Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovative Method of Combing Multidecade Remote Sensing Data for Detecting Precollapse Elevation Changes of Glaciers in the Larsen B Region, Antarctica

The Antarctic Peninsula has undergone dramatic changes in recent decades, including ice-shelf melting, disintegration, and retreat of the grounding line. The Larsen B ice shelf is of particular concern due to the unprecedented ice-shelf collapse in 2002. Since few observations on the Antarctic Peninsula were available before the 1970s, long-term investigation of the surface elevation change in the Larsen B region could not be pursued. In 1995, the United States administration declassified a collection of archived intelligence satellite photographs from the 1960s to the 1970s, including analogue satellite images from the ARGON program covering parts of the Larsen B region. We chose overlapping ARGON photos captured in the Larsen B region in 1963. These photos were all subjected to a tailored photogrammetric stereo-matching process, which overcomes those specific challenges related to the use of historical satellite images, such as poor image quality, low resolution, and a lack of high-precision validation data. We discovered that between 1963 and 2001, the surface elevations of the main tributary glaciers in the Larsen B embayment have undergone little change before the ice shelf collapse from 1963 to 2001 by comparing the reconstructed ARGON-derived digital elevation model (DEM) (1963) and ASTER-derived DEM (2001). In addition, the results demonstrated that the hierarchical image matching method can be modified and applied to reconstruct a historical Antarctic DEM using satellite images acquired ∼60 years ago through an innovative and rigorous ground control point selection procedure that guarantees no changes occurred at these points over the period. The new ARGON-derived DEM derived from ARGON (1963) can be used to build a long-term spatiotemporal record of observations for extended analyses of ice-surface dynamics and mass balance in the Larsen B region.
SLU7: A New Hub of Gene Expression Regulation—From Epigenetics to Protein Stability in Health and Disease

SLU7 (Splicing factor synergistic lethal with U5 snRNA 7) was first identified as a splicing factor necessary for the correct selection of 3′ splice sites, strongly impacting on the diversity of gene transcripts in a cell. More recent studies have uncovered new and non-redundant roles of SLU7 as an integrative hub of different levels of gene expression regulation, including epigenetic DNA remodeling, modulation of transcription and protein stability. Here we review those findings, the multiple factors and mechanisms implicated as well as the cellular functions affected. For instance, SLU7 is essential to secure liver differentiation, genome integrity acting at different levels and a correct cell cycle progression. Accordingly, the aberrant expression of SLU7 could be associated with human diseases including cancer, although strikingly, it is an essential survival factor for cancer cells. Finally, we discuss the implications of SLU7 in pathophysiology, with particular emphasis on the progression of liver disease and its possible role as a therapeutic target in human cancer.
THE ORIGIN OF KEPLER'S SUPERNOVA REMNANT

It is now well established that Kepler's supernova remnant (SNR) is the result of a Type Ia explosion. With an age of 407 yr and an angular diameter of ∼4′, Kepler is estimated to be between 3.0 and 7.0 kpc distant. Unlike other Galactic Type Ia SNRs such as Tycho and SN 1006, and SNR 0509-67.5 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, Kepler shows evidence for a strong circumstellar interaction. A bowshock structure in the north is thought to originate from the motion of a mass-losing system through the interstellar medium prior to the supernova. We present results of hydrodynamical and spectral modeling aimed at constraining the circumstellar environment of the system and the amount of 56Ni produced in the explosion. Using models that contain either 0.3 M☉ (subenergetic) or 1.0 M☉ (energetic) of 56Ni, we simulate the interaction between supernova Ia ejecta and various circumstellar density models. Based on dynamical considerations alone, we find that the subenergetic models favor a distance to the SNR of <6.4 kpc, while the model that produces 1 M☉ of 56Ni requires a distance to the SNR of >7 kpc. The X-ray spectrum is consistent with an explosion that produced ∼1 M☉ of 56Ni, ruling out the subenergetic models, and suggesting that Kepler's SNR was an SN 1991T-like event. Additionally, the X-ray spectrum rules out a pure r−2 wind profile expected from isotropic mass loss up to the time of the supernova. Introducing a small cavity around the progenitor system results in modeled X-ray spectra that are consistent with the observed spectrum. If a wind-shaped circumstellar environment is necessary to explain the dynamics and X-ray emission from the shocked ejecta in Kepler's SNR, then we require that the distance to the remnant be greater than 7 kpc.
Simulation of tillage, crop residue mulch and nitrogen interactions on yield and water use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum) using DSSAT model

Field experiment was conducted during rabi season for two years (2014-15 and 2015-16) on wheat cultivar HD- 2967 in a sandy loam soil (Inceptisol) for simulation of evapotranspiration, crop water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of wheat under different tillage (Conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)), residue (maize residue @ 5 t ha-1 (R+) and without residue (R0)) and nitrogen (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1, representing 50% (N60), 100% (N120) and 150% (N180) of the recommended dose of nitrogen for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), respectively management practices using DSSAT (v 4.6) model. Experimental data of the years 2014-15 and 2015-16 was used for the calibration and validation of the model, respectively. The results showed no significant difference in grain and biomass yield due to tillage and crop residue mulch but it increased significantly with increase in the N levels. The WUE of wheat was also not influenced by tillage but increased significantly with the increase in N levels. The DSSAT model could satisfactorily simulate grain yield (R2 = 0.759), biomass yield (R2= 0.728) and seasonal ET (R2= 0.904) in wheat but simulation of WUE (R2= 0.414) was not significant under different tillage, residue and nitrogen management with acceptable level of accuracy.
Arabic Rumor Detection Using Contextual Deep Bidirectional Language Modeling

In today’s world, news outlets have changed dramatically; newspapers are obsolete, and radio is no longer in the picture. People look for news online and on social media, such as Twitter and Facebook. Social media contributors share information and trending stories before verifying their truthfulness, thus, spreading rumors. Early identification of rumors from social media has attracted many researchers. However, a relatively smaller number of studies focused on other languages, such as Arabic. In this study, an Arabic rumor detection model is proposed. The model was built using transformer-based deep learning architecture. According to the literature, transformers are neural networks with outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. Two transformers-based models, AraBERT and MARBERT, were employed, tested, and evaluated using three recently developed Arabic datasets. These models are extensions to the BERT, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers, a deep learning model that uses transformer architecture to learn the text representations and leverages the attention mechanism. We have also mitigated the challenges introduced by the imbalanced training datasets by employing two sampling techniques. The experimental results of our proposed approaches achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.97. This result demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method and outperformed other existing Arabic rumor detection methods.
Adiabatic loading of a Bose–Einstein condensate in a 3D optical lattice

We experimentally investigate the adiabatic loading of a Bose–Einstein condensate into an optical lattice potential. The generation of excitations during the ramp is detected by a corresponding decrease in the visibility of the interference pattern observed after free expansion of the cloud. We focus on the superfluid regime, where we show that the limiting time scale is related to the redistribution of atoms across the lattice by single-particle tunnelling.
A 3-GS/s RF Track-and-Hold Amplifier Utilizing Body-Biasing With >55-dBFS SNR and >67-dBc SFDR Up to 3 GHz in 22-nm CMOS SOI

In this article, a 3-GS/s time-interleaved (TI) RF track-and-hold (TaH) amplifier designed in a 22-nm SOI technology is presented. The TaH amplifier is designed to drive an ADC, which can be either two pipeline-ADCs or two rows of SAR-ADCs. Both TI TaH are driven by a single RF-matched wide-band bulk-controlled front-end (FE) buffer. The measured TaH amplifier has an SFDR beyond 70 dBc up to 2.5 GHz and remains above 67 dBc till 3 GHz enabling subsampling. An overall system bandwidth of 4.5 GHz is achieved with an SNR above 55 dBFS. The ultralow-jitter clock regeneration has only 45 fs rms jitter not limiting the SNR up to 3 GHz. Two-tone and multitone measurements reveal a third intermodulation and interband nonlinearity with >72 and >82 dBFS, respectively. Off-chip calibration of offset/gain mismatch and time-skew between both TaH-lanes reduce interleaving spurs >75 dBFS utilizing a 37-tap fractional delay FIR filter. The efficient body-bias control of the technology is used to dynamically body-bias the TaH sample-switch increasing bandwidth by 10% improving settling performance while at the same time the leakage decreases. Static body-biasing is also applied to the common-mode feedback by using the bulk as a control node. The TaH amplifier including the clock generation consumes only 178 mW from a triple 2 V/0.9 V/−0.8 V supply.
Filaments and sheets of the warm-hot intergalactic medium

Filaments, forming in the context of cosmological structure formation, are not only supposed to host the majority of the baryons at low redshifts in the form of the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), but also to supply forming galaxies at higher redshifts with a substantial amount of cold gas via cold steams. In order to get insight into the hydro- and thermodynamical characteristics of these structures, we performed a series of hydrodynamical simulations. Instead of analysing extensive simulations of cosmological structure formation, we simulate certain well-defined structures and study the impact of different physical processes as well as of the scale dependencies. In this paper, we continue our work, and extend our simulations into three dimensions. Instead of a pancake structure, we now obtain a configuration consisting of well-defined sheets, filaments and a gaseous halo. We use a set of simulations, parametrized by the length of the initial perturbation L, to obtain detailed information on the state of the gas and its evolution inside the filament. For L > 4 Mpc, we obtain filaments which are fully confined by an accretion shock. Additionally, they exhibit an isothermal core, in which temperature is balanced by radiative cooling and heating due to the extragalactic ultraviolet background. This indicates on a multiphase structure for the medium temperature WHIM. We obtain scaling relations for the main quantities of this core. After its formation, the core becomes shielded against further infall of gas on to the filament, and its mass content decreases with time. In the vicinity of the halo, the filament’s core can be attributed to the cold streams found in cosmological hydrosimulations. They are constricted by the outwards moving accretion shock of the halo. Thermal conduction can lead to a complete evaporation of the cold stream for L > 6 Mpc h−1. This corresponds to haloes more massive than Mhalo= 1013 M⊙, and implies that star formation in more massive galaxies cannot be supplied by cold streams.
Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End-Product Formation by High Antioxidant-Leveled Spices Commonly Used in European Cuisine

Spices and herbs, as good sources of polyphenols, could be strong inhibitors of advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation. The aim of this research was to measure the ability of various spices to inhibit AGEs and to study the correlation of AGE inhibition with total phenolic (TP) content and antioxidant capacity. Fourteen spices commonly used in European cuisine were extracted with a 50% ethanol solution, and their water and total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities were examined. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using three methods: (1) Measurement of the radical scavenging ability of 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and (2) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●); and (3) photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay. Antiglycation properties were studied in vivo using two model systems: Bovine serum albumin-glucose (BSA-glucose) and bovine serum albumin-methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO). The most potent glycation inhibitors, according to the BSA-MGO assay, were star anise (88%), cinnamon (85%), allspice (81%), and cloves (79%), whereas in the BSA-glucose measurement, oregano was noted to be a very effective inhibitor of the glycation process. The ability to inhibit glycation was highly correlated with TP values in the BSA-MGO and BSA-glucose assay (r = 0.84 and 0.76, respectively). Our research showed the high antiglycation ability of cinnamon, cloves, and allspice, and we suggest, for the first time, that anise could also be considered a good glycation inhibitor.
A Study of the Accounting System and Standards in Bulgaria

This paper is focused on the analysis of Bulgarian accounting system and practices. More specifically, it is aimed at investigating the main environmental factors, which led to the development of such system. The approach is therefore both descriptive and causal. The findings suggest that the changes in the socio-economic and the cultural tradition mainly affect accounting systems and practices, as well as the status of the accounting profession.
Synchronization in scale-free dynamical networks: robustness and fragility

Recently, it has been demonstrated that many large complex networks display a scale-free feature, that is, their connectivity distributions are in the power-law form. In this paper, we investigate the synchronization phenomenon in scale-free dynamical networks. We show that if the coupling strength of a scale-free dynamical network is greater than a positive threshold, then the network will synchronize no matter how large it is. We show that the synchronizability of a scale-free dynamical network is robust against random removal of nodes, but is fragile to specific removal of the most highly connected nodes.
House Prices Segmentation Using Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Clustering

House is a place for humans to live and a main necessity for humans. For years, the need for houses is increasing and varied so that it affects the selling price of the house. Therefore, more research is needed to learn about the selling price of houses. This research is only focusing on house price segmentation in DKI Jakarta using the Gaussian Mixture Model-Based Clustering Method with the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The goal of this research is to make a house price segmentation model so that we can obtain useful information for the potential buyer. Clustering with GMM utilize the log-likelihood function to optimize the GMM parameters. The result of this research is houses in DKI Jakarta can be segmented into 3 different clusters. The first cluster is for the low-profile houses. The second cluster is for the mid-profile houses. The third cluster is for the high-profile houses. The silhouette score that was produced by the clustering method is 0.60866 meaning that this score is quite good because it’s close to a value of 1.
Charged di-boson production at the LHC in a 4-site model with a composite Higgs boson

We investigate the scope of the LHC in probing the parameter space of a 4-site model supplemented by one composite Higgs state, assuming all past, current and future energy and luminosity stages of the CERN machine. We concentrate on the yield of charged di-boson production giving two opposite-charge different-flavour leptons and missing (transverse) energy, i.e., events induced via the subprocess $q\bar q\to e^+\nu_e \mu^-\bar\nu_\mu$ + ${\rm{c.c. }}$, which enables the production in the intermediate step of all additional neutral and charged gauge bosons belonging to the spectrum of this model, some of which in resonant topologies. We find this channel accessible over the background at all LHC configurations after a dedicated cut-based analysis. We finally compare the yield of the di-boson mode to that of Drell-Yan processes and establish that they have complementary strengths, one covering regions of parameter space precluded to the others and vice versa.
Domain Diversity and Polarization Switching in Amino Acid β-Glycine

Piezoelectric materials based on lead zirconate titanate are widely used in sensors and actuators. However, their application is limited because of high processing temperature, brittleness, lack of conformal deposition and, more importantly, intrinsic incompatibility with biological environments. Recent studies on bioorganic piezoelectrics have demonstrated their potential in these applications, essentially due to using the same building blocks as those used by nature. In this work, we used piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) to study the domain structures and polarization reversal in the smallest amino acid glycine, which recently attracted a lot of attention due to its strong shear piezoelectric activity. In this uniaxial ferroelectric, a diverse domain structure that includes both 180° and charged domain walls was observed, as well as domain wall kinks related to peculiar growth and crystallographic structure of this material. Local polarization switching was studied by applying a bias voltage to the PFM tip, and the possibility to control the resulting domain structure was demonstrated. This study has shown that the as-grown domain structure and changes in the electric field in glycine are qualitatively similar to those found in the uniaxial inorganic ferroelectrics.
IDENTIFICATION OF THREE NEW PROTOPLANETARY NEBULAE EXHIBITING THE UNIDENTIFIED FEATURE AT 21 μm

Among its great findings, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite mission showed the existence of an unidentified mid-IR feature around 21 μm. Since its discovery, this feature has been detected in all C-rich protoplanetary nebulae (PPNe) of intermediate spectral type (F–G) and—weakly—in a few PNe and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, but the nature of its carriers remains unknown. In this paper, we show the detection of this feature in the spectra of three new stars transiting from the AGB to the PN stage obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Following a recent suggestion, we try to model the spectral energy distributions of our targets with amorphous carbon and FeO, which might be responsible for the unidentified feature. The fit thus obtained is not completely satisfactory, since the shape of the feature is not well matched. In an attempt to relate the unidentified feature to other dust features, we retrieved mid-IR spectra of all 21 μm sources currently known from Infrared Space Observatory and Spitzer online archives and noticed a correlation between the flux emitted in the 21 μm feature and that emitted at 7 and 11 μm (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon bands and hydrogenated amorphous carbon broad emission). Such a correlation may point to a common nature of the carriers.
Cognizance of Molecular Methods for the Generation of Mutagenic Phage Display Antibody Libraries for Affinity Maturation

Antibodies leverage on their unique architecture to bind with an array of antigens. The strength of interaction has a direct relation to the affinity of the antibodies towards the antigen. In vivo affinity maturation is performed through multiple rounds of somatic hypermutation and selection in the germinal centre. This unique process involves intricate sequence rearrangements at the gene level via molecular mechanisms. The emergence of in vitro display technologies, mainly phage display and recombinant DNA technology, has helped revolutionize the way antibody improvements are being carried out in the laboratory. The adaptation of molecular approaches in vitro to replicate the in vivo processes has allowed for improvements in the way recombinant antibodies are designed and tuned. Combinatorial libraries, consisting of a myriad of possible antibodies, are capable of replicating the diversity of the natural human antibody repertoire. The isolation of target-specific antibodies with specific affinity characteristics can also be accomplished through modification of stringent protocols. Despite the ability to screen and select for high-affinity binders, some ‘fine tuning’ may be required to enhance antibody binding in terms of its affinity. This review will provide a brief account of phage display technology used for antibody generation followed by a summary of different combinatorial library characteristics. The review will focus on available strategies, which include molecular approaches, next generation sequencing, and in silico approaches used for antibody affinity maturation in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
Tricritical Ising phase transition in a two-ladder Majorana fermion lattice

We introduce a two-ladder lattice model with interacting Majorana fermions that could be realized on the surfaces of a topological insulator film. We study this model with a combination of analytical and numerical techniques, and we find a phase diagram that features both gapless and gapped phases as well as interesting phase transitions including a quantum critical point in the tricritical Ising (TCI) universality class. The latter occurs at an intermediate-coupling strength at a meeting point of a first-order transition line and an Ising critical line, and it is known to be described by a superconformal field theory with central charge $c=\frac{7}{10}$. We discuss the experimental feasibility of constructing the model and tuning parameters to the vicinity of the TCI point where signatures of the elusive supersymmetry can be observed.