Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Energy Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) field is one of the emerging and fast-growing fields in the scientific world. This has brought about the development of low-cost, and multifunctional sensor nodes for easy and secure dissemination of information. Nonetheless, the problem of sensor nodes running out of energy quickly has been an issue. Many energyefficient routing algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem and preserve the longevity of the network. Most of the recent papers have shown so many protocols mainly designed to minimize energy consumption in the network but there are some limitations with regards to the area of operation and the optimization decisions. This paper proposes an Energy Efficiency Hierarchical Routing Technique (EEHRT) which is based on LEACH protocol to extend the lifespan of a WSN. In this work, the proposed Energy Efficient Hierarchical Routing Technique selects cluster heads based on the prediction of transmission energy through the shortest distance to the base station. Our approach rotates the role of Cluster Heads (CHs), and optimizes the CH selection by the prediction of energy transmission in every round and aggregating data before transmission to the BS. The important features which include member nodes formation and rotation, cluster head selection and rotation, and cluster optimization of our proposed hierarchical routing technique in transmitting data to the base station are analyzed and emphasized. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network, Base Station, Member Node, Clustering, LEACH, Hierarchy Proceedings Reference Format Benjamin Panful & Xie Zhibin (2021): Rural Women’s Access to Land and its Implications for Empowerment in Nigeria: The Case of Ilorin East Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Proceedings of the 28th iSTEAMS Intertertiary Multidisciplinary Conference. American International University West Africa, The Gambia. Series 28, Vol 3 October 2021. Pp 105-120 www.isteams. net/gambia2021. DOI - https://doi.org/
Noise reduction for LSTM using Wavelet Transform and Singular Spectrum Analysis

Time series prediction has always been a problem of great interest to the CS community, partly due to the practical applications but also due to the inherent complexities of time-dependent data. There are many traditional methods to analyse time-series data however they have always been limited by the pre-processing and understanding required to implement them (they require a deep understanding of the characteristics of the specific time dependence). RNN as created by [RHW86] offered a way to simply represent time series dependence in a Neural Network architecture. However, RNN’s have difficulty retaining the context of information as the gap separating the context information and the application location increase as detailed in [Col21], fortunately [Sch97] solved this problem by introducing the LSTM variant. These cells had the ability to learn the long-term dependencies that RNN cells had difficulty learning. These have become the default method for time-series analysis using deep networks as they have good predictive ability across a multitude of use cases.
Reduction of rotor loss in high-speed permanent magnet motors by design method

The rotor eddy current loss in high-speed permanent magnet brushless direct current motors is mainly caused by the space harmonics and time harmonics of armature current and the airgap permeance variation due to slot-openings.Rotor loss reduces the power efficiency and demagnetizes the magnets.From motor design aspect,the influences of various stator structures,slot opening width and airgap length on the rotor loss were studied through both analytical calculation and finite element simulation.The space harmonics of armature magnetic motive force were calculated by current-sheet method and Fourier analysis.Then the rotor loss was derived based on an improved model with the skin depth and the eddy current reaction field taken into account.The results show that 2poles-3slots nonoverlapping motor exhibits high evenorder space harmonics of stator magnetic motive force,and consequently causes much rotor loss.Different stator structures have an impact on the rotor eddy current loss and the rotor loss can be reduced by proper motor design.
Antibacterial and Anti virulence factors of Purified Dextran from Lactobacillus gasseri against Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The objective of the current study is to purify and characterize dextran from Lactobacillus gasseri and to detect its antivirulence factors against hemolysin, pyocyanin, and biofilm formation of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wounds and burns. Purification and characterization of dextran were carried out by a Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and a Fourier Trans Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Purified dextran obtained was white, granular, and easily soluble in water. TLC results showed that the purified dextran was composed of glucose only; while FTIR showed that dextran polysaccharide contained both (1-6) ∝D glucan and (1-3) ∝glucan. Antibacterial effect of purified dextran was determined against P.aeruginosa isolates using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) with concentrations ranging between 0.39 to 200 mg/ml; the MIC was 50 mg/ ml for all isolates. On the other hand, the effect of dextran on the virulence factors of P.aeruginosa was evaluated. Dextran inhibited hemolysin production of P.aeruginosa and the highest inhibition recorded was 29.03%. Pyocyanin production by P.aeruginosa clinical isolates was inhibited by dextran and the concentration was recorded between 2.28-2.35 μg/ml compared with 3.313. 39 μg/ml for control. The effect of purified dextran on biofilm formation was studied at different incubation periods (24, 48 and 72 h), the highest biofilm inhibition was observed after 72 h was 71.42 %, while the lowest inhibition after 24 h was 37.66% compared to control, which recorded 0% in the absence of dextran. In conclusion, the purified and characterized dextran from local L. gasseri had an inhibitory effect on the growth and virulence factors of clinical P. aeruginosa isolated from wounds and burns.
IMPLEMENTING GIS-BASED SYSTEM TO DOCUMENT CASES OF ABANDONED PROPERTIES BY FORCIBLY DISPLACED PEOPLE IN HONDURAS

Honduras for many years struggles with variety of criminal activities, including those related to drug trafficking and trade. Due to generalized violence and organized criminal gangs, around 41 000 households (174 000 persons) were internally displaced within 20 of the most affected municipalities, however, network of gangs extend throughout the country so the actual number could be higher. The report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons on his mission to Honduras reveals challenges that persist with regard to data and research in order to gain a full picture of displacement dynamics, trends and patterns. Thus, the objective of this thesis is implementation of GIS-based tool that will enable local authorities and humanitarian organizations to record cases where homes or property were abandoned. Facilitating stakeholders with a tool that is capable of instant data collection, aggregation, yet effortless visualization and analysis is intended to improve coherent respond to humanitarian crisis in Honduras. At present, data is collected through the network of churches that cooperate with the government and international relief actors, in the form of non-georeferenced addresses or even paper based maps, thus introducing modern GIS system will systematize and improve data collection process and enable rapid analysis in order to implement evidence based approach in circumstances where lack of vital cadastral registry makes ownership registration as well as property tenure verification Impossible. Due to high risk, data collection does not imply deploying staff to the location to conduct cadastral surveying therefore introducing GIS system will enable necessary data acquisition remotely. Prior to system implementation phase, different data collection approaches in opensource geospatial technology will be compared in order to roll out the most suitable solution.
Hemorrhoid Tablet from Black Mustard Seed and Banana Powder

The present study was aimed to investigate, develop and evaluate Antihemorrhoid tablets from black Mustard seed and Banana powder. Hemorrhoid is found most common gastrointestinal disorder. It is a chronic condition in are swollen and inflamed veins around your anus or in your lower rectum are called piles or hemorrhoids. The two types of hemorrhoids are 1) External hemorrhoids, which form under the skin around the anus 2) Internal hemorrhoids, which form in the lining of the anus and lower rectum. Allopathic treatment for hemorrhoids is too costly so focusing on herbal medicines is necessary. Black Mustard Seed in chemical constituent 35-40% of fixed oil, glycoside known as sinigrin and enzyme myrosin and Banana powder consists of numerous important active chemical constituent carbohydrate, sugar, dietary fiber, vitamins (vitamin C, choline, pyridoxine (B6), pantothenic acid (B5) from mustard seed powder and banana powder show antihemorrhagic activity. Manufacturing of tablets was done by using the wet granulation method on lab level tablet press (CEMACH) by the wet granulation method. Evaluations tests performed on tablets such as Hardness, Weight variation, friability, disintegration test, etc. *1Chavre Sagar Rajkumar, 2Kshirsagar A.D, 3Ambore S.M
Acoustic Signal Characteristics of Corona Discharge in Different Location of GIS

Metal burrs will appear in the high voltage conductor and ground cavity of gas insulated switchgear(GIS) in its manufacture,installation and transportation process.The metal burrs will lead to a corona discharge in operation process and endangering the normal operation of equipments.In order to study the corona partial discharge characteristics of different location in GIS,a 220 kV GIS bus bar cavity is used as a test object.Corona models in GIS are designed,and the partial discharge(PD) signal is obtained based on acoustic method.The experimental results indicate that the PD pattern,attenuation characteristics of signal amplitude and frequency component of acoustic signal have some difference in different location.The corona discharge in ground cavity has smaller amplitude,higher frequency component and severe attenuation than high voltage bar.The study provides experimental reference for PD detection,fault location and pattern recognition on GIS.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori and Its seasonality in Ilam, Iran

The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Ilam city, Western Iran, is not well understood. We conducted the current research to determine the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection in this city. A total of 1102 individuals (661 females and 441 males) older than12 years old were enrolled in the study. The bacterium was detected by the H. pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. The rate of H. pylori positivity in the sample population was 54.4% (n=600). No statistically significant association was found between gender and the prevalence of H. pylori (P value = 0.21). The highest H. pylori prevalence was observed in the summer (17.6%, n= 194); however, no statistically significant relationship was detected between seasonal changes and the incidence of H. pylori infection (P value= 0.30). According to our results, it seems that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high, especially in summer, in the population of Ilam city. This may become a major health concern in the area. Keyword: Helicobacter pylori, Stool antigen method, Gastrointestinal problems, Seasonality * Corresponding author e-mail: shamsimorteza55@gmail.com. and zahramahdavi9165@gmail.com
Passive breath monitoring of livestock: using factor analysis to deconvolve the cattle shed

Respiratory and metabolic diseases in livestock cost the agriculture sector billions each year, with delayed diagnosis a key exacerbating factor. Previous studies have shown the potential for breath analysis to successfully identify incidence of disease in a range of livestock. However, these techniques typically involve animal handling, the use of nasal swabs or fixing a mask to individual animals to obtain a sample of breath. Using a cohort of 26 cattle as an example, we show how the breath of individual animals within a herd can be monitored using a passive sampling system, where no such handling is required. These benefits come at the cost of the desired breath samples unavoidably mixed with the complex cocktail of odours that are present within the cattle shed. Data were analysed using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) to identify and remove non-breath related sources of volatile organic compounds. In total three breath factors were identified (endogenous-, non-endogenous breath and rumen) and seven factors related to other sources within and around the cattle shed (e.g. cattle feed, traffic, urine and faeces). Simulation of a respiratory disease within the herd showed that the abnormal change in breath composition was captured in the residuals of the ten factor PMF solution, highlighting the importance of their inclusion as part of the breath fraction. Increasing the number of PMF factors to 17 saw the identification of a ‘diseased’ factor, which coincided with the visits of the three ‘diseased’ cattle to the breath monitor platform. This work highlights the important role that factor analysis techniques can play in analysing passive breath monitoring data.
Low-cost charge of electrostrictive polymers for efficient energy harvesting

Energy harvesting has become a particularly hot topic over the last few years in order to replace batteries in autonomous devices. In particular, vibration energy scavenging has been the subject of many researches as such a source is widely available in many environments. While piezoelectric elements, electromagnetic devices or electrostatic systems have been studied since the beginning of such an interest, electrostrictive polymers that are flexible and lightweight have recently attracted the attention of the scientific community. However, in order to properly operate and convert energy efficiently, such materials require a relatively high electric field for polarization purposes and activation of the electromechanical activity. Hence, applying this electric field may lead to significant losses in the system that may compromise the operation of the microgenerator by a negative energy balance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application of such an electric field in an efficient manner in order to limit the losses in the system, showing that a ramp input may decrease the loss factor from more than 50% to a few per cent only. The energy balance of the global system as well as a realistic implementation of the charging system is also discussed.
Brief Announcement: Fast Concurrent Data Sketches

Data sketches are approximate succinct summaries of long data streams. They are widely used for processing massive amounts of data and answering statistical queries about it. Existing libraries producing sketches are very fast, but do not allow parallelism for creating sketches using multiple threads or querying them while they are being built. We present a generic approach to parallelising data sketches efficiently and allowing them to be queried in real time, while bounding the error that such parallelism introduces. Utilising relaxed semantics and the notion of strong linearisability we prove our algorithm’s correctness and analyse the error it induces in two specific sketches. Our implementation achieves high scalability while keeping the error small. We have contributed one of our concurrent sketches to the open-source data sketches library.
Comparison of different solvents for Antioxidant and Antibiogram Pattern of Bergenia ciliata rhizome Extract from Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh

Bergenia ciliata is a well-known herb commonly known as Paashaanbhed, with various pharmaceutical properties. The scientific exploration of Bergenia ciliata is growing in the Western Himalayas for its phytochemical and pharmacological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the Bergenia ciliata rhizome extracts for total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Four different solvents viz., aqueous, chloroform, methanol and ethanol were used for extraction. Among the solvents tested, methanol was found to be the best extractive solvent with the highest total phenolic content of 31.46 mg GAE g−1 DE and the lowest IC50 values for DPPH and ABTS assays, i.e 80.20 and 73.38 μg mL−1, respectively. Methanol and ethanol extracts exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. typhi, and S. aureus (MIC = 6.25 μg mL−1). The current study suggested that the methanol extract of Bergenia ciliata has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial potential, which can be used in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.
Effects of working pressure on structure and composition of TiAlN coating fabricated by co-sputtering deposition technique

Co-Sputtering; Sputtering Pressure; Coating; TiAlN; Structure TiN-based coatings have been used widely for protecting surface of various application fields due to their superior properties such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, and low wear rate. Indeed, adding aluminium (Al) into the TiN coatings would further increase their hardness and oxidation resistance. Generally, TiAlN coatings are synthesized using alloy targets of specific percentages of Titan (Ti) and Al. However, for control of Ti/Al ratio in the coating composition, there exists another technique, namely co-sputtering, which could be used. This technique involves using a Ti and an Al target mounted separately on two guns of the sputtering system for the deposition process. In our work, TiAlN thin coatings were fabricated on silicon (Si) wafers using a magnetron co-sputtering technique under different pressures. Chemical composition of the coatings was studied by the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), whereas morphology of the coating was observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The experimental results showed that TiAlN coating was well formed on Si wafers and the deposition pressure strongly affected composition and morphology as well as the Ti/Al ratio of the coating.
A MILP for Optimal Measurement Choice in Robust Power Grid State Estimation

The reliability of the electric power grid is increasingly linked to the reliability of measured data which is used to understand the current state of the system. Determining the current state of the electric grid is the basis for decision-making related to the normal operation of the grid as well as operations in the case of an emergency scenario. When some of this data is corrupted in the case of a cyberattack, it is important that we can recover the true state of the system via state estimation (SE). Inspired by the work in [1] and [2], we propose a novel method using a notion in machine learning to optimize the choice of measurements in a given power network, formulating the problem as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). Using this MILP, we study some test cases and show that it is impossible to certify that the network is fully robust in the case of bad data. However, we propose a method to optimally place the sensors in order to make the network more robust in the case of cyberattacks.
Les cadres surchargés par leurs emails : déploiement de l’activité et expérience vécue

L’article vise a comprendre les caracteristiques de l’activite de gestion des emails et les experiences vecues associees de cadres s’estimant surcharges par leurs emails. Une triangulation des methodes a ete mise en place pour parvenir a eclairer differents points de vue de l’activite. Des journees d’observation, des journaux de bord, des entretiens « resituants » et un questionnaire ont ete menes aupres de deux panels de cadres surcharges volontaires. Cet article s’appuie sur la description detaillee de 4 cas de cadres particulierement debordes par leurs emails, aux procedures de gestion et de regulation des emails differents. Les resultats decrivent les contextes socio-professionnels de ces cadres, le phenomene de gestion continue des emails leur permettant de tenter de faire face a l’explosion d’emails mais aussi les effets deleteres sur leur sante et efficacite au travail. L’article souligne les specificites des phases de lecture/classement/redaction d’emails, couteuses cognitivement et emotionnellement pour ces cadres surcharges. L’identification d’emails « problematiques » et les emotions negatives associees sont apparues comme l’une des originalites de l’etude, marquant a nouveau le manque de reperes et de regles communes aux usages heterogenes du media. Enfin, des recommandations permettent de discuter des perspectives a donner a la messagerie electronique.
EXTRACELLULAR ALKALINE PECTINASES PRODUCTION: A REVIEW

Pectinases are most significant enzymes of commercial sector. Among all the commercially produced industrial enzymes, pectinases occupy 25% share in the overall enzyme market. Pectinases have wide applications in various processes such as fruit juice clarification, wastewater remediation and textile and paper industry etc. Pectinase is most suitable environment friendly tool of nature for sustainable development. Although, pectinases alike many other commercial enzymes are facing the imperative of low harvest and yield. Hence, pectinases have been the objective of research to accomplish the commercial scale articulation levels. To find unique physicochemical properties of pectinases often microbial pectinases are utilized among all the natural sources due to ease in production. Present study primarily centers on the different types of recent techniques for the alkaline pectinases production and optimization strategies advancement for high production yield. For achieving higher production of the extracellular alkaline pectinases by utilizing basic fermentation media and simple molecular devices along with genetic engineering approaches are included in the present study. For the improved alkaline pectinase production advanced genetic engineering techniques such as gene cloning, tools of r-DNA technology and cell immobilization technique are discussed.
Summarize with Caution: Comparing Global Feature Attributions

Local interpretability methods are widely used because of their ability to generate explanations tailored to individual data points even for complex black-box models. Although these methods are not designed to provide a global view of a model’s behavior, many common interpretability tools offer makeshift global feature attributions obtained by taking the mean absolute value of each feature’s (local) attribution scores across all training data points and then ranking the features by their average scores. We argue that averaging feature attribution scores may not always be appropriate and explore the ramiﬁcations of doing so. We present an artifact-based interview study intended to investigate whether ML developers would beneﬁt from being able to compare and contrast different global feature attributions obtained by ranking features by other summary statistics of their attribution scores. We ﬁnd that participants are able to use these global feature attributions to achieve different tasks and objectives. Viewing multiple global feature attributions increased participants’ uncertainty in their understanding of the underlying model as they became more aware of the intricacies of the model’s behavior. However, participants expressed concerns about the time it would take to compare and contrast different global feature attributions, echoing observations from prior work about the need to balance the beneﬁts of thinking fast and thinking slow when designing interpretability tools.