Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Miocene elevation of Mount Everest

The Neogene elevation history of the Mount Everest region is key for understanding the tectonic history of the world's highest mountain range, the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, and climate patterns in East and Central Asia. In the absence of fossil surface deposits such as paleosols, volcanic ashes, or lake sediments, we conducted stable isotope paleoaltimetry based on the hydrogen isotope ratios (dD) of hydrous minerals that were deformed in the South Tibetan detachment shear zone during the late Early Miocene. These minerals exchanged isotopically at high temperature with meteoric water (dDwater = m156p p 5p) that originated as high-elevation precipitation and infiltrated the crustal hydrologic system at the time of detachment activity. When compared to age-equivalent near-sea-level foreland oxygen isotope (d18O) paleosol records (d18Owater = m5.8p p 1.0p), the difference in d18Owater is consistent with mean elevations of g5000 m for the Mount Everest area. Mean elevations similar to modern suggest that an early Himalayan rain shadow may have influenced the late Early Miocene climatic and rainfall history to the north of the Himalayan chain.
The taxonomic status of Lasiurus (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in the Galapagos Islands. American Museum novitates ; no. 3243

Morphological comparisons of the endemic Galapagos bat Lasiurus brachyotis with related taxa indicate that L. brachyotis should be recognized as a subspecies of L. borealis. Morphology suggests that other recognized taxa of the L borealis group, including blossevilli, degelidus, frantzii, minor, pfeifferi, seminolus, teliotis, and varius are members of the same species. Specimens of the only other bat inhabiting the Galapagos are allocated to Lasiurus cinereus villosissimus.
The California Spotted Owl: A Technical Assessment of Its Current Status.

This report is based an the Final Repart submitted on May 8, 1992 by the Technical Assessment Team to the interagency Steering Committee for the California Spotted Owl Assessment. The 13 chapters cover the assessment of the current status of the California spotted owl, its biology and habitat use, and forests where the subspecies occurs in the Sierra Nevada and southern California. The report suggests the direction of future inventories and research, identifies projected trends in habitat, and offers guidelines and recommendation for management of the California spotted owl.
Unveiling genetic diversity and forensic utility of SureID® human DNA identification kits: a comprehensive analysis of 44 autosomal STR loci in English and Irish populations

Abstract Background: Human identification and kinship testing in forensic science rely on Short Tandem Repeat (STR) multiplex kits, typically containing loci recommended by standard sets. However, complementary kits with additional STR loci can be valuable in complex cases. Allele frequency databases specific to the population are essential for accurate forensic analysis. Aim: This study aimed to generate allele frequencies and population genetic data for 44 autosomal STR loci from SureID® PanGlobal and 27comp kits in English and Irish populations for forensic casework, human identification, and kinship testing. Subjects and methods: Buccal swab samples from 645 White Caucasians (365 English, 280 Irish) were collected. DNA was extracted and amplified using the mentioned kits. Quality control, statistical analysis, and genetic distance calculations were performed. Results: Both kits demonstrated robustness with no significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Variant alleles and minor discordances between kits were observed. Syntenic STR pairs were identified but showed no significant linkage. A close genetic relationship was found between English and Irish populations, allowing for combined databases. Conclusions: The SureID® PanGlobal and 27comp kits showed high discriminatory power and reliability in the English and Irish populations. Care is needed when handling variant alleles, discordances, and syntenic loci. Combining data from both populations is feasible for a comprehensive database. Further studies are required to explore their effectiveness in diverse populations.
A New Framework for Effective Urban Land Use and Land Cover Classification: A Wavelet Approach

This study develops a new framework for multi-scale analysis procedures and a new operational wavelet-based algorithm to identify urban classes. For better evaluation of wavelets, traditional classifiers were used: maximum likelihood, Mahalanobis, and minimum distance to identify the same classes. Overall accuracy for maximum likelihood, Mahalanobis, and minimum distance for band-3 and multi-bands were 49%, 43%, 48%, 58%, 56%, and 55%, respectively. However, the wavelet approach with the above measures using Band 3 alone gave much higher accuracies (70%, 80%, and 81%). It can be concluded that the wavelet-based approaches are far more accurate than the traditional classifiers.
Biopsychosocial Correlates and Individual Differences for Eliciting Moral Elevation in Veterans With PTSD

Abstract A promising approach to enhancing trauma-focused treatment is moral elevation—feeling inspired by witnessing a virtuous act. This study explored potential links between eliciting elevation and relevant outcomes in a series of case examples. Veterans with probable posttraumatic stress disorder completed experimental tasks including a written trauma narrative exercise and watching elevation-eliciting videos. Participants also completed baseline assessments, repeated measures of trauma-related cognitions, emotions, elevation, and saliva sample collection. Four cases were identified and reviewed: two positive responders (high elevation after videos) and two nonresponders (restricted elevation response). Positive responder cases reported decreased cognitions, emotions, and moral injury distress from after the trauma narrative to after elevation exercises, whereas nonresponders reported minimal to no changes. Positive responders also demonstrated decreases in cortisol, whereas nonresponders demonstrated increases in cortisol. Future work should examine whether elevation contributes to changes in biopsychosocial outcomes and identify individual factors that indicate who might benefit from elevation-based interventions.
NhaA facilitates the maintenance of bacterial envelope integrity and the evasion of complement attack contributing to extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence

ABSTRACT Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is responsible for severe bloodstream infections in humans and animals. However, the mechanisms underlying ExPEC’s serum resistance remain incompletely understood. Through the transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing approach, our previous study identified nhaA, the gene encoding a Na+/H+ antiporter, as a crucial factor for infection in vivo. In this study, we investigated the role of NhaA in ExPEC virulence utilizing both in vitro models and systemic infection models involving avian and mammalian animals. Genetic mutagenesis analysis revealed that nhaA deletion resulted in filamentous bacterial morphology and rendered the bacteria more susceptible to sodium dodecyl sulfate, suggesting the role of nhaA in maintaining cell envelope integrity. The nhaA mutant also displayed heightened sensitivity to complement-mediated killing compared to the wild-type strain, attributed to augmented deposition of complement components (C3b and C9). Remarkably, NhaA played a more crucial role in virulence compared to several well-known factors, including Iss, Prc, NlpI, and OmpA. Our findings revealed that NhaA significantly enhanced virulence across diverse human ExPEC prototype strains within B2 phylogroups, suggesting widespread involvement in virulence. Given its pivotal role, NhaA could serve as a potential drug target for tackling ExPEC infections.
The terrestrial Permian–Triassic boundary event bed is a nonevent: COMMENT

We welcome the fact that [Gastaldo et al. (2009)][1] have been continuing research in the Karoo of South Africa; those of us who have worked there know how important new research in this area is if we are to ever understand the causes of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction on land. However, here
Microearthquake characteristics and crustal VP/VS structure at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 35°N

We report on the results of a microearthquake experiment conducted at the along-axis bathymetric high of the slow spreading ridge segment near 35°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Of a total of 255 microearthquakes recorded during the 43-day experiment, 31 were located near the Oceanographer transform at the northern end of the segment, 79 occurred at the nontransform offset at the southern end of the segment, and 145 were at the segment center. At the segment center, earthquake epicenters lay within the median valley inner floor and formed a ∼12-km-long trend paralleling a steep scarp bounding the western wall of the inner valley; focal depths were 3-4 km below the seafloor. Most (80%) of the focal mechanisms for 32 segment center earthquakes are consistent with normal faulting on faults approximately parallel to the axial trend. From a joint inversion for hypocenters and P and S wave velocity structures, we determined a horizontally averaged V P /V S ratio that decreases from 2.9 in the shallowmost 300 m to 1.7 at 2-km depth, and we interpret this decrease as indicating a decreasing contribution of thin cracks to fracture porosity with depth. The maximum depth of seismicity, 4 km, is anomalously shallow compared with other MAR segments at which microearthquake experiments have been carried out. Cross-axis relief is also anomalously low for this segment's center, and on the basis of this and other MAR microearthquake experiments, there appears to be a correlation between cross-axis relief and maximum depth of seismicity. From the correlation of cross-axis relief and inferred crustal thickness we suggest a relationship between thick crust, high crustal temperatures, and low cross-axis relief, in qualitative agreement with thermomechanical models for the depth of the axial valley.
The role of the veterinary diagnostic toxicologist in apiary health

Susceptibility of individuals and groups to toxicants depends on complex interactions involving the host, environment, and other exposures. Apiary diagnostic investigation and honey bee health are truly population medicine: the colony is the patient. Here we provide basic information on the application of toxicology to the testing of domestic honey bees, and, in light of recent research, expand on some of the challenges of interpreting analytical chemistry findings as they pertain to hive health. The hive is an efficiently organized system of wax cells used to store brood, honey, and bee bread, and is protected by the bee-procured antimicrobial compound propolis. Toxicants can affect individual workers outside or inside the hive, with disease processes that range from acute to chronic and subclinical to lethal. Toxicants can impact brood and contaminate honey, bee bread, and structural wax. We provide an overview of important natural and synthetic toxicants to which honey bees are exposed; behavioral, husbandry, and external environmental factors influencing exposure; short- and long-term impacts of toxicant exposure on individual bee and colony health; and the convergent impacts of stress, nutrition, infectious disease, and toxicant exposures on colony health. Current and potential future toxicology testing options are included. Common contaminants in apiary products consumed or used by humans (honey, wax, pollen), their sources, and the potential need for product testing are also noted.
Growth of Eucalyptus species in a Brown Kandosol, and changes in soil phosphorus fractionation following fertilisation

As observed with many soils, much of the P in the Brown Kandosol soils of Weipa (Australia) is associated with organic matter. However, following bauxite mining, much of this organic matter is either lost due to mineralisation, or is 'diluted' by the mixing of the soil pro. le. Using a sequential P extraction, the partitioning of P following fertiliser application was examined in an 'undisturbed' (Surface) soil and a Mixed soil. In addition, the effect of split-P applications on the growth of 2 native Eucalyptus species was examined. Following its addition to the soil, much of the P was converted comparatively rapidly to forms with reduced availability; by the time of the. rst measurement (4 weeks) only approximately 10% of the added P remained as the readily available AER-P. For the Surface soil, much of this added P was initially converted to organic P (P(o)) (measured as hydroxide-P(o)), before progressively moving into the hydroxide-P(i) fraction. In comparison, in the mixed soil, competition for P from microbial biomass was lower (due to a lower organic matter content) and the P was rapidly converted to the hydroxide-P(i) fraction before moving to unavailable forms (residual P). Although the use of split-P applications was expected to increase plant growth, maximum growth of Eucalyptus tetrodonta and Eucalyptus leptophleba was generally achieved when all P fertiliser was applied in the. rst few weeks of growth. Indeed, splitting the P application beyond 16 weeks caused a significant reduction in growth.
The affinities of the Late Triassic Cryptovaranoides and the age of crown squamates

Most living reptile diversity is concentrated in Squamata (lizards, including snakes), which have poorly known origins in space and time. Recently, †Cryptovaranoides microlanius from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom was described as the oldest crown squamate. If true, this result would push back the origin of all major lizard clades by 30–65 Myr and suggest that divergence times for reptile clades estimated using genomic and morphological data are grossly inaccurate. Here, we use computed tomography scans and expanded phylogenetic datasets to re-evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of †Cryptovaranoides and other putative early squamates. We robustly reject the crown squamate affinities of †Cryptovaranoides, and instead resolve †Cryptovaranoides as a potential member of the bird and crocodylian total clade, Archosauromorpha. Bayesian total evidence dating supports a Jurassic origin of crown squamates, not Triassic as recently suggested. We highlight how features traditionally linked to lepidosaurs are in fact widespread across Triassic reptiles. Our study reaffirms the importance of critically choosing and constructing morphological datasets and appropriate taxon sampling to test the phylogenetic affinities of problematic fossils and calibrate the Tree of Life.
Linear and nonlinear intraday dynamics between the Eurostoxx-50 and its futures contract

Nos planteamos analizar el comportamiento dinamico lineal y no lineal de los rendimientos intradia del indice bursatil Eurostoxx50 y de su contrato de futuro, los cuales debido a su relativa juventud, no han sido previamente analizados. Realizamos el estudio tanto desde la perspectiva individual como conjunta. Los resultados del contraste BDS indican que las variables no son iid y que la dinamica individual no lineal detectada no puede explicarse unicamente por la presencia de heteroscedasticidad condicional. Para el estudio de las relaciones dinamicas entre los precios de ambos mercados permitimos que el proceso de ajuste ante desequilibrios de la relacion de cointegracion a largo plazo sea no lineal. Constatamos que el Eurostoxx50 y su contrato de futuro estan cointegrados y que el proceso de ajuste no es lineal. Finalmente, encontramos que los flujos de informacion entre mercados son bidireccionales tanto en el ambito lineal como en el no lineal. We set out to analyse the linear and nonlinear dynamic behaviour of intraday returns in the Eurostoxx 50 index and its futures contract which, given their relatively recent appearance, have not yet been analysed. We shall develop our study both from an individual and from a combined approach. The results of the BDS test indicate that the variables are not iid and that the detected nonlinear individual dynamics cannot solely be explained by the presence of conditional heteroskedasticity. For the study of the dynamic relationships between both markets’ prices, we allow the adjustment process to the imbalance of the long term cointegration relationship to be nonlinear. We find cointegration with a nonlinear adjustment process. Finally, we show that the information flow is bidirectional both in the linear as well as in the nonlinear sphere.
On the Footprint of an Iguanodon, lately found at Hastings

The occurrence of ichnites or footprints in the Wealden strata has on previous occasions been brought before the notice of the Geological Society by both Tagart and Beckles; and these remains have also been alluded to by Mantell in his ‘Geology of the Isle of Wight’ (1st edit., 1847, pp. 247, 328). A notice of the recent discovery of similar impressions may be interesting, and may assist in throwing some light upon their nature and character, as well as lead us to some general observations on the strata in which they are found. By the earlier observers these footprints were referred to gigantic birds, but subsequently the probability of their being reptilian has been advanced. This idea is supported by the abundant occurrence of numerous bones of the Iguanodon and other Dinosaurians in the Wealden deposits. By Dr. Mantel's exertions many of these remains were brought before the scientific world; and more lately Professor Owen, in a monograph published by the Palæontographical Society, has figured and described, among other fine specimens, the bones of the foot of a young Iguanodon, obtained by Mr. Beckles in the Isle of Wight. This foot has three toes, measures 21 inches in length and 9½ in width, and would form a print or “spoor” similar in outline to that shown by the imprint now exhibited, and by the several other imprints and natural casts of imprints found in the Wealden rocks. The footprints recently observed near Hastings were upon detached blocks of sand-rock which
Toward Environmental Justice: Spatial Equity in Ohio and Cleveland

Abstract A growing body of research documents the inequitable impact of environmental hazards on poor and minority communities. This paper uses the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Toxic Release Inventory for 1987–1990 and the 1990 Census of Population and Housing to analyze the spatial distribution of toxic industrial pollution and demographic groups in Ohio. In apparent support of the previous body of research, we report high correlations between racial variables and level of toxic release at the county level. The highest levels of toxic release in Ohio occur in the state's most urban counties, fourteen of which contain approximately 90 percent of the state's minority population. However, a census-tract examination of the most urban of these counties, Cuyahoga, reveals no relationships between race and toxicity. The tract-level data do provide some evidence of income-environment inequity, and these findings prompt several methodological advisories for further research. The principal concl.
Intermittent theta burst stimulation for poststroke non-spatial attention deficit: a protocol of prospective, double-blinded, single-centre, randomised controlled trial in China

Introduction Attention deficit is the most common cognitive impairment after stroke, which can significantly hinder the recovery of both other cognitive domains and motor functions. Increasing evidence suggests that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is related to non-spatial attention functions, which indicates that it may be a promising target of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treating poststroke non-spatial attention deficit. Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a modified pattern of rTMS that delivers shorter stimulation times and exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to provide evidence regarding the efficacy of intermittent TBS (iTBS) over the left DLPFC to improve poststroke non-spatial attention deficits and elucidate the potential neurophysiological mechanisms. Methods and analysis In this single-centre, prospective, randomised, sham-controlled clinical trial, patients with non-spatial attention deficits (n=38) received 10 sessions of real iTBS (n=19) or sham iTBS (n=19) over the left DLPFC and a 30-min conventional attention training. Neuropsychological evaluations, electrophysiological examination and neuroimaging scan will be conducted at baseline, postintervention (second week) and 2-week follow-up (fourth week). The primary outcomes are the change in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and the Digital Span Test scores from baseline to the end of the intervention (second week). The secondary outcomes comprise changes in magnetic resonance spectroscopy neuroimaging from baseline to the end of the intervention (second week) as well as attention test batteries (including tests of selective attention, sustained attention, divided attention and shifting attention) and ERP P300 from baseline to endpoint (fourth week). Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee of Tongji Hospital (ID: TJ-IRB20230879). All participants will sign the informed consent. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations. Trial registration number ChiCTR2300068669.
Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration

There is a need for new materials that can stimulate the body's own regenerative mechanisms and heal tissues. Porous templates (scaffolds) are thought to be required for three-dimensional tissue growth. This article discusses bone regeneration and the specifications of an ideal scaffold and the materials that may be suitable. Bioactive glasses have high potential as scaffold materials as they stimulate bone cells to produce new bone, they are degradable in the body and they bond to bone. The two types of bioactive glasses, their mechanisms for bioactivity and their potential for scaffold production are reviewed. Examples of their current clinical use are highlighted.
Cache or Direct Access? Revitalizing Cache in Heterogeneous Memory File System

This paper revisits the value of cache in DRAM-PM heterogeneous memory file systems. The first contribution is a comprehensive analysis of the existing file systems on heterogeneous memory, including cache-based and DAX-based (direct access). We find that the DRAM cache still plays an important role in heterogeneous memory. The second contribution is a cache framework for heterogeneous memory, called FLAC. FLAC integrates the cache with the virtual memory management and proposes two technologies of zero-copy caching and parallel-optimized cache management, which deliver the benefits of fast application-storage data transfer and efficient DRAM-PM data synchronization/migration. We further implement a library file system upon FLAC. Microbenchmarks show that FLAC provides a performance increase of up to two orders of magnitude over existing file systems in file read/write. With a real-world application, FLAC achieves up to 77.4% and 89.3% better performance than NOVA and EXT4, respectively.