Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of African population history using f-statistics is biased when applying all previously proposed SNP ascertainment schemes

f-statistics have emerged as a first line of analysis for making inferences about demographic history from genome-wide data. Not only are they guaranteed to allow robust tests of the fits of proposed models of population history to data when analyzing full genome sequencing data—that is, all single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the individuals being analyzed—but they are also guaranteed to allow robust tests of models for SNPs ascertained as polymorphic in a population that is an outgroup in a phylogenetic sense to all groups being analyzed. True “outgroup ascertainment” is in practice impossible in humans because our species has arisen from a substructured ancestral population that does not descend from a homogeneous ancestral population going back many hundreds of thousands of years into the past. However, initial studies suggested that non-outgroup-ascertainment schemes might produce robust enough results using f-statistics, and that motivated widespread fitting of models to data using non-outgroup-ascertained SNP panels such as the “Affymetrix Human Origins array” which has been genotyped on thousands of modern individuals from hundreds of populations, or the “1240k” in-solution enrichment reagent which has been the source of about 70% of published genome-wide data for ancient humans. In this study, we show that while analyses of population history using such panels work well for studies of relationships among non-African populations and one African outgroup, when co-modeling more than one sub-Saharan African and/or archaic human groups (Neanderthals and Denisovans), fitting of f-statistics to such SNP sets is expected to frequently lead to false rejection of true demographic histories, and failure to reject incorrect models. Analyzing panels of SNPs polymorphic in archaic humans, which has been suggested as a solution for the ascertainment problem, has limited statistical power and retains important biases. However, by carrying out simulations of diverse demographic histories, we show that bias in inferences based on f-statistics can be minimized by ascertaining on variants common in a union of diverse African groups; such ascertainment retains high statistical power while allowing co-analysis of archaic and modern groups.
Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug–Drug Interactions

Awareness of drug interactions involving opioids is critical for patient treatment as they are common therapeutics used in numerous care settings, including both chronic and disease-related pain. Not only do opioids have narrow therapeutic indexes and are extensively used, but they have the potential to cause severe toxicity. Opioids are the classical pain treatment for patients who suffer from moderate to severe pain. More importantly, opioids are often prescribed in combination with multiple other drugs, especially in patient populations who typically are prescribed a large drug regimen. This review focuses on the current knowledge of common opioid drug–drug interactions (DDIs), focusing specifically on hydrocodone, oxycodone, and morphine DDIs. The DDIs covered in this review include pharmacokinetic DDI arising from enzyme inhibition or induction, primarily due to inhibition of cytochrome p450 enzymes (CYPs). However, opioids such as morphine are metabolized by uridine-5’-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), principally UGT2B7, and glucuronidation is another important pathway for opioid-drug interactions. This review also covers several pharmacodynamic DDI studies as well as the basics of CYP and UGT metabolism, including detailed opioid metabolism and the potential involvement of metabolizing enzyme gene variation in DDI. Based upon the current literature, further studies are needed to fully investigate and describe the DDI potential with opioids in pain and related disease settings to improve clinical outcomes for patients. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A review of the literature focusing on drug–drug interactions involving opioids is important because they can be toxic and potentially lethal, occurring through pharmacodynamic interactions as well as pharmacokinetic interactions occurring through inhibition or induction of drug metabolism.
Notched, flaked and ground bone artefacts from Middle Stone Age and Iron Age layers of Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa : Sibudu Cave

Bone artefacts found in Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Iron Age layers at Sibudu Cave show evidence of intentional human manufacture, which includes cutting, flaking, scraping and grinding. Notched bones and a bone pin were found attributable to the MSA. One notched bone has a direct radiocarbon date of nearly 29 000 BP. A bone point blank was recovered from an Iron Age layer.
Comparison of Force Measures Between Start Position, Transition Phase, and Midthigh Pull With Weightlifting Performance During Israel National Competition

Abstract Ben-Zeev, T, Sadres, E, and Hoffman, JR. Comparison of force measures between start position, transition phase, and midthigh pull with weightlifting performance during Israel National Competition. J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2200–2205, 2023—This study compared the relationship between peak force (PKF) and rate of force development (RFD) at isometric start position pull (ISPP), isometric transition position pull (ITPP), and isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) with the snatch (SN), clean and jerk (C&J), and total score (TOT) in 30 national and international Israeli weightlifters (18 men and 12 women). All measures were collected either 1 week before or 1 week after the Israel weightlifting championship. A significant correlation was observed between peak force at all pull positions and performance in the SN, C&J, and TOT for men, women, and both sexes combined (p < 0.001). The correlations were all very strong (e.g., r values all above 0.90) for both ISPP and ITPP, and all weightlifting performance variables, whereas the correlation between IMTP and weightlifting performance ranged from moderate (r = 0.69) to strong (r = 0.89). In addition, significant differences were observed between the correlation coefficient value in ISPP and ITPP with the TOT score compared with the correlations observed in IMTP (z = 0.7, p = 0.046, and z = 1.7, p = 0.049, respectively). Significant differences were also observed in the women group for ISPP for the SN and TOT score compared with the correlation in IMTP (z = 1.72, p = 0.043, and z = 1.75, p = 0.040, respectively). Rate of force development at 250 milliseconds significantly (p values <0.05) correlated with the SN, C&J, and TOT in women (r's = 0.65, 0.68, and 0.67, respectively), and when both sexes were combined (r's = 0.59, 0.61, and 0.60, respectively), but not for the men. Results of this investigation indicated the importance of isometric force capabilities at ISPP and ITPP for weightlifting performance.
Identificação de Unidades de Paisagem: metodologia aplicada a Portugal Continental

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF LANDSCAPE IN PORTUGAL –This paper presents the concepts and methodology used in the study «Identification and characterisation of landscape in continental Portugal» undertaken by theDepartment of Landscape and Biophysical Planning of the University of Evora for the General Directorate for Spatial Planning and Urban Development (DGOT-DU) at the Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, between 1999 and 2001. On the one hand, the methodological approach developed is based on the methodologies used recently for the same purpose in different European countries and on the way landscape has been considered in various European documents in the last years. On the other hand, it is also based on the team’s concern to approach the landscape as an holistic entity, and to examine its various components: ecological, cultural, socio-economic and sensorial. The set aim has been to define landscape units and to characterize these units in relation to the present landscape and the recorded trends, related problems and possibilities. Thus, the cartography relative to selected variables has been combined and related to satellite images and field surveys. The results of cross-referencing all this information has than been combined with expert examination of landscape coherence and character within each unit. The assessment was completed after careful bibliographic research and consultation with regional experts. The result is a flexible approach that combines objective analysis with a more subjective assessment, which the team considered fundamental for a true understanding of landscape.
Outcomes and Predictors of Perinatal Mortality in Fetuses With Ebstein Anomaly or Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia in the Current Era: A Multicenter Study

Ebstein anomaly and tricuspid valve dysplasia are rare congenital tricuspid valve malformations associated with high perinatal mortality. Previous literature has consisted of single-center series, often spanning several decades. We report a series of 243 fetuses with Ebstein anomaly or tricuspid valve dysplasia from 23 centers across North America in the recent era. Unfortunately, perinatal mortality remained high at 45%, with one-third of patients not surviving to neonatal hospital discharge. Independent risk factors for mortality included gestational age at diagnosis of <32 weeks, larger tricuspid valve annulus z-score, the presence of pulmonary regurgitation, and a pericardial effusion. The presence of pulmonary regurgitation, in particular, signifies circular shunt physiology, which often culminated in mortality. An understanding of this unique physiology in utero may help clinicians better counsel expectant parents, develop and pursue novel treatment and perinatal management strategies, and ultimately improve mortality for fetuses with this rare and complex disease. See p 481.
Geographical Distribution of Colorectal Cancer in Southwestern Iran Between Years 2011 and 2019

Background/Aims: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Various genetic, individual, and environmental factors are associated with this disease. Today, the role of environmental and geographical factors has been considered. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the cumulative incidence and geographical distribution of colorectal cancer in Khuzestan province. Materials and Methods: This study was performed ecologically to determine the cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer and its geographical distribution in Khuzestan province between 2011 and 2019. The required information was extracted from the cancer registration program of the Ministry of Health and after refinement and replication. Results: The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer in Khuzestan province between 2011 and 2019 was estimated at 40.18 per 100 000 people. The highest cumulative incidence was related to Ahvaz city (95.87 per 100 000 people) and the lowest was related to Dasht-Azadegan city (25.35 per 100 000 people). The highest cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer, based on climate conditions, is in dry geographical areas (63.77 per 100 000 people), based on average annual rainfall, is in areas with an average rainfall of 100-200 mm (66.28 per 100 000 people), and based on land use, belonged to areas with agricultural use (74.57 per 100 000 people). Conclusion: The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer is relatively high in Khuzestan province. The cumulative incidence of the disease was higher in the central regions of the province than in other regions. Also, based on geographical areas, the cumulative incidence of the disease was higher in areas with arid climates, the average rainfall was 100-200 mm, and in areas with agricultural land use.
Mechanisms of acupuncture–electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain

Acupuncture, as a traditional treatment, has been extensively used in China for thousands of years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), acupuncture is recommended for the treatment of 77 diseases. And 16 of these diseases are related to inflammatory pain. As a combination of traditional acupuncture and modern electrotherapy, electroacupuncture (EA) has satisfactory analgesic effects on various acute and chronic pain. Because of its good analgesic effects and no side effects, acupuncture has been widely accepted all over the world. Despite the increase in the number of studies, the mechanisms via which acupuncture exerts its analgesic effects have not been conclusively established. A literature review of related research is of great significance to elaborate on its mechanisms and to inform on further research directions. We elucidated on its mechanisms of action on inflammatory pain from two levels: peripheral and central. It includes the mechanisms of acupuncture in the periphery (immune cells and neurons, purinergic pathway, nociceptive ion channel, cannabinoid receptor and endogenous opioid peptide system) and central nervous system (TPRV1, glutamate and its receptors, glial cells, GABAergic interneurons and signaling molecules). In this review, we collected relevant recent studies to systematically explain the mechanisms of acupuncture in treating inflammatory pain, with a view to providing direction for future applications of acupuncture in inflammatory pain and promoting clinical development.
Computational colour constancy based on convolutional neural networks with a cross-level architecture

Computational colour constancy refers to the problem of obtaining reliable illuminant colour so that the image can be rectified to generate a new image under the canonical illumination by illumination estimation. This study researches on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with cross-level architecture for colour constancy. This new methodology obtains the illumination estimation by combining widely-used AlexNet model with cross-level strategy, in which, the cross-level strategy is upgraded to a more adaptive and intelligent level for colour constancy problem. The proposed method is based on the assumption of uniform illumination on the scene, and the colour constancy is approached as an illumination classification problem on real illuminants by training the authors' cnns. Furthermore, the output of the networks could be directly used for illumination computation of the scene. Finally, the performance of the proposed methodology is verified by comparing with the networks without cross-level architecture or with similar strategies, including multiple paths architecture, multi-scale architecture and ConvNet structure, to guarantee the feasibility and effectiveness. Experimental results on the test datasets indicate that up to around 26% error could be reduced via the proposed methodology for colour constancy.
Analysis of the role of artificial intelligence in pediatric radiography

Artificial intelligence (AI) as a technology that can increase efficiency and save human and material resources is growing rapidly in the medical field. Due to its high accuracy and speed, it has great potential in radiology, especially in the recognition of various imaging images. However, paediatric imaging has been neglected due to the limitations of various conditions in paediatrics, such as the large age differentiation. This essay focuses on various examples of successful attempts at AI in paediatric radiology through a literature analysis approach, analyzing its benefits and possible challenges. It also gets inspiration from other AI literatures and proposes more areas for future development. This paper has found a great deal of potential for AI in the field of paediatric medical imaging and more funding could be invested into its development.
Construction and evaluation of urban logistics network system model in Guangdong Province based on complex network theory

In this paper, the weighted-TOPSIS method and logistics attraction model are proposed to construct the urban logistics network model of Guangdong Province. Then, a complex network analysis method is adopted to analyze the node importance, edge importance, and network aggregation. It is found that a few nodes and edges play a crucial role in the network, and the whole network presents the characteristics of uneven distribution. The development of urban logistics is uneven. Given these problems, this research puts forward corresponding suggestions. This paper's research framework and methods also apply to other provinces. It provides a reference for constructing high-quality urban logistics.
Application of mass spectrometry based metabonomics in experimental diagnostics

Metabonomics is a new science, which analyzes all low molecular weight metabolites of a certain organism or cell from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Metabonomics uses high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and other methods to analyze metabolites, and can identify small molecular metabolites as biomarkers for illness early detection, and at the same time can explore the pathogenesis of complex diseases. It can be found that metabonomics in the field of diagnostics although not really applied in clinical work so far, A growing number of studies using metabonomic diagnostics have been published. This paper reviews the general research methods of metabonomics and the research progress in the early diagnosis of various diseases in recent years, to promote the application of metabonomics in the field of early clinical diagnosis of diseases.
Novel pharmaceutical approaches targeting antibiotic resistance

Since the discovery of antibiotics in 1929, antibiotics have played a pivotal role in clinical health care. However, with the widespread use of antibiotics, certain bacteria have acquired antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance has become a global crisis. In this paper, we reviewed the mechanism for bacteria developing antibiotic resistance, and focus on novel treatments than can counteract bacterial resistance, including new-class antibiotics and antibody-based therapies. Chimeric peptidomimetic antibiotics, Darobactin and Lugdunin are recently identified compounds that are able to prevent or eliminate bacteria. Despite that the aim is to either act as bactericidal or toxin neutralizing antibodies, all three monoclonal antibodies that are approved for treatment of specific bacterial infection, exert actions by neutralizing released toxin. The aim is to introduce antibiotics or therapy battling infection but with low resistance tendency. Overall, investigations on developing new therapies against antibiotic resistance are warranted, especially therapies with little side effects or a direct bactericidal action.
Greater hippocampal atrophy in developmental amnesia is associated with better recall and working memory performance

Despite early-life bilateral hippocampal damage, developmental amnesic (DA) patients exhibit well-developed semantic memory, but severely impaired episodic retrieval. It is unclear, however, whether the residual hippocampus plays a role in encoding and/or retrieval of new information. Here, we report that in DA patients the extent of atrophy in CA-DG subregions and subicular complex is above 40% while the atrophy of the uncus is only moderate (−23%). Importantly, the perihippocampal cortices are unaffected. Paradoxically, patients’ recall, Verbal IQ, Working Memory, and Processing Speed scores correlate negatively with the volume of the uncus. We propose that in DA patients, the uncus serves as “gatekeeper” providing signals that may inhibit compensatory mnemonic functions by the preserved surrounding cortical areas. Our findings highlight the role of uncus in recall, and document not only the extent, but also the limits of functional plasticity and circuit reorganization in the young brain after early bilateral hippocampal damage.
Research on optimization of two-way clustering algorithm for gene expression data analysis

Nowadays, as a high-throughput experimental method, gene chips can obtain tens of thousands of genetic data in one experiment, which can be used to analyze the regulation of gene expression profiles, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and the development of new drugs. However, gene chip technology also produces a large amount of complex data, and the main problem we are currently facing is how to manage and analyze these data and mine meaningful biological information from them. In this paper, based on the comparative analysis of unidirectional and bidirectional clustering algorithms, a bidirectional clustering method combining unidirectional clustering and sparse singular value decomposition (SSVD) is proposed, and its effectiveness is analyzed. The improvement of the SSVD method is to use the single-way clustering method instead of manually setting parameters, and use the results obtained by the single-way clustering to ensure that the clustering of the genes is performed while the sample clustering has certain correctness. Experiments show that compared with the traditional SSVD algorithm, it has a better execution effect.
Volcanism in the Campania Plain : Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ignimbrites

Preface. 1. Volcanism in the Campania Plain: Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ignimbrites(B. De Vivo). 2. The volcanological history of the volcanoes of Naples: a review (R. Scandone, L. Giacomelli, F. Fattori Speranza). 3. The Pleistocene extension of the Campania Plain in the framework of the southern Tyrrhennian tectonic evolution: morphotectonic analysis, kinematic model and implications for volcanism (E. Turco et al.). 4. Rapid changes of the accomodation space in the Late Quaternari succession of Naples Bay, Italy: the influence of volcanism and tectonics (A. Milia et al.). 5. Gravitational instability of submarine volcanoes offshore Campi Flegrei (Naples Bay, Italy) (A. Milia, M.M. Torrente, F. Giordano). 6. The Campi Flegrei caldera boundary in the city of Naples (A. Perrotta et al.). 7. The Late-Holocene evolution of the Miseno area (south-western Campi Flegrei) as inferred by stratigraphy, petrochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology (D. Insinga et al.). 8. Magmatic-hydrothermal fluid interaction and mineralization in alkali-syenite nodules from the Breccia Museo pyroclastic deposit, Naples, Italy (L. Fedele et al.). 9. Structural control on the Upper Pleistocene ignimbrite eruptions in the Neapolitan area (Italy): volcano tectonic faults versus caldera faults (F. Bellucci et al.). 10. The magma feeling system of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) strato-volcano new inferences from a review of geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope data (M. Piochi, B. De Vivo, R.A. Ayuso). 11. Input of deep-seated volatile-rich magmas and dynamics of violent strombolian eruptions at Vesuvius (A. Cecchetti et al.). 12. The role of sulfur in promoting magmatic degassing and volcanic eruption at Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (J.D. Webster, M.F. Sintoni, B. De Vivo). 13. Influence of hydrothermal processes on geochemical variations between 79 AD and 1944 AD vesuvius eruptions (A. Lima et al.). 14. Petrogenesis of the Campanian Ignimbrite: implications for crystal-melt separation and open-system processes from major and trace elements and Th isotope data (W.A. Bohrson et al.). 15. A hydrothermal model for ground movements (bradyseism) at Campi Flegrei, Italy (B. De Vivo, A. Lima).