Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turtle Eggs from the Lower Cretaceous Hasandong Formation (South Korea) with Relict Aragonite under Significant Thermal Maturity

ABSTRACT Unlike the eggshells of other amniotes, turtle eggshells are composed of aragonite, which is a metastable mineral. Turtle eggshells in the fossil record are therefore usually transformed to calcite. Geothermal heat also negatively affects the preservation of aragonite, and therefore the preservation of aragonite under geothermal settings is not usually expected. Here we report new turtle eggs from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) Hasandong Formation of South Korea, describing the morphological features of the eggs and eggshells. The eggs belong to an oogenus Testudoolithus with the smallest recorded egg size. As one of the oldest fossil eggs from Korea, this material fills a paleobiogeographic gap in the fossil record of turtle eggs in East Asia, which has limited records for the eggs of non-dinosaurian reptiles. More importantly, the presence of relict aragonite was cross-validated by electron backscatter diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectra of the thermally altered organic matter inside the eggshells indicated that the eggs experienced a maximum temperature of almost 260°C during their taphonomic history. This implies that aragonite can be preserved even under hostile thermal conditions and earlier reports of ‘calcite-only’ turtle fossil eggs may preserve undetected relict aragonite, which is only detectable via careful investigation using advanced microscopic techniques. The combined use of mineralogical and spectroscopic approaches adopted in this study may also be useful to invertebrate paleontology and archeology to further understand the relationship between the preservation of aragonite and the maximum paleotemperature that the materials experienced.
Speed Regulation for PMSM with Super-Twisting Sliding-Mode Controller via Disturbance Observer

This paper focuses on the speed regulation of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with an uncertain extended load disturbance. A novel super-twisting sliding-mode control (NSTSMC) was proposed via a nonlinear integral sliding surface and a modified reaching law, effectively suppressing the chattering phenomenon. In addition, the NSTSMC can improve the convergence performance with a 0.04 s settling time, satisfying the super-twisting algorithm stability condition. For the novel integral sliding surface, the integral power term of the system state variables was incorporated into the conventional sliding surface to effectively improve the convergence rate and anti-disturbance ability. Moreover, an extended sliding-mode disturbance observer (ESO) was used to estimate the lumped extended disturbance and add the corresponding feedback compensation value from the sliding-mode disturbance observer to the output of the speed controller for the improved robustness of the system. The ESO-NSTSMC was developed to improve the performance of PMSM speed regulation by combining the advantages of the novel integral sliding surface, achieving a settling time of 0.01 s without overshoot. We confirm the performance of the proposed NSTSMC through a PMSM speed simulation and demonstrate that the controller can enhance the dynamic performance and robustness of the system.
Investigating US Healthcare Referral System with Graph Neural Networks

To understand the referral pattern in the healthcare system, I construct the patient-sharing network and explore its predictive power of network structure on future referrals. Using the data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), which contains a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in 2008 and their insurance claims from 2008 to 2010, I can analyze how patients' cost of treatment varies according to different factors. While constructing a large-scale network based on the data, I employ different graph neural network algorithms, including Node2vec, Attri2vec, and graphSAGE, to extract link predictions and node embeddings from the network structure. Moreover, I compare the three algorithms' accuracy, concluding that Attri2vec has the highest accuracy when applying the model to our test dataset. Last, I show that medical referrals can be automated for efficient mechanism design for cost-saving and efficiency improvement as well as promoting diversity and inclusions. In conclusion, the node embeddings of prediction power show how useful they are for describing the referral pattern through time. These embeddings successfully identify potential connections among physicians and patients that open up new avenues for the referral system.
Chromospheric Leakage of Alfvén Waves in Coronal Loops

The recently observed rapid damping of coronal loop oscillations generated discussion regarding the physical mechanism responsible for the damping, with the leakage into the chromosphere suggested as one of the possible mechanisms. I study the leakage of Alfvén waves into the chromospheric footpoints of a coronal loop using the nonlinear viscoresistive 1.5-dimensional MHD model. The waves were launched by an initial transverse velocity profile in the loop. I find that the leakage time of long-wavelength transverse oscillations, such as the ones observed recently by the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), is 5 times longer than the observed damping time of the oscillations. For the loop recently observed by TRACE, I conclude that the observed damping of the long-wavelength oscillations is not due to leakage into the chromosphere. However, depending on particular chromospheric and coronal properties, chromospheric leakage may be significant in some events of coronal loop oscillations.
Effect of LiTFSI Electrolyte Salt Composition on Characteristics of PVDF-PEO-LiTFSI-Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) for Lithium-Ion Battery

A lithium-ion battery with PVDF-PEO synthetic polymer sheet added by LiTFSI electrolyte salt has been made by assembling method. This study aims to determine the effect of LiTFSI salt concentration on the performance of lithium-ion batteries. The composition of LiTFSI electrolyte salts was varied into 5%; 10%; 15%; and 20%. Several characterizations were carried out to determine battery performance, including Electrochemical Impedance Spectrometry (ElS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Charge/Discharge (CD), and Lithium Transference Number (LTN). The results showed that the synthesized separator sheet with a LiTFSI salt composition of 20% producing voltage, ionic conductivity, and lithium-ion transfer number of 0.72 V; 3.94 x 10-8 SCm-1; and 0.895, respectively is potential for lithium-ion batteries application. These results indicate the use of LiTFSI electrolyte salts with a concentration of 20% shows the best performance for PVDF-PEO-LiTFSI-based lithium-ion batteries.
High-Fidelity Light Field Reconstruction Method Using View-Selective Angular Feature Extraction

Deep learning (DL) provides an effective approach for light field (LF) reconstruction that aims to synthesize novel views from sparsely-sampled views. However, it is challenging to address domain asymmetry when adopting spatial-angular interaction LF reconstruction methods. To overcome this problem, a view-selective angular feature extraction block (VS-LFAFE) is proposed to obtain full-resolution angular features that enumerate whole viewpoints in a macropixel. By applying the VS-LFAFE, a novel LF reconstruction method is proposed, consisting of two subblocks: a spatial-angular feature extraction and fusion block, and an angular upsampling block. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the VS-LFAFE, and validate that the proposed method can achieve superior performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
The physics and chemistry of the L134N molecular core

The dark cloud L134N is studied in detail via millimeter- and centimeter-wavelength emission-line spectra. A high-density core of molecular gas exists in L134N which has a kinetic temperature of about 12 K, a peak molecular hydrogen density of about 10 exp 4.5/cu cm, and a mass of about 23 solar. The core may be the site of future star formation. Maps of emission from (C-18)O, CS, H(C-13)O(+), SO, NH3, and C3H2 reveal morphologically different distributions resulting in part from both varying physical conditions within the cloud and optical depth effects. Significant differences also exist which are probably due to chemical abundance variations. A consistent set of LTE chemical abundances has been estimated at as many as seven positions, which can be used to constrain chemical models of dark clouds. 73 refs.
Extensões e interpretações combinatorias para os numeros de Fibonacci, Pell e Jacobsthal

In this work we provide the proof for six conjectures given by Santos related to the Rogers-Ramanujan type identities of numbers 16, 12, 71, 68, 22 e 26 in Slater’s list. Using these results it was possible to obtain extensions of the Fibonacci, Pell and Jacobsthal sequences. Furthermore we give a proof of an explicit formula for these sequences in terms of the trinomial coefficientes. Various new combinatorial interpretations for these sequences, in terms of restricted partitions, Frobenius symbol and colored partitions, are given. We establish also connections between Fibonacci numbers and binary sequences and between Jacobsthal numbers and ternary sequences.
Dynamic Strain Localization in Fluid‐Saturated Porous Media

The fluid‐saturated medium is viewed as a two‐phase continuum consisting of a solid porous skeleton with interconnected voids that are filled with a perfect fluid, and the formulation based on the theory of mixtures. Conditions for dynamic strain localization to occur in the rate‐independent elastic‐plastic saturated porous solid are first discussed. In particular, it is shown that the existence of a stationary discontinuity is only dependent upon the material properties of the underlying drained porous solid skeleton. Viscoplasticity is then introduced as a general procedure to regularize the elastic‐plastic porous solid, especially for those situations in which the underlying inviscid drained material exhibits instabilities that preclude meaningful analysis of the initial‐value problem. Rate‐dependency naturally introduces a length scale that sets the width of the shear bands in which the deformations localize and high strain gradients prevail. Then, provided that the element size is appropriate for an .
Spinal Schwannomatosis Mimicking Metastatic Extramedullary Spinal Tumor

Intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors are the most commonly observed intraspinal tumors, comprising over 60% of tumors found within the spinal canal, and the vast majority of these lesions are benign lesions. IDEM metastases are rare, but if they occur, they commonly manifest as leptomeningeal disease, secondary to drop lesions from intracranial metastases from adenocarcinomas of the lung, prostate cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, or rarely, as a result of lymphomas. The purely non-neurogenic origin of IDEM metastases is rare. Herein, we describe a patient with a previous history of treated colon cancer who presented with a progressive neurological deficit and whose imaging revealed multiple intradural, extramedullary and osseous lesions at the cervical and thoracolumbar spines. With the previous known primary and multiplicity of the lesions, an initial diagnosis of spinal metastasis was made, But it was proven to be schwannoma on histology. We emphasize the diagnostic dilemma in this case and the importance of detecting subtle imaging findings, which may be helpful to differentiate between metastatic disease and a second primary tumor.
Nematic liquid crystal clad tapered optical fiber with temperature sensing properties

We discuss the thermal and optical properties of the lyotropic liquid crystal decylammonium chloride/water/NH4Cl (DACl‐LLC) from −40 to 80 °C. Combined use of DACl‐LLC and highly tapered monomode optical fibers allows sensing of temperature (from room temperature up to 65 °C).
A modified nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm for unconstrained optimization and portfolio selection problems

Conjugate gradient methods play a vital role in finding solutions of large-scale optimization problems due to their simplicity to implement, low memory requirements and as well as their convergence properties. In this paper, we propose a new conjugate gradient method that has a direction satisfying the sufficient descent property. We establish global convergence of the new method under the strong Wolfe line search conditions. Numerical results show that the new method performs better than other relevant methods in the literature. Furthermore, we use the new method to solve a portfolio selection problem.
A Digital Archive of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover, November 1966 through December 1980

The purpose of this article is to acquaint the research community with a new data base—a digitized archive of Northern Hemisphere snow cover. Historically, those researchers who needed snow cover data for climatic and atmospheric boundary layer studies have had to rely on the irregularly spaced (and in some regions, sparse) grid of point observations. Northern Hemisphere Weekly Snow and Ice Cover Charts, which are created from analyzed satellite imagery at the National Earth Satellite Service (NESS), have been available on an operational basis since late 1966. Each of these weekly charts for the period November 1966 through December 1980 was digitized and stored in a new data archive. Snow cover area and snow cover frequency climatologies were created and examples are presented. The significance of this unique data archive is examined by comparing the 14-year mean annual snow cover frequency climatology with several published snow cover climatologies. The potential uses for this data archive in meteorolog.
Application of QR Code for Localization and Navigation of Indoor Mobile Robot

Localization is essential for the autonomous navigation of a mobile robot. Because the error of the internal dead-reckoning localization increases with time, the localization error should be corrected periodically using external environmental information. This study presents a practical application of Quick Response (QR) codes to correct the localization error by combining the external QR code information and the internal encoder values. Each QR code contains the information of its own global coordinates and is attached as a one-dimensional array on vertical, thus walls reducing the number of QR codes required for localization. Whenever a QR code is detected and decoded by the mobile robot, the relative transformation between the QR code and the robot can be computed and the pose estimation for the robot is corrected by the extended Kalman filter. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the localization and autonomous navigation of the mobile robot. The influence of the distance between adjacent QR codes in the environment on the localization performance was also addressed and verified by experiments.
CONTROL OF CHAOTIC ADVECTION

A method of chaos reduction for Hamiltonian systems is applied to control chaotic advection. By adding a small and simple term to the stream function of the system, the construction of invariant tori has a stabilization effect in the sense that these tori act as barriers to diffusion in phase space and the controlled Hamiltonian system exhibits a more regular behaviour.
Bayesian assessment of times to diagnosis in breast cancer screening

Breast cancer is one of the diseases with the most profound impact on health in developed countries and mammography is the most popular method for detecting breast cancer at a very early stage. This paper focuses on the waiting period from a positive mammogram until a confirmatory diagnosis is carried out in hospital. Generalized linear mixed models are used to perform the statistical analysis, always within the Bayesian reasoning. Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are applied for estimation by simulating the posterior distribution of the parameters and hyperparameters of the model through the free software WinBUGS.
Association of Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Musculoskeletal Function in Acute Coronary Syndrome Ward Inpatients

This study explored the association of multiple risk factors with musculoskeletal function in adults hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome. Sixty-nine inpatients (55 ± 6 years; 67% male) admitted to the cardiology ward within <12 h were assessed regarding stress, smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. The musculoskeletal function was assessed by predicted values of handgrip strength of the dominant hand (HGS-D%) and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP% and MEP%, respectively). After adjustment by age and sex, drinking habits showed the strongest linear association with the total number of cardiovascular disease risk factors [standardized ß, p-value] (ß = 0.110, p < 0.001), followed by smoking load (ß = 0.028, p = 0.009). Associations were also observed for HGS-D% with mean blood pressure (ß = 0.019 [0.001; 0.037], p = 0.048); MIP% with mean blood pressure (ß = 0.025 [0.006; 0.043], p = 0.013); and MEP% with drinking habits (ß = 0.009 [0.002; 0.016], p = 0.013) and body mass index (ß = 0.008 [0.000; 0.015], p = 0.035). Peripheral and respiratory muscle strength must be interpreted in the context of its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome.
Mechanical behavior of metallic glasses

This is a review of the present knowledge of the mechanical behavior of metallic glasses. It begins with a brief discussion of their structures and how these relate to the small change (about 1%) in mass density that occurs when a metallic glass is crystallized. Then the elastic, anelastic, plastic, and strength properties are reviewed. Mechanisms of plastic flow are discussed. A quantitative dislocation model that successfully predicts the observed yield stresses is presented. Needs for producing future understanding are outlined.
Application of a genetic algorithm to feature selection under full validation conditions and to outlier detection

Genetic algorithms have been proved to be a very efficient method in the feature selection problem. However, as for every other method, if the validation of the results is performed in an incomplete way, erroneous conclusions can be drawn. In this paper a development of a previous genetic algorithm is presented so that a full validation of the results can be obtained. Furthermore, this algorithm has been shown to perform very well also as an outlier detector, allowing easy identification of the presence of outliers even in cases where the ‘classical’ techniques fail.
Field-free orientation of CO by a terahertz few-cycle pulse

The field-free molecular orientation of CO by a terahertz few-cycle pulse was studied theoretically. The effects of the laser intensity and pulse duration on the molecular orientation, which is created by the terahertz few-cycle pulse, were discussed. Furthermore, it was shown that the enhancement or suppression of the molecular orientation can be coherently manipulated by precisely controlling the carrier-envelope phase of the terahertz few-cycle pulse. Compared with other orientation techniques, better orientation can be achieved by a terahertz few-cycle pulse at lower intensities.
Safety and Feasibility of a Fast-Track Monitoring Protocol for Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy

Introduction:Our health care systems continue to face significant strain due to chronically taxed intensive care resources. A subgroup of post-thrombolytic stroke patients may not require prolonged intensive monitoring, alleviating some burden. Here we describe the safety, feasibility, and utility of a Fast-Track Protocol (FTP) for early de-escalation of high-acuity monitoring. Methods:We compared a prospective cohort of FTP patients at our stroke centers from April 2020 February 2022 to a similar retrospective cohort. Those on presentation with NIHSS < 10 and without large vessel occlusion or flow-limiting stenosis, intravenous anti-hypertensive use, and any hemodynamic or respiratory concerns were eligible. Primary outcomes included early neurologic deterioration, defined as worsening of NIHSS 4-points at 24 hours, parenchymal hemorrhage, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Results:Of 574 thrombolysis patients, 119 (21%) were eligible for FTP. One hundred (88%) were included for analysis. The median IQR hospitalization was 2.0 1.6 days. None of the four patients with early neurologic deterioration were due to hemorrhage. No symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages occurred, and no FTP patients were transferred back to the ICU. Median IQR 90-day modified Rankin scale was 1 1. Discussion:FTP is a safe and feasible strategy to triage ICU patients and decrease unnecessary ICU monitoring. This is important in a post-pandemic era as ICU resources continue to fluctuate. Future studies are needed to establish the optimal level of monitoring in post thrombolytic patients.
Agile Micro-nano Satellite Attitude Estimation with Lost Measurements

Aiming at the problem of lost measurement in attitude determination process of the agile micro-nano satellite, a novel algorithm is proposed employing the Bernoulli process to describe the loss process. Firstly,the model of gyro and star sensors as well as the satellite attitude estimation system simplified with gyro is given. Since the missing observations, the modified EKF algorithm is derived by combining a Bernoulli random variable and a real-time measurement noise correction algorithm. Then the convergence of the improved algorihtm is analyzed, and the bottom boundary condition for the observation arrival rate is presented. Finally, the improved method is compared with the conventional one through digital simulation, and the experimental results show that the preciseness of the privious one is one or two orders improved compared with the latter.
Optimization Design of Thin Wall Angular Contact Ball Bearing Based on MATLAB Genetic Algorithm

The bearing for industrial robots is desired to have a long service life. To address that, an optimization study was conducted on a thin wall angular contact ball bearing used for a robot. Firstly, an optimization model was established with the basic rated life as the objective function and the curvature radius coefficient of the inner ring groove, curvature radius coefficient of the outer ring groove, ball diameter, pitch diameter, and the number of balls as the design variables. Then, taking the angular contact ball bearing ZR76/82C as an example, the optimization model was solved quickly based on a genetic algorithm via MATLAB software in two ways: calling the ga function and optimization toolbox, and the optimal structural parameters of the bearing were obtained. After the optimization, the basic rated life of the bearing was increased by 52%. The orthogonal test optimization design method was applied to validate the calculations, and the validation results showed that the two optimization results were very close to each other. The results show that the two approaches based on MATLAB genetic algorithm are efficient and feasible for solving optimization issues, and are of reference value for the study of solving other optimization issues.
Continuity Properties of Operator Spectra

This paper is devoted to the study of convergence and variation of operator spectra with respect to the distance G of Gokhburg and Markus [5] for subspaces and linear operators in a Banach space. We use the convention of Kato [7] and refer to convergence with respect to G as generalized convergence.