Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficient Explanation of Predictions on DL Knowledge Graphs through Enhanced Similarity Search

Knowledge Graphs are inherently incomplete, so the relationships that hold between their entities have to be discovered on the go. Generating explanations for such predictions has become a fundamental task in the perspective of eXplainable AI . This task boils down to finding meaningful (knowledge-level) reasons for predicting a certain relationship to hold between entities. To date, effective link prediction methods are based on embedding models , that represent entities and relationships in a vector space to be learned. Our goal is to extend a semantically enriched approach to generating explanations by exploring graph searches for patterns in similar situations. These patterns justify predictions made through an underlying embedding model, leading to the production of explanations. Since a bottleneck of the method is the search for similar entities and relations in the embedding space, we propose a solution based on the integration of clustering to make this search more efficient. This solution has been empirically evaluated with new experiments, proving the improvement in efficiency while preserving the effectiveness.
Intention Structures Modelling Using Object Oriented Petri Nets

This paper describes an approach to the object- oriented Petri nets usage in the area of intention-based systems. We would like to contribute in the field of intention based system with a formal model approach that would bring new capabilities of simulation, analysis and verification to the area of intelligent agents and multiagent systems. It is described here how intention structures could be made if they are built as a dynamic object-oriented Petri nets model and how execution of the agent's intention is performed in such models.
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience Computational Neuroscience

that the balanced state naturally and robustly occurs in large networks if the inhibitory and excitatory coupling strengths and their respective numbers of synapses appropriately scale with each other. Moreover, fl ipping the state of only one of the binary neurons in a large network (i.e. applying the smallest possible non-zero perturbation in such a system) leads to a supra-exponential divergence between the perturbed and the unperturbed realizations of the network dynamics, exemplifying the extremely chaotic nature of the balanced activity (v. of networks of integrate-and-fi re neurons demonstrated that the mean fi eld description of the balanced activity for these continuous-state neuron networks is very similar to that of the original binary neuron networks. indicate that statistically the same balanced activity persists both in networks with external excitatory inputs and recurrent inhibition only as well as in networks with equal total amounts of recurrent inhibition and recurrent excitation. Given these fi ndings about the robustness of the balanced state, the original work (v.Vreeswijk and Sompolinsky, 1996, 1998) together with common intuition may suggest that highly irregular activity originates from chaotic network dynamics. This hypothesis, however, has not been systematically investigated so far. Recent research even points towards the contrary: it shows that in globally coupled networks without delay the dynamics tends to converge to stable periodic orbits if inhibition dominates (Jin, 2002). Numerical investigations of weakly diluted inhibitorily coupled networks without delay show that although the dynamics may be
From mice to humans: Cross-species transcriptomics analysis to uncover distinct mechanisms of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading risk for vision loss in working adults worldwide, affecting more than 100 million people. While risk factors such as diabetes duration, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are well-acknowledged, the unifying molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DR remain incompletely understood across different species. To bridge this gap, we conducted a comprehensive RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) meta-analysis on retinal tissue samples from mice, rats, and humans with diabetes. Our integrative bioinformatics analysis elucidated both conserved and species-specific transcriptional landscapes associated with DR. Notably, pro-inflammatory pathways were ubiquitously activated in the retinal tissues across all examined species. However, unique human-specific immune-metabolic signatures emerged, which were not observed in rodent models. In summary, our investigation unveils both universal and species-specific molecular underpinnings of DR, enhancing our understanding of its complex pathobiology. These findings validate the utility of animal models in DR research and underscore the importance of human-focused studies to uncover mechanisms uniquely relevant to human pathology.
Employment, Job Turnover and the Trade in Producer Services: Firm-Level Evidence

We provide the first firm-level evidence of the impact of the trade in producer services ("offshoring") on the labour market. Using a new dataset which measures trade in services at the firm-level, we find no evidence that importing intermediate services is associated with job losses or greater worker turnover. Using regression and propensity score matching techniques, we show that firms which start importing intermediate services experience faster employment growth than equivalent firms which do not.
Foreign Currency Debt, Financial Crises and Economic Growth: A Long Run View

Foreign currency debt is widely believed to increase risks of financial crisis, especially after being implicated as a cause of the East Asian crisis in the late 1990s. In this paper, we study the effects of foreign currency debt on currency and debt crises and its indirect short and long run effects on output between 1880-1913 and 1973-2003 for 45 countries. Greater ratios of foreign currency debt to total debt are associated with increased risks of currency and debt crises, although the strength of the association depends crucially on the size of a country&apos;s reserve base and its policy credibility. We find that financial crises, driven by exposure to foreign currency, resulted in significant permanent output losses. We evaluate our findings by looking at the risk posed by high levels of foreign currency liabilities in eastern Europe in late 2008.
Race, Not Class: Explaining Racial Housing Segregation in the St. Louis Metropolitan Area, 2000

Abstract Two techniques, computation of segregation indices within income categories, and indirect standardizations based on income and two measures of housing cost, are used to assess the extent to which residential segregation in the St. Louis metropolitan area in 2000 may be attributed to socioeconomic differences between whites and African Americans. Both techniques indicate that the overwhelming majority of segregation is attributable to race, not class. In all income categories, segregation of blacks from whites is as great or greater than in the overall population. Indirect standardizations show that housing cost measures using estimated value of the house explain away somewhat more segregation than those based on monthly owner cost. However, the former type of measure may itself reflect consequences of racial discrimination in housing and lending. Despite a modest decline in the proportion of segregation attributable to race, the large majority of segregation remains tied to race, not class.
Impact of Economic Recovery on Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria

A b s t r a c t he study examines the impact of economic recovery on entrepreneurship T development in Nigeria. The study used survey research design and a period of 3 months from August, 2017 to October, 2017. The study used point in time data from respondents who are SMEs entrepreneurs in Nigeria across the six geopolitical zone and employed the used of structured questionnaire. The population of this study included all the SMEs in Nigeria which according to National Bureau of Statistics in conjunction with SEMDAN report of 2013 indicates that there is 37.6 million SMEs in Nigeria and Taro Yamane formula was used to reduced the population to a sample size of 400. The study used simple percentage, men, test of normality, correlation and regression to analysed the data. The study also used SPSS version 23.00, e-view statistical software package and excel package to analysed The findings indicate that there is a relationship between economic recovery and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. Other findings were that economic recovery significantly contributes to innovation among entrepreneurs in Nigeria, economic recovery is significantly leads to creativity among entrepreneurs in Nigeria and economic recovery is significantly contributes to risk taking among entrepreneurs in Nigeria. The study suggested that Nigerian Government should try as much as possible to ensure that there is full economy recovery and it should be seen in all sectors of the economy and that SMEs entrepreneurs should fully used this recovery parameters to ensure that they fully developed SMEs sector by innovating, creating new product as well as assuming greater risks in the business by hoping that consumers will patronize new methods of business operation.
of perinatal

Objective : To construct a comprehensive model of predictors of IQ and its developmental trajectories in survivors of very preterm birth from childhood to adult life. Methods: We examined trajectories of Full-scale, Verbal and Performance IQ from age 8 to 30 years in individuals who were born very preterm (< 32 weeks of gestation). Using linear mixed-effect modelling and model selection procedures, we systematically evaluated the impact of perinatal and socio-demographic factors on all IQ types and their trajectories. Results: The association between all IQ subtypes and gestational age, socio-economic status and sex was stable over all studied time points. A linear association was demonstrated between IQ and gestation age when considering the full gestational age spectrum following removal of participants born during week 24 of gestation. For those individuals born between 25 to 33 weeks, every full gestational week was associated with 1.4 points increase in Full-scale IQ (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64-2.15) and 1.3 points increase in IQ subtests (95% CI: 0.64-2.01). Younger gestational age was associated with lower Performance IQ to a greater extent than Verbal IQ. Low SES was associated with lower Full-scale IQ and males had higher Full-scale IQ than females. Conclusion: Individuals who were born very preterm and especially those born at the lower end of the gestational age spectrum, continue to be at higher risk of cognitive impairment in adult life, with their Performance IQ being particularly affected.
An eﬀicient parallel global optimization strategy based on Kriging properties suitable for material parameters identification

Material parameters identiﬁcation by inverse analysis using ﬁnite element computations leads to the resolution of complex and time-consuming optimization problems. One way to deal with these complex problems is to use meta-models to limit the num-berofobjectivefunctioncomputations. Inthispaper,theEﬃcientGlobalOptimization (EGO) algorithm is used. The EGO algorithm is applied to speciﬁc objective functions, which are representative of material parameters identiﬁcation issues. Isotropic and anisotropic correlation functions are tested. For anisotropic correlation functions, it leads to a signiﬁcant reduction of the computation time. Besides, they appear to be a good way to deal with the weak sensitivity of the parameters. In order to decrease the computation time, a parallel strategy is deﬁned. It relies on a virtual enrichment of the meta-model, in order to compute q new objective functions in a parallel environment. Diﬀerent methods of choosing the q new objective functions are presented and compared. Speed-up tests show that Kriging Believer (KB) and minimum Constant Liar (CLmin) enrichments are suitable methods for this parallel EGO (EGO-p) algorithm. However, it must be noted that the most interesting speed-ups are observed for a small number of objective functions computed in parallel. Finally, the algorithm is successfully tested on a real parameters identiﬁcation problem.
National Quail

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Language is an interesting characteristic that is unique to humans. Language represents a method of human communication and is believed to reflect a person’s view of reality (Kramsch 2004). The words used by a person or a community provide insight into the ideas, concepts, and worldview held by people (Pennebaker et al. 2003). In science, publications represent a primary form of communication of ideas among scientists. Publications provide a historical record of a discipline and reflect the relative interest of a scientific community in particular concepts during a given era (Kim et al. 2018). Consequently, how word use in publications changes over time can provide valuable insight into the evolution of a discipline and help identify possible shifts in thinking of the scientific community (McCallen et al. 2019). Quail science
Edinburgh Research Explorer When Is the Right Time to Transmit in Multi-hop White-Fi?

—While Western societies are becoming increasingly connected, many developing regions lack basic Internet connectivity, primarily due to the high costs associated with infrastructure deployment and maintenance. Potential exists for the TV white-space (TVWS) wireless technology to bridge this digital divide, though efﬁcient channel access mechanisms suited to multi-hop networks that operate in sub-gigahertz bands are yet to be developed. Using a small test bed, we demonstrate a prototype implementation of a medium access protocol that learns appropriate transmission opportunities in such settings, achieving pseudo-scheduled behaviour ex tempore and providing substantial gains over the de facto IEEE 802.11af protocol.
Center for Artificial Intelligence Challenge on Conversational AI Correctness

This paper describes a challenge on Conversational AI correctness with the goal to develop Natural Language Understanding models that are robust against speech recognition errors. The data for the competition consist of natural language utterances along with semantic frames that represent the commands targeted at a virtual assistant. The specification of the task is given along with the data preparation procedure and the evaluation rules. The baseline models for the task are discussed and the results of the competition are reported.
CAUSALITY BETWEEN MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING AND UNIVERSAL BASIC EDUCATION (UBE) PERFORMANCE: AN APPLICATION OF VECTOR ERROR CORRECTION AND VARIANCE DECOMPOSITION MODELS TO NIGERIA.

This paper examines the impact of management accounting on the performance of primary education level/UBE in Nigeria empirically. The study provides the opportunity to take stock of efforts in UBE key areas and correct strategies for the successful implementation of initiatives. A review of basic education literature since the World Declaration on Education for All to UBE through UPE was made. System theory was adopted as the study theoretically framework. The study utilizes annual data of Aggregate funding, Teachers' welfare, Infrastructure and learning facilities, monitoring and supervision between 1999 to 2011. In the analysis, we tested for stationarity using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The test for long-run relationship was conducted using Johnsen Cointegration test. Vector Error Correction model (VECM) was used to test the causality. The results show that data satisfied stationarity test. There is a long-run relationship between funding and the variables that measures the performance of primary education/UBE in Nigeria. The study also found that causality runs from funding to performance of education sector. The policy implication of these findings shows that there is a long-run relationship among the variables. Policies to attract funding into the primary education level/UBE should have a long range view and be sustainable in administration and planning of primary/UBE system of education in line with MDGs 2015. The study concludes that investment in human capital through education is the cornerstone for sustainable development. The delivery of equitable, quality education provides an opportunity to improve the quality of lives of our people. This will help in reducing poverty and insecurity. Our pupils will be prepared to adapt to the global economy and meet international performance standard. No amount of money pumped into the poverty alleviation program and security by federal government of Nigeria will alleviate poverty and security challenges without eradicating illiteracy. Adequate funding must be provided by all education stakeholders and monitoring. This will provide strategies for implementation of education policies for development that will ensure sustainable growth.
Traitement et analyse des données du radar MARSIS/Mars Express

Ce memoire decrit le traitement et l'analyse des donnees du Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS). Le traitement de ces donnees a principalement consiste a compenser la distorsion ionospherique. Cette correction a permis de realiser une mesure indirecte du contenu electronique de l'ionosphere. Grâce a ces mesures, nous avons pu etudier en detail l'ionosphere martienne. Nous avons ainsi montre que le champ magnetique remanent modifiait la distribution des electrons de l'ionosphere en precipitant les particules du vent solaire le long des lignes de champ radiales. Les radargrammes corriges nous ont permis d'etudier en detail les calottes martiennes. Nous faisons le bilan du volume des calottes polaires de Mars en utilisant des outils numeriques developpes pour le pointage des interfaces. Nous montrons ainsi que le volume des calottes correspondrait a une couche d'eau d'environ 20 m d'epaisseur repartie sur toute la planete. Nous etudions enfin la reflectivite de la surface martienne. Pour cela, nous avons extrait l'amplitude de l'echo de surface de chaque pulse MARSIS, puis, apres avoir calibre ces mesures, nous avons cree une carte globale de l'albedo radar. Nous nous sommes attaches a decrire cette carte de reflectivite, d'abord de maniere globale, puis plus localement autour de Medusae Fossae et de la calotte residuelle sud. Nous montrons que la reflectivite decroit avec la latitude, cette constatation est surement liee a la presence d'un pergelisol lorsqu'on remonte vers les hautes latitudes. Pres de l'equateur, nous observons que les formations de Medusae Fossae possedent une constante dielectrique de 2,4+/-0.5 ce qui est caracteristique d'un terrain poreux et/ou riche en glace. Dans cette meme region, nous montrons que, dans les plaines d'Elysium et Amazonis, la constante dielectrique est egale a 7\pm1 et nous observons une interface dans la plaine d'Amazonis a environ 140+/-20 m, notre conclusion est que ces resultats sont caracteristiques d'ecoulements de lave. L'etude de la calotte residuelle sud de Mars, a l'aide d'un modele de reflectivite multi-couches, nous permet d'estimer l'epaisseur de CO2 qui couvre cette region a 11+/-1.5 m.
Vehicular Networks

A significant number of promising applications for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are becoming a reality. Most of these applications require a variety of heterogenous content to be delivered to vehicles and to their on-board users. However, the task of content delivery in such dynamic and large-scale networks is easier said than done. In this article, we propose a classification of content delivery solutions applied to VANETs while highlighting their new characteristics and describing their underlying architectural design. First, the two fundamental building blocks that are part of an entire content delivery system are identified: replica allocation and content delivery. The related solutions are then classified according to their architectural definition. Within each category, solutions are described based on the techniques and strategies that have been adopted. As result, we present an in-depth discussion on the architecture, techniques, and strategies adopted by studies in the literature that tackle problems related to vehicular content delivery networks.
Climate Change and Sustainable Water Management in Central Asia

Field observations in Central Asia indicate that the climate has been warming and the consequences of this trend have already been observed. Disasters related to climate change destroy settlements, agricultural land, and infrastructure. Central Asian countries should therefore develop resilience and adapt to climate change. This report shows the results of the research combining field observations with sophisticated satellite-based data and created models to demonstrate the impacts of climate change on the hydrology of the Aral Sea Basin.
Current Account Deficits in Industrial Countries: The Bigger They are, the Harder They Fall?

There are a number of worrisome features of the U.S. current account deficit. In particular, its size and persistence, the extent to which it is financing consumption as opposed to investment, and the reliance on debt inflows raise concerns about the likelihood of a sharp adjustment. We examine episodes of current account adjustment in industrial countries to assess the validity of these concerns. Our main findings are (i) larger deficits take longer to adjust and are associated with significantly slower income growth (relative to trend) during the current account recovery than smaller deficits, (ii) consumption-driven current account deficits involve significantly larger depreciations than deficits financing investment, and (iii) there is little evidence that deficits in economies that run persistent deficits, have large net foreign debt positions, experience greater short-term capital flows, or are less open are accommodated by more extensive exchange rate adjustment or slower growth. Our findings are consistent with earlier work showing that, in general, current account adjustment tends to be associated with slow income growth and a real depreciation. Overall, our results support claims that the size of the current account deficit and the extent to which it is financing consumption matter for adjustment.
Hypothesis testing on the planktic foraminiferal survival model after the KPB mass extinction: evidence from Tunisia and Algeria

A historical review of the extinction, survival, and evolutionary models of planktic foraminifera proposed for the Cretaceous/Paleo-gene boundary (KPB) mass extinction event sometimes leaves the impression that there is still no conclusive evidence to support any single one of them. Two main models have been put forward: i) catastrophic mass extinction, almost total for some authors, compatible with the geologically instantaneous paleoenvironmental effects of a large meteorite impact (Chicxulub impact, Mexico); and ii) gradual mass extinction, compatible with the paleoenvironmental effects of massive, long-lasting volcanism (Deccan Traps, India). Over the years, a lot of evidence has been proposed supporting one hypothesis or the other, highlighting isotopic (δ 18 O, δ 13 C, 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) as well as taphonomic, biostratigraphic, quantitative (relative and/or absolute abundance), phylogenetic, and even teratological. We review previous planktic foraminiferal and stable isotope studies, and provide new quantitative and statistical tests from two pelagic sections: the El Kef section (Tunisia), recognized as the most continuous and expanded lowermost Danian section worldwide, and the Sidi Ziane section (Algeria), affected by relevant hiatus in the lower Danian. The results indicate that all the latest Maastrichtian planktic foraminiferal species except those of Guembelitria went extinct exactly at the KPB, supporting the hypothesis of an almost total extinction. In the light of this new evidence, we maintain that the Maastrichtian planktic foraminiferal specimens found worldwide in lower Danian samples could be the result of similar reworking and vertical mixing processes to those at El Kef and Sidi Ziane.