bacteria, but there were clear differences in the distribution of bacteria within gut tissues. Light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy revealed high numbers of B1 bacteria at the mucosal surface of the tissue, whereas 630 bacteria were more frequently associated with the crypt regions. Both B1 and 630 bacteria were frequently observed within polymorphonuclear leukocytes, although, interestingly, a space frequently separated B1 bacteria from the phagosome wall, a phenomenon not observed with 630. However, pilus-like structures
THE EFFECT OF IFN-RELATED HCV REPLICATION OBSTRUCTION ON THE HEPATIC RNA ARTICULATION ASSOCIATED WITH IFN DEVELOPMENT

: Aim: To gather information on the effect of IFN-related HCV replication obstruction on the hepatic RNA articulation associated with IFN development. Methods: Relative mRNA articulation of TLR3/RIG-I flagging properties of IFN-β is consistent with positive-and negative-strand HCV RNAs in the pretreatment of liver tissues receptive and non-responsive to peginterferon and ribavirin for on-going hepatitis C genotype 1. Our current research was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from March 2019 to February 2020. Treatment reactions were broken down by consensus at weeks 12 (n = 45) and 24 (n = 40) and 24 weeks after treatment (n = 38). Results. HCV replication did not provide a connection to the TLR3, RIG-I, TRIF, IPS-1, IRF3 and IFN-β mRNAs in the responders. In striking differentiation, positive-as well as negative-strand HCV revealed positive associations with TLR3, RIG-I, TRIF, IPS-1 and IRF3 mRNAs in week-12 non-response; with RIG-I, TRIF, IPS-1 and IRF3 mRNAs in week-24 non-response; and with TLR3, RIG-I and IRF3 mRNAs in post-treatment non-response. Thus the mRNA articulation of the TLR3/RIG-I flagging properties was applied comparable to viral replication in non-responses. Conclusions. The discoveries in IFN non responders may infer a host input reaction to extreme hindrance of the IFN framework related with HCV replication.
Proof of the Simon-Ando Theorem

In 1961, Simon and Ando wrote a classical paper describing the convergence properties of nearly completely decomposable matrices. Basically, their work concerned a partitioned stochastic matrix e.g. where A 1 and A 2 are square blocks whose entries are all larger than those of E 1 and E 2 respectively. Setting partitioned as in A , they observed that for some, rather short, initial sequence of iterates the main diagonal blocks tended to matrices all of whose rows are identical, e.g. A ( k ) 1 to F 1 and A ( k ) 2 to F 2 . After this initial sequence, subsequent iterations showed that all blocks lying in the same column as those matrices tended to a scalar multiple of them, e.g. where (cid:11) (cid:21) 0 and (cid:12) (cid:21) 0. The purpose of this paper is to give a qualitative proof of the Simon-Ando theorem.
The Biology of Malaria Gametocytes The Biology of Malaria Gametocytes

Gametocytes are sexual precursor cells of the malaria parasite that mediate the transmission of the parasite from its mammalian host to the Anopheles mosquito. Unlike the asexual blood stages, which are responsible for the clinical outcome of malaria, gametocytes cause no clinical manifestations. However, they are very crucial for the transmission of the disease thus represent key targets for transmission-blocking interventions. Despite their essential role in malaria transmission, only in the last decade gametocytes became a hot topic of research and their biology is not well understood. This chapter provides a detailed review on the biology of the human malaria gametocytes with emphasis on aspects such as gametocyte commitment, gametocyte matura- tion (gametocytogenesis), gametocyte metabolism and gametogenesis. Proper understanding of these processes will deepen our knowledge on the gametocyte biology and therefore open up more avenues for the development of malaria transmission-blocking intervention strategies. ap2-g gametocyte gametocyte cultivation, isolation
Comparison of Pharmacological Activities of Three Distinct (cid:1) Ligands (Salvinorin A, TRK-820 and 3FLB) on (cid:1) Opioid Receptors in Vitro and Their Antipruritic and Antinociceptive Activities in Vivo

Salvinorin A, TRK-820 (17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14 (cid:2) -dihydroxy-4,5 (cid:3) -epoxy-6 (cid:2) -[ N -methyl- trans -3-(3-furyl) acrylamido]morphinan hydro-chloride), and 3FLB (diethyl 2,4-di-[3-fluorophenyl]-3,7-dimethyl-3,7- diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-9-one-1,5-dicarboxylate) are structurally distinctly different from U50,488H [( trans )-3,4-dichloro- N -methyl- N - [2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide methanesulfonate], the prototypic selective (cid:1) agonist. Here, we investigated their in vitro pharmacological activities on receptors expressed (cid:5) opioid respectively, and no significant affinity for the N/OFQ receptor. higher selectivity of TRK-820 for the (cid:1) over the (cid:4) and (cid:5) opioid receptors those of Seki et al. (1999), who demonstrated 15- and 340-fold selectivity, respectively. the K i value of TRK-820 for the (cid:1) opioid receptor was 3.5 nM in the Seki et al. is about 50-fold higher the K i value in our competitive that Seki et al.
A New Isoform of the Laminin Receptor Integrin a781 Is Developmentally Regulated in Skeletal Muscle*

Within the integrin family, there are two groups of receptors that bind laminin. One of these groups com-prises the heterodimers a381, a6@1, and a781, all of which bind the E8 fragment of laminin, and whose a subunits show significant homology at the amino acid sequence level. a3 and a6 exist as isoforms with distinct cytoplasmic domains (termed A and B), suggest- ing that they may couple laminin adhesion to distinct cellular responses. We report the identification of a new a7 mRNA which encodes an a7 protein isoform with an alternative cytoplasmic domain. Based on ho- mology with a3 and a6 isoforms, this new isoform is classified as a7A and the previously published one as a7B. This result extends the similarity between a3, a6, and a7 laminin receptor subunits and suggests a com- mon ancestral gene. The
Future Directions for What We Eat in America–NHANES: The Integrated CSFII-NHANES Food and Dietary Supplement Databases for What We Eat in America–NHANES 1

Relative strengths and potential approaches for improvement of food and dietary supplement databases used for tabulating intakes from the dietary component of the What We Eat in America–National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) are discussed. The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Nutrient Data Laboratory develops and maintains the Nutrient Databank System (NDBS) and many nutrient-speciﬁc and population-speciﬁc databases. NDBS contains data for (cid:1) 8000 foods and (cid:1) 115 components; tables for compounds of special interest are also available. Nutrient databases need constant revision because of a constantly changing food supply. The completeness of analytical data varies from nutrient to nutrient. The National Center for Health Statistics developed and maintains a database of dietary supplements based on label information. To date, no veriﬁcation of ingredients has been undertaken. The development of a dietary supplement database containing analytical values would require extensive resources but would be valuable. Databases for vitamin and mineral supplements are compatible with food databases. Databases for botanicals and other supplements include nonnutrient constituents that may not be documented in food composition databases. Gaps in food and dietary supplement composition data exist because of limited resources, changing availability of foods and products and the advent of new compounds of health interest. More data are needed on nutrients and other bioactive constituents in foods and dietary supplements. Analytical methods do not exist for all ingredients or active constituents in foods and dietary supplements. Research needs for further development of meaningful food and dietary supplement databases are similar. J. Nutr.