Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Status Quo, Critical Reflection and Road Ahead of Digital Nudging in Information Systems Research - A Discussion with Markus Weinmann and Alexey Voinov

Research on Digital Nudging has become increasingly popular in the Information Systems (IS) community. This paper presents an overview of the current progress, a critical reflection and an outlook to further research regarding Digital Nudging in IS. For this purpose, we conducted a comprehensive literature review as well as an interview with Markus Weinmann from Rotterdam School of Management at Erasmus University, one of the first scholars who introduced Digital Nudging to the IS community, and Alexey Voinov, director of the Centre on Persuasive Systems for Wise Adaptive Living at University of Technology Sydney. The findings uncover a gap between what we know about what constitutes Digital Nudging and how consequent requirements can actually be put into practice. In this context, the original concept of Nudging bears inherent challenges, e.g. regarding the focus on the individuals' welfare, which hence also apply to Digital Nudging. Moreover, we need a better understanding of how Nudging in digital choice environments differs from that in the offline world. To further distinguish itself from other disciplines that already tested various nudges in many different domains, Digital Nudging Research in IS may benefit from a strong Design Science perspective, going beyond the test of effectiveness and providing specific design principles for the different types of digital nudges.
NationalMood: Large-scale Estimation of People's Mood from Web Search Query and Mobile Sensor Data

The ability to estimate current affective statuses of web users has considerable potential towards the realization of user-centric opportune services. However, determining the type of data to be used for such estimation as well as collecting the ground truth of such affective statuses are difficult in the real world situation. We propose a novel way of such estimation based on a combinational use of user's web search queries and mobile sensor data. Our large-scale data analysis with about 11,000,000 users and 100 recent advertisement log revealed (1) the existence of certain class of advertisement to which mood-status-based delivery would be significantly effective, (2) that our "National Mood Score" shows the ups and downs of people's moods in COVID-19 pandemic that inversely correlated to the number of patients, as well as the weekly mood rhythm of people.
The Adams–Novikov E2-term for Behrens’ spectrum Q(2) at the prime 3

Article history: Received 11 July 2014 Received in revised form 6 February 2015 Available online 7 April 2015 Communicated by C.A. Weibel MSC: 55P42; 55Q45 We compute the Adams–Novikov E2-term of a spectrum Q(2) constructed by M. Behrens. The homotopy groups of Q(2) are closely tied to the 3-primary stable homotopy groups of spheres; in particular, they are conjectured to detect the homotopy beta family of Greek letter elements at the prime 3. Our computation leverages techniques used by Behrens to compute the rational homotopy of Q(2), and leads to a conjecture that the Adams–Novikov E2-term for Q(2) detects the algebraic beta family in the BP-based Adams–Novikov E2-term for the 3-local sphere. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Search for long-lived particles decaying to $e^\pm \mu^\mp \nu$

Long-lived particles decaying to $e^\pm \mu^\mp \nu$, with masses between 7 and $50$ GeV/c$^2$ and lifetimes between 2 and $50$ ps, are searched for by looking at displaced vertices containing electrons and muons of opposite charges. The search is performed using $5.4$ fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. Three mechanisms of production of long-lived particles are considered: the direct pair production from quark interactions, the pair production from the decay of a Standard-Model-like Higgs boson with a mass of $125$ GeV/c$^2$, and the charged current production from an on-shell $W$ boson with an additional lepton. No evidence of these long-lived states is obtained and upper limits on the production cross-section times branching fraction are set on the different production modes.
Seismic Processing in the Inverse Data Space, Removal of Surface-Related and Internal Multiples

B036 Seismic Processing in the Inverse Data Space Removal of Surface–Related and Internal Multiples A.J. Berkhout* (Delft University of Technology) & D.J. Verschuur (Delft University of Technology) SUMMARY Considering the dominant role of multiple scattering in seismic data it is proposed to replace data matrix P by its inverse P-1 before starting seismic processing. Making use of the feedback model for seismic data it is shown that surface-related multiple scattered energy is mapped onto the zero time axis of the inverse data space. The practical consequence of this property may be significant: multiple elimination in the inverse data space simplifies
Dynamical Link between Typhoon Activity and the PJ Teleconnection Pattern from Early Summer to Autumn as Revealed by the JRA-25 Reanalysis

Using the Japanese long-term Re-Analysis project (JRA-25) data, we investigated the seasonal dependence on dynamical links between the Pacific-Japan (PJ) pattern and typhoon activity. It was found that the PJ patterns tend to prevail soon after typhoons to the east of the Philippines migrating northward across the 20°N line during the period from July to October. Especially in early summer the low-level southwesterly jet formed by the penetration of the Asian summer monsoon westerlies into the Philippine Sea enables the typhoons to generate the PJ pattern, whereas in autumn the upper-level Asian jet contributes to the appearance of PJ as an alternative waveguide. The seasonal differences in latitudinal position and strength between the two different waveguides influence the vertical tilt structure of PJ in the vicinity of Japan. It also turns out that even though the typhoons are far away from Japan, they have the potential to indirectly and remotely activate stationary fronts around Japan during the rainy season through the dominance of PJ.
Value‐based distance between information structures

We define the distance between two information structures as the largest possible difference in value across all zero‐sum games. We provide a tractable characterization of distance and use it to discuss the relation between the value of information in games versus single‐agent problems, the value of additional information, informational substitutes, complements, or joint information. The convergence to a countable information structure under value‐based distance is equivalent to the weak convergence of belief hierarchies, implying, among other things, that for zero‐sum games, approximate knowledge is equivalent to common knowledge. At the same time, the space of information structures under the value‐based distance is large: there exists a sequence of information structures where players acquire increasingly more information, and ε > 0 such that any two elements of the sequence have distance of at least ε. This result answers by the negative the second (and last unsolved) of the three problems posed by Mertens in his paper “Repeated Games” (1986).
The role of wild reindeer as a flagship species in new management models in Norway

Wild reindeer are under pressure from human development projects throughout their habitat. Norway is currently making a significant move to establish a new management model based on national reindeer regions and regional management plans. A focus on wild reindeer as a flagship species allows the species to be included as a broad conservation objective in complex land-use plans. The authors surveyed a representative sample of residents in the Rondane and Setesdal regions to examine their perceptions of the current status of reindeer and how management relates to other social and development issues. Local actors and institutions, including hunters, were perceived as more responsible and suited to make decisions about reindeer population sizes and management objectives than non-local actors. There was little local consensus on the role of human impacts on wild reindeer, and residents rated local knowledge higher than scientific knowledge for management purposes. Rondane residents attached more importance to reindeer than Setesdal residents, but the latter saw reindeer as more threatened by human development. New management approaches will need to take a social-ecological perspective and recognize that the inclusion of reindeer can enhance broader conservation goals at regional, national, and international levels, but may also escalate local social conflicts.
A Measurement-Based Skin Reflectance Model for Face Rendering and Editing

We present a novel skin reflectance model for faces and its application to face appearance editing. We decompose the high-dimensional bidirectional scattering surface reflectance distribution function (BSSRDF) of skin into components that can be estimated from measured data. Our model is intuitive, amenable to interactive rendering, and easy to edit. High-quality renderings come close to reproducing real photographs. We have measured 3D face geometry, skin reflectance, and subsurface scattering for a large group of people using custom-built devices and fit the data to our model. The analysis of the reflectance data reveals vairations according to subject age, race, gender and external factors (heat, cold, makeup, etc.) We derive a low-dimensional model using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) that spans the space of skin reflectance in our database. A user can define meaningful parameters in this space such as race, gender, and age and change the overall appearance of a person (e.g., making a Caucasian face look more Asian) or change local features (e.g., adding moles, freckles or hair follicles).
Volcanic features of the nearside equatorial lunar maria

A map is presented of the distribution of volcanic features in the lunar maria between longitudes 50°E. and 100°W, and latitudes 50°N. and S. Flood basaltic flows predominate, and where individual flow units can be identified they may be hundreds of kilometres long. Sinuous rilles are considered to be tubes and channels associated with flood volcanism and to indicate directions and lengths of flows. The large areal extent of the flood basalts may result from an exeedingly high eruption rate of low viscosity lava. Mare ridges are thought to be generally shallow in origin and result from magma movement in extensive shallow sills. Other types of volcanism include caldera collapse, shield volcanoes and viscous extrusions together with pyroclastic cones.
Online Reinforcement Learning for Periodic MDP

We study learning in periodic Markov Decision Process(MDP), a special type of non-stationary MDP where both the state transition probabilities and reward functions vary periodically, under the average reward maximization setting. We formulate the problem as a stationary MDP by augmenting the state space with the period index, and propose a periodic upper confidence bound reinforcement learning-2 (PUCRL2) algorithm. We show that the regret of PUCRL2 varies linearly with the period and as sub-linear with the horizon length. Numerical results demonstrate the efficacy of PUCRL2.
Measurements of the absolute branching fractions of $D^{0(+)}\to K\bar K\pi\pi$ decays

Based on 2.93~fb$^{-1}$ $e^+e^-$ collision data taken at center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV by the BESIII detector, we report the measurements of the absolute branching fractions of $D^0\to K^+K^-\pi^0\pi^0$, $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+\pi^-$, $D^0\to K^0_SK^-\pi^+\pi^0$, $D^0\to K^0_SK^+\pi^-\pi^0$, $D^+\to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^0$, $D^+\to K^0_SK^+\pi^0\pi^0$, $D^+\to K^0_SK^-\pi^+\pi^+$, $D^+\to K^0_SK^+\pi^+\pi^-$, and $D^+\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+\pi^0$. The decays $D^0\to K^+K^-\pi^0\pi^0$, $D^0\to K^0_SK^-\pi^+\pi^0$, $D^0\to K^0_SK^+\pi^-\pi^0$, $D^+\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+\pi^0$, and $D^+\to K^0_SK^+\pi^0\pi^0$ are observed for the first time. The branching fractions of the decays $D^0\to K^0_SK^0_S\pi^+\pi^-$, $D^+\to K^+K^-\pi^+\pi^0$, $D^+\to K^0_SK^-\pi^+\pi^+$, and $D^+\to K^0_SK^+\pi^+\pi^-$ are measured with improved precision compared to the world-average values.
Surface wave waveform inversions for local shear‐wave velocities under eastern Australia

The waveform inversion method developed by Kushnir et al. [1989] and expanded by Passier and Snieder [1995b] yields estimates of structure along short interstation paths and of average velocity gradients. In contrast, 3D tomographic inversions yield local estimates of the earth structure by combining the information contained in a large set of long propagation paths. Both approaches lead to estimates of the local earth structure, but the two methods are subject to different types of artifact. As a test case of the consistency of the two approaches we consider the recent S‐velocity model of the Australian region by Zielhuis and Van der Hilst [1996]. We invert 20 Rayleigh wave waveforms between 20 and 110 s recorded on the Australian continent, most of them by the mobile Skippy network. From the data, we directly extract measurements of the S‐velocity structure at various short interstation paths in Australia and obtain estimates of the average velocity gradient along long paths. The estimates of the local interstation structure and the estimates of the velocity gradient are consistent with the 3D model of Zielhuis and Van der Hilst [1996]. These results provide illustrative examples of how specific features of a complex velocity structure can be determined using only a few waveforms.
Using infrared/X-ray flare statistics to probe the emission regions near the event horizon of Sgr A*

The supermassive black hole at the centre of the Galaxy flares at least daily in the infrared (IR) and X-ray bands, yet the process driving these flares is still unknown. So far detailed analysis has only been performed on a few bright flares. In particular, the broad-band spectral modelling suffers from a strong lack of simultaneous data. However, new monitoring campaigns now provide data on thousands of flaring events, allowing a statistical analysis of the flare properties. In this paper, we investigate the X-ray and IR flux distributions of the flare events. Using a self-consistent calculation of the particle distribution, we model the statistical properties of the flares. Based on a previous work on single flares, we consider two families of models: pure synchrotron (SD) models and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models. We investigate the effect of fluctuations in some relevant parameters (e.g. acceleration properties, density, magnetic field) on the flux distributions. The distribution of these parameters is readily derived from the flux distributions observed at different wavelengths. In both scenarios, we find that fluctuations of the power injected in accelerated particles play a major role. This must be distributed as a power law (with different indices in each model). In the synchrotron-dominated scenario, we derive the most extreme values of the acceleration power required to reproduce the brightest flares. In that model, the distribution of the acceleration slope fluctuations is constrained and in the SSC scenario we constrain the distributions of the correlated magnetic field and flow density variations.
Syst\`emes du LIA \`a DEFT'13

The 2013 D\'efi de Fouille de Textes (DEFT) campaign is interested in two types of language analysis tasks, the document classification and the information extraction in the specialized domain of cuisine recipes. We present the systems that the LIA has used in DEFT 2013. Our systems show interesting results, even though the complexity of the proposed tasks.
On Error Decoding of Locally Repairable and Partial MDS Codes

We consider error decoding of locally repairable codes (LRC) and partial MDS (PMDS) codes through interleaved decoding. For a specific class of LRCs we investigate the success probability of interleaved decoding. For PMDS codes we show that there is a wide range of parameters for which interleaved decoding can increase their decoding radius beyond the minimum distance with the probability of successful decoding approaching 1, when the code length goes to infinity.
On the spectral theory and dynamics of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds

— We present a brief survey of the spectral theory and dynamics of infinite volume asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds. Beginning with their geometry and examples, we proceed to their spectral and scattering theories, dynamics, and the physical description of their quantum and classical mechanics. We conclude with a discussion of recent results, ideas, and conjectures. Resume. — Cet article est une presentation rapide de la theorie spectrale et de la dynamique des varietes asymptotiquement hyperboliques a volume infini. Nous commencons par leur geometrie et quelques exemples, nous poursuivons en rappelant leur theorie spectrale, puis continuons sur des developpements recents de leur dynamique. Nous concluons par une discussion des resultats qui demontrent un rapport entre leurs mecaniques quantiques et classiques et enfin, nous offrons quelques idees et conjectures.
Connecting Dots -- from Local Covariance to Empirical Intrinsic Geometry and Locally Linear Embedding.

Local covariance structure under the manifold setup has been widely applied in the machine learning society. Based on the established theoretical results, we provide an extensive study of two relevant manifold learning algorithms, empirical intrinsic geometry (EIG) and the locally linear embedding (LLE) under the manifold setup. Particularly, we show that without an accurate dimension estimation, the geodesic distance estimation by EIG might be corrupted. Furthermore, we show that by taking the local covariance matrix into account, we can more accurately estimate the local geodesic distance. When understanding LLE based on the local covariance structure, its intimate relationship with the curvature suggests a variation of LLE depending on the "truncation scheme". We provide a theoretical analysis of the variation.
Analyzing Expected Outcomes and Almost-Sure Termination of Probabilistic Programs is Hard

This paper considers the computational hardness of computing expected outcomes and deciding almost-sure termination of probabilistic programs. We show that deciding almost-sure termination and deciding whether the expected outcome of a program equals a given rational value is $\Pi^0_2$-complete. Computing lower and upper bounds on the expected outcome is shown to be recursively enumerable and $\Sigma^0_2$-complete, respectively.
Statistical Models for Infectious Disease Surveillance Counts

Models for infectious disease surveillance counts have to take into account the specific characteristics of this type of data. While showing a regular, often seasonal, pattern over long time periods, there are occasional irregularities or outbreaks. A model which is a compromise between mechanistic models and empirical models is proposed. A key idea is to distinguish between an endemic and an epidemic component, which allows to separate the regular pattern from the irregularities and outbreaks. This is of particular advantage for outbreak detection in public health surveillance. While the endemic component is parameter-driven, the epidemic component is based on observationdriven approaches, including an autoregression on past observations. A particular challenge of infectious disease counts is the modelling of the outbreaks and irregularities in the data. We model the autoregressive parameter of the epidemic component by a Bayesian changepoint model, which shows an adaptive amount of smoothing, and is able to model the jumps and fast increases as well as the smooth decreases in the data. While the model can be used as a generic approach for infectious disease counts, it is particularly suited for outbreak detection in public health surveillance. Furthermore, the predictive qualities of the Bayesian changepoint model allow for short term predictions of the number of disease cases, which are of particular public health interest. A sequential update using a particle filter is provided, that can be used for a prospective analysis of the changepoint model conditioning on fixed values for the other parameters, which is of particular advantage for public health surveillance. A suitable multivariate extension is provided, that is able to explain the interactions between units, e.g. age groups or spatial regions. An application to influenza and meningococcal disease data shows that the occasional outbreaks of meningococcal disease can largely be explained by the influence of influenza on meningococcal disease. The risk of a future meningococcal disease outbreak caused by influenza can be predicted. The comparison of the different models, including a model based on Gaussian Markov random fields shows that the inclusion of the epidemic component as well as a time varying epidemic parameter improves the fit and the predictive qualities of the model.
Alpine medicinal plant trade and Himalayan mountain livelihood strategies

Commercial alpine medicinal plants are collected from the wild by local rural households throughout the Himalaya and sold in order to increase household incomes. Recent studies indicate that this annual trade amounts to thousands of tonnes of roots, rhizomes, tubers, leaves, etc., worth millions of US dollars. The main market is in India. Based on a national survey, including the most commonly traded species, and a village study this paper investigates the importance of the alpine medicinal plant trade at national and local levels in Nepal. The national survey included standardized openended interviews with 232 harvesters, 64 local traders, 66 central wholesalers, 47 regional wholesalers, and 16 production companies. The village survey is based on the daily records of household activities in 15 households in a one-year period. The annual Nepalese alpine and sub-alpine medicinal plant trade is conservatively estimated to vary from 480 to 2500 t with a total harvester value of US$0.8-3.3 million; the average harvester value is estimated at US$66.0 ? 99.0. The trade in 1997/98 amounted to 1600 t with a harvester value of US$2.3 million and an export value equivalent to 2.5% of total export from Nepal. Medicinal plant harvesting was found to constitute an integrated part of local livelihood strategies, contributing from 3 to 44% (average of 12%) of the annual household income. Importance at household level depended on land and animal holdings, and the availability of adult male labour. The validity and reliability of methods and analyses is evaluated, and issues of conservation and management of alpine medicinal plant species under the community forestry scheme are discussed.