Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FUZZY ERROR MATRIX IN CLSSIFICATION PROBLEMS

This paper concerns a new method called Fuzzy Supervised Method for error matrix, the method has developed based on Adoptive Neuro- Fuzzy Inference Systems(ANFIS). For the performance point of view initially the new method tested with trial data and then this paper applies the proposed method with real world problems. So that this paper generated 1000 random error matrices in programming language [R] and then it tests the new proposed method for the error matrices. The results of Fuzzy Supervised Method given in terms of Kappa Index and Congalton Accuracy Indexes, and performance of Fuzzy Supervised Method has evaluated by using Pearson's test.
Robust IDA‐PBC for underactuated mechanical systems subject to matched disturbances

The problem of robustification of interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control for underactuated mechanical system vis‐à‐vis matched, constant, and unknown disturbances is addressed in the paper. This is achieved adding an outer‐loop controller to the interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control. Three designs are proposed, with the first one being a simple nonlinear PI, while the second and the third ones are nonlinear PIDs. While all controllers ensure stability of the desired equilibrium in spite of the presence of the disturbances, the inclusion of the derivative term allows us to inject further damping enlarging the class of systems for which asymptotic stability is ensured. Numerical simulations of the Acrobot system and experimental results on the disk‐on‐disk system illustrate the performance of the proposed controller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Better cigarette tax policies and higher tobacco excise tax revenues

Background In November 2021, the Tobacconomics team published the second edition of the Cigarette Tax Scorecard which evaluates cigarette taxation in each country based on four components—cigarette price, affordability change, tax share and tax structure. This study examines the relationship between the overall cigarette tax score and tobacco excise tax revenue between 2014 and 2018. Methods Using cigarette tax scores from the Tobacconomics Cigarette Tax Scorecard and tobacco excise tax revenue information from WHO, this analysis is based on ordinary least squares estimations to assess the association between the overall cigarette tax scores and tobacco excise tax revenues per capita controlling for countries’ tobacco control environment, sociodemographic characteristics and country and year fixed effects. Results A 1-point higher overall cigarette tax score is associated with higher tobacco excise tax revenue per capita of $11.98 (in constant 2018 purchasing power parity international dollars). For low and middle-income countries and lower performing countries at baseline, a 1-point higher overall cigarette tax score is associated with higher tobacco excise tax revenue per capita of $11.32 and $6.92, respectively. If all countries had increased their scores to ‘5’, the tobacco excise tax revenue per capita would have increased by 22.51%. Conclusions Higher overall cigarette tax scores are associated with higher tobacco excise tax revenue per capita. Countries aiming to reach higher cigarette tax scores would be able to reduce tobacco use and increase their tobacco tax revenue, which can be allocated to development priorities.
Draft Genome Sequences of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus paralicheniformis Strains Isolated from Irish Skim Milk Powder

Nineteen Bacillus licheniformis strains and four strains of the closely related species Bacillus paralicheniformis were isolated from a variety of Irish medium-heat skim milk powders. The draft genome sequences of these 23 isolates provide valuable genetic data for research work relevant to dairy products and process development. The isolates are available at Teagasc. ABSTRACT Nineteen Bacillus licheniformis strains and four strains of the closely related species Bacillus paralicheniformis were isolated from a variety of Irish medium-heat skim milk powders. The draft genome sequences of these 23 isolates provide valuable genetic data for research work relevant to dairy products and process development. The isolates are available at Teagasc.
Historical plant introductions predict current insect invasions

Significance Invasive insects severely impair ecosystem functioning and impact human societies. It is therefore urgent to better predict and prevent future invasions. Using statistical models, we show that nonnative plant introductions are a major driver of insect invasions, and that insect invasions lag behind plant invasions. In the near future, new insect invasions are estimated to increase by 35% worldwide based on recent nonnative plant introductions. The Afrotropics, the Neotropics, and Indomalaya are the regions most at risk of future invasions. Our results highlight that limiting the introduction and spread of nonnative plants will be key to preventing future insect invasions.
Statistical properties of randomly broken objects and of multivalley structures in disordered systems

The statistical properties of the multivalley structure of disordered systems and of randomly broken objects have many features in common. For all these problems, if W, denotes the weight of the sth piece, we show that the probability distributions PI( W,) of the largest piece W,, P2( W,) of the second largest piece, and n( Y) of Y = 1, Wi always have singularities at W, = l/n, W2 = l/n and Y = Ijn, n = 1,2,3,.
Correction to “The CH– 3Σ– Anion: Inelastic Rate Coefficients from Collisions with He at Interstellar Conditions”

CH − ( 3 Σ − ) constitutes the smallest term in the series of longer anionic polyynes that have been observed in the ISM (e.g., C 4 H − and several others). We have just discovered a computational error in the results in the original paper regarding the potential energy surface between the CH − ( 3 Σ − ) anion and the neutral He atom. The origin of this error is explained in the Introduction, and new, corrected calculations are presented and discussed. The relevant inelastic scattering cross sections and the corresponding inelastic rate coefficients are then computed again and compared with the earlier results. We find that we now obtain even smaller values for the final inelastic rate coefficients, thereby correctly confirming that possible state-changing processes induced by collisions would be a very inefficient path for modifying the rotational state populations of this anion and therefore be of marginal importance for aiding its possible observation
Understanding trends in loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands: the moderating role of gender, age, and living arrangement

Abstract Objectives: Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive lockdown measures increased loneliness levels. However, most studies are cross-sectional or rely on a pre-post (pandemic) design. This study relies on multiple observations to analyze the impact of the lockdown on loneliness levels in the Netherlands, and test whether it differed by gender, age, and living arrangement. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Covid-Questionnaire within the Lifelines Cohort Study from the northern Netherlands was used. Data was gathered between March 2020 and July 2021 with a total of 21 waves and 769,526 observations nested in 74,844 individuals. The outcome was a multi-dimensional Loneliness Index. The association between the lockdown period and loneliness levels was estimated using fixed-effects linear regression. Moderation effects were tested by means of two-way interactions. Results: Loneliness levels increased during stricter lockdown periods, and decreased when preventive measures were relaxed. Women and young adults experienced stronger fluctuations in their loneliness levels, whereas living arrangement did not play a notable moderating role. Conclusion: This study calls for special attention to be paid to the public issue of loneliness during periods of lockdown. Women and young adults appear as particularly vulnerable groups during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Analysis of the Deep Convective Activity over the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia: Part II: Seasonal and Intraseasonal Variations during Northern Summer@@@第2部 北半球の夏にみられる季節変化と季節内変動

The seasonal and the intraseasonal behaviors of the deep convective clouds are investigated by using the activity index devised in Part I of this paper. The monthly mean distributions for the period from May through August 1979 have revealed many seasonal characteristics which have been inferred in the past from the cloudiness or from the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). The latitudinal change of the distribution has clearly shown the northward advance of the convective area over the Southeast Asia, the formation of the highly convective area which brings the Bai-u (Mei-yu in Chinese) rain, and the northward shift of the convective belt associated with ITCZ over the western Pacific. The latitude-time section of the above activity has revealed the existence of the major intraseasonal variation with the 30to 40-day periodicity. Over the Indo-China peninsula and the Bay of Bengal, it appears in the form of the repetitive progressions from the equatorial South Indian Ocean. The more detailed analysis using the band-pass filter has revealed that there also exists a southward-progressing component which comes down from the Tibetan Plateau. Moreover, it turned out that the similar situation also occurs over the western Pacific. The composite analysis performed on the wind variation at 850mb level verified that the above 30to 40-day variation is associated with the active/break cycle of the Indian monsoon. When the monsoon westerly is most intensified over India, the enhanced deep convection appears over the region ranging from the northeastern India to the Philippines. In contrast, the suppressed condition appears over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the Tibetan Plateau. Furthermore, it turned out that the convective activity associated with ITCZ is also intensified at this stage over the tropical western Pacific.
Schistosoma japonicum Tyrosine Hydroxylase is promising targets for immunodiagnosis and immunoprotection of Schistosomiasis japonica

Identification of promising schistosome antigen targets is crucial for the development of anti-schistosomal strategies. Schistosomes rely on their neuromuscular systems to coordinate important locomotory behaviors. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is critical in the initial rate-limiting step in biosynthesis of catecholamine, the important neuroactive agents, which promote the lengthening of the worm through muscular relaxation and are therefore of great importance to the movement of the organism both within and between its hosts. THs from both Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum and their enzyme activities have been discovered; however, the role of these proteins during infection have not been explored. Herein, a recombinant protein of the nonconserved fragment of S. japonicum TH (SjTH) was produced and the corresponding polyclonal antibody was generated. The expression and antigenicity of SjTH were detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence assays, and ELISA. Mice immunized with the recombinant SjTH were challenged with cercariae to evaluate the immunoprotective value of this protein. Our results showed SjTH not only distributed in the head associated with the central nervous system, but also expressed along the tegument and the intestinal intima, which are involved in the movement, coupling and digestion of the parasites and associated with the peripheral nervous system. This protein can effectively stimulate humoral immune responses in mammalian hosts and has high potential as a biomarker for schistosomiasis immunodiagnosis. Furthermore, immunization with recombinant SjTH showed to reduce the worm and egg burden of challenged mice, and to contribute to the systemic balance of the Th1/Th2 responses. Taken together, these results suggest that SjTH is an important pathogenic molecule in S. japonicum and may be a possible target for anti-schistosomal approaches.
Increased genetic diversity and immigration after West Nile virus emergence in American crows: No evidence for a genetic bottleneck

Infectious diseases can cause steep declines in wildlife populations, leading to changes in genetic diversity that may affect the susceptibility of individuals to infection and the overall resilience of populations to pathogen outbreaks. Here, we examine evidence for a genetic bottleneck in a population of American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) before and after the emergence of West Nile virus (WNV). More than 50% of marked birds in this population were lost over the 2‐year period of the epizootic, representing a 10‐fold increase in adult mortality. Using analyses of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellite markers, we tested for evidence of a genetic bottleneck and compared levels of inbreeding and immigration in the pre‐ and post‐WNV populations. Counter to expectations, genetic diversity (allelic diversity and the number of new alleles) increased after WNV emergence. This was likely due to increases in immigration, as the estimated membership coefficients were lower in the post‐WNV population. Simultaneously, however, the frequency of inbreeding appeared to increase: Mean inbreeding coefficients were higher among SNP markers, and heterozygosity–heterozygosity correlations were stronger among microsatellite markers, in the post‐WNV population. These results indicate that loss of genetic diversity at the population level is not an inevitable consequence of a population decline, particularly in the presence of gene flow. The changes observed in post‐WNV crows could have very different implications for their response to future pathogen risks, potentially making the population as a whole more resilient to a changing pathogen community, while increasing the frequency of inbred individuals with elevated susceptibility to disease.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Ileocolonic Crohn Disease Treated with Infliximab Versus Adalimumab

Objectives: Infliximab is considered superior to adalimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis, especially in severe cases. Whether this is true for Crohn disease (CD) patients with colonic involvement is unclear. Our aim was to compare the clinical effectiveness of infliximab versus adalimumab in pediatric ileocolonic (L3) CD. Methods: This retrospective study included patients <18 years with ileocolonic CD treated with infliximab or adalimumab between 2014 and 2021. Primary outcome was steroid-free clinical remission by week 52. Secondary outcomes were treatment modifications, drug discontinuation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated hospitalizations, and surgery during the first year of treatment. Results: We identified 74 patients treated with adalimumab and 41 with infliximab, with comparable demographic features. Concomitant immunomodulator therapy at biologic initiation was significantly lower in the adalimumab group (28% vs 85%, P < 0.001). Rates of drug intensification were higher in the infliximab group at end of induction (EOI) and at 52 weeks (55% vs 32% and 88% vs 46%, P < 0.001). Given significant differences between initial median Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index scores (20.0 [interquartile range, IQR 15.0–27.5] vs 11.0 [IQR 7.5–20.0] for infliximab and adalimumab groups, respectively, P < 0.001), propensity score matching was performed. Following matching, the rate of patients in steroid-free clinical remission by EOI was significantly higher in the adalimumab group (93.8% vs 46.9%, P < 0.001), but comparable by 1 year. Moreover, inflammatory markers and fecal calprotectin values were also similar at these time points. Rates of drug discontinuation, IBD-associated admissions, and surgery were similar between groups. Conclusions: In a retrospective study of patients with ileocolonic CD, adalimumab and infliximab had comparable outcomes by 52 weeks.
PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma: A Comparison of 3 Scoring Methods in a Cohort of Jordanian Patients

Anti–programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) treatments can improve colorectal carcinoma (CRC) survival; however, there is still controversy regarding the relationship between PD-L1 expression and the outcome of immunotherapeutic treatment and survival. The discrepancies are partly caused by the lack of a unified scoring system. This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated PD-L1 by immunohistochemistry in 127 CRC cases and compared the 3 scoring systems used to assess PD-L1: Tumor Percentage Score (TPS), Combined Positive Score (CPS), and immune cell (IC) score. Correlations were calculated using the χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier curves with the Log-rank test were used to measure the contribution of PD-L1 expression to survival. PD-L1-positive rate were 29.9%, 57.5%, and 55.9% based on TPS, CPS, and IC score, respectively. TPS showed a better correlation with the clinicopathologic features being significantly higher with young age, T4, and adenocarcinomas (compared with mucinous/signet ring). TPS also showed an increasing trend with higher grade, lymph node stage, and male sex, although these variables were not significantly associated with PD-L1 expression. There was no correlation between PD-L1 expression and mismatch repair protein status in the 3 scoring methods. The probability of survival was higher for PD-L1-negative cases in the first 60 months after surgery if scored by the TPS method (P=0.058). Future efforts correlating PD-L1 status with response to treatment are needed to decide on the best scoring method to be used for making therapy decisions.
Neurocognitive predictors of adherence to an online pain self-management program adjunct to long-term opioid therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction While pain self-management programs can significantly improve patient outcomes, poor adherence is common and the need for research on predictors of adherence has been noted. A potential, but commonly overlooked, predictor is cognitive function. Our aim, then, was to examine the relative influence of various cognitive functional domains on engagement with an online pain self-management program. Method A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial testing the impact of E-health (a 4-month subscription to the online Goalistics Chronic Pain Management Program) plus treatment as usual, relative to treatment as usual alone, on pain and opioid dose outcomes in adults receiving long-term opioid therapy of morphine equivalence dose ≥20 mg; 165 E-health participants who completed an on-line neurocognitive battery were included in this sub-analysis. A variety of demographic, clinical, and symptom rating scales were also examined. We hypothesized that better processing speed and executive functions at baseline would predict engagement with the 4-month E-health subscription. Results Ten functional cognitive domains were identified using exploratory factor analysis and the resultant factor scores applied for hypothesis testing. The strongest predictors of E-health engagement were selective attention, and response inhibition and speed domains. An explainable machine learning algorithm improved classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Conclusions The results suggest that cognition, especially selective attention, inhibitory control, and processing speed, is predictive of online chronic pain self-management program engagement. Future research to replicate and extend these findings seems warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number NCT03309188
Effects of home‐based chronic wound care training for patients and caregivers: A systematic review

We aimed to review and synthesise the evidence of the interventions of patients' and informal caregivers' engagement in managing chronic wounds at home. The research team used a systematic review methodology based on an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (PRISMA) and recommendations from the Synthesis Without Meta‐analysis. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial of the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Embase, CINAHL, Wanfang (Chinese), and CNKI database (Chinese) were searched from inception to May 2022. The following MESH terms were used: wound healing, pressure ulcer, leg ulcer, diabetic foot, skin ulcer, surgical wound, educational, patient education, counselling, self‐care, self‐management, social support, and family caregiver. Experimental studies involving participants with chronic wounds (not at risk of wounds) and their informal caregivers were screened. Data were extracted and the narrative was synthesised from the findings of included studies. By screening the above databases, 790 studies were retrieved, and 16 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies were 6 RCTs and ten non‐RCTs. Outcomes of chronic wound management included patient indicators, wound indicators, and family/caregiver indicators. Home‐based interventions of patients or informal caregivers' engagement in managing chronic wounds at home may effectively improve patient outcomes and change wound care behaviour. What's more, educational/behavioural interventions were the primary type of intervention. Multiform integration of education and skills training on wound care and aetiology‐based treatment was delivered to patients and caregivers. Besides, there are no studies entirely targeting elderly patients. Home‐based chronic wound care training was important to patients with chronic wounds and their family caregivers, which may advance wound management outcomes. However, the findings of this systematic review were based on relatively small studies. We need more exploration of self and family‐oriented interventions in the future, especially for older people affected by chronic wounds.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Steroids for Prolonging the Surgery‐Free Interval in Subglottic Stenosis

Repeat endoscopic dilation (ED) in the operating room for subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains an economic burden to patients. The cost‐effectiveness (CE) of adjuvant serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) to prolong the surgery‐free interval (SFI) in SGS patients requiring ED has yet to be studied.
An unusual injury pattern: arm wrestling injury, treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and return to sport

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: In the sport of arm wrestling, the great rotational force is applied to the upper extremity, which can result in muscle and tendon injuries in the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints, and even bone fractures. The aim of this study was to present the treatment modalities, functional outcomes, and return to sport after arm wrestling injuries. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation was made of the trauma mechanisms, treatment modalities, clinical outcomes, and time of return to sports of patients admitted to our hospital with an arm wrestling injury between 2008 and 2020. At the final follow-up examination, the functional scores (DASH score and constant score) of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS: Evaluation was made of 22 patients comprising 18 (82%) males and 4 (18%) females with a mean age of 20±6.1 years (range, 12–33 years). Two (10%) patients were professional arm wrestlers. The DASH scores at the final follow-up (mean 4 years) examination were 0.57 (min: 0 and max: 1.7) for the patients with humerus shaft fracture. All the patients with isolated soft-tissue injuries returned to sports within 1 month. Patients with humeral shaft fractures returned to sports later and had a lower functional score (P<0.05). There was no disability in any patient during long-term follow-up. Patients with soft-tissue injuries continued arm wrestling more than patients with bone injuries (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study constitutes the largest patient series evaluating patients presenting at a health-care institution with any complaint after arm wrestling. Arm wrestling is not a sport that only results in bone pathologies. Therefore, providing the participants in this sport with information that they may be injured in arm wrestling but there will be a full recovery, may reassure and encourage them.