Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Blue Tansy (Tanacetum annuum) Essential Oil and Crude Extracts against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, an Agent Causing Bayoud Disease of Date Palm

Tanacetum annuum L. is a Mediterranean plant, commonly known as Blue Tansy due to its blue colour as an essential oil, which is widely used for medicinal purposes. However, there are no studies on the bioactive compounds (especially, phenolic compounds) and the biological properties of their organic extracts. Herein, the purpose of the present work was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil and crude extracts of the T. annuum aerial parts collected from northern Morocco and to evaluate their antioxidant and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, an agent causing Bayoud disease of the date palm, an important food source and commercial perennial crop in the Sahara and North Africa. Chemically, Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colourimetric methods were used to determine the total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) contents, respectively; polyphenols were characterized using HPLC-MS, while GC-MS was used to analyse the essential oil composition. Moreover, the evaluation of antioxidant and antifungal activities was carried out using the DPPH test and microdilution method, respectively. The results showed that the three T. annuum parts (stems, leaves and flowers) extracts contained important TPC and TFC with values varied between 51.32 and 116.32 mg/g of dry crude extract (DCE). HPLC-MS analysis revealed the identification and quantification of 19 phenolic acids and flavonoids with an emphasis on apigenin 7-glucoside (4540 µg/g of dry weight (DW)), luteolin 7-glucoside (2804 µg/g DW) and salicylic acid (1878 µg/g DW). Additionally, 39 biomolecules were identified in the essential oil using GC-MS, which were predominated by camphor (16.69%), α-pinene (12.37%), bornyl acetate (11.97%) and limonene (11.10%). The methanolic and hydro-methanolic extracts of T. annuum parts demonstrated a strong antioxidant property with IC50 values ranging between 0.22 and 0.65 mg/mL. Concerning antifungal activity, the essential oil and crude extracts of the Moroccan Blue Tansy exhibited a potent capacity against F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis at low concentrations, with MIC and MFC values of 3.33 and 4.58 µL/mL for the essential oil and values of 3.33 and 9.17 mg/mL for crude extracts, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrated T. annuum as an important source of bioactive compounds and contribute significantly to the potential of using essential oils and extracts for controlling the Bayoud disease of date palms. Moreover, the finding suggests that T. annuum can be highly useful for phytosanitary and pharmaceutical industries.
Characterization of Mathematics tests’ level of difficulty and discrimination through roughness analysis

This paper is an exploratory study that deals with fractal dimensions in assessment and evaluation. Specifically, the study sought to determine how the tests characteristics: test difficulty and discrimination, may be quantified through knowledge of the fractal dimensions of the tests. As a by-product of the analysis, we may be able to identify which among the subjects in mathematics (from first year to fourth year) is found most difficult through analyzing and evaluating the ruggedness and irregularities of students’ performance. The researcher made use of fractal statistics and segmentation to determine the test difficulty and the mathematical capability of the students. Results reveal that test fractal dimensions can be used as surrogate measures of both test difficulty and test discrimination indices. Both traditional test characteristics monotonically increase and decrease with increasing or decreasing fractal dimensions. High fractal dimensions indicate huge variances in student performance which are tell-tale symptoms of uneven understanding of mathematical concepts.
The Fibrinolytic System and Its Measurement: History, Current Uses and Future Directions for Diagnosis and Treatment

The fibrinolytic system is a key player in keeping the haemostatic balance, and changes in fibrinolytic capacity can lead to both bleeding-related and thrombosis-related disorders. Our knowledge of the fibrinolytic system has expanded immensely during the last 75 years. From the first successful use of thrombolysis in myocardial infarction in the 1960s, thrombolytic therapy is now widely implemented and has reformed treatment in vascular medicine, especially ischemic stroke, while antifibrinolytic agents are used routinely in the prevention and treatment of major bleeding worldwide. Despite this, this research field still holds unanswered questions. Accurate and timely laboratory diagnosis of disturbed fibrinolysis in the clinical setting remains a challenge. Furthermore, despite growing evidence that hypofibrinolysis plays a central role in, e.g., sepsis-related coagulopathy, coronary artery disease, and venous thromboembolism, there is currently no approved treatment of hypofibrinolysis in these settings. The present review provides an overview of the fibrinolytic system and history of its discovery; measurement methods; clinical relevance of the fibrinolytic system in diagnosis and treatment; and points to future directions for research.
BMP signaling in the development and regeneration of tooth roots: from mechanisms to applications

Short root anomaly (SRA), along with caries, periodontitis, and trauma, can cause tooth loss, affecting the physical and mental health of patients. Dental implants have become widely utilized for tooth restoration; however, they exhibit certain limitations compared to natural tooth roots. Tissue engineering-mediated root regeneration offers a strategy to sustain a tooth with a physiologically more natural function by regenerating the bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) based on the bionic principle. While the process of tooth root development has been reported in previous studies, the specific molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) family is an essential factor regulating cellular activities and is involved in almost all tissue development. Recent studies have focused on exploring the mechanism of BMP signaling in tooth root development by using transgenic animal models and developing better tissue engineering strategies for bio-root regeneration. This article reviews the unique roles of BMP signaling in tooth root development and regeneration.
The environmental record in glaciers and ice sheets : report of the Dahlem Workshop on the Environmental Record in Glaciers and Ice Sheets, Berlin, 1988, March 13-18

Aerosol transport from sources to ice sheets, G.E. Shaw mechanisms of wet and dry deposition of atmospheric contaminants to snow surfaces, C.I. Davidson the transformation of snow to ice and the occlusion of gases, J.Schwander environmental records in alpine glaciers, D.Wagenbach how do glaciers record environmental processes and preserve information? , J.W. C.White et al dating by seasonal variations and reference horizons, C.U. Hammer dating of ice by radioactive isotopes, B.R. Stauffer dating by ice-flow modeling - a useful tool or an exercise in applied mathematics? , N.Reeh physical property reference horizons, H.Shoji and C.C. Langway, Jr how can an ice core chronology be established? , W.F. Budd et al temporal variations of trace gases in ice cores, M.A.K.Khalil and R.A. Rasmussen trace metals and organic compounds in ice cores, D.A. Peel the ionic deposits in polar ice cores, H.B. Clausen and C.C. Langway, Jr the impact of observed changes in atmospheric composition on global atmospheric chemistry and climate, P.J.Crutzen and C.Bruhl what anthropogenic impacts are recorded in glaciers? , G.I. Pearman et al past environmental long-term records from the Arctic, W.Dansgaard and H.Oeschger long-term changes in the concentrations of major chemical compounds (soluble and insoluble) along deep ice cores, R.J.Delmas and J.Legrand long-term environmental records from Antarctic ice cores, C.Lorius et al studies of polar ice - insights for atmospheric chemistry, M.B. McElroy long-term ice core records and global environmental changes, A.D.Hecht et al.
Convection naturelle sous champ magnétique en cavité verticale élancée : application aux couvertures des réacteurs de fusion

Dans les couvertures des reacteurs de fusion thermonucleaire, la convection naturelle du metal liquide est freinee par un champ magnetique horizontal intense. Lorsque le champ magnetique et le flux de chaleur sont perpendiculaires, la force electromagnetique s'inverse dans les couches de Hartmann, et l'ecoulement devient bidimensionnel, avec de fortes vitesses en Gr/Ha (Gr et Ha designant les nombres de Gashoff et de Hartmann). L'action des couches de Hartmann sur l'ecoulement est traduite par des conditions aux limites pour le coeur de l'ecoulement. Les regimes conductif, stratifie, pluri-cellulaire et instable sont etudies analytiquement, experimentalement et numeriquement. Lorsque le champ magnetique et le flux de chaleur sont paralleles, la vitesse du coeur est en Gr/Ha2, et les vitesses elevees en Gr/Ha ne subsistent que dans les couches paralleles au champ magnetique. La stabilite des jets, ainsi que leur ecrasement aux extremites de la cavite sont etudies numeriquement.
The Determinants of Work-Life Balance among Nurses in Public Hospitals in Klang Valley

The need to have a healthy work-life balance is generally recognized across several professional domains. The present investigation was carried out within a public health institution situated in the Klang Valley region. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of workload, time management, and work environment on the work-life balance of nurses, who serve as frontline healthcare professionals. The research utilized purposive sampling as one of the quantitative research methods. Online distribution was utilized as the means of data collection. A grand total of 276 questionnaires were appropriately completed and afterward returned. The findings indicate that workload negatively impacts employee work-life balance when compared to aspects such as time management and work environment. All the variables found have a significant impact on employees work work-life balance in different positive and negative relationships.
On conformability of line graphs of complete graphs

A ∆-regular graph G is conformable if it has a (∆ + 1)-vertex coloring where the cardinality of each vertex color class has the same parity as the order of the graph. A general characterization for conformable graphs is unknown. The importance of conformability is due to the fact that it can be an auxiliary tool toward determining the total chromatic number of a regular graph. Being conformable is a necessary condition for a graph to be Type 1 . In this paper, we show a positive evidence to the conjecture proposed in 2018 which states that all line graphs of complete graphs L ( K n ) are Type 1 , by proving that they are all conformable.
Exploring Peracetic Acid and Acidic pH Tolerance of Antibiotic-Resistant Non-Typhoidal Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium from Diverse Epidemiological and Genetic Backgrounds

Acid stress poses a common challenge for bacteria in diverse environments by the presence of inorganic (e.g., mammals’ stomach) or organic acids (e.g., feed additives; acid-based disinfectants). Limited knowledge exists regarding acid-tolerant strains of specific serotypes, clonal lineages, or sources in human/animal pathogens: namely, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) and Enterococcus faecium (Efm). This study evaluated the acidic pH (Mueller–Hinton acidified with HCl) and peracetic acid (PAA) susceptibility of Efm (n = 72) and NTS (n = 60) from diverse epidemiological/genetic backgrounds and with multiple antibiotic resistance profiles. Efm minimum growth/survival pH was 4.5–5.0/3.0–4.0, and for NTS it was 4.0–4.5/3.5–4.0. Efm distribution among acidic pH values showed that only isolates of clade-non-A1 (non-hospital associated) or the food chain were more tolerant to acidic pH compared to clade-A1 (hospital-associated clones) or clinical isolates (p < 0.05). In the case of NTS, multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates survived better in acidic pH (p < 0.05). The PAA MIC/MBC for Efm was 70–120/80–150 mg/L, and for NTS, it was 50–70/60–100 mg/L. The distribution of Efm among PAA concentrations showed that clade-A1 or MDR strains exhibited higher tolerance than clade-non-A1 or non-MDR ones (p < 0.05). NTS distribution also showed higher tolerance to PAA among non-MDR and clinical isolates than food chain ones (p < 0.05) but there were no differences among different serogroups. This unique study identifies specific NTS or Efm populations more tolerant to acidic pH or PAA, emphasizing the need for further research to tailor controlled measures of public health and food safety within a One Health framework.
Time-Varying Matrix Factor Model∗

High-dimensional matrix-valued data are frequently encountered in finance and economics, such as international trade flow data covering multiple countries over an extended period. To account for potential structural changes and identify the underlying information context in the matrix structure, we propose a time-varying matrix factor model that allows for smooth changes in factor loadings over time. Our nonparametric principal component analysis (PCA) method uncovers the latent timevarying dynamic structure and achieves dimension reduction. We establish the consistency and asymptotic normality of our estimator under general conditions that account for correlations across time, rows, or columns of the noise. Our simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed estimator. Using international trade flow data, we apply our model to investigate trading hubs, centrality, patterns, and trends in the trading network. JEL Classifications: C13, C14, C32, C55
ASSESSMENT OF TERRITORIAL MAN-CAUSED RISKS IN THE ARCTIC TERRITORIES USING PROBABILISTIC-GRAPHIC MODELS

As a result of the work carried out, the main factors influencing on the formation of the technogenic load in the Arctic territories of the Krasnoyarsk Region were considered, taking into account natural and climatic features. On the basis of Bayesian networks, a methodology has been developed for assessing the probability of the occurrence of man-made hazards, followed by an assessment of the complex risk using the official statistics of the Russian Emergencies Ministry for the period 1996-2020. The obtained quantitative estimates made it possible to identify the main factors influencing on the formation of the man-made load in the Arctic territories.
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Priming and Purification Method Modulate the Impact of Exosomes Derived from Equine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Equine Articular Chondrocytes

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread osteoarticular pathology characterized by progressive hyaline cartilage degradation, exposing horses to impaired well-being, premature career termination, alongside substantial financial losses for horse owners. Among the new therapeutic strategies for OA, using mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived exosomes (MSC-exos) appears to be a promising option for conveying MSC therapeutic potential, yet avoiding the limitations inherent to cell therapy. Here, we first purified and characterized exosomes from MSCs by membrane affinity capture (MAC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). We showed that intact MSC-exos are indeed internalized by equine articular chondrocytes (eACs), and then evaluated their functionality on cartilaginous organoids. Compared to SEC, mRNA and protein expression profiles revealed that MAC-exos induced a greater improvement of eAC-neosynthesized hyaline-like matrix by modulating collagen levels, increasing PCNA, and decreasing Htra1 synthesis. However, because the MAC elution buffer induced unexpected effects on eACs, an ultrafiltration step was included to the isolation protocol. Finally, exosomes from MSCs primed with equine pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, or IFN-γ) further improved the eAC hyaline-like phenotype, particularly IL-1β and TNF-α. Altogether, these findings indicate the importance of the exosome purification method and further demonstrate the potential of pro-inflammatory priming in the enhancement of the therapeutic value of MSC-exos for equine OA treatment.
Current Status and Prospects on High-Precision Quantum Tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle with Cold Atom Interferometry

For a hundred years, general relativity has been the best theory to describe gravity and space–time and has successfully explained many physical phenomena. At the same time, quantum mechanics provides the most accurate description of the microscopic world, and quantum science technology has evoked a wide range of developments today. Merging these two very successful theories to form a grand unified theory is one of the most elusive challenges in physics. All the candidate theories that wish to unify gravity and quantum mechanics predict the breaking of the weak equivalence principle, which lies at the heart of general relativity. It is therefore imperative to experimentally verify the equivalence principle in the presence of significant quantum effects of matter. Cold atoms provide well-defined properties and potentially nonlocal correlations as the test masses and will also improve the limits reached by classical tests with macroscopic bodies. The results of rigorous tests using cold atoms may tell us whether and how the equivalence principle can be reformulated into a quantum version. In this paper, we review the principles and developments of the test of the equivalence principle with cold atoms. The status of the experiments and the key techniques involved are discussed in detail. Finally, we give an outlook on new questions and opportunities for further exploration of this topic.
Factors associated with late presentation for HIV care among patients in Hinche, on Haiti's Central Plateau

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LATE PRESENTATION FOR HIV CARE AMONG PATIENTS IN HINCHE, CENTRAL HAITI Coeurlida Louis3, Louise Iversb, Ken Freedbergf Mary C. Smith Fawzihd, Arachu Castrohd, Frank Bia1. department of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT; division of Social Medicine and Health Inequalities, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston MA and Partners In Health, Boston MA; ^Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; ‘'Program in Infectious Disease and Social Change, Department of Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Haiti has the highest HIV prevalence in the Caribbean and Latin America and is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere. Many patients with HIV infection present for care late in the course of their disease, a factor which is associated with poor prognosis. Our objective was to identify factors associated with late presentation for HIV care among patients in central Haiti. Thirty-one HIV-seropositive adults, or approximately 10% of the HIV-infected population followed at a central Haiti hospital, participated in this research study. A two-part research tool that included a structured questionnaire and an ethnographic life history interview was used to collect quantitative as well as qualitative data about demographic factors related to late presentation for HIV care. Sixty-five percent of the patients in this study presented late for HIV care e.i-with CD4 cell count below 350 cells/mm3. Factors associated with late presentation for HIV care included lower socioeconomic status (p<0.02), older age (p<0.05), greater distance from the medical clinic (p<0.005), and lack of prior access to effective medical care (p<0.04). In addition, male sex, patient belief that symptoms are not caused by a medical condition and prior negative experience with local hospitals also influenced timing of patient presentation. Harsh poverty was a striking theme among all patients interviewed, and was intricately associated with many of these reported factors. Delays in presentation for HIV care in rural Haiti are linked to demographic, socioeconomic and structural factors, many of which are rooted in poverty. These data suggest that a multifaceted approach is needed to overcome barriers to early presentation for care. This approach which might include poverty alleviation strategies, provision of effective, reliable and free medical care, patient outreach through community health workers and collaboration with traditional healers, could improve HIV case detection and reduce morbidity and premature mortality from AIDS.
Housing Prices and Monetary Policy when Interest Rates Decline

This paper discusses the relationship between interest rates and inflation rates on one part and the house prices (typical real asset prices) relative to chonsei prices (typical nominal asset prices) on the other. The key point of the paper is that the relative price of sales to chonsei depends on the ratio of inflation to real interest rates, and thus even when the monetary authority maintains a pre-announced target level of inflation rate, the relative price of sales to chonsei rises if the real interest rate is lowered. Recognizing this relationship, it would make sense to lower the target inflation rate in an economy where the efficiency growth and real interest rate decline, as far as the society wishes to minimize the fluctuation of the relative housing prices (or the relative values between real and financial assets). Over the short-run business cycle horizon, it is argued that there might be a rationale for the conduct of interest rate policy in a less aggressive manner than would recommended by a standard Taylor rule.
Weil's Conjecture for Function Fields

A central concern of number theory is the study of local-to-global principles, which describe the behavior of a global field K in terms of the behavior of various completions of K. This book looks at a specific example of a local-to-global principle: Weil's conjecture on the Tamagawa number of a semisimple algebraic group G over K. In the case where K is the function field of an algebraic curve X, this conjecture counts the number of G-bundles on X (global information) in terms of the reduction of G at the points of X (local information). The goal of this book is to give a conceptual proof of Weil's conjecture, based on the geometry of the moduli stack of G-bundles. Inspired by ideas from algebraic topology, it introduces a theory of factorization homology in the setting ℓ-adic sheaves. Using this theory, the authors articulate a different local-to-global principle: a product formula that expresses the cohomology of the moduli stack of G-bundles (a global object) as a tensor product of local factors. Using a version of the Grothendieck–Lefschetz trace formula, the book shows that this product formula implies Weil's conjecture. The proof of the product formula will appear in a sequel volume.