Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalized Chaplygin Gas, Accelerated Expansion and Dark Energy-Matter Unification

We consider the scenario emerging from the dynamics of a generalized $d$-brane in a $(d+1, 1)$ spacetime. The equation of state describing this system is given in terms of the energy density, $\rho$, and pressure, $p$, by the relationship $p = - A/\rho^{\alpha}$, where $A$ is a positive constant and $0 < \alpha \le 1$. We discuss the conditions under which homogeneity arises and show that this equation of state describes the evolution of a universe evolving from a phase dominated by non-relativistic matter to a phase dominated by a cosmological constant via an intermediate period where the effective equation of state is given by $p = \alpha \rho$.
Transforming Metastable Memories: The Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Computation

Framing computation as the transformation of metastable memories, we explore its fundamental thermodynamic limits. The true power of information follows from a novel decomposition of nonequilibrium free energy derived here, which provides a rigorous thermodynamic description of coarse-grained memory systems. In the nearly-quasistatic limit, logically irreversible operations can be performed with thermodynamic reversibility. Yet, here we show that beyond the reversible work Landauer's bound requires of computation, dissipation must be incurred both for modular computation and for neglected statistical structure among memory elements used in a computation. The general results are then applied to evaluate the thermodynamic costs of all two-input--one-output logic gates, including the universal NAND gate. Interwoven discussion clarifies the prospects for Maxwellian demons and information engines as well as opportunities for hyper-efficient computers of the future.
A Finite Strain Constitutive Model Considering Transformation Induced Plasticity for Shape Memory Alloys under Cyclic Loading

Many engineering applications of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) involve passing back and forth through phase transformation many times. Repeated phase transformation develops permanent deformations originating from the significant distortion that phase transformation induces at the austenite-martensite interfaces and grain boundaries. This distortion drives dislocation activity resulting in an observable macroscopic Transformation-Induced Plastic (TRIP) deformation, which occurs at effective stress levels much lower than the plastic yield limit of the material. TRIP strains may accumulate up to 20% during the lifetime of an SMA component and thus a finite strain constitutive model is required for simulating their response. In this work, a 3-D finite strain model is developed based on logarithmic strain which is the only strain measure whose rate is equal to the stretching, that describes phase transformation and TRIP deformation in a thermodynamically consistent setting. The model is implemented in Abaqus finite element software through a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). Boundary value problems such as strip and a torque tube under both pseudoelastic and actuation cyclic loadings are performed to test the capabilities of the newly proposed model.
Oral health-related quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a systemic disease with a major burden on several life aspects, including oral health. As life expectancy has improved in CKD patients, oral health status has become important regarding their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate oral health and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in CKD patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients‘ age, gender, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) stage were recorded. Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate OHRQoL. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index was utilized to record oral health status. SPSS software was used to analyze data. One-way ANOVA, t-test and Pearson/Spearman correlations were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and four patients participated; 60.6% male versus 39.4% female. Mean age was 52.1 ± 18.1 years. The most frequent eGFR stage was 5 (41.2%). Mean DMFT score was 18.7 ± 8.5. Mean OHIP-14 score was 14.82 ± 5.86. DMFT score was significantly correlated with OHIP-14 total score as well as its physical domains (P < 0.05). The correlation between eGFR stage and OHIP-14/DMFT score was both statistically significant (P = 0.03/P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: DMFT score was significantly correlated with OHRQoL in CKD patients, especially regarding its physical domains. Paying attention to fulfill dental treatment needs seems mandatory to improve OHRQoL and overall quality of life in these patients.
Classification of hyperspectral data using extended attribute profiles based on supervised and unsupervised feature extraction techniques

The classification of remote sensing data based on the exploitation of spatial features extracted with morphological and attribute profiles has been recently gaining importance. With the development of efficient algorithms to construct the profiles for large datasets, such methods are becoming even more relevant. When dealing with hyperspectral imagery, the profiles are traditionally built on the first few principal components computed from the data. However, it needs to be determined if other feature reduction approaches are better suited to create base images for the profiles. In this article, we explore the use of profiles based on features derived from three supervised feature extraction techniques (i.e. Discriminant Analysis Feature Extraction, Decision Boundary Feature Extraction and Non-parametric Weighted Feature Extraction) and two unsupervised feature-extraction techniques (i.e. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Kernel PCA) in classification and compare the classification accuracies obtained by using different techniques for two different classification methods. The obtained results indicate significant improvements in the accuracies using the supervised feature extraction methods. However, the choice of the method affects the quality of the results for different datasets depending on the availability of the training samples.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and correlated scanning electron microscopy of individual carbon nanotubes

Raman spectra of individual carbon nanotubes are measured by scanning a focused laser spot (0.5μm diameter) over a large area (100μm2) before and after depositing silver nanoparticles. Local regions exhibiting surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) were located with respect to a lithographically patterned grid, allowing subsequent scanning electron microscopy to be performed. The uniquely large aspect ratio of carbon nanotubes enables imaging of the nanoparticle geometry together with the SERS active molecule. By measuring the same individual carbon nanotube before and after metal nanoparticle deposition, the SERS enhancement factor is determined unambiguously. The data reveals SERS enhancement factors up to 134 000, a consistent upshift in the G band Raman frequency and nanoparticle heating in excess of 600°C.
The ARAUCARIA Project: VLT-FORS Spectroscopy of Blue Supergiants in NGC 3109—Classifications, First Abundances, and Kinematics

We have obtained multiobject spectroscopy of luminous blue supergiants in NGC 3109, a galaxy at the periphery of the Local Group at ~1.3 Mpc. We present a detailed catalog including finding charts, V and I magnitudes, spectral classifications, and stellar radial velocities. The radial velocities are seen to trace the rotation curves obtained from studies of the H I gas. From quantitative analysis of eight B-type supergiants we find a mean oxygen abundance of 12 + log(O/H) = 7.76 ± 0.07 (1 σ systematic uncertainty), with a median result of 7.8. Given its distance, we highlight NGC 3109 as the ideal example of a low-metallicity, dark-matter-dominated dwarf galaxy for observations with the next generation of ground-based extremely large telescopes.
阿扎胞苷联合HA方案在急性髓系白血病诱导及挽救治疗中的疗效分析

Analysis of the efficacy of azacitidine combined with homoharringtonine and cytarabine in induction and salvage therapy of acute myeloid leukemia Hou Jiangxue, Liu Kaiqi, Hu Yimin, Wei Shuning, Zhang Guangji, Zhou Chunlin, Lin Dong, Wang Ying, Wei Hui, Li Shangzhu, Wang Jianxiang, Mi Yingchang State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China Corresponding author: Mi Yingchang, Email: ychmi@ihcams.ac. cn
Global and local gauge symmetries beyond Lagrangian formulations

What is the structure of general quantum processes on composite systems that respect a global or local symmetry principle? How does the irreversible use of quantum resources behave under such symmetry principles? Here we employ an information-theoretic framework to address these questions and show that every symmetric quantum process on a system has a highly rigid decomposition in terms of the flow of symmetry-breaking degrees of freedom between each subsystem and its environment. The decomposition has a natural causal structure that can be represented diagrammatically and makes explicit gauge degrees of freedom between subsystems. The framework also provides a novel quantum information perspective on lattice gauge theories and a method to gauge general quantum processes beyond Lagrangian formulations. This procedure admits a simple resource-theoretic interpretation, and thus offers a natural context in which features such as information flow and entanglement in gauge theories and quantum thermodynamics could be studied. The framework also provides a flexible toolkit with which to analyse the structure of general quantum processes. As an application, we make use of a `polar decomposition' for quantum processes to discuss the repeatable use of quantum resources and to provide a novel perspective in terms of the coordinates induced on the orbit of a local process under a symmetry action.
Secondary neutrino and gamma-ray fluxes from SimProp and CRPropa

The interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with background photons in extragalactic space generate high-energy neutrinos and photons. Simulating UHECR propagation requires assumptions about physical quantities such as the spectrum of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and photodisintegration cross sections. These assumptions, as well as the approximations used in the codes, may influence the computed predictions both of cosmic-ray spectra and composition, and of cosmogenic neutrino and photon fluxes. Following up on our previous work where we studied the resulting uncertainties on cosmic-ray simulations, here we quantify those on neutrinos and photons, using the Monte Carlo codes CRPropa and SimProp in various source scenarios. We discuss the results in the light of the constraining power of the neutrino and photon spectra on the origin of the UHECRs. We show that cosmogenic neutrino fluxes are more sensitive to the parametrization of the EBL than UHECR spectra, whereas the overall cosmogenic gamma-ray production rates are relatively independent on details of the propagation. We also find large differences between neutrino fluxes predicted by the latest released versions of CRPropa and SimProp, and discuss their causes and possible improvements in future versions of the codes.
Self-consistent nonstationary two-dimensional model of multipactor in dielectric-loaded accelerator structures

In this paper, a self-consistent nonstationary two-dimensional model of multipactor in dielectric-loaded accelerating structures is proposed. In comparison with existing models, this model calculates dc electric field produced by secondary electrons self-consistently and it also includes effects of cylindricity. Results of our calculations are compared with the ones obtained for the 11.424 GHz alumina-based dielectric-loaded accelerating structure designed and experimentally tested by Argonne National and Naval Research Laboratories.
High-energy Astrophysics and the Virtual Observatory

The Virtual Observatory (VO) will revolutionise the way we do Astronomy by allowing easy access to all astronomical data and by making the handling and analysis of datasets at various locations across the globe much simpler and faster. I report here on the need for the VO and its status in Europe, concentrating on the recently started EURO-VO project, and then give two specific applications of VO tools to high-energy astrophysics.
A ternary lattice Boltzmann model for amphiphilic fluids

A lattice Boltzmann model for amphiphilic fluid dynamics is presented. It is a ternary model that is distinguished from prior models in three respects: first, it employs three order parameters, in that it conserves mass separately for each chemical species present (water, oil, amphiphile). Second, it maintains a vector–valued orientational degree of freedom for the amphiphilic species. Third, it models fluid interactions at the microscopic level by introducing self–consistent forces between the particles, rather than by positing a Landau free energy functional. This combination of characteristics fills an important need in the hierarchy of models currently available for amphiphilic fluid dynamics, enabling efficient computer simulation and furnishing new theoretical insight. Several computational results obtained from this model are presented and compared with existing lattice–gas model results. In particular, it is noted that lamellar structures, which are precluded by the Peierls instability in two–dimensional systems with kinetic fluctuations, are not observed in lattice–gas models, but are easily found in the corresponding lattice Boltzmann models. This points out a striking difference in the phenomenology accessible to each type of model.
Model of vector leptoquarks in view of the 
B
-physics anomalies

Lepton number as a fourth color is an intriguing theoretical idea which is combined with a possible left-right symmetry within the famous Pati-Salam (PS) model. In the conventional PS model, a spontaneous breaking of the PS gauge group down to the SM one can only take place at very high scales (above the PeV scale) due to the stringent bounds from $K_L\to\mu e$ and $K\to\pi\mu e$ induced by the resulting vector leptoquarks. In this paper, we show that these constraints can be avoided once additional vector-like fermions are introduced and thus a breaking at the TeV scale is possible. We consider the flavor phenomenology of this model in the context of the intriguing hints for new physics in semileptonic $B$ decays. The necessary violation of lepton flavor universality is induced by mixing SM and vector-like fermions. Concerning $R(D)$ and $R(D^*)$ we find that sizable effects are possible while respecting the bounds from other flavor observables but predicting a large enhancement of $B_s\to\tau^+\tau^-$. Furthermore, also in $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ transitions the observed deviations from the SM predictions (including $R(K)$ and $R(K^*)$) can be explained with natural values for the free parameters of the model without any fine-tuning, predicting sizable decay rates for $b\to s\tau\mu$. Finally, the anomaly in anomalous magnetic moment of the muon can be accounted for by a loop-contribution involving the vector leptoquark and vector-like leptons.
Japanese pediatric patient with refractory steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis successfully treated with Tofacitinib: A case report

Rationale: Tofacitinib is an orally administered selective Janus kinase inhibitor. Its efficacy and safety in adults with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) have been evaluated in clinical trials; however, its efficacy in pediatric patients with UC is limited. Patient concerns: A 9-years-old boy was referred to our hospital with chief complaints of diarrhea and bloody stool for 2 months. Colonoscopy revealed total colitis-type UC. His pediatric UC activity index score was 40, indicating moderately active UC. Diagnosis: UC. Interventions: Vedolizumab, golimumab, and ustekinumab were introduced because of steroid-resistant refractory UC; however, none of these biologics were effective or the effect was short-lived. Therefore, tofacitinib was administered 5 mg twice a day. Outcomes: The patient achieved UC remission after tofacitinib treatment, leading to maintained remission without adverse events. Lessons: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pediatric case of moderately active UC that was successfully treated with tofacitinib in Japan. Tofacitinib is a safe drug for pediatric patients with moderately active UC. Even in steroid-dependent cases refractory to other biologics, tofacitinib can result in remission induction and maintenance effects. In children and adults, high-dose tofacitinib during induction therapy may be unnecessary to reduce adverse events.
Autofocus for sparse array imaging

If sparse arrays are attached to structures for the purposes of structural health monitoring it is likely that there will be variation in the placement of the sensors, resulting in deviation from the assumed locations. In addition, poor knowledge of the material through which the signals are propagating can result in the use of incorrect velocities, or failing to take account of delays inherent in the equipment. These deviations will result in reduced performance in terms of defect detectability and characterisation. This paper outlines an autofocus approach whereby the transducer locations and material properties can be estimated from the experimental data to ensure the highest levels of defect detectability. The approach is validated using both models and a more complex real world structure. The performance of the approach is considered across a range of potential operating conditions to demonstrate its robustness. Finally limitations and potential solutions to these are addressed.
Generalisierte erythematöse Plaques mit Mazeration und Krusten

Ein 45-jähriger Mann stellte sich in unserer dermatologischen Klinik mit seit zwei Jahren rezidivierenden juckenden und leicht schmerzhaften Hautläsionen am ganzen Körper vor. Die Läsionen begannen als Erytheme und schlaffe Blasen, die sich langsam zu gut abgegrenzten, zerklüfteten erythematösen Plaques mit Mazeration und Krusten entwickelten. Der Patient wurde intermittierend mit topischen Kortikosteroiden und Antimykotika behandelt, die jedoch nur teilweise wirkten. Im Verlauf seiner Erkrankung breiteten sich die Läsionen allmählich von den Achselhöhlen, der Leiste und der perianalen Region auf Rumpf, Arme und Oberschenkel aus (Abbildung 1). Der Patient arbeitete im Freien und berichtete über leichte Schmerzen bei der Generalisierte erythematöse Plaques mit Mazeration und Krusten Generalized erythematous plaques with maceration and crusting English online version on Wiley Online Library Diagnosequiz
Transport Properties in (Na,Ca)Co_2O_4 Ceramics

The resistivity and thermopower of polycrystalline (Na,Ca)Co_2O_4 were measured and analyzed. Both the quantities increase with x, suggesting that the carrier density is decreased by the substitutions of Ca^{2+} for Na^{+}. Considering that the temperature dependence of the resistivity show a characteristic change with x, the conduction mechanism is unlikely to come from a simple electron-phonon scattering. As a reference for NaCo_2O_4, single crystals of a two-dimensional Co oxide (Bi,Pb)_2M_3Co_2O_9 (M=Sr and Ba) were studied. The Pb substitution decreases the resistivity, leaving the thermopower nearly intact.
Deciphering the role of gut metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract Perturbations in microbial abundance or diversity in the intestinal lumen leads to intestinal inflammation and disruption of intestinal membrane which eventually facilitates the translocation of microbial metabolites or whole microbes to the liver and other organs through portal vein. This process of translocation finally leads to multitude of health disorders. In this review, we are going to focus on the mechanisms by which gut metabolites like SCFAs, tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, bile acids (BAs), ethanol, and choline can either cause the development/progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or serves as a therapeutic treatment for the disease. Alterations in some metabolites like SCFAs, Trp metabolites, etc., can serve as biomarker molecules whereas presence of specific metabolites like ethanol definitely leads to disease progression. Thus, proper understanding of these mechanisms will subsequently help in designing of microbiome-based therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we have also focussed on the role of dysbiosis on the mucosal immune system. In addition, we would also compile up the microbiome-based clinical trials which are currently undergoing for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It has been observed that the use of microbiome-based approaches like prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, etc., can act as a beneficial treatment option but more research needs to be done to know how to manipulate the composition of gut microbes.
Quantum Theory of Neutrino Spin-Light in Matter

The quantum theory of the spin light of neutrino ( SLν ) exactly accounting for the eﬀect of the background matter is developed. The SLν rate and power, and also the emitted photon’s energy are obtained for the diﬀerent values of the neutrino momentum and density of matter. The spatial distribution of the radiation power and the dependence of the emitted photon’s energy on the direction of radiation are studied. It is also shown that, in a wide range of the neutrino momentum and densities of matter, the SLν radiation is characterized by nearly total circular polarization. Conditions for the eﬀective neutrino spin-light radiation in the electron plasma are discussed.
Development and validation of a mathematical model to simulate human cardiovascular and respiratory responses to battlefield trauma

Mathematical models of human cardiovascular and respiratory systems provide a viable alternative to generate synthetic data to train artificial intelligence (AI) clinical decision‐support systems and assess closed‐loop control technologies, for military medical applications. However, existing models are either complex, standalone systems that lack the interface to other applications or fail to capture the essential features of the physiological responses to the major causes of battlefield trauma (i.e., hemorrhage and airway compromise). To address these limitations, we developed the cardio‐respiratory (CR) model by expanding and integrating two previously published models of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. We compared the vital signs predicted by the CR model with those from three models, using experimental data from 27 subjects in five studies, involving hemorrhage, fluid resuscitation, and respiratory perturbations. Overall, the CR model yielded relatively small root mean square errors (RMSEs) for mean arterial pressure (MAP; 20.88 mm Hg), end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2; 3.50 mm Hg), O2 saturation (SpO2; 3.40%), and arterial O2 pressure (PaO2; 10.06 mm Hg), but a relatively large RMSE for heart rate (HR; 70.23 beats/min). In addition, the RMSEs for the CR model were 3% to 10% smaller than the three other models for HR, 11% to 15% for ETCO2, 0% to 33% for SpO2, and 10% to 64% for PaO2, while they were similar for MAP. In conclusion, the CR model balances simplicity and accuracy, while qualitatively and quantitatively capturing human physiological responses to battlefield trauma, supporting its use to train and assess emerging AI and control systems.