Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diatom response to mid-Holocene climate in three small Arctic lakes in northernmost Finnmark

Palaeoclimatic reconstructions from lake sediment biological records can be challenging, due to variation in non-climatic factors, which alter ecosystem responses. To consider this, it is important to replicate a study regionally, so as to gain information on spatial variability of ecosystem response and the influence of site-specific conditions. Previous pollen-based palaeoclimatic records from three well-dated Arctic lake sites highlight the response of regional Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Mountain Birch (Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) forest-tundra transition to Holocene climatic variability and suggest the northernmost Peninsulas of Finnmark to be climatically sensitive. This study analysed dated sediment sequences between c. 3970 and c. 6200 cal. yr BP from these three previously published shallow lakes: Liten Čap’pesjav’ri (LCJ), over Gunnarsfjorden (OGF) and over Kobbkrokvatnet (OKV), for freshwater diatoms. Diatom assemblages showed an increase in the planktonic diatoms relative to benthic diatoms, with an onset towards higher abundances of small centric planktonic diatoms at OGF (between c. 5270 and 5350 cal. yr BP) and OKV (between c. 5280 and 5350 cal. yr BP). Additionally, a diatom compositional shift was detected at LCJ between c. 5180 and 5300 cal. yr BP. Trend analysis found the main diatom compositional change at all three sites to occur at 5300 cal. yr BP. However, this synchronous diatom shift during the mid-Holocene varies in magnitude within the three Finnmark lakes. The abrupt planktonic:benthic diatom ratio changes are independent of the Pinus:Betula ratios and are likely to be a result of lake ice-cover changes, allowing longer growing seasons, greater water column stability and higher nutrient concentrations from surrounding catchments. This study highlights the significant differences in aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial vegetation response to climatic changes, with diatom assemblages at these sites either responding before the regional tree-line shift or to a separate climatic event within the mid-Holocene.
State Emotional Clarity Is an Indicator of Fluid Emotional Intelligence Ability

Emotional clarity is one facet of emotional intelligence that refers to one’s meta-understanding of and ability to identify and describe feelings. The existing research has largely focused on trait emotional clarity and its benefits for greater psychological well-being, more successful emotion regulation/coping, and diminished psychopathology. Researchers have begun to examine state or momentary emotional clarity in daily life. In this paper, we situate emotional clarity within the larger literature on emotional intelligence abilities. Then, we argue that state clarity relies on the ability to incorporate information from the dynamic contexts that emotions unfold in and should more closely reflect one’s emotional intelligence ability relative to traditional trait measures. In addition, we review and make recommendations for measuring state emotional clarity in daily life and propose future research directions, focusing on how state emotional clarity could inform the study of emotion regulation, decision making, and goal pursuit in daily life.
Emerging Technologies within Spine Surgery

New innovations within spine surgery continue to propel the field forward. These technologies improve surgeons’ understanding of their patients and allow them to optimize treatment planning both in the operating room and clinic. Additionally, changes in the implants and surgeon practice habits continue to evolve secondary to emerging biomaterials and device design. With ongoing advancements, patients can expect enhanced preoperative decision-making, improved patient outcomes, and better intraoperative execution. Additionally, these changes may decrease many of the most common complications following spine surgery in order to reduce morbidity, mortality, and the need for reoperation. This article reviews some of these technological advancements and how they are projected to impact the field. As the field continues to advance, it is vital that practitioners remain knowledgeable of these changes in order to provide the most effective treatment possible.
Form of the Temperature-Salinity Relationship in the Central Water: Evidence for Double-Diffusive Mixing

Abstract Ingham (1966) reported that the temperature-salinity relationships in the Central Waters were much better described by a curve of constant density ratio (Rρ = αΔT/βΔS) than by a straight line. His result is quantitatively verified and a simple, but powerful, double-diffusive mechanism is proposed to explain the observed constancy of Rρ in the main thermocline. The mechanism is based on the evidence from theory, experiment and observation that the intensity of salt-finger convection is a strong function of Rρ. This dependence, plus the fact that more salt than heat is transferred by the fingers, causes any deviation from a constant Rρ to be the site of convergence or divergence of the vertical salt flux that acts to remove the perturbation in Rρ. A linear treatment of the mechanism shows that Rρ can be “diffused” with an effective diffusivity that is much greater than the diffusivities of heat or mass. A few numerical examples illustrate the predicted effects of salt fingering on the T-S relation,.
Pendampingan dan Pelatihan Senam Aerobik dan Jantung Sehat untuk Meningkatkan Kebugaran Jasmani Masyarakat RW. 05 Kelurahan Arjowinangun Malang

The aim of this program is to enhance the physical fitness of the community in RW. 05, Arjowinangun Village, Malang. This program is designed to address the challenges related to low physical fitness and the lack of understanding regarding the benefits of aerobic exercise and heart health within the community.The implementation method of the program includes preliminary studies, program planning, the execution of training sessions, monitoring, and evaluation. The outcomes of this program encompass an improvement in participants' physical fitness, a better understanding of the advantages of sports, active participation in aerobic exercise and heart health activities, and the development of positive social relationships among the community members.
Teaching and Learning with SimCity 2000

Abstract This paper introduces SimCity 2000, a popular computer simulation model, as a tool for teaching urban geography concepts. Situated within a more traditional class format, this software can enhance computer literacy, geographical knowledge, and critical skills. The dynamism and visual refinement of the software add to the entertainment value of attempting to effectively guide a city's development. These strengths of the program also facilitate learning about the complex, dynamic, and interrelated nature of urban problems. Students are highly motivated to use the software because of its game-like aspects, yet after using the program they report attitudinal learning in the form of a greater appreciation of the role of urban planners, designers, and policy-makers. Instructors should consider how to accommodate different levels of previous experience with the software, particularly in relation to a gender-based dichotomy that is indicated by this study. In addition, instructors should consider how to .
Social Interaction Is Less Rewarding in Adult Female than in Male Mice

(1) Background: Positive social relationships are essential for mental and physical health. However, not all individuals experience social interaction as a rewarding activity. (2) Methods: Social interaction reward in mice can be assessed by social conditioned place preference (CPP). The aim of this study is to investigate sex-dependent differences in the neurological underpinnings underlying social versus non-social phenotypes, using adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. (3) Results: Adult female mice expressed significantly less social reward than males from the same strain. Accordingly, pairs of male mice spent more time interacting as compared to female pairs. Subsequently, we analyzed neuropeptides previously reported to be important regulators of social behavior such as oxytocin, vasopressin, and orexin, in addition to Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (αCaMKII), shown to be involved in social reward. Levels of neuropeptides and αCaMKII were comparable between males and females in all investigated regions. Yet, a significant negative correlation was found between endogenous oxytocin expression and social reward in female pairs. (4) Conclusions: Sex differences in the prevalence of many mental health disorders might at least in part be due to sex differences in social reward. Therefore, more research is needed to unravel the candidate(s) underlying this behavioral difference.
Emissions of methane and nitrous oxide from full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants

Since 1750, the year that commonly marks the start of the Industrial Revolution, the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have risen about 40 %, 150 % and 20 %, respectively, above the pre-industrial levels due to human activity (IPCC (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC 5th Assessment Report, IPCC, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA). These elevated greenhouse gas concentrations are held responsible for climate change, which has detrimental effects on the global ecosystem. The treatment of municipal wastewater entails the emission of greenhouse gases. The emission of carbon dioxide and the extent to which it contributes to the increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is well understood. The origins of methane and nitrous oxide, both potent greenhouse gases with a global warming potential of respectively 34 and 298 CO2 equivalents over a 100 year time horizon, are far less understood. This lack of insight hampers the mitigation of these emissions. The present thesis discusses the emission of nitrous oxide and methane from municipal wastewater treatment plants. The final goal is to come up with guidelines to mitigate these emissions in order to decrease the climate footprint of wastewater treatment. This requires insight into the extent of the emissions and into the relationships between the emissions on the one hand and the plant’s operational conditions on the other hand. This work fulfils the need for decent emission data by providing long-term, online emission data from a covered wastewater treatment plant that resulted in the most precise and accurate emission estimate from a full-scale plant to date. Given the importance of reliable data, particular attention is paid to sampling techniques (dissolved methane) and sampling strategies (nitrous oxide).
IL-1 Beta—A Biomarker for Ischemic Stroke Prognosis and Atherosclerotic Lesions of the Internal Carotid Artery

Background and Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Treatment of this pathology is still under development and its risk factors remain to be determined. Therefore, we aim to determine the role of interleukin-1 beta in atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid artery as a risk factor for stroke and the role of this biomarker in stroke prognosis. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled 56 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke in the anterior vascular territory (AVT) and posterior vascular territory (PVT). All the patients had venous blood collected at admission and 7 days after the onset of the cerebral ischemia in order to determine the plasma concentration of interleukin-1 beta. At the same time, an extracranial carotid ultrasound was performed. Results: The interleukin-1 beta collected at admission was positively correlated with the NIHSS at admission (Pearson index 0.424), and both measurements were correlated with carotid stenosis (Spearmen correlation index of 0.529 and 0.653, respectively). Conclusions: Interleukin-1 beta could be a reliable biomarker for stroke prognosis and the development of atherosclerotic lesions of the internal carotid.
Optical and microphysical characteristics of aerosol structures in Central Asia

Regular measurements of tropospheric aerosol parameters have been performed from January 2002 to May 2007 at Lidar Station Teplokluchenka, Kyrgyzstan (42.40° N, 78.50° E). A combined multiwavelength and Raman lidar was used to measure profiles of the aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients, depolarization ratio and structure of the planetary boundary layer. The statistical analysis of aerosol optical properties was made both for the planetary boundary layer and for the free troposphere. Data on the aerosol backscatter profiles, which characterize a typical variation of vertical aerosol distribution, were selected for analysis. The results show seasonal values of the aerosol backscatter coefficient and the backscatter ratio in a mountainous region of Central Asia. Mean aerosol optical characteristics are estimated. Diurnal cycles of the planetary boundary layer optical characteristics are also presented. The particularities variability of optical and microphysical characteristics of the dust aerosol are revealed. The particle size distribution function and the complex refractive index have been found using the measurements of the aerosol backscattering coefficient at three wavelengths and the extinction coefficient at one wavelength. The dust events contribute significantly to very large aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficients in the boundary layer. The large masses of the dust aerosol are transported from Aral Sea basin and Middle East.
Extracting the feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell cytoskeleton with machine vision

The cytoskeleton plays an important role for maintaining cell morphology and movement. Extracting the fine feature of cytoskeleton would be helpful to investigate the role of cytoskeleton in biological and pathological process. This paper proposes a feature analysis method based on machine vision to extract the fine feature of cytoskeleton. The nasopharyngeal epithelia cells (NP69), human high metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (5-8F), and human high differentiation nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE1) were imaged with a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRFM). To extract the fine feature of cytoskeleton from these TIRFM images, three machine vison methods including the conventional threshold method, the adaptive threshold-connected-domain method (ATCD), and the maximum interclass variance method (OTSU) were used to segment the cytoskeleton. The ATCD method has great advantage over the conventional threshold and OTSU. The extracted length of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (5-8F and CNE1) cytoskeleton is shorter than that of nasopharyngeal epithelia cell (NP69). These results indicate that ATCD machine vison method can be used to extract the fine feature of cytoskeleton with high resolution TIRFM images.
Antioxidant and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase inhibitory activities of some plant samples

The antioxidant activity capacities of some plants, and their inhibitory effects on the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, the rate-determining enzyme of cholesterol synthesis, were investigated in our study. Antioxidant activity capacity and inhibitory effect of the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme were detected in all plant extracts used in our research. The results obtained determined that both antioxidant activity and % inhibition values of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme increased as the plant extracts concentration increased. The strongest ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were exhibited by pomegranate fruit extract (IC50= 1.07 ±0.04 mg/mL and IC50= 0.39 ±0.01 mg/mL, respectively). At the same time, lemon had the strongest DMPD radical scavenging activity (IC50= 9×10-4 ±6×10-5 mg/mL). The best HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity was observed in persimmon fruit extract (IC50= 0.71 ±0.18 µg/mL). The inhibitory power of this extract was much higher than that of the enzyme’s standard inhibitor, Atorvastatin (IC50 = 1.76 ±0.12 µg/mL). The extracts' potent antioxidant and inhibitory properties can be attributed to the rich phytochemical composition of plant extracts. Thus, it may be a potential source of new bioactive compounds effective against oxidative stress, hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular complications.
Quantitative relationships between field-measured leaf area index and vegetation index derived from VEGETATION images for paddy rice fields

In an effort to develop the quantitative relationships between fieldmeasured leaf area index (LAI ) and VEGETATION-derived vegetation indices for paddy rice fields, we have measured LAI of paddy rice fields at 10-day intervals at five sampling sites in Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province of China during the rice growing season (July to October) of 1999, using a LI-COR LAI-2000 plant canopy analyser. Twenty-seven 10-day VEGETATION (VGT) synthesis products (VGT-S10) from 1-10 March to 21-30 November 1999 were acquired. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values were calculated for the VGT-S10 products, using ground surface reflectance values of VGT spectral bands (B3-near-infrared; B2-red). After rice transplanting in mid to late June, LAI increased rapidly and reached its plateau by early to mid August. There were similar temporal dynamics of NDVI and LAI among the five sampling sites over the growing season of paddy rice in 1999. Simple linear regression analyses indicate that there are statistically significant linear relationships between NDVI and LAI data over the growing season of paddy rice in 1999.
Hybrid Flow Shop Scheduling With Learning Effects and Release Dates to Minimize the Makespan

The hybrid flow shop scheduling (HFS) model has significant practical applicability in fields, such as manufacturing, transportation, service, and communication. However, learning effects, refer to the phenomenon of processors spending less processing time with more familiar operations, which are common constraints in actual production while often ignored in HFS research despite their significant impact on processing efficiency. In this article, an HFS problem with learning effects and release dates is investigated from a practical application perspective. For large-scale instances, a dispatching rule-based heuristic is developed with theoretical performance guarantees by demonstrating the asymptotic optimality and the tight worst-case bound. For small-scale instances, a branch-and-boun3d algorithm is designed to obtain an exact solution. An elaborate branching scheme, an idle-time-based pruning rule, and a task-splitting-based lower bound effectively reduce the search space. For medium-scale instances, a hybrid shuffled frog-leaping algorithm combined with macro evolution and local intensification is presented to search for high-quality solutions. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of the developed algorithms against the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Relação dos sistemas de monção com as variabilidades tropical interanual e multi-decenal

Tropical circulation variability, with emphasis on the monsoon systems is examined using several variables for the 1948-1999 period. The monsoon component in the 200 hPa velocity potential (transient-χ), the deviation from the annual mean of the zonal deviation field, is the key parameter used here to obtain the monsoon modes. The Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of the transient-χ yields two separate modes. The first mode describes the multi-decadal variability of the monsoon systems in South America and in the western Pacific. This mode, called the multi-decadal monsoon (MDM) mode, occurs throughout the year and contains the multi-decadal variability linked to the PDO dynamics. The second mode describes the opposite interannual variations of the Asian, African and Indian Ocean region and western United States, Mexico and eastern Pacific Ocean. This mode, called here the interannual mode (IAM) bears some similarities with the tropical interannual El Nino-Southern Oscillation mode. Some aspects of these modes, including their circulation and thermodynamic characteristics are discussed here. Finally, indices based on the loading patterns of these modes are constructed. The potential of these indices for monitoring tasks are analyzed. This is a new aspect not proposed in previous work.
A Simple Method for Series Resistance Extraction in Ultrascaled FinFETs Using Flicker Noise

A simple method to extract series resistance in nano-scaled CMOS devices is proposed in this brief. The method is based on the flicker noise measurement. After separating the trap-induced Lorentzian-shaped noise, the series resistance is derived from the gate voltage dependence of the normalized drain current noise. The proposed method only uses one single device, and thus can provide statistical information. To validate our method, experiments are conducted on industrial-grade 7 nm FinFET devices with different sizes and compared with other techniques in the literature. The proposed method needs no assumptions of mobility dependence on voltage and is applicable to short-channel devices in advanced technology nodes.
An Extended Boost Three-Phase Transformerless PV Inverter for Common-Mode Leakage Current Reduction

A known issue with transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters is the generation of common-mode (CM) ground leakage currents. Single-phase transformerless topologies have been proposed that can achieve CM current suppression, but the relevant concepts do not perform equally well when applied to three-phase topologies. Existing three-phase transformerless topologies also have increased component count and losses, while their modified modulation strategies typically reduce output voltage quality and DC-bus voltage utilization. This article presents a new three-phase PV inverter topology which achieves CM current suppression by incorporating a modification, the addition of a diode, in the boost converter that precedes the three-phase inverter stage. The boost converter switching is coordinated with that of the inverter, which operates based on an adapted modulation strategy that practically eliminates the CM current when the PV array voltage is lower than a certain threshold. For higher PV array voltages, conventional modulation strategies can be applied, which are also shown to reduce the generated CM current by up to 90%. All the above strategies retain a high output voltage/current quality, while the added diode losses have a minor impact of approximately 0.3% on the converter efficiency. The effectiveness of the topology with respect to CM current suppression is demonstrated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results from a comprehensive laboratory setup.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Feasibility in Assessing Carotid Plaque Vulnerability—Narrative Review

The risk assessment for carotid atherosclerotic lesions involves not only determining the degree of stenosis but also plaque morphology and its composition. Recently, carotid contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has gained importance for evaluating vulnerable plaques. This review explores CEUS’s utility in detecting carotid plaque surface irregularities and ulcerations as well as intraplaque neovascularization and its alignment with histology. Initial indications suggest that CEUS might have the potential to anticipate cerebrovascular incidents. Nevertheless, there is a need for extensive, multicenter prospective studies that explore the relationships between CEUS observations and patient clinical outcomes in cases of carotid atherosclerotic disease.