Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apparel Consumer Behavior and Circular Economy: Towards a Decision-Tree Framework for Mindful Clothing Consumption

The apparel consumer, one of the vital stakeholders in the apparel supply chain, has a significant role to play in moving the clothing industry in a sustainable direction. From purchasing and care practice to donation and disposal, every step of their decisions impacts the environment. Various internal and external variables influence those decisions, including culture, customs, values, beliefs, norms, assumptions, economy, gender, education and others. Therefore, we believe having a scientific understanding is very important, because consumers need to be aware of what makes eco-conscious apparel behavior; only then will the circular transition be eased. However, the key concern is whether the apparel consumers are aware of this knowledge or not. Therefore, we formulated a prospective study from a life cycle thinking point of view with a key focus on synthesizing apparel consumer behavior concerning clothing acquisition, maintenance and disposal through the circular economy lens. Hence, a circular economy lens framework is proposed, followed by three research questions’ (RQ) formulation: RQ1. What is the current norm of clothing acquisition, maintenance and disposal behavior? ; RQ2. Is apparel consumer clothing acquisition, maintenance and disposal behavior circular-driven? ; RQ3. What is the sustainable way of clothing acquisition, maintenance and disposal? These questions are followed by circular economy lens framework development for apparel consumers. Second, following the research questions, state-of-the-art literature-driven decisions were gathered to form constructive consumer-centric decisions over the apparel lifecycle. Third, building on this synthesis, a critical discussion is offered, following the decision-tree approach to inform relevant behavioral guidelines for consumers and other stakeholders in the apparel supply chain. Overall, our findings on apparel consumer behavior through the circular economy lens could serve as new guidelines for consumers to exercise mindful clothing consumption behavior.
The L-series of Certain Rigid Calabi–Yau Threefolds

The L-series of two Calabi–Yau three-folds are found. In each case it is shown that the middle cohomology has dimension 2, and that (up to Euler factors at primes of bad reduction) the Mellin transform of the L-series of the middle cohomology is given by a modular form of weight four.
Advantages and limitations of LSO scintillator in nuclear physics experiments

Light yield, light pulse shape due to /spl gamma/-rays and /spl alpha/-particles, energy and time resolutions for three different samples of the LSO scintillator were studied using an XP2020Q photomultiplier and an S3590-03 photodiode. Light yield of 4200/spl plusmn/200 phe/MeV and 18500/spl plusmn/900 e-h pair/MeV were measured for the PM tube and the photodiode, respectively. The light pulse shape exhibits a pure exponential decay with a time constant of 47.2/spl plusmn/1.3 ns for both /spl gamma/-rays and /spl alpha/-particles. Energy resolutions of 10% and 14.6% for the 662 keV /spl gamma/-rays from a /sup 137/Cs source were obtained for the photomultiplier and the photodiode readout, respectively. A time resolution of 180 ns was observed for /sup 60/Co /spl gamma/-rays at 1 MeV threshold and 400 ps for 100 keV threshold. The study confirmed a number of advantages of the LSO scintillator for nuclear physics experiments, however, for small size samples. <<ETX>>
Adjoint-based optimization of steady suction for disturbance control in incompressible flows

The optimal distribution of steady suction needed to control the growth of single or multiple disturbances in quasi-three-dimensional incompressible boundary layers on a flat plate is investigated. The evolution of disturbances is analysed in the framework of the parabolized stability equations (PSE). A gradient-based optimization procedure is used and the gradients are evaluated using the adjoint of the parabolized stability equations (APSE) and the adjoint of the boundary layer equations (ABLE). The accuracy of the gradient is increased by introducing a stabilization procedure for the PSE. Results show that a suction peak appears in the upstream part of the suction region for optimal control of Tollmien–Schlichting (T–S) waves, steady streamwise streaks in a two-dimensional boundary layer and oblique waves in a quasi-three-dimensional boundary layer subject to an adverse pressure gradient. The mean flow modifications due to suction are shown to have a stabilizing effect similar to that of a favourable pressure gradient. It is also shown that the optimal suction distribution for the disturbance of interest reduces the growth rate of other perturbations. Results for control of a steady cross-flow mode in a three-dimensional boundary layer subject to a favourable pressure gradient show that not even large amounts of suction can completely stabilize the disturbance.
Pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs used to treat uncomplicated malaria in breastfeeding mother-infant pairs: An observational pharmacokinetic study

Background: Data surrounding the exposure of the breastfed infant to drugs and any associated risks are sparse. Drugs usually are transferred to milk in small quantities, and many have been used without obviously noticeable infant toxicity for many years – this lack of a ‘safety signal’ has further reduced the interest in studying mother-to-infant transfer of the drugs. In sub-Saharan Africa, pregnant women are at risk of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and one in four women have evidence of placental infection at the time of delivery. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs), primarily artemether-lumefantrine (AL), are the current first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, with the same dosing recommendations in breastfeeding women as those in the adult population. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is routinely used as an alternative to AL in Uganda. However, lactation pharmacokinetics (PK) of ACTs are unknown. Pharmacokinetic characterization of anti-malarial transfer to breast milk and breastfed infants is crucial in understanding the potential consequences to the infant, in terms of therapeutic- and prophylactic effects as well as potential toxicity. Methods: This observational study will enroll 30 mother-infant pairs, and aims to characterize the breastmilk transfer of antimalarial medications (AL and DP) to infants when these ACTs are administered to mothers as part of treatment for uncomplicated malaria. In addition, we will assess the mental health of the breastfeeding mothers enrolled as well as the well-being of their children. PK samples of maternal blood, breastmilk and breastfeeding infant’s blood will be obtained at specific times points. Pharmacokinetic data will be analyzed using a population pharmacokinetic approach. Conclusions: We anticipate that findings from this research will guide to develop a PK model describing lumefantrine and piperaquine disposition and will provide a framework to foster other lactation pharmacokinetic studies in different disease areas.
Special Aspects of Nitrocellulose Molar Mass Determination by Dynamic Light Scattering

The dynamic light scattering method was successfully applied to determine the molar mass of nitrocellulose. The methodology of nitrocellulose fractionation in acetonic solutions is described in detail; six polymer fractions with monomodal distribution were obtained. It was shown that the unfractionated colloxylin with polymodal molar mass distribution had mass average molecular mass values of 87.3 ± 14.1, 28.3 ± 7.3, and 0.54 ± 0.17 kDa when investigated by the dynamic light scattering method. The viscometric method only provided integral viscosity average molar mass equal to 56.7 ± 5.8 kDa.
Electrohydrodynamic instabilities and the energy spread of ions drawn from liquid metals

This paper aims at shedding some light on the beam energy spread versus current curves of liquid metal ion sources (LMISs). Although Knauer's collisionless space-charge broadening model originally gave almost perfect agreement with experiment, deviations were discovered later at low and high currents. To make matters worse, as more metals were investigated, complete disagreement was found in certain cases. Although the low-current deviation from Knauer's model is not well understood and only tentative explanations can be given, the high-current deviation has been explained in terms of a self-sustaining instability that sets in at a critical current, the value of which varies greatly from metal to metal. This instability violates a basic premise of Knauer's model, namely that the ions' paths do not cross after their emission. Calculations show that, for metals for which there is total disagreement with Knauer's model, the instability sets in almost from the onset. An important result of this work is the development of a stability criterion for LMISs. It is shown that a low evaporation field and a high surface tension are two principal factors that improve stability. The stability is also affected, to a lesser extent, by the liquid density and charge-to-mass ratio of the ions.
On estimating distribution functions and quantiles from survey data using auxiliary information

SUMMARY Ratio and difference estimators of a population distribution function under a general sampling design are obtained, using auxiliary population information. The relative mean errors and relative mean square errors of these estimators and a model-based estimator of Chambers & Dunstan (1986) are compared through a simulation study. The advantages of the design-based estimators over the model-based estimator under model misspecifications, especially for large samples, are demonstrated. Ratio and difference estimators of a population quantile are also studied.
Regulating Robo-Advisors in Insurance Distribution: Lessons from the Insurance Distribution Directive and the AI Act

Insurance distributors are increasingly using robo-advisors for a variety of tasks, ranging from facilitating communication with customers to providing substantive advice. Like many other AI-empowered applications, robo-advisors have the potential to pose substantial risks that should be regulated and corrected by legal instruments. In this article, we attempt to discuss the regulation of robo-advisors from the perspective of the Insurance Distribution Directive and the draft AI Act. We ask two questions for each. (1) From a positive legal perspective, what obligations are imposed on insurance distributors by the legislation when they deploy robo-advisors in their business? (2) From a normative perspective, are the incumbent provisions within that legislation effective at ensuring the ethical and responsible use of robo-advisors? Our results show that neither the Insurance Distribution Directive nor the AI Act adequately address the emerging risks associated with robo-advisors. The rules implicated by them regarding the use of robo-advisors for insurance distribution are inconsistent, disproportionate, and implicit. Legislators shall further address these issues, and authorities such as EIOPA and national competent authorities must also participate by providing concrete guidelines.
Koszulity of Algebras with Nonpure Resolutions

We discuss certain homological properties of graded algebras whose trivial modules admit nonpure resolutions. Such algebras include both of Artin–Schelter regular algebras of types (12221) and (13431). Under certain conditions, a module with nonpure resolution is decomposed to form an extension by two modules with pure resolutions.
Formal analytic continuation of Gel’fand’s finite dimensional representations of gl(n,C)

The article contains three results: I. It is shown that among the 2−n n! (n+1) ! discrete series of representations of the Lie algebra gl(n,C) of complex n×n matrices described in the literature, the majority are not representations at all. Thus for n=3 and 4 one has respectively 12 and 45 series of representations instead of 18 and 180. II. In addition to the p+1 discrete unitary series of representations of u(p,q) [the Lie algebra of the group U(p,q), p? q, and p+q=n] there exist other discrete series of gl(n,C) which become unitary when restricted to its real subalgebra u(p,q). For n=3 there are four such series all corresponding to the chain u(2,1) ⊆u(1,1) ⊆u(1); for n=4 there exist six such series for u(3,1) and four series for u(2,2). Furthermore, some of the gl(n,C) series whose restriction to the real case do not provide unitary representations in general, do contain (infinitely many) particular representations which are unitary. Such unitary representations are contained inside of two of the four .
Perpendicular magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayers: Theoretical model and discussion (invited)

After a general introduction describing the mechanisms of the current perpendicular to the layer plane magnetoresistance (CPP‐MR), a microscopic model based on the Boltzmann equation is presented and a general expression of the magnetoresistance is derived in which the spin diffusion length appears as the unique scaling length of the problem. In the limit where the spin diffusion lengths are much larger than the layer thicknesses, the expression of the CPP‐MR becomes very simple and similar to that already used at Michigan State University for the analysis of experimental results. Out of this limit, the model predicts a dramatic reduction of the CPP‐MR if the spin diffusion lengths are shortened sufficiently by paramagnetic impurities or spin‐orbit scatterers. Finally, a calculation is presented of the spin‐dependent interface resistances involved in the model and related to interface potential steps, and experimental data are compared.
Hopf Bimodules, Coquasibialgebras, and an Exact Sequence of Kac

Abstract Based on the ideas of Tannaka–Krein reconstruction, we present a categorical construction that assigns to any cleft Hopf algebra inclusion K ⊂ H a coquasibialgebra having K * as a Hopf subalgebra. As a special case, the construction gives an intrinsic connection between the bismash product K # Q and the double cross- product Q ⋈ K * constructed from the same combinatorial data. A cocommutative coquasibialgebra is the same as a cocommutative bialgebra equipped with a Sweedler three-cocycle. Thus our construction assigns to every bicrossproduct (or Hopf algebra extension) of a commutative and a cocommutative factor a corresponding cocommutative double crossproduct equipped with a Sweedler three-cocycle. Based on this observation we use the construction to prove generalizations of Kac's exact sequence for the group of Hopf algebra extensions of a group algebra by a dual group algebra.
Modifications of the Slow Start Algorithm to Improve TCP Performance Over Large Delay Satellite Channels

The paper presents a study and performance analysis of a modified version of the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) over a GEO (Geostationary Orbit) satellite link. The Round Trip Time (RTT) is above 500 ms. The high delay to receive acknowledgements decreases the performance of the TCP but, if the application field has a limited extension (as it is the test-bed emulated in this paper) the characteristics of the links and of the devices traversed are well known and the congestion aspects may be treated differently than in a large cable network, where the number of devices in the path is difficult to control. So, even if the performance of TCP is not satisfying, improvements can be obtained by properly tuning some parameters and modifying algorithms. A new increase function of the slow start algorithm is introduced in the paper. It is called MTSI—Multi Threshold Smoothed Increase. The performance is measured by the throughput in bytes/s and by the overall transmission time. An ftp-like application designed for the aim has represented the reference application. The performance analysis is carried out by using both a real satellite test-bed and a satellite network emulator. The new proposal is compared with different strategies already in the literature, including the TCP New Reno, configurations with augmented buffer and initial window and transport layer solutions already adapted for the satellite environment. The analysis has included both the single and the multiple application case, where several connections share the satellite link at the same time. The file transfer dimension is varied along with the bandwidth available and the advantage of the new proposal depending on these two parameters is also evidenced. The performance has been measured both in clear sky condition (no packet loss) and during loss situations.
A GHOST IMAGE OF SIRIUS AS A HIDING PLACE FOR A NEW STAR CLUSTER

A hitherto unreported open star cluster of small angular extent (̃2.5 arc min), located within the "ghost" image of Sirius, was identified on the Palomar Sky Survey print no. 1343. The cluster was also examined on a copy of an ESO (B)plate and is found to he rich (n ̃ 140 members), slightly reddened (AV ̃ 1), and distant (d ≳ 4 kpc).
False Detections Revising Algorithm for Millimeter Wave Radar SLAM in Tunnel

Millimeter wave (MMW) radar simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology is an emerging technology in a tunnel vehicle accident rescue scene. It is a powerful tool for statistic-trapped vehicle detection with limited vision caused by darkness, heat, and smoke. A variety of SLAM frameworks have been proven to be able to obtain 3-degree-of-freedom (3-dof) pose estimation results using 2-dimention (2D) MMW radar in open space. In the application of millimeter wave radar for pose estimation and mapping in a closed environment, closed space structures and artificial targets together constitute high-intensity multi-path scattering measurement data, leading to radar false detections. Radar false detections caused by multi-path scattering are generally considered to be detrimental to radar applications, such as multi-target tracking. However, few studies analyze the mechanism of multi-path effects on radar SLAM, especially in closed spaces. In order to address the problem, this paper first presents a radar multi-path scattering theory to study the generation mechanism difference of false and radar true detection and their influences on radar SLAM 2D pose estimation and mapping in tunnel. According to the scattering mechanism differences on SLAM, a radar azimuth scattering angle signature is proposed, which allows distinguishing radar false detections from real ones. This is useful in avoiding using unreliable radar false detections to solve a radar SLAM problem. In addition, two different radar false detection revising methods combined with the CSM (correlative scan matching) algorithm are proposed in this paper. The HTMR-CSM (hard-threshold-multi-path-revised correlative scan matching) algorithm only depends on a hard threshold of radar azimuth scattering angle signature to eliminate all radar false detections as much as possible before CSM. Another idea is the STMR-CSM (soft-threshold-multi-path-revised correlative scan matching) algorithm. All the radar false detections are classified according to the distribution model of radar azimuth accuracy, and part of more reliable radar false detections are retained to estimate a more accurate pose. All the ideas in this paper are validated by using an MMW 2D radar mounted on a rail-guided robot in a tunnel. Two cars on fire were set as the targets. The experimental results show that the STMR-CSM algorithm that keeps the reliable radar false detections improves the positioning accuracy by 20% compared with CSM.
White-light-emitting CdSe quantum dots synthesized at room temperature

White-light-emitting CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized at room temperature (RT, ∼23°C) using an organometallic colloidal growth process. These QDs are characterized by high and reproducible quantum yields (ΦPL∼0.4) as well as by unusual spectral broadening [full width at half maximum (FWHM) ∼150nm) despite of their observed size monodispersity. Surface functionalization of these quantum dots using mercaptosuccinic acid made them soluble in water. A change of color together with an enhancement in ΦPL was observed upon surface functionalization.
Bias stress stability of indium gallium zinc oxide channel based transparent thin film transistors

The effects of bias stress on transistor performance are important when considering nontraditional channel materials for thin film transistors. Applying a gate bias stress to indium gallium zinc oxide transparent thin film transistors was found to induce a parallel threshold voltage shift without changing the field effect mobility or the subthreshold gate voltage swing. The threshold voltage change is logarithmically dependent on the duration of the bias stress implying a charge tunneling mechanism resulting in trapped negative charge screening the applied gate voltage.
DSMC Simulation of Non-Premixed Combustion of H2/O2 in a Y-shaped Microchannel

Combustion at the microscale shows an immeasurable potential in the fields of energy utilization and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) due to its novel combustion characteristics. Studying the mechanism of this kind of combustion is of great significance for deepening the understanding of microcombustion phenomena and designing related devices. In this article, the non-premixed combustion of H2/O2 in a two-dimensional Y-shaped microchannel with a height of 10 μm was numerically studied using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The total collision energy (TCE) model and a kinetic mechanism including six species and seven reversible reactions were employed. Predicted distributions of velocity, temperature, heat flux, and components inside the microchannel are presented and analyzed. Influences of the Knudsen number and wall surface conditions on the combustion characteristics are discussed. The results show that the exothermic reaction mainly takes place in the junction area of the branch channels and in the first half of the main channel, and the wall heat flux at the microscale is much higher than that at the conventional scale. This is helpful to effectively heat and ignite the gaseous H2/O2 mixture. Moreover, the conversions and distributions of individual components in the flow field are mainly controlled by the chemical kinetics; the Kn number and different wall conditions have a sophisticated influence on the combustion process.
Structural and magnetic properties of epitaxially grown Ge1−xFex thin films: Fe concentration dependence

Ge1−xFex films (x=2.0%–24.0%) grown by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy were shown to have a diamond-type crystal structure without any other crystallographic phase of precipitates, although they contain slightly nonuniform Fe distribution and tiny stacking fault defects. The lattice constant decreases linearly with increasing the Fe content x from 0% to 13.0%, and is saturated for x>13.0%. The Curie temperature (TC) increases in proportion to x (⩽13.0%) and is saturated for x>13.0%. The maximum TC value was ∼170K at x>13.0%. The structural and magnetic properties indicate that Ge1−xFex is an “intrinsic” ferromagnetic semiconductor.
A likelihood ratio test for goodness‐of‐fit of recessive and dominant models for case–control studies

Testing goodness‐of‐fit of commonly used genetic models is of critical importance in many applications including association studies and testing for departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Case–control design has become widely used in population genetics and genetic epidemiology, thus it is of interest to develop powerful goodness‐of‐fit tests for genetic models using case–control data. This paper develops a likelihood ratio test (LRT) for testing recessive and dominant models for case–control studies. The LRT statistic has a closed‐form formula with a simple $\chi^{2}(1)$ null asymptotic distribution, thus its implementation is easy even for genome‐wide association studies. Moreover, it has the same power and optimality as when the disease prevalence is known in the population. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 41: 341–352; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada