Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ability of high fat diet to induce liver pathology correlates with the level of linoleic acid and Vitamin E in the diet

Increased uptake of fat, such as through the ingestion of high fat diet (HFD), can lead to fatty liver diseases and metabolic syndrome. It is not clear whether certain fatty acids may be more pathogenic than others to the liver. Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and its excessive consumption can lead to increased lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that a high level of LA in HFD will contribute significantly to the hepatic steatosis and injury, whereas vitamin E (VIT-E) may reverse the effects from LA by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. To test this hypothesis, we fed mice with the following diets for 20 weeks: a standard low-fat diet (CHOW), HFD with a low level of LA (LOW-LA, 1% of energy from LA), HFD with a high level of LA (HI-LA, 8% of energy from LA), or HI-LA diet with VIT-E supplement (HI-LA + VIT-E). We found that the HI-LA diet resulted in more body weight gain, larger adipocyte area, and higher serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) relative to the CHOW and LOW-LA diets. In mice fed with the HI-LA diet, severer hepatic steatosis was seen with higher levels of hepatic TG and FFA. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was altered in the liver by HI-LA diet, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1). Liver injury, inflammation and fibrotic response were all enhanced in mice fed with the HI-LA diet when compared with the LOW-LA diet. Notably, addition of VIT-E supplement, which restores the proper VIT-E/PUFA ratio, significantly reduced the detrimental effects of the high level of LA. Taken together, our results suggest that a high level of LA and a low ratio of VIT-E/PUFA in HFD can contribute significantly to metabolic abnormalities and hepatic injury.
Genome-wide study of linkage disequilibrium, population structure, and inbreeding in Iranian indigenous sheep breeds

Knowledge of linkage disequilibrium (LD), genetic structure and genetic diversity are some key parameters to study the breeding history of indigenous small ruminants. In this study, the OvineSNP50 Bead Chip array was used to estimate and compare LD, genetic diversity, effective population size (Ne) and genomic inbreeding in 186 individuals, from three Iranian indigenous sheep breeds consisting of Baluchi (n = 96), Lori-Bakhtiari (n = 47) and Zel (n = 47). The results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that all animals were allocated to the groups that they sampled and the admixture analysis revealed that the structure within the populations is best explained when separated into three groups (K = 3). The average r2 values estimated between adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at distances up to 10Kb, were 0.388±0.324, 0.353±0.311, and 0.333±0.309 for Baluchi, Lori-Bakhtiari and Zel, respectively. Estimation of genetic diversity and effective population size (Ne) showed that the Zel breed had the highest heterozygosity and Ne, whereas the lowest value was found in Baluchi breed. Estimation of genomic inbreeding using FROH (based on the long stretches of consecutive homozygous genotypes) showed the highest inbreeding coefficient in Baluchi and the lowest in Zel breed that could be due to higher pressure of artificial selection on Baluchi breed. The results of genomic inbreeding and Ne showed an increase in sharing haplotypes in Baluchi, leading to the enlargement of LD and the consequences of linkage disequilibrium and haplotype blocks confirmed this point. Also, the persistence of the LD phase between Zel and Lori-Bakhtiari was highest indicating that these two breeds would be combined in a multi-breed training population in genomic selection studies.
Effects of exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells on cholesterol-induced hepatic fibrogenesis

Objective(s): Free cholesterol in the diet can cause liver fibrosis by accumulating in Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). The rate of mortality of this disease is high worldwide and there is no definite remedy for it, but might be treated by anti-fibrotic therapies. MSCs-derived exosomes are known as the new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, showing that exosomes can be used as a new treatment. In this study, we investigated the ability of exosomes of WJ-MSCs as a new remedy to reduce cholesterol-induced liver fibrosis in the LX2 cell line. Materials and Methods: MSCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord and the exosomes were extracted. The LX2 cell line was cultured in DMEM medium with 10% FBS, then cells were treated with 75 and 100 μM concentrations of cholesterol for 24 hr. The mRNA expression of TGF-β, αSMA, and collagen1α genes, and the level of Smad3 protein were measured to assess liver fibrosis. Results: Cholesterol increased the expression of TGF-β, αand -SMA, and collagen1α genes by increasing the phosphorylation of the Smad3 protein. Treatment with Exosomes significantly reduced the expression of TGF-β, α-SMA, and collagen1α genes (fibrosis genes). Treatment with exosomes prevented the activation of HSCs by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the Smad3 protein. Conclusion: The exosomes of WJ-MSCs can inhibit the TGFβ/Smad3 signaling pathway preventing further activation of HSCs and progression of liver fibrosis. So, the exosomes of WJ-MSCs s could be introduced as a treatment for liver failure.
Anatomical Labeling of Vascular Trees using Maximum a Posteriori Probability Estimation

and comparing the vasculature between subjects. • We present a method for robust classification of bifurcations in a vascular tree, applied to anatomical labeling of the anterior part of the Circle of Willis (CoW). • Anterior part (left or right) of CoW is a vascular tree typically visible in a 3DRA image and is a common site of 80% of cerebral aneurysms. • CoW exhibits large anatomical variability. Vessels present in one healthy person can be absent or duplicated in another.
Does a Cognitive Network Contribute to Motor Recovery After Ischemic Stroke?

Background In stroke patients, preserved cognitive function plays a role in motor recovery, but there is insufficient evidence on the involved mechanisms. These mechanisms require investigation in the human brain, which is composed of large-scale functionally specialized networks. Objective In this study, we investigated the role of cognition-related networks on upper extremity motor recovery using neuroimaging data of subacute stroke patients. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed cohort data of 108 subacute ischemic stroke patients. All patients underwent resting-state functional MRI and motor function assessments using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) at 2 weeks after stroke onset. The FMA upper extremity (FMA-UE) score was obtained again at three months after stroke onset to assess motor recovery. To construct a resting-state network, cortical surface parcellation was performed using the Gordon atlas, which included 333 regions of interest, and 12 resting-state networks were extracted. Linear regression was used to identify the relationships between the FMA-UE recovery score and resting-state networks. Results Cognition-related networks were correlated with the FMA-UE recovery score, as were motor-related networks. Interaction effects between motor- and cognition-related network states existed in motor recovery. Specifically, cognition-related networks were associated with motor recovery in patients with a lower strength of motor-related networks. Conclusions These results suggested that the greater the damage to the motor network caused by stroke is, the more important the cognition-related networks are in motor recovery.
Recent Advances in Therapeutic Modalities Against Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Future Epigenetic Landscape

Background: Lymphedema is a significant postsurgical complication observed in the majority of breast cancer patients. These multifactorial etiopathogenesis have a significant role in the development of novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and the development of novel therapies. This review aims to ascertain the epigenetic alterations that lead to breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL), multiple pathobiological events, and the underlying genetic predisposing factors, signaling cascades pertinent to the lapses in effective prognosis/diagnosis, and finally to develop a suitable therapeutic regimen. Methods and Results: We have performed a literature search in public databases such as PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine and screened several published reports. Search words such as epigenetics to induce BCRL, prognosis/diagnosis, primary lymphedema, secondary lymphedema, genetic predisposing factors for BRCL, conventional therapies, and surgery were used in these databases. This review described several epigenetic-based predisposing factors and the pathophysiological consequences of BCRL, which affect the overall quality of life, and the interplay of these events could foster the progression of lymphedema in breast cancer survivors. Prognosis/diagnostic and therapy lapses for treating BCRL are highly challenging due to genetic and anatomical variations, alteration in the lymphatic vessel contractions, and variable expression of several factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-E and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) in breast cancer survivors. Conclusion: We compared the efficacy of various conventional therapies for treating BCRL as a multidisciplinary approach. Further substantial research is required to decipher underlying signaling epigenetic pathways to develop chromatin-modifying therapies pertinent to the multiple etiopathogenesis to explore the correlation between the disease pathophysiology and novel therapeutic modalities to treat BCRL.
Word Stress in Lezgian in Optimality Theory

This paper uses Optimality Theory to describe native Lezgian root stress patterns. For most polysyllabic roots, stress falls on the second syllable. Exceptional patterns appear on disyllabic roots ending in [-ar] which take stress on the first syllable. In addition, these roots syncopate the final vowel when followed by a vowel-initial suffix.
Resampling-based multiple testing with asymptotic strong control of type I error

We define a general statistical framework for multiple hypothesis testing and show that the correct null distribution for the test statistics is obtained by projecting their true distribution onto the space of mean zero distributions. For common choices of test statistics (based on an asymptotically linear parameter estimator), this distribution is asymptotically multivariate normal with mean zero and the covariance of the vector influence curve for the parameter estimator. This test statistic null distribution can be estimated by applying the non-parametric or parametric bootstrap to correctly centered test statistics. We prove that this bootstrap estimated null distribution provides asymptotic strong control of most type I error rates. We show that obtaining a test statistic null distribution from a data null distribution only provides the correct test statistic null distribution if the covariance of the vector influence curve is the same under the data null distribution as under the true data distribution. This condition is the formal analogue of the subset pivotality condition (Westfall and Young (1993)). We also show that our multiple testing methodology controlling type I error is equivalent to constructing an error-specific confidence region for the true parameter values and checking if it contains the hypothesized value. We conclude with a discussion of applications.
Overlapping functions of SIX homeoproteins during embryonic myogenesis

Four SIX homeoproteins display a combinatorial expression throughout embryonic developmental myogenesis and they modulate the expression of the myogenic regulatory factors. Here, we provide a deep characterization of their role in distinct mouse developmental territories. We showed, at the hypaxial level, that the Six1:Six4 double knockout (dKO) somitic precursor cells adopt a smooth muscle fate and lose their myogenic identity. At the epaxial level, we demonstrated by the analysis of Six quadruple KO (qKO) embryos, that SIX are required for fetal myogenesis, and for the maintenance of PAX7+ progenitor cells, which differentiated prematurely and are lost by the end of fetal development in qKO embryos. Finally, we showed that Six1 and Six2 are required to establish craniofacial myogenesis by controlling the expression of Myf5. We have thus described an unknown role for SIX proteins in the control of myogenesis at different embryonic levels and refined their involvement in the genetic cascades operating at the head level and in the genesis of myogenic stem cells.
Can eraDOCator-60 Decrease MDRs and HAIs? An Evaluation of the Efficacy of eraDOCator-60 in a Randomized Clinical Trial in a Community Hospital.

ABSTRACT Background: There is a significant transmission of contaminants in the healthcare setting. Daily disinfection utilizing ammonium and chlorine-based products can lead to adverse health effects such as asthma, cancer, and other serious health issues. Methods: This study evaluated the effectiveness of eraDOCator-60 in a health care facility. This randomized trial took place at Copley Hospital in Morristown, Vermont. Separate areas of the hospital were cleaned and disinfected in one step with eraDOCator-60. A Charm analyzer was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of disinfection before and after 1 minute application of eraDOCator-60. The Charm analyzer detects Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) presence measured in Relative Light Units (RLUs). Results: The median number of RLUs decreased from 52,874 s to 0 RLUs after one-minute eraDOCator-60 dwell time in the emergency room; 18.611 RLUs to 0 RLUs in the medical-surgical unit, 41,507 RLUs to 0 RLUs in the cafeteria; 24,932 RLUs to 0 RLUs in the birthing center. Conclusions: EraDOCator-60 reduced contamination levels on all surfaces in the acute care setting down to a value of zero following a 1-minute dwell time in less than 5% soil load. Keywords: Healthcare workers, infection prevention, healthcare associated infection prevention
Facial Expression Recognition using Local Gabor Gradient Code-Horizontal Diagonal Descriptor

In this paper, we propose a novel method for facial expression recognition based on the combination of using Gabor filters and Local Gradient Code-Horizontal Diagonal (LGC-HD) features to generate the Local Gabor Gradient Code-Horizontal Diagonal (LGGC-HD) descriptor. In this approach, we firstly extract the Gabor Features Map (GFM) by convolving the facial image with three scales and eight orientations of the Kernel Gabor Filters (KGFs). We then apply the LGC-HD on each image in the GFM in order to increase the gradient information features to obtain the LGGC-HD descriptor. Histogram sequence concatenation is then applied to the LGGC-HD descriptor to represent the facial image after dividing it into a number of nonoverlapping blocks. Finally, the Chi-square distance is employed to classify the different emotions. To increase the recognition rate and reduce the classifier time, a weighted mask is adopted, in which specific regions in the face were labelled such as eye, eyebrow and mouth with higher weights than other regions. Comparison results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method against other methods that utilized different approaches for describing the histogram sequence features such as Local Gabor Binary Pattern (LGBP). Experimental results on the JAFFE and CK databases showed high recognition rate of 93.33% and 90.62%, respectively.
Prevention of cleft lip and/or palate in A/J mice by licorice solution

Cleft lip and/or palate anomalies (CL ± P) are the most frequent birth defects affecting the orofacial region in humans. Although their etiology remains unclear, the involvement of environmental and genetic risk factors is known. This observational study aimed to investigate how the use of crude drugs with estrogen activity influenced an animal model's ability to prevent CL ± P. A/J mice were randomly divided into six experimental groups. Five of these groups consumed a drink containing crude drug licorice root extract, with the following weights attributed to each group: 3 g in group I, 6 g in group II, 7.5 g in group III, 9 g in group IV, and 12 g in group V, whereas a control group consumed tap water. The effect of licorice extract was examined for fetal mortality and fetal orofacial cleft development compared to the control group. The rates for fetal mortality were 11.28%, 7.41%, 9.18%, 4.94%, and 7.90% in groups I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively, compared to 13.51% in the control group. There were no significant differences in the mean weight of alive fetuses in all five groups compared to the control group (0.63 ± 0.12). Group IV showed the lowest orafacial cleft occurrence of 3.20% (8 fetuses) with statistical significance (p = 0.0048) out of 268 live fetuses, whereas the control group had the occurrence of 8.75% (42 fetuses) among 480 live fetuses. Our study showed that the dried licorice root extract may reduce orofacial birth defects in experimental animal studies.
BTCRSleep: a boundary temporal context refinement-based fully convolutional network for sleep staging with single-channel EEG

Objective. Sleep staging studies on single-channel EEG mainly exploit deep learning methods that combine convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks. However, when typical brain waves (such as K-complexes or sleep spindles) that identify sleep stages span two epochs, the abstract process of a CNN extracting features from each sleep stage may cause the loss of boundary context information. This study attempts to capture the boundary context, which contains the characteristics of brain waves during sleep stage transition, to improve the performance of sleep staging. Approach. In this paper we propose a fully convolutional network with boundary temporal context refinement, called BTCRSleep (Boundary Temporal Context Refinement Sleep). The boundary temporal context refinement module refines the boundary information on sleep stages on the basis of extracting multi-scale temporal dependences between epochs and enhances the abstract capability of the boundary temporal context. In addition, we design a class-aware data augmentation method to effectively learn the boundary temporal context between the minority class and other sleep stages. Main results. We evaluate the performance of our proposed network using four public datasets: the 2013 version of Sleep-EDF Expanded (SEDF), the 2018 version of Sleep-EDF Expanded (SEDFX), the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) and CAP Sleep Database (CAP). The evaluation results on the four datasets showed that our model obtains the best total accuracy and kappa score compared with state-of-the-art methods. On average, accuracies of 84.9% in SEDF, 82.9% in SEDFX, 85.2% in SHHS and 76.9% in CAP are obtained under subject-independent cross-validation. We demonstrate that the boundary temporal context contributes to the improvement in capturing the temporal dependences across different epochs.
Remote Administration of ADHD-Sensitive Cognitive Tasks: A Pilot Study

Objective: We assessed the feasibility and validity of remote researcher-led administration and self-administration of modified versions of two cognitive tasks sensitive to ADHD, a four-choice reaction time task (Fast task) and a combined Continuous Performance Test/Go No-Go task (CPT/GNG), through a new remote measurement technology system. Method: We compared the cognitive performance measures (mean and variability of reaction times (MRT, RTV), omission errors (OE) and commission errors (CE)) at a remote baseline researcher-led administration and three remote self-administration sessions between participants with and without ADHD (n = 40). Results: The most consistent group differences were found for RTV, MRT and CE at the baseline researcher-led administration and the first self-administration, with 8 of the 10 comparisons statistically significant and all comparisons indicating medium to large effect sizes. Conclusion: Remote administration of cognitive tasks successfully captured the difficulties with response inhibition and regulation of attention, supporting the feasibility and validity of remote assessments.
Enhanced Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in internet gaming disorder

Abstract Background and aims The Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) effect is a phenomenon that Pavlovian conditioned cues that could influence one's instrumental behavior. In several substance and behavioral addictions, such as tobacco use disorder and gambling disorder, addiction-related cues could promote independently trained instrumental drug-seeking/drug-taking behaviors, indicating a specific PIT effect. However, it is unclear whether Internet gaming disorder (IGD) would show a similar change in PIT effects as other addictions. The study aimed to explore the specific PIT effects in IGD. Methods We administrated a PIT task to individuals with IGD (n = 40) and matched health controls (HCs, n = 50), and compared the magnitude of specific PIT effects between the two groups. The severity of the IGD symptoms was assessed by the Chinese version 9-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale (IGDS) and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results We found that: (1) related to the HCs group, the IGD group showed enhanced specific PITgame effects, where gaming-related cues lead to an increased choice rate of gaming-related responses; (2) in the IGD group, the magnitude of specific PITgame effects were positively correlated with IAT scores (rho = 0.39, p = 0.014). Discussion and Conclusions Individuals with IGD showed enhanced specific PIT effects related to HCs, which were associated with the severity of addictive symptoms. Our results highlighted the incentive salience of gaming-related cues in IGD.
DYNAMIC GRASP ANALYSIS AND PROFILING OF GAZEBO

vi 1. BACKGROUND . 1 1.1 Related Work of Grasp Analysis . 3 1.1.1 Static Grasp Analysis . 3 1.1.2 Dynamic Grasp Analysis . 4 1.2 Related Work of Profiling . 5 1.3 Outline . 5 2. INTRODUCTION . 6 2.1 Basic Concepts . 6 2.1.1 Grasping . 6 2.1.2 Static Grasp Analysis . 6 2.1.3 Dynamic Grasp Analysis . 6 2.1. 4 Wrench and Wrench Space . 6 2.1. 5 Force Closure . 7 2.1. 6 Joint Parameters . 8 2.1. 7 Inverse Kinematics . 8 2.1. 8 Gazebo and ODE . 9 2.1. 9 ROS . 9 2.1.10 OProfile . 9 2.1.11 DRC(DARPA Robotics Challenge) . 10 2.1.12 Rigid Multibody Dynamics Simulation . 10 2.1.13 LCP . 11 2.2 Motivation . 12 2.3 Summary of Current Work and Results . 13 2.3. 1 Dynamic Grasp Analysis . 13 2.3. 2 Profiling of Gazebo and ODE . 14