Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inbreeding in populations with incomplete pedigrees

Introduction Inbreeding has detrimental effects on a number of economically important traits. W iggans et al. (1995) estimated inbreeding depression of −29 kg, −1.08 kg and −0.97 kg for each 1% increase of inbreeding for the traits milk, fat and protein yield, respectively, across several dairy cattle breeds. For post-weaning gain in Hereford cattle, the depression was −0.24 kg (G engler et al. 1998). For the number of piglets born alive, 21-day litter weight, and days to 104.5 kg, it was −0.023, −0.052 and 0.21, respectively (C ulbertson et al. 1998). Inbreeding also adversely impacts reproductive traits, such as delayed puberty, reduced conception rates, higher likelihood of losing established pregnancies, increased mortality of calves and lowered bull fertility (Y oung et al. 1969). National genetic evaluations involve animals with incomplete pedigrees. Regular inbreeding algorithms (RA) based on the definition of W right (1922), such as those by Q uaas (1976), calculate the inbreeding of animals with at least one parent missing as zero. Even if an animal has both parents known, its inbreeding will be underestimated if some of its ancestors are unidentified. If the proportion of missing parents is large, the inbreeding trend in a population could be seriously underestimated. Subsequently, losses from inbreeding would be underestimated, and steps to slow the increase of inbreeding, such as using sires that are less related to the general population or mating less-related animals (T oro and P erez-E nciso, 1990; G rundy et al. 1994; M euwissen and S onneson 1998; V anR aden and S mith 1999), may be delayed. In particular, use of a mating system can result in matings adjusted for both inbreeding and dominance (M isztal et al. 1999). In populations that use AI substantially, unidentified parents may not differ genetically from identified parents, on average. Therefore the real average inbreeding in animals with unidentified parent(s) may be similar to their contemporaries with both parents known. V anR aden (1992) proposed an algorithm (VRA), where the inbreeding of animals whose parent(s) are unknown is equal to the mean inbreeding of their contemporaries with known parents. Contemporaries are stratified along unknown parent groups (UPG). VRA has been applied to a few US dairy breeds (V anR aden 1992; W iggans et al. 1995). The calculated inbreeding for the youngest Holstein animals was 3.7% with RA and increased to 4.2% with VRA (V anR aden 1992). The increase was small because the number of unidentified animals was small. However, the performance of VRA in recovering inbreeding lost for a range of incomplete pedigrees has not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were (i) to determine average inbreeding coefficients when pedigrees are increasingly more incomplete; (ii) to assess the efficacy of VRA in recovering these inbreeding coefficients; and (iii) to determine the mean inbreeding using the two inbreeding algorithms in a large beef population.
A Study on Serum Lipid Profile and Uric Acid Changes due to Passive Smoking in Healthy Women

SUMMARY: 1. The mean serum Total Cholesterol value among the nonsmokers was 166.08 ± 26.45 while in the passive smokers it was 181.64 ± 30.42. The value was significantly higher in passive smokers. 2. The mean LDL cholesterol level was 96.44 ± 28.42mg/dl in non-smoking women while the LDL Cholesterol in passive smokers was 113.27± 34.54 mg/d. 3. The mean HDL cholesterol in non-smokers was higher (46±9.3 mg/dl) than in passive smoking women (43.98±7.2 mg/dl). 4. The mean triglycerides in non-smoking women were 119.76±29.56 mg/dl whereas in passive smoking women it was 126.1±28.46mg/dl. 5. Mean VLDL Cholesterol is also higher in passive smokers (25.96±5.7mg/dl) than non-smokers (23.58±5.96mg/dl). 6. The mean serum uric acid in non-smokers was 4.52±1.47 mg/dl whereas in those exposed to ETS it was 5.75±mg/dl. CONCLUSION: Passive smoking like active smoking is unfavorably associated with lipoprotein metabolism and it predisposes the individual to premature atherosclerosis and its consequences like myocardial infarction, stroke, etc., Passive smoking also increases serum uric acid and this may serve as a crude marker to the amount of oxidative stress imparted to the body by the process of passive smoking. To conclude the present study provides further evidence that environmental tobacco smoke including smoke at workplace is likely to cause adverse health effects in non-smoking women. Despite the efforts to control smoking most women are still exposed to tobacco smoke at home and at work. They are also unaware of the hazards of passive smoking and are in a disadvantaged position to protect themselves from ETS. Urgent public health measures are required to reduce smoking in India so as not only to protect women and children from environmental tobacco smoke but also men from the hazards of active smoking.
Morphological differentiation of eggs and comparative efficacy of oviposition and gravid traps for Aedes vectors at different habitats

Mosquito surveillance is an integral part of understanding mosquito-borne disease, including and not limited to the La Crosse virus. The primary container-inhabiting Aedeni vectors include Aedes triseritatus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes japonicus. To better understand the efficacy of gravid traps and oviposition traps as surveillance methods for these mosquitoes, field studies were conducted in three different habitat types. Ae. triseriatus, Ae. albopictus, Ae. japonicus, and Aedes aegypti eggs were described with the aid of color images and SEM. All eggs were broadly cigar shaped with Ae. triseriatus and Ae. japonicus eggs being dull or matte black while Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti eggs were shiny jet black. Ae. triseriatus eggs were larger, lighter in color, and have a rougher appearance when compared to Ae. japonicus. Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti can be differentiated by the distinct presence of a micropylar collars in Ae. aegypti. Ovitrap and gravid trap efficacy for the surveillance of Ae. triseriatus, Ae. albopictus, and Ae. japonicus were measured in three different habitats on two different sites. Both sites contained the same 2ha habitats with varying degrees of forest canopy disturbance. Ae. triseriatus was the most abundant mosquito on all sites. Ovitraps and gravid traps were efficient in collecting Ae. triseriatus, while ovitraps were not efficient in collecting Ae. japonicus and Ae. albopictus.
How Fishes Can Help Us Answer Important Questions about the Ecological Consequences of Evolution

Much of the recent progress in the study of eco-evolutionary dynamics has occurred in fish models. In this review, I focus specifically on the mechanisms by which fish evolution affects ecological processes, highlighting outstanding questions and new frontiers. Fish evolution can alter the ecology of individuals by changing traits that underlie resource use or interactions with other species. Fish eco-evolutionary studies have focused on the ecological consequences of two kinds of effect traits (trophic traits and nutrient recycling traits), but questions remain about the relative influences of genetic and environmental factors. Other fish traits might also have large ecological effects, but we lack frameworks for identifying them, and it remains difficult to link the traits to their ecological consequences. The effect of fish evolution also depends on changes in fish populations, which might vary because of genetic or by environmental factors. Such changes can have dramatic impacts on the expression of effect traits and represent an important, yet largely unexplored conduit linking evolutionary change to community and ecosystem effects. At the level of the community, fish evolution has been shown to induce different kinds of trophic cascades, although it is not clear how patterns observed in simple eco-evolutionary experiments with simple communities are a realistic representation of what happens in complex natural communities. Although fish evolution has also been shown to cause changes in ecosystem function, explaining the mechanisms is difficult because changes in ecosystem function are influenced by changes in all other levels of organization as well as by abiotic heterogeneity. Improving our understanding of the effects of fish evolution on communities and ecosystems will therefore require sophisticated experimental or statistical tools to link causes and effects, and also to complement eco-evolutionary experiments with more studies in natural systems. Continuing to improve our understanding of why fish evolution causes ecological effects will be critical as we expand the scope of studies to include feedbacks, more diverse fish models, and particularly as we apply our understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics to fish conservation in impacted landscapes.
Solubility of hydrogen in 10 organic solvents at 298.15, 323.15, and 373.15 K

(1) Tanaka, R. J. Chem. Thermosyn. 1982, 14, 259. (2) Tanaka, R. ; Takenaka, M. ; Murakaml, S. J . Chem. Eng. Data 1984, 29, 69. (3) Takenaka, M. ; Tanaka, R. ; Murakaml, S. J . Chem. Thermodyn. 1980, 12. 849. (4) Kallnowska, B. ; Jedllhska, J.; Woyclchl, W. ; Steckl, J. J . Chem. 77? errrwdyn. 1980, 12, 891. (5) Drelsbach, R. R. “Physlcal Properties of Chemical Compounds”; American Chemical Soclety: Washington. DC, 1959; Vol. 11. (6) Fortier, J.-L. ; Benson. G. C. ; Plcker, P. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 1978, 8 , 289. (7) Bondl, A. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1988. 5, 443. (8) Holzhauer, J. K. ; Zlegler, W. T. J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 590. (9) “Landoit-Bn Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1961; Vol. 11, Chapter 4, pp 264-72.
The Use of Micro- and Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery into and across the Skin in Different Skin Diseases—A Literature Review

In recent years, polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols play an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections, as well as vascular or skin diseases. Particularly, resveratrol, as a multi-potent agent, may prevent or mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is an extremely desirable target for the possible delivery of active substances. The transdermal route of administration of active compounds shows many advantages, including avoidance of gastrointestinal irritation and the first-pass effect. Moreover, it is non-invasive and can be self-administered. However, this delivery is limited, mainly due to the need to overpassing the stratum corneum, the possible decomposition of the substances in contact with the skin surface or in the deeper layers thereof. In addition, using resveratrol for topical and transdermal delivery faces the problems of its low solubility and poor stability. To overcome this, novel systems of delivery are being developed for the effective transport of resveratrol across the skin. Carriers in the micro and nano size were demonstrated to be more efficient for safe and faster topical and transdermal delivery of active substances. The present review aimed to discuss the role of resveratrol in the treatment of skin abnormalities with a special emphasis on technologies enhancing transdermal delivery of resveratrol.
Second-Generation Live-Attenuated Candid#1 Vaccine Virus Resists Reversion and Protects against Lethal Junín Virus Infection in Guinea Pigs

Our most successful vaccines comprise weakened strains of virus that initiate a limited and benign infection in immunized persons. The live-attenuated Candid#1 strain of Junín virus (JUNV) was developed to protect field workers in Argentina from rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever but is not licensed in the United States, in part due to the likelihood of genetic reversion to virulence. ABSTRACT Live-attenuated virus vaccines are highly effective in preventing viral disease but carry intrinsic risks of residual virulence and reversion to pathogenicity. The classically derived Candid#1 virus protects seasonal field workers in Argentina against zoonotic infection by Junín virus (JUNV) but is not approved in the United States, in part due to the potential for reversion at the attenuating locus, a phenylalanine-to-isoleucine substitution at position 427 in the GP2 subunit of the GPC envelope glycoprotein. Previously, we demonstrated facile reversion of recombinant Candid#1 (rCan) in cell culture and identified an epistatic interaction between the attenuating I427 and a secondary K33S mutation in the stable signal peptide (SSP) subunit of GPC that imposes an evolutionary barrier to reversion. The magnitude of this genetic barrier is manifest in our repeated failures to rescue the hypothetical revertant virus. In this study, we show that K33S rCan is safe and attenuated in guinea pigs and capable of eliciting potent virus-neutralizing antibodies. Immunized animals are fully protected against lethal challenge with virulent JUNV. In addition, we employed a more permissive model of infection in neonatal mice to investigate genetic reversion. RNA sequence analysis of the recovered virus identified revertant viruses in pups inoculated with the parental rCan virus and none in mice receiving K33S rCan (P < 0.0001). Taken together, our findings support the further development of K33S rCan as a safe second-generation JUNV vaccine. IMPORTANCE Our most successful vaccines comprise weakened strains of virus that initiate a limited and benign infection in immunized persons. The live-attenuated Candid#1 strain of Junín virus (JUNV) was developed to protect field workers in Argentina from rodent-borne hemorrhagic fever but is not licensed in the United States, in part due to the likelihood of genetic reversion to virulence. A single-amino-acid change in the GPC envelope glycoprotein of the virus is responsible for attenuation, and a single nucleotide change may regenerate the pathogenic virus. Here, we take advantage of a unique genetic interaction between GPC subunits to design a mutant Candid#1 virus that establishes an evolutionary barrier to reversion. The mutant virus (K33S rCan) is fully attenuated and protects immunized guinea pigs against lethal JUNV infection. We find no instances of reversion in mice inoculated with K33S rCan. This work supports the further development of K33S rCan as a second-generation JUNV vaccine.
DNA Sequence Analyses Reveal Two New Species of Caloglossa (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Skin of West Indian Manatees

Epizoic macroalgae collected from the skin of West Indian manatees included specimens of the red algal family Delesseriaceae. Morphological and rbcL sequence analyses indicated that these specimens represented two novel species of Caloglossa. One species, described here as Caloglossa kamiyana Freshwater, Cath.E. Miller & Frankovich sp. nov., had been previously studied and recognized as part of the C. ogasawaraensis species complex. The rbcL sequence divergence between C. kamiyana and other taxa within the complex ranged from 4.6–5.3%, and tetrasporangial mother cells are cut off from the lateral pericentral cells by oblique divisions instead of transverse divisions as in C. ogasawaraensis. The second species was resolved as a closely related sister species to C. fluviatilis, with a minimum interspecific sequence divergence of 2.0%. It was morphologically indistinguishable from C. fluviatilis except for one potential character—mostly one, instead of multiple rhizoids, developing from rhizoid-bearing pericentral and marginal wing cells. It is herein described as Caloglossa manaticola Freshwater, Cath.E. Miller & Frankovich sp. nov.
Did My Hand Move in a Mirror? Body Ownership Induced by the Mirror Hand Illusion

Although the illusion that the mirror image of a hand or limb could be recognized as a part of one’s body behind the mirror, the effect of adding tactile stimulation to this illusion remains unknown. We, therefore, examined how the timing of tactile stimulation affects the induction of body ownership on the mirror image. Twenty-one healthy, right-handed participants (mean age = 23.0 ± 1.0 years, no medical history of neurological and/or psychiatric disorders) were enrolled and a crossover design was adopted in this study. Participants’ right and left hands were placed on the front and back sides of the mirror, respectively, then they were asked to keep looking at their right hand in the mirror. All participants experienced two experiments; one was with tactile stimulation that was synchronized with the movement of a mirror image (synchronous condition), and the other one was with tactile stimulation that was not synchronized (asynchronous condition). The qualitative degree of body ownership for the mirrored hand was evaluated by a questionnaire. Proprioceptive drift (PD), an illusory shift of the felt position of the real hand toward the mirrored hand was used for quantitative evaluation of body ownership and measured at “baseline,” “immediately after stimulation,” “2 min after stimulation,” and “4 min after stimulation. ” The results of the questionnaire revealed that some items of body ownership rating were higher in the synchronous condition than in the asynchronous condition (p < 0.05). We found that PD occurred from immediately after to 4 min after stimulation in both conditions (p < 0.01) and there was no difference in the results between the conditions. From the dissociation of these results, we interpreted that body ownership could be elicited by different mechanisms depending on the task demand. Our results may contribute to the understanding of the multisensory integration mechanism of visual and tactile stimulation during mirror illusion induction.
Clinical characteristics and survival of patients with IgD multiple myeloma

MM (multiple myeloma) accounts for about 10% of hematological malignancies and 1% of cancer. IgD myeloma is a rare type of MM. It was reported that IgD type accounts for about 1% to 2% of all patients with MM abroad, while 3% to 8.9% in domestic cases. 1 This immunoglobulin protein was ﬁ rst discovered by Dr. Rowe and Fahey in 1965. 2 Half of a century had passed, the management of IgD MM remains a challenging ﬁ eld. As the secretion of IgD is low in the serum, monoclonal protein of IgD is dif ﬁ cult to con ﬁ rm by serum protein electrophoresis or immuno ﬁ xation electrophoresis. Recently, Wang et al 3 showed that detection of cytoplasmic IgD by ﬂ ow cytometry is a sensitive way to diagnose patients with IgD myeloma. Clinical cases of IgD myeloma are usually more aggressive and manifest high-risk features (severe complications and comorbidity, younger age, high incidence of extramedullary in ﬁ ltration, bone destruction, hypercalcemia and renal insuf ﬁ -ciency, genetic abnormalities, etc) when compared with other subtypes of MM. 4 Studies on IgD type of myeloma is limited given the rarity of large-scaled clinical In 2019, Selene et al 5 a review in 5 different from to Their work summarized the presentation management, and prognosis of patients type in Asian we a focus in and 6
Thermal Decomposition Characteristics of Miscanthus and Ulva during Pyrolysis

Global warming, caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases due to the use of fossil fuels, is the main reason why a switch to renewable energy sources is becoming a necessity. A renewable energy source with a high potential to contribute to the energy needs worldwide is biomass. Biomass can be used for the production of electricity and heat or for the production of chemicals for a wide range of applications. The overall challenge for the thermal conversion of biomass is the development of robust and efficient technologies to process biomass with a high conversion efficiency into a useful and clean product. Biomass pyrolysis has great potential to convert a wide range of biomass species into various products. In this project, the decomposition characteristics of two high-potential biomass feedstocks, Miscanthus and Ulva, were investigated. The grass species Miscanthus has been in the spotlight as a potential biomass feedstock due to its rapid growth, high biomass yield potential and high calorific value. There is a growing interest in the seaweed species Ulva as a potential biomass feedstock due to its rapid growth and due to the fact its use may lead to a reduction of ecological problems (Ulva is a major sea pollutant). Decomposition characteristics of Miscanthus and Ulva at slow heating rates were investigated with a thermogravimetric analyser. Proximate analysis results and mass loss rate graphs were obtained. The shapes (peaks) of the mass loss rate graphs were linked to the different biomass components present in Miscanthus and Ulva. For the decomposition at fast heating rates pyrolysis experiments were carried out in a Pyroprobe reactor. The solid, liquid and gaseous product yields were analysed for different final pyrolysis temperatures. The compositions of the gas fractions were analysed using a micro gas chromatograph. The influences of pyrolysis temperature and biomass feedstock composition on the product yields and compositions were linked to different pyrolysis mechanisms In order to determine the role of different biomass components in the pyrolysis process, the decomposition of the biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis kinetics are further investigated by modelling the mass loss rates of Miscanthus and Ulva during slow pyrolysis obtained from thermogravimetric analysis. For this purpose, the independent parallel reaction (IPR) model was used. The experimental and modelling results obtained in this study for Miscanthus and Ulva help characterising the two biomass species. Based on the decomposition rates, product yields and gas compositions, a better understanding of the pyrolysis reaction mechanisms of the different constituents of Miscanthus and Ulva is gathered. This is a contribution to the knowledge required to optimise thermal conversion processes for different biomass species.
Comprehensive Intellectual Capital Management: Step-by-Step

Foreword by Gordon Smith. Preface. PART ONE. INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT. Chapter 1. Intellectual Capital Management and the Knowledge Economy. Chapter 2. The Intellectual Capital Model. Chapter 3. Intellectual Capital Reporting. Chapter 4. The Comprehensive Intellectual Capital Management (CICM) Approach. PART TWO. THE THREE STAGES OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT. Chapter 5. The Knowledge Management Stage and Organizational IQ. Chapter 6. The U.S. Navy Knowledge Management System: A Case in Point. Chapter 7. The Innovation Management Stage. Chapter 8. The Intellectual Property Management Stage. Chapter 9. The Pioneers of Intellectual Capital Management-Skandia and Dow Chemical. PART THREE. STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO THE CICM MODEL. Chapter 10. First Get Your Act Together. Chapter 11. Implementing Knowledge Management Under the CICM Model. Chapter 12. Implementing Innovation Management Under the CICM Model. Chapter 13. Implementing Intellectual Property Management Under the CICM Model. Chapter 14. IC Strategy and Customizing the CICM Model. Appendix A. Mini Master's of Business Administration (MBA). Appendix B. Mini Master's Intellectual Property (MIP). Index.