Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Target surface texture discrimination by the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus.

Echolocating bats perceive the details of their surroundings through an active bisonar system having an acuity which rivals vision in other mammals [Animal Sonar, Processes and Performance, edited by P. F. Nachtigall and P. W. B. Moore (Plenum, NY, 1988)]. To explore one facet of their acoustic imaging, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) were trained to discriminate between targets based upon their surface roughness. Pairs of cylinders (7.6 cm diam by 20 cm) were covered with different grades of gravel or sandpaper. Individual bats were able to discriminate targets having a difference in mean grain size of about 0.5 mm, in general agreement with earlier results from a different bat species (Megaderma lyra). Big brown bats actively control the parameters of their short (1–5 ms) broadband (100–20 kHz) echolocation sounds to shape the acoustic information available to their bisonar systems. To monitor the bat’s vocal control of echoes, vocalizations were recorded and compared to the sounds used by the same an.
The Independent Discovery of Planet Candidates around Low-mass Stars and Astrophysical False Positives from the First Two TESS Sectors

Continuous data releases throughout the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) primary mission will provide unique opportunities for the exoplanet community at large to contribute to maximizing TESS's scientific return via the discovery and validation of transiting planets. This paper introduces our independent pipeline for the detection of periodic transit events along with the results of its inaugural application to the recently released 2 minute light curves of low-mass stars from the first two TESS sectors. The stellar parameters within our sample are refined using precise parallax measurements from the Gaia DR2, which reduce the number of low-mass stars in our sample relative to those listed in the TESS Input Catalog. In lieu of the follow-up observations required to confirm or refute the planetary nature of transit-like signals, a validation of transit-like events flagged by our pipeline is performed statistically. The resulting vetted catalog contains eight probable blended eclipsing binaries, eight known TOIs, plus seven new planet candidates (PCs) smaller than 4 Earth radii. This work demonstrates the ability of our pipeline to detect sub-Neptune-sized PCs, which to date represent some of the most attractive targets for future atmospheric characterization via transmission or thermal emission spectroscopy and for radial velocity efforts aimed at the completion of the TESS level one requirement to deliver 50 planets smaller than 4 Earth radii with measured masses.
Flux backgrounds in 2D string theory

We study RR flux backgrounds in two dimensional type 0 string theories. In particular, we study the relation between the 0A matrix model and the extremal black hole in two dimensions. Using T-duality we find a dual flux background in type 0B theory and propose its matrix model description. When the Fermi level μ is set to zero this system remains weakly coupled and exhibits a larger symmetry related to the structure of flux vacua. Finally, we construct a two dimensional type-IIB background as an orbifold of the 0B background.
Xanthatin inhibits STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling by covalently binding to JAK and IKK kinases

Aberrant activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signalling pathways is associated with the development of cancer and inflammatory diseases. JAKs and IKKs are the key regulators in the STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling respectively. Therefore, the two families of kinases have been the major targets for developing drugs to regulate the two signalling pathways. Here, we report a natural compound xanthatin from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Xanthium L. as a potent inhibitor of both STAT3 and NF‐κB signalling pathways. Our data demonstrated that xanthatin was a covalent inhibitor and its activities depended on its α‐methylene‐γ‐butyrolactone group. It preferentially interacted with the Cys243 of JAK2 and the Cys412 and Cys464 of IKKβ to inactivate their activities. In doing so, xanthatin preferentially inhibited the growth of cancer cell lines that have constitutively activated STAT3 and p65. These data suggest that xanthatin may be a promising anticancer and anti‐inflammation drug candidate.
Origin of large dielectric constant in La modified BiFeO3-PbTiO3 multiferroic

The presence of superlattice reflections and detailed analysis of the powder neutron and x-ray diffraction data reveals that La rich BLF-PT (BFO0.50–LF0.50)0.50–(PT)0.50 has a ferroelectric rhombohedral crystal structure with space group R3c at ambient condition. Impedance spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy is subset of impedance spectroscopy and ac conductivity measurements were performed in the temperature range 483 K ≤ T ≤ 573 K to probe the origin of large remnant polarization and frequency dependent broad transitions with large dielectric constant near TcFE. Results of impedance spectroscopy measurements clearly show contributions of both grain and grain boundaries throughout the frequency range (1 kHz ≤ f ≤ 10 MHz). It could be concluded that the grain boundaries are more resistive and capacitive as compared to the grains, resulting in inhomogeneity in the sample and cause broad frequency dependent dielectric transitions. The Maxwell-Wagner model fits very well up to ∼105 Hz. Enhancement in diele.
A Review of the D1 / D5 system and five-dimensional black hole from supergravity and brane viewpoint

We review some aspects of the D1/D5 system of type IIB string theory and the associated ve dimensional black hole. We include a pedagogical discussion of the construction of relevant classical solutions in supergravity. We discuss the gauge theory and the conformal eld theory relevant to D-brane description of these systems. In order to discuss Hawking radiation we are automatically led to a discussion of near-horizon geometries and their relation to gauge theories and conformal eld theories. We show how inputs from AdS/CFT correspondence resolve some earlier puzzles regarding Hawking radiation. Besides the D1/D5 system, we include a brief discussion of some nonsupersymmetric systems which show unexpected agreement between supergravity and perturbative brane/string computations. We also comment briefly on possible implications of the AdS/CFT relation for the correspondence principle and for the principle of black hole complementarity.
Relativizations of the $\mathcal{P} = ?\mathcal{NP}$ Question

We investigate relativized versions of the open question of whether every language accepted nondeterministically in polynomial time can be recognized deterministically in polynomial time. For any set X, let $\mathcal{P}^X (\text{resp. }\mathcal{NP}^X )$ be the class of languages accepted in polynomial time by deterministic (resp. nondeterministic) query machines with oracle X. We construct a recursive set A such that $\mathcal{P}^A = \mathcal{NP}^A $. On the other hand, we construct a recursive set B such that $\mathcal{P}^B \ne \mathcal{NP}^B $. Oracles X are constructed to realize all consistent set inclusion relations between the relativized classes $\mathcal{P}^X $, $\mathcal{NP}^X $, and co $\mathcal{NP}^X $, the family of complements of languages in $\mathcal{NP}^X $. Several related open problems are described.
Hedgehog signaling regulates osteoblast differentiation in zebrafish larvae through modulation of autophagy

ABSTRACT Impaired osteoblast differentiation may result in bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis. It was reported recently that hedgehog (Hh) signaling and autophagy are two important regulators of bone differentiation. In order to further dissect their relationship in bone development, we used a zebrafish larvae model to investigate how disruption of one of these signals affects the function of the other and impacts osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that activation of Hh signaling negatively regulated autophagy. However, suppression of autophagy by knocking down atg5 expression did not alter Hh signaling, but dramatically upregulated the expression of osteoblast-related genes and increased bone mineralization, especially in the den region. On the contrary, inhibition of the Hh signaling pathway by cyclopamine treatment suppressed the expression of osteoblast-related genes and decreased bone mineralization. In agreement with these findings, blocking Hh signaling through knockdown SHH and Gli2 genes led to defective osteoblast differentiation, while promoting Hh signaling by knockdown Ptch1 was beneficial to osteoblast differentiation. Our results thus support that activation of the Hh signaling pathway negatively regulates autophagy and consequentially promotes osteoblast differentiation. On the contrary, induction of autophagy inhibits osteoblast differentiation. Our work reveals the mechanism underlying Hh signaling pathway regulation of bone development. Summary: Our report of an essential regulation role of hedgehog signaling and autophagy on osteoblast differentiation may contribute to research on bone development biology, hedgehog signaling and the autophagy pathway.
Quantum-like dynamics of decision-making in prisoner's dilemma game

In cognitive psychology, some experiments of games were reported [1, 2, 3, 4], and these demonstrated that real players did not use the "rational strategy" provided by classical game theory. To discuss probabilities of such "irrational choice", recently, we proposed a decision-making model which is based on the formalism of quantum mechanics [5, 6, 7, 8]. In this paper, we briefly explain the above model and calculate the probability of irrational choice in several prisoner's dilemma (PD) games.
Variation of the ground state properties of trapped Bose-Einstein condensate due to localized impurity

Bose-Einstein condensates have been, by now, observed in as many as nine different atomic assemblies of bosons. Such a condensate is quantum mechanical interacting system whose ground state properties can be studied theoretically by solving the appropriate non-linear Gross-Pitaevskii-Ginzburg GPG equation. One can now study the change in the behavior of Bose-Einstein condensate by introducing a localized impurity which interacts with the condensate as a function of position of impurity in the condensate. The introduction of such an impurity can be mimicked by simply allowing an intensely focused laser beam to interact with the condensate. This would lead to alteration of ground state properties of the condensate as it would now interact with a potential of type V Sech2(r/w) where, V and w are amplitude and width of the impurity potential, respectively. The modified GPG equation in the presence of localized impurity potential as function of position in the condensate, has been numerically solved to obtain its various ground state properties as function of position, such as total energy per particle, chemical potential, kinetic, harmonic trap potential and two-body interaction energies per particle in addition to energy associated with impurity potential, correlation length, healing length etc. We have studied the behavior of the above-mentioned ground state properties as the position of localized impurity is changed in the condensate from core to peripheral position. While the total, harmonic oscillator potential and impurity energies decrease as the position of localized impurity is displaced from core of the condensate to its periphery, the value of two-body inter-particle interaction energy increases. Further, the values of chemical potential and total energy per particle shows decrease by ~ 9% and ~ 17% respectively, leading to the inference that the stability of condensate increases as the localized impurity is moved away from the core of the condensate.
Telehealth Intervention Programs for Seniors: An Observational Study of a Community-Embedded Health Monitoring Initiative.

Background: Chronic disease in older adults is estimated to account for 84% of annual health care spending in the United States, with many preventable costs expected to rise as the population continues to age. Introduction: Telehealth Intervention Programs for Seniors (TIPS) is a community-embedded program targeting low-income older adults, providing weekly assessment of vital signs and subjective wellness, and wrap-around aging services. Materials and Methods: TIPS recruited 765 volunteers over 55 years, who were Medicaid and/or Medicare eligible. Data were collected from 2014 to 2016 [median enrollment 343 days (105-435)] using 12 TIPS sites. This observational study evaluated the efficacy of TIPS by measuring within-subject changes in self-reported hospital visits and <30-day readmissions, before and during TIPS participation. Data of 617 participants (median age 74.3; interquartile range 16) were analyzed. Results: Self-reported hospital visits were reduced by 28.9% (p = 0.0013). Medicare participants benefited the most, with a 50% (p < 0.0001) reduction in hospital visits, and a 75.5% (p = 0.017) reduction in <30-day readmissions. Multivariate analysis revealed that participants (1) Medicaid-registered (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.392-1.611), (2) reporting feeling unwell (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.118-0.459), and (3) living alone (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 0.115-1.592) were significantly more likely than other participants to experience a hospital visit. Discussion: TIPS demonstrates that community-embedded health services can reduce rates of hospital visits in older adults. Conclusion: The success of TIPS highlights the potential of successfully deployed remote patient-monitoring initiatives in reducing the utilization of costly health services.
Supergravity brane worlds and tachyon potentials

We study massless and massive graviton modes that bind on thick branes which are supergravity domain walls solutions in D-dimensional supergravity theories where only the supergravity multiplet and the scalar supermultiplet are turned on. The domain walls are bulk solutions provided by tachyon potentials. Such domain walls are regarded as Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) branes of one lower dimension that are formed due to tachyon potentials on a non-BPS D-brane.
Design of Optical Minus Filters

The equivalent-layer concept is used to develop a method to design multilayer interference filters with relatively smooth high-transmittance regions on both sides of the rejection band. Most of the resulting designs have the interesting property of having low ripple in all high-transmittance regions. The characteristics of several typical designs are presented.
Conductivity measurements of the earth at ELF

This paper describes a simple method for determining the effective conductivity of a relatively flat conducting earth at ELF. The method is based on the quasi-static approximations to the Hertz vector potential for both the vertical and horizontal magnetic dipole. From these approximations, expressions for the magnetic field are obtained. By taking the ratio of the vertical component to the horizontal component, a simple relation is obtained for conductivity which is independent of the magnetic dipole moment. The relation is also independent of the source and receiver height provided they are located near the boundary.
On the Spectral Curvature of VHE Blazar 1ES 1011+496: Effect of Spatial Particle Diffusion

A detailed multi-epoch study of the broadband spectral behavior of the very high energy (VHE) source 1ES 1011+496 provides us with valuable information regarding the underlying particle distribution. Simultaneous observations of the source at optical/UV/X-ray/γ-ray during three different epochs, as obtained from Swift-UVOT/Swift-XRT/Fermi-LAT, are supplemented with the information available from the VHE telescope array, HAGAR. The long-term flux variability at the Fermi-LAT energies is clearly found to be lognormal. It is seen that the broadband spectral energy distribution of 1ES 1011+496 can be successfully reproduced by synchrotron and synchrotron self Compton emission models. Notably, the observed curvature in the photon spectrum at X-ray energies demands a smooth transition of the underlying particle distribution from a simple power law to a power law with an exponential cutoff, or a smooth broken power law distribution, which may possibly arise when the escape of the particles from the main emission region is energy dependent. Specifically, if the particle escape rate is related to its energy as E 0.5 , then the observed photon spectrum is consistent with the ones observed during the various epochs.
The Polarizing Power of the Interstellar Medium in Taurus

We present a study of the polarizing power of dust in cold dense regions (dark clouds) compared with that of dust in the general interstellar medium (ISM). Our study uses new polarimetric, optical, and spectral classification data for 36 stars to carefully study the relation between polarization percentage (p) and extinction (AV) in the Taurus dark cloud complex. We find two trends in our p-AV study: (1) stars that are background to the warm ISM show an increase in p with AV, and (2) the percentage of polarization of stars that are background to cold dark clouds does not increase with extinction. We detect a break in the p-AV relation at an extinction of 1.3±0.2 mag, which we expect corresponds to a set of conditions where the polarizing power of the dust associated with the Taurus dark clouds drops precipitously. This break point places important restrictions on the use of polarimetry in studying interstellar magnetic fields.
Prediction and measurement of the thermal conductivity of composite materials

The transverse thermal conductivity of continuous fibre composite materials has been described in terms of a number of models which yield analytic expressions that are simple to evaluate but limited in application. A more general solution to the two-dimensional, steady-state heat flow equation is obtained by using the finite difference method. This involves extensive computing but this method has the advantage that a rigorous solution is obtained. The results of some experimental measurements are considered and a solution to a measurement problem for composites with fibres at any angle to the imposed temperature gradient is discussed. Heat flow in anisotropic composite materials in directions at any angle to the axes of symmetry is discussed.
MC2: Multiwavelength and Dynamical Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster ZwCl 0008.8+5215: An Older and Less Massive Bullet Cluster

We present and analyze a rich data set including Subaru/SuprimeCam, HST/Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3, Keck/DEIMOS, Chandra/ACIS-I, and JVLA/C and D array for the merging cluster of galaxies ZwCl 0008.8+5215. With a joint Subaru+HST weak gravitational lensing analysis, we identify two dominant subclusters and estimate the masses to be and . We estimate the projected separation between the two subclusters to be . We perform a clustering analysis of spectroscopically confirmed cluster member galaxies and estimate the line-of-sight velocity difference between the two subclusters to be . We further motivate, discuss, and analyze the merger scenario through an analysis of the 42 ks of Chandra/ACIS-I and JVLA/C and D array polarization data. The X-ray surface brightness profile reveals a merging gas-core reminiscent of the Bullet Cluster. The global X-ray luminosity in the 0.5–7.0 keV band is and the global X-ray temperature is 4.90 ± 0.13 keV. The radio relics are polarized up to , and along with the masses, velocities, and positions of the two subclusters, we input these quantities into a Monte Carlo dynamical analysis and estimate the merger velocity at pericenter to be . This is a lower-mass version of the Bullet Cluster and therefore may prove useful in testing alternative models of dark matter (DM). We do not find significant offsets between DM and galaxies, but the uncertainties are large with the current lensing data. Furthermore, in the east, the BCG is offset from other luminous cluster galaxies, which poses a puzzle for defining DM–galaxy offsets.
Point sources from dissipative dark matter

If a component of dark matter has dissipative interactions, it can cool to form compact astrophysical objects with higher density than that of conventional cold dark matter (sub)haloes. Dark matter annihilations might then appear as point sources, leading to novel morphology for indirect detection. We explore dissipative models where interaction with the Standard Model might provide visible signals, and show how such objects might give rise to the observed excess in gamma rays arising from the galactic center.
Theory and design of multidimensional QMF sub-band filters from 1-D filters and polynomials using transforms

The general theory of designing multidimensional quadrature mirror filters (QMF) for use in sub-band coding systems using the McClellan transform [1] is presented. It was recently shown that the McClellan transform could be used to generate 2-D diamond-shape QMF filters [2]. The proofs of the diamond-shape case are formalised and generalise to other shapes, sampling rasters and dimensions. It is possible and even more convenient to design QMF filter banks by performing transformations on a class of real-valued polynomials. Examples are given of two-dimensional diamond and fan-shape filters and three-dimensional tetrad filters designed using this transformation technique.
Optical properties of IR-emitting centres in Pb-doped silica fibres

The first fibre preforms with a Pb-doped silica core, free of other dopants, have been produced using chemical vapour deposition. The preforms have been used to fabricate holey optical fibres. The spectroscopic properties of the fibres have been studied in detail in the range 400 — 1700 nm: we have measured the optical loss, constructed a three-dimensional luminescence excitation — emission graph and determined the decay time for the major luminescence peaks.
Proteins detection by polymer optical fibers sensitised with overlayers of block and random copolymers

A low cost and low complexity optical detection method of proteins is presented by employing a detection scheme based on electrostatic interactions, and implemented by sensitization of a polymer optical fibers' (POF) surface by thin overlayers of properly designed sensitive copolymer materials with predesigned charges. This method enables the fast detection of proteins having opposite charge to the overlayer, and also the effective discrimination of differently charged proteins like lysozyme (LYS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). As sensitive materials the block and the random copolymers of the same monomers were employed, namely the block copolymer poly(styrene-b-2vinylpyridine) (PS-b- P2VP) and the corresponding random copolymer poly(styrene-r-2vinylpyridine) (PS-r-P2VP), of similar composition and molecular weights. Results show systematically different response between the block and the random copolymers, although of the same order of magnitude, drawing thus important conclusions on their applications' techno-economic aspects given that they have significantly different associated manufacturing method and costs. The use of the POF platform, in combination with those adaptable copolymer sensing materials could lead to efficient low cost bio-detection schemes.