Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPUTER HARDWARE FUNDAMENTALS USING MULTIMEDIA: THE SEQUEL

The Faculty of Engineering and Physical Systems subject Computer Hardware Fundamentals (81120), is hardly recognisable to those students enrolled before 1997. The evolution of this subject is comparable to the metamorphosis of a caterpillar into a butterfly. Previously a print based subject for first year on-campus and distance education students, 81120 is now delivered via a web site or CD-ROM with second generation multimedia components which enhance the learning experience for the student. During 1997 a media analysis was conducted on the subject which saw the creation of twenty-five animations (animated gifs) to enhance learning of conceptually difficult topics within the subject. This project, also known as stage 1, was the focus of papers presented throughout 1997 (for example see Stewart and Cardnell 1997). Based on feedback received regarding stage 1; stages 2 and 3 were implemented during 1998. These stages included the upgrading of animations to commentated Quicktime movies and the development of an innovative self-assessment tool. The self-assessment tool is available on all delivery media allowing distance education students the same experiences as on-campus students. The tool also enables the students to measure their knowledge before and after exposure to the material and from nearly every page within the 81120 learning environment. This paper will present the latest Computer Hardware Fundamentals story. It will provide the history and rationale behind the decision to augment the subject initially and briefly describe the resultant project stages. It will then present the results of research carried out during stages 2 and 3 and draw conclusions based on this research regarding the effectiveness of the multimedia components.
Toxic Leadership in Education: A Systematic Review

There has been sparse research explicitly looking at toxic leadership, a more complex and comprehensive destructive leadership style in higher education settings, despite the breadth of literature on destructive leadership styles and their impact on organizational culture, mission, and individuals. With the introduction of the term “toxic leadership” in 1996, the corporate world and military agencies began to examine whether leadership could lead to a toxic culture. As of 2007, studies have been unable to connect the concept of learning in higher education systems to the phenomenon of "social learning. " To better understand how studies have changed since they were conducted in the 2000s, the authors use their analysis of the literature on toxic leadership in higher ed from three different perspectives: 1) Understanding how toxic leadership affects organizational culture and employee morale. 2) Summarizing the role of toxic leadership in shaping the environment in which employees operate. 3) Speculating on what can be done to manage the risk of building and sustaining such environments. impact of on His suggests that using a framework to diagnose organizational culture can management decision-making skills when it comes to managing organizational change and conflict. Effective decision-making will thus enhance institutional performance. The Tierney focuses on six elements that determine the organizational culture. Mission, Socialization, Information, Strategy, and Leadership.
Multinomial and Hypergeometric Distributions in Markov Categories

Markov categories, having tensors with copying and discarding, provide a setting for categorical probability. This paper uses finite colimits and what we call uniform states in such Markov categories to define a (fixed size) multiset functor, with basic operations for sums and zips of multisets, and a graded monad structure. Multisets can be used to represent both urns filled with coloured balls and also draws of multiple balls from such urns. The main contribution of this paper is the abstract definition of multinomial and hypergeometric distributions on multisets, as draws. It is shown that these operations interact appropriately with various operations on multisets.
Prevention of COVID 19 - Siddha perspective

Introduction: Siddha is one of the ancient traditional medicine systems originated in South India which incorporates the extensive use of herbs, inorganic substances and animal products for maintaining a healthy life Siddha system of medicine (SSM) has diverse and extensive use of natural resources for the prevention and management of comorbid conditions, widespread epidemic or pandemic diseases Methodology: This article summarizes on Siddha methodologies and practices that are obtained from major scientific databases such as SciFinder, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Springer using primary search terms as COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, epidemic, immune-modulatory, antiviral, environmental sanitization and Siddha The collected data's are extracted as SARS-COV-2 outline, Basic concepts, communicable diseases and preventive measures revealed in Siddha system of Medicine Moreover the authors have tabulated the herbs used as health promoters and immune-modulators in Siddha, herbs used for fumigation and sanitization and the herbal ingredients used in important Siddha formulations for the management of infectious diseases Conclusion: Many of the active principles present in the herbs are studied, proven to be effective immune-modulators, antivirals, anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents, which may also be effective towards the control of COVID-19 However, further scientific studies and data are required to support the use of Siddha medicines and herbs
HANDWRITTEN DIGIT RECOGNITION USING PYTHON

: Handwritten digit recognition is the intelligence of computers to recognize digits written by humans. But it becomes one of the most challenging tasks for machines as handwritten digits are not perfect and can be made with many different: flavors, size, thickness. Thus, as a solution to this problem, Handwriting digit recognition model comes into picture. Many machine learning techniques have been employed to solve the handwritten digit recognition problem. This paper focuses on Neural Network (NN) approaches. Among the three famous NN approaches: deep neural network (DNN), deep belief network (DBN) and convolutional neural network (CNN), the specialization of CNN as compared to other NN of being able to detect pattern is what makes it so useful for recognizing handwritten digits in this paper. Our goal is to implement a CNN based handwritten digit recognition model that uses the image of a digit and recognizes the digit present in the image. The performance is tested on MNIST dataset. The network was trained on 60,000 and tested on 10,000 numeral samples. We carried out extensive experiments and achieved a recognition accuracy of 99.87%.
Realization of the Landau definitions of effective Hamiltonian and nonequilibrium free energy in microscopic theory

Equilibrium fluctuations of some set of parameters in the states described by the canonical Gibbs distribution are investigated. In the theory of phase transitions of the second kind, these parameters are components of the order parameter. The microscopic realization of the Landau definition of the effective Hamiltonian of the system for studying the equilibrium fluctuations of the specified system of parameters is discussed in the terms of the probability density of their values. A general formula for this function is obtained and it is expressed through the equilibrium correlation functions of these parameters. An expression for the effective Hamiltonian in terms of deviations of the parameters from their equilibrium values is obtained. The deviations are considered small for conducting the calculations. The possibility of calculating the exact free energy of the system using the found effective Hamiltonian is discussed. In the microscopic theory, the implementation of the Landau definition of nonequilibrium thermodynamic potentials introduced in his phenomenological theory of phase transitions of the second kind is investigated. Nonequilibrium states of a fluctuating system described with some sets of parameters are considered. A general formula for nonequilibrium free energy expressed through the correlation functions of these parameters is obtained as for the effective Hamiltonian above. Like the previous case, the free energy expression via parameter deviations from the equilibrium values is obtained and small deviations are considered for calculations. The idea of the identity of the effective Hamiltonian of the system and its nonequilibrium free energy is discussed in connection with the Boltzmann distribution. The Gaussian approximation of both developed formalisms is considered. A generalization of the constructed theory for the case of spatially inhomogeneous states and the study of long-wave fluctuations are developed.
A NEW APPROACH TO MAXIMUM FLOW OF MIN CUT THEOREM BY PROPOSED ALGORITHM

: The maximum number of flows that can be sent from the source to the sink is addressed in Maximum Flow Problem. The algorithm for Edmonds-Karp is a modified version of the algorithm for Ford-Fulkerson. The solution to this has also been demonstrated by the use of the proposed method to justify the utility of the approach proposed. Since certain parts of its protocol are left unspecified, Ford-Fulkerson is often called a process. On the other hand, Edmonds-Karp offers complete specifications. Most notably, it states that during the intermediate phases of the programme, breadth-first search should be used to find the shortest paths. Like Ford-Fulkerson, Edmonds-Karp also deals with max-flow min - cut problems. The maximum flow in Edmonds-Karp algorithm is a highly polynomial time algorithm. This algorithm uses BFS to find augmenting paths.
Physiological races of Puccinia triticina E. identified in the North of Sinaloa and germplasm resistance

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina E. is the most important disease in the North and Northwest of Mexico. In the North of Sinaloa, it is widely distributed in the wheat production areas of Valle del Fuerte and Valle del Carrizo; however, it is unknown which races are influencing that region. The objective was to identify the physiological races of leaf rust, which occur in the main producing areas of Northern Sinaloa, and to identify germplasm with resistance. During the autumn-winter 2018-2019 crop cycle, 50 samples of leaf rust were collected from experimental and commercial lots, these samples were transferred to Lanarec. With the monopostular technique, the identification of races was carried out. Subsequently, with the most frequent races, 35 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated under greenhouse conditions and for their resistance in seedlings and adult plants. Seven physiological races of leaf rust were identified (CBJ/QQ, MBT/SP, MCT/SP, MGJ/SP, MBJ/SP, MBJ/QQ, MFJ/SP), of which CBJ/QQ was identified with higher frequency (29%). Of the 35 genotypes evaluated with the CBJ/QQ and MCT/SP races, it was determined that CONATRIGO F2015 and the lines CHEWINK #1/MUTUS//MUTUS*2/HARIL#1 and MUTUS*2//ND643/2*WBLL1/3/BORL14 were resistant in seedling and adult plant to both races, which indicates that it possesses at least one gene for effective resistance to leaf rust. Genetic resistance is one of the most viable sustainable management alternatives for the control of wheat rusts in Mexico.
Shedding (Some) Light on Mobile Browsers Energy Consumption

—Following its desktop counterpart, the mobile browsers ecosystem has been growing from few browsers (Chrome, Firefox, and Safari) to a plethora of browsers, each with unique characteristics (battery friendly, privacy preserving, etc.). The main contribution of this work is a thorough benchmark of 15 Android browsers using multiple settings (adblocking, dark mode, power savings), devices, workloads (up to 600 websites and 100 concurrent tabs), and network conﬁgurations. We perform a battery-centric analysis and show that: 1) 5 out of 8 adblocking browsers produce signiﬁcant battery savings (up to 30% in the case of Brave) compared to more popular browsers like Chrome or Firefox, 2) Opera is the most efﬁcient browser when dealing with a large number of concurrent tabs, 3) dark mode on AMOLED devices offers an extra 12% of battery savings, granted that the whole webpage is darkened, and 4) up to 30% of energy is wasted loading ads-bloated webpages on a slow mobile network. We exploit the latter observation to build AttentionDim , a screen dimming mechanism driven by browser events which we integrated with Brave. Via experiments with 10 volunteers over a month, we conclude that AttentionDim offers battery savings of up to 30% with minimal impact on the end-user experience.
Effect of corn supplementation on the expression of intramuscular fat genes

Objective . The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of supplementing pasture-finished Braford steers with corn silage on the expression level of genes associated with intramuscular fat in longissimus dorsi muscle. Materials and methods . Thirty Braford steers grazing on summer pasture were used for the study. For 120 days fifteen animals were supplemented with corn silage at 1% of body weight per head per day (Supl) whereas the remaining 15 steers only received pasture (Cont). Animals were slaughtered at 26 month of age with 464±17 Kg. Gene expression of glucose transporter type 4 ( glut4), insulin-like growth factor 1 ( igf1) and myostatin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results. Supplementation produced increased expression of glut4 and igf1 genes. The expression of the genes studied was correlated with hot carcass weight, fat score of carcass and intramuscular fat content. Conclusions. Results suggest a gene expression-diet interaction in glut4 and igf1 genes, which impact on carcass fattening and intramuscular fat content in longissimus dorsi muscle of Braford steers, suggesting that these meat variables could be modulated through differential gene expression.
Nitrogen availability and biomass yield of Ricinus communis L. fertilized with biosolids

A criterion to estimate the application dose of biosolids in agricultural soils is the available nitrogen and the requirement of the crop. The objective of the study was to determine the nitrogen availability of two biosolids generated from different treatment systems and its effect on the oil yield from Ricinus communis L. seed. The treatments consisted of three sources of nitrogen (N) and three doses, in addition to a control without N. The sources of N were: ammonium sulfate (SA), biosolids from oxidation lagoons (BLO) and biosolids from activated sludge (BLA). The SA was considered as a commercial witness. The doses of N were 0, 3.79, 5.65 and 7.52 g pot, which correspond to 67%, 100% and 133% of the N requirement of the crop (RNC), respectively. The greenhouse experiment was established under a randomized block experimental design with four replications, where the experimental unit was one plant per pot. Nitrogen availability was estimated using the fertilizer equivalency method (EF). The dry matter (DM) was statistically similar between the treatments, being different from the control (p< 0.05). The DM and N extraction showed a quadratic response as a function of the applied N doses. The availability of N was 40.4 and 34.8% for the BLA and BLO, respectively.
Can One Hear the Fate of a Coin? [draft!]

Are coin tosses fair— that is, do tossed coins have a 50:50 probability of coming up “heads” or “tails”? Diaconis, Holmes, andMontgomery [1] say no. A coin toss is a physical process, and given a distribution over the parameters (how fast it spins about its diameter, ω, and how long it spins, t), we can infer a distribution over result (heads, tails), which will not necessarily be uniform. The trouble is measuring these parameters. Coin flips are fast. With some practice you and a friend can use a stopwatch to clock a typical toss to be around 0.5 seconds. Then, you can count the number of flips by attaching a small ribbon (or dental floss) to the coin and counting the number of twists after a toss. But this would be extremely tedious work.1 You might hope to save time by using a video-camera to record a coin flip and counting the flips, but typical cameras sample images at not more than 60 Hz, which is far too slow. High-speed cameras can capture at higher frame rates, but only in short bursts: capturing usable sequences, and then using image analysis to extract useful data, is still a challenge. Why not use sound, which is typically sampled at a luxurious 44.1 kHz? If we could “hear” the angle a coin makes with respect to the microphone at a given point in time, then we could work out ω by “listening” to a slowed-down recording of a coin-tosser. It turns out that you can indeed “hear” this angle. When you toss a coin by striking it with your thumbnail, it starts to resonate and ring (this is the familiar audible “ding! ” sound). The resonance can be decomposed into a linear combination of several vibrational modes, which depend on the geometry and material properties of the coin. Each vibrational mode has a characteristic frequency. For a 2016-D US quarter, audible vibrational modes occur at 8.7 kHz, 9.3 kHz, and 15.4 kHz. These values are intrinsic to the coin and can be measured empirically or computed using simulation software [3]. 2 An important characteristic of resonance is that it does not necessarily radiate acoustic energy equally in all spatial directions. Just like a loudspeaker sounds louder from some directions than from others, a resonating coin has an anisotropic acoustic transfer function [2], whichmaydiffer across vibrationalmodes. Thus, the subset of frequencies that an observer hearsmost prominently depends on an observer’s relative angle to a resonating coin. As the coin rotates, these frequencies weave in and out at a rate proportional to ω. Figure 1 shows two potential modes (“trampoline” and “potato chip”) and the dominant directions of their acoustic transfer functions (“perpendicular” and “coplanar,” respectively).
A Bijection theorem for Gorenstein projective \tau-tilting modules

We introduce the notions of Gorenstein projective τ -rigid modules, Gorenstein pro- jective support τ -tilting modules and Gorenstein torsion pairs and give a Gorenstein analog to Adachi-Iyama-Reiten’s bijection theorem on support τ -tilting modules. More precisely, for an alge- bra Λ, We prove that there is a bijection between the set of Gorenstein projective support τ -tilting modules and the set of functorially ﬁnite Gorenstein projective torsion classes. As an application, we introduce the notion of CM- τ -tilting ﬁnite algebras and show that Λ is CM- τ -tilting ﬁnite if and only if Λ op is CM- τ -tilting ﬁnite. Moreover, we show that the Bongartz completion of a Gorenstein projective τ -rigid module need not be a Gorenstein projective τ -tilting module.
Constraints on Applying Disability Identity Card: A Study from Roshi Rural Municipality from Midhill, Nepal

D Identity Card (ID)is the key document issued for individuals with disabilities and qualifies a person as a recipient of disability allowance, a Social Security Programme of the Government of Nepal. Based on primary data collected using household questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews from Roshi Rural Municipality in Midhill Nepal, this paper aims to assess the socio-cultural backgrounds and major constraints in applying and acquiring the Disability ID card. Findings show that lack of knowledge about the ID card, its benefits and the application process are found to be the major constraints in acquiring it. Those who know about the application process have also been facing difficulties such as longer travel distance to district headquarter, lengthy and ambiguous processes, lack of money, and lack of supporting documents. The state restructuring and federalisation was found to be an opportunity in terms of the active roles that the local municipal government have played wherein more person with disability (PwDs) have approached for the card. Article history: Received 23 Sept. 2020 Accepted 22 Nov. 2020
The Promise and Challenges of Computation Deduplication and Reuse at the Network Edge

In edge computing deployments, where devices may be in close proximity to each other, these devices may offload similar computational tasks (i.e., tasks with similar input data for the same edge computing service or for services of the same nature). This results in the execution of duplicate (redundant) computation, which may become a pressing issue for future edge computing environments, since such deployments are envisioned to consist of small-scale data centers at the edge. To tackle this issue, in this article, we highlight the importance of paradigms for the deduplication and reuse of computation at the network edge. Such paradigms have the potential to significantly reduce the completion times for offloaded tasks, accommodating more users, devices, and tasks with the same volume of deployed edge computing resources; however, they come with their own technical challenges. Finally, we present a multi-layer architecture to enable computation deduplication and reuse at the network edge, and discuss open challenges and future research directions.
Using Topological Framework for the Design of Activation Function and Model Pruning in Deep Neural Networks

Success of deep neural networks in diverse tasks across domains of computer vision, speech recognition and natural language processing, has necessitated understanding the dynamics of training process and also working of trained models. Two independent contributions of this paper are 1) Novel activation function for faster training convergence 2) Systematic pruning of filters of models trained irrespective of activation function. We analyze the topological transformation of the space of training samples as it gets transformed by each successive layer during training, by changing the activation function. The impact of changing activation function on the convergence during training is reported for the task of binary classification. A novel activation function aimed at faster convergence for classification tasks is proposed. Here, Betti numbers are used to quantify topological complexity of data. Results of experiments on popular synthetic binary classification datasets with large Betti numbers(>150) using MLPs are reported. Results show that the proposed activation function results in faster convergence requiring fewer epochs by a factor of 1.5 to 2, since Betti numbers reduce faster across layers with the proposed activation function. The proposed methodology was verified on benchmark image datasets: fashion MNIST, CIFAR-10 and cat-vs-dog images, using CNNs. Based on empirical results, we propose a novel method for pruning a trained model. The trained model was pruned by eliminating filters that transform data to a topological space with large Betti numbers. All filters with Betti numbers greater than 300 were removed from each layer without significant reduction in accuracy. This resulted in faster prediction time and reduced memory size of the model.