Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of an Olympic Distance Triathlon on Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity and its Recovery 24 Hours Later

Abstract The Olympic distance triathlon includes maximal exercise bouts with transitions between the activities. This study investigated the effect of an Olympic distance triathlon (1.5-km swim, 40-km bike, 10-km run) on pulmonary diffusion capacity (DLCO). In nine male triathletes (age: 24 ± 4.7 years), we measured DLCO and calculated the DLCO to alveolar volume ratio (DLCO/VA) and performed spirometry testing before a triathlon (pre-T), 2 hours after the race (post-T), and the day following the race (post-T-24 h). DLCO was measured using the 9-s breath-holding method. We found that (1) DLCO decreased significantly between pre- and post-T values (38.52 ± 5.44 vs. 35.92 ± 6.63 ml∙min-1∙mmHg-1) (p < 0.01) and returned to baseline at post-T-24 h (38.52 ± 5.44 vs. 37.24 ± 6.76 ml∙min-1∙mmHg-1, p > 0.05); (2) DLCO/VA was similar at the pre-, post- and post-T-24 h DLCO comparisons; and (3) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of vital capacity (FEF25-75%) significantly decreased between pre- and post-T and between pre- and post-T-24-h (p < 0.02). In conclusion, a significant reduction in DLCO and DLCO/VA 2 hours after the triathlon suggests the presence of pulmonary interstitial oedema. Both values returned to baseline 24 hours after the race, which reflects possible mild and transient pulmonary oedema with minimal physiological significance.
Uncommon Bone Injuries in Soccer Players

Abstract Soccer is the most common team sport in the world. A significant number of players are associated with a large number of injuries. Injuries occur in a variety of contexts regardless of the age or performance level of players. The vast majority of injuries involve soft tissues. Bone injuries are less common, but usually result in long-term exclusion from the game. Three different types of fractures related to soccer are classified as acute types, stress fractures and avulsion. This manuscript outlines the diagnostic procedures and treatments for stress fractures, avulsion fractures and bone cyst. The common feature of the described injuries includes frequent difficulties associated with the correct diagnosis and treatment direction. In therapeutic treatment, the doctor and the patient often have to choose between conservative treatment and surgical treatment, which in many cases is not simple. We suggest that in the event of injuries to soccer players, surgical treatment should be used, shortening the time to return to full sports activity. A very important element of the therapeutic process is proper rehabilitation, which should be individually tailored to the patient in order to optimize the treatment process. Some of the rehabilitation protocols should be permanently incorporated into the warm-up protocols for training. Such a procedure has a preventive effect.
How Can and Would People Protect From Online Tracking?

Abstract Online tracking is complex and users find it challenging to protect themselves from it. While the academic community has extensively studied systems and users for tracking practices, the link between the data protection regulations, websites’ practices of presenting privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs), and how users learn about PETs and practice them is not clear. This paper takes a multidimensional approach to find such a link. We conduct a study to evaluate the 100 top EU websites, where we find that information about PETs is provided far beyond the cookie notice. We also find that opting-out from privacy settings is not as easy as opting-in and becomes even more difficult (if not impossible) when the user decides to opt-out of previously accepted privacy settings. In addition, we conduct an online survey with 614 participants across three countries (UK, France, Germany) to gain a broad understanding of users’ tracking protection practices. We find that users mostly learn about PETs for tracking protection via their own research or with the help of family and friends. We find a disparity between what websites offer as tracking protection and the ways individuals report to do so. Observing such a disparity sheds light on why current policies and practices are ineffective in supporting the use of PETs by users.
User Perceptions of Gmail’s Confidential Mode

Abstract Gmail’s confidential mode enables a user to send confidential emails and control access to their content through setting an expiration time and passcode, pre-expiry access revocation, and prevention of email forwarding, downloading, and printing. This paper aims to understand user perceptions and motivations for using Gmail’s confidential mode (GCM). Our structured interviews with 19 Gmail users at UNC Charlotte show that users utilize this mode to share their private documents with recipients and perceive that this mode encrypts their emails and attachments. The most commonly used feature of this mode is the default time expiration of one week, and the least used feature is the pre-expiry access revocation. Our analysis suggests several design improvements.
Variety recognition of rice seeds using image analysis and artificial neural network

The objective of this research is to develop algorithms to classify varieties of rice seeds based on external features. The rice seeds used for this study involved five varieties of Jinyou402, Shanyou10, Zhongyou207, Jiayou and IIyou3207. Images of rice seeds were acquired with a color machine vision system. Each image was processed to extract twenty-two quantitative features. The classification ability of all the features was evaluated for different varieties recognition. The shape difference between Jinyou402 and Shanyou10 is obvious. The classification of Jinyou402 and Shanyou10 achieved an accuracy of 100% when a single feature such as the length-width ratio was used. Jinyou402 and IIyou couldn't be classified very well using one or two features. Then a perceptron was created and achieved an accuracy of 100% for both of Jinyou402 and IIyou. The shape difference between Jinyou402 and Zhongyou207 is obscure with naked eyes. All features were analyzed with principal components analysis method. A two-layer back propagation network was created and trained using gradient descent with momentum and adaptive learning rate. Nr. of hidden nodes was tested and early stopping skill was used. The total error of the finally established net is 2% for the classification of Jinyou402 and Zhongyou207. At last, all the images of five varieties were recognized as five classes. Another feed-forward network was created and trained using conjugate gradient back-propagation with Polak-Ribiere updates. Samples were disordered to train the network. The network achieved an average accuracy of about 85% for the five varieties.
Design and construction of high temperature thermoelectric power generator module characterisation system

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS . 6 LIST OF TABLES . 10 LIST OF FIGURES . 10 LIST OF TECHNICAL DRAWINGS . 16 LIST OF ABREVIATIONS . 17
Knowledge-Based Translation of Natural Language into Symbolic Form

We consider the scenario of machines that receive human advice in natural language to revise their object-level knowledge for a domain of interest. Although techniques exist to translate such natural language advice into a symbolic form that is appropriate for machine reasoning, the translation process itself is typically pre-programmed and, thus, it is not amenable to dynamic and gradual improvement, nor can it be adjusted to the linguistic partic-ularities of the advice giver. We seek to examine whether these limitations can be overcome through the use of a knowledge-based translation process. In this position paper we take a ﬁrst step in this investigation by demonstrating how such meta-level translation knowledge can be engineered to support the interpretation of object-level advice. While, ad-mittedly, our engineering of the meta-level knowledge amounts to pre-programming, it nonetheless pushes towards the automated acquisition of this meta-level knowledge through advice-taking by demonstrating a key prerequisite: that it can be expressed, and reasoned with, under the same syntax and semantics as the object-level knowledge.
Highly improved cloning efficiency for plasmid-based CRISPR knock-in in C. elegans

Plasmid-based CRISPR knock-in is a streamlined, scalable, and versatile approach for generating fluorescent protein tags in C. elegans (Dickinson et al. 2015; Schwartz and Jorgensen 2016). However, compared to more recent protocols that utilize commercially available Cas9/RNP products and linear DNA repair templates (Dokshin et al. 2018; Ghanta and Mello 2020), the cloning required for plasmid-based protocols has been cited as a drawback of this knock-in approach. Using thorough quantitative assessment, we have found that cloning efficiency can reproducibly reach 90% for the plasmids of the self-excising cassette (SEC) selection method, essentially resolving cloning as a burden for plasmid-based CRISPR knock-in.
Main Carotenoids Produced by Microorganisms

Carotenoids are the pigments present in plants, animals, and microorganisms which are responsible for a broad variety of colors found in nature. Their capacity as antioxidants mainly established their marketable success as health, food, and feed supplements, and cosmetics components. Currently, chemical synthesis dominates the worldwide market; however, due to the high biological value of natural carotenoids, the production scheme is moving towards microbial production as a profitable alternative.
Adversarial domain translation networks for fast and accurate integration of large-scale atlas-level single-cell datasets

The rapid emergence of large-scale atlas-level single-cell RNA-seq datasets presents remarkable opportunities for broad and deep biological investigations through integrative analyses. However, harmonizing such datasets requires integration approaches to be not only computationally scalable, but also capable of preserving a wide range of fine-grained cell populations. We created Portal, a unified framework of adversarial domain translation to learn harmonized representations of datasets. With innovation in model and algorithm designs, Portal achieves superior performance in preserving biological variation during integration, while achieving integration of millions of cells in minutes with low memory consumption. We show that Portal is widely applicable to integrating datasets across samples, platforms and data types (including scRNA-seq, snRNA-seq and scATAC-seq). Finally, we demonstrate the power of Portal by applying it to the integration of cross-species datasets with limited shared information among them, elucidating biological insights into the similarities and divergences in the spermatogenesis process among mouse, macaque and human.
Competing claims in land-use policy: property development and mineral aggregates industries

This paper offers an empirically grounded understanding of the historical processes by which economic and institutional actors, particularly industry networks operating over time, influenced regional-scale land use policies at critical junctures involving land conflicts. The research addresses understudied discourses, practices and relationships associated with changes in land use policy. The paper draws on theories of land conflicts and industry networks to examine multi-actor contestations over land use and growth. It highlights the role of industry networks of the property development and aggregate industries in influencing provincial land use policies. Using a multi-method approach, we examine a case of Ontario provincial government brokerage of conflicting proposals for the development of regional-scale lands on Toronto’s urban periphery. A key finding is that fundamental differences in the organization and bargaining power of the two industries translate into differential effectiveness in multi-stakeholder negotiations.
The Red-Line of Workload: Theory, Research, and Design

Multi-tasking is now ubiquitous component of our lives; despite the fact that we all can cite an incident where multi-tasking put us in a difficult situation. The reason so many of us do multi-task is that most of the time we are capable of effective dual task performance. Hart and Wickens (2008) have defined the point where one traverses safe and effective multi-tasking to dangerous and ineffective multi-tasking as the “red-line” of workload. In this panel, we will discuss this “red-line” of workload from the theoretical, empirical, and practical viewpoints. To that end, we first examine what theories of attention can help guide empiric search for this red line and where these theories must be expanded with further research. The greatest need is research that will allow human factors practitioners to identify the red line of workload before a system has been developed. One approach to achieving this research is to leverage the approach of industrial ergonomics, which has successfully defined physical workload limits by using data from safety incidents. Another avenue of research to be discussed is that which will lead to refinement of our theories and understanding of cognitive function to improve our ability to predict the red line. Next we move to the problem of evaluating systems to ensure that the red line of workload is not crossed. In particular, we will discuss the possibility of using task analysis, specifically, CPM-GOMS to predict if a system design will lead to excessive workload. Finally, we present two system design strategies for maintaining a cognitive workload that is below the red-line. The first of these is an adaptive automation using eye-tracking to reduce screen clutter when it appears workload has become so high an error may occur. The second design strategy presents four research based design principles for reducing workload to acceptable levels.
Development of biodegradable PLGA microspheres for use as ultrasound contrast agents

The authors have developed a method for producing hollow/porous poly (lactide co-glycolide) (PLGA) microcapsules with a mean size of 1 /spl mu/m by a modified double emulsion, solvent evaporation technique. Besides being biocompatible and biodegradable, these microspheres exhibit acoustic enhancements that make them useful as contrast agents for diagnostic imaging using ultrasound. Moreover, they are very stable and give a prolonged acoustic enhancement, as compared to other ultrasound contrast agents.
Survey of Dynamic Resource Constrained Reward Collection Problems: Unified Model and Analysis

Dynamic resource allocation problems arise under a variety of settings. In “Survey of Dynamic Resource-Constrained Reward Collection Problems: Unified Model and Analysis,” Balseiro, Besbes, and Pizarro introduce a unifying model for a large class of dynamic optimization problems dubbed dynamic resource-constrained reward collection (DRC2) problems. Surveying the literature, they show that this class encompasses a variety of disparate and classical problems typically studied separately, such as dynamic pricing with capacity constraints, dynamic bidding with budgets, network revenue management, online matching, or order fulfillment. Furthermore, they establish that the DRC2 class is amenable to analysis by characterizing the performance of a central, certainty-equivalent heuristic. Notably, they provide a novel unifying analysis that isolates the drivers of performance, recovers as corollaries some existing specialized results, generalizes other existing results by weakening the assumptions required, and yields new results in specialized settings for which no such characterization was available.
Hypervalent iodine reagents as activators in glycosylation reactions

Glycoconjugates are present in various bioactive natural products and medicianlly important compounds; therefore, the development of novel and efficient glycosylation reactions is an important objective in organic synthesis. Thioglycosides are glycosyl donors that can act as protected glycosides at the anomeric position and can be selectively activated by the appropriate reagents under mild conditions. Although numerous methods employing oxidizing agents as an activator of the thioglycoside are currently available, more versatile approaches are still required to attain higher chemical yield and anomer selectivities. We have found that trivalent hypervalent iodine reagents, such as phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA) and phenyliodine bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA), display a much greater reactivity than heavy metal oxidizers or monovalent iodonium species to activate the thioglycosides. We now report novel O-and N-glycosylation reactions of the thioglycosides, activated by a combination of the hypervalent iodine reagent and Lewis acid
Has the Indoor and Built Environment Started Changing Modern Health?

Accessible online at: www.karger. com/journals/ibe It is well established that people today are spending more time indoors than ever before [1] with some spending more than 80% of their lifetime indoors [2]. If this is combined with what is referred to as the built environment, then many of us may be living nearly 100% of our time in city and suburban areas. The indoor and built environment has become the most important part of our physical surroundings. This has lead to dramatic differences in exposure between indoor and outdoor air toxicants involving types of contaminants, concentration of pollutants, and their sources [2–4]. Although a key factor, pollutant exposure constitutes only one characteristic of the modern indoor environment. Other emerging factors that are just as important [5, 6] include life-style changes from inactivity and modern non-physical indoor activities such as watching television. With current trends of increased obesity, diabetes, asthma and other chronic diseases associated with westernised society, it would appear that a blending of these health concerns with pollutant exposure and the physical environment is occurring. These life-style type diseases appear, in part, to be a result of different working environments, together with changes in habits, activities and way of living. The interactions between changes of life-style, pollutant exposure combinations associated with the indoor and built environment and the physical characteristics of living environments have not been readily addressed as a combination, if even currently recognised. Consideration of these three scenarios or characteristics makes it likely they will be acting in some combinatorial manner which may be synergistic and result in the generation of future effects. Inactivity and sedentary life-styles lead to obesity which with exposure to indoor toxicants such as formaldehyde and other elements of the physical environment will surely have some effect. However, the possibility of such associations may have only recently been recognised. Historically, exposure to toxicants was evaluated in combination only with the physical environment (e.g. building structure and its mechanics) [3, 7]. Today, the need exists for more detailed examination of the environment with inclusion of these modern disease events associated with changes in life-style. Many researchers have examined living in the built environment in association with exposure to toxicants, but have not readily included life-style or associated resultant outcomes which, for example, might include type II diabetes [7–9]. Extending this argument: it could be that those with type II diabetes are spending more time indoors than outdoors resulting in modification, most likely an exacerbation, of the diabetic condition. How any such interrelationship between diabetes and exposure related to additional time spent indoors can be correlated or, indeed, related to future disease outcome is at present unknown. We have to accept that little is known about the
A Review on Applications of Smart Class and E-Learning

This paper is about the much growing technology "SMART CLASS and E-LEARNING". The usage of smart teaching techniques is now more prevalent in school as well as other colleges and institutes. It was generated back in 1980s and is growing since then. This new technology helps the students with the benefit of learning with a different experience. The methods of e-learning make the classroom more interactive and interesting. It has also created a greater impact on our society as well as on education system. The government has also started implementing this idea of e-learning in the schools. There are several examples available in the market that encourage the idea and work for its betterment. The smart classes have their own merits and demerits but this new technology s welcomed by the society in a great manner.
Impact behaviour of a multi-body system with energy dissipation

When a multi-body system is subjected to impact, its crashworthiness performance depends not only on the energy absorption characteristic but also on the mass distribution of the multi-bodies. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations have been carried out into the impact response of a simple multi-body system. The system consisted of two rigid movable masses and a series of several aluminium rings placed in between. The experiments were performed by making use of a conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system, but with short bars, and finite element software ABAQUS was used to simulate the collision system. Strain histories at the bars were tracked by dynamic semi-conduct gauges and deformation processes of the rings were recorded using a high-speed camera. Strain values at the characteristic points of the rings were also obtained from the FE simulation and then compared with the experiment. Contact force at the interface between the transmitter bar and ring system was obtained by a deconvolution method. Major factors which influence the energy dissipation of the collision system are discussed. A simplified analytical model was proposed to predict energy absorption and global deformation of the rings, and the response of the rigid bodies. The analytical results broadly agree well with those from the experiments and numerical simulations. This study highlights the significance of arrangement details of a multi-body system as well as its energy absorption characteristics, which will be important in designing systems with energy absorption.
A nonlinear approach to vehicle guidance

We present a nonlinear dynamic approach to lateral and longitudinal intelligent vehicle guidance on German "autobahnen". The methodology resembles the dynamic neural field architecture where information is coded in the location of activation within dynamic fields. The time course of the control parameters is obtained by tracking the attractors in the output field. We assume the sensors are able to measure the distance and the time-to-collision of objects in front and behind of the controlled car on both lanes, and so radar and/or vision based sensors can be applied. This setting implies a high dimensional input space. The system is designed to make reliable decisions depending on the detected objects and the nominal velocity in the presence of disturbed sensory information. The control process results in typical driving behavior like lane keeping, overtaking, and collision avoidance.