Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El sistema de información contable del Hospital San Julián de Albacete entre 1838 y 1859. (Accounting information at the Hospital San Julian in Albacete among 1838 and 1859)

En el presente trabajo abordamos el estudio del sistema hospitalario de la provincia de Albacete, concretamente del Hospital de San Julian durante el periodo comprendido entre 1838 y 1859, cuando su gestion corria a cuenta de la Junta Municipal de Beneficencia. Hemos analizado la contabilidad llevada en dicho establecimiento, basada aun en un sistema de “cargo y data”, a pesar de que hay constancia de anotaciones por partida doble desde finales del siglo XIII. In this work, we study the hospital system in the province of Albacete, particularly San Julian Hospital in the period from 1838 to 1859 when it was managed by the Municipal Council of Charity. We have analysed the accounting of this institution which was based on the so-called “cargo y data” system, although there are records of double-entry bookkeeping since the end of the 13th century.
Effect of Ar‐Based Reactive Ion Etching on the Ohmic Contacts in Gallium Oxide Field Effect Transistor

Herein, ultra‐wideband gap semiconductor β‐gallium oxide (β–Ga2O3) over sapphire ( 2¯01$\bar{2} 01$ orientation) is investigated for ohmic contact improvement with the help of argon (Ar)‐based reactive ion etching (RIE). Postannealing effects of these contacts over ( 2¯01$\bar{2} 01$ orientation) gallium oxide samples are also investigated. The surface defects and oxygen vacancies generated by Ar etching lead to the formation of as‐deposited ohmic contacts with the Ti/Au metal stack. A contact resistance of 10.52 Ω mm with a specific contact resistivity of 2.24 × 10−4 Ω cm2 is achieved with 10 min Ar RIE prior metallization. However, the contacts further degrade when samples are subjected to annealing. The electrical measurements and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy elemental mappings at samples after annealing reveal that it is due to the formation of titanium oxide (TiOx) compound which acts as an insulator and concurrent with the out‐diffusion of Ga and in‐diffusion of gold. These results show the impact of anisotropy of gallium oxide over different annealing temperatures. These results and techniques may pave the way for better ohmic contacts for gallium oxide‐based high‐voltage and high‐power applications.
A Review on Contentious Role of HSV1 in Alzheimer’s Disease and Natural Dietary Benefits to Prevent HSV

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) is a neuro-invasive virus causing lifelong latent infection in humans. It increases the risk of dementia by entering inside the brain. Herpesviruses have been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. More than 50 million people worldwide are affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is becoming more prevalent with the increase age-related neurodegenerative diseases, dementia, etc. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better understanding of the pathogenesis of AD as well as its early detection. HSV-1 is a risk factor of for the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, prior diagnosis of disease cycle of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in brain tissue will help us to prevent AD in elderly patients. Serological assays were the first choice of detection including whole-antigen-based (non-gG-specific) methods and western blotting (WB) assays, but quantitative PCR (qPCR) & genomic sequencing has shown better efficiency. Recently RNAscope, a novel in situ RNA hybridization assay is developed to visualize and detect the multiple phases of HSV-1. In this review, we discussed about early detection of tau and β-amyloid protein which are biomarkers of AD and track the deposition of amyloid plaques reminiscent in brain. We also discussed the current work on HSV detection through RNAscope hybridization technique & summarized the role of dietary habits as a precautionary measure of the infection as well as anthropological diversification of dementia in India and factors influencing it. We also pointed out some knowledge gaps that are further required to be taken after detection of the infection.
HW-FUTEX: Hardware-Assisted Futex Syscall

Efficient thread synchronization primitives are crucial in modern computer systems for the performant execution of interdependent code segments. In Linux, the futex() syscall is used to construct blocking synchronization primitives such as mutexes or conditional variables. When using futex, the uncontended case is efficiently handled entirely in user space. In the event of contention, the kernel is called to put the waiting thread to sleep until the state of the primitive changes to uncontended. The kernel must be notified of this change by a futex() syscall to wake-up the sleeping thread. This syscall must be issued by the thread that changes the primitive, which is a significant burden on this thread. To remove this burden, we introduce HW-FUTEX to offload the futex wake functionality to a hardware unit (HW Unit) that asynchronously initiates wake-ups of the sleeping threads. This reduces the time required to issue the futex wake functionality by at least 90% to 350 cycles, with no additional overhead in the uncontended case.
A Comparison of Hydrogen and Gasoline Piston Ring Simulations

This paper presents a transient mixed-lubrication hydrodynamic and gas flow simulation model for a piston ring pack for a four-stroke internal combustion engine. The analyses carried out compare two fuel types, hydrogen and gasoline, at a 2000 rpm low engine load (20%), as well as 3000 rpm low (20%) and high (100%) engine loads, to investigate the effects of the different fuels and loading conditions on the ring pack. In particular, the minimum oil film thickness at the top compression ring, the total ring friction of the ring pack, the friction power loss and the blow-by are studied. The simulation shows that, under the high load conditions at 3000 rpm, the hydrogen variant exhibits larger friction power losses, around a 200 W peak difference and larger blow-by throughout the expansion stroke of the engine cycle. A similar trend can be observed for the low loads, where larger friction power losses with peak differences of 30 W and 40 W for 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm, respectively, are observed. The blow-by results for the low load at 2000 rpm show a slight increase of approximately 22% more gas flow into the crankcase, while the 3000 rpm simulation shows a 50% increase in blow-by for the hydrogen variant at low load and a 40% increase at high load. The findings that are presented indicate that, although alternative fuel sources such as hydrogen are very attractive alternatives to fossil fuels such as gasoline, there can be unwanted side effects that could lead to the permanent damage of components through quicker wear or hydrogen embrittlement from the blow-by gas.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL EMPRESARIAL: reflexão sobre os desafios da atuação no contexto escolar

The performance of Environmental Education in a business context plays a fundamental role in the development of a society. It may directly influence pollution prevention, impact mitigation, cost reduction and environmental damage control in general, besides improving the company’s image in the consumer market. This study aims at describing the outline of an Environmental Education program which was implemented by a company located in Cariacica, ES, Brazil. The objective of this program was the cooperation among company-school-community during the 3-year implementation process. Since then, it has contributed to develop and improve the quality of life in this Brazilian city.
How Do the OECD Growth Projections for the G7 Economies Perform? A Post-Mortem

The quality of the OECD's Economic Outlook growth projections was last evaluated in-house at the peak of the previous business cycle, calling for a reassessment. This paper analyses the OECD's annual GDP growth projections for the G7 countries over the period 1991-2006 and compares them with the Consensus Economics forecasts. It shows that OECD growth projections display a number of desirable features: projections for the current year are unbiased and efficient; projection errors tend to shrink as the horizon shortens; and projections are directionally accurate most of the time. Like those produced elsewhere, the OECD projections also suffer from shortcomings: one-year-ahead projections display a positive bias, mainly reflecting a propensity to overpredict during slowdowns; spring one-year-ahead projections are far less informative than autumn ones; and turning points are poorly anticipated one year ahead. Regression tests suggest that the OECD and Consensus add value to naive forecasts for spring current-year and autumn one-year-ahead projections. Les projections de croissance de l'OCDE pour les pays du G7 : une analyse post mortem La derniere evaluation interne de la qualite des projections de croissance presentees dans les Perspectives economiques de l? OCDE remonte au pic du cycle precedent. Le temps est donc venu d'un reexamen. La presente etude analyse les projections de l'OCDE pour la croissance annuelle du PIB dans les pays du G7 sur la periode 1991-2006 et les compare aux previsions de Consensus Economics. Elle montre que les projections de l'OCDE possedent un certain nombre de bonnes proprietes : celles pour l? annee en cours sont non-biaisees et efficaces; les erreurs de projection ont tendance a diminuer a mesure que l'horizon de la projection se rapproche ; et dans la plupart des cas les projections anticipent correctement les ralentissements et accelerations de l'activite. Neanmoins, comme celles produites ailleurs, les projections ont aussi leurs limites : celles pour l'annee suivante presentent un biais positif, refletant principalement une propension a surestimer la croissance en phase de ralentissement; les projections de printemps pour l'annee suivante sont beaucoup moins informatives que celles produites a l'automne; et les points de retournement sont rarement anticipes un an plus tot. L'analyse econometrique montre que les projections de l'OCDE ainsi que les previsions de Consensus Economics apportent de la valeur ajoutee aux projections naives dans le cas des projections de printemps pour l'annee en cours et des projections de l'automne pour l'annee suivante.
BERT-CLSTM Model for the Classification of Moroccan Commercial Courts Verdicts

The exponential growth of data generated by the Moroccan commercial court system, coupled with the manual archiving of legal documents, has led to increasingly complex information access. As data classification becomes imperative, researchers are exploring automatic language processing techniques and refining text classification methods. In this study, we propose a BERT-CLSTM model for the classification of Moroccan commercial court verdicts. By adding a Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Network to the task-specific layers of BERT, our model can get information on important fragments in the text. In addition, we input the representation along with the output of the BERT into the transformer encoder to take advantage of the self-attention mechanism and finally get the representation of the whole text through the transformer. The proposed model outperformed the compared baselines and achieved good results by getting an F-measure value of 93.61%.
Interferences in the determination of isotopically exchangeable P in soils and a method to minimise them

In soils with a high phosphate buffering capacity or in soils with large amounts of colloidal P in soil solution, E-values often overestimate P availability. These problems have been ascribed to a variety of causes including analytical difficulties in terms of measuring low concentrations of P, colorimetric interferences, and inadvertent measurement of non-isotopically exchangeable colloidal P. We investigated measurement of E-values in 8 soil types, of which 6 had properties likely to give overestimates of size of the available pool of P based on results of previous authors. The potential for overestimation of the E-value due to interferences described above was identified in several soil types. A simple anion exchange resin purification step was introduced to the E-value methodology. The resin adsorbs both 31P and 32P isotopes in proportion to their concentration in the solution and minimises transfer of colloids and Si into the analysed eluant, thereby providing a simple way to increase the eluant P concentration and to avoid analytical interferences.
Olivine‐wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe)2SiO4

Phase relations of the olivine-wadsleyite transition in the system (Mg,Fe) 2 SiO 4 have been determined at 1600 and 1900 K using the quench method in a Kawai-type high-pressure apparatus. Pressure was determined at a precision better than 0.2 GPa using in situ X-ray diffraction with MgO as a pressure standard. The transition pressures of the end-member Mg 2 SiO 4 are estimated to be 14.2 and 15.4 GPa at 1600 and 1900 K, respectively. Partition coefficients for Fe and Mg between olivine and wadsleyite are 0.51 at 1600 K and 0.61 at 1900 K. By comparing the depth of the discontinuity with the transition pressure, the temperature at 410 km depth is estimated to be 1760 ± 45 K for a pyrolitic upper mantle. The mantle potential temperature is estimated to be in the range 1550-1650 K. The temperature at the bottom of the upper mantle is estimated to be 1880 ± 50 K. The thickness of the olivine-wadsleyite transition in a pyrolitic mantle is determined to be between 7 and 13 km for a pyrolitic mantle, depending on the efficiency of vertical heat transfer. Regions of rapid vertical flow (e.g., convection limbs), in which thermal diffusion is negligible, should have a larger transition interval than stagnant regions, where thermal diffusion is effective. This is in apparent contradiction to short-period seismic wave observations that indicate a maximum thickness of <5 km. An upper mantle in the region of the 410 km discontinuity with about 40% olivine and an Mg# of at least 89 can possibly explain both the transition thickness and velocity perturbation at the 410 km discontinuity.
Tracing of Microbes in Prepared Cavity Following Different Minimally Invasive Caries Removal Protocols.

AIMS The conventional caries removal technique has been replaced with minimally invasive (MI) techniques to preserve healthy natural teeth and to provide durable dental restorations. Each of these MI caries removal protocols is reported to be favorable in dealing with different caries conditions. The current study aimed to trace the residual bacteria that may remain in a prepared cavity following a visual-tactile (VT), caries detection dye (CDD), and chemo-mechanical caries removal (CMCR) protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 29 extracted human molar teeth with visible caries lesions were randomly divided into three groups. The cavity preparation and caries removal of each group was accomplished following one of the MI caries removal protocols. Swab samples (one from each specimen) were taken and inoculated onto a blood agar plate and incubated for 48 hours. The growth of the bacterial colony was observed under a microscope and the specific genome of the bacteria was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. RESULTS The maximum number of traceable bacteria was observed following the chemo-mechanical caries removal group followed by the caries detection dye group and the least in the visual-tactile group. The PCR test revealed the presence of Streptococcus mutans in all the observed colonies; however, Streptococcus sobrinus was absent completely. The Chi-square test reveals a statistically insignificant (p = 0.646) difference among the tested groups. CONCLUSION All of the MI caries removal protocols used in this study showed a trace of microbes in certain teeth. The cavity prepared following a visual tactile protocol showed the least amount of traceable bacteria in the prepared cavity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cavity that is prepared following individual MI protocol has a risk of leaving microbes in it.
Multi-faceted roles of C1q/TNF-related proteins family in atherosclerosis

Purpose of review C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs) are involved in the modulation of the development and prognosis of atherosclerosis (AS). Here, we summarizes the pathophysiological roles of individual members of the CTRP superfamily in the development of AS. Currently, there is no specific efficacious treatment for AS-related diseases, therefore it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies aiming to target key molecules involved in AS. Recent findings Recently, mounting studies verified the critical roles of the CTRP family, including CTRP1-7, CTRP9 and CTRP11-15, in the development and progression of AS by influencing inflammatory response, modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, regulating endothelial functions and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Conclusions CTRP family regulate different pathophysiology stages of AS. CTRP3, CTRP9, CTRP12, CTRP13 and CTRP15 play a clear protective role in AS, while CTRP5 and CTRP7 play a pro-atherosclerotic role in AS. The remarkable progress in our understanding of CTRPs’ role in AS will provide an attractive therapeutic target for AS.
Hemispheric surface air temperature variations: Recent trends and an update to 1987

Abstract The hemispheric mean land-surface air temperature series developed for both hemispheres by Jones et al. are updated through 1987. The global temperature estimate for 1987 is the third warmest on record, 1858–1987. Recent warming over the last 20 years (1967–86) is shown to be centered on middle latitude belts in both hemispheres.
La brecha del producto y el producto potencial en Venezuela: una estimación SVAR

Este articulo estima la brecha del PIB para Venezuela por medio de un modelo de vectores autorregresivo estructural y el metodo de descomposicion de Blanchard y Quah para el periodo 1999:1-2010:4. Se uso informacion trimestral para la tasa de inflacion, el producto interno bruto real, la tasa de desocupacion y los precios de realizacion del barril de petroleo; se identificaron shocks fiscales y monetarios por el lado de la demanda, y tecnologicos y laborales por el lado de la oferta. Los resultados empiricos revelan que aunque inicialmente existe una amplia brecha entre el producto real y el potencial, esta tiende a cerrarse progresivamente hacia finales del periodo como consecuencia del aumento de los precios del petroleo. Las proyecciones revelan que la brecha pudiera eventualmente caer como resultado de la contraccion economica observada durante los anos 2009 y 2010.
BAER hearing test: Principles of operation and interpretation for dogs and cats

The nervous system of animals is a focus of interest of multiple research centres. The evolution of medical engineering, the development of new research techniques and the improvement of existing ones increase our understanding of the nervous system. One of the diagnostic methods which can be used to help detect hearing disorders of varying severity in animals and humans is the study of brainstem evoked potentials known as BAER (brainstem auditory evoked response), BAEP (brainstem auditory evoked potentials) or ABR (auditory brainstem response). Although this method has existed for decades and is used in many countries around the world, the knowledge gathered by doctors over the years lacks proper systematization, and neither standard parameters nor a coherent implementation strategy have yet been established. Various modifications of this method are also available, which suggests directions for further research and facilitates an increase in the pool of knowledge concerning the physiology of hearing. Unfortunately, the lack of established recommendations for the practical implementation of hearing tests using the BAER method makes it difficult to compare test results and to broaden the scope of application of this method in dogs and cats. For the most part, this problem results from a random selection of test parameters by researchers who do not have sufficient knowledge about the physics of hearing. This work aims to summarize the results obtained in this field by various authors around the world and to determine the best-performing variants of the BAER method. The optimization and systematization of the parameters not only increases the reproducibility of the results and makes them more transparent and uniform for both doctors and animal keepers, but also renders them more reliable. This could aid in the creation of a worldwide database resulting in beneficial outcomes over time and may also allow veterinarians to determine the most effective approach for conducting a study depending on many variables that need to be taken into account.
Construction of learning environments: A multiple case study in special education settings

Education in segregated settings for pupils with intellectual disability (ID) has often been portrayed as a unified form of schooling. There is a risk of providing a simplified picture of these settings and of what pupils with ID need to learn. This is generally stipulated in policy documents, leaving room for staff in school to interpret curricula and form learning environments. The aim of this study is to explore how four different learning environments are constructed in segregated settings where pupils with ID are educated in Sweden. The study was conducted as a multiple case study, using observations and interviews with teachers and pupils in four special classes for pupils with ID (SCIDs). Drawing on curriculum theory, the four learning environments, in the results named as Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta class, respectively, appeared to be characterized by different ideas of schooling, labelled as knowledge‐mediating, socializing, functional life skills and caring as well as teacher‐centred classrooms. The study contributes to a deepened understanding of the complexity of education for pupils with ID in segregated settings.
Determining Longwave Forcing and Feedback Using Infrared Spectra and GNSS Radio Occultation

Abstract The authors investigate whether combining a data type derived from radio occultation (RO) with the infrared spectral data in an optimal detection method improves the quantification of longwave radiative forcing and feedback. Signals derived from a doubled-CO2 experiment in a theoretical study are used. When the uncertainties in both data types are conservatively estimated, jointly detecting the feedbacks of tropospheric temperature and water vapor, stratospheric temperature, and high-level cloud from the two data types should reduce the mean errors by more than 50%. This improvement is achieved because the RO measurement helps disentangle the radiance signals that are ambiguous in the infrared spectrum. The result signifies the complementary information content in infrared spectral and radio occultation data types, which can be effectively combined in optimal detection to accurately quantify the longwave radiative forcing and feedback. The results herein show that the radiative forcing of CO2 and.