Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dark matter influence on black objects thermodynamics

Physical process version of the first law of black hole thermodynamics in Einstein-Maxwell dark matter gravity was derived. The dark matter sector is mimicked by the additional U(1)-gauge field coupled to the ordinary Maxwell one. By considering any cross section of the black hole event horizon to the future of the bifurcation surface, the equilibrium state version of the first law of black hole mechanics was achieved. The considerations were generalized to the case of Einstein-Yang-Mills dark matter gravity theory. The main conclusion is that the influence of dark matter is crucial in the formation process of black objects. This fact may constitute the explanation of the recent observations of the enormous mass of the super luminous quasars formed in a relatively short time after Big Bang. We also pay attention to the compact binaries thermodynamics, when dark matter sector enters the game.
Self-organizing dynamical networks able to learn autonomously

We present a model for the time evolution of network architectures based on dynamical systems. We show that the evolution of the existence of a connection in a network can be described as a stochastic non-Markovian telegraphic signal (NMTS). Such signal is formulated in two ways: as an algorithm and as the result of a system of differential equations. The autonomous learning conjecture (Kaluza P. and Mikhailov A. S., Phys. Rev. E, 90 (2014) 030901(R)) is implemented in the proposed dynamics. As a result, we construct self-organizing dynamical systems (networks) able to modify their structures in order to learn prescribed target functionalities. This theory is applied to two systems: the flow processing networks with time-programmed responses, and a system of first-order chemical reactions. In both cases, we show examples of the evolution and a statistical analysis of the obtained functional networks with respect to the model parameters.
Re-appraisal and extension of the Gratton-Vargas two-dimensional analytical snowplow model of plasma focus - III: Scaling theory for high pressure operation and its implications

Recent work on the revised Gratton-Vargas model has demonstrated that there are some aspects of Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) which are not sensitive to details of plasma dynamics and are well captured in an oversimplified model assumption which contains very little plasma physics. A hyperbolic conservation law formulation of DPF physics reveals the existence of a velocity threshold related to specific energy of dissociation and ionization, above which, the work done during shock propagation is adequate to ensure dissociation and ionization of the gas being ingested. These developments are utilized to formulate an algorithmic definition of DPF optimization that is valid in a wide range of applications, not limited to neutron emission. A universal scaling theory of DPF design optimization is proposed and illustrated for designing devices working at one or two orders higher pressure of deuterium than the current practice of designs optimized at pressures less than 10 mbar of deuterium. These examples show that the upper limit for operating pressure is of technological (and not physical) origin.
Structural identifiability of dynamical systems

Deterministic identifiability of finite dimensional dynamical systems is analysed using a generalized concept of structural invariants. Results applied to time-invariant bilinear and time-variable linear systems yield algebraic conditions for identifiability which are natural generalizations of the well known identifiability criteria for time-invariant linear systems.
Development and evaluation of a new soil moisture and runoff parameterization for the CABLE LSM including subgrid‐scale processes

New conceptual parameterizations of subgrid‐scale soil moisture, runoff generation, and groundwater are developed and tested in the offline version of the Community Atmosphere and Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model. These developments are designed to address a known bias in CABLE: the excess simulation of mean evapotranspiration over most of the Northern Hemisphere and over most vegetation types at global scales. The inclusion of subgrid‐scale soil moisture parameterizations and runoff generation processes largely mitigates the overestimation of evapotranspiration, and simultaneously improves the simulation of mean runoff. There are also pronounced improvements in total water storage anomalies as compared to various observationally derived estimates. It is shown that surface and subsurface runoff generation resulting from subgrid‐scale soil moisture heterogeneity is necessary to accurately simulate the mean observed runoff and evapotranspiration. Surface runoff generation is largely responsible from reducing the mean evapotranspiration bias north of 30°N. We note that the inability of previous CABLE evaluation studies to demonstrate the need for subgrid‐scale heterogeneity is likely due to only testing at flux tower site scales. Evaluating land models at point scale and catchment scale across a large range of climate and vegetation types is necessary to evaluate the contributions of processes that influence the model at various spatial scales. Flux tower data are therefore a necessary but insufficient constraint on land surface models.
Quantum field theory for the chiral clock transition in one spatial dimension

We describe the quantum phase transition in the $N$-state chiral clock model in spatial dimension $d=1$. With couplings chosen to preserve time-reversal and spatial inversion symmetries, such a model is in the universality class of recent experimental studies of the ordering of pumped Rydberg states in a one-dimensional chain of trapped ultracold alkali atoms. For such couplings and $N=3$, the clock model is expected to have a direct phase transition from a gapped phase with a broken global $\mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetry, to a gapped phase with the $\mathbb{Z}_N$ symmetry restored. The transition has dynamical critical exponent $z \neq 1$, and so cannot be described by a relativistic quantum field theory. We use a lattice duality transformation to map the transition onto that of a Bose gas in $d=1$, involving the onset of a single boson condensate in the background of a higher-dimensional $N$-boson condensate. We present a renormalization group analysis of the strongly coupled field theory for the Bose gas transition in an expansion in $2-d$, with $4-N$ chosen to be of order $2-d$. At two-loop order, we find a regime of parameters with a renormalization group fixed point which can describe a direct phase transition. We also present numerical density-matrix renormalization group studies of lattice chiral clock and Bose gas models for $N=3$, finding good evidence for a direct phase transition, and obtain estimates for $z$ and the correlation length exponent $\nu$.
Distribution of Cold Dust in Orion A and B

Large-scale far-infrared (FIR) observations of the Orion complex at 205 and 138 μm are presented with the aim of studying the distribution of cold (<25 K) dust. The maps in these FIR bands extend over ∼3600 arcmin2 and cover regions around OMC-1, 2, and 3 in Orion A and NGC 2023 and NGC 2024 in Orion B. Some limited regions have also been mapped at 57 μm. A total of 15 sources in Orion A and 14 in Orion B (south) have been identified from our FIR maps. Dust temperature distribution in both Orion A and Orion B (south) have been determined reliably using the maps at 205 and 138 μm obtained from simultaneous observations using almost identical beams (1.′6 diameter). These temperatures have been used to generate the map of τ150, the optical depth at 150 μm, for the Orion B region. The coldest source detected is in OMC-3 and has temperature ∼15 K. The diffuse FIR emission in the different subregions is found to vary between 25% and 50% of the total FIR emission from that subregion.
Predicting health programme participation: a gravity‐based, hierarchical modelling approach

Statistical analyses of health programme participation seek to address a number of objectives that are compatible with the evaluation of demand for current resources. In this spirit, a spatial hierarchical model is developed for disentangling patterns in participation at the small area level, as a function of population‐based demand and additional variation. For the former, a constrained gravity model is proposed to quantify factors associated with spatial choice and to account for competition effects, for programmes delivered by multiple clinics. The implications of gravity model misspecification within a mixed effects framework are also explored. The model proposed is applied to participation data from a no‐fee mammography programme in Brisbane, Australia. Attention is paid to the interpretation of various model outputs and their relevance for public health policy.
Two gesture-computing approaches by using electromagnetic waves

We are concerned with a novel sensor-based gesture input/instruction technology which enables human beings to interact with computers conveniently. The human being wears an emitter on the finger or holds a digital pen that generates a time harmonic point charge. The inputs/instructions are performed through moving the finger or the digital pen. The computer recognizes the instruction by determining the motion trajectory of the dynamic point charge from the collected electromagnetic field measurement data. The identification process is mathematically modelled as a dynamic inverse source problem for time-dependent Maxwell's equations. From a practical point of view, the point source should be assumed to move in an unknown inhomogeneous background medium, which models the human body and the surroundings. Moreover, a salient feature is that the electromagnetic radiated data are only collected in a limited aperture. For the inverse problem, we develop, from the respectively deterministic and stochastic viewpoints, a dynamic direct sampling method and a modified particle filter method. Both approaches can effectively recover the motion trajectory. Rigorous theoretical justifications are presented for the mathematical modelling and the proposed recovery methods. Extensive numerical experiments are conducted to illustrate the promising features of the two proposed recognition approaches.
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering study of the hole-doped manganites La 1 − x Sr x MnO 3 ( x = 0.2 , 0.4)

Electronic excitations in the hole doped manganese oxides (${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, $x=0.2$ and 0.4) have been elucidated by using the resonant inelastic x-ray scattering method. A doping effect in the strongly correlated electron systems has been observed. The scattering spectra show that a salient peak appears in low energies indicating the persistence of the Mott gap. At the same time, the energy gap is partly filled by doping holes and the spectral weight energy shifts toward lower energies. The excitation spectra show little change in the momentum space as is in undoped ${\mathrm{LaMnO}}_{3}$. On the other hand, the scattering intensities in the low-energy excitations of $x=0.2$ are anisotropic in temperature dependence, which indicates an anisotropy of magnetic interaction and underlying effect of the orbital.
Mn-rich clusters in GaN: Hexagonal or cubic symmetry?

In this study, we report the application of synchrotron radiation microprobe to the analysis of Mn-rich clusters in GaN. From the Mn and Ga fluorescence line intensity ratio, an average Mn concentration of 11% was deduced. A combination of fluorescence mapping with spectroscopic techniques enabled us to examine not only the cluster elemental nature but also their crystallographic orientation on the submicron scale. The strong polarization-dependent x-ray absorption near-edge structure features showed the preservation of the hexagonal symmetry in both cluster-free and Mn-rich regions. However, from the x-ray absorption data taken inside the clusters, a preferential disorder was observed in the direction parallel to the crystal growth rather than perpendicular to it.
X-Ray Emission Properties of Large-Scale Jets, Hot Spots, and Lobes in Active Galactic Nuclei

We examine a systematic comparison of jet knots, hot spots, and radio lobes recently observed with Chandra and ASCA. This report discusses the origin of their X-ray emissions and investigates the dynamics of the jets. The data were compiled at well-sampled radio (5 GHz) and X-ray (1 keV) frequencies for more than 40 radio galaxies. We examine three models for the X-ray production: synchrotron (SYN), synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and external Compton (EC) on cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons. For the SYN sources—mostly jet knots in nearby low-luminosity radio galaxies—X-ray photons are produced by ultrarelativistic electrons with energies 10-100 TeV that must be accelerated in situ. For the other objects, conservatively classified as SSC or EC sources, a simple formulation of calculating the "expected" X-ray fluxes under an equipartition hypothesis is presented. We confirm that the observed X-ray fluxes are close to the expected ones for nonrelativistic emitting plasma velocities in the case of radio lobes and the majority of hot spots, whereas a considerable fraction of jet knots are too bright in X-rays to be explained in this way. We examine two possibilities to account for the discrepancy in a framework of the inverse Compton model: (1) the magnetic field is much smaller than the equipartition value, and (2) the jets are highly relativistic on kiloparsec and megaparsec scales. We conclude that if the inverse Compton model is the case, the X-ray-bright jet knots are most likely far from the minimum-power condition. We also briefly discuss the other possibility, namely, that the observed X-ray emission from all the jet knots is synchrotron in origin.
Intrinsic Spin-Hall Effect in n-Doped Bulk GaAs

We show that the bulk Dresselhauss (k{sup 3}) spin-orbit coupling term leads to an intrinsic spin-Hall effect in n-doped bulk GaAs, but without the appearance of uniform magnetization. The spin-Hall effect in strained and unstrained bulk GaAs has been recently observed experimentally by Kato et. al. [1]. We show that the experimental result is quantitatively consistent with the intrinsic spin-Hall effect due to the Dresselhauss term, when lifetime broadening is taken into account. On the other hand, extrinsic contribution to the spin-Hall effect is several orders of magnitude smaller than the observed effect.
Spatially convective global modes in a boundary layer

The linear stability of a weakly nonparallel flow, the case of a flat plate boundary layer, is revisited by a linear global stability approach where the two spatial directions are taken as inhomogeneous, leading to a fully nonparallel stability method. The resulting discrete eigenvalues obtained by the fully nonparallel approach seem to be in agreement with classical Tollmien–Schlichting waves. Then the different modes are compared with classical linear stability approach and weakly nonparallel method based on linear parabolized stability equations (PSEs). It is illustrated that the nonparallel correction provided by the linear global stability approach is well matched by linear PSE. Furthermore, physical interpretation of these spatio-temporal global modes is given where a real pulsation, which has more physical interest, is considered. In particular the use of a Gaster transformation and the pseudospectrum illustrate the local and global properties of these Tollmien–Schlichting modes. Finally, the contr.
Resonance magnetoelectric effects in layered magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composites

Magnetoelectric interactions in bilayers of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases are mediated by mechanical deformation. This work is concerned with the theory and companion data for magnetoelectric (ME) coupling at electromechanical resonance (EMR) in the layered samples. Estimated ME voltage coefficient versus frequency profiles for nickel, cobalt, or lithium ferrite and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) predict a giant ME effect at EMR with the highest coupling expected for cobalt ferrite-PZT. There is excellent agreement between the theory and data for layered nickel ferrite-PZT; the ME voltage coefficient at resonance increases by a factor of 40 compared to low frequency values. Similar measurements on layered ferromagnetic alloy-PZT and bulk ferrite-PZT reveal even a stronger EMR assisted enhancement in ME coupling.
Compressing stereo images in discrete Fourier transform domain

Frequency features of stereo images are investigated in the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) domain by characterizing phase and magnitude properties originated from the horizontal disparities in the stereo images. Also, the well-known DFT properties including the conjugate symmetry property are utilized to identify essential frequency components of stereo images. Our investigation reveals that the DFT of the stereo images has useful properties that can prioritize the DFT coefficients for compact representations and compressions.
Nanostructured ceria: a comparative study from X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and BET specific surface measurements

We present a comparative study of nanostructured materials, based on three experimental analyses allowing determination of crystallite sizes or specific surfaces: each of these analyses, X‐ray diffraction profile analyses (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) gas adsorption technique, should deliver nanoparticle size determination from a specific modelling approach. These three experimental techniques were used to correlate specific surfaces to grain sizes, in the case of nanostructured powders of cerium dioxide, CeO2. Ceria powders were first elaborated by a sol–gel method and then subjected to various heat treatments: the resulting sizes calculated from these XRD, Raman and BET techniques were compared and discussed. Nanocrystal sizes were finally correlated to crystal lattice parameters and Raman frequency. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superefficient electric-field–induced spin-orbit splitting in strained p-type quantum wells

We investigate theoretically the efficiency of the Rashba effect, i.e. the spin-orbit splitting resulting from an electric field. In contrast to previous studies, where the carriers have usually been taken to be electrons, we focus on holes and are able to demonstrate remarkable improvements of the effect by several orders of magnitude. We also show that the frequently-neglected lattice-mismatch between GaAs and AlGaAs can be used to further enhance the efficiency of the wave vector splitting mechanism. The Rashba effect is the fundamental mechanism behind the Datta-Das spin transistor and we find that for a small electric field of 2 kV/cm the spin precession length becomes only 36 nm.
Black holes and stars in the minimal theory of massive gravity

In this letter, we show that any solution of general relativity (GR) that can be rendered spatially flat by a coordinate change is also a solution of the self-accelerating branch of the minimal theory of massive gravity (MTMG), with or without matter. We then for the first time obtain black hole and star solutions in a theory of massive gravity that agree with the corresponding solutions in GR and that are free from strong coupling issues. This in particular implies that the parametrized post-Newtonian parameters $\beta^{\rm PPN}$ and $\gamma^{\rm PPN}$ are unity, as in GR. We further show how these solutions can be embedded in a cosmological setting. While cosmological scales have already been considered in previous works, this is the first study of the phenomenology at shorter scales of the self-accelerating branch of MTMG.
Curved transflective holographic screens for head-mounted display

A volume hologram recorded with a lens array is proposed as a transflective screen for Head Worn Display (HWD) systems. Design, fabrication as well as proof of concept are reported. Light from a projection system, with similar properties to one mounted on the side of an eyewear, is efficiently diffracted towards the eye with an angular spread given by the numerical aperture of the lenses forming the lens array. Using a dual-focus contact lens, high-resolution images can be added to the HWD user’s normal vision, as light from the surrounding environment is transmitted through the screen with low aberrations. This screen offers the possibility for small footprint and large field of view HWD’s.
Consensus report on 25 yr of searches for damped Ly α galaxies in emission: confirming their metallicity-luminosity relation at z ≳ 2

Starting from a summary of detection statistics of our recent X-shooter campaign, we review the major surveys, both space and ground based, for emission counterparts of high-redshift damped Ly$\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) carried out since the first detection 25 years ago. We show that the detection rates of all surveys are precisely reproduced by a simple model in which the metallicity and luminosity of the galaxy associated to the DLA follow a relation of the form, ${\rm M_{UV}} = -5 \times \left(\,[{\rm M/H}] + 0.3\, \right) - 20.8$, and the DLA cross-section follows a relation of the form $\sigma_{DLA} \propto L^{0.8}$. Specifically, our spectroscopic campaign consists of 11 DLAs preselected based on their equivalent width of SiII $\lambda1526$ to have a metallicity higher than [Si/H] > -1. The targets have been observed with the X-shooter spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope to search for emission lines around the quasars. We observe a high detection rate of 64% (7/11), significantly higher than the typical $\sim$10% for random, HI-selected DLA samples. We use the aforementioned model, to simulate the results of our survey together with a range of previous surveys: spectral stacking, direct imaging (using the `double DLA' technique), long-slit spectroscopy, and integral field spectroscopy. Based on our model results, we are able to reconcile all results. Some tension is observed between model and data when looking at predictions of Ly$\alpha$ emission for individual targets. However, the object to object variations are most likely a result of the significant scatter in the underlying scaling relations as well as uncertainties in the amount of dust which affects the emission.
Electron-Positron Production in Ultra-Peripheral Heavy-Ion Collisions with the STAR Experiment

This thesis presents a measurement of the cross-section of the purely electromagnetic production of e{sup +}e{sup -} pairs accompanied by mutual nuclear Coulomb excitation AuAu {yields} Au*Au* + e{sup +}e{sup -}, in ultra-peripheral gold-gold collisions at RHIC at the center-of-mass collision energy of {radical}S{sub NN} = 200 GeV per nucleon. These reactions were selected by detecting neutron emission by the excited gold ions in the Zero Degree Calorimeters. The charged tracks in the e{sup +}e{sup -} events were reconstructed with the STAR Time Projection Chamber. The detector acceptance limits the kinematical range of the observed e{sup +}e{sup -} pairs; therefore the measured cross-section is extrapolated to 4{pi} with the use of Monte Carlo simulations. We have developed a Monte Carlo simulation for ultra-peripheral e{sup +}e{sup -} production at RHIC based on the Equivalent Photon Approximation, the lowest-order QED e{sup +}e{sup -} production cross-section by two real photons and the assumption that the mutual nuclear excitations and the e{sup +}e{sup -} production are independent (EPA model). We compare our experimental results to two models: the EPA model and a model based on full QED calculation of the e{sup +}e{sup -} production, taking the photon virtuality into account. The measured differential cross-section d{sigma}/dM{sub inv} (M{sub inv} - e{sup +}e{sup -} invariant mass) agrees well with both theoretical models. The measured differential cross-section d{sigma}/dp{sub {perpendicular}}{sup tot} (p{sub {perpendicular}}{sup tot} - e{sup +}e{sup -} total transverse momentum) favors the full QED calculation over the EPA model.