Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crustal and Upper Mantle Seismic Velocity Structure of the Former USSR from Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs) and Chemical Explosion Data

Abstract : In the past forty years, the Ministry of Geology of the former USSR committed vast funds to investigations of the structure of the continental crust and upper mantle by seismic methods. The former USSR is crisscrossed by a network of seismic profiles that are more detailed than in any other part of the world. There are three kinds of profiles: (1) short-range refraction; (2) Deep Seismic Sounding (DSS) profiles; and (3) ultra-long range seismic profiles using Peaceful Nuclear Explosions (PNEs). The main goal of the shortrange refraction work was to image sedimentary cover and basement. Measurements were obtained using 48-60 channel analog instruments with 100 m receiver spacing, and seismograms were recorded on photographic paper by the wiggle trace method. The DSS observations were mainly used for crustal studies. The shotpoint spacing was 30-50 km, and three components of ground displacement were recorded. The refracted and reflected compressional (P) and shear waves (S), and converted waves were interpreted. Ultra-long range PNE-sourced profiles provided information on the structure of the crust and upper mantle to a depth of 670 km. For PNE profiles, up to 400 short-period (1.5-20 Hz), three-component seismometers were deployed every 5-10 km to record ground motion. Thirty-nine PNE shots were detonated for these purposes, with intermediate chemical shots spaced at 40-70 km intervals. These chemical shots had charges ranging from 2000 to 5000 kg. The total length of all of these three types of profiles exceeds 80 thousand kilometers. We present a synthesis of these results in the form of updated maps of depth to basement and depth to Moho in Russia.
Inference of Choice Correspondences ∗

Despite being the fundamental primitive of the study of decision-making in economics, choice correspondences are not observable: even for a single menu of options, we observe at most one choice of an individual at a given point in time, as opposed to the set of all choices she deems most desirable in that menu. However, it may be possible to observe what a person chooses from a feasible menu at various times, repeatedly. We propose a method of inferring the choice correspondence of an individual from this sort of choice data. First, we derive our method axiomatically, assuming an ideal dataset. Next, we develop statistical techniques to implement this method for real-world situations where the sample is often small. A special case of this methodology allows for the estimation of individual preferences from repeated pairwise choice data. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, we use it on the data of a famous experiment (Tversky, 1969) on transitivity of preferences. We find that the conclusions this data leed to are more nuanced than the original ones.
A Comparison of Ionospheric Model Performance for International Space Station Orbits

Abstract : The Floating Potential Measurement Unit (FPMU) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) monitors the ISS charging environment and provides a unique electron density and electron temperature in-situ data source for the purpose of ionospheric model validation. An ionospheric model that accurately predicts the ISS plasma environment is desirable for ISS mission planning and situational awareness when FPMU data is unavailable. Electron densities and temperatures from four ionospheric models (International Reference Ionosphere [IRI], Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics model [CTIPe], Ionospheric Forecast Model [IFM], and Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements model [GAIM]) were compared to in-situ FPMU values across a range of geomagnetic and solar conditions. The climatological and assimilative models (IRI and GAIM) performed the best overall across all conditions, while the pure physics based models (IFM and CTIPe) struggled the most to accurately predict the ISS plasma environment. IRI-2012 and GAIM represent the best candidates for use by NASA as an ISS mission planning tool.
Caractérisation d'un Système Lagunaire en Zone Tropicale: Cas du lac Nokoué (Bénin)

This survey permitted to make hydrological balance of the lake Nokoue and to know quality physico-chemical of the waters of the lake in order to offer the basis elements for a future ecological modeling of the system. The results of hydrological balance show that the average of the flow of the soft waters received by the lake in period of high waters is 216m3/s essentially brought by the Oueme stream, the longest stream of Benin that crosses the country from the north to the south. This value falls to 49m3/s in dry season with 86% of the flow brought by the So river in dry season. In dry season, the So at Ganvie has the most important rate of organic load (53% DBO). For the phosphorus in dry season, the highest rate is gotten at the level of strongest rate is gotten at the level of Oueme stream at Totche (42%). In the period of high waters (from August to October) a dilution effect of the contribution is observed. In term of nutrient loads brought by purification systems, the results obtained are 360kg/j-P and 840 kg/j - N for Cotonou and Calavi and 150 kg/j- P and 700 kg/j-N for Ganvie. The contributions of "Acadjas " give 2,3 - 2,9 kg/j P and 29 - 36 N kg/j. The main results obtained for the physico-chemical for characterization are presented as follows: * a very remarkable saline intrusion in dry season, So at Ganvie the value passes from 0g/L in period of high waters to 2,5g/L in dry season, * the average pH varies between 6,6 and 7,5 for the waters of the bottom and between 6,9 and 7,8 for the waters of surface of the lake. The pH varies very little between the bottom of the lake and its surface, * the values of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are extensively high than the limited values indicated by the system of classification by the Organization of Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD). The waters of the lake are therefore eutropheses. We notice a seasonal evolution of the system. According to the factors of control hyacinths of waters, it is concluded that nutrients control the development of hyacinths when the salinity doesn't inhibit the growth of hyacinths anymore; that means of July to January.
Tissue Doppler Imaging Assessment for left ventricular systolic Tissue Doppler Imaging Assessment for left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in Patients with Different Grades of Liver and diastolic function in Patients with Different Grades of Liver Cirrhosis Cirrhosis

Background : Chronic cardiac disease, known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy dysfunction, in cirrhotic patients is characterized by altered diastolic relaxation and/or impaired contractile reactivity to stress in the absence of other recognized cardiac diseases. Aim and objectives : The purpose of the study was to evaluate tissue Doppler in the left ventricle ' s systolic and diastolic characteristic performance in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients and methods : This cross-sectional case e control study was done at Al-Hussien Hospital, Al-Azhar University. The study included 75 patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 healthy participants, who were divided into four groups: the control group included 25 healthy volunteers, group 1 included patients with Child A liver cirrhosis, and groups 2 and 3 included patients with Child B and Child C cirrhosis. Participants were assessed using transthoracic echocardiography, tissue collection, and left lateral decubitus. We followed ASE ' s Doppler echocardiography guidelines for left ventricular systole function. Results : There was a statistically signi ﬁ cant higher mean value in patient groups compared with the control group regarding myocardial perfusion imaging posterior wall diameter, myocardial perfusion imaging tissue Doppler imaging, mitral valve E/ (cid:1) E ratio, DT (ms), and isovolumic relaxation time (ms). The average values of the EF by Simpson, average S wave, and EF by M mode all differed signi ﬁ cantly. When comparing the case groups with the control group, a signi ﬁ cant difference regarding MV E/A ratio was seen. A P value of 0.05 was used to determine this difference. Conclusion : Compared with the control group, patients with liver cirrhosis exhibited signi ﬁ cantly worse left ventricular systolic and diastolic functioning, and the decompensated patients showed a greater difference than the compensated patients.
Preliminary report on the groundwater isotope study in the Brentwood Region

Under contract with the City of Brentwood and auxiliary support by the East Contra Costa Irrigation District (ECCID), a preliminary research assessment of the groundwater resources beneath the Brentwood region is complete. The research was performed by an isotope geochemistry approach rather than traditional hydrogeological methods. The isotope approach is inexpensive relative to the traditional methods and has been used here mostly as a tracer that details the source, migration paths, and migration rates of existing groundwater supplies. In addition, the isotope results provide a quantitative framework in which to answer questions important to Brentwood including: (1) What is the long-term and short-term sustainability of the groundwater resources relative to current urban growth projections? (2) How can the good water quality be maximized in groundwater wells under short and long-term groundwater use schemes? (3) What underground areas exist within the Brentwood region that indicate untapped groundwater supplies that may provide plentiful, good quality water? This preliminary report focuses only on the first question. The second and third questions will be addressed in the final report to be completed by January 1, 1995. Furthermore, the conclusions in this preliminary report of how much groundwater is available for use will be incorporated into the Groundwater Management Plan currently being developed by the ECCID in conjunction with the City of Brentwood.
The stage on which our ingenious play is performed: Kant’s epistemology of Weltkenntnis

This paper focuses on Kant’s account of physical geography and his theory of the earth. In spelling out the epistemological foundations of Kant’s physical geography, the paper examines 1) their connection to the mode of holding-to-be-true, mathematical construction and empirical certainty and 2) their implications for Kant’s view of cosmopolitan right. Moreover, by showing the role played by the mathematical model of the Earth for the foundations of Kant’s Doctrine of Right, the exact relationship between the latter and physical geography is highlighted. Finally
metaregression analysis

A list of the journals that are reviewed and the criteria for selecting articles from these journals for inclusion in Evidence-Based Nursing are included in each issue. The following articles passed all criteria but were not abstracted because, in the judgment of the editors, their findings were less widely applicable to nursing practice. We will publish this list on an annual basis in the last issue of each year.
Taxes on Severance Pay , Corporate Governance and Golden Handshakes

Cet article propose une explication de l’augmentation de l’utilisation de parachutes dorés en Europe depuis une dizaine d’années. Le recours à des contrats avec indemnités de licenciement est relié à la qualité de la protection des investisseurs minoritaires et à la fiscalité qui s’applique aux indemnités de licenciement. Cet article reprend un cadre dans lequel les asymétries d’informations entre le Président et les actionnaires expliquent l’utilisation de primes de départ. Il montre comment la qualité de la gouvernance d’entreprise et l’imposition peuvent modifier les montants ainsi que l’utilisation des parachutes dorés. La taux d’imposition optimal de ces primes de licenciement dépend de la nature des avantages privés accordés au Président en exercice. Les primes de départ devraient être imposées comme les autres revenus du travail. Cependant, lorsque avantages privés sont non imposables, ils renforcent le coût d’agence. Dans ce cas, l’Etat doit mettre en place un transfert forfaitaire pour les sociétés qui procurent des contrats avec prime de licenciement à leurs p-dg. Ceci revient à l’application d’une exemption partielle. Toute amélioration de la qualité du governement d’entreprise devrait mener à de plus petites primes de départ, à une sensibilité plus élevée des départs des p-dg aux performances des entrerpises et à la disparition des avantages fiscaux pour les primes de départ des p-dg. Mots-clés: rotation des p-dg, gouvernance d’entreprise, parachutes dorés, taxation optimale, indemnités de licenciement JEL Classification: G34, H32, J33, J44
Prevalence and characteristics of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease in a prospective registry

Background Progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD) is characterised by progressive physiological, symptomatic and/or radiographic worsening. The real-world prevalence and characteristics of PF-ILD remain uncertain. Methods Patients were enrolled from the Canadian Registry for Pulmonary Fibrosis between 2015 and 2020. PF-ILD was defined as a relative forced vital capacity (FVC) decline ≥10%, death, lung transplantation or any two of: relative FVC decline ≥5% and <10%, worsening respiratory symptoms or worsening fibrosis on computed tomography of the chest, all within 24 months of diagnosis. Time-to-event analysis compared progression between key diagnostic subgroups. Characteristics associated with progression were determined by multivariable regression. Results Of 2746 patients with fibrotic ILD (mean±sd age 65±12 years; 51% female), 1376 (50%) met PF-ILD criteria in the first 24 months of follow-up. PF-ILD occurred in 427 (59%) patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 125 (58%) with fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), 281 (51%) with unclassifiable ILD (U-ILD) and 402 (45%) with connective tissue disease-associated ILD (CTD-ILD). Compared with IPF, time to progression was similar in patients with HP (hazard ratio (HR) 0.96, 95% CI 0.79–1.17), but was delayed in patients with U-ILD (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.96) and CTD-ILD (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.56–0.74). Background treatment varied across diagnostic subtypes, with 66% of IPF patients receiving antifibrotic therapy, while immunomodulatory therapy was utilised in 49%, 61% and 37% of patients with CHP, CTD-ILD and U-ILD, respectively. Increasing age, male sex, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and lower baseline pulmonary function were independently associated with progression. Conclusions Progression is common in patients with fibrotic ILD, and is similarly prevalent in HP and IPF. Routinely collected variables help identify patients at risk for progression and may guide therapeutic strategies. In the setting of fibrotic ILD, disease progression was observed in 50% of prospectively evaluated patients at 24 months. Highest rates were seen in those with IPF (59%) and HP (58%), followed by U-ILD (51%) and CTD-ILD (45%). https://bit.ly/3v7T9ux
A TORRENTIAL PRECIPITATION EVENT IN THE EASTERN PART OF ROMANIA-A CASE STUDY *

The case study is focused on the flash flood from 5 September 2007, a (235 mm of rain in 12 hours) occurred in the city of Tecuci (eastern Romania), causing fatalities and numerous properties damage. It was generated by a back-building mesoscale convective system developed in an area with strong warm advection at low levels and diffluent southerly flow at upper levels. Analyses of conventional weather station, radar and high resolution visible satellite imagery, together with ALADIN model analysis, are used to describe the synoptic and mesoscale weather patterns associated with the flash flood. Surface analysis and high resolution visible satellite imagery identified a convergence line that acted to focus thunderstorm development in a limited area. Radar reflectivity indicated that rapid cell generation occurred where the convergent line existed, just north of Tecuci. A strong southerly low level jet focused the most active convection over the same area during several hours. The aim of this paper is to identify the different mesoscale processes leading to continuous regeneration of convection in the same area that contributes to the heavy rain accumulation in a short period of time in the small watershed located in the eastern part of Romania.
Is High-intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field Stimulation More Is High-intensity Focused Electromagnetic Field Stimulation More Effective Than Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Treating Stress Effective Than Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in Treating Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women? Urinary Incon

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), an involuntary loss of urine during physical exertion or effort, affects a disproportionately large number of women worldwide. Although pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) is the first-line treatment for urinary incontinence, long term adherence is low, and therefore, is usually not an effective treatment. Medications may be costly and aren’t always effective; surgery is invasive and often not appropriate. This condition warrants further studies to find more effective solutions. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether or not high-intensity focused electromagnetic stimulation (HIFES) is more effective than PFMT in treating stress urinary continence in women. This will be a two-arm, randomized, longitudinal, quantitative clinical trial with women who have SUI. Valid surveys will be used to analyze the severity and frequency of SUI. Two randomized groups will follow either a PFMT therapy or a HIFES therapy over the course of 6 months; analysis via surveys will be performed before therapy, at 3 months, and at the end of therapy (6 months); there will be a follow up analysis at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after therapy was initiated. Four hundred fifty participants will be recruited from gynecologists, health clinics, and support groups within the Bay Area of Northern California for this proposed study.
Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and local habitats in 1 a high-Arctic arthropod community

35 Arthropods respond to climate change by shifting their phenology in the spring and 36 summer seasons. These phenological shifts are rarely uniform, and taxa show distinct 37 variation in the direction and magnitude of phenological responses to climate drivers. 38 To gain insights into the most climate-sensitive taxa and forecast the implications of 39 climate change on community-wide activity and biotic interactions, it is important to 40 understand how the climate affects the timing of activity of different taxa in local sites 41 within a community. Here, we examined the temporal trends of arthropod phenology, 42 and associations between arthropod phenological responses and climate predictors 43 using arthropod monitoring data from five different habitats in high-Arctic Greenland 44 covering a 25-year period. We found that, for most taxa, advanced arthropod 45 phenology was associated with earlier snowmelt, and, to a lesser extent, warmer 46 temperatures. However, the magnitude of advanced activity varied considerably 47 between arthropod taxa and local habitats. Our study also revealed that pollinators 48 were the most climate-sensitive group, with advanced and, in some habitats, 49 shortened seasonal activities. Late active taxa and late snow melting habitats 50 advanced phenology at greater magnitudes than early active taxa and early snow 51 melting habitats. The magnitude of phenological shifts of arthropod taxa was 52 dependent on habitat, highlighting the substantial spatial variation in phenological 53 responses. Overall, our results demonstrate that high-Arctic arthropods are capable 54 of tracking local climate drivers of phenology well, but the phenological responses of 55 arthropod taxa to global climate change are complex, and community-wide trends may 56 mask the variation in direction and magnitude of phenological shifts in different taxa 57 and locally adapted populations. 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
Augmented reality through real-time tracking of video sequences using a panoramic view

We propose a 2D approach for augmented reality (AR) applications where the real scene is modelled as a static panorama. We adapted a sparse tracking method based on homographies to track the orientation and zooming parameters of the camera during a video sequence. AR scenarii (synthetic object insertion, real object or character extraction) can be performed in arbitrary static environments (from wide outdoor scenes to virtually augmented desktops or conference rooms).
giá độc tính và khả năng tăng tín hiệu tương phản ảnh MRI của vật liệu nano từ Fe 3 O 4 @PLA-PEG trên mô hình in vitro

: SPIONs are composed of Fe 3 O 4 or gamma Fe 2 O 3 cores and a biocompatible shell from Dextran, PLA, PEG, Chitosan, or PVA. SPIONs have many important applications in medicine and biology such as cell sorting, drug carrier, magnetic hyperthermia, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aims to check the ability of copolymer PLA-PEG coated Fe 3 O 4 ferromagnetic nanosystems (Fe 3 O 4 @PLA-PEG) produced for MRI application. The results showed that these nanoparticles had non-toxicity on BT-474 and Sarcoma 180 cell lines. Evaluation on T2 imaging mode revealed that Fe 3 O 4 @PLA-PEG nanoparticles were capable of enhancing the MRI image contrast in different conditions, including water, cell lysates solution, and even inside the cells. The report demonstrates that Fe 3 O 4 @PLA-PEG nanoparticles have a high potential application in MRI for clinical diagnosis.
Thin Markets and Innovative SMEs: the Demand and Supply of Bank Funding in UK Peripheral Regions By Neil Lee and Ross Brown

This paper considers geographical variations in the demand and supply of bank finance for innovative firms in the UK. It uses a detailed survey on the finances of almost 40,000 UK Small and Medium Sized Enterprises for 2011-2013 to investigate both the extent and type of finance for innovative firms in peripheral regions, whether funders accept their applications and whether acceptance rates reflect objective criteria, such as credit scores, or their location. The paper finds evidence of higher demand for bank finance for innovative firms in peripheral areas, but that these firms are also more likely to be discouraged from applying. However, there is strong evidence that innovative firms in peripheral regions are more likely to have their applications for finance rejected, even when controlling for factors such as credit score. These findings suggest that geography does matter in the financing of innovative firms. WP No 15-011 4th Quarter 2015
In-Orbit Spacecraft Inertia, Attitude, and Orbit Estimation Based on Measurements of Magnetometer, Gyro, Star Sensor and GPS Through Extended Kalman Filter

Spacecraft may exhibit changes of its moments and products of inertia in-orbit due to several reasons. In this case, knowledge of spacecraft moments and products of inertia represents an utmost importance for the spacecraft attitude and orbit control system (AOCS). The contribution of the current research article is to estimate in-orbit spacecraft moments and products of inertia based on measurements of magnetometer, gyro, star sensor, and GPS through extended Kalman filter without test slews while being able to estimate attitude and orbital states at the same time. The proposed solution is also able to converge despite large initial estimation errors.