Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The geometric role of symmetry breaking in gravity

In gravity, breaking symmetry from a group G to a group H plays the role of describing geometry in relation to the geometry of the homogeneous space G/H. The deep reason for this is Cartan's 'method of equivalence,' giving, in particular, an exact correspondence between metrics and Cartan connections. I argue that broken symmetry is thus implicit in any gravity theory, for purely geometric reasons. As an application, I explain how this kind of thinking gives a new approach to Hamiltonian gravity in which an observer field spontaneously breaks Lorentz symmetry and gives a Cartan connection on space.
A COMMON SOURCE OF ACCRETION DISK TILT

Many different system types retrogradely precess, and retrograde precession could be from a tidal torque by the secondary on a misaligned accretion disk. However, a source that causes and maintains disk tilt is unknown. In this work, we show that accretion disks can tilt due to a force called lift. Lift results from differing gas stream supersonic speeds over and under an accretion disk. Because lift acts at the disk's center of pressure, a torque is applied around a rotation axis passing through the disk's center of mass. The disk responds to lift by pitching around the disk's line of nodes. If the gas stream flow ebbs, then lift also ebbs and the disk attempts to return to its original orientation. To first approximation, lift does not depend on magnetic fields or radiation sources but does depend on the mass and the surface area of the disk. Also, for disk tilt to be initiated, a minimum mass transfer rate must be exceeded. For example, a 10−11 M☉ disk around a 0.8 M☉ compact central object requires a mass transfer rate greater than ˜ 8 × 10−11 M☉ yr−1, a value well below the known mass transfer rates in cataclysmic variable dwarf novae systems that retrogradely precess and exhibit negative superhumps in their light curves and a value well below mass transfer rates in protostellar-forming systems.
Large-angle correlations in the cosmic microwave background

It has been argued recently by Copi et al. 2009 that the lack of large angular correlations of the CMB temperature field provides strong evidence against the standard, statistically isotropic, inflationary Lambda cold dark matter (ACDM) cosmology. We compare various estimators of the temperature correlation function showing how they depend on assumptions of statistical isotropy and how they perform on the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-yr Internal Linear Combination (ILC) maps with and without a sky cut. We show that the low multipole harmonics that determine the large-scale features of the temperature correlation function can be reconstructed accurately from the data that lie outside the sky cuts. The reconstructions are only weakly dependent on the assumed statistical properties of the temperature field. The temperature correlation functions computed from these reconstructions are in good agreement with those computed from the ILC map over the whole sky. We conclude that the large-scale angular correlation function for our realization of the sky is well determined. A Bayesian analysis of the large-scale correlations is presented, which shows that the data cannot exclude the standard ACDM model. We discuss the differences between our results and those of Copi et al. Either there exists a violation of statistical isotropy as claimed by Copi et al., or these authors have overestimated the significance of the discrepancy because of a posteriori choices of estimator, statistic and sky cut.
Solutions of PT symmetric tight-binding chain and its equivalent Hermitian counterpart

We study the Non-Hermitian quantum mechanics for the discrete system. This paper gives an exact analytic single-particle solution for an $N$-site tight-binding chain with two conjugated imaginary potentials $\pm i\gamma $ at two end sites, which Hamiltonian has parity-time symmetry ($\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry). Based on the Bethe ansatz results, it is found that, in single-particle subspace, this model is comprised of two phases, an unbroken symmetry phase with a purely real energy spectrum in the region $\gamma \prec \gamma_{c}$ and a spontaneously-broken symmetry phase with $N-2$ real and 2 imaginary eigenvalues in the region $\gamma \succ \gamma_{c}$. The behaviors of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues in the vicinity of $\gamma_{c}$ are investigated. It is shown that the boundary of two phases possesses the characteristics of exceptional point. We also construct the equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian of the present model in the framework of metric-operator theory. We find out that the equivalent Hermitian Hamiltonian can be written as another bipartite lattice model with real long-range hoppings.
The Influence of Graded Amount of Potassium Permanganate on Corrosion of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel in Simulated Concrete Pore Solutions

This paper evaluates the amount of KMnO4 in simulated concrete pore solution (pH 12.8) on the corrosion behaviour of hot-dip galvanized steel (HDG). In the range of used MnO4− (10−4, 10−3, 10−2 mol·L−1), corrosion behaviour is examined with regard to hydrogen evolution and composition (protective barrier properties) of forming corrosion products. The corrosion behaviour of HDG samples is evaluated using Rp/Ecorr and EIS. The composition of corrosion products is evaluated using SEM, XRD, XPS and AAS. The effective MnO4− ion concentration to prevent the corrosion of coating with hydrogen evolution is 10−3 mol·L−1; lower concentrations only prolong the time to passivation (corrosion with hydrogen evolution). The highest used MnO4− concentration ensures corrosion behaviour without hydrogen evolution but also leads to the formation of less-protective amorphous corrosion products rich in MnII/MnIII phases.
A high-rate source for single photons in a pure quantum state

We report on the efficient generation of single photons, making use of spontaneous Raman scattering in a single trapped ion. The photons are collected through in-vacuum high-numerical-aperture objectives. Photon frequency, polarization and temporal shape are controlled through appropriate laser parameters, allowing for photons in a pure quantum state. These photons are suitable heralds for single-photon absorption in a single-ion quantum memory.
CPT invariance and neutrino physics

CPT invariance in neutrino physics has attracted attention after the revival of the hypothetical idea that neutrino and antineutrino might have nonequal masses ($m_{\bar\nu} \neq m_{\nu}$) when realizing neutrino oscillations as a new sensitive phenomenon to search for the violation of this fundamental symmetry. Moreover, the profound relation between the CPT and Lorentz symmetries turns the studies of CPT and Lorentz invariance violations into the {\bf one two-sided} problem. We present a guide for non-experts through the literature on neutrino physics. The basic works are reviewed thoroughly while for the other papers only current results or discussion issues are quoted. The review covers, mostly, oscillations of neutrinos, resonant change of their flavors and cosmic neutrino physics to systematize possible evidences of CPT/Lorentz violation in this sector of the Standard
Studies of the decays D^0 \rightarrow K_S^0K^-\pi^+ and D^0 \rightarrow K_S^0K^+\pi^-

J. Insler, H. Muramatsu, C. S. Park, L. J. Pearson, E. H. Thorndike, S. Ricciardi, C. Thomas, 3 M. Artuso, S. Blusk, R. Mountain, T. Skwarnicki, S. Stone, J. C. Wang, L. M. Zhang, G. Bonvicini, D. Cinabro, M. J. Smith, P. Zhou, T. Gershon, P. Naik, J. Rademacker, K. W. Edwards, K. Randrianarivony, R. A. Briere, H. Vogel, P. U. E. Onyisi, J. L. Rosner, J. P. Alexander, D. G. Cassel, S. Das, R. Ehrlich, L. Gibbons, S. W. Gray, D. L. Hartill, D. L. Kreinick, V. E. Kuznetsov, J. R. Patterson, D. Peterson, D. Riley, A. Ryd, A. J. Sadoff, X. Shi, W. M. Sun, J. Yelton, P. Rubin, N. Lowrey, S. Mehrabyan, M. Selen, J. Wiss, J. Libby, M. Kornicer, R. E. Mitchell, D. Besson, T. K. Pedlar, D. Cronin-Hennessy, J. Hietala, S. Dobbs, Z. Metreveli, K. K. Seth, A. Tomaradze, T. Xiao, D. Johnson, S. Malde, L. Martin, A. Powell, G. Wilkinson, D. M. Asner, G. Tatishvili, J. Y. Ge, D. H. Miller, I. P. J. Shipsey, B. Xin, G. S. Adams, J. Napolitano, and K. M. Ecklund
Master equation as a radial constraint

We revisit the problem of perturbations of Schwarzschild-AdS$_4$ black holes by using a combination of the Martel-Poisson formalism for perturbations of four-dimensional spherically symmetric spacetimes and the Kodama-Ishibashi formalism. We clarify the relationship between both formalisms and express the Brown-York-Balasubramanian-Krauss boundary stress-energy tensor, $\bar{T}_{\mu\nu}$, on a finite-$r$ surface purely in terms of the even and odd master functions. Then, on these surfaces we find that the spacelike components of the conservation equation $\bar{\mathcal{D}}^\mu \bar{T}_{\mu\nu} =0$ are equivalent to the wave equations for the master functions. The renormalized stress-energy tensor at the boundary $\displaystyle \frac{r}{L} \lim_{r \rightarrow \infty} \bar{T}_{\mu\nu}$ is calculated directly in terms of the master functions.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

Background and objectives: New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) represents a primary cause of morbidity and allograft loss. We assessed prevalence and risk factors for NODAT in a population of Italian kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Methods: Data from 522 KT performed between January 2004 and December 2014 were analyzed. Participants underwent clinical examination; blood and urine laboratory tests were obtained at baseline, one, six, and 12-month of follow-up to detect glucose homeostasis abnormalities and associated metabolic disorders. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at six months in 303 subjects. Results: Most patients were Caucasian (82.4%) with a mean age of 48 ± 12 years. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) and NODAT was 12.6% and 10.7%, respectively. Comparing characteristics of patients with normal glucose metabolism (NGM) to those with NODAT, we found a significant difference in living donation (16.6% vs. 6.1%; p = 0.03) and age at transplant (46 ± 12 vs. 56 ± 9 years; p = 0.0001). Also, we observed that patients developing NODAT had received higher cumulative steroid doses (1-month: 1165 ± 593 mg vs. 904 ± 427 mg; p = 0.002; 6-month:2194 ± 1159 mg vs. 1940 ± 744 mg; p = 0.002). The NODAT group showed inferior allograft function compared to patients with NGM (1-year eGFR: 50.1 ± 16.5 vs. 57 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2; p = 0.02). NODAT patients were more likely to exhibit elevated systolic blood pressure and higher total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than controls. Conclusions: The prevalence of NODAT in our cohort was relatively high. Patient age and early post-transplant events such as steroid abuse are associated with NODAT development.
Native Rhizobia Improve Plant Growth, Fix N2, and Reduce Greenhouse Emissions of Sunnhemp More than Commercial Rhizobia Inoculants in Florida Citrus Orchards

Sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is an important legume cover crop used in tree cropping systems, where there is increased interest by growers to identify rhizobia to maximize soil nitrogen (N) inputs. We aimed to isolate and identify native rhizobia and compare their capabilities with non-native rhizobia from commercial inoculants to fix atmospheric dinitrogen (N2), produce and reduce nitrous oxide (N2O), and improve plant growth. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 16S rRNA and recA, atpD, and glnII genes showed native rhizobial strains belonged to Rhizobium tropici and the non-native strain to Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Plant nodulation tests, sequencing of nodC and nifH genes, and the acetylene-dependent ethylene production assay confirmed the capacity of all strains to nodulate sunnhemp and fix N2. Inoculation with native rhizobial strains resulted in significant increases in root and shoot weight and total C and N contents in the shoots, and showed greater N2-fixation rates and lower emissions of N2O compared to the non-native rhizobium. Our results suggest that native rhizobia improve plant growth, fix N2, and reduce greenhouse emissions of sunnhemp more than commercial rhizobia inoculants in Florida citrus orchards.
1116 OxPhos inhibition offsets the metabolic advantage of pancreatic cancer and promotes a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment

Background Cancer cells must reprogram their metabolic state to adapt to the heightened energy demands needed for tumorigenesis. 1 Aberrant tumor metabolism rapidly exhausts the tumor microenvironment of oxygen and key nutrients, cre-ating a hypoxic, immunosuppressive landscape that limits T cell infiltration and renders immunotherapy ineffective. 2 We have previously shown that targeted hypoxia reduction restores effector T cell infiltration and sensitizes tumors to anti- CTLA-4/ anti- PD-1 blockade. 3 Inhibitors of tumor oxidative metabolism (OxPhos) are also promising strategy to offset the tumor metabolic advantage over the immune system by reducing the oxygen utilization of tumor cells and combating tumor hypoxia. Metformin, a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, has been reported to improve tumor control when com-bined with PD-1 blockade by alleviating tumor hypoxia and improving T cell activation. 4 While targeting tumor oxidative metabolism has shown promising results, studies have mainly focused on the impacts of complex I inhibition, leaving the impact of inhibition on downstream components of the elec-tron transport chain poorly understood.
The nearby Type Ibn supernova 2015G: signatures of asymmetry and progenitor constraints

US National Science Foundation (NSF) [AST-1211916]; Gary & Cynthia Bengier; Richard & Rhoda Goldman Fund; Christopher R. Redlich Fund; TABASGO Foundation; Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (UC Berkeley); NSF [PHY-1607611, AST-1518052]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through from the Space Telescope Science Institute [GO-13683, GO-13797, GO-14149, AR-14295, GO-14668]; NASA [NAS5-26555]; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; W. M. Keck Foundation; NASA's Astrophysics Data Analysis Program [NNX13AF35G]
Corneal Refractive Surgery Considerations in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator-Related Disorders

Abstract This article discusses common ocular manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-related disorders (CFTR-RD). A structured approach for assessing and treating patients with CF/CFTR-RD seeking corneal refractive surgery is proposed, as well as a novel surgical risk scoring system. We also report two patients with various manifestations of CFTR dysfunction who presented for refractive surgery and the outcomes of the procedures. Surgeons seeking to perform refractive surgery on patients with CF/CFTR-RD should be aware of mild to severe clinical manifestations of CFTR dysfunction. Specific systemic and ocular manifestations of CF include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchiectasis, recurrent pulmonary infections, CF-related diabetes and liver disease, pancreatic insufficiency, conjunctival xerosis, night blindness, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and blepharitis. Corneal manifestations include dry eye disease (DED), punctate keratitis (PK), filamentary keratitis (FK), xerophthalmia, and decreased endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness. Utilization of the appropriate review of systems (ROS) and screening tests will assist in determining if the patient is a suitable candidate for refractive surgery, as CF/CFTR-RD can impact the health of the cornea. Collaboration with other medical professionals who care for these patients is encouraged to ensure that their CF/CFTR-RD symptoms are best controlled via systemic and other treatment options. This will assist in reducing the severity of their ocular manifestations before and after surgery.
Multiple myeloma with extramedullary plasmacytoma: pathogenesis and clinical case

Background. Multiple myeloma complicated by extramedullary plasmacytoma is an unfavorable variant of the disease. It remains unknown what triggers tumor transformation. The review presents literature data on the pathogenesis of extramedullary disease, as well as a clinical example of a comprehensive study of the tumor substrate.Aim. To study the molecular and biological characteristics of the tumor substrate of the bone marrow and extramedullary plasmacytoma using various research methods.Materials and methods. A 55-year-old patient was admitted to National Medical Research Center for Hematology with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma occurring with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the retroperitoneal space. dNA was isolated from samples of different localization (blood plasma, Cd138+ bone marrow cells, plasmacytoma and buccal epithelial cells). The profile of short tandem dNA repeats (STR) from the obtained samples was studied by multiplex polymerase chain reaction followed by fragment analysis. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fISH) of bone marrow Cd138+ cells was performed using various dNA probes. Comparative genomic hybridization on a microarray (arrayCGH) plasmacytoma dNA was also performed. The mutation profile of the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF genes was studied by Sanger sequencing in tumor samples of various localizations.Results. The induction therapy (vCd (bortezomib + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone), vRd (bortezomib + lenalidomide + dexamethasone), daratumumab therapy) was ineffective, death occurred 4 months after the first clinical manifestations appeared. Comparison of STR markers of circulating cell-free tumor dNA (cfdNA), Cd138+ bone marrow cells, and plasmacytoma revealed the largest number of involved loci exactly in plasmacytoma’ dNA. A mutation in the NRAS gene was found only in plasmacytoma’ dNA. This indicates the presence of another clone of tumor cells in the extra-medullary plasmacytoma. Molecular karyotyping of plasmacytoma using the arrayCGH method revealed rearrangements of many chromosomes. 1p32.3 bi-allelic deletion, amplification of 1q21, 8q24/MyC rearrangements and del17p13 were confirmed by arrayCGH molecular karyotyping and fISH studies in bone marrow and plasmacytoma.Conclusion. A comprehensive molecular genetic study of the extramedullary plasmacytoma’ substrate is necessary to understand the pathogenesis mechanisms and, on this basis, to develop differentiated therapeutic approaches.
Flavor violation in the MSSM and implications for top and squark searches at colliders

In this article I review some connections between flavor physics and collider physics. The first part discusses the effect of right-handed charged currents on the determination of the CKM elements Vub based on Ref. (1). It is shown that such an effective right-handed W-coupling can be generated in the MSSM which would lead to a sizable enhancement of single-top production at the LHC. The second part of this article focuses on the constraints on the mass splitting between left-handed squarks from Kaon and D mixing based on Ref. (2). Such a mass splitting has interesting consequences for squark decay chains at colliders.
ASYMMETRY IN THE OUTBURST OF SN 1987A DETECTED USING LIGHT ECHO SPECTROSCOPY

We report direct evidence for asymmetry in the early phases of SN 1987A via optical spectroscopy of five fields of its light echo system. The light echoes allow the first few hundred days of the explosion to be reobserved, with different position angles providing different viewing angles to the supernova. Light echo spectroscopy therefore allows a direct spectroscopic comparison of light originating from different regions of the photosphere during the early phases of SN 1987A. Gemini multi-object spectroscopy of the light echo fields shows fine structure in the Hα line as a smooth function of position angle on the near-circular light echo rings. Hα profiles originating from the northern hemisphere of SN 1987A show an excess in redshifted emission and a blue knee, while southern hemisphere profiles show an excess of blueshifted Hα emission and a red knee. This fine structure is reminiscent of the “Bochum event” originally observed for SN 1987A, but in an exaggerated form. Maximum deviation from symmetry in the Hα line is observed at position angles 16° and 186°, consistent with the major axis of the expanding elongated ejecta. The asymmetry signature observed in the Hα line smoothly diminishes as a function of viewing angle away from the poles of the elongated ejecta. We propose an asymmetric two-sided distribution of 56Ni most dominant in the southern far quadrant of SN 1987A as the most probable explanation of the observed light echo spectra. This is evidence that the asymmetry of high-velocity 56Ni in the first few hundred days after explosion is correlated to the geometry of the ejecta some 25 years later.
Thermal photons as a quark-gluon plasma thermometer reexamined

Photons are a penetrating probe of the hot medium formed in heavy-ion collisions, but they are emitted from all collision stages. At photon energies below 2-3 GeV, the measured photon spectra are approximately exponential and can be characterized by their inverse logarithmic slope, often called "effective temperature" $T_\mathrm{eff}$. Modelling the evolution of the radiating medium hydrodynamically, we analyze the factors controlling the value of $T_\mathrm{eff}$ and how it is related to the evolving true temperature $T$ of the fireball. We find that at RHIC and LHC energies most photons are emitted from fireball regions with $T{\,\sim\,}T_\mathrm{c}$ near the quark-hadron phase transition, but that their effective temperature is significantly enhanced by strong radial flow. Although a very hot, high pressure early collision stage is required for generating this radial flow, we demonstrate that the experimentally measured large effective photon temperatures $T_\mathrm{eff}{\,>\,}T_\mathrm{c}$, taken alone, do not prove that any electromagnetic radiation was actually emitted from regions with true temperatures well above $T_\mathrm{c}$. We explore tools that can help to provide additional evidence for the relative weight of photon emission from the early quark-gluon and late hadronic phases. We find that the recently measured centrality dependence of the total thermal photon yield requires a larger contribution from late emission than presently encoded in our hydrodynamic model.
Magneto-orbital effect without spin-orbit interactions in a noncentrosymmetric zeolite-templated carbon structure

A peculiar manifestation of orbital angular momentum is proposed for a zeolite-templated carbon system, C36H9. The structure, being a network of nanoflakes in the shape of a "pinwheel", lacks inversion symmetry. While the unit cell is large, the electronic structure obtained with a first-principles density functional theory and captured as an effective tight-binding model in terms of maximally-localized Wannier functions, exhibits an unusual feature that the valence band top comes from two chiral states having orbital magnetic momenta of $\pm 1$. The noncentrosymmetric lattice structure then makes the band dispersion asymmetric, as reminiscent of, but totally different from, spin-orbit systems. The unusual feature is predicted to imply a current-induced orbital magnetism when holes are doped.