Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Regional Anesthesia 19 The Science of Regional Anesthesia in Children

Regional anesthesia is being administered to an increasing number of infants and children, and there is a growing body of literature regarding age-related differences in local anesthetic pharmacology and toxicology, and in clinical application of various regional anesthetic techniques in pediatrics. This lecture will review some aspects of the basic, translational and clinical science of regional anesthesia in pediatrics. Despite the title “The Science of . ”, as requested by the conference organizers, it will become apparent that much of what guides our current practice of pediatric regional anesthesia is based on art, belief and custom, rather than evidence (Broadman and Holt, 2007).
Diet for stroke prevention

Lifestyle is far more important than most physicians suppose. Dietary changes in China that have resulted from increased prosperity are probably responsible for a marked rise in coronary risk in the past several decades, accelerating in recent years. Intake of meat and eggs has increased, while intake of fruits, vegetables and whole grains has decreased. Between 2003 and 2013, coronary mortality in China increased 213%, while stroke mortality increased by 26.6%. Besides a high content of cholesterol, meat (particularly red meat) contains carnitine, while egg yolks contain phosphatidylcholine. Both are converted by the intestinal microbiome to trimethylamine, in turn oxidised in the liver to trimethylamine n-oxide (TMAO). TMAO causes atherosclerosis in animal models, and in patients referred for coronary angiography high levels after a test dose of two hard-boiled eggs predicted increased cardiovascular risk. The strongest evidence for dietary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction is with the Mediterranean diet from Crete, a nearly vegetarian diet that is high in beneficial oils, whole grains, fruits, vegetables and legumes. Persons at risk of stroke should avoid egg yolk, limit intake of red meat and consume a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet. A crucial issue for stroke prevention in China is reduction of sodium intake. Dietary changes, although difficult to implement, represent an important opportunity to prevent stroke and have the potential to reverse the trend of increased cardiovascular risk in China.
Respiratory Monitoring

s of the 13th Meeting of the Japanese Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering; 1974:90–91. 17. Scheller MS, Unger RJ, Kelner MJ. Effect of intravenously administered dyes on pulse oximetry readings. Anesthesiology. 1986;65:550–552. 18. Cote CJ, Goldstein EA, Fuchsman WH, et al. The effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry. Anesth Analg. 1988;67:683–686. 19. Rubin AS. Nail polish color can affect pulse oximeter saturation. Anesthesiology. 1988;
A multi-criteria decision making approach for recommending a product using sentiment analysis

Nowadays, online platform has become a modern means of shopping among people. The reviews of products by customers have been proliferating on the online platform for a while. Since a large number of reviews are available, invariably customers read reviews before buying the product. Majority of the reviews are lengthy and repetitive, some of them even have nothing to do with the product itself. Going through the reviews before making a decision has become a tedious task. Further, the product selection is a complex decision making problem where several criteria are involved in the decision making process. Researchers have used methods like machine learning and sentiment classification to analyze the review of customers to summarize them. However, review summarization does not suggest the best/worst product. This study aims to recommend the best product based on the opinions expressed in the customers' reviews. We analyze the reviews of customers from various online platforms and use effective multi criteria decision making approach to evaluate and recommend the best suitable product. Real-time dataset from Flipkart and Amazon are used to evaluate our system's performance. Different case studies have shown that our proposed method produces a promising result which can help the user in the decision making process.
Practical dynamic information flow control

Over the years, computer systems and applications have grown significantly complex while handling a plethora of private and sensitive user information. The complexity of these applications is often assisted by a set of (un)intentional bugs with both malicious and non-malicious intent leading to information leaks. Information flow control has been studied extensively as an approach to mitigate such information leaks. The technique works by enforcing the security property of noninterference using a specified set of security policies. A vast majority of existing work in this area is based on static analyses. However, some of the applications, especially on the Web, are developed using dynamic languages like JavaScript that make the static analyses techniques stale and ineffective. As a result, there has been a growing interest in recent years to develop dynamic information flow analysis techniques. In spite of the advances in the field, dynamic information flow analysis has not been at the helm of information flow security in dynamic settings like the Web; the prime reason being that the analysis techniques and the security property related to them (non-interference) either over-approximate or are too restrictive in most cases. Concretely, the analysis techniques generate a lot of false positives, do not allow legitimate release of sensitive information, support only static and rigid security policies or are not general enough to be applied to real-world applications. This thesis focuses on improving the usability of dynamic information flow techniques by presenting mechanisms that can enhance the precision and permissiveness of the analyses. It begins by presenting a sound improvement and enhancement of the permissive-upgrade strategy, a strategy widely used to enforce dynamic information flow control, which improves the strategy’s permissiveness and makes it generic in applicability. The thesis, then, presents a sound and precise control scope analysis for handling complex features like unstructured control flow and exceptions in higher-order languages. Although non-interference is a desired property for enforcing information flow control, there are program instances that require legitimate release of some parts of the secret data to provide the required functionality. Towards this end, this thesis develops a sound approach to bound information leaks dynamically while allowing information release in accordance to a pre-specified budget. The thesis concludes by applying these techniques to an information flow control-enabledWeb browser and explores a policy specificationmechanism that allows flexible and useful information flow policies to be specified for Web applications.
Dynamics of highly supercooled liquids: Heterogeneity, rheology, and diffusion

Highly supercooled liquids with soft-core potentials are studied via molecular-dynamics simulations in two and three dimensions in quiescent and sheared conditions. We may define bonds between neighboring particle pairs unambiguously owing to the sharpness of the first peak of the pair correlation functions. Upon structural rearrangements, they break collectively in the form of clusters whose sizes grow with lowering the temperature T. The bond lifetime ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b},$ which depends on $T$ and the shear rate $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, is on the order of the usual structural or $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ relaxation time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ in weak shear $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\ll}1,$ while it decreases as $1/\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ in strong shear $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}\ensuremath{\gg}1$ due to shear-induced cage breakage. Accumulated broken bonds in a time interval $(\ensuremath{\sim}0.05{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b})$ closely resemble the critical fluctuations of Ising spin systems. For example, their structure factor is well fitted to the Ornstein-Zernike form, which yields the correlation length $\ensuremath{\xi}$ representing the maximum size of the clusters composed of broken bonds. We also find a dynamical scaling relation, ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\xi}}^{z},$ valid for any T and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ with $z=4$ in two dimensions and $z=2$ in three dimensions. The viscosity is of order ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b}$ for any T and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}},$ so marked shear-thinning behavior emerges. The shear stress is close to a limiting stress in a wide shear region. We also examine motion of tagged particles in shear in three dimensions. The diffusion constant is found to be of order ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{b}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\nu}}$ with $\ensuremath{\nu}=0.75\ensuremath{\sim}0.8$ for any T and $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \. {}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}},$ so it is much enhanced in strong shear compared with its value at zero shear. This indicates a breakdown of the Einstein-Stokes relation in accord with experiments. Some possible experiments are also proposed.
Rethinking the Coral Microbiome: Simplicity Exists within a Diverse Microbial Biosphere

We propose that the coral holobiont should be conceptualized as a diverse transient microbial community that is responsive to the surrounding environment and encompasses a simple, redundant, resident microbiome and a small conserved core microbiome. Most importantly, we show that the coral microbiome is comparable to the microbiomes of other organisms studied thus far. Accurately characterizing the coral-microbe interactions provides an important baseline from which the functional roles and the functional niches within which microbes reside can be deciphered. ABSTRACT Studies of the coral microbiome predominantly characterize the microbial community of the host species as a collective, rather than that of the individual. This ecological perspective on the coral microbiome has led to the conclusion that the coral holobiont is the most diverse microbial biosphere studied thus far. However, investigating the microbiome of the individual, rather than that of the species, highlights common and conserved community attributes which can provide insights into the significance of microbial associations to the host. Here, we show there are consistent characteristics between individuals in the proposed three components of the coral microbiome (i.e., “environmentally responsive community,” “resident or individual microbiome,” and “core microbiome”). We found that the resident microbiome of a photoendosymbiotic coral harbored <3% (∼605 phylotypes) of the 16S rRNA phylotypes associated with all investigated individuals of that species (“species-specific microbiome”) (∼21,654 phylotypes; individuals from Pachyseris speciosa [n = 123], Mycedium elephantotus [n = 95], and Acropora aculeus [n = 91] from 10 reef locations). The remaining bacterial phylotypes (>96%) (environmentally responsive community) of the species-specific microbiome were in fact not found in association with the majority of individuals of the species. Only 0.1% (∼21 phylotypes) of the species-specific microbiome of each species was shared among all individuals of the species (core microbiome), equating to ∼3.4% of the resident microbiome. We found taxonomic redundancy and consistent patterns of composition, structure, and taxonomic breadth across individual microbiomes from the three coral species. Our results demonstrate that the coral microbiome is structured at the individual level. IMPORTANCE We propose that the coral holobiont should be conceptualized as a diverse transient microbial community that is responsive to the surrounding environment and encompasses a simple, redundant, resident microbiome and a small conserved core microbiome. Most importantly, we show that the coral microbiome is comparable to the microbiomes of other organisms studied thus far. Accurately characterizing the coral-microbe interactions provides an important baseline from which the functional roles and the functional niches within which microbes reside can be deciphered.
An Ode to the Code: Evidence for Fine-Tuning in the Standard Codon Table

The Standard Codon Table (SCT) records the correlation observed in nature between the complete set of 64 trinucleotide codons and the 20 amino acids plus 3 nonsense (i.e. stop or termination) signals. This table was called a frozen accident by Francis Crick, yet current evidence points to optimization that minimizes harmful effects of mutations and mistranslations while maximizing the encoding of multiple messages into a single sequence. For example, a recent article with the running title “The best of all possible codes? ” concluded that “evidence is clear” for the optimized nature of the SCT, and another study found that difficult-to-encode secondary signals are minimized in the SCT. Additionally, the initiating amino acid methionine has been found to minimize the nascent peptide chain’s barrier to exit the ribosome. Moreover, the symmetry in the SCT between 4- fold-synonymous and <4-fold synonymous codons has been explained in terms of minimizing mistranslation. In this paper, the hypothesis that the finely tuned optimization of the SCT originates in external intelligence is compared to the hypothesis that its fine tuning is due to the adaptive selection of earlier codes. It is concluded that, in the absence of metaphysical biases against this hypothesis, external intelligence better explains the origin of the SCT. Additionally, this hypothesis prompts lines of inquiry that, 50 years ago, would have accelerated the discovery of the now-known features of the SCT and that, today, can lead to new discoveries.
Greek Art and Archaeology

Introduction. 1. The Aegean in the Third Millennium. 2. The Middle Bronze Age. 3. The Late Bronze Age. 4. The Dark Age and Geometric Greece. 5. The Orientalizing Period. 6. Archaic Greece. 7. The Period of Transition. 8. The High Classical Period. 9. The Fourth Century. 10. The Hellenistic Period. Conclusion. Chronology. Glossary. Select Bibliography. Photographic Credits. Index.
『Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics』(私の一冊)

Preface to Structural Dynamics: An Introduction to Computer Methods. Preface to Fundamentals of Structural Dynamics. About the Authors. 1. The Science and Art of Structural Dynamics. PART I: SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS. 2. Mathematical Models of SDOF Systems. 3. Free Vibration of SDOF Systems. 4. Response of SDOF Systems. 5. Response of SDOF Systems to Nonperiodic Excitation. 6. Numerical Evaluation of the Dynamic Response of SDOF Systems. 7. Response of SDOF Systems to Periodic Excitation Frequency-Domain Analysis. PART II: MULTIPLE-DEGREE-OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS-BASIC TOPICS. 8. Mathematical Models of MDOF Systems. 9. Vibration of Undamped 2-DOF Systems. 10. Vibration Properties of MDOF Systems-Modes, Frequencies, and Damping. 11. Dynamic Response of MDOF Systems-Mode-Superposition Method. PART III: CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS. 12. Mathematrical Models of Continuous Systems. 13. Free Vibration of Continuous Systems. PART IV: COMPUTATIONAL MATHODS IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS. 14. Introduction to Finite Element Modeling of Structures. 15. Numerical Evaluation of Modes and Frequence of MDOF Systems. 16. Direct Integration Methods for Dynamic Response of SDOF Systems. 17. Component Mode Synthesis. PART V: ADVANCED TOPICES IN STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS. 18. Introduction to Experimental Model Analysis. 19. Introduction to "Active Structures". 20. Introduction to Earkquake Response of Structures. Appendix A: Units. Appendix B: Complex Numbers. Appendix C: Elements of Laplace Transforms. Appendix D: Elements of Linear Algebra. Appendix E: Introduction to MATLAB. Index.
Automatic extraction of logically consistent ontologies from text corpora

Ontologies provide a structured description of the concepts and terminology used in a particular domain and provide valuable knowledge for a range of natural language processing applications. However, for many domains and languages ontologies do not exist and manual creation is a difficult and resource-intensive process. As such, automatic methods to extract, expand or aid the construction of these resources is of significant interest. There are a number of methods for extracting semantic information about how terms are related from raw text, most notably the approach of Hearst [1992], who used patterns to extract hypernym information. This method was manual and it is not clear how to automatically generate patterns, which are specific to a given relationship and domain. I present a novel method for developing patterns based on the use of alignments between patterns. Alignment works well as it is closely related to the concept of a join-set of patterns, which minimally generalise over-fitting patterns. I show that join-sets can be viewed as an reduction on the search space of patterns, while resulting in no loss of accuracy. I then show the results can be combined by a support vector machine to a obtain a classifier, which can decide if a pair of terms are related. I applied this to several data sets and conclude that this method produces a precise result, with reasonable recall. The system I developed, like many semantic relation systems, produces only a binary decision of whether a term pair is related. Ontologies have a structure, that limits the forms of networks they represent. As the relation extraction is generally noisy and incomplete, it is unlikely that the extracted relations will match the structure of the ontology. As such I represent the structure of ontology as a set of logical statements, and form a consistent ontology by finding the network closest to the relation extraction system’s output, which is consistent with these restrictions. This gives a novel NP-hard optimisation problem, for which I develop several algorithms. I present simple greedy approaches, and branch and bound approaches, which my results show are not sufficient for this problem. I then use resolution to show how this problem can be stated as an integer programming problem, which can be efficiently solved by relaxing it to a linear programming problem. I show that this result can efficiently solve the problem, and furthermore when applied to the result of the relation extraction system, this improves the quality of the extraction as well as converting it to an ontological structure.
BubbleRank: Safe Online Learning to Re-Rank via Implicit Click Feedback

In this paper, we study the problem of safe online learning to re-rank, where user feedback is used to improve the quality of displayed lists. Learning to rank has traditionally been studied in two settings. In the offline setting, rankers are typically learned from relevance labels created by judges. This approach has generally become standard in industrial applications of ranking, such as search. However, this approach lacks exploration and thus is limited by the information content of the offline training data. In the online setting, an algorithm can experiment with lists and learn from feedback on them in a sequential fashion. Bandit algorithms are well-suited for this setting but they tend to learn user preferences from scratch, which results in a high initial cost of exploration. This poses an additional challenge of safe exploration in ranked lists. We propose BubbleRank, a bandit algorithm for safe re-ranking that combines the strengths of both the offline and online settings. The algorithm starts with an initial base list and improves it online by gradually exchanging higher-ranked less attractive items for lower-ranked more attractive items. We prove an upper bound on the n-step regret of BubbleRank that degrades gracefully with the quality of the initial base list. Our theoretical findings are supported by extensive experiments on a large-scale real-world click dataset.
G-folds: an appearance-based model of facial gestures for performance driven facial animation

In performance-driven facial animation (PDFA), an animated character is driven by the contraction of facial muscles of a performer. Most existing work maps literal skin motion from the performer to the character, resulting in “human like” deformation of the face. This is desirable for realistic human animation, but is unintuitive, difficult to edit, and allows little or no flexibility in re-mapping the resulting animation to a non-human character. manifestation of the contraction of one or more facial muscles. By mapping choose the resulting output and is not constrained by the literal interpretation of facial motion. Extracting these parameters, however, has proved to be much more difficult than traditional motion capture and, as such, the majority of facial parameter extraction work has been performed in the area of facial analysis and not applied to PDFA. In PDFA, the intensities of gestures are essential to produce continuous and subtly varying expressions, but existing facial analysis work focuses only on the presence or absence of a gesture (binary analysis). Though practical to obtain, images of face state are an unnecessarily high dimensional representation for a fairly low degree of freedom phenomenon. To address this problem in the context of facial gesture analysis, in this work, the face is partitioned into local regions of change called coarticulation regions (CR) to constrain the number of muscle degrees of freedom. By reducing the dimensionality of gesture data in each CR with principal component analysis, a coherent low dimensional appearance structure to gesture intensities is uncovered. The structures induced by independent gesture actuations are termed gesture manifolds, or G-Folds. This structure is modeled with quadratic polynomials in Gesture Polynomial Reduction. The continuous G-Fold representation is a fundamental improvement over discrete template based approaches and heuristic models of facial action. The utility of the model is demonstrated by classifying fine levels of gesture intensity and applying the results to a novel 2D animation technique called Muscle Morphing, combining mass-spring muscle control with image warping.
An Acoustic Event Detection Method in Tunnels Using Non-negative Tensor Factorization and Hidden Markov Model

본 논문에서는 터널 환경에서 비음수 텐서분해와 가우시안 혼합을 갖는 은닉 마코프 모델을 사용 한 사고 검지 시스템을 제안한다. 대부분의 터널 내 환경은 내재된 환경으로 인한 작은 사고들이 발 생한다. 특히 터널 내에서 사고가 발생할 시, 2차, 3차 사고가 발생되어 큰 재해로 발전할 가능성이 높다. 주로 시각기반의 사고 검지 기법들이 많이 제안되어왔으나, 시야각 등의 문제로 오검지가 발생 하는 단점이 존재한다. 이러한 시각기반의 검지 기법을 보완하기 위해 본 논문에 제안된 기법은 터널 환경에서의 음향사고 검출의 정확도 개선을 위해 비음수 텐서분해와 가우시안 혼합모델(Gaussian mixture model, GMM) 기반의 은닉 마코프 모델(hidden Markov model, HMM)을 이용한다. 제안된 방법은 비음수 텐서 분해 기법에 활용되는 사고음향 모델과 잡음모델을 사용하여 사고음을 분리하고, 분리된 사고음을 기반으로 기 훈련된 GMM-HMM 기반의 음향모델을 기반으로 우도비 검증을 수행 하여 사고 검지를 수행한다. 제안된 방법의 검지 정확도를 평가하기 위해 터널 내 환경잡음과 사고음 을 합성하여 생성한 데이터를 생성하였고, 높은 정확도를 얻을 수 있었다.