Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Viscous timescale in high mass X-ray binaries

Context: Low mass X-ray binaries were found to have very low frequency breaks in their power density spectra below which the power density spectra are nearly in white noise structure and at higher frequencies they approximately follow the $P_\nu \propto \nu^{-1.3}$ law. Aims: In 2005, Gilfanov and Arefiev studied X-ray variability of persistent LMXBs in the $10^{-8}-10^{-1}$ Hz frequency range and To determine whether high mass X-ray binary power density spectra have similar properties and the findings for low mass X-ray binaries are also valid for high mass binaries, we analyzed the time series of high mass X-ray binary sources produced by All Sky Monitor of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. Method: We obtained the power density spectra of the high mass X-ray binaries using the cosine transform of autocorrelation function. Results: We identified break frequencies for seven sources, namely OAO 1657-415, SS 433, Vela X-1, SMC X-1, 4U 1700-377, GX 301-2, and LMC X-1. The normalized break frequencies with respect to the orbital frequency ($f_{break}/f_{orbit}$) for sources OAO 1657-415, SS 433, SMC X-1 and LMC X-1 are consistent with those of Roche lobe overflow systems. The other high mass X-ray binary systems, Vela X-1, GX 301-2, and 4U 1700-377, however, have larger break frequency ratios, $f_{break}/f_{orb} $, which are indicative of short viscous times. These are all wind-accreting sources and the stellar winds in the systems allow the formation of only short radius discs. Consequently, we qualitatively distinguished the Roche lobe overflow binaries from the wind accreting system by comparing their normalized break frequencies.
Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a widespread mental health problem and one of the prime causes of maternal suffering and ill health. On a global level, the prevalence of the disorder is about 10 to 15%. Symptoms generally appear within the first four to six weeks, which is the high-risk period. However, it may develop up to one year post-delivery. PPD presents with symptoms of classical depression, including mood fluctuations, bouts of crying, lack of interest in the child, and even thoughts of suicide. PPD not only has adverse effects on the mother’s health but also hampers the growth and development of the child. It hampers the formation of a healthy mother-child bond, which in turn may impact feeding practices. The social environment of the infant during the first few months is primarily provided by the mother, and PPD may thus impact the child’s development. It also increases the child’s susceptibility to malnutrition. Research on postpartum depression has garnered momentum within the last few years. However, the masses are still largely unaware of the disorder and its implications. There is also an inadequacy of awareness of the risk factors of PPD. The cross-cultural differences in manifestations and appropriate preventive measures have not been extensively studied. Some risk factors for PPD are similar to those for classic depression; however, obstetrical and pediatric factors are also involved. This literature review aims to assess the currently known risk factors for PPD, their strength of association, and probable mechanisms to help identify the high-risk group and enable the implementation of preventive measures or facilitate early diagnosis. The factors identified spanned sociodemographic, biological, psychological, and obstetric domains. These included socioeconomic standing, marital relationship, history of psychiatric illness, social support, gestational diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, immigration status, delivery method, violence and abuse, birth experience, and biological and epigenetic markers. The risk factors for postpartum depression are numerous and may have strong to weak associations with the development of PPD. A previous history of depression or psychiatric illness, depressive symptoms during pregnancy, gestational diabetes, and a lack of spousal and social support were the most powerful risk factors. Other significant factors include complications during pregnancy, low socioeconomic status, and stressful life events. Studies on maternal age and chronic illness as risk factors were inconclusive. The roles of genetic and epigenetic markers, cultural factors, and vitamin D insufficiency require further investigation.
The Impact of Feedback in Massive Star Formation. II. Lower Star Formation Efficiency at Lower Metallicity

We conduct a theoretical study of the formation of massive stars over a wide range of metallicities from 10−5 to and evaluate the star formation efficiencies (SFEs) from prestellar cloud cores taking into account multiple feedback processes. Unlike for simple spherical accretion, feedback processes in the case of disk accretion do not set upper limits on stellar masses. At solar metallicity, launching of magneto-centrifugally driven outflows is the dominant feedback process to set SFEs, while radiation pressure, which has been regarded as pivotal, makes only a minor contribution even in the formation of stars over . Photoevaporation becomes significant in the formation of stars over at low metallicities of , where dust absorption of ionizing photons is inefficient. We conclude that if initial prestellar core properties are similar, then massive stars are rarer in extremely metal-poor environments of 10−5– . Our results give new insight into the high-mass end of the initial mass function and its potential variation with galactic and cosmological environments.
Millimeter-Wave Array Antennas Using Broadband 3D Folded Strip Elements for B5G/6G Communications

Linearly polarized (LP) circularly polarized (CP) array antennas using broadband 3D folded strip elements which can easily realize diverse polarizations in millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) band are developed. The operating principles, analyses, and corresponding design processes of the proposed LP and CP 3D folded strip elements are provided. Both of these two different polarized elements are excited by slot coupling using a microstrip line laid on an ultrathin (i.e., 0.127 mm) substrate, contributing to the possibility of straightforward integration with mm-Wave front-end circuits. It indicates that the impedance bandwidths (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert S_{11}\vert < -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) of the LP and CP elements are 51% (27–45.5 GHz) and 54% (30–50 GHz), respectively. The axial ratio bandwidth of the CP element is 51.1%. Both of the LP and CP elements can be easily expended into a corporate-fed array, and design considerations concerning the array performance are also provided. Prototypes of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 LP, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 LP, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CP array antennas are designed, fab- ricated, and measured. Convincing experimental results validate the correctness of these designs. The exhibited performance metrics make the proposed array antennas good candidates for fifth-generation (5G)-beyond (B5G) and 6G mm-Wave communications.
Photometry and Preliminary Modeling of Type IIb Supernova 2017gpn

MASTER OT J033744.97+723159.0/SN 2017gpn was discovered in the error-box of LIGO/Virgo G299232 gravitational wave alert. The spectrum of SN 2017gpn is consistent with a Type IIb supernova. In this work we present the photometry of 20 epochs of observations performed with CCD-photometer on the Zeiss-1000 telescope. The light curves in B and Rc filters were obtained. The multicolour light curves were also modelled numerically using the one-dimensional radiation hydro-dynamical code STELLA.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Fumes and Powder Extracts of Tinospora cordifolia

Herbal medicines have a long therapeutic history and are still serving many of the health needs of a large population of the world. However, the quality control and quality assurance still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. T. cordifolia is commonly referred to as Amrita or Guduchi. All the parts of the plant are immensely useful due to the presence of different secondary metabolites. We aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative (carbohydrate and poly-phenolic compound) analysis of secondary metabolites present in extracts of Tinospora cordifolia powder and its herbal fume (generated from Yagya), followed by the study of its antimicrobial activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The present study's powder and fume cocktail (hexane, ethyl-ether and methanol) extracts (10 mg/ml) showed 30 mm and 21.67 mm Zone of inhibition against E.coli respectively indicating equivalent efficiency of herbal fumes. Similarly, fumes contained all secondary metabolites qualitatively to that of powder extract. In addition, carbohydrate and poly-phenolic compound present in the fume extracts (0.277 mg/g and 0.29mg/g), were equivalent or higher than powder extracts (0.131 mg/g and 0.26mg/g) indicating Tinospora cordifolia's fume holistic utility.
Introduction of the Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica Gm.) to Lake Baikal and Current Threats to the Population due to Climate Change: A Review. 1. Introduction of the Baikal Seal in the Lake Baikal: Family Ties, Time and Migration

In communication 1, an attempt was made to link the literature data available today on the phylogenetic position of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica Gm.) Among the true northern seals (Phocina), the place and time of the origin of its ancestors. Hypotheses about possible ways of penetration of the ancestral form into the lake are critically discussed. Baikal from different sea basins and at different geological times. It is concluded that there is no unequivocal answer to the question about the roots of the Baikal seal (and, therefore, about the ways and time of penetration of its ancestor into Baikal). The ancestral form of the Baikal seal could live in the seas of the Arctic Ocean (Ringed seal Pusa hispida), and in the reservoirs of Paratethys (Caspian seal Pusa caspica), and in the seas of the Far East (Pusa hispida/akiba or Phoca largha). The hypothesis about the relationship of the seal with the ringed seal (Pusa hispida Schreber) is supported and a conclusion is made about the greater probability of the migration of the seal ancestors to Lake Baikal from the Arctic Seas (not earlier than the Pleistocene) using periglacial lakes as intermediate refugia from the advancing ice. The ancestors of the Baikal seal must have had ready-made adaptation mechanisms to the ice conditions of their habitat, which it retained even when living in intermediate reservoirs along the migration routes. It is assumed that the initial number of animals that ended up in Baikal was small (several thousand individuals), and the further evolution of the species took place in an allopatric way. By the time the ancestors of the Baikal seal settled in Baikal, the lake was already a deep-water and cold-water vast reservoir, which it became not earlier than the Pleistocene. The invasion directly into Baikal could have occurred either through the Angara-Yenisei system (subject to an "early" scenario for the emergence of the modern drain), or through the system of the Lena River on glacial lakes in the Vitim River basin and along the Barguzin depression (along the river or bay).
A Review of Optimization Technologies for Large-Scale Wind Farm Planning With Practical and Prospective Concerns

Wind energy utilization is essential for realizing global energy transformation. To capture steady and powerful wind resources, wind turbines tend to be more remotely located with increasingly larger scales. This requires more sophisticated wind farm (WF) planning techniques to increase power production, reduce investment cost, and enhance power supply reliability, or pursue a balance among them. This article establishes a research framework for large-scale WF planning, with a technical review of the optimization methodologies involved, aiming to provide an updated, broader, and forward-looking vision for WF planners. Beyond the state-of-the-art summary of WF planning in the realm of wind turbines’ micro-siting and collector system design techniques, the related considerations on various practical factors are also well assessed including reliability, equipment rating, environment, and landscape. Further, viewing WF as an integrated system with scale expansion, the new research areas including WF joint-planning and redevelopment are explored and discussed to provide strong technical references for the foreseeable future.
Spectroscopic Parameters and atmosphEric ChemIstriEs of Stars (SPECIES)

Context. The detection and subsequent characterisation of exoplanets are intimately linked to the characteristics of their host star. Therefore, it is necessary to study the star in detail in order to understand the formation history and characteristics of their companion(s). Aims. Our aims are to develop a community tool that allows the automated calculation of stellar parameters for a large number of stars, using high resolution echelle spectra and minimal photometric magnitudes, and introduce the first catalogue of these measurements in this work. Methods. We measured the equivalent widths of several iron lines and used them to solve the radiative transfer equation assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium in order to obtain the atmospheric parameters (Teff, [Fe/H], logg, and ξt). We then used these values to derive the abundance of 11 chemical elements in the stellar photosphere (Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Zn). Rotation and macroturbulent velocity were obtained using temperature calibrators and synthetic line profiles to match the observed spectra of five absorption lines. Finally, by interpolating in a grid of MIST isochrones, we were able to derive the mass, radius, and age for each star using a Bayesian approach. Results. SPECIES obtains bulk parameters that are in good agreement with measured values from different existing catalogues, including when different methods are used to derive them. We find discrepancies in the chemical abundances for some elements with respect to other works, which could be produced by differences in Teff, or in the line list or the atomic line data used to derive them. We also obtained analytic relations to describe the correlations between different parameters, and we implemented new methods to better handle these correlations, which provides a better description of the uncertainties associated with the measurements.
PLANETS AROUND LOW-MASS STARS. III. A YOUNG DUSTY L DWARF COMPANION AT THE DEUTERIUM-BURNING LIMIT,

We report the discovery of an L-type companion to the young M3.5V star 2MASS J01225093–2439505 at a projected separation of 1. ″45 (≈52 AU) as part of our adaptive optics imaging search for extrasolar giant planets around young low-mass stars. 2MASS 0122–2439 B has very red near-infrared colors similar to the HR 8799 planets and the reddest known young/dusty L dwarfs in the field. Moderate-resolution (R ≈ 3800) 1.5–2.4 μm spectroscopy reveals a near-infrared spectral type of L4–L6 and an angular H-band shape, confirming its cool temperature and young age. The kinematics of 2MASS 0122–2439 AB are marginally consistent with members of the ∼120 Myr AB Dor young moving group based on the photometric distance to the primary (36 ± 4 pc) and our radial velocity measurement of 2MASS 0122–2439 A from Keck/HIRES. We adopt the AB Dor group age for the system, but the high energy emission, lack of Li i λ6707 absorption, and spectral shape of 2MASS 0122–2439 B suggest a range of ∼10–120 Myr is possible. The age and luminosity of 2MASS 0122–2439 B fall in a strip where “hot-start” evolutionary model mass tracks overlap as a result of deuterium burning. Several known substellar companions also fall in this region (2MASS J0103–5515 ABb, AB Pic b, κ And b, G196-3 B, SDSS 2249+0044 B, LP 261-75 B, HD 203030 B, and HN Peg B), but their dual-valued mass predictions have largely been unrecognized. The implied mass of 2MASS 0122–2439 B is ≈12–13 MJup or ≈22–27 MJup if it is an AB Dor member, or possibly as low as 11 MJup if the wider age range is adopted. Evolutionary models predict an effective temperature for 2MASS 0122–2439 B that corresponds to spectral types near the L/T transition (≈1300–1500 K) for field objects. However, we find a mid-L near-infrared spectral type, indicating that 2MASS 0122–2439 B represents another case of photospheric dust being retained to cooler temperatures at low surface gravities, as seen in the spectra of young (8–30 Myr) planetary companions. Altogether, the low mass, low temperature, and red colors of 2MASS 0122–2439 B make it a bridge between warm planets like β Pic b and cool, very dusty ones like HR 8799 bcde.
Practical quantum metrology in noisy environments

The problem of estimating an unknown phase ϕ using two-level probes in the presence of unital phase-covariant noise and using finite resources is investigated. We introduce a simple model in which the phase-imprinting operation on the probes is realized by a unitary transformation with a randomly sampled generator. We determine the optimal phase sensitivity in a sequential estimation protocol and derive a general (tight-fitting) lower bound. The sensitivity grows quadratically with the number of applications N of the phase-imprinting operation, then attains a maximum at some Nopt, and eventually decays to zero. We provide an estimate of Nopt in terms of accessible geometric properties of the noise and illustrate its usefulness as a guideline for optimizing the estimation protocol. The use of passive ancillas and of entangled probes in parallel to improve the phase sensitivity is also considered . We find that multiprobe entanglement may offer no practical advantage over single-probe coherence if the interrogation at the output is restricted to measuring local observables.
The optical depth including Lorentz invariance violation energy threshold shifts

Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) introduced as a generic modification to particle dispersion relations can change the photon energy threshold of pair-production, which modifies the expected gamma-ray flux from astrophysical sources. In this work, we review this phenomenon and explore its consequences through the derived effects in the optical depth. Then, by looking for subluminal LIV signatures in TeV gamma-ray spectra, we present stringent limits to the LIV energy scale at leading order n=1 and 2. And finally, we present the predicted flux of GZK-photons including LIV, in the astrophysical scenario which best describes UHECR data.
A Search for X-ray Counterparts of Radio Pulsars

We describe a systematic search for X-ray counterparts of radio pulsars. The search was accomplished by cross-correlating the radio timing positions of all radio pulsars from the ATNF pulsar database (version 1.54) with archival XMM-Newton and Chandra observations publicly released by July 1st 2016. In total, 178 of the archival XMM-Newton observations and 213 of the archival Chandra datasets where found to have a radio pulsar serendipitously in the field of view. From the 288 radio pulsars covered by these datasets we identified 20 previously undetected X-ray counterparts. For 6 of them the statistics was sufficient to model the energy spectrum with one- or two-component models. For the remaining new detections and for those pulsars for which we determined an upper limit to their counting rate we computed the energy flux by assuming a Crab-like spectrum. Additionally, we derived upper limits on the neutron stars' surface temperature and on the non-thermal X-ray efficiency for those pulsars for which the spin-down energy was known. The temperature upper limits where compared with predictions from various neutron star cooling models and where found to be in agreement with the minimal cooling paradigm
Establishing communities of practice to improve health policy, systems and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health in West Africa

Summary Objectives To explore and analyse factors that facilitate and inhibit the initiation and functioning of a national and transnational Community of Practice (CoP) for health policy and systems (HPS) and Reproductive, Maternal, New-born, Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCAH) in West Africa and to identify lessons for CoP interventions in similar multilingual low and middle-income contexts. Design A case study, with the case defined as processes, enablers and barriers to the initiation and functioning of a national and transnational CoP for HSP and RMNCAH in West Africa and drawing on a review and analysis of secondary data from the program, workshop, country team and project reports, and training sessions. Setting The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Participants Professionals from two Anglophone (Ghana and Sierra Leone) and four Francophone (Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger e Senegal) ECOWAS countries. Interventions Training and mentoring of multi-disciplinary country teams supported by small research grants to undertake formative evaluation and advocacy of priority HPS and RMNCAH issues; support for CoP development within and across country teams. Results The desire to learn from peers and mentors was a major enabler of the process. Human and financial resource availability, competing demands for time, communication in the context of a Francophone-Anglophone official language divide and the arrival of COVID-19 were all constraints. Conclusions This study highlights the processes, achievements, and challenges of establishing country-level and transnational CoPs in West Africa. CoPs require sustained human and financial resource investments, communication and medium-to-long-term implementation support for sustainability and impact. Funding None declared
Gonadal Sex Differentiation and Ovarian Organogenesis along the Cortical–Medullary Axis in Mammals

In most mammals, the sex of the gonads is based on the fate of the supporting cell lineages, which arises from the proliferation of coelomic epithelium (CE) that surfaces on the bipotential genital ridge in both XY and XX embryos. Recent genetic studies and single-cell transcriptome analyses in mice have revealed the cellular and molecular events in the two-wave proliferation of the CE that produce the supporting cells. This proliferation contributes to the formation of the primary sex cords in the medullary region of both the testis and the ovary at the early phase of gonadal sex differentiation, as well as to that of the secondary sex cords in the cortical region of the ovary at the perinatal stage. To support gametogenesis, the testis forms seminiferous tubules in the medullary region, whereas the ovary forms follicles mainly in the cortical region. The medullary region in the ovary exhibits morphological and functional diversity among mammalian species that ranges from ovary-like to testis-like characteristics. This review focuses on the mechanism of gonadal sex differentiation along the cortical-medullary axis and compares the features of the cortical and medullary regions of the ovary in mammalian species.
Geometry, robustness, and emerging unitarity in dissipation-projected dynamics

Quantum information can be encoded in the set of steady-states (SSS) of a driven-dissipative system. Non steady-states are separated by a large dissipative gap that adiabatically decouples them way while the dynamics inside the SSS is governed by an effective, dissipation-projected, Hamiltonian. The latter results from a highly non-trivial interplay between a weak driving with the fast relaxation process that continuously projects the system back to the SSS. This amounts to a novel type of environment-induced quantum Zeno effect. We prove that the dissipation-projected dynamics is of geometric nature and that it is robust against different types of hamiltonian and dissipative perturbations. Remarkably, in some cases an effective unitary dynamics can emerge out of purely dissipative interactions.