Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is a hands-free phone safer than a handheld phone?

The nature of the differences in driving-related performance between hands-free (HF) and handheld (HH) phone drivers is not well understood. One purpose of this review is to evaluate the effects of the phone type on driving (-related) performance across different levels of driving fidelity in the published literature. Talking on a phone, regardless of the phone type, has negative impacts on driving (-related) performance especially in detecting and identifying events. Moreover, the HF phones were rarely found to be necessarily safer than the HH phones. These patterns are similar across different levels of fidelity in studies.
Towards an integrated global ocean acidification observation network

The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), originating largely from human fossil fuel combustion and deforestation since the beginning of the industrial era, is causing a decrease in ocean pH and changes to seawater carbonate chemistry. This process, termed ocean acidification, is now well established from modeling and field data, and the rate of change in ocean pH and carbon chemistry is expected to increase significantly over this century unless future CO2 emissions are restricted dramatically. The rate of CO2 increase is the fastest the Earth has experienced in 65 million years (Ridgwell and Schmidt, 2010), and the current concentration is estimated to be the highest in, at least, the past 50 million years (Zachos et al., 2008). Central to predicting the atmospheric carbon inventory during the 21st century will be understanding and predicting the adjustments in the ocean uptake and exchange of both anthropogenic and natural CO2. To quantify these changes on a global scale, an international interdisciplinary program of ship-based hydrography, time-series moorings, floats and gliders with carbon, pH and oxygen sensors, and ecological surveys is already underway. This program together with implementations of molecular technology will help scientists determine the extent of the large-scale changes in the carbon chemistry of seawater and the associated biological responses to ocean acidification in both open ocean and coastal environments. Indeed many countries are presently engaged in ocean acidification research and monitoring activities. Some examples include the European Union (EPOCA, EuroSITES, MEECE), German (BIOACID), UK (UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme), US (emerging program supported by NSF, NOAA, NASA, USGS) and Japan (programs supported by MoE and MEXT) ocean acidification research programmes. The proposed activities will require a coordinated international research effort that is closely linked with international carbon research programs, such as the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography (GO-SHIP) Program, the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and the IGBP programmes SOLAS and IMBER. The Global Ocean Acidification Observation Network will interface strongly with the data synthesis, archiving and management activities of existing international ocean acidification programs.
Ion Channels and Transporters in Lung Function and Disease Generation and functional characterization of epithelial cells with stable expression of SLC 26 A 9 Cl channels

Johanna J. Salomon,* Stephan Spahn,* Xiaohui Wang, Joachim Füllekrug, Carol A. Bertrand, and Marcus A. Mall Department of Translational Pulmonology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Cognitive and personality predictors of school performance from preschool to secondary school: An overarching model.

In this article, existing research investigating how school performance relates to cognitive, self-awareness, language, and personality processes is reviewed. We outline the architecture of the mind, involving a general factor, g, that underlies distinct mental processes (i.e., executive, reasoning, language, cognizance, and personality processes). From preschool to adolescence, g shifts from executive to reasoning and cognizance processes; personality also changes, consolidating in adolescence. There are three major trends in the existing literature: (a) All processes are highly predictive of school achievement if measured alone, each accounting for ∼20% of its variance; (b) when measured together, cognitive processes (executive functions and representational awareness in preschool and fluid intelligence after late primary school) dominate as predictors (over ∼50%), drastically absorbing self-concepts and personality dispositions that drop to ∼3%-5%; and (c) predictive power changes according to the processes forming g at successive levels: attention control and representational awareness in preschool (∼85%); fluid intelligence, language, and working memory in primary school (∼53%); fluid intelligence, language, self-evaluation, and school-specific self-concepts in secondary school (∼70%). Stability and plasticity of personality emerge as predictors in secondary school. A theory of educational priorities is proposed, arguing that (a) executive and awareness processes; (b) information management; and (c) reasoning, self-evaluation, and flexibility in knowledge building must dominate in preschool, primary, and secondary school, respectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Identification of a New Spinel-Rich Lunar Rock Type by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M (sup 3))

Introduction. The canonical characterization of the lunar crust is based principally on available Apollo, Luna, and meteorite samples. The crust is described as an anorthosite-rich cumulate produced by the lunar magma ocean that has been infused with a mix of Mgsuite components. These have been mixed and redistributed during the late heavy bombardment and basin forming events. We report a new rock-type detected on the farside of the Moon by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M 3 ) on Chandrayaan-1 that does not easily fit with current crustal evolution models. The rock-type is dominated by Mg-spinel with no detectible pyroxene or olivine present (<5%). It occurs along the western inner ring of Moscoviense Basin as one of several discrete areas that exhibit unusual compositions relative to their surroundings but without morphological evidence for separate processes leading to exposure. New Compositional Data. Lower-resolution M 3
Rickettsia conorii is a potent complement activator in vivo and combined inhibition of 3 complement and CD 14 is required for attenuation of the cytokine response ex vivo 4 5

Original article – E-only 1 2 Rickettsia conorii is a potent complement activator in vivo and combined inhibition of 3 complement and CD14 is required for attenuation of the cytokine response ex vivo 4 5 Kari Otterdal 1 , Aránzazu Portillo 2 , Elisabeth Astrup 1,3 , Judith K. Ludviksen 4 , Camilla 6 Schjalm 3,5 , Didier Raoult 6 , Juan P Olano 7 , Bente Halvorsen 1,3,8 , José A. Oteo 2 , Pål 7 Aukrust 1,3,8,9 , Tom E. Mollnes 3,4,5,8,10,11 , Per H. Nilsson 5,8* 8 9
Glycaemic responses in Asian and non-Asian people with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin glargine 100â€ ̄units/mL: A patient-level pooled analysis of 16 randomised controlled trials

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres. 2017.11. 025 0168-8227/ 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. * Corresponding author at: Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 9/F, Lui Che W Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong. Tel. : +852 3505 3138. E-mail address: jchan@cuhk.edu. hk (J.C.N. Chan). Juliana C.N. Chan *, Pongamorn Bunnag , Siew P. Chan , Iris T.I. Tan , Shih-Tzer Tsai , Ling Gao , Wolfgang Landgraf g Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia University of The Philippines, Manila, Philippines Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Analysta Inc., Somerset, NJ, USA g Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
Hemostatic efficacy of pathogen-inactivated-versus untreated-platelets : a randomized controlled trial

Pathogen inactivation of platelet concentrates reduces the risk of blood-borne infections. However, its effect on platelet function and hemostatic efficacy of transfusion is unclear. We conducted a randomized noninferiority trial comparing the efficacy of pathogen inactivated platelets using riboflavin and ultraviolet B illumination technology (intervention) compared to standard plasma-stored platelets (control) for the prevention of bleeding in patients with hematologic malignancies and thrombocytopenia. The primary outcome parameter was the proportion of transfusion treatment periods in which the patient had grade 2 or higher bleeding as defined by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Between November 2010 and April 2016, 469 unique patients were randomized to 567 transfusion treatment periods (283 in the control arm, 284 in the intervention arm). There was a 3% absolute difference in grade ≥ 2 bleeding in the intention-to-treat analysis: 51% of the transfusion treatment periods in the control arm and 54% in the intervention arm (95% CI -6 to 11, p-value for noninferiority 0.012). In the per-protocol analysis, however, difference in grade ≥ 2 bleeding was 8%: 44% in the control arm and 52% in the intervention arm (95% CI -2 to 18, p-value for noninferiority 0.19). Transfusion increment parameters were about 50% lower in the intervention arm. There was no difference in the proportion of patients developing HLA class I alloantibodies. In conclusion, the noninferiority criterion for pathogen inactivated platelets was met in the intention-to-treat analysis. This finding was not demonstrated in the per protocol analysis. (The Netherlands National Trial Registry number: NTR2106). For personal use only. on May 17, 2018. by guest www.bloodjournal. org From
Effects of future climate change on a river habitat in an italian alpine catchment

AbstractThe impact of prospective climate change on the hydrological and ecological status of the mountain stretch of the Serio river (ca. 300 km2) in the Northern Italian Alps was investigated. A hydrological model was used to mimic theflow regime, and experimental suitability curves were used to assess weighted usable area (WUA) for brown trout (Salmo trutta) in different stages (adult, young, and spawning), and four macroinvertebrates families (Leuctridae, Heptageniidae, Limnephilidae, and Limoniidae). Discharge-WUA curves were obtained using instream flow incremental methodology/physical habitat simulation system (IFIM-PHABSIM), and a seasonal WUA assessment was carried out. The future (until 2100) hydrological cycle was projected using outputs from two general circulation models from Assessment Report 5 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The results display a potential for a large flow decrease yearly, until −60% at 2050 and −56% at 2090. Spring melt peaks will be largely dampe.
Spectroscopic Investigation of Red Stains affecting the Carrara Marble Façade of the Certosa of Pavia

The nature of the large red stains exhibited on the Carrara marble elements of the Certosa of Pavia facade was investigated by means of spectroscopic techniques and scanning electron microscopy. Although previous microbiological analysis has demonstrated the presence on the stone of a bacterial strain identified as Micrococcus roseus that is capable of carotenoid production, it has been ascertained in the present study that an inorganic pigment, namely Pb3 O 4 , is responsible for the observed coloration. On small green spots, the presence of photosynthetic microorganisms has been demonstrated by microbiological analysis and confirmed by resonance Raman spectroscopy.
continuous egFr tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment with or without chemotherapy beyond gradual progression in non-small cell lung cancer patients

Background: Several clinical studies have demonstrated that continuous administration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) could provide additional survival benefit for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who had benefited from prior EGFR TKI therapy. However, whether EGFR TKI combined with chemotherapy could further prolong survival in patients with gradual progression is still unclear. The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcome of continuous EGFR TKI treatment in combination with chemotherapy (combination group) versus continuous EGFR TKI treatment only (monotherapy group) in such a clinical setting. Methods: We designed a cohort study to collect all chart data of NSCLC patients treated with EGFR TKI in our institution from February 2012 to December 2015 retrospectively and followed up the clinical outcome of EGFR TKI monotherapy or therapy in combination with chemotherapy until April 2017 prospectively. All eligible patients had to meet the criteria of gradual progression. The time interval of progression-free survival 1 (PFS1, gradual progression or death) to PFS2 (off-EGFR TKI progression), and overall survival (OS) between the above 2 groups were used in survival analysis. Results: In all, 50 patients were included in our study. Patients’ baseline characteristics were well balanced. Exon 19 deletion mutations and L858R point mutations were detected in 16 and 8 patients, respectively. Twenty, 22, and 8 patients were treated with EGFR TKI in the first, second, and third line setting, respectively. The time interval from PFS1 to PFS2 was 92 and 37 days (monotherapy vs combination), respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61–2.21, P = 0.652). The median OS in the monotherapy group and combination group was 696 and 799 days, respectively (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.33–1.71, P = 0.501). There were no statistical differences between the 2 groups in terms of the time interval from PFS1 to PFS2 and OS. Conclusion: Our results suggested that compared with EGFR TKI monotherapy, its combination with chemotherapy beyond gradual progression may not confer a significant survival benefit to NSCLC patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to reinforce the results of the study.
Calculation of discharge of debris flows caused by moraine-dam failure at midui gully, Tibet, China

Debris flows caused by moraine-dam failure are common on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Peak discharges of debris flows should be predicted to evaluate the risk to people and property in valleys below the moraine dams. On the basis of the critical wave method, we have reduced a new series of formulas about the peak discharge of debris flow, including the peak discharge Q(max)(d) at the outlet of a failed moraine-dammed lake: Q(max)(d) = kq(m) or Q(max)(d) = kQ(max), and and the maximal height of the flow below the dam (H-max(d)): H-max(d) = eta k(H) H-max. The calculated peak discharge agrees well with the estimate based on the field data at Midui Gully, Tibet. The critical wave method may be applicable to moraine darns in other areas, including the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region and the European Alps.
Separation of mainlobe and sidelobe contributions to B-mode ultrasound images based on the aperture spectrum

Isolating the mainlobe and sidelobe contribution to an ultrasound image can improve imaging contrast by removing sidelobe clutter. Previous work achieves the separation of mainlobe and sidelobe contributions based on the covariance of received signals. However, formation of a covariance matrix of receive signals at each imaging point can be computationally burdensome and memory intensive for real-time applications. This work demonstrates that the mainlobe and sidelobe contribution to the ultrasound image can be isolated based on the receive aperture spectrum, which greatly reduces computational and memory requirements. This aperture spectrumbased approach is shown to improve lesion contrast by16.5-41.2 dB beyond conventional delay-and-sum B-mode imaging, while the prior method based on the covariance model achieves 6.1 to 21.9 dB contrast improvement beyond conventional delay-and-sum.
Recovery of Mediterranean Vegetation after Recurrent Forest Fires: Insight from the 2010 Forest Fire on Mount Carmel, Israel

The December 2010 forest fire on Mount Carmel – the largest recorded in Israel – burned about 2500 ha of Mediterranean forest. We documented the immediate and short‐term changes of the vegetation following this fire. Relative vegetation cover and plant species richness were sampled in five sites in spring 2009 and 2010, prior to the fire, and were re‐sampled in 2011 and 2012. The number of recurrent fires (between 0 and 3) and time intervals between fires were documented for each site. We observed a strong decrease in total vegetation cover, associated with reduction of relative cover of woody vegetation. In the second year after the fire, shrubs and dwarf shrubs became dominant at all sites. Time intervals between fires played an important role in determining the extent of regeneration of the vegetation cover and plant species richness. Plant species richness immediately decreased after the fire in sites with a short fire interval, while in sites with a long fire interval, plant species richness increased. Relative plant cover was associated with the time from the last previous fire, and this association differed among different plant groups. These results suggest that vegetation and plant community regeneration after recurrent fires is accelerated when time intervals between fires are longer, whereas high fire frequency may suppress vegetation regeneration. Based on the results, we propose that forest regeneration after recurrent fires depends largely on time from the previous fire, rather than on the number of previous fires. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolving Gene Expression: from G to E to G Â E

Analyses of gene expression data sets for multiple individuals and species promise to shed light on the mode of evolution of gene expression. However, complementary complexities challenge this goal. Characterization of the genetic variation underlying gene expression can easily be compromised by lack of environmental control. Conversely , the breadth of conclusions from studies of environmental effects has been limited by the use of single strains. Controlled studies have hinted at extensive gene Â environment interaction. Thus, both genetics and environment are key components in models of the evolution of gene expression. We review the literature on the evolution of gene expression in terms of genetics (G), environmental response (E) and G Â E interactions to make this conceptual point. Introduction As genomic sequence accumulates for organisms across the tree of life, a central goal of evolutionary biology is to map the relationship of genotype to phenotype. One of the earliest accessible phenotypes consists of the timing, quantity and sequence of mRNA transcribed. Thus, describing within-species diversity (polymorphism) and between-species variation (divergence) for mRNA levels at a genomic scale may provide insight into phenotypic evolution. Although micro-arrays and high-throughput mRNA sequence census techniques have enabled the scientific community to amass extensive data on gene expression variation, transcrip-tomics has yet to deliver a clear picture of the evolutionary process leading to extant patterns of variation. Interpreting the evolutionary dynamics of gene expression data will require (i) the development of clear hypotheses for the patterns of gene expression variation expected under varying evolutionary models; and (ii) evaluation of the fit of observed gene expression variation to predictions of competing hypotheses. Generating explicit testable predictions will be simplified by construction of evolutionary models specifying the roles of fundamental processes such as mutation and selection in shaping variation. Furthermore, the environmentally plastic nature of gene expression should be taken into account when testing models of the genetic evolution of gene expression as variation in gene expression owing to environmental differences sometimes exceeds that owing to genetic variation [1]. Moreover, recent studies hint that gene Â environment (G Â E) interactions might constitute a larger proportion of gene expression variation than previously appreciated. Thus, the evolution of gene expression phenotypes might be best modeled as genotypic responses to
A network-level explanation for the differences in HIV prevalence in South Africa's racial groups

Analyses of individual-level risk factors have not been able to adequately explain why HIV has spread so extensively in southern Africa and why this has occurred especially within certain racial or ethnic groups. Using data from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of adolescents aged 14-22 living in Cape Town, South Africa, this article presents evidence of how differences in individual-level risk factors as well as sexual network structures between different racial or ethnic groups may help explain the differential spread of HIV in South Africa. Particular emphasis is placed on how levels of partner concurrency, respondent concurrency, mutual concurrency, serial concurrency and numbers of sexual partners and an average early age of sexual debut combine in different ways in the different racial or ethnic groups to create networks of sexual partnerships that differ in the density of their interconnections and hence potential for HIV spread. These network-level differences offer a potential explanation for the observed generalised HIV epidemic seen among the population of black South Africans.
Paediatric antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa: a review of published clinical studies

Knowledge of the experience and outcomes of current paediatric antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes in sub-Saharan Africa can inform new programmes in the region as well as enhance existing ones. This is urgently needed to facilitate the scale-up of treatment, which is needed to address the burden of paediatric HIV cases on the continent. We reviewed the characteristics and outcomes of programmes with clinical paediatric ART studies published prior to 1 January 2008. The outcomes of the studies were comparable to similar ones from developed countries; however, the duration of follow-up was relatively limited in almost all the studies reviewed. One-year survival probability was between 84% and 91%, and considerable improvement in the clinical, immunologic and viral status of the paediatric patients was generally recorded. Loss to follow-up was less than 10% in all but two studies. Adherence to treatment was good and few adverse events were reported. This is despite the fact that many programmes were subject to enormous constraints in terms of health services, and despite widespread use of adult fixed-dose combinations for paediatric patients, including young infants. While the majority of children commencing ART were severely ill, most children were old (median age >5 years for almost all studies) with relatively few infants and young children (age <2 years) receiving treatment. This is in contrast to knowledge of rapid disease progression in the majority of HIV-infected infants and despite the World Health Organization's recent recommendations to commence ART in all HIV-infected infants less than one year old. There is an urgent need to address barriers to ART for infants. Studies of the outcomes of programmes treating infants as well as those with longer-term follow-up are also needed.