Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
M-theory in the Omega-background and 5-dimensional non-commutative gauge theory

The $\Omega$-background is defined for supergravity, and a very general class of such backgrounds is constructed for 11-dimensional supergravity. 11-dimensional supergravity in a certain $\Omega$-background is shown to be equivalent to a 5-dimensional non-commutative gauge theory of Chern-Simons type. M2 and M5 branes are expressed as 1 and 2-dimensional extended objects in the 5-dimensional gauge theory. This 5-dimensional gauge theory is shown to admit a consistent quantization with two coupling constants, despite being formally non-renormalizable. A check of a twisted version of AdS/CFT is performed relating this 5-dimensional non-commutative gauge theory to the theory on N M5 branes, wrapping an $A_{k-1}$ singularity and placed in an $\Omega$-background. The operators on the M5 branes, in the $\Omega$-background, are described by a certain chiral algebra which in the large N limit becomes a $W_{k+\infty}$ algebra. This chiral algebra is recovered from the 5-dimensional gauge theory. This argument also provides a holographic explanation of the result of Maulik-Okounkov and Schiffmann-Vasserot that the $W_{k+\infty}$ algebra acts on the equivariant cohomology of the moduli of instantons on an $A_{k-1}$ singularity.
Tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance in organic spin valves

We report the observation of tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) in an organic spin-valve-like structure with only one ferromagnetic electrode. The device is based on a new high mobility perylene diimide-based n-type organic semiconductor. The effect originates from the tunneling injection from the LSMO contact and can thus occur even for organic layers which are too thick to support the assumption of tunneling through the layer. Magnetoresistance measurements show a clear spin-valve signal, with the typical two step switching pattern caused by the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the epitaxial magnetic electrode.
Frobenius morphisms and stability conditions

We generalize Deng-Du's folding argument, for the bounded derived category $\mathcal{D}(Q)$ of an acyclic quiver $Q$, to the finite dimensional derived category $\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$ of the Ginzburg algebra $\Gamma Q$ associated to $Q$. We show that the $F$-stable category of $\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$ is equivalent to the finite dimensional derived category $\mathcal{D}(\Gamma\mathbb{S})$ of the Ginzburg algebra $\Gamma\mathbb{S}$ associated to the species $\mathbb{S}$, which is folded from $Q$. If $(Q,\mathbb{S})$ is of Dynkin type, we prove that $\operatorname{Stab}\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{S})$ (resp. the principal component $\operatorname{Stab}^\circ\mathcal{D}(\Gamma\mathbb{S})$) of the space of the stability conditions of $\mathcal{D}(\mathbb{S})$ (resp. $\mathcal{D}(\Gamma\mathbb{S})$) is canonically isomorphic to $\operatorname{FStab}\mathcal{D}(Q)$ (resp. the principal component $\operatorname{FStab}^\circ\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$) of the space of $F$-stable stability conditions of $\mathcal{D}(Q)$ (resp. $\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$). There are two applications. One is for the space $\operatorname{NStab}\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$ of numerical stability conditions in $\operatorname{Stab}^\circ\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$. We show that $\operatorname{NStab}\mathcal{D}(\Gamma Q)$ consists of $\operatorname{Br} Q/\operatorname{Br} \mathbb{S}$ many connected components, each of which is isomorphic to $\operatorname{Stab}^\circ\mathcal{D}(\Gamma\mathbb{S})$, for $(Q,\mathbb{S})$ is of type $(A_3, B_2)$ or $(D_4, G_2)$. The other is that we relate the $F$-stable stability conditions to the Gepner type stability conditions.
PROPERTIES OF DIFFUSE INTERSTELLAR BANDS AT DIFFERENT PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) can trace different conditions of the interstellar medium (ISM) along the sightline toward the observed stars. A small survey was made in optical wavelengths, producing high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra. We present measurements of 19 DIBs' properties in 50 sightlines toward hot stars, distributed at a variety of galactic coordinates and interstellar reddening. Equivalent widths were obtained by fitting asymmetric Gaussian and variable continua to DIBs. Conditions of the ISM were calculated from eight atomic and molecular interstellar lines. Two distinctly different types of DIBs were identified by carefully comparing correlation coefficients between DIBs and reddening and by different behavior in UV-shielded (ζ) and nonshielded (σ) sightlines. A ratio of DIBs at 5780 Å and 5797 Å proved to be reliable enough to distinguish between two different sightline types. Based on the linear relations between DIB equivalent width and reddening for σ and ζ sightlines, we divide DIBs into type I (where both linear relations are similar) and type II (where they are significantly different). The linear relation for ζ type sightlines always shows a higher slope and larger x-intercept parameter than the relation for σ sightlines. Scatter around the linear relation is reduced after the separation, but it does not vanish completely. This means that UV shielding is the dominant factor of the DIB equivalent width versus reddening relation shape for ζ sightlines, but in σ sightlines other physical parameters play a major role. No similar dependency on gas density, electron density, or turbulence was observed. A catalog of all observed interstellar lines is made public.
{110}
 planar faults in strained bcc metals: Origins and implications of a commonly observed artifact of classical potentials

Large-scale atomistic simulations with classical potentials can provide valuable insights into microscopic deformation mechanisms and defect-defect interactions in materials. Unfortunately, these assets often come with the uncertainty of whether the observed mechanisms are based on realistic physical phenomena or whether they are artifacts of the employed material models. One such example is the often reported occurrence of stable planar faults (PFs) in body-centered cubic (bcc) metals subjected to high strains, e.g., at crack tips or in strained nano-objects. In this paper, we study the strain dependence of the generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) of {110} planes in various bcc metals with material models of increasing sophistication, i.e., (modified) embedded atom method, angular-dependent, Tersoff, and bond-order potentials as well as density functional theory. We show that under applied tensile strains the GSFE curves of many classical potentials exhibit a local minimum which gives rise to the formation of stable PFs. These PFs do not appear when more sophisticated material models are used and have thus to be regarded as artifacts of the potentials. We demonstrate that the local GSFE minimum is not formed for reasons of symmetry and we recommend including the determination of the strain-dependent (110) GSFE as a benchmark for newly developed potentials.
Quantum error correction against photon loss using NOON states

The so-called NOON states are quantum optical resources known to be useful especially for quantum lithography and metrology. At the same time, they are known to be very sensitive to photon losses and rather hard to produce experimentally. Concerning the former, here we present a scheme where NOON states are the elementary resources for building quantum error correction codes against photon losses, thus demonstrating that such resources can also be useful to suppress the effect of loss. Our NOON-code is an exact code that can be systematically extended from one-photon to higher-number losses. Its loss scaling depending on the codeword photon number is the same as for some existing, exact loss codes such as bosonic and quantum parity codes, but its codeword mode number is intermediate between that of the other codes. Another generalisation of the NOON-code is given for arbitrary logical qudits instead of logical qubits. While, in general, the final codewords are always obtainable from multi-mode NOON states through application of beam splitters, both codewords for the one-photon-loss qubit NOON-code can be simply created from single-photon states with beam splitters. We give various examples and also discuss a potential application of our qudit code for quantum communication.
HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS OF CONVECTION PRECEDING IGNITION IN TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE USING ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT

We extend our previous three-dimensional, full-star simulations of the final hours of convection preceding ignition in Type Ia supernovae to higher resolution using the adaptive mesh refinement capability of our low Mach number code, MAESTRO. We report the statistics of the ignition of the first flame at an effective 4.34 km resolution and general flow field properties at an effective 2.17 km resolution. We find that off-center ignition is likely, with radius of 50 km most favored and a likely range of 40–75 km. This is consistent with our previous coarser (8.68 km resolution) simulations, implying that we have achieved sufficient resolution in our determination of likely ignition radii. The dynamics of the last few hot spots preceding ignition suggest that a multiple ignition scenario is not likely. With improved resolution, we can more clearly see the general flow pattern in the convective region, characterized by a strong outward plume with a lower speed recirculation. We show that the convective core is turbulent with a Kolmogorov spectrum and has a lower turbulent intensity and larger integral length scale than previously thought (on the order of 16 km s−1 and 200 km, respectively), and we discuss the potential consequences for the first flames.
Background Stratospheric Aerosol Investigations Using Multi-Color Wide-Field Measurements of the Twilight Sky

First results of multi-wavelength measurements of the twilight sky background using all-sky camera with RGB-color CCD conducted in spring and summer of 2016 in central Russia (55.2 deg N, 37.5 deg E) are discussed. They show the effect of aerosol scattering at altitudes up to 35 km which significantly increases to the long-wave range (624 nm, R channel). Analysis of sky color behavior during the light period of twilight with account of ozone Chappuis absorption allows retrieving the angle dependencies of scattering on the stratospheric aerosol particles. This is used to find the parameters of lognormal size distribution: median radius about 0.08 microns and width 1.5-1.6 for stratospheric altitude range.
Adaptive Graph Representation for Clustering

Many graph construction methods for clustering cannot consider both local and global data structures in the construction of initial graph. Meanwhile, redundant features or even outliers and data with important characteristics are addressed equally in the graph optimization process. These lead to the learned representation graph may not capture the optimal structure when clustering. This paper proposes a novel model for clustering, named adaptive graph construction and low-rank representation of weighted noise (ACLWN), to overcome these problems. ACLWN is composed of an adaptive representation graph construction model named ARG, and an adaptive weighted sparse representation graph learning model named AWSG. In ARG, manifold learning and sparse representation are employed to capture the local structure of data. In AWSG, an adaptive weighted matrix is proposed to strengthen the important features and improve the robustness of the low-dimensional representation graph. Moreover, constraints such as non-negative low-rank, sparsity and distance regularization terms are imposed to capture the local and global structures of data. Comprehensive experimental results show that our method outperforms the compared state-of-the-art methods. The low-dimensional representation graph constructed by ACLWN is more suitable for clustering.
A cross-sectional study to develop an early risk prediction tool for gestational diabetes mellitus for antenatal women diagnosed with this condition based on their characteristics and past obstetric history

Background: In India, the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is estimated to be 10%–14.3%, which is higher than in Western countries. Out of 10 pregnancies, one is associated with diabetes, and 90% of them are GDM. GDM influences not only maternal complications but also neonatal complications. Moreover, women with GDM and their children are at increased risk of developing type-2 diabetes later. Method and Material: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 220 patients to develop an early risk prediction tool for GDM for antenatal women diagnosed with this condition based on their characteristics and past obstetric history. Results: The mean age (in years) of patients in the study was 27.69 ± 5.07. One hundred and twenty-six patients (57.27%) had a family history of DM in their first relatives. Eighty-three (58.86%) patients had a history of complications in a previous pregnancy. Conclusion: The early risk predictor tool with age, prepregnancy, body mass index (BMI), family history of DM, gravidity, past history of menstrual cycle, and complications in a previous pregnancy was easy to operate, and all predictors were easily obtained in the first trimester in primary healthcare centers.
Effect of ginger extract (Zingiber officinale) as a natural antioxidant on sunflower oil oxidation

Oil oxidation is significant for acceptability, nutritional quality, and toxicity of edible oils. Antioxidant supplementation for oil is a common and fundamental strategy for improving its oxidative stability and prolonging induction time. Ginger contains natural antioxidants such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Ginger extracts were prepared by extraction with different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone and water). Ethanolic ginger extract had the highest yield (10.52%), whereas the aqueous extract had the lowest yield (8.10%). Also, the ethanolic extract was the highest in the content of phenolic and flavonoid compounds (75.17 and 19.55 mg/g, respectively), followed by methanolic extract (67.24 and 17.46 mg/g, respectively). Thus, further elaboration focused on the ethanolic extract. The scavenging ability of ginger extract was dose-dependent; it increased with the increase in ginger extract concentration. As expected, the ginger extract had lower DPPH scavenging activity than BHT (synthetic antioxidant). Free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), conjugated dienes (CD) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value were used to evaluate the effect of ginger extract as a natural antioxidant on sunflower oil oxidation. The higher the concentration of ginger extract, the lower the magnitude of FFA, PV, CD, and TBA in sunflower oil. According to our findings, the level of sunflower oil supplementation with ginger extract should be below 600 mg/kg. The result of this study suggests that ginger extract can be recommended as a natural antioxidant to retard sunflower oil oxidation.
The Continuous Relative Deficiency of Intracellular Potassium Is a Core Mechanism for the Occurrence and Metastasis of Tumor Cancer Cells

The core mechanism for occurrence of tumor cancer cells is related to the continuous relative deficiency of potassium ions in the cells of organs and tissues, which results in em-bryonic like proliferation and differentiation in the affected cells. The purpose of the metastasis of cancer cells is to obtain and utilize the potassium resources in other organs in body. However, if the overall potassium storage in body is obviously insufficient, the me-tastatic cancer cells still fail to achieve the purpose of obtaining enough potassium and turn into normal cells, further proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells will continue, and finally will lead to functional decline in the organs and tissues affected or death. Therefore, the key means to prevent and treat tumors and cancers is to ensure the normal and balanced potassium ions in cells in various organs and tissues, so as to avoid the formation of tumors and cancer cells caused by obvious deficiency of potassium ions.
Reciprocity Failure in HgCdTe Detectors: Measurements and Mitigation

A detailed study of reciprocity failure in four 1.7 μm cutoff HgCdTe near-infrared detectors is presented. The sensitivity to reciprocity failure is approximately 0.1% decade-1 over up to 5 orders of magnitude in illumination intensity. The four detectors, which represent three successive production runs with modified growth recipes, show large differences in amount and spatial structure of reciprocity failure. Reciprocity failure could be reduced to negligible levels by cooling the detectors to about 110 K. No wavelength dependence was observed. The observed spatial structure appears to be weakly correlated with image persistence.
A cross-sectional survey: The “Saudi guidelines for the prevention and management of obesity”: Awareness and adaptation in Al-Qassim province

Background: Obesity and overweight are major health problems in Saudi Arabia. In response, with reference to studies both local and from abroad, the Saudi Ministry of Health and the Saudi Arabian Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery recently published the “Saudi Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity. ” Aims: We sought to investigate the awareness of and adherence to the “Guidelines” among health care professionals (HCPs) specializing in obesity in Al-Qassim province, Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: Al-Qassim province, cross-sectional survey. Methods and Materials: In a cross-sectional survey, a three-part questionnaire (i.e., demographic background, information about obesity, and information about the “Guidelines”) was distributed among HCPs in Al-Qassim province from January to April 2019. Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel. Results: Among the 72 HCPs who completed and returned the survey, knowledge of the “Guidelines” was low (40.3%). Most were not even aware of the document's existence (59.7%), and most had not received any training regarding the Saudi obesity control program (55%). Conclusions: The survey's findings suggest that HCPs in Al-Qassim province have limited knowledge about the “Saudi Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Obesity” and are mostly unaware of the document's existence. Even so, the overwhelming majority (82.8%) of HCPs who were aware have implemented the “Guidelines” in their clinical practice.
The use of circumferential guided waves to monitor axial cracks in pipes

Guided wave testing is in routine use to detect corrosion, particularly in the oil and gas sector, but the detection of axial cracking is difficult using the axially propagating waves commonly used for corrosion detection. This paper presents a novel guided wave monitoring technique for the detection of axial cracking in piping. Circumferential SH0 waves, travelling around the circumference were used in a monitoring configuration to detect axial defects in a 6 inch schedule 80 steel pipe. Finite Element (FE) analysis showed that both the defect reflection and the decline in the transmitted SH0 wave can be used for defect detection. Baseline subtraction was utilised to produce residual signals that can be better analysed for small defect reflections. The Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of the residual signal after baseline subtraction was found to be the most satisfactory means of monitoring defect progression. An amplification effect was identified where the residual signal is compounded by continued interaction with the defect on each revolution of the incident wave. The FE predictions were validated by an experiment in which an Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) notch was grown in four stages. Temperature compensation using Location Specific Temperature Compensation (LSTC) was applied to the experimental data, allowing residuals to be compared for a ∼10 °C temperature swing over a monitoring period of over 2 months. It was determined that a 10 mm long (∼23% of wavelength), 5 mm deep (∼45% of the wall thickness) defect at an axial offset from the line of the transducers of 1.5 wavelengths (65 mm) would be readily detectable with a very high Probability of Detection (POD) and virtually no chance of a false call. Therefore, this novel guided wave monitoring system for axial crack detection is likely to be attractive for applications in a range of industries for its sensitivity to axial cracking combined with large coverage from a single transducer location.
Influence of the Microbiome Metagenomics and Epigenomics on Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The disease is seldomly detected early and this limits treatment options. Because of its heterogeneous and complex nature, the disease remains poorly understood. The literature supports the contribution of the gut microbiome in the carcinogenesis and chemoresistance of GC. Drug resistance is the major challenge in GC therapy, occurring as a result of rewired metabolism. Metabolic rewiring stems from recurring genetic and epigenetic factors affecting cell development. The gut microbiome consists of pathogens such as H. pylori, which can foster both epigenetic alterations and mutagenesis on the host genome. Most of the bacteria implicated in GC development are Gram-negative, which makes it challenging to eradicate the disease. Gram-negative bacterium co-infections with viruses such as EBV are known as risk factors for GC. In this review, we discuss the role of microbiome-induced GC carcinogenesis. The disease risk factors associated with the presence of microorganisms and microbial dysbiosis are also discussed. In doing so, we aim to emphasize the critical role of the microbiome on cancer pathological phenotypes, and how microbiomics could serve as a potential breakthrough in determining effective GC therapeutic targets. Additionally, consideration of microbial dysbiosis in the GC classification system might aid in diagnosis and treatment decision-making, taking the specific pathogen/s involved into account.
Dynamics near QCD critical point by dynamic renormalization group

We work out the basic analysis on dynamics near the QCD critical point (CP) by the dynamic renormalization group (RG). In addition to the RG analysis by coarse-graining, we construct the nonlinear Langevin equation as a basic equation for the critical dynamics. Our construction is based on the generalized Langevin theory and the relativistic hydrodynamics. Applying the dynamic RG to the constructed equation, we derive the RG equation for the transport coefficients and analyze their critical behaviors. We find that the resulting RG equation turns out to be the same as that for the liquid-gas CP except for an insignificant constant. Therefore, the bulk viscosity and the thermal conductivity strongly diverge at the QCD CP. We also show that the thermal and viscous diffusion modes exhibit critical slowing down with the dynamic critical exponents z{sub thermal}{approx}3 and z{sub viscous}{approx}2, respectively. In contrast, the sound propagating mode shows critical speeding up with the negative exponent z{sub sound}{approx}-0.8.