Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Spaces and Urban Ecosystem Services. Cooling Effect towards Urban Planning in South American Cities

Open space (OS) is a key element in the provision of ecosystem services (ES) in urban environments. Under a land cover-land use perspective, cities are incorporating into the expansion process to different types of surfaces: sealed, paved surfaces and OS. The first corresponds to a land cover change while the second, which includes bare soil, grass, forest or any other type of non-sealed surface, corresponds to a land use change, without physical transformations. As a land use change OS is able to keep fundamental pre-existing ecological properties. However, besides specific ecological characteristics, the overall capacity to provide ES depends also on the size, number and spatial distribution of OSs within the urban fabric. Those aspects which can determine the very ecological performance of urban ecosystem services (UES) are not yet included in the current urban planning in Latin America. OS is still understood mainly as green infrastructure and related mostly with aesthetic and cultural benefits. On the contrary, under an ecological point of view, OS is capable to provide fundamental UES, which can be spatially assessed and analyzed. In this paper the provision of cooling services (CS) is assessed in 2 South American cities: Lima and Santiago de Chile. The provision of CS is measured by means of a Remote Sensing-GIS-based method. Two aspects of CS are explored: (1) the current amount of existing OS; and (2) the trend of increasing/reducing CS within the urban tissue, in a dynamic assessment of spatial distribution and rates of OS incorporation to the continuous urban tissue. The aim is to analyze the CS generated by OS in those two cities. The analysis discusses the role of OS in the provision of CS, considering the current urban development trends and planning practice in these specific Latin American cities, highlighting the need to keep unsealed surfaces and increase in trees coverage, to retain the CS provision in certain levels.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism Among Patients With COPD Hospitalized With Acutely Worsening Respiratory Symptoms.

Importance The prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acutely worsening respiratory symptoms remains uncertain. Objective To determine the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COPD admitted to the hospital for acutely worsening respiratory symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter cross-sectional study with prospective follow-up conducted in 7 French hospitals. A predefined pulmonary embolism diagnostic algorithm based on Geneva score, D-dimer levels, and spiral computed tomographic pulmonary angiography plus leg compression ultrasound was applied within 48 hours of admission; all patients had 3-month follow-up. Patients were recruited from January 2014 to May 2017 and the final date of follow-up was August 22, 2017. Exposures Acutely worsening respiratory symptoms in patients with COPD. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was pulmonary embolism diagnosed within 48 hours of admission. Key secondary outcome was pulmonary embolism during a 3-month follow-up among patients deemed not to have venous thromboembolism at admission and who did not receive anticoagulant treatment. Other outcomes were venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis) at admission and during follow-up, and 3-month mortality, whether venous thromboembolism was clinically suspected or not. Results Among 740 included patients (mean age, 68.2 years [SD, 10.9 years]; 274 women [37.0%]), pulmonary embolism was confirmed within 48 hours of admission in 44 patients (5.9%; 95% CI, 4.5%-7.9%). Among the 670 patients deemed not to have venous thromboembolism at admission and who did not receive anticoagulation, pulmonary embolism occurred in 5 patients (0.7%; 95% CI, 0.3%-1.7%) during follow-up, including 3 deaths related to pulmonary embolism. The overall 3-month mortality rate was 6.8% (50 of 740; 95% CI, 5.2%-8.8%). The proportion of patients who died during follow-up was higher among those with venous thromboembolism at admission than the proportion of those without it at admission (14 [25.9%] of 54 patients vs 36 [5.2%] of 686; risk difference, 20.7%, 95% CI, 10.7%-33.8%; P < .001). The prevalence of venous thromboembolism was 11.7% (95% CI, 8.6%-15.9%) among patients in whom pulmonary embolism was suspected (n = 299) and was 4.3% (95% CI, 2.8%-6.6%) among those in whom pulmonary embolism was not suspected (n = 441). Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to the hospital with an acute worsening of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary embolism was detected in 5.9% of patients using a predefined diagnostic algorithm. Further research is needed to understand the possible role of systematic screening for pulmonary embolism in this patient population.
Shelf-basin exchange times of Arctic surface waters estimated from 228Th/228Ra disequilibrium

The transpolar drift is strongly enriched in 228Ra accumulated on the wide Arctic shelves with subsequent rapid offshore transport. We present new data of Polarstern expeditions to the central Arctic and to the Kara and Laptev seas. Because 226Ra activities in Pacific waters are 30% higher than in Atlantic waters, we correct 226Ra for the Pacific admixture when normalizing 228Ra with 226Ra. The use of 228Ra decay as age marker critically depends on the constancy in space and time of the source activity, a condition that has not yet adequately been tested. While 228Ra decays during transit over the central basin, ingrowth of 228Th could provide an alternative age marker. The high 228Th/228Ra activity ratio (AR = 0.8–1.0) in the central basins is incompatible with a mixing model based on horizontal eddy diffusion. An advective model predicts that 228Th grows to an equilibrium AR, the value of which depends on the scavenging regime. The low AR over the Lomonosov Ridge (AR = 0.5) can be due to either rapid transport (minimum age without scavenging 1.1 year) or enhanced scavenging. Suspended particulate matter load (derived from beam transmission and particulate 234Th) and total 234Th depletion data show that scavenging, although extremely low in the central Arctic, is enhanced over the Lomonosov Ridge, making an age of 3 years more likely. The combined data of 228Ra decay and 228Th ingrowth confirm the existence of a recirculating gyre in the surface water of the eastern Eurasian Basin with a river water residence time of at least 3 years.
Extranuclear localization of endogenous 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 in aldosterone target cells.

Type 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD2) plays a key role in conferring aldosterone selectivity on the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) by inactivating intracellular glucocorticoids before they can occupy the MR. 11betaHSD2 is a microsomal enzyme expressed in aldosterone target cells, although its subcellular distribution is still unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the subcellular localization of the endogenous 11betaHSD2 in renal aldosterone target cells. We generated an antibody against rabbit 11betaHSD2 and used it in combination with a nuclear marker and confocal laser scanning microscopy. On Western blots the antibody recognized a single band of approximately 41 kDa in the renal cortical collecting duct, outer medullary collecting duct, submandibular gland and adrenal cortex, whereas the colon, liver, renal medulla, and heart were negative. Immunohistochemistry showed specific reaction in the known aldosterone target cells of the kidney (connecting tubule, cortical collecting duct, and outer medullary collecting duct) with no signals over glomeruli, proximal nephron segments, and blood vessels. Staining for 11betaHSD2 was very weak in rabbit colon, and no immunoreactivity could be detected in the heart and brain. Confocal microscopy of kidney sections costained with the 11betaHSD2 antibody and the nuclear marker propidium iodide demonstrated that 11betaHSD2 is in the cytoplasmic compartment with no evidence for nuclear localization. Subcellular localization of 11betaHSD2 to a cytoplasmic compartment seems ideal for fulfilling its biological function, i.e. the efficient inactivation of intracellular glucocorticoids before they occupy MRs, which are predominantly cytoplasmic in the absence of hormone.
Biomarkers in Relation to the Effects of Ticagrelor in Comparison With Clopidogrel in Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Managed With or Without In-Hospital Revascularization A Substudy From the Prospective Randomized Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) Trial

Background —Risk stratification and the use of specific biomarkers have been proposed for tailoring treatment in patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). We investigated the prognostic importance of high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in relation to randomized treatment (ticagrelor versus clopidogrel) and management strategy (with or without revascularization) in the NSTE-ACS subgroup of the Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. managed patients, but no apparent benefit was seen at normal hs-TnT. congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, previous MI, pre- vious PCI, previous CABG, ST depression in ECG at entry, and the declaration of planned invasive or noninvasive treatment at random- ization were included. The results from the models were presented as estimated hazard ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, of the treat- ment effect of ticagrelor using clopidogrel as reference. The treatment hazard ratios were reported for each level of the biomarker, regardless of the significance of interaction. The proportional hazards assump-tion, with respect to the cardiac biomarkers, was assessed by visual inspection of log-cumulative hazard plots. Kaplan-Meier curves were estimated for the time to event for each cutoff range of the biomarker and the log-rank test was calculated. All analyses were performed by using SAS version 9.2. A P value of 0.05 was used as a critical value determining statistical significance, and there were no adjustments for multiple comparisons. treatment, interaction between treatment and biomarker level and established risk factors as covariates. Established risk factors in the model are sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, hypertension, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, previous MI, previous PCI, previous CABG, ST-depression in ECG at entry, and declaration of planned invasive or noninvasive treatment at randomization.
Semantically defined subdomains of functional neuroimaging literature and their corresponding brain regions

The functional neuroimaging literature has become increasingly complex and thus difficult to navigate. This complexity arises from the rate at which new studies are published and from the terminology that varies widely from study‐to‐study and even more so from discipline‐to‐discipline. One way to investigate and manage this problem is to build a “semantic space” that maps the different vocabulary used in functional neuroimaging literature. Such a semantic space will also help identify the primary research domains of neuroimaging and their most commonly reported brain regions. In this work, we analyzed the multivariate semantic structure of abstracts in Neurosynth and found that there are six primary domains of the functional neuroimaging literature, each with their own preferred reported brain regions. Our analyses also highlight possible semantic sources of reported brain regions within and across domains because some research topics (e.g., memory disorders, substance use disorder) use heterogeneous terminology. Furthermore, we highlight the growth and decline of the primary domains over time. Finally, we note that our techniques and results form the basis of a “recommendation engine” that could help readers better navigate the neuroimaging literature.
Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in internal medicine patients: analysis of epidemiological and biochemical profiles

ABSTRACT Objectives Thiazide-associated hyponatremia (TAH) is a clinically important side effect of the therapy with thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. This study aims to analyze epidemiological, biochemical, and symptomatological profiles (including volume status) of patients admitted with TAH. Methods A retrospective hospital record study was performed. Epidemiological and biochemical parameters and symptoms were compared between the thiazide (n = 143) and non-thiazide (n = 282) groups. Patients in the thiazide group were classified as hypo-, normo-, or hypervolemic. Furthermore, the comparison of epidemiological, biochemical, partially pharmacotherapeutical, and symptomatological parameters between the hypovolemic and normovolemic TAH groups was performed. Results The thiazide group showed lower s-Na (p = 0.008), s-K (p < 0.001), s-Cl (p < 0.001), measured s-osmolality (p = 0.021), and eGFR (p < 0.001); higher s-urea (p < 0.001), s-creatinine (p = 0.023), s-glucose (p < 0.001), u-osmolality (p = 0.012), u-Na (p < 0.001), u-K (p = 0.023), and u-Cl (p < 0.001). Patients using thiazide were older (p < 0.001), more likely to be female (p = 0.011), and with symptoms corresponding more to chronic hyponatremia. Compared to the normovolemic group (n = 93; 65%), the hypovolemic patients (n = 47; 32.9%) showed higher s-urea (p = 0.005), s-creatinine (p = 0.045), and s-UA (p = 0.010); lower eGFR (p = 0.032), u-Na (p = 0.015), u-Cl (p = 0.016), anorexia (p < 0.001), and a higher frequency of furosemide use (p < 0.001). Conclusions Thiazide use is a crucial etiological cause of hypotonic hyponatremia among internal medicine inpatients, associated with more severe hyponatremia, but with no difference in the in-hospital mortality. Even in hypo-osmolar conditions of TAH, 32.9% of patients exhibited signs of volume depletion. FE-UA did not differ between the hypovolemic and the normovolemic patients in TAH conditions. Anorexia and the combination of thiazide together with furosemide, rather than thiazide use alone, were risk factors for hypovolemic hyponatremia without affecting FE-UA.
An optimal merging technique for high‐resolution precipitation products

Precipitation products are currently available from various sources at higher spatial and temporal resolution than any time in the past. Each of the precipitation products has its strengths and weaknesses in availability, accuracy, resolution, retrieval techniques and quality control. By merging the precipitation data obtained from multiple sources, one can improve its information content by minimizing these issues. However, precipitation data merging poses challenges of scale‐mismatch, and accurate error and bias assessment. In this paper we present Optimal Merging of Precipitation (OMP), a new method to merge precipitation data from multiple sources that are of different spatial and temporal resolutions and accuracies. This method is a combination of scale conversion and merging weight optimization, involving performance‐tracing based on Bayesian statistics and trend‐analysis, which yields merging weights for each precipitation data source. The weights are optimized at multiple scales to facilitate multiscale merging and better precipitation downscaling. Precipitation data used in the experiment include products from the 12‐km resolution North American Land Data Assimilation (NLDAS) system, the 8‐km resolution CMORPH and the 4‐km resolution National Stage‐IV QPE. The test cases demonstrate that the OMP method is capable of identifying a better data source and allocating a higher priority for them in the merging procedure, dynamically over the region and time period. This method is also effective in filtering out poor quality data introduced into the merging process.
Application of the ORCHIDEE global vegetation model to evaluate biomass and soil carbon stocks of Qinghai‐Tibetan grasslands

The cold grasslands of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau form a globally significant biome, which represents 6% of the world's grasslands and 44% of China's grasslands. Yet little is known about carbon cycling in this biome. In this study, we calibrated and applied a process‐based ecosystem model called Organizing Carbon and Hydrology in Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) to estimate the C fluxes and stocks of these grasslands. First, the parameterizations of ORCHIDEE were improved and calibrated against multiple time‐scale and spatial‐scale observations of (1) eddy‐covariance fluxes of CO2 above one alpine meadow site; (2) soil temperature collocated with 30 meteorological stations; (3) satellite leaf area index (LAI) data collocated with the meteorological stations; and (4) soil organic carbon (SOC) density profiles from China's Second National Soil Survey. The extensive SOC survey data were used to extrapolate local fluxes to the entire grassland biome. After calibration, we show that ORCHIDEE can successfully capture the seasonal variation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), as well as the LAI and SOC spatial distribution. We applied the calibrated model to estimate 0.3 Pg C yr−1 (1 Pg = 1015 g) of total annual net primary productivity (NPP), 0.4 Pg C of vegetation total biomass (aboveground and belowground), and 12 Pg C of SOC stocks for Qinghai‐Tibetan grasslands covering an area of 1.4 × 106 km2. The mean annual NPP, vegetation biomass, and soil carbon stocks decrease from the southeast to the northwest, along with precipitation gradients. Our results also suggest that in response to an increase of temperature by 2°C, approximately 10% of current SOC stocks in Qinghai‐Tibetan grasslands could be lost, even though NPP increases by about 9%. This result implies that Qinghai‐Tibetan grasslands may be a vulnerable component of the terrestrial carbon cycle to future climate warming.
Opportunities to Improve Measurement-Based Care Practices in Mental Health Care Systems

Paul R. King, PhD, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, Buffalo, New York, and Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Gregory P. Beehler, PhD, MA, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, Buffalo, and School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Michael Wade, MS, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse, New York; Laura J. Buchholz, PhD, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, and Department of Psychology, University of Tampa; Jennifer S. Funderburk, PhD, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, and Department of Psychology, Syracuse University; Kaitlin R. Lilienthal, PhD, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, and Gannett Health Services, Cornell University; Christina L. Vair, PhD, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, and W. G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina. This study was supported by funding from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Mental Health Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QLP 55-035), as well as with resources and use of facilities at the VA Center for Integrated Healthcare and the VA Western New York Healthcare System. Manuscript preparation was supported in part by the VA Office of Academic Affiliations, Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not represent the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government. There are no conflicts of interest to report. Laura J. Buchholz’s work on this project began during her postdoctoral fellowship at the VA Center for Integrated Healthcare in Buffalo, New York, and continued through her appointment at the University of Tampa. Kaitlin R. Lilienthal’s work on this project began during her postdoctoral fellowship at the VA Center for Integrated Healthcare in Syracuse, New York, and continued through her appointment at Cornell University’s Gannett Health Services. Christina L. Vair’s work on this project began during her tenure at the VA Center for Integrated Healthcare in Buffalo, and continued through her appointment at the W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Paul R. King, PhD, Veterans Affairs Center for Integrated Healthcare, Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Avenue (116N), Buffalo, NY 14215. E-mail: paul.king2@va.gov Families, Systems, & Health
The Binding Site of the V-ATPase Inhibitor Apicularen is in the Vicinity to those of Bafilomycin and Archazolid*

at the of the The of V-ATPase inhibitors. ABSTRACT The investigation of V-ATPases as potential therapeutic drug targets and hence of their specific inhibitors is a promising approach in osteoporosis and cancer treatment since the occurrence of these diseases is interrelated to the function of the V-ATPase. Apicularen belongs to the novel inhibitor family of the benzolactone enamides, which are highly potent but feature the unique characteristic to not inhibit V-ATPases from fungal sources. In this study we specify, for the first time, the binding site of apicularen within the membrane spanning V O complex. Via photoaffinity labeling using derivatives of apicularen and of the plecomacrolides bafilomycin and concanamycin, each coupled to 14 C-labeled 4-(3-trifluoromethyldiazirin-3-yl)benzoic we verified that apicularen binds at the interface of the V O subunits a and c. The binding site is in the vicinity to those of the plecomacrolides and of the archazolids, a third family of V-ATPase inhibitors. Expression of subunit c homologues from Homo sapiens and Manduca sexta, both species sensitive to benzolactone enamides, in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain lacking the corresponding intrinsic gene did not transfer this sensitivity to yeast. Therefore, the binding site of benzolactone enamides cannot be formed exclusively by subunit c. Apparently, subunit a substantially contributes to the binding of the benzolactone enamides.