Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adolescents

Abstract Objective: This study estimates the prevalence of, and associations between, family food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adolescents and explores socio-demographic factors which might have a moderation effect on the association. Design: Cross-sectional study using 2014 NHPI-National Health Interview Survey data reported by a parent or guardian. Family-level food security was assessed by the US Department of Agriculture 10-item questionnaire. BMI for age and sex ≥ 85th and 95th percentiles defined overweight and obesity, respectively, according to US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Setting: The USA, including all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants: 383 NHPI adolescents aged 12–17 in the USA. Results: A third (33·5 %) of NHPI adolescents aged 12–17 were overweight (19·1 %) or obese (14·4 %); 8·1 % had low food security; and 8·5 % had very low food security. Mean family food security score was 1·06, which corresponds to marginal food security. We found no association between family food insecurity and adolescent overweight/obesity or between any other covariates and overweight/obesity, except for family Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation. Odds of being overweight/obese were 77 % lower for adolescents in families participating in SNAP (OR: 0·23, 95 % CI: 0·08, 0·64, P = 0·007). The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity was particularly pronounced for adolescent girls in food-insecure families. Conclusions: The association between SNAP participation and lower odds of overweight/obesity suggests potential benefit of research to determine whether interventions to increase SNAP enrollment would improve NHPI adolescents’ health outcomes.
sic-4 Reports in sick! Loss of SICKLE induces salicylic acid-dependent cell death in Arabidopsis

Received April 03, 2023. Accepted April 13, 2023. Advance access publication April 18, 2023 Open Access © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society of Plant Biologists. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. N ew s an d V ie w s
Actin filaments accumulated in the nucleus remain in the vicinity of condensing chromosomes in the zebrafish early embryo

ABSTRACT In the cytoplasm, filamentous actin (F-actin) plays a critical role in cell regulation, including cell migration, stress fiber formation, and cytokinesis. Recent studies have shown that actin filaments that form in the nucleus are associated with diverse functions. Here, using live imaging of an F-actin-specific probe, superfolder GFP-tagged utrophin (UtrCH-sfGFP), we demonstrated the dynamics of nuclear actin in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. In early zebrafish embryos up to around the high stage, UtrCH-sfGFP increasingly accumulated in nuclei during the interphase and reached a peak during the prophase. After nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), patches of UtrCH-sfGFP remained in the vicinity of condensing chromosomes during the prometaphase to metaphase. When zygotic transcription was inhibited by injecting α-amanitin, the nuclear accumulation of UtrCH-sfGFP was still observed at the sphere and dome stages, suggesting that zygotic transcription may induce a decrease in nuclear F-actin. The accumulation of F-actin in nuclei may contribute to proper mitotic progression of large cells with rapid cell cycles in zebrafish early embryos, by assisting in NEBD, chromosome congression, and/or spindle assembly.
Detection of metastasis of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer patients with an artificial intelligence model

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Department of Health Management Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tai’an City Central Hospital, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China.
Skin Cancer Screening: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance Skin cancer is the most common cancer type and is a major cause of morbidity. Objective To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening for skin cancer to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from June 1, 2015, through January 7, 2022; surveillance through December 16, 2022. Study Selection English-language studies conducted in asymptomatic populations 15 years or older. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently appraised the articles and extracted relevant data from fair- or good-quality studies; results were narratively summarized. Main Outcomes and Measures Morbidity; mortality; skin cancer stage, precursor lesions, or lesion thickness at detection; harms of screening. Results Twenty studies in 29 articles were included (N = 6 053 411). Direct evidence on screening effectiveness was from 3 nonrandomized analyses of 2 population-based skin cancer screening programs in Germany (n = 1 791 615) and suggested no melanoma mortality benefit at the population level over 4 to 10 years' follow-up. Six studies (n = 2 935 513) provided inconsistent evidence on the association between clinician skin examination and lesion thickness or stage at diagnosis. Compared with usual care, routine clinician skin examination was not associated with increased detection of skin cancer or precursor lesions (5 studies) or stage at melanoma detection (3 studies). Evidence on the association between clinician skin examination and lesion thickness at detection was inconsistent (3 studies). Nine studies (n = 1 326 051) found a consistent positive association between more advanced stage at melanoma detection and increasing risk of melanoma-associated and all-cause mortality. Two studies (n = 232) found little to no persistent cosmetic or psychosocial harms associated with screening. Conclusions and Relevance A substantial nonrandomized evidence base suggests a clear association between earlier stage at skin cancer detection and decreased mortality risk. However, nonrandomized studies suggest little to no melanoma mortality benefit associated with skin cancer screening with visual skin examination in adolescents or adults and no association between routine clinician skin examination and earlier stage at melanoma detection. Evidence is inconsistent regarding whether clinician skin examination is associated with thinner melanoma lesions at detection.
Pharmacological management of youth with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: a comprehensive review of current treatments and future directions

ABSTRACT Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of mortality in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and over 50% of individuals with youth-onset T2D will develop DKD as a young adult. Diagnosis of early-onset DKD remains a challenge in young persons with T2D secondary to a lack of available biomarkers for early DKD, while the injuries may still be reversible. Furthermore, multiple barriers exist to initiate timely prevention and treatment strategies for DKD, including a lack of Food and Drug Administration approval of medications in pediatrics; provider comfort with medication prescription, titration, and monitoring; and medication adherence. Areas covered Therapies that have promise for slowing DKD progression in youth with T2D include metformin, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, endothelin receptor agonists, and mineralocorticoid antagonists. Novel agents are also in development to act synergistically on the kidneys with the aforementioned medications. We comprehensively review the available pharmacologic strategies for DKD in youth-onset T2D including mechanisms of action, potential adverse effects, and kidney-specific effects, with an emphasis on published pediatric and adult trials. Expert opinion Large clinical trials evaluating pharmacologic interventions targeting the treatment of DKD in youth-onset T2D are strongly needed.
Trunk Impairment Scale for Predicting Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Young Male Patients With Subacute Stroke

Objective To investigate the relationship between Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in subacute stroke patients. Methods Twenty-three subacute male stroke patients under the age of 65 were prospectively enrolled to exclude both postmenopausal and senile effects on BMD. The TIS, Berg Balance Scale, the Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index, and manual muscle test were measured at admission and 3 months after stroke onset. BMD of the bilateral lower extremities and lumbar vertebrae was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 3 months after stroke onset. Results TIS at baseline (TIS_B) and TIS at 3 months after stroke (TIS_3m) showed significant correlations with lumbar BMD (TIS_B, r=0.522; TIS_3m, r=0.517). Through multiple regression analysis, the TIS_B was associated with lumbar BMD (adjusted R2=0.474). However, BMD of the bilateral lower extremities was not correlated with any clinical measurements except body mass index. Conclusion We found a relationship between TIS_B and lumbar BMD in subacute young male stroke patients. Stroke patients with poor trunk control in the early subacute stage would have low BMD of vertebral bones at 3 months. The TIS can be useful for estimating bone fragility in the lumbar vertebrae of subacute stroke patients.
A Diagnostic Accuracy Study to Evaluate Standard Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) Alone to Safely Rule Out Imported Malaria in Children Presenting to UK Emergency Departments

Abstract Background Microscopy is the gold standard for malaria diagnosis but is dependent on trained personnel. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) form the mainstay of diagnosis in endemic areas without access to high-quality microscopy. We aimed to evaluate whether RDT alone could rule out imported malaria in children presenting to UK emergency departments (EDs). Methods UK-based, multi-center, retrospective, diagnostic accuracy study. Included: any child <16 years presenting to ED with history of fever and travel to a malaria-endemic country, between 01/01/2016 and 31/12/2017. Diagnosis: microscopy for malarial parasites (clinical reference standard) and RDT (index test). UK Health Research Authority approval: 20/HRA/1341. Results There were 47 cases of malaria out of 1,414 eligible cases (prevalence 3.3%) in a cohort of children whose median age was 4 years (IQR 2–9), of whom 43% were female. Cases of Plasmodium falciparum totaled 36 (77%, prevalence 2.5%). The sensitivity of RDT alone to detect malaria infection due to any Plasmodium species was 93.6% (95% CI 82.5–98.7%), specificity 99.4% (95% CI 98.9–99.7%), positive predictive value 84.6% (95% CI 71.9–93.1%) and negative predictive value 99.8% (95% CI 99.4–100.0%). Sensitivity of RDT to detect P. falciparum infection was 100% (90.3–100%), specificity 98.8% (98.1–99.3%), positive predictive value 69.2% (54.9–81.2%, n = 46/52) and negative predictive value 100% (99.7–100%, n = 1,362/1,362). Conclusions RDTs were 100% sensitive in detecting P. falciparum malaria. However, lower sensitivity for other malaria species and the rise of pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 (pfhrp2/3) gene deletions in the P. falciparum parasite mandate the continued use of microscopy for diagnosing malaria.
Eigenfunction Approach to Transient Patterns in a Model of Chemotaxis

In the paper we examine solutions to a model of cell movement governed by the chemotaxis phenomenon derived in [] and established via macroscopic limits of corresponding microscopic cell-based models with extended cell representations. The model is given by two PDEs for the density of cells and the concentration of a chemical. To avoid singularities in cell density, the aggregating force of chemotaxis phenomenon is attenuated by a density dependent diffusion of cells, which grows to infinity with density tending to a certain critical value. In this paper we recover the quasi-periodic structures provided by this model by means of (local in time) expansion of the solution into a basis of eigenfunctions of the linearized system. Both planar and spherical geometries are considered.
Quantitative analysis of culturable bacteria, levels of endotoxins, inflammatory mediators, and substance P in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and in teeth with vital normal pulp tissues.

AIM To comparatively analyse the levels of culturable bacteria, endotoxins (LPS), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta IL-1β and substance P in teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP) and vital normal pulp (VNP) tissues. METHODOLOGY Thirty-two patients were included (20 teeth with SIP and 12 teeth with VNP tissues) in this cross-sectional study. Samples were collected from the full length of the root canals (microbial analysis) and periapical tissues (2 mm beyond the apex for immunological analysis), using sterile absorbent paper points. The levels of culturable bacteria (culture method), endotoxins (LAL Pyrogent 5000), TNF-α, IL-1β and substance P (ELISA) were assessed. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons between the levels of CFU/mL, LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β and substance P in the SIP and VNP groups. The statistical analysis was performed with the significance level set at 5%. RESULTS Culturable bacteria were recovered from all teeth with SIP. On the other hand, no positive cultures were observed in the VNP tissues group (P > 0.05). The levels of LPS were approximately 4 times higher in teeth with SIP than in teeth with VNP tissues (P < 0.05). Higher levels of TNF-α and substance P were detected in teeth with SIP (P < 0.05). On the other hand, no difference in the levels of IL-1β was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis present higher levels of culturable bacteria, endotoxins, TNF-α and substance P than those with vital normal pulp tissues. On the other hand, the levels of IL-1β were similar in teeth from both groups suggesting reduced implications of this inflammatory mediator in the early stages of infection.
Lung Cancer and Risk Factors in Lebanon: Epidemiology, Temporal Trends, and Comparison to Countries From Different Regions in the World

Background Lung cancer (Lca) is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study examines the Lca incidence and trends in Lebanon and compares them to regional and global ones. It also discusses Lca risk factors in Lebanon. Methods Lung cancer data from the Lebanese National Cancer Registry for 2005 to 2016 was obtained. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASRw) and age-specific rates per 100 000 population were calculated. Results Lung cancer ranked second for cancer incidence in Lebanon from 2005-2016. Lung cancer ASRw ranged from 25.3 to 37.1 per 100 000 males and 9.8 to 16.7 per 100 000 females. Males 70-74 and females 75+ had the highest incidence. Lung cancer ASRw in males increased significantly at 3.94% per year from 2005 to 2014 (P > .05), then decreased non-significantly from 2014 to 2016 (P < .05). Lung cancer ASRw in females increased significantly at 11.98% per year from 2005 to 2009 (P > .05), then increased non-significantly from 2009 to 2016 (P < .05). Males' Lca ASRw in Lebanon was lower than the global average in 2008 and became similar in 2012 (34.1 vs 34.2 per 100 000); However, females' Lca ASRw was almost comparable to the global average in 2008 and exceeded it in 2012 (16.5 vs 13.6, respectively, per 100 000). Males’ and Females’ Lca ASRw in Lebanon were among the highest in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region but lower than those estimated for North America, China and Japan, and several European countries. The proportion of Lca cases attributed to smoking among Lebanese males and females was estimated at 75.7% and 66.3% for all age groups, respectively. The proportion of Lca cases attributed to air pollution with PM10 and PM2.5 in Lebanon was estimated at 13.5% for all age groups. Conclusion Lung cancer incidence in Lebanon is among the highest in the MENA region. The leading known modifiable risk factors are tobacco smoking and air pollution.
Magnetic reconnection driven by Gekko XII lasers with a Helmholtz capacitor-coil target

We demonstrate a novel plasma device for magnetic reconnection, driven by Gekko XII lasers irradiating a double-turn Helmholtz capacitor-coil target. Optical probing revealed an accumulated plasma plume near the magnetic reconnection outflow. The background electron density and magnetic field were measured to be approximately 1018 cm−3 and 60 T by using Nomarski interferometry and the Faraday effect, respectively. In contrast with experiments on magnetic reconnection constructed by the Biermann battery effect, which produced high beta values, our beta value was much lower than one, which greatly extends the parameter regime of laser-driven magnetic reconnection and reveals its potential in astrophysical plasma applications.
RNA-dependent interactome allows network-based assignment of RNA-binding protein function

Abstract RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form highly diverse and dynamic ribonucleoprotein complexes, whose functions determine the molecular fate of the bound RNA. In the model organism Sacchromyces cerevisiae, the number of proteins identified as RBPs has greatly increased over the last decade. However, the cellular function of most of these novel RBPs remains largely unexplored. We used mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics to systematically identify protein–protein interactions (PPIs) and RNA-dependent interactions (RDIs) to create a novel dataset for 40 RBPs that are associated with the mRNA life cycle. Domain, functional and pathway enrichment analyses revealed an over-representation of RNA functionalities among the enriched interactors. Using our extensive PPI and RDI networks, we revealed putative new members of RNA-associated pathways, and highlighted potential new roles for several RBPs. Our RBP interactome resource is available through an online interactive platform as a community tool to guide further in-depth functional studies and RBP network analysis (https://www.butterlab.org/RINE).
Preschoolers and Adults Learn From Novel Metaphors

Although adults use metaphors to guide their thinking and reasoning, less is known about whether metaphors might facilitate cognition earlier in development. Previous research shows that preschoolers understand metaphors, but less is known about whether preschoolers can learn from metaphors. The current preregistered experiment investigated whether adults (n = 64) and 3- and 4-year-olds (n = 128) can use metaphors to make new inferences. In a between-subjects design, participants heard information about novel artifacts, conveyed through either only positive metaphors (e.g., “Daxes are suns”) or positive and negative metaphors (e.g., “Daxes are suns. Daxes are not clouds.”). In both conditions, participants of all ages successfully formed metaphor-consistent inferences about abstract, functional features of the artifacts (e.g., that daxes light up rather than let out water). Moreover, participants frequently provided explanations appealing to the metaphors when justifying their responses. Consequently, metaphors may be a powerful learning mechanism from early childhood onward.
Simulasi Pemanfaatan Data Losat Untuk Pemetaan Padi

Simulation onthe Use of LOSAT Data for Rice Field Mapping. Since the launch of LAPAN-TUBSAT satellite in 2007, Indonesia has been developing mission on earth observation missions for various applications. The next generation mission, called LAPAN-ORARI Satellite (LOSAT), is currently under development and expected to be launched in 2011. In order to facilitate the applications, a thorough assessment of the sensor should be made. This paper presents an examination of simulated LOSAT data for rice monitoring and mapping purposes coupled with QUEST statistical tree. We found that three-band simulated LOSAT data were suitable for the task with reasonably high accuracy.
Cellulose synthase-like D movement in the plasma membrane requires enzymatic activity

Cellulose Synthase-Like D (CSLD) proteins, important for tip growth and cell division, are known to generate β-1,4-glucan. However, whether they are propelled in the membrane as the glucan chains they produce assemble into microfibrils is unknown. To address this, we endogenously tagged all eight CSLDs in Physcomitrium patens and discovered that they all localize to the apex of tip-growing cells and to the cell plate during cytokinesis. Actin is required to target CSLD to cell tips concomitant with cell expansion, but not to cell plates, which depend on actin and CSLD for structural support. Like Cellulose Synthase (CESA), CSLD requires catalytic activity to move in the plasma membrane. We discovered that CSLD moves significantly faster, with shorter duration and less linear trajectories than CESA. In contrast to CESA, CSLD movement was insensitive to the cellulose synthesis inhibitor isoxaben, suggesting that CSLD and CESA function within different complexes possibly producing structurally distinct cellulose microfibrils.
MicroRNA‐147b induces neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells by targeting ribosomal protein RPS15A

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in men, often androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to the progression of androgen independent PCa (AIPC) which further leads to Neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC). Identifying the molecular mechanisms which navigate the neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of PCa cells is clinically relevant. It has been suggested that the micro RNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the regulation of intrinsic mechanisms relevant to tumor progression, resistance as a result leads to poor prognosis. miR‐147b has been transpiring as one of the deregulated miRNAs associated with the occurrence of multiple cancers. The present study has studied the role of miRNA‐147b in inducing NEPC.
A Refinement of Gronwall-Bellman Inequality

本文用微分方程组理论和柯西矩阵级数展开作为工具，将Gronwall-Bellman不等式推广成向量形式。 The article modifies Gronwall-Bellman inequality into vector form by the theory of differential equation and Cauchy matrix series expansion.
The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum can sense environmental changes and respond by antigenic switching

Significance The parasites that cause malaria avoid destruction by the human immune response by systematically changing the antigens they expose on the infected cell surface. This process, called antigenic variation, is responsible for the chronic nature and virulence of the disease. The mechanisms enabling parasites to undergo antigen switching remain unknown; however, it has been assumed that this process occurs stochastically over the course of an infection. Here we show that parasites can sense changes in their environment and undergo antigen switching in response to those changes. This implies a much more sophisticated interaction between host and parasite than was previously appreciated and suggests that parasites have evolved to undergo antigenic switching when needed, for example in response to immune recognition.