Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crack Detection and Evolution Law for Rock Mass under SHPB Impact Tests

In order to accurately identify and quantitatively calculate the surface cracks of rock mass under SHPB impact loading, an automatic crack detection algorithm was proposed and evaluated by the experiment. In SHPB experiment, cracks on the rock surface can effectively reflect its current state and better analyze the damage process. Firstly, the SHPB system was used to impact 12 groups of rock specimens under different impact velocities. A high-frame camera with 50,000 FPS was used to capture the damage process of the rock mass; using the manual annotation method, we got a dataset of SHPB damage images including a total of 310 original images and 310 corresponding cracked annotations. Secondly, a deep convolution network model named CrackSHPB was designed based on a deep learning algorithm. The algorithm can automatically identify the crack on the rock surface during impact damage process and further provide a quantitative result of cracks, crack area. Finally, after the crack on the rock surface in each frame image was identified automatically through the model, cracks were quantitatively analyzed by the proposed algorithm, the growth rate of cracks was calculated, and their evolution law was concluded. The crack identification algorithm proposed in this paper can provide a more accurate quantitative method for rock damage by cracks on the rock surface, and evolution law can further explain the failure process of rock at high strain rate.
The Organizational Roots of the Global Expansion of National Oil Companies

National oil companies (NOCs) have evolved beyond vestiges of an era of resource nationalism and assumed an international presence. Given that managing expensive and risky investments can be a tall task for generally inefficient NOCs, what explains the varying propensity of governments to allow their NOCs to invest abroad? Instead of directly refuting existing neorealist and liberal explanations, I seek to shift the debate towards problems of governance in the energy sector. I argue that the willingness of governments to restrain NOC investments depends on the presence of fragmented national institutions, whereas their ability to do so depends on a centralized energy sector. When the energy sector is also fragmented, governed by multiple entities with overlapping jurisdictions, NOCs can exploit coordination problems among them to escape scrutiny for their investments. To test this argument, I statistically examine oil and gas assets purchases and joint ventures of 78 NOC countries spanning 2000-2012 using a random effects negative binomial model. In one estimate, I find that an additional unit of national checks is associated with a 26% decrease in the incidence of investments among countries with centralized energy sectors. No such association is found among countries with fragmented energy sectors. ⇤Prepared for 2015 Annual Meeting of International Political Economy Society at Stanford University. I thank Michaël Aklin, Patrick Bayer, Ling Chen, Seung Cho, Ali Cirone, Jeff Colgan, Alexander Cooley, Timothy Frye, Emily Holland, Robert Jervis, Pureum Kim, Sung Eun Kim, Jordan Kyle, Brett Meyer, Mira Rapp-Hooper, Neelanjan Sircar, Mike Smith, Jack Snyder, David Steinberg, Pavithra Suryanarayan, David Szakonyi, Mark Thurber, Johannes Urpelainen, David G. Victor, Bjorn Wee-Gomes, and seminar audiences at Columbia University and School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, for useful comments. I also thank Diandian Jiang and Henry Shi for their generous help in arranging my interviews with SASAC and CNPC personnel in China.
Influence of anthropometric measurement error on the assessment of nutritional status.

URSULA VIANA BAGNI1; CLAUDIO DO CARMO FIALHO JUNIOR2; DENISE CAVALCANTE DE BARROS3 1, 2, 3Centro Colaborador em Alimentacao e Nutricao da Regiao Sudeste / Escola Nacional de Saude Publica / Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. Endereco para correspondencia: Ursula Viana Bagni Rua Leopoldo Bulhoes, 1480 Predio Joaquim Alberto Cardoso de Mello, Sala 103 Manguinhos Rio de Janeiro/RJ – Brasil CEP 21041-210 E-mail: ursulaviana@gmail.com Local de realizacao do trabalho: Laboratorio de Antropometria do Centro de Saude Escola Germano Sinval Faria / Centro Colaborador em Alimentacao e Nutricao da Regiao Sudeste / Escola Nacional de Saude Publica / Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz. BAGNI, U. V. ; FIALHO JUNIOR, C. C. ; BARROS, D. C. Infl uence of anthropometric measurement error on the assessment of nutritional status. Nutrire: rev. Soc. Bras. Alim. Nutr. = J. Brazilian Soc. Food Nutr. , Sao Paulo, SP, v. 34, n. 3, p. 187-200, dez. 2009.
Frequent (cid:2) -Catenin Mutations in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibromas

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) are locally aggressive vascular tumors occurring predominantly in adolescent males. The pathogenesis of JNAs is unknown. Recently, JNAs have been reported to occur at increased frequency among patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, suggesting that alterations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/ (cid:2) - catenin pathway might also be involved in the pathogenesis of sporadic JNAs. We analyzed somatic (cid:2) -catenin and APC gene mutations in 16 sporadic JNAs from nonfamilial adenomatous polyposis patients using immunohistochemistry for (cid:2) -catenin, and direct DNA sequencing for exon 3 of the (cid:2) -catenin gene and the mutation cluster region of the APC gene. Nuclear accumulation of (cid:2) -catenin was diffusely present in the stromal cells but not in the endothelial cells of all 16 JNAs. Activating (cid:2) -catenin gene mutations were present in 75% (12 of 16) of JNAs. Six JNA patients also had recurrent tumors after surgery, and in all cases the (cid:2) -catenin gene status of the recurrent JNA was identical to the initial tumor. No mutations in the mutation cluster region of the APC gene were detected in the four JNAs without (cid:2) -catenin mutations. The high frequency of (cid:2) -catenin mutations in sporadic JNAs and the presence of identical (cid:2) -catenin gene mutations
Viral Infections of the Nervous System

Part 1 General principles: historical background viruses and virus-cell interactions - nature of viruses, virus-cell interactions, virus-virus interations, effects of virus, replication of cells pathogenesis of CNS infections - experimental approaches, entry of viruses, pathways of neurinvasion, neurotropism, neurovirulence immune responses - anatomy of the immune system, immune responses to viruses, immune responses in the CNS, virus clearance from the CNS. Part 2 Acute neurological diseases: meningitis, encephalitis and poliomyelitis - general considerations, enteroviruses, mumps, adenoviruses, parvovirus, arenaviruses, filoviruses, arbviruses, differential diagnosis herpesvirus infections - varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesviruses 6 and 7 rabies postinfectious demyelinating diseases - considerations of mechanisms, postinfectious enecphalomyelitis, Guillan-Barre syndrome other postviral syndromes - virus-induced encephalopahty, Reye syndrome, postpolio syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome. Part 3 Chronic neurological diseases: chronic inflammatory and demyelinating diseases - mechanisms of virus persistence in the CNS, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, progressive rubella panencephalitis, progresive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, possible viral cause of multiple sclerosis, possible viral cuases of other chronic inflammatory diseases retroviruses - nature of retroviruses, human T-cell lymphotrophic viruses, neurological diseases of animal retroviruses human immunodeficiency virus - human immunodeficinecy virus infections, neurological diseases, pathogenesis of neurological diseases, treatment viral infections of the developing nervous sytems - pathogenesis of foetal infections, foetal and neonatal infections in humans, viral teratogenesis in animals degenerative diseases and prions - scrapie, kuru, Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, possible viral causes of human degenerative diseases. Part 4 Other perspectives: cerebal tumours - pathogenesis of cell transformation by viruses, experimental production of cerebal tumous evidence for viruses in human brain tumours neurovirology afield - retinitis, labyrinthitis, myositis, vasculitis prevention and treatment - environmental control, vaccines, antiviral drugs postscripts - in defense of the white mouse, Koch's postulates revisited, emerging viral infections.
A simple method for estimating the quality factor of cylindrical re-entrant cavity of Klystrons

ABSTRACT A simple method for estimation of the unloaded quality factor of single and double re-entrant cylindrical cavities was developed based on Wheeler’s incremental inductance rule. The proposed approach was benchmarked for a Ka-band re-entrant cavity against 3D electromagnetic simulation using CST Studio and also with measurements. The analysis is general and unlike the approach of Fujisawa, it could be extended to analyze the re-entrant cavity comprising dissimilar materials. The effect of surface roughness on the quality factor of the cavity also could be estimated using the present analysis.
Experimental models to study adipose tissue in childhood obesity

Obesity is a major public health concern that has significant repercussions on individuals' well-being and healthcare systems. It is associated with a reduced lifespan and is a risk factor for several chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, coronary heart diseases, and certain types of cancers. The understanding of obesity's underlying physiological mechanisms remains limited, despite its significant impact. Childhood obesity is increasingly prevalent and, like adult obesity, it is closely linked to various metabolic diseases. Given the growing occurrence of obesity in children and its consequential clinical and physiological implications, there is a pressing need for targeted experimental research. It is crucial to employ specific cell and animal models to unravel the molecular and genetic factors that contribute to obesity in this age group. Here, we review the emerging field of childhood obesity, focusing on the different types of adipose tissue, differences between adipose tissue in adults and children, current available experimental models to study adipose tissue in children, and factors involved in the pathogenesis of childhood obesity.
Technology and Transition : The Maghreb at the Crossroads

Part 1 Perspectives in technology and transition: new technologies and changing trends in development - global perspective I, Charles Cooper technology for development - what is appropriate for rich and poor countries - global perspective II, George McRobie science and technology-based development and transition - the African perspective, Layashi Yaker strategies for science and technology-based development and transition - the Maghreb perspective, Abdelkader Djeflat. Part 2 Issues in technology and development in the Maghreb: transfer and use of advanced technology in less-developed countries and impact on organizational change and learning - evidence from Algeria, Mohammed Saad transfer of technology to Algeria by nationals living abroad, Mohammed Said Oukil national innovation systems - the case of the Arab Maghreb Union, Alain Alcouffe performance of the education system and profile of industry demand for skills in Morocco, Mehdi Lehlou tertiary education and technological progress I transitional economies - whither demand pull? Girma Zawdie science, technology and society - what makes the culture of innovation? Riadh Zghal irrigation, agricultural development and economic growth in the Maghreb, N.R. Mansfield, Nicola S. Riddell sustainable energy for development, John Twidell. Part 3 Lessons of experience for the Maghreb: the dynamics in technical change - comparison between the Maghreb and Mexico and the significance of the Maquiladora experience, Denis Requier-Desjardins the Maghreb road to transition - the appeal of the Chinese experience, Farid Benyoucef the role of the state in technology promotion I developing countries - an agenda for Maghreb, Mozammel M. Huq.
Privacy Inequality and IT Identities: The Impact of Different Privacy Inequality and IT Identities: The Impact of Different Privacy Laws Adoptions Privacy Laws Adoptions

Protecting consumers’ personal information is no longer a by -product of business operations. Since 2018, adoption of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Regulation EU 2016/679 has pushed countries to revamp their data privacy laws and regulations. However, many countries are still adopting or lack such privacy laws, leading to an inequality in handling users’ data privacy as a fundamental right. As a result, customers from different countries are developing different IT identities and trust behaviors towards their companies’ privacy practices. This paper aims to examine the reciprocal relationship between countries’ privacy law status and organizations’ privacy practices to better protect customers’ data privacy while enhancing their trust. We aim to answer two research questions: Q1: How can organizations equally protect customers’ Personal Information Privacy (PIP) under different privacy law requirements? Q2: How are users’ self -development of online identities and trust impacted by the adoption of data protection laws? To answer these questions, we attempt to operationalize the IT Identity theory developed by Carter and Grover (2015), built on structural symbolic interactionist identity theories, to conceptualize the notion of IT identity as “the extent to which a person views the use of a hardware device, software application, or software application environment as integral to his or her sense of self” (Carter et al 2020, p. 1315). Carter and Grover (2015) suggest the potential for individuals to develop one (or multiple) IT identities for different IT needs based on the location of their personal, social, and technology networks. Similarly, we argue that it is possible for users to develop different IT identities with different IT, based on their salient privacy expectations formed by the place where they are interacting with these IT. We plan to apply a mixed methodology for data collection and data analysis. First, we plan to utilize a data privacy barometer called “Didomi” 1 to map multiple privacy regulations and data protection laws applied in different countries, from the introduction of
Explainable Prediction of features contributing to Intrusion Detection using ML algorithms and LIME

Intrusion Detection System is software or hardware that checks a network for malicious activities. Each illegal activity is often recorded either centrally using a Security information and event management (SIEM) system or notified to an administration. This paper proposes an intrusion detection system using machine learning algorithms such as decision trees, random forests and explainable AI (XAI) using a real-world Software-Defined Networking (SDN) dataset. The evaluation includes various intrusion scenarios like network scanning, denial of service (DoS) attacks, and unauthorized access attempts. Random Forest exhibits the best performance, achieving an average training accuracy of 99.23%, while the decision tree achieves 98.78% accuracy. The result of this study contributes to the advancement of intrusion detection systems and fosters the development of resilient security solutions in the realm of SDN. The research highlights the importance of leveraging ML algorithms in effectively identifying and mitigating network intrusions, ultimately enhancing the security of SDN environments.
Human-computer Interaction Based Music Emotion Visualization System and User Experience Assessment

The perceptual and auditory standard of music is deeply integrated with the emerging multimedia to a higher degree, thus forming the music visualization. It is a process presentation method, which provides a brand-new way of interpretation and deduction for music appreciation. In this article, the application of computer aided design (CAD) in music emotion visualization system is studied, and a mapping model between music characteristics and emotion for digital music emotion recognition is constructed by combining with convolutional neural network (CNN). Combined with CAD technology, the structural music features are extracted and calculated, and the main melody and auxiliary melody of music are obtained. Then, based on the separated main melody and auxiliary melody, comprehensive visualization design is carried out to realize the visualization method of highlighting the main melody. In the experimental part, the performance of music emotion recognition algorithm is tested and the user experience is assessed. The results show that the simulation accuracy and user interaction experience of this system have achieved good results, which can improve the interaction between CAD design and viewing of music emotion visualization. Compared with the recurrent neural network (RNN), support vector machine (SVM) and other emotion recognition models, this model has a higher recognition rate of music emotion, which is of great significance to the research of music emotion visualization system.
Analysis of Promoting the New Urbanization of Hubei Province Based on PPP Mode

New urbanization construction in Hubei province is suffering multiple barriers due to traditional way such as government borrowing and financial land. Social capital and government cooperation, namely, the PPP model is the best way to solve the present difficulties. In terms of the use of the PPP model and social capital cooperation, Hubei province has carried on some effective attempt. Due to the imperfect laws and regulations system, interest distribution mechanism and risk mechanism are not sound, the effect is not very ideal. To further promote the PPP mode, setting up a sound legal system, income distribution mechanism and risk-sharing mechanism are very necessary and urgent, as well as cooperating with the internationally renowned PPP consultancy.
Technology-Based Gratitude Interventions for Enhancing Mental Health and Well-Being in The Community

In the contemporary society, technology has emerged as a significant tool for fostering emotional expression, particularly in conveying feelings of gratitude, love, and affection towards others and oneself. This review investigated the efficacy of technology-based gratitude interventions in promoting gratitude, enhancing mental health, and improving overall well-being among individuals within the community. Comprehensive search was conducted across various electronic databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ingenta and other sources. Through a rigorous procedure eleven relevant studies were identified, each shedding light on the impact of technology-based gratitude interventions on psychological outcomes. The studies listed different technology-based gratitude interventions such as telehealth services, counseling and psychotherapy platforms, and web-based interventions like daily gratitude writeups on social media, blogging, and gratitude journaling apps. These interventions have proven to be effective in fostering positive psychological changes among individuals from different backgrounds and age groups, making them accessible and scalable mental health tools. Mental health professionals can integrate technology-based gratitude interventions into their practice, providing individuals with practical and engaging strategies. Moreover, the interventions exhibit promise in mitigating psychopathological behaviors, offering promising implications for addressing mental health challenges in the community.
Orbital-scale fluctuations in continental weathering flux and continental ice-volume during greenhouse and icehouse climate intervals : evidence from oxygen and neodymium isotopes

Rapid changes in global and local climate and weather, noticeable over our lifetimes, have spurred heated public and political debate over the cause of these climatic changes, whether or not we can reverse, stop or slow down this process, and how to create adequate models that can predict Earth’s changing climate. To create the most accurate models of future climate, many researchers look to past greenhouse intervals for insight; intervals of time identified by high modeled atmospheric CO2, a lack of glacial deposits, and geologic evidence of globally high sea-levels—all of which suggest little to no glacial ice and a relatively monotonous climate. However, recent stratigraphic and geochemical evidence from the Cretaceous ‘supergreenhouse’ interval document compelling evidence to support dynamic greenhouse climates. The goals of the studies hereafter described are to document and describe orbitalscale (10 4 -10 5 yr) climate fluctuations recorded by δ 18 O as a proxy for glacio-eustasy and sea surface temperature and eNd as a proxy for continental weathering and wet/warm or dry/cool climate during two global greenhouse intervals: the Late Silurian and Late Devonian.
Analysing the Economic Impact of the Olympics Using Stock Market Indices of Host Countries

Hallmark events are defined as those which promote a host city as an international tourism destination (Hall, 1992). They are on a scale that can produce a high performance in tourism, media coverage and economic impact for the host community or destination (Getz, 1997). Moreover, most hallmark events have substantial government commitment. Mega events include religious, cultural, commercial, political and/or sports events. According to Hall (1992), sporting events are the most notable model of hallmark events. The Summer and Winter Olympic Games are identified as mega sports events. Mega sporting events are the most notable model of hallmark events and they have the characteristics of a festival. Traditional sports events like the Olympics always combine ceremonies and festivals (Getz, 1997). A mega event has two main characteristics: internal aspects and external aspects. The internal aspect is mainly its scale while the external aspect is mostly its attractiveness to tourism and the media, and its economic impact on the host city. (Malfas, et al., 2004). Although mega events have a limited duration, they have a huge impact on the host country in terms of tourist volumes, visitor expenditure, heightened awareness and a positive image of the city. There are also related infrastructural and organizational developments, which increase the destination's competence and attractiveness (Fayos-Sola, 1997). As the Olympics are mega event and arguably the most prestigious of all sporting events, the Games are held on a scale that can produce a high performance in tourism, media coverage and economic impact for the host community or destination. The purpose of this paper is to examine the economic impact of the Summer Olympic Games on the host cities using the stock market approach. There are very few studies which examine stock market reactions to mega sporting events selection announcement. Given the benefits of hosting the Olympic Games and the fierce competition which accompanies the selection of host Olympics cities, we would expect a positive (negative) market reaction on the stock exchange of the country which wins (loses) the bid to host the Games. Most of the cities which have hosted the Olympics are already tourist destinations. We will compare the stock market performance of countries which hosted the five Summer Olympic Games from 1988 to 2004. The host countries vary from the large economies of the USA, Japan and France to the smaller economies like South Korea (in the 1980s) and Greece. Hence, the economic impact of the Olympics varies among host cities, depending on the economic scale of the host country in terms of their Gross Domestic Product.