Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Cystectomy for Pure and Variant Urothelial Carcinoma

Purpose: Evaluation of outcomes for those who undergo partial cystectomy (PC) for the management of select patients with bladder cancer (BC). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive open PCs with lymph node dissection performed by a single surgeon between 2000 and 2018 for BC. Patients were identified via the surgeon’s documented case logs. Patients had either a cT2 solitary tumor (N=35), a high-grade (HG) tumor in a diverticulum (N=8), or a HG solitary cT1 lesion concerning for more advanced disease (N=10). Results: 53 patients had primary urothelial carcinoma (UC), including 18 with variant UC histologies on pre-operative biopsy. Patients had an average of 55 months (range 2-188 months) of follow-up. 37 were male (70%). The median age at the time of PC was 71 years (range 48-90). Pathology specimens at PC revealed 19 as pT0, 9 as pTis-pT1, 6 as pT2 and 19 as pT3. 7 patients died from metastatic BC (1 with pT0 and 6 with pT3 pathology at PC); none had an intravesical recurrence. 12 patients had intravesical recurrences of UC (23%), 11 of whom had a non-MI recurrence managed endoscopically and with intravesical therapies. The 5-year cumulative incidence of BC specific deaths by pathologic stage was: 8% (95% CI 0.4-32.8%) for pT0, 0% for pTis-pT1, 0% for pT2, and 32% (95% CI 12.4-52.9%) for pT3. BC specific death was not significantly changed by the presence of variant UC on pre-operative biopsy. Conclusion: PC appears to provide oncologically acceptable outcomes in patients who present with solitary UC lesions with pure or variant histologies with tumors amenable to PC.
PTH-088 Non Invasive Monitoring Of Fatty Livers In Morbidly Obese Patients: Preliminary Evaluation With Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging

Introduction Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). But with a variability of 10–20% and a mortality rate of 0.01%, non invasive techniques of monitoring change in liver morphology have been sought after. Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) is a promising innovation that combines ultrasound imaging and elastography to measure liver stiffness which correlates well with liver fibrosis. Morbidly obese patients are at a risk of developing NASH or Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and weight loss helps improve liver steatosis. Very low calorie diets (VLCD) help in weight reduction and are known to shrink the liver. Our aim was to assess the role of ARFI in assessing and monitoring the change in liver architecture in a cohort of morbidly obese patients in response to VLCD. Methods A cohort of non-diabetic morbidly obese patients at risk for NASH was selected for this study (clinical trial no: NCT01950052). Liver volume was estimated with the help of a standardised ultrasound protocol while liver fibrosis was analysed with ARFI. After randomisation, a very low calorie diet (800 kcal) was given to one group while the rest were controls. Four weeks later, ARFI was repeated and all patients underwent a laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass. A liver biopsy was taken during surgery from the same liver segment as the ARFI measurements. The liver histology was evaluated according to the NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System by two blinded pathologists. Steatosis, fibrosis and NAFLD activity scores were correlated with ARFI scores. Results Liver volume shrank by 21.5% in the diet arm (n = 10) compared to 2% (p < 0.05) in the control arm (n = 14) in 4 weeks. The ARFI scores were similar in the diet and control group [median 2.92 (1.1–3.8) m/s vs. 3.22 (1.54–3.65) m/s, p = 0.7], p = 0.7] at recruitment and at the time of the biopsy 4 weeks later [2.16 (1.19–3.68) m/s vs. 2.83 (1.5–3.48) m/s, p = 0.3]. ARFI demonstrated a drop in values in the diet group (p = 0.1) but this was not significant. Similarly, liver biopsy at surgery confirmed a trend of lower levels of steatosis in the diet group (27 vs. 42%, p = 0.12). The ARFI scores did not correlate with the steatosis grade (p = 0.8), or NAFLD score (p = 0.48). Conclusion Low calorie diets shrink liver volumes but ARFI could not detect any change in liver stiffness. ARFI does not appear to correlate with liver steatosis and may not be ideally suited for short term monitoring of successful treatment of NASH. However its role in long term monitoring needs further evaluation. Disclosure of Interest None Declared.
Insurance Markets, Loss Size Manipulation and Competition

The common view that insurer buyer power may effectively counteract provider market power critically rests on the idea that consumers and insurers have a joint interest in pushing for price and cost reductions. We develop theory and provide experimental evidence that the interests of insurers and consumers may be misaligned when insurers have the power to influence the service supplier’s cost. Insurers with such buyer power may benefit from increasing initial loss sizes to create demand for insurance. Insurer competition eliminates their profits but markets do not return to the initial non-insurance state. This constitutes a welfare loss.
B LADE : Scalable Source Code Debloating Framework

—Existing source code debloaters fall short due to low scalability and high runtime overhead when applied in dynamic cloud settings, where instances are spun up on the fly. To address this challenge, we propose B LADE that leverages the common coding idioms and language restrictions to build simple yet effective heuristics for faster source-code debloating. For example, usually, coding constructs are defined before used . Thus, the probability of breaking code after the removal of a node reduces with the depth of its position in the syntax tree. Also, while debloating certain functionalities, statements from a basic block have a higher possibility of getting removed together. To utilize these insights, B LADE employs a hierarchical source code reduction, where reduction candidates are chosen with reverse pre-order traversal, so that it removes uses before the definitions . Low runtime overhead makes B LADE practical to apply code debloating to large workloads. Our evaluation shows that B LADE runs faster than existing source code debloating tools. Compared to Chisel, B LADE is, on average, 2.3 × faster and provides comparable reductions in the code size and attack surfaces. In comparison to Debop, another source code debloater, B LADE , on average, is 2.75 × faster.
2021). Energy-efficient neural networks with near-threshold processors and hardware accelerators

Hardware for energy-efficient AI has received significant attention over the last years with both start-ups and large corporations creating products that compete at different levels of performance and power consumption. The main objective of this hardware is to offer levels of efficiency and performance that cannot be obtained with general-purpose processors or graphics processing units. In parallel, innovative hardware techniques such as near-and sub-threshold voltage processing have been revisited, capitalizing on the low-power requirements of deploying AI at the network edge. In this paper, we evaluate recent developments in hardware for energy-efficient AI, focusing on inference in embedded systems at the network edge. We then explore a heterogeneous configuration that deploys a neural network that processes multiple independent inputs and deploys convolutional and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) layers. This heterogeneous configuration uses two devices with different performance/power characteristics connected with a feedback loop. It obtains energy reductions measured at 75% while simultaneously maintaining the level of inference accuracy.
Human hamstring muscles adapt to eccentric exercise by changing optimum length.

PURPOSE It is now established that unaccustomed eccentric exercise leads to muscle fiber damage and to delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the days after exercise. However, a second bout of eccentric exercise, a week after the first, produces much less damage and soreness. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence from muscle mechanical properties of a proposed mechanism for this training effect in human hamstring muscles. METHODS The eccentric exercise involved 12 sets of 6 repetition "hamstring lowers," performed on specially designed equipment. Hamstring angle-torque curves were constructed for each of 10 subjects (8 male and 2 female) while they performed maximum voluntary knee extension and flexion movements on an isokinetic dynamometer. Testing sessions were performed over the week before eccentric exercise, immediately post exercise, and daily, up to 8 d post exercise. Subject soreness ratings and leg girth measurements were also made post exercise. Six subjects performed a second bout of eccentric exercise, 8 d after the first, and measurements were continued up to 10 d beyond that. RESULTS There was a significant shift in the optimum angle for torque generation (Lo), to longer muscle lengths immediately post exercise (7.7 degrees +/- 2.1 degrees, P < 0.01), indicating an increase in series compliance within some muscle fibers. Subsequent measurements showed increases in leg girth and some muscle soreness, suggesting muscle damage. The shift in Lo persisted, even after other injury parameters had returned to normal, consistent with a training effect. Subjects also showed fewer signs of muscle damage after the second exercise bout. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show a sustained shift in optimum angle of human muscle as a protective strategy against injury from eccentric exercise. Implications of this work for athletes, particularly those prone to hamstring strains are discussed.
A brain-computer interface for gamification in the Metaverse

This study contributes to our understanding of the Metaverse by presenting a case study of the implementation of brain-computer interface supported game-based engagement in a Virtual Environment (VE). In VE, individuals can communicate with anyone, anywhere, anytime, without any limits. This situation will increase the barrier-free living standards of disabled people in a more accessible environment. A virtual world of well-being awaits these individuals, primarily through gamified applications thanks to Brain-Computer Interfaces. Virtual environments in the Metaverse can be infinitely large, but the user's movement in a virtual reality (VR) environment is constrained by the natural environment. Locomotion has become a popular motion interface as it allows for full exploration of VE. In this study, the teleport method from locomotion methods was used. To teleport, the user selects the intended location using brain signals before being instantly transported to that location. Brain signals were decomposed into alpha, beta, and gamma bands. The features of each band signal in Time, frequency, and time-frequency domains were extracted. In this proposed method, the highest performance of binary classification was obtained in the frequency domain and the Alpha band. Signals in the alpha band were tested in the Time, Frequency, and Time-Frequency domains. Teleport operations are faster in the time domain and more stable in the frequency domain. However, the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) method using in the Time-Frequency domain could not respond adequately to real-time applications. All these analyses were
The Unattractiveness of Indeterminate Dynamic Equilibria ∗

Macroeconomic forces that generate multiple equilibria often support locally-indeterminate dynamic equilibria in which a continuum of perfect foresight paths converge towards the same steady state. The set of rational expectations equilibria (REE) in such environments can be very large, although the relevance of many of them has been questioned on the basis that they may not be learnable. In this paper we document the existence of a learnable REE in such situations. However, we show that the dynamics of this learnable REE do not resemble perturbations around any of the convergent perfect foresight paths. Instead, the learnable REE treats the locally-indeterminate steady state as unstable, in contrast to it resembling a stable attractor under perfect foresight
Young Women’s Political Discussion on Social Media in the 2016 Presidential Election

Gender was particularly salient in the 2016 election with the first female presidential candidate from a major party running against a candidate accused of sexism and sexual assault. This provides a unique opportunity to study how gender salience influences women’s political engagement and the gender gap in political engagement. Informed by role model theory, we explored gender differences in online political discussions during the 2016 election. Using survey data (N = 1020), we examined how often young men and women post about politics on Facebook and Twitter, the types of posts made, and how conflict is handled. Supporting the role model theory, we found women and men were equally engaged in political discussion online, an important finding considering women’s engagement typically lags behind men.
Feedback-Control Based Hierarchical Multi-Constraint Ad Campaign Optimization

Online advertising is typically implemented via real-time bidding, and advertising campaigns are then defined as extremely high-dimensional optimization problems. Advertisers often define a campaign by an order consisting of multiple lines. Campaign delivery constraints may be imposed on the order as a whole and on each ad line. E.g., there may be budget and cost per click constraints on the order and on each line individually. Furthermore, the sum of line budgets may exceed the order budget, and the cost per click constraint on lines may differ. This leaves room for cross-line budget optimization; i.e., budget may be shifted across lines to maximize the advertising value without violating the constraints. This paper derives the optimal bidding mechanism for a large family of constrained optimization problems. It is shown how the optimal bidding strategy can be implemented as scalable non-cooperating agents on the order and the individual lines.
Structural recursion with locally scoped names

This paper introduces a new recursion principle for inductively defined data modulo α-equivalence of bound names that makes use of Odersky-style local names when recursing over bound names. It is formulated in simply typed λ-calculus extended with names that can be restricted to a lexical scope, tested for equality, explicitly swapped and abstracted. The new recursion principle is motivated by the nominal sets notion of 'α-structural recursion', whose use of names and associated freshness side-conditions in recursive definitions formalizes common practice with binders. The new calculus has a simple interpretation in nominal sets equipped with name-restriction operations. It is shown to adequately represent α-structural recursion while avoiding the need to verify freshness side-conditions in definitions and computations. The paper is a revised and expanded version of Pitts (Nominal System T. In Proceedings of the 37th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL 2010 (Madrid, Spain). ACM Press, pp. 159-170, 2010).
. (2022). Effects of conflict in cognitive control: Evidence from mouse tracking. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. https://doi.

critical view). The notion of “adaptive control” refers to the more specific claim that cognitive control is dynamically adjusted in a time-varying manner, presumably in an effort to reduce the cost of cognitive control only to those circum-stances in which it is truly necessary (Shenhav et al., 2013). A yet more specific view of adaptive control is the “conflict adaptation” view (e.g., Botvinick et al., 2001) according to which it is the experience of a conflict which induces a transient enhancement of cognitive control. Conflict induces an upregulation of control on following
Participatory Modeling for Adaptive Management: Reports from the Field II

As the natural world has become dominated by human influences public involvement in natural resource management decisions has become vital. In addition, scientists are now viewing nature as a dynamic rather than “in balance”. To accommodate these paradigms, natural resource managers have been encouraged to look holistically at the problems they manage through the lens of adaptive management. Current adaptive management theory incorporates variability, uncertainty, the relationship of impacts with respect to potential temporal and spatial disconnects, and social concerns. Add the obvious need for modeling and the stage is set for participatory system dynamics modeling. Participatory SD modeling is a process that can integrate science and local knowledge with policy, and open the lines of communication between potentially different world views. We will use case studies to highlight three characteristics of participatory environmental modeling to illustrate the flexibility of process and the effectiveness of a broad range of interventions. The three characteristics are: 1) Interventions may take place anywhere on the “problem identification to solution producing” continuum. 2) Stakeholder involvement in the actual building of the model varies; the “hands on” continuum. 3) The type of data required varies on the “qualitative to quantitative” continuum.
The Fe3+:Sapphire Whispering Gallery Modes Maser Oscillator

—The Fe 3+ : Al 2 O 3 Whispering Gallery Mode Maser Oscillator is presented in this paper. Preliminary results already show a frequency stability of about 10 − 14 for integration times up to 30 s. A model combining the rate equations and the electromagnetic ﬁeld in the sapphire is presented. Paramagnetic properties and maser sensitivity to external parameters have been conducted to verify the validity of our model.
High potential for CH4 emission mitigation from oil infrastructure in one of EU's major production regions

Abstract. Ambitious methane (CH4) emission mitigation represents one of the most effective opportunities to slow the rate of global warming over the next decades. The oil and gas (O&G) sector is a significant source of methane emissions, with technically feasible and cost-effective emission mitigation options. Romania, a key O&G producer within the EU, with the second highest reported annual CH4 emissions from the energy sector in the year 2020 (Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data - Comparison by Category, 2022), can play an important role towards the EU's emission reduction targets. In this study, we quantify CH4 emissions from onshore oil production sites in Romania at source and facility level using a combination of ground- and drone-based measurement techniques. Measured emissions were characterized by heavily skewed distributions, with 10 % of the sites accounting for more than 70 % of total emissions. Integrating the results from all site-level quantifications with different approaches, we derive a central estimate of 5.4 kg h−1 per site of CH4 (3.6 %–8.4 %, 95 % confidence interval) for oil production sites. This estimate represents the third highest when compared to measurement-based estimates of similar facilities from other production regions. Based on our results, we estimate a total of 120 kt CH4 yr−1 (range: 79–180 kt yr−1) from oil production sites in our studied areas in Romania. This is approximately 2.5 times higher than the reported emissions from the entire Romanian oil production sector for 2020. Based on the source-level characterization, up to three-quarters of the detected emissions from oil production sites are related to operational venting. Our results suggest that O&G production infrastructure in Romania holds a massive mitigation potential, specifically by implementing measures to capture the gas and minimize operational venting and leaks.
NEUROINFORMATICS Sharing privacy-sensitive access to neuroimaging and genetics data : a review and preliminary validation

This is the fixed version of an article made available by an organization that acts as a publisher by formally and exclusively declaring the article "published". If it is an "early release" article (formally identified as being published even before the compilation of a volume issue and assignment of associated metadata), it is citable via some permanent identifier(s), and final copy-editing, proof corrections, layout, and typesetting have been applied.
Community-based Ecotourism Development Through Stakeholder Engagement and Collaboration: A Case of Lababia Village, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea.

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Context of Ecotourism in Papua New Guinea . 1 1.2. 1 Current state of ecotourism and potential for expansion . 1 1.3 Overview of Ecotourism in Papua New Guinea – Lababia Village . 2 1.4 Tourism and the Notion of Sustainability . 5 1.5 Transition – In Corporate Sustainable Development . 7 1.6 Research Aims and Objectives . 9 1.7 Significance of the Research . 10 1.8 Thesis Organisation . 11 CHAPTER 2: COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM AND STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION . 13 2.
Recent Progress in Optical Network Design and Control towards Human-Centered Smart Society

SUMMARY In this paper, we investigate the evolution of an optical network architecture and discuss the future direction of research on optical network design and control. We review existing research on optical network design and control and present some open challenges. One of the important open challenges lies in multilayer resource optimization including IT and optical network resources. We propose an adaptive joint optimization method of IT resources and optical spectrum under time-varying traffic demand in optical networks while avoiding an increase in operation cost. We formulate the problem as mixed integer linear programming and then quantitatively evaluate the trade-off relationship between the optimality of reconfiguration and operation cost. We demonstrate that we can achieve sufficient network performance through the adaptive joint optimization while suppressing an increase in operation cost.