Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Repeated Grammatical Error Does Not Make it Right

Grammatical correctness in professional communications can be maintained if scholars and students are reminded of appropriate forms of expression. A recurrent error is the use of the word data as a singular term, when in fact it is plural; datum is the singular. Given that data constitute the basic raw material for statistical research and analysis, it is incumbent upon members of the field to use the term correctly. I became aware of this issue upon recently auditing a course in structural equation modeling (SEM). The EQS program for SEM is a well-known addition to the methodological and statistical resources available to researchers from diverse disciplines (Bentler 2006). However, each output reads: “Data is read from,” then the file source and file name are provided. A search through the EQS manual revealed that this error was repeated eight times in the first 100 of its over 400 pages. Another well-respected and widely used text included the same mistake on multiple occasions, albeit in different forms, that is, “this data” and “data was” (Raykov and Marcoulides 2006). Other examples of the incorrect expression “data is” versus “data are,” and variants thereof, appear in a variety of relevant scholarly sources. They include the Journal of the American Statistical Association (Iacus, King, and Porro 2011), Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (Hernández and Stolfo 1998), the Journal of Management Information Systems (Tuomi 1999), and the Mathematical Intelligencer (Franklin 2005). In three of these sources, the mistake occurs at least twice. Examples from the four papers, respectively, include “The latter would generally be preferred in observational analyses, where data is typically plentiful . ,” “Real-world data is dirty,” “. simple facts that become information as data is combined into meaningful structures,” and “. where the data grossly undermines the answer . “ Similar errors can be found in Bradburn et al. (1979), Rouhani and Myers (1990), Inmon (1996), Ambrosio, Fusco, and Pallara (2000), Brownet al. (2000), and Jahanshahloo, Lotfi, and Izadikhah (2006). The foregoing sample is admittedly small, yet within this modest group the problem looms large. Limited space precludes a larger listing of similarly errant sources that include books, journals, conference proceedings, and national news outlets, some devoted exclusively to statistics, but all reporting statistical concepts and analyses. The repeated occurrence of “data is” in the professional literature may make it reliable, but does not make it right.
H ' control law for line-of-sight stabilization for mobile land vehicles

Rajeev MaratheInstruments Research & DevelopmentEstablishmentRaipur, Dehra Dun 248008 (Uttaranchal)IndiaE-mail: krish@irde.res.inV. R. Sule’Indian Institute of TechnologyElectrical Engineering DepartmentPowaiMumbai-400098, IndiaAbstract. The stabilization of line of sight (LOS) against vehicle-induceddisturbance is an essential feature of an electromechanical gimbaledsighting system with an optical sensor for sighting. We describe the de-sign of a high-performance controller for an electromechancial target-tracking system with an optical sensor for sighting. The control law isobtained using a linear model of the electromechanical system. Themodeling of the system is carried out using the experimental frequencyresponse data. The H
The asymptotic expansion of bessel functions of large order

New expansions are obtained for the functions Iv{yz), ) and their derivatives in terms of elementary functions, and for the functions J v(vz), Yv{vz), H fvz) and their derivatives in terms of Airy functions, which are uniformly valid with respect to z when | | is large. New series for the zeros and associated values are derived by reversion and used to determine the distribution of the zeros of functions of large order in the z-plane. Particular attention is paid to the complex zeros of 7„(z) and the Hankel functions when the order n is an integer or half an odd integer, and for this purpose some new asymptotic expansions of the Airy functions are derived. Tables are given of complex zeros of Airy functions and other quantities which facilitate the rapid calculation of the smaller complex zeros of 7„(z), 7'(z), and the Hankel functions and their derivatives, when 2 n is an integer, to an accuracy of three or four significant figures.
Regular dependence of invariant curves and Aubry–Mather sets of twist maps of an annulus

Abstract We prove that smooth enough invariant curves of monotone twist maps of an annulus with fixed diophantine rotation number depend on the map in a differentiable way. Partial results hold for Aubry-Mather sets. Then we show that invariant curves of the same map with different rotation numbers ω and ω′ cannot approach each other at a distance less than cst. |ω−ω′|. By K.A.M. theory, this implies that, under suitable assumptions, the union of invariant curves has positive measure. Analogous results are due to Zehnder and Herman (for the first part), and to Lazutkin and Pöschel (for the second one), in the case of Hamiltonian systems and area preserving maps.
Effects of the Vitamin D3 on Alleviating the Oxidative Stress Induced by Diquat in Wenchang Chickens

Simple Summary Our study showed that a Vitamin D3 (VD3) addition in Wenchang chickens’ diet could improve the adverse effects of diquat (DQ) on the performance and oxidation status of broilers, recover the secretion of inflammatory-related factors, and the content of serum biochemical indicators associated with intestine, liver, and kidney injury, and increase antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, the liver and intestinal morphology were protected after supplementing VD3. This is a research basis for the application of VD3 as a feed additive in poultry against oxidative stress. Abstract Vitamin D3 (VD3) is an indispensable micronutrient in livestock and poultry feed. Its function in antioxidant stress has been reported. We investigate whether the addition of different concentrations of VD3 to the diet affects the production performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, organ index, and gut injury on the diquat (DQ)-induced model of oxidative stress in Wenchang chickens. Four hundred and eighty one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into six groups: control (basal diet), 4000 VD (basal diet + VD3 4000 IU per kg feed intake), 1000 VD+DI (DQ, basal diet + VD3 1000 IU per kg feed intake), 2000 VD+DI (DQ, basal diet + VD3 2000 IU per kg feed intake), and 4000 VD+DI (DQ, basal diet + VD3 4000 IU per kg feed intake). The results showed that the addition of VD3 to the diet promoted DQ-induced weight loss and reduced ADFI, slaughter rate, splenic index, and pH after 1 h and 24 h in the leg muscles. VD3 decreased the increase in content of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) among proinflammatory cytokines (p < 0.05) and increased the reduction in anti-inflammatory cytokines content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) (p < 0.05) induced by DQ. In addition, liver and kidney injury biomarkers and the intestinal permeability index in serum were disordered after treatment with DQ (p < 0.05). VD3 perfected the increase of D-lactic acid (D-LA), diamine oxidase (DAO), total cholesterol (T-CHO), creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) content, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity (p < 0.05); it increased the decrease of albumin (ALB) content (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, VD3 regulated the intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier. Moreover, DQ induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum, liver, and jejunum (p < 0.05), and an increase in malonaldehyde (MDA) content (p < 0.05). However, the addition of different levels of VD3 could alleviate the above phenomenon of oxidative stress in Wenchang chickens to different degrees. Thus, this research suggested that the addition of VD3 can relieve the DQ-induced oxidative stress of Wenchang chickens, and the level of VD3 acquisition is positively correlated with the remission effect.
Beat frequency extraction method of high speed and high noise Doppler signal based on double correction

Abstract. When detecting ultrahigh speed micro targets, because the photon Doppler signal will be seriously interfered with by high-frequency noise, it is difficult to accurately extract the beat frequency information, resulting in serious speed demodulation error. Therefore, we propose a beat frequency extraction method for high-speed and high-noise Doppler signals based on double correction, which can accurately correct the beat frequency signals of high-frequency noise interference. First, the ratio correction method is used for the first spectrum correction to screen out the normalized spectrum of high-frequency noise interference; then, according to the degree of noise interference, the energy barycenter correction method or linear interpolation method is used for the second spectrum correction. Numerical simulation results show that this method can reduce the spectral error by 1.6% to 2.1%. We used this method to process the Doppler signal from the detonation small flyer experiment in Initiating explosive device testing. The results show that it can reduce the beat frequency error by 1.83 times at most under high-frequency noise interfered, equivalent to the instantaneous velocity error of 1955 m/s can be decreased after velocity demodulation. Therefore, the beat frequency extraction method based on double correction has good noise resistance and reliability. We corrected the different regions’ frequency spectrums according to the noise interference intensity, which provides an idea for the beat frequency extraction of high-speed and high-noise Doppler signals.
Modern MultiPort Converter Technologies: A Systematic Review

The integration of renewable energy sources (RES) as distributed generation units to the power grid has been accelerated by the rising demand for energy and the growing concern over the environmental effects of conventional sources. At the same time, modern electric vehicles (EV) are demonstrating a promising ability to decrease the consumption of fossil fuels. The issues related to a combination of various renewable energy sources to fulfil the load requirements can be solved by the application of multi-input–output architecture that is properly designed. In order to increase the driving range of EVs, several energy sources, including ultracapacitors and fuel cells, should be connected and operate in combination with a battery storage system. To manage these energy sources with various voltage-current characteristics, the same concept can be applied. The current trends in the field of multiport DC-DC converters are identified and examined in this research. This paper proposes a review and analysis of the most significant aspects of multiport converters, such as types based on various characteristics, their topologies, the benefits and drawbacks, and areas of application. A thorough investigation of multiport converters’ design guidelines and selection process for specific applications is presented. Based on their properties, multiport converters are categorized in this review. In comparison with other available review publications, this paper is more concise and mainly focused on the most general and important aspects of multiport technologies. Based on the provided information, the reader can discern modern trends and directions of the multiport converter development.
The stochastic Mathieu's equation

In this manuscript, we consider generalizations of the classical Mathieu's equation to stochastic systems. Unlike previous works, we focus on internal frequencies that vary continuously between periodic and stochastic variables. By numerically integrating the system of equations using a symplectic method, we determine the Lyapunov exponents for a wide range of parameters to quantify how the growth rates vary in parameter space. In the nearly periodic limit, we recover the same growth rates as the classical Mathieu's equation. As the stochasticity increases, the maximum growth decreases and the unstable region broadens, which signifies that the stochasticity can both stabilize and destabilize a system in relation to the deterministic limit. In addition to the classical parametric modes, there is also an unstable stochastic mode that arises only for moderate stochasticity. The power spectrum of the solutions shows that an increase in stochasticity tends to narrow the width of the subharmonic peak and increase the decay away from this peak.
Hyperspace organization for classification of non-stationary patterns

A method has been developed that maps quantized feature values directly to locations in a discrete hyperspace containing pattern class labels or lists of labels. Special efforts have been taken to deal with distortion and time delay uncertainty for signals with nonstationary feature statistics. In the latter case, pattern classes are modeled as trajectories through the hyperspace. During pattern recognition, the intersection of any point on the trajectory is sufficient to retrieve the class label. The procedures described are designed to access a discrete hyperspace for storage and retrieval of signatures in pattern recognition applications. <<ETX>>
STATIONARY STATES IN FOOD WEB MODELS WITH THRESHOLD RELATIONSHIPS

A new method for analysing stationary states in complex differential equation systems when the interaction terms contain sigmoid functions is presented. Originally aimed at simplifying the analysis of certain gene regulatory networks, the method is applicable to models comprising a wide range of sigmoid functions. The basic idea is to analyse the limiting case when the sigmoids approach the step function, and consider sigmoids with finite steepness as a perturbation. After a brief presentation the method is applied to a model for a herbivore feeding on two competing autotrophs. Analytical expresssions for the stationary points in the step function limit are given, and their dependence on the parameter values is analysed and interpreted.
Evaluation of high data rate disk drive recording subsystem

An effort has been made to evaluate disk drive components at high data rates. Fully functional write-head/media components to 2.6 Gbit/s have been demonstrated in spin-stand testing and magnetic force microscopy characterizations. In addition, the drive front-end electronics examined possess complete functionality up to 4.0 Gbit/s without significant performance degradation, which is consistent with electric modeling results. Furthermore, our experimental data clearly indicate that the pre-amp’s performance at high frequency is becoming a limiting factor to achieving an ultrahigh data rate in present write-head/media designs. The magnetic moment on write gap edges for certain recording heads shows signs of becoming insensitive to following the write current switching speed at ultrahigh frequency.
Stability robustness of almost linear state equations

Sufficient conditions for stability robustness of finite-dimensional autonomous systems are discussed. The system is made up of a stable, linear, nominal part, and different types of unstructured norm-bounded perturbations. It is known that if the perturbations are arbitrary-nonlinear, with norms bounded by the complex stability radius, the system is stable. It is also known that the real stability radius serves as a bound ensuring the stability of the system if the perturbations are linear. The case of equality of these two stability radii is characterized. Quantitative sufficient conditions for stability robustness are introduced for the case where perturbations are almost linear, in the sense that both the size and the derivative of the perturbations are bounded. These conditions describe a tradeoff between the size of the perturbations and their distance from linearity. Each of the first two types of perturbations, the arbitrary-nonlinear and the special case of linear, is shown to be a limiting case of the almost linear type. <<ETX>>
Meaningful Work, Happiness at Work, and Turnover Intentions

It has been documented that there is a positive relationship between a worker’s subjective well-being and productivity, and individuals who are happy in their work have a better attitude when performing activities: happier employees are more productive. Turnover intention, on the other hand, may arise from various factors rather than merely the need to increase a salary, as the traditional economic theory states. The fact that the work performed does not contribute to the worker’s life purpose, that there might be a bad relationship with colleagues, or else might play a role in the search for a new job. This study aims to show the relevance of meaningful work in happiness at work and turnover intention. Data from 937 professionals, in 2019, in Mexico were analyzed. Regression analyses were used to assess the impact of meaningful work on happiness at work and turnover intention. Results show that meaningful work, feeling appreciated by coworkers, and enjoyment of daily tasks significantly predict happiness at work. A logit model showed that having a job that contributes to people’s life purpose, feeling appreciated, and enjoyment of daily tasks reduces turnover intention. The main contribution of the study is to identify the importance of elements of purpose and meaning in the work context, contributing to economic theory. Limitations include the use of single items from a more extensive survey, which might diminish the validity and reliability of the constructs under scrutiny. Future directions point towards the need for more robust indicators of the variables of interest, but the findings emphasize the importance of research focused on the meaning workers attribute to their own work and the effects this attribution might have on their own wellbeing, organizational results, and productivity, including a return of investment (ROI) indicators.
Theories of visual texture perception

The development of theories of visual texture perception is reviewed in the context of recent computational approaches. Visual texture is difficult to define precisely; one definition is that it is the visual phenomenon underlying the perception of the texture of surfaces of objects. There have been two major thrusts in thinking about texture segregation phenomena: one begins with the stimulus intensity distribution and the other with the perceptual entities that it contains. The history of the development of these two schools of thought can be described as a slow convergence toward an intermediate point. The former approach is characteristic of the work of L. A. Jones and other authors in the 1940s and early 1950s and of the early work of Bela Julesz and his various colleagues in the 1960s and early 1970s. The other approach is characteristic of the work of Jacob Beck and other perceptual psychological work on texture, which has its roots in the Gestalt theories of grouping and integration. The constructs used in recent computational work in texture modeling exist at a level somewhere between a simple description of image intensities and a true representation of meaningful perceptual objects.
Performance of the lattice sequence estimator

In many practical communication systems such as digital microwave radio, the main cause of transmission errors is usually due to the presence of intersymbol interference, rather than the noise. For such systems the sequence estimator significantly outperforms the symbol-by-symbol detector, even when a certain form of equalization techniques is used. The key obstacle to the applicability of sequence estimator is its large complexity. Denote the channel memory length by /spl nu/ and alphabet size by m. Using a Viterbi-like implementation, the estimator with truncation depth /spl delta/ requires O(m/sup /spl nu/+1/) arithmetic operations per symbol, and O(/spl delta/m/sup /spl nu//) storage elements. In most practical situations, /spl delta/ is chosen such that /spl delta/=O(/spl nu/). We propose the lattice sequence estimator (LSE), which only requires O(/spl delta/)/sup 2/ arithmetic operations per symbol, and O(/spl delta/) storage elements. For simplicity, the multilevel PAM system is considered. <<ETX>>
Region-based wavelet transform for image compression

Wavelet transform is not applicable to the arbitrarily shaped region (or object) in images, due to the nature of its global decomposition. In order to solve this problem, the region-based wavelet transform (RWT) is proposed and its computational complexity is examined in this brief. It is shown that the RWT requires significantly fewer computations than conventional wavelet transform, since the RWT processes only the object region in the original image. Experimental results show that any arbitrarily shaped region in images can be decomposed using the RWT and perfectly reconstructed using the inverse RWT. Furthermore, the RWT outperforms the shape-adaptive wavelet transform (SAWT) in PSNR at the same compression ratio since the former generates less high-frequency information.
Advances in Fiber-Optic Extrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometric Physical and Mechanical Sensors: A Review

Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) have found a multitude of scientific and industrial applications ranging from gravitational wave detection, high-resolution spectroscopy, and optical filters to quantum optomechanics. Integrated with optical fiber waveguide technology, the fiber-optic FPIs have emerged as a unique candidate for high-sensitivity sensing and have undergone tremendous growth and advancement in the past two decades with their successful applications in an expansive range of fields. The extrinsic cavity-based devices, i.e., the fiber-optic extrinsic FPIs (EFPIs), enable great flexibility in the design of the sensitive Fabry–Perot cavity combined with state-of-the-art micromachining and conventional mechanical fabrication, leading to the development of a diverse array of EFPI sensors targeting at different physical quantities. Here, we summarize the recent progress of fiber-optic EFPI sensors, providing an overview of different physical and mechanical sensors based on the FPI principle, with a special focus on displacement-related quantities, such as strain, force, tilt, vibration and acceleration, pressure, and acoustic. The working principle and signal demodulation methods are shown in brief. Perspectives on further advancement of EFPI sensing technologies are also discussed.
Massive stars in quasi-static equilibrium.

The binding energy properties of quasistatic solutions to the equations of general relativity for star-like condensations of 10/sup 2/ to 10 solar masses are presented. With increasing central temperature and decreasing radius, the binding energy first increases through positive values, passes through a maximum, and then decreases rapidly to large negative values. The central temperature at which maximum binding occurs follows the rough law T/sub c/ approximates 3.4 x 10/sup 13/(M/sub sub solar / /M) deg K and the binding energy at this point is roughly 3.6 x 10/sup 54/ erg, nearly independent of mass. (auth)