Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonorthogonal wavelet transformation for reconstructing gravitational wave signals

Detections of gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences have enabled us to study extreme astrophysical phenomena and explore fundamental physics. A crucial requisite for these studies is to have accurate signal models with characteristic morphologies, which have been challenging for many decades, and researchers are still endeavoring to incorporate important physics. Therefore, morphology-independent methods have been developed for identifying a signal and its reconstruction. The reconstructed signal allows us to test the agreement between the observed signal and the waveform posterior samples from parameter estimation. These methods model observed signals using a nearly orthogonal wavelet basis in the frame of continuous wavelet transformation. Here, we propose log-uniform scales to construct the wavelets, which are are highly redundant (nonorthogonal) compared to the conventional octave scales but more efficient for reconstructing the signals at high frequencies. And we introduce a semi-model-dependent reconstruction method using the posterior samples of the events, where we model the signal using Gabor-Morlet wavelets with log-uniform scales. We demonstrate the ability to detect deviation using a numerical simulation of an eccentric binary black hole merger, where the signal in the data does not belong to the search template waveform manifold. Finally, we apply this method to each binary black hole merger event in GWTC-1. We have found that the signal produced by the GW150914 event has 96% agreement with the waveform posterior samples. As the detector sensitivity improves and the detected population of black hole mergers grows, we expect the proposed method will provide even stronger tests.
Effective quantum unique ergodicity for Hecke-Maass newforms and Landau-Siegel zeros

We show that Landau-Siegel zeros for Dirichlet $L$-functions do not exist or quantum unique ergodicity for $\mathrm{GL}_2$ Hecke-Maass newforms holds with an effective rate of convergence. This follows from a more general result: Landau-Siegel zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions repel the zeros of all other automorphic $L$-functions from the line $\mathrm{Re}(s)=1$.
Robinson–Trautman Spacetimes Coupled to Conformally Invariant Electrodynamics in Higher Dimensions

We summarize recent results on $D$-dimensional Robinson-Trautman solutions of Einstein's gravity in the presence of a conformally invariant non-linear electromagnetic field and a cosmological constant. These spacetimes contain static dyonic black holes with various horizon geometries and their time-dependent radiating generalizations, as well as a class of stealth solutions. Extensions to $f(R)$ and Gauss-Bonnet gravity are mentioned.
ADRA: Extending Digital Computing-In-Memory With Asymmetric Dual-Row-Activation

In this letter, we propose an asymmetric dual row activation scheme called ADRA for enhancing digital computing-in-memory (CiM) based on in-memory operands. ADRA solves the many-to-one mapping problem of input vectors to output voltages faced by previous CiM techniques, enabling (a) simultaneous single-cycle memory read and CiM of primitive Boolean functions (b) computation of any Boolean function and (c) CiM of non-commutative functions such as subtraction and comparison. While the proposed technique is technology-agnostic, we show its utility for ferroelectric transistor (FeFET)-based non-volatile memory. Compared to the standard near-memory computation, we show that our method can achieve a full scale two-operand digital CiM using just one memory access, leading to a 23.2% - 72.6% decrease in energy-delay product (EDP).
Moduli and Hidden Matter in Heterotic M-Theory with an Anomalous $U(1)$ Hidden Sector

This paper discusses the dilaton, Kähler moduli and hidden sector matter chiral superfields of heterotic M -theory vacua in which the hidden sector gauge bundle is chosen to be a line bundle with an anomalous U(1) structure group. For simplicity of notation, the theory is compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold with h1,1 = 1, although all methods and results apply to more general heterotic compactifications. After introducing a non-perturbative F -term potential and coupling to supergravity, the canonically normalized scalar and fermion mass eigenstates, evaluated around a fixed supersymmetry breaking vacuum, are computed and the explicit expressions for their masses presented. In addition, the relevant couplings of these eigenstates to themselves and to chiral matter in the observable sector are evaluated. The decay rates of generic observable sector scalars into both moduli and hidden sector matter scalars and fermions are then presented. This opens the door to explicit calculations of the decay of an observable sector cosmological inflaton into moduli and hidden sector dark matter candidates. Finally, an explicit flux and gaugino condensate induced nonperturbative superpotential is introduced which is shown to stabilize three of the four real components of the moduli fields. sdumitru@sas.upenn.edu, ovrut@elcapitan.hep. upenn.edu ar X iv :2 20 1. 01 62 4v 1 [ he pth ] 5 J an 2 02 2
Monitoring Energy Trends through Automatic Information Extraction

Energy research is of crucial public importance but the use of computer science technologies like automatic text processing and data management for the energy domain is still rare. Employing these technologies in the energy domain will be a significant contribution to the interdisciplinary topic of “energy informatics”, just like the related progress within the interdisciplinary area of “bioinformatics”. In this paper, we present the architecture of a Web-based semantic system called EneMonIE (Energy Monitoring through Information Extraction) for monitoring up-to-date energy trends through the use of automatic, continuous, and guided information extraction from diverse types of media available on the Web. The types of media handled by the system will include online news articles, social media texts, online news videos, and open-access scholarly papers and technical reports as well as various numeric energy data made publicly available by energy organizations. The system will utilize and contribute to the energy-related ontologies and its ultimate form will comprise components for (i) text categorization, (ii) named entity recognition, (iii) temporal expression extraction, (iv) event extraction, (v) social network construction, (vi) sentiment analysis, (vii) information fusion and summarization, (viii) media interlinking, and (ix) Web-based information retrieval and visualization. Wits its diverse data sources, automatic text processing capabilities, and presentation facilities open for public use; EneMonIE will be an important source of distilled and concise information for decision-makers including energy generation, transmission, and distribution system operators, energy research centres, related investors and entrepreneurs as well as for academicians, students, other individuals interested in the pace of energy events and technologies.
Ionised gas kinematics in MaNGA AGN. Extents of the narrow-line and kinematically disturbed regions

Context. Feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in general seems to play an important role in the evolution of galaxies, although the impact of AGN winds on their host galaxies is still unknown in the absence of a detailed analysis. Aims. We aim to analyse the kinematics of a sample of 170 AGN host galaxies as compared to those of a matched control sample of non-active galaxies from the MaNGA survey in order to characterise and estimate the extents of the narrow-line region (NLR) and of the kinematically disturbed region (KDR) by the AGN. Methods. We deﬁned the observed NLR radius ( r NLR , o ) as the farthest distance from the nucleus within which both [O iii ] / H β and [N ii ] / H α ratios fall in the AGN region of the BPT diagram, and the H α equivalent width was required to be larger than 3. 0Å. The extent of the KDR ( r KDR , o ) is deﬁned as the distance from the nucleus within which the AGN host galaxies show a more disturbed gas kinematics than the control galaxies. Results. The AGN [O iii ] λ 5007 luminosity ranges from 10 39 to 10 41 ergs − 1 , and the kinematics derived from the [O iii ] line proﬁles reveal that, on average, the most luminous AGNs ( L [O iii ] > 3 . 8 × 10 40 ergs − 1 ) possess higher residual di ﬀ erences between the gaseous and stellar velocities and velocitie dispersions than their control galaxies in all the radial bins. Spatially resolved NLRs and KDRs were found in 55 and 46 AGN host galaxies, with corrected radii 0 . 2 < r KDR , c < 2 . 3kpc and 0 . 4 < r NLR , c < 10 . 1kpc and a relation between the two given by log r KDR , c = (0 . 53 ± 0 . 12) log r NLR , c + (1 . 07 ± 0 . 22), respectively. On average, the extension of the KDR corresponds to about 30% of that of the NLR. Assuming that the KDR is due to an AGN outﬂow, we have estimated ionised gas mass outﬂow rates that range between 10 − 5 and ∼ 1 M (cid:12) yr − 1 , and kinetic powers that range from 10 34 to 10 40 ergs − 1 . Conclusions. Comparing the power of the AGN ionised outﬂows with the AGN luminosities, they are always below the 0.05 L AGN model threshold for having an important feedback e ﬀ ect on their respective host galaxies. The mass outﬂow rates (and power) of our AGN sample correlate with their luminosities, populating the lowest AGN luminosity range of the correlations previously found for more powerful sources.
An optimized design modelling of PV integrated SEPIC-based four-switch inverter for sensorless PMBLDC motor control

The design of PV-based high gain SEPIC converter integrated with four-switch strategy, which has been used to achieve sensorless speed control of Permanent magnet Brushless DC motor (PMBLDC) is analysed in this work. Hence SEPIC converter coupled with Fuzzy Logic, MPPT Algorithm is employed to retain voltage. SEPIC converter is chosen as it has a continuous current operation with high gain; Fuzzy MPPT algorithm is used as it provides accurate results faster while the classical MPPT techniques provide the results with fluctuations in attaining the maximum power. Regarding the sensorless control of PMBLDC motor, the conventional six-switch strategy is replaced by four-switch strategy and the sensors are replaced by back EMF method. Four-switch strategy has the capability of reducing the losses, size, cost and complexity of control. For achieving the nominal speed, a closed-loop control is implemented with PI controller, which is tuned by GWO technique. The proposed methodology is more efficient as the motor speed remains unchanged even under the full load condition. The end result of traditional PI algorithm and PI algorithm, which have been tuned by GWO algorithm, is compared and simulated through MATLAB. This is also implemented and validated in hardware by FPGA Spartan 6E controller.
Water–propylene glycol sessile droplet shapes and migration: Marangoni mixing and separation of scales

Abstract New light is shed on morphological features of water–propylene glycol sessile droplets evaporating into ambient air at not too high relative humidity. Such droplets adopt a Marangoni-contracted shape even on perfectly wetting substrates, an effect well known since Cira et al. (Nature, 519, 2015). We here highlight a strong separation of scales normally occurring for such droplets. Namely, there is a narrow high-curvature zone localized at the foot of the droplet, where the apparent contact angle is formed, while the core of the droplet merely adheres to the classical (capillary–gravity) static shape. Experimentally, we rely upon interferometry to discern such fine key details. We detect a maximum of the droplet slope profile in the foot region, which amounts to the apparent contact angle. Theoretically, a local description of the foot region is devised. We indicate a crucial role of convective mixing by the solutal Marangoni flow, here accounted for by the Taylor dispersion, which proves to underlie the separation of scales and ensure self-consistency of the local model. Migration of such droplets in a humidity gradient is also approached within the same experimental and theoretical framework. It is considered that the resulting back–front asymmetry of the apparent contact angles drives the motion similarly to a wettability gradient, although the drag (‘Cox–Voinov’) factor is here found to be different. The predictions, comparing well with the measurements (our own and from the literature), are based on rigorous models, isothermal and as reduced as possible, without any fitting parameters or microphysics effects.
The unsteady force response of an accelerating flat plate with controlled spanwise bending

Abstract The unsteady force response of an accelerating flat plate, subjected to controlled spanwise bending, is investigated experimentally. The flat plate was held normal to the flow (at an angle of attack of $90^{\circ }$), and it was dynamically bent along the spanwise direction with the help of internal actuation. Two bending directions were tested. In one case, part of the plate (denoted by flexion ratio) was bent into the incoming flow (the bend-down configuration). In another case, the plate was bent away from the flow (the bend-up configuration). We used two different aspect ratio ($AR$) plates, namely $AR = 2$ and 3. Three acceleration numbers, namely $A_c = 0.57$, 1.6 and 3.2 (corresponding to dimensional acceleration of 0.036, 0.1 and 0.2 m s$^{-2}$, respectively) were tested with a fixed terminal Reynolds number (Re) of 18 000. For each acceleration number, three bending durations, namely 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 s were implemented. The results indicate that the highest impulse was imparted by the highest bending rate (duration 1.2 s) during all three accelerations tested. We show that controlled spanwise bending can significantly change the unsteady force response by manipulating the inertial forces during a start-up manoeuvre. The unsteady forces depend on the vector sum of the forward acceleration and the bending acceleration of the plate. The unsteady drag was augmented when the plate was bent towards the incoming flow. The initial force peaks were significantly reduced when the bending direction was reversed. The development of the edge vortices from the flat plate was measured with the help of particle image velocimetry (PIV) at the 70 % and the 90 % span locations. The PIV measurements were also carried out at the midchord plane closer to the tip region to capture the growth of the tip vortex. The vorticity field calculated from these PIV measurements revealed that controlled bending contributed to a variation in the circulation growth of the edge vortices. During the bend-down case, the circulation growth was faster and the tip vortices stayed closer to the plate. This resulted in increased interaction with the edge vortex at the 90 % span. This interaction was more severe for $AR = 2$. During the bend-up case, the growth of the edge vortex was delayed, but the vortex grew for a longer time compared with the bend-down case. Finally, a mathematical model is presented which correctly captured the trend of the force histories measured experimentally during both the bend-up and bend-down cases.
Increasing adult density compromises anti-bacterial defense in Drosophila melanogaster

The density-dependent prophylaxis hypothesis predicts that risk of pathogen transmission increases with increase in population density, and in response to this, organisms mount a prophylactic immune response when exposed to high density. This prophylactic response is expected to help organisms improve their chances of survival when exposed to pathogens. Alternatively, organisms living at high densities can exhibit compromised defense against pathogens due to lack of resources and density associated physiological stress; the density stress hypothesis. We housed adult Drosophila melanogaster flies at different densities and measured the effect this has on their post-infection survival and resistance to starvation. We find that flies housed at higher densities show greater mortality after being infected with bacterial pathogens, while also exhibiting increased resistance to starvation. Our results are more in line with the density-stress hypothesis that postulates a compromised immune system when hosts are subjected to high densities.
Hydrodynamics of spike proteins dictate a transport-affinity competition for SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses

Many viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza, possess envelopes decorated with surface proteins (a.k.a. spikes). Depending on the virus type, a large variability is present in the surface-proteins number, morphology and reactivity, which remains generally unexplained. Since viruses’ transmissibility depends on features beyond their genetic sequence, new tools are required to discern the effects of spikes functionality, interaction, and morphology. Here, we postulate the relevance of hydrodynamic interactions in the viral infectivity of enveloped viruses and propose micro-rheological characterization as a platform for virus differentiation. To understand how the spikes affect virion mobility and infectivity, we investigate the diffusivity of spike-decorated structures using mesoscopic-hydrodynamic simulations. Furthermore, we explored the interplay between affinity and passive viral transport. Our results revealed that the diffusional mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is strongly influenced by the size and distribution of its spikes. We propose and validate a universal mechanism to explain the link between optimal virion structure and maximal infectivity for many virus families.
Heterogeneity of tau deposition and microvascular involvement in MCI and AD

Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted the role of tau pathology in the impaired cerebrovascular function frequently observed in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These studies typically report on cerebrovascular abnormalities, disease severity, and/or tau deposition in only a few brain regions susceptible to AD pathology. Animal models of tauopathy demonstrate extended tau‐driven alterations in capillary physiology, including aberrant angiogenesis, suggesting the interaction between tau and perfusion may be more complex and heterogeneous than others have presented. This study is the first to date to inspect the extent of heterogeneity in microvascular perfusion associated with tau deposition in MCI and AD patients.
Relevance of RHBDL4‐mediated APP processing for Alzheimer’s disease

Autosomal dominant inherited mutations causatively link the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and one of its proteolytic cleavage products, Aβ peptides, is characteristic of AD. While APP’s relevance in the pathogenesis of the disease is clear, its physiological functions remain poorly characterized. This is in part due to the subtle defects exhibited by APP null mice, such as decreased spine density, which hint at a role in neuronal development. Therefore, fully understanding APP’s physiological functions and defining the triggers leading to Aβ production is crucial to determining the cellular conditions underlying AD. We have recently discovered an alternative processing pathway of APP mediated by the rhomboid protease RHBDL4. We have shown in vitro that RHBDL4 produces several characteristic APP fragments in the ER and affects APP cell surface levels as well as Aβ production. Here, we aim to further determine the physiological relevance of this novel pathway in the context of AD.
Alaska Native elders’ cultural beliefs, practices, and values: The case for culturally informed holistic dementia care

Alaska Native (AN) people are projected to experience Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias at an increasingly high rate in comparison to other US races. However, due to colonization among AN tribes and the subsequent institutionalization of modern medicine, cultural practices and values that greatly impact holistic health and dementia care have been overshadowed and in some instances eradicated. Thus, more can be known about the psychosocial factors that have and can contribute to optimal dementia care for a population that experiences health disparities (e.g., heart disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases, cerebrovascular diseases) and barriers to care (e.g., language, rurality, access to resources).
Erythropoietic properties of human induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived red blood cells in immunodeficient mice

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is a life‐saving intervention for anemic patients. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have the capability to expand and differentiate into RBCs (iPSC‐RBCs). Here we developed a murine model to investigate the in vivo properties of human iPSC‐RBCs. iPSC lines were produced from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by transient expression of plasmids containing OCT4, SOX2, MYC, KLF4, and BCL‐XL genes. Human iPSC‐RBCs were generated in culture supplemented with human platelet lysate, and were CD34−CD235a+ CD233+ CD49dlow CD71low; about 13% of iPSC‐RBCs were enucleated before transfusion. Systemic administration of clodronate liposomes (CL) and cobra venom factor (CVF) to NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice markedly promoted the circulatory survival of human iPSC‐RBCs following transfusion. While iPSC‐RBCs progressively decreased with time, 90% of circulating iPSC‐RBCs were enucleated 1 day after transfusion (CD235a+ CD233+ CD49d− CD71−). Surprisingly, human iPSC‐RBCs reappeared in the peripheral circulation at 3 weeks after transfusion at levels more than 8‐fold higher than at 1 h after transfusion. Moreover, a substantial portion of the transfused nucleated iPSC‐RBCs preferentially homed to the bone marrow, and were detectable at 24 days after transfusion. These results suggest that nucleated human iPSC‐derived cells that homed to the bone marrow of NSG mice retained the capability to complete differentiation into enucleated erythrocytes and egress the bone marrow into peripheral blood. The results offer a new model using human peripheral blood‐derived iPSC and CL/CVF‐treated NSG mice to investigate the development and circulation of human erythroid cells in vivo.