Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescription analgesic use among young adults: adherence to physician instructions and diversion.

OBJECTIVES To understand the extent to which medication adherence was related to diversion of prescription analgesics. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of data from the College Life Study, a prospective study of young adults. SETTING Participants were originally sampled as incoming first-time first-year college students from one large public university in the Mid-Atlantic United States. PARTICIPANTS One hundred ninety-two young adults aged 21-26 who were prescribed an analgesic to treat acute pain in the past year. OUTCOME MEASURE Diversion of prescription analgesics. The study tested two competing hypotheses: 1) individuals who skip doses (under-users) are at greatest risk for diversion because they have leftover medication; and 2) individuals who over-use their prescriptions (over-users) are at greatest risk for diversion, perhaps because of a general propensity to engage in deviant behavior. RESULTS Fifty-eight percent followed physician's instructions regarding their prescription analgesic medication; 27% under-used their prescribed medication and 16% over-used their prescribed medication. Twenty-seven percent of the total sample diverted their medication, with over-users being the most likely to divert (63%). Holding constant demographic characteristics and perceived harmfulness of nonmedical use, over-users were almost five times as likely as adherent users to divert analgesic medications (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between adherence and diversion. If these findings are replicated, physicians who are involved in pain management for acute conditions among young adults should take steps to monitor adherence and reduce diversion of prescription analgesics.
Deoxycytidine Release from Pancreatic Stellate Cells Promotes Gemcitabine Resistance.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. The deoxynucleoside analog gemcitabine is among the most effective therapies to treat PDAC; however, nearly all patients treated with gemcitabine either fail to respond or rapidly develop resistance. One hallmark of PDAC is a striking accumulation of stromal tissue surrounding the tumor, and this accumulation of stroma can contribute to therapy resistance. To better understand how stroma limits response to therapy, we investigated cell-extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to gemcitabine. Conditioned media from pancreatic stellate cells (PSC), as well as from other fibroblasts, protected PDAC cells from gemcitabine toxicity. The protective effect of PSC conditioned media was mediated by secretion of deoxycytidine, but not other deoxynucleosides, through equilibrative nucleoside transporters. Deoxycytidine inhibited the processing of gemcitabine in PDAC cells, thus reducing the effect of gemcitabine and other nucleoside analogs on cancer cells. These results suggest that reducing deoxycytidine production in PSCs may increase the efficacy of nucleoside analog therapies.
The Río Parapetí – Holocene megafan formation in the southernmost Amazon basin

The Río Parapetí – Holocene megafan formation in the southernmost Amazon basin Research on fluvial megafans and foreland basins so far has been mainly concerned with their evolution over geologic timescales, or focused on various aspects of their recent history. This paper documents the landforms on the Río Parapetí megafan in the southernmost Amazon basin in detail in order to unravel changes in geomorphic processes over the Holocene. In addition, new stratigraphic and chronological data from the Bañados de Izozog – an important wetland in the semi-arid Chaco region – is presented. In combination, the data allows the reconstruction of wetland history and suggests significant changes in flow regime and sediment supply of the Río Parapetí throughout the Holocene. In conclusion, these results are discussed in the context of regional environmental change in eastern Bolivia.
The Science Behind Laboratory‐Scale Models of the Earth

Deformation processes involve systems of tens to hundreds of kilometers moving at highly variable rates. Because direct kinematic observations have proven difficult, geoscientists are sometimes found in the lab creating analogs, or laboratory models of the Earth. The main scope—and a key challenge—of laboratory modeling of Earth systems is to provide a quantitative approach for understanding geological processes. Since the last decade, various image analysis techniques in laboratory modeling have been designed and used to constrain the kinematics of the simulated processes at an unprecedented resolution. These techniques prove to be the key quantification tools in experimental modeling, not only allowing mechanical analysis of the experiments but also producing experimental data sets that are directly comparable to geophysical and geodetic data in nature and numerical models.
Developing a hydrological model for the Mekong Basin: impacts of basin development on fisheries productivity

provided program support for IWMI-related activities in these countries. (IWMI working paper 2) / water resources management / river basins / simulation models / hydrology / productivity / flow / fisheries / mapping / data collection / computer techniques / climate / China / iii Acknowledgements This report describes the hydrological aspects of a CGIAR project to model the effects of water flows on aquatic resource production in the Mekong Basin. The project was carried out by the International Centre (MRC, Phnom Penh, Cambodia) together with other institutes and national and regional agencies working in the riparian countries of Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Vietnam. The project commenced in January 2000 and finished in December 2000. The land cover analysis for the Tonle Sap area was carried out, and the data on existing and proposed dams were collated, by Dilkushi De Alwis, IWMI, Colombo.
Mutant Message Down Under

"Mutant Message Down Under" is the gripping fictional account of the spiritual odyssey of an American woman in Australia. Summoned by a remote tribe of nomadic Aboriginals to accompany them on a walkabout through the outback, she makes a four month long journey with the 'Real People', as the tribe calls itself. During this time she learns how they live and thrive in natural harmony with the plants and animals that exist in the rugged geography of the desert region. She faces daily tests of her endurance, and these challenges ultimately contribute to a profound personal transformation. "Mutant Message Down Under", an underground bestseller in its self-published edition, recounts a unique, timely and powerful message for all humankind: that it is not too late to save our world from destruction, if we learn to respect all living beings and to live in harmony with the earth. "The story of a courageous woman who walked with the Aboriginals and learned the wonderful secrets and wisdom of an old, old tribe. Things we all need to learn in our modern society: to get back in touch with nature, to trust and have faith in our inner knowledge and guidance. " - Elisabeth Ka Bler-Ross "A powerful message for all of us. I was hypnotised by the simple truths and spiritual lessons. Read it and tell everyone you know to do the same. " - Wayne Dyer.
Increasing Sample Diversity in Psychiatric Genetics – Introducing a new Cohort of 1 Patients with Schizophrenia and Controls from Vietnam – Results from a Pilot Study 2

31 Objectives: Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of Schizophrenia (SCZ) have 32 provided new biological insights; however, most cohorts are of European ancestry. As a result, 33 derived polygenic risk scores (PRS) show decreased predictive power when applied to 34 populations of different ancestries. We aimed to assess the feasibility of a large-scale data 35 collection in Hanoi, Vietnam, contribute to international efforts to diversify ancestry in SCZ 36 genetic research and examine the transferability of SCZ-PRS to individuals of Vietnamese 37 Kinh ancestry. 38 Methods: In a pilot study, 368 individuals (including 190 SCZ cases) were recruited at the 39 Hanoi Medical University's associated psychiatric hospitals and outpatient facilities. Data 40 collection included sociodemographic data, baseline clinical data, clinical interviews assessing 41 symptom severity and genome-wide SNP genotyping. SCZ-PRS were generated using 42 different training data sets: i) European, ii) East-Asian and iii) trans-ancestry GWAS summary 43 statistics from the latest SCZ GWAS meta-analysis. 44 Results: SCZ-PRS significantly predicted case status in Vietnamese individuals using mixed- 45 ancestry (R 2 liability=4.9%, p=6.83*10 -8 ), East-Asian (R 2 liability=4.5%, p=2.73*10 -7 ) and 46 European (R 2 liability=3.8%, p = 1.79*10 -6 ) discovery samples. 47 Discussion: Our results corroborate previous findings of reduced PRS predictive power 48 across populations, highlighting the importance of ancestral diversity in GWA studies. 49
Assessment of Regional Drought Trend and Risk over China: A Drought Climate Division Perspective

AbstractA combination of Ward’s and k-means clustering was applied to a 3-month standardized precipitation index (SPI-03), and eight divisions of homogeneous drought variation throughout China were identified from the perspective of meteorological and agricultural droughts. A greater meridional gradient appeared over eastern China (six divisions) than over western China (two divisions). The climate division facilitated the evaluating of not only regional but also widespread droughts. Trend evaluation showed that western north China (WNC) has become increasingly wet in recent decades, while northern northeast China (NNE) has become increasingly dry. The Yangtze River valley (YZ) tended to experience less and weaker drought after the late 1970s. Southern northeast China (SNE) and the southwestern China–Tibetan Plateau (SW-TP) showed a decreasing trend in long-term but not short-term SPIs, implying that long-term drought conditions might develop continuously, thus allowing the following droughts to develop mo.
SidechainNet: An all‐atom protein structure dataset for machine learning

Despite recent advancements in deep learning methods for protein structure prediction and representation, little focus has been directed at the simultaneous inclusion and prediction of protein backbone and sidechain structure information. We present SidechainNet, a new dataset that directly extends the ProteinNet dataset. SidechainNet includes angle and atomic coordinate information capable of describing all heavy atoms of each protein structure and can be extended by users to include new protein structures as they are released. In this article, we provide background information on the availability of protein structure data and the significance of ProteinNet. Thereafter, we argue for the potentially beneficial inclusion of sidechain information through SidechainNet, describe the process by which we organize SidechainNet, and provide a software package (https://github.com/jonathanking/sidechainnet) for data manipulation and training with machine learning models.
Social and Economic Aspects of Miombo Woodland Management in Southern Africa: Options and Opportunities for Research

Five themes are identified for social, economic and policy research relating to miombo woodland management in southern Africa. They are: (I) patterns of local institutional change; (2) household use of woodland products; (3) markets for woodland products; (4) longer term dimensions to woodland use and exploitation and (5) policy and legislation. These themes are by no means definitive or exhaustive, but are described here as a means of focusing on the scope of future research, and as a basis for identifying priorities.
EVALUATION OF A BAYESIAN NETWORK FOR PREDICTING ACUTE FISH TOXICITY FROM FISH EMBRYO TOXICITY DATA

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. A cc ep te d A rt ic le S. Jannicke Moe ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3681-3551 EVALUATION OF A BAYESIAN NETWORK FOR PREDICTING ACUTE FISH TOXICITY FROM FISH EMBRYO TOXICITY DATA Adam Lillicrap, S. Jannicke Moe, Raoul Wolf, Kristin A. Connors, Jane M. Rawlings, Wayne G. Landis, Anders Madsen, Scott E. Belanger Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo, Norway Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA Western Washington University, USA 4 Dept. of Computer Science, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark 5 HUGIN EXPERT A/S, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
Contribution of magnetic modeling to the discovery of a hidden massive sulfide body at Hajar, Morocco

The Hajar prospect is located in the Guemassa Paleozoic massif, about 30 km southwest of Marrakesh, Morocco. Visean volcano-sedimentary formations are present in this massif and in the Jebilets massif north of Marrakesh. In these formations, syngenetic massive sulfides occur, and one of these bodies, Kettara in the Jebilets, has been partially mined. Using the Kettara magnetic anomaly to establish the magnetization parameters, we performed a preliminary interpretation of the Hajar anomaly. Our 2.5-D model determined the depth of the structure to be about 150 to 200 m below the surface. This relatively shallow depth was a decisive factor in siting a reconnaissance drillhole, which encountered massive sul-fides between 158 and 276 m. After completing a systematic gravity and magnetic survey, 3-D magnetic modeling was attempted, constrained by the results of four drillholes. Now that more than 20 holes have been drilled, this magnetic model still conforms to the newly revealed geology. Unfortunately, it was not possible to extract useful information concerning the orebody from modeling and interpreting the gravity data. The gravity response is masked by disturbances such as faults and variations in depth and nature of the Visean basement. The discovery of the Hajar deposit shows that magnetic investigations, improved by pertinent modeling techniques, can be used at various stages of exploration to help recognize and define massive sulfide bodies.
Lin_F9: A Linear Empirical Scoring Function for Protein-Ligand Docking

Molecular docking is one of the most widely used computational tools in structure-based drug design and is critically dependent on accuracy and robustness of the scoring function. In this work, we introduce a new scoring function Lin_F9, which is a linear combination of nine empirical terms, including a unified metal bond term to specifically describe metal-ligand interactions. Parameters in Lin_F9 are obtained with a multistage fitting protocol using explicit water-included structures. For the CASF-2016 benchmark test set, Lin_F9 achieves the top scoring power among all 34 classical scoring functions for both original crystal poses and locally optimized poses with Pearson correlation coefficients (R) of 0.680 and 0.687, respectively. Meanwhile, in comparison with Vina, Lin_F9 achieves consistently better scoring power and ranking power with various types of protein-ligand complex structures that mimic real docking applications, including end-to-end flexible docking for the CASF-2016 benchmark test set using a single or an ensemble of protein receptor structures, as well as for D3R Grand Challenge (GC4) test sets. Lin_F9 has been implemented in a fork of Smina as an optional built-in scoring function that can be used for docking applications as well as for further improvement of scoring functions and docking protocols. Lin_F9 is accessible through https://yzhang.hpc. nyu.edu/Lin_F9/.
An Introduction to Cultural Sensitivity and Global Pharmacy Engagement

Global engagement between schools and colleges of pharmacy in the United States and many regions of the world is increasing. For an enriching and fruitful interaction, sensitivity toward the cultural, ethical, educational, religious, historical, political, regulatory, and practice issues is critical. Lack of sensitivity may negatively impact engagement among students, professionals and other people from different regions of the world. In this special issue, eight papers will introduce general information about five regions of the world that have established and increased global engagements with institutions in the United States: Africa, the Arab world, Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America. In addition, the special issue will include a paper with key information related to global engagement within the United States. For each paper, the specifics provided about the selected countries include: demographics, culture, climate, pharmacy education, and health care systems, as well as common stereotypes and misconceptions held by and about the people of the country. Further, recommendations for pharmacists and other health care professionals on culturally sensitive engagement will be emphasized. Finally, recommendations for culturally sensitive engagement when US schools are hosting students and faculty members from those regions will be summarized. The papers are based on literature reviews of databases from 2000 to 2018 and internet searches with specific keywords or terms, such as cultural sensitivity, global, pharmacy, stereotypes, and ethics. Additional keywords are identified in individual papers on specific regions. Authors for each paper consist of practitioners with experience in travelling to and hosting students and professionals from the regions; practitioners with local work experience, and professionals from each region. The special issue is intended to serve as a resource for US schools and colleges of pharmacy currently engaged in or considering future outreach opportunities in these regions, and for those seeking opportunities in the United States. The special issue will provide key information to facilitate culturally sensitive engagement in existing or future relationships.
Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on expression and activity of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in cultured human term placental trophoblast and human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells.

OBJECTIVE 11Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11beta-HSD2) is thought to act as a placental barrier protecting the fetus from high levels of maternal cortisol. On the other hand, intrauterine infection is one of the main causes of preterm birth and adverse fetal outcome, and pro-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to these adverse effects. However, the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on 11beta-HSD2 is still not clear. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) on 11beta-HSD2 in cultured human placental trophoblast and in human choriocarcinoma JEG-3 cells. METHODS Placental trophoblast cells were isolated from human term placenta. Placental trophoblast cells and JEG-3 cells were treated with TNF-alpha (0.1-10 ng/mL) or IL-1beta (0.1-10 ng/mL). Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to study the regulation of 11beta-HSD2 expression. 11beta-HSD2 activity was determined by measuring the rate of cortisol to cortisone conversion in the culture medium using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). RESULTS In placental trophoblast, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta down-regulated 11beta-HSD2 mRNA expression and activity (both P <.05). The protein level was decreased only with IL-1beta (P <.05). In JEG-3 cells, 11beta-HSD2 mRNA was decreased by TNF-alpha but up-regulated by IL-1beta, with no significant change in protein expression and activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggest caution in interpreting data using JEG-3 cells. However, our studies with primary trophoblast suggest that TNF-alpha and IL-1beta may increase the amount of cortisol crossing to the placenta and fetal circulation by attenuating 11beta-HSD2 activity, potentially contributing to preterm labor and altered fetal outcome in uterine infection.
A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project, 1981–86

Title : A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN THE COMMUNITY: THE OXFORDSHIRE COMMUNITY STROKE PROJECT, 1981–861 Authors : Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C Published : 1988 Counting strokes in Oxfordshire: epidemiological rigour and neurological obsessiveness by Charles Warlow Citations are a slippery metric. Slippery to measure because citations from government papers, and books, are seldom counted. Slippery to interpret too. Are many citations because the paper was scientifically groundbreaking like the letter to Nature describing the structure of DNA? Or because it described a trial which changed the way large numbers of people should be treated—for example, by coiling rather than clipping to secure ruptured intracranial aneurysms? Or because the paper described …
The dormancy-specific regulator, SutA, is intrinsically disordered and modulates transcription initiation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Though bacteria in nature are often nutritionally limited and growing slowly, most of our understanding of core cellular processes such as transcription comes from studies in a handful of model organisms doubling rapidly under nutrient-replete conditions. We previously identified a small protein of unknown function, called SutA, in a global screen of proteins synthesized in Pseudomonas aeruginosa under growth arrest (Babin BM, et al. (2016) SutA is a bacterial transcription factor expressed during slow growth in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PNAS 113(5):E597-605). SutA binds RNA polymerase (RNAP), causing widespread changes in gene expression, including upregulation of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Here, using biochemical and structural methods, we examine how SutA interacts with RNAP and the functional consequences of these interactions. We show that SutA consists of a central α-helix with unstructured N- and C-terminal tails, and binds to the β1 domain of RNAP. It activates transcription from the P. aeruginosa rrn promoter by both the housekeeping sigma factor holoenzyme (Eσ70) and the general stress response sigma factor holoenzyme (EσS) in vitro, and its N-terminal tail is required for activation in both holoenzyme contexts. However, we find that the interaction between SutA and each holoenzyme is distinct, with the SutA C-terminal tail and an acidic loop unique to σ70 playing the determining roles in these differences. Our results add SutA to a growing list of transcription regulators that use their intrinsically disordered regions to remodel transcription complexes. SIGNIFICANCE Little is known about how bacteria regulate their activities during periods of dormancy, yet growth arrest dominates bacterial existence in most environments and is directly relevant to the problem of physiological antibiotic tolerance. Though much is known about transcription in the model organism, Escherichia coli, even there, our understanding of gene expression during dormancy is incomplete. Here we explore how transcription under growth arrest is modulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the small acidic protein, SutA. We show that SutA binds to RNA polymerase and controls transcription by a mechanism that is distinct from other known regulators. Our work underscores the potential for fundamental, mechanistic discovery in this important and understudied realm of bacterial physiology.