Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
African American Identity in Adolescence

Introduction William James, one of the founders of modern psychology, laid the groundwork for the study of self-concept by noting that the self is both content what one knows about one’s self and also process cognition, motivation, attentional processes (James, 1890). Since this early work, it has been clear that both aspects of the self are critical. That is, what I know about myself provides answers to key existential questions -‘who am I? ’ and ‘where do I belong? ’. But also, the self is a cognitive structure that mediates and organizes everyday experience, regulates affect and channels motivation (Markus & Wurf, 1987). Therefore, making sense of self concept provides a tool for making sense of everyday choices. Adolescence is a critical phase in the process of self-making both because it is a time during which youth create an outline of the self they will become as adults (Banaji & Prentice, 1994; Cantor & Zirkel, 1990; Harter & Marold, 1991; Kihlstrom & Klein, 1994). And also because choices made during adolescence are likely to have important consequences for the future -dropping out of school increases the likelihood of unemployment, delinquency and early, unwanted pregnancy; staying in school improves labor market participation and future earnings (Caprara & Rutter, 1995; Cernkovich & Giordano, 1992; Lynam, Moffitt, Stouthamer-Loeber, 1993).
Vibrotactile feedback for collision awareness

Magnetic Confinement Fusion machines called tokamak (e.g. ITER and WEST projects), as well as many industrial projects, require a high integration level in a confined volume. The feasibility of installation and maintenance by an operator has to be considered in the early stages of the design. Virtual reality technologies have opened new perspectives and solutions to take into account assembly and maintenance constraints, using virtual mock-ups. In our applications, the human factor takes an important role. Since the operator interacts in a very tight and confined environment, he has to pay attention to his whole body relative to the virtual environment, in the absence of haptic feedback. In this context, enriched sensorial information, called "collision awareness feedback", must be defined, to favour an appropriate operator's spatial behavior with respect to the environment. In this paper, we present a preliminary study, testing the effect of vibrotactile feedback in a simple tracking task, compared to a pure visual feedback.
Taboo words and reprimands elicit greater autonomic reactivity in a first language than in a second language

Second language speakers commonly acknowledge that taboo terms can be uttered with greater ease in their second language (L2) than in their first language (L1). To investigate this phenomenon psychophysiologically, 32 Turkish–English bilinguals rated a variety of stimuli for pleasantness in Turkish (L1) and English (L2) while skin conductance was monitored via fingertip electrodes. Participants demonstrated greater autonomic arousal to taboo words and childhood reprimands (“Shame on you! ”) in their L1 compared to their L2. This finding provides quantifiable support for the subjective experiences of L2 speakers.
Personal project pursuit: Goals, action, and human flourishing.

Preface. Part 1. Personal Project Pursuit: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations. B.R. Little, Prompt and Circumstance: The Generative Contexts of Personal Projects Analysis. B.R. Little, T.L. Gee, The Methodology of Personal Projects Analysis: Four Modules and a Funnel. Part 2. Basic Processes of Project Pursuit: Internal Regulatory Functions. A.J. Elliott, R. Friedman, Approach-Avoidance: A Central Characteristic of Personal Goals. M. Riediger, Interference and Facilitation Among Personal Goals: Age Differences and Associations With Well-Being and Behavior. N.C. Chambers, Just Doing It: Affective Implications of Project Phrasing. I. McGregor, Personal Projects as Compensatory Convictions: Passionate Pursuit and the Fugitive Self. Part 3. Basic Processes of Project Pursuit: External-Contextual Functions. K. Salmela-Aro, B.R. Little, Relational Aspects of Project Pursuit. A.M. Grant, B.R. Little, S.D. Phillips, Personal Projects and Organizational Lives. A.M. Freund, Differentiating and Integrating Levels of Goal Representation: A Life-Span Perspective. M. Brandstatter, C.E. Lalonde, Personal Persistence and Personal Projects: Creating Personal and Cultural Continuity. Part 4. Projects, Goals, and the Varieties of Well-Being. B.S. Wiese, Successful Pursuit of Personal Goals and Subjective Well-Being. A.H. Peterman, L. Lecci, Personal Projects in Health and Illness. K.M. Sheldon, Considering "the Optimality of Personality": Goals, Self-Concordance, and Multilevel Personality Integration. B.R. Little, M.F. Joseph, Personal Projects and Free Traits: Mutable Selves and Well Beings. Part 5. The Continuing Pursuit: Conclusion and Future Directions. B.R. Little, A.M. Grant, The Sustainable Pursuit of Core Projects: Retrospect and Prospects.
Internet traffic load balancing using dynamic hashing with flow volume

Sending IP packets over multiple parallel links is in extensive use in today's Internet and its use is growing due to its scalability, reliability and cost-effectiveness. To maximize the efficiency of parallel links, load balancing is necessary among the links, but it may cause the problem of packet reordering. Since packet reordering impairs TCP performance, it is important to reduce the amount of reordering. Hashing offers a simple solution to keep the packet order by sending a flow over a unique link, but static hashing does not guarantee an even distribution of the traffic amount among the links, which could lead to packet loss under heavy load. Dynamic hashing offers some degree of load balancing but suffers from load fluctuations and excessive packet reordering. To overcome these shortcomings, we have enhanced the dynamic hashing algorithm to utilize the flow volume information in order to reassign only the appropriate flows. This new method, called dynamic hashing with flow volume (DHFV), eliminates unnecessary flow reassignments of small flows and achieves load balancing very quickly without load fluctuation by accurately predicting the amount of transferred load between the links. In this paper we provide the general framework of DHFV and address the challenges in implementing DHFV. We then introduce two algorithms of DHFV with different flow selection strategies and show their performances through simulation.
Codon usage: mutational bias, translational selection, or both?

7. Karimpour, I. , Cutler, M. , Shih, D. , Smith, J. and Kleene, K. (1992) DNA Cell Hiol. 11,693-699 8. Hill, K. E. , Lloyd, R. S. , Yang, J. G. , Read, R. and Hurk, R. F. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266,10050-10053 9. Burk, R. F. , Lawrence, R. A. and Lane, J. M. (1980) J. Clin. Invest. 65, 1024-1031 10. Rurk, R. F. , Hill, K. E. , Read, R. and Rellew, T. (1991) Am. J. Physiol. 261, E26-E30 11. Yang, J. G. , Morrison-Plummer, J. and Burk, R. F. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262,13372-1 3375 12. Read, R. , Bellew, T. , Yang, J. G. , Hill, K. E. , Palmer, I. S. and Burk, R. F. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 1789917905 13. Hill, K. E. , Lloyd, R. S. and Burk, R. F. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 537-541 14. Berry, M. J., Banu, L. , Chen, Y. , Mandel, S. J., Kieffer, J. D. , Harney, J. W. and Larsen, P. R. (1 99 1 ) Nature (London) 353,273-276 835
Operating systems should manage accelerators

The inexorable demand for computing power has lead to increasing interest in accelerator-based designs. An accelerator is specialized hardware unit that can perform a set of tasks with much higher performance or power efficiency than a general-purpose CPU. They may be embedded in the pipeline as a functional unit, as in SIMD instructions, or attached to the system as a separate device, as in a cryptographic co-processor. Current operating systems provide little support for accelerators: whether integrated into a processor or attached as a device, they are treated as CPU or a device and given no additional consideration. However, future processors may have designs that require more management by the operating system. For example, heterogeneous processors may only provision some cores with accelerators, and IBM's wire-speed processor allows user-mode code to launch computations on a shared accelerator without kernel involvement. In such systems, the OS can improve performance by allocating accelerator resources and scheduling access to the accelerator as it does for memory and CPU time. In this paper, we discuss the challenges presented by adopting accelerators as an execution resource managed by the operating system. We also present the initial design of our system, which provides flexible control over where and when code executes and can apply power and performance policies. It presents a simple software interface that can leverage new hardware interfaces as well as sharing of specialized units in a heterogeneous system.
The elite connection : problems and potential of Western democracy

Acknowledgements. Introduction. Part I: Elites and Classes: Bringing Elites Back In. 1. Why Class Theory has Overshadowed Elite Theory: A Matter of Coincidence. 2. Why Class Theory Should not have Overshadowed Elite Theory: A Matter of Democracy. Part II: The Autonomy of Elites and Western thought. 3. Democratic Elite Theory. 4. Other Theories: A Comparison. Part III: The Demo--Elite Perspective. 5. The Autonomy of Elites and Democracy. 6. Elite Autonomy Versus Co--operation and the Historical Development of Democracy. Part IV: The Autonomy of Elites and the Success (or Failure) of Democracy. 7. Stabilization Versus Breakdown of Democracy: The Cases of Britain and Germany. 8. Problems of Transition to Democracy in eastern Europe: The Cases of the Soviet Union and Poland. Part V: Meanwhile in the West: Problems and Potential of Democracy. 9. Elite Autonomy Under Siege and Problems of Western Democracy. 10. Social Protest Movements and the Potential of Western Democracy. Conclusion. References.
Use of a problem-based learning teaching model for undergraduate medical and nursing education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the problem-based learning (PBL) method as an alternative to conventional educational methods in Iranian undergraduate medical courses. Materials and methods We systematically searched international datasets banks, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, and internal resources of banks, including MagirIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, and Scientific Information Database (SID), using appropriate search terms, such as “PBL”, “problem-based learning”, “based on problems”, “active learning”, and“ learner centered”, to identify PBL studies, and these were combined with other key terms such as “medical”, “undergraduate”, “Iranian”, “Islamic Republic of Iran”, “I.R. of Iran”, and “Iran”. The search included the period from 1980 to 2016 with no language limits. Results Overall, a total of 1,057 relevant studies were initially found, of which 21 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Of the 21 studies, 12 (57.14%) had a high methodological quality. Considering the pooled effect size data, there was a significant difference in the scores (standardized mean difference [SMD]=0.80, 95% CI [0.52, 1.08], P<0.000) in favor of PBL, compared with the lecture-based method. Subgroup analysis revealed that using PBL alone is more favorable compared to using a mixed model with other learning methods such as lecture-based learning (LBL). Conclusion The results of this systematic review showed that using PBL may have a positive effect on the academic achievement of undergraduate medical courses. The results suggest that teachers and medical education decision makers give more attention on using this method for effective and proper training.
PID admittance control for an upper limb exoskeleton

The unique exoskeleton system (EXO-UL7) in UCSC is controlled in two levels. The lower-level uses standard PID control. Three force sensors in the upper-level send desired trajectories to the lower-level. The impedance/admittance control can is limit both internal and contact forces. It is impossible to design a model-based impedance/admittance control when the model of the exoskeleton is unavailable. In this paper, a model-free PID type admittance control is applied, whose parameters can be designed by human impedance properties. The inverse kinematics are required when the desired trajectories generated by admittance control in task space. It is difficult to solve the inverse kinematics problem especially when the robots are redundant, such as exoskeleton system. In this paper, we put both the upper-level PID admittance control and the lower-level linear PID control in task space. Novel sufficient conditions of semiglobal asymptotic stability are proposed via stability analysis in task space. These conditions give an explicit selection method of PID gains.
UCH‐L1 aggresome formation in response to proteasome impairment indicates a role in inclusion formation in Parkinson's disease

Aggresomes are associated with many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease, and polyglutamine disorders such as Huntington's disease. These inclusions commonly contain ubiquitylated proteins. The stage at which these proteins are ubiquitylated remains unclear. A malfunction of the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) may be associated with their formation. Conversely, it may reflect an unsuccessful attempt by the cell to remove them. Previously, we demonstrated that overexpression of Parkin, a ubiquitin‐protein ligase associated with autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinsonism, generates aggresome‐like inclusions in UPS compromised cells. Mutations in the de‐ubiquitylating enzyme, UCH‐L1, cause a rare form of Parkinsonism. We now demonstrate that overexpression of UCH‐L1 also forms ribbon‐like aggresomes in response to proteasomal inhibition. Disease‐associated mutations, which affect enzymatic activities, significantly increased the number of inclusions. UCH‐L1 aggresomes co‐localized with ubiquitylated proteins, HSP70, γ‐tubulin and, to a lesser extent, the 20S proteasome and the chaperone BiP. Similar to Parkin inclusions, we found UCH‐L1 aggresomes to be surrounded by a tubulin rather than a vimentin cage‐like structure. Furthermore, UCH‐L1 aggregates with Parkin and α‐synuclein in some, but not all inclusions, suggesting the heterogeneous nature of these inclusion bodies. This study provides additional evidence that aggregation‐prone proteins are likely to recruit UPS components in an attempt to clear proteins from failing proteasomes. Furthermore, UCH‐L1 accumulation is likely to play a pathological role in inclusion formation in Parkinson's disease.
Defining a Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for the Global Epidemiology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important human foodborne pathogen whose transmission is associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood, with a growing number of infections reported over recent years worldwide. A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database for V. parahaemolyticus was created in 2008, and a large number of clones have been identified, causing severe outbreaks worldwide (sequence type 3 [ST3]), recurrent outbreaks in certain regions (e.g., ST36), or spreading to other regions where they are nonendemic (e.g., ST88 or ST189). The current MLST scheme uses sequences of 7 genes to generate an ST, which results in a powerful tool for inferring the population structure of this pathogen, although with limited resolution, especially compared to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has become routine for trace back investigations, with core genome MLST (cgMLST) analysis as one of the most straightforward ways to explore complex genomic data in an epidemiological context. Therefore, there is a need to generate a new, portable, standardized, and more advanced system that provides higher resolution and discriminatory power among V. parahaemolyticus strains using WGS data. We sequenced 92 V. parahaemolyticus genomes and used the genome of strain RIMD 2210633 as a reference (with a total of 4,832 genes) to determine which genes were suitable for establishing a V. parahaemolyticus cgMLST scheme. This analysis resulted in the identification of 2,254 suitable core genes for use in the cgMLST scheme. To evaluate the performance of this scheme, we performed a cgMLST analysis of 92 newly sequenced genomes, plus an additional 142 strains with genomes available at NCBI. cgMLST analysis was able to distinguish related and unrelated strains, including those with the same ST, clearly showing its enhanced resolution over conventional MLST analysis. It also distinguished outbreak-related from non-outbreak-related strains within the same ST. The sequences obtained from this work were deposited and are available in the public database (http://pubmlst.org/vparahaemolyticus ). The application of this cgMLST scheme to the characterization of V. parahaemolyticus strains provided by different laboratories from around the world will reveal the global picture of the epidemiology, spread, and evolution of this pathogen and will become a powerful tool for outbreak investigations, allowing for the unambiguous comparison of strains with global coverage.
Utilising the social media and organisation policy (someop) framework: an example of organisational policy development within a public sector entity

Organisational policy development is vital for the effective business operations. Polices are developed and applied to specific areas or applications within the organisation; such that they are sited within an organisational context. Evidence suggests that the development of policies for general employment conditions, (for example, electronic mail usage), tends to be highly structured and provide little flexibility for their implementation. Standard organisational policy development is about applying a set of rules in the workplace. However, when implementing social media in an organisation, the standard policy development processes are not effective in allowing organisations to benefit from the available social media tools. Social media tools have the advantages of offering the organisation flexibility and rapid dispersion of information within the online environment. Hence, organisational policy development for social media usage needs to take these characteristics into account. There is a perceived gap concerning the development of policies for social media usage, as traditional organisational policy development enforces structure and rules that are at odds with the ways social media tools work in the organisation. To fill this gap, we have proposed the Social Media and Organisation Policy (SOMEOP) framework, created to allow organisations to build policies that take specific social media advantages or issues into consideration. By combining key components, such as legal issues, and social media ethics, this framework demonstrates effective and efficient development of social media policy. This paper highlights the processes involved for a public sector entity when developing a social media policy using the SOMEOP framework, and describes the application of the framework within the entity.
An unmet actin requirement explains the mitotic inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major internalisation route for many different receptor types in mammalian cells. CME is shut down during early mitosis, but the mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. Here we show that the mitotic shutdown is due to an unmet requirement for actin in CME. In mitotic cells, membrane tension is increased and this invokes a requirement for the actin cytoskeleton to assist the CME machinery to overcome the increased load. However, the actin cytoskeleton is engaged in the formation of a rigid cortex in mitotic cells and is therefore unavailable for deployment. We demonstrate that CME can be “restarted” in mitotic cells despite high membrane tension, by allowing actin to engage in endocytosis. Mitotic phosphorylation of endocytic proteins is maintained in mitotic cells with restored CME, indicating that direct phosphorylation of the CME machinery does not account for shutdown.
Grasping the essence of a science activity by using a model of pedagogical reasoning and action

ABSTRACT This article grasps the essence of how a science content can be foregrounded by elaborating around concepts as floating and sinking, in relation to boats. The data consist of a videotaped authentic session with one preschool teacher and four children. The model of pedagogical reason and action [Shulman, L. S. 1987. “Knowing and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform. ” Harvard Educational Review 57 (1): 1–23. doi:10.17763/haer.57. 1.j463w79r5645541] constitutes the analytical lens. The results show that the content is framed within a series of creative activities where children’s suggestions of how to act are crucial. The scientific content is approached according to the children’s verbalisations of their understandings. Furthermore, dialectical relationships become the main tool when making the content visible.
Philip Galanter Paper : XEPA : color and pattern algorithms for intelligent light sculptures

References: [1] Galanter, P., Computational aesthetic evaluation: past and future, in Computers and creativity, J. McCormack and M. d'Inverno, Editors. 2012, Springer: Berlin. [2] http://philipgalanter.com Abstract: Over the years generative artists have created art using systems such as genetic algorithms, reaction diffusion systems, cellular automata, artificial life, deterministic chaos, fractals, and Lindenmayer systems. While these systems can offer a seemingly unending stream of visuals and sound, they typically do so without discrimination, and they lack any self-critical functionality. This is most apparent in genetic or evolutionary systems where the fitness function is frequently not automated, and is simply the artist making manual interactive choices. Computational aesthetic evaluation remains an unsolved problem. Only when computer-based systems are both generative and self-critical will they be worthy of consideration as being truly creative. XEPA is the name of both the art project and individual intelligent sculptures that display animated colored light and produce music and sound. XEPA is an acronym for “XEPA Emerging Performance Artist. ” Each XEPA “watches” the others (via data radio) and modifies its own aesthetic behaviour to create a collaborative improvisational performance. In doing so each XEPA independently evaluates the aesthetics of the other sculptures, infers a theme or mood being attempted, and then modifies its own aesthetics to better reinforce that theme. Each performance is unique, and a wide variety of themes and moods can be explored. After a system overview, some of the algorithms used in XEPA for color scheme selection and pattern generation are presented. In particular attention is given to the creation of “painterly” color palettes, complex patterns, and emergent synchronization.