Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A nationwide analysis of hormonal contraception, sterilisation surgeries and reversal practices amongst Australian men and women from 2001 to 2021

Family planning falls within the spectrum of care within our medical society. We sought to illustrate changes in contraceptive methods over time and evaluate tubal ligation and vasectomy reversal practices in Australia. Yearly data from 2000 to 2021 was extracted from 3 databases: Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule, Medicare Benefit schedule and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare databases. Population adjusted rates of procedures and medical therapies were calculated using data from Australian Bureau of statistics. Use of Long acting reversible contraception (LARC) has increased by 34.1% from 2001 to 2021, with Mirena being the preferred contraception. The peak age group for tubal ligation during caesarean section was those >35-year-old (64.7%) whereas vasectomy more commonly performed in men aged 35–44. There was a 21.6% decrease in the number of vasectomies over time from 2000–2020. Female surgical sterilisation:vasectomy ratio shows tubal ligation was twice more common than vasectomy. Both macro/microsurgical anastomosis of the vas deferences were conducted: vasovasostomy (VV) and vasoepididymostomy (VE). There was a preponderance in the use of microsurgical approach for VV. Reversal mostly common occurred in those aged 40–44 at 29%. Overall, the rate of vasectomy is continuously falling over time whilst there is a steady incline in the use of LARC from 2020–2021. Both vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy reconstruction are practised. Although definitive conclusion from the literature lags, “real-world” trend indicate that micro-surgically conducted vasovasostomy might be the better surgical technique for desired patient outcomes.
A case study on the possible link between surface ozone photochemistry and total ozone column during the PAUR II experiment at Crete: Comparison of observations with box model calculations

[1] A variety of surface chemical measurements, including surface ozone, NO, NO2, NOx, peroxyacetyl nitrate, and nonmethane hydrocarbon, were carried out at a rural coastal site, Nopigia, Crete, and at a rural elevated site, Prases, Crete, within the framework of the Photochemical Activity and Ultraviolet Radiation (PAUR) II experiment, which took place in Greece and Italy in early summer (1–31 May 1999). The total ozone exhibited very large fluctuations (larger than 90 Dobson units, 1 DU = 2.69 × 1016 molecules cm−2) during the campaign with maximum values of around 400 DU during 10 May and minimum values of <300 DU during 20 May, while the total aerosol content exhibited a reverse fluctuation as the W-NW flow on 10 May changed to SW flow on 20 May, transporting air from the Sahara. This special atmospheric situation with such distinct differences in total ozone column and total aerosol content between these 2 days provides the opportunity, on the one hand, to investigate the induced changes on local ozone production rates and, on the other hand, to assess the local photochemistry for different atmospheric conditions at both a high elevated site and a low elevated site. Box model calculations constrained by the measurements show that changes of the total ozone column and hence of J(O1D) can influence net ozone production rates at Nopigia but not at Prases due mainly to the differences in the NOx levels between the two sites. The observed surface ozone concentrations at Nopigia display larger diurnal variations and higher ozone levels on 20 May compared to the 10 May, whereas at Prases, no such differences are observed in agreement with the model results. The 20% change in J(O1D) due to the change in total ozone column can produce ∼1.3 ppbv of ozone from 0600 to 1200 UT at Nopigia. However, the concurrent effect of increasing absorbing aerosol (Sahara dust) content on 20 May may mask part of the increase in J(O1D) and offsets part of the increase in local ozone production at Nopigia.
Psychotropic Medication Adherence and Its Associated Factors Among Schizophrenia Patients: Exploring the Consistency of Adherence Scales

Background and objective Non-adherence to psychotropic medication can aggravate an individual's illness, diminish treatment efficacy, or make patients less responsive to future therapeutic interventions. There are several scales available to measure non-adherence to medications. In this study, we aimed to measure psychotropic medication adherence and its associated factors among schizophrenic outpatients in Saudi Arabia. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted with a view to measuring psychotropic medication adherence and its associated factors. The Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) and the Drug Attitude Inventory-10 (DAI-10) were translated into Arabic, and their internal consistency was measured. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using logistic regression in the IBM SPSS Statistics software version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Spearman's rho correlation indicated a negative association between DAI-10 and MARS scores (r = -0.579; p<0.05). The Arabic version of MARS was more reliable than DAI-10, as evidenced by Cronbach's alpha value. Of note, 60.20% (n = 59) of the sample demonstrated high adherence levels. The adherence level based on MARS scoring remained unaffected (p>0.05) in terms of gender, age, employment, marital status, educational level, income level, and duration of sickness. These results were obtained by using the multivariate logistic regression model; 89% of respondents reported not using psychiatric drugs given by someone else, despite the adherence rate not affecting this number. Conclusion The rate of non-adherence to psychotropic treatment was found to be high in our cohort. Hence, it is imperative to develop comprehensive intervention methods targeting the causes of non-adherence to psychiatric medication.
Internal Model Control Scheme-Based Voltage and Current Mode Control of DC–DC Boost Converter

In this work, a current mode control has been proposed for output voltage regulation of DC–DC boost converter. The proposed controller has a cascade control structure with two feedback loops. And the internal model control scheme has been used in both the control loops. The advantageous feature lies in so as to adjust the performance and robustness of the closed-loop system as it has only one tuning parameter. The performance of the proposed internal model control based current mode control of DC–DC boost converter has been evaluated in hardware setup for set point as well as load disturbance response. The load disturbance response has been analyzed by considering random changes in input voltage and load. The faster transient response with a low-rise time and settling time has been observed in the proposed current mode control in comparison with voltage mode control as well as recently reported work. The robustness analysis of the proposed schemes has also been conducted using the small gain theorem and is further validated through hardware experiment. The proposed scheme is robustly stable up to 23% simultaneous change in inductance, capacitance and resistance.
Enhancing emotional responses of tourists in cultural heritage tourism: the case of Pingyao, China

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the interplay between heritage tourists’ experiences and their emotional responses, and to identify the mediating effect of Memorable Tourism Experiences (MTE), drawing upon the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory. The study was conducted in Pingyao, a UNESCO-listed heritage city. Employing a convergent concurrent mixed-methods approach, this study combines quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) methods to collect data. The results identified the positive effects of authenticity, nostalgia, and sacredness on MTE. Additionally, the study demonstrated that under the mediating effect of MTE, authenticity, nostalgia, and sacredness directly and indirectly affect subjective well-being and destination image. Although the direct impact of sacredness on destination image has not been definitively identified, the indirect impact mediated by MTE is positive and significant. This paper contributes to the research on tourist emotions and offers practical suggestions for the development of cultural heritage sites.
Effects of frictional heating on the thermal, hydrologic, and mechanical response of a fault

The mechanical response of a fault zone during an earthquake may be controlled by the diffusion of excess heat and fluid pressures generated by frictional heating. In this study we formulate a fault model which incorporates the effects of frictional heating on the thermal, hydrologic, and mechanical response of a small patch of the failure surface. This model is used to examine the parameters that control the fault response and to determine their critical range of values where thermal pressurization is significant. The problem has two time scales: a characteristic slip duration and a characteristic time for thermal pressurization. The slip duration is set by the fault geometry. The characteristic time for thermal pressurization is set by the slip rate, the friction coefficient, and the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of the medium. The response of the fault depends on the relative magnitude of these two times. Results suggest that the fault width and hydraulic characteristics of the fault zone and adjacent medium are the primary parameters controlling the mechanical response. For earthquakes occurring across zones of low porous medium compressibility (< 10−9 Pa−1) and permeability (< 10−18 m2) the characteristic time for thermal pressurization is small. In this case, frictional heating can cause fluid pressures to approach lithostatic values, the shear strength to approach zero, and the temperature rise to stabilize at a maximum value dependent on the pore dilatational and transport properties of the porous medium. Whether the patch acts as a barrier to slip or exhibits substantial strain weakening is dependent on the shear strain across the fault. Moderate slip events where shear strains exceed two cause substantial strain weakening and, consequently, large stress drops, accelerations, and displacements. Thus it is possible for the patch to act as a barrier for small earthquakes but not for large ones. Both the dynamic stress drop and total displacement decrease for zones with larger compressibility, permeability, or width. If the compressibility or permeability exceeds 10−8 Pa−1 or 10−14 m2 or the shear strain is less than one, then the effects of frictional heating may be negligible and the fault will exhibit no strain-weakening characteristics. Consequently, the patch acts as barrier that halts or resists further fault motion. Extrapolation of these results suggests that spatial variations in fault width and hydraulic characteristics will cause a heterogeneous stress drop and fault slip over the failure surface, explaining many of the features of active faulting (e.g., barriers, nonuniform slip, rupture stoppage, random ground accelerations, strong motions, and frequency-magnitude relations).
SO2‐rock interaction on Io 2. Interaction with pure SO2

A Na-S mineral on the surface of Io is required to be the source of the famous atomic cloud. SO_2 is a confirmed atmospheric and surface constituent, and because of the rapid volcanic resurfacing rate, the SO_2 is buried within the crust, where at least occasionally, over many cycles of burial and eruption, it must contact silicate materials at midlevel crustal temperatures. Surface interaction experiments were performed for a wide variety of silicate compositions showing that interaction products of these with SO_2 could be observed at 1123 K on laboratory timescales, even in the absence of external redox agents. Not all experiments produced deposits that could be studied by scanning electron microscopy; some required the greater sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Characterization of the alteration products by XPS showed that both oxidized and reduced sulfur species were formed, indicating that a disproportionation mechanism producing a sulfate and a reduced S species although smaller amounts of interaction leading to Na_2SO_3 formation cannot be ruled out. The reduced sulfur species is best explained as elemental S which was independently documented for two compositions. Scanning electron microscopy studies for those compositions where reaction was extensive enough to be observed showed (1) Na_2SO_4 for a soda-lime composition, (2) a mixed Na-Ca-sulfate liquid and CaSO_4 for AbAnDi and a chondrule glass composition, and (3) Fe-sulfate for a natural obsidian. Infrared spectroscopy for the soda-lime glass composition showed peaks best explained by Na_2SO_4. We conclude that SO_2 disproportionation as well as direct formation from SO_3 under oxidizing conditions can produce Na_2SO_4 by interaction of SO_2 with silicates on Io, but Ca and Fe sulfates may form preferentially in more basaltic compositions. As highly oxidizing conditions may be unlikely for Io, the disproportionation mechanism may be more competitive on Io than it is in laboratory experiments. Very low rates of Na_2SO_4 production are required to supply the Io atomic cloud, so the interaction processes can be very inefficient.
Changes in European spring phenology

The European phyto‐phenological database of the EU 5th Framework project ‘POSITIVE’ facilitated an examination of the rate and spatial pattern of changes in spring phenology across Europe. This database was collected, evaluated and composed from different national databases of Eastern and Western Europe covering the time period 1951–1998. Results show that spring phases have advanced four weeks in Western and Central Europe, and have been delayed up to two weeks in Eastern Europe. Western European spring starts earlier because of the intensive flow of warmer Atlantic air masses; the Eastern part of Europe has a different phenological rhythm and trends, that can be explained by the influence of the Siberian high. The highest rate of significant (p < 0.05) phenological change (−0.3 to −0.4 days per year) occurs in the Western Europe and Baltic Sea regions for early spring phases of hazel and colts‐foot. Spring phases of birch, apple and lilac, and summer phases, such as the flowering of linden, tend to occur earlier with an average rate of −0.1 to 0.3 days per year. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society.
Response of a tundra ecosystem to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and CO{sub 2}-induced climate change. Annual technical report

The overall objective of this research was to document current patterns of CO{sub 2} flux in selected locations of the circumpolar arctic, and to develop the information necessary to predict how these fluxes may be affected by climate change. In fulfillment of these objectives, net CO{sub 2} flux was measured at several sites on the North Slope of Alaska during the 1990--94 growing season (June--August) to determine the local and regional patterns of seasonal CO{sub 2} exchange. In addition, net CO{sub 2} flux was measured in the Russian and Icelandic Arctic to determine if the patterns of CO{sub 2} exchange observed in Arctic Alaska were representative of the circumpolar Arctic, while cold-season CO{sub 2} flux measurements were carried out during the 1993--94 winter season to determine the magnitude of CO{sub 2} efflux not accounted for by the growing season measurements. Manipulations of soil water table depth and surface temperature, which were identified from the extensive measurements as being the most important variables in determining the magnitude and direction of net CO{sub 2} exchange, were carried out during the 1993--94 growing seasons in tussock and wet sedge tundra ecosystems. Finally, measurements of CH{sub 4} flux were also measured at several ofmore » the North Slope study sites during the 1990--91 growing seasons. « less
Spatial-Temporal Tensor Representation Learning With Priors for Infrared Small Target Detection

The poor quality images with scarce target characteristics and complicated textures make it tough to enhance target detectability (TD) and background suppressibility (BS) simultaneously in infrared (IR) small target detection. Representation learning has gradually shown superiority, but two key issues arise. The first is constructing an appropriate dictionary. The second is a comprehensive and accurate representation learning model. This article introduces a low-rank and sparse spatial-temporal tensor representation learning model based on local binary contrast measure (STRL-LBCM), which transforms the target detection into an optimization task for representation and decomposition of background, target, and noise components from spatial-temporal aspects. First, we construct an IR spatial-temporal tensor from the original sequence, followed by improving GoDec plus to obtain a sparse part and a background dictionary, which lays the foundation for representation learning model. Then, a rank surrogate named fully connected tensor nuclear norm (FCTNN) is proposed for low-rank coefficient, aiming at low-rank background estimation. Meanwhile, with the sparse part, we design a salient prior called local binary contrast measure, which extracts more effective prior information for guiding target detection. Furthermore, not only Frobenius norm but also a 3-D weight total variation regularization is utilized to preserve background details and remove noise. Finally, an efficient solving framework is designed for the proposed model. Comprehensive experiments reveal that STRL-LBCM provides superior TD, BS, and overall performance compared with 16 target detection methods.
Validação de poluentes fotoquímicos e inclusão do inventário de emissões no modelo de qualidade do ar WRF/CHEM, para a região metropolitana de São Paulo

PREDICTION OF PHOTOCHEMICAL POLLUTANTS IN METROPOLITAN AREA OF SAO PAULO USING AIR QUALITY MODEL (WRF/CHEM) AND THE CETESP POLLUTANTS EMMISSION INVENTORY This paper shows the results of an approximation and transformation made on the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) pollutant emission inventory, required to be used as input data on the WRF/Chem model ("Weather Research This paper shows the results of an approximation and transformation made on the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) pollutant emission inventory, required to be used as input data on the WRF/Chem model ("Weather Research and Forecasting / CHEMistry"). Therefore, the purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of the WRF/Chem model to simulate photochemical pollutants on the SPMR, using as parameters the inclusion of the emission inventory and measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) and tropospheric ozone (O3) concentrations. The WRF/Chem is a forecast, weather climate and air quality model, which solves simultaneously the meteorology and chemistry modules. SPMR is considered one of the largest cities in the world, and like other big cities suffer with atmospheric pollution. Researches made in SPMR show that vehicles are the main
Timing, rate, and magnitude of slip on the Buckskin‐Rawhide detachment fault, west central Arizona

We present thermochronologic and geochronologic data that constrain the slip history of the Buckskin‐Rawhide detachment fault in west central Arizona, one of the largest extensional fault systems in the North American Cordillera. (U‐Th)/He zircon and apatite thermochronology, integrated with 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of postdetachment volcanic rocks, indicate that large‐magnitude extension associated with the detachment fault initiated at ~21–20 Ma and continued until ~12–11 Ma in the southwestern portion of the Buckskin‐Rawhide metamorphic core complex. (U‐Th)/He footwall cooling ages from the breakaway zone in the western Bouse Hills to upper greenschist‐facies mylonites in the southern Buckskin Mountains indicate that the slip rate on the detachment fault was 3 + 1.5/−1 km/Myr during the early Miocene. Space‐time patterns of hanging wall tilting suggest that at 17–16 Ma, a secondary detachment fault breakaway developed ~12 km northeast of the primary detachment fault breakaway. Proximal conglomerates deposited in a supradetachment basin adjacent to the secondary breakaway scarp were displaced 6–11 km northeast in the middle Miocene by the Buckskin‐Rawhide detachment fault at a slip rate of 1.2–2.7 km/Myr. The total displacement across the detachment fault in the southwestern portion of the core complex is 24 ± 10 km, well short of the previous estimate of 66 ± 8 km across the entire core complex. Based on these data and new observations, we propose that total displacement on the Buckskin‐Rawhide detachment fault system increases in the slip direction to ~40–50 km at the northeastern end of the exposed footwall, corresponding to time‐averaged slip rates that ranged from ~2 km/Myr to ≤6 km/Myr across the entire core complex.
On thermoelasticity and silica precipitation in hydrothermal systems: Numerical modeling of laboratory experiments

We develop a numerical model to understand the evolution of fracture permeability in hydrothermal upflow zones resulting from the combined effects of thermoelastic stresses and precipitation of silica as high-temperature, reactive fluid traverses temperature and pressure gradients. Because we test the model by comparing the results with those from previously published laboratory experiments on cylindrical granite cores, we solve the problem of radial flow under an applied pressure difference of a silica-saturated fluid through vertical, initially parallel-walled cracks distributed evenly about the core sample. We emplace a steady state logarithmic temperature profile and assume that silica precipitation occurs so that the silica concentration in the fluid remains at equilibrium with local temperature and pressure along the flow path. The model results show a rapid initial decrease in permeability resulting from thermoelastic stresses, followed by a further decrease resulting from silica precipitation. The greater the initial temperature gradient, initial permeability, and/or initial crack width (at a given permeability), the greater the permeability decrease resulting from thermoelastic stresses. As a result of silica precipitation, the permeability eventually declines as t−3/2. The model results agree with the general trends in the laboratory data, thus confirming that silica precipitation is the main cause of the observed decrease in permeability during the experiments. Disagreement between the model and laboratory data in detail suggests that complications such as reaction kinetics, precipitation of other minerals and nonhomogeneous crack distributions need to be considered in the model. Thermoelastic stresses, though not important at the laboratory scale, may be important at the field scale.