Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Out-of-Wedlock Pregnancy Among Single Mothers in Khartoum, Sudan: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences

Background: Out-of-wedlock childbearing is a global phenomenon that has lifelong consequences on the lives of both mothers and their children. The aim of this study is to identify the sociodemographic characteristics, causes, and consequences of outof- wedlock pregnancy among single mothers in Khartoum, Sudan.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Mygoma Orphanage Center (MOC) and Shamaa Rehabilitation Center (SRC) using convenience sampling among 200 participants. A validated questionnaire with 25 items was used to collect data. The data were entered into Epi-Data Manager and analyzed using the SPSS. Results: The study found that most of the single mothers in Khartoum who gave birth out of wedlock were young and had just completed their university education. Most of them discovered their pregnancy during the second or third trimester, and nearly half of them did not receive any antenatal care. The majority of the children born to these mothers were preterm and had a low birth weight. Additionally, many mothers reported experiencing social stigma and rejection from their families due to their out-of-wedlock pregnancy. The study also highlighted loneliness, stress, and romantic relations as the main causes of out-of-wedlock pregnancy among single mothers in Khartoum, Sudan.Conclusion: The study provides useful insights into the sociodemographic characteristics, causes, and consequences of out-of-wedlock pregnancy among single mothers in Khartoum, Sudan. Social stigma and lack of support were identified as significant barriers to the reintegration of single mothers and their children into society. Future research should focus on investigating the long-term effects of outof- wedlock pregnancy on mothers and their children.
Entrainment results including advection and case studies from the Flatland boundary layer experiments

Boundary layer top entrainment measurements from the 1996 Flatland boundary layer experiment (Flatland96) were presented by Angevine et al. [1998a]. At that time, no reliable estimates of temperature advection, which could affect the heat budget approach used, were available. This paper presents the entrainment results recalculated with advection estimated from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction mesoscale Eta numerical model. Estimates of the contribution to entrainment by mechanical turbulence (shear) and of the shear-free entrainment ratio are also calculated. A number of case study examples are also presented to elucidate further the complex interactions that govern entrainment. Accounting for advection in the budgets results in a slightly smaller estimate of the entrainment ratio A R ; the mean A R is 0.47 ± 0.11, and the median is 0.40. These results are still somewhat larger than long-accepted values and comparable to results from some other studies in comparable conditions. The experiments took place in the area near the Flatland Atmospheric Observatory near Champaign-Urbana, Illinois, in June-August 1996. The site is interesting because it is extraordinarily flat, has uniform land use, and is situated in a prime agricultural area.
Long-Run Effects from Comprehensive Student Support: Evidence from Pathways to Education

Offering comprehensive education support services to disadvantaged students shows promise for improving academic attainment. We explore longer-term impacts of the Pathways to Education program, a set of coaching, tutoring, group activities, and financial incentives initially offered in 2001 to grade-nine students living in the largest public housing community in Toronto. Using a difference-in-difference methodology and matching school records to income tax data through age 28 for a sample of students living in public housing under similar circumstances, we find that Pathways eligibility increased adult annual earnings by 19 percent, employment by 14 percent, and reduced welfare receipt by more than 30 percent. (JEL I22, I23, I24, I26, I28, L31)
The Power and Morals of Policymakers. Reassessing the Control Gap Debate

For more than fifteen years, there has been a lively debate among migration scholars in Europe and North-America about how to explain “why liberal states accept unwanted migration”. This paper assesses existent hypotheses in the “most-likely” case of the making of Dutch family migration policies. This empirical test raises serious doubts as to the validity of the broadly shared assumption that national policy makers have lost the power to regulate migration flows. Accounts that focus on the mechanisms of domestic politics do yield valuable insights, but fail to capture the crucial role of immaterial values in the decision-making process.
SURFACE WATER WITHDRAWAL ALLOCATION AND TRADING SYSTEMS FOR TRADITIONALLY RIPARLAN AREAS 1

ABSTRACT: There is a growing need for water regulations in states traditionally managed by the riparian doctrine. Several states have passed water laws to control withdrawals from streams. Few, if any, however, have set up consistent and defensible methods for allocating water to users. This paper explores several methods for such allocations, examining each in detail and offering numerical examples that compare each on the basis of economic efficiency and effectiveness for maintaining critical stream‐flow standards. This work is part of a study to assess the vulnerability of Midwestern streams to climate change and, especially, surface supplied irrigation spawned by such climate change. The results suggest that it is possible to implement regulations that at once (1) are consistent with the riparian doctrine; (2) control the hydrological and ecological impacts of off stream withdrawals effectively; and (3) preserve the primary economic functions of those withdrawals, including minimizing economic risk. The results further suggest that trading of water permits improves the latter two objectives, but only if both the regulatory system and permit are well‐designed. On the other hand, in the absence of regulations, or under poorly designed regulations, streamflows, and therefore aquatic ecosystems, could be quite vulnerable.
Application of conjugated materials in sports training

In recent years, with the rapid development of the sports industry, the quality of sports training products on the market is uneven. Problems such as inaccurate detection of athletes’ physical indicators, low comfort of sportswear, and reduced satisfaction with sports equipment often occur. To this end, this article proposes to apply conjugated materials with excellent optical, electrical, thermal and other properties to sports training and sports products, by summarizing the properties of conjugated materials and their applications in sports training, explores the potential of conjugated materials in improving athletes’ training effects, monitoring sports status, and improving sports equipment. This article rates the application of conjugated materials in sports training products in terms of comfort, waterproofness, portability, lightness, aesthetics and breathability. The results showed that the average scores of the 20 sports participants on sportswear were 9.0475, 9.0075, 9.01, 9.025, 9.0325 and 9.04 respectively; the average scores on sports shoes were 9.035, 9.055, 9.02, 9.085, 9.0175 and 8.9975 respectively. Research shows that applying conjugated materials to sports training can improve athletes’ performance and contribute to the better development of sports.
Biosolubilized zinc from ZnO in bacterial culture supernatant enhanced seed germination, early growth, and zinc accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under hydroponic system through seed priming method

Abstract Presently, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) based fertilizers are reported inefficient in flooded paddy fields which necessitates to find a better alternative for sustainable rice cultivation. This study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of bacterially solubilized Zn (BSZn) on the early growth of rice plants and the concentration of Zn in the plant parts in comparison to conventional ZnSO4. BSZn preparations were obtained from culture supernatant following ZnO solubilization by bacterial isolates Burkholderia spp. and Achromobacter sp. The effectiveness of BSZn was assessed on rice seed germination on Petri plates and the growth of seedlings upon treatment in hydroponic culture under controlled conditions. In general, BSZn obtained from certain Burkholderia spp. increased seed germination percentage (SG%) (98–100%), mean germination rate (MGR), mean daily germination (MDG), decreased mean germination time (MGT) and impart stimulating effect on seed germination as indicated by increased vigor indices compared to ZnSO4 treatment regimes. The obtained data from the hydroponic culture of rice seedling growth indicated a positive influence of most of the BSZn preparation on dry and wet weight of roots and shoots, and seedling length compared to ZnSO4 at p < 0.05. Both chlorophyll and carotenoid content of the seedling increased in the presence of some BSZn preparations. In general, compared to shoot, the root of seedlings accumulated a higher amount of Zn (up to 888 µg Zn/g dry biomass). Zn concentration data indicated that BSZn16 obtained from Burkholderia sp. EIKU16 culture help to accumulate significantly higher amounts of Zn in rice seedlings under hydroponic culture than that while treated with ZnSO4.
Quality assessment of atmospheric surface fields over the Baltic Sea from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations with respect to ocean dynamics

Abstract Climate model results for the Baltic Sea region from an ensemble of eight simulations using the Rossby Centre Atmosphere model version 3 (RCA3) driven with lateral boundary data from global climate models (GCMs) are compared with results from a downscaled ERA40 simulation and gridded observations from 1980–2006. The results showed that data from RCA3 scenario simulations should not be used as forcing for Baltic Sea models in climate change impact studies because biases of the control climate significantly affect the simulated changes of future projections. For instance, biases of the sea ice cover in RCA3 in the present climate affect the sensitivity of the model’s response to changing climate due to the ice-albedo feedback. From the large ensemble of available RCA3 scenario simulations two GCMs with good performance in downscaling experiments during the control period 1980–2006 were selected. In this study, only the quality of atmospheric surface fields over the Baltic Sea was chosen as a selection criterion. For the greenhouse gas emission scenario A1B two transient simulations for 1961–2100 driven by these two GCMs were performed using the regional, fully coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model RCAO. It was shown that RCAO has the potential to improve the results in downscaling experiments driven by GCMs considerably, because sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations are calculated more realistically with RCAO than when RCA3 has been forced with surface boundary data from GCMs. For instance, the seasonal 2 m air temperature cycle is closer to observations in RCAO than in RCA3 downscaling simulations. However, the parameterizations of air-sea fluxes in RCAO need to be improved.
Whole genome sequence analyses of thermotolerant Bacillus sp. isolates from food

The Bacillus cereus group, also known as B. cereus sensu lato (B. cereus s.l.), is composed of various Bacillus species, some of which can cause diarrheal or emetic food poisoning. Several emerging highly heat-resistant Bacillus species have been identified, these include B. thermoamylovorans, B. sporothermodurans, and B. cytotoxicus NVH 391-98. Herein, we performed whole genome analysis of two thermotolerant Bacillus sp. isolates, Bacillus sp. B48 and Bacillus sp. B140, from an omelet with acacia leaves and fried rice, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis suggested that Bacillus sp. B48 and Bacillus sp. B140 are closely related to B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, respectively. Whole genome alignment of Bacillus sp. B48, Bacillus sp. B140, mesophilic strain B. cereus ATCC14579, and thermophilic strain B. cytotoxicus NVH 391-98 using the Mauve program revealed the presence of numerous homologous regions including genes responsible for heat shock in the dnaK gene cluster. However, the presence of a DUF4253 domain-containing protein was observed only in the genome of B. cereus ATCC14579 while the intracellular protease PfpI family was present only in the chromosome of B. cytotoxicus NVH 391-98. In addition, prophage Clp protease-like proteins were found in the genomes of both Bacillus sp. B48 and Bacillus sp. B140 but not in the genome of B. cereus ATCC14579. The genomic profiles of Bacillus sp. isolates were identified by using whole genome analysis especially those relating to heat-responsive gene clusters. The findings presented in this study lay the foundations for subsequent studies to reveal further insights into the molecular mechanisms of Bacillus species in terms of heat resistance mechanisms.
Accurate Discretization of Vertically-averaged Models of CO2 Plume Migration

When CO2 is injected into a deep formation, it will migrate as a plume that moves progressively higher in the formation, displacing the resident brine. The invasion front is driven by gravity, and the upward movement of the plume is limited by a low-permeable caprock. Several authors have recently proposed to make a sharp-interface assumption and only describe the plume migration in a vertically-averaged sense. For inhomogeneous permeability, the plume migration is then described by a system of conservation laws with spatially discontinuous flux. If one disregards dissolution and residual trapping, the system reduces to a scalar conservation law with a spatially dependent flux function, which may exhibit different solutions depending on the entropy condition that is enforced to pick a unique solution. We propose a certain set of assumptions that lead to the so-called minimum-jump condition and derive the corresponding solutions to the Riemann problem. Solutions to this problem are fundamental when developing accurate Godunov-type schemes. Here, we take a slightly different approach and present an unconditionally stable front-tracking method, which is optimal for this type of problem. Moreover, we verify the well-known observation that a standard upstream mobility discretization can give wrong solutions in certain cases.
Longitudinal Patterns of Beverage Intake in Treatment-Seeking Children with Obesity in Eastern NC Using the Validated BEVQ-15

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption remains a major target for interventions to treat severe obesity in children. Understanding how total energy consumption is divided among different types of beverages remains unclear. This study retrospectively examined how the consumption of beverage calories (kcal) from 100% fruit juice and SSBs, and body mass index, assessed as a percent of the 95th sex- and age-specific percentile (%of 95BMI), changed during the treatment of children with obesity aged 2–18 years. Treatment was provided by an integrative multi-disciplinary team, comprising a physician, a dietician/ nutritionist and a behavioralist employing motivational interviewing and a small change approach to promote improved sustainable health habits and induce a net negative energy balance. The sample included 155 patients, with 341 visits. The median age was 11 years, 60% were girls, and there was a median follow-up of 3.1 months. At baseline, the median %of 95BMI was 135 and the median kcal/day intake was 436 from juice and 263 from SSB. For each additional 100 kcal consumed/day from SSB and juice, the %of 95BMI increased by 1.4 percentage points. In the follow-up, each additional month was associated with 7 fewer kcal/day from SSB and juice combined, with a 0.5 percentage point increase in %of 95BMI. Children in this treatment program consumed fewer calories from SSB over time, although the %of 95BMI did not decrease. SSBs other than soda accounted for the majority of beverage kcal intake, therefore potentially providing a targeted direction for interventions.
Observations of the Directional Spectrum of Ocean WavesUsing a Cloverleaf Buoy

Abstract Analysis of the directional spectra of typical sets of surface wave data obtained in the open sea as well asa bay using a cloverleaf buoy system are reported. It is shown that the directional wave spectrum can be approximated by the product of the frequencyspectrum and a unimodal angular distribution with mean direction approximately equal to that of thewind, and that various forms of frequency spectra exist, even in relatively simple wave systems, dependingon their generating conditions. Ocean waves at fairly short dimensionless fetches show spectral forms withvery narrow spectral width, which are similar to those of laboratory wind waves. On the other hand, thespectral forms for ocean waves at very long dimensionless fetches are quite similar to the Pierson-Moskowitzspectra, which are considered, within our present data, to be the wave spectra with the largest spectral width.Finally, there exist many ocean waves at moderate dimensionless fetches, which show spectral forms with interminate spect.
Från idé till organisatoriskt nätverk. Föreningslivets förändring och förtätning i Hovmantorp

Jessica Hansen disputerade 2011 med avhandlingen ”Sa fixade vi Allhallen” dar hon foljer resursmobiliseringen i ett lokalsamhalle for att kunna bygga en allaktivitetshall. Det kapitel (kapitel 3 i boken) som vi nu publicerar som en fristaende artikel fokuserar pa hur sjalva den organisatoriska processen sag ut, hur foreningslivet i den smalandska orten Hovmantorp forandrades och fortatades under resans gang, fran att iden foddes 1999 till ett klubbat beslut i kommunfullmaktige i Lessebo kommun den 28 november 2005. Hansen beskriver en process dar de engagerade individerna har kunnat utnyttja och bygga vidare pa sina befintliga organisationstillhorigheter nar de mobiliserat sina natverk, grupperat och omgrupperat sig och skapat en helt ny organisation. Det handlar om forutsattningarna for kollektivt handlande, om hur allianser byggs och potentiellt motstand organiseras bort. Publiceringshistorik: Utdrag (kapitel 3) ur Jessica Hansens avhandling ”Sa fixade vi Allhallen”. Resursmobilisering och organisationsfortatning i ett lokalsamhalle , Arkiv forlag 2011. (Publicerad 13 december 2013) Forslag pa kallangivelse: Hansen, Jessica (2013) ”Fran ide till organisatoriskt natverk. Foreningslivets forandring och fortatning i Hovmantorp”, i Arkiv. Tidskrift for samhallsanalys , nr 1, s. 61–85. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.13068/2000-6217.1. 3
Ambulatory sleep–wake recording in an acclimatized mountaineer over 8 days at high altitude

Continuous ambulatory polygraphy (electroencephalogram and electrooculogram) was recorded on a 34-year-old female mountaineer acclimatized to an altitude of 5350 m, using a portable Oxford Medilog 9000 cassette recorder over 8 consecutive days. The recordings at altitudes of 5000 to 7600 m were performed while attempting to climb Mount Everest without an oxygen mask. The subject slept only at night. Altitude sleep measures were compared to data obtained at 300 m altitude during one 24-h recording performed before the expedition departed. The sleep–wake organization was barely influenced by altitude. Intrasleep wakefulness was augmented, leading to a decrease in sleep efficiency. No slow-wave-sleep curtailment was found, and day-to-day sleep–wake variations were more likely due to anxiety, fatigue owing to strenuous effort, nighttime cold, or daytime heat exposure.
Terahertz Metasurface: Non-Diffracting OAM Generation, Multidimensional Multiplexing, and SA-RCS Reduction

In this article, we propose a metasurface element with a simple structure and diverse functions. Then, the polarization properties of metasurface elements were looked at, and simulations using the finite element method (FEM) were used to get the surface current and electric field distribution, which was confirmed by transmission line theory (TLT). Based on the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase method, the 3-bit coded metasurface and 10 gradient phase metasurface elements were designed. Therefore, design can produce maximum non-diffracting distance <italic>d</italic><sub>max</sub> = 1055.265 <italic>μm</italic> non-diffracting on orbital angular momentum (OAM), and design the incidence angle for <italic>θ<sub>i</sub></italic>(<italic>f</italic><sub>1</sub>) = 27.22°, <italic>θ<sub>i</sub></italic>(<italic>f</italic><sub>2</sub>) = 31.54°, and <italic>θ<sub>i</sub></italic>(<italic>f</italic><sub>3</sub>) = 24.25°, corresponding to the frequency respectively <italic>f</italic><sub>1</sub> = 2.62 THz, <italic>f</italic><sub>2</sub> = 2.29 THz, and <italic>f</italic><sub>3</sub> = 2.93 THz, respectively along the −<italic>x</italic>, −<italic>y</italic>, <italic>x</italic> and <italic>y</italic> direction incidence, corresponding respectively along the +<italic>z</italic> axis coaxial topological charge of <italic>l</italic><sub>1</sub> = 4, <italic>l</italic><sub>2</sub> = −1, <italic>l</italic><sub>3</sub> = 2 mode of <italic>l</italic><sub>4</sub> = −2 the OAM vortex beam, which implements the 3 × 4 = 12 coaxial orthogonal OAM of the OAM mode, frequency, and angle multiplexing metasurface, realises multidimensional reuse, and the multiplexing channel is uncapped in theory. The aforementioned observation is closely tied to the fundamental property that OAM modes exhibit orthogonality to one another. Furthermore, this study also examines the methodology and concept of the simulated annealing algorithm (SA) in relation to optimizing the application of radar cross section (RCS) reduction.
Proposal to expand the concept of intrauterine growth retardation/restriction and separate five types of IUGR using the "MDN method"

The authors of the study developed a new methodology to examine the physical development of neonates, which simultaneous takes into account the maturity (gestational age), development (weight and length standard positions) and nutritional status (the correlation between weight and length standard positions) of a newborn child. The foundation of this method is a matrix which consists eight horizontal rows of weight standard percentile zones and eight columns made up by the rows of the length standard percentile zones rotated 90 degrees vertically. These form a 64-cell MDN percentile matrix, in which the total data of 1,244,918 Hungarian neonates was added, and the stillbirth + infant mortality (SB+IM) rates of each cell were calculated. Based on the results of this process, five distinctive types of IUGR was identified. Based on the results, five characteristically distinct IUGR types were identified: 1/. weight restricted, 2/. length restricted, 3/. weight and length restricted, 4/. overnourished – length restricted and 5/. undernourished – weight restricted. The various occurrence rates and mortality risks of each IUGR type were also calculated. Using this methodology, the screening processes for IUGR during pregnancy and after delivery were also developed.