Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alleviating heat stress effects in poultry: updates on methods and mechanisms of actions

Heat stress is a threat that can lead to significant financial losses in the production of poultry in the world’s tropical and arid regions. The degree of heat stress (mild, moderate, severe) experienced by poultry depends mainly on thermal radiation, humidity, the animal’s thermoregulatory ability, metabolic rate, age, intensity, and duration of the heat stress. Contemporary commercial broiler chickens have a rapid metabolism, which makes them produce higher heat and be prone to heat stress. The negative effect of heat stress on poultry birds’ physiology, health, production, welfare, and behaviors are reviewed in detail in this work. The appropriate mitigation strategies for heat stress in poultry are equally explored in this review. Interestingly, each of these strategies finds its applicability at different stages of a poultry’s lifecycle. For instance, gene mapping prior to breeding and genetic selection during breeding are promising tools for developing heat-resistant breeds. Thermal conditioning during embryonic development or early life enhances the ability of birds to tolerate heat during their adult life. Nutritional management such as dietary manipulations, nighttime feeding, and wet feeding often, applied with timely and effective correction of environmental conditions have been proven to ameliorate the effect of heat stress in chicks and adult birds. As long as the climatic crises persist, heat stress may continue to require considerable attention; thus, it is imperative to explore the current happenings and pay attention to the future trajectory of heat stress effects on poultry production.
A study on the applicability of repeat‐pass SAR interferometry for generating DEMs over several Indian test sites

Repeat‐pass synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) appears to be an excellent tool for generating digital elevation models (DEMs) of high spatial and vertical resolution. However, in recent years, it has been noticed that the atmosphere causes errors in the elevation accuracy. The objective of this paper is to try to identify climatic regions in India where InSAR can be used for generating DEMs. A detailed study was carried out to quantify atmospheric effects on the DEMs derived from repeat‐pass InSAR. Three test sites were selected for the analysis: one over Mumbai, which is a part of the western ghats region with hilly terrain, lakes and forests; another is the Kolar area with gently undulating terrain with agricultural and forested lands; and the last was Bhuj, an arid plains region which is close to the Rajasthan Thar desert, India. Six interferograms of the Bhuj area derived from two tandem pairs were analysed and it was found that there were varying atmospheric effects of the order of 0. 2λ to 1λ and at specific locations more than λ. In the case of the Mumbai and Kolar study areas with two interferograms each, the atmospheric effects were almost negligible. In these cases, it is shown that it was also possible to estimate the height of buildings to an accuracy of 1–2 m. Therefore, it is concluded that one should be cautious when using InSAR techniques for generating DEMs of desert/arid regions where the climate may be very dynamic and only small amounts of water vapour can cause strong atmospheric artefacts.
Propagation Regimes of Fluid-Driven Fractures in Impermeable Rocks

This paper reviews recent results of a research program aimed at developing a theoretical framework to understand and predict the different modes of propagation of a fluid-driven fracture. The research effort involves constructing detailed solutions of the crack tip region, developing global models of hydraulic fractures for plane strain and radial geometry, and identifying the parameters controlling the fracture growth. The paper focuses on the propagation of hydraulic fractures in impermeable rocks. The controlling parameters are identified from scaling laws that recognize the existence of two dissipative processes: fracturing of the rock (toughness) and dissipation in the fracturing fluid (viscosity). It is shown that the two limit solutions (corresponding to zero toughness and zero viscosity) are characterized by a power law dependence on time and that the transition between these two asymptotic solutions depends on a single number, which can be chosen to be either a dimensionless toughness or a dimen.
Spectral type of auroral precipitating electrons estimated from optical and cosmic noise absorption measurements

[1] We estimate the energy spectra of precipitating electrons from optical emissions and cosmic noise absorption (CNA) that were observed with the all-sky imager (ASI) and the 16 × 16-element imaging riometer at Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR) (65.11° N, 147.42° W), Alaska. Maxwellian energy parameters (peak energy and total energy flux) are derived from the auroral spectroscopic emissions according to the conventional photometric method. We theoretically estimate CNA from the derived Maxwellian spectra and compare it with the observed CNA. The difference between the estimated CNA and the observed (δCNA) is used as an indicator of the difference in high-energy electron flux (E > ∼20 keV) between the actual energy distribution and Maxwellian. This analysis is carried out for two substorm events in the evening sector to show the temporal and spatial variations of the energy spectra. Event 1 exhibits two arcs of CNA during the growth phase of the substorm. The results for this event suggest that the energy spectra of the two CNA arcs have different shapes, and this difference is revealed in the precipitating electron flux quasi-simultaneously measured by NOAA-17. Event 2 is a typical substorm that consists of growth, expansion, and recovery phases. The δCNA changes throughout the course of the substorm, which can be consistently explained by the energy spectrum variation of the precipitating electrons measured in previous studies. Furthermore, the energy spectra consistent for both optical and CNA data are estimated by assuming a kappa or a Gaussian distribution. This estimation method based on ground observations of the energy spectra has the potential to provide significant information on substorms.
Ages and Petrogenetic Significance of Igneous Mangerite-Charnockite Suites Associated with Massif Anorthosites, Grenville Province

U-Pb ages of zircon fractions of major anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) igneous suites imply that this magmatism inaugurated what is widely regarded as the Grenvillian event between about 1.16 and 1.12 Ga ago over about two-thirds of the Grenville Province east, northeast, and southeast of the Central Metasedimentary Belt. Pre-Grenvillian AMCG suites about 1.36 and 1.64 Ga old have much more restricted distribution. An apparent time lag of about 0.05 to 0.10 Ga is indicated between culmination of AMCG magmatism and the widely recognized Grenvillian metamorphic peak (about 1.10 to 1.03 Ga), perhaps the most distinctive hallmark of the Grenville event. The time lag is consistent with conductive heating of thick subcontinental lithosphere that began with initiation of AMCG magmatism and continued until geotherms rose sufficiently to produce granulites in much of the lower to middle crust. Tectonic crustal thickening did not likely occur until later in the sequence of events, perhaps after some cooling from the metamorphic peak. Compressive forces were externally applied, possibly at a distant plate margin, while the continental lithosphere was still thermally weakened from preceding magmatic-metamorphic culminations.
Use of Zoned Plagioclase as an Indicator of Provenance

ABSTRACT Observations on oscillatory zoning, progressive zoning, and the lack of zoning in plagioclase feldspar of igneous and metamorphic rocks indicate a use in the interpretation of provenance of sedimentary rocks. Plagioclase in volcanic and hypabyssal rocks is characterized by oscillatory zoning, whereas this type of zoning is relatively rare in plutonic igneous and metamorphic rocks. The presence of zoned plagioclase, regardless of the type of zoning, is strongly indicative of an igneous rock.
Axillary Surgical Attitude Changing with Retrospective Application of ACOSOG Z0011 Eligible Criteria: An Institutional Evaluation.

Objective Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) represents the gold standard for axillary surgical staging. The aim of this study was to assess the proportion of axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) that could be avoided after retrospective application of the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria and to evaluate the shortterm complications associated with axillary surgery. Materials and Methods We reviewed breast cancer (BC) patients treated by primary breast-conserving surgery from 2012 to 2015. The percentage of SLNB vs ALND performed before and after the application of the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria was calculated. Complications were analyzed using crosstabs, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results Two hundred fifty one patients with a median age of 59.3 years were included. BC tumors had a median size of 13 mm and were mostly unifocal (83.9%). There were 30.3% with 1-2 metastatic lymph nodes (MLN). ALND was performed in 44.2%. The patients with 1-2 MLN, had only SLNB in 14.5% of cases. By applying the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria, ALND would have been avoided in 40.2% of patients. At least one postoperative complication was reported after SLNB or ALND for 45.7% and 74.7% of patients respectively. Seroma was the most frequent complication, and occurred in 29.3% of cases after SLNB and in 59.5% after ALND. Conclusion SNLB is the most commonly used axillary surgical staging procedure in this series (55.8%). With a retrospective application of the ACOSOG Z0011 criteria in our population, ALND could have been avoided for 40.2% patients. Post-operative complications rate was higher after ALND, with a seroma rate at 59.5%.
Reptiles from Lithographic Limestones of the Los Catutos Member (Middle—Upper Tithonian), Neuquén Province, Argentina: An Essay on Its Taxonomic Composition and Preservation in an Environmental and Geographic Context

Abstract. The lithographic limestones of the Los Catutos Member (Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina) (late middle—early late Tithonian) bear a great diversity of marine reptiles. These deposits are unique In the Southern Hemisphere as the record of lithographic limestones from the Upper Jurassic is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, particularly to Western Europe. Some European basins are very close In age (late Kimmeridgian—early Tithonian) but they do not reach the middle—late Tithonian. Additionally, In the European basins the marine reptiles are mixed with continental biota whereas In Los Catutos Member the biota is exclusively marine, with the pterosaurs being the only exception. The strictly marine biota is composed by ichthyosaurs, two different species of turtles, one crocodyliform, and one plesiosaur. The taxonomic composition of Los Catutos Member is very similar to that found in Cerro Lotena (Portada Covunco Member, middle Tithonian) (Vaca Muerta Formation). These members share the same turtle species and one metriorhynchid genus, while ichthyosaurs only coincide at a family level. The study of marine reptiles from the Los Catutos Member, along with studies from other localities of the Neuquén Basin, have made an important contribution In filling the gaps In the evolutionary history of each of the represented clades. In this regard, they represent the only known marine reptiles from Gondwana throughout the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition, which Is poorly represented in other regions of the world.
Cloud reflectance as measured from POLDER during CLEOPATRA, ASTEX, and EUCREX

POLDER (polarization and directionality of the Earth's reflectances) is a recent French instrument devoted to the global observation of the polarization and directionality of solar radiation reflected by the Earth surface-atmosphere system. The instrument will be launched on the Japanese ADEOS platform in 1996. One of the scientific objectives of the satellite mission concerns cloud characteristics and the Earth radiation budget. An original feature of POLDER is its ability to provide quasi-simultaneous multidirectional radiance measurements of any scene, that means to observe a part of its bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). This paper focuses on the analysis of BRDFs acquired by the airborne version of POLDER during the CLEOPATRA, ASTEX and EUCREX campaigns over various cloud types (stratocumulus, altostratus and cirrus clouds).
Benefactor- versus Recipient-Focused Charitable Appeals: How to Leverage In-Group Bias to Promote Donations for Out-Group Recipients

Abstract Charities often feature their recipients as protagonists in fundraising appeals (i.e., recipient-focused appeals), and considerable research has examined the best way to portray recipients to generate more donations. However, recipient-focused appeals have been accused of being uninclusive and manipulative, stereotyping or even exploiting groups they seek to help. Strategies like using an identified victim and highlighting their neediness may not always be efficacious or desirable (e.g., when donors experience emotional fatigue or when victims wish to remain anonymous), and some techniques that work for in-group members are less effective for out-group recipients. To offset in-group donation biases and promote equity, the present work proposes that charities use benefactor-focused appeals featuring people who carry out the charity’s mission. Drawing on social identity and self-categorization theories, we generate hypotheses about how an in-group benefactor-focused appeal enhances donations for out-group members and equalizes charitable giving across in-group and out-group recipients. Four studies and a supplemental study involving both donation likelihood and actual donations find that the effect of charity appeal protagonist (recipient versus benefactor) is moderated by recipients’ group membership and mediated by feelings of connectedness. Together, the results support an in-group favoritism account for both benefactor- and recipient-focused appeals on donation behavior.
The Relationship Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Blood Pressure Worldwide: A Systematic Review

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a significant global health concern, necessitating effective preventive measures. Dietary fiber has gained attention as a potential cardiovascular risk factor modifier. Although its effects on various CVD risk markers such as cholesterol levels and blood glucose levels have been explored, the relationship between dietary fiber and blood pressure remains somewhat elusive across the different studies conducted worldwide. In this systematic review, we conducted an extensive analysis of recent research from a global perspective, aiming to elucidate the relationship between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure. From an initial pool of more than 24,500 articles retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, we rigorously selected 11 studies published in the last decade (post-2013) to ensure up-to-date insights. These selected studies encompass diverse populations from different regions worldwide, allowing for a comprehensive global assessment. Our analysis revealed a positive overall impact of increased dietary fiber intake on blood pressure levels. Despite variations in study parameters, consistent trends were observed across multiple continents. This systematic review underscores the potential of dietary fiber intake to reduce blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health globally. This review serves as a global analysis and updates on the developments about the potential association between dietary fiber and blood pressure levels. While the findings are promising, further research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and ensure global consistency. Collaborative efforts and ongoing investigation are crucial for harnessing the cardiovascular benefits of dietary fiber and addressing the worldwide burden of hypertension.
Amazonian Caboclo Society: An Essay on Invisibility and Peasant Economy

Amazonian Caboclo Society is concerned with peasant society in Brazilian Amazonia. Most anthropological work in Amazonia has focused on Indian groups, and caboclos (peasants of mixed ancestry) have generally been regarded as relics of the haphazard development of Amazonia and have received little serious attention. This volume aims to analyze the reasons for the relative 'invisibility' of caboclo society. It traces the development of caboclo societies and argues that much of the current discussion of 'sustainable development' fails to recognize the important legacy of historical caboclo society.
Neotraditional Towns and Urban Villages: The Cultural Production of a Geography of ‘Otherness’

The ‘neotraditional’ planning movement in the USA is criticized through an analysis of promotional materials for the urban village of Rancho Santa Margarita in Orange County, CA. The ‘traditions’ of towns and villages are viewed as recent ‘inventions’ created by corporate planners; they are attempts to validate the establishment of residential communities through ambiguous, yet familiar, historical symbols. Yet the identities constructed for neotraditional towns and urban villages make sense only in relation to the ‘other’. In southern Orange County, corporate planners present their master-planned communities as ‘distant’ from the suburbs and cities located in Los Angeles and in northern Orange County according to a scale of temporal, geographic, and social values. Implicit to neotraditionalism is a geography of otherness. This geography reinforces existing social and spatial divisions, promotes reactionary and exclusionary territorial identities, and legitimizes the status quo.
On the Hardness of Learning from Censored and Nonstationary Demand

We consider a repeated newsvendor problem in which the inventory manager has no prior information about the demand and can access only censored/sales data. In analogy to multiarmed bandit problems, the manager needs to simultaneously “explore” and “exploit” with inventory decisions in order to minimize the cumulative cost. Our goal is to understand the hardness of the problem disentangled from any probabilistic assumptions on the demand sequence—importantly, independence or time stationarity—and, correspondingly, to develop policies that perform well with respect to the regret criterion. We design a cost estimator that is tailored to the special structure of the censoring problem, and we show that, if coupled with the classic exponentially weighted forecaster, it achieves optimal scaling of the expected regret (up to logarithmic factors) with respect to both the number of time periods and available actions. This result also leads to two important insights: the benefit from “information stalking” as well as the cost of censoring are both negligible, at least in terms of the regret. We demonstrate the flexibility of our technique by combining it with the fixed share forecaster to provide strong guarantees in terms of tracking regret, a powerful notion of regret that uses a large class of time-varying action sequences as benchmark. Numerical experiments suggest that the resulting policy outperforms existing policies (that are tailored to or facilitated by time stationarity) on nonstationary demand models with time-varying noise, trend, and seasonality components. Finally, we consider the “combinatorial” version of the repeated newsvendor problem, that is, single-warehouse, multiretailer inventory management of a perishable product. We extend the proposed approach so that, again, it achieves near-optimal performance in terms of the regret. Funding: G. Lugosi was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness [Grant MTM2015-67304-P (AEI/FEDER, UE)]. M. G. Markakis was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [Grant ECO2016-75905-R (AEI/FEDER, UE)] and a Juan de la Cierva fellowship as well as the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a Ramón y Cajal fellowship. G. Neu was supported by the UPFellows Fellowship (Marie Curie COFUND program) [Grant 600387]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2022. 0017 .
A new merging method and its spectral and spatial effects

A new SVR (Synthetic Variable Ratio) merging method is described which reproduces the spectral characteristics of an original multispectral image and spatial information of a panchromatic image with higher resolution very well. Different TM bands and SPOT pan images in two different large urban areas were used as test data to assess the new SVR method. The spectral and spatial effects of the new SVR method were assessed by using visual and graphical methods and the results were compared with those of the IHS (Intensity, Hue, Saturation) and PCS (Principal Component Substitution) methods. The results show that the spectral effect of the SVR method is the best of the three merging methods. The spatial effect of the SVR method is the same as that of the other two methods.
Earthquake cycle, fault zones, and seismicity patterns in a rheologically layered lithosphere

We study the coupled evolution of earthquakes and faults in a model consisting of a seismogenic upper crust governed by damage rheology over a viscoelastic substrate. The damage rheology has two types of functional coefficients: (1) a “generalized internal friction” separating states associated with material degradation and healing and (2) damage rate coefficients for positive (degradation) and negative (healing) changes. The evolving damage modifies the effective elastic properties of material in the upper crust as a function of the ongoing deformation. This simulates the creation and healing of fault systems in the upper seismogenic zone. In addition to the vertically averaged thin sheet approximation we introduce a Green function for three-dimensional elastic half-space for the instantaneous component of deformation. The formulation accounts in an internally consistent manner for evolving deformation fields, evolving fault structures, aseismic energy release, and spatiotemporal seismicity patterns. These developments allow us to simulate long histories of crustal deformation and to study the simultaneous evolution of regional earthquakes and faults for various model realizations. To focus on basic features of a large strike-slip fault system, we first consider a simplified geometry of the seismogenic crust by prescribing initial conditions consisting of a narrow damage zone in an otherwise damage-free plate. For this configuration, the model generates an earthquake cycle with distinct interseismic, preseismic, coseismic, and postseismic periods. Model evolution during each period is controlled by a subset of physical properties, which may be constrained by geophysical, geodetic, rock mechanics, and seismological data. In the more generic case with a random initial damage distribution, the model generates large crustal faults and subsidiary branches with complex geometries. The simulated statistics depend on the space-time window of the observational domain. The results indicate that long healing timescale, τh, describing systems with relatively long memory, leads to the development of geometrically regular fault systems and the characteristic frequency-size earthquake distribution. Conversely, short τh (relatively short memory) leads to the development of a network of disordered fault systems and the Gutenberg-Richter earthquake statistics. For intermediate values of τh the results exhibit alternating overall switching of response from periods of intense seismic activity and the characteristic earthquake distribution to periods of low seismic activity and Gutenberg-Richter statistics.