Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of folic acid on colon carcinogenesis induced by
 azoxymethane in mice

Colon cancer has been considered a leading cause of cancer-associated death. Folic acid is a vitamin necessary for cellular physiological functions and cell viability. However, the association between folic acid intake and colon cancer has been examined in several prospective cohort studies are controversial. This study investigated the effects of folate intake on colon carcinogenesis and oxidative stress in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) institute for cancer research (ICR) mouse model. Thirty male ICR mice (5 weeks old) were divided into the control group and the experimental group supplied 0.03% folic acid via drinking water (50 mL/week/mouse) for 6 weeks. To induce colonic pre-neoplastic lesions, the animals were subcutaneously injected three times weekly with AOM (10 mg/kg body weight), followed by 2% DSS in drinking water for a week. Folic acid supplementation significantly suppressed the total number of aberrant crypt foci and aberrant crypts. Histological image data showed that folic acid supplementation attenuated neoplastic change. In addition, we measured the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration of dry feces samples to identify the effect of folic acid on reactive oxygen accumulation. The folic acid supplementation group had reduced reactive oxygen species levels in dry feces compared to the control group. In conclusion, these findings indicate that folic acid suppresses colon carcinogenesis and oxidative stress in an AOM/DSS mouse model.
The effect of oregano essential oil on chicken meat lipid oxidation and peroxidation

The study aimed to investigate and evaluate the oxidative stability of chicken thighs with skin stored in freezing conditions due to the effect of oregano essential oil for various times. The results were compared with a control group without the use of oregano essential oil. Samples of chicken thighs with skin were obtained from an experiment performed on a poultry farm in a deep litter breeding system. The results obtained from the application of oregano essential oil to chicken thighs with skin did not show a statistically significant difference (p >0.05) in the dry matter content, fat content and acid value compared to the control group, where coccidiostats were used in starter and growth feed mixtures. A statistically significant difference was found in the peroxide value by applying oregano essential oil to chicken thighs with skin compared to a control group containing coccidiostats in starter and growth feed mixtures when stored for 1 day at room temperature (p £0.01) and 12 months in freezing conditions at -18 °C (p £0.05) and a statistically non-significant difference (p >0.05) when thighs with skin were stored for 6 and 9 months in -18 °C freezing conditions. In the conclusion, it was stated that maintaining the oxidative stability of chicken meat means knowing the factors that affect it and prepare the conditions for its maintenance. Chicken meat is generally susceptible to oxidative damage because it is characterized by a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids. With a sufficient amount of effective antioxidants, chicken meat could be a homoeostatic system, but it remains limited or free of oxidized compounds and reactive components. These questions are the subject of further research in the field of oxidative stability of chicken meat.
Segmental Features of Hong Kong English: A Contrastive Approach
 Study

The current study employs a contrastive approach to analyze five consonantal features (TH stopping/ fronting, L vocalization, [n, l]/[s, ʃ] conflation, /r/, /v/, /w/ substitution and consonant cluster modification [CCM]) of Hong Kong English (HKE) from 37 online sound clips from 29 speakers. Compared to the traditional contrastive Ka Long Roy Chan (First author) Lecturer, Centre for Language Education, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Email: lcroychan@ust.hk Nok Chin Lydia Chan (Corresponding author) Postgraduate Student, Department of English, Stockholm University, Sweden Email: lydiachan423@yahoo.com. hk Received 12 August, 2021; Revised 1 September, 2021; Accepted 23 September, 2021 Copyright © 2021 Language Research Institute, Sejong University Journal of Universal Language is an Open Access Journal. All articles are distributed online under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2 Segmental Features of Hong Kong English: A Contrastive Approach Study approach, the current study uses a world Englishes paradigm to analyze the data, which aligns more with the recent movement of world Englishes. The result shows that all the five features exist in the corpus; however, TH-stopping/fronting and CCM are more common than others. The results behind the features in HKE could be hinted from the comparison with Cantonese, the L1 of Hongkongers. Moreover, the results help to develop the categorization of HKE speakers—Hong Kong English Continuum—which potentially facilitates the discussion of HKE under the world Englishes paradigm in the long run.
Wood-based boards mechanical properties and their effects on the cutting process during shredding

In order to design effective shredding machines dedicated to shredding wood-based waste, information about the mechanical properties of materials subjected to shredding is necessary. A number of mechanical properties of particleboard, oriented strand boards, and medium-density fibreboards in the aspect of shredding process have been experimentally determined in the article. The influence of material type, blade geometries, and cutting depth on cutting force and elasticity coefficient were analysed. Blade geometries reflect different phases of rotation of the cylindrical wood chipper’s knife. It has been shown that a knife with the most favourable geometry is characterized by the lowest values of the stiffness coefficient for each of the materials. This is the geometry of the cylindrical wood chipper’s knife exactly halfway into the cutting process. By contrast, the least favourable geometry is characterized by a knife corresponding to the beginning of the cutting process. Among the tested materials, the medium density board requires the most energy to change its structure, and the laminated particleboard requires the least. The presented results can be a set of input data necessary to model the work required to implement the cutting process, but also enable validation of existing cutting models.
Hybrid basis vector based underdetermined beamforming algorithm in optimized antenna reconfiguration

Optimized positioning of antenna to obtain the best beam forming solution is adopted in this research. Non-uniform linear array-based beamforming algorithms have the challenge of placing the array of antennas in positions that would implement best beamforming outputs. This paper attempts to obtain the optimized beam forming by tuning the sparse Bayesian learning based algorithm. The parameters used for tuning involve choosing the hybrid basis vector for creating the steering vector while at the same time developing the optimized position of the antennas. Basis vectors are the building blocks of the steering vector developed for the beamforming algorithm that finds the angle of arrival in antennas. Reconfiguration of antennas is carried out using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the basis vectors are generated using two different ways. One by cumulating similar basis vectors and another by cumulating two different basis vectors. The performance of accurate detection of angle of arrival in the beamforming algorithm is analyzed and results are discussed. This basis vector and antenna distance optimization is adopted on the sparse Bayesian learning paradigm. Performance evaluation of these optimizations in the algorithm is realised by validating the mean square error (MSE) versus signal to noise ratio (SNR) graphs for both the cumulative basis vector and hybrid basis vector cases.
Hydrolytic (In)stability of Methacrylate Esters in Covalently Cross-Linked Hydrogels Based on Chondroitin Sulfate and Hyaluronic Acid Methacrylate

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA) methacrylate (MA) hydrogels are under investigation for biomedical applications. Here, the hydrolytic (in)stability of the MA esters in these polysaccharides and hydrogels is investigated. Hydrogels made with glycidyl methacrylate-derivatized CS (CSGMA) or methacrylic anhydride (CSMA) degraded after 2–25 days in a cross-linking density-dependent manner (pH 7.4, 37 °C). HA methacrylate (HAMA) hydrogels were stable over 50 days under the same conditions. CS(G)MA hydrogel degradation rates increased with pH, due to hydroxide-driven ester hydrolysis. Desulfated chondroitin MA hydrogels also degrade, indicating that sulfate groups are not responsible for CS(G)MA’s hydrolytic sensitivity (pH 7.0–8.0, 37 °C). This sensitivity is likely because CS(G)MA’s N-acetyl-galactosamines do not form hydrogen bonds with adjacent glucuronic acid oxygens, whereas HAMA’s N-acetyl-glucosamines do. This bond absence allows CS(G)MA higher chain flexibility and hydration and could increase ester hydrolysis sensitivity in CS(G)MA networks. This report helps in biodegradable hydrogel development based on endogenous polysaccharides for clinical applications.
Cost-effectiveness of patient navigation programs for stroke patients–A systematic review

Objective Stroke remains a leading cause of premature death, impairment and reduced quality of life. Its aftercare is performed by numerous different health care service providers, resulting in a high need for coordination. Personally delivered patient navigation (PN) is a promising approach for managing pathways through health care systems and for improving patient outcomes. Although PN in stroke care is evolving, no summarized information on its cost-effectiveness in stroke survivors is available. Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to analyze the level of evidence on the cost-effectiveness of PN for stroke survivors. Methods A systematic literature search without time limitations was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL as well as PsycINFO and supplemented by a manual search. Randomized controlled trials published prior to April 2020 in English or German were considered eligible if any results regarding the cost-effectiveness of PN for stroke survivors were reported. The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Quality of included studies was assessed with the RoB2 tool. Main study characteristics and cost-effectiveness results were summarized and discussed. Results The search identified 1442 records, and two studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of included studies was rated moderate and high. Programs, settings and cost-effectiveness results were heterogeneous, with one study showing a 90% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness to pay of $25600 per QALY (health/social care perspective) and the other showing similar QALYs and higher costs. Conclusions Since only two studies were eligible, this review reveals a large gap in knowledge regarding the cost-effectiveness of PN for stroke survivors. Furthermore, no conclusive statement about the cost-effectiveness can be made. Future attempts to evaluate PN for stroke survivors are necessary and should also involve cost-effectiveness issues.
Effect of inner physical properties on powder adhesion in inhalation capsules in case of a high resistance device

The inhalation performance of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) depends on the inhalation patterns of patients, inhalation particle characteristics and inhalation devices. In capsule-based DPIs, the capsule plays an important role in the dispersion of inhalation particles. The present study investigated the effects of inner physical properties of capsules on drug release from capsules-based DPIs with high resistance device. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate the capsule physical properties, such as the capsule inner structure and surface potential, of three capsules with different compositions (G-Cap, PEG/G-Cap, and HPMC-Cap). As a model dry powder for capsule-based DPIs, the dry powder in Spiriva® Inhalation Capsules containing tiotropium bromide was used. Inhalation performance was evaluated using a twin-stage liquid impinge and Handihaler® (flow rate 30 l/min). The results indicated that the capsule inner surface presented with numerous valleys and mountains, regardless of the capsule type. Furthermore, the valley and mountain areas on the capsule inner surface showed a significantly higher or lower surface potential. Following inhalation of capsule-based DPIs, the drug remained in the valleys on the capsule inner surface; however, no significant difference was observed in the drug release from capsule and lung drug delivery. Therefore, inhalation performance in capsule-based DPIs when a high resistance device, such as Handihaler®, is used at an appropriately flow rate is not markedly affected by the physical properties of the capsule inner surface due to capsule composition.
The probability of Lymph node metastasis with a tumor size larger than and smaller than 4 cm is different in stages T1-T3 of Siewert type II adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: A Population-Based Study

Background: In adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG), the relationship between tumor size (TS) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) is unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between TS and LNM, and to construct a prediction model for LNM. Materials and Methods: Data from 4649 Siewert type II AEG patients were retrospectively acquired from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. TS data was analyzed as a continuous variable, but also divided into 1-cm-interval categorical groups for further analysis. The logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was used to explore the relationship between TS and LNM, after adjusting for covariates. Internal validations as well as external validation (Single-Center data) were used to check our LNM prediction model. Results: TS and LNM showed a significant relationship in the logistic regression analysis, regardless of the TS data being entered as a continuous or a categorical variable, after adjusting for covariates. The logistic regression model and RCS consistently showed that larger TS resulted in larger Odds Ratio (OR) values. When tumors were larger than 4 cm, the OR value remained relatively constant. The receiver operator characteristic curve evaluated the nomogram by the area under the curve (AUC) (AUC=0.737, in internal validation; AUC=0.626, in external validation), and the calibration curve of the nomogram showed an improved prediction system. Conclusions: In Siewert type II T1-T3 stage AEG patients, we reported that LNM increased with TS up to 4-cm, and our nomogram provided a simple tool to predict LNM.
The effect of exchanging drawings with peers on the happiness of children with cancer, aged 7–11 years: A clinical trial

Introduction Improving the mental status of children with cancer is part of nurses’ duties in planning nursing care and is achieved in different ways. This study attempts to combine drawing with peer interaction to improve the mental status of sick children and investigate the effect of exchanging drawings with peers on these children’s happiness. Method This clinical trial was conducted on a sample of 66 children with cancer, ages 7–11 years, who were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention was carried out over five weeks by the exchange of drawings between healthy children at school and children with cancer. Both groups of children drew one drawing each week. The children’s happiness was measured by the researcher before and after the intervention (i.e., week five) using a questionnaire. Results The results showed no significant differences between the two groups in terms of happiness after the intervention. The happiness score was 3.15 ±0.34 in the control group and 3.02 ±0.3 in the intervention group before the intervention; afterwards, this score was 3.022± 0.22 among the controls and 3.11± 0.25 among the patients. The comparison of the two groups using the t-test showed P = 0.075 before the intervention and P = 0.11 after the intervention. Conclusion Given the results obtained, future studies are recommended to administer lengthier interventions and enable the physical presence of healthy peers along sick children or to use the exchange of drawings with peers in combination with other psychological interventions so as to promote happiness in children with cancer.
Analysis of Methylation‐driven Genes in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma for Predicting Prognosis

Purpose: Considerable variations in methylation profile have been found in various cancers to modulate tumorigenesis and affect prognosis. To provide a theoretical basis for early detection, prognosis evaluation and targeted treatment for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: PDAC, this study identified methylation-driven genes in PDAC and explored their prognostic performance. Methods: The methylation, expression and clinical data of PDAC patients were extracted from TCGA database. Based on the β-mixture model of the MethylMix R package, the differential methylation status and connection between methylation and expression degree were examined to screen out methylation-driven genes in PDAC. COX analyses and lasso regressions were applied to construct a linear risk model based on methylation-driven genes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to ensure the risk model was an independent prognostic factor. Joint survival analyses of methylation and gene expression were conducted to explore the prognostic value of component genes. The methylation sites in the key genes were also investigated. Results: A total of 118 methylation-driven genes in PDAC were identified, and two genes (FOXI2, MYEOV) constituted the risk model whose AUC was 0.722 at one year of overall survival rate, displaying a better performance on survival prediction than other clinical features. Further survival analyses demonstrated that the expression of MYEOV and combined methylation and expression levels of the genes MYEOV and FOXI2 can be potential biomarkers for survival prediction and targets of drug manipulation of PDAC patients. Close relationships were discovered between two sites in MYEOV and one site in FOXI2 and the prognosis of PDAC patients. Conclusion: Concentrating on DNA methylation, our study identified potential biomarkers and developed a reliable short-term predictive model for prognosis of PDAC patients.
Doppler Ultrasound Imaging Combined with Fetal Heart Detection in Predicting Fetal Distress in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension under the Guidance of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

This study was to improve the feasibility and economic benefits of intelligent medical system Doppler ultrasound (DUS) imaging technology combined with fetal heart detection to predict the fetal distress in pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), so as to reduce the risk of deterioration of the patient's condition. The characteristics of DUS images were analyzed, and a diffusion filter reducing the specificity was adopted to improve the smooth speckle noise of DUS images. 120 pregnant women in hospital were the subjects of the study, all of whom received ultrasound cord blood flow testing and fetal heart monitoring. 88 PIH patients with fetal distress were diagnosed and included in the observation group, and 32 healthy pregnant women tested during the same period were identified as the control group. Clinical data were reviewed and analyzed. The diagnostic rates of fetal distress by simple fetal heart monitoring and DUS detection combined with fetal heart monitoring were compared. The results showed that 26.7% of fetal distress were diagnosed by fetal heart monitoring alone, and 73.3% of fetal distress were diagnosed by combined testing, so the diagnostic accuracy of the combined detection method was greatly higher than the single fetal heart detection (P < 0.05). The Pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and S/D values detected by the umbilical artery in the observation group were 1.48, 0.85, and 4.31, respectively. The PI, RI, and S/D values detected by the umbilical artery in the control group were 0.96, 0.64, and 3.59, respectively. The results of arterial detection were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the difference was of significant scientific significance (P < 0.05). In summary, the PI and RI values of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) detected by DUS diagnosis can effectively reflect the current status of the fetus in the uterus and reduce the mortality of the fetus. The images guided by DUS imaging technology can clearly show the current status of the fetus in the uterus, effectively improve the medical diagnostic efficiency, and have important reference value for the development of intelligent medical equipment.
Neurophysiological Markers of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Literature Review of Electroencephalography Studies

Pathological online gaming is a relatively newer psychiatric disorder. It is the second behavioral addiction (after internet gambling disorder) included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM), 5th edition as “Internet Gaming Disorder” (IGD). Recent research is showing high morbidity associated with IGD, thus encouraging researchers to find valid and reliable biomarkers of IGD. So that, early diagnosis and proper treatment could limit the high disability level accompanying excessive online gaming. As electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive and relatively easily available diagnostic technique, we aimed at collecting EEG studies that investigated EEG changes associated with IGD, with a specific focus on finding diagnostic and predictive neurophysiological biomarkers of IGD. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for EEG studies of IGD. We eliminated those EEG studies that were not focused on finding biomarkers. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) is followed in the writing of this review article. Our results showed that increased slow-wave resting-state activity and reduced P300 and N100 can serve as useful IGD diagnostic markers of IGD. Moreover, increased resting-state theta activity can be a predictive biomarker of IGD. Lastly, increased late low potentials (LLPs) can be specific trait markers of cue-induced cravings in IGD.