Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of 2D structure of graphene oxide by using Phyllanthus Emblica: its photocatalytic activity on cationic dyes

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) is a sp2 hybridized carbon atom arranged in a honeycomb lattice. Graphene is a new allotrope of carbon compound which could prime new openings in research fields. GO was successfully synthesized via Phyllanthus Emblica (PE) leaf. Structures, morphologies and photo catalytic activities of the as synthesized nanomaterial were determined by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The photo catalytic activities of the as-synthesized GO were estimated for the degradation of malachite green (MG) and methyl violet (MV) in aqueous solution under replicated solar light. The photo catalytic degradation of GO was 94% for brilliant green and 99% for methyl violet in 120 min.
Phylogenetic relationships based on morphological data and taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853 (Reptilia, Colubridae)

The genus Salvadora has not been subjected to a modern phylogenetic analysis. Described in 1853, its taxonomic history is complex and confusing. In this study, we evaluate the monophyly of the genus and present the first phylogenetic hypothesis based on an analysis of 66 qualitative and quantitative morphological characters of over 1000 specimens representing all described taxa across their entire distribution. Morphological characters were processed in Fast Morphology for subsequent phylogenetic analysis in PAUP under the maximum parsimony criterion. We obtained a single tree in which Salvadora appears as a monophyletic group with two clearly defined geographic species groups: a southern mexicana group and a northern grahamiae group. Based on our phylogenetic hypothesis, we evaluate the taxonomic status of all described taxa. Additionally, we include a diagnosis for all species, distribution maps, and an illustrated dichotomous taxonomic key of the genus.
Solution Phase Limited Diffusion Modeling in a Li-ion Cell Subject to Concentration-Dependent Pore Wall Flux

Mathematical modeling of ionic transport in a Li-ion cell is critical for understanding and predicting key performance parameters such as cell voltage. Past work on solution phase limitation modeling of a Li-ion cell has assumed constant and uniform pore wall flux, which is valid only under certain conditions. It may be more appropriate to assume, similar to chemical reactions in general, that the pore wall flux is proportional to the local ion concentration. This paper presents a theoretical model for solution phase limited ionic diffusion in a separator-electrode stack under the assumption of the pore wall flux being linearly proportional to the local concentration. The resulting non-linear governing equation is linearized and solved using Laplace transformation technique. Concentration field in the two-layer stack is calculated as a function of space and time in a parameter space of practical interest. A comparison of results with past work based on constant, uniform reaction rate indicates that the assumed nature of concentrationdependence of the pore wall flux plays a significant role in determining the concentration distribution. This work advances the theoretical understanding of ionic diffusion in a Li-ion cell, and may contribute towards understanding and optimizing the performance of Li-ion cells. © 2021 The Electrochemical Society (“ECS”). Published on behalf of ECS by IOP Publishing Limited. [DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ ac1cfb]
The Effect of Angelica sinensis Polysaccharide on Neuronal Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via PI3K/AKT Pathway

In the present study, the protective effects and mechanism of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) were investigated in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Rats were randomly divided into sham group, CIRI group, ASP treatment group, and ASP and LY294002 treatment group. H&E results confirmed the successful induction of CIRI in Sprague-Dawley rats. Compared with the sham group, the neurological function score, percentage of myocardial infarction area, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the CIRI group were significantly increased. Compared with the CIRI group, the ASP group’s neurological function score, percentage of myocardial infarction area, neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were significantly reduced. However, compared with the ASP group, LY294002 inhibited the effect of ASP in CIRI rats. CIRI downregulated the PI3K/AKT pathway and upregulated the apoptosis level. And ASP activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and Bcl-2 protein expression, while it inhibited caspase-3 and Bax expression. LY294002 could significantly inhibit the protective effect of ASP on nerve injury and the expression and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt protein in CIRI rats. ASP could effectively improve nerve function and nerve cell apoptosis of CIRI rats by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Splitting of the Magnetic Loss Peak of Composites under External Magnetic Field

Composite materials filled with ferromagnetic inclusions are useful in the development of various microwave devices. The performance of such devices is determined both by material properties (such as the saturation magnetization and the permeability) and by the demagnetization effects. The paper is devoted to the study of the demagnetization effect on the permeability measurements of composites under external magnetic bias. The microwave permeability of composites filled with flake sendust (Fe-Si-Al alloy) particles is measured as a function of frequency and the external magnetic field. The measurements are carried out by the Nicolson–Ross–Weir technique in a 7/3 coaxial line in the frequency range of 0.1 to 20 GHz by a vector network analyzer. It is found that the magnetic loss peak is split under external fields of more than 1.5 kOe. The main aim of this paper is to study the causes of this splitting and to interpret the observed magnetic loss peaks. To study this effect, the samples of various thicknesses and the samples with isotropic and anisotropic orientations of particles are measured. The particles in the anisotropic samples are oriented by a strong uniform magnetic field. At a small fraction of inclusions, the permanent magnetic field is demagnetized on the individual particles rather than the whole sample. The splitting of the magnetic loss peak of the isotropic sample is caused by different orientations of particles in the sample. At a high fraction of inclusions, the permanent magnetic field is demagnetized on the whole sample and the magnetic loss peak of the isotropic sample is not split. The saturation magnetization of the material is found by measurements under the external magnetic field of the anisotropic sample.
Mitigation of water restriction effects on soybean with biofertilizer: metabolic and stomatal conductance changes

The demand for soybean has increased in the international market, and water restriction is an important factor in reducing its yield. Therefore, the development of technologies aimed to reducing the damage caused by water stress becomes strategic. Thus, the objective was to demonstrate the role of the amino acid L-glutamic acid in mitigating water stress in soybean plants. A study was conducted in a greenhouse using soybean plants in vegetative stage subjected to water restriction and foliar applications of biofertilizer obtained from bacterial fermentation, containing 25% of the amino acid L-glutamic acid, sprayed three days before the imposition of water restriction and when the substrate moisture reached 50% of the water retention capacity (WRC). Stomatal resistance was determined throughout the days and three collections of plant material were carried out: at the beginning of water restriction, one and four days after rehydration for biochemical and enzymatic analyses. Plants that were supplied with biofertilizer at the beginning of water restriction showed lower stomatal resistance, while plants that received application three days before 50% WRC showed increases in sugar accumulation, in free amino acids and proline content, and in nitrate reductase and peroxidase enzymes activity, consequently, reducing lipids peroxidation, mitigating the effects of oxidative stress.
Dichotomy in formation and growth of bones of Yanornis martini (Pygostylia, Ornithuromorpha): study of thermal regime in an extinct bird

ABSTRACT Thermophysiology is a factor that influences metabolic and growth rates in organisms, for which bone microstructure is used as a proxy to determine them in extinct amniotes. We investigate if volumetric data can be used to determined variations in bone growth, and if quantitative correlations can be established between osteohistological features and thermal regimes in the case of this extinct bird. Furthermore, we investigate neurovascular volumetric data to determine growth differences between the tibia and pubis of the fossil bird Yanornis martini. Moreover, we also compare 2D osteohistological features (e.g. lumina of osteonal canals) from the tibia of Yanornis martini with those of various extant endothermic and ectothermic amniotes whose thermal regime is known. The 3D analysis shows a dichotomy regarding growth rates, with the pubis growing faster than the tibia. The comparative 2D analyses indicate that Yanornis martini exhibited a thermal regime similar to an extant endothermic marsupial. We conclude that 2D analytical approach can be used to collect preliminary quantitative indicators for thermal regimes in stem birds, particularly when only physical thin sections are available, yet needs to be carefully considered. Therefore, further in-depth stereometric analyses on 3D-rendered models are required to refine our observations.
Time- and Quantile-Varying Causality between Investor Attention and Bitcoin Returns: A Rolling-Window Causality-in-Quantiles Approach

This study proposes a novel approach that incorporates rolling-window estimation and a quantile causality test. Using this approach, Google Trends and Bitcoin price data are used to empirically investigate the time-varying quantile causality between investor attention and Bitcoin returns. The results show that the parameters of the causality tests are unstable during the sample period. The results also show strong evidence of quantile- and time-varying causality between investor attention and Bitcoin returns. Specifically, our results show that causality appears only in high volatility periods within the time domain, and causality presents various patterns across quantiles within the quantile domain.
Cost‐aware co‐locating of services in Internet of Things by using multicriteria decision making

Internet of Things (IoT) as an emerging technology is going to play a critical rule in the physical‐cyber ecosystem. In this environment, sensing and actuating are considered as services for building intelligent applications. From performance point of view, a main question is how to locate these services on devices can realize a remarkable cost‐efficiency and energy saving. In this paper, the goal is to specify which accompanying service with another specific service can be set on a device to optimize the energy consumption, load amount on devices, and the service response time. For this purpose, we formulate this goal as a multiobjective decision‐making problem, and then we solve it by using the PROMETHEE method. In this solution, the utility of each device is determined and estimated based on entropy technique that used for computing weights for different criteria. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed co‐locating algorithm, called p‐co‐locating, outperforms none‐co‐locating approach in terms of energy consumption, load amount, and the service response time.
Infrastructural citizenship: conceiving, producing and disciplining people and place via public housing, from Cape Town to Stoke-on-Trent

Abstract This paper examines public housing as an art of government to conceive, produce and discipline a normative ideal of ‘good’ citizenship through people and place. Using the framework of infrastructural citizenship, case studies from state-subsidised homeownership programmes in Cape Town (South Africa) and Stoke-on-Trent (UK) demonstrate how public housing provides a physical mediator for the politicisation of citizenship. Infrastructural citizenship is explored through both state expectations (of housing, of citizens) and citizens’ everyday practices, revealing state-society contestation and conformity in how ‘order’ and ‘decency’ materialise. In bridging the global south/north the paper not only generates new knowledge from two rarely contrasted contexts, but also illuminates and challenges the dominance of global north examples in public housing debates. By juxtaposing contemporary case studies where neither is the dominant lens for analysis, the paper argues that difference is particularly illuminating for knowledge production, and that housing theory and policy need to embrace postcolonial perspectives to ensure global relevance and legitimacy.
Capabilities and Performance of Early Internationalizing Firms: A Systematic Literature Review

ABSTRACT International-entrepreneurship researchers use a capability-based perspective to analyze the international performance of early-internationalizing firms. More than 300 papers seem to address the role of capabilities in international performance. The purpose of this study is to structure this literature and provide an orientation for researchers. First, we develop a capability-categorization model. Second, we use this model in conjunction with our systematic literature review to identify which capabilities dominate the literature and which may have been overlooked. Third, we find that, in a significant share of the papers, “capability” is defined rather loosely, which impedes theory development at the interface of the capability-based perspective and international entrepreneurship. We conclude with a research agenda for future capabilities-based international-entrepreneurship research.
The Composition of Market Participants and Asset Dynamics

We develop a dynamic equilibrium model where heterogeneous investors endogenously choose to enter/exit the stock market. We characterize the equilibrium and present a conditional consumption-CAPM. The model implies small changes in the composition of stockholders, which generate a strongly countercyclical stockholders’ amount of consumption risk. The model provides a new perspective on the main drivers of asset dynamics. It is the procyclical consumption risk-sharing implied by changes in stockholders' composition that contributes to the dynamics of risk premium, excess volatility, and price-dividend ratio. We provide empirical evidence on market participation, amount of risk, and price of risk, supporting our theory.
3-Pyridinylidene Derivatives of Chemically Modified Lupane and Ursane Triterpenes as Promising Anticancer Agents by Targeting Apoptosis

Cancer persists as a global challenge due to the extent to which conventional anticancer therapies pose high risks counterbalanced with their therapeutic benefit. Naturally occurring substances stand as an important safer alternative source for anticancer drug development. In the current study, a series of modified lupane and ursane derivatives was subjected to in vitro screening on the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Compounds 6 and 7 have been identified as highly active with GI50 values ranging from 0.03 µM to 5.9 µM (compound 6) and 0.18–1.53 µM (compound 7). Thus, these two compounds were further assessed in detail in order to identify a possible antiproliferative mechanism of action. DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining revealed that both compounds induced nuclei condensation and overall cell morphological changes consistent with apoptotic cell death. rtPCR analysis showed that both compounds induced upregulation of proapoptotic Bak and Bad genes while downregulating Bcl-XL and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic genes. Molecular docking analysis revealed that both compounds exhibited high scores for Bcl-XL inhibition, while compound 7 showed higher in silico Bcl-XL inhibition potential as compared to the native inhibitor ATB-737, suggesting that compounds may induce apoptotic cell death through targeted antiapoptotic protein inhibition, as well.
Recruitment in Health Services Research—A Study on Facilitators and Barriers for the Recruitment of Community-Based Healthcare Providers

In health services research, the recruitment of patients is oftentimes conducted by community-based healthcare providers. Therefore, the recruitment of these healthcare providers is a crucial prerequisite for successful patient recruitment. However, recruiting community-based healthcare providers poses a major challenge and little is known about its influencing factors. This qualitative study is conducted alongside a health services research intervention trial. The aim of the study is to investigate facilitators and barriers for the recruitment of community-based healthcare providers. A qualitative text analysis of documents and semi-structured interviews with recruiting staff is performed. An inductive–deductive category-based approach is used. Our findings identify intrinsic motivation and interest in the trial’s aims and goals as important facilitating factors in healthcare provider recruitment. Beyond that, extrinsic motivation generated through financial incentives or collegial obligation emerged as a conflicting strategy. While extrinsic motivation might aid in the initial enrollment of healthcare providers, it rarely resulted in active trial participation in the long run. Therefore, extrinsic motivational factors should be handled with care when recruiting healthcare providers for health services research intervention trials.
Age and Cultural Differences in Recognitions of Emotions from Masked Faces among Koreans and Americans

This study investigates age and cultural differences in the negative effects of senders’ wearing masks on receivers’ readabilities of senders’ facially expressed emotions in interpersonal interactions. An online experiment was thus conducted with Koreans and Americans aged over 20 years. Based on sampling quotas by nationality, age group and gender, Korean (n = 240) and American (n = 273) participants were recruited from panel members of a Korean research company and Amazon’s Mechanical Turk via email and the website, respectively. The participants played receiver roles to infer senders’ facially expressed emotions presented in photos in the experiment. They judged emotions facially expressed by the senders without masks and with masks are shown in photos. The results revealed that the senders’ wearing masks reduced the readabilities of the senders’ facially expressed anger among participants aged 30–49 years more than among participants aged 20–29 years. The senders’ wearing masks decreased the readabilities of the senders’ facially expressed fear for participants in their 50’s more than for participants in their 20’s. When the senders wore masks, the readabilities of the senders’ facially expressed happiness dropped among participants aged over 60 years more than among participants aged 20–49 years. When senders wore masks, American participants’ readabilities of disgust, fear, sadness and happiness expressed in the senders’ faces declined more than Korean participants’ readabilities of those emotions. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Introgressive hybridization erodes morphological divergence between lentic and lotic habitats in an endangered minnow

Abstract Introgressive hybridization may erode phenotypic divergence along environmental gradients, collapsing locally adapted populations into a hybrid swarm. Alternatively, introgression may promote phenotypic divergence by providing variation on which natural selection can act. In freshwater fishes, water flow often selects for divergent morphological traits in lake versus stream habitats. We tested the effects of introgression on lake–stream morphological divergence in the minnow Owens Tui Chub (Siphateles bicolor snyderi), which has been rendered endangered by introgession from the introduced Lahontan Tui Chub (Siphateles bicolor obesa). Using geometric morphometric analysis of 457 individual Tui Chub from thirteen populations, we found that both native and introgressing parent taxa exhibited divergent body and caudal fin shapes in lake versus stream habitats, but their trajectories of divergence were distinct. In contrast, introgressed populations exhibited intermediate body and caudal fin shapes that were not differentiated by habitat type, indicating that introgression has eroded phenotypic divergence along the lentic–lotic gradient throughout the historic range of the Owens Tui Chub. Individuals within hybrid populations were less morphologically variable than those within parent populations, suggesting hybrid adaptation to selective agents other than water flow or loss of variance by drift.
Magnesium Sulfate Enables Patient Immobilization during Moderate Block and Ameliorates the Pain and Analgesic Requirements in Spine Surgery, Which Can Not Be Achieved with Opioid-Only Protocol: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Spine surgery is painful despite the balanced techniques including intraoperative and postoperative opioids use. We investigated the effect of intraoperative magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on acute pain intensity, analgesic consumption and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IOM) during spine surgery. Seventy-two patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the Mg group or the control group. The pain intensity was significantly alleviated in the Mg group at 24 h (3.2 ± 1.7 vs. 4.4 ± 1.8, p = 0.009) and 48 h (3.0 ± 1.2 vs. 3.8 ± 1.6, p = 0.018) after surgery compared to the control group. Total opioid consumption was reduced by 30% in the Mg group during the same period (p = 0.024 and 0.038, respectively). Patients in the Mg group required less additional doses of rocuronium (0 vs. 6 doses, p = 0.025). Adequate IOM recordings were successfully obtained for all patients, and abnormal IOM results denoting warning criteria (amplitude decrement >50%) were similar. Total intravenous anesthesia with MgSO4 combined with opioid-based conventional pain control enables intraoperative patient immobilization without the need for additional neuromuscular blocking drugs and reduces pain intensity and analgesic requirements for 48 h after spine surgery, which is not achieved with only opioid-based protocol.