Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of turbulent single-phase heat transfer and onset of nucleate boiling in high aspect ratio mini-channels to support the MITR LEU conversion/

Heat transfer in high aspect ratio mini-channels has important applications for materials test reactors using plate-type fuel. These fuel plates typically possess coolant channels with hydraulic diameters on the order of 4 mm or less. The single and two-phase heat transfer in such channels has not been well-characterized, especially in regard to the onset of nucleate boiling. While surface effects are known to dramatically influence the incipience of boiling, they have not been widely considered under forced convection. Since the limiting safety system setting for the MITR is the onset of nucleate boiling, there is considerable interest in better characterizing the phenomenon in such channels. This study presents a first-of-a-kind, two-phase flow facility designed to measure the singlephase heat transfer coefficient and onset of nucleate boiling in a high aspect ratio mini-channel over a wide range of flow conditions while also permitting high speed visualization of the entire surface. The single-phase heat transfer coefficient is measured for mass fluxes ranging from 750 kg/m2-sec up to 6000 kg/m2-sec and for subcoolings ranging from 20 °C to 70 °C. The onset of nucleate boiling superheat and heat flux are measured for mass fluxes ranging from 750 kg/m2sec to 3000 kg/m2-sec and for subcoolings ranging from 10 °C to 45 °C. Measurements are supported with high speed videography to visualize bubble incipience when conditions permit. The influence of surface wettability on the incipience point is also investigated by performing tests on a surface oxidized at high temperature in air. Using a boundary layer analysis along with experimental data obtained in the study, a semianalytical correlation is developed to predict the single-phase heat transfer coefficient in high aspect ratio rectangular channels. The correlation accounts for effects from secondary flows and heating asymmetry, and is suitable for both the transition and fully turbulent flow regimes. The new correlation predicts the Nusselt number with a mean absolute error of 4.9% in the range of 2.2<Pr<5.5 and 4000<Re<70,000. The onset of nucleate boiling heat flux on the reference surface is adequately predicted with the correlation of Bergles and Rohsenow, as long as the appropriate single-phase heat transfer prediction is used. However, the oxidized surface displays a modest increase in the incipient heat flux due to the improved wettability. This effect is not captured in the correlation of Bergles and Rohsenow, but is accounted for in other correlations such as that of Davis and Anderson.
Manufacturing yogurt and fermented milks.

Contributors. Preface. Part I Basic Background. 1. History and Consumption Trends. (Ramesh C. Chandan). 2. Milk Composition Physical and Processing Characteristics. (Ramesh C. Chandan). 3. Regulatory Requirements for Milk Production, Transportation, and Processing. (Cary P. Frye). 4. Regulations for Product Standards and Labeling. (Cary P. Frye). 5. Basic Dairy Processing Principles. (Arun Kilara). 6. Starter Cultures for Yogurt and Fermented Milks. (Ebenezer R. Vedamuthu). 7. Laboratory Analysis of Fermented Milks. (Robet T. Marshall). 8. Fermented Dairy Packaging Materials. (Aaron L. Brody). Part II Manufacturing of Yogurt. 9. Yogurt: Fruit Preparations and Flavoring Materials. (Kevin R. O'Reill and Ramesh C. Chandan). 10. Milk and Milk-Based Dairy Ingredients. (Isabelle Sodini and Phillip S. Tong). 11. Ingredients for Yogurt Manufacture. (Ramesh C. Chandan and Kevin R. O'Rell). 12. Principles of Yogurt Processing. (Ramesh C. Chandan and Kevin R. O'Rell). 13. Manufacture of Various Types of Yogurt. (Ramesh C. Chandan and Kevin R. O'Rell). 14. Plant Cleaning and Sanitizing. ( Dennis Bogart). 15. Yogurt Plant: Quality Assurance. (Ramesh C. Chandan and Kevin R. O'Rell). 16. Sensory Analysis of Yogurt. (Yonca Karagul-Yuceer and MaryAnne Drake). Part III Manufacture of Fermented Milks. 17. Cultured Buttermilk. (Charles H. White). 18. Cultured/Sour Cream. (Bill Born). 19. Other Fermented and Culture-Containing Milks. (Ebenezer R. Vedamuthu). Part IV Health Benefits. 20. Functional Foods and Disease Prevention. (Ramesh C. Chandan and Kevin R. O'Rell). 21. Health Benefits of Yogurt and Fermented Milks. (Nagendra P. Shah). 22. Probiotics and Fermented Milks. Nagendra P. Shah). Index.
ÖĞRETİMDE PLANLAMA VE DEĞERLENDİRME DERSİ

The purpose of this study is to evaluate âEducation Planning and Evaluationâ course taught in spring term of second year, put into practice in teacher training institutions in 1998-1999 education year. Therefore, studentsâ notions are gathered via a questionnaire and the instructorsâ notions are gathered via interview. The subjects of the questionnaire and the interview are the level of studentsâ realizing the objectives of the course, course content, semester of the course, arranging a single or distinct courses, course environments, measurement and evaluation . The collected data were analyzed by means of mean, frequency and descriptive analysis method. The results of the study show that the students have not reached the predetermined objectives of the course. Moreover, according to instructors and students, the course is too comprehensive, time is insufficient and the course should be taught in more semesters under the names of different courses, Suggestions are revealed with regard to findings of the study.
Car driving at the limit by adaptive linear optimal preview control

The paper is concerned with modelling car drivers. The context of the work presented is explained. Then, previous research on the application of optimal linear preview control theory to driving road vehicles with only modest excursions from a straight-running equilibrium state is extended into the general large-lateral-motion arena. Optimal controls are found for steady-cornering trim states of an exemplary car at a given speed as a function of cornering effort, up to the practical limit. The manner in which the optimal controls change as the cornering vigour changes is discussed. Simulations of the virtual driver-controlled car are shown to demonstrate the closed-loop system following lateral path demands and the advantages of employing gain-scheduled adaptive control over a fixed-control scheme are demonstrated.
Optimal harmonic reduction in AC/AC chopper converters

An optimal control strategy for selecting firing and commutation angles in pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) AC-AC chopper-type, single-phase converters is proposed. The method minimizes output-voltage harmonic distortion through numerical techniques, and can also simultaneously eliminate certain chosen harmonics. Best results are obtained when no harmonics are completely eliminated, but instead are allowed to have small residual values. The method yields lower weighted harmonic distortion than the harmonic elimination techniques. Freeing the solution from the usual constraint of quarter-wave symmetry results in even lower harmonic distortion. <<ETX>>
Closely and Grossly: ESX-1 Mediated Membrane Disruption

Closely and Grossly: ESX-1 Mediated Membrane Disruption Morwan Osman Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Lalita Ramakrishnan Department of Medicine Department of Immunology Department of Microbiology Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB), is an obligate human pathogen. Its ability to survive and spread is dependent upon its ability to survive within human hosts. The RD1 locus, which contains the Type VII ESX-1 secretion system, mediates this subversion at multiple stages in both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium marinum. Mutants in this locus are defective for an array of virulence phenotypes, including intramacrophage growth, phagosomal permeabilization, and granuloma formation. These phenotypes have been proposed to be all dependent upon the membrane permeabilizing activity of the ESX-1 system, with the secreted substrate ESAT-6 acting as a pore forming toxin. Using Mycobacterium marinum as a model for Mtb, we found that we could measure ESX-1 mediated membrane disruption in vitro using a hemolysis assay. We demonstrate that membrane permeabilization requires ESX-1 secretion, but that this membrane permeabilization is absolutely contact-dependent. Analysis of lysed membranes via TEM shows that the manner in which Mm causes gross disruptions in host membranes, as opposed to the structured pores that are usually observed with pore forming toxins. We find that the pore forming activity previously ascribed to ESAT-6 is solely due to the presence of the hemolytic detergent ASB-14, to the extent that ESAT-6 preparations that are totally digested retain hemolytic activity. While we do confirm that ESAT-6 is capable of lysing liposomes in
Systems thinking and thinking systems

A workpiece-supporting arbor having a body with circumferentially spaced inclined pins the outer ends of which are engageable with the workpiece. A disc-shaped pin actuator connected to a draw-bar has slots through which the pins extend, the pins having shoulders engageable by this actuator during operation. The pins are removable from the front of the body by application of a tool such as a screwdriver and rotation of the pins. Locating surfaces on the pins permit proper re-insertion, the surfaces being so shaped as to permit pin adjustment for workpiece irregularities. The pins have sufficient cross-sectional area in the portions straddled by the actuator slots to provide ample tensile strength during operation.
Technique for simulating the steady-state response of power electronic converters

A technique for directly simulating the steady-state response of power electronic converters has been proposed. It is based on the representation of circuit elements by impedance or admittance matrices for periodic waveforms. A Newton–Raphson procedure is then used to solve the non-linear circuit equations. Detailed semiconducting device models may be easily included in the computations. The responses of typical power electronic converters have been computed and their waveforms have been presented. The technique is able to simulate non-autonomous and autonomous circuits.
Linear least-squares smoothing and prediction, with applications

This paper describes the calculation of smoothing and prediction operators of the linear least-squares sort using techniques derived from a circuit theory point of view. The techniques are developed explicitly for time series which are continuous and statistically stationary. Other situations are explored more briefly, however, in which the time series are either discrete or statistically nonstationary. For the most part, functions of time are replaced by functions of frequency, representing their transforms. Mathematical complications are avoided by restricting statistical ensembles to those which have rational power spectra. In practice, actual spectra can be approximated sufficiently well by rational spectra, and the simplified methods are sufficiently general for engineering applications of many different sorts. Both finite and semi-infinite smoothing intervals are permitted, with or without constraints of various sorts. The assumption of rational spectra does not apply directly to nonstationary time series, but it may be replaced by a closely analogous restriction which does apply. Then there are nonstationary operations which are closely analogous to the stationary operations, developed for stationary systems. A brief examination of these analogies is of interest, even though the nonstationary operations are usually too complicated for engineering purposes. The general techniques are developed in terms of specific problems, chosen for purposes of exposition and because of their engineering interest.
Genital chlamydia trachomatis infection: an underestimated sexually transmitted disease in China

Background Genital chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease globally. The diagnosis and reporting of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection mainly rely on effective laboratory testing available. The prevalence of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection in China may be largely underestimated, based on the reported data. Methods A survey was conducted among hospitals provided clinical services for STD in Shandong Province in 2018. Basic information on the hospitals, type of laboratory tests provided and cases reported of GCTI were collected and analysed in SPSS 22. Results Among 456 hospitals surveyed, antigen testing, PCR testing, and either antigen or PCR testing were available among 200 (43.9%), 88 (19.3%) and 268 (58.8%) hospitals, respectively. PCR testing was more available among tertiary and secondary hospitals than primary hospitals (X 2 =28.560, P=0.000). Significant differences were observed in the availability of antigen testing, PCR testing, and either antigen or PCR testing among different type of hospitals (X 2 =15.708, P=0.003; X 2 =22.494, P=0.000; X 2 =21.729, P=0.000). In 2018, a total of 1532 cases of GCTI were reported in 99 hospitals. More cases were reported by tertiary and secondary hospitals than primary hospitals (X 2 =24.082, P=0.000). The proportion of different kind of hospitals that reported case of GCTI cases was consistent with that of hospitals provided laboratory testing for GCTI. Conclusion The availability of laboratory testing for GCTI in Shandong province was poor, which may lead to underestimation of prevalence of GCTI. More effort needs to improve the availability of GCTI laboratory testing in order to effectively control of GCTI in Shandong province.
Control strategies for a verticalized rehabilitation robot

Caring and rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries have greatly evolved during the twentieth century. Unfortunately standard training still heavily relies on manual mobilization of the patient. Which not only results in short training periods, but also prevents the patient's muscles from contracting, if voluntary control is lost. In order to cope with these issues the Fondation Suisse pour les Cybertheses (FSC) in collaboration with the Laboratoire de Systemes Robotiques (LSRO) from EPFL initiated a three step reeducation project. The main idea is the combination of motorized orthoses and closed loop muscle stimulation in order to enable an active participation of the patient, with a smart muscle control. The three complementary projects are: MotionMaker: stationary device with hip, knee and ankle mobilization combined to muscle stimulation. WalkTrainer: mobile device for true overground deambulation, with leg and pelvis orthoses, active body weight support and muscle stimulation. WalkMaker: lightweight orthosis with muscle stimulation, for enhanced autonomy. This work focuses on the control of the WalkTrainer, both of the motors and the muscle stimulation. First optimal trajectory generation is discussed. For the pelvis a three step strategy is presented. That consists of measuring motions on valid subjects with different parameters, identifying the corresponding model that can then be incorporated in the trajectory generator of the WalkTrainer. Of course the same work could be undertaken for any motion, such as the ones applied to the legs or trunk. Second, a novel off line EMG based muscle model and closed loop stimulation algorithm were developed. The trajectory generation and the muscle stimulation were then combined to obtain a novel, third generation, rehabilitation strategy. That optimizes the afferent feedback of the subject, while allowing an active participation of his musculature. That strategy was successfully tested on 6 paraplegic subjects at the beginning of 2008.
Methodology for optimizing cost of ownership

A design of experiments methodology was used to evaluate seven different types of gate stack cluster tool configurations and their associated economic performance. SEMATECH's Cost of Ownership, Cost/Resource, Generic Dual, and Batch Cluster Tool Models plus ManSim and RS/1 were used. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to predict and optimize the tool's configuration and economic performance parameters against three independent factory strategies. These strategies were: minimize cost per chip, minimize process cycle time, and increase capital utilization and flexibility. As expected, the single wafer tool configurations produced the lowest process step cycle times. Results also indicate that for a single wafer processing tool (at a cost of $1.2 M) to be economically viable (in terms of COO) as an alterative to the conventional approach, process times (per wafer, per chamber) of less than five minutes must be achieved. The batch cluster tool configuration with one pre-clean, gate oxide and poly chamber each was the best method to increase capital utilization and flexibility. This methodology can be applied to any process tool evaluation and can prove useful in designing and improving the tools's performance in order to meet factory goals.
Investigation of humid air physical properties influence on the heat and mass transfer processes calculation accuracy

Humid air is a mixture of dry air and water vapor and is widely used in various power and technical devices. Most theoretical studies of the properties of humid air are based on Mendeleev-Clapeyron ideal gas equa-tion, which doesn’t take into account the association, intermolecular interaction, and particularities of the thermodynamic behavior of humid air as a mixture of gases. The use of this equation leads to inaccuracy in determining the parameters of the state of humid air, which can reach up to 55 %. Therefore, the issues con-cerning the actual properties of humid air determining remain poorly understood. The ideal gas model is based on Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation. To study the actual parameters of the humid air state and its properties, Vukalovich-Novikov’s and Molie’s real gas state equations have been used.Several equations of the state of real gas, taking into account the interaction of water vapor molecules have been considered. The actual physical properties of humid air are determined, and their influence on the coupled heat and mass transfer processes for various conditions is evaluated. The actual values of the thermophysical properties of humid air have been derived. The thermodynamic limits for humid air have been determined using Mendeleev-Clapeyron’s, Vukalovich-Novikov’s and Molie’s state equations. It has been proved Vukalovich-Novikov’s state equation to be the best to represent the quantitative relations between the pressure, specific volume, and the temperature of saturated water vapor. Its application reduces the error of calculations by 39–50 %. The results obtained allow to improve the accuracy of calculating heat and mass transfer when designing contact heat exchangers, convective drying units and hygroscopic desalination plants, compression processes with water or water vapor injection, as well as the processes of mixing flue gases with water vapor in the combustion chambers of gas-steam installations.
Enhanced Diagnostic Accuracy Of Mammograms On A Mobile Device

Padmanabhan, Sharanya. M.S., Purdue University, May 2013. Enhanced diagnostic accuracy of mammograms on a mobile device. Major Professor: Rajeswari Sundararajan. With the death of a woman every 13 minutes in the US, and one every minute worldwide, due to breast cancer, the need for early detection cannot be overstated. Mammography is a boon for both early detection and screening of breast tumors. It is an imaging system that uses low dose (9mrem) x-rays for examining the breasts, by the electrons reflected from the tissues (thermoelectric effect). However, there are 20% false positives and 10% false negatives in current practice. Hence, there is a critical need for enhancing the accuracy of these mammograms. Towards this, this thesis was aimed at enhancing the current diagnostic accuracy of digital mammograms using the industry standard simulation software tool, MATLAB. For this purpose, the publicly available dataset MIAS was used. Image processing techniques, such as wavelet, statistical and feature analysis and pattern recognition algorithms, such as Bayes’, Naive Bayes’, knearest neighbor (kNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were utilized to enhance the diagnostic accuracy. The results indicated up to 95% accuracy, compared to 70% at present. The proposed solution has proven to be an effective way of detecting breast cancer early in different types of breast tissues. The entire solution is implemented as a smartphone application to serve as a second opinion for clinical use.
Performance of Cascade and Parallel IIR Filters

There are three basic second-order-section (SOS) structures for infinite impulse response (IIR) filters in DSP applications, form I, form II, and transposed form I. To determine which structure creates the best performance in terms of quantization noise level, instruction cycles, and memory locations, noise models for these three structures are presented. The structures can be combined in cascade or in parallel to implement more complicated filters. Noise models for cascade and parallel form connection are discussed. In order to obtain high signal-to-noise ratios on the filter output, a general filter structure with double precision internal states is designed to achieve more than 96-dB signal-to-noise ratio. Real tests were performed, and test results show that the form I structure is the best second-order section, and the parallel form connection for high-order IIR filters is superior to the cascade form.
The German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) - Evolution, Scope and Enhancements

After the introduction in Section 2, we very briefly sketch out current theoretical and empirical developments in the social sciences. In our view, they all point in the same direction: toward the acute and increasing need for multidisciplinary longitudinal data covering a wide range of living conditions and based on a multitude of variables from the social sciences for both theoretical investigation and the evaluation of policy measures. Cohort and panel studies are therefore called upon to become truly interdisciplinary tools. In Section 3, we describe the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP), in which we discuss recent improvements of that study which approach this ideal and point out existing shortcomings. Section 4 concludes with a discussion of potential future issues and developments for SOEP and other household panel studies.
THE IMPACT OF PTSD AND HISTORY OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM ON MEDICATION TREATMENT SUCCESS IN OPIOID USE DISORDER

Part of the Behavioral Disciplines and Activities Commons, Counseling Psychology Commons, Criminology Commons, Medicine and Health Commons, Mental Disorders Commons, Other Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons, Psychiatric and Mental Health Commons, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Commons, Public Health and Community Nursing Commons, Substance Abuse and Addiction Commons, and the Women's Health Commons
An Exploratory Investigation of Requisite Skills Needed by Developers of E-Commerce Systems

The aim of this exploratory study is to identify the skills needed by developers of Electronic Commerce (e-Commerce) systems. The paper proposes a framework pertaining to three categories of e-Commerce development knowledge: technical, human, and organizational. The initial findings reveal that there are some 16 possible e-Commerce skills tapping the three areas of e-Commerce knowledge. The results also reveal that there are similarities and differences among the perceptions of Information Technology managers and researchers with regard to (1) the relative usefulness of the 16 skills, and (2) the extent to which new graduates of Information Technology programs are equipped with these skills. Includes four tables.