Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacology of New Triazole-Containing Quinolinones as CNS Active Agents

Epilepsy and major depressive disorder are the two of the most common central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Clinicians and patients call for new antidepressants, antiseizure medicines, and in particular drugs for depression and epilepsy comorbidities. In this work, a dozen new triazole-quinolinones were designed, synthesized, and investigated as CNS active agents. All compounds reduced the immobility time significantly during the forced swim test (FST) in mice at the dosage of 50 mg/kg. Compounds 3f–3j gave superior performance over fluoxetine in the FST with more reductions of the immobility time. Compound 3g also reduced immobility time significantly in a tail suspension test (TST) at the dosage of 50 mg/kg, though its anti-immobility activity was inferior to that of fluoxetine. An open field test was carried out and it eliminated the false-positive possibility of 3g in the FST and TST, which complementarily supported the antidepressant activity of 3g. We also found that almost all compounds except 3k exhibited antiseizure activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model at 100 or 300 mg/kg. Compounds 3c, 3f, and 3g displayed the ED50 of 63.4, 78.9, and 84.9 mg/kg, and TD50 of 264.1, 253.5, and 439.9 mg/kg, respectively. ELISA assays proved that the mechanism for the antiseizure and antidepressant activities of compound 3g was via affecting the concentration of GABA in mice brain. The molecular docking study showed a good interaction between 3g and the amino acid residue of the GABAA receptor. Excellent drug-like properties and pharmacokinetic properties of compound 3a–l were also predicted by Discovery Studio. These findings provided a new skeleton to develop agents for the treatment of epilepsy and depression comorbidities.
The physical interpretation of the quantum dynamics

The new quantum mechanics consists of a scheme of equations which are very closely analogous to the equations of classical mechanics, with the funda­mental difference that the dynamical variables do not obey the commutative law of multiplication, but satisfy instead the well-known quantum conditions. It follows that one cannot suppose the dynamical variables to be ordinary numbers (c-numbers), but may call them numbers of a special type (q-numbers). The theory shows that these q-numbers can in general be represented by matrices whose elements are c-numbers (functions of a time parameter). When one has performed the calculations with the q-numbers and obtained all the matrices one wants, the question arises how one is to get physical results from the theory, i. e. , how can one obtain c-numbers from the theory that one can compare with experimental values ? Hitherto this has been done with the help of a number of special assumptions. In Heisenberg’s original matrix mechanics it was assumed that the elements of the diagonal matrix that repre­sents the energy are the energy levels of the system, and the elements of the matrix that represents the total polarisation, which are periodic functions of the time, determine the frequencies and intensities of the spectral lines in analogy to the classical theory. Schrodinger’s wave representation of the quantum mechanics has provided new ways of obtaining physical results from the theory, based on the assumption that the square of the amplitude of the wave function can in certain cases be interpreted as a probability. From this assumption one can, for instance, work out the probability of a transition being produced in a system (or the number of transitions produced in an assembly of like systems) by an arbitrary external perturbing force, and can thus, by supposing the perturbation to consist of incident radiation, obtain directly Einstein’s B coefficients. Again in Born’s treatment of collision problems it is assumed that the square of the amplitude of the wave function scattered in any direction determines the probability of the colliding electron (or other body) being scattered in that direction.
Prevalence of Burnout in Healthcare Workers of Tertiary-Care Hospitals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey from Two Central European Countries

COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented strain on healthcare workers (HCWs). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout in hospital employees during a prolonged pandemic-induced burden on healthcare systems. An online survey among employees of a Czech and Slovak university hospital was conducted between November 2021 and January 2022, approximately when the incidence rates peaked in both countries. The Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey was applied. We obtained 807 completed questionnaires (75.1% from Czech employees, 91.2% from HCWs, 76.2% from women; mean age of 42.1 ± 11 years). Burnout in emotional exhaustion (EE) was found in 53.2%, depersonalization (DP) in 33%, and personal accomplishment (PA) in 47.8% of respondents. In total, 148 (18.3%) participants showed burnout in all dimensions, 184 (22.8%) in two, and 269 (33.3%) in at least one dimension. Burnout in EE and DP (65% and 43.7%) prevailed in physicians compared to other HCWs (48.6% and 28.8%). Respondents from COVID-19-dedicated units achieved burnout in the EE and DP dimensions with higher rates than non-frontline HCWs (58.1% and 40.9% vs. 49.9% and 27.7%). Almost two years of the previous overloading of healthcare services, caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulted in the relatively high prevalence of burnout in HCWs, especially in physicians and frontline HCWs.
A methodology for prioritizing safety indicators using individual vehicle trajectory data

Abstract A methodology for assessing crash risk using vehicle driving trajectories based on data mining techniques was developed in this study. A variety of safety indicators reflecting the characteristics of traffic and road geometric conditions were evaluated in terms of their capability of capturing hazardous traffic flow. Comprehensive data preparation was conducted by matching driving trajectory data obtained from in-vehicle digital tachograph devices and crash data to classify and analyze hazardous and normal traffic flows. The random forest approach was adopted to quantify the importance of safety indicators. The crash risks were evaluated using the logistic regression model and multivariate adaptive regression splines model based on the set of safety indicators with high importance. The results show that the dangerous driving events rate and driving volatility indicators were found to be particularly significant in identifying hazardous conditions. The multivariate adaptive regression splines model showed better performance and a classification accuracy of 86% was achieved. The proposed methodology will be useful for deriving effective countermeasures to prevent crashes, which is the backbone of proactive traffic safety management.
Untargeted Metabolite Profiling of Adipose Tissue in Rats Exposed to Mepiquat

Mepiquat (Mep) is a contaminant produced by Maillard reaction with reducing sugar, free lysine and an alkylating agent under typical roasting conditions, particularly in the range of 200–240 °C. It has been reported that exposure to Mep is harmful to rats. However, its metabolic mechanism is still not clear. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was used to reveal the effect of Mep on the metabolic profile of adipose tissue in Sprague-Dawley rats. Twenty-six differential metabolites were screened out. Eight major perturbed metabolic pathways were found, which were linoleic acid metabolism, Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acid metabolism. This study lays a solid foundation for clarifying the toxic mechanism of Mep.
VISTA H-Score Is Significantly Associated with a 5-Year DFS Rate in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer in the world. Despite its prevalence, it is often recognized in advanced stages (III or IV) when it has already spread to local lymph nodes. In this study, we investigate the V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) as a potential prognostic factor in OSCC. Tissue samples were collected from 71 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients to determine protein expression levels (using immunochemistry and the semi-quantitative H-score method). Moreover, RT-qPCR was additionally performed in 35 patients. Clinical factors in our cohort study had no impact on VISTA expression. However, VISTA expression is largely correlated with Il-33 levels in tumor cells and lymphocytes and with PD-L1 in tumor cells. The impact of VISTA expression on overall survival (OS) is rather limited, but in the case of a 5-year survival rate, a significant association has been proven. VISTA seems to be a rather weak clinicopathological marker but needs further evaluation in the context of survival. In addition, the potential of VISTA combination with Il-33 or PD-L1 should be further investigated in OSCC.
Identifiability of single-index models and additive-index models

We provide a proof for the identifiability for both single-index models and partially linear single-index models assuming only the continuity of the regression function, a condition much weaker than the differentiability conditions assumed in the existing literature. Our discussion is then extended to the identifiability of the additive-index models. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
A novel UAV-integrated deep network detection and relative position estimation approach for weeds

This paper aims at presenting a novel monocular vision–based approach for drones to detect multiple type of weeds and estimate their positions autonomously for precision agriculture applications. The methodology is based on classifying and detecting the weeds using a proposed deep neural network architecture, named fused-YOLO on the images acquired from a monocular camera mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) following a predefined elliptical trajectory. The detection/classification is complemented by a new estimation scheme adopting unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to estimate the exact location of the weeds. Bounding boxes are assigned to the detected targets (weeds) such that the centre pixels of the bounding box will represent the centre of the target. The centre pixels are extracted and converted into world coordinates forming azimuth and elevation angles from the target to the UAV, and the proposed estimation scheme is used to extract the positions of the weeds. Experiments were conducted both indoor and outdoor to validate this integrated detection/classification/estimation approach. The errors in terms of misclassification and mispositioning of the weeds estimation were minimum, and the convergence of the position estimation results was short taking into account the affordable platform with cheap sensors used in the experiments.
Some New Methods of Topologic Classification of Channel Networks

C. Verner and J . S . Smart* Some N e w Methods of Topologic Classification of Channel Networks Abstract Some new methods for the topologic classification of channel networks are proposed. These methods are all based on the concept of topologic path length, or number of links from the network outlet to a junction or source. Two param- eters, the total path length (sum of all path lengths) and the diameter (largest path length) are shown to be useful in network analysis. Some advantages of these parameters are that they are easy t o measure, have straightforward to- pologic interpretations, and are closely related to important geometric measures. Moreover, they are capable of explaining various empirical geomorphic “laws,” such as the 0.6 power relation between mainstream length and area. I. TOPOLOGICALLY DISTINCT CHANNEL NETWORKS I n the quantitative analysis of drainage networks, it is convenient to choose for study the set of all channels above a given point in the drainage system, i.e., all channels that contribute to the discharge at that point. If the channels are idealized as single lines, the resulting figure is known in the geomorphological * The research for this paper was supported in part by the Geography Programs, Office of Naval Research. C. Werner i s professor of geography at the University of Califom% at Zrvine (Wallace J . Eckert Fellow at the IBM Watson Research Center during the time of the preparation of this paper); J . S. Smart is research stafl member at the Thomas J . Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, N.Y.
Fucoidan-Derived Functional Oligosaccharides: Recent Developments, Preparation, and Potential Applications

Oligosaccharides derived from natural resources are attracting increasing attention as both food and nutraceutical products because of their beneficial health effects and lack of toxicity. During the past few decades, many studies have focused on the potential health benefits of fucoidan. Recently, new interest has emerged in fucoidan, partially hydrolysed into fuco-oligosaccharides (FOSs) or low-molecular weight fucoidan, owing to their superior solubility and biological activities compared with fucoidan. There is considerable interest in their development for use in the functional food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, this review summarises and discusses the preparation of FOSs from fucoidan using mild acid hydrolysis, enzymatic depolymerisation, and radical degradation methods, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of hydrolysis methods. Several purification steps performed to obtain FOSs (according to the latest reports) are also reviewed. Moreover, the biological activities of FOS that are beneficial to human health are summarised based on evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies, and the possible mechanisms for the prevention or treatment of various diseases are discussed.
Why do researchers co‐author evidence syntheses with librarians? A mixed‐methods study

Librarians and information specialists are experts in designing comprehensive literature searches, such as those needed for Evidence Syntheses (ES). The contributions of these professionals to ES research teams have several documented benefits, especially when they collaborate on the project. However, librarian co‐authorship is relatively rare. This study explores researcher motivations for working with librarians at the co‐author level through a mixed methods design. Interviews with researchers identified 20 potential motivations that were then tested through an online questionnaire sent to authors of recently published ES. Consistent with previous findings, most respondents did not have a librarian co‐author on their ES, though 16% acknowledged one in their manuscript and 10% consulted one but did not document the contribution. Search expertise was the most common motivation both to and not to co‐author with librarians. Those that had or were interested in co‐authoring stated that they wanted the librarians' search expertise, while those who had not or were not interested stated that they already had the necessary search expertise. Researchers who were motivated by methodological expertise and availability were more likely to have co‐authored their ES with a librarian. No motivations were negatively associated with librarian co‐authorship. These findings provide an overview of the motivations that influence researchers to bring a librarian into an ES investigatory team. More research is needed to substantiate the validity of these motivations.
An Environmental Impact Study of Orion Nebula Dust

In this paper, new high-quality extinction curves are presented for Theta-1 Ori A, C, and D, and Theta-2 Ori A and B, over the wavelength range 3300-6000 A. These are coupled with near-infrared and ultraviolet data to produce extinction curves from 0.12 to 3.5 microns. The Orion Nebula region is interesting in that most of the known processes of dust-grain growth, processing, and destruction may be operating nearly simultaneously in close proximity to one another. Each of these processes is considered with respect to the observed extinction curves and environmental conditions in the Orion Nebula and its associated molecular cloud. Plausible grain populations are fit to the observed extinction curves. A good fit to the average Theta Ori extinction curve can be obtained with: (1) a combination of larger than normal silicate grains produced through coagulation and accretion; (2) evaporation of volatile mantles; and (3) a reduction in the column density of small (smaller than 0.01 micron) grains responsible for the bump and far-ultraviolet extinction through differential acceleration due to radiation pressure and possible evaporation. It seems plausible to explain the observed peculiar extinction in the Orion Nebula simply by environmental effects on otherwise normal grains. 59 references.
Design criteria for concentration optimization in scaling diode end-pumped lasers to high powers: influence of thermal fracture

A systematic investigation of a series of Nd:YVO/sub 4/ crystals with different dopant concentrations is conducted to scale the performance of diode-end-pumped lasers to higher powers. From the theoretical analysis, the fracture-limited pump power is expressed as a function of the thermal shock parameter, fractional thermal loading, and the absorption coefficient. The thermal shock parameter of Nd:YVO/sub 4/ crystals is determined from the laser experiments. Using the thermal shock parameter and the space-rate-equation model, we calculate the maximum output power in Nd:WO/sub 4/ crystals at the optimum pump condition as a function of the dopant concentration. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results. The influence of lowering the absorption coefficient on the TEM/sub 00/ output efficiency is also studied through the overlapping integral.
Influence of Headlight Level on Object Detection in Urban Traffic at Night

The purpose of this work is to determine the influence of the low beam intensity of motor vehicle headlights on detection conditions in urban traffic. For this purpose, studies with fourteen subjects are conducted on three differently illuminated test roads, in which the low beam intensity is dimmed from off to fully on. At each dimming level, the subjects indicate whether or not they have detected the object, which is realized by a flat target and occurs at sixteen different positions in front of the vehicle. In addition, considerations of the contrast curve and the visibility level are made in order to determine the influence of switched off and fully switched on headlights. The results show that the negative contrast created by the existing street lighting creates detection conditions at least as good as full low beam intensity in almost all cases. The results further indicate that the influence of the low beam intensity increases with decreasing distance to the object and decreasing illumination levels. The results of this work show that an increase in low beam intensity initially leads to poorer detection conditions; thus, the option of reducing low beam intensity should be considered in urban traffic space.
Optimized Maximum Power Point Tracker for fast changing environmental conditions

This work presents a high performance Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) optimized for fast cloudy conditions, e.g. rapidly changing irradiation on the PV panels. The rapidly changing conditions are tracked by an optimized hill-climbing MPPT method, called dP-P&O. This algorithm separates the effects of the irradiation change from the effect of the trackerpsilas perturbation, and uses this information to optimize the tracking according to the irradiation change. The knowledge of the direction of the irradiance change enables the MPPT to use different, optimized tracking schemes for the different cases of increase, decrease or steady irradiance. This strategy leads to faster and better tracking when the irradiance is changing rapidly, and lower oscillations around the MPP in steady-state conditions. The simulations and experimental results show that the proposed dP-P&O MPPT provides a quick and accurate tracking even in very fast changing environmental conditions.
Archival Human Temporal Bone: Anatomical and Histopathological Studies of Cochlear Implantation

Since being FDA approved in 1984, cochlear implantation has been used successfully to restore hearing in those with severe to profound hearing loss with broader applications including single-sided deafness, the use of hybrid electroacoustic stimulation, and implantation at all extremes of age. Cochlear implants have undergone multiple changes in the design aimed at improving the processing technology, while simultaneously minimizing the surgical trauma and foreign body reaction. The following review examines the human temporal bone studies regarding the anatomy of the human cochlea and how the anatomy relates to cochlear implant design, the factors related to complications after implantation, and the predictors of new tissue formation and osteoneogenesis. Histopathological studies are reviewed which aim to understand the potential implications of the effects of new tissue formation and inflammation following implantation.
Local scour at open-channel junctions

High bed-shear stress resulting from secondary flows and velocity increase at a channel junction cause local erosion and deposition in natural rivers and earth-lined channels. Herein, the scour patterns at the junction of two loose bed channels were studied under clear-water conditions. The main dimensionless variables are the angle between the two approach flow branches, the discharge and width ratios of the tributary to the downstream channel branches, and the ratio of the mean downstream velocity to the threshold velocity. The results indicate that the position of the maximum scour depth temporally moves to the outer wall and upstream to the main channel, as affected by the dimensionless variables. The effects of these variables are given in graphs and are expressed with a formula for maximum scour depth.
Control of Traction Motor and Accessories in Electric Vehicle using Multi Source Converter

Multi-source converters using multiple energy sources to supply the electric vehicle (EV) and its accessories have gained attraction amongst researchers recently. These converters offer elimination of dc-dc converters, hence improving efficiency by reducing size and weight. This paper presents, a multi-source converter operated in inverter mode using different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques such as sine PWM, indirect field-oriented control with PWM and space vector modulation (SVM). Induction motor is used as a traction motor and supplied directly from the main battery. The auxiliary battery is used for operating the accessories in normal condition and to run the traction motor during emergency conditions when main battery depletes. This arrangement not only increases the life cycle of main battery but also provides solution during breakdown of main battery in EV. The performance simulation results for all the techniques mentioned above are presented using MATLAB-Simulink. The space vector modulation shows efficient dc link utilization with reduced total harmonic distortion (THD) as well as easy implementation. Scale down experimental setup is used to verify proposed hypothesis. The simulation as well as experimental results of desired performance during speed increment and decrement of induction motor is presented using SVM technique to demonstrate the proof of the proposed control.