Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Environmental Interactions on Schizophrenia-Like Phenotypes in CHL1 Deficient Mice

Schizophrenia is a debilitating disorder which is often characterized by dysregulation of the processing of sensory information. Schizophrenia has been shown to have a strong genetic component, as well as a strong environmental component. As such , a number of hypotheses such as the diathesis stress hypothesis have been developed to explain the etiology of schizoplu·enia . As most of these theories attempt to account for a genetic and an environmental factor , they are often viewed as double-hit models of schizoplu-enia. Several theories have emerged as potential explanations for the symptoms of schizophrenia. The dopamine hypothesis suggests that the basal level of dopamine transmission within the rnesolimbic and mesocortical pathways is increased in schizoplu·enia . The glutamate hypothesis suggests that increased glutamate transmission in the striatum combined with NMDA receptor hypofunction could result in some of the symptoms of schizophrenia. Both the dopamine and the glutamate hypothesis draw on the idea that individuals with schizophrenia show heightened neural activation as compared with non-schizophrenics. The developmental theory of schizophrenia posits that insults to the brain occurring during development may causes changes in the brain which result in the symptoms of schizoplu·enia later in life . In this study , CHLl deficient mice, an animal model of schizophrenia were compared with their wild type littermates on measures of neuronal activation and latent inhibition, a measure of normal attentional and sensory processing. Additionally , some mice from both genotypes were selected to receive stress. It was found that all unstressed mice as well as the wild type stressed mice showed latent inhibition. The stressed CHLl deficient mice did not show latent inhibition , the absence of which is associated with the positive symptoms of schi zophrenia. These results provide support for a double hit (environment x genetic) account of
UvA-DARE (Digital Polyamine metabolism and activation of lipid signalling pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana

Polyamines, such as putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm), are low-molecular-weight polycationic molecules found in all living organisms. Despite the fact that they have been implicated in various important cellular processes, their mode of action is still largely unclear. Recent evidence indicated an early interaction of polyamines with phospholipid signalling at the membrane level. Using Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings as a model system, we report here that exogenous application of Put, Spd or Spm led to a rapid and significant increase in the signalling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). Using time-course and dose-response experiments, Spm was found to be the most effective, promoting PA responses at physiological (µM) concentrations. The increase in PA mainly occurred in the root and, at least partly, involved the plasma membrane polyamine-uptake transporter, RMV1. Using a differential 32 P i -labelling strategy we found that diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity was partly involved in PA increase, although PIP 2 was not found to be the DAG precursor. However, transphosphatidylation assays with primary alcohols revealed that phospholipase D (PLD) was the main contributor of the Spm triggered-PA response. Arabidopsis encodes 12 PLD genes. Using T-DNA insertion mutants, we identified AtPLD δ as the main contributor. Interestingly, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K), PI4K β 1 and PI4K β 2 were found to be upstream of this PLD δ response. Measuring non-invasive ion fluxes across the plasma membrane of wt- and pld δ mutant roots, revealed that the increase of PA is linked to a gradual and transient K + efflux. These results are in accordance to previous report on the role of PIP 2 , indicating a combined action of these lipids to a signalling route downstream, which involves the efflux of K + . Potential mechanisms of how lipids could control ion fluxes will be discussed. These results indicate that the cellular uptake of Spm required for part of the PA response, and that is involved in the of Spm across the plasma membrane.
Differential Labeling of Chemically Modified Peptides and Lipids among Cyanobacteria Planktothrix and Microcystis

The cyanoHAB forming cyanobacteria Microcystis and Planktothrix frequently produce high intracellular amounts of microcystins (MCs) or anabaenopeptins (APs). In this study, chemically modified MCs and APs have been localized on a subcellular level in Microcystis and Planktothrix applying copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuACC). For this purpose, three different non-natural amino acids carrying alkyne or azide moieties were fed to individual P. agardhii strains No371/1 and CYA126/8 as well as to M. aeruginosa strain Hofbauer showing promiscuous incorporation of various amino acid substrates during non-ribosomal peptide synthesis (NRPS). Moreover, CYA126/8 peptide knock-out mutants and non-toxic strain Synechocystis PCC6803 were processed under identical conditions. Simultaneous labeling of modified peptides with ALEXA405 and ALEXA488 and lipid staining with BODIPY 505/515 were performed to investigate the intracellular location of the modified peptides. Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) obtained from confocal images were calculated between the different fluorophores and the natural autofluorescence (AF), and between labeled modified peptides and dyed lipids to investigate the spatial overlap between peptides and the photosynthetic complex, and between peptides and lipids. Overall, labeling of modified MCs (M. aeruginosa) and APs (P. agardhii) using both fluorophores revealed increased intensity in MC/AP producing strains. For Synechocystis lacking NRPS, no labeling using either ALEXA405 or ALEXA488 was observed. Lipid staining in M. aeruginosa and Synechocystis was intense while in Planktothrix it was more variable. When compared with AF, both modified peptides and lipids showed a heterologous distribution. In comparison, the correlation between stained lipids and labeled peptides was not increased suggesting a reduced spatial overlap.
Effect of Marketing Management Strategies on Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

Besides, a sample of clients was performed for validating business tactics, which included a marketing blend and intelligence of SMEs. A current analytical paradigm integrates the logical perspective of businesses and consumers. An observational study was undertaken in Hisar (India) in small scale & medium scale businesses enhances a knowledge base and government to increase the financial basis, as small industry forms an important part of the country's industrial history. Furthermore, the results indicate that business people can update their knowledge base to raise awareness and research by analysing the exploratory element and testing a sample t. The findings suggest that a communication divide exists between customers and contractors. This analysis gives the service provider the inference.
Literary Characters and their Verbal Mimicry through the Prism of Gestalt Analysis

The paper represents a fragment of a multi-year project focused on everyday speech interaction and, particularly, on verbal mechanisms of granting speech efficiency and effectiveness. The introductory statement of the research is more precise thespeaker organizes his/her message verbally, the easier it is understood by the listener. Special attention is paid to the methodological approach to verbal identification of literary characters’ social strata. The paper also elicits how Gestalt analysis can be successfully applied to different practical linguistic tasks. Hence, the article deals with the advantages of Gestalt, used for unmasking the virtual speaker’s social identity and his social status. Besides, a close study of speech situations has revealed some cases when the speaker tries to play a verbal trick on the audience, thus consciously or unconsciously imposing a false image and hiding his/her true identity. The phenomenon of speech imposters, discovered in literary dialogues termed “speech, or verbal mimicry,” while the speakers who use such verbal masks are called “mimics. ” In the presented research, two types of mimicry are distinguished: progressive and regressive speech mimicry. Hence, the characters’ speech was analyzed through the prism of his/her actual or imposed social status, which allowed to single out sufficiently reliable syntactic indicators of the speaker’s real social profile.
Title : Identification and functional characterisation of a rare MTTP variant underlying hereditary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust & University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK. Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. Clinical Genetics Department, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. NIHR Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK. Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester UK Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Dept. of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of
Bitslice Masking and Improved Shuffling: How and When to Mix Them in Software?

We revisit the popular adage that side-channel countermeasures must be combined to be efficient, and study its application to bitslice masking and shuffling. Our main contributions are twofold. First, we improve this combination: by shuffling the shares of a masked implementation rather than its tuples, we can amplify the impact of the shuffling exponentially in the number of shares, while this impact was independent of the masking security order in previous works. Second, we evaluate the masking and shuffling combination’s performance vs. security tradeoff under sufficient noise conditions: we show that the best approach is to mask first (i.e., fill the registers with as many shares as possible) and shuffle the independent operations that remain. We conclude that with moderate but sufficient noise, the “bitslice masking + shuffling” combination of countermeasures is practically relevant, and its interest increases when randomness is expensive and many independent operations are available for shuffling. When these conditions are not met, masking only is the best option. As additional side results, we improve the best known attack against the shuffling countermeasure from ASIACRYPT 2012. We also recall that algorithmic countermeasures like masking and shuffling, and therefore their combination, cannot be implemented securely without a minimum level of physical noise.
U-Pb Monazite and 40Ar/39Ar data supporting polyphase tectonism in the Manzano Mountains: a record of both the Mazatzal (1.66-1.60 Ga) and Picuris (1.45 Ga) Orogenies

Proterozoic basement rocks of the Sandia-Manzano-Los Pinos Mountains record two phases of plutonism, at 1.66-1.65 Ga and 1.46-1.45 Ga. These episodes correspond to two episodes of pluton-enhanced regional metamorphism and deformation that collectively resulted in the development of top-to-the-north thrust sense shear zones referred to as the Manzano thrust belt. U-Pb monazite ages indicates that prograde aureole metamorphism took place at ~1.68-1.66 Ga and again at 1.45 Ga, and both are tied to regional fabric-forming episodes. 40Ar/39Ar dating of muscovite reveals a variable 1.45 Ga thermal overprint. “Cold blocks” (at 1.45 Ga) were not heated above 375°C at 1.45 Ga; they have muscovite ages of ~1.66 Ga and record cooling of 1.65 Ga pluton aureoles through 350-400°C shortly after pluton emplacement. “Hot” blocks are in thrust sheets containing 1.45 Ga plutons and these record more extensive 1.45 Ga monazite rim growth and muscovite cooling ages of 1.44-1.42 Ga. The presence of sillimanite and andalusite in contact aureoles of 1.65 Ga and 1.45 Ga plutons suggests both were emplaced at 2-4 kbar middle crustal depths. This area does not contain 1.5 Ga rocks correlative with the Trampas Group. The 1.60-1.50 Ga “tectonic gap” in magmatism and metamorphism in New Mexico is best explained by a 100-million-year period of erosion following the 1.65-1.60 Ga Mazatzal orogeny. Plate tectonic models to explain these and other regional data require two orogenic pulses: the 1.65-1.60 Ga Mazatzal orogeny and 1.45-1.35 Ga Picuris orogeny. Total observed strain reflects shortening that occurred during both events. The Picuris orogeny resulted in formation of the Monte Largo and other thrust-sense shear zones in New Mexico. Additional studies are needed to parse the metamorphic and deformational products of each event across New Mexico. 177
Internal Curing by SAP in Ultra-High Strength Concrete with Cement-Silica Fume-Fly Ash Binder

Super-absorbed polymer (SAP) is an effective internal curing materials for reducing autogenous shrinkage and improving cracking resistance of ultra-high-strength concrete (UHSC). This study investigated the compressive strength, shrinkage properties of UHSC with cement–silica fume–fly ash binder. The composition of the binder was designed using seven-batch factorial design method. The relationships between the binder composition and the properties were expressed in contours. Results showed that, silica fume could improve the compressive strength and total shrinkage of UHSC. However fly ash reduced the compressive strength and total shrinkage of UHSC to certain extent. On the other hand, under the internal curing of SAP, the silica fume and fly ash demonstrated positive synergistic effects on the compressive strength. At the early age of hydration, the effectiveness of internal curing first increases and then decreases with the increase of fly ash and silica fume content. However, at the later age of hydration, the effectiveness of internal curing by SAP reduced because of the pozzolanic activity of silica fume and fly ash.
Supplement to “ Saddle cycles : Solving rational expectations models featuring limit cycles ( or chaos ) using perturbation methods

where the rows and columns of T and S, and the columns ofR, are partitioned into groups of size ny , nz −n∞, and n∞ (in that order), and the columns and rows ofU are partitioned into groups of size ny and nz . Then S33 = 0 whenever it has nonzero dimension (i.e., whenever n∞ ≥ 1), and φθ =U −1 zz Ψ φy = −U −1 zz U yz φζ = 0 πθ =UyzΨBθ −Uyy 1 −πyUyzΨ πy =UyyS−1 11 T11U−1 yy πζ = 0 where 1 ≡ −S−1 11 (TyzΨ − SyzΨBθ +R 1 C), Tyz ≡ (T12 T13), Syz ≡ (S12 S13), and
Electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of superhard cold-compressed phases of carbon

By means of standard and hybrid density functional theory, we analyzed the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of the two discovered superhard orthorhombic (W) and monoclinic (M) phases of carbon, synthesized by cold compression. We demonstrated that both phases exhibit a transparent insulating behaviour with indirect band gaps of about 5.4 eV (W) and 4.5 eV (M), and highly isotropic optical spectra, substantially different to those of the related body centered tetragonal C4 phase. The analysis of the elastic constants and Vickers hardness confirmed that these phases are as hard as the second hardest material c-BC2N.
Correlation of serum uric acid and early renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective To study the effect of serum uric acid(SUA) on early renal damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods We chose 120 cases with diabetes,according to the level of SUA.The patients were classified into two groups:normal uric acid group(NUA,n=68) and high uric acid group(HUA,n=52). Fasting blood glucose(FBG),HbA1c,SUA,blood and urine β2 microglobulin(β2-MG),urine microalbumin(MAU),urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) and urine creatinine were detected.The diferences between the two groups were compared.Results The levels of urine NAG,ACR,blood and urine β2-MG in HUA group were higher than those in NUA group,with statistically significant differences(P0.05). Urine NAG,ACR,blood and urine β2-MG levels were positively correlated with SUA(P0.05). Conclusions The high level of SUA has great significance on the injury and development of DN.Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are apt to develop early renal damage.
Determination of indicators allowing to evaluating the hemostatic activity of chitosan without a biological experiment

The biopolymer chitosan is widely used for the development of local hemostatic agents. However, the physicochemical parameters of chitosan that determine its hemostatic properties have not yet been determined. Standard quality control of chitosan-containing raw materials and medical products on its basis do not allow us to make a conclusion about the effectiveness of their use for stopping bleeding. The most reliable method for assessing hemostatic activity remains in vivo experiment on large animals. The aim of this study was to determine additional physicochemical parameters of chitosan, which would make it possible to predict its hemostatic activity without conducting a biological experiment. In this work, using the methods of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and viscometry, it has been shown that the ability to initiate hemostasis is depending of the molecular weight and degree of deacetylation of chitosan, but not enough linearly. The hemostatic properties in vitro increases in a series of samples with a relatively constant molecular weight with an increase in the degree of deacetylation. As well as in a series with the same degree of deacetylation with an increase in molecular weight. However, at molecular weight values more than 300 kDa, the viscosity of the polymer causes the opposite effect: with an increase in the degree of deacetylation, the hemostatic activity decreases. The best ability to initiate hemostasis have chitosan samples with a degree of deacetylation of 90.0%–97.4% and molecular weight 145.7–284.7 kDa, in which at pH of solution close to physiological, a significant part of the molecules transitioned from conformation state rigid rod to state globule. It was accompanied by an abrupt change in light transmission of the solution. It was concluded, that it is possible to study conformational states by spectrophotometry to assess the hemostatic activity of chitosan samples without performing biological experiment.
Molecular Biology of Microbial Pectate Lyase: A Review

Pectate lyase represents an important member of pectinase group of enzymes responsible for the pathogenesis and softening of plant tissues. It also has role in fruit juice clarification and in retting of natural fibers. The biochemical characterization of pectate lyases from diverse microbial sources and plants along with an insight to the protein structure has been dealt earlier but there is a lack of exclusive review on the molecular biology of pectate lyases. This review tries to fill the gap by highlighting the various aspects of molecular biology of microbial pectate lyases especially the cloning and expression of pectate lyase genes from diverse sources attempted so far. The topics covered in this review are a brief description about enzymes associated with degradation of pectin, its classification, applications, updated information about the biochemical characterization of microbial pectate lyases and cloning and expression of microbial pectate lyase genes.
Metal-oxide gas sensor

Based on gas composition and response mechanism,the gas sensors are classified.This paper introduces the mechanism of the metal-oxide gas sensors and the technology of nanomaterials which plays a very important role on gas sensing.Synthesizing the metal-oxide nanoparticle with physical method and chemical method is studied.The developing trend of the gas sensor is introduced emphatically.
Evaluation of multiple-species biofilm and floc processes using a simplified aggregate model

A simplified model of microbial aggregates is developed to evaluate how the key features of aggregation affect the stability of nitrification in multiple-species biofilms and flocs. The foundation of the model is a layered system in which each layer contains a different type of biomass, includes mass-transport resistance for all substrates (i.e., COD, NH 4 + , and O 2 ), and included formation and consumption of soluble microbial products. The model describes how the outer biofilm layer of heterotrophs protects the inner layers of nitrifiers and inert biomass from detachment, so that an inner layer can have a low specific detachment-loss rate. This protecting function is not important for suspended flocs, because the entire floc is wasted. Comparison of biofilm and suspended flocs shows that the protecting function of the biofilms provides greater nitrification stability. The model also demonstrates that extensive heterotrophic growth induced by high organic loading can cause a deterioration of nitrification when the dissolved oxygen is depleted in the inner layer of the aggregate. Although it is based on a simplified spatial distribution, the aggregate model identifies key differences among biofilm, floc, and dispersed-growth processes.
Statistical theory of selectivity and conductivity in biological channels

We present an equilibrium statistical-mechanical theory of selectivity in biological ion channels. In doing so, we introduce a grand canonical ensemble for ions in a channel's selectivity filter coupled to internal and external bath solutions for a mixture of ions at arbitrary concentrations, we use linear response theory to find the current through the filter for small gradients of electrochemical potential, and we show that the conductivity of the filter is given by the generalized Einstein relation. We apply the theory to the permeation of ions through the potassium selectivity filter, and are thereby able to resolve the long-standing paradox of why the high selectivity of the filter brings no associated delay in permeation. We show that the Eisenman selectivity relation follows directly from the condition of diffusion-limited conductivity through the filter. We also discuss the effect of wall fluctuations on the filter conductivity.
Supplementary Materials for Learning Latent Space Energy-Based Prior Model

According to the law of large number, as n→∞, the above estimating equation converges to Eθtrue [∇θ log pθ(x)] = 0, (5) where θ is the unknown value to be solved, while θtrue is fixed. According to the simple identity (1), θ = θtrue is the solution to the above estimating equation (5), no matter what θtrue is. Thus with regularity conditions, such as identifiability of the model, the MLE converges to θtrue in probability. The optimality of the maximum likelihood estimating equation among all the asymptotically unbiased estimating equations can be established based on a further generalization of the simple identity (1). We shall justify our learning method with short-run MCMC in terms of an estimating equation, which is a perturbation of the maximum likelihood estimating equation (4).