Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electronic structure mechanism of martensitic phase transformation in binary titanium alloys

Influence of alloying elements M (M = Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mo, Nb, Ni, Sn, Ta, V, W, and Zr) on phase stability and elastic properties of titanium was studied by first principles total energy calculations. The formation energies of various phases of binary Ti-M alloys are evaluated to identify the influence of alloying elements on phase stability and transformation. The results show a similar dependency of the formation energy on the concentration of alloying elements in various phases: the β, α′, α″, and ω phases. All alloying elements stabilize the β phase and show similar influence of the stabilities of the α′ and α″ phases, but only Al and Sn can increase the stability of the ω phase. The elastic parameters of α″-Ti alloys are also studied in the present work. All alloys have smaller Young's modulus than the pure titanium except the Al and Cu contained alloys, which also show larger bulk and shear moduli than the pure Ti. Elements Cr, Mo, Ni, Sn, Zr, Al, and Cu could stabilize the alloys both energetically.
Entropy interpretation of maximum-likelihood deconvolution

Entropy concepts are embodied in the maximum‐likelihood deconvolution (MLD) method, just as they are in minimum‐entropy (MED) methods. MLD asymptotically minimizes Shannon’s entropy of the reflectivity sequence (which, in MLD, is modeled as a Bernoulli‐Gaussian random sequence). Study of maximum‐ likelihood detection and estimation of the reflectivity sequence reveals that MLD is embodied in the general framework of the “adaptive” MED methods. Comparisons based on similarities and differences between MLD and various existing MED techniques show that MLD is robust due to explicit inclusion of noise in its statistical model.
The ‘extended’ Atkinson family and changes in the expenditure distribution. Spain 1973/74-2003

This paper emphasizes the properties of a family of inequality measures which extends the Atkinson indices and is axiomatically characterized by a multiplicative decomposition property where the withingroup component is a generalized weighted mean with weights summing exactly to 1. This family contains canonical forms of all aggregative inequality measures, each bounded above by 1, has a useful and intuitive geometric interpretation and provides an alternative dominance criterion for ordering distributions in terms of inequality. Taking the Spanish Household Budget Surveys (HBS) for 1973/74, 1980/81, and 1990/91 and the more recent Continuous HBS for 2003, we show the advantages and possibilities of this extended family in regard to completing and detailing information in studies of inequality focussing on the tails of the distribution and on the changes in the distribution when the population is partitioned into population subgroups.
Fault Detection and Optimal Sensor Location in Vehicle Suspensions

A statistical system identification methodology is applied for performing parametric identification and fault detection studies in nonlinear vehicle systems. The vehicle nonlinearities arise due to the function of the suspension dampers, which assume a different damping coefficient in tension than in compression. The suspension springs may also possess piecewise linear characteristics. These lead to models with parameter discontinuities. Emphasis is put on investigating issues of unidentifiability arising in the system identification of nonlinear systems and the importance of sensor configuration and excitation characteristics in the reliable estimation of the model parameters. A methodology is proposed for designing the optimal sensor configuration (number and location of sensors) so that the corresponding measured data are most informative about the condition of the vehicle. The effects of excitation characteristics on the quality of the measured data are systematically explored. The effectiveness of the system identification and the optimal sensor configuration design methodologies is confirmed using simulated test data from a classical two-degree-of-freedom quartercar model as well as from more involved and complete vehicle models, including four-wheel vehicles with flexible body.
Scattering characteristics of elastic waves by an elastic heterogeneity

Elastic wave scattering by a general elastic heterogeneity having slightly different density and elastic constants from the surrounding medium is formulated using the equivalent source method and Born approximation. In the low‐frequency range (Rayleigh scattering) the scattered field by an arbitrary heterogeneity having an arbitrary variation of density and elastic constants can be equated to a radiation field from a point source composed of a unidirectional force proportional to the density contrast between the heterogeneity and the medium, and a force moment tensor proportional to the contrasts of elastic constant. It is also shown that the scattered field can be decomposed into an “impedance‐type” field, which has a main lobe in the backscattering direction and no scattering in the exact forward direction, and a “velocity type” scattered field, which has a main lobe in the forward scattering direction and no scattering in the exact backward direction. For Mie scattering we show that the scattered far f.
GENERAL INCONSISTENCY CONDITIONS FOR MAXIMUM PARSIMONY: EFFECTS OF BRANCH LENGTHS AND INCREASING NUMBERS OF TAXA

Inconsistency of phylogenetic estimations refers to the property of certain estimation methods to converge on the positively wrong estimate with increasing amounts of data. This property, at least with respect to the maximum parsimony method, has been given the catch phrase "long branches attract. " It has also been suggested that this problem can be alleviated by inclusion of more taxa to break up the long branches. Unfortunately, these observations have been based on computations for trees with small numbers of taxa. Here, I present a decomposition equation that allows determination of inconsistency conditions for large numbers of taxa. I show by counterexamples that long branches are a poor predictor of inconsistent conditions and that even trees with equal branch lengths can produce inconsistent estimates. I also tested the idea of breaking up long branches with additional taxa. The addition of taxa alleviates the inconsistency problem only if the average rate of change in the added taxa is low. If the rate is high, the inconsistency problem can become worse. Sampling of random tree models indicates that the inconsistency problem becomes increasingly acute as the number of taxa becomes larger. Conclu- sions: (1) low rates of change are of paramount importance if the inconsistency problem is to be avoided, (2) if the evolutionary question of interest does not require large numbers of taxa, it seems best to use fewer taxa because larger trees are more likely to contain inconsistent branches, and (3) if taxa are added to counter inconsistency problems, the added taxa should have low rates of change and be close to the common ancestor of the clade (which may be measured by com- parison with the outgroup taxa). Longer branches require large numbers of added taxa, but such additions should only be used to resolve the particular branch of interest. Other parts of the tree, especially the branches within the added taxa, may still be inconsistently estimated. (Maximum parsimony; inconsistency; large phylogenies; long branches.)
Wing planform optimization via an adjoint method

This dissertation focuses on the problem of wing planform optimization for transonic aircraft based on flow simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) combined with an adjoint-gradient based numerical optimization procedure. The adjoint method, traditionally used for wing section design has been extended to cover planform variations and to compute the sensitivities of the structural weight of both the wing section and planform variations. The two relevant disciplines accounted for are the aerodynamics and structural weight. A simplified structural weight model is used for the optimization. Results of a variety of long range transports indicate that significant improvement in both aerodynamics and structures can be achieved simultaneously. The proof-of-concept optimal results indicate large improvements for both drag and structural weight. The work is an “enabling step” towards a realistic automated wing designed by a computer.
The Warp in the Subparsec Molecular Disk in NGC 4258 as an Explanation for Persistent Asymmetries in the Maser Spectrum

Neufeld & Maloney have proposed a model in which the warp in the subparsec-scale molecular disk in NGC 4258 allows direct illumination of the disk by a central X-ray source, heating the gas to temperatures appropriate for collisional pumping of water vapor masers. One element of this model is the creation of a layer of warm atomic gas above the cooler molecular gas where the masing occurs. Here, we examine the effects of this warm atomic gas on the maser emission. We find that for a range of plausible warps, thermal free-free extinction in the atomic gas can generate opacities of 2-3 at a wavelength of 1.3 cm. Furthermore, because of the orientation of the warp with respect to the line of sight, we argue that this extinction will only occur on the blueshifted side of the disk. Thus, we demonstrate that such thermal absorption is a likely explanation for the persistent weakness of the blueshifted maser features relative to the redshifted ones.
Polarization properties of self-pulsating VCSELs

We consider VCSELs operating in the fundamental transverse mode. Our theoretical framework combines the light polarization dynamics which is described by the so-called spin flip model with a description for the absorber region. We demonstrated that polarization self-pulsations in VCSELs are possible under certain operation conditions. As a result of analytical and numerical analysis of our model, we have found regions of stable operation, coupled pulsations of the polarization and the total intensity, and polarization self-pulsations at nearly constant total intensity.
An Econometric Analysis of I(2) Variables

This paper provides a selective survey of the recent literature dealing with I(2) variables in economic time series, that is, processes that require to be differenced twice in order to become stationary. With reference to particular economic models intuition is provided of why I(2)-and polynomial cointegration are features likely to occur in economics. The properties of I(2) series are discussed and I review topics such as: Testing for double unit roots, representations of I(2) cointegrated systems, and hypothesis testing in single equations as well as in systems of equations. Different data sets are used to illustrate the various econometric and statistical techniques.
Instanton Interactions at the One Loop Level

We discuss the interactions between widely separated instantons (but not instantons and anti-instantons) due to the one-loop fluctuations in a non-Abelian gauge theory. A slightly generalized version of the recent calculation of Brown and Creamer for the one-loop determinant about an exact self-dual solution is used as a starting point. An apparently dangerous 1/r/sup 2/ interaction is found to disappear with the proper parametrization of the exact solution. As a by-product of our procedure, we develop a more precise understanding of the relation between exact solutions of topological charge k and the superposition of k instantons. In particular, the meaning of the parameters of the Jackiw-Nohl-Rebbi k = 2 solution is understood in these terms.
Orderings of Fuzzy Sets Based on Fuzzy Orderings Part II: Generalizations

In Part I of this series of papers, a general approach for ordering fuzzy sets with respect to fuzzy orderings was presented. Part I also highlighted three limitations of this approach. The present paper addresses these limitations and proposes solutions for overcoming them. We rst consider a fuzzication of the ordering relation, then ways to compare fuzzy sets with dierent heights, and nally we introduce how to rene the ordering relation by lexicographic hybridization with a dierent ordering method.
Near-field mapping of surface refractive-index distributions

Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) in reflection is employed for high-resolution mapping of surface refractive-index distributions. Two different single-mode optical fibers with step-index profiles are characterized using a reflection SNOM setup, in which cross-polarized detection is employed to increase the contrast in optical images and, thereby, the method sensitivity. The SNOM images exhibit a clear ring-shaped structure associated with the fiber step-index profile, indicating that surface refractive-index variations being smaller than 10-2 can be detected. It is found that the quantitative interpretation of SNOM images requires accurate characterization of a fiber tip used, because the detected optical signal is a result of interference between the optical fields reflected by the sample surface and by the fiber tip itself. The possibilities and limitations of this experimental technique are discussed.
Multiple penetration of a TE/sub z/-polarized plane wave into multilayered cylindrical cavity-backed apertures

A generalized mathematical procedure is developed for investigating a TE/sub z/-polarized plane wave penetration through two-dimensional (2-D) multilayered cylindrical cavity-backed apertures. The mathematical treatment is based on the direct integral equation technique combined with the Galerkin's procedure. Both the near- and far-zone field solutions to such a multiple coupling system are obtained in an analytical form. By taking the aperture edge effects into account, the magnetic currents on the surrounded multiple apertures are expanded in terms of a series of Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Furthermore, parametric studies are performed to show the variation of the penetrated near-zone magnetic field in various cylindrical cavity-backed apertures with the aperture number and geometrical sizes.
A search for J-band variability from late-L and T brown dwarfs

We present J-band photometric observations of eight late-L and T type brown dwarfs designed to search for variability. We detect small amplitude periodic variability from three of the objects on time-scales of several hours, probably indicating the rotation period of the objects. The other targets do not show any variability down to the level of 0.5-5 per cent.
Game-of-Life Temperature-Aware DVFS Strategy for Tile-Based Chip Many-Core Processors

We propose a novel technique which exploits the concept of Game-of-Life (GoL) originated from cellular automata to achieve a light-weight yet effective temperature-aware DVFS for tile-based Chip Many-Core Processors (CMPs). The proposed DVFS mechanism is based on the strategy that a CMP V/F region, consisting of several tiles sharing the same V/F level, first determines the local V/F level according to core and uncore performance interests of the resident tiles. Then, based on the temperatures of both local and neighbor V/F regions, the performance based V/F policy is revised towards thermal safety, minimizing the occurrence of chip thermal urgency threshold (TUT) violation. As such, our temperature-aware DVFS strategy implements an ecosystem where V/F regions try to secure as much performance as possible, but a sustainable thermal environment for itself and neighbor regions is also maintained, essentially mimicking the behavior of living cells that co-exist harmonically in a common environment. Full-system evaluations with PARSEC and SPEC OMP2012 multi-threaded benchmarks show that our GoL based temperature-aware DVFS technique can averagely reduce TUT violation by 43.4% (59.5% in maximum) compared to a thermal-oblivious DVFS mechanism and by 20.7% (31.9% in maximum) compared to a local-temperature aware DVFS mechanism, with graceful performance degradation.
Coordinated Multiwavelength Observations of BL Lacertae in 2000

BL Lacertae (BL Lac) was the target of an extensive multiwavelength monitoring campaign in the second half of 2000. Simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous observations were taken at radio (University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory and Metsähovi Radio Telescope) and optical (Whole Earth Blazar Telescope [WEBT] collaboration) frequencies, in X-rays (BeppoSAX and RXTE), and at very high energy gamma rays (HEGRA). The WEBT optical campaign achieved an unprecedented time coverage, virtually continuous over several 10-20 hr segments. It revealed intraday variability on timescales of ~1.5 hr and evidence for spectral hardening associated with increasing optical flux. During the campaign, BL Lac underwent a major transition from a rather quiescent state prior to 2000 September, to a flaring state for the rest of the year. This was also evident in the X-ray activity of the source. BeppoSAX observations on July 26-27 revealed a rather low X-ray flux and a hard spectrum, while a BeppoSAX pointing on 2000 October 31-November 2 indicated significant variability on timescales of ≲a few hours and provided evidence for the synchrotron spectrum extending out to ~10 keV during that time. During the July 26-27 observation, there is a tantalizing, although not statistically significant, indication of a time delay of ~4-5 hr between the BeppoSAX and the R-band light curves. Also, a low-significance detection of a time delay of 15 days between the 14.5 and 22 GHz radio light curves is reported. Several independent methods to estimate the comoving magnetic field in the source are presented, suggesting a value of ~2e G, where eB is the magnetic field equipartition factor with respect to the electron energy density in the jet.
The production of Newcastle disease virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana as potential vaccines

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral respiratory and neurological disease that has a severe impact on poultry production worldwide. In the present study, an expression platform was established for the transient production in N.bethamiana of ND virus-like particles (VLPs) for use as vaccines against ND. The expression of the ND Fusion (F) and/or Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins of a genotype VII.2 strain formed ND VLPs in planta as visualized under the transmission electron microscope, and HN-containing VLPs agglutinated chicken erythrocytes with hemagglutination (HA) titres of up to 13 log2.The immunogenicity of the partially-purified ND VLPs was confirmed in specific-pathogen-free White leghorn chickens. Birds receiving a single intramuscular immunization with 1024 HA units (10 log2) of the F/HN ND VLPs administered with 20% [v/v] Emulsigen®-P adjuvant, seroconverted after 14 days with F- and HN-specific antibodies at ELISA titres of 5705.17 and HI geometric mean titres (GMTs) of 6.2 log2, respectively. Furthermore, these ND-specific antibodies successfully inhibited viral replication in vitro of two antigenically closely-related ND virus isolates, with virus-neutralization test GMTs of 3.47 and 3.4, respectively. Plant-produced ND VLPs have great potential as antigen-matched vaccines for poultry and other avian species that are highly immunogenic, cost-effective, and facilitate prompt updating to ensure improved protection against emerging ND field viruses.
Immunosensing for Early Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis Biomarkers: Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies Based on Tilted-Fiber Bragg Grating Biosensor

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is regarded as a chronic, immune-mediated disease that leads to the damage of various types of immune cells and signal networks, followed by inappropriate tissue repair and organ damage. RA is primarily manifested in the joints, but also manifests in the lungs and the vascular system. This study developed a method for the in vitro detection of RA through cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies and antigens. The diameter of a tilted-fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) biosensor was etched to 50 μm and then bonded with CCP antigens and antibodies. The small variations in the external refractive index and the optical fiber cladding were measured. The results indicated that the self-assembled layer of the TFBG biosensor was capable of detecting pre- and post-immune CCP antigen and CCP peptide concentrations within four minutes. A minimum CCP concentration of 1 ng/mL was detected with this method. This method is characterized by the sensor’s specificity, ability to detect CCP reactions, user-friendliness, and lack of requirement for professional analytical skills, as the detections are carried out by simply loading and releasing the test samples onto the platform. This study provides a novel approach to medical immunosensing analysis and detection. Although the results for the detection of different concentrations of CCP antigen are not yet clear, it was possible to prove the concept that the biosensor is feasible even if the measurement is not easy and accurate at this stage. Further study and improvement are required.
Photoassociation in a gas of cold alkali atoms: I. Perturbative quantum approach

We develop a quantum-mechanical approach to the photoassociation phenomenon in a sample of cold atoms initially at thermal equilibrium with temperature T. We calculate the rate of formation of molecules in the weak field regime using a perturbative approach. Analytical expressions are obtained for the overlap between the initial and final molecular wavefunctions, and are shown to agree with numerical calculations. The photoassociation rate is found to decrease with increasing atomic mass m, from Li to Cs. Also considered is the heating of the atomic sample through spontaneous photodissociation.
Beyond a seat at the table: imagining educational equity through critical inclusion

ABSTRACT Interlocking mechanisms of exclusion function as gatekeepers to high-quality learning in schools, which perpetuate oppressive conceptions of ability, learning, and intelligence. Across educational ecosystems, these intersecting forms of oppression—including but not limited to racism, ableism, and colonialism—are reified through exclusionary practices that hoard learning opportunities. In this paper, we contend that learning-access disparities are at the crux of educational inequalities, and that theoretical fragmentation across educational disciplines has limited our understanding of entrenched patterns of exclusion and potential solutions. This fragmentation has led to siloed equity conversations and solutions; therefore, we articulate a conceptual framework for inclusive education: Critical Inclusion (InCrit). In doing so, we first engage in a critical-historical review of educational inclusion, including how it has been theorised and operationalised in both research and praxis. We next describe the cross-pollination of the foundational theories on which the conceptual framework stands to emphasise intersectionality and emancipatory education in relation to the vast scholarship on critical inclusion. We then present the framework’s core components, which represent connectors between theory and practice, and illustrative examples. We conclude with a discussion of the cross-systems change required to make meaningful progress toward emancipatory education for all students and achieve critical inclusion in practice.