Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Faint Discrete X-ray Point Sources Constituting the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission

The Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission (GRXE) is apparently extended X-ray emission along the Galactic Plane. The X-ray spectrum is characterized by hard continuum with a strong Fe K emission feature in the 6-7 keV band. A substantial fraction (~80%) of the GRXE in the Fe band was resolved into point sources by deep Chandra imaging observations, thus GRXE is mostly composed of dim Galactic X-ray point sources at least in this energy band. To investigate the populations of these dim X-ray point sources, we carried out Near-Infrared (NIR) follow-up spectroscopic observations in two deep Chandra fields located in the Galactic plane at (l,b)=(0.1{\arcdeg}, -1.4{\arcdeg}) and (28.5{\arcdeg}, 0.0{\arcdeg}) using NTT/SofI and Subaru/MOIRCS. We obtained well-exposed NIR spectra from 65 objects and found that there are three main classes of Galactic sources based on the X-ray color and NIR spectral features: those having (A) hard X-ray spectra and NIR emission features such as HI(Br{\gamma}), HeI, and HeII (2 objects), (B) soft X-ray spectra and NIR absorption features such as HI, NaI, CaI, and CO (46 objects), and (C) hard X-ray spectra and NIR absorption features such as HI, NaI, CaI and CO (17 objects). From these features, we argue that class A sources are Cataclysmic Variables (CVs), and class B sources are late-type stars with enhanced coronal activity, which is in agreement with current knowledge. Class C sources possibly belong to a new group of objects, which has been poorly studied so far. We argue that the candidate sources for class C are the binary systems hosting white dwarfs and late-type companions with very low accretion rates. It is likely that this newly recognized class of the sources contribute to a non-negligible fraction of the GRXE, especially in the Fe K band.
AdS null deformations with inhomogeneities

We study $\mathrm{AdS}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}X$ null deformations arising as near horizon limits of D3-brane analogs of inhomogeneous plane waves. Restricting to normalizable deformations for the ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}$ case, these generically correspond in the dual field theory to super Yang-Mills states with light cone momentum density ${T}_{++}$ varying spatially, the homogeneous case studied in [K. Narayan, arXiv:1202.5935] corresponding to uniform ${T}_{++}$. All of these preserve some supersymmetry. Generically these inhomogeneous solutions exhibit analogs of horizons in the interior where a timelike Killing vector becomes null. From the point of view of ${x}^{+}$-dimensional reduction, the circle pinches off on these horizon loci in the interior. We discuss similar inhomogeneous solutions with asymptotically Lifshitz boundary conditions, as well as aspects of Lifshitz singularities in string constructions involving anti\char21{}de Sitter null deformations. We also briefly discuss holographic entanglement entropy for some of these.
Breaking Seed Dormancy: Effect of Heat and Vimpel® on Oil Palm Seed Germination (EIaeis guineensis Jacq)

Oil palm (E. guineensis) is native to Africa and among highest oilseeds crop in the world, having a dormant seeds which require pre-treatments to quicken the germination process. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of Vimpel growth regulator on germination of Oil palm seedlings. The viable seeds of oil palm were treated with vimpel solution at different stages of the germination process tagged as A (+ Vimpel before heat), B (+Vimpel after heat), C (+Vimpel without heat) D (0 vimpel) E (+ Vimpel prior and after heat) and F (Water prior and after heating/Control) and then subjected to six different temperature regime i.e. 2,4,6,8, 10 and 12 weeks in the germination chamber. The result indicates that group A had the highest germination percentage at 10 weeks of heat treatment followed by B at 8 weeks of temperature while group F (control) had the lowest percentage. Conclusively, the vimpel growth regulator has significant effects in facilitating the germination process by 40 days against 80 days of heat treatment currently use in the oil palm seed germination.
First Potential Demonstrations and Assessments of Monitoring Offshore Oil Rigs States Using GNSS Technologies

To guarantee safe and stable operation of the offshore oil rigs, it is important to monitor the status of the oil rigs and the marine hydrological environment around the oil rig. This work first demonstrates and evaluates the potential use of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technologies in the oil rigs. GNSS real-time kinematic (RTK) is used to monitor the quasi-static displacements and the dynamic responses of the oil rigs. In an 11-month experiment, GNSS-RTK successfully measures the quasi-static displacements with horizontal and vertical changes of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 15$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, respectively, when the temperature changes from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-10^{\circ} \text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30~^{\circ} \text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This suggests that GNSS-RTK can be used to monitor tiny quasi-static displacements of the oil rigs. For the dynamic response, the experimental results show that the vibration of the oil rigs has no correlation with significant wave height (SWH) and wind speed, respectively, below 1.0 m and 8.0 m/s, and the dominant frequency and vibration amplitude are, respectively, around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 0.35$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. However, when SWH and wind speed, respectively, are over 1.0 m and 8.0 m/s, the dominant frequency and vibration amplitude of the oil rigs show strong correlations with SWH and wind speed and, respectively, decreases and increases with SWH and wind speed increase. These variations agree with the physical truths so that it is potential to use GNSS-RTK to monitor the dynamic responses. To provide the SWH and wind speed around the oil rigs, a real-time GNSS-reflectometry (GNSS-R) system is developed and experimentally tested. In a 24-day experiment, the retrieved SWH and wind speed are in agreement with the in situ data with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.37 m and 1.40 m/s, respectively. Finally, an integrated and monitoring scheme of GNSS-RTK and reflectometry for the oil rigs is discussed.
Time-reversal symmetry breaking and spontaneous anomalous Hall effect in Fermi fluids

We study the spontaneous nonmagnetic time-reversal symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional Fermi liquid without breaking either the translation symmetry or the U(1) charge symmetry. Assuming the low-energy physics is described by fermionic quasiparticle excitations, we identified an 'emergent' local U(1){sup N} symmetry in momentum space for an N-band model. For a large class of models, including all one-band and two-band models, we found that the time-reversal and chiral symmetry breaking can be described by the U(1){sup N} gauge theory associated with this emergent local U(1){sup N} symmetry. This conclusion enables the classification of the time-reversal symmetry-breaking states as types I and II, depending on the type of accompanying spatial symmetry breaking. The properties of each class are studied. In particular, we show that the states breaking both time reversal and chiral symmetries are described by spontaneously generated Berry phases. We also show examples of the time-reversal symmetry-breaking phases in several different microscopically motivated models and calculate their associated Hall conductance within a mean-field approximation. The fermionic nematic phase with time-reversal symmetry breaking is also presented and the possible realizations in strongly correlated models such as the Emery model are discussed.
Selective-Resonance-Based Quantum Entangling Operation on Qubits in Circuit QED

We present a fast quantum entangling operation on superconducting qubits assisted by a resonator in the quasi-dispersive regime with a new effect --- the selective resonance coming from the amplified qubit-state-dependent resonator transition frequency and the tunable period relation between a wanted quantum Rabi oscillation and an unwanted one. This operation does not require any kind of drive fields and the interaction between qubits. More interesting, the non-computational third excitation states of the charge qubits can play an important role in shortening largely the operation time of the entangling gates. All those features provide an effective way to realize much faster quantum entangling gates on superconducting qubits than previous proposals.
LONGITUDINAL OSCILLATIONS IN DENSITY STRATIFIED AND EXPANDING SOLAR WAVEGUIDES

Waves and oscillations can provide vital information about the internal structure of waveguides in which they propagate. Here, we analytically investigate the effects of density and magnetic stratification on linear longitudinal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. The focus of this paper is to study the eigenmodes of these oscillations. It is our specific aim to understand what happens to these MHD waves generated in flux tubes with non-constant (e.g., expanding or magnetic bottle) cross-sectional area and density variations. The governing equation of the longitudinal mode is derived and solved analytically and numerically. In particular, the limit of the thin flux tube approximation is examined. The general solution describing the slow longitudinal MHD waves in an expanding magnetic flux tube with constant density is found. Longitudinal MHD waves in density stratified loops with constant magnetic field are also analyzed. From analytical solutions, the frequency ratio of the first overtone and fundamental mode is investigated in stratified waveguides. For small expansion, a linear dependence between the frequency ratio and the expansion factor is found. From numerical calculations it was found that the frequency ratio strongly depends on the density profile chosen and, in general, the numerical results are in agreement with the analytical results. The relevance of these results for solar magneto-seismology is discussed.
For the Love of Neutrinos

T he team behind CUPID-0, a neutrino experiment that used a new type of precision heat detector, has released its final results [1]. The findings continue the ongoing particle-physics streak of not seeing neutrinoless double beta decays. These decays are at the heart of current neutrino research, as their detection would imply that neutrinos are their own antiparticle. CUPID-0’s nondetection improves—by a factor of 20—constraints from previous detectors using the same nuclear-decay target material.
Remarks on the use of projected densities in the density-dependent part of Skyrme or Gogny functionals

I discuss the inadequacy of the 'projected density' prescription to be used in density-dependent forces/functionals when calculations beyond mean field are pursued. The case of calculations aimed at the symmetry restoration of mean fields obtained with effective realistic forces of the Skyrme or Gogny type is considered in detail. It is shown that, at least for the restoration of spatial symmetries like rotations, translations or parity, the above prescription yields catastrophic results for the energy that drive the intrinsic wave-function to configurations with infinite deformation, thereby preventing its use both in projection after and before variation.
The missing massive satellites of the Milky Way

Recent studies suggest that only three of the 12 brightest satellites of the Milky Way (MW) inhabit dark matter haloes with maximum circular velocity, Vmax, exceeding ∼30 km s−1. This is in apparent contradiction with the Λ cold dark matter (CDM) simulations of the Aquarius Project, which suggest that MW-sized haloes should have at least eight subhaloes with Vmax > 30 km s−1. The absence of luminous satellites in such massive subhaloes is thus puzzling and may present a challenge to the ΛCDM paradigm. We note, however, that the number of massive subhaloes depends sensitively on the (poorly known) virial mass of the MW, and that their scarcity makes estimates of their abundance from a small simulation set like Aquarius uncertain. We use the Millennium Simulation series and the invariance of the scaled subhalo velocity function (i.e. the number of subhaloes as a function of ν, the ratio of the subhalo Vmax to the host halo virial velocity, V200) to secure improved estimates of the abundance of rare massive subsystems. In the range 0.1 ν) is approximately Poisson distributed about an average given by 〈Nsub〉 = 10.2 (ν/0.15)−3.11. This is slightly lower than that in Aquarius haloes, but consistent with recent results from the Phoenix Project. The probability that a ΛCDM halo has three or fewer subhaloes with Vmax above some threshold value, Vth, is then straightforward to compute. It decreases steeply both with decreasing Vth and with increasing halo mass. For Vth = 30 km s−1, ∼40 per cent of Mhalo = 1012 M⊙ haloes pass the test; fewer than ∼5 per cent do so for Mhalo ≳ 2 × 1012 M⊙ and the probability effectively vanishes for Mhalo ≳ 3 × 1012 M⊙. Rather than a failure of ΛCDM, the absence of massive subhaloes might simply indicate that the MW is less massive than is commonly thought.
Phase dependent differential thermopower of SND junctions: Pair-breaking effects and Gaussian fluctuations

We start with revisiting our previous results on thermoelectric response of SNS configuration in a C-shaped Bi(x)Pb(1-x)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(y) sample in order to include strong fluctuation effects. Then, by appropriate generalization of the Ginzburg-Landau theory based on admixture of s-wave and d-wave superconductors, we consider a differential thermoelectric power (TEP) of SND junction. In addition to its strong dependence on the relative phase \theta =\phi_s-\phi_d between the two superconductors, two major effects are shown to influence the behavior of the predicted TEP. One, based on the chemical imbalance at SD interface, results in a pronounced maximum of the TEP peak near \theta =\pi /2 (where the so-called s+id mixed pairing state is formed) for two identical superconductors (with T_d=T_s\equiv T_c). Another effect, which should manifest itself at SD interface comprising an s-wave low-T_c superconductor and a d-wave high-T_c superconductor (with T_d\neq T_s), predicts S_p\propto T_d-T_s for the TEP peak value. The experimental conditions under which the predicted behavior of the induced differential TEP can be measured are discussed.
Pressure dependence of Curie temperature and resistivity in complex Heusler alloys

Via first-principles electronic structure calculations, we have studied the dependence of the Curie temperature on external hydrostatic pressure for random Ni2MnSn Heusler alloys doped with Cuand Pd-atoms, over the entire range of dopant concentrations. The Curie temperatures are calculated using random-phase approximation to the Heisenberg Hamiltonian whose parameters are determined using the linear response and multiple scattering methods, based on density-functional theory. In (Ni,Pd)2MnSn alloys Curie temperatures are found to increase with applied pressure over the whole concentration range. The crossover from the increase to the decrease of the Curie temperature with pressure takes place for Cu-concentrations larger than about 70% in (Ni,Cu)2MnSn Heusler alloys. The results for the reference Ni2MnSn Heusler alloys agree well with a previous theoretical study of Sasioglu et al. and also reasonably well with available experimental data. Results for the spin-disorder induced part of the resistivity in (Ni1 x,Pdx)2 Heusler alloys are also presented.
Magnetism and magnetotransport in disordered graphene

We perform Monte Carlo simulations to study the interplay of structural and magnetic order in single layer graphene covered with magnetic adatoms. We propose that the presence of ripples in the graphene structure can lead to clustering of the adatoms and to a variety of magnetic states such as superparamagnetism, antiferromagnetism, ferromagnetism and spin-glass behavior. We derive the magnetization hysteresis and also the magnetoresistance curves in the variable range hopping regime, which can provide experimental signatures for ripple induced clustering and magnetism. We propose that the magnetic states in graphene can be controlled by gate voltage and coverage fraction.
A stupendous statistics on the pandemic impact on all sectors of Bangladesh

The word "Pandemic" means a horrible situation for the whole world. In December 2019, they were crucially killing breathing symptoms coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus that was first flourishing in Wuhan, China. This survey exposes Bangladeshi people to their thinking, mind, reaction about the corona, guessing about COVID-19, how their mental situation, their economic condition, and how they see the impact on the environment of COVID-19 during the lockdown. More than 15 occupations people supported us in the completion of the work. We set a consent option for participants that they agree or disagree with to fill up the survey form, and we were capable of collecting 938 responses (921 yes and 17 no) through the google form, which filled-up with their assessment. We surveyed to measure and analyze the situation during the lockdown period. According to our survey responses, 19% of people take the COVID-19 as God's wrath, 35.14% permanently and 43.24% temporarily lose their job of the private job holder, 76.8% suffer financially from corona, 55.60% of students or young guys think a coronavirus will never attack them, and they have lots of issues with coronavirus. We found some curious acknowledgment from the audience because they feel COVID-19 attacks only bad people, someone who had a severe fever, and they think COVID-19 attacked him, and they (17.5%) also think the virus is inactive by the water of the rain. They have a favorable view of the coronavirus impact on the environment. This survey also instituted a reference for further pandemic situations. It will also help in taking advanced preparation for pandemic as well as beware people. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc. All rights reserved.
Ratio of Pion Kaon Production in Proton Carbon Interactions

The ratio of pion-kaon production by 120 GeV/c protons incident on carbon target is presented. The data was recorded with the Main Injector Particle Production experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Production ratios of K{sup +}/{pi}{sup +}, K{sup -}/{pi}{sup -}, K{sup -}/K{sup +}, and {pi}{sup -}/{pi}{sup +} are measured in 24 bins in longitudinal momentum from 20 to 90 GeV/c and transverse momentum up to 2 GeV/c. The measurement is compared to existing data sets, particle production Monte Carlo results from FLUKA-06, parametrization of proton-beryllium data at 400/450 GeV/c, and ratios measured by the MINOS experiment on the NuMI target.
Phase Noise Analysis of Periodically ON/OFF Switched Oscillators

The paper presents a detailed analysis of phase noise in periodically switched oscillators (PSOs) which are emerging as effective multipliers in mmW applications. The analysis shows that the output phase noise of these stages cannot be estimated using the analogy to retimed oscillators. Closed form expressions for the transfer of both the reference and the oscillator noise are derived together with a correction to include the contribution of the oscillator close-in phase noise. The results are validated against Cadence Spectre RF® simulations of a PSO designed in a 28-nm bulk CMOS technology. The excess noise arising from the finite duration of the on-off transients is also discussed.
Relation Between the Complexity and the Probability of Large Numbers.

Abstract : H(x), the negative logarithm of the apriori probability M(x), i s Levin's variant of Kolmogorov's complexity of a natural number x. Let alpha(n) be the minimum complexity of a number larger than n, s(n) the logarithm of the apriori probability of obtaining a number larger than n. It was known that s(n) or = alpha(n) or = s(n) + H(s(n)). We show that the second estimate is in some sense sharp.
Current Perspectives on the Impact of Chronic Migraine on Sleep Quality: A Literature Review

Objective Recent studies have shown that sleep problems occur in migraineurs and poor sleep causes chronification, but the mechanisms by which chronic migraine affects sleep quality are still unknown. This review aims to analyze commonly reported sleep disturbances in chronic migraine (CM) and determine the effect of CM on sleep quality. Materials and Methods We conducted a comprehensive review of all published articles on CM and sleep quality from inception to March 2022 in the literature. Clinical trials, observational studies, and case series (≥20 cases) were included. Two reviewers and a supervisor reviewed the titles and abstracts of all search results with predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. PubMed search for randomized controlled trials and open studies on CM and sleep quality reported in English between 1983 and 2022 was conducted using the keywords including chronic migraine, sleep, insomnia, sleep quality, polysomnography, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results A total of 535 potentially relevant articles were found. A total of 455 articles and reviews, meta-analyses published in any language other than English, with other exclusion criteria, were excluded from the review. In the remaining articles, 36 clinical studies, reviewing sleep quality and its association with migraine, were identified and reviewed. Evidence from this review shows that poor sleep and migraine chronicity are intertwined with other accompanying comorbidities and dysregulation of circadian rhythm that innovative treatments promise to bring relief to both poor sleep as well as migraine. Conclusion Sleep disorders are common in CM and the association between migraine chronification and sleep quality is bidirectional. Comorbid conditions with accompanying frequent attacks in migraine may impair sleep quality. While the maladaptive pain process worsens sleep, poor sleep quality also negatively affects migraine pain. Sleep disturbance, which is affected by worsening migraine attacks, causes deterioration in the quality of life, loss of workforce, and economic burden.
A Trust Region Method for Finding Second-Order Stationarity in Linearly Constrained Nonconvex Optimization

Motivated by TRACE algorithm [Curtis et al. 2017], we propose a trust region algorithm for finding second order stationary points of a linearly constrained non-convex optimization problem. We show the convergence of the proposed algorithm to (\epsilon_g, \epsilon_H)-second order stationary points in \widetilde{\mathcal{O}}(\max{\epsilon_g^{-3/2}, \epsilon_H^{-3}}) iterations. This iteration complexity is achieved for general linearly constrained optimization without cubic regularization of the objective function.