Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research Progress on Hypoglycemic Mechanisms of Resistant Starch: A Review

In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes is on the rise, globally. Resistant starch (RS) has been known as a kind of promising dietary fiber for the prevention or treatment of diabetes. Therefore, it has become a hot topic to explore the hypoglycemic mechanisms of RS. In this review, the mechanisms have been summarized, according to the relevant studies in the recent 15 years. In general, the blood glucose could be regulated by RS by regulating the intestinal microbiota disorder, resisting digestion, reducing inflammation, regulating the hypoglycemic related enzymes and some other mechanisms. Although the exact mechanisms of the beneficial effects of RS have not been fully verified, it is indicated that RS can be used as a daily dietary intervention to reduce the risk of diabetes in different ways. In addition, further research on hypoglycemic mechanisms of RS impacted by the RS categories, the different experimental animals and various dietary habits of human subjects, have also been discussed in this review.
Serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected from unvaccinated children with pneumonia at a province in central Vietnam

Background and Objectives: Identification of pnemococcal serotypes and antimicrobial resistance provides helpful information for the use of suitable vaccines and antibiotics; however, very limited data is available on these issues in Vietnam. The present study aimed to find the serotype distribution and drug resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from unvaccinated children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia at a province in centre Vietnam. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 clinical pnemococcal strains isolated from unvaccinated children less than 5 years of age with pneumonia at the Nghe An province, Vietnam between Nov 2019 and Mar 2021. All strains were identified using conventional microbiological method, VITEK® 2 Compact system, specific PCR and sequencing. The serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns of pnemococcal strains were determined using the multiplex PCR assays and VITEK® 2 Compact system. Results: The results showed that, eight different pneumococcal serotypes were identified. The most common serotypes were 19F (67.46%), followed by 23F (10.32%), 19A (9.52%), 6A/B (3.17%), 15A (2.38%), 9V (3.17%), 11A (1.59%) and 14 (0.80%), respectively. More than half of the pneumococcal strains were non-susceptible to penicillin. The resistance rate to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were 41.3% and 50.8%. The percentage of pneumococci strains resistant to clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, tetracyclin, and clindamycin were more than 93% of all strains. All pneumococcal serotypes were highly resistant to clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, and clindamycin. Conclusion: Our findings showed high antibiotic resistance rates of the strains causing pneumococcal pneumonia, mostly macrolide resistance, among unvaccinated children.
Propagation and Dynamics of Relativistic Jets

We investigate the dynamics and morphology of jets propagating into the interstellar medium using two-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. The calculations are performed assuming axisymmetric geometry and follow jet propagation over a long distance. The jets are assumed to be "light," with the density ratio between the beam to the ambient gas much less than unity. We examine the mechanism for the appearance of vortices at the head of jets in the hot spot. Such vortices are known as a trigger of a deceleration phase, which appears after a short phase in which the jet propagation follows the results from one-dimensional analysis. We find that an oblique shock at the boundary rim near the end of the beam strongly affects the flow structure in and around the hot spot. Weakly shocked gas passes through this oblique shock and becomes a trigger for the generation of vortices. We also find the parameter dependence of these effects for the propagation and dynamics of the jets. The jet with slower propagation velocity is weakly pinched, has large vortices, and shows very complex structure at the head of the jets and extended synchrotron emissivity.
Lyman-break Galaxies at z ∼ 3 in the Subaru Deep Field: Luminosity Function, Clustering, and [O iii] Emission

We combined deep U-band and optical/near-infrared imaging, in order to select Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 3 using U − V and V − R c colors in the Subaru Deep Field. The resulting sample of 5161 LBGs gives a UV luminosity function (LF) down to M UV = − 18 , with a steep faint-end slope of α = − 1.78 ± 0.05 . We analyze UV-to-NIR energy distributions (SEDs) from optical photometry and photometry on IR median-stacked images. In the stacks, we find a systematic background depression centered on the LBGs. This results from the difficulty of finding faint galaxies in regions with higher-than-average surface densities of foreground galaxies, so we corrected for this deficit. Best-fit stellar population models for the LBG SEDs indicate stellar masses and star formation rates of log 10 ( M * / M ⊙ ) ≃ 10 and ≃ 50 M⊙ yr−1 at 〈 i AB ′ 〉 = 24 , down to log 10 ( M * / M ⊙ ) ≃ 8 and ≃ 3 M ⊙ yr−1 at 〈 i AB ′ 〉 = 27 . The faint LBGs show a ∼1 mag excess over the stellar continuum in K-band. We interpret this excess flux as redshifted [O iii] λ λ 4959,5007 lines. The observed excesses imply equivalent widths that increase with decreasing mass, reaching EW 0 ( [ O iii ] 4959 , 5007 + H β ) ≳ 1500 Å (rest-frame). Such strong [O iii] emission is seen only in a miniscule fraction of local emission-line galaxies, but is probably universal in the faint galaxies that reionized the universe. Our halo occupation distribution analysis of the angular correlation function gives a halo mass of log 10 ( 〈 M h 〉 / h − 1 M ⊙ ) = 11.29 ± 0.12 for the full sample of LBGs, and log 10 ( 〈 M h 〉 / h − 1 M ⊙ ) = 11.49 ± 0.1 for the brightest half of the sample.
Two Concepts of Positive Dependence, with Applications in Multivariate Analysis.

Abstract : We develop properties and theory for positive orthant dependence, a multivariate extension of Lehmann's positive quadrant dependence, and right tail increasing in sequence dependence, a multivariate extension of Esary and Proschan's bivariate right tail increasing dependence. Applications are then obtained in the form of inequalities and monotonicity in a wide variety of multivariate statistical problems, including MANOVA, contingency tables, dependence measurement, competing risk models, reliability of series systems, and distributions theory. (Author)
Field Guide to Geometrical Optics

This Field Guide derives from the treatment of geometrical optics that has evolved from both the undergraduate and graduate programs at the Optical Sciences Center at the University of Arizona. The development is both rigorous and complete, and it features a consistent notation and sign convention. This volume covers Gaussian imagery, paraxial optics, first-order optical system design, system examples, illumination, chromatic effects, and an introduction to aberrations. The appendices provide supplemental material on radiometry and photometry, the human eye, and several other topics.
On the Time Consistency of Equilibria in Additively Separable Differential Games

The relationship amongst state-redundancy and time consistency of differential games is investigated. A class of state-redundant games is detected, where the state dynamics and the payoff functions of all players are additively separable w.r. t. control variables. We prove that, in this class of games, open-loop Nash and degenerate feedback Stackelberg equilibria coincide, both being subgame perfect. This allows us to bypass the issue of the time inconsistency that typically affects the open-loop Stackelberg solution.
Anticipatory countering of motor challenges by premovement activation of orexin neurons

Abstract Countering upcoming challenges with anticipatory movements is a fundamental function of the brain, whose neural implementations remain poorly defined. Recently, premovement neural activation was found outside canonical premotor areas, in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons (HONs). The purpose of this hypothalamic activation is unknown. By studying precisely defined mouse–robot interactions, here we show that the premovement HON activity correlates with experience-dependent emergence of anticipatory movements that counter imminent motor challenges. Through targeted, bidirectional optogenetic interference, we demonstrate that the premovement HON activation governs the anticipatory movements. These findings advance our understanding of the behavioral and cognitive impact of temporally defined HON signals and may provide important insights into healthy adaptive movements.
In Vitro and In Vivo Cell-Interactions with Electrospun Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA): Morphological and Immune Response Analysis

Random electrospun three-dimensional fiber membranes mimic the extracellular matrix and the interfibrillar spaces promotes the flow of nutrients for cells. Electrospun PLGA membranes were analyzed in vitro and in vivo after being sterilized with gamma radiation and bioactivated with fibronectin or collagen. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells and primary fibroblast-like cells from hamster’s cheek paunch proliferated over time on these membranes, evidencing their good biocompatibility. Cell-free irradiated PLGA membranes implanted on the back of hamsters resulted in a chronic granulomatous inflammatory response, observed after 7, 15, 30 and 90 days. Morphological analysis of implanted PLGA using light microscopy revealed epithelioid cells, Langhans type of multinucleate giant cells (LCs) and multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) with internalized biomaterial. Lymphocytes increased along time due to undegraded polymer fragments, inducing the accumulation of cells of the phagocytic lineage, and decreased after 90 days post implantation. Myeloperoxidase+ cells increased after 15 days and decreased after 90 days. LCs, MNGCs and capillaries decreased after 90 days. Analysis of implanted PLGA after 7, 15, 30 and 90 days using transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed cells exhibiting internalized PLGA fragments and filopodia surrounding PLGA fragments. Over time, TEM analysis showed less PLGA fragments surrounded by cells without fibrous tissue formation. Accordingly, MNGC constituted a granulomatous reaction around the polymer, which resolves with time, probably preventing a fibrous capsule formation. Finally, this study confirms the biocompatibility of electrospun PLGA membranes and their potential to accelerate the healing process of oral ulcerations in hamsters’ model in association with autologous cells.
In-situ deformation imaging of articular cartilage using grating-based phase-contrast X-ray CT at a synchrotron light source

Quantification of deformation behavior of artic ular cartilage (AC) is crucial for understanding its mechani cal function and response to mechanical stimuli. Here, we explored whether grating-based phase-contrast X-ray CT using monochromatic synchrotron light (grating-based msPXCT) enables in-situ quantification of local deforma tion in AC. Grating-based msPXCT of a porcine AC sample during axial compression test was conducted using a Talbot grating interferometer. Local displacements and strains were computed using a digital volume correlation method. The magnitude of axial strain decreased from the upper to middle sample zones and reached almost constant over the middle-lower zone, consistent with the depth-dependent density increase with compression. Thus, grating-based msPXCT may be suitable for quantitative analysis of AC deformation.
Weakly nonlocal irreversible thermodynamics

Weakly nonlocal thermodynamic theories are critically revisited. A relocalized, irreversible thermodynamic theory of nonlocal phenomena is given, based on a modified form of the entropy current and new kind of internal variables, the so called current multipliers. The treatment is restricted to deal with nonlocality connected to dynamic thermodynamic variables. Several classical equations are derived, including Guyer‐Krumhansl, Ginzburg‐Landau and Cahn‐Hilliard type equations.
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Neuropathic Pain by Modulating Macrophage Polarization in a Rat SCI Model

Context Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) frequently occurs after spinal cord injury (SCI) but lacks effective therapeutic options in the clinic. Numerous evidence indicates the involvement of macrophages activation in the NP, and the modulation of macrophages is promising for NP treatment. In this study, we introduce Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) and aim to investigate whether it can relieve the NP by modulating macrophage polarization. Methods CONPs were prepared using the hydrothermal method. In vitro, different concentrations of CONPs were used to cultivate macrophages (RAW 264.7). In vivo, the analgesic effect of CONPs was investigated in a contusive rat SCI model. Mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL) were tested to evaluate pain behaviors. Immunofluorescence staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied to assess macrophage phenotypes. Results The synthesized CONPs were 6.8 ± 0.5 nm in size, presenting a cubic morphology. Live/dead staining showed that the relatively low concentrations of CONPs (less than 800 μg/mL) displayed good biocompatibility with macrophages. Intrathecal injection of CONPs could significantly increase the mechanical PWT and thermal PWL of SCI rats. Molecular experiments results showed the expression of M2 macrophage-related markers (CD206, Arg-1, IL-10) were significantly increased, while that of M1 macrophage-related markers (CD86, TNF-α, iNOS) were downregulated after CONPs treatment. Conclusion Our study suggests that CONPs can relive the NP following SCI by promoting M2 macrophages polarization, which provides a novel insight for the treatment of SCI induced NP.
Contribution of observed multi frequency spectrum of Alfvén waves to coronal heating

Context. Whilst there are observational indications that transverse magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves carry enough energy to maintain the thermal structure of the solar corona, it is not clear whether such energy can be efficiently and effectively converted into heating. Phase-mixing of Alfvén waves is considered a candidate mechanism, as it can develop transverse gradient where magnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy. However, phase-mixing is a process that crucially depends on the amplitude and period of the transverse oscillations, and only recently have we obtained a complete measurement of the power spectrum for transverse oscillations in the corona. Aims. We aim to investigate the heating generated by phase-mixing of transverse oscillations triggered by buffeting of a coronal loop that follows from the observed coronal power spectrum as well as the impact of these persistent oscillations on the structure of coronal loops. Methods. We considered a 3D MHD model of an active region coronal loop and we perturbed its footpoints with a 2D horizontal driver that represents a random buffeting motion of the loop footpoints. Our driver was composed of 1000 pulses superimposed to generate the observed power spectrum. Results. We find that the heating supply from the observed power spectrum in the solar corona through phase-mixing is not sufficient to maintain the million-degree active region solar corona. We also find that the development of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities could be a common phenomenon in coronal loops that could affect their apparent life time. Conclusions. This study concludes that is unlikely that phase-mixing of Alfvén waves resulting from an observed power spectrum of transverse coronal loop oscillations can heat the active region solar corona. However, transverse waves could play an important role in the development of small scale structures.
Effects of Minor Gadolinium Addition and T4 Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium

Mg–Gd alloys are candidates for degradable implants combining favorable mechanical and corrosion properties. Gd has a high solid solubility in Mg and an acceptable biocompatibility. The influences of different amount of Gd additions and solid solution (T4) treatment on mechanical properties and corrosion in 0.9 wt% NaCl and cell culture medium (CCM) of magnesium are systematically investigated. The effects of Gd are clarified by microstructural characterizations as well as stress and degradation analysis. It is shown that minor Gd additions to pure Mg lead to Gd solid solution in Mg (α) and the formation of Mg5Gd intermetallic particles (IMPs), which increase the hardness, tensile, and compressive strength. The GdH2 phase is found in low‐alloyed Mg–Gd alloys. The corrosion rate (CR) is increased by the addition of more Gd due to the increased kinetics of the cathodic reaction. However, the resistance to degradation is effectively improved by T4 heat treatment due to the dissolution of IMPs. The reduced susceptibility to pitting can be achieved by a minor Gd addition and T4 heat treatment. The Mg–2Gd alloy is a potential candidate for implants due to its good combination of tailorable mechanical properties and low homogeneous in vitro degradation rate (DR).
Gaussian beam methods for the Schrӧdinger equation with periodic potentials and strictly hyperbolic systems

In this dissertation, we study Gaussian beam superposition methods for the computation of high frequency wavefields governed by two important time-dependent partial differential equations, the Shcrӧdinger equation with periodic potentials and strictly hyperbolic systems, both subject to highly oscillatory initial conditions. Gaussian beams form a high frequency asymptotic model which is closely related to geometrical optics. However, unlike geometrical optics, there is no breakdown at caustics. The beam solution is concentrated near a single ray of geometrical optics. The superposition of first order Gaussian beams constitute our asymptotic solution to the underlying initial value problems. Based on the well-posedness result, we obtain optimal error estimates in terms of the high frequency parameter &epsilon. For the Schrӧdinger equation, our error estimate is obtained in L^2 norm, and for hyperbolic systems the energy norm is taken. For the linear semi-classical Shcrӧdinger equation in periodic media, the geometric optics ansatz together with homogenization leads to the Bloch eigenvalue problem. We provide Gaussian beam evolution equations for each Bloch band, following the idea in the earlier work by M. Dimassi J-C. Guillot and J. Ralston &rdquo Gaussian beam construction for adiabatic perturbations &ldquo published in the Journal of Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry in 2006, [10]. Our contribution to the analysis of this problem is in obtaining error estimates of the Gaussian beam superposition. Using the superposition principle, we obtain high frequency approximate solutions to the original wavefield. When the initial data can be decomposed into a finite number of band eigen-functions and under regularity assumptions for Bloch bands and energy bands, we prove that thefirst-order Gaussian beam superposition converges to the original wavefield at a rate of 1/2, with the semiclassically scaled constant, as long as the initial data for Gaussian beam components in each band are prepared with same order of error or smaller. For a natural choice of initial approximation, a rate of &epsilon^(1/2) of initial error is verified. For the strictly hyperbolic systems we construct Gaussian beam approximations and study the accuracy of the Gaussian beam superposition. Under some regularity assumptions of data we show error estimates between the exact solution and the Gaussian beam superposition in terms of the high frequency parameter . The main result is that the relative local error measured in energy norm in the beam approximations decay as ^(1/2) independent of dimension and presence of caustics, forfirst order beams. This result is shown to be valid when the gradient of the initial phase may vanish on a set of measure zero. For the strictly hyperbolic systems we construct Gaussian beam approximations and study the accuracy of the Gaussian beam superposition. Under some regularity assumptions of data we show error estimates between the exact solution and the Gaussian beam superposition in terms of the high…
Characterization of the magnetic modification of Co/Pt multilayer films by He+, Ar+, and Ga+ ion irradiation

Co/Pt multilayers can exhibit large perpendicular anisotropies and coercivities that are very sensitive to the quality of the Co/Pt interfaces. We have characterized the dependence of coercivity of Co/Pt multilayers on irradiation with various ion species (He+, Ar+, and Ga+), energies (20 keV–2 MeV), and doses (1011–1017 ions/cm2), in order to understand better the nature of the structural changes responsible for the magnetic changes. We find that, in general, the system is much more sensitive to irradiation than expected on the basis of a nearest-neighbor coupling model and simple ballistic ion-beam mixing.
Molecular hydrogen therapy for neurological diseases: a review of current evidence

Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals cause oxidative stress which is the underlying pathogenesis of cellular injury in various neurological diseases. Molecular hydrogen therapy with its unique biological property of selectively scavenging pathological free radicals has demonstrated therapeutic potential in innumerable animal studies and some clinical trials. These studies have implicated several cellular pathways affected by hydrogen therapy in explaining its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. This article reviews relevant animal and clinical studies that demonstrate neuroprotective effects of hydrogen therapy in stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, neurotrauma, and global brain injury.
Characteristic scales of Townsend’s wall-attached eddies

Townsend (The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow, 1976, Cambridge University Press) proposed a structural model for the logarithmic layer (log layer) of wall turbulence at high Reynolds numbers, where the dominant momentum-carrying motions are organised into a multiscale population of eddies attached to the wall. In the attached-eddy framework, the relevant length and velocity scales of the wall-attached eddies are the friction velocity and the distance to the wall. In the present work, we hypothesise that the momentum-carrying eddies are controlled by the mean momentum flux and mean shear with no explicit reference to the distance to the wall and propose new characteristic velocity, length and time scales consistent with this argument. Our hypothesis is supported by direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flows driven by non-uniform body forces and modified mean velocity profiles, where the resulting outer-layer flow structures are substantially altered to accommodate the new mean momentum transfer. The proposed scaling is further corroborated by simulations where the no-slip wall is replaced by a Robin boundary condition for the three velocity components, allowing for substantial wall-normal transpiration at all length scales. We show that the outer-layer one-point statistics and spectra of this channel with transpiration agree quantitatively with those of its wall-bounded counterpart. The results reveal that the wall-parallel no-slip condition is not required to recover classic wall-bounded turbulence far from the wall and, more importantly, neither is the impermeability condition at the wall.