Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Solid Loading Rates of Faecal Sludge on the Dewatering Performance of Unplanted Filter Bed.

The aim of this study was to investigate which Solid Loading Rate (SLR) of faecal sludge will best improve the dewatering performance of selected sand with particle sizes range of (? 0.1 ? 0.5) mm raised on bench scale filter beds. Public toilet sludge and septage collected from suction trucks discharging at Dompoase stabilisation ponds in Kumasi , Ghana, mixed in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 by volume representing SLR1, SLR2 and SLR3 respectively, were used for the dewatering. Percolate volume was measured every 24 hour. The faecal sludge of SLR1, SLR2 and SLR3 dewatered at average dewatering times of 7, 5 and 4 days respectively. Removal efficiencies of the different solid loading rates though very high for TS, SS, TVS, COD, DCOD, NH 3 -N, did not show any significant difference. Organic matter build up in the top 10cm of the filter bed was least in SLR3. Again SLR3 showed the highest potential for annual generation of biosolids at 438, 421 and 379 (kg/m 2 year) for SL3, SLR2 and SLR1 respectively. Therefore SLR3 of faecal sludge is recommended for dewatering on the selected filter bed. Key words : Faecal sludge, solid loading rate, dewatering time, filter bed, percolate.
ATINER ' s Conference Paper Series SOS 2014-1327

Disturbed sleep has a significant impact on daytime functioning, mood and quality of life. Sleep disorders are among the most common conditions that affect the general population. Sleep initiation and maintenance difficulties have been associated with mood disturbance, fatigue, occupational impairment, higher morbidity and higher health care costs. Individuals with insomnia often do not seek treatment and when they do they typically initiate over-the-counter sleep medications or alcohol. Furthermore, when they reach out to the medical profession they are, most commonly, prescribed hypnotic medication. There has been increased recognition of the role of psychological and behavioral factors in etiology, assessment and treatment of certain sleep disorders. However, despite this, many mental health professionals are unaware of nonpharmacological treatments for sleep disorders and/or lack the knowledge to recognize and identify sleep problems and implement specific interventions. Sleep disturbance has seldom been the focus of general psychotherapy and empirically validated non pharmacological treatments are rarely used outside sleep disorder centers. The purpose of this paper is to provide mental health professionals with a practical framework for the assessment and management of common sleep disorders seen in clinical practice. Evidence based practice parameters and consensus-based recommendations will be reviewed. Non pharmacological therapies including stimulus control, progressive muscle relaxation, light therapy, sleep restriction, and cognitive-behavior therapy will be presented. Their efficacy when used in clinical practice by non-sleep specialists is well documented. Use of behavioral and psychological treatments for sleep disorders has been found to lead to improvements in sleep quality that are sustained long term and long after treatment completion. Reduction in sleep difficulties improve quality of life and lead to a reduction in hypnotic medication use and dependence.
A Mixed Flowing/Powder Snow Avalanche Model

pie, Voellmy-type models are judged too . curately represent the complex flow beha . snow avalanches. They are, however, well Ii titioners. The depth-averaged turbidity siders entrainment and deposition proc not been applied to model more than one snow avalanche event (Fukushima & Parker three-dimensional models have not yet been. flowing avalanche models. In addition, they computationally demanding and expensive. tioners have the know-how, the money or infrastructure to apply them to real situ . Despite these modelling attempts, greatest hindrance to the development of a ing/powder snow avalanche model is the perimental data. The Swiss Valle de la Sion was constructed to remedy this problem ( per in these proceedings). For an exainpleof avalanche in this experimental area, see Fi though the test site was partially destroyed catastrophic avalanche winter of 1999, e was gathered, especially photogrammetric ance measurements and video recordings. development of a more complicated avala ics model. Work is presently underway to test site. In the following, a mixed flowing/powder model is presented. The motion of the powder cloud is d set of depth-integrated balance equatio~s mass and momentum. The incompressible, powder cloud is assumed to be composed des suspended in air to form a continuOUS ·Corresponding author address: Perry Bartelt, Swiss Federal Institute of Snow and Aval3nche Research, Fliielastr. 10, CH7260 D3vos Dorf;tel +41 81 4170 251; f3X +41 81 4170 110; em3il b3rteltGslf.ch ABSTRACT One-dimensional layer-averaged equations describing the mechanics of mixed flowingl avalanches areformulated and solved. The equations describe the volume, mass and momentum ba powder and flowing parts of the avalanche. The powder cloud of changing density is assumed to be in and the suspended ice particles inert with respect to small scale turbulent fluctuations in the air. velocity and density profiles are based on experiments and supplement . the depth-averaged equations. flowing avalanche is of constant flow density. Longitudinal straining of the granular flow mass is with an active/passive pressure with cohesion. The mass exchange between the flowing and POWder assumed to be velocity dependent. Air entrainment into the powder cloud is governed by a dimen . factor. Therefore, the initiation and eventual self-acceleration of the powder cloud from a full flowing is modelled. It is possible to simulate the evolution of a large powder cloud from a dense flowing Deceleration of the powder cloud is due to conversion of kinetic flow energy into potential energy a energy in the air which is eventually dissipated. The stagnant powder cloud left behind the fl modelled as a mass loss at the tail of the avalanche. Several calculation examples of mixed fl • avalanches are presented showing the practicality of the new model.
Making the Transition: EU-China Cooperation on Renewable Energy and Carbon Capture and Storage

In 2010, relations between the European Union (EU) and China reached their 35-year anniversary. Although initially centred primarily on economic cooperation, China's rapid industrialisation meant that over time this development placed increasing pressure on the environment. Keen to sustain this economic growth and ensure the availability of sufficient energy sources to that effect, China's progress in the field of renewable energy in recent years is as much about security of supply, as it is about counteracting the effects of environmental degradation and climate change.In its efforts to safeguard its economic growth, China is increasingly competing with Europe over scarce fossil fuel sources, such as natural gas from Central Asia. The focus of EU-China energy cooperation is therefore structured in relation to managing the latter's energy demand to limit its impact on climate change and the environment, as well as in terms of relieving pressure on the Union's own security of supply.Particularly since the second half of the 2000s, much has changed in China after the adoption of the Renewable Energy Law (REL or "the Law") and the establishment of the EU-China Partnership on Climate Change at the 2005 EU-China summit. Departing from a brief chronological analysis that dates from the early 1990s until today, this Working Paper zooms in on two particular areas: (i) EU-China cooperation on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies; and (ii) the development of the Chinese renewable energy market. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations on specific challenges identified within these two sectors of cooperation.
Nowoczesne formy edukacji pacjentów — czy będą skutecznym narzędziem w walce o przestrzeganie zaleceń przez chorych?

Wstep: W ostatnich latach obserwuje sie znaczny rozwoj technik multimedialnych, w tym projekcji filmow trojwymiarowych (3D) w wirtualnej rzeczywistości (VR, virtual reality ). Badanie OCCULUS zostalo zaprojektowane w celu propagowania wiedzy o roznych chorobach wśrod pacjentow poprzez film 3D VR. Glownym celem badania byla analiza, czy wiedza na temat choroby zaczerpnieta z filmu (3D VR), bedzie dla pacjenta zrozumiala i tym samym latwa do przyswojenia i zapamietania. Material i metody: Do jednoośrodkowego, prospektywnego badania wlączono 46 pacjentow (w tym 37% kobiet). Kwestionariusz zawieral pytania dotyczące wywiadu w kierunku migotania przedsionkow (AF), wiedzy o migotaniu przedsionkow i konsekwencji stosowania lekow przeciwkrzepliwych. Nastepnie za pomocą gogli Occulus i smartfona pokazywano chorym krotki film w technologii 3D. Projekcja odnosila sie do ryzyka udaru w migotaniu przedsionkow i mozliwości dzialan profilaktycznych poprzez regularne stosowanie lekow przeciwkrzepliwych. Poźniej zadano kolejne pytania odnośnie fabuly i treści filmu. Okolo tygodnia po projekcji filmu podobne pytania zadano podczas ankiety telefonicznej. Wyniki: Spośrod przebadanych pacjentow 72% podalo dodatni wywiad w kierunku migotania przedsionkow. Na pytanie „Czy stosowanie odpowiedniej farmakoterapii pozwoli zmniejszyc ryzyko udarow niedokrwiennych spowodowanych zatorem w tetnicach mozgowych? ” przed obejrzeniem filmu pozytywnie odpowiedzialo 80,4% badanych, natychmiast po projekcji 97,8% (p = 0,0152 przy porownaniu do wiedzy przed obejrzeniem filmu), po badaniu telefonicznym tydzien po przeprowadzeniu ankiety — 93,5%, (p = 0,1190 przy porownaniu do wiedzy przed obejrzeniem filmu). Koniecznośc stosowania lekow zostala potwierdzona przez prawie 93,5% pacjentow przed projekcją w stosunku do 95,7% chorych w ankiecie telefonicznej. Film 3D VR zostal uznany za wazne narzedzie sluzące poszerzaniu świadomości chorych odnośnie konsekwencji nieleczonego migotania przedsionkow przez 95,7% badanych. Chec obejrzenia podobnych produkcji dotyczących innych jednostek chorobowych zadeklarowalo 45 z 46 chorych. Posiadając wiedze zaczerpnietą z filmu na temat konsekwencji niestosowania skutecznej terapii 95,7% zadeklarowalo stosowanie lekow przeciwkrzepliwych. Wnioski: E-medycyna moze byc odpowiedzią na dzisiejsze oczekiwania chorych. Film 3D VR moze byc szansą na zmiane tradycyjnej formy informowania i szkolenia pacjenta. Pacjenci odnieśli korzyści z udzialu w badaniu i wyrazili chec nauki na temat innych chorob za pomocą zastosowanej przez autorow metody.
Automatic detection of buried channel deposits from dense laser altimetry data

The formation of the current Rhine-Meuse delta mainly took place during the last 12 000 years. Consecutive avulsions, i.e. sudden changes in the course of river channels, resulted in a complicated pattern of sandy channel deposits, surrounded by peat and clay. Knowledge of this pattern is not only interesting from a geohistorical viewpoint, but is also essential when planning and maintaining constructions like roads and dikes. Traditionally, channel deposits are traced using labor intensive soil drilling. Channel deposits are however also recognizable in the polder landscape by small local elevation changes due to differential compaction. The purpose of this research is to automatically map channel deposits based on a structural analysis of high resolution laser altimetry data. After removing infrastructural elements from the laser data, local feature vectors are built, consisting of the attributes slope, curvature and relative elevation. Using a maximum likelihood classifier, 75 million gridded laser points are divided into two classes: buried channel deposits and other. Results are validated against two data sets, an existing paleographic map and a set of shallow drilling measurements. Validation shows that our method of channel deposit detection is hampered by signal distortion due to human intervention in the traditional polder landscape. Still it is shown that relative young deposits (4 620 to 1 700 years Before Present) can be extracted from the laser altimetry data.
Phytotoxic activity of Aleleia glazioviana Baill. Extracts on lettuce seeds

Ateleia glazioviana (Leguminosae Papilionoideae) is popularly known as “timbo” and regarded as toxic. Experiments were carried on the laboratory to verify the inhibitory effects of leaf extracts on germination and growth of lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L.). After fractionation of the aqueous extract with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, the remaining aqueous fraction was submitted to ion exchange column chromatography to obtain an amino acid-rich fraction. The dichloromethane fraction showed to be the most effective inhibition of lettuce seed germination and seedling growth tests. RESUMEN. “Actividad fitotoxica de extractos de Ateleia glazioviana Baill. sobre semillas de lechuga”. Ateleia glazioviana (Leguminosae Papilionoideae), conocida popularmente como “timbo”, es considerada toxica. Esta investigacion determino los efectos sobre la germinacion y el crecimiento de la radicula de semillas de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.). El fraccionamiento del extracto acuoso de A. Glazioviana produjo las fracciones diclorometano, acetato de etilo y n-butanol, ademas de la fraccion acuosa final, que fue sometida a cromatografia en columna con una resina de interambio ionico para la obtencion de la fraccion rica en aminoacidos. La fraccion diclorometano presento significativa actividad inhibidora de la germinacion y del crecimiento de la radicula de semillas de lechuga en los ensayos efectuados.
Preprocessing data sets for association rules using community detection and clustering : a comparative study

Association rules are widely used to analyze correlations among items on databases. One of the main drawbacks of association rules mining is that the algorithms usually generate a large number of rules that are not interesting or are already known by the user. Finding new knowledge among the generated rules makes the association rules exploration a new challenge. One possible solution is to raise the support and the confidence values, resulting in the generation of fewer rules. The problem with this approach is that as the support and confidence values come closer to 100%, the generated rules tend to be formed by dominating items and to be more obvious. Some research has been carried out on the use of clustering algorithms to prepare the database, before extracting the association rules, so the grouped data can consider the items that appear only in a part of the database. However, even with the good results that clustering methods have shown, they only rely on similarity (or distance) measures, which makes the clustering limited. In this paper, we evaluated the use of community detection algorithms to preprocess databases for association rules. We compared the community detection algorithms with two clustering methods, aiming to analyze the generated novelty. The results have shown that community detection algorithms perform well regarding the novelty of the generated patterns.
From MARC silos to Linked Data silos

Libraries are opening up their bibliographic metadata as Linked Data. However, they have all used different data models for structuring their bibliographic data. Some are using a FRBR-based model with several layers of entities while others use flat, record-oriented data models. The proliferation of data models limits the reusability of bibliographic data. In effect, libraries have moved from MARC silos to Linked Data silos of incompatible data models. Data sets can be difficult to combine and reuse. Small modelling differences may be overcome by schema mappings, but it is not clear that interoperability has improved overall. We present a survey of published bibliographic Linked Data, the data models proposed for representing bibliographic data as RDF, and tools used for conversion from MARC. Also, the approach of the National Library of Finland is discussed. Seit einiger Zeit stellen Bibliotheken ihre bibliografischen Metadadaten verstarkt offen in Form von Linked Data zur Verfugung. Dabei kommen jedoch ganz unterschiedliche Modelle fur die Strukturierung der bibliografischen Daten zur Anwendung. Manche Bibliotheken verwenden ein auf FRBR basierendes Modell mit mehreren Schichten von Entitaten, wahrend andere flache, am Datensatz orientierte Modelle nutzen. Der Wildwuchs bei den Datenmodellen erschwert die Nachnutzung der bibliografischen Daten. Im Ergebnis haben die Bibliotheken die fruheren MARC-Silos nur mit zueinander inkompatiblen Linked-Data-Silos vertauscht. Deshalb ist es haufig schwierig, Datensets miteinander zu kombinieren und nachzunutzen. Kleinere Unterschiede in der Datenmodellierung lassen sich zwar durch Schema Mappings in den Griff bekommen, doch erscheint es fraglich, ob die Interoperabilitat insgesamt zugenommen hat. Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer Studie zu verschiedenen veroffentlichten Sets von bibliografischen Daten vor. Dabei werden auch die unterschiedlichen Modelle betrachtet, um bibliografische Daten als RDF darzustellen, sowie Werkzeuge zur Erzeugung von entsprechenden Daten aus dem MARC-Format. Abschliesend wird der von der Finnischen Nationalbibliothek verfolgte Ansatz behandelt.
Chromosome Dynamics in Bacteria: Triggering Replication at the Opposite Location and Segregation in the Opposite Direction

Bacteria can accomplish surprising levels of organization in the absence of membrane organelles by constructing subcellular asymmetric protein gradients. These gradients are composed of regulators that can either trigger or inhibit cell cycle events from distinct cell poles. In Caulobacter crescentus, the onset of chromosome replication and segregation from the stalked pole are regulated by asymmetric protein gradients. We show that the activators of chromosome replication and segregation are not restricted to the stalked pole and that their organization and directionality can be flipped in orientation. Our results also indicate that the subcellular location of key chromosomal loci play important roles in the establishment of the asymmetric organization of cell cycle regulators. ABSTRACT Maintaining the integrity of the genome is essential to cell survival. In the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus, the single circular chromosome exhibits a specific orientation in the cell, with the replication origin (ori) residing at the pole of the cell bearing a stalk. Upon initiation of replication, the duplicated centromere-like region parS and ori move rapidly to the opposite pole where parS is captured by a microdomain hosting a unique set of proteins that contribute to the identity of progeny cells. Many questions remain as to how this organization is maintained. In this study, we constructed strains of Caulobacter in which ori and the parS centromere can be induced to move to the opposite cell pole in the absence of chromosome replication, allowing us to ask whether once these chromosomal foci were positioned at the wrong pole, replication initiation and chromosome segregation can proceed in the opposite orientation. Our data reveal that DnaA can initiate replication and ParA can orchestrate segregation from either cell pole. The cell reconstructs the organization of its ParA gradient in the opposite orientation to segregate one replicated centromere from the new pole toward the stalked pole (i.e., opposite direction), while displaying no detectable viability defects. Thus, the unique polar microdomains exhibit remarkable flexibility in serving as a platform for directional chromosome segregation along the long axis of the cell. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can accomplish surprising levels of organization in the absence of membrane organelles by constructing subcellular asymmetric protein gradients. These gradients are composed of regulators that can either trigger or inhibit cell cycle events from distinct cell poles. In Caulobacter crescentus, the onset of chromosome replication and segregation from the stalked pole are regulated by asymmetric protein gradients. We show that the activators of chromosome replication and segregation are not restricted to the stalked pole and that their organization and directionality can be flipped in orientation. Our results also indicate that the subcellular location of key chromosomal loci play important roles in the establishment of the asymmetric organization of cell cycle regulators.
Dental caries : markers of high and low risk groups and individuals

Introduction 1. The nature of the caries process and the need for markers of risk N. W. Johnson Part I. Evidence for the Existence of High Risk Groups and Individuals: The Global Epidemiology of Dental Caries: 2. A critical evaluation of caries diagnostic methods and epidemiological methods. Can we trust the available data? E. A. M. Kidd 3. Distribution of dental caries in India and South East Asia A. Tewari 4. The epidemiological features of dental caries in African and Chinese populations: implications for risk assessment F. Manji 5. Description and explanation of the distribution of caries in the population of Europe M. C. Downer 6. The epidemiology of permanent tooth caries in the Americas J. W. Stamm Part II. Methods for the Detection of High and Low Risk Groups and Individuals: 7. A four point scale for selection of caries risk patients based on salivary S. mutans levels and plaque formation rate index P. Axelsson 8. Social and behavioural aspects of caries prediction L. Schou 9. The value and limitation of tooth resistance factors in caries prediction M. E. J. Curzon 10. Diet as a determinant of caries risk W. M. Edgar and S. M. Higham 11. Methods for determining the cariogenicity of foodstuffs and their use in risk determination D. A. M. Geddes 12. Which bacteria are cariogenic in humans? G. H. W. Bowden 13. The global epidemiology of mutans streptococci D. Bratthall 14. The value of salivary bacterial counts in the prediction of caries activity D. Beighton 15. New methods for microbial screening R. R. B. Russell 16. Association of specific host immune factors with dental caries experience D. J. Smith and M. A. Taubman 17. Salivary inorganic and physical factors in the aetiology of dental caries, and their role in caries prediction E. I. F. Pearce 18. Organic factors in human saliva in relation to dental caries experience and prediction J. Tenovuo and M. Lumikari Part III. Practical Applications and Implications: 19. Application of multiple predictive methods to the assessment of caries risk H. Worthington 20. Caries prediction: implications for individual patient care A. H. Brook 21. Public dental health strategies for identifying and controlling dental caries in high and low risk populations A. Sheiham and M. Joffe 22. Implications for public health planning of the ability to predict high and low risk groups for dental caries D. E. Barmes Envoi 23. Concluding perspectives and future directions N. W. Johnson.
The Effect of Verbalization of Thought on Problem Solving Performance

کچ ی هد هنیمز فده و : رکفت ندرک یملاک ب ، ی رف نا آ ی ار و رکفت دن ه اهدرب ي هافش تروص هب هدافتسا دروم ی م ی دشاب . هعلاطم زا فده ي عت رضاح یی ن رثا ندرک یملاک رکفت أسم لح درکلمع رب هل یم دشاب . قیقحت شور : شهوژپ رد رضاح بلاق رد ی ک امزآ حرط ی ش ی ، 50 وجشناد زا رفن ی نا یسانشراک هاگـشناد ناجنز ) 18 و رتخد 32 رسپ ( ياراد هک ینس نیگنایم 48 / 22 لاس ،دندوب اـب هـنومن شور گ ـی ر ي فداـصت ی دندش باختنا هداس . سپس تروص هب فداصت ی رکفت هورگ ود رد یملاک ص نودب رکفت و اج اد ي دندش هداد . ارب ي هزادنا گ ی ر ي سم لح درکلمع أ سم زا هل أ هل ي شک ی ش مدآ و اه دش هدافتسا اهراوخ . زا هدافتسا اب اه هداد تفرگ رارق لیلحت دروم لقتسم یت نومزآ . هتفای اه : جیاتن رکفت هک داد ناشن یملاک سم لح نامز شهاک ثعاب أ و زاجم تاکرح دادعت شهاک ،هل غ ی م زاجمر ی دوش ) 05 / 0 p< ( . هجیتن يریگ : ب ی هافش نا ی اهدربهار ي سم لح أ م هل ی ـسم لـح تعرـس و هدرـک مـک ار اـطخ دـناوت أ ار هل ازفا ی دهد ش . لک دی هژاو اه : رکفت ؛ أسم لح هل ؛ رکفت ندرک یملاک