Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Forms of Social Understanding and Preschoolers’ Social Interactions With Peers and Teachers in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample

Abstract:The aim of the current study was to address the potential moderating roles of emotional display rule knowledge and race in the relation between false-belief understanding and preschoolers’ positive interactions and behaviors with peers and teachers. Participants included 87 African American and Latinx preschoolers (52 boys and 35 girls, mean age 51.70 months) recruited from a Head Start program. After controlling for language, false-belief understanding was positively associated with positive ratings of children’s observed behavior with peers and teachers, but only for children average and low in knowledge of emotional display rules. In contrast, there was a significant and positive association between false-belief understanding and teacher ratings of challenging child behavior, but only for children with high emotional display rule knowledge. We also found that associations among false-belief understanding, emotional display rule knowledge, and children’s positive classroom interactions were influenced by child race. Findings are interpreted in light of the different levels of conceptual processing involved in core components of cognitive and affective dimensions of social understanding.
Identifying the Challenges of Child Abuse Detection Among Emergency, Pediatrics, and Family Medicine Practitioners in Saudi Arabia

Background: Child abuse is a significant issue across many countries. Despite the situation's innate understanding, many children are not reported to authorities and continue to experience abuse, sometimes even death. Healthcare professionals must be alert for abuse in any child who appears with injuries that are out of the ordinary because it is easy for indicators of child abuse to go unnoticed in a busy emergency department. The current study aims to evaluate and detect the challenges in diagnosing and reporting cases of child abuse among healthcare practitioners in emergency, pediatrics, and family medicine. Methods: A self-administered online disseminated questionnaire was used for data collection during the period from October 1 to December 30, 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted on emergency, pediatrics, and family medicine healthcare practitioners working in hospitals in healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0 for (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) Windows. Results: The study sample constituted 200 physicians working in the front lines of healthcare like emergency, pediatrics, and family medicine primary care services, 50.5% were males and 49.5% were females. 36.5% of participants were 31-39 years old. 42% were family medicine physicians, 36.5% were pediatricians, and 21.5% were emergency medicine. About 43% of participants attended an educational workshop on child abuse. Nineteen percent of participants are very familiar with the diagnosis of child abuse and 36% of participants reported one to three cases of child abuse in the emergency department in the last year, 5% reported four to six cases and 56.5% reported none. Forty-seven percent of participants reported diagnosing one to five cases of child abuse throughout their whole career, 13% reported 11-15 cases, 6.5% reported six to 10 cases and 28.5% reported none. Causes of underdiagnosis of child abuse by healthcare providers were reported as 63% inexperience, 59% inadequate time for physical examination, 59% lack of diagnosis protocol, 51% lack of confidence in communicating with parents, 36% physicians' cultural background, and 38% lack of confidence in the diagnosis. 93.5% of participants think that healthcare practices need further education for child abuse. Conclusion: In conclusion, physicians in Saudi Arabia who participated in the study had good knowledge to diagnose a case of child abuse. Inexperience, inadequate time for physical examination, lack of diagnosis protocol, lack of confidence in communicating with parents, and physicians' cultural background were the main identified challenges for diagnosing child abuse. Familiarity with cases of child abuse was significantly associated with physicians’ age, specialty, and level of training.
Measuring Volatility Persistence and Asymmetric Effects Around Index Rebalancing of Nifty Indices

This paper examines the time-varying volatility behavior of the stocks that are added to or deleted from the major indices (Nifty 50 and Nifty Next 50) of the National Stock Exchange of India around the event of index rebalancing. The best fit asymmetric panel GJR-GARCH model estimates suggest that volatility persistence is relatively higher for the stocks added to a prominent benchmark index compared to the stocks deleted from such an index. On the contrary, the stocks deleted from a prominent benchmark index are exposed to a higher degree of volatility asymmetry than the stocks added. Our findings have implications on traders, asset managers, exchange managers, regulators and analysts.
Signatures of carrier-wave Rabi flopping in GaAs

Summary form only given. Illuminating a semiconductor with a constant light intensity can lead to a periodic oscillation of the inversion, a phenomenon which is known as Rabi flopping. Using pulsed excitation, Rabi flopping has been observed on semiconductors and exhibited periods in the range from 100 fs to 1 ps. Hughes (Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 81, p. 3363, 1998) theoretically investigated the question of what happens when the light intensity becomes so high that the period of one Rabi oscillation becomes comparable with that of only one cycle of light, 2.7 fs for the band edge of GaAs, and predicted a new phenomenon: carrier-wave Rabi flopping. During a carrier-wave Rabi oscillation, the optical polarization becomes strongly distorted, which can lead to a double-peak structure (the Fourier-transform of the Rabi oscillation) in the third-harmonic (3/spl omega/) spectra. This characteristic shape is quite different from the well-known off-resonant third-harmonic generation. Importantly, resonant effects contain information on the dynamics of electronic resonances-potentially on the timescale of a single optical cycle. It is clear that, under these conditions, the usual envelope approximation breaks down, i.e. both the rotating wave approximation (RWA) as well as the slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA) must not be used. This paper investigates carrier-wave Rabi flopping experimentally.
Recommendation Model for an After-School E-learning Mobile Application

: In this article we present a learning resources recommendation system for an after-school educational mobile application. The goal of our system is to recommend relevant content among the learning resources available in the application to fit student needs and to encourage autonomous learning. The system is based on a graph of key notions to structure the application learning resources. We use the Item Response Theory method to evaluate the student knowledge and filter the most relevant resources to study depending on three learning strategies: revision, continuation and deepening. The resources filtered by the selected strategy, are ranked mainly based on a pedagogical score. The system has been implemented for the Mathematics subject and analysed for middle and high-school students in real-life conditions. In Fall 2022, we recorded the learning traces of 1 458 students that interacted with the system. By analysing experts opinions, logs and students feedback, we can conclude that our system is pedagogically relevant, appreciated and used by students.
Dermatology Publications in Saudi Arabia: A Fast-Growing Pattern

Bibliometric analysis provides an accurate report of the quantity and quality of research affiliated with a specific country. We aimed to use bibliometric analysis to evaluate previously published dermatology-related studies from Saudi Arabia (SA). We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases to retrieve all SA-affiliated dermatology research from the databases’ respective dates of conception to July 9, 2021. The number of publications was determined by the total number of articles, the number of times an article was cited, publishing journals, and affiliated institutions. The Hirsch index (h-index) was used to describe the quality of the articles. In total, SA-affiliated dermatologists published 1,319 articles in WoS and Scopus. Approximately half (n=603) of these articles were published in the past six years. According to WoS, the total number of citations was 9,285 with more than half of all citations also occurring in the past six years. The International Journal of Dermatology was associated with the highest number of publications, followed by the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. SA had the second-highest number of publications in the Arab world. Our area has recently experienced rapid growth in dermatology publications. We encourage the use of data from the current study to identify the strengths and weaknesses of such publications, to direct researchers and funds to enhance the national growth of dermatology research, and to conduct periodic bibliometric analyses with the aim of assessing the quality and quantity of SA-affiliated publications over time.
Relativity Based on Physical Processes Rather Than Space-Time

Physicists’ understanding of relativity and the way it is handled is at present dominated by the interpretation of Albert Einstein, who related relativity to specific properties of space and time. The principal alternative to Einstein’s interpretation is based on a concept proposed by Hendrik A. Lorentz, which uses knowledge of classical physics to explain relativistic phenomena. In this paper, we will show that on the one hand the Lorentz-based interpretation provides a simpler mathematical way of arriving at the known results for both Special and General Relativity. On the other hand, it is able to solve problems which have remained open to this day. Furthermore, a particle model will be presented, based on Lorentzian relativity, which explains the origin of mass without the use of the Higgs mechanism, based on the finiteness of the speed of light, and which provides the classical results for particle properties that are currently only accessible through quantum mechanics.
Effects of stress due to cutting on magnetic characteristics of silicon steel.

Although the deteriorations of magnetic characteristics of silicon steel due to shearing stress have been observed, the degrees of the deteriorations have not been assessed quantitatively. As the technique of measuring microscopic distribution of flux density has recently been developed, the effects of stress on the flux distribution can be investigated quantitatively. The deteriorations of magnetization curve of non-oriented silicon steel due to shearing stress are examined.
Cascade Control of Non-Ideal Boost Power Converter

Abstract This article presents the analysis and design of a cascade controller for regulation of output voltage in a non-ideal boost power converter. Non-ideal boost power converter is a well-known nonlinear non-minimum phase system. Hence it is chosen to show the ability of the proposed control technique. The proposed technique involves sliding mode current loop and internal model-based voltage loop. Cascade controller based non-ideal boost power converter exhibits fast dynamic response, excellent tracking, and rejection of disturbances even though input voltage, load and parameters of the converter are uncertain. Validation on an experimental prototype followed by detailed analysis of results is presented.
Nanotechnology in the Field of Electric Vehicles

In this era of advocating environmental protection and low-carbon economy, electric vehicles (EVs) are now being promoted all over the world, and the world's leading traditional car brands are focusing their strategic approach on developing EVs. However, EVs do have many drawbacks such as paradox of battery performance and range. Batteries equipped in EVs nowadays usually have a low capacity, and heavy and large battery pack is not only expensive to manufacture but also reduces the range. Enhancing the performance of the battery pack and reducing the weight of the EVs has become a crucial problem. This article reveals that the application of nanotechnology has accelerated the development of EVs by improving the battery performance, enhancing the mechanical strength and reducing the weight of the car bodies. Specifically, nanomaterials such as nano LiFePO4, nano Li2MnSiO4 and carbon nanotubes can be applied to the electrodes to have a larger capacity, higher specific power, and longer cycle life, thus increasing performance and driving range. Besides, to achieve further reduction in body weight and increase body strength, lightweight nanocomposites such as carbon fibre reinforced composite can also be applied to structural application of an EV. The use of this nanocomposite significantly reduces the overall weight of the vehicle, increases the rigidity of the bodywork and improves the performance and safety of the vehicle. In the future, seeking for electric vehicles with longer driving ranges, more efficient batteries with better performance and higher long-term safety will be of academic and commercial significance.
GAME ANALYSIS OF MULTI-OBJECTIVE DESIGN ON LUFF MECHANISM OF COMPENSATIVE SHEAVE BLOCK

Considering the requirement of multi-objective design comprehensively, such as the stability and economy of luff mechanism of compensative sheave block, a method based of game theory is raised. By transferring the multi-objective design into the decision based on game-theory, decomposing the whole design variable assembly into the stratagem set belongs to every side of game by adopting influential factor's index and fuzzy clustering method, the technical line and calculation steps of game analysis of multi-objective problem are established. The game analysis results of double-objective and triple-objective of a concrete example show that the solution obtained by the method converge fast and has better robustness than that found by the multi-objective optimum method.
Student Teacher Interaction While Learning Computer Science: Early Results from an Experiment on Undergraduates

The scope of this paper was to find out how the students in Computer Science perceive different teaching styles and how the teaching style impacts the learning desire and interest in the course. To find out, we designed and implemented an experiment in which the same groups of students (86 students) were exposed to different teaching styles (presented by the same teacher at a difference of two weeks between lectures). We tried to minimize external factors' impact by carefully selecting the dates (close ones), having the courses in the same classroom and on the same day of the week, at the same hour, and checking the number and the complexity of the introduced items to be comparable. We asked for students' feedback and we define a set of countable body signs for their involvement in the course. The results were comparable by both metrics (body language) and text analysis results, students prefer a more interactive course, with a relaxing atmosphere, and are keener to learn in these conditions.
Health in the Skies: A Narrative Review of the Issues Faced by Commercial Airline Pilots

While the health of airline pilots is crucial to ensuring the safe travel of millions of people worldwide, they remain vulnerable to a variety of health challenges due to the nature of their job. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the most common health issues experienced by commercial airline pilots. By examining the published literature on this topic, we sought to identify areas where further research is needed to understand better the health risks associated with being a pilot and to develop effective interventions to address these risks. We also highlight how recent technological advances in digital health can be leveraged to conduct research into the potential usefulness of telehealth assessments for identifying occupational hazards in the aviation sector and providing targeted interventions. Overall, addressing the challenges of taking care of pilots’ health and ensuring public safety will require a collaborative effort among airlines, governments, and regulators. Prioritizing pilot health and safety can actually improve profitability in the aviation sector by reducing costs associated with absenteeism, turnover, and accidents.
Methodology of automated ionosphere front velocity estimation for ground‐based augmentation of GNSS

Extreme ionospheric anomalies occurring during severe ionospheric storms can pose integrity threats to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Ground‐Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS). Ionospheric anomaly threat models for each region of operation need to be developed to analyze the potential impact of these anomalies on GBAS users and develop mitigation strategies. Along with the magnitude of ionospheric gradients, the speed of the ionosphere “fronts” in which these gradients are embedded is an important parameter for simulation‐based GBAS integrity analysis. This paper presents a methodology for automated ionosphere front velocity estimation which will be used to analyze a vast amount of ionospheric data, build ionospheric anomaly threat models for different regions, and monitor ionospheric anomalies continuously going forward. This procedure automatically selects stations that show a similar trend of ionospheric delays, computes the orientation of detected fronts using a three‐station‐based trigonometric method, and estimates speeds for the front using a two‐station‐based method. It also includes fine‐tuning methods to improve the estimation to be robust against faulty measurements and modeling errors. It demonstrates the performance of the algorithm by comparing the results of automated speed estimation to those manually computed previously. All speed estimates from the automated algorithm fall within error bars of ± 30% of the manually computed speeds. In addition, this algorithm is used to populate the current threat space with newly generated threat points. A larger number of velocity estimates helps us to better understand the behavior of ionospheric gradients under geomagnetic storm conditions.
Shining a light on the neural signature of effortful listening

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate a possible neural correlate of effortful listening. Hearing-impaired individuals report more listening effort than their normally hearing peers, with negative consequences in daily life (e.g., increased absenteeism from work). Listening effort may reflect neuro-cognitive processing underlying the recovery of meaning from a degraded auditory signal. Indeed, evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests that the processing of degraded speech is associated with increased activation in cortical areas outside the main auditory regions within the temporal lobe. However, acoustic scanner noise presents a serious methodological challenge in fMRI. This challenge can potentially be overcome using fNIRS, a silent, non-invasive brain-imaging technique based on optical measurements. In the current study, we used fNIRS to confirm the finding that attentive listening to degraded (noise-vocoded) speech leads to increased ac.
Human SARS-CoV-2 challenge resolves local and systemic response dynamics

The COVID-19 pandemic is an ongoing global health threat, yet our understanding of the cellular disease dynamics remains limited. In our unique COVID-19 human challenge study we used single cell genomics of nasopharyngeal swabs and blood to temporally resolve abortive, transient and sustained infections in 16 seronegative individuals challenged with preAlpha-SARS-CoV-2. Our analyses revealed rapid changes in cell type proportions and dozens of highly dynamic cellular response states in epithelial and immune cells associated with specific timepoints or infection status. We observed that the interferon response in blood precedes the nasopharynx, and that nasopharyngeal immune infiltration occurred early in transient but later in sustained infection, and thus correlated with preventing sustained infection. Ciliated cells showed an acute response phase, upregulated MHC class II while infected, and were most permissive for viral replication, whilst nasal T cells and macrophages were infected non-productively. We resolve 54 T cell states, including acutely activated T cells that clonally expanded while carrying convergent SARS-CoV-2 motifs. Our novel computational pipeline (Cell2TCR) identifies activated antigen-responding clonotype groups and motifs in any dataset. Together, we show that our detailed time series data (covid19cellatlas.org) can serve as a 'Rosetta stone' for the epithelial and immune cell responses, and reveals early dynamic responses associated with protection from infection.
Gene fusions during the early evolution of mesothelioma correlate with impaired DNA repair and Hippo pathways

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), a rare cancer a long latency period (up to 40 years) between asbestos exposure and disease presentation. The mechanisms coupling asbestos to recurrent somatic alterations are poorly defined. Gene fusions arising through genomic instability may create novel drivers during early MPM evolution. We explored the gene fusions that occurred early in the evolutionary history of the tumor. We conducted multiregional whole exome sequencing (WES) of 106 samples from 20 patients undergoing pleurectomy decortication and identified 24 clonal nonrecurrent gene fusions, three of which were novel (FMO9P‐OR2W5, GBA3, and SP9). The number of early gene fusion events detected varied from zero to eight per tumor, and presence of gene fusions was associated with clonal losses involving the Hippo pathway genes and homologous recombination DNA repair genes. Fusions involved known tumor suppressors BAP1, MTAP, and LRP1B, and a clonal oncogenic fusion involving CACNA1D‐ERC2, PARD3B‐NT5DC2, and STAB2‐NT5DC2 fusions were also identified as clonal fusions. Gene fusions events occur early during MPM evolution. Individual fusions are rare as no recurrent truncal fusions event were found. This suggests the importance of early disruption of these pathways in generating genomic rearrangements resulting in potentially oncogenic gene fusions.