Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanotechnology Based Approaches in Phage Therapy: Overcoming the Pharmacological Barriers

With the emergence and spread of global antibiotic resistance and the need for searching safer alternatives, there has been resurgence in exploring the use of bacteriophages in the treatment of bacterial infections referred as phage therapy. Although modern phage therapy has come a long way as demonstrated by numerous efficacy studies but the fact remains that till date, phage therapy has not received regulatory approval for human use (except for compassionate use). Thus, to hit the clinical market, the roadblocks need to be seriously addressed and gaps mended with modern solution based technologies. Nanotechnology represents one such ideal and powerful tool for overcoming the pharmacological barriers (low stability, poor in-vivo retention, targeted delivery, neutralisation by immune system etc.) of administered phage preparations.In literature, there are many review articles on nanotechnology and bacteriophages but these are primarily focussed on highlighting the use of lytic and temperate phages in different fields of nano-medicine such as nanoprobes, nanosensors, cancer diagnostics, cancer cell targeting, drug delivery through phage receptors, phage display etc. Reviews specifically focused on the use of nanotechnology driven techniques strictly to improve phage therapy are however limited. Moreover, these review if present have primarily focussed on discussing encapsulation as a primary method for improving the stability and retention of phage(s) in the body.With new advances made in the field of nanotechnology, approaches extend from mere encapsulation to recently adopted newer strategies. The present review gives a detailed insight into the more recent strategies which include 1) use of lipid based nano-carriers (liposomes, transfersomes etc.) 2) adopting microfluidic based approach, surface modification methods to further enhance the efficiency and stability of phage loaded liposomes 3) Nano- emulsification approach with integration of microfluidics for producing multiple emulsions (suitable for phage cocktails) with unique control over size, shape and drop morphology 4) Phage loaded nanofibers produced by electro-spinning and advanced core shell nanofibers for immediate, biphasic and delayed release systems and 5) Smart release drug delivery platforms that allow superior control over dosing and phage release as and when required. All these new advances are aimed at creating a suitable housing system for therapeutic bacteriophage preparations while targeting the multiple issues of phage therapy i.e., improving phage stability and titers, improving in-vivo retention times, acting as suitable delivery systems for sustained release at target site of infection, improved penetration into biofilms and protection from immune cell attack. The present review thus aims at giving a complete insight into the recent advances (2010 onwards) related to various nanotechnology based approaches to address the issues pertaining to phage therapy. This is essential for improving the overall therapeutic index and success of phage therapy for future clinical approval.
A Healthcare Knowledge Graph-based Approach to Enable Focused Clinical Search

For the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of their patients, clinicians need access to accurate, succinct, updated, and trustworthy information, provided by renowned medical organizations and disseminated through patient guidelines, medical textbooks, journals, and synoptic overviews. Medical specialists must search and synthesize information on focused, yet esoteric, questions from a broad set of literature sources (textbooks, guidelines, journal articles) in the course of a busy practice using search engines (e.g., ClinicalKey – https:// www.clinicalkey.com/). There are several barriers for clinicians to do focused clinical search queries at the point of care (e.g., “Drug for condition X? ”, “Cause of symptom Y? ”): growth and evolution of medical knowledge, insufficient time, unanswered questions, search on patient comorbidities, lack of awareness on which resource to search, and lack of trust around quality of search results [2]. Advanced technological solutions that automate the search and retrieval of the right excerpts from a corpus of trusted medical literature sources in the right context for such questions are critical for the practice of medicine and patient care. Knowledge graphs can be effective tools to address diverse search and knowledge inference problems in several domains, including healthcare and biomedicine [5, 3]. We present our research and development on a Focused Clinical Search Service (HGFCSS), powered by the Elsevier Healthcare Knowledge Graph (termed HG henceforth), that interprets the intent behind focused clinical search queries and retrieves relevant, updated, and trusted medical content from a diverse corpus of medical literature sources.
Saturation Flow Estimation at Signalized Intersections in Developing Countries

Saturation Flow (SF) is a key parameter required in capacity analysis of signalized intersections. It is also an important parameter in design of signal timings. Well-established guidelines such as Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) are available for the estimation of SF in developed countries. Traffic characteristics and driver behavior are significantly different in heterogeneous traffic of developing countries. Thus, it is unwise to follow the procedures adopted in developed countries. Another issue in heterogeneous traffic is about unit of expressing flow. In India, flow is expressed in Passenger Car Unit (PCU) in spite of its many limitations. In this study, we develop easy to use regression models to estimate SF at pre-timed signalized intersections having heterogeneous traffic. Traffic data collected with the help of video camera at seven signalized intersections in Mumbai, India were used for the analysis. Initially we show that PCU calculations are not consistent at selected intersections. We propose expressing SF in vehicles per hour per lane-group. In the latter part, two models are developed: one by treating trucks and light commercial vehicles (LCV) separately, and the other by combining the two classes into one. The input parameters required in the proposed models are easy to obtain from the field. We believe that the models developed in this study can be very useful for researchers and practitioners in India where thumb rules are popularly used to estimate SF.
How to manage your network using SNMP: the networking management practicum

I. THE BASICS OF MANAGEMENT. 1. Introduction. 2. An API for Management Applications. 3. Agent Communications. II. MANAGING WIRES. 4. Interface Management. 5. LAN Management. 6. WAN Management. III. MANAGING HOSTS AND NETWORK SERVICES. 7. Host Management. 8. Applications Management. 9. SNMP Agent Management. A. Quick Reference to the API. B. Internet Standards and Documents. C. Other Resources. Glossary. Bibliography. Index.
A Systematic Review on Recent Trends, Challenges, Privacy and Security Issues of Underwater Internet of Things

Owing to the hasty growth of communication technologies in the Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT), many researchers and industries focus on enhancing the existing technologies of UIoT systems for developing numerous applications such as oceanography, diver networks monitoring, deep-sea exploration and early warning systems. In a constrained UIoT environment, communication media such as acoustic, infrared (IR), visible light, radiofrequency (RF) and magnet induction (MI) are generally used to transmit information via digitally linked underwater devices. However, each medium has its technical limitations: for example, the acoustic medium has challenges such as narrow-channel bandwidth, low data rate, high cost, etc., and optical medium has challenges such as high absorption, scattering, long-distance data transmission, etc. Moreover, the malicious node can steal the underwater data by employing blackhole attacks, routing attacks, Sybil attacks, etc. Furthermore, due to heavyweight, the existing privacy and security mechanism of the terrestrial internet of things (IoT) cannot be applied directly to UIoT environment. Hence, this paper aims to provide a systematic review of recent trends, applications, communication technologies, challenges, security threats and privacy issues of UIoT system. Additionally, this paper highlights the methods of preventing the technical challenges and security attacks of the UIoT environment. Finally, this systematic review contributes much to the profit of researchers to analyze and improve the performance of services in UIoT applications.
Feedback Loop Regulation between Pim Kinases and Tax Keeps Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Viral Replication in Check

The Pim family of protein kinases have established pro-oncogenic functions. They are often upregulated in cancer; especially leukemias and lymphomas. ABSTRACT The Pim family of serine/threonine kinases promote tumorigenesis by enhancing cell survival and inhibiting apoptosis. Three isoforms exist, Pim-1, -2, and -3, that are highly expressed in hematological cancers, including Pim-1 in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of ATL, a dismal lymphoproliferative disease known as adult T-cell leukemia. The HTLV-1 virally encoded oncogene Tax promotes CD4+ T-cell transformation through disruption of DNA repair pathways and activation of survival and cellular proliferation pathways. In this study, we found Tax increases the expression of Pim-1 and Pim-3, while decreasing Pim-2 expression. Furthermore, we discovered that Pim-1, -2, and -3 bind Tax protein to reduce its expression thereby creating a feedback regulatory loop between these two oncogenes. The loss of Tax expression triggered by Pim kinases led to loss in Tax-mediated transactivation of the HTLV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and reductions in HTLV-1 virus replication. Because Tax is also the immunodominant cytotoxic T cell lymphocytes (CTL) target, our data suggest that Pim kinases may play an important role in immune escape of HTLV-1-infected cells. IMPORTANCE The Pim family of protein kinases have established pro-oncogenic functions. They are often upregulated in cancer; especially leukemias and lymphomas. In addition, a role for Pim kinases in control of virus expression and viral latency is important for Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Our data demonstrate that HTLV-1 encodes viral genes that promote and maintain Pim kinase activation, which in turn may stimulate T-cell transformation and maintain ATL leukemic cell growth. HTLV-1 Tax increases expression of Pim-1 and Pim-3, while decreasing expression of Pim-2. In ATL cells, Pim expression is maintained through extended protein half-life and heat shock protection. In addition, we found that Pim kinases have a new role during HTLV-1 infection. Pim-1, -2, and -3 can subvert Tax expression and HTLV-1 virus production. This may lead to partial suppression of the host immunogenic responses to Tax and favor immune escape of HTLV-1-infected cells. Therefore, Pim kinases have not only pro-oncogenic roles but also favor persistence of the virus-infected cell.
Cryptography in Grade 10: Core Ideas with Snap! and Unplugged

We report our experience of an extracurricular online intervention on cryptography in Grade 10. Our first goal is to describe how we taught some fundamental cryptography ideas by making students encounter a progression of representative cryptosystems, from classical to modern, and discover their characteristics and limitations. We used Snap! (a visual programming language) to realize hands-on activities: block-programming playgrounds (a form of task-specific programming languages) to experiment with cryptosystems, and an interactive app to support an unplugged (albeit remote) Diffie-Hellman key agreement. After experimenting with each system, the students were involved in a Socratic discussion on how to overcome the discovered limitations, motivating the introduction of the following system in our path. Our second goal is to evaluate the students' perceptions and learning of cryptography core ideas. They appreciated the course and felt that, despite being remote, it was fun and engaging. According to the students, the course helped them understand the role of cryptography, CS, and Math in society and sparked their interest in cryptography and CS. The final assessment showed that the students well understood the cryptography ideas addressed. Our third goal is to discuss what worked and areas of improvement. The "remote-unplugged" Diffie-Hellman, where the meeting chat was a metaphor for the public channel, engaged the students in understanding this groundbreaking protocol. Overall, they praised the activities as engaging, even when challenging. However, a strong "instructor blindness" induced by remote teaching often prevented us from giving the students the right amount of guidance during the exploration activities.
ANALISIS KEABSAHAN BITCOIN SEBAGAI MATA UANG VIRTUAL MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM POSITIF DI INDONESIA

Perkembangan dunia modern terus berkembang pesat, salah satunya terhadap dunia fintech. Sehingga terus bermunculan ide baru untuk menciptakan sistem pembayaran yang lebih efektif dan lebih canggih dari sebelumnya. Dari situlah tercipta bitcoin sebagai salah satu bentuk dari sistem cryptocurrency. Semakin kesini, perkembangan dan peminat bitcoin sangat pesat karena keuntungan yang digarap sangat besar. Dalam rentang waktu yang singkat harga bitcoin terus menjulang tinggi. Kendati demikian, permasalah perbedaan pandangan dan pendapat tentang sah nya bitcoin masih terus diperdebatkan. Hal ini didasari peraturan undang-undang yang menyebutkan bahwa mata uang yang sah dan diterima di Indonesia adalah Rupiah. Dan sampai saat ini belumm ada perubahan ataupun penambahan. Oleh karenanya, peneliti bertujuan untuk memaparkan tentang “Bitcoin dan Keabsahannya Sebagai Mata Uang Virtual dari Perspektif Hukum Positif di Indonesia”. Apakah benar Indonesia telah memberikan legal formal terhadap bitcoin sebagai mata uang virtual yang dapat digunakan untuk alat pembayaran dan sebagai alat tukar ? Banyak kemungkinan yang akan terus berubah sejalan dengan perubahan yang terus ada terutama dalam bidang ekonomi oleh karenanya, pada penelitian ini,peneliti akan menjelaskan tentang kedudukan keabsahan hukum bitcoin sebagai mata uang virtual di Indonesia saat ini.
Membrane viscosity signature in thermal undulations of curved fluid bilayers

Membrane viscosity is usually assumed to only affect short-wavelength undulations of lipid bilayers. Here, we show that fluctuation dynamics about a curved shape such as a quasi-spherical vesicle is sensitive to the membrane viscosity even at long wavelengths, if the Saffman-Debr\"uck length is larger than the radius of curvature. The theory predicts a relaxation rate of $\sim \ell^4$ for a spherical harmonic mode $\ell$, a drastic change from the classic result $\sim \ell^3$. Accordingly, the anomalous diffusion exponent governing the Dynamic Structure Factor (DSF) becomes 1/2 instead of the commonly used 2/3 [Zilman and Granek, Phys. Rev. Lett. (1996)]. Flickering spectroscopy of the shape fluctuations of giant vesicles made of phospholipid/cholesterol mixtures confirm the theoretical results and, for the first time, demonstrate the effect of membrane viscosity in the bilayer thermal undulations. The new DSF scaling implies that the data analysis in methods that utilize DSF of liposomes, e.g., neutron spin echo, need to be reassessed.
Pulse-front control of 15-TW pulses with a tilted compressor, and application to the subpicosecond traveling-wave pumping of a soft-x-ray laser

We have implemented an adjustable traveling-wave method of excitation for the transverse pumping of laser media based on tilting one of the gratings of the compressor of a chirped pulse amplification [Opt. Commun.56, 219 (1985)] (CPA) laser chain. We show that the only requirement to obtain the best locally compressed pulse is to slightly tilt and translate one of the gratings from its original position. Exact and approximate expressions of these two motions are derived, allowing an easy reconfiguration of any CPA laser. An experimental validation is performed with the first observation of a unidirectional soft-x-ray lasing when subpicosecond pumping pulses are used.
Stiffness and arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: a literature review

Background and Objective Tendon retear is the most common complication following rotator cuff repair surgery. Understanding the factors that are associated with greater risks of retear is important so surgeons can provide accurate prognostic information to patients. Advanced age and larger tear size have been shown to be associated with greater risk of retear at 6 months using multiple logistic regression analysis. Stiffness is the second most common complication, however recent evidence suggests that early postoperative stiffness may be associated with a more robust healing response. Thus, this paper aims to critically review the independent predictors of retear in rotator cuff repair patients. Methods Literature review was conducted using electronic databases from their dates of inception. Key Content and Findings There are multiple factors that affect rotator cuff repair integrity detailed in the literature. Tear size appeared to be the most important predictor of retear following rotator cuff repair. Postoperative stiffness at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery appears to be a factor associated with more intact repairs at 6 months. Shoulder stiffness tends to resolve within 6 months following the operation. This protective effect persists up to 5 years postoperatively. Conclusions Shoulder stiffness may be an important protective factor against rotator cuff retear which requires further investigation from future studies. It is important to determine the relative importance of stiffness when compared to known important factors such as tear size with regards to its effect on rotator cuff repair integrity.
Functional traits of young seedlings predict trade-offs in seedling performance in three neotropical forests

Understanding the mechanisms that promote the coexistence of hundreds of species over small areas in tropical forest remains a challenge. Many tropical tree species are presumed to be functionally equivalent shade tolerant species that differ in performance trade-offs between survival in shade and the ability to quickly grow in sunlight. Variation in plant functional traits related to resource acquisition is thought to predict variation in performance among species, perhaps explaining community assembly across habitats with gradients in resource availability. Many studies have found low predictive power, however, when linking trait measurements to species demographic rates. Seedlings face different challenges recruiting on the forest floor and may exhibit different traits and/or performance trade-offs than older individuals face in the eventual adult niche. Seed mass is the typical proxy for seedling success, but species also differ in cotyledon strategy (reserve vs photosynthetic) or other seedling traits. These can cause species with the same average seed mass to have divergent performance in the same habitat. We combined long-term studies of seedling dynamics with functional trait data collected at a standard developmental stage in three diverse neotropical forests to ask whether variation in coordinated suites of traits predicts variation among species in demographic performance. Across hundreds of species in Ecuador, Panama, and Puerto Rico, we found seedlings displayed correlated suites of leaf, stem, and root traits, which strongly correlated with seed mass and cotyledon strategy. Variation among species in seedling functional traits, seed mass, and cotyledon strategy were strong predictors of trade-offs in seedling growth and survival. Our findings highlight the importance of cotyledon strategy in addition to seed mass as a key component of seed and seedling biology. These results also underscore the importance of matching the ontogenetic stage of the trait measurement to the stage of demographic dynamics. Synthesis: With strikingly consistent patterns across three tropical forests, we find strong evidence for the promise of functional traits to provide mechanistic links between seedling form and demographic performance.
Functions satsifying the mean value property

Introduction. In the preceding paper [8] we proved that if all harmonic functions in n-dimensional bounded domain D satisfy the mean value property (MVP) with respect to some point P and a given density function ,t (volumedensity, surface-density, etc.) then, under some simple assumptions on ,, D must necessarily be a ball with center P. In the present paper we are interested in studying the MVP from a complementary point of view, namely, we are interested in finding conditions on ,u (u>? 0) under which the MVP holds at most for a finite number of linearly independent functions. The MVP is meant to be:
Emerging Trends in Biodegradable Microcarriers for Therapeutic Applications

Microcarriers (MCs) are adaptable therapeutic instruments that may be adjusted to specific therapeutic uses, making them an appealing alternative for regenerative medicine and drug delivery. MCs can be employed to expand therapeutic cells. MCs can be used as scaffolds for tissue engineering, as well as providing a 3D milieu that replicates the original extracellular matrix, facilitating cell proliferation and differentiation. Drugs, peptides, and other therapeutic compounds can be carried by MCs. The surface of the MCs can be altered, to improve medication loading and release, and to target specific tissues or cells. Allogeneic cell therapies in clinical trials require enormous volumes of stem cells, to assure adequate coverage for several recruitment locations, eliminate batch to batch variability, and reduce production costs. Commercially available microcarriers necessitate additional harvesting steps to extract cells and dissociation reagents, which reduces cell yield and quality. To circumvent such production challenges, biodegradable microcarriers have been developed. In this review, we have compiled key information relating to biodegradable MC platforms, for generating clinical-grade cells, that permit cell delivery at the target site without compromising quality or cell yields. Biodegradable MCs could also be employed as injectable scaffolds for defect filling, supplying biochemical signals for tissue repair and regeneration. Bioinks, coupled with biodegradable microcarriers with controlled rheological properties, might improve bioactive profiles, while also providing mechanical stability to 3D bioprinted tissue structures. Biodegradable materials used for microcarriers have the ability to solve in vitro disease modeling, and are advantageous to the biopharmaceutical drug industries, because they widen the spectrum of controllable biodegradation and may be employed in a variety of applications.
Existence and uniqueness of slightly compressible Boussinesq's flow in Darcy-B\'enard problem

In the present paper, we study the existence, uniqueness and behaviour in time of the solutions to the Darcy-B\'enard problem for an extended-quasi-thermal-incompressible fluid-saturated porous medium uniformly heated from below. Unlike the classical problem, where the compressibility factor of the fluid vanishes, in this paper we allow the fluid to be slightly compressible and we address the well-posedness analysis for the full nonlinear initial boundary value problem for the perturbed system of governing equations modelling the convection in porous media phenomenon.