Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IN SEARCH OF A REALITY: MODELS AND MODELISATION IN SCIENCE TEACHING ACCORDING TO THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF MARIO BUNGE

In this work we present some critics of the constructivist movement who over-valued the action of the subject in detriment to the intrinsic value of scientific knowledge. For us, this is a epistemological consequence, related to the way Thomas Kuhn's ideas were incorporated into Science Education. We present the ideas of Mario Bunge on the role of models in science trying to obtain harmony between the individuals constructions and the empirical domain.
Introduction à la biométrie authentification des individus par traitement audio-vidéo

Biometrics, which refers to identifying an individual based on his/her physical or behavioral characteristics, has gained in popularity among researchers in signal processing during recent years. It has also focused the attention of medias since the tragic events of September 11th, 2001. We first introduce the notion of biometrics. Then, we describe the architecture of biometric systems and the metrics used to evaluate their performances. We briefly discuss the most common biometrics and the different ways to combine them to obtain multimodal systems. Finally, we present applications of biometrics.
A NEW WATERMARKING FEATURE BASED ON REVERSIBLE COLOR-TO-GRAYSCALE CONVERSION

: Visible Digital watermarking is a technique that embeds copyright information perceptibly within the image to prevent explicit use of multimedia content. There are numerous applications that require user authentication to make the original image content available. In this paper a new watermarking feature based on reversible color to gray scale conversion is introduced. Initially input host image and trained image are given to feature point database block to extract the feature points. Next the both host image and trained image will match the points. If there is any error, then that error will be diffused using filtering process H. Next the data will be extracted based on luminance and quantized based on color. Color to index mapping will be performed to the quantized data. At last the data will be extracted from exact location by the descriptor. Hence this new watermarking feature based on reversible color to gray scale conversion gives effective output by reducing the errors.
The Effect of Static Stretch and Dynamic Range of Motion Training on the Flexibility of the Hamstring Muscle

Introduction: A normal flexibility is required for an appropriate posture and entire activity in daily life. Hamstring is the muscle that is more prone for tightness. It present in all age groups and it increases with age and more over it is the muscle that is most prone to injuries during sporting activities. With regard to various methods that contribute to increasing flexibility of hamstring muscles, the current study aimed at investigating immediate effects of static stretching and dynamic range of motion training on hamstring flexibility increasing muscle flexibility. Methodology: 30 patients, age range 21-50 years, diagnosed with the Population who had hamstring tightness and divided equally into two groups-Group A and Group B . In Group B-Static Stretch exercise and in Group A-Dynamic Range of Motion Training exercise. Result: Pre and post evaluation of active knee extension test was taken. Result shows that there was significant improvement noted in both the groups (GROUP A: P value .000, t value:-17.9) and (GROUP B: P value: .000, t value:-17.6) Conclusion: Both the static stretch and dynamic exercise can be considered as an effective method for increasing flexibility and improving functions with hamstring tightness patients. Key words: Hamstring flexibility, Dynamic range of motion, and static stretch.
Application of the generalized spectral-domain technique to the analysis of rectangular waveguides with rectangular and circular metal inserts

The generalized spectral-domain (GSD) technique, which was previously developed and tested for some special cases by the authors (see ibid., vol.37, p.1924-32, 1989), is applied to the analysis of rectangular waveguides with rectangular and circular metal inserts. These include conventional ridge waveguides, circular-ridge waveguides, and rectangular coaxial lines, with either rectangular or circular inner conductors. The numerical results show that a previously published description of the edge behavior of the electromagnetic field is incomplete. A constant term must be added to the expansion of the magnetic field component which is parallel to the edge. Excellent agreement with other published analysis data is achieved, with a drastic reduction of CPU time for the conventional ridge waveguide. The accuracy of the results is demonstrated by two- and three-dimensional plots of the field distributions. >
The Influence of Bunches Thinning and Pesticides on Some Traits and the Rate of Infection with Lesser Date Moth in Date Palm

The experiment was carried out in one of the private palm orchards infested with the lesser date moth (Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick) in the village of AL-Bualay AL-Jassim 8 km northwest of Ramadi during the season 2020, with the aim of studying the influence of bunches thinning and pesticides on some of physical and chemical and productivity and rate of infection with lesser date moth on date palm. The results revealed that the thinning factors C1(6 bunch) and C2 (8 bunch) date palm-1 reduce rate of infestation of the lesser date moth after 14 days of spraying pesticides at rates of 20.80 and 23.10% compared to the control treatment (28.30%). The pesticide A2 (Matrixine plus) outperformed in reducing the rate of infection after 7, 14, 21 days with an average of 6.34, 16.10, and 26.10% respectively, these rates were increased in the control treatment (11.88 and 31.30 and 61.90%) respectively. On the other hand, treatments 6 and 8 bunch outperformed the control treatment in terms of fruit setting, increased ripening rate and reduced khalal ratio, with rates of (76.33 and 73.78%), (50.00 and 50.11%), and (50.00 and 50.00%) respectively. The results confirmed that there were no significant differences between the thinning treatments on the total yield between treatments and their interactions. When using the pesticide A2, it caused a significant increase in the rate of ripening and a decrease in the percentage of khalal with rates of 56.22 and 43.78% respectively. The results indicate outperformed of the thinning treatment C2 and pesticide treatment A2 in phosphor, nitrogen, and potassium percent in fruits with an average of (0.0806,0.0820%), (0.4022,0.3989%), and (0.6856,0.6933%) respectively. These values decreased in the control treatment by rates of (0.0766 and 0.0750%), (0.3767 and 0.3767%), and (0.6422 and 0.6356%) respectively.
Hypertension, lifestyle and risk factors: a review

Hypertension is the elevation of blood pressure. The increase in the prevalence of hypertension is associated with the increase in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases. It was reported that hypertension was associated with several risk factors. In this review, we aimed to assess the risk factors of hypertension and associated lifestyle. Scientific websites, such as Pubmed, were used to search for articles related to the current subject. We used several keywords to obtain all possible articles such as hypertension, hypertension risk factors and lifestyle changes. We obtained 25 articles, 18 were excluded and 7 articles were included in this review. The risk factors of hypertension vary with different countries and areas. The key factors to decrease the prevalence of hypertension is lifestyle change and adherence to this change.
Fast locking scheme for PLL frequency synthesiser

A phase-locked loop (PLL) with a fast-locked nonlinear phase frequency detector (PFD) is presented. Compared with the conventional discriminator-aided phase detector, the proposed fast-locked PFD can further reduce the PLL acquisition time while the loop stability remains unchanged. Moreover, the new architecture can decrease the capacitance value and the charge-pump current to 1/k of a conventional one as the loop bandwidth increases k times, thus saving substantial area and power.
Letter to the Editor: On Islanding Operation in Systems with Distributed Generation

Abstract The operation of distributed generation as an island is still the subject of discussion between utilities and customers, both as owners of distributed generators. For the utility company, operation in an island of generators (islanding) whose control is in the consumers' hands, could cause a high risk of equipment failure and compromise personnel safety. Thus, utilities are normally opposed to islanding and demand immediate disconnection in case of power supply shutdown. On the other hand, for customers who own distributed generation, islanding can represent the continuity of operation under conditions of reduced power, lower power quality, and limited production capability with much smaller economic losses to those who would experience deep voltage sags or total blackout.
DESTINATION REBRANDING PARADIGM IN ZIMBABWE: A STAKEHOLDER APPROACH

The main aim of this paper is to explore stakeholder involvement in the development of a brand as well as in the rebranding exercise in order to produce high brand value. Most researchers concur that stakeholders play an imperative role in destination branding as they deal directly with the tourists. The tourism industry as a whole is characterized by intangible services which require proper management. The intangibility of these tourism products and services determine a destination's possibility of being chosen by potential tourists. A positive image will attract tourists, allow revisits as well as attracts new customers be it via marketing or word-of-mouth as well as enhancing customer satisfaction. Based on literature review, a conceptual model on attaining high brand value is proposed. Brand image; brand awareness as well as brand loyalty in relation to stakeholder influence were reviewed since they have an effect on brand value. The paper observes the importance of stakeholders in destination rebranding.
Design evolution through customer interaction with functional prototypes

There can be a tendency, even within companies who practice concurrent engineering, to limit customer involvement to the initial and final stages of the new product development process only. This invites the possibility that the customers' opinions will be lost or at least diluted during the intermediate stages of the process. A joint research project involving Loughborough University and the Central University of Technology, Free State has provided evidence, through several case studies, that physical models created via rapid prototyping enable the customer to be involved throughout the development process. The benefits associated with using physical models are discussed, showing that these models have a unique role to play in promoting customer involvement. The authors propose the method termed Customer Interaction with Functional Prototypes, which has been implemented during several new product development projects carried out in both academic and industrial environments. At present, the Customer Interaction with Functional Prototypes method is suitable for facilitating customer interaction primarily with the aesthetic and ergonomic aspects of simple consumer products or with stand-alone subsystems of more complex products. The method compliments the use of virtual prototyping and design analysis required to optimize the functional aspects of a product through the application of engineering science.
Rechargeable Flexible Paper Battery using PAV, PSSPEDOT Polymer

The main idea of this research is to design a rechargeable paper battery from local cheap and available materials. The practical part is represented by adding Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to conductive polymer (PSS PEDOT) with adding different mineral salts for then study the quantum of electrical conductivity and heat influence on electrical conductivity and acidity factors of the Electrolyte solution.The next step was to produce a rechargeable, flexible battery manufactured from regular cellulose paper, sulfone, and ionic solution.The measurements were made using modern laboratory devices to study the electrical properties, conductivity, resistance (Hall Effect), and voltage quantum of the ionic solution. Through the results we obtained, we noticed an increase in the conductivity of the ionic solution when adding mineral salts. The voltage quantum of one battery ranged between 0.3-0.3 volts, also several batteries were connected in series, and the result was 1.8 volts. Manufactured paper batteries can be recharged with a direct current source and recover their efficiency marked up 98-99%.
Deterioration characterization of land cover and land use in Muqdadiya district center for the period 1995 to 2019

The research dealt with the analysis of environmental changes in the types of land cover and land uses within the Muqdadiyah district center in Diyala governorate and revealed between 1995 and 2019 in order to determine the environmental deterioration of the land cover and land uses and the resulting environmental changes. For the American satellite (Landsat). It turned out that there were changes during the research period, as the amount of change in the area of agricultural land amounted to (-91,16) km2, and the area of pastures decreased as the amount of change reached (-39.89) km2, while the amount of change in the area of urbanization was (44, 38) km2, while the change amount was recorded (100,19) km2 for barren lands, which means a decrease in the area of agricultural and pasture lands in favor of built-up lands and barren lands, which negatively affected the biodiversity within the study area.
Branding.com: On-Line Branding for Marketing Success

From the Publisher: Branding.com is your guide to developing an online branding strategy that fits seamlessly with your marketing plan while adapting to the unique conditions of the Web. You'll learn how to transform your brand from a "thing" to an "experience" one that your customers will not only remember but actively seek online. If marketing options such as rich media, interstitials, and virtual communities make your head spin, take heart. Branding.com goes far beyond website banner advertising to explain how many new technologies work and how some companies are using them to great advantage. You'll discover which methods boast the greatest potential for brand-linked recall, which are considered most annoying to consumers, and which might be right for your brand, in the context of your online branding strategy. From the overnight marketing success (and sob) stories of the dot-corns to the triumphs and failures of traditional, offline brands, Branding.com reveals why certain companies made the choices they did when designing their websites, selecting their technologies, or reexamining their brand objectives in the context of the new medium. Lessons from the front highlight the responsive, forward-thinking Web marketing tactics of companies such as: Volvo, which uses the Web to help its brand become hipper Avon, whose virtual beauty consultant stands in for the Avon Lady The Sharper Image, which relies on three dimensional product views to simulate the in-store experience customers have always valued Like it or not, your website is affecting your brand at this very moment-and the impression may not be what you would wish. Branding.com explains what makes a website powerful, shows you how to take your site beyond stickiness to achieve magnet status, and reveals the biggest site killers (outdated information is number one). You'll also learn more about: Click-through, and why it is only appropriate for measuring response, not brand awareness The surprising cost-effectiveness of Web advertising Why some marketers argue that the Web is best suited for brand preference rather than brand awareness-and how emerging formats such as rich media and interstitials are proving them wrong For a thorough introduction to Web marketing and an engaging account of current and future technologies and their applications, Branding.com is the book you'll want at your fingertips as you prepare to meet the enormous challenge of taking your brand online.
Organizations and Environments

When Organizations and Environments was originally issued in 1979, it increased interest in evolutionary explanations of organizational change. Since then, scholars and practitioners have widely cited the book for its innovative answer to this question: Under what conditions do organizations change? Aldrich achieves theoretical integration across 13 chapters by using an evolutionary model that captures the essential features of relations between organizations and their environments. This model explains organizational change by focusing on the processes of variation, selection, retention, and struggle. The "environment," as conceived by Aldrich, does not refer simply to elements "out there"-beyond a set of focal organizations-but rather to concentrations of resources, power, political domination, and most concretely, other organizations. Scholars using Aldrich's model have examined the societal context within which founders create organizations and whether those organizations survive or fail, rise to prominence, or sink into obscurity. A preface to the reprinted edition frames the utility of this classic for tomorrow's researchers and businesspeople.
The changes and influencing factors of urban LUCC and EF footprint in energy resource areas: An empirical evidence from China using HLM model

Analyzing urban land use and cover change and its influence factors are of great significance for understanding the situation of regional development and environmental constraints and for evaluating the ability of sustainable development. This paper calculates the three-dimensional ecological footprint and total factor productivity of research cities, these cities have significant individual differences,Yinchuan, Shizuishan, Yan ‘an, Yulin, Ganzhou, Shaoguan etc. are energy resource areas and comparing to those Guangzhou, Dongguan, Wuzhong, Qingyuan etc. are non-energy resource leading cities. The HLM model is used to decompose the influencing factors of three-dimensional ecological footprint. The study shows the important role of total factor productivity in regional and urban sustainable development. Also, the study shows the inter-group differences of three-dimensional ecological footprint produced by cities with different population sizes. And the inter-group difference of urban three-dimensional ecological footprint under the influence of total factor productivity. Result shows that land, population and technology factors have different impacts on three-dimensional ecological footprint. Also, relying mainly on mining areas of energy resources and other industries dominated areas of mining land proportion and industrial structure differences did not lead to the influence of different ecological footprint, energy resource area in affecting factors, the ecological footprint is still a total factor plays the leading role of ecological rate, population and real GDP, There is no obvious negative externality effect of mining activities on the value of regional ecological products, and the regional ecological carrying capacity keeps improving.
The Effect Irrigation Scheduling and Potassium Fertilization on Water Consumption of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Under Modern Irrigation Systems

A field experiment was conducted in Yusufiya sub-district - Mahmudiya township/Baghdad governorate in silty loam texture soil during the spring season of 2020. The experiment included three treatments with three replicates, as the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used according to the arrangement of the split design block. The treatments are in the irrigation system, which included surface drip irrigation (T1) and sprinkler irrigation (T2). Secondly, the Irrigation levels including the irrigation using 0.70 Pan Evaporation Fraction PEF (I1), irrigation using 1.00 PEF (I2), and irrigation using 1.30 PEF (I3). Coupled with, Potassium fertilization treatments that include (0.0 kg k ha-1 (K1), 150 kg k ha-1 (K2) and 300 kg k ha-1 (K3)). The results showed that the actual seasonal water consumption reached its peak at irrigation level I1, which reached 390.03 and 256.41 mm for the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. However, the actual seasonal water consumption at irrigation level I2 was 373.92 and 255.63, and it was 353.82 and T255.15 mm at irrigation level I3 for the sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, respectively. The lowest values of the crop coefficient at the tuber maturity stage using the sprinkler irrigation system were 0.49, 0.46, and 0.44, and at the vegetative growth stage using the surface drip irrigation system by 0.37, 0.32, and 0.38 for irrigation levels I1, I2, and I3, respectively. Even though the greatest values were in the tuber Initiation and bulking stages, as they reached 0.86, 0.66, and 0.79 using the sprinkler irrigation system, while they reached 0.49, 0.54, and 0.51 using the surface drip irrigation system for I1, I2, and I3 levels, respectively. The highest water productivity for treatment I3K3 was 15.70 and 27.20 kg m-3 of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. In contrast, the lowest water productivity was 8.73 and 17.72 kg m-3 for treatment I1K1 of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Whereas, the highest value of crop water use efficiency was 11.70 and 17.58 kg m-3 for I3K3 treatment of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Although, the lowest value of crop water use efficiency was 6.71 and 11.49 kg m-3 for I1K1 treatment of sprinkler and surface drip irrigation systems, respectively. Lastly, the highest yield was 44.87 Mg ha-1 at treatment T1I3K3.
Overview of ARQMath 2020 (Updated Working Notes Version): CLEF Lab on Answer Retrieval for Questions on Math

The ARQMath Lab at CLEF considers ﬁnding answers to new mathematical questions among posted answers on a community question answering site (Math Stack Exchange). Queries are question posts held out from the searched collection, each containing both text and at least one formula. This is a challenging task, as both math and text may be needed to ﬁnd relevant answer posts. ARQMath also includes a formula retrieval sub-task: individual formulas from question posts are used to locate formulae in earlier question and answer posts, with relevance determined considering the context of the post from which a query formula is taken, and the posts in which retrieved formulae appear.
Comment on cp-2021-123 Anonymous Referee # 3 Referee comment on " Uncertainties in the atmospheric loading to icesheet deposition for volcanic aerosols and implications for forcing reconstruction

This study investigates the scaling factors (or loading to deposition--LTD--factors) that are used to translate ice core sulfur measurements to estimates of the sulfate aerosol loading (or related quantities) from past large volcanic eruptions. This scaling procedure is a key step in the reconstruction of volcanic aerosol radiative forcing used in studies of past climate variability. The study revisits the estimates of Gao et al. (2007), which have been used in many subsequent reconstructions, and supplements that prior analysis with updated ice core data and some new analysis.