Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Iris albicans lange as potential antimicrobial and analgesic agent

Objective of the present work was to evaluate the presence of phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities (antimicrobial and anti-nociceptive) of crude extract isolated from Iris albicans and its corresponding fractions. Extraction was made with methanol and extract was evaluated for the presence of different bioactive constituents, as per standard protocols. Extract and its corresponding fractions were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-nociceptive potential. Well diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects while anti-nociceptive effect was studied using in-vivo models (acetic acid induced writhing, hotplate and tail immersion tests) at different dose level (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of body weight) and compared with diclofenac sodium (dose = 10 mg/kg body weight). Results showed that the I. albicans extracts contained secondary metabolites including alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, steroids, fixed oil, glycosides and carbohydrates. Furthermore, it was observed that different fractions in decreasing polarity order such as chloroform >n-Hexane > Ethyl acetate > Crude Methanol > Aqueous extract exhibited effective antimicrobial response against all test organisms. Results of the study showed that the extracts have significant antimicrobial and analgesic activity, providing evidence for its folklore use.
CRISPR‐interceded CHO cell line development approaches

For industrial production of recombinant protein biopharmaceuticals, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells represent the most widely adopted host cell system, owing to their capacity to produce high‐quality biologics with human‐like posttranslational modifications. As opposed to random integration, targeted genome editing in genomic safe harbor sites has offered CHO cell line engineering a new perspective, ensuring production consistency in long‐term culture and high biotherapeutic expression levels. Corresponding the remarkable advancements in knowledge of CRISPR‐Cas systems, the use of CRISPR‐Cas technology along with the donor design strategies has been pushed into increasing novel scenarios in cell line engineering, allowing scientists to modify mammalian genomes such as CHO cell line quickly, readily, and efficiently. Depending on the strategies and production requirements, the gene of interest can also be incorporated at single or multiple loci. This review will give a gist of all the most fundamental recent advancements in CHO cell line development, such as different cell line engineering approaches along with donor design strategies for targeted integration of the desired construct into genomic hot spots, which could ultimately lead to the fast‐track product development process with consistent, improved product yield and quality.
Clinical informatics training in medical school education curricula: a scoping review

OBJECTIVES This scoping review evaluates the existing literature on clinical informatics (CI) training in medical schools. It aims to determine the essential components of a CI curriculum in medical schools, identify methods to evaluate the effectiveness of a CI-focused education, and understand its delivery modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was informed by the methodological guidance of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Three electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles discussing CI between January 2010 and December 2021. RESULTS Fifty-nine out of 3055 articles were included in our final analysis. Components of CI education include its utilization in clinical practice, ethical implications, key CI-related concepts, and digital health. Evaluation of educational effectiveness entails external evaluation by organizations external to the teaching institute, and internal evaluation from within the teaching institute. Finally, modes of delivery include various pedagogical strategies and teaching CI using a multidisciplinary approach. DISCUSSION Given the broad discussion on the required competencies, we propose 4 recommendations in CI delivery. These include situating CI curriculum within specific contexts, developing evidence-based guidelines for a robust CI education, developing validated assessment techniques to evaluate curriculum effectiveness, and equipping educators with relevant CI training. CONCLUSION The literature reveals that CI training in the core curricula will complement if not enhance clinical skills, reiterating the need to equip students with relevant CI competencies. Furthermore, future research needs to comprehensively address current gaps in CI training in different contexts, evaluation methodologies, and delivery modes to facilitate structured training.
Editorial: Current Status of Two Adjuvanted Malaria Vaccines and the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategy to Eradicate Malaria by 2030

There is hope that 2023 could bring regulatory approval, licensing, and implementation programs for safe and effective adjuvanted vaccines to prevent malaria. Clinical trials involving the two leading adjuvanted malaria vaccines directed to the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) are ongoing. These vaccines are RTS,S/ASO1 (Mosquirix®) and R21/Matrix-M™ (R21/MM). This year, the World Health Organization (WHO) updated its strategy to eradicate malaria by 2030. The hope is that major advances in global health security from effective malarial vaccines could reduce morbidity and save the lives of millions of people living in malaria-endemic countries to achieve the goals recommended by the WHO. This Editorial aims to give an update on recent findings from key clinical trials on the safety and efficacy of RTS,S/ASO1 and R21/MM malaria vaccines and to provide an insight into the importance of key ongoing clinical trials that will report in early 2023.
Color transfer processing based on YCbCr color space

The color transfer is a simple and efficient method to transfer the color in a daytime image to an infrared image so that the infrared image appears a natural color appearance. In order to make the method more conducive to hardware implementation, in this paper, instead of in lαβ color space, the effect of color transfer in YCbCr color space was studied. Instead of a nonlinear color space conversion by linear one, the color transfer in YCbCr color space is simpler, and experimental results shows that the effects of color appearance is similar with that of color transfer in lαβ color space.
On a framework for generating PoD curves assisted by numerical simulations

The Probability of Detection (PoD) curve method has emerged as an important tool for the assessment of the performance of NDE techniques, a topic of particular interest to the nuclear industry where inspection qualification is very important. The conventional experimental means of generating PoD curves though, can be expensive, requiring large data sets (covering defects and test conditions), and equipment and operator time. Several methods of achieving faster estimates for PoD curves using physics-based modelling have been developed to address this problem. Numerical modelling techniques are also attractive, especially given the ever-increasing computational power available to scientists today. Here we develop procedures for obtaining PoD curves, assisted by numerical simulation and based on Bayesian statistics. Numerical simulations are performed using Finite Element analysis for factors that are assumed to be independent, random and normally distributed. PoD curves so generated are compared with experi.
The expansion of a coronal mass ejection within LASCO field of view: some regularities

Abstract Forty five limb CMEs related with eruptive prominences and/or near-to-limb post-eruptive arcades have been tested. It is shown that CMEs can be divided into two groups. The first group includes coronal mass ejections whose “2α” latitude angular sizes apparent in the plane of the sky remain unchanged within measurement accuracy of several degrees. The second one is formed by CMEs that expand “non-radially”, namely, their angular sizes increase by the relative value (10-30)% up to the position of the ejection front RF = Rαm and run to the maximal value 2αm at this distance. It has been found that CMEs of the second type are, on the average, wider, faster and have an outer shell brighter and with higher plasma density for long distances. It is shown that on average Rαm increases as 2αm rises.
Hybrid optical transport trap: loading and unloading of microscale objects using a microfabricated optical fiber into optical tweezers

High throughput analysis of trapped samples requires effective loading and unloading into the trap in a microfluidic environment. We demonstrate development of a hybrid optical transport trap (HOTT) which combines a tapered fiberoptic 2D trap for transport of microscopic objects into and out of the optical tweezers trap in an orthogonal geometry. For small cone angle of the tip, the microscopic objects (polystyrene and red blood cells) were found to be trapped in two-dimensions and pushed along the axial direction by domination of scattering force. This was found to be in consistence with the estimated axial forces caused by the beam profiles emerging from the small-cone tapered fiber tip. While for loading of the microscopic objects into the optical tweezers trap, the fiber tip was placed ~ 30μm away from the tweezers trap, unloading was carried out in presence of the tip close (<15 μm) to the tweezers trap. Further, for a fixed fiber trap and tweezers separation (~ 30 μm), both loading and unloading could be achieved by reducing the tweezers trap power so that the scattering force exerted by the fiber trap exceeded the transverse gradient force of tweezers trap. Since the tapered tip can be easily integrated onto a microfluidic channel, the proposed configuration can find potential applications in lab-on-a-chip devices. We demonstrate analysis of transported microscopic objects using digital holographic microscopy integrated with the HOTT.
Effects of negative permittivity and/or permeability on reflection and transmission from planar, circular cylindrical, and fractal chiral–chiral interfaces

In this article, we present a study on the effects of negative permittivity and/or permeability on the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves from a variety of chiral–chiral interfaces. Specifically, three topological shapes – planar, circular cylindrical, and fractal – of the interface are considered with variety of parametric differences. For each case, the reflected and transmitted power of electromagnetic waves is determined and numerical results are given for various values, positive as well as negative, of permittivity and permeability. It has been noted that combinations of negative permittivity and/or permeability along with suitable values of chirality of two media give rise to diverse transmission/reflection characteristics, in case of planar interfaces, and change of focusing field intensity in case of circular cylindrical interface. Moreover, it is noted that the fractionality of dimensions provides yet another parameter to alter any given interface characteristics.
Identification and validation of Sertoli cell homing peptides as molecular steering for testis targeted drug delivery

Abstract The testicle, an organ privileged with immunity because of Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB), poses a major impediment to developing and delivering drugs to the testes. These problems can be prevented by targeting testicular cells using specific ligands, such as homing peptides. This is the first study to demonstrate the successful selection of Sertoli cell homing peptides using a phage display peptide library. The identification of peptides is performed with Sanger sequencing and high-throughput NGS. The Sertoli cell and testis targeting potential of the SCHP1 and SCHP2 was confirmed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry of the FITC-labelled peptides and in vivo bio-distribution of the corresponding Cy5.5-tagged peptides. Secondary structures were predicted in the setting of different polarity by circular dichroism. The results suggest that SCHP1 and SCHP2 can effectively target Sertoli cells. In vivo bio-distribution in mouse models indicated significantly higher uptake of SCHP1 and SCHP2 by testes compared with the heart, brain, and spleen. SCHP1 and SCHP2 can be adopted as molecular steering for targeted male contraceptive delivery, treatment of testicular cancer, and male infertility. Further development of the peptides into peptidomimetics may increase their stability, and information on the molecular targets of these peptides may reveal their therapeutic potential.
The last battle of Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592): Some medical considerations regarding the health of the renaissance leader who changed Europe

Background and aim: Alessandro Farnese (1545-1592), 3rd Duke of Parma and Piacenza, one of the most important generals and politicians of his age. He died after a rapid deterioration of his health. The available documents testify that the Duke suffered for a long time from various health problems, such as jaundice, intestinal disorders, gout, dropsy but very little is known about the cause(s) of his death. The aim of this article is to offer for the first time a complete clinical interpretation of Alessandro Farnese’s last months of life Methods: A collection of descriptions of symptoms and signs described by his court physician and by the leading biographers of Farnese has been compiled. This collected medical evidence has been interpreted in the light of current medical knowledge, to obtain a final interpretation. Results: The results led us to consider liver diseases, neoplastic diseases (especially pancres) and infectious diseases (including typhus and malaria) as causes or contributing causes of death. Conclusions: The accurate autopsy description, in association with the anamnestic information provided by the historical documents studied, suggests that Alessandro Farnese was a hepatopathic patient suffering from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In the pre-antibiotic era, the pathological organ alterations described certainly have at least contributed to making the infectious episode (that the autopsy describes of pulmonary origin) fatal. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Safety Run-in of Intramuscular pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 DNA and TA-CIN Protein Vaccination as Treatment for HPV16+ ASC-US, ASC-H, or LSIL/CIN1

This safety run-in study cohort suggests that PVX2 immunotherapy is well tolerated in the target population and is sufficiently safe to warrant further clinical testing in a randomized study. The combined vaccines may facilitate higher-than-expected rate of human papillomavirus type 16 viral clearance 6 and 12 months after treatment, although this requires validation.
On a possible method to measure the radial profile of the photoelastic constant in step-index optical fiber

We describe a measurement method to determine the radial distribution of the photoelastic coefficient C in a step-index optical glass fiber. This method is based on the measurement of the retardance profile of a transversally illuminated fiber for increasing tensile load. The radial profile C(r) is obtained from the inverse Abel transform of this retardance profile. We measured three step-index glass fibers with three different core radii. The results suggest that C may be constant across the fiber section and that the mean absolute value of C is slightly larger for glass fibers than for fused silica. Additionally, the shape of the actual refractive index profile can be derived from the retardance measurements.
Metabolic and Genetic Derangement: A Review of Mechanisms Involved in Arsenic and Lead Toxicity and Genotoxicity

Abstract Urbanisation and industrialisation are on the rise all over the world. Environmental contaminants such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are directly linked with both phenomena. Two PTEs that raise greatest concern are arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) as soil and drinking water contaminants, whether they are naturally occurring or the consequence of human activities. Both elements are potential carcinogens. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which As and Pb impair metabolic processes and cause genetic damage in humans. Despite efforts to ban or limit their use, due to high persistence both continue to pose a risk to human health, which justifies the need for further toxicological research.
Electroporation Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Novel Cu(II) and Fe(II) Complexes in Chemotherapy‐Resistant Glioblastoma Cancer Cells

Schiff base ligand (L) was obtained by condensation reaction between 4‐aminopyrimidin‐2(1H)‐one (cytosine) with 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. The synthesized Schiff base was used for complexation with Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions used by a molar (2 : 1 mmol ration) in methanol solvent. The structural features of ligand, Cu(II), and Fe(II) metal complexes were determined by standard spectroscopic methods (FT‐IR, elemental analysis, proton and carbon NMR spectra, UV/VIS, and mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, thermal analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction). The synthesized compounds (Schiff base and its metal complexes) were screened in terms of their anti‐proliferative activities in U118 and T98G human glioblastoma cell lines alone or in combination with electroporation (EP). Moreover, the human HDF (human dermal fibroblast) cell lines was used to check the bio‐compatibility of the compounds. Anti‐proliferative activities of all compounds were ascertained using an MTT assay. The complexes exhibited a good anti‐proliferative effect on U118 and T98G glioblastoma cell lines. In addition, these compounds had a negligible cytotoxic effect on the fibroblast HDF cell lines. The use of compounds in combination with EP significantly decreased the IC50 values compared to the use of compounds alone (p<0.05). These results show that newly synthesized Cu(II) and Fe(II) complexes can be developed for use in the treatment of chemotherapy‐resistant U118 and T98G glioblastoma cells and that treatment with lower doses can be provided when used in combination with EP.
Nitrogen increases soil organic carbon accrual and alters its functionality

Nitrogen (N) availability has been considered as a critical factor for the cycling and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), but effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool appear highly variable. Given the complex nature of the SOC pool, recent frameworks suggest that separating this pool into different functional components, for example, particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral‐associated organic carbon (MAOC), is of great importance for understanding and predicting SOC dynamics. Importantly, little is known about how these N‐induced changes in SOC components (e.g., changes in the ratios among these fractions) would affect the functionality of the SOC pool, given the differences in nutrient density, resistance to disturbance, and turnover time between POC and MAOC pool. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis of 803 paired observations from 98 published studies to assess the effect of N addition on these SOC components, and the ratios among these fractions. We found that N addition, on average, significantly increased POC and MAOC pools by 16.4% and 3.7%, respectively. In contrast, both the ratios of MAOC to SOC and MAOC to POC were remarkably decreased by N enrichment (4.1% and 10.1%, respectively). Increases in the POC pool were positively correlated with changes in aboveground plant biomass and with hydrolytic enzymes. However, the positive responses of MAOC to N enrichment were correlated with increases in microbial biomass. Our results suggest that although reactive N deposition could facilitate soil C sequestration to some extent, it might decrease the nutrient density, turnover time, and resistance to disturbance of the SOC pool. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the effects of N enrichment on the SOC pool and its functionality at global scale, which is pivotal for understanding soil C dynamics especially in future scenarios with more frequent and severe perturbations.
A correlation of conductivity medium and bioparticle viability on dielectrophoresis‐based biomedical applications

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) bioparticle research has progressed from micro to nano levels. It has proven to be a promising and powerful cell manipulation method with an accurate, quick, inexpensive, and label‐free technique for therapeutic purposes. DEP, an electrokinetic phenomenon, induces particle movement as a result of polarization effects in a nonuniform electrical field. This review focuses on current research in the biomedical field that demonstrates a practical approach to DEP in terms of cell separation, trapping, discrimination, and enrichment under the influence of the conductive medium in correlation with bioparticle viability. The current review aims to provide readers with an in‐depth knowledge of the fundamental theory and principles of the DEP technique, which is influenced by conductive medium and to identify and demonstrate the biomedical application areas. The high conductivity of physiological fluids presents obstacles and opportunities, followed by bioparticle viability in an electric field elaborated in detail. Finally, the drawbacks of DEP‐based systems and the outlook for the future are addressed. This article will aid in advancing technology by bridging the gap between bioscience and engineering. We hope the insights presented in this review will improve cell suspension medium and promote DEP‐viable bioparticle manipulation for health‐care diagnostics and therapeutics.
Local immune dysregulation and subsequent inflammatory response contribute to pulmonary edema caused by Enterovirus infection in mice

Pulmonary edema that comes on suddenly is the leading cause of mortality in hand‐foot‐and‐mouth disease (HFMD) patients; however, its pathogenesis is still largely unclear. A range of research suggest immunopathogenesis during the occurrence of pulmonary edema in severe HFMD patients. Herein, to investigate the potential mechanism of immune dysregulation in the development of pulmonary edema upon Enterovirus (EV) infection, we established mouse infection models for Enteroviruses (EVs) including Coxsackievirus (CV) A6, Enterovirus A71 (EVA71), and CVA2 exhibiting a high incidence of pulmonary edema. We found that EVs infection induced an immune system disorder by reducing the numbers of pulmonary and circulatory T cells, B cells, macrophages, and monocytes and increasing the numbers of lung neutrophils, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and activated T cells. In addition, the concentrations of C−X−C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL‐1), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and interleukin 6 were increased in EV‐infected lungs. Moreover, we found that EVs replication in mice lungs lead to apoptosis of lung cells and degradation of tight junction proteins. In conclusion, EVs infection likely triggered a complexed immune defense mechanism and caused dysregulation of innate immune cells (MDSCs, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages) and adaptive cellular immunity (B cells, T cells). This dysregulation increased the release of cytokines and other inflammatory factors from activated immune‐related cells and caused lung barrier damage and pulmonary edema.
Defective E2 electrode lead gives low‐amplitude compound muscle action potential

Low‐amplitude compound muscle action potential (CMAP) suggests a neuromuscular pathology. Low amplitude will also result from a defective E1 electrode or its lead, that is, a technical artifact. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a defective E2 electrode lead on the CMAP.