Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subsidy as An Economic Instrument for Environmental Protection: A Case of Global Fertilizer Use

Fertilizer subsidies may constitute a key economic tool with which to provide food for the growing population. Therefore, this work aimed to (i) assess the effectiveness of subsidized chemical (NPK) fertilizer use in food production by comparing the crop output between developed and developing regions and (ii) examine the benefits of organic fertilizer and the need for its use in developing regions such as Africa. Secondary data from 2000 to 2019 on global subsidized fertilizer use, crop production, income, and other agro-environmental parameters, such as climate and soil, were collected from the international databases of the World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Forest Resources Assessment (FRA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and World Income Inequalities Database (WID), as well as countries’ national statistics. Data were analyzed using qualitative, quantitative, and geospatial software and techniques, such as SPSS, averages, multivariate analysis, and spatial analytical Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The results reveal that the total global fertilizer use continuously increased from 79 million tonnes in 2000 to 125 million tonnes in 2019. Subsidized fertilizer use and crop production increased with countries’ economic status. For example, countries or regions with more economic resources tended to have higher fertilizer subsidies. More than 95% of North American and European countries recorded the highest total chemical fertilizer use, ranging from 855,160 to 18,224,035 kg ha−1. In terms of organic fertilizer production, the percentage contribution in Africa relative to global production was only 2%, which was about 932,538 million tonnes below the production yield in North America. More organic fertilizer and less inorganic fertilizer should be encouraged instead of the total eradication of chemical fertilizers. This is especially applicable to developing countries, where food production is low due to poor soil and high food demand owing to a harsh environment and rapid population growth.
GNSS Precipitable Water Vapor Retrieval With the Aid of NWM Data for China

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become a powerful tool for sensing precipitable water vapor (PWV), which is important in investigating long‐term climate or nowcasting. Zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) and weighted mean temperature (Tm) are the two key parameters for retrieving PWV GNSS observations. ZHD is generally derived from the Saastamoinen model by using surface pressure or numerical weather model (NWM). However, the lack of meteorological observations located at or near the GNSS sites is a big challenge for the calculation of accurate ZHD, leading to inconvenience in GNSS‐derived PWV. In this study, a method for GNSS retrieval in China by using ZHD from the NWM and Tm derived from IGPT2w is proposed. First, a new grid model, namely CGZHD model, is developed for the vertical adjustment of ZHD in China. Then, two types of ZHD products derived from NWM data, that is, postprocessing and forecast ones, namely ZHD and ZHDFC, respectively. Finally, the performance of GNSS PWV estimation for 18 GNSS sites is evaluated with PWVs from collocated radiosonde sites for China. Results show that the CGZHD model has excellent performance against the GPT2w model and previous studies. ZHD and ZHDFC from NWM present high precision after vertical adjustment. In terms of GNSS PWV retrieval, two modes of GNSS PWV estimation results, that is, ZHD and ZHDFC obtained from postprocessing and forecast ones, respectively, show excellent performance in China. The proposed method does not require any in situ meteorological information as input and thus has potential applications for high‐precision and real‐time GNSS PWV retrieval in China.
Vietnamese International Students in Offshore Programs: Engagement in Intercultural Communicative Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity

ABSTRACT This mixed-methods explores the intercultural communicative competence (ICC) and intercultural sensitivity (IS) of Vietnamese international students who participated in offshore programmes. A group of 164 students were examined. The students studied abroad at several universities overseas, and then returned to their Vietnamese university as part of an offshore programme between a Vietnam university and partnered universities overseas. The quantitative and qualitative results altogether suggested there were relationships between three ICC constructs, with each construct valued by students differently. Our findings also showed the relationships between ICC and IS to some extent. Students located across three different continents placed importance on the five elements of IS. Although students most valued respect for cultural differences, their growth in IS seemed to contribute to their ICC levels.
Low-Profile Harmonic Transponder for IoT Applications

This paper proposes a novel single-layer, low-profile harmonic transponder to be integrated with the printable diodes based on Si particles. The introduced prototype consists of two bowtie dipoles that are directly matched to the harmonic generation element at a fundamental 2.45GHz frequency and also at the corresponding second harmonic 4.9GHz frequency. Therefore, the antennas and T-matching parts can be manufactured as separate inlays using a single layer-substrate. Besides the new prototype, the harmonic conversion loss (CL) is theoretically and experimentally investigated. In this regard, the equivalent circuit is driven and utilized to analyze the CL performance with variations in fundamental frequency and input power. The introduced transponder outperforms the state-of-the-art work from the printability, size, and CL point of views.
Pengaruh Kombinasi Tepung Sagu dan Tepung Udang Rebon terhadap Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Makaroni

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik dari makaroni tepung sagu yang difortifikasi dengan tepung udang rebon. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, dengan perlakuan tiga kombinasi antara tepung sagu dan tepung udang rebon yaitu MS0 (kontrol tanpa tepung udang rebon), MS1 (kombinasi 2:1) dan MS2 (kombinasi 1:1) diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Parameter yamg diuji yaitu mutu proksimat (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan kadar karbohidrat), daya serap air dan mutu organoleptik (rupa, tekstur, aroma, rasa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembuatan makaroni tepung sagu dengan penambahan tepung udang rebon berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai proksimat, daya serap air dan nilai organoleptik. Perlakuan terbaik adalah MS1 (kombinasi 2:1) memiliki karakteristik rupa dengan warna kuning cerah, aroma tidak amis udang, tekstur padat tidak keras, dan rasa gurih. Nilai kadar protein (19,67%) air (6,98%), lemak (4,13%), abu (2,57%), dan karbohidrat (by different) 65,65%. Serta secara keseluruhan parameter makaroni tepung sagu dengan perlakuan penambahan 50% tepung udang rebon memenuhi standar (SNI 01-3777-1995 No.45)
Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?

Abstract Members of the genus Paphiopedilum are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most Paphiopedilum species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, because it affects the sales and prices of flowers. However, the mechanism that regulates when Paphiopedilum species bloom is unclear. In the present study, floral bud initiation and development of P. micranthum (spring-flowering species with one flower per stalk), P. dianthum (autumn-flowering species with multiple flowers per stalk) and P. henryanum (autumn-flowering species with one flower per stalk) were investigated by morphological and anatomical methods. We divided Paphiopedilum floral bud differentiation into six phases: the initiation of differentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation and column primordium differentiation. We found that the timing of floral bud differentiation for the three species was synchronized when experiencing the same environment, while the period from initiation to flowering largely differed. In addition, initiation of floral bud differentiation in P. dianthum was earlier at a warmer environment. The difference in flowering time of three species was mainly caused by the duration of floral bud development, rather than the initiation time. The findings were of great significance for the cultivation and flowering regulation of Paphiopedilum species.
Lipoxygenase ‐ trypsin inhibitor activity axis induction in the host plants of muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer by feeding

The muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer bears great economic importance, producing golden yellow muga silk which is in global demand for both the textile and biomedical industries. The insect's larval stages are maintained in the field by farmers on its primary host plant Persea bombycina Kost in Assam located in the North‐East part (25.57 ° N, 93.25 ° E) of India. If continuous feeding by A. assamensis is inducing any direct defense in P. bombycina, the aspect is not yet questioned. We used the activity of lipoxygenases (LOX) and trypsin inhibitors as markers for determining defense responses in P. bombycina and Litsea monopetala Roxb, the two primary host plants of the silkworm due to insect feeding. The induction of anti‐herbivore trypsin inhibitor by insect feeding was examined by studying their effect on the midgut trypsin activity of A. assamensis larvae. This is the first report showing that the LOX‐ trypsin inhibitor axis is differentially activated in the two host plants and greater induction of the defense response is exhibited in P. bombycina, the most commercially used host plant in muga silkworm rearing.
Not the Same Everywhere: Comparing the Scope and Definition of User Experience between the Brazilian and International Communities

ABSTRACT The Human-Computer Interaction community worked over the last years on scoping and defining User Experience (UX). As reported in the literature, UX’s understanding changes according to the socio-cultural context and between professional positions, making a global consensus unattainable. Nevertheless, tracking and investigating the most accepted UX definitions and statements may be advantageous for visualizing multiple contexts’ needs. Such an investigation is still scarce and even more significant in developing countries since there are structural differences from developed countries in the software development industry that directly impact user research practices. To fill in this gap, we replicated in Brazil a survey distributed before, mostly among professionals from developed countries. We compared 252 responses from academics and practitioners and identified differences and similarities among Brazilian and international communities. The definitions of UX chosen by the academic and industrial domains explain differences in UX design and evaluation. When comparing Brazilians’ responses with previous studies, Brazilians give greater importance to qualitative measures and to different UX time spans.
SPECTRUM OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN

Objective: To describe the demographic, clinical, serological and radiological scores in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presenting in a tertiary hospital in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Rheumatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH), Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Feb 2019. Methodology: The study included 52 female patients with RA between the ages of 18 and 80 years. Data were obtained from FFH Rawalpindi's outpatient department. Demographic details, reference data, and serological status were recorded. The joints involved in the onset of the disease, joint deformities, clinical disease activity index (CDAI) and overall functional status were evaluated. Extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis have also been examined during a detailed physical examination. The patient's bone mineral density was calculated by the use of dual energy absorptiometry (DEXA scan). Radiological scores were evaluated using modified sharp score. Results: Mean age of the patient was 55.08 ± 8.79 and mean duration of disease 9 . 73 ± 7.54. The most common co-morbidity in rheumatoid arthritis patients was hypertension 20 (38.5%). Twenty four (11.7%) patients had osteoporosis. Wrist was the first joint involved in 17 (32.7%) patients. Ulnar deviation was the most common deformity in 12 (23.1%) patients. Sharp score for joint space narrowing was 61.09 ± 36.90 and sharp score joint erosions were 36.90 ± 42.41. Most common extra articular manifestation was anemia. Conclusion: Rheumatoid arthritis as a variable spectrum of disease with different manifestations. Patients had radiological damage as demonstrated by high sharp score even before starting.
Evaluation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash based geopolymer for stabilised recycled concrete aggregate as road material

This research investigates the possibility of using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) geopolymer to stabilise the strength of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in pavement applications. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and scanning electron microscope were studied in this research. The maximum dry unit weight of RCA-MSWI FA geopolymer specimens increased as MSWI FA replacement increased due to the filler effect of MSWI FA. For MSWI FA higher than 20, the maximum dry unit weight of samples decreased with MSWI FA replacement due to the lower specific gravity of MSWI FA. The optimum ingredient of RCA-MSWI FA geopolymer specimens is at optimum liquid content (OLC), RCA/MSWI FA of 90/100, and all sodium silicate (Na2SiO3)/sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratios which meet the 7-day UCS requirement of pavement base material for the low-volume road. There is one ingredient for the high-volume road: OLC, RCA/MSWI FA of 90/100, and Na2SiO3/NaOH of 60/40.
Lending Relationships and SMEs’ Productivity. Does Social Capital Matter?

Abstract This work investigates to what extent the relevance of close bank-firm ties is affected by the endowment of social capital characterising the environment in which enterprises operate. By estimating the link between the duration of lending relationships and Italian SMEs’ productivity, we empirically test whether there is complementarity or substitutability between credit relations and social capital. According to our results, the duration of lending relationships seems to be a positive and significant determinant of SMEs’ performance in less civic regions. Additionally, the influence of enduring lending relationships decreases as social capital increases, suggesting that social capital might act as a substitute for lending relationships.
Analysis of the Effects of Process Parameters on Start-Up Operation in Continuous Wet Granulation

Toward further implementation of continuous tablet manufacturing, one key issue is the time needed for start-up operation because it could lead to lower product yield and reduced economic performance. The behavior of the start-up operation is not well understood; moreover, the definition of the start-up time is still unclear. This work investigates the effects of process parameters on the start-up operation in continuous wet granulation, which is a critical unit operation in solid drug manufacturing. The profiles of torque and granule size distribution were monitored and measured for the first hour of operation, including the start-up phase. We analyzed the impact of process parameters based on design of experiments and performed an economic assessment to see the effects of the start-up operation. The torque profiles indicated that liquid-to-solid ratio and screw speed would affect the start-up operation, whereas different start-up behavior resulted in different granule size. Depending on the indicator used to define the start-up operation, the economic optimal point was significantly different. The results of this study stress that the start-up time differs according to the process parameters and used definition, e.g., indicators and criteria. This aspect should be considered for the further study and regulation of continuous manufacturing.
Factors of applying creative accounting and its impact on the quality of financial statements in Jordanian hotels, sustainable practices

ABSTRACT The study investigates the factors that influence creative appliances in Jordanian hotels, as well as sustainable practices and their financial impact. This study aims to assist hotel management in understanding the reasons for creative accounting and assessing the impact it has on the integrity of hotel financial statements. 345 chartered accountants were included in the research sample (auditors). Jordanian hotels use good creative accounts; in other words, the hotel's financial accounts are approved by auditors because data and financial statements are manipulated in accordance with accounting rules and standards. This article discusses each creative accounting technique that can be used in hotels, to demonstrate the potential of each creative accounting method in hotels, and to evaluate the impact of each creative accounting method on the quality of the financial statements. The researchers hoped that this study would shed some light on Jordan's hotel industry.
Expression of M2 Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Colorectal Cancer and Their Correlation with Lymph Node Metastasis

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignancies worldwide. M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are immunosuppressive cells that can promote tumor progression via inhibiting anti-tumor immunities. However, the significance and correlation of the two types of cells in colorectal cancer are still inconclusive. The purpose of this study is to detect the number of M2 macrophages and Tregs in colorectal cancer and lymph nodes and to explore the clinical and pathological significance of their existence.MethodsThe pathologic specimens and clinical data of 197 patients with Colorectal cancer after radical resection were collected. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of M2 macrophages and Tregs in colorectal cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, and lymph node tissues in each group.ResultsCompared with adjacent tissues and non-metastatic lymph node tissues, M2 macrophages and Tregs not only increased significantly in cancer tissues and metastatic lymph node tissues (P < 0.001), but also M2 macrophages in non-metastatic lymph node tissues adjacent to cancer tissues the number of phages expressed also increased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of cancer tissues and lymph nodes (P < 0.001). ConclusionM2 macrophages are involved in the formation of lymph node immunosuppressive environment and promote the development of CRC and lymph node metastasis together with Tregs. Upregulation of M2 macrophages and Tregs expression is a prognostic marker for monitoring the condition of colorectal cancer and judging the prognosis.
A fully matched dual stage CMOS power amplifier with integrated passive linearizer attaining 23 db gain, 40% PAE and 28 DBM OIP3

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new linearization technique known as the passive linearizer technique which does not affect the power added efficiency (PAE) while maintaining a power gain of more than 20 dB for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA). Design/methodology/approach The linearization mechanism is executed with an aid of a passive linearizer implemented at the gate of the main amplifier to minimize the effect of Cgs capacitance through the generation of opposite phase response at the main amplifier. The inductor-less output matching network presents an almost lossless output matching network which contributes to high gain, PAE and output power. The linearity performance is improved without the penalty of power consumption, power gain and stability. Findings With this topology, the PA delivers more than 20 dB gain for the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Band from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz with a supply headroom of 1.8 V. At the center frequency of 2.45 GHz, the PA exhibits a gain of 23.3 dB with corresponding peak PAE of 40.11% at a maximum output power of 14.3 dBm. At a maximum linear output power of 12.7 dBm, a PAE of 37.3% has been achieved with a peak third order intermodulation product of 28.04 dBm with a power consumption of 50.58 mW. This corresponds to ACLR of – 20 dBc, thus qualifying the PA to operate for BLE operation. Practical implications The proposed technique is able to boost up the efficiency and output power, as well as linearize the PA closer to 1 dB compression point. This reduces the trade-off between linear output power and PAE in CMOS PA design. Originality/value The proposed CMOS PA can be integrated comfortably to a BLE transmitter, allowing it to reduce the transceiver’s overall power consumption.
Twitter as research data Tools, costs, skill sets, and lessons learned

Abstract. Scholars increasingly use Twitter data to study the life sciences and politics. However, Twitter data collection tools often pose challenges for scholars who are unfamiliar with their operation. Equally important, although many tools indicate that they offer representative samples of the full Twitter archive, little is known about whether the samples are indeed representative of the targeted population of tweets. This article evaluates such tools in terms of costs, training, and data quality as a means to introduce Twitter data as a research tool. Further, using an analysis of COVID-19 and moral foundations theory as an example, we compared the distributions of moral discussions from two commonly used tools for accessing Twitter data (Twitter's standard APIs and third-party access) to the ground truth, the Twitter full archive. Our results highlight the importance of assessing the comparability of data sources to improve confidence in findings based on Twitter data. We also review the major new features of Twitter's API version 2.
An examination of department of defense environmental factors that contribute to reporting sexual harassment

ABSTRACT This study examined the influence of inclusion on the relationship between unwanted workplace experiences (UWEs) and negative perceptions of the sexual harassment reporting climate (NPRC) among 77 United States military units. De-identified archival data from the Department of Defense’s Defense Organizational Climate Survey (DEOCS) were analyzed. Results show that, while perceptions of inclusion did not moderate the relationship between UWEs and NPRC, it did predict NPRC. Our research reveals that the more inclusive a unit is, the more likely members in that unit will have positive perceptions of the sexual harassment reporting climate. Additionally, unit group cohesion (GC) levels were found to positively predict levels of inclusion among units. Implications regarding the implementation of more team-building exercises to both raise GC and perceptions of inclusion – as a potential way for military units to improve sexual harassment reporting climate – are discussed.