Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Parallel 2D Numerical Simulation of Tumor Cells Necrosis by Local Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia has been widely used in cancer treatment to destroy tumors. The main idea of the hyperthermia is to heat a specific region like a tumor so that above a threshold temperature the tumor cells are destroyed. This can be accomplished by many heat supply techniques and the use of magnetic nanoparticles that generate heat when an alternating magnetic field is applied has emerged as a promise technique. In the present paper, the Pennes bioheat transfer equation is adopted to model the thermal tumor ablation in the context of magnetic nanoparticles. Numerical simulations are carried out considering different injection sites for the nanoparticles in an attempt to achieve better hyperthermia conditions. Explicit finite difference method is employed to solve the equations. However, a large amount of computation is required for this purpose. Therefore, this work also presents an initial attempt to improve performance using OpenMP, a parallel programming API. Experimental results were quite encouraging: speedups around 35 were obtained on a 64-core machine.
On the two ways for the computing of the fire front positions and the rate of spread

The aim of this paper is to propose two methods for the identification of the fire front positions and the rate of spread in order to validate the first one by the second method. The first technique is based on the heat fluxes measured by specific thermal sensors and the use of the inverse method. The second one uses an image processing technique to obtain the fire front positions in pixels. The real positions in the propagation zone are determined using a matrix of passage calculated by applying the simple direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithm. The two methods give promising results and show that the thermal sensor technique can be validated by the image processing method.
DURABILITY OF REPAIR MATERIALS

Despite the widespread and expanding need for concrete repair, the lack of comprehensive data and suitable guidelines leaves designers with some uncertainty as to how to proceed with the design and execution of durable repairs. The extreme climatic conditions in North America make it even more difficult. One of the most widely used methods of repair is the patch and waterproof procedure involving cementitious or polymeric patches and elastomeric membranes. This article presents an overview of material and structural characteristics and other factors that should be considered in the design of the repair process and the selection of patching materials.
Green's function approach to MOS physics-based compact noise modelling

A Green's function approach, akin to the classical Impedance Field Method, is exploited to derive a compact noise model for long-gate MOSFETs. The model includes diffusion noise as microscopic noise source, accounting for high field mobility and diffusivity effects in the microscopic noise source and in the Green's function evaluation. The analytical model with nominal parameters compares very well with results obtained from an accurate 2D numerical drift-diffusion model, both for the noise density distributions and the device terminal noise spectra.
Immediate Effect of Buteyko Breathing in Hypertensive Patients: An Experimental Prospective Study

Background: There are ample studies showing effect of Buteyko breathing technique on cardiovascular parameters in asthmatics but very few studies have been done to see its immediate effect on hypertensive patients. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the immediate effectiveness of Buteyko breathing technique on hypertensive patients in terms of Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure, Heart rate and Oxygen saturation (SpO2) Method: The research design used was Experimental prospective study design. Total 50 participants were screened and those meeting the inclusion criteria (42) were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups-experimental and control Group, by computer generated randomised table into groups of 21 each. The experimental group performed the Buteyko breathing exercises. The control group did not receive any treatment. Pre and immediate post intervention scores were measured in terms of systolic BP, Diastolic BP, heart rate and SpO2. Findings: On comparing the pre and post intervention values of the outcome measures, it was observed that there was statistically significant difference in Systolic BP, Heart rate and SpO2 values in Buteyko breathing group. No significant difference was seen in Pre and Post values of Systolic and Diastolic BP, Heart rate and SpO2 values in Control group. On comparing between the groups, it was observed that there was statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of SpO2 Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded from the present study that Buteyko breathing technique has an immediate positive response on oxygen saturation level in hypertensives.
Energy flow in piezoelectric energy harvesting systems

In the research of piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH), the previous foci were mostly on the amount of energy that can be harvested from the ambient vibration sources. Other portions of energy, e.g., the energy dissipated during the harvesting process, were seldom considered in PEH systems. Yet, the ignorance on these energies might cause some misunderstanding in the studies of energy harvesting. This paper sets up an energy flow based framework for the analysis of PEH systems. An energy flow chart is introduced to comprehensively illustrate the energy paths within the PEH system. Taking the interface circuits of standard energy harvesting (SEH) and synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (SSHI) as examples, different branches of energy flow in the PEH systems are quantitatively investigated. In the previous literature, only the harvested energy was emphasized as a function of the rectified voltage or its corresponding DC load resistance. To be more general, we show that both the harvesting energy and dissipated energy change with the rectified voltage; in addition, these two portions of energy also depend on the ratio between the rectifier voltage drop and the open circuit voltage. Three experiments are carried out with an SSHI device to measure its performances on energy harvesting, energy dissipation, and structural damping. The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical analysis. The functional relations among these branches of energy flow are found.
Combined Application of X-Ray and Neutron Imaging Techniques to Wood Materials

Conservation of Cultural Heritage is extremely important not only from a cultural point of view, but also from a practical one. It is our duty to pass on to future generations the cultural heritage left to us by our ancestors. Wood is one of the most common materials used to generate works of art which are in a state of constant change and/or deterioration. In order to optimize the knowledge of artworks together with their conservation, it is necessary to use the most advanced scientific and technological tools. In the following paper, we will show the results which can be achieved by application of complementary techniques based on the combined use of X-rays and neutrons as structural probes.
Vector Decoupling Control Strategy for Three-Phase Voltage Source PWM Rectifier

In view of the fact that active power and reactive power have coupling relation, a novel vector decoupling control strategy is presented for three-phase voltage source PWM rectifier. In the paper, the power control mathematical mode of the PWM rectifier is deduced based on the mathematical model of rectifier in synchronous d-q rotating coordinates, and a new voltage feed forward decoupling compensation control strategy is proposed. The simulation results show that the voltage and current of the three-phase PWM rectifier have better respond preference, the current aberrance is smaller and the voltage is steady under the control strategy. The PWM rectifier can implement PWM commute with unity power factor, but also feed back the energy to AC side with unity power factor.
Glycemic Index of three Oral Nutritional Supplements in healthy adults: a single-blind crossover study

Background: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the glycemic index (GI) and insulin index (II) of three oral nutritional supplements (ONS) in healthy adults. Methods: A single-blind crossover study was conducted in 12 healthy adults. Fasted subjects consumed one of three treatments at each visit, with a one week wash out period between visits. Every subject received all treatments. Treatments included two newly developed ONS (powder A, powder B) as well as a positive control Nutren ® Diabetes (powder C). Blood glucose and insulin levels at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 mins were measured after the volunteers consumed one of the treatments which all of containing 50g carbohydrates per serving. The Wolever method was used to compute the area under the curve (AUC) for blood glucose and insulin, and GI and II of three powders were obtained. Results: Using the GI and II of 50g glucose powder as reference standard, the GI of nutrition powders A, B and C are 44, 54, 29, respectively, and the II of nutrition powders A, B and C are 163, 182, 119, respectively. Conclusions: Among the two newly developed ONS formulas, powder A is more suitable as an ONS for diabetics.Trial registration: This trial was registered on www.chictr. org.cn as ChiCTR2000031287 on 03/26/2020.
PLACEMENT GRIDS, POROSITY AND RANDOMNESS OF ARMOR LAYERS

Armor porosity and armor unit randomness are much easier to control in small-scale models constructed by hand than in prototype. Differences between design and prototype armor porosities and design and armor unit randomness can generate significant model effects. This paper describes realistic 3D placement tests with cube and Cubipod CAUs, using a small-scale crawler crane and pressure clamps. This research aims to estimate workable armor porosities at prototype scale and to determine the prototype placement grids to obtain the armor porosities commonly tested in laboratories. A new methodology based on laser scanning was developed to measure armor unit randomness. This methodology can be applied to both small-scale models and prototypes. Armor Randomness Indexes (ARIs) are proposed to measure the randomness of cube and Cubipod armor units. The ARI values were higher for Cubipods than for cubes.
Perception and Preference of Students towards E-Learning with regard to Web-based Supplemental Courses

Online Courses have become the new normal in the higher education landscape. With rapid developments in information and communication technology, higher education institutions are turning their focus towards course offerings in the online mode. It is imperative for institutions to understand the perspective of the learners so that they can offer better service. This paper endeavors to highlight the factors that influence the learners who take up online supplemental courses that are offered along with the conventional degree programs. Learners who took up value added courses were contacted for the purpose of understanding their perception with regard to usability, user friendliness, navigation, assessment, feedback, course content, test friendliness etc. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out. Results show that user friendliness and learner engagement were the focal points to promote online learning. Learner satisfaction with regard to CDROM that was given as supplemental learning tool was measured and learners were found to be satisfied with this. Suggestions for offering user friendly and engaging online programs are given. Students who completed the course felt very optimistic about the program compared to those who did not complete.
NASA/American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) Summer Faculty Fellowship Program 1989

Since 1964, NASA has supported a program of summer faculty fellowships for engineering and science educators. The objectives are: to further the professional knowledge of qualified engineering and science faculty; to stimulate and exchange ideas between participants and NASA; to enrich and refresh the research and teachning activities of participants' institutions; and to contribute to the research objectives of the NASA center. College or university faculty members will be appointed as Research Fellows to spend 10 weeks in cooperative research and study at the NASA Langley Research Center. The Fellow will devote approximately 90 percent of the time to a research problem and the remaining time to a study program. The study program will consist of lecture and seminars on topics of interest or that are directly relevant to the Fellows' research topic.
High-power handling, ultra-fast, GRIN lens-coupled photodetectors

The performance of microwave photonic systems can be improved by utilizing high power handling photodetectors. Operation at higher photocurrents enables larger output RF signals to be produced directly by the photodetector. This reduces the requirement of signal amplification by RF amplifiers, thereby simultaneously improving the dynamic range and the noise figure. In optical coherent systems, high power handling photodetectors enable operation at high local oscillator power levels to boost the coherent gain and the detection sensitivity. Thus, techniques to enhance the power handling capability of photodetectors are of interest for both free space and fiber based applications. Photodetector current saturates at high optical power levels due to space-charge screening effect. The saturation effect is maximized where the illumination intensity, and the resulting photocurrent density, is largest. In this work, we focus on optimizing the optical field profile incident on top-illuminated InGaAs photodiodes to minimize the peak photocurrent density. This was achieved by employing graded-index (GRIN) lens coupling to uniformly distribute the optical power across the diode cross-section. We demonstrate 5dB improvement in photodiode's power handling capability and linearity by employing GRIN lens coupling as compared to single mode fiber (SMF) coupling. Our GRIN lens-coupled photodetectors have achieved small-signal 1dB compression current of >50mA and 12.5dBm amplifier-free RF output. These devices also exhibit linear behavior for a peak-to-peak RF pulse output of >2.5V, at ~30ps pulse width. This constitutes a 100% improvement over SMF coupled devices. Further, the GRIN photodiodes demonstrate pulse broadening =0.65ps/mW, as compared to 2ps/mW for SMF devices.
Error probability for detection of M-DPSK signals in slow nonselective Nakagami fading

The authors deal with the detection of M-DPSK signals in slow m-distributed Nakagami fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). A simple formula is derived for the error probability, which allows the evaluation of symbol error rate (SER) and, via numerical integration, an assessment to be made of the performance of digital mobile radio systems. This new derivation comprises some previous results relevant to Rayleigh fading and to binary DPSK in m-distributed fading.
EFFECTS OF PESTICIDE, SOIL, AND RAINFALL CHARACTERISTICS ON POTENTIAL PESTICIDE LOSS BY PERCOLATION-A GLEAMS SIMULATION

ABSTRACT Potential pesticide loss in soil percolate is influenced by pesticide persistence and sorption by soil constituents (organic matter). Pesticide persistence, expressed as half-life (ti/2), changes with soil depth as microbial activity and soil properties change. Little is known, however, how these changes influence potential pesticide transport out of the root zone. Objectives of this study were to investigate relative differences in potential pesticide losses from the root zone by percolation due to 1) different soil surface and subsurface textures and pesticide ti/2» and 2) interactions between pesticide ti/2 and timing of rainfall after pesticide application. The GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) model and a 50-year historical rainfall record at Tifton, Georgia, were used to simulate pesticide losses by percolation from three soils ranging in surface texture from sand to sandy clay loam. Hypothetical pesticides had surface ti/2 of 5, 15, 30, and 60 d and a range of subsurface ti/2 (2.5-360 d), and were applied to continuous com {Zea maize, L. ) at 2 kg ha~ ^ as surface spray at planting each year on 1 April. Simulated pesticide losses by percolation increased with increased surface and subsuiface t|/2» and decreased with increased KQC (adsorption constant based on soil organic matter) values. Potential pesticide leaching was greatest for Lakeland sand and least for Greenville sandy clay loam. Rainfall timing affected simulated pesticide loss by percolation, especially for nonpersistent pesticides. For short pesticide ti/2 (0-5 d), excessive rainfall events within 1 ti/2 were largely responsible for simulated pesticide loss by percolation. Results indicate that changes in pesticide t|/2 in surface and subsurface horizons of different soils influence potential pesticide leaching from the root zone, and models (i.e., GLEAMS) can be used to provide comparative analysis of soil-pesticide-climate interactions. For example, depending on soil type and pesticide K^^ and surface Xyp^ values, potential leaching losses increased two to seven times as subsurface tiy2 increased six times.
3-D Image Measurement System for Small Machine Parts With Glossy Metal Surfaces

Keeping core parts of machines in proper condition is essential to improving productivity and quality of products. Metallic wear of knitting needles for circular knitting machines should be controlled within specific conditions. Currently, inspections of them are visually performed by skilled examiners, and automated inspection systems, which can measure 3-D shapes, are demanded. Because the needles have mirror glossed, complexly shaped surfaces, conventional lighting method, such as dome lights and diffuse on-axis lights, cannot irradiate the light evenly throughout the object and causes brightness unevenness, and that leads to 3-D measurement errors in image processors. To increase accuracy, we propose a new 3-D measurement system which equips omnidirectional EL (electroluminescence) lightings and DEHF (Dynamic Enhancement of High Frequency) method. Here, the system applies the shape from focus method, which moves the optical system vertically with respect to the fixed object and obtains a sequence of images that correspond to different levels of object focus. In the formation process of shallow depth of field microscopic images, a defocused imaging system plays the role of a low-pass filter. For this reason, the regions with high frequency components can be regarded as a focused area. The high frequency components are finally regarded as the contour of the object by the method. It recovers the 3-D shape of the object by estimation of height of the contours each image and arranging in the original order of the sequence of the height of the contours. The followings are novelties of our proposed system.Firstly, omnidirectional EL lightings irradiate an object with uniform lights from all directions. They are composed of the following lights: coaxial through objective lens, object lens perimeter, side and bottom lights, and each of which can adjust brightness; therefore they can reduce unevenness of brightness on the object. We adopted inorganic EL sheet as the lighting device. EL sheet is capable of plane emission and prevent the occurrence of the unevenness of the irradiated light by the point source of light.Secondly, algorithm for shape from focus can be improved by our DEHF method. Even if the above lightings are applied, there still remains low frequency non-uniformity of brightness. DEFH method removes the low frequency by subtracting mean filtered image from original one, and remaining high frequency content can be emphasized.We built a microscope based prototype system and conducted experiments. Through them, the validity of our proposed method was confirmed.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Direct-drive permanent magnet generators for high-power wind turbines: benefits and limiting factors

Wind turbines are getting larger. Their rated power capacities are moving from the 3 MW range to 6 MW and beyond. As a result, their size and mass, which grow rapidly with power capacity, is becoming a problem in terms of capital cost, logistics and assembly. Moreover, there is a move to offshore installations. Offshore wind turbines demand higher reliability, encouraging wind turbine manufacturers to integrate into their new designs inherently more reliable direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generators. However, today's high-power direct-drive generators are massive units that will need to become smaller to minimise costs. Here, the authors review the technological and economic benefits and limitations of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (DD-PMSGs). The authors examine the benefits and the physical and economic limitations of DD-PMSGs and consider their appropriateness as a key piece in the overall wind turbine system design. The authors look at why these generators are so big and propose a change that can lead to a more compact, more economical wind turbine nacelle.
EXAMPLES OF SILICON BASED MICROSYSTEMS

There is already a strong demand to use many of such microsystems in future's industrial products: The product range can be very wide and diversified. It includes automation, process and manufacturing technologies, medical engineering, environmental control, consumer and communication technologies, transportation and aerospace industries. Examples will be given of some recent developments of microsystems at the Institute of Microtechnology of the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland.
Electromagnetic wave propagation in anisotropic metamaterials created by a set of periodic inductor-capacitor circuit networks

We propose a complete set of periodic circuit networks which can realize electromagnetic wave propagation in different two-dimensional (2D) isotropic and anisotropic metamaterials (AMMs). We synthesize the periodic circuits with unit cells of series capacitor or inductor in orthogonal directions, together with either capacitor or inductor shunted to ground. The dispersion relations of the periodic circuits are derived by applying Bloch boundary conditions to the unit cell, which show either elliptic or hyperbolic dispersion surface in phase space. The effective constitutive parameters are obtained by choosing different types and values of the impedance elements in the unit cell. The validity of the circuit models is proved by showing examples that the anisotropic $L\text{\ensuremath{-}}C$ circuits could exhibit the wave propagation characteristics of two 2D AMMs with different cutoff properties, called never-cutoff or anti-cutoff medium. We construct interfaces between isotropic normal medium and AMMs with properly designed $L\text{\ensuremath{-}}C$ circuits and analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation using microwave circuit simulations. We demonstrate extraordinary electromagnetic wave reflection and refraction phenomena including negative refraction, total reflection with reversion of the critical angle and anomalous Brewster effect that have good agreements with the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, we show that the $L\text{\ensuremath{-}}C$ circuit models of AMMs could lead to different approach of actual implementation of 2D AMMs through capacitance loaded transmission line metamaterials. The simulation on actual microstrip line structure demonstrates similar wave propagation phenomena of AMMs, and the losses in the structure only affect the magnitude of the propagating energy.