Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RIS-aided Media Based Modulation

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology and media based modulation (MBM) are promising physical layer techniques in wireless communication. While RIS uses electronically tunable surfaces in the far field of the transmit antenna(s) for the purpose of beamforming towards the receiver of interest, MBM uses such surfaces in the near field for the purpose of modulation. Both RIS and MBM offer improved communication performance at low radio-frequency (RF) hardware complexity. In this paper, we investigate MBM aided by RIS and show interesting performance results. We develop the system model for an RIS-aided MBM (RIS-MBM) system and analyse its bit error performance through analysis and simulation. For this system, we propose two schemes for optimizing the phases at the RIS, one maximizing the Frobenius norm of the channel and the other maximizing a bound on the achievable rate. We also compare the performance of RIS-aided MBM with that of RIS-aided generalized spatial modulation (RIS-GSM). Our results show that i) the performance of MBM improves with the use of RIS, ii) RIS phase optimization using rate maximization is better compared to that using Frobenius norm maximization, and iii) for a given rate, RIS-aided MBM achieves better performance compared to RIS-aided GSM.
Comparing first spectral moment of Australian English /s/ between straight and gay voices using three analysis window sizes

Men producing /s/ with higher first spectral moment (M1) are more likely to be perceived as gay, yet it is unclear if M1 differs in production. Inconsistent results might be caused by inherent change in M1 over time. Therefore, we explored M1 change over time and tested if the length and location of the analysis window affects results on gay-straight differences. 37 gay and 29 straight male speakers of Australian English produced two /s/ tokens in continuous speech. M1 was extracted in each quarter of /s/ to explore change over time and in three windows: the entire fricative, the mid-50 ms, and the third quarter. Gay and straight men produced lower M1 in the first and last quarters relative to the midpoint. Despite the M1 change over time, we found no effect of analysis window on gay-straight differences, as gay men consistently showed higher M1. The lack of effect of analysis window on M1 is attributed to the overlap between the analysis windows caused by the duration of /s/.
Identifying Transshipment Hubs in a Global Container Shipping Network: An Approach Based on Reinforced Structural Holes

Transshipment hubs are important components of the global container shipping network. Nowadays, hybrid ports are emerging, handling both gateway and transshipment container traffic depending on their significant maritime connectivity. Effectively identifying transshipment hubs, including traditional transshipment hubs with high transshipment incidences and hybrid ports with sufficient transshipment capabilities, is crucial to gain a good understanding of container shipping networks. The method of reinforced structural holes (RSHs) has been introduced from the sociology to detect transshipment hubs at the global level, as it can fully consider the existence of separated cohesive port communities. The results show that the RSH-based approach is feasible to identify those hubs playing the role of bridges across different port communities worldwide, which is demonstrated from the perspective of maritime connectivity. The higher ranked hubs with higher RSH values generally have better maritime connections with ports from various port communities. Several policy implications have been further elaborated for relevant decision makers, such as liner companies and port operators.
Occurrence of pecky rice caused by releases of four species of rice bugs.

宮城 県 で水 田周辺 か ら確 認 され た カ メム シ類 は5科42 種(1)で,斑 点米 の原 因 とな るカ メム シ類(2)は4科 29種 であ る。 この うち発 生量 が多 く,主 要種 とみな され る 4種 の カメ ムシ類 を時期 を変 えて イ ネの 穂 に放 飼 し,斑 点米 の形 成能 力や特 徴 につ い て検 討 し,い くつ か の知 見 が得 られ たの で報告 す る。 試 験方 法 供 試 した カメ ム シ類 は,オ オ トゲ シ ラホ シ カメ ム シ Eysarcoris lewisi Distant (以下 オ オ トゲ と略),ホ ソ ハ リカ メム シ Cletus trisgonus Thunberg (以 下 ホ ソバ リと略),ア カ ス ジ メ ク ラ ガ メ Stenotus rubrovittatus Matsumura (以下 アカ スジ と略),ア カ ヒゲ ホ ソ ミ ドリ メ ク ラガ メTrigonotylus coelestialium Kirkaldy(以 下 ア カヒゲ と略)の4種 であ る。 また,無 放飼 区 も設 定 した。 放飼 試験 は宮 城県 農業 セ ンター内 の 圃 場 で,8月14日 に出穂 したサ サ ニシ キ を用 い た。 出穂 後3日 目に1株 全 ての 穂 を直径18cm× 長 さ45cmの ナ イ ロ ンゴー スの袋 で覆 い,支 柱 で支 えた。 放飼 期 間 は8月21日 か ら8月28日 ま で(以 下8月21日 放 飼 と略),8月28日 か ら9月5日 ま で (以下8月28日 放 飼 と略),9月12日 か ら9月20日 まで(以 下9月12日 放飼 と略),9月18日 か ら9月25日 まで(以 下 9月18日 放 飼 と略)で,そ れ ぞ れ の イネ の熟 期 は,乳 熟 期,糊 熟期,黄 熟期 及 び成熟 期 で あ った 。 放 飼 終 了時 に MPP乳 剤 を散 布 して放 飼 虫 を除 去 した。 ナイ ロ ンゴ ー ス は刈 り取 り時 まで その ままに した。 試験 に使 用 したカ メム シ類 は放 飼2~3日 前 に加 美 郡 中新 田町 の転作 牧草 地 か ら掬 い取 っ た 成 虫 で,放 飼 ま で イタ リア ンライ グラス の穂 を与 えた。 放 飼 は雌 雄 を区 別 せず に実 施 した。 放飼 虫数 は オオ トゲ,ホ ソハ リが1株 当 た り3頭,ア カ スジ,ア カ ヒゲ は1株 当 た り5頭 と し た。 ただ し,9月12日 放飼 区 の オ オ トゲ は1株 当 た り2 頭,9月18日 放 飼 区の ア カヒゲ は1株 当 た り4頭 と した。 試験 は3反 復 で実施 した。 斑 点米 の調査 は10月2日 に刈 り取 り,自 然 乾 燥 後,1 株 ごとに脱 穀,籾 す りを し,粒 厚1. 8mm以 上 の玄 米 につ い
The lake Chilwa fishing household strategies in response to water level changes: migration, conflicts and co-management

iii DECLARATION . v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi TABLE OF CONTENTS . viii LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF TABLES . xiii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . xv DEDICATION . xviii CHAPTER 1 .
A Deep Web Data Extraction Framework Enhancement Method

The solutions for the data extraction problem are based on an analysis of the HTML DOM trees and the response page tags. These techniques rely highly on HTML specifications, even though they can produce good results. To effectively disclose in-depth online data, this research provides a methodology with two stages to address the problem. To find the user’s text query, the suggested system first performs “normal crawling. ” A method is suggested based on the crawler’s received moved forward weighting work (ITF-IDF) to choose important websites. “data region extraction” is carried out in the second stage to gather data records. The suggested data extractor extracts visual blocks using the blocks’ visual characteristics. According to the suggested technique, the visual blocks should be grouped into similar formats based on format trees and appearance similarity. The visual blocks that will be extracted as information records from the cluster with the highest weight are those that are selected. The test reveals that the system’s suggested outline is superior to earlier information extraction efforts.
Dynamic Noise Injection for Facial Expression Recognition In-the-Wild

Facial expression-based emotion analysis is one of the most important artificial intelligence research fields. However, a lot of works still suffer from the low classification/regression performance caused by overfitting. Therefore, we propose new noise injection techniques to alleviate the overfitting problem on the task of facial expression recognition in the wild. Specifically, both techniques are based on the ResNet-18 architecture, and we periodically or dynamically add feature-level noise into the BN+ReLU unit to learn more robust features. The periodic method needs to probe the optimal hyperparameter with respect to the interval for the noise injection through trials and errors. Therefore, we propose the second method in order to make a dynamic noise injection mechanism work without a non-trivial time-consuming hyperparameter search process. Finally, the performance of the two methods is reported in the experiment. Our experiments on facial expression classification with the AffectNet dataset demonstrated the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Combining Heterogeneous Structures for Event Causality Identification

Event Causality Identification (ECI) is the task of recognizing causal relationship between events mentioned in texts. Due to its applications, ECI has been explored extensively by the Information Extraction community. However, the existing works are limited to either sentence-level ECI or they employ limited word interactions/structures at document level. As such, we propose a novel and effective method to comprehensively model contextual structures for ECI at three different levels, i.e., syntax, semantics, and background knowledge. Specifically, the contextual structures are integrated at different levels of the input encoder. Structure-aware representations are also combined using the graph transformer architecture to induce richer representations for ECI. We extensively evaluate the proposed model on two different benchmark datasets. The experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method by establishing new SOTA performance.
Response surface methodology for the mixed fungal fermentation of Codonopsis pilosula straw using Trichoderma reesei and Coprinus comatus

The objective of this study was to investigate the cellulose degradation rate (CDR) and lignin degradation rate (LDR) of Codonopsis pilosula straw (CPS) and the optimal fermentation parameters for mixed fungal fermentation. Single-factor tests were used to study the effects of the fungal ratio (Trichoderma reesei: Coprinus comatus), fungal inoculum, corn flour content, and fermentation time on the degradation rate of cellulose and lignin. Based on the results of this experiment, the optimal fermentation factors were identified, and the effects of various factors and their interactions on the degradation rates of cellulose and lignin were further evaluated using the response surface method. The quadratic polynomial mathematical model of degradation rates of the cellulose and lignin in CPS by mixed fungus fermentation was established using Design Expert software v8.0. 6. Under the optimal parameters for fungal fermentation of CPS straw (fungal ratio 4:6, fungal inoculum 8%, corn flour content 10%, fermentation time of 15 d), the CDR and LDR reached 13.65% and 10.73%, respectively. Collectively, the mixed fungal fermentation of CPS resulted in decreased lignin and cellulose content, better retention of nutrients, and enhanced fermentation quality. The results of this study indicate that fermentation using Trichoderma reesei and Coprinus comatus is a productive method for straw degradation, providing a theoretical basis for the development of CPS as feed.
Opportunities for research and conservation of freshwater turtles in Australia

Australia's freshwater turtles have high endemicity and many are threatened by extinction. Following a symposium held at the 2022 conference of the Australian Society of Herpetologists, we summarized the current status of research and conservation for Australian freshwater turtles and identified opportunities for future research. Eight species (32%) of Australia's 25 native freshwater turtles are listed as threatened by Australia's Federal Government. Symposium discussions on the primary gaps in research identified the lack of baseline data to inform population modelling as a key deficiency. Knowledge of the most effective conservation actions, the effectiveness of attempts to aid population recovery, and whether these actions are required at all, remains lacking for many species. A heavy bias exists between some well‐studied species compared with others for which little or no information is published. Community science, engagement with First Nations people, advances in technology, and recognition of the importance of turtles are contributing to better knowledge.
How Social Presence Affects Viewers’ Impulse Buying Behavior in Live Streaming Commerce

—This paper mainly studies the influence of consumers’ social presence (social presence of streamers, social presence of viewers, social presence of live streaming platform, telepresence) on impulse buying behavior when watching the live streaming commerce, and explores the mediating effect played by perceived enjoyment and perceived value. Based on the Stimulus Organism Response (SOR) model, survey data from 191 viewers with live streaming buying experience in China were collected by using a survey questionnaire method, and the research hypotheses were tested by using moderated regression analysis and Bootstrapping methods. The study’s findings suggest that the four dimensions of social presence have positive effects on impulse buying behavior. Both perceived enjoyment and perceived value play a partial mediating role in the relationship of “social presence → impulse buying behavior” and there are significant differences between the two intermediary paths. The four dimensions of social presence have differentiated influences on perceived enjoyment, perceived value and impulse buying behavior. The research results of this paper will help streamers and merchants to understand the specific operational path of social presence to promote the emergence of consumer impulse buying behavior, and provide effective marketing suggestions for live streaming commerce companies and managers.
Isolation and Characterization of Enterococcus faecium from Fermented Korean Soybean Paste with Antibacterial Effects

In the present study, a total of eight Enterococcus faecium (OQ940301, OQ940302, OQ940303, OQ940304, OQ940305, OQ940308, OQ940309, and OQ940310) were isolated from soybean paste, a traditional Korean fermented food, and evaluated for their probiotic properties. The results showed that all the E. faecium strains survived in simulated human gastrointestinal conditions (4.1–5.59 log10 CFU/mL). In addition, the range of auto-aggregation was 5–25%, the hydrophobicity was around 94%, and it exhibited significant co-aggregation ability with Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus. However, all the isolates were shown to be resistant to Gentamycin. The bacterial cell-free supernatant showed antibacterial activity against S. enterica, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and S. aureus. Furthermore, E. faecium exhibited potent anti-oxidant activity by scavenging 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals. In addition, safety was confirmed by evaluating the hemolytic activity in blood agar; none of the bacterial isolates showed hemolysis. These results demonstrated that E. faecium (OQ940301 and OQ940309) isolated from soybean paste showed a higher probiotic potential.
The effect of clinical intervention on the speech of individuals with PTSD: features and recognition performances

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can occur as a response to traumatic experiences, such as catastrophic events, and can have a detrimental influence on mental wellbeing. Furthermore, PTSD is present in 5 − 10 % of the population, making it a prevalent disorder in our time, thus necessitating a timely diagnosis and proper treatment. In this paper, we present results for PTSD detection based on speech recordings on a newly collected dataset consisting of 15 participants, including speakers with PTSD and a control group. Moreover, the dataset includes speech data immediately before and after a clinical intervention (i.e., acupuncture-supported psychotherapy), allowing us to examine the effect of a single treatment session. In our experiments, we achieve a best area under the curve (AUC) of 82 % using solely pre-treatment data. Finally, we analyse prominent acoustic patterns of individuals with PTSD compared to the control group.
ALCOHOL-RELATED PROBLEMS IN POLAND, 1950-1981

Driving with a blood alcohol content of 0.2 per mille and over is considered a misdemeanor in Poland. The rate of drinking and driving misdemeanours per 1000 registered vehicles indicates an increase from 1962 to 1966, followed by a decline. The increase in these rates in 1973, in the midst of a general decline, is likely to have resulted from the change in the law. Previously the cases of heavier intoxication while driving (0,5 per mille and more) were considered as crimes. A new regulation which came into effect in 1971 and which made all acts of driving misdemeanours -including those with blood alcohol content of over 0,5 per mille. For fatal accidents the percentage involving alcohol fluctuated from 1954 to 1974, with a high of 26,2% in 1968, and the lowest (15,4%) occurring in 1973. The proportion of injury accidents declined between 1954 and the early 1960s, and since then has been stable until 1974. However, all three proportions demonstrated an increase between 1974 and 1975. The dramatic increase apparent in those in which deaths occurred at the site of the accident or within 30 days. As a result of these changes the general number of accidents declined while the number of fatal accidents and accidents resulting in injury grew. (TRRL) Definition of a fatal accident was changed to include.
A Novel Student Achievement Prediction Method Based on Deep Learning and Attention Mechanism

Student achievement is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of education. It can assess development potential of students and teaching level of lecturers. Predicting student achievement is an important aspect of education data mining, which can help teachers to guide learning process of students to improve student achievement and the quality of education. Existing methods for predicting achievement less focus on the correlation between influencing factors and student achievement, and ignore the influence of different factors on student achievement. Therefore, these models cannot achieve personalized analysis and guidance for students. To address these problems, this paper proposes a student achievement prediction model based on deep learning and attention mechanism (MCAG). The proposed model can study the correlation between various factors and highlight the influence of important factors. Firstly, the correlation between influencing factors and student achievement is analyzed using the maximum information coefficient and to determine the appropriate input parameter dimensions. Then, deep learning is used to extract high-dimensional and temporal features of the data, and the attention mechanism was used to effectively identify the importance of different attribute features for grades. Finally, the model predicts the final grades based on the fused features. The prediction performance of the proposed model has been validated through experiments, and compared with other baseline models, the accuracy of the proposed MCAG model is 94.22%, which indicates that the proposed model can predict student achievement more accurately.
Spatiotemporal Distributions and Related Large-Scale Environmental Conditions of Extreme Rainfall from Tropical Cyclones with Different Tracks and Seasons in Guangxi, South China: A Comparative Climatological Study

This study investigates the main climatological features of extreme precipitation (TCER) induced by tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Guangxi (GX), South China using multiple datasets and a 99th percentile threshold during 1981–2020, with an emphasis on the rainfall diversities of different high-impact TC groups and their associated mechanisms. Results show that there are large regional differences and a seasonal imbalance in the climatological features of TCER in GX. In summer (fall), TCs with TCER events primarily move northward or eastward (northwestward or westward), namely, S-NWTCs and S-ETCs (F-WTCs and F-NWTCs). The rainfall centers exhibit asymmetrical features with S-NWTCs and F-NWTCs located in the northeast quadrant, but S-ETCs and F-WTCs in the southwest and northeast quadrants, respectively. Comparisons of atmospheric circulations and environmental factors indicate that the intense rainfall of F-WTCs is mainly attributed to the trough–TC interaction, which is accompanied by stronger upper-level westerly jet and cold air intrusion, thus increasing baroclinic energy and uplifting for the strongest rainfall among these four groups. This interaction is absent for other groups due to a greater South Asian high and western North Pacific subtropical high. Instead, the increased rainfall in S-NWTCs and F-NWTCs can mainly be attributed to the stronger low-level southwesterly jet, which, in combination with low-level warm advection and convergence induced by land–sea friction, promotes the release of latent heat through moisture condensation. S-ETCs differ from S-NWTCs and F-NWTCs in that moisture convergence is weaker due to the much-weakened TC circulation.
Chinese Dialect Recognition Based on Transfer Learning

Automatic dialect speech recognition is an important branch of speech recognition, but the small number of dialect data samples makes it difficult to train models with good performance. This article proposes a novel transfer learning-based dialect recognition algorithm for Chinese, which can make use of language models and text formats trained on large-scale datasets. Then, for the tone changes of most Chinese dialects, the al-gorithm can target the tone part with small sample datasets to train, thereby utilizing the language models trained on large-scale datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed transfer learning algorithm significantly improves word error rates and also has a certain degree of improvement compared to Mandarin speech recognition.
Land Use Change Modeling in Siak District, Riau Province, Indonesia Using Multinomial Logistic Regression

CHANDRA IRAWADI WIJAYA. Land Use Change Modeling in Siak District, Riau Province, Indonesia Using Multinomial Logistic Regression. Under the supervision of HARTRISARI HARDJOMIDJOJO and LILIK BUDI PRASETYO. Siak District is an enlargement from some parts of Bengkalis District that was established in 1999. The development, that has been conducted so far, has altered land uses which involve land conversion from a type of use to other uses. In this study, land use change modeling has been developed in Siak District that may facilitate the understanding of the process of land use change and its relevant factors in the research site after the enlargement process done completely. Land use change modeling in Siak District has been conducted in order to analyze the land use change during 2002 – 2005 and 2005 – 2008, to develop the land use change scheme of Siak District, to identify the driving factors of land use change and develop the land use change model of Siak District, and to examine the performance of Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) model in modeling the land use change. During 2002 – 2008, Siak District was dominated by Forest land, Cropland and Grassland, whereas Wetlands, Settlements, and Other lands occupied smaller area. Based on the transition probability matrices, Forest land, Cropland, Grassland, Wetland, and Settlement tend to be in stable condition, and only Other lands which changes dynamically. However, the probabilities of each land use to transform into other land uses are also quite significant. In this research, the land use change model has been developed in two scenarios: (1) using all significant variables determined by the MLR model analysis and (2) using observed variables determined by the observation of existing condition in the field. Both scenarios indicate that the final models of land use change in Siak District which were developed using MLR model were good models. The models could explain most of the variability of land use change which happen in the research site. However, the model validations have been conducted spatially for both scenarios indicate that the final model could not fit the actual spatial data layers into the actual condition of land use change 2005 – 2008. Based on the result of model validations, there are some research findings which can be concluded. Land use change model that has been developed by using MLR model is a generalized model of logistic regression. The MLR model forces every land use transitions to be driven by all significant parameters, while in the real condition each land use transition probably has unique combination of parameters which drive its land use transition.