Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motivation Building Strategies of Mathematics Instruction for Undergraduate Students in Mechanical Engineering

is a licensed Professional Engineer with a Ph.D. in general engineering composite (Major: Aerospace Engineering) Mississippi He obtained his B.Tech. and M.Tech. degrees in Aeronautical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. He is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at Rochester Institute of Technology. His primary teaching responsibilities are in the areas of ﬂuid mechanics and aerodynamics. He is also a signiﬁcant contributor in teaching of the solid mechanics courses. For the past ten years, he has been involved heavily in educational research at RIT and has also served as the coordinator of the Engineering Sciences Core Curriculum (ESCC) in Mechanical Engineering and various other curricular committees. Abstract One of the biggest challenges in teaching upper level mathematics-oriented courses such as Fluid Dynamics or, Aerodynamics to mechanical engineering students today is the lack of focus and motivation. The advantages offered by computing tools today have simultaneously created new challenges at the undergraduate instructional level regarding understanding and absorption of theoretical modeling concepts. To compound the picture even more, lack of time and career goals have modified educational priorities in our students and pose difficulties in integrating mathematics with engineering. This paper discusses methods to overcome such barriers without compromising the mathematical rigor in learning concepts of applied mathematics. This research is supported by implanted strategies in a sequence of courses leading to and culminating in an upper level course in computational fluid dynamics. There are many alternate outcomes posed by a flipped classroom structure adopted by many professors. Past ten years of observed data do not demonstrate deeper understanding of logical and analytical models for several reasons which are discussed in the paper. Therefore, this paper focuses on motivation building aspects to offer connectivity and slow absorption of applied mathematical tools. This research identifies the primary needs of building conceptual inventories and contrasts their differences from the theories of learning mathematics. In practice, delivering mathematical theories necessary at the upper undergraduate level in mechanical engineering is not well executed and some adjustments are necessary primarily at the lower levels. Scaffolding with conceptual inventories must be completed with enough time for sufficient reinforcement. The results realized in teaching at upper levels are derived from mathematical concepts and identifiers reinforced during core courses in mechanical engineering. The paper demonstrates such measured steps together with motivation builders as the prescription required in teaching calculus and boundary value problems to mechanical engineering students.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Impact of Multimedia in Sina Weibo: Popularity and Life Span Impact of Multimedia in Sina Weibo: Popularity and Life Span

Multimedia contents such as images and videos are widely used in social network sites nowadays. Sina Weibo, a Chinese microblogging service, is one of the ﬁrst microblog platforms to incorporate multimedia content sharing features. This work provides statistical analysis on how multimedia contents are produced, consumed, and propagated in Sina Weibo. Based on 230 million tweets and 1.8 million user proﬁles in Sina Weibo, we study the impact of multimedia contents on the popularity of both users and tweets as well as tweet life span. Our preliminary study shows that multimedia tweets dominant pure text ones in Sina Weibo. Multimedia contents boost popularity of tweet as well as users. Users who tend to publish many multimedia tweets are also productive with text tweet. Finally, we demonstrate that tweets with multimedia contents survive longer than text tweets. Our research demonstrates the impact of multimedia in Sina Weibo with respect to how it aﬀects the popularity, life span of tweets and the popularity of user. The results could be leveraged by social-media-based marketing and decision-making.
In Vitro Biliary Clearance of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors in Sandwich-Cultured Rat Hepatocytes: Comparison to In Vivo Biliary Clearance

Previous reports have indicated that in vitro biliary clearance (Cl biliary ) determined in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes correlates well with in vivo Cl biliary for limited sets of compounds. This study was designed to estimate the in vitro Cl biliary in sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) of angiotensin II receptor blockers and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors that undergo limited metabolism, to compare the estimated Cl biliary values with published in vivo Cl biliary data in rats, and to characterize the mechanism(s) of basolateral uptake and canalicular excretion of these drugs in rats. Average biliary excretion index (BEI) and in vitro Cl biliary of olmesartan, valsartan, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and pitavastatin were 15%, 19%, 43%, 45%, and 20%, respectively, and 1.7, 3.2, 4.4, 46.1, and 34.6 ml/min/kg, respectively. Cl biliary predicted from SCRH, accounting for plasma unbound fraction, correlated with reported in vivo Cl biliary for these drugs. The rank order of Cl biliary values predicted from SCRH was consistent with in vivo Cl biliary values. all and Cl biliary values of valsartan, and multidrug and Cl biliary were reduced in TR − compared to WT SCRH; Bcrp expression in SCRH from TR − rats was decreased. In conclusion, in vitro Cl biliary determined in SCRH can be used to estimate and compare in vivo Cl biliary of compounds in rats, and to characterize transport proteins responsible for their hepatic uptake and excretion.
PII: S0003-4878(00)00092-2

Metal arc welding ranges from primitive (manual) to increasingly complex automated welding processes. Welding occupies 1% of the labour force in some industrialised countries and increasing knowledge of health risks, necessitating improved assessment strategies and controls have been identified by the International Institute of Welding (IIW), ILO, WHO and other authoritative bodies. Challenges for developing countries need to be addressed. For small scale production and repair work, predominantly by manual metal arc on mild steel, the focus in developing economies has correctly been on control of obvious physical and acute health affects. Development introduces more sophisticated processes and hazards. Work pieces of stainless steel and consumables with chromium, nickel and manganese constituents are used with increasingly complex semi-manual or automated systems involving variety of fluxes or gasses. Uncritical adoption of new welding technologies by developing countries potentiates future health problems. Control should be integral at the design stage, otherwise substantive detriments and later costs can ensue. Developing countries need particular guidance on selection of the optimised welding consumables and processes to minimise such detriments. The role of the IIW and the MFRU are described. Applications of occupational hygiene principals of prevention and control of welding fume at source by process modification are presented.  2001 British Occupational Hygiene Society. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Images in Nephrology Multifocal skeletal tuberculosis

A 54-year-old diabetic, hypertensive smoker (60 pack years) with chronic kidney disease Stage V and on dialy- sis, presented with hoarseness and weight loss. His hemoglobin was 9 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 60 mm at the ﬁ rst hour, blood urea 7 mmol/L and serum creatinine 70 µmol/L. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest showed a mass in the hilum of the left lung and enlarged mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes. Meanwhile, he developed a high-grade fever, low back pain and painful ﬁ xed ﬂ exion of both hip joints. The X-rays of both hip joints and the lumbosacral spine were normal. In clinical assessment, bronchogenic carcinoma with skeletal secondaries was suspected. The results of the 18-F Fluoro deoxy glucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)-CT scan showed increased tracer uptake in the mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes, left lung hilum, dorsal vertebrae, bilateral iliacus muscles, bilateral hip joints and acetabulum of the right femur Fine-needle aspiration of the left iliacus muscle revealed pus with plenty of polymorphs. Tubercu- losis (TB) polymerase chain reaction evaluation of the pus was positive. He was initiated on antituberculosis
CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRACTICES IN THE BULGARIAN RAW MATERIAL INDUSTRY

The circular economy, which promotes the responsible and cyclical use of resources, contributing to sustainable development is becoming more and more popular, especially in the European Union. The concept of switching from the traditional linear to cyclical consumption model leads to minimisation of waste and environmental pollution, and in this regard the New Circular Economy Plan is already in place. The great ambitions for changes in the industry are strengthened by the Green Pact (Green Deal). The publication presents an in-depth study of the literature on the subject, as well as the five business models through which, in practice, a circle is realised. It has been established that the literature in the context of the mining industry is extremely scarce, and the business models through which the processes in the industry are carried out are poorly studied. An up-to-date survey of 13 companies in the raw-material resources sector in Bulgaria is also presented, aimed at showing the extent to which they understand and apply the circular economy in their work. The results unequivocally prove that the concept is not new for the business.
Parallel evolution of tumor subclones mimics diversity between tumors

Intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) may foster tumour adaptation and compromise the efﬁcacy of personalized medicine approaches. The scale of heterogeneity within a tumour (intratumour heterogeneity) relative to genetic differences between tumours (intertumour heterogeneity) is unknown. To address this, we obtained 48 biopsies from eight stage III and IV clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) and used DNA copy-number analyses to compare biopsies from the same tumour with 440 single tumour biopsies from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of TCGA and multi-region ccRCC samples revealed segregation of samples from the same tumour into unrelated clusters; 25% of multi-region samples appeared more similar to unrelated samples than to any other sample originating from the same tumour. We found that the majority of recurrent DNA copy number driver aberrations in single biopsies were not present ubiquitously in late-stage ccRCCs and were likely to represent subclonal events acquired during tumour progression. Such heterogeneous subclonal genetic alterations within individual tumours may impair the identiﬁcation of robust ccRCC molecular subtypes classiﬁed by distinct copy number alterations and clinical outcomes. The co-existence of distinct subclonal copy number events in different regions of individual tumours reﬂects the diversiﬁcation of individual ccRCCs through multiple evolutionary routes and may contribute to tumour sampling bias and impact upon tumour progression and clinical outcome.  No conﬂicts of interest were declared.
TransportBuddy: Navigation in Human Accessible Spaces

This work presents advancements achieved in the field of autonomous service robotics in open accessible spaces, with preliminary project results. A novel navigation algorithm is presented. It integrates (i) a new trajectory planner which can be proven to be safe with respect to expected moving objects by making use of emergency trajectories, (ii) person motion models trained from historical data and integrated into the trajectory planner to mimic human-like behaviors, and (iii) a global planner which is able to coordinate multiple vehicles in tight spaces without handcrafted tracks to prevent deadlocks. The results presented are shown on real and simulated hardware which was developed and used in the projects TransitBuddy, TransportBuddy and Autonomous Fleet.
Off-Odor Volatiles and Pink Color Development in Precooked, Irradiated Turkey Breast During Frozen Storage

The effect of irradiation on color, lipid oxidation, and volatile production of precooked, irradiated turkey breast during frozen storage was studied. Turkey breast muscles were precooked, aerobically or vacuumpackaged, irradiated at 0, 2.5, or 5.0 kGy using a linear accelerator (electron beam), and then frozen-stored at −40 C. Lipid oxidation, volatiles, color values, gas production, and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of meat were determined during 3-mo storage periods. Ionizing radiation produced characteristic off-odor volatiles (dimethyldisulfide and methylthioethane) and lipid oxidation products in precooked, frozen turkey breast. The production of volatiles was accelerated by the confounding effect of high irradiation dose, aerobic packaging, and increased storage time. Volatile production and color changes in irradiated, precooked turkey breast were induced by different mechanisms. Irradiation increased pink color in precooked, vacuum-packaged turkey breast, and the pink color was stable during frozen storage. Decreased ORP and increased CO in irradiated meat indicated that denatured CO-heme pigments could be responsible for the pink color in precooked, irradiated turkey breast. Vacuum packaging was better than aerobic packaging in preventing lipid oxidation and oxidation-dependent volatile production, but pink color in precooked, irradiated turkey breast during frozen storage was maintained.
Coordinate Expression of Parietal Endodermal Functions in Hybrids of Embryonal Carcinoma and Endodermal Cells

A derivative, FOT5, of the F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cell line which is resistant to ouabain and thioguanine was fused with a near diploid parietal endodermal cell line, PFHR9. Hybrid clones (ENEC1 to ENEC5) were isolated in HAT medium containing ouabain at a frequency of approximately 2 x 10-4. The DNA contents and chromosome number of the ENEC hybrids were approximately the sum of those of the parents. Five hybrid cell lines examined in detail expressed the following parietal endodermal functions: plasminogen activator activity, basement membrane proteins, and endodermal cytoskeletal proteins. Embryonal carcinoma characteristic functions (tumorigenicity, a stage specific embryonic antigen, and high alkaline phosphatase activity) were extinguished in the hybrids. No hybrid clones with embryonal carcinoma morphology were observed among 1,358 hybrid clones examined. Hybrids, propagated for over 100 generations, continued to express endodermal functions and not embryonal carcinoma functions. The coordinate expression of endodermal functions and the extinction of embryonal carcinoma functions in the ENEC hybrids suggest that the parietal endodermal cells contain diffusible activities which extinguish embryonal carcinoma functions and possibly cause the embryonal carcinoma genome to express parietal endodermal characteristics.
genomic stability. A chromatin-bound kinase, ERK8, protects genomic integrity by inhibiting HDM2-mediated degradation of the DNA

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 190 No. 4 575–586 www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.201002124 JCB 575 Correspondence to Deborah A. Lannigan: dal5f@virginia.edu Abbreviations used in this paper: CD, conserved docking; HME, human mammary epithelial; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PIP, PCNA-interacting protein; Rb, retinoblastoma; shRNA, short hairpin RNA. Introduction
grain(cid:21)size ring disease in the Manila lam Ruditapes

During the infe tion pro ess, the pathogen enters the extrapallial ompartment of the Manila lam and indu es the formation of a hara teristi brown deposit that gives the disease its name. Although post-infe tion pro esses have been widely des ribed for this disease, the me hanisms of entry of the ba teria into the extrapallial ompartment remains un lear. From relationships between lam size and BRD prevalen e, and between grain(cid:21)size distribution in natural habitats and prevalen e, we propose a simple explanation for this step: V. tapetis bene(cid:28)ts from me hani al disruptions of the periostra al lamina or valve margins to olonize the extrapallial ompartment. Su h disruptions may be indu ed by the presen e of large sediment grains in natural habitats, whi h be ome lodged in the shell opening. This hypothesis suggests that limiting handling of lams may help to limit development of BRD in ultured lam beds.
Performance Analysis of Time in Character Segmentation Using Different Fonts

— Segmentation is a widely used process in current-day image processing. Various segmentation processes exist to segment characters and words. header lines are detected and converted as straight lines. Text line segmentation is an important step because inaccurately segmented text lines will cause errors in the recognition stage. Text characteristics can vary in font, size, orientation. This paper introduces a comparative analysis of the segmentation process that is carried out on various style text to find the time taken in the segmentation process. The text is segmented into lines, lines into words and then from lines words Here we make a comparative study of time consumed during character segmentation using different style fonts and find the time in which fonts type, character segmentation takes minimum amount of CPU time. Here we preposed a method that supports all segmentation process(character segmentation) to retrieve text, make boundary boxes to the characters and perform character segmentation. It consists of recording the start time of the process as well as end time of the process and find the time difference. This process is applied to different fonts of characters to make a comparative analysis.
Incubation of normal human peripheral blood lymphoid cells in fetal calf serum-supplemented media initiates bias

Incubation of normal human peripheral blood lymphoid cells in fetal calf serum-supplemented media initiates bias togenic and nonspecific cytotoxic responses. A panel of lymphocytes from 13 normal donors exhibited increased [3H]thymidmneincorporation from 2 to 40 times that of con tnol lymphocytes incubated in pooled human AB-suppie mented media. Fetal calf serum-sensitized human lymphoid cells were active in cytotoxicity assays against a wide variety of cultured human tumor and normal target cells. Cytotox icity continued to increase from 3 to 9 days of incubation in fetal calf serum-supplemented media, while blastogenic me sponse peakedat 6 days of incubation. Cytotoxic and bias togenic responses increased with higher concentrations of fetal calf serum. Once stimulated with fetal calf serum, the lymphocytes did not require the continued presence of fetal calf serum to mediate a cytotoxic reaction.
Term Premium Determinants of Three-Month Forward Interest Rate

Forward interest rates provide public authorities with insight into financial market expectations of future interest rates. Quite often the Expectation Hypothesis of the Term Structure (EHTS) is used to explain changes in forward interest rates. The EHTS assumes that forward rates, when adjusted for a term premium, are unbiased predictors of anticipated future interest rates. That said, it is well known that the EHTS is often rejected by the data, perhaps because the term premium varies over time. In this paper, we develop a consumption-based asset pricing model aimed at explaining the term premium included in the three-month forward rate. In the model, the premium depends on two parameters — the degree of consumer’s risk aversion and the persistence of consumption growth — and on one variable — the conditional variance of consumption growth. We then test the role of the conditional variance of consumption growth using an econometric equation for the term premium. The EHTS is not rejected in a broad equation that includes the conditional variance of consumption growth and a measure of the federal government debt-to-GDP ratio as a proxy for the time-varying risk premium often associated with changes in government debt. Using this equation, we find that the term premium for the three-month forward interest rate has dropped by about 50 basis points since its recent peak in 1995 following the decline in the government debt-to-GDP ratio.
Cellular Immunity Zwitterionic Polysaccharides to Stimulate Effect of Molecular Size on the Ability of

The large-molecular-sized zwitterionic capsular polysaccharide of the anaerobe Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343, designated polysaccharide (PS) A, stimulates T cell proliferation in vitro and induces T cell-dependent protection against abscess formation in vivo. In the present study, we utilized a modiﬁcation of a recently developed ozonolytic method for depolymerizing polysaccharides to examine the inﬂuence of the molecular size of PS A on cell-mediated immunity. Ozonolysis successfully depolymerized PS A into structurally intact fragments. PS A with average molecular sizes of 129.0 (native), 77.8, 46.9, and 17.1 kDa stimulated CD4 1 -cell proliferation in vitro to the same degree, whereas the 5.0-kDa fragment was much less stimulatory than the control 129.0-kDa PS A. Rats treated with 129.0-kDa, 46.9-kDa, and 17.1-kDa PS A molecules, but not those treated with the 5.0-kDa molecule, were protected against intraabdominal abscesses induced by challenge with viable B. fragilis. These results demonstrate that a zwitterionic polysaccharide as small as 22 repeating units (88 monosaccharides) elicits a T cell-dependent immune response. These ﬁndings clearly distinguish zwitterionic T cell-dependent polysaccharides from T cell-independent polysaccharides and give evidence of the existence of a novel mechanism for a polysaccharide-induced immune response. The Journal of Immunology, 2000, 164: 719–724. fre-quency
Review of the cardiovascular toxicity of amitriptyline treatment for canine neuropathic pain

Nowadays, the lifespan of pets has been increased by improvements in veterinary practice but age-related disorders are also increasing. Several nervous system attenuations are well-known to be the result of aging and/or pathological lesions. In many cases, neuropathic pain (NP) can develop and cause a significant impact on the clinical outcome and quality of life. With the difficulty in identification of the specific cause of NP, most NP management is planned according to clinical manifestations and recommended trial therapy. The drug of choice for trial therapy seems to be amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant with multiple effects on neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. However, the pharmacological effects of amitriptyline depend on several pathophysiological factors, including the level of drug exposure, drug metabolism capacity, concurrent disease and cellular responsiveness. In addition to its therapeutic effects, amitriptyline also possesses several adverse effects, especially cardiovascular toxicity. However, the information on its toxicity in veterinary clinical practice is very limited. In this article, we review the use of amitriptyline in NP management and its cardiovascular attenuation using both human medicine and veterinary publications. The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of routine cardiovascular monitoring and to provide a list of parameters that are associated with amitriptyline cardiovascular toxicity.