Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbon isotope fluctuations of terrestrial organic matter for the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Santonian) in the Obira area of Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract Stratigraphic fluctuations of carbon isotope values of terrestrial organic matter within the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Santonian) sequence in the Obira area of Hokkaido, Japan, record distinctive δ13C fluctuations for the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary, the Middle Turonian, the upper Turonian–lower Coniacian, and the Santonian. A biostratigraphic framework of the age-diagnostic taxa (ammonoids, bivalves and planktic foraminifers) indicates that these δ13C fluctuation events are comparable with those recorded in δ13C data of terrestrial organic matter in Japan and marine carbonates in Europe. These correlations reinforce the utility of these δ13C events in terms of global chemostratigraphy. In particular, the δ13C patterns within the overall positive interval of the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event are highly conformable between marine and terrestrial records. The consistent nature of these different records of δ13C fluctuation patterns demonstrates that the terrestrial organic δ13C data mirror the global-scale δ13C patterns in the carbon reservoir of ocean–atmosphere–terrestrial biosphere during the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary event. In addition, global correlation of short-term marine and terrestrial organic δ13C fluctuations of the Upper Cretaceous sequence indicate that the magnitude of several terrestrial organic δ13C events appears more amplified than that of coeval marine carbonate δ13C events. This correlation is interpreted to mean that the effects of local CO2 emission into the atmosphere by release of terrestrial methane hydrate or biomass burning of terrestrial vegetation in the hinterland of the NE Asian region have been superimposed on the global δ13C trend and resulted in the terrestrial organic δ13C records of the Yezo Group.
Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series Prepared for the Pepg Conference Merit Pay: Will It Work? Is It Politically Viable? Teacher Performance Pay: Experimental Evidence from India

Performance pay for teachers is frequently suggested as a way of improving education outcomes in schools, but the theoretical predictions regarding its effectiveness are ambiguous and the empirical evidence to date is limited and mixed. We present results from a randomized evaluation of a teacher incentive program implemented across a large representative sample of government-run rural primary schools in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The program provided bonus payments to teachers based on the average improvement of their students' test scores in independently administered learning assessments (with a mean bonus of 3% of annual pay). At the end of two years of the program, students in incentive schools performed significantly better than those in control schools by 0.28 and 0.16 standard deviations in math and language tests respectively. They scored significantly higher on "conceptual" as well as "mechanical" components of the tests, suggesting that the gains in test scores represented an actual increase in learning outcomes. Incentive schools also performed better on subjects for which there were no incentives, suggesting positive spillovers. Group and individual incentive schools performed equally well in the first year of the program, but the individual incentive schools outperformed in the second year. Incentive schools performed significantly better than other randomly-chosen schools that received additional schooling inputs of a similar value. and various seminar participants for useful comments and discussions. for their continuous support and long-term vision for this research. We are especially grateful to DD Karopady, M Srinivasa Rao, and staff of the Azim Premji Foundation for their leadership and meticulous work in implementing this project. Sridhar Rajagopalan, Vyjyanthi Shankar, and staff of Educational Initiatives led the test design. We thank Vinayak Alladi, Gokul Madhavan, Ketki Sheth and Maheshwor Shrestha for outstanding research assistance. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. -1
Quasi-3D modeling of airborne TEM data by spatially constrained inversion

We present a new methodology, spatially constrained inversion (SCI), that produces quasi-3D conductivity modeling of electromagnetic (EM) data using a 1D forward solution. Spatial constraints are set between the model parameters of nearest neighboring soundings. Data sets, models, and spatial constraints are inverted as one system. The constraints are built using Delaunay triangulation, which ensures automatic adaptation to data density variations. Model parameter information migrates horizontally through spatial constraints, increasing the resolution of layers that would be poorly resolved locally. SCI produces laterally smooth results with sharp layer boundaries that respect the 3D geological variations of sedimentary settings. SCI also suppresses the elongated artifacts commonly seen in interpretation results of profile-oriented data sets. In this study, SCI is applied to airborne time-domain EM data, but it can also be implemented with other ground-based or airborne data types.
Interest Blooms in Growing Jellyfish Boom

MARINE BIOLOGYSAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA-- Populations of some jellyfish appear to be exploding in several parts of the world, scientists reported at a marine science meeting here last week, raising fears that they are taking over ecosystems that nurture key commercial fish stocks. The Gulf of Mexico and the Bering and Black seas have been particularly hard hit. In some cases, however, researchers don't know whether the blooms are unusual or just natural population fluctuations.
Biomass combustion science, technology and engineering

Part 1 Introduction, supply chains and feedstock: Biomass combustion for power generation: An introduction Biomass supply chains Biomass feedstocks: Categorisation and preparation for combustion and gasification. Part 2 Biomass combustion and co-firing: Direct combustion of biomass Biomass co-firing Biomass gasification Fast pyrolysis of biomass for the production of liquids Intermediate pyrolysis of biomass. Part 3 Large-scale biomass combustion and biorefineries: Large-scale biomass combustion plants: an overview Industrial-scale biomass combustion plants: Engineering issues and operation Biorefineries: increased value from biomass conversion.
How volcanoes work: a 25 year perspective

Over the past 25 years, our understanding of the physical processes that drive volcanic eruptions has increased enormously thanks to major advances in computational and analytical facilities, instrumentation, and collection of comprehensive observational, geophysical, geochemical, and petrological data sets associated with recent volcanic activity. Much of this work has been motivated by the recognition that human exposure to volcanic hazard is increasing with both expanding populations and increasing reliance on infrastructure (as illustrated by the disruption to air traffic caused by the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull volcano in Iceland). Reducing vulnerability to volcanic eruptions requires a thorough understanding of the processes that govern eruptive activity. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of how volcanoes work. We focus particularly on the physical processes that modulate magma accumulation in the upper crust, transport magma to the surface, and control eruptive activity.
Resilience to Online Privacy Violation: Developing a Typology of Consumers

This study examines which segments of population with similar resilience to online privacy violation, severity of online privacy violation, and attitudes towards online privacy concern exist in Croatia, and whether they can be differentiated by demographic characteristics and attitudes towards other online constructs. Research is performed on a representative sample of Croatian Internet users who experienced online privacy violation. The survey data were analyzed using factor analysis, k-means cluster analysis, chi-square test and ANOVA. The findings indicate three groups of consumers with: (1) low-resilience, (2) moderate-resilience, and (3) high-resilience; who differ in age, income, and online buying habits.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the bHLH Gene Family in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum: Identification, Classification, Evolution, and Diversity of Expression Patterns under Cultivation

The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor family is the second-largest transcription factor family in plants. Members of this family are involved in the processes of growth and development, secondary metabolic biosynthesis, signal transduction, and plant resistance. Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum is a critical woody plant with higher ornamental and economic values, which has been used as ornamental architecture and traditional Chinese herbal medicine plants. However, the bHLH transcription factors in Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum (L. chinense var. rubrum) have not yet been systematically demonstrated, and their role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin is still unclear. Here, we identified 165 potential LcbHLHs genes by using two methods, and they were unequally distributed on chromosomes 1 to 12 of the genome of L. chinense var. rubrum. Based on an evolutionary comparison with proteins from Arabidopsis and Oryza sativa, these bHLH proteins were categorized into 21 subfamilies. Most LcbHLHs in a particular subfamily had similar gene structures and conserved motifs. The Gene Ontology annotation and Cis-elements predicted that LcbHLHs had many molecular functions and were involved in processes of plant growth, including the biosynthesis of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Transcriptomic analysis revealed different expression patterns among different tissues and cultivars of L. chinense var. rubrum. Many LcbHLHs were expressed in the leaves, and only a few genes were highly expressed in the flowers. Six LcbHLHs candidate genes were identified by bioinformatics analysis and expression analysis. Further Real-time quantitative PCR analysis and protein interaction network analysis showed that LcbHLH156, which is one of the candidate proteins belonging to the IIIf subfamily, could interact with proteins related to anthocyanin synthesis. Therefore, LcbHLH156 was transiently expressed in L. chinense var. rubrum to verify its function in regulating anthocyanin synthesis. Compared with the control group, red pigment accumulation appeared at the wound after injection, and the total anthocyanin content increased at the wound of leaves. These results lay a foundation for the research of the regulation mechanism of leaf colors in L. chinense var. rubrum and also provide a basis for the function of the LcbHLH family.
Stroke prevention and intracranial hemorrhage risk in atrial fibrillation management: A mini review

This mini-review examines the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients at high risk of bleeding, with a focus on stroke prevention and intracranial hemorrhage risk. Anticoagulant therapy is commonly advised for AF patients, but it can elevate the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in certain individuals prone to bleeding. Two primary perspectives for managing high-risk patients are discussed: adhering to strict anticoagulation therapy or opting for alternative treatments like left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) or aspirin. The benefits and drawbacks of each approach are evaluated, emphasizing the importance of a personalized management plan based on patient risk profiles, comorbidities, and preferences. Ongoing research, including artificial intelligence, advances in LAAC devices, and combination therapies, is explored to enhance stroke prevention and minimize bleeding risk in AF management. A multidisciplinary approach and continuous investigation are vital to achieving better patient outcomes and overall care in this context.
Phytotherapy and oral health

Phytotherapy is the use of extracts from natural origin as medicines or healthpromoting agents. The use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of a variety of ailments is beneficial and efficient (Jaikaria et al., 2016). Many different herbal plants can be used to extract phytotherapeutic chemicals, which are thought to offer a wide range of therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects than synthetic medications. A significant contribution to pharmacotherapy has historically been made by natural compounds and their structural analogues. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 80% of people worldwide utilise traditional medicine, mostly plant extracts, for their healthcare. Due to cultural familiarity, accessibility, and price, traditional medicine has seen a resurgence in interest considering that it has been used to treat illnesses for thousands of years (Schuhladen et al., 2019).
High 3He emanation and seismic swarms observed in a nonvolcanic, forearc region

The 3He/4He and 4He/20Ne ratios of gases emergent in the southwestern part of Japan have been measured by a mass spectrometer. The geographical distribution pattern of the 3He/4He ratios in the Kinki district, a non volcanic, forearc region where microseismic activity at shallow depths has continued over a long period of time, is strikingly different from those found in the rest of the Japanese Islands, including the Shikoku district which lies next to Kinki. Anomalously high 3He/4He ratios, up to 9.69 × 10−6, are found in the Kinki district. All the observed phenomena (high emanation of 3He of magmatic origin, high-temperature hot springs, high terrestrial heat flow, hypocentral distribution of microearthquakes, a local irregularity in the dip direction of the subducting Philippine Sea plate, and the presence of molten materials inferred from the characteristic phases of SxP and SxS reflected waves in microseismograms) strongly suggest the presence of a shallow magma body beneath the area.
Baculovirus Surface Display of Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase for Monoclonal Antibody Production

The H7N9 influenza virus that emerged in 2013 is a dangerous infectious disease with a high mortality rate of up to 40%. Developing effective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect and treat the infection of this virus is therefore critical. In this study, we expressed hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of H7N9 (A/Anhui/1/2013) on the surface of baculovirus (i.e., HA7-Bac and NA9-Bac). Our results showed that both HA or NA proteins displayed on HA7-Bac or NA9-Bac could well maintain their native biological function. Mice antisera derived from the injections of either HA7-Bac- or NA9-Bac exhibited high inhibitory activity in the hemagglutination and neuraminidase assay of H7N9 virus. mAbs generated by immunization with HA7-Bac exhibited high neutralizing activity against H7N9 virus infectivity in cell assays, whereas mAbs generated by immunization with NA9-Bac inhibited neuraminidase activity. These results proved that baculovirus display of HA and NA from H7N9 could be convenient agents to generate neutralizing mAbs against virus infection.
Improved understanding of bimolecular reactions in deceptively simple homogeneous media: From laboratory experiments to Lagrangian quantification

Medium heterogeneity affects reaction kinetics by controlling the mixing of reactant particles, but the linkage between medium properties and reaction kinetics is difficult to build, even for simple, relatively homogeneous media. This study aims to explore the dynamics of bimolecular reactions, aniline + 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐sulfonic acid → 1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐aminobenzene, in relatively homogeneous flow cells. Laboratory experiments were conducted to monitor the transport of both conservative and reactive tracers through columns packed with silica sand of specific diameters. The measured tracer breakthrough curves exhibit subdiffusive behavior with a late‐time tail becoming more pronounced with decreasing sand size, probably due to the segregated flow regions formed more easily in columns packed with smaller size sand. Numerical analysis using a novel Lagrangian model shows that subdiffusion has a twofold effect on bimolecular reactions. While subdiffusion enhances the power‐law growth rate of product mass by prolonging the exposure of reactant particles in the depletion zone, the global reaction rate is constrained because subdiffusion constrains the mobility of reactant particles. Reactive kinetics in deceptively simple homogeneous media is therefore controlled by subdiffusion, which is sensitive to the dimensions of packed sand.
Garnet-perovskite transformation in CaGeO3: In-situ X-ray measurements using synchrotron radiation

The garnet-perovskite phase transformation in CaGeO3 was investigated in the pressure-temperature region to 6.5 GPa and 1200°C using a cubic anvil type of high-pressure apparatus combined with synchrotron radiation. In-situ measurements with an energy dispersive x-ray diffraction system enable us to carry out dynamical observation of the transformation. The equilibrium phase boundary between the garnet and perovskite phases was determined as P(GPa)= 6.9 - 0.0008T(°C). The negative P-T slope definitely established in the present study is in reasonable agreement with the value, −0.0023(8) GPa/°C, that was calculated from the thermochemical data on the enthalpy of transition. The molar volume change accompanied with this transformation was estimated to be about 13% at about 6 GPa and 1000°C.
Stratospheric trace constituents simulated by a three‐dimensional general circulation model: Comparison with UARS data

Constituent distributions are presented from the NASA Langley three-dimensional general circulation model, incorporating a comprehensive chemistry scheme. A 7-year, gas phase model simulation was performed to investigate long-term model stability. In addition, a 1-year simulation was made using parameterized polar heterogeneous processes and reactions occurring on sulfate aerosols. The results of these simulations are compared with species climatologies and with satellite data sets in order to characterize and evaluate model performance and identify aspects of the chemical scheme requiring improvement. The agreement between the modeled seasonal variation of total ozone and the measurement climatologies is satisfactory but with some differences with respect to the depth and persistence of the southern springtime ozone depletion. Comparisons of the model simulation with observations made from UARS were performed. There is good accord between the microwave limb sounder observations of ozone and the model. Areas of agreement and disagreement are revealed between the model and the cryogenic array etalon spectrometer measurements of HNO 3 and ClONO 2 , suggesting the need for a more detailed representation of sulfate aerosol processes in the model. The comparison between the modeled and the measured partitioning of odd chlorine species is improved in the upper stratosphere by the inclusion of an additional pathway to HCl from the reaction of ClO+OH.
The identification of sea swell using polarimetric radars : a new full wave approach

The statistical characteristics and the orientation of a remotely generated swell superimposed upon a local wind generated rough sea surface are determined from computer simulated polarimetric data. The full wave approach is used to determine the incoherent backscatter Mueller matrix elements and the incoherent backscatter Graves power matrix elements as functions of azimuth angle, the colatitude (angle measured from the vertical axis), and rough sea surface (with swell) parameters. The relationships between the incoherent backscatter Mueller matrix as well as the incoherent backscatter Graves power matrix and the statistical characteristics of the swell and its orientation are presented here. On making suitable selections of the backscatter angle and polarization of the Mueller matrix elements or Graves power matrix elements, it is possible to determine reliably the orientation and statistical characteristics of remotely generated swells. Traditionally only the scattering cross sections are utilized in r.
Characteristics and implications of surface gravity waves in the littoral zone of a large lake (Lake Constance)

Bibliografische Information der Deutschen bliothek Die Deutsche bliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es nicht gestattet, das Buch oder Teile daraus auf fotomechanischem Weg (Fotokopie, Mikrokopie) zu vervielfältigen. Summary Zusammenfassung General introduction 1 3 7 Chapter 1: Temporal scales of water level fluctuations in lakes and their ecological implications
Device design principles and bioelectronic applications for flexible organic electrochemical transistors

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) exhibit significant potential for applications in healthcare and human-machine interfaces, due to their tunable synthesis, facile deposition, and excellent biocompatibility. Expanding OECTs to the flexible devices will significantly facilitate stable contact with the skin and enable more possible bioelectronic applications. In this work, we summarize the device physics of flexible OECTs, aiming to offer a foundational understanding and guidelines for material selection and device architecture. Particular attention is paid to the advanced manufacturing approaches, including photolithography and printing techniques, which establish a robust foundation for the commercialization and large-scale fabrication. And abundantly demonstrated examples ranging from biosensors, artificial synapses/neurons, to bioinspired nervous systems are summarized to highlight the considerable prospects of smart healthcare. In the end, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for flexible OECTs. The purpose of this review is not only to elaborate on the basic design principles of flexible OECTs, but also to act as a roadmap for further exploration of wearable OECTs in advanced bio-applications.
EFECTO DE DIFERENTES METODOS DE ESCARIFICACIÓN SOBRE LA GERMINACION DE TRES ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO PROSOPIS

The purpose of study was to evaluate the effect of scarification on the germination percentage of three species of Prosopis. It was used 100 seeds of each species and the treatment were: T1 and T2 H 2 SO 4 , T3 and T4 NaCL, T5 and T6 NaOH for 5 and 10 min., respectively, T7 and T8 Water at 80 0 C for 5 and 10 min., T9 and T10 water at room temperature for 24 and 48h, and a control group without treatment application. The germinated seeds were counted at 7 days after planting three times during 21 days. It was a completely randomized experiment with ten treatments, two replications and a control treatment. Data was analyzed using the median test one way Anova (no parametric design) by SAS, version 8.0 (2000). The more effective methods for P. laevigata were T1, T2, T5 and T6 and P. tamarugo the more effective methods were T1, T2, and T1, T2, T9 and T10 respectively. There were not significant differences between treatments to P. juliflora.