Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation strategies for concurrent flux weakening and torque control of the PM synchronous motor

Two implementation strategies for the concurrent control of the mutual flux linkage and torque of a PM synchronous motor is discussed. A vector control system is utilized to provide independent control over the stator current and its angle. The main objective is to maintain a 1 p.u. stator voltage at higher than 1 p.u. speeds by accurately weakening the mutual flux linkage. The maximum permissible torque command for such a system is derived analytically and is shown to be a function of the commanded mutual flux linkage and machine parameters. The first strategy is based on two lookup tables that provide the stator current magnitude and its respective angle for every viable mutual flux linkage and torque command pair. The second method is based on replacing the lookup tables with two-dimensional polynomials derived using the least squares fit algorithm. The two methods are compared in terms of implementation complexity and accuracy. It is shown, through system analysis and dynamic simulation, that the table lookup approach provides a high degree of accuracy in terms of meeting the main objective of maintaining a 1 p.u. voltage requirement at high speeds. At the same time the desired torque is also enforced on the motor. Utilizing and implementing the tables require the presence of storage devices on board, while the two-dimensional polynomial approach does not have any auxiliary storage requirement. The tradeoff comes in terms of lower performance for the polynomial approach. The effect of parameter variations on the system performance is briefly discussed.
Fibre Bragg grating acoustic emissions and transmission sensor in carbon fibre composites

Acoustic sensors are used in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for the detection of impacts and strain. However, secondary damage may result from the initial damage. This secondary damage, such as delamination or cracking, may not be detectable by the SHM system. This is a significant problem for passive sensing systems, such as those based on fibre optics, where signals cannot be actively generated to interrogate the structure. The integration of NDE by robotic agents into a SHM sensor network enables the detection and monitoring of a wider variety of damage. Communicating via acoustic transmissions represents a wireless communication method for robotic agents to communicate to the SHM system without the addition of extra hardware, as piezoelectric transducers are commonly used in NDE. The effect of Carbon Fibre Composites (CFC) on the ability to use acoustic transmission needs to be determined. We present results for the detection of Acoustic Emissions and Transmissions (AET) in a CFC laminate. The optical fibre AET detector was a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG). Two FBG AET sensors were compared, one coupled to the surface of the carbon fibre sheet, and one embedded within the lay-up. Results compare the transfer function, frequency response, and transient response of the sensors. The embedded FBG receiver was also used to detect an actively generated acoustic transmission. A piezoelectric receiver was also used for comparison. The embedded FBG was found to give significantly better performance in all of the parameters considered for the surface coupled FBG.
Inflation Perceptions and Expectations and Firms’ Wage Determination: Evidence from Chinese listed manufacturing companies

This article investigates the extent to which inflation perceptions and expectations affect firms’ wage determination. We adopt dummy variables data to quantify the firm inflation perceptions of China's listed manufacturing companies from corporate annual reports. The results reveal that inflation perceptions have a growth effect on firms’ wage determination, not vice versa. The wages of firms whose inflation perceptions have risen are approximately 6% higher than are those inflation perceptions have remained approximately the same. The firms whose inflation perceptions have fallen show no causal relationship between inflation perceptions and wage. Short-term inflation expectations will reduce wages. For every 1% increase in inflation expectations, the wages paid by firms will fall by approximately 3.5 percentage points. Corporate profits have little effect on wage change and are negatively related.
Trust should correspond to Trustworthiness: a Formalization of Appropriate Mutual Trust in Human-Agent Teams

In human-agent teams, how one teammate trusts another teammate should correspond to the latter’s actual trustworthiness, creating what we would call appropriate mutual trust. Although this sounds obvious, the notion of appropriate mutual trust for human-agent teamwork lacks a formal deﬁnition. In this article, we propose a formalization which represents trust as a belief about trustworthiness. Then, we address mutual trust, and pose that agents can use beliefs about trustworthiness to represent how they trust their human teammates, as well as to reason about how their human teammates trust them. This gives us a formalization with nested beliefs about beliefs of trustworthiness. Next, we highlight that mutual trust should also be appropriate, where we deﬁne appropriate trust in an agent as the trust which corresponds directly to that agent’s trustworthiness. Finally, we explore how agents can deﬁne their own trustworthiness, using the concepts of ability, benevolence and integrity. This formalization of appropriate mutual trust can form the base for developing agents which can promote such trust.
Etiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A State-of-the-Art Review

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic inflammatory rheumatic disease. It is associated with significant burden at the patient and societal level. Extensive efforts have been devoted to identifying a potential cause for the development of RA. Epidemiological studies have thoroughly investigated the association of several factors with the risk and course of RA. Although a precise etiology remains elusive, the current understanding is that RA is a multifactorial disease, wherein complex interactions between host and environmental factors determine the overall risk of disease susceptibility, persistence and severity. Risk factors related to the host that have been associated with RA development may be divided into genetic; epigenetic; hormonal, reproductive and neuroendocrine; and comorbid host factors. In turn, environmental risk factors include smoking and other airborne exposures; microbiota and infectious agents; diet; and socioeconomic factors. In the present narrative review, aimed at clinicians and researchers in the field of RA, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the current knowledge on this topic, focusing on recent progresses that have improved our comprehension of disease risk and development.
A Literature Review of Performance Metrics of Automated Driving Systems for On-Road Vehicles

The article presents a review of recent literature on the performance metrics of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). More specifically, performance indicators of environment perception and motion planning modules are reviewed as they are the most complicated ADS modules. The need for the incorporation of the level of threat an obstacle poses in the performance metrics is described. A methodology to quantify the level of threat of an obstacle is presented in this regard. The approach involves simultaneously considering multiple stimulus parameters (that elicit responses from drivers), thereby not ignoring multivariate interactions. Human-likeness of ADS is a desirable characteristic as ADS share road infrastructure with humans. The described method can be used to develop human-like perception and motion planning modules of ADS. In this regard, performance metrics capable of quantifying human-likeness of ADS are also presented. A comparison of different performance metrics is then summarized. ADS operators have an obligation to report any incident (crash/disengagement) to safety regulating authorities. However, precrash events/states are not being reported. The need for the collection of the precrash scenario is described. A desirable modification to the data reporting/collecting is suggested as a framework. The framework describes the precrash sequences to be reported along with the possible ways of utilizing such a valuable dataset (by the safety regulating authorities) to comprehensively assess (and consequently improve) the safety of ADS. The framework proposes to collect and maintain a repository of precrash sequences. Such a repository can be used to 1) comprehensively learn and model the precrash scenarios, 2) learn the characteristics of precrash scenarios and eventually anticipate them, 3) assess the appropriateness of the different performance metrics in precrash scenarios, 4) synthesize a diverse dataset of precrash scenarios, 5) identify the ideal configuration of sensors and algorithms to enhance safety, and 6) monitor the performance of perception and motion planning modules.
A process for curriculum change in engineering education

This paper identifies a process, developed in recent research, to provide curriculum leaders and policy-makers with a practical and flexible approach for designing and implementing curriculum. It is a changed way for bringing about change. Founded on sound principles of curriculum theorizing, it refines existing curriculum theory in higher education contexts and contributes to the ever-growing body of understanding on curriculum decision-making. A thorough investigation of the engineering education context, including the analysis of an engineering case study, was carried out to identify issues that impinge on curriculum decision-making, including the consideration of professional engineering needs, the social and economic pressures, institutional parameters and student factors. As no such systematic process currently existed for this context, the investigation also considered the curriculum and pedagogical theories that underpin the strategic and operational nature of bringing about curriculum change. The process represents a significant breakthrough in higher education faculties. It directs policy-makers to consider parameters in addition to those traditionally addressed. It recommends a holistic view of curriculum and suggests that there are explicit ramifications for the policies in faculties that govern how curriculum change takes place.
Human Retinal Progenitor Cells Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Delay Retinal Degeneration: A Paradigm for Cell-free Therapy

Retinal degeneration is a leading cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness worldwide. Previous studies indicate that subretinal injection of human retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs) can delay the progression of retinal degeneration, preserve retinal function, and protect photoreceptor cells from death, albeit the mechanism is not well understood. In this study, small extracellular vesicles derived from hRPCs (hRPC-sEVs) were injected into the subretinal space of retinal dystrophic RCS rats. We find that hRPC-sEVs significantly preserve the function of retina and thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL), reduce the apoptosis of photoreceptors in the ONL, and suppress the inflammatory response in the retina of RCS rats. In vitro, we have shown that hRPC-sEV treatment could significantly reserve the low-glucose preconditioned apoptosis of photoreceptors and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglia. Pathway analysis predicted the target genes of hRPC-sEV microRNAs involved in inflammation related biological processes and significantly enriched in processes autophagy, signal release, regulation of neuron death, and cell cycle. Collectively, our study suggests that hRPC-sEVs might be a favorable agent to delay retinal degeneration and highlights as a new paradigm for cell-free therapy.
Expressing Personality Through Non-verbal Behaviour in Real-Time Interaction

The attribution of traits plays an important role as a heuristic for how we interact with others. Many psychological models of personality are analytical in that they derive a classification from reported or hypothesised behaviour. In the work presented here, we follow the opposite approach: Our personality model generates behaviour that leads an observer to attribute personality characteristics to the actor. Concretely, the model controls all relevant aspects of non-verbal behaviour such as gaze, facial expression, gesture, and posture. The model, embodied in a virtual human, affords to realistically interact with participants in real-time. Conceptually, our model focuses on the two dimensions of extra/introversion and stability/neuroticism. In the model, personality parameters influence both, the internal affective state as well as the characteristic of the behaviour execution. Importantly, the parameters of the model are based on empirical findings in the behavioural sciences. To evaluate our model, we conducted two types of studies. Firstly, passive experiments where participants rated videos showing variants of behaviour driven by different personality parameter configurations. Secondly, presential experiments where participants interacted with the virtual human, playing rounds of the Rock-Paper-Scissors game. Our results show that the model is effective in conveying the impression of the personality of a virtual character to users. Embodying the model in an artificial social agent capable of real-time interactive behaviour is the only way to move from an analytical to a generative approach to understanding personality, and we believe that this methodology raises a host of novel research questions in the field of personality theory.
Reinforcing Collaboration and Harmonization to Unlock the Potentials of Advanced Therapy Medical Products: Future Efforts Are Awaited From Manufacturers and Decision-Makers

Some advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) hold great promises for life-threatening diseases with high unmet needs. However, ATMPs are also associated with significant challenges in market access, which necessitates the joint efforts between all relevant stakeholders to navigate. In this review, we will elaborate on the importance of collaborations and harmonization across different stakeholders, to expedite the market access of promising ATMPs. Manufacturers of ATMPs should proactively establish collaborations with other stakeholders throughout the whole lifecycle of ATMPs, from early research to post-market activities. This covered engagements with (1) external developers (i.e., not-for-profit organizations and commercial players) to obtain complementary knowledge, technology, or infrastructures, (2) patient groups and healthcare providers to highlight their roles as active contributors, and (3) decision-makers, such as regulators, health technology assessment (HTA) agencies, and payers, to communicate the uncertainties in evidence package, where parallel consultation will be a powerful strategy. Harmonization between decision-makers is desired at (1) regulatory level, in terms of strengthening the international standardization of regulatory framework to minimize discrepancies in evidence requirements for market authorization, and (2) HTA level, in terms of enhancing alignments between regional and national HTA agencies to narrow inequity in patient access, and cross-border HTA cooperation to improve the quality and efficiency of HTA process. In conclusion, manufacturers and decision-makers shared the common goals to safeguard timely patient access to ATMPs. Collaboration and harmonization will be increasingly leveraged to enable the value delivery of ATMPs to all stakeholders.
Investigating the Outcomes of an Asthma Educational Program and Useful Influence in Public Policy

The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an asthma educational program for asthma control, asthma self-management, asthma knowledge, and patient activation. The study analyzes different demographic variables with the purpose of investigating which asthma patients performed better than others. Based on these demographic characteristics, the study provides several recommendations for various stakeholders. The study is based on a positivist approach since its purpose is to investigate the consequences of an asthma educational program with a view to generalizing the results to a larger population. The study targets public and private hospitals which have applied the asthma educational program in collaboration with the Saudi Initiative for Asthma (SINA). Multiple questionnaires were deployed 263 valid responses were received from patients of public and private hospitals using online and offline data collection method. Several parametric and non-parametric tests were carried out in terms of data analysis. The results reveal that patients in the intervention group obtained high scores and were therefore more knowledgeable and able to control their asthma compared to the control group. Overall, patients in the intervention group performed better in terms of asthma control, asthma self-management and knowledge and awareness. There was a high level of patient activation in this group. In the context of demographic features, it was found that patients who are married and are undergraduate degree holders in employment scored high compared to patients who were young, single, post-graduate degree holders that were mainly self-employed. The results of this study can guide policy makers, SINA authorities, and hospitals as to which demographic category of asthma patients require immediate attention. The significance of asthma educational programmes has increased especially through social media platforms as the number of adult patients continues to increase day by day.
Sensitive LC-MS/MS Methods for Amphotericin B Analysis in Cerebrospinal Fluid, Plasma, Plasma Ultrafiltrate, and Urine: Application to Clinical Pharmacokinetics

Neurocryptococcosis, a meningoencephalitis caused by Cryptococcus spp, is treated with amphotericin B (AmB) combined with fluconazole. The integrity of the brain-blood barrier and the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may change due to infectious and/or inflammatory diseases such as neurocryptococcosis allowing for the penetration of AmB into the central nervous system. The present study aimed to develop LC-MS/MS methods capable of quantifying AmB in CSF at any given time of the treatment in addition to plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, with sensitivity compatible with the low concentrations of AmB reported in the CSF. The methods were successfully validated in the four matrices (25 μl, 5–1,000 ng ml−1 for plasma or urine; 100 μl, 0.625–250 ng ml−1 for plasma ultrafiltrate; 100 μl, 0.1–250 ng ml−1 for CSF) using protein precipitation. The methods were applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of AmB following infusions of 100 mg every 24 h for 16 days administered as a lipid complex throughout the treatment of a neurocryptococcosis male patient. The methods allowed for a detailed description of the pharmacokinetic parameters in the assessed patient in the beginning (4th day) and end of the treatment with AmB (16th day), with total clearances of 7.21 and 4.25 L h−1, hepatic clearances of 7.15 and 4.22 L h−1, volumes of distribution of 302.94 and 206.89 L, and unbound fractions in plasma ranging from 2.26 to 3.25%. AmB was quantified in two CSF samples collected throughout the treatment with concentrations of 12.26 and 18.45 ng ml−1 on the 8th and 15th days of the treatment, respectively. The total concentration of AmB in plasma was 31 and 20 times higher than in CSF. The unbound concentration in plasma accounted for 77 and 44% of the respective concentrations in CSF. In conclusion, the present study described the most complete and sensitive method for AmB analysis in plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, urine, and CSF applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study following the administration of the drug as a lipid complex in one patient with neurocryptococcosis. The method can be applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of AmB in CSF at any given time of the treatment.
A ug 2 01 3 Negative mass

Some physical aspects of negative mass are examined. Several unusual properties, such as the ability of negative mass to penetrate any armor, are analyzed. Other surprising effects include the bizarre system of negative mass chasing positive pass, naked singularities and the violation of cosmic censorship, wormholes, and quantum mechanical results as well. In addition, a brief look into the implications for strings is given.
IDENTIFYING THE MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE LEARNERS’ INTENTION TO CONTINUE TO USE ARABIC MOOCS

- Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide open educational resources to people around the world. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that influence learners’ decisions to continue to use an Arabic MOOC named Rwaqplatform. This platform offers open and free courses completely in the Arabic language. Based on a literature review, the present research extends the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in a new context. Exploratory research has been undertaken by conducting interviews with twenty-two experts in the Rwaq platform. The main objective of the interviews isto explore participants’ perspectives on a set of factors that affect the continuance intention towards using Arabic MOOCs. This includes perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, Arabic language support, free courses’ advantages, perceived reputation, intrinsic motivations and willingness to earn acertificate. Thematic analysis was utilized using NVivo11.0. Analysis of interviews data shows that approximately all the participants agreed on the proposed factors that affect the continuance intention to use Arabic MOOCs. Furthermore, additional influential factorswere suggested by the interviewees. On the basis of the findings from interviews and previous studies, new research instrument has been designed. Future research will be conducted to verify the proposed model and research hypotheses.
Recent Advances in Developmental Hematopoiesis: Diving Deeper With New Technologies

The journey of a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) involves the passage through successive anatomical sites where HSCs are in direct contact with their surrounding microenvironment, also known as niche. These spatial and temporal cellular interactions throughout development are required for the acquisition of stem cell properties, and for maintaining the HSC pool through balancing self-renewal, quiescence and lineage commitment. Understanding the context and consequences of these interactions will be imperative for our understanding of HSC biology and will lead to the improvement of in vitro production of HSCs for clinical purposes. The aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region is in this light of particular interest since this is the cradle of HSC emergence during the embryonic development of all vertebrate species. In this review, we will focus on the developmental origin of HSCs and will discuss the novel technological approaches and recent progress made to identify the cellular composition of the HSC supportive niche and the underlying molecular events occurring in the AGM region.
RF Shimming improves Phase-based Conductivity Imaging

In the framework of Electric Properties Tomography (EPT), approximate conductivity imaging is possible by analyzing the B1 phase, assuming constant B1 amplitude. The more this assumption is violated, the less accurate the reconstructed conductivity. This study optimizesthe B1 amplitude via parallel RF transmission with respect to the error expected for phased-based conductivity imaging. It turns out that an optimal B1 amplitude homogeneity, as obtained with RF shimming, is also beneficial for phase-based EPT.