Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Total bilirubin is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective study

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease for which biomarkers to predict mortality are needed. Total bilirubin (TBIL), an end-product of hemoglobin catabolism in mammals reflecting liver dysfunction, has been demonstrated as an independent risk indicator for critically ill patients. This study aimed to examine whether TBIL on intensive care unit (ICU) admission is associated with ARDS mortality. Methods We analyzed the data of patients diagnosed with ARDS according to the Berlin definition from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The primary endpoint was 30-day ICU mortality after admission to the ICU, and the second endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic analysis adjusted for potential confounders was used to determine the association between TBIL and short-term mortality. Results Of 1,539 ARDS patients enrolled, 261 patients died within 30 days of admission to the ICU. In the multivariable logistic analysis, each 1 g/dL increase in TBIL levels led to a 4% increase in the odds of 30-day ICU mortality [adjusted odds ratio (OR) =0.04; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01 to 0.08] and a 4% increase in the odds of in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR =0.04; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.07). Furthermore, TBIL levels ≥2 mg/dL were significantly associated with 30-day ICU mortality (adjusted OR =1.51, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.07) and in-hospital mortality (OR =1.41; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.87). Similarly, associations between serum TBIL levels and 30-day ICU mortality were found in all subgroups stratified by comorbidities, the severity of ARDS, and other variables. Conclusions A higher serum TBIL on ICU admission was independently associated with mortality in ARDS patients. Intensive care and observation should be provided to ARDS patients with increased TBIL.
Cancer stem cells markers in ovarian cancer: Clinical and therapeutic significance (Review)

Ovarian cancer is a gynecological neoplasm that can be found in women, which, due to diagnostic difficulties, is often detected at advanced stages when treatment becomes a significant problem. Moreover, in a number of cases there is a cancer recurrence and resistance to standard chemotherapy treatment. It has been suggested that cancer stem cells (CSCs) that were not eradicated during therapy may be responsible for this. For this reason, effective therapeutic methods eliminating CSCs are being studied, such as therapy targeting CSCs markers. In addition, numerous studies have also drawn attention to the usefulness of CSCs markers in predicting disease progression and assessing patient's prognosis as well as their importance in the development of treatment resistance. The present review presented research on selected CSCs markers, which may be of significant prognostic and therapeutic importance in ovarian cancer.
Nonlinear gyrofluid computation of edge localized ideal ballooning modes

Three-dimensional electromagnetic gyrofluid simulations of the ideal ballooning mode blowout scenario for tokamak edge localized modes are presented. Special emphasis is placed on diagnosis of the linear, overshoot, and decay phases. The saturation process is energy transfer to self-generated edge turbulence, which exhibits an ion temperature gradient mode structure. Convergence in the decay phase is found only if the spectrum reaches the ion gyroradius. The equilibrium is a self-consistent background whose evolution is taken into account. Approximately two-thirds of the total energy in the edge layer is liberated in the blowout. Parameter dependence with respect to plasma pressure and the ion gyroradius is studied. Despite the violent nature of the short-lived process, the transition to nonlinearity is very similar to that found in generic tokamak edge turbulence.
Solitons in combined linear and nonlinear lattice potentials

We study ordinary solitons and gap solitons (GS's) in the framework of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) with a combination of both linear and nonlinear lattice potentials. The main points of the analysis are the effects of (in)commensurability between the lattices, the development of analytical methods, viz., the variational approximation (VA) for narrow ordinary solitons and various forms of the averaging method for broad solitons of both types, and also the study of the mobility of the solitons. Under the direct commensurability (equal periods of the lattices, L{sub lin}=L{sub nonlin}), the family of ordinary solitons is similar to its counterpart in the GPE without external potentials. In the case of the subharmonic commensurability with L{sub lin}=(1/2)L{sub nonlin}, or incommensurability, there is an existence threshold for the ordinary solitons and the scaling relation between their amplitude and width is different from that in the absence of the potentials. GS families demonstrate a bistability unless the direct commensurability takes place. Specific scaling relations are found for them as well. Ordinary solitons can be readily set in motion by kicking. GS's are also mobile and feature inelastic collisions. The analytical approximations are shown to be quite accurate, predicting correct scaling relations for themore » soliton families in different cases. The stability of the ordinary solitons is fully determined by the Vakhitov-Kolokolov (VK) criterion (i.e., a negative slope in the dependence between the solitons's chemical potential mu and norm N). The stability of GS families obeys an inverted ('anti-VK') criterion dmu/dN>0, which is explained by the approximation based on the averaging method. The present system provides for the unique possibility to check the anti-VK criterion, as mu(N) dependencies for GS's feature turning points except in the case of direct commensurability. « less
Probing the dust properties of galaxies up to submillimetre wavelengths. II. Dust-to-gas mass ratio trends with metallicity and the submm excess in dwarf galaxies

Aims. We are studying the effects of submm observations on the total dust mass and thus dust-to-gas mass ratio measurements. Methods. We gather a wide sample of galaxies that have been observed at submillimeter (submm) wavelengths to model their spectral energy distributions using submm observations (>160 μm) and then without submm observational constraints in order to quantify the error on the dust mass when submm data are not available. Our model does not make strong assumptions on the dust temperature distribution to precisely avoid submm biaises in the study. Our sample includes 52 galaxies observed at submm wavelengths. Out of these, 9 galaxies show an excess in submm which is not accounted for in our fiducial model, most of these galaxies being lowmetallicity dwarfs. We chose to add an independant very cold dust component (T = 10 K) to account for this excess. Results. We find that metal-rich galaxies modelled with submm data often show lower dust masses than when modelled without submm data. Indeed, these galaxies usually have dust SEDs that peaks at longer wavelengths and require constraints above 160 μ mt o correctly position the peak and sample the submillimeter slope of their SEDs and thus correctly cover the dust temperature distribution. On the other hand, some metal-poor dwarf galaxies modelled with submm data show higher dust masses than when modelled without submm data. Using submm constraints for the dust mass estimates, we find a tightened correlation of the dust-to-gas mass ratio with the metallicity of the galaxies. We also often find that when there is a submm excess present, it occurs preferentially in low-metallicity galaxies. We analyse the conditions for the presence of this excess and find a relation between the 160/850 μm ratio and the submm excess.
Inert-Sterile Neutrino: Cold or Warm Dark Matter Candidate

In usual particle models, sterile neutrinos can account for the dark matter of the Universe only if they have masses in the keV range and are warm dark matter. Stringent cosmological and astrophysical bounds, in particular, imposed by x-ray observations, apply to them. We point out that in a particular variation of the inert doublet model, sterile neutrinos can account for the dark matter in the Universe and may be either cold or warm dark matter candidates, even for masses much above the keV range. These inert-sterile neutrinos, produced nonthermally in the early Universe, would be stable and have very small couplings to standard model particles, rendering very difficult their detection in either direct or indirect dark matter searches. Their existence could be revealed only by discovering other particles of the model in collider experiments.
Introduction: To ashes, or disclosing impunity

Originally published in 2004 as Vocabulaire européen des philosophies: Dictionnaires des intraduisibles, the Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon (Cassin 2014a) is a rich and fascinating resource for students and researchers in such fields as comparative literature, translation studies, and continental philosophy. The paradoxical task of translating a labyrinthine work on the inherence of untranslatability to all acts of translation is not lost on the editors. Indeed, spanning more than 1300 pages in the English edition (there are others, either published or forthcoming, including in Arabic, Farsi, Romanian, Russian, and Ukrainian [Apter 2014, vii]) and encompassing a dizzying range of entries that ‘compare and meditate on the specific differences furnished to concepts by the Arabic, Basque, Catalan, Danish, English, French, German, Greek (classical and modern), Hebrew, Hungarian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish languages’ (Apter 2014, vii), the Dictionary’s editors underscore the quandary of seeking ‘to translate the untranslatable’ while underlining the tome’s ‘performative aspect, its stake in what it means “to philosophize in translation” over and beyond reviewing the history of philosophy with translation problems in mind’ (vii). In theory as (in) practice, the distinction marked by that difficult and generous shift into reading, or more humbly into forever attempting to read, ‘over and beyond’ matters a great deal. By pivoting from translation as a disciplinary, describable, and compartmentalizable problem or ornamental puzzle for the history of philosophy into untranslatability in translation as a foundational impasse whose terrain we witting and unwittingly traverse (or pass and repass) as we discipline our thinking, the editors alight upon yet another quandary that compromises their opening description of the volume as a ‘massive translation exercise with encyclopedic reach’ (vii). Taken to its logical conclusion, that compromise might enable rather than restrict or negate careful reading. It is a productive or enabling compromise, one that grounds our responsibility as readers, but only if we read it with requisite care. No reach, even if it extends over and beyond 1300 pages, can be truly encyclopedic on matters of translation and hence of untranslatability. An encyclopedic reach, concerning translation and the untranslatable within the compass of the world’s languages, would be impossible. There are, depending on how one counts (and for linguists, the question of
Erratum: Probing gas disc physics with LISA: simulations of an intermediate mass ratio inspiral in an accretion disc

The coalescence of a compact object with a $10^{4}\hbox{--}10^{7}\, {\rm M_\odot }$ supermassive black hole (SMBH) produces mHz gravitational waves (GWs) detectable by the future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). If such an inspiral occurs in the accretion disc of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), the gas torques imprint a small deviation in the GW waveform. Here, we present two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations with the moving-mesh code disco of a BH inspiraling at the GW rate in a binary system with a mass ratio q = M2/M1 = 10−3, embedded in an accretion disc. We assume a locally isothermal equation of state for the gas (with Mach number $\mathcal {M}=20$) and implement a standard α-prescription for its viscosity (with α = 0.03). We find disc torques on the binary that are weaker than in previous semi-analytic toy models, and are in the opposite direction: the gas disc slows down, rather than speeds up the inspiral. We compute the resulting deviations in the GW waveform, which scale linearly with the mass of the disc. The SNR of these deviations accumulates mostly at high frequencies, and becomes detectable in a 5 yr LISA observation if the total phase shift exceeds a few radians. We find that this occurs if the disc surface density exceeds $\Sigma _0 \gtrsim 10^{2-3}\rm g\, cm^{-2}$, as may be the case in thin discs with near-Eddington accretion rates. Since the characteristic imprint on the GW signal is strongly dependent on disc parameters, a LISA detection of an intermediate mass ratio inspiral would probe the physics of AGN discs and migration.
Prevalence And Predictors of Unplanned Pregnancies among Married Women in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwest, Nigeria

Background: Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health issue of global concern that is often associated with negative socio-medical problems for both mother and child; estimates have shown that up to 80 million unplanned pregnancies occur worldwide each year. This study determined the prevalence and predictors of unplanned pregnancies among married women in Sokoto metropolis, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 324 married women who were selected via multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 26. Results: The age of respondents in this study ranged from 15 to 45 years, with mean age of 30.9± 7.2 years. Most of the respondents were of the Hausa tribe [233(73.7%)] and majority were Muslims [306(96.8%)]. Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy among the respondents was 32.5% (n=103), out of which 34(32.7%) had experienced it between 2-4 times. Among those that had unplanned pregnancy, 79(76.4%) said they carried the pregnancy to term, 17(16.7%) had miscarriage while 7(6.9%) said they aborted it. Significant predictors of unplanned pregnancy were duration of marriage between 5-10 years (p=0.026; OR=0.403; 95% CI= 0.181-0.895), parity (p<0.001; OR=2.981; 95% CI=1.829-4.860) and being in a monogamous relationship (p=0.019; OR=1.911; 95% CI=1.113-3.280). Conclusion: Prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was quite high among married women in Sokoto metropolis. Significant predictors of having unplanned pregnancy include duration of marriage, parity and type of marriage. There is need for women to be educated on the various ways they can prevent having pregnancies that they do not intend to have. Keywords: Prevalence, predictors, unplanned pregnancy, married women, Sokoto metropolis
Cross-Kerr effective Hamiltonian for a non-resonant four-level atom

We derive a cross-Kerr type effective Hamiltonian for the four-level atom interacting with three electromagnetic fields in the N-configuration. When the atom has relaxed into the ground state a cross-Kerr nonlinearity arises between two weak probe fields. As a development on earlier work we show in general that the atom will also display a linear and self-Kerr response. However, if certain resonance conditions are satisfied then the linear and self-Kerr interactions will vanish. The electrical susceptibilities of the probe transitions are also explored and it is shown that a large, pure cross-Kerr nonlinearity can be generated with vanishing absorption of both probe fields.
Spectral hole burning for stopping light

We propose a protocol for storage and retrieval of photon wave packets in a {lambda}-type atomic medium. This protocol derives from spectral hole burning and takes advantages of the specific properties of solid-state systems at low temperature, such as rare-earth ion-doped crystals. The signal pulse is tuned to the center of the hole that has been burnt previously within the inhomogeneously broadened absorption band. The group velocity is strongly reduced, being proportional to the hole width. This way the optically carried information and energy are carried over to the off-resonance optical dipoles. Storage and retrieval are performed by conversion to and from ground-state Raman coherence by using brief {pi} pulses. The protocol exhibits some resemblance with the well-known electromagnetically induced transparency process. It also presents distinctive features such as the absence of coupling beam. In this paper we detail the various steps of the protocol, summarize the critical parameters, and theoretically examine the recovery efficiency.
OGLE-ing the Magellanic System: Cepheids in the Bridge

We present a detailed analysis of the Magellanic Bridge Cepheid sample constructed using the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment Collection of Variable Stars. Our updated Bridge sample contains 10 classical and 13 anomalous Cepheids. We calculate their individual distances using optical period–Wesenheit relations and construct three-dimensional maps. Classical Cepheid (CC) on-sky locations match very well neutral hydrogen and young stars distributions; thus, they add to the overall young Bridge population. In three dimensions, 8 out of 10 CCs form a bridge-like connection between the Magellanic Clouds. The other two are located slightly farther away and may constitute the Counter Bridge. We estimate ages of our Cepheids to be less than 300 Myr for from 5 up to 8 out of 10, depending on whether the rotation is included. This is in agreement with a scenario where these stars were formed in situ after the last encounter of the Magellanic Clouds. Cepheids’ proper motions reveal that they are moving away from both Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Anomalous Cepheids are more spread than CCs in both two and three dimensions, even though they form a rather smooth connection between the Magellanic Clouds. However, this connection does not seem to be bridge-like, as there are many outliers around both Magellanic Clouds.
Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: The Role of CD133

Simple Summary The current theory of the prostate cancer stem cell (PCSC) may help us understand cancer recurrence and treatment failure of prostate cancer, and CD133 is one of the most powerful biomarkers to identify and isolate PCSCs. However, the PCSC theory is still a subject of conjecture in some aspects, and the value of CD133 in PCSC or other cancer stem cells was challenged by some conflicting data. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the recent research progress of CD133 in PCSC, including its selective expression in undifferentiated cells, its correlation to treatment resistance, its gene regulation and functional analysis, and its targeted therapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials. Further elucidating the detailed mechanism of how CD133 is involved in the maintenance stemness properties, will be beneficial in developing effective PCSC-specific therapy targeting CD133. Abstract Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), possessing self-renewal properties and resistance to anticancer treatment, are possibly the leading cause of distant metastasis and treatment failure in prostate cancer (PC). CD133 is one of the most well-known and valuable cell surface markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in many cancers, including PC. In this article, we focus on reviewing the role of CD133 in PCSC. Any other main stem cell biomarkers in PCSC reported from key publications, as well as about vital research progress of CD133 in CSCs of different cancers, will be selectively reviewed to help us inform the main topic.
A Turnover in the Radio Light Curve of GW170817

We present 2–9 GHz radio observations of GW170817 covering the period 125–200 days post-merger, taken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA). Our observations demonstrate that the radio afterglow peaked at 149 ± 2 days post-merger and is now declining in flux density. We see no evidence for evolution in the radio-only spectral index, which remains consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission connecting the radio, optical, and X-ray regimes. The peak implies a total energy in the synchrotron-emitting component of a few × 1050 erg. The temporal decay rate is most consistent with mildly or non-relativistic material and we do not see evidence for a very energetic off-axis jet, but we cannot distinguish between a lower-energy jet and more isotropic emission.
Cultivating Online: Question Routing in a Question and Answering Community for Agriculture

Community-based Question and Answering (CQA) platforms are nowadays enlightening over a billion people with crowdsourced knowledge. A key design issue in CQA platforms is how to find the potential answerers and to provide the askers timely and suitable answers, i.e., the so-called \textit{question routing} problem. State-of-art approaches often rely on extracting topics from the question texts. In this work, we analyze the question routing problem in a CQA system named Farm-Doctor that is exclusive for agricultural knowledge. The major challenge is that its questions contain limited textual information. To this end, we conduct an extensive measurement and obtain the whole knowledge repository of Farm-Doctor that consists of over 690 thousand questions and over 3 million answers. To remedy the text deficiency, we model Farm-Doctor as a heterogeneous information network that incorporates rich side information and based on network representation learning models we accurately recommend for each question the users that are highly likely to answer it. With an average income of fewer than 6 dollars a day, over 300 thousands farmers in China seek online in Farm-Doctor for agricultural advices. Our method helps these less eloquent farmers with their cultivation and hopefully provides a way to improve their lives.
IMPLICATIONS OF UNDERSTANDING SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS DETECTED BY SWIFT

In an effort to understand the puzzle of classifying gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), we perform a systematic study of Swift GRBs and investigate several short GRB issues. Though short GRBs have a short (≲ 2 s) prompt duration as monitored by the Burst Alert Telescope, the composite light curves including both the prompt and afterglow emission suggest that most of the short GRBs have a similar radiative feature to long GRBs. Furthermore, some well-studied short GRBs might also have an intrinsically long prompt duration, which renders them as a type of short GRB imposters. Genuine short GRBs detected by Swift might be rare, so determining the observed short GRBs is, not surprisingly, troublesome. In particular, the observational biases in the host identification and redshift measurement of GRBs should be taken with great caution. The redshift distribution, which has been found to be different for long and short GRBs, might have been strongly affected by the measurement methods. We find that the redshifts measured from the presumed host galaxies of long and short GRBs appear to have a similar distribution.