Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geochemical and Statistical Analyses of Trace Elements in Lake Sediments from Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment

The safety of lake ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has attracted increasing attention, owing to its unique location and ecological vulnerability. Previous studies have shown that the aquatic systems on the QTP have been polluted to varying degrees by trace elements. However, little is known of the distribution and sources of trace elements in lakes in the northeast QTP. Here, 57 sediment samples were collected from six lakes (Dasugan Lake, Xiaoqaidam Lake, Kreuk Lake, Toson Lake, Gahai Lake and Xiligou Lake) in the Qaidam Basin, northeast QTP, and the trace elements (V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ba, Tl, Cd, Pb, and U) were analyzed. The results indicated that Ba, Zn, V, and Cr had a higher content and a wider distribution relative to the other tested elements. Correlation coefficient matrix results showed that the trace elements in the study area were strongly correlated, revealing their source of similarity. Self-organizing maps (SOM, an artificial neural network algorithm) results indicated that the degree of pollution in Xiaoqaidam Lake was the highest, and that of Dasugan Lake was the lowest. Furthermore, all sampling points were clustered into four categories through K-means clustering. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) results indicated that atmospheric deposition and anthropogenic inputs were the main trace elements sources in these lakes, followed by traffic emission and geological sources. Collectively, trace elements of six lakes in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presented high-content and pollution characteristics. This research provides a scientific basis for better water environment management and ecological protection on the QTP.
Acute neuromuscular failure acquired in the community: A state-of-the-art review

Acute neuromuscular failure (ANF) has become a common issue in emergency rooms worldwide. A systematic research was done in multiple data sources. A total of 350 articles were found, exclusion criteria were: not-neurological acute respiratory failure, case reports, duplication, and written in languages other than English or Spanish. One hundred and six abstracts of articles that included definition, epidemiology, etiology, physiopathology, and ANF diagnosis were considered, 70 were re-viewed. Finally, 32 articles focused on decision-making by non-neurological medical staff were taken. Guillain-Barré syndrome seems to be the most common etiology for ANF in Mexico. Myasthenia gravis, autoimmune and oncologic diseases are also common causes for ANF. The clinical signs for an imminent neuromuscular failure are drop head, faltering speech, nasal voice, and sialorrhea. Early diagnosis of ANF leads to better ANF outcomes; it is necessary to establish an approach for the diagnosis in Mexico.
Lamina: Low Overhead Wear Leveling for NVM with Bounded Tail

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) has been considered as a promising candidate for the next generation memory architecture because of its excellent characteristics. However, the endurance of NVM is much lower than DRAM. Without additional wear management technology, its lifetime can be very short, which extremely limits the use of NVM. This paper observes that the tail wear with a very small percentage of extreme deviation significantly hurts the lifetime of NVM, which the existing methods do not effectively solve. We present Lamina to address the tail wear issue, in order to improve the lifetime of NVM. Lamina consists of two parts: bounded tail wear leveling (BTWL) and lightweight wear enhancement (LWE). BTWL is used to make the wear degree of all pages close to the average value and control the upper limit of tail wear. LWE improves the accuracy of BTWL by exploiting the locality to interpolate low-frequency sampling schemes in virtual memory space. Our experiments show that compared with the state-of-the-art methods, Lamina can significantly improve the lifetime of NVM with low overhead.
Epidemiology of Young Stroke in the Ludhiana Population-Based Stroke Registry

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine incidence, risk factors, and short-term outcomes of young stroke in Ludhiana city, Northwest India. Methods: Data were collected on first-ever stroke in patients of age ≥18 years, from hospitals, diagnostic imaging centers, general practitioners, and municipal corporation during March 2011–March 2013 in Ludhiana city, using the World Health Organization Stepwise Approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS). Outcome was documented using the modified Rankin Scale at 28 days. Results: Of 2948 patients, 700 (24%) were in the age group 18–49 years. Annual incidence in this age group was 46/100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 41–51/100,000). Hypertension (84%), diabetes mellitus (48%), and atrial fibrillation (AF) (12%) were found more common in >49 years age group, as compared with 18–49 years age group. Drug abuse (8.7% vs. 6% in age >49 years; P = 0.04) and tobacco intake (8.7% vs. 5.6% in age >49 years; P = 0.02) was more common in young people, that is, 18–49 years age group in comparison to older patients, >49 years age group. Recovery was better in younger subjects (60% vs. 46% in age >49 years P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, younger people were more often literate (odds ratio [OR] 2.52; 95% CI, 1.68–3.77; P < 0.001), employed (OR 3.92; 95% CI, 2.20–5.21; P < 0.001), and 374 (60%) had good clinical outcome, modified Rankin Scale <2 at 28 days follow-up as compared with 938 (46%) older patients (OR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15–2.00; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, drug addiction, and tobacco intake were significantly associated with young stroke. Outcome was also better in younger people.
ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION IN TURBULENT ENVIRONMENTS: THE EFFECT OF PRODUCTIVE ORGANIZATIONAL ENERGY TO MAKE ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY MORE EFFECTIVE.

The COVID-19 outbreak that occurred at the end of 2019 in China and then entered Indonesia in March 2020 has given a lot of impacts on various industries, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that focus in food and beverage such as restaurants, cafés and others. Many studies confirmed that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has a positive relationship with firm performance and that relationship’s dependence on several contingencies. The purpose of this study is to investigate that the positive emotional, cognitive and behavioral resources of organizational members jointly manifest as a higher-level resource (i.e. productive organizational energy) that increase the absorptive capacity (ACAP) of the organization which moderate the relationship between EO and firm performance in turbulent situation. Regarding the objectives of this model, this research will empirically validate using survey data from 50 cafés in Jakarta which selected using stratified random sampling method. Data will be analyze using partial-least-square, structural- equation model of (PLS-SEM). Our study provides useful information that could inform SMEs like cafés in Jakarta that in turbulent situation, organizational energy is needed to increases the absorptive capacity which positively moderates the relationship between EO and firm performance.Keywords: Firm performance, Entrepreneurial orientation, Absorptive capacity, Market turbulence, and Organizational energy
A REVIEW OF 5G WIRELESS NETWORKS: EMERGING PHYSICAL LAYER SECURITY T ECHNIQUES

: Fifth Generation (5G) mobile technologies are emerging as the solution for increasing demands for different aspects like high data rate, reliable connectivity ,low latency, higher capacity and energy and spectrum efficiency. Then, comes into light the concern for security and confidentiality as safeguarding the information in 5G wireless networks is also a vital issue. The Physical Layer Security techniques are grabing interest in wireless communication. This Research paper is providing a comprehensive survey of the 5G networks along with the importance of using Physical layer security techniques. Further, we will explore and study the 5G communication and the techniques like Massive MIMO (Multiple input multiple output), Milimeter wave (mmWave) communication, Non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), Cognitive radio networks, Visible Light Communication and Heterogeneous Networks. Finally, Future challenges and directions to work beyond 5G are also discussed.
Bureaucratic insulation vs accountability: interventions to improve service delivery in Kampala

Service delivery in places such as Kampala, Uganda, are marred by inefficiency, corruption, and negligence. Research suggests that a lack of resources and capacity are primary factors in driving poor service delivery. However, once resource and capacity constraints have been addressed, there is an ongoing debate on how service delivery can be further improved. One argument suggests that bureaucratic insulation – in other words, autonomy – is fundamental to improving government services. This is because government officials, once insulated from influences of corruption (either top-down from politicians, or bottom-up from citizens), are enabled to act in the most effective way. The other argument, driven by principal-agent theories, suggests that increasing accountability to political leaders and citizens ensures that government officials act in the most effective way. This paper sheds light on this debate by examining whether accountability interventions can improve service delivery in settings which do not have bureaucratic insulation. I examine this qualitatively by analysing a citizen feedback initiative conducted by an NGO, SEMA, in Kampala. The analysis shows that interventions designed to improve accountability can in fact play an important role in improving service delivery. It does so by establishing incentives for government officials to perform better, while also creating an evidence base so officials can lobby for more resources. However, such interventions on their own are ultimately unable to tackle systemic forms of corruption, which may be sewn into the fabric of government institutions and everyday life.
A new minimally invasive, nonexcisional, surgical browlift technique with minimal scarring: a protocol for a prospective observational study

Background: The aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate the new minimal invasive (MINE) browlift technique with possibly superior results and minimal visible scarring. Study design: A prospective observational study will be performed on all available data from patients who will undergo a browlift procedure in the HMC from 1 June 2021 till 31 May 2024. Our goal is to include at least 50 patients. Inclusion criteria are: patients with medical (i.e. brow ptosis and facial paralysis) or cosmetic indication, patients with sufficient understanding of the Dutch or English language and willingness to participate in extra study specific follow-up moments and filling in of questionnaires. Exclusion criteria are: less than 18 years of age and patients with previous brow or eyelid surgery. Patients will be photographed preoperatively and postoperatively using the VECTRA camera. Outcome measurements: Scarring after procedure; functionality of eyebrow movement; amount of correction in brow ptosis, measured in VECTRA; longevity of procedure in months; aesthetic result as assessed by questionnaires and adverse effects of procedure will be measured. Ethics and dissemination: The database management software ʻCastorʼ will be used to store and collect the data from the questionnaire. The Medical Research Ethics Committee found this study not eligible to be submitted to the Dutch Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Acts (WMO). Written consent will be obtained from all patients.
Chaotic oscillation control of electric power system based on adaptive backstepping

Electric power system is likely to emerge chaotic oscillation or instability under stronger periodic load perturbation.Backstepping controller has been designed to restrain chaotic oscillation when the magnitude of the periodic load perturbation is certain.Adaptive backstepping controller has been designed to restrain chaotic oscillation when the magnitude of the periodic load perturba-tion is uncertain,it is proved by Lyapunov stability theory that the controlled system with which can obtain asymptotical stability.The performance of the controlle r has been evaluated by numeri-cal simulation.It is concluded that such a controller can drive chaotic or unstable trajectory of powe r system under stronger periodic load perturbation to the initial position,i.e.,the controller can restrain chaotic oscillation and make power system obtain asymptotical stability.The project is supported by Natural Science Research Project Foundation of higher education of Jiangsu prounce(03KJB470035)and Foundation of Science Research Development of Nanjing Uni-versity of Science and Technology.
STRUCTURAL CHARECTERISATION AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF CdCl2

According to this work, CdCl2 doped polyaniline was synthesised using chemical synthesis at varied dopant weight percentages. The optical absorption of pure and CdCl2 doped Polyaniline was investigated using a UV-visible spectrometer over the wavelength range 190–800nm. The chemical interactions, structure, and morphology of pure and doped PANI were investigated using SEM, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (SEM). Due to the dopant, the UV–vis absorption data were recorded by the Shimadzu 2550 (UV 1800 ENG 240V) UV–Visible Spectrophotometer. UV-Visible absorption spectra were utilised to determine the optical energy, direct and indirect band gaps, and other spectral properties. The optical band gap energy decreases to 2.35 eV as the dopant concentration increases. The size of the carbonaceous cluster is defined by a modified version of Tauc's equation, and it expands proportionally to the dopant concentration. The doped PANI results show a change in the FTIR peaks at 2923cm1 and 1226cm. When the concentration of dopants is increased, the 2 value shifts and the intensity of doped films increases. As evidenced by the SEM results, the PANI's surface morphology altered consistently with dopant.
Pedaling Peers: The Effect of Targets on Performance

This paper studies the effect of targets on behavior. A novel dataset of informal amateur cycling competitions allows us to track the behavior of individuals after being displaced from the top of a leaderboard. We model the choice problem of these individuals and derive a set of testable hypotheses. We find, as predicted by the model, that individuals compete sooner and more intensely after displacement. As our main result, we find an inverted-U relationship between the increase in effort and the size of the displacement. Finally, we also explain variation of these effects with sociodemographic variables and observable user characteristics.
Multi-Criteria Optimization of a solar cooling system assisted ground source Heat Pump system

� In this study, optimization of a solar cooling system assisted ground source Heat Pump system (GSHP) is performed. The optimization process was carried out using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Three optimization scenarios, including thermodynamic single objective, thermoeconomic single objective, and multi-objective optimizations, are performed. In the case of multi-objective optimization, an example of a decision-making process for selection of the final solution from the Pareto optimal frontier is presented. It was concluded that the multi-objective optimization considers two objectives of thermodynamic and economic, simultaneously. The results obtained using the various optimization approaches are compared and discussed. It is shown that the thermodynamic optimization is focused on provision for the limited source of energy, whereas the thermoeconomic optimization only focuses on monetary resources. In contrast, the multi-objective optimization considers both energy and money. The results showed that percentages of deviation from ideal values of thermodynamic and economic criteria for the thermodynamic optimized system were 0 % and 905 % respectively. These percentages for the economic optimized system were 104 % and 0 %, respectively. Deviation values from minimum ideal point for the multi-objective optimized design were obtained 10 % and 88 % for thermodynamic and economic criteria, respectively. It was concluded that the multi-objective design satisfies the thermodynamic and economic criteria better than two single-objective thermodynamic and economic optimized designs.
Safe Compositional Network Sketches

NetSketch is a tool for the specification of constrained-flow networks (CFNs) and the certification of desirable safety properties imposed thereon, conceived to assist system integrators in modeling and design. It provides compositional analysis capabilities based on a strongly-typed domain-specific language (DSL) for describing and reasoning about CFNs and relevant invariants. Users can model or design individual network components and perform manual or automated whole-system analysis of the properties thereof. Users can also assemble many instances of these components into larger networks, relying on NetSketch’s less precise but more tractable compositional analysis capabilities. This ability to trade “precision of analysis” for “feasibility of analysis” according to available resources is among the novel features of NetSketch. In earlier work we illustrated how NetSketch is applied to actual domains [6], and provided a formal definition of its underlying formalism [7]. While the NetSketch DSL provides automatic compositional analysis capabilities for modeling and designing entire networks, users may need to employ a wider variety of tools and techniques when modeling and designing individual network components. These can include common tools for reasoning about systems of constraints of various classes (such as linear constraints, quadratic constraints, and so on), as well as logical systems and ontologies that deal with concepts relevant to the application domain. We integrate the AARTIFACT [14] lightweight automated assistant for formal reasoning (which has also been applied in proving the soundness of the NetSketch formalism [15]) as a tool for modeling and designing individual network components. We present use cases within the context of an example application of the NetSketch DSL that demonstrate how the automated assistant provides NetSketch users with both an interface for reasoning formally about constraints, and a straightforward way to implicitly employ a rich domain-specific ontology of logical propositions. This allows users to verify common properties of constraints and constraint sets, and to reason about constraint relationships using automatically verifiable algebraic manipulations.
BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS BY SCENEDESMUS SP. ISOLATED FROM THE TEMPORARY WATERS OF ENDAU ROMPIN, JOHOR, MALAYSIA

Contamination of soil and water by heavy metals threatens the well-being of humans and the natural environment. The need for a cost-effective and efficient method for their removal has led researchers to develop interest in microorganisms that show resistance to these toxic metals. In this work, we used inductive coupled plasma mass spectroscopy to detect the presence of heavy metals Aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) in the wild pond Sungai Buaya , in Johor Malaysia. This research shows the biosorption ability of living cells of micro algae Scenedesmus sp. as a function of metal concentration for these metals. It was found that 78% of Al, 74% of Pb, 24% of Cu and 16% of Ni was taken up by the microalgae. This shows that Scenedesmus sp. has potential for use in further research works particularly in bioremediation of contaminated water and also biosynthesis of nanoparticles.
Semiconductor wafer defect classification using convolution neural network: a binary case

With the multitude of steps used in semiconductor industry, automation is being practiced extensively in its manufacturing processes to guarantee quality of manufactured chips and improvement in production. At front end of line, wafer are probed and defective chips are segregated. From this data wafer bin map are generated, these show defects on the surface of wafers. If analysis of wafer bin map is done manually, this may result in incorrect categorization of defects due to human error and lack of judgement. Thus, the rationale behind this research study is to determine the scope of vision-based methods for automatic classification of wafer defects. In view of this, a classifier which detects Type A and Type B defects in wafers is proposed. It involves a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based binary classifier. 250 Images of each class of wafer bin map dataset, is used to conduct the study on five layer CNN architecture. The proposed setup gives the test accuracy of 97.7%.
Broadband Directional Coupler with High Isolation

A novel wideband microstrip directional coupler operating at 1 to 5 GHz with high isolation is presented in this paper. Parallel coupling lines replace the traditional coupling transmission lines, providing broadband characteristics. The rectangular defected ground structure (DGS) on the RF ground on the back increases the isolation. The coupler was designed using 3D electromagnetic simulations. FR4-type dielectric substrate has been used due to its low cost. Simulation results prove that the proposed directional coupler provides an isolation of at least 20 dB on the full frequency band from 1 to 5 GHz, and reaches 66 dB at 2.89 GHz. The coupling degree is about 12 dB. Moreover, the proposed design can also achieve wide operating bandwidth (approximately 139% fractional bandwidth).
Carrier recombination in CH3NH3PbI3: why is it a slow process?

In methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), a slow recombination process of photogenerated carriers has often been considered to be the most intriguing property of the material resulting in high-efficiency perovskite solar cells. In spite of intense research over a decade or so, a complete understanding of carrier recombination dynamics in MAPbI3 has remained inconclusive. In this regard, several microscopic processes have been proposed so far in order to explain the slow recombination pathways (both radiative and non-radiative), such as the existence of shallow defects, a weak electron–phonon coupling, presence of ferroelectric domains, screening of band-edge charges through the formation of polarons, occurrence of the Rashba splitting in the band(s), and photon-recycling in the material. Based on the up-to-date findings, we have critically assessed each of these proposals/models to shed light on the origin of a slow recombination process in MAPbI3. In this review, we have presented the interplay between the mechanisms and our views/perspectives in determining the likely processes, which may dictate the recombination dynamics in the material. We have also deliberated on their interdependences in decoupling contributions of different recombination processes.