Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multiple Surrogate Assisted Decomposition-Based Evolutionary Algorithm for Expensive Multi/Many-Objective Optimization

Many-objective optimization problems (MaOPs) contain four or more conflicting objectives to be optimized. A number of efficient decomposition-based evolutionary algorithms have been developed in the recent years to solve them. However, computationally expensive MaOPs have been scarcely investigated. Typically, surrogate-assisted methods have been used in the literature to tackle computationally expensive problems, but such studies have largely focused on problems with 1–3 objectives. In this paper, we present an approach called hybrid surrogate-assisted many-objective evolutionary algorithm to solve computationally expensive MaOPs. The key features of the approach include: 1) the use of multiple surrogates to effectively approximate a wide range of objective functions; 2) use of two sets of reference vectors for improved performance on irregular Pareto fronts (PFs); 3) effective use of archive solutions during offspring generation; and 4) a local improvement scheme for generating high quality infill solutions. Furthermore, the approach includes constraint handling which is often overlooked in contemporary algorithms. The performance of the approach is benchmarked extensively on a set of unconstrained and constrained problems with regular and irregular PFs. A statistical comparison with the existing techniques highlights the efficacy and potential of the approach.
Factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive treatment in a primary care unit *

Objectives: To analyze the adherence of patients to antihypertensive treatment conducted in a Primary Care Unit (PCU), as well as the related factors of low adherence to this therapy. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive exploratory study of hypertensive patients interviewed in a PCU, using the Morisky-Green Test for assessing adherence or nonadherence with antihypertensive treatment. Results: A prevalence of 64% of patients who were nonadherent to antihypertensive therapy was identified, and this was significantly related to the variables of: age, occupation, obesity, lack of other chronic disease, lack of employment, continuous use of prescription drugs, misunderstanding of the medical recommendations, and ignorance of the name of antihypertensive medication use. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence (64%) of patients nonadherent to therapy, that was significantly associated with users who were: in the youngest age group, working, and presenting with overweight or obesity.
Seasonality in tourism

Contributors. Introduction (T. Baum, S. Lundtorp). Seasonality in tourism: issues and implications (R.W. Butler). Measuring tourism seasonality (S. Lundtorp). Seasonality in Irish tourism, 1973-1995 (E. Kennedy, J. Deegan). Modelling the seasonality of hotel nights in Denmark by county and nationality (N.K. Sorensen). Off-season is no season: the case of Bornholm (S. Lundtorp et al.). Long term positive adjustments to seasonality: consequences of summer tourism in the Jotunheimen area, Norway (T. Flognfeldt). An analysis of the nature, causes and marketing implications of seasonality in the occupancy performance of English hotels (D. Jeffrey, R.R.D. Barden). Extending the school holiday season: the case of Eurocamp (M. Klemm, J. Rawel). Managing seasonality in peripheral tourism regions: the case of Northland, New Zealand (J. Commons, S. Page). Seasonal visitation at Fort Edmonton Park: an empirical analysis using a leisure constraints framework (T.D. Hinch et al.). Author index. Subject index.
Pronounced morphological changes in a southern active zone on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

A smooth deposit in the southern Khonsu region has been seen in ESA/Rosetta observations as active during the second half of 2015, when the southern summer coincided with the perihelion passage of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). Image color sequences acquired by the OSIRIS instrument in the period of January 2015 to July 2016, pre- and post-perihelion, show the occurrence of several small transient events as well as three massive outbursts (~10 to 1500 tons). High spatial resolution images taken one year and a half apart allowed us to track a variety of sources: the formation of cavities that are 1.3–14 m deep, ice-enriched patches, scarp retraction, and a second 50 m-wide boulder. We then estimated their masses and the dust mass of their corresponding plumes and outbursts. In particular, the deformation left by that boulder and its lack of talus may provide evidence for the lifting and subsequent falling back to the surface of large blocks. We calculate that a minimum vapor production rate of 1.4 × 1024 m−2 s−1 is required to lift such an object. The comparison of the masses that are lost in the new cavities to the dust mass of outbursts gives indirect evidence of highly volatile ice pockets underneath. The spectrophotometric analysis and boulder counting also provides evidence for cavities that formed only 30 m apart with different spectral slopes, two long-standing ice patches, and local variations in the boulder-size frequency distribution. All this points to sub-surface ice pockets with different degrees of depth. Finally, the total mass of the morphological changes compared to most recent calculations of the total released mass by activity on 67P is estimated to be between 1.5 and 4.2%. This means that as many as about 25 similar active zones across the nucleus would be enough to sustain the entire cometary activity.
Morphological Instability of Polyhedral Ice Crystals Growing in Air at Low Temperature

The morphology of snow crystals growing at a low temperature has been experimentally studied. The habit and the morphological instability of the crystals vary remarkably with air pressure. In addition, the morphological instability of the crystals depends not only on air pressure but also on supersaturation, crystal size, the ratio of growth rates and the ratio of axial lengths. It is supposed from the experimental results that long prisms with small skeletal structures forming at low supersaturation are precipitating in polar regions.
Description and Evaluation of GDEM-V 3.0

Abstract : The GDEM (Generalized Digital Environment Model) has served as the U.S. Navy's global gridded ocean temperature and salinity climatology since its development began in 1975. This memorandum introduces a new version of this climatology, named GDEM-V 3.0, and discusses the techniques used in its construction. Several comparisons are shown between version 3.0 and the previous version (2.6) of GDEM to demonstrate several significant improvements. The largest change in methodology was to discontinue fitting temperature profiles to a prescribed nonlinear function and replace it by a method that horizontally interpolates temperature or salinity values separately at each depth level. In addition, the horizontal interpolation has been redesigned to avoid averaging dissimilar profiles separated by land boundaries. The vertical gradients of averaged profiles have been improved, particularly in shallow water, by application of a gradient correction algorithm based upon statistics derived from the profile data set.
Selected properties and parameters of radio channel impulse response estimation in ISM 2.4 GHz band

The article presents experimental research indicating that the impulse response of the communication channel, determined in practice, are not of an universal character, but only represent its approximate value for the frequency on which this measurement was made. Phases for each of the replicas of the measurement signal were determined during the analysis of the received signals in the basic band. Phase changes of individual replicas of the signal as a function of changes in the position of one of the measuring antennas are presented. The coherence bandwidth and the coherence time of the channel were determined. The tests were carried out in urban environment in static conditions and when antennas were moving.
Les cirques d'erosion dans la region de pointe-noire (congo) : etude geomorphologique

Le congo s'ouvre au sud-ouest par une facade maritime d'environ 17000 km2. Ce vaste bassin sedimentaire, au relief de bas plateaux, est le theatre d'une intense erosioin en cirques qui n'a suscite jusque la qu'un interet scientifique limite. Et pourtant ces enormes excavations dont la vigueur des formes, contraste avec la faiblesse actuelle du ravinement des versants, posent, par leur agrandissement qui menace les routes, un reel probleme sur la plan de l'amenagement du territoire. Cette etude, basee sur l'analyse des paysages sur le terrain et a l'aide des documents iconographiques, sur des mesures quantitatives par photogrammetrie et sur des analyses de laboratoire ( granulometrie et morphoscopie des formations ; datation au c14. . . ) porte essentiellement sur ces formes. Elle comprend trois grande partie. - la premiere presente et explique le cadre geomorphplogique dans lequel se situe ce phenomene d'erosion. - la deuxieme est consacree a l'etude de la dynamique actuelle. Englobe la description typologique des cirques et analyse les causes et les facteurs de cette dynamique. - la troisieme partie est une etude d'un cas traitant des aspects quantitatifs de cette dynamique. Elle comprend ainsi l'analyse de l'evolution chronologique de ces cirques et une reflexion sur la lutte contre ce phenomene d'erosion en cirques. Ainsi, les cirques presentent trois grandes formes (des formes allongees : les reculees ; des formes plus ou moins ovoides : les amphitheatres elementaires ; des formes aux contours polylobes : les cirques composes), liees au mode de formation et d'evolution. Ils
Possibility of Applying Infrared Background Threshold Values for Detecting Asian dust in Spring from Geostationary Satellite

There has been an increasing trend in damaging by the Asian dust in spring. The continuous monitoring of the dust event with IR channels in geostationary satellite is very useful for forecasting and preventing the event. However, the monitoring with the IR channels revealed various problems associated with sensitivity. To eliminate these problems, we introduced a new concept of monitoring by constructing the background threshold values (BTV) and aerosol index (AI). This paper is about to test the reliability of this concept by applying to geostationary satellite, MTSAT-1R.
The Case for Charges on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Harvard Environmental Economics Program

The proposal discussed in this paper is to levy a common charge on all emissions of greenhouse gases, worldwide. All countries would be covered in principle, but the proposal could be implemented with a much smaller number of countries, provided they covered most of the emissions. While all greenhouse gases should in principle be covered, this paper will address mainly carbon dioxide, quantitatively the most important greenhouse gas; extensions to other greenhouse gases could be made with little or (in the case of methane) much difficulty. The charge would be internationally adjusted from time to time, and each country would collect and keep the revenue it generated. This paper will discuss in turn the motivation for such a proposal, how it would be implemented, its likely economic effects, the relationship to energy security, the possibility of mixing an emission charge with other schemes to limit emissions, especially “cap-and-trade” schemes, and the negotiability of such an agreement. The Case for Charges on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Richard N. Cooper Harvard University
Ciclicidad sedimentaria en depósitos lacustres evaporíticos tipo playa-lake del Pleistoceno inferior en la cuenca de Guadix-Baza (Cordillera Bética, España)

RESUMENLa cuenca de Guadix-Baza (Cordillera Betica) expone en su sector oriental una unidad sedimentaria de edad Pleistoceno inferior (Gelasiense y parte mas baja del Calabriense), originada en un ambiente lacustre some-ro. En esta unidad destaca su elevada potencia (hasta 400 m), una tasa de sedimentacion maxima de 44.4 cm/ka y un rango temporal cifrado entre 2.5 y 1.6 Ma BP. Resulta comun la presencia de numerosos ciclos sedimentarios de diferente escala, marcados por la alternancia de margas-arenas en zonas marginales y margas-yesos en zonas centrales, que estarian originados por fases de inundacion permanente y fases de evaporacion/re-inundacion debido a cambios climaticos globales. Los analisis espectrales realizados me-diante la transformada de Fourier han revelado la existencia de frecuencias temporales comprendidas entre 0.2 y 5.2 ka asociadas a estos ciclos sedimentarios, cuyo origen parece estar motivado por oscilaciones en los niveles de radiacion solar y la influencia lunar, que habrian inducido cambios climaticos globales capaces de generar variaciones en el nivel de las aguas del lago. Los analisis de autocorrelacion, efectua-dos independientemente sobre los niveles margosos y evaporiticos, confirman esta conclusion, al senalar correlaciones directas significativas en el entorno de cuatro a doce ciclos sedimentarios, lo que conforme a las estimaciones de tasas de sedimentacion corresponderia a repeticiones de la serie en un rango temporal comprendido entre 1.3 y 4 ka. Palabras clave: analisis espectral, ciclicidad sedimentaria, cuenca de Guadix-Baza, depositos lacustres, Pleis-toceno inferior
Proximate composition, mineral content and acceptability of granulated maize dumpling (Dambu Masara) with varying proportions of ingredients

Dambu masara (granulated maize dumpling) was produced using different proportions of maize, groundnut and water. The dehulled, cleaned grain was pulverized into coarse particles mixed with moringa, spices and water. The mixture was steamed and the “Dambu masara” produced were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, acceptability and mineral contents. The results obtained were statistically analyzed to determine the differences among the parameters studied. The moisture, ash, protein, crude fibre, soluble carbohydrate and energy contents of seven formulations of Dambu masara produced ranged from 15.6 – 36.0%, 3.9 – 6.0%, 12.5 – 18.3%, 1.9 – 3.1%, 31.8 – 50.76% and 8.658 to 14.812 KJ/g, respectively. Calcium ranged from 59.95 – 70.7 PPM (mg/1000g), whereas the Magnesium content ranged from 296 – 514.3 PPM. Phosphorus ranged from 700 – 1250 PPM. There were significant difference among the color, taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability of Dambu masara produced from the various formulations. The traditional formulation and the samples with 70:30 ratio of (Maize to groundnut), and those with 60 g of water were the most acceptable products.
The black walnut resource in the United States

Between 1989 and 1999 the total volume of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) in the United States increased from 1.6 to 2.4 billion cubic feet. Saw log volume (International ¼-inch scale) increased from 4.3 to 7.2 billion board feet. Increases occurred in most states; however, in Michigan, Ohio, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Kansas black walnut volumes decreased or remained nearly constant and/or mean tree quality appeared to decrease. National forest inventory data is available online and can readily be queried to summarize and map characteristics of black walnut and other species by individual states, groups of counties, or other geographic areas. The majority of black walnut trees occur in natural stands in association with other fine hardwoods. On average black walnut comprises about 11% of the total volume in stands where it occurs. Thus, opportunities to apply silvicultural treatments to increase walnut volume or value in natural stands usually also provide the option to do the same for other associated hardwood species.
Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale ( DSQOLS ) in U . K . English for adults with type 1 diabetes

http://sro.sussex. ac.uk Cooke, Debbie, O'Hara, Mary Clare, Beinhart, Naomi, Heller, Simon, La Marca, Roberto, Byrne, Molly, Mansell, Peter, Dinneen, Sean F, Clarke, Marie, Bond, Rod and Speight, Jane (2012) Linguistic and psychometric validation of the Diabetes-Specific Quality-of-Life Scale (DSQOLS) in U.K. English for adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 36 (5). pp. 1117-1125. ISSN 01495992
Large-scale whole genome sequencing of M. tuberculosis provides insights into transmission in a high prevalence area

To improve understanding of the factors influencing tuberculosis transmission and the role of pathogen variation, we sequenced all available specimens from patients diagnosed over 15 years in a whole district in Malawi. Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages were assigned and transmission networks constructed, allowing ≤10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) difference. We defined disease as due to recent infection if the network-determined source was within 5 years, and assessed transmissibility from forward transmissions resulting in disease. High-quality sequences were available for 1687 disease episodes (72% of all culture-positive episodes): 66% of patients linked to at least one other patient. The between-patient mutation rate was 0.26 SNPs/year (95% CI 0.21–0.31). We showed striking differences by lineage in the proportion of disease due to recent transmission and in transmissibility (highest for lineage-2 and lowest for lineage-1) that were not confounded by immigration, HIV status or drug resistance. Transmissions resulting in disease decreased markedly over time. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.05166. 001
Geophysical exploration of Antarctic blue ice areas (BIAs) for paleoclimate applications : a doctoral thesis by

Antarctic blue ice areas (BIAs) cover about 1 % of Antarctic surface area. The BIAs are known to have very old ice at the surface. This ice could be of great value for paleoclimatic purposes but the dating of the surface blue ice is demanding. Only few BIAs have been studied for paleoclimatic purposes although the temporal resolution in paleoclimatic data collected from the surface of a BIA can be higher than those of any of the vertical Antarctic ice cores. In this study, we focus on Scharffenbergbotnen, a blue ice area in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Surface mass balance, ice flow velocities, and age gradient of the surface blue ice are determined by stake, ground penetrating radar, and differential GPS measurements. We estimate the surface age gradient and the age of our blue ice samples by adjusting a flowmodel to match with radiocarbon ages of the ice samples from the same area. The age gradients estimated by the flowmodel, by following isochrones with a ground penetrating radar, and by high resolution isotopic analysis are rather consistent. An isotopic analysis of a limited set of snow and blue ice samples can provide a fast and easy way to make a first estimation of the age of a BIA. A 101m long continuous surface profile was also analysed for stable water isotopes from Scharffenbergbotnen BIA. According to the dating model the time period sampled is about a 500-year span of the mid-Holocene. The isotopic analysis imply that the mid-Holocene samples in Scharffenbergbotnen originate from a cooler climate period than the present. Furthermore, comparison with 10500 year old ice shows that the modern climate is about 1.0±0.3oC warmer than the early Holocene climatic optimum in Scharffenbergbotnen. Many of the BIAs in mountainous areas of Dronning Maud Land are of Holocene origin. Changes in ice sheet thickness control the existence of the BIAs in the mountainous areas. Scharffenbergbotnen BIA was much smaller in the last glacial maximum than it is today. However, there are significant differences between the ice sheet elevation history in the mountainous areas of Dronning Maud Land and in central East Antarctica and Transantarctic mountains. This work emphasises that geophysical data must be combined with ice core analysis to get a reliable paleoclimate record. Although dating can be demanding, BIAs can provide high resolution paleoclimatic data that cannot be extracted from anywhere else.
Winter cover cropping effects on integrative biological indicators of soil quality

approved: Richard P. Dick Responses of biological indicators of soil quality to winter cover cropping were measured on soil samples collected from 6 commercial growers' fields and two experiment research stations in the Willamette Valley of Oregon. The research stations were the North Willamette Research and Extension Center (Aurora, OR), and the Oregon State University Vegetable Farm (Corvallis, OR). The research stations and five on-farm sites compared winter cover crops or winter fallow in rotation with a summer vegetable crop. In one on-farm site, minimum tillage or conventional till following winter cover crops was compared. The objectives of this study were to: 1) monitor changes in soil biological properties under field managed with cover crops; 2) test potential of buried cotton strip as indicator of soil biological activity and as a soil quality index; and 3) assess the degree of correlation between tensile strength and cotton strip weight loss. The major findings were: 1) microbial biomass carbon and B-glucosidase activity were the most sensitive to cover crop management; 2) cotton strip decomposition was correlated to soil biological properties but was not very sensitive to management changes; and 3) that measuring weight loss was nearly as effective as tensile strength in assessing cotton strip decomposition in soils. Redacted for Privacy ©Copyright by Evelyne L. Ndiaye December 15, 1998 All Rights Reserved Winter Cover Cropping Effects on Integrative Biological Indicators of Soil Quality by Evelyne L. Ndiaye
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Composition in The Gunung Berlumut Recreational Forest, Kluang, Johor, Malaysia.

The macro invertebrate community structure was surveyed at Sungai Dengar sub-catchment located in Gunung Berlumut Recreational Forest in Kluang, Johor from 08 to 11 August 2009 by using surber net. Three (3) sampling sites (A, B & C) comprises of five (5) sampling points were fixed by Global Positioning System (GPS). Site A is located at most up-stream with elevation 300 meters from the mean sea level was categorized as pristine-pristine station, while site B was categorized as impacted station. The objective of the study was to identify and to compare the Benthic macro-invertebrate compositions in Sungai Dengar with different land use and elevation. Based on the result obtained, Diptera particularly Chironomidae were found abundant at station A and station C1. Station A also recorded an abundance of Mollusca particularly from the family Atyiedae and Palaemonidae. The results obtained also showed an abundance of the genus of Pseudiron, Potamanthus an Ephemerella from Ephermerotera order at the impacted stations (C1 & C2), besides Chirinomidae. Odonata, Trichoptera Coleoptera and Mesogastropoda were the order least found at all the sampling stations.