Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Bandwidth Nonlinear Resonance Electromagnetic Human Motion Energy Harvester Using Magnetic Springs and Ferrofluid

An enhanced bandwidth nonlinear resonant electromagnetic energy harvester has been designed to harness low frequency energy from basic human motions. The inertial mass of the proposed harvester is formed by four stacked ring permanent magnets (PMs), which is suspended axially by two magnetic springs and circumferentially by ferrofluid within a carbon fiber tube. The magnetic springs are made up of two button PMs adhered, respectively, to the end cap at each end of the carbon fiber tube to provide varying repulsive forces to the PM stack, resulting in enhanced resonance frequency band and higher efficiency in energy harvesting. The ferrofluid that self-assembles around the edges of the PM stack acts as its bearing system to minimize frictional losses during its movement. Copper wire is wrapped outside the tube to form the armature winding. The stiffness characteristic of the magnetic springs and the optimum equilibrium position and number of windings have been determined by finite element method analysis. As a proof of concept, a portable prototype of the proposed energy harvester that weighs 110 g and with a volume of only 37.7 cm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^3$</tex-math></inline-formula> is fabricated. A series of experiments is carried out and the results show that the frequency band of the harvester becomes wider as the external vibration intensity increases. In addition, the effectiveness of ferrofluid in reducing friction is demonstrated under walking and running conditions. Without ferrofluid, the maximum average outputs are 10.15 and 32.53 mW, respectively, for walking and running. With ferrofluid, the maximum outputs are 17.72 and 54.61 mW, representing an increase of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$74.58\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$67.88\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. Furthermore, the prototype exhibits an average power density of 1.45 mW/cm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^3$</tex-math></inline-formula> during running motions, which compares favorably with existing harvesters used in low power wearable devices.
Humeral intramedullary nail bending following trauma: a case report

Humeral fractures can occur proximally, midshaft, or distally and are categorized as having simple, wedge, or complex (comminuted) patterns. Midshaft humeral fractures account for 2% of all fractures [1]. Since humeral shaft fractures have an excellent consolidation ability due to the rich vascularization by soft tissue and surrounding muscles, the majority of these fractures can be treated conservatively [2]. With nonoperative management, union rates of more than 90% have been described in the literature [2]. Because of the large range of motion of the shoulder and elbow joint, rotatory and angulatory deformities can be compensated for. The most common complications associated with shaft fractures include neurovascular compromise (radial nerve) and nonunion. Nonunion after a humeral fracture presents a challenge for the surgeon and is often debilitating for the patient. Humeral nonunion is defined as the absence of bone healing 6 to 12 months after initial injury [3], and it can be subdivided as atrophic and Humeral intramedullary nail bending following trauma: a case report
Performance Test of 2.5 kW DC Boost Converter for Nanogrid System Applications

The development of power electronics continues to grow rapidly. One type of power electronics is the DC boost converter, which steps up DC voltage to another level. DC boost converters are widely used in many applications; for renewable energy, DC boost converters are very useful for stepping up DC voltage levels from nonconventional energy resources, such as photovoltaics, wind turbines, and fuel cells, to the main system. In this study, we tested a DC boost converter that has been developed to step up 48 V DC from energy storage to 235 V DC in the main bus. The DC boost converter will be used in the nanogrids system, developed by TREC and will supply household appliances such as televisions, lamps, laptops, and mobile phones. The performance tests showed between +3% and -1.2% of voltage deviation and 66– 98% efficiency.
Impact of Augmented Reality Technology on Customer Engagement in Egypt

Nowadays with the daily uprising innovations of technologies all over the world, augmented reality technology was developed and integrated to many different industries and can hugely impact consumer's engagements in various industries in Egypt. Conclusive descriptive research is conducted in a quantitative form. The target population will be highly educated university students as they are considered the youth of the community, the students’ social classes will be from social class A and B with high and higher middle incomes. The total sample of valid analyzed online questionnaires consisted of 152 participants mainly university students from both genders males and females drawn from private universities in Cairo. Findings clarified a positive relationship between augmented reality technology and costumers engagements in Egypt where the perceptions and mindsets of teenagers had changed to being more open and aware with new trending technologies. It is thus recommended to exploit augmented reality technologies in the shopping industry in Egypt, This will raise the consumers' engagement leading to increase in consumption and purchases consequently
The Risk of Heart Disease-Related Death Among Anaplastic Astrocytoma Patients After Chemotherapy: A SEER Population-Based Analysis

Background Despite improved overall survival outcomes, chemotherapy has brought concerns for heart disease–related death (HDRD) among cancer patients. The effect of chemotherapy on the risk of HDRD in anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) patients remains unclear. Methods We obtained 7,129 AA patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1975 to 2016. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the HDRD risk. Based on the competing risk model, we calculated the cumulative incidences of HDRD and non-HDRD and performed univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Then, a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was used to improve the comparability between AA patients with and without chemotherapy. Landmark analysis at 216 and 314 months was employed to minimize immortal time bias. Results AA patients with chemotherapy were at a lower HDRD risk compared to those patients without chemotherapy (adjusted HR=0.782, 95%CI=0.736–0.83, P<0.001). For competing risk regression analysis, the cumulative incidence of HDRD in non-chemotherapy exceeded HDRD in the chemotherapy group (P<0.001) and multivariable analysis showed a lower HDRD risk in AA patients with chemotherapy (adjusted SHR=0.574, 95%CI=0.331–0.991, P=0.046). In the PSM-after cohort, there were no significant association between chemotherapy and the increased HDRD risk (adjusted SHR=0.595, 95%CI=0.316−1.122, P=0.11). Landmark analysis showed that AA patients who received chemotherapy had better heart disease–specific survival than those in the non-chemotherapy group (P=0.007) at the follow-up time points of 216 months. No difference was found when the follow-up time was more than 216 months. Conclusion AA patients with chemotherapy are associated with a lower risk of HDRD compared with those without chemotherapy. Our findings may help clinicians make a decision about the management of AA patients and provide new and important evidence for applying chemotherapy in AA patients as the first-line treatment. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and investigate the correlation of the risk of HDRD with different chemotherapy drugs and doses.
Mutational and Epimutational Analysis of Cell Death-Resistant Tumor Cells: Clues to Molecular Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapy

Several large tumor genome sequencing projects are ongoing or have been completed in recent years (e.g. the Cancer Genome Project by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) to get an overview of entire genome variations that occur in a tumor cell and to elucidate novel cancer genes and potential therapeutic targets [7]. An unpredicted discovery resulting from these projects was that along with the small number of original cancer-causing “driver mutations” that enforce tumor progression, numerous so-called “passenger mutations”, which seem to be mostly insignificant for tumorigenesis, are coselected and carried by the tumor cell [8]. Nevertheless, as the role these passenger mutations is currently unexplored they should not be underrated with regard to potential future findings and and it has been proposed that driver mutations engage in a tug-of-war with damaging passengers [9,10].
High-Transmittance 2π Electrically Tunable Terahertz Phase Shifter with CMOS-Compatible Driving Voltage Enabled by Liquid Crystals

We have investigated tunable terahertz (THz) phase shifters that are based on a sandwiched liquid crystal (LC) cell with indium–tin–oxide (ITO) nanowhiskers (NWhs) as transparent electrodes. More than 360° of phase shift at 1.0 THz was achieved at a driving voltage as low as ~2.6 V (rms). This is approximately 40 times smaller than that reported in previous works using an electrically tuned LC device. Significance of the NWhs in reducing the required voltage is demonstrated. Overall transmittance of the device is as high as 30%, which is accountable by absorption losses of ITO NWhs, quartz substrate and LC. Experimental results are in good agreement with a theoretical formulism while taking into account super-thick LC cells (~1 mm) and pretilt angles. We also propose and demonstrate a novel THz technique for measuring pretilt angles of liquid crystals.
Effect of Compression Ratio of Graphite Felts on the Performance of an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

All-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are considered promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their flexible power scale design, high efficiency, deep discharge, long cycle life and environmental friendliness. The performance and efficiency of a VRFB is affected by many factors, including component materials, battery design, electrolyte composition and operating conditions. Among the key components, porous electrodes play a key role, as the electrochemical reaction occurs on the fiber surface of the electrode. As such, many studies have focused on improving reaction kinetics by modifying the surface of the electrode. In this work, the effect of varying the compression ratio (CR) of graphite felts on the performance and efficiency of a VRFB are investigated. The impedance of a single VRFB under varying CRs of graphite felts at various operating conditions were also measured. The results suggest that performance of a VRFB increases with increasing CR due to the decrease of area resistance and concentration overpotential. The porous electrode compressed from 6.5 to 4 mm demonstrates the optimal energy efficiency of 73% at the operating current density 80 mA cm−2 and electrolyte flow rate 100 mL min−1.
Relation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in the world, according to the World Health Organization. In terms of cardiovascular disease, NAFLD represent a risk factor. One of the best biomarkers of platelet activation and function is the mean platelet volume (MPV). MPV has been shown to be a risk factor for atherothrombosis and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV) has been shown to be a useful tool in assessing NAFLD patients' prognosis. Methods: After metabolic syndrome was ruled out, a prospective case-control study with 25 NAFLD patients and 25 healthy controls of the same age group was carried out. Before patients were enrolled, they signed an informed consent form. The research was given the go light by the Banha University Faculty of Medicine's Ethics Committee. Results: NAFLD patients had a considerably higher MPV than the control group. Conclusion: NAFLD is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, according to the findings of this study.
Hilbert, Turing y la noción de procedimiento efectivo

Hilbert, Turing and the idea of effective procedure. Hilbert put forward the properties that an effective procedure should possess, without a formal characterization. Nevertheless, he formulated four desiderata: (1) a calculus is a set of instructions to be executed to solve a problem; 2) it must boil down to rules for the manipulation of formulae of a suitable formal language; 3) it must guarantee the solution of the problem in a finite number of steps; 4) it should be possible to set in advance an upper bound to the number of steps it will take to find the solution. Turing proposed his famous machines to define rigorously the meaning of effective procedure and, paradoxically, showed there is no mathematical characterization of it that satisfies Hilbert’s expectations. In particular, Turing’s model goes beyond desiderata third and fourth. Key words: Effective Procedure, Entscheidungsproblem, Halting Problem, Turing machines.
Non‐isolated buck–boost dc–dc converter with quadratic voltage gain ratio

A new transformer-less buck-boost converter is proposed, which owns a quadratic voltage gain ratio. The proposed converter (a) has only one active switch, which makes the implementation of the gate driver and control system simpler; (b) has a quadratic voltage gain without using a transformer, which equips the designers to obtain a high-voltage gain ratio and avoid the complexity of magnetic utilisations; (c) works both in step-up or step-down mode, while most of the existing quadratic topologies are able to work either in step-up or step-down mode; and (d) shares a common ground between the input and output terminals. The operating states of the proposed converter along with its steady-state performance are analysed. Then, the small-signal modelling and the power loss analysis are performed. A comparison shows the unique features of the converter, specifically in terms of voltage gain ratio and the count of power switches. Finally, the experimental results of a laboratory prototype, as well as the simulation results from PSIM software, are used for validation. The converter was tested in different conditions to inspect its transient response and to record its efficiency. The maximum recorded efficiencies in boost and buck modes, respectively were 94.7 and 93%.
Bone Perspectives in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea: An Update and Future Avenues

One of the most important and potentially long-lasting detrimental consequences of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea (FHA) is on skeletal homeostasis. Beyond oestrogen deficiency, FHA is associated with a cascade of additional neuro-endocrine and metabolic alterations, some adaptive, but which combine to disrupt skeletal homeostasis. Ultimately, this leads to a two-fold increased risk of fractures in women with FHA compared to healthy eumenorrhoeic women. Although the cornerstone of management of FHA-related bone loss remains recovery of menses via restoration of metabolic/psychological balance, there is rapidly developing evidence for hormonal manipulations (with a particular emphasis on route of administration) and other pharmacological treatments that can protect or improve skeletal homeostasis in FHA. In this mini-review, we provide an update on the pathophysiology, clinical management and future avenues in the field from a bone perspective.
Mechanisms of Pine Disease Susceptibility Under Experimental Climate Change

Climate change (CC) conditions projected for many temperate areas of the world, expressed by way of excessive temperatures and low water availability, will impact forest health directly by means of abiotic stress but also by predisposing trees to pathogenic attack. However, we do not yet know how such environmental conditions alter the physiology and metabolism of trees to render them more susceptible to pathogens. To explore these mechanisms, we conditioned 3-year-old Austrian pine saplings to a simulated CC environment (combined drought and elevated temperatures), followed by pathogenic inoculation with two sister fungal species characterized by contrasting aggressiveness, Diplodia sapinea (aggressive) and D. scrobiculata (less aggressive). Lesion lengths resulting from infection were measured after 3 weeks to determine phenotypes, while dual transcriptomics analysis was conducted on tissues collected from the margins of developing lesions on separate branches 72 h post inoculation. As expected, climate change conditions enhanced host susceptibility to the less aggressive pathogen, D. scrobiculata, to a level that was not statistically different from the more aggressive D. sapinea. Under controlled climate conditions, D. sapinea induced suppression of critical pathways associated with host nitrogen and carbon metabolism, while enhancing its own carbon assimilation. This was accompanied by suppression of host defense-associated pathways. In contrast, D. scrobiculata infection induced host nitrogen and fatty acid metabolism as well as host defense response. The CC treatment, on the other hand, was associated with suppression of critical host carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways, alongside defense associated pathways, in response to either pathogen. We propose a new working model integrating concurrent host and pathogen responses, connecting the weakened host phenotype under CC treatment with specific metabolic compartments. Our results contribute to a richer understanding of the mechanisms underlying the oft-observed increased susceptibility to fungal infection in trees under conditions of low water availability and open new areas of investigation to further integrate our knowledge in this critical aspect of tree physiology and ecology.
Preliminary measurements of carbon and oxygen energy spectra from the second flight of CREAM

The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment was successfully flown twice on long–duration balloons from McMurdo, Antarctica, in 2004/05 and 2005/06. During the second flight, the redundant charge identification system of the instrument (based on scintillators and silicon detectors) was upgraded with the addition of a second layer of pixelated silicon sensors. A measurement of the particle energy was provided by an ionization calorimeter. From the on–going analysis of the data of the second flight, preliminary results on carbon and oxygen spectra up to a few TeV/n are presented.
Land-use patterns, location choice, and travel behavior: Evidence from São Paulo

Global South cities are vastly underrepresented in the literature that analyzes the relationships between location choice, land-use patterns and travel behavior. This paper aims to reduce that underrepresentation by bringing new evidence from a metropolitan region in the Global South. We estimate a Structural Equation Model to study the relationships between land-use patterns, location choice, car ownership and travel behavior, while controlling for self-selection, in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. The model structure is adapted from previous applications to include variables related with specific aspects of the studied region, with the inclusion of informal work and people working two jobs, while simultaneously controlling for cohort effects associated with being a millennial. The results support the claim that land-use patterns influence travel behavior, even in a metropolitan area showing strong income-based spatial segregation levels. More specifically, commuting distance and car ownership act as important mediators in the relationships between the total amount of travel by mode and land-use patterns. In contrast to previous applications of this model framework, income plays a stronger role, an indication of relevant income-based residential sorting. Cohort effects are also visible, as millennials prefer to live in central, accessible, and mixed areas, own fewer cars, travel less by car, and use public transit and non-motorized modes more frequently.
Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Piezoelectric AlN MEMS Speakers Enabled by Analytical Expressions

Sensitivity is a key parameter for microspeakers, especially in low-power applications such as consumer electronics, medical devices and Internet of Things. However, the sensitivities of most reported piezoelectric MEMS speakers are inferior to those of commercially available electrodynamic speakers. Design of high-sensitivity piezoelectric MEMS speakers requires an analytical expression of sensitivity, which is not yet available. In this paper, the analytical expression is derived, and an ultrahigh-sensitivity piezoelectric MEMS speaker is designed, fabricated and characterized. The sensitivities of the speaker in an ear simulator are 107 dB/mW, 104 dB/mW and 105 dB/mW at 250 Hz, 1 kHz and 10 kHz, respectively, which are the highest among piezoelectric MEMS speakers. The analytical calculation results and measurement data are perfectly matched. Furthermore, the speaker is based on thin-film AlN instead of commonly used thin-film PZT. This work demonstrates that the ultrahigh-sensitivity piezoelectric AlN MEMS speaker consumes 10 times less power than a typical 6 mm electrodynamic speaker; and the developed analytical expressions provide valuable design insights into piezoelectric MEMS speakers for high sensitivity and low power. [2022-0063]
Seasonal Variations of Chemical Weathering and CO2 Consumption Processes in the Headwater (Datong River Basin) of the Yellow River Draining the Tibetan Plateau

The Yellow River basin covers contrasting tectonics, climate, and vegetation settings. To explore the seasonal chemical weathering differences from the upstream to downstream of the Yellow River basin, we collected weekly river waters from the Datong River draining the Tibetan Plateau in 2017. Our results show remarkably seasonal variations of major ions. A forward model was employed to quantify the contribution of silicate, carbonate, and sulfide oxidation/evaporite and atmospheric input to the cations, which yielded the contributions of 9.21 ± 1.57%, 46.07 ± 1.4%, 21.46 ± 1.03%, and 23.26 ± 1.72%, respectively, indicating a dominated carbonate weathering to the river chemistry. The significant correlation between the carbonate weathering rate and runoff suggests a critical runoff control on chemical weathering in the Datong River catchment. A comprehensive comparison between the upper and middle-lower reaches of the Yellow River basin shows a declined silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rate (ØCO2sil) from the upstream to downstream. In contrast, the physical erosion rate shows an increased trend, with the most prominent increase in the midstream Loess Plateau. A further comparison between the Yellow River draining the Tibetan Plateau and the Loess Plateau shows 4.5 times higher ØCO2sil but 9.5 times lower erosion rate. In conclusion, we propose that the runoff, rather than erosion, plays a central role on chemical weathering in the Yellow River basin, which provides insight for in-depth understanding the surficial weathering and the global carbon cycle.
$\bar{\rm MS}$ parton densities with NNLO heavy flavor matching conditions

A study is made of charm and bottom flavor matching conditions on parton densities. Starting from an $\bar{\rm MS}$ three-flavor density set, where the scale $\mu < m_c$, and using the recently derived two-loop matching conditions, we provide a new set of four-flavor parton densities where $ m_c \le \mu < m_b$ and five-flavor densities where $\mu \ge m_b$. The effect of the next-to-next-to-leading order matching conditions on the evolution equations is important for scales just above the transition regions. This includes the small $x$ and small $Q^2$ domain studied by the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA. At small $x$ the effects of the matching conditions never die away even for large $\mu^2$.