Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MODELO DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE TTP BASEADO EM TRANSFORMADAS BERT

Informações relativas às Táticas Técnicas e Procedimentos (TTP) observados em um ataque são costumeiramente apresentadas na forma de textos não estruturados. A aplicação de técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina junto ao Processamento de Linguagem Natural (NLP) pode auxiliar na identificação dessas TTP. Esse trabalho propõe o enfrentamento desse problema por meio da utilização de modelos BERT ( Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers ), estado da arte no campo de NLP. O dataset utilizado inicialmente é a base de sentenças do instituto MITRE, sendo posteriormente realizada validação em conjunto de sentenças manualmente anotadas extraído de relatórios de CTI ( Cyber Threat Intelligence ) públicos. São testados onze modelos e também se conduz uma investigação dos efeitos de alguns parâmetros no ajuste fino do modelo. O objetivo é identificar o modelo e a combinação de parâmetros que melhor se adequam à tarefa de classificação de acordo com as convenções sobre TTP do framework ATT&CK do MITRE. Como resultado, verificou-se que os melhores modelos apresentaram acurácia de 0,8264 e 0,7875 nos dois conjuntos de dados utilizados, demonstrando a viabilidade e a relevância do uso dos modelos BERT nessa complexa tarefa do domínio
A theory of interval iteration

Abstract : A theory of interval iteration, based on a few simple assumptions, is given for the fixed point problem for operators in partially ordered topological spaces. A comparison of interval with ordinary iteration is made which shows that their properties are converse in a certain sense with respect to existence or nonexistence of fixed points. The theory of interval iteration is shown to hold without modification if the computation is restricted to a finite set of points, as in actual practice. In this latter case interval iteration is show to converge or diverge in a finite number of steps, for which an upper bound is given. By the introduction of a suitable iteration operator, the method of interval iteration is extended to the problem of solution of equations in linear spaces. (Author)
Time-optimal reconstruction of Riemannian manifold via boundary electromagnetic measurements

Abstract A dynamical Maxwell system is et = curl h, ht = – curl e in Ω × (0, T), e| t=0 = 0, h| t=0 = 0 in Ω, eθ = ƒ in ∂Ω × [0, T], where Ω is a smooth compact oriented 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary, (·) θ is a tangent component of a vector at the boundary, e = e ƒ (x, t) and h = h ƒ (x, t) are the electric and magnetic components of the solution. One associates with this system a response operator RT : ƒ ↦ ν ∧ h ƒ| ∂Ω×(0,T), where ν is an outward normal to ∂Ω. The time-optimal setup of the inverse problem, which is relevant to the finiteness of the wave speed propagation, is as follows: given R 2T to recover the part Ω T ≔ {x ∈ Ω| dist(x, ∂Ω) < T} of the manifold. As was shown by Belishev, Isakov, Pestov, Sharafutdinov (Doklady Mathematics 61: 353–356, 2000), for T small enough the operator R 2T determines Ω T uniquely up to isometry. Here we prove that uniqueness holds for arbitrary T > 0 and provide a procedure that recovers Ω T from R 2T . Our approach is a version of the boundary control method (Belishev, 1986).
Carrier Density Dependent Localization and Consequences for Efficiency Droop in InGaN/GaN Quantum Well Structures

We report on the observation of a reduction in the depth of the S-shape in the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence peak energy with increasing excitation power density. Over the range of excitation power density where the depth of the S-shape is reduced, we also observe a reduction in the integrated photoluminescence intensity per unit excitation power, i.e., efficiency droop. Hence, the onset of efficiency droop occurs at the same carrier density as the onset of carrier delocalization. We correlate these experimental results with the predictions of a theoretical model of the effects of carrier localization due to local variations in the concentration of the randomly distributed In atoms on the optical properties of InGaN/GaN quantum wells. On the basis of this comparison of theory with experiment we attribute the reduction in the S-shape temperature dependence to the saturation of the available localized states. We propose that this saturation of the localized states is a contributory factor to efficiency droop whereby nonlocalized carriers recombine non-radiatively.
On the Impact of Misclassification in an Ordinal Exposure Variable

Abstract Say that interest focuses on the relationship between an exposure variable and an outcome variable; however, the exposure variable is subject to measurement error. While exceptions have been identified, in almost all circumstances nondifferential measurement error leads to attenuated regression coefficients and lost power to detect associations. In the case of an ordinal exposure variable subject to nondifferential misclassification, we confirm that power is always lost in a general test for association between the exposure and outcome variables. Surprisingly, however, we find that for a linear test of trend, a gain in power is possible.
Purposeful Program Theory: Effective Use of Theories of Change and Logic Models

Figures, Tables, and Exhibits. Acknowledgments. The Authors. Introduction: The Promise and Risks of Using Program Theory. PART ONE Key Ideas in Program Theory. Chapter 1: The Essence of Program Theory. Chapter 2: Variations of Program Theory over Time. Chapter 3: Common Myths and Traps. PART TWO Assessing Your Circumstances. Chapter 4: Scoping Intended Uses. Chapter 5: The Nature of the Situation and the Intervention. PAR T T H R E E Developing and Representing Program Theory. Chapter 6: Processes to Identify or Develop a Program Theory. Chapter 7: Developing a Theory of Change. Chapter 8: Developing a Theory of Action. Chapter 9: Representing Program Theory. Chapter 10: Critiquing Program Theory. PART FOUR Resources for Developing Program Theory. Chapter 11: Some Research-Based Theories of Change. Chapter 12: Some Common Program Archetypes. Chapter 13: Logic Models Resources. PA R T F I V E Using Program Theory for Monitoring and Evaluation. Chapter 14: Developing a Monitoring and Evaluation Plan. Chapter 15: Causal Inference. Chapter 16: Synthesis and Reporting. F I G U R E S, TA B L E S, A N D E X H I B I T S. Figures. Tables Exhibits.
An 8-Channel 5–33-GHz Transmit Phased Array Beamforming IC With 10.8–14.7-dBm Psat for C-, X-, Ku-, and Ka-Band SATCOM

This article presents an eight-channel 5–33-GHz transmit phased-array radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ku$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band SATCOM applications. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\,\, {}\times {}2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> beamformer is implemented in a 90-nm SiGe HBT process. Each channel has a wideband two-stage power amplifier (PA), a phase shifter (PS), a variable gain amplifier (VGA), and a single-ended to differential (S2D) converter. The input radio frequency (RF) power is distributed to the eight channels using a two-stage lumped-element Wilkinson network and active dividers. The measured electronic gain is 24–27 dB at 5–33 GHz with 5-bit PS operation and >20 dB gain control. A peak OP1dB and OPsat of 10.8–14 dBm is achieved over the entire frequency range. The chip is then implemented in a wideband phased array using tapered-slot (Vivaldi) antennas. The 16-element phased array achieves ±60° scanning at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$X$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ku$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bands and ±30° scanning at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band with a broadside effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 16–38.5 dBm at 8–32 GHz. Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-phase shift keying (PSK), and 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) waveform are delivered to the phased array for performance evaluation, and <4%–4.8% error vector magnitude (EVM) is achieved in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C - Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-bands at P1dB (EIRP) operation. Application areas are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$C-/X-/Ku-/Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band ground terminals for satellite communications (SATCOMs).
Numerical simulation of flow over urban-like topographies and evaluation of turbulence temporal attributes

We have used large-eddy simulation with an immersed boundary method to study turbulent flows over distributions of uniform height, staggered cubes. The computational domains were designed such that both the roughness sublayer and a region of the inertial layer are resolved. With this, we record vertical profiles of time series of fluctuating streamwise and vertical velocity at different locations throughout the domain. Contour images of these fluctuating quantities shown relative to elevation and time are studied; contour images of Reynolds shear stresses owing to ‘sweeps’ and ‘ejections’ are also studied. These images show that periods of momentum excess (deficit) in the inertial-layer precede excitation (subdual) of cube-scale coherent vortices in the roughness sublayer. We compute this time lag (termed advective lag) and demonstrate that it scales linearly with wall-normal elevation. The advective lag is attributed to coherent, low- and high-momentum regions in the aloft inertial layer. Vortex identification is used to illustrate the presence of hairpin packets encapsulating low-momentum regions. Based on this, the reported inclination angle associated with hairpin packets is used to guide the development of a model for prediction of advective lag with height. The model captures the advective lag profiles reasonably well. In the interest of generality, additional cases of flow over homogeneous roughness (aerodynamic drag imposed with the equilibrium logarithmic law) are considered. We again observe that advective lag scales linearly with wall-normal elevation. Advective lag predictions from the aforementioned model agree well with results for these cases.
Activation of the TGF-β Pathway Enhances the Efficacy of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Background Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first choice of treatment for patients diagnosed with small lung cell cancer (SCLC). However, many patients exhibit resistance to it. Therefore, it is imperative to further investigate a prognostic biomarker indicating sensitivity to this therapy. Methods We collected and performed RNA sequencing on 45 SCLC samples from the Zhujiang Hospital (Local-SCLC). In addition, we used a public cohort from George et al. as a validation cohort (George-SCLC). The transforming growth factor β signaling pathway (TGFB) activation status was determined according to the related ssGSEA score. We analyzed immune cell ratios, pathway activation scores, and immune-related genes in SCLC patients to further elucidate the potential mechanisms. Results A high activation status of the TGFB pathway was associated with improved prognosis in SCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy (Local-SCLC: HR = 0.0238, (95% CI, 0.13-0.84), p = 0.0238; George-SCLC: HR = 0.0315, (95% CI, 0.28-0.98), p = 0.0315). Immune infiltration analysis showed that the TGFB-HIGH group had more M1 macrophages and Th1 cells, whilst fewer M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and Treg cells were found in the Local-SCLC cohort. Mechanistic analysis showed that the TGBF-HIGH group was upregulated in STING-mediated immunity, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest, as well as being downregulated in the process of DNA damage repair. Conclusions SCLC patients exhibiting a high activation status of the TGFB pathway demonstrate an improved prognosis with platinum-based chemotherapy. The potential underlying mechanism may be related to antitumor immune enhancement and DNA damage repair inhibition.
Quantum Painlevé-Calogero correspondence for Painlevé VI

This paper is a continuation of our previous paper where the Painleve-Calogero correspondence has been extended to auxiliary linear problems associated with Painleve equations. We have proved, for the first five equations from the Painleve list, that one of the linear problems can be recast in the form of the non-stationary Schrodinger equation whose Hamiltonian is a natural quantization of the classical Calogero-like Hamiltonian for the corresponding Painleve equation. In the present paper we establish the quantum Painleve-Calogero correspondence for the most general case, the Painleve VI equation. We also show how the desired special gauge and the needed choice of variables can be derived starting from the corresponding Schlesinger system with rational spectral parameter.
Magnetism of Low-dimensional Systems: Theory

The article discusses the ground-state properties of low-dimensional magnets from the viewpoint of the electronic structure theory. The results presented arose from first-principles calculations based on the material-specific density-functional theory. The focus lies on ultrathin films, wires, chains, and clusters with ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and complex noncollinear magnetic phases. We discuss which systems become magnetic in low dimensions, their respective values for the spin and orbital magnetic moments, the magnetic ground-state structures, and the magnetic anisotropy determining the orientation of the magnetization as well as how these properties are altered by respective substrates. The emphasis of the article lies in the development of the physical intuition by discussing the chemical trend of the properties of these magnets. Case studies of benchmark systems such as the magnetic surface alloy c(2 × 2)-MnCu/Cu(100), Ni/Cu(100), which exhibits a magnetic reorientation transition, Fe/W(110), or Co chains on Pt(111) are discussed in more detail. A brief introduction to the basic concepts, notions, models, and theory is given, in order to provide a framework in which the surprising and partly peculiar results can be understood and interpreted. This includes the density-functional theory, the Heisenberg model, the dipolar and magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction, the Stoner model, the role of the coordination number for the appearance of magnetism, and the estimation of the critical temperature. Keywords: ultrathin films; chains and wires; adatoms and clusters; electronic structure; density-functional theory; Heisenberg model; Stoner model; exchange interactions; magnetic anisotropy; Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction; critical temperature; noncollinear magnetism
Acute Effects of Kinesio Taping on Functional Performance in Healthy Soccer Players: A Randomized, Controlled Crossover Trial

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of the Kinesio tape (KT) application on functional performance in healthy athletes. In this randomized, controlled crossover trial, a total of sixteen healthy soccer players (male = 14; age = 23.28 ± 3.13 years old) were assigned randomly into either KT over quadriceps, KT over hamstring, KT over quadriceps plus hamstring, or no intervention control condition. Four conditions were applied in a crossover design through three consecutive test sessions for each condition with a washout period of 2 days between the trials. Afterwards, all participants performed a 5-min warm-up routine and four sets of 30-s static stretching exercises for the hamstring and gluteal muscles for three consecutive treatment sessions. The running, jump, and flexibility tests were used to assess the functional performance of healthy athletes. A total of sixteen participants completed the study. No significant differences in the jump, flexibility, and running tests among the conditions were reported (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that KT application has no acute effects in improving functional performance in healthy athletes. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify our results.
Targeting CTLA-4 in Cancer: Biological Insights with a Focus on Renal Cell Carcinoma

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a complex group of malignant tumors characterized by immunosuppression and high invasiveness. In the majority of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, treatment fails to achieve a complete cure post-treatment. Efforts are needed to develop new therapeutics to improve the outcome of renal cell carcinoma. The "immune checkpoint" of T cells has attracted much attention in tumor immunotherapy. It is widely accepted that suppressor T cell immune checkpoints promote tumor immune escape through negative immune regulatory signals (cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen 4 [CTLA-4], programmed cell death 1 [PD-1], B7-H3, and B7-H4, among others). The current data suggest that the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptors inhibit the T cell receptor and its proliferation. Blockade of the PD-I/PD-L1 and/or CTLA-4/CD 28 pathways has shown favorable tumor outcomes in clinical trials in advance-stage renal cancer. This article reviews the role of CTLA-4/CD 28 pathway in renal cell carcinoma. Here we discuss the basics of the CTLA-4 pathway from a physiological perspective and evaluate the results of clinical studies of CTLA-4 alone and in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 blockers to support future studies of combination immunotherapy.
Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Pet Ownership in Pediatric Transplant Recipients

In recent decades, the number of pediatric transplantations and their survival rates have increased. Psychological problems and poorer quality of life are notable among children undergoing transplantation and can have long-lasting consequences and affect immunosuppressive therapy adherence. Pet ownership and animal contact have been associated with physical, mental, and social health benefits. Despite these potential benefits, however, companion animals are known to be a source of infection, which is one of the main concerns for clinicians. Because of immunosuppression, these children are particularly vulnerable to infections. Zoonoses comprise a long list of infectious diseases and represent a major public health problem. Nevertheless, many families and most healthcare providers are unaware of these potential risks, and there is a worrisome lack of recommendations to manage the risk-benefit balance, which could pose a risk for acquiring a zoonosis. Furthermore, no data are available on the number of transplanted patients with pets, and this risk-benefit balance is difficult to adequately evaluate. In this document, we review the currently available evidence regarding the epidemiology of zoonotic infections in patients undergoing transplantation, focusing on pediatric patients from a risk-benefit perspective, to help inform decision-making for clinicians. Families and healthcare professionals should be aware of the risks, and clinicians should actively screen for pets and offer comprehensive information as part of routine clinical practice. A multidisciplinary approach will ensure proper care of patients and pets and will establish preventive measures to ensure patients are safe living with their pets.
Determination of the Relative Permeability Matrix Coefficients

This paper summarizes the recent development of the generalized matrix formulation and its incorporation into a reservoir simulator as collaborative efforts conducted at Alberta Research Council (ARC) and Computer Modelling Group (CMG). The focus of this paper is on how the matrix coefficients, which are the generalization of relative permeability curves, can be determined from experimental data, in two-phase and three-phase systems. We studied different types of experimental conditions available in the literature to obtain these matrix coefficients for two phase flow. These include experiments by Bentsen and Manai and Boubiaux and Kalaydjian. A more general description was derived, leading to the disclosure of intrinsic connections between the above two types, and all other possible types. This allows the choice of various independent pairs of relative permeability curves as input for a reservoir simulator (CMG's STARS model). Selected experiments were then re-simulated with this matrix formulation. The concept was, for the first time, further generalized systematically to three-phase flow. A scheme and detailed formulations have been developed, allowing a reservoir simulator to deal with a matrix formulation for three-phase flow. These relations were also implemented in CMG's simulator STARS.
Enhancement of light collection through flexible polymeric films patterned using self-assembled photonic crystals

Flexible nanopatterned polymeric thin films are fabricated by a simple and cost-effective soft imprint lithography technique. The use of low-cost self-assembled photonic crystals as structured masters is the highlight of this work. Two types of polymeric films, with and without a dye, are patterned. Both have shown very good anti-reflection properties and the dyed films have also shown a polarization-independent enhancement in the absorption for the normal incidence of light. The structures with smaller features have shown better anti-reflection properties. Angle-dependent reflection measurements show an improved reduction in reflection at larger incidence angles. A maximum reduction in reflection of 11% is obtained from the patterned film in comparison to the bare glass substrate when the light is incident at an angle of 60°. This is very useful in photovoltaic devices as wide-angle anti-reflection coating. The reflection calculated using the effective medium approximation supports the experimental results.
RAGE-Dependent Effect of Exogenous Methylglyoxal Intake on Lung Biomechanics in Mice

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a known highly reactive dicarbonyl and precursor to free radicals and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). It is discussed to be involved in tissue aging and in the pathogenesis of different degenerative diseases. The effect of long-term oral administration of MG, simulating dietary MG intake, on the lung biomechanics of wild type (WT) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products knockout (RAGE-KO) mice was studied using an ex vivo ventilation system starting at the age of 6 months and after feeding for 6 and 12 months with MG. Our results showed that MG was taken up in the circulation and efficiently excreted with urine. The amount of free urinary MG measured after 12 months of feeding was lowered. After 12 months feeding, a significant airway resistance increase accompanied by a decrease of the maximal inspiratory airflow was observed in WT animals. No effect of MG in lung function of RAGE-KO mice could be detected. Despite the evidence that MG entered the systemic circulation, no MG-derived AGE accumulation was detected in the lung lysates in dependency on MG-feeding. Our data indicate that the short-term feeding of MG has little effect in vivo. Only after long-term treatment was MG secretion reduced, leading to tissue impairment.