Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral imaging system for whole corn ear surface inspection

Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus (A.flavus) and Aspergillus parasitiucus fungi that grow naturally in corn. Very serious health problems such as liver damage and lung cancer can result from exposure to high toxin levels in grain. Consequently, many countries have established strict guidelines for permissible levels in consumables. Conventional chemical-based analytical methods used to screen for aflatoxin such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are time consuming, expensive, and require the destruction of samples as well as proper training for data interpretation. Thus, it has been a continuing effort within the research community to find a way to rapidly and non-destructively detect and possibly quantify aflatoxin contamination in corn. One of the more recent developments in this area is the use of spectral technology. Specifically, fluorescence hyperspectral imaging offers a potential rapid, and non-invasive method for contamination detection in corn infected with toxigenic A.flavus spores. The current hyperspectral image system is designed for scanning flat surfaces, which is suitable for imaging single or a group of corn kernels. In the case of a whole corn cob, it is preferred to be able to scan the circumference of the corn ear, appropriate for whole ear inspection. This paper discusses the development of a hyperspectral imaging system for whole corn ear imaging. The new instrument is based on a hyperspectral line scanner using a rotational stage to turn the corn ear.
Lie algebras associated with the exponential solutions of nonautonomous linear differential equations

A new free Lie algebra structure generated by a continuous set of operators is introduced. The Friedrichs’ criterion, which is known for a finite (countable) number of generators, is extended to the continuous case. Based on Friedrichs’ criterion, we obtain an explicit expression for the coefficients of the Magnus expansion, which is central for one to get approximately the exponential solutions of nonautonomous linear differential equations.
Optimizing the Creative Industry Through the Development of the Triple Helix Model

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to optimize the creative industry through the development of a triple helix model that connects universities, industry, and government. Design/methodology/approach: The method used is an ethnographic approach starting from the collection of literature sources and supported by field data. Findings: The results showed that batik entrepreneurs in Lumajang district, apart from preserving culture, were also used to improve the economy of the surrounding community. The batik culture is in the form of regional motifs such as the batik motif of the great banana, sand, and semeru mountain which are applied to the cloth with the batik process which will later be used as uniforms for the Lumajang Regency Government. Increasing the capacity of batik craftsmen also needs improvement through training activities. Research limitations/implications: This research is limited to bamboo craftsmen in Papring Banyuwangi. Practical implications: This research can be used as input for stakeholders to be used as a reference in optimizing the creative industry. Originality/value: This paper is original Paper type: Research paper
Exact distribution of word occurrences in a random sequence of letters

The study of the distribution of the distance between words in a random sequence of letters is interesting in view of application in genome sequence analysis. In this paper we give the exact distribution probability and cumulative distribution function of the distances between two successive occurrences of a given word and between the nth and the (n+m)th occurrences under three models of generation of the letters: i.i. d. with the same probability for each letter, i.i. d. with different probabilities and Markov process. The generating function and the first two moments are also given. The point of studying the distances instead of the counting process is that we get some knowledge not only about the frequency of a word but also about its longitudinal distribution in the sequence.
Culinary Tourism Development Strategy In Sukabumi

Culinary tourism is an essential basis for assessing the regional creative economy. The main purpose of this study is to determine the development strategy of culinary tourism in Sukabumi. The method used is a SWOT analysis.The culinary tourism development plan begins by looking at the business characteristic and identified culinary problems so that the concept of culinary tourism development appears based on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results of this analysis, there are similarities in main characteristics and problems that emerges from every culinary entrepreneur. Similarities in goals and directions impacton the similarities of strategy in its development. This research resulted in three stages strategy namelyshort-, medium- and long-term strategy. Promotion and revitalization culinary place are proposed inshort term strategy.In addition, medium term strategy proposes development of human resources while long term strategy propose government policiesin tourism development. The future plans in culinary tourism development should be ina consistent coordination framework so that results positive regional economic growth.
Generation of high flux, highly coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation in a gas cell

We report the generation of extreme ultraviolet radiation with high photon flux (1010–1012 photon/cm2 s), high spatial coherence (up to 0.95), and good spatial beam profile by high-order harmonic generation in various noble gases (argon, neon, and helium) in a gas cell. The photon flux was determined using an extreme ultraviolet spectrometer equipped with a charge-coupled device camera and the spatial coherence was determined from Young double-slit interference fringes. The high-order harmonic emission is confined to just a few orders because of the small phase mismatch in the cut-off region that allows macroscopic phase matching to be satisfied for just a few harmonics in this region. The efficiency and spatial beam profile are studied as a function of gas pressure and geometrical configuration.
Physical Activity in Malaysia: Are We Doing Enough? Findings from the REDISCOVER Study

Physical activity (PA) in the form of structured or unstructured exercise is beneficial for health. This paper aims to study PA levels across four domains according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and its associated factors. A total of 7479 Malaysian adult participants between 18 to 90 years old from the REDISCOVER study who completed the IPAQ were analyzed. PA was calculated as MET-min per week and were categorized according to insufficiently active, sufficiently active and very active. Multinomial regression was used to determine the association between sociodemographic, clinical factors and the level of PA. The mean age of the participants was 51.68 (±9.5 SD). The total reported physical activity in median (IQR) was 1584.0 (0–5637.3) MET-min per week. The highest total for PA was in the domestic domain which is 490 (0–2400) MET-min per week. Factors associated with sufficiently active or very active PA include Malay ethnicity, no formal education, elementary occupation, current smokers and high HDL. Whereas low income, male and normal BMI are less likely to participate in sufficiently active or very active PA. Intervention to encourage higher PA levels in all domains is important to achieve recommended PA targets.
Stephen Hawking’s Hotchpotch

Atheist scientists usually say that as there is no evidence for the existence of God so far, so it is reasonable to believe that there is no God. Here I will clearly show that neither there is any evidence so far that something can come out of nothing. On the basis of this lack of evidence we can also say that it is reasonable not to believe that the universe has actually originated from nothing. We can also demand that atheist scientists should immediately stop deceiving us in the name of science. If atheistic scientists cannot believe in the existence of God due to lack of evidence, then it is equally true that due to this same lack of evidence we cannot also believe that the laws of gravity and quantum theory were already there at the beginning of our universe to govern that beginning. So how did Hawking particularly come to know that these two laws governed the beginning of our universe? Is he all-knowing God?
NOTCH dependent cooperativity between myeloid lineages promotes Langerhans cell histiocytosis pathology

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a potentially fatal neoplasm, characterized by the aberrant differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, driven by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation. LCH cells may trigger destructive pathology yet remain in precarious state, finely balanced between apoptosis and survival, supported by a unique inflammatory milieu. The interactions that maintain this state are not well-known and may offer targets for intervention. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq and protein analysis to dissect LCH lesions, assessing LCH cell heterogeneity, and comparing LCH cells with normal MNPs within lesions. We found LCH-discriminatory signatures pointing to senescence and escape from tumor immune surveillance. We also uncovered two major lineages of LCH with DC2- and DC3/Monocyte-like phenotypes and validated them in multiple pathological tissue sites by high-content imaging. Receptor-ligand analyses and lineage tracing in vitro revealed Notch dependent cooperativity between DC2 and DC3/monocyte lineages, during expression of the pathognomonic LCH program. Our results present a convergent dual origin model of LCH with MAPK pathway activation occurring prior to fate commitment to DC2 and DC3/Monocyte lineages and Notch-dependent cooperativity between lineages driving the development of LCH cells.
Evidence of competition between electrogens shaping electroactive microbial communities in microbial electrolysis cells

In single-chamber microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), organic compounds are oxidized at the anode, liberating electrons that are used for hydrogen evolution at the cathode. Microbial communities on the anode and cathode surfaces and in the bulk liquid determine the function of the MEC. The communities are complex, and their assembly processes are poorly understood. We investigated MEC performance and community composition in nine MECs with a carbon cloth anode and a cathode of carbon nanoparticles, titanium, or stainless steel. Differences in lag time during the startup of replicate MECs suggested that the initial colonization by electrogenic bacteria was stochastic. A network analysis revealed negative correlations between different putatively electrogenic Deltaproteobacteria on the anode. Proximity to the conductive anode surface is important for electrogens, so the competition for space could explain the observed negative correlations. The cathode communities were dominated by hydrogen-utilizing taxa such as Methanobacterium and had a much lower proportion of negative correlations than the anodes. This could be explained by the diffusion of hydrogen throughout the cathode biofilms, reducing the need to compete for space.
Isotretinoin: 40 years of experience

Isotretinoin is a derivative of vitamin A (13-cis retinoic acid) and represents the first generation of retinoids. It affects all the key factors in the pathogenesis of acne and all current guidelines agree that it is still the most effective therapeutic option in the treatment of acne. In addition to conventional treatment, the modern concept of treatment allows various other protocols, so proper selection of patients and adjustment of isotretinoin treatment modality to the type and severity of acne is necessary to obtain optimal results. Although it was introduced into dermatological practice 40 years ago, this drug is still accompanied by certain controversies and doubts among doctors and patients. The main source of doubt is potential side effects such as teratogenicity, depression, suicide, and inflammatory bowel diseases. Decades of experience have shown that side effects (apart from teratogenicity) are mostly mild, reversible and rare. This paper presents modern approach regarding dosage, monitoring of patients during the treatment, as well as the identification and management of side effects.
Augmented reality and stereo vision for remote scene characterization

In this paper we present our progress in the research and development of an augmented reality (AR) system for the remote inspection of hazardous environments. It specifically addresses one particular application with which we are involved--that of improving the inspection of underground sewer pipes using robotic vehicles and 3D graphical overlays coupled with stereoscopic visual data. Traditional sewer inspection using a human operator and CCTV systems is a mature technology--though the task itself is difficult, subjective and prone to error. The work described here proposes not to replace the expert human inspector--but to enhance and increase the information that is available to him and to augment that information with other previously stored data. We describe our current system components which comprise a robotic stereo head device, a simulated sewer crawling vehicle and our AR system. We then go on to discuss the lengthy calibration procedures which are necessary in to align any graphical overlay information with live video data. Some experiments in determining alignment errors under head motion and some investigations into the use of a calibrated virtual cursor are then described.
MFRP-Associated Retinopathy and Nanophthalmos in Two Irish Probands: A Case Report

The conjunction of nanophthalmos (NO) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) provides challenges to effective clinical management while narrowing the genetic spectrum for targeted molecular diagnostics. This case study describes two not knowingly related adult cases of MFRP-associated retinopathy and nanophthalmos (MARN). Structural features including short axial lengths (mean 16.4 mm), steep keratometry (mean 49.98 D), adult-onset signs, and symptoms of retinal dystrophy and acquired disease (i.e., cataract, angle-closure glaucoma) were evident in both cases. Pathogenic variants in the MFRP gene impair both prenatal eye growth and childhood emmetropization while also leading to RPE/outer retinal degeneration in 75% of cases. We discuss the “small-eye” phenotype spectrum and associated defining characteristics, molecular mechanisms with particular focus on MFRP-associated NO with RP features (MARN), the spectrum of visual morbidities (e.g., extreme refractive error, amblyopia, cystoid macular lesions, early cataract) and the challenges of their treatment/surgical management.
The coma cluster after lunch: Has a galaxcy group passed through the cluster core?

We propose that the Coma cluster has recently undergone a collision with the NGC 4839 galaxy group. The ROSAT X-ray morphology, the Coma radio halo, the presence of poststarburst galaxies in the bridge between Coma and NGC 4839, the usually high velocity dispersion for the NGC 4839 group, and the position of a large-scale galaxy filament to the NE of Coma are all used to argue that the NGC 4839 group passed through the core of Coma approximately 2 Gyr ago. We present a new Hydro/N-body simulation of the merger between a galaxy group and a rich cluster that reproduces many of the observed X-ray and optical properties of Coma/NGC 4839.
A novel hybrid BCI system based on SSVEP and EOG

The concept of hybrid brain-computer interface has been proposed in recent years. Hybrid BCI(HBCI) refers to a system that is a mixture of one single-mode BCI and another system (BCI system or non-BCI system). In this paper, we propose a new hybrid brain-computer interface which combines SSVEP and EOG to improve the performance of BCI system. The 16 buttons are distributed in four areas (upper left, lower left, upper right, and lower right) of the GUI, and the 16 buttons simultaneously start to flash, with the user staring at the target of his/her choice. After the flashing, the four positions will move in different directions, and the user generates the corresponding eye movement by watching the target. Since the time-domain features of EOG are very obvious during eye movement, the waveform analysis method used in this paper identifies the direction of eye movement. The TRCA algorithm is used to identify the SSVEP. At the same time, by fusing the features of EOG and SSVEP, the accuracy of the hybrid BCI system can be further improved. Ten healthy students participated in our experiment. The average classification accuracy of the system was 90.77%, and the information transmission rate (ITR) was 73.73 bits/min. Significance: These results show that the hybrid BCI system proposed in this paper has excellent performance.
Vorticity and curvature at a general material surface

If S is a general material surface in a flow in the space, we show the relationship between the three components of the vorticity field on S and the curvatures of the streamlines of the tangential component of the velocity field (geodesic torsion, normal curvature, and geodesic curvature); and we show the relationship for the case of a general free surface. We present geometric formulae relating vorticity flux, from S, and curvatures of S (Gaussian curvature, mean curvature, curvatures of the streamlines of the tangential component of the velocity field); and we show the formulae for the case of a general free surface.
An efficient, numerically robust homotopy algorithm for H/sub 2/ model reduction using the optimal projection equations

Homotopy approaches have previously been developed for synthesizing H/sub 2/ optimal reduced-order models. Some of the previous homotopy were based on directly solving the optimal projection equations, a set of two Lyapunov equations mutually coupled by a nonlinear term involving a projection matrix /spl tau/, that characterize the optimal reduced-order model. These algorithms are numerically robust but suffer from the curse of large dimensionality. Subsequently, gradient-based homotopy algorithms were developed. To make these algorithms efficient and to eliminate singularities along the homotopy path, the basis of the reduced-order model was constrained to minimal parameterization. However the resultant homotopy algorithms sometimes experienced numerical ill-conditioning or failure due to the minimal parameterization constraint. This paper presents a new homotopy approach the algorithm avoids the large dimensionality of the previous approaches by efficiently solving a pair of Lyapunov equations coupled by low rank linear operators. <<ETX>>
Spectra and Sizes of Hypercompact H II Regions

We present the analysis of the spectra and sizes of the hypercompact H II regions G34.26+0.15 A and B. We compare their radio continuum spectra and angular sizes with simple models of spherical ionized regions bounded by an inner and an outer radius, with a power-law electron density profile, ne(r) ∝ r-α. The radio continuum spectra and sizes can be reasonably reproduced by both uniform sphere models and shell models with large inner radii of the order of 500 AU. High spatial resolution observations at ν > 15 GHz, where the regions are optically thin, could distinguish between the two models. The optically thin radio emission implies, after accounting for dust absorption of ionizing photons, that the ionizing stars of sources A and B have spectral types earlier than main-sequence B1 type.
Handgrip Strength Is Related to Hippocampal and Lobar Brain Volumes in a Cohort of Cognitively Impaired Older Adults with Confirmed Amyloid Burden

Background: Strength and mobility are essential for activities of daily living. With aging, weaker handgrip strength, mobility, and asymmetry predict poorer cognition. We therefore sought to quantify the relationship between handgrip metrics and volumes quantified on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Objective: To model the relationships between handgrip strength, mobility, and MRI volumetry. Methods: We selected 38 participants with Alzheimer’s disease dementia: biomarker evidence of amyloidosis and impaired cognition. Handgrip strength on dominant and non-dominant hands was measured with a hand dynamometer. Handgrip asymmetry was calculated. Two-minute walk test (2MWT) mobility evaluation was combined with handgrip strength to identify non-frail versus frail persons. Brain MRI volumes were quantified with Neuroreader. Multiple regression adjusting for age, sex, education, handedness, body mass index, and head size modeled handgrip strength, asymmetry and 2MWT with brain volumes. We modeled non-frail versus frail status relationships with brain structures by analysis of covariance. Results: Higher non-dominant handgrip strength was associated with larger volumes in the hippocampus (p = 0.02). Dominant handgrip strength was related to higher frontal lobe volumes (p = 0.02). Higher 2MWT scores were associated with larger hippocampal (p = 0.04), frontal (p = 0.01), temporal (p = 0.03), parietal (p = 0.009), and occipital lobe (p = 0.005) volumes. Frailty was associated with reduced frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe volumes. Conclusion: Greater handgrip strength and mobility were related to larger hippocampal and lobar brain volumes. Interventions focused on improving handgrip strength and mobility may seek to include quantified brain volumes on MR imaging as endpoints.
Estimation of Ice Hydrometeor Types and Shapes from Radar Polarization Measurements

Abstract An approach to distinguish between various types of ice hydrometeors and to estimate their shapes using radar polarization measurements is discussed. It is shown that elevation angle dependencies of radar depolarization ratios can be used to distinguish between planar crystals, columnar crystals, and aggregates in reasonably homogeneous stratiform clouds. Absolute values of these ratios depend on the reflectivity-weighted mean particle aspect ratio in the polarization plane. Circular depolarization ratios depend on this ratio, and linear depolarization ratios depend on this ratio and particle orientation in the polarization plane. The use of nearly circular elliptical polarization provides a means of measuring depolarization for low reflectivity scatterers when the circular polarization fails due to low signal level in one of the receiving channels. Modeling of radar backscattering was applied to the elliptical depolarization ratios as measured by the Ka-band radar developed at the NOAA Environme.
Numerical piecewise-uniform regularization for two-dimensional ill-posed problems

The problem of piecewise-uniform regularization for two-dimensional ill-posed problems with bounded discontinuous solutions is under discussion. The algorithm of modified Tikhonov regularization is applied to solve the problem on the class of functions of two variables with bounded VH-variation as previously proposed by the author. In finite-dimensional form, the algorithm is reduced to mathematical programming with a nonsmooth target function. After smooth approximation, the algorithm is numerically implemented in an effective way to ensure the piecewise-uniform convergence of the approximate solutions to the exact solution of an ill-posed problem. The quality of obtained piecewise-uniform regularization is illustrated by numerical experiments in blurred and noisy image reconstruction.