Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Approaches for the Development of Functional Meat Products

11.1 A Global Perspective on Functional Foods 276 11.2 Options to Design Functional Meat and Meat Products 277 11.3 Animal Production Strategies for Improving the Nutritional Profiles of Raw Meat 279 11.3.1 Genetics for the Reduction of Animal Fats 279 11.3.2 Dietary Feed Formulation for the Modification of Animal Fats 280 11.3.2.1 Manipulation of Fatty Acids in Pigs 280 11.3.2.2 Manipulation of Fatty Acids in Ruminants 283 11.3. 3 Dietary Enrichment in Compounds of Specific Nutritional Interest 285 11.3. 3.1 Vitamins and Antioxidants 285 11.3. 3.2 Minerals 285 11.4 Processing Strategies for Developing Functional Meat Products 286 11.4. 1 Reduction of Specific Unhealthy Compounds 287 11.4. 1.1 Fat and Cholesterol 287 11.4. 1.2 Sodium 288 11.4. 1.3 Allergens 291 11.4. 2 Promoting the Presence of Specific Healthy Compounds 291 11.4. 2.1 Fat and Fatty Acid Profile 291 11.4. 2.2 Proteins, Peptides, and Amino Acids 293 11.4. 2.3 Prebiotics and Probiotics 294 DK3813.book Page 275 Friday, February 10, 2006 10:33 AM
The Group A Streptococcus Interleukin-8 Protease SpyCEP Promotes Bacterial Intracellular Survival by Evasion of Autophagy

Abstract Autophagy serves an innate immune function in defending the host against invading bacteria, including group A Streptococcus (GAS). Autophagy is regulated by numerous host proteins, including the endogenous negative regulator calpain, a cytosolic protease. Globally disseminated serotype M1T1 GAS strains associated with high invasive disease potential express numerous virulence factors and resist autophagic clearance. Upon in vitro infection of human epithelial cell lines with representative wild-type GAS M1T1 strain 5448 (M1.5448), we observed increased calpain activation linked to a specific GAS virulence factor, the interleukin-8 protease SpyCEP. Calpain activation inhibited autophagy and decreased capture of cytosolic GAS in autophagosomes. In contrast, the serotype M6 GAS strain JRS4 (M6.JRS4), which is highly susceptible to host autophagy-mediated killing, expresses low levels of SpyCEP and does not activate calpain. Overexpression of SpyCEP in M6.JRS4 stimulated calpain activation, inhibited autophagy, and significantly decreased bacterial capture in autophagosomes. These paired loss- and gain-of-function studies reveal a novel role for the bacterial protease SpyCEP in enabling GAS M1 evasion of autophagy and host innate immune clearance.
Nonconvex variational approach for simultaneously recovering cartoon and texture images

Abstract. Many real-world applications in image processing and computer vision require splitting an input image into a cartoon component and a texture component. We propose a nonconvex variational image decomposition model for simultaneously recovering cartoon and texture images. To induce the sparsity of gradient norms of the cartoon image more strongly than the classical total variation regularization, we applied the nonconvex firm penalty function as a regularizer for the cartoon image. The nonconvex firm penalty regularizer function has a better ability to separate the piecewise constant component with neat edges. The G-norm was used as an oscillating prior for the texture image. Converting the proposed optimization model to a constrained problem by variable splitting, we addressed it with the alternating direction method of multipliers. Experimental results and comparisons were given to verify the superiority of existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of correlation, peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, and visual quality. Finally, we demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model by several applications such as image abstraction and pencil sketching, artifact removal, image denoising, image composition, and detail enhancement.
Theory of the frustration effect in spin glasses: I

A rolling bolster system for a press in which the press has a press frame with a bed. The press frame is provided with at least one side opening for access to the press bed. Tracks in the form of grooves are formed in the top of the press bed and further tracks are provided externally of the press bed aligned with the tracks on the bed. The tracks engage support rollers provided on a bolster which can be rolled on the tracks into working position in the press frame and rolled out of the press frame for access to die members mounted on the bolster. When the bolster is rolled into the press frame, track sections provided in the tracks formed in the press bed are lowered, thereby setting the bolster down directly on the press bed and in which position the bolster can be fixedly secured to the press bed.
Application of Uniform Matrix Product State to Quantum Phase Transition with a Periodicity Change (Proceedings of International Workshop on Heavy Fermions : TOKIMEKI 2011)

As a method beyond the mean-field analysis, a matrix product state (MPS) with incommensurate periodicity is applied to detection of phase transitions accompanied with periodicity change. The incommensurate MPS is constructed by acting local-spin-rotation operators with the incommensurate periodicity on a uniform MPS. As a commensurate/commensurate change, we calculate the partial ferro–perfect ferro phase transition in the S =1/2 Heisenberg model and its critical exponent of the magnetization curve. As a commensurate/incommensurate change, we calculate the S =1 Heisenberg model with bilinear and biquadratic interactions which has periodicity change in the spin–spin correlation function.
The Importance of Semi-Major Axis Knowledge in the Determination of Near-Circular Orbits

Modem orbit determination has mostly been accomplished using Cartesian coordinates. This usage has carried over in recent years to the use of GPS for satellite orbit determination. The unprecedented positioning accuracy of GPS has tended to focus attention more on the system's capability to locate the spacecraft's location at a particular epoch than on its accuracy in determination of the orbit, per se. As is well-known, the latter depends on a coordinated knowledge of position, velocity, and the correlation between their errors. Failure to determine a properly coordinated position/velocity state vector at a given epoch can lead to an epoch state that does not propagate well, and/or may not be usable for the execution of orbit adjustment maneuvers. For the quite common case of near-circular orbits, the degree to which position and velocity estimates are properly coordinated is largely captured by the error in semi-major axis (SMA) they jointly produce. Figure 1 depicts the relationships among radius error, speed error, and their correlation which exist for a typical low altitude Earth orbit. Two familiar consequences are the relationship Figure 1 shows are the following: (1) downrange position error grows at the per orbit rate of 3(pi) times the SMA error; (2) a velocity change imparted to the orbit will have an error of (pi) divided by the orbit period times the SMA error. A less familiar consequence occurs in the problem of initializing the covariance matrix for a sequential orbit determination filter. An initial covariance consistent with orbital dynamics should be used if the covariance is to propagate well. Properly accounting for the SMA error of the initial state in the construction of the initial covariance accomplishes half of this objective, by specifying the partition of the covariance corresponding to down-track position and radial velocity errors. The remainder of the in-plane covariance partition may be specified in terms of the flight path angle error of the initial state. Figure 2 illustrates the effect of properly and not properly initializing a covariance. This figure was produced by propagating the covariance shown on the plot, without process noise, in a circular low Earth orbit whose period is 5828.5 seconds. The upper subplot, in which the proper relationships among position, velocity, and their correlation has been used, shows overall error growth, in terms of the standard deviations of the inertial position coordinates, of about half of the lower subplot, whose initial covariance was based on other considerations.
Adversarial Speech Generation and Natural Speech Recovery for Speech Content Protection

With the advent of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and increasing privacy concerns, the sharing of speech data is faced with significant challenges. Protecting the sensitive content of speech is the same important as the voiceprint. This paper proposes an effective speech content protection method by constructing a frame-by-frame adversarial speech generation system. We revisited the adversarial examples generating method in the recent machine learning field and selected the phonetic state sequence of sensitive speech for the adversarial examples generation. We build an adversarial speech collection. Moreover, based on the speech collection, we proposed a neural network-based frame-by-frame mapping method to recover the speech content by converting from the adversarial speech to the human speech. Experiment shows our proposed method can encode and recover any sensitive audio, and our method is easy to be conducted with publicly available resources of speech recognition technology.
ICT SUPPORTING HEALTHCARE FOR CHINESE ELDERLY AT ICT SUPPORTING HEALTHCARE FOR CHINESE ELDERLY AT HOME: PERSPECTIVES OF INFORMAL CAREGIVERS AND HOME: PERSPECTIVES OF INFORMAL CAREGIVERS AND PROFESSIONALS PROFESSIONALS

Informal caregivers are a significant resource when elderly people need assistance and support to remain living at home. Today, state-of-the-art technology provides the possibilities of applying ways to ease the workload and make it possible to stay at home instead of living in an institutional care setting, such as hospitals or special sheltered accommodations. The current study analysed how information and communication technology (ICT) could support healthcare in Chinese homes from the perspectives of informal caregivers and healthcare professionals. The study focused on elderly people who benefit from caregiving or need personal assistance to help them live at home. A mapping study was conducted to identify existing ICT solutions, and qualitative semi-structured interviews were performed to obtain the perspectives of informal caregivers and professionals. The contributions were identified as objectives of using ICT solutions, relatives’ feedback on ICT solutions, opinions about popular ICT solutions and thoughts about future ICT solutions. The empirical study revealed that alarming, communication, monitoring, positioning and assistance are the most important reasons to acquire and apply ICT-based support for elderly people living at home.
Multiplicity among solar–type stars III. Statistical properties of the F7–K binaries with periods up to 10 years (cid:63)

Two CORAVEL radial velocity surveys – one among stars in the solar neighbourhood, the other in the Pleiades and in Praesepe – are merged to derive the statistical properties of main–sequence binaries with spectral types F7 to K and with periods up to 10 years. A sample of 89 spectroscopic orbits was ﬁnally obtained. Among them, 52 relate to a free–of–bias selection of 405 stars (240 ﬁeld stars and 165 cluster stars). The statistics corrected for selection e ﬀ ects yield the following results: (1) No discrepancy is found between the binaries among ﬁeld stars and the binaries in open cluster. The distributions of mass ratios, of periods, the period–eccentricity diagram and the binary frequencies are all within the same error intervals. (2) The distribution of mass ratios presents two maxima: a broad peak from q (cid:25) 0 . 2 to q (cid:25) 0 . 7, and a sharp peak for q > 0 . 8 (twins). Both are present among the early–type as well as among the late–type part of the sample, indicating a scale–free formation process. The peak for q > 0 . 8 gradually decreases when long–period binaries are considered. Whatever their periods, the twins have eccentricities signiﬁcantly lower than the other binaries, conﬁrming a di ﬀ erence in the formation processes. Twins could be generated by in situ formation followed by accretion from a gaseous envelope, whereas binaries with intermediate mass ratios could be formed at wide separations, but they are made closer by migration led by interactions with a circumbinary disk. (3) The frequency of binaries with P < 10 years is about 14%. (4) About 0.3% of binaries are expected to appear as false positives in a planet search. Therefore, the frequency of planetary systems among stars is presently 7 + 4 − 2 %. The extension of the distribution of mass ratios in the planetary range would result in a very sharp and very high peak, well separated from the binary stars with low mass ratios.
Is Messier 74 a barred spiral galaxy? Near-infrared imaging of M 74

We have obtained ground-based I , J and K band images of the spiral galaxy, Messier 74 (NGC 628). This galaxy has been shown to possess a circumnuclear ring of star formation from both near-infrared spectroscopy of CO absorption and sub-millimetre imaging of CO emission. Circumnuclear rings of star formation are believed to exist only as a result of a bar potential. In this paper we show evidence for a weak oval distortion in the centre of M 74. We use the results of Combes & Gerin (1985) to suggest that this weak oval potential is responsible for the circumnuclear ring of star formation observed in M 74.
A Scale Invariant Exact Algorithm for Dense Rectangle Packing Problems

The Rectangle-Packing problem is as follows: De-cide whether a given set of rectangles can be orthogonally packed into a given larger rectangle. This problem is known to be NP-complete. Over the last decades several exponential time exact algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. In this paper we suggest a new exact algorithm to solve the Rectangle-Packing problem. The advantage of our algorithm is that its runtime depends on the number of rectangles in the input only but not on their sizes. Moreover, our algorithm outperforms existing algorithms on dense infeasible instances. With our algorithm we are for the ﬁrst time able to solve the instances with 28, 32, 33, 34, 47, and 48 squares of a well known square packing benchmark.
The isovector imaginary neutron potential: a key ingredient for the r‐process nucleosynthesis

The isovector contribution to the imaginary component of the microscopic optical model potential is adjusted on experimental neutron strength function data. Within the Bruckner–Hartree–Fock approximation of Jeukenne‐Lejeune‐Mahaux, it is shown that experimental data favours a strong isovector component that can have a drastic impact on the radiative neutron capture cross section for neutron‐rich nuclei. If confirmed, this result strongly inhibits the resonant capture by exotic nuclei, so that the traditional r‐process picture of the fast neutron captures during the nucleosynthesis r‐process needs to be revisited in depth.
WAVELET-BASED GRID GENERATION

Wavelets can provide a basis set in which the basis functions are constructed by dilating and translating a fixed function known as the mother wavelet. The mother wavelet can be seen as a high pass filter in the frequency domain. The process of dilating and expanding this high-pass filter can be seen as altering the frequency range that is ``passed'''' or detected. The process of translation moves this high-pass filter throughout the domain, thereby providing a mechanism to detect the frequencies or scales of information at every location. This is exactly the type of information that is needed for effective grid generation. This paper provides motivation to use wavelets for grid generation in addition to providing the final product: source code for wavelet-based grid generation.
High reflective diffraction grating for ultrafast pulse compression

A diffraction grating based on all-dielectric multi-layer structure is designed for compression of ultrafast pulses with spectrum centered at 900 nm. The grating at Littrow angle with an out-of-plane configuration shows more than 96% efficiency over the reflective band of 100 nm for the angle of incidence 41 degrees. We suggest grating grooves and the very first layer under the grooves to be made of fused silica. Reflective mirror under corrugated layer is designed as a stock of three types of dielectric nanolayers. Tolerances for groove depth and angle of incidence are estimated and, optimal duty-cycle parameter is found out. Electric field distribution inside of the grating is also numerically studied. The model is simulated by two methods: numerical Fourier Modal Method in LightTrans Virtual Lab and semi-analytical Volume Integral Equation Method. The results obtained by both methods show an excellent agreement.
Kinase Itk Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity by the Tyrosine Differential Regulation of Human NK

NK cells are effector lymphocytes that can recognize and eliminate virally infected and transformed cells. NK cells express distinct activating receptors, including an ITAM-containing FcR complex that recognizes Ab-coated targets, and the DNAX-activating protein of 10 kDa-containing NKG2D receptor complex that recognizes stress-induced ligands. The regulatory role of speciﬁc tyrosine kinases in these pathways is incompletely understood. In this study, we show that, in activated human NK cells, the tyrosine kinase IL-2-inducible T cell kinase (Itk), differentially regulates distinct NK-activating receptors. Enhanced expression of Itk leads to increases in calcium mobilization, granule release, and cytotoxicity upon stimulation of the ITAM-containing FcR, suggesting that Itk positively regulates FcR-initiated cytotoxicity. In contrast, enhanced Itk expression decreases cytotoxicity and granule release downstream of the DNAX-activating protein of 10 kDa-containing NKG2D receptor, suggesting that Itk is involved in a pathway of negative regulation of NKG2D-initiated granule-mediated killing. Using a kinase mutant, we show that the catalytic activity of Itk is required for both the positive and negative regulation of these pathways. Complementary experiments where Itk expression was suppressed also showed differential regulation of the two pathways. These ﬁndings suggest that Itk plays a complex role in regulating the functions initiated by distinct NK cell-activating receptors. Moreover, understanding how these pathways may be differentially regulated has relevance in the setting of autoimmune diseases and antitumor immune responses where NK cells play key regulatory roles. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 178: 3575–3582.
Nemertopsis Lineus VALIDADE DAS ESPÉCIES, FLUXO GÊNICO E DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA NA COSTA BRASILEIRA Nemertopsis VALIDITY OF SPECIES, GENE FLOW AND GENETIC DIVERSITY ON BRAZILIAN COAST

Understanding the main factors influencing connectivity among marine animal populations has been the subject of several studies for decades, with the mobility of individuals being recognized as one of the determining factors. Species with long larval development (e.g. planktotrophic) usually have better connected populations than species with direct or short larval development (e.g. lecithotrophic), due to their greater dispersal capacity. However, other bionomic features and the environment also have a major influence on connectivity. In addition, the perception of population connectivity can also be affected by the presence of cryptic species, since such species can have extreme morphological similarity. Thus, the present work evaluated how environmental heterogeneity influences the connectivity of species with different reproductive modes, through comparative landscape genomics techniques. For this purpose, we used the species Perinereis ponteni (Polychaeta, with sexual reproduction and lecithotrophic larvae), Lineus sanguineus (Heteronemertea, with asexual and sexual reproduction, and lecithotrophic larvae) and Nemertopsis bivittata (Hoplonemertea, with sexual reproduction, and presumably planktotrophic larvae). In order to guarantee the monophyly of all species, the populations studied were taxonomically assessed. In this sense, we sampled populations along the Brazilian coast. The collected animals were used in DNA extraction for SNPs prospection, using the Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technique. Furthermore, we followed the behavior and larval development of the hoplonemertean Emplectonema viride as a proxy for the development of N. bivittata , since both are from the Emplectonematidae family and live in extremely similar environments. However, the species N. bivittata is actually a complex of species, with three distinct evolutionary units on the Brazilian coast. These were described as, Nemertopsis berthalutzae , Nemertopsis pamelaroeae and Nemertopsis caete , the latter being present only on the coast of Alagoas. The observation of E. viride larval development indicated the presence of planktotrophic larvae, with long development, taking an average of 120 days for quite subtle metamorphosis (noticed mainly by changes in ciliation
The relationship between global X-ray luminosity and flaring on the Sun

The relationship between solar global flaring activity and X-ray luminosity is investigated, as part of a solar-stellar investigation. In keeping with previous suggestions, it is found that the rate of flaring on the Sun is closely related to X-ray luminosity with a positive correlation. This is in contrast to relationships found on dMe stars, and can be interpreted in terms of flare activity both on a microscopic and macroscopic scale varying sympathetically, rather than macroscopic flare energy storage subduing smaller scale energy release. The microscopic activity has significance for outstanding problems such as coronal heating
Evaluation of risk in human interpersonal negotiations

Interacting with others to negotiate how we want to distribute resources is an important part of our life. Considering that not all of our requests are granted, the outcomes of such interactions are, by their nature probabilistic, therefore risky. Here, we propose a cognitive model for evaluation of risk in human interpersonal negotiations based on computational model-based analyses of the proposer behavior in the Ultimatum Game. We asked our participants (acting as proposers) to choose between binary offers covering a wide range of monetary splits, while their opponents accepted or rejected these probabilistically, in relation to their valuation of social-reward distributions. We provide quantitative evidence to suggest that people make dynamic adjustments while evaluating risks during interpersonal negotiations, based on multidimensional inferences they make about their opponents such as opponent’s inferred relative prosociality interacting with one’s own risk attitude, highlighting differences between risk processing in social and non-social contexts. Authors’ Significance Statement Humans are capable of developing sophisticated strategies before entering into a negotiation. This study describes a cognitive/computational mechanism underlying how people evaluate the risk inherent in such uncertain social situations where their terms may be accepted or rejected depending on how the others value them. Surprisingly, despite its everyday and socio-political importance, evaluation of risk in human interpersonal negotiations has not previously been studied using a cognitive/computational framework. In an ecologically valid experimental design, we provide quantitative evidence that people have a dynamic risk-preference in such social interactions, which is influenced by both the mental models they construct about their opponents and their own value-based risk attitude.