Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wenn aus einem Bauchgefühl viszerale Schmerzen werden: Placebo- und Nocebo-Mechanismen entlang der Darm-Hirn-Achse

Zusammenfassung Das Erleben von Schmerz ist nach heutigem Verständnis durch eine Vielzahl biologischer, psychologischer und sozialer Faktoren geprägt und somit eine komplexe, von der Nozizeption abzugrenzende, psychologische Erfahrung. Entsprechend ist das Schmerzerleben durch psychologische Faktoren modulierbar und chronische Schmerzen werden als biopsychosoziale Erkrankungen verstanden. Dies gilt auch für den Viszeralschmerz, dem spezifische psychophysiologische Prinzipien und neurobiologische Mechanismen zugrunde liegen, was eine interdisziplinäre Betrachtung unter Einbeziehung der Psychologie und der Neurowissenschaften erforderlich macht. Ausgehend von den bidirektionalen Verbindungen zwischen Darm und Hirn und aufbauend auf einem biopsychosozialen Krankheitsmodell beschreibt dieser Übersichtsbeitrag psychologische Mechanismen, die bei der Entstehung, Aufrechterhaltung und Therapie viszeraler Schmerzen wichtig sind. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf positiven und negativen Erwartungseffekten im psychosozialen Behandlungskontext. Therapieerwartungen können Krankheitssymptome sowohl positiv als auch negativ beeinflussen. Diese gemeinhin als Placebo- und Noceboeffekte bekannten Phänomene, die durch die Arzt-Patient Kommunikation, Lernprozesse, Stress und Furcht vermittelt werden, sind auch für den Viszeralschmerz bei gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen zunehmend anerkannt und Gegenstand aktueller grundlagenwissenschaftlicher und klinischer Forschungsaktivitäten. Neue interdisziplinäre und translationale Forschungsansätze aus der Forschung zu Placebo- und Noceboeffekten liefern spannende Einblicke in die zahlreichen Verbindungen und Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Darm und Gehirn bei normalen wie auch pathologischen Darm-Hirn Interaktionen und können dazu beitragen, die Pathophysiologie von Erkrankungen, die mit viszeralen Schmerzen einhergehen, besser zu verstehen und wichtige Erkenntnisse für neue Therapieansätze zu gewinnen.
Pulsed magnetization processes for HTS bulk components

Magnetization experiments using pulsed Cu coils were carried out on YBCO rings employing multi-pulse processes with different peak fields and pulse durations. Trapped magnetic flux profiles were recorded, and the shapes and absolute values of the remanent magnetization are discussed in terms of the dynamics of such pulsed magnetization processes. While Bean's model with a constant current density J=J/sub c/ describes quasi-stationary processes well, in the pulsed magnetization the transient current density clearly exceeds J/sub c/ and leads to more complex flux flow effects.
An explicit stable Q-compensated reverse time migration scheme for complex heterogeneous attenuation media

Prestack reverse-time migration (RTM) is a popular imaging technique for complex geological conditions, since the amplitude attenuation and velocity dispersion are common in seismic recordings. To image attenuated seismic recordings accurately, a robust migration algorithm with a stable attenuation compensation approach should be considered. In the context of the Q-compensated RTM approach based on the decoupled fractional Laplacians (DFLs) viscoacoustic wave equation, amplitude compensation can be implemented by flipping the sign of the dissipation term. However, the non-physical magnification of image amplitude could lead to a well-known numerical instability problem. The explicit stabilization operator can rectify the amplitude attenuation and suppress the numerical instability. However, limited by the inconvenient mixed-domain operator, the average Q value rather than the real Q value is often used in the compensation operator, lowering the compensated accuracy of the migration image. To overcome this problem, we propose a novel explicit Q-compensation scheme. The main advantage of the proposed compensation operator is that its order is space-invariant, making it more suitable for handling complex heterogeneous attenuation media. Several two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) synthetic models are used to verify the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of amplitude fidelity and image resolution. Field data further demonstrates that our approach has potential applications and can greatly enhance the resolution of seismic images.
Multiobjective Optimization for FJSP Under Immediate Predecessor Constraints Based OFA and Pythagorean Fuzzy Set

In the flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP), immediate predecessor operations have an explicit impact on the scheduling results, and are often ignored. To analyze the influence of immediate predecessor operations on machine tool manufacturing workshops, four forms of immediate predecessor operations with the consideration of uncertain transportation and preparation time are defined. Then, the four forms of immediate predecessor operations are integrated into the FJSP, and a multiobjective FJSP is constructed. An improved optimal foraging algorithm (OFA) and Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS) are combined to establish a multiobjective optimization algorithm, named PFSOFA. This algorithm is then used to solve the multiobjective FJSP. In PFSOFA, the Pareto fronts are mapped into PFSs. The Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) in a PFS are transformed into right triangles, and the distances between the PFNs and the reference PFNs are defined as the distances between their right triangle centroids. Then, all distances of a PFS are integrated by the distance prospect function to obtain a distance prospect value. This value is then used to lead the iteration of PFSOFA. Through extensive experiments, including a real factory application case, the performance of PFSOFA is verified to be better than four classical multiobjective optimization algorithms for solving the multiobjective FJSP constructed in this article. And for the factory case, PFSOFA also obtained the better schemes.
Structure and dynamics of the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during the West African monsoon onset: observations and analyses from the research flights of 14 and 17 July 2006

This paper presents the results of co‐ordinated research flights over the Saharan heat‐low, conducted during July 2006 as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Special Observing Periods. The flights consisted of a morning transect on 14 July 2006 with the Falcon F20 aircraft of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR), using the Doppler lidar WIND to observe the tropospheric winds, followed by an afternoon flight on 17 July with the BAe146 aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) releasing a curtain of 16 dropsondes. Measurements from radiosondes at the Algerian stations of Tamanrasset and In Salah, as well as the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar, are analysed also. It is shown that the daytime Saharan atmospheric boundary layer exhibits a remarkable split structure, with a well‐mixed convective layer lying beneath a residual layer whose dynamics appear to be more nearly laminar. Observations from Saharan radiosonde stations confirm that the Saharan residual boundary layer is, on some days, a persistent rather than a transient feature, and that on occasion the residual layer can last right through the day.
Federated Multiagent Actor–Critic Learning Task Offloading in Intelligent Logistics

Intelligent logistics empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) has become an inevitable trend in the development of modern logistics, thus, a convenient and efficient logistics system has attracted widespread attention. However, how to use AI to execute computation-intensive applications on resource-constrained logistics vehicles (LVs) still faces enormous challenges. For the dependent applications in intelligent logistics, this article investigates a task dynamic offloading strategy for LVs-edge collaboration with multiple dependent tasks, considering the intertask dependency, to guarantee the Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of LVs. First, the dependent application ARCore is modeled and transformed into a model with a linear execution sequence. Then, based on this task model, the joint task offloading and resource allocation problem is formulated. The goal is to minimize the weighted sum cost of the execution delay and energy consumption while guaranteeing the delay tolerance and computing resource constraints of the tasks. Furthermore, we propose a federated LVs-edge collaborative computation (FECC) offloading framework to solve the optimization problem, which only requires each agent to share its model parameters without sharing local training data, thereby reducing the computation complexity and signaling overhead of the multiagent training process. Numerical results show that the proposed strategy has significant advantages in terms of total system cost compared to the baseline strategy.
SCTN: Event-based object tracking with energy-efficient deep convolutional spiking neural networks

Event cameras are asynchronous and neuromorphically inspired visual sensors, which have shown great potential in object tracking because they can easily detect moving objects. Since event cameras output discrete events, they are inherently suitable to coordinate with Spiking Neural Network (SNN), which has a unique event-driven computation characteristic and energy-efficient computing. In this paper, we tackle the problem of event-based object tracking by a novel architecture with a discriminatively trained SNN, called the Spiking Convolutional Tracking Network (SCTN). Taking a segment of events as input, SCTN not only better exploits implicit associations among events rather than event-wise processing, but also fully utilizes precise temporal information and maintains the sparse representation in segments instead of frames. To make SCTN more suitable for object tracking, we propose a new loss function that introduces an exponential Intersection over Union (IoU) in the voltage domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first tracking network directly trained with SNN. Besides, we present a new event-based tracking dataset, dubbed DVSOT21. In contrast to other competing trackers, experimental results on DVSOT21 demonstrate that our method achieves competitive performance with very low energy consumption compared to ANN based trackers with very low energy consumption compared to ANN based trackers. With lower energy consumption, tracking on neuromorphic hardware will reveal its advantage.
Attentional Multi-Channel Convolution With Bidirectional LSTM Cell Toward Hate Speech Prediction

Online social networks(OSNs) facilitate their users in real-time communication but also open the door for several challenging problems like hate speech and fake news. This study discusses hate speech on OSNs and presents an automatic method to identify hate messages. We introduce an attentional multi-channel convolutional-BiLSTM network for the classification of hateful content. Our model uses existing word representation techniques in a multi-channel environment having several filters with different kernel sizes to capture semantics relations at various windows. The encoded representation from multiple channels passes through an attention-aware stacked 2-layer BiLSTM network. The output from stacked 2-layer BiLSTM is weighted by an attention layer and further concatenated and passes via a dense layer. Finally, an output layer employing a sigmoid function classifies the text. We investigate the efficacy of the presented model on three Twitter-related benchmark datasets considering four evaluation metrics. In comparative evaluation, our model beats the five state-of-the-art and the same number of baseline models. The ablation study shows that the exclusion of channels and attention mechanism has the highest impact on the performance of the presented model. The empirical analysis analyzing the impact of different word representation techniques, optimization algorithms, activation functions, and batch size on the presented model ascertains the use of their optimal values.
Echoes and helical surface waves on a finite elastic cylinder excited by sound pulses in water

The echo responses of a finite elastic circular cylinder, excited by obliquely incident sound waves in water, are difficult to analyze by exact theory. In this paper, an approximate theoretical model based on reradiation of the elastic helical surface waves is presented. The basic expressions, suitable in a certain range of angles of incidence, are derived to estimate the time sequence of echo pulses and the resonance modes of the cylinder. Experimental results are shown, and are compared with the calculated results of the time sequence of echo pulses; both are found to be basically in agreement with each other.
Determination of Selection Gradients Using Multiple Regression versus Structural Equation Models (SEM)

Selection studies involving multiple intercorrelated independent variables have employed multiple regression analysis as a means to estimate and partition natural and sexual selection's direct and indirect effects. These statistical models assume that independent variables are measured without error. Most would conclude that such is not the case in the field studies for which these methods are employed. We demonstrate that the distortion of estimates resulting from error variance is not trivial. When independent variables -are intercorrelated, extreme distortions may occur. We propose to use Structural Equation Models (SEM), to estimate error variance and produce highly accurate coefficients for formulation of selection gradients. This method is particularly appropriate when the selection is viewed as happening at the level of the latent variables
The structure of the vorticity field in turbulent channel flow. Part 2. Study of ensemble-averaged fields

Several conditional-sampling techniques are applied to data bases generated by large-eddy and direct numerical simulations. It is shown that the bursting process is associated with well-organized vortical structures inclined at about 45° to the wall. These vortical structures are identified by examining the vortex lines of three-dimensional instantaneous and ensemble-averaged vorticity fields. Two distinct horseshoe-shaped vortical structures corresponding to the sweep and ejection events are detected. These vortical structures are associated with high Reynolds shear stress and hence make a significant contribution to turbulent-energy production.
SV CENTAURI - A TRULY CONTACT BINARY.

A light-curve-synthesis program which implements interpolation in a grid of nongray model atmospheres has been used to determine the geometrical elements of SV Cen by simultaneous differentialcorrection fitting of the three-color light curves obtained in UBV by Irwin and Landolt (1972). Solutions with the mass ratio fixed at its spectroscopic value of 0.84 reveal an extraordinarily high degree of contact between the components (fill-out parameter f = 0.10 ::::: 0.02) and a rather high temperature of the less massive component relative to the more massive component. The large local temperature excess of the secondary star, X = A TIT = 0.78 :::: 0.03 (which results in temperatures 28,000 and 17,0000 K, for the less massive and more massive compounds, respectively) is difficult to understand in the framework of the contact model but might be related to the thermal-time-scale mass-transfer stage of the evolution of SV Cen. Key words: light-curve synthesis - mass transfer
Fast moving plasma structures in the distant magnetotail

We report in this paper for the first time the detailed time behavior of the intensities and the angular distributions of energetic protons and electrons in the distant magnetotail of the earth at approx.220 R/sub E/ and approx.110 R/sub E/. The data have been obtained by the Max-Planck-Institut/ University of Maryland sensor system on ISEE 3 during the spacecrft first deep tail passage. Three energetic particle bursts are studied in detail. At the beginning of these bursts we first observe streaming electrons at an energy of 75--115 keV. These are followed after several minutes by anisotropic protons. The protons exhibit an energy distribution with higher energy protons (approx.20 keV) appearing before lower energy (approx.32 keV) protons. In two of the three cases the streaming electron distributions are followed after 8--15 min by an isotropic electron distribution. At the rear side of the bursts the time dispersion effects are not seen in reverse order. Also, no gradient anisotropy effects are observed in the beginning of the proton streaming. We suggest that the satellite encounters detached plasma structures evidenced by the isotropic electrons. These structures, probably plasmoids, move with high velocities (approx.800 km/s) down the tail. The energetic electrons and protons streammore » ahead of these fast tailward moving plasma structures, which leads to the various time dispersion effects. This allows, in principle, a determination of the source distance from the satellite. « less
Time-Frequency Energy Features for Articulator Position Inference on Stop Consonants

Acoustic-to-Articulatory inversion offers new perspectives and interesting applications in the speech processing field; however, it remains an open issue. This paper presents a method to estimate the distribution of the articulatory information contained in the stop consonants’ acoustics, whose parametrization is achieved by using the wavelet packet transform. The main focus is on measuring the relevant acoustic information, in terms of statistical association, for the inference of the position of critical articulators involved in stop consonants production. The rank correlation Kendall coefficient is used as the relevance measure. The maps of relevant time–frequency features are calculated for the MOCHA–TIMIT database; from which, stop consonants are extracted and analysed. The proposed method obtains a set of time–frequency components closely related to articulatory phenemenon, which offers a deeper understanding into the relationship between the articulatory and acoustical phenomena. The relevant maps are tested into an acoustic–to–articulatory mapping system based on Gaussian mixture models, where it is shown they are suitable for improving the performance of such a systems over stop consonants. The method
Flip-chip bonded VCSELs with integrated microlenses for free-space optical interconnects

For massively parallel interconnects between data processors, or between memory elements and processors, free-space optical techniques have been proposed for some time. In recent years the use of large arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting-lasers (VCLEELs) and photodetectors flip-chip bonded to electronic processing or memory chips has gained acceptance as a very promising technique to accomplish the desired interconnects. The flip-chip bonding provides a simple way of incorporating 3-D electrical interconnects to the small contacts of densely arrayed VCSELs and detectors without adding undo capacitance to limit speed or produce crosstalk.
Non‐linear version of stabilized conforming nodal integration for Galerkin mesh‐free methods

A stabilized conforming (SC) nodal integration, which meets the integration constraint in the Galerkin mesh‐free approximation, is generalized for non‐linear problems. Using a Lagrangian discretization, the integration constraints for SC nodal integration are imposed in the undeformed configuration. This is accomplished by introducing a Lagrangian strain smoothing to the deformation gradient, and by performing a nodal integration in the undeformed configuration. The proposed method is independent to the path dependency of the materials. An assumed strain method is employed to formulate the discrete equilibrium equations, and the smoothed deformation gradient serves as the stabilization mechanism in the nodally integrated variational equation. Eigenvalue analysis demonstrated that the proposed strain smoothing provides a stabilization to the nodally integrated discrete equations. By employing Lagrangian shape functions, the computation of smoothed gradient matrix for deformation gradient is only necessary in the initial stage, and it can be stored and reused in the subsequent load steps. A significant gain in computational efficiency is achieved, as well as enhanced accuracy, in comparison with the mesh‐free solution using Gauss integration. The performance of the proposed method is shown to be quite robust in dealing with non‐uniform discretization. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global regulation of elastic joint robots based on energy shaping

The energy-shaping methodology introduced by Takegaki and Arimoto (1981) is a powerful tool for global regulator design for rigid robot manipulators. In this paper we extend this approach to the global regulator design for elastic joint robots. Under this framework we broach the cases when rotor positions and velocities are available for measurement as well as when only rotor positions can be measured. The structure of these regulators is given by the gradient of a suitable class of artificial potential energies and damping injection via rotor velocity or an appropriate filtering of rotor position.
A near-isotropic circulary polarized antenna for space vehicles

The theoretical design and experimental test of a simple, lightweight, and reliable circularly polarized omnidirectional antenna is reported. The gain for one sense of circular polarization, compared with isotropic, is more than -3 dB over 99 percent of the far-zone sphere. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained. The antenna consists of a ring of crossed slots on a short-circuited cylindrical waveguide that is excited by two TE_{11} modes in phase and space quadrature.
Interpretation of Satellite Imagery of A Rapidly Deepening Cyclone

Model output and observational data are used to interpret, in detail, satellite images of a distinctive cloud system several hundred kilometres long which was observed before and during rapid cyclonic development that occurred over England. Conceptual models are forwarded which account for the structure of the major cloud areas and upper-level moisture fields (as observed by water vapour imagery) immediately prior to and following the onset of vigorous cyclogenesis. The cloud system corresponded to what R. B. Weldon refers to as a baroclinic leaf cloud and was characterized by ‘ana’ cold frontal ascent. the baroclinic leaf lay within an area of enhanced ascent ahead of a major upper-level trough. A jet streak which originated upstream, propagated rapidly around the base of the upper trough. A tongue of dry air centred on the left flank of this jet streak lay immediately upstream of the leaf cloud and had a major influence on its subsequent development. This intrusion of dry air was well represented by the Meteorological Office fine mesh model, which showed it as a pronounced tongue of recently descended air with high potential vorticity, which originated in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Rapid cyclogenesis occurred as the dry intrusion overran low-level air of high θw within a warm conveyor belt at the southern tip of the leaf cloud. Interaction of the dry intrusion and baroclinic leaf cloud is shown to be particularly important in accounting for the detailed distribution of weather. It also suggests a way of pinpointing the location and timing of vigorous cyclogenesis.
Modeling Abilities in 3-IRT Models

This paper considers situations where regression models are proposed to model abilities on three parameter logistic models. After a summary of the classical approach to estimate the item parameters and the abilities, we provide an exposition of the maximum likelihood method to estimate the regression parameters. We analyze how good these estimations are, using a simulated study, and we include an application.