Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
K‐Rich Adakite‐Like Rocks in Central Tibet: Fractional Crystallization of a Hydrous, Alkaline Primitive Melt

K‐rich adakite‐like rocks (KARs) in post‐collisional settings, such as in Tibet, have been widely linked with the melting of pre‐existing thickened crust. Here, we investigate geochemical data of the Late Eocene (38–34 Ma) volcanic rocks including KARs from the southern Qiangtang terrane (SQT) of central Tibet. The data reveal that: (a) the volcanic rocks define a fractionation trend from high‐K alkaline basalt to high‐K calc‐alkaline rhyolite, with a continuous compositional range and (b) they are characterized by a narrow range of depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions relative to the pre‐Eocene SQT crust. We contend that the KARs in the SQT resulted from fractional crystallization of hydrous, alkaline melts derived from the lithospheric mantle where fractionation was dominated by amphibole and plagioclase. Partial melting of the lithospheric mantle beneath the SQT was possibly triggered by thermal perturbations owing to the north‐directed subduction of the Indian continental lithosphere beneath southern Tibet.
Subdomain Adaptation Capsule Network for Partial Discharge Diagnosis in Gas-Insulated Switchgear

Deep learning methods, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have achieved good results in the partial discharge (PD) diagnosis of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) in the laboratory. However, the relationship of features ignored in CNNs and the heavy dependance on the amount of sample data make it difficult for the model developed in the laboratory to achieve high-precision, robust diagnosis of PD in the field. To solve these problems, a subdomain adaptation capsule network (SACN) is adopted for PD diagnosis in GIS. First, the feature information is effectively extracted by using a capsule network, which improves feature representation. Then, subdomain adaptation transfer learning is used to accomplish high diagnosis performance on the field data, which alleviates the confusion of different subdomains and matches the local distribution at the subdomain level. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the SACN in this study reaches 93.75% on the field data. The SACN has better performance than traditional deep learning methods, indicating that the SACN has potential application value in PD diagnosis of GIS.
Differential Associations of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies with Depression, Anxiety, and Insomnia in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

While difficulties with emotion regulation (ER) are consistently linked to poor mental health in adulthood, findings in adolescence have been more mixed. Cognitive ER strategies, which involve the ability to manage emotions through mental processes, may be particularly important during different stages of development due to age-specific adjustments. We conducted two exploratory and cross-sectional studies to examine the relationships between cognitive ER strategies and mental health (i.e., depressive, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms) in two samples: 431 young adults (Mage = 20.66 ± 2.21; 70% women and 30% men) and 271 adolescents (Mage = 14.80 ± 0.0.59; 44.6% girls and 55.4% boys). The participants completed a group of questionnaires, including the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Insomnia Severity Index, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Youth Self Report. We employed hierarchical multiple regressions to assess the unique contribution of cognitive ER strategies to mental health outcomes. Maladaptive strategies (such as rumination and catastrophizing) were consistently associated with impaired mental health in both samples, while adaptive strategies (such as positive refocusing and positive reappraisal) were only associated with better mental health in young adults. These findings support the importance of cognitive ER strategies as potential risk factors for psychopathology and suggest that interventions aimed at improving emotion regulation may be beneficial. The age-specific differences in the relationship between cognitive ER strategies and mental health may reflect the refinement of emotion regulation abilities across the lifespan.
A New Scheme for Bispectrum Cascade Feature Extraction of Intra-pulse Modulated Radar Signals

To deal with the problems of emitter sorting caused by parameter complexity and agility of multi-function radars.The bispectrum images of radar signals are divided equally into some identical regions and singular value decomposition is used,bispectra distribution entropy and singular spectrum entropy are extracted for the cascade features.This method takes advantage of the superiority of bispectrum analysis in restraining the affection of coloured Gauss noise and retaining the amplitude and phase informations.It organically integrates the advantages of the theory of the bispectrum analysis,singular value decomposition theory and information entropy theory,and fully reflects the intrinsic signal informations.The radar signals are classified by fuzzy C-means for experimentation to demonstrate the validity of this algorithm.Experiments conducted on six typical emitter signals show that the algorithm is of preferably sorting precision under moderate SNR,and surmounts the disadvantages of higher feature dimension and deficient compactness of clusters about traditional methods for feature extraction of pictures.
An Investigation into Student Ability to Relate a Vector Representation to an Alternate Representation of a Physical Situation

In learning physics, students repeatedly encounter vectors (quantities which have a magnitude and a direction). They must be comfortable with vector notation and mathematics in order to solve many physics problems. Physics students are also presented with many types of representations, from graphs to field line diagrams. In solving physics problems students must be able to interpret this multitude of representations. I probed the intersection of students’ vectors skills and their skills at interpreting visual representations. Specifically, my project sought to document the extent to which students are able to relate a vector representation of a physical situation to another representation of that same physical situation which does not use vectors. This ability was tested in various contexts throughout the introductory physics curriculum. I created pre-test questions which were administered to students at the University of Washington over three quarters. Responses to these questions were analyzed for correctness, common errors, and consistency. The specific results for each context are presented in the relevant sections of the thesis. However, in all contexts examined, students struggled to relate a vector representation to an alternate representation of a physical situation. Ideas for curriculum development to address this difficulty are presented at the end of this thesis.
NPR1 Translocation from Chloroplast to Nucleus Activates Plant Tolerance to Salt Stress

Chloroplasts play crucial roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses, regulated by nuclear gene expression through changes in the cellular redox state. Despite lacking the N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide (cTP), nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1), a redox-sensitive transcriptional coactivator was consistently found in the tobacco chloroplasts. Under salt stress and after exogenous application of H2O2 or aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, an ethylene precursor, transgenic tobacco plants expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged NPR1 (NPR1-GFP) showed significant accumulation of monomeric nuclear NPR1, irrespective of the presence of cTP. Immunoblotting and fluorescence image analyses indicated that NPR1-GFP, with and without cTP, had similar molecular weights, suggesting that the chloroplast-targeted NPR1-GFP is likely translocated from the chloroplasts to the nucleus after processing in the stroma. Translation in the chloroplast is essential for nuclear NPR1 accumulation and stress-related expression of nuclear genes. An overexpression of chloroplast-targeted NPR1 enhanced stress tolerance and photosynthetic capacity. In addition, compared to the wild-type lines, several genes encoding retrograde signaling-related proteins were severely impaired in the Arabidopsis npr1-1 mutant, but were enhanced in NPR1 overexpression (NPR1-Ox) transgenic tobacco line. Taken together, chloroplast NPR1 acts as a retrograding signal that enhances the adaptability of plants to adverse environments.
Optimization Analysis for Innovative Inputs under the Objective Discrepancy between Government and Enterprise

Aiming at the improvement of innovation efficiency after enterprise obtaining subsidies, this paper constructs two-stage innovation benefit model about research and development (R&D) and transformation and achieves Nash equilibrium of innovative inputs to solve the objective discrepancy of innovation between government and enterprise. The main conclusions are as follows: there are three kinds of resource allocation structure in the way of achieving Nash equilibrium. The allocation structure is determined by the sensitivity of benefits (differentiated by social benefits and enterprise benefits) to R&D and transformation. After obtaining subsidies, enterprise optimizes resource allocation and results in crowding out effect, which is the inevitable choice for enterprise to seek benefits. Relative to the enterprise budget, when the proportion of government subsidies is few, the way of subsidies does not affect benefits. When the government invests more subsidies, which are designated for R&D, there is the possibility of dual losses of social benefits and enterprise benefits. The conclusion defines the proportion of subsidies to enterprise budgets so as to differentiate the allocation structure of innovative inputs. The practical significance is to provide a precise method of resource allocation from the microlevel of enterprise project, which alleviates the objective discrepancy between the government and enterprise.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Inverted Pendulum Driven by Airflow

A nonlinear model of inverted pendulum that exhibit unbounded single well φ6 potential is described. The complete equation for one-dimensional wind-induced sway is derived. The harmonic balance method along with Melnikov theory are used to seek the effects of aerodynamic drag forces on the amplitude of vibration, on the structure failure, and on the appearance of horseshoes chaos. Numerical simulations have been performed to confirm analytical investigation.
Distributed tube model predictive control for string stability of heterogeneous vehicle platoons

This article develops a distributed tube model predictive control method to guarantee the string stability of the heterogeneous vehicle platoon under external disturbance and controller saturation. The error model of each vehicle is proposed based on the desired distance and velocity, where the coupled factor between vehicles is treated as a random disturbance. The linear feedback controller is devised to reject disturbances by keeping the actual trajectory within a tube around the nominal trajectory, and a model predictive controller is proposed by treating the input saturation and string stability as state constraints in the optimization problem. Compared with previous results, the proposed control strategy achieves a better performance of disturbance rejection and greatly reduces the online computation burden, which would be more favorable in engineering applications. The method proposed in this article is illustrated to be effective by simulation.
Mechanisms of Allergen Immunotherapy and Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Evaluation

Allergen-immunotherapy (AIT) is an efficacious and disease-modifying treatment option for IgE-mediated diseases. Among these allergic rhinitis, insect venom allergy, food allergy, and allergic asthma are the most common candidates for AIT. AIT gives rise to clinical immunotolerance which may last for years after the treatment cessation. Mechanisms of AIT include suppression of allergic inflammation in target tissues and stimulation of the production of blocking antibodies, especially IgG4 and IgA. These mechanisms are followed by a reduction of underlying allergen-specific Th2 cell-driven responses to the allergens. Tolerance induction takes place through the desensitization of effector cells and stimulation of regulatory T cells that show their effects by mechanisms involving cell-cell cross-talk, but also other mechanisms, e.g., by the production of immunomodulatory cytokines such as, e.g., IL-10 and TGF-beta. From a personalized medical perspective, there is a need for clinical biomarkers of value in selecting responders and optimizing patient care during AIT. Also, a deeper understanding of underlying mechanistic processes will improve AIT’s future outcomes. In this paper, the current knowledge of mechanisms in AIT is reviewed with a special focus on biomarkers of this therapy.
Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 Mitigates Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome and Promotes Visceral Fat Browning through β3-Adrenergic Receptor/UCP1 Signaling

Pre-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) may represent the best transition phase to start treatments aimed at reducing cardiometabolic risk factors of MetS. In this study, we investigated the effects of the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea F&M-M36 (T. lutea) on cardiometabolic components of pre-MetS and its underlying mechanisms. Rats were fed a standard (5% fat) or a high-fat diet (20% fat) supplemented or not with 5% of T. lutea or fenofibrate (100 mg/Kg) for 3 months. Like fenofibrate, T. lutea decreased blood triglycerides (p < 0.01) and glucose levels (p < 0.01), increased fecal lipid excretion (p < 0.05) and adiponectin (p < 0.001) without affecting weight gain. Unlike fenofibrate, T. lutea did not increase liver weight and steatosis, reduced renal fat (p < 0.05), diastolic (p < 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (p < 0.05). In visceral adipose tissue (VAT), T. lutea, but not fenofibrate, increased the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3ADR) (p < 0.05) and Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) (p < 0.001) while both induced glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) protein expression (p < 0.001) and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β gene expression (p < 0.05). Pathway analysis on VAT whole-gene expression profiles showed that T. lutea up-regulated energy-metabolism-related genes and down-regulated inflammatory and autophagy pathways. The multitarget activity of T. lutea suggests that this microalga could be useful in mitigating risk factors of MetS.
The identification of weather conditions associated with the generation of major storm surges along the west coast of the british isles

The complex mechanism of storm surge generation in the Eastern Atlantic has introduced severe difficulties in attempts to establish the basis of a flood-warning system for the west coast of the British Isles. As an interim measure, while coastal defences are being assessed in the light of the estimated probability of abnormal levels (Lennon 1963) and while research proceeds so that any consequent contingency may eventually be met, a qualitative technique has been devised which aims at an identification of weather situations which are potentially dangerous particularly for the British Channel area and for Liverpool Bay. Major surges are found to be generated as a result of the passage, over the sea approaches to the region, of a certain type of depression which, moving at a critical speed over shallow water, can establish conditions of near-resonance. The relevant meteorological conditions are found to be remarkably uniform and capable of definition.
The Haves and Have-Nots: The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore across Species

The demonstration that F1FO (F)-ATP synthase and adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) can form Ca2+-activated, high-conductance channels in the inner membrane of mitochondria from a variety of eukaryotes led to renewed interest in the permeability transition (PT), a permeability increase mediated by the PT pore (PTP). The PT is a Ca2+-dependent permeability increase in the inner mitochondrial membrane whose function and underlying molecular mechanisms have challenged scientists for the last 70 years. Although most of our knowledge about the PTP comes from studies in mammals, recent data obtained in other species highlighted substantial differences that could be perhaps attributed to specific features of F-ATP synthase and/or ANT. Strikingly, the anoxia and salt-tolerant brine shrimp Artemia franciscana does not undergo a PT in spite of its ability to take up and store Ca2+ in mitochondria, and the anoxia-resistant Drosophila melanogaster displays a low-conductance, selective Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel rather than a PTP. In mammals, the PT provides a mechanism for the release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic proteins and mediates various forms of cell death. In this review, we cover the features of the PT (or lack thereof) in mammals, yeast, Drosophila melanogaster, Artemia franciscana and Caenorhabditis elegans, and we discuss the presence of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and of other forms of cell death. We hope that this exercise may help elucidate the function(s) of the PT and its possible role in evolution and inspire further tests to define its molecular nature.
Study on Securities Laws and Regulations in the Field of Mergers and Acquisitions of Multinational Enterprises in China

As Chinese reform and opening up continues to bear fruit, more and more multinational enterprises are merging and acquiring domestic enterprises to achieve their expansion purposes, which also promote international trade to a certain extent. Meanwhile, in the continuous practice of transnational M&A activities, the problem of state regulation of this activity has gradually emerged, particularly under the legal regime of securities law is more obvious. To facilitate the progress and development of foreign M&A, it is necessary to regulate transnational M&A activities reasonably and effectively in China. The first part of this paper describes the three remarkable stages in the past decades of its development, then analyzes the regulatory features of the current legal system of securities law in China from the horizontal and vertical perspectives, and the subject as well as object views. Moreover, it presents the shortcomings of the existing regulations. After elaborating the basic overview of the Chinese securities law system, the reasons for the inadequacy of the existing regime are analyzed including the objective regulatory requirements of the market, the urgent need to correct the dual-track legislation model, and the gap with other developed countries. Finally, constructive suggestions are made for the reform of the legal system. The essay adopts the legal norm analysis method, aiming at proposing feasible measures to improve the law system. At present, there are large loopholes and gaps in the fields of securities law for foreign investors’ M&A, so the research topic of this paper is of practical urgency and certain practical significance.
Evaluation of Pentraxin 3 and Serum Amyloid A in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontal Disease and Obesity

Background: Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with periodontal tissue inflammation, a condition that precedes alveolar bone resorption. It is also elevated in obese tissues and is a useful biomarker of proinflammatory status. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a proinflammatory and lipolytic adipokine. Adipocytes strongly express SAA, which suggests that it may have a significant role in the production of free fatty acids and local and systemic inflammation. Materials and Methods: We statistically analyzed the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) values of PTX3 and SAA in patients with periodontal disease, who were diagnosed with obesity, and compared them with the values of inflammatory markers from patients diagnosed with one of the diseases and with healthy patients. Results: The patients with obesity and periodontitis had significantly higher levels of PTX3 and SAA than the patients diagnosed with either obesity or periodontitis. Conclusions: These two markers are involved in the association between the two pathologies, as evidenced by the correlations between these levels and some clinical parameters.
Estimating Genomic Category Probabilities from Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Counts with Misclassification

SUMMARY Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is used in many medical settings to identify the genetic or chromosomal abnormality characterizing a disease. FISH techniques may be used to classify a sample of a patient's cells into genomic categories, one or more of which is associated with the disease. The clinical goal is to determine whether there is a positive proportion of diseased cells in the patient, or to estimate this proportion. Unfortunately, such data are often subject to classification error inherent in FISH methodology. However, when additional data are available from cells of known type, typically from normal subjects, this information may be combined with the patient's data to perform the desired inference while correcting for misclassification. We provide a method for estimating the proportions of cells of each category and testing whether a particular proportion is positive in each of several patients when such background data are available. Our approach is to model the misclassification probabilities, jointly to estimate the model parameters and each patient's cell type proportions by using maximum likelihood and to use this to obtain likelihood ratio tests and confidence intervals. The method is applied to blood cell count data from chronic myelogenous leukaemia patients, where FISH is used to identify the chromosomal translocation characterizing the disease.
Remarks on the accelerated moment release model: problems of model formulation, simulation and estimation

SUMMARY This report summarizes a variety of issues concerning the development of statistical versions of the so-called ‘accelerated moment release model’ (AMR model). Until such statistical versions are developed, it is not possible to develop satisfactory procedures for simulating, fitting or forecasting the model. We propose a hierarchy of simulation models, in which the increase in moment is apportioned in varying degrees between an increase in the average size of events and an increase in their frequency. To control the size distribution, we propose a version of the Gutenberg–Richter power law with exponential fall-off, as suggested in recent papers by Kagan. The mean size is controlled by the location of the fall-off, which in turn may be related to the closeness to criticality of the underlying seismic region. Other points touched on concern the logical structure of the model, in particular the identifiability of the parameter assumed to control the size of the main shock, and appropriate procedures to use for simulation and estimation. An appendix summarizes properties of the Kagan distribution. The simulations highlight the difficulty in identifying an AMR episode with only limited data.