Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Bystanders to Heroes: The Role of Social Media in Influencing the Bystander Effect

The Bystander Effect refers to the phenomenon where the presence of other bystanders dissuades an individual from intervening in an emergency situation. Extensive research has demonstrated that increasing numbers of bystanders during an emergency situation decreases the likelihood of someone providing assistance. This paper aims to thoroughly analyze and evaluate the effects of social media, specifically the motivation and opportunity for fame, on the Bystander Effect. Social media has become an ubiquitous part of teenager's life; it plays an influential role in shaping consciousness and spreading information that impacts cognition and behavior. The widespread use of social media creates the opportunity for attaining overnight fame and becoming an "internet hero. " This notion of fame and "heroism" propagated through social media may act as a temptation for teenagers and considerably impact their decision to intervene in emergencies. We closely examined this phenomenon utilizing two regression analyses on an anonymous survey questionnaire categorized by age, gender, social media usage duration, and content type, distributed to 82 randomized teenagers. This comprehensive approach enabled us to determine teenagers' motives and reasons for helping or not helping in various scenarios. Results suggest the presence of social media does not significantly affect the Bystander Effect, as concerns for self-protection play a more prominent role in the decision to intervene than the potential benefits of internet fame. Further research into psychological and emotional factors behind intervention decisions is warranted.
AGROECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND ITS GAPS IN ADAPTION IN TERAI FARMING SYSTEM, NEPAL

Abstract. The present paper examines agroecological principles identified by FAO and its gaps by local farmers in terai farming system of Nepal. Household questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and KII were major tools of required information collection with regard to gaps of agroecology principles in their farming system. Agro-ecological principles have been examined with current farming practices carried out by local farmers. The gap analysis has been done with respect to ten agroecological principles: Efficient use of resources, balance use of chemical and organic fertilizer, , crop diversity, co-creation of knowledge, recycling of farm waste, synergy of crop, livestock and forestry ,human and social value, circular economy, cultural and food tradition, land and natural resource governance. 87.8 percent of households were used flooding method of surface irrigation against to principle of efficiency and deficit of water leading to wastage of water and constraining self-generating nutrient capacity of nature. 91.60 % of total cropped area was dominated by paddy - wheat based cropping system against to the principle of crop diversity. 72.4 % farmers used farm yard manure in limited temporal and spatial coverage area ranging from 0.03 ha to 1.69 hectare with the average of 0.39 ha and three months of year against the principle of recycling farm wastage to farm. Almost 14 % of households were having agroforestry practices against to the synergies of crop, livestock and forestry. Participation of women and youth in farming practices was found decreased due to remittance-led family economy. Geospatial technology-RS, GIS and GPS were extensively applied in preparation of all these agroecological resource maps required for agroecological studies and creation of their geo-database for sustainable land use planning in Nepal. Finally, the study necessitated the government policy to be instutionalized towards agroecological concept and hoped the methodology developed for this study could guide for achieving this goal.
Effects of Cardiotonic Pills® on Cerebrovascular CO2 Reactivity and Erythrocyte Deformability in Normal Subjects: A Pilot Study

Backgrounds and objectives: Cardiotonic Pills® (CP) are used for vascular diseases such as coronary diseases, atherosclerosis, and cerebral infarction. This study aimed to determine the transient effects of CP on cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity (CVR) and erythrocyte deformability in normal subjects.Methods: This study had a crossover design and included 10 participants who were randomly allocated to 2 groups. The experimental group was given CP with water, while the control group was given only water. CVR was measured by hyperventilation-induced CVR of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using transcranial Doppler (TCD). Erythrocyte deformability was measured using a Rheoscan-D microfluidic ektacytometer. All measurements were performed prior to and 1, 2, and 3 hours after CP or water administration. Blood pressure and heart rate were also measured before and after administration.Results: CP significantly improved CVR 3 hours after administration in the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.042). The corrected blood flow velocity at partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) = 40mmHg (CV40) was also significantly improved 2 and 3 hours after administration in the CP group compared to the control group (p = 0.036 and p = 0.021, respectively). CP significantly improved erythrocyte deformability 3 hours after administration in the experimental group compared to the control group (p = 0.027). Mean heart rate and mean blood pressure showed no change.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that CP increases CVR and erythrocyte deformability. These results suggested that CP improves cerebral microcirculation which provide evidence for the future use of CP for prevention of ischemic stroke and neurodegenerative diseases.
Home Range Creation and Analysis using Geospatial Modeling Environment and ArcGIS Software

Description: Many analyses in natural resources or ecology-related fields, specifically wildlife-focused disciplines, investigate wildlife habitat use and movement patterns for population and habitat management. Kernel density estimates and home range analysis are commonly used by wildlife biologists for such investigations. Methods to conduct home range analyses are often complex and require use of multiple software programs. In the literature and on the web, it is difficult to find comprehensive instructions on how to create home ranges and proceed with analyses. The purpose of this manual is to describe the process of synthesizing raw location point location data, creating home ranges (kernel density estimates), and begin initial analyses involving habitat selection.
Death of a Suburban Dream: Race and Schools in Compton, California

Compton, California, is often associated in the public mind with urban America's toughest problems, including economic disinvestment, gang violence, and failing public schools. Before it became synonymous with inner-city decay, however, Compton's affordability, proximity to manufacturing jobs, and location ten miles outside downtown Los Angeles made it attractive to aspiring suburbanites seeking single-family homes and quality schools. As Compton faced challenges in the twentieth century, and as the majority population shifted from white to African American and then to Latino, the battle for control over the school district became symbolic of Compton's economic, social, and political crises. Death of a Suburban Dream explores the history of Compton from its founding in the late nineteenth century to the present, taking on three critical issues-the history of race and educational equity, the relationship between schools and place, and the complicated intersection of schooling and municipal economies-as they shaped a Los Angeles suburb experiencing economic and demographic transformation. Emily E. Straus carefully traces the roots of antagonism between two historically disenfranchised populations, blacks and Latinos, as these groups resisted municipal power sharing within a context of scarcity. Using archival research and oral histories, this complex narrative reveals how increasingly racialized poverty and violence made Compton, like other inner-ring suburbs, resemble a troubled urban center. Ultimately, the book argues that Compton's school crisis is not, at heart, a crisis of education; it is a long-term crisis of development. Avoiding simplistic dichotomies between urban and suburban, Death of a Suburban Dream broadens our understanding of the dynamics connecting residents and institutions of the suburbs, as well as the changing ethnic and political landscape in metropolitan America.
An improved energy-efficient data clustering in UAV-Aided Wireless Sensor Networks for uneven topology

It is not uncommon to see sensor nodes deployed in an uneven or hilly terrain. This can be found in many parts of Nigeria. In the same vain, sensor nodes may be deployed in very hostile areas such as in northern parts of Nigeria where insurgents are heavily present. In areas such as those stated above, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles can be used for energy-efficient data collection from the scattered sensor nodes. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles operating at low altitudes can be used to lower the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network by using an intelligent data collection methodology to distribute the UAVs for data collection from the nodes. This paper proposes an energy-efficient and optimized data aggregation (EEODA) scheme in UAV-assisted wireless sensor network for hilly and uneven terrain is designed, using UAVs as data collection points. This can be achieved through the following steps, firstly, a distributed clustering algorithm based on reinforcement learning was proposed to organize the wireless sensor nodes, secondly, a mono-objective simulated annealing search method will be used to efficiently distribute the UAVs for optimum collection of data from the various cluster heads in the network, thirdly the city section mobility model will be used to compute the optimum position for the UAVs to each of the cluster heads in the network. Simulation results show that EEODA scheme proposed in this paper outperforms the EFDC, the closest-performing algorithm to it with an average of 12%. It also outperforms the other two compared algorithms, LEACH with UAV and HEED with UAV with between 17% and 36%, respectively with performance metrics such as energy consumption of nodes, scalability, delay in data aggregation and collection, control overhead and number of dead nodes in each round of clustering.
Kayseri’de Tüketime Sunulan Kırmızı Biberlerde Aflatoksin B1’in Enzim İmmunoassay (EIA) İle Kantitatif Analizi

Aflatoksinler (AF) son derece toksik ve karsinojenik bilesikler olup, Aspergillus flavus ve Aspergillus parasiticusadli kuf mantarlarinin metabolitleridir. Gidalar ve yemler bu kuf mantarlariyla hasat, depolama, isleme ve pazarlamasirasinda kontamine olabilmektedir. Bu arastirmada Kayseri’de tuketime sunulan 50 adet kirmizi biber ornegindekiaflatoksin B1 (AFB1) EIA yontemi ile analiz edildi. Orneklerin tumunde AFB1 varligina rastlandi. AFB1 degerleri, 1,4870,05 ppb araliginda tesbit edildi. Kirmizi biber numunelerin uc adedinde (% 6.0) Turk Gida Kodeksi Yonetmeliginegore baharatlarda bulunmasina izin verilen duzeyden (5 ppb) yuksek AFB1 oldugu belirlendi
Edible insects exert a high potential renal acid load to the human kidneys

ABSTRACT The potential renal acid load (PRAL) describes the capacity of a food to produce acid or base in the human body. The long-term consumption of high-PRAL diets induces a chronic low-grade metabolic acidosis state that has been associated with inflammation and impaired kidney function. PRAL tables are available to help individuals in selecting low-PRAL foods. However, these tables do not cover novel or uncommon foods in Western societies. Entomophagy – the practice of eating insects is an emerging trend in the Western world with unclear health consequences from an acid-base perspective. Here, we hypothesized that the consumption of insects is associated with a high PRAL, and analyzed the PRAL values of n = 39 commonly consumed edible insects. Our results suggest that the majority of edible insects have very high PRAL values (of up to 43.62 mEq/100 g), indicating strong acidifying properties and likely resulting in acid retention. PRAL values of edible insects rank well above the PRAL values of other high-protein foods, including legumes, pork and beef. PRAL was moderately correlated with the protein content (r = 0.42) and phosphorus content (r = 0.50) of the examined edible insects. Our data point to a potential health concern when regularly consuming edible insects.
Assessing the Validity of Bulletproof Coffee’s Claims

‘Bulletproof Coffee’, a popular beverage composed of coffee, grass-fed butter, and medium-chain triglyceride oil, has gained significant attention for its purported benefits including cognitive enhancement, increased alertness and energy, appetite suppression, and improved metabolic outcomes. However, the scientific evidence supporting these claims remains limited. This review aims to evaluate the evidence and determine the validity of claims regarding Bulletproof Coffee. Studies published between 2010–2023 were retrieved and evidence pertaining to cognition, alertness and energy, hunger and satiety, serum cholesterol, and gastrointestinal tolerance and Bulletproof Coffee were evaluated. The findings suggest that the current evidence base is small, and overall, there is weak or insufficient evidence to support the claimed benefits of Bulletproof Coffee. In particular, there were no significant improvements in cognition, alertness, or energy levels from Bulletproof Coffee compared to regular coffee. The impact on hunger, satiety, resting energy expenditure, and fat oxidation appeared equivocal, with effects offset by the additional calorie intake of Bulletproof Coffee. Further research with more rigorous study designs, larger sample sizes, diverse populations, and standardized methodologies are required in addition to an examination of potential health risks associated with regular Bulletproof Coffee consumption.
Explainability as the key ingredient for AI adoption in Industry 5.0 settings

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has gained significant attention as a means to address the transparency and interpretability challenges posed by black box AI models. In the context of the manufacturing industry, where complex problems and decision-making processes are widespread, the XMANAI platform emerges as a solution to enable transparent and trustworthy collaboration between humans and machines. By leveraging advancements in XAI and catering the prompt collaboration between data scientists and domain experts, the platform enables the construction of interpretable AI models that offer high transparency without compromising performance. This paper introduces the approach to building the XMANAI platform and highlights its potential to resolve the “transparency paradox” of AI. The platform not only addresses technical challenges related to transparency but also caters to the specific needs of the manufacturing industry, including lifecycle management, security, and trusted sharing of AI assets. The paper provides an overview of the XMANAI platform main functionalities, addressing the challenges faced during the development and presenting the evaluation framework to measure the performance of the delivered XAI solutions. It also demonstrates the benefits of the XMANAI approach in achieving transparency in manufacturing decision-making, fostering trust and collaboration between humans and machines, improving operational efficiency, and optimizing business value.
La campagne pilote de lutte contre la trypanosomiase humaine dans le foyer de Vavoua (Côte d'Ivoire). II: La mobilisation des communautés rurales et l'application du piégeage

Les planteurs, s'ils se sentent concernes peuvent donc se mobiliser en masse et prendre a leur charge les travaux de lutte anti-vectorielle avec les moyens qui peuvent leur etre fournis par un service sanitaire regional. Le materiel est souvent place tres judicieusement et soigneusement surveille
Conventions in fresh water fishing in the prehistoric southern Levant: The evidence from the study of Neolithic Beisamoun notched pebbles

[Research Article] Fishing gear is not frequently found in archaeological sites in the southern Levant. Bone hooks were found as early as the later Epipalaeolithic period (mainly in Natufian culture sites) and continue to appear in small numbers until the Chalcolithic period, when the first copper hooks are found. But for most sites, we have scant information about fishing gear or techniques. The paucity of fishing gear in archaeological assemblages is notable and holds true for sites near the former Mediterranean Sea shore and for inland sites situated near fresh water sources. This may be attributed to preservation issues, in part, but also seems to reflect preferences in the selection of raw material for making various fishing implements. The present paper discusses a specific type of fishing gear, the notched pebbles. These implements are small pebbles with various degrees of modification - sometime including notable modification of the original pebble by flaking and sometimes only slightly modifying it by creating the two opposed notches. We will use the assemblage found at the Neolithic site of Beisamoun, in the Hula Valley, northern Israel as a test-case for discussing raw material and other preferences and long-term aspects of conventions in fresh water fishing gear.
L'influence de la structure des lisières forestières sur leur capacité d'accueil pour l'avifaune dans l'Ardenne Belge

In the Belgian Ardennes the habitat is dominated by coniferous plantations and intensive grass production. To study the local breeding bird community we surveyed 100 listening sample points distributed in four habitat types: open grasslands, woodland edges between grasslands and conifers (outside margins), woodland edge near felling areas (inside margins), and coniferous woodland. A high number of species are linked within inside margins, comparatively more than to outside margins and much more than in the two remaining habitats. Data analysis highlights the importance of the presence of bushes and grassy headlands in the margins for species diversity and the presence of certain species. Conservation work to restore the full gradual transition from forest to grassland would significantly increase the biodiversity value of the region.
Optimality Theory Paradigm in the Formation of Active Participles Arabic Quadrilateral Verbs

This article aims to investigate the implementation of the Optimality Theory (OT) paradigm in the formation of Active Participle (AP) in quadrilateral verbs in the Arabic language. This approach involves morphological and contrastive linguistic analyses to understand the patterns of PA formation from quadrilateral verbs, with a focus on the hierarchy of criteria and candidate evaluation based on OT principles. The research methodology includes an in-depth study of various forms of PA produced by quadrilateral verbs, identifying rules and preferences that lead to changes in the word forms. The research findings indicate that OT provides profound insights into the complexity of the morphology of quadrilateral verbs, illustrating consistent patterns of change as well as variations depending on grammatical and semantic contexts. The implications of these research findings significantly contribute to the understanding of Arabic linguistic structure, morphological theory, and contrastive analysis methods. By paving the way for further research, this article suggests that paradigm serves as an effective conceptual framework to explain morphological phenomena in the Arabic language, enriching Arabic linguistic literature and supporting the development of advanced morphological analysis methods. This study opens avenues for deeper exploration of linguistic intricacies, fostering academic insights into the Arabic language's structural nuances.
Signal Model for Coherent Processing of Uncoupled and Low Frequency Coupled MIMO Radar Networks

MIMO radar networks consisting of multiple independent radar sensors offer the possibility to create large virtual apertures and therefore provide high angular resolution for automotive radar systems. In order to increase the angular resolution, the network must be able to process all data phase coherently. Establishing phase coherency, without distributing the transmitted RF signal to all sensors, poses a significant challenge in the automotive frequency range of $\text{76 GHz} \,\text{to}\, \text{81 GHz}$. This paper presents a signal model for uncoupled and low frequency coupled radar networks. The requirements for phase coherent processing for uncoupled radar sensors are systematically derived from the signal model. The proposed signal processing methods, which establish coherency, are sub-aperture based. Both the signal model and the proposed signal processing methods are verified by measurements with radar sensor networks composed of 2 and 3 radar sensors, providing 768 and 1728 virtual channels respectively. Measurements verify that phase noise is insignificant in the process of establishing coherency in uncoupled and low frequency coupled radar networks.
Biological control of potato common scab and growth promotion of potato by Bacillus velezensis Y6

Potato common scab, caused mainly by Streptomyces scabies, causes surface necrosis and reduces the economic value of potato tubers, but effective chemical control is still lacking. In this study, an attempt was made to control potato common scab by inoculating potatoes with Bacillus velezensis (B. velezensis) and to further investigate the mechanism of biological control. The results showed that B. velezensis Y6 could reduce the disease severity of potato common scab from 49.92 ± 25.74% [inoculated with Streptomyces scabies (S. scabies) only] to 5.56 ± 1.89% (inoculated with S. scabies and Y6 on the same day) and increase the potato yield by 37.32% compared with the control under pot experiment in this study. Moreover, in the field trial, it was found that Y6 could also significantly reduce disease severity from 13.20 ± 1.00% to 4.00 ± 0.70% and increase the potato yield from 2.07 ± 0.10 ton/mu to 2.87 ± 0.28 ton/mu (p < 0.01; Tukey’s test). Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis indicated that 256 potato genes were upregulated and 183 potato genes were downregulated in response to B. velezensis Y6 inoculation. In addition, strain Y6 was found to induce the expression of plant growth-related genes in potato, including cell wall organization, biogenesis, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and plant hormone transduction genes, by 1.01–4.29 times. As well as up-regulate hydroquinone metabolism-related genes and several transcription factors (bHLH, MYB, and NAC) by 1.13–4.21 times. In summary, our study will help to understand the molecular mechanism of biological control of potato common scab and improve potato yield.