Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Hard Tail in the X-Ray Broadband Spectrum of Circinus X-1 at the Periastron: A Peculiar Z Source

We report on the spectral analysis of the peculiar source Cir X-1 observed by the BeppoSAX satellite when the X-ray source was near the periastron. A flare lasting ~6 × 103 s is present at the beginning of the observation. The luminosity during the persistent emission is 1 × 1038 ergs s-1, while during the flare it is 2 × 1038 ergs s-1. We produced broadband (0.1-100 keV) energy spectra during the flare and the persistent emission. At low energies the continuum is well fitted by a model consisting of Comptonization of soft photons, with a temperature of ~0.4 keV, by electrons at a temperature of ~1 keV. After the flare, a power-law component with photon index ~3 is dominant at energies higher than 10 keV. This component contributes ~4% of the total luminosity. During the flare its addition is not statistically significant. An absorption edge at ~8.4 keV, with optical depth ~1, corresponding to the K edge of Fe XXIII-Fe XXV, and an iron emission line at 6.7 keV are also present. The iron-line energy is in agreement with the ionization level inferred from the absorption edge. The hydrogen column deduced from the absorption edge is ~1024 cm-2, 2 orders of magnitude larger than the low-energy absorption measured in this source. We calculated the radius of the region originating the Comptonized seed photons, RW ~ 150 km. We propose a scenario where RW (the Wien radius) is the inner disk radius, a highly ionized torus surrounds the accretion disk, and a magnetosphere is present up to RW. The absorption edge and the emission line could originate in the photoionized torus, while the Comptonized component originates in an inner region of the disk.
Investigation of the Kinetics of Hysteresis Effects in Silica Gel

Mathematical models can provide estimates for the shelf life of water-sensitive products like food or pharmaceuticals. This study presents a simple kinetic model using two first-order reactions for the evaporation and condensation of water. Furthermore, the model can be simplified to contain only one free parameter, the reaction rate constant k, which has been validated for silica gel at a relative humidity between 0% and 80% with experimental data. The experimental data shows the hysteresis effect of the silica gel in the region between 30% and 80% relative humidity and its dependence on the relative humidity earlier in the process. It also shows there are multiple equilibrium water contents at a relative humidity of 40%, depending on the previous relative humidity. The relative humidity barely influences the fitted reaction rate constant during adsorption. However, during the desorption process, not only the current relative humidity but also the history of relative humidity have an influence. A higher relative humidity in the previous step can slow down the desorption rate in the following step.
Noise Reduction Using Paired-microphones for both Far-(cid:12)eld and Near-(cid:12)eld Sound Sources

The near-(cid:12)eld problem is a source of anxiety with beamforming techniques. We propose a strategy to solve the near-(cid:12)eld problem by using a subtractive beamforming technique. The authors earlier proposed a method for noise reduction using paired-microphones. In this pa-per, the method is improved for near-(cid:12)eld sound sources. The proposed method can maintain a high performance regardless of the distance between the sound source and an array, but the performance of a Delay-and-Sum beamformer declines even if the amplitude of the target signal is normalized. The concept of \paired-microphones" in the proposed method is the key for solving the near-(cid:12)eld problem.
Susceptibility of native and invasive submersed plants in New Zealand to florpyrauxifen-benzyl in growth chamber exposure studies

Abstract Invasive aquatic plants constantly threaten freshwaters and associated environs globally. Water resource managers frequently seek new control tactics to combat invasive macrophytes, especially when the availability of herbicides registered for submersed plant control is limited. The synthetic auxin herbicide, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, recently registered (2018) for aquatic site applications in the United States, has shown success in controlling several invasive aquatic weeds. Studies were conducted to evaluate responses of native and invasive submersed plants to florpyrauxifen-benzyl under growth chamber conditions to provide insight on the selectivity of varying herbicide concentrations in New Zealand. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentrations evaluated ranged from 0.01 to 107.86 µg ai L–1, encompassing the maximum use concentration (48 µg L–1) for submersed plant applications. Dose–response metrics indicated the New Zealand native species watermilfoil [Myriophyllum triphyllum Orchard] was highly sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl following a 21-d static exposure, having a dry weight 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 1.2 µg L–1. The invasive species oxygen-weed [Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss] and Canadian waterweed (Elodea canadensis Michx.) were less sensitive, with dry weight EC50 values of 35.4 and >107.86 µg L–1, respectively. Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa Planch.) was most tolerant to the tested concentrations, as EC50 values were not achieved. Overall, results indicate florpyrauxifen-benzyl demonstrates potential for controlling L. major, with further large-scale screening required to confirm control among field site applications. As the native species (M. triphyllum) was most sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl compared with the invasive plant evaluated (I/N ratio indicated >31.3 times more sensitive), any targeted concentration used for invasive plant control for field applications would likely injure the native M. triphyllum plants. Future studies should investigate additional native and invasive species for management guidance and consider how exposure times influence plant response using similar florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentrations tested in the present study.
Effectiveness of Organic Versus Inorganic Analogues for Treating White Spot Lesions: An in Vitro Study

Introduction: Demineralization denotes the dissolution of the calcium and phosphate ions from the hydroxyl-apatite/tooth structure into the plaque and saliva caused by the acidic attack. White spot lesions start at the outermost layer of the teeth, damaging the dental hard tissues through the loss of mineral ions from the hydroxyapatite lattice at the surface. An ideal remineralizing agent should mimic the organization and micro-architecture of natural tooth structure mineral crystals to the greatest extent possible. Aim: S tudy aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of two remineralizing agents on remineralization of initial enamel carious lesions. Furthermore, the impact of both remineralizing agents and one infiltrating resin material on the color of demineralized enamel and their ability to mask white spot lesions was investigated. Subjects and Methods: 50 intact, freshly extracted permanent human anterior central incisors (extracted from diabetic patients) were selected and stored in distilled water at room temperature (22 0 C). Selected teeth were classified into two main groups (Control and Demineralized) according to the type of treatment. Results: Significant differences resulted between treatments for ΔE at p<0.001. Demineralized enamel showed the highest significant color change values (6.03±0.4). All treatments of demineralized enamel significantly restored the tooth color. Conclusion: Curodont Repair and MI Paste Plus can fill up defects and micropores on demineralized tooth structure, significantly restoring the tooth color.
Automatic oscillations detection and classification of control loop using generalized machine learning algorithms

This study detects oscillations in the control loop and separates them from others by implementing supervised machine learning on generalized and normalized statistical variables. Oscillations in the control loops can result in high variability of performance, increase the costs, increment defects and potential hazards in the future. Valve stiction is one of the most important reasons for oscillatory behaviour in the process industry. The detection of this non-linear parameter becomes even more complex in the presence of other oscillating factors, such as poor controller tuning and external disturbances. The proposed method is based on a six-step algorithm. After preparing the data, the best classifier is selected from three trained classifiers Naïve Bayes, support vector machine and K-nearest neighbours’ separators. Finally, the decision tree will automatically detect and classify oscillating factors in the control loop. This method is independent of the process model, and through the decision tree, it determines the probability of occurrence of each oscillation factor in the loop. The resulting system was tested on benchmark industrial data to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
JaCoWeb-ABC: Integração do Modelo de Controle de Acesso UCONABC no CORBASec

A arquitetura JaCoWeb-ABC é uma extensão da especificação CORBASec que aplica o modelo de controle de acesso UCONABC à sua camada de segurança. O JaCoWeb-ABC define um controle de acesso configurável, que trabalha com políticas de autorização, obrigação e condição definidas pelo administrador do sistema. Estas políticas de segurança podem ser definidas de duas formas, a primeira totalmente transparente para a aplicação e a segunda que possibilita trabalhar em conjunto com a aplicação. A combinação dessas duas funcionalidades irá definir um modelo de controle de acesso muito mais preciso e rigoroso sobre as ações dos usuários em um sistema.
Election Fraud, YouTube, and Public Perception of the Legitimacy of President Biden

Skepticism about the outcome of the 2020 presidential election in the United States led to a historic attack on the Capitol on January 6th, 2021 and represents one of the greatest challenges to America's democratic institutions in over a century. Narratives of fraud and conspiracy theories proliferated over the fall of 2020, finding fertile ground across online social networks, although little is know about the extent and drivers of this spread. In this article, we show that users who were more skeptical of the election's legitimacy were more likely to be recommended content that featured narratives about the legitimacy of the election. Our findings underscore the tension between an "effective" recommendation system that provides users with the content they want, and a dangerous mechanism by which misinformation, disinformation, and conspiracies can find their way to those most likely to believe them.
The effect of performance manipulation on fund flows under different market conditions in South Africa

This study analyzes the effect of performance manipulation on mutual fund flows under different market conditions to provide explanations to the increased flow of investors’ funds to persistently underperforming active mutual fund managers in South Africa. The study employs a system GMM technique to analyze panel data of 52 South African actively managed equity mutual funds for the 2006–2019 period. From the analysis, it is found that past fund flows and fund size constitute a set of fund-level factors with predictive influences on fund flows, while market risk exerts systemic effect on the flow of investors’ assets to fund managers. The results show that market conditions do not impact the relationship between mutual fund flows and performance manipulation, which implies that manipulation strategies implemented by fund managers do not engender increased funds’ flow from asset owners. This study thus concludes that other non-performance factors drive convexity in the relationship between fund flows and performance in South Africa.
Particle physics models with four generations

In this thesis we consider extending the standard model of particle physics (SM) to include a fourth generation of elementary particles (SM4). The fourth generation would have to be sufficiently heavy to have escaped detection; specifically, its neutrino is required to be kinematically inaccessible to the $Z$ boson in order to agree with the very precise LEP measurements of the $Z$ width. This extension is appealing since the current theory (the SM) exhibits tension with some phenomena observed in nature. Such phenomena are, for example, the replication and number of fermion families, the ratio of matter to antimatter in the observable universe, charge-parity violation and the mixings between the fermions. Up to very recently the issue of the origin of mass, that is, the mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking in the SM, was lacking experimental verification. However, during the writing of this thesis there have been some very exciting advances in this domain. In July 2012 the CMS and ATLAS collaborations at the LHC have reported the observation of a resonance at $\sim$ 125 GeV, an observation confirmed by experiments at another high-energy particle collider, the Tevatron. This resonance seems to correspond to the Higgs particle, the quantum of the scalar field responsible for the breaking of the electroweak symmetry. Besides verifying the answer to the theoretically fundamental question about the origin of mass, the experimental discovery also serves as a constraint for any theory of particle physics. The goodness of models describing particle physics are generally tested by performing global fits to the data, with the data set usually taken to be the most precisely measured quantities available -- the electroweak precision observables. When the recent Higgs signal strengths are included in the data set, it is seen that the SM4 is not a correct theory of nature. Specifically, the Higgs signals predicted by the SM4 are not in agreement with the data, and the model has in September 2012 been quite decisively excluded at the statistical significance of 5.3$\sigma$. Following the developments in the field we next consider the phenomenological effects of adding another scalar doublet to the previously considered SM4. In the SM and SM4 there is just one scalar (Higgs) doublet: the models have a {\em minimal} scalar sector. The fermion sector, however, is not minimal: there are at least three replicas of a fermion family and so it is possible that the scalar sector is not minimal either. There are in fact arguments in favor of several Higgs doublets, for example supersymmetry and the baryon asymmetry of the universe. Two doublets give rise to five physical particles and so the phenomenology of such models is much richer than in the minimal scenario. Four family-models have received a great deal of interest in the last decade: some 500 articles are reported to have been published concerning their phenomenology during this time. This thesis is a review of the recent developments is this field.
Constructing simplicial complexes over topological spaces

The first step in topological data analysis is often the construction of a simplicial complex. This complex approximates the lost topology of a sampled point set. Current techniques often assume that the input is embedded in a metric – often Euclidean – space, and make significant use of the underlying geometry for efficient computation. Consequently, these techniques do not extend to non-Euclidean or nonmetric spaces. In this thesis, we present an oracle-based framework for constructing simplicial complexes over arbitrary topological spaces. The framework consists of an oracle and an algorithm that builds the simplicial complex by making calls to the oracle. We compare different algorithmic approaches for the construction, as well as alternate ways of representing the simplicial complex in the computation. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our framework as a tool for approaching problems of diverse nature by presenting three applications: to multiword search in Google, to the computational analysis of a language and to the study of protein structure.
Plant based polyphenol associations with protein: A prospective review

This review discusses the classes of plant polyphenols along with their binding mechanisms with protein molecules. Generally, polyphenols bind in covalent and non-covalent orientations with protein molecules. Their addition to the protein usually results in undesirable flavors and tastes inside the proteins. They also affect the color of the food. Plant polyphenols are found to act in a protective way against cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. In addition to redox activity, their modes of action include the inhibition of key enzymes, modulation of transcription factors or cell receptors, and finally, perturbation of protein aggregates. Dietary polyphenols usually play a key role in protein digestion by forming covalent and non-covalent bonds with proteins. In addition, polyphenols and plant phenolics possess the scavenging ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including radical/non-radical oxygen species including HOC•, H2O2, HOCl, 1O2 (singlet oxygen), and oxidatively generated radicals derived from LDL biomolecules such as ROOC• and oligonucleic acids.
Basic overconstrained topologies with schönflies motions

Preface 1 Introduction 2 Fully-parallel topologies with coupled Schonflies motions 3 Overactuated topologies with coupled Schonflies motions 4 Fully-parallel topologies with decoupled Schonflies motions 5 Topologies with uncoupled Schonflies motions 6 Maximally regular topologies with Schonflies motions Index
Using POI Data and Baidu Migration Big Data to Modify Nighttime Light Data to Identify Urban and Rural Area

The spatial difference between urban and rural areas is the direct result of urban-rural relations. Accurate identification of urban-rural area is helpful to judge the urban-rural mechanism and promote the integration development of urban-rural area. Previous studies only used single nighttime light (NTL) data to identify urban and rural areas, which is likely to have an impact on the identification results due to the large brightness difference of lights. Therefore, based on NTL data and combine with data level fusion algorithm, this study separately fuses point of interest (POI) data that representing the quantity distribution of urban infrastructure and Baidu migration big (BM)data that representing the change relationship of regional population mobility to identify urban and rural areas by using deep learning method. The results show that the highest accuracy of urban-rural spatial identification with single NTL data is 84.32% and kappa is 0.6952, while the highest accuracy identified by data fusion is 95.02% and kappa is 0.8259. It can be seen that the differences caused by light brightness are effectively corrected after data fusion, which greatly improves the accuracy of urban and rural spatial identification. By comparing the results of NTL data modified by different big data, this study analyzes and identifies the accuracy of urban and rural area by using deep learning method, which not only enriches the study of data fusion in urban area, but also provides a basis for analyzing regional urban-rural relations and urban-rural development. Therefore, this study is believed to have important practical value for the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.
Study between lactate clearance and APACHE II score as predictor prognosis of septic patients

between lactate clearance and APACHE ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis continues to be a major cause of death and high healthcare expenses around world. prevalence and fatality rate related to sepsis continue to rise. In management of sepsis, time is of the essence; recent studies have shown that early and intensive therapy is critical for lowering mortality. In 30–50% of cases, sepsis therapy begins in emergency department. Aim of The Work: To detect efficacy of serial serum lactate and lactate clearance in comparison with APACHE Il as a prediction of fatality in septic patients within 28 days following initial resuscitation and within first 24 hours in intensive care unit. Patients and Methods: This study was started from January to December 2021. It has been conducted on 53 adult patients (n = 53) who have been brought to Critical Care Unit with a diagnosis of sepsis as defined by current guidelines and who met inclusion criteria, but 3 patients excluded. One was developed gastrointestinal bleeding, 2nd patient was due to myocardial infraction, last one excluded due to data collection error, so we carried study on 50 patients (n=50). Results: APACHE II shows a significant increase in non-survive group. Arterial lactate shows a highly significant increase in non-survive group, lactate clearance shows a significant decrease in non-survive group. Conclusion: Serum lactate level and lactate clearance as an indicator of shock and resuscitation are more reliable predictors of mortality than APACHE II. if resuscitation decreased lactate clearance to normal levels in 12 to 24 hours, the patient has best chance of survival.
Prototipo de software de apoyo a pacientes con trastornos olfativos

La percepción de olores está íntimamente vinculada con nuestra evolución y supervivencia, pero también con nuestra capacidad de recordar. Antes de la pandemia por COVID-19, las alteraciones del olfato estaban cobrando interés en la comunidad médica, el cual se acrecentó aún más debido a las secuelas de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, ¿Podrían las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) aunado a la Interacción Humano Computadora (IHC) ayudar en el recuerdo de los aromas? Para contestar a esta pregunta se ha realizado una extensa investigación sobre las posibles causas que provocan la presencia de algún trastorno olfativo, así surgió nuestra propuesta de diseño del prototipo de software Berinque´, sustentada en los olores que reconocen la gran mayoría de la población mexicana y es por ello que estamos seguros que contribuirá a estimular la información del recuerdo de los aromas alojados en el hipocampo y de esta manera ayudará en la prevención o en la recuperación de pacientes con trastornos olfativos.
All Are in a Drought, but Some Stand Out: Multivariate Analysis in the Selection of Agronomic Efficient Popcorn Genotypes

The search for productive germplasm adapted to adverse conditions is an important action to mitigate the harmful effects of climate change. The aim was to identify the yield potential of 50 popcorn inbred lines grown in field conditions, in two crop seasons (CS), and under contrasting water conditions (WC). Morphoagronomic, physiological, and root system traits were evaluated. Joint and individual analyses of variance were performed, in addition to the multivariate GT bip-lot analysis. Expressive reductions between WC were observed in 100-grain weight (100 GW), popping expansion (PE), grain yield (GY), expanded popcorn volume per ha (EPV), row number per ear (RNE), plant height (PH), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and nitrogen balance index (NBI). It was found that the SPAD, 100 GW, GY, PE, and grain number per ear (GNE) traits had the most significant impact on the selection of genotypes. Regardless of WC and CS, the ideal lines were L294 and L688 for PE; L691 and L480 for GY; and L291 and L292 for both traits. SPAD, 100 GW, and GNE can contribute to the indirect selection. Our work contributes to understanding the damage caused by drought and the integration of traits for the indirect selection of drought-tolerant popcorn genotypes.