Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AI-ERA: Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Resource Allocation for LoRa-Enabled IoT Applications

Adaptive data rate (ADR) is a widely adopted resource assignment approach in long-range wide-area networks (LoRaWANs) for static Internet of Things (IoT) applications such as smart grids and metering. Blind ADR (BADR) has been recommended for mobile IoT applications such as pet and industrial asset tracking. However, ADR and BADR cannot provide appropriate measures to alleviate the massive packet loss problem caused by the unsuitable spreading factors (SFs) assigned to end devices when they are mobile. This article proposes a novel proactive approach—“artificial intelligence-empowered resource allocation” (AI-ERA)—to address the resource assignment issue in static and mobile IoT applications. The AI-ERA approach consists of two modes, namely offline and online modes. First, a deep neural network (DNN) model is trained with a dataset generated at ns-3 in the offline mode. Second, the proposed AI-ERA approach utilizes the pretrained DNN model in the online mode to proactively assign an efficient SF for the end device before each uplink packet transmission. The proactive behavior of the AI-ERA improved the packet success ratio by an average of 32% and 28% in static and mobility scenarios compared with the typical LoRaWAN ADR, respectively.
Uma Generalização dos Critérios de Conectividade #C(v) e MCC(v)

Os critérios #C(v) e M CC(v) foram apresentados como opções para avaliação da conectividade de nós em redes de computadores. Esses critérios avaliam a conectividade baseados em uma vizinhança de no mínimo dois nós. Este trabalho apresenta uma generalização para esses critérios, na qual a vizinhança é de no mínimo i nós, com i variável. Também é apresentado um critério reverso que avalia a vizinhança a partir de uma conectividade desejada.
Long Life Power Factor Corrected LED Driver with Capacitive Energy Mechanism for Street Light Applications

Conventional switch-mode LED drivers have problems such as poor performance in harmonic distortion, flickering, power factor correction, stresses on the switches, high switching losses, large size, and high cost. To resolve these problems, we propose a long-life LED driver with the ability of power factor correction. The proposed system is based on the integration of a half-bridge LLC resonant converter and two boundary-conducted boost converters. Both boost converters share a common inductor designed in such a way that both boost converters work in boundary conduction mode to attain the natural power factor correction. Half-bridge LLC resonant converter has soft switching characteristics, which assure the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of primary-side switches and zero-current switching (ZCS) of diodes on the secondary side. This significantly reduces switching losses and improves the overall efficiency of the system. Voltage divider capacitors are used on the input side, which minimizes the bus voltages. The proposed system has two identical secondary windings with a coupled inductor to eliminate the mismatch between them, which powers two independent LED strings. The simulation of a 100-watt 240 V AC converter yields the approximate sinusoidal shape of the input current. It shows that the switches on the primary side are operated in ZVS and the diodes in ZCS. At 240-volt AC input, the efficiency is 87.4, the total harmonics distortion (THD) is 10.98, and the power factor (PF) is 0.98.
Darryl E. Metzger Memorial Session Paper: Experimental Heat Transfer and Friction in Channels Roughened With Angled, V-Shaped, and Discrete Ribs on Two Opposite Walls

Experimental investigations have shown that the enhancement in heat transfer coefficients for air flow in a channel roughened with angled ribs is on the average higher than that roughened with 90 deg ribs of the same geometry. Secondary flows generated by the angled ribs are believed to be responsible for these higher heat transfer coefficients. In an effort basically to double the area of high heat transfer coefficients, the angled rib is broken at the center to form a V-shaped rib, and tests are conducted to investigate the resulting heat transfer coefficients and friction factors. Three different square rib geometries, corresponding to blockage ratios of 0.083, 0.125, and 0.167, with a fixed pitch-to-height ratio of 10, mounted on two opposite walls of a square channel in a staggered configuration, are tested in a stationary channel for 5,000 < Re < 30,000. Heat transfer coefficients, friction factors, and thermal performances are compared with those of 90 deg, 45 deg, and discrete angled ribs. The V-shaped ribs are tested for both pointing upstream and downstream of the main flow. Test results show that: (a) 90 deg ribs represent the lowest thermal performance, based on the same pumping power, and is essentially themore » same for the 2:1 change in blockage ratio, (b) low-blockage-ratio (E/D{sub h} = 0.083) V-shaped ribs pointing downstream produced the highest heat transfer enhancement and friction factors. Among all other geometries with blockage ratios of 0.125 and 0.167, 45 deg ribs showed the highest heat transfer enhancements with friction factors less than those of V-shaped ribs, (c) thermal performance of 45 deg ribs and the lowest blockage discrete ribs are among the highest of the geometries tested in this investigation, and (d) discrete angled ribs, although inferior to 45 deg and V-shaped ribs, produce much higher heat transfer coefficients and lower friction factors compared to 90 deg ribs. « less
The three faces of eve: mothers’ lived experiences of caring for children with high-functioning autism during the school-leaving transition in Hong Kong

ABSTRACT This study aimed to explore the caregiving experiences of primary caregivers, mothers of children with high-functioning autism, during the transition of leaving school and sometimes starting work. In-depth interviews were conducted with nine caregiving mothers with high-functioning children with autism aged 16–27 years. Results revealed that caring for a high-functioning child with autism during their life transition includes three roles: social advocacy, caregiving life coach, and personal selfhood reexamination. Thus, a theoretical model of empowering these caregivers during the child’s school-to-work life transition can be established. With the empowerment strategies of strengthening multiple roles, findings allow practitioners and policymakers to reflect on the interventions supporting families in transitioning planning at different systematic levels, including the individual, the family, and the larger community.
EPIREGULIN creates a developmental niche for spatially organized human intestinal enteroids

Epithelial organoids derived from intestinal tissue, called enteroids, recapitulate many aspects of the organ in vitro and can be used for biological discovery, personalized medicine, and drug development. Here, we interrogated the cell signaling environment within the developing human intestine to identify niche cues that may be important for epithelial development and homeostasis. We identified an EGF family member, EPIREGULIN (EREG), which is robustly expressed in the developing human crypt. Enteroids generated from the developing human intestine grown in standard culture conditions, which contain EGF, are dominated by stem and progenitor cells and feature little differentiation and no spatial organization. Our results demonstrate that EREG can replace EGF in vitro, and EREG leads to spatially resolved enteroids that feature budded and proliferative crypt domains and a differentiated villus-like central lumen. Multiomic (transcriptome plus epigenome) profiling of native crypts, EGF-grown enteroids, and EREG-grown enteroids showed that EGF enteroids have an altered chromatin landscape that is dependent on EGF concentration, downregulate the master intestinal transcription factor CDX2, and ectopically express stomach genes, a phenomenon that is reversible. This is in contrast to EREG-grown enteroids, which remain intestine like in culture. Thus, EREG creates a homeostatic intestinal niche in vitro, enabling interrogation of stem cell function, cellular differentiation, and disease modeling.
Shared Gaussian Process Latent Variables Models

A fundamental task in machine learning is modeling the relationship between different observation spaces. Dimensionality reduction is the task of reducing thenumber of dimensions in a parameterization of a data-set. In this thesis we areinterested in the cross-road between these two tasks: shared dimensionality reduction. Shared dimensionality reduction aims to represent multiple observationspaces within the same model. Previously suggested models have been limited tothe scenarios where the observations have been generated from the same manifold.In this thesis we present a Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GP-LVM)[33] for shared dimensionality reduction without making assumptions about therelationship between the observations. Further we suggest an extension to Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) called Non Consolidating Component Analysis (NCCA). The proposed algorithm extends classical CCA to represent the fullvariance of the data opposed to only the correlated. We compare the suggestedGP-LVM model to existing models and show results on real-world problems exemplifying the advantages of our approach.
Neural network cloud screening algorithm, Part I: A synthetic case over land using micro-windows in O 2 and CO 2 near infrared absorption bands with nadir viewing

A neural network is presented for estimating cloud water and ice paths, effective scattering heights of cloud water and ice, and column water vapor. The cloud water and ice are then used to classify scenes as either clear or cloudy using a simple threshold test of 2 gm −2 for water and 10 gm −2 for ice. Training of the neural networks was performed using high resolution spectra in micro-windows of O 2 and CO 2 near infrared absorption bands generated from an ensemble of analyzed meteorological fields from ECMWF and surface properties from MODIS. An independent test data set was generated using the same radiative transfermodel, but coupled with atmospheric profiles derived from CloudSat and Calipso data. Analysis indicates that the algorithmprovides approximately 75-90% accuracy with a 95-99% confidence level for classifying scenes as either cloudy or clear over land surfaces in nadir viewing geometry. These estimates are shown to be robust, in the sense that they are insensitive to realistic instrumental errors, errors in the meteorological analyses and surface properties, and errors in the simulations used for training.
Comparative phylogenomic and structural analysis of canonical secretory PLA2 and novel PLA2-like family in plants

Plant secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is a family of lipolytic enzymes involved in the sn-2 hydrolysis of phospholipid carboxyester bonds, characterized by the presence of a conserved PA2c domain. PLA2 produces free fatty acids and lysophospholipids, which regulate several physiological functions, including lipid metabolism, plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to various environmental stresses. In the present work, we have performed a comparative analysis of PA2c domain-containing genes across plants, focusing on gene distribution, phylogenetic analysis, tissue-specific expression, and homology modeling. Our data revealed the widespread occurrence of multiple sPLA2 in most land plants and documented single sPLA2 in multiple algal groups, indicating an ancestral origin of sPLA2. We described a novel PA2c-containing gene family present in all plant lineages and lacking secretory peptide, which we termed PLA2-like. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two independent clades in canonical sPLA2 genes referred to as α and β clades, whereas PLA2-like genes clustered independently as a third clade. Further, we have explored clade-specific gene expressions showing that while all three clades were expressed in vegetative and reproductive tissues, only sPLA2-β and PLA2-like members were expressed in the pollen and pollen tube. To get insight into the conservation of the gene regulatory network of sPLA2 and PLA2-like genes, we have analyzed the occurrence of various cis-acting promoter elements across the plant kingdom. The comparative 3D structure analysis revealed conserved and unique features within the PA2c domain for the three clades. Overall, this study will help to understand the evolutionary significance of the PA2c family and lay the foundation for future sPLA2 and PLA2-like characterization in plants.
Quantum Confinement Effect of Amorphous GaN Quantum Dots Prepared by Pulsed-Laser Ablation

Amorphous GaN quantum dots (a-GaN QDs) smaller than the Bohr radius (11 nm) were successfully fabricated at room temperature by a laser ablation using a highly densified GaN target. The mean particle size of the a-GaN QDs was 7.9 nm for the films deposited at the Ar pressure of 50 Pa, 5.2 nm at 100 Pa and 4.4 nm at 200 Pa. In particular, the room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and absorption spectra revealed that the a-GaN QDs fabricated under the Ar pressures of 100 and 200 Pa exhibited a strong emission band centered at 3.9 eV, which is about 0.5 eV blue-shifted from the band gap energy of the bulk GaN crystal, confirming the quantum confinement effect.
Scintillators based on aromatic dye molecules doped in a sol-gel glass host

Ultraviolet and x-ray excited luminescence of fluorescein and rhodamine-6G doped sol-gel glasses were studied at room temperature with the aim of characterizing and understanding the scintillation performance of such materials. Fast energy transfer from the glass host to the dye luminescent centers was found. While the overall radioluminescence efficiency was rather low due to nonradiative losses in the glass host, our results demonstrate the potential of sol-gel technology as a versatile tool in controlling the spectral and time response of such unusual organic–inorganic scintillators.
Design of Dual-Band CT Filter with Sourceload Coupling

A dual-band filter consisting of two cascaded triplet (CT) units is presented in this paper. Two sets of λ /4 resonators are employed to construct the CT unit. The utilization of λ /4 resonators not only makes the filter compact, but also allows the inductive cross coupling to be realized conveniently. This results in a transmission zero of finite frequency on the high side of each passband. The bandwidth of each passband can be tuned independently by adjusting the coupling via hole. The source-load coupling is also proposed to introduce two tunable transmission zeros, which can improve the selectivity of the filter. A trial dual-band filter is designed and measured, and the filter centered at 2.45 and 5.25 GHz occupies an area of only 33 × 15 mm2. Measured results show that a rejection level of 20 dB up to more than four times the first passband frequency can be obtained.
OBSERVATION OF LOCALIZED ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL NETWORKS OF WAVEGUIDES

We have directly observed the Anderson localized wave functions in three dimensions in a new class of photonic band gap systems. Such systems are networks made of one-dimensional waveguides. By adopting a simple scattering geometry in a unit cell, we are able to obtain large photonic band gaps. In the presence of defects or randomness, we have systematically studied the structures of transmission and the localized wave functions inside a gap. The effects due to absorption are investigated. Excellent quantitative agreements between theory and experiments have been obtained.
On the Possible Phase Transition for Two‐Dimensional Heisenberg Models

Recently the authors presented evidence suggesting the presence of a phase transition for two‐dimensional Heisenberg models with nearest‐neighbor ferromagnetic interactions and S>½. Here we further analyze the first six coefficients of the high‐temperature series for the zero‐field susceptibility, and incorporate the results of recent calculations beyond sixth order into the arguments for a phase transition. It is found that the higher‐order coefficients support the previous suggestion concerning the existence of a phase transition for S>½, and are consistent with a zero critical temperature for the particular case S=½. Finally, two preliminary calculations on the nature of the low‐temperature phase are described. The first of these, due to Dyson, is an intuitive generalization of spin wave theory. The other is an approximate calculation for the rectangular net within the classical Heisenberg model: Considering this net to consist of linear chains, the intrachain interactions are treated exactly, while the interchain interactions are treated via a molecular field approximation. Both of these calculations support the original suggestion of a phase transition for two‐dimensional Heisenberg models.
Extracorporeal Circulation and Optic Nerve Ultrasound: A Pilot Study

Background and Objectives: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an extracorporeal circuit that provides surgical access to an immobile and bloodless area, allowing for technical and procedural advances in cardiothoracic surgery. CBP can alter the integrity of the blood–brain barrier and cause changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) postoperatively. Optical nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is among the alternative non-invasive methods for ICP monitoring. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the optic nerve sheath diameter measurements under the guidance of ultrasonography for ICP changes during the extracorporeal circulation process. Materials and Methods: The study population included 21 patients over 18 years of age who required extracorporeal circulation. Demographic data of the patients, such as age, gender, comorbidity, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and reason for operation (coronary artery disease or mitral or aortic valve disease) were recorded. The ONSD was measured and evaluated before the extracorporeal circulation (first time) and at the 30th minute (second time), 60th minute (third time) and 90th minute (fourth time) of the extracorporeal circulation. Non-invasive ICP (ICP ONSD) values were calculated based on the ONSD values found. Results: The mean ONSD values measured before the extracorporeal circulation of the patients were found to be 4.13 mm (3.8–4.6) for the right eye and 4.36 mm (4.1–4.7) for the left eye. Calculated nICPONSD values of 11.0 mm Hg (1.0–21.0) for the right eye and 10.89 mm Hg (1.0–21.0) for the left eye were found. It was observed that there was a significant increase in the ONSD and nlCPONSD values recorded during the extracorporeal circulation of all patients compared to the baseline values (p < 0.005). Conclusions: During extracorporeal circulation, ultrasound-guided ONSD measurement is an easy, inexpensive and low-complication method that can be performed at the bedside during the operation to monitor ICP changes.
Amblyopinae Mitogenomes Provide Novel Insights into the Paraphyletic Origin of Their Adaptation to Mudflat Habitats

The water-to-land transition is one of the most important events in evolutionary history of vertebrates. However, the genetic basis underlying many of the adaptations during this transition remains unclear. Mud-dwelling gobies in the subfamily Amblyopinae are one of the teleosts lineages that show terrestriality and provide a useful system for clarifying the genetic changes underlying adaptations to terrestrial life. Here, we sequenced the mitogenome of six species in the subfamily Amblyopinae. Our results revealed a paraphyletic origin of Amblyopinae with respect to Oxudercinae, which are the most terrestrial fishes and lead an amphibious life in mudflats. This partly explains the terrestriality of Amblyopinae. We also detected unique tandemly repeated sequences in the mitochondrial control region in Amblyopinae, as well as in Oxudercinae, which mitigate oxidative DNA damage stemming from terrestrial environmental stress. Several genes, such as ND2, ND4, ND6 and COIII, have experienced positive selection, suggesting their important roles in enhancing the efficiency of ATP production to cope with the increased energy requirements for life in terrestrial environments. These results strongly suggest that the adaptive evolution of mitochondrial genes has played a key role in terrestrial adaptions in Amblyopinae, as well as in Oxudercinae, and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the water-to-land transition in vertebrates.
Research on Image Saliency Detection Model Based on Calculating the Probability of Objectness Likelihood

Establishing calculation model on the probability of saliency objectness likelihood based on superpixels is introduced to dectect image saliency. At first,analysing factors which affect the size of visual attention according to the law of universal gravitation; And then use the SLIC algorithm to divide image into superpixels; Next, according to the texture, color,and gradient feature information, establish calculation models on probability saliency object under different rules: Including compactness in class color ,spatial distribution estimation and edge continuity; And then refer to the principle that activity in cells responding to stimuli,. a new feature combination theory is proposed to deal with the relationship of the characteristics of independence and mutual interaction for achieving features fusion accurately. Afterwards, the proposed algorithm applied in virtual and reality interaction to detect the effective region and eliminate noise area.
Design of BPF-Integrated SPDT Switch Based on Slotline Resonators Loaded With Diodes

Slotline Stepped-impedance resonators (SIR) loaded with p-i-n diodes are used to develop bandpass filter (BPF) integrated switches in this brief. The loaded diodes are used to switch the resonant conditions of the short-ended slotline resonators. The equations for their resonant conditions under different loads at different locations are derived and discussed. With these derived equations, the switchable filters are designed and synthesized using the classical coupled-resonator filter theory. The design concept is demonstrated by a Cascaded Quadruplet (CQ) BPF-integrated single-pole single-throw (SPST) switch at center frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{0}\,\,=$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 GHz with 47.7 dB OFF-state suppression (OSS). Finally, two compact BPF-integrated single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switches are designed and fabricated. One of them combines source-load (S-L) coupling and introduces two additional zeros outside the desired passband to improve the frequency selectivity. The other on fractal common feeding line is developed to reduce the impact of accumulated residual admittances from OFF-state channels, which shows high roll-off rate of sidebands as well as high port-to-port isolation of 53.1 dB, and its overall circuit size is only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.051 \lambda \text{g} ^{\mathrm{ 2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.