Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Automatic Question Generation System for CET

In this paper, we apply the abstractive text summarization technology to automatic generation system of reading comprehension, which is part of College English Test (CET) in China. At present, there is a growing demand of English reading examination questions, yet the manual examination question generating is time-consuming and labor-intensive. To relieve the pressure on question generating task, we put the related automatic technology into application, which aims to assist teachers in question generating, meanwhile, to provide more CET exercises for students. We combine seq2seq model and attention mechanism to generate the abstractive text summarization. The abstract generated by this method is easy to understand and in line with the question generating of long reading comprehension, the experiment showed good results of question generating.
FPGA Based Design & Implementation of Alamouti MIMO Encoder for Wireless Transmitter

This paper address the Design and implementation of Alamouti Transmit Diversity Scheme using FPGA for Multi- Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) wireless communication transmitter. The task of the FPGA based MIMO Encoder is to process two digital signals (S1 & S1) having real(q) and Imaginary (i) parts, are being transmitted using two transmitting antennas by employing Alamouti transmitting scheme in VHDL. The FPGA devices of the Xilinx family are used to report the results. The performance is checked for optimized device resource utilization, data link for two symbol period. The role of MIMO Encoder/transmitter to handle the traffic of multiuser though multiple channels, to ensure the quality signals at the receiver even in failure of any channel.
A STUDY TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF IMAGE ENHANCEMENT BASED ON DIFFERENT FILTERING DESIGN TECHNIQUES

In this paper we are doing study of digital filter on three types of noise such as Salt and Pepper (SP N), Gaussian noise, Speckle (SPKN). Different noise variance will be removed be tween 10% to 60% by using different types of filter as median and High pass digital filter. Filter techniques are mainly used fde-noising, smoothness and sharpening of images and extracting the useful information for the analysis for image processing The same concept is applied to the different images and they are compared with one another. The study is proposed with the help of Mea n Square Errors (MSE) and Peak-Signal to Noise Rati o (PSNR). So as to choose the appropriate noise for different filtering metho ds for any image. Results are simulated on MATLAB R 2007b.
Time Distribution of Intermittents Versus Contact Resistance for Tin-Tin Connector Interfaces During Low Amplitude Motion

An experimental study was made of the relationship between he static contact resistance increase in a separable connector degraded by interfaee motion and short duration dynamic events which could represent intermittent failures in high-speed digital circuits. These studies were a continuation of earlier work which demonstrated the occurrence of short duration "opens" in the range 5-10 ns duration for increases in contact resistance of as little as 5-6 m \Omega . No time discrimination for these events was obtained. The current studies had the primary objective of resolving the duration of such events and to show the relationship between event duration and static contact resistance. It was shown that as contact resistance increases, the probability increases for the development of longer duration events. From pulse widths >20 ns at \delta R/R=5-6, durations increased to more than 1 \mu s at \delta R/R = 40-45. These results imply that, in practice, a range of failure criterion could be applied for test purposes depending upon sensitivity of the specific application towards tort duration open events.
Diamond as the heat spreader for the thermal dissipation of GaN-based electronic devices

Abstract With the increasing power density and reduced size of the GaN-based electronic power converters, the heat dissipation in the devices becomes the key issue toward the real applications. Diamond, with the highest thermal conductivity among all the natural materials, is of the interest for integration with GaN to dissipate the generated heat from the channel of the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Current techniques involve three strategies to fabricate the GaN-on-diamond wafers: bonding of GaN with diamond, epitaxial growth of diamond on GaN, and epitaxial growth of GaN on diamond. As a result of the large lattice mismatch and thermal mismatch, the integration of GaN-on-diamond wafer is suffered from stress, bow, crack, rough interfaces, and large thermal boundary resistance. The interfaces with transition or buffer layers impede the heat flow from the device channel and greatly influence the device performance. In this review, we summarize the three different techniques to achieve the GaN-on-diamond wafers for the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. The problems and challenges of each method are discussed. In addition, the effective thermal boundary resistance between GaN and diamond, which characterizes the heat concentration, is analyzed with regard to different integration and measurement methods.
1.3 V single-stage CMOS opamp

A low-voltage, single-stage opamp realised using a conventional CMOS process is proposed. It was designed by using novel regulated-cascode transistors which have a lower output compliance voltage. A gain-enhancement active load has been built by using a bias-stabilising technique. It enables the opamp to achieve a DC gain of >68 dB with a reduction in supply voltage to /spl sim/1.3 V.
EXISTENCE AND NON-EXISTENCE OF GLOBAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE SEMILINEAR COMPLEX GINZBURG-LANDAU TYPE EQUATION IN HOMOGENEOUS AND ISOTROPIC SPACETIME

The Cauchy problem for the semilinear complex Ginzburg–Landau type equation is considered in homogeneous and isotropic spacetime. Global solutions and their asymptotic behaviours for small initial data are obtained. The non-existence of non-trivial global solutions is also shown. The effects of spatial expansion and contraction are studied through the problem.
Quantitative assessment of the mechanical properties of tissues with magnetic resonance elastography

The anatomy and function of the musculoskeletal system is strongly determined by the mechanical properties of its component tissues: bone, muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage and adipose tissue. Efforts to better understand musculoskeletal biomechanics in health and disease have created an increased need for quantitative estimates of the elastic properties of these tissues. Traditional static and dynamic mechanical testing devices provide reasonable data for specimens of solid materials like bone, but are less satisfactory of semisolid tissues like muscle and adipose tissue. Few options have been available for quantitatively assessing the elastic properties of musculoskeletal tissues in vivo. Static and dynamic estimates of muscle strain can be obtained using spin-tagging and phase contrast MRI, but these do not provide quantitative elasticity data.
The new development in the foreign languages training (FLT) system for young learners in the Russian educational system (retrospective analyses)

The article will dwell upon the issue of training teachers of foreign languages for young learners in Russia. It will describe the system of training with the reference to how it emerged, and it will summarize the current discussions of the issues related to the professional competences of the teacher that are of relevance due to the introduction of new Standard of Higher Professional Education. The article will offer suggestions for the competences of the teachers of foreign languages for young learners and relating modules. The suggestions are open for discussions for reaching a joint approach.
A high accuracy magnetic heading system composed of fluxgate magnetometers and a microcomputer

The authors present a magnetic heading system consisting of two fluxgate magnetometers and a single-chip microcomputer. The system, when compared to gyro compasses, is smaller in size, lighter in weight, simpler in construction, quicker in reaction time, free from drift, and more reliable. Using a microcomputer in the system, heading error due to compass deviation, sensor offsets. scale factor uncertainty, and sensor tilts can be compensated with the help of an error model. The laboratory test of a typical system showed that the accuracy of the system was improved from more than 8 degrees error without error compensation to less than 0.3 degrees error with compensation. <<ETX>>
Cascade Directional Filter

A directional filter is a completely matched four-port which exhibits a directional and a filter-like frequency characteristic. This paper explores the properties of N-directional filters connected in cascade through sections of transmission lines. Analysis shows that if a directional filter admits the equivalent circuit representation offered here, its transfer functions are functions of only one parameter, a susceptance function. When the directional filters are cascaded in a certain way, the overall transfer functions have the same form as before except that the susceptance function is now the sum of the susceptance functions of the component filters. The last property is an important one. Given a transfer function expressed in terms of a susceptance function, the network designer can expand the susceptance in partial fraction and realize the transfer function using directional filters in cascade, each being characterized by a much simpler susceptance.
Short period teaching-learning cycles

A model for managing the processes involved in the teaching of mathematics to engineering students is introduced. Based on small units of content, key processes such as motivation, delivery of the lesson, study, evaluation of learning, correction, reinforcement and projection are successively developed constituting short period teaching-learning cycles that require no longer than a teaching period. Numerous advantages concerning quality, efficiency and productivity are reported. The variability in the learning performance is reduced and the average mark is increased as predicted by Bloom's (1976) theory of learning. Finally the use of short cycles allows us to set up a continuous improvement approach and study the results of any adopted didactic strategy.
Oil Exploration in Australia

During recent years exploration activity in Australia has been at high levels. However, during a period of generally depressed economic conditions, this activity has been concentrated in the established areas where the risk-reward relationships have been judged the most favorable. Although oil discoveries have been at an encouraging level, Australia still finds itself with less oil reserves today than in 1979. Without additional discoveries, indigenous oil production is projected to decline to a level 250,000 bbl/day below total demand by 1990 and 550,000 bbl/day below total demand by the year 2000. Geological data would suggest that Australia's undiscovered oil resources have the potential to support a high level of self suffi­ ciency. Given the proper business environment, the Australian exploration industry has the skills necessary to evaluate this poten­ tial effectively and efficiently. However, it is important, particularly in the light of industry's weakening expectations of profitability, that the Government pursue policies that encourage a high level of exploration activity in all areas, particularly in the high-risk, high-potential areas offshore. This will require recognition by Government of the critical balance which exists between risk and reward.
Evaluation of indoor air quality in a museum (Bait Al Zubair) and residential homes

This study was conducted with an aim to know the extent to which artefacts displayed in a museum could be affected due to raised levels of indoor air pollutants. The other objective of this work was to identify whether the quality of air in the residential homes is acceptable for the residents or not. In order to fulfil these objectives, the levels of air quality parameters were recorded at various locations of the museum and residential homes. The determined values of these parameters were compared with the permitted values defined in international standards/guidelines. Results showed that the levels of nitrogen dioxide, relative humidity and temperature in the museum were within the allowable limits while that of ozone, sulphur dioxide and total particulate matters were above the thresholds, which could cause damage to the exhibits in the museum. Furthermore, the results obtained from the residential homes indicated that the elevated levels of carbon dioxide, total volatile organic compounds and temperature in the indoor environment of these homes could cause unhealthy effects to the residents.
An ultra‐wide bandpass filter with good out‐of‐band performance

An ultra‐wideband microstrip filter with good out‐of‐band performance is designed and demonstrated. The filter design is based on a circuit model for an optimum short‐circuited stub transmission‐line filter whose unit elements or connecting lines are nonredundant. Substituting the connecting lines by the lowpass filter using stepped impedance hairpin resonator, the undesired spurious bands can be efficiently suppressed, and the designed filter length is reduced. According to the different requirements, the broadband bandpass and lowpass filter can be independently designed and modified, which makes the filter more convenient and easily implemented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1735–1737, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23517
Prevalence of Malocclusion Patterns in Mouth Breathing Children Compared to Nasal Breathing Children – A Systematic Review

The prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathing children compared to nasal breathing children is unclear, therefore the aim of this study is to identify this prevalence in a systematic review. Seven studies were included. Six studies investigated the prevalence of malocclusion in mouth breathers and compared them with the prevalence data in nose breathers. One study evaluated the prevalence of mouth- and nose breathing in children with malocclusion. The prevalence rates for class I to class III malocclusions vary significantly between studies. For class I malocclusions, a prevalence between 9% and 74% was identified in the included studies. For class II malocclusions a prevalence between 21% and 73% was shown, which equalled roughly the prevalence of class I malocclusions. Class III malocclusions were the least prevalent, between 5% and 24%. There is insufficient evidence for a difference in prevalence patterns of class I – III malocclusions between mouth and nasal breathers in order to draw a definite conclusion. The quality of the included studies was rated moderate to poor. Research on the prevalence of malocclusions in mouth breathing compared to nasal breathing children is scarce. Identified prevalence rates differ significantly, which is likely due to different assessment and reporting methods used in the included studies. The evidence of a difference in prevalence patterns for class I – III malocclusions and other occlusion traits between mouth and nasal breathers is insufficient to draw a definite conclusion.
Synthesis of heat exchanger networks: I. Systematic generation of energy optimal networks

A thermodynamically orientated method is presented for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. With this method, the problem is solved in two stages. In the first stage, preliminary networks are generated which give maximum heat recovery. In the second stage, the most satisfactory final networks are evolved using the preliminary networks as starting points. In this paper, emphasis is given to the synthesis of the preliminary networks. Two four-stream examples are solved. In Part II, emphasis will be given to the synthesis of final networks.
Role of ‘corporate persistence’ and ‘environmental support’ in building breakthrough capability: Empirical investigation of Samsung’s initiatives in memory and microwave oven business

It is now an incontrovertible fact that capabilities are the source of competitive advantage. However, the process through which firms build capabilities over a period of time is only partially understood. Concepts like learning, resource combination, and co-evolution can be categorized as enablers as they support capability formation. On the other hand, concepts like inertia and path dependence can be categorized as restrictors as they constrain the process of capability formation. Combined together, while these concepts hint in the right direction, there is a need to have concepts that explain the process of capability formation holistically. An endeavour towards this objective would require taking into account the role of internal and external events. This paper builds concepts of ‘corporate persistence’ and ‘environmental support’ to explain their role in building breakthrough capability by examining major events in the evolution of two mega high technology business belonging to the Samsung group.
An introduction to inverse probability of treatment weighting in observational research

ABSTRACT In this article we introduce the concept of inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and describe how this method can be applied to adjust for measured confounding in observational research, illustrated by a clinical example from nephrology. IPTW involves two main steps. First, the probability—or propensity—of being exposed to the risk factor or intervention of interest is calculated, given an individual’s characteristics (i.e. propensity score). Second, weights are calculated as the inverse of the propensity score. The application of these weights to the study population creates a pseudopopulation in which confounders are equally distributed across exposed and unexposed groups. We also elaborate on how weighting can be applied in longitudinal studies to deal with informative censoring and time-dependent confounding in the setting of treatment-confounder feedback.
Energiesparende Elektronik für selbstversorgende autarke SystemeLow-Power Electronics in Energy Harvesting Autonomous Systems

Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit innovativen Schaltungskonzepten für integrierte Gleichrichter und Spannungskonverter für energieautarke Applikationen. Dies umfasst außerdem integrierte Digitalschaltungstechnik im Sub-Threshold-Betrieb und auch leistungseffiziente Funk (RF)-Module für drahtloses Senden und Empfangen. Die Elektronik soll dabei ausschließlich von Mikrogeneratoren, welche durch parasitäre Umgebungseinflüsse angeregt sind, versorgt werden. Da übliche Spannungsamplituden solcher Generatoren sehr vom Konversionprinzip, der baulichen Größe und Anregungstransienten abhängen, wird besonders sowohl auf eine effiziente Gleichrichtung als auch auf geeignete Interface-Schaltungen zur Impedanzanpassung eingegangen. Es werden zunächst generelle Problemstellungen angesprochen, im Weiteren ein Überblick gegeben und konkrete Implementierungsbeispiele aufgezeigt.
Motivasi Pembentukan Koalisi Mayoritas Pengusung Pasangan Calon Machfud Arifin dan Mujiaman dalam Pilkada Kota Surabaya Tahun 2020

Pembentukan koalisi partai politik dalam ajang pemilihan kepala daerah merupakan suatu fenomena yang menarik diteliti, seperti halnya pada Pilkada Kota Surabaya tahun 2020. Proses pembentukan koalisi partai politik mayoritas pendukung Machfud Arifin – Mujiaaman. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menganalisis proses pembentukan koalisi partai politik pada Pilkada Kota Surabaya tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori motivasional pembentukan koalisi Geoffrey Pridham mengenai faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi pembentukan koalisi partai politik dan teori pilihan rasional (rational choice) untuk melihat kepentingan dasar para aktor dalam menentukan koalisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa proses pembentukan koalisi pendukung Machfud Arifin – Mujiaman diawali dengan wacana strategis antara Gerindra, PKB, PAN, NasDem, PPP, Golkar, Demokrat dan PKS yang berorientasi pada orientasi taktis untuk menumbangkan dominasi kekuasaan PDIP di Surabaya. Partai-partai tersebut pada dasarnya memiliki spirit yang sama karena Surabaya pasca reformasi selalu dikuasai oleh pemimpin dari PDIP. Machfud Arifin dianggap sebagai kandidat potensial karena memiliki kekuatan finansial, jejaring politik dan lobi antar-parpol dalam membangun mitra koalisi. Machfud Arifin menjadi trigger dalam proses pembentukan koalisi tersebut. Pada prosesnya terjadi dinamika horizontal-vertikal, karena masing-masing partai mendorong kadernya untuk menjadi pendamping Machfud Arifin. Dengan demikian, secara teori proses pembentukan koalisi pendukung Machfud Arifin – Mujiaman dipengaruhi oleh tiga hal mendasar, yakni faktor ideologis yang merupakan pikiran awal partai mayoritas yang menekankan pada pembaharuan kepemimpinan, kemudian historis partai yang telah terjalin sejak sebelum pilkada 2020 digelar dan terakhir faktor pragmatis dengan ambisi untuk meraih kekuasaan dengan penggabungan delapan partai politik. Selain itu, para aktor politik mengusung Machfud Arifin dengan pilihan rasional, bahwa pertama angka survei elektabilitas, modal finansial dan jejaring politik yang dimiliki kandidat. Koalisi tersebut bersifat dinamis, sehingga diperlukan komitmen dan visi yang sama, serta mekanisme pengatur konflik dalam menjaga keutuhan koalisi Parpol.
Comparison of 3D representations depicting micro folds: overlapping imagery vs. time-of-flight laser scanner

A relatively new field of interest, which continuously gains grounds nowadays, is digital 3D modeling. However, the methodologies, the accuracy and the time and effort required to produce a high quality 3D model have been changing drastically the last few years. Whereas in the early days of digital 3D modeling, 3D models were only accessible to computer experts in animation, working many hours in expensive sophisticated software, today 3D modeling has become reasonably fast and convenient. On top of that, with online 3D modeling software, such as 123D Catch, nearly everyone can produce 3D models with minimum effort and at no cost. The only requirement is panoramic overlapping images, of the (still) objects the user wishes to model. This approach however, has limitations in the accuracy of the model. An objective of the study is to examine these limitations by assessing the accuracy of this 3D modeling methodology, with a Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). Therefore, the scope of this study is to present and compare 3D models, produced with two different methods: 1) Traditional TLS method with the instrument ScanStation 2 by Leica and 2) Panoramic overlapping images obtained with DSLR camera and processed with 123D Catch free software. The main objective of the study is to evaluate advantages and disadvantages of the two 3D model producing methodologies. The area represented with the 3D models, features multi-scale folding in a cipollino marble formation. The most interesting part and most challenging to capture accurately, is an outcrop which includes vertically orientated micro folds. These micro folds have dimensions of a few centimeters while a relatively strong relief is evident between them (perhaps due to different material composition). The area of interest is located in Mt. Hymittos, Greece.
Blade Life — A Comparison by Cumulative Damage Theories

A turbine blade is modeled as a rotating pretwisted beam and subjected to aerodynamic excitation from the flow path interference. The resonant stresses are determined using a modal analysis. With the help of steady steam bending and centrifugal stresses and the dynamic stresses, life estimates are made using the linear and nonlinear cumulative damage theories and a comparison of the results is presented. Based on these results, recommendations are made on the usefulness of different theories for practical application.Copyright © 1999 by ASME