Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Hail Events for Landslides and Bedload Transport in Austrian Alpine Torrents

Landslides and bedload transport can be a threat to people, infrastructure, and vegetation. Many detailed hydrometeorological trigger mechanisms of such natural hazards are still poorly understood. This is in particular valid concerning hail as a trigger of these processes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of hail on landslides and bedload transport in alpine torrents. Based on a generated table from an event register of mountain processes maintained by the Avalanche and Torrent Control Unit (WLV) and weather data provided by the Centre for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG), 1,573 observed events between 1980 and 2019 in 79 Austrian alpine sites are analysed. Thiessen polygons are used to regionalise local weather data to adjacent regions. The spatial extend of these regions are merged with the registered torrential events. As a result of a stepwise filtering of the used data, the final inventory was created.The results show that 95.1% of the investigated torrential processes triggered by hailstorms are debris flows or debris flow-like transports. Within the study period, a peak of hail-triggered landslides and bedload transport can be recognised in the first 10 days of August in all 39 years. Furthermore, the results suggest that hail is rather a direct than an indirect trigger for landslides and bedload transport.Overall, we conclude that the influence of hail on landslides and bedload transport is significant. Respective hydrometeorological triggering conditions should be included in any regions. Further research for this topic is required to explore the process dynamics in greater detail.
Investigation of Energy Management during Approach: Evaluating the Total Energy-Based Perspective Flight-Path Display

This paper covers an analysis of the energy management task during the approach phase as well as the design of an experiment supporting this analysis. The energy management task is analyzed using the concept of energy rate demand, which expresses the amount of total energy to be lost in comparison to the minimal energy rate the aircraft can attain at the current speed and configuration. Energy rate demand is explicitly defined by the altitude and speed profile and indicates the demand put on the aircraft by the approach trajectory. A number of approach trajectories are analyzed including a conventional approach, a Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) and a new, experimental, Constant Energy Rate Demand Approach (CERDA). An experiment has been carried out using a total energy-based perspective flight-path display. The results are used to assess the benefits of adding energy information to a tunnel-in-the-sky display and to gain more insight into the energy management task by comparing the different types of energy management as well as energy rate demand with workload and performance. The hypothesis that adding energy information to a baseline tunnel-in-the-sky display will increase the pilot’s energy awareness is supported, however, the hypothesis that the workload would decrease with the energy display has been rejected. No relation could be found between energy rate demand, workload, and performance, rejecting the hypothesis that the performance would decrease and the workload increase with increasing energy rate demand.
Will Developing Countries be the Early Adopters of Genetically Engineered Forests

Although anticipation of a biotechnology revolution has led to expectations of high rates of adoption and substantial financial returns, one area that has been slow to develop is that of tree biotechnology, particularly genetically engineered (GE) trees designed for the production of wood for industrial purposes (e.g., lumber and paper). Although the costs associated with transgenic trees are substantial, GE trees have the potential to provide substantial financial and economic returns under a vari- ety of conditions. This paper examines the likely relative costs and returns in industrial and developing countries related to the introduction of GE trees. It suggests that certain developing countries have attributes that may impart a comparative advan- tage in investments in adopting and planting transgenic trees.
A new static induction thyristor with high forward blocking voltage and excellent switching performances

A new static induction thyristor (SITH) with a strip anode region and p− buffer layer structure (SAP−B) has been successfully designed and fabricated. This structure is composed of a p− buffer layer and lightly doped n− regions embedded in the p+-emitter. Compared with the conventional structure of a buried-gate with a diffused source region (DSR buried-gate), besides the simple fabrication process, the forward blocking voltage of this SITH has been increased to 1600 V from the previous value of 1000 V, the blocking gain increased from 40 to 70, and the turn-off time decreased from 0.8 to 0.4 μs.
A RANS-based statistical noise model for trailing edge noise

ow velocities. The method uses a Green’s function for a semi-innite half-plane to generate a far-eld acoustic autospectrum using a statistical model for the turbulence in the boundary layer in the vicinity of the trailing edge. This statistical model is an assumed turbulent velocity cross spectrum, and is dened in terms of the mean ow data provided by a RANS simulation. Reasonably good agreement is observed between acoustic predictions and experiments for the NACA 0012 cases. For the DU 96-180, the model over-predicts the experimental acoustic spectra.
The adoption of industry 4.0 and digitalisation of Hungarian SMEs

Hungarian small- and medium-sized enterprises are facing the challenges of digitalisation and innovation to survive fierce competition in the era of Industry 4.0, and particularly of COVID-19. Survival in the heavily hit sectors depends on the degree of digitalisation and involvement in e-commerce. This paper aims to examine Hungarian SMEs’ current scale of digitalisation and adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. It also analyses the role of the Hungarian government’s support for SMEs’ digital transformation. To this end, secondary data were collected from Eurostat, the European Commission and the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, including the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), indices of skills and innovation from SME performance reviews and sectoral business statistics. In processing the data, the study strictly followed the European Commission’ classification protocol, complemented by a qualitative analysis of reports and programmes related to digitalisation and Industry 4.0 in Hungary. The findings reveal that there is a further need for strengthening the digitalisation and innovation capacities of Hungarian SMEs. The effects of introduced measures could not be seen yet. Hence, the Hungarian government should continue to support SMEs’ digital transformation in order to increase their role in high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services.
An In Situ Polymeric Electrolyte with Low Interfacial Resistance on Electrodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Due to their high energy density and safety, polymer electrolytes are considered a promising alternative to the commercial liquid electrolytes used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, in practical application, polymer electrolytes are limited by the high interface resistance between electrodes and electrolyte, leading to low ionic conductivity at room temperature (RT). In the present work, an in situ cationic ring‐opening technique is introduced using LiFSI as an initiator to address the issue of interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrodes in LIBs. Herein, a series of in situ poly(siloxane‐epoxy)‐based polymer electrolytes (PSEPEs) are synthesized, which present good thermal stability (158 °C), low glass transition temperature (Tg) (−42 °C), high ionic conductivity of 1.16 × 10–4 S cm–1, and good tLi+ of 0.61 at RT. The PSEPEs also show a wide electrochemical window (>4.7 V vs Li/Li+), and excellent compatibility with the lithium anode with an assembled LiFePO4/ PSEPEs /Li cell. This work contributes to developing a new polymer electrolyte fabricated by in situ cationic polymerization, and its effects on the reduction of the interfacial resistance of electrodes–electrolyte.
Design of temperature control system for perfusion hyperthermia based on MCU and FPGA

There are problems of poor characteristics on control and operation for existed hyperthermia equipment. This paper designs a temperature control system for the perfusion hyperthermia equipment. In this system, LCD and touch keys are used as the man-machine interface, and C8051F020 is used as main control, FPGA is used as main high speed memory, using gray forecast fuzzy PID control algorithm. And the equipment can realize control accuracy of 43±0.2 degree Celsius. This paper introduces the design of hardware and software of the temperature control for the hyperthermia equipment.
Human milk-based fortifier is associated with less alteration of milk fat globule size than cow milk-based fortifier

We aimed to evaluate if human milk-based fortifier (HMBF) affects human milk fat globule (MFG) size less than cow milk-based fortifier (CMBF), which may impact overall infant feeding tolerance. Measurements of donated human milk were performed before fortification as well as at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after fortification with CMBF or HMBF. MFG size in each sample of fortified milk was measured by laser light scattering. MFG size in the fortified milks increased gradually over time. At 24 and 48 hours after fortification, MFG size in the milk with CMBF was larger than that in the milk with HMBF (4.8 ± 0.5 vs 4.3 ± 0.3 μm, p<0.01, 5.1 ± 0.7 vs 4.5 ± 0.4 μm, p = 0.03, respectively). HMBF is associated with less alteration of MFG size than CMBF. This may have an impact on feeding tolerance of very preterm infants.
First insights into coral recruit and juvenile abundances at remote Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles

Coral recruitment and successive growth are essential for post-disturbance reef recovery. As coral recruit and juvenile abundances vary across locations and under different environmental regimes, their assessment at remote, undisturbed reefs improves our understanding of early life stage dynamics of corals. Here, we first explored changes in coral juvenile abundance across three locations (lagoon, seaward west and east) at remote Aldabra Atoll (Seychelles) between 2015 and 2019, which spanned the 2015/16 global coral bleaching event. Secondly, we measured variation in coral recruit abundance on settlement tiles from two sites (lagoon, seaward reef) during August 2018–August 2019. Juvenile abundance decreased from 14.1 ± 1.2 to 7.4 ± 0.5 colonies m-2 (mean ± SE) during 2015–2016 and increased to 22.4 ± 1.2 colonies m-2 during 2016–2019. Whilst juvenile abundance increased two- to three-fold at the lagoonal and seaward western sites during 2016–2018 (from 7.7–8.3 to 17.3–24.7 colonies m-2), increases at the seaward eastern sites occurred later (2018–2019; from 5.8–6.9 to 16.6–24.1 colonies m-2). The composition of coral recruits on settlement tiles was dominated by Pocilloporidae (64–92% of all recruits), and recruit abundance was 7- to 47-fold higher inside than outside the lagoon. Recruit abundance was highest in October–December 2018 (2164 ± 453 recruits m-2) and lowest in June–August 2019 (240 ± 98 recruits m-2). As Acroporid recruit abundance corresponded to this trend, the results suggest that broadcast spawning occurred during October–December, when water temperature increased from 26 to 29°C. This study provides the first published record on coral recruit abundance in the Seychelles Outer Islands, indicates a rapid (2–3 years) increase of juvenile corals following a bleaching event, and provides crucial baseline data for future research on reef resilience and connectivity within the region.
uKeMa: An Ultra-Lightweight Key Management and Authentication Scheme for Wearable Ad Hoc Networks Based on Body Language

Wearable consumer electronics such as Google glasses, Apple iWatch, Nike Shoes have been envisioned as next consuming hot spot. It invokes a large amount of applications in the personal healthy, personal safety, and digital entertainment. To save power consumption, those wearable devices usually connect to Internet via a smart phone that performs as a gateway. To avoid unauthorized access from unfriendly devices, it is desirable to encrypt the personal data in the communications of wearable devices. Therefore, the keys for encryption and integrity are required. In this paper, we make the first attempt to solve both key management and authentication together for wearable devices in an ultra-lightweight manner. We propose a scheme called uKeMa that can provide key generation, key updating and authentication for wearable devices with ultra-lightweight power consumption.
Estimation of wall parameters by exploiting correlation of echoes in time domain

Compensation of the effects of wall on through-the-wall synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging is a main concern. Wall parameters are essential for the compensation, which are normally not known a priori. After analysis of echo configuration characteristics in time domain, a new procedure for estimating wall parameters is proposed, which is based on the idea of exploiting the correlation between the measured returns reflected from the wall and the corresponding estimates calculated from a SAR return model of the wall together with electromagnetic theory. The new approach deals with echo data without imaging or localisation processing, and has a less resolution requirement.
A simplified compact model of miniaturized cross-shaped CMOS integrated Hall devices

A simplified compact model for a miniaturized cross-shaped CMOS integrated Hall device is presented. The model has a simple circuit structure, only consisting of a passive network with eight non-linear resistors and four current-controlled voltage sources. It completely considers the following effects: non-linear conductivity, geometry dependence of sensitivity, temperature drift, lateral diffusion, and junction field effect. The model has been implemented in Verilog-A hardware description language and was successfully performed in a Cadence Spectre simulator. The simulation results are in good accordance with the classic experimental results reported in the literature.
Toward Real-Time Muscle Force Inference and Device Control via Optical-Flow-Tracked Muscle Deformation

Despite the utility of musculoskeletal dynamics modeling, there exists no safe, noninvasive method of measuring in vivo muscle output force in real time — limiting both biomechanical insight into dexterous motion and intuitive control of assistive devices. In this paper, we demonstrate that muscle deformation constitutes a promising, yet unexplored signal from which to 1) infer such forces and 2) build novel device control schemes. Through a case study of the elbow joint on a preliminary cohort of 10 subjects, we show that muscle deformation (specifically, thickness change of the brachioradialis, as measured via ultrasound and tracked via optical flow) correlates well with elbow output force to an extent comparable with standard surface electromyography (sEMG) activation during varied isometric elbow contraction. We then show that, given real-time visual feedback, subjects can readily perform a trajectory tracking task using this deformation signal, and that they largely prefer this method to a comparable sEMG-based control scheme and perform the tracking task with similar accuracy. Together, these contributions illustrate muscle deformation’s potential utility for both biomechanical study of individual muscle dynamics and device control, in a manner that — thanks to, unlike sEMG, the localized nature of the signal and its tight mechanistic coupling to output force — is readily extensible to multiple muscles and device degrees of freedom. To enable such future extensions, all modeling, tracking, and visualization software described in this paper, as well as all raw and processed data, have been made available on SimTK as part of the Open-Arm project (https://simtk.org/projects/openarm) for general research use.
Explaining World-Wide Variation in Navigation Ability from Millions of People: Citizen Science Project Sea Hero Quest

Navigation ability varies widely across humans. Prior studies have reported that being younger and a male has an advantage for navigation ability. However, these studies have generally involved small numbers of participants from a handful of western countries. Here, we review findings from our project Sea Hero Quest, which used a video game for mobile and tablet devices to test 3.9 million people on their navigation ability, sampling across every nation-state and from 18 to 99 years of age. Results revealed that the task has good ecological validity and across all countries sufficiently sampled (N = 63), age is linked to a near-linear decline in navigation ability from the early 20s. All countries showed a male advantage, but this varied considerably and could be partly predicted by gender inequality. We found that those who reported growing up in a city were on average worse at navigating than those who grew up outside cities and that navigation performance helped identify those at greater genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease. We discuss the advantages and challenges of using a mobile app to study cognition and the future avenues for understanding individual differences in navigation ability arising from this research.
Transceiver architecture and digital down converter design for a long distance, low power HF ionospheric link

This paper describes the digital transceiver design used for an HF ionospheric link between the Spanish Antarctic Base and Spain. First the platform is described, focusing on the direct conversion receiver performance in terms of adjacent channel interference rejection. Then the digital down converter implementation is explored. In this field different alternatives are evaluated and a methodology based on cascaded short FIR filter structures that minimizes the required arithmetic bit-width is proposed.
Dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter based on double‐sided parallel‐strip line

This article presents a dual‐mode dual‐band bandpass filter based on double‐sided parallel‐strip line with an inserted conductor plane. Due to the isolation property of the conductor plane, this structure can provide two separate transmission paths to generate two passbands. No extra combination circuits are required at the input/output ports, simplifying the design and reducing circuit area. To demonstrate this idea, an experimental filter is implemented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1361–1363, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24315
Pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel for previously treated advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (KEYNOTE‐063): A randomized, open‐label, phase 3 trial in Asian patients

KEYNOTE‐063 (NCT03019588) investigated pembrolizumab versus paclitaxel as second‐line therapy in Asian patients with advanced programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1)–positive (combined positive score ≥1) gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer.
Efficient data race detection of async-finish programs using vector clocks

Existing data race detectors for task-based programs incur significant run time and space overheads. The overheads arise because of frequent lookups in fine-grained tree data structures to check whether two accesses can happen in parallel. This work shows how to efficiently apply vector clocks for dynamic race detection of async-finish programs with locks. Our proposed technique, FastRacer, builds on the FastTrack algorithm with per-task and per-variable optimizations to reduce the size of vector clocks. FastRacer exploits the structured parallelism of async-finish programs to use a coarse-grained encoding of the dynamic task inheritance relations to limit the metadata in the presence of many concurrent readers. Our evaluation shows that FastRacer improves time and space overheads over FastTrack and is competitive with the state-of-the-art race detectors for async-finish programs.
A graph representation based on fluid diffusion model for multimodal data analysis: theoretical aspects and enhanced community detection

Representing data by means of graph structures identifies one of the most valid approach to extract information in several data analysis applications. This is especially true when multimodal datasets are investigated, as records collected by means of diverse sensing strategies are taken into account and explored. Nevertheless, classic graph signal processing is based on a model for information propagation that is configured according to heat diffusion mechanism. This system provides several constraints and assumptions on the data properties that might be not valid for multimodal data analysis, especially when large scale datasets collected from heterogeneous sources are considered, so that the accuracy and robustness of the outcomes might be severely jeopardized. In this paper, we introduce a novel model for graph definition based on fluid diffusion. The proposed approach improves the ability of graph-based data analysis to take into account several issues of modern data analysis in operational scenarios, so to provide a platform for precise, versatile, and efficient understanding of the phenomena underlying the records under exam, and to fully exploit the potential provided by the diversity of the records in obtaining a thorough characterization of the data and their significance. In this work, we focus our attention to using this fluid diffusion model to drive a community detection scheme, i.e., to divide multimodal datasets into many groups according to similarity among nodes in an unsupervised fashion. Experimental results achieved by testing real multimodal datasets in diverse application scenarios show that our method is able to strongly outperform state-of-the-art schemes for community detection in multimodal data analysis.
Glucocorticoid therapy in assisted reproduction

As glucocorticoids are well-known as important regulators of stress and the immune system, their function and clinical use have elicited substantial interest in the field of reproduction. In particular, the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on endometrial receptivity during assisted reproduction, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, has led to a great deal of interest and controversy. However, previous studies have not been able to provide consistent and reliable evidence due to their small, non-controlled designs and use of different criteria. Considering the potential risk of exposure to glucocorticoids for mothers and fetuses in early pregnancy, the use of glucocorticoids in IVF cycles should be carefully evaluated, including the balance between risk and benefit. To date, there is no conclusive evidence that the use of glucocorticoids improves the pregnancy rate in IVF cycles with unselected subjects, and a further investigation should be considered with a proper study design.