Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Holdout Randomization Test for Feature Selection in Black Box Models

Abstract We propose the holdout randomization test (HRT), an approach to feature selection using black box predictive models. The HRT is a specialized version of the conditional randomization test (CRT) that uses data splitting for feasible computation. The HRT works with any predictive model and produces a valid p-value for each feature. To make the HRT more practical, we propose a set of extensions to maximize power and speed up computation. In simulations, these extensions lead to greater power than a competing knockoffs-based approach, without sacrificing control of the error rate. We apply the HRT to two case studies from the scientific literature where heuristics were originally used to select important features for predictive models. The results illustrate how such heuristics can be misleading relative to principled methods like the HRT. Code is available at https://github.com/tansey/hrt. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
A Tapered Capillary-Based Contactless Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry for On-Line Preconcentration and Separation of Small Organics

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an effective technique for the separation of different analytes. Moreover, online preconcentration of trace analytes in the capillary for CE analysis has been demonstrated. CE and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are suitable for the separation of analytes with similar polarities. Given that CE and CEC are only used to separate small-volume samples, sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) is a suitable detection tool for CE and CEC. Contactless atmospheric pressure ionization (C-API) is a continuous flow ion source that only uses a short capillary as the ionization emitter operated at atmospheric pressure for MS analysis. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of hyphenating CE/CEC with C-API-MS by using a short and tapered capillary as the interface. The short capillary (a few centimeters) can function as the separation/preconcentration tube and the ionization emitter. This hyphenated technique can be used to analyze small organics within a few minutes. The suitability of using the hyphenated technique for online preconcentration, separation, and quantitative analysis for small organics is demonstrated in this study.
Category II non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern and risk of admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Background: The relationship between non-reassuring fetal heart rate (FHR) pattern, acidemia at birth and neonatal morbidity remains unclear. Our aim was to compare low versus high pH cord blood infants of women detected with a Category II FHR pattern for which the impact is unclear. Methods: A prospective study of 185 low-risk pregnant women in labor at > 370/7 weeks of gestation with a singleton fetus was conducted at a single center. Category II trace was defined by the presence of tachycardia or bradycardia, variable and late decelerations, marked variability at least 30 minutes in the 120 minutes prior to delivery. The primary outcome included the need for resuscitation and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission. The cohort was also stratified into three categories according to admission to NICU and pH threshold ([i] umbilical artery blood pH 7.15 and admitted; [iii] not admitted). Results: 23% (43/185) of infants of women detected with Category II FHR pattern needed NICU admission. Category II FHR pattern was associated with low pH at birth, and the need for resuscitation was more frequent among infants in the lower pH group (73% vs. 10%, p < 0.05). Indices of right (tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE]: 7.3 ± 0.9 mm) and left ventricular performance (fractional shortening: 31% ± 8.9%, transmitral E’/A’ 0.9 ± 0.3) were low compared to normative data for healthy infants. CK, CK-MB, and left-to-right/bidirectional shunts at PFO and PDA were higher overall at 72 hours of age. Conclusions: Category II FHR is associated with resuscitation at birth, NICU admission, and length of hospitalization.
A new GEE method to account for heteroscedasticity using asymmetric least-square regressions

ABSTRACT Generalized estimating equations are widely used to analyze longitudinal data; however, they are not appropriate for heteroscedastic data, because they only estimate regressor effects on the mean response – and therefore do not account for data heterogeneity. Here, we combine the with the asymmetric least squares (expectile) regression to derive a new class of estimators, which we call generalized expectile estimating equations . The model estimates regressor effects on the expectiles of the response distribution, which provides a detailed view of regressor effects on the entire response distribution. In addition to capturing data heteroscedasticity, the GEEE extends the various working correlation structures to account for within-subject dependence. We derive the asymptotic properties of the estimators and propose a robust estimator of its covariance matrix for inference (see our R package, github.com/AmBarry/expectgee). Our simulations show that the GEEE estimator is non-biased and efficient, and our real data analysis shows it captures heteroscedasticity.
Fairness-Aware Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in Cooperative Mobile-Edge Computing

Currently, mobile-edge computing (MEC) becomes a burgeoning paradigm to tackle the contradiction between delay-sensitive tasks and resource-limited mobile/IoT devices. However, a single MEC server is usually not able to satisfy the heavy computation tasks considering its limited storage and computation capability. Thus, the cooperation of MEC servers provides an effective way to accommodate this issue. In this article, we study the joint task offloading and resource allocation problem in the scenario with cooperative MEC servers. We first define resource fairness among IoT devices from the user experience perspective. Then, we formulate a joint optimization problem by taking into account the system efficiency and fairness, which is shown to be NP-hard and thus, intractable. To solve this problem, we propose a two-level algorithm: the upper level algorithm, inspired by evolutionary strategies, is able to search superior offloading schemes globally; while the lower level algorithm, taking into account fairness among all tasks, is able to generate resource allocation schemes that make full use of server resources. Comprehensive evaluation results demonstrate the efficiency and fairness of the proposed algorithm compared to baselines.
Density and Diversity of Zooplankton in Palu Bay after the Tsunami Disaster 28 September 2018

One of the marine areas in Central Sulawesi is Palu Bay. Research on the Density and Diversity of Zooplankton Species in the Palu Bay area of Central Sulawesi after the Tsunami Disaster 28 September 2018. This study aims to determine: Density and Diversity Index of Zooplankton Species. Sampling is carried out at the beginning of the month by considering the state of the neighbours, namely the transition between the first and second full tides when the tidal currents are weak. The research design used a completely randomized design model with seasons, stations, and depths as treatments. Community analysis based on species identification, number of individuals, density, diversity index,. The results showed that the composition of the zooplankton community in the Palu bay area after the Tsunami Disaster of 28 September 2018 consisted of 23 types of zooplankton, which were dominated by: the Copepoda group. The values of the Density and Diversity Index are influenced by habitat, time, and sea depth. The conclusion is that habitat or station, season, and depth are the 3 main factors that affect the density and diversity of zooplankton taxon species in the Palu Bay area.
Digital Droplet PCR-Based Environmental DNA Tool for Monitoring Cryptocaryon irritans in a Marine Fish Farm from Hong Kong

The adoption of new investigative strategies based on environmental DNA (eDNA) can be used to monitor parasites, associated bacterial microbiomes, and physical-chemical parameters in fish farms. In this study, we used the economically important and globally distributed fish ciliate parasite Cryptocaryon irritans as a model to understand the parasite abundance and potential drivers of its presence in marine fish farms. Environmental (rainfall) and physical-chemical (temperature, oxygen, salinity, pH) data collected from a marine fish farm in Hong Kong were analyzed together with the eDNA approach targeting C. irritans abundance based on digital droplet PCR and 16S metagenomics to determine associations and triggers between parasites and specific bacterial groups. Rainfall and temperature demonstrated positive associations with high abundance of C. irritans (eDNA) at the studied marine fish cage farm. However, rainfall was the only parameter tested that demonstrated a significant association with parasite eDNA, indicating that the raining season is a risky period for fish farmers in Hong Kong. Coraliomargarita was the bacterial genus with the most significant relationship with low abundance of C. irritans in water. Understanding the environmental triggers of ciliate parasites propagation and associated bacterial microbiome could elucidate new insights into environmental control, microbial management, and promote the reduction of chemical use in marine fish farms.
Physico-chemical parameters for testing of water- A review

People on globe are under tremendous threat due to undesired changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of air, water and soil. Due to increased human population, industrialization, use of fertilizers and man-made activity water is highly polluted with different harmful contaminants. Natural water contaminates due to weathering of rocks and leaching of soils, mining processing etc. It is necessary that the quality of drinking water should be checked at regular time interval, because due to use of contaminated drinking water, human population suffers from varied of water borne diseases. The availability of good quality water is an indispensable feature for preventing diseases and improving quality of life. It is necessary to know details about different physico-chemical parameters such as color, temperature, acidity, hardness, pH, sulphate, chloride, DO, BOD, COD, alkalinity used for testing of water quality. Heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Fe, Hg etc. are of special concern because they produce water or chronic poisoning in aquatic animals. Some water analysis reports with physic-chemical parameters have been given for the exploring parameter study. Guidelines of different physic-chemical parameters also have been given for comparing the value of real water sample.
Changes in Sheep Behavior before Lambing

The aim of this study was to assess the duration and frequency of behavioral observations of pregnant ewes as they approached lambing. An understanding of behavioral changes before birth may provide opportunities for enhanced visual monitoring at this critical stage in the animal’s life. Behavioral observations for 17 ewes in late pregnancy were recorded during two separate time periods, which were 4 to 6 weeks before lambing and before giving birth. It was normal farm procedure for the sheep to come indoors for 6 weeks of close monitoring before lambing. The behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffling and contraction behaviors were recorded for each animal during both time periods. Over both time periods, the ewes spent a large proportion of their time either lying (0.40) or standing (0.42), with a higher frequency of standing (0.40) and shuffling (0.28) bouts than other behaviors. In the time period before giving birth, the frequency of lying and contraction bouts increased and the standing and walking bouts decreased, with a higher frequency of walking bouts in ewes that had an assisted lambing. The monitoring of behavioral patterns, such as lying and contractions, could be used as an alert to the progress of parturition.
Flipped Learning for 21 st Century Competence Development: The Systematic

—This paper aims to analyses the flipped learning researches using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to finds its correlation to 21 st century competence development according to twenty articles which reported about flipped learning from 2015 to 2018. The SLR was applied to examine the impacts of the application of flipped learning toward the mastery of 21 st century competencies and the advancement of flipped learning researches both in Indonesia and abroad. The result of review was presented descriptively. The result shows that flipped learning researches have been done on various school subjects and various methodologies. Quasi-experimental design has been the most chosen method. The most used technological media among the various tools is the use of video. The most common keyword is flipped classroom. The impact analysis shows that flipped learning brings positive impacts to the mastery of 21 st century competence which are creativity and innovation, critical thinking and problem solving, communication, and collaboration. The application of flipped learning in Indonesia and abroad shows comparable results. The results of the analysis show that flipped learning is very suitable to be applied in the classroom and becomes an implication for the government or policy makers to recommend flipped learning to be implemented in learning activities.
BLEND OF NATURAL WAXES AS A MATRIX FOR AROMA ENCAPSULATION

In this study, the possibility of using a blend of natural waxes (bees and carnauba) for encapsulation of some aroma compounds was investigated. Melt dispersion/melt solidification technique was applied for microbeads production. Since one of the most important characteristics of the particles are the size and shape, particle size distribution as well as morphological properties are tested. Thermal characteristics are also examined as significant properties for thermal behavior at elevated temperatures, important for application of encapsulated particles in food production processes. Different contents of the carnauba wax in the mixture with beeswax are investigated, from 10% to 50% (w/w). Since one of the potential applications of the encapsulated aroma is in feed additives production, the targeted particle size range was under 300 μm to be suitable for handling and mixing with other powder substances. According to the obtained results, a higher carnauba wax content in the wax blend had an impact on particle size distribution. Also, it had an impact on the surface morphology and thermal properties. The obtained results may contribute to the development of methods of encapsulation of hydrophobic aromas in the natural wax matrix HIGHLIGHTS Blend of natural waxes is investigated as a potential matrix for aroma encapsulation Target particle size is reached with blend ratio 50:50 (bees :carnauba) Blend of beeswax and carnauba wax is a promising carrier for aroma encapulation
PENINGKATAN KADAR INSULIN TIKUS WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus) JANTAN YANG DIINDUKSI STREPTOZOTOSIN AKIBAT PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG BROTOWALI (Tinospora crispa L.)

Brotowali stems (Tinospora crispa L.) contain flavonoids which act as antioxidants and are expected to have the potential to reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin levels in mice due to STZ induction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of brotowali stem ethanol extract (EEBB) on insulin levels in STZ-induced male Wistar rats. Measurement of mouse insulin levels using the mouse insulin ELISA kit method. The results showed that the ethanol extract of brotowali rods at a dose of 450 mg / kgBW rats were significantly different (<0.05) between the hyperglycemic control group and the EEBB treatment group showing an increase in the mean insulin levels of the rats after being given EEBB for 10 days. Brotowali stems can be used for the treatment of natural ingredients with flavonoid content.
Selbsteinschätzung der funktionellen Leistungsfähigkeit (SELF): Messeigenschaften in der beruflich orientierten medizinischen Rehabilitation

Zusammenfassung Ziel Ermittlung der konkurrenten, diskriminanten und prognostischen Validität der Selbsteinschätzung der funktionellen Leistungsfähigkeit (SELF) bei orthopädischen Patienten der beruflich orientierten medizinischen Rehabilitation. Material und Methoden In einer prospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden Patienten aus vier Einrichtungen mit beruflich orientierter medizinischer Rehabilitation rekrutiert. Als Außenkriterien für die Überprüfung der konkurrenten Validität dienten der Work Ability Score (WAS) und die Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE)-basierte Einschätzung der zulässigen Arbeitsschwere nach REFA. Für die diskriminante Validität wurde das Ultra-Kurz-Screening (UKS) verwendet. Die a priori definierten Hypothesen wurden anhand von bivariaten und partiellen Korrelationsmaßen überprüft. Die prognostische Validität wurde mittels logistischer Regressionsmodelle berechnet. Zielgröße war die Rückkehr in Arbeit (RTW) drei Monate nach Reha-Ende. Ergebnisse Die Daten von 227 rekrutierten Probanden wurden analysiert. Hinsichtlich der konkurrenten Validität bestätigten sich die a priori definierten Hypothesen (0,4≤r≤0,6) zum WAS (r=0,41) und der zulässigen Arbeitsschwere (r=0,50). Der Zusammenhang mit dem UKS lag erst nach Kontrolle der derzeitigen Schmerzen (r=−0,24) im erwarteten Bereich (−0,1≤r≤−0,3). Zur Überprüfung der prognostischen Validität wurden die von 127 Probanden verfügbaren Nachbefragungsdaten ausgewertet. Ein Anstieg des SELF um einen Punkt war nach Kontrolle der Arbeitsschwere der Tätigkeit mit einer 1,07-fach (p<0,001) höheren RTW-Chance assoziiert. Schlussfolgerung Die konkurrente und diskriminante Validität des SELF wurde bei orthopädischen Patienten der beruflich orientierten medizinischen Rehabilitation bestätigt. Das Instrument erwies sich darüber hinaus als prognostisch valide. Die Anpassungsgüte des ausschließlich auf dem SELF basierenden Modells war jedoch gering.
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing of SlWRKY79 Attenuates Salt Tolerance in Tomato Plants

Previous studies have shown that WRKY transcription factors play important roles in abiotic stress responses. Thus, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to identify the function of SlWRKY79 in the salt tolerance of tomato plants by downregulating the expression of the SlWRKY79 gene. Under the same salt treatment conditions, the SlWRKY79-silenced plants showed faster stem wilting and more severe leaf shrinkage than the control plants, and the bending degree of the stem of the SlWRKY79-silenced plants was also greater than that of the control plants. Physiological analyses showed that considerably higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2−), and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulated in the leaves of the SlWRKY79-silenced plants than in those of the controls after salt treatment. Taken together, our results suggested that SlWRKY79 plays a positive regulatory role in salt tolerance in tomato plants.
Modeling of static var compensator-high voltage direct current to provide power and improve voltage profile

Transmission lines react to an unexpected increase in power, and if these power changes are not controlled, some lines will become overloaded on certain routes. Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices can change the voltage range and phase angle and thus control the power flow. This paper presents suitable mathematical modeling of FACTSdevices including static var compensator (SVC) as a parallel compensator and high voltage direct current (HVDC) bonding. A comprehensive modeling of SVC and HVDC bonding in the form of simultaneous applications for power flow is also performed, and the effects of compensations are compared. The comprehensive model obtained was implemented on the 5-bus test system in MATLAB software using the Newton-Raphson method, revealed that generators have to produce more power. Also, the addition of these devices stabilizes the voltage and controls active and reactive power in the network.
Electronic structure and magnetism of transition metal oxides : the case of Fe3O4

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a promising candidate for application in spintronic devices. This ferrimagnet with a high Curie temperature has been theoretically predicted to be a half-metal with a conductive minority-spin (↓) channel and a semiconductive majority-spin (↑) channel, resulting in 100 % spin polarization at the Fermi level. But up to now, any clear experimental evidence is lacking. This thesis presents spin- and angle-resolved photoemission studies on the magnetic and electronic structure of Fe3O4 (001) epitaxially grown on MgO (001). A band structure calculation using generalized gradient approximation plus U (GGA+U) to the density functional theory (DFT) is proposed to explain the experimental results. Although the PES intensity at Fermi level is very low because of the role played by polarons, a dispersion of the Fe 3d-t2g states is observed. The overall behaviour of these bands is in good agreement with the calculation of ground state electronic structure. In order to simulate the spectra, we used the free electron approximation for the final states, ignoring the matrix elements. Calculated ground state data are convoluted by Lorentzian and Gaussian functions to account for the lifetime and electron-phonon coupling effects, respectively. By integrating the spectral intensity over an energy interval of 100meV at Fermi level, we obtained the first experimental evidence of the Fermi surface plot. Determination of electron spin polarization is an ultimate test of both the band calculations and our model of Fe3O4 photoemission spectra. In our spin-resolved photoemission experiments 4.65 and 6.20 eV photons were used. The same sample was used as for spin-integrated ARPES, requiring its transfer through air to another chamber. It was not subject to any cleaning prior to the SRPES measurements that lead to a reduction of the spin polarization as a consequence of the presence of a dead layer on the surface. Nevertheless the spin polarization close to EF reaches - 50% and -72% for 6.20 and 4.65 eV photons respectively. We conclude that Fe3O4 can be described within a band model and in particular that it is half-metallic. We also used femtosecond laser pulses in pump-probe experiments to investigate ultrafast dynamics on atomic scale. Our results show that the lifetime of excited electrons in Fe3O4 is much longer than in an “ordinary” metal. From the spin analysis of excited electrons, we deduce that the demagnetization does not occur in the femtosecond range, which is compatible with half-metallic properties of magnetite.
Model reduction design for continuous systems with finite frequency specifications

This paper is concerned with the problem of model reduction design for continuous systems in Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Through the defined FF H∞ gain performance, sufficient conditions are derived to design model reduction and to assure the fuzzy error system to be asymptotically stable with a FF H∞ gain performance index. The explicit conditions of fuzzy model reduction are developed by solving linear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.