Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Robust Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Economic Development: An Assessment of the Impact of Human Development Index in Middle Income Countries

This study examines the impact of fiscal policy on economic development in disaggregated regional analysis of middle-income countries by using human development index (HDI) as a more comprehensive representation of growth and development, rather than the traditional use of gross domestic product (GDP). The study adopts the ex-post facto research design to enable us use data of 51 middle-income countries in a panel least squares regression. The hypotheses were linearly modeled, and the panel data estimation was adopted under the fixed-effect assumptions. Findings reveal that Government expenditures have a negative and significant effect on the economic development of middle-income countries, while government borrowing, government account balance have a positive and insignificant effect on the economic development of middle-income countries. The study, therefore recommends that governments of middle-income countries should engage in more productive rather than unproductive expenditures, and also try to improve on the mechanisms for the collection of revenue and expenditure to most importantly ensure prudent implementation of the expenditure policy to enhance economic development in their countries.
An alternative energy source for interior accessories - Harvesting vibration energy to power step-in-spline lights

This report describes the development work of examining an alternative way of powering lights within a step-in-spline is. More specifically the purpose of the project was to analyze the possibility of having a piezoelectric energy harvester within the step-in-spline in order to make the system a closed plugand-play product. What became evident during the literature studies was that the current state of piezoelectric development is in a stage where almost every new application requires a custom-tailored solution in order to work within the intended environment. Further the project itself made clear the area of perfecting a piezoelectric solution requires knowledge within a wide range of sub-disciplines. These factors resulted in a project that from the early beginning until the very end had to be balanced between theory and practical testing in order to make the best choices along the development path. The project resulted in a proof-of-principle prototype that shows the potential in having a piezoelectric energy harvesting system implemented within a step-in-spline. The result provides an approximation of how much energy a piezoelectric solution could scavenge from the ambient vibrations that originates from different road conditions when driving a Volvo V60. These ending test-results shows that piezoelectricity is a viable option when designing the power supply of less power demanding electronic components that otherwise proves difficult to power in traditional ways. The project was heavily focused on the step-in-spline, but should be seen as guidance and supporting tool when developing other small scale electronics struggling with power supply issues.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE BEFORE AND AFTER TRAINING AT BANK INDONESIA IN MANADO

Training is a systematic process, which helps people to learn how to be more effective at work by modifying knowledge, skills or attitudes through learning experience to achieve effective performance. The object of case study from this research is Bank Indonesia in Manado. Research objective is to analyse the differences in employee performance before and after training. Variables which have been used in this research are: quality/ quantity of work, planning/ organizing, initiative/ commitment, teamwork/ cooperation and communication. This study applies with c omparative method using p aired s ample t-test to verify and to prove the research hypothesis. The numbers of respondent are 40 employees who already follow the training. The result shows that quality/ quantity of work, planning/ organizing, initiative/ commitment, teamwork/ cooperation and communication giving a significant difference in employee performance before and after training at Bank Indonesia in Manado. The training program is one of the valuable systems as a way to improve employee performance. Therefore, management of Bank Indonesia also needs to increase the effectiveness of training and enhance the variety of the material and module that would be given in the training program. Keywords: training, employee performance
Engine Distress Detection in Gas Turbines With Electrostatic Sensors

Failures in gas turbines such as fretting at combustor assembly interfaces, blade rub, Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) spalling, minor amounts of domestic or foreign object damage can be detected by mechanical vibration or gas turbine performance degradation, but it is usually too late for damage control by the time the failure is significant enough to be detected with these methods. Electrostatic charge sensors present a potential method for identifying the failure modes at an earlier stage before significant damage has occurred. In a gas turbine, there are potentially two sources of electrostatic charge in the exhaust gas flow stream: ionized plasma that is a natural byproduct of high temperature combustion, and any form of debris that has originated either in the compressor, combustor, or turbine sections of the gas turbine engine as a result of vibration or fatigue. For this reason, the electrostatic charge monitor becomes a very useful device for monitoring both combustion performance problems as well as potential damage related to debris in the exhaust stream. Electrostatic sensing technology has been proven to work in detecting ingested debris and engine debris on aerospace jet engines. However, the use of the sensors in industrial applications has shown that much research is still required especially in the areas of sensor placement and failure identification. This paper discusses results from testing conducted to identify the optimal placement location for the electrostatic charge sensors in a gas turbine exhaust stream. The results are presented for various sensor locations on small (112 kW) and medium (1.185 MW) frame gas turbines to evaluate distance, velocity, radial location, and gas turbine geometry effects. These tests are completed with the gas turbine ingesting varying amounts of TBC upstream of the compressor and administering power level changes to the gas turbine. The results of this experimental program demonstrate a clear sensitivity to sensor placement along the exhaust duct of a gas turbine as well as the radial location. There are variations in the particle flow pathlines in the exhaust duct at different gas turbine operating conditions. These variations influence the sensors response. Best results are obtained when the sensors are placed at the location with the fastest and hottest exhaust gas. Multiple sensors may be required to obtain comprehensive coverage for practical event detection.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Single Axis Automatic Solar Tracking System Using Microcontroller

Solar power generation had been employed as a renewable energy for years ago. Residents that uses solar power as their alternative power supply will bring benefits to them. The main objective of this paper is to develop a microcontroller-based solar panel tracking system which will keep the solar panels aligned with the Sun in order to maximize in harvesting solar power. When the intensity of light is decreasing, this system automatically changes its direction to get maximum intensity of light.Light dependent photo resistors are used as the sensors of the solar tracker. For rotating the appropriate position of the panel, a steper motor is used. This design is covered for a single axis and is designed for residential use. Finally, the project is able to track and follow the Sun intensity in order to get maximum power at the output regardless motor speed. http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i12. 6742
Digital signatures. Whom do you trust?

This paper describes the current status of the efforts to attribute a level of confidence in the use of public key cryptography especially when used for digital signatures. In particular it focuses on the standardization efforts, both international and national, to define the framework for an infrastructure that allow digital signatures to be used in place of a paper signature for business transactions. That framework encompasses technical, business, and legal issues that must be addressed to enable such electronic commerce. This paper describes the initial definition of a public key certificate (known as X.509), the early efforts to use that definition, and the recent extensions to the definition to address problems found in those early efforts.
Physical layer design of nanoscale silicon photonic interconnection networks

In the continual drive toward improved microprocessor performance, power efficiency has emerged as a prime design consideration. At the chip scale, the trend toward multi-core architectures and chip multiprocessors (CMPs) for driving performance-per-watt via increases in the number of parallel computational cores is dominating new commercial releases. The role of the interconnect and associated global communication infrastructure is becoming central to the chip and ultimately computing system performance. On-chip photonic communication has been recently explored to address the communication requirements in future high-performance CMPs. We have developed a photonic network simulation environment that uniquely incorporates physical layer silicon photonic device models. We report on the design optimization of the network micro-architecture layout and photonic switching fabric organization. The event-driven network simulator establishes physical layer metrics for the silicon photonic devices and provides a measure of the network performance-per-Watt requirements derived from device characteristics.
Entrepreneurial Leadership in the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSES) Research Context: A Literature Review

The review aims to provide an understanding of the recent concepts in leadership for managing turbulent and dynamic business contexts. The objective of this paper is to disseminate a rigorous understanding of the Entrepreneurial Leadership (EL) concept through a narrative literature review covering definitions, dimensions and trends of recent studies on the topic. The effort expected to encourage more studies on EL and organizational performance within the specific context of the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in developing countries. The discussion uses the narrative or traditional type of literature review. Based on the review, EL is a stimulative type of leadership that inspires towards an entrepreneurial orientation behaviours throughout an entire organization. Entrepreneurial leaders are individuals who, through an understanding of themselves and the contexts in which they work, act on and shape opportunities that create value for their organizations, their stakeholders and the wider society. The EL field is still evolving and there are many areas for future researchers to engage in studying the effects of EL. Currently, research trends on EL can be segregated into two stages. The current trend is now focusing on the 2 nd stage involving empirical studies on the process model related to the effects of EL on small business performance. This study contributes to the existing literature on Entrepreneurial Leadership (EL) that is essential to sustain and re-develop micro and small businesses.
Dual‐band branch‐line coupler with two center‐tapped stubs

A new dual‐band operation scheme is proposed for the branch‐line coupler using two center‐tapped branches. The proposed coupler has two branches with a stub line attached at the center. Only two stubs are required for the dual‐band operation, which reduces the circuit complexity and minimizes the structural change from the conventional branch‐line coupler. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3136–3139, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23924
A large-signal equivalent circuit model for substrate-induced drain-lag phenomena in HJFETs

A large-signal HJFET model is developed for drain-lag phenomena caused by deep traps beneath the channel. The model is based on the self-backgating and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) statistics. It is shown by two-dimensional (2D) device simulation that electron capture in deep traps is much faster than electron emission under large-signal conditions; therefore, drain current exhibits different responses for rising and falling steps of applied voltage. In the circuit model, electron capture and emission in deep traps are expressed by a parallel circuit consisting of a diode and a resistor, which are physically deduced from SRH statistics. The model agrees well with the 2D simulation results and experimental current-transient data for large-signal voltage steps. In addition, this model accurately describes small-signal drain-conductance dispersion and temperature effects on the trapping phenomena.
Fire protection in telecommunication facilities

The telecommunications industry is one of the fastest growing industries on the planet, with some analysts estimating the current annual world market to be approximately $750 billion. Telecommunications companies worldwide have spent billions of dollars to ensure that voice, data and video routes operate reliably, and of primary concern to these providers is the minimization of service disruptions. Fire is one of several possible causes of service interruption in telecommunication facilities. This paper describes the telecommunications network, its associated fire hazards, and the application of clean agent fire suppression agents, specifically HFC‐227ea, in the protection of such facilities.
Application of PML to Analysis of Dam-Reservoir-Foundation System with Cavitation Using Mixed Formulation

Convolution PML is known to have excellent wave absorbing capability, and has been used combined with FDM and FEM. Most of them are splitting type formulation for explicit FEM or FDM. Here implicit non-splitting type convolution PML procedures consistent with mixed formulation FEM as well as displacement based FEM are developed. The resulting coefficient matrices for convolution PML are symmetric if corresponding coefficient matrices of FEM are symmetric. The developed method is applied to dam-reservoir-foundation systems including reservoir cavitation, and the validity of the method is demonstrated.
Vice : an interface designed for complex engineering software : an application of virtual reality

Concurrent Engineering has been taking place within the manufacturing industry for many years whereas the construction industry has until recently continued using the 'over the wall' approach where each task is completed before the next began. For real concurrent engineering in construction to take place there needs to be true collaborative working between client representatives, construction professionals, suppliers and subcontractors. The aim of this study was to design, develop and test a new style of user interface which promotes a more intuitive form of interaction than the standard desktop metaphor based interface. This new interface has been designed as an alternative for the default interface of the INTEGRA system and must also promote enhanced user collaboration. By choosing alternative metaphors that are more obvious to the user it is postulated that it should be possible for such an interface to be developed. Specific objectives were set that would allow the project aim to be fulfilled. These objectives are outlined below: To gain a better understanding of the requirements of successful concurrent engineering particularly at the conceptual design phase. To complete a thorough review of the current interfaces had to take place including any guidelines on how to create a "good user interface". To experience many of the collaboration systems available today so that an informed choice of application can be made. To learn the relevant skills required to design, produce and implement the interface of choice. To perform a user evaluation of the finished user interface to improve overall usability and further streamline the concurrent conceptual design. The user interface developed used a virtual reality environment to create a metaphor of an office building. Project members could then coexist and interact within the building promoting collaboration and at the same time have access to the remaining INTEGRA tools. The user evaluation proved that the Virtual Integrated Collaborative Environment (VICE) user interface was a successful addition to the INTEGRA system. The system was evaluated by a substantial number of different users which validates this finding. The user evaluation also provided positive results from two different demographics concluding that the system was easy, intuitive to use with the necessary functionality. Using metaphor based user interfaces is not a new concept. It has become standard practise for most software developers. There are arguments for and against these types of user interfaces. Some advanced users will argue that having such an interface limits their ability to make full use of the applications. However the majority of users do not come within this bracket and for them, metaphor based user interfaces are very useful. This is again evident from the user evaluation.
Motion-Estimation-Drive Fabric Dynamic Simulation

This paper proposes an approach to improve the reality effect of fabric dynamic simulation based on mass-spring model. The major problem encountered in fabric dynamic simulation is the difficulty to determine the characteristic of material and the changes of deformation force. To solve this problem, feature points motion constraints are introduced into the mass-spring model. This paper also establishes a framework of an approach to recover feature points motion based on non-rigid motion trajectory representation model. Then the recovered 3D estimation of the fabric feature points are used to adjust the simulation computing process of the mass-spring model, and simulation results with good reality are obtained. The experimental results for fabric dynamic simulation demonstrate the feasibility of improving the reality effect by the proposed motion-estimation-drive approach.
Temperature gradient sensor from pulsed power supply duty cycle in ultra-low-power energy harvesting system

Directly interfacing sensors that link sensors to micro-controllers without a signal conditioning circuit or an analogue-to-digital converter on the one side and energy harvesting systems on the other side are two key enabling technologies to create self-powered autonomous low-cost and low-maintenance sensor networks. In this reported work, both technologies are concurrently combined in such a way that the duty cycle of the pulsed power supply provided by the harvesting system itself yields in turn a temperature gradient sensor functionality. Originally conceived to power a low-power satellite beacon in a CubeSat project, it has found application, among other applications, in automatic air conditioning and heating systems aiming smart buildings.
Segmentation of MR Brain Image using Multi Atlas Matching Technique

Detection of brain tumor from Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) image has become one of the most active researches in the field of medical image processing. Segmentation and Detection of tumor play a major role in biomedical imaging. In this research, tumor segmentation process is done with MR brain image. The proposed method contain image pre processing, image enhancement using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and segmentation with multi atlas matching and detection of tumor. The proposed work segment the tumor region precisely from the MR brain image. The experimental result gives an average of 0.85 Dice Similarity Co efficient (DSC), which indicates that the proposed method is efficient in segmentation and detection of the tumor region from the MR brain image
DLC programs for electric vehicle charging

The presence of electric vehicles (EVs) on the market will increase in the next decades, which will require the generation of more electricity and the development of the current power system in order to prevent overloading of electric system components and other problems. To avoid further degradation due to the loading conditions of distribution transformers at peak load time, smart charging scenarios for EVs (which consist of dispatching charging operations) associated with direct load control (DLC) actions are proposed in this paper.
Improving Construction Supply Network Visibility by Using Automated Materials Locating and Tracking Technology

The accumulation of material buffers is commonly perceived within the construction industry as an effective means of shielding a project from the risks associated with uncertainty in the supply network. Much of the uncertainty arises out of a lack of visibility throughout the construction supply network, in which visibility refers to the level of awareness of the overall state of the supply network. The integration of Automated Materials Locating and Tracking Technologies (AMLTT) within the construction supply network presents a viable solution to this problem. This article presents the results of an investigation that examined the potential for AMLTT to increase work opportunities at the site level as a result of increased supply-network visibility and in turn reduce the dependency on material buffers. The investigation was completed by using a modeling and simulation approach grounded on a solid foundation of field data and experience. The results presented here are increasingly important as leaders in other industry sectors are beginning to report tangible benefits as a result of increased supply-network visibility as a result of the integration of AMLTT within their organizations’ supply networks.
Privacy Types

The right to privacy is one of the most problematic rights. In the absence of any consensus on a clear theoretical basis for the concept of privacy; there is hardly a link, reliable, between the various issues and topics, which are included under this right. Privacy claims are used to defend rights that seem quite divergent, such as the right not to be monitored by phone calls, and the right to know what a telecom company keeps of personal data for its customers. The absence of a clear theoretical basis for the right to privacy is exacerbated by the fact that it is exposed to multiple dangers in the era of the massive expansion of the use of the Internet and the development of its applications. The actuality of material, described in the article, conditioned the urgent necessities of society simply to settle a question about privacy types and their appliance in the society. Theoretical and legal conversations about the relationship between taws and privacy were investigated in the article. This paper makes a contribution to a forward-looking privacy framework by examining the privacy impacts of six new and emerging technologies. It examines the privacy issues that each of these technologies present and contends that there are seven distinct sorts of privacy. This contextual investigation data propose that a loose conceptualization of privacy might be important to keep up a smoothness that empowers new measurements of privacy to be identified, that will be understood and addressed so as to adequately react to quick technological evolution.
Frequency chirp reduction in a 2.2 Gbit/s directly modulated InGaAsP semiconductor laser by CW injection

Longitudinal-mode linewidth broadening due to frequency chirping in a high-speed modulated InGaAsP laser transmitter is reduced by CW injection of a master laser with a matched longitudinal mode. Biased below threshold and modulated with RZ format 2.2 Gbit/s current pulses, the transmitter laser's frequency chirp can be reduced at the expense of a small pulsewidth increase and on/off ratio reduction.