Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The controversy concerning stratigraphic architecture of channelized reservoirs and recovery by waterflooding

There is a subtle controversy in the petroleum industry regarding the relationship between reservoir architecture and recovery efficiency from petroleum reservoirs. Stratigraphers tend to believe that facies architecture and geometric shapes strongly govern recovery, whereas engineers stress factors such as permeability heterogeneity and anisotropy. To understand the relationship between architecture and recovery better, a suite of conceptual models of different channelized clastic reservoir architectures was constructed and pore-volume replacement waterflood simulations were performed on each. Three 11-member suites of models were constructed at net: gross values of 35%, 60% and 85%. The reservoir architecture features that were varied were channel width to thickness, thickness, sinuosity, stacking patterns, orientation and reservoir element type (point bar vs. channel). The three sets of models appear visually very different from a reservoir architecture standpoint. Permeability and porosity were simulated using geostatistical techniques but share the same conditioning population. The same water saturation, well count (110 acre spacing), fluid properties and relative permeability were used in each waterflood simulation. In this situation, in which the only significant variable was reservoir architecture, only a few percent spread in recovery was noted for each net: gross suite. Variation in recovery efficiency can be shown to be associated with reservoir connectivity, which is generally high for all models but shows some variation. Additional studies were made to address the influence of well count, mobility ratio, permeability heterogeneity and geostatistical seed number on recovery efficiency. Two stratigraphic factors are shown to influence recovery efficiency: reservoir connectivity and permeability heterogeneity. Both factors influence the volumetric sweep efficiency of reservoirs. Models that appear to be visually different, but have similar connectivity, well count and permeability heterogeneity, have similar sweep efficiencies and, therefore, recovery efficiencies. The practical importance of this observation for development studies is that building and flow-simulating suites of models with different reservoir architectures may not help to characterize recovery uncertainty unless the models are constructed to emphasize differences in sweep efficiency.
MIKADO: a decision support tool for pollution reduction in aluminium pressure die casting

An overview of selected environmental systems analysis (ESA) tools currently used by industry is given, including tools to assess the environmental performance of a company. These tools may be useful for a decision support tool (DST) that takes a company perspective, while considering environmental and economic aspects on the decision-making process. We define criteria for a first selection of ESA tools. The criteria are related to the usefulness of a tool in an analysis that: 1) takes a company perspective; 2) includes environmental and economic aspects of decision making; 3) includes a complete coverage of the potential environmental impacts and 4) allows for an assessment of the consequences of pollution reduction strategies. Based on the purpose of our DST together with the criteria we identified twelve tools. These twelve tools are reviewed with respect to their purpose, methodology, final product, strengths, weaknesses and relevance for an environmental analysis taking a company perspective. Next, we present the characteristics of the DST to be developed. These characteristics allow for identifying the ESA tools that are a promising basis for the DST to be developed. These seven characteristics are: (i) the tool considers a gate-to-gate approach; (ii) the tool considers the processes within the company that are relevant for the assessment of the environmental impact; (iii) the tool uses company specific data easily available from the process owner; (iv) the tool considers up-to-date and company specific pollution reduction options; (v) the tool provides information on the costeffectiveness of the reduction options; (vi) the tool can be used to express the company’s environmental performance in one overall environmental indicator; and lastly (vii) the tool can be used to explore possible user-defined pollution reduction strategies. Finally, a selection of the tools that are useful for our particular DST is made. We conclude that a combination of the following seven tools is most promising: Life Cycle Analysis, Substance Flow Analysis, Multi-Criteria Analysis, Technology Assessment, Sensitivity Analysis, Scenario Analysis and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Chapter 2: Selecting environmental systems analysis tools 14 2.
PROJECT ( A 21 st Century Center of Excellence Project ) KUMQRP DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES DP 2003-13 Illiquid Securities and Time-Inconsistent Preferences

This paper characterizes the effectiveness of illiquid securities as a commitment device. That is, it derives a condition under which illiquid securities enable a consumer who has time-inconsistent preferences to commit himself to his future consumption choices. By this analysis, it is shown that the value of his initial endowment is important for illiquid securities to work as a commitment device. * Graduate School of Economics, Keio University Faculty of Economics and Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan Illiquid Securities and Time-Inconsistent Preferences Takasi Komatubara∗† Graduate School of Economics Keio University
Public Transit in America: Results from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey

Understanding transit ridership has become a critical research interest and policy goal. This document updates the popular report titled: “Public Transit in America - Evidence from the 1995 National Personal Transportation Survey” with data from the 2001 National Household Travel Survey. This new data provides a unique opportunity to develop a richer understanding of travel behavior and provide a resource to the industry in terms of specific analyses relevant to public transit. It characterizes public transit as it is today from a number of perspectives that are believed to be useful to planners and policy makers and it provides trend data for several critical variables that are important to public transportation. This analysis describes transit travel, users, and markets. Topics analyzed include: trends in demographics, vehicle ownership, and personal travel between 1969 and 2001, transit mode share trends, extent of transferring, trip characteristics, and market penetration. Results are presented in descriptive terms with the authors providing observations and interpretation relevant for a better understanding of transit market shares and transit sub-markets. The report concludes by outlining the challenges and opportunities for transit in light of revealed information about by whom and how transit is being used.
Dynamic Compression of Minerals in the MgO-FeO-SiO2 System

The first shock wave experiments performed on silicate materials were reported for quartz in 1962. The intervening forty years have allowed for extensive investigation of SiO2 by dynamic, static and theoretical means. Previous studies have concluded that quartz transforms completely to stishovite at ~40 GPa and melts at ~115 GPa along its Hugoniot. Recent discoveries that SiO2 transforms to phases slightly more dense than stishovite have led to a reexamination of the dynamic compression of SiO2 in this thesis. Based on comparing calculated Hugoniots to data for multiple initial SiO2 phases, it is proposed that, in addition to the stishovite and melt transitions, quartz is completely transformed to the CaCl2 structure at ~70 GPa. Coesite shows evidence of complete transformation to stishovite at ~ 50 GPa, and to the CaCl2 structure at ~65 GPa. Due to the higher temperature achieved in the quartz samples the slope of the stishovite-CaCl2 phase boundary is constrained to be ~180 K/GPa. From a similar analysis of Hugoniot data collected for high quality MgSiO3 natural crystal and synthetic glass in this study, and existing data, it is concluded that along the crystal Hugoniot akimotoite is attained at ~70 GPa, perovskite structure at ~110 GPa and melt at ~ 170 GPa. It is found that the melt is 2-3 % denser than the solid at pressures greater than 100 GPa, after correcting for thermal differences in the two regimes. An important implication is a negative Clapeyron slope, leading to a decreasing melting temperature with increasing pressure, above ~ 100 GPa. These observations increase the possibility of the existence of a significant amount of partial melt in the lowermost mantle, e.g., the ultra low velocity zone.
Follow Your Heart or Your Head? a Longitudinal Study of the Facilitating Role of Calling and Ability in the Pursuit of a Challenging Career Article (accepted Version) (refereed)

(2014) Follow your heart or your head? A longitudinal study of the facilitating role of calling and ability in the pursuit of a challenging career. LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL
All Sprawled Out: How the Federal Regulatory System has Driven Unsustainable Growth

The United States faces a serious threat that grows more troublesome every year; one whose negative effects run the gamut from environmental concerns to social and fiscal harms. The threat - often called sprawl - is evidenced by the proliferation of unsustainable land development patterns throughout this country. Significantly though, sprawl is not simply a problem of bad design or planning. These are, in fact, merely symptoms of a much more prolific cause. Indeed, the true driving force behind sprawl has been a series of federal laws and regulations that, over the last century, have facilitated development patterns in the United States that are neither fiscally sound nor physically sustainable. This article examines three specific areas of federal regulation that have exacerbated sprawl: federal tax policy, federal transportation policy, and federal housing policy. It analyzes these laws and regulations within a historical context to determine why and how they came to be. To accomplish this, the article surveys specific examples of federal laws within each of these categories that have served to promote the near unfettered growth of American sprawl. By doing so, the article identifies those areas of federal regulation that, if modified or repealed, can facilitate a move away from sprawl growth and toward a more sustainable land development strategy. Ultimately, this article exposes the federal laws that have driven sprawl in this country - and, by doing so, have exacerbated the numerous negative impacts of sprawl on our society.
Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill adult patients.

BACKGROUND Delirium is a syndrome characterised by a disturbance of consciousness (often fluctuating), cognition and perception. In terminally ill patients it is one of the most common causes of admission to clinical care. Delirium may arise from any number of causes and treatment should be directed at addressing these causes rather than the symptom cluster. In cases where this is not possible, or treatment does not prove successful, the use of drug therapy to manage the symptoms may become necessary. This is an update of the review published on 'Drug therapy for delirium in terminally ill adult patients' in The Cochrane Library 2004, Issue 2 ( Jackson 2004). OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapies to treat delirium in adult patients in the terminal phase of a disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following sources: CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2012, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1966 to 2012), EMBASE (1980 to 2012), CINAHL (1982 to 2012) and PSYCINFO (1990 to 2012). SELECTION CRITERIA Prospective trials with or without randomisation or blinding involving the use of drug therapies for the treatment of delirium in adult patients in the terminal phase of a disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality using standardised methods and extracted trial data. We collected outcomes related to efficacy and adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS One trial met the criteria for inclusion. In the 2012 update search we retrieved 3066 citations but identified no new trials. The included trial evaluated 30 hospitalised AIDS patients receiving one of three agents: chlorpromazine, haloperidol and lorazepam. The trial under-reported key methodological features. It found overall that patients in the chlorpromazine group and those in the haloperidol group had fewer symptoms of delirium at follow-up (to below the diagnostic threshold using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) and that both were equally effective (at two days mean difference (MD) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) -4.58 to 5.32; between two and six days MD -0.21; 95% CI -5.35 to 4.93). Chlorpromazine and haloperidol were found to be no different in improving cognitive status in the short term (at 48 hours) but at subsequent follow-up cognitive status was reduced in those taking chlorpromazine. Improvements from baseline to day two for patients randomised to lorazepam were not apparent. All patients on lorazepam (n = 6) developed adverse effects, including oversedation and increased confusion, leading to trial drug discontinuation. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There remains insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about the role of drug therapy in the treatment of delirium in terminally ill patients. Thus, practitioners should continue to follow current clinical guidelines. Further research is essential.
Hdl Subfraction Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 and Its Relevance to Enzyme Activity and Resistance to Oxidative Stress

The subfraction distribution of HDL-associated peptides has implications for their functions and the impact of pathological modifications to lipoprotein metabolism on these functions. We have analyzed the subfraction distribution of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and the consequences for enzyme activity and stability. HDL subfractions were defined by the presence (LpA-I,A-II) or absence (LpA-I) of apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II). PON1 was present in both subfractions, although increased concentrations of HDL were associated with significantly increased PON1 in LpA-I. ApoA-II did not modify the capacity of native human HDL or reconstituted HDL to promote PON1 secretion from cells or to stabilize enzyme activity, nor did apoA-II decrease PON1 activity when added to rabbit serum normally devoid of the apolipoprotein. LpA-I,A-II particles isolated from human serum or reconstituted HDL (LpA-I,A-II) showed a significantly greater capacity than HDL(LpA-I) to stabilize secreted PON1 and purified recombinant PON1 added to such particles. PON1 associated with apoA-II-containing particles showed greater resistance to inactivation arising from oxidation. ApoA-I, apoA-II, and LpA-I,A-II, but not LpA-I, were independent determinants of serum PON1 concentration and activity in multivariate analyses. PON1 is at least equally distributed between LpA-I and LpA-II,A-II HDL particles. This dichotomous distribution has implications for PON1 activity and stability that may impact on the physiological role of the enzyme. —Moren, distribution of paraoxonase-1 and its relevance to enzyme activity and resistance to oxidative stress. HDLs show considerable compositional heterogeneity with respect to both lipid and apolipoprotein components (1). This reflects, in part, functional heterogeneity, with apolipoproteins and other HDL-associated peptides conferring specific functions on discrete lipoprotein particles. A major subclassification is defined by the presence or absence of apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) (2). All HDL particles contain apoA-I (LpA-I), whereas a variable fraction [40–70%, (2, 3)] contain, in addition, apoA-II (LpA-I,A-II). The overall impact of apoA-II on HDL metabolism and function is unclear. It has been variously reported to have beneficial and detrimental influences on these parameters (as reviewed in Refs. 4, 5). Likewise, there is no consensus on the relative clinical impacts of LpA-I and LpA-I,A-II, with suggestions that both particles, or predominantly the LpA-I particles, are protective against vascular disease (4, 5). Animal models have indicated that overexpression of apoA-II is detrimental for atherosclerosis (6, 7), although the interpretation of such models is open to question. ApoA-II exhibits greater hydrophobicity than apoA-I, binds more tightly to lipids, and appears to stabilize the HDL complex (8). Its hydrophobic nature may be a factor …
Is stem cell therapy ready for patients? Stem Cell Therapy for Cardiac Repair. Ready for the Next Step .

Coronary heart disease and heart failure continue to be significant burdens to healthcare systems in the Western world. In the United States alone, there are 7.1 million survivors of myocardial infarction (MI) and 4.9 million people living with congestive heart failure (CHF). 1 Despite recent advances in medical and device therapy for heart failure, the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality rates continue to rise. After receiving a diagnosis of CHF, 1 in 5 patients will be dead within 12 months.1 Therefore, any new treatment modality that benefits heart failure patients has the potential to result in a dramatic improvement in health outcomes and substantial cost savings for the community.
An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing the Level of Vitality and Popularity of Open Source Projects

In this research, we ask the question: What differentiates successful from unsuccessful open source software projects? Using a sample of 240 open source projects, we examine how organizational sponsorship, target audience (developer versus end user), license choice, and development status interact over time to influence the extent to which open source software projects attract user attention and developer activity.
Research Facilities

frozen in a Retrieval a low- temperature, robotic repository system. The system’s no freeze -thaw capability the compounds’ quality This unique and powerful repository us offer custom drug screening sets ‘on the fly,’ in order to build structure -activity relationship models far more rapidly and cost-effectively than any other approach.
Myocardial O2 supply and O2 utilization of the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension

(MBF), perfusable tissue fraction, and blood and lung spillover factors derived from separate [ 15 O]H 2 O and [ 15 O]CO scans. We showed that the measurement of OEF in both left and right ventricles in PH patients is feasible using bolus inhalation of 15 O 2 and a dynamic scan protocol, with optimal accuracy and precision when other relevant parameters, such as MBF, are derived from an additional 15 O-water scan. To calculate the myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 , in mL/ min/g) a combination of the three PET scans is necessary. However, as of yet these tracers are only available in centers that have an on-site cyclotron, like the VU Medical Center. Also, the protocol demands an invasive, often painful, placement of a canule in the brachial artery to sample O 2 metabolites and arterial O 2 content. To avoid these drawbacks in the future, we subsequently compared the hypertrophied RV MVO 2 derived from Chapter 2 with the more stable radiotracer [ 11 C]acetate in Chapter 4 . The myocardial clearance rate of [ 11 C]acetate, K mono , is known to give an estimate of MVO 2 and has been shown to correlate with left ventricular MVO 2 . We found a significant correlation between the K mono and the quantitative MVO 2 for the hypertrophied right ventricle in IPAH patients. Similar correlations were found for the [ 11 C] acetate clearance rate based on the efflux rate constant, K 2 . These findings indicate that [ 11 C] acetate clearance rate can be used as an index for RV oxidative metabolism in PH patients in future studies.
ECDC and WHO/Europe joint report on tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe.

The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe launched jointly the fifth report on surveillance and monitoring of tuberculosis (TB) in Europe [1]. Since 2008, ECDC and WHO/ Europe have coordinated the collection and analysis of TB surveillance data across the countries of the WHO European Region (except Liechtenstein, Monaco and San Marino).
Cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle independent 11- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 amplifies infarct expansion, hypertrophy and the development of heart failure following myocardial infarction in male mice

Citation for published version: White, CI, Jansen, MA, McGregor, K, Mylonas, KJ, Richardson, RV, Thomson, A, Moran, CM, Seckl, JR, Walker, BR, Chapman, KE & Gray, GA 2015, 'Cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle independent 11hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 amplifies infarct expansion, hypertrophy and the development of heart failure following myocardial infarction in male mice', Endocrinology , vol. 157, no. 1, 346–357. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1630
Carbon dioxide and methane dynamics in a sub-Arctic peatland in northern Finland

We studied carbon dynamics on various surface parts of a highly patterned fen, typical in northern Finland, to examine the importance of different microsites to the areal carbon fluxes. The studies were carried out in June-September 1995 on a mesotrophic flark fen (an aapa mire) in Kaamanen (69°08’N, 27° 17’E). Wet flarks, moist lawns and dry strings accounted for 60%, 10% and 30% of the surface area, respectively. A static chamber technique was applied to measure the CH4 exchange, the instantaneous net ecosystem exchange (NEE, transparent chamber) and the ecosystem respiration (Rtot, opaque chamber) in several microsites. The static chamber results were compared with those obtained by the eddy covariance technique. The mean daytime areal net ecosystem CO2 exchange rate measurement in conditions where photosynthesis was light saturated (PAR>400 ? mol m-2 s-1) varied during the measurement period from -59 mg CO2-C m-2h-1 (release) to 250 (uptake). The mean CH4 emission during the measuring period was 78 mg CH4-C m-2 d-1 on the flarks, 68 mg on the lawn and 6.0 mg on the strings. The strings without shrubs (mainly Betula nana) were in general net sources of CO2, even during the middle of the growing season, whereas the lawns, flarks and also strings growing B. nana showed a daytime net uptake of CO2. Areally integrated chamber results showed lower CO2 and higher CH4 fluxes than predicted from the eddy covariance measurements.