Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indonesia Facing Challenges of Pharmaceutical Care Implementation in Community Pharmacies: A Legal Perspective

Pharmaceutical Care (PC) is a kind of interactive comprehensive service offered by the pharmacist to the patient, in which the pharmacist's physical presence is expected when providing pharmaceutical services to the patients at the pharmacy. However, pharmacists still prioritized internal management over interacting directly with patients. The objective of this research is to glance at the legal challenges of PC implementation in Indonesian community pharmacies. The normative juridical research method has been used, with a conceptual and legal approach. PC implementation in community pharmacies experiences major-level, mid-level, and minor-level challenges. PC standards in pharmacies are legally stated in Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 73 of 2016, but there are still conflicts between pharmaceutical management and PC implementation. In the incident of a medication error, the pharmacist as the person responsible for PC in the pharmacy, is legally responsible. Pharmacists who do not meet PC standards in community pharmacies encounter administrative, civil, and criminal consequences.
I. Prospective Analysis of Three Methods Noninvasive Testing for Carotid Artery Stenosis:

Oculoplethysmography-carotid phonoangiography and periorbital directional Dop pler sonography are two techniques widely used in the noninvasive evaluation of possible carotid artery disease. Recent advances with sonographic Doppler devices now permit measurement of blood velocities in the extracranial carotid arteries by direct scanning with a color coded Doppler imaging system. A prospective study involving 216 patients being evaluated for possible carotid insufficiency was carried out to compare the results obtained with these three methods. With stenosis 65% or greater at angiography, the accuracy of the Doppler imaging system was 94%, that of oculoplethysmography-carotid phonoangiography was 84%, and that of periorbital directional Doppler sonography was 80%. These results demonstrate that direct Dop pler examination of the carotid bifurcation is superior to either of the other two techniques for the detection of carotid artery stenosis.
Conflicts of the Land Use and Ecosystem Services in the Riverine Landscape of the Little Danube

Ecosystem benefits, now known as ecosystem services (ESs), confront continuous threats from human activities and lack adequate protection, often suffering degradation and destruction despite their inherent advantages. This paper aims to introduce the geosystem approach as an exact scientific basis for assessing ESs. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of abiotic and biotic components within ecosystems, this method involves in-depth research across landscape dimensions and socioeconomic factors influencing the utilization of ecosystem services (ESs). It highlights a deep understanding of their connections and interactions. The key operational units, termed landscape–ecological complexes or geoecological complexes, result from fundamental research. Their interpretation as potentially useful for the chosen ESs is already an applied procedure. ES assessment employs two approaches: participatory and biophysical assessments. The outcomes contribute to the development of management measures for preserving or enhancing ESs in the broader study area. Methodological procedures were tested in the Little Danube model area, a unique lowland stream in Central Europe’s Rye Island and a significant drinking water reservoir. The assessment results provide a foundation, supporting arguments, and criteria for ecologically appropriate landscape planning, as well as the sustainable management, utilization, and conservation of natural resources.
Phosphate (Pi) Transporter PIT1 Induces Pi Starvation in Salmonella-Containing Vacuole in HeLa Cells

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), an important foodborne pathogen, causes diarrheal illness and gastrointestinal diseases. S. Typhimurium survives and replicates in phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells for acute or chronic infections. In these cells, S. Typhimurium resides within Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCVs), in which the phosphate (Pi) concentration is low. S. Typhimurium senses low Pi and expresses virulence factors to modify host cells. However, the mechanism by which host cells reduce the Pi concentration in SCVs is not clear. In this study, we show that through the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway, S. Typhimurium upregulates PIT1, which in turn transports Pi from SCVs into the cytosol and results in Pi starvation in SCVs. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analysis reveal that after the internalization of S. Typhimurium, PIT1 is located on SCV membranes. Silencing or overexpressing PIT1 inhibits or promotes Pi starvation, Salmonella pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2) gene expression, and replication in SCVs. The S. Typhimurium ΔmsbB mutant or silenced TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway suppresses the expression of the SPI-2 genes and promotes the fusion of SCVs with lysosomes. Our results illustrate that S. Typhimurium exploits the host innate immune responses as signals to promote intracellular replication, and they provide new insights for the development of broad-spectrum therapeutics to combat bacterial infections.
Barriers to participating in self-expanding relationship activities and the role of growth and destiny beliefs

New and exciting activities with a partner have been linked to a variety of benefits for intimate relationships; however, less is known about what hinders these activities. The goal of the present research was to examine the barriers that people face when planning shared new and exciting (i.e., self-expanding) relationship activities with their intimate partner and whether some people have traits (i.e., destiny and growth beliefs) that promote persistence in the face of these barriers. Across two studies, participants in intimate relationships reflected on barriers associated with participating in self-expanding activities that they planned with their partner in the past and identified the frequency of these barriers in the past six months (Study 1), and then rated the extent to which barriers interfered with their ability to carry out the activities (Study 1 and 2). In Study 2, participants completed measures of destiny and growth beliefs, and identified their level of enjoyment and desire to participate in similar self-expanding activities in the future. In both studies, we found that participants rated finances, limited resources, and obligations as barriers that interfered the most with activities. Our findings suggest that barriers were more likely to interfere with activities for people higher in destiny beliefs (vs. growth beliefs). Growth beliefs were significantly associated with greater enjoyment from self-expanding activities and a greater likelihood of participating in similar activities in the future (vs. destiny beliefs). Our findings have implications for understanding barriers that couples face when engaging in self-expanding activities in their intimate relationships.
Differential impact of cytoplasmic vs. nuclear RAD51 expression on breast cancer progression and patient prognosis

RAD51 recombinase is one of the DNA damage repair proteins associated with breast cancer risk. Apart from its function to maintain genomic integrity within the cell nucleus, RAD51 localized to the cytoplasm has also been implicated in breast malignancy. However, limited information exists on the roles of cytoplasmic vs. nuclear RAD51 in breast cancer progression and patient prognosis. In the present study, the association of cytoplasmic and nuclear RAD51 with clinical outcomes of patients with breast cancer was analyzed, revealing that elevated cytoplasmic RAD51 expression was associated with breast cancer progression, including increased cancer stage, grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and chemoresistance, along with reduced patient survival. By contrast, elevated nuclear RAD51 expression largely had the inverse effect. Results from in vitro investigations supported the cancer-promoting effect of RAD51, showing that overexpression of RAD51 promoted breast cancer cell growth, chemoresistance and metastatic ability, while knockdown of RAD51 repressed these malignant behaviors. The current data suggest that differential expression of subcellular RAD51 had a distinct impact on breast cancer progression and patient survival. Specifically, cytoplasmic RAD51 in contrast to nuclear RAD51 was potentially an adverse marker in breast cancer.
The Role of Fluency in Taking Pauses while Reading Aloud and During Spontaneous Speech

In this paper, the concept of pause patterns is analyzed within two aspects of speech, namely reading aloud and spontaneous speech. While reading aloud, much of the planning gets done by the speaker in preparing the text. As a result, the speaker becomes more fluent and does not need to take pauses (except at grammatical junctures). However, during spontaneous speech, pauses are much longer than reading and often more frequent because of hesitation aloud which results in disfluencies, false starts, repetition, and so on. This study explores the pause patterns in reading and spontaneous speech. The participants of this study consisted of 8 undergraduate students at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology. Data was collected through recording the students reading aloud and giving spontaneous speeches. The collected data was then analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that there is not much difference in the pattern of pauses while reading aloud and during spontaneous speech for those who are fluent in English.
Generating Geospatial Trip Data Using Deep Neural Networks

Synthetic data provides a good alternative to real data when the latter is not suﬀicient or limited by privacy requirements. In spatio-temporal applications, generating synthetic data is generally more complex due to the existence of both spatial and temporal dependencies. Recently, with the advent of deep generative modeling such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), synthetic data generation has seen a lot of development and success. This thesis uses a GAN model based on two Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) as a generator and a discriminator to generate new trip data for transport vehicles, where the data is represented as a time series. This model is compared with a standalone RNN network that does not have an adversarial counterpart. The result shows that the RNN model (without the adversarial counterpart) performed better than the GAN model due to the diﬀiculty that involves training and tuning GAN models.
Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria isolated from pangas (Pangasius
hypophthalmus) fish of the retail fish market of Gazipur, Bangladesh

Food safety associated with microbiological quality has become a critical issue worldwide. The current study was undertaken to detect the health hazard microbes (Total plate count, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and other pathogenic bacteria) in pangas fish and their sensitivity against the antibiotic. Fresh pangas fish were collected from different fish markets in Gazipur (Chowrasta, Shimultoli and Joydebpur fish market) district of Bangladesh. Total plate count (TPC) of bacteria, E. coli, other pathogenic bacteria and presence/absence test of Salmonella and V. cholerae were tested and the antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria was observed. The highest TPC was 5.22 log10 CFU/g from Chowrasta fish market and the lowest was 4.795 log10 CFU/g from Shimultoli fish market. Escherichia coli ranged from 2 log10 CFU/g (Chowrasta fish market) to 2.698 log10 CFU/g (Shimultoli fish market). No Salmonella and V. cholerae were found, E. coli was found in eight samples, Leclercia adecarboxylata (accession no. MN625850, MN625851) was found in five samples, and Aeromonas caviae (accession no.MN625853) were found in eight samples. Escherichia coli was found in pangas fish collected from all markets, ranges were 2 log10 CFU/g (Chowrasta fish market) to 2.698 log10 CFU/g (Shimultoli fish market) and all of them were within the range of acceptable limit. Seven antibiotics, namely ampicillin (25 µg/disc), gentamycin (10 µg/disc), chloramphenicol (10 µg/disc), oxytetracycline (30 µg/ disc), nitrofurantoin (300 µg/ disc), levofloxacin (5 µg/ disc), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg/disc) were used for antibiotic resistance testing. Isolated bacteria mostly showed resistance toward ampicillin, and only two isolates showed resistance to nitrofurantoin and oxytetracycline. The highest sensitivity showed for ciprofloxacin. The results of the study indicated that pathogenic bacteria present in retail pangas fish, and some are resistant to antibiotics and consumers in Bangladesh are at risk for food safety. If proper handling is not followed, fish farmers and people could face additional disease challenges due to the development of resistant bacterial strains.
Nigeria: State Capacity and Insurgency in the Niger Delta since the 1990s

During the post-1990 period, negative peace (the absence of armed violence) appeared to have taken a holiday in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The insurgency in the Niger Delta has experi- enced a free fall, mutating and escalating almost uninterrupted. Mainstream analyses of the causes and duration of insurgency in the Niger Delta tend to focus on the deprived actor (frustration and aggression) and rational actor (greed and opportunity) paradigms. Less attention has been paid to the role of state capacity in the onset and duration of insurgency in the Niger Delta. Indeed, the speci�' ic relationship between state capacity and the onset and duration of the insurgency, especially in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, is yet to receive brawny scholarly attention. This paper attempts to remedy this shortcoming. Building upon well-established theoretical and empirical literature on state capacity, the paper examines the effect of state capacity on the insurgency in the Niger Delta since the 1990s. The paper argues that the manifestation and duration of insurgency in the Niger Delta of Nigeria is a re�' lection of a feeble state capacity. State capacity signi�' icantly explains the willingness to participate in, and the shelf life of, the insurgency in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. To this end, the cause of and cure for the insurgency in the Niger Delta rests on a robust state capacity which the Nigerian state lacks.
Sustainable Solid Waste Management: Isolation of Cellulolytic Microorganisms from Dumpsites in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria

Municipal solid wastes is composed of 4050% cellulose, 9-12% hemicelluloses 1015% lignin on a dry weight basis (Rani and Nand, 2000; Gautam et al., 2010). These waste materials could be turned from liabilities into assets. Microorganisms which This research was to carry out an environmental surveillance for cellulosedegrading microorganisms present in wastes dumpsites in Lagos, southwest Nigeria. Solid waste has become a heavy burden to both government and citizens in developing countries all over the world due to increase in population. The presence of cellulolytic microorganisms and their potential to degrade the complex polymer; cellulose into simple sugars like glucose under optimum environmental conditions were also evaluated. Soil and leachate samples were collected (0 -10cm depth) from three dumpsites in Lagos following aseptic procedures and the microbial species were isolated using Nutrient agar and Potato-dextrose agar media respectively. A total of 34 microorganisms were isolated from the three different sampling locations in Lagos. The cellulase-producing microbial species were characterized following conventional and standard microbiological methods. They were then screened for cellulase activity using the Cellulose Congo-Red plate technique. The diameters of clear zone of inhibition were measured in millimeters (mm). All isolates were cellulase producers, with Bacillus licheniformis having 42.5% occurrence, as well as the highest cellulase activity and hydrolytic value (34mm and 8.5 respectively) among the bacterial species while Aspergillus sp. (40.0% occurrence) had the highest cellulase activity (63mm) and hydrolytic value (15.8) among the fungal species. This result suggested that these microorganisms utilized the available sources of cellulose present in wastes both for growth, biomass production and biodegradative processes. Consequently, the introduction of these microorganisms into waste recycling processes will enhance the sustainable solid waste management practices for megacities as well as the quality of public health in developing economies. K e y w o r d s
Perbedaan Tingkat Stres Serangan Pertama dengan Serangan Berulang pada Pasien Stroke

Latar Belakang: Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian nomor dua dan disabilitas nomor satu di dunia. Stroke menyebabkan penderita stroke mengalami dua kali serangan yakni serangan pertama dan serangan berulang. Stroke terjadi akibat pembekuan dan pecahnya pembuluh darah di otak yang jika tidak tertangani dengan baik akan menyebabkan stres. Tujuan: mengetahui perbedaan tingkat stres serangan pertama dengan serangan berulang pasien stroke. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik dengan metode cross-sectional study. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling sehingga didapatkan sampel sebanyak 48 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan yakni kuesioner karakteristik demografi dan kuesioner Depression Anxiety Stres Scale 42 (DASS 42) yang dianalisis dengan uji statistik Independent sampel T-Test. Hasil: Kelompok stroke serangan pertama mengalami stres normal (57.9%), sementara serangan berulang mengalami stres sedang (50.0%) dengan hasil uji beda rerata p= 0.017 (p<0.05) yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rerata skor stres antara kelompok stroke serangan pertama dengan serangan berulang. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan rerata skor stres antara kelompok stroke serangan pertama dengan serangan berulang dengan rerata mayoritas serangan pertama mengalami stres normal, sementara serangan berulang mengalami stres ringan sampai sedang. Keluarga dan petugas kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan dukungan, edukasi dan terapi kepada pasien untuk mencegah terjadinya stroke berulang dan menurunkan tingkat stres untuk mencegah komplikasi buruk akibat stres seperti aterosklerosis.Kata kunci: Stres; Stroke Serangan Pertama; Stroke Serangan Berulang
An Efficient Centralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learner for Cooperative Tasks

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative tasks has been extensively researched over the past decade. The prevalent framework for MARL algorithms is centralized training and decentralized execution. Q-learning is often employed as a centralized learner. However, it requires finding the maximum value by comparing the Q-value of each joint action a’ in the next state s’ to update the Q-value of the last visited state-action pair (s,a). When the joint action space is extensive, the maximization operation involving comparisons becomes time-consuming and becomes the dominant computational burden of the algorithm. To tackle this issue, we propose an algorithm to reduce the number of comparisons by saving the joint actions with the top 2 Q-values (T2Q). Updating the top 2 Q-values involves seven cases, and the T2Q algorithm can avoid traversing the Q-table to update the Q-value in five of these seven cases, thus alleviating the computational burden. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the upper bound of the expected ratio of comparisons between T2Q and Q-learning decreases as the number of agents increases. Simulation results from two-stage stochastic games are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the T2Q algorithm is validated through the distributed sensor network task and the target transportation task. The T2Q algorithm successfully completes both tasks with a 100% success rate and minimal computational overhead.
Digital Commons

: Optic pathway glioma (OPG) occurs in as many as one-fifth of individuals with the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome. Generally considered low-grade and slow growing, many children with NF1-OPGs remain asymptomatic. However, due to their location within the optic pathway, ~20-30% of those harboring NF1-OPGs will experience symptoms, including progressive vision loss, proptosis, diplopia, and precocious puberty. While treatment with conventional chemotherapy is largely effective at attenuating tumor growth, it is not clear whether there is much long-term recovery of visual function. Additionally, because these tumors predominantly affect young children, there are unique challenges to NF1-OPG diagnosis, monitoring, and longitudinal management. Over the past two decades, the employment of authenticated genetically engineered Nf1 -OPG mouse models have provided key insights into the function of the NF1 protein, neurofibromin, as well as the molecular and cellular pathways that contribute to optic gliomagenesis. Findings from these studies have resulted in the identification of new molecular targets whose inhibition blocks murine Nf1 -OPG growth in preclinical studies. Some of these promising compounds have now entered into early clinical trials. Future research focused on defining the determinants that underlie optic glioma initiation, expansion, and tumor-induced optic nerve injury will pave the way to personalized risk assessment strategies, improved tumor monitoring, and optimized treatment plans for children with NF1-OPG
Mycoprotein: The Future of Nutritious Nonmeat Protein, a Symposium Review

ABSTRACT Mycoprotein is an alternative, nutritious protein source with a meat-like texture made from Fusarium venenatum, a naturally occurring fungus. Its unique method of production yields a significantly reduced carbon and water footprint relative to beef and chicken. Mycoprotein, sold as Quorn, is consumed in 17 countries, including the United States. In line with current dietary guidelines, mycoprotein is high in protein and fiber, and low in fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar. Mycoprotein may help maintain healthy blood cholesterol levels, promote muscle synthesis, control glucose and insulin levels, and increase satiety. It is possible that some susceptible consumers will become sensitized, and subsequently develop a specific allergy. However, a systematic evidence review indicates that incidence of allergic reactions remains exceptionally low. Mycoprotein's nutritional, health, and environmental benefits affirms its role in a healthful diet. Future research that focuses on the long-term clinical benefits of consuming a diet containing mycoprotein is warranted.
Jurisdictional Capacity and Landscape Heritage: A Case Study of Malta & Gozo

Amongst the citizens of the Mediterranean archipelagic state of Malta, the current broad understanding of landscape as heritage is that it is a key component of the tourism industry but somewhat dead and alien to daily modern life. In its material expression, heritage is tolerable and acceptable as long as it is functional; highly appreciated if appropriated as a private good; but insufferable if it clashes with private and individual interests, foremost amongst which is construction. Moreover, the relationship of the Maltese with the past is also disengaged, elusive and uncertain: they remain bereft of a unifying national consciousness that includes some general agreement about the salient features of their own history, thanks in part to a fierce, political factionalism. And yet, this paper argues that the Maltese may be energized to develop a better appreciation for their island and its past, if a stronger sense of national identity, and a ‘progressive sense of place’ are introduced. This would appear much more feasible on the smaller island of Gozo than on the main island of Malta. A virtuous cycle could develop between a stronger sense of pride in local landscape heritage as a working, living culture which in turn fosters sustainable development, both of these being driven by a securing and flexing of a stronger jurisdictional capacity.