Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Baby led weaning: an integrative review of scientific evidence from 2011 to 2019

Introduction: Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an alternative approach to introducing food to infants that has become popular. Objective: To investigate the scientific evidence regarding the BLW method and its modified version, Baby-Led Introduction to Solids (BLISS). Methods: The research was carried out between June 2018 and June 2019, through the databases US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following keywords: ‘BLW’, ‘Baby-led weaning’, ‘BLISS’, and ‘Baby-Led Introduction to Solids’. All original articles from in English published between 2011 and 2019 have been included. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in the analysis. Research on BLW/BLISS focused mainly on the themes: characteristics, behaviors and attitudes of mothers and children, knowledge of mothers and health professionals about feeding methods, weight and body mass index evaluation of children, evaluation of energetic and nutrient intake of children and evaluation of episodes of choking and gag reflex. Conclusion: Most research deals with BLW-related experiences and there is still little evidence on the method in terms of adequacy of energy and nutrient intake and growth in childhood. Positive points to child can be observed such as prolonged breastfeeding, greater independence when feeding and better response to satiety. The methods of food introduction do not differ in relation to the occurrence of episodes of choking. and attitudes of babies; knowledge of mothers and health professionals; assessment of weight and body mass index; assessment of energy and nutrient intake; and evaluation of choking and gag reflex.
Regulatory mechanisms for natriuretic peptide signalling in sheep granulosa cells

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) have been reported to have critical roles in follicular development and oocyte maturation in rodents. This study aimed to extend our current understanding of NP-mediated signalling pathways and mechanisms of action in the follicles of a monovulatory species. Ovine granulosa cells (GCs) and theca cells (TCs) were cultured under conditions designed to allow gonadotrophin-stimulated cell differentiation. Gene expression analysis was performed by qualitative (q)PCR for NP s and NPR s (between 16 and 96 h of culture) and VEGF 120 and VEGF 164 (between 16 and 144 h of culture). A qualitative analysis of the production of NP/NPR family members and NP ligand/receptor associations was carried out utilising a highly sensitive immunological approach known as ‘proximity ligation assay’ (PLA). All NPRs were observed in GCs, while NPRA was absent in TCs. In GCs, gene expression of NPRA, NPRB and NPRC was apparent but only active BNP and CNP and not ANP, were detected. Also in GCs, ANP but not CNP was able to significantly ( P < 0.05) reduce oestradiol and increase ( P < 0.05) progesterone. Inhibition of VEGF 164 by ANP and CNP ( P < 0.01) after 48 h of culture preceded up-regulation of VEGF 120 by ANP ( P < 0.01) after 144 h, but not CNP. Taken together, these findings appear to demonstrate that NP responsiveness in the GC compartment of sheep follicles is multi-facilitated, utilising both autocrine and paracrine stimulation pathways.
Inhibitory activity of several extract of Piper betle Leaf against Staphylococcus aureus

A high number of infections from year to year require infectious diseases to get serious attention. The antimicrobial compound exploration must be continued to anticipate the development of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to find out in vitro antimicrobial activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol fractions of Piper betle green leaves against S. aureus , and profiles of secondary metabolite compounds contained in these three extracts. The antimicrobial activity test was carried out by disk diffusion test of the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol at a concentration of 6.25, 12.5 and 18.75 µg/disk. Detection of secondary metabolite content was done by the Thin Layer Chromatography method with stain-view reagents. The highest antimicrobial activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction and was significantly different from the activity in the ethanol and n-hexane fractions. However, the antibacterial activity of all fractions was lower compared to the positive control of amoxiclav 30µg/disk. The phytochemical screening results of secondary metabolites of each fraction were shown that the n-hexane fraction contained alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and anthraquinone; the ethyl acetate fraction contained terpenoids, polyphenols, and anthraquinone; while the ethanol fraction contained alkaloids, terpenoids, polyphenols, and anthraquinone. Based on the test results, it is concluded that all fractions of Piper betle leaf extract had high antimicrobial activity; meanwhile, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest activities among others. Each fraction was proven to have a different composition of secondary metabolites.
Ghana of Education: Issues and Practice ( GJE )

The study investigated the impact of classroom motivational climates on attitude to and achievement in Visual Arts among junior secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 120 junior secondary three students drawn from three junior secondary schools in Lagos Education District 6 served as participants. Each of the three schools was randomly assigned either the task-involved, ego-involved or the control condition. The experiments which entailed teaching lessons in Visual Arts within a specified motivational climate spanned over four weeks. Each lesson lasted for 80 minutes per week. Three research instruments were used for data collection. These comprised the Students’ Attitude to Visual Arts, Visual Arts Achievement Test, and Students’ Perception of Motivational Climate. Three null hypotheses were formulated in the study. The hypotheses were tested using the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The findings showed that the classroom motivational climates produced differential effects on the participants’ post-test scores on attitude to Visual Arts. The task-involved and ego-involved motivational climates were more effective than the control condition in bringing about greater positive feelings about Visual Arts class. The study also revealed that task-oriented and ego-involved motivational conditions recorded significant post-test mean gains in visual arts achievement .
Rotation Invariant Filters in Convolu-tional Neural Networks

Convolutional neural networks are showing incredible performance in image classiﬁcation, segmentation, object detection and other computer vision applications in recent years. But they lack understanding of afﬁne transformations to input data. In this work, we introduce rotational invariant convolutional neural networks that learn rotational invariance by design, and not from data. We build rotation invariant ﬁlters through parametric learning of linear combination of a basis set of ﬁlters, rather than modelling the ﬁlters ourselves. Our approach combines the learning capability of CNNs with custom ﬁlter selection. We show stability in performance under rotations in input images. We ﬁrst validate our ﬁndings for classiﬁcation on MNIST and then for multi-class semantic segmentation on the DeepGlobe 2018 Satellite Image Understanding Challenge.
IMPACT OF GENERAL ELECTION ON INDIAN STOCK MARKET An Event Study on 2019 Lok Sabha Election

: Political condition of the country greatly influences sentiments of investors across the world which in turn affects economy of the country. Thus, elections results are also important factor behind movements of index. Investors’ sentiments can be analyzed on the basis of the same. The purpose of the present study is to show the impact of the results of Lok Sabha Election 2019 on Indian Stock Market. Although various studies have examined this association on SENSEX and NIFTY but little attention has been given on the impact of General election on various sectors. Thus, the emphasis of this study is on S&P BSE SENSEX, NSE NIFTY and four Sectoral indices (Bank, FMCG, IT, Pharma). To identify the immediate impact of such an event, an Event study methodology is adopted by taking a period of 40 days prior and 40 days after the result got announced. This empirical study shows that collapsing stock returns around the election result is reversed by positive return on the next day, except some cases where negative responses are observed following the vote count. As per this study, the winners are SENSEX, NIFTY and Banking sector and the loser is FMCG sector whereas the IT and Pharma sectors are not affected by the result of Lok Sabha election 2019.
Reverse Monte Carlo Algorithm and Maximum Entropy Principle for the Analysis of Positive Muon Spin Rotation and Relaxation Spectra

We discuss the reverse Monte Carlo algorithm supplemented by the maximum entropy principle as a tool to guide the analysis of spectra recorded with the positive muon spin rotation and relaxation technique. This tool enables to derive the static ﬁeld distribution at the muon site, even when the Fourier transform technique is of no help. Statistical uncertainties are estimated for the distribution and no smoothening technique such as apodization is required.
THE EFFECT OF GENDER ON FINANCIAL LITERACY 1 CİNSİYETİN FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞA

Financial literacy is the ability of an individual to take informed decisions on basic financial practices. Financial literacy is essential not only for the individual but also for the development of the markets of a country. In order to develop the markets of a country, education has to be provided to everyone starting from the individuals with the lowest position. Thus, providing quality finance education contributes to the development of both the individual and the economy of the concerned country. This study investigates the relation between financial literacy level and gender of individuals. It was attempted to determine whether gender affects the level of financial literacy and what is the extent of this effect. In order to test this relation, an online survey was applied to 602 people living in Turkey with a randomly selected sample. A regression analysis was conducted with the obtained data to determine the existence of the relation and the Anova analysis was conducted additionally. Then, the direction and level of the data were found by the correlation analysis. The study found out which gender had more sufficient financial knowledge and determined the gender of the individuals who needed to receive finance education. In addition, the investment knowledge of men and women were compared and the effect of gender difference on financial literacy was determined. As a result of the analyses, it was concluded that gender has no significant effect on financial literacy, that the financial literacy is affected by financial education and that there will not be any difference between men and women if women are educated and equipped with financial information as a part of the society.
Convergent copy number increase of genes associated with freshwater colonization in fishes

Copy number variation (CNV) can cause phenotypic changes. However, in contrast to amino acid substitutions and cis-regulatory changes, little is known about the functional categories of genes in which CNV is important for adaptation to novel environments. It is also unclear whether the same genes repeatedly change the copy numbers for adapting to similar environments. Here, we investigate CNV associated with freshwater colonization in fishes, which was observed multiple times across different lineages. Using 48 ray-finned fishes across diverse orders, we identified 23 genes whose copy number increases were associated with freshwater colonization. These genes showed enrichment for peptide receptor activity, hexosyltransferase activity and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. We further revealed that three of the genes showed copy number increases in freshwater populations compared to marine ancestral populations of the stickleback genus Gasterosteus. These results indicate that copy number increases of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (FADS2), immune function (PSMB8a) and thyroid hormone metabolism (UGT2) may be important for freshwater colonization at both the inter-order macroevolutionary scale and at the intra-genus microevolutionary scale. Further analysis across diverse taxa will help to understand the role of CNV in the adaptation to novel environments. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Genetic basis of adaptation and speciation: from loci to causative mutations’.
Cardiomyocyte transcription is controlled by combined mineralocorticoid receptor and circadian clock signalling

We previously identified a critical pathogenic role for mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in cardiomyocytes that included a potential interaction between the MR and the molecular circadian clock. While glucocorticoid regulation of the circadian clock is undisputed, studies on MR interactions with circadian clock signalling are limited. We hypothesised that the MR influences cardiac circadian clock signalling, and vice versa. Aldosterone or corticosterone (10 nM) regulated Cry1 , Per1 , Per2 and ReverbA ( Nr1d1 ) gene expression patterns in H9c2 cells over 24 h. MR-dependent regulation of circadian gene promoters containing GREs and E-box sequences was established for CLOCK, Bmal, CRY1 and CRY2, PER1 and PER2 and transcriptional activators CLOCK and Bmal modulated MR-dependent transcription of a subset of these promoters. We also demonstrated differential regulation of MR target gene expression in hearts of mice 4 h after administration of aldosterone at 08:00 h vs 20:00 h. Our data support MR regulation of a subset of circadian genes, with endogenous circadian transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL modulating the response. This unsuspected relationship links MR in the heart to circadian rhythmicity at the molecular level and has important implications for the biology of MR signalling in response to aldosterone as well as cortisol. These data are consistent with MR signalling in the brain where, like the heart, it preferentially responds to cortisol. Given the undisputed requirement for diurnal cortisol release in the entrainment of peripheral clocks, the present study highlights the MR as an important mechanism for transducing the circadian actions of cortisol in addition to glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the heart.
Wide stopband single‐/dual‐bandpass filters using rotational symmetric composite right/left‐handed resonators

Both single‐/dual‐bandpass wide stopband filters with rotational symmetry using composite right/left‐handed resonators are proposed in this study. Designs of this type obtain a single passband at 2.40 GHz as well as dual passbands at 2.40 and 5.20 GHz, and achieve a wide stopband with no additional structures, which are implemented and demonstrated with full‐wave simulations and measurements. Standing wave coupling models are presented to analyze the characteristics of a wide stopband effectively. The proposed single‐bandpass filter (BPF) with rotational symmetry achieves a preferable wide stopband, in which |S21| is mainly <−20 dB below 19.00 GHz; the proposed dual‐BPF also obtains a wide stopband, in which |S21| < −20 dB below 16.90 GHz. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:49–53, 2017
Double-sided parallel-strip line based broadband magic-T

A broadband magic-T based on double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) and microstrip-coplanar waveguide (CPW) transition is presented and demonstrated. The DSPSL magic-T has broad bandwidth and low phase imbalance at the sum (H) and difference (E) ports. The equivalent circuits of the proposed multilayer circuit magic-T and transition between microstrip and CPW are derived. The experimental results show that the 4GHz magic-T provides more than 68% of 1dB operating bandwidth with the average in-band insertion loss of less than 0.7dB. It also has phase and amplitude imbalance of less than 4°and 0.65 dB, respectively. This magic-T was designed as DSPLS difference inputting of port E and two sides microstrip circuit outputting of port 2 and 3, and its structure is suitable for multilayer microwave integration circuit, especially LTCC multilayer circuit.
The space 
$\mathbf {L_1(L_p)}$
 is primary for 1 < p < ∞

Abstract The classical Banach space $L_1(L_p)$ consists of measurable scalar functions f on the unit square for which $$ \begin{align*}\|f\| = \int_0^1\Big(\int_0^1 |f(x,y)|^p dy\Big)^{1/p}dx < \infty. \end{align*} $$ We show that $L_1(L_p) (1 < p < \infty )$ is primary, meaning that whenever $L_1(L_p) = E\oplus F$ , where E and F are closed subspaces of $L_1(L_p)$ , then either E or F is isomorphic to $L_1(L_p)$ . More generally, we show that $L_1(X)$ is primary for a large class of rearrangement-invariant Banach function spaces.
Lymph Node Metastasis Spread Patterns and the Effectiveness of Prophylactic Neck Irradiation in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SNSCC)

Objectives To analyze the incidence and spread of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and the effectiveness of prophylactic neck irradiation in patients with SNSCC. Methods A total of 255 patients with SNSCC were retrospectively reviewed. The LNM spread pattern was revealed. The clinical parameters related to LNM, and the prognostic value of elective neck irradiation (ENI) were assessed. A 1:1 matching with propensity scores was performed between ENI group and observation (OBS) group. Results The initial LNM rate was 20.8%, and the regional recurrence (RR) rate was 7.5%. Lymphatic spreading in SNSCC followed the common trajectories: a. level Ib ➔ level II ➔ level Va/level III/IV lymph nodes (LNs); b. retropharyngeal lymph nodes (RPLNs) ➔ level II LNs. The most frequently involved site was level II LNs (16.1%), followed by level Ib LNs (10.2%), RPLNs (4.7%), level III LNs (3.2%), level Va LNs (1.6%), level IVa LNs (1.4%) and level VIII LNs (0.8%). The median follow-up time was 105 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 55.7% for N0 patients and 38.5% for patients with initial N+ or N- relapse (p = 0.009). After PSM, the 5-year regional recurrence-free survival was 71.6% and 94.7% (p = 0.046) in OBS and ENI group, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that ENI (p = 0.013) and absence of nasopharynx involvement (p = 0.026) were associated with a significantly lower RR rate. Conclusions Patients with LNM had poorer survival than those who never experienced LNM. Lymphatic spread in SNSCC followed predictable patterns. ENI effectively reduced the RR rate in patients at high risk.
An Interaction-Based Method for Refining Results From Gene Set Enrichment Analysis

Purpose: To demonstrate an interaction-based method for the refinement of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results. Method: Intravitreal injection of miR-124-3p antagomir was used to knockdown the expression of miR-124-3p in mouse retina at postnatal day 3 (P3). Whole retinal RNA was extracted for mRNA transcriptome sequencing at P9. After preprocessing the dataset, GSEA was performed, and the leading-edge subsets were obtained. The Apriori algorithm was used to identify the frequent genes or gene sets from the union of the leading-edge subsets. A new statistic d was introduced to evaluate the frequent genes or gene sets. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed to validate the expression trend of candidate genes after the knockdown of miR-124-3p. Results: A total of 115,140 assembled transcript sequences were obtained from the clean data. With GSEA, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, C-type-like lectin receptor signaling pathway, phagosome, necroptosis, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, leukocyte transendothelial migration, chemokine signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and RIG-I-like signaling pathway were identified as the top 10 enriched pathways, and their leading-edge subsets were obtained. After being refined by the Apriori algorithm and sorted by the value of the modulus of d , Prkcd, Irf9, Stat3, Cxcl12, Stat1, Stat2, Isg15, Eif2ak2, Il6st, Pdgfra, Socs4 and Csf2ra had the significant number of interactions and the greatest value of d to downstream genes among all frequent transactions. Results of RT-qPCR validation for the expression of candidate genes after the knockdown of miR-124-3p showed a similar trend to the RNA-Seq results. Conclusion: This study indicated that using the Apriori algorithm and defining the statistic d was a novel way to refine the GSEA results. We hope to convey the intricacies from the computational results to the low-throughput experiments, and to plan experimental investigations specifically.
Acute Ethanol Challenge Differentially Regulates Expression of Growth Factors and miRNA Expression Profile of Whole Tissue of the Dorsal Hippocampus

Acute ethanol exposure produces rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression that are both time- and cytokine-dependent. Interestingly, adolescent rats, who often consume binge-like quantities of alcohol, displayed reduced neuroimmune responses to acute ethanol challenge. However, it is not known whether growth factors, a related group of signaling factors, respond to ethanol similarly in adults and adolescents. Therefore, Experiment 1 aimed to assess the growth factor response to ethanol in both adolescents and adults. To test this, adolescent (P29–P34) and adult (P70–P80) Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes were injected with either ethanol (3.5 g/kg) or saline, and brains were harvested 3 h post-injection for assessment of growth factor, cytokine, or miRNA expression. As expected, acute ethanol challenge significantly increased IL-6 and IκBα expression in the hippocampus and amygdala, replicating our prior findings. Acute ethanol significantly decreased BDNF and increased FGF2 regardless of age condition. PDGF was unresponsive to ethanol, but showed heightened expression among adolescent males. Because recent work has focused on the PDE4 inhibitor ibudilast for treatment in alcohol use disorder, Experiment 2 tested whether ibudilast would alter ethanol-evoked gene expression changes in cytokines and growth factors in the CNS. Ibudilast (9.0 mg/kg s.c.) administration 1 h prior to ethanol had no effect on ethanol-induced changes in cytokine or growth factor changes in the hippocampus or amygdala. To further explore molecular alterations evoked by acute ethanol challenge in the adult rat hippocampus, Experiment 3 tested whether acute ethanol would change the miRNA expression profile of the dorsal hippocampus using RNASeq, which revealed a rapid suppression of 12 miRNA species 3 h after acute ethanol challenge. Of the miRNA affected by ethanol, the majority were related to inflammation or cell survival and proliferation factors, including FGF2, MAPK, NFκB, and VEGF. Overall, these findings suggest that ethanol-induced, rapid alterations in neuroimmune gene expression were (i) muted among adolescents; (ii) independent of PDE4 signaling; and (iii) accompanied by changes in several growth factors (increased FGF2, decreased BDNF). In addition, ethanol decreased expression of multiple miRNA species, suggesting a dynamic molecular profile of changes in the hippocampus within a few short hours after acute ethanol challenge. Together, these findings may provide important insight into the molecular consequences of heavy drinking in humans.