Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developments in the Space of New MAPK Pathway Inhibitors for BRAF-Mutant Melanoma

The characterization of the MAPK signaling pathway has led to the development of multiple promising targeted therapy options for a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma. The combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors represents an FDA-approved standard of care in patients with metastatic and resected BRAF-mutated melanoma. There are currently three FDA-approved BRAF/MEK inhibitor combinations for the treatment of patients with BRAF-mutated melanoma. Although there have been significant advances in the field of targeted therapy, further exploration of new targets within the MAPK pathway will strengthen therapeutic options for patients. Important clinical and translational research focuses on mechanisms of resistance, predictive biomarkers, and challenging patient populations such as those with brain metastases or resected melanoma.
Calculation of collective modes for the Bose-Hubbard model with confinement

The collective excitations in the Bose-Hubbard model in a trap are studied by means of numerical diagonalization in one dimension. The strength function is calculated for monopole and dipole perturbations, and moments of the strength function are utilized in order to obtain information about the collective behavior under external forces. In the superfluid regime, the spectrum is found to be exhausted by one single frequency, while in systems that contain a Mott insulating plateau, several frequencies are excited. An explanation of recent experimental findings in terms of a Mott plateau is suggested.
Larvicidal activity of Ocimum campechianum, Ocotea quixos and Piper aduncum essential oils against Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti, the main arbovirus vector of the Yellow fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika viruses, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. Preventive control efforts have been implemented worldwide aimed at reducing its impact on human health. The recent reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to their negative impact on the environment and human health and the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides have driven the research community to identify and evaluate sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. In this study, the potential larvicidal effect of essential oils extracted from Ocimum campechianum, Ocotea quixos and Piper aduncum were tested in vitro. GC and GC–MS analyses showed that the main compounds were eugenol (18%), 1,8-cineole (39%) and dillapiole (48%), respectively. Susceptibility to essential oils was measured according to the WHO protocol. After 24 h, the mean percentage mortality ranged from 2.7 to 100% for P. aduncum, from 2.2 to 100% for O. campechianum, and from 2.9 to 100% for O. quixos. The highest potential was displayed by P. aduncum, followed by O. campechianum and O. quixos, with LC50 values of 25.7, 69.3 and 75.5 ppm, respectively. The rapid and effective larvicidal activity of these three oils led us to consider these results to be promising, also considering the possibility of local cultivation of these plants in tropical and subtropical areas and the simple technology for their large-scale preparation and production. Further studies are needed to evaluate the individual components and their activity as larvicides.
Out of equilibrium dynamics of quench-induced spontaneous symmetry breaking and topological defect formation

We study the full out-of-thermal-equilibrium dynamics of a relativistic classical scalar field through a symmetry breaking phase transition. In these circumstances we determine the evolution of the ensemble averages of the correlation length and topological defect densities. This clarifies many aspects of the non-perturbative dynamics of fields in symmetry breaking phase transitions and allows us to comment on a quantitative basis on the canonical pictures for topological defect formation and evolution. We also compare these results to those obtained from the field evolution in the Hartree approximation or using the linearized theory. By doing so we conclude about the regimes of validity of these approximations.
Nature and boundary of the floating phase in a dissipative Josephson junction array

We study the nature of correlations within, and the transition into, the floating phase of dissipative Josephson junction arrays. Order parameter correlations in this phase are long-ranged in time, but only short-ranged in space. A perturbative RG analysis shows that, in {\it arbitrary} spatial dimension, the transition is controlled by a continuous locus of critical fixed points determined entirely by the \textit{local} topology of the lattice. This may be the most natural example of a line of critical points existing in arbitrary dimensions.
Finite states in four-dimensional quantum gravity: the isotropic minisuperspace Asktekar–Klein–Gordon model

In this paper, we construct the generalized Kodama state for the case of a Klein–Gordon scalar field coupled to Ashtekar variables in isotropic minisuperspace by a new method. The criterion for finiteness of the state stems from a minisuperspace reduction of the quantized full theory, rather than the conventional techniques of reduction prior to quantization. We then provide a possible route to the reproduction of a semiclassical limit via these states. This is the result of a new principle of the semiclassical-quantum correspondence (SQC), introduced in the first paper in this series. Lastly, we examine the solution to the minisuperspace case at the semiclassical level for an isotropic CDJ matrix neglecting any quantum corrections and examine some of the implications in relation to results from previous authors on semiclassical orbits of spacetime, including inflation. It is suggested that the application of nonperturbative quantum gravity, by way of the SQC, might potentially lead to some predictions testable below the Planck scale.
A Gaussian Mixture Model for Nulling Pulsars

The phenomenon of pulsar nulling—where pulsars occasionally turn off for one or more pulses—provides insight into pulsar-emission mechanisms and the processes by which pulsars turn off when they cross the “death line. ” However, while ever more pulsars are found that exhibit nulling behavior, the statistical techniques used to measure nulling are biased, with limited utility and precision. In this paper, we introduce an improved algorithm, based on Gaussian mixture models, for measuring pulsar nulling behavior. We demonstrate this algorithm on a number of pulsars observed as part of a larger sample of nulling pulsars, and show that it performs considerably better than existing techniques, yielding better precision and no bias. We further validate our algorithm on simulated data. Our algorithm is widely applicable to a large number of pulsars even if they do not show obvious nulls. Moreover, it can be used to derive nulling probabilities of nulling for individual pulses, which can be used for in-depth studies.
Method of characteristics and solution of DGLAP evolution equation in leading and next to leading order at small x

In this paper the singlet and nonsinglet structure functions have been obtained by solving Dokshitzer, Gribov, Lipatov, Altarelli, Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations in leading order and next to leading order at the small x limit. Here we have used Taylor series expansion and then the method of characteristics to solve the evolution equations. We have also calculated t and x evolutions of the deuteron structure function and the results are compared with the New Muon Collaboration data.
Interacting quintessence solution to the coincidence problem

We show that a suitable interaction between a scalar field and a matter fluid in a spatially homogeneous and isotropic spacetime can drive the transition from a matter dominated era to an accelerated expansion phase and simultaneously solve the coincidence problem of our present Universe. For this purpose we study the evolution of the energy density ratio of these two components. We demonstrate that a stationary attractor solution is compatible with an accelerated expansion of the Universe. We extend this study to account for dissipation effects due to interactions in the dark matter fluid. Finally, type Ia supernovae and primordial nucleosynthesis data are used to constrain the parameters of the model.
Magnitude and crystalline anisotropy of hole magnetization in (Ga,Mn)As

Theory of hole magnetization Mc in zinc-blende diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors is developed relaxing the spherical approximation of earlier approaches. The theory is employed to determine Mc for (Ga,Mn)As over a wide range of hole concentrations and a number of crystallographic orientations of Mn magnetization. It is found that anisotropy of Mc is practically negligible but the obtained magnitude of Mc is significantly greater than that determined in the spherical approximation. Its sign and value compares favorably with the results of available magnetization measurements and ferromagnetic resonance studies.
Main features and applications of organogels in cosmetics

Cosmetic treatments aim at improving skin appearance through vehicles of good sensory properties. Those vehicles are mainly emulsions and gels designed to deliver safe and effective compounds to skin. Creams and serums are widely used to achieve these goals, but recently a new type of formulation known as organogels triggered scientific attention, particularly in the design of both topical and cosmetic formulations. It has been established that the lipophilic nature of organogels makes it an excellent candidate for the delivery of cosmetic molecules through skin. In this review, we discuss the properties and characteristics of organogels and present the advantages of the application of these systems in cosmetics.
2018 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules

To date, 204 individual molecular species, comprised of 16 different elements, have been detected in the interstellar and circumstellar medium by astronomical observations. These molecules range in size from 2 atoms to 70, and have been detected across the electromagnetic spectrum from centimeter wavelengths to the ultraviolet. This census presents a summary of the first detection of each molecular species, including the observational facility, wavelength range, transitions, and enabling laboratory spectroscopic work, as well as listing tentative and disputed detections. Tables of molecules detected in interstellar ices, external galaxies, protoplanetary disks, and exoplanetary atmospheres are provided. A number of visual representations of these aggregate data are presented and briefly discussed in context.
Observational aspects in multi-object fiber spectroscopy

The scientific objectives of multi-object fiber instruments on 8 m class telescopes may significantly depart from those carried out on 4 m class telescopes. Crude anticipation of future programs on these instruments allows to predict that targets will be mainly point sources or of low extension, with magnitudes up to approximately 22. With these characteristics, some observational aspects are investigated: (1) The (blind) positioning error budget constrains the astrometry to within 0.2' rms to keep photon losses at an acceptable level; (2) All-sky atlases from Schmidt plate scans, when available, will provide the relevant information for most programs; (3) Cross- identification or special observing procedures may be required for guide stars if they have a different origin than targets; (4) Atmospheric effects are investigated. Chromatic dispersion is shown impossible to calibrate out. The observation wavelength must be properly related to the acquisition and guiding wavelengths, constraining the use of filters; (5) Other observational constraints like sky subtraction or high spectral stability can lead to specific observational procedures. General observing modes are briefly reviewed. The impacts on the performances, described in terms of `Realizable Multiplex Advantage' (RMA) is described. At best, the RMA can reach one third of the number of fibers.
TSC Study on Interfacial Phenomena in PE (Polyethylene)-EVA (Ethylene-Vinylacetate Copolymer) Laminated Films

Thermally stimulated current (TSC) experiments were carried out on laminated films of PE (polyethylene) and EVA (ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer). When PE-EVA laminate was polarized with a positive voltage on the EVA side (PE-EVA ⊕), a TSC peak (P4) appeared which was not observed in PE, EVA or PE-EVA \ominus. The P4 peak intensity shows non-linear poling field dependence, with a maximum around 107 V/m. TSC results on three-layer PE-EVA-PE and EVA-PE-EVA films, together with the above results, led to the following conclusions: (i) carrier traps exist at the PE-EVA interface (depth: ca. 1.5 eV) (ii) these traps and positive carriers injected from the anode into the EVA (or generated near the anode-EVA interface) are responsible for the P4 peak.
The Discovery of the Most Accelerated Binary Pulsar

Abstract Pulsars in relativistic binary systems have emerged as fantastic natural laboratories for testing theories of gravity, the most prominent example being the double pulsar, PSR J0737–3039. The HTRU-South Low Latitude pulsar survey represents one of the most sensitive blind pulsar surveys taken of the southern Galactic plane to date, and its primary aim has been the discovery of new relativistic binary pulsars. Here we present our binary pulsar searching strategy and report on the survey’s flagship discovery, PSR J1757–1854. A 21.5-ms pulsar in a relativistic binary with an orbital period of 4.4 hours and an eccentricity of 0.61, this double neutron star (DNS) system is the most accelerated pulsar binary known, and probes a relativistic parameter space not yet explored by previous pulsar binaries.
High-performance SWIR HgCdTe FPA development on silicon substrates

We report the development of high performance low cost SWIR infrared detectors from MBEgrown HgCdTe on 3-inch CdTe-buffered silicon substrates. The experimental findings demonstrate that despite the large lattice mismatch between HgCdTe and Si substrate, the materials and detector performances are sufficiently better than those reported for III-V mixed crystals. High minority carrier lifetime of the order 3 μs at room temperature was measured on the as grown material. Photodetectors fabricated from this material produced low dark current densities on the order of 10-6 A/cm2 and 10-3 A/cm2 at 200K and 300K. Quantum efficiency exceeding 70% at 2.0 μm, without antireflective coating, was measured on single element detectors. Further, 320 X 256, 30 μm pitch FPA’s have been fabricated with this HgCdTe on Si material and dark current operability of ~ 99.5% (mean dark current of 30 pA/Pixel) at 200K has been demonstrated.
Enhancement of Hydrotropic Fractionation of Poplar Wood Using Autohydrolysis and Disk Refining Pretreatment: Morphology and Overall Chemical Characterization

Solid acids have been proposed as a hydrolytic agent for wood biomass dissolution. In this work, we presented an environmentally friendly physicochemical treatment to leave behind cellulose, dissolve hemicellulose, and remove lignin from poplar wood. Several pretreatments, such as autohydrolysis and disk refining, were compared to optimize and modify the process. The p-toluenesulfonic acid could extract lignin from wood with a small amount of cellulose degradation. Disk refining with subsequent acid hydrolysis (so-called physicochemical treatment) doubled the delignification efficiency. A comprehensive morphology and overall chemical composition were provided. The crystallinity index (CrI) of treated poplar was increased and the chemical structure was changed after physicochemical treatment. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated physicochemical treatment affected the morphology of poplar wood by removing lignin and generating fiberization. In general, this work demonstrated this physicochemical method could be a promising fractionation technology for lignocellulosic biomass due to its advantages, such as good selectivity, in removing lignin while preserving cellulose.
QUANTUM RELAXATION IN OPEN CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

Using the supersymmetry technique, we analytically derive the recent result of Casati, Maspero and Shepelyansky [cond-mat/9706103] according to which the quantum dynamics of open chaotic systems follows the classical decay up to a new quantum relaxation time scale $t_q\sim\sqrt{t_c t_H}$. This scale is larger than the classical escape time $t_c$ but still much smaller than the Heisenberg time $t_H$. For systems with orthogonal or unitary symmetry the quantum decay is slower than the classical one while for the symplectic case there is an intermediate regime in which the quantum decay is slightly faster.
Connected Network of Minima as a Model Glass: Long Time Dynamics

A simple model to investigate the long time dynamics of glass formers is presented and applied to study a Lennard-Jones system in supercooled and glassy phases. According to our model, the point representing the system in the configurational phase space performs harmonic vibrations around (and activated jumps between) minima pertaining to a connected network. Exploiting the model, in agreement with the experimental results, we find evidence for (i) stretched relaxational dynamics, (ii) a strong T dependence of the stretching parameter, and (iii) breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein law. [S0031-9007(98)07786-2]
3D analytical field calculation using triangular magnet segments applied to a skewed linear permanent magnet actuator

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present novel analytical expressions which describe the 3D magnetic field of arbitrarily magnetized triangular‐shaped charged surfaces. These versatile expressions model that the field of triangular‐shaped permanent magnets (PMs) are very suitable to model skewed slotless machines.Design/methodology/approach – The analytical 3D surface charge method is normally used to provide field expressions for PMs in free space. In this paper, the analytical surface charge integrals are analytically solved for charged right‐triangular surfaces. The resulting field is compared with that obtained by finite element modeling (FEM) and subsequently applied in two examples.Findings – The comparison with FEM shows that the 3D analytical expressions are very accurate and exhibit very low‐numerical noise. These fast‐solving versatile expressions are therefore considered suitable to model triangular‐shaped or polyhedral‐shaped PMs.Research limitations/implications – The surface charge .
Role of iron in cancer development by viruses

Increased levels of iron in body are attributed to higher cancer risk. Given the fact that 16% of all human cancers are caused by viral infections, iron is suggested to play an important role in carcinogenesis particularly those induced by viral infections. The present study provides an updated summary of the literature and the plausible mechanisms of iron involvement in cancer development by viruses. Our understanding about the interplay between viral infections and iron in different settings particularly cancer development is yet to be improved as it may shed a new light in development of new therapeutic strategies.
New Japanese Society of Dialysis Therapy Guidelines for Peritoneal Dialysis.

BACKGROUND The Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy established 14 clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for various fields of renal replacement therapy. About 10 years have passed since the previous peritoneal dialysis (PD) guidelines were established. We commenced the establishment of new PD guidelines in 2016. Recently, the methods for development of CPGs have changed dramatically. SUMMARY The previous guidelines were described in a textbook-like format. However, these kinds of guidelines no longer meet the definition of CPGs as defined by the National Academy of Medicine in the USA, according to which "CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care that are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and harms of alternative care options. " Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) is a systematic approach to rating the certainty of evidence in systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses. We have commenced the creation of new guidelines based on the same policy. The new guidelines are presented in 2 parts. Part 1 is described in a textbook-style format and includes 7 chapters, namely, Initiation of PD, Adequacy of PD, Adequate nutrition in PD patients, Evaluation of peritoneal membrane function, Discontinuation of PD for prevention of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, Management of peritonitis, and Management of the PD catheter and exit site. Part 2 comprises systematic reviews and recommendations on clinical questions (CQs) according to the GRADE system. Six CQs are included in Part 2: CQ1. Are renin-angiotensin inhibitors useful in the management of PD? CQ2. Is combination of icodextrin solution with glucose-based solution useful or not in the management of PD? CQ3. Is mupirocin or gentamicin ointment useful in the prevention of exit site infection? CQ4. Which method is more useful for the insertion of the PD catheter - open or laparoscopic surgery? CQ5. Intravenous or intraperitoneal administration, which route is more effective in the treatment of patients with PD-related peritonitis? CQ6. Which therapy is preferable for the management of diabetic end-stage renal failure, PD or HD? Key Messages: The new PD guidelines are under construction and will be completed by the beginning of 2019.
The 2019 mathematical oncology roadmap

Whether the nom de guerre is Mathematical Oncology, Computational or Systems Biology, Theoretical Biology, Evolutionary Oncology, Bioinformatics, or simply Basic Science, there is no denying that mathematics continues to play an increasingly prominent role in cancer research. Mathematical Oncology—defined here simply as the use of mathematics in cancer research—complements and overlaps with a number of other fields that rely on mathematics as a core methodology. As a result, Mathematical Oncology has a broad scope, ranging from theoretical studies to clinical trials designed with mathematical models. This Roadmap differentiates Mathematical Oncology from related fields and demonstrates specific areas of focus within this unique field of research. The dominant theme of this Roadmap is the personalization of medicine through mathematics, modelling, and simulation. This is achieved through the use of patient-specific clinical data to: develop individualized screening strategies to detect cancer earlier; make predictions of response to therapy; design adaptive, patient-specific treatment plans to overcome therapy resistance; and establish domain-specific standards to share model predictions and to make models and simulations reproducible. The cover art for this Roadmap was chosen as an apt metaphor for the beautiful, strange, and evolving relationship between mathematics and cancer.