Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law Digital Commons @ University at Buffalo School of Law

Why do states fail? Why do failed states persist without collapsing into complete anarchy? This paper argues that given insurgency or weakened state capacity, rulers may fnd it best, paradoxically, to reduce the amount of political good it provides as a means of sustaining some amount of their rule. Moreover, although the consequence is political fragmentation and increasing levels of violence, this is not inconsistent with the continuation of attenuated central governance. To evaluate this argument, I select the case of King Stephen’s reign in medieval England. Although far removed historically from contemporary cases of state failure, the reign of King Stephen exhibits just those characteristics of modern, failed states: insurgency, civil war, territorial fragmentation, increasing disorder and violence (even between adherents to the same side of the civil confict), and yet the persistence of some amount of centralized rule.
a NNALES SCIEN n IFIQUES SUPÉRIEU k E d� L ÉCOLE h ORMALE

A ʙ��ʀ��� . – Consider the following uniformization problem. Take two holomorphic (parametrized by some analytic set deﬁned on a neighborhood of 0 in C p , for some p > 0 ) or di ﬀ erentiable (parametrized by an open neighborhood of 0 in R p , for some p > 0 ) deformation families of compact complex manifolds. Assume they are pointwise isomorphic, that is for each point t of the parameter space, the ﬁber over t of the ﬁrst family is biholomorphic to the ﬁber over t of the second family. Then, under which conditions are the two families locally isomorphic at 0? In this article, we give a su ﬃ cient condition in the case of holomorphic families. We show then that, surprisingly, this condition is not su ﬃ cient in the case of di ﬀ erentiable families. We also describe di ﬀ erent types of counterexamples and give some elements of classiﬁcation of the counterexamples. These results rely on a geometric study of the Kuranishi space of a compact complex manifold.
Obesity Prevention for Junior High School Students: An Intervention Programme

Background: Generally, schools are an important setting to provide programmes for obesity prevention for children because the vast majority of children attend school. This study investigates how an intervention programme in the school subject of Physical Education can help reduce obesity for junior high school students in combination with information on dietary and health matters in school and family. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study for junior high school students (N = 250) and a questionnaire were used as research methods. Results: A large number of the participants was found to be overweight (24.4%) and the boys outnumbered the girls both in the group of overweight students and the group of obese students. Also, the parents’ obesity is an important factor to whether a child will become obese or overweight as the bodymetrics of the parents showed that obese parents tend to have obese children. Finally, physical activity (for an extra two hours per week) and the dietary instructions that the parents give their children can reduce the number of overweight and obese students. Conclusion: Schools and physical activity are crucial factors for childhood obesity prevention strategies.
Linear and circular polarization of a 1D relativistic jet model

Context. Polarimetric observations of black holes allow us to probe structures of magnetic fields and plasmas in strong gravity. Aims. We present a study of the polarimetric properties of a synchrotron spectrum emitted from a relativistic jet using a low-dimensional model. Methods. A novel numerical scheme is used to integrate relativistic polarized radiative transfer equations in a slab geometry where the plasma conditions change along the integration path. Results. We find that the simple model of a non-uniform jet can recover basic observational characteristics of some astrophysical sources with a relativistic jet, such as extremely high rotation measures. Our models incorporate a time-dependent component. A small fluctuation in density or temperature of the plasma along the jet produces significant amounts of fluctuations not only in the fractional linear and circular polarizations, but also in the jet internal rotation measures. Conclusions. The low-dimensional models presented here are developed within the same computational framework as the complex three-dimensional general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of black hole disks and jets, and they offer guidance when interpreting the results from more complex polarization models. The models presented here are scalable to stationary and transient polarized radio emissions produced by relativistic plasma ejected from around compact objects, in both stellar-mass and supermassive black hole systems.
Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis : Consensus Recommendations From the Turkish

1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Ankara University, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 3Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Ankara University, Haymana Vocational School, Ankara, Turkey; 4Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey; 5Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; 6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 7Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey; 8Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey; 9Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Akdeniz University, Division of Rheumatology, Antalya, Turkey; 10Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Celal Bayar University, Division of Rheumatology, Manisa, Turkey; 11Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Gazi University, Division of Rheumatology, Ankara, Turkey; 12Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, İzmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey; 13Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Van Training and Research Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Van, Turkey; 14Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Cumhuriyet University, Division of Rheumatology, Sivas, Turkey; 15Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, İzmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey; 16İstanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey; 17Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Bezmialem Vakıf University, İstanbul, Turkey; 18Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey; 19Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Faculty of Erciyes University, Division of Rheumatology, Kayseri, Turkey;
Pregnancy Prevents Hypertensive Remodeling of Cerebral Arteries: A Potential Role in the Development of Eclampsia

We investigated how hypertension during pregnancy affected passive structural (wall:lumen, wall stress) and active (myogenic activity) responses of the cerebral circulation. Female nonpregnant (NP; n=8) Sprague Dawley rats were compared with late-pregnant (LP; day 19 to 20, n=6) rats. Some animals were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor nitro-l-arginine in their drinking water to raise blood pressure. LP rats (n=6) were treated for the last 7 days of pregnancy (last trimester) to mimic preeclampsia and compared with NP rats treated for the same duration (n=8). Active and passive responses were determined on isolated and pressurized third-order posterior cerebral arteries. Nitro-l-arginine treatment significantly raised blood pressure in both groups of animals that was associated with increased wall thickness and wall:lumen ratio in the NP hypertensive animals versus controls (P<0.05). In contrast, this response to pressure was absent in LP animals, which had similar wall measurements. In addition, arteries from NP hypertensive animals had increased myogenic tone and pressure of forced dilatation compared with NP control animals (P<0.01). Again, this response was lacking in the LP hypertensive animals that had similar tone and pressure of forced dilatation as normotensive controls. The increased tone and wall thickness decreased wall stress in the NP hypertensive animals, a response that did not occur in LP hypertensive animals. Because medial hypertrophy is considered a protective response to elevated blood pressure, these results suggest that hypertension in pregnancy may predispose the cerebral circulation to autoregulatory breakthrough and blood–brain–barrier disruption when blood pressure is elevated, as during eclampsia.
Role of Berries on Vascular Function: A Systematic-Review of Human Intervention Studies

27 Context Berries are a source of polyphenols with recognised health-promoting activities. Objective 28 The aim of this systematic review is to provide evidence of short and long-term benefits of berries on 29 vascular function. Data sources Human intervention studies were collected from PubMed and Scopus 30 databases Data extraction After selection, 22 randomized-controlled trials were included and 31 analyzed. Most of them were performed in healthy subjects or individuals with cardiovascular risk 32 factors. Results The overall results seem to suggest a protective role of berries on vascular function 33 even if dependent on time of exposure, type and dose of berry and biomarkers analysed. Flow 34 mediated dilation and reactive hyperaemia index (markers of vascular reactivity) improved following 35 short-term interventions, while pulse wave velocity and augmentation index (markers of arterial 36 stiffness) only after medium-long term studies. Conclusions In conclusion, the current evidence 37 suggests that berries, at physiological relevant doses, may have a role in the modulation of vascular 38 function and stiffness. High-quality human intervention trials are encouraged in order to strengthen 39 these findings and to better elucidate the mechanisms involved in such modulation. 40
An Exploration of the Contextual Factors Affecting the Nexus of Competitive Strategy and Human Resource Management Practices in Nigeria’s Emerging Economy Context

Despite increasing calls for context-specific and practice-based strategic human resource management research in emerging economies, to date there have been limited empirical studies on Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest economies and a newly emerging economy experiencing strong economic development, rapid industrialisation, and integration into global markets. This study explores the moderating influence of contextual factors on the nexus of competitive strategy (CS) and human resource management practices (HRMPs) in Nigeria. We employ the social and comparative institutional theories to address the moderating influence of the contextual factors on the CS–HRMP nexus using a qualitative research approach. Data were collected from thirty human resource management professionals and top management across medium-sized enterprises in Nigeria via semi-structured interviews. The resulting data were analysed through thematic analysis. We establish six main contextual factors— culture and value system, religion, ethnicity and linguistic affinity, economic factors, politics and governmental policies, and quality of education and low-skilled workforce—and the processes through which these factors influence the CS–HRMP nexus in Nigeria.
AUTOMATIC IMAGE TO MODEL ALIGNMENT FOR PHOTO-REALISTIC URBAN MODEL RECONSTRUCTION

OF THESIS AUTOMATIC IMAGE TO MODEL ALIGNMENT FOR PHOTOREALISTIC URBAN MODEL RECONSTRUCTION We introduce a hybrid approach in which images of an urban scene are automatically aligned with a base geometry of the scene to determine model-relative external camera parameters. The algorithm takes as input a model of the scene and images with approximate external camera parameters and aligns the images to the model by extracting the facades from the images and aligning the facades with the model by minimizing over a multivariate objective function. The resulting image-pose pairs can be used to render photo-realistic views of the model via texture mapping. Several natural extensions to the base hybrid reconstruction technique are also introduced. These extensions, which include vanishing point based calibration refinement and video stream based reconstruction, increase the accuracy of the base algorithm, reduce the amount of data that must be provided by the user as input to the algorithm, and provide a mechanism for automatically calibrating a large set of images for post processing steps such as automatic model enhancement and fly-through model visualization. Traditionally, photo-realistic urban reconstruction has been approached from purely image-based or model-based approaches. Recently, research has been conducted on hybrid approaches, which combine the use of images and models. Such approaches typically require user assistance for camera calibration. Our approach is an improvement over these methods because it does not require user assistance for camera calibration.
contextual factors, technical performance and movement

32 Purpose: The aim of the study was to identify the association between several contextual 33 match factors, technical performance and external movement demands on the subjective task 34 load of elite rugby league players. Methods: Individual subjective task load, quantified using 35 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), was 36 collected from 29 professional rugby league players from one club competing in the European 37 Super League throughout the 2017 season. The sample consisted of 26 matches, culminating 38 in 441 individual data points. Linear mixed-modelling was adopted to analyze the data for 39 relationships and revealed that various combinations of contextual factors, technical 40 performance and movement demands were associated with subjective task load. Results: 41 Greater number of tackles (effect size correlation ± 90% CI; η 2 = 0.18 ±0.11), errors ( η 2 = 0.15 42 ±0.08) decelerations ( η 2 = 0.12 ±0.08), increased sprint distance ( η 2 = 0.13 ±0.08), losing 43 matches ( η 2 = 0.36 ±0.08) and increased perception of effort ( η 2 = 0.27 ±0.08) led to most likely 44 – very likely increases in subjective total task load. The independent variables included in the 45 final model for subjective mental demand (match outcome, time played and number of 46 accelerations) were unclear , excluding a likely small correlation with the number of technical 47 errors ( η 2 = 0.10 ±0.08). Conclusions: These data provide a greater understanding of the 48 subjective task load and their association with several contextual factors, technical performance 49 and external movement demands during rugby league competition. Practitioners could use this 50 detailed quantification of internal loads to inform the prescription of recovery sessions and 51 current training practices. 52 53
Introduction to radar analysis

Introduction to Signal Processing Radar Fundamentals Radar Equation, Radar Cross Section, and Receiver Noise Probability of Detection and Radar Losses Continuous Wave and Pulsed Radars The Matched Filter, The Ambiguity Function, and Pulse Compression Clutter and Radar Wave Propagation Moving Target Indicators (MTI) Target Tracking Radar Systems Array Antennas Synthetic Aperture Radar Appendix A: Fourier Transform Table Appendix B: Some Common Probability Densities Appendix C: Z Transform Table Bibliography Index
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke

This chapter will review updates in the various imaging modalities used to diagnose acute ischemic stroke (AIS), how these are used to select patients for intervention, and the different interventions used for management of AIS. The backbone of the AIS diagnostic algorithm remains the computed tomography scan (CT) given its speed of use and sensitivity. CT-angiography (CTA) is crucial in diagnosing large-vessel occlusions (LVOs) and multiphase CTA and CT-perfusion (CTP) can demonstrate the number of collaterals in the area and remaining salvageable tissue. MRI can be used to select patients presenting in an unknown time window for thrombolysis. The primary goal of AIS management is to rescue the ischemic penumbra and the approach to treating AIS has gone from a timebased to tissue-based approach. While tPA is still the agent of choice for thrombolysis in patients with AIS, tenecteplase (TNK) may be just as effective and more efficient to use. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has shown considerable efficacy for alleviating LVOs and using CTP, patients can be selected for hours after symptom-onset if viable tissue remains. It remains unclear if an “EVT-alone” strategy is superior to “tPA + EVT” strategy but this may be dependent on clot, patient, and geographical characteristics.
Movement and Habitat Use of Chinook Salmon Smolts, Northern Pikeminnow, and Smallmouth Bass Near the SR 520 Bridge: 2007 Acoustic Tracking Study

The authors used a fine-scale acoustic tracking system to track tagged fish in a 17.2 ha area along a 560 m stretch of the SR 520 bridge from late May through early August 2007. The study site was the west end of the bridge in Lake Washington, Washington near Union Bay and lies within a major migratory corridor for Chinook salmon smolts. Thirty-seven, 68 and 66 tagged Chinook salmon smolts were released on June 1, 14, and 28, respectively. Migratory behaviors of tracked fish were similar within release groups but varied considerably between release groups. Most actively migrating Chinook salmon appeared delayed by the bridge. Conversely, fish that were holding in the area rather than actively migrating through appeared to selectively choose to reside in areas near the bridge for prolonged periods. The holding behavior did not appear triggered by the bridge. Results from tagged northern pikeminnow suggest that the bridge may not be a major foraging site. Smallmouth bass strongly selected the bridge as well as nearshore overwater structures.
Analysis of the unusually cold Arctic winter 2015/16 lowermost stratosphere by airborne and satellite observations and atmospheric models

In dieser Dissertation wird der zeitliche Verlauf der fur die stratospharische Chlorchemie relevanten Spurengase in der untersten Stratosphare (lowermost stratosphere, LMS) wahrend des arktischen Winters 2015/16 umfassend dargestellt und analysiert. Dieser Winter zeichnete sich durch ausergewohnlich niedrige stratospharische Temperaturen aus. Horizontal und vertikal aufgeloste Spurengasmessungen des flugzeuggebundenen abbildenden Horizontsondierers GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) von der sogenannten PGS-Messkampagne wurden fur eine detaillierte Analyse der oberen Troposphare und unteren Stratosphare (UTLS) verwendet. GLORIA wurde wahrend dieser PGS-Messkampagne auf dem deutschen Forschungsflugzeug HALO (High Altitude and LOng range research aircraft) verwendet. Die wissenschaftlichen Fluge fanden zwischen dem 17. Dezember 2015 und dem 18. Marz 2016 statt und erstreckten sich uber eine Region von 25–87°N und 80°W–30°O. Auf 15 wissenschaftlichen Flugen hat das GLORIA-Messinstrument mehr als 15.000 atmospharische Profile in hoher spektraler Auflosung gemessen. Von diesen Messungen wurden zweidimensionale Verteilungen von Temperatur und den Spurengasen Salpetersaure (HNO3), Ozon (O3), Chlornitrat (ClONO2), Wasserdampf (H2O) und Dichlordifluormethan (CFC-12) abgeleitet. Abhangig von der Flughohe und der tropospharischen Wolkenoberkante reichen die Temperatur- und Spurengasprofile von 5 bis 14 km Hohe. Die vertikale Auflosung dieser Profile betragt zwischen 400 und 1000 m. Die Profile wurden auf Flughohe mit simultan gemessenen in situ-Messungen validiert. Vergleiche mit den raumlich geringer aufgelosten Satellitenmessungen des Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) zeigen ubereinstimmende Strukturen. Drei Messfluge im Januar, Februar und Marz 2016 werden bezuglich horizontaler und vertikaler Strukturen von O3 , ClONO2 und HNO3 detailliert analysiert. Diese Gase zeigen eine starke horizontale und vertikale Variabilitat. ClONO2-Volumenmischungsverhaltnisse von bis zu 1100 pptv wurden in feinen atmospharischen Strukturen auf einer Hohe von 380 K potentieller Temperatur gemessen. Ahnliche feine Strukturen sind in O3- und HNO3-Messungen von GLORIA zu erkennen. Satellitenmessungen von MLS und ACE-FTS (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer) bieten einen Uberblick uber den gesamten arktischen Winter sowie uber die Zusammensetzung der Stratosphare oberhalb der HALO-Flughohe. Zeitreihen dieser Satellitenmessungen zeigen im Zeitraum von Januar bis Februar 2016 ungewohnlich niedrige Vorkommen von Salzsaure (HCl) und ClONO2 auf einer Hohe von 380 K potentieller Temperatur, wahrend Chlormonoxid (ClO) deutlich erhoht war. Im Marz 2016 wurde aktives Chlor ausergewohnlich schnell in HCl deaktiviert, anstelle der fur die Arktis ublichen Deaktivierung in ClONO2. Die Messungen werden verwendet, um das Chemietransportmodell CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) sowie das Chemie-Klima-Modell EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry) zu uberprufen. …
From SSA to Synchronous Concurrency and Back

: We are interested in the programming and compilation of reactive, real-time systems. More speciﬁcally, we would like to understand the fundamental principles common to general-purpose and synchronous languages—used to model reactive control systems—and from this to derive a compilation ﬂow suitable for both high-performance and reactive aspects of a modern control application. To this end, we ﬁrst identify the key operational mechanisms of synchronous languages that SSA does not cover: synchronization of computations with an external time base, cyclic I/O, and the semantic notion of absent value which allows the natural representation of variables whose initialization does not follow simple structural rules such as control ﬂow dominance. Then, we show how the SSA form in its MLIR implementation can be seamlessly extended to cover these mechanisms, enabling the application of all SSA-based transformations and optimizations. We illustrate this on the representation and compilation of the Lustre dataﬂow synchronous language. Most notably, in the analysis and compilation of Lustre embedded into MLIR, the initialization-related static analysis and code generation aspects can be fully separated from memory allocation and causality aspects, the latter being covered by the existing dominance-based algorithms of MLIR/SSA, resulting in a high degree of conceptual and code reuse . Our work allows the speciﬁcation of both computational and control aspects of high-performance real-time applications. It paves the way for the deﬁnition of more eﬃcient design and implementation ﬂows where real-time ressource allocation drives parallelization and optimization.