Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DENTAL PULP LESIONS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DENTAL CARIES

176 Реферати ХАРАКТЕР УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРНИХ ЗМІН, ЗУМОВЛЕНИХ ОРХОЕПІДИДИМІТОМ, В ЯЄЧКУ І ЕЯКУЛЯТІ ЧОЛОВІКІВ Глодан О. Я. , Грицуляк Б. В. , Грицуляк В. Б. , Івасюк І. Й. ХАРАКТЕР УЛЬТРАСТРУКТУРНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ В ЯИЧКЕ И ЭЯКУЛЯТЕ МУЖЧИН, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННЫХ ОРХОЭПИДИДИМИТОМ Глодан O.Ya. , Hrytsuliak Б. В. , Грицуляк V.B. , Ивасюк И. И. В 14 біоптатах яєчка неплідних чоловіків віком 2235 років, що перенесли орхоепідидиміт, досліджено характер ультраструктурних змін та їх вплив на показники еякуляту. Встановлено деформацію і пікноз ядер, нерівномірне розширення перинуклеарного простору, вакуолізацію цитоплазми, гомогенізацію крист мітохондрій, розширення цистерн ендоплазматичної сітки та елементів комплексу Гольджі в ендотеліоцитах гемокапілярів, міоїдних клітинах власної оболонки звивистих сім’яних трубочок, підтримувальних епітеліоцитах, сперматоцитах і сперматидах, які супроводжувались в еякуляті зменшенням вдвічі концентрації сперматозоїдів в 1 мл, збільшенням у 3 рази кількості патологічних форм та зниженням їх рухливості. Ключові слова: яєчко, орхоепідидиміт, клітини сперматогенного епітелію, еякулят. Стаття надійшла 24.05. 2019 p. В 14 биоптатах яичка бесплодных мужчин в возрасте 22-35 лет, перенесших орхоэпидидимит, исследован характер ультраструктурных изменений и их влияние на показатели эякулята. Установлены деформация и пикноз ядер, неравномерное расширение перинуклеарного пространства, вакуолизация цитоплазмы, гомогенизация крист митохондрий, расширение цистерн эндоплазматической сети и элементов комплекса Гольджи в эндотелиоцитах гемокапилляров, миоидных клетках собственной оболочки извитых семенных трубочек, поддерживающих эпителиоцитах, сперматоцитах и сперматидах, которые сопровождались в эякуляте уменьшением концентрации сперматозоидов вдвое в 1 мл, увеличением в 3 раза количества патологических форм и снижением их подвижности. Ключевые слова: яичко, орхоэпидидимит, клетки сперматогенного эпителия, эякулят. Рецензент Єрошенко Г. А.
Insect biodiversity : science and society

Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction Peter H. Adler and Robert G. Foottit . 2. The Importance of Insects G.G. E. Scudder . Part I. Insect Biodiversity: Regional Examples . 3. Insect Biodiversity in the Nearctic Region Andrew B. T. Smith and Hugh V. Danks. 4. Amazonian Rainforests and Their Richness of Coleoptera, a Dominant Life Form in the Critical Zone of the Neotropics Terry L. Erwin and Christy J. Geraci. 5. Insect Biodiversity in the Afrotropical Region C.H. Scholtz and M.W. Mansell . 6. Biodiversity of Australasian Insects Peter S. Cranston . 7. Insect Biodiversity in the Palearctic Region Alexander S. Konstantinov, Boris A. Korotyaev and Mark G. Volkovitsh. Part II. Insect Biodiversity: Taxon Examples. 8. Biodiversity of Aquatic Insects John C. Morse. 9. Biodiversity of Diptera G.W. Courtney, T. Pape, J.H. Skevington and B.J. Sinclair . 10. Biodiversity of Heteroptera Thomas J. Henry. 11. Biodiversity of Coleoptera P. Bouchard, V.V. Grebennikov, A.B. T. Smith and H. Douglas. 12. Biodiversity of Hymenoptera John T. Huber . 13. Lepidoptera Biodiversity Michael G. Pogue. Part III. Tools and Approaches . 14. The Science of Insect Taxonomy: Prospects and Needs Quentin D. Wheeler . 15. Insect Species - Concepts and Practice Michael F. Claridge . 16. Molecular Dimensions of Insect Taxonomy Felix Sperling and Amanda Roe . 17. DNA Barcodes and Insect Biodiversity Robin M. Floyd, John J. Wilson, Paul D. N. Hebert . 18. Insect Biodiversity and Informatics Norman F. Johnson . 19. Parasitoid Diversity and Insect Pest Management John Heraty . 20. Taxonomy of Crop Pests: The Aphids Gary L. Miller and Robert G. Foottit . 21. Adventive Insects: A Global Overview Alfred G. Wheeler, Jr. and E. Richard Hoebeke . 22. Biodiversity of Biting Flies: Implications for Humanity Peter H. Adler . 23. Reconciling Ethical and Scientific Issues for Insect Conservation Michael J. Samways . 24. Insect Biodiversity: Assessment and Taxonomy Ke Chung Kim. 25. Insect Biodiversity - Millions and Millions May Berenbaum. Taxonomic Index. Subject Index
Diatoms of Europe: Diatoms of the European Inland Waters and Comparable habitats

Eunotia is one of the most diverse diatom genera, Van Landingham (1969) estimated that there were around 200 species, since then many more have been added. Eunotia has a short raphe often rudimentary that lies on one side. The genus is widespread and abundant in freshwater habitats. There is a great variability in the size and shape of the valve. Due to the resemblance between different taxa, it is often difficult to separate certain taxa from others. In 1991, Krammer & Lange–Bertalot made a revision of the genus collected from European temperate areas. This text is often the basis for identification of Eunotia, with supplement information coming from a series of local articles, particularly in recent years, when more examinations have been made into marshland environments. This often leads to difficulties in obtaining all of the literature needed to identify all of the possible Eunotia that might be found in your samples. In recent investigations, I have been faced with identifying many different Eunotia. Personally, I would have liked to have a book that combined a large number of the Eunotia in one volume. The book begins with a discussion of biogeographic diversity and ecology, particularly the Holarctic area with some information of the Neotropics. Next a key to genera living in the Holarctic Region is given, followed by a key to the identification of taxa presented in the book. This can be very useful to those who do not work often with Eunotia. Finally the taxa are described and presented in alphabetical order. Almost 200 taxa were observed in this study. Over fifty new species were described, along with several new status and new combinations. Also, one species in each of the following genera was also given: Amphorotia, Peronia, Actinella and Semiorbis. As the title of this series states Diatom of Europe, the species all occur in Europe but as the discussion in the biography showed many of these species are found in other parts of the world.
Near-Infrared Time-Resolved Spectroscopy for Assessing Brown Adipose Tissue Density in Humans: A Review

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) mediates adaptive thermogenesis upon food intake and cold exposure, thus potentially contributing to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)–positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) (18FDG–PET/CT) is a standard method for assessing BAT activity and volume in humans. 18FDG–PET/CT has several limitations, including high device cost and ionizing radiation and acute cold exposure necessary to maximally stimulate BAT activity. In contrast, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used for measuring changes in O2-dependent light absorption in the tissue in a non-invasive manner, without using radiation. Among NIRS, time-resolved NIRS (NIRTRS) can quantify the concentrations of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin ([oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb], respectively) by emitting ultrashort (100 ps) light pulses and counts photons, which are scattered and absorbed in the tissue. The basis for assessing BAT density (BAT-d) using NIRTRS is that the vascular density in the supraclavicular region, as estimated using Hb concentration, is higher in BAT than in white adipose tissue. In contrast, relatively low-cost continuous wavelength NIRS (NIRCWS) is employed for measuring relative changes in oxygenation in tissues. In this review, we provide evidence for the validity of NIRTRS and NIRCWS in estimating human BAT characteristics. The indicators (IndNIRS) examined were [oxy-Hb]sup, [deoxy-Hb]sup, total hemoglobin [total-Hb]sup, Hb O2 saturation (StO2sup), and reduced scattering coefficient (μs sup′) in the supraclavicular region, as determined by NIRTRS, and relative changes in corresponding parameters, as determined by NIRCWS. The evidence comprises the relationships between the IndNIRS investigated and those determined by 18FDG–PET/CT; the correlation between the IndNIRS and cold-induced thermogenesis; the relationship of the IndNIRS to parameters measured by 18FDG–PET/CT, which responded to seasonal temperature fluctuations; the relationship of the IndNIRS and plasma lipid metabolites; the analogy of the IndNIRS to chronological and anthropometric data; and changes in the IndNIRS following thermogenic food supplementation. The [total-Hb]sup and [oxy-Hb]sup determined by NIRTRS, but not parameters determined by NIRCWS, exhibited significant correlations with cold-induced thermogenesis parameters and plasma androgens in men in winter or analogies to 18FDG–PET. We conclude that NIRTRS can provide useful information for assessing BAT-d in a simple, rapid, non-invasive way, although further validation study is still needed.
SEEDLING RECRUITMENT LIMITATION IN WHITE CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM REPENS; LEGUMINOSAE)

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a stoloniferous clonal legume. Dynamics of white clover populations are controlled by the recruitment of both seedlings (genets) and node production (ramets). To understand the role of seedling dynamics in natural populations of white clover, the recruitment and mortality of seedlings in a lawn and pasture clover population were followed and the roles ofbiotic and abiotic factors in seedling recruitment and survival were assessed. Seedling recruitment was several orders of magnitude less than vegetative recruitment in both lawn and pasture populations. However, at least several new genets are added to these populations on a yearly basis. In both locations, physical disturbances may open sites for seed germination, as disturbed sites had higher seed germination rates than undisturbed sites. However, these sites were not favorable for long-term establishment due to such factors as frost upheaval. Therefore, there are trade-offs in safe site attributes for seed germination and establishment that strongly limit recruitment in natural populations of white clover. Seed germination and survival in closed swards dominated by vegetatively spreading perennials are typically very low (Sarukhan and Harper, 1973; Ennos, 198 1; Lovett Doust, 1981; Schmid, 1984; Hartnett and Bazzaz, 1985). Consequently, the dynamics of these populations are likely to be determined primarily by the growth and dispersal of vegetative modules, and sexual seed production is important only in the colonization of new or disturbed sites. If this is the case, then one can ask what, if any, role does seed production play in the dynamics and structure of closed, clonally dominated plant populations? Moreover, if seedling recruitment is rare, what consequences does this have for genetic variation in populations? While only the first question is addressed in this study, such questions are particularly germane to white clover populations where genotypic diversity can be high (Burdon, 1980). Cahn and Harper (1976) found an average of four leaf mark phenotypes per 10 cm2 sample. Glidden and Saleem (1985) found that approximately 90% of the white clover ramets randomly sampled from a natural population were unique genotypes up to an area of 10 M2. It is therefore of considerable interest to assess the role that seedling recruitment plays in the structure and dy
BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY AND VARIABILITY OF MAST CELL NEOPLASMS IN VIVO *

Mast cells are by definition those connective tissue cells capable of elaborating basophilic metachromatic granules in their cytoplasm. Cells with this common morphologic characteristic may develop considerable chemical and behavioral variation although, in general, in any given animal or species, normal (non-neoplastic) mast cells appear to represent a rather homogeneous cell population. Mast cells have been recognized clearly far down the evolutionary scale, and are common in the tissues of higher vertebrates. In different species, mast cells vary considerably in their distribution in different tissues. '-l6 Predominant areas of localization are the connective tissue, about blood vessels, along nerves, and on serous surfaces. This pattern of distribution has led to the suggestion that the mast cells may participate in the general production and storage of connective tissue ground substance or the deposition of fibrillar material in connective t i s s ~ e . l ~ ' ~ Some biochemical differences exist among different specie^. ^^-^^ However, most chemical studies have been performed on tissues with varying numbers (usually high) of mast cells and not on pure preparations of mast ~ e l l s . ~ ~ ~ ~ In general, all mast cells contain histamine and heparin, while serotonin is present in significant quantities only in rat and mouse mast ~ e l l s . ' ~ ~ ~ Little morphologic variation aside from size and shape has been noted except for ultra-fine structure difference^. *^-^^ In various nontumorous pathologic states, the distribution of the mast cells may vary,19~34,38-48 but they appear to be normal and there are no data to suggest any biochemical differences among those of the same species. The role of the mast cells in these processes has been the subject of some discussion. Occasionally, the mast cell content of and reaction to various neoplasms has been striking in both animal and human t ~ m o r s . ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ Although mast cells have been noted to accumulate about the growing edges of tumors and, occasionally, to form focal aggregates within tumors, there are no data to suggest that these are other than normal tissue mast cells. A possible association between mast cells and carcinogenesis has been sugg e ~ t e d . ' ~ , ~ ~ ~ ' The marked focal accumulation of mast cells in the areas of topically applied carcinogens is of interest, and is considerably more impressive than that obtained with nonspecific chronic inflammation. Ultraviolet light and X-rays also have evoked mast cell responses in exposed organs.63 Again these appear to be accumulations of normal tissue mast cells. " Portions of this work were completed during a tenure as Clinical Associate in the Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Service, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md.
Genistein accumulation in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) root systems under suboptimal root zone temperatures

Genistein, as a plant-to-bacteria signal, plays an important role in the establishment of the soybean {Glycine max [L. ] Merr. )-Bradyrhizobium japonicum nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. It is essential to the development of effective root nodules and responsible for inducing the nod genes of B. japonicum. Because suboptimal root zone temperature (RZT) delays infection and early nodule development, and decreases plant nodule number, and genistein addition overcomes some of this, it is reasonable to hypothesize that suboptimal RZT disrupts the inter-organismal signal exchange by inhibiting genistein synthesis. Four experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. The results of these studies indicated that: (1) when soybean plants were germinated and maintained at RZTs ranging from 13 to 17CC, root genistein concentration and content per plant were lower than those of plants with roots maintained at RZTs above 17C; (2) when plants were germinated at an optimal RZT (25 °C) then transferred to RZTs below 17°C, and acclimated for a few days, root genistein concentration and content per plant were higher than those of plants with roots maintained either at optimal RZT, or transferred to RZT above 17 °C, although by the end of the experiment, the genistein concentration of root systems at below 17°C RZT appeared to be declining to values below those of plants with above 17 °C RZT; (3) the root genistein concentration increased before the onset of nitrogen fixation and decreased thereafter; and (4) part of the effect of RZTs on genistein content per plant root system was from reductions in genistein concentration at lower RZTs, and part was due to decreased plant root growth.
Theiler's VirusInfection ofP2-Microglobulin -Deficient Mice

genehadbeen disrupted. Thesemicefail toexpressclass IMHC molecules andtherefore lackCD8+T cells. Themiceare derived fromaC57BIV6 x 129/Ola crossandareH-2b, ahaplotype associated withresistance toTheiler's virus infection. 02-Microglobulin-deficient mice(12m'/_ mice) failed toclear thevirus, developed demyelination, and,interestingly, didnotsuccumb toearlyinfection. Theseresults demonstrate that CD8+Tcells arerequired toclear Theiler's virus infection. Incontrast with acurrent hypothesis, theyalso demonstrate thatCD8+Tcells arenotmajormediators ofthedemyelinating disease. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)play acentral roleinthe pathogenesis ofmany viral infections. Virus-specific CTL can bebeneficial tothehostwhentheyparticipate inearly clearance oftheagent.On theotherhand,theycan be effectors ofimmune-mediated pathologies, particularly in thecourseofpersistent infections. InthecaseofTheiler's virus, a murinepicornavirus, theexistence ofvirus-specific CTLhasbeendescribed onlyrecently (24). Theroleofthese cells inpathogenesis hasnotyetbeenelucidated. Whensusceptible miceareinoculated intracerebrally with Theiler's virusstrain DA, thevirusreplicates mainlyin neurons fora fewdayswithout causing mortality or overt signs ofencephalitis. Afterthisearly disease, thevirus is foundexclusively inthewhitematterofthespinal cord, whereitpersists inoligodendrocytes, astrocytes, andmicro
Adaptive Search Space through Evolutionary Hyper-Heuristics for the Large-Scale Vehicle Routing Problem

Amid continuing increases in purchasing power and Internet shopping, demands for more efficient algorithms to solve the Large-Scale Vehicle Routing Problems are to be expected. The problem, which consists of finding routes for visiting customers, however, is very hard to solve due to its combinatorial nature. This becomes more notable when looking at large scale instances, i.e at least 200 customers, requiring sophisticated solution methods to solve, mostly heuristic-based. The existing meta-heuristics apply some limits to the solution space for handling the large scale nature. However, this is typically done manually, based on extensive domain knowledge. Hyper-Heuristics aim to reduce domain knowledge dependence, but current works disregard search space size, presenting poor scalability. In this paper, we propose a new Hyper-Heuristic to automatically evolve effective heuristics, based on a Genetic Algorithm framework. The new Hyper-Heuristic adds limits to the neighbourhoods of Low-Level Heuristics. In the method, the large search space is dealt with an adaptive chromosome which limits the neighbourhood size for each operator. The goal is to show whether more effective limits can be found if done automatically. Results show that the automatically evolved neighbourhood size limits outperform fixed ones for most instances tested and manually designed limits.
Executive function in Multiple Sclerosis

Executive function in Multiple Sclerosis Executive function refers to mechanisms which optimise performance in situations requiring multiple cognitive processes and is associated with the frontal lobes of the brain. There are various competing theories of executive function but current thinking in this area has moved towards identifying separable executive processes. It is well established that executive skills are compromised in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. This is thought to arise as a result of the effects of the disease process on the frontal regions of the brain, in the context of a disseminated pathology. An executive process that appears to have received relatively little attention in the MS research literature is the ability to initiate and suppress undesired verbal responses, despite clinical reports of disinhibition in some patients with MS. There is also evidence for impairment in the ability to switch between task demands and to manipulate information in working memory in this patient group. This thesis sets out to examine these executive processes in a group of people with MS. 22 participants with clinically definite or clinically probable MS, and 22 matched healthy controls, were assessed on a range of cognitive measures including tests of executive function. Participants also performed two new experimental tasks that were designed to examine the ability to switch demands and to inhibit verbal responses, particularly when the inhibitory demand was varied. The MS participants showed evidence of verbal disinhibition compared to the healthy controls, particularly when inhibitory demands were higher. There was further evidence of impairment in other executive functions in the MS group including working memory, in the context of poor performance on tasks of information processing speed. The MS group’s ability to switch between task demands, however, appeared to be relatively preserved. The results partly confirm previous findings of cognitive dysfunction in MS but add to the knowledge about verbal disinhibition, set switching and working memory. There are important clinical implications that arise from these findings which are associated with improving the quality of life of people with MS.
RETA: A Schema-Aware, End-to-End Solution for Instance Completion in Knowledge Graphs

Knowledge Graph (KG) completion has been widely studied to tackle the incompleteness issue (i.e., missing facts) in modern KGs. A fact in a KG is represented as a triplet (h, r, t) linking two entities h and t via a relation r. Existing work mostly consider link prediction to solve this problem, i.e., given two elements of a triplet predicting the missing one, such as (h, r, ? ). This task has, however, a strong assumption on the two given elements in a triplet, which have to be correlated, resulting otherwise in meaningless predictions, such as (Marie Curie, headquarters location, ? ). In addition, the KG completion problem has also been formulated as a relation prediction task, i.e., when predicting relations r for a given entity h. Without predicting t, this task is however a step away from the ultimate goal of KG completion. Against this background, this paper studies an instance completion task suggesting r-t pairs for a given h, i.e., (h, ? , ? ). We propose an end-to-end solution called RETA (as it suggests the Relation and Tail for a given head entity) consisting of two components: a RETA-Filter and RETA-Grader. More precisely, our RETA-Filter first generates candidate r-t pairs for a given h by extracting and leveraging the schema of a KG; our RETA-Grader then evaluates and ranks the candidate r-t pairs considering the plausibility of both the candidate triplet and its corresponding schema using a newly-designed KG embedding model. We evaluate our methods against a sizable collection of state-of-the-art techniques on three real-world KG datasets. Results show that our RETA-Filter generates of high-quality candidate r-t pairs, outperforming the best baseline techniques while reducing by 10.61%-84.75% the candidate size under the same candidate quality guarantees. Moreover, our RETA-Grader also significantly outperforms state-of-the-art link prediction techniques on the instance completion task by 16.25%-65.92% across different datasets.