Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Effect of Ipsilesional High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Following Local Botulinum Toxin Injection in Post-Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity

Background: One of the most prominently apparent stroke consequences is spasticity. By preventing acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction, intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin can reduce post-stroke stiffness. Additionally, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a type of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), is well recognised to impact neuroplastic changes and control the healing of injured brain areas. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the combined effect of local botulinum toxin injection and ipsilesional high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) on spastic UL in post-stroke patients, and if this effect could add together to the other treatment modalities available to these patients. Patients and Methods: 45 patients with post-stroke spastic upper limb (UL) were injected with botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A), then randomly designated to treatment with 20 Hz rTMS (Real rTMS group), N= 22 and SHAM rTMS group, N=23, applied over the ipsilesional cortex over 4 weeks. Spasticity was assessed with Modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the motor function of the affected upper limb was evaluated serially by Wolf Motor Function Tests (WMFT) and motor power was assessed by Medical Research Council (MRC) just before administration, 1.5 months and 3 months after administration of BoNT-A. Results: The real rTMS group showed significant improvement of spastic muscles as evident by reduction of their MAS score with significant improvement of motor function and motor power as shown by WMFT and MRC. Conclusion: These findings suggested that, the application of HF-rTMS over the ipsilesional cortex following local BoNT-A injection contributes in reduction of spasticity and improves motor power and function in post-stroke patients.
Chemistry Teacher’s Perception About Higher Order Thinking Skills Assessment

Higher order thinking skills are an assessment that must be integrated into 2013 Curriculum learning process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemistry teacher’s perception about higher order thinking skills assessment. Descriptive qualitative was used in this study. This study implicated 10 chemistry teacher from 10 senior high school in West Kalimantan. Data on chemistry teacher’s perception about higher-order thinking skills assessment were obtained from questionnaire consist of 10 questions. The results showed that most of the chemistry teachers in West Kalimantan already know and implement higher order thinking skills assessment in learning, like final exam and daily test. The HOTS assessment has been implemented by most teachers, but the implementation was not optimal even though in terms of knowledge all teachers already know about the HOTS assessment.
Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem, a potential herb in treatment and complication recover therapy for stroke disease: A mini opinion and call for further research

Based on our knowledge, experience and field survey in the treatment of stroke by complementary/alternative medicine and especially the herb therapy, we briefly commented on properties of curing ischemic stroke of Aralia armata (Wall.) Seem and suggest that the future research to insightfully educidate this science opinion is necessary. Keywords: Aralia armata (Wall.), stroke disease, ischemic stroke
Patterns of Acute Kidney Injury in Banha Teaching Hospital

Background : Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and preventable condition that affects 21% of adults and 33% of children globally, with higher mortality rates among the elderly and those with multiple comorbidities in developed countries. The lack of data on AKI in Africa may be due to limited access to renal replacement medication, and identifying high-risk individuals is crucial to avoiding the development of chronic kidney disease. Aim : The study aimed to evaluate patterns of AKI in Banha Teaching Hospital. Patients and Methods: The study collected data on patients aged 18 and older with AKI, including epidemiological, anamnestic, clinical, biological, imaging, treatment, and outcome data. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO classification and classified according to the mechanism of occurrence. Total and partial recovery was defined based on the evolution of renal function. Results : The study found that diabetes, coma, high creatinine levels, and sepsis were positively correlated with death occurrence. Gender, blood pressure, heart disease, and certain types of AKI did not show significant correlation with death occurrence. Conclusion : AKI is frequent among the population and often fatal, but can potentially be prevented by expanding extracellular volume to improve renal blood flow and decrease exposure to nephrotoxic agents.
ANALYSIS BY USING A SIMPLE MATHEMATICAL MODELING ON DENGUE IN ODISHA

Dengue fever is a mosquito - borne viral disease. Warmer weather and rain bring excellent breeding ground for mosquitoes. Dengue is mainly spread by Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes. Early and accurate diagnosis is critical to reduce although dengue fever is usually self - limiting. Dengue infection has come up as a public health challenge in tropical nations. In Odisha, transmission of dengue disease has increased very rapidly, but it is still endemic in nature there. In this paper we described SIR model with the help of which we simulate and compare it with the given data. Since, dengue is a vector - borne disease, so SIR model is an approximation.
The Role of Gabapentin as Multimodal for Postoperative Pain Control in a Patient Undergoing Elective Abdominal Surgeries

Gabapentin is widely used to manage chronic pain and has been shown to reduce postoperative opioid consumption. This study's objective was to assess the analgesic impact of gabapentinoids administered to adult patients before surgery. Research included randomization and control looking at the utilization of gabapentinoids in adult abdominal surgery 50 adult patients who were scheduled for voluntary abdominal surgery were randomly split into two equal groups. One hour prior to surgery, Group, I was given an oral placebo surgery, and Group II received oral gabapentin 600 mg. PONV prevalence, VAS, and the requirement for rescue analgesia were reported. There was a significant decrease in analgesia requirements. And a lower post-operative pain score in group II. The risk of nausea and vomiting following surgery was similarly decreased in group II. Gabapentin is effective as a Multimodal for postoperative pain control and VAS reduction of 24 hours.
Organic production and consumption in Norway - new knowledge through research and dissemination

The Norwegian government has since 2006 had a goal of 15 % organic food production and consumption, initially by 2015 and later adjusted to 2020. The goal has primarily been justified by consumer demands, and to some extent by environmental benefits. Organic farming is said to be a “spear point” in the development of a more environmental friendly and sustainable agriculture in Norway, but the government’s policy lacks thorough political support and the goal is far from achieved. In 2012, certified land and land area under conversion to organic farming comprised 5.6 % of the agricultural area (Debio 2013). The turnover of organic products was more than 1.1 billion NOK in 2012; an increase of 11 % from 2011 (NAA 2012). In 2009, organic food represented 1.3 % of total food turnover in Norway (Willer and Kilcher 2011). The share of grassland in organic managed land comprised 77 % in 2012 (Debio 2013). Strong efforts are needed to reach the official goal in 2020 and to diversify the organic production. The Action Plan for Organic Farming (MAF 2009) points out actions to reach the governmental goal, including research and dissemination of knowledge.
Cycling in the Crescent City: An exploration of the spatial variation in bicycle commuting in New Orleans

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Influences of browsing and fire on sagebrush taxa of the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range

Abstract: Sagebrush (Artemisia L.)/grass habitat types on the Northern Yellowstone Winter Range near Gardiner, Montana provide critical winter habitat for many big game species, particularly mule deer (Odocoileus hemonius ssp. hemonius) and elk (Cervus elaphus ssp. nelsoni). Because 4 sagebrush taxa are common throughout the area, often occurring in the same communities, this area also provides a unique opportunity to study relationships among these taxa.
The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi

The emergence of increasingly antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) threatens to undermine effective treatment and control. Here, aiming to investigate the temporal and geographic patterns of emergence and spread of AMR S. Typhi, we sequenced 3,489 S. Typhi isolated from prospective surveillance in South Asia and combined these with a global collection of 4,169 S. Typhi genomes. Our analysis revealed that independent acquisition of plasmids and homoplastic mutations conferring AMR have occurred repeatedly in multiple lineages of S. Typhi, predominantly arising in South Asia. We found evidence of frequent international and intercontinental transfers of AMR S. Typhi, followed by rapid expansion and replacement of antimicrobial-susceptible clades.
Indexed Sovereign Debt: a Survey and a Framework of Analysis

A small number of countries have issued real indexed sovereign debt in recent year. This type of contracts could improve risk sharing between debtor countries and international creditors and diminish the probability of occurrence of debt crises. However, it is not clear the magnitude of these effects in terms of welfare. Furthermore, it has not been analyzed whether the design of the existing contracts was optimal. This paper addresses these issues. We characterize the optimal features of indexed debt contracts in a dynamic stochastic equilibrium framework with incomplete markets and compare them to existing ones. Finally, we obtain a quantitative approximation of the welfare effects of indexation. We find that the optimal contract improves welfare and features payments increasing in the state of the economy. Existing real indexed contracts usually entail payments increasing in the state of the economy. However, they also feature threshold levels of the chosen real variable that trigger payments. We argue that the latter are usually suboptimal. Calibrating our model to Argentina’s economy we find that the welfare gains from introducing indexed debt are equivalent to an increase of between 0.6% and 2%.
A Summary of “IFRS Convergence: The Role of Stochastic Mortality Models in the Disclosure of Longevity Risk for Deﬁned Beneﬁt Plans”

Traditional pension mathematics assumes that mortality rates are fixed at a valuation date. If mortality rates reduce after a valuation date, the liabilities of defined benefit plans (DB plans) increase, leading to deficits, which are then recognized in arrears (the next valuation date). Such deficits are somewhat unpredictable, because the evolution of mortality rates is a random process. This problem, which is often called longevity risk, makes the maintenance of DB plans difficult. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the threat of longevity risk to DB plans. In particular, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has plans to tackle the arduous problem of how to disclose longevity risk on financial statements.
Supplementary Material for QueryPose: Sparse Multi-Person Pose Regression via Spatial-Aware Part-Level Query

In this supplementary material, we first present more results in Appendix A, including 1) more clear and intuitive visualizations of local attention map; 2) qualitative results on MS COCO [1] mini-val set; 3) qualitative results on CrowdPose [2] test set. Then, we give a broader discussion about our method in Appendix B
Wave attenuation by vegetation

Measurements have been carried out at the Paulinaschor, a salt marsh in the Westerschelde, to obtain information of the effect of vegetation on wave attenuation. The data have been analyzed. It appears that wave height is strongly reduced by the vegetation, especially for low water depths. Further analysis of the data has been done, to achieve wave energy dissipation. An attempt has been made to formulate a theoretical approach, which is suitable for calculating wave energy dissipation due to vegetation on the basis of certain vegetation characteristics such as stem diameter, plant height and plant density. This theory has been tested by a comparison between the theoretical dissipations and the  so called  observed dissipations. This resulted in quite satisfying correlations; correlation coefficients of about 0.6  0.8 were calculated. By means of this analysis is a friction coefficient determined, describing the friction exerted by the vegetation. This coefficient depends on the various vegetation characteristics as mentioned before, but also at a second friction factor, that is more plant specific. Subsequently, the wave model SWAN has been suited for modelling waves over vegetation areas. The Collins friction factor is used for calibration. Values for this factor turned out to be 2 orders of magnitude bigger than the default value, for bare bottoms. A further study on this Collins coefficient showed that this coefficient is, except for a constant factor, the same as the friction coefficient that was calculated on the basis of the various characteristics. Using these calculated friction coefficients, converted to Collins coefficients, the SWAN model has been validated. The model results showed a good agreement with reality. Only the wave attenuation at the edge of the salt marsh did not correspond very well with the observed attenuation. A possible explanation could be that vegetation is modelled in SWAN through an enlarged bottom friction, in stead of 3D obstacles. Also due to the fact that the development of the orbital velocity in the vegetation is not known exactly, deviances between model outcome and observed attenuation may occur.
Dear Students:

Since a culture is more than just a collection of individuals, we must strive to preserve those aspects that manifest its core vitality. Preservation of culture requires the retention of customs and beliefs critical to the identity of the whole. As members of a minority culture within the USA how do we develop personal identities that enhance the collective image of Black America, at a time when media stereotypes paint a narrow and negative portrait.
Sovereign Debt, Government Myopia, and the Financial Sector

What determines the sustainability of sovereign debt? In this paper, we develop a model where myopic governments seek electoral popularity but can nevertheless commit credibly to service external debt. They do not default when they are poor because they would lose access to debt markets and be forced to reduce spending; they do not default when they become rich because of the adverse consequences to the domestic financial sector. Interestingly, the more myopic a government, the greater the advantage it sees in borrowing, and therefore the less likely it will be to default (in contrast to models where sovereigns repay because they are concerned about their long term reputation). More myopic governments are also likely to tax in a more distortionary way, and create more dependencies between the domestic financial sector and government debt that raise the costs of default. We use the model to explain recent experiences in sovereign debt markets.
De la contribution de la visco-élasto-plasticité au comportement en fatigue de composites à matrice thermoplastique et thermodurcissable

La presente etude vise a comprendre l'influence du comportement visco-elasto-plastique d'une matrice TP (PPS) et TD (Epoxy) sur le comportement en fatigue a haute temperature de composite tisses a fibres de carbone. Une analyse fractographique a permis de reveler le role determinant des zones riches en matrice au niveau des plis a ±45° dans la chronologie d'endommagement et sur le comportement en fatigue de stratifies a plis croises et quasi-isotropes. Afin d'evaluer la contribution de la viscoelasticite et de la viscoplasticite de la matriceTP au comportement thermomecanique des stratifies C/TP a T>Tg, un modele viscoelastique de Norton generalise ont ete implementes dans le code Elements Finis Cast3m. Une technique de correlation d’images numeriques (CIN) a ete mise œuvre pour tester la capacite du modele a predire la reponse du stratifie dans le cas de structures a forts gradients de contraintes.
Attention and Dread: Experimental Evidence on Preferences for Information

Recent models assume that the anticipation of future consumption can have direct utility consequences. This gives rise to preferences over the timing and structure of information. Using a novel and purposefully simple setup, we study the determinants of preferences for sooner versus later information. Our main results are as follows. We find that the majority of subjects prefer receiving information sooner. This preference, however, is not uniform but depends on the context. When the environment allows subjects to not focus attention on (negative) consumption events, later information becomes more attractive. Finally, variations in prior beliefs do not seem to have strong effects on information preferences. This paper was accepted by Marie Claire Villeval, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Germany’s Excellence Strategy EXC 2126/1 Grant 390838866 and Grant CRC TR 224 Project A01]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023. 4975
Improving Nurse Awareness and Knowledge of Utilizing Effective Alternative Communication Methods with Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative

Local Problem: Each day, almost half of patients in the hospital’s Intensive Care Unit (ICU) require mechanical ventilation through an endotracheal tube. This intervention is often essential for patient’s survival; however, it greatly obstructs the ability to communicate. The unit nurses’ report trialing pen and paper or whiteboards, but often find patients lack the motor control and strength to produce legible written script. The unit nurses also report relying on eye and hand gestures for communication, which are often found to be ineffective. Background: With the current evidence and changing practice in the ICU of using less sedation and increasing a patient’s level of alertness while intubated, utilizing alternative communication methods are essential for providing effective patient care. The global aim for this quality improvement project was to improve nurse understanding on the importance of communication, and to improve the use of alternative communication methods. Specifically, the aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to increase nurse awareness and nurse knowledge of using alternative communication methods with mechanically ventilated patients by 30% in two months. Methods: Utilizing the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) framework, this quality improvement project performed a 5P’s assessment, evaluated the baseline communication methods used by the ICU nurses, and gathered nurse feedback to assess baseline knowledge and perception of their communication with mechanically ventilated patients. A preand post-education survey was created using a Likert scale and contained five ordinal variables for each Likert item (statement) ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The surveys were delivered via work email using the Qualtrics Survey PlatformTM to assess nurse awareness and nurse knowledge of using alternative communication methods with mechanically ventilated patients.
Critical Pedagogy Through Stories

As classrooms in India become more diverse, it is becoming imperative for teachers to not just know their subject matter, but also be able to make sense of the lived realities of children. Teachers need to know their students well and hence must challenge conventional ideas of teaching, literacy and assessment in their classrooms. For literacy and education to go beyond just learning a set of skills, children need to connect reading and writing to their understanding of the world around them. Grappling with ideas of equity, justice and fairness enables students to realize the transformative potential of education. When classrooms move away from mechanistic and skill-based learning, young children respond with intelligence, imagination and sensitivity towards the world around them. In this article, I will look at how literature-based classrooms can enable children in the primary classes to negotiate meaning and connect texts with their reading of the world.
Sustainable Animal Agriculture

Contributors Acknowledgments Preface 1. Sustainability: A Wicked Problem 2. Production Efficiency of Ruminants: Feed, Nitrogen and Methane 3. Production Efficiency of Monogastric Animals 4. Animal Welfare: An Integral Component of Sustainability 5. Genetics and Sustainable Animal Agriculture 6. Minimizing Environmental Impacts of Livestock Production Using Diet Optimization Models 7. Sustainable Manure Management 8. Water-related issues in sustainability: Nitrogen and phosphorus management 9. Air quality issues in sustainability: Greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds 10. Integration of Air and Water Quality Issues 11. The Environmental Sustainability of Food Production 12. Economic Sustainability in Animal Agriculture 13. Achieving Social Sustainability in Animal Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities to Reconcile Multiple Sustainability Goals 14. Life-cycle Assessment in Ruminant Production 15. Quantitative Measurements of Ammonia and Methane Loss from Livestock 16. Manipulation of Microbial Ecology for Sustainable Animal Production 17. Emerging contaminants in livestock manure: Hormones, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes 18. Animal Agriculture: How Can It Be Sustainable in the Future?
Carbon isotopic record of the Latest Proterozoic from Oman

The carbon isotopic ratios of marine carbonate rocks from the latest Precambrian to possibly earliest Cambrian were studied to evaluate possible changes in organic carbon burial and hence in the carbon cycle associated with the evolution of higher life forms. Samples were taken from carbonate units within the Huqf Group of Oman, which was deposited during the interval from approximately 560 to 540 Ma. The data show an initial period of positive δ 13 C values, around + 4‰ PDB, followed by a sharp decrease, over a few meters of section, of about 8‰ in carbon isotopic values, to inferred oceanic carbon values of appoximately − 4‰ PDB. The δ 13 C values then more slowly increase to between 0 and + 2‰. This isotopic pattern may be correlated across Oman over a distance of 800 km