Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Purified Glycerol from Biodiesel Plants for Acylglycerol Production and Use of Acylglycerol in Foods

Background and Objective: Biodiesel is a well-known liquid fuel. However, a large quantity of glycerol is produced as a byproduct during the biodiesel production. If this is used as a substrate for value-added products such as monoacylglycerols, economic viability of the biodiesel process may improve. There are various uses of monoacylglycerol. However, its use as a substrate for oleogel is still a challenge. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the optimum acylglycerol production by immobilized lipase using glycerol from biodiesel processing and various plant oils as substrates. Moreover, use of acylglycerol for oleogel production was studied. Material and Methods: First, glycerol was collected from biodiesel plants and purified using repeated cycles of acidification. Purified glycerol and various types of plant oils, including coconut, rice bran and palm oils, were used to produce acylglycerol via immobilized lipase catalysis. Then, acylglycerols from each plant oil were selected and used as substrates for oleogels. Acylglycerol was characterized following standard methods using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, structure and develop of oleogel were assessed using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results and Conclusion: The highest acylglycerol yield (91.15%) was achieved under conditions, including 20% enzyme loading, 6:1 glycerol to palm oil ratio, 8% water content, 40 °C reaction temperature and 24-h reaction time. Acylglycerol from glycerol with palm oil included mono, di and triacylglycerols with contents of 85.0, 10.0 and 2.0%, respectively. Results showed that types of oil included no effects on oleogel qualifications in this study and all oleogels included good characteristics use in foods.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION AND HIGH LEVELS OF CIRCULATING N-TERMINAL PRO-BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE

: Liver Cirrhosis is the commonest cause of hospitalization and death in the world. It is one of the commonest causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan mainly due to hepatitis C infection. HCV causes cardiomyopathy which results in poor contraction and relaxation of the heart that results in cardiac dysfunction and cardiac failure. Material and Methods: Study Design: Case control study. Place of Study: Out-patient department and Medical wards of Fauji Foundation Hospital (FFH) Rawalpindi, which is a tertiary care hospital. Duration: This study was conducted from for a period of 06 months, from 1 st January 2016 till 30 th June 2016. Results: Total 80 patients were included according to the inclusion criteria of the study. Mean age (years) in the study was years. There were 32 (40%) male and 48 (60%) female patients who were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Out of 80 patients, there were 24(32%) patients who have prolonged positive NT-proBNP value. The frequency of NT-proBNP in patients in chronic hepatitis C infective and non-infective was 19(47.5%) and 5 (12.5%) respectively. The P-value was 0.001 which means that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: My study revealed that high level of NT-proBNP was found to be associated with chronic HCV infection, which indicates that HCV infection induces myocardial dysfunction, such as myocarditis, in asymptomatic patients with chronic HCV infection. In view of above further similar studies are recommended in our population to establish this fact.
Sharing is caring: Investigating inter-professional negotiation within the health care organization

In this paper we investigate how inter-professional work affects the reconstruction of professional spaces of action for physicians and nurses in Swedish health care. Taking an inter-professional perspective on identity work, we suggest that future inquiry into professionalism in health care needs to focus both on the consequences of collaborative practices and pre-NPM notions of autonomous and separated professions. This paper addresses the issue of inter-professional work, where consideration is taken to the simultaneous production and reproduction of nursing and physician professional spaces of action. Within an era where overlapping knowledge bases and unclear divisions of responsibilities make inter-professional boundaries more complex than ever, the paper aims to increase the understanding for power processes in inter-professional negotiation. By establishing a conceptual model that describes the discourses behind negotiated professional spaces of action, it should be possible to better understand the preconditions for the new form of professional teamwork, which is here referred to as inter-professional professionalism.
Generation and Characterization of a Novel Cyp2a(4/5)bgs -Null Mouse Model

Knockout mouse models targeting various cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) genes are valuable for determining P450 ’ s biologic functions, including roles in drug metabolism and chemical toxicity. In this study, a novel Cyp2a(4/5)bgs -null mouse model was generated, in which a 1.2-megabase pair genomic fragment containing nine Cyp genes in mouse chromosome 7 (including, sequentially, Cyp2a5 , 2g1 , 2b19 , 2b23 , 2a4 , 2b9 , 2b13 , 2b10 , and 2s1 ) are deleted, through Cre -mediated recombination in vivo. The resultant mouse strain was viable and fertile, without any developmental deficits or morphologic abnormalities. Deletion of the constitutive genes in the cluster was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of the genes and the mRNAs in tissues known to express each gene. The loss of this gene cluster led to significant decreases in microsomal activities toward testosterone hydroxylation in various tissues examined, including olfactory mucosa (OM), lung, liver, and brain. In addition, systemic clearance of pentobarbital was decreased in Cyp2a(4/5)bgs -null mice, as indicated by > 60% increases in pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, compared with wild-type (WT) mice. This novel Cyp2a(4/5) bgs- null mouse model will be valuable for in vivo studies of drug metabolism and chemical toxicities in various tissues, including the liver, lung, brain, intestine, kidney, skin, and OM, where one or more of the targeted Cyp genes are known to be expressed in WT mice. The model will also be valuable for preparation of humanized mice that express human CYP2A6, CYP2A13, CYP2B6, or CYP2S1, and as a knockout mouse model for five non-P450 genes ( Vmn1r184 , Nalp9c , Nalp4a , Nalp9a , and Vmn1r185 ) that were also deleted.
Resolution performance assessment for quadratic TFDs

Quadratic time-frequency distributions (TFDs) are effective tools for extracting information from a non-stationary signal, such as the number of components, their durations and bandwidths, components’ relative amplitudes and instantaneous frequency (IF) laws (see Chapters 1 and 2). The performance of TFDs depends on the type of signal (see Chapter 3) [1,2]. For example, in the case of a monocomponent linear FM signal, the Wigner-Ville distribution is known to be optimal in the sense that it achieves the best energy concentration around the signal IF law (see Article 2.1 for more details) [1]. In applications involving multicomponent signals, choosing the right TFD to analyze the signals is an immediate critical task for the signal analyst. How best to make this assessment, using current knowledge, is the subject of this article. Let us, for example, consider a multicomponent whale signal, represented in the time-frequency domain using the Wigner-Ville distribution, the spectrogram, the Choi-Williams distribution, the Born-Jordan distribution, the Zhao-Atlas-Marks (ZAM) distribution, and the recently introduced B-distribution [3] (see Fig. 7.4.1). To determine which of the TFDs in Fig. 7.4. 1 “best” represents this whale signal (i.e. which one gives the best components’ energy concentration and best interference terms suppression, and allows the best estimation of the components’ IF laws) one could visually compare the six plots and choose the most appealing. The spectrogram and the B-distribution, being almost free from the cross-terms, seem to perform best. The performance comparison based on the visual inspection of the plots becomes more difficult and unreliable, however, when the signal components are closelyspaced in the time-frequency plane. To objectively compare the plots in Fig. 7.4. 1 requires to use a quantitative performance measure for TFDs. There have been several attempts to define objective measures of “complexity” for TFDs (see Section 7.3.1). One of these measures, the Renyi entropy given in [4], has been used by several authors in preference to e.g. the bandwidth–duration product given in [1]. The performance measure described in this article, unlike the Renyi entropy, is a local measure of the TFD resolution performance, and is thus more suited to the selection problem illustrated by Fig. 7.4. 1. This measure takes into account the characteristics of TFDs that influence their resolution, such as energy concentration, components separation, and interference terms minimization. Methodologies for choosing a TFD which best suits a given signal can then be developed by optimizing the resolution performance of considered TFDs and modifying their parameters to better match application-specific requirements.
Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus ) leaves essential oil

The phytochemicals detected in lemongrass leaves essential oil were flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and coumarins. The antibacterial activity of lemongrass leaves essential oil was tested against six potential pathogens by agar well diffusion method and the results depicted that lemongrass essential oil generated the inhibition zones of 32.0±0.75, 48.0±1.05 and 21.0±0.64 mm against all three gram positive pathogens viz . Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus , respectively, whereas Proteus vulgaris was the only gram negative pathogenic bacteria against which a zone of inhibition of 23.0±0.73 mm was reported and no inhibition zone was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as Escherichia coli . The zone of inhibition produced by lemongrass oil against Bacillus subtilis was significantly ( P< 0.05) higher, followed by Staphylococcus aureus , Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus cereus . Moreover, it was observed that the zone of inhibition produced by lemongrass oil against Bacillus subtilis , Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris were significantly ( P< 0.05) higher than the corresponding inhibition zones produced by the antibiotic i.e. Azithromycin (200 mg/ 5 ml) suspension (positive control) while non-significant differences were observed in case of Bacillus cereus .
MiR-598-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Purpose: To investigate the role of miR-598-3p in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T- ALL). Methods: The expression of miR-598-3p in mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood samples of children with or without T-ALL was assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability or proliferation of T-ALL cell lines was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 assay or bromodeoxyuridine staining, respectively. The target gene of miR-598-3p was predicted and validated using luciferase reporter assay, while the underlying mechanism involved in miR-598-3p-mediated T-ALL was determined by western blot analysis. Results: MiR-598-3p was reduced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of T-ALL patients. Ectopic miR-598-3p expression decreased T-ALL cell viability and suppressed proliferation, while miR-598-3p interference showed reversed effects. Additionally, the target gene of miR-598-3p, Dishevelled, EGL-10, and Pleckstrin domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), was down-regulated by miR-598-3p in T-ALL. MiR-598-3p decreased phospho (p)-AKT protein expression, while AKT inhibition counteracted the suppressive effects of miR-598-3p silencing on T-ALL cell viability and proliferation. Conclusion: MiR-598-3p/DEPTOR is involved in the proliferation of T-ALL through AKT pathway, thus providing a potential novel application in pediatric T-ALL.
Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Psychological Wellbeing and Suicide

The outbreak of Covid-19 came to light in December 2019 with the emergence of unexplained fever and pneumonia. In a matter of few months, the disease had spread to various countries worldwide and was labelled as a pandemic. The causative organism behind tis pandemic is the novel corona virus. Authorities in the entire world have taken drastic steps to control the spread of pandemic and protect the citizens. Strict isolation, quarantine, and lockdowns were imposed in almost every country around the globe. Individuals were confined to their home for days together resulting in disruption of normal routine and intense mental stress. During the pandemic everyday activities were disturbed, and people also suffered huge-economic losses. Due to the reduction in interpersonal contact and social activities, various mental health problems, psychological issues emerged and in some countries many suicides were reported. Health-care workers have undergone a lot of stress, intense long shifts and sleepless nights in taking care of the Covid-19 patients. During such situations of uncertainty importance of mental health awareness is very crucial. Simple steps for behavior changes and inculcating mindfulness into everyday routine can make significant changes towards a positive mental health. Taking steps towards mental hygiene and seeking support from mental health-care workers has played a remarkable role in this regard. However, due to the presence of pandemic routine personal health care became less accessible to the general public. This crisis has paved the path towards development and acceptance of digital psychiatry as a mode of treatment. In this review paper an attempt has been made to provide an overview of the mental health awareness of people during the pandemic, emotional well-being during lockdown, prevention of suicide, and emergence of digital psychiatry during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Evidence for the generation of helical magnetic fields in active galactic nuclei

It is expected on theoretical grounds that the magnetic field plays an essential role, not only in the emission of synchrotron radiation, but also in the dynam ics of the production of the jets of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). New evidence has emerged to su pport the idea that AGN have helical magnetic fields, which could naturally collimate th jets. Such helical magnetic (B) fields would come about in a natural way as a result of the ‘winding up ’ of an initial ‘seed’ field by the rotation of the central accreting disk. Very Long Baseli n Interferometry (VLBI) polarization observations have shown a tendency for the B fields in the jets of certain AGN (e.g. BL Lac Objects) to be perpendicular to the local jet direction. It s eems likely that many of these transverse B fields represent the toroidal component of the intrinsic B fi elds of the jets. In fact, systematic gradients in the Faraday Rotation have been observed across the parsec-scale jets of a number of AGNs, interpreted as reflecting the systematic change in the line-of-sight component of a helical magnetic field across the jet. We present here results of an ob servational search for Faraday Rotation Measure (RM) gradients transverse to the VLBI jet d irection in a sample of BL Lac objects. We discuss how these gradients could potentially b e used to infer the intrinsic magnetic field configuration of the region surrounding the central bla ck hole (e.g. dipolar, quadropolar). The helical fields we have detected on parsec-scales should p ropagate outwards with the jets to kilo-parsec/intergalactic scales.
Utilization of Hierarchical and flat clustering in Content Based Image Retrieval

: In this paper we are going to describe an image retrieval system whose input query is images and as output retrieves the images related to the image content similar to the query ignoring the similarities among the database images. Content based image retrieval means search will analyze the actual content of image rather than metadata for example attributes as tags, keywords and descriptions associated with the image. Here Actual content of the image may be considered as colors, textures, shapes and other information that can be derived from image itself. Main unique objective of this system is the utilization of hierarchical and k-means clustering techniques. Here proposed techniques consisting two stages-First in hierarchical clustering we filter most of the images in an unstructured large database and then applying clustered images to K-means such that system can return more better accurate results
Concentration and Cytogenotoxicity of Heavy Metals and Microorganisms in Labana Rice Mills Wastewater Birnin Kebbi, Northwestern Nigeria

Nigeria’s rice milling industry is undergoing expansion to diversify the nation’s economy and boost food sufficiency. However, there is a dearth of information on the safety of wastewater emanating from the industry. This study determined the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics as well as cytogenotoxicity of wastewater from a rice mill in Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. The water characteristics were determined using standard protocols, after which the wastewater was subjected to cytogenetoxicity test using Allium cepa toxicity test. Fifty Allium cepa bulbs divided equally into 5 groups were grown in beakers containing tap water (control) and 25, 50, 75, and 100 % (v/v) of the wastewater, respectively for 3 days. The root-tips of the bulbs were then examined for chromosomal aberrations. The physicochemical analysis showed that the levels of nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), pH, sulphate, and temperature were within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. However, lead (Pb), nitrate, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were above the permissible limits. The microbiological analysis showed normal coliform counts (< 400 CFU/ml), while bacteria and yeast colonies were above the permissible limits (> 1000 CFU/ml)). In the cytogenetic test, the exposed A. cepa showed dose-dependent sticky and vagrant chromosomes and anaphase bridges as well as significantly reduced (p < 0.05) mitotic index (MI) and root length growth. These findings suggest that the wastewaters could pose some health hazards unless treated. N HCl at 60 °C for 3 minutes and then stained with Carbol Fuchsin (Koa, 1975). The mixture was later squashed in a 2% Aceto-orcein in 45% acetic acid. Permanent slides were made and mounted on Canadian turpentine for the identification of chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosomal abnormalities were determined and calculated by examining one thousand cells in each slide.
as a the of and similar

We propose an explanation for a traditional puzzle in English linguistics involving the use of articles with the nominal modiﬁers same , identical and similar . Same can only take the deﬁnite article the , whereas identical and similar take either the or a . We argue that there is a fundamental difference in the manner in which a comparison is made with these modiﬁers. Identical and similar involve direct comparisons between at least two entities and an assertion of either full property matching ( identical ), or partial property matching ( similar ). The comparison with same proceeds differently: what is compared is not linguistic entities directly, but deﬁnite descriptions of these entities that can be derived through logical entailments. John and Mary live in the same house entails the house that John lives in is the (same) house that Mary lives in . There must be a pragmatic equivalence between these entailed deﬁnite descriptions, ranging from full referential equivalence to a possibly quite minimal overlap in semantic and real-world properties shared by distinct referents. These differences in meaning and article co-occurrence reveal the sensitivity of syntax to semantic and pragmatic properties, without which all and only the grammatical sentences of a language cannot be predicted.
Zymographic Detection of Aspartic Proteinase Activities in Porcine Ovarian Extracts

Aims: Tightly regulated proteolytic activity is essential in the mammalian ovary to maintain follicular and luteal functions. Studies conducted on ovarian aspartic proteinases (APs) are limited. Previously it has been noted that the AP activity increases towards the latter part of luteal phase. The aim of this study was to isolate AP from porcine ovarian extract and to identify whether multiple AP activities are found in the extracts. Methodology: Porcine ovaries (n= 100) were collected and ovarian extracts were prepared. APs were fractionated, using anion exchange chromatography at pH 8.5, gel permeation chromatography and affinity chromatography. AP activity (U/ml) of the fractions were measured in the presence and absence of Pepstatin A. AP specific activities (U/mg) were calculated after Original Article measuring total protein concentrations (mg/ml) of the fractions. Fractions were analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conducted under denaturing (SDS-PAGE) and native (PAGE) conditions. PAGE was followed by zymography. Results: With anion exchange chromatography, AP was recovered during column washing as an unbound fraction (~67%) and during elution as a bound fraction (~33%). Bound AP was recovered around 0.23 M NaCl with 0-1 M NaCl gradient used during elution. Both AP fractions had an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa. AP activity was completely inhibited in the presence of 1 µM Pepstatin. Specific activity of AP increased with fractionation from 1 in the ovarian extract to 747 and 511 U/mg with unbound and bound AP respectively. SDS-PAGE showed elimination of impurities with the progress of fractionation. PAGE and zymography showed the presence of at least three AP activities in porcine ovaries. Conclusion: Proteinases fractionated using three chromatography procedures were APs. Results showed the presence of multiple AP activities in porcine ovary.
Current Issue: March 2019, Volume 10, Number 2 --- Table of Contents

The ISO 9001 standard is adopted worldwide by organizations from different sectors. The ISO 9001:2015 guidelines for implementing the process approach require not only the identification of the organization processes, but also the description of their interactions as a network system. Flow charts are a common tool adopted in quality management to show the sequence flow of a process. However, they do not show interrelations between different processes. The first aim of this study is to investigate the utilization of some software engineering models to satisfy the process approach requirement in the ISO 9001:2015 standard. The second aim is to show the implementation of the ISO 9001:2015 process approach and the "Plan-Do-Check-Act" (PDCA) cycle to manage academic programs processes as a case study and to present how the proposed models can be utilized to describe the interactions between processes. Finally, the study used a semi-structured interview methodology to evaluate the proposed models based on three criteria: understandability, modifiability and process improvement.