Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TIMMI2 ESO's Thermal Infrared Multimode Instrument: Technical Description and Some Scientific Results

TIMMI2 ESO's 2nd generation Thermal Infrared Multimode Instrument had astronomical first light in October 2000 at the 3.6 m telescope on La Silla, Chile. Since February 2001 it is in regular use, both by visiting astronomers and in service mode, typically one third of the total telescope time. Using a Raytheon 240 x 320 pixel As:Si-BIB detector allows imaging and grism spectroscopy between 5 and 24 μm. TIMMI2 has also a linear polarimetry mode. We will give a description of the instrument from technical to operational aspects. Because of the substantial gain in sensitivity as compared to previous generation instruments a new set of infrared calibration standards has been constructed. The instrument and telescope are subject of an ongoing sensitivity monitoring program enabling to improve the sensitivity while allowing to spot the development of problems immediately. For stellar objects the sensitivity 10 σ in 1 hour of telescope time is in the range of 15 - 30 mJy. TIMMI2 at the telescope shows negligible flexure (≤ 0.2") while having basically diffraction limited performance for λ ≥ 8 μm.
Occurrence of Coliforms in Microplastic Associated
Biofilm in Estuarine Ecosystem

Coliforms and microplastic pollution are major issues prevailing in the estuarine ecosystem. At present, the Adyar river in Chennai, Tamil Nadu is under threat due to sewage disposal and solid waste dumping. In the present investigation surface water samples were collected from five sampling locations and analyzed for coliforms, microplastics (MPs), and the development of biofilm. The maximum coliform population of 75±6-228±12 MPN/100mL was observed during the pre-monsoon period. The MP content was in the range of 90-230 particles /L, 70-210 particles/L, and 90-190 particles/L for pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and summer seasons respectively. The development of black crystalline colonies on Congo Red Agar (CRA) medium explained the occurrence of biofilm in the study area. Further, biofilm formation was higher during summer when compared with that of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The plastic particles collected from the sampling locations were having rough surfaces. More bacterial colonies were observed on polyethylene (PE) MPs when compared with that of polyamide (PA) and Nylon under laboratory conditions.
Interaction of a nonuniform solar wind with the local interstellar medium

Results from a fully time dependent three-dimensional gasdynamic model of the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium are presented. Both subsonic and supersonic interstellar winds are considered, while the mediating effects of interstellar neutrals, magnetic fields, and cosmic rays are ignored. In accord with solar minimum observations by Ulysses, the solar wind properties are assumed to depend on heliolatitude. Two large, long-lived polar coronal holes, one in the northern and the other in the southern hemisphere, are assumed to produce a hot, low-density, high-speed wind which bounds a cooler, higher-density, low-speed ecliptic wind. The solar wind boundary conditions for the simulation are drawn directly from published Ulysses data [Phillips et al., 1995, 1996]. Results from these calculations are compared to simulations which adopt isotropic solar wind conditions. For the parameters used in these simulations (which correspond to a solar wind ram pressure increase of 1.5 from the ecliptic plane to solar pole), the termination shock is found to be elongated along the solar polar axis and weakly time dependent. The elongation results in an increased flow in the ecliptic plane compared to that over the solar poles. With the increased flow in the ecliptic plane comes enhanced pressure and density gradients which leads to the generation and amplification of turbulent vortices in the heliotail. The rotational axes of the heliotail vortices are perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. Overall, it is found that a modest increase in solar wind ram pressure with heliolatitude has a pronounced effect on the global structure of the termination shock and heliopause.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Property of Barium Titanate Single Crystals with Engineered Domain Configurations

Piezoelectric properties of barium titanate single crystals were investigated at room temperature as a function of crystallographic orientation. When a unipolar electric field was applied along [001], its strain vs electric-field curve showed a large hysteresis, and finally barium titanate crystal became to single-domain state with piezoelectric constant d33 of 125 pC/N over 20 kV/cm. On the other hand, electric-field exposure below 6 kV/cm along [111] resulted in a high d33 of 203 pC/N and a hysteresis-free strain vs electric-field behavior, which suggested the formation of an engineered domain configuration in a tetragonal barium titanate crystal. Moreover, when an electric field over 6 kV/cm was applied along [111], two discontinuous changes were observed in its strain vs electric-field curve. In situ domain observation and Raman measurement under an electric field suggested an electric-field-induced phase transition from tetragonal to monoclinic at around 10 kV/cm, and that from monoclinic to rhombohedral at around 30 kV/cm. Moreover, in a monoclinic barium titanate crystal, electric-field exposure along [111] resulted in the formation of another new engineered domain configuration with d33 of 295 pC/N.
Spatial–Spectral Split Attention Residual Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

In the past few years, many convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied to hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. However, many of them have the following drawbacks: they do not fully consider the abundant band spectral information and insufficiently extract the spatial information of HSI; all bands and neighboring pixels are treated equally, so CNNs may learn features from redundant or useless bands/pixels; and a significant amount of hidden semantic information is lost when a single-scale convolution kernel is used in CNNs. To alleviate these problems, we propose a spatial–spectral split attention residual networks (S$^{3}$ARN) for HSI classification. In S$^{3}$ARN, a split attention strategy is used to fuse the features extracted from multireceptive fields, in which both spectral and spatial split attention modules are composed of bottleneck residual blocks. Thanks to the bottleneck structure, the proposed method can effectively prevent overfitting, speeds up the model training, and reduces the network parameters. Moreover, the spectral and spatial attention residual branches aim to generate the attention masks, which can simultaneously emphasize useful bands and neighbor pixels and suppress useless ones. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model for HSI classification.
On the coupling between a supersonic turbulent boundary layer and a flexible structure

A mathematical model and a computer code have been developed to fully couple the vibration of an aircraft fuselage panel to the surrounding flow field, turbulent boundary layer and acoustic fluid. The turbulent boundary layer model is derived using a triple decomposition of the flow variables and applying a conditional averaging to the resulting equations. Linearized panel and acoustic equations are used. Results from this model are in good agreement with existing experimental and numerical data. It is shown that in the supersonic regime, full coupling of the flexible panel leads to lower response and radiation from the panel. This is believed to be due to an increase in acoustic damping on the panel in this regime. Increasing the Mach number increases the acoustic damping, which is in agreement with earlier work.
An Open Source Multi-Modal Data-Acquisition Platform for Experimental Investigation of Blended Control of Scale Vehicles

Currently many autonomous vehicles require a person to monitor the system and take over when an unexpected or unusual event occurs. A person may be able to monitor multiple such vehicles but a question arises as to how many, and how to measure the cognitive requirements. Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) operating passively could aid in assisting remote operators in such tasks but there is as yet significant research to be undertaken before such technology becomes robust and effective. To this end we describe a platform for acquisition of multi-modal data for passive hybrid Brain Computer Interface (phBCI) development purposes. The open source system integrates electroencephalography (EEG), computer vision and a wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) along with timestamped event markers for a subject engaged in a set of driving-related tasks as applied to blended control of multiple vehicles. The vehicular control task is realised both with graded complexity simulations and physical scale autonomous vehicles. This platform has the following significant advantages: reduced experimental variability due to data acquisition system implementation decisions; ease of reproduction of experiments through shareable configuration information; and acceleration of open science dataset accumulation. Consequently this freely available open source platform has the potential to enhance the reproducibility of passive hybrid BCI experimental research.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Vegetable and Field Crops under Drought, Salinity and Weeds Stresses: Control Strategies and Management

Weeds are one of the most damaging biotic stresses in crop production, and drought and salinity are considered the most serious abiotic stresses. These factors harmfully affect growth and development in several vegetable and field crops by causing harmful effects on physiological and biochemical characteristics such as water uptake, photosynthesis, relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and antioxidant compounds linked with oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These oxidative stress-related components affect most physiological and biochemical characteristics in plants under natural conditions and environmental stresses, especially weed infestation, salinity, and drought stress. ROS such as superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxyl radical (ROO•), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are very important molecules produced naturally as by-products of metabolic processes in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the apoplast. Under stress conditions such as weed infestation, drought and salinity, the morphological and yield characteristics of stressed plants are negatively affected; however, superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are significantly increased. The negative impact of weeds can be mitigated with integrated controls which include herbicides, allelopathy, and crop rotation as well as the different methods for weed control. The defense system in various crops mainly depends on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. The enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and catalase; nonenzymatic antioxidants include ascorbic acid, carotenoids, α-Tocopherols, proline, glutathione, phenolics, and flavonoids. These antioxidant components can scavenge various ROS under several stresses, particularly weeds, drought and salinity. In this review, our objective is to shed light on integrated weeds management and plant tolerance to salinity and drought stresses associated with the ROS and the induction of antioxidant components to increase plant growth and yield in the vegetable and field crops.
New polymorph of HfMo 2 O 8 synthesized using a high-pressure and high-temperature toroid anvil setup

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new polymorph (β ) of HfMo 2 O 8 . This phase is synthesized from the trigonal (a) HfMo 2 O 8 by application of high pressures and high temperatures. The sample obtained is characterized by powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) and the details of high-pressure and high-temperature phase are explained. The Rietveld analysis of the powder XRD data reveals that the β -HfMo 2 O 8 crystallizes in a monoclinic lattice with unit cell parameters a=11.4138(6), b=7.9105(4), c=7.4395(3), and β =122.35(0)° . The β -HfMo 2 O 8 is found to be isostructural to the room-temperature phase of β -ZrMo 2 O 8 . The coordination numbers of Hf and Mo atoms with oxygen atoms are eight and five, respectively. The nature and sharing of Hf and Mo polyhedra are entirely different in β modification compared to that in the α phase.
On the electrostatic deceleration of argon atoms in high Rydberg states by time-dependent inhomogeneous electric fields

Argon atoms in a pulsed supersonic expansion are prepared in selected Stark components of Rydberg states with effective principal quantum number in the range n* = 15–25. When traversing regions of inhomogeneous electric fields, these atoms get accelerated or decelerated depending on whether the Stark states are low- or high-field seeking states. Using a compact electrode design, which enables the application of highly inhomogeneous and time-dependent electric fields, the Rydberg atoms experience kinetic energy changes of up to 1.2 × 10−21 J (i.e. 60 cm−1 in spectroscopic units) in a single acceleration/deceleration stage of 3 mm length. The resulting differences in the velocities of the low- and high-field seeking states are large enough that the corresponding distributions of times of flight to the Rydberg particle detector are fully separated. As a result, efficient spectral searches of the Rydberg states best suited for acceleration/deceleration experiments are possible. Numerical simulations of the particle trajectories are used to analyse the time-of-flight distributions and to optimize the time dependence of the inhomogeneous electric fields. The decay of the Rydberg states by fluorescence, collisions and transitions induced by black-body radiation takes place on a timescale long enough not to interfere significantly with the deceleration during the first ∼5 µs.
Information in sonar echoes of fluttering insects available for echolocating bats

Insects were mounted in the acoustical beam of an ultrasonic loudspeaker transmitting either an 80‐kHz continuous constant frequency (CF) tone or a short frequency‐modulated (FM) signal (82–18 kHz). The returning CF or FM echoes were recorded and analyzed. Short amplitude peaks or amplitude glints, which occur in the echo in the rhythm of the wing beat, are produced each time some part of the wing surface moves into a plane perpendicular to the impinging sound waves. The amplitude glints are represented in spectrograms of echoes as transitory spectral broadenings or frequency glints. In CF echoes, the composition of positive and negative frequency shifts associated with glints encode the attitude of the flying insect relative to the sound source independent of the insect species. Further information in CF echoes allows a classification of insects as to wing beat frequency, wing structure, wing beat type, wing length, and insect size. Only the wing beat rate of a fluttering insect could be decoded from FM .
Facilitating Personal Recovery Through Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among People With Mental Illness

Purpose: This pre-pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI, “REMIND1.0”) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Twenty mental health service users were allocated to either 8 weekly mixed-mode MBI (n = 10) or treatment-as-usual (TAU) (n = 10). Results: There were significant interactions between group and time (baseline T0, post-intervention T1, and 1-month follow-up T2) across all quantitative outcomes (personal recovery, trait mindfulness, self-compassion, resilience, moods, quality of life, and general health). The main themes that emerged from qualitative interviews at T1 are previous experience with MBIs, features of current MBI, and benefits of personal recovery and at T2 are recollection of MBI content, maintaining regular practice after MBI, and retained benefits of personal recovery. Conclusions: The current MBI is acceptable, feasible, and potentially effective in facilitating personal recovery.
Pengaruh Selebgram Endorser, Online Consumer Review, dan Brand Image terhadap Minat Beli (Studi Kasus pada Brand Byoote)

Marketing strategy has become one of the important factors in the success of a business. Celebrity endorsers, online consumer reviews, and brand image have become marketing strategies that are widely used by business actors in increasing consumer purchase intention. To increase consumer purchase intention, Byoote, which is one of the collagen drink brands in Indonesia, uses all three in its marketing strategy. The aims of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of the celebrity endorser on purchase intention; (2) to determine the effect of online consumer reviews on purchase intention; and (3) to determine the effect of brand image on purchase intention. This research is quantitative. Data were collected by distributing online questionnaires to 150 respondents. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis methods. The results showed that celebrity endorsers and online consumer reviews did not affect purchase intention, while brand image had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. Strategi pemasaran telah menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam kesuksesan suatu bisnis. Selebgram endorser, online consumer review, dan brand image telah menjadi strategi pemasaran yang banyak dipakai oleh para pelaku usaha dalam meningkatkan minat beli konsumennya. Untuk meningkatkan minat beli konsumennya, Byoote, yang merupakan salah satu brand minuman collagen di Indonesia, menggunakan ketiganya dalam strategi pemasaran mereka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh selebgram endorser terhadap minat beli; (2) untuk mengetahui pengaruh online consumer review terhadap minat beli; dan (3) untuk mengetahui pengaruh brand image terhadap minat beli. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online kepada 150 responden. Teknik analisisnya menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selebgram endorser dan online consumer review tidak berpengaruh terhadap minat beli, sedangkan brand image berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap minat beli konsumen.
A 23–40-GHz Phased-Array Receiver Using 14-Bit Phase-Gain Manager and Wideband Noise-Canceling LNA

This article presents a 23–40-GHz phased-array receiver (RX) capable of reconfiguring to achieve fine phase step and high gain range. Such phased-array RX consists of a 14-bit phase-gain manager and a wideband noise-canceling low-noise amplifier (NCLNA). The proposed phase-gain manager includes two 7-bit variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) in radio-frequency (RF) domain, two pairs of mixers, and two variable gain sign-map (VGSM) circuits in intermediate-frequency (IF) domain. The proposed phased-array RX can not only provide a maximum 14-bit phase-tuning operation and >35-dB gain variation range but also achieve an improved calibration-free image rejection ratio (IRR) by introducing the dual-mode image rejection operation. Based on the aforementioned structure, a four-element phased-array RX is implemented and fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS technology. The whole circuit size is 2.2 $\times $ 1.3 mm, while consuming 52 mW per element. The measured result shows a state-of-the-art minimal noise figure (NF) of 3.8 dB, which supports 3 Gb/s, 64-QAM and 2.4 Gb/s, 256-QAM modulation signal.
Effect of Fluorographene Addition on Mechanical and Adhesive Properties of a New Core Build-Up Composite

This study aims to develop a restorative material having such mechanical and adhesive properties that it can be used both as a reconstruction material and as a luting cement. The experimental core build-up composite (CBC) was derived from a self-adhesive cement by the modification of its chemical formula, requiring the use of dedicated dentin and ceramic primers. The adhesive properties to zirconia and dentin were analyzed with a micro-Shear Bond Strength test (mSBS). The mechanical properties were analyzed by a flexural strength test. The results were compared with those obtained for other commercially available cements and core build-up materials, both before and after addition of 2 wt. % fluorographene. The CBC obtained average values in the mSBS of 49.7 ± 4.74 MPa for zirconia and 32.2 ± 4.9 MPa for dentin, as well as values of 110.9 ± 9.3 MPa for flexural strength and 6170.8 ± 703.2 MPa for Young’s modulus. The addition of fluorographene, while increasing the Young’s modulus of the core build-up composite by 10%, did not improve the adhesive capabilities of the primers and cement on either zirconia or dentin. The CBC showed adhesive and mechanical properties adequate both for a restoration material and a luting cement. The addition of 2 wt. % fluorographene was shown to interfere with the polymerization reaction of the material, suggesting the need for further studies.
CAPL: Criticality-Aware Adaptive Path Learning for Industrial Wireless Sensor–Actuator Networks

Wireless technologies, such as WirelessHART, are being adopted in industrial wireless sensor–actuator networks (IWSAN), which are required to provide reliable quality of control (QoC). This article focuses on adaptively selecting the best network path for reliable QoC in the IWSAN. The main challenge is estimating the time-varying packet delivery ratio (PDR) of each path. The IWSAN path selection problem in a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework is formulated. A novel algorithm criticality-aware adaptive path learning (CAPL) is proposed, which determines the criticality of each packet according to the degree of QoC degradation if it is lost. The key novelty of CAPL is that it simultaneously considers the fundamental exploration–exploitation trade-off in MAB and QoC in the IWSAN. CAPL uses low-criticality packets for exploration to measure the PDR so that it can minimize the impact of exploration on QoC degradation. CAPL with extensive simulation and empirical studies for DC motor position control is validated.
Real-Time Monitoring of Human Breathing Using Wearable Tilted Fiber Grating Curvature Sensors

Respiration rate and volume are important physiological indicators of human health. They can indicate cardiovascular health status and cardiopulmonary function. Here, we demonstrate a compact breath monitoring system based on a wearable tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) curvature sensor for human respiration monitoring. With the assistance of a custom designed breathing tube, TFBGs provide a very reproducible highly sensitive, real time response to curvature changes during respiration. The miniaturized and cost effective sensing system which we propose consists of a tunable laser module, a field programmable gate array acquisition control circuit module, and a sensor module. Different breathing patterns can be successfully identified from the optical amplitude and frequency output of the sensor. The robust instrument displays high repeatability and real-time tracking.