Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Luminosity Dependence of Ultraviolet Absorption in Active Galactic Nuclei

We describe the results of a survey of the UV absorption properties of the Boroson & Green sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), which extends from the Seyfert (MV ≃ -21) to the luminous quasar (MV ≃ -27) level. The survey is based mostly on Hubble Space Telescope archival data available for ≳ of the 87 sample objects. Our main result is that soft X-ray-weak quasars (SXWQs; 10 AGNs with αox ≤ -2) show the strongest UV absorption at a given luminosity, and their maximum outflow velocity, vmax, is strongly correlated with MV (rS = -0.95). This suggests that vmax is largely set by the luminosity, as expected for radiation pressure-driven outflows. Luminous SXWQs have preferentially low [O III] luminosity, which suggests that they are physically distinct from unabsorbed AGNs, while non-SXWQs with UV absorption are consistent with being drawn from the unabsorbed AGN population. We also find an indication that vmax/vBLR increases with L/LEdd, as expected for radiation pressure-driven outflows. This relation and the vmax versus MV relation may indicate that the radiation-pressure force multiplier increases with luminosity and that the wind-launching radius in non-SXWQs is ~10 times larger than in SXWQs.
Temperature effects in barium ferrite particles

Barium ferrite particulate media have attracted considerable interest for high density magnetic recording applications because they can be oriented to provide a perpendicular easy axis of magnetization and they can be mass-produced with existing coating facilities. Their perpendicular magnetization endows them with excellent short wavelenght response, but at the same time tends to highlight writing field deficiencies, because the perpendicular component of the writing head field is considerably smaller than the horizontal head field component. The situation is further aggravated by the employment of very narrow gap ring heads, dictated by the need to provide a sharp writing field gradient and to avoid read gap losses. When you consider these potential limitations, the first casualty we are likely to encounter is overwrite performance, particularly in interchangeable media applications. If, in addition to the above, we also have some temperature variation of the magnetic parameters, then temperature dependence of overwrite modulation could become unacceptable. In this study, we measured the temperature coefficients of the magnetic parameters of many different Ba-ferrite particles and coatings. We found very large differences among the various particles which can be explained on the basis of a simple theoretical model. We conclude that it is necessary and possible to make a Judicious choice of particle characteristics in order to avoid any potential temperature-related problems in recording applications.
Existence of traveling waves to any Lax shock satisfying Oleinik’s criterion in conservation laws

Given any shock wave of a conservation law where the flux function may not be convex, we want to know whether it is admissible under the criterion of vanishing viscosity/capillarity effects. In this work, we show that if the shock satisfies the Oleinik’s criterion and the Lax shock inequalities, then for an arbitrary diffusion coefficient, we can always find suitable dispersion coefficients such that the diffusive-dispersive model admits traveling waves approximating the given shock. The paper develops the method of estimating attraction domain for traveling waves we have studied before.
Separation of speech from interfering speech by means of harmonic selection

A common type of interference in speech transmission is that caused by the speech of a competing talker. Although the brain is adept at clarifying such speech, it relies heavily on binaural data. When voices interfere over a single channel, separation is much more difficult and intelligibility suffers. Clarifying such speech is a complex and varied problem whose nature changes with the moment‐to‐moment variation in the types of sound which interfere. This paper describes an attack on the principal subproblem, the separation of vocalic speech. Separation is done by selecting the harmonics of the desired voice in the Fourier transform of the input. In implementing this process, techniques have been developed for resolving overlapping spectrum components, for determining pitches of both talkers, and for assuring consistent separation. These techniques are described, their performance on test utterances is summarized, and the possibility of using this process as a basis for the solution of the general two‐tal.
Improved Differential Evolution Strategy for Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis Problems

An Improved Difierential Evolution (IDE) algorithm is proposed for optimization problems. With the novel mutant operation adopting sub-optimal individual, the convergence of Difierential Evolution (DE) algorithm is accelerated without increasing the risk of premature. Five typical test functions are minimized using DE and IDE algorithms, and the results show the superior performance of IDE algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm is applied to pattern synthesis of two antenna arrays. Broad nulls are formed in radiation pattern of a linear array to suppress broad-band interferences. In a microstrip patch array, the sidelobe level of array is decreased about 12.9dB and the mainlobe can scan to the desired angle.
Unificación de los Métodos de Regularización de Máxima Entropía y de Análisis Variacional para Reconstrucción de Imágenes de Percepción Remota

Resumen-En este trabajo, se propone una nueva aproximación para la reconstrucción de imágenes de percepción remota degradada por ruido y limitadas por la resolución sensorial del sistema. El método propuesto utiliza la idea de la fusión de estrategias de regularización con diferentes paradigmas computacionales. En primer lugar, proponemos aplicar el método de regularización probabilística de la máxima entropía (ME) para la reconstrucción de imagen, y además, se escoge el método de la regularización descriptiva del análisis variacional (AV) para la localización precisa de las zonas homogéneas con el realce de los bordes dentro de la imagen. Combinando las ventajas de estas dos metodologías para la reconstrucción de imagen y eliminación del ruido se realiza su fusión para la obtención de una nueva estrategia de post-procesamiento computacional reconstructivo para imágenes de percepción remota. Se propone implementar computacionalmente el método propuesto VAME (por sus siglas en inglés, Variation-Analysis – Maximum Entropy) mediante la combinación de la estructura efectiva de la red neuronal del tipo Hopfield modificada junto con una estructura iterativa numérica. La eficiencia del método propuesto VAME se ilustra por medio de simulaciones computacionales.
Magnetotail electric fields observed from lunar orbit

We present the first direct observations of convection electric fields in the earth's magnetotail. The electric fields have been measured from lunar orbit by detection of the E × B/B² drift displacement of low-energy electrons at the limb of the moon. We find the following. (1) Electric fields range in magnitude from ≲0.02 mV/m, the limit of sensitivity of the method, up to 2 mV/m. The typical value is 0.15 mV/m, and the corresponding convection velocity is 15 km/s. (2) The sense of the electric field is almost always dawn to dusk. (3) The electric field is often variable on a time scale of hours and sometimes minutes. (4) The observations indicate that the electric field is not uniform across the magnetotail. If it is assumed that the typical measured electric field value represents an average over the inhomogeneities, the potential drop across the entire tail is ∼40 kV.
Steady flows in pipes with finite curvature

Motivated by blood flow in a curved artery, we consider fluid flow through a uniformly curved pipe, driven by a steady pressure gradient. Previous studies have typically considered pipes with asymptotically small curvature in which only the centrifugal effect is retained in the governing equations. Here we consider flows in pipes of finite curvature, and determine the effects of both the centrifugal and Coriolis forces on the flow. The flow behavior is governed by two dimensionless parameters: the curvature, δ, and the Dean number, D. Asymptotic solutions are developed for D⪡1 (using regular perturbation expansions) and D⪢1 (using matched asymptotic expansions and the Pohlhausen method). For intermediate values of D we use a pseudospectral code to obtain solutions. For values of D greater than a critical value, Dc, multiple steady solutions to the governing equations exist; we determine how Dc and the form of the solutions depends on δ. The results indicate that while many of the qualitative features of s.
ON ASYMPTOTIC “EIGENFUNCTIONS” OF THE CAUCHY PROBLEM FOR A NONLINEAR PARABOLIC EQUATION

The asymptotic () behavior of solutions of the Cauchy problem is studied for the semilinear parabolic equation where and as . The existence is established of an infinite collection (a continuum) of distinct self-similar solutions of the form , , where the function satisfies an ordinary differential equation. Conditions for the asymptotic stability of these solutions are established. It is shown that for there exist solutions of the problem whose behavior as is described by approximate self-similar solutions (ap.s.-s.s.'s) which in the case coincide with a family of self-similar solutions of the heat equation , while for and the ap.s. -s.s. has the form where . Figures: 2. Bibliography: 78 titles.
Solidification of High-Pressure Medium Daphne 7373

The solidification pressure of Daphne 7373, which is widely used as a pressure medium in high pressure studies, was examined at room temperature. Using a new generation clamp-type pressure cell, we found that Daphne 7373 solidifies at 2.2 GPa at room temperature. This is exactly on the natural extrapolation of the melting curve obtained at lower pressures and temperatures in our previous report. The solidification pressure of Daphne 7373 is twice as high as that of another well-known medium Fluorinert 77/70 (0.9 GPa). This allows us to hold hydrostatic pressure even in the newly developed BeCu–NiCrAl clamp-type pressure cell, which exceeds the limit of 1.5 GPa generated by a conventional BeCu cell.
Mode decomposition as a methodology for developing convective‐scale representations in global models

Mode decomposition is proposed as a methodology for developing subgrid‐scale physical representations in global models by a systematic reduction of an originally full system such as a cloud‐resolving model (CRM). A general formulation is presented, and also discussed are mathematical requirements that make this procedure possible. Features of this general methodology are further elucidated by the two specific examples: mass fluxes and wavelets.
Reactions involved in carbonation hardening of Portland cement: effect of curing temperature

CO2 curing of fresh concrete is one of the solutions allowing direct carbon sequestration within the construction industry. Additionally, it enhances the early mechanical performance when comparing to traditional hydration curing. Temperature of carbonation curing has pronounced impact on both reactions involved in hardening of Portland cement: carbonation and hydration. Both reactions are accelerated with rising temperature, while the formed products and resulting microstructure are altered. Higher curing temperature promotes the precipitation of silica gel and C-S-H phase with reduced Ca/Si ratio. Furthermore, alumina and sulfate distributions among the reaction products are different. Temperature of carbonation curing has a distinct impact on the cement paste hydration after carbonation curing. The high curing temperature results in a densification of the matrix which limits further reaction progress, compared to the samples cured at lower temperatures. During the post hydration, calcium deficient system changes into C-S-H phase with higher Ca/Si and eventually portlandite.
A rotating dust cloud in general relativity

I give a stationary solution of Einstein's equations representing a rotating cloud of dust. The solution is asymptotically flat, and has no curvature singularities. However, embedded in the cloud is a rotating surface layer of negative mass which precisely cancels the mass of the dust cloud. The solution throws light on the van Stockum class of rotating dust solutions, of which it is a member.
Constructive Polynomial Approximation on the Sphere

This paper considers the problem of constructive approximation of a continuous function on the unit sphere S^r^-^[email protected]? R^r by a spherical polynomial from the space P"n of all spherical polynomials of degree ==3 an upper bound on @? L"[email protected]? of non-optimal asymptotic order O(n^(^r^-^1^)^/^2) also holds, without any special assumption on the quadrature rule.
Noise properties of pixelated polycrystalline CdTe detector

Polycrystalline CdTe film is promising detector material for large-area, direct type X-ray image sensor. But polycrystalline materials usually have instability, non-uniformity, and large dark currents. These properties are deeply related with the as grown detector material quality. The noise property of a sensing material is a figure of merit in itself, and gives additional information about the detector material properties. In this paper, a 20 μm-thick CdTe polycrystalline film is prepared by thermal evaporation. Arrays of metal patterns having pitch from 100 to 500 micrometres were deposited on the CdTe film to make a pixelated detector. Dark current and noise spectrum of the polycrystalline pixels were measured. The fabricated polycrystalline CdTe pixel has ohmic characteristics with a resistivity of ~ 6.6 × 108 Ω cm. An excess low frequency noise, which is considered to be originated from metal-CdTe contact rather than polycrystalline material itself, was measured.
Energy Efficient Computation Offloading in Aerial Edge Networks With Multi-Agent Cooperation

With the high flexibility of supporting resource-intensive and time-sensitive applications, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) is proposed as an innovational paradigm to support the mobile users (MUs). As a promising technology, digital twin (DT) is capable of timely mapping the physical entities to virtual models, and reflecting the MEC network state in real-time. In this paper, we first propose an MEC network with multiple movable UAVs and one DT-empowered ground base station to enhance the MEC service for MUs. Considering the limited energy resource of both MUs and UAVs, we formulate an online problem of resource scheduling to minimize the weighted energy consumption of them. To tackle the difficulty of the combinational problem, we formulate it as a Markov decision process (MDP) with multiple types of agents. Since the proposed MDP has huge state space and action space, we propose a deep reinforcement learning approach based on multi-agent proximal policy optimization (MAPPO) with Beta distribution and attention mechanism to pursue the optimal computation offloading policy. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme is able to efficiently reduce the energy consumption and outperforms the benchmarks in performance, convergence speed and utilization of resources.
Flow measurements of vortex generator jets in separating boundary layer

Vortex generator jets (VGJs) have been found to be an effective method of active separation control on the suction side of a low-pressure turbine (LPT) blade at low Reynolds numbers. The flow mechanisms responsible for this control were studied and documented to provide a basis for future improvements in LPT design. Data were collected using a stereo particle-image-velocimetry system that enabled all three components of velocity to be measured. First, steady VGJs were injected into a laminar boundary layer on a flat plate (nonseparating boundary layer) to more fully understand the characteristics and behavior of the produced vortices. Jets injected normal to the surface created vortices of lesser strength that migrated out farther from the boundary layer. The vortices produced by angled jets (injected at 30-deg pitch and 90-deg skew angles to the freestream) remained closer to the wall and maintained their structure for a longer distance. The angled jets also produced vortices that were more effective at sweeping low momentum fluid up from the boundary layer while transporting high-momentum freestream fluid down towards the wall. Second, pulsed VGJs were injected on a flat plate with an applied adverse pressure gradient equivalent to that experienced by an LPT blade. This configuration was used to study the effectiveness of the flow control exhibited by both jet configurations on a separating boundary layer. Time-averaged results showed similar boundary-layer separation reduction for both normal and angled jets; however, individual characteristics of the control differed. Normal jets created a disturbance that provided flow control earlier during the pulsing cycle, whereas the disturbance produced by the angled jets was more effective in reducing the boundary-layer separation.
Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Associated Mechanisms in Diabetic Kidney Disease and Clinical Significance of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common disorder with multiple serious clinical implications, including an increased risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular complications, heart failure, onset or worsening of hypertension, and premature death. Patients with DKD frequently require dialysis or kidney transplantation to manage their ESKD. Summary: Upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is an important contributor to kidney disease progression, as highlighted by the results of trials evaluating angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with albuminuria. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of a multidirectional network that involves aldosterone, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), and the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) as driving forces in the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress-induced injury in the initiation of interstitial nephritis and eventual fibrosis in chronic kidney disease and DKD. The MR is a key element of this triangle, as highlighted by the beneficial effect of MR antagonists in preventing or reducing aldosterone- or Rac1-related effects in basic science studies, and the improved patient outcomes observed in clinical studies. Key Messages: Aldosterone can promote kidney disease in diabetes via the MR and via MR-independent actions through Rac1. However, the MR remains a key element of this triangle, with clinical data supporting the use of MR antagonists in delaying the progression of kidney disease in diabetes.
Measurements in a leading-edge separation bubble due to a simulated airfoil ice accretion

The separation bubble formed on an airfoil at low Reynolds number behind a simulated leading-edge glaze ice accretion is studied experimentally. Surface pressure and split hot-film measurements as well as flow visualization studies of the bubble reattachment point are reported. The simulated ice generates an adverse pressure gradient that causes a laminar separation bubble of the long bubble type to form. The boundary layer separates at a location on the ice accretion that is independent of angle of attack and reattaches at a downstream location 5-40 percent chord behind the leading edge, depending on the angle of attack. Velocity profiles show a large region of reverse flow that extends up from the airfoil surface as much as 2.5 percent chord. After reattachment, a thick distorted turbulent boundary layer exists. The separation bubble growth and reattachment are clearly seen in the plots of boundary-layer momentum thickness vs surface distance. Local minima and maxima in the boundary-layer momentum thickness development compare well with the shear layer transition point as indicated by the surface pressures and the reattachment point as measured from surface oil flow, respectively.
Protein-Protein Interaction Sites Prediction Using Batch Normalization Based CNNs and Oversampling Method Borderline-SMOTE

The recognition of protein-protein interaction sites (PPIs) is beneficial for the interpretation of protein functions and the development of new drugs. Traditional biological experiments to identify PPI sites are expensive and inefficient, leading to the generation of various computational methods to predict PPIs. However, the accurate prediction of PPI sites remains a big challenge due to the existence of the sample imbalance issue. In this work, we design a novel model that combines convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with Batch Normalization to predict PPI sites, and employ an oversampling technique Borderline-SMOTE to address the sample imbalance issue. In particular, to better characterize the amino acid residues on the protein chains, we employ a sliding window approach for feature extraction of target residues and their contextual residues. We verify the effectiveness of our method by comparing our method with the existing state-of-the-art schemes. The performance validations of our method on three public datasets achieve accuracies of 88.6%, 89.9%, and 86.7%, respectively, all showing improved accuracies compared with the existing schemes. Moreover, the ablation experiment results suggest that Batch Normalization can greatly improve the generalization and the prediction stability of our model.
The Influence of Radiation on the Prediction of Tropical Cyclone Intensification in a Forecast Model

This study examines the influence of radiative heating on the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensification in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model. Previous idealized modeling and observational studies demonstrated that radiative heating can substantially modulate the evolution of TC intensity. However, the relevance of this process under realistic conditions remains unclear. Here, we use observed longwave radiative heating to explore the performance of TC forecasts in HWRF simulations. The performance of TC intensity forecasts is then investigated in the context of radiative heating forecasts. In observations and HWRF forecasts, high clouds near the TC center increase the convergence of radiative fluxes. A sharp spatial gradient (≥60 W/m2) in the flux convergence from the TC center outward toward the environment is associated with subsequent TC intensification. More accurate simulation of the spatial structure of longwave radiative heating is associated with more accurate TC intensity forecasts.
A theoretical model for the giant magnetoimpedance in ribbons of amorphous soft‐ferromagnetic alloys

Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) measured in ribbons of the soft ferromagnet Co75−xFexSi15B10 annealed in the presence of a transverse magnetic field exhibits peaks in its field dependence. The GMI is strongly dependent on the magnitude of the longitudinal field and on the frequency of the applied current. We present a theoretical model which explains the existence of the peaks and its frequency dependence. The model is based on the skin depth effect and on the domain‐wall motion due to the magnetic field and the ac current.