Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Navigation in a Multilevel Travelling Salesperson Problem

Finding the optimal tour that visits a series of locations sequentially, such as going for errands, is an everyday task formally known as the travelling salesperson problem (TSP). In this article we focus on the understudied type of multilevel or M-TSP, which take place in a multilevel environment, like a building. In a TSP, the number of alternative tours the decision-maker needs to consider is given by the factorial of the locations to visit; hence a 3-target TSP has 6 alternatives and a 12-target TSP has 479 million. Considerable research has focused on combinatorial optimisation algorithms for TSPs, and in the cognitive sciences there has equally been a sustained interest on how various foraging species and humans achieve remarkably optimal performance. However, research has primarily studied planar environments, and it is unclear how people will combine horizontal and vertical spatial information to make navigational decisions in a multilevel TSP.In this study, we asked 41 participants to first learn the locations of 12 shops (targets) in a multilevel building, and then complete a structure mapping task and two open 8-target M-TSP tasks (more than 40.000 alternatives). Using bayesian methods for mixed effects modelling, we show that human performance in navigational M-TSPs is lower than this of Euclidean TSPs, and we differentiate between the choice of tour (visit sequence) and transitions (local wayfinding). Our results show an effect of horizontal versus vertical learning. We also found that performance in navigational TSP are a composite of global and local decision making, and the people adaptively employ a path-based, rather than euclidean, measure of distance when this is ecologically relevant.Overall we provide multiple sources of evidence for the horizontal bias theory both in mental representations and wayfinding behaviour. This study contributes to current knowledge of mental representations 3D space and is the first huto provide human data on an multilevel TSP. More generally, these findings have implications for our understanding of wayfinding and navigational behaviour in multilevel environments.
Hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm for Resource Optimization in Cloud E-Healthcare Applications

: In the next generation of computing environment e-health care services depend on cloud services. The Cloud computing environment provides a real-time computing environment for e-health care applications. But these services generate a huge number of computational tasks, real-time computing and comes with a deadline, so conventional cloud optimization models cannot fulfil the task in the least time and within the deadline. To overcome this issue many resource optimization meta-heuristic models are been proposed but these models cannot find a global best solution to complete the task in the least time and manage utilization with the least simulation time. In order to overcome existing issues, an artificial neural-inspired whale optimization is proposed to provide a reliable solution for healthcare applications. In this work, two models are proposed one for reliability estimation and the other is based on whale optimization technique and neural network-based binary classifier. The predictive model enhances the quality of service using performance metrics, makespan, least average task completion time, resource usages cost and utilization of the system. From results as compared to existing algorithms the proposed ANN-WHO algorithms prove to improve the average start time by 29.3%, average finish time by 29.5% and utilization by 11%.
Global Distribution and Geological Context of Co‐Existing Occurrences of Olivine‐Rich and Plagioclase‐Rich Materials on the Lunar Surface

We examined the global distribution and geological context of lunar sites where olivine‐ and plagioclase‐rich materials co‐exist. These sites are areas showing plagioclase‐rich spectra adjacent to areas showing olivine‐rich spectra, and they extend over several hundreds of meters on the lunar surface. From an analysis of the high‐spatial‐resolution data obtained from the SELENE (Kaguya) multiband imager, we identified 14 co‐existing occurrences among 49 olivine‐rich sites located around large impact basins. We found that the co‐existing occurrences are limited to a few sites among the olivine‐rich sites in the Moscoviense, Crisium, and Imbrium basins, while six of seven olivine‐rich sites in the Schrödinger basin show co‐existing occurrence. The geological features between the co‐existing occurrences and the olivine‐rich sites without plagioclase‐rich materials showed no clear difference, but both types of site are found at fresh geological features located around the peak rings of impact basins. These results may suggest that the co‐existing occurrences are closely related to the material heterogeneity of the peak ring regions. The heterogeneity could be formed by mixing of the olivine‐rich mantle and the anorthosite‐rich crust during impact basin formation, or it might be a reflection of the compositional heterogeneity of the lunar lower crust. For future sample return missions, the detailed information on the co‐existing occurrences presented here might be useful for a sampling strategy to select a “one‐stop” site that provides important information for the overall characterization of lunar mantle and crustal materials.
Diagnosis of Model Errors With a Sliding Time‐Window Bayesian Analysis

Deterministic hydrological models with uncertain, but inferred‐to‐be‐time‐invariant parameters typically show time‐dependent model errors. Such errors can occur if a hydrological process is active in certain time periods in nature, but is not resolved by the model or by its input. Such missing processes could become visible during calibration as time‐dependent best‐fit values of model parameters. We propose a formal time‐windowed Bayesian analysis to diagnose this type of model error, formalizing the question “In which period of the calibration time‐series does the model statistically disqualify itself as quasi‐true? ” Using Bayesian model evidence (BME) as model performance metric, we determine how much the data in time windows of the calibration time‐series support or refute the model. Then, we track BME over sliding time windows to obtain a dynamic, time‐windowed BME (tBME) and search for sudden decreases that indicate an onset of model error. tBME also allows us to perform a formal, sliding likelihood‐ratio test of the model against the data. Our proposed approach is designed to detect error occurrence on various temporal scales, which is especially useful in hydrological modeling. We illustrate this by applying our proposed method to soil moisture modeling. We test tBME as model error indicator on several synthetic and real‐world test cases that we designed to vary in error sources (structure and input) and error time scales. Results prove the successful detection errors in dynamic models. Moreover, the time sequence of posterior parameter distributions helps to investigate the reasons for model error and provide guidance for model improvement.
Simplified method for computing reactance in the design of saturated-core superconducting fault current limiter

Generally, the computation of the steady-state reactance of the SCSFCL employs the nonlinear steel core model with both the DC and AC excitation. Noting the deep saturation region of the B-H curve is nearly a straight line, a simplified method is presented in this paper. The slope of the deep saturation region of the B-H curve is taken as an equivalent permeability for the core. Furthermore, the computation can be simplified as a static-magnetic-field model when ignoring the eddy current effect. The example shows this simplified method meets the engineering requirements. Streszczenie. Obliczenia reaktancji SCSFCL wymaga uzycia nieliniowego modelu rdzenia stalowego zarowno dla wzbudzenia staloprądowego jak i zmiennoprądowego. W artykule przedstawiono uproszczoną metode obliczania reaktancji zakladając, ze w obszarze duzego nasycenia krzywa B-H jest prawie linią prostą. Jako przenikalnośc rdzenia przyjeto nachylenie krzywej B-H w obszarze glebokiego nasycenia. Ponadto, obliczenia mogą byc uproszczone przez pominiecie prądow wirowych i przyjecie modelu statycznego. Przyklad pokazuje, ze metoda uproszczona spelnia wymagania inzynierskie (Uproszczona metoda obliczania reaktancji w projektowaniu nadprzewodzącego ogranicznika prądu z nasyconym rdzeniem).
Strategies of invertebrate osmoregulation: an evolutionary blueprint for transmuting into fresh water from the sea

Early marine invertebrates like the Branchiopoda began their sojourn into dilute media some 500 million years ago in the Middle Cambrian. Others like the Mollusca, Annelida and many crustacean taxa have followed, accompanying major marine transgressions and regressions, shifting landmasses, orogenies and glaciations. In adapting to these events and new habitats such invertebrates acquired novel physiological abilities that attenuate the ion loss and water gain that constitute severe challenges to life in dilute media. Among these taxon-specific adaptations, selected from the subcellular to organismal levels of organization, are reduced body permeability and surface (S) to volume (V) ratios, lowered osmotic gradients, increased surface areas of interface epithelia, relocation of membrane proteins in ion-transporting cells and augmented transport enzyme abundance, activity and affinity. We examine adaptations in taxa that have penetrated into fresh water, revealing diversified modifications, a consequence of distinct body plans, morpho-physiological resources and occupation routes. Contingent on life history and reproductive strategy, numerous patterns of osmotic regulation have emerged, including intracellular isosmotic regulation in weak hyper-regulators and well-developed anisosmotic extracellular regulation in strong hyper-regulators, likely reflecting inertial adaptations to early life in an estuarine environment. Our analyses show that across sixty-four freshwater invertebrate species from six phyla/classes, hemolymph osmolalities decrease logarithmically with increasing S: V ratios. The arthropods have the highest osmolalities, from 300 to 650 mOsmoles/kg H2O in the Decapoda with 220 to 320 mOsmoles/kg H2O in the Insecta; osmolalities in the Annelida range from 150 to 200 mOsmoles/kg H2O, the Mollusca showing the lowest osmolalities at 40 to 120 mOsmoles/kg H2O. Overall, osmolalities reach a cut-off at ≈200 mOsmoles/kg H2O, independently of increasing S: V ratio. The ability of species with small S: V ratios to maintain large osmotic gradients is mirrored in their putatively higher Na+/K+-ATPase activities that drive ion uptake processes. Selection pressures on these morpho-physiological characteristics have led to differential osmoregulatory abilities, rendering possible the conquest of fresh water while retaining some tolerance of the ancestral medium.
Fatigue Crack Growth Simulations in Ductile Materials by Coupled FE-EFG Approach

In this paper, a coupled finite element (FE) and element free Galerkin (EFG) approach is presented for the simulation of fatigue crack growth problems. The problem domain is subdivided into two regions i.e. EFG region and FE region. A ramp function is used in the transition region to obtain the resultant shape functions. This approach effectively handles the crack growth problems without remeshing, and is found computationally more efficient than other meshfree methods. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by simulating material interface fatigue crack growth problems. These simulations show that the results obtained by coupled approach are in good agreement with the XFEM results.
Physics and Design of SOI FED Based Memory Cells

Memory arrays occupy a very large area in chip designs; yet memory cell scaling lags significantly transistor scaling. With transistor channel lengths in the nanoscale regime, the six transistor static random access memory (6T-SRAM) and the single transistor dynamic random access memory (DRAM) cells both suffer from excessive leakage current. Therefore, there is a widely recognized need for urgent progress in memory technology to meet the increasing demand for highly for compact, high density and low power memory arrays. Several new memory device approaches are currently under extensive investigation around the world. One such approach is the thin capacitively coupled thyristor (TCCT) memory cell where a gate assisted PNPN thyristor is utilized as a memory cell, which exploits the ON and the OFF states of the thyristor. TCCT breaks through the performance density trade-off of conventional SRAM and DRAM and it is compatible with CMOS process which make it a promising alternative to the current memory cells. In this thesis we present a new volatile memory cell with promising characteristics, which improves on the TCCT concept above. The proposed cell is based on the field effect diode (FED), and it is essentially a p-i-n diode to which two closely spaced, independent gates have been added between the anode and the cathode. This new cell is similar to the TCCT in concept and operation, however, the thyristor-like structure is gate-induced in the FED cell whereas it is built-in in the TCCT cell. TCAD simulation results showed that the FED cell has important advantages such as high read 0/1 margins, fast write/read, thermal stability and good retention time. We also re-evaluate the recent interpretation of the physical storage mechanism of the thyristor based memories as the presence (state “1”) or absence (state “0”) of charge under the gate: we demonstrate that this interpretation is incorrect, and we describe the correct physical mechanism, by carefully studying the carrier profiles within the TCCT and FED memory cell structures. This new understanding should result in better cell design and feasibility analysis. A copy of this doctoral dissertation is on reserve at the Johnson Center Library.
Cloud-based multi-agent architecture for effective planning and scheduling of distributed manufacturing

In modern world, manufacturing processes have become very complex because of consistently fluctuating demand of customers. Numerous production facilities located at various geographical locations are being utilised to address the demands of their multiple clients. Often, the components manufactured at distinct locations are being assembled in a plant to develop the final product. In this complex scenario, manufacturing firms have to be responsive enough to cope with the fluctuating demand of customers. To accomplish it, there is a need to develop an integrated, dynamic and autonomous system. In this article, a self-reactive cloud-based multi-agent architecture for distributed manufacturing system is developed. The proposed architecture will assist manufacturing industry to establish real-time information exchange between the autonomous agents, clients, suppliers and manufacturing unit. The mechanism described in this study demonstrates how the autonomous agents interact with each other to rectify the internal discrepancies in manufacturing system. It can also address the external interferences like variations in client’s orders to maximise the profit of manufacturing firm in both short and long term. Execution process of proposed architecture is demonstrated using simulated case study.
Significant improvement of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) transgenic plant production by pre-transformation with a Baby boom transcription factor.

Abstract BABY BOOM (BBM) is a member of the APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) family and its expression has been shown to improve herbaceous plant transformation and regeneration. However, this improvement has not been shown clearly for tree species. This study demonstrated that the efficiency of transgenic apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) plant production was dramatically increased by ectopic expression of the MdBBM1 gene. “Royal Gala” apple plants were first transformed with a CaMV35S-MdBBM1 construct (MBM) under kanamycin selection. These MBM transgenic plants exhibited enhanced shoot regeneration from leaf explants on tissue culture media, with most plants displaying a close-to-normal phenotype compared with CaMV35S-GUS transgenic plants when grown under greenhouse conditions, the exception being that some plants had slightly curly leaves. Thin leaf sections revealed the MBM plants produced more cells than the GUS plants, indicating that ectopic-expression of MdBBM1 enhanced cell division. Transcriptome analysis showed that mRNA levels for cell division activators and repressors linked to hormone (auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid) signalling pathways were enhanced and reduced, respectively, in the MBM plants compared with the GUS plants. Plants of eight independent MBM lines were compared with the GUS plants by re-transforming them with an herbicide-resistant gene construct. The number of transgenic plants produced per 100 leaf explants was 0–3% for the GUS plants, 3–8% for five MBM lines, and 20–30% for three MBM lines. Our results provided a solution for overcoming the barriers to transgenic plant production in apple, and possibly in other trees.
Characterization of RNF43 frameshift mutations that drive Wnt ligand‐ and R‐spondin‐dependent colon cancer

Loss‐of‐function mutations in RNF43 induce activation of Wnt ligand‐dependent Wnt/β‐catenin signaling through stabilization of the Frizzled receptor, which is often found in microsatellite instability (MSI)‐type colorectal cancer (CRC) that develops from sessile serrated adenomas. However, the mechanism underlying how RNF43 mutations promote tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we established nine human CRC‐derived organoids and found that three organoid lines carried RNF43 frameshift mutations associated with MSI‐high and BRAFV600E mutations, suggesting that these CRCs developed through the serrated pathway. RNF43 frameshift mutant organoids required both Wnt ligands and R‐spondin for proliferation, indicating that suppression of ZNRF3 and retained RNF43 function by R‐spondin are required to achieve an indispensable level of Wnt activation for tumorigenesis. However, active β‐catenin levels in RNF43‐mutant organoids were lower than those in APC two‐hit mutant CRC, suggesting a lower threshold for Wnt activation in CRC that developed through the serrated pathway. Interestingly, transplantation of RNF43‐mutant organoids with intestinal myofibroblasts accelerated the β‐catenin nuclear accumulation and proliferation of xenograft tumors, indicating a key role of stromal cells in the promotion of the malignant phenotype of RNF43‐mutant CRC cells. Sequencing of subcloned organoid cell‐expressed transcripts revealed that two organoid lines carried monoallelic RNF43 cis‐mutations, with two RNF43 frameshift mutations introduced in the same allele and the wild‐type RNF43 allele remaining, while the other organoid line carried two‐hit biallelic RNF43 trans‐mutations. These results suggest that heterozygous RNF43 frameshift mutations contribute to CRC development via the serrated pathway; however, a second‐hit RNF43 mutation may be advantageous in tumorigenesis compared with a single‐hit mutation through further activation of Wnt signaling. Finally, treatment with the PORCN inhibitor significantly suppressed RNF43‐mutant cell‐derived PDX tumor development. These results suggest a novel mechanism underlying RNF43 mutation‐associated CRC development and the therapeutic potential of Wnt ligand inhibition against RNF43‐mutant CRC. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Printed Notched Antenna with Long Meandered Line for Eight-Band LTE/GSM/UMTS Wireless USB Dongle Operation

Abstract This paper presents a planar notched antenna with a long meandered line for wireless USB dongle applications. The printed notched structure is used as additional resonators to generate multiple bands operation for covering GSM1800/1900/UMTS2100/LTE2300/2500 bands. In addition, with the help of the long meandered line via hole to ground, a lower resonant mode is sufficiently generated at around 770 MHz and forms a wider lower operating bandwidth (LTE700/GSM850/900). Briefly printed on a 0.8 mm thick FR4 dielectric substrate of size 20×70 mm² and electrically connected (via hole) to the ground plane of the USB dongle, the proposed antenna can provide a wide operating bandwidth (3:1 VSWR) of larger than 120 % centered at 2,000 MHz, allowing it to cover 698–960 and 1,710–2,690 MHz bands. The proposed antenna also can be attached to laptop computer by the USB interface. Detailed design considerations of the proposed antenna are described, and obtained experimental and simulation results are also presented and discussed in this paper.
Appropriateness and Economic Analysis of Conventional Circulating Biomarkers Assessment in Early Breast Cancer: A Real-World Experience from the E.Pic.A Study

The risk of relapse for early breast cancer (BC) patients persists even after decades and to date, no specific and sensitive effective circulating biomarker for recurrence prediction has been identified yet. The international guidelines do not recommend the assessment of the serum tumor markers CEA and CA15-3 in the follow-up of asymptomatic early BC patients. In our institute, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, as part of the E.Pic. A study, which was designed to assess the economic appropriateness of integrated care pathways in early BC, the use of CEA and CA15-3 as circulating tumor biomarkers in early BC patients was evaluated in 1502 patients one year after surgery, from 2015 to 2018, with an overall expense of EUR 51,764. A total of EUR 47,780 (92%) was used for execution of circulating tumor markers in early BC patients with stage 0, I and II tumors, neglecting the current guidelines and considered inappropriate by our professional board. We found that no patients with stage I BC experienced relapse in the 365 days after surgery, and in any case examination of the circulating markers CEA and CA15-3 was considered crucial for diagnosis of relapse. Our findings suggest that this inadequacy is a low-value area, supporting the reallocation of economic resources for interventions of a higher value for patients.
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab Monotherapy in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Objectives Systemic therapies for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are limited. The combination of bevacizumab and temsirolimus showed significant antitumor activity, but the single-agent activity of bevacizumab was unknown. We conducted a single-arm, phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab in PNETs. Methods Patients with progressive disease by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 within 7 months of enrollment were eligible for bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Adverse events were assessed according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. The primary end point was response rate (RR). Results Twenty-four patients were enrolled and followed up for a median duration of 36.1 months. Confirmed RR was 12.5%; 75.0% of patients had stable disease at 6 months. Median progression-free survival was 18.0 months; median overall survival was not reached. Common grade 3 adverse events were hypertension (45.8%) and proteinuria (8.3%). No grade 4 adverse events were observed. Conclusions Bevacizumab demonstrated promising antitumor activity in progressive PNETs comparable to standard targeted therapy. Although this study failed to reject the null hypothesis (RR, 10%), bevacizumab seems a reasonable monotherapy and a potential component of combination therapies given clinical activity and low rates of adverse events.