Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of CO2 Adsorption in Nano-Pores with Graph Neural Networks

We investigate the graph-based convolutional neural network approach for predicting and ranking gas adsorption properties of crystalline Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) adsorbents for application in post-combustion capture of $\textrm{CO}_2$. Our model is based solely on standard structural input files containing atomistic descriptions of the adsorbent material candidates. We construct novel methodological extensions to match the prediction accuracy of classical machine learning models that were built with hundreds of features at much higher computational cost. Our approach can be more broadly applied to optimize gas capture processes at industrial scale.
SOA - NOLM in Reflective Configuration for Optical Regeneration in High Bit Rate Transmission Systems

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of optical signal regeneration properties of a non-linear optical loop mirror using a semiconductor optical amplifier as the active element (SOA-NOLM). While this device has been extensively studied for optical time division demultiplexing (OTDM) and wavelength conversion applications, our proposed approach, based on a reflective configuration, has not yet been investigated, particularly in the light of signal regeneration. The impact on the transfer function shape of different parameters, like SOA position in the interferometer and SOA input optical powers, are numerically studied to appreciate the regenerative capabilities of the device. Regenerative performances in association with a dual stage of SOA to create a 3R regenerator which preserves the data polarity and the wavelength are experimentally assessed. Thanks to this complete regenerative function, a 100.000 km error free transmission has experimentally been achieved at 10 Gb/s in a recirculating loop. The evolution of Bit Error Rate for multiple pass into the regenerator and the polarization insensitivity demonstration to input data are presented.
Characterization of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis oligopeptidase B and its role in macrophage infection

Abstract Abstract Leishmania spp. are parasitic protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, a disease endemic in 98 countries. Leishmania promastigotes are transmitted by the vector and differentiate into amastigotes within phagocytic cells of the vertebrate host. To survive in multiple and hostile environments, the parasite has several virulence factors. Oligopeptidase B (OPB) is a serine peptidase present in prokaryotes, some eukaryotes and some higher plants. It has been considered a virulence factor in trypanosomatids, but only a few studies, performed with Old World species, analysed its role in Leishmania virulence or infectivity. L. (L.) amazonensis is an important agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. The L. (L.) amazonensis OPB encoding gene has been sequenced and analysed in silico but has never been expressed. In this work, we produced recombinant L. (L.) amazonensis OPB and showed that its pH preferences, Km and inhibition patterns are similar to those reported for L. (L.) major and L. (L.) donovani OPBs. Since Leishmania is known to secrete OPB, we performed in vitro infection assays using the recombinant enzyme. Our results showed that active OPB increased in vitro infection by L. (L.) amazonensis when present before and throughout infection. Our findings suggest that OPB is relevant to L. (L.) amazonensis infection, and that potential drugs acting through OPB will probably be effective for Old and New World Leishmania species. OPB inhibitors may eventually be explored for leishmaniasis chemotherapy.
AdaPrune: Pruning Transformer with Sparse Regularization

The key component of transformer architec-001 ture is the multi-head self-attention(MHA) and 002 feed forward neural network (FFN). In this 003 paper, we observe that, across many applica-004 tions, MHA component is nonsymmetric and 005 FFN component is sparse within transformer 006 architecture. Leveraging this observation, we 007 propose a new method, AdaPrune, to utilize 008 sparse regularization to conduct structure prun-009 ing in MHA and FFN modules. This method 010 selects task-specific valuable heads in multi-011 head attention modules and effective blocks in 012 feed forward layers during the fine-tuning stage, 013 while maintaining the original performance of 014 full transformer model. Extensive experiments 015 show that AdaPrune can achieve competitive 016 performance on these tasks while significantly 017 reduce the computation cost. 018
NRI-FGSM: An Efficient Transferable Adversarial Attack for Speaker Recognition Systems

Deep neural network (DNN), though widely applied in Speaker Recognition Systems (SRS), is vulnerable to adversarial attacks which are hard to detect by humans. The black-box model vulnerability against adversarial attacks is crucial for the robustness of SRS, especially for latest models such as x-vector and ECAPA. The state-of-the-art transferable adversarial attack methods start with generating the adversarial audio from white-box SRS, then utilize this audio to attack the black-box SRS. However, these methods often have a lower success rate in SRS than in the image processing domain. To improve the attack performance on SRS, we propose an efficient Nesterov accelerate and RMSProp optimization based Iterative-Fast Gradient Sign Method (NRI-FGSM), which integrates the Nesterov Accelerated Gradient method and the Root Mean Squared Propagation optimization method with adaptive step size. Through extensive experiments on both close-set speaker recognition (CSR) and open-set speaker recognition (OSR) tasks, our method achieves higher attack success rates of 97.8% for CSR and 61.9% for OSR tasks than others, and meanwhile maintains a lower perturbation rate with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) metrics. It is worth mentioning that our work is the first to attack the ECAPA SRS model successfully.
Simple Yet Powerful: An Overlooked Architecture for Nested Named Entity Recognition

Named Entity Recognition (NER) is an important task in Natural Language Processing that aims to identify text spans belonging to predefined categories. Traditional NER systems ignore nested entities, which are entities contained in other entity mentions. Although several methods have been proposed to address this case, most of them rely on complex task-specific structures and ignore potentially useful baselines for the task. We argue that this creates an overly optimistic impression of their performance. This paper revisits the Multiple LSTM-CRF (MLC) model, a simple, overlooked, yet powerful approach based on training independent sequence labeling models for each entity type. Extensive experiments with three nested NER corpora show that, regardless of the simplicity of this model, its performance is better or at least as well as more sophisticated methods. Furthermore, we show that the MLC architecture achieves state-of-the-art results in the Chilean Waiting List corpus by including pre-trained language models. In addition, we implemented an open-source library that computes task-specific metrics for nested NER. The results suggest that metrics used in previous work do not measure well the ability of a model to detect nested entities, while our metrics provide new evidence on how existing approaches handle the task.
Dark radiation constraints on minicharged particles in models with a hidden photon

We compute the thermalization of a hidden sector consisting of minicharged fermions (MCPs) and massless hidden photons in the early Universe. The precise measurement of the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by Planck and the relic abundance of light nuclei produced during big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) constrain the amount of dark radiation of this hidden sector through the effective number of neutrino species, Neff. This study presents novel and accurate predictions of dark radiation in the strongly and weakly coupled regime for a wide range of model parameters. We give the value of Neff for MCP masses between ∼ 100 keV and 10 GeV and minicharges in the range 10−11−1. Our results can be used to constrain MCPs with the current data and they are also a valuable indicator for future experimental searches, should the hint for dark radiation manifest itself in the next release of Planck's data.
Analytical characterization of the genuine multiparticle negativity

The genuine multiparticle negativity is a measure of genuine multiparticle entanglement which can be numerically calculated. We present several results of how this entanglement measure can be characterized in an analytical way. First, we show that with an appropriate normalization this measure can be seen as coming from a mixed convex roof construction. Based on this, we determine its value for n-qubit GHZ-diagonal states and four-qubit cluster-diagonal states.
General Relativity and the Einstein Equations

FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. Lorentzian Geometry 2. Special Relativity 3. General Relativity and the Einstein Equations 4. Schwarzschild Space-time and Black Holes 5. Cosmology 6. Local Cauchy Problem 7. Constraints 8. Other Hyperbolic-Elliptic systems 9. Relativistic Fluids 10. Kinetic Theory 11. Progressive Waves 12. Global Hyperbolicity and Causality 13. Singularities 14. Stationary Space-times and Black Holes 15. Global Existence Theorems, Asymptotically Euclidean Data 16. Global existence theorems, cosmological case APPENDICES I. Sobolev Spaces II. Elliptic Systems III. Second Order Quasidiagonal Systems IV. General Hyperbolic Systems V. Cauchy Kovalevski and Fuchs theorems VI. Conformal Methods VII. Kaluza Klein Formulas
National and international dimensions of the Triple Helix in Japan: University-industry-government versus international coauthorship relations

International co-authorship relations and university-industry-government ("Triple Helix") relations have hitherto been studied separately. Using Japanese (ISI) publication data for the period 1981-2004, we were able to study both kinds of relations in a single design. In the Japanese file, 1,277,823 articles with at least one Japanese address were attributed to the three sectors, and we know additionally whether these papers were co-authored internationally. Using the mutual information in three and four dimensions, respectively, we show that the Japanese Triple-Helix system has continuously been eroded at the national level. However, since the middle of the 1990s, international co-authorship relations have contributed to a reduction of the uncertainty. In other words, the national publication system of Japan has developed a capacity to retain surplus value generated internationally. In a final section, we compare these results with an analysis based on similar data for Canada. A relative uncoupling of local university-industry relations because of international collaborations is indicated in both national systems.
Braiding of non-Abelian anyons using pairwise interactions

The common approach to topological quantum computation is to implement quantum gates by adiabatically moving non-Abelian anyons around each other. Here we present an alternative perspective based on the possibility of realizing the exchange (braiding) operators of anyons by adiabatically varying pairwise interactions between them rather than their positions. We analyze a system composed by four anyons whose couplings define a T-junction and we show that the braiding operator of two of them can be obtained through a particular adiabatic cycle in the space of the coupling parameters. We also discuss how to couple this scheme with anyonic chains in order to recover the topological protection.
A Study of Hilda Asteroids: V. Lightcurves of 47 Hilda Asteroids☆☆☆

Abstract The results of a photometric survey of Hilda asteroids are presented. We have obtained 224 lightcurves of 47 Hilda asteroids. A wide span of rotation periods have been found, ranging from 2.851 to 31 h. However, indications of rotation periods longer than 100 h were found for two objects. The largest lightcurve amplitude found is 1.38 mag, and 13 additional objects have observed amplitudes ≥0.30 mag. Improved absolute magnitudes have been obtained for 20 objects as well as new V–R color indices for 17 of these. Improved albedos, derived from the new absolute magnitudes, have been obtained for 10 Hilda asteroids. The V–R color indices range between 0.38 and 0.49 mag, indicating that only P- and D-type asteroids are present among these asteroids. A probable taxonomy was assigned to four Hilda asteroids (one P-type and three D-types) which previously were unclassified. The Hilda Asteroid 3694 Sharon was observed at low solar phase angles, and the obtained lightcurves indicate a reduced to nonexisting opposition effect for this asteroid. One Hilda asteroid, 2067 Aksnes, may be in a state of precession as no satisfactory two-maxima and two-minima lightcurve could be fitted to the data. However, the short damping time scale makes this very unlikely. This favours a four-maxima and four-minima lightcurve of 2067 Aksnes, which is a better fit to the data than a two-maxima and two-minima lightcurve. The Hilda Asteroid 3415 Danby has a very short rotation period ( P = 2.851 ± 0.003 h), making Danby the fastest spinning asteroid known within its size range ( D ∼ 50 km). Due to its fast spin some constraints can be set on 3415 Danby's internal structure and mean density. The assumption that 3415 Danby is a rubble-pile, with its shape governed by hydrostatic equilibrium, leads to an unrealistically high mean density. On the other hand, assuming that 3415 Danby has internal strength results in a mean density larger than 1.4 g cm −3 .
Magnetoresistive junctions based on epitaxial graphene and hexagonal boron nitride

We propose monolayer epitaxial graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) as ultimate thickness covalent spacers for magnetoresistive junctions. Using a first-principles approach, we investigate the structural, magnetic, and spin transport properties of such junctions based on structurally well-defined interfaces with (111) fcc or (0001) hcp ferromagnetic transition metals. We find low resistance area products, strong exchange couplings across the interface, and magnetoresistance ratios exceeding 100% for certain chemical compositions. These properties can be fine tuned, making the proposed junctions attractive for nanoscale spintronics applications.
The Geometric Topology of 3-Manifolds

Planar complexes PL planar maps The Schoenflies theorem Wild 2-spheres The generalized Schoenflies theorem The fundamental group Mapping onto spheres Linking Separation Pulling back feelers Intersections of surfaces with $1$-simplexes Intersections of surfaces with skeleta Side approximation theorem The PL Schoenflies theory for $R^3$ Covering spaces Dehn's lemma Loop theorem Related results AppendiX: Some standard results in topology References Index.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACCRETION DISK IN THE ACCRETION DISK CORONA X-RAY BINARY 4U 1822−371 AT OPTICAL AND ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS

The eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1822−371 is the prototypical accretion disk corona (ADC) system. We have obtained new time-resolved UV spectroscopy of 4U 1822−371 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys/Solar Blind Channel on the Hubble Space Telescope and new V- and J-band photometry with the 1.3 m SMARTS telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. We use the new data to construct its UV/optical spectral energy distribution and its orbital light curve in the UV, V, and J bands. We derive an improved ephemeris for the optical eclipses and confirm that the orbital period is changing rapidly, indicating extremely high rates of mass flow in the system, and we show that the accretion disk in the system has a strong wind with projected velocities up to 4000 km s−1. We show that the disk has a vertically extended, optically thick component at optical wavelengths. This component extends almost to the edge of the disk and has a height equal to ∼0.5 of the disk radius. As it has a low brightness temperature, we identify it as the optically thick base of a disk wind, not as the optical counterpart of the ADC. Like previous models of 4U 1822−371, ours needs a tall obscuring wall near the edge of the accretion disk, but we interpret the wall as a layer of cooler material at the base of the disk wind, not as a tall, luminous disk rim.
An experimental analysis of critical factors involved in the breakdown process of leading edge vortex flows. Ph.D. Thesis

by KennethD. Visser Experimental crosswiremeasurements of theflowfieldabovea70° and75° flat platedeltawing wereperformedat aReynoldsnumberof 250,000.Surveygrids weretakennormalto theplanformata seriesof chordwiselocationsfor anglesof attackof 20° and30°. Axial andazimuthalvorticitydistributionswerederivedfrom thevelocityfields. Thedependence of circulationondistancefrom thevortexcoreas well asonchordwiselocationwasexamined.Theeffectsof nondimensionalization in comparisonwith otherexperimental datawasmade. Thecirculationdistributionscaleswith thelocalsemispanandgrows approximatelylinearlyin thechordwisedirection. Forregionsof theflow outsideof thevortexsubcore,thecirculationat anychordwisestationwasobservedto vary logarithmicallywith distancefrom thevortexaxis. Thecirculationwasalsofoundto increaselinearlywith angleof incidenceatagivenchordwisestation. A reductionin thelocalcirculationaboutthevortexaxisoccurredat breakdown. Thespanwisedistributionof axialvorticity wasseverelyalteredthrough KennethD. Visser thebreakdownregionandthespanwisedistributionof axialvorticitypresent appearedtoreachamaximumimmediatelyprecedingbreakdown.Thelocal concentrationof axialvorticity aboutthevortexaxiswasreducedwhilethemagnitude of theazimuthalvorticitydecreasedthroughouthebreakdownzone.Theaxial vorticity componentswith anegativesense,foundin thesecondaryvortex,remained unaffectedbychangesin wing sweepor angleof attack,in directcontrasto the positivecomponents.Theinclusionof thelocalwinggeometryintoapreviously derivedcorrelationparameter indicatedthecirculationof growingleadingedgevortex flows to besimilaratcorrespondingradii from thevortexaxis. It wasconcludedthattheflow overadeltawing, upstreamof thebreakdown regionsandawayfrom theapexandtrailingedgeregions,is conical. In addition,the dominatingfactorsleadingto theonsetof breakdownarefelt to bethelocal circulationof thevortexandtheaccompanyingpressurefield.
High-power room-temperature intracavity-pumped Ho:YAG laser

Summary form only. Power-scaling of two-micron solid-state lasers to meet the demands of applications such as LIDAR and mid-infrared generation via nonlinear frequency conversion is an area which has attracted growing interest over recent years. In this paper we describe a simple strategy for achieving high power operation of a Ho:YAG laser. Singly-doped Ho:YAG is an attractive laser material for operation in the 2-micron wavelength regime, with lower upconversion losses.
A THIRD MASSIVE STAR COMPONENT IN THE σ ORIONIS AB SYSTEM

We report on the detection of a third massive star component in the σ Orionis AB system, traditionally considered as a binary system. The system has been monitored by the IACOB Spectroscopic Survey of Northern Massive Stars program, obtaining 23 high-resolution FIES@NOT spectra with a time span of ∼2.5 years. The analysis of the radial velocity curves of the two spectroscopic components observed in the spectra has allowed us to obtain the orbital parameters of the system, resulting in a high eccentric orbit (e ∼ 0.78) with an orbital period of 143.5 ± 0.5 days. This result implies the actual presence of three stars in the σ Orionis AB system when combined with previous results obtained from the study of the astrometric orbit (with an estimated period of ∼157 years).
THE VERY EARLY LIGHT CURVE OF SN 2015F IN NGC 2442: A POSSIBLE DETECTION OF SHOCK-HEATED COOLING EMISSION AND CONSTRAINTS ON SN Ia PROGENITOR SYSTEM

The main progenitor candidates of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are white dwarfs in binary systems where the companion star is another white dwarf (double degenerate (DD) system) or a less-evolved, non-degenerate star with R* ≳ 0.1 R⊙ (single degenerate system). However, no direct observational evidence exists to tell us which progenitor system is more common. Recent studies suggest that the light curve of a supernova shortly after its explosion can be used to set a limit on the progenitor size, R*. Here, we report high-cadence monitoring observations of SN 2015F, a normal SN Ia in the galaxy NGC 2442, starting about 84 days before the first light time. Using our daily cadence data, we capture the emergence of the radioactively powered light curve; more importantly, with >97.4% confidence, we detect possible dim precursor emission that appears roughly 1.5 days before the rise of the radioactively powered emission. The signal is consistent with theoretical expectations for a progenitor system involving a companion star with R* ≃ 0.1–1 R⊙ or a prompt explosion of a DD system, but is inconsistent with the typically invoked size of a white dwarf progenitor of R* ∼ 0.01 R⊙. Upper limits on the precursor emission also constrain the progenitor size to be R* ≲ 0.1 R⊙ with a companion star size of R* ≲ 1.0 R⊙, excluding a very large companion star in the progenitor system. Additionally, we find that the distance to SN 2015F is 23.9 ± 0.4 Mpc.
Partial Oxidation of Methane over CaO Decorated TiO 2 Nanocatalyst for Syngas Production in a Fixed Bed Reactor

: Syngas is a valuable entity for downstream liquid fuel production and chemical industries. The efﬁcient production of syngas via catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) is an important process. In this study, partial oxidation of methane (POM) was carried out using CaO decorated TiO 2 catalysts. The catalysts were synthesized employing the sol-gel method, while the decoration of TiO 2 with CaO was achieved in an aqueous solution by wetness impregnation method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by employing XRD, Raman, TG-DTG, and SEM-EDX for structural and morphological analysis. On testing for POM, at 750 ◦ C the catalysts demonstrate excellent CH 4 conversion of 83.6 and 79.5% for 2% and 3% CaO loaded TiO 2 , respectively. While the average H 2 /CO ratio for both 2% and 3% CaO loaded TiO 2 , 2.25 and 2.28, respectively, remained slightly above the theoretical value (H 2 /CO = 2.0) of POM. The improved POM performance is attributed to the optimally loaded CaO on the TiO 2 surface that promotes the reaction where TiO 2 support ensure less agglomerated particles, resulting into a ﬁne distribution of the active catalytic sites.