Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Cauchy problem for the generalized hyperelastic rod wave equation

In this paper we consider the Cauchy problem for the generalized hyperelasticrod wave equation ut−utxx+[f(u)]x−[f(u)]xxx+g(u)+f′′(u)2ux2x=0which includes the Camassa‐Holm equation and the hyperelastic rod wave equation. Firstly, by using the Kato's theory, we prove that the Cauchy problem for the generalized hyperelastic rod wave is locally well‐posed in Sobolev spaces Hs(R) with s>3/2 . Secondly, we give some conservation laws, some useful conclusions and the precise blow‐up scenario and show that the Cauchy problem for the generalized hyperelastic rod wave equation has smooth solutions which blows up in finite time. Thirdly, we give the blow‐up rate of the strong solutions to the Cauchy problem for the generalized hyperelastic rod wave equation. Finally, we give the lower bound of the maximal existence time of the solution and the lower semicontinuity of existence time of solutions to the generalized hyperelastic rod wave equation.
Sliding mode control of an unmanned air-vehicle system

The objective of this study is to design a Controller that is stable under varying conditions of system parameters from the trim conditions and also robust for parametric variation for an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) System. The PID and Sliding Mode Controller are the control models for the UAV system that are studied, designed and analyzed. The proposed Sliding Mode Controller was applied to a nonlinear second order system (Single Input Single Output (SISO)) and tested for stability and robustness of the system for parametric variation. The control model indicated chattering effect with switching (signum) function. Therefore, in order to negate this chattering effect Saturation and ATAN functions were proposed for the control input. It was observed that the modified system demonstrated robustness in presence of parameter uncertainties such as inertial mass, stiffness, damping, input gain and nonlinear gain. The same model is tested with a PID Controller and observed that the controller is stable but the tracking error is 10 times more than the sliding mode controller, this is due to inability of the linear PID controller to control nonlinear systems. The sliding mode controller was then extended to control a Single Input Two Output system for parametric variation. It was observed that the controller was able to stabilize the system and make the system robust. Then, Sliding Mode Controller based on Switching theory and Lyapunov's theory was designed for Unmanned Air Vehicle System under uncertainty conditions. Stable sliding mode and robust asymptotic stability in uncertain UAV systems were investigated for variation in Velocity and Angle ofAttack parameters. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the design method.
Dual Contrast Molecular Imaging Allows Noninvasive Characterization of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Coronary Vessel Occlusion in Mice by MRI

Background —Inflammation and myocardial necrosis play important roles in ischemia/reperfusion injury after coronary artery occlusion and recanalization. The detection of inflammatory activity and the extent of myocardial necrosis itself are of great clinical and prognostic interest. We developed a dual, non-invasive imaging approach using molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an in vivo mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Methods and Results —Ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in 10 week old C57BL/6N mice by temporary ligation of the “left anterior descending coronary artery“(LAD). Activated platelets were targeted with a contrast agent consisting of microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) conjugated to a single-chain antibody directed against a ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) on activated glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa (=LIBS-MPIO). After injection and imaging of LIBS-MPIO, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was used to depict myocardial necrosis; these imaging experiments were also performed in P2Y 12-/- mice. All imaging results were correlated to immunohistochemistry findings. Activated platelets were detectable by MRI via a significant signal effect caused by LIBS-MPIO in the area of LAD occlusion two hours after reperfusion. In parallel, LGE identified the extent of myocardial necrosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that LIBS-MPIO significantly bound to microthrombi in reperfused myocardium. Only background-binding was found in P2Y 12-/- mice. Conclusions —Dual molecular imaging of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury allows characterization of platelet-driven inflammation by LIBS-MPIO as well as myocardial necrosis by LGE. This non-invasive imaging strategy is of clinical interest for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and highlights the potential of molecular MRI for characterizing ischemia/reperfusion injury. glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa (=LIBS-MPIO). After injection and imaging of LIBS--MPMPMPIOIOO,, lalaatetete gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was used to depict myocardial necrosis; these imaging experiments were also performed in P2Y 12-/- mice. All imaging results were correlated to mmmmumumunonohiiststtoococheemimiststryry finindidngngs.s. Acctivavteed plataeleleetetss werere ddetecttababable bby y MMRI viia a a signgnifiicicant iiignnnala effect cacauusseed bbbyyy LILILIBSBSBS-M-M-MPIPIIOO O ininn tthhe aareea offf LLLADDD oocccccluuusisionoon ttwowo hoouoursrss aaaftftererr reepepeerrfufuusisionoon. In f papaararalllllell,, LGLGE E E ididenenentiififieeded thehe eeextxtxtenent ofofo mmmyyoyocacaardddiaial nneececrroossisis.s. IImmmmmuununoohistotochcheeemmimiststryryy ccononffirrmrmeedd tttha LIBSBS-MMPIPIOO sisigngifficicanatlyy bobounundd toto microroththrorombmbi i in rrepepererfufusesed d mymyococarardiiumum. OnOnlyl bbacakgkgrorounud-d-binding g wass fofofoununund dd ininin PPP2Y2Y2 12112-/--/-/- mmicicicee.
ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION FILTER USING LMS ALGORITHM ON AN FPGA FOR MILI-TARY APPLICATIONS

-Adaptive filters have gained popularity over the years due to their ability to adapt themselves to different environments without substantial intervention by the user. This paper implements an adaptive noise cancellation filter on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The filter is designed using the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm due to its computational simplicity, robust behavior when implemented in finite-precision hardware and well understood convergence behavior. To check the correctness and response of the adaptive noise cancellation filter, the LMS algorithm is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink tool. The Simulink model is used as a reference to implement the algorithm using the Xilinx Tool Box. To implement the adaptive filter on hardware, the System Generator (SysGen) tool in the Xilinx block set is used to generate the bit file which is downloaded onto the FPGA through hardware co-simulation. The analysis shows that the FPGA’s response is almost identical to that of the simulated responses. Hence, hardware implementation of the adaptive filter us-ing an FPGA is efficient and reliable. This paper presents the adaptive noise cancellation filter using LMS algorithm on an FPGA board suitable for noise cancellation in Pilot helmets for Military Missions.
Real World Study on Regorafenib for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the Beyond-Second-Line Setting in Macau

Objective: Approved treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) beyond the second-line included regorafenib. We intended to elucidate the proportion of patients with mCRC who failed to receive regorafenib and to identify baseline patient characteristics which might be predictive of ineligibility for regorafenib. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed for all the patients who experienced failure of standard 1 st and 2 nd -line treatment for mCRC in our hospital. Comparison was made between patients who had exposure to regorafenib and those who did not. Logistic regression was utilized to identify predictors for ineligibility of regorafenib. Results: Among 70 enrolled patients, 39 failed to receive regorafenib. 22 were truly ineligible for regorafenib. The regorafenib group was superior to the non-regorafenib group regarding median overall survival (mOS) beyond-2 nd line (8.0 versus 3.8 months, Hazard ratio 0.292) and survival from diagnosis of mCRC (34.9 versus 18.9 months, Hazard ratio 0.432). Presence of peritoneal metastases upon diagnosis of mCRC (Odds ratio 4.491) was found to be associated with ineligibility for regorafenib. Conclusions: 31.4% of the patients with mCRC were ineligible for regorafenib as salvage therapy upon failure of 2 nd line treatment. Peritoneal metastasis was found to be associated with future ineligibility for regorafenib. VEGF: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; EGFR: Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor; mOS: Median Overall Survival; OS: Overall Survival; TTF: Time to Treatment Failure; ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; CCI: Chalson Co-Morbidity Index; HR: Hazard Ratio; 95% CI: 95% Confidence Intervals; OR: Odds ratio.
Short-Term Changes in Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil Charcoal Support Enhanced Landscape Mobility Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences

Charcoal is a major component of the stable soil organic carbon reservoir, and the physical and chemical properties of charcoal can sometimes signi ﬁ cantly alter bulk soil properties (e.g., by increasing soil water holding capacity). However, our understanding of the residence time of soil charcoal remains uncertain, with old measured soil charcoal ages in apparent con ﬂ ict with relatively short modeled and measured residence times. These discrepancies may exist because the fate of charcoal on the landscape is a function not just of its resistance to biological decomposition but also its physical mobility. Mobility may be important in controlling charcoal landscape residence time and may arti ﬁ cially in ﬂ ate estimates of its degradability, but few studies have examined charcoal vulnerability to physical redistribution. Charcoal landscape redistribution is likely higher than other organic carbon fractions owing to charcoal ’ s low bulk density, typically less than 1.0 g/cm 3 . Here we examine both the physical and chemical properties of soil and charcoal over a period of two years following a 2011 wild ﬁ re in Texas. We ﬁ nd little change in properties with time; however, we ﬁ nd evidence of enhanced mobility of charcoal relative to other forms of soil organic matter. These data add to a growing body of evidence that charcoal is preferentially eroded, offering another explanation for variations observed in its environmental residence times. and exposed to interactions with minerals and soil biomass. This indicates that even after soil mixing, charcoal could retain the high porosity that renders it vulnerable to overland ﬂ ow, which will impact soil charcoal concentration estimates. This suggests that erosional movement of charcoal could continue for years following deposition on the soil surface. In addition, the highly friable nature of charcoal may render it more vulnerable to breakage, resulting in smaller particle sizes more vulnerable to movement (Liu et al., 2017), and potentially signi ﬁ cantly impacting soil charcoal storage (Inoue et al., 2017). In extremely ﬂ at environments like our ﬁ eld site this may simply mean that charcoal moves around on the landscape, but in environments with topographic relief this may lead to preferential redistribution of charcoal into depositional lows and/or watersheds.
MINIREVIEW The GO System Protects Organisms from the Mutagenic Effect of the Spontaneous Lesion 8-Hydroxyguanine

not active and replication occurred with 8-oxo-dGTP in the deoxynucleotide pool, replication would be largely accurate because the polymerase preferentially inserts the correct T opposite A residues. However, inaccurate replication could result in the misincorporation of 8-oxo-dGTP opposite template A residues, leading to A/GO mispairs. MutY could be involved in the mutation process because it is active on the A/GO substrate and would remove the template A, leading to the A * T- C- G transversions that are characteristic of a mutT strain. The 8-oxo-dGTP could also be incorporated opposite template cytosines, resulting in a damaged C/GO pair that could be corrected by MutM.
Reconﬁguration of the Achene and Receptacle Metabolic Networks during Strawberry Fruit Development 1[C][W]

The anatomy of strawberry ( Fragaria 3 ananassa ) fruit, in which the achene is found on the outer part of the fruit, makes it an excellent species for studying the regulation of fruit development. It can provide a model for the cross talk between primary and secondary metabolism, whose role is of pivotal importance in the process. By combining gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with the aim of addressing the metabolic regulation underlying fruit seed development, we simultaneously analyzed the composition of primary and secondary metabolites, separately, in achene and receptacle during fruit ripening of strawberry cultivar Herut. The results from these analyses suggest that changes in primary and secondary metabolism reﬂect organ and developmental speciﬁcities. For instance, the receptacle was characterized by increases in sugars and their direct derivatives, while the achene was characterized by a major decrease in the levels of carbon- and nitrogen-rich compounds, with the exception of storage-related metabolites (e.g. rafﬁnose). Furthermore, the receptacle, and to a lesser extent the achene, exhibited dynamic ﬂuctuations in the levels and nature of secondary metabolites across the ripening process. In the receptacle, proanthocyanidins and ﬂavonol derivatives characterized mainly early developmental stages, while anthocyanins were abundant in the mature red stage; in the achene, ellagitannin and ﬂavonoids were abundant during early and late development, respectively. Correlation-based network analysis suggested that metabolism is substantially coordinated during early development in either organ. Nonetheless, a higher degree of connectivity within and between metabolic pathways was measured in the achenes. The data are discussed within the context of current models both of the interaction of primary and secondary metabolism and of the metabolic interaction between the different plant organs.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection: Double Trouble CURRENT STATUS: POSTED

The ongoing pandemic of novel coronavirus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has received worldwide attention by becoming a major global health threat. We encountered one case of SARS-CoV-2 and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) coinfection which has not been frequently reported. A 76 year old female presented with acute respiratory symptoms superimposed on chronic symptoms, suggestive to have pneumonia. Oropharyngeal throat swab sample for SARS-CoV-2 infection was positive as detected by real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Sputum smear staining was positive for acid fast bacilli. Clinicians should suspect coinfection with pulmonary TB while treating Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during ongoing pandemic as therapeutic strategies need to be determined accordingly to improve outcome and prevent transmission in community. count
LINGUISTIC SYNERGETICS: ORIGIN, KEY CONCEPTS AND APPLICATION

The article advances linguistic synergetics as a new interdisciplinary research approach to language studies. It starts with a brief outline of origin and development of synergetics that was to become the methodological basis of linguistic synergetics. Then the article covers ap plication of synergetic principles to linguistic research with special emphasis laid on the two principal branches – synergetics of language and synergetics of speech. Finally, key concepts of synergetics useful for linguistic analysis are listed and regarded in detail. Synergetics is seen as a unified approach to various complex systems study that originated within sciences. It promotes integrity of methods elaborated in various disciplines and variety of models to represent complexity of organic and inorganic systems. Successful application of concepts and methods of the synergetic approach to the description of biological, physical, historic, so -cial, and even economic phenomena has revealed similarity, if not universality of principles of evolution of complex systems. As a result, synergetics has made it possible to launch a wide variety of interdisciplinary interrelationships. Investigation of language within the synergetic paradigm is determined by features of language as an open self-organised synergetic system. Multidimensional ontology of language has made it possible to employ synergetic methodol ogy in the various studies of language. At the present stage, linguistic synergetics includes the following two principal branches – synergetics of language and synergetics of speech. The main task of linguistic synergetics is to reveal, describe and explain the mechanism of the inner dynamic structure of a language using research principles of synergetics as a paradigm of complexity. Key concepts of linguistic synergetics include ‘a closed / open system’, ‘linearity / non-linearity’, ‘self-organisation’, ‘dissipation’, ‘order (control) parameters’, ‘fluctuations’ and ‘bifurcations’, ‘stability (equilibrium) / instability’, ‘an attractor’, ‘a fractal’. fractality, self-organisation, order parameters.
Nebulization before Gastric Lavage in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents

Thinness a major underlying The incidence of child undernutrition is high around the world, particularly alarming in the developing countries. This cross-sectional inves- tigation has been undertaken among rural primary school-going children residing in Phansidewa block of Darjeeling district. The study sample was 2111 children (1028 boys; 1083 girls) aged 5–12 years. Height, weight was taken and body mass index (BMI) was calcu- lated. The recent international cut-off of BMI of Cole et al. was used to assess the prevalence of thinness. The overall mean BMI among boys and girls were 14.01 (cid:2) 1.57 kg m (cid:3) 2 and 14.17 (cid:2) 1.87kg m (cid:3) 2 respectively ( p < 0.05). A very high prevalence was observed in overall thinness (71.11% boys; 67.77% girls, p > 0.05) in the different grades of thinness. Child under- nutrition (thinness) is a major underlying problem in Indian rural children, especially in rural West Bengal, where appropriate nutritional intervention strategies are necessary to improve their nutritional status. Saline Summary The main objective is to assess whether neb- ulization before gastric lavage (GL) improves its sensitivity for the diagnosis of childhood tuber- culosis (TB). Children and adolescents suspected of pulmonary TB were randomly assigned (1: 2) to nebulization with hypertonic saline 30 min before GL (Neb group; n ¼ 36) or GL without prior nebulization (controls; n ¼ 68). The pro- portion of positive GL smears was greater in Neb group than in the control group; however, no statistical significance was observed (36.3% vs. 22.2%; p ¼ 0.4). Inhalation of nebulized hypertonic saline before GL did not improve TB diagnosis in this study. Nevertheless, the validation of our data will require large long- itudinal studies.
Review of Photogrammetry Techniques for 3D Scanning Tasks of Buildings

—The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of photogrammetry methods for three-dimensional scanning of buildings. This work contains a description of the photogrammetric techniques and their comparison. The paper identifies the features that arise during the three-dimensional reconstruction of buildings. In this work, also, a comparison of photogrammetric programs was made. The paper contains research on the influence of the identified features on the quality of the resulting model. Synthetic test data were created for research based on generating a sequence of images of an existing three-dimensional object. The benchmark was developed to automate calculating model quality metrics: Hausdorff distance, mean error, and root mean square error. The program accepts two models as input, calculates the given metrics, and builds a similarity color map.
Ectopic fat depositions in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

The storage of triglyceride (TG) droplets in non-adipose tissues is called ectopic fat storage. Ectopic fat is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Not the triglycerides per se but the accumulation of intermediates of lipid metabolism in organs, such as the liver, skeletal muscle and heart seem to disrupt metabolic processes and impair organ function. We describe the mechanisms of ectopic fat depositions in the liver, skeletal muscle and in and around the heart and the consequences for each organ's function. In addition, we systematically reviewed the literature for the effects of diet-induced weight loss and exercise on ectopic fat depositions.
Pre-proof Lessons learned from CHMP2B, implications for frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are two neurodegenerative diseases with clinical, genetic and pathological overlap. As such, they are commonly regarded as a single spectrum disorder, with pure FTD and pure ALS representing distinct ends of a continuum. Dysfunctional endo-lysosomal and autophagic trafficking, leading to impaired proteostasis is common across the FTD-ALS spectrum. These pathways are, in part, mediated by CHMP2B, a protein that coordinates membrane scission events as a core component of the ESCRT machinery. Here we review how ALS and FTD disease causing mutations in CHMP2B have greatly contributed to our understanding of how endosomal-lysosomal and autophagic dysfunction contribute to neurodegeneration, and how in vitro and in vivo models have helped elucidate novel candidates for potential therapeutic intervention with implications across the FTD-ALS spectrum. Subsequent accumulation of and p62 aggregates compared mice CHM2B Wild type the same genomic looked at both heterozygous and homozygous CHMP2B Intron5 versus non-transgenic OPTN As such, genetic interaction between CHMP2B Intron5 and TBK1 further underlines potential interplay between autophagic and immune signalling pathways in FTD-ALS spectrum disorders. These findings also contribute to a developing framework of known FTD-ALS loci and interactors, including TBK1, OPTN, CHMP2B, Rab8, Ubiquilin-2 and C9Orf72 involved in these pathways. damage apoptotic cascades in adjacent Taken these highlight convergent may underpin spreading pathology FTD-ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. data also that nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors may represent novel treatments for CHMP2B Intron5 and other FTD-ALS spectrum diseases. Future work on this will benefit from data monitoring the effects of these drugs in the FTD-ALS spectrum. A phase 2a combination in the ALS functioning rating scale-revised progression rate 21.8%.