Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Symmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithm

Any general communication which is carried out between humans for exchanging thoughts and knowledge can be understood by anyone who knows that language. It is called plain text, so we bother to make such a scheme which converts this general message into a coded message which can be understudied by only authorized people. So we need to hide the information which is written into general message, from those who are not intended, even they can see the coded data . Cryptography can be stated as the art and science of transforming the message into coded form to make them secure and immune to attacks which reveals its secrecy. Cryptography is basically affiliated with the information security, Computer system security and engineering, cryptography is used in all kind of advance application technology like ATM, online banking, online trading. Cryptography has its two basic forms i.e. one is symmetric key cryptography and other is asymmetric key cryptography. An Asymmetric key algorithm uses two keys, one is public and other is private key both are used for encryption and decryption, and symmetric key cryptography algorithms are quick and most commonly used, In symmetric key algorithms single key is used for both encryption and decryption, this is also called secret key which is shared between both sender and receiver. Some common symmetric key algorithms are DES, RC2.RC4, and IDEA etc. This paper describes an new symmetric key algorithm which uses basic additive cipher and some new component to encrypt the information. We provide both algorithms for encryptions and decryption. The advantage of this algorithm over others is also explained. Categories & subject descriptors [Cryptography & Steganography]: A New Algorithm. General Terms Algorithms, Design, Security.
Do Consumers Respond to Short-Term Innovations in School Productivity? Evidence From the Housing Market and Parents’ School Choices

There is scant evidence on the impact of short-term innovations in school quality on either hedonic prices or parents’ school choices. Employing a new measure of school quality, inspection ratings, I first demonstrate that changes in ratings are related to changes in underlying school productivity. Exploiting a novel empirical strategy, which relies on the exogenous temporal variation in the release of the ratings, I find robust evidence of the impact of changes in ratings on house prices as well as parents’ school choice decisions. There is no evidence of a direct effect of short-term changes in test scores on house prices or school choices. Overall, this study suggests that by usefully summarizing readily available but noisy school productivity data, ratings help alleviate a critical information constraint faced by consumers. JEL: H4, I20, R21
VIACORPO – VIAGEM PELO CORPO HUMANO: UM RPG EDUCACIONAL PARA APOIOÀ APRENDIZAGEM DE CIÊNCIAS NO ENSINO BÁSICO

Resumo. Este artigo descreve o jogo educacional Viagem pelo Corpo Humano, estilo RPG (Role-Playing Game) para o apoio a aprendizagem dos conceitos de fisiologia do corpo humano, destinado aos alunos da educação básica. O jogo foi desenvolvido em linguagem JAVA, utilizando a biblioteca JME (Java Monkey Engine), que permite aos jogadores interagir em um mundo virtual que representa os órgãos e sistemas do corpo humano. Este jogo possui os módulos digestório, respiratório, circulatório, nervoso, excretor e reprodutivo. Cada etapa ou fase do jogo será baseada em um destes sistemas. Os alunos deverão resolver alguns desafios que exijam conhecimentos prévios ou obtidos durante a interação com o jogo, incentivando a compreensão de conceitos de uma forma lúdica e divertida. Ao enfrentar desafios, os alunos farão uso de estratégias cognitivas avaliando e revisando seus conhecimentos sobre cada conjunto de estruturas do corpo (tecidos, órgãos e sistemas). O jogo será disponibilizado para download, estando em fase final de testes internos, e sua disponibilização levará à segunda etapa da pesquisa, em que será realizada a avaliação do impacto da utilização do jogo no interesse despertado nos estudantes sobre os diversos temas apresentado. Planeja-se um estudo envolvendo estudantes e professores, realizando avaliações qualitativas sobre a utilização do jogo como ferramenta de apoio a aprendizagem de ciências.
Wrist Rehabilitation Robot System and Its Effectiveness for Patients

The authors have developed a practical wrist rehabilitation robot for hemiplegic patients. It consists of a desk equipped with mechanical rotating handle grips, sensors, a computer, and a display. Myoelectric sensors, which are bioelectric signal detectors, are used to monitor the extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis muscle and flexor carpi radialis muscle activity during training. Training effectiveness is ensured by monitoring the extension and flexion of the appropriate muscles. A feature of the system is that it operates as a dual-wrist system, developed to mirror the training between wrists, making autonomous training of either wrist possible. A user-friendly touch screen interface is provided; the screen displays progress data and images to encourage the patients towards completion of the necessary rehabilitation tasks critical to facilitate recovery. The developed robotic system is relatively compact and portable. The effectiveness of this system has been confirmed through clinical trials, and motivational effectiveness has been confirmed through electroencephalography (EEG)-based evaluation and direct survey.
The Role of Complexity in Visual Perception: Some Results and Perspectives

— In the last years, there has been a change of perspective in approaching some information processing problems: from functional to human perception perspective. In this work, some information theoretic concepts concerning information complexity will be revised and used as formal model for human visual perception based approaches that have been used for solving some image and video processing problems, as for example restoration, detection, tracking and visual quality assessment.
Remarks on the new earthworm taxa described by Aladesida and Owa in 2015 from Nigeria (Clitellata: Megadrili)

The earthworm fauna of tropical Africa is clearly understudied. This is mainly due to the lack of local earthworm researchers. Nigeria is an exception in this regard with an excellent earthworm researcher A.O. Segun and his successor S.O. Owa describing some 30 earthworm species belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Recently, Aladesida & Ova (2015) published descriptions of four new earthworm genera and species; Adodrilus stephana (Megascolecidae), Ekitidrilus alabataensis, Paranematogenia eyinwaensis (Ocnerodrilidae), and Imekodrilus hexagastricus (Moniligastridae). Examining the type material of the new taxa deposited in the Natural History Museum, London revealed that Adodrilus stephana Aladesida & Ova, 2015 is a synonym of Gordiodrilus robustus Beddard, 1892, Ekitidrilus alabataensis Aladesida & Ova, 2015 represents a nomen nudum. Due to the juvenile state of the types, the names Imekodrilus hexagastricus Aladesida & Ova, 2015 represent a nomen dubium in the family Ocnerodrilidae and Paranematogenia eyinwaensis a nomen dubium in the family Eudrilidae. To prevent further nomenclatural problems, lectotypes for Adodrilus stephana and Paranematogenia eyinwaensis were designated.
Employment Strategies to Respond to COVID-19: Characterizing Input-Output Linkages of a Targeted Sector

At present, the world is facing an unprecedented employment challenge due to the COVID-19 pandemic. ILO (2020) expects the largest amount of youth unemployment at the global level to take place in manufacturing, real estate, wholesale, and accommodation sectors. This paper aims to produce information for employment strategy development in China, Japan, India, Russia, Germany, Turkey, UK and USA, which together account for about 60 percent of the world GDP. A novel method is introduced to identify critical input-output backward and froward linkages of a targeted sector. Based on the linkages identiﬁed, sectoral dependencies and pathways of interactions in a production system are characterized to uncover critical information for the design of employment policy interventions. Manufacturing is found to be top priority sector to be targeted in all the eight countries, followed by real estate and wholesale sectors, and these sectors should be coupled with isolated communities of sectors to capture external employment eﬀects. ————————————————
A Systems View on Non-Normal Transient Growth in Thermoacoustics

The present thesis investigates the dynamics of non-normal transient growth of a simple thermoacoustic system from a systems perspective. The occurrence of optimal non-normal transient growth around a stable fix point is shown to be highly improbable. Despite the possibility of encountering suboptimal non-normal transient growth, its magnitude is small and may not play an important role in the process of triggering a linearly stable thermoacoustic system to a nonlinear oscillating state.
Some observations on strong-motion earthquake measurement using a digital accelerograph

This paper presents results of a study of some of the characteristics of a PDR-1 digital strong-motion accelerograph. Results are presented for laboratory tests of the background noise level of the instrument, and these results are compared with previously reported observations for optical instruments. Noise levels for the digital instrument are found to be one or two orders of magnitude lower than for an analog optimal instrument. The paper discusses determination of displacement from acceleration data, and results of laboratory tests are presented. An instrument anomaly in the FBA-13 transducer is identified, a simple data correction algorithm proposed, and examples given. The paper also presents detailed results of a comparison of earthquake records obtained from side-by-side digital and optical analog instruments during an aftershock of the 1983 Coalinga earthquake.
Dr. Oskar Fischer’s Curious Little Alzheimer’s Germ Current Opinions in Neurological Science

Alois Alzheimer might have mentioned plaques and tangles in a single short paper on pre-senile dementia in 1907 but it was the co-discover of Alzheimer’s disease, Oskar Fischer, who in that same year far more extensively reported neuritic plaque in 12 cases of senile dementia, a condition which he and many others refused to differentiate from Alzheimer’s “pre-senile” dementia. Fischer, Alzheimer’s great rival, speculated that for the most part these plaques, found only in senile demented patients, caused their dementia. Moreover, Fischer felt such cerebral plaque to be the result of an infection and was very specific as to the sort of infection that might be involved. He felt that he had spotted, throughout his Alzheimer’s brain autopsies, a tubercular-like Actinobacteria then called Streptothrix (Actinomycosis), often and repeatedly confused with the filamentous cell-wall-deficient (CWD) forms of the tubercular bacilli. At this point for Fischer, this was the possible infectious cause of Alzheimer’s. To be sure, Oskar Fischer was the first on re cord to suggest that chronic infection might be causative for what we today call Alzheimer’s disease. Fischer’s infectious view never gained immediate popularity, although today, more than a century later, a volume of data supporting such an approach has begun to accumulate. But was Fischer’s specific microbe on the right track to discovering the cause of Alzheimer’s to begin with? Documents uncovered since then seem to suggest that he was considerably closer than anyone else –either then or since. Amyloidosis: neurofibrillary
The Effect of Online Feedback Mechanisms in Electronic Markets: The Effect of Online Feedback Mechanisms in Electronic Markets: A Field Study Perspective A Field Study Perspective

: Online feedback mechanism, best known right now for building trust and reputation in electronic markets, are regarded as a major player in the success of many online trading communities. It can reduce sellers’ anonymities, mitigate the buyers’ risks, and affect the price premiums. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between feedback mechanisms and price premiums by the analysis of field data. An intelligent agent is build to collect actual data from Yahoo Auction. The research results will also allow us to better understand whether positive/negative rating has different effects. It may also clarify mediating effects of product characteristics on the relationship between reputation systems and price premiums.
A high‐gain dual‐band directional/omnidirectional reconfigurable antenna for WLAN systems

A high‐gain dual‐band antenna for the wireless local area network system is presented in this article. Two symmetrical linear arrays can be dynamically reconfigured that could switch radiation pattern with a switchable feed circuit between direction and omnidirection. The antenna can also be used for a pattern diversity antenna for the multiple‐input–multiple‐output communication systems. The design process for the antenna system is given, and the parameters and characteristics of the antennas are achieved by the method. Measured return losses, isolation, and radiation patterns are in good agreement with the simulated ones, which illustrates that the method is valid and the antenna system can be integrated with pattern reconfigurable and pattern diversity applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2008.
A meta-analysis of bias at baseline in RCTs of attention bias modification: no evidence for dot-probe bias towards threat in clinical anxiety and PTSD.

Background: Considerable effort and funding have been spent on developing Attention Bias Modification (ABM) as a treatment for anxiety disorders, theorized to exert therapeutic effects through reduction of a tendency to orient attention towards threat. However, meta-analytical evidence that clinical anxiety is characterized by threat-related attention bias is thin. The largest meta-analysis to date included dot-probe data for n=337 clinically anxious individuals. Baseline measures of biased attention obtained in ABM RCTs form an additional body of data that has not previously been meta-analyzed. Method: This paper presents a meta-analysis of threat-related dot-probe bias measured at baseline for 1005 clinically anxious individuals enrolled in 13 ABM RCTs.Results: Random-effects meta-analysis indicated no evidence that the mean bias index (BI) differed from zero (k= 13, n= 1005, mean BI = 1.8 ms, SE = 1.26 ms, p = .144, 95% CI [-0.6 - 4.3]. Additional Bayes factor analyses also supported the point-zero hypothesis (BF10 = .23), whereas interval-based analysis indicated that mean bias in clinical anxiety is unlikely to extend beyond the 0 to 5 ms interval. Discussion: Findings are discussed with respect to strengths (relatively large samples, possible bypassing of publication bias), limitations (lack of control comparison, repurposing data, specificity to dot-probe data), and theoretical and practical context. We suggest that it should no longer be assumed that clinically anxious individuals are characterized by selective attention towards threat. Conclusion: Clinically anxious individuals enrolled in RCTs for Attention Bias Modification are not characterized by threat-related attention bias at baseline.
Circulating markers of vascular damage as predictors of cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis and metabolic disorders

The article presents the results of cluster analysis of the contribution of immune inflammation and endothelial dysfunction (ED) markers to the frequency and severity of cardiovascular events (CVE) in cohorts of patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis (AAS), coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) during a 3-year prospective observation. Results Circulating markers of ED and immune inflammation, such as ET-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, antibodies to collagen type I and III, and antibodies to chondroitine sulfate (CS) contribute to cardiovascular (CV) manifestation in AAS. In CAD patients ET-1, eNOs, antibodies to collagen, as well as IL-6 and vWf are the main contributors. clinical manifestation CAD, the set of markers associated with and vWf, and the presence of anti-C and anti-ChS; in AAS/MS patients, the key markers are IL-1β, TNF-α, anti-C, anti-ChS, anti-HA, and CRP. In CAD without MS, the cluster of markers associated with adverse events includes ET-1, eNOs and anti-HA; in CAD/MS it includes anti-C, ET-1, and IL-6. Conclusion. The obtained results confirm the role of systemic inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis-associated angiopathy in coronary pathology and disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, and also suggest a set of circulating markers as predictors of adverse CVE.
Modeling the barriers of green supply chain management in small and medium enterprises

Purpose Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) of Indian clothing industry have become one of the most important cogs of global fashion supply chain. However, the implementation of green practices is still in the nascent stage. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the important barriers of green supply chain management in Indian clothing SMEs. Design/methodology/approach A total of 36 barriers related to green supply chain management (GSCM) practices were identified through exhaustive literature review. Then ten important barriers were shortlisted through questionnaire survey among supply chain practitioners using five-point Likert scale. Finally, interpretive structural modeling technique was used to decipher the contextual relationships among these barriers. Findings Complexity of green process and system design and lack of support from regulatory authorities were found to be the barriers having the maximum driving power. Lack of consumer support and high investment and low economic benefits were also found to be important barriers in the way of green practices implementation in clothing SMEs. In contrast, lack of reward systems for suppliers, uncertainty of green outcome, lack of green materials, process and technology and lack of flexibility to switch over to green system were the dependent barriers. Originality/value The important barriers of GSCM practices in Indian clothing SMEs have been identified and analyzed. The finding will be helpful in making the Indian clothing SMEs environmentally sustainable by eliminating the important barriers.
MIROBIAL PROFILE OF SOME EGYPTIAN TRADITIONAL FOODS AS AFFECTED BY STORAGE

The safety of ready-to-eat foods is an important topic in today's life. Improper handling of ready-to-eat food items may result in foodborne outbreaks. In this study, koshari, vegetable salad and couscous were selected as the target ready-to-eat foods for a microbiological survey. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of koshari, vegetable salad and couscous sold in Zagazig shops in Sharkia Governorate. A total of 39 samples were collected from food stores in winter and summer seasons. They were tested for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms causing food poisoning ( Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., enterococci and staphylococci), spoilage microorganisms (fungi and yeasts), total aerobic viable counts, lactic acid bacteria and coliform groups. The study also aimed to monitor the population changes of the previous microbial groups during the storage of these foods at refrigerator temperature (5 – 7ºC) and abuse conditions of room temperature (22±2 ºC) . By comparing the three tested foods, generally vegetable salad had the highest microbial populations, followed by koshari, then couscous. The numbers of Salmonella and Shigella were 6.15, 5.47and 4.89 log cfu/g in summer for vegetable salad, koshari and couscous, respectively. Also, the average microbial counts in summer are clearly higher than those in winter. Generally, the microbial numbers kept increasing for several days, then started to decrease. For most microbial groups, the peak of their numbers were at days 5, 3-5 and 6-8 for koshari, vegetable salad and couscous, respectively. By looking at microbial numbers changes in vegetable salad stored in refrigerator, enterococci increased up to 2.26 log cfu/g after 5 days, staphylococci increased up to 0.12 log cfu/g after 1 day, coliforms increased up to 0.77 log cfu/g after 3 days and Salmonella and Shigella increased up to 0.45 log cfu/g after 2 days. All of these groups started to decrease thereafter. Based on the current results, it is higher recommended to follow routine inspections and training of vendors to improve the microbiological quality of food products.
Lumbar Posterior Muscle and Local Kyphosis in Patients with Degenerative Thoracolumbar Kyphosis: A Case-Control Study

Purpose: To explore the relationship between thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), body mass index (BMI) and the content of lumbar posterior muscles in patients with degenerative thoracolumbar kyphosis (DTLK) combined with lumbar stenosis syndrome (LSS). Methods: 126 patients with DTLK and LSS (DTLK group) and 87 patients with simple LSS (control group) were retrospectively included with well-matched demographics. TLK and lumbar lordosis (LL) were obtained on the X-ray of the whole spine. Lumbar crossing indentation value (LCIV) was introduced to evaluate the content of the lumbar muscles, with was measured from T12-L1 to L4-L5 at T2-MRI axial imaging. Three subgroups of normal weight, overweight and obesity were respectively divided into in both groups according to BMI. Three subgroups of increased LL, normal LL normal and decreased LL were also divided into in DTLK group.Results: The mean LCIV (mLCIV) of the DTLK group was less than control group and LCIV showed an increasing trend in DTLK group from T12-L1 to L4-L5. Different from control group, there were no significances in gender and BMI distribution of mLCIV in DTLK group (P>0.05). LCIV in increased LL subgroup was larger than that of normal LL and less LL subgroup (P<0.01). There were no relationship between TLK and BMI in both groups. BMI was positively correlated with mLCIV in control group(P=0.004). TLK and LCIV were negatively correlated (P<0.001) in DTLK group with LCIV=13.75-0.48×TLK.Conclusion: LCIV in DTLK group was less than control group with no gender- and BMI-difference. LCIV and TLK were mutually predictable in DTLK with LCIV=13.75-0.48×TLK.
Authentication Mechanisms For Signature Based Cryptography By Using Hierarchical Scheme.

— In this paper the signature of a person is taken as input which is encrypted using hierarchical visual cryptography. By using HVC the input signature will be divided into four shares. From that any three are taken to generate key share. Another fragmentation should handover to the authenticated server. The authenticated server should maintain the generated key and fourth fragmentation. Only the authorized user can be accessed. If the receiver identifies the fourth fragmentation and decrypt they got message by using HVC. It is insecure process because anybody can hack the decrypted message easily. For the secure process the authenticated server generate a password while transferring a message. The authenticated person can only able to got that message. The authenticated server checks whether the person should be authorized user or not, while starting their conversation. It provides more security and challenged for the hackers.