Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conserving controversies of melting line of graphite and graphene

Investigation of melting line of graphite and liquid carbon has long history. However, up to now there are still numerous controversies in the field, for instance, the melting temperatures obtained in different experiments are in very bad agrement. In the present paper we compare several models of carbon widely used in computational studies and the results of ab-initio simulations of liquid carbon. We show that the empirical models fail to reproduce the properties of liquid carbon correctly. We also discuss the "melting" of graphene.
The Effect of Couples Coping Enhancement Counseling on Stress and Dyadic Coping on Infertile Couples: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial Study

Background The aim of this study was to determine the effect of couples coping enhancement counseling (CCEC) on stress and dyadic coping of infertile couples. Materials and Methods In this parallel randomized controlled trial study in 2020, seventy infertile couples were randomly divided into case and control groups. The intervention was performed in 7 sessions of couple counseling based on CCEC for the intervention group, no intervention was performed in the control group. Fertility Problem Inventory, Dyadic Coping Inventory and demographics questionnaires were completed by both couples separately before the intervention and 4 weeks after the last consultation session. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics 24 and statistical tests such as mean ± SD, frequency, percentage, Independent t test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and Analysis of covariance. Significant level was considered less than 0.05. Results The mean stress scores of women in the intervention group before and after intervention decreased from (156.83 ± 23.57) to (139.43 ± 22.39) and the mean scores of dyadic coping increased from (126.83 ± 19.89) to (138.26 ± 16.92), these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001), also the mean stress scores of men in the intervention group before and after the intervention decreased from (143.80 ± 23.40) to (128.03 ± 22.24), the mean scores of dyadic coping increased (131.34 ± 20.67) to (136.40 ± 19.38), these differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion Positive effects of CCEC were observed in reducing infertility stress and increasing dyadic coping in both women and men after the intervention, the effect of the intervention on women was greater than that of men. As a result, this intervention can play an important role in reducing stress and increasing the solidarity and support of infertile couples for infertility treatments (registration number: IRCT20120215009014N367).
Awareness and Knowledge of Glaucoma and their Associated Factors among People Visiting a Tertiary Level Hospital in Central Nepal.

Background Glaucoma is one of the major causes of irreversible blindness globally. Almost 60 million people globally are affected by glaucoma making it the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Diagnosis of glaucoma early on is vital for timely management and prevention of blindness. However, it is challenging to diagnose it early because it is asymptomatic in the initial stage, and there is also the dearth of appropriate screening tools. Awareness, knowledge, and beliefs are believed to influence the treatment-seeking behavior of people as well as their uptake of services. Objective To assess the awareness and knowledge about glaucoma among general patients and patient attendants visiting Dhulikhel Hospital. Method We conducted a cross sectional quantitative study among general patients visiting Dhulikhel Hospital. We collected data using face-to-face interviews with semistructured questionnaires. We analyzed data in R version 4.0. 3 (2020-10-10). We presented numerical variables as mean and standard deviation whereas categorical variables as frequency and percentage. We determined factors associated with awareness and knowledge of glaucoma using logistic regression analysis and estimated adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval. Result Of 379 participants, a total of 214 (56.5%) participants had heard about glaucoma. Out of the participants who heard about glaucoma, the mean knowledge score was 48.3±21.7 and 53.3% had good knowledge on glaucoma. The odds of having heard about glaucoma were two percent lower (AOR=0.98; 95%CI: 0.97-0.99; p-value 0.036) in the older participants compared to one year younger participant, 1.98 (95%CI:1.01-3.86; p-value 0.046) times higher among literates and 2.79 (95%CI: 1.76- 4.41; p-value < 0.001) times among participants with previous ocular examination. The odds of having good knowledge was 1.94 (95%CI: 1.10-3.42; p value 0.021) times among participants with previous ocular examinations. Conclusion The knowledge and awareness regarding glaucoma in a hospital-visiting population in central Nepal was low. Half of the participants were unaware of the disease glaucoma and half of the participants who heard of the glaucoma had poor knowledge on glaucoma.
Superconductivity of 2.2 K under Pressure in Helimagnet CrAs

We report resistivity measurements of the helimagnet CrAs under pressures. The helimagnetic transition with TN ∼ 265 K at ambient pressure is completely suppressed above a critical pressure of Pc ∼ 0.7 GPa, and superconductivity is observed at ∼2.2 K for zero resistance, which exists in a wide pressure range extending beyond 3 GPa. Both the upper critical field Hc2 and the coefficient A in the resistivity increase toward Pc, suggesting that the superconductivity of CrAs is mediated by electronic correlations enhanced in the vicinity of the helimagnetic phase.
Spexin in the European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax: Characterization, brain distribution, and interaction with Gnrh and Gnih neurons

Spexin (Spx) is a recently characterized neuropeptide implicated in multiple physiological processes in vertebrates, including reproduction, food intake, and regulation of anxiety and stress. Two orthologs (Spx1 and Spx2) are present in some nonmammalian vertebrates, including teleosts. However, information on the distribution of Spx in the brain and its interactions with other neuroendocrine systems in fish is still scarce. In this work, we cloned and sequenced the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Spx1, which included a 27 aa signal peptide and a mature peptide of 14 aa that is C‐terminal amidated. spx1 transcripts were higher in the diencephalon/caudal preoptic area/hypothalamus and medulla but were also detected in the olfactory bulbs, telencephalon/rostral preoptic area, optic tectum/tegmentum, cerebellum/pons, and pituitary. The immunohistochemical study revealed Spx1‐immunoreactive (ir) cells in different nuclei of the preoptic area, habenula, prethalamus, mesencephalic tegmentum and in the proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia of the pituitary. Spx1‐ir fibers were widely distributed throughout the brain being particularly abundant in the midbrain and hindbrain, in close contact with tegmental gonadotropin‐releasing hormone 2 (Gnrh2) cells and isthmic gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (Gnih) cells of the secondary gustatory nucleus. Moreover, Gnih fibers were observed innervating Spx1‐ir cells lying in several subdivisions of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus and in the lateral nucleus of the valvula, whereas ventrolateral prethalamic Spx1‐ir cells received immunopositive Gnrh2 fibers. In the pituitary, Gnrh1‐ir fibers were observed closely associated with Spx1‐ir cells of the PPD. These results suggest that Spx1 could be involved in both reproductive and nonreproductive (i.e., food intake, behavior) functions in sea bass.
Anapole-Assisted Strong Field Enhancement in Individual All-Dielectric Nanostructures

High-index dielectric nanostructures have recently become prominent forefront alternatives for manipulating light at the nanoscale. Their electric and magnetic resonances with intriguing characteristics endow them with a unique ability to strongly enhance near-field effects with minimal absorption. Similar to their metallic counterparts, dielectric oligomers consisting of two or more coupled particles are generally employed to create localized optical fields. Here we show that individual all-dielectric nanostructures, with rational designs, can produce strong electric fields with intensity enhancements exceeding 3 orders of magnitude. Such a striking effect is demonstrated within a Si nanodisk by fully exploiting anapole generation and simultaneously introducing a slot area with high-contrast interfaces. By performing finite-difference time-domain simulations and multipole decomposition analysis, we systematically investigate both far-field and near-field properties of the slotted disk and reveal a subtle.
J06587-5558: a very unusual polarized radio source

We have found a peculiar radio source, J06587 - 5558, in the field of one of the hottest known clusters of galaxies, 1E 06572 - 56. It is slightly extended and highly polarized (54 per cent at 8.8 GHz), and has a very steep spectrum, with α ~ -1 at 1.3 GHz, steepening to ~ -1 . 5 at 8.8 GHz (S∝vα). No extragalactic sources are known with such high integrated polarization, and sources with spectra as steep as this are rare. In this Letter, we report the unusual properties of the source J06587 - 5558 and speculate on its origin and optical identification.
Dynamics of a stratified vortex under the complete Coriolis force: two-dimensional three-components evolution

Abstract We study the dynamics of an initially axisymmetric and vertical Lamb–Oseen vortex in a stratified-rotating fluid under the complete Coriolis force on the $f$ plane, i.e. in the presence of a background rotation both along the vertical and horizontal directions. By a combination of direct numerical simulations and asymptotic analyses for small horizontal background rotation, we show that a critical layer appears at the radius where the angular velocity of the vortex is equal to the buoyancy frequency when the Froude number is larger than unity. This critical layer generates a vertical velocity that is invariant along the vertical and which first increases linearly with time and then saturates at an amplitude scaling like $Re^{1/3}/\widetilde{Ro}$, where $Re$ is the Reynolds number and $\widetilde {Ro}$ the non-traditional Rossby number based on the horizontal component of the background rotation. In turn, a quasi-axisymmetric anomaly of vertical vorticity is produced at the critical radius through the non-traditional Coriolis force. Below a critical $\widetilde {Ro}$ depending on $Re$, the Rayleigh's inflectional criterion is satisfied and a shear instability is subsequently triggered rendering the vertical vorticity fully non-axisymmetric. The decay of the angular velocity is then enhanced until it is everywhere lower than the buoyancy frequency. A theoretical criterion derived from the Rayleigh condition predicts well the instability. It shows that this phenomenon can occur even for a large non-traditional Rossby number $\widetilde {Ro}$ for large $Re$. Hence, the non-traditional Coriolis force might have much more impact on geophysical vortices than anticipated by considering the order of magnitude of $\widetilde {Ro}$.
A Robust Approach to Inventory Optimization Under Uncertainty

In this paper we present an application of robust optimization to inventory optimization under uncertainty. We represent uncertainty in a constraint based framework derived from basic economic principles. This approach offers the ability to use information theoretic concepts to quantify the amount of information used in the optimization. The results are shown to correspond to classical models such as EOQ in simple cases. Not only this, the presented model easily incorporates more realistic constraints, which are complicated and are not easily incorporated by the classical models.
Classical Algebraic Geometry: A Modern View

Algebraic geometry has benefited enormously from the powerful general machinery developed in the latter half of the twentieth century. The cost has been that much of the research of previous generations is in a language unintelligible to modern workers, in particular, the rich legacy of classical algebraic geometry, such as plane algebraic curves of low degree, special algebraic surfaces, theta functions, Cremona transformations, the theory of apolarity and the geometry of lines in projective spaces. The author's contemporary approach makes this legacy accessible to modern algebraic geometers and to others who are interested in applying classical results. The vast bibliography of over 600 references is complemented by an array of exercises that extend or exemplify results given in the book.
Constraints on light WIMP candidates from the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission

Motivated by the measurements reported by direct detection experiments, most notably DAMA, CDMS-II, CoGeNT and Xenon10/100, we study further the constraints that might be set on some light dark matter candidates, MDM ~ few GeV, using the Fermi-LAT data on the isotropic gamma-ray diffuse emission. In particular, we consider a Dirac fermion singlet interacting through a new Z' gauge boson, and a scalar singlet S interacting through the Higgs portal. Both candidates are WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles), i.e. they have an annihilation cross-section in the pbarn range. Also they may both have a spin-independent elastic cross section on nucleons in the range required by direct detection experiments. Although being generic WIMP candidates, because they have different interactions with Standard Model particles, their phenomenology regarding the isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission is quite distinct. In the case of the scalar singlet, the one-to-one correspondence between its annihilation cross-section and its spin-independent elastic scattering cross-section permits to express the constraints from the Fermi-LAT data in the direct detection exclusion plot, σn0−MDM. Depending on the astrophysics, we argue that it is possible to exclude the singlet scalar dark matter candidate at 95% confidence level. The constraints on the Dirac singlet interacting through a Z' are comparatively weaker.
mmWave/5G RFID Systems for Long-Range Wireless Sensing and Remote Localization Applications

In recent years, the tremendous growth in the demand for consumer electronics combined with the advances in the area of millimeter-waves (mmWave) has enabled great improvement in the field of Internet of Things (IoT), which is consequently paving the way for our societies to make the idea of Smart Cities possible. Some applications that lie under the ‘Smart Cities’ scope include structural health monitoring, ubiquitous biochemical and health monitoring, positioning and localization applications, as well as low-cost energy harvesting devices. In addition, the realm of virtual reality (VR) has also drawn tremendous attention among regular consumers, increasing the need for improving our current technologies related to digital twins in order to map physical objects into the digital world.
Energetic Particles of Cosmic Accelerators II: Active Galactic Nuclei and Gamma-ray Bursts

The high-energy universe has revealed that energetic particles are ubiquitous in the cosmos and play a vital role in the cultivation of cosmic environments on all scales. Though they play a key role in cultivating the cosmological environment and/or enabling our studies of it, there is still much we do not know about AGNs and GRBs, particularly the avenue in which and through which they supply radiation and energetic particles, namely their jets. This White Paper is the second of a two-part series highlighting the most well-known high-energy cosmic accelerators and contributions that MeV gamma-ray astronomy will bring to understanding their energetic particle phenomena. The focus of this white paper is active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts.
Improved Constant-weight PIR with an Extension for Multi-query

Homomorphic equality operator is essential for many secure computation tasks such as private information retrieval (PIR). However, the folklore homomorphic equality operator is typically considered to be impractical as its multiplicative depth depends on the input bit-length. In Usenix SEC ’22, Mahdavi-Kerschbaum propose a homomorphic equality operator with a constant multiplicative depth, based on constant-weight code. On that basis, they propose constant-weight PIR (CwPIR for short); compared with other PIR protocols, CwPIR is more friendly to databases with large payloads and can support keyword query almost for free. Unfortunately, CwPIR cannot support databases with a large number of elements, which limits its real-world impact. In this paper, we propose a homomorphic constant-weight equality operator that supports batch processing, hence it can perform thousands of equality checks with a much smaller amortized cost. Based on this improved homomorphic equality operator, we propose a novel PIR protocol named PIRANA , which inherits all advantages of CwPIR with a significant improvement in supporting more elements. We further extend PIRANA to support multi-query. To the best of our knowledge, PIRANA is the first multi-query PIR that can save both computation and communication. Our experimental results show that our single-query PIRANA is upto 30.8 × faster than CwPIR; our multi-query PIRANA saves upto 163.9 × communication over the state-of-the-art multi-query PIR (with a similar computational cost).
High-throughput transposon mutagenesis in the family Enterobacteriaceae reveals core essential genes and rapid turnover of essentiality

The Enterobacteriaceae are a scientifically and medically important clade of bacteria, containing the gut commensal and model organism Escherichia coli, as well as several major human pathogens including multiple serovars of Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Essential gene sets have been determined for several members of the Enterobacteriaceae, with the E. coli Keio single-gene deletion library often regarded as a gold standard for gene essentiality studies. However, it remains unclear how gene essentiality varies between related strains and species. To investigate this, we have assembled a collection of thirteen sequenced high-density transposon mutant libraries from five genera within the Enterobacteriaceae. We first benchmark a number of gene essentiality prediction approaches, investigate the effects of transposon density on essentiality prediction, and identify biases in transposon insertion sequencing data. Based on these investigations we develop a new classifier for gene essentiality. Using this new classifier, we define a core essential genome in the Enterobacteriaceae of 201 universally essential genes, and reconstruct an ancestral essential gene set of 296 genes. Despite the presence of a large cohort of variably essential genes, surprisingly we find an absence of evidence for genus-specific essential genes. A clear example of this sporadic essentiality is given by the set of genes regulating the σE extracytoplasmic stress response, which appears to have independently become essential multiple times in the Enterobacteriaceae. Finally, we compare our essential gene sets to the natural experiment of gene loss in obligate insect endosymbionts that have emerged from within the Enterobacteriaceae. This isolates a remarkably small set of genes absolutely required for survival, and uncovers several instances of essential stress responses masked by redundancy in free-living bacteria.
Cortical-brainstem interplay during speech perception in older adults with and without hearing loss

Real-time modulation of brainstem frequency-following responses (FFRs) by online changes in cortical arousal state via the corticofugal (top-down) pathway has been demonstrated previously in young adults and is more prominent in the presence of background noise. FFRs during high cortical arousal states also have a stronger relationship with speech perception. Aging is associated with increased auditory brain responses, which might reflect degraded inhibitory processing within the peripheral and ascending pathways, or changes in attentional control regulation via descending auditory pathways. Here, we tested the hypothesis that online corticofugal interplay is impacted by age-related hearing loss. We measured EEG in older adults with normal-hearing (NH) and mild to moderate hearing-loss (HL) while they performed speech identification tasks in different noise backgrounds. We measured α power to index online cortical arousal states during task engagement. Subsequently, we split brainstem speech-FFRs, on a trial-by-trial basis, according to fluctuations in concomitant cortical α power into low or high α FFRs to index cortical-brainstem modulation. We found cortical α power was smaller in the HL than NH group. In NH listeners, α-FFRs modulation for clear speech (i.e., without noise) also resembled that previously observed in younger adults for speech in noise. Cortical-brainstem modulation was further diminished in HL older adults in the clear condition and by noise in NH older adults. Machine learning classification showed low α FFR frequency spectra yielded higher accuracy for classifying listeners’ perceptual performance in both NH and HL participants. Moreover, low α FFRs decreased with increased hearing thresholds at 0.5-2 kHz for clear speech but noise generally reduced low α FFRs in the HL group. Collectively, our study reveals cortical arousal state actively shapes brainstem speech representations and provides a potential new mechanism for older listeners’ difficulties perceiving speech in cocktail party-like listening situations in the form of a miss-coordination between cortical and subcortical levels of auditory processing.
Open Research Online Secular and orbital-scale variability of equatorial Indian Ocean summer monsoon winds during the late Miocene

In the modern northern Indian Ocean, biological productivity is intimately linked to near-surface oceanographic dynamics forced by the South Asian, or Indian, monsoon. In the late Pleistocene, this strong seasonal signal is transferred to the sedimentary record in the form of strong variance in the precession band (19–23 kyr), because precession dominates low-latitude insolation variations and drives seasonal contrast in oceanographic conditions. In addition, internal climate system feedbacks (e.g. ice-sheet albedo, carbon cycle, topography) play a key role in monsoon variability. Little is known about orbital-scale monsoon variability in the pre-Pleistocene, when atmospheric CO 2 levels and global temperatures were higher. In addition, many questions remain open regarding the timing of the initiation and intensiﬁcation of the South Asian monsoon during the Miocene, an interval of signiﬁcant global climate change that culminated in bipolar glaciation. Here, we present new high-resolution ( < 1 kyr) records of export productivity and sediment accumulation from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1443 in the southernmost part of the Bay of Bengal spanning the late Miocene (9 to 5 million years ago). Un-derpinned by a new orbitally tuned benthic isotope stratigraphy, we use X-ray ﬂuorescence-derived biogenic barium variations to discern productivity trends and rhythms. Results show strong eccentricity-modulated precession-band productivity variations throughout the late Miocene, interpreted to reﬂect insolation forcing of summer monsoon wind strength in the equatorial Indian Ocean. On long timescales, our data support the interpretation that South Asian monsoon winds were already established by 9 Ma in the equatorial sector of the Indian Ocean, with no apparent intensiﬁcation over the latest Miocene.
Say Nothing, Do Nothing, Get Things Done: A Short Exposition of Taoist Epistemology in the Light of Abrahamic Teleology and Ontology

The Western idea of religion is of something that one does, aside from what one believes. We separate belief from action. This paper examines the Abrahamic idea of belief and the need for historicity and compares this to the Taoist belief in Lao Tzu and the lack of a need for a historical founder in terms of practice and belief. Semiotic Deconstruction