Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1807 PTC 69.5_00a_Cont 1..1

Purpose: In response to requests from physiotherapists for guidance on optimal stimulation of muscle using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a review, synthesis, and extraction of key data from the literature was undertaken by six Canadian physical therapy (PT) educators, clinicians, and researchers in the field of electrophysical agents. The objective was to identify commonly treated conditions for which there was a substantial body of literature from which to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of NMES. Included studies had to apply NMES with visible and tetanic muscle contractions. Method: Four electronic databases (CINAHL, Embase, PUBMED, and SCOPUS) were searched for relevant literature published between database inceptions until May 2015. Additional articles were identified from bibliographies of the systematic reviews and from personal collections. Results: The extracted data were synthesized using a consensus process among the authors to provide recommendations for optimal stimulation parameters and application techniques to address muscle impairments associated with the following conditions: stroke (upper or lower extremity; both acute and chronic), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, patellofemoral pain syndrome, knee osteoarthritis, and total knee arthroplasty as well as critical illness and advanced disease states. Summaries of key details from each study incorporated into the review were also developed. The final sections of the article outline the recommended terminology for describing practice using electrical currents and provide tips for safe and effective clinical practice using NMES. Conclusion: This article provides physiotherapists with a resource to enable evidence-informed, effective use of NMES for PT practice.
FoxA-dependent DNA demethylation initiates epigenetic control of cellular stability

Yitzhak Reizel1, Ashleigh Morgan1, Long Gao1, Jonathan Schug1, Sarmistha Mukherjee2, Meilín M. Fernández García3, Greg Donahue3, Joseph A. Baur2, Kenneth S Zaret3, Klaus H Kaestner1,* 1Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 12-126 Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-5156, USA.
Impacto del cuidado informal en la salud y la calidad de vida de las personas cuidadoras: análisis de las desigualdades de género Impact of informal caregiving on caregivers' health and quality of life: analysis of gender inequalities

Objectives: To describe informal caregivers’ characteristics, quantify the effect of caregiving activities on caregivers' health, and determine whether this effect differs by sex. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out based on the Basque Health Survey 2002. Physical and mental health, use of health services, social health and health related quality of life (HRQL) indicators were compared in caregivers (n = 836) and non-caregivers (n = 5,706). Age-adjusted logistic regression models were calculated to assess the association between the caregiver and effects on health by sex, socioeconomic position and occupational status. Results: Female caregivers showed worse results in 6 out of 10 indicators compared with non-caregiver women, whereas male caregivers showed worse results in only four indicators compared with non-caregiving men. The associations between caregiving (caregiving vs. non-caregiving) and health results were stronger in women than in men, except in social health. When caregiving burden intensity was considered, greatly burdened men showed a similar or higher risk of poor HRQL (physical in men: OR = 3.0, CI95%: 1.4-6.3; women: OR = 2.3, CI95%: 1.5-3.5; mental in men: OR = 2.5, CI95%: 1.4-4.3; women: OR = 2.5, CI95%: 1.7-3.7) and low social support (affective support in men: OR = 2.6, CI95%: 1.5-4.6; women: OR = 1.5, CI95%: 1.0-2.3). However, the risk of sedentariness, lack of sleep, greater use of health services and mental ill-health remained higher for women caregivers. Conclusions: Caregiving damages the health of informal caregivers but the risks for female caregivers are higher due to greater intensity of caregiver burden. As men’s caregiving burden increases, gender inequalities decrease or invert.
Patients Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Eye Screening

Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) technology is poised to revolutionize modern delivery of health care services. We set to evaluate the patient perspective of AI use in diabetic retinal screening. Design: Survey. Methods: Four hundred thirty-eight patients undergoing diabetic retinal screening across New Zealand participated in a survey about their opinion of AI technology in retinal screening. The survey consisted of 13 questions covering topics of awareness, trust, and receptivity toward AI systems. Results: The mean age was 59 years. The majority of participants identified as New Zealand European (50%), followed by Asian (31%), Pacific Islander (10%), and Maori (5%). Whilst 73% of participants were aware of AI, only 58% have heard of it being implemented in health care. Overall, 78% of respondents were comfortable with AI use in their care, with 53% saying they would trust an AI-assisted screening program as much as a health professional. Despite having a higher awareness of AI, younger participants had lower trust in AI systems. A higher proportion of Maori and Pacific participants indicated a preference toward human-led screening. The main perceived benefits of AI included faster diagnostic speeds and greater accuracy. Conclusions: There is low awareness of clinical AI applications among our participants. Despite this, most are receptive toward the implementation of AI in diabetic eye screening. Overall, there was a strong preference toward continual involvement of clinicians in the screening process. There are key recommendations to enhance the receptivity of the public toward incorporation of AI into retinal screening programs.
The role of Arabidopsis G-protein subunits in MLO2 function and MAMP-triggered immunity

Heterotrimeric G-proteins are composed of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits and regulate many fundamental processes in plants. Nonetheless plants have a considerably simpler repertoire of Gprotein signaling components than metazoans. In animals, ligand binding to 7 transmembrane (7TM) cell surface receptors designated GPCRs leads to G protein activation, however, activation of the plant G protein complex is constitutive, therefore the exact role of plant 7TM proteins is unclear. MLOs are the best characterized 7TM plant proteins. While genetic ablation of either MLO2 or G proteins alters resistance to pathogens, it is unknown if G proteins directly couple signaling through MLO2. Here we exploited two well-documented phenotypes of Arabidopsis mlo2 mutants, broad-spectrum powdery mildew resistance and spontaneous callose deposition, to assess the relationship of MLO2 proteins to the G protein complex. Although our data reveal modulation of antifungal defence responses by Gβ and Gγ subunits, our findings are overall inconsistent with a role of MLO2 as a canonical GPCR. We discovered that mutants defective in the Gβ subunit show delayed accumulation of a subset of defence-associated genes following exposure to the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP), flg22. Moreover Gβ mutants were found to be hypersusceptible to spray-inoculation with the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae. In sum, our data do not support a function for MLO proteins as GPCRs, but unravel a role for Gβ and Gγ subunits as modulators of basal defence against biotrophic and hemibiotrophic phytopathogens.
Poisson-Boltzmann analysis of the X repressor-operator interaction

A theoretical study of the ion atmosphere contribution to the binding free energy of the X repressor-operator complex is presented. The finite-difference form of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation was solved to calculate the electrostatic interaction energy of the amino-terminal domain of the X repressor with a 9 or 45 base pair oligonucleotide. Calculations were performed at various distances between repressor and operator as well as at different salt concentrations to determine ion atmosphere contributions to the total electrostatic interaction. Details in the distribution of charges on DNA and protein atoms had a strong influence on the calculated total interaction energies. In contrast, the calculated salt contributions are relatively insensitive to changes in the details of the charge distribution. The results indicate that the ion atmosphere contribution favors association at all protein-DNA distances studied. The theoretical number of ions released upon repressor-operator binding appears to be in reasonable agreement with experimental data.
Special Issue: Aging Alone? International Perspectives on Social Integration and Isolation Race and Objective Social Isolation: Older African Americans, Black Caribbeans, and Non-Hispanic Whites

Objectives: Social isolation is a major risk factor for poor physical and mental health among older adults. This study investigates the correlates of objective social isolation among older African Americans, Black Caribbean immigrants, and non-Hispanic Whites. Methods: The analysis is based on the older subsample ( n = 1,439) of the National Survey of American Life. There are eight indicators of objective social isolation: no contact with neighbors, neighborhood groups, friends, family members, religious congregation members, not being married and no romantic involvement, living alone, and not being a parent. Results: Very few older Americans are socially isolated from family and friends. Non-Hispanic Whites are more likely than both African Americans and Black Caribbeans to live alone, to be childless, and have limited contact with religious congregation members. For both African Americans and Black Caribbeans, being female is protective against social isolation, but for both populations, men are more likely to be married or have a romantic partner. For African Americans, residing in the South is also protective against social isolation. Discussion: This analysis provides greater clarity on racial and ethnic differences in social isolation among older adults, as well as within-group differences in objective social isolation among African Americans and Black Caribbeans.
Lipid Monolayers: Demonstration of Unipolar a-Actinin-F-Actin Crosslinking

A method is described for forming two-dimensional (2-D) paracrystalline complexes of F-actin and bundling/ gelation proteins on positively charged lipid monolayers. These arrays facilitate detailed structural studies of protein interactions with F-actin by eliminating superposition effects present in 3-D bundles. Bundles of F-actin have been produced using the glycolytic enzymes aldolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the cytoskeletal protein erythrocyte adducin as well as smooth muscle a-actinin from chicken gizzard. All of the 2-D bundles formed contain F-actin with a 13/6 helical structure. F-actin-aldolase bundles have an interfilament spacing of 12.6 nm and a superlattice arrangement of actin filaments that can be explained by expression of a local twofold axis in the neighborhood of the aldolase. Well ordered F-actin-a-actinin 2-D bundles have an interfilament spacing of 36 nm and contain crosslinks 33 nm in length angled -25-350 to the filament axis. Images and optical diffraction patterns of these bundles suggest that they consist of parallel, unipolar arrays of actin filaments. This observation is consistent with an actin crosslinking function at adhesion plaques where actin filaments are bound to the cell membrane with uniform polarity.
Typing Catching Up with Courtroom Application

Throughout the century, basic advances in the study of human variability have consistently provided new tools for the analysis of evidence samples in criminal cases and paternity disputes. Forensic genetic typing began with the ABO blood group but soon expanded to other blood groups, serum proteins, red blood cell enzymes, and (in applications, principally paternity testing, in which fresh samples can be compared) histocompatibility antigens. With the recognition (Botstein et al. 1980) that the human genome is replete with DNA sequence polymorphisms such as RFLPs, it was only a small leap to imagine that DNA could, in principle, provide the ultimate identifier. Forensic DNA typing emerged as a practical reality with the important papers of Jeffreys et al. (1985a, 1985b), reporting the discovery of hypervariable "minisatellite" regions in the human genome having common core sequences. According to the authors, a multilocus probe detecting many such regions simultaneously could provide "individual-specific DNA fingerprints. " In a linguistic stroke, the term "DNA fingerprinting" changed the entire paradigm used in forensics. Previously, forensic scientists had used genetic markers to "include" or "exclude" a suspect from the individuals who might have the source of an evidence sample. With the prospect of individual-specific DNA patterns, forensic scientists could hope to achieve absolute identification. The field has been in ferment ever since. The British Home Office and Scotland Yard soon began using multilocus probes for immigration cases and for criminal investigations in 1985, including the
CURCUMIN ATTENUATES HEMATOMA SIZE AND NEUROLOGICAL INJURY FOLLOWING INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE IN MICE

Objective—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with significant patient morbidity and mortality. Acute hematoma enlargement is an important predictor of neurological injury and poor clinical prognosis; however, neurosurgical clot evacuation may not be feasible in all patients and treatment options remain largely supportive. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches to promote hematoma resolution are needed. In the present study, we investigated whether the curry spice, curcumin, limited neurovascular injury following ICH in mice. Methods—ICH was induced in adult male CD-1 mice by the intracerebral administration of collagenase or autologous blood. Clinically-relevant doses of curcumin (75–300 mg/kg) were administered up to 6 hours after ICH and hematoma volume, inflammatory gene expression, blood-brain barrier permeability, and brain edema were assessed over the first 72 hours. Neurological assessments were performed to correlate neurovascular protection with functional outcomes. Results—Curcumin increased hematoma resolution at 72 hours post-ICH. This effect was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Curcumin also reduced disruption of the blood-brain barrier and attenuated the formation of vasogenic edema following ICH. Consistent with the reduction in neuroinflammation and neurovascular injury, curcumin significantly improved neurological outcome scores after ICH. Conclusion—Curcumin promoted hematoma resolution and limited neurological injury following ICH. These data may indicate clinical utility for curcumin as an adjunct therapy to reduce brain injury and improve patient outcome.
Original Contribution DoDeviations FromHistorical Precipitation Trends Influence Child Nutrition? AnAnalysis FromUganda

Changes in precipitation patternsmight have deleterious effects on population health.Weused data from theUganda National Panel Survey from 2009 to 2012 (n = 3,223 children contributing 5,013 assessments) to evaluate the link between rainfall and undernutrition in children under age 5 years. We considered 3 outcomes (underweight, wasting, and stunting) andmeasured precipitation using household-reported drought and deviations from long-term precipitation trendsmeasured by satellite. We specifiedmultilevel logistic regression models with random effects for the community, village, and individual. Underweight (13%), wasting (4%), and stunting (33%) were common. Reported drought was associated with underweight (marginal risk ratio (RR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.35) in adjusted analyses. Positive annual deviations (greater rainfall) from long-term precipitation trends were protective against underweight (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.92, 0.97) andwasting (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.98) but not stunting (marginal RR per 50-mm increase = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.01). Precipitation was associatedwithmeasures of acute but not chronicmalnutrition using both objective and subjectivemeasures of exposure. Sudden reductions in rainfall are likely to have acute adverse effects on child nutritional status.
Endometrial Biopsy in Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows

Endometrial biopsies were taken for histological assessment from 97 cows which calved in a commercial dairy herd between April and August 1984. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the interrelationships among histological criteria and to identify a shortlist of histological parameters to be included in subsequent analysis of associations with results of bacteriological culture, clinical findings and reproductive performance. Epithelial height and segmented cell counts were highly correlated within biopsy, between horns and between days. Subjective assessment of inflammation in the epithelium and/or stratum compactum generally identified biopsies which had any inflammation present. Cows which had inflammation in a biopsy from day 26 were likely to show inflammatory changes at day 40. Quantitative and subjective assessments of gland number, dilation and fibrosis were highly correlated. There was a positive association between the number of cross sections and the diameter of glands, and both of these criteria were negatively correlated with fibrosis and inflammatory changes. There may be different functional significance of the same histological finding at a different number of days postpartum.
A Woman with HIV, Brain Abscesses and Eosinophilia

Marcela Campo1,2, Man K. Phung2, Rehan Ahmed2, Paul Cantey3,4, Henry Bishop3, Tanvir K. Bell1,2, Carolyn Gardiner2, and Cesar A. Arias1,2,5 1Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston 3Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Vector-borne, and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
CNS and peripheral immunity in cerebral ischemia: partition and interaction

Stroke elicits excessive immune activation in the injured brain tissue. This well-recognized neural inflammation in the brain is not just an intrinsic organ response but also a result of additional intricate interactions between infiltrating peripheral immune cells and the resident immune cells in the affected areas. Given that there is a finite number of immune cells in the organism at the time of stroke, the partitioned immune systems of the CNS and periphery must appropriately distribute the limited pool of immune cells between the two domains, mounting a necessary post-stroke inflammatory response by supplying a sufficient number of immune cells into the brain while maintaining peripheral immunity. Stroke pathophysiology has mainly been neurocentric in focus, but understanding the distinct roles of the CNS and peripheral immunity in their concerted action against ischemic insults is crucial. This review will discuss stroke-induced influences of the peripheral immune system on CNS injury/repair and of neural inflammation on peripheral immunity, and how comorbidity influences each.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Bifunctional NETA Chelate for Molecular Targeted Radiotherapy Using 90Y or 177Lu

Introduction—Therapeutic potential of β-emitting cytotoxic radionuclides 90Y and 177Lu have been demonstrated in numerous preclinical and clinical trials. A bifunctional chelate that can effectively complex with the radioisotopes is a critical component for molecular targeted radiotherapy 90Y and 177Lu. A new bifunctional chelate 5p-C-NETA with a relatively long alkyl spacer between the chelating backbone and the functional unit for conjugation to a tumor targeting moiety was synthesized. 5p-C-NETA was conjugated to a model targeting moiety, a cyclic ArgGly-Asp-D-Tyr-Lys (RGDyK) peptide binding integrin αvβ3 protein overexpressed on various cancers. 5p-C-NETA was conjugated to c(RGDyK) peptide and evaluated for potential use in molecular targeted radiotherapy of 90Y and 177Lu. Methods—5p-C-NETA conjugated with c(RGDyK) was evaluated in vitro for radiolabeling, serum stability, binding affinity, and the result of the in vitro studies of 5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) was compared to that of 3p-CNETA-c(RGDyK). 177Lu-5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) was further evaluated for in vivo biodistribution using gliobastoma bearing mice. Result—The new chelate rapidly and tightly bound to a cytotoxic radioisotope for cancer therapy, 90Y or 177Lu with excellent radiolabeling efficiency and maximum specific activity under mild condition (>99%, RT, <1 min). 90Yand 177Lu-radiolabeled complexes of the new chelator remained stable in human serum without any loss of the radiolanthanide for 14 days. Introduction of the tumor targeting RGD moiety to the new chelator made little impact on complexation kinetics and stability with 90Y or 177Lu. 177Lu-radiolabeled 5p-C-NETA-c(RGDyK) conjugate was shown to target tumors in mice and produced a favorable in vivo stability profile. Corresponding Author: Hyun-Soon Chong, Chemistry Division, Biological and Chemical Science Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St, LS 182, Chicago, IL, 60616, Chong@iit.edu, Fax: 312-567-3494. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Nucl Med Biol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 March 01. Published in final edited form as: Nucl Med Biol. 2015 March ; 42(3): 242–249. doi:10.1016/j.nucmedbio. 2014.10. 004. A uhor M anscript