Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized Unequal Dual-Frequency Wilkinson Power Divider Using Pi-Structure Impedance Transformers

Abstract This article reports a miniaturized unequal dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider with high suppression and isolation of the intermediate-band signal. To satisfy the requirement of size reduction, arbitrary dual-frequency applications, and unequal power split simultaneously, four compact Pi-structure impedance transformers with symmetric stubs are proposed to replace four conventional quarter-wavelength transmission line transformers employed in the traditional unequal single-band Wilkinson power divider. In addition, the closed-form design equations of all Pi-structure impedance transformers are obtained based on the corresponding analytical solutions, and a single isolation resistor R is used to obtain ideal isolation between two output ports in this proposed miniaturized unequal dual-frequency Wilkinson power divider after rigorous mathematical proof. For verification, simulated and measured results of an unequal (the power-dividing ratio is 3 dB) miniaturized microstrip power divider operating at both 1 GHz and 2.4 GHz are shown, and good agreement between the simulated and measured results can be observed.
Distributed Secure State Estimation for Cyber-Physical Systems Against Replay Attacks via Multisensor Method

This article investigates thedistributed securestate estimation problem for cyber-physical systems under replay attacks. The main purpose is to design the distributed observers such that the estimation error system is stable. First, a detection algorithm is proposed to not only expose the behavior of the attacker but also identify which sensor is tampered. Then, the distributed observers are designed and the adverse effects are eliminated. Moreover, in view of the linear matrix inequality technique, a sufficient condition is presented, which ensures that the estimation error system is stable and achieves an $H_{\infty }$ property. Finally, a practical inverted pendulum example is employed to elaborate the effectiveness and superiority of the presented design and detection method.
Speech recognition by humans and machines under conditions with severe channel variability and noise

Despite dramatic recent advances in speech recognition technology, speech recognition still perform much worse than humans. The difference in performance between humans and machines is most dramatic when variable amounts and types of filtering and noise are present during testing. For example, humans readily understand speech that is low-pass filtered below 3 kHz or high-pass filtered above 1 kHz. Machines trained with wide-band speech, however, degrade dramatically under these conditions. An approach to compensate for variable unknown sharp filtering and noise is presented which uses mel-filter-bank magnitudes as input features, estimates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each filter, and uses missing feature theory to dynamically modify the probability computations performed using Gaussian Mixture or Radial Basis Function neural network classifiers embedded within Hidden Markov Model recognizers. The approach was successfully demonstrated using a talker-independent digit recognition task. It was found that recognition accuracy across many conditions rises from below 50% to above 95% with this approach. These promising results suggest future work to dynamically estimate SNR's and to explore the dynamics of human adaptation to channel and noise variability.
Brave New World: A Literature Review of Emerging Donors and the Changing Nature of Foreign Assistanc- Working Paper 273

In this paper, we look at the scale and scope of emerging donors, many of which are developing economies themselves. On the basis of a survey of the literature, we find that estimates of annual aid flows from new donors (so-called non-DAC donors) vary greatly and are somewhere between $11 billion and $41.7 billion, or 8 and 31 percent of global gross ODA. We find that new donors are not a monolithic group but instead represent three distinct models of aid delivery, which we describe as the DAC Model, the Arab Model and the Southern Model. While we see the need to increase transparency and accountability of aid flows across these delivery models, we do not see a convergence to the DAC model. Rather, emerging donors may follow different paths, in accordance with their own traditions and standards. We argue that encouraging aid transparency, especially reporting data on project-level assistance, must be the core focus of the aid community. To engage the non-DAC donors, the forum for international aid coordination might need to be moved away from the OECD-DAC platform; DAC could instead serve as one donor caucus within a larger international system of aid reporting.
Relation between product yield and plasma process induced damage

The impact of plasma process induced damage (charging) on the yield of products in 75-120 /spl Aring/ CMOS processes has been analyzed. It was shown that product yield loss is related to the threshold voltage shift of charging sensitive test structures and thus to charging. A simple model is introduced in which the charging related yield loss component of products is expressed by the attributes of antennas and the extent of charging. The proposed model is found to predict charging related yield loss using only one process dependent parameter, as is shown for various products.
PERSEPSI KELOMPOK LANSIA TERHADAP KESEDIAAN MENERIMA VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI WILAYAH RURAL INDONESIA

Corona Virus Deisease (COVID-19) adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh jenis coronavirus (tipe beta (β-CoV). Situasi ini tentu saja sangat berpengaruh terhadap berbagai kelompok rentan, Tata laksana virus COVID-19 mendapatkan rekomendasi dari WHO untuk tindakan pencegahan penyebaran COVID-19 antara lain adalah melakukan handy hygiene, social distancing,memakai masker,dan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Selain itu untuk meningkatkan system pertahanan tubuh melawan virus dapat juga dilakukan dengan pemberian vaksin. Sejak pemerintah mengumumkan vaksinasi COVID-19 di Indonesia, masyarakat telah dihadapkan dengan berbagai dilema pemberlakuan kebijakan ini. Melihat aktivitas masyarakat di media sosial media, masih ditemukan seruan kelompok yang menolak vaksin Covid-19. Karena itu peneliti merasa tertarik untuk melihat bagaimana persepsi kelompok Lansia terhadap kesediaan menerima vaksin COVID-19 ditinjau dengan Health Belief Model. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif dengan tekhnik wawancara mendalam. Triangulasi sumber dalam penelitian ini adalah keluarga sebagai pendamping lansia dan petugas vaksinator puskesmas. Etika penelitian menggunakan deklarasi Helsinki dan analisis menggunakan analisis tematik dengan konsep Health Belief Model. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah; Lansia memiliki persepsi kerentanan yang baik, Lansia tau kefatalan virus COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan kematian, Lansiamengerti manfaat dari vaksin COVID-19, akan tetapi lansia masih ragu dengan efek samping dari vaksin tersebut berdasarkan pengalaman orang terdekat yang mereka lihat. Sehingga sangat dibutuhkan peran tenaga kesehatan yang lebih massif dalam memberikan informasi dan sosialisasi kepada lansia untuk dapat mempengaruhi perilaku penerimaan mereka terhadap program vaksin COVID-19.
Computing perspective shift in narratives

Natural language allows changing the point of view in narrative texts without overt perspective-shifting operators. A well-known example of such a perspective shift is free indirect discourse. But how do hearers (readers) know that they need to change the point of view in the first place? And when there are reasons to believe that the point of view is not that of the narrator, how do they know whose perspective is being developed? These questions have been rarely addressed in the literature, with the notable exceptions of Wiebe (1990, 1994) and Hinterwimmer (2019). This chapter reviews these proposals, adds a few new observations about the importance of rhetorical structure, and proposes to incorporate all the previous insights into one unified framework.
Integrating ICT to Improve Teachers Professional Competence of State Vocational High School in Medan

This research aims to discover the impact of integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve teachers professional competence of which the intervening variables were independent learning motivation, innovative attitude, and training with a quantitative descriptive using path analysis as the survey method. The sampling selection utilized a proportional stratified random sampling technique, with the total sample of 243 teachers from the total population of 659 teachers from 12 SVHS.
Power Amplifier Linearity Studies for SSB Transmissions

Intermodulation distortion measurements were made on traveling-wave tube amplifiers to determine the suitability of this tube type for use in single-sideband (SSB) frequency division multiplex transmitters. It was found that coupled cavity tubes exhibit better intermodulation distortion properties (by a factor of 5 or 6 db) than helix tubes. By employing a direct narrow-band feedback loop around a helix TWT, intermodulation distortion can be reduced by the amount of available loop gain. Both third-order distortion and noise-power ratio NPR measurements were made as a function of TWT output power. By using feedback techniques, it appears that a TWT ground transmitter could be made with sufficiently low distortion to satisfy CCIR requirements in the overall ground-spacecraft system without the use of compandors.
Enhancing a network coding security scheme to avoid packet dropping in wireless mesh networks

With the increase of mobile and smart device usage, the interest in dynamically forming networks is rising. One such type of network is Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). WMNs are multi-hop networks, with a decentralised nature that can dynamically form into mesh topologies. Network Coding (NC) is a method that is used to increase the efficiency of networks by encoding and decoding data on packet level by means of an XOR operation. NC works well with WMNs because it can exploit WMNs broadcast and opportunistic listening properties. When implementing NC on WMNs the issue of security has to be taken into consideration. Dong et al. identified various security threats for intra-flow NC in WMNs. Intra-flow NC combines packets within individual flows, where the information is divided into different flows called generations, to optimize the decoding process. They identified threats for each component of intra-flow NC for WMNs. These components include forwarding node selection, data packet forwarding and acknowledgement delivery. These threats respectively for each component are wormhole attacks and link quality falsification, packet pollution and packet dropping and acknowledgementdropping, injection and delay. We identified that most security schemes focus on packet pollution attacks in NC, but not on any other threats. Packet dropping is also a major threat in networks that is not addressed. Both packet pollution and packet dropping are threats identified for the data forwarding component of WMNs. The Delayed Authentication with Random Transformations (DART) security scheme addresses packet pollution in intra-flow NC systems. The scheme is based on time asymmetry and checksums. The DART scheme only addresses packet pollution and not any of the other identified threats. The DART scheme was selected to be enhanced to also address packet dropping. iv To enhance the DART scheme we added additional information to the DART scheme’s checksum packets to detect malicious packet dropping nodes in the network. The information added to the checksum packet took the form of a HealthMatrix, which indicates how many packets a node has received and verified. The new scheme, called the Packet Dropping Detection (PDD) scheme collects the additional information from the checksum packets at the receiver node. The receiver sends the collected information to the source node which then uses the information to identify the malicious nodes in the network. These nodes are then removed from the network. The results show that this new scheme causes a small decrease in throughput about 2%. The identification of malicious nodes can be used as a diagnostic tool and faulty nodes can be repaired or removed form the network. The advantage to detect malicious packet dropping nodes far outweighs this decrease in throughput. In this dissertation we investigate the effects of packet pollution and packet dropping on NC networks in WMNs. We also enhance an already existing scheme (DART) to add additional packet dropping detection security to it without a great loss in throughput.
Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton

The periodic amplification of solitons is shown to develop an instability. This becomes evident through the appearance of a series of discrete sidebands in the soliton power spectrum. These sidebands do not exhibit the power tuning characteristic of the modulational instability, but instead follow an inverse square root dependence on the amplification period. >
Intermodulation products from nonlinearities in transmission lines and connectors at microwave frequencies

An experimental investigation of intermodulation products generated by nonlinear effects at contacts between similar and dissimilar metals has been carried out, and the results are reported and discussed here. Seven contact materials were used, and the effects of oxidation and electroplating of contacts were observed. Measurements of 3rd-order (2fA-fB) and 5th-order (3fA-2fB) intermodulation products were made using two S-band signal sources, of frequencies fA and fB, respectively, with a centre frequency of 3 GHz.
An Efficient Content Store-Based Forwarding Scheme for Internet of Things

One of the main advantages of information-centric networking (ICN) is that a requested piece of content can be retrieved from a content store (CS) at any intermediate node, instead of its original content producer. In existing ICN designs, nodes forward Interest packets mainly based on forwarding information base (FIB). FIB is constructed from name prefixes registered by content producers with a list of next hops to the name prefixes. The ICN forwarding engine uses those information to forward Interest packets towards corresponding content producers. CS information of a node is currently used only for checking the availability of cached content objects at the node and is not considered in the data plane of existing ICN forwarding mechanisms. This paper highlights the importance of CS information in an ICN forwarding mechanism and enables neighbor CS information in the data plane to improve the cache hit ratio and forwarding efficiency, especially for resource-constraint Internet of Things (IoT). We propose an efficient CS-based forwarding scheme for IoT. The proposed forwarding scheme exploits CS information of neighbors to find efficient routes to forward Interest packets toward nearby nodes with corresponding cached content. For that, we carefully design an efficient way for CS information sharing using counting bloom filter. We implement the proposed scheme and compare with state-of-the-art ICN forwarding schemes in IoT. Experimental results indicate that the proposed forwarding scheme achieves a significant improvement in terms of cache hit ratio, energy efficiency, content retrieval latency, and response rate.
Does Industry Self-Regulation Reduce Accidents? Responsible Care in the Chemical Sector

Our study, examining the impact of Responsible Care in the US chemical manufacturing sector, is the first to test the impact of self-regulation program on industrial accidents. RC requires members to adhere to codes of conduct on production safety and pollution prevention. Using our author-constructed database of 1,867 firms that own 2,963 plants between 1988 and 2001, we instrument for firms’ self-selection into RC using pollution-related regulatory pressure on firms that influences their probability of joining RC, but not plant-level accidents. We find that RC reduces the likelihood of accidents by 2.99 accidents per 100 plants in a given year or by 69.3%. RC also reduces the likelihood of process safety accidents and accidents related to violations of RC codes by 5.75 accidents per 100 plants in a given year or by 85.9%. Alternatively, estimates using Propensity Score Matching methods indicate that RC reduces the likelihood of accidents by 0.66 accidents per 100 plants in a given year. We conclude that the RC-led reduction in the likelihood of accidents contributes to economically significant averted losses, with savings, even based on the smaller PSM estimates, totaling $180 million per year.
Shipboard studies of L-, C-, and X-band backscatter and surface wind forcing during NORCSEX'91

During November of 1991, microwave scattering measurements of the ocean were obtained from a research vessel in support of coastal ocean studies in coordination with the commissioning phase of the newly launched ERS-1 spacecraft. The NORwegian Continental Shelf EXperiment provided in situ shipboard observations of wind-wave-current interactions and backscatter in coincidence with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions. Insight gained from the in situ observations will be used in the interpretation of the oceanographic and meteorological features found in SAR imagery. <<ETX>>
CERT ®1 System and Network Security Practices i

Networks have become indispensable for conducting business in government, commercial, and academic organizations. Networked systems allow you to access needed information rapidly, improve communications while reducing their cost, collaborate with partners, provide better customer services, and conduct electronic commerce. While computer networks revolutionize the way you do business, the risks they introduce can be fatal to a business. Attacks on networks can lead to lost money, time, products, reputation, sensitive information, and even lives. Systems, networks, and sensitive information can be compromised by malicious and inadvertent actions despite an administrator's best efforts. Even when an administrator knows what to do, they often don't have the time to do it; operational day-to-day concerns and keeping systems functioning take priority over securing those systems. The knowledge that most system and network administrators have about protecting and securing systems typically comes from experience and word-of-mouth, not by consulting a published set of procedures that serve in the role of de facto standards generally accepted by the administrator community; these do not currently exist. For this reason and others described in this paper, an administrator needs easy-to-access, easy-to- understand, easy-to-implement security practices. The CERT system and network security practices are intended to meet these needs. CERT security practices are organized into five top-level steps: Harden/Secure, Prepare, Detect, Respond, and Improve. A total of fifty current practices comprise these steps. They are summarized in this paper and fully documented on the CERT web site at http://www.cert. org. The practices to harden and secure systems form a strong foundation by establishing secure configurations of computing assets. Prepare, Detect, Respond, and Improve practices assumes that Harden/Secure practices have been implemented and provide further guidance on what to do when something suspicious, unexpected, or unusual occurs.
Greek myth or fact? The role of Greek houses in alcohol and drug violations on American campuses

ABSTRACT Greek-letter student social groups, better known as fraternities and sororities, are a ubiquitous feature on many American higher education campuses. These organizations, especially fraternities, have a reputation for encouraging unruly and improper behaviour among both members and non-members. This paper investigates the effect of the degree of prevalence of these Greek organizations at a campus, as measured by the percentage of students who are members of fraternities and sororities, on the instances of liquor and drug law violations on campuses, as measured by the number of arrests for liquor and drug laws violations. Using a unique dataset, which combines data from three sources, we address any potential selection bias by including several controls associated with party culture and through the inclusion of institution-level fixed effects. We find that a larger percentage of students in fraternities (but not sororities) is associated with an increase in the number of arrests for drug law violations. A larger percentage of students in sororities (but not the percentage of students in fraternities) is associated with a larger number of arrests for liquor law violations. This result is highly significant and is robust across various specifications.
Magnetic excitation of high-Q resonance with split-ring resonators

Planar split-ring resonators (SRRs) with broken symmetry, excited by the electric field of incident wave, have been widely used to realize the high-Q resonance. In this paper, we report by theory and experiment an alternative scheme to induce the SRR-based high-Q resonance. The proposed scheme utilizes a two-dimensional array of vertical SRRs with vertical air gaps, which enables the excitation of narrow resonance with magnetic field and strong enhancement of local electromagnetic fields. The working mechanism correlates with the strong directional dependence of the dipole radiation (i.e., the elimination of electric-dipole radiation of the SRRs in the propagation direction), rather than the destructive interference due to the structural symmetry breaking. The dependence of Q factor on the structural parameters has also been studied theoretically, suggesting that a Q factor more than 2000 can be achieved. The results may be useful for designing narrow-band filters and sensors in the microwave or THz regime.
Towards a Synthetic Biology Toolset for Metallocluster Enzymes in Biosynthetic Pathways: What We Know and What We Need

Microbes are routinely engineered to synthesize high-value chemicals from renewable materials through synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Microbial biosynthesis often relies on expression of heterologous biosynthetic pathways, i.e., enzymes transplanted from foreign organisms. Metallocluster enzymes are one of the most ubiquitous family of enzymes involved in natural product biosynthesis and are of great biotechnological importance. However, the functional expression of recombinant metallocluster enzymes in live cells is often challenging and represents a major bottleneck. The activity of metallocluster enzymes requires essential supporting pathways, involved in protein maturation, electron supply, and/or enzyme stability. Proper function of these supporting pathways involves specific protein–protein interactions that remain poorly characterized and are often overlooked by traditional synthetic biology approaches. Consequently, engineering approaches that focus on enzymatic expression and carbon flux alone often overlook the particular needs of metallocluster enzymes. This review highlights the biotechnological relevance of metallocluster enzymes and discusses novel synthetic biology strategies to advance their industrial application, with a particular focus on iron-sulfur cluster enzymes. Strategies to enable functional heterologous expression and enhance recombinant metallocluster enzyme activity in industrial hosts include: (1) optimizing specific maturation pathways; (2) improving catalytic stability; and (3) enhancing electron transfer. In addition, we suggest future directions for developing microbial cell factories that rely on metallocluster enzyme catalysis.