Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
System optimization of thermal management performance of fuel cell system for automobile

Vehicle fuel cell systems release a large amount of heat while generating electricity. The suitable thermal management system must be built to ensure system performance and reliability. Based on the analysis of the working principle of the vehicle fuel cell thermal management system, the paper establishes a control-oriented fuel cell thermal management. The stack, air cooler, hydrogen heat exchanger, bypass valve, heat sink, and cooling water circulating pump model are taking into account. System model, and the relationship between stack current, coolant flow rate, fin surface wind speed, bypass valve opening, and fuel cell temperature are in established in simulation experiments. The paper discusses their effects on system as a whole, air coolers, hydrogen heat exchangers, and the influence of the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the radiator. The simulation results can provide guidance and help to design the fuel cell thermal management control system.
Seismic design criteria for LNG tanks

According to this review of the various factors considered in revising the seismic design criteria in the National Fire Protection Association's LNG standards (NFPA 59A), the new criteria reflect the state-of-the-art and represent a rational, straightforward approach that will provide the same level of safety for LNG tanks across the country without restricting the exercise of good judgment and the incorporation of new developments. When properly applied, the approach evaluates all factors that could be relevant to seismic design, then specifies the safe-shut-down and operating-basis earthquake levels (SSE and OBE); the use of two sets of specifications avoids the need for an LNG-tank safety system designed for extremely high earthquake levels while assuring a tank's structural integrity during the worst earthquake that could reasonably be expected to occur over the facility's operating life.
Discussion

I thoroughly enjoyed reading the article by Bhadra et. al. (2020) and convey my congratulations to the authors for providing a comprehensive and coherent review of horseshoe‐based regularization approaches for machine learning models. I am thankful to the editors for providing this opportunity to write a discussion on this useful article, which I expect will turn out to be a good guide in the future for statisticians and practitioners alike.
Live Fire Training: Lifeblood for the Light Infantryman

Abstract : While it appears that the role of the U.S. Army is changing from exclusively fighting and winning the nation's wars to becoming the force provider for numerous support and stability operations, the potential to become entangled in low intensity close combat has increased dramatically as global instability mounts. The senior leadership of the Army is moving to adopt revolutionary technological advances, which arguably cast doubt on whether future close combat is even necessary. Victory is presumed to be achieved by the massing of combined arms synergy from stand-off ranges. However, history is full of examples where the most technologically advanced combatant has lost to the combatant that is the best trained and that possesses the greatest level of cohesion, unity, and espirit de corps. All the advantages mentioned are the by-products of tough, realistic maneuver live-fire training at the unit level. The monograph examines the question whether the United States (U.S.) Army s light infantry maneuver live-fire training is sufficient to warrant a first fight victory. Live-fire training currently mandated by the Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is identified along with the amount of ammunition allocated to light infantry battalions for such training. Also discussed in depth are the by-products of maneuver live-fire training and the leadership training that should provide the Army with intuitive, confident leaders into 2010 and beyond. Finally, discussion will describe current trends at the Joint Readiness Training Center in both force-on-force and maneuver live-fires. The monograph concludes that currently mandated live-fire training and ammunition allocations are adequate for the U.S. Army s light infantry to be assured a first fight victory. However, recommendations are made on changing Army training methodology which at present
Nicht diagnostizierte internetbezogene Störungen im psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystem: Prävalenz und geschlechtsspezifische Besonderheiten

Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Internetbezogene Störungen (IBS) sind durch eine unkontrollierte Nutzung gekennzeichnet und gehen mit psychosozialen Beeinträchtigungen und einer erhöhten Rate anderer psychischer Erkrankungen einher. Ziel der Studie war die Identifikation nicht diagnostizierter IBS und die Bestimmung geschlechtsspezifischer Unterschiede in unterschiedlichen Einrichtungen des psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystems. Methodik In 19 Einrichtungen wurden 501 Patienten (65,3 % Frauen) rekrutiert. Ergebnisse 20,7 % der Männer und 15,9 % der Frauen wiesen eine komorbide IBS auf. Die IBS wurde bei 94,6 % der Frauen und 66,6 % der Männer von den Behandlern nicht erkannt. Sehr häufig traten bei IBS-Betroffenen auch affektive Störungen und stoffgebundene Suchterkrankungen auf. Frauen waren signifikant häufiger von Ess- und Persönlichkeitsstörungen betroffen, Männer signifikant häufiger von pathologischem Glücksspiel. Schlussfolgerung Im psychotherapeutischen Versorgungssystem bleibt ein großer Teil der IBS unentdeckt. Frauen mit IBS weisen als Einweisungsdiagnose andere Störungen auf und sind häufiger von schweren psychischen Störungen betroffen als Männer.
Neural correlates of the inverse base rate effect

The inverse base rate effect (IBRE) is a nonrational behavioral phenomenon in predictive learning. Canonically, participants learn that the AB stimulus compound leads to one outcome and that AC leads to another outcome, with AB being presented three times as often as AC. When subsequently presented with BC, the outcome associated with AC is preferentially selected, in opposition to the underlying base rates of the outcomes. The current leading explanation is based on error‐driven learning. A key component of this account is prediction error, a concept previously linked to a number of brain areas including the anterior cingulate, the striatum, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The present work is the first fMRI study to directly examine the IBRE. Activations were noted in brain areas linked to prediction error, including the caudate body, the anterior cingulate, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Analyzing the difference in activations for singular key stimuli (B and C), as well as frequency matched controls, supports the predictions made by the error‐driven learning account.
Using virtual reality for the training of the Metallographic Replica technique used to inspect power plants by TECNATOM SA

TECNATOM S.A. , an engineering services company which uses the metallographic replica technique in their maintenance procedures within industrial facilities and industrial power plants, is using Virtual Reality (VR) along with haptic feedback to test how these technologies could potentially improve safety and risks management and be a cost efficient way of training and planning of this technique. The paper presents how VR has been used to support this process as part of an EU funded project ManuVAR (http://www.manuvar.eu) and concludes with a discussion on some of the perceived benefits and future requirements of the technologies.
Road Traffic Injury deaths and Correlates in Babylon Province: A Cross- Sectional Study

Background: Road traffic accidents were a major health problem especially in low and middle income countries including Iraq, head injuries were found to be the most common fatal injuries during traffic accidents that causing deaths. Objectives: to identify the relationship of road traffic injury deaths with different associated factors and to measure the extent of this problem. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional study included a retrospective analysis of the forensic medicine data presented in the records of forensic medicine department for three years (2017-2019) the period needed to conduct this study started from 1st of February to the end of November,2019 . After the approval of the study protocol by the Babylon nursing college health ethical committee , a semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data according to the descriptive epidemiologic model (person , place, time). Results: The road traffic accidents death rate in Babylon province was unacceptably high, the mean deaths per month due to Road Traffic Injuries was 43,8 and the mean deaths per week was11victims and the crude death rate =27/100000 population; Males in their productive age group were outnumbered victims to this preventable high priority health problem. Urgent interventional plan of action including provision high quality nursing tertiary care should be started to address this growing problem using the available resources to promote the critical care skills among health care providers and to reduce medical errors.
Deformability of red blood cells affects their velocity in deterministic lateral displacement devices

Recent years have witnessed a strong increase of interest in mechanical particle separation in structured microfluidic devices. Particular examples are enrichment of rare cells in blood (e.g. cancer cells) or separation of complex mixtures of suspended particles. In many cases, particles are separated based on their size, for example white and red blood cells (RBCs). A less common idea is deformability-based sorting of particles of the same size – an approach relevant for malaria detection where the infected RBCs are usually more rigid than their healthy counterparts. We have recently shown that the trajectories of RBCs in deterministic lateral displacement devices strongly depend on their rigidity. In the present article, we investigate – via computer simulations based on the immersed-boundary, lattice-Boltzmann and finiteelement methods – the RBC velocity and show that it is significantly affected by the cells’ deformability.
An approach to determine the experimental transmitter-receiver geometry for the reception of leaky Lamb waves

Often, either the swept frequency technique or a combination of swept frequency and geometric analysis is used to produce the experimental Lamb wave dispersion data. This paper describes an approach for constructing dispersion curves in solid plates using fourier analysis of received leaky Lamb wave signals. The Lamb waves are produced by pulsed ultrasound generated using two broad band transducers positioned in a pitch-catch orientation. The relative distances among the plate and the two transducers are set to specific values as per geometric calculations based on beam diffraction. The transducer defocus is used in conjunction with geometric calculation to determine the phase velocity of the Lamb wave mode being monitored. Subsequent to appropriate positioning of the transducers, the plate wave signals are Fourier transformed to obtain a magnitude versus frequency spectrum. Peaks in the spectrum indicate the presence of a Lamb wave root. The feasibility of this method, tested by successfully constructing dispersion curves for a steel plate, is compared with the null zone monitoring method of generation of the dispersion curves. The geometric positioning method is further applied to a metal matrix composite sample wherein the sensitivity of various experimentally generated Lamb wave modes is assessed to detect manymore » types of preprogrammed defects in different layers of the composite plate. « less
Generating electricity from waves at a breakwater in a moderate wave climate

The purpose of this thesis was to develop a preliminary concept design of a wave energy converter. The type of device designed was limited by several starting points which stipulated, among other criteria, a robust structure which can be constructed within a breakwater and can generate electricity from a fairly mild (in the order of Hs=0.5-1.5m) and regularly occurring wave climate. Integration with a caisson breakwater was selected to ensure survivability. Three concepts using the theories of wave overtopping, wave run-up, and wave pressure were evaluated. A multi-criteria analysis was performed on the three concepts. Concepts were scored based on power output, functionality in wide range of conditions, ease of construction, and theory reliability. Theory reliability was scored based on the three aforementioned criteria. The concept analysis concluded the most promising device to further investigate was the concept based on the theory of wave pressure. This device excelled in (theoretical) output having the highest peak power and wider power curves. In the concept, wave pressure is exerted on an underwater opening. This opening leads water into a pipe with a gradual constriction. This constriction increases the pressure allowing the water to be brought to an optimal level above MWL. Through a turbine the water is returned to MWL. A model was built with three different opening ratios and three separate basins open to the wave flume at the bottom. A series of tests were performed of varying wave climates and crest freeboards. During the tests the head difference was measured between the internal basins and the water elevation at the rear of the model. The holes in the bottom of the basins allowed for constant flow of water out of the basins and a calculation of flow rate based on the hydraulic head was required. This allowed for the calculation of the theoretical power generated during the tests. Additionally, the input wave power was known so the device efficiency could be calculated for each test allowing for the identification of the optimal geometry and the generation of a full-scale efficiency curve. The device was evaluated at two design locations in Panama and Japan. The wave climate, tidal influence, system headloss, and sea level rise were calculated in order to discover the power generation at each location. Revenue associated with the generation of electricity was calculated to give an indication of the device’s cost effectiveness. It was found that sea level rise has a negligible impact on efficiency if sea level rise is appropriately accounted for. The impact is in the order of 1.5% over 50 years if the rise is assumed to be 80cm over 100 years. Including sea level rise, the device has been calculated to generate an average of 16,413 and 5,766 kWh/m/yr at Panama and Japan, respectively. The report concludes that the proposed design can be constructed using existing techniques for caisson construction. However, the design must be further optimised and tested in order to become a fully feasible wave energy converter.
Efficacy of Time-Area Fishing Restrictions and Gear-Switching as Solutions for Reducing Seabird Bycatch in Gillnet Fisheries

Abstract Despite the global scale of gillnet bycatch, universal measures that effectively reduce bycatch of seabirds in gillnets have not been found. Bycatch in coastal gillnet fisheries is an ongoing threat for several seabird species. Strategies to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnet fisheries were evaluated, focusing on the effectiveness of time-area fishing restrictions and gear-switching to meet seabird conservation objectives, ensure fisher acceptance, and avoid unintended consequences. A review of case studies showed that variations in the spatial and temporal distributions of target and non-target species may cause a mismatch between time-area regulations and high bycatch, but consideration of bycatch species behavior can help define effective fine-scale spatial and temporal measures. The potential for meeting conservation objectives through gear-switching is promising, with some further development needed for successful application. Combining measures (e.g., time-area fishing restrictions, gear-switching, visual and acoustic deterrents) may be feasible in some regions, if fine-scale spatial and temporal information about the overlap of seabirds and gillnet gear is available. A holistic approach to reduce seabird bycatch in gillnets, including understanding of seabird biology, habitat preference, and feeding ecology combined with information about fishing activity, target species, and socioeconomic impacts provides a framework to develop mitigation measures.
Technological Areas to Improve Soldier Decisiveness: Insights From the Soldier-System Design Perspective

Abstract : The Board on Army Science and Technology has commissioned a committee on Making the Soldier Decisive on Future Battlefields with the overarching goal of identifying areas where our dismounted Soldiers have the potential for overmatch capability, particularly when operating in small units, and the technologies that will aide in realizing an overmatch. To supplement this effort, this report discusses five high-potential areas of technology from the realm of the human dimension, considering the integrative nature between the Soldier and the systems with which they interact. We first discuss technologies that show promise within the realm of training, by helping to better prepare the individual Soldier for potentially volatile situations, followed by a description of technologies for predicting a user s intent via physiological assessment techniques. Then we discuss improved human-robot interactions gained through recent advances in control design, yielding increased throughput of the total unit. Next is a description of some examples where sense-heightening capability will provide superior quality information to the Soldier. Finally, we illustrate how a novel whole system design approach can improve the impact of new technologies when fielded and conclude with a discussion of how all of these topics amplify an ideal pairing between user and technology.
Assessing the Teaching/Learning Programs and the Professionalization of Higher Education in the University of Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon

Higher education (HE) plays an important role in the development of most nations. Developing nations have been working to uplift their standards since the last two decades by initiating a series of institutional reforms in Universities, as is the case in Cameroon with the 2007 Bachelor-MastersDoctorate (BMD) and the 2008 New University Governance Program on the professionalization of Higher Education in the country. The main driving force for change is increased demand for more professionalization of Higher Education programs to suit the exigencies of the job market, more accountability and responsiveness to the needs and expectations of internal and external stakeholders who affect or are affected by the existence and functioning of universities. As pointed out by (Burrows, 1999), universities are increasingly challenged to be more responsible and accountable in the utilization of resources, provision of quality education and adherence to practices of value for money.
Application of modified k-ω model to predicting cavitating flow in centrifugal pump

Abstract Considering the compressibility of the cavity in the cavitating flow, this paper presents a modified κ-ω model for predicting the cavitating flow in a centrifugal pump, in which the modified κ-ω model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model were combined with ANSYS CFX. To evaluate the modified and standard κ-ω models, numerical simulations were performed with these two models, respectively, and the calculation results were compared with the experimental data. Numerical simulations were executed with three different values of the flow coefficient, and the simulation results of the modified κ-ω model showed agreement with most of the experimental data. The cavitating flow in the centrifugal pump obtained by the modified κ-ω model at the design flow coefficient of 0.102, was analyzed. When the cavitation number decreases, the cavity initially generates on the suction side of the blade near the leading edge and then expands to the outlet of the impeller, and the decrease of the total pressure coefficient mainly occurs upstream of the impeller passage, while the downstream remains almost unaffected by the development of cavitation.
Emissions of aggregated micro-generators

The key question this thesis aims to address is to what extent can micro-generation sources contribute to the carbon emission reduction targets set by the UK government. The operational emissions of micro-CHP capable micro-generators were examined against the UK grid electricity and gas boiler heat. Fossil and biomass fuels were considered. The life-cycle emissions associated with the manufacturing, transport and disposal of micro-generators were calculated. Case studies were constructed, based on the literature. It was found that emissions associated with domestic electrical and thermal demand would be reduced significantly. A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) was defined for aggregating micro-generators, using micro-generation penetration projections for the year 2030 from the literature. An optimisation problem was described, where the goal was to minimise the VPP carbon emissions. The results show the amount of emissions that would potentially be reduced by managing an existing micro-generation portfolio in a VPP. An Environmental Virtual Power Plant (EVPP) was defined, for controlling micro-generator carbon emissions. A multi-agent system was designed. The principle of operation resembles an Emissions Trading Scheme. Emission allowances are traded by the micro-generators, in order to meet their emissions needs. Three EVPP control policies were identified. Fuzzy logic was utilised for the decision making processes. Simulations were performed to test the EVPP operation. The main benefit for the micro-generators is the ability to participate in markets from which they would normally be excluded due to their small size. The multi-agent system was verified experimentally using micro-generation sources installed in two laboratories, in Athens, Greece. Two days of experiments were performed. Results show that system emissions have been successfully controlled, since only small deviations between desired and actual emissions output were observed. It was found that Environmental Virtual Power Plant controllability increases significantly by increasing the number of participating micro-generators.
Health Seeking Behaviour of Afar Pastoral Community

Community level health seeking behavior needs investigation since community plays either protective or pathogenic role to health. This study, therefore, intended to examine the health seeking behavior of Afar using a community based cross-sectional survey design. The survey employed both quantitative and qualitative methods to collect relevant data. The findings revealed that a substantial number of participants have had misconceptions and/or erroneous knowledge about the causes and symptoms of illnesses. Besides, most of the participants preferred treatment service from modern health care institutions. Their choice is significantly associated with age and level of education. Moreover, various factors including cost, distance, attitude toward health, decision-making power on health, perceived satisfaction, social capital and socio-religious behaviour affect the utilization of available health care services. In general, the findings implied the presence of a positive health seeking behavior among Afar that can be further strengthened with interventions. The interventions should address the misconceptions about causes/symptoms of illnesses and promote appropriate hierarchy of resort to the utilization of available health care services.