Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Government Accounting in Pakistan: transition from a Legacy system to the New Accounting Model

ABSTRACT This research aims to describe and assess the historical development of government accounting in Pakistan; and to analyse the distinctive elements of each stage of development that contributed to the dynamics of change. Prior studies have overlooked public sector accounting as researchers have focused more on Pakistan’s private sector. We find, in the first instance, a transition in the government accounting of the country from a Legacy system to the New Accounting Model. A thematic analysis of the archival data further reveals that the system has passed through the stages of Dependency, Stepping-stone, and Modernisation with a forward look to Standardisation. Beyond accounting history, our results are deemed to be useful to accounting education, policy, and practice.
Extension of the osp(m|n)∼so(m−n) correspondence to the infinite-dimensional chiral spinors and self dual tensors

The spinor representations of the orthosymplectic Lie superalgebras osp(m|n) are considered and constructed. These are infinite-dimensional irreducible representations, of which the superdimension coincides with the dimension of the spinor representation of so(m−n). Next, we consider the self dual tensor representations of osp(m|n) and their generalizations: these are also infinite-dimensional and correspond to the highest irreducible component of the pth power of the spinor representation. We determine the character of these representations, and deduce a superdimension formula. From this, it follows that also for these representations the osp(m|n)∼so(m−n) correspondence holds.
Curious conjectures on the distribution of primes among the sums of the first $2n$ primes

Let pn be nth prime, and let (Sn) ∞ n=1 := (Sn) be the sequence of the sums of the first 2n consecutive primes, that is, Sn = ∑ 2n k=1 pk with n = 1, 2, . Heuristic arguments supported by the corresponding computational results suggest that the primes are distributed among sequence (Sn) in the same way that they are distributed among positive integers. In other words, taking into account the Prime Number Theorem, this assertion is equivalent to #{p : p is a prime and p = Sk for some k with 1 ≤ k ≤ n} ∼#{p : p is a prime and p = k for some k with 1 ≤ k ≤ n} ∼ logn n as n→ ∞, where |S| denotes the cardinality of a set S. Under the assumption that this assertion is true (Conjecture 3.3), we say that (Sn) satisfies the Restricted Prime Number Theorem. Motivated by this, in Sections 1 and 2 we give some definitions, results and examples concerning the generalization of the prime counting function π(x) to increasing positive integer sequences. The remainder of the paper (Sections 3-7) is devoted to the study of mentioned sequence (Sn). Namely, we propose several conjectures and we prove their consequences concerning the distribution of primes in the sequence (Sn). These conjectures are mainly motivated by the Prime Number Theorem, some heuristic arguments and related computational results. Several consequences of these conjectures are also established.
Organokines, Sarcopenia, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and the Interplay with Exercise

Sarcopenia is a disease that becomes more prevalent as the population ages, since it is directly linked to the process of senility, which courses with muscle atrophy and loss of muscle strength. Over time, sarcopenia is linked to obesity, being known as sarcopenic obesity, and leads to other metabolic changes. At the molecular level, organokines act on different tissues and can improve or harm sarcopenia. It all depends on their production process, which is associated with factors such as physical exercise, the aging process, and metabolic diseases. Because of the seriousness of these repercussions, the aim of this literature review is to conduct a review on the relationship between organokines, sarcopenia, diabetes, and other metabolic repercussions, as well the role of physical exercise. To build this review, PubMed-Medline, Embase, and COCHRANE databases were searched, and only studies written in English were included. It was observed that myokines, adipokines, hepatokines, and osteokines had direct impacts on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and its metabolic repercussions. Therefore, knowing how organokines act is very important to know their impacts on age, disease prevention, and how they can be related to the prevention of muscle loss.
Improved Marx Pulse Generator With Auxiliary Trigger Topology (2022)

Marx multistage circuits based on avalanche transistors are widely used in high-power nanosecond pulse applications. In response to the low reliability of the conventional Marx circuit, this article analyzed the corresponding failure mechanism and discovered that the conduction modes were the main cause of failure. Based on this, a new topology is designed, by changing the conduction mode from “overvoltage switching-on” to “triggering switching-on”. The simulation and measurement results show that the new structure has the advantages of high efficiency, stable operation, low output delay, and short output pulse front. Meanwhile, to further improve the output efficiency, a multiplexed stacking solution is designed based on the new structure, and the simulation results show that the output efficiency is up to 95%. The research in this article can provide solutions for the accurate and reliable synchronous triggering of key units such as gas switches in pulsed power systems, and also provide references for the design of high-efficiency nanosecond pulse generators.
Fast Algorithm for Joint Unicast and Multicast Beamforming for Large-Scale Massive MIMO

We consider the problem of joint unicast and multi-group multicast beamforming design for large-scale massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, with a potentially large number of unicast users. Focusing on minimizing the total transmit power subject to quality-of-service constraints, we propose an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based fast algorithm to efficiently obtain the beamforming solutions for both unicast and multicast users. Exploiting the optimal beamforming structure obtained recently for multi-group multicast beamforming, we decompose the original problem into two subproblems for the unicast and multicast users and solve them using the alternating optimization technique. We obtain the solution to the unicast subproblem in closed form by exploring the unicast beamforming structure, thereby substantially reducing the computational complexity of the overall algorithm. We solve the multicast subproblem by approximating the non-convex constraints with a sequence of convex constraints using the successive convex approximation. Each convex subproblem is then reformulated into an ADMM form, which enables us to derive a closed-form update for the multicast subproblem. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm achieves a near-optimal performance at a very low complexity for large-scale systems.
Assessing Measurement Properties of a Simplified Chinese Version of Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI-SC) in Community Residents

Background: The study aimed to assess the measurement properties of a simplified Chinese version of the Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI-SC) in the community. Methods: A psychometric evaluation through an observational cross-sectional survey design was conducted. Community residents (N = 751) in Hangzhou, China completed the SCI-SC and the simplified Chinese version of the Sleep Quality Questionnaire (SQQ) in July 2021. Data were randomly split into a development sample (N = 375) for model development by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a holdout sample (N = 376) for validation by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multi-group CFA (MGCFA) was used to assess configural, metric, scalar, and strict measurement invariance across gender, age, marital status, body mass index (BMI), napping habits, generic exercise, hobby, and administered survey. Moreover, statistical analyses were performed to determine the reliability (alpha and omega) and construct validity of the instrument. Results: Both factor analyses showed a stable solution with two dimensions of Sleep Pattern and Sleep-Related Impact. Good structural validity, robust internal consistency, and construct validity with the SQQ were demonstrated. There was evidence of strict invariance across gender, BMI, napping habits, generic exercise, hobby, and administered survey subgroups, but only metric and scalar invariances were established across age and marital status groups, respectively. Conclusions: The SCI-SC demonstrated promising psychometric properties, with high SQQ concordance and consistent structure of the original version. The SCI-SC can be used by sleep researchers as well as healthcare professionals in various contexts in detecting risks for insomnia disorder in the community.
Unusual Presentation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature

Diseases occurring during pregnancy create a dilemma of managing the patient without causing harm to the unborn child. Three percent of the peak incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is congruent with the reproductive period, particularly with pregnancy. Pregnant patients with HL always require a team of medical experts ranging from a medical oncologist, high-risk obstetrician, and neonatologist. Effective communication with both the patient and family is also necessary. The treatment goal for these patients should focus on achieving complete remission for the mother while permitting the delivery of a healthy child. Pregnant patients diagnosed with HL should undergo similar clinical investigations as other non-pregnant patients with accurate disease staging and appropriate non-radiation imaging such as ultrasound while avoiding invasive procedures.
Tangent lines, inflections, and vertices of closed curves

We show that every smooth closed curve C immersed in Euclidean 3-space satisfies the sharp inequality 2(P+I)+V >5 which relates the numbers P of pairs of parallel tangent lines, I of inflections (or points of vanishing curvature), and V of vertices (or points of vanishing torsion) of C. We also show that 2(P'+I)+V >3, where P' is the number of pairs of concordant parallel tangent lines. The proofs, which employ curve shortening flow with surgery, are based on corresponding inequalities for the numbers of double points, singularities, and inflections of closed curves in the real projective plane and the sphere which intersect every closed geodesic. These findings extend some classical results in curve theory including works of Moebius, Fenchel, and Segre, which is also known as Arnold's "tennis ball theorem".
Abort-Safe Spacecraft Rendezvous on Elliptic Orbits

We develop a spacecraft rendezvous policy that ensures safe, collision-free trajectories under various thrust failure scenarios. We use backward reachable sets (RSs) to characterize the unsafe region where, if a failure occurs, a collision between a chaser and a target spacecraft cannot be avoided with the remaining available thrust. The chaser spacecraft is guided toward the target via model predictive control (MPC) that ensures abort safety by avoiding the unsafe region, which is locally convexified with half-spaces. Simulations of the rendezvous policy on various orbits demonstrate that the approach ensures safe aborts in the event of multiple thruster failures, passive abort safety under total thruster failure, and achieves some robustness to unmodeled orbital perturbations.
RECONSTRUCTION OF POETIC FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT – TAKING THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF LI QINGZHAO'S “SLOW SLOW SONG” AS AN EXAMPLE

Based on Halliday’s systemic functional context theory, this paper makes a contrastive analysis of the transitivity process, register variants, and text genre of the two English translations of Li Qingzhao’s “Slow Slow Song” from the three dimensions of cultural context, situational context, and co-text to explore the characteristics of the language expressions of the two translations. It is found that there are differences in the process of transitivity, register variants, and discourse genre between the two translations and the original text. Based on the language use characteristics of the two translations, this paper further discusses the English translation strategies of Song Ci from the three levels of discourse cohesion, meaning interpretation, and genre selection to provide a reference for the translation practice of Song Ci.
$(\delta, \chi_{_{\sf FF}})$-bounded families of graphs

For any graph $G$, the First-Fit (or Grundy) chromatic number of $G$, denoted by $\chi_{_{\sf FF}}(G)$, is defined as the maximum number of colors used by the First-Fit (greedy) coloring of the vertices of $G$. We call a family $\mathcal{F}$ of graphs $(\delta, \chi_{_{\sf FF}})$-bounded if there exists a function $f(x)$ with $f(x)\rightarrow \infty$ as $x\rightarrow \infty$ such that for any graph $G$ from the family one has $\chi_{_{\sf FF}}(G)\geq f(\delta(G))$, where $\delta(G)$ is the minimum degree of $G$. We first give some results concerning $(\delta, \chi_{_{\sf FF}})$-bounded families and obtain a few such families. Then we prove that for any positive integer $\ell$, $Forb(K_{\ell,\ell})$ is $(\delta, \chi_{_{\sf FF}})$-bounded, where $K_{\ell,\ell}$ is complete bipartite graph. We conjecture that if $G$ is any $C_4$-free graph then $\chi_{_{\sf FF}}(G)\geq \delta(G)+1$. We prove the validity of this conjecture for chordal graphs, complement of bipartite graphs and graphs with low minimum degree.
Speech Emotion Recognition via Multi-Level Attention Network

Aiming to improve the performance of human speech emotion recognition (SER), the existing work has made great progress based on the popular mel-scale frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC). However, the existing work rarely pays attention to the low-level emotion related features in MFCC, such as the underlying interactive relations. In this letter, we propose a novel multi-level attention network (MLAnet), which contains a multi-scale low-level feature (MLF) extractor and a multi-unit attention (MUA) module. Within the MLF extractor, we minimize the task-irrelevant information which harms the performance of SER by applying the attention mechanism. Since the features extracted by the MLF extractor contain rich domain-specific emotion information, we further present a MUA module to simultaneously weight the features in terms of time, frequency and channel dimensions. In this way, the discriminative emotion features in different dimensions can be extracted by corresponding weighting blocks. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art approaches.
Directed Path-Decompositions

Many of the tools developed for the theory of tree-decompositions of graphs do not work for directed graphs. In this paper we show that some of the most basic tools do work in the case where the model digraph is a directed path. Using these tools we define a notion of a directed blockage in a digraph and prove a min-max theorem for directed path-width analogous to the result of Bienstock, Roberston, Seymour and Thomas for blockages in graphs. Furthermore, we show that every digraph with directed path width $\geq k$ contains each arboresence of order $\leq k + 1$ as a butterfly minor. Finally we also show that every digraph admits a linked directed path-decomposition of minimum width, extending a result of Kim and Seymour on semi-complete digraphs.
Rokhlin dimension for compact quantum group actions

We show that, for a given compact or discrete quantum group G, the class of actions of G on C*-algebras is first-order axiomatizable in the logic for metric structures. As an application, we extend the notion of Rokhlin property for G-C*-algebra, introduced by Barlak, Szabo, and Voigt in the case when G is second countable and coexact, to an arbitrary compact quantum group G. All the the preservations and rigidity results for Rokhlin actions of second countable coexact compact quantum groups obtained by Barlak, Szabo, and Voigt are shown to hold in this general context. As a further application, we extend the notion of equivariant order zero dimension for equivariant *-homomorphisms, introduced in the classical setting by the first and third authors, to actions of compact quantum groups. This allows us to define the Rokhlin dimension of an action of a compact quantum group on a C*-algebra, recovering the Rokhlin property as Rokhlin dimension zero. We conclude by establishing a preservation result for finite nuclear dimension and finite decomposition rank when passing to fixed point algebras and crossed products by compact quantum group actions with finite Rokhlin dimension.
Untwisting algebras with van den Bergh duality into Calabi-Yau algebras

Jake Goodman and Ulrich Kr\"ahmer have recently shown that a twisted Calabi-Yau algebra $A$ with modular automorphism $\sigma$ and dimension $d$ can be "untwisted," in the sense that the Ore extensions $A[X;\sigma]$ and $A[X^{\pm1};\sigma]$ are Calabi-Yau algebras of dimension $d+1$. In this note we show that this in fact extends more generally to the case where we start with an algebra with van den Bergh duality.
Fractional Fokker-Planck equation

This paper deals with the long time behavior of solutions to a "fractional Fokker-Planck" equation of the form $\partial_t f = I[f] + \text{div}(xf)$ where the operator $I$ stands for a fractional Laplacian. We prove an exponential in time convergence towards equilibrium in new spaces. Indeed, such a result was already obtained in a $L^2$ space with a weight prescribed by the equilibrium in \cite{GI}. We improve this result obtaining the convergence in a $L^1$ space with a polynomial weight. To do that, we take advantage of the recent paper \cite{GMM} in which an abstract theory of enlargement of the functional space of the semigroup decay is developed.
Continuity of LF-algebra representations associated to representations of Lie groups

Let G be a ﬁnite-dimensional Lie group, and let E be a locally convex topological G -module.If E issequentiallycomplete,then E andthespace E ∞ ofsmoothvec-tors are C ∞ c ( G ) -modules, but the module multiplication need not be continuous. The pathology can be ruled out if E is (or embeds into) a projective limit of Banach G -modules. Moreover, in this case E ω (the space of analytic vectors) is a module for the algebra A ( G ) ofsuperdecayinganalyticfunctionsintroducedbyGimperlein,Kr¨otz,and Schlichtkrull. We prove that E ω is a topological A ( G ) -module if E is a Banach space or, moregenerally,ifeverycountablesetofcontinuousseminormson E hasanupperbound. Thesameconclusionisobtainedif G hasacompactLiealgebra.Thequestionofwhether C ∞ c ( G ) and A ( G ) are topological algebras is also addressed.
A Common Generalization to Theorems on Set Systems with $\mathcal{L}$-intersections

In this paper, we provide a common generalization to the well-known Erdős-Ko-Rado Theorem, Frankl-Wilson Theorem, Alon-Babai-Suzuki Theorem, and Snevily Theorem on set systems with $\mathcal{L}$-intersections. As a consequence, we derive a result which strengthens substantially the well-known theorem on set systems with $k$-wise $\mathcal{L}$-intersections by F$\ddot{u}$redi and Sudakov [J. Combin. Theory, Ser. A (2004) 105: 143-159]. We will also derive similar results on $\mathcal{L}$-intersecting families of subspaces of an $n$-dimensional vector space over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$, where $q$ is a prime power.
Sup norms of Cauchy data of eigenfunctions on manifolds with concave boundary

ABSTRACT We prove that the Cauchy data of Dirichlet or Neumann Δ- eigenfunctions of Riemannian manifolds with concave (diffractive) boundary can only achieve maximal sup norm bounds if there exists a self-focal point on the boundary, i.e., a point at which a positive measure of geodesics leaving the point return to the point. In the case of real analytic Riemannian manifolds with real analytic boundary, maximal sup norm bounds on boundary traces of eigenfunctions can only be achieved if there exists a point on the boundary at which all geodesics loop back. As an application, the Dirichlet or Neumann eigenfunctions of Riemannian manifolds with concave boundary and non-positive curvature never have eigenfunctions whose boundary traces achieve maximal sup norm bounds. The key new ingredient is the Melrose–Taylor diffractive parametrix and Melrose’s analysis of the Weyl law.
Multiperiodic Photonic Crystals for Ultrasensitive Temperature Monitoring and Polarization Switching

We study the influence of thermal expansion and thermo-optic effect on optical properties of finite 1-D three-periodic photonic crystals (PCs) of structure [(ab)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{N}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>(cd)<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{M}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>]<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{K}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> composed of four different nonmagnetic dielectric materials <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${a}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${b}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${d}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. We calculate temperature dependencies and incidence angle dependencies of the transmittivity of TE- and TM-polarized electromagnetic waves, as well as the distribution of energy within these structures. The optimal adjustment of PC bandgap centers for obtaining the desired transmission characteristics of the temperature-governed photonic bandgap structures is found, and the peculiarities of the energy distributions inside the photonic system are investigated. We propose a sensitive thermal polarization TE/TM switch as well as angular and temperature sensors working at the intraband-mode frequencies exploiting temperature effects.
Random currents expansion of the Ising model

Critical behavior at an order/disorder phase transition has been a central object of interest in statistical physics. In the past century, techniques borrowed from many different fields of mathematics (Algebra, Combinatorics, Probability, Complex Analysis, Spectral Theory, etc) have contributed to a more and more elaborate description of the possible critical behaviors for a large variety of models. The Ising model is maybe one of the most striking success of this cross-fertilization, for this model of ferromagnetism is now very well understood both physically and mathematically. In this article, we review an approach, initiated in \cite{GriHurShe70,Aiz82} and based on the notion of random currents, enabling a deep study of the model.
Effects of Vitamin D on the Renin–Angiotensin System and Acute Childhood Pneumonia

Vitamin D promotes kidney calcium reabsorption and regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism, as well as the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and bone mineralization events. Vitamin D is also known for its immunomodulatory properties. It has been shown in the literature that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, performs multiple functions in the adaptive and innate immune system, as well as acting on the endothelial membrane. Recent evidence shows that vitamin D is a negative endocrine modulator of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), with protection from diseases leading to lung damage, such as pneumonia caused by various pathogens. Vitamin D support associated with the use of antibiotics could be crucial to counteract these infectious diseases.