Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scale and the construction of environmental imaginaries in local news

Abstract Environmental imaginaries are shaped by a range of influences, including the media. While most analyses of the effects of environmental media coverage focus on national- and international-scale news outlets, local-scale outlets continue to be important: in some cases, they are the most commonly read news sources. We suggest that the role of local news in is particularly significant where local environmental imaginations diverge from global discourses. Mindful of the challenges of defining environmental media, we outline some of the potential implications of the distinctive properties of local environmental news coverage. We then explore the dissonance between global and a specific local environmental imaginary through a case study of community newspaper coverage in Boksburg, Gauteng, South Africa. Our analysis shows a strong focus on so-called ‘brown’ issues, including concerns with pollution, water and electricity, in contrast to studies at other scales; when included, ‘green’ issues are often presented idiosyncratically. In follow-up focus groups, local residents indicate that local environmental reporting resonates more with their own environmental imaginary than national or international scales of news sources. This disjuncture between local and global imaginaries has significant theoretical and political implications, warranting further investigation of local newspapers and environmental imaginaries.
BIOMETRIC HIGH SECURE AND COST EFFECTIVE FINGER VEIN AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM FOR ATM

Finger vein recognition is a method of biometric authentication that uses pattern recognition techniques based on images of human finger vein patterns beneath the skin's surface. Finger vein recognition is one of many forms of biometrics used to identify individuals and verify their identity. Finger Vein ID is a biometric authentication system that matches the vascular pattern in an individual's finger to previously obtain data. The technology is currently in use or development for a wide variety of applications, including credit card authentication, automobile security, employee time and attendance tracking, computer and network authentication, end point security and automated teller machines. The demand for simple, convenient, and high security authentication systems for protecting private information’s stored in mobile devices has steadily increased with the development of consumer electronics. The personal information’s can be protected in the form of biometrics which uses human physiological or behavioural features for personal identification. In our proposed system, Finger Vein Recognition System using template matching and Implementation using Matlab shows that the finger vein authentication system offers the following adverse features such as cost effective and more secure and accurate level of authentication to performs well for user identification.
Response to mTOR inhibition

Background: Inhibitors of the kinase mTOR, such as rapamycin and everolimus, have been used as cancer therapeutics with limited success since some tumours are resistant. Efforts to establish predictive markers to allow selection of patients with tumours likely to respond have centred on determining phosphorylation states of mTOR or its targets 4E-BP1 and S6K in cancer cells. In an alternative approach we estimated eIF4E activity, a key effector of mTOR function, and tested the hypothesis that eIF4E activity predicts sensitivity to mTOR inhibition in cell lines and in breast tumours. Results: We found a greater than three fold difference in sensitivity of representative colon, lung and breast cell lines to rapamycin. Using an assay to quantify influences of eIF4E on the translational efficiency specified by structured 5’UTRs, we showed that this estimate of eIF4E activity was a significant predictor of rapamycin sensitivity, with higher eIF4E activities indicative of enhanced sensitivity. Surprisingly, non-transformed cell lines were not less sensitive to rapamycin and did not have lower eIF4E activities than cancer lines, suggesting the mTOR/4E-BP1/eIF4E axis is deregulated in these non-transformed cells. In the context of clinical breast cancers, we estimated eIF4E activity by analysing expression of eIF4E and its functional regulators within tumour cells and combining these scores to reflect inhibitory and activating influences on eIF4E. Estimates of eIF4E activity in cancer biopsies taken at diagnosis did not predict sensitivity to 11-14 days of pre-operative everolimus treatment, as assessed by change in tumour cell proliferation from diagnosis to surgical excision. However, higher pre-treatment eIF4E activity was significantly associated with dramatic post-treatment changes in expression of eIF4E and 4E-binding proteins, suggesting that eIF4E is further deregulated in these tumours in response to mTOR inhibition. Conclusions: Estimates of eIF4E activity predict sensitivity to mTOR inhibition in cell lines but breast tumours with high estimated eIF4E activity gain changes in eIF4E regulation in order to enhance resistance.
On Cyclic and Oscillatory Convection in a Simpli Þ ed Box Model with Entrainment

Fluctuating ventilation effect in a simpliÞed box model with three tubes is studied theoretically. A small basin is cooled from above and connected to an inÞnitely large isothermal basin with a layer of fresh water at the surface. A necessary condition for a new layer to form after a convection event is derived, and the model can reproduce cyclic convections observed in past laboratory experiments. A parameterization for interfacial entrainment is formulated based on a potential energy budget. This introduces two new regimes to the model. One is an equilibrium state with the interface located in between the middle tube and the bottom tube with inßows at the top and bottom tube and an outßow at the middle tube. The other is an oscillatory ventilation where the upper layer thickness does not grow monotonously, but oscillates. This regime is a result of balances between entrainment, surface cooling, and ßow through the three tubes. Comparisons with laboratory experiments are made.
MIDDLE-LATE PERMIAN AND EARLY TRIASSIC FORAMINIFERAL ASSEMBLAGES IN THE WESTERN SALT RANGE, PAKISTAN

A newly obtained foraminiferal assemblage from the Guadalupian−Lopingian, and Induan of the Western Salt Range (Pakistan) comprises 47 species (including 7 species of fusulinoideans) of 24 genera and 71 species (including 9 species of fusulinoideans) of 41 genera, in Nammal and Zaluch sections, respectively. Our results show that only 4 species went extinct during the Guadalupian−Lopingian mass extinction (GLME), suggesting the GLME was minor for smaller foraminifers in the Salt Range. Most species went extinct during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME), except the two survivor genera, Nodosinelloides and Planiinvoluta. During the end-Permian mass extinction, majorities of the species became extinct in lower part of Chhidru Formation, beacuse they are not tolerant to the terigenious-clastic input in the upper part of Chhidru Formation. The extinction process of foraminifers in the Nammal and Zaluch sections has been documented for the first time. Five foraminiferal assemblages are established in the shallow marine shelf deposits of Western Salt Range, i.e., Wordian Geinitzina araxensis assemblage in tide-influenced subaqueous delta to middle shelf environment, Capitanian Baisalina pulchra assemblage and Wuchiapingian Codonofusiella schubertellinoides assemblage in inner-outer shelf carbonate deposits, Changhsingian Colaniella pseudolepida assemblage and Induan Nodosinelloides-Planiinvoluta assemblage in mixed siliciclastic–carbonate shelf setting. The Baisalina pulchra and Codonofusiella schubertellinoides assemblages have wide geographic distribution and have been found in Transcaucasus, China, Turkey, Crimea and Oman. The other three assemblages (i.e., Geinitzina araxensis, Colaniella pseudolepida, and Nodosinelloides-Planiinvoluta assemblages) found in this study are likely local/regional assemblages. The foraminifers were observed with the standard microscopic system Leica-DM500. A total of 681 specimens of foraminifers are reported in the Zaluch Group and Mianwali Formation of Nammal and Zaluch sections. Five hundred ninety-nine smaller foraminifers specimens were recovered. Among the smaller foraminifera, Nodosinelloides, Pachyphloia, Geinitzina, Colaniella, Hemigordius, Tuberitina, and Langella are the most dominant genera. Larger foraminifera genera include Nankinella, Codonofusiella, Reichelina, Necdetina and Pisolina, represented by 82 specimens. A total of 3 classes (e.g., Nodosariata, Fusulinata, and Tubothalamea) and seven orders (i.e., Miliolida, Spirillinida, Lagenida, Parathuramminida, Endothyrida, Fusulinida, and Earlandiida) are identified in the current study. Among them, Lagenida becomes the most dominant by diversity and abundance. Shannon diversity and other indices rise progressively from Wordian to Changhsingian in the shallow marine sediments before dropping to zero in the Early Triassic mixed siliciclastic–carbonate shelf deposits.
Anti-Dengue Viral Compounds from Andrographis paniculata by Insilico Approach

The present study deals with the in silico docking efficiency of dengue viral protein NS5, with the andrographolide and 14deoxy11oxoandrographolide, carried out using AutoDock software. In the first phase of the study andrographolide was purified from Andrographis paniculata, a well-known siddha plant and second phase deals with inhibitory effect with NS5 using in silico analysis. Andrographolide showed higher binding energy (-5.66 kcal/mol) than the standard drug, febuxostat (-6.26 kcal/mol). The andrographolide showed six interactions similar to febuxostat in number. Whereas 14deoxy11oxoandrographolide showed higher binding energy (-7.37kcal/mol) than the both drug candidates with only 5 interactions of amino acid. These results clearly indicate that andrographolide and 14deoxy11oxoandrographolide have binding interactions with NS5. Further investigations on the andrographolide, 14deoxy11oxoandrographolide compound and in vivo studies are necessary to develop potential chemical entities for the prevention and treatment of dengue.
STEP INDEX FIBER MODELING TO SOLITON PROPAGATION

Step index fiber modeling process is carried out through numerically solving of eigenvalue equation to calculate propagation constant for fundamental mod. Input data in the process is only index of refraction calculated from Sellmeier dispersive formula for appropriate mol percentage doping of germanium dioxide in silica glass fiber. Output data in the modeling process is optimal value of the normalized frequency, which guarantees that single mode operation region is equal to bright soliton propagation region. Final verification of the process is soliton generation up to sixth- order inside such modeled fiber. In this end nonlinear Schodinger equation is solved numerically for initial condition of hyperbolic secant form. Maximization of single mode operation and bright soliton propagation region is essential in wavelength division multiplexing technique.
Design and Evaluation of a Mobile Ankle Exoskeleton With Switchable Actuation Configurations

Lower limb exoskeletons with proper assistance can improve the mobility of people with leg impairments. Prior studies have shown that tethered ankle exoskeletons can reduce the metabolic cost during walking and running, but few mobile ankle exoskeletons can achieve similar performance. The additional weight of the actuation system and compromised control performance decrease the assistance efficiency. Here, we developed a mobile exoskeleton that can provide plantarflexion torque assistance at the ankle. The actuation system is switchable between a single- and dual-motor ones to adapt to different users and tasks. The single-motor system can achieve lighter weight and better transparency while the dual-motor one can provide higher assistance. The single-motor exoskeleton system has a 0.95 kg weight worn on the leg with another 1.15 kg power belt mounted on the waist. The dual-motor system can provide up to 100 N$\cdot$m assistive torque and reduce an average of 32.5% of soleus muscle activity in preliminary tests. A real-time controller was implemented in an integrated embedded system and achieved high torque control performance. The closed-loop bandwidths of the single- and the dual-motor systems were 13.0 and 15.3 Hz, respectively. The average root-mean-squared torque tracking error was 2.6% of peak torque during walking and running. The mobile ankle exoskeleton can assist for 3 h of continuous active walking or running with an integrated 4500 mAh battery, making it promising in investigating assistance strategies off the treadmill.
Titanian Clinohumite-Bearing Peridotite from the Ulamertoq Ultramafic Body in the 3.0 Ga Akia Terrane of Southern West Greenland

A titanian clinohumite-bearing dunite was recently found in the Ulamertoq ultramafic body within the 3.0 Ga Akia Terrane of southern West Greenland. Titanian clinohumite occurs as disseminated and discrete grains. Titanian clinohumite contains relatively high amounts of fluorine, reaching up to 2.4 wt. %. The high-Fo content of olivine (Fo93) coupled with low Cr/(Cr + Al) ratio of orthopyroxene implies that the dunite host is not of residual origin after melt extraction by partial melting of the primitive mantle. Olivine grains are classified into two types based on abundances of opaque mineral inclusions: (1) dusty inclusion-rich and (2) clear inclusion-free olivines. Opaque inclusions in coarse-grained olivines are mainly magnetite. Small amounts of ilmenite are also present around titanian clinohumite grains. The observed mineral association indicates partial replacement of titanian clinohumite to ilmenite (+magnetite) and olivine following the reaction: titanian clinohumite = ilmenite + olivine + hydrous fluid. The coexistence of F-bearing titanian clinohumite, olivine, and chromian chlorite indicates equilibration at around 800–900 °C under garnet-free conditions (<2 GPa). Petrological and mineralogical characteristics of the studied titanian clinohumite-bearing dunite are comparable to deserpentinized peridotites derived from former serpentinites. This study demonstrates the importance of considering the effects of hydration/dehydration processes for the origin of ultramafic bodies found in polymetamorphic Archaean terranes.
Potential of Low Salinity Brines in Altering Wettability and Improving Oil Recovery from Liquid Rich Shale by Spontaneous Imbibition

Low salinity brines were tested to be effective at altering wettability in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs while their impacton shale has not been examined so far. Such studies could help analyze the effectiveness of monovalent and divalent salts whichcould further be used to formulate affordable injection fluids that economically recover additional oil compared toconeventional injection fluids. This paper aims to investigate the effect of concentration of brines of monovalent sodium anddivalent calcium on altering the wettability and oil-water IFT in liquid rich shale with heterogeneous lithological compositionthat includes carbonate, quartz and clays. Contact angle, IFT and zeta potential tests were conducted to analyze rock-brine andoil-brine interactions while spontaneous imbibtion was conducted at an optimum salinity derived from wettability tests.Computed Tomography was used to study fluid penetration into rock matrix and its effect on the resultant oil recovery.
Geometric Anisotropic Spatial Point Pattern Analysis and Cox Processes

We consider spatial point processes with a pair correlation function, which depends only on the lag vector between a pair of points. Our interest is in statistical models with a special kind of ‘structured’ anisotropy: the pair correlation function is geometric anisotropic if it is elliptical but not spherical. In particular, we study Cox process models with an elliptical pair correlation function, including shot noise Cox processes and log Gaussian Cox processes, and we develop estimation procedures using summary statistics and Bayesian methods. Our methodology is illustrated on real and synthetic datasets of spatial point patterns.
Vortex Filament Dynamics

Formation of large coherent vortices is a recurring theme in two-dimensional turbulence investigations [1]. DNS simulations and lab experiments have demonstrated this time and again. Once these large vortices form, like-signed vortices merge together in an inelastic process. During this merger process filamentation occurs leading to the formation of thin strips of vorticity. While some filaments remain attached to the large coherent vortices others are expelled during the merger and remain detached from the large vortices. Under normal conditions one would naturally expect these filaments to be unstable to perturbations, the growth of instabilities leading to roll up of these filaments. But surprisingly, it has been demonstrated that in the presence of other coherent vortices, the rolling up of these filaments is inhibited [2]. The strong external shearing and straining fields prevents the rolling up of these filamnets. As a result, the filaments form a characteristic feature of fully developed 2D turbulence. This work aims to capture the dynamics of these filaments using a simple new model. An integro-differential equation is derived for this purpose, which is then solved for a variety of cases. In Sec. 2 derivation of the relevant equations and some of its properties are discussed. Sec. 3 involves studying the effect of disturbances on filaments and response of filaments to externally imposed velocity fields. Possibility of equilibrium states for filaments in the presence of external fields is discussed in Sec. 4 . Some filament-point vortex and filamentfilament interactions are investigated in Sec. 5 .
Reaction-infiltration instability in a compacting porous medium

Certain geological features have been interpreted as evidence of channelized magma flow in the mantle, which is a compacting porous medium. Aharonov et al. (J. Geophys. Res., vol. 100 (B10), 1995, pp. 20433–20450) developed a simple model of reactive porous flow and numerically analysed its instability to channels. The instability relies on magma advection against a chemical solubility gradient and the porosity-dependent permeability of the porous host rock. We extend the previous analysis by systematically mapping out the parameter space. Crucially, we augment numerical solutions with asymptotic analysis to better understand the physical controls on the instability. We derive scalings for the critical conditions of the instability and analyse the associated bifurcation structure. We also determine scalings for the wavelengths and growth rates of the channel structures that emerge. We obtain quantitative theories for and a physical understanding of, first, how advection or diffusion over the reactive time scale sets the horizontal length scale of channels and, second, the role of viscous compaction of the host rock, which also affects the vertical extent of channelized flow. These scalings allow us to derive estimates of the dimensions of emergent channels that are consistent with the geologic record.
Tailoring bilberry powder functionality through preprocessing and drying

Abstract Berry powders are popular as ingredients in a range of food products, where they naturally provide flavor, color, texture, polyphenols, fiber, and other nutrients. The choices regarding processing techniques and conditions influence the quality attributes of berry powders. The aim of this study was to study the effects on bilberry powder functionalities of applying different preprocessing techniques (purée mixing and juice pressing vs. untreated whole berries) prior to hot air drying and milling. Drying of press cake reduced the drying time by 72% and increased the total apparent phenolic content of the final powder by 44%, as compared to the powder of dried whole berries. The press cake powder showed an easier flowing behavior than the powders from whole berries and puréed berries. Dispersibility (in water and dairy cream) was 60% higher for powders from whole berries and puréed berries, as compared to press cake. The total phenolic content of the dispersed powders was highest for whole berries and puréed berries. Bilberry powder functionality can be modulated through the selection of an appropriate preprocessing technique before drying and milling. This tailors the powder properties into food ingredients ready for different applications, without the need for additives.
MICRO-SCALE DIAMOND HEMISPHERICAL RESONATOR GYROSCOPE

This paper concerns a micro-scale gyroscope based on a 1 mm diameter diamond hemispherical resonator with embedded polysilicon electrodes. Frequency mismatch and quality factor of the wineglass vibration modes are studied. The device has embedded electrodes used for electrostatic transduction of resonator vibration and for electrostatic mode-matching. The air gap between the resonator and electrodes is small to increase the frequency tuning range for a given supply voltage. The 2θ-mode resonant frequency mismatch can be minimized from 2.4% to 0.1% by applying a low 2.5V tuning voltage.
Terahertz shifted optical sideband generation in graphene

Exploration of optical non-linear response of graphene predominantly relies on ultra-short time domain measurements. Here we propose an alternate technique that uses frequency modulated continuous wavefront optical fields, thereby probing graphene's steady state non-linear response. We predict frequency sideband generation in the reflected field that originates from coherent electron dynamics of the photo-excited carriers. The corresponding threshold in input intensity for optimal sideband generation provides a direct measure of the third order optical non-linearity in graphene. Our formulation yields analytic forms for the generated sideband intensity, is applicable to generic two-band systems and suggests a range of applications that include switching of frequency sidebands using non-linear phase shifts and generation of frequency combs.
Inhibition of Neutrophil-Mediated Oxidative Burst Leishmania

1 Immunobiology Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares “Carlos III”, Madrid, Spain, 2 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 3 Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
Unlicensed Spectrum Forecasting: An Interference Umbrella Based on Channel Analysis and Machine Learning

In this work a novel framework for predicting future interference levels for IEEE 802.11 networks is developed and experimentally evaluated. At the heart of the framework lies a modelling mechanism which is able to estimate and determine in real-time, the over-the-air performance that each network user will receive over an IEEE 802.11 link, when considering and combining multiple wireless metrics, without requiring a network association (Wi-Fi AP-STA) to be performed. On top of the solution, a Machine Learning approach is integrated, in order to project the real-time predictions to long-term predictions in the future (2-hour interval). Additionally, the framework applies a self-correcting mechanism for the predictions, by extracting short-term predictions and accurate throughput calculations, when the current channel conditions largely differ from the long-term predictions. The proposed framework covers comprehensively the cases of interference created by either 802.11 or non 802.11 devices, which may occur at the target or at any overlapping wireless channel. Finally, extensive testbed experimentation proves the framework's proper functionality and accuracy, under the cases of both Indoor (controlled interference) and Outdoor (uncontrolled massive interference) environments.