Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New thermoelectric effect in tunnel junctions

A new type of thermoelectric current effect is derived for tunneling through oxide barriers between metals at different temperatures, for both superconducting and normal tunnel junctions. This effect was observed in both current and voltage measurements on Al-PbVb tunnel junctions in which one electrode was heated by laser irradiation. The existence of this thermoelectric effect may resolve long-standing discrepencies between experimental results and theoretical predictions for a series of point-contact experiments.
Numerical modeling of intensity-based optical fiber Bragg grating sensor interrogation systems

Abstract. We present a numerical model of intensity-based interrogation systems for optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The numerical model is based on previous analytical modeling, which could only be utilized for perfect Gaussian profiles. However, FBG interrogation systems can make use of non-Gaussian shaped filters or sources. The numerical modeling enables the different variations to be compared using identical component performance, showing the relative strengths and weakness of the systems in terms of useful parameters, including sensitivity and dynamic range. The two different detection methods for intensity-based FBG sensors can also be compared side by side using the same FBG. Since the model is numerical, it enables real spectral data to be used for the various components (FBG, light source, filters). This has the added advantage of increasing the accuracy and usefulness of the model over previous analytical work.
Detecting Atrial Fibrillation With a Wearable Device

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common heart arrhythmia in the world but detecting it can be challenging. For this reason, a detection system consisting of a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) device, a smart phone application and an algorithm was created. The wearable device was designed to be aesthetically simple yet attractive and be worn either as a necklace or a keychain so that it would always be within reach. The overall usability was also a design goal from the start, requiring the user to only touch the device and start a measurement from the smart-phone application with a press of a button. The recorded data was processed with an AFib detection algorithm created based on the Chapman university's database with over 10,000 patients with different heart rhythms. The algorithm is a rule-based detection method, which uses heart rate variability and auto-correlation features. Motion artifacts were also taken into account by using an accelerometer signal measured with the device. The algorithm had an accuracy of 95.3% for the original database while all of the healthy volunteers (n = 14) tested with the developed system were correctly predicted to have sinus rhythms. The aim is to continue the study by increasing the test set size and to measure ECG with the device from AFib patients.
Rapid detection of total viable count of chilled pork using hyperspectral scattering technique

A rapid nondestructive measurement method for determining the total viable count of chilled pork was studied. Chilled pork samples were purchased from supermarket and then stored in refrigerator at 4°C. Every 24 hours, hyperspectral images were collected from the chilled pork samples in 400-1100nm region, in parallel total viable counts were obtained by classical microbiological plating methods. The 3-parameter modified lorentzian distribution function was applied to fit the scattering profiles of all samples and the fitting results were satisfactorily high in region 470-943 nm. Then the parameters extracted were used to establish PLSR models. The prediction results for the parameter a, b, c, b×c are 0.945, 0.918, 0.919, 0.935 respectively. The study show that the hyperspectral technology can accurately tracks the increase of total viable count of chilled pork during 2-14 days storage at 4°C, and so indicate it a valid tool for assessing the quality and safety properties of chilled pork rapidly and nondestructively in the future.
Universal Time Variations in the Magnetosphere and the Effect of CME Arrival Time: Analysis of the February 2022 Event that Led to the Loss of Starlink Satellites

We study Universal Time (UT) variations in the magnetospheric response to Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) impacts, using the example of the two CMEs that led to the destruction of 38 out of 49 Starlink satellites in early February 2022. We employ the Expanding‐Contracting Polar Cap model to analyze the variation in the size of the ionospheric polar caps and an eccentric dipole model of the geomagnetic field and thereby quantify the UT variations caused by the inductive effect of the diurnal motions of the geomagnetic poles in a “geocentric‐solar” frame of reference (i.e., a frame with an X axis that points from the center of the Earth to the center of the Sun). The results show that use of a quasi‐steady convection model predicts a similar global power deposition into the thermosphere as that inferred here, but does not give the same division of that power between the northern and southern hemispheres. We demonstrate that, through the combined effects of the Russell‐McPherron dipole‐tilt mechanism on solar‐wind magnetosphere coupling and of the diurnal polar cap motions in a geocentric‐solar frame, the power deposited varies significantly with the arrival UT of the CMEs at Earth. We also show that in the events of early February 2022, both CMEs arrived at almost the optimum UT to cause maximum thermospheric heating.
Image Registration Based on Mutual Information and Harris Corner Points

A maximization of mutual information based image registration method is described. Firstly Due to the inferiority of image registration using maximum mutual information, the registration based on Harris algorithm to obtain corner points. Secondly, the one to one matching points could be obtained through mutual information rough match. Finally, the search strategy used the improved genetic algorithm to find the optimum value. Experimental results indicate the proposed algorithm can achieve better accuracy and good robust.
Sex Differences in Delayed Hospitalization in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing New-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

We compared the effects of sex differences in delayed hospitalization (symptom-to-door time [SDT], ≥24 h) on major clinical outcomes in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after new-generation drug-eluting stent implantation. A total of 4593 patients were classified into groups with (n = 1276) and without delayed hospitalization (SDT < 24 h, n = 3317). Thereafter, these two groups were subdivided into male and female groups. The primary clinical outcomes were major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as all-cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, repeat coronary revascularization, and stroke. The secondary clinical outcome was stent thrombosis. After multivariable- and propensity score-adjusted analyses, in-hospital mortalities were similar between the male and female groups in both the SDT < 24 h and SDT ≥ 24 h groups. However, during a 3-year follow-up period, in the SDT < 24 h group, all-cause death (p = 0.013 and p = 0.005, respectively) and cardiac death (CD, p = 0.015 and p = 0.008, respectively) rates were significantly higher in the female group than those in the male group. This may be related to the lower all-cause death and CD rates (p = 0.022 and p = 0.012, respectively) in the SDT < 24 h group than in the SDT ≥ 24 h group among male patients. Other outcomes were similar between the male and female groups and between the SDT < 24 h and SDT ≥ 24 h groups. In this prospective cohort study, female patients showed higher 3-year mortality, especially in the SDT < 24 h, compared to male patients.
Integrating network pharmacology prediction and experimental investigation to verify ginkgetin anti-invasion and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells via the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail and Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Introduction: Lung cancer, one of the most frequent malignancies, has a high death rate and an increased number of new cases globally. Ginkgo biloba has been used for many years in the treatment of lung cancer. Ginkgetin is the key active ingredient extracted from Ginkgo biloba. However, the mechanism by which ginkgetin inhibits the invasive metastasis of lung cancer is unclear. Methods: We used a network pharmacology approach to obtain the molecular mechanism by which ginkgetin inhibits lung cancer metastasis. Then we analyzed potential target proteins between ginkgetin and lung cancer. Finally, we validated with molecular docking and experimental validation. Results: By analyzing the intersecting genes of lung cancer and ginkgetin, there were 79 intersecting genes, which were mainly involved in the positive regulation of cell migration, with the cancer pathway being one of the most enriched pathways. The results of in vitro experiments showed that GK had a large inhibitory effect on cell invasion and metastasis of A549 and H1299. In vivo animals GK had a great inhibitory effect on metastasis of LLC. Conclusion: This study identified the potential related GK molecular targets and signaling pathways in treating human lung cancer using network pharmacological approaches. Experiments confirmed that GK inhibits the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail and Wnt/β-catenin cascade initiation in A549, H1299 and LLC cells, preventing metastasis. This study’s results align with the hypotheses derived from the network pharmacology analysis.
Patient-derived podocyte spheroids reveal new insights into the etiopathogenesis of Alport syndrome

Alport syndrome (AS) is a rare disease characterized by defective glomerular basement membranes, caused by mutations in COL4A3, COL4A4, and COL4A5, which synthesize collagen type IV. Patients present with progressive proteinuria, hematuria and podocyte loss. There is currently no cure for Alport syndrome, and this is mainly due to its complex and variable pathogenesis, as well as the lack of models that can faithfully mimic the human phenotype. Here we have developed a novel human culture model of Alport syndrome and used it to study the effects of different mutations on podocyte development and biology. First, we established a differentiation protocol that allowed us to generate podocyte spheroids from patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We have then carried out discovery proteomics and demonstrated that a total of 178 proteins were differentially expressed between Alport (AS1 and AS3) and control (LT) podocytes. GO analysis indicated alterations in several metabolic pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, RNA maturation, chromatin condensation, and proliferation. Although functional assays showed no changes in lactate production and mitochondrial potential compared to healthy controls, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analysis showed key morphological changes related to the phenotypical maturation of Alport podocytes. Moreover, the studied mutations led to persistent proliferation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the concomitant expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα and PPARγ) in podocytes. These data on patient-derived podocytes provide evidence that collagen mutations, in addition to playing a central role in the defective development of the glomerular filtration barrier, cause significant alterations in podocyte development and metabolism very early in development, even before the formation of the filtering apparatus. In conclusion, our study provides a new methodological platform for the differentiation of podocytes and to study human podocytopathies in a personalized manner, and reveals new insights into the etiopathogenesis and pathobiology of Alport syndrome.
How Teachers View Inclusion of Special Education Students: A Case From South Texas

This article examines contextual factors that impact inclusive education in the Rio Grande Valley region of South Texas, United States. Based on the analysis of teachers’ narratives, the study concluded that teachers perceive inclusive special education as a student's right primarily grounded in the social justice context of education. While teacher preparation and administrative support aid in implementing inclusive practices, the socio-cultural values shape teachers’ classroom practices in teaching special education students. Furthermore, implementing inclusive education practices lacks emphasis on content-area instruction for special education students, demonstrating the need for a reconceptualization of the global movement on inclusive education.
Emotional Intelligence in the Context of Personal Dispositions Development of Students - Future Psychologists

The article is connected with a theoretical analysis of the emotional intelligence and empirical studies of the development of emotional intelligence in the context of personal dispositions of students future psychologists (n=84). The following methods were used in the empirical study: EQ test K. Barchard, «Diagnosis of emotional intelligence» (N. Hall), «Questionnaire SVF120» (V. Yanke, G. Erdmann, adaptation N. Vodopjanova), «Methods of diagnosing viability» (S. Muddy, adaptation D. Leontiev), «Oxford Happiness Inventory», «Diagnosis of emotionality» (Suvorov, 1976), «Questionnaire Machiavellianism of the individual». Mathematical data processing and graphical representation of the results were performed using the statistical package SPSS 17.0. It is noted that the real impetus for the emergence of the concept of EI in science were the works of G. Gardner and his theory of multiple intelligences. The basic models of ЕІ and the author’s interpretation of this concept are analyzed, which leads to the conclusion: the integrated understanding of this phenomenon by psychologists is still absent, the main definition of the concept of EI is often a list and description of its components, and the main justification for its importance is a list of those areas of life where the role of EI is most obvious.
A game-theoretic approach to a finite-time disturbance attenuation problem

A disturbance attenuation problem over a finite-time interval is considered by a game theoretic approach where the control, restricted to a function of the measurement history, plays against adversaries composed of the process and measurement disturbances, and the initial state. A zero-sum game, formulated as a quadratic cost criterion subject to linear time-varying dynamics and measurements, is solved by a calculus of variation technique. By first maximizing the quadratic cost criterion with respect to the process disturbance and initial state, a full information game between the control and the measurement residual subject to the estimator dynamics results. The resulting solution produces an n-dimensional compensator which expresses the controller as a linear combination of the measurement history. A disturbance attenuation problem is solved based on the results of the game problem. For time-invariant systems it is shown that under certain conditions the time-varying controller becomes time-invariant on the infinite-time interval. The resulting controller satisfies an H/sub infinity / norm bound. >
Fractals and Chaos Related to Ising-Onsager-Zhang Lattices vs. The Jordan-von Neumann-Wigner Procedures. Ternary Approach

Abstract A fractal structure is introduced to Jordan-von Neumann-Wigner procedure and Jordan algebra, and some composition algebras are discussed from the point of view of a related fractal structure. Our approach aims at modifying and simplifying the Onsager-Zhang procedure of analyzing simple orthorhombic Ising lattices.
Error bounds for euler approximation of a state and control constrained optimal control problem

We examine convergence of the Euler approximation to a nonlinear optimal control problem subject to mixed state-control and pure state constraints. We prove that under smoothness, independence, controllability and coercivity conditions at a reference solution of the continuous problem, there exists a locally unique solution to the Euler approximation, for sufficiently fine discretization, which converges to the reference solution with rate proportional to the mesh size.
Phase Shifts of the PDO and AMO Alter the Translation Distance of Global Tropical Cyclones

Recent decadal changes in tropical cyclone (TC) frequency since the mid‐1990s have been widely reported; however, it is unclear whether there have also been any changes in TC translation distance. Here, we show that long‐term decrease in global TC translation distance during 1975–2020 is caused by an abrupt change point around the year 1997. This change point marks a switch between an increasing translation distance during 1975–1997 and decreasing translation distance during 1998–2020. The shift in TC translation distance is attributed to changes in the distance between the location of TC genesis and land, and the percentage of landfalling TCs to all TCs, which is driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phase switch in the mid‐1990s. In the last 20 years, the cool, La Niña‐like sea surface temperatures (SST) during the PDO negative phase and the warm SST pattern during the AMO positive phase have enhanced the genesis potential index and the potential intensity in offshore areas, resulting in greater TC genesis landward. Phase shifts of PDO and AMO modulate environmental conditions, regulating TC genesis location and landfall frequency, and their combined effects on the translation distance of Pacific TCs. The warm SST anomalies during the AMO positive phase enhance these circulation patterns in two possible ways: via the Indian Ocean and the subtropical eastern Pacific relaying effects at a multidecadal timescale. Our findings suggest that the PDO and AMO act as key pacemakers for decadal changes in global TC translation distance.
Refinement of microwave vegetation indices

Previous investigations have established the basis for a new type of vegetation index, Microwave Vegetation Indices (MVIs), based on passive microwave satellite observations. In this technique, the quantitative basis of the MVIs can be derived from the zeroth-order radiative transfer solution. However, the zeroth-order solution is only applicable when the scattering contributions within the vegetation are negligible. As a result, the first-order radiative transfer solution is superior to the zeroth-order solution due the fact that it considers volume scattering. In this paper, we evaluated the applicability of the zeroth-order solution at different microwave frequencies and for vegetation with different densities. Next, a parameterized vegetation microwave emission model for the first-order solution was developed that was used to improve the MVIs. The superiority of MVIs derived from the parameterized model was demonstrated by comparison to the original approach. The refinement of MVIs presented in this study will be helpful in improving their accuracies and expanding their applications, and will contribute to improved information on vegetation coverage, biomass, and water content.
Very low surface recombination velocity on p-type c-Si by high-rate plasma-deposited aluminum oxide

Aluminum oxide layers can provide excellent passivation for lowly and highly doped p-type silicon surfaces. Fixed negative charges induce an accumulation layer at the p-type silicon interface, resulting in very effective field-effect passivation. This paper presents highly negatively charged (Qox=−2.1×1012 cm−2) aluminum oxide layers produced using an inline plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, leading to very low effective recombination velocities (∼10 cm s−1) on low-resistivity p-type substrates. A minimum static deposition rate (100 nm min−1) at least one order of magnitude higher than atomic layer deposition was achieved on a large carrier surfaces (∼1 m2) without significantly reducing the resultant passivation quality.
Modeling publication selection effects in meta-analysis

Publication selection effects arise in meta-analysis when the effect magnitude estimates are observed in (available from) only a subset of the studies that were actually conducted and the probability that an estimate is observed is related to the size of that estimate. Such selection effects can lead to substantial bias in estimates of effect magnitude. Research on the selection process suggests that much of the selection occurs because researchers, reviewers and editors view the results of studies as more conclusive when they are more highly statistically significant. This suggests a model of the selection process that depends on effect magnitude via the p-value or significance level. A model of the selection process involving a step function relating the p-value to the probability of selection is introduced in the context of a random effects model for meta-analysis. The model permits estimation of a weight function representing selection along the mean and variance of effects. Some ideas for graphical procedures and a test for publication selection are also introduced. The method is then applied to a meta-analysis of test validity studies.
Microlens for efficient coupling between LED and optical fiber

A new fabrication method of a microlens is proposed that can be easily applied to optical devices and microlens systems. The proposed microlens is formed by self-surface tension and cohesion of UV curing material. Since the microlens is hardened by short time UV exposure, the fabrication process is very simple. Integration with surface emitting-light emitting diode (SE-LED) results in enhanced coupling to optical fiber with coupling efficiency larger than the conventional case by 1.5 times. We also made a hemispheric microlensed fiber using this method. Compared with a typical arc-lensed fiber and a flat-end fiber, the coupling efficiency is improved to 18% and 40%, respectively.
Representation of Action Spaces in Multiple Levels of Detail

Abstract Operators of complex dynamic systems like industrial process control or air traffic control should be able to predict future system states and also the actions needed to reach their goals. Models of human planning processes suggest that humans use plans with various levels of details to guide their actions. An assistance systems that would be able to propose plans in multiple levels of detail could lead to a better understanding of plans and thus to a better performance of the operator, because of the possibility to represent plans graphically similar to the operators mental model. In principal the visualization of abstract plan is more robust to changes of details, additionally less changes of visualized plans are necessary. This contribution describes a method to compute multiple representations of action spaces with different levels of detail, which could be used in an assistant system. The method assumes that the process can be described by discrete events and thus the action space of the process contains discrete states. The method is based on the state space generated by a Coloured Petri Net model. First the state space of this model will be computed, in the next step intermediate goal states will be identified, which will constitute the states of a more abstract state space. The arcs connecting these states will be generated according to the reachability of the states in the detailed state space. This procedure can be repeated and finally a representation of an action space in multiple levels of detail results.