Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecology and management of a neotropical rainforest : lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term experimental research site in French Guiana

In 1982, the Silvicultural research on the natural forest stands of French Guiana operation was initiated, and since then, the Paracou experimental site has been a favourite place for basic ecological research concerning the structure, dynamics, diversity and functioning of the lowland rainforest of coastal French Guiana. The site offers more than 100 hectares of plots where trees are fully mapped, and an experimental design combining logging and thinning with undisturbed controls, allowing assessment of the impact of well-documented disturbances on the characteristics of various forest stands and tree populations. In this book, 40 authors summarise their experience and results at Paracou. Topics include (i) forest structure and floristic composition; (ii) ecosystem-level carbon dynamics; (iii) light requirements, patterns of water use and root symbiotic status of the main species; (iv) gene flow and genetic diversity; (v) regeneration strategies, growth behaviour and dynamics of stands before and after sylvicultural operations; (vi) modelling of forest dynamics. A final chapter discusses the practical lessons for forest management that have resulted from research operations at Paracou. (Resume d'auteur)
Projected changes in the drought hazard in Hungary due to climate change

In the Carpathian Basin, drought is a severe natural hazard that causes extensive damage. Over the next century, drought is likely to remain one of the most serious natural hazards in the region. Motivated by this hazard, the analysis presented in this paper outlines the spatial and temporal changes of the drought hazard through the end of this century using the REMO and ALADIN regional climate model simulations. The aim of this study was to indicate the magnitude of the drought hazard and the potentially vulnerable areas for the periods 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, assuming the A1B emission scenario. The magnitude of drought hazard was calculated by aridity (De Martonne) and drought indices (Palfai drought index, standardised anomaly index). By highlighting critical drought hazard areas, the analysis can be applied in spatial planning to create more optimal land and water management to eliminate the increasing drought hazard and the related wind erosion hazard. During the 21st century, the drought hazard is expected to increase in a spatially heterogeneous manner due to climate change. On the basis of temperature and precipitation data, the largest increase in the drought hazard by the end of the 21st century is simulated to occur in the Great Hungarian Plain. Moreover, the changes in the extreme indices (e.g., days with precipitation greater than 30 mm, heat waves, dry periods, wet periods) suggest that the frequency and duration of drought periods will increase. The drought hazard is projected to be lowest in the westernmost part of Hungary. This result is based on qualitative and quantitative analyses that showed the changes in precipitation, temperature, and extreme indices. Key-words: regional climate change, ALADIN and REMO models, drought hazard, drought indices
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy the Cytoplasmic Filaments of the Nuclear Pore Complex Are Dispensable for Selective Nuclear Protein Import

(2002) 'The cytoplasmic laments of the nuclear pore complex are dispensable for selective nuclear protein import. ', Journal of cell biology. , 158 (1). pp. 63-77. The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. he nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates bidirectional macromolecular traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. Eight filaments project from the NPC into the cytoplasm and are proposed to function in nuclear import. We investigated the localization and function of two nucleoporins on the cytoplasmic face of the NPC, CAN/Nup214 and RanBP2/Nup358. Consistent with previous data, RanBP2 was localized at the cytoplasmic filaments. In contrast, CAN was localized near the cyto-plasmic coaxial ring. Unexpectedly, extensive blocking of RanBP2 with gold-conjugated antibodies failed to inhibit nuclear import. Therefore, RanBP2-deficient NPCs were generated by in vitro nuclear assembly in RanBP2-depleted Xenopus egg extracts. NPCs were formed that lacked cyto-T plasmic filaments, but that retained CAN. These nuclei efficiently imported nuclear localization sequence (NLS) or M9 substrates. NPCs lacking CAN retained RanBP2 and cytoplasmic filaments, and showed a minor NLS import defect. NPCs deficient in both CAN and RanBP2 displayed no cytoplasmic filaments and had a strikingly immature cytoplasmic appearance. However, they showed only a slight reduction in NLS-mediated import, no change in M9-mediated import, and were normal in growth and DNA replication. We conclude that RanBP2 is the major nucleoporin component of the cytoplasmic filaments of the NPC, and that these filaments do not have an essential role in importin ␣ / ␤ – or transportin-dependent import.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy a Specific Role for Septohippocampal Acetylcholine in Memory?

The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. a b s t r a c t Acetylcholine has long been implicated in memory, including hippocampal-dependent memory, but the specific role for this neurotransmitter is difficult to identify in human neuropsychology. Here, we review the evidence for a mechanistic model of acetylcholine function within the hippocampus and consider its explanatory power for interpreting effects resulting from both pharmacological antic-holinergic manipulations and lesions of the cholinergic input to the hippocampus in animals. We argue that these effects indicate that acetylcholine is necessary for some, but not all, hippocampal-dependent processes. We review recent evidence from lesion, pharmacological and electrophysiological studies to support the view that a primary function of septohippocampal acetylcholine is to reduce interference in the learning process by adaptively timing and separating encoding and retrieval processes. We reinterpret cholinergic-lesion based deficits according to this view and propose that acetylcholine reduces the interference elicited by the movement of salient locations between events. Acetylcholine (ACh) has long been implicated as a neurotrans-mitter in learning and memory (e.g., Drachman, 1977). It projects widely throughout the central nervous system (Mesulam, Mufson, Wainer, & Levey, 1983) but the cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain to the cortex and hippocampus contained within the medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band (MS/VDB), in particular, have been linked to memory functions Lesions of the basal forebrain affecting these cholinergic projections can result in profound amnesia in humans (see Deluca & Diamond, 1995 for review; Norlen & Olivecrona, 1953). Although these findings support the view that structures in the region of the basal forebrain are necessary for memory, the damage is rarely limited to the regions of cholinergic projections, and is certainly not selective for ACh, as the region contains cells other than those that express ACh. Therefore, the link between memory and ACh in these patients is circumstantial. Perhaps more indicative of the …
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy Neurobiology of Disease Aberrant Gaba a Receptor Expression in the Dentate Gyrus of the Epileptic Mutant Mouse Stargazer

(2006) 'Aberrant GABA-A receptor expression in the dentate gyrus of the epileptic mutant mouse stargazer. ', Journal of neuroscience. , 26 (33). The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Stargazer (stg) mutant mice fail to express stargazin [transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory protein ␥2 (TARP␥2)] and consequently experience absence seizure-like thalamocortical spike-wave discharges that pervade the hippocampal formation via the dentate gyrus (DG). As in other seizure models, the dentate granule cells of stg develop elaborate reentrant axon collaterals and transiently overexpress brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We investigated whether GABAergic parameters were affected by the stg mutation in this brain region. GABA A receptor (GABAR) ␣4 and ␤3 subunits were consistently upregulated, GABAR ␦ expression appeared to be variably reduced, whereas GABAR ␣1, ␤2, and ␥2 subunits and the GABAR synaptic anchoring protein gephyrin were essentially unaffected. We established that the ␣4␤␥2 subunit-containing, flunitrazepam-insensitive subtype of GABARs, not normally a significant GABAR in DG neurons, was strongly upregulated in stg DG, apparently arising at the expense of extrasynaptic ␣4␤␦-containing receptors. This change was associated with a reduction in neurosteroid-sensitive GABAR-mediated tonic current. This switch in GABAR subtypes was not reciprocated in the tottering mouse model of absence epilepsy implicating a unique, intrinsic adaptation of GABAergic networks in stg. Contrary to previous reports that suggested that TARP␥2 is expressed in the dentate, we find that TARP␥2 was neither detected in stg nor control DG. We report that TARP␥8 is the principal TARP isoform found in the DG and that its expression is compromised by the stargazer mutation. These effects on GABAergic parameters and TARP␥8 expression are likely to arise as a consequence of failed expression of TARP␥2 elsewhere in the brain, resulting in hyperexcitable inputs to the dentate.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy the Neuropsychology of Face Perception: beyond Simple Dissociations and Functional

(2011) 'The neuropsychology of face perception : beyond simple dissociations and functional selectivity. ', Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B : biological sciences. , 366 (1571). The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract: Face processing relies on a distributed, patchy network of cortical regions in the temporal and frontal lobes that respond disproportionately to face stimuli, other cortical regions that are not even primarily visual (such as somatosensory cortex), and subcortical structures such as the amygdala. Higher-level face perception abilities, such as judging identity, emotion, and trustworthiness, appear to rely on an intact face-processing network that includes OFA, whereas lower-level face categorization abilities, such as discriminating faces from objects, can be achieved without OFA, perhaps via the direct connections to FFA from several extrastriate cortical areas. Some lesion, TMS and fMRI findings argue against a strict feedforward hierarchical model of face perception, in which the OFA is the principal and common source of input for other visual and non-visual cortical regions involved in face perception, including the FFA, face-selective STS and somatosensory cortex. Instead, these findings point to a more interactive model in which higher-level face perception abilities depend on the interplay between several functionally and anatomically distinct neural regions. Furthermore, the nature of these interactions may depend on the particular demands of the task. We review the lesion and TMS literature on this topic and highlight the dynamic and distributed nature of face processing. Abbreviations: FFA: fusiform face area OFA: occipital face area TMS: transcranial magnetic stimulation fMRI: functional magnetic resonance imaging STS: superior temporal sulcus 3 Beyond simple dissociations and functional selectivity Keywords: Faces lesion studies transcranial magnetic stimulation Fusiform face area 4 Beyond simple dissociations and functional selectivity
Extraction d'indices de perspective dans les scènes naturelles par modèles corticaux

This work aims at extracting the perspective information in natural scenes. Our goal is to evaluate the 3D geometric characteristics of surfaces in which artificial and natural textures are projected. The proposed model can be considered as a realistic assumption of the biological visual system behavior. We divide the image into a set of patches. The method is based on the analysis of bands of frecuencies, and the estimation of their energetic variation over every patch. Experimental results show that the choice of the bands whose variation is the most regular, lead us to obtain perspective information of many kind of textures. 1 Information de perspective dans les scenes naturelles Notre objectif est d’obtenir une information de perspective sur des images de scenes naturelles en s’appuyant sur un modele biologique du cortex visuel. Nous recherchons une information globale de perspective permettant d’obtenir une indication sur la profondeur relative des zones de l’image et sur la forme de la surface a partir d’une analyse de ”textures” au sens large (par exemple: sur laquelle est plaquee la texture). FIG. 1: Exemples de textures etudiees: quadrillage regulier, mailles d’un pull (tire de [6]), champ de tournesols, surface de mars. Il existe des methodes (shape from texture) qui donnent de bons resultats sur des textures regulieres [1],[2],[3],[4]. Peu de methodes traitent egalement le cas des textures naturelles [5],[6]. Ce probleme etant plus difficile compte tenu des irregularites presentes dans l’image (par exemple dans un champ de tournesols, le changement de taille des fleurs ou la presence d’une personne creent des non-stationnarites locales). 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING FOOD DISPONIBILITIES AND FEEDING BEHAVIOUR OF REED PASERINES

The present study aimed at listing aquatic birdforms and their food as well as their behaviour concerning the use of trophic reserves in two periods of time: July 15 – 27, 2003 the reproduction period of warblers and September 11 – 13, 2003 the migration period at IezarDorohoi (47 68’ N/ 26 23’ E). The types of the Acrocephalus species bearing distinct ecological requirements used the same habitats for finding food. During the reproduction period, the challenge for gaining the food variety is to be noticed only among the specimens of the same species. During fall (migration), the challenge among the different types of warblers and the one among the specimens are very moderate. The seasonal dynamics and the daily dynamics of the reed arthropods are acutely significant in ensuring the food reserves for the Acrocephalus species and in decreasing the competition among them. Another element of great importance is represented by the weather conditions. It was observed that the activity performed by warblers and the competition for food is more intense after rain, wind and low temperatures.
Evaluating data stability in aggregation structures across spatial scales: revisiting the modifiable areal unit problem

ABSTRACT Socioeconomic and health analysts commonly rely on areally aggregated data, in part because government regulations on confidentiality prohibit data release at the individual level. Analytical results from areally aggregated data, however, are sensitive to the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). Levels of aggregation as well as the arbitrary and modifiable sizes, shapes, and arrangements of zones affect the validity and reliability of findings from analyses of areally aggregated data. MAUP, long acknowledged, remains unresolved. We present an exploratory spatial data analytical approach (ESDA) to understand the scalar effects of MAUP. To characterize relationships between data aggregation structures and spatial scales, we develop a method for statistically and visually exploring the local indicators of spatial association (LISA) exhibited between a variable and itself across varying levels of aggregation. We demonstrate our approach by analyzing the across-scale relationships of aggregated 2010 median income for the State of Pennsylvania and 2005–2009 cancer diagnosis rates for the State of New York between county–tract, tract–block group, and county–block group level US census designated enumeration units. This method for understanding the relationship between MAUP and spatial scale provides guidance to researchers in selecting the most appropriate scales to aggregate, analyze, and represent data for problem-specific analyses.
The Catalina Schist: Evidence for middle Cretaceous subduction erosion of southwestern North America

The Catalina Schist underlies the inner southern California borderland of southwestern North America. On Santa Catalina Island, amphibolite facies rocks that recrystallized and partially melted at ca. 115 Ma and at 40 km depth occur atop an inverted metamorphic stack that juxtaposes progressively lower grade, high-pressure/ temperature (PT) rocks across low-angle faults. This inverted metamorphic sequence *marty@oro.ess. ucla.edu Grove, M. , Bebout, G.E. , Jacobson, C.E. , Barth, A.P., Kimbrough, D.L. , King, R.L. , Zou, H. , Lovera, O.M. , Mahoney, B.J., and Gehrels, G.E. , 2008, The Catalina Schist: Evidence for middle Cretaceous subduction erosion of southwestern North America, in Draut, A.E. , Clift, P.D. , and Scholl, D.W. , eds., Formation and Applications of the Sedimentary Record in Arc Collision Zones: Geological Society of America Special Paper 436, p. 335–361, doi: 10.1130/2008.2436(15). For permission to copy, contact editing@geosociety.org. ©2008 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved.
Tecnologia de estruturas EBG - electromagnetic band-gap - aplicada a antenas para comunicações moveis

Este trabalho descreve a aplicacao da tecnologia de estruturas EBG, Electromagnetic BandGap, em antenas para sistemas de comunicacoes moveis. Essa tecnologia pode ser adotada nos diversos sistemas de comunicacoes moveis de 3G e 4G; em ERBs (Estacoes Radio-Base), picoERBs e terminais moveis; em padroes como WLAN, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX (IEEE802.16), entre outros. Sao projetadas, simuladas e analisadas, estruturas EBG com configuracoes de celu Ias quadradas e hexagonais, com um e dois niveis, aplicadas a antenas planares do tipo patch e PIFA, e em um arranjo de antenas PIFA. Mostra-se que, utilizando tais estruturas, ha melhorias no desempenho da antena, como no ganho, na eficiencia e, principalmente, na faixa de operacao. Como inovacao, introduz-se o Local Ground Plane, um plano de terra continuo de area reduzida, localizado, somente, sob o elemento radiador e que proporcionou uma grande melhoria nas caracteristicas das antenas Abstract
in Computer

— Image Segmentation is dividing the image into the segments. There are various algorithms available for segmentation but clustering approach is considered to be best. The study shows that there are various gaps which are not covered by the researchers so an improved approach towards image segmentation using mean shift and FELICM has been proposed. HSV color space is considered to be better approach than RGB. In the proposed method input image in RGB form is converted into HSV further mean shift and FELICM is applied separately on Hue, Saturation and Value Components. So the final images obtained from mean shift and FELICM is fused together. The method shown in this paper has shown better results on various parameters and different segment results can be analyzed correctly.
Processing of stalled replication forks in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Accurate DNA replication and transcription elongation are crucial for preventing the accumulation of unreplicated DNA and genomic instability. Cells have evolved multiple mechanisms to deal with impaired replication fork progression, challenged by both intrinsic and extrinsic impediments. The bacterium Bacillus subtilis, which adopts multiple forms of differentiation and development, serves as an excellent model system for studying the pathways required to cope with replication stress to preserve genomic stability. This review focuses on the genetics, single molecule choreography, and biochemical properties of the proteins that act to circumvent the replicative arrest allowing the resumption of DNA synthesis. The RecA recombinase, its mediators (RecO, RecR, and RadA/Sms) and modulators (RecF, RecX, RarA, RecU, RecD2, and PcrA), repair licensing (DisA), fork remodelers (RuvAB, RecG, RecD2, RadA/Sms, and PriA), Holliday junction resolvase (RecU), nucleases (RnhC and DinG), and translesion synthesis DNA polymerases (PolY1 and PolY2) are key functions required to overcome a replication stress, provided that the fork does not collapse.
The mutual importance of anthropogenically and climate‐induced changes in global vegetation cover for future land carbon emissions in the MPI‐ESM CMIP5 simulations

Based on the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and on simulations with the submodel Cbalone we disentangle the influence of natural and anthropogenic vegetation changes on land carbon emissions for the years 1850 until 2300. According to our simulations, climate‐induced changes in distribution and productivity of natural vegetation strongly mitigates future carbon (C) emissions from anthropogenic land‐use and land cover change (LULCC). Depending on the assumed scenario, the accumulated carbon emissions until the year 2100 are reduced between 22 and 49% and until 2300 between 45 and 261%. The carbon storage due to climate‐induced vegetation change is generally stronger under the presence of LULCC. This is because the natural vegetation change can reestablish highly productive extratropical forests that are lost due to LULCC. After stopping anthropogenic vegetation changes in the year 2100 the refilling of depleted C pools on formerly transformed land takes (dependent on the scenario) time scales of centuries.