Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techniques to cool and rotate Bose-Einstein condensates in time-averaged adiabatic potentials

We report two novel techniques for cooling and rotating Bose-Einstein condensates in a dilute rubidium vapour that highlight the control and versatility afforded over cold atom systems by time-averaged adiabatic potentials (TAAPs). The intrinsic loss channel of the TAAP has been successfully employed to evaporatively cool a sample of trapped atoms to quantum degeneracy. The speed and efficiency of this process compares well with that of conventional forced rf-evaporation. In an independent experiment, we imparted angular momentum to a cloud of atoms forming a Bose-Einstein condensate by introducing a rotating elliptical deformation to the TAAP geometry. Triangular lattices of up to 60 vortices were created. All findings reported herein result from straightforward adjustments of the magnetic fields that give rise to the TAAP.
Analysis of the Anaerobic Power Output, Dynamic Stability, Lower Limb Strength, and Power of Elite Soccer Players Based on Their Field Position

Soccer players require a high degree of aerobic and anaerobic fitness to perform well throughout the game as per their position in the field. This study aimed to investigate the differences in anaerobic power output, dynamic stability, lower limb strength, and power among elite soccer players based on their field position. A cross-sectional population of 96 elite soccer players with average age 23.10 ± 4.35 years, weight 69.99 ± 9.71 kg, height 174.84 ± 6.64 cm, and body mass index 22.84 ± 2.39 kg/m2 from various soccer clubs in Saudi Arabia was tested for their anaerobic power output, dynamic stability, lower limb strength, and power performance. All the participants have more than 4 years of experience in competitive soccer events. Tests included a measure of single-leg vertical jump, star excursion balance test, and single-leg triple hop test for distance. The players were divided into four groups (goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and attackers) based on their self-reported position on the field. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences between all variables according to the players’ position. In addition, partial eta-squared (ηp2) was used to report effect sizes. The results revealed significant differences between positions in the anaerobic power output (p = 0.012, ηp2 = 0.312), dynamic stability {Anterior (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.235), Anteromedial (p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.622), Anterolateral (p = 0.011, ηp2 = 0.114)}, and lower limb strength, and power (p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.421). At the same time, goalkeepers’ performance was significantly superior to midfielders (p = 0.006) in the anaerobic power output. In addition, lower limb strength and power was significantly higher (p = 0.004) for goalkeepers than for midfielders, with a similar trend in dynamic stability (p = 0.007). These results exhibited differences in anaerobic power output, dynamic stability, lower limb strength, and power performance based on the players’ positions. The investigation may assist the practitioner in designing training programs for the players according to their position for performance improvement.
A needlet internal linear combination analysis of WMAP 7-year data: estimation of CMB temperature map and power spectrum

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite has provided high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio maps of the sky in five main frequency bands ranging from 23 to 94 GHz. These maps consist in noisy observations, a mixture of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and of other astrophysical foreground emissions. We present a new foreground-cleaned CMB map, as well as a new estimation of the angular power spectrum of CMB temperature anisotropies, based on 7 years of observations of the sky by WMAP. The method used to extract the CMB signal is based on an implementation of minimum variance linear combination of WMAP channels and of external full-sky foreground maps on a frame of spherical wavelets called needlets. The use of spherical needlets makes possible localized filtering both in pixel space and harmonic space, so that the internal linear combination (ILC) weights are adjusted as a function of location on the sky and of angular scale. Our CMB power spectrum estimate is computed using cross-power spectra between CMB maps obtained from different individual years of observation. The CMB power spectrum is corrected for low-level biases originating from the ILC method and foreground residual emissions, by making use of realistic simulations of the whole analysis pipeline. Our error bars, compatible with those obtained by the WMAP collaboration, are obtained from the combination of two terms: the internal scatter of individual Cl in each l bin, and a term originating from uncertainties in our correction for biases due to empirical correlations between CMB and foregrounds, as well as to residual foregrounds in the CMB maps. Our power spectrum is essentially compatible, within error bars, with the result obtained by the WMAP collaboration, although it is systematically lower at the lowest multipoles, more than expected considering that the two estimates are based on the same original data. Exhaustive investigations of the presence of a possible bias in our estimate fail to explain the difference. Comparison with several other analyses confirms the existence of differences in the large-scale CMB power, which are significant enough that until the origin of this discrepancy is understood, some caution is recommended in scientific work relying much on the exact value of the CMB power spectrum in the Sachs-Wolfe plateau.
Correlation between the line width and the line flux of the double-peaked broad Hα of 3C390.3

In this paper, we carefully check the correlation between the line width (second moment) and the line flux of the double-peaked broad H alpha of the well-known mapped active galactic nucleus (AGN) 3C390.3 in order to show some further distinctions between double-peaked emitters and normal broad-line AGN. Based on the virialization assumption M-BH proportional to R-BLR x V-2(BLR) and the empirical relation R-BLR proportional to L-similar to 0.5, one strong negative correlation between the line width and the line flux of the double-peaked broad lines should be expected for 3C390.3, such as the negative correlation confirmed for the mapped broad-line object NGC5548, R-BLR x V-2(BLR) proportional to L-similar to 0.5 x sigma(2) = constant. Moreover, based on the public spectra around 1995 from the AGN WATCH project for 3C390.3, one reliable positive correlation is found between the line width and the line flux of the double-peaked broad H alpha. In the context of the proposed theoretical accretion disc model for double-peaked emitters, the unexpected positive correlation can be naturally explained, due to different time delays for the inner and outer parts of the disc-like broad-line region (BLR) of 3C390.3. Moreover, the virialization assumption is checked and found to be still available for 3C390.3. However, the time-varying size of the BLR of 3C390.3 cannot be expected by the empirical relation R-BLR proportional to L-similar to 0.5. In other words, the mean size of the BLR of 3C390.3 can be estimated by the continuum luminosity (line luminosity), while the continuum emission strengthening leads to the size of BLR decreasing (not increasing) in different moments for 3C390.3. Then, we compared our results of 3C390.3 with the previous results reported in the literature for the other double-peaked emitters, and found that before to clearly correct the effects from disc physical parameters varying (such as the effects of disc precession) for long-term observed line spectra, it is not so meaningful to discuss the correlation of the line parameters of double-peaked broad lines. Furthermore, due to the probable 'external' ionizing source with so far unclear structures, it is hard to give one conclusion that the positive correlation between the line width and the line flux can be found for all double-peaked emitters, even after the considerations of disc physical parameters varying. However, once one positive correlation of broad-line parameters is found, the accretion disc origination of the broad line should be considered first.
Microlensing variability in the gravitationally lensed quasar Q2237+0305 = the Einstein Cross

We present the results of the first long-term (2.2 years) spectroscopic monitoring of a gravitationally lensed quasar, namely the Einstein Cross Q2237+0305. We spatially deconvolve deep VLT/FORS1 spectra to accurately separate the spectrum of the lensing galaxy from the spectra of the quasar images. Accurate cross-calibration of the observations at 31 epochs from October 2004 to December 2006 is carried out using foreground stars observed simultaneously with the quasar. The quasar spectra are further decomposed into a continuum component and several broad emission lines. We find prominent microlensing events in the quasar images A and B, while images C and D are almost quiescent on a timescale of a few months. The strongest variations are observed in the continuum, and their amplitude is larger in the blue than in the red, consistent with microlensing of an accretion disk. Variations in the intensity and profile of the broad emission lines are also reported, most prominently in the wings of the CIII] and in the center of the CIV emission lines. During a strong microlensing episode observed in quasar image A, the broad component of the CIII] is more magnified than the narrow component. In addition, the emission lines with higher ionization potentials are more magnified than the lines with lower ionization potentials, consistent with the stratification of the broad line region (BLR) infered from reverberation mapping observations.
Ionized bubble number count as a probe of non-Gaussianity

The number count of ionized bubbles on a map of 21-cm fluctuations with the primordial non-Gaussianity is investigated. The existence of the primordial non-Gaussianity modifies the re-ionization process, because the formation of collapsed objects, which could be the source of re-ionization photons, is affected by the primordial non-Gaussianity. In this paper, the abundance of ionized bubbles is calculated by using a simple analytic model with the local type of the primordial non-Gaussianity, which is parametrized by f NL . In order to take into account the dependence of the number count on the size of ionized bubbles and the resolution of the observation instrument, a threshold parameter B b which is related to the the surface brightness temperature contrast of an ionized bubble is introduced. We show the potential to put the constraint on f NL from the number count by future observations such as Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and Square Kilometre Array (SKA). © 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS.
Factors Influencing Cortisol Concentrations in Breastmilk and Its Associations with Breastmilk Composition and Infant Development in the First Six Months of Lactation

Previous studies provided contradictory results regarding the influence of maternal, seasonal, and infant factors on breastmilk cortisol, and its associations with breastmilk composition and infant development. This study aimed to assess breastmilk cortisol levels at the first, third, and sixth months of lactation and evaluate the associations with maternal psychosocial, seasonal, and infant factors, breastmilk composition, and infant anthropometric and psychomotor development and temperament. Cortisol concentrations were assessed by ELISA in 24 h breastmilk samples obtained from 38 healthy mothers. Maternal psychological status was assessed by EPDS and PSS-10 and infant psychomotor development was assessed using the Children’s Development Scale (DSR). Breastmilk cortisol was 11.2 ± 6.2, 11.2 ± 4.3, and 12.7 ± 6.2 ng/mL at the first, third, and sixth months of lactation (p > 0.05), respectively. In the spring-summer season, we observed lower and higher levels of cortisol in the first and sixth months of lactation (p ≤ 0.05), respectively, but no other associations were detected regarding maternal or infant characteristics. In the third month of lactation, cortisol was related to breastmilk crude protein (β = 0.318, 0.007–0.630) and infant BMI z-score before adjustment for infant birthweight and sex (Model 2: β = 0.359, 0.021–0.697), but no other associations with breastmilk composition, infant development, or temperament were confirmed. Our results indicated that breastmilk cortisol is unrelated to maternal and infant factors and has limited influence on breastmilk crude protein, but not on infant anthropometric and psychomotor development.
One-Way Search Algorithm for Route Planning With Multiple Requests

Multirequest route planning (MRRP) based on user demand is an active location-based service in point-of-interest (POI) networks. The goal of MRRP is to plan the shortest route that meets the requests specified by the user. However, because MRRP is an NP-hard problem, most existing methods involve the use of greedy search in the planning of approximate routes, leaving much room for improvement in route quality. Therefore, in this study, an anytime algorithm called one-way search (OWS) was proposed to efficiently solve MRRP queries. OWS integrates branch-and-bound and greedy search. It not only helped rapidly detect an accepted route but also allowed for more optimal routes to be iteratively generated until the most optimal route was identified. OWS has three pruning mechanisms named Filter, Potential, and Petrifaction and three operations named Wilting, Selection, and Reverse Update to avoid unnecessary searches and improve search efficiency. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of MRRP queries that investigates both optimal route planning and searching efficiency. The experimental results obtained on real-world POI datasets indicated that OWS outperformed state-of-the-art anytime algorithms in terms of quality and efficiency.
Rheology, Structure and Dynamics of Colloid-Polymer Mixtures: from Liquids to Gels

We investigated the viscoelastic properties of colloid-polymer mixtures at intermediate colloid volume fraction and varying polymer concentrations, thereby tuning the attractive interactions. Within the examined range of polymer concentrations, the samples ranged from fluids to gels. Already in the liquid phase the viscoelastic properties significantly changed when approaching the gelation boundary, indicating the formation of clusters and transient networks. This is supported by an increasing correlation length of the density fluctuations, observed by static light scattering and microscopy. At the same time, the correlation function determined by dynamic light scattering completely decays, indicating the absence of dynamical arrest. Upon increasing the polymer concentration beyond the gelation boundary, the rheological properties changed qualitatively again, now they are consistent with the formation of colloidal gels. Our experimental results, namely the location of the gelation boundary as well as the elastic (storage) and viscous (loss) moduli, are compared to different theoretical models. These include consideration of the escape time as well as predictions for the viscoelastic moduli based on scaling relations and Mode Coupling Theories (MCT).
An Examination of Longitudinal Changes in Korean Middle School Students’ Psychological Health According to Their Body Mass Index and Weekly Exercise Hours

Background : It is necessary for adolescents to maintain proper body mass index (BMI) and regular exercise for proper growth, development, and psychological health. Existing studies have demonstrated the significant positive effect of regular physical activity or exercise on preventing socio-psychological problems and cognitive body image issues in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal changes in psychological health factors of mental health, self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy according to BMI and weekly exercise hours among Korean middle school students. Methods : Cohort data were obtained from the Gyeonggi Institute of Education for three years (2015–2017), and a total of 16,027 data points were analyzed. We performed a repeated-measures analysis of variance (3 grades × 4 body mass index groups × 5 weekly exercise hours groups) using SPSS software (version 21.0, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) for data analysis. Results : The results obtained through the analysis are as follows. As school grades rose among Korean middle school students, psychological health factors such as mental health, self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy decreased. And the deterioration of psychological health factors showed lower positive results for normal and underweight students than for over-weight and obese students. Students with a lot of exercise time every week showed a lower decrease in psychological health factors. Conclusions : The results suggest that education for health promotion, considering body mass index and daytime exercise, is necessary to prevent the deterioration of psychological health factors in Korean middle school students.
Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger vacuum in loop quantum gravity and singularity resolution

We study here a complete quantization of a Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger vacuum model following loop quantum gravity techniques. Concretely, we adopt a formulation of the model in terms of a set of new variables that resemble the ones commonly employed in spherically symmetric loop quantum gravity. The classical theory consists of two pairs of canonical variables plus a scalar and diffeomorphism (first class) constraints. We consider a suitable redefinition of the Hamiltonian constraint such that the new constraint algebra (with structure constants) is well adapted to the Dirac quantization approach. For it, we adopt a polymeric representation for both the geometry and the dilaton field. On the one hand, we find a suitable invariant domain of the scalar constraint operator, and we construct explicitly its solution space. There, the eigenvalues of the dilaton and the metric operators cannot vanish locally, allowing us to conclude that singular geometries are ruled out in the quantum theory. On the other hand, the physical Hilbert space is constructed out of them, after group averaging the previous states with the diffeomorphism constraint. In turn, we identify the standard observable corresponding to the mass of the black hole at the boundary, in agreement with the classical theory. We also construct an additional observable on the bulk associated with the square of the dilaton field, with no direct classical analog.
SHOCK BREAKOUT DRIVEN BY THE REMNANT OF A NEUTRON STAR BINARY MERGER: AN X-RAY PRECURSOR OF MERGERNOVA EMISSION

A supra-massive neutron star (NS) spinning extremely rapidly could survive from a merger of an NS-NS binary. The spin-down of this remnant NS that is highly magnetized could power the isotropic merger ejecta to produce a bright mergernova emission in the ultraviolet/optical bands. Before the mergernova, the early interaction between the NS wind and the ejecta could drive a forward shock propagating outward into the ejecta. As a result, a remarkable amount of heat can be accumulated behind the shock front and the final escape of this heat could produce a shock breakout emission. We describe the dynamics and thermal emission of this shock with a semi-analytical model. It is found that a few hours after the merger, by leading the mergernova emission as a precursor, sharp and luminous breakout emission appears mainly in soft X-rays, with a luminosity of ∼ 10 45 erg s − 1 ? > . Therefore, the detection of such an X-ray precursor could provide evidence for identifying NS-powered mergernovae and distinguishing them from radioactivity-powered novae (i.e., kilonovae or macronovae). The discovery of NS-powered mergernovae could finally help to confirm the gravitational wave signals due to the mergers and the existence of supra-massive NSs.
Relationship Between Valence and Arousal for Subjective Experience in a Real-life Setting for Supportive Housing Residents: Results From an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study

Background The circumplex model of affect posits that valence and arousal are the principal dimensions of affect. The center of the 2D space represents a neutral state of valence and a medium state of arousal. The role of valence and arousal in human emotion has been studied extensively. However, no consistent relationship between valence and arousal has been established. Most of the prior studies investigating the relationship have been conducted in relatively controlled laboratory settings. Objective Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of affect from participants residing in permanent supportive housing was used to study the relationship between valence and arousal in real-life settings. The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between valence and arousal in a person’s natural environment. Methods Participants were recruited from housing agencies in Fort Worth, Texas, United States. All participants had a history of chronic homelessness and reported at least one mental health condition. A subset of participants completed daily (morning) EMAs of emotions and other behaviors. The sample comprised 78 women and 77 men, and the average age was 52 (SD 8) years. From the circumplex model of affect, the EMA included 9 questions related to the participant’s current emotional state (happy, frustrated, sad, worried, restless, excited, calm, bored, and sluggish). The responses were used to calculate 2 composite scores for valence and arousal. Results Statistical models uniformly showed a dominant linear relation between valence and arousal and a significant difference in the slopes among races. None of the other effects were statistically significant. Compared with previous studies, the effects were quite robust. Conclusions Our findings may provide a window to the fundamental structure of affect. We found a strong positive linear relationship between valence and arousal at the nomothetic level, which may provide insight into a universal structure of affect. However, the study needs to be replicated for different populations to determine whether our findings can be generalized beyond the population studied here.
Lubin-tate deformation spaces and (Phigamma-modules

Jean-Marc Fontaine has shown that there exists an equivalence of categories between the category of continuous $\mathbb{Z}_p$-representations of a given Galois group and the category of \'{e}tale $(\phi,\Gamma)$-modules over a certain ring. This work attempts to answer the question of whether there exists a theory of $(\phi,\Gamma)$-modules for the Lubin-Tate tower. We construct this tower via the rings $R_n$ which parametrize deformations of level $n$ of a given formal module. One can choose prime elements $\pi_n$ in each ring $R_n$ in a compatible way, and consider the tower of fields $(K'_n)_n$ obtained by localizing at $\pi_n$, completing, and passing to fraction fields. By taking the compositum $K_n = K_0 K'_n$ of each field with a certain unramified extension $K_0$ of the base field $K'_0$ one obtains a tower of fields $(K_n)_n$ which is strictly deeply ramified in the sense of Anthony Scholl. This is a first step towards showing that there exists a theory of $(\phi,\Gamma)$-modules for this tower.