Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective planning for naval mine counter measures missions

Near-optimal scheduling and allocation for DoD missions is complicated by many factors, including multiple measures of effectiveness, mixed-initiatives, heterogeneity of systems and non-uniformity of homogenous systems; these factors contribute to a complex planning problem with non-linear, combinatorial, and continuous components that is further complicated by information uncertainty. In Navy, mine counter measure missions, planning entails components of the vehicle routing problem with time windows and flexible flowshop scheduling with pre-emptive maintenance. We present a multiobjective mine counter measures problem formulation and describe the non-dominated scheduler, a scheduling programme that parametrically explores continuous dimensions of the decision space, stochastically samples from exponentially large decision spaces, and uses surrogate metrics to bound computational complexity. This provides mission commander with a non-dominated set of alternative plans. This scheduler has been integrated into existing tools and is being evaluated by the US Navy for extension and integration into next-generation mine warfare decision aids.
Influence of surface of explosive on its detection and identification using the SDA method for analysis of the reflected THz signal

The SDA (Spectral Dynamics Analysis) method is used for the detection and identification of the PWM C4 explosive with the surface having inhomogeneity, caused by action of the sandpaper with different grit on the explosive surface, or with the surface having various curvature of its surface. We show that the SDA-method is good tool for the detection and identification of the explosive using THz signal reflected from the PWM C4 explosive. We propose (see as well [24]) integral criteria for the identification of substances. These criteria allow to detect the explosive despite an influence of its shape on the THz spectrum. Proposed assessments and algorithms for computation of the identification probability show both high probability of the substance identification and a reliability of realization in practice.
Suppression of surface recombination in InP/GaAsSb double heterojunction bipolar transistors with InP–InAlAs composite emitter

In this work, a detailed study on the surface recombination in InP/GaAsSb double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with an InP–InAlAs composite emitter was carried out. The experimental data clearly revealed that the surface recombination was effectively suppressed by using InP–InAlAs composite emitter in the devices. At a low collector current density JC, a reduction in the normalized emitter periphery surface recombination current KB_surf of by a factor of 50 was observed. The physical mechanisms responsible for the surface recombination in the InP/GaAsSb DHBTs with an InP–InAlAs composite emitter were examined by characterization of the temperature-dependent KB_surf. The results demonstrate the great potential for aggressive scaling of GaAsSb DHBTs by using an InP–InAlAs composite emitter configuration.
An Energy-Based Back-Propagation Algorithm for Image Recognition

It is important to recognize images such as fingerprints, even if it’s with noise, rotated or with missed area. It is difficult to recognize such images using the Standard Back-Propagation algorithm (SBP) neural network with high accuracy identification rate. Thus, this paper presents an Energy based Back-Propagation algorithm (EBP). The energy function is used with the convergence process to extract the nearest image for the unknown tested image. The EBP algorithm combines the fuzzy logic and the back-propagation neural network. It uses the fuzzy logic to convert the digital image into binary image and the back-propagation net for the identification process. The EBP algorithm shows considerably better performance in terms of time of learning, time of convergence and size of input image compared to the SBP algorithm. For the tested samples, the time of learning and convergence was 8.2 seconds, using the EBP, compared to 1312.7 seconds, when using the SBP. The EBP can handle images of sizes up to 600 by 600 pixels, while the SBP can handle images of sizes up to 10 by 10. The EBP showed accuracy of recognition close to 100% for images without noise and it is better than the SBP by 20% to 80% in cases with noise. The performance of the EBP was investigated on images of different noise ratios, rotated images and images with missing areas. It is found that the EBP can recognize images that were effected by noise, rotation and missing parts.
Random growth in a tessellation

Let S be n dimensional Euclidean space and let T be a division of S into cells. Assume that each cell must be either white or black at any time t. At time 0 the cell at the origin, α0, is black and all other cells are white. Let G be some stochastic growth process which tends to change white cells with black neighbours into black cells. Let C(t) be the black shape at time t. For a family, F, of such growth processes we prove the following theorem.
Finite volume with non-uniform mesh for the solution of Maxwell's equations

The constraint of "regular" elements for "finite volumes" applied to Maxwell's integral equations, has been removed by introducing additional 9-node and 10-node bricks. These form "glue elements" which allow bisection of brick dimensions ad lib, leading to non-uniform, unstructured meshing. These bricks also permit first rather than zero'th order boundary fitting.
Spectra of 2 × 2 Upper-Triangular Operator Matrices

In [Perturbation of Spectrums of 2 × 2 Operator Matrices, Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, Vol. 121, 1994], the authors asked whether there was an operator such that for a given pair (A,B) of operators, where the operator was defined by . In this note, a partial answer for the question is given.
Reinforcement learning for MDPs using temporal difference schemes

In this paper we propose a reinforcement learning scheme for finding optimal and sub-optimal policies for the finite state Markov decision problem (MDP) with the infinite horizon discounted cost criterion. Online learning is utilized along with temporal difference schemes for approximating value functions to obtain a direct adaptive control scheme for the MDP. The approach features the approximation of stationary deterministic policies with randomized policies. We provide convergence results of the algorithm under very reasonable assumptions, in particular without aperiodicity assumptions.
COBE DIRBE near-infrared polarimetry of the zodiacal light: Initial results

This Letter describes near-infrared polarimetry of the zodiacal light at 2.2 micrometers, measured with the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) aboard the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft. The polarization is due to scattering of sunlight. The polarization vector is perpendicular to the scattering plane, and its observed amplitude on the ecliptic equator at an elongation of 90 deg and ecliptic longitude of 10 deg declines from 12.0 +/- 0.4% at 1.25 micrometers to 8.0 +/- 0.6% at 3.5 micrometers (cf. 16% in the visible); the principal source of uncertainty is photometric noise due to stars. The observed near-infrared colors at this location are redder than Solar, but at 3.5 micrometers this is due at least in part to the thermal emission contribution from the interplanetary dust. Mie theory calculations show that both polarizations and colors are important in constraining models of interplanetary dust.
A new stable space–time formulation for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional incompressible viscous flow

A space–time finite element method for the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded domain in ℝd (with d=2 or 3) is presented. The method is based on the time‐discontinuous Galerkin method with the use of simplex‐type meshes together with the requirement that the space–time finite element discretization for the velocity and the pressure satisfy the inf–sup stability condition of Brezzi and Babuška. The finite element discretization for the pressure consists of piecewise linear functions, while piecewise linear functions enriched with a bubble function are used for the velocity. The stability proof and numerical results for some two‐dimensional problems are presented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small Cloud Particle Shapes in Mixed-Phase Clouds

AbstractThe shapes of cloud particles with maximum dimensions Dmax between 35 and 60 μm in mixed-phase clouds were studied using high-resolution particle images collected by a cloud particle imager (CPI) during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (M-PACE) and the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC). The area ratio α, the projected area of a particle divided by the area of a circle with diameter Dmax, quantified particle shape. The differing optical characteristics of CPIs used in M-PACE and ISDAC had no effect on derived α provided that Dmax > 35 μm and CPI focus > 45. The fraction of particles with 35 0.8 increased with the ratio of liquid water content (LWC) to total water content (TWC). The average αmean of small particles in each 10-s interval in mixed-phase clouds was correlated with LWC/TWC with a correlation coefficient of 0.60 for M-PACE and 0.43 for ISDAC. The stronger correlation seen during M-PACE was most likely associated with the presence of more liq.
Comparison of methods to quantify interface trap densities at dielectric/III-V semiconductor interfaces

Methods to extract trap densities at high-permittivity (k) dielectric/III-V semiconductor interfaces and their distribution in the semiconductor band gap are compared. The conductance method, the Berglund intergral, the Castagne–Vapaille (high-low frequency), and Terman methods are applied to admittance measurements from metal oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) with high-k/In0.53Ga0. 47As interfaces with different interface trap densities. The results are discussed in the context of the specifics of the In0.53Ga0. 47As band structure. The influence of different conduction band approximations for determining the ideal capacitance-voltage (CV) characteristics and those of the MOSCAP parameters on the extracted interface trap density are investigated. The origins of discrepancies in the interface trap densities determined from the different methods are discussed. Commonly observed features in the CV characteristics of high-k/In0.53Ga0. 47As interfaces are interpreted and guidelines are developed to obtain.
Magnetocentrifugally driven flows from young stars and disks. 1: A generalized model

We propose a generalized model for stellar spin-down, disk accretion, and truncation, and the origin of winds, jets, and bipolar outflows from young stellar objects. We consider the steady state dynamics of accretion of matter from a viscous and imperfectly conducting disk onto a young star with a strong magnetic field. For an aligned stellar magnetosphere, shielding currents in the surface layers of the disk prevent stellar field lines from penetrating the disk everywhere except for a range of radii about pi = R(sub x), where the Keplerian angular speed of rotation Omega(sub x) equals the angular speed of the star Omega(sub *). For the low disk accretion rates and high magnetic fields associated with typical T Tauri stars, R(sub x) exceeds the radius of the star R(sub *) by a factor of a few, and the inner disk is effectively truncated at a radius R(sub t) somewhat smaller than R(sub x). Where the closed field lines between R(sub t) and R(sub x) bow sufficiently inward, the accreting gas attaches itself to the field and is funneled dynamically down the effective potential (gravitational plus centrifugal) onto the star. Contrary to common belief, the accompanying magnetic torques associated with this accreting gas may transfer angular momentum mostly to the disk rather than to the star. Thus, the star can spin slowly as long as R(sub x) remains significantly greater than R(sub *). Exterior to R(sub x) field lines threading the disk bow outward, which makes the gas off the mid-plane rotate at super-Keplerian velocities. This combination drives a magnetocentrifugal wind with a mass-loss rate M(sub w) equal to a definite fraction f of the disk accretion rate M(sub D). For high disk accretion rates, R(sub x) is forced down to the stellar surface, the star is spun to breakup, and the wind is generated in a manner identical to that proposed by Shu, Lizano, Ruden, & Najita in a previous communication to this journal. In two companion papers (II and III), we develop a detailed but idealized theory of the magnetocentrifugal acceleration process.
Approximations for Partial Differential Equations Appearing in Li-Ion Battery Models

Li-ion based batteries are believed to be the most promising battery system for HEV/PHEV/EV applications due to their high energy density, lack of hysteresis and low self-discharge currents. However, designing a battery, along with its Battery Management System (BMS), that can guarantee safe and reliable operation, is a challenge since aging and other mechanisms involving optimal charge and discharge of the battery are not sufficiently well understood. In a previous article [1], we presented a model that has been studied in [2]–[5] to understand the operation of a Li-ion battery. In this article, we continue our work and present an approximation technique that can be applied to a generic battery model. These approximation method is based on projecting solutions to a Hilbert subspace formed by taking the span of an countably infinite set of basis functions. In this article, we apply this method to the key diffusion equation in the battery model, thus providing a fast approximation for the single particle model (SPM) for both variable and constant diffusion case.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Criteria for the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation in ideal systems confined to restricted geometries

Several authors have proposed criteria for the onset of Bose-Einstein condensation in finite systems. Using mathematical techniques developed by Pathria and collaborators (1972) these various proposals are systematically examined by applying them to an ideal Bose gas confined to a cuboidal enclosure under periodic boundary conditions. The 'transition points' thus obtained have been subjected to a comparative study, which indicates that the most useful general criterion is the macroscopic one based on the maximum of the specific heat Cv.
Thermal and Electronic Attenuations and Dislocation Drag in the Hexagonal Crystal Cadmium

Thermal attenuations for dielectric crystals due to the Akheiser effect show characteristic patterns connected with crystal structure. For cubic crystals, the nonlinearity constants D—which determine the coupling of acoustic waves with the thermal phonons—are all larger for the longitudinal waves than they are for the shear waves by ratios that vary from 5 to 17. On the other hand, for trigonal and hexagonal crystals, the constants are in the same order. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate whether these conclusions hold for metal crystals. For these crystals, there are three sources of square‐law attenuation for longitudinal waves and two for shear waves. These are the thermoelastic effect, the phonon viscosity (Akheiser effect), and the electron‐damping effect. Previous measurements for the cubic crystals lead, aluminum, and copper, made over a temperature range, are analyzed for these three components, and it is shown that the phonon viscosity D values vary from 5.3 to 17.5 for the ratio of l.
COVID-19: Protocol and Checklist for Nursing Care Management at Urgent Care Units

Background: The 24 h urgent care units (24 h UCU) in Brazil are the main pre-admission hospital process of the public healthcare system and constitute an intermediate modality between primary care and hospital care. These units also provide care in cases of less severity that are not considered urgent. This study aimed to create and validate the content of a graphic protocol and checklist for the nursing care management of patients with a suspicion or confirmation of infection by COVID-19 at urgent care units. Methods: A methodological study was carried out in three phases: construct of items and dimensions of the checklist; evaluation of the checklist by specialists for content validation; and construct and content validation of the graphic protocol. Results: The checklist was evaluated by nine specialists. Eight items received suggestions for changes. Items with a content validity index ≥0.83 were maintained. With regard to content validity, despite the satisfactory level of agreement, the specialists suggested some changes in the writing of eight items. The graphic protocol was evaluated by six specialists and had an overall content validity of 0.97. Conclusion: The checklist with 44 items and three dimensions (Management, Biosafety and Care) and the protocol achieved a satisfactory standard of content validity for use at 24 h urgent care units. This protocol can contribute to the standardization and guidance of nursing actions in suspected and confirmed cases of COVID-19 at urgent care units, ensuring safe care based on scientific evidence.
Symbiotic Relation between Planetary and Synoptic-Scale Waves.

Abstract It is hypothesized that the low-frequency planetary scale waves and the high-frequency cyclone-scale waves in an equilibrated state of the atmosphere are symbiotically dependent upon one another. This is demonstrated with an analysis of a dissipative atmospheric model driven by a zonally symmetric forcing. Under a geophysically relevant parameter condition, the synoptic scale waves in the equilibrated state of this system intermittently extract a sufficient amount of energy from the modified instantaneous zonal flow to compensate not only for their own dissipative loss of energy but also for a net supply of energy to the planetary scale waves through the upscale energy cascade process. The planetary scale waves gain this energy in the barotropic form. The planetary scale waves, in turn, create localized strong baroclinic regions whereby the synoptic scale waves may preferentially intensify downstream of the model planetary jet streams. Such cyclone scale eddies collectively give rise to two model.
Adaptive boosting for ordinal target variables using neural networks

Boosting has proven its superiority by increasing the diversity of base classifiers, mainly in various classification problems. In reality, target variables in classification often are formed by numerical variables, in possession of ordinal information. However, existing boosting algorithms for classification are unable to reflect such ordinal target variables, resulting in non‐optimal solutions. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm of ordinal encoding adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) using a multi‐dimensional encoding scheme for ordinal target variables. Extending an original binary‐class AdaBoost, the proposed algorithm is equipped with a multi‐class exponential loss function. We show that it achieves the Bayes classifier and establishes forward stagewise additive modeling. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm with a base learner as a neural network. Our experiments show that it outperforms existing boosting algorithms in various ordinal datasets.
Experimental and Clinical Aspects of Sevoflurane Preconditioning and Postconditioning to Alleviate Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Scoping Review

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inflammatory process inherent in organ transplantation procedures. It is associated with tissue damage and, depending on its intensity, can impact early graft function. In liver transplantation (LT), strategies to alleviate IRI are essential in order to increase the use of extended criteria donor (ECD) grafts, which are more susceptible to IRI, as well as to improve postoperative graft and patient outcomes. Sevoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, has been shown to reduce IRI. This scoping review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the existing experimental and clinical data regarding the potential benefits of sevoflurane for hepatic IRI (HIRI) and to identify any gaps in knowledge to guide further research. We searched Medline and Embase for relevant articles. A total of 380 articles were identified, 45 of which were included in this review. In most experimental studies, the use of sevoflurane was associated with a significant decrease in biomarkers of acute liver damage and oxidative stress. Administration of sevoflurane before hepatic ischemia (preconditioning) or after reperfusion (postconditioning) appears to be protective. However, in the clinical setting, results are conflicting. While some studies showed a reduction of postoperative markers of liver injury, the benefit of sevoflurane on clinical outcomes and graft survival remains unclear. Further prospective clinical trials remain necessary to assess the clinical relevance of the use of sevoflurane as a protective factor against HIRI.
The Marginal Abatement Cost of Antimicrobials for Dairy Cow Mastitis: A Bioeconomic Optimization Perspective

Simple Summary The present work proposes an original approach for antimicrobial (AM) resistance reduction based on marginal abatement cost. The optimal use of AMs for dairy cows is defined, and the costs of decreasing antimicrobial use (AMU) below the optimal level and increasing AMU above the optimal level are assessed. Abstract Maintaining udder health is the primary indication for antimicrobial use (AMU) in dairy production, and modulating this application is a key factor in decreasing AMU. Defining the optimal AMU and the associated practical rules is challenging since AMU interacts with many parameters. To define the trade-offs between decreased AMU, labor and economic performance, the bioeconomic stochastic simulation model DairyHealthSim (DHS)© was applied to dairy cow mastitis management and coupled to a mean variance optimization model and marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) analysis. The scenarios included three antimicrobial (AM) treatment strategies at dry-off, five types of general barn hygiene practices, five milking practices focused on parlor hygiene levels and three milk withdrawal strategies. The first part of economic results showed similar economic performances for the blanked dry-off strategy and selective strategy but demonstrated the trade-off between AMU reduction and farmers’ workload. The second part of the results demonstrated the optimal value of the animal level of exposure to AM (ALEA). The MACC analysis showed that reducing ALEA below 1.5 was associated with a EUR 10,000 loss per unit of ALEA on average for the farmer. The results call for more integrative farm decision processes and bioeconomic reasoning to prompt efficient public interventions.
Water Ice on Triton

We discuss the spectroscopic detection of H2O ice on Triton, evidenced by the broad absorption bands in the near infrared at 1.55 and 2.04 μm. The detection of water ice on Triton reconfirms earlier preliminary studies (D. P. Cruikshank et al. 1984, Icarus58, 293–305). Although crystalline H2O ice has a distinctive spectral band at 1.65 μm, and our new models slightly favor the presence of this phase, we cannot unambiguously determine whether Triton's water ice is crystalline or amorphous. Both phases might be present, and special conditions in the surface microstructure may affect the spectroscopic signature of water ice in such a way that crystalline ice is present and its 1.65 μm spectral band is masked. Our spectra (1.87–2.5 μm) taken at an interval of nearly 3.5 years do not show any significant changes that might relate to reports of changes in Triton's spectral reflectance (B. Buratti et al. 1999, Nature397, 219), or in Triton's surface pressure (J. L. Elliot et al. 1998, Nature393, 765–767).