Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimentally Quantifying the Advantages of Weak-Value-Based Experimentally Quantifying the Advantages of Weak-Value-Based Metrology Metrology

We experimentally investigate the relative advantages of implementing weak-value-based metrology versus standard methods. While the techniques outlined herein apply more generally, we measure small optical beam deﬂections both using a Sagnac interferometer with a monitored dark port (the weak-value-based technique), and by focusing the entire beam to a split detector (the standard technique). By introducing controlled external transverse detector modulations and transverse beam deﬂection momentum modulations, we quantify the mitigation of these sources in the weak-value-based experiment versus the standard focusing experiment. The experiments are compared using a combination of deterministic and stochastic methods. In all cases, the weak-value technique performs the same or better than the standard technique by up to two orders of magnitude in precision for our parameters. We further measure the statistical efﬁciency of the weak-value-based technique. By postselecting on 1% of the photons, we obtain 99% of the available Fisher information of the beam deﬂection parameter.
Linguistic Proﬁle of a Text and Human Ratings of Writing Quality: a Case Study on Italian L1 Learner Essays

This paper presents a study based on the linguistic proﬁling methodology to explore the relationship between the linguistic structure of a text and how it is perceived in terms of writing quality by humans. The approach is tested on a selection of Italian L1 learners essays, which were taken from a larger longitudinal corpus of essays written by Italian L1 students enrolled in the ﬁrst and second year of lower secondary school. Human ratings of writing quality by Italian native speakers were collected through a crowdsourcing task, in which annotators were asked to read pairs of essays and rated which one they believed to be better written. By analyzing these ratings, the study identiﬁes a variety of linguistic phenomena spanning across distinct levels of linguistic description that distinguish the essays considered as ‘winners’ and evaluates the impact of students’ errors on the human perception of writing quality.
A ground-truth dataset and classiﬁcation model for detecting bots in GitHub issue and PR comments

Bots are frequently used in Github repositories to automate repetitive activities that are part of the distributed software development process. They communicate with human actors through comments. While detecting their presence is important for many reasons, no large and representative ground-truth dataset is available, nor are classiﬁcation models to detect and validate bots on the basis of such a dataset. This paper proposes a ground-truth dataset, based on a manual analysis with high interrater agreement, of pull request and issue comments in 5,000 distinct Github accounts of which 527 have been identiﬁed as bots. Using this dataset we propose an automated classiﬁcation model to detect bots, taking as main features the number of empty and non-empty comments of each account, the number of comment patterns, and the inequality between comments within comment patterns. We obtained a very high weighted average precision, recall and F1-score of 0.98 on a test set containing 40% of the data. We integrated the classiﬁcation model into an open source command-line tool to allow practitioners to detect which accounts in a given Github repository actually correspond to bots.
Kent Academic

Machine learning methods have found many applications in Raman spectroscopy, especially for the identiﬁcation of chemical species. However, almost all of these methods require non-trivial preprocessing such as baseline correction and/or PCA as an essential step. Here we describe our uniﬁed solution for the identiﬁcation of chemical species in which a convolutional neural network is trained to automatically identify substances according to their Raman spectrum without the need for preprocessing. We evaluated our approach using the RRUFF spectral database, comprising mineral sample data. Superior classiﬁcation performance is demonstrated compared with other frequently used machine learning algorithms including the popular support vector machine method.
Examination of the Bi-directional Inﬂuences Between Parental Mediation and Adolescent Online Risk Exposure

Parental mediation is a key factor that inﬂuences adolescents’ exposure to online risk. Yet, research on this topic has mostly been cross-sectional and correlative, not exploring whether the relationship between parental mediation and adolescent online risk exposure could be bi-directional, where teens’ risk exposure inﬂuences parenting practices. To address this gap, we conducted an eight week, repeated measures web-based diary study with 68 adolescents (aged 13–17) and their parents to examine the relationships between three parental mediation strategies (active mediation, monitoring, and restriction) and three adolescent online risk types (explicit content, sexual solicitations, and online harassment) teens reported encountering online. Overall, parents and teens had signiﬁcantly different perceptions regarding parental mediation, which yielded some consistent and conﬂicting results. Parents and teens agreed that parental restriction signiﬁcantly increased the week in which the teen encountered all three risk types, and active mediation increased during the week in which the teen encountered online harassment. Parents and teens also consistently reported that restriction signiﬁcantly decreased the week after an online harassment incident. Overall, we found that parental mediation and teen online risk exposure were most often signiﬁcantly correlated in the same week, suggesting parenting occurred ‘just-in-time,’ rather than parents and teens’ behaviors bi-directionally inﬂuencing one another significantly from week-to-week. Our ﬁndings provide new insights into parent-teen perspectives on parental mediation and highlight the bi-directional relationship of parental mediation and online risk. We offer recommendations to facilitate ‘just in time’ parenting and provide teens with the necessary support to help keep them safe online.
Towards Colombian small-scale marine fisheries management: Hacia un manejo de la pesca marina artesanal en Colombia

TOWARDS COLOMBIAN SMALL-SCALE MARINE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT by Lina M. Saavedra-Diaz University of New Hampshire, May, 2012 Small-scale fisheries are an important economic and social foundation for the livelihood of coastal communities in Colombia. Yet artisanal fishing communities are characterized by a low quality of life and a struggle for the basic components of well being, in part because of inadequate marine resource management. As a consequence of inadequate management, some resources are already overexploited and depletion threatens the food security of these fishing villages. Lack of information on fisheries resources, open access artisanal fisheries, and poor socio-economic conditions, coupled with the high diversity and low abundance characteristic of tropical environments, place these fisheries resources at risk. Both food resources and the economic activities that support local people will suffer the effects. However, co-management has proven to be an effective tool in marine resource management for preserving both natural resources and fishing communities. Here we report on a project to evaluate four traditional small-scale marine fishing communities on the Pacific coast and five on the Caribbean coast in order to describe and understand their historical and actual situations. This study will support the development of the first small-scale marine fisheries management plan in Colombia.
Changes in Total Serum Calcium Level and Shell Calcium Content in Bank Myna, Acridotheres ginginianus (Latham) During Breeding Season

Bank Myna is a wild Passerine seasonal breeder of North India. Higher values of serum Ca had been documented in early breeding season which gradually reduced in late breeding season. Eggshell Ca content closely correspond the rise and fall in serum Ca level. Highest serum Ca level of 15.13+0.146mg/dl and eggshell Ca content of 357.25+0.310mg/g were recorded in first week of June.
Automatic Adjustment Method of an Operational Assist Rate for a Hydraulic Excavator by Shared Management

Sustainable development goals (SDGs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years. In Japan, “Society 5.0” has been proposed and promoted by various organizations as a vision for a future society linked to achieving these SDGs. Particularly, “i-Construction” has been promoted in the construction industry. For example, hydraulic excavators are automated (or semi-automated). Nevertheless, having a sense of accomplishment and motivation for the work through active operations is important for operators. In this study, a control system that automatically adjusts the operational assistance rate according to the user is proposed. Modeling a person is difficult because they exhibit time-varying and nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, the control system uses work data to evaluate the differences in the desired characteristics and adaptively adjusts the operational assist rate. The proposed method was implemented on a hydraulic excavator and its effectiveness was verified.
Trusted Detection for Parkinson's Disease Based on Multi-Type Speech Fusion

Most patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from varying degrees of dysarthria. Therefore, speech can be exploited as an effective source of diagnostic information for PD. Different types of speech tasks are designed to evaluate subjects' verbal ability. Currently, machine learning methods for the detection of PD mostly concentrate on a single type of speech data. To make full use of the information from multiple sources, multimodal learning has been proposed and developed rapidly in recent years. However, most multimodal frameworks fall short of the reliability requirements of medical diagnosis. To solve this problem, a trustworthy model based on multi-type acoustic materials is proposed in this paper. The framework consists of three major components, i.e., pseudo-type generation, decision-making, and opinion combination. The objective of this endeavor is to offer accurate and reliable PD detection, aiding in the diagnostic process. Experimental results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed model over state-of-the-art fusion methods and highlight the necessity of each component in the proposed framework.
Safety of bevacizumab and olaparib as frontline maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer: expert review for clinical practice

Olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, in combination with the antiangiogenic agent bevacizumab, is approved as maintenance therapy for patients with newly diagnosed stage III or IV epithelial ovarian cancer who have homologous recombination deficient tumors with a deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA mutation and/or genomic instability based on the long-lasting survival benefit observed in the PAOLA-1 trial. Despite treatment with olaparib and bevacizumab showing an acceptable safety profile, the rate of discontinuations due to adverse events was relatively high, and toxicity related to this regimen may restrict its clinical use. Proper management of olaparib/bevacizumab-related adverse events is important for the improvement of quality of life and maximization of the efficacy of maintenance therapy. Here, we summarize the safety results of the PAOLA-1 study, focusing on treatment discontinuation reasons and adverse event profiles. We sought to shed light on toxicity monitoring and prevention, providing concise recommendations for the clinical management of the most relevant side effects.
Transport au niveau de la tropopause tropicale et convection

Ce travail de these vise a ameliorer la comprehension du mecanisme de transport des parcelles d'air nuageuses dans la tropopause tropicale (TTL). Les sommets des nuages convectifs profonds sont determines a partir des donnees de temperature de brillance CLAUS. Un bon accord statistique entre les trajectoires, integrees en avant et en arriere dans le temps entre ces sommets et la surface 380K, a ete obtenu entre 2005 et 2008. La contribution verticale des sources convectives et les temps de transit associes a chaque sous-regions tropicales ont ete quantifies. Tout au long de l'annee, environ 85% des parcelles tropicales a 380K proviennent d'un sommet de nuage convectif. De novembre a avril, les sources de la warm pool predominent et contribuent jusqu'a 70% du flux de masse ascendant. Durant l'ete, la region de la mousson asiatique est le plus grand contributeur. Les regions oceaniques et continentales asiatiques contribuent similairement mais les proprietes de transit different significativement. Le plateau Tibetain, faible contributeur, est la region pour laquelle l'impact de la convection a 380K est la plus importante. Les differences de taux de chauffage entre les reanalyses impacte le transport. Les proprietes de transit sont tres largement expliquees par un simple modele regional unidimensionnel soulignant l'importance de la proximite du niveau de chauffage radiatif nul.
Experiences of Vegans with General Practitioners in the Austrian Health Care System: A Qualitative Study

This article explores the factors influencing the choice of general practitioners (GPs) and their role in the health care of vegans in Austria. The number of people identifying as vegan is on the rise, and GPs are increasingly confronted with vegan patients. A qualitative method was chosen for this study, and 14 semi-structured interviews with vegans were conducted between April 2022 and July 2022. Participants were recruited primarily through vegan social media groups. In their experiences with health care, vegans felt treated unequally or sometimes incorrectly. The experiences described highlight that participants felt that most GPs were biased against their veganism. Information exchange among vegans primarily takes place online and through publications of vegan associations, while GPs play a minor role in information provision. As the number of vegans grows, an appreciative way of communicating between GPs and vegan patients ought to be promoted. Voluntary interdisciplinary nutritional training, collaboration of the medical field with support organizations, provision of evidence-based information, and collaboration with dietitians and nutritionists could enrich the care of patients with a vegan diet.
Implementation of a Multistation Approach for Automated Event Classification at Piton de la Fournaise Volcano

ABSTRACT We implemented the first operational automated seismic‐event classification system for monitoring activity at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano observatory (OVPF, La Reunion Island). Our classifier is based on the Random Forest algorithm. It distinguishes between eight classes of seismic signals: summit and deep volcano tectonic events, local, regional, and teleseismic earthquakes, T phases, rockfalls, and sound waves. It adopts a multistation approach and automatically selects the best features for each station and combination of stations from a large set of waveform‐ and spectrum‐based features. It reaches peak performance when it runs on a three‐station combination: one station on the summit of Piton de la Fournaise, one in its caldera, and one on the volcano flank. We interfaced our classification system with the observatory management interface WebObs used at OVPF.
Preferential phosphatidylglycerol synthesis via phosphorus supply through rRNA degradation in the cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, under phosphate-starved conditions

Photosynthetic organisms often encounter phosphorus (P) limitation in natural habitats. When faced with P limitation, seed plants degrade nucleic acids and extra-plastid phospholipids to remobilize P, thereby enhancing their internal-P utilization efficiency. Although prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms decrease the content of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) under P-limited conditions, it remains unclear whether PG is degraded for P remobilization. Moreover, information is limited on internal-P remobilization in photosynthetic microbes. This study investigates internal-P remobilization under P-starvation (-P) conditions in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, focusing on PG and nucleic acids. Our results reveal that the PG content increases by more than double in the -P culture, indicating preferential PG synthesis among cellular P compounds. Simultaneously, the faster increases of glycolipids counteract this PG increase, which decreases the PG proportion in total lipids. Two genes, glpD and plsX, contribute to the synthesis of diacylglycerol moieties in glycerolipids, with glpD also responsible for the polar head group synthesis in PG. The mRNA levels of both glpD and plsX are upregulated during -P, which would cause the preferential metabolic flow of their P-containing substrates toward glycerolipid synthesis, particularly PG synthesis. Meanwhile, we find that RNA accounts for 62% of cellular P, and that rRNA species, which makes up the majority of RNA, are degraded under -P conditions to less than 30% of their initial levels. These findings emphasize the importance of PG in -P-acclimating cell growth and the role of rRNA as a significant internal-P source for P remobilization, including preferential PG synthesis.
Methicillin Resistance Elements in the Canine Pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Their Association with the Peptide Toxin PSM-mec

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a frequent cause of infections in dogs. Infectious isolates of this coagulase-positive staphylococcal species are often methicillin- and multidrug-resistant, which complicates therapy. In staphylococci, methicillin resistance is encoded by determinants found on mobile genetic elements called Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette mec (SCCmec), which, in addition to methicillin resistance factors, sometimes encode additional genes, such as further resistance factors and, rarely, virulence determinants. In this study, we analyzed SCCmec in a collection of infectious methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates from predominant lineages in the United States. We found that several lineages characteristically have specific types of SCCmec elements and Agr types and harbor additional factors in their SCCmec elements that may promote virulence or affect DNA uptake. All isolates had SCCmec-encoded restriction–modification (R-M) systems of types I or II, and sequence types (STs) ST84 and ST64 had one type II and one type I R-M system, although the latter lacked a complete methylation enzyme gene. ST68 isolates also had an SCCmec-encoded CRISPR system. ST71 isolates had a psm-mec gene, which, in all but apparently Agr-dysfunctional isolates, produced a PSM-mec peptide toxin, albeit at relatively small amounts. This study gives detailed insight into the composition of SCCmec elements in infectious isolates of S. pseudintermedius and lays the genetic foundation for further efforts directed at elucidating the contribution of identified accessory SCCmec factors in impacting SCCmec-encoded and thus methicillin resistance-associated virulence and resistance to DNA uptake in this leading canine pathogen.
Analysis of Lipophilic Constituents Related to Heartwood Formation in
 Young Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq Trees

Swietenia mahagoni is one of the commercial timbers in Indonesia. Mahogany heartwood is an important characteristic as it relates to the natural durability and aesthetics of the wood. Lipophilic extractives are known to be involved in the heartwood formation process. Therefore, this study aims to determine the lipophilic compounds associated with heartwood formation. The n -hexane extract from sapwood and heartwood samples (1 to 5 years) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the content of n -hexane extract ranged from 0.76% to 2.45% based on dry wood. The main group of compounds identified in the lipophilic fraction consisted of sterols (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campasterol, and cyclolaudenol), fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and stearic acid), and hydrocarbons (pentadecane, 1-octadecane, hexadecane, cyclotetracosane, cycloeicosane, and cyclooctacosane) after heartwood formation. In addition, the hydrocarbon fraction was the largest, followed by sterols, fatty acids, and 1-heneicosanol. In the radial variation, the distribution of fatty acids was greater in the sapwood than in the heartwood (4-year-old). However, the reverse pattern was found at the age of 5 years. The lipophilic fraction was generally more abundant in the heartwood compared to the sapwood, especially at 5 years of age, with much higher levels than when the heartwood was forming (4 years). These findings show that when the heartwood formation begins, the lipid composition was not fully metabolized at the beginning of heartwood formation compared to 5-year-old trees.
New Developments in Covariance Modeling and Coregionalization for the Study and Simulation of Natural Phenomena

RESUME La geostatistique s’interesse a la modelisation des phenomenes naturels par des champs aleatoires univariables ou multivariables. La plupart des applications utilisent un modele stationnaire pour representer le phenomene etudie. Il est maintenant reconnu que ce modele n’est pas assez flexible pour representer adequatement un phenomene naturel montrant des comportements qui varient considerablement dans l’espace (un exemple simple de cette heterogeneite est le probleme de l’estimation de l’epaisseur du mort-terrain en presence d’affleurements). Pour le cas univariable, quelques modeles non-stationnaires ont ete developpes recemment. Toutefois, ces modeles n’ont pas un support compact, ce qui limite leur domaine d’application. Il y a un reel besoin d’enrichir la classe des modeles non-stationnaires univariable, le premier objectif poursuivi par cette these. ----------ABSTRACT Geostatistics focus on modeling natural phenomena by univariate or multivariate spatial random fields. Most applications rely on the choice of a stationary model to represent the studied phenomenon. It is now acknowledged that this model is not flexible enough to adequately represent a natural phenomenon showing behaviors that vary substantially in space (a simple example of such heterogeneity is the problem of estimating overburden thickness in the presence of outcrops). For the univariate case, a few non-stationary models were developed recently. However, these models do not have compact support, which limits in practice their range of application. There is a definite need to enlarge the class of univariate non-stationary models, a first goal pursued by this thesis.