Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Búsqueda de neutrinos pesados vía vértices desplazados en procesos de fusión de bosones vectoriales en colisionadores

The Standard Model (SM) is the theory that describes elementary particles and their fundamental interactions. In the Standard Model neutrinos are massless particles. Nevertheless, this has been proven wrong by neutrino oscillation experiments. Neutrinos possess mass, but several orders of magnitude below those of the other SM fermions. This invites the consideration of new physics, beyond that described by the SM, that could explain the smallness of neutrino mass. This is achieved, in particular, in the Type-1 Seesaw model, which is the focus of this work. Neutrinos are especially difficult to detect in colliders, since they are chargeless, they leave no tracks, and no energy in the calorimeters. However, if massive enough, these new neutrinos can decay into charged particles inside the collider, which results in tracks with displaced vertices. A complete analysis of this processes is required in order to characterize the parameters of these new particles. In this work we use the MonteCarlo simulation program MadGraph to study the relevant processes that involve these neutrinos. The principal objective of this work is to define the probability to observe the heavy neutrinos as Higgs decay products in the LHC (and HL-LHC), when they have been produced via vector boson fusion (VBF) and are in the section of parameter space useful for displaced vertices.
THE UNIQUENESS OF PLANT MITOCHONDRIA

INTRODUCTION . 371 ORGANIZATION OF THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN . 373 Respiration-Linked Oxidation of External NAD(P)H. 373 Rotenone-Insensitive Oxidation of Internal NADH Dehydrogenase . 377 Cyanide-Insensitive Electron Pathway . 379 Energetics of Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation . 384 M ETABOLIC EXCHANGE B ETWEEN THE MITOCHONDRION AND THE CyTOSOL . 385 Oxaloacetate Carrier. 386 Glutamate and Aspartate Transport. 389 Cofactor Uptake by Plant Mitochondria . 389 MATRIX ENZyMES . 393 Malate Oxidation . 393 Glycine Oxidation. 397 PLANT MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME: MOLECULAR ORGANIZATION AND EXPRESSION . 400 FINAL COMMENTS. 403
Characterization of photovoltaic solar energy systems in a Colombian region Caracterización de sistemas de energía solar fotovoltaica en una región colombiana

Objective: To establish a baseline about the solar photovoltaic energy systems installed in the department of Caldas, Colombia. Methodology: The solar photovoltaic installations were identified from secondary sources of information, followed by field visits to collect information on the characteristics of these systems. An evaluation instrument was designed consisting of 6 categories which was subsequently evaluated by expert peers. It was applied accompanied by interviews with owners of the identified systems. Results: 41 solar photovoltaic systems were identified and installed in 11 municipalities of Caldas. Data was collected from 28 installations with different characteristics. 50% of the solar photovoltaic systems are in the Central-South region of Caldas. 71% of the systems are mainly installed in the urban area; 64% correspond to small-scale isolated solar photovoltaic energy generation systems, with a maximum power of less than 600W. These installations have become a viable energy alternative for the region and are being used especially for lighting and the operation of household appliances in residences, hotels, restaurants, and educational institutions. Conclusions: Although regulations on solar energy installations had not been established, these systems have already been implemented in the department in a successful, but moderate, manner.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Comorbidities on Elderly Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Wards: Data from the RePoSi Registry

Background: Currently, diabetes represents the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with a significant economic burden. The number and severity of comorbidities increase with age, and are identified as important determinants that influence the prognosis. We aimed to investigate comorbidities and outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized elderly patients affected by diabetes. Methods: In this observational study, we retrospectively analyzed data collected from the REgistro dei pazienti per lo studio delle POlipatologie e politerapie in reparti della rete Simi (RePoSi) registry. Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory findings were considered. The association between variables and in-hospital and 1-year follow-up were analyzed. Results: Among 4708 in-patients, 1378 (29.3%) had a diagnosis of diabetes. Patients with diabetes had more previous hospitalization, a clinically significant disability, and more need for a urinary catheter in comparison with subjects without diabetes. Patients affected by diabetes took more drugs, both at admission, at in-hospital stay, at discharge, and at 1-year follow-up. Thirty-five comorbidities were more frequent in patients with diabetes, and the first five were hypertension (57.1%), ischemic heart disease (31.4%), chronic renal failure (28.8%), atrial fibrillation (25.6%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22.7%). Heart rate was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality. At 1-year follow-up, cancer and male sex were strongly independently associated with mortality. Conclusions: Our findings showed the severity of the impact of diabetes and its comorbidities in the real life of internal medicine and geriatric wards, and provide data to be used for a better tailored management of elderly in-patients with diabetes.
Magnetic effects on the viscous boundary layer damping of the r-modes in neutron stars

This paper explores the effects that magnetic fields have on the viscous boundary layers (VBLs) that can form in neutron stars at the crust-core interface, and it investigates the VBL damping of the gravitational-radiation driven r-mode instability. Approximate solutions to the magnetohydrodynamic equations valid in the VBL are found for ordinary-fluid neutron stars. It is shown that magnetic fields above 10{sup 9}(10{sup 10} K/T)G significantly change the structure of the VBL, and that magnetic fields decrease the VBL damping time. Furthermore, VBL damping completely suppresses the r-mode instability for B{approx}>10{sup 12} G (independent of the temperature). These bounds refer to the strength of the radial component of the equilibrium field at the location of the core radius. Magnetic effects on the VBL vanish wherever the radial component of the equilibrium field vanishes. Thus, magnetic fields will profoundly affect the VBL damping of the r-mode instability in hot young pulsars (that are cool enough to have formed a solid crust). One can speculate that magnetic fields can affect the VBL damping of this instability in low-mass x-ray binary systems and other cold old pulsars (if they have sufficiently large internal fields).
Anxiety Sensitivity and Tobacco Use: A Transdiagnostic Approach

Background: In recent years, several studies have found a relationship between transdiagnostic variables, such as anxiety sensitivity (AS) and tobacco use and smoking cessation. Method: In this line, the aim was twofold: 1) to analyze sex differences in variables related to tobacco and AS and 2) to examine the mediating effect of AS. For this purpose, the sample consisted of 340 smokers (M age = 33.59 years, SD = 11.98, 68.5% women). Results: The results showed that men smoked more cigarettes per day and women had higher levels of total, physical, and cognitive AS. The structural equation model confirmed that AS is a mediator variable between the number of cigarettes per day and nicotine dependence, and the number of previous cessation attempts. Conclusions: These findings suggest that transdiagnostic variables, such as AS, and sex differences, must be taken into account in smoking cessation interventions
Alterations in the stomatognathic system due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Abstract Objectives: To compare the molar bite force, electromyographic activity, chewing efficiency and thickness of the masseter and temporalis muscles in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and healthy individuals. Material and Methods: Thirty individuals enrolled in the study were divided into the study group (with ALS, n=15) and control group (healthy individuals, n=15). Data regarding molar bite force (right and left), electromyographic activity (mandibular rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, and maximum voluntary contraction), chewing efficiency (habitual and non-habitual), and masticatory muscle thickness (rest and maximum voluntary contraction) were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis (Student’s t-test, p≤0.05). Results: Comparisons between the groups demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the electromyographic activity of the right masseter (p=0.03) and left masseter (p=0.03) muscles during mandibular rest; left masseter (p=0.00), right temporalis (p=0.00), and left temporalis (p=0.03) muscles during protrusion; and right masseter (p=0.00), left masseter (p=0.00), and left temporalis (p=0.00) muscles during left laterality, in individuals with ALS as compared with healthy individuals. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the habitual chewing efficiency of the right masseter (p=0.00) and right temporalis (p=0.04) muscles in individuals with ALS. No statistically significant difference between the groups was found the masticatory muscle thickness and maximal molar bite force. Conclusions: ALS may lead to modifications in the activities of the stomatognathic system, including muscular hyperactivity and reduction in chewing efficiency; however, no change has been observed in the masticatory muscle thickness and molar bite force.
Bioacoustic differentiation in Painted frogs (Discoglossus)

Advertisement calls of the Discoglossus-species D. pictus, D. sardus, D. galganoi, and D. montalentii were studied. In comparison with all other species, the advertisement call of D. montalentii is completely dif- ferent. The frequency spectrum displays a harmonic structure and resembles a Bombina-ca\\, while advertise- ment calls of the other Discoglossus species are mostly unharmonious. D. pictus auritus and D. pictus pictus show a great similarity of call patterns. D. galganoi is characterized by the longest call duration. The call of a red- backed Discoglossus with the vague locality "Sardinia", here named ilD. spec. ", differed substantially from the calls of D. sardus and any other studied specimen. The complex situation regarding the distribution of different Tyrrhenian Discoglossus phenotypes is discussed in this context.
Small Hazard-free Transducers

Recently, an unconditional exponential separation between the hazard-free complexity and (standard) circuit complexity of explicit functions has been shown~\cite{ikenmeyer18complexity}. This raises the question: which classes of functions permit efficient hazard-free circuits? Our main result is as follows. A \emph{transducer} is a finite state machine that transcribes, symbol by symbol, an input string of length $n$ into an output string of length $n$. We prove that any function arising from a transducer with $s$ states receiving input symbols encoded by $\ell$ bits has a hazard-free circuit of size $2^{O(s+\ell)}\cdot n$ and depth $O(\ell+ s\cdot \log n)$; in particular, if $s, \ell\in O(1)$, size and depth are asymptotically optimal. We utilize our main result to derive efficient circuits for \emph{$k$-recoverable addition}. Informally speaking, a code is \emph{$k$-recoverable} if it does not increase uncertainty regarding the encoded value, so long as it is guaranteed that it is from $\{x,x+1,\ldots,x+k\}$ for some $x\in \mathbb{N}_0$. We provide an asymptotically optimal $k$-recoverable code. We also realize a transducer with $O(k)$ states that adds two codewords from this $k$-recoverable code. Combined with our main result, we obtain a hazard-free adder circuit of size $2^{O(k)}n$ and depth $O(k\log n)$ with respect to this code, i.e., a $k$-recoverable adder circuit that adds two codewords of $n$ bits each. In other words, $k$-recoverable addition is fixed-parameter tractable with respect to $k$. We then reduce the maximum size of the state machines involved to $O(1)$, resulting in a circuit for $k$-recoverable addition of size $O(n+k\log k)$ and depth $O(\log n)$. Thus, if the uncertainties of each of the addends span intervals of length $O(n/\log n)$, there is an \emph{asymptotically optimal} adder that attains the best possible output uncertainty.
Long river profiles, tectonism, and eustasy: A guide to interpreting fluvial terraces

Along three rivers at the Mendocino triple junction, northern California, strath, cut, and fill terraces have formed in response to tectonic and eustatic processes. Detailed surveying and radiometric dating at multiple sites indicate that lower reaches of the rivers are dominated by the effects of oscillating sea level, primarily aggradation and formation of fill terraces during sea level high stands, alternating with deep incision during low stands. A eustasy-driven deposi- tional wedge extends tens of kilometers upstream on all rivers (tapering to zero thickness). This distance is greater than expected from studies of the effects of check dams on much smaller streams elsewhere, due in part to the large size of these rivers. However, the change in gradient is nearly identical to other base level rise studies: the depositional gradient is about half that of the original channel. Middle to upper reaches of each fiver are dominated by the effects of long- term uplift, primarily lateral and vertical erosion and formation of steep, unpaired strath terraces exposed only upstream of the depositional wedge. Vertical incision at a rate similar to that of uplift has occurred even during the present sea level high stand along rivers with highest uplift rates. Strath terraces have steeper gradients than the modem channel bed and do not merge with marine terraces at the river mouth; consequently, they cannot be used to determine altitudes of sea level high stands. Strath formation is a continuous process of response to long-term uplift, and its occurrence varies spatially along a river depending on stream power, and hence position, upstream. Strath terraces are found only along certain parts of a coastal stream: upstream of the aggradational effects of oscillating sea level, and far enough downstream that stream power is in excess of that needed to transport the prevailing sediment load. For a given size fiver, the greater the uplift rate, the greater the rate of vertical incision and, consequently, the less the like- lihood of strath terrace formation and preservation.
Managing dynamic groups in qos and overlay multicasting

Multicasting has been the most popular mechanism for supporting group communication, wherein group members communicate through a multicast data distribution tree that spans all the members of the group. In a dynamic multicast session, members join/leave the group using graft/prune mechanisms, based on locally optimal paths, which would eventually degenerate the quality of the multicast tree. Therefore, efficient mechanisms need to be invoked periodically to maintain the cost of the multicast tree near optimal. However, tree maintenance would result in service disruption for the session. Therefore, there exists a trade-off between minimizing tree cost and minimizing service disruption. The goal of this dissertation is to develop and analyze a set of efficient tree maintenance techniques that aim to balance this tradeoff in QoS and overlay multicasting. To achieve this goal, the dissertation makes three key contributions. First, the design of scalable protocols, viz. tree migration and tree evolution, for maintaining QoS multicast trees. Second, the design of an efficient strategy, called partial protection approach, and its implementation methods for member join problem with path reliability being a QoS constraint. Third, the design of an efficient tree maintenance algorithm, based on the idea of mesh-tree interactions, for end-system based overlay multicasting. The proposed tree maintenance solutions have been evaluated and analyzed through a combination of simulation and analytical studies. The studies show that the proposed solutions indeed achieve a good balance between tree cost and service disruption competitively.
Noun Phrases and Nominalizations: The Syntax of DPs

Preface. 1. Theoretical Issues. 2. Noun Raising and Genitival Relations. 3. Event Nominals. 4. Semi-Relatives and Reduced Relatives. 5. Verbal and Nominal Gerunds. Abbreviations. References. Index of Names. Index of Subjects.
Real-time photographic local tone reproduction using summed-area tables

9 RESUMO . 10
Algorithmic Methods for Mixed Recurrence Equations, Zeros of Classical Orthogonal Polynomials and Classical Orthogonal Polynomial Solutions of Three-Term Recurrence Equations

v 0 General Introduction 1 1 Preliminary results 6 1.1 Interlacing properties for zeros of sequences of classical orthogonal polynomials . 6 1.2 Quasi-orthogonal polynomials . 9 1.3 Bounds of extreme zeros of classical orthogonal polynomials . 10 1.4 Mixed recurrence equations satisfied by different sequences of OP systems . 13 2 Classical orthogonal polynomials of a continuous and a discrete variable 19 2.1 The Jacobi polynomials . 19 2.1.1 Interlacing of zeros . 19 2.1.2 Quasi-orthogonality . 21 2.1.3 Bounds of the extreme zeros . 22 2.2 The Laguerre polynomials . 24 2.2.1 Interlacing of the zeros . 25 2.2.2 Quasi-orthogonality . 26 2.2.3 Bounds of the extreme zeros . 27 2.3 The Bessel polynomials . 29 2.3. 1 Interlacing of the zeros . 29 2.3. 2 Quasi-orthogonality . 30 2.3. 3 Bounds of the extreme zeros . 30 2.4 The Hahn polynomials . 30 2.4. 1 Interlacing of the zeros . 31 2.4. 2 Quasi-orthogonality . 32 2.4. 3 Bounds of the extreme zeros . 32 2.5 The Krawtchouk polynomials . 33 2.5. 1 Interlacing of the zeros . 34 2.6 The Meixner polynomials . 34 2.6. 1 Interlacing of the zeros . 35 2.6. 2 Quasi-orthogonality . 35 2.6. 3 Bounds of the extreme zeros . 36
Initial design strategies and their effects on sequential model-based optimization: an exploratory case study based on BBOB

Sequential model-based optimization (SMBO) approaches are algorithms for solving problems that require computationally or otherwise expensive function evaluations. The key design principle of SMBO is a substitution of the true objective function by a surrogate, which is used to propose the point(s) to be evaluated next. SMBO algorithms are intrinsically modular, leaving the user with many important design choices. Significant research efforts go into understanding which settings perform best for which type of problems. Most works, however, focus on the choice of the model, the acquisition function, and the strategy used to optimize the latter. The choice of the initial sampling strategy, however, receives much less attention. Not surprisingly, quite diverging recommendations can be found in the literature. We analyze in this work how the size and the distribution of the initial sample influences the overall quality of the efficient global optimization (EGO) algorithm, a well-known SMBO approach. While, overall, small initial budgets using Halton sampling seem preferable, we also observe that the performance landscape is rather unstructured. We furthermore identify several situations in which EGO performs unfavorably against random sampling. Both observations indicate that an adaptive SMBO design could be beneficial, making SMBO an interesting test-bed for automated algorithm design.
Finite model theory in the simply typed lambda calculus

Church''s simply typed lambda-calculus is a very basic framework for functional programming language research. However, it is common to augment this framework with additional programming constructs, because its expressive power for functions over the domain of Church numerals is very limited. In this thesis: (1)~We re-examine the expressive power of the ``pure'''' simply typed lambda-calculus, but over encodings of finite relational structures, i. ~e. , {\em finite models} or {\em databases}. In this novel framework the simply typed lambda-calculus expresses all elementary functions from finite models to finite models. In addition, many common database query languages, e. ~g. , relational algebra, Datalog with negation, and the Abiteboul/Beeri complex object algebra, can be embedded into it. The embeddings are feasible in the sense that the lambda-terms corresponding to PTIME queries can be evaluated in polynomial time. (2)~We examine fixed-order fragments of the simply typed lambda-calculus to determine machine independent characterizations of complexity classes. For this we augment the calculus with atomic constants and equality among atomic constants. We show that over ordered structures, the order~3, 4, 5, and~6 fragments express exactly the first-order, PTIME, PSPACE, and EXPTIME queries, respectively, and we conjecture that for general $k\ge1$, order~$2k+4$ expresses exactly the $k$-EXPTIME queries and order~$2k+5$ expresses exactly the $k$-EXPSPACE queries. (3)~We also re-examine other functional characterizations of PTIME and we show that {\em method schemas with ordered objects} express exactly PTIME. This is a first-order framework proposed for object-oriented databases---as opposed to the above higher-order frameworks. In summary, this research provides a link between finite model theory (and thus computational complexity), database theory, and programming language theory. It sheds new light on the expressive power of the simply typed lambda-calculus. It transforms classical complexity questions into questions of expressibility. Finally, it provides new examples of pure functional database query languages.
Cell adhesion molecules: implications for a molecular histology.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY . 155 CAM TYPES, STRUCTURE, AND BINDING . 1 56 Stru ctu re. 157 B in ding. 1 6 1 Transfect ion as a M olecular Histological Tool. 1 63 CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION, GENE STRUCTURE, AND ALTERNATIVE RNA SPLICING . 165 EXPRESSION AND SYNTHESIS . 166 B ioc hem ical M odific at ions . 167 Signals R egu lating CAM Synth esis In vitro a nd In vivo. 168 MORPHOREGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CAMs . 169 Place-D ep en dent Exp ression and I nt eract ions . 169 C;oreg ulatill,n with SAM Exp ression . 1 7 1 R epu ! sln s . 1 73 Pertu rb ation of CAM B inding an d Exp ression. 174 EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS 1 75 CAMs IN DISEASE 178 Neuromuscula r an d Neu rol ogical D is orders. 179 Transform ed Cells, Tum ors, an d M etastasis . 1 79 PROSPECTS FOR A MOLECULAR HISTOLOGy 1 8 1