Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A CRAM(cid:19)ER TYPE THEOREM FOR WEIGHTED RANDOM VARIABLES

A Large Deviation Principle (LDP) is proved for the family 1 n where 1 n P n 1 (cid:14) x ni converges weakly to a probability measure R and ( Z i ) i 2 N are R d -valued independent and identically distributed random variables having some exponential moments, i.e. The main improvement of this work is the relaxation of the steepness assumption concerning the cumulant generating function of the variables ( Z i ) i 2 N . In fact, G¨artner-Ellis’ theorem is no longer available in this situation. As an application, we derive a LDP for the family of empirical measures 1 n These measures are of interest in estimation theory (see Gamboa et al. [7], [12], Csiszar et al. , [6]), gas theory (see Ellis et al. [11], van den Berg et al. [22]), etc. We also derive LDPs for empirical processes in the spirit of Mogul’skii’s theorem. Various examples illustrate the scope of our results. deviations, empirical means, empirical measures, maximum entropy on the mean.
In vitro glucuronidation of fenofibric acid by human UGTs and liver microsomes.

Fenofibric acid (FA), the active moiety of fenofibrate, is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor-alpha that modulates triglyceride and cholesterol profiles. Lipid response to fenofibrate and FA serum concentrations are highly variable. Although FA is reported to be almost exclusively inactivated by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) into FA-glucuronide (FA-G), the contribution of UGT isoenzymes has never been systematically assessed. Heterologously-expressed human UGT1A and UGT2B and their coding variants were tested for FA glucuronidation using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Recombinant UGT2B7 presented the highest Vmax/Km value (2.10 μ l/min/mg), 16-fold higher than the activity of other reactive UGTs, namely UGT1A3, UGT1A6 and UGT1A9 (0.13, 0.09 and 0.02 μ l/min/mg respectively). UGT2B7.1 (H 268 ) and 2B7.2 (Y 268 ) enzyme activity was similar while UGT1A3.2 (R 11 A 47 ), UGT1A3.3 (R 11 ) and UGT1A9.3 (T 33 ) showed 61-96% reduced Vmax/Km values compared with the respective (.1) reference proteins. FA-G formation by a human liver bank (n=48) varied by 10-fold but the rate of formation was not associated with common genetic variations in UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 . Correlation with activities for the probe substrates zidovudine (UGT2B7; r 2 = 0.75), mycophenolic acid (UGT1A9; r 2 = 0.42); fulvestrant (UGT1A3; r 2 = 0.36) but not serotonin (UGT1A6; r 2 = 0.06), indicated a primary role for UGT2B7 roles of UGT1A9 UGT1A3 in hepatic FA glucuronidation. confirmed a strong correlation of FA-G formation with UGT2B7 protein content and inhibition fluconazole, UGT2B7 selective inhibitor. to genetic factors contributing to the observed FA glucuronidation variability.
Scheduling Removals for Fuels Management

— We explore management science options for scheduling the placement of fuels reductions. First, we look at approaches for creating and maintaining a pre-specified set of forest conditions that are deemed desirable from a fuels management perspective. This approach is difficult because the pre-specified forest is hard to determine and because it is an any-aged forest management problem that is intrinsically nonlinear. Second, we look at capturing the spatial relationships suggested by fire behavior in long-term fuels management. This approach is difficult because fire origins and behavior can be quite random and unpredictable. It is necessary to accept a particular fire event (analogous to the 500-year flood in flood-control planning) as the target for fuels management. Overall, we conclude that long-term fuels management presents a formidable problem for management scientists. Numerically intense stochastic programming methods, such as Monte Carlo repetitions with a fire simulator, may be the most promising approach.
A multicenter, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of a novel infant formula on the body composition of infants: INNOVA 2020 study protocol

Background: Breastmilk is the ideal food for infants and exclusive breastfeeding is recommended. In the clinical trial aimed to evaluate a new starting formula on weight gain of infants up to 6 and 12 months. The novel formula was compared with a standard formula and breastfeeding, the latter being used as the reference method. Methods: 210 infants (70/group) were enrolled in the study, and completed the intervention until 12 months of age. For the intervention period, infants were divided into three groups: group 1 received the formula 1 (Nutriben Innova(R)1 or INN), with a lower amount of protein, and enriched in -lactalbumin protein, and with double amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/ arachidonic acid (ARA) than the standard formula; it also contained a thermally inactivated postbiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BPL1TM HT). Group 2 received the standard formula or formula 2 (Nutriben(R) or STD) and the third group was exclusively breastfed for exploratory analysis. During the study, visits were made at 21 days, 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age, with {+/-} 3 days for the visit at 21 days of age, {+/-} 1 week for the visit at 2 months, and {+/-} 2 weeks for the others. Discussion: The findings of this study will provide evidence regarding the beneficial health effects of having a novel starting infant formula with reduced levels of protein, enriched in -lactalbumin, and increased levels of DHA and ARA, and containing a postbiotic, compared with infants fed standard formula.
Risk factors for gallstone disease onset in Japan: Findings from the Shizuoka Study, a population-based cohort study

In the research literature on factors associated with gallstones, large population-based cohort studies are rare. We carried out a study of this type to explore risk factors for the onset of gallstones. This study included Japanese participants aged 40-107 years who were followed prospectively from January 2012 to September 2020 using a dataset composed of two individually linked databases, one containing annual health checkup records and the other containing medical claims for beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance System and the Medical Care System for Elderly in the Latter Stage of Life in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Among the 611,930 participants in the analysis set, 23,843 (3.9%) were diagnosed with gallstones during the observational period (median [max]: 5.68 [7.5] years). Multivariate analysis revealed that risk of gallstone disease was increased by male sex, cerebrovascular disease, any malignancy, dementia, rheumatic disease, chronic pulmonary disease, hypertension, and H. pylori-infected gastritis. These findings provide essential insights into the etiology of cholelithiasis and may contribute to efforts to reduce the incidence of the disease.
Query Optimization in Cooperation with an Ontological Reasoning Service

—Interposing a backward chaining reasoner between a knowledge base and a query manager yields an architecture that can support reasoning in the face of frequent changes. However, such an interposition of the reasoning introduces uncertainty regarding the size and effort measurements typically exploited during query optimization. This paper presents an algorithm for dynamic query optimization in such an architecture. Experimental results confirming its effectiveness are presented.
The Alternative Sigma Factor (cid:2) H Is Required for Toxin Gene Expression by Bacillus anthracis (cid:1)

Expression of the structural genes for the anthrax toxin proteins is coordinately controlled by host-related signals, such as elevated CO 2 , and the trans -acting positive regulator AtxA. In addition to these requirements, toxin gene expression is under growth phase regulation. The transition state regulator AbrB represses atxA expression to inﬂuence toxin synthesis. During the late exponential phase of growth, when AbrB levels begin to decrease, toxin synthesis increases. Here we report that toxin gene expression also requires the presence of sigH , a gene encoding the RNA polymerase sigma factor associated with development in Bacillus subtilis . In the well-studied B. subtilis system, (cid:1) H is required for sporulation and other post-exponential-phase processes and is part of a feedback control pathway for abrB expression. Our data indicate that a Bacillus anthracis sigH -null mutant is asporogenous and toxin deﬁcient. Yet the sigma factor is required for toxin gene expression in a manner that is independent of the pathway leading to post-exponential-phase gene expression. (cid:1) H positively controls atxA in an AbrB-independent manner. These ﬁndings, combined with previous observations, suggest that the steady-state level of atxA expression is critical for optimal toxin gene transcription. We propose a model whereby, under toxin-inducing growth conditions, control of toxin gene expression is ﬁne-tuned by the independent effects of (cid:1) H and AbrB on the expression of atxA . Expression of the structural genes for the anthrax toxin proteins PagA (protective antigen),
Index picture selection for automatically divided video segments

— The methods described in this paper are capable of analyzing and processing videos without any meta-information to divide continuous videos into segments without human interaction, and to select index pictures from segments. In the automatic video segmentation procedure pictures are sampled, the differences between them are measured, and 1-dimensional clustering – as contribution of the paper – is used to filter out the non-adequate segment border candidates in the segmentation. Further contribution of the paper is the construction of two factors of similarity among pictures, the common similarity indicator taking the semantic information into consideration, and the last step of the index picture selection: the adaptation of k-means++ clustering for the similarity-based picture set, where the distances among images are not available.
1 General introduction. Nerve surgery and gene therapy: a neurobiological and clinical perspective

Despite major microsurgical improvements the clinical outcome of peripheral nerve surgery is still regarded as suboptimal. Over the past decade several innovative techniques have been developed to extend the armamentarium of the nerve surgeon. Th is review evaluates the potential of gene therapy in the context of peripheral nerve repair. First the main challenges impeding peripheral nerve regeneration are presented. Th is is followed by a short introduction into gene therapy and an overview of its most important advantages over the classical delivery of therapeutic proteins. Next, this review focuses on the most promising viral vectors capable of targeting the peripheral nervous system and their fi rst application in animal models. In addition, the challenges of translating these experimental results to the clinic, the limitations of current vectors and the further developments needed, are discussed. Finally, four strategies are presented on how gene therapy could help patients that have to undergo reconstructive nerve surgery in the future.
Technical Efficiency of Apparel Industry in India at Firm Level

The current paper analyzed the technical efficiency of Indian textile in Wearing and Apparel firms using Data Envelopment Analysis Model. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a post ante analysis based on the past performance cross-sectional view of several organizational units in a given single period, as measured by their multiple inputs and outputs. We classify the units into two groups, efficient and inefficient, in the pareto sense. The study finds Individual Proprietorship has higher (grand) technical efficiency (rank-1). In the remaining organization type Partnership (rank-2) had the highest grand efficiency. Then public limited companies and Private Limited Company have a rank of 3 and 4 respectively. Among the selected Indian states firms from the state of Andhra Pradesh performed at higher average levels of technical efficiency with respect to both their state frontier and a grand frontier applicable to firms from all states.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEPATIC COPPER CONCENTRATION AND LIVER ENZYMES ACTIVITY LEVELS IN BUFFALOES

This study was conducted on 35 buffalo calves, which were randomly collected from a buffalo farm. All calves were classified according to the determination of hepatic and serum Cu concentration. (10) of them considered as a control group, while the rest ( 25) considered as cu accumulated group. All calves were slaughtered in Bani Adi slaughter house (Assiut, Egypt). Blood and liver samples were collected during ordinary slaughter of the animals. Serum samples used for determination of serum copper concentration, ceruloplasmin (CP) activity, and hepatic enzyme activities (AST and GGT). Cu concentration was determined in the liver samples and feed stuffs. Results showed that the mean value of both AST and GGT enzymes activity were significant (p<0.01) and (p< 0.05) increased in the cu accumulated group than the control one. The mean values of serum cu and hepatic cu were significant (p<0.01) increase in the cu accumulated group than the control group and also for molybdenum while for cereloplasmin was non-significant. The mean value of cu concentration in barseem, wheat straw and concentrates were evaluated. Significant correlation between hepatic Cu accumulation, serum AST activity and serum GGT activity were recorded in this study. Analysis of Cu content in the liver with determination of both AST and GGT enzymes activity is probably the best diagnostic tool currently available for assessing the risk of increase cu accumulation.
Bile Culture Results of Benign Biliary Obstruction: No Evidence of Infection and Prolonged Antibiotic Use

Aims: To identify the presence of organism growth in bile culture to determine the need forprolonged antibiotic use. Case Description: We reported five cases of benign biliary obstruction due to common bile duct stone. All patients presented with abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant for months. On physical examination, tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and positive murphy sign were found. The ultrasound examination showed the presence of bile stones in all patients and multiple bile stones in two patients. Cholecystectomy, Conclusion: In our clinical practices, we found no evidence of bacterial colonization in this benign biliary obstruction case. Bile culture can be performed to determine antibiotic use, thereby avoiding unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Conserved Changes in Envelope Function during Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Coreceptor Switching (cid:1)

We studied the evolution of human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope function during the process of coreceptor switching from CCR5 to CXCR4. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce most of the possible intermediate mutations in the envelope for four distinct coreceptor switch mutants, each with a unique pattern of CCR5 and CXCR4 utilization that extended from highly efﬁcient use of both coreceptors to sole use of CXCR4. Mutated envelopes with some preservation of entry function on either CCR5- or CXCR4-expressing target cells were further characterized for their sensitivity to CCR5 or CXCR4 inhibitors, soluble CD4, and the neutralizing antibodies b12-IgG and 4E10. A subset of mutated envelopes was also studied in direct CD4 or CCR5 binding assays and in envelope-mediated fusion reactions. Coreceptor switch intermediates displayed increased sensitivity to CCR5 inhibitors (except for a few envelopes with mutations in V2 or C2) that correlated with a loss in CCR5 binding. As use of CXCR4 improved, infection mediated by the mutated envelopes became more resistant to soluble CD4 inhibition and direct binding to CD4 increased. These changes were accompanied by increasing resistance to the CXCR4 inhibitor ( P (cid:9) 0.05) for all inhibitors studied. The same 4-log-unit scale was used for different inhibitors to facilitate
EFFECTS OF LOW Co 60 GAMMA RADIATION ON MICROBIAL FLORA AND SHELF LIFE OF PEANUTS

The present study aimed at reducing the microbial content thereby enhancing the shelf life of peanuts through Co 60 gamma irradiation dose optimization. Peanut pods were obtained from local fruit market of Lahore and were shelled under hygienic conditions that were later subjected to irradiation at 0.3, 0.75, 0.9kGy of doses. Effect of radiation treatment on microbial quality and insect infestation of samples kept at room temperature was analysed after every 30 days of interval for up to 60 days. Total bacterial count obtained for all samples ranged from 10 5 to 10 6 whereas no log reduction was observed in treated samples as compared to control. No gram negative Enterobactereace were observed either in control or treated samples. All doses were able to reduce fungal growth to 10 4 that remained persistent throughout the experimental period. Fungal species identified were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarrium spp. , Penicillum spp. and Rhizophus spp. Conclusively, low Cobalt-60 gamma irradiation treatment could prove effective if combined with physical or chemical treatments before packaging.
The role of Birkeland currents in the Dungey cycle

The interaction of the solar wind with the near-Earth environment forms Earth’s magnetosphere and drives a process called the Dungey Cycle. Birkeland currents are required to transmit stress within the system. This thesis uses large-scale, statistical analysis (both temporal and spatial) to examine their magnitude and spatial extent in the context of the Dungey Cycle. Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) data are processed; the methodology is described and the success rate examined before the regions 1 and 2 Birkeland current magnitudes are explicitly compared to dayside and nightside reconnection rate for the first time. The magnitudes of the currents are well-correlated with both, suggesting that magnetic reconnection on day and nightside is driving higher Birkeland current magnitudes. The behaviour of the R1 and R2 currents is examined in a superposed epoch analysis of 2900 substorms identified by SuperMAG. Both current systems increase in magnitude and spatial extent during the growth phase of a substorm, peaking shortly after expansion phase onset. This analysis yields new information about how the currents react to the substorm cycle. A seasonal and a diurnal variation in the Birkeland current magnitudes is described and linked to the effect of ionospheric conductance; this is explored further, and it is found that currents are well-described by multiplying the dayside reconnection rate by an number representing the global variation of conductance with UT. This thesis presents evidence that Birkeland current magnitudes are consistent with driving by ionospheric convection, which is in turn driven by magnetic reconnection on both the dayside and the nightside. It is also demonstrated that the current ovals measured by AMPERE expand and contract with magnetic reconnection as open flux is added to and removed from the polar cap. These insights are expanded upon with ideas for future research.
NDT Digest Vasculitis—when can biopsy be avoided?

Vasculitis is a potentially avoidable and reversible cause of endstage renal disease (ESRD), and small-vessel vasculitis is the most common cause of the syndrome of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Delayed diagnosis or inadequate treatment fails the vasculitis patient and greatly increases their risk of ESRD and premature death. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is the major subgroup, with immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (Henoch– Schönlein purpura), cryoglobulinaemia and anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease being less frequent [1]. Haematuria with proteinuria is universal, but proteinuria can be low level; red cell casts, if seen, are strongly suggestive for vasculitis and rapidly declining renal function is often present. Renal biopsy remains the definitive investigation and should always be considered in the diagnostic workup. However, shortly after the introduction of widespread ANCA testing a debate began as to whether biopsy can be avoided in AAV. The arguments underlying this decision are reviewed and opinion-based rather than evidence-driven advice is given.
Co-expression and transcriptional regulation network analysis of PD-L1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma

[Abstract] (cid:542) Objective (cid:542) To construct a programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) co-expression network in lung squamous cell carcinoma, screen potential PD-L1 co-expression biomarkers, and try to find the genes and pathways participating in PD-L1-regulated tumor immune response. Methods (cid:542) The lung squamous cell carcinoma dataset extracted from TCGA was used to screen the co-expression genes of PD-L1 at the whole-genome transcriptional level by Venny analysis, and the target genes were screened by multiple types of cluster and molecular network analysis to construct a PD-L1 co-expression network. Results (cid:542) A total of 126 genes moderately co-expressed with PD-L1 were retrieved, most of them are plasma membrane targeting genes participating in immune response. Three transcription factors (IRF2/NFKB1/IRF1) were involved in more than 30% the regulation of the PD-L1 genes transcription. By screening the core molecules of co-expression of PD-L1 gene set and analyzing the connectivity of network node, 6 network nodes genes with the highest connectivity were retrieved as follows: IFNG, JAK2, STAT1, CTLA4, CD80 and CCR5. Analysis of the relations of the different expression levels of these genes to the survival situation of patients with lung cancer revealed that CCR5 was a significant prognostic marker. Analysis of the PD-L1 expression and CCR5 gene spectrum data showed the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.47( P <0.05); GO-BP cluster analysis showed that the function of CCR5 mainly focused on immune regulation, T cell regulation and signal transduction, in accordance with the PD-L1 function of network regulation. Conclusions (cid:542) The main nodes of PD-L1 co-expressing gene set are immune-related molecules, among which IFNG/CCR5/NFKB1
Eﬀect of hydrodynamic slip on the rotational dynamics of a thin Brownian platelet in shear ﬂow

The classical theory by Jeffery predicts that, in the absence of Brownian ﬂuctuations, a thin rigid platelet rotates continuously in a shear ﬂow, performing periodic orbits. However, a stable orientation is possible if the surface of the platelet displays a hydrodynamic slip length λ comparable to or larger than the thickness of the platelet. In this article, by solving the Fokker–Plank equation for the orientation distribution function and corroborating the analysis with boundary integral simulations, we quantify a threshold Péclet number, Pe c , above which such alignment occurs. We found that for Pe smaller than Pe c , but larger than a second threshold, a regime emerges where Brownian ﬂuctuations are strong enough to break the platelet’s alignment and induce rotations, but with a period of rotation that depends on the value of λ . For Pe below this second threshold, slip has a negligible effect on the orientational dynamics. We use these thresholds to classify the dynamics of graphene-like nanoplatelets for realistic values of λ and apply our results to the quantiﬁcation of the orientational contribution to the effective viscosity of a dilute suspension of nanoplatelets with slip. We ﬁnd a non-monotonic variation of this term, with a minimum occurring when the slip length is comparable to the thickness of the particle.