Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Size and harvest time of cladodes modulate the composition and physicochemical stability of prickly pear cactus mucilage

The objective was to carry out a physicochemical characterization of the mucilage obtained from different sizes of cladodes harvested at different times. Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck cladodes were collected in two sizes (100 to 230 and 240 to 300 mm), at two different times (6 am and 8 pm), and processed for mucilage extraction. This was dried in an oven, and then hydrated and kept at 5 °C for 12 days. The mucilage yield after harvest was quantified, in addition to the characterization of the main bands in the infrared region. In the mucilage, the following physicochemical analyzes were performed: K+ and Na+ content, electrical conductivity, titratable acidity, pH, total phenolic compounds, vitamin C, total soluble solids, total soluble carbohydrates, total soluble proteins after harvest (day 0), and to the 12 days of storage at 5 ºC. Correlation between the variables was determined through principal component analysis (PCA). The highest mucilage yield was obtained in cladodes harvested at 6 am, regardless of size. The 6 am harvest showed higher acidity and protein content and lower concentrations of soluble solids, EC, Na+, K+, vitamin C, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds. In conservation, the mucilage of the cladodes with sizes between 100 and 230 mm and the harvest at 6 am showed greater stability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a tendency of formed groups between different sizes, harvest times, and conservation days, indicating that different conditions for obtaining the cladodes result in differences in the composition and stability of the mucilage. Thus, the results show that, in addition to the climatic conditions, as proposed by other authors, the harvest time and the size of the cladode modulate the physicochemical and important ion composition and stability, which can change the technological and industrial applications of mucilage.
Ontario Teachers’ Policy Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic

In this article, we combine theories of teacher leadership, policy leadership, street-level leadership, and policy enactment to inform our novel conceptualization of teachers’ policy leadership. We draw on data collected through a series of 3 focus group interviews with 31 secondary school teachers in Ontario between July 2020 and February 2021 to show how the dynamism of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted this aspect of their work. Specifically, our findings show the influence of administrative support and the shifting external, situated, and spatial contexts on teachers’ policy leadership. The findings also highlight the role of refusal and creative reinterpretation of educators who prioritized student well-being during the pandemic as schooling transitioned from more flexible emergency remote learning to a less flexible “business as usual” approach.
Application of Nature in the Motif of Malay Traditional Jewellery in Malaysia

The application of nature in traditional Malay jewellery motifs has been practiced since time immemorial as the main element of decoration and design variations. In this study, the traditional jewellery chosen is dokoh, one of the favourites of the Malays worn on the neck with kebaya. This study aims to identify the application of natural elements in design motifs in Malaysia. Qualitative research involving observation, description, and composition analysis are applied using a formal analytical approach. This research helps to preserve Malaysia's heritage and become a reference for future generations regarding extrinsic and intrinsic values. Keywords: Dokoh; Motif; Malay, Traditional Jewellery eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue). 3796
CLUSTERING BETWEEN HIGH-MASS X-RAY BINARIES AND OB ASSOCIATIONS IN THE MILKY WAY

We present the first direct measurement of the spatial cross-correlation function of high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) and active OB star-forming complexes in the Milky Way. This result relied on a sample containing 79 hard X-ray-selected HMXBs and 458 OB associations. Clustering between the two populations is detected with a significance above 7σ for distances <1 kpc. Thus, HMXBs closely trace the underlying distribution of the massive star-forming regions that are expected to produce the progenitor stars of HMXBs. The average offset of 0.4 ± 0.2 kpc between HMXBs and OB associations is consistent with being due to natal kicks at velocities of the order of 100 ± 50 km s−1. The characteristic scale of the correlation function suggests an average kinematical age (since the supernova phase) of ∼4 Myr for the HMXB population. Despite being derived from a global view of our Galaxy, these signatures of HMXB evolution are consistent with theoretical expectations as well as observations of individual objects.
Stabilizing effect of flexibility in the wake of a flapping foil

Abstract The wake of a flexible foil undergoing pitching oscillations in a low-speed hydrodynamic tunnel is used to examine the effect of chordwise foil flexibility in the dynamical features of flapping-based propulsion. We compare the regime transitions in the wake with respect to the case of a rigid foil and show that foil flexibility inhibits the symmetry breaking of the reverse Bénard–von Kármán wake reported in the literature. A momentum balance calculation shows the average thrust to be up to three times greater for the flexible foil than for the rigid foil. We explain both of these observations by analysing the vortex dynamics in the very near wake.
A Novel Wavelet Approach for Multiclass iEEG Signal Classification in Automated Diagnosis of Epilepsy

Besides the real-time data acquired from intracranial electroencephalogram iEEG, an algorithm that identifies key features is necessary for automated diagnoses of related diseases. The power of these algorithms plays a crucial role in the accuracy of medical devices. This work reports a novel optimal feature extraction approach using wavelet transform, namely, multidepth wavelet packets (MDWPs), to accurately classify multilabeled iEEG data acquired from epileptic patients using least training data. This article also reports that the number of features employed by the algorithm is critical to the classification outcomes. In an attempt to select the optimal features, the employed algorithm obtains the MDWPs by excavating through wavelet tree down to seven levels, retaining packets at each level. Features of energy are computed, and discrete cosine transform is applied across the channels for dimensionality reduction. All the extracted features are then ranked, following which an optimal number of them is determined. This optimal feature selection allows for drawing a clear line of demarcation among all the classes, which ensures perfect classification. Contrary to the state-of-the-art models, this work, in addition to providing perfect classification results in discriminating all the five classes, also takes a smaller fraction of training data to date. The Monte Carlo scheme is employed to avoid any bias in the classification results.
A Survey on Mobility of Edge Computing Networks in IoT: State-of-the-Art, Architectures, and Challenges

Edge computing leverages computing resources closer to the end-users at the edge of the network, rather than distant cloud servers in the centralized IoT architecture. Edge computing nodes (ECNs), experience less transmission latency and usually save on energy while network overheads are mitigated. The ECNs can be fixed or mobile in their positions. We will focus on mobile ECNs in this survey. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on mobile ECNs and identifies some open research questions. In particular, mobile ECNs are classified into four categories, namely aerial, ground vehicular, spatial, and maritime nodes. For each specific group, any mutual basic terms used in the state-of-the-art are described, different types of nodes employed in the group are reviewed, the general network architecture is introduced, the existing methods and algorithms are studied, and the challenges that the group is scrimmaging against are explored. Moreover, the integrated architectures are surveyed, wherein two different categories of the aforementioned nodes jointly play the role of ECNs in the network. Finally, the research gaps, that are yet to be filled in the area of mobile ECNs, are discussed along with directions for future research and investigation in this promising area.
THE DOUBLE-DEGENERATE NUCLEUS OF THE PLANETARY NEBULA TS 01: A CLOSE BINARY EVOLUTION SHOWCASE

We present a detailed investigation of SBS 1150+599A, a close binary star hosted by the planetary nebula PN G135.9+55.9 (TS 01). The nebula, located in the Galactic halo, is the most oxygen-poor known to date and is the only one known to harbor a double degenerate core. We present XMM-Newton observations of this object, which allowed the detection of the previously invisible component of the binary core, whose existence was inferred so far only from radial velocity (RV) and photometric variations. The parameters of the binary system were deduced from a wealth of information via three independent routes using the spectral energy distribution (from the infrared to X-rays), the light and RV curves, and a detailed model atmosphere fitting of the stellar absorption features of the optical/UV component. We find that the cool component must have a mass of 0.54 ± 0.2 M☉, an average effective temperature, Teff, of 58,000 ± 3000 K, a mean radius of 0.43 ± 0.3 R☉, a gravity, log g = 5.0 ± 0.3, and that it nearly fills its Roche lobe. Its surface elemental abundances are found to be: 12 + log He/H = 10.95 ± 0.04 dex, 12 + log C/H = 7.20 ± 0.3 dex, 12 + log N/H < 6.92, and 12 + log O/H < 6.80, in overall agreement with the chemical composition of the planetary nebula. The hot component has Teff = 160–180 kK, a luminosity of about ∼104 L☉ and a radius slightly larger than that of a white dwarf. It is probably bloated and heated as a result of intense accretion and nuclear burning on its surface in the past. The total mass of the binary system is very close to the Chandrasekhar limit. This makes TS 01 one of the best Type Ia supernova progenitor candidates. We propose two possible scenarios for the evolution of the system up to its present stage.
Development of a MEMS-Based IoV System for Augmenting Road Traffic Survey

Based on in situ measurements, infrastructure-to-vehicle communication, and cloud computing technologies, the “ODOS2020” project introduces an Internet-of-vehicles (IoV) solution that enables the transmission of personalized, safety-related information to a vehicle driver in real-time. In the present work, the architecture and algorithmic approach of the roadside system is presented. The system is based on low-cost, low-energy magnetic microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors that are mounted in a twin-strip architecture, and an on-the-road unit (ORU). Our focus is on the evaluation of the system’s efficiency for vehicle speed-direction estimation in real-time. Evaluation tests are organized into two categories. In the first, sensors are placed on the side of the road, while in the second the sensors are laid across the lane. Parametric tests in a fully controlled environment, as well as tests in a real environment, were performed. It is shown that the solution could provide efficient results (1% error rate), while the system’s accuracy depends on initial system calibration.
ournal of C osmology and A stroparticle hysics J Massive graviton on arbitrary background: derivation, syzygies, applications

We give the detailed derivation of the fully covariant form of the quadratic action and the derived linear equations of motion for a massive graviton in an arbitrary background metric (which were presented in arXiv:1410.8302 [hep-th]). Our starting point is the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) family of ghost free massive gravities and using a simple model of this family, we are able to express this action and these equations of motion in terms of a single metric in which the graviton propagates, hence removing in particular the need for a “reference metric” which is present in the non perturbative formulation. We show further how 5 covariant constraints can be obtained including one which leads to the tracelessness of the graviton on ﬂat space-time and removes the Boulware-Deser ghost. This last constraint involves powers and combinations of the curvature of the background metric. The 5 constraints are obtained for a background metric which is unconstrained, i.e. which does not have to obey the background ﬁeld equations. We then apply these results to the case of Einstein space-times, where we show that the 5 constraints become trivial, and Friedmann-Lemaˆıtre-Robertson-Walker space-times, for which we correct in particular some results that appeared elsewhere. To reach our results, we derive several non trivial identities, syzygies, involving the graviton ﬁelds, its derivatives and the background metric curvature. These identities have their own interest. We also discover that there exist backgrounds for which the dRGT equations cannot be unambiguously linearized.
Abundance patterns in early-type galaxies: is there a “knee” in the [Fe/H] vs. [α/Fe] relation?

Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are known to be enhanced in alpha elements, in accordance with their old ages and short formation timescales. In this contribution we aim to resolve the enrichment histories of ETGs. This means we study the abundance of Fe ([Fe/H]) and the alpha-element groups ([alpha/Fe]) separately for stars older than 9.5 Gyr ([Fe/H]o, [alpha/Fe]o) and for stars between 1.5 and 9.5 Gyr ([Fe/H]i, [alpha/Fe]i). Through extensive simulation we show that we can indeed recover the enrichment history per galaxy. We then analyze a spectroscopic sample of 2286 early-type galaxies from the SDSS selected to be ETGs. We separate out those galaxies for which the abundance of iron in stars grows throughout the lifetime of the galaxy, i.e. in which [Fe/H]o < [Fe/H]i. We confirm earlier work where the [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe] parameters are correlated with the mass and velocity dispersion of ETGs. We emphasize that the strongest relation is between [alpha/Fe] and age. This relation falls into two regimes, one with a steep slope for old galaxies and one with a shallow slope for younger ETGs. The vast majority of ETGs in our sample do not show the 'knee' in the plot of [Fe/H] vs. [alpha/Fe] commonly observed in local group galaxies. This implies that for the vast majority of ETGs, the stars younger than 9.5 Gyrs are likely to have been accreted or formed from accreted gas. The properties of the intermediate-age stars in accretion-dominated ETGs indicate that mass growth through late (minor) mergers in ETGs is dominated by galaxies with low [Fe/H] and low [alpha/Fe]. The method of reconstructing the stellar enrichment histories of ETGs introduced in this paper promises to constrain the star formation and mass assembly histories of large samples of galaxies in a unique way.
A Differential SISPSL Branch-Line Coupler With Common-Mode Suppression Using Compensated Stub

In this brief, a novel differential branch-line coupler based on substrate integrated suspended parallel strip Line (SISPSL) is proposed. The differential branch-line coupler is based on the multilayer structure, and utilizes the inherent differential characteristics of parallel strip line to construct the feeding port. The common-mode suppression is enhanced by loading a quarter-wavelength stub on the main transmission line at each port. The proposed SISPSL coupler is designed and fabricated using the PCB process, and it has the advantages of self-packaging and high common-mode suppression.
Imprints of primordial non-Gaussianity on the number counts of cosmic shear peaks

We studied the effect of primordial non-Gaussianity with varied bispectrum shapes on the number counts of signal-to-noise ratio peaks in wide-field cosmic shear maps. The two cosmological contributions to this particular weak lensing statistic, namely the chance projection of Large Scale Structure (LSS) and the occurrence of real, cluster-sized dark matter haloes, have been modelled semianalytically, thus allowing to easily introduce the effect of nonGaussian initial conditions. We performed a Fisher matrix analysis by taking into account the full covariance of the peak counts in order to forecast the joint constraints on the level of primordial non-Gaussianity and the amplitude of the matter power spectrum that are expected from future wide-field imaging surveys. We find that positive-skewed non-Gaussianity increases the number counts of cosmic shear peaks, more so at high signal-to-noise ratio values, where the signal is mostly dominated by massive clusters as expected. The increment is at the level of ∼1 per cent for f NL = 10 and ∼10 per cent for f NL = 100 for a local shape of the primordial bispectrum, while different bispectrum shapes give generically a smaller effect. For a future survey on the model of the proposed ESA space mission Euclid and by avoiding the strong assumption of being capable of distinguishing the weak-lensing signal of galaxy clusters from the chance projection of LSSs, we forecast a 1σ error on the level of non-Gaussianity of ∼30–40 for the local and equilateral models, and of ∼100–200 for the less explored enfolded and orthogonal bispectrum shapes.
Gamma-ray flare and absorption in the Crab nebula: lovely TeV–PeV astrophysics

We spectrally fit the GeV gamma-ray flares that have recently been observed in the Crab nebula by considering a small blob Lorentz-boosted towards us. We point out that the corresponding inverse Compton flare at the TeV–PeV region is more enhanced than synchrotron emission by a Lorentz factor squared (∼Γ2). This already excludes and it will be detected by future TeV–PeV observatories, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the Tibet Air Shower plus Muon Detector (Tibet AS+MD) array and the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), for . We also show that PeV photons emitted from the Crab nebula are absorbed by cosmic microwave background radiation through electron–positron pair creation.
Lower Dimensional Quantum Black Holes

There are theoretical reasons to think that space-time is lower dimensional at very short distances. If this is the case, quantum black holes produced at the LHC or in cosmic rays scattering live in lower dimensions. We discuss production cross section and signatures for the corresponding quantum black holes at the LHC within several different models of low-dimensional space-time.
Noise modeling and analysis of an IMU-based attitude sensor: improvement of performance by filtering and sensor fusion

We describe the characterization and removal of noises present in the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) MPU- 6050, which was initially used in an attitude sensor, and later used in the development of a pointing system for small balloon-borne astronomical payloads. We found that the performance of the IMU degraded with time because of the accumulation of different errors. Using Allan variance analysis method, we identified the different components of noise present in the IMU, and verified the results by the power spectral density analysis (PSD). We tried to remove the high-frequency noise using smooth filters such as moving average filter and then Savitzky Golay (SG) filter. Even though we managed to filter some high-frequency noise, these filters performance wasn't satisfactory for our application. We found the distribution of the random noise present in IMU using probability density analysis and identified that the noise in our IMU was white Gaussian in nature. Hence, we used a Kalman filter to remove the noise and which gave us good performance real time.
Classical spin models with broken symmetry: Random-field-induced order and persistence of spontaneous magnetization in the presence of a random field

We consider classical spin models of two- and three-dimensional spins with continuous symmetry and investigate the effect of a symmetry-breaking unidirectional quenched disorder on the magnetization of the system. We work in the mean-field regime. We show, by perturbative calculations and numerical simulations, that although the continuous symmetry of the magnetization is lost due to disorder, the system still magnetizes in specific directions, albeit with a lower value as compared to the case without disorder. The critical temperature, at which the system starts magnetizing, as well as the magnetization at low and high temperature limits, in presence of disorder, are estimated. Moreover, we treat the SO(n) n-component spin model to obtain the generalized expressions for the near-critical scalings, which suggest that the effect of disorder in magnetization increases with increasing dimension. We also study the behavior of magnetization of the classical XY spin model in the presence of a constant magnetic field, in addition to the quenched disorder. We find that in presence of the uniform magnetic field, disorder may enhance the component of magnetization in the direction that is transverse to the disorder field.
Probing the path information hidden in the quantum fluctuations of interference patterns

It is commonly assumed that interference patterns contain no information about the path taken by the individual photons. Surprisingly, recent results based on the analysis of weak interactions with probe qubits suggest that this may be a misconception. Here we show that the fluctuations of detection events in quantum interference patterns are correlated with the fluctuations of particle presence in the paths. It is pointed out that this correlation is a general feature of quantum fluctuations that distinguishes them from classical noise.