Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Three Machine Learning Techniques for Building Extraction from a Digital Surface Model

Automatic building extraction from high-resolution remotely sensed data is a major area of interest for an extensive range of fields (e.g., urban planning, environmental risk management) but challenging due to urban morphology complexity. Among the different methods proposed, the approaches based on supervised machine learning (ML) achieve the best results. This paper aims to investigate building footprint extraction using only high-resolution raster digital surface model (DSM) data by comparing the performance of three different popular supervised ML models on a benchmark dataset. The first two methods rely on a histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) feature descriptor and a classical ML (support vector machine (SVM)) or a shallow neural network (extreme learning machine (ELM)) classifier, and the third model is a fully convolutional network (FCN) based on deep learning with transfer learning. Used data were obtained from the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) and cover the urban areas of Vaihingen an der Enz, Potsdam, and Toronto. The results indicated that performances of models based on shallow ML (feature extraction and classifier training) are affected by the urban context investigated (F1 scores from 0.49 to 0.81), whereas the FCN-based model proved to be the most robust and best-performing method for building extraction from a high-resolution raster DSM (F1 scores from 0.80 to 0.86).
In-depth Insights into Mathematical Characteristics, Selection Criteria and Common Mistakes of Adsorption Kinetic Models: A Critical Review

ABSTRACT The kinetic models were widely used to analyze the dynamic adsorption behaviors in a batch system and reveal the mass-transfer mechanisms. The previous review papers were mainly confined to the description of the kinetic models, assessment of the fitting quality, determination of the model parameters and practical application in the field of water and wastewater treatment. However, the curve characteristics of the kinetic models and their mathematical relations were rarely mentioned in the literature. How to select and determine the optimum model remained to be further discussed. Thus, in addition to improving previous work, the main objectives of this review were: (i) to identify the curve characteristics of the kinetic models by control variates; (ii) to reveal their mathematical relations by variable substitution; (iii) to determine the optimum model by error functions and residual plot; and (iv) to correct some common mistakes in the literature. The pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) equations were two special cases of mixed 1,2-order equation (MOE). The PFO and Furusawa–Smith equations were mathematically equivalent. This review is expected to help readers better understand and use the adsorption kinetic models and provide potential ideas for the development of new kinetic models.
Changes in plant communities of low‐salinity tidal marshes in response to sea‐level rise

As sea-level rises, low-salinity tidal marshes experience greater flooding with more saline water. In the Chesapeake Bay estuary, we compared the 1980 and 2014 tidal marsh inventories (TMIs) of plant communities from James City County, Virginia, USA, with respect to the spatial distribution of two species—the invasive reed Phragmites australis and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora–plus overall species richness. Since the 1980 TMI, the total area of low-salinity tidal marshes in which P. australis occurred increased from 0.46 km to 6.30 km in 2014. Between TMIs, however, the total area of lowsalinity marshes occupied by S. alterniflora increased by only 0.02 km. Species richness in low-salinity tidal marshes decreased from 41 to 25 between TMIs. To assess seedling emergence under increased flooding and salinity, we completed two seed bank germination experiments using soil samples collected from six low-salinity marshes containing established P. australis stands. In the first experiment, more seedlings emerged in the two low-salinity (0 vs. 5 ppt) treatments after seven weeks, irrespective of flooding (water 3.75 cm below vs. at soil surface), but no P. australis or S. alterniflora germinated. For the second experiment, we added seeds of P. australis and S. alterniflora to soils exposed to the same flooding and salinity treatments to test the impact of these plant competitors on seedling emergence. No difference in number of seedlings was detected among treatments, but the number of species and their relative abundance was significantly affected by flooding (ANOSIM, R = 0.138, P < 0.001). The presence of P. australis and S. alterniflora seedlings appeared to shift the physical factor more influential on seedling emergence from salinity to flooding. For both seed bank experiments, more seedlings but not more species emerged from soils collected from marshes where P. australis coverage was <50%. High diversity plant communities of low-salinity tidal marshes along the upper reaches of this estuary are gradually being replaced by those dominated by P. australis and S. alterniflora—a trend expected to continue here and in other riverine estuaries of the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts.
Latitudinal Migrations of the Subtropical Front at the Agulhas Plateau Through the Mid‐Pleistocene Transition

The meridional variability of the Subtropical Front (STF) in the Southern Hemisphere, linked to expansions or contractions of the Southern Ocean, may have played an important role in global ocean circulation by moderating the magnitude of water exchange at the Indian‐Atlantic Ocean Gateway, so called Agulhas Leakage. Here we present new biomarker records of upper water column temperature ( U37K' and TEX86 ) and primary productivity (chlorins and alkenones) from marine sediments at IODP Site U1475 on the Agulhas Plateau, near the STF and within the Agulhas retroflection pathway. We use these multiproxy time‐series records from 1.4 to 0.3 Ma to examine implied changes in the upper oceanographic conditions at the mid‐Pleistocene transition (MPT, ca. 1.2–0.8 Ma). Our reconstructions, combined with prior evidence of migrations of the STF over the last 350 ka, suggest that in the Southwestern Indian Ocean the STF may have been further south from the Agulhas Plateau during the mid‐Pleistocene Interim State (MPIS, MIS 23–12) and reached its northernmost position during MIS 34–24 and MIS 10. Comparison to a Globorotalia menardii‐derived Agulhas Leakage reconstruction from the Cape Basin suggests that only the most extreme northward migrations of the STF are associated with reduced Agulhas Leakage. During the MPIS, STF migrations do not appear to control Agulhas Leakage variability, we suggest previously modeled shifting westerly winds may be responsible for the patterns observed. A detachment between STF migrations and Agulhas Leakage, in addition to invoking shifting westerly winds may also help explain changes in CO2 ventilation seen during the MPIS.
Potential colonization of provox voice prosthesis by Candida spp. with no sign of failure for approximately 10 years exploitation time

Abstract Vocal rehabilitation with implantation of voice prosthesis has been recognized as one of the most popular intervention for patients after total laryngectomy. The main threat to its users is leakage through the tracheo-esophageal fistula caused by prosthesis deformation and damage to the valve mechanism due to colonization with fungal or bacterial/fungal biofilms. The uniqueness of the described case represents the use of the same Provox voice prosthesis during the period of almost 10 years.
TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI PEMANDUAN WISATA: PROSPEK DAN TANTANGAN PEMANFAATAN APLIKASI JAWARA

Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis perubahan yang disebabkan oleh kehadiran aplikasi teknologi komunikasi pemanduan wisata kebun raya, yang bernama Jelajah, Belajar dan Wisata di Kebun Raya (JAWARA) dalam beberapa hal. Pertama, studi ini mengkaji perkembangan teknologi komunikasi pemanduan wisata kebun raya dari pemanduan konvensional ke pemanduan berbasis aplikasi. Kedua, tulisan ini membahas prospek dan tantangan pemanfaatan aplikasi JAWARA untuk pemanduan kebun raya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur yang dikombinasikan dengan data hasil wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perkembangan yang signifikan dalam pemanduan wisata kebun raya sejak diluncurkannya aplikasi JAWARA pada 2018. Pemanduan yang semula berbasis konvensional berubah secara perlahan menjadi berbasis aplikasi, meskipun saat ini masih bercampur dengan konvensional. Bukan tidak mungkin jika di masa depan pemanduan berbasis aplikasi akan menggantikan pemanduan konvensional manakala kecerdasan buatan mampu menggantikan peran dari pemanduan konvensional. Penggunaan aplikasi JAWARA memiliki prospek untuk berkembang secara masif seiring pesatnya penggunaan teknologi komunikasi digital yang mendorong meningkatnya jumlah pengunduh dan pengguna aplikasi ini. Adapun tantangan penggunaan aplikasi JAWARA adalah aplikasi ini harus terus terbarukan dengan perkembangan terkini agar dapat digunakan secara maksimal.
Clinical Application of Gold Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment

Advances in nanobiotechnology have presented numerous possibilities of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic options. In particular, gold nanoparticles have demonstrated the potential for application in molecular imaging and treatment of cancers, including drug delivery system of certain target molecules, enhancement of radiation therapy, and photothermal treatment. This review discusses the properties, mechanism of action, and clinical application of gold nanoparticles. Although the safety of nanoparticles is yet to be ascertained, there is no doubt that in the future, nanotechnology will play an important role in the development and enhancement of a wide range of diagnostic and treatment modalities.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC RELATIONSHIP AND HISTORY OF CONCOMITANT DISEASES WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN ACEH PROVINCE (SECONDARY DATA RISKESDAS 2018)

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) in Indonesia, especially Aceh Province, is the number one contributor to death at this time. The prevalence of CHD by province at the age ≥ 15 years was reported that Aceh ranks in the top two with the highest CHD provinces (D 0.7% and D/G 2.3%). This research needs to be analyzed further aimed to determine the determinants of CHD in Aceh Province because CHD in Indonesia is one of the main problems most noticed by the government. Various programs to anticipate and find solutions of health problems, especially CHD has beeen made for the good of the people of Indonesia. Methods: Further analysis of this secondary data is descriptive analytic using cross-sectional design. The research location in Aceh Province was conducted in May-June 2013. The secondary data was reprocessed by researchers in 2019. The population and samples in this study were 11.617 households and 40,951 household members. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Result: The results showed that there is a relationship between age and coronary heart disease (p value 0.001), gender (p value 0.001), low education level (p value 0.002), employment status (p value 0.008), Diabetes mellitus (p value 0.001), hypertension (p value 0.001), and smoking (p value 0.0001). Recommendation: It is hoped that the provincial government implements the No Smoking Area (KTR) policy in every public area such as schools, terminals, hospitals and create qanuns that truly public health precision.
FAM83A-AS1 Promotes Tumor Progression Through MET Signaling in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background Studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in the occurrence and development of cancer. However, many of the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs role in this process remains unclear. Methods Here, we analyzed lncRNA expression in lung cancer tissues based on RNA-Seq analysis and found that lncRNA FAM83A-AS1 was one of the top up-regulated lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma and elevated expression of FAM83A-AS1 was significantly associated with poor patient survival. We validated these results using RT-PCR and an independent cohort of lung cancer. Results Functional studies indicated that knockdown of FAM83A-AS1 decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in H1299 and H838 lung cancer cells. Knockdown of FAM83A-AS1 induced the autophagy and cell cycle arrest at G2. Mechanistically, we found that MET, p62 and phosphor S6K proteins were decreased upon FAM83A-AS1 knockdown. Conclusion In conclusion, FAM83A-AS1 may have potential as a diagnosis/prognosis marker and its oncogenic role could lead to potential targeting for lung cancer therapy.
Nanocrystalline-CdS thin films grown on flexible PET-substrates by chemical bath deposition

CdS thin films were grown on flexible PET and PET/ITO substrates by chemical bath deposition varying the deposition time. The structural analysis indicates that CdS films are composed of nano-crystalline and amorphous material. CdS films grown on PET substrates have hexagonal phase, while those grown on PET/ITO substrates have a cubic phase. The bandgap values of CdS films grown on PET substrates are in the range 2.31–2.45 eV, and the Eg of CdS films grown on PET/ITO substrates are 2.18–2.42 eV. A strong green photoluminescence emission was observed in all the samples, which is associated to near band edge transitions. CdS films grown on PET/ITO substrates have an additional emission at 2.80 eV, which can be attributed to the presence of nano-crystals, in agreement with TEM analyses.
Characterization of Supermagnetic Magnetite Powder Synthesized with Water Extracts of Moringa oleifera Leaves and FeCl 2 ·7H 2 O

The surface coated magnetite nanoparticles dispersed into water can be used in clinical for magnetic resonance imaging, for medical diagnosis and for magnetic field-assisted cancer therapy. Based on their applications in many fields, several methods are widely used and reported in literature for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. In the present paper, we report on the green synthesis of magnetite phase of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4), which were fabricated using water extracts from the leaves of Moringa oleifera and the inorganic salt FeCl2·7H2O, as iron precursor. The obtained powder was characterized through spectroscopic and thermal methods. The vibrating sample magnetometer was used in order to find out about the magnetic properties of the prepared sample. The Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) have shown peaks at 402 cm-1 and 593 cm-1, thus confirming the presence of magnetite in powder. X-ray diffraction gave peaks confirming the presence of Fe3O4 in its magnetite phase. Electronic transmission microscopy had indicated that the crystals obtained was of a spherical shape with an average diameter of 50 nm. Gravimetric thermal analysis (GTA) showed a peak centered at around 332°C, signalizing the thermal decomposition of the magnetite. The magnetic properties of the prepared powder exhibited the measured lower coercivity and remanence, demonstrating that the powder under study was made of superparamagnetic particles, suggesting that the prepared magnetite could be a possible candidate for biomedical applications.
Accelerated Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) Equivalent Model of Solid-State Transformer

Accurate and efficient electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation of various types of solid-state transformers (SSTs) is extremely time-consuming due to the complex module structure, flexible topology connections, large number of electrical nodes, and simulation time steps limited in the range of microseconds. Therefore, it is urgent to develop the EMT equivalent modeling and fast simulation of SSTs for system-level studies. Taking the modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based SST as an example, this article proposes an accelerated EMT model, which focuses on the equivalence of the dual-active-bridge (DAB)-based high-frequency link (HFL) in the SST. Compared with the existing algorithms, two critical factors of the proposed method that contribute the most to the efficiency improvement are the preprocessing of the nodal admittance equation and the conversion of the short-circuit admittance parameters. The proposed model is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC by comparing it with the detailed EMT model. The results show that the accelerated model is one-to-two orders of magnitude faster than the detailed model without sacrificing accuracy. The experiment validation also confirms the validity of the proposed model.
Representation of Bi‐Directional Fluxes Between Groundwater and Surface Water in a Bucket‐Type Hydrological Model

In most bucket‐type hydrological models, water can only flow from the groundwater to the stream and the flux is based on the groundwater storage. However, many catchments have losing stream sections, where streamflow recharges the groundwater. We developed a formulation to represent groundwater recharge by streamwater in a bucket‐type model and tested this formulation for the Panola Mountain Research Watershed to demonstrate its function and assess its performance. The upper reach of the Panola catchment is often dry and highly affected by flow from a bedrock outcrop; further downstream the stream is perennial. We simulated streamflow with the fully lumped version of a bucket‐type model and compared it to (a) a variant with sub‐catchments to more realistically represent the low storage and quick response from the bedrock outcrop and (b) a variant that also includes the bi‐directional exchange between the groundwater and the stream. For all three model variants, we compared simulated and observed streamflow and groundwater dynamics. Although the gain in overall model performance by including the bi‐directional exchange between the groundwater and the stream was small, the explicit representation of this exchange led to better streamflow simulations during drying‐down and wetting‐up periods. For Panola the fluxes along the stream appeared less important than subsurface drainage from the upper sub‐catchment to the downstream sub‐catchment. We recommend considering the bi‐directional fluxes between groundwater and the stream in bucket‐type hydrological models where these processes are important, and the focus of the simulations is on low flow conditions.
Efecto del Tween® 80 sobre la bioprecipitación de carbonato de calcio por Bacillus cereus

This research presents the sprinkling effect of Tween® 80 for three concentrations (0.00% w, 0.25% w y 0.50% w) in a processes of calcium carbonate biosynthesis. The assays used a culture of Bacillus cereus , isolated from the gardens of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Medellin, Colombia). The experiments were monitored for 6 days measuring pH as well as through mineralogical analyses for precipitates using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Tween® 80 had an important role as deagglomerate, decreasing the precipitation of biomineralized-carbonate structures (generated by bacteria). It was also found that the evaluated concentrations did not inhibit the bacterial growth. Additionally, Tween® 80 favored the production of vaterite, increasing its ratio in comparison to calcite (around 98% by using 0.50% w of Tween® 80).
Twisted intramolecular charge transfer in a carbazole-based chromophore: the stable [(4-N-carbazolyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl]bis(2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)methyl radical

A neutral stable organic radical adduct, 1, composed of a donor–acceptor dyad is reported. The electron-donor part is the carbazolyl ring directly linked to the electron-acceptor polychlorotriphenylmethyl radical through the para position of a phenyl ring. In the synthetic procedure a C(sp2)–H bond is transformed into a C(sp2)–N bond through the radical–radical cross-coupling process. Theoretical calculations predict that the tetrachlorophenyl bridge moiety lies perpendicular to the carbazolyl group to minimize the repulsion with the chlorine atoms in the ortho position. The electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectrum of 1 exhibits a small coupling of the electronic spin with the carbazolyl nitrogen (0.32 G), the spin density being mainly located in the central sp2 carbon atom (30.22 G). The radical adduct presents a charge transfer band (λ = 598–640 nm) showing a hypsochromic shift with solvent polarity. In DMF solution, 1 exhibits a new weak band (λ = 493 nm) which is tentatively attributed to a zwitterionic structure of the molecule resulting from a net electron transfer from the nitrogen to the central sp2 carbon atom. Cyclic voltammetry of 1 confirms the amphoteric character of the molecule. Computed values of ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) are in good agreement with the experimental values.
Problems Students Face in Translating Discourse Markers from English into Kurdish

This paper investigates the problems are found in the translation of discourse markers from English into Kurdish. One of the main problems that discourse markers cause for translators is that discourse markers may have various possible translation choices. Moreover, a discourse marker has many functions, i.e. it may have more than one function. It can be thus used to show a variety of relations between several written discourse parts. Accordingly, a translator has to decide the function that a discourse marker has in a definite context to give the correct translation. In this paper Fraser's Model of discourse markers analysis (1999) has been chosen for investigating discourse markers. As for the data analysis, four students of the Department of Translation at the University of Duhok have been chosen to translate the same text from English into Kurdish to show the difficulties in choosing the correct discourse markers in these four different translations. The results showed that there are no equivalents in choosing the correct discourse markers when translating them into Kurdish.
Application of Broccoli Residues to Soil can Suppress Verticillium Wilt of Cotton by Regulating the Bacterial Community Structure of the Rhizosphere

[Aims] Verticillium wilt (VW) of cotton was effectively controlled by application of broccoli residues (BR) to soil. Information regarding the variation in bacterial communities in rhizosphere of cotton cultivars with different VW resistance levels under BR treatment is still lacking and finally to provide guidance for screening effective biocontrol bacteria. [Methods] Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to determine the population of Verticillium dahliae, the effects of BR on the bacterial community structure in rhizosphere were determined by high-throughput sequencing technology. [Results] Results showed that control effects for susceptible cultivar (cv. EJ-1) and resistant cultivar (cv. J863) on VW after BR treatment were 51.76% and 86.15%, the population of V. dahliae decreased by 18.88% and 30.27%, respectively. High-throughput sequencing showed that ACE and Chao1 indices were increased by application of BR. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes were the most dominant phyla, and relative abundances of these bacterial taxa significantly differed between cultivars. Additionally, Bacillus stably increased in rhizosphere following BR treatment. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that relative abundances of Bacillus, Lysobacter, Streptomyces, Rubrobacter, Gemmatimonas, Bryobacter and Nocardioides were correlated with occurrence of VW. Field experiments demonstrated that dressing cotton seeds with Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 could successfully reduce occurrence of VW, and control effects for EJ-1 and J863 were 35.26% and 31.02%, respectively. [Conclusions] The application of BR changed the bacterial community structure in cotton rhizosphere, decreased the population of V. dahliae in soil, and increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, thus significantly reducing the occurrence of VW.