Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The `Parahippocampal Place Area' Responds Selectively to High Spatial Frequencies

Defining the exact mechanisms by which the brain processes visual objects and scenes remains an unresolved challenge. Valuable clues to this process have emerged from the demonstration that clusters of neurons (‘‘modules’’) in inferior temporal cortex apparently respond selectively to specific categories of visual stimuli, such as places/scenes. However, the higher-order ‘‘category-selective’’ response could also reflect specific lower-level spatial factors. Here we tested this idea in multiple functional MRI experiments, in humans and macaque monkeys, by systematically manipulating the spatial content of geometrical shapes and natural images. These tests revealed that visual spatial discontinuities (as reflected by an increased response to high spatial frequencies) selectively activate a well-known place-selective region of visual cortex (the ‘‘parahippocampal place area’’) in humans. In macaques, we demonstrate a homologous cortical area, and show that it also responds selectively to higher spatial frequencies. The parahippocampal place area may use such information for detecting object borders and scene details during spatial perception and navigation. Citation: Rajimehr R, Devaney KJ, Bilenko NY, Young JC, Tootell RBH (2011) The ‘‘Parahippocampal Place Area’’ Responds Preferentially to High Spatial Frequencies in Humans and Monkeys. PLoS Biol 9(4): e1000608. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio. 1000608 Academic Editor: David Whitney, University of California Davis, United States of America Received July 15, 2010; Accepted February 25, 2011; Published April 5, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Rajimehr et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This research was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH Grants R01 MH67529 and R01 EY017081 to RBHT), the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, the NCRR, and the MIND Institute. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Abbreviations: c/deg, cycles/degree; FFA, fusiform face area; FFT, fast Fourier transform; fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging; IT, inferior temporal; mFFA, monkey homolog of fusiform face area; mPPA, monkey homolog of parahippocampal place area; PPA, parahippocampal place area; SF, spatial frequency * E-mail: reza@nmr.mgh. harvard.edu
Resilience in knowledge: unpacking adaptation strategies on Erub Island, Torres Strait

Torres Strait Islanders have long been managing their land and sea country. In this vein, they have also been adapting to changes in their local environments since time immoral. Researchers funded by MTSRF Project 1.3. 1 'Traditional knowledge systems and climate change in Torres Strait' have attempted to chart Islanders' actions or activities, adopted in the past and present, to adapt to environmental changes by working with community Elders and Aunties on Erub Island, located in the eastern group of islands of Torres Strait. The project team also worked with some younger Islanders to ensure their collective voice was also heard on the future management of Erub Island. As such, those views are also documented in this report. This report examines and synthesises knowledge from Elders and Aunties of Erub Island, as well as the voice and views of young Islanders. Such knowledge includes the actions and activities that have been employed in the past and present to adapt to environmental changes, including climate and seasonal changes. This information can shed light on Erub Islanders' ways of adapting to changes in the future. The aim of this research was to identify the adaptation strategies (actions and/or activities) that Islanders themselves believe are appropriate for their community, drawing on past and present knowledge. Our role, as the research team, was to document and synthesise beliefs and knowledge, which exist in the pages that follow of this report. Key themes of adaptation that have emerged from the Elders, Aunties and young Islanders include the utilisation of local materials for rock walls, wind breaks and houses; revegetation of areas to combat erosion; reestablishment of fish traps and gardening; the development of social capital, especially women working together; reignition of reading and respecting landscapes; and capacity to transfer knowledge. In reflecting on these adaptation strategies, this report makes comment on the social resilience of Erub Island as a community. In other words, and given the knowledge about adaptation strategies, the overall ability of communities to cope with change and disruption. It is hoped that the findings of this research can be used as a toolkit by those responsible for planning for future generations to further increase the adaptive capacity and overall resilience of the Erub Island community.
Dune erosion near sea walls; XBeach validation

During a storm dunes erode and provide sediment to the beach. The foreshore rises and the wave height decreases. Subsequently the wave-induced water level setup increases. Seawalls do not erode. The waves in front of the seawall remain high throughout the storm and the wave-induced water level setup hardly changes. Over a dune-dike connection a water level gradient drives a current which transports sediment from the dunes to the seabed in front of the seawall. The loss of sediment to the dike causes the foreshore of dunes near the connection to rise slower resulting in more erosion. The amount of additional erosion near structures depends on the angle of wave incidence w.r. t. the shore. Dunes situated downstream of the connection experience a significant increases in erosion. Near the upstream connection sediment is deposited on the seabed in front of the structure. Sediment will pile up against the structure resulting in less erosion near the connection. The influence of structures on dune erosion was investigated in a series of experiments and were aimed at 4 different connections between a dune and a structure. Two configurations of dunes and structures were investigated with 2 different wave periods. In XBeach the erosion in a dike breach is a function of the breach width and the wave period. The erosion increases for a smaller breach width and an increasing wave period. XBeach underestimates the erosion above the dune revetment. The erosion in the revetment breach is predicted well. For experiments V1 & V3 the predictive capabilities of XBeach in dune sections are very good. The performance of XBeach for experiments V2 & V4 is relatively good. The effect of the wave period for 2DH models with a large depth scale (nd = 60) is not properly simulated by XBeach.
Iterative synthetic aperture radar imaging algorithms

Synthetic aperture radar is an important tool in a wide range of civilian and military imaging applications. This is primarily due to its ability to image in all weather conditions, during both the day and the night, unlike optical imaging systems. A synthetic aperture radar system contains a step which is not present in an optical imaging system, this is image formation. This is required because the acquired data from the radar sensor does not directly correspond to the image. Instead, to form an image, the system must solve an inverse problem. In conventional scenarios, this inverse problem is relatively straight forward and a matched filter based algorithm produces an image of suitable image quality. However, there are a number of interesting scenarios where this is not the case. Scenarios where standard image formation algorithms are unsuitable include systems with data undersampling, errors in the system observation model and data that is corrupted by radio frequency interference. Image formation in these scenarios will form the topics of this thesis and a number of iterative algorithms are proposed to achieve image formation. The motivation for these proposed algorithms is primarily from the field of compressed sensing, which considers the recovery of signals with a low-dimensional structure. The first contribution of this thesis is the development of fast algorithms for the system observation model and its adjoint. These algorithms are required by large-scale gradient based iterative algorithms for image formation. The proposed algorithms are based on existing fast back-projection algorithms, however, a new decimation strategy is proposed which is more suitable for some applications. The second contribution is the development of a framework for iterative near-field image formation, which uses the proposed fast algorithms. It is shown that the framework can be used, in some scenarios, to improve the visual quality of images formed from fully sampled data and undersampled data, when compared to images formed using matched filter based algorithms. The third contribution concerns errors in the system observation model. Algorithms that correct these errors are commonly referred to as autofocus algorithms. It is shown that conventional autofocus algorithms, which work as a post-processor on the formed image, are unsuitable for undersampled data. Instead an autofocus algorithm is proposed which corrects errors within the iterative image formation procedure. The proposed algorithm is provably stable and con-
Interaction Effects of Lipoprotein Lipase Polymorphisms with Lifestyle on Lipid Levels in a Korean Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays an essential role in the regulation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and triglyceride levels, which have been closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Genetic studies in European have shown that LPL single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are strongly associated with lipid levels. However, studies about the influence of interactions between LPL SNPs and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently performed. Here, we examine if LPL polymorphisms, as well as their interaction with lifestyle factors, influence lipid concentrations in a Korean population. A two-stage association study was performed using genotype data for SNPs on the LPL gene, including the 3' flanking region from 7,536 (stage 1) and 3,703 (stage 2) individuals. The association study showed that 15 SNPs and 4 haplotypes were strongly associated with HDLC (lowest p = 2.86 × 10-22) and triglyceride levels (lowest p = 3.0 × 10-15). Interactions between LPL polymorphisms and lifestyle factors (lowest p = 9.6 × 10-4) were also observed on lipid concentrations. These findings suggest that there are interaction effects of LPL polymorphisms with lifestyle variables, including energy intake, fat intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption, as well as effects of LPL polymorphisms themselves, on lipid concentrations in a Korean population.
Détection et prédiction de défaillances dans un parc d'éoliennes à l'aide de réseaux bayésiens

Dans le domaine de la production d'energie eolienne, une des pistes les plus promet-teuses pour la maitrise des couts en phase operationnelle passe par la prediction et la detection precoce des defaillances. Dans cette etude nous presentons une premiere approche qui se veut realiste et applicable facilement sur des donnees reelles. Notre approche repose sur l'utilisa-tion de reseaux bayesiens et essaie d'utiliser l'ensemble des informations qui remontent des outils de surveillance et de gestion des parcs d'eoliennes : informations SCADA specifiques au fonctionnement de chaque eolienne, informations qui concernent la ferme dans son ensemble et informations de maintenance.
The Ulysses Factor: Evaluating Visitors in Tourist Settings

1: Tourism Studies in Context. - 2: Conceptual Approaches to Visitor Evaluation. - 3: Methodological Issue in Tourist Research. - 4: The Theme Parks. - 5: Museums and Visitor Centres. - 6: Historic Sites and Farm Tourism. - 7: Tourist Attitudes in Natural Environments. - 8: Foreign Places and Faces Images and Authenticity. - 9: Tourism Industry Research. - 10: Conclusion. - References.
Almost Optimal Testers for Concise Representations

We give improved and almost optimal testers for several classes of Boolean functions on $n$ inputs that have concise representation in the uniform and distribution-free model. Classes, such as $k$-junta, $k$-linear functions, $s$-term DNF, $s$-term monotone DNF, $r$-DNF, decision list, $r$-decision list, size-$s$ decision tree, size-$s$ Boolean formula, size-$s$ branching programs, $s$-sparse polynomials over the binary field and function with Fourier degree at most $d$. The method can be extended to several other classes of functions over any domain that can be approximated by functions that have a small number of relevant variables.
Venous ulcer: epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment

This review discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and current therapeutic options for venous ulcer. Venous ulcer is a severe clinical manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). It is responsible for about 70% of chronic ulcers of the lower limbs. The high prevalence of venous ulcer has a significant socioeconomic impact in terms of medical care, days off work and reduced quality of life. Long‐term therapeutics are needed to heal venous ulcers and recurrence is quite common, ranging from 54 to 78%. Thrombophlebitis and trauma with long‐term immobilization predisposing to deep venous thrombosis are important risk factors for CVI and venous ulcer. The most recent theories about pathogenesis of venous ulcer have associated it with microcirculatory abnormalities and generation of an inflammatory response. Management of venous leg ulcers is based on understanding the pathogenesis. In recent years novel therapeutic approaches for venous ulcers have offered valuable tools for the management of patients with this disorder.
Toward Efficient Detection of Small Near-Earth Asteroids Using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF)

We describe ZStreak, a semi-real-time pipeline specialized in detecting small, fast-moving, near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), which is currently operating on the data from the newly commissioned Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey. Based on a prototype originally developed by Waszczak et al. () for the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF), the predecessor of ZTF, ZStreak features an improved machine-learning model that can cope with the 10× data rate increment between PTF and ZTF. Since its first discovery on 2018 February 5 (2018 CL), ZTF/ZStreak has discovered 45 confirmed new NEAs over a total of 232 observable nights until 2018 December 31. Most of the discoveries are small NEAs, with diameters less than ∼100 m. By analyzing the discovery circumstances, we find that objects having the first to last detection time interval under 2 hr are at risk of being lost. We will further improve real-time follow-up capabilities, and work on suppressing false positives using deep learning.
2 2 N ov 2 01 3 Geometry behind Robertson type uncertainty principles ∗

A nontrivial lower bound for the determinant of the covariance matrix of quantum mechanical observables has previously been presented by Gibilisco and Andai. In that inequality the Riemannian metric occurred just in the lower bound. We endow the state space with special Riemannian metrics, such that both sides of the uncertainty relation can be derived only from the metric and we prove an uncertainty relation for these metrics. From our result the relation between the quantum covariance, the metric dependent symmetric and antisymmetric covariances follows easily furthermore we give a better lower bound for the determinant of the covariance matrix. Introduction The states of an n-level system are identified with the set of n×n self adjoint positive semidefinite matrices with trace 1, and the physical observables are identified with n×n self adjoint matrices. The concept of uncertainty was introduced by Heisenberg in 1927 [7], who demonstrated the impossibility of simultaneous measurement of position (q) and momentum (p). He considered Gaussian distributions (f(q)), and defined uncertainty of f as its width Df . If the width of the Fourier transform of f is denoted by DF(f) then the first formalization of the uncertainty principle can be written as DfDF(f) = constant. In 1927 Kennard generalized Heisenberg’s result [10], he proved the inequality VarD(A)VarD(B) ≥ 1 4 for observables A,B which satisfy the relation [A,B] = − i, for every state D, where VarD(A) = Tr(DA2)−(Tr(DA))2. In 1929 Robertson [18] extended Kennard’s result for arbitrary two observables A,B VarD(A)VarD(B) ≥ 1 4 |Tr(D [A,B])|. keywords: uncertainty principle, quantum Fisher information; MSC: 62B10, 94A17 lovas@math.bme. hu andaia@math.bme. hu
Graphene supercapacitor with both high power and energy density

Supercapacitors, based on fast ion transportation, are specialized to provide high power, long stability, and efficient energy storage using highly porous electrode materials. However, their low energy density excludes them from many potential applications that require both high energy density and high power density performances. Using a scalable nanoporous graphene synthesis method involving an annealing process in hydrogen, here we show supercapacitors with highly porous graphene electrodes capable of achieving not only a high power density of 41 kW kg−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 97.5%, but also a high energy density of 148.75 Wh kg−1. A high specific gravimetric and volumetric capacitance (306.03 F g−1 and 64.27 F cm−3) are demonstrated. The devices can retain almost 100% capacitance after 7000 charging/discharging cycles at a current density of 8 A g−1. The superior performance of supercapacitors is attributed to their ideal pore size, pore uniformity, and good ion accessibility of the synthesized graphene.
The effects of forest loss on precipitation and stream discharge in the upper catchment of Ewaso Ngiro south river

Forest loss is a direct driver of change to precipitation and stream discharge. These include changes in annual rainfall, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and rise and fall in stream discharge. This study focused on assessing the effects of forest loss on precipitation and stream discharge in the upper catchment of the Ewaso Ngiro South River. The destruction of forest in the upper catchment of Ewaso Ngiro South River is threatening hydrological functions, endangering water supplies for people downstream. It is also causing severe siltation, flooding, extreme low flows, disruption of socio-economic activities and ecological alteration downstream. The aim of the study was to assess how forest loss is driving and affecting precipitation and stream discharge in the upper catchment of Ewaso Ngiro South River. This was done by identifying and mapping forest cover; assessing trends in precipitation and stream discharge; and the correlation between forest cover, precipitation and stream discharge between 1975 and 2008. Based on satellite imagery forest cover areas were computed and correlated to precipitation and stream discharge data to establish direction and significance of association. The results revealed a decline in forest cover and in the number of rainy days and a general increase in the mean annual rainfall between 1975 and 2008. Comparison of the mean annual rainfall for three ten year periods from 1979 to 2008 revealed that there was an increase in the mean annual rainfall from 1979 to 1988 and 1989 to 1998 and a decline from 1999 to 2008. Stream discharge for Ewaso Ngiro, Narok and Siayabei Rivers decreased between 1975 and 2008. Correlation between forest cover and mean annual rainfall revealed a negative association while forest cover versus the number of rainy days revealed a positive association. This implied that as forest cover decreased the mean annual rainfall increased but its distribution over time decreased. Correlation between forest cover and stream discharge revealed a positive association. This implied that forest cover and stream discharge declined in unison. Impacts of forest loss on precipitation and stream discharge have far reaching implications on the social, economic and ecological character of the upper catchment of Ewaso Ngiro South River. The study culminated in the development of an integrated river basin management plan that gives direction on coordinated conservation, management and development of water, land and related resources across sectors within Ewaso Ngiro South River basin.
Robust Subspace Discovery through Supervised Low-Rank Constraints

Subspace learning is a popular approach for feature extraction and classification. However, its performance would be heavily degraded when data are corrupted by large amounts of noise. Inspired by recent work in matrix recovery, we tackle this problem by exploiting a subspace that is robust to noise and large variability for classification. Specifically, we propose a novel Supervised Regularization based Robust Subspace (SRRS) approach via low-rank learning. Unlike existing subspace methods, our approach jointly learns lowrank representations and a robust subspace from noisy observations. At the same time, to improve the classification performance, class label information is incorporated as supervised regularization. The problem can then be formulated as a constrained rank minimization objective function, which can be effectively solved by the inexact augmented Lagrange multiplier (ALM) algorithm. Our approach differs from current sparse representation and low-rank learning methods in that it explicitly learns a low-dimensional subspace where the supervised information is incorporated. Extensive experimental results on four datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art subspace and low-rank learning methods in almost all cases, especially when the data contain large variations or are heavily
Monitoring School Quality An Indicators Report

Explores why some schools may be better than others at helping students learn by identifying and critiquing national indicator data on school leadership, goals, professional community, discipline, academic environment, teacher academic skills, teaching assignment, teacher experience, professional development, course content, pedagogy, technology and class size. Notes that teachers make a difference.
The Water Pollution of Yocheon, Uppermost Stream of the Sumjin River

The Yocheon is an upper stream of Sumjin river, passing through Namwon city. The water temperature of the stream increases from upper stream to downstream. The amount of COD, T-P, T-N, EC, TDS abruptly increases at measuring site 8. Whereas, the pH and DO level abruptly decreases at this site. At this point, the Yocheon river joins another small stream passing through the central part of Namwon city. At a further downstream pass site 8, the amount of COD on April and June (a dry season) is on third grade of water quality for lacustrine. This contamination suggests that sewage from the Namwon city provide COD, T-N, T-P into the stream. At point 2, the high amount of T-N indicates that the upper stream is contaminated by agricultural activity.