Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barley Straw Combined with Urea and Controlled-Release Nitrogen Fertilizer Improves Lint Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Field-Seeded Cotton

Straw returning is an important method of improving soil fertility and reducing environmental pollution. Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRN) is regarded as an effective way to reduce nitrogen (N) loss and increase N-use efficiency and crop yield. In order to determine the combined effects of straw management (straw removal and straw returning) and N-fertilization strategy (CK (no N), urea, CRN, and a mixture of urea and CRN (UC)) on lint yield, N utilization, and soil properties at harvest of field-seeded cotton, field experiments were conducted from 2018 to 2019. The results demonstrated that the lint yield was the highest with a combination of straw returning and UC, increasing by 4.2–46.9% over other combinations. Straw returning combined with UC facilitated biomass-accumulation and N-uptake from squaring to the boll-opening growth stage, contributing to higher N-agronomic-use efficiency and apparent recovery-use efficiency. Moreover, regardless of the straw management, CRN or UC treatment increased the soil microbial N content and sucrase activity at harvest compared to urea or CK treatment. In summary, straw returning combined with UC was beneficial to the lint yield, N utilization, and soil N availability, which might be an optimizing strategy for field-seeded cotton.
Clinical Case of a 36-Year-Old Man with Treatment-Resistant Paranoid Schizophrenia: Personalized Therapy Selection

Schizophrenia is a common and socially significant mental disorder that requires longterm use of antipsychotics (APs). Long-term use of APs increases the risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and/or therapeutic resistance in some patients. This may be due to a genetically determined impairment of APs metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and of Aps transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the cell membrane of APs target neurons in the brain. Pharmacogenetic testing (PGx) is a method to identify a group of patients with a high risk of developing AP-induced ADRs. The aim of the case report is to present the experience of using PGx in a 36-year-old patient with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and a medical history of AP-induced ADRs.
Assessing Organizational Aspects of Human Reliability in Air Traffic Control Using Systems Theory

Abstract Managing complexity in an ATC environment is fundamental to improving safety and reducing human error. While there have been several studies focusing on human error in ATC systems, this paper proposes a new framework for assessing human error. It proposes a systems view for understanding an Air Traffic Control system (ATC) from the perspective of human reliability and safety of ATC system. In particular it uses two models which are based on systems theory. These models are the Viable System Model (VSM) and the Connectionism Assessment of Human Reliability (CAHR) model. This combination consists of an investigation of ATC system failures caused by either human error or the organizational structure/context in which people work and a modeling of an organization on different layers of abstraction. A qualitative and quantitative analysis is performed by using the VSM and the CAHR respectively.
Levels and ecological risk assessment of mineral and heavy metals in soils around Nasara Fertilizer Blending Plant, Lafia, Nigeria

Fertilizer introduction in the right elemental proportion based on plants' nutritional needs has contributed positively to crop production. On the other hand, the leakages during fertilizer blending have contributed to excessive mineral nutrients and traces of heavy metals in the environment. These leakages contaminate water bodies or get into the food chain and bio-cumulate in tissues of living organisms with detrimental effects. This study assessed the impact of fertilizer blending on the level of some mineral and heavy metals in soils around the industrial layout using MP-AES, pollution indices in terms of the geo-accumulation index and contamination factor. The results revealed all of the mineral and heavy metals were detected in the soil in the order of abundance: Fe (10560.77±8.00 mg/kg), P (5252.17±36.15 mg/kg), K (1834.53±13.74 mg/kg), Mg (593.99±13.75 mg/kg), Mn (335.18±1.63 mg/kg), Zn (205.96±1.18 mg/kg), Pb (20.08±0.19 mg/kg) and Cd (6.51±0.06 mg/kg). There was a significant difference in soil quality, mineral and heavy metal content between the test and control soil samples (P < 0.05). The geo-accumulation index showed moderate contamination by phosphorus and strong to extreme contamination by cadmium. The contamination factor showed the soil is moderately contaminated with zinc and lead, considerably contaminated with phosphorus but highly contaminated with cadmium, a very toxic element that distributes so easily in soil and plant tissues. Hence, consumption of crops, fruits and vegetables from the area may likely be at risk. Regular monitoring and effective clean up are recommended.
Improved method to calculate the high-frequency eddy currents distribution and loss in windings composed of round conductors

With the switching frequency of power electronic devices increasing rapidly, the high-frequency loss in windings is becoming significant. The one-dimensional (1D) Dowell's method and 2D Ferreira's method are the most accepted methods used for winding loss calculation. Ferreira's method is used to calculate high-frequency loss in windings composed of round conductors. In this study, this method is modified and supplemented with a component called intra-layer proximity effect loss by considering the interaction between conductors in the same layer. The improved model gives much accurate prediction of 2D eddy current distribution in the cross-section of a round conductor with a wider band of frequency than Ferreira's method. On the basis of the eddy current distribution, the AC-to-DC winding resistance ratio is derived. The results of the improved method are verified by finite element method, and the error of loss calculation is <;0.6% when skin effect and proximity effect are very significant.
DARCAS: Dynamic Association Regulator Considering Airtime Over SDN-Enabled Framework

The massive influx of mobile devices and their increasing use in recent years have resulted in the overprovision of access points (APs) in networks. Unlike in residential environments, network administrators in enterprises and universities make every endeavor to enhance the user experience (UX) of WiFi networks where the network dynamics (e.g., traffic load and user mobility) are usually unexpected. To this end, an existing mechanism for WiFi association is client driven, i.e., users associate themselves to the AP with higher signal strength. However, they still incur dissatisfaction due to the insufficient available bandwidth. To cope with this in a centralized manner, we propose DARCAS, a software-defined network (SDN)-enabled WiFi framework for association regulation. DARCAS adopts a notion of bandwidth satisfaction ratio (BSR), which is closely related to UX. It maximizes the aggregated network throughput while satisfying the BSR of each user with sufficient airtime (i.e., channel occupancy time) provision. We use this idea in a metaheuristic genetic algorithm called DARCAS-GA, which effectively finds the suboptimal association distribution of the maximum BSR in polynomial time. We implement the DARCAS system on off-the-shelf wireless routers and an SDN controller. We report real-life experimental results in the considered scenarios and conduct extensive simulations on the NS-3 simulator to examine its performance with scalability. With fine-tuned settings, DARCAS exhibits up to 80% of the BSR gain compared to existing solutions.
Preparing Teachers for Culturally Responsive/Relevant Pedagogy (CRP): A Critical Review of Research

Context: Proposed more than two decades ago, culturally relevant/responsive teaching or pedagogy (CRP) is one promising approach to transforming the education experience of historically marginalized groups. The development of CRP has since inspired changes in teacher education programs and resulted in considerable research on preparing teachers for CRP. However, critics have argued that much work on CRP has not fulfilled its transformative potential of addressing racism and the white-supremacist foundations underlying teacher education research and practice and have urged CRP research to grow from the existing knowledge base and to innovate. Purpose of Study: This study critically examines the research practices of empirical studies on preparing K-12 preservice teachers for CRP in the United States by merging ideas of research as social practice with critical race theory, critical whiteness studies, and Indigenous epistemologies to argue for research as racialized social practice. The goal is to provide perspectives and lines of research that are true to the radical shifts the original theories called for, yet might not have been fully fulfilled. Research Design: This critical literature review applies the research-as-racialized-social-practice lens to examine how CRP research studies frame problems and research questions, elaborate theoretical frameworks and research methodology, and discuss findings and implications. Our analysis positions CRP research on the research-as-racialized-social-practice continuum, ranging from maintaining the racist status quo to intentionally disrupting it. Findings: Our analysis reveals that dominant research practices—emphasizing the problem of individual deficiencies rather than inequitable systems, employing a research logic focusing on linearity rather than complexity, and lacking in-depth examination of racialized and cultural ways of knowing for both researchers and participants—maintain the inequitable status quo rather than disrupting taken-for-granted assumptions and practices. While we recognize the important work and useful knowledge accumulated by this body of literature over two decades, we urge teacher educators and researchers to stay vigilant and resist research epistemologies and practices that recenter, recycle, and maintain whiteness, perpetuating the racist status quo. Conclusions: We recommend that teacher education researchers can construct research questions capable of generating new knowledge to disrupt racial injustice; utilize and further develop critical theoretical frameworks that sufficiently attend to various aspects of race and racism in teaching, learning, and society, and are meaningfully linked to disruptive research methodologies; and, finally, attend clearly to the ability of research to disrupt the racist status quo within their findings and implications.
An extensive review on energy management system for microgrids

ABSTRACT Microgrids, a scaled-down version of utility grids, are gaining attention in the last decades. The distinct features of microgrids such as the utilization of renewable energy resources and elimination of power transmission requirements made them an inevitable area of research in the power sector. The intermittent nature of the distributed generation resources and the need for improvising the economic feasibility of the microgrid made the energy management of microgrids as an inexorable research paradigm. Using recent literature, the Energy Management Systems (EMS) developed for microgrids is reviewed based on the aspects of EMS and the optimization techniques used in the EMS framework. An extensive analysis of literature on microgrid EMS based on four categorizations, namely, the optimization techniques used, type of grid considered, mode of microgrid operation (grid-connected or islanded), and software/solvers used as a platform for solving the EMS problems, is presented. The components of the microgrid test system considered such as energy resources and storage systems are also reviewed later. The meta-heuristic methods are found to be the mostly used (nearly 33% of literature) optimization technique. The objective of the optimization model majorly focusses on cost minimization (approx. 62% of literature) and is of multi-objective nature. For the purpose of distributed generation, the Photovoltaics (PV) (approx. 27%) and Wind turbine (WT) (approx. 19.5%) is the most preferred source whilst batteries (approx. 67%) are the most preferred for storing energy. This article addresses the methods and effective prospects to achieve energy management objectives of the microgrid and concludes with futuristic insights.
STUDY ON SNOW COVER CHANGE BASED ON THE FUSION OF SENTINEL-2 AND MODIS IMAGES

Abstract. Snow cover is one of the features that change rapidly on the surface, and remote sensing data with high spatial and temporal resolution is an important means to monitor the dynamic changes of snow. However, due to the limitation of satellite conditions, it is difficult to acquire remote sensing images with both high temporal and spatial resolution at the same time. The classical Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) breaks through the limitations of a single sensor and effectively brings into play the complementary advantages of different observation platforms. In this paper, we take the Babao River Basin within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the study area to investigate the effect of fusion of Sentinel-2 and MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) based on the ESTARFM and analyze the fusion-supplemented snow accumulation period data. The results show that the fusion effect of Sentinel-2 and MODIS is good in terms of visual and multiple quantitative indicators. The snow accumulation area of the fused image is also close to the real image. By fusing to supplement the missing Sentinel-2 data, a variation map of snow NDSI (Normalized Difference Snow Index) in the study area was obtained. It was found that the snowfall process in the watershed appeared first in the surrounding uplands and then in the flat areas, and the maximum rate of snow cover area change was 116.17 km2. Therefore, the spatiotemporal data fusion of Sentinel-2 and MODIS based on ESTARFM algorithm can provide reliable satellite remote sensing data with a higher spatiotemporal resolution for snow accumulation change monitoring.
Effect of Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Zaire Ebola Virus Vaccination on Ebola Virus Disease Illness and Death, Democratic Republic of the Congo

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess the effect vaccination with the live-attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus vaccine had on deaths among patients who had laboratory-confirmed Ebola virus disease (EVD). We included EVD-positive patients coming to an Ebola Treatment Center in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo during 2018–2020. Overall, 25% of patients vaccinated before symptom onset died compared with 63% of unvaccinated patients. Vaccinated patients reported fewer EVD-associated symptoms, had reduced time to clearance of viral load, and had reduced length of stay at the Ebola Treatment Center. After controlling for confounders, vaccination was strongly associated with decreased deaths. Reduction in deaths was not affected by timing of vaccination before or after EVD exposure. These findings support use of preexposure and postexposure recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus vaccine as an intervention associated with improved death rates, illness, and recovery time among patients with EVD.
The Complexity of the Arterial Blood Pressure Regulation during the Stress Test

In this study, two categories of persons with normal and high ABP are subjected to the bicycle stress test (9 persons with normal ABP and 10 persons with high ABP). All persons are physically active men but not professional sportsmen. The mean and the standard deviation of age is 41.11 ± 10.21 years; height 178.88 ± 0.071 m; weight 80.53 ± 10.01 kg; body mass index 25.10 ± 2.06 kg/m2. Machine learning algorithms are employed to build a set of rules for the classification of the performance during the stress test. The heart rate, the JT interval, and the blood pressure readings are observed during the load and the recovery phases of the exercise. Although it is obvious that the two groups of persons will behave differently throughout the bicycle stress test, with this novel study, we are able to detect subtle variations in the rate at which these changes occur. This paper proves that these differences are measurable and substantial to detect subtle differences in the self-organization of the human cardiovascular system. It is shown that the data collected during the load phase of the stress test plays a more significant role than the data collected during the recovery phase. The data collected from the two groups of persons are approximated by Gaussian distribution. The introduced classification algorithm based on the statistical analysis and the triangle coordinate system helps to determine whether the reaction of the cardiovascular system of a new candidate is more pronounced by an increased heart rate or an increased blood pressure during the stress test. The developed approach produces valuable information about the self-organization of human cardiovascular system during a physical exercise.
Sex-Based Differences in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome and the Effect of Cam Deformity Location on the Extent of Labral Tearing: A 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography Study

Background: Sex-specific quantification of cam morphology in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome may improve diagnostics, surgical planning, and outcomes. Purpose: To (1) examine differences between men and women with symptomatic cam deformities based on deformity location, magnitude, and extent; (2) assess the association between cam deformity and labral pathology; and (3) evaluate the relationship between cam deformity and patient-reported outcome measures after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans were acquired in 98 consecutive patients before hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Custom software was used to generate 3-dimensional bone models and align them to a standard coordinate system. The alpha angle was measured at the 12-, 1-, 2-, and 3-o’clock positions, with 12 and 3 o’clock corresponding to the superior and anterior aspects of the femur, respectively. These alpha angle measurements were used to define the cam midpoint and extent. The labral tear midpoint and extent were evaluated intraoperatively. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to evaluate the association between the cam and labral tear midpoints and between the extent of the cam morphology and labral tearing. Results: The 3-dimensional models were analyzed in a cohort of 69 female and 29 male patients. Male patients were older (mean ± SD, 38.9 ± 12.6 vs 30.7 ± 12.2 years, P = .006) and had a greater body mass index (27.8 ± 4.4 vs 25.3 ± 5.6 kg/m2, P = .005). Male patients had greater alpha angle measures at 12, 1, and 3 o’clock (P < .05) and a greater maximum alpha angle (69.0° ± 18.8° vs 62.1° ± 21.0°, P = .031); the location of their maximum cam impingement was also significantly different (P < .05) when compared with female patients. Cam impingement (2:06 ± 1:09 vs 1:33 ± 1:16 clockfaces, P = .032) and labral tearing (3:02 ± 0:35 vs 2:34 ± 0:53 clockfaces, P = .003) in men extended over a greater region of the femoral clockface when compared with women. Significant correlations were demonstrated between the cam and labral tear midpoint locations (r = 0.190, P = .032) and the extent of the cam deformity and labral tearing (r = 0.203, P = .024). There were no sex-based differences in patient-reported outcome measures at baseline or 2-year follow-up. Conclusion: Male patients possessed greater cam deformity magnitude and extent when compared with female patients. Cam pathomorphology was associated with the location and extent of labral tearing.
Influence of Different Sol-gel Spin Coating Speed on Memristive Behaviour of Pt/TiO2/ZnO/ITO Device

Composite titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates using sol-gel spin coating technique. The electrical and physical characterizations of three different sol-gel spin coating speed were investigated using two-probe current-voltage (I-V) measurement, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and surface profiler (SP) respectively. The I-V measurement results showed the pinched hysteresis loop for every single of devices thus indicate that all the devices are memristive. ROFF/RON ratio which was defined from the hysteresis loop of device with higher spin speed was slightly higher compared to others.
Carbon Dioxide Levels and Summertime Ventilation Rates in UK Schools

Abstract Measurements of metabolic carbon dioxide concentration made in four classrooms in two schools are reported for both occupied and unoccupied periods. Measurements were taken for approximately one week in each classroom during the unheated season and the time-varying ventilation rates estimated. The results of the experiments show CO2 concentrations that are far beyond the guideline value of 1000 ppm (the maximum concentration during the occupied period was 3756 ppm). Calculated air supply rates vary from unacceptably low levels, to rates that are in line with guidance. The occurrence of periods with acceptable supply rates, and the rates found during purge ventilation, show that the surveyed classrooms have the potential to provide adequate fresh air. Inaccessible windows and ventilation openings, combined with lack of guidance on when and how to apply ventilation seems to be the primary reason for poor ventilation outside the heating season.