Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Authentic Leadership, Trust, and Social Exchange Relationships under the Influence of Leader Behavior

During the pandemic, government policies such as social distancing and telework have impacted trust and working or social exchange relationships in the workplace. The behavior of leaders is critical for good leadership, employees’ trust, and social exchange relationships. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the associations among authentic leadership, trust, and social exchange relationships under the influence of leader behavior. A regression-based approach was used to test the moderating and mediating effects. The results show that authentic leadership positively impacts trust and social exchange relationships, whereas trust directly affects social exchange relationships. During COVID-19, leader behaviors with ability, ethics, and positive relationships have had a positive impact on the association between authentic leadership, trust, and social exchange relationships. Additionally, trust positively mediates authentic leadership and social exchange relationships. The findings of this paper suggest that authentic leadership promotes trust and high-quality social exchange relationships. Moreover, based on leader behaviors during COVID-19, the ability to manage change effectively, boost employees’ work motivation, provide support, and take appropriate action is essential for authentic leadership to increase trust and foster a positive working relationship based on social exchange. Finally, regarding social exchange theory, high-quality leader behaviors and the leader–follower relationships drive positive associations among variables. These results will help organizational management teams to find methods to improve their organizational working relationships. The implication is that the abilities, ethics, and supportive and positive relationship behaviors of leaders are essential for effective management to improve leadership, trust, and social exchange relationships. Leaders should have the ability to manage work and people, even with teleworkers. Therefore, leader behaviors are important to maintain organizational sustainability. Further discussion on theoretical and practical implications is provided in the section.
Diverse Physical Processes Drive Upper‐Tail Flood Quantiles in the US Mountain West

Floods in the mountainous western U.S. typically arise from rainfall, snowmelt, or rain‐on‐snow (ROS). This implies that streamflow records comprise “mixtures” of flood regimes with differing physical characteristics. This runs counter to the assumption, made in flood hazard practice, that flood observations are independent and identically distributed. In this study, we examine 308 watersheds and 281 (91%) of which exhibited substantial roles of at least two flood regimes, with rainfall and ROS accounting for the very largest floods. We demonstrate that flood mixtures can have dramatic impacts on upper‐tail flood quantiles—rarer than the 0.01 annual exceedance probability. While the geographic distribution of mixed flood regimes is explained by climate and elevation, such regimes are subject to future change due to climate warming. The complexities brought about by diverse flood mixtures require process‐based approaches for understanding and modeling future flood frequency distributions.
Chicken genetic diversity, improvement strategies and impacts on egg productivity in Ethiopia: a review

SUMMARY Chicken production is a vital part of livestock production in Ethiopia. Amongst others, it provides economic, cultural and religious benefits. With few intensive chicken farms in and around cities, the major production system is traditional chicken farming that supports more than 85% of producers and sources of major egg and chicken meat supplies. Unimproved local chickens are commonly used which are characterised by low egg production, late-maturing and long brooding behaviour. As a result, various exotic chicken breeds were imported to different parts of the country with an aim to improve egg and meat production. So far, more than 20 exotic chicken breeds were introduced. The crossbreeding strategy had shown a certain extent of positive impact at both smallholder and intensive farming conditions. However, it was criticised for unplanned implementation, uncontrolled and indiscriminate crossbreeding that led to a genetic dilution of local genotype and reduction in performances of improved breeds under extensive systems. Moreover, it has resulted in the erosion of adaptive local genetic resources to various stressful tropical environments. So, many research findings confirm, the unsustainability of crossbreeding attempts under farmer’s management conditions and in search for optional strategies. As result, a selective breeding (Horro chicken breed) and synthetic breed (DZ-white) were developed and showed better performance under on-farm and on-research stations. Recently, improved Horro breeds are at their 11th generation of selection, whereas DZ-white synthetic breed is at the 5th generation. In general, chicken breeding in Ethiopia is known for lacking a sustainable breed improvement plan, limited selective breeding on targeted economic traits, a lack of a working breeding policy and evaluation for genetic gains using records. Therefore, the current mass importation of the exotic breeds is harming local genetic diversity; so it should be minimised and adapted crossbreds could be focused, besides Horro selective breeding and adoption of DZ white synthetic breed.
Pathogenic T-Cell Responses in Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a group of immune-mediated kidney diseases affecting glomeruli and the tubulointerstitium. Glomerular crescent formation is a histopathological characteristic of severe forms of GN, also referred to as crescentic GN (cGN). Based on histological findings, cGN includes anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated GN, a severe form of ANCA-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, Goodpasture’s disease, and IgA nephropathy. The immunopathogenesis of cGN is associated with activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which particularly accumulate in the periglomerular and tubulointerstitial space but also infiltrate glomeruli. Clinical observations and functional studies in pre-clinical animal models provide evidence for a pathogenic role of Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated immune responses in cGN. Emerging evidence further argues that CD8+ T cells have a role in disease pathology and the mechanisms of activation and function of recently identified tissue-resident CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in cGN are currently under investigation. This review summarizes the mechanisms of pathogenic T-cell responses leading to glomerular damage and renal inflammation in cGN. Advanced knowledge of the underlying immune mechanisms involved with cGN will enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets for the replacement or reduction in standard immunosuppressive therapy or the treatment of refractory disease.
Brokered Rule: Militias, Drugs, and Borderland Governance in the Myanmar-China Borderlands

Abstract This article develops the concept of brokerage to analyse the systems of borderland governance that have underpinned processes of state formation and capitalist development in the conflict-affected Myanmar-China borderland region of northern Shan State since the late 1980s. It focuses on the brokerage arrangements that have developed between the Myanmar Army and local militias, and how the illegal drug trade has become integral to these systems of brokered rule. This article draws particular attention to the inherent tensions and contradictions surrounding brokerage. In the short term, deploying militias as borderland brokers has provided an expedient mechanism through which the Myanmar Army has sought to extend and embed state authority, and has also provided the stability and coercive muscle needed to attract capital, expand trade, and intensify resource extraction. However, at the same time, militias have sought to use their position as brokers to aggrandise their own power and counter the extension of central state control. In the longer term, brokerage arrangements have thus had the effect of reinvigorating systems of strongman borderland governance, further fragmenting the means of violence and the proliferation of drugs and disempowering non-militarised forms of political negotiation.
Wind tunnel test to investigate transition to turbulence on wind turbine airfoil

The choice of the airfoils with excellent aerodynamics characteristics is an essential step in the design of wind turbine blade in order to obtain optimal performances. Wind tunnel test to investigate transition to turbulence on wind turbine airfoil was performed in the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Low Speed Tunnel. Aerodynamic characteristics of a NACA 64(4)-421 airfoil in a two-dimensional setup, such as lift, drag and pressure coefficients were measured for two main cases. In the first case, tests were carried out on a clean airfoil (no turbulator) and in the second case, three configurations with three different positions of turbulator at x=10%, 20% and 50% of chord were tested. A Steady-state, two-dimensional CFD calculations were also carried out for the airfoil in same scale as experimental test using commercial CFD code, Ansys FLUENT 14. The surface coordinates of the experimental airfoil model were measured by coordinate measurement machine (CMM) and optimized in ICEM CFD software included in the Ansys package to create the related geometry and mesh. All experimental and numerical analysis were performed at velocities of V=22, 33, 45, 56, 61 m/s and at angle of attacks ranges between -6? to +30? For the simulation, a minimum of 85000 grids was used to get a grid independent solution. To simulate the transition phenomena, K-? -SST turbulent model was used. Different types of mesh were analyzed in detail by comparing agreement between the simulated aerodynamic characteristics with experimental results. There are good agreement between experimental results and numerical results by using K-? -SST model. Both lift coefficient and pressure coefficient in experimental and numerical studies have good agreement with each other but it is not true for drag coefficients. Also according to different meshes, we found that a mesh with unit zone which contains K-? -SST model is the best model according to the convergence speed and accuracy. The effects of turbulator used in the experiment was not significant. In conclusion the study is partly successful.
Who needs us? Inquiring into the participatory practices of others and what they mean for participatory designers

In this paper, we look at participatory practices performed by others, that is, those not directly engaged in the field of participatory design, and address the question of whether we —participatory design researchers and practitioners — are still necessary. By attempting to understand what others do, we hope to better understand and articulate our own participatory practice and our role in the future. Our findings show that participatory designers are, in fact, still needed, even in contexts where other participatory practitioners play a more central role; it is important that we learn from and collaborate with those other practitioners.
Potential Application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Analysis Method on Malaysian Road Crash Data

By allowing the movement of commodities and people, road transportation benefits both nations and people. This provides improved access to work opportunities, educational attainment, recreation, and healthcare, all of which have a direct and indirect influence on people. The influence on road transportation, on the other hand, has a detrimental impact on people's health. When addressing road traffic accidents, it is common known that it has merely become a global pandemic, with over a million people dying on the road each year. Malaysia, as a growing country, has identified road safety as a major issue that must be addressed. Reliable road safety statistics are critical for comprehending, assessing, and monitoring the nature and scope of the road safety problem and its solutions, for setting ambitious but realistic safety targets, for designing and implementing effective road safety policies, and for monitoring their success. Several approaches are presently utilized by road safety researchers to produce road safety indicators. In Malaysia, nearly all decisions made by the country's higher authorities to enhance road safety are based on data supplied by relevant stakeholders. As a result, having the proper application of analysis as well as the trustworthiness of the data itself is critical. This article will give a review of the possible use of the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Analysis technique on traffic road collision data and what it may provide to assist monitor or forecast road safety issues, specifically in Malaysia. A new era in the field of road accident investigation is being ushered in by the development and application of analytical methodologies, which are creating previously unimaginable situations. Due to the convergence of recent advancements in accident research models and the availability of potentially new sources of traffic data, this paradigm shift has been made possible. The study of road crashes has benefited significantly from the development of more advanced data processing methodologies and frameworks, thus the researchers will able to extract significant conclusions from the study of traffic data thanks to the application of these approaches.
Local and Global Protein Interactions Contribute to Residue Entrenchment in Beta-Lactamase TEM-1

Due to their rapid evolution and their impact on healthcare, beta-lactamases, protein degrading beta-lactam antibiotics, are used as generic models of protein evolution. Therefore, we investigated the mutation effects in two distant beta-lactamases, TEM-1 and CTX-M-15. Interestingly, we found a site with a complex pattern of genetic interactions. Mutation G251W in TEM-1 inactivates the protein’s function, just as the reciprocal mutation, W251G, does in CTX-M-15. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that mutation G has been entrenched in TEM-1’s background: while rarely observed throughout the phylogeny, it is essential in TEM-1. Using a rescue experiment, in the TEM-1 G251W mutant, we identified sites that alleviate the deviation from G to W. While few of these mutations could potentially involve local interactions, most of them were found on distant residues in the 3D structure. Many well-known mutations that have an impact on protein stability, such as M182T, were recovered. Our results therefore suggest that entrenchment of an amino acid may rely on diffuse interactions among multiple sites, with a major impact on protein stability.
A 2 degrees of freedom united propulsive mechanism for amphibious function inspired by frog's hindlimb

Abstract. Amphibious species of frogs are notable candidates to mimic for amphibious robotic design, as their swimming and sprawling locomotion is generated by the united propulsive mechanisms in which the hindlimbs play the dominant role. Although the propulsive system of frogs is not as complex as other amphibians, it is still difficult to employ the propulsive mechanism in robotic design due to the numerous degrees of freedom (DoF). This paper proposes a novel united propulsive mechanism to acquire the amphibious function inspired by the frog's hindlimb. The mechanism is a hybrid design combining a planar six-bar linkage, which is designed based on homotopy continuation and a spatial four-bar linkage. The DoF of the hindlimb-like mechanism are dramatically decreased to 2, with 1 each in the two sub-chains. Forward analysis is conducted to find the pose of the foot when two actuations are input. The improved analysis based on the geometrical features overcomes the multiplicity from the numerical computation. The inverse kinematic analysis is conducted to find the rotation of the input with a given pose of the foot. The aquatic function of the united propulsive mechanism is demonstrated based on the blade element theory, where the rotational speed and the projected area of the foot are fully active. The terrestrial function of the propulsive mechanism is validated with a specific gait.
Efeito Agudo do Treinamento de Força com e Sem Restrição do Fluxo Sanguíneo Sobre Variáveis Cardiovasculares e a Saturação de Oxigênio no Sangue em Homens Adultos

O treinamento de força (TF) com a restrição do fluxo sanguíneo (TFRFS) tem sido proposto como um método alternativo ao TF de alta intensidade (TFAI). Estudos mostram que as adaptações neuromusculares entre ambos os modelos de treinamento foram similares e maiores que o treinamento de força com baixa intensidade (TFBI). No entanto, as respostas cardiovasculares e a saturação de oxigênio sanguíneo entre esses modelos de treinamento tem sido pouco investigadas. Vinte e três homens (29,1 ± 9,0 anos; 79, ± 14,2 kg; 1,75 ± 0,1 m) com experiência em TF foram submetidos a quatro protocolos de TF no exercício de flexão e extensão do cotovelo unilateral, sendo eles: 20% de 1 RM+40 da pressão de oclusão [POCL] (20/40), 20% de 1 RM+80 da POCL (20/80), 20% de 1 RM+120% da POCL (20/120%) e 70% de 1 RM (70/0). Os protocolos com RFS foram realizados 3-4 séries de 15 repetições, com a RFS sendo mantida durante o protocolo e entre os intervalos entre as séries. O protocolo 70/0 foi realizado com mesmo número de séries, porém, de 8-10 repetições. Foi dado um intervalo de 60s nos protocolos com RFS e 90s para o protocolo 70/0. As medidas pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAS) e média (PAM), o duplo produto (DP) e a saturação de oxigênio (SpO2) foram feitas antes e após os protocolos. A PAS e a PAM aumentaram nas condições 20/120 e 70/0 (p<0.05). A PAD aumentou somente na condição 20/120 (p=0.000). O DP aumentou somente na condição 70/0 (p=0,03). Não houve mudança na SpO2 em nenhuma das condições após o treinamento (p>0.05). Concluímos que o uso de pressão supra sistólica ao TF de baixa intensidade e o treinamento de força de alta intensidade induz maior estresse cardiovascular sem mudanças nos níveis de saturação de oxigênio sanguíneo.
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Ameliorates Colorectal Tumorigenesis and Suppresses Proliferation of HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most abundant commensals of gut microbiota that is not commonly administered as a probiotic supplement. Being one of the gut’s major butyrate-producing bacteria, its clinical significance and uses are on the rise and it has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota-modulating properties in the treatment of inflammatory bowel illness, Crohn’s disease, and colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a silent killer disease that has become one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumorigenic and antiproliferative role of F. prausnitzii as well as to study its effects on the diversity of gut microbiota in rats. Findings showed that F. prausnitzii probiotic significantly reduced the colonic aberrant crypt foci frequency and formation in Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced CRC in rats. In addition, the administration of F. prausnitzii lowered the lipid peroxidation levels in the colon tissues. For in vitro 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the cell-free supernatant of F. prausnitzii suppressed the growth of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in a time/dose-dependent manner. 16S rRNA gene sequencing using rat stool samples showed that the administration of F. prausnitzii modulated the gut microbiota of the rats and enhanced its diversity. Hence, these findings suggest that F. prausnitzii as a probiotic supplement can be used in CRC prevention and management; however, more studies are warranted to understand its cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.
Authentication Devices in Fog-Mobile Edge Computing Environments Through a Wireless Grid Resource Sharing Protocol

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, Fog computing, mobile edge computing and wireless grids has resulted in the widespread deployment of relatively immature technology. These technologies, which will primarily use 5G wireless communication networks, are becoming popular because they can be deployed quickly with little infrastructure and lends themselves to environments utilizing numerous internet connected devices (ICD). There are, however, many significant challenges faced by security designers, engineers and implementers of these networks in ensuring that the level of security afforded is appropriate. Because of the threat of exploitation, these networks have to be protected by a robust security architecture due to these technologies being plagued with security problems. The authentication of smart ICDs to IoT networks is a critical mechanism for achieving security on these new information system platforms. This article identifies an authentication process required for these ICDs, which will need to prove their identity to authenticate to an IoT fog-mobile edge computing (FMEC) cloud network through a wireless grid authentication process. The purpose of this article is to begin to hypothesize a generic authentication methodology for these FMEC clouds uses in an IoT architecture. The proposed methodology, called wg-IoT, must include the integration of Fog computing, wireless grids and mobile edge computing clouds to create this new IoT architecture. An authentication process developed from the resource sharing protocol (RSP) from a wireless grid is first developed and proposed for the authentication of ICDs. The wireless grid core components must be embedded in IoT devices or sensors depending on their capability to handle five primary functions: management of identification [ID] and presence, permissions management, data transferability, application-programming interface [API] and security.
Development of Force Compliant in Series Elastic Actuator Systems

—This article proposed to develop a prototype and to design the position control with force compliant strategy of reaction force series elastic actuator. The prototype attached an elastic material for absorbing the suddenly exerted force. This work aimed to use as an actuator in human-machine collaborated system which can prevent both indirect/direct damages to the working environment. Two coil springs were installed behind the power transmission of actuator to absorb the reaction force. In this work, the PID and PID-feedforward based position control has been implemented. To evaluate the performance under the load, two test signals: step and ramp signal were used for the reference position of end-effector. The result shows that PID controller providing the RMSE value are 2.12 cm and 3.76 cm, respectively. For PID-feedforward controller, the result shows that the RMSE value of step and ramp input are 10.91 cm and 0.46 cm, respectively. In summary, the PID-feedforward control has the better performance for ramp input under the load. When the end-effectors collides with the obstacle, the impact force is detected by the spring deflection and utilized as the adapted reference position. By applying the force compliant strategy, the result shows that the interaction force can be reduced for 10 times.