Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doping dependence of the plasmon dispersion in 2H-TaSe2

Inelastic electron scattering is applied to investigate the impact of potassium intercalation on the charge-carrier plasmon energy and dispersion in the charge- density wave (CDW) bearing compound 2H-TaSe2. We observe an unususal doping dependence of the plasmon dispersion, which even changes sign on alkali addition. In contrast to the continous energy shift of the plasmon position on doping at lowest momentum transfer, its dispersion changes in a rather discontinuous manner. We argue that the observed dynamics can be explained only in a picture, where complex phenomena are taken into account, including the suppression of the CDW on doping as well as the interplay of the CDW and the plasma resonance.
Planar Embedding of Planar Graphs

Abstract : Planar embedding with minimal area of graphs on an integer grid is an interesting problem in VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) theory. Valiant gave an algorithm to construct a planar embeddding for trees in linear area; he also proved that there are planar graphs that require quadratic area. We fill in a spectrum between Valiant's results by showing that an N-node planar graphs has a planar embedding with area 0(NF), where F is a bound on the path length from any node to the exterior face. In particular, an outerplanar graph can be embedded without crossovers in linear area. This bound is tight, up to constant factors: for any N and F, there exist graphs requiring omega(NF) area for planar embedding. Also, finding a minimal embedding area is shown to be Nu-complete for forests, and hence for more general types of graphs. (author)
Global Causal Structure of a Transient Black Object

A singularity-free and spherically symmetric transient black object whose center remains always timelike, yet directly manifests a trapped region, has been constructed and numerically implemented. The exterior geometry is shown to be similar to that of a long-lived transient black hole, with a few subtle differences. The large-scale global structure of the geometry is examined through the construction of a conformal diagram, which exhibits no event horizon and bears resemblance to that of a Minkowski spacetime. Since there is no singularity within the geometry, the evolution of the exchange of information between timelike observers, including those that fall through the trapped region, can be directly explored. The dynamics of generic "standard" communications, as well as entangled communications, is exhibited through both t-versus-r and conformal spacetime diagrams.
A Symmetrical Quartz-Based Magnetoelectric Sensor for Pico-Tesla Magnetic Field Detection

The magnetic sensor should acquire a high detection ability over a wide low-frequency (LF) band of 1–100 Hz for biomagnetic measurements due to the large LF noise. This work presents a magnetic sensor with a modulation coil based on the tri-layer symmetrical Metglas/Quartz/Metglas laminate for LF magnetic fields detection. The Metglas/Quartz/Metglas laminate was fabricated using a rectangle quartz plate with twenty Metglas foils epoxy glued symmetrically. Additionally, the coil can be used to generate modulation voltage. The limit of detection (LOD) of the fabricated symmetrical magnetoelectric (ME) sensor has been measured and optimized without DC bias via frequency modulation technique. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ME sensor can detect a small magnetic field of 11 pT at 1 Hz. Moreover, the Metglas thickness and the modulation voltage also have been optimized and the detection ability of the fabricated sensor has been enhanced with a lower LOD value of 2.7 pT at 1 Hz. This paper provides a symmetrical magnetoelectric sensor using piezoelectric quartz material for LF pico-Tesla magnetic field signals detection. Additionally, the symmetrical sensor without bias can provide a cost-effective and high-performance approach for LF magnetic field detection.
DISK-LOSS AND DISK-RENEWAL PHASES IN CLASSICAL Be STARS. II. CONTRASTING WITH STABLE AND VARIABLE DISKS

Recent observational and theoretical studies of classical Be stars have established the utility of polarization color diagrams (PCDs) in helping to constrain the time-dependent mass decretion rates of these systems. We expand on our pilot observational study of this phenomenon, and report the detailed analysis of a long-term (1989–2004) spectropolarimetric survey of nine additional classical Be stars, including systems exhibiting evidence of partial disk-loss/disk-growth episodes as well as systems exhibiting long-term stable disks. After carefully characterizing and removing the interstellar polarization along the line of sight to each of these targets, we analyze their intrinsic polarization behavior. We find that many steady-state Be disks pause at the top of the PCD, as predicted by theory. We also observe sharp declines in the Balmer jump polarization for later spectral type, near edge-on steady-state disks, again as recently predicted by theory, likely caused when the base density of the disk is very high, and the outer region of the edge-on disk starts to self absorb a significant number of Balmer jump photons. The intrinsic V-band polarization and polarization position angle of γ Cas exhibits variations that seem to phase with the orbital period of a known one-armed density structure in this disk, similar to the theoretical predictions of Halonen & Jones. We also observe stochastic jumps in the intrinsic polarization across the Balmer jump of several known Be+sdO systems, and speculate that the thermal inflation of part of the outer region of these disks could be responsible for producing this observational phenomenon. Finally, we estimate the base densities of this sample of stars to be between ≈8 × 10−11 and ≈4 × 10−12 g cm−3 during quasi steady state periods given there maximum observed polarization.
Reversible and bistable terahertz radiation from magnetoresistive Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 thin films

Reversible and bistable terahertz (THz) radiation by sweeping the temperature has been observed in a dipole-type photoswitching device fabricated on magnetoresistive charge-ordered manganite Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3 thin film. Based on simultaneous measurements of the photocurrent, we show that this THz functionality of Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3 arises from the instability of metallic patches embedded with a charge-ordered insulating phase, which is created by the illumination of visible light under an electric field at constant temperature, and that it can also be controlled by a subsequent change of temperature.Reversible and bistable terahertz (THz) radiation by sweeping the temperature has been observed in a dipole-type photoswitching device fabricated on magnetoresistive charge-ordered manganite Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3 thin film. Based on simultaneous measurements of the photocurrent, we show that this THz functionality of Pr0.7Ca0. 3MnO3 arises from the instability of metallic patches embedded with a charge-ordered insulating phase, which is created by the illumination of visible light under an electric field at constant temperature, and that it can also be controlled by a subsequent change of temperature.
Neutron irradiation effects on AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were exposed to 1 MeV neutron irradiation at a neutron fluence of 1 × 1015 cm−2. The dc characteristics of the devices, such as the drain saturation current and the maximum transconductance, decreased after neutron irradiation. The gate leakage currents increased obviously after neutron irradiation. However, the rf characteristics, such as the cut-off frequency and the maximum frequency, were hardly affected by neutron irradiation. The AlGaN/GaN heterojunctions have been employed for the better understanding of the degradation mechanism. It is shown in the Hall measurements and capacitance—voltage tests that the mobility and concentration of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) decreased after neutron irradiation. There was no evidence of the full-width at half-maximum of X-ray diffraction (XRD) rocking curve changing after irradiation, so the dislocation was not influenced by neutron irradiation. It is concluded that the point defects induced in AlGaN and GaN by neutron irradiation are the dominant mechanisms responsible for performance degradations of AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices.
ϒ ( n S ) and χ b ( n P ) production at hadron colliders in nonrelativistic QCD

ϒ(nS) and χb(nP) (n=1, 2, 3) production at the LHC is studied at next-to-leading order in αs in nonrelativistic QCD. Feeddown contributions from higher χb and ϒ states are all considered for lower ϒ cross sections and polarizations. The long distance matrix elements (LDMEs) are extracted from the yield data, and then used to make predictions for the ϒ(nS) polarizations, which are found to be consistent with the measured polarization data within errors. In particular, the ϒ(3S) polarization puzzle can be understood by a large feeddown contribution from χb(3P) states. Our results may provide a good description for both cross sections and polarizations of prompt ϒ(nS) and χb(nP) production at the LHC.
Comparative Analysis of the Composition of Fatty Acids and Metabolites between Black Tibetan and Chaka Sheep on the Qinghai—Tibet Plateau

Simple Summary Chaka sheep are adapted to a harsh, highly saline environment and are also known for having typical sensory characteristics attributed to free-range conditions and grazing on wild plants. Black Tibetan sheep are located in Guinan county, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Hainan, Qinghai Province, and are well-adapted to the harsh plateau environment in China. In this study, we compared the fatty acids and metabolites in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Black Tibetan and Chaka sheep grazing in a highly saline environment. We found that upregulated organic acid and fatty acid biosynthesis increased the meat quality of Chaka sheep. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate and compare fatty acids and metabolites in the longissimus dorsi muscle between Black Tibetan and Chaka sheep grazing in a highly saline environment. A total of eight castrated sheep (14 months old) with similar body weights (25 ± 2.2 kg) were selected. The experimental treatments included Black Tibetan (BT) and Chaka sheep (CK) groups, and each group had four replications. The experiment lasted for 20 months. All sheep grazed in a highly saline environment for the whole experimental period and had free access to water. The results showed that the diameter (42.23 vs. 51.46 μm), perimeter (131.78 vs. 166.14 μm), and area of muscle fibers (1328.74 vs. 1998.64 μm2) were smaller in Chaka sheep than in Black Tibetan sheep. The ash content in the longissimus dorsi was lower in Chaka sheep than in Black Tibetan sheep (p = 0.010), and the contents of dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), and crude protein (CP) in the longissimus dorsi showed no differences (p > 0.05). For fatty acids, the proportions of C10:0, C15:0, and tC18:1 in the longissimus dorsi were higher in Chaka sheep than in Black Tibetan sheep (p < 0.05). However, all other individual fatty acids were similar among treatments, including saturated fatty acids (SFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the ratios of n-6 PUFAs to n-3 PUFAs and PUFAs to SFAs (p > 0.05). A total of 65 biomarkers were identified between the two breeds of sheep. Among these metabolites, 40 metabolic biomarkers were upregulated in the CK group compared to the BT group, and 25 metabolites were downregulated. The main metabolites include 30 organic acids, 9 amino acids, 5 peptides, 4 amides, 3 adenosines, 2 amines, and other compounds. Based on KEGG analysis, eight pathways, namely, fatty acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, renin secretion, the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, and the cAMP signaling pathway, were identified as significantly different pathways. According to the results on fatty acids and metabolites, upregulated organic acid and fatty acid biosynthesis increased the meat quality of Chaka sheep.
Variational Inference for Sparse Spectrum Approximation in Gaussian Process Regression

Standard sparse pseudo-input approximations to the Gaussian process (GP) cannot handle complex functions well. Sparse spectrum alternatives attempt to answer this but are known to over-fit. We suggest the use of variational inference for the sparse spectrum approximation to avoid both issues. We model the covariance function with a finite Fourier series approximation and treat it as a random variable. The random covariance function has a posterior, on which a variational distribution is placed. The variational distribution transforms the random covariance function to fit the data. We study the properties of our approximate inference, compare it to alternative ones, and extend it to the distributed and stochastic domains. Our approximation captures complex functions better than standard approaches and avoids over-fitting.
Lightweight facial expression recognition method based on deep convolution neural network

On the basis of traditional algorithms, facial expression recognition combined with deep learning technology has improved the recognition accuracy and recognition speed in various scenes, especially in several large data sets. However, with the continuous vertical and horizontal expansion of the network structure focusing on the improvement of recognition effect, it has brought the problems of too large network volume, difficult deployment of mobile terminal, and inability to take into account the effect and practicability. Aiming at this problem, we proposed an improved vgg network structure, and processed the network structure, which greatly reduced the amount of network parameters under the condition of improving the recognition accuracy.
Weak measurements in quantum mechanics

The article recapitulates the concept of weak measurement in its broader sense encapsulating the trade between asymptotically weak measurement precision and asymptotically large measurement statistics. Essential applications in time-continuous measurement and in postselected measurement are presented both in classical and in quantum contexts. We discuss the anomalous quantum weak value in postselected measurement. We concentrate on the general mathematical and physical aspects of weak measurements and we do not expand on their interpretation. Particular applications, even most familiar ones, are not subject of the article which was written for Elsevier's Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics.
A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY VIEW FOR UNDERSTANDING THE DELIVERY OF CITY-SCALE DIGITAL TWINS

Abstract. This paper presents a novel conceptualisation for how city-scale digital twins (CDTs) can be better understood through the social construction of technology (SCOT) lens. This is achieved by drawing inspiration from sociotechnical studies of CDTs, and specifically the SCOT approach. Following a discussion of the shortcomings of technocentrism and techno-optimism bias in the CDT literature, a sociotechnical understanding of their delivery (i.e., conceptualisation, design, development, and implementation) is put forward. Delivering CDTs entails interactions between multiple stakeholders across sectoral boundaries and involve a confluence of business, social and technological dimensions which will engender several multifaceted and evolving complexities. Using the SCOT approach, the paper highlights how a CDT is not a static technical artefact, but rather a transient outcome from a technological network which co-evolves with the actors involved and the goals set in a place. Implications for understanding how an iterative approach for CDT development emerges in a place as part of city smartification agenda, the role of contextual factors in the social shaping of CDTs, actor participation and (ex/in)clusion are identified and discussed as potential future research directions to expand existing knowledge.
Price Risk Strategy Analysis for Budget Hotels in the Post-Pandemic Era

The supply chain of the tourism industry, including air transportation, travel agencies, souvenirs, and hotel services, is almost at a breaking point, causing a rise in unemployment with huge losses during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In order to overcome these losses, we propose that luxury hotels should consider offering budget hotels at a lower cost but with satisfactory accommodation in order to create some turn-arounds in the post-pandemic era. However, budget hotels that branch off from luxury hotels cannot post the same room rates because there are some uncertain factors that affect the traveler experience when staying in budget hotels. In this study, we define four types of risk factors for the self-selection of the consumer model, and then find that the optimal room price appears to be independent of the performance risk for the service quality, brand image, and shuttle buses, but is dependent on physical risk in terms of priority number risk, the financial risk of refund rates, and the privacy risk of investment in the system. Finally, we discuss how government subsidies can encourage branched budget hotels by describing three sensitivity scenarios. The results show that subsidies that go towards staff training and higher-frequency shuttle buses will cause consumers to book more stays in budget hotels and, thereby, contribute to a higher profit. By lobbying the policy on government subsidies, budget hotels that branch off from luxury hotels are a profitable business model for a reduction in the huge losses occurred during the period of the spread of COVID-19.
Survey on An Experimental Analysis of Security Vulnerabilities in Industrial Internet of Things.

- The Proposed paper is the revolutionary development of the Internet of Things has triggered a huge demand for Internet of Things devices. They are extensively applied to various fields of social activities, and concerning manufacturing, they are a key enabling concept for the Industry ecosystem. Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices share common vulnerabilities with standard IoT devices, which are increasingly exposed to the attackers. As such, connected industrial devices may become sources of cyber, as well as physical, threats for people and assets in industrial environments. We carry on an analysis of the current state of the security of IIoT technologies. In several areas, The Internet of Things (IoT) is in operation, and it binds to complicated systems, communicate through extreme atmospheres, and distributed upon several unrestrained frameworks, so they face numerous protections problems as well as difficulties Since the Internet of Things represents a possible forum to incorporate any kind of network and complicated structure, flaws inherent in the individual structures accessible across the embedded network may be encountered. This paper discusses the security concerns of individual IoT interlinked systems and their effect on the interconnected IoT device.
Genetic Testing for Diagnosis and Management of Behavioral Health Conditions

adult patients with MDD who receive Genecept Assay™ testing-guided drug treatment, the evidence includes one RCT. Relevant outcomes are symptoms, changes in disease status, morbid events, functional outcomes, health status measures, quality of life, and treatment-related morbidity. The RCT compared change in the HAMD after eight weeks of follow-up using test results to SOC. No significant differences were found for the primary outcome, or for remission or response between groups. The evidence is insufficient to determine that the technology results in an improvement in the net health outcome.
Influence of eﬀective microorganisms on root­shoot ratio and harvest index of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

: Effective microorganisms (EM) solution was used in combination with different rates of cattle manure to study feasibility of EM in groundnut cultivation. This study determined the fraction of biomass partitioned to root vs. shoot in groundnut response to cattle manure and EM application. Significant reduction in root- shoot ratio was noted with manure application. Further, it was observed that EM application significantly improved harvest index (HI) of the crop. It suggests that cattle manure at the rate of 15 t/ha with EM would give better plant performance of groundnut.
Screening the Biometabolites of Pterocarpus santalinus L.F. An Endemic, Threatened, Medicinal and Multipurpose Plant Taxon.

Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. commonly known as red sanders belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is an endemic to Sheshachalam hills at Nallamala forest of Eastern Ghats, India and considered globally endangered. Due to its high medicinal and economic value and illegal harvest of wood and exports to other countries is being a key threat. Phytochemical constituents are responsible for medicinal value of plant species. Hence in the present study Qualitative and Quantitative screening of biometabolites were carried out separately from leaves, stem bark, shoot tips and auxiliary buds of P.santalinus . The presence of various biometabolites like Flavonoids, Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids, Phenols, Terpenoids, Steroids, Glycosides, Carbohydrates and Proteins were found in polar and non-polar solvents. Aqueous extract consists of a greater number of biometabolites than that of other extracts of stem bark, axillary buds, shoot tips followed by leaves. High quality of phenols and tannins were found in leaf and stem bark respectively. The Results Suggested that the presence of various bioactive compounds in different concentrations confirm the applications of P.santalinus against many ailments. All parts of P.santalinus are highly potential for application in traditional medicines as well as for isolation of novel drugs through Pharmaceutical industry.
Factors affecting adoption of major adaptation strategies against drought among summer vegetables growers in central Nepal

Climate change is one of the critical challenges in the field of agriculture and drought is one among the important effects of global climate change affecting summer vegetables in central Nepal. A research was conducted in central Nepal to seek out factors affecting adaptation strategies against drought among summer vegetables growers. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 300 households adjoining Trishuli Narayani River corridor equally divided among three districts namely Chitwan, Dhading and Nuwakot. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistic and logit model. Irrigation canal, choosing appropriate crop varieties, mulching, adjusting planting time and using organic manure were identified important adaptation strategies for drought within the study areas. Distance of vegetable farm from river, knowledge of climate change with the respondents, training provided to farmers on vegetable farming, access to cooperative was seen significantly affecting farmers to settle on those adaptation strategies against drought. Adopting different practices against drought found to be correlated with topography or agro climatic regions as well. Nuwakot and Dhading with high altitude got less chance of using organic manure and mulching practice in comparison with Chitwan but its opposite with other adaptation practices like adjusting planting times, changing crop varieties and using irrigation canal. Policy makers and extension workers should focus more on knowledge input based on topography or agroclimatic regions as well about climate change adaptation practices among the farmers, hence providing more trainings on vegetable farming, increasing the access to cooperatives and other organizations could ultimately help to strengthen vegetable growers to adopt those adaptation practices.