Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutual synchronization of constriction-based spin Hall nano-oscillators in weak in-plane fields.

We study mutual synchronization in double nanoconstriction-based spin Hall nano-oscillators (SHNOs) under weak in-plane fields ($\mu_0H_\mathrm{IP}$ = 30-40 mT) and also investigate its angular dependence. We compare SHNOs with different nano-constriction spacings of 300 and 900 nm. In all devices, mutual synchronization occurs below a certain critical angle, which is higher for the 300 nm spacing than for the 900 nm spacing, reflecting the stronger coupling at shorter distances. Alongside the synchronization, we observe a strong second harmonic consistent with predictions that the synchronization may be mediated by the propagation of second harmonic spin waves. However, although Brillouin Light Scattering microscopy confirms the synchronization, it fails to detect any related increase of the second harmonic. Micromagnetic simulations instead explain the angular dependent synchronization as predominantly due to magneto-dipolar coupling between neighboring SHNOs.
Binary systems as resonance detectors for gravitational waves

Gravitational waves at suitable frequencies can resonantly interact with a binary system, inducing changes to its orbit. A stochastic gravitational-wave background causes the orbital elements of the binary to execute a classic random walk, with the variance of orbital elements growing with time. The lack of such a random walk in binaries that have been monitored with high precision over long time-scales can thus be used to place an upper bound on the gravitational-wave background. Using periastron time data from the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar spanning ~30 years, we obtain a bound of h_c < 7.9*10^(-14) at ~10^(-4) Hz, where h_c is the strain amplitude per logarithmic frequency interval. Our constraint complements those from pulsar timing arrays, which probe much lower frequencies, and ground-based gravitational-wave observations, which probe much higher frequencies. Interesting sources in our frequency band, which overlaps the lower sensitive frequencies of proposed space-based observatories, include white-dwarf/supermassive black-hole binaries in the early/late stages of inspiral, and TeV scale preheating or phase transitions. The bound improves as (time span)^(-2) and (sampling rate)^(-1/2). The Hulse-Taylor constraint can be improved to ~3.8*10^(-15) with a suitable observational campaign over the next decade. Our approach can also be applied to other binaries, including (with suitable care) the Earth-Moon system, to obtain constraints at different frequencies. The observation of additional binary pulsars with the SKA could reach a sensitivity of h_c ~ 3*10^(-17).
Research on Evolutionary Game of Water Environment Governance Behavior from the Perspective of Public Participation

As an informal environmental regulation, public participation plays a vital role in the multi-governance environmental system. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs the game models of government enterprise, public enterprise and government public enterprise, and analyzes the impact of different intensity of government behavior and public participation on enterprise behavior strategies. The results show that: (1) In the two-party evolutionary game, the behavior of each stakeholder is related to its costs and benefits. Still, effective public participation allows the enterprise to choose legal discharge, even if the benefits of legal discharge are smaller than illegal discharge. (2) In the three-party evolutionary game, the steady-state conditions of government and the public are the same as those in two-party evolutionary game models. However, the decision-making behavior of enterprises also needed to consider the impact of public whistle-blowing on their reputation and image. (3) With the increase of the government’s ecological protection publicity, subsidies, fines, public concern, and whistle-blowing, the evolution speed of the enterprise towards legal discharge is faster.
SHAPES AND PROBABILITIES OF GALAXY CLUSTERS. II. COMPARISONS WITH OBSERVATIONS

We identify low-redshift clusters and groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and estimate their kinetic and correlation potential energies. We compare the distribution of these energies to the predictions by Yang & Saslaw and in the process estimate a measure of an average three-dimensional velocity and spatial anisotropy of a sample of clusters. We find that the inferred velocity anisotropy is correlated with the inferred spatial anisotropy. We also find that the general shape of the energy distribution agrees with theory over a wide range of scales from small groups to superclusters once the uncertainties and fluctuations in the estimated energies are included.
Design of Bifurcated Beam using Convex Bent Array Feed for Satellite Mobile Earth Station Application

For multibeam operation at the satellite mobile earth station and telecommunication base stations, a cylindrical lens antenna with multi-feed is a promising candidate due to the simple antenna configuration and good scanning performance to produce multi beams. However, efficient illumination at the lens surface is critical. Previ-ously, the present antennas were used; however, a significant tapered distribution is observed, resulting in under-illumination at the lens edges. The feed positions are re-quested to be placed near the lens to achieve a slender lens form. Therefore, the feed radiation pattern should have high radiations at the wide-angle region. This paper proposes a bifurcated beam array antenna to alter the amplitude distribution. This method is expected to improve the radiation pattern coverage area. In designing a bifurcated beam antenna, the important parameter is to ensure that the separated beams have the same current phase excita-tions at each radiating element and a precise patch arrangement to achieve the targeted radiation pattern. The differences in surface current will affect the radiation patterns due to the significant interference and cancellation effects which will contribute to high losses. This paper forms the array by a convex bent array with the same phase excitation for all patch elements. The feed performances are also verified by the good agreement between simulated and measured results. An improved aperture distribution is demonstrated for array feed having 0. 7λ o spacing compared to the tapered distribution by a single patch design with the hyperbolic lens through detailed analysis and comparative study. By changing the spacing distance of the convex bent array, many radiation patterns are observed, such as strong radiation in the wide-angle region, the uniform radiation level in a wide-angle region, and the tapered radiation pattern. Thus, many aperture distributions of center-dip, uniform and tapered, are achieved.
Automorphism groups of positive entropy on projective threefolds

We prove two results about the natural representation of a group G of automorphisms of a normal projective threefold X on its second cohomology. We show that if X is minimal then G, modulo a normal subgroup of null entropy, is embedded as a Zariski-dense subset in a semi-simple real linear algebraic group of real rank ≤ 2. Next, we show that X is a complex torus if the image of G is an almost abelian group of positive rank and the kernel is infinite, unless X is equivariantly non-trivially fibred.
TRANSITIVITY ON OPRAH WINFREY’S SPEECH AT GENERAL LECTURE OF UNIVERSITIES GRADUATIONS

This descriptive qualitative research deals with the types of Transitivity Process on Oprah Winfrey’s Speech. The objectives of this study are to find out: the types of Transitivity Process occurred in Oprah Winfrey’s speech; the dominant type of process found in Book of Titus and; the reasons of why one process is dominantly used in Book of Titus. The data of this study were Oprah Winfrey’s speeches which are delivered to universities graduation of five universities such as University of Duke, Harvard, Howard, Standford, and Wellesly. There were 2502 clauses of the total clauses in her five speeches. The findings showed that there were six types of process occurred, Material Process (28.25%), Mental Process (20.94%), Behavioral Process (7.43%), Relational Process (33.13%), Verbal Process (8.79%), and Existential Process (1.43%). Relational Process is the process which is dominantly used in Oprah Winfrey’s speech. It could be implied that the clauses in Oprah Winfrey’s speech mostly related to giving some encouragements to the universities graduations through personal potential and through experience of moving forward in facing the hardship of life.
Gravitational Chern–Simons Lagrangian terms and spherically symmetric spacetimes

We show that for general spherically symmetric configurations, contributions of broad class of gravitational and mixed gauge-gravitational Chern–Simons (CS) terms to the equations of motion vanish identically in D > 3 dimensions. This implies that such terms in the action do not affect Birkhoff's theorem or any previously known spherically symmetric solutions. Furthermore, we investigate the thermodynamical properties using the procedure described in an accompanying paper. We find that in the D > 3 static spherically symmetric case, CS terms do not contribute to the entropy either. Moreover, if one requires only for the metric tensor to be spherically symmetric, letting other fields be unrestricted, the results extend almost completely, with only one possible exception—CS Lagrangian terms in which the gravitational part is just the n = 2 irreducible gravitational CS term.
EIT phenomenon for the three-level hydrogen atoms and its application to the era of cosmological recombination

The paper evaluates the contribution of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon to the processes of the microwave background (CMB) formation in early universe. We found the additional function f to the integrated line absorption coefficient. This makes it the necessity to upgrade the Sobolev escape probability: pij (τS) → pij (τS · (1 + f)). We calculated the magnitude of the function f for different schemes of the hydrogen atom in the three-level approximation in terms of the field parameters. The electric field amplitudes are defined using the CMB distribution. We found that the contribution of f can be significant in some cases.
Structure of the magnetoionic medium around the Fanaroff-Riley Class I radio galaxy 3C 449

Aims. The goal of this work is to constrain the strength and structure of the magnetic field associated with the environment of the radio source 3C 449 by using observations of Faraday rotation, which we model with a structure function technique, and by comparison with numerical simulations. We assume that the magnetic field is a Gaussian isotropic random variable and that it is embedded in the hot intra-group plasma surrounding the radio source. Methods. For this purpose, we present detailed rotation measure images for the polarized radio source 3C 449, previously observed with the Very Large Array at seven frequencies between 1.365 and 8.385 GHz. All of the observations are consistent with pure foreground Faraday rotation. We quantify the statistics of the magnetic-field fluctuations by deriving rotation measure structure functions, which we fit using models derived from theoretical power spectra. We quantify the errors due to sampling by making multiple twodimensional realizations of the best-fitting power spectrum. We also use depolarization measurements to estimate the minimum scale of the field variations. We then develop three-dimensional models with a gas density distribution derived from X-ray observations and a random magnetic field with this power spectrum. By comparing our simulations with the observed Faraday rotation images, we can determine the strength of the magnetic field and its dependence on density, as well as the outer scale of the magnetic turbulence. Results. The rotation measure and depolarization data are consistent with a broken power-law magnetic-field power spectrum, with a break at about 11 kpc and slopes of 2.98 and 2.07 at smaller and larger scales respectively. The maximum and minimum scales of the fluctuations are ≈65 and ≈0.2 kpc, respectively. The average magnetic field strength at the cluster centre is 3.5 ± 1.2 μG, decreasing linearly with the gas density within ≈16 kpc of the nucleus. At larger distances, the dependence of field on density appears to flatten, but this may be an effect of errors in the density model. The magnetic field is not energetically important.
THE GALACTIC CENTER IN THE FAR-INFRARED

We analyze the far-infrared dust emission from the Galactic center region, including the circumnuclear disk (CND) and other structures, using Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric observations. These Herschel data are complemented by unpublished observations by the Infrared Space Observatory Long Wavelength Spectrometer (ISO-LWS), which used parallel mode scans to obtain photometric images of the region with a larger beam than Herschel but with a complementary wavelength coverage and more frequent sampling with 10 detectors observing at 10 different wavelengths in the range from 46 μm to 180 μm, where the emission peaks. We also include data from the Midcourse Space Experiment at 21.3 μm for completeness. We model the combined ISO-LWS continuum plus Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric data toward the central 2 pc in Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), a region that includes the CND. We find that the far-infrared spectral energy distribution is best represented by a continuum that is the sum of three gray body curves from dust at temperatures of 90, 44.5, and 23 K. We obtain temperature and molecular hydrogen column density maps of the region. We estimate the mass of the inner part of the CND to be ∼5.0 × 104 M☉, with luminosities: Lcavity ∼ 2.2 × 106 L☉ and LCND ∼ 1.5 × 106 L☉ in the central 2 pc radius around Sgr A*. We find from the Herschel and ISO data that the cold component of the dust dominates the total dust mass, with a contribution of ∼3.2 × 104 M☉; this important cold material had escaped the notice of earlier studies that relied on shorter wavelength observations. The hotter component disagrees with some earlier estimates, but is consistent with measured gas temperatures and with models that imply shock heating or turbulent effects are at work. We find that the dust grain sizes apparently change widely across the region, perhaps in response to the temperature variations, and we map that distribution.
Practical implementation of mutually unbiased bases using quantum circuits

The number of measurements necessary to perform the quantum state reconstruction of a system of qubits grows exponentially with the number of constituents, creating a major obstacle for the design of scalable tomographic schemes. We work out a simple and efficient method based on cyclic generation of mutually unbiased bases. The basic generator requires only Hadamard and controlled-phase gates, which are available in most practical realizations of these systems. We show how complete sets of mutually unbiased bases with different entanglement structures can be realized for three and four qubits. We also analyze the quantum circuits implementing the various entanglement classes.
Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation – VII. The sizes of high-redshift galaxies

We investigate high-redshift galaxy sizes using a semi-analytic model constructed for the Dark-ages Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables from Numerical Simulation project. Our fiducial model, including strong feedback from supernovae and photoionization background, accurately reproduces the evolution of the stellar mass function and ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function. Using this model, we study the size–luminosity relation of galaxies and find that the effective radius scales with UV luminosity as Re ∝ L0.25 at z ∼ 5–9. We show that recently discovered very luminous galaxies at z ∼ 7 and 11 lie on our predicted size–luminosity relations. We find that a significant fraction of galaxies at z > 8 will not be resolved by James Webb Space Telescope, but Giant Magellan Telescope will have the ability to resolve all galaxies in haloes above the atomic cooling limit. We show that our fiducial model successfully reproduces the redshift evolution of average galaxy sizes at z > 5. We also explore galaxy sizes in models without supernova feedback. The no-supernova feedback models produce galaxy sizes that are smaller than observations. We therefore confirm that supernova feedback plays an important role in determining the size–luminosity relation of galaxies and its redshift evolution during reionization.
Theory of the STM detection of Wigner molecules in spin-incoherent CNTs

The linear conductance of a carbon nanotube quantum dot in the Wigner molecule regime, coupled to two scanning tunnel microscope tips is inspected. Considering the high-temperature regime, the nanotube quantum dot is described by means of the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid picture. The linear conductance exhibits spatial oscillations induced by the presence of the correlated, molecular electron state. A power-law scaling of the electron density and one of the conductance as a function of the interaction parameter are found. They confirm local transport as a sensitive tool to investigate the Wigner molecule. The double-tip setup allows to explore different transport regimes with different shapes of the spatial modulation, all bringing information about the Wigner molecule.
A toric varieties approach to geometrical structure of multi partite states

We investigate the geometrical structures of multipartite states based on construction of toric varieties. In particular, we describe pure quantum systems in terms of affine toric varieties and projective embedding of these varieties in complex projective spaces. We show that a quantum system can be corresponds to a toric variety of a fan which is constructed by gluing together affine toric varieties of polytopes. Moreover, we show that the projective toric varieties are the spaces of separable multipartite quantum states. The construction is a generalization of the complex multi‐projective Segre variety. Our construction suggests a systematic way of looking at the structures of multipartite quantum systems.
GPDs of the Nucleons and Elastic Scattering at LHC Energies

Taking into account the electromagnetic and gravitational form factors, calculated from a new set of t-dependent GPDs, a new model including the soft and hard pomerons is build. In the framework of this model the qualitative description of all existing experimental data at √ s ≤ 52.8 GeV, including the Coulomb range and large momentum transfers, is obtained with only 4 free parameters. Predictions for LHC energies are made.
Generating genuine multipartite entanglement via X Y-interaction and via projective measurements

We have studied the generation of multipartite entangled states for the superconducting phase qubits. The experiments performed in this direction have the capacity to generate several specific multipartite entangled states for three and four qubits. Our studies are also important as we have used a computable measure of genuine multipartite entanglement whereas all previous studies analyzed certain probability amplitudes. As a comparison, we have reviewed the generation of multipartite entangled states via von Neumann projective measurements.
AGN jets under the microscope: A divide?

A new paradigm for active galactic jet kinematics has emerged through detailed investigations of BL Lac objects using very long baseline radio interferometry. In this new scheme, most, if not all, jet components appear to remain stationary with respect to the core but show significant non-radial motions. This paper presents results from our kinematic investigation of the jets of a statistically complete sample of radio-loud flat-spectrum active galaxies, focusing on the comparison between the jet kinematic properties of BL Lacs and flat-spectrum radio-quasars. It is shown that there is a statistically significant difference between the kinematics of the two AGN classes, with BL Lacs showing more bent jets, that are wider and show slower movement along the jet axis, compared to flat-spectrum radio-quasars. This is interpreted as evidence for helically structured jets (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identifying quantumness via addition-then-subtraction operation

Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore(Dated: January 10, 2014)We propose a measure of quantumness based on an addition-then-subtraction operation. Wedemonstrate how this measure can distinguish between classical and bosonic particles by investi-gating in detail multi-particle bosonic systems. Experimental schemes implementing this measurefor bosons in all-optical and atom-cavity systems are provided. We also apply this measure tosingle-mode fermionic systems.
Poisson's spot and Gouy phase

Recently there have been experimental results on Poisson spot matter wave interferometry followed by theoretical models describing the relative importance of the wave and particle behaviors for the phenomenon. We propose an analytical theoretical model for the Poisson's spot with matter waves based on Babinet principle in which we use the results for a free propagation and single slit diffraction. We take into account effects of loss of coherence and finite detection area using the propagator for a quantum particle interacting with an environment. We observe that the matter wave Gouy phase plays a role in the existence of the central peak and thus corroborates the predominantly wavelike character of the Poisson's spot. Our model shows remarkable agreement with the experimental data for deuterium ($D_{2}$) molecules.
Scaling laws for Shor's algorithm with a banded quantum Fourier transform

We investigate the performance of a streamlined version of Shor's algorithm in which the quantum Fourier transform is replaced by a banded version that for each qubit retains only coupling to its $b$ nearest neighbors. Defining the performance $P(n,b)$ of the $n$-qubit algorithm for bandwidth $b$ as the ratio of the success rates of Shor's algorithm equipped with the banded and the full bandwidth ($b=n-1$) versions of the quantum Fourier transform, our numerical simulations show that $P(n,b) \approx \exp[-\varphi_{max}^2 (n,b)/100]$ for $n n_t(b)$ (exponential regime), where $n_{t}(b)$, the location of the transition, is approximately given by $n_{t}(b)\approx b+5.9 + \sqrt{7.7(b+2)-47}$ for $b\gtrsim 8$, $\varphi_{max} (n,b) = 2\pi[2^{-b-1} (n-b-2) + 2^{-n}]$, and $\xi_b\approx 1.1 \times 2^{-2b}$. Analytically we obtain $P(n,b) \approx \exp[-\varphi_{max}^2 (n,b)/64]$ for $n n_t(b)$, where $\xi_{b}^{(a)} \approx \frac{\pi^2}{12 \ln(2)} \times 2^{-2b} \approx 1.19 \times 2^{-2b}$. Thus, our analytical results predict the $\varphi_{max}^2$ scaling ($n n_t$) of the data perfectly. In addition, in the large-$n$ regime, the prefactor in $\xi_b^{(a)}$ is close to the results of our numerical simulations and, in the low-$n$ regime, the numerical scaling factor in our analytical result is within a factor 2 of its numerical value. As an example we show that $b=8$ is sufficient for factoring RSA-2048 with a 95% success rate.