Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Admittometric Sensor for Determination of Theophylline using FFT Coulometric Admittance Voltammetry and Flow Injection Analysis

1 Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2 Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Materials and Nuclear Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), P.O. Box 14395-834, Tehran, Iran 4 Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * E-mail: norouzi@khayam.ut. ac.ir
Bio-Fabricated Gold and Silver Nanoparticle Based Plasmonic Sensors for Detection of Environmental Pollutants: An Overview

Abstract Water resources of our earth is currently facing a serious challenge due to human activities including industrial development, agricultural revolution, urban growth and deforestation. The first step for pollutant removal is obviously their detection in water which requires use of various well known instrumentation techniques or use of sensors. Of all the different types of sensors, gold and silver nanoparticle based colorimetric/plasmonic nano-sensors are particularly noteworthy because of their simplicity and low cost. These nano-sensors are based on principle of SPR, an optical phenomenon immensely dependent on characteristics of the nanoparticles. Noble metal nanoparticles are widely chosen for colorimetric sensing application as their SPR absorbance lie in the visible region of spectrum rendering unique colors to them. Also, they are easy to synthesize, easy to functionalize, biocompatible and stable. In this detection technique, the presence of a pollutant is revealed by a distinct, visual color change and can also be quantified using a UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. Sustainable chemistry being one of the focal points of modern chemistry research, green synthesis of nanoparticles, particularly noble metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver have attracted considerable attention in last decade. Although gold and silver nanoparticles based optical sensor have been summarized in various reviews over last few years, colorimetric nano-sensors synthesized by green methods have found little discussion in scientific literature. This critical review aims to connect this gap by portraying this sparsely explored area of application of biosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles and thus will assist the researchers working in this field. Research Highlight Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles Colorimetric detection of environmental pollutants Metal mediated aggregation Redox etching Selectivity, sensitivity and Limit of Detection
Postural Control, Dual Task Performance and Executive Function Following an Ultramarathon

As research into the postural and cognitive effects of ultramarathon running is sparse and still needed, we investigated the effect of ultramarathon running on runners’ postural control, dual task postural control and a measure of executive function—the flanker test, expecting fatigue-related deterioration on each measure. We used a pre- and post-test research design with 14 runners who completed (a) postural assessment with eyes open and closed, on a flat surface and on foam during (b) a two-choice reaction time dual task postural assessment, and (c) an executive function modified flanker task. With regard to postural stability, we observed, after running, increased anterior-posterior (AP) path length and AP root mean square (RMS) and reductions in both mediolateral (ML) RMS and ML median frequency. Dual task analysis showed reduced ML RMS prior to the race, whereas the effect was absent afterwards. Reaction times were not significantly altered between pre-post or surface conditions assessments. There were no statistically significant differences in mean modified flanker scores before and after the race. These data demonstrated that, following an endurance run, there were plane specific movement adaptations in postural sway that may have resulted from neuroprotective changes under extreme fatigue.
Genome‐wide association study and polygenic risk score analysis for hearing measures in children

An efficient auditory system contributes to cognitive and psychosocial development. A right ear advantage in hearing thresholds (HTs) has been described in adults and atypical patterns of left/right hearing threshold asymmetry (HTA) have been described for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions. Previous genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) on HT have mainly been conducted in elderly participants whose hearing is more likely to be affected by external environmental factors. Here, we investigated HT and HTA in a children population cohort (ALSPAC, n = 6,743). Better hearing was associated with better cognitive performance and higher socioeconomic status. At the group level, HTA suggested a left ear advantage (mean = −0.28 dB) that was mainly driven by females. SNP heritability for HT and HTA was 0.13 and 0.02, respectively (n = 4,989). We found a modest negative genetic correlation between HT and reading ability. GWAS for HT (n = 5,344) did not yield significant hits but polygenic risk scores for higher educational attainment (EA, ß = −1,564.72, p = .008) and schizophrenia (ß = −241.14, p = .004) were associated with lower HT, that is, better hearing. In summary, we report new data supporting associations between hearing measures and cognitive abilities at the behavioral level. Genetic analysis suggests shared biological pathways between cognitive and sensory systems and provides evidence for a positive outcome of genetic risk for schizophrenia.
Neurocritical care management of poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage: Unjustified nihilism to reasonable optimism

Background and purpose Historically, overall outcomes for patients with high-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have been poor. Generally, between physicians, either reluctance to treat, or selectivity in treating such patients has been the paradigm. Recent studies have shown that early and aggressive care leads to significant improvement in survival rates and favorable outcomes of grade V SAH patients. With advancements in both neurocritical care and end-of-life care, non-treatment or selective treatment of grade V SAH patients is rarely justified. Current paradigm shifts towards early and aggressive care in such cases may lead to improved outcomes for many more patients. Materials and methods We performed a detailed review of the current literature regarding neurointensive management strategies in high-grade SAH, discussing multiple aspects. We discussed the neurointensive care management protocols for grade V SAH patients. Results Acutely, intracranial pressure control is of utmost importance with external ventricular drain placement, sedation, optimization of cerebral perfusion pressure, osmotherapy and hyperventilation, as well as cardiopulmonary support through management of hypotension and hypertension. Conclusions Advancements of care in SAH patients make it unethical to deny treatment to poor Hunt and Hess grade patients. Early and aggressive treatment results in a significant improvement in survival rate and favorable outcome in such patients.
The Workgroup Serrated Polyps and Polyposis (WASP) classification for optical diagnosis of colorectal diminutive polyps with iScan and the impact of the revised World Health Organization (WHO) criteria

Abstract Background and aims The Workgroup Serrated Polyps and Polyposis (WASP) developed criteria for optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps. The aims of this study were: (1) to improve optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps, especially SSLs, after training endoscopists in applying WASP criteria on videos of polyps obtained with iScan and (2) to evaluate if the WASP criteria are still useful when polyps are pathologically revised according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2019 criteria. Methods Twenty‐one endoscopists participated in a training session and predicted polyp histology on 30 videos of diminutive polyps, before and after training (T0 and T1). After three months, they scored another 30 videos (T2). Primary outcome was overall diagnostic accuracy (DA) at T0, T1 and T2. Polyps were histopathologically classified according to the WHO 2010 and 2019 criteria. Results Overall DA (both diminutive adenomas and SSLs) significantly improved from 0.58 (95% CI 0.55–0.62) at T0 to 0.63 (95% CI 0.60–0.66, p = 0.004) at T1. For SSLs, DA did not change with 0.51 (95% CI 0.46–0.56) at T0 and 0.55 (95% CI 0.49–0.60, p = 0.119) at T1. After three months, overall DA was 0.58 (95% CI 0.54–0.62, p = 0.787, relative to T0) while DA for SSLs was 0.48 (95% CI 0.42–0.55, p = 0.520) at T2. After pathological revision according to the WHO 2019 criteria, DA of all polyps significantly changed at all time points. Conclusion A training session in applying WASP criteria on endoscopic videos made with iScan did not improve endoscopists' long‐term ability to optically diagnose diminutive polyps. The change of DA following polyp revision according to the revised WHO 2019 criteria suggests that the WASP classification may need revision.
Fucoidan as an Autophagy Regulator: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials for Cancer and Other Diseases

Abstract Fucoidan, a natural polysaccharide with a variety of classical bioactivities mainly sourced from brown algae, has been extensively studied owing to its favorable pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anticoagulant and liver protection. Recently it has been found to play a regulatory role in the processes of autophagy. Autophagy is an important cellular process that effectively protects cells and organisms from stimulating factors such as nutrient deficiency, low cellular ATP levels, metabolic stress, growth factor deprivation and hypoxic conditions. In recent years, many studies have shown that fucoidan can treat human diseases by regulating autophagy process though cell signaling pathways. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the discovery of natural autophagy regulator of fucoidan for the therapeutic application in cardiac diseases, cancers and liver diseases, aiming to provide the new pharmacological application that fucoidan may treat human diseases by regulating autophagy. Furthermore, we look forward to seeing more diseases that would be treated by autophagy modulator of fucoidan and the discovery of more elaborate autophagy regulation mechanism.
Differential contribution to gene expression prediction of histone modifications at enhancers or promoters

The ChIP-seq signal of histone modifications at promoters is a good predictor of gene expression in different cellular contexts, but whether this is also true at enhancers is not clear. To address this issue, we develop quantitative models to characterize the relationship of gene expression with histone modifications at enhancers or promoters. We use embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which contain a full spectrum of active and repressed (poised) enhancers, to train predictive models. As many poised enhancers in ESCs switch towards an active state during differentiation, predictive models can also be trained on poised enhancers throughout differentiation and in development. Remarkably, we determine that histone modifications at enhancers, as well as promoters, are predictive of gene expression in ESCs and throughout differentiation and development. Importantly, we demonstrate that their contribution to the predictive models varies depending on their location in enhancers or promoters. Moreover, we use a local regression (LOESS) to normalize sequencing data from different sources, which allows us to apply predictive models trained in a specific cellular context to a different one. We conclude that the relationship between gene expression and histone modifications at enhancers is universal and different from promoters. Our study provides new insight into how histone modifications relate to gene expression based on their location in enhancers or promoters.
Association of Sleep Duration With All- and Major-Cause Mortality Among Adults in Japan, China, Singapore, and Korea

Key Points Question What is the association between sleep duration and mortality outcomes in individuals from East Asia? Findings In this cohort study of 322 721 adult participants, when compared with 7 hours, all other sleep durations were associated with a significantly increased mortality risk. Age and sex were significant modifiers of the associations between sleep duration and death from all causes (age), cardiovascular disease (sex), cancer (age and sex), and other causes (age and sex), and age was a modifier of the association only among men. Meaning These findings suggest that sleep duration recommendations for East Asian populations may need to be considered in the context of sex and age.
Steroid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in children with severe eosinophilic nonallergic asthma.

BACKGROUND Asthma is characterized by a chronic airway inflammation, usually sustained by type 2 immunity. Bronchial and peripheral eosinophilia are biomarkers for type 2 asthma. Biologicals are the most effective treatment for severe asthma at present. Mepolizumab is an antagonist of interleukin-5 (IL-5), the most relevant cytokine involved in eosinophilia. OBJECTIVE This case report evaluated the effectiveness of mepolizumab in two girls with severe eosinophilic non-allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two female children with severe eosinophilic nonallergic asthma were treated with mepolizumab for two years. Clinical findings, lung function, peripheral eosinophils, asthma control, and bronchial endoscopy were performed. RESULTS Biologicals reduced the eosinophilia, asthma exacerbations, and improved lung function in both patients. The treatment was also safe and well-tolerated. CONCLUSION Mepolizumab represents an effective therapeutic option in the management of severe pediatric asthma.
A Comparison of 18F-DCFPyL, 18F-NaF, and 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Prospective Cohort of Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Visual Abstract 18F-DCFPyL, 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF), and 18F-FDG PET/CT were compared in a prospective cohort of men with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: Sixty-seven men (group 1) with documented metastatic PCa underwent 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-NaF PET/CT and a subgroup of 30 men (group 2) underwent additional imaging with 18F-FDG PET/CT. The tracers were compared for their detection rates, imaging concordance, associations with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), treatment at the time of imaging, and castration status. Results: Overall, 61 men had metastatic disease detected on one or more scans, and 6 men had no disease uptake on any of the PET/CT scans (and were subsequently excluded from the analysis). In group 1, 18F-NaF detected significantly more metastatic lesions than 18F-DCFPyL (median of 3 lesions vs. 2, P = 0.001) even after eliminating benign causes of 18F-NaF uptake. This difference was particularly clear for men receiving treatment (P = 0.005) or who were castration-resistant (P = 0.014). The median percentage of bone lesions that were concordant on 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-NaF was 50%. In group 2, 18F-DCFPyL detected more lesions than 18F-FDG (median of 5 lesions vs. 2, P = 0.0003), regardless of PSA level, castration status, or treatment. The median percentage of lesions that were concordant on 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-FDG was 22.2%. This percentage was slightly higher for castration-resistant than castration-sensitive men (P = 0.048). Conclusion: 18F-DCFPyL PET/CT is the most versatile of the 3 PET agents for metastatic PCa; however, 18F-NaF detects more bone metastases. Imaging reveals substantial tumor heterogeneity with only 50% concordance between 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-NaF and 22% concordance for 18F-DCFPyL and 18F-FDG. These findings indicate considerable phenotypic differences among metastatic lesions.
Persistent inflammatory residual risk despite aggressive cholesterol-lowering therapy: what is next?

Purpose of review To briefly summarize recently published evidence on the possible therapeutic modulation of inflammatory processes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), focusing on the rationale for an additional randomized clinical trial, targeting both persistently elevated cholesterol and inflammatory residual risk and critically discuss still open issues and future perspectives with regard to treatment allocation. Recent findings Several large-scale clinical trials over the past few years have advanced our understanding of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis, demonstrating that targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-1β pathway indeed represent a new avenue to reduce residual risk in patients with ASCVD. However, despite optimal lipid-lowering therapy and novel options to modulate residual inflammatory risk, there are still a large number of individuals, being at high risk for recurrent ASCVD events. Summary The integration of a dual target strategy aimed at lowering the inflammatory burden in combination with aggressive lipid-modifying for those at high/very high ASCVD risk may hold potential to significantly improve patient care. However, a number of questions related to the design of such 2 × 2 factorial trial still needs to be answered.
Serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) levels are associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes

To the Editor: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia caused by multiple etiologies. Long-term hyperglycemia causes microvascular and macrovascular damage and lipid metabolism disorders in T2D patients, which can lead to atherosclerosis. About two-thirds of patients with T2D die of cardiovascular complications, mainly atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The overall prevalence of macrovascular complications in T2D is approximately 32%. There are no clinical indicators that can accurately predict the cardiovascular complications of T2D. The early detection of biomarkers for atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with T2D can realize the early identification of diabetic macrovascular disease, which is of great significance for early intervention, improvement of clinical prognosis, and reduction of disability mortality and economic burden. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a hormone secreted by the distal small intestine which regulates lipid and glucose metabolism. However, it is unclearwhether FGF19 functions in the progression of T2D to atherogenic dyslipidemia. In humans, some studies have investigated the relationshipbetween circulatingFGF19and the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD), and have also proved the association between FGF19 and the development of major cardiovascular adverse events in stable CAD. Our previous studies also showed that FGF19 could predict the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in men with T2D. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between FGF19 and the risk of atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with T2D and to explore whether FGF19 can be a biomarker for early diagnosis of atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with T2D.
Prognostic impact of conventional cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia treated with venetoclax and decitabine

Sangeetha Venugopal , Abhishek Maiti , Courtney D. DiNardo, Wei Qiao, Jing Ning, Sanam Loghavi, Naval G. Daver, Tapan M. Kadia, Caitlin R. Rausch, Yesid Alvarado, Maro Ohanian, Koji Sasaki, Nicholas J. Short, Koichi Takahashi, Musa Yilmaz, Farhad Ravandi, Hagop M. Kantarjian and Marina Y. Konopleva Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Reflections on Critical Care’s Past, Present, and Future

The terms “critical care” or “intensive care” (used interchangeably) were coined in the 1950s, arising from the notion that the chances of survival in severely injured or ill patients were better by deploying newly developed organ support technology, guided by real-time physiologic monitoring, in designated areas within hospitals. Perhaps, the landmark event here was the polio epidemic of August 1952, at Blegdam Hospital in Copenhagen, and Dr. Bjørn Ibsen’s radical idea of positive pressure ventilation with tracheostomy (1). This general idea of designated space for critical care can be traced back to the Crimean War in the 1850s, when Florence Nightingale ensured that the most seriously ill patients were managed closer to the nursing station, to the postoperative neurosurgical unit at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore in 1920s, to the postoperative surgical unit at the University of Tübingen in Germany in the 1930s, and to the shock unit in Los Angeles County and the multidisciplinary ICU in Pittsburgh in the 1950s and 1960s (2, 3). At the time, intensive care had a miniscule footprint on healthcare: throughout the 1950s and 1960s, there were only a few university hospitals providing any intensive care and doing so only for a handful of patients with trauma, medical or surgical or other postoperative conditions. In the intervening decades, however, intensive care grew from being a tiny slice of medicine to one of the largest components of healthcare budgets and involving team members from a range of disciplines (nurses, respiratory therapists, physiotherapists, dieticians, pharmacists, psychologists, advanced practice providers, and physicians). Furthermore, the physicians were drawn from a wide range of specialties, including pediatrics, internal medicine, respiratory medicine, anesthesiology, neurology, and general surgery, among others. In the United States, for example, virtually, every acute care hospital now has an ICU, and over 6 million Americans receive intensive care each year, at a cost approaching 1% of the gross national product. The professional expertise of critical care has also expanded beyond that required for management of critical illness syndromes and organ support (4, 5), to include enhanced understanding of the risk factors for, and consequences of, critical illness on patients, and their caregivers (6, 7), as well as a recognition of the need for partnership with a broad community of professionals, including social workers, palliative care providers, psychiatrists, and many others. Here, we review path critical care took during these decades of expansion and change in its scope and nature, through the lens of common syndromes encountered within critical care. We discuss in particular the changing concepts in syndromes, in organ support, in clinical trials, and in the use of implementation science and conclude with some predictions for the future of the Manu Shankar-Hari, MSc, PhD1,2