Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Soil biota impacts on plant access to different water pools in soil

Aims: Soil water availability depends on the capacity of soil pores to hold it via physical forces creating gradient of availability from tightly bound water to highly mobile water. Abiotic factors directly affect the size of these pools and plant access to them. Biotic factors influence plant-soil-water relations and possibly affect soil properties and plant access to different water pools. Thus, our aim was to contrast and assess the effect of biotic and abiotic soil environment on the plant uptake of water from the mobile and bound pool.Methods: Here, we used an 18O-enriched water approach to trace movement of water from bound and mobile pools into plants with experimentally manipulated soil biotic compositions and soil texture. Comparisons of responses between treatments with intact soil communities and those excluding larger organisms such as mycorrhizal fungi and microfauna allowed us to estimate the extent these organisms influence plant access to water pools. We assessed these responses in an unmodified soil as well as after dilution of soil with sand, to evaluate whether soil texture might influence biotic effects. Results: We found that removing larger organisms reduced plant access to bound water by 14 % and decreased exchange of water between the bound and mobile pools from 64 % to 41 % in the soil mixed with sand but not in the unmodified soil. Conclusions: This novel contribution demonstrates that soil biota can influence plant-soil-water relations and we propose further work to identify the specific soil biota and biophysical mechanisms involved.
Single Application of Low-Dose, Hydroxyapatite-Bound BMP-2 or GDF-5 Induces Long-Term Bone Formation and Biomechanical Stabilization of a Bone Defect in a Senile Sheep Lumbar Osteopenia Model

Effects of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles with bone morphogenetic BMP-2 or GDF-5 were compared in sheep lumbar osteopenia; in vitro release in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or sheep serum was assessed by ELISA. Lumbar (L) vertebral bone defects (Ø 3.5 mm) were generated in aged, osteopenic female sheep (n = 72; 9.00 ± 0.11 years; mean ± SEM). Treatment was: (a) HA particles (2.5 mg; L5); or (b) particles coated with BMP-2 (1 µg; 10 µg) or GDF-5 (5 µg; 50 µg; L4; all groups n = 6). Untouched vertebrae (L3) served as controls. Three and nine months post-therapy, bone formation was assessed by osteodensitometry, histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing. Cumulative 14-day BMP release was high in serum (76–100%), but max. 1.4% in PBS. In vivo induction of bone formation by HA particles with either growth factor was shown by: (i) significantly increased bone volume, trabecular and cortical thickness (overall increase HA + BMP vs. control close to the injection channel 71%, 110%, and 37%, respectively); (ii) partial significant effects for bone mineral density, bone formation, and compressive strength (increase 17%; 9 months; GDF-5). Treatment effects were not dose-dependent. Combined HA and BMPs (single low-dose) highly augment long-term bone formation and biomechanical stabilization in sheep lumbar osteopenia. Thus, carrier-bound BMP doses 20,000-fold to 1000-fold lower than previously applied appear suitable for spinal fusion/bone regeneration and improved treatment safety.
Temperature and Diet Acclimation Modify the Acute Thermal Performance of the Largest Extant Amphibian

Simple Summary The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) is one of the largest extant amphibian species, and it is considered critically endangered by the IUCN Red List. Previous studies have demonstrated that future climate change could strongly affect this species. However, how to conduct the related conservation activities are still unclear. Understanding the thermal physiology of A. davidianus is meaningful in guiding its conservation, e.g., habitat selection and preadaptation before population translocation. In this study, the influences of temperature and diet on the metabolic capacity and thermal limits were studied for A. davidianus larvae based on laboratory experiments. Our results indicated prominent physiological plasticity in the thermal tolerance of A. davidianus in response to temperature and diet changes. This thermal plasticity likely, to some extent, buffers the effects of climate change on the Chinese giant salamander. In addition, the potential mechanisms underlying this plasticity were discussed. Our results provide insights for the formulation of conservation strategies for this species. Abstract The Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus), one of the largest extant amphibian species, has dramatically declined in the wild. As an ectotherm, it may be further threatened by climate change. Therefore, understanding the thermal physiology of this species should be the priority to formulate related conservation strategies. In this study, the plasticity in metabolic rate and thermal tolerance limits of A. davidianus larvae were studied. Specifically, the larvae were acclimated to three temperature levels (7 °C, cold stress; 15 °C, optimum; and 25 °C, heat stress) and two diet items (red worm or fish fray) for 20 days. Our results indicated that cold-acclimated larvae showed increased metabolic capacity, while warm-acclimated larvae showed a decrease in metabolic capacity. These results suggested the existence of thermal compensation. Moreover, the thermal tolerance windows of cold-acclimated and warm-acclimated larvae shifted to cooler and hotter ranges, respectively. Metabolic capacity is not affected by diet but fish-fed larvae showed superiority in both cold and heat tolerance, potentially due to the input of greater nutrient loads. Overall, our results suggested a plastic thermal tolerance of A. davidianus in response to temperature and diet variations. These results are meaningful in guiding the conservation of this species.
Vascularized lymph node transplantation successfully reverses lymphedema and maintains immunity in a rat lymphedema model

Abstract Vascularized lymph node transplantation (VLNT) has shown inspiring results for the treatment of lymphedema. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how VLNT restores lymphatic drainage and whether or not immunity recovers after surgery. Hindlimb lymphedema model was created using rats with extensive groin and popliteal lymph node removable following with radiotherapy, and the lymphedema was confirmed using indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography and micro‐computer tomography for volume measurement. VLNT was performed 1 month later. Volume measurement, ICG lymphangiography, histology, and immune reaction were done 1 month after surgery. VLNT successfully reduced the volume of the lymphedema hindlimb, restored lymphatic drainage function with proven lymphatic channel, and reduced lymphedema‐related inflammation and fibrosis. It promotes lymphangiogenesis shown from ICG lymphangiography, histology, and enhanced lymphangiogenesis gene expression. Dendritic cell trafficking via the regenerated lymphatic channels was successfully restored, and maintained systemic immune response was proved using dinitrofluorobenzene sensitization and challenge. VLNT effectively reduces lymphedema and promotes lymphatic regeneration in the capillary lymphatic but not the collecting lymphatic vessels. Along with the re‐established lymphatic system was the restoration of immune function locally and systemically. This correlated to clinical experience regarding the reduction of swelling and infection episodes after VLNT in lymphedema patients.
Heat and mass transfer in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with gradient distribution of platinum loading along flow channel direction

The distribution of oxygen concentration along the flow channel direction is uneven in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. To make the full use of the higher oxygen concentration in the inlet area, the platinum loading can be designed to be gradient decreasing distribution from inlet to outlet. A two‐dimensional, nonisothermal, two‐phase agglomerate model is established to study the segment number and segment length effects on heat and species distributions and the cell performance. Results indicate that the gradient decreasing distribution of platinum loading can enhance the cell performance compared with the uniform distribution. Furthermore, increasing the segment number is unfavorable to the enhancement of cell performance but can make the temperature and oxygen concentration distributions of cathode catalyst layer more uniform. Increasing the segment length near the inlet area can make the cell performance improved, whereas it is unfavorable to the temperature distribution uniformity.
Discussion of “Co-citation and Co-authorship Networks of Statisticians”

We want to congratulate the authors on a fascinating article containing an insightful analysis and their hard work curating the high-quality co-citation and co-authorship networks. These datasets alone are a valuable contribution to the statistics profession, which will undoubtedly inspire future data science projects and advances in methodology. In fact, we are eager to use these networks in our own classrooms and research. Furthermore, the authors use these networks to tackling exciting questions in network science that go beyond the familiar problems of edge imputation and predicting node labels. In doing so, the authors perform a terrific analysis accompanied by exciting new methodology. This analysis serves as a great first step in understanding these networks, and the ideas initiated in this article will certainly stimulate many further research questions. For example, how do individuals influence the research trajectory of others? Or, how do the components of the proposed “research map” change over time? As statisticians, we have a first-hand understanding of the complex system these networks describe, which can help us contextualize these problems and validate our inferences. As such, we look forward to this dataset becoming a standard benchmark to test new models and scalable inference procedures. A central challenge of the work is rigorously quantifying the time-varying research patterns and trends of the statistics community, which naturally leads to the statistical modeling of dynamic networks. The authors skillfully use various dynamic block models to uncover statisticians’ community structure. In the remainder of this discussion, we focus on an alternative statistical network model known as latent space models. Specifically, we briefly describe the latent space modeling approach, highlight five further research questions, and demonstrate how latent space models may be used to answer them. Although other models, such as block models, may be appropriate to tackle these questions as well, we hope that this discussion gives future researchers an expanded toolset to investigate this rich data source. Latent space models (LSMs) are a popular approach to modeling networks first proposed by Hoff, Raftery, and Handcock (2002) for static networks and later generalized to dynamic networks by Sarkar and Moore (2006) and Sewell and Chen (2015). These models embed the nodes of a network into a low-dimensional latent space, which can provide meaningful
Including Value Education in Tertiary Level: What Bangladesh Think

Bangladesh is a country with numerous number of cultural, social and religious diversity. Such in a pluralist society, it is not easy to identify the common values to be taught. Therefore it is necessary to develop pupils’ values to show respect to others cultures and promote mutual tolerance and understanding through Value Education (VE). The purpose of the research was to explore teachers’ and students’ opinion to include VE as a course in higher education level in Bangladesh. It was a qualitative study and data was collected from the university teachers and students via semi-structured interview. In this study it has been found that religion is a sensitive issue to be taught in VE class which may cause conflict between teacher and students. Participants suggested that VE contents should be practical rather than be theoretical only. One of the challenges to include VE course was the influence of job market economy and because of it students would consider the course as a burden, not to fit for having jobs in future. One of the recommendations of this research was that VE teachers should be open, liberal, and respectful to students’ believe to manage the classroom conflict.
Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Zebrafish Embryos in Aquatic Ecosystems

The global application of engineered nanomaterials and nanoparticles (ENPs) in commercial products, industry, and medical fields has raised some concerns about their safety. These nanoparticles may gain access into rivers and marine environments through industrial or household wastewater discharge and thereby affect the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on zebrafish embryos in aquatic environments. We aimed to characterize the AgNP and ZnONP aggregates in natural waters, such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, and to determine whether they are toxic to developing zebrafish embryos. Different toxic effects and mechanisms were investigated by measuring the survival rate, hatching rate, body length, reactive oxidative stress (ROS) level, apoptosis, and autophagy. Spiking AgNPs or ZnONPs into natural water samples led to significant acute toxicity to zebrafish embryos, whereas the level of acute toxicity was relatively low when compared to Milli-Q (MQ) water, indicating the interaction and transformation of AgNPs or ZnONPs with complex components in a water environment that led to reduced toxicity. ZnONPs, but not AgNPs, triggered a significant delay of embryo hatching. Zebrafish embryos exposed to filtered natural water spiked with AgNPs or ZnONPs exhibited increased ROS levels, apoptosis, and lysosomal activity, an indicator of autophagy. Since autophagy is considered as an early indicator of ENP interactions with cells and has been recognized as an important mechanism of ENP-induced toxicity, developing a transgenic zebrafish system to detect ENP-induced autophagy may be an ideal strategy for predicting possible ecotoxicity that can be applied in the future for the risk assessment of ENPs.
Safety-Informed Design: Using Cluster Analysis to Elicit Hazardous Emergent Failure Behavior in Complex Systems

Identifying failure paths and potentially hazardous scenarios resulting from component faults and interactions is a challenge in the early design process. The inherent complexity present in large engineered systems leads to non-obvious emergent behavior, which may result in unforeseen hazards. Current hazard analysis techniques either focus on small slices of failure scenarios (fault trees and event trees), or lists of known hazards in the domain (hazard identification). Early in the design of a complex system, engineers may represent their system as a functional model. A function failure reasoning tool can then exhaustively simulate qualitative failure scenarios. Some scenarios will be identified as hazardous by hazard rules specified by the engineer, but the goal is to identify scenarios representing unknown hazards.A clustering method is applied repetitively to the large set of failure propagation results. Then, an algorithm identifies the scenario most likely to be hazardous, and presents it to the engineer. After viewing the scenario and judging its safety, the engineer may have insight to produce additional rules. The collaborative process of computer rating and human judgment will identify previously unknown hazards.The feasibility of this methodology is being tested on a relatively simple functional model of an electrical power system. Related work applying function failure reasoning to a team of robotic rovers will provide data from a more complex system.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Who loves to forgive? The mediator mechanism of service recovery between brand love, brand trust and purchase intention in the context of food-delivery apps

PurposeThis study investigates the mediating role of service recovery between brand love (BL), brand trust (BT) and purchase intention in the context of food-delivery apps.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows a quantitative approach. The authors conducted an online survey and collected 275 responses from users of food-delivery apps in South America and Asia. The authors analyzed the conceptual model proposed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS 3.0. FindingsThe results showed a direct and significant relationship between brand love, BT and purchase intention. Additionally, the authors identified the mediating role of service recovery between brand love, BT and purchase intention.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this study focused on the service recovery construct in general. Future research can address different types of service recovery, for example, core, interpersonal and procedure failures (Kim and Jang, 2016). Second, the authors restricted the study to the relationship between brand love, BT and purchase intention. Future studies can include other constructs, such as e-word of mouth, loyalty and information risk, as intervening variables. A larger sample can also be considered to support the generalization of the findings.Practical implicationsThis study recommends that companies enchant customers with immediate actions after a service failure has occurred. In doing so, companies must monitor those customers who have experienced a service failure, measuring the level of trust in the branded app and checking the frequency of purchases after a service recovery. Interacting with customers through messages is also an important action to manage their purchase intention following the problem's solution. Furthermore, companies must segment customers who have experienced a failure and direct them to specific benefits to reinforce their trust in the app. Then, after correcting the problem, they should pay them special attention by offering benefits, like discounts, coupons and free delivery, as a strategy to promote future purchases.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to investigate the impact of service recovery on brand love, BT and purchase intention in the context of food-delivery services. The authors extend the knowledge about consumers' responses in the case of a failure caused by consumers' loved brands and show how service recovery actions can establish BT and influence future purchases.
SRANet: semantic relation aware network for semantic segmentation of remote sensing images

Abstract. Remote sensing images contain complex feature information, and traditional convolutional networks cannot effectively model the contextual relationships. To address this problem, we propose a semantic segmentation network for remote sensing images based on semantic relationship aware. We construct the semantic relationship aware module to obtain the global semantic information of remote sensing images by self-attention. In addition, the separable space convergence pyramid module was constructed to effectively utilize the feature information in the high-level feature maps. By separable convolution with different dilation rates, the network can acquire multiscale semantic information. Our semantic relation aware network (SRANet) improves the overall accuracy by 0.33% over the benchmark network in the Vaihingen dataset and by 0.42% in the Potsdam dataset. The class activation maps show that the SRANet has ideal activation responses for targets at different scales in images. Furthermore, our SRANet can produce competitive segmentation performance compared with other state-of-the-art segmentation networks.
LA CORRELACIÓN MUTUA ENTRE EL CIBERESPACIO, LA POLÍTICA Y LO POLÍTICO: EL CASO DE LAS ELECCIONES PRESIDENCIALES MEXICANAS DE 2006,2012 Y 2018

Actualmente el ciberespacio y el internet están en prácticamente todo el mundo, aún en países de mediano y poco desarrollo, esta capacidad de penetración ha conducido y ha generado cambios sustanciales en las capacidades y ejercicio de poder por parte de actores estatales y no estatales, así como también dentro de la sociedad; sin embargo, el propio ciberespacio está condicionado por el ejercicio político de entidades políticas. Esta tensión se traduce en herramientas nuevas usadas en prácticas viejas o en prácticas nuevas impulsadas por el ciberespacio y adaptadas a un contexto e intereses en específicos. El caso de las elecciones federales en México a lo largo de tres periodos presidenciales da cuenta de la relación mencionada anteriormente, ya que muestra la simbiosis entre el ciberespacio y el sistema político y social, con todas sus limitantes técnicas, sus intereses detrás y una serie de pautas de ejercicio político propias de México, las cuales coinciden con la limitación de opciones que brinda el ciberespacio. A su vez, el desenlace en la última elección federal (2018), y la conclusión de este escrito, muestra la no correlación con la linealidad de un posible argumento que simplifique la relación ciberespacio-política a manera de “mayor capacidad e inversión en el ciberespacio = mejores resultados o mayor capacidad de determinación en los resultados”.
Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia in Type 2 Diabetes: Combination GLP-1 Agonist and SGLT-2 Inhibitor Therapy Offers Hope

Meet SP, a 65-year-old female with a 10-year history of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a BMI of 29 kg/m2, and near normal renal function (eGFR 65 mL/min/1.73 m2). SP takes a statin and an angiotensin II receptor blocker to manage her lipids and blood pressure. For the last 12 months, SP has been managing her diabetes with metformin 2000 mg daily and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Her current A1C is 9.0%. Due to concerns of hypoglycemia, SP elects to avoid insulin. Although it does not appear on her diagnosis list, SP is dealing with another, perhaps even more serious, condition—therapeutic inertia. Khunti et al (2019) defi ne therapeutic inertia as the failure to advance therapy or to deintensify therapy when appropriate to do so. Although it would be nice to think SP is in the minority, the truth is that many people with diabetes (PWD) do not achieve or maintain A1C goals because of therapeutic inertia. In fact, data from a retrospective cohort study of 11 525 PWD in the United States with Overcoming Therapeutic Inertia in Type 2 Diabetes Combination GLP-1 Agonist and SGLT2 Inhibitor Therapy Off ers Hope
Sustainable authenticity in a World Heritage Site: The Maritime Greenwich example

The research is based on the Maritime Greenwich World Heritage Site (MGWHS) UK. UNESCO recognises a place as the World Heritage Site that presents 'Outstanding Universal Value'. This site is identified as a relevant case and suitable for necessary data collection by using face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and personal observation. The objective of this study is to understand the requisite of technology application for modernisation in the WHS perspective that has authenticity and historical significance. Results outline that, authenticity and technology application can stay parallel to each other; these two aspects are fundamental to a WHS, when tourism is concerned. Thus, the research suggests that are very little scopes exist to ignore significance of both authenticity and technology adoption for modernisation. Also, due to set guidelines of the UNESCO WHS, an amiable standpoint of all these aspects is a possibility.