Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonarthritic Hip Pathology Patterns According to Sex, Femoroacetabular Impingement Morphology, and Generalized Ligamentous Laxity

Background: Sex differences are frequently encountered when diagnosing orthopaedic problems. Current literature suggests specific sex differences, such as a higher prevalence of cam-type femoroacetabular impingement syndrome in male patients and features of hip instability in female patients. Purpose: To identify hip pathology patterns according to sex, alpha angle deformity, and generalized ligamentous laxity (GLL) in a nonarthritic patient population that underwent primary hip arthroscopy in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome and labral tears. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent primary hip arthroscopy between February 2008 and February 2017 were included and separated into male and female groups for initial analysis. Patients were excluded if they had Tönnis osteoarthritis grade >1, previous ipsilateral hip surgery, or previous hip conditions. The demographics, radiographic findings, intraoperative findings, and surgical procedures were then analyzed and compared. Subanalyses were performed for both groups. A threshold of 1 SD above the mean alpha angle in the male group was used to create 2 subgroups. For female patients, GLL based on a Beighton score ≥4 was used to divide the group. Intraoperative findings were compared for both subanalyses. Results: A total of 2701 hips met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of those, 994 hips were in the male group and 1707 in the female group. The mean ± SD age was 36.6 ± 13.8 and 37.1 ± 15.0 years for the male and female groups, respectively(P = .6288). The average body mass index was significantly higher in the male group (P < .0001). GLL was more common in women (38.6%) than men (13.6%) (P < .001). The male group had a higher proportion of acetabular Outerbridge grade 3 (21.8%) and 4 (19.2%) lesions when compared with the female group (9.3% and 6.3%, respectively) (P < .0001). Men in the subgroup with an alpha angle ≥78° reported higher rates of acetabular Outerbridge grade 4 damage than men with an alpha angle <78° (P < .001). Mean lateral center-edge angle was lower in the female subgroup with Beighton score ≥4 vs <4 (23.7°± 4.2° vs 31.3°± 5.8°; P < .0001). Conclusion: In this analysis of a large cohort of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy, 2 patterns of hip pathologies were related to sex. On average, male patients had larger alpha angles and increased acetabular chondral damage when compared with their female counterparts. Furthermore, a larger cam-type anatomy was associated with more severe acetabular chondral damage in men. In the female group, the incidence of features of hip instability such as GLL were significantly higher than in the male group.
The toxic contaminants of Aspalathus linearis plant material as well as herb–drug interactions may constitute the health risk factors in daily rooibos tea consumers

ABSTRACT Rooibos tea is brewed using Aspalathus linearis plant material sensitive to environmental contamination. This review covers the safety data from preclinical experiments as well as human studies and delivers a report on its hepatic activity. In vitro tea investigation reveals antioxidative and anti-mutagenic features and ability to modulate microsomal enzymes. In rodent research, it exerts protective or neutral impact on liver functions and morphology, yet several human case reports suggest possible acute hepatic damage. Summarizing rooibos consumption seems to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity; however, there may be designated a group of consumers with higher risk of liver irritation. The contamination of plant material may contribute to herb-induced liver injury. Due to the impact on CYPs, there is a possible risk of herb–drug interactions affecting bioavailability of some co-administered medicines. Caution should be exercised in patients receiving the treatment with allopathic medicines to avoid untoward alteration of drug plasma concentration.
Semiglobal Robust Consensus of General Linear MASs Subject to Input Saturation and Additive Perturbations

This article considers the robust consensus problem of the general linear multiagent system (MAS) subject to both heterogeneous additive stable disturbances and input saturation. Distributed low gain feedback-based dynamic output feedback control protocols are proposed, which do not need the controller interaction. Algebraic Riccati equation and unified $H_{\infty }$ controller design method are employed to design the output feedback control protocols. It is established that under the assumption that each agent is asymptotically null controllable with bounded controls, semiglobal robust consensus can always be reached under the proposed controller. Furthermore, the design method specialized for leader-following consensus is addressed, under the assumption that the Laplacian matrix is diagonalizable, one can design the control protocol only with the number of follower agents. Finally, several simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of our results.
A Comparative View on Molecular Alterations and Potential Therapeutic Strategies for Canine Oral Melanoma

Canine oral melanoma (COM) is a highly aggressive tumour associated with poor prognosis due to metastasis and resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. As with human mucosal melanoma, the mutational landscape is predominated by copy number aberrations and chromosomal structural variants, but differences in study cohorts and/or tumour heterogeneity can lead to discordant results regarding the nature of specific genes affected. This review discusses somatic molecular alterations in COM that result from single nucleotide variations, copy number changes, chromosomal rearrangements, and/or dysregulation of small non-coding RNAs. A cross-species comparison highlights notable recurrent aberrations, and functionally grouping dysregulated proteins reveals unifying biological pathways that may be critical for oncogenesis and metastasis. Finally, potential therapeutic strategies are considered to target these pathways in canine patients, and the benefits of collaboration between science, medical, and veterinary communities are emphasised.
Parallel multiplexing and demodulation of fiber optic strain gauges

The use of fiber-optic strain gauges in realistic smart structures applications is contingent on the availability of a number of sensors embedded or adhered to the structure at a cost comparable to that of existing on-board diagnostic sensor systems. The most effective way of implementing such a sensor topology is to share the most expensive components of the system among many sensors. A cost-intensive component in a fiber-optic strain gauge system is the laser diode and its associated drive electronics. Parallel multiplexing allows many gauges to share a common source. Design and performance issues related to parallel multiplexed fiber Fabry-Perot strain gauge systems are discussed. A commercial four-channel parallel multiplexed strain gauge system is described.
A Review of Fluid-Driven Pipeline Pigs and their Applications

Abstract Pigs are devices that, propelled by fluid flow, travel through pipelines in order to remove deposits, displace product, and inspect or maintain the line. Although first developed for use in the hydrocarbon industries, pigs have been adopted by many fluid handling and process industries. The growing desire for shorter batch runs and increased flexibility of plant as well as demands for greater efficiency and reduced waste have renewed interest in pigging systems within these industries. This paper provides some background to pigs and explains why pigging systems are used as well as why they are not. A review is made of the different types of pigs, their functions, and features. The most common types of pigs are considered as well as some of the specialist pigs that have been designed for specific tasks. Also, the more recent development of non-solid pigs is covered; these include gel pigs for use in the hydrocarbon industries and ice pigs for use in the fluid products and process industries.
Parameters of contextual infill design: style, matching, diversity, distance, responses

The objective of this study was to obtain empirical data on how well various contextual urban design principles work and thus assist in formulating evidence‐based planning. This paper reports findings from three studies, covering 51 environments and 164 participants, on how strongly these factors were related to visual appeal of a whole block of houses: (a) individual style of an infill house; (b) number of matches between an infill house and the houses in their contexts; (c) the diversity of the existing context; (d) proximity of an infill house to other houses; and (e) compatibility of the infill house with respect to the houses in their contexts. The strongest effect was found for the individual style of a new building, followed by the equivalence of judgments of compatibility and visual appeal, by the number of other houses the infill house matched, by existing visual diversity, and by distance. Policy guidance is provided for effects sufficiently strong to support evidence‐based decision making and withheld for effects for which the scientific support is currently insufficient.
The soil ionization gradient associated with discharge of high currents into concentrated electrodes

It has been known for many years that the grounding resistance of a concentrated electrode drops when it is subjected to a high current charge. This helps reduce the ground potential rise. The degree of the resistance depends on the magnitude of the ionization gradient of the soil E/sub o/. Based on both a theoretical analysis and a critical review of the large number of available measurements, this paper recommends that E/sub o/ be taken equal to 300 kV/m for typical soils. This is significantly less than the 1000 kV/m value used by some authors. Graphs are also given describing the behaviour of the rod electrodes which are used in many field installations. >
Can stratification biomarkers address the heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder?

Abstract The search for biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (henceforth autism) has received a lot of attention due to their potential clinical relevance. The clinical and aetiological heterogeneity of autism suggests the presence of subgroups. The lack of identification of a valid diagnostic biomarker for autism, and the inconsistencies seen in studies assessing differences between autism and typically developing control groups, may be partially explained by the vast heterogeneity observed in autism. The focus now is to better understand the clinical and biological heterogeneity and identify stratification biomarkers, which are measures that describe subgroups of individuals with shared biology. Using stratification approaches to assess treatment within pre-defined subgroups could clarify who may benefit from different treatments and therapies, and ultimately lead to more effective individualised treatment plans.
Predicting the Number of Suicides in Japan Using Internet Search Queries: Vector Autoregression Time Series Model

Background The number of suicides in Japan increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Predicting the number of suicides is important to take timely preventive measures. Objective This study aims to clarify whether the number of suicides can be predicted by suicide-related search queries used before searching for the keyword “suicide. ” Methods This study uses the infoveillance approach for suicide in Japan by search trends in search engines. The monthly number of suicides by gender, collected and published by the National Police Agency, was used as an outcome variable. The number of searches by gender with queries associated with “suicide” on “Yahoo! JAPAN Search” from January 2016 to December 2020 was used as a predictive variable. The following five phrases highly relevant to suicide were used as search terms before searching for the keyword “suicide” and extracted and used for analyses: “abuse”; “work, don’t want to go”; “company, want to quit”; “divorce”; and “no money. ” The augmented Dickey-Fuller and Johansen tests were performed for the original series and to verify the existence of unit roots and cointegration for each variable, respectively. The vector autoregression model was applied to predict the number of suicides. The Breusch-Godfrey Lagrangian multiplier (BG-LM) test, autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity Lagrangian multiplier (ARCH-LM) test, and Jarque-Bera (JB) test were used to confirm model convergence. In addition, a Granger causality test was performed for each predictive variable. Results In the original series, unit roots were found in the trend model, whereas in the first-order difference series, both men (minimum tau 3: −9.24; max tau 3: −5.38) and women (minimum tau 3: −9.24; max tau 3: −5.38) had no unit roots for all variables. In the Johansen test, a cointegration relationship was observed among several variables. The queries used in the converged models were “divorce” for men (BG-LM test: P=.55; ARCH-LM test: P=.63; JB test: P=.66) and “no money” for women (BG-LM test: P=.17; ARCH-LM test: P=.15; JB test: P=.10). In the Granger causality test for each variable, “divorce” was significant for both men (F104=3.29; P=.04) and women (F104=3.23; P=.04). Conclusions The number of suicides can be predicted by search queries related to the keyword “suicide. ” Previous studies have reported that financial poverty and divorce are associated with suicide. The results of this study, in which search queries on “no money” and “divorce” predicted suicide, support the findings of previous studies. Further research on the economic poverty of women and those with complex problems is necessary.
A 37 kb region upstream of brachyury comprising a notochord enhancer is essential for notochord and tail development

ABSTRACT The node-streak border region comprising notochord progenitor cells (NPCs) at the posterior node and neuro-mesodermal progenitor cells (NMPs) in the adjacent epiblast is the prime organizing center for axial elongation in mouse embryos. The T-box transcription factor brachyury (T) is essential for both formation of the notochord and maintenance of NMPs, and thus is a key regulator of trunk and tail development. The T promoter controlling T expression in NMPs and nascent mesoderm has been characterized in detail; however, control elements for T expression in the notochord have not been identified yet. We have generated a series of deletion alleles by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in mESCs, and analyzed their effects in mutant mouse embryos. We identified a 37 kb region upstream of T that is essential for notochord function and tailbud outgrowth. Within that region, we discovered a T-binding enhancer required for notochord cell specification and differentiation. Our data reveal a complex regulatory landscape controlling cell type-specific expression and function of T in NMP/nascent mesoderm and node/notochord, allowing proper trunk and tail development.
A new high-efficiency optical-microwave mixing approach

High sensitivity reception is a crucial problem of fiber radio links. A significant improvement is obtained by applying a new approach called optical-microwave double mixing. The new approach can provide as much as 30 dB of higher mixing product in a narrow-band compared with the direct detection applying only additional passive components. Detailed investigation of the optical-microwave double-mixing method is shown to get optimum adjustment for specific applications. The new method is advantageously used for the reception of subcarrier-multiplexed optical signals.
Tracing the origins of extracellular DNA in bacterial biofilms: story of death and predation to community benefit

Abstract Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a macromolecule copiously found in various natural microenvironments, but its origin and significance still remain partly mysterious phenomena. Here, the multifaceted origins of eDNA in bacterial biofilms are explored. The release of eDNA can follow a suicidal programmed bacterial apoptosis or a fratricide-induced death, under the control of quorum sensing systems or triggered by specific stressors. eDNA can be released into the extracellular space or as a free macromolecule or enclosed within membrane vesicles or even through an explosion of bubbles. eDNA can also be derived from host tissue cells through bacterial cytolytic/proapoptotic toxins or stolen from neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). eDNA can alternatively be produced by lysis-independent mechanisms. Sub-inhibitory doses of antibiotics, by killing a fraction of bacteria, result in stimulating the release of eDNA. Even phages appear to play a role in favoring eDNA release. Unveiling the origins of eDNA is critical to correctly address biofilm-associated infections.
A novel method for obtaining virtual inertial response of DFIG‐based wind turbines

This paper investigates virtual inertia control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines to provide dynamic frequency support in the event of sudden power change. The relationships among DFIGs’ virtual inertia, rotor speed and network frequency variation are analysed, and a novel virtual inertia control strategy is proposed. The proposed control strategy shifts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) curve to the virtual inertia control curves according to the frequency deviation so as to release the ‘hidden’ kinetic energy and provide dynamic frequency support to the grid. The calculation of the virtual inertia and its control curves are also presented. Compared with a PD regulator-based inertial controller, the proposed virtual inertia control scheme not only provides fast inertial response in the event of sudden power change but also achieves a smoother recovery to the MPPT operation. A four-machine system with 30% of wind penetration is simulated to validate the proposed control strategy. Simulation results show that DFIG-based wind farms can provide rapid response to the frequency deviation using the proposed control strategy. Therefore, the dynamic frequency response of the power grid with high wind power penetration can be significantly improved. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lifespan and telomere length variation across populations of wild‐derived African killifish

Telomeres and telomerase prevent the continuous erosion of chromosome‐ends caused by lifelong cell division. Shortened telomeres are associated with age‐related pathologies. While short telomere length is positively correlated with increased lethality at the individual level, in comparisons across species short telomeres are associated with long (and not short) lifespans. Here, we tested this contradiction between individual and evolutionary patterns in telomere length using African annual killifish. We analysed lifespan and telomere length in a set of captive strains derived from well‐defined wild populations of Nothobranchius furzeri and its sister species, N. kadleci, from sites along a strong gradient of aridity which ultimately determines maximum natural lifespan. Overall, males were shorter‐lived than females, and also had shorter telomeres. Male lifespan (measured in controlled laboratory conditions) was positively associated with the amount of annual rainfall in the site of strain origin. However, fish from wetter climates had shorter telomeres. In addition, individual fish which grew largest over the juvenile period possessed shorter telomeres at the onset of adulthood. This demonstrates that individual condition and environmentally‐driven selection indeed modulate the relationship between telomere length and lifespan in opposite directions, validating the existence of inverse trends within a single taxon. Intraindividual heterogeneity of telomere length (capable to detect very short telomeres) was not associated with mean telomere length, suggesting that the shortest telomeres are controlled by regulatory pathways other than those that determine mean telomere length. The substantial variation in telomere length between strains from different environments identifies killifish as a powerful system in understanding the adaptive value of telomere length.
Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation-based titration reduces propofol consumption and incidence of hypotension during general anesthesia induction: A randomized controlled trial

Administration of a single propofol bolus dose for anesthesia induction causes hypotension. We included 160 patients (74 males and 86 females; mean age, 42.4 ± 10.7 [range: 18–60] years) with the American Society of Anesthesiologists status I–II undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Using simple randomization, the patients were divided into a conventional group (n = 80; received 2 mg/kg propofol at a rate of 250 mg/min) and titrated group (n = 80; received propofol at a rate of 1 mg/kg/min until the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale score reached 1 point). Fentanyl (4 µg/kg) and cisatracurium (0.2 mg/kg) were administered, as appropriate. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded at different time points. Propofol consumption, hypotension, and other adverse events were recorded. All the patients were intubated without awareness. Compared with the conventional group, the titrated group showed more stable blood pressure (p < 0.05), as well as a lower decrease in systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure at 1 and 3 min, and diastolic blood pressure at 1 min after propofol administration (p < 0.01). Moreover, compared with the conventional group, the titrated group showed a lower post-intubation hypotension incidence (9 vs. 19 cases; p = 0.04), as well as lower total propofol dosage and propofol dose per kilogram of body weight (93.57 ± 14.40 mg vs. 116.80 ± 22.37 mg and 1.73 ± 0.27 mg/kg vs. 2.02 ± 0.08 mg/kg, respectively, p < 0.01). Compared with conventional propofol usage, titrated propofol administration can reduce the incidence of hypotension and propofol consumption during anesthesia induction.
Structural and microstructural analysis of spin-coated PVDF thin films

Abstract In present work, semi-crystalline polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films of 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% PVDF solution is deposited on the glass substrate by spin coating technique at 500, 1000, and 1500 rpm speed. For deposition of the film, the polymeric solution is prepared by dissolving PVDF powder in the polar solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide solvent. The effect of different PVDF content and spin coating speed on the microstructural evolutions in the produced film is investigated by using FE-SEM, AFM, and FTIR spectrometer. The optical properties of the film are also investigated by the UV-vis spectrometer.
Comparative Study on the protocols used by autonomous car,DSRC, C-V2X, 5G

The autonomous car has been in the headlines for a decade and still continues to dominate auto headlines The autonomous car has attracted the researchers, robotics communities and the automobile industries, an autonomous car is a vehicle capable of detecting its environment and driving without human intervention, A human passenger is not required to take control of the vehicle at all times, nor is a human passenger to be present at all in the vehicle, the autonomous car can go wherever a traditional car goes and do whatever a experienced human driver made, the development of autonomous vehicles requires communication between cars and infrastructure, this communication is based on protocols allowing the exchange of information we can cite the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) protocol, Cellular V2X technology (C-V2X) LTE-V2X and 5G which presents the next generation of communication allowing the exchange of very large volumes of data also participating in the development of the autonomous car ,the paper presents a comparative study of the different protocols used by the autonomous car.