Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF AUTOMATED AUTHENTICATION, KEY AND ADJACENCY MANAGEMENT FOR ROUTING PROTOCOLS

To build secure network-based systems, it is important to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the inter-router control message exchanges. Authenticating neighbors and ensuring their legitimacy is essential. Otherwise, the routes installed could be erroneous or targeted at causing an attack on the system. Current methods, which are based on manual keying, are error prone, not scalable, and result in keys being changed infrequently (or not at all) due to lack of authorized personnel. These issues can be addressed only by having an automated key management system that can automatically generate, distribute and update keys. The issue can be cast as a group key management problem with a `keying group' defined as the set of all routers that share the same key. A keying group can be as large as an entire administrative domain, or as small as a pair of peer routers. The smaller the scope of the key the less damaging the loss of a single key is likely to be. In this thesis, we propose an automated key management system that will be able to handle different categories of keying groups and also ensure important properties such as adjacency management, protection against replay attacks, confidentiality of messages, smooth key rollover, and robustness across reboots. Although there is some ongoing work with regard to developing automated key management systems, none of the existing methods handles all these cases. We have formally validated the protocol designed, for essential security properties such as authentication, confidentiality, integrity and replay protection, using a formal validation tool called AVISPA.
Interactional Traps and Detours: Losing the Common Ground

Interactional traps and detours are specific forms of inefficient or unsuccessful interactions. An interactional trap is a situation where a user believes their objective is not achievable even though it is or, conversely, believes that it is when it is not. A detour is a less serious breakdown that is repairable, though might in other circumstances be a trap. Traps and detours are breakdowns in ‘common ground’ between the interacting agents: the phenomena are not solely a consequence of computer system design, or solely a result of user actions, but arise through the interaction between the agents.
Concept of Internet Marketing as a Modern Organization Development Paradigm

The key theoretical aspects of the formation of marketing and the use of the marketing mix in the modern context are considered. The relevance and conceptual need for improving the marketing mix and the development of practical recommendations taking into account the transformation of the global market and the rapid development of innovative technologies and tools are determined. An in-depth theoretical and methodological analysis of the theory of the marketing mix and its containing elements are carried out, which allowed the author to classify the existing marketing concepts. Due to the lack of a unified system for periodization of development of the marketing mix, the author has developed and proposed the structuring of the main evolutionary stages of marketing development and it’s containing elements. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the formulation of the organization’s Internet marketing concept using the “7P” elements as the main paradigm of the functioning of organizations are developed. A classification of the main elements of the concept of Internet marketing is presented with a description of their characteristics, features of use, advantages and disadvantages, which will allow using these theoretical approaches in practice. It is proved that the formulation of the concept of Internet marketing is impossible without the use of innovative Internet technologies. The main trends in the development of Internet technologies in the world are investigated. Graduation of the countries of the world by the groups of the integrated ICT index is carried out. It is proved that the use of ICT in the process of formulation the concept of Internet marketing is the most effective method in the modern context. The risk indicators and the effectiveness of the use of the concept of Internet marketing by banks of Jordan are assessed and analyzed.
El Dolor

Existe un tipo de dolor que llamamos nociceptivo que se relaciona con la activación de nociceptores (terminales nerviosas especializadas) en respuesta a un estímulos químicos, térmicos o mecánicos, el dolor nociceptivo puede ser visceral o somático, el primero se relaciona con la expansión, distensión o isquemia de alguna víscera, tiende a ser difícil de localizar por el paciente y se describe como profundo, por otro lado el dolor de origen somático y se relaciona a huesos, músculos, tendones, ligamentos, articulaciones y piel, el dolor somático puede ser mucho más fácil de localizar por el paciente.
A generic questionnaire framework supporting psychological studies with smartphone technologies

Many psychological studies are performed with specifically tailored ‘‘paper & pencil’’-questionnaires. Such a paper-based approach usually results in a massive workload for evaluating and analyzing the collected data afterwards, e.g., to transfer data to electronic worksheets or any statistics software. To relieve researchers from such manual tasks and to improve the efficiency of data collection processes, we realized smart device applications for existing psychological questionnaires (e.g., the KINDEX, PDS, or CAPS questionnaire). Based on these applications, we were able to demonstrate the usefulness of smart devices (e.g., smartphones or tablets) for mobile data collection in the context of psychological questionnaires. Although the implemented applications already have shown several advantages in respect to data collection and analysis, they have not been suitable for psychological studies in the large scale yet, e.g., due to the high maintenance efforts for the psychologists. More precisely, changes to a questionnaire or its structure still must be accomplished by computer scientists, since its implementation is hard-coded. What is needed instead is an easy-to-use and self-explaining framework for creating, running, and evolving the questionnaires of psychological studies on mobile and smart devices. In this context, supporting the complete questionnaire lifecycle is essential, i.e., IT support for creating, using, evaluating, and archiving questionnaires is required to assist end-users having no programming background. We present our generic questionnaire framework, which encompasses the following three parts: a questionnaire configurator to create the questions and questionnaires, a way of integrating mobile devices to deploy, run and log questionnaires, and a middleware enabling a secure data exchange. Finally, we discuss how smartphone technology and mobile devices can be used to suitably support psychologists in their daily work with questionnaires. As major benefit of the framework, better data quality, shorter evaluation cycles, and significant decreases in workload will result.
Early‐life conditions impact juvenile telomere length, but do not predict later life‐history strategies or fitness in a wild vertebrate

Abstract Environmental conditions experienced during early life may have long‐lasting effects on later‐life phenotypes and fitness. Individuals experiencing poor early‐life conditions may suffer subsequent fitness constraints. Alternatively, individuals may use a strategic “Predictive Adaptive Response” (PAR), whereby they respond—in terms of physiology or life‐history strategy—to the conditions experienced in early life to maximize later‐life fitness. Particularly, the Future Lifespan Expectation (FLE) PAR hypothesis predicts that when poor early‐life conditions negatively impact an individual's physiological state, it will accelerate its reproductive schedule to maximize fitness during its shorter predicted life span. We aimed to measure the impact of early‐life conditions and resulting fitness across individual lifetimes to test predictions of the FLE hypothesis in a wild, long‐lived model species. Using a long‐term individual‐based dataset, we investigated how early‐life conditions are linked with subsequent fitness in an isolated population of the Seychelles warbler Acrocephalus sechellensis. How individuals experience early‐life environmental conditions may vary greatly, so we also tested whether telomere length—shorter telomers are a biomarker of an individual's exposure to stress—can provide an effective measure of the individual‐specific impact of early‐life conditions. Specifically, under the FLE hypothesis, we would expect shorter telomeres to be associated with accelerated reproduction. Contrary to expectations, shorter juvenile telomere length was not associated with poor early‐life conditions, but instead with better conditions, probably as a result of faster juvenile growth. Furthermore, neither juvenile telomere length, nor other measures of early‐life conditions, were associated with age of first reproduction or the number of offspring produced during early life in either sex. We found no support for the FLE hypothesis. However, for males, poor early‐life body condition was associated with lower first‐year survival and reduced longevity, indicating that poor early‐life conditions pose subsequent fitness constraints. Our results also showed that using juvenile telomere length as a measure of early‐life conditions requires caution, as it is likely to not only reflect environmental stress but also other processes such as growth.
Detecting driver distraction

The increasing use of in-vehicle information systems (IVISs), such as navigation devices and MP3 players, can jeopardize safety by introducing distraction into driving. One way to address this problem is to develop distraction mitigation systems, which adapt IVIS functions according to driver state. In such a system, correctly identifying driver distraction is critical, which is the focus of this dissertation. Visual and cognitive distractions are two major types of distraction that interfere with driving most compared with other types. Visual and cognitive distraction can occur individually or in combination. The research gaps in detecting driver distraction are that the interactions of visual and cognitive distractions have not been well studied and that no accurate algorithm/strategy has been developed to detect visual, cognitive, or combined distraction. To bridge these gaps, the dissertation fulfilled three specific aims. The first aim demonstrated the layered algorithm developed based on data mining methods could improve the detection of cognitive distraction from my previous studies. The second aim developed estimation algorithms for visual distraction and demonstrated a strong relationship of the estimated distraction with the increased risk of real crashes using the naturalistic data. The third objective examined the interaction of visual and cognitive distractions and developed an effective strategy to identify combined distraction. Together these aims suggest that driver distraction can be detected from performance indicators using appropriate quantitative methods. Data mining techniques represent a promising category of methods to construct such detection algorithms. When combined in a sequential way, visual distraction dominates the effects of distraction while cognitive distraction reduces the overall impairments of distraction on driver performance. Therefore, it is not necessary to detect cognitive distraction if visual distraction is present.
ANALYSIS OF ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION'S NEW PAVEMENT NETWORK OPTIMIZATION SYSTEM

The award-winning network optimization system (NOS) has been revised, improved, and implemented in an advanced 32-bit microcomputer environment in the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) for more than 1 year. The new NOS is named AZNOS, which stands for Arizona Network Optimization System. NOS has been the primary instrument used by ADOT in planning its highway preservation program since 1980. An analysis of the microcomputer implementation in the 32-bit operating environment by using a newly developed linear optimizer, NOSLIP, is presented. The desktop AZNOS encourages use of the model for extensive sensitivity analysis and testing. The sensitivity analysis and sample runs of the new AZNOS are demonstrated. The results show that the budgetary requirements from steady-state runs should not be used for an actual highway preservation program. Instead, a "pseudo-steady state", when the budget based on AZNOS multiperiod runs stabilizes after a transition period, is used for budget planning. Rules to set up an infeasible action list were also established to improve the effectiveness of the model. Finally, discussions were made to demonstrate how ADOT management, engineers, and university faculty teamed up to apply true optimization techniques in solving real-world pavement management problems.
Towards Design for Remanufacturing - Metrics for Assessing Remanufacturability

A growing concern about the environment, and especially about waste and landfill, has spurred research into the design of more environmentally benign products. A dramatic reduction in environmental impact can be made by product remanufacturing in which, in contrast to material recycling, the geometrical form of the product is retained and its associated economical and environmental value preserved. Our research goal is to establish design metrics which efficiently and effectively measure the remanufacturability of product designs. In this paper, metrics for assessing the remanufacturability based on product design features are introduced. Similar like Design for Assembly metrics, these Design for Remanufacturing metrics provide a relatively efficient and effective means for a product designer to obtain feedback with respect to the remanufacturability of a product. The metrics have been applied to various case studies, ranging from consumer electronic to automotive products. Feedback from the remanufacturing industry confirms the remanufacturability assessments obtained using the metrics described in this paper.
An Optical Rangefinder For Autonomous Robot Cart Navigation

A simple, low cost, infra-red rangefinder has been developed for investigation of autonomous robot cart navigation in factories and similar environments. A 2mW 0.84 LED source (not a laser) is 100% amplitude modulated at 5MHz and used to form a collimated 1" diameter transmit beam that is unconditionally eye-safe. Returning scattered radiation is focussed by a 4" diameter coaxial Fresnel lens onto a p-i-n silicon photodiode. Range is determined from the phase shift between the 5MHz modulation on the transmitted and received signals. Use of a rotating mirror provides 360° polar coordinate coverage of both distance and reflectance out to "20 ft. around the vehicle. Both radial and angular resolution correspond to ~l inch at a ranging distance of 5 ft. , with an overall bandwidth of ~lKHz. The ranging resolution at 20 ft. is '2.5 inches, which is close to the theoretical limit possible for the radiated power, bandwidth, optics and receiver employed. The system is capable of reading wall bar codes "on the fly" and is in addition capable of simultaneously ranging and acting as a wideband optical communication receiver. Total parts cost for the optical transmitter, Fresnel lens, receiver and all the electronics is <$200. The remaining major parts, consisting of the rotating mirror, ring mounting, motor and incremental encoder, cost <$500.
Ray-based Propagation Modeling for OFDM-based Mobile Networks

The demand for high data rate is ever increasing. OFDM-based wideband systems such as LTE and WiMAX are being employed as they can provide such high data rates. The performances of these systems not only depend on SNR but also on wideband arameters such as delay spread and angular spread. Obstacles (buildings, trees, vehicles, lamp posts, etc.) in radio propagation environment can cause reflection, diffaction and scattering ofthe radio signal. This results in attenuation, dispersion in time and spreading in angle of the radio signal at the receiver. The resulting delay spread and angular spread affect the performance of OFDM and MIMO technologies respectively, which are adopted for future mobile network systems (LTE and WiMAX). To evaluate the performance of wideband OFDM-MIMO systems, it is therefore important that these wideband parameters be accurately predicted. Propagation modeling based on ray-tracing can be used to predict these wideband parameters. To this end, the prediction accuracies that these models can provide in different scenarios have to be evaluated. In this thesis, the prediction accuracy of received power, delay spread and angular spread that was achieved by using 3D ray-tracing prediction model has been evaluated by comparing predictions with wideband field measurements. The prediction results showed reasonable agreement with the measurements. The effects of parameter settings of ray-based propagation model on the predictions were also studied and the results are presented in this thesis.
Causes for Late Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Three Colombian Border Regions and Strategies to Implement a Program for Its Control

Background: Although cervical cancer is preventable through early detection and appropriate treatment, it is still one of the most common cancers in the developing word. In Colombia approximately half of the women diagnosed with cervical cancer die. The purpose of our study was to determine factors associated with delay in the diagnosis of cervical cancer (CC) and to establish strategies for its control in three border regions of Colombia with high number of indigenous and impoverished population.Methods: We conducted a mixed study with convergent triangulation. The study was developed in two stages, first the quantitative component comprising a case-control study, followed by the qualitative component that included interviews and focus groups to healthcare personnel, members of women’s associations, indigenous communities, and quantitative phase´participants. We used the three-delay model as our theoretical framework; this has helped understanding the delay in decision-making by women regarding seeking care (delay 1: individual), arriving at the healthcare institution (delay 2: access), and receiving the appropriate treatment at the institution (delay 3: care and quality). Results: Fifty-five women participated in the quantitative phase, and we conducted 64 interviews and 9 focus groups. Time between the first appointment or Pap smear and final diagnosis was more than two months in 76% of the participants. Delay one was most common among women in La Guajira (higher concentration of indigenous population), and delay two and three in Nariño. Pap smear after 25 years of age (p= 0.002), and more than 3 years apart, once in a lifetime, or never (p< 0.001) were associated with invasive CC. Barriers to undergo a Pap smear were negative experiences with the healthcare system, lack of symptoms, lack of an active sexual life, having only one partner or their partner not having other sexual partners, and fear of the test being painful. The main strategies proposed to prevent and control CC were education, improve actions to promote Pap smear, and human talent strengthening.Conclusion: Even though individual factors played an important role in a delay diagnosis, they are closely influenced by actions of health care services, insurers, and public health actions.
Omvärlds- och framtidsanalys : längre och tyngre väg- och järnvägsfordon

VTI has previously shown that there are socio-economic benefits of using longer and heavier road vehicles than the rest of the EU, i.e. 25.25 metres and 60 tons are permitted. The aim of the Co-modality project is to investigate the consequences of using even longer and/or heavier road and railway vehicles. This first subproject aims to answer which dimensions and weight limits with regards to road and railway vehicles that the Co-modality project should investigate further as well as the effects. A literature review has been conducted and to capture the views of Swedish stakeholders and transportation experts, a questionnaire survey was conducted. The respondents were invited to a hearing, too. The reason for the survey was to establish which road and railway vehicles would be in demand year 2030. The results show that no extreme changes are expected and that volume capacity was requested to a further extent than weight. For road vehicles, it is mainly a question of continuing to build on the European Modular System that combines different standardised load carriers. It allows member states to have different dimensions to those in other EU countries. For railway vehicles the demand is mainly for longer trains, but also heavier. Road safety, infrastructure, congestion, environment and transportation economy are the aspects that we identified as relevant for longer and/or heavier road and railway vehicles.
Apolipoprotein L1 Risk Genotypes in Ghanaian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

Objective: Two Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) risk variants (RV) are enriched in sub-Saharan African populations due to a conferred resistance to Trypanosoma brucei. This comes at the cost of progressive renal disease by multiple causes including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In African Americans, APOL1 high-risk genotypes have emerged as an important risk factor for progressive lupus nephritis. Despite emerging reports that SLE is common in Ghana, where APOL1 variant allelic frequencies are high, the regional contribution to SLE outcomes has not been described. Accordingly, this prospective longitudinal cohort study tested the associations between APOL1 high-risk genotypes and kidney outcomes, organ damage accrual, and death in 100 Ghanaian SLE patients.Methods: A prospective cohort of 100 SLE outpatients met four 1982 American College of Rheumatology SLE criteria. Patients were assessed for demographics, SLE activity, and organ injury as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SDI) at baseline and every 6 months for 1 year. Serum, plasma, and saliva samples were taken for serologic testing and APOL1 genotyping. Outcomes of interest were kidney function, SDI, and case fatality. Results: Assuming a recessive model of inheritance, the APOL1 high-risk genotype (2RV) associated with developing end stage renal disease (ESRD) at an odds ratio of 14 (p=0.008). These patients accrued more SDI points particularly in renal, neurologic, and cardio/pulmonary domains. The SDI was 81.3% higher in 2RV patients compared to 0RV or 1RV patients despite no difference in SLE activity (p=0.02). After a 12 month period of observation, 3/12 (25%) of the 2RV patients died compared to 2/88 (2.3%) of the 0RV or 1RV carriers (odds ratio=13.6, p=0.01). Deaths were due to end stage kidney disease and heart failure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that in Ghanaian SLE patients, APOL1 risk variants are heritable risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Despite no appreciable differences in SLE severity, APOL1 high-risk patients exhibited progressive renal disease, organ damage accrual, and a 13-fold higher case fatality rate.