Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus and Ischemic DiseasesSignificance

In patients with diabetes mellitus, the ability of ischemic tissue to synchronize the molecular and cellular events leading to restoration of tissue perfusion in response to the atherosclerotic occlusion of a patent artery is markedly impaired. As a consequence, adverse tissue remodeling and the extent of ischemic injury are intensified, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has implicated alterations in hypoxia-inducible factor 1 levels in the abrogation of proangiogenic pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor A/phosphoinositide 3′ kinase/AKT/endothelial nitric oxide synthase and in the activation of antiangiogenic signals characterized by accumulation of advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species overproduction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the diabetic milieu shows a switch toward proinflammatory antiregenerative pathways. Finally, the mobilization, subsequent recruitment, and the proangiogenic potential of the different subsets of angiogenesis-promoting bone marrow–derived cells are markedly impaired in the diabetic environment. In this review, we will give an overview of the current understanding on the signaling molecules contributing to the diabetes mellitus–induced impairment of postischemic revascularization mainly in the setting of myocardial infarction or critical limb ischemia. # Significance {#article-title-101}
3’UTR-Seq analysis of chicken abdominal adipose tissue reveals widespread intron retention in 3’UTR and provides insight into molecular basis of feed efficiency

Feed efficiency (FE) is an important trait in the broiler industry due to its direct correlation to efficient muscle growth instead of fat deposition. The present study characterized and compared gene expression profiles in abdominal fat from broiler chickens of different FE levels to enhance the understanding of FE biology. Specifically, traditional whole-transcript RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and 3’ UTR-sequencing (3’ UTR-seq) were applied to 22 and 61 samples, respectively. Overall, these two sequencing techniques shared a high correlation (0.76) between normalized counts, although 3’ UTR-seq showed a higher variance in sequencing and mapping performance statistics across samples and a lower rate of uniquely mapped reads. A higher percentage of 3’ UTR-seq reads mapped to introns suggested the frequent presence of cleavage sites in introns, thus warranting future research to study its regulatory function. Differential expression analysis identified 1198 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high FE (HFE) and intermediate FE (IFE) chickens with False Discovery Rate < 0.05 and fold change > 1.2. The processes that were significantly enriched by the DEGs included extracellular matrix remodeling and mechanisms impacting gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested that the divergence in fat deposition and FE in broiler chickens could be associated with peroxisome and lipid metabolism possibly regulated by G0/G1 switch gene 2 (G0S2).
Military Provision of Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief in Non-Conflict Crises

Abstract There is an upward trend in the use of military personnel and assets to provide domestic and international humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. International humanitarian law has constrained military involvement by imposing particular obligations when it comes to providing assistance. In nonconflict situations, however, these constraints are becoming increasingly unreasonable given that the priority is to fill the gap between global humanitarian capacity and actual community need. Militaries in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region have been proactively assessing their performance in humanitarian missions, and some have made significant progress in advancing civilian-military coordination. Future efforts must focus on improving the integration of military modes of operation and assets into emerging frameworks for disaster management and humanitarian efforts. Military policy makers need to assume a more active role in expanding their focus beyond response to all phases of disasters: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery.
Understanding how general practice nurses support adult lifestyle risk reduction: An integrative review

Abstract Aim To review the literature exploring how general practice nurses support lifestyle risk reduction. Design Integrative literature review. Sources CINAHL, Emcare, MEDLINE, Proquest and Scopus were searched for peer‐reviewed primary research published in English from 2010 to 2022. Methods Sixteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were extracted and thematically analysed. Results Four themes described general practice nurses: (1) Establishing relational connections; (2) Empowering active participation; (3) Engaging mutual motivation and (4) Enabling confident action. General practice nurses used complex interpersonal, risk communication and health coaching skills to build collaborative partnerships that supported patients' self‐determination and self‐efficacy. While mutual motivation and confidence were reciprocally enabling, gaps in skills, experience and knowledge plus time, resource and role constraints limited general practice nurses' ability to support lifestyle risk reduction. Conclusion General practice nurses play a key role in lifestyle risk reduction. Ongoing education, funding, organizational and professional support are needed to enhance their commitment, confidence and capacity. Impact What problem did the study address? While general practice nurses play a key role in health promotion and risk reduction, their potential is yet to be fully realized. Research examining methods by which nurses working in general practice support lifestyle risk reduction is limited. What were the main findings? Successful interactions depended on personal, professional, organisational and systemic factors which either enhanced or inhibited relational quality, shared decision‐making, mutual commitment, and nurses' confidence and capacity to address lifestyle risks. Targeted professional development and peer mentoring are needed to build proficient practice. Where and on whom will the research have impact? Understanding how general practice nurses support risk reduction can inform policy and identify training and support needs to advance their skills and role. Research exploring synergies between themes may illuminate this process.
Exploration of Human Reactions to a Humanoid Robot in Public STEM Education

The service and entertainment industry advocates the possibility of using humanoid robots; however, direct interaction experience is uncommon. To understand humans’ interactions with humanoid robots, the present study used a robot capable of face recognition and conversation in a park and a school setting to explore the behavioral patterns of humans, dialog themes, and emotional responses. Results showed that humans’ behavioral patterns included looking at the robot, talking to the robot, talking to others about the robot, and adults taking photos. School children showed strong interest to interact with the robot and rich emotional responses. Major dialog themes included greeting, asking about the robot’s identity, testing the robot’s knowledge and capabilities, asking and replying about preferences and opinions, and correcting the robot’s errors. Observed emotional responses included liking, surprise, excitement, fright, frustration, and awkwardness. Humans interacted with the robot similarly to how they would interact with other humans but also differently. The educational value and design implication for humanoid robots are discussed.
Residential wood heating: An overview of U.S. impacts and regulations

ABSTRACT Air pollution from residential wood heating poses a significant public health risk and is a primary cause of PM nonattainment in some areas of the United States. Those emissions also play a role in regional haze and climate change. While regulatory programs have focused on emissions reductions from large facilities, the residential heating sector has received limited attention. The failure to develop effective programs to address this emission source hampers the ability of state and local air quality programs to meet clean air goals. An updated New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for Residential Wood Heaters was promulgated in 2015, which includes more stringent emissions standards for wood stoves and broadens its scope to regulate additional types of wood heating appliances. However, weaknesses in the test methods and programs used to certify compliance with the NSPS limits hamper the efficacy of those requirements. Current emissions certification tests measure stove performance under defined laboratory conditions that (1) do not adequately reflect operation and performance of appliances in homes, (2) are not sufficiently repeatable to allow for comparison of emissions of different appliances, and (3) allow manufacturers leeway to modify critical test fueling and operating parameters which can significantly impact performance outcomes. These foundational regulatory issues present substantial challenges to promoting the cleanest and most efficient wood heating systems. This paper provides an overview of the air quality and public health impacts of residential wood heating and discusses the weaknesses in the current emission certification approaches and work by the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) and the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority to develop improved testing methods. Other articles in this issue discuss the development and testing of those methods in detail. Implications: Air pollution from residential wood heating poses a significant public health risk and is a primary cause of PM nonattainment in some areas of the United States. Those emissions also play a role in regional haze and climate change. While regulatory programs have focused on emissions reductions from large facilities, the residential heating sector has received limited attention. The failure to develop effective programs to address this emission source hampers the ability of state and local air quality programs to meet clean air goals. This paper provides an overview of the issue.
Externally validated models for first diagnosis and risk of progression of knee osteoarthritis

Objective We develop and externally validate two models for use with radiological knee osteoarthritis. They consist of a diagnostic model for KOA and a prognostic model of time to onset of KOA. Model development and optimisation used data from the Osteoarthritis initiative (OAI) and external validation for both models was by application to data from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). Materials and methods The diagnostic model at first presentation comprises subjects in the OAI with and without KOA (n = 2006), modelling with multivariate logistic regression. The prognostic sample involves 5-year follow-up of subjects presenting without clinical KOA (n = 1155), with modelling with Cox regression. In both instances the models used training data sets of n = 1353 and 1002 subjects and optimisation used test data sets of n = 1354 and 1003. The external validation data sets for the diagnostic and prognostic models comprised n = 2006 and n = 1155 subjects respectively. Results The classification performance of the diagnostic model on the test data has an AUC of 0.748 (0.721–0.774) and 0.670 (0.631–0.708) in external validation. The survival model has concordance scores for the OAI test set of 0.74 (0.7325–0.7439) and in external validation 0.72 (0.7190–0.7373). The survival approach stratified the population into two risk cohorts. The separation between the cohorts remains when the model is applied to the validation data. Discussion The models produced are interpretable with app interfaces that implement nomograms. The apps may be used for stratification and for patient education over the impact of modifiable risk factors. The externally validated results, by application to data from a substantial prospective observational study, show the robustness of models for likelihood of presenting with KOA at an initial assessment based on risk factors identified by the OAI protocol and stratification of risk for developing KOA in the next five years. Conclusion Modelling clinical KOA from OAI data validates well for the MOST data set. Both risk models identified key factors for differentiation of the target population from commonly available variables. With this analysis there is potential to improve clinical management of patients.
Expression Proﬁling-Based Identiﬁcation of CO 2 -Responsive Genes Regulated by CCM1 Controlling a Carbon-Concentrating Mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Photosynthetic acclimation to CO 2 -limiting stress is associated with control of genetic and physiological responses through a signal transduction pathway, followed by integrated monitoring of the environmental changes. Although several CO 2 responsive genes have been previously isolated, genome-wide analysis has not been applied to the isolation of CO 2 -responsive genes that may function as part of a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) in photosynthetic eukaryotes. By comparing expression proﬁles of cells grown under CO 2 -rich conditions with those of cells grown under CO 2 -limiting conditions using a cDNA membrane array containing 10,368 expressed sequence tags, 51 low-CO 2 inducible genes and 32 genes repressed by low CO 2 whose mRNA levels were changed more than 2.5-fold in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard were detected. The fact that the induction of almost all low-CO 2 inducible genes was impaired in the ccm1 mutant suggests that CCM1 is a master regulator of CCM through putative low-CO 2 signal transduction pathways. Among low-CO 2 inducible genes, two novel genes, LciA and LciB, were identiﬁed, which may be involved in inorganic carbon transport. Possible functions of low-CO 2 inducible and/or CCM1-regulated genes
Diﬀerential Inhibition of Shoot vs. Root Growth at Low Temperature and its Relationship with Carbohydrate Accumulation in Diﬀerent Wheat Cultivars

Shoot and root growth rate, carbohydrate accumulation (including fructan), reducing sugar content and dry matter percentage were measured in six wheat cultivars, ranging from winter to spring types, grown at either 5 or 25 (cid:176) C. At 5 (cid:176) C (compared with 25 (cid:176) C), the relative growth rate (RGR) of shoots was similarly reduced in all cultivars, but the RGR of shoots was more aﬀected in winter wheats. This diﬀerence resulted in smaller root:shoot ratios than in spring wheats, which also developed more ﬁrst-order lateral roots. A direct relationship between carbohydrate accumulation at low temperatures and reduction in root growth was established. These results suggest that diﬀerential shoot (cid:138) s . root growth inhibition at low temperature may play a key role in carbohydrate accumulation at chilling temperatures. This diﬀerential response might lead to improvements in survival at temperatures below 0 (cid:176) C, regrowth during spring, and water and nutrient absorption at low temperatures.
Monitoring of Artemisinin Combination Therapy in Igombe, Tanzania.

The development of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinin (ART), so far only reported present in south-east Asia, poses a big threat towards the malaria affected part of the world. Since we do not yet know how artemisinins work or exactly what constitutes ART resistance, an exact way to monitor its spread is difficult. Some genes have been proposed as molecular markers for a decreased ART suspectibility when containing certain polymorphisms. Among these are the genes coding for P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT), P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (PfMDR1) and now most recently the gene located on chromosome 13 that coding for the K13 kelch protein, also known as the ‘K13 propeller’. In this study data from 38 malaria patients in Igombe, Tanzania, treated with artemisinin-lumefanterine (AL) combination therapy, was used to determine the efficacy of AL treatment. Also, for the first time in this area, the prevalence of variation inside the K13 domain in the malaria parasites was quantified. Patients’ clinical status and parasite blood levels were followed up for three days and blood samples were collected for DNA sequencing. Results proved AL has a high efficacy in the area, curing all patients within three days. Furthermore, one out of 34 patients carried a possible polymorphism in its K13 nucleotide sequence. The results are consistent with the clinical situation in Tanzania, where ART combination therapy today has a good effect and resistance is not present, however, it is not possible to say
The Inﬂuence of Stator Winding Turns on the Steady-State Performances of Line-Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

: The variation of stator winding turns will directly a ﬀ ect the key parameters of a motor, such as winding resistance and winding reactance, which further a ﬀ ect the steady-state performance of the motor. In order to get excellent steady-state performance from line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors (LSPMSMs) under di ﬀ erent load powers, taking an 11 kW LSPMSM as an example, the ﬁnite element method (FEM), combined with the steady-state phasor diagram and torque angle characteristic, are used in this paper for the optimal design of the stator winding turns of the prototype. The correctness of the model is veriﬁed by comparing the experimental data with the calculated data. First, the inﬂuences of di ﬀ erent stator winding turns on the no-load, back-induced electromotive force (EMF), as well as on inductance and overload ability are studied, and the variation mechanism is obtained. In addition, from the perspective of the torque angle characteristic, the inﬂuence of the change in synchronous inductance caused by the number of turns on the steady-state power angle is studied. Second, the variation of the current and power factors with turn number is obtained by studying the steady-state power angle and end voltage. Based on the coupling relationship between the no-load back EMF and the power angle, the mechanism of non-linear variation of current and power factor is revealed. Finally, the variation of the number of turns on the core loss and eddy current loss is analyzed under various operating conditions, and the variation mechanism is revealed, based on the armature reaction theory.
EVALUATION OF ANDROGRAPHIS ECHIOIDES FOR ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES

The aim of the present study was to screen phytochemical derivatives from an Indian medicinal plant Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees and to evaluate its antioxidant potential. A preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out in plant extracts using qualitative and quantitative methods. Polar solvents showed presence of tannins, glycosides, proteins and organic acids while non-polar solvents showed presence of steroids, triterpenes and polysaccharides. The study concludes that the methanolic seed extract of plant possesses potent antibacterial property and justifies the need for further investigations and characterization of the bioactive compounds present in it. Based on the antioxidant assay results it was found that methanol extract exhibited better free radical scavenging activity than other extracts. The methanol extract exhibited
Brain-Inspired Emotional Learning for Image Classification

: In this paper, we propose a fast image classifier motivated from emotional process in the brain. Our model is named Brain Emotional Learning based Picture Classifier (BELPIC) and is modified version of Brain Emotional Learning (BEL) applied in various control applications. The distinctive feature of BELPIC is applying the activation function hardlim in the model. Here, various comparisons are made between BELPIC (available from www.bitools.ir) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) to classify the images of a typical dataset. According to the experimental results, BELPIC shows higher accuracy and lower time complexity in image classification.
UPTAKE AND DIGESTION OF ALBUMIN BY MACROPHAGES

In his original dcscriptions of pinocytosis, Lewis suggested that pinocytosed rnacrornolecules were ultimately digested by intracellular hydrolases (I). Since then, his suggestion has been confirmed by studies in a variety of cell types. Evidence for a lysosornal localization of pinocytoscd material has accumulated (2, 3) and the digestive function of lysosomes has been established (4). However, most of what is known about intralysosornal digestion has come from studies of thc fate of colloidal and particulate (5-7) material ingested by phagocytic cells. Bensch et al. observed that phagocytoscd DNA coacervates underwent rapid dissolution within fibroblast lysosornes (5), and found evidence for cellular utilization of the products of digestion (8). In biochemical studies, Cohn showed that mammalian phagocytes digested labeled bacteria to low molecular weight material which they excreted into the medium (6). At present very little is known about the uptake and extent of intraccllular digestion of soluble rnacrornolecules, or the fate of the products of digestion. Methods of harvesting and culturing homogeneous populations of macrophages have recently made possible extensive in vitro studies of pinocytosis. The biochemical and morphological correlates of pinocytosis by cultivated mouse peritoneal rnacrophages have been described in detail (9-14). When cultivated in the presence of calf serum, rnacrophages pinocytosc continually, accumulating serum proteins and other constituents of the medium. Large numbers of clear, fluid-filled vacuoles are transferred into the perinuclear zone. There they acquire hydrolytic enzymes, become phase dense, and are transformed into secondary lysosornes. Both pinocytosed molecules and hydrolytic enzyrncs arc present within the secondary lysosorne, which is presumably the site of intracellular digestion. This article is concerned with the uptake and digestion of iodinated human scrurn albumin, pinocytosed by rnacrophages in vitro.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Random dictatorship domains Random dictatorship domains

A domain of preference orderings is a random dictatorship domain if every strategy-proof random social choice function satisfying unanimity deﬁned on the domain, is a random dictatorship. Gibbard (1977) showed that the universal domain is a random dictatorship domain. We investigate the relationship between dictatorial and random dictatorship domains. We show that there exist dictatorial domains that are not random dictatorship domains. We provide stronger versions of the linked domain condition (introduced in Aswal et al. (2003)) that guarantee that a domain is a random dictatorship domain. A key step in these arguments that is of independent interest, is a ramiﬁcation result that shows that under certain assumptions, a domain that is a random dictatorship domain for two voters is also a random dictatorship domain for an arbitrary number of voters.