Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploración de los conocimientos previos de matemáticas en educación infantil

Este estudio consistió en analizar los conocimientos previos de matemáticas de niños y niñas en Educación Inicial mediante las tareas que se realizan en el hogar. El contexto fueron ocho hogares de la ciudad de Cali-Valle del Cauca, localizados en las comunas 2, 13, 17, 18 y 19; cuyos participantes fueron ocho niños entre 2-5 años de edad. La metodología fue cualitativa descriptiva, donde los instrumentos de recolección de datos que se utilizaron fueron: documentos (tareas matemáticas) y la observación, efectuada a través de videos, fotografías y cuaderno de campo. Los resultados muestran que los niños (as) tienen diferentes conocimientos previos de las matemáticas centrados en las tareas del hogar, las cuales, están ligados con las concepciones de la familia influyendo en la construcción de los conocimientos matemáticos. Además, cabe resaltar que, los acudientes de los niños (as) son mujeres que están a cargo de su cuidado, por lo que, el proceso de construcción de los conocimientos previos de las matemáticas de los niños (as) están inmersos con las tareas del hogar.
Impact of climate and humans on the range dynamics of the woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) in Europe during MIS 2

Abstract The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) was widespread in almost all of Europe during the late Pleistocene. However, its distribution changed because of population fluctuations and range expansions and reductions. During Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 2 (MIS 2), these processes were highly dynamic. Our analyses of 318 radiocarbon dates from 162 localities, obtained directly from mammoth material, confirmed important changes in mammoth range between ~28.6 and ~14.1 ka. The Greenland stadial 3 interval (27.5–23.3 ka) was the time of maximum expansion of the mammoth in Europe during MIS 2. The continuous range was soon fragmented and reduced, resulting in the disappearance of Mammuthus during the last glacial maximum from ~21.4 to ~19.2 ka in all parts of the North European Plain. It is not clear whether mammoths survived in the East European Plain. The mammoth returned to Europe soon after ~19.0 ka, and for the next 3–4 millennia played an important role in the lifeways of Epigravettian societies in eastern Europe. Mammoths became extinct in most of Europe by ~14.0 ka, except for core areas such as the far northeast of Europe, where they survived until the beginning of the Holocene. No significant correlation was found between the distribution of the mammoth in Europe and human activity.
The HydroGrid as a Framework for Interconnected Water Systems: Emerging Technologies

This paper introduces the concept of the HydroGrid as a framework to describe connected water systems. We draw upon the knowledge and engineering experience employed in electrical grid operations to outline mirroring concepts in the HydroGrid, with a particular focus on monitoring, analysis, and control. The electrical grid is well monitored in real time. Monitoring data are used for dynamic analysis, and based on analytical projections, the grid is controlled to reduce the chance of cascading failures. We discuss analogous developments for the HydroGrid, using the example of microbial surface water contamination for illustration. Emerging technologies in advanced materials, signal transduction and wireless communications enable development of autonomous mobile devices for dynamic microbial water quality monitoring. As this technology matures, the devices will have the capability to stream real‐time or near‐real‐time data for analysis with stochastic models of contaminant fate and transport. Modeling results, combined with controllability analysis of water systems, can then be used to determine system‐wide prevention and mitigation strategies. Progress is measured with probability‐based metrics of HydroGrid sustainability such as reliability, vulnerability, and resilience. We highlight challenges in data requirements and processing, and finally, we broadly discuss interdependent functions of the HydroGrid such as human and animal health services, food safety, and aquatic ecosystems health.
Toxicity Bioassays of Essential Oils against Hadda Beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F)

Contact, repellent and antifeedant bioassays of essential oils (EO’s) viz., basil oil and citronella oil were evaluated against hadda beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata (F) in brinjal. Based on the results of leaf dip bioassay, the LC50 and LC90 values of basil oil and citronella oil were 1.25% and 2.85%, 0.93% and 1.52%, respectively at 24 hrs after treatment (HAT). While the corresponding LC50 and LC90 values at 48 HAT were 0.85% and 1.70%, 0.63% and 1.14%, respectively. Repellent and antifeedant effect of the chosen essential oils were also evaluated by modified preference method and no choice method, respectively. At 0.5 to 1% concentration, both basil and citronella oil showed 90-100% repellence at 30 and 60 min of treatment. 100% antifeedant effect was also observed at the same concentration (0.5 to 1%) for both the EO’s at 24 HAT. GC-FID/GC-MS analysis of basil and citronella oil revealed that the predominant component of basil oil was methyl chavicol (75.73%), followed by linalool (18.21%) and cuprenene (1.58%); in citronella oil, geranial (64.77%) was the most predominant component followed by citronellyl acetate (7.92%), geraniol (7.08%), (Z) iso citral (5.29%) and neral (3.60%).
Knee Joint Preservation in Tactical Athletes: A Comprehensive Approach Based upon Lesion Location and Restoration of the Osteochondral Unit

The unique physical demands of tactical athletes put immense stress on the knee joint, making these individuals susceptible to injury. In order to ensure operational readiness, management options must restore and preserve the native architecture and minimize downtime, while optimizing functionality. Osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the knee have long been acknowledged as significant sources of knee pain and functional deficits. The management of OCL is predicated on certain injury characteristics, including lesion location and the extent of subchondral disease. Techniques such as marrow stimulation, allograft and autologous chondrocyte implantation are examined in detail, with a focus on their application and suitability in tactical athlete populations. Moreover, the restoration of the osteochondral unit (OCU) is highlighted as a central aspect of knee joint preservation. The discussion encompasses the biomechanical considerations and outcomes associated with various cartilage restoration techniques. Factors influencing procedure selection, including lesion size, location, and patient-specific variables, are thoroughly examined. Additionally, the review underscores the critical role of post-operative rehabilitation and conditioning programs in optimizing outcomes. Strengthening the surrounding musculature, enhancing joint stability, and refining movement patterns are paramount in facilitating the successful integration of preservation procedures. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for surgeons, engineers, and sports medicine practitioners engaged in the care of tactical athletes and the field of cartilage restoration. The integration of advanced preservation techniques and tailored rehabilitation protocols offers a promising avenue for sustaining knee joint health and function in this demanding population.
Ecology of ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in western Hudson Bay, Canada

Recently, Hudson Bay experienced unidirectional trends in temperature, sea-ice extent, time of break-up, and length of the open-water season. Predicted impacts on population dynamics of ice-associated species include habitat loss and shift in prey availability. The ringed seal (Phoca hispida) depends on a stable ice platform with sufficient snow depth and a productive open-water season for reproduction and survival. Evidence of ringed seal sensitivity to environmental variations has been reported, but mechanisms involved were poorly understood. In western Hudson Bay, density, life-history traits, and diet of ringed seals were monitored over two decades, providing an opportunity to understand the effects of climatic variations on the population dynamics of this long-lived carnivore. Ringed seal density was estimated through strip-transect analyses after aerial surveys were flown in western Hudson Bay in late spring during the annual moult in the 1990s and 2000s. During these periods, ringed seals were also sampled from Inuit subsistence fall harvests In Arviat, NU, and ages, reproductive status, percentage of pups in the harvest, body condition, and diet were assessed. Strong inter-annual variations in these parameters were observed, and a decadal cycle was suggested and related to variations in the sea-ice regime. The cold and heavy ice conditions that prevailed in western Hudson Bay in 1991-92 likely induced a decrease in pelagic productivity, reducing the availability to ringed seals of sand lances (Ammodytes sp.), their major prey. The nutritional stress endured, combined with a strong predation pressure, led to a decrease in ringed seal reproductive performances, pup survival, and density during the 1990s. The ii recovery of ringed seal demographic parameters and number in the 2000s was associated with the immigration of pups, juveniles, and young adults into western Hudson Bay. Impact of current climatic trends on ringed seal population dynamics was not apparent, but considering the limited range of environmental variations tolerated by ringed seals, the response of this species to climate warming might be of a catastrophic type. Ringed seals were found to be good indicators of ecosystem changes, and long-term monitoring of the species in Hudson Bay should be a priority.
Assessing the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in opioid-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment: A literature review

Introduction. Opioid dependence and co-occurring depressive disorders represent a significant clinical challenge within the field of psychiatry, necessitating effective interventions to improve patient outcomes. Antidepressant treatment has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach, yet its efficacy in the context of Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) remains inconclusive. Methods. To address this critical knowledge gap, a comprehensive literature review was conducted. Databases including PubMed, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Google Scholar, and Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Reviews were meticulously searched for relevant publications from January 2010 to June 2022, using targeted keywords (“antidepressants,” “opioid addiction,” “methadone”). Results. The review uncovered a complex landscape of studies, highlighting the challenges in evaluating the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in opioid-dependent individuals receiving MMT. While some investigations have reported modest benefits in alleviating depressive symptoms, others remain inconclusive or contradictory. Desvenlafaxine, a dualaction antidepressant, demonstrated some effectiveness in this population, suggesting a potential treatment option. However, these findings necessitate further exploration through large-scale, complex studies with a focus on diverse patient populations. Discussion. The multifaceted nature of opioid dependence, comorbid depressive disorders, and the complexities of MMT underscore the challenges in ascertaining treatment outcomes definitively. Additionally, the potential for adverse effects and drug interactions, particularly in cases of relapse, complicates the therapeutic landscape. Patients often resort to self-medicating depressive symptoms with other substances, further clouding the interpretation of treatment results. Conclusion. The literature review reveals the need for continued research to elucidate the role of antidepressant treatment in opioid-dependent patients undergoing MMT. As patients’ needs vary widely, a comprehensive approach to managing affective symptoms should encompass not only pharmacotherapy but also various psychotherapeutic and social interventions. By addressing these complexities, future research may pave the way for more tailored and effective treatment strategies, ultimately enhancing the well-being of individuals grappling with the dual burdens of opioid dependence and depressive disorders within the MMT context.
Does Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Influence Upper Airway in Adult Patients? A Scoping Review

(1) Objective: This scoping review evaluates the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on different regions of the upper airway in adult patients and investigates various methods of measurement. (2) Methods: The search encompassed Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. This review was conducted following the PRISMA_ScR guidelines, and the inclusion criteria for examined studies were chosen in accordance with the PICOS framework. (3) Results: Seven studies were included in this review, comprising four retrospective studies, one prospective and two case reports. All studies involved the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for measurements of the areas of interest. The percentage of increase in the volume of the nasal cavity varied between 31% and 9.9%, depending on the study. Volumetric variations in the nasopharynx were reported as increases between T0 (before expansion) and T1 (immediately after expansion) of 6.4%, 20.7% and 14.1%. All studies considered T0 before expansion and T1 immediately after expansion. Only one study evaluated remote follow-up to assess if the results were maintained after one year. (4) Conclusions: MARPE appears to lead to a statistically significant increase in the upper airway, especially in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx immediately after expansion. However, further prospective and retrospective trails with long-term controls are required to verify the effects of MARPE on the upper airway.
Peran Koperasi Kredit Indonesia Terhadap Penguatan Literasi Keuangan dan Perbaikan Perilaku Keuangan

Financial education has not broadly translated into better financial behavior. The increase in financial behavior is influenced by an understanding of financial literacy obtained from community participation in various financial service/institutional service sectors. This study aims to examine the effect of financial literacy on the financial behavior of Credit Union (CU) members in Indonesia in realizing the 2021-2025 SNLKI strategic direction. This exploratory study uses convenience sampling taken from CU members in Indonesia. The reason for selecting respondents is the availability of very abundant data. Data collection in this study was obtained by distributing questionnaires via e-mail to members of credit unions in Kalimantan and Java. Questionnaires were randomly sent to Credit Union members over the age of 18. Data analysis used SurveyMonkey and data processing used the Microsoft Excel program which was sent to researchers. The results of the study found a positive relationship between financial literacy and financial behavior.
DIVE: Deep Inertial-Only Velocity Aided Estimation for Quadrotors

This letter presents a novel deep-learning-based solution to the problem of quadrotor inertial navigation. Visual-inertial odometry (VIO) is often used for quadrotor pose estimation, where an inertial measurement unit (IMU) provides a motion prior. When VIO fails, IMU dead reckoning is often used, which quickly leads to significant pose estimation drift. Learned inertial odometry leverages deep learning and model-based filtering to improve upon dead reckoning. Efforts for quadrotors, however, rely on sensors other than, or in addition to, an IMU, or have only been proven on a specific set of trajectories. The proposed generalizable approach regresses a 3D velocity estimate from only a history of IMU measurements, and the learned outputs are applied as a correction to an on-manifold Extended Kalman Filter. The proposed algorithm is shown to be superior to the state-of-the-art in learned inertial odometry. A 42% improvement in localization accuracy is shown over the state-of-the-art on an in-distribution testing set, and a 22% improvement is shown on an out-of-distribution testing set. Additionally, the proposed algorithm shows a 43% improvement over dead reckoning in VIO failure scenarios.
Preliminary Assessment of New Armature Winding Concepts for High-Speed Superconducting Motors

Superconducting (SC) motors are nowadays being proposed for zero-emission aviation. Their specific power and power density are under various studies to assess their feasibility in such an application. This paper preliminarily assesses two novel armature winding concepts for SC motors, based on the concentric-racetrack-coil (CRC) concept and the direct-liquid-cooling (DLC) technology. The two armature winding concepts result in conceptual designs of a fully SC motor (FSCM) and a partially SC motor (PSCM), respectively. The specific power and power density of the conceptual designs are assessed by comparing them with aviation-oriented goals and with other reference motor concepts. The results show that the CRC SC winding concept for FSCMs can reach and even exceed the higher specific power goal of 25 kW/kg. The DLC copper winding concept for PSCMs is quite close to the lower specific power goal of 12.7 kW/kg. Improvements in the PSCMs and better utilization of their materials can be expected to fulfill the lower goal. Then the copper armature winding with CRC and DLC will be a potential solution considered for applying PSCMs to electrifying aircraft.
Short Text Classification Model based on Pre-trained Language Model with Feature Fusion

In response to the low accuracy of Chinese short text classification in the current data mining field and the defects of existing deep learning models with more model parameters and higher time complexity, this paper proposes a new text classification model - short text classification model (ACBSM) based on pre-trained language model with feature expansion. In ACBSM, to address the problem of high dimensionality of text data without accurate text representation, the Bert model is used to train word vector representation to solve the problem of multiple meanings of a word. From the parallelization acceleration level, a parallel acceleration strategy of two-channel neural network is designed to improve the efficiency of the algorithm in processing massive data. To address the sparsity of text data and the more complex semantics, an attention mechanism is introduced and a CNN model is used to enhance the extraction of keyword information; secondly, BiSRU is used to capture the contextual features of the text, and finally, experimental validation is conducted on a news dataset. The experimental results show that ACBSM improves the accuracy of text classification to 95.83% under the same environment and dataset, and its classification performance is better than other text classification methods.
Delivery of Worm-like Drug Carriers in Stenotic Mrcovessels: A Simulation Study

We present in this study two-dimensional numerical simulations of hydrodynamic interaction between red blood cells (RBCs) and worm-like drug carriers in a stenotic microvessel. The dynamics of the blood flow and large deformation of the RBC are fully resolved in the simulations using a fictitious domain/immersed boundary method. We find margination of worm-like drug carriers and this phenomenon depends on factors such as drug stiffness, RBC deformability, and flow velocity. In particular, the stiffer drug carriers has higher probability to migrate and stay in the cell free layer. In additional, tumbling is observed for drug carriers at near wall location and this behavior is not found for RBCs which suggests that the worm-like structure may play an important role. Our investigation provides an understanding of the hemodynamic effects of drug carriers in microcirculation and will help in clinical implementation of drug delivery.
Prophylactics in shrimp aquaculture health management: A review

A shrimp farm is an aquaculture business contributes more than 50 per cent of the total shrimp exports from India for human consumption. Shrimp aquaculture is affected by the outbreak of various microbial diseases which causes severe mortality in shrimp farming industry. Viral and bacterial diseases are of major concern in shrimp farming systems. Improper use of antibiotics and chemical drugs in aquaculture is accompanied with the potential negative impacts on the environment as well as human health and is also ineffective for many pathogens, particularly virus. Although the effective control of infectious viral diseases without chemicals is important in the cultivation of aquatic organisms. Therefore, advance research is required to standardize prophylactic and control measures in shrimp aquaculture in order to reduce the risk of adverse effects of new disease introduction. Thus, all the information in this review relates to prophylactics that protect the cultivation shrimp industries.
Genomic Insights into Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Exhibiting Diminished Daptomycin Susceptibility

Daptomycin is one of the last therapeutic resources for multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria. Despite its structural similarities with glycopeptides, its mechanisms of action and resistance are different and in some respects are not completely understood. Mutations in several genes have been associated with daptomycin resistance, especially in mprF, walkR, rpoB and rpoC, but their role and importance remain to be elucidated. We have studied mutations in 11 genes, which have been previously associated with daptomycin non-susceptibility, in nine daptomycin-non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates (daptomycin MIC: >1 mg/L). Susceptibility to daptomycin, vancomycin, linezolid, oxacillin, telavancin and dalbavancin was studied. walkR, agrA, cls1, cls2, fakA, pnpA, clpP, prs, rpoB, rpoC and mprF were amplified by PCR and sequenced. The sequences were compared with the S. aureus ATCC 25923 complete genome (GenBank gi: 685631213) by using BLAST® software. We did not find any changes in walkR, pnpA, prs and clpP. All isolates excepting isolate MSa5 showed a high number of significant mutations (between 13 and 25 amino acid changes) in mprF. Most isolates also showed mutations in the rpo genes, the cls genes and fakA. Daptomycin non-susceptibility in S. aureus clinical isolates seems to be reached through different mutation combinations when compared to S. aureus ATCC 25293. Especially mprF and cls1 showed very high polymorphism in most isolates. Meanwhile, one isolate, MSa5, showed only single mutation in mprF (P314T).