Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Anti-tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities of Pachyrhizus erosus Extracts

Background: The storage roots of Pachyrhizus erosus (PE) have been traditionally used as a skin whitening agent in Indonesia and are also consumed fresh in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, research on the biological activities of PE is limited. Objective: This study aimed to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to test the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of PE extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric, the Aluminium chloride colorimetric, the DPPH scavenging, and the Dopachrome assays were used for the experiments. Results: The dichloromethane extract had the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC 50 = 2.08 ± 0.40 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (9.93 ± 0.02 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC 50 = 40 ± 0.02 µg/mL). The largest total phenolic concentration was found in the 80% ethanol extract, albeit (11.97 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g extract). Conclusion: Based on its remarkable activities, the dichloromethane extract is recommended for future development in skin-lightening products. The study's findings conclude that PE extracts may be used as an alternate source of antioxidants and
ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst

Advances in technology have made it possible to collect data about individuals and the connections between them, such as email correspondence and friendships. Agencies and researchers who have collected such social network data often have a compelling interest in allowing others to analyze the data. However, in many cases the data describes relationships that are private (e
Oviduct : roles in fertilization and early embryo development

Animal oviducts and human Fallopian tubes are a part of the female reproductive tract that hosts fertilization and pre-implantation development of the embryo. With an increasing understanding of roles of the oviduct at the cellular and molecular levels, current research signifies the importance of the oviduct on naturally conceived fertilization and pre-implantation embryo development. This review highlights the physiological conditions within the oviduct during fertilization, environmental regulation, oviductal fluid composition and its role in protecting embryos and supplying nutrients. Finally, the review compares different aspects of naturally occurring fertilization and assisted reproductive technology (ART)-achieved fertilization and embryo development, giving insight into potential areas for improvement in
Structural Properites of Graphene

Graphene, a flat monolayer of carbon atoms tightly packed into a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice with six carbon atoms, are of two types due to their bonding. Due to its structural uniqueness, properties of the graphene is found to be very different and important in application point of view. Hence, the authors have studied the structural properties as co-ordination number, coordinates, distances of nearest atoms from 1 st to 5 th , analytically using two dimensional coordinate system taking one atom of a unit cell at the origin. Furthermore, packing fraction is also calculated, as the property is very important to study absorption/adsorption of different atoms into the sheet of it.
Hearing Aids and Assistive Listening Devices in Long .. term Care Protheses auditives et aides techniques pour malentendants dans les etablissements de soins prolonges

Studies in the past have reported poor use of amplification among Insti· tutlonallzed elderly people. Our perception, however, was that In our facili ty most residents who owned amplification devices used them regularly. The purposes of this study were to examine the use of hearing aids and assistive listening devices (ALDs) and some factors affecting successful amplification use in a long-term care population. We surveyed all residents (n = 115) who owned one or more devices regarding when they used them. We recorded reasons for not using hearing aids. Of the 112 hearing aids owned by the residents, 70% were used every day, and an additional 12% were used regularly. Of the 40 ALDs owned, 88% were used regularly. We found that 95% of the hearing aids and devices were in good working order. Our results show that amplification can be used successfully by long-term care residents, probably as a result of the on-site audiological support.
Sea Ice Response to Wind Forcing from AMIP Models

Abstract The Arctic surface circulation simulated by atmospheric general circulation models is assessed in the context of driving sea ice motion. A sea ice model is forced by geostrophic winds from eight models participating in the first Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP1), and the results are compared to simulations with the sea ice model forced by observed winds. The mean sea level pressure in the AMIP models is generally too high over the Arctic Ocean, except in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, where it is too low. This pattern creates anomalous winds that tend to transport too much ice away from the coast of Greenland and the Canadian Archipalego, and into the East Siberian Sea, producing a pattern of ice thickness in the Arctic that is rotated by roughly 180° relative to what is expected based on observations. AMIP winds also drive too little ice transport through Fram Strait and too much transport east of Svalbard by way of the Barents Sea. These errors in ice thickness and transport inf.
The red ﬂ ags of ﬁ nancial statement fraud: a case study

Purpose – According to the Association of Certi ﬁ ed Fraud Examiners, ﬁ nancial statement fraud represents the smallest amount of fraud cases but results in the greatest monetary loss. The researcher previously investigated the characteristics of ﬁ nancial statement fraud and determined the presence of 16 fraud indicators. The purpose of this study is to establish whether investors and other stakeholders can detect and identify ﬁ nancial statementfraud using thesecharacteristics inananalysis of a company ’ s annualreport. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyses a ﬁ nancial statement fraud case, using the same techniques that were previously applied, including horizontal, vertical and ratio analysis. These are preferred because stakeholders have relativelyeasy access to them. Findings – The ﬁ ndings show several fraud characteristics, with a few additional ones not previously found prevalent. Financial statement fraud thus tends to differ between cases. It is also easier to detect and identifyfraud indicators expost facto. Originality/value – This study is a practical case showing that ﬁ nancial statement fraud can be detected andidenti ﬁ ed inthe ﬁ nancialstatementsof companiesthatcommit fraud.
The Vulnerability of the Snow Industry in the Swiss Alps

Abstract The future of Swiss alpine winter tourism must be reassessed in view of global climate change in order to determine possible strategies for overall development of mountain regions. At present, 85% of all Swiss ski areas still have sufficient snow cover. A 300-m rise of the snow line, however, would reduce this to about 63%. As a consequence, skiers will expect more artificial snow, go on winter holidays less often, and concentrate on ski areas at higher altitudes. On the supply side, climate change will be used to justify increased use of artificial snow and advances into areas above 3000 m. This raises a variety of new problems, both economic and ecological. Developments in the Swiss snow industry indicate the rise of 2 distinct classes of tourist resorts. Climate change may increase economic pressure in terms of capital concentration and division into “winners” and “losers. ” Although global climate change certainly has an influence on tourism, it is not the only factor that determines the conditions of tourism.
Late Holocene Climate Inferred From Varved Sediments, Blue Lake, Brooks Range, Alaska

Geomorphologic evidence provided by late Holocene glacial advances demonstrates the sensitivity of central Brooks Range to changes in temperature and moisture balance over decadal to centennial timescales. High-resolution climate proxy records covering the middle to late Holocene are sparse from this region. One exception is Blue Lake, a small (<0.5 km2), shallow (4.7 m), glacier-fed lake set on the crest of the Brooks Range (68o05.3' N, 150o27.8' W) in north-central Alaska at an altitude of 1265 m. The 4 km2 watershed contains a small cirque glacier located on the north face of the 1890 m high headwall, on the north side of the continental divide. Field observations and air photos indicate that melt-water from the glacier contributes a substantial quantity of fine-grained sediment to the lake. Sediment cores recovered in August of 1999 contain millimeter-scale laminations comprised of lamina couplets, which exhibit the classic mode of varve formation in a glacial basin consisting of a succession of fine sands to silts deposited during the summer months, followed by a well-defined winter clay cap. In addition to annual variability in varve thickness, long-term trends in thickness were identified and compared with the historical climate record. Blue Lake records the glacial response to late Holocene climate phenomena, such as the Little Ice Age (cooling), Medieval Climatic Anomaly (warming), and the 20th century warming trend.Varve measurements from Blue Lake correlate well with regional cooling and warming trends described for the late Holocene from other proxy records across the Arctic.
The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium

Rayleigh's principle is combined with Backus' harmonic tensor decomposition to investigate the effect of a small anisotropy on the propagation of Love and Rayleigh surface waves in an arbitrarily stratified half-space. A slight elastic anisotropy gives rise to an azimuthal dependence of the phase velocities of both Love and Rayleigh waves of the form c(ω, θ) = A1(ω) + A2(ω) cos 2θ + A3(ω) sin 2θ + A4(ω) cos 4θ + A5(ω) sin 4θ where ω is the angular frequency and θ is the azimuth of the wave-number vector. This azimuthal dependence of the Love and Rayleigh wave phase velocities produces, in turn, a similar azimuthal dependence of the Love and Rayleigh wave group velocities. In view of the accumulating evidence from seismic refraction surveys of upper mantle anisotropy under oceans, the theory may be applicable to Love and Rayleigh wave propagation along oceanic paths.
Follow-up of Survivors of Serious Radiation Accidents in the United States

This work was performed as part of the Health and Mortality Study of Department of Energy Workers being conducted by Oak Ridge Associated Universities with the collaboration of the School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, under Contract No. DE-AC05-760R00033 between the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Research, and Oak Ridge Associated Universities. i i i i
Simulation of Subantarctic Mode and Antarctic Intermediate Waters in Climate Models

The Southern Ocean’s Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) are two globally significant upper-ocean water masses that circulate in all Southern Hemisphere subtropical gyres and cross the equator to enter the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. Simulations of SAMW and AAIW for the twentieth century in eight climate models [GFDL-CM2.1, CCSM3, CNRM-CM3, MIROC3.2(medres), MIROC3.2(hires), MRI-CGCM2.3. 2, CSIRO-Mk3.0, and UKMO-HadCM3] that provided their output in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) have been compared to the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Atlas of Regional Seas. The climate models, except for UKMO-HadCM3, CSIRO-Mk3.0, and MRI-CGCM2.3. 2, provide a reasonable simulation of SAMW and AAIW isopycnal temperature and salinity in the Southern Ocean. Many models simulate the potential vorticity minimum layer and salinity minimum layer of SAMW and AAIW, respectively. However, the simulated SAMW layer is generally thinner and at lighter densities than observed. All climate models display a limited equatorward extension of SAMW and AAIW north of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Errors in the simulation of SAMW and AAIW property characteristics are likely to be due to a combination of many errors in the climate models, including simulation of wind and buoyancy forcing, inadequate representation of subgridscale mixing processes in the Southern Ocean, and midlatitude diapycnal mixing parameterizations.
Strategies de Survie des Menages Ruraux Camerounais dans un Contexte de Crise (Survival Strategies of Rural Households Cameroon in the Context of Crisis)

French Abstract: L'objectif de ce papier est de montrer comment les agriculteurs luttent contre la pauvrete en milieu rural. Nous utilisons le modele Logit multinomial pour determiner les strategies de survie des menages ruraux. Les resultats montrent que plus les chefs de menage sont eduques, plus ils diversifient leur revenu. De plus, le nombre d'annees passees hors du village a aussi un impact positif et significatif sur la diversification des revenus des menages. English Abstract: The aim of this paper is to show how farmers fight against the poverty in the rural areas. Indeed, the poor rural savings are profoundly affected by a big variety of risks. We used the Logit multinomial model to determine of the strategies of survival of the rural households. The results showed that the educated-households diversify their incomes more than the less-educated households. Furthermore, the high number of years crossed outside the village also has a impact on diversfication of income.
Baroclinically Induced Tropical Cyclogenesis

Abstract The authors investigate the transition of numerous subtropical cyclones into late season tropical storms and hurricanes during the 2000 and 2001 Atlantic tropical cyclone seasons. In all transitioning cases (10), the 900–200-hPa wind shear was initially near or in excess of the upper limit of vertical shear deemed suitable for tropical cyclogenesis. In many of these cases, the vertical shear decreased markedly near or prior to the time of tropical cyclone formation. In cases that did not become named tropical cyclones, either the tropospheric vertical shear remained in excess of 15–20 m s−1 or the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) dropped below about 26°C prior to or during the weakening of the shear. Cases in which the shear remained large featured multiple, short-wave upper-tropospheric troughs interacting with the developing lower-tropospheric disturbance such that classical occlusion did not occur. Through detailed analysis and simulation of the development of Hurricane Michael in 2000.
The 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake: A long-delayed aftershock of the offshore 1944 Tonankai and 1946 Nankaido earthquakes

The 1995 Kobe earthquake produced predominantly right-lateral slip along the northeast-southwest-trending Nojima fault approximately 200 km landward of the Nankai trough, southwest Japan. The last major earthquakes along the Nankai trough, the M8.0 1944 Tonanakai and M8.2 1946 Nankaido earthquakes, involved about 4 m of interplate slip, each releasing about 100 years of accumulated stress from the northwest-southeast convergence of the Philippine Sea (PHS) plate. By calculating the change in Coulomb failure stress on the Nojima fault due to 1944/46 to 1995 postseismic relaxation of a thin low-viscosity channel beneath southwest Japan, we show that stress diffusion from the 1940s interplate earthquakes increased the likelihood of future failure on the Nojima fault by slowly but progressively unloading the normal stress on the fault over a 50-yr period.
Sleep Deficits Inter-Link Lower Basal Forebrain–Posterior Cingulate Connectivity and Perceived Stress and Anxiety Bidirectionally in Young Men

Abstract Background The basal nucleus of Meynert (BNM), a primary source of cholinergic projections to the cortex, plays key roles in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and attention. Sleep deficit is associated with impairment in cognitive and emotional functions. However, whether or how cholinergic circuit, sleep, and cognitive/emotional dysfunction are inter-related remains unclear. Methods We curated the Human Connectome Project data and explored BNM resting state functional connectivities (rsFC) in relation to sleep deficit, based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), cognitive performance, and subjective reports of emotional states in 687 young adults (342 women). Imaging data were processed with published routines and evaluated at a corrected threshold. We assessed the correlation between BNM rsFC, PSQI, and clinical measurements with Pearson regressions and their inter-relationships with mediation analyses. Results In whole-brain regressions with age and alcohol use severity as covariates, men showed lower BNM rsFC with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) in correlation with PSQI score. No clusters were identified in women at the same threshold. Both BNM-PCC rsFC and PSQI score were significantly correlated with anxiety, perceived stress, and neuroticism scores in men. Moreover, mediation analyses showed that PSQI score mediated the relationship between BNM-PCC rsFC and these measures of negative emotions bidirectionally in men. Conclusions Sleep deficit is associated with negative emotions and lower BNM rsFC with the PCC. Negative emotional states and BNM-PCC rsFC are bidirectionally related through poor sleep quality. These findings are specific to men, suggesting potential sex differences in the neural circuits regulating sleep and emotional states.
Methane-related carbonate cements in pockmarks of the North Sea

ABSTRACT Some pockmarks on the Norwegian continental shelf contain patches of cemented sediment that can provide hardgrounds attractive to a variety of benthonic organisms. Detailed examination of a sandstone sample from a pockmark in Norwegian Block 25/7 in the North Sea has revealed the presence of Mg calcite and aragonite cements, some of the latter forming botryoids. All cement types are characterized by extremely light carbon isotopic compositions, with a mean 13C value of -56.1 PDB, which shows that the cements contain carbonate produced by oxidation of biogenic methane. Oxidation occurred in both the oxic and anoxic diagenetic zones. Trace amounts of interstitial methane (mean 13C = -40.8%) and higher hydrocarbon gases (up to C5) with a C1/Cn ratio of 0.855-0.874 in the pockmark sediments indicate that some thermogenic methane may be mixed with the biogenic gas.
Survey of Common Infectious Diseases in Urban Foxes (Vulpes spp.) in Southeastern Iran

Abstract: The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is one of the most common species of wild Canidae and is relatively abundant in Iran. Foxes (Vulpes spp.) transmit many zoonotic diseases, the most important of which are visceral leishmaniasis, rabies, hydatidosis, toxocariasis, and trichinellosis. In this study, visceral leishmaniasis, rabies, ectoparasites, canine gastrointestinal helminths, dermatophytosis, distemper, parvovirus infection, and heartworm infections were evaluated among live-trapped and rescued foxes injured by traffic road accidents referred to the teaching hospital of Kerman, Iran, veterinary faculty. Skin scraping and direct microscopic examination were used to detect ectoparasites and dermatophytosis. Immunochromatography rapid kits were used to detect dirofilariasis, parvovirus infection, and distemper. Necropsy was used to check for gastrointestinal parasites. Rabies and visceral leishmaniosis were screened for with direct fluorescent antibody test and ELISA methods, respectively. Gastrointestinal helminth infections, including Toxocara canis, Taenia taeniaeformis, Dipylidium caninum, Joyeuxiella echinorhyncoids, Toxascaris leonina, Taenia hydatigena, Echinococcus granulosus, Rictolaria spp. , Oxynema spp. , Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, and Physaloptera spp. , were detected. Skin scrapings showed dermatophytosis and various ectoparasites, including Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis, and Sarcoptes scabiei, in foxes with dermal lesions. Distemper and parvovirus infection (26.66%) were the common viral diseases, and rabies infection rate was quite high (16.66%). Dirofilariasis and leishmaniasis were detected in 10% of the population. This study showed that urban foxes which often cohabit with humans and domestic animals are carriers of many different pathogens. This interaction may facilitate indirect cross-species transmission of zoonotic disease. Periodic health monitoring and multidisciplinary cooperation for the diagnosis, control, and prevention of these zoonoses is highly recommended.
Sphenoid sinus in the Holstein cow: A sectional and 3D reconstructive anatomical study

Cattle disorders affecting the sphenoid sinus are underreported, likely due to difficulties in imaging and lacking topographic knowledge. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of the normal anatomical and morphometric features of the cattle sphenoid sinus. Twelve healthy adult Holstein cow heads were used, and the sinus was examined using CT, anatomical sectioning and 3D modelling. The sinus was bilaterally detected in all animals but exhibited structural asymmetry and significant interindividual differences in morphological characteristics. Three parts of the sinus were defined, namely the rostral, median and alar parts, which conform to the morphological structure of the sphenoid bone. The rostral part was bilateral in shape and located on the orbit wall of the presphenoid bone in all animals. The median part, which pneumatized the body of the sphenoid bone, was observed bilaterally in seven animals, while the alar part, which pneumatized the wing of the sphenoid bone, was formed bilaterally in four animals. The sinus volume and surface area were 11 ± 8 cm3 and 49 ± 30 cm2, respectively. These findings may aid in the diagnosis of cattle sphenoid sinus disorders and contribute to the knowledge of regional anatomy for radiologists and clinicians.
RABBITS -- II. The impact of AGN feedback on coalescing supermassive black holes in disc and elliptical galaxy mergers

In this study of the `Resolving supermAssive Black hole Binaries In galacTic hydrodynamical Simulations' (RABBITS) series, we investigate the orbital evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) during galaxy mergers. We simulate both disc and elliptical galaxy mergers using the KETJU code, which can simultaneously follow galaxy (hydro-)dynamics and small-scale SMBH dynamics with post-Newtonian corrections. With our SMBH binary subgrid model, we show how active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback affects galaxy properties and SMBH coalescence. We find that simulations without AGN feedback exhibit excessive star formation, resulting in merger remnants that deviate from observed properties. Kinetic AGN feedback proves more effective than thermal AGN feedback in expelling gas from the centre and quenching star formation. The different central galaxy properties, which are a result of distinct AGN feedback models, lead to varying rates of SMBH orbital decay. In the dynamical friction phase, galaxies with higher star formation and higher SMBH masses possess denser centres, become more resistant to tidal stripping, experience greater dynamical friction, and consequently form SMBH binaries earlier. As AGN feedback reduces gas densities in the centres, dynamical friction by stars dominates over gas. In the SMBH hardening phase, compared to elliptical mergers, disc mergers exhibit higher central densities of newly formed stars, resulting in accelerated SMBH hardening and shorter merger time-scales (i.e. $\lesssim 500$ Myr versus $\gtrsim 1$ Gyr). Our findings highlight the importance of AGN feedback and its numerical implementation in understanding the SMBH coalescing process, a key focus for low-frequency gravitational wave observatories.