Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between outer forearc subsidence and plate boundary kinematics along the Northeast Japan convergent margin

Tectonic erosion along convergent plate boundaries, whereby removal of upper plate material along the subduction zone interface drives kilometer‐scale outer forearc subsidence, has been purported to explain the evolution of nearly half the world's subduction margins, including part of the history of northeast Japan. Here, we evaluate the role of plate boundary dynamics in driving forearc subsidence in northeastern Japan. A synthesis of newly updated analyses of outer forearc subsidence, the timing and kinematics of upper plate deformation, and the history of plate convergence along the Japan trench demonstrate that the onset of rapid fore‐arc tectonic subsidence is contemporaneous with upper plate extension during the opening of the Sea of Japan and with an acceleration in convergence rate at the trench. In Plio‐Quaternary time, relative uplift of the outer forearc is contemporaneous with contraction across the arc and a decrease in plate convergence rate. The coincidence of these changes across the forearc, arc, backarc system appears to require an explanation at the scale of the entire plate boundary. Similar observations along other western Pacific margins suggest that correlations between forearc subsidence and major changes in plate kinematics are the rule, rather than the exception. We suggest that a significant component of forearc subsidence at the northeast Japan margin is not the consequence of basal tectonic erosion, but instead reflects dynamic changes in plate boundary geometry driven by temporal variations in plate kinematics. If correct, this model requires a reconsideration of the mass balance and crustal recycling of continental crust at nonaccretionary margins.
Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general circulation model: An advective mechanism 1

Abstract A series of numerical experiments involving long‐time integrations are conducted using the Bryan‐Cox Ocean General Circulation Model under mixed surface boundary conditions (i.e. a Newtonian restoring surface boundary condition on temperature and a specified flux boundary condition on salinity). Under steady forcing the system oscillates with significant energy at decadal period. This oscillation is shown to be an advective phenomenon, associated with the propagation of salinity and temperature anomalies from the region between the subtropical and subpolar gyres, where they are generated, to the eastern boundary, where deep water is formed. Furthermore, the oscillation is characterized by the fluctuation of the thermohaline circulation between a state in which deep water is formed and a collapsed state in which no deep water is formed. Over the period of the oscillation the poleward heat transport changes by as much as a factor of 3 at certain latitudes. The anomalies are initially formed by the .
Structural basis for the methylation of A1408 in 16S rRNA by a panaminoglycoside resistance methyltransferase NpmA from a clinical isolate and analysis of the NpmA interactions with the 30S ribosomal subunit

NpmA, a methyltransferase that confers resistance to aminoglycosides was identified in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate. It belongs to the kanamycin–apramycin methyltransferase (Kam) family and specifically methylates the 16S rRNA at the N1 position of A1408. We determined the structures of apo-NpmA and its complexes with S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) at 2.4, 2.7 and 1.68 Å, respectively. We generated a number of NpmA variants with alanine substitutions and studied their ability to bind the cofactor, to methylate A1408 in the 30S subunit, and to confer resistance to kanamycin in vivo. Residues D30, W107 and W197 were found to be essential. We have also analyzed the interactions between NpmA and the 30S subunit by footprinting experiments and computational docking. Helices 24, 42 and 44 were found to be the main NpmA-binding site. Both experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that NpmA flips out the target nucleotide A1408 to carry out the methylation. NpmA is plasmid-encoded and can be transferred between pathogenic bacteria; therefore it poses a threat to the successful use of aminoglycosides in clinical practice. The results presented here will assist in the development of specific NpmA inhibitors that could restore the potential of aminoglycoside antibiotics.
ZERO MEMORY NON‐LINEAR DECONVOLUTION*

A type of iterative deconvolution that extracts the source waveform and reflectivity from a seismogram through the use of zero memory, non-linear estimators of reflection coefficient amplitnde is developed. Here, we present a theory for iterative deconvolution that is based upon the specification of a stochastic model describing reflectivity. The resulting parametric algorithm deconvolves the seismogram by forcing a filtered version of the seismogram to resemble an estimated reflection coefficient sequence. This latter time series is itself obtained from the filtered seismogram, and so a degree of iteration is required. Algorithms utilizing zero memory non-linearities (ZNLs) converge to a family of processes, which we call Bussgang, of which any colored Gaussian process and any independent process are members. The direction of convergence is controlled by the choice of ZNL used in the algorithm. Synthetic and real data show that, generally, five to ten iterations are required for acceptable deconvolutions.
Combining Diamond-Tip Dermabrasion Treatments and Topical Skincare in Participants with Dry, Hyperpigmented, Photodamaged or Acne-Prone/Oily Facial Skin: A Clinical Usage Study

Purpose An in-office diamond tip microdermabrasion device (DG) was designed to simultaneously exfoliate, extract, and infuse topical cosmetic serums into the skin to improve its appearance. Combining in-office procedures with take-home skincare may enhance treatment outcomes. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel combination of DG treatments with a take-home cosmetic skincare regimen (DGR) to address facial dryness, hyperpigmentation, photodamage, or acne-prone/oily skin. Patients and Methods In this 12-week, open-label, single-center study, participants were assigned to 1 of 4 groups according to skin presentation: dry, hyperpigmented, photodamaged, or acne-prone/oily. All participants received 6 bi-weekly DG treatments with tailored DGR topical products. During the DG treatment, the dry, hyperpigmented, photodamaged, and acne-prone/oily groups received hydrating, brightening, antioxidant, and pore-clarifying serums, respectively. Study endpoints included investigator grading, standardized photography, and participant questionnaires. Results Sixteen participants aged 22 to 70 years with Fitzpatrick Skin Types I–V completed the study. Immediately after the first DG treatment, significant improvements in dryness, radiance, texture, photodamage, and fine lines were achieved (P<0.01). At 72 hours, significant improvements were maintained in all these parameters except fine lines (P<0.05). The DG and DGR combination provided significant long-term improvements at week 12 compared to baseline for dryness, radiance, texture, hyperpigmentation, photodamage, skin tone unevenness, and periocular/perioral fine lines (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of DG and DGR showed significant immediate and long-term improvements in skin appearance. These results show that the DG and DGR combination is a well-tolerated and effective intervention to enhance different aspects of facial skin quality.
Thermoplasticity of Saturated Soils and Shales: Constitutive Equations

Plastic behavior of soils and shales due to heating and loading under constant elevated temperature is discussed in terms of a thermoplastic version of the critical state model. Rules for dependence of the yield surface on temperature in the elastic states and at yielding are proposed. The elastic domain is assumed to shrink during heating (thermal softening) and to expand during cooling, when the stress state is elastic. In a plastic state thermal softening occurs simultaneously with the plastic strain hardening. At a constant stress state, thermal softening may entirely be compensated by plastic strain hardening leading to thermal consolidation. Loading and unloading criteria are given to determine whether the soil response is thermoelastic or thermoplastic. As opposed to isothermal plasticity, stress rate excursions inside the current yield surface are admissable plastic processes, when temperature grows, even if strain hardening occurs. Also, outside stress rate excursions at the softening side may generate plastic strain, when cooling occurs. Thermally induced plastic strain rate non-associativity is discussed as well. Direct and inverse incremental strain-stress-temperature relationships are formulated. An analysis of the experimental results of thermomechanical testing of saturated clays is given in a companion paper.
Does executive compensation matter to bank performance? Experimental evidence from Jordan

The high pays received by executives has gained global attention. This study examines the impact of executive compensation on the performance of Jordanian banks, an area that has not been explored much. The study uses empirical methods for data collection and analysis. Dependent variables include Return on Equity (ROE) and Tobin’s Q performance, while total compensation incentives is the main independent variable. Control variables include bank size, bank age, leverage, and female executives. Through balanced panel data analysis comprising 196 bank-year observations, this quantitative research paper applies Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), fixed-effect, and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) methods. These methods accurately establish the compensation-performance relationship in the banking sector from 2009 to 2022. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the ROE model: 51.63%, Tobin-Q model: 39.33%. These robust models support the main finding that executive compensation is significantly and positively correlated with operating and market-based performance indicators. Results validate the agency hypothesis, indicating that executives are rewarded for bank performance indicators. Consequently, a one-unit increase in executive compensation leads to a rise of 22.8 cents in ROE and 29.51 cents in Tobin-Q. Additionally, bank size, age, leverage, and female executives positively impact bank performance indicators. A modification of BSIZE, BAGE, LEV, and FEMALE by one-unit results in a proportional adjustment of 26.1 cents, 16.6 cents, 2.07 cents, and 48.6 cents, respectively, in ROE. Additionally, a one-unit alteration in BSIZE, BAGE, LEV, and FEMALE corresponds to variations of 77.6 cents, 56.42 cents, 34.39 cents, and 48.8 cents, in Tobin-Q, all in the same direction.
Geophysical evidence for crustal thickness variations between the Denali and Tintina Fault Systems in west‐central Yukon

Analyses of receiver functions recorded at two broadband seismic stations in the northern Cordillera indicate that the crust is thinner beneath Dawson (∼ 35 km) than Whitehorse (∼ 39 km). A simple two-dimensional gravity model, constrained by the seismic results, shows that this change in crustal thickness occurs at about 63°N, in a zone approximately 35 km wide, where the Moho dips at ∼8° to the south. The Bouguer anomaly high associated with the thinner crust can be traced westward into east-central Alaska where crustal thinning and extension are well documented; therefore we propose that west-central Yukon (north of 63°N) has been extended also. On the basis of geological and other geophysical data we examine three likely time windows, in the Cretaceous, early Tertiary, and Present. We discuss data which indicate that early Tertiary and younger extension may be related to the transfer of motion from the Denali Fault System inboard to the Tintina Fault System. Earlier Cretaceous extension has been variously attributed to collision related back arc extension, syncollisional processes, or gravitational collapse of an overthickened crustal section. The relative importance of extension in these periods remains nebulus; however, the correspondence between the transition in crustal thickness determined in this study and a mapped boundary between “lower” plate and "upper" plate rocks suggests mid-Cretaceous extension exerted a significant influence on current Moho depths.
Late Precambrian Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona

The Chuar Group is exposed in tributary canyons to the Colorado River over an area some 15 mi (24 km) long and 4 mi (6 km) wide. The rocks are faulted against Paleozoic rocks by the Butte fault on the east, and unconformably overlain by Paleozoic rocks to the west. The group is 6,610 ft (2,013 m) thick and has been divided into three formations and seven members. The lower two formations, Galeros (below) and Kwagunt (above) are predominantly argillaceous with subordinate thin limestone beds, while the highest, Sixty Mile Formation, is mostly coarse breccia. Stromatolites are present at three horizons, one of them biohermal. The form-genera Inzeria , Baicalia , and Boxonia indicate an upper Riphean age. The mega-planktonic fossil Chuaria occurs near the top of the Kwagunt Formation. The Chuar rocks are probably younger than any other Precambrian rocks in Arizona. They may be contemporary with rocks below the Cambrian in eastern California, and with the Windermere Formation of the northern Cordillera.
Angstrom exponent and bimodal aerosol size distributions

[1] Power laws have long been used to describe the spectral dependence of aerosol extinction, and the wavelength exponent of the aerosol extinction law is commonly referred to as the Angstrom exponent. The Angstrom exponent is often used as a qualitative indicator of aerosol particle size, with values greater than 2 indicating small particles associated with combustion byproducts, and values less than 1 indicating large particles like sea salt and dust. In this study, we investigate the relationship between the Angstrom exponent and the mode parameters of bimodal aerosol size distributions using Mie theory calculations and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) retrievals. We find that Angstrom exponents based upon seven wavelengths (0.34, 0.38, 0.44, 0.5, 0.67, 0.87, and 1.02 μm) are sensitive to the volume fraction of aerosols with radii less then 0.6 μm but not to the fine mode effective radius. The Angstrom exponent is also known to vary with wavelength, which is commonly referred to as curvature; we show how the spectral curvature can provide additional information about aerosol size distributions for intermediate values of the Angstrom exponent. Curvature also has a significant effect on the conclusions that can be drawn about two-wavelength Angstrom exponents; long wavelengths (0.67, 0.87 μm) are sensitive to fine mode volume fraction of aerosols but not fine mode effective radius, while short wavelengths (0.38, 0.44 μm) are sensitive to the fine mode effective radius but not the fine mode volume fraction.
Comparative study of bilateral putamen for patients with severe Parkinson’s disease detected by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Background The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is challenging because the clinical symptoms overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases. The discovery of reliable biomarkers is highly expected to facilitate clinical diagnosis. Through the analysis of the 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in the putamen, the purpose of the study was to discuss the possibility of the difference in metabolite concentrations between the left and right putamen as biomarkers for patients with severe PD. Methods We collected 1H-MRS of unilateral or bilateral putamen from 41 patients and used the independent sample t-test and paired t-test to analyze 4 metabolite concentrations, including choline (Cho), total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), and combined glutamate and glutamine; Bonferroni correction was used to correct P values for multiple comparisons. We designed 4 controlled experiments as follows: (I) PD patients versus healthy controls (HCs) in the left putamen; (II) PD patients versus HCs in the right putamen; (III) the left putamen versus the right putamen for PD patients; and (IV) the left putamen versus the right putamen for HCs. Results No statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were detected among 4 metabolites in the ipsilateral and bilateral putamen for the PD and HCs groups, except for tCr in the left putamen (PD 6.426±0.557, HCs 6.026±0.460, P=0.046) for ipsilateral comparisons. Conclusions In the bilateral putamen of severe PD patients, there was no statistically significant difference in the 4 metabolites. The difference (P<0.05) in tCr in the left putamen might be a potential biomarker to distinguish HCs from severe patients in clinic. This might provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and acquisition strategy of 1H-MRS in severe PD.
Healthcare-associated infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria in Andalusia, Spain, 2014 to 2021

Background Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are among chief causes of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). In Spain, studies addressing multidrug resistance based on epidemiological surveillance systems are lacking. Aim In this observational study, cases of HAIs by MDR bacteria notified to the epidemiological surveillance system of Andalusia, Spain, between 2014−2021, were investigated. Notified cases and their spatiotemporal distribution were described, with a focus on social determinants of health (SDoH). Methods New cases during the study period of HAIs caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-/carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, MDR Acinectobacter baumannii, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa or meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were considered. Among others, notification variables included sex and age, while socio-economic variables comprised several SDoH. Cases’ spatial distribution across municipalities was assessed. The smooth standardised incidence ratio (sSIR) was obtained using a Bayesian spatial model. Association between municipalities’ sSIR level and SDoH was evaluated by bivariate analysis. Results In total, 6,389 cases with a median age of 68 years were notified; 61.4% were men (n = 3,921). The most frequent MDR bacteria were ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (2,812/6,389; 44.0%); the main agent was Klebsiella spp. (2,956/6,389; 46.3%). Between 2014 and 2021 case numbers appeared to increase. Overall, up to 15-fold differences in sSIR between municipalities were observed. In bivariate analysis, there appeared to be an association between municipalities’ sSIR level and deprivation (p = 0.003). Conclusion This study indicates that social factors should be considered when investigating HAIs by MDR bacteria. The case incidence heterogeneity between Andalusian municipalities might be explained by SDoH, but also possibly by under-notification. Automatising reporting may address the latter.
On the correlation of seismic microtremors

[1] We present results of the analysis of microtremor measurements using a small array. Our analysis is based on the computation of cross-correlation functions between stations in both frequency and time domains. We obtain similar results in both domains and link those results to the application of Aki's spatial autocorrelation method of using a single station pair and to recent studies that have shown that the Green's function between two stations can be retrieved from the temporal cross correlation of seismic noise. We show that the same simple subsoil structure allows interpretation of our correlation results in time and frequency. We observe both Love and Rayleigh waves; however, Love waves dominate the records in our lower-frequency range (between 3.6 and 6 Hz), while Rayleigh waves are prevalent in the records in our higher-frequency band (from 6 to 20 Hz). Frequency domain cross correlation yields better results in the lower-frequency range, while time domain cross correlation shows very clear results in the higher-frequency band. Thus both analyses are complementary. Our results show that ambient vibration recorded at the free surface includes different types of waves but that the correlation between any two stations is governed by the more stable propagation mode between them, surface waves in the case of a layered medium. Our results shed some light on the nature of microtremors and on the reasons why the spatial autocorrelation method or the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios are useful in geophysical and site response studies.
A statistical strategy for ambient seismic wavefield analysis: investigating correlations to a hydrocarbon reservoir

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A Ka-band direct radiating array providing multiple beams for a satellite multimedia mission

This paper deals with direct radiating array pattern simulations in Ka band (transmit Tx and receive Rx). The DRA is used to generate a multiple beam coverage from a geostationary satellite to provide broadband services to fixed or mobile users in a local Earth region. Particular emphasis is placed on the antenna optimization in order to reduce the number of radiating elements with respect to the requirement. We have selected a typical mission corresponding to a precise ITU filing.
Controllable Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Interlayer-Coupled Multilayer Graphene

The potential applications of multilayer graphene in many fields, such as superconductivity and thermal conductivity, continue to emerge. However, there are still many problems in the growth mechanism of multilayer graphene. In this paper, a simple control strategy for the preparation of interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene on a liquid Cu substrate was developed. By adjusting the flow rate of a carrier gas in the CVD system, the effect for finely controlling the carbon source supply was achieved. Therefore, the carbon could diffuse from the edge of the single-layer graphene to underneath the layer of graphene and then interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene with different shapes were prepared. Through a variety of characterization methods, it was determined that the stacked mode of interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene conformed to AB-stacking structure. The small multilayer graphene domains stacked under single-layer graphene was first found, and the growth process and growth mechanism of interlayer-coupled multilayer graphene with winged and umbrella shapes were studied, respectively. This study reveals the growth mechanism of multilayer graphene grown by using a carbon source through edge diffusion, paving the way for the controllable preparation of multilayer graphene on a liquid Cu surface.