Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Repeated Intentional Swallowing of Foreign Objects by an Adolescent Girl (Case Report)

Introduction: Intentional swallowing of foreign objects is a relatively rare psychopathological behavior. Adolescents and young adults may carry out this act to hurt themselves or even suicide. Often, most reports related to deliberate swallowing are typically either surgical or gastrointestinal and rarely are found in psychiatric articles; more often, the swallowed foreign objects (80 - 90%) are disposed of spontaneously, and 10 - 20% of them require endoscopy for more study and less than 1% of them need surgery to be removed or its complications. Case Presentation: The presented patient is a 17-year-old girl admitted to the psychosomatic ward of Afzalipour hospital due to intentional poisoning. During the year before her admission, on three separate occasions, she detached the knife blade from its haft and swallowed it. She underwent laparotomy twice, one time for sigmoid tearing and damage to the left Ovary, to remove the knife and regeneration of the left ovary and sigmoid, and another time to remove the knife in order not to cause damage to her intestines. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in the world in which an ovary has been damaged. Further investigation into her background shows some extent of privation due to her family's long-term economic problems and instability; moreover, sexual and physical abuse was also confirmed. The patient was prescribed clozapine, which decreased her suicidal behavior and attempts noticeably. Conclusions: Swallowing foreign bodies in this patient is interpreted as both self-punishment and punishing others (those who thought they were hurt or may be blamed for their despair or rejection). Intentional swallowing of foreign objects behavior is more resistant than other self-harming activities and may have a worse prognosis. Swallowing foreign objects requires a sophisticated process that, if not correctly managed, may result in serious complications; therefore, appropriate psychiatric counseling and supportive treatment are necessary for these patients. Specific to this patient eliminating the effects of suicide and reaching medical stability with a short admission was necessary. Her suicidal behavior and attempts decreased significantly after starting clozapine treatment. Therefore, clozapine treatment is recommended for patients with suicidal behavior and self-harm.
Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Ground and Tap Water of Chamchamal City - Sulaymaniyah Governorate / Kurdistan Region, Iraq

This study focused to determine the heavy metals (i.e. arsenic, copper, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead and zinc) content in ground and tap water, and their health impacts in Chamchamal city, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, north-eastern Iraq. Twenty five samples were collected (i.e. thirteen groundwater and twelve tab water samples). The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology (ICP-MS), was used to measure the contents of those metals. The Heavy metal Pollution Index (HPI) values of some ground and tap waters in the northern part of the study area are moderately polluted. Whereas, far north east of the studied area registered (highly polluted) with heavy metals which could be related to the industrial activities and filtration of these heavy metals from soil to water. Moreover, this study shows that there is no carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals in the studied area. The hazard index (HI) values of the ground and tap water samples in Chamchamal city appears to be less than one for all heavy metals in adults and children. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for arsenic, chromium and lead within the ground and the tap water are within the acceptable range for both adults and children.
Evaluation of Measured Anisotropic Turbulent Two-point Correlation Data for the Accurate Prediction of the Turbulence Noise Sources

Noise emitted from 2D subsonic airfoil sections depends strongly on the specific properties of the turbulent boundary-layer passing the trailing edge. The intention of the present paper is three folds: (1) wind tunnel measurement of the two-point turbulent velocity correlations to analyze the trailing-edge near wake flow structure in detail, (2) assessment of the measurement data and post-processing of the turbulence properties in a way so that it can be comparable to numerical results, and (3) development of a relationship between isotropic theory and anisotropic measurement data to approximate quantities like isotropic longitudinal length scale Λf . Measurements of two-point turbulent velocity correlations were conducted in 2D turbulent boundary layer flows over two airfoils (NACA 0012 & NACA 643-418 ) at high Reynolds numbers (Re=1.5e6 and Re=2.5e6) in the Laminar Wind Tunnel (LWT) of the University of Stuttgart. Correlation tensor components were measured by two X-wire probes shortly downstream of the airfoil trailing edge with separation in vertical direction for different cases of boundary layer development (angles-of-attack, natural and fixed transition). Two different approaches to evaluate turbulence integral correlation length scales from the measured two-point correlation data are presented. The first methods provides anisotropic turbulence integral length scales estimated by fitting an exponential function to the measured two-point velocity correlation coefficient. The second method established a local relationship between the results from isotropic theory and anisotropic experimental data. This relationship permits efficient approximation of the isotropic longitudinal integral length scale (Λf), and enables the consideration of anisotropy effects in RANS predicted data. The outcome of both methods are been compared with RANS results and lead to significant improvement of the prediction of the turbulence noise sources. The benefit of these efforts will be further applied to a Turbulent Boundary-Layer Trailing-Edge (TBLTE) interaction noise prediction method (Rnoise) to analyze anisotropy effects of the airfoil trailing-edge near-wake flow.
Study of the optical and structural properties of the (ZnO) membrane, which is prepared by the method of thermal steaming by using the closed oven

This study investigated the optical and structural properties of the (ZnO) membrane, which is prepared by the method of thermal steaming in the vacuum by using the closed oven on glass platforms at room temperature. The crystallization of the membranes prepared by X-ray diffraction pattern was diagnosed. The membranes were found to be polymorphic with hexagonal structure and crystal direction (002), the membranes were annealed for (5,15,25) min at (510°C),the results showed the increased height of peaks with their intensity and decreases in the optical gap energy. The study of optical properties also included the recording of both the absorption spectra and the permeability spectrum of the prepared membranes at the wavelength range (250-1100) nm, Also, the rest of the optical constants were calculated as functions of the photon energy, including (absorption coefficient, extinaction cofficient), Where the value of the absorption coefficient for ZnO thin films varies from (1.4 cm-1 to 2.09cm-1), and the value of extinaction coefficient varies from (0.6 to 0.38). Transmission spectra showed highly transparent films with band gap energy varies ranging from 3.47ev to 3.3 eV. http://dx.doi. org/10.25130/tjps.24. 2019.032
Hypovolemic Shock Revealing a Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare neoplasms that originate in the gastrointestinal tract. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, they are often underdiagnosed. Patients typically present with abdominal pain, weight loss, asthenia, or a sensation of a "ball in the stomach. " Hypovolemic shock is a rare mode of presentation. The biopsy is often inconclusive, and immunohistochemistry plays a crucial role in diagnosis. Surgery is the treatment of choice for stromal tumors with hemorrhage. Here, we present two cases of patients admitted in critical condition with hypovolemic shock. Laboratory results revealed profound anemia. Upper gastrointestinal exploration demonstrated a tumor in both cases, with normal biopsy findings in one case. However, after partial gastrectomy, pathology results revealed GIST with an immunohistochemistry profile in favor. The mode of presentation in our cases is notable, as hypovolemic shock without apparent external bleeding is an unusual presentation. Therefore, physicians should consider GIST a possible diagnosis when presented with a patient in hypovolemic shock, even without externalized bleeding.
Osteochondroma of the Acromion Process: A Rare Case with an Unusual Presentation

Introduction: Osteochondroma is the most common primary benign bone tumor. It’s radiologic characteristics are often pathognomonic. Osteochondromas usually occur at the metaphysis of long bones. The distal end of femur, proximal humerus, proximal tibia, and fibula are the common locations. Most cases present within the first three decades. Case Report: A 12-year-old boy presented with osteochondroma of left acromion process. It is very unusual for its location with a mass over the left shoulder extending laterally into deltoid muscle. Radiologic studies showed large pedunculated mass arising from the acromion process. On surgical exploration, we found a pedunculated and well encapsulated mass on the lateral aspect of the left shoulder with a thin hyaline cartilaginous cap. The mass was carefully separated from nearby structures and resected en bloc. Results: No post-operative complications were noticed. Patient was prescribed physiotherapy and we have him advised 6-month follow-up till skeletal maturity. Patient had complete range of motion at the last follow-up. He was able to do his all daily activities. Conclusion: The acromion is very rare site for osteochondroma with mass extending into lateral deltoid muscle. Careful blunt dissection and protection of nearby structures and fairly good learning curve of surgeon is needed in operating such cases.
Why Galaxies Care about AGB Stars III: A Closer Look in Space and Time

The measurement of elemental abundances of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars is a highly challenging task that so far has not been solved in a satisfactory way. We report here on our efforts to confront predictions from hydrostatic and dynamical model atmospheres with observational results based on high-resolution spectra of variable and non-variable giants in the globular cluster 47 Tuc. Our goal is to estimate the impact of atmospheric dynamics on the abundance determination.
Research on image match based on mutual information entropy and regional feature

The method of correcting position error based on mutual information entropy is proposed in this paper.The realistic product is always different from standard template since the FPC manufacturing material is easily affected by thermal expansion and contraction.Correcting matching error is crucial during manufacturing process.The mutual information entropy(MIE)is applied to evaluating the correlation between the images.The MIE increases and reach maximum when the referent and inspecting FPC solders are aligned with the same place.Moreover,The MIE in some image′s region which contains more grey information can react to position error strongly.According to the above principle,the MIE and key regional feature is applied to searching best optimal correction parameters to improve positioning accuracy.The method is verified by a simulation and applied to the inspecting system.It demonstrates that the method can correct the position error more effectively compared with Hough transformation and affine transformation method.The matching accuracy can reach 22.4 micron under the condition that manufacturing error is 75 micron.
Personalized digital behaviour interventions increase short-term physical activity: a randomized control crossover trial substudy of the MyHeart Counts Cardiovascular Health Study

Background: Physical activity is strongly protective against the development of chronic diseases associated with aging. We previously demonstrated that digital interventions delivered through a smartphone app can increase short-term physical activity. Our randomized crossover trial has continued to digitally enroll participants, allowing increasing statistical power for greater precision in subsequent analyses. Methods: We offered enrollment to adults aged >=18 years with access to an iPhone and the MyHeart Counts app. After completion of a 1-week baseline period, e-consented participants were randomly allocated to four 7-day interventions. Interventions consisted of: 1) daily personalized e-coaching based on the individuals baseline activity patterns, 2) daily prompts to complete 10,000 steps, 3) hourly prompts to stand following inactivity, and 4) daily instructions to read guidelines from the American Heart Association website. The trial was completed in a free-living setting, where neither the participants or investigators were blinded to the intervention. The primary outcome was change in mean daily step count from baseline for each of the four interventions, assessed in a modified intention-to-treat analysis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03090321. Findings: Between January 1, 2017 and April 1, 2022, 4500 participants consented to enroll in the trial, of whom 2458 completed 7-days of baseline monitoring (mean daily steps 4232+/-73) and at least one day of one of the four interventions. The greater statistical power afforded by continued passive enrollment revealed that e-coaching prompts, tailored to an individual, increased step count significantly more than other interventions (402+/-71 steps, P=7.1x10-8). Interpretation: Digital studies can continuously recruit participants in a cost-effective manner, allowing for new insights provided by increased statistical power and refinement of prior signals. Here, we show that digital interventions tailored to an individual are effective in increasing short-term physical activity in a free-living cohort. Funding: Stanford Data Science Initiative and Catalyst Program, Apple, Google
Thermal Models of Asteroids with Two-band Combinations of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Cryogenic Data

We used the reparameterized Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model to model observations of a curated set of over 4000 asteroids from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in two wavelength bands (W2–3 or W3–4) and compared the results to previous results from all four wavelength bands (W1–4). This comparison was done with the goal of elucidating unique aspects of modeling two-band observations so that any potential biases or shortcomings for planned two-band surveys (e.g., the NASA Near-Earth Object Surveyor Mission) can be anticipated and quantified. The W2–3 two-band fits usually yielded slightly smaller diameters than the four-band fits, with a median diameter difference of −10%, with the 5% and 95% quantiles of the distribution at −32% and −1.5%, respectively. We conducted similar comparisons for W3–4, in part because the longest wavelength bands are expected to provide the best two-band results. We found that the W3–4 two-band diameters are slightly larger than the four-band results, with a median diameter difference of 11% and the 5% and 95% quantiles of the distribution at −2.1% and 26%, respectively. The diameter uncertainty, obtained with bootstrap analysis, is larger by 30% and 35% (median values) for the W2–3 and W3–4 fits, respectively, than for the corresponding four-band fits. Using 23 high-quality stellar occultation diameters as a benchmark, we found that the median errors of W2–3 and W3–4 diameter estimates are −15% and +12%, respectively, whereas the median error of the four-band fits is 9.3%. Although the W2–3 and W3–4 diameters appear to have greater systematic errors and uncertainties than their four-band counterparts, two-band estimates remain useful because they improve upon diameter estimates obtained from visible photometry alone.
Optical coherence tomography for detection of compound action potential in Xenopus Laevis sciatic nerve

Due to optical coherence tomography (OCT) high spatial and temporal resolution, this technique could be used to observe the quick changes in the refractive index that accompany action potential. In this study we explore the use of time domain Optical Coherence Tomography (TD-OCT) for real time action potential detection in ex vivo Xenopus Laevis sciatic nerve. TD-OCT is the easiest and less expensive OCT technique and, if successful in detecting real time action potential, it could be used for low cost monitoring devices. A theoretical investigation into the order of magnitude of the signals detected by a TD-OCT setup is provided by this work. A linear dependence between the refractive index and the intensity changes is observed and the minimum SNR for which the setup could work is found to be SNR = 2 x 104.
Medical image enhancement algorithm based on wavelet transform

Low contrast and poor quality are main problems in the production of medical images. By using the wavelet transform and Haar transform, a novel image enhancement approach is proposed. First, a medical image was decomposed with wavelet transform. Secondly, all high-frequency sub-images were decomposed with Haar transform. Thirdly, noise in the frequency field was reduced by the soft-threshold method. Fourthly, high-frequency coefficients were enhanced by different weight values in different sub-images. Then, the enhanced image was obtained through the inverse wavelet transform and inverse Haar transform. Lastly, the image's histogram was stretched by nonlinear histogram equalisation. Experiments showed that this method can not only enhance an image's details but can also preserve its edge features effectively.
DISCERNING EMISSION COMPONENTS IN EARLY AFTERGLOW DATA AND CONSTRAINING THE INITIAL LORENTZ FACTOR OF LONG GRB FIREBALL

We prove that both the canonical and single power-law decay X-ray afterglow lightcurves of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) observed with the Swift X-ray telescope may be an emission component radiated by external shocks prior to the GRB trigger. Our systematical analysis on both the early optical and X-ray afterglow data also indicates that they might be from different components. The detected optical emission possibly is dominated by the afterglow of the GRB fireball. The X-ray afterglows may be detected for some GRBs, but most of the detected X-rays for most GRBs are likely dominated by the prior X-ray component. With the deceleration feature in the early optical afterglow data, we estimate the initial Lorentz factors of the GRBs and discover a tight relation of the Lorentz factor to the isotropic gamma-ray energy.
Multiple scattering of elastic waves from a continuous and heterogeneous region

SUMMARY In this paper, we develop an elastodynamic energy transport theory to form expressions for energy transmission through a heterogeneous continuum of large extent. A model of multiple scattering for a random elastic continuum is constructed by an iterative method based on single scattering by a thin heterogeneous layer or screen. This model is available both for strong scattering and for weak scattering, and both for common-type scattering (P-P and S-S) and for converted scattering (P-S and S-P), although here we assume high frequencies so that only forward scattering and common-type scattering are considered. Numerical results have been obtained in terms of the angular spectrum of the energy flux in successive orders of scattering. These results show that coda waves in seismograms mainly come from the scattering of S waves. They also indicate the limits within which first-order scattering can be used, and when, on the other hand, the scattered radiation is dominated by multiple scattering. The results are directly applicable to measurements of seismic energy flux in frequency-surface-wavenumber space.
Some Practical Notes on the Parameter kB−1 for Sparse Vegetation

This paper deals with the parameter kB21, the logarithm of the ratio between momentum and heat roughness length, of sparsely vegetated surfaces and bare soil. The bare soil surface is included as a reference, since it is fairly homogenous and smooth, having no distinguishable roughness elements. The mean value of kB21 is about 8 for the vineyard and 12 for the savannah. These values are significantly greater than kB 21 5 2, which is usually assumed to hold for vegetation. The mean value of kB21 for bare soil is small and negative, which agrees with the literature. A large variation of kB 21 during the day is measured for all three surfaces. This behavior has been observed for sparse vegetation in previous studies. Some authors explained the phenomenon with a vertical movement of the source of heat through the day as solar angle varies, or with the use of an inappropriate value of effective surface temperature to calculate kB21. For the first time, this diurnal variation is measured for a smooth surface, the bare soil, for which neither explanation is valid. A sensitivity study reveals that the calculated kB21 is very sensitive to measuring errors in the micrometeorological variables and errors in the roughness length for momentum. This explains the large range in observed kB21 values for one particular surface type. In addition, several semiempirical expressions for kB21 from the literature are tested. Two well-established formulas, both based on a simple combination of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers, appear to produce the best estimates of daily averaged kB21 values. None of the formulas are able to describe the diurnal variation. The authors conclude that the concept of kB21 is questionable as it is based upon extrapolating a theoretical profile through a region where this profile does not hold, toward a ‘‘surface temperature’’ that is difficult to define and to measure. It should therefore be avoided in meteorological models, for example, by applying canopy boundary layer resistances. Unfortunately, in remote sensing, the bulk transfer equations are up to now the only option, which therefore requires the use of kB21.
Near-Surface Satellite Wind Observations of Hurricanes and Their Impact on ECMWF Model Analyses and Forecasts

Abstract During August–September 1995 new near-surface wind datasets over the tropical Atlantic from both the ERS-1 scatterometer and Meteosat satellites were available at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. At this time there was an unusually high number of hurricanes present in the tropical Atlantic and so the impact of these data on analyzing and forecasting the main cyclones was investigated. Assimilation experiments using a new variational scheme, with the ERS-1 winds, showed clear improvements both in the analyses and short-range forecasts, compared with the optimal interpolation scheme without these data. For example, the forecast positions for Hurricane Iris were reduced by almost 50% when the scatterometer data was included. For Hurricane Luis the improvement was for a higher percentage of cases when the model identified the cyclone in the 24- and 48-h forecasts. For the 72-h forecasts 80% of the reported cyclones were detected compared with only 33% for the analyses without E.