Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Post-stroke mental disorders (PSMDs) and post-stroke sleep disorders (PSSDs) are very common in stroke patients. Recently, Tai Chi (TC) as a form of Chinese traditional mind-body exercise has been gradually applied to stroke rehabilitation although its efficacy for PSMD and PSSD varies across different studies. The aim of this study is to explore the therapeutic effect of TC training for PSMD and PSSD. Methods: This review will only include randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Search strategy will be performed in 3 English databases, 4 Chinese databases, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. All English or Chinese RCTs, published from inception to February 28, 2019, will be sought. Two reviewers will screen, select studies, extract data, and assess quality independently. Primary outcomes are clinical scales, mainly including “Hamilton depression scale,” “Hamilton anxiety scale,” and “Pittsburgh sleep quality index. ” The methodological quality including the risk of bias of the included studies will be evaluated using a modified assessment form, which is based on Cochrane assessment tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Review Manager Software (Revman5.3) will be used for heterogeneity assessment, generating funnel-plots, data synthesis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis. We will use GRADE system to evaluate the quality of our evidence. Results:Wewill provide somemore practical and targeted results investigating the effect of TC exercise for PSMD and PSSD in the current meta-analysis. Meanwhile, we will ascertain study progress of TC for PSMD and PSSD and find out defects or inadequacies of previous studies, so that future researchers could get beneficial guidance for more rigorous study. Conclusion: The stronger evidence about TC’s rehabilitative effect and safety for PSMD and PSSD will be provided for clinicians and policymakers. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018106608. Ethics and dissemination:Wedo not apply for formal ethical approval from ethics committee because all of the study data in our reviewwill be obtained in an anonymousway. Findings of this study are projected to be disseminated through peer-review publications. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, CRT = conventional rehabilitation treatment, PEDro = Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PRISMA = preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, PSMD = post-stroke mental disorder, PSSD = post-stroke sleep disorder, RCT = randomized controlled trial, TC = Tai Chi.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

h Abstract Background: The improvement effect of exercise on diabetes mellitus has been widely recognized. Taijiquan, as a popular exercise mode for middle-aged and elderly people, is not clear about its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in elderly diabetic patients. In this paper, the influence of Taijiquan on glucose and lipid metabolism in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients was studied by using a meta-analysis method, to provide evidence for the clinical promotion of Taijiquan to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic patients. Methods: Computer system search and manual search were conducted respectively in web of science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP from the inception to August 1, 2020. Randomized controlled trials of the application of Taijiquan in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients were collected. Results: The current study is a systematic review and meta-analysis program with no results. Data analysis will be completed after the program. Conclusion: This review aims to study the effect of Taijiquan on the glucose and lipid metabolism of middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients, objectively evaluate the effect of Taijiquan on the glucose and lipid metabolism of middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients, and provide scientific basis for clinical exercise intervention in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. Protocol registration number: INPLASY2020120107
Treatment of Hypertension

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events [1,2]. Hypertension is present in approximately 69% of patients with a first myocardial infarction [3], in approximately 77% of patients with a first stroke [3], in approximately 74% of patients with heart failure [3], and in 60% of patients with peripheral arterial disease [4]. Hypertension is also a major risk factor for a dissecting aortic aneurysm, sudden cardiac death, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and ophthalmologic disorders [2].
Challenges: device-free passive localization for wireless environments

Typical location determination systems require the presence of a physical device that is attached to the person that is being tracked. In addition, they usually require the tracked device to participate actively in the localization process. In this paper, we introduce the concept of Device-free Passive (DfP) localization. A DfP system is envisioned to be able to detect, track, and identify entities that do not carry any device, nor participate actively in the localization process. The system works by monitoring and processing changes in the received physical signals at one or more monitoring points to detect changes in the environment. Applications for DfP systems include intrusion detection and tracking, protecting outdoor assets, such as pipelines, railroad tracks, and perimeters. We describe the DfP system's architecture and the challenges that need to be addressed to materialize a DfP system. We show the feasibility of the system by describing algorithms for implementing different functionalities of a DfP system that works with nominal WiFi equipment. We present two techniques for intrusion detection and a technique for tracking a single intruder. Our results show that the system can achieve very high probability of detection and tracking with very few false positives. We also identify different research directions for addressing the challenges of realizing a DfP system.
Challenges : Building Scalable and Distributed Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ( UWSNs ) for Aquatic Applications

Large-scale Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) is a novel networking paradigm to explore the uninhabited and complex oceans. However, the characteristics of UWSNs, such as huge propagation delay, floating node mobility, and limited acoustic link capacity, are significantly different from ground-based wireless sensor networks and existing small scale Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs). The novel networking paradigm poses inter-disciplinary challenges that will require new technological solutions. In particular, in this technical report we adopt a top-down approach to explore the research challenges in UWSN design. Along the layered protocol stack, we roughly go down from the top application layer to the bottom physical layer. At each layer, a set of new design intricacies are studied. The conclusion is that building scalable and distributed UWSNs is a challenge that must be answered by inter-disciplinary efforts of acoustic communications, signal processing and mobile acoustic network protocol design.
Enhancing Noisy Label Facial Expression Recognition With Split and Merge Consistency Regularization

Facial expression recognition (FER) has been extensively studied in various applications over the past few years. However, in real facial expression datasets, labels can become noisy due to the ambiguity of expressions, the similarity between classes, and the subjectivity of annotators. These noisy labels negatively affect FER and significantly reduce classification performance. In previous methods, overfitting can occur as the noise ratio increases. To solve this problem, we propose the split and merge consistency regularization (SMEC) method that is robust to noisy labels by examining various image regions rather than just one part of facial expression images without negatively affecting the meaning. We split facial expression images into two images and input them into the backbone network to extract class activation maps (CAMs). This approach merges two CAMs and improves robustness to noisy labels by normalizing the consistency between the CAM of the original image and the merged CAM. The proposed SMEC method aims to improve FER performance and robustness against highly noisy labels by preventing the model from focusing on only a single part without losing the semantics of the facial expression images. The SMEC method demonstrates robust performance over state-of-the-art noisy label FER models on an unbalanced facial expression dataset called the real-world affective faces database (RAF-DB) regarding class-wise accuracy for clean and noisy labels, even at severe noise rates of 40% to 60%.
A kinematic model of southern California

We propose a kinematic model for southern California based on late Quaternary slip rates and orientations of major faults in the region. Internally consistent motions are determined assuming that these faults bound rigid blocks. Relative to North America, most of California west of the San Andreas fault is moving parallel to the San Andreas fault through the Transverse Ranges and not parallel to the motion of the Pacific plate. This is accomplished by counterclockwise rotation of California south of the San Andreas fault and by the westward movement of central California north of the Gar lock fault. The velocities of the blocks are calculated along several paths in southern California that begin in the Mojave Desert and end off the California coast. A path that crosses the western Transverse Ranges accumulates the accepted relative North America-Pacific plate velocity, whereas paths to the north and south result in a significant missing component of motion. This implies the existence of a zone of active deformation in southern California that is interpreted to include the western Transverse Ranges and northwest trending, predominately strike-slip faults close to the coast both north and south of the Transverse Ranges. Strain on this system accounts for about a third of the total North America-Pacific plate motion.
New Azores archipelago daily precipitation dataset and its links with large‐scale modes of climate variability

Within the scope of the two major international projects of long‐term reanalysis for the 20th century coordinated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, the Instituto Dom Luiz from the University of Lisbon has digitized a large number of long‐term daily and monthly climate records from stations in Portugal and former Portuguese colonies. We have recently finished the digitization of precipitation values from Ponta Delgada (capital of the Azores Archipelago), obtaining an almost complete daily precipitation series, with the exception of some years (1864–1872; 1878–1879; 1888–1905; 1931; 1936; and 1938) for which only monthly values are available. At daily resolution, we have used a comprehensive assessment on different characteristics of rain spells (consecutive days with rainfall accumulation). The distribution of precipitation presents an evident seasonal pattern and reveals large inter‐annual and intra‐annual variability, increasing considerably in the last 3 decades. The frequency of dry years decreases almost by half between the first and the second part of the record, whereas wet years increase up to three times. This is mainly due to more intense events that are reflected by higher rain‐spell yields (amount of precipitation) and rain‐spell intensity (amount of precipitation per day) values. Most of the extreme precipitation events occurred during the last 2 decades, and they generally correspond to dates with cyclonic conditions over the North Atlantic. We have also looked into the influence of large‐scale modes of climate variability on the precipitation regime of the Azores Archipelago. As expected, theNorth Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has a major impact on the precipitation regime of Ponta Delgada both in winter and summer. However, our results show a non‐stationary NAO influence and the impact of other large‐scale modes (including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation) increases when this influence becomes weaker.
Three‐dimensional electromagnetic imaging of upwelling fluids in the Kyushu subduction zone, Japan

A three‐dimensional (3‐D) lithospheric‐scale electrical resistivity model, developed using network‐magnetotelluric (network‐MT) data, contains structures associated with arc magmatism beneath Kyushu Island in the Southwest Japan arc. Kyushu Island, where the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP) subducts beneath the Eurasian plate, can be divided into northern and southern volcanic regions separated by a nonvolcanic region. Many active Quaternary volcanoes occur along the volcanic front (VF) associated with the PSP in the two volcanic regions. Our 3‐D electrical resistivity model shows three different shapes of upwelling fluid‐like conductive anomalies, indicative of either slab‐derived aqueous fluid and/or partial melt beneath the volcanic and nonvolcanic regions. A conductive anomaly in the northern volcanic region, located at some distance from the subducting PSP, extends from the surface to depths of <100 km, whereas another conductive anomaly in the southern volcanic region, located along the subducting PSP at >70 km depth, extends from the surface to depths of >100 km. In the nonvolcanic region, the upper region of a relatively conductive anomaly extends upward to a depth of ~50 km along the subducting plate. The degrees of magmatism and the relative contribution of slab‐derived fluids to the magmatism vary spatially in the one nonvolcanic and two volcanic regions.
Sensitivity of the Potential Evapotranspiration to Key Climatic Variables in the Haihe River Basin

Evapotranspiration is a key process in hydrologic cycle. Sensitivity analysis of potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is helpful in understanding the impact of climate change on hydrologic cycle. In this paper, a non-dimensional sensitivity coefficient was employed to identify the sensitivity of ET0 to the variation of air temperature (Tmean), solar radiation (Rs), vapor pressure (VP) and wind speed (U2) in the Haihe River basin (HRB). ET0 was estimated with the FAO Penman-Monteith equation. The results showed that the reference evapotranspiration was most sensitive to VP, which is followed by Tmean, Rs and U2 on an annual scale. In terms of season, Tmean was the most sensitive variable and U2 was the least sensitive variable in spring and summer, while VP was the most sensitive variable and Rs was the least sensitive variable in autumn and winter. Spatially speaking, the temperature (STmean) and vapor pressure (SVP) of ET0 sensitivity coefficients showed a decreasing trend from plain to hilly region. The coefficients of solar radiation (SRS) decreased from south to north of the HRB, while that of wind speed (SU2 ) increased from south to north. The long-term trend analysis of sensitivity coefficients for the period from 1957 to 2008 showed that , SRS and STmean increased, while SVP decreased.
Calculating the rate of spread of Phragmites australis in Summit County, OH using GIS

Phragmites australis subspecies australis is a non-native species that forms dense monocultures and negatively affects wetland ecosystems. In this study, Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to analyze and compare intrinsic rates of growth between Phragmites populations located along highways and those within parks in Summit County, Ohio. No significant difference in expansion rate was seen between the two population types during a 4year time period, although the average expansion rate was higher in park populations. Obstruction by roads may have prevented highway populations from expanding radially, while 2/3 of park populations were unobstructed in terms of physical barriers to expansion.
Minimally Invasive Surgery

During the last 10 years, minimally invasive surgery has influenced the techniques used in every specialty of surgical medicine. This development has not only led to the replacement of conventional procedures with minimally invasive ones, but has also stimulated surgeons to reevaluate conventional approaches with regard to perioperative parameters such as pain medication. However, two major drawbacks have emerged with the introduction of this new technique: firstly, the prolonged learning curve for most surgeons, in comparison with the learning process in open surgery; and secondly, increased costs due to investment in the equipment required and the use of disposable instruments, as well as longer operating times. In the various health-care systems around the world, these increased costs are not always compensated for by shorter hospital stays. This review focuses on major areas of indication for minimally invasive surgery in the gastrointestinal tract. These include functional disorders of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, obesity surgery, minimally invasive techniques in gastric and hepatobiliary surgery and in other solid organs, and laparoscopic colorectal surgery. The shortening of the hospitalization period has led to increasing use of outpatient laparoscopic surgery, and many centers specializing in day-care surgery are using these techniques. The frontiers are being pushed even further, as the size of the instruments is reduced to achieve better cosmetic results. Clinical research has also focused on the topic of expanding the indications for minimally invasive approaches in the elderly and in high-risk patients, to take advantage of the shorter hospital stays and reduced surgical trauma that are possible. A considerable amount of basic research has been carried out on the stress response during and after minimally invasive procedures, and an improved immune response with the minimally invasive approach has been observed, leading to better results after extensive oncological procedures. Robotic surgery and telesurgery involve new computer-aided methods that allow greater precision in surgical technique, as well as offering an opportunity to supply surgical skill and expertise remotely, over long distances. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are thus now fully established in routine use, and the indications are continuing to expand.
Reflections on the Conception, Birth, and Childhood of Numerical Weather Prediction

AbstractIn recognition of the contributions of Norman Phillips and Joseph Smagorinsky to the field of numerical weather prediction (NWP), a symposium was held in 2003; this account is an amplification of a talk presented there. Ideas anticipating the advent of NWP, the first technically successful numerical weather forcast, and the subsequent progression of NWP to a mature discipline are described, with special emphasis on the work of Phillips and Smagorinsky and their mentor Jule Charney.
Customer satisfaction: a key to survival for SMEs?

Customers are the lifeblood of any organization and feedback on their satisfaction levels is important not only to big corporations, but also to small businesses. Knowledge of customer satisfaction can help to better identify and satisfy customer needs and can prevent small businesses from spending a considerable amount of money on marketing to acquire new customers. This study investigates the customer satisfaction measuring practices of South African SMEs. The study aims to determine if South African SMEs collect data on customer satisfaction levels as well as how they go about to do this. A survey among South African SME owners found that customer satisfaction was of great importance to them and that the majority believed that their businesses were customer focused and customer friendly. Based on customer feedback, small-business owners believed their customers were satisfied with their businesses. The research also indicated that the majority of small-business owners collected customer satisfaction feedback verbally on a monthly basis. From this study it is clear that SMEs understand that collecting customer satisfaction feedback is important but that they do not necessarily have a formal measurement in place.
Developing an Application‐Specific Ground‐Motion Model for Induced Seismicity

Abstract A key element of quantifying both the hazard and risk due to induced earthquakes is a suite of appropriate ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) that encompass the possible shaking levels due to such events. Induced earthquakes are likely to be of smaller magnitude and shallower focal depth than the tectonic earthquakes for which most GMPEs are derived. Furthermore, whereas GMPEs for moderate‐to‐large magnitude earthquakes are usually derived to be transportable to different locations and applications, taking advantage of the limited regional dependence observed for such events, the characteristics of induced earthquakes warrant the development of application‐specific models. A preliminary ground‐motion model for induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field in The Netherlands is presented as an illustration of a possible approach to the development of these equations. The GMPE is calibrated to local recordings of small‐magnitude events and captures the epistemic uncertainty in the extrapolation to larger magnitude considered in the assessment of the resulting hazard and risk.
The Basin-Range System along the South Segment of the Karakorum Fault Zone, Tibet

The Karakorum fault zone (KFZ), one of the most important faults in the western Tibetan Plateau, plays a significant role in accommodating crust rotating around the west syntaxis and lateral mass transfer. Our study on the south segment of the fault shows that both sides of the Aylari Range are controlled by right-lateral strike-slip fault branches of the KFZ with a normal fault component. The offset along the south fault segment of the KFZ is about 100 km. Sedimentary characteristics in the Zhada Basin demonstrate that the sediment source mainly was the Aylari Range; thus the basin is probably a half-graben controlled by the late Cenozoic uplift of the Aylari Range. Furthermore, the limited outcrops in the Namru-Menci Basin, together with the main branch of the KFZ passing through the southwestern side of the basin, show that the Aylari Range is the main source of basin sediment. We conclude the Namru-Menci Basin is another graben controlled by the KFZ. Thus, the Zhada Basin, Aylari Range, and Namru-Menci Basin together form a basin-range system along the southeastern portion of the KFZ. The right-lateral KFZ strike-slip was gradually transferred to the extensional system southeast of Gar, which is the basin-range system composed of the Zhada and Numru-Menci basins and Aylari Range, together with the Gurla Mandhata detachment system. The basin-range system in this study confirms that the KFZ reflects distributed deformation of lateral mass transfer during the Indian-Asian block convergence.