Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An assessment of the ozone loss during the 1999–2000 SOLVE/THESEO 2000 Arctic campaign

[1] Ozone observations from ozonesondes, the lidars aboard the DC-8, in situ ozone measurements from the ER-2, and satellite ozone measurements from Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM) were used to assess ozone loss during the Sage III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) and Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO) 1999–2000 Arctic campaign. Two methods of analysis were used. In the first method a simple regression analysis of the data time series is performed on the ozonesonde and POAM measurements within the vortex. In the second method the ozone measurements from all available ozone data were injected into a free-running diabatic trajectory model and were carried forward in time from 1 December to 15 March. Vortex ozone loss was then estimated by comparing the ozone values of those parcels initiated early in the campaign with those parcels injected later in the campaign. Despite the variety of observational techniques used during SOLVE, the measurements provide a fairly consistent picture. Over the whole vortex the largest ozone loss occurs between 550 and 400 K potential temperatures (∼23–16 km) with over 1.5 ppmv (∼55%) lost by 15 March, the end of the SOLVE mission period. An ozone loss rate of 0.04–0.05 ppmv/day was computed for 15 March. The total column loss was between 44 and 57 DU or 11–15%. Ozonesondes launched after 15 March suggest that an additional 0.5 ppmv or more ozone was lost between 15 March and 1 April.
Point : Counterpoint : Supraspinal locomotor centers do / do not contribute significantly to the hyperpnea of dynamic exercise

This series of debates was initiated for the Journal of Applied Physiology because we believe an important means of searching for truth is through debate where contradictory viewpoints are put forward. This dialectic process whereby a thesis is advanced, then opposed by an antithesis, with a synthesis subsequently arrived at, is a powerful and often entertaining method for gaining knowledge and for understanding the source of a controversy. Before reading these Point:Counterpoint manuscripts or preparing a brief commentary on their content (see below for instructions), the reader should understand that authors on each side of the debate are expected to advance a polarized viewpoint and to select the most convincing data to support their position. This approach differs markedly from the review article where the reader expects the author to present balanced coverage of the topic. Each of the authors has been strictly limited in the lengths of both the manuscript (1200 words) and the rebuttal (400). The number of references to publications is also limited to 30, and citation of unpublished findings is prohibited.
ETİK EĞİTİMİNİN MUHASEBE EĞİTİMİNDEKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ: TÜRKİYE DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Bu cali s manin amaci, muhasebe etik e g itimini, dunya ve Turkiye’deki geli s meler cercevesinde inceleyerek, Turkiye’de universitelerin e g itim mufredatina muhasebe etik e g itiminin dahil edilmesi esaslarina yonelik ce s itli onerilerle katkida bulunmaktir. Muhasebe acisindan etik ve etik e g itimi oteden beri hem akademik hem de mesleki anlamda ara s tirma konusu olmu s tur. 1980’ lerde ba s layan bu ara s tirmalar ozellikle finansal skandallar sonrasinda daha onemli hale gelmi s tir. Bu onem muhasebe o g retim elemanlarinin etik konular hakkinda bilgi sahibi olmak, konuyla ilgili geni s sorumluluklar almak ve o g rencilerin muhasebe eti g i acisindan geli s melerini sa g lamak amaciyla daha aktif rol oynamalarini gerekli kilmi s tir. Bu gereklili g e kar s in Turkiye’de muhasebe etik e g itimine verilen onemin du s uk seviyede kaldi g i belirtilebilir. Universitelerde muhasebe etik e g itimi uc a s amada ele alinabilir. Bu a s amalar; etik konularin ana hatlariyla “Genel Muhasebe ve Denetim” dersleri icerisinde sunulmasi, lisans duzeyinde “Muhasebe Meslek Eti g i” ismiyle secmeli ders olarak programa ilave edilmesi ve lisansustu a s amada “Muhasebe Meslek Eti g i E g itimi” isimli bir dersle ele alinmasi s eklinde siralanabilir.
POETRY TRANSLATION: ARTISTIC AND CULTURAL PROBLEMS

This paper investigates how could an artistic, cultural, and evasive piece of language like a poem be translated accurately. This paper addresses the intrinsic difficulties of translating poetry from different languages, cultures, and eras. Poetry sparked a dilemma on the practicability of its translation. Whereas some people consider it as a venerable entity, others venture to crush its fortifications! Translation of metaphor has been considered as a prominent problem of poetry translation. This problem stems from the fact that metaphors are affiliated with indirection, which in turn contributes to the difficulty of translation. The possible question arising now is how far can a translator modify the author’s metaphorical expressions? It is natural that different languages encompass different cultures behind them. Based on the background of cultural heterogeneity, translators' credence, expertise, and position differ to reflect in the influence of their translated works. Their diverse cultures will affect the text choice and the translation function. This paper shows that if they are prejudiced towards the source culture, their output will be rich in foreign expressions, but if they are prejudiced towards the target culture, the output will be given a local flavor.
Morphological variation of Puntius bimaculatus (Cyprinidae) with respect to altitudinal differences and five major river basins of Sri Lanka

Forty sites located in five major river basins (Mahaweli, Kelani, Kalu, Gin, and Nilwala) at four different altitude ranges (0-150 m, 151-300 m, 301-600 m and 601-1200 m) were sampled to study the distribution and intra-specific morphological variation among the endemic fish species Puntius bimaculatus populations in Sri Lanka. Twenty one (21) morphometric characters and 15 meristic characters were recorded with respect to each specimen. Size adjusted meristic data and non transformed meristic data were analysed. In addition, fourteen physico-chemical parameters were recorded from each site. Puntius bimaculatus was found only at 10 locations. Out of the total of 63 individuals 57% were collected from the highest elevation. Twelve meristic and 14 morphometric characters of fish were significantly different among the five rivers. Ten meristic and morphometric characters were significantly differed among altitudinal ranges. Discriminant function analysis resulted three discriminant functions for morphometric characters explained 74.8%, 16.4%, 8.8% variance of the data set. They classified the originally grouped cases (according to the altitudinal range) with an accuracy of 87%. Length of the caudal fin, maximum depth of the fish and the position and length of the dorsal fin highly contributed in discrimination of fish into their respective altitude ranges. Meristic characters also resulted in three discriminant functions and explained the variance of 62.3%, 30.9% and 6.8%. They classified originally grouped cases with a 100% accuracy showing that meristic characters are powerful in discriminating the fish. Rays in the ventral, pelvic, caudal and anal fins, and number of scales on lateral line, number of pre and post dorsal scales were the major meristic characters contributed to the discrimination of fish. Most of the physico-chemical parameters were also significantly different with respect to the altitude ranges and rivers. Clear intra-specific morphological variations observed among individuals from different altitudinal ranges and rivers could be an adaptation to their habitats with diverse environmental conditions.
STABILITY TESTS OF GEOTEXTILE SAND CONTAINERS FOR MONOPILE SCOUR PROTECTION

Monopile support structures for offshore wind turbines in areas with movable sand beds may be affected by local scour processes due to wave and current action. In order to investigate scour protection alternatives a research programme has been started. An innovative solution for monopile scour protection was proposed by using geotextile sand containers. In comparison to a rubble mound solution sand containers are made from soft materials minimizing the danger of cable and monopile damage during construction of the wind turbines on the sea.
Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Mapping

ABC Fax + 41 61 306 12 34 E-mail karger@karger.ch www.karger. com © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel 0301–0171/03/1012–0147$19.50/0 Accessible online at: www.karger. com/cgr Abstract. We have constructed a high-density comparative radiation hybrid map of the interstitial region of bovine chromosome 5 (BTA5) using a recently constructed 12,000-rad, whole-genome, cattle-hamster radiation hybrid (WGRH) panel. Sixty-two bovine EST markers were selected which have orthologous sequences on human chromosomes 12 and 22 (HSA12 and HSA22). Sixty markers were included in the multi-point framework map at LOD 3.0. Our comprehensive RH map contains more than twice as many markers (88) than previous generation maps. Because of a higher marker density and increased resolution of the RH12,000 panel, all markers were placed into a single linkage group based on two-point analysis at a LOD score 6.0. As a result, this new comparative map reveals new blocks of synteny and extensive gene order alterations between species. Breakpoints of synteny are located with high accuracy. Overall, this work reveals widespread chromosomal rearrangements between bovine, human and mouse genomes.
Comments on the draft document “Guidance on Provider-initiated HIV Testing and Counselling in Health Facilities”

1. The UNAIDS Reference Group on HIV and Human Rights would like to commend the drafters of the guidelines for a number of improvements made since the first draft of July 2006. These include strengthened provisions on the importance of informed consent prior to HIV testing. The document also makes useful distinctions between generalized, concentrated and low prevalence epidemics, and its recommendations are tailored to the specific characteristics of national and local epidemics. Despite improvements, however, the Reference Group is of the opinion that the draft document still leaves a number of important issues inadequately addressed.
Fingerprint Recognition System With Hardware Acceleration

The use of biometric systems for human authentication and identification is well known. Under the use of biometric traits for these purposes, Fingerprint Recognition (FR) systems are an adequate choice for many applications. In this paper, we propose a FR system based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device, an optical sensor, an image processing algorithm, and a pattern recognition module. A representation of the data with a fixed-point scheme is proposed to increase the efficiency of the FR system. The building blocks of the proposed system are analyzed in detail, regarding their performance. For the most demanding blocks, based on Gabor filtering, an efficient implementation is carried out using dedicated hardware modules; this leads to a speedup of 731.99 on the Gabor filtering module and 2.72 on the overall algorithm. For an authentication task, the proposed system attains an Equal-Error Rate (EER) of 7.18%.
TEN YEARS OF RESEARCH ON ORDERED MESOPOROUS CARBONS : MAJOR ADVANCES IN SYNTHESIS , PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS

About ten years ago Ryoo and co-workers [1,2] reported the hard-templating (HT) synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) by using ordered mesoporous silicas (OMSs) as hard templates. Five years afterward the soft-templating (ST) synthesis of OMCs has been discovered [3-6]. Significant progress has been made in both hardand soft-templating synthesis of OMCs [7-10]. Major advances in the synthesis of these fascinating materials, their properties and potential applications are briefly presented. The current efforts are focused on the development of carbons with hierarchical porous structures as well as carbon-based hybrid materials with incorporated inorganic and organic species for adsorption, catalytic, environmental and energy-related applications. The HT synthesis (see Fig. 1) includes infiltration of pores of a hard template (usually OMS or colloidal silica) with carbon precursors (e.g., sucrose, polymers) followed by carbonization and template removal with HF or NaOH solutions [2,11-13]. Depending on the template used the resulting inverse carbon replicas possess disordered or ordered porosity. OMCs are obtained by using OMSs or colloidal silica crystals as hard templates. The use of colloidal silica in the HT synthesis affords disordered carbons with uniform spherical mesopores.
International Comovements in Inflation Rates and Country Characteristics

Common shocks, similarities in central bank reaction functions, and international trade potentially produce common components in international inflation rates. This paper characterizes such links in international inflation rates with a dynamic latent factor model that decomposes 64 national inflation rates into world, regional, and idiosyncratic components. The world and regional components account for 35% and 16%, respectively, of annual inflation variability on average across countries, so that international influences together explain just over half of inflation variability. The importance of the world and regional components, however, differs substantially across countries. Economic policy choices and development measures strongly explain the cross-sectional variation in the relative importance of international influences. A subsample analysis reveals that the regional (world) factor increases in importance for a number of North American and European (Latin American and Asian) countries since 1980.
Integrated risk management in the implementation of dual grey and potable water reticulation systems in South Africa

iii DEDICATION . vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vii LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . ix LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS . x TABLE OF CONTENTS . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xvi LIST OF TABLES . xviii CHAPTER 1 .
Carbonate Precipitation in Engineered Environments; Carbon Sequestration by Design

Summary Calcite precipitation in urban and other disturbed soils takes place as a natural consequence of the weathering of artificial calcium silicate minerals and glasses. In studies of such soils in the UK, twice as much carbonate C has been observed in urban soils as is held within rural soils as organic C. This process takes place by carbonation of soil minerals derived from demolition or waste disposal. Estimates of the overall capacity of soils to accommodate C in this way are of the order of 100-1000 MT annually, which is comparable to other carbon capture technologies. This passive sequestration of C requires very low energy inputs, and can be designed into land remediation and other engineering works.
A Study of Analytical and Interdependence of Air Quality Pollutants in Urban Area

Accurate analysis of pollution on human-wellbeing needs high-resolution measurements. Customary air quality observation stations give correct pollution levels however as a result of their distributed distribution they cannot capture the extremely resolved spatial variations inside cities. Similarly, dedicated field campaigns will use tens of measurement devices and acquire extremely dense spatial coverage however usually preparation has been restricted to short periods of no over few weeks. Nowadays, advances in communication and sensory technologies change the preparation of dense grids of wireless distributed air observation nodes; however their detector ability to capture the spatiotemporal waste product variability at the sub-neighborhood scale has never been completely tested. This study reports close measurements of volatilized air pollutants by a network of six wireless multi-sensor miniature nodes that are deployed in three urban sites, regarding a hundred and fifty m apart. We have a tendency to demonstrate the network's capability to capture spatiotemporal concentration variations at an exceptional fine resolution however highlight the necessity for a frequent unmoved activity to take care of the consistency of some sensors. Consequently, a procedure for a field activity is projected and shown to enhance the system's performance. Overall, our results support the compatibility of wireless distributed detector networks for measurement urban pollution at a sub-neighborhood spatial resolution that suits the need for extremely spatiotemporal resolved measurements at the breathing-height once assessing exposure to urban pollution.
Poverty in Asia: A Brief Overview andAn Examination ofthe Impact ofHealth Shocks

In the past, lots of efforts have been made to reduce poverty in the world. However, thespeed of poverty reduction seemedtodiffer by country and by region. In this paper, first the relationship between major economic/socio-economicvariables and po verty are examined by region in order to identifyregional characteristics. Then,thehealthsector, which is related to not only static poverty but also dynamic poverty, is examined to demonstrate the impact of health shocks on the poor in one of the high growing countries in East Asia, Vietnam . It seems that i nthe Eastand South Asiaregion,almost all the countriesare on the same bivariatedownward trend ofeconomic growthand poverty reduction . However, the same story may not applyto all regions. In LatinAmerica, high poverty rates are found in spite of relatively high income levels. As poverty ismultifacetedand cannot be separated out from other dimensionsofliving conditions ,othermajorsocio-economic variables s uch as infrastructure develo pment, education, and health are examinedfor the region withthepersistent downward trend of poverty, East Asia . The negative correlation was found between infrastructure development variablesand poverty, whereas neither education nor healthshows any stronglinkwith poverty. In the second part, the effect of health shocks on the living cond itions of the poor is examined forVietnambased on a system of demand equations . It is fou nd that in rural areas bothrich and poor show a significantly negative effect on food consumptionto cope with severe health disorders. Provision ofmultidimensional saf ety-net program might be longed for in ruralareasin order to prevent health shockstodeteriorateliving standards.
Turbulent Mixing beneath an Undular Bore Front

Abstract In macrotidal estuaries, a tidal bore may form during spring tide conditions when the flood tide is confined to a narrow channel. Most field occurrences showed well-defined undulations behind the leading wave, that is, an undular bore process. Herein, detailed free-surface and turbulence measurements were performed beneath undular bore fronts using side-looking acoustic Doppler velocimetry and nonintrusive free-surface measurement devices in a laboratory channel. Undular bores were observed for Froude numbers less than 1.7, which compared favourably with past studies. Velocity measurements with a temporal resolution of 50 Hz showed a marked effect of the bore passage. Longitudinal velocities were characterised by rapid flow deceleration at all vertical elevations, while large fluctuations of transverse velocities were recorded beneath the front. Turbulent Reynolds stress data highlighted high levels in the lower flow region, including next to the bed. Maximum normal and tangential turbulent stresses were observed immediately upstream of and at wave crests.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Inhibits Proximal TCR Signaling by Targeting ZAP-701

The long cytoplasmic tail (CT) isoforms of carcinoembryonic Ag-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) are expressed on activated human T cells and possess two ITIM motifs in the CT. These isoforms of CEACAM1 are inhibitory for T cell responses initiated by the TCR/CD3 complex with the inhibition dependent upon the ITIMs of CEACAM1 and Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1). However, the mechanism by which this inhibition occurs in T cells is unknown. We demonstrate here that the Src family kinase, Lck, and the ability of CEACAM1 to bind homophilically are required for the ITIM phosphorylation of CEACAM1 that is a prerequisite for CEACAM1 association with SHP-1. We further show that CEACAM1 associates with and recruits SHP-1 to the TCR/CD3 complex leading to decreased phosphorylation of CD3-ζ and ZAP-70 and consequently decreased activation of the elements downstream of ZAP-70. This is physiologically relevant because extinction of SHP-1 expression or blockade of homophilic binding by CEACAM1 using a Fab that specifically recognizes the homophilic binding region of human CEACAM1 increases the cytolytic function initiated by the TCR/CD3 complex. These studies show that long CT isoforms of CEACAM1 orchestrate an inhibitory program that abrogates extremely proximal events downstream of the TCR/CD3 complex by focusing on the activation of ZAP-70.
Growth Options in General Equilibrium: Some Asset Pricing Implications

We develop a general equilibrium model of a production economy which has a risky production technology as well as a growth option to expand the scale of the productive sector of the economy. We show that when confronted with growth options, the representative consumer may sharply alter consumption rates to improve the likelihood of investment. This reduction in consumption is accompanied by an erosion of the option value of waiting to invest, leading to investment near the zero NPV threshold. It also has important consequences for the evolution of risk aversion, asset prices and equilibrium interest rates which we characterize in this paper. One interesting prediction of the model is that we get time varying risk aversion and equity returns by virtue of the presence of growth option. We also find that the moneyness of the growth option is the key factor which determines the extent to which the book to market ratios will influence the conditional moments of equity returns.
Cross Domain Contour of AODV over OSPFv3 in Heterogeneous Ubiquitous Networks Using Internet Gateway

4 Abstract: This paper presents the results of packet-level simulation of AODV routing protocol over OSPFv3 protocol under cross domain contour of interconnecting Mobile Ad-hoc Networks with legacy networks using Internet Gateways. The simulation shows results for fixed radius of nodes with varying pause times at different mobility levels for measured QoS parameters of packet loss, routing traffic received/sent and total replies received from destinations using random waypoint propagation model. The results prove medium level satisfaction over decreased packet losses, increased packets' transmission and their acknowledgement with both lower and higher mobility levels for varying pause times.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Location, location

Text-to-Speech synthesis systems are generally evaluated using Mean Opinion Score (MOS) tests, where listeners score samples of synthetic speech on a Likert scale. A major drawback of MOS tests is that they only offer a general measure of over-all quality—i.e., the naturalness of an utterance—and so cannot tell us where exactly synthesis errors occur. This can make evaluation of the appropriateness of prosodic variation within utterances inconclusive. To address this, we propose a novel evaluation method based on the Rapid Prosody Transcription paradigm. This allows listeners to mark the locations of errors in an utterance in real-time, providing a probabilistic representation of the perceptual errors that occur in the synthetic signal. We conduct experiments that conﬁrm that the ﬁne-grained evaluation can be mapped to system rankings of standard MOS tests, but the error marking gives a much more comprehensive assessment of synthesized prosody. In particular, for standard audiobook test set samples, we see that error marks consistently cluster around words at major prosodic boundaries indicated by punctuation. However, for question-answer based stimuli, where we control information structure, we see differences emerge in the ability of neural TTS systems to generate context-appropriate prosodic prominence.