Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entry, Exit, and Investment-Specific Technical Change

Using European data, this paper finds that (i) industry entry and exit rates are positively related to industry rates of investment-specific technical change (ISTC); and (ii) the sensitivity of industry entry and exit rates to cross-country differences in entry costs depends on industry rates of ISTC. The paper con structs a general equilibrium model in which the rate of ISTC varies across industries and new investment-specific technologies can be introduced by entrants or by incumbents. In the calibrated model, equilibrium behavior is consistent with stylized facts (i) and (ii), provided the cost of technology adop tion is increasing in the rate of ISTC. (JEL G31, LI 1, 031, 033) Entry and exit rates differ significantly across industries. Over the period 1963-1982, Timothy Dunne, Mark J. Roberts, and Larry Samuelson (1988) find that five-year entry rates in US manu facturing data range from 21 percent in tobacco to 60 percent in scientific instruments. High entry industries are high-exit industries, suggesting that entry and exit are largely due to the same industry-specific factors. At the same time, little is known about what these factors might be. This paper finds a strong, positive link between industry entry and exit rates and the pace of technical progress in the capital goods that the industry uses? the rate of investment-specific technical change (ISTC). A significant fraction of entry and exit thus represents the introduction and replacement of capital-embodied technologies. ISTC is also positively related to the proportion of enterprises in each industry that displays large investment outlays in a given year. That investment often occurs in "spikes" has been known since at least Mark Doms and Dunne (1998), and the results link this pattern to the replacement of new capital-embodied technologies by incumbents. Furthermore, the decision of whether (or when) to exit appears sensitive to policy: in countries in which the cost of entry is high, rates of entry and exit are disproportionately suppressed in industries with high rates of ISTC. To analyze these findings, the paper develops a general equilibrium model in which chang ing the vintage of capital used by a particular enterprise is costly. In the model, this vintage is termed a "technology" and an enterprise is a technology-manager pair. The manager accumu lates expertise with a given technology over time, and at any date may choose to upgrade to a newer technology? at the expense of accumulated expertise, as in Boyan Jovanovic and Yaw
Caught in the Cultural Lag: The Stigma of Singlehood

of the United States on-line. Table no. HS-11. Marital status of the population by sex: 1900 to 2002. Retrieved from http://www.census. gov/statab/hist/HS-11.pdf Veroff, J., Douvan, E. , & Kulka, R. A. (1981) The inner American. New York: Basic Books. Waite, L. , & Gallagher, M. (2001). The case for marriage: Why married people are happier, healthier and better off financially. New York: Broadway Books. Walker, A. (2004). A symposium on marriage and its future. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 843–847. Watkins, S. C. (Ed.). (1984). Spinster. Journal of Family History, 9,
Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells

Plasmonics is a promising new approach to enhance the light trapping properties of thin-film solar cells. Metal nanoparticles support surface plasmon modes, which are used to couple light into the underlying optical modes of the semiconductor. Tuning the surface plasmon resonance can be used in order to enhance absorption in the wavelength region required. Excitation of surface plasmons is characterised by strong scattering and enhancement of the electric field around the vicinity of the metal nanoparticle. Photocurrent enhancements have been reported from both inorganic and organic solar cells due to either one of these mechanisms. This paper reviews recent progress in this area and also discusses the potential of surface plasmons in the third generation solar cells. & 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Disaster Related Social Behavior: Summary of 50 Years of Research Findings

This paper summarizes much although not all of what is known about overall disaster related social behavior. Drawing from a base of 50 years of social science research involving thousands of studies, we note the typical patterns of behavior at the individual, organizational, community and mass media levels. The last is a surrogate for reactions at the societal level. To avoid interminable and specific documentation, readers are presented a large bibliography at the end of this paper that lists the major research literature examined for the purpose of this essay. Most disasters impact a community. However, there are non-community types of disasters, e.g., a plane crash in an isolated rural area. This affects behavioral responses (e.g., crash survivors do not receive the social support that emerges in a community when residents have undergone a common disaster experience). The 20 general observations below around which we organize our comments, are mostly about community disasters. This is the paper written as background for the oral remarks to be made at the 8Th International Symposium on Natural and Technological Hazards: Hazards 2000 to be held in Tokushima, Shikoku, Japan, May 21-25, 2000.
Letter to the Editor Laboratory Investigations in Patients with Community Acquired Sepsis and/or Pneumonia Caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei

Papers that have been accepted for publication are peer-reviewed and copy edited but do not incorporate all corrections or constitute the final versions that will appear in the Journal. Final, corrected papers will be published online concurrent with the release of the print issue. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Human Sandfly-Borne Phlebovirus Exposure in an Endemic Region

Sandfly-borne phleboviruses are endemic in countries around the Mediterranean Basin and pose a significant health threat for populations, with symptoms spanning from febrile diseases to central nervous system involvement. We carried out a comprehensive cross-sectional screening via microneutralization (MN) assays for a quantitative assessment of neutralizing antibodies (NAs) to seven phleboviruses representing three distinct serocomplexes, using samples previously screened via immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) in Turkey, an endemic region with various phleboviruses in circulation. We detected NAs to three phleboviruses: Toscana virus (TOSV), sandfly fever Naples virus (SFNV), and sandfly fever Sicilian virus (SFSV), while assays utilizing Adana virus, Punique virus, Massilia virus, and Zerdali virus remained negative. The most frequently observed virus exposure was due to TOSV, with a total prevalence of 22.6%, followed by SFNV (15.3%) and SFSV (12.1%). For each virus, IFA reactivity was significantly associated with NA detection, and further correlated with NA titers. TOSV and SFSV seroreactivities were co-detected, suggesting exposure to multiple pathogenic viruses presumably due to shared sandfly vectors. In 9.6% of the samples, multiple virus exposure was documented. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate widespread exposure to distinct pathogenic phleboviruses, for which diagnostic testing and serological screening efforts should be directed.
The Impact of Prior Exposure to Calculus

Many students who take calculus in high school opt to retake the course in college. This study investigated the impact of that prior exposure. Students were invited to complete a survey about their experiences with calculus, with eight being interviewed afterwards. While students nearly unanimously agreed that prior experience with calculus was a benefit, none felt that it was a necessity to succeed in a college calculus course. Also, a few students identified some detriments to having taken calculus in high school, mostly stemming from an inadequate high school class. Despite the students’ perceptions, Pearson’s Chi Square Tests identified a significant difference in both the students’ success (pass/fail) and letter grades based on the method of placement into Calculus I (testing in via a placement test did better than taking the pre-requisite courses), but not based on either prior exposure to calculus or type of calculus taken during high school (AP and taking the test, AP and not taking the test, non-AP, or no calculus). A survey on student perceptions identified calculus as the most beneficial class to take before Calculus I, but interviews indicated algebra and trigonometry as the most beneficial.
Price effects of trading and components of the bid-ask spread on the Paris

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IDENTITY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN SOCCER FANZINE Basking in Reflected Glory and Blasting: Differences in identity management strategies

This study examines in soccer fanzine two identity management strategies – BIRGing and blasting -- of two groups of highly identified soccer fans with allegiance to the same team. Results showed strong support for the BIRG phenomenon among both ultra fans groups but little evidence of the blasting phenomenon among either group. The implications of these findings are discussed in regards to social identity management among sport fans.
An ICT-Based Extension Services’ Adoption Model for Public Extension Officers: A Case in Mali

The realization of higher yield and therefore agricultural productivity cannot be achieved without information. That information is disseminated in developing countries, particularly Mali by government-led extension services. However, there are few (public) extension officers to disseminate that information. That makes the use of other means such as ICT one of the best ways to disseminate the extension services. This paper, firstly, looked at the drivers and challenges of the adoption of ICT based extension services by public extension officers in Mali from the literature to propose a conceptual framework. Secondly, the study assessed the survey questionnaire and thirdly, evaluated the proposed model. A sequential exploratory research design was followed. It consisted of conducting in-depth-interviews with 12 key stakeholders (agricultural scientist, policymakers, IT professional and head of extension services) in Bamako and Koulikoro. These data were analysed using computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (RQDA) to contextualize the proposed conceptual framework. Thereafter, a survey questionnaire was designed and administered to 21 public extension officers in Bamako, Kati and Koulikoro. Quantitative data was analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling with the aid of the software Smartpls 3.2. 8. This study validated a questionnaire of 19 items out of 26 for the next phase of the study with more respondents. Additionally, the results revealed that Relative Advantage, High Cost, Compatibility, Complexity, ICT-Skills and Policy explained 48.4% of the variance of the adoption of ICT based extension services by public extension officers.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED REPORTING ON MARKET PERFORMANCE OF SOE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

This study aims to examine the implementation of IR elements which are still voluntary on market performance as measured using the Price earning ratio and stock prices. The sample used in this research is 20 state-owned companies which issue annual reports from 2018 to 2020. This study uses a multiple regression analysis tool by testing two research models, namely the first to test the implementation of IR on the price earning ratio, the second model to test the implementation IR on stock prices. The results in this study indicate that market performance as measured by stock prices is influenced by the disclosures of companies that implement IR. These results indicate that disclosure through IR causes investors to be better able to see and assess the company's prospects in the future so that the risks that must be borne by investors are reduced. Thus, a company's stock price can increase followed by an increase in information disclosure made by the company through the implementation of IR
Acute Changes in Body Muscle Mass and Fat Depletion in Hospitalized Young Trauma Patients: A Descriptive Retrospective Study

Background: Loss of muscle mass, and its strength, is associated with adverse outcomes in many medical and surgical conditions. Trauma patients may get malnourished during their hospital course due to many interrelated contributing factors. However, there is insufficient knowledge on the acute muscle and fat changes in young trauma patients in the early days post-admission. Objective: to explore the diagnosis, feeding status, and outcome of muscle mass loss among young abdominal polytrauma patients. Methods: It was a retrospective study including hospitalized abdominal trauma patients who underwent an abdominal computerized tomographic (CT) examination initially and a follow-up one week later. CT scan-based automatic and manual analysis of the muscles and fat of the abdominal region was calculated and compared. Also, we evaluated the feeding and nutritional values to explore the adequacy of the provided calories and proteins and the potential influence of enteral feeding on the CT-based parameters for muscle loss and fat depletion. Results: There were 138 eligible subjects with a mean age of 32.8 ± 13.5 years; of them, 92% were males. Operative interventions were performed on two-thirds of the patients, including abdominal surgery (43%), orthopedic surgeries (34%), and neurosurgical procedures (8.1%). On admission, 56% received oral feeding, and this rate slightly increased to 58.4% after the first week. Enteral feed was prescribed for the remaining, except for two patients. The percentage of change in the total psoas muscle area was significantly reduced after one week of admission in patients on enteral feed as compared to those in the oral feeding group (p = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the percentages of changes in the CT scan findings except for the total psoas muscle area (p = 0.001) and para-spinal muscle area (p = 0.02), which reduced significantly in the those who underwent laparotomy as compared to those who did not need laparotomy. Trauma patients who underwent emergency abdominal surgery lost muscle and fat over time. Conclusions: Loss of muscle mass and body fat is not uncommon among young trauma patients. Patients who underwent laparotomy are more likely to be affected. Further larger studies are needed to assess the specific features in the younger trauma population and how far this can be influenced by the nutrition status and its impact on the clinical outcomes. It could be early or impending stages of sarcopenia linked to trauma patients, or just acute changes in the muscle and fat, that need further investigation and follow-up after hospital discharge.
Fermat’s last theorem, a proof based to limit

Has Fermat proved his last theorem as he claimed in his writings? This is a question of both historical and mathematical value. In this study, we partially prove Fermat’s last theorem, based on the concept of limit that was known in considerable depth back in the 16th century. We provide a short prove that is valid for large values of n, suggesting that it could have been close to Fermat’s unrevealed proof.
Perfil de transmisión del SARS COV2 en una región sanitaria del Paraguay

Introducción: La transmisión viral a menudo se propaga en grupos, donde las infecciones se pueden rastrear hasta un caso índice o una ubicación geográfica, para así poder tomar medidas de prevención al respecto. Entender el perfil de transmisión del SARS-CoV-2 es esencial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de prevención y control de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil de transmisión del Sars-Cov-2, a partir de clúster con casos índices identificados, en la V región sanitaria (Caaguazu) del Paraguay, entre julio y octubre del 2020. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, con fichas de notificación de casos de COVID-19 y resultados laboratoriales de la RT_PCR en pacientes diagnosticados con COVID-19 en la V Región Sanitaria entrejulio y octubre del 2020. Resultados: Fueron identificadas 703 personas con Sars-Cov-2 positivo. El 55,49% de las personas no reconoció algún nexo de contagio. Con respecto al tipo de evento donde ocurrían con mayor frecuencia los contagios, ocurrieron en Eventos Sociales en 58,14% de los casos y en el Ambiente Familiar en el 33,89%. La transmisión secundaria se observó en el 17,40% de los casos. Fueron identificados 58 Clústers, con una mediana de tamaño de los mismos de 3 (RIQ 2-4), y 267 personas (37,98%) asociadas a los mismos. Conclusión: La mayoría de las personas no reconocieron su nexo de contagio, sin embargo, en los que, si conocieron, se puede observar que la participación en eventos sociales fue el principal nexo, por lo que es fundamental realizar este tipo de ejercicios para hacer el seguimiento oportuno de los casos.
Swarming Behaviors in Multiagent Systems with Nonlinear Dynamics and Aperiodically Intermittent Communication

This paper investigates the stability of a class of swarm model with nonlinear dynamics and aperiodically intermittent communication. Different from previous works, it assumes that the agents obtain information from the neighbors at a series of aperiodically time intervals. Moreover, nonlinear dynamics and time delay are considered. It finds that all agents in a swarm can reach cohesion within a finite time under discontinuous communication, where the upper bounds of cohesion depend on the parameters of the swarm model and communication time. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of the theoretical results.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET OF LEVONORGESTREL

The study was undertaken with an aim to develop and optimized formulation of Hormonal contraceptive, Levonorgestrel by oral drug delivery. Pre-formulation studies were conducted to know the drug excipient compatibilities. The superdisintegrants crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate were used for immediate release of drug from tablet. The prepared tablets were evaluated for all pre-compression parameters and post-compression parameters. The drug excipient interaction was investigated by FTIR. All formulation showed compliances with the pharmacopoeial standard. The study reveals that formulations prepared by direct compression F9 exhibits highest dissolution using both crospovidone and SSG showed faster drug release 93.13 % over the period of 60 min while disintegration time of the tablet was showed 45 sec comparison to other formulations of Levonorgestrel. The objective of the present project was successfully achieved by developing the product, giving the same release profile to that of innovators product. From this study we are conclude that the immediate release tablet of Levonorgestrel can be formulate and it shows better drug release response.
Investment Spending in the Netherlands

This paper examines the relation between cash flow, corporate governance and fixedinvestment spending. In perfect capital markets we expect no systematic relationship. However, Myers and Majluf’s (1984) asymmetric information hypothesis and Jensen’s (1986) managerial discretion hypothesis present imperfections and predict a positive impact of cash flow on investment in fixed assets. Aspects of corporate governance play an important role in both theories. We measure the impact of cash flow on investment for a set of Dutch firms and aim to distinguish between the asymmetric information hypothesis and the managerial discretion hypothesis. Our findings show that cash flow is an important determinant of investment expenditures. The impact of cash flow is largest for firms with low growth opportunities suggesting that the managerial discretion hypothesis is most at work in the Dutch setting. We also discern that the impact of governance characteristics on both investment and the cash flow-sensitivity of investment differ between firms having low and high growth opportunities. This implies that governance affects the managerial discretion and asymmetric information hypotheses differently.
Good Managers Work More and Pay Less Dividends - a Model of Dividend Policy

This model explains dividends as a component of a contract set up by an uninformed principal. I start from a well-documented empirical fact that there is a relation between dividends declared and executive compensation. I find that when hidden information is about the productivity of the agent then dividend – conditional on cash available – bears a negative relationship to managerial type. That is, for a given level of available cash, the lower type manager declares a higher dividend than that declared by a manager with higher productivity. The result is robust under different model extensions. I also discuss empirical implications of the model.
A multi-centre, prospective, randomised controlled feasibility study of plantar resistance exercise therapy for venous leg ulcers – results of the PREVUE study

Objectives. To evaluate the feasibility of an interventional study involving a seated plantar resistance exercise programme, using a StepIt pedal, aimed at promotion of venous leg ulcer (VLU) healing. Methods. Thirty-two VLU patients, recruited from community, GP and hospital settings, were randomised to either a standard care or adjuvant StepIt exercise programme arm for up to 12 weeks. The exercise involved a twice daily routine of ten times one-minute of exercise, i.e. two-second push and two-second lift repetitions (equating to 300 daily ‘steps’). Results. Complete healing of the VLU was observed in 10 out of 15 (67%; StepIt cohort) and 7 out of 17 (41%; control cohort) respectively (p-value 0.18, Fisher’s exact test). Baseline differences between the two cohorts were longer wound chronicity, less VLU-related pain, and better VLU-related quality of life in the StepIt cohort. One adverse event, involving increased wound exudate and slough production, was observed in a participant using StepIt, and no study withdrawals were recorded in either arm. StepIt users whose wound had completely healed by week 12 were more likely to be compliant with the exercise programme (self-reported) and more positive about the trial experience; however, all would recommend the device to others. Conclusions: seated plantar resistance exercise shows promise and may accelerate VLU wound healing. The StepIt pedal is well-received by patients, and its efficacy may depend on the degree of patient compliance with the exercise programme. Further larger scale studies are indicated to allow more concrete inferences to be made on the clinical and potential health economics impact that this device may have.
Factors Influencing Travel Behavior And Their Potential Solution: A Review Of Current Literatures

Traffic congestion in metropolitan areas has developed into a major problem in many countries all over the world. They have a negative impact on the economy, the environment and the overall quality of life. Time-delay, pollution, land user and stress are some of the impact that appear from congestion. This paper presents an overview of current literatures on the factors that fluence travel behavior as well their impact. Also, potential solutions to this problem are provided which represent the current thinking of transportation planners in mitigating the adverse impact of motorized traffic to socio-politic well-economic affected countries.