Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Patrinoside and Patrinoside A from Patrinia scabiosaefolia Improve Insulin Resistance by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK Pathways and Oxidative Stress in RAW264.7 and 3 T3-L1 Cells

Patrinia scabiosaefolia, as traditional food and medicine plant, was used to treat appendicitis, enteritis, and hepatitis for thousand years in China. Patrinoside and patrinoside A isolated from P. scabiosaefolia could significantly improve insulin resistance (IR) by activating PI-3 K/AKT signaling pathway in our previous study. Since IR is closely related to inflammation, their anti-inflammatory activities in RAW264.7 inflammatory model induced by LPS and in 3 T3-L1 IR inflammatory model induced by TNF-α were evaluated to identify whether the effects on improving IR related to anti-inflammatory activity. In RAW264.7 cells, patrinoside and patrinoside A significantly inhibited the transcription and secretion of inflammatory mediators NO, TNF-α, and IL-6. Western blot analysis showed that the significant inhibition of phosphorylation of IκB and P65 and P38, ERK and JNK suggested that the effects were exerted through NF-κB pathway and MAPK pathway. In 3 T3-L1 cells, patrinoside and patrinoside A also inhibited the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways through inhibiting the transcriptions of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and chemokines MCP-1 and MIP-1α. These events resulted in the inhibition of macrophages migration to adipocytes. In addition, patrinoside and patrinoside A ameliorated oxidative stress by inhibiting ROS release in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In conclusion, patrinoside and patrinoside A could active PI-3 K/AKT pathway, inhibit NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, and improve oxidative stress, which showed multipathways on improving IR. These results provided the scientific basis for material basis and mechanism on improving IR of P. scabiosaefolia.
Brackish water treatment by Ceramic TiO2 Low-Pressure Nanofiltration Membranes

The application of ceramic Nanofiltration (NF) membrane in brackish water treatment is increasing due to strict water quality standards. Ceramic NF is a widely used membrane process and has replaced reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in many applications due to lower energy consumption and higher flux rates. This work aims to study the separation performance of tubular ceramic TiO2 Nanofiltration membrane at low-pressure (2 bar) for single and tertiary salt mixture separation. The results showed that the rejection of ions is ordered as follows: R (Cl1-) ion size > R calcium (Ca2+) ion size > R sodium (Na1+) ion size > R magnesium (Mg2+) ion size. Moreover, the highest Cl1- rejection was about 46%, the highest Ca2+ and Mg2+ rejection was about 44%, and the highest Na1+ rejection was about 37%. The pure water flux through the investigated ceramic NF membrane for distilled water was calculated to be 5.29 x 10-7 m3 s-1 m-2 bar-1, and this flux was dropped down for the salt mixture feed to 2.56 x 10-7 m3 s-1 m-2 bar-1 due to the presence of salt particles in the feed.
Coopetition, Where Do You Come From? Identification, Categorization, and Configuration of Theoretical Roots of Coopetition

Though being 30 years old, coopetition, is still earning popularity and represents a fresh, beneficial, but paradoxical approach to inter-organizational relations. The increasing interest is gradually filling the pool of coopetition knowledge with new and interesting qualitative findings and quantitative results. Nonetheless, if we search in this pool of empirical evidence, we will not find many theoretical works, especially those devoted to definitions, conceptualization, typology, or recognition of the foundations of coopetition phenomenon. Our reviewing paper taps into these cognitive gaps using the interpretative and descriptive revision of the theoretical underpinnings of coopetition concept. Our literature review reveals 10 main reference theories with the dominant relevance of three ones, namely game theory, resource-based view, and network approach. Identification of the theoretical lenses allowed us to develop two categorizations of theoretical rooting of coopetition. One is based on the approach to reasoning the adoption of coopetition strategy (i.e., economic, organizational, and inter-organizational) and the second considering the function of coopetition theory development (i.e., preparing, encouraging, and managing). Finally, by integrating these categorizations, reinforced by the process view to coopetition phenomenon, this paper offers a comprehensive configuration of theoretical lenses pointing at three sets of theories—construction, development, and maintenance theories—useful when improving coopetition across its life cycle.
Hybrid deep-spatio textural feature model for medicinal plant disease classification

The high-pace rise in the demands of medicinal plants towards pharmaceutical significances as well as the different ayurvedic or herbal remedials have forced agro-industries However, rising plant disease cases have limited the cumulative growth and hence both volumetric production as well as quality of medicine. In this paper a first of its kind evolutionary computing driven ROI-specific hybrid deep-spatio temporal textural feature learning model is developed for medicinal plant disease detection (HDST-MPD). To alleviate any possible class-imbalance problem, HDST-MPD model at first applied firefly heuristic driven fuzzy C-means clustering to retrieve ROI-specific RGB regions. Subsequently, to exploit maximum possible deep spatiotemporal textural features, it applied gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and AlexNet transferable network. Here, the use of multiple GLCM features helped in exploiting textural feature distribution, while AlexNet deep model yielded high-dimensional features. These deep-spatio temporal textural feature (deep-STTF) features were fused together to yield a composite vector, which was trained over random forest ensemble to perform two-class classification to classify each sample medicinal image as normal or diseased. Depth performance assessment confirmed that the proposed model yields accuracy of 98.97%, precision 99.42%, recall 98.89%, F-measure 99.15%, and equal error rate of 1.03%, signifying its robustness towards real-time medicinal plant disease detection and classification.
PHYLLOSILICATE EMISSION FROM PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

Phyllosilicates are commonly found in meteorites. A product of aqueous alteration, phyllosilicates have unique emission features in the mid-infrared. In order to determine if these features can be detected in extrasolar protoplanetary disks with instruments such as the Spitzer Space Telescope, disk emission was modeled using simple radiative transfer. In so doing, it was found that the most prominent phyllosilicate features can be detected. Comparisons of the disk emission model with and without the inclusion of 3% phyllosilicates in the dust mixture are presented. The zodiacal dust in our Solar System has been modeled by including 20% montmorillonite, a phyllosilicate. Detection of phyllosilicates in extrasolar protoplanetary disks, indicates the presence of liquid water, and would demonstrate a similarity of those disks to our Solar System. Non-detection would place a meaningful upper limit on the abundance of phyllosilicates and would imply that those systems are fundamentally different than our own.
Single image fog removal using anisotropic diffusion

In this study, a novel and efficient fog removal algorithm is proposed. Fog formation is because of attenuation and airlight. Attenuation reduces the contrast and airlight increases the whiteness in the scene. Proposed algorithm uses anisotropic diffusion to recover scene contrast. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed algorithm outperforms prior state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of contrast gain, percentage of number of saturated pixels and computation time. Proposed algorithm is independent of the density of fog and does not require user intervention. It can handle colour as well as grey images. Along with the RGB (red, blue and green) colour model, proposed algorithm can work for HSI (hue, saturation and intensity) model which further reduces the computation. Proposed algorithm has a wide application in tracking and navigation, consumer electronics and entertainment industries.
The complete short proof of the Berge conjecture

<p>We say that a graph <em>B</em> is berge if every graph <em>B'</em> ∈ {<em>B</em>,<em>B̄</em><em></em>} does not contain an induced cycle of odd length ≥ 5 [<span><em>B̄</em></span> is the complementary graph of <em>B</em>}. </p><p>A graph G is perfect if every induced subgraph <em>G'</em> of <em>G</em> satisfies <em>χ</em>(<em>G'</em>)=<em>ω</em>(<em>G'</em>), where <em>χ</em>(<em>G'</em>) is the chromatic number of <em>G'</em> and <em>ω</em>(<em>G'</em>) is the clique number of <em>G'</em>. The Berge conjecture states that a graph <em>H</em> is perfect if and only if <em>H</em> is berge. Indeed, the Berge problem (or the difficult part of the Berge conjecture) consists to show that <em>χ</em>(<em>B</em>)=<em>ω</em>(<em>B</em>) for every berge graph <em>B</em>. In this paper, we give the direct short proof of the Berge conjecture by reducing the Berge problem into a simple equation of three unknowns and by using trivial complex calculus coupled with elementary computation and a trivial reformulation of that problem via the reasoning by reduction to absurd [we recall that the Berge conjecture was first proved by Chudnovsky, Robertson, Seymour and Thomas in a paper of at least 143 pages long. That being said, the new proof given in this paper is far more easy and more short]. </p><p>Our work in this paper is original and is completely different from all strong investigations made by Chudnovsky, Robertson, Seymour and Thomas in their manuscript of at least 143 pages long. </p>
Assessment of the gastrointestinal microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing in ruminant nutrition

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of ruminants contains diverse microbes that ferment various feeds ingested by animals to produce various fermentation products, such as volatile fatty acids. Fermentation products can affect animal performance, health, and well-being. Within the GI microbes, the ruminal microbes are highly diverse, greatly contribute to fermentation, and are the most important in ruminant nutrition. Although traditional cultivation methods provided knowledge of the metabolism of GI microbes, most of the GI microbes could not be cultured on standard culture media. By contrast, amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes can be used to detect unculturable microbes. Using this approach, ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists have conducted a plethora of nutritional studies, many including dietary interventions, to improve fermentation efficiency and nutrient utilization, which has greatly expanded knowledge of the GI microbiota. This review addresses the GI content sampling method, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis and then discusses recent studies on the various factors, such as diet, breed, gender, animal performance, and heat stress, that influence the GI microbiota and thereby ruminant nutrition.
Estimation for Non-Negative Lévy-Driven CARMA Processes

Continuous-time autoregressive moving average (CARMA) processes with a nonnegative kernel and driven by a nondecreasing Lévy process constitute a useful and very general class of stationary, nonnegative continuous-time processes that have been used, in particular, for the modeling of stochastic volatility. Brockwell, Davis, and Yang (2007) derived efficient estimates of the parameters of a nonnegative Lévy-driven CAR(1) process and showed how the realization of the underlying Lévy process can be estimated from closely-spaced observations of the process itself. In this article we show how the ideas of that article can be generalized to higher order CARMA processes with nonnegative kernel, the key idea being the decomposition of the CARMA process into a sum of dependent Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes.
The Profile of Bioactive Compounds in Two Tomato Lines (hp-2 and Atv_aft) When Grown under Low-Input Farming Conditions with or without Mulching and Intercropping

The work analyzed the effect of two types of low-input farming conditions on the yield components and on the bioactive compounds in the pulp and peel of tomato fruits. The first low-input (LI) system involved the application of cow manure and manual weed control; in the second (LIMI), the same system was integrated with mulching (the wood chips of eucalyptus) and intercropping (basil and cabbage plants). The study included the line 392, harboring the hp-2 gene that increases the pigments of plant and fruit; the line 446 with the atv and Aft genes which influence the content of polyphenols; and a commercial control (cv. Rio Grande). The experimental design was a split-plot where the farming system (LI and LIMI) was allocated in the main plot and the genotype was in the sub-plot. Within the main plot, each genotype was replicated three times in three randomized blocks. Mulching and intercropping led to a differentiation in the LIMI with respect to the LI system with higher values of the leaf greenness index (61.3 vs. 53.3 Spad units), the number of fruits (70 vs. 46), and the weight of fruits per plant (2716.6 vs. 2195.0 g). However, the LI system showed a higher content of polyphenols (+37.9%) and anthocyanins (+116.7%) in the peel and a higher content of vitamin C (+44.0%) and polyphenols (+11.1) in the pulp. The less complex LI system stimulated the plants to produce natural antioxidant systems to contrast biotic and abiotic offenders, while the introduction of mitigation elements in the LIMI system reduced the need for protective barriers against the environmental stress. The study also revealed that low-input systems can allow for satisfactory yields, minimizing the use of off-farm resources. Growers can combine factors of sustainable agriculture with specific genotypes to maximize the production of healthier foods.
Voltage-Controlled Switching and Thermal Effects in VO2 Nano-Gap Junctions

Voltage-controlled switching in lateral VO2 nano-gap junctions with different gap lengths and thermal properties was investigated. The effect of Joule heating on the phase transition was found to be strongly influenced by the device geometry, the contact material, and the current. Our results indicate that the VO2 phase transition was likely initiated electronically, which was sometimes followed by a secondary thermally induced transition.
Adaptive MBPE algorithm for speeding up the computation

A Model-Based Parameter Estimation (MBPE) technique is described to accelerate numerical simulations of electromagnetic structures. The adaptive MBPE algorithm is based on Cauchy's formula and operates in the frequency domain to extrapolate or interpolate from a narrowband set of data to a broadband set of data. The data can be either computed or measured over a specified frequency range. For computed data the sampled values of the function and a few low order derivatives are calculated from a Maxwell solver and are then used to reconstruct the function. For measured data, only measured values of the parameter set are used to create broadband information. In this case derivatives are avoided as they are too noisy. Adaptive MBPE belongs to the class of auxiliary techniques and can be added to any field solver. In this paper the technique is combined with two semi-analytic field solvers working in the frequency domain, the Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS) and the Multiple Multipole Program (MMP). A dielectric waveguide, metallic and metallo-dielectric Photonic Crystals (PhCs) as well as Channel Plasmon-Polariton (CPP) structures are analyzed to demonstrate the efficiency of adaptive MBPE.
A Refinement of Extracting Approximate Symmetry Planes Based on Least Square

Extracting approximate symmetry planes is a challenge due to the difficulty of accurately measuring numerical values. Introducing the approximate symmetry planes of a 3D point set, this paper presents a new method by gathering normal vectors of potential of the planes, clustering the high probability ones, and then testing and verifying the planes. An experiment showed that the method is effective, robust and universal for extracting the complete approximate planes of symmetry of a random 3D point set.
Misspecification Tests in Econometrics: The Lagrange Multiplier Principle and Other Approaches

Preface 1. Approaches to testing the hypothesis of adequate specification 2. Inequalities between criteria for testing hypotheses in linear regression models 3. The Lagrange multiplier test and testing for misspecification: an extended analysis 4. Tests for misspecification of regression equations 5. Tests for misspecification of simultaneous equation models 6. Tests for qualitative and limited dependent variable models Bibliography Index.
Measuring timing properties of thermal infrared cameras

A measurement setup and method is presented that serves to determine constants characterising the timing behaviour of thermal infrared cameras. A continuously rotating chopper wheel is used to periodically obscure and reveal the cutout of a mask plate. The exposed fraction of the cutout is the main measured quantity. Irregularities in the chopper wheel are determined from timestamps of the light beam detectors in the chopper head. The method is suitable for both kinds of thermal cameras, cooled cameras and microbolometer cameras, and for both snapshot and rolling-frame cameras. Example results are presented for a cooled snapshot camera and a rolling-frame microbolometer camera.
CO $J$ = 3-2 mapping of the molecular circumnuclear disk in Centaurus A

We have mapped the molecular circumnuclear disk in Centaurus A in the $J=3$-2 line of 12 CO using the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope at 14´´ (235 pc) resolution. The disk remains at best only very barely resolved and even the most basic conclusions regarding its structure are highly model-dependent.
A Categorification of the Temperley-Lieb Algebra and Schur Quotients of U(sl2) via Projective and

2.1. U̇(sl2) and its representations . 204 2.1. 1. Algebra U̇(sl2) . 204 2.1. 2. Representations of U̇(sl2) . 206 2.2. Temperley-Lieb algebra . 207 2.3. The category of highest weight modules over a reductive Lie algebra . 210 2.3. 1. Definitions . 210 2.3. 2. Projective functors . 211 2.3. 3. Parabolic categories . 212 2.3. 4. Zuckerman functors . 213 2.4. Singular blocks of the highest weight category for gl
Correction of Inertial Navigation with Loran C on NOAA's P-3 Aircraft

Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains two Orion WP-3D aircraft based in Miami, Florida, and used for atmospheric and oceanographic research in support of NOAA projects and missions. Good navigation is essential to such research and we show that Loran C combined with inertial navigation results in substantial improvements. In particular, a method based upon symmetric filters can, in postprocessing, correct for inertial navigation errors in position, velocity, and horizontal winds. To test this method, data are compared with a high-precision, ground-based laser system operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Results show that errors in position and ground speed can be reduced to 0.2 km and 0.1–0.3 m s−1, respectively, in regions of good Loran C coverage. In addition, errors in heading are analyzed, and a method for partially correcting errors, based solely upon Loran C data, is presented. Results show that wind calculations are adversely affected.
Assessment of Turbulence Models for Free and Confined Impinging Jet Flows

CP – Coefficient of pressure d – diameter of the orifice ewt – Enhanced wall treatment e – Dissipation rate h – heat transfer coefficient H – distance of orifice from the target plate k – Kinetic energy L – Nozzle length Nu – Nusselt Number r – radial distance from the axis RKE Realizable k- model RSM – Reynolds stress model Re – Reynolds number Rin – orifice inlet radius Rmax – orifice outlet radius SA – Spalart Allmaras model SKE Standard k- model SST – Shear-stress transport model swf – standard wall function Ui – Velocity tensor
SPIRALING OUT OF CONTROL: THREE-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMICAL MODELING OF THE COLLIDING WINDS IN η CARINAE

Three-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement hydrodynamical simulations of the wind–wind collision between the enigmatic supermassive star η Car and its mysterious companion star are presented which include radiative driving of the stellar winds, gravity, optically thin radiative cooling, and orbital motion. Simulations with static stars with a periastron passage separation reveal that the preshock companion star's wind speed is sufficiently reduced so that radiative cooling in the postshock gas becomes important, permitting the runaway growth of nonlinear thin-shell instabilities (NTSIs) which massively distort the wind–wind collision region (WCR). However, large-scale simulations, which include the orbital motion of the stars, show that orbital motion reduces the impact of radiative inhibition and thus increases the acquired preshock velocities. As such, the postshock gas temperature and cooling time see a commensurate increase, and sufficient gas pressure is preserved to stabilize the WCR against catastrophic instability growth. We then compute synthetic X-ray spectra and light curves and find that, compared to previous models, the X-ray spectra agree much better with XMM-Newton observations just prior to periastron. The narrow width of the 2009 X-ray minimum can also be reproduced. However, the models fail to reproduce the extended X-ray minimum from previous cycles. We conclude that the key to explaining the extended X-ray minimum is the rate of cooling of the companion star's postshock wind. If cooling is rapid then powerful NTSIs will heavily disrupt the WCR. Radiative inhibition of the companion star's preshock wind, albeit with a stronger radiation–wind coupling than explored in this work, could be an effective trigger.
Cosmic-ray particle transport in weakly turbulent plasmas. Part 2. Mean free path of cosmic-ray protons

We use the general Fokker–Planck coefficients derived in the first paper of this series, which describe the interaction of energetic charged particles with weak plasma turbulence in a magnetized plasma, to calculate the mean free path λ of cosmic-ray particles along the uniform background magnetic field. This quantity is a key parameter for confining energetic charged particles in cosmic plasmas, and can be experimentally inferred from interplanetary in-situ observations of solar particle events
The Role of the Acetylcholine System in Common Respiratory Diseases and COVID-19

As an indispensable component in human beings, the acetylcholine system regulates multiple physiological processes not only in neuronal tissues but also in nonneuronal tissues. However, since the concept of the “Nonneuronal cholinergic system (NNCS)” has been proposed, the role of the acetylcholine system in nonneuronal tissues has received increasing attention. A growing body of research shows that the acetylcholine system also participates in modulating inflammatory responses, regulating contraction and mucus secretion of respiratory tracts, and influencing the metastasis and invasion of lung cancer. In addition, the susceptibility and severity of respiratory tract infections caused by pathogens such as Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also correlate with the regulation of the acetylcholine system. In this review, we summarized the major roles of the acetylcholine system in respiratory diseases. Despite existing achievements in the field of the acetylcholine system, we hope that more in-depth investigations on this topic will be conducted to unearth more possible pharmaceutical applications for the treatment of diverse respiratory diseases.