Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Static Analysis of Viscoelastic Reinforced Thick-Walled Cylinder

The numerical simulation of the static response of viscoelastic materials with the finite element method is presented in this paper. In particular, elastomeric solids which are of essential engineering interest are discussed. A rubbery elastic manner is assumed to be modeled with an Ogden-type strain energy function. A Prony series represents the relaxation moduli is exploited. By using a general finite element software ANSYS, numerical examples illustrate relaxation and creeping phenomena.
Superior performance and reliability of copper wire ball bonding in laminate substrate based ball grid array

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic method to perform long‐term reliability assessment of gold (Au) and copper (Cu) ball bonds in fineline ball grid array package. Also with the aim to study the apparent activation energies (Eaa) and its associated wearout mechanisms of both Au and Cu wire in semiconductor device packaging. This paper discusses the influence of wire type on the long‐term reliability and mechanical performance after several component reliability stress tests.Design/methodology/approach – A fineline ball grid array (FBGA) package with Cu and Au wire bonds was assembled with green molding compound and substrate. Samples are subjected for long‐term high temperature storage bake test at elevated temperatures of 150°C, 175°C and 200°C. Long‐term reliability plots (lognormal plots) are established and Eaa of both ball bonds are determined from Arrhenius plots. Detailed failure analysis has been conducted on failed sample and HTSL failure mechanisms have been proposed.F.
Shear Strength and Stability of Manmade Slopes

A new method of graphically expressing slope stability analysis in which equal Factor of Safety contours are drawn for a given slope for all values of angle of internal friction and cohesion intercept of the slope material is presented herein. This greatly facilitates the study of the effect of soil strength variation on the stability of such slopes. Recognizing the variability in the values of shear strength parameters due to testing techniques, moisture content changes and the heterogeneity of the soil, it is shown that the choice of strength parameters overrides the choice of the method of slope stability computation. Procedures are outlined for optimum economical design of a slope and also for bedding plane failure analysis in multilayered system. Stability charts for balanced factor of safety for manmade slope with b horizontal to 1 vertical for b = 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 are included for all practical value of shear strength parameters. The same charts can be used for cases when a relatively higher margin of safety is required in cohesion or in friction.
Product design in a concurrent engineering environment : an optimization approach

Abstract In this paper an optimization approach to the design of products in a concurrent engineering environment is explored. A five-step algorithm containing attribute-based utility values is utilized which allows for the incorporation of concurrent engineering design attributes in the objective function. Two integer programming models are presented. Model 1 considers module/part interactions; however, it does not consider the interactions among various part options making up a product. Model 2 considers both interactions and also results in groups of part options that can be designed and manufactured together. In each step of the optimization process, the design of a pad assembly of a braking system is considered and explained.
Low Carbon Green Building Skills Requirements for Existing Buildings

Malaysia bid for transition to low carbon cities and greener economy may be severely compromised without adequate green skills to keep pace with it. Based on an online survey of 132 respondents from 45 registered companies under Malaysian Green Building Confederation (MGBC), this study adopts Kendall’s rank correlation to assess the degree of agreement or concordance among the expert on the significance of some identified low carbon skills requirement for existing buildings. Our findings reveal strong degree of concordance as there were high relationship among the low carbon skills considered, especially on the ability of to integrate passive and active low carbon design, use of computer simulation software for prediction of energy and accounting of carbon dioxide emissions. Also, the mean score values on the low carbon skills show that all were considered important by the respondents.
Numerical simulation of surface acoustic wave actuated cell sorting

We consider the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of high throughput sorting of two different types of biological cells (type I and type II) by a biomedical micro-electro-mechanical system (BioMEMS) whose operating behavior relies on surface acoustic wave (SAW) manipulated fluid flow in a microchannel. The BioMEMS consists of a separation channel with three inflow channels for injection of the carrier fluid and the cells, two outflow channels for separation, and an interdigital transducer (IDT) close to the lateral wall of the separation channel for generation of the SAWs. The cells can be distinguished by fluorescence. The inflow velocities are tuned so that without SAW actuation a cell of type I leaves the device through a designated outflow channel. However, if a cell of type II is detected, the IDT is switched on and the SAWs modify the fluid flow so that the cell leaves the separation channel through the other outflow boundary. The motion of a cell in the carrier fluid is modeled by the Finite Element Immersed Boundary method (FE-IB). Numerical results are presented that illustrate the feasibility of the surface acoustic wave actuated cell sorting approach.
Flexible hardware platform for software radio experiments

In this paper we present the radio signal acquisition module designed and build in our team for Software Radio and RADAR experiments. The module allows sampling RF and IF signals from two sources and to transfer acquired data to a Personal Computer via USB 2.0 interface. Thanks to built-in FPGA chip, it is possible to perform on-board signal preprocessing before transferring the data to PC. The PC is responsible for module configuration, triggering and data storage. We present the preliminary performance results obtained in practical experiments and measurements. The example application in Passive Coherent Location (PCL) experiments is also described.
A simple model of the sound insulation of gypsum board on resilient supports

This work reports on the development of a simple model to explain the effects of adding resilient channels to a rigid double‐leaf wall or floor system. The surface layers mounted on resilient channels are treated as a vibration isolator with a fundamental resonance frequency determined by the combination of the stiffness of the resilient channels and the stiffness of the air cavity along with the masses of the surface layers. The effective stiffness of various common forms of resilient channels is determined to be approximately equivalent to that of a 160‐mm air cavity. The damping of constructions including resilient channels and cavities with sound‐absorbing material is found to vary with cavity depth. The model does not attempt to explain high‐frequency transmission through the resilient supports but does permit the optimization of the low‐frequency performance of double‐leaf constructions with resilient channels. It also demonstrates that the practical range of improvements is limited.
Feed-drive system with a permanent magnet linear motor for ultra precision machine tools

High- and ultra-precision cutting of nonferrous and ferrous materials call for high performance feed drive and guidance systems to obtain excellent smooth surfaces. Usually, spindle nut systems and rotating servo motors are provided as feed drives. Nonlinearities, such as friction and micro backlash, show negative effects on the surface quality. Linear motor direct drives, however, yield better results using a new transistor converter with high resolution PWM and synchronized current measurement with oversampling techniques. The investigations have shown that this drive system is well suited for ultraprecision machines.
Printed PIFA with a coplanar coupling feed for penta‐band operation in the mobile phone

A printed planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) with a novel coplanar coupling feed for GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation in the mobile phone is presented. The proposed PIFA is printed on one surface of the system circuit board of the mobile phone with an occupied area of 10 × 60 mm2 only, making it promising for practical applications. In addition, the PIFA is easily fabricated at low cost and can be bent by half, such that it occupies a small volume of 5 × 5 × 60 mm3 or 1.5 cm3 inside the mobile phone. The coplanar coupling feed allows the PIFA to generate two wide operating bands for covering GSM850/900 and GSM1800/1900/UMTS operations, respectively. Detailed effects of the coplanar coupling feed on the performances of the proposed PIFA are studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3181–3186, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23906
Performance Enhancement of Power System Stabilizer Through Colony of Foraging Ants

Abstract In this article, the concept of foraging behavior of a colony of natural ants is used for the optimal design of power system stabilizers. The controller design is formulated as an optimization task and the novel concept is used to derive the controller structure. The proposed approach is applied to the multi-machine test systems. The dynamic performance of the system has been examined under different perturbations and loading conditions. Various performance characteristics of the technique are thoroughly investigated and compared with the genetic algorithm based approach. The comparison shows that the ant colony optimization based technique converges much faster with lesser number of iterations through simple computational steps. It is also shown through extensive simulations that the proposed controller gives an excellent damping performance over different disturbances and wide range of operating conditions.
Development of Low Wake Wash Hull Form

Wake wash has become a significant issue in the ship design industry due to its impact on the environment in terms of erosion of natural shoreline wetlands. Many ideas for reducing wake wash have been introduced. This research work presents the development of a low wake wash catamaran hull form. In particular, the study is focused on the effectiveness of specially designed fin in order to reduce the wake wash produced by the ship. The fin was attached vertically along the centerline of the catamaran model and the model was tested in the towing tank of Marine Technology Center (MTC) to assess its wake wash. The fin was located at three different positions, which are at bow, center and stern of the ship. The results based on wave height measurements at the various fin locations showed that the fin located at the stern position produces lower wake wash compared to other positions.
Ireland's renewable island

Ireland's largest island, Achill, could supply all its energy needs from renewable sources. This paper discusses the energy analysis performed for Achill and the examination of Achill's renewable energy potential. In order to meet electrical demand, wind (offshore and onshore) and tidal energy were examined. However, the weakness of the electrical grid was found to be a prohibiting factor for wind generation. A planned upgrade of the network from one 10 kV feeder to two 20 kV feeders is likely to commence in 2003. The investigation of tidal power at Bull's Mouth is discussed.
Generalization of formal monad theory to lax functors

We study lax functors between bicategories as a generalized concept of monads and describe generalized notions and theorems of formal monad theory for lax functors. Our first approach is to use the 2-monad whose lax algebras are lax functors. We define lax doctrinal adjunctions for a 2-monad $T$ on a 2-category $\mathcal{K}$, and we show that if $\mathcal{K}$ admits and $T$ preserves certain codescent objects, the 2-category $\mathrm{Lax}\text{-}{T}\text{-}\mathrm{Alg}_{c}$ of lax algebras and colax morphisms can coreflectively be embedded in the 2-category of lax doctrinal adjunctions. This coreflective embedding generalizes the relation between monads and adjunctions. Our second approach is to see a distributive law for monads as a 2-functor from a lax Gray tensor product, and we show a generalized form of Beck's characterization of distributive laws.
Dual-frequency operation of CPW-fed antenna controlled by pin diodes

pin diode control is used to obtain a dual-band operation of a capacitively coupled patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The beam-lead pin diodes are inserted in the excitation slot and reduce the coupling length of the slot in their ON state. The frequency ratio of the two operating frequencies is 1.22 at 4.0 GHz. Details of the antenna design and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Measurements of the target strength of fish

Measurements have been made at 30 kc/s of the target strength of dead cod, herring, plaice and perch. Four independent series of measurements have been made between 1955 and 1959.In three of the series, false Onazote swimbladders were placed in the body of the fish to simulate the acoustic properties of the normal swimbladder. The results are tabulated and presented in a graph, the reference level being the target strength of a sphere of 2 m radius. The results are discussed in relation to the frequencies which are most likely to be suitable for echo-sounding on fish targets when quantitative data are required.
PLANE FRAME OPTIMUM DESIGN ENVIRONMENT BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM

A computational environment suitable for optimum design of structures in the general class of plane frames is described. Design optimization is based on the use of a genetic algorithm in which a population of individual designs is changed generation by generation applying principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest. The fitness of a design is assessed using an objective function in which violations of design constraints are penalized. Facilities are provided for automatic data editing and reanalysis of the structure. The environment is particularly useful when parametric studies are required. The use of the environment is illustrated in a study of a cable‐stayed bridge structure.
Using GPS with a model-based estimator to estimate critical vehicle states

This paper demonstrates a method to estimate the vehicle states sideslip, yaw rate, and heading using GPS and yaw rate gyroscope measurements in a model-based estimator. The model-based estimator using GPS measurements provides accurate and observable estimates of sideslip, yaw rate, and heading even if the vehicle model is in neutral steer or if the gyro fails. This method also reduces estimation errors introduced by gyroscope errors such as the gyro bias and gyro scale factor. The GPS and Inertial Navigation System measurements are combined using a Kalman filter to generate estimates of the vehicle states. The residuals of the Kalman filter provide insight to determine if the estimator model is correct and therefore providing accurate state estimates. Additionally, a method to predict the estimation error due to errors in the estimator model is presented. The algorithms are tested in simulation with a correct and incorrect model as well as with sensor errors. Finally, the estimation scheme is tested with experimental data using a 2000 Chevrolet Blazer to further validate the algorithms.
Measurement and analysis of grip force during a golf shot

In this study, grip force was measured during a standard golf tee shot using two different measurement techniques. The first utilized a matrix-type thin-film sensor applied to a golf grip, from which total grip force could be readily determined. The second method involved 31 individual thin-film force sensors strategically placed on two golf gloves, allowing the force output of specific regions of the hands to be measured. Twenty golfers of varying ability participated in each test. The discovery of a unique grip force ‘signature’ for each golfer emerged from these data. That is, each golfer had a very repeatable total grip force trace, but these traces varied considerably between golfers. High-speed video was also recorded for many of the golfers tested so that key phases in the swing could be identified on the force traces.
Sensor management using the decentralized Kalman filter

Previous work in data fusion has seen the development of a range of architectures for multi-sensor data fusion systems, from fully centralised through distributed to fully decentraiised [1, 2]. This paper presents some further experimental results obtained from an implementation of a multi-target tracking system built around a fully decentralised Kalman filter (DKF) [3, 4]. Here we concentrate on the problem of sensor management, and consider how the individual sensors in a decentraiised sensing network can use the information in the global picture to make decisions about which targets to observe. Explicit use is made of the information available locally to a sensor to control its pointing and target detection. The sensor modality (e.g. range only, bearing only, etc.) strongly affects the way in which the sensor is managed. The tracking system integrates an essentially range-only sensor with a bearing-only sensor [5]. The sensors run asynchronously from each other, and also exhibit asynchronous first detection. These effects are studied in the context of known target motion, as is the temporary removal of one of the sensors from the system. Of particular importance is the effect limited communications bandwidth has on the timeliness of the information exchange. Possible applications of the work are discussed, and suggestions are made for further research. This paper is organised as follows. First we review some background material, including the decentralised data fusion test bed used for the experiments reported here. Then we address the sensor management problem, and describe the experiments we have performed; these focus on assessing the impact on the performance of the data fusion system as a whole of employing sensor management. Finally, we draw some conclusions, and indicate some possible future work.
Design and Simulation of an Entry Edge Guide Control System for Tandem Cold Mills

A new entry edge guide control system for cold mills was designed using a dual-mode control system. One control loop regulated the cylinder pressure to prevent machine damage due to pressure surge while the other loop provided strip edge guide position control. The target control level was ±1.59mm accuracy for a maximum operating strip speed with coil sidewall variances of ±12.5mm/sec. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the dynamic behavior of the control system using the state space design method. The control system features two PID controllers, two hydraulic proportional valves, and a digital edge sensor. The PID tuning constants and the hydraulic proportional valves were specified by simulation results considering system response and signal noise. Data from 35 coils was used to investigate control performance. The results show that the average standard error is entirely acceptable. The majority of the coils are expected to have tracking errors less than the required accuracy.
Onsite Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials and Geocells to Reconstruct Pavements Damaged by Heavy Trucks

Asphalt pavements deteriorate with traffic (especially heavy trucks) and time. Maintenance and overlaying may solve minor to medium pavement distress problems. When the condition of a pavement becomes badly deteriorated, reconstruction of the pavement may become an economic and feasible solution. Reconstruction of a pavement requires removal of pavement surfaces. On-site use of recycled asphalt pavement materials has obvious benefits from economic, to environmental, to sustainability points of view. One attractive option is to use recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials as base courses with a thin new overlay. However, RAP has its limitations; for example, it creeps under a sustained load due to the presence of asphalt binder. A preliminary study conducted by the principal investigators has shown that the use of geocell to confine RAP minimizes creep of RAP under a sustained load. However, the performance of geocell-reinforced RAP as a base course overlaid by an asphalt surface is unknown. This research will utilize the geotechnical test box available at the University of Kansas to simulate the reconstruction of damaged asphalt pavements by geocell-reinforced RAP bases overlaid by a thin asphalt layer and evaluate their performance under cyclic loading. The main objectives of this research are to confirm the concept of using RAPs with geocells to reconstruct damaged pavements by heavy trucks and examine the benefit of geocells to the pavement life as compared with unreinforced base courses. In this research, at least four test sections will be constructed in the geotechnical test box including control sections and geocell-reinforced sections. The properties of RAP including asphalt binder content and viscosity, aggregate properties, compaction curve, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) will be evaluated in the laboratory. The subgrade will be prepared using an artificial soil by mixing Kansas River sand with Kaolin and compacted at an intermediate strength (i.e., 5% CBR). The pavement sections will be tested under cyclic loading up to 25-mm rut depth.
Research of Factors which influence Success of ERP Solutions Use

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) solutions are critical IS for today's organizations. They solve problems related to information integration from different sources of the organization’s environment in real time for all of its employees and partners. However, ERP solutions bring organizations benefits only to the extent to which users adopt and use them in their daily work. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of ERP solutions, organizations need to explore the factors that influence customer satisfaction. Among the models that focus on users’ behavioral aspects and examine those factors that influence the successful adoption and use of IT/IS, the most widely used model is the technology acceptance model (TAM). Therefore, we investigated the use of TAM in conjunction with ERP solutions.
Virtual Sensors to Improve On-Line Hydraulic Model Calibration

A new approach for monitoring a water distribution system involving Virtual Sensors is presented. In this approach, wireless sensor nodes are permanently deployed within the distribution system, providing continuous, on-line hydraulic data that can be assimilated into hydraulic models. In addition, temporary nodes are deployed for short periods (one week) around the distribution network. A Virtual Sensor is implemented using a data imputation technique called Gaussian Process Regression, which combines the historical data collected by the temporary node with correlated data from a subset of permanent sensor nodes. Use of spatially-correlated data accounts for new trends in the data that do not appear in the historical data collected by the temporary node. An increase in the number of sensors (a combination of real and virtual) is important for reducing the ill-conditioned state of the hydraulic model calibration procedure. The technique is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept using data collected from the WaterWiSe\x+SG testbed in Singapore, and is shown to predict pressure data trends with an accuracy of 0.76 PSI RMSE after a six-week test.