Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian approach to the modelling of α Cen A

Determining the physical characteristics of a star is an inverse problem consisting of estimating the parameters of models for the stellar structure and evolution, and knowing certain observable quantities. We use a Bayesian approach to solve this problem for α Cen A, which allows us to incorporate prior information on the parameters to be estimated, in order to better constrain the problem. Our strategy is based on the use of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm to estimate the posterior probability densities of the stellar parameters: mass, age, initial chemical composition, etc. We use the stellar evolutionary code astec to model the star. To constrain this model both seismic and non-seismic observations were considered. Several different strategies were tested to fit these values, using either two free parameters or five free parameters in astec. We are thus able to show evidence that MCMC methods become efficient with respect to more classical grid-based strategies when the number of parameters increases. The results of our MCMC algorithm allow us to derive estimates for the stellar parameters and robust uncertainties thanks to the statistical analysis of the posterior probability densities. We are also able to compute odds for the presence of a convective core in α Cen A. When using core-sensitive seismic observational constraints, these can rise above ∼40 per cent. The comparison of results to previous studies also indicates that these seismic constraints are of critical importance for our knowledge of the structure of this star.
THE BIVARIATE SIZE–LUMINOSITY RELATIONS FOR LYMAN BREAK GALAXIES AT z ∼ 4–5

We study the bivariate size–luminosity distribution of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) selected at redshifts around 4 and 5 in GOODS and the HUDF fields. We model the size–luminosity distribution as a combination of log-normal distribution (in size) and Schechter function (in luminosity), therefore it enables a more detailed study of the selection effects. We perform extensive simulations to quantify the dropout-selection completenesses and measurement biases and uncertainties in two-dimensional size and magnitude bins, and transform the theoretical size–luminosity distribution to the expected distribution for the observed data. Using maximum-likelihood estimator, we find that the Schechter function parameters for B435-dropouts and are consistent with the values in the literature, but the size distributions are wider than expected from the angular momentum distribution of the underlying dark matter halos. The slope of the size–luminosity (RL) relation is similar to those found for local disk galaxies, but considerably shallower than local early-type galaxies.
Element abundances at high redshift: MIKE observations of sub-damped Lyman α absorbers at 1.7 < z < 2.4

We present chemical abundance measurements from high-resolution observations of 5 sub-damped Lyman-alpha absorbers at 1.7 < z < 2.4 observed with the Magellan Inamori Kyocera Echelle (MIKE) spectrograph on the 6.5-m Magellan II Clay telescope. Lines of Zn II, Mg I, Mg II, Al II, Al III, S II, Si II, Si IV, C II, C II*, C IV, Ni II, Mn II and Fe II were detected and column densities were determined. The metallicity of the absorbing gas, inferred from the nearly undepleted element Zn, is in the range of < -0.95 to +0.25 dex for the five absorbers in our sample, with three of the systems being near-solar or super-solar. We also investigate the effect of ionisation on the observed abundances using photoionisation modelling. Combining our data with other sub-DLA and DLA data from the literature, we report the most complete existing determination of the metallicity vs. redshift relation for sub-DLAs and DLAs. We confirm the suggestion from previous investigations that sub-DLAs are, on average, more metal-rich than DLAs and evolve faster. We also discuss relative abundances and abundance ratios in these absorbers. The more metal-rich systems show significant dust depletion levels, as suggested by the ratios [Zn/Cr] and [Zn/Fe]. For the majority of the systems in our sample, the [Mn/Fe] vs. [Zn/H] trend is consistent with that seen previously for lower-redshift sub-DLAs. We also measure the velocity width values for the sub-DLAs in our sample from unsaturated absorption lines of Fe II 2344, 2374, 2600 A, and examine where these systems lie in a plot of metallicity vs. velocity dispersion. Finally, we examine cooling rate vs. H I column density in these sub-DLAs, and compare this with the data from DLAs and the Milky Way ISM. We find that most of the systems in our sample show higher cooling rate values compared to those seen in the DLAs.
Barriers to PPP Projects in Construction Sector of Pakistan

Public Private Partnership (PPP) is a mechanism adopted to support the development in a country facing financial problems. In achieving successful PPP projects, one of the major criteria is attaining value for money. There are several barriers which can affect adoption of PPP which are essential to uncover for enhancing the adoption level of PPP. Hence, this project has focused on identifying barriers affecting PPP projects of Pakistan. Data collection for this study was done through questionnaire survey among the personnel involved in handling PPP projects. From statistical analysis of collected data it was found that unhealthy bid competition, lack of managerial skills and experience and public sector related problems are major barriers in adoption of value for money in PPP projects of Pakistan.
Design of distributed observer-based controllers for bipartite containment of discrete-time descriptor MASs over signed digraphs

In this article, the bipartite containment control problem is considered for discrete-time linear descriptor multi-agent systems (DMASs) with multiple dynamic leaders under fixed signed digraph topology, in which each leader can be autonomous or evolving dynamically via communicating with other leaders in its neighbourhood. Based upon the properties of the solutions to discrete-time modified generalised algebraic Riccati equations(MGAREs), three different types of distributed observer-based protocols utilising only available local information are devised. Algorithms for constructing the devised protocols are also presented. Moreover, sufficient conditions ensuring the bipartite containment of the DMASs are established. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented protocols is validated by numerical simulations.
Continuous-Time Markov Chains and Applications: A Two-Time-Scale Approach

Prologue and Preliminaries: Introduction and overview- Mathematical preliminaries. - Markovian models. - Two-Time-Scale Markov Chains: Asymptotic Expansions of Solutions for Forward Equations. - Occupation Measures: Asymptotic Properties and Ramification. - Asymptotic Expansions of Solutions for Backward Equations. - Applications:MDPs, Near-optimal Controls, Numerical Methods, and LQG with Switching: Markov Decision Problems. - Stochastic Control of Dynamical Systems. - Numerical Methods for Control and Optimization. - Hybrid LQG Problems. - References. - Index. -
WAS AN OUTBURST OF AQUILA X-1 A MAGNETIC FLARE?

I point to an interesting similarity in the radio and the soft X-ray light curves between the 2009 November outburst of the X-ray binary Aquila X-1 and some solar flares. The ratio of the soft X-ray and radio luminosities of Aquila X-1 in that outburst is also similar to some weak solar flares, as is the radio spectrum near 8 GHz. Based on these as well as on some other recent studies that point to some similar properties of accretion disk coronae and stellar flares, such as the ratio of radio to X-ray luminosities, I speculate that the soft X-ray outburst of Aquila X-1 was related to a huge magnetic flare from its disk corona.
An Accelerated Level-Set Method for Inverse Scattering Problems

We propose a rapid and robust iterative algorithm to solve inverse acoustic scattering problems formulated as a PDE constrained shape optimization problem. We use a level-set method to represent the obstacle geometry and propose a new scheme for updating the geometry based on an adaptation of accelerated gradient descent methods. The resulting algorithm aims at reducing the number of iterations and improving the accuracy of reconstructions. To cope with regularization issues, we pro-pose a smoothing to the shape gradient using a single layer potential associated with ik where k is the wave number. Numerical experiments are given for several data types (full aperture, backscattering, phaseless, multiple frequencies) and show that our method outperforms a non accelerated approach in terms of convergence speed, accuracy and sensitivity to initial guesses.
Testing Modified Gravity (MOG) with gas-dominated galaxies

We compare the MOG and MOND predictions of the Tully-Fisher relationship to observations using gas-rich galaxies for which the baryonic mass can be estimated accurately. We find that both theories are in good agreement with the data. Future observations of large, gas-rich galaxies may offer a means to distinguish between these two theories.
Coming New Age of Marine Glycomics: The Fundamental, Medical, and Ecological Aspects

This Special Issue "Marine Glycomics" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs/special_issues/Marine_Glycomics, accessed on 12 September 2022) provided new approachesand information on bioactive compounds, such as glycans and lectins from marine animals,seaweeds, and microorganisms for the application of clinical therapy and elucidation of thephysiological functions of marine organisms [. ].
HUMAN NEEDS FULFILLMENT: CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF EUDAIMONIC WELLBEING

The Maslow hierarchy of needs and Eudaimonic Wellbeing (EWB), which falls under the Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) discipline, are the two concepts that are covered in the study. Issue: The hierarchy of needs does not require that people have to completely fulfil one need before moving up to the succeeding need. Recognizing human needs that are meaningful in promoting SWB, in this instance eudaimonia, is crucial to comprehending the hierarchy's relevance. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to look at the degree of EWB in connection to the difficulty and convenience of meeting human needs in Malaysia. Approach: Mann Whitney U-Tests were employed to determine the median of HF across the difficulty and convenience of meeting 24 human needs. These human needs are the essentials and living conditions for which people strive for. Findings: EWB is considerably increased by the convenience with which the majority of human needs can be met. The research also suggested that satisfying eight human needs for which EWB did not vary considerably was unlikely to impact EWB. These eight requirements were categorised by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as biological and physiological needs, safety and security needs, belonging and love needs, and self-actualization needs.
Quantum probabilities from combination of Zurekʼs envariance and Gleasonʼs theorem

The quantum-mechanical rule for probabilities, in its most general form of positive-operator valued measure, is shown to be a consequence of the environment-assisted invariance (envariance) idea suggested by Zurek (2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 120404), and completed by Gleasonʼs theorem. This rule also provides a method for derivation of the Born rule.
Enabling unmanned aerial vehicle to serve ground users in downlink NOMA system

The emergence of internet-of-things (IoT) devices in homes and industry, has resulted in the current and future generation of wireless communications facing unique challenges in spectral efficiency, energy efficiency, and massive connectivity issues. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been proposed as a viable solution to address these challenges as it offers low-latency, spectral efficiency, and massive connectivity capabilities, which are key requirements in upcoming next-generation networks. In addition, another technology that has emerged as a solution to spectral efficiency and coverage is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Therefore, the combination of UAVs with NOMA has great potential to minimize the challenges and maximize the benefits. Specifically, we investigate the outage performance of the NOMA-UAV network over Nakagami-m channel fading. To this end, we derive a closed-form outage performance metric. The formulated framework is validated using simulations to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
The magnitude-redshift relation in a realistic inhomogeneous universe

The light rays from a source are subject to a local inhomogeneous geometry generated by inhomogeneous matter distribution as well as the existence of collapsed objects. In this paper we investigate the effect of inhomogeneities and the existence of collapsed objects on the propagation of light rays and evaluate changes in the magnitude-redshift relation from the standard relationship found in a homogeneous FRW universe. We give the expression of the correlation function and the variance for the perturbation of apparent magnitude, and calculate it numerically by using the non-linear matter power spectrum. We use the lognormal probability distribution function for the density contrast and spherical collapse model to truncate the power spectrum in order to estimate the blocking effect by collapsed objects. We find that the uncertainties in Ωm is ∼ 0.02, and that of w is ∼ 0.04 . We also discuss a possible method to extract these effects from real data which contains intrinsic ambiguities associated with the absolute magnitude.
Current status of acute ischemic stroke management in Iran: Findings from a single-center study

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the current status of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management in an Iranian emergency department (ED). METHODS: A descriptive study using a retrospective chart review was conducted on medical records of 270 patients with AIS who presented to the ED of a tertiary university hospital in the northeast of Iran from March 22 to September 22, 2019. The steps of this review process included instrument identification, medical records retrieval, data extraction, and data verification. RESULTS: Of patients with AIS, 88.9% (n = 240) did not receive stroke code activation. For the 11.1% of patients (n = 30) who received activation, 7% of codes (n = 19) were canceled by the acute stroke team and IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) was only administered for 4.1% of patients (n = 11). ED arrival outside 4.5 h from symptom onset was the main barrier to IV r-tPA administration for 83.8% of potentially eligible patients with AIS (n = 217). The median door-to-needle time was 70 min (interquartile range: 47–90 min). CONCLUSIONS: There was a better clinical performance in terms of critical time goals in potentially eligible patients with AIS if managed with stroke team activation compared to no stroke team activation.
Temperature condensation trend in the debris-disk binary system ζ2 Reticuli

Fil: Saffe, Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronomicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronomicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales. Departamento de Geologia; Argentina
Disorder-induced transition between s± and s++ states in two-band superconductors

We have reexamined the problem of disorder in two-band superconductors, and shown, within the framework of the T-matrix approximation, that the suppression of Tc can be described by a single parameter depending on the intraband and interband impurity scattering rates. Tc is shown to be more robust against nonmagnetic impurities than would be predicted in the trivial extension of Abrikosov-Gor'kov theory. We find a disorder-induced transition from the s± state to a gapless and then to a fully gapped s++ state, controlled by a single parameter—the sign of the average coupling constant ⟨λ⟩. We argue that this transition has strong implications for experiments.
ALBERT with Knowledge Graph Encoder Utilizing Semantic Similarity for Commonsense Question Answering

Recently, pre-trained language representation models such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) have been performing well in commonsense question answering (CSQA). However, there is a problem that the models do not directly use explicit information of knowledge sources existing outside. To augment this, additional methods such as knowledge-aware graph network (KagNet) and multi-hop graph relation network (MHGRN) have been proposed. In this study, we propose to use the latest pre-trained language model a lite bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (ALBERT) with knowledge graph information extraction technique. We also propose to applying the novel method, schema graph expansion to recent language models. Then, we analyze the effect of applying knowledge graph-based knowledge extraction techniques to recent pre-trained language models and confirm that schema graph expansion is effective in some extent. Furthermore, we show that our proposed model can achieve better performance than existing KagNet and MHGRN models in CommonsenseQA dataset.
Preoperative lung nodule localization: comparison of hook-wire and indocyanine green

Introduction Computed tomography (CT)-guided localization approaches are commonly used to guide video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS)-based lung nodule (LN) resection. Aim To compare the relative safety and efficacy of CT-guided hook-wire (HW) and indocyanine green (IG) approaches to preoperative LN localization. Material and methods In total, this study analyzed data from 41 patients who underwent CT-guided HW localization prior to VATS-based LN resection between December 2017 and December 2020, as well as 53 patients who underwent CT-guided IG localization prior to VATS-based LN resection between January 2021 and September 2021. Both clinical efficacy and complication rates were compared in these two groups. Results Overall, 41 patients underwent HW localization for 42 LNs, while 53 patients underwent IG localization for 55 LNs in the respective groups. The respective rates of successful localization in the HW and IG groups were 97.6% and 100% (p = 1.000). The average duration of CT-guided localization was significantly shorter for patients in the IG group relative to the HW group (p = 0.003). The total complication rate was significantly higher in the HW group than that in the IG group (p = 0.004). Prolonged localization duration was an independent risk factor of pneumothorax (p = 0.004). Rates of technical success for the wedge resection procedure (p = 1.000), VATS duration (p = 0.623), and blood loss (p = 0.800) were comparable in both patient groups. Conclusions HW and IG localization procedures achieved similar efficacy outcomes when used to preoperatively localize LNs. However, IG localization may exhibit better safety than HW localization.
Activation of entanglement in teleportation

We study the activation of entanglement in teleportation protocols. To this end, we present a derivation of the average fidelity of the teleportation process with a noisy classical channel for qudits. In our work, we do not make any assumptions about the entangled states shared by communicating parties. Our result allows us to specify the minimum amount of classical information required to beat the classical limit when the protocol is based on the Bell measurements. We also compare the average fidelity of teleportation obtained using a noisy and perfect classical channel with restricted capacity. The most important insight into the intricacies of quantum information theory that we gain is that, although entanglement is obviously a necessary resource for efficient teleportation, it requires a certain threshold amount of classical communication to be more useful than classical communication. Another interesting finding is that the amount of classical communication required to activate entanglement for teleportation purposes depends on the dimension d of the system being teleported but is not monotonic, reaching a maximum for d = 4.
The 3-, 4-, and 5-flavor NNLO Parton from Deep-Inelastic-Scattering Data and at Hadron Colliders

We determine the parton distribution functions (PDFs) in a n ext-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCDanalysis of the inclusive neutral-current deep-inelastic cattering (DIS) world data combined with the neutrino-nucleon DIS di-muon data and the fixed-target Drell-Yan d ta. The PDF-evolution is performed in the Nf = 3 fixed-flavor scheme and supplementary sets of PDFs in the 4a nd 5-flavor schemes are derived from the results in the 3-flavor scheme using matching condit ions. The charm-quark DIS contribution is calculated in a general-mass variable-flavor-number (GM VFN) scheme interpolating between the zeromass 4-flavor scheme at asymptotically large values of momen tum transferQ2 and the 3-flavor scheme at the value ofQ2 = mc in a prescription of Buza-Matiounine-Smith-van Neerven (B MSN). The results in the GMVFN scheme are compared with those of the fixed-flavor scheme and other prescriptions used in global fits of PDFs. The strong coupling constant is measur ed at an accuracy of ≈ 1.5%. We obtain at NNLO αs(M Z) = 0.1135± 0.0014 in the fixed-flavor scheme and αs(M 2 Z) = 0.1129± 0.0014 applying the BMSN prescription. The implications for important stan d rd candle and hard scattering processes at hadron colliders are illustrated. Predictions for cross se ctions ofW±andZ-boson, the top-quark pairand Higgs-boson production at the Tevatron and the LHC based on t he 5-flavor PDFs of the present analysis are provided. 1e-mail: sergey.alekhin@ihep.ru 2e-mail: johannes.bluemlein@desy.de 3e-mail: sebastian.klein@desy.de 4e-mail: sven-olaf.moch@desy.de
Advances in Exosomes as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers for Gynaecological Malignancies

Simple Summary The three major gynaecological cancers are ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer, which endanger women’s health worldwide. Significant progress has been made in the study of exosomes, which have been proven to be an important form of intercellular communication, as well as an important carrier for the uptake, transport, and release of cargo. Exosomes may also be promising diagnostic or prognostic markers for gynaecologic malignancies, which may improve the level of treatment of gynaecologic malignancies. This article reviews the latest research progress and systematic knowledge of exosomes in gynaecological malignant tumours in recent years, in order to provide a new perspective for the treatment of gynaecological tumours and promote the clinical application of exosomes in gynaecological malignancies. Abstract Background: Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that can be released by practically all types of cells. They have a diameter of 30–150 nm. Exosomes control the exchange of materials and information between cells. This function is based on its special cargo-carrying and transporting functions, which can load a variety of useful components and guarantee their preservation. Recently, exosomes have been confirmed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of gynaecological malignancies. Particularly, participation in liquid biopsy was studied extensively in gynaecological cancer, which holds the advantages of noninvasiveness and individualization. Literature Review: This article reviews the latest research progress of exosomes in gynaecological malignancies and discusses the involvement of humoral and cell-derived exosomes in the pathogenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and treatment of ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, and endometrial cancer. Advances in the clinical application of exosomes in diagnostic technology, drug delivery, and overcoming tumour resistance are also presented. Conclusion: Exosomes are potentially diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in gynaecological malignancies, and also provide new directions for the treatment of gynaecological tumours, showing great clinical potential.