Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usability and security support offered through ADSL router user manuals

ADSL routers are often used as either the target or the means for cyber crime. Many ADSL router threats could be mitigated through the effective use of inbuilt security controls and firmware updates available from vendors. Unfortunately, end ‐ users typically lack the technical expertise to correctly configure and secure the device. Subsequently, end ‐ users are reliant on well documented procedures provided by vendors in their user manuals and quick start guides. This study investigates the usability and security recommendations and encouragements put forth by vendors in their user manuals. The study demonstrates that user manual usability does not conform to ideal technical publication practices. In addition, end ‐ users are typically not encouraged to utilise the in ‐ built security features and in a few instances are actually deterred from securing their ADSL router.
How far can we deviate from the performative formula ? *

Austin (1962) characterized explicit performatives as a class of utterances that make explicit their illocutionary force and described the performative formula as the combination of a first person singular subject with a present tense performative verb in indicative mood and active voice. According to Austin (1979), this grammatical standard form is not a general characterization of performative utterances, but varying those features might prevent the utterance from establishing performative force: For example, when we say ‘I promise that . ’, the case is very different from when we say ‘He promises that . ’, or in the past tense ‘I promised that . ’. For when we say ‘I promise that . ’ we do perform an act of promising—we give a promise.
Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica - An Animal and Plant Biodiversity Atlas

Biodiversity conservation has become one of the most urgent tasks facing humanity because of the accelerating rates of biodiversity loss (Pimm et al., 1995). An appropriate action to this end would be the establishment of global inventories, although the time required for both surveying and documenting this plethora of taxa far outreaches our present capacity. Availability of adequate data is also a limiting factor (Prendergast et al., 1999). Therefore, the writing of biogeographic atlases can be proposed as a practical tool for biodiversity conservation (Prendergast et al., 1993; Morrone, 2000) and hotspot identification (area that combines a high biodiversity with a high threat degree by humans; Myers, 1988; Kappelle, 2008). A very important task of biogeography atlases is the study of diversity and endemicity patterns in order to protect rare and endangered species. As Lomolino et al. (2006) indicate two major tasks of this process are: (1) to document the intensities and locations of hotspots for a particular taxonomic group and (2) to determine to what degree do different taxon-specific hotspots overlap. Although levels of endemism and species richness are frequently positively correlated (Balmford & Long, 1995), unfortunately, many times there is little overlap in the species richness and endemicity areas (Bibby et al., 1992; Prendergast et al., 1993; Araujo, 2002; Cox & Moore, 2005; Lomolino et al., 2006). This fact forces the analysis of distribution patterns region by region in order to understand what the approximate situation is and being able to identify biodiversity hotspots (Myers et al., 2000). As Gaston (2000) and Gaston & Spicer (2004) indicate, species distribution is not very uniform across the world and must therefore be mapped. Peaks of diversity exert widespread fascination, especially regarding the origin of high numbers. After all, conservation planning is based on spatial biodiversity distribution (Margules & Pressey, 2000). Another aspect of the use of biodiversity atlases that has not been previously mentioned is their possible importance as a tool for following distributional changes caused by climatic effects, especially in mountainous areas, such as Costa Rica. The study and knowledge of the aforementioned situation in Costa Rica is of utmost importance. Costa Rica belongs to one (Middle America) of the 36 world hotspots, as defined by Mittermeier et al., (2004). Costa Rica is not a big country (Fig. 1). It has 51 042.8 km2 of continental and insular land surface, representing 0.03 % of the Earth surface (Jimenez, 1995; Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia, 2000). In the ranking of world diversity, Costa Rica occupies the 20th place,
Role of Bio-Fertilizer in Organic Agriculture: A Review

Bio-fertilizers are one of the best modern tools for agriculture. It is a gift of our modern agricultural science. Biofertilizers are applied in the agricultural field as a replacement to our conventional fertilizers. Conventional fertilizers contain compost; household wastes and green manure. Those are not as effective as chemical fertilizers. So, farmers often try to use chemical fertilizers in the field for crop development. But obviously the chemical fertilizers are not environment friendly. They are responsible for water, air and soil pollution and can spread cancer causing agents. Moreover, they may destroy the fertility of the soil in a long run. Scientists have developed Biofertilizers to prevent pollution and to make this world healthy for everybody in a natural way. Bio-fertilizer contains microorganisms which promote the adequate supply of nutrients to the host plants and ensure their proper development of growth and regulation in their physiology. Living microorganisms are used in the preparation of biofertilizers. Only those microorganisms are used which have specific functions to enhance plant growth and reproduction. There are different types of microorganisms which are used in the bio-fertilizers. Bio-fertilizer being essential components of Organic farming play vital role in maintaining long term soil fertility and sustainability.
Improving the Welfare of Companion Dogs—Is Owner Education the Solution?

Simple Summary The welfare of most dogs living in homes is largely unknown. However, national surveys carried out by animal welfare charities and findings by animal welfare researchers have shown significant deterioration in some key aspects of dog welfare. For example, more dogs presenting to vets with behavioural problems, obesity, and ill-health due to poor breeding practices. This means that some dogs are suffering due to their owners’ behaviours or ownership practices. Educating dog owners as to how best to look after their dogs is, and has been seen by many, as key to improving the welfare of dogs living in homes. However, the concept of education, the context in which it occurs, and the lack of systematic evaluation of the effectiveness of education interventions means that nobody really knows if this approach works. This paper explores these concepts and draws together a wide range of sources of information to highlight some of the complexities of improving dog welfare by educating owners. Abstract Vets, animal welfare charities, and researchers have frequently cited educating owners as a necessity for improving the welfare of companion dogs. The assumption that improving an owner’s knowledge through an education intervention subsequently results in improvements in the welfare of the dog appears reasonable. However, the complexity of dog welfare and dog ownership and the context in which these relationships occur is rapidly changing. Psychology has demonstrated that humans are complex, with values, attitudes, and beliefs influencing our behaviours as much as knowledge and understanding. Equally, the context in which we individuals and our dogs live is rapidly changing and responding to evolving societal and cultural norms. Therefore, we seek to understand education’s effectiveness as an approach to improving welfare through exploring and understanding these complexities, in conjunction with the relevant research from the disciplines of science education and communication. We argue that well designed and rigorously evaluated education interventions can play a part in the challenge of improving welfare, but that these may have limited scope, and welfare scientists could further consider extending cross-disciplinary, cross-boundary working, and research in order to improve the welfare of companion dogs.
Methods of Estimating Foot and Ankle Power in Takeoff Phase of Standing Vertical Jump

: Experimental motion capture studies have commonly considered the foot as a single rigid body. However, the presence of internal joints as well as soft-tissue interactions inside the foot demonstrate that the foot is in fact not rigid. Various methods have been applied to study the deviations of the foot from rigid body mechanics, such as developing multi-segment foot models or employing compensation strategies for the rigid foot model. However, no study has compared these compensation strategies with multi-segment models in any movement such as gait or jumping. This study compared two main compensation strategies (distal foot power and power balance technique) as well as a two-segment foot model to study the power and work of the foot and the ankle in the takeoff phase of the standing vertical jump. Physically active participants (ages 20 – 26 years) performed several standing vertical jumps from a specific starting position spanning two adjacent force platforms such that the ground reaction forces (GRF) acting on the foot were divided at the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints. The results of the study showed that the three methods for calculating work internal to the foot were significantly different from each other. Distal foot work was – 4.0 ± 1.0 J, foot work from power balance was 1.8 ± 1.1 J, and MTP joint work was 5.1 ± 0.5 J. Distal foot power showed a power absorption peak up to 111 W at around 0.1 seconds before takeoff, immediately followed by a peak power generation of 102 W. Foot power imbalance followed a similar pattern with a 31 W power absorption peak immediately followed by peak power generation of 135 W. There was minimal power absorbed at the MTP joints (a minor 7 W peak absorption) shortly after movement initiation, but apart from that, the MTP joints only generated power reaching a peak of 127 W. The results for ankle power and work did not show clinically significant difference between using the rigid foot model (58.3 ± 3.1 J) and multi-segment foot model (59.9 ± 3.4 J),
Photodynamic therapy for malignant brain tumors in children and young adolescents

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) targets tumor cell remnants after resection. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of PDT for malignant brain tumors in children and young adolescents. This was a single-center, non-randomized, phase I/II clinical study. The primary endpoints were the safety of treatment with talaporfin sodium (TS) (phase I) and overall survival (OS) after PDT (phase II). The secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) after PDT. The TS dose was determined by dose escalation from 10 to 20 to 40 mg/m2 for every three cases starting from the initial enrolled case. Eight patients with a mean age of 170.2 months (129–214 months) at the time of PDT received nine procedures with a mean follow-up duration of 16.8 months (1–42 months) after PDT. Histopathological diagnoses included supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma (n = 2), anaplastic astrocytoma (n = 1), diffuse midline glioma with H3K27M mutation (n = 1), glioblastoma (n = 3), and pediatric high-grade glioma (n = 1). The outcome was survival in five patients and death in three patients. Recurrence occurred in six of the eight patients; the remaining two were recurrence-free after PDT. Therefore, OS and PFS were calculated as 21 and 6 months, respectively. Seizures and fevers, which were likely surgery-related symptoms, were commonly observed. Photosensitive skin rashes or liver dysfunction, which are common adverse effects in adults, were not observed. Our results showed that TS can be used safely in children at doses comparable to those used in adults, as there was no major complication associated with TS administration. However, we cannot make a definitive conclusion about the efficacy of PDT because of the small number of participants. Accumulating cases was difficult because of the rarity of pediatric brain tumors and the difficulty in making a preoperative differential diagnosis, considering the wide range of histopathological findings. Moreover, the psychological stress associated with light-shielding management in pediatric patients was more severe than initially expected. In conclusion, TS at doses comparable to those used in adults may be safe for use in children and young adolescents between the ages of 6 and 20 years. However, further studies are needed to clarify its efficacy.
Inside a Family Day Out: Understanding Decisions to Visit Museums

This research examines the pre-purchase behaviour of families with children in the museum sector of the leisure market. It focuses on two related research questions. First, how do families with children make decisions to visit museums and second, what role do children play in such decisions? Previous quantitative evidence has found that family leisure and holiday choices tend to be joint decisions and that children exert a significant influence. Museums are an important subset of leisure choice and here studies have uncovered multiple reasons why families visit museums including child-related ones. However few studies have examined non-Western families and investigated the process involved in making such decisions with the focus to study a family including children as a whole unit. In contrast to previous quantitative research, this study uses a qualitative method. Thirty-seven family groups were interviewed at four different museums in Taiwan with a particular emphasis on listening to the voices of child participants aged between 5 and 15 years. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was chosen as the analytic approach because of its emphasis on in-depth examination of how people experience the studied phenomenon and how they make sense of their experiences. A unique feature of IPA is that it facilitates the understanding of different viewpoints that might exist between adults and children and could help the researcher to uncover the 'story' behind the family decisions. The findings overall are in line with the research studies found in Western literature. The findings further indicate a mixture of planned and impulse decisions and each of these can be made either exclusively by adults or jointly by adults and children. The active input from children across the process of the joint decisions is highlighted. Children's interests, which were expressed either explicitly or implicitly, were a powerful trigger for family visits to museums. The findings also demonstrated a range of factors expressed by adults and children that influenced their selections. Among them, the entertaining features of a museum and the price factor gained the most weighting to the adults. Educational benefits that visiting a museum can offer to children tended to be expressed by the adults with a degree of subtlety. The family interactions in the decision-making process revealed cooperation, harmony and flexibility rather than competition, and the desire for a pleasant, relaxing and quality group experience. The contributions claimed by this thesis are two fold. First a deeper understanding of the role of children and family interactions in decision-making is offered. Second modifications in the form of additional stages are proposed for the existing theoretical decision-making models for further testing and development in future research. 9*AA&*OX407 Iq 12ý *11 Irl I t it -L it -aT -A0, ýK Delicates to my parents Without your support, I would never have been able to begin this splendid journey.
The Biofilm Lifestyle

I t is a distinct pleasure to address the dental research community on the subject of microbial biofilms because it was this same community, more years ago than I care to admit, that inspired many of our initial thoughts in this area. Gibbons and van Houte, of the Forsyth Dental Center, had already addressed that most obvious and troublesome biofilm—dental plaque—in direct observations and elegant experiments, before we began our own oddessey, and our early 1978 article in Scientific American (Costerton et al, 1978) made liberal use of their ideas. Their successors have consistently led the microbial ecology sector of the biofilm research area, because their central biofilm of interest is composed of an especially rich variety of different bacterial morphotypes and bacterial species of different metabolic predilections. In this short review, it is our objective to summarize progress in the general area of biofilm research and to extract from that summary items that may be of particular interest to the dental community. In a recent review in Annual Reviews of Microbiology (Costerton et al., 1995), we defined bacterial biofilms as "matrix-enclosed bacterial populations adherent to each other and/or to surfaces or interfaces". In this same review, we gathered and summarized biofilm research from dozens of specific programs in which subsets of the biofilm research community focus their efforts on biofilms of special interest
Citrus Fruits Value Chain Development in Nigeria

Citrus is one of the world’s most important economic fruit crops. It belongs to the group of fruits that includes oranges, lemon, limes, grape fruits and tangerines. Many citrus fruits are generally eaten fresh. Oranges and grapefruit juices are popular breakfast beverages, but more astringent citrus such as lemons and limes are used for garnishing or in cooked dishes. Citrus fruits are also made use of in production of squashes, citrus fruit powders, marmalade and other flavouring agents. After the extraction of the juice from the fruit, the resulting fruit pulp is a possible livestock feed and the rind oil is an expensive commodity in the international market. Citrus seeds are also known to contain sweetening agents, which are being studied as probable sugar substitute. Citrus peels can be used for the production of citric acid, lactic acid, feed yeast and vinegar. The leaves, flowers, peels, fruits and dried bark of citrus have important medicinal values. The dried bark of citrus is a raw material for the production of insecticides. Citrus has also found use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and soap industries. Citrus is grown globally with the largest commercial cultivation in Brazil and China. The 2007 Food and Agricultural Organization’s report rated Nigeria as the 9 th citrus producing country with annual average production capacity of about 3,325,000 tonnes. However, citrus fruits produced in Nigeria are mostly consumed locally without much value addition. In an effort to promote increased production and processing of tropical fruits in the country, the Federal Government banned the importation of packed juice in 2002 and then launched a Presidential Initiative on Tropical Fruits Production in 2005. This paper examines the citrus value chain in Nigeria, efforts towards the development of citrus value chain, challenges and strategies for harnessing the potentials of citrus fruits for economic development of the country. The paper identifies lack of value addition as the major constraint in harnessing the citrus potentials in Nigeria. Other challenges identified include post harvest losses due to poor road network, lack of infrastructure for storage and preservation, lack of improved varieties, poor R&D funding and poor handling of the fruits during harvesting and transportation. Strategies for effective development and utilization of citrus potentials in Nigeria were identified to include establishment of cold storage infrastructure across the country to reduce post harvest losses, adequate funding of Research for the development of improved varieties, establishment of citrus orchards, establishment of processing clusters and dedicated development of citrus value chain in Nigeria. Nigeria’s immense potentials in citrus production if well harnessed, will position the country in the lead in world trade production of the commodity and can save the country up to $480 million in import bills. KEYWORDS: Fruits , citrus, post harvest losses, value chain, processing cluster.
atmospheric methane concentrations for chemistry-climate connections

Methane (CH4) is the second most important ✿✿✿✿✿✿ directly ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ emitted greenhouse gas, which atmospheric concentration ✿✿✿ the ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ atmospheric ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ concentration ✿✿ of ✿✿✿✿✿ which ✿ is influenced by human activities. In this study, numerical simulations with a chemistry-climate model (CCM) ✿✿ the ✿✿✿✿✿✿ CCM ✿✿✿✿✿✿ EMAC are performed aiming to assess possible consequences of significantly enhanced CH4 concentrations in the Earth’s atmosphere for the climate. We analyze experiments with 2xCH4 and 5xCH4 present day (2010) mixing ratio and its quasi-instantaneous chemical 5 impact on the atmosphere. The massive increase in CH4 strongly influences the tropospheric chemistry by reducing the hydroxyl radical (OH) abundance and thereby extending the CH4 lifetime as well as the residence time of other chemical pollutants ✿✿✿✿✿✿✿✿ substances. The region above the tropopause is impacted by a substantial rise in stratospheric water vapor (SWV). The stratospheric ozone (O3) column increases overall, but SWV induced stratospheric cooling also leads to a enhanced ozone depletion in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. Regional patterns of ozone change are affected by modification of stratospheric 10 dynamics, i.e. increased tropical up-welling and stronger meridional transport towards the polar regions. We calculate the net radiative impact (RI) of the 2xCH4 experiment to be 0.69 W/m 2 and for the 5xCH4 experiment to be 1.79 W/m . A substantial part of the RI is contributed by chemically induced O3 and SWV changes, in line with previous radiative forcing estimates. To our knowledge this is the first numerical study using a CCM with respect to two/fivefold CH4 concentrations and it is therefore an overdue analysis as it emphasizes the impact of possible strong future CH4 emissions on atmospheric chemistry 15 and its feedback on climate.