Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical implementation and oceanographic application of the thermodynamic potentials of water, vapour, ice, seawater and air – Part 1: Background and equations

R. Feistel, D. G. Wright, D. R. Jackett, K. Miyagawa, J. H. Reissmann, W. Wagner, U. Overhoff, C. Guder, A. Feistel, and G. M. Marion Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung, Seestraße 15, 18119 Warnemünde, Germany Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia 4-12-11-628, Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-0011, Japan Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 78, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
No evidence for systemic low‐grade inflammation in adult patients with early‐treated phenylketonuria: The INGRAPH study

The question of an increased cardiovascular risk has been recently raised in adults with phenylketonuria (PKU). As low‐grade systemic inflammation increases cardiovascular risk, the INGRAPH study aimed to evaluate low‐grade inflammation in adult PKU patients compared to healthy controls and to determine the potential influence of Phe‐controlled diet on inflammation. Twenty early‐treated adult PKU patients, including a subgroup of 15 classical PKU patients, and 20 healthy volunteers were included. PKU patients and healthy subjects were matched on age, sex and body mass index class. Plasma concentrations of CRP, IFNg, IL1a, IL1b, IL2, IL6, IL10, and TNFα were measured in PKU patients and compared to controls. Plasma CRP was not different in the PKU group as compared to controls. No significant differences were observed between the two groups concerning plasma cytokines concentrations. Plasma CRP and cytokine profile were not different between “on diet” and “off diet” PKU patients. All these results were similar considering only the classical PKU subgroup. No differences were shown in plasma CRP and pro‐inflammatory cytokines between adult PKU patients and healthy controls. Further studies are needed, including more patients and extensive characterization of systemic low‐grade inflammation, as cardiovascular risk appears to be a new concern in adult PKU population.
Quality assessment of a satellite altimetry data product in the Nordic, Barents, and Kara seas

[1] Satellite altimetry provides high-quality sea surface height data that have been successfully used to study the variability of sea level and surface geostrophic circulation at different spatial and temporal scales. However, the high-latitude regions have traditionally been avoided due to the persistent sea ice cover. Most of the validation studies have focused on the areas below the polar circles. In this paper we examine the quality and performance of a gridded satellite altimetry product in the Nordic, Barents, and Kara seas. The altimetric sea level in coastal areas is validated using available tide gauge records. We show that at most locations in the Nordic seas the altimetry and tide gauge measurements are in a good agreement in terms of the root-mean square differences and the amplitudes and phases of the seasonal cycle. The agreement deteriorates in the shallow areas of the Barents and Kara seas subject to the seasonal presence of sea ice, and where the altimetry data are contaminated by the residual aliasing of unresolved high-frequency signals. The comparison of linear trends at the locations of tide gauges reveals discrepancies that need to be taken into account when interpreting long-term changes of sea level in the region. Away from the coast the altimetry data are compared to drifter trajectories, corrected for Ekman currents. The drifter trajectories are found consistent with the mesoscale variability of the altimetric sea level. This study provides the first comprehensive validation of a gridded satellite altimetry data product in the high-latitude seas.
The impact of window size on univariate time series forecasting using machine learning

In the task of modeling time series prediction problems, the window size (w) is a hyperparameter that defines the amount of time units that will be present in each example to be fed into a learning model. This hyperparameter is particularly important due to the need to make the learning model understand both long-term and short-term trends, as well as seasonal patterns, without making it sensitive to random fluctuations. In this article, our aim is to understand the effect that the window size has on the results of machine learning algorithms in univariate time series prediction problems. To achieve this goal, we used 40 time series from two distinct domains, conducting trainings with variations in the window size using four types of machine learning algorithms: Bagging, Boosting, Stacking, and a Recurrent Neural Network architecture. As a result, we observed that increasing the window size can lead to an improvement in the evaluation metric values until reaching a stabilization scenario, where further increasing the window size does not yield better predictions. The aforementioned stabilization occurred in both studied domains only when w values exceeded 100 time steps. We also observed that Recurrent Neural Network architectures do not outperform ensemble models in several univariate time series prediction scenarios.
Judgments of Event Centrality as Predictors of Post-Traumatic Growth and Post-Traumatic Stress after Infidelity: The Moderating Effect of Relationship Form

Infidelity, a betrayal within a romantic partnership, often violates a person’s core beliefs about themselves and their significant other and can influence the degree to which a person can feel safe in romantic relationships. Infidelity can also increase exposure to sexually transmitted diseases that can compromise physical and mental health. Therefore, infidelity can be judged as central to one’s identity and potentially traumatic, possibly triggering outcomes similar to other DSM-5 Criterion A traumas. The current research examines the contribution of centrality perceptions to the development of PTG and PTS post-infidelity. Bivariate regressions examined the relationships between the judged centrality of infidelity and PTG and PTS, respectively. Exploratory analyses considered the moderating role of relationship form (i.e., casually dating, exclusively dating, and engaged/married) on those relationships. In a sample of 177 adults, greater judgments of the centrality of infidelity were associated with both PTG and PTS. Results demonstrated a significant moderating effect of relationship form on the relationship between the centrality of infidelity and PTG but not between the centrality of infidelity and PTS. Moderation results demonstrated that if infidelity is considered central in a casually dating relationship, it is more strongly related to PTG than in other relationship forms. Considering infidelity as central may generate both beneficial and problematic post-traumatic outcomes. However, an early infidelity experience may provide increased opportunities for engagement in different behaviors in the future (e.g., selecting a different partner, setting different relational boundaries), which, in turn, may be more conducive to growth.
Particle transport through porous media

Transport of suspended participate matter is widely recognized to occur in subsurface environments. Field data indicate that viruses, bacteria, and clay minerals can migrate considerable distances and that small particles and macromolecules are implicated in the transport of organic contaminants and radio-nuclides. Furthermore, media permeability can be significantly altered by changes in aqueous chemistry through particle release and capture. Quantitative models for predicting particle transport are available within the water filtration literature that account for the mechanisms of particle-media collisions and the conditions for attachment. Predictions from the filtration models are used to analyze particle migration through porous media at typical groundwater flow velocities. As particles accumulate within media pores, available models become less predictive because of the coupling between particle retention and permeability reduction. An examination of filtration data reveals that retention of a relatively small solid volume within media pores can reduce media permeability by orders of magnitude. The fact that contaminants adsorbed to particles are mobile has important implications in understanding and predicting contaminant transport. The design of laboratory experiments and the collection of field samples often neglect contaminants transported by suspended colloids and particles.
Absorption spectra of inorganic particles in the Irish Sea and their relevance to remote sensing of chlorophyll

Abstract Mineral suspended solids contribute significantly to the total suspended sediment load in shelf seas and estuaries. Even in moderate concentrations, mineral suspended solids affect algorithms for retrieving chlorophyll concentrations from remotely-sensed colour data. Brown and Simpson (1990) showed empirically that the slope of a log-log graph of chlorophyll against the blue-green reflectance ratio increased as the concentration of mineral suspended solids increased. In an attempt to explain this, we have measured the absorption spectrum of over 100 samples of mineral suspended solids collected from the Menai Strait in the Irish Sea. The absorption spectra of the mineral suspended solids particles on filters consistently show an exponential decrease with increasing wavelength across the visible spectrum. The absorption coefficient at a single wavelength is proportional to the concentration of mineral suspended solids. This spectrum has been incorporated into a simple model of the blue-green ratio.
A Framework for Predicting Academic Success using Classification Method through Filter-Based Feature Selection

—Students’ academic success is still a serious problem faced by higher education institutions worldwide. A strategy is needed to increase the students’ academic performance and prevent students from failing. The need to get early accurate information about poor academic performance is a must and could achieved by constructing a prediction model. Therefore, an effective technique is required to provide the accurate information and improve the accuracy of the prediction model. This study evaluates the filter-based feature selection especially the filter-based feature ranking techniques for predicting academic success. It provides a comparative study of filter-based feature selection techniques for determining the type of features (redundant, irrelevant, relevant) that affect the accuracy of the prediction models. Furthermore, this study proposes a novel feature selection technique based on attribute dependency for improving the performance of the prediction model through a framework. The experimental results show that the proposed technique significantly improved the accuracy of the prediction models from 2-8%, outperforming the existing techniques, and the Decision Tree classifier performs best for predicting with an accuracy score of 92.64%.
Streaming potential in porous media: 1. Theory of the zeta potential

Electrokinetic phenomena are responsible for several electrical properties of fluid-saturated porous materials. Geophysical applications of these phenomena could include the use of streaming potentials for mapping subsurface fluid flow, the study of hydrothermal activity of geothermal areas, and in the context of earthquake prediction and volcanic activity forecasting, for example. The key parameter of electrokinetic phenomena is the ξ potential, which represents roughly the electrical potential at the mineral/water interface. We consider silica-dominated porous materials filled with a binary symmetric 1:1 electrolyte such as NaCl. When in contact with this electrolyte, the silica/water interface gets an excess of charge through chemical reactions. Starting with these chemical reactions, we derive analytical equations for the ξ potential and the specific surface conductance. These equations can be used to predict the variations of these parameters with the pore fluid salinity, temperature, and pH (within a /pH range of 6–8). The input parameters to these equations fall into two categories: (1) mineral/fluid interaction geochemistry (including mineral surface site density and surface equilibrium constants of mineral/fluid reactions), and (2) pore fluid /pH, salinity, and temperature. The ξ potential is shown to increase with increasing temperature and pH and to decrease with increasing salinity. The proposed model is in agreement with available experimental data. The application of this model to electric potentials generated in porous media by fluid flow is explored in the companion paper.
THE SEA IN POETIC LANGUAGE OF THE ANCIENT GERMANS (TESTIMONY OF THE TEXTS)

The article is devoted to the consideration of language means, used for expressing of the sea element image in ancient Germanic texts. For a number of words naming the sea, secondary nature of «marine» semantics is established relative to a whole series of primary meanings ʻwaveʼ, ʻsurfʼ, ʻwater billowʼ, ʻmovement (of water mass)ʼ etc. The contexts collected in the study illustrate the semantic differences in word usage, enabling one to more or less exactly state when it is about a wave, the movement of a water surface, and when it is actually about the sea. It is further suggested a description of the structure and semantics of the sum of composites, often used to denote the marine world. It follows from the description that the «marine» vocabulary of ancient Germanic poetic texts was an open system (it could be replenished with new composites), which developed by analogy with itself, having as samples the composites inherited from the Proto-Germanic language. Special attention is paid to the set of epithets of the sea in the accessible corpus of German texts and descriptive expressions, in which the sea is likened to a person, and this fact indicates the ancient metaphorical perception of the world from the standpoint of anthropocentrism
Variations in high‐latitude oceanographic fronts in the southern Indian Ocean: An estimation based on faunal changes

A quantitative estimate of the magnitude of late Pleistocene/Holocene variations in the migration of siliceous microfauna is calculated from fossil assemblages preserved in marine sediments from piston cores located in the southeast Indian Ocean sector of the Subantarctic. Results of this modern analog technique indicate that fauna characteristic of colder waters today occupied surface and near-surface waters overlying the core sites for much of the last half million years. Warm-water fauna inhabited these waters for only brief time periods, usually during the early portion of interglacial isotopic stages. The estimated faunal migration pattern from the most southern sites is similar in most respects to that of atmospheric temperatures over Antarctica recorded in the Vostok ice core. A model of changes in the positions of the Subtropical Convergence and the Antarctic Polar Front, constructed from time series of faunal variations, indicates that although southward migrations of these oceanographic fronts in this region of the southern ocean were limited to approximately 4° of latitude, northward displacements were of the order of 5° to 7° of latitude. Fauna at the Antarctic Polar Front react earlier than either the fauna at the Subtropical Convergence or the global ice volume signal to major global warming (terminations), providing further documentation of the early response of the high-latitude southern ocean relative to other components of the climate system to the various factors forcing Pleistocene climate.
Effect of surface roughness on the microwave emission from soils

The effect of surface roughness on the brightness temperature of a moist terrain has been studied through the modification of Fresnel reflection coefficient and using the radiative transfer equation. The modification involves introduction of a single parameter to characterize the roughness. It is shown that this parameter depends on both the surface height variance and the horizontal scale of the roughness. Model calculations are in good quantitative agreement with the observed dependence of the brightness temperature on the moisture content in the surface layer. Data from truck mounted and airborne radiometers are presented for comparison. The results indicate that the roughness effects are great for wet soils where the difference between smooth and rough surfaces can be as great as 50 K.
Coral reefs in the Anthropocene: persistence or the end of the line?

Abstract Tropical coastal ecosystems such as coral reefs have provided food, income and resources to humans for millennia. The first interactions that people had with coral reef ecosystems left little signature or impact, most probably due to the restricted access, as well as the challenges and ephemeral technologies that people used to exploit these important ecosystems. As human populations expanded along tropical coastal areas, however, the influence of coastal people on coral reefs grew rapidly. Deforestation and coastal agriculture reduced coastal water quality, with many fringing coral reefs disappearing as impacts grew. Increasing numbers of fishers with increasingly advanced technologies exploited tropical coastal fisheries so that many marine species declined dramatically. These activities have removed some functional groups to the point where ecological transformations away from coral-dominated communities increasingly occurred. Shipping and marine pollution, as well as ocean warming and acidification from the burning of fossil fuels, have added further stress on tropical marine ecosystems. The latter represents a major threat with even small amounts of change potentially driving the ecological extinction of coral reefs and other marine ecosystems. Given inaction on the core drivers of these changes, the future does not look bright for coral reef ecosystems as we move into the critical phase of the Anthropocene Epoch.
Equation of state of stishovite and interpretation of SiO2 shock‐compression data

[1] We present an isothermal equation of state for the high-pressure stishovite phase of SiO2 based on synchrotron X-ray diffraction at 300 K to 60 GPa. The inferred equation of state is the same for stishovite synthesized from pure SiO2 glass as from a natural, basalt glass that forms stishovite in association with other mineral phases, yielding a zero-pressure bulk modulus K0T = 312.9(±3.4) GPa and pressure derivative K′0 = 4.8(±0.2). Our measurements of stishovite at static, high pressures predict a shock-compressed (Hugoniot) state that is 2.4 (±1.6)% denser than observed for SiO2, suggesting that an amorphous phase, rather than stishovite, is produced under impact loading.
Interannual-to-Decadal Variability in the Oyashio and Its Influence on Temperature in the Subarctic Frontal Zone: An Eddy-Resolving OGCM Simulation

Abstract Output of an eddy-resolving OGCM simulation is used to investigate mechanisms for interannual-to-decadal variability in the Oyashio and its influence on the subarctic frontal zone in the western North Pacific. Lag correlation analysis reveals that positive anomalies both in basin-scale wind stress curl and in local Ekman pumping can intensify the southward Oyashio almost simultaneously via barotropic and baroclinic Rossby wave propagations, respectively. The Oyashio strength can also be influenced by anomalous Ekman pumping that is exerted in the western portion of the basin through the baroclinic wave propagation with the lag of 3 yr, which appears to arise from a periodicity in the wind field. The intensification of the Oyashio is accompanied by negative anomalies both in the sea surface temperature and height off of Hokkaido Island of Japan and is followed by their eastward development along the southern branch of the Oyashio Extension and associated subarctic frontal zone in association with .
Product Differentiation, Market Orientation, and Product Quality Against Competitive Advantage in UMKM Rotan Desa Trangsan, Gatak, Sukoharjo

UMKM are one of the leading economic drivers in economic development in a country. This research was conducted in Desa Trangsan, Gatak, Sukoharjo. This study aimsi to determine the effect lof product differentiation, marketi orientation, a lproduct quality on competitivei advantagej in UMKM Rattan in Desa Trangsan, Gatak, Sukoharjo. This research method uses quatitative methods. The population is UMKM Rattan in Desa Trangsan is 210 and using a sample 58 respondents. Purposivei samplingi is a sampling techniquel withl the criteria ofi a business that 5 years, is actively producing, and its products have participated in the international market. The data analysis used is using multiplei linearl regression, oF-test,pt-test fand the coefficientl of determinationi through SPSSl v20. Thei results lof the analysis of thisl tstudy lindicate that product differentiation, lmarket iorientation, and product quality lhave a significantj and positive effect on competitive advantage with coefficient of l64,1%. Whiles thei remaining. 35,1% is linfluenced lby otherl factor or variablesl not examined ini this lstudy. Keywordsi: Product Differentiation, Market Orientation, Product Quality, and Competitive Advantage
STOCHASTIC FLOW DURATION CURVES FOR EVALUATION OF FLOW REGIMES IN RIVERS 1

ABSTRACT: A stochastic estimation of low flow in the upper reaches of streams is needed for the planning, development, and management of water resources and/or water use systems. In this paper, the definition and development procedure for the stochastic flow duration curve is presented and applied to five catchments located in eastern Japan and to two catchments in western Thailand. The probability distribution of N‐year daily discharge data is extracted at various percentages of time for which specified discharges are equaled or exceeded in a water year. Such a distribution is usually represented with a straight line on log‐normal probability paper. However, some of the probability plots for the annual minimum daily discharge are best represented with a straight line on Weibull probability paper. The effectiveness of the stochastic flow duration curve defined for the evaluation of flow regime is illustrated through its application. The ten year probability for the discharge exceeded 97 percent of the time may be recognized as an index of low flow. The recession shape of the lower part of the flow duration curve is dependent on the strength of low flow persistence.
The Role and Function of Surveyors in the Maintenance of Medical Equipment in Hospitals (Literature Review)

This article attempts to delve deeper into the role and function of a surveyor in assessing a healthcare-related element. Through accreditation bodies, a surveyor is expected to be more proactive in carrying out their role and functions. This article employs a literature review by attempting to distill insights from various studies and expert opinions, as well as guidelines published by the Ministry of Health. Through this article, an illustration and a thought on how healthcare equipment in hospitals should be treated are conveyed. As a conclusion from this article, understanding healthcare equipment is crucial, and the role of a surveyor should be optimized. The surveyor's role as a companion and evaluator in this context becomes an essential element in ensuring innovation and the highest standards in healthcare equipment management in hospitals.