Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rôle fonctionnel des interactions latérales dans l'intégration du mouvement visuel : étude en imagerie optique au niveau du cortex visuel primaire du singe éveillé

La thematique principale de nos travaux est l'etude de l'integration du mouvement au niveau de la population du cortex visuel primaire du singe eveille : de l'identification des circuits corticaux impliques dans le traitement du mouvement,jusqu'a l'identification et l'emergence d'un signal de mouvement. Nous avons ainsi principalement utilise deux protocoles (mouvement reel ou apparent). La reponse neuronale de population a l'entree du systeme (V1) a ete comparee a une reponse comportementale en sortie, la reponse de suivi oculaire reflexe (OFR). L'activite de population dans le cortex visuel primaire est enregistree par imagerie optique de composes sensible au potentiel.Nous avons alors montre que la reponse au contraste dans V1 est controlee par un bassin de normalisation dynamique qui evolue lentement via un recrutement progressif et polysynaptique des circuits recurrents locaux. Ce bassin recoit des afferents horizontaux lies au contraste qui suppriment graduellement le gain au contraste et a la reponse neuronale.Ensuite, en comparant l'activite de population de V1 avec la reponse de suivi oculaire reflexe avec un stimulus dont l'echelle intermediaire active a la fois l'entree et la sortie du systeme, nous avons identifie deux mecanismes distincts, impliques dans les interactions contextuelles etudiees : un mecanisme precoce et rapide agissant sur les entrees fortes provenant majoritairement de MT et un mecanisme lent et soutenu plus visible sur les entrees faibles provenant majoritairement de V1.Finalement, en etudiant l'integration et la representation du mouvement apparent a la surface de V1, nous avons observe que la dynamique de l'activite corticale generee par des stimuli de mouvement apparent induit une suppression non-lineaire a la surface du cortex qui permet a la population de V1 de ne representer qu'un seul stimulus a la fois, et ferait donc emerger un signal de mouvement non-ambigu.Pour conclure, nos experiences montrent que les interactions non-lineaires entre et parmi les aires corticales entrainent la normalisation, la modulation et l'emergence de differents signaux de mouvement.
Measurement of Time-Dependent CP Violation in B The Belle Collaboration

: We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP violation parameters in B 0 → η (cid:48) K 0 decays. The measurement is based on the full data sample containing 772 × 10 6 B ¯ B pairs collected at the Υ(4 S ) resonance using the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e + e − collider. The measured values of the mixing-induced and direct CP violation parameters are: where the ﬁrst uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The values obtained are the most accurate to date. Furthermore, these results are consistent with our previous measurements and with the world-average value of sin 2 φ 1 measured in B 0 → J/ψK 0 decays.
Evaluation of 6 week-inhalation exposure to benzalkonium chloride in rats

Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) is commonly used as an antimicrobial biocide and is likely to be exposed by inhalation; however, studies on the effects of its repeated inhalation are insufficient. In this study, I have investigated the time-dependent and concentration-dependent effects of BKC inhalation on the respiratory tracts of rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected from these rats to estimate the number of immune cells, to determine cytokine levels, and to perform histopathological analysis in response to BKC inhalation. The rats were divided into four groups and were exposed to BKC aerosol at a concentration of 0 (control group), 0.8 mg/m 3 (T1 group), 4.0 mg/m 3 (T2 group), and 20 mg/m 3 (T3 group) for up to 6 weeks and sacrificed on days 14 and 42. After 2 weeks of inhalation exposure, histopathological changes were observed in the lung and nasal tissues of the inhaled animals at concentration of 0.8, 4, and 20 mg/m 3 and the levels of inflammation related cytokines, IL-1 β , IL-6, and MIP-2, decreased in the exposed groups as compared to the control group. After 4 weeks of additional exposure, these changes recovered. Although the changes were diminished after additional inhalation exposure, the changes by BKC aerosol inhalation were observed in animals exposed to concentrations above 0.8 mg/m 3 . Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level by inhalation exposure of BKC aerosol is suggested to be less than 0.8 mg/m 3 .
C like”—A Molecular Tool for the Fast Genome Detection of PPRV and Differential Diagnostic Pathogens

: To assist the global eradication of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a molecular test for the rapid and reliable detection of PPRV was developed which additionally enables the detection of pathogens relevant for differential diagnostics. For this purpose, the necessary time frame of a magnetic bead ‐ based nucleic acid extraction protocol was markedly shortened to 7 min and 13 s. The optimized extraction was run on a BioSprint 15 platform. Furthermore, a high ‐ speed multi ‐ well RT ‐ qPCR for the genome detection of PPRV and additional important pathogens such as Foot ‐ and ‐ mouth disease virus, Parapoxvirus ovis, Goatpox virus, and Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae was established and combined with suitable internal control assays. The here ‐ described qPCR is based on a lyophilized master mix and takes only around 30 to 40 min. Several qPCR cyclers were evaluated regarding their suitability for fast ‐ cycling approaches and for their diagnostic performance in a high ‐ speed RT ‐ qPCR. The final evaluation was conducted on the BioRad CFX96 and also on a portable Liberty16 qPCR cycler. The new molecular test designated as “F AST C HECK FLI PPR ‐ like”, which is based on rapid nucleic acid extraction and high ‐ speed RT ‐ qPCR, delivered reliable results in less than one hour, allowing its use also in a pen ‐ side scenario.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM

— The aim of this paper is to express the accuracy and time results of speech recognition (SR) system, based on Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). The numbers of speech files were considered for the experimentation, MFCC were extracted and coefficients were statistically analyzed. Audio database is used for training and testing of the algorithm. Also Gaussian filters have been replaced with triangular filters to achieve higher level of accuracy. The speech files of about 2 second duration are to be given as input to training and testing unit. The results will be checked for a number of speech files. The accuracy achieved by the proposed approach is expected higher than previous systems under study and can be implemented using Matlab as the programming tool.
a method for the analysis

Multi-marker association tests can be more powerful than single-locus analyses because they aggregate the variant information within a gene/region. However, combining the association signals of multiple markers within a gene/region may cause noise due to the inclusion of neutral variants, which usually compromises the power of a test. To reduce noise, the “adaptive combination of P values” (ADA) method removes variants with larger P -values. However, when both rare and common variants are considered, it is not optimal to truncate variants according to their P -values. An alternative summary measure, the Bayes factor (BF), is defined as the ratio of the probability of the data under the alternative hypothesis to that under the null hypothesis. The BF quantifies the “relative” evidence supporting the alternative hypothesis. Here, we propose an “adaptive combination of Bayes factors” (ADABF) method that can be directly applied to variants with a wide spectrum of minor allele frequencies. The simulations show that ADABF is more powerful than single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-set kernel association tests and burden tests. We also analyzed 1,109 case-parent trios from the Schizophrenia Trio Genomic Research in Taiwan. Three genes on chromosome 19p13.2 were found to be associated with schizophrenia at the suggestive significance level of 5 × 10 − 5 . Multi-marker association tests can be more powerful than single-locus analyses because these tests combine variant information within a gene/region. Moreover, the multiple-testing penalty is moderate compared with that encountered in single-locus analyses. However, combining the association signals of multiple markers within a gene/region may cause noise due to the inclusion of neutral variants, which usually compromises the power of a multi-marker association test. To
Multicenter Identiﬁcation and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Candida Species Isolated from Clinical Samples

Background: Invasivefungalinfectionswithoutpropertreatmentcouldleadtohighmortalityrate,especiallyinimmunocompro-mised patients. Candida species distribution and drug susceptibility in diﬀerent the etiologic agents and drug susceptibility patterns in each for the best of patients with Candida aim this study to identify Candida species isolated from clinical samples of six university hospitals in Iran and detect their susceptibility patterns to seven antifungal agents. Methods: Clinical samples from patients with fungal infections were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Isolated yeasts were identiﬁed by API 20C AUX kit, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Drug susceptibility patterns to amphotericin B, caspofungin, voriconazole, ﬂuconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole were determined, according to CLSI M27-A3 and S4. Results: In total, 428 species of Candida were isolated from clinical samples (1950 samples). Most isolated species were Candida albicans ,followedby C.tropicalis , C.parapsilosis , C.kefyr,C.famata,C.glabrata,C.krusei,C.dubliniensis,C.guilliermondii and C.lusitaniae . rate albicans caspofungin, 96.6%, 99.5%, 88.6%, µ g/mL, 0.125 µ g/mL, 0.125 µ g/mL, µ g/mL, µ g/mL, valuesforketoconazoleandposaconazolewere0.125 g/mLand0.064 g/mL,respectively. Candida C. C. C. agents and their susceptibility patterns in each region is helpful for successful treatment of the patients. ITR were 20%, MIC90 16 µ g/mL
of Birmingham Variability of the helical axis during active cervical movements in people with chronic neck pain

Examines movement variability in people with neck pain via parameters of the helical Decreased movement variability was observed in people with chronic Movement variability decreased higher ABSTRACT 47 Background: Recent work described parameters of the helical axis in asymptomatic people with 48 potential for investigating kinematic changes in the cervical region. This approach could provide 49 novel information on movement variability in people with neck pain, however this has never 50 been investigated. This study aimed to investigate movement variability during active neck 51 movements performed at different speeds in people with and without chronic neck pain. 52 Methods: This observational case-control study examined 18 participants with chronic neck pain 53 of either idiopathic or traumatic origin and 18 gender-matched asymptomatic participants. 54 Cervical kinematics were captured with 3D motion capture as people with and without chronic 55 neck pain performed flexion-extension, bilateral lateral flexion and bilateral rotation at different 56 speeds (natural, slow, and fast). The mean distance and mean angle parameters of the helical axis 57 were extracted to describe 3D motion and quantify movement variability. 58 Findings: A smaller mean distance was observed in those with neck pain compared to 59 asymptomatic participants during flexion-extension ( P =0.019) and rotation movements 60 (p=0.007). The neck pain group displayed smaller values for the mean angle during rotation 61 movements with different speeds ( P =0.01). These findings indicate less variable movement for 62 those with neck pain relative to the asymptomatic control participants. No difference in the mean 63 angle was observed between groups for flexion-extension and lateral flexion. Interpretation: The findings reiterate the importance of data derived from kinematic measures, and its potential for providing clinicians with further insight into the quality of active neck movements in people with chronic neck pain. objective of this study was to investigate movement variability during active of flexion-extension, lateral flexion and rotation performed at different speeds in people with and without neck pain. People with CNP of either idiopathic or traumatic origin were included. The secondary objective to assess correlations between HA parameters and levels of pain, disability, fear of movement, physical activity and dizziness in
Development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for development of diabetic foot ulceration: an analysis of data from five cohort studies

Introduction The aim of the study was to develop and validate a clinical prediction rule (CPR) for foot ulceration in people with diabetes. Research design and methods Development of a CPR using individual participant data from four international cohort studies identified by systematic review, with validation in a fifth study. Development cohorts were from primary and secondary care foot clinics in Europe and the USA (n=8255, adults over 18 years old, with diabetes, ulcer free at recruitment). Using data from monofilament testing, presence/absence of pulses, and participant history of previous ulcer and/or amputation, we developed a simple CPR to predict who will develop a foot ulcer within 2 years of initial assessment and validated it in a fifth study (n=3324). The CPR’s performance was assessed with C-statistics, calibration slopes, calibration-in-the-large, and a net benefit analysis. Results CPR scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 had a risk of ulcer within 2 years of 2.4% (95% CI 1.5% to 3.9%), 6.0% (95% CI 3.5% to 9.5%), 14.0% (95% CI 8.5% to 21.3%), 29.2% (95% CI 19.2% to 41.0%), and 51.1% (95% CI 37.9% to 64.1%), respectively. In the validation dataset, calibration-in-the-large was −0.374 (95% CI −0.561 to −0.187) and calibration slope 1.139 (95% CI 0.994 to 1.283). The C-statistic was 0.829 (95% CI 0.790 to 0.868). The net benefit analysis suggested that people with a CPR score of 1 or more (risk of ulceration 6.0% or more) should be referred for treatment. Conclusion The clinical prediction rule is simple, using routinely obtained data, and could help prevent foot ulcers by redirecting care to patients with scores of 1 or above. It has been validated in a community setting, and requires further validation in secondary care settings.
START UP AND LOVE THE GAME

Focus of this Master Thesis is finding the solution for problem of “Not the right team” which arises as one of major reasons why early stage companies (start-ups) failed. Team formation, as a structural source of the problem, highly affects future life of a company; therefore, its process should be done very carefully. Examining structure of start-ups and looking deeply into the problem, Team formation is segmented on aspects of Team alignment, Team balance and Team heterogeneity which are then further analysed. Innovative approach is created using insights from analogous distant field. In that sense, connections between sports and start-ups are established. Exploration showed that basketball is the best field from which valuable insight could arise. Specific connections between basketball and start-up are explained having in mind targeted Team formation aspects. Statistical analysis using hierarchical multiple regression is conducted to explore if observed Team formation aspects significantly contribute to team success in basketball. Results show there is statistically significant explanation of team success done by Alignment and Team balance variables. It gives scientifically grounded opportunity to transfer practices and knowledge from one field to another. Simple framework how, founder can enhance and investors evaluate, Alignment aspect is presented, along with further recommendations.
Vision-based smoke detector

Previous studies have documented the significant applications of the electronic smoke detector. With the capabilities of vision based fire detection and increase in the number of surveillance cameras, a lesser attention is given to the vision-based type smoke detector. Moreover, some drawbacks have been identified in the accuracy and efficiency of smoke detection. The present study proposes a vision based smoke detector to overcome the shortcomings of the current traditional electronic and vision based smoke detectors. A Convolutional Neural Network is used to classify the smoke regions. After testing the proposed method, the accuracy was approximately 94%. When a modern approach of object detection is used to support image classifying, its accuracy increases by 96%.
BODY-SITE DISTRIBUTION OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS LESIONS AMONG CHILDREN IN AL QASSIM, SAUDI ARABIA

: Purpose : Atopic dermatitis [AD] is a chronic skin condition that's characterized by the presence of an itchy skin lesion of relapsing and remitting nature. It's common among children with an incidence of 9-37% worldwide. Until now, there's no consensus among experts regarding the distributive pattern of AD. AD has a significant impact on the quality of life for the parents of the affected children, due to the chronicity of the disease and the inconvenience of the treatment regimens. The aim of this study is to examine the distribution of AD lesions among children and parental stress of their mothers in Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2020 to September 2020 at Al Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed via online methods to 330 parents with children diagnosed with AD, 300 questionnaires were analyzed. Results : The face, upper chest, and antecubital fossae were the most common sites affected in the children with atopic dermatitis. There was variation with age, with AD being more frequent on the face in younger children and such occurrence diminishing with age. Lesions involving the face, trunk, or flexures were significantly associated with higher Stress among mothers. Conclusion : Atopic dermatitis distributions and skin reaction patterns are influenced by the patient’s age and gender. The consequences of some distributive patterns of children with AD were associated with a high level of stress among mothers. The discordances in the phenotypes of AD among children should be recognized by Physicians to diagnose and evaluate the severity of AD.
Hedgehog receptor function during craniofacial development Developmental Biology

The Hedgehog signalling pathway plays a fundamental role in orchestrating normal craniofacial devel- opment in vertebrates. In particular, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is produced in three key domains during the early formation of the head; neuroectoderm of the ventral forebrain, facial ectoderm and the pharyngeal endoderm; with signal transduction evident in both ectodermal and mesenchymal tissue compartments. Shh signalling from the prechordal plate and ventral midline of the diencephalon is required for ap- propriate division of the eye ﬁ eld and forebrain, with mutation in a number of pathway components associated with Holoprosencephaly, a clinically heterogeneous developmental defect characterized by a failure of the early forebrain vesicle to divide into distinct halves. In addition, signalling from the pharyngeal endoderm and facial ectoderm plays an essential role during development of the face, in- ﬂ uencing cranial neural crest cells that migrate into the early facial processes. In recent years, the complexity of Shh signalling has been highlighted by the identi ﬁ cation of multiple novel proteins that are involved in regulating both the release and reception of this protein. Here, we review the contributions of Shh signalling during early craniofacial development, focusing on Hedgehog receptor function and de- scribing the consequences of disruption for inherited anomalies of this region in both mouse models and human populations. & 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
The Relationship between Vertical Jump Performance and Peak Torque of Lower Limb Muscles among Basketball Players

Background: Basketball game demands good muscle strength and an anaerobic power of lower extremities for best performance during the game. The vertical jump is one of the most explosive physical movements performed in basketball game and shooting is the basic way to get scores in basketball. For this reason, jump shot is the most frequently training method used in basketball academics. Literatures on muscle strength training to improve vertical jump performance among athletes are well established. However there is no detailed information of association of mechanical contribution of hip, knee or ankle with vertical jump with respect to the jump training regime, whether training program should include eccentric or concentric strength training techniques. Aim of the study: To find the correlation between vertical jump performance and peak torque of lower limb muscles among basketball players. Method: Through convenience sampling 39 collegiate basketball players were recruited after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Isokinetic concentric peak torque of hip extensors (180 0 /sec), knee extensors (120 0 /sec) and plantar flexors (120 0 /sec) was assessed for dominant lower limb with 5 repetitions. After recording the peak torque, the subjects will be made to rest for 15 minutes and vertical jump test with 3 trails were recorded. Data Analysis: Descriptive statistic of concentric peak torque of hip, knee and ankle muscles and vertical jump performance were analyzed in the term of mean and standard deviation. Spearson’s correlation coefficient between peak torque of hip, knee and ankle muscles and vertical jump scores were correlated and 2 –tailed significance t test was done for significance. Results: significant correlation of concentric peak torque of knee extensors at angular velocity of 120 0 per sec with vertical jump was noted. Further linear regression coefficient correlation was found between concentric peak torques of knee extensors with vertical jump. Conclusion: The result of this study indicates the significant correlation of peak torque of knee extensors at angular velocity of 120 0 per sec with vertical jump performance among basketball players. The knee extensors seem to be the greater contributor for vertical jump performance