Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-parametric regression modelling of in situ fCO2 in the Southern Ocean

The Southern Ocean is a complex system, where the relationship between CO2 concentrations and its drivers varies intraand inter-annually. Due to the lack of readily available in situ data in the Southern Ocean, a model approach was required which could predict the CO2 concentration proxy variable, fCO2. This must be done using predictor variables available via remote measurements to ensure the usefulness of the model in the future. These predictor variables were sea surface temperature, log transformed chlorophyll-a concentration, mixed layer depth and at a later stage altimetry. Initial exploratory analysis indicated that a non-parametric approach to the model should be taken. A parametric multiple linear regression model was developed to use as a comparison to previous studies in the North Atlantic Ocean as well as to compare with the results of the non-parametric approach. A non-parametric kernel regression model was then used to predict fCO2 and nally a combination of the parametric and non-parametric regression models was developed, referred to as the mixed regression model. The results indicated, as expected from exploratory analyses, that the non-parametric approach produced more accurate estimates based on an independent test data set. These more accurate estimates, however, were coupled with zero estimates, caused by the curse of dimensionality. It was also found that the inclusion of salinity (not available remotely) improved the model and therefore altimetry was chosen to attempt to capture this e ect in the model. The mixed model displayed reduced errors as well as removing the zero estimates and hence reducing the variance of the error rates. The results indicated that the mixed model is the best approach to use to predict fCO2 in the Southern Ocean and that altimetry's inclusion did improve the prediction accuracy. ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
What can be learned about the relationship with food in food blogs?: A netnographic analysis of Finnish food bloggers’ posts on social media

Social media provide numerous platforms to build relationships with food. In this research, we focus on Finnish food bloggers with the purpose to analyze how the relationship with food appears in food blogs. To answer this question, we conducted a netnographic research by visiting food blogs. The analysis followed qualitative content analysis. The main categories of findings were food-and eating-related values, innovativeness and experimental approach, positive eating-related multi-sensory experiences and memories, and social elements of eating. The role of social media, for example in the form of food blogs, can have a meaningful role in the socialization into the modern eating culture.
Magnetotelluric imaging beneath the Taiwan orogen: An arc‐continent collision

[1] The Taiwan orogen has formed since the late Miocene by oblique collision between the Luzon Volcanic Arc on the Philippine Sea Plate, and the Eurasian continental margin. This oblique collision has produced an orogen that decreases in age from north to south, and permits study of the temporal evolution of an arc-continent collision. These factors make Taiwan a favorable location to study the process of arc-continent collision. The first long-period magnetotelluric (MT) measurements were recorded in Taiwan as part of the Taiwan Integrated Geodynamics Research (TAIGER) project in 2006–7. Measurements were made at 82 sites on three transects across south, central and north Taiwan, that span the breadth of the orogen and cross all major tectonic boundaries. Robust, remote reference processing of the MT time series data resulted in high-quality soundings that were modeled in both 2 and 3-dimensions. These MT models support predictions of lithospheric deformation (i.e., thick-skinned tectonics) beneath the Central Ranges in south and central Taiwan, but are inconsistent with predictions of orogen-scale thin-skinned models. The MT resistivity model for northern Taiwan is consistent with dewatering of the subducting Philippine slab, and with deformation described by the subducting-indenter tectonic model. Modeling the TAIGER MT data has definitively shown that conductive, and seismically active crustal structures, exist to 30+ km beneath the orogen. These conductive regions, interpreted as interconnected fluid, map pervasive zones of collisional deformation that are lithospheric in scale.
The judicious use of environmental sustainability indicators in support of mine closure in South Africa

iv LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF ACRONYMS xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background to Research 1 1.2 Aim, Objectives and Methodology of Research 3 1.3 Limits of Study 4 1.4 Description of Chapters 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.
Personnel Assessment and Personnel Assessment and Decisions Decisions

KEYWORDS Deceptive impression management (i.e., faking) may alter interviewers’ perceptions of applicants’ qualifications and, consequently, decrease the predictive validity of the job interview. In examining faking antecedents, research has given little attention to situational variables. Using a between-subjects experiment, this research addressed that gap by examining whether organizational culture impacted both the extent to which applicants faked and the manner in which they faked during a job interview. Analyses of variance revealed that organizational culture did not affect the extent to which applicants faked. However, when taking into account applicants’ perceptions of the ideal candidate, organizational culture was found to indirectly impact the manner in which applicants faked their personality (agreeableness and honesty-humility). Overall, the findings suggest that applicants may be able to fake their personality traits during job interviews to increase their person–organization fit.
CIRCULAR POLARIZATION IN A 2D PERIODIC ARTIFICIAL ANISOTROPIC DIELECTRIC MEDIUM

The phenomenon of polarization rotation in dielectric periodic structures is quite interesting. A similar structure was used in a sample with a 2D artificial periodic structure, where the plane wave propagation method was applied. Anisotropic dielectric constants were obtained, which were used for polarization rotation, and polarization rotation in an anisotropic medium was studied based on the dielectric permittivity of the effective medium. Those relationships, quantities, and parameters depending on the dielectric medium, dielectric permittivity, and 2D periodic structure have been studied and analyzed, which provide control of the degree of anisotropy, i.e. provide a distinction between fast and slow modes, which in turn provide the best polarization rotation per unit length.
INTRA‐ANNUAL VARIATION IN RIVER–RESERVOIR INTERFACE FISH ASSEMBLAGES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FISH CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT IN REGULATED RIVERS

While much is known about the fish assemblages, habitats, and ecology of rivers and reservoirs, there has been limited study of the fish assemblages in transitional habitats between these lotic and lentic habitats. Data about these river–reservoir interface (RRI) fish assemblages are needed to guide integrated management efforts of river–reservoir ecosystems. The aim of these efforts is to recommend flows for natural river function, conserve native riverine fish assemblages, and maintain reservoir sport fisheries. We used a multigear approach to assess the fish assemblages of four RRIs in the Colorado River Basin, Texas. In addition to characterizing RRI fish assemblages using species richness and evenness metrics, and habitat‐use guilds, we used a multivariate approach to evaluate intra‐annual shifts in species composition and abundance. All RRIs had high species richness and evenness values and included both macrohabitat generalist and fluvial species. RRIs also contained high proportions of the fish species available within each river–reservoir ecosystem, ranging from 55% to 80%. Observed intra‐annual shifts in RRI fish assemblages resulted from changes in abundance of dominant species rather than changes in species composition, with abundance of most species increasing from early spring to summer. Fish species responsible for intra‐annual shifts included mostly floodplain and migratory species, suggesting that species both used littoral habitats within RRIs and migrated through RRIs to river and reservoir habitats. The diversity of fishes found within RRIs highlights the importance of including these areas in future conservation and management efforts of river–reservoir ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of Methods to Enhance Stem Cell Derived Islet Development of Methods to Enhance Stem Cell Derived Islet Survival Survival

Hypoxia in tissue is a condition that oxygen is lacking. The oxygen consumption of cells is closely associated with their function and fate. The human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets, a promising cell source for diabetes treatment, suffer from hypoxia after transplantation. To alleviate hypoxia and enhance cell functions, we developed two platforms as potential strategies, i) Endothelial generation from pluripotent stem cells through CRISPR activation of ETV2; ii) Stem cell-derived islets geometry alternation into a planar shape. The doxycycline-inducible CRISPR activation system was validated, and the endothelial markers gene was upregulated up to 4000 times fold, compared to that of stem cells. The "pancake" islets also displayed advanced insulin production under low and high glucose stimulation. Further assessments are necessary to validate their effects on hypoxia and organoid functions.
Signatures of genetic variation in human microRNAs point to processes of positive selection related to population-specific disease risks

The occurrence of natural variation in human microRNAs has been the focus of numerous studies during the last twenty years. Most of them have been dedicated to study the role of specific mutations in diseases, like cancer, while a minor fraction seek to analyse the diversity profiles of microRNAs in the genomes of human populations. In the present study we analyse the latest human microRNA annotations in the light of the most updated catalog of genetic variation provided by the 1000 Genomes Project. We show by means of the in silico analysis of noncoding variation of microRNAs that the level of evolutionary constraint of these sequences is governed by the interplay of different factors, like their evolutionary age or the genomic location where they emerged. The role of mutations in the shaping of microRNA-driven regulatory interactions is emphasized with the acknowledgement that, while the whole microRNA sequence is highly conserved, the seed region shows a pattern of higher genetic diversity that appears to be caused by the dramatic frequency shifts of a fraction of human microRNAs. We highlight the participation of these microRNAs in population-specific processes by identifying that not only the seed, but also the loop, are particularly differentiated regions among human populations. The quantitative computational comparison of signatures of population differentiation showed that candidate microRNAs with the largest differences are enriched in variants implicated in gene expression levels (eQTLs), selective sweeps and pathological processes. We explore the implication of these evolutionary-driven microRNAs and their SNPs in human diseases, such as different types of cancer, and discuss their role in population-specific disease risk.
Key Knowledge Generation

The purpose of this study is to explore inﬂuential factors of SPA centre customer loyalty. Sample data of consumers of SPA shops are collected by way of a non-random sampling method to facilitate questionnaires. 232 out of 265 questionnaires are received, in which 31 questionnaires are invalid such that 201 questionnaires are valid, and the effective response rate is 75.8%. The results obtained are listed as follows: 1) Sensory experience has a signiﬁcantly positive impact on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. 2) Customer satisfaction has a signiﬁcantly positive impact on customer loyalty. 3) Customer satisfaction has a signiﬁcant mediation effect on the relationships between sensory experience and customer loyalty.
Pentes, Granulométrie et Mobilité des Matériaux le long d'un Talus d'Eboulis en Milieu Alpin

On a selectionne dans les Alpes deux talus d'eboulis presentant un materiel de faible cohesion sur le profil desquels on a fait des mesures de pente et de granulometrie selon un pas regulier. Sur l'un d'eux, on a releve et localise les apports recus de la corniche pendant 10 ans et mesure le deplacement des fragments pendant 2 ans. Le traitement statistique de ces donnees et les resultats obtenus convergent vers un modele biphase de ce type d'accumulation: le segment proximal fonctionne en accumulation-transit, le segment distal en accumulation pure. Le passage d'une phase a l'autre se realise par un point de rupture dynamique bien reperable sur le profil. Ce modele remet en question les precedents, notamment ceux qui ont ete concus a partir de talus artificiels.
Stability Tests for Heterogeneous Panel Data

This paper proposes a new test for structural instability in heterogeneous panels. The test builds on the seminal work of Andrews (2003) originally developed for time series. It is robust to non-normal, het-eroskedastic and serially correlated errors, and allows for the number of post break observations to be small. Importantly, the test considers the alternative of a break affecting only some-and not all-individuals of the panel. Under mild assumptions the test statistic is shown to be asymptotically normal, thanks to the additional cross sectional dimension of panel data. This greatly facilitates the calculation of critical values. Monte Carlo experiments show that the test has good size and power under a wide range of circumstances. The test is then applied to investigate the effect of the Euro on trade. The hospitality of the school is gracefully acknowledged. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
Management and Processing of Temporal Networks

This document is the technical plan of the project TEMPO. It mainly focus on our plan re-lated to the development of the temporal graph management system (database + query engine). To justify our choices and the partial divergence from the initial proposal we make an extensive survey of temporal graph management systems and try to capture their main characteristics. It is noteworthy, that most of these databases where developed after 2020, which makes necessary the changes to our initial plan. We also discuss our plan with respect to community and outlier detection.
Wetting front pressure head in the infiltration model of Green and Ampt

A theoretical expression relating the wetting front pressure head in the infiltration model of Green and Ampt (1911) to soil characteristics is derived. This expression is identical to that previously suggested by Bouwer (1964) on the basis of an analogy with horizontal flow. It differs from a more complete expression recently proposed by Morel-Seytoux and Khanji (1974) in that the effect of air mobility is neglected, the need for determining the functional relationship between the relative permeability of air and water saturation thus being avoided.
Large-scale landslide simulations : global deformation, velocities and basal friction

The cause of the apparent small friction exhibited by long runout landslides has long been speculated upon. In an attempt to provide some insight into the matter, this paper describes results obtained from a discrete particle computer simulation of landslides composed of up to 1,000,000 two-dimensional discs. While simplified, the results show many of the characteristics of field data (the volumetric effect on runout, preserved strata, etc.) and with allowances made for the two-dimensional nature of the simulation, the runouts compare well with those of actual landslides. The results challenge the current view that landslides travel as a nearly solid block riding atop a low friction basal layer. Instead, they show that the mass is completely shearing and indicate that the apparent friction coefficient is an increasing function of shear rate. The volumetric effect can then be understood. With all other conditions being equal, different size slides appear to travel with nearly the same average velocity; however, as the larger landslides are thicker, they experience smaller shear rates and correspondingly smaller fractional resistance.
Correlation with Clinical Stage of Glaucoma Atrophy with 3T MR Imaging and Assessment of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although previous animal studies have shown structural changes in ocular hypertension such as atrophy of the LGN, such changes have not been thoroughly studied in human glaucoma patients nor correlation made with clinical stage. Our aim was to investigate prospectively LGN atrophy in patients with POAG using 3T MR imaging and correlation with the clinical stage of disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with known POAG and 26 age-matched healthy volunteers were included in this institutional review board (cid:1) approved study. All subjects underwent imaging on a 3T MR imaging system with a PD and GM sequence. LGN height and volume were measured by 2 blinded neuroradiologists. Measurements were compared and correlated with clinical glaucoma severity as assessed by static threshold visual field parameters. RESULTS: Average maximum LGN height in patients with glaucoma on PD images was 4.36 (cid:2) 0.61 mm (right) and 4.31 (cid:2) 0.61 mm (left), significantly less ( P (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 3 ) than respective measurements of 5.05 (cid:2) 0.41 and 4.99 (cid:2) 0.41 mm in volunteers. With the GM sequences, such respective measurements were also less ( P (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 3 ) in patients with glaucoma (4.20 (cid:2) 0.71 mm right, 4.00 (cid:2) 0.85 mm left) versus respective measurements in volunteers (4.88 (cid:2) 0.51 mm right, 4.77 (cid:2) 0.47 mm left). Average LGN volumes in the patient group were 98.0 (cid:2) 27.2 mm 3 (right) and 93.7 (cid:2) 25.8 mm 3 (left) with the PD sequence versus respective measurements of 85.2 (cid:2) 27.1 and 80.5 (cid:2) 23.6 mm 3 with the GM sequence. All height and volume measurements were greater in volunteers ( P (cid:3) 10 (cid:1) 3 ). In the patient group, both maximum height and volume of the LGN with both sequences were significantly correlated with cumulative clinical glaucoma stage ( P (cid:3) . 05). CONCLUSIONS: MR imaging measurements of LGN height and volume are diminished in patients with glaucoma, with the extent of atrophy correlating to clinical stage, suggesting a novel imaging marker of disease severity
Sequential stagnation of Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctica

Ice‐penetrating radar data confirm the presence of two relict northern margins of Kamb Ice Stream (KIS), West Antarctica in an area called the Duckfoot. Between the two relict margins, deep layers are preserved and buried crevasses remain at a constant depth until roughly 1.5 km from the innermost (youngest) margin suggesting that this outer portion of the ice stream stagnated suddenly (<10 years). Stagnation was likely accomplished through changes in basal conditions (i.e., reduced lubrication) beneath this outer portion of the ice stream and resulted in a narrowing of the ice stream trunk by 27% and a reduction in flow speed ∼200 years prior to complete stagnation. Flowstripe deformation as a result of Duckfoot stagnation provides an estimate of KIS paleo‐velocity of 210 m/a after Duckfoot stagnation.
Reflectance assessment of canopy CO2 uptake

The potential of using visible and near-infrared reflectance for remote assessment of plant photosynthetic processes has been developed recently at the leaf and proximal canopy levels (Penñuelas and Filella 1998). This Letter presents a further step in such development by using visible reflectance to monitor net CO2 uptake of a whole 4 ha crop field, thus opening the possibility for applications at larger areas with remote sensing from airborne sensors.
Spectrally resolved efficiencies of carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction in the western Canadian Arctic: particles versus solutes

Spectrally resolved efficiency (i.e. apparent quantum yield, AQY) of carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction is a useful indicator of substrate photoreactivity and a crucial parameter for modeling CO photoproduction rates in the water column. Recent evidence has suggested that CO photoproduction from particles in marine waters is significant compared to the well-known CO production from chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) photodegradation. Although CDOM-based CO AQY spectra have been extensively determined, little is known of this information on the particulate phase. Using water samples collected from the Mackenzie estuary, shelf, and Canada Basin in the southeastern Beaufort Sea, the present study for the first time quantified the AQY spectra of particle-based CO photoproduction and compared them with the concomitantly determined CDOM-based CO AQY spectra. CO AQYs of both particles and CDOM decreased with wavelength but the spectral shape of the particulate AQY was flatter in the visible regime. This feature resulted in a disproportionally higher visible light-driven CO production by particles, thereby increasing the ratio of particle- to CDOM-based CO photoproduction with depth in the euphotic zone. In terms of depth-integrated production in the euphotic zone, CO formation from CDOM was dominated by the ultraviolet (UV, 290–400 nm) radiation whereas UV and visible light played roughly equal roles in CO production from particles. Spatially, CO AQY of bulk particulate matter (i.e. the sum of organics and inorganics) augmented from the estuary and shelf to the basin while CO AQY of CDOM trended inversely. Water from the deep chlorophyll maximum layer revealed higher CO AQYs than did surface water for both particles and CDOM. CO AQY of bulk particulate matter exceeded that of CDOM on the shelf and in the basin, but the sequence reversed in the estuary. Without consideration of the potential role of metal oxides (e.g. iron oxides) in particle photochemistry, mineral absorption-corrected CO AQY of particulate organic matter (POM) could, however, surpass its CDOM counterpart in all three sub-regions and displayed magnitudes in the estuary that overtook those in shelf and offshore waters. In terms of CO photoproduction, POM was thus more photoreactive than CDOM, irrespective of the organic matter's origins (i.e. terrigenous or marine). Riverine CDOM exhibited higher photoreactivity than marine CDOM and land-derived POM appeared more photoreactive than marine POM. AQY-based modeling indicates that CO photoproduction in the study area is underestimated by 12–32% if the particulate term is ignored.