Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mechanism: Insights from the Caenorhabditis elegans Models

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Despite extensive research in various model animals, the cellular signal mechanisms of ALS remain elusive, impeding the development of efficacious treatments. Among these models, a well-characterized and diminutive organism, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), has emerged as a potent tool for investigating the molecular and cellular dimensions of ALS pathogenesis. This review summarizes the contributions of C. elegans models to our comprehension of ALS, emphasizing pivotal findings pertaining to genetics, protein aggregation, cellular pathways, and potential therapeutic strategies. We analyze both the merits and constraints of the C. elegans system in the realm of ALS research and point towards future investigations that could bridge the chasm between C. elegans foundational discoveries and clinical applications.
HP Volume to honor Keith Beven

This volume of HP honors the career of Keith Beven. Keith is the world's most cited hydrologist with unparalleled sustained contributions perhaps matched only by Robert Horton. Many of us in catchment hydrology instruct new graduate students and post docs to prepare for a research career in catchment hydrology by reading Keith's papers. Like Horton, Keith Beven's research has been pathbreaking and led the way for a generation of other catchment hydrologists to follow. Keith is known for many areas of study, but a few stand out as distinctive. What is striking in viewing these is Keith's ability to toggle back and forth between field work and modeling and laboratory study and fundamental theory development.
The Effect of Nitrate Supplementation on Sportive Performance

Beetroot juice is typically used as a source of dietary nitrate supplementation, which has been hailed as a potential new ergogenic aid for athletic and exercise performance. A 0.6% performance boost is now deemed adequate to make a difference due to the rise in competitive equality in top-level sport especially. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of nitrate supplementation on sports performance and to reveal the mechanisms of action. For that, information from the publications evaluated throughout the scope of SCI, SCI-Expanded, and ESCI were collected by scanning the literature in the SportDiscus, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases over a 10-year period. According to literature, it has been stated that nitrate supplementation provides vasodilation, triggers mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose uptake, and calcium transport from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Nitrate supplementation has been demonstrated to have physiological effects that may be advantageous for improving exercise performance, at least in recreationally active or sub-elite athletes.
A biological perspective for the fishery management of a small urban lake in Indonesia: a case study on the reproductive stage of the red devil (Amphilopus citrinellus) in Situ Cilodong, West Java, Indonesia

The presence and establishment of invasive alien fish species is one of the biggest threats to aquatic biodiversity. The red devil, Amphilopus citrinellus, is one of the emerging invasive species and its occurrence is massively detected in common water bodies in tropical areas such as Indonesia. However, the topic remains under-reported from the small urban lakes. This study aims to present the reproductive characteristics of the fish in Situ Cilodong, a small urban lake in the country, that can be used as a principal reference for population control. The sampling was conducted in June 2021 and May 2022 using a mix of seven mesh-sized gillnets. The results of the length-weight relationship reveal that both the female and male fish perform isometric growth type. The calculated Gonad Somatic Index (GSI) and the histological analysis confirmed that the fish is a multi-spawner species. The results imply that sustainable population control efforts must include intensive catch and engage a participatory approach between the legal authority and the local fishers.
Moving towards an Understanding of the Role of the Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus in Language Processing

Evidence has been provided for a clear structural distinction between the dorsal and ventral portions of the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF). As such, there is reason to propose that there might also be a functional differentiation of the dorsal and ventral components of the IFOF. Here, we explored three main hypotheses/schools of thought with regards to the functional frameworks of the dorsal and ventral components of the IFOF: (1) the phonological vs. semantic processing hypothesis, (2) the difficult vs. non-difficult task processing hypothesis and (3) the automatic vs. non-automatic processing hypothesis. Methods: Participants (N = 32) completed a series of behavioral tasks that aligned with each of the main hypotheses. Using a regression-based approach, we assessed the unique contribution of behavioral performance to dorsal and ventral IFOF white matter indicators (i.e., fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity). Results: We found significant relationships between ventral IFOF indices and orthographic awareness (p = 0.018) and accuracy (p = 0.009). Overall, our results provide converging evidence that the IFOF primarily operates as a ventral language tract in adults. Thus, the structural distinction between dorsal and ventral IFOF does not manifest as a parallel functional distinction.
Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Human Breast Milk and Their Health Effects

Breast milk, the primary source of nutrition for infants, contains the ideal combination of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, and provides immunological and other health benefits that protect against infections. Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic organic compounds that accumulate in adipose tissue after being assimilated by the mother from the environment. Infants can be exposed to POP through breast milk, making breastfeeding a significant source of exposure. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous POPs that are contaminated in breast milk, the analytical techniques used to detect them in breast milk, and the potential health impacts of these pollutants on mothers through bioaccumulation and on infants through breastfeeding. Peer-reviewed articles published between 1989 and 2023 that covered several key features, including methodologies, health consequences, and other significant factors, were abstracted to assess the major results and research gaps. The majority of research investigated the relationship between POP concentrations in breast milk and socio-demographic variables. The studies revealed that several Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), and their derivatives and industrial by-products such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can contaminate breast milk, posing potential health risks to infants exposed to POPs through breast milk in many regions of the world.
Novel Pitolisant-Derived Sulfonyl Compounds for Alzheimer Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex and multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, behavioral changes, and other neurological symptoms. Considering the urgent need for new AD therapeutics, in the present study we designed, synthesized, and evaluated multitarget compounds structurally inspired by sulfonylureas and pitolisant with the aim of obtaining multitarget ligands for AD treatment. Due to the diversity of chemical scaffolds, a novel strategy has been adopted by merging into one structure moieties displaying H3R antagonism and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Eight compounds, selected by their binding activity on H3R, showed a moderate ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro, and two of the compounds (derivatives 2 and 7) were also capable of increasing acetylcholine release in vitro. Among the tested compounds, derivative 2 was identified and selected for further in vivo studies. Compound 2 was able to reverse scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits with results comparable to those of galantamine, a drug used in clinics for treating AD. In addition to its efficacy, this compound showed moderate BBB permeation in vitro. Altogether, these results point out that the fragment-like character of compound 2 leads to an optimal starting point for a plausible medicinal chemistry approach for this novel strategy.
Sustainable River Basin Management under the European Water Framework Directive: an Effective Protection of Drinking-Water Resources

In the Netherlands drinking water is produced both from surface water and groundwater. Due to the shortage of space, resources are often found in combination with other activities, such as those pertaining to industry or agriculture, in the same neighbourhood. These combinations impose strong demands on the water management of the river basin and the legal instruments that are at hand. The European Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000) ensures sustainable availability of good-quality groundwater and surface water. Current drinking-water directives are partially addressed in the WFD, along with ‘new’ obligations such as the river basin approach. One of these obligations is to develop suitable measures for meeting the drinking-water standards taken up in the regulations and to reduce the time needed for treatment of drinking water. This study focused on setting up a protocol - elaborated and evaluated at three different abstraction sites (pilots) - to develop these measures. The so-called ‘area dossier’ offers good insight into the factors influencing water quality for all parties involved and makes it possible to develop suitable and effective measures. The general approach taken in this protocol will enable it to be used by other European Member States.
THE INTERGRATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

Bài báo nghiên cứu việc tích hợp các công cụ công nghệ trong việc dạy tiếng Anh, bao gồm phương pháp giảng dạy, công cụ công nghệ được sử dụng và những khó khăn mà giảng viên phải đối mặt. Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng để thu thập và phân tích dữ liệu số liệu thông qua các bảng câu hỏi có cấu trúc, cung cấp thông tin về các công nghệ chính được sử dụng, những khó khăn mà giáo viên gặp phải và các phương pháp giảng dạy áp dụng công nghệ có hiệu quả nhất. Kết quả nghiên cứu làm nổi bật sự phổ biến của công nghệ trong giảng dạy tiếng Anh, với các công cụ quan trọng cung cấp nhiều cơ hội giảng dạy nhưng cũng đặt ra những thách thức. Phương pháp học kết hợp là phương pháp giảng dạy áp dụng công nghệ hiệu quả nhất. Nghiên cứu cũng nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết giải quyết những khó khăn được và đưa ra các giải pháp để tăng cường việc giảng dạy tiếng Anh sử dụng công nghệ.
Activated carbons developed from Algerian agro-waste of palm trunk fiber: characterization and adsorptive capacity for azo dyes removal

In this work, the activated carbon of palm trunk fiber was prepared by the thermochemical activation method for the adsorptive removal of azo dyes known for their toxicity, including methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) from aqueous solution. This preparation was realized with activated factor phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 at 450°C in different impregnation ratios, which varied within the following range: 30, 60, 100, and 150 wt. %. Investigated adsorbents were char - acterized using several methods such as X-ray diffraction, N 2 sorption, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Also, Boehm titrations and point of zero charge measurements were carried out to give more explication about surface properties. The effect of adsorbent dosage was evaluated and discussed. The results show that the adsorption capacity increases with increasing the mesoporous of the activated carbons. At 150 wt. % H 3 PO 4 ratios were found to be appropriate for efficient adsorption of the (MO) dye (~862 mg·g –1 ) and (MB) dye (~508 mg·g –1 ). Isotherm data were investigated according to Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The obtained results revealed that the Langmuir model provides the best fit for the cationic MB dye while the Langmuir and Freundlich models offer the best fit for anionic MO dye.
EMOTIONAL SOUNDTRACK: INFLUENCE OF MUSIC COMPOSERS ON AUDIENCE EMOTION

Music has the unrivalled ability to elicit emotions and change human experiences. This study explores the complex interaction between music composition, attendance behaviour, and mood during musical events. Music’s significant effect on human emotions has been the focus of much study and intrigue. Music composers use the emotional power of music to elicit profound reactions from their audiences. In the context of soundtracks, this study explores the complex link between music creators and listeners’ emotions. This study investigates the methods, plans, and underlying psychological processes that composers use to affect the emotional states of their audience by carefully examining previous research and studies on music, emotion, and soundtracks. The study’s methodology is based on an extensive literature assessment, empirical investigations, and theoretical frameworks exploring the mutual relationship between music and emotion. It examines how different musical components, including instrumentation, rhythm, melody, and harmony, can influence listeners’ emotions over time. Furthermore, the study explores how the musical element interacts with contextual factors in cinematic narratives and visual cues to enhance emotional engagement. The study’s findings demonstrate how emotions and music interact with soundtracks. Composers utilize various strategies to alter and shape the listener’s emotions to fit music to the intended emotional arc of the lyrics, pitch, storyline, and melodies. This study synthesizes the plethora of data and ideas from studies on music, emotion, and soundtrack to further the understanding of the complicated relationship between music and emotion. It also highlights the artistic and mental prowess of composers who employ music as a powerful instrument to evoke intense emotional reactions in their listeners. By shedding further light on the impact composers have on the emotional landscape of music and the cinematic experience, this study contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding the art and science of music composition and how it impacts audience emotion.
Interrogating the English of the English Curriculum in Postcolonial Bangladesh

Against the colonial origin and its initial global spread and the neo-colonial hegemony of English, this article calls for interrogating the English of the English curriculum in postcolonial societies, taking Bangladesh as a case study. It is argued that while the English language has been subjected to recurrent theorising in the neighbouring fields of Sociolinguistics and Applied Linguistics, the changing understandings of English seem to have had limited influence on English studies in Bangladesh. To illustrate the point, the author takes an autoethnographic approach and provides an account of his experience of studying English at the University of Dhaka. He also seeks to explain why academics in the fields of English Literature and Applied Linguistics and English Language Teaching (ELT) have had limited cross-disciplinary interaction in the greater interest of both fields. The author concludes that the much-desired goal of decolonising policy, curriculum, pedagogy, and knowledge-making may not be achieved without questioning the English language. It is suggested that the way forward may be to consider English as a Southern language which will allow for its localisation and its deployment along the lines of Southern epistemologies and epistemic pluralism.
Why Breakfast should be an important meal among school children life?

School age is nutritionally important because it is the prime time to build up the body and store nutrients for the rapid growth. It is also active growing phase for the physical growth and the mental development of the child. Breakfast is a very potential, unique and acknowledged as an important meal for human health. The daily intake of breakfast is a major indicator for healthy living and better quality of breakfast is essential for children, adolescents to hold the fitness. Overall, it brings the changes in metabolism, improvement in the diet quality, good nutrient choices, which influences children’s good health and food habits throughout the life peculiarly early development. According to standard nutritional recommendations an idealized breakfast should contain 20 to 35% of daily energy, and this should be obtained from three food groups like milk and milk products, cereals specifically whole grain and unrefined, fresh fruits and their juices without mixing sugar. Scientific evidence have proved that skipping breakfast leads to various health problems and those who have skipped breakfast had comparatively higher rates of mortality, high levels of cholesterol, and changes in the healthy behaviours, changes in the healthy weight as compared to regular breakfast eaters. Hence a healthy breakfast is requiring to schoolchildren which provides essential nutrients for their activities and it should be correlated with improving general nutritional status
Effectiveness and safety of afatinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib for treatment-naïve elderly patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a multi-institute retrospective study

Background: In real-world practice, most patients with lung cancer are diagnosed when they are aged ≥65 years. However, clinical trials tend to lack data for the elderly population. Therefore, we aimed to describe the effectiveness and safety of afatinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib for elderly patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Treatment-naïve patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC were enrolled at many hospitals in Taiwan. Patient characteristics and the effectiveness and safety of afatinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib were compared. Results: This study enrolled 1,343 treatment-naïve patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC, of whom 554 were aged <65 years, 383 were aged 65–74 years, 323 were aged 75–84 years, and 83 were aged ≥85 years. For elderly patients, afatinib was more effective, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 14.7 months and overall survival (OS) of 22.2 months, than gefitinib (9.9 months and 17.7 months, respectively) and erlotinib (10.8 months and 18.5 months, respectively; PFS: p = 0.003; OS: p = 0.026). However, grade ≥3 adverse events, including skin toxicities, paronychia, mucositis, and diarrhea, were more frequently experienced by patients receiving afatinib than those receiving gefitinib or erlotinib. Conclusions: This large retrospective study provides real-world evidence of the effectiveness and safety of EGFR-TKIs for elderly patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC, a population that is often underrepresented in clinical trials and real-world evidence. Afatinib was more effective as a first-line treatment than gefitinib or erlotinib for elderly patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.
An assessment of multimodel simulations for the variability of Western North Pacific tropical cyclones and its association with ENSO

AbstractAn assessment of simulations of the interannual variability of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific (WNP) and its association with El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as a subsequent diagnosis for possible causes of model biases generated from simulated large-scale climate conditions, are documented in the paper. The model experiments are carried out by the Hurricane Work Group under the U.S. Climate Variability and Predictability Research Program (CLIVAR) using five global climate models (GCMs) with a total of 16 ensemble members forced by the observed sea surface temperature and spanning the 28-yr period from 1982 to 2009. The results show GISS and GFDL model ensemble means best simulate the interannual variability of TCs, and the multimodel ensemble mean (MME) follows. Also, the MME has the closest climate mean annual number of WNP TCs and the smallest root-mean-square error to the observation.Most GCMs can simulate the interannual variability of WNP TCs well, with st.
The Role of the Stratosphere in Teleconnections Arising From Fast and Slow MJO Episodes

The Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) can influence the extratropical circulation on timescales up to several weeks, with a dependence on the MJO characteristics: MJO episodes that propagate slowly across the Maritime Continent have a stronger impact on Euro‐Atlantic weather than fast MJO episodes. While the tropospheric pathway for MJO teleconnections with varying phase speeds is well understood, in this study, we investigate the contribution of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric pathway for fast versus slow MJO episodes. During slow MJO episodes, Phases 5–6 lead to increased upward wave propagation in the North Pacific sector, and subsequently enhanced heat flux at 100 hPa, leading to the weakening of the polar vortex. The results suggest a clear role of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling for slow MJO episodes, which is proposed as a mechanism for anomalously strong positive polar cap height anomalies in MJO Phases 7–8.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine among Cardiologists and Cardiac Nurses in Italy

Background and Objectives: Cardiac patients are particularly at risk of herpes zoster (HZ), which is associated with a higher risk of major cardiovascular events. This research aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) among cardiac healthcare professionals (HPs). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a cardiological hospital in Italy. Multivariate regression models were built to identify factors associated with the outcomes of interest. Results: The response rate was 78.2% (154/197). Overall, age > 50 years and immunosuppression were recognized as risk factors for HZ by 38.3% and 75.3% of respondents, respectively. Regarding RZV, 29.1% of the HPs correctly responded about its schedule and 57.6% about the possibility of administration in immunocompromised individuals. This knowledge was significantly higher in HPs with a higher educational level (odds ratio (OR) = 4.42; 95%CI 1.70–11.47), in those who knew that HZ could cause postherpetic neuralgia (OR = 2.56; 95%CI 1.05–6.25) or major cardiovascular events (OR = 4.23; 95%CI 1.50–11.91), in those who had participated in professional updates on vaccinations (OR = 3.86; 95%CI 1.51–9.87) and in those who stated the need for further information about the RZV (OR = 6.43; 95%CI 1.42–29.98). Younger HPs (coefficient (β) = −0.02; 95%CI −0.04–−0.01), those with a positive attitude toward RZV safety (β = 2.92; 95%CI 2.49–3.36) and those who had previously cared for patients with HZ (β = 0.45; 95%CI 0.03–0.88) reported a more positive attitude toward RZV effectiveness. The practice of recommending vaccination was more prevalent in younger HPs (OR = 0.94; 95%CI 0.89–0.99), in those who had a master’s degree or higher education (OR = 7.21; 95%CI 1.44–36.08), in those with more positive attitudes toward RZV effectiveness (OR = 7.17; 95%CI 1.71–30.03) and in HPs who had already recommended the vaccine to patients in the past (OR = 4.03; 95%CI 1.08–14.96). Conclusions: Despite being a single-center study, our research brings attention to factors that currently impact cardiac HPs’ approaches to RZV. The findings indicate potential measures to enhance HPs’ awareness and practices, ultimately aiming to improve vaccination adherence and reduce the burden associated with HZ.