Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Sulfate in Cation Exchange Reactions: Applications to Clay–Brine Interactions on Mars

Phyllosilicates on Mars record a complex history of aqueous activity, including at Gale crater and Meridiani Planum, where stratigraphic differences in clay mineralogy have been recorded in outcrops that also contain calcium sulfate minerals. Thus, characterizing associations between phyllosilicates and calcium sulfates may provide constraints that are useful for constraining the geochemical environments that formed these outcrops. Previous studies have documented calcium sulfate precipitation as a result of clay–salt–atmospheric H2O interactions, but the compositions of brines throughout Mars’ history would have depended on the volume of water available on the Martian surface. Variations in brine composition influence the type and extent of reactions between the brines and the minerals that they come in contact with. To better understand how clay–brine interactions affected near-surface mineral assemblages on Mars, we performed two sets of experiments. The first set of experiments examined the effect of differing total brine concentrations and the second set explored variations in Na+ and SO4 2− concentrations independently. The results of this study show that gypsum readily forms due to cation exchange between montmorillonite and Na2SO4 brines of any concentration, but only near-saturated MgSO4 brines produced gypsum, and these also produced higher quantities of epsomite. Additionally, we found that the amount of gypsum produced from clay–Na2SO4 brine reactions is more strongly influenced by SO4 2− than Na+ or Cl− concentrations. Understanding how rapidly gypsum forms as a product of clay–brine interactions, as well as the influence of SO4 2− on cation exchange, will aid interpretations of sediments and environments that are observed on Mars.
Review and evaluation of metal-hydride-based hydrogen sensors as safety devices for future sustainable aviation

This paper presents an overview of metal-hydride-based hydrogen sensors and evaluates their potential for utilization in aerospace safety applications in future hydrogen-powered aviation. The ‘electrical resistance’, ‘cantilever expansion’, ‘nanogap expansion’, ‘fiber optical’, ‘chemochromic optical’ and ‘acoustic’ sensing principles are being described. Requirements including specific performance parameters for hydrogen sensors in aerospace safety applications are identified. Evaluation criteria are derived from these requirements and finally the sensing mechanisms are evaluated by means of a weighted point rating. The results of this evaluation reveal the high potential of ‘electrical resistance’, ‘cantilever expansion’, ‘nanogap expansion’ and ‘fiber optical’ sensors, although none of these principles meets all the requirements yet. With the transition to hydrogen-based aviation, metal hydrides and its various applications will become more attractive. Synergies between these technologies may further drive the research and development progress, so that metal-hydride-based hydrogen sensors can overcome their current drawbacks and contribute to the transition to future hydrogen-powered sustainable aviation.
Testing of the HCC and AMAC functionality and radiation tolerance for the HL-LHC ATLAS ITk strip detector

For the high-luminosity phase of the LHC, which begins operation in 2029, the current ATLAS inner detector will be replaced by a new tracker, the ITk. The ITk consists of two subdetectors, one using pixels and the second using silicon-strips, the ITk Strip detector. The HCC and AMAC chip are radiation-tolerant ASICs that contribute to the front-end readout, monitoring and control of the ITk Strip subsystem. Low temperature startups and low internal regulated voltage tests have been performed on HCC and AMAC to guarantee their reliability at edge operation conditions. In addition, to ensure the operation of the HCC and AMAC under a radiation heavy environment, gamma and x-ray irradiation campaigns were conducted. HCC and AMAC successfully operated at harsher conditions than the ones expected during the HL-LHC.
Treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) with isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) in an inner-city population with psychosocial barriers to treatment adherence: A qualitative descriptive study

In Canada, preventive therapy for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has required multiple doses of medication over an extended period of time. Such regimens are associated with poor adherence and completion rates. A shortened treatment regimen of once weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine for 3 months (3HP), is now available, and holds promise in populations facing challenges to treatment adherence. Although many factors impact treatment adherence, a knowledge gap exists in describing these factors in the context of this regimen. We present findings from a qualitative descriptive study, involving semi-structured interviews with unstably housed or homeless individuals in Edmonton and Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada who were offered directly-observed preventive therapy (DOPT) with 3HP, and their health care providers. Latent content analysis revealed incomplete understandings of LTBI and about the need for preventive therapy. Clients’ motivation to be healthy, alongside education, health care outreach, relationships developed in the context of DOPT, ease of treatment regimen, incentives, and collaboration were all described as supporting treatment completion. Competing priorities, difficulty in reaching clients, undesirable aspects of the regimen and difficulties obtaining and initiating 3HP were identified as barriers. Perceptions of stigma related to LTBI and TB were described by clients in addition to feelings of shame related to their diagnosis. Our study provides insight into LTBI and indicates that multiple interacting psychosocial factors influence preventive therapy access, uptake, and adherence. Findings from this study of both client and provider perspectives can be used to inform and address inequities among individuals experiencing homelessness, and ultimately contribute to a diminished reservoir of LTBI.
Effects of Using Ribs on Flow Pattern and Performance of Cyclone Separators

Abstract: In this paper, the effects of using ribs on the flow pattern and performance of cyclone separators are investigated using CFD techniques. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations with Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model (RSTM) are solved by use of the finite volume method based on the SIMPLE pressure correction algorithm in the computational domain. The Eulerian-Lagrangian computational procedure is used to predict particles tracks in cyclones with different rib pitch to cyclone diameter (P/D) ratios. The velocity fluctuations are simulated using Discrete Random Walk (DRW). The results show that using ribs in cyclones leads to higher collection efficiency but higher pressure drop and the cyclone with P/D equal to 1 has the maximum collection efficiency among the ribbed cyclones and the cyclone without ribs has the least pressure drop.
Competitive hybridization in quantum dot-based nanodevices

By means of nonequilibrium Green's functions using the Born approximation to treat the light-matter coupling, we numerically investigate impacts of competitive hybridization on the photocurrent of a quantum dot based optoelectronic device. The model of device is an absorbing quantum dot connected to two semiconducting electrodes through energy filtering quantum dots. Hybridization occurs between the absorber and the filter, via the inter-dot coupling β, and between the filter and the electrode, via the dot-lead coupling Γ. At the tunnel resonance between the absorber and the filter, the investigation reveals the existence of two operating regimes in the nanodevice characterized by opposite variations of the photocurrent depending on ratio β/ Γ.
Plasmacytoid Variant Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: A Case of a Histological Variant of Urinary Bladder Cancer With Aggressive Behavior

This paper presents a case report of plasmacytoid variant urothelial carcinoma (PVUC), a rare form of transitional cell carcinoma. PVUC is known for its unique clinical features, aggressive behavior, and poor survival rates. PVUC comprises less than 3% of all bladder tumors, and its diagnosis is often difficult due to its resemblance to other forms of bladder cancer. It requires a staging workup to rule out metastasis, relies heavily on immunostaining and histopathological analysis for diagnosis, and requires a multidisciplinary approach with early aggressive treatment, including cisplatin-based chemotherapy following surgery. This report highlights the importance of understanding rare variants of bladder cancer to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. We report here a case of a 75-year-old male with multiple comorbidities who presented with hematuria and was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma plasmacytoid type, which was initially treated with transurethral resection but later found to be unresectable and treated with palliative chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Eventually, the patient passed away three years after the diagnosis.
ROLE OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR-TARGETED AGENTS IN LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER

Anti-androgen therapy continues to be a basic pilar of treatment for both localized and metastatic prostate cancer. The advent of new generation of androgen receptor targeted agents (ARTA) transformed the care of patients with advanced disease. After such a success, the steps were taken to incorporate a new generation of ARTAs into the treatment landscape of localized prostate cancer. High-risk prostate cancer represents the most aggressive form of localized disease with significant metastatic potential and poor outcome. Here, the impact of novel therapies will likely be profound and transforming. This clinical space has already been a showcase for multidisciplinary treatment where the combination of local therapies with systemic treatment gradually improved patient outcomes and the chances of cure. The most recent step in redefining the treatment of localized disease is the adoption of novel ARTAs moving forward the multidisciplinary platform. In this narrative review, we discuss current clinical evidence supporting the use of novel ARTAs in patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer and cover recent developments in biomarker-driven strategies for treatment individualization in this clinical context.
CFD ANALYSIS OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL NON-NEWTONIAN POWER-LAW FLOW ACROSS A CIRCULAR CYLINDER CONFINED IN A CHANNEL

Flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluids across a long circular bluff body confined symmetrically between infinitely long two parallel plane walls is investigated numerically by solving the continuity and momentum equations using the finite volume method–based solver Fluent. The numerical calculations are performed in the full computational domain for the following ranges: Reynolds number = 50–150 and power-law index = 0.4–1.8 (covering shear-thinning, Newtonian, and shear-thickening behaviors) for the blockage ratio of 0.25. Global characteristics such as drag and lift coefficients, and Strouhal number and derived variables such as stream function are calculated for the above range of conditions. It is observed that the shear-thinning behavior yields a lower value of the time-averaged drag coefficient than the corresponding Newtonian value; however, an opposite trend is observed in the shear-thickening behavior. The Strouhal number increases with increasing Reynolds number for the fixed value of the power-law index.
Development of Automated Crack Propagation Analysis System

In this paper, the authors’ recent developments on the crack propagation analysis software system are presented. The system has been developed based on three main parts i) finite element model generation, ii) finite element analysis and iii) stress intensity factor computations. We adopt the quadratic tetrahedral finite element and the processes in the finite element model generation are fully automated by using the Delaunay tessellation technique. The stress intensity factors are evaluated by using the virtual crack closure-integral method (VCCM) for the tetrahedral finite element. In previous papers, the authors have presented the crack analysis software system for single crack cases. It is extended to deal with the propagations of multiple cracks and their coalescences. The net-section yield criterion is adopted to judge the coalescence of adjacent cracks. In this paper, a brief review on the exiting crack propagation analysis system is presented first and present developments for the multiple cracks with their coalescence are discussed in detail. Finally, some numerical examples are presented.
Model‐based reconstructions for intravoxel incoherent motion and diffusion tensor imaging parameter map estimations

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) facilitate noninvasive quantification of tissue perfusion and diffusion. Both are promising biomarkers in various diseases and a combined acquisition is therefore desirable. This comes with challenges, including noisy parameter maps and long scan times, especially for the perfusion fraction f and pseudo‐diffusion coefficient D*. A model‐based reconstruction has the potential to overcome these challenges. As a first step, our goal was to develop a model‐based reconstruction framework for IVIM and combined IVIM‐DTI parameter estimation. The IVIM and IVIM‐DTI models were implemented in the PyQMRI model‐based reconstruction framework and validated with simulations and in vivo data. Commonly used voxel‐wise nonlinear least‐squares fitting was used as the reference. Simulations with the IVIM and IVIM‐DTI models were performed with 100 noise realizations to assess accuracy and precision. Diffusion‐weighted data were acquired for IVIM reconstruction in the liver (n = 5), as well as for IVIM‐DTI in the kidneys (n = 5) and lower‐leg muscles (n = 6) of healthy volunteers. The median and interquartile range (IQR) values of the IVIM and IVIM‐DTI parameters were compared to assess bias and precision. With model‐based reconstruction, the parameter maps exhibited less noise, which was most pronounced in the f and D* maps, both in the simulations and in vivo. The bias values in the simulations were comparable between model‐based reconstruction and the reference method. The IQR was lower with model‐based reconstruction compared with the reference for all parameters. In conclusion, model‐based reconstruction is feasible for IVIM and IVIM‐DTI and improves the precision of the parameter estimates, particularly for f and D* maps.
Demystifying treatment disposition patterns for psychiatrically high-risk youth referred for intensive outpatient psychiatric services: The role of demographics and telehealth

Intensive outpatient (IOP) psychiatric treatment is increasingly deployed to meet the needs of psychiatrically high-risk youth; however, documentation of treatment disposition for in-person and/or telehealth modalities following treatment referral is largely unknown. The current study examined psychiatrically high-risk youth baseline treatment disposition patterns and explored variations according to treatment modality (telehealth vs. in-person). Using archival records of 744 adolescents (M age = 14.91, SD = 1.60) admitted to a psychiatric IOP, multinomial logistic regressions revealed that commercially insured youth fared better than non-commercially insured youth with respect to treatment completion. When treatment modality was accounted for, youth treated on telehealth were no more likely to be psychiatrically hospitalized compared to youth treated with in-person services. However, youth treated on telehealth dropped out due to excessive absences or withdrawal/refusal to a greater extent than those treated in person. Future studies should examine clinical outcomes in addition to treatment disposition patterns to further understand youth’s course of treatment at intermediate level of care settings (e.g., IOP).
Some Electrical Properties of Ceresin Wax

A lower limit for the resistivity of commercial ceresin is set at 1.76×1019 ohm‐cm if the voltage gradient is 2000 volts per cm the thickness of the sample is 0.214 cm and the temperature is 23°C. There is a comparatively large scattering of time functions used in the equation for the discharge current if expressed in accordance with Wagner's theory. The charge Q ``stored'' in ceresin is a function of time. At any time after the application of the voltage, this charge is proportional to the voltage. P/E was measured as a function of t. The increase is found to be more rapid than is claimed by other investigators. No variation of P/E with E was found. The results, however, are not quite conclusive, because of the inherent weakness of the method used in determining the polarization. The resistance R as defined by Richardson is calculated and found not to be constant for ceresin but to vary both with time and voltage.
Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

Introduction: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults living with HIV. Current and accurate information about the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults is critical for developing more effective treatments and interventions. However, few studies have been conducted in Ethiopia on the prevalence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the comprehensive specialized hospital affiliated with the University of Gondar. Methods: Between January 11, 2015, and January 10, 2021, a retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. A total of 715 HIV-infected adults on ART were included in the study. Data were extracted from the charts of HIV-infected adults using a data extraction form adapted from the ART entry and follow-up forms. Epi-dataTM Version 4.5 was used to enter data, and StataTM Version 16 was used to analyze the data. The time interval between opportunistic infections was estimated using the Kaplan Meier survival curve. To identify risk predictors of opportunistic infections, bivariate and multivariate semi-parametric and parametric regression models were fitted. Result: This study included the records of 715 HIV-infected adults-initiated ART between January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021. During the follow-up period, the overall incidence of opportunistic infections was 4.1 (95 percent CI 3.74 to 4.44) per 10,000 person-year observation, with a median of 57 months (IQR = 40–69 months). Pneumocystis’ pneumonia at 90(16.51%) was the most encountered OI at follow-up. Adults are presenting with baseline CD4 < 200 cells/µl counts (AHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69), bedridden baseline functional status (AHR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82), WHO clinical stage II (AHR = 5.87, 95% CI 3.97 to 8.69) and WHO clinical stage III (AHR = 5.85, 95% CI 3.55 to 9.65) were notably associated with the incidence of opportunistic infections development. Conclusions: Opportunistic infections are uncommon among HIV-infected adults in this study. In terms of predictors, such as a low CD4 count and an advanced WHO stage (II or III), bedridden functional status was found to be significantly associated with OIs.
OPtimal TIming of antenatal COrticosteroid administration in pregnancies complicated by early-onset fetal growth REstriction (OPTICORE): study protocol of a multicentre, retrospective cohort study

Introduction Early-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) requires timely, often preterm, delivery to prevent fetal hypoxia causing stillbirth or neurologic impairment. Antenatal corticosteroids (CCS) administration reduces neonatal morbidity and mortality following preterm birth, most effectively when administered within 1 week preceding delivery. Optimal timing of CCS administration is challenging in early-onset FGR, as the exact onset and course of fetal hypoxia are unpredictable. International guidelines do not provide a directive on this topic. In the Netherlands, two timing strategies are commonly practiced: administration of CCS when the umbilical artery shows (A) a pulsatility index above the 95thh centile and (B) absent or reversed end-diastolic velocity (a more progressed disease state). This study aims to (1) use practice variation to compare CCS timing strategies in early-onset FGR on fetal and neonatal outcomes and (2) develop a dynamic tool to predict the time interval in days until delivery, as a novel timing strategy for antenatal CCS in early-onset FGR. Methods and analysis A multicentre, retrospective cohort study will be performed including pregnancies complicated by early-onset FGR in six tertiary hospitals in the Netherlands in the period between 2012 and 2021 (estimated sample size n=1800). Main exclusion criteria are multiple pregnancies and fetal congenital or genetic abnormalities. Routinely collected data will be extracted from medical charts. Primary outcome for the comparison of the two CCS timing strategies is a composite of perinatal, neonatal and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes include the COSGROVE core outcome set for FGR. A multivariable, mixed-effects model will be used to compare timing strategies on study outcomes. Primary outcome for the dynamic prediction tool is ‘days until birth’. Ethics and dissemination The need for ethical approval was waived by the Ethics Committee (University Medical Center Utrecht). Results will be published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals and disseminated by presentations at scientific conferences. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05606497
Research on social attention in autism and the challenges of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework

The fuzzy nature of categories of psychopathology, such as autism, leads to significant research challenges. Alternatively, focusing research on the study of a common set of important and well‐defined psychological constructs across psychiatric conditions may make the fundamental etiological processes of psychopathology easier to discern and treat (Cuthbert, 2022). The development of the research domain criteria (RDoC) framework is designed to guide this new research approach (Insel et al., 2010). However, progress in research may be expected to continually refine and reorganize the understanding of the specifics of these mental processes (Cuthbert & Insel, 2013). Moreover, knowledge gleaned from the study of both normative and atypical development can be mutually informative in the evolution of our understanding of these fundamental processes. A case in point is the study of social attention. This Autism 101 commentary provides an educational summary of research over the last few decades indicates that social attention is major construct in the study of human social‐cognitive development, autism and other forms of psychopathology. The commentary also describes how this research can inform the Social Process dimension of the RDoC framework.
Relationship between Missing Data Likelihoods and Complete Data Restricted Likelihoods for Regression Time Series Models: An Application to Total Ozone Data

SUMMARY The relationship is shown between the likelihood of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, or the restricted likelihood of a regression model with ARMA errors with possibly non-consecutive data, and the restricted likelihood when the missing values are filled in with Os and regression terms are added to account for the missing values. The latter method is also useful to model additive outliers in a time series setting. This relationship is then used to fit the models with standard computer packages and the results are applied to the analysis of total ozone time series data that involve missing values.