Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical analysis of grounding practices for railroad tracks in electric utility stations

This analysis looks for common trends of voltages along railroad tracks in a controlled model of a substation grounding system during a ground fault. Several cases are used to illustrate some of the most common techniques used to limit hazardous voltages, and some of these techniques are found to be quite ineffective. Except for cases in which the tracks near the substation were removed, the potential transferred along the tracks produced several scenarios which resulted in touch and/for step voltages exceeding the tolerable limits. >
Compact and unequal Gysel power divider with dual harmonic rejection and simple structure

This article presents a new design of a compact Gysel power divider with harmonic suppression and unequal power division at the output ports. The proposed design has simple layout with three additional stubs added to the conventional Gysel power divider structure. Moreover, exact closed-form equations are obtained based on the matching and port isolation conditions. Two different designs are simulated and compared with each other so as to investigate the capability of this structure. For demonstration, a microstrip implementation of a 2:1 design operating at 1 GHz with the second and third harmonic suppression is developed. Measurement results show that the attenuation level for the second and third harmonics are −28 and −25 dB, respectively. The proposed power divider features good insertion loss, return loss, and port isolation, while maintaining high-power handling capability over the Wilkinson power divider.
A handheld profile measurement system for high accurate wear measurement of railway wheels

Wear of railway wheels - especially for engines - has to be checked in regular intervals. For this check, some key dimensions of the cross section of the running surface like flange height, flange gradient or flange thickness have to be measured with accuracies in the range of 0.1 mm. State of the art is either the use of mechanical gauges or stationary optical measurement systems where the carriage has to be driven to a maintenance stand in a servicing centre. We present a new technique for building up a small portable hand held measurement system, which allows to perform data acquisition and dimension evaluation in an easy and convenient way by simply freehand scanning the interesting section of the wheel. The technique is based on the laser light sectioning technique. A special setup with multiple laser lines in combination with appropriate algorithms allows to correct errors due to inaccurate sensor slant as well as fusion of measurement data to generate a cross section of the wheel out from multiple partial measurements.
Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Detection using Deep Features Learning

Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic detection considers a critical and challenging task for the doctors. The coronavirus disease spread so rapidly between people and infected roughly fourteen million people worldwide. For this reason, it is very much necessary to detect infected people with coronavirus and take the action to prevent of spread this virus. In this study, the COVID-19 classification methodology is adopted to detect the infected patient with coronavirus using CT images. The deep learning is applied to recognize the affected CT images of COVID-19 from others by employing the deep feature. This methodology can be beneficial for the medical practitioner to diagnosis the infected patient with coronavirus. The result is based on new data collections named BasrahDataset that included different CT scan video for Iraqi patients. The system gives promised results with 99% F1-score for detecting COVID-19.
Modular tissue-specific regulation of doublesex underpins sexually dimorphic development in Drosophila

ABSTRACT The ability of a single genome to produce distinct and often dramatically different male and female forms is one of the wonders of animal development. In Drosophila melanogaster, most sexually dimorphic traits are controlled by sex-specific isoforms of the doublesex (dsx) transcription factor, and dsx expression is mostly limited to cells that give rise to sexually dimorphic traits. However, it is unknown how this mosaic of sexually dimorphic and monomorphic organs arises. Here, we characterize the cis-regulatory sequences that control dsx expression in the foreleg, which contains multiple types of sex-specific sensory organs. We find that separate modular enhancers are responsible for dsx expression in each sexually dimorphic organ. Expression of dsx in the sex comb is co-regulated by two enhancers with distinct spatial and temporal specificities that are separated by a genitalia-specific enhancer. The sex comb-specific enhancer from D. willistoni, a species that primitively lacks sex combs, is not active in the foreleg. Thus, the mosaic of sexually dimorphic and monomorphic organs depends on modular regulation of dsx transcription by dedicated cell type-specific enhancers. Summary: The expression of doublesex in sexually dimorphic structures in Drosophila legs and genitalia is regulated by tissue-specific cis-regulatory elements, providing insight into how cells obtain their sex-specific identity.
Effect of Phosphorus Fertilization on Phytoremediation efficacy of Heavy Metals by Wheat and Bean Plants

A pot experiment was con ducted at the experimental farm of Halabja Technical College of Applied Sciences in July 2017 to July 2018, 2 km north of Halabj a city in the longitude 45°59'40"E and latitude 35°10'28"N. To determine the impact of the use of phytoremedial techniques in the governorate of Halabja on contaminated soil with heavy metals. Soil samples were collected randomly from 15 sites within the solid waste dumping area and control sample, These samples were analyzed for chemical characteristics and concentration of certain heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni), Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The summary of the main results was as follow maximum concentration of heavy metals from soil in bean plant were (Pb and Ni) were (55.4 and 50.1 %) for (TSP 40), (Fe and Cd) were (49.7 and 44.5 %) for (TSP 160) and uptake of Zn increased by (45.6 %) for (TSP 120) compared to control treatment, while wheat plant extracted heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, and Zn) by (60.6, 53.4, 37.1, 37.1, and 26.6 %) respectively for (TSP 160) compared with control treatment. These results evidence that Phytoextraction of (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Fe) by (Bean) plant was much greater than that by (Wheat) from municipally polluted soil after adding phosphorus fertilizer to the soil. This study confirms that (Bean) as one of the plants that could be employed in phytoremediation of soil polluted by heavy metals.
DESIGN CHARTS FOR VERTICAL CUTS

Design charts for three-dimensional vertical cuts are introduced. The charts are based on a variational limit-equilibrium stability analysis. These charts can be used within the framewwork of total- or effective-stress analysis, considering the longitudinal extent of the cut. In addition to the factor of safety against collapse, the charts also provide information regarding the volume of the potentially sliding mass.
New techniques in online research: challenges for research ethics

The possibilities for carrying out online research are growing rapidly, enabling researchers to collect previously unavailable data about online behaviours and interactions. While such techniques provide exciting opportunities for researchers they can present ethical challenges. In this paper we explore these ethical dilemmas with particular reference to the new methods used to explore online virtual environments, the ability to re-use online data from multiple sources and the global reach of the Internet. We conclude by highlighting the key issues that need to be considered by researchers both in terms of developing their own ethical viewpoints as well as the development of future institutional and professional ethical codes of practice for online research.1
Inductive power transfer and FAR‐field radiation with small dual‐band antennas

Although traditional designs achieve performance requirements by placing antennas for separate radio applications far apart to minimize coupling, recent trends require antennas to be placed within close proximity of each other due to space constraints. To enable both near‐field wireless powering and far‐field data communication on a single device, this letter describes the design of small antennas with both Bluetooth and near‐field communication capabilities. The results for three distinct antenna designs indicate that combining disparate field regimes into a single dual‐band antenna can be used to optimize performance for the particular application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1053–1056, 2015
Open-loop tunable resonators and filters with constant bandwidth

This study presents a compact novel design for achieving constant bandwidth tunable filters with wide tuning range. A method for linearising the Q-factor against frequency is proposed. A modified coupling structure is introduced to compensate for variations in filtering characteristic across the theoretical 50% tuning range of the filter. Filter design equations are provided for designing Butterworth or Chebyshev filters. An experimental second-order filter is demonstrated with 22.5% pass-band shift with only 3% bandwidth variation and insertion loss better than 3%dB. Furthermore, a third-order tunable bandpass filter with tuning range of 45% and less than 5% bandwidth variation is illustrated through simulation and modelling to show feasibility with higher filter orders. There is very good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
The research to select test data of black-box component using contract

During the process of component based software development, components must be tested before reused successfully. Test-data generation is an important topic in black-box component testing. The large number of test data will spend plenty of execution time and increase the testing cost. Based on the contracts of black-box component, this paper presents a test data selection method after generated a great deal of initial test cases. First, the contract grammar of blackbox components is defined. Then the method and process of test data selection is presented based on contract. Finally, some experiments are carried out. The results have shown that the number of test data is reduced while shortening the time and keeping the efficiency after twice selection.
Education and marriage synergistically protect oldest old against severe cognitive impairment

Background It is hypothesized that education and marriage are resilience factors protective against senile dementia.Methods We investigated the resilience of elderly persons from dementia by considering the interactions between educational levels and marriage status. Four sociodemographic variables (age, sex, educational level, and marital status) were collected from 1177 elderly Chinese participants, for whom the mini-mental state examination score (MMSE score) was measured and severe cognitive impairment (MMSE score = 0) was identified.Results Lower educational level coupled with being widowed caused a greater risk of severe cognitive impairment (relative risk [RR] 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.82; p < 0.001) for high-age elderly participants (age range: ≥80) than those low-age counterparts (age range: ≥60 and <80). By contrast, higher educational level coupled with being married leveled this age-related risk of cognitive loss (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.65-1.27; p = 0.62). Further findings suggest that synergistically cognitive protection effect for education and marriage was only observed among high-age elderly persons, instead of among low-age ones.Conclusions Being well-educated and being married synergistically protected delayed cognitive function for elderly people. However, longevity is a prerequisite for realizing this benefit.
Towards A Multi-FPGA Infrared Simulator

High speed infrared (IR) scene simulation is used extensively in defense and homeland security to test sensitivity of IR cameras and accuracy of IR threat detection and tracking algorithms used commonly in IR missile approach warning systems (MAWS). A typical MAWS requires an input scene rate of over 100 scenes/second. Infrared scene simulations typically take 32 minutes to simulate a single IR scene that accounts for effects of atmospheric turbulence, refraction, optical blurring and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera electronic noise on a Pentium 4 (2.8GHz) dual core processor [7]. Thus, in IR scene simulation, the processing power of modern computers is a limiting factor. In this paper we report our research to accelerate IR scene simulation using high performance reconfigurable computing. We constructed a multi Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware acceleration platform and accelerated a key computationally intensive IR algorithm over the hardware acceleration platform. We were successful in reducing the computation time of IR scene simulation by over 36%. This research acts as a unique case study for accelerating large scale defense simulations using a high performance multi-FPGA reconfigurable computer.
FÁILTE GO SLÁINTE: UNDERSTANDING THE TOURIST EXPERIENCE CONCEPT

The Tourism Policy Review Group’s “Vision for Irish Tourism 2003-2012” identified that tourism is increasingly driven by more demanding customer requirements, emphasising the need for the Irish tourism industry to provide compelling tourist experiences. In parallel, there has been an emerging consensus in the experience and service development literature that it is not sufficient to invest money in the design of a service, the focus must be on the design and implementation of memorable personal experiences that meet or exceed the expectations of customers (Smith & Wheeler, 2002). However, despite the importance the literature ascribes to the experience concept there is an imbalance in existing work as the area of experiential tourism services has dealt primarily with the characteristics of experiences (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2004; Gupta & Vajic, 2000; Carbone & Haeckel, 1994), or on the enhancers and inhibitors to experience delivery (Anderson et al., 2008) or on the benefits of experience delivery (Voss, 2004; Pullman & Gross, 2004) but with scant attention to conceptualising the tourist experience. It is widely acknowledged that the field of experience creation and design would benefit from further theoretical investigation (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2000; Pullman and Gross, 2003; Stuart and Tax, 2004). Drawing from prior work found in the tourism, services, management, marketing, and policy literatures and documents, this paper aims to explore the nature of the tourist experience concept from both an academic and practice perspective in an attempt to develop an integrated understanding of the experience concept. In essence, the primary objective of this paper is to dissect the experience concept proposed by both literature and policy in order to identify its key dimensions from the perspective of the firm. Key words: tourism, experience concept, small firm
Three-Dimensional Flow Within a Turbine Cascade Passage

Detailed measurements of the subsonic flow in a large-scale, plane turbine cascade were made to evaluate the three-dimensional nature of the flow field. Tests were conducted at a passage aspect ratio of 1.0 with a collateral inlet boundary layer. Flow visualization was done on airfoil and endwall surfaces. Velocity and pressure measurements were taken before and behind the cascade and in six axial planes within a cascade passage, using a five-hole probe. Hot wire measurements were taken in the endwall boundary layer within the cascade passage. The characteristics of the endwall boundary layer are presented, showing that three-dimensional separation is an important feature of end-wall flow. A large part of the endwall boundary layer was found to be very thin when compared to the cascade inlet boundary layer. Data showing the growth of aerodynamic loss through the passage are discussed.
Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change

This is a useful and creative book, summarizing considerable experience and constructive ideas about ways to cut carbon emissions in cities and increase their resilience at the same time. The book starts with the philosophical meta-question of whether we should be driven by fear or hope. Given that fear can paralyze, the book focuses on positive stories of how more resilient cities can be created. After describing four scenarios of city futures, from collapse to resilience, the book moves into the detail of developing resilience, examining the built environment and transport close up, before concluding with a checklist of 10 strategic steps towards urban resilience. The book’s motivating chapters raise the important question of whether (and when) major forces will drive cities worldwide towards a more resilient model. The authors argue that cities face a ‘double whammy’ of peak oil and climate change constraints. Rapidly tightening constraints on oil (‘peak oil’) will, they maintain, be the primary driving force. The authors summon some persuasive evidence on oil supplies, and this is reinforced by recent evidence that we have reached some sort of conventional oil peak (Birol, 2011; Murray & King, 2012). Newman and co-authors also remark that there is a correspondence between the supply side (50% reduction in oil production) and the demand side (a need to cut carbon emissions globally by 50% by 2050). Nevertheless, the weight of their motivational argument centres on oil. On climate, 50% emission cuts are almost certainly not going to be enough. The developing science suggests that greenhouse emissions will probably need to be cut around 90% or more, rather than 50%, by 2050 in developed countries, which are the countries Newman and colleagues are mainly talking of. Even in 2007, the IPCC pointed to developed countries needing to make 80–95% cuts. The rising physical likelihood of going beyond the guardrail of 2 degrees Celsius of warming, and the increasing economic and political difficulty of keeping on the safe side of this guardrail are hugely disturbing (Anderson & Bows, 2011; Rogelj et al., 2010). On the energy supply side, opinions differ on fossil fuel reserves: scientists such as James Hansen (Hansen, 2009, Figure 22) point out that there are plenty of oil, gas and coal reserves left with which to dangerously damage our climate system. A big risk is replacement of oil by more carbonintensive substitutes such as gas from fracking or coal-based synfuels (Leaton, 2008; Proost, 2008). If emission cuts of around 90% are needed, then the imperative for early action from the climate side is much stronger, and action should be focused on all possible demand-side ways to make CO2 cuts, leaving the oil supply problem to ‘take care of itself’. For example, modelling by Bollen and colleagues (Bollen et al., 2010) concludes that climate policy together with Journal of Urban Design, Vol. 17. No. 2, 301–312, May 2012
Fully integrated concurrent dual-band low noise amplifier with suspended inductors in SiGe 0.35 μm BiCMOS technology

A fully integrated concurrent dual-band low noise amplifier with suspended inductors is reported. Wideband input impedance matching and wideband low noise characteristics are achieved by the proposed capacitive feedback technique simultaneously. Measurement results show input return losses of -12.8 and -11.5 dB, voltage gains of 14.4 and 14.3 dB, and noise figures of 2.5 and 3.0 measured at 2.3 and 4.5 GHz, respectively, with an image rejection ratio of 26.1 dB and power consumption of 11.9 mW.
Design of combline and interdigital filters with tapped-line input

Explicit design equations for combline and interdigital filters with tapped-line inputs are presented. The equations are based on an equivalent circuit for a tapped-line input filter, derived from the open-wire-line equivalent circuit given by E.G. Cristal (ibid., vol.23, no.12, p.1007-113, 1975). Using the new equivalent circuit, explicit expressions are given for all parameters of the circuit. The design equations are checked by an analysis program. The results are compared to the data given by M. Dishal (ibid., vol.13, no.9, p.696-8, 1965) and E.G. Cristal. >
Trends of permanent‐magnet synchronous machine drives

This paper presents recent trends of permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive technologies in Japan. Since the PMSM drives have many advantages over other drives, e.g. high efficiency, high power density, etc., many of the motor applications have been changing their power sources to the PMSMs. Particularly, interior permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) are epoch‐making and are intensively studied among researchers, scientists and engineers. According to the survey of the recent innovative technical trends, the PMSM drive technologies have been making a remarkable advancement in the fields of analysis‐and‐design techniques, various sensorless‐control techniques, power converter control techniques, and application specific drive systems. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computational Investigations in the Trailing Edge Region of Cooled Turbine Vane: Comparison of Different Channel Shapes

Thermal hydraulic characteristics of coolant flow through passages consisting of rib turbulators, pin fin array and trailing edge slot are reported. Channels of straight, trapezoidal and curved shapes are considered. Continuity, momentum and energy equations for a three dimensional incompressible flows are solved. A constant heat flux value is specified over the coolant channel walls, rib surfaces and circumferential faces of the pin-fins. Total pressure loss coefficient, pin end-wall and pin surface averaged Nusselt number are estimated and presented for the pin array, for Reynolds number ranging from 20,000 to 40,000. Cambered channels showed highest pin end wall averaged heat transfer than trapezoidal channel, which is higher than the straight channel. © 2007 ASME
Novel diplexer using composite right/left‐handed transmission lines

A new type of notch filter based on a balanced composite right/left‐handed (CRLH) transmission line is proposed. Combining such two notch filters with a Y‐junction divider, a novel diplexer is designed and studied. The diplexer has a wide and flat‐top pass‐band and very good isolation between the two outputs. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results are given and they agree with each other. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2970–2973, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23851
Alternate Arm Converter (AAC) operation under faulted AC-grid conditions

This paper presents an AC-grid fault ride-through control strategy for a recently proposed modular multilevel Voltage Source Converter (VSC) named the Alternate Arm Converter (AAC). The primary purpose of the control strategy is to ensure that power balance can be maintained between the AC- and DC-terminals of the AAC. Therefore, the sub-module capacitor voltages can remain regulated. A set of simulation results for a line-line fault is presented.