Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speleothems and mountain uplift

Ancient speleothems were recovered from caves that today are situated in a high-alpine cirque landscape at 2500 m altitude at the northern rim of the European Alps. U-Pb ages date speleothem deposition to the early Quaternary (between 2.16 and 2.12 Ma and ca. 2.00 Ma), i.e., well before the onset of major alpine and Northern Hemisphere glaciations. Using a stable isotope–based modeling approach, we quantitatively estimate the paleoelevation of both the caves and their former catchment area, which in turn allows us to calculate rates of rock and surface uplift (and hence erosion) since 2 Ma. We show that for the frontal part of the Alps, rates of rock uplift and erosion were ∼0.75 and ∼0.5 mm/yr, respectively, and further suggest that isostatic uplift of mountain peaks of as much as ∼500 m in response to enhanced glacial erosion occurred during the Quaternary. This study highlights the potential of U-Pb-dated speleothems for reconstructing paleoaltimetry, particularly in calcareous mountain ranges, where a standard thermochronologic assessment of exhumation and erosion is generally not feasible.
Outcome and Future Perspectives of Pioneering Integrative Medicine Education in Taibah University : Ten Years ' Experience in Saudi Arabia Medical Schools ( A Medical Education Article )

Background: Patients prefer treatments that are safe, curative and cheap. Integrative medicine (IM) gathers the best of modern medicine and other types of human medicine e.g. prophetic medicine and others. College of Medicine at Taibah University (CMTU, Saudi Arabia) is the first pioneering medical school in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East in introducing IM education. Patients' needs to IM increase in case of treatment failure e.g. cancer patients who can't afford chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unfortunately, lack of teaching IM at medical schools deprives both physicians and patients from many therapeutic benefits e.g. Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine), nigella sativa and others depriving. Objectives: to investigate medical students' satisfaction with IM medical education for better health benefits. Design: A prospective cross-sectional study. Settings: College of Medicine at Taibah University (CMTU, Saudi Arabia). Subjects and Methods: CMTU introduced IM education in its medical curriculum to enhance patients and physicians medical knowledge. Taking ethical committee approval and agreements of participating students, this study was done in CMTU over the past ten years (2007-2016). 650 students (out of 1000 students) shared in the study questionnaire. Sample size: 650 medical students. Main Outcome Measures: Vast majority of the investigated students (611/650, 94%) were satisfied with IM course. RESULTS: 320 students (49%) considered the IM course to be excellent to very good for both physicians and patients' medical knowledge. 93.8% (610/650) gave a positive evaluation. 55% (360/650) evaluated the course knowledge as good to very good for benefiting patients in the future. 47% (305/650) liked to take IM as a future minor while 38% (247/650) of the investigated students already decided their future IM subspecialties. 91% (591/650) accepted Arabic language (student' mother tongue) to be the main language of studying IM. Conclusion: Teaching IM at CMTU is promising, welcomed by medical students, expected to gain better patients preference and should be generalized in other Saudi and international medical schools.
Sputum IL-6 concentrations in severe asthma and its relationship with FEV1

As asthma becomes more severe it adopts additional characteristics including corticosteroid refractoriness and a neutrophil-predominant inflammatory response implicating Th1 or Th17 responses involving cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. We have examined the role of IL-6 and IL-8 in severe asthma. Subjects with severe asthma (GINA stage IV) who were exacerbation-free for ≥4 weeks with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) >30% but <80% predicted were studied from the baseline parameters of a clinical trial.1 Cell counts and cytokines were measured in induced sputum (see online supplement for Methods). Eighteen subjects (9M, 9F) with severe asthma (mean±SD age 43.4±11.4 years (1SD), FEV1 59±14% predicted) were studied (see table 1 in online appendix). The median (IQR) levels of sputum IL-8, IL-6, neutrophils (%), macrophages (%) and eosinophils (%) were 1853.8 pg/ml (1376.8–2537.7), 70.0 pg/ml (28.55–127.5), 32.5% (24.1–42.6), 46.8% (39.8–54.8) and 4.4% (3.2–9.4), respectively. We observed significant negative correlations between FEV1 …
Geometric Realization of the Segal–sugawara Construction

We apply the technique of localization for vertex algebras to the SegalSugawara construction of an “internal” action of the Virasoro algebra on affine KacMoody algebras. The result is a lifting of twisted differential operators from the moduli of curves to the moduli of curves with bundles, with arbitrary decorations and complex twistings. This construction gives a uniform approach to a collection of phenomena describing the geometry of the moduli spaces of bundles over varying curves: the KZB equations and heat kernels on non-abelian theta functions, their critical level limit giving the quadratic parts of the Beilinson-Drinfeld quantization of the Hitchin system, and their infinite level limit giving a Hamiltonian description of the isomonodromy equations.
Mitochondria act as reservoir for the basic amine HIPDM in the lung

: The lungs are a site for the uptake, accumulation, and storage of exogenous basic amines. The compound N-N-N ’’ -trimethyl-N ’’ -(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-iodobenzyl)-1,3 propanediamine (HIPDM) is a basic amine that can be labelled with radioactive iodine and detected by external counting. Intravenously injected 123 I-HIPDM is extracted by the human lung, where it is retained in a slowly efflux-able pool. In the present study, we measured HIPDM lung kinetics and subcellular distribution in rabbits given i.v. 125 I-HIPDM. Rabbits were killed from 2 min to 5 h after injection, and the radioactivity retained in their lungs was measured. Subcellular lung fractions (nuclear, mitochondrial, lysosomal, microsomal, and postmicroso-mal supernatant) were assayed for HIPDM radioactivity, protein content, and distribution of specific marker enzymes.
Development of a Library of Simulants to Support the Exploration of Primitive Bodies

An increasing number of activities require access to dedicated simulants to support the exploration of small bodies in the frame of the Human exploration program and the planetary science decadal survey 2013-2022. These activities include instrument design and testing, mission planning, sample curation, experimental research, etc. Targets of interest include comets, near Earth objects, Mars moons, and asteroids. We are working toward the development of a library of standard simulants that could support a variety of engineering and scientific needs. In this presentation we review the state of knowledge of small body materials and devise strategies for synthesizing low- and high-fidelity simulants. The production of high-fidelity simulants, especially of ice- and organic-rich materials, is challenging and requires dedicated facilities. This calls for a collaborative effort among relevant experimental facilities. We are planning to reach out to the community and get a better understanding of the high-priority needs that will help focus our efforts and identify potential collaborators.
GROUND CONDITION EFFECTS ON DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE 1995 DINAR EARTHQUAKE IN WESTERN TURKEY

فوس لأا رثأ ثحبلا اذه يف يصقتسن ةيضر ) ةيتحتلا ةينبلا ( يذلا رانيد لازلزل ةيكيمانيدلا ةباجتسلاا ىلع خيراتب ايآرت برغ انيد ةقطنم برض 1 ربوتآأ 1995 م ، هتوق تناآو 6.2=Mw . ةصاخب ضرعنسو ةنورملا نرملا كولسلاو ةيطخلا – هرركم ةيكيمانيد لامحلأ ةضرعم ةيقفأ ةيضرأ ةقبطل يكيتسلابلا . دقو انمدختسا بولسأ ةيدجلا رصانعلا ) FEM ( ليلحتلا يف . رصانع اهنأ ىلع ةيضرلأا تاقبطلا ةجذمن تمت امآ ةيطخ ) ةيعطق ( دحاو هاجتا تاذ . و جذومنأ انمدختسا ا تحت ةبرتلل راودلا كولسلا ةاآاحمل ةبرتلل ئفاكملا عطقلا يف هرركم لامحأ ريثأت . ضرعو ن ا او يطخلا نرملا كولسلل ةيمقرلا لولحلا ل رملا كولس ن – مادختساب يكيتسلابلا نمزلا عم يعطقلا داهجلإاو ةحازلإا يف ريغتلا . مادختساب لازلزلا ىلع ةبرتلل مخضملا رثلأا ةساردب انمق امآ جمانرب SHAKE91 .
1419 Involvement of the TCR C (cid:2) FG Loop in Thymic Selection and T Cell

02115 Abstract The asymmetric disposition of T cell receptor (TCR) C (cid:2) and C (cid:3) ectodomains creates a cavity with a side-wall formed by the rigid C (cid:2) FG loop. To investigate the significance of this conserved structure, we generated loop deletion ( (cid:2)(cid:4) FG) and (cid:2) wt transgenic (tg) mice using the TCR (cid:2) subunit of the N15 CTL. N15 (cid:2) wt and N15 (cid:2)(cid:4) FG H-2 b animals have comparable numbers of thymocytes in S phase and manifest developmental progression through the CD4 (cid:5) CD8 (cid:5) double-negative (DN) compartment. N15 (cid:2)(cid:4) FG facilitates transition from DN to CD4 (cid:6) 8 (cid:6) double-positive (DP) thymocytes in recombinase activating gene (RAG)-2 (cid:5) / (cid:5) mice, showing that pre-TCR function remains. N15 (cid:2)(cid:4) FG animals possess (cid:2) twofold more CD8 (cid:6) single-positive (SP) thymocytes and lymph node T cells, consistent with enhanced positive selection. As an altered V (cid:3) repertoire observed in N15 (cid:2)(cid:4) FG mice may confound the deletion’s effect, we crossed N15 (cid:3)(cid:2) TCR tg RAG-2 (cid:5) / (cid:5) with N15 (cid:2)(cid:4) FG tg RAG-2 (cid:5) / (cid:5) H-2 b mice to generate N15 (cid:3)(cid:2) RAG-2 (cid:5) / (cid:5) and N15 (cid:3)(cid:2) . (cid:2)(cid:4) FG RAG-2 (cid:5) / (cid:5) littermates. N15 (cid:3)(cid:2) . (cid:2)(cid:4) FG RAG-2 (cid:5) / (cid:5) mice show an 8–10-fold increase in DP thymocytes due to reduced negative selection, as evidenced by diminished constitutive and cognate peptide-induced apoptosis. Compared with N15 (cid:3)(cid:2) , N15 (cid:3)(cid:2) . (cid:2)(cid:4) FG T cells respond poorly to cognate antigens and weak agonists. Thus, the C (cid:2) FG loop facilitates negative selection of thymocytes and activation of T
An adaptive gaze stabilisation controller inspired by the vestibulo-ocular reflex

The vestibulo-ocular reflex stabilises vision in many vertebrates. It integrates inertial and visual information to drive the eyes in the opposite direction to head movement and therefore stabilises the image on the retina. Its adaptive nature guarantees stable vision even when the biological system undergoes dynamic changes (due to disease, growth or fatigue etc.), a characteristic especially desirable in autonomous robotic systems. Based on novel, biological plausible neurological models, we have developed a robotic testbed to qualitatively evaluate the performance of these algorithms. We show how the adaptive controller can adapt to a time varying plant and elaborate how this biologically inspired control architecture can be employed in general engineering applications where sensory feedback is very noisy and/or delayed. An adaptive gaze stabilisation controller inspired by the vestibulo-ocular reflex 2
The Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in Hispanic Immigrant The Prevalence of Postpartum Depression in Hispanic Immigrant Women Women

The Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression among Hispanic immigrant women seeking healthcare services at a community health clinic. Data Sources: Hispanic immigrant women were recruited. Out of 116 study participants, 96 women were in the final sample. Using the Beck PDSS - Spanish version, women were screened for symptoms of postpartum depression. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of significant symptoms of PPD was 54.2% for the entire sample of 96 women. Nearly 66% of women who screened positive for symptoms of PPD scored above the listed cutoff score for suicidal thoughts. Women were divided into four postpartum age groups from 2 to 48 weeks; prevalence rates of symptoms of PPD ranged from 50% to 60.9% among the different groups. There were no statistically significant demographic predictors for PPD.
Maximum magnitude earthquakes induced by fluid injection

Analysis of numerous case histories of earthquake sequences induced by fluid injection at depth reveals that the maximum magnitude appears to be limited according to the total volume of fluid injected. Similarly, the maximum seismic moment seems to have an upper bound proportional to the total volume of injected fluid. Activities involving fluid injection include (1) hydraulic fracturing of shale formations or coal seams to extract gas and oil, (2) disposal of wastewater from these gas and oil activities by injection into deep aquifers, and (3) the development of enhanced geothermal systems by injecting water into hot, low‐permeability rock. Of these three operations, wastewater disposal is observed to be associated with the largest earthquakes, with maximum magnitudes sometimes exceeding 5. To estimate the maximum earthquake that could be induced by a given fluid injection project, the rock mass is assumed to be fully saturated, brittle, to respond to injection with a sequence of earthquakes localized to the region weakened by the pore pressure increase of the injection operation and to have a Gutenberg‐Richter magnitude distribution with a b value of 1. If these assumptions correctly describe the circumstances of the largest earthquake, then the maximum seismic moment is limited to the volume of injected liquid times the modulus of rigidity. Observations from the available case histories of earthquakes induced by fluid injection are consistent with this bound on seismic moment. In view of the uncertainties in this analysis, however, this should not be regarded as an absolute physical limit.
Central role of (cid:2) 7 nicotinic receptor in differentiation of the stratiﬁed squamous epithelium

everal ganglionic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) types are abundantly expressed in nonneuronal locations, but their functions remain unknown. We found that keratinocyte (cid:2) 7 nAChR controls homeostasis and terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes required for formation of the skin barrier. The effects of functional inactivation of (cid:2) 7 nAChR on keratinocyte cell cycle progression, differentiation, and apoptosis were studied in cell monolayers treated with (cid:2) -bungarotoxin or antisense oligonucleotides and in the skin of Acra7 homozygous mice lacking (cid:2) 7 nAChR channels. Elimination of the (cid:2) 7 signaling pathway blocked nicotine-induced inﬂux of 45 Ca 2 (cid:3) and also inhibited terminal differentiation of these cells at the transcriptional and/or translational level. On the other hand, inhibition of the (cid:2) 7 nAChR pathway favored cell cycle progression. In the epidermis of (cid:2) 7 (cid:4) / (cid:4) mice, the abnormalities in keratinocyte gene expression were associated with phenotypic changes characteristic of delayed epidermal turnover. The lack of (cid:2) 7 was associated with up-regulated expression of the (cid:2) 3 containing nAChR channels that lack (cid:2) 5 subunit, and both homomeric (cid:2) 9- and heteromeric (cid:2) 9 (cid:2) 10-made nAChRs. Thus, this study demonstrates that ACh signaling through (cid:2) 7 nAChR channels controls late stages of keratinocyte development in the epidermis by regulating expression of the cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation genes and that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by alterations in transmembrane Ca 2 (cid:3) inﬂux.
Golem and resistance exercise metabolism in obese women after either endurance or Postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid

[PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January 1, 2014; 116 (1): 67-75. J Appl Physiol Eric C. Freese, Nicholas H. Gist and Kirk J. Cureton Effect of prior exercise on postprandial lipemia: an updated quantitative review [PDF] [Full Text] [Abstract] , January 1, 2014; 116 (1): 95-103. J Appl Physiol Gregory C. Henderson and Brandon L. Alderman Determinants of resting lipid oxidation in response to a prior bout of endurance exercise
Pore Network Modelling of Surface Heterogeneity in Brine-Filled Porous Media for Carbon Sequestration

Trapping of carbon in deep underground brine-filled reservoirs is a promising approach for the reduction of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions. However, estimation of the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that can be captured in a reservoir remains a challenge. One difficulty lies in the estimation of local capillary pressure effects that arise from mineral surface heterogeneity inherent in underground geological formations. As a preliminary step to address this issue, we present a series of pore network modeling (PNM) simulations of two-phase immiscible flow in 3D structured porous media with contact angle heterogeneity. We present saturation patterns for networks with homogeneous and heterogeneous wettability under typical reservoir conditions, taking into account varying contact angles for CO2 on mica and quartz at supercritical conditions. At lower flow rates, our preliminary results showed higher saturations for the heterogeneous networks than for the homogeneous ones. To characterize the fingering patterns, we have introduced R as the ratio of filled throats to the total network saturation. Based on this measure, the heterogeneous networks demonstrated thicker fingering patterns than the homogeneous networks. These preliminary results highlight the importance of micro-scale surface heterogeneity for the modeling of carbon storage processes.
From Fatalism to Mitigation: a Conceptual From Fatalism to Mitigation: a Conceptual Framework for Mitigating Fetal Programming of Framework for Mitigating Fetal Programming of Chronic Disease by Maternal Obesity Chronic Disease by Maternal Obesity

Prenatal development is recognized as a critical period in the etiology of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Potential strategies to reduce maternal obesity-induced risk later in life have been largely overlooked. In this paper, we first propose a conceptual framework for the role of public health and preventive medicine in mitigating the effects of fetal programming. Second, we review a small but growing body of research (through August 2015) that examines interactive effects of maternal obesity and two public health foci – diet and physical activity – in the offspring. Results of the review support the hypothesis that diet and physical activity after early life can attenuate disease susceptibility induced by maternal obesity, but human evidence is scant. Based on the review, we identify major gaps relevant for prevention research, such as characterizing the type and dose response of dietary and physical activity exposures that modify the adverse effects of maternal obesity in the offspring. Third, we discuss potential implications of interactions between maternal obesity and postnatal dietary and physical activity exposures for interventions to mitigate maternal obesity-induced risk among children. Our conceptual framework, evidence review, and future research directions offer a platform to develop, test, and implement fetal programming mitigation strategies for the current and future generations of children.
Trend and interannual variation in summer precipitation in eastern Siberia in recent decades

We analysed the long‐term trend and interannual variability in summer (JJA) precipitation over eastern Siberia (90°–140°E, 50°–70°N) for the period 1979–2007. An increasing trend in summer precipitation was observed over large areas (Yenisei and Lena river basins) of eastern Siberia. Summer mean 850‐hPa geopotential height decreased from Siberia to the marginal seas north of Siberia, with the largest decreases occurring over the northern part of eastern Siberia, while increasing trends were found around Mongolia, inducing a significant increase in westerly moisture flux and its convergence over eastern Siberia. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of detrended summer precipitation revealed the leading modes of the interannual variability. The first leading mode (EOF1) represents interannual variation around the central Siberian Plateau and the middle reaches of the Lena river basin, related to the enhancement of a low‐level cyclonic circulation centred on 65°N, 100°E around eastern Siberia. The circulation pattern of EOF1 closely matches the trend pattern over Siberia, indicating that a deeper quasi‐stationary trough appears with increasing frequency in recent decades. The second leading mode (EOF2) shows a dipole pattern between the middle reaches of the Lena river basin and the western part of the Central Siberian Plateau. Wet summers in the Lena river basin are related to a stationary trough centred at around 60°N, 130°E. These leading patterns are related to the change in position of the stationary trough and the ridge of the wave train structure along the Arctic polar jet across the northern Eurasian continent.
The Arabidopsis BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN Proteins SAW1 and SAW2 Act Redundantly to Regulate KNOX Expression Spatially in Leaf Margins[W]

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the BEL1-like TALE homeodomain protein family consists of 13 members that form heterodimeric complexes with the Class 1 KNOX TALE homeodomain proteins, including SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP). The BEL1-like protein BELLRINGER (BLR) functions together with STM and BP in the shoot apex to regulate meristem identity and function and to promote correct shoot architecture. We have characterized two additional BEL1-LIKE HOMEODOMAIN (BLH) proteins, SAWTOOTH1 (BLH2/SAW1) and SAWTOOTH2 (BLH4/SAW2) that, in contrast with BLR, are expressed in lateral organs and negatively regulate BP expression. saw1 and saw2 single mutants have no obvious phenotype, but the saw1 saw2 double mutant has increased leaf serrations and revolute margins, indicating that SAW1 and SAW2 act redundantly to limit leaf margin growth. Consistent with this hypothesis, overexpression of SAW1 suppresses overall growth of the plant shoot. BP is ectopically expressed in the leaf serrations of saw1 saw2 double mutants. Ectopic expression of Class 1 KNOX genes in leaves has been observed previously in loss-of-function mutants of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS1). Overexpression of SAW1 in an as1 mutant suppresses the as1 leaf phenotype and reduces ectopic BP leaf expression. Taken together, our data suggest that BLH2/SAW1 and BLH4/SAW2 establish leaf shape by repressing growth in specific subdomains of the leaf at least in part by repressing expression of one or more of the KNOX genes.