Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circular Quarter-Mode SIW Antenna for WBAN Application

ABSTRACT In this paper, a miniaturized Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) antenna is designed for 5.8 GHz Wireless Body Area Network application. The proposed antenna is based on a quarter-mode concept, which is acquired by cutting a circular patch into four quarters along the perfect magnetic walls. Later on, by etching a tilted-rectangular slot on the top of a quarter-mode SIW cavity, two modes TM210 and TM020 get coupled and in results, an enhancement in bandwidth is achieved. The performance of the fabricated antenna has been validated on pork tissues. The measured impedance bandwidth and the radiation efficiency of the antenna are 400 MHz [5.52–5.92 GHz] and 88.5%, respectively. The evaluated value of specific absorption rate on pork tissues is 1 W/kg averaged over 1 g mass of tissue, with the input power of 250 mW. The simulation results and the measurement results examined on pork tissues agree well with each other.
Performance of Dual-Hop Forward Relay Diversity Systems in Wireless Nakagami Fading Channels

Future wireless communication systems have to support very high data rates in order to achieve any-time, any- where, all-service connectivity. The vision is not feasible with the conventional cellular architecture as it demands a drastic increase in the number of base stations Introduction of wireless relays is one possible solution to the problem to increase the capacity as well as radio coverage area with minimal increment in the capital expenditures. In this paper we find the end-to- end statistics of a two hop non-regenerative relay branch, each hop being Nakagami-m faded. Closed form expressions for the probability density functions of the signal envelope at the output of a selection combiner and a maximal ratio combiner at the destination node are also derived and analytical formulations are verified through computer simulation. These density functions are useful in evaluating the system performance in terms of bit error rate and outage probability. Keywords—co-operative diversity, diversity combining, maximal ratio combining, selection combining.
Systems and analytical techniques towards practical energy breakdowns for homes

Buildings contribute significantly to overall energy consumption across the world. Studies suggest that providing occupants with an energy breakdown: per-appliance energy consumption, can help them save up to 15% energy. However, there are currently no practical solutions to provide an energy breakdown. There are three core problems impeding the practicality of energy breakdown: 1) comparability it is virtually impossible to compare two energy breakdown techniques, 2) actionability current research focuses mostly on giving an energy breakdown, without considering insights that can help users save energy, and 3) scalability current research requires hardware in each home, and thus can not be scaled across all homes. In this thesis, we address these three core problems towards making energy breakdown more practical. First, we present open source tools and data sets that make it easier to compare energy breakdown methods. Second, we present techniques that create actionable energy saving insights from appliance energy traces. The generated insights such as modifying thermostat temperature setpoint can save up to 10% energy. Third, we propose new methods that can provide an energy breakdown, without installing any sensor in the home. Our methods are not only more scalable, they are also up to 37% more accurate compared to the state-of-the-art energy breakdown techniques. To summarise, our thesis attempts to make energy breakdown more practical, by making it comparable, actionable, and scalable. Thesis Supervisor: Amarjeet Singh Title: Assistant Professor Thesis Supervisor: Kamin Whitehouse Title: Associate Professor
Design and Analysis of Resonant Leaky-mode Broadband Reflectors

Devices based on the guided-mode resonance (GMR) efiect are very promising elements in the areas of optics and electromagnetics. They can provide variety of spectral re- sponses only founded on periodically patterning of a single optical layer on a substrate or as a free-standing membrane. Although the main manifestation of the GMR efiect is sharp reso- nances in the re∞ection spectra, by proper selection of device parameters, attainment of variety of optical spectral responses such as narrow bandpass/bandstop fllters, broadband re∞ectors, po- larizers and so on is possible. Since in this kind of elements, light is coupled into waveguide leaky modes through a subwavelength grating structure, the device works in the second (leaky) stop- band. Response of such devices is highly dependent on the modal characteristics of the guiding layer. Broadband high re∞ectors, based on periodically patterned single layers (with substrate or as a membrane), are promising and attractive elements in the area of optical devices and have recently found practical application as top mirror in tunable vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). In this paper, a single layer, strongly-modulated GMR-based broadband high re∞ector is designed for 1.45{2.0"m band for TE and TM polarizations using particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique; a robust, easy to implement evolutionary technique inspired from the behavior of particles in a swarm searching for their requirements resources. A silicon-on- insulator (SOI) structure has been chosen in which the binary patterned silicon layer act as both grating and waveguide. The spectral and modal characteristics of these elements are analyzed utilizing rigorous electromagnetic techniques like rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and modal techniques. The designed re∞ector for TM and TE polarizations provide » 520nm and » 125nm bandwidth at > 99% re∞ectance, respectively. Also, showing the re∞ection and trans- mission maps as well as the mode proflles, we investigate the efiect of refractive index modulation and the thickness of the grating on device's spectral response.
Aging Analysis of Digital Integrated Circuits

The aging of integrated circuits leads to a degradation of device parameters, which in turn may lead to a malfunction of the circuit. First, the two dominant aging effects (NBTI and HCI) and their impact on digital standard cells are investigated. Then, two methods are presented to analyze the degradation of the circuit delay on gate and macro cell level. The method on gate level distinguishes itself from the state-of-the-art due to its better accuracy. Based on the aging analysis method for macro cells, a method is introduced to monitor the degradation of an integrated circuit in the field. This makes it possible to consider aging not just during circuit design, but to react on the individual degradation of an aged circuit in the field.
Analysis of Low Voltage Bulk-Driven High Swing Cascode Current Mirrors for Low Voltage Applications

P. Devendra Kumar1, D.Vijay Kumar2 1(M.Tech in VLSI &EMBEDED SYSTEM DESIGN, Student), 2Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering Department Velagapudi Ramakrishna Siddhartha Engineering College, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University -Kakinada, Kanuru, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh Abstract: Now a days Low voltage along with low power topologies of analog and mixed signal designs have gained enormous importance due to increased demand of portable devices. The bulk-driven technology is emerging as an important design technique to achieve intensifies performance in low voltage analog circuits. Low voltage self-biased high swing cascode current mirror employing bulk-driven nmos transistor is proposed and proposed circuit has to be simulated in cadence tool, and different current mirrors like wilson current mirror and triple cascode current mirror are implemented under bulk-driven technology and simulated in cadence tool, and the results are compared with the gate-driven technology .
Desarrollo de una plataforma de procesamiento en tiempo real y hardware in the loop para el uso y configuración de protecciones adaptativas

In systems with different sources of generation (distributed generation) there are problems of coordination and adjustment of the protections in the system, because there is a change in fault levels and flows when a fault occurs, so it is of great important insight into the coordination aspects of protections operate distribution systems with distributed generation and the need to consider different scenarios in system operation. Adaptive protections are presented as a solution for protection coordination in systems with distributed generation and allowing coordination of protections active distribution system in which constantly changes its topology. This is why it is to make a tool to test digital relay units for use as adaptive protection in distribution systems and thus allowing speed up the process of implementing these systems current or future distribution. This paper presents a theoretical framework about the state of the art adaptive protection and a first look at its advantages and implementation is done.
On-board health monitoring of power modules in inverters driving induction motors

This thesis presents an on-board methodology for monitoring the health of power (converter) modules in drive systems. The ability to keep regular track of the actual degradation level of the modules enables the adoption of preventive maintenance, reducing or even eliminating altogether the appearance of failures during operation, significantly improving the availability of the power devices. The novelty of this work is twofold: the complete system that is used to achieve degradation monitoring; combining the heating technique (to obtain thermal transient) and the measurement without additional power components such as IGBT, MOSFETS, which affects the reliability, power density and complexity. The only additional component is an analog measurement circuit, which can be integrated into the gate drive board. The test routine is carried out during non-operational periods and idle times. Trains are used as a case study, where checks for degradation are made when the train is not in use, such as at the end of the day, after daily operation or at the start before daily operation and other non-operational periods. It is important to keep the train at standstill while tests are carried out. Hence a methodology to heat the devices with current from the input supply while keeping the motor load at a stand-still is presented. Experimental results obtained from this show that it is possible to implement an on-board health monitoring system in converters which measures the degradation on power modules. The work uses the concepts of vector control heating and structure function to check for degradation. It puts forward a system that is used on-board to measure the cooling curve and derive the structure function during idle times for maintenance purposes. The structure function is good tool for tracking the magnitude and location of degradation in power modules. Vector control gives the advantage of controlling the motor with field current and torque current (similar concept to DC motors).
Additions to the knowledge of Urumaquia robusta (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga, Megatheriidae) from the Urumaco Formation (Late Miocene), Estado Falcon, Venezuela

: We describe new remains ofUrumaquia robusta Carlini, Brandoni Sänchez, 2006, which significantly improve the knowledge of the species and allow a more precise discussion about the relationships with the rest of the South American Megatheriinae. The new remains (ulna, phalanx, femora, patella, tibia, astragalus, navicular, metatarsals IV–V) described here suggest close affinities of this taxon with the species ofPyramiodontherium and withMegatheriops rectidens, based on morphological similarities of the ulna (length, gracility), femur (general morphology, shape of the medial margin), and astragalus (angle between the discoidal and odontoid facets). In fact, the shape of femoral medial margin is a shared derived character amongUrumaquia, Pyramiodontherium andMegatheriops. However, and despite the increasing information concerning Tertiary species, their phylogenetic relationships are only partially understood.
Alignment of Memory Transfers of a Time-Predictable Stack Cache

Modern computer architectures use features which often complicate the WCET analysis of real-time software. Alternative time-predictable designs, and in particular caches, thus are gaining more and more interest. A recently proposed stack cache, for instance, avoids the need for the analysis of complex cache states. Instead, only the occupancy level of the cache has to be determined. The memory transfers generated by the standard stack cache are not generally aligned. These unaligned accesses risk to introduce complexity to the otherwise simple WCET analysis. In this work, we investigate three diﬀerent approaches to handle the alignment problem in the stack cache: (1) unaligned transfers, (2) alignment through compiler-generated padding, (3) a novel hardware extension ensuring the alignment of all transfers. Simulation results show that our hardware extension oﬀers a good compromise between average-case performance and analysis complexity.
Is the Timed Up and Go (TUG) Sensitive to Differentiating Patients with Mild to Moderate PD Compared to Age Matched Controls: A Descriptive Pilot Study

Background: As the population ages, an increasing number of individuals are diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), a complex, progressive, neurodegenerative motor and nonmotor disorder which can compromise quality of life/ independence. Given there are no laboratory tests to rule in the disorder, the diagnosis may be delayed until 85% of the dopamine neurons are degenerated. Could the clinical Timed Up and Go (TUG) test serve as an inexpensive, clinical biomarker to help physicians make a diagnosis of PD? Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional evaluation study included 30 participants (15 with mild to moderate PD [Hoehn and Yahr I-II] and 15 age matched controls. Dependent variables included gender, age, self-reported motor and non-motor impairments paired with standardized measurements of mobility, balance (TUG) and cognition. Seventy percent of participants returned to be tested with the instrumental, dual task TUG (iTUG), the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSTS) and 360o turning. Dependent variables were described (mean and standard deviation) and group differences tested for significance with the Two Sample T Test (P<0.05). Results: TUG performance was within normal limits with no significant differences between the two groups (7.28 secondsage matched controls and 7.60 secondsPD). In addition, no significant differences were found between the two groups relative to gender, age, pain, fall history or gait speed. However, age matched controls were significantly less depressed, had better balance confidence but reported significantly less physical activity, more medical problems and more prescription medications. Discussion and Conclusions: The TUG was not a clinically sensitive biomarker to distinguish age matched healthy participants from those with mild-moderate PD who exercised aggressively. The dual task instrumental iTUG variant of the TUG may be more sensitive as a clinical biomarker for distinguishing individuals with early PD from age matched controls.
Monolithic Perimeter Gated Single Photon Avalanche Diode Based Optical Detector in Standard CMOS

Since the 1930’s photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) have been used in single photon detection. Single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are p-n junctions operated in the Geiger mode. Unlike PMTs, CMOS based SPADs are smaller in size, insensitive to magnetic fields, less expensive, less temperature dependent, and have lower bias voltages. Using appropriate readout circuitry, they measure properties of single photons, such as energy, arrival time, and spatial path making them excellent candidates for single photon detection. CMOS SPADs suffer from premature breakdown due to the non-uniform distribution of the electric field. This prevents full volumetric breakdown of the device and reduces the detection efficiency by increasing the noise. A novel device known as the perimeter gated SPAD (PGSPAD) is adopted in this dissertation for mitigating the premature perimeter breakdown without compromising the fill-factor of the device. The novel contributions of this work are as follows. A novel simulation model, including SPICE characteristics and the stochastic behavior, has been developed for the perimeter gated SPAD. This model has the ability to simulate the static current-voltage and dynamic response characteristics. It also simulates the noise and spectral response.
0 1-Lactamase Inhibitors from Laboratory to Clinic

INTRODUCTION. 109 I-LACTAMASES . 109 Production Characteristics . 109 Substrate Specificities. 110 ,I-LACTAMASE INHIBITION.111 Mechanisms of Action: General. 111 Mechanisms of Action: Specific . 112 Clavulanic acid. 112 Sulbactam . 113 Other P-lactam inhibitors . 113 IN VITRO ACTIVITY. 114 Antimicrobial Activity of Inhibitors Alone . 114 Synergistic Activity of Inhibitors . 115 CLINICAL USAGE. 117 Clavulanic Acid . 117 Augmentin: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid . 117 Timentin: ticarcillin-clavulanic acid. 117 Sulbactam . 117 Sultamicillin. 117 Ampicillin-sulbactam . 118 FUTURE PROSPECTS . 118 Desirable Properties for New Inhibitors . 118 Limitations of Combination Therapy . 118 Alternatives to P-Lactamase Inhibitors . 118 CONCLUSIONS . 119 ACKNOWLEDGMENT . 119 LITERATURE CITED. 119
Parallel Genetic Algorithm Model to Extract Association Rules

— Over the past generation, the process of discovering interesting association rules in data mining and knowledge discovery has become a cornerstone of contemporary decision support environments. While most of the existing algorithms do indeed focus on discovering high interestingness and accuracy relationships between items in the databases, they tend to have limited scalability and performance. In this paper, we discuss a Parallel Genetic Algorithm Model (PGAM) that has been designed as a scalable and high performance association rules engine. Experimental results demonstrate that the model offers the potential to optimize both scalability and performance in association rules mining.
Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı Üzerine Sağlık Sigortasının Etkisi

ÖZET AMAÇ : Nijerya 2005’te Ulusal Sağlık Sigortası Projesi’nin Kamu Sektörü Sosyal Sağlık Sigortası bileşeni ile tanıştı. Kamu çalışanlarına katkı payı içeren bir sağlık güvence paketi sağlandı. Ordu için tüm katkı devlet tarafından ödenmektedir. Sağlık sigortasından önce Nijerya askeri hastanesinde reçeteleme örüntüsü yüksek muayene başına ilaç sayısı, düşük jenerik ilaç kullanımı ve yüksek enjeksiyon kullanımından dolayı akılcı değildi. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ)’nün kriterlerini kullanarak aynı tesiste sağlık sigprtasının akılcı ilaç kullanımını nasıl etkilediğini incelemektir. YÖNTEM: Ikoyi, Lagos Nijerya’daki Askeri Hastanenin polikliniğinde 2008 2011 arasında kabul edilen hastaların kayıtları üzerinden yürütülen retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Veriler tabakalı örnekleme ile rasgele seçilen yıl başına 45 hasta olmak üzere 180 hastanın kayıtlarından toplanmış ve DSÖ’nün istediği reçeteleme indikatörleri hesaplanmıştır. BULGULAR: Toplam 180 hastaların yaşı 1 hafta ile 66 yıl (mean 24,09±17,02) arasındaydı. En fazla hasta büyük gruplar 10 yaş altı (%28,3) ve 30-39 yaş (%27,8) gruplarındaydı. Erkek kadın oranı 1,15’e 1 idi. 180 muayenede 160 hastaya 466 ilaç reçete edilmişti. Muayene başına ilaç sayısı 2,6, jenerik reçeteleme hızı %56,4 ve antibiyotik yazma hızı %35 iken enjeksiyon reçetesi hızı %8,9 idi. Kalitatif çalışmadaki 50 soru formundan 29’u doktorlar 16’sı eczacılar tarafından dolduruldu. Doctorların %82,8’i ve eczacıların %75,0’ı reçete edilmiş ilaçların hasta tarafından ödenme sayısı ile ilgiliydi. Cepten ödeyen hastalar için doktorlar piyasa ismini %44,8 ve jenerik ismi %37,9 önerirken, eczacılar piyasa ismini %81,3 ve jenerik ismi %19,7 önerdiler. Aradaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p=0.04). SONUÇ: Cepten ödemeden sağlık sigortasına geçişte ödeme şekli değişikliği muayene başına ilaç sayısını azalttı ve jenerik reçetelemeyi arttırdı. Muhtemelen sağlık sigortası altında artmış ödeme gücünden kaynaklanan antibiyotik reçeteleme hızında hafif artış oldu. Nijerya’da sağlık sigortası ajansları paydaşlarını akılcı ilaç kullanımı konusunda aydınlatma ihtiyacı duyarken hükümet sigorta yararlanımlarını optimize ederek kapsanan toplumu genişletmelidir.
Antihyperglycemic Activity Evaluation of Antidiabetic Herbal Formulations on Alloxan Induced Rats

Three marketed oral antidiabetic herbal tablet formulations have been comparatively studied for their antidiabetic potentialities in alloxan induced diabetic rats (AIDRs). This sort of study is a good indicator for the evaluation of the idealness of an antidiabetic preparation. Marketed antidiabetic herbal formulations from different manufacturers were randomly chosen for this study. The blood glucose levels were investigated in AIDRs after 4 and 8 hours of single dose (5ml/kg body weight). The treatment of these test products, significantly (p<0.01) reduced blood glucose by 31.59%, 50.58% and 16.0% respectively; after 8 hours of oral administration of sample solutions in distilled water which were fitted with antihyperglycemic effects of standard metformin-HCl. All the products were found effective in lowering blood glucose level. It may be inferred that the antidiabetic herbal tablets of Bangladeshi manufacturers complies with the standard specifications for antihyperglycemic potentialities.
DECREASED CONNECTIVITY OF THALAMUS AND NEOCORTEX DURING NREM SLEEP Decreased Connectivity between the Thalamus and the Neocortex during Human Nonrapid Eye Movement Sleep

Study Objectives: To determine whether thalamocortical signaling between the thalamus and the neocortex decreases from wakefulness to nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Design: Electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected simultaneously at 02:30 after 44 h of sleep deprivation. Setting: Clinical research hospital. Participants: There were six volunteers (mean age 24.2 y, one male) who yielded sufficient amounts of usable, artifact-free data. All were healthy, right-handed native English speakers who consumed less than 710 mL of caffeinated beverages per day. Psychiatric, neurological, circadian, and sleep disorders were ruled out by reviewing each patient’s clinical history. A standard clinical nocturnal polysomnogram was negative for sleep disorders. Interventions: N/A. Measurements and Results: A functional connectivity analysis was performed using the centromedian nucleus as the seed region. We determined the statistical significance of the difference between correlations obtained during wakefulness and during slow wave sleep. Neocortical regions displaying decreased thalamic connectivity were all heteromodal regions (e.g., medial frontal gyrus and posterior cingulate/precuneus), whereas there was a complete absence of neocortical regions displaying increased thalamic connectivity. Although more clusters of significant decreases were observed in stage 2 sleep, these results were similar to the results for slow wave sleep. Conclusions: Results of this study provide evidence of a functional deafferentation of the neocortex during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in humans. This deafferentation likely accounts for increased sensory awareness thresholds during NREM sleep. Decreased thalamocortical connectivity in regions such as the posterior cingulate/precuneus also are observed in coma and general anesthesia, suggesting that changes in thalamocortical connectivity may act as a universal “control switch” for changes in consciousness that are observed in coma, general anesthesia, and natural sleep.