Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water Extract of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganoderma lucidum Induces Osteosarcoma Apoptosis and Restricts Autophagic Flux

Purpose: Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor with easy metastasis and poor prognosis. Ganoderma lucidum ( G. lucidum ), a traditional Chinese medicine, was reported playing a critical role in suppressing multiple tumor progress. So we wanted to investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of water extract of sporoderm-broken spores of G. lucidum (BSGLWE) on osteosarcoma. Methods: In vitro, the effects on cell proliferation of BSGLWE in osteosarcoma cells were detected by CCK-8, colony formation assay and ﬂ ow cytometry; migration ability of osteosarcoma cells was evaluated by cell scratch and transwell assays. Cell apoptosis and autophagy were tested by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Potential signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting and immuno ﬂ uorescence. In xenograft orthotopic model, the luminescence intensity measured by an in vivo bioluminescence imaging system, and the expression of related proteins in tumor cells were assessed by IHC analysis. Results: BSGLWE suppressed the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, and osteosarcoma cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase was arrested by the BSGLWE. In addition, increased apoptosis-related protein expression meant BSFLWE induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. TEM results indicated that BSGLWE promoted the formation of apoptotic bodies and autophagosomes in HOS and U2 cells. Western blotting or immuno ﬂ uorescence and rescue assay revealed that BSGLWE blocked autophagic ﬂ ux by inducing initiation of autophagy and increasing autophagosome accumulation of osteosarcoma cells. BSGLWE not only repressed the angiogenesis in the mouse model, but also induced apoptosis and blocked autophagy in vivo. Conclusion: BSGLWE inhibits osteosarcoma progression.
Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Previous trials have investigated the effects of low-dose aspirin on primary prevention of cardiovascular events, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of low-dose aspirin for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic events in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded, end-point trial conducted from December 2002 through April 2008 at 163 institutions throughout Japan, which enrolled 2539 patients with type 2 diabetes without a history of atherosclerotic disease and had a median follow-up of 4.37 years. INTERVENTIONS Patients were assigned to the low-dose aspirin group (81 or 100 mg per day) or the nonaspirin group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary end points were atherosclerotic events, including fatal or nonfatal ischemic heart disease, fatal or nonfatal stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Secondary end points included each primary end point and combinations of primary end points as well as death from any cause. RESULTS A total of 154 atherosclerotic events occurred: 68 in the aspirin group (13.6 per 1000 person-years) and 86 in the nonaspirin group (17.0 per 1000 person-years) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-1.10; log-rank test, P = .16). The combined end point of fatal coronary events and fatal cerebrovascular events occurred in 1 patient (stroke) in the aspirin group and 10 patients (5 fatal myocardial infarctions and 5 fatal strokes) in the nonaspirin group (HR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.79; P = .0037). A total of 34 patients in the aspirin group and 38 patients in the nonaspirin group died from any cause (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.57-1.14; log-rank test, P = .67). The composite of hemorrhagic stroke and significant gastrointestinal bleeding was not significantly different between the aspirin and nonaspirin groups. CONCLUSION In this study of patients with type 2 diabetes, low-dose aspirin as primary prevention did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00110448.
Formation Mechanism of Laser-driven Magnetized “Pillars of Creation”

The Pillars of Creation, one of the most recognized objects in the sky, are believed to be associated with the formation of young stars. However, so far, the formation and maintenance mechanism of the pillars are still not fully understood due to the complexity of the nonlinear radiation magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD). Here, assuming laboratory laser-driven conditions, we studied the self-consistent dynamics of pillar structures in magnetic fields by means of two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) RMHD simulations, and the results support our proposed experimental scheme. We find that only when the magnetic pressure and ablation pressure are comparable, the magnetic field can significantly alter the plasma hydrodynamics. For medium-magnetized cases (β initial ≈ 3.5), the initial magnetic fields undergo compression and amplification. This amplification results in the magnetic pressure inside the pillar becoming large enough to support the sides of the pillar against radial collapse due to pressure from the surrounding hot plasma. This effect is particularly pronounced for the parallel component (B y ), which is consistent with observational results. In contrast, a strong perpendicular (B x , B z ) magnetic field (β initial < 1) almost retains its initial distribution and significantly suppresses the expansion of blown-off gas plasma, leading to the inability to form pillar-like structures. The 3D simulations suggest that the bending at the head of “Column I” in the Pillars of Creation may be due to nonparallel magnetic fields. After similarity scaling transformation, our results can be applied to explain the formation and maintenance mechanism of the pillars, and can also provide useful information for future experimental designs.
Factors associated with mental health service use during the pandemic: Initiation and barriers

Background: Scarce are the studies focusing on initiation of new mental health service use (MHSU) and distinguishing individuals who have sought services but have been unsuccessful in accessing these. Aims: Assessing the factors associated with initiating new MHSU as compared to no MHSU due to self-reported no need, no MHSU due to health system and personal barriers and MHSU using resources already in place. Methods: The sample included participants (n = 16,435) in the five established regional cohorts of the Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (CanPath) who responded to the CanPath COVID-19 health surveys (May–December 2020 and January–June 2021). Multinomial regression analyses were carried out to study MHSU since the pandemic (March 2020) as a function of predisposing, enabling and need factors. Analyses were carried out in the overall sample and restricted to those with moderate and severe symptoms (MSS) of depression and/or anxiety (n = 2,237). Results: In individuals with MSS of depression and/or anxiety, 14.4% reported initiating new MHSU, 22.0% had no MHSU due to barriers and personal reasons and 36.7% had no MHSU due to self-reported no need. Age, living alone, lower income, a decrease in income during the pandemic and health professional status were associated with MHSU. Younger adults were more likely to initiate MHSU during the pandemic than older adults who reported not being comfortable to seek mental health care or self-reported no need. Individuals living alone and with lower income were more likely to report not being able to find an appointment for mental health care. Conclusions: Awareness campaigns focusing on older adults that explain the importance of seeking treatment is needed, as well as sensitising health professionals as to the importance of informing and aiding individuals at risk of social isolation and lower socio-economic status as to available mental health resources and facilitating access to care.
Spectroscopic Observations of Asteroid 4 Vesta from 1.9 to 3.5 micron: Evidence of Hydrated and/or Hydroxylated Minerals

OF HYDRATED AND/OR HYDROXYLATED MINERALS. S. Hasegawa, T. Hiroi, M. Ishiguro, H. Nonaka, N. Takato, C. J. Davis, M. Ueno, and K. Murakawa, Department of Planetary Science, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan, hasegawa@planeta.sci.isas.jaxa.jp), Department of Geological Science, Brown University (Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA), Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii (2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA), Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA), Joint Astronomy Centre (660 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo (Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan).
Selected Papers

This study demonstrates that an income reminder can effectively reduce the downward bias in willingness-to-pay estimate associated with the open-ended elicitation format and the upward bias in willingness-to-pay estimate related to the dichotomous-choice format. The income reminder almost eliminated the divergence between the willingness-to-pay estimates associated with these two elicitation forms.
The effects of a changing climate on root respiration of woody plants in sugar maple forests and northern peatlands

Climate change will potentially impact C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems during the next century. Plant respiration uses a significant portion of CO2 fixed during photosynthesis, and predicted warmer future temperatures could result in an exponential increase in plant respiration, increasing the amount of photosynthate returned to the atmosphere as new CO2, and decreasing the amount of C sequestered in new plant biomass. One way a plant may counteract this C loss is through metabolic acclimation, a physiological downregulation of respiration at increased temperature. This study examined root respiration in an experimentally warmed sugar maple dominated northern hardwood forest in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States. The objective was to determine if fine roots of these trees had the capacity to acclimate to warmer soil temperatures (+4 °C) and minimize the C loss from the ecosystem. This study was conducted from 2009-2011, and included a pre-treatment period from May 2009 through June 2010, with the initiation of treatments during late summer of 2010 and continuing throughout the growing season of 2011. Root respiration was measured biweekly throughout the growing season, at both ambient soil temperature for the sample date and at a reference temperature of 18°C. The pre-treatment period found no inherent differences between any of the future treatment 15 plots. Part of the experimental design consisted of an additional treatment of heat and water (ambient +30%), intended to maintain adequate soil moisture content for heated soil experiencing increased evaporative demand. The heat + water treatment allowed us to assess whether apparent acclimation due to soil warming was due to increased temperature or simply a reduction in respiration associated with drier soil conditions. During the treatment period we found down-regulation of metabolic capacity (respiration rate at the 18°C reference temperature) for the plots receiving the heat treatment. Much of this was due to drier soil conditions caused by heating, but when soil moisture effects were accounted for, there was still down-regulation of root respiration with heating, indicating a slight degree of acclimation. The combined effects of dry soil conditions and acclimation resulted in average root respiration for the heat and heat + water treatments being 6 and 26% greater, respectively, than in the control, which is far less than the 48% increase that would have resulted if a simple exponential increase had occurred for the 4°C increase in soil temperature.
Heat transfer and pressure drop correlations for laminar flow in an in-line and staggered array of circular cylinders

Abstract Enhanced heat transfer surfaces based on cylindrically shaped pin fins with wire diameters in the range of 100 µm were analyzed. The design is based on a high pin length to diameter ratio in the range of 20–100. Correlations for thermal and fluid dynamic characteristics of these fine wire structures are not available in literature. An in-line and staggered arrangement of pins were simulated for a variety of operational and geometrical conditions with a two-dimensional computational thermal and fluid dynamics model. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor with respect to Reynolds number and geometry were derived thereby. Reynolds numbers based on the wire diameter are in the range of 3–60. The correlations for the Nusselt number and friction factor can predict 93% and 97% of the simulated data within ±10%.
Dupilumab induced ocular surface disease: A prospective case series.

PURPOSE To identify the incidence, risk factors, demographics, and clinical profile of dupilumab-induced ocular surface disease (DIOSD) in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), propose a standardised treatment protocol (STP) and evaluate the response. METHODS Prospective case series of AD patients treated in the Dermatology Department, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK developing ocular symptoms after commencing Dupilumab between September 2018 and February 2020. A standard history and examination protocol were used including subjective symptom severity grading and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire on each visit. Standard treatment was prescribed, and response evaluated. RESULTS 32 of 113 included patients (28.31%) developed DIOSD, of which 20 (62.5%) were referred to the Cornea Service. Median age was 38.0 years (IQR 26.8; range 19-74). Male to female ratio was 1:1. Average time to onset of ocular symptoms from starting dupilumab was 9.2 weeks (IQR 8.8; range 0.1-40). 90% patients had bilateral conjunctival inflammation and blepharitis at presentation. Significant improvement in the subjective severity scale and the median OSDI score (from 34.0 to 10.2) was noted in response to topical eye treatment. Dupilumab was discontinued in none. CONCLUSIONS DIOSD is not uncommon although, with timely referral and appropriate topical treatment better clinical outcome and patient satisfaction can be achieved without the need to discontinue Dupilumab. Prior allergic conjunctivitis did not affect the incidence or severity of DIOSD. Further prospective studies with longer follow-up and more focus on possible disease mechanism such as goblet cell related changes and immune response are needed.
Natural anti‐inflammatory products for osteoarthritis: From molecular mechanism to drug delivery systems and clinical trials

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions globally. The present nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug treatments have different side effects, leading researchers to focus on natural anti‐inflammatory products (NAIPs). To review the effectiveness and mechanisms of NAIPs in the cellular microenvironment, examining their impact on OA cell phenotype and organelles levels. Additionally, we summarize relevant research on drug delivery systems and clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to promote clinical studies and explore natural product delivery options. English‐language articles were searched on PubMed using the search terms “natural products,” “OA,” and so forth. We categorized search results based on PubChem and excluded “natural products” which are mix of ingredients or compounds without the structure message. Then further review was separately conducted for molecular mechanisms, drug delivery systems, and RCTs later. At present, it cannot be considered that NAIPs can thoroughly prevent or cure OA. Further high‐quality studies on the anti‐inflammatory mechanism and drug delivery systems of NAIPs are needed, to determine the appropriate drug types and regimens for clinical application, and to explore the combined effects of different NAIPs to prevent and treat OA.
An Analysis of Crisis Communication Delivered by the Chief Health Officer During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Queensland, Australia

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the state of Queensland, Australia, had relative success in containing viral transmission, presenting a unique case for potential insights into effective crisis management. Limited research exists into the communication style and effectiveness of Chief Health Officers (CHOs) throughout pandemic scenarios. Using an adapted Crisis Emergency and Risk Communication (CERC) framework based on 12 themes which indirectly assess domains of trust, credibility, transparency, and accountability. A content analysis of 107 press conferences dating from January 30th to December 24th, 2020 was conducted to analyze crisis communication style delivered by the Queensland CHO and guest speakers. Our analysis found that most communication aligned with the CERC framework, suggesting that adherence to CERC themes in crisis communication may have played an important role in the state’s success. However, areas which were lacking included themes relating to efforts to address, search and gather knowledge. Analysis also revealed that some CERC themes overlapped or were missing, thus triggering the development of a modified framework to provide a more succinct coding model. Our findings demonstrate the importance communication plays in successful crisis management and the modified framework can be applied to analyze communication at national and sub-national levels.
Tumor Budding and Poor Prognosis in Oral Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Tumor budding (TB) has been investigated in several types of solid tumors. In oral cancer, studies show its association with survival. However, for its implementation in routine histological analyses, results with a high certainty of evidence are needed. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to explore the association between tumor budding and overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in oral cancer. Methods: A search was performed in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Livivo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We adopted the following inclusion criteria: studies that evaluate tumor budding in oral cancer, that investigate survival, and presenting cohort design. We excluded reviews and studies without hazard-ratio (HR) data. Results: This systematic review included 22 studies and showed an association between TB and survival. High-grade TB is associated with a worse OS in univariate analysis (HR = 3.11; 95% CI: 2.06-4.69, p<0.01) and multivariate analysis (HR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.64-4.20, p<0.01); with a poorer DSS in univariate (HR = 2.43; 95% CI: 1.94-3.03, p<0.01) and multivariate analysis (HR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.43-2.83, p< 0.01); and with a worse DFS in univariate (HR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.44-2.62, p<0.01) and multivariate analysis (HR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.31-3.53, p< 0.01). Sensitivity analysis showed that the results are robust, and no significant publication bias was identified in univariate analysis for DFS (Egger’s test: p = 0.94). The certainty of the evidence was graded as low or very low. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that TB is an independent prognostic factor of OS, DSS, and DFS in oral cancer. However, further studies are needed to increase the certainty of the evidence.
Validation of Ship Signatures in Envisat ASAR AP Mode Data using AISLive: Data Acquisition, Processing, and Analysis Results

Abstract : Ships appear in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ocean imagery as bright targets against the ocean clutter background. Envisat Advanced SAR (ASAR) Alternating Polarization (AP) mode data acquisitions over the Strait of Dover and the Strait of Gibraltar, two high-density shipping regions with Automatic Identification System (AIS) coverage via AISLive, have provided a large database of validated ship signatures. For each validated ship signature, several metrics were computed including the clutter statistics, the total radar cross section of each ship, and the ship signature length. These metrics were evaluated in terms of the polarization, the local incidence angle, the validated ship length, the target to clutter ratio, and the ship aspect angle. This is a very rich data set that has yielded new observations and insights to ship detectability by SAR. These results could have bearing on the design of future SAR modes or SAR missions, and could be used to improve the performance of ship detection software.
The effect of propolis supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis: A double‐blind, placebo, controlled randomized clinical trial

Propolis has gained popularity in recent years because of its beneficial properties, which make it a possible preventative and therapeutic agent as well as a valuable food and cosmetic ingredient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of propolis supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in women with rheumatoid arthritis. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was performed among 48 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects were randomly assigned to placebo and intervention groups, supplemented with 1000 mg/day of propolis for 12 weeks. Cardiovascular risk factors including, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP‐1), Nitric oxide, blood pressure, and lipid profile were assessed pre‐and post‐intervention. The atherogenic index of plasma value, as well as total cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), triglyceride/HDL‐C, and non‐HDL‐C/HDL‐C ratios, were significantly reduced in the intervention group, compared with the placebo group post‐intervention (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the serum level of hs‐CRP in the intervention group when compared with the placebo group (p = 0.001). Furthermore, propolis supplementation could marginally reduce MCP‐1 (p = 0.051). These data indicate that propolis supplementation may be a promising treatment strategy for cardiovascular complications among rheumatoid arthritis patients.