Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An experimental analysis of canopy flows

An analysis of forest canopy flows with a wind tunnel model at high Reynolds number is presented and discussed. Measured mean velocity and Reynolds stress profiles agree with observations made in real canopies with no sensible Reynolds number dependence, adding confidence to the results obtained with the present setup. The analysis of power density spectra of the three velocity components and of the shear stress co-spectra is reported with new coordinate scalings able to improve the collapse of the spectra compared to standard normalizations. This scaling is mostly based on the respective integral time scale and a simple fit is proposed to estimate such a quantity in real canopies. From the analysis of joint probability density functions, three different regions have been localized where a change in the coherent structure behavior is supposed to take place, similarly to what happens in rough wall turbulent boundary layers.
Tau PET Visual Reads: Research and Clinical Applications and Future Directions

B iomarkers for tau pathology are essential to the latest Alzheimer disease (AD) research framework ( 1 ). Phosphorylated tau, the primary component of neuro ﬁ brillary tangles, is measurable in cerebrospinal ﬂ uid and plasma, but these ﬂ uid biomarkers do not capture the spatial dynamics of tau accumulation and spread (Braak staging) ( 2 – 4 ). Over the last decade, radiotracers that selectively bind to aggregated tau in neuro ﬁ brillary tangles have been developed, enabling diagnosis, mapping, and quanti ﬁ cation of this pathology in living people ( 2,4,5 ). Tau PET correlates with other regional pathologic changes (synaptic loss, hypometabolism, and brain atro-phy), domain-speci ﬁ c cognitive scores, and cognitive decline in people with AD ( 2 ). In AD clinical trials, tau PET is increasingly being used in participant selection, pretreatment staging, and measurement of treatment response ( 6 ). In the future, tau PET could become an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical practice. 18 F- ﬂ ortaucipir is the most
Design considerations for uncooled InAs mid-infrared light emitting diodes grown by liquid phase epitaxy

We report on an experimental investigation of the influence of different design parameters and their relative importance in the fabrication of uncooled InAs light emitting diodes. In addition, optimization of the key variables involved in the liquid phase growth of these devices, the careful consideration of carrier confinement, current spreading, re-absorption and optical extraction were also found to be essential in order to obtain maximum output.
How to select the initial dose for a pediatric study?

ABSTRACT In typical clinical development programs, a new drug is first developed for the adult use. Drugs are often approved for adult use or in the process of obtaining approval in adults in the target indication before pediatric development is initiated. In designing the first pediatric clinical trial, one of the challenges is to select the initial dose to be tested. The ICH E11 R1 guidance advises that chronologic age alone may not always be the most appropriate categorical determinant to define developmental subgroups in pediatric studies. In this manuscript, the approaches to utilize available data in adults related to those factors beyond age to inform the starting dose selection in pediatric drug development are discussed. Practical considerations and approaches are provided for informing pediatric starting dose. Additional considerations to use pre-clinical information are provided in the case when adult information is limited or not available.
Electron states in quantum rings with structural distortions under axial or in-plane magnetic fields

A comprehensive study of anisotropic quantum rings, QRs, subject to axial and in-plane magnetic field, both aligned and transverse to the anisotropy direction, is carried out. Elliptical QRs for a wide range of eccentricity values and also perfectly circular QRs including one or more barriers disturbing the QR current are considered. These models mimic anisotropic geometry deformations and mass diffusion occurring in the QR fabrication process. Symmetry considerations and simplified analytical models supply physical insight into the obtained numerical results. Our study demonstrates that, except for unusual extremely large eccentricities, QR geometry deformations only appreciably influence a few low-lying states, while the effect of barriers disturbing the QR current is stronger and affects all studied states to a similar extent. We also show that the response of the electron states to in-plane magnetic fields provides accurate information on the structural anisotropy.
Postzygotic Breakages of Dicentric Chromosomes: A Rare Mechanism of Terminal Deletions

We report a patient presenting with neurodevelopmental disorder, cleft palate, micrognathia, relatively mild microcephaly (−2 SD), and ventricular septal defect for whom a 9p terminal deletion was identified by aCGH at birth. The analyses of the samples taken prenatally showed that this terminal deletion resulted from the recombination of a dicentric chromosome which was transmitted to the zygote. Indeed, an inverted duplication with terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9 [invdupdel(9p)] was found in a mosaic state in the placenta. To our knowledge, it is the first reported patient with a terminal deletion present in all tested cells of the blood associated with an invdupdel of the same chromosome in the placenta. This case highlights the role of postzygotic breakages of dicentric chromosomes, a possible underestimated mechanism of formation of terminal deletions. It raises the question of genetic counseling in cases of prenatally detected invdupdels.
Comparison between Cystatin C- and Creatinine-Based Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Follow-Up of Patients Recovering from a Stage-3 AKI in ICU

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients is associated with a significant increase in mortality as well as long-term renal dysfunction and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serum creatinine (SCr), the most widely used biomarker to evaluate kidney function, does not always accurately predict the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), since it is affected by some non-GFR determinants such as muscle mass and recent meat ingestion. Researchers and clinicians have gained interest in cystatin C (CysC), another biomarker of kidney function. The study objective was to compare GFR estimation using SCr and CysC in detecting CKD over a 1-year follow-up after an AKI stage-3 event in the ICU, as well as to analyze the association between eGFR (using SCr and CysC) and mortality after the AKI event. Method: This prospective observational study used the medical records of ICU patients diagnosed with AKI stage 3. SCr and CysC were measured twice during the ICU stay and four times following diagnosis of AKI. The eGFR was calculated using the EKFC equation for SCr and FAS equation for CysC in order to check the prevalence of CKD (defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Results: The study enrolled 101 patients, 36.6% of whom were female, with a median age of 74 years (30–92), and a median length of stay of 14.5 days in intensive care. A significant difference was observed in the estimation of GFR when comparing formulas based on SCrand CysC, resulting in large differences in the prediction of CKD. Three months after the AKI event, eGFRCysC < 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a predictive factor of mortality later on; however, this was not the case for eGFRSCr. Conclusion: The incidence of CKD was highly discrepant with eGFRCysC versus eGFRSCr during the follow-up period. CysC detects more CKD events compared to SCr in the follow-up phase and eGFRCysC is a predictor for mortality in follow-up but not eGFRSCr. Determining the proper marker to estimate GFR in the post-ICU period in AKI stage-3 populations needs further study to improve risk stratification.
Simulation of nucleotide substitution rates in a DNA using JC69 model

Exploring the exponential of a matrix, we derived the rate matrix by extending the Poisson distribution to Differential equation. The solution of which gave rise to the continuous time Markov transition probability matrix From who estimated the MLE of JC69 substitution model as approximately equal to 0.2 we generated the probability transition matrix with the four states as Adenine ( Guanine , Cytosine ) and Thymine Using and Excel with varying values for rate with a constant time of 1, the simulation showed that at the point when rate tends to infinity, over which a nucleotide sequence had been allowed to evolve, the proportion of nucleotides of each type and will reach for each. And this limiting distribution is called the stationary distribution and is maintained.
Some constructions for block sequences of Steiner quadruple systems with error correcting consecutive unions

In this article, we investigate a block sequence of a Steiner quadruple system which contains the blocks exactly once such that the collection of all blocks together with all unions of two consecutive blocks of the sequence forms an error correcting code with minimum distance four. In particular, we give two recursive constructions and obtain infinitely many such sequences by utilizing individual sequences as starters of the recursions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 152–163, 2008
Ghosts and matter couplings in massive gravity, bigravity and multigravity

Recently, several works have investigated the coupling to matter in ghost-free massive bigravity and multigravity and a new effective coupling to matter has been proposed. In this paper we clarify some confusion on the existence and the implications of a ghost above the strong coupling scale. We confirm that the standard constraint which is otherwise typically present in this type of theories disappears on generic backgrounds as soon as this new coupling is considered. This implies the reemergence of the Boulware-Deser ghost. Nevertheless the absence of ghost in the decoupling limit implies that the cutoff scale (if identified with the scale at which the ghost enters) is higher than the strong coupling scale. Therefore there is a valid interesting region of applicability for these couplings at scales below the cutoff.
Secondary electron emission from Martian soil simulant

In the recent years, growing interest in dust charging physics is connected with several lander missions running on or planned to the Moon, Mars, and Mercury for a near future. In support of these missions, laboratory simulations are a potential tool to optimize in situ exploration and measurements. In the paper, we have investigated electrical properties of a Martian soil simulant prepared at the Johnson Space Center under name JSC Mars‐1 using the dust charging experiment when a single dust grain is trapped in a vacuum chamber and its secondary electron emission is studied. The exposure of the grain to the electron beam revealed that the grain surface potential is low and generally determined by a mean atomic number of the grain material at a low‐energy range (<1 keV), whereas it can reach a limit of the field ion emission being irradiated by more energetic electrons. A comparison of model and experimental results reveals an influence of the grain shape and size predominantly in the range of higher (>2 keV) electron energies. We discuss possible implications of the secondary electron emission for the presence of lightnings on Mars.
Assessment of hostile intent attributions across escalating conflict stories.

Previous research suggests the importance of intent attributions in the development and maintenance of aggressive behavior. The primary purpose of the current study was to develop a measure assessing increases in attributions of hostility in response to escalating social conflict scenarios that were relational and instrumental in nature and to determine whether hostility trajectories were associated with relevant social experiences and behavior. A sample of primarily emerging adults (n = 750; M age = 19.97, SD = 3.60; 49.4% women, 48.3% men, 2.3% nonbinary or transgender; 69.9% Caucasian) responded to surveys regarding social behavior, peer victimization, and reports of hostile attribution biases in addition to the developed measure. Findings indicated that individuals adjusted their intent attributions across the conflict escalation stories, as reflected in linear increases in hostility ratings. Hostile attribution trajectories were also related to hostile attribution biases, peer victimization, and social behavior, including physical and relational aggression and prosocial behavior.
Linear and nonlinear simulations of aircraft dynamics using body axis system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison of nonlinear and linear simulations of aircraft dynamics to determine the divergence of the linear solution from the nonlinear solution.Design/methodology/approach – The general equations of motion of a transport aircraft are presented both in nonlinear and linear form. The nonlinear equations are solved by using the Runge Kutta method. Linear equations are solved numerically by using the Runge Kutta method and they are also solved exactly by using the Laplace transformation method. All of these solutions are obtained by using the body axis system. The results of the simulations are plotted for different control deflections.Findings – Solution of linear equations by both methods gave the same results as expected. There are important differences in amplitude and frequency of oscillations which are obtained by using nonlinear and linear equations. These differences increase with growing input control deflection. Therefore, it is appropriate to p.
Proactive Risk Assessment through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for Perioperative Management Model of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy: A Pilot Project

Introduction: Correct perioperative management of anticoagulant therapy is essential to prevent thromboembolic events and reduce the risk of bleeding. The lack of universally accepted guidelines makes perioperative anticoagulant therapy management difficult. The present study aims to identify the perioperative risks of oral anticoagulant therapy and to reduce adverse events through Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Materials and Methods: A multidisciplinary working group was set up, and four main phases of the process were identified. Each of these phases was divided into micro-activities to identify the related possible failure modes and their potential consequences. The Risk Priority Number was calculated for each failure mode. Results and Discussion: Seventeen failure modes were identified in the entire perioperative period; those with a higher priority of intervention concern the incorrect timing between therapy suspension and surgery, and the incorrect assessment of the bleeding risk related to the invasive procedure. Conclusion: The FMEA method can help identify anticoagulant therapy perioperative failures and implement the management and patient safety of surgical procedures.
The dynamics of four multiple-nuclei brightest cluster galaxies

Environ 50% de toutes les galaxies de premier rang dans les amas sont vues avec deux noyaux ou plus dans les 20 kpc du centre de luminosite du systeme (H 0 =50 kms −1 Mpc −1 ). On presente les mesures spectroscopiques KPNO HGVS et les images Palomar CCD pour les composantes nucleaires de 4 systemes a noyaux multiples trouves dans les amas Abell 400, 671, 1185 et 2052
Regulation of Papillary Muscle Contractility by NAD and Ammonia Interplay: Contribution of Ion Channels and Exchangers

Various models, including stem cells derived and isolated cardiomyocytes with overexpressed channels, are utilized to analyze the functional interplay of diverse ion currents involved in cardiac automaticity and excitation–contraction coupling control. Here, we used β-NAD and ammonia, known hyperpolarizing and depolarizing agents, respectively, and applied inhibitory analysis to reveal the interplay of several ion channels implicated in rat papillary muscle contractility control. We demonstrated that: 4 mM β-NAD, having no strong impact on resting membrane potential (RMP) and action potential duration (APD90) of ventricular cardiomyocytes, evoked significant suppression of isometric force (F) of paced papillary muscle. Reactive blue 2 restored F to control values, suggesting the involvement of P2Y-receptor-dependent signaling in β-NAD effects. Meantime, 5 mM NH4Cl did not show any effect on F of papillary muscle but resulted in significant RMP depolarization, APD90 shortening, and a rightward shift of I–V relationship for total steady state currents in cardiomyocytes. Paradoxically, NH4Cl, being added after β-NAD and having no effect on RMP, APD, and I–V curve, recovered F to the control values, indicating β-NAD/ammonia antagonism. Blocking of HCN, Kir2.x, and L-type calcium channels, Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK, IK, and BK), or NCX exchanger reverse mode prevented this effect, indicating consistent cooperation of all currents mediated by these channels and NCX. We suggest that the activation of Kir2.x and HCN channels by extracellular K+, that creates positive and negative feedback, and known ammonia and K+ resemblance, may provide conditions required for the activation of all the chain of channels involved in the interplay. Here, we present a mechanistic model describing an interplay of channels and second messengers, which may explain discovered antagonism of β-NAD and ammonia on rat papillary muscle contractile activity.
An optimal design problem for limited processor sharing systems

An optimal design problem is considered for processor-sharing service systems, where the number of customers served simultaneously is limited to a fixed finite number (called multiplicity). The decision variable is the multiplicity and the optimal criterion is to minimize the mean number of customers in the system, or, alternatively, to minimize the mean sojourn time for a customer. It is proved that the processor-sharing discipline with any multiplicity ameliorates the system performance if a service-requirement distribution is an NWU (new worse than used) type and deteriorates the performance if the distribution type is Erlangian. Moreover, it is conjectured through numerical results that the limited processor-sharing system will ameliorate (deteriorate) the performance if the coefficient of variation of the service-requirement distribution is larger (smaller) than 1.
Listeria monocytogenes—How This Pathogen Uses Its Virulence Mechanisms to Infect the Hosts

Listeriosis is a serious food-borne illness, especially in susceptible populations, including children, pregnant women, and elderlies. The disease can occur in two forms: non-invasive febrile gastroenteritis and severe invasive listeriosis with septicemia, meningoencephalitis, perinatal infections, and abortion. Expression of each symptom depends on various bacterial virulence factors, immunological status of the infected person, and the number of ingested bacteria. Internalins, mainly InlA and InlB, invasins (invasin A, LAP), and other surface adhesion proteins (InlP1, InlP4) are responsible for epithelial cell binding, whereas internalin C (InlC) and actin assembly-inducing protein (ActA) are involved in cell-to-cell bacterial spread. L. monocytogenes is able to disseminate through the blood and invade diverse host organs. In persons with impaired immunity, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can also cross the blood–brain and placental barriers, which results in the invasion of the central nervous system and fetus infection, respectively. The aim of this comprehensive review is to summarize the current knowledge on the epidemiology of listeriosis and L. monocytogenes virulence mechanisms that are involved in host infection, with a special focus on their molecular and cellular aspects. We believe that all this information is crucial for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes infection.
QUANTIFICATION OF HYDRATION PRODUCTS IN RICE HUSK ASH (RHA)-BLENDED CEMENT CONCRETE WITH CRUMB WASTE RUBBER TIRES (CWRT) & ITS CORRELATION WITH MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE

: Previous studies on the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a replacement of cement focused on attributing the strength enhancements in mechanical strength in hardened concrete to its pozzolanic reactivity. Investigation of the pozzolanic reaction RHA in terms of cement hydration has yet to be examined. This study intended to assess the pozzolanic activity of RHA by quantification of calcium hydroxide (CH) and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel in RHA-blended cement pastes using simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential-thermal analysis (TG-DTA). Moreover, the application of crumb waste rubber tire (CWRT) in concrete as fine aggregate replacement is known to reduce mechanical strength. Thus, the pozzolanic reaction of RHA compensating the strength loss by CWRT was also investigated. Two types of RHA, from open-air burning (RHA-O) and thermal power plant (RHA-T), were used in casting cement pastes and mortars with 0%, 7.5%, 12.5%, and 17.5% replacement of cement (by weight). Finally, concrete with fixed optimal RHA and 5%, 10%, and 15% CWRT (by volume) were tested for compression and splitting tensile strength. Results from TG-DTA revealed reductions in quantified CH contents and increase in C-S-H gel contents in cement pastes with RHA indicating pozzolanic reaction. Decreasing CH content corresponded to increasing compressive strength highlighting the strength enhancement by pozzolanic activity, optimal at 17.5% using RHA-O. For concrete, results showed that incorporating 17.5% RHA-O and 5% CWRT provided comparable compressive strength and higher splitting tensile strength than normal concrete, signifying the compensation of strength loss of CWRT by RHA.
Smooth estimation of a monotone density

We investigate the interplay of smoothness and monotonicity assumptions when estimating a density from a sample of observations. The nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator of a decreasing density on the positive half line attains a rate of convergence of [Formula: See Text] at a fixed point t if the density has a negative derivative at t. The same rate is obtained by a kernel estimator of bandwidth [Formula: See Text], but the limit distributions are different. If the density is both differentiable at t and known to be monotone, then a third estimator is obtained by isotonization of a kernel estimator. We show that this again attains the rate of convergence [Formula: See Text], and compare the limit distributions of the three types of estimators. It is shown that both isotonization and smoothing lead to a more concentrated limit distribution and we study the dependence on the proportionality constant in the bandwidth. We also show that isotonization does not change the limit behaviour of a kernel esti.