Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achieving reversibility of ultra-high mechanical stress by hydrogen loading of thin films

Nano-materials are commonly stabilized by supports to maintain their desired shape and size. When these nano-materials take up interstitial atoms, this attachment to the support induces mechanical stresses. These stresses can be high when the support is rigid. High stress in the nano-material is typically released by delamination from the support or by the generation of defects, e.g., dislocations. As high mechanical stress can be beneficial for tuning the nano-materials properties, it is of general interest to deduce how real high mechanical stress can be gained. Here, we show that below a threshold nano-material size, dislocation formation can be completely suppressed and, when delamination is inhibited, even the ultrahigh stress values of the linear elastic limit can be reached. Specifically, for hydrogen solved in epitaxial niobium films on sapphire substrate supports a threshold film thickness of 6 nm was found and mechanical stress of up to (−10 ± 1) GPa was reached. This finding is of basic interest for hydrogen energy applications, as the hydride stability in metals itself is affected by mechanical stress. Thus, tuning of the mechanical stress-state in nano-materials may lead to improved storage properties of nano-sized materials.
Title : Francisella like endosymbionts and Rickettsia species in local and imported 1 Hyalomma ticks . 2 Running title : Francisella and Rickettsia in Hyalomma ticks

Hyalomma ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are hosts for Francisella like endosymbionts (FLE) and 20 may serve as vectors of zoonotic disease agents. This study was aimed to provide initial 21 characterization of the interaction between Hyalomma and FLE and to determine the 22 prevalence of pathogenic Rickettsia in these ticks. Hyalomma marginatum , H. rufipes , 23 H. dromedarii , H. aegyptium and H. excavatum ticks, identified morphologically and 24 molecularly, were collected from different hosts and locations, representing the genus 25 distribution in Israel, as well as from migratory birds. High prevalence of FLE was found 26 in all Hyalomma species (90.6%), as well as efficient maternal transmission of FLE 27 (91.8%), and the localization of FLE in Malpighian tubules, ovaries and salivary glands in 28 H. marginatum . Furthermore, we demonstrated strong co-phylogeny between FLE and 29 their host species. Contrary to FLE, the prevalence of Rickettsia ranged from 2.4% to 30 81.3% and was significantly different between Hyalomma species, with higher 31 prevalence in ticks collected from migratory birds. Using ompA gene sequences, most of 32 the Rickettsia were similar to R. aeschlimannii, while a few were similar to R. africae of 33 the spotted fever group (SFG). Given their zoonotic importance, 249 ticks were tested for Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection and all were negative. The results 35 imply that Hyalomma and FLE have obligatory symbiotic interactions, and indicate on a 36 potential SFG Rickettsia zoonosis risk. Further understanding of the possible influence 37 of FLE on Hyalomma development as well as on its infection with Rickettsia pathogens 38 may lead to novel ways for control of tick borne zoonoses. This study shows that Francisella -like endosymbionts were ubiquitous in Hyalomma , maternally transmitted, and co-speciated with their hosts. These findings imply that the interaction between FLE and Hyalomma is of an obligatory nature. It provides an example of an integrative taxonomy approach to simply differentiate among species infesting the same host and identification of nymphal and larval stages to be used in further studies. In addition, it shows the potential of imported Hyalomma ticks to vector 47 spotted fever group rickettsiae. The information gathered in this study can be further 48 implemented in the development of symbiont based disease control strategies for the benefit of human health.
Hybrid Tree-Like Mesh Topology as New Wireless Sensor Network Platform

In this paper, we propose a new platform for air pollution monitoring system based on wireless sensor network (WSN) with Tree-like Mesh topology. We used ZigBee device and General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) for data transfer protocol. The results of a conducted test showed a good performance in delivering data in real time mode. We found that the fewer hop produced higher throughput but lower delay and packet loss ratio. The system performance demonstrated that the reduction of one hop increased 32.06% of throughput, decreased 23.28% of delay and 0.01% of packet loss ratio
HOMOCYSTEINE AND ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Objective: To evaluate the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia in patients of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and to analyze the relationship between total homocysteine and physical activity and serum cholesterol levels. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted which included 200 patients of acute myocardial infarction studied in two age groups of 25-45 years and 46-70 years, and an equal number of age and sex matched controls. Serum total homocysteine was analyzed by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay method on Abbott IMX, (Immunoassay analyzer) and determination of serum cholesterol was done by kit method (Elitech diagnostics, Spain). Results: Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia was recorded in younger patients of AMI (23.76 ± 2.08 μmol/L and 20.21 ± 4.17 μmol/L respectively in male and female patients). Older patients of AMI showed intermediate hyperhomocysteinemia in male patients as compared to female patients (44.62 ± 2.04 μmol/L and 29.84 ± 1.86 μmol/L respectively in male and female patients). Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia was noted with increasing age in the control subjects of our general population. There was no patient with normal homocysteine level. Only three patients had no risk factor under study, two patients presented with both risk factors i.e. physical inactivity and raised cholesterol levels, and the rest of the patients had either of the two risk factors. Serum homocysteine showed a strong relationship with cardiovascular risk factors as markedly elevated total homocysteine was recorded in the patients of acute myocardial infarction who were exposed to either one or both of these risk factors as compared to controls. Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for coronary artery disease in our population, perhaps through an interplay with physical inactivity and raised serum cholesterol levels.
Continuous regularization of nonlinear ill-posed problems

A general method for solving nonlinear ill-posed problems is developed. The method consists of solving a Cauchy problem with a regularized operator and proving that the solution of this problem tends, as time grows, to a solution of the original nonlinear stationary problem. Examples of applications of the general method are given. Convergence theorems are proved.
ROLE OF ASCORBIC ACID SUPPLEMENT IN REDUCING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HEPATOTOXICITY IN LEAD INTOXICATION

Objective: The present study was conducted to measure the oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in lead intoxicated sprague dawley rats with and without supplementation of ascorbic acid. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Material and Methods: One hundred and five male rats (age, 90-120 days; weight 200 - 250 gm) were divided into three groups each having 35 rats. Rats of group 1 and group 2 were given weekly injections of sodium acetate (10 mg /kg body weight) and lead acetate (10 mg /kg body weight) respectively, whereas rats of group 3 were administered lead acetate(10 mg /kg body weight) through weekly injections and ascorbic acid in drinking water (500 mg/l). After 6 weeks, 4 ml of blood was drawn from each rat by cardiac puncture. The blood was allowed to clot and serum was separated for estimation of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels on spectrophotometer; and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels on Merck Micorlab 200. Results: Lead intoxication of rats revealed that serum MDA levels were raised to 7.8 ± 0.48 µmol/l (control, 3.2 ± 0.39µmol/l), ALT levels to 76.26 ± 5.88 IU/l (control, 44.1 ± 3.26) and AST levels to 258.06 ± 13.30 IU/l (control, 156.2 ± 4.97). Ascorbic acid supplementation significantly lowered serum MDA levels (3.8 ± 0.34 µmol/l), ALT levels (52.26 ± 4.57 IU/l) and AST levels (188.13 ± 12.91 IU/l). Conclusion: Ascorbic acid supplementation ameliorates lead intoxication probably by reducing the oxidative stress, thus preventing the development of hepatotoxicity, but this amelioration is not equal to the control.
Detecting COVID-19 in Chest CT Images Based on Several Pre-Trained Models

COVID-19 virus (coronavirus) is causing a worldwide pandemic of severe respiratory illnesses (SARS-CoV-2). The unique virus was discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019 and has since spread throughout the world. For fear of spreading, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. This paper attempted to offer an autonomous prediction of COVID-19 disease using chest CT scan images by using transfer learning techniques and deep learning algorithms. The dataset included 13413 samples divided into two categories: 7395 CT chest scan images of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and 6018 images of suspicious cases. The Resnet (50) model has the best training results, Specificity, precision, Negative Predictive Value, False Positive Rate, False Discovery Rate, False Negative Rate, Accuracy, F1 Score, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient with values 0.9880, 0.9892, 0.9891, 0.9882, 0.0108, 0.0109, 0.0120, 0.9886, 0.9885, and 0.9772 respectively.
Asbestos-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor is linked to c- fos and apoptosis

Asbestos-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor is linked to c- fos and apoptosis. Am. J. Physiol. 277 ( Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 21): L684–L693, 1999. —We examined the mechanisms of interaction of crocidolite asbestos ﬁbers with the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and the role of the EGFR-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in early-response protooncogene (c- fos /c- jun ) expression and apoptosis induced by asbestos in rat pleural mesothelial (RPM) cells. Asbestos ﬁbers, but not the nonﬁbrous analog riebeckite, abolished binding of EGF to the EGFR. This was not due to a direct interaction of ﬁbers with ligand, inasmuch as binding studies using ﬁbers and EGF in the absence of membranes showed that EGF did not adsorb to the surface of asbestos ﬁbers. Exposure of RPM cells to asbestos caused a greater than twofold increase in steady-state message and protein levels of EGFR ( P , 0.05). The tyrphostin AG-1478, which inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGFR, but not the tyrphostin A-10, which does not affect EGFR activity, signiﬁcantly ameliorated asbestos-induced increases in mRNA levels of c- fos but not of c- jun . Pretreatment of RPM cells with AG-1478 signiﬁcantly reduced apoptosis in cells exposed to asbestos. Our ﬁndings suggest that asbestos-induced binding to EGFR initiates signaling pathways responsible for increased expression of the protooncogene c- fos and the development of apoptosis. The ability to block asbestos-induced elevations in c- fos mRNA levels and apoptosis by small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR phosphorylation may have thera-peutic implications in asbestos-related diseases. ﬁnal DMSO in tyrphostins for 2 h addition of test test biotinylated Texas Binding of EGF ﬁlter.
Techniques for Advancing Value Prediction APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE:

v List of Tables . x List of Figures . xi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 The Problem: Data Dependences Limit Sequential Performance . 1 1.2 Motivation For The Work . 2 1.3 Key Contributions . 4 1.4 Organization of the Thesis . 5 Chapter 2: Architecture of Modern General-Purpose Microprocessors.6 2.1 In-Order Pipelining . 7 2.2 Memory Hierarchy . 9 2.3 Dependence Handling in Pipelining . 11 2.3.1 Control Dependences . 11 2.3.2 Data Dependences . 12 2.4 Out-of-Order Execution . 13 Chapter 3: Value Prediction . 16 3.1 Value Prediction For Single-Thread Performance.16 3.2 Value Prediction Mechanisms . 18 3.2.1 Computation-based Predictors . 19 3.2.1.1 Last Value Predictor . 19 viii 3.2.1.2 Stride Predictor . 21 3.2.2 Context-based Predictors . 21 3.2.2.1 Finite Context Method (FCM) Predictor . 22 3.2.2.2 Differential FCM . 23 3.2.2.3 DFCM++ . 24 3.2.2.4 VTAGE and EVES . 24 3.2.3 Store-Load Value Predictors . 25 3.3 Prediction Validation and Recovery . 26 3.4 Challenges in Value Prediction.27 Chapter 4: Managing Predictor Metadata . 29 4.1 Irregular Stream Buffer (ISB) for Value Prediction . 30 4.1.1 Irregular Stream Buffer . 31 4.1.2 Enhancements to ISB . 32 4.2 Evaluation . 33 4.3 Results . 34 4.4 Discussion: . 36 Chapter 5: Handling Divergence . 37 5.1 Understanding Control Flow in Programs . 37 5.1.1 Divergence Handling using Branch Contexts . 39 5.1.2 Divergence Handling using Value Contexts . 40 5.2 Combining EVES and DFCM++: . 41 5.3 Employing Relevant Context Information: The Relevant Context-based Predictor (RCP). 44
The emergence of Hopf term and the marginality of Dirac model

The subtle relation of the marginality of Dirac model and the emergence of the Hopf term through a Yukawa-type interaction is revealed in this work. We show that the improvement of the marginality of Dirac mode through an infinitesimal non-relativistic term, which is irrelevant for renormalization group, is necessary to emerge the Hopf term. It is found that the appearance of the Hopf term is always accompanied with chiral boundary modes, and the sign of the coupling constant of the infinitesimal non-relativistic term decides their chirality. A lattice Dirac model is also constructed to realize the Hopf term.
Testing for Drift in a Time Series

The paper presents various tests for assessing whether a time series is subject to drift. We first consider departures from the null hypothesis of no drift against the alternative of a deterministic and/or a non-stationary stochastic drift with initial value zero. We show that the standard t-test on the mean of first differences achieves high power in both directions of the alternative hypothesis and it seems preferable to locally best invariant tests specifically designed to test against a non-stationary drift. The test may be modified, parametrically or nonparametrically to deal with serial correlation. Tests for the null hypothesis of a non-stationary drift are then examined. The simple t-statistic, now standardized by the square root of the sample size, is again a viable alternative, but this time there is no need to correct for serial correlation. We present the asymptotic distribution of the test, provide critical values and compare its performance with that of the standard augmented Dickey-Fuller test procedures. We show that the t-test does not suffer from the large size distortion of the augmented Dickey-Fuller test for cases in which the variance of the nonstationary drift, the signal, is small compared to that of the stationary part of the model. The use of the tests is illustrated with data on global warming and electricity consumption.
Being a new generation PIC, these facilitate post-fabrication manipulation and on-demand reconfiguration of PICs with a variety of functionalities, by avoiding custom chip fabrication

The present work proposes a new approach of hetero-cladding for silicon photonic directional couplers and outlines its contributions towards realization of a compact, tunable and energy efficient directional coupler. The proposed heterocladding comprises ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) and SiO2, to control the evanescent mode within the structure. The results show very small and identical coupling length for both TE and TM modes with reduced device cross-section, which promises for a huge reduction in the footprint of both conventional and programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The proposed concept could also be utilized to design compact, low loss and energy efficient phase shifters and other types of couplers.
Cervical Cancer in the Baltic States: Can Intelligent and Personalized Cancer Screening Change the Situation?

Abstract. The three Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) are among the European Union countries with the highest incidence and mortality rates for cervical cancer. In order to tackle this public health challenge, there is an urgent need to implement more advanced and effective methods in cervical cancer prevention in Baltic countries. Nationwide cervical cancer screening programs in the Baltic States commenced in 2004–2009. While the organized screening programs in these countries differ in some relevant details (target age groups, screening interval), the underlying principles and problems, barriers are universal. However, the outcomes of present screening programs are unsatisfactory. In addition, universal screening programs are extremely costly. There is a potential need for more intelligent and personalized cervical cancer screening program. In 2019 the project “Towards elimination of cervical cancer: intelligent and personalized solutions for cancer screening” (2020–2023) was developed with the main objective – to develop improved and personalized cancer screening methods within a sustainable health care system. It is expected, that more sophisticated cervical cancer screening model will be implemented in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, and will have a positive impact to epidemiology of cervical cancer and public health in general.
A note on the Fermi energy of an ideal Fermi gas trapped under a generic power law potential in d-dimension

The average energy per fermion in the case of a Fermi gas with any kinematic characteristic, trapped under the most general power law potential in d-dimension has been calculated at zero temperature. In a previous paper (Acharyya M 2010 Eur. J Phys. 31 L89) it was shown, in the case of a free ideal Fermi gas, as the dimension increases the average energy approaches the Fermi energy and in infinite dimension the average energy becomes equal to the Fermi energy at T = 0. In this letter it is shown that, for a trapped system at finite dimension the average energy depends on a power law exponent, but as the dimension tends to infinity the average energy coincides with the Fermi energy for any power law exponent. The result obtained in this manuscript is more general, as we can describe the free system as well as any trapped system with an appropriate choice of power law exponent, and is true for any kinematic parameter.
Calcium transients in intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal of the murine gastric fundus and their regulation by neuroeffector transmission

Enteric neurotransmission is critical for coordinating motility throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, there is considerable controversy regarding the cells that are responsible for the transduction of these neural inputs. In the present study, utilization of a cell‐specific calcium biosensor GCaMP6f, the spontaneous activity and neuroeffector responses of intramuscular ICC (ICC‐IM) to motor neural inputs was examined. Simultaneous intracellular microelectrode recordings and high‐speed video‐imaging during nerve stimulation was used to reveal the temporal relationship between changes in intracellular Ca2+ and post‐junctional electrical responses to neural stimulation. ICC‐IM were highly active, generating intracellular Ca2+‐transients that occurred stochastically, from multiple independent sites in single ICC‐IM. Ca2+‐transients were not entrained in single ICC‐IM or between neighbouring ICC‐IM. Activation of enteric motor neurons produced a dominant inhibitory response that abolished Ca2+‐transients in ICC‐IM. This inhibitory response was often preceded by a summation of Ca2+‐transients that led to a global rise in Ca2+. Individual ICC‐IM responded to nerve stimulation by a global rise in Ca2+ followed by inhibition of Ca2+‐transients. The inhibition of Ca2+‐transients was blocked by the nitric oxide synthase antagonist l‐NNA. The global rise in intracellular Ca2+ was inhibited by the muscarinic antagonist, atropine. Simultaneous intracellular microelectrode recordings with video‐imaging revealed that the rise in Ca2+ was temporally associated with rapid excitatory junction potentials and the inhibition of Ca2+‐transients with inhibitory junction potentials. These data support the premise of serial innervation of ICC‐IM in excitatory and inhibitory neuroeffector transmission in the proximal stomach.
TB or not TB? Acoustic cough analysis for tuberculosis classification

In this work, we explore recurrent neural network architectures for tuberculosis (TB) cough classiﬁcation. In contrast to previous unsuccessful attempts to implement deep architectures in this domain, we show that a basic bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM) can achieve improved performance. In addition, we show that by performing greedy feature selection in conjunction with a newly-proposed attention-based architecture that learns patient invariant features, substantially better generalisation can be achieved compared to a baseline and other considered architectures. Furthermore, this attention mechanism allows an inspection of the temporal regions of the audio signal considered to be important for classiﬁcation to be performed. Finally, we develop a neural style transfer technique to infer idealised inputs which can subsequently be analysed. We ﬁnd distinct differences between the idealised power spec-tra of TB and non-TB coughs, which provide clues about the origin of the features in the audio signal.
Gaseous Outflows in Seyferts and Unification

We present our results from FUSE observations of Seyfert galaxies of type 2 (Sy 2). We attempt to contrast the properties of the emission lines and absorbing outflows in Sy 1s and 2s in the framework of Unification. We find that the O VI emission in Sy 2s is narrow as predicted. We also find evidence for absorption, and blue-ward asymmetry of the O VI line profile.
Notions of parametricity as monoidal models for type theory

This article gives a solid theoretical grounding to the observation that cubical structures arise naturally when working with parametricity. Following [17], we claim that cubical models are cofreely parametric. We use categories, lex categories or clans as models of type theory. In this context we deﬁne notions of parametricity as monoidal models, and parametric models as modules. This covers not only the usual parametricity where any type comes with a relation, but also variants where it comes with a predicate, a reﬂexive relation, two relations, and many more. In this setting we prove that forgetful functors from parametric models to arbitrary ones have left and right adjoints. Moreover we give explicit compact descriptions for these freely and cofreely parametric models. Then we give many examples of notion of parametricity, allowing to build the following as cofreely parametric models:
Domain Adaptation from Scratch

Natural language processing (NLP) algorithms are rapidly improving but often struggle when applied to out-of-distribution examples. A prominent approach to mitigate the domain gap is domain adaptation, where a model trained on a source domain is adapted to a new target domain. We present a new learning setup, ``domain adaptation from scratch'', which we believe to be crucial for extending the reach of NLP to sensitive domains in a privacy-preserving manner. In this setup, we aim to efficiently annotate data from a set of source domains such that the trained model performs well on a sensitive target domain from which data is unavailable for annotation. Our study compares several approaches for this challenging setup, ranging from data selection and domain adaptation algorithms to active learning paradigms, on two NLP tasks: sentiment analysis and Named Entity Recognition. Our results suggest that using the abovementioned approaches eases the domain gap, and combining them further improves the results.