Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A fast and precise double-diode model for predicting photovoltaic panel electrical behavior in variable environmental conditions

A precise understanding of photovoltaic output behaviour leads to better organising of investment resources and more efficient development planning. Besides under standard test conditions, the presented model can predict the output of a photovoltaic module under variable real-time situations. The proposed hybrid analytical-numerical method declined the calculation and running time while offering an acceptable predicting accuracy. Models’ predictions were validated with the information reported by the manufacturer and experimental analysis and real-time measurements. The dust impacts were also investigated. The model accuracy was compared with a single diode model under the same conditions and several other similar works. Finally, the model was used to investigate the effect of any variation in cell temperature and irradiation levels on the output of photovoltaic modules. The proposed hybrid model can be a benchmark for future studies. It can be modified and developed to foresee the electrical output of a photovoltaic system in other regions if the system specifications and weather conditions and diversities are applied accordingly.
Buckley–James estimation of generalized additive accelerated lifetime model with ultrahigh‐dimensional data

High‐dimensional covariates in lifetime data is a challenge in survival analysis, especially in gene expression profile. The objective of this paper is to propose an efficient algorithm to extend the generalized additive model to survival data with high‐dimensional covariates. The algorithm is combined of generalized additive (GAM) model and Buckley–James estimation, which makes a nonparametric extension to the nonlinear model, where the GAM is exploited to illustrate the nonlinear effect of the covariates and the Buckley–James estimation is used to address the regression model with right‐censored response. In addition, we use maximal‐information‐coefficient (MIC)‐type variable screening and weighted p‐value to reduce dimension in high‐dimensional situations. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the three benchmark models: Cox proportional hazards regression model, random survival forest, and BJ‐AFT on a simulated dataset and two real survival datasets. The results, evaluated by concordance index (C‐index) as well as modified mean squared error (mMSE), illustrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Compressed Collective Sparse-Sketch for Distributed Data-Parallel Training of Deep Learning Models

Distributed data-parallel training (DDP) is prevalent in large-scale deep learning. To increase the training throughput and scalability, high-performance collective communication methods such as AllReduce have recently proliferated for DDP use. However, these approaches require long communication periods with increasing model sizes. Collective communication transmits many sparse gradient values that can be efficiently compressed to reduce the required training time. State-of-the-art compression approaches do not provide mergeable compression for AllReduce and lack convergence bounds. We present a sparse sketch reducer (S2Reducer), a sparsity-preserving sketch-based collective communication method. S2Reducer preserves gradient sparsity and reduces communication costs via a bitmap informed count sketch structure and adapts to efficient AllReduce operators. We tune the count sketch organization to minimize the hash conflicts in a fixed-size budget. We prove that our method has the same convergence rate as vanilla data-parallel training and a much smaller communication overhead than those of state-of-the-art methods. We implement a GPU-accelerated S2Reducer for the Ring AllReduce-based DDP system. We perform extensive evaluations against four state-of-the-art methods across seven deep learning models. Our results show that S2Reducer converges to the same accuracy as that of state-of-the-art approaches while reducing the sparse communication overhead by up to 86% and achieving a speedup of up to $3.5\times $ in distributed training.
Elucidating the Effects of the Lipids Regulators Fibrates and Statins on the Health Status of Finfish Species: A Review

Simple Summary Pharmaceuticals used to treat abnormal cholesterol levels in the blood are known as lipid regulators (fibrates and statins), and their use is in constant growth. Treatment plants are usually unable to efficiently remove these compounds from wastewater, where their degradation rate is considerably slow, making them an emerging concern for aquatic systems. The present work reviews previously published research concerning the effects of these pharmaceuticals on several finfish species worldwide. Results suggest that both short- and long-term exposure to lipid regulators may have negative effects on fish health, affecting their metabolism and immune system and causing reproductive and developmental disorders. However, the information on these compounds in the available literature is still limited, and additional research is needed to fully understand the threat that their presence in aquatic systems may pose to the production of finfish by the aquaculture industry. Abstract The most documented fibrates are gemfibrozil, clofibrate and bezafibrate, while for statins, the majority of the published literature focuses on atorvastatin and simvastatin. The present work reviews previously published research concerning the effects of these hypocholesterolaemic pharmaceuticals on fish, with a particular focus on commercially important species, commonly produced by the European aquaculture industry, specifically in recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS). Overall, results suggest that both acute and chronic exposures to lipid-lowering compounds may have adverse effects on fish, disrupting their capacity to excrete exogenous substances, as well as both lipid metabolism and homeostasis, causing severe ontogenetic and endocrinological abnormalities, leading to hampered reproductive success (e.g., gametogenesis, fecundity), and skeletal or muscular malformations, having serious repercussions on fish health and welfare. Nonetheless, the available literature focusing on the effects of statins or fibrates on commonly farmed fish is still limited, and further research is required to understand the implications of this matter on aquaculture production, global food security and, ultimately, human health.
Dietary Strategies for Relieving Stress in Pet Dogs and Cats

A variety of physical, emotional, and mental factors can induce a stress response in pet dogs and cats. During this process, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and sympathetic–adrenal medulla (SAM) axes are activated to produce a series of adaptive short-term reactions to the aversive situations. Meanwhile, oxidative stress is induced where there is an imbalance between the production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative damage is also incorporated in sustained stress response causing a series of chronic problems, such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, immune dysfunction, and development of abnormal behaviors. In this review, the effects and mechanisms of dietary regulation strategies (e.g., antioxidants, anxiolytic agents, and probiotics) on relieving stress in pet dogs and cats are summarized and discussed. We aim to shed light on future studies in the field of pet food and nutrition.
Retrospective validation of G-ROP, CO-ROP, Alex-ROP, and ROPscore predictive algorithms in two Chinese medical centers

Purpose To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of four predictive algorithms (G-ROP, CO-ROP, Alex-ROP, and ROPscore) for retinopathy of prematurity and compare their performances in the Chinese population. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at two medical centers in China of infants born at Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University and Yiwu Maternal and Child Health Hospital. A total of 1,634 infants who met the criteria and who were GA < 32 weeks or BW < 2,000 g according to Chinese guidelines for ROP screening were included. The ROP group was further grouped into severe ROP and mild ROP. The sensitivity and specificity of G-ROP, two simplified G-ROPs, CO-ROP, Alex-ROP, and ROPscore were analyzed. Results Severe ROP and any ROP were identified in 25 and 399 of 1,634 infants, respectively. According to the criteria of different models, 844, 1,122, 1,122, and 587 infants were eligible in the G-ROP, CO-ROP, Alex-ROP, and ROPscore, respectively. G-ROP had 96.0% sensitivity and 35.0% specificity for severe ROP. For two simplified G-ROPs (180 g and 200 g models), similar sensitivity was showed with original G-ROP and they had specificity of 21.8% and 14.0%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Co-ROP were 96% and 64.3% for severe ROP, while Alex-ROP only had sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 61.4% for severe ROP. ROPscore had a sensitivity of 91.3% and a specificity of 62.4% for severe ROP. In 546 infants who met all 4 models' inclusion criteria and included 23 infants with severe ROP, the validation outcomes showed the sensitivity of G-ROP, ROPscore, CO-ROP, and Alex-ROP for severe ROP was 95.6%, 91.3%, 100%, and 56.0%, and their specificity was 38.0%, 60.8%, 39.9%, and 52.9%, respectively. Conclusion G-ROP, ROPscore, and CO-ROP had high sensitivity for severe ROP in the Chinese population, but both the sensitivity and specificity of Alex-ROP were low. CO-ROP (not high-grade CO-ROP) provided the best performance for severe ROP in a fair comparison. For further application, ROP screening models need to be adjusted by local populations.
Flavonoids from the Roots of Sophora flavescens and Their Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Activities

The phytochemical investigation of the roots of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sophora flavescens led to the isolation of two novel prenylflavonoids with an unusual cyclohexyl substituent instead of the common aromatic ring B, named 4′,4′-dimethoxy-sophvein (17) and sophvein-4′-one (18), and 34 known compounds (1–16, 19–36). The structures of these chemical compounds were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HRESIMS data. Furthermore, evaluations of nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells indicated that some compounds exhibited obvious inhibition effects, with IC50 ranged from 4.6 ± 1.1 to 14.4 ± 0.4 μM. Moreover, additional research demonstrated that some compounds inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells, with an IC50 ranging from 0.46 ± 0.1 to 48.6 ± 0.8 μM. These results suggest that flavonoid derivatives from the roots of S. flavescens can be used as a latent source of antiproliferative or anti-inflammatory agents.
A Novel Demodulation System Based on Continuous Wavelet Transform

Considering the problem of EBPSK signal demodulation, a new approach based on the wavelet scalogram using continuous wavelet transform is proposed. Our system is twofold: an adaptive wavelet construction method that replaces manual selection existing wavelets method and, on the other hand, a nonlinear demodulation system based on image processing and pattern classification is proposed. To evaluate the performance of the adaptive wavelet and compare the performance of the proposed system with the existing systems, a series of comprehensive simulation experiments is conducted under the environment of uniform white noise, colored noise, and additive white Gaussian noise channel, respectively. Simulation results of different wavelets show that the system using adaptive wavelet has lower bit error rate (BER). Moreover, simulation results of several systems show that the BER of the proposed system is the lowest among all systems, such as amplitude detection, integral detection, and some continuous wavelet transform systems (specific scales and times and maximum lines). In a word, the adaptive wavelet construction proposed in this paper yields superior performances compared with the manual selection, and the proposed system has better performances than the existing systems. Index terms are signal demodulation, adaptive wavelet, continuous wavelet transform, and BER.
Droop-Based Distributed Secondary Control Method With Reduced Communication Complexity for Radial DC Microgrids

This article proposes a distributed secondary control method for radial dc microgrid systems with reduced communication complexity. The proposed method utilizes the bus voltage information of the dc microgrid, which is communicated to the individual converters. The proposed method is distributed in nature as the secondary controllers are implemented locally at each converter. The proposed method does not require communication channels between individual converters. Thus, it achieves accurate current sharing and good load voltage regulation with reduced complexity compared to state-of-the-art control methods. The proposed method is robust, and its performance gracefully degrades in the event of a failure of a communication channel. Also, the addition or removal of a converter is seamless with the proposed method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using circuit simulations and hardware-based experiments on different configurations of radial dc microgrid systems.
Soil Fungistasis against Fusarium Graminearum under Different tillage Systems

The establishment of the harmful pathogen Fusarium graminearum in different agroecosystems may strongly depend on the ability of the soils to suppress its development and survival. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil tillage systems (i.e., conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage) on soil fungistasis against F. graminearum. Soil samples were collected three times during the plant growing season in 2016 and 2017 from a long-term, 20-year soil tillage experiment. The F. graminearum in the soil samples was quantified by real-time qPCR. The soil fungistasis was evaluated by the reduction in the radial growth of F. graminearum in an in vitro assay. The antagonistic activity of the soil bacteria was tested using the dual culture method. The F. graminearum DNA contents in the soils were negatively correlated with soil fungistasis (r = –0.649 *). F. graminearum growth on the unfumigated soil was reduced by 70–87% compared to the chloroform fumigated soil. After the plant vegetation renewal, the soil fungistasis intensity was higher in the conventionally tilled fields than in the no-tillage. However, no significant differences were obtained among the tillage treatments at the mid-plant growth stage and after harvesting. 23 out of 104 bacteria isolated from the soil had a moderate effect, and only 1 had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of F. graminearum. This bacterium was assigned 100% similarity to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Hy7 strain (gene bank no: JN382250) according to the sequence of the 16S ribosome subunit coding gene. The results of our study suggest that the presence of F. graminearum in soil is suppressed by soil fungistasis; however, the role of tillage is influenced by other factors, such as soil biological activity, type and quantity of plant residues and environmental conditions.
Vacuum-stent: A combination of endoscopic vacuum therapy and an intraluminal stent for treatment of esophageal transmural defects

Introduction Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has gained a greater role in management of transmural defects in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including anastomotic leakage and esophageal perforation (e.g. Boerhaave syndrome and iatrogenic causes). The vacuum-stent is a new treatment modality, combining the benefits of EVT and an intraluminal stent. Patients and methods This prospective case series describes the first ten cases of a transmural defect in the upper GI tract treated with a vacuum-stent in a tertiary referral center. All patients signed informed consent for prospective registration of relevant data on treatment and outcomes in a specially designed database. Outcome parameters were successful closure of the defect, number of endoscopies, duration of treatment and adverse events. Results In total, ten patients treated with a vacuum-stent were included. Eight patients had anastomotic leakage after esophageal resection, of whom six were treated with vacuum-sponge and vacuum-stent, and two with vacuum-stent only. One patient had Boerhaave syndrome, treated with vacuum-sponge and vacuum-stent, and one had an iatrogenic perforation during pneumodilation for achalasia, treated with vacuum-stent only. Success rate was 100%, requiring a median of 5 (IQR 3–12) EVT-related endoscopies with a treatment course of median 18 (IQR 12–59) days. One patient developed an esophageal stricture, but no other vacuum-stent related adverse events were observed. Conclusion The vacuum-stent, which combines benefits of EVT and an intraluminal stent, shows great feasibility and efficacy in treatment of transmural defects in the upper GI tract. Future studies should point out whether this device can prevent major (re-)surgery in these patients.
Balanced-to-Single-Ended Filtering Power Divider Using Multilayer Mixed-Mode Magic-T

A type of balanced-to-single-ended (BTSE) filtering power divider (FPD) using multilayer mixed-mode magic-T is reported. Based on grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) to slotline transitions, a mixed-mode magic-T is firstly discussed. It attains out-of-phase and in-phase wideband distributed responses by means of the balanced port E and the single-ended port H, respectively. Then, by coupling the designed mixed-mode magic-T with a stub-loaded resonator (SLR), a BTSE FPD with its port H terminated by a 50-ohm load is proposed. Due to the employed microstrip SLR along with the coupled pair of L-shaped slotline sections, the designed FPD can feature a second-order high- selectivity differential-mode (DM) filtering response with two close-to-passband transmission zeros (TZs) and high broadband common-mode (CM) rejection. Moreover, for experimental- demonstration purposes, two proof-of-concept prototypes corresponding to a mixed-mode magic-T and a BTSE FPD are developed and tested. The mixed-mode magic-T is measured with a BTSE 10-dB return-loss bandwidth from 2.05 to 3.78 GHz and a single-ended-to-single-ended (SETSE) 10-dB return-loss bandwidth from 1.5 to 4.5 GHz, respectively. The measured BTSE FPD features a 10-dB return-loss DM bandwidth of 8.36% along with power isolation levels above 17.7 dB at the output ports and two TZs located 2.74 and 3.55 GHz, respectively.
A HYBRID FIVE-POINT FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR CONVECTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

In this paper, some five-point finite difference schemes for steady convection-diffusion problems are presented. To begin with, we use the finite volume method (FVM) to discretize the convection-diffusion equation. After that, we present two five-point difference schemes for the approximation of the first order derivatives on faces, one of which is central difference type scheme, the other is upwind difference type scheme. In both of the schemes, one node is always connected with its four neighbor nodes. As the central scheme is of fourth order accuracy, it is very accurate to employ for small Peclet numbers. But when Peclet number is large, the scheme can be unstable. In this case, the upwind scheme of third order accuracy is stable. As the upwind scheme can reflect the flow transportation, it can give stable numerical solution. Taking use the advantages of the above two schemes, we construct a hybrid scheme, which can be ap- plied not only for small Peclet numbers, but for large Peclet numbers. The new higher order difference scheme and the hybrid strategy might be extended to solve 2D and 3D fluid dynamics equations includ- ing Navier-Stokes equation. Some numerical examples are also presented to illustrate the discussion.
Singularity Theory for Non-Twist Kam Tori

In this monograph the authors introduce a new method to study bifurcations of KAM tori with fixed Diophantine frequency in parameter-dependent Hamiltonian systems. It is based on Singularity Theory of critical points of a real-valued function which the authors call the potential. The potential is constructed in such a way that: nondegenerate critical points of the potential correspond to twist invariant tori (i.e. with nondegenerate torsion) and degenerate critical points of the potential correspond to non-twist invariant tori. Hence, bifurcating points correspond to non-twist tori.
A note on Kolmogorov's third-order structure-function law, the local isotropy hypothesis and the pressure–velocity correlation

We show that Kolmogorov's (1941b) inertial-range law for the third-order structure function can be derived from a dynamical equation including pressure terms and mean flow gradient terms. A new inertial-range law, relating the two-point pressure–velocity correlation to the single-point pressure–strain tensor, is also derived. This law shows that the two-point pressure–velocity correlation, just like the third-order structure function, grows linearly with the separation distance in the inertial range. The physical meaning of both this law and Kolmogorov's law is illustrated by a Fourier analysis. An inertial-range law is also derived for the third-order velocity–enstrophy structure function of two-dimensional turbulence. It is suggested that the second-order vorticity structure function of two-dimensional turbulence is constant and scales with $\epsilon ^{2/3}_\omega$ in the enstrophy inertial range, εω being the enstrophy dissipation. Owing to the constancy of this law, it does not imply a Fourier-space inertial-range law, and therefore it is not equivalent to the k−1 law for the enstrophy spectrum, suggested by Kraichnan (1967) and Batchelor (1969).
On-Chip Carrier-Selective Contact Photovoltaic Cell

This article proposes an on- chip photovoltaic cell equipped with a tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) exhibiting selective carrier contact. The proposed structure utilizes the gate region as the TOPCon structure and performs best when the gate oxide is high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\kappa $ </tex-math></inline-formula> hafnium oxide (HfO2). Oxide thicknesses lower than 1.5 nm enable the utilization of the device as a solar cell; therefore, it can be fabricated using high-end oriented CMOS processes. Furthermore, TOPCon technology at the bulk contact is observed to be more important than that at the emitter contact; however, a combination of the two yields an improved <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {OC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> value. On applying the full TOPCon technology, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {OC}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is improved by approximately 20 mV from 601 to 619 mV, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> is improved by approximately 0.5% from 15.20% to 15.73% compared to the conventional surface diffusion (SD)-based structure.
Monotone Boolean functions

Monotone Boolean functions are an important object in discrete mathematics and mathematical cybernetics. Topics related to these functions have been actively studied for several decades. Many results have been obtained, and many papers published. However, until now there has been no sufficiently complete monograph or survey of results of investigations concerning monotone Boolean functions. The object of this survey is to present the main results on monotone Boolean functions obtained during the last 50 years.