Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elliptic Curves: Number Theory and Cryptography

INTRODUCTION THE BASIC THEORY Weierstrass Equations The Group Law Projective Space and the Point at Infinity Proof of Associativity Other Equations for Elliptic Curves Other Coordinate Systems The j-Invariant Elliptic Curves in Characteristic 2 Endomorphisms Singular Curves Elliptic Curves mod n TORSION POINTS Torsion Points Division Polynomials The Weil Pairing The Tate-Lichtenbaum Pairing Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields Examples The Frobenius Endomorphism Determining the Group Order A Family of Curves Schoof's Algorithm Supersingular Curves The Discrete Logarithm Problem The Index Calculus General Attacks on Discrete Logs Attacks with Pairings Anomalous Curves Other Attacks Elliptic Curve Cryptography The Basic Setup Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Massey-Omura Encryption ElGamal Public Key Encryption ElGamal Digital Signatures The Digital Signature Algorithm ECIES A Public Key Scheme Based on Factoring A Cryptosystem Based on the Weil Pairing Other Applications Factoring Using Elliptic Curves Primality Testing Elliptic Curves over Q The Torsion Subgroup: The Lutz-Nagell Theorem Descent and the Weak Mordell-Weil Theorem Heights and the Mordell-Weil Theorem Examples The Height Pairing Fermat's Infinite Descent 2-Selmer Groups Shafarevich-Tate Groups A Nontrivial Shafarevich-Tate Group Galois Cohomology Elliptic Curves over C Doubly Periodic Functions Tori Are Elliptic Curves Elliptic Curves over C Computing Periods Division Polynomials The Torsion Subgroup: Doud's Method Complex Multiplication Elliptic Curves over C Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields Integrality of j-Invariants Numerical Examples Kronecker's Jugendtraum DIVISORS Definitions and Examples The Weil Pairing The Tate-Lichtenbaum Pairing Computation of the Pairings Genus One Curves and Elliptic Curves Equivalence of the Definitions of the Pairings Nondegeneracy of the Tate-Lichtenbaum Pairing ISOGENIES The Complex Theory The Algebraic Theory Velu's Formulas Point Counting Complements Hyperelliptic Curves Basic Definitions Divisors Cantor's Algorithm The Discrete Logarithm Problem Zeta Functions Elliptic Curves over Finite Fields Elliptic Curves over Q Fermat's Last Theorem Overview Galois Representations Sketch of Ribet's Proof Sketch of Wiles's Proof APPENDIX A: NUMBER THEORY APPENDIX B: GROUPS APPENDIX C: FIELDS APPENDIX D: COMPUTER packages REFERENCES INDEX Exercises appear at the end of each chapter.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN PADA MEDIA SOSIAL TWITTER TERHADAP PELAYANAN DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA NAÏVE BAYES

Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil (Disdukcapil) memiliki tugas utama dalam memberikan layanan kependudukan dan pencatatan sipil bagi masyarakat. Saat ini, di kalangan masyarakat masih sering memiliki stigma kurang baik terhadap proses pengurusan dokumen kependudukan yang terkesan lama, rumit dan sering terjadi pungutan liar oleh pihak-pihak tertentu. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis sentimen masyarakat terhadap layanan Disdukcapil pada media sosial Twitter. Analisis sentimen diperoleh menggunakan pendekatan machine learning disertai dengan ekstraksi fitur menggunakan TF-IDF dan algoritma Naïve Bayes. Dataset yang digunakan pada penelitian ini diperoleh dari media sosial Twitter berupa kicauan (tweet) berbahasa Indonesia. Dataset diperoleh menggunakan kata kunci ‘dukcapil’, ‘kependudukan’, ‘disdukcapil’, ‘ngurus ktp’, ‘pembuatan ktp’, ‘pengalaman ktp’, ‘pelayanan disdukcapil’, ‘ngurus kk’, ‘pelayanan ktp’, ‘ktp rusak’, ‘dokumen kependudukan’, ‘ngurus disdukcapil’, ‘bikin kartu keluarga’, ‘pelayanan dukcapil’, ‘bikin akta lahir’, ‘buat akta lahir’, dan ‘disdukcapil ramah’. Hasil analisis berdasarkan 647 tweet menunjukan bahwa sentimen positif sebesar 70,20% dan sentimen negatif sebanyak 29,80%, dengan nilai akurasi 65,39% presisi 97,65%, recall 66,87%, dan f1-score sebesar 39,69%. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi Disdukcapil untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanannya sehingga sentimen masyarakat semakin baik. ----------------------------------------- The Department of Population and Civil Registration (Disdukcapil) has the main task of providing population and civil registration services for the community. Currently, the community still often has a bad stigma about the process of managing population documents which seems long, complicated and often illegal levies occur by certain parties. In this study, an analysis of public sentiment towards the Disdukcapil service was carried out on Twitter social media. Sentiment analysis was obtained using a machine learning approach accompanied by feature extraction using TF-IDF and the Naïve Bayes algorithm. The dataset used in this study was obtained from Twitter social media in the form of Indonesian-language tweets. The dataset was obtained using the keywords 'dukcapil', 'population', 'disdukcapil', 'ngurus ktp', 'ktp making', 'ktp experience', 'disdukcapil service', 'take care of family card', 'ktp service', 'broken ID card', 'residency document', 'manage disdukcapil', 'make a family card', 'dukcapil service', 'make a birth certificate', 'make a certificate born', and 'friendly disdukcapil'. The results of the analysis based on 647 Tweets show that positive sentiment is 70.20% and negative sentiment is 29.80%, with an accuracy value of 65.39%, precision of 97.65%, recall of 66.87, and f1-score of 39.69%. The results of this study are useful for Disdukcapil to improve the quality of its services so that public sentiment is getting better.
Determination of total Chloride/Bromide Ions and total Hardness of Drinking Water of Uthal and LUAWMS, Lasbela, Baluchistan, Pakistan.

Water is essential for life. Its quality directly effects plants, animals and humans. Contaminated water can not only be a cause of several diseases in humans but also can affect the growth and quality of plants. Drinking water of Lasbela university of Agriculture, water and marine sciences (LUAWMS) and Uthal city was tested for its total hardness and total chloride/bromide concentration. Mohr’s method was used to determine the concentration of chloride and total hardness was measured in terms of Mg/Ca concentration using volumetric analysis. A total of five samples were collected. Three samples were taken from LUAWMS and two samples were taken from Uthal city. Samples taken from LUAWMS had higher amounts of chloride and Mg than the ones taken from Uthal city. The concentrations of total chloride/bromide in samples were 0.71, 0.3, 2.13, 1.77 and 2.13 g/L respectively and total hardness in samples were 4.86, 4.86, 9.72,11.42 g/L.
Temperature Dependence of Structural Relaxation in Glass-Forming Liquids and Polymers

Understanding the microscopic mechanism of the transition of glass remains one of the most challenging topics in Condensed Matter Physics. What controls the sharp slowing down of molecular motion upon approaching the glass transition temperature Tg, whether there is an underlying thermodynamic transition at some finite temperature below Tg, what the role of cooperativity and heterogeneity are, and many other questions continue to be topics of active discussions. This review focuses on the mechanisms that control the steepness of the temperature dependence of structural relaxation (fragility) in glass-forming liquids. We present a brief overview of the basic theoretical models and their experimental tests, analyzing their predictions for fragility and emphasizing the successes and failures of the models. Special attention is focused on the connection of fast dynamics on picosecond time scales to the behavior of structural relaxation on much longer time scales. A separate section discusses the specific case of polymeric glass-forming liquids, which usually have extremely high fragility. We emphasize the apparent difference between the glass transitions in polymers and small molecules. We also discuss the possible role of quantum effects in the glass transition of light molecules and highlight the recent discovery of the unusually low fragility of water. At the end, we formulate the major challenges and questions remaining in this field.
Morphology and Particle Size of a Synthesized NMC 811 Cathode Precursor with Mixed Hydroxide Precipitate and Nickel Sulfate as Nickel Sources and Comparison of Their Electrochemical Performances in an NMC 811 Lithium-Ion Battery

Cathode precursors of lithium-NMC 811 were synthesized by the coprecipitation method using two different nickel sources, namely mixed nickel–cobalt hydroxide precipitate (MHP) and nickel sulfate. The characteristics of the synthesized precursors were compared with the characteristics of the commercial NMC 811 cathode precursor obtained from the international market. The XRD analyses identified that the diffraction peaks of the three precursor materials were in close agreement to that of Li0.05Ni0. 75Co0.1Mn0. 1O2, with the figure(s) of merit (FoM) of 0.81, 0.88, and 0.9, respectively, for the synthesized precursor that used MHP as the source of nickel (SM-LNMCO-811), nickel sulfate as the source of nickel (SX-LNMCO-811), and the commercial precursor (K-NMC-811). The elemental analysis of the synthesized precursors revealed the Ni:Mn:Co mol ratios of 0.8:0.08:0.12 and 0.76:0.11:0.13 for SM-LNMCO-811 and SX-LNMCO-811, respectively. The SEM analysis revealed that SX-LNMCO-811 and K-NMC-811 showed a similar particle morphology with a spherical shape; the SM-LNMCO-811 exhibited an irregular particle morphology. The particle size analysis showed that SM-LNMCO-811 had the largest average particle size (285.2 μm) while K-NMC-811 and SX-LNMCO-811 samples had almost the same average values (i.e., 18.28 and 17.16 µm, respectively). The results of the charge–discharge measurement of the fabricated battery cylindrical cells with SM-LNMCO-811, SX-LNMCO-811, and K-NMC-811 as cathode materials showed the best discharge value of the SX-LNMCO-811 sample at 178.93 mAh/g with an initial efficiency of 94.32%, which is in line with the electrochemical impedance measurement results that showed the largest ion conductivity and lithium ion diffusion coefficient value of the SX-LNMCO-811 sample that utilized the synthesized nickel sulfate as the source of the nickel.
Discrimination of High- and Low-Threat Vocalizations: An Examination of Referential Communication in Black-Capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) Mobbing Calls

Referential communication has been defined as the exchange of information regarding an object or event, but few studies have examined referential alarm calls in songbirds. In contrast, it has been well-supported that chickadees produce mobbing calls in response to predators that vary depending on the threat level posed, and the auditory brain areas of chickadees produce similar neural expression in response to predator calls and conspecific mobbing calls of the same threat level. This suggests that chickadees perceive these acoustically distinct vocalizations as similar, potentially as referent signals. In the current study, we trained 33 birds on an operant go/no-go discrimination task in which chickadees were presented with predator and mobbing calls of high- or low-threat. Following the first round of training, birds completed a second round with high- or low-threat calls and we predicted that birds would show transfer of training when contingencies (i.e., threat level regarding a species of predator) were the same between hetero- and conspecific vocalizations. However, high- and low-threat mobbing calls were not treated similarly to the corresponding predator’s calls. Our asymmetrical results may be due to the acoustic distinction between calls produced by two owl predator species, but we cannot make definitive conclusions about referential communication from this study. Nonetheless, we believe that this experiment was an important exploration of the perception of referential signal.
Modelo de orquestación dinámica para SaaS

Cloud Computing is an ubiquitous model that enables clients to access different services in a fast and easy manner. In this context, one of the most used models is Software as a Service (SaaS), which means that software is deployed and provisioned to the customer via internet through a web browser on a pay per use mode. However, given its complexity and characteristics, such as reusability, scalability, flexibility and customization, SaaS may be defined by workflows, which consist of atomic services, or micro-services hosted geographically in different places. SaaS execution under this type of composition may lead to abnormal behavior or failures in the end user applications at runtime. This paper presents a new model of dynamic orchestration for SaaS, which aims to reduce failures or abnormal behavior of the services involved in the execution process of business application.
Changes in structure and luminescence properties according to the Tb^3+ doping concentration of crystalline BaMoO_4 synthesized at room temperature and application in LED color filters

Crystalline BaMoO_4 and rare earth Tb^3+-doped BaMoO_4:Tb^3+ phosphor powder were synthesized at room temperature by a co-precipitation method. The synthesized sample had a tetragonal structure and showed a strong XRD signal on the main peak (112). The synthesized samples had an octahedron-shaped surface shape. The BaMoO_4:Tb^3+ phosphor showed light emission signals had the strongest light emission intensity at 544 nm. When the doping concentration was increased, the luminous intensity decreased. The synthesized BaMoO_4:Tb^3+ phosphor was manufactured as a flexible composite, and a color filter that can be applied to an LED is presented. Graphical abstract
K-Means Clustering for Shock Classification in Pediatric Intensive Care Units

Shock is described as an inadequate oxygen supply to the tissues and can be classified in multiple ways. In clinical practice still, old methods are used to discriminate these shock types. This article proposes the application of unsupervised classification methods for the stratification of these patients in order to treat them more appropriately. With a cohort of 90 patients admitted in pediatric intensive care units (PICU), the k-means algorithm was applied in the first 24 h data since admission (physiological and analytical variables and the need for devices), obtaining three main groups. Significant differences were found in variables used (e.g., mean diastolic arterial pressure p < 0.001, age p < 0.001) and not used for training (e.g., EtCO2 min p < 0.001, Troponin max p < 0.01), discharge diagnosis (p < 0.001) and outcomes (p < 0.05). Clustering classification equaled classical classification in its association with LOS (p = 0.01) and surpassed it in its association with mortality (p < 0.04 vs. p = 0.16). We have been able to classify shocked pediatric patients with higher outcome correlation than the clinical traditional method. These results support the utility of unsupervised learning algorithms for patient classification in PICU.
Genetic and Epigenetic Pathogenesis of Acromegaly

Simple Summary Various genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of somatotroph tumors. Although GNAS mutations are the most prevalent cause of somatotroph tumors, the cause of half of all pathogenesis occurrences remains unclarified. However, recent findings including the pangenomic analysis, such as genome, transcriptome, and methylome approaches, and histological characteristics of pituitary tumors, the involvement of AIP and GPR101, the mechanisms of genomic instability, and possible involvement of miRNAs have gradually unveiled the whole landscape of underlying mechanisms of somatotroph tumors. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances in the pathogenesis of somatotroph tumors. Abstract Acromegaly is caused by excessive secretion of GH and IGF-I mostly from somatotroph tumors. Various genetic and epigenetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of somatotroph tumors. While somatic mutations of GNAS are the most prevalent cause of somatotroph tumors, germline mutations in various genes (AIP, PRKAR1A, GPR101, GNAS, MEN1, CDKN1B, SDHx, MAX) are also known as the cause of somatotroph tumors. Moreover, recent findings based on multiple perspectives of the pangenomic approach including genome, transcriptome, and methylome analyses, histological characterization, genomic instability, and possible involvement of miRNAs have gradually unveiled the whole landscape of the underlying mechanisms of somatotroph tumors. In this review, we will focus on the recent advances in genetic and epigenetic pathogenesis of somatotroph tumors.
Evolving morphotropic phase boundary in lead-free (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 piezoceramics

The correlation between structure and electrical properties of lead-free (1−x)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3–xBaTiO3 (BNT-100xBT) polycrystalline piezoceramics was investigated systematically by in situ synchrotron diffraction technique, combined with electrical property characterization. It was found that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between a rhombohedral and a tetragonal phase evolved into a morphotropic phase region with electric field. In the unpoled material, the MPB was positioned at the transition from space group R3m to P4mm (BNT-11BT) with optimized permittivity throughout a broad single-phase R3m composition regime. Upon poling, a range of compositions from BNT-6BT to BNT-11BT became two-phase mixture, and maximum piezoelectric coefficient was observed in BNT-7BT. It was shown that optimized electrical properties are related primarily to the capacity for domain texturing and not to phase coexistence.
Expanded disability status scale in Multiple Sclerosis: Relationship to visual evoked potential

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence in Iraq is 11.73/100,000 it causes disability in younger adults. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) can monitor MS disability while Visually Evoked Potentials (VEP) serves as a marker of myelination. Objectives: To explore the relationship between EDSS and VEPs in multiple sclerosis patients. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghazi Al- Hariri Hospital from first of Nov 2021 till the end of Jan 2022. Fifty patients with multiple sclerosis were compared to 50 healthy individuals. EDSS Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, P100 latency were measured using VEP. The Correlation was used to investigate the relationship between P100- latencies and EDSS. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The average age of MS cases was 33.5±8.01 years, and the mean EDSS was 2.8±2.86. A significant difference in the latency period was reported. The study showed a significant positive correlation between EDSS and P100 latency period. Conclusions: Using non-invasive procedures like VEPs can help to monitor and detect deterioration and improvement in MS patients.
The gendered perspective of cyberbullying: The case of a rural University in Limpopo

The rapid advancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has heightened misuse of internet-based technologies by young people. Besides increased integration due to availability and access to mobile communication technologies, students today indulge in cyberbullying where they harass, insult and stalk each other. Scholars have researched extensively on cyberbullying in institutions of higher learning globally and how victims try to cope with the problem. However, there is a dearth of literature on the gendered perspective of cyberbullying in institutions of higher learning in Southern Africa. Using the Social Information Processing Theory, the study examined the phenomenon of cyberbullying at a rural university in South Africa. The key questions of the study were: How do male and female victims perceive cyberbullying? How do male and female victims react to cyberbullying? Does cyberbullying have the same effects on students of different gender? Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires targeted at male and female victims of cyberbullying at University of Venda. Findings revealed inconsistencies in how male and female victims perceived and reacted to cyberbullying.
Molecular Biomarkers in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis that needs better treatment modalities. Moreover, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers to predict the response and outcome of current or newly designed therapies. While several molecular markers have been proposed as potential biomarkers for GBM, their uptake into clinical settings is slow and impeded by marker heterogeneity. Detailed assessment of prognostic and predictive value for biomarkers in well-defined clinical trial settings, if available, is scattered throughout the literature. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of clinically relevant molecular biomarkers in GBM patients. Material and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to retrieve publications from 3 databases (Pubmed, Cochrane and Embase) from January 2010 to December 2021, using specific terms. The combined hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the association of biomarkers with overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Results: Twenty-six out of 1831 screened articles were included in this review. Nineteen articles were included in the meta-analyses, and 7 articles were quantitatively summarised. Fourteen studies with 1231 GBM patients showed a significant association of MGMT methylation with better OS with the pooled HR of 1.66 (95% CI 1.32–2.09, p < 0.0001, random effect). Five studies including 541 GBM patients analysed for the prognostic significance of IDH1 mutation showed significantly better OS in patients with IDH1 mutation with a pooled HR of 2.37 (95% CI 1.81–3.12; p < 0.00001]. Meta-analysis performed on 5 studies including 575 GBM patients presenting with either amplification or high expression of EGFR gene did not reveal any prognostic significance with a pooled HR of 1.31 (95% CI 0.96–1.79; p = 0.08). Conclusions: MGMT promoter methylation and IDH1 mutation are significantly associated with better OS in GBM patients. No significant associations were found between EGFR amplification or overexpression with OS.
Effect of periodontal treatment on glycated haemoglobin and metabolic syndrome parameters: A randomized clinical trial.

AIM To assess the effect of periodontal treatment on HbA1c and diagnostic parameters of patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-eight patients with MetS and moderate and severe periodontitis were included. They were randomized into a test group (n = 79), which received non-surgical periodontal treatment, and a control group (n = 79), which received no treatment. Medical treatment was delivered to both groups. Clinical periodontal, anthropometric and serological parameters were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. The main outcome was glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and the secondary outcomes were changes in the MetS parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and HOMA indexes. RESULTS Significant reductions in all periodontal parameters were observed in the test group, compared with the control group, at 3 and 6 months (p < .001). HbA1c levels, MetS parameters, CRP and HOMA indexes showed no significant differences between the test group and the control group at 3 and 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal treatment led to a substantial reduction in periodontal inflammation, although there was no significant effect on the parameters used for MetS diagnosis in patients with early diagnosed and well-controlled MetS.