Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prescription drug coverage and effective coverage of three chronic conditions of high prevalence in Chile: Hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia

Background Access to medicines is a serious problem globally and in Chile. Despite the creation of coverage policies, part of the population with chronic conditions of high prevalence, still does not have access to the medicines it requires and disease control continues to be low. The objective of the study was to estimate the medication use and effective coverage for diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension in Chile, analyzing them according to sociodemographic variables and social determinants of health. Methods Cross-sectional analytical study with information from the 2016–2017 National Health Survey (sample = 6,233 people aged 15 years or older, expanded = 14,518,969). Descriptive analyses of medication use and effective coverage for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were carried out, and multivariate logistic regression models were developed to analyze possible associations with variables of interest. Results 60% of people with hypertension or diabetes use medications and only 27.7% in dyslipidemia. While 54.2% of those with diabetes have their glycemia controlled, in hypertension and dyslipidemia the effective coverage drops to 33.3% and 6.6%, respectively. There are no differences in use by health system, but there are differences in the control of hypertension and diabetes, favoring beneficiaries of the private subsystem. Effective coverage of dyslipidemia and hypertension also increases in those using medications. The drugs coincide with the established protocols, although beneficiaries of the private sector report greater use of innovative drugs. Conclusion A significant proportion of Chileans with hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidemia still do not use the required medications and do not control their conditions.
Xijiao Dihuang Decoction Protects Against Murine Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Apoptosis via Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB and Activating PI3K/AKT Pathway

Background Xijiao Dihuang decoction (XJDHT), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat patients with sepsis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of XJDHT on cardiac dysfunction have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the potential utility of XJDHT in protecting against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury. Methods The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and administered Lipopolysaccharide (LPS,10 mg/kg) or equivalent saline solution (control) and treated with XJDHT (10 g/kg/day) or saline by gavage for 72 hours. XJDHT was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride and administered at 200 μL per mouse. Transthoracic echocardiography, RNA-seq, TUNEL assays and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of cardiac tissues were performed. Results Treatment with XJDHT significantly enhanced myocardial function and attenuated pathological change, infiltration of inflammatory cells, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and expression of TLR4 and NF-κB in mice with sepsis. RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses identified 531 differentially expressed genes and multiple enriched signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further, XJDHT attenuated cardiac apoptosis and decreased Bax protein expression while increasing protein levels of Bcl-2, PI3K, and p-AKT in cardiac tissues of mice with sepsis. Conclusion In summary, XJDHT improves cardiac function in a murine model of sepsis by attenuating cardiac inflammation and apoptosis via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Radiological outcomes following surgical fixation with wires versus moulded cast for patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius: a radiographic analysis from the DRAFFT2 trial

Aims The primary aim of this study was to report the radiological outcomes of patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture who were randomized to a moulded cast or surgical fixation with wires following manipulation and closed reduction of their fracture. The secondary aim was to correlate radiological outcomes with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the year following injury. Methods Participants were recruited as part of DRAFFT2, a UK multicentre clinical trial. Participants were aged 16 years or over with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture, and were eligible for the trial if they needed a manipulation of their fracture, as recommended by their treating surgeon. Participants were randomly allocated on a 1:1 ratio to moulded cast or Kirschner wires after manipulation of the fracture in the operating theatre. Standard posteroanterior and lateral radiographs were performed in the radiology department of participating centres at the time of the patient’s initial assessment in the emergency department and six weeks postoperatively. Intraoperative fluoroscopic images taken at the time of fracture reduction were also assessed. Results Patients treated with surgical fixation with wires had less dorsal angulation of the radius versus those treated in a moulded cast at six weeks after manipulation of the fracture; the mean difference of -4.13° was statistically significant (95% confidence interval 5.82 to -2.45). There was no evidence of a difference in radial shortening. However, there was no correlation between these radiological measurements and PROMs at any timepoint in the 12 months post-injury. Conclusion For patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture treated with a closed manipulation, surgical fixation with wires leads to less dorsal angulation on radiographs at six weeks compared with patients treated in a moulded plaster cast alone. However, the difference in dorsal angulation was small and did not correlate with patient-reported pain and function. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(2):132–138.
Distinct clinical characteristics in stage III rectal cancer among different age groups and treatment outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy

Background: There is a rapidly increasing incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) which threatens the survival of young people, while aging also represents a challenging clinical problem. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the differences in the clinical characteristics and prognosis in stage III rectal cancer (RC), to help optimize treatment strategies. Design and methods: This study included 757 patients with stage III RC, all of whom received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and total mesorectal excision. The whole cohort was categorized as very early onset (VEO, ⩽30 years old), early onset (EO, >30 years old, ⩽50 years old), intermediate onset (IO, >50 years, ⩽70 years), or late onset (LO, >70 years old). Results: There were more female VEO patients than males, more mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, pre-treatment cT4 stage, and higher pre-treatment serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 compared with the other three groups. VEO patients had the worst survival with the highest RC-related mortality (34.5%), recurrence (13.8%), and metastasis (51.7%). LO patients had the highest non-RC-related mortality rate (16.6%). The Cox regression model showed VEO was a negative independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival [DFS, hazard ratio (HR): 2.830, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.633–4.904, p < 0.001], distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS, HR: 2.969, 95% CI: 1.720–5.127, p < 0.001), overall survival (OS, HR: 2.164, 95% CI: 1.102–4.249, p = 0.025), and cancer-specific survival (CSS, HR: 2.321, 95% CI: 1.145–4.705, p = 0.020). LO was a negative independent factor on DFS (HR: 1.800, 95% CI: 1.113–2.911, p = 0.017), DMFS (HR: 1.903, 95% CI: 1.150–3.149, p = 0.012), OS (HR: 2.856, 95% CI: 1.745–4.583, p < 0.001), and CSS (HR: 2.248, 95% CI: 1.282–3.942, p = 0.005). VEO patients had better survival in the total neoadjuvant therapy-like (TNT-like) pattern on DFS (p = 0.039). IO patients receiving TNT-like patterns had better survival on DFS, OS, and CSS (p = 0.006, p = 0.018, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: In stage III RC, VEO patients exhibited unique clinicopathological characteristics, with VEO a negative independent prognostic factor for DFS, DMFS, OS, and CSS. VEO and IO patients may benefit from a TNT-like treatment pattern.
Immediate crossover fatigue after unilateral submaximal eccentric contractions of the knee flexors involves peripheral alterations and increased global perceived fatigue

After a unilateral muscle exercise, the performance of the non-exercised contralateral limb muscle can be also impaired. This crossover fatigue phenomenon is still debated in the literature and very few studies have investigated the influence of eccentric contractions. This study was designed to assess neuromuscular adaptations involved in the crossover fatigue of the non-exercised contralateral knee flexor muscles. Seventeen healthy young men performed a unilateral submaximal eccentric exercise of the right knee flexors until a 20% reduction in maximal voluntary isometric contraction torque was attained in the exercised limb. Before (PRE), immediately after exercise cessation (POST) and 24 hours later (POST24), neuromuscular function and perceived muscle soreness were measured in both the exercised limb and non-exercised limb. In addition, global perceived fatigue was assessed at each measurement time. At POST, significant reductions in maximal voluntary isometric contraction were observed in the exercised limb (-28.1%, p < 0.001) and in the non-exercised limb (-8.5%, p < 0.05), evidencing crossover fatigue. At POST, voluntary activation decreased in the exercised limb only (-6.0%, p < 0.001), while electrically evoked potentiated doublet torque was impaired in both the exercised limb and the non-exercised limb (-11.6%, p = 0.001). In addition, global perceived fatigue significantly increased at POST (p < 0.001). At POST24, all measured variables returned to PRE values, except for perceived muscle soreness scores exhibiting greater values than PRE (p < 0.05). A possible cumulative interaction between peripheral alterations and global perceived fatigue may account for the immediate crossover fatigue observed in the non-exercised limb.
Treatment and Management of Acinetobacter Pneumonia: Lessons Learned from Recent World Event

Abstract Acinetobacter pneumonia is a significant healthcare-associated infection that poses a considerable challenge to clinicians due to its multidrug-resistant nature. Recent world events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the need for effective treatment and management strategies for Acinetobacter pneumonia. In this review, we discuss lessons learned from recent world events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, in the context of the treatment and management of Acinetobacter pneumonia. We performed an extensive literature review to uncover studies and information pertinent to the topic. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the importance of infection control measures in healthcare settings, including proper hand hygiene, isolation protocols, and personal protective equipment use, to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens like Acinetobacter. Additionally, the pandemic highlighted the crucial role of antimicrobial stewardship programs in optimizing antibiotic use and curbing the emergence of resistance. Advances in diagnostic techniques, such as rapid molecular testing, have also proven valuable in identifying Acinetobacter infections promptly. Furthermore, due to the limited availability of antibiotics for treating infections caused A. baumannii, alternative strategies are needed like the use of antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages and their enzymes, nanoparticles, photodynamic and chelate therapy. Recent world events, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, have provided valuable insights into the treatment and management of Acinetobacter pneumonia. These lessons emphasize the significance of infection control, antimicrobial stewardship, and early diagnostics in combating this challenging infection.
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Leading to Abdominal Wall Mass in Young Patient

Background Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis has arguably been the largest killer of humans historically, and it remains one of the most important infectious causes of death in the world. Tuberculosis can be classified into different forms and it manifests as pulmonary and out pulmonary, respectively, in 85% and 15% of cases. Only a few cases of tuberculosis with abdominal wall involvement have been reported. Case Presentation. Herein, we present a 27-year-old Persian woman, presented with asymmetric abdominal bulging in the right side of the periumbilical area since 6 months before admission that has no pain or secretion. The patient was oriented and not ill or toxic in general appearance. Vital signs were within normal ranges. An abdominal physical examination revealed a mobile, well-bordered, nontender mass 3 × 3 centimeter (cm) in diameter palpated in the right periumbilical area. The patient underwent surgery which revealed a cystic lesion that was carefully resected. In histopathology examination of the specimen resection, tuberculosis was confirmed. Conclusion We report a rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that was identified at the abdominal wall. Due to the high number of cases of TB and the development of extrapulmonary forms that can present in an unusual location as an abdominal wall which are difficult to diagnose, it is very important to keep in mind the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Modeling multidomain hydraulic properties of shrink‐swell soils

Shrink‐swell soils crack and become compacted as they dry, changing properties such as bulk density and hydraulic conductivity. Multidomain models divide soil into independent realms that allow soil cracks to be incorporated into classical flow and transport models. Incongruously, most applications of multidomain models assume that the porosity distributions, bulk density, and effective saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil are constant. This study builds on a recently derived soil shrinkage model to develop a new multidomain, dual‐permeability model that can accurately predict variations in soil hydraulic properties due to dynamic changes in crack size and connectivity. The model only requires estimates of soil gravimetric water content and a minimal set of parameters, all of which can be determined using laboratory and/or field measurements. We apply the model to eight clayey soils, and demonstrate its ability to quantify variations in volumetric water content (as can be determined during measurement of a soil water characteristic curve) and transient saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks (as can be measured using infiltration tests). The proposed model is able to capture observed variations in Ks of one to more than two orders of magnitude. In contrast, other dual‐permeability models assume that Ks is constant, resulting in the potential for large error when predicting water movement through shrink‐swell soils. Overall, the multidomain model presented here successfully quantifies fluctuations in the hydraulic properties of shrink‐swell soil matrices, and are suitable for use in physical flow and transport models based on Darcy's Law, the Richards Equation, and the advection‐dispersion equation.
A novel histone exchange factor , protein phosphatase 2 C γ , mediates the exchange and dephosphorylation of H 2 A – H 2 B

In eukaryotic nuclei, DNA is wrapped around a protein octamer containing two copies of each of the core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, forming nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin (Luger et al., 1997). Nucleosomes are assembled with the assistance of chaperones or assembly complexes. During de novo nucleosome assembly, DNA is fi rst wrapped around the H3–H4 tetramer before the addition of two H2A–H2B dimers (Loyola and Almouzni, 2004). Once assembled, these core histones are tightly bound to DNA, and the interactions must be loosened or remodeled to allow the access of molecular machineries (e.g., polymerases) to DNA. In living cells, the histone–DNA interaction and chromatin structure are expected to be continually altered during transcription, genome duplication, and damage recovery, and the remodeling of chromatin is often associated with histone exchange (Belotserkovskaya and Reinberg, 2004; Flaus and Owen-Hughes, 2004; Loyola and Almouzni, 2004; Henikoff and Ahmad, 2005; Kimura, 2005). On the other hand, nucleosome contexts on specifi c loci must be preserved to maintain epigenetic marks on histone tails (Turner, 2002). The modifi cation of histones, including acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation, plays essential roles in chromatin functions such as gene expression and chromosome segregation. Thus, fl uidity and stability seem to be well balanced in nucleosomes in living cells. Early studies of histone deposition and exchange in living cells used radiochemical labeling. The stable association of [H]arginine-labeled H3–H4 with chromatin was demonstrated by cell fusion (Manser et al., 1980). In a series of studies analyzing the deposition of the newly synthesized radio-labeled histones into nucleosomes, it was found that linker histone A novel histone exchange factor, protein phosphatase 2Cγ, mediates the exchange and dephosphorylation of H2A–H2B
Nonlinear Feature Normalization for Hyperspectral Domain Adaptation and Mitigation of Nonlinear Effects

Domain adaptation in remote sensing aims at the automatic knowledge transfer between a set of multitemporal and multisource images. This process is often impaired by nonlinear effects in the data, e.g., varying illumination conditions, different viewing angles, and geometry-dependent reflection. In this paper, we introduce the Nonlinear Feature Normalization (NFN), a fast and robust way to align the spectral characteristics of multiple hyperspectral data sets. NFN employs labeled training spectra for the different classes in an image to describe the corresponding underlying low-dimensional manifold structure. A linear basis for data representation is defined by arbitrary class reference vectors, and the image is aligned to the new basis in the same space. This results in samples of the same class being pulled closer together and samples of different classes pushed apart. NFN transforms the data in its original domain, preserving physical interpretability. We use the continuous invertibility of NFN to derive the NFN Alignment (NFNalign) transformation, which can be used for domain adaptation, by transforming one data set to the domain of a chosen reference. The evaluation is performed on multiple hyperspectral data sets as well as our new benchmark for multitemporal hyperspectral data. In a first step, we show that the NFN transformation successfully mitigates nonlinear effects by comparing classification of the linear Spectral Angle Mapper on original and transformed data. Finally, we demonstrate successful domain adaptation with NFNalign by applying it to the task of hyperspectral data preprocessing. The evaluation shows that our approach for alignment of multitemporal data produces high-spectral similarity and successfully allows knowledge transfer, e.g., of classifier models and training data.
Asociación de la exposición ocupacional a plaguicidas organofosforados con el daño oxidativo y actividad de acetilcolinesterasa

espanolLos plaguicidas organofosforados (POF) poseen una accion anticolinesterasica utilizada como indicador de intoxicacion cronica del trabajador agricola por POF. En esta poblacion, los POF pueden actuar como pro-oxidantes, afectando la actividad de las enzimas antioxidantes y probablemente generar danos cronicos. Objetivo. Determinar la influencia de la exposicion ocupacional a POF sobre el dano oxidativo y actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en trabajadores agricolas. Metodologia. Se realizo un estudio observacional, analitico, retrospectivo y comparativo en 45 trabajadores del Comite de Sanidad Vegetal de Durango A.C. (CESAVEDAC). Se evaluo la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa lipoperoxidacion y capacidad antioxidante total en plasma, ademas de evaluar las concentraciones de colesterol, trigliceridos, glucosa. Resultados. El dano oxidativo se asocia a la exposicion a POF (p=0.003) siendo 3.21 veces mayor el riesgo de desarrollar dano oxidativo en el grupo expuesto a POF, ademas existe una asociacion entre la inhibicion de acetilcolinesterasa y la exposicion a POF (p=0.01) siendo 2.92 veces mayor el riesgo de presentar dicha inhibicion con respecto al grupo no expuesto. Conclusiones. Existe una influencia negativa de la exposicion ocupacional a POF sobre el dano oxidativo y la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa en la poblacion de trabajadores agricolas estudiada. EnglishAssociation of occupational exposure to pesticides organophosphate oxidative damage and activity acetylcholinesterase. Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are considered as negative risk factors for the health POF farm workers. The anticholinesterase action these compounds have been used as an indicator POF chronic OP poisoning. Some authors have suggested that agricultural workers in the Ops can act as pro-oxidants, affecting the activity POF antioxidant enzymes and generating chronic damage likely. Objective. This study was conducted to determine the influence POF occupational exposure to OPs in oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in farmworkers Plant Health Committee POF Durango A.C (CESAVEDAC). Methodology. An observational, analytical, retrospective comparative study was conducted on 45 workers. The activity POF acetylcholinesterase as a biomarker POF toxicity assessed, indicator POF oxidative damage to lipid peroxidation antioxidant capability. Results. Was found that there is an association between oxidative damage and exposure to OPs (p = 0.003) being 3.21 times greater risk POF developing oxidative damage when it is exposed to OPs, moreover, there is an association between inhibition POF acetylcholinesterase and exposure to OPs (p = 0.01), 2.92 times higher risk POF show inhibition activity acetylcholinesterase when it is exposed to OPs Conclusions. There is a negative influence POF occupational exposure to OPs on oxidative damage and acetylcholinesterase activity in farmworkers.
STALIŠČA ŠTUDENTOV, KI ŠTUDIRAJO V AVSTRIJI, DO SPLETNEGA ZMENKOVANJA Attitudes toward Online Dating among Students Studying in Austria

The aim of this paper is to study attitudes toward online dating among students studying in Austria. We are especially interested in researching the usage of da ting sites as well as gender and user status differences in attitudes toward onli ne dating among these students. The results, gathered through empirical resear ch, show that these students do not have positive attitudes toward online dating. Some gender and user status differences were also identified. According to the results, specific profiling for the target group is offered on the basis of their attitu des to online dating; such information can be very helpful for online dating providers and advertisers.