Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studying the Impact of 32-Bits AS Numbers on Constructing Internet AS Graphs

Modeling Internet structure as an autonomous system (AS) graph is considered one of the most common methods to study the Internet. AS-graph is constructed by utilizing ASes from the Internet. The AS number was 16-bit address. It reduced the size of ASes scope in one hand and made the AS graph small and easy to be produced and modeled. However, the number of ASes has exceeded the 16-bits limits. The 32-bit addressing has emerged as a method to tackle this problem. This increasing in the AS number scope converted the AS graph into a massive graph with unpredicted number of ASes. In this paper, we attempt to study the impact of 32-bits addresses on the AS graph. Graph parameters have been utilized to measure this impact. To this end, we have constructed two AS-graphs, a 16-bits-AS graph and a full AS graph. We have compared these graphs according to cluster coefficient, betweenness centrality, node degree and average shortest path. Our results demonstrated that the 32-bits ASes are popular. Moreover, these ASes have an effect on reducing the value of the global cluster coefficient and increasing the average shortest path. We observed that the number of vertexes that connect 16-bits and 32-bits ASes is small and requires more inferring.
The Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI): Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Italian Version

530 SUMMARY Introduction. The Italian version of the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) may help assess shoulder function in patients with shoulder problems, especially athletes. Objective. Translate and cross-culturally adapt UEFI into Italian; verify UEFI validity and reliability in professional and amateur athletes with upper limb musculoskeletal disorders, shoulder, in particular. Methods. This study was conducted with 150 participants with musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb. UEFI, the short version of the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale (Quick DASH), the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index, and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) were administered. Acceptability was assessed in terms of refusal rate, rates of missing responses, and administration time; test-retest reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and validity was assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the UEFI on test and retest were α = 0.979 and α = 0.985, respectively. The average measure ICC was 0.917. The UEFI score demonstrated strong negative correlations with SPADI total score (-0.636), Quick DASH score (-0.685), and SF-36 score (-0.327). Conclusions. The Italian version of UEFI is acceptable, valid, and reliable.
Colon Cancer Diagnosis Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning: Modalities and Analysis Techniques

The treatment and diagnosis of colon cancer are considered to be social and economic challenges due to the high mortality rates. Every year, around the world, almost half a million people contract cancer, including colon cancer. Determining the grade of colon cancer mainly depends on analyzing the gland’s structure by tissue region, which has led to the existence of various tests for screening that can be utilized to investigate polyp images and colorectal cancer. This article presents a comprehensive survey on the diagnosis of colon cancer. This covers many aspects related to colon cancer, such as its symptoms and grades as well as the available imaging modalities (particularly, histopathology images used for analysis) in addition to common diagnosis systems. Furthermore, the most widely used datasets and performance evaluation metrics are discussed. We provide a comprehensive review of the current studies on colon cancer, classified into deep-learning (DL) and machine-learning (ML) techniques, and we identify their main strengths and limitations. These techniques provide extensive support for identifying the early stages of cancer that lead to early treatment of the disease and produce a lower mortality rate compared with the rate produced after symptoms develop. In addition, these methods can help to prevent colorectal cancer from progressing through the removal of pre-malignant polyps, which can be achieved using screening tests to make the disease easier to diagnose. Finally, the existing challenges and future research directions that open the way for future work in this field are presented.
Low-Frequency Ground Vibrations Generated by Debris Flows Detected by a Lab-Fabricated Seismometer

A lab-fabricated ocean bottom seismometer was modified and deployed terrestrially to detect low-frequency (<10 Hz) ground vibrations produced by debris flows. A frequency–response test of the new seismometer revealed that it can detect seismic signals at frequencies of 0.3–120 Hz. Its seismic ground motion detection ability was investigated by comparing its measurements of seismic signals produced by rockfalls with those of a geophone. Two new seismometers were deployed at the Aiyuzi Stream, Nantou County, Taiwan, in September 2012. Seismic signals produced by two local earthquakes, two teleseisms, and three debris flows detected by the seismometer in 2013 and 2014 were discussed. The seismic signal frequencies of the local earthquakes and teleseisms (both approximately 1800 km apart) were 0.3–30 and <1 Hz, respectively. Moreover, seismometer measurements revealed that seismic signals generated by debris flows can have minimum frequencies as low as 2 Hz. Time-matched CCD camera images revealed that debris flow surge fronts with larger rocks have lower minimum frequencies. Finally, because the seismometer can detect low-frequency seismic waves with low spatial decay rates, it was able to detect one debris flow approximately 3 min and 40 s before it arrived.
Pengaruh Habit dan Price Value terhadap Behavioral Intention Penggunaan Dompet Digital: Gender sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study was conducted to see whether habit and price value have a significant influence in influencing behavioral intention to use digital wallets with gender moderation to compare sample characteristics. The number of respondents in this study was 211 and all the sample data were declared valid and reliable. PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA approaches will be used to analyze the research results. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that habit and price value have a significant influence in influencing the intention to use a digital wallet. The results of this study also show that habit is the strongest predictor among exogenous variables that affect endogenous variables. In addition, it was also found that there was no significant difference between females and males in the relationship of exogenous variables to endogenous variables. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat apakah habit dan price value memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam memengaruhi behavioral intention penggunaan dompet digital dengan moderasi gender untuk membandingkan karakteristik sampel. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 211 dan semua data sampelnya dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Pendekatan PLS-SEM dan PLS-MGA akan digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa habit dan price value memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam memengaruhi intensi menggunakan dompet digital. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa habit menjadi prediktor terkuat di antara variabel-variabel eksogen yang memengaruhi variabel endogen. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara wanita dengan pria dari hubungan variabel-variabel eksogen terhadap variabel endogen.
High-speed 3D optical sensing for manufacturing research and industrial sensing applications

This paper presents examples of high-speed 3D optical sensing for research and applications in the manufacturing community. Specifically, this paper will focus on the fringe projection technique as a special technology that can be extremely beneficial to manufacturing applications, given its merits of simultaneous high-speed and high-accuracy 3D surface measurements. This paper will introduce the basic principles of 3D optical sensing based on the fringe projection technique as well as the enabled manufacturing research applications, including both in-situ/in-process monitoring and post-process quality assurance.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular system and is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to a state of oxidative stress which is a major risk factor for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. ROS are important for maintaining vascular health through their potent signalling properties. However, ROS also activate pro-atherogenic processes such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and altered lipid metabolism. As such, considerable efforts have been made to identify and characterise sources of oxidative stress in blood vessels. Major enzymatic sources of vascular ROS include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthases and mitochondrial electron transport chains. The production of ROS is balanced by ROS-scavenging antioxidant systems which may become dysfunctional in disease, contributing to oxidative stress. Changes in the expression and function of ROS sources and antioxidants have been observed in human atherosclerosis while in vitro and in vivo animal models have provided mechanistic insight into their functions. There is considerable interest in utilising antioxidant molecules to balance vascular oxidative stress, yet clinical trials are yet to demonstrate any atheroprotective effects of these molecules. Here we will review the contribution of ROS and oxidative stress to atherosclerosis and will discuss potential strategies to ameliorate these aspects of the disease.
Some physics we can learn from spectroscopy of a-type stars

Stars of spectral type A are distinguished from others by the interesting fact that several physical processes are of equal importance in their outer envelope. The competing processes include diffusion driven by either gravitational settling or radiation pressure, thermal convection driven by partial ionisation of hydrogen and/or helium, their interaction with a global stellar magnetic field in some cases, and large rotation rates or pulsational instabilities in others. Whether one of them dominates over the others is also determined by their initial and present environment. Most of the information on the physics of these processes is obtained from spectroscopy of the surface layers of these stars. In spectroscopic studies of A-stars we can either attempt to obtain a better understanding of the physical processes, if our atomic data are good enough, or alternatively, if the stellar physics provides strong enough constraints, we can learn about atomicphysics: wavelengths, oscillator strengths, pressure broadening, and other quantities which characterise electronic transitions in neutral and ionised atoms within the stellar plasma. Professor Charles R Cowley has made many important contributions to the spectroscopy of A-type stars throughout his research work and he is also very active in this field today. I have enjoyed being able to work with him on this subject on several occasions. In this paper I present an overview as to why the spectroscopy of A-type stars is of interest to both astrophysicists and laboratory spectroscopists, and I will use various opportunities to illustrate the selected topics through contributions made by Professor Cowley to this field.
Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Italy from 2017 to 2020: A Neglected Public Health Issue

Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) includes cutaneous (CL) and mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis; despite being endemic in southern Europe, it is often underdiagnosed and underreported. This study aimed to retrospectively examine data collected from patients with TL in a selected area of northeastern Italy (Emilia-Romagna region, RER). A network of 10 diagnostic units within RER was established, and TL cases diagnosed in RER from 2017 to 2020 were evaluated. A total of 135 TL cases were collected (62% male, 38% female); patients ranged from 1 to 84 years, with a median age of 57. Among these cases, 113 (84%) were notified to the public health authorities. The average annual incidence of TL was 0.76 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Infections were acquired within the RER in 84% of cases; the 113 autochthonous cases were distributed in the foothills areas of the region. We provide evidence of a defined spatial distribution of TL cases in a selected area of northeastern Italy, as well as a relevant number of ML cases. Our observations suggest the need to raise awareness about TL among clinicians and pathologists, promote the molecular confirmation of cases by reference laboratories, and encourage the establishment of surveillance networks for this neglected disease.
Plasmonic effects for light concentration in organic photovoltaic thin films induced by hexagonal periodic metallic nanospheres

We present a plasmonic nanostructure design by embedding a layer of hexagonal periodic metallic nanospheres between the active layer and transparent anode for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. The hybrid structure shows broadband optical absorption enhancement from localized surface plasmon resonance with a weak dependence on polarization of incident light. We also theoretically study the optimization of the design to enhance the absorption up to 1.90 times for a typical hybrid active layer based on a low band gap material.
Ferromagnetism on the unpolished surfaces of single crystal metal oxide substrates

It is shown that a variety of single crystal substrates (Al2O3, LaAlO3, SrTiO3, TiO2, and ZnO), purchased from commercial suppliers, contain a ferromagnetic component to the magnetization in addition to the expected linear magnetic response. This ferromagnetic contribution is only observed on the unpolished surfaces and can be eliminated by either polishing or annealing at 600 °C in air, but not by annealing at 600 °C in a vacuum of 5 × 10−6 Torr. Particle induced x-ray emission spectra demonstrate that there is excess Fe on the unpolished surfaces of these single crystal substrates. While defect related ferromagnetic signals have been reported in some of these substrates, and while our results do not exclude this origin of ferromagnetism, we clearly show that the ferromagnetic signals observed in our samples are largely due to excess iron on the unpolished surfaces, possibly in the form of a mixture of Fe, Fe3O4, and or γ-Fe2O3.
InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors with engineered Schottky barrier heights

An InAlAs/InGaAs/InP metal‐semiconductor‐metal photodetector with engineered Schottky barrier heights has been fabricated. A significant decrease in dark current with no change in the responsivity or the bandwidth was obtained by independently engineering the Schottky barrier heights at the anode and cathode. These photodiodes with an electrode width and spacing of 2 μm exhibited a dark current density of 20.0 fA/μm2 at an applied bias of 5 V. This dark current density is ∼6 times lower than the previously reported minimum.
Testing for a change of the long-memory parameter

SUMMARY Long-range dependence is often observed in long time series. Correlations decay approximately like Ik I2"-2, with H E (0 5, 1), as the lag k tends to infinity. The long-term features of the data are essentially characterised by the parameter H. Small changes of H have strong implications for the long-term behaviour of the process. In particular, rates of convergence of estimators for the mean, and for many other parameters of interest, differ for different values of H. For some data sets, H appears to change with time. In this paper we consider a simple test of the null hypothesis that H is constant. The test is based on a functional central limit theorem for quadratic forms. Critical values for the test statistic are given. Simulations confirm the validity of the test. A data example illustrates its practical application.
Low-field AC susceptibility measurements on monocrystalline erbium

The magnetic properties of monocrystalline erbium have been determined with low-field AC susceptibility measurements between 4.2 and 150 K for different frequencies and magnetic fields with the applied field parallel and perpendicular to the c axis. The real component of the susceptibility shows anomalies at the antiferromagnetic transition (TN=85 K) and at the ferromagnetic transition (TC=19 K) as well as for the basal plane ordering transition at 52 K and for commensurate transitions at 34 and 28 K. The magnetic effects at these transitions are discussed in relation to the results of previous calorimetric measurements on the same crystal. To account for the observed non-zero value of the imaginary part of the susceptibility at the transitions, different loss mechanisms are suggested.
Controllability and reachability criteria for discrete time positive systems

Discrete time positive systems have been the object of widespread interest in the literature. In the last decade particular attention has been devoted to the analysis and characterization of the different notions of reachability and controllability which, in this context, make their appearance. In this paper, the properties of (ordinary and essential) controllability and reachability are analysed. Based on a graph-theoretic approach, we provide practical criteria to verify whether a given positive system (F, G) is endowed with these properties, together with canonical forms for describing reachable/controllable pairs.
Positron scattering by molecular nitrogen

Elastic momentum transfer and rotational excitation cross sections have been calculated for positron scattering by nitrogen molecules. The potential describing the interaction between the molecule and the positron consists of static and distortion contributions. The latter is of the Temkin type and results are presented for positron scattering by neon and argon, as well as molecular nitrogen, to show that this approximation may be qualitatively correct for positron energies greater than 2 eV. Wavefunctions and potentials are of single-centre form and the associated convergence problems are fully discussed.
Data science applied to environmental sciences

In recent years, immense amounts of data have been generated, from sensors to purchase transaction records, mobile GPS signals, digital satellite images, and social media. The raise of data collection has brought the need for quantitative minded professionals able to transform that data into information and decision making. In this opinion piece, we will share some of our views and experiences about the general role that data science plays nowadays, with a special interest in the field of environmetrics. We will include a limited number of examples that highlight the usefulness of data science in environmetrics, and a specific illustration of the behavior of the wildfires in Brazil between January and December of 2021.
Residual Distribution Method for Aeroacoustics

This article deals with the discretization of linearized Euler equations by multidimensional upwind residual distribution methods. Linearized Euler equations are applied to model the propagation of sound in the domain where no source of sound is present and where the analogy methods such as Ffowcs―Williams can not be used because of gradients in the mean flow. The residual distribution method leads to a class of schemes that shares properties of both finite element method and finite volume method. In particular, the schemes used here are multidimensional upwind, which make them very attractive because of their low cross-dissipation. First, the discretization method is introduced as an alternative method for computational aeroacoustic applications on unstructured grids. The residual distribution method is then analyzed analytically for wave propagation. Next it is applied to linearized Euler equations with proper acoustic boundary conditions, and finally verifiedon test cases having exact solution.
Appell polynomials and logarithmic convexity

In this article we give necessary and sufficient conditions for logarithmic convexity of some sequences of Appell polynomials. Then we apply our results to Turan’s type polynomial inequalities. Precise upper and lower bounds for this class of polynomials are also determined and asymptotic behavior of   as well.
Isolation, characterization and performance of extra cellular polymer substances (EPS) producing bacteria from biofloc culture water of Nile tilapia using distillery spentwash as carbon source

The present study aimed to isolate and characterize the Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) producing bacteria from biofloc reared Nile tilapia (Chitralada) ponds. Distillery spentwash was used as a carbon source to maintain the C: N ratio at 10: 1 in the fish culture ponds and screening of bacteria were done fortnightly in 180 days culture. Out of 38 bacterial isolates, 7 isolates were found to produce EPS. Based on 16s rRNA sequence analysis the isolates were identified as Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, B. infantis, B. cereus, Pseudomonas balearica, P. mendocina and P. alcaligenes. The highest production of EPS was recorded in B. cereus (1.25 g/L). EPS extracted from Bacillus cereus was reported to have higher protein (89 Î¼g/ml) and B. subtilis possessed higher carbohydrate (753.75 Î¼g/ml). Maximum flocculating ability of 40.18% in B. cereus and higher emulsifying activity of 63.53% was observed in B. megaterium. The EPS extracted from B. infantis showed lower sludge volume index on its treatment with aquaculture sludge (15.38 ml/g). Absorption band in the range of 4,000/cm to 450/cm using FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional bands arising from polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The results indicated the presence of EPS producing bacteria in biofloc based Nile tilapia aquaculture systems.
MPPT Control of Grid Connected PMSG Wind Turbines

--Over the last years, with technological advancements wind power has grown rapidly and becomes the most competitive form of renewable energy especially for VS-WECS as compared to fixed velocity system. Most of system does not capture power at every wind speed, especially low wind speed. To achieve this outcome at variable speed wind energy conversion system (VS-WECS) here Permanent magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is used which eliminates gear box. A simple Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control Scheme is used for PMSG with diode bridge rectifier and grid side inverter. The Power Conversion are Performed at unity power factor and DC link voltage is maintained constant. An Algorithm named Perturbation and Observation is developed at MPPT for maintaining constant voltage at output side in spite of variation in wind speed. Modeling and simulation of the grid side of the wind turbine system are performed. Results are verified through the MATLAB simulations.
Multilevel conductance switching in polymer films

Multilevel conductance switching in poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) films is demonstrated. A thin-film structure, ITO-coated glass/MEH-PPV/Al, has shown the ability to store a continuum of conductance states. These states are nonvolatile and can be switched reproducibly by applying appropriate programing biases above a certain threshold voltage. The electrical conductivity of the highest and lowest states can differ by five orders of magnitude. Furthermore, these devices exhibit good cyclic switching characteristics and retention times of several weeks.