Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lifetime Attributable Breast Cancer Risk Related to Lung CT Scan in Women with Covid19

Abstract Purpose: Organ, effective dose, and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of breast cancer incidence related to lung Computed Tomography (CT) scans were evaluated. Seven hundred thirty-five female patients (20-50 years old) with Coronavirus (COVID-19) in four medical imaging centers in Tehran, Iran, were surveyed. Patients’ data, including age, sex, and exposure information (Kilovoltage (KVp), milliampere-second (mAs), pitch factor, Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol), and Dose Length Product (DLP)) were extracted from dose report pages in picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into six age groups of 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35–40, 40-45, and 45–50 years. Breast, thyroid, lung, and heart absorbed doses, and also effective doses, were calculated by National Cancer Institute (NCICT) software, and LAR of breast cancer incidence has been evaluated by the Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) VII in phase 2 report. Results: The average doses of breast, thyroid, lung, the heart were 3.97, 4.75, 4.10, and 3.37 mGy, respectively. Also, the average effective dose was 2.56 mSv. The average LAR of breast cancer in female patients was 7.45 per 100,000 exposures, decreasing dramatically with age. It was clear that exposure parameters and organ absorbed dose were significantly different between medical imaging centers (P value<0.05). Conclusion: Although the CT scan is a useful instrument in the diagnosis of Corona disease, it should be suggested with caution due to the increased risk of breast cancer, especially in younger women and pediatrics. Also, low-dose CT scan protocols are recommended to minimize radiation effective and absorbed doses.
Amide/Amino-Based Functional Additives for Lubricants: Structure, Antimicrobial Activity and Wear Resistance

The lubricating properties of the lubricants were tested under boundary friction conditions; it was found that the surface-active additives had reduced the wear mark and thus the value of the Goz/40 parameter (limiting load of wear). The introduction of a surfactant containing amide compounds into the oils and greases was highly effective in slowing down the oxidation process. Lubricants containing mono–15 ([3-(N,N,N-dimethylbuthylamine)propyl]hexadecanamide chloride) and 15–4–15 (tetramethylene-bis [3-(N,N,N-dimethylamine)propyl]hexadecanamide) additives were characterised by higher oxidation stability compared to the unmodified lubricants. Both of the analysed substances showed bactericidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritica. Tests of antibacterial activity in the lubricants with the addition of mono–15 and 15–4–15 confirmed that these lubricants can be considered bactericidal against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Machine learning for text document classification-efficient classification approach

Numerous alternative methods for text classification have been created because of the increase in the amount of online text information available. The cosine similarity classifier is the most extensively utilized simple and efficient approach. It improves text classification performance. It is combined with estimated values provided by conventional classifiers such as Multinomial Naive Bayesian (MNB). Consequently, combining the similarity between a test document and a category with the estimated value for the category enhances the performance of the classifier. This approach provides a text document categorization method that is both efficient and effective. In addition, methods for determining the proper relationship between a set of words in a document and its document categorization is also obtained.
Specialization and Marine Based Environmental Behaviors Among SCUBA Divers

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between recreation specialization and marine based environmental behaviors among SCUBA divers. Additionally, the study compared relationships with various types of environmental behaviors employing an overall multiple-item index and individual dimensions of recreation specialization (behavioral, cognitive and affective). Data (n = 370) were collected (May-September 2002) in the St. Petersburg/Sarasota region of southwest Florida, USA. Measures of environmental behaviors (16 items) and recreation specialization (17 items) were adapted from the literature. This study identified a positive association between the level of specialization and marine based environmental behaviors; as specialization in SCUBA diving increased, environmentally responsible behaviors also increased. In addition, individual specialization dimensions revealed more explanatory detail for the three distinct behavioral dimensions. Implications for further research and marine resource management are discussed.
Root distribution pattern in two age groups of litchiplants growing under Alfisols of Eastern plateau andhill region of India

The investigations were carried out at ICAR RCER, Research Centre, Plandu, Ranchi, Jharkhand during 2011 and 2012 to study the pattern of root distribution in Young bearing (age 8-10 years) and Senior-adult bearing plants (age >25 years) of litchi cv. Shahi growing under alfisols of eastern plateau and hill region. Core sampling technique was followed for collecting roots from different depths of soil (0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-90 cm) at distances from trunk at 50 cm intervals (50 to 450 cm from trunk in of senior adult bearing plants and 50-300 cm in young bearing plants) in both North and South directions. Data were recorded on weights of different grades of roots Grade-1 (diameter <1mm), Grade-2 (diameter 1-3 mm), Grade-3 (diameter 3-5 mm), Grade-4 (diameter >5mm). In both the types of plants, the total root weight in south aspect was higher than that in north aspect of tree. The investigations clearly indicated presence of higher amount of finer roots at a distance between 250-350 cm from the trunk in case of senior adult bearing trees and at a distance of 250-300 cm from the trunk in case of young bearing trees.
Natural background levels of chemical components in groundwater of Hutuo River catchment area, North China Plain

ABSTRACT Natural background levels (NBLs) are commonly used to serve as references when assessing the contamination status of groundwater units. In this study, a methodology based on hydrogeochemistry and statistics was proposed to derive NBLs. A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of groundwater chemistry was acquired and the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors was analyzed based on a total of 93 groundwater samples. The hydrogeochemical plots and the Pau Ta criterion were applied to define the anomalies of the monitoring data by calculating the corresponding Mahalanobis distance. The NBLs were defined for the remaining groundwater samples of the three aquifers after excluding the anomalies with certain percentiles such as median and 90% percentile by means of cumulative frequency plots. Analysis of the hydrochemical data shows that for the aquifers studied, rock weathering dominates the evolution of groundwater chemistry in conjunction with cation exchange, and the dissolution of calcite and silicate weathering are responsible for the major chemical constituents of the groundwater. The NBLs established in the present study showed a difference in groundwater among three aquifers due to the distinct geological conditions. The background of nitrate in the groundwater of the unconfined aquifer was acquired according to the cumulative frequency plot. Deeper insight into the geochemical evolution of groundwater and the establishment of NBLs can be beneficial to improve groundwater management for sustainable development in rapidly urbanizing areas.
Evaluate College Students’ Knowledge, Towards Smoking Effect on Diabetes Consequences

Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for many other diseases, this study aimed to evaluate student’s awareness in relation to smoking consequences on diabetes. This is a cross-sectional study involved students who attended al-Safwa university college in Karbala, Iraq. Data were collected within one month (February 2018). The collected data were analysed using the SPSS (version 18.0) software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Pearson chi-square test were used to find the association between participants smoking status and their knowledge to its consequences on their health. Seventy-five participants enrolled in the study, their mean age was (22±2.2 years); and their BMI was (24±3.8 kg/m2). Around 50% of them were smokers; they smoked around 12±16.5 cigarette/day. more than two thirds of the participants were males (69.3%). Participants were either students in the pharmacy department or dentistry department of the college. More than two thirds of them didn’t know whether smoking had bad impact on diabetic people or no. However, almost an equal proportion of them believe that smoking can worsen heart disease (range 69%-78% of participants). On the other hand, Pearson chi-square shows a non-significant association (p>0.05) between participant smoking status and their knowledge to its consequences on their health. Knowledge regarding smoking bad effect can increase quitting rates; nerveless if it was combined with counseling it would have double effect. This was one of few studies that investigate college student’s knowledge in Iraq, it lightens the way for future researches to be done.
Topographic mapping of oxygen extraction and cerebral venous blood volume fraction in Brain tumors using quantitative BOLD: A case report

Background: While oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) reflects the underlying variations in cerebral brain oxygen metabolism, tissue voxels having elevated volume fraction of blood vessel network with deoxygenated blood, will apparently contribute to higher cerebral venous blood volume fraction (CVBVF). This Case report examines the difference in intra and peri-tumoral topographical patterns of OEF and CVBVF in cases of a meningioma tumor (Case-I) and a low- grade glioma (Case-II). Methods: Using a “static dephasing regime” BOLD model, we use the BOLD signal model containing parameters representing OEF and CVBVF. For each voxel in the region of interest, the parameters are solved by non-linearly fitting the signal model using paired differences between logarithms of the measured echo signal after inhomogeneity correction. Results: OEF and CVBVF maps in Case-I reveals an interesting phenomenon in the peritumoral parenchyma showing reduced OEF and increased CVBVF levels. The uniformly low CVBVF and elevated OEF in Case-II indicates that even with less density of vasculature, the region extracts higher amount of oxygen. Conclusion: While topographic mapping using qBOLD revealed elevated levels of intra-tumoral OEF for both cases, the pattern of CVBVF variation was uniformly low in Case-II.
Central Lines and Their Complications in Neonates: A Case Report and Literature Review

Central lines are essential devices in NICUs, used primarily in preterm neonates and critically ill term neonates. They are typically divided into non-tunnelled, tunnelled and totally implanted. In light of the increasing use of central lines in the NICU setting, monitoring of the risk factors associated with complications has to be an important part of neonatal care quality management. Presented here is a case of a preterm neonate with cardiac tamponade caused by UVC tip migration. Among complications of central lines are CLABSI, with an incidence of 3 to 21 per 1000 catheter days, and portal vein thrombosis, which is common but probably under-recognised, whereas other mechanical complications such as pericardial and pleural effusions are rare, with an incidence of less than 1%. Complications can cause injury to the neonates, as well as increase the costs of health services because of increases in the length of stay in the NICU. It is recommended that the catheter tip location is confirmed either by X-ray or ultrasonography. In order to minimise the risk of CLABSI, the use of bundles is recommended. Certain recommendations need to be followed when using different types of catheters. Future research is aimed at novel ways of central line securement to minimise mechanical complications and the use of antimicrobial catheters to reduce the rate of CLABSI.
Three Types of Demyelination, Perivenous, Confluent, and Perineuronal Nets-Rich in a COVID-19 Patient With Meningoencephalomyelitis

Neurologic symptoms are common in COVID-19, and a variety of neuropathological changes have been reported. One of the important neuropathological findings is demyelination. However, the underlying pathogenesis of demyelination remained poorly understood. We witnessed a case of COVID-19 with distinct types of demyelination in the cerebrum, medulla oblongata, and spinal canal, who died of sepsis. The postmortem examination showed the solitary massive demyelination in the medulla oblongata. The massive lesion was filled with components of perineuronal nets. In the spinal canal, confluent demyelination in bilateral lateral and dorsal funiculi was detected over the entire length from C1 to S5, which was maximum at the level of cervical spinal canal stenosis. Demyelination in the cerebrum was mainly perivenular, and augmented in the area of lacunar infarcts and dilated perivascular spaces. Considering the distribution patterns of the following three types of demyelination, the traces of viral spreading could be highlighted. Discontinuous perivenous demyelination in the cerebrum showed the result of hematogenous spreading. Longitudinal confluent demyelination of the spinal cord should be the picturesque of the trace of axonal spreading. The distribution of demyelination was possibly modified by the underlying diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and spinal canal stenosis.
Application of next-generation sequencing technology to precision medicine in cancer: joint consensus of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology is capable of sequencing millions or billions of DNA molecules simultaneously. Therefore, it represents a promising tool for the analysis of molecular targets for the initial diagnosis of disease, monitoring of disease progression, and identifying the mechanism of drug resistance. On behalf of the Tumor Biomarker Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) and the China Actionable Genome Consortium (CAGC), the present expert group hereby proposes advisory guidelines on clinical applications of NGS technology for the analysis of cancer driver genes for precision cancer therapy. This group comprises an assembly of laboratory cancer geneticists, clinical oncologists, bioinformaticians, pathologists, and other professionals. After multiple rounds of discussions and revisions, the expert group has reached a preliminary consensus on the need of NGS in clinical diagnosis, its regulation, and compliance standards in clinical sample collection. Moreover, it has prepared NGS criteria, the sequencing standard operation procedure (SOP), data analysis, report, and NGS platform certification and validation.
Lumbar Epidural Hematoma as a Rare Complication From Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common and debilitating pathology globally. Conservative and surgical treatment options exist for patients. Recently, minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MILD) has been described as a less invasive technique for the treatment of early spinal stenosis ≥2.5mm ligamentum thickening or in patients at high risk for general anesthesia. Often, MILD is performed by interventional pain providers and shows low complication rates. We describe a 76-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department immediately after undergoing a MILD procedure at an outside surgery center with lower back/sacral pain resulting from an acute epidural hematoma extending from T12-L3. Early recognition and surgical evacuation resulted in a good outcome with no complications. Our goal is to increase awareness of this rare complication and encourage multidisciplinary approaches to managing LSS between spine surgeons and pain providers.
CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HISTORY

: This study investigates classroom variables and learning outcome amongst undergraduate students of education in Rivers State Universities. Descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. Four research questions were formulated to guide the conduct of this study. Also, four corresponding null hypotheses were tested in the study. The population of the study comprised of all the 2016-2020 undergraduate students of education in Rivers State Universities estimated to be 24,781. Krejcie and Morgan (1970) statistical table was applied to select the sample of 261 public undergraduate students of education. A self-designed instrument titled: Classroom Variables Questionnaire and Learning Outcome Questionnaire”. Were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson’s Moment Product Correlations answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses. The results of the analysis of the hypotheses were tested for statistical significance at 0.05 alpha level. The findings of the study are: (1) Class size influences learning outcome among undergraduate student of education in Rivers State Universities. (2) There is a significant difference in the mean rating of male and female students on the influence of teacher-student relationship on learning outcome among undergraduate students of education in Rivers State Universities. (3) Teacher instructional delivery strategy influences learning outcome among undergraduate student of education in Rivers State Universities.
possi-Endoscopic intermuscular dissection for deep submucosal invasive cancer in the rectum. Is this the dawn of the endoscopic cancer surgeon?

was successful in 96% of cases, with an R0 resection achieved in 81 % of the resections. Overall, 45% of cases lacked any high risk features and were considered to be curative resections. Only minor adverse events were encountered. This study opens up many questions. It challenges the paradigm that Sm2 and Sm3 disease is not endoscopically curable and suggests a new way of approaching suspected early invasive disease. The authors raise the suggestion that the technique should be viewed as an attractive endoscopic local staging technique that can achieve an adequate resection technique where ESD would be unlikely to be successful. the endoscopic resection of Sm2 and Sm3
A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Access Control in IoT: Requirements, Technologies, and Evaluation Metrics

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology with a high market growth rate. In the IoT, machines and users from different levels must collaborate to exchange data and share resources. The IoT opens the door for a vast improvement in all aspects of human life. However, the increasing adoption of the IoT in many sectors makes it difficult to control security risks. For this reason, there is a need for more effort in both research and industry to address the risks and find convenient solutions. This systematic literature review delves deeply into understanding the unique challenges and requirements posed by IoT environments. Through a detailed examination of 96 selected studies, this paper primarily addresses three research questions. The study concludes by summarizing key requirements, technologies, and metrics founded on our comprehensive analysis, aiming to steer further research in the domain. As IoT continues its expansion into various facets of our daily lives, there’s a paramount need to integrate with emerging technologies and ensure scalability. Prioritizing real-world implementations is crucial for the next wave of innovations in access control systems.
A DFT study of the optoelectronic properties of B and Be-doped Graphene

The electronic and optical properties of Boron (B) and Beryllium (Be)-doped graphene were determined using the ab initio approach based on the generalized gradient approximations within the Full potential linearized Augmented Plane wave formalism (FP-LAPW) formalism. Our findings demonstrated that doping at the edges of graphene is notably stable. In both systems, Be-doped graphene proves more efficient in manipulating the band gap of graphene. Both B and Be induce P-type doping in graphene. B-doped graphene exhibits a negligible magnetic moment of 0.000742, suggesting its suitability for catalytic semiconductor devices. Conversely, Be-doped graphene displays a large magnetic moment of 1.045 µB indicating its potential in spintronics. Additionally, this study elucidates the influence of the dielectric matrices on the optical properties of graphene. These findings underscore a stable and controllable method for modelling graphene at its edges with B and Be atoms, opening new avenues for designing of these devices.
Identifying immunodeficiency status in children with pulmonary tuberculosis: using radiomics approach based on un-enhanced chest computed tomography

Background Children with primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) are particularly vulnerable to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Chest computed tomography (CT) is an important examination diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), and there are some differences between primary immunocompromised and immunocompetent cases with PTB. Therefore, this study aimed to use the radiomics analysis based on un-enhanced CT for identifying immunodeficiency status in children with PTB. Methods This retrospective study enrolled a total of 173 patients with diagnosis of PTB and available immunodeficiency status. Based on their immunodeficiency status, the patients were divided into PIDs (n=72) and no-PIDs (n=101). The samplings were randomly divided into training and testing groups according to a ratio of 3:1. Regions of interest were obtained by segmenting lung lesions on un-enhanced CT images to extract radiomics features. The optimal radiomics features were identified after dimensionality reduction in the training group, and a logistic regression algorithm was used to establish radiomics model. The model was validated in the training and testing groups. Diagnostic efficiency of the model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy, F1 score, calibration curve, and decision curve. Results The radiomics model was constructed using nine optimal features. In the training set, the model achieved an AUC of 0.837, sensitivity of 0.783, specificity of 0.780, and F1 score of 0.749. The cross-validation of the model in the training set showed an AUC of 0.774, sensitivity of 0.834, specificity of 0.720, and F1 score of 0.749. In the test set, the model achieved an AUC of 0.746, sensitivity of 0.722, specificity of 0.692, and F1 score of 0.823. Calibration curves indicated a strong predictive performance by the model, and decision curve analysis demonstrated its clinical utility. Conclusions The CT-based radiomics model demonstrates good discriminative efficacy in identifying the presence of PIDs in children with PTB, and shows promise in accurately identifying the immunodeficiency status in this population.