Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Capabilities of Combined Positron Emission and Computed Tomography in Neuroendocrine Tumor Diagnostics: First Experience of Russian Synthesis Module 68Ga-DOTA-TATE

М. S. Tlostanova, MD, PhD, Head of Positron Emission Tomography Unit; М. М. Khodzhibekova, MD, PhD, Radiologist; А. А. Panfilenko, MD, PhD, Radiologist, Positron Emission Tomography Unit; А. А. Balabanova, MD, PhD, Radiologist, Positron Emission Tomography Unit; N. А. Kostenikov, MD, DSc, Head of the laboratory of Preclinical Studies of Radiopharmaceuticals; S.V. Shatik, MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Cyclotron Radiopharmaceuticals, Head of the laboratory of Radiopharmaceutical Technologies; V.V. Zaitsev, leading Process Engineer, Head of Radiopharmaceutical Synthesis Group, Department of Cyclotron Radiopharmaceuticals; D.S. Sysoev, leading Engineer, Department of Cyclotron Radiopharmaceuticals, Head of the Group of Development and Production of Equipment for Nuclear Medicine; А. А. Stanzhevsky, MD, DSc, Deputy Director for Science; А. М. Granov, MD, DSc, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director
The Examination of the Relationship Between Teacher Autonomy and Teacher Leadership through Structural Equation Modeling

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher autonomy and teacher leadership. For this purpose, a predictive correlational research method was used. The study was conducted with 571 teachers who were determined through a simple random sampling technique among those working in Turkey during the 2020-2021 academic year. The Teacher Autonomy Scale was used to determine teachers’ perception of teacher autonomy, and the Teacher Leadership Scale was exploited for their perception of teacher leadership. Descriptive analyses such as mean and standard deviation were estimated to determine teachers’ perceptions of autonomy and leadership. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to control the relationship between teacher autonomy and teacher leadership. As a result of the study, the participants’ teacher autonomy and teacher leadership perceptions were at higher levels. Moreover, it was established that there was a positive and significant relationship between teacher autonomy and teacher leadership. Teacher autonomy was found to be among the factors explaining teacher leadership. Therefore, it can be alleged that teacher autonomy should be promoted to reveal teachers' leadership skills.
Cardiac–Brain Dynamics Depend on Context Familiarity and Their Interaction Predicts Experience of Emotional Arousal

Our brain continuously interacts with the body as we engage with the world. Although we are mostly unaware of internal bodily processes, such as our heartbeats, they may be influenced by and in turn influence our perception and emotional feelings. Although there is a recent focus on understanding cardiac interoceptive activity and interaction with brain activity during emotion processing, the investigation of cardiac–brain interactions with more ecologically valid naturalistic emotional stimuli is still very limited. We also do not understand how an essential aspect of emotions, such as context familiarity, influences affective feelings and is linked to statistical interaction between cardiac and brain activity. Hence, to answer these questions, we designed an exploratory study by recording ECG and EEG signals for the emotional events while participants were watching emotional movie clips. Participants also rated their familiarity with the stimulus on the familiarity scale. Linear mixed effect modelling was performed in which the ECG power and familiarity were considered as predictors of EEG power. We focused on three brain regions, including prefrontal (PF), frontocentral (FC) and parietooccipital (PO). The analyses showed that the interaction between the power of cardiac activity in the mid-frequency range and the power in specific EEG bands is dependent on familiarity, such that the interaction is stronger with high familiarity. In addition, the results indicate that arousal is predicted by cardiac–brain interaction, which also depends on familiarity. The results support emotional theories that emphasize context dependency and interoception. Multimodal studies with more realistic stimuli would further enable us to understand and predict different aspects of emotional experience.
Wide Versus Narrow Back‐Arc Rifting: Control of Subduction Velocity and Convective Back‐Arc Thinning

Back‐arc basins such as the ones behind the island‐arcs of the Western Pacific Ocean or the ones in the Mediterranean Sea are ubiquitous structures of the Earth. They are extensional basins forming in the overriding plate behind subduction zones and similarly to continental rifts, they can exhibit different structural styles from narrow, localized rifting to wide‐rift extension. While these different structural styles have been long recognized, the factors controlling the style of extension in these basins have not been explored properly. We use thermo‐mechanical models to investigate how the relative rates of progressive build‐up of slab‐pull force and of convective thinning and thermal weakening of the overriding plate control the style of back‐arc rifting. Following subduction‐initiation, a high subducting plate velocity results in rapid build‐up of the slab‐pull force. The relatively low rate of convectively thinning and associated moderate weakening of the overriding plate require slab‐pull to build up to close to its maximum value to overcome the high back‐arc integrated strength resulting in a narrow back‐arc rift. In turn a low subducting plate velocity in comparison with the timescale of convective thinning of the overriding plate allows for significant back‐arc weakening before the slab‐pull force becomes large enough to drive back‐arc extension. In this case, the back‐arc exhibits a wide rifting style as extension occurs at significantly reduced overriding plate integrated strength. Our model results provide an explanation why some subduction zones exhibit wide, distributed extension in the overriding plate such as for instance observed in the Pannonian basin.
Isoniazid in Children – Any Rationale for Post Isoniazid Liver Function Test?

Isoniazid (INH) therapy remains the treatment of choice in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a known adverse effect of isoniazid. Serum transaminase elevation occurs in about 10% of children receiving INH monotherapy. Drug-induced liver injury can range from asymptomatic increase of aminotransferase to severe liver injury, or in some cases hepatic failure. Even though INH-induced liver injury has been known and extensively studied, its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The liver injury comprises hepatotoxicity and a rarer form of hepatitis hypersensitive allergic reaction. Since the facility to do liver function (LFT) is widely available, monitoring liver function while on INH therapy is the wisest way of monitoring acute liver injury (ATLI).
Hormetic Heat Shock Enhances Autophagy through HSF1 in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

To maintain homeostasis, cells have evolved stress-response pathways to cope with exogenous and endogenous stress factors. Diverse stresses at high doses may be detrimental, albeit low doses of stress, known as hormesis, can be beneficial. Upon exposure to stress, such as temperature rise, the conventional heat shock response (HSR) regulated by the heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) facilitates refolding of misfolded proteins with the help of heat shock proteins (HSPs). However, the role and molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of HSR with other clearance processes, such as autophagy, remain poorly understood. In this study, human ARPE-19 cells, an in vitro model of retinal pigment epithelium, were treated with hormetic heat shock (HHS) and the autophagy expression profile was examined using quantitative PCR (qPCR), immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence. We demonstrate that HHS enhances the expression of fundamental autophagy-associated genes in ARPE-19 cells through the activation of HSF1. HHS transiently increases the level of SQSTM1 and LC3B-II and activates autophagy. These findings reveal a role for autophagic HSF1-regulated functions and demonstrate the contribution of autophagy to hormesis in the HSR by improving proteostasis.
Clinical and Radiological Characteristics to Differentiate Between EGFR Exon 21 and Exon 19 Mutations in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma have been previously associated with specific clinical characteristics and Computed Tomography (CT) patterns. However, associations among individual EGFR mutations have not been evaluated. We aim to differentiate if the most common EGFR mutations (exon 21 and 19) are related to specific clinical characteristics or CT patterns. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 5 databases were conducted with literature from January 2002 to July 2021. Eligible studies were of an experimental or observational design that included lung adenocarcinoma patients with confirmed EGFR exon mutations (21 and 19) and associated clinical characteristics and CT imaging patterns. Quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The association between clinical and CT patterns and EGFR exon mutations 21 and 19 was evaluated using odds ratios (OR) and then pooled and analyzed with a fixed or random-effects model. This study follows the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 12 retrospective diagnostic accuracy studies were included. Pooled analysis showed that characteristics such as absence of smoking status (OR 1.29 [95% CI 0.97 - 1.70]), and female sex (OR 1.23 [95% CI 0.83 - 1.82]); and CT patterns such as Ground Glass Opacities (GGO) (OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.78 -1.34]), air bronchogram (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.44 -1.39]), pleural retraction (OR 0.83 [95% CI 0.53 - 1.28]), and spiculation (OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.48 - 1.31]) were not significantly associated to a specific mutation. Specific EGFR exon 21 and 19 mutations cannot be differentiated through characteristics (absence of smoking status and female sex) or radiological patterns (GGO, air bronchogram, pleural retraction, and speculation). There is limited data to assess if early disease stage or vascular convergence aids in differentiating exon 21 from 19 mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Transcultural Place-Making in Little Havana

abstract:In the 1960s, Miami began its transformation into a Latin city. When this transformation began, Spanish-speakers, primarily Cubans, clustered together in what is now known as Little Havana. At the time, the place between 37th Street and Highway 95 was full of low-income, multi-family homes, creating a perfect space for the incoming Cuban refugees to make their home. Because of their initial place-making as a community, Little Havana is now a thriving place known around the world as a Cuban cultural center. However, the mass exodus of Cubans entering Little Havana has slowed and more and more Latin people have settled into the area, changing the demographics and, inevitably, the culture of the place. Today, one can walk down the infamous Calle Ocho (8th Street) and enjoy Cuban culture with a side of Mexican, Peruvian, Puerto Rican, and others. In this article, we argue that this change in demographic representation is leading to a change in the community, which now does not identify solely as Cuban but as Latin—a more inclusive term — in an act of transculturation. We sought to discover, using semi-structured interviews and participatory mapping, how this change is affecting the overall cultural landscape of Little Havana.resumen:En la década de 1960, Miami comenzó su tranformación a una cuidad Latina. Cuando esta transformación comezó, hispanoparlantes, mayormente cubanos, se fueron agrupando en lo que hoy se conoce como Pequeña Habana. En ese momento, el lugar entre la calle 37 y la autopista 95 estaba lleno de viviendas multifamiliares de bajos ingresos, lo que creaba un espacio perfecto para que los refugiados cubanos que llegaban hicieran su hogar. Debido a su reconocimiento inicial como espacio creador de comunidad, la Pequeña Habana es ahora un lugar próspero conocido en todo el mundo como un centro cultural cubano. Sin embargo, el éxodo masivo de cubanos que ingresan a La Pequeña Habana se ha ralentizado y cada vez más latinos se han asentado en el área, cambiando la demografía e, inevitablemente, la cultura del lugar. Hoy, uno puede caminar por la infame Calle Ocho y disfrutar de la cultura cubana con toques de la mexicana, peruana, puertorriqueña y otras. En este artículo argumentamos que este cambio en la representación demográfica está provocando un cambio en la comunidad, que ya no se identifica únicamente como cubana sino como latina —un término más inclusivo— en un acto de transculturación. Buscamos descubrir, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y mapeo participativo, cómo este cambio está afectando el panorama cultural general de la Pequeña Habana.
Cellular Senescence in Aging Lungs and Diseases

Cellular senescence represents a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest occurring naturally or in response to exogenous stressors. Following the initial arrest, progressive phenotypic changes define conditions of cellular senescence. Understanding molecular mechanisms that drive senescence can help to recognize the importance of such pathways in lung health and disease. There is increasing interest in the role of cellular senescence in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the context of understanding pathophysiology and identification of novel therapies. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge of molecular mechanisms and mitochondrial dysfunction regulating different aspects of cellular senescence-related to chronic lung diseases to develop rational strategies for modulating the senescent cell phenotype in the lung for therapeutic benefit.
The Effect of Handlebar Height and Bicycle Frame Length on Muscular Activity during Cycling: A Pilot Study

The cycling literature is filled with reports of electromyography (EMG) analyses for a better understanding of muscle function during cycling. This research is not just limited to performance, as the cyclist’s goal may be rehabilitation, recreation, or competition, so a bicycle that meets the rider’s needs is essential for a more efficient muscular activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the contribution of the activity of each of the following muscles: TD (trapezius descending), LD (latissimus dorsi), GM (gluteus maximus), and AD (anterior deltoid) in response to different bicycle-rider systems (handlebar height; bicycle frame length) and intensities in a bicycle equipped with a potentiometer. Surface EMG signals from muscles on the right side of the body were measured. A general linear model test was used to analyze the differences between muscle activation in the test conditions. Effect sizes were calculated using a partial Eta2 (η2). The level of significance was set at 0.05. Muscle activation of different muscles differs, depending on the cycling condition (Pillai’s trace = 2.487; F (36.69) = 9.300; p < 0.001. η2 = 0.958), mostly during low intensities. In high intensities, one specific pattern emerges, with a greater contribution of GM and TD and weaker participation of LD and AD, enhancing the cycling power output.
Ayahuasca and Public Health II: Health Status in a Large Sample of Ayahuasca-Ceremony Participants in the Netherlands

ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a plant decoction in traditional Amazonian medicine. Its ritual use has been internationalized, leading to policy challenges that countries should address. This study evaluates the impact of regular ayahuasca ceremony participation on health by assessing the health status of 377 participants in ayahuasca ceremonies in the Netherlands using validated health indicators. A questionnaire was developed and administered to study participants. The questionnaire included several health indicators with public health relevance (e.g., BMI, diet, physical activity) and psychometrically validated questionnaires (ELS and COPE-easy). The data retrieved through health indicators was compared to normative Dutch data. Participants (50.1% women) were mostly Dutch (84.6%) with a mean age of 48.8 years (SD = 11.6). Compared to normative Dutch data, regular participants in ayahuasca ceremonies showed better general well-being, fewer chronic or lifestyle-related diseases, more physical activity, and a more balanced diet. Participants also used less alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic, and although they used more illegal drugs than the general population, they did not report associated harms. Our findings suggest that regular participation in ayahuasca ceremonies is not linked to relevant health harms. This data could help drug policymakers to develop and implement evidence-based public policies.
In silico analyses of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and its genetic variants in interaction with the anti‐Alzheimer drug Rivastigmine

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Despite causing great social and economic impact, there is currently no cure for AD. The most effective therapy to manage AD symptoms is based on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEi), from which rivastigmine presented numerous benefits. However, mutations in AChE, which affect approximately 5% of the population, can modify protein structure and function, changing the individual response to Alzheimer's treatment. In this study, we performed computer simulations of AChE wild type and variants R34Q, P135A, V333E, and H353N, identified by one or more genome‐wide association studies, to evaluate their effects on protein structure and interaction with rivastigmine. The functional effects of AChE variants were predicted using eight machine learning algorithms, while the evolutionary conservation of AChE residues was analyzed using the ConSurf server. Autodock4.2. 6 was used to predict the binding modes for the hAChE–rivastigmine complex, which is still unknown. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed in triplicates for the AChE wild type and mutants using the GROMACS packages. Among the analyzed variants, P135A was classified as deleterious by all the functional prediction algorithms, in addition to occurring at highly conserved positions, which may have harmful consequences on protein function. The molecular docking results suggested that rivastigmine interacts with hAChE at the upper active‐site gorge, which was further confirmed by MD simulations. Our MD findings also suggested that the complex hAChE‐rivastigmine remains stable over time. The essential dynamics revealed flexibility alterations at the active‐site gorge upon mutations P135A, V333E, and H353N, which may lead to strong and nonintuitive consequences to hAChE binding. Nonetheless, similar binding affinities were registered in the MMPBSA analysis for the hAChE wild type and variants when complexed to rivastigmine. Finally, our findings indicated that the rivastigmine binding to hAChE is an energetically favorable process mainly driven by negatively charged amino acids.
Sensor bias fault isolation in a class of nonlinear systems

This note presents a robust fault isolation scheme for a class of nonlinear systems with sensor bias type of faults. The proposed fault diagnosis architecture consists of a fault detection estimator and a bank of isolation estimators, each corresponding to a particular output sensor. Based on the class of nonlinear systems and sensor bias faults under consideration, the stability and learning properties of the fault isolation estimators are obtained, adaptive thresholds are derived for the isolation estimators, and fault isolability conditions are rigorously investigated, characterizing the class of nonlinear faults that are isolable by the proposed scheme. A simulation example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the sensor bias fault isolation methodology.
Polymorphisms at position -308 in the promoter region of the TNF-alpha and in the first intron of the TNF-beta genes and spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha release in sarcoidosis.

TNF-alpha is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. Previous studies have proved that biallelic polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha (-308, TNFA) and TNF-beta genes (intron 1, TNFB) influence TNF-alpha production. In sarcoidosis, a chronic granulomatous disease, as a result of an unknown in vivo activation bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells release high amounts of TNF-alpha, spontaneously and after in vitro stimulation. Thus, sarcoidosis could serve as a model to test the in vivo effect of TNF gene polymorphisms. We determined the TNFA and TNFB polymorphisms of 44 patients with sarcoidosis and found the following allele frequencies: 0.80, 0.20, 0.38 and 0.62 for TNFA1, TNFA2, TNFB1 and TNFB2, respectively. To examine the in vivo effect of the named polymorphisms on the TNF-alpha production, the spontaneous and LPS-induced TNF-alpha release of BAL cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also determined in patients with sarcoidosis. Statistical analysis did not reveal any significant difference between sarcoidosis patients with different genotypes. The results show that TNFA and TNFB polymorphisms do not determine the level of TNF-alpha release of mononuclear cells activated during the course of sarcoid inflammation.
A Low Complexity Detection Algorithm for Generalized Spatial Modulation System

 Abstract —As an extension of spatial modulation (SM) technology, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) is a promising technique for high data-rates systems. In GSM system, multiple antennas are activated in each time slot, which can greatly enhance the band efficiency. However, the usage of multiple active antennas for transmission also brings difficulties of the demodulation at the receiver. The computational complexity of the traditional maximum likelihood (ML) detector is closely related to the modulation order. Based on this point, we propose an ordered block hard-limited maximum likelihood (OB-HLML) algorithm for MQAM constellation, which is independent of modulation order. OB-HLML algorithm first sorts the possibility of transmit antenna combinations (TACs), and then detects the possible signal vectors of each ordered TAC by HLML detector. Simulation results show that the proposed OB-HLML algorithm can provide almost the same bit error rate (BER) performance as the ML algorithm with greatly reduced computational complexity.
Multiple Object Detection Using Single Shot Multi-Box with MobileNet in Real-Time.

: In the field of artificial intelligence, one of the challenging tasks is detecting real-time objects because it needs faster computation power to recognize the content at that moment. Here, a novel object recognition approach is proposed, which combines Single Shot Multi-Box Detection (SSD) with a lightweight network model known as MobileNet. SSD speeds up the classification of sub-windows by formulating the problem as a sequential decision process. Additionally, MobileNet provides better multi-scale handling to detect objects of all sizes without rescaling the input image. This speed-up builds upon the scale invariance property of image statistics in natural images that offers a powerful relationship for approximating feature responses of adjacent scales. Experimental results showed that this combination of MobileNet with the SSD template, which is the proposed novelty of the research, improves the level of validity when recognizing real-time household objects.