Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isotopie du soufre dans les glaces polaires et les aerosols marins

Le soufre est un element important de la physico-chimie atmospherique, pour sa contribution a l'acidite des eaux de pluie et son implication dans le systeme climatique. L'effet radiatif du sulfate tend a neutraliser le rechauffement du aux gaz a effet de serre. L'impact climatique de la contribution anthropique au souffre atmospherique est encore mal estimee. La composition isotopique du soufre apporte des elements importants dans la determination de la nature des emissions soufrees. La procedure experimentale mise au point au cours de la these permet la mesure isotopique du soufre present en traces dans les glaces polaires, a l'echelle de la micromole. L'etude de la neige du pole sud a montre la nature volcanique du pic de sulfate observe plusieurs mois apres l'eruption de l'agung (1963), et confirme que la source du sulfate de bruit de fond depose a cet endroit est la biosphere marine. L'etude du sulfate du carottage profond de vostok (antarctique) suggere que le cycle atmospherique du soufre aux hautes latitudes est comparable lors des periodes climatiques chaudes holocene et eemien. Les principales variations de teneur en sulfate dans la glace semblent dues au volcanisme. L'existence d'une contribution continentale non negligeable lors de la periode froide etudiee (dernier maximum glaciaire) est suggeree. Des echantillons provenant de glaces de l'hemisphere nord ont ete analyses, montrant notamment le mixage de sulfates volcanique et biogenique marin au groenland dans le bruit de fond preindustriel. L'analyse du sulfate des aerosols marins (ocean atlantique) discrimines en taille a permis de constater la presence de sulfate d'origine continentale dans le reservoir de particules fines de la couche limite marine, en atmosphere marine eloignee. Les resultats obtenus amenent a suggerer une reevaluation de l'impact radiatif du soufre continental, et notamment anthropique, en atmosphere marine.
Performance Comparison of Two Mobi l i ty Models Using AODV

AODV is the most important routing protocol for Ad Hoc network. In this, we make a comparison of two mobility models viz. Random Direction and Probabilistic Random Walk based over AODV protocol in context of the services offered by them to the transport layer. Detailed simulations are then performed to compare the performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, average end-2-end delay and normalized routing load of both models with respect to varying number of nodes. This paper presents simulation results in order to choose the best mobility model to give the highest performance when implemented on the AODV and TCP as traffic generator. We observe the high variability of the result, exact behavior of the system and the impossibility to define a unique proposal, which is general to every environment. On the bases of these observations, we found that Random Direction model having good packet delivery ratio on some aspects and less normalized routing load when the number of nodes are increasing. On the other hand end-2-end delay is less in the Probabilistic Random Walk.
Moon Phase as the Cause of Monday Irrationality: Case of Asean Day of the Week Anomaly

Many Day-of-the week anomaly papers have suggested investor behaviour as the explanation of highly differentiated returns on Mondays; yet, rarely found a paper has empirically investigated it. Therefore, this paper proposes Moon-Induced mood as the determinant of that irrational behaviour. This proposition is based on our preliminary findings that the full moon phase occurred more often on Mondays compared to other days; an indication of a causal relationship. By taking Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines as samples during the period of 1999-2010, this paper found: (1) There is evidence of a Monday effect across all the ASEAN stock markets, (2) The moon phase and its interaction with Mondays has significantly influenced the Monday effect, and (3) A full moon on Monday has significant negative influenced on Monday returns. In conclusion, the stimulation by moon phase forms affection bias, and the resulting outcome is the irrational stock market behavior.
Human Influence on Marine Low-Level Clouds

A study of air mass origin’s effect on marine stratus and stratocumulus clouds has been performed on clouds north of Scandinavia between 2000 and 2004. The aerosol number size distribution of the air masses has been obtained from measurements in northern Finland. A trajectory model has been used to calculate trajectories to and from the measurement stations. The back trajectories were calculated using the measurement site as receptor to make sure the air masses had the right origin, and forward trajectories were calculated from receptor stations to assure adequate flow conditions. Satellite data of microphysical parameters of clouds from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) has been downloaded where the trajectories indicated that clouds could be studied, and where the satellite images displayed low-level clouds. The 25 % days with the highest number of aerosol with a diameter over 80 nm (N80) and the 35% with the lowest N80 have been used to represent polluted and clean conditions respectively. After screening trajectories and satellite imagery, 22 cases of clouds with northerly trajectories that had low N80 values (i.e. clean) and 25 southerly cases with high N80 values (i.e. polluted) where identified for further analysis. The average cloud optical thickness (τ) for all polluted pixels was more than twice that of the clean pixels. This can most likely be related to the differences in aerosol concentrations in accordance with the indirect effect, yet some difference in τ caused by different meteorological situations cannot be ruled out. The mean cloud droplet effective radius (aef) was for the polluted pixels 11.2 µm and for the clean pixels 15.5 µm, which results in a difference of 4.3 µm and clearly demonstrates the effect that increased aerosol numbers has on clouds. A non-linear relationship between aef and N80 has been obtained which indicates that changes in lower values of aerosol numbers affect aef more than changes in larger aerosol loads. The results from this study also indicate that there is a larger difference in the microphysical cloud parameters between the polluted and clean cases in spring and autumn than in summer.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES

Repeated reference to ‘guanxi’ (Chinese term for ‘relationship’) and its status as a critical success factor for doing business in China’s transitional economy can be traced within the strategic management literature. This phenomenon has been progressively explored through Transaction Cost Economics and Resource Based View conceptual and analytical lenses. A detailed review of the literature highlights certain conflicting arguments and limitations associated with both of these two conceptualisations of guanxi as a source of a sustainable competitive advantage. This research gap is addressed by exploring guanxi from a dynamic capabilities perspective, thereby offering new insight into the phenomenon and its implications for achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: A study of 39 cases at autopsy.

BACKGROUND Aspergillus is a common cause of invasive mycosis, especially in immunocompromised or immunosuppressed individuals. AIMS To study the incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and evaluate the predisposing factors and clinico-pathological manifestations. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Retrospective analysis of autopsy material from a tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS All autopsies performed over a 12-year period were reviewed and cases with invasive aspergillosis were analysed with respect to their clinical presentation, predisposing factors, gross and histological features, complications and causes of death. RESULTS Among a total of 20475 autopsies performed in 12 years, 39 patients (0.19 %) had invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. There were 28 males and 11 females. Their ages ranged from five months to 67 years. Dyspnoea, fever, cough with mucopurulent expectoration, chest pain and haemoptysis were commonly encountered symptoms. Forty-one per cent of the patients had no respiratory symptoms. Fungal aetiology was not entertained clinically in any of the patients. The major underlying conditions were prolonged antibiotic therapy, steroid therapy, and renal transplantation, often associated with underlying lung diseases. Pneumonia, abscesses, vascular thrombosis and infarction were common findings at autopsy. Antecedent tuberculosis, mucormycosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Cytomegalovirus infection were also present. In most cases, death was related to extensive pulmonary involvement or fungal dissemination. CONCLUSION A diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should always be borne in mind whenever one is dealing with recalcitrant lung infections even with subtle immunosuppression. Radiological investigations and serologic markers can be utilised for confirmation and prompt therapy.
First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea associated with dieback of aspen (Populus tremula) in Italy

Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Fitosanitarie, Universita` degli Studi di Catania, Via S. Soﬁa 100, 95123 Catania, ItalyIn summer 2007, a dieback was observed on European aspen (Populustremula, Salicaceae) growing in a nature reserve in Catania province,Italy.Treesshoweddeclinesymptomsofyellowing,wiltingandbrowningoftheleaves,followedbyleafdrop.Thediebackwasassociatedwithcan-kersonthebranchesortrunk.Morethan30%oftreeswereaffected;mostwere about 20 years old, with a few trees over 100 years old showingsymptoms.Afunguswasconstantlyisolatedfromaffectedbarkincubatedon potato dextrose agar (PDA). The colonies were fast growing, withimmersedlight-brownmyceliumbearingaggregateddark-browntoblackpycnidia, up to 300 lm in diameter. The conidia were aseptate, smooth,fusiform, 19–38 · 2–6 lm. The fungus was identiﬁed as Fusicoccumaesculi,theanamorphicstateofBotryosphaeriadothidea(Sutton,1980). A representative isolate (IMI 395176)was deposited atCABI Bioscience,UK, who conﬁrmed the identity of the isolate as B. populi (syn. B. dothi-dea). The rDNA regions ITS1–5.8S-ITS2 of the isolate were ampliﬁed byPCR using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4. The sequence (GenBankAccession No.GU119957) revealed 100% homology with 21 isolates ofB.dothideainGenBank. Pathogenicitywastestedonten,2-year-oldseed-lings of European aspen. A 5 mm patch of bark was removed from thestems and replaced with PDA plugs colonized by the fungus. Ten controlplants were inoculated with sterile agar plugs. All the trees were kept intheopenair.Aftertenmonths,allinoculatedplantsshowedcankersattheinoculation point and canopy wilting. Darkening of wood and bark wasobserved 3–6 cm above and below the inoculation point. Control plantsremained healthy. Koch’s postulates were met by the re-isolation of thefungus from symptom-bearing tissues. Botryosphaeria dothidea isreported asadamaging pathogenofpoplarinChina(Wang etal.,2007). In Serbia it causes cankers on the poplar clone I-214 (Populus delto-ides · P. nigra) (Karadzˇic´ et al., 2000), and in Portugal B. populi causesdamagetoP.nigra(Phillips,2000). However,thisistheﬁrstﬁndingofthisorganismonEuropeanaspeninItaly. References
Papel dos fluxos de calor latente e sensível em superfície associado a um caso de ciclogênese na Costa Leste da América do Sul: Role of surface latent and sensible heat fluxes associated to a South America East Coast cyclogenesis case

Numeric experiments were run with meteorological regional model with the purpose to verify the impact of both latent and sensible surface heat fluxes (FCL and FCS, respectively) during the development of an intense east cost cyclone over southeastern region of South America from 24 to 26 July, 1998. The intensification rate of the cyclone was reduced by 6 hPa/24 h in the experiment where the FCL and FCS were absents. It was also verified that the absence of FCL presented more impact than without FCS. The intensification rate was reduced by 6 hPa/24h in the experiment without FCL and became unaltered in the experiment without FCS, but in the later the isobar with minimum value around the cyclone center occupied a smaller area. The absence of the FCL and FCS generated a drier and colder layer near the oceanic surface, reducing the environmental potential instability and decreasing the cyclone intensification. With these results it is possible to conclude that the FCL and FCS were important before the phase of most rapid cyclone development, preparing the environment to a more intense cyclogenesis, supplying both energy and moisture to the lower troposphere. In the phase of the most rapid development, the available energy and moisture (inserted in the previous phase) in the lower levels were also important, allowing the cyclone to develop more intensely than it could be in a drier and less thermically unstable environment.
Sugar uptake, fruit growth and carbon partitioning in the strawberry

Approved: Patrifetf J. Breen Sinks, plant organs which depend on the import of assimilates for growth, play a central role in determining assimilate distribution patterns within the plant. The strawberry fruit is a strong sink for dry matter and its effect on carbon partitioning and assimilation in the plant as well as the mechanism by which dry matter is assimilated by the fruit were studied. All experiments were conducted with day-neutral strawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch. cv Brighton) grown in a greenhouse. Plants were deblossomed to determine the effect of fruiting on plant growth. Fruit was the dominant sink accumulating ,16 g dry weight/plant and during the peak of fruit growth, fruit accumulated more dry matter than assimilated by the entire plant. Fruit limited the growth of all vegetative plant parts. During the peak of fruit growth net photosynthesis per unit area of single leaves was 60-80% higher in fruiting plants than in deblossomed plants. To determine the chemical form in which dry matter arrived at the fruit, labeled photosynthate was collected from the phloem of cut pedicels. Radioactive label in the phloem exudate was found to be primarily in sucrose (92%) with the remainder in glucose (2%), fructose (1%) and acidic and basic fractions (4%). Growth of a strawberry fruit was dependent upon its ranking within an inflorescence. Primary fruit had the largest diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, expansion rate and relative growth rate from anthesis until fruit were ripe. " All of these parameters decreased with lower ranking on the inflorescence. Rates of l^C-sucrose uptake by fruit tissue discs cut from fruit having different growth rates were similar to rates of dry matter accumulation into the fruit in situ. Uptake of ^C-sucrose into fruit tissue discs was greatest at a pH of 5.0 and 40C. High concentrations of metabolic inhibitors such as dinitrophenol stimulated sucrose uptake while reducing respiration and incorporation of label into insoluble components. Kinetic analysis of sucrose uptake revealed a linear and a saturable component. The uptake rates of fructose and glucose, which are the products of sucrose hydrolysis, were measured. The rates of fructose uptake were similar to that of sucrose, but glucose uptake was 2-3 fold greater and exhibited saturation kinetics. SUGAR UPTAKE, FRUIT GROWTH AND CARBON PARTITIONING IN THE STRAWBERRY
Modality-Speciﬁc Effects of Perceptual Load in Multimedia Processing

Digital media are sensory-rich, multimodal, and often highly interactive. An extensive collection of theories and models within the ﬁeld of media psychology assume the multimodal nature of media stimuli, yet there is current ambiguity as to the independent contributions of visual and auditory content to message complexity and to resource availability in the human processing system. In this manuscript, we argue that explicating the concepts of perceptual and cognitive load can create progress toward a deeper understanding of modality-speciﬁc effects in media processing. In addition, we report ﬁndings from an experiment showing that perceptual load leads to modality-speciﬁc reductions in resource availability, whereas cognitive load leads to a modality-general reduction in resource availability. We conclude with a brief discussion regarding the critical importance of separating modality-speciﬁc forms of load in an increasingly multisensory media environment.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Growth Effects of Exchange Rate Adjustment

The European sovereign debt crisis revived the discussion concerning pros and cons of exchange rate adjustment in the face of asymmetric shocks. In the spirit of keynes, exit from the euro area is to regain rapidly international competitiveness. In the spirit of Schumpeter, exhange rate stability with structural reforms would be beneficial towards the long-run growth performance. Previous literature has estimated the average growth of countries with different degrees of exchange rate flexibility. We augment this literature by analyzing short-and long-term growth effects of exchange rate flexibility in a panel-cointegration framework for a sample of 60 countries clustered in five country groups. The estimations show that countries with a high degree of exchange rate stability exhibit a higher long-term growth performance. In line with Mundell (1961), we show that the degree of business cycle synchronization with the (potential) anchor country matters for the impact of exchange rate flexibility on growth.
The Effects of Anthropogenic Noise on the Foraging Efficiency of a Gleaning Bat and the Activity Levels of a Natural Bat Assemblage

vi LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF PICTURES . xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xvi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 Sound . 1 Physical Properties . 2 Anthropogenic Noise . 3 Conservation Concerns . 7 Foraging . 13 Bat Ecology . 16 Natural History. 16 Study Species for the Laboratory Experiment . 20 Previous Research . 23 CHAPTER TWO: EFFECTS OF TRAFFIC AND NATURAL GAS COMPRESSOR NOISE ON THE FORAGING EFFICIENCY OF PALLID BATS . 29 Abstract . 29. 29
Compact routing schemes

We describe several compact routing schemes for general weighted undirected networks. Our schemes are simple and easy to implement. The routing tables stored at the nodes of the network are all very small. The headers attached to the routed messages, including the name of the destination, are extremely short. The routing decision at each node takes <i>constant</i> time. Yet, the <i>stretch</i> of these routing schemes, i.e., the worst ratio between the cost of the path on which a packet is routed and the cost of the cheapest path from source to destination, is a small constant. Our schemes achieve a near-optimal tradeoff between the size of the routing tables used and the resulting stretch. More specifically, we obtain:<ul><li>A routing scheme that uses only O (<i>n</i> <sup>1/2</sup>) bits of memory at each node of an <i>n</i>-node network that has stretch 3. The space is <i>optimal</i>, up to logarithmic factors, in the sense that every routing scheme with stretch < 3 must use, on some networks, routing tables of total size &OHgr;(<i>n</i><sup>2</sup>), and every routing scheme with stretch < 5 must use, on some networks, routing tables of total size &OHgr;(<i>n</i><sup>3/2</sup>). The headers used are only (1 + <i>&Ogr;</i>(1)) log<sup>2</sup>> <i>n</i>-bits long and each routing decision takes <i>constant</i> time. A variant of this scheme with [log<subscrpt>2</subscrpt> <i>n</i>] -bit headers makes routing decisions in <i>&Ogr;</i>(log log <i>n</i>) time. </li><li>Also, for every integer <i>k</i> > 2, a general <i>handshaking</i> based routing scheme that uses O (<i>n</i><sup>1/k</sup>) bits of memory at each node that has stretch 2<i>k</i> - 1. A conjecture of Erdös from 1963, settled for <i>k</i> = 3, 5, implies that the routing tables are of near-optimal size relative to the stretch. The handshaking is similar in spirit to a DNS lookup in TCP/IP. Headers are <i>&Ogr;</i>(log<sup>2</sup> <i>n</i>) bits long and each routing decision takes <i>constant</i> time. Without handshaking, the stretch of the scheme increases to 4<i>k</i> — 5. One ingredient used to obtain the routing schemes mentioned above, may be of independent practical and theoretical interest: </li><li>A shortest path routing scheme for <i>trees</i> of arbitrary degree and diameter that assigns each vertex of an <i>n</i>-node tree a (1 + <i>&Ogr;</i>(1)) log<sup>2</sup> <i>n</i>-bit label. Given the label of a source node and the label of a destination it is possible to compute, in <i>constant</i> time, the port number of the edge from the source that heads in the direction of the destination. </li></ul> The general scheme for <i>k</i> > 2 also uses a clustering technique introduced recently by the authors. The clusters obtained using this technique induce a sparse and low stretch <i>tree cover</i> of the network. This essentially reduces routing in general networks into routing problems in trees that could be solved using the above technique.
The development and application of a new algorithm for ocean geoid recovery

The thesis describes and tests a method to combine satellite measurements of the geoid height with shipboard and terrestrial measurements of the freeair gravity anomaly using Fourier transform techniques. Fast Fourier transforms enable very large data sets to be processed quickly, but require the data to be available on a complete and regular grid. New methods were devised that grid altimeter and marine gravity data, and which remove the long-wavelength errors associated with these measurements. Satellite altimeter data distributed along widely spaced groundtracks were differenced along track to reduce long-wavelength orbit errors (acknowledging that this underestimates the true slope), and any repeat track observations were averaged to reduce time-dependent oceanographic noise. The ascending and descending along-track slopes were then gridded separately, using a kernel designed to extrapolate the observations smoothly into the gaps between tracks, at maximum computer efficiency. The spectral properties of the gridding operation were analysed by calculation of a transfer function. Then, using linear vector geometry, grids of along-track slopes were transformed to grid-easting and -northing deflections of the vertical. Vertical deflection grids from any number of satellite missions can then be combined, and converted using Fourier techniques to give a grid of the geoid height. A grid of the freeair anomaly was also generated. The effect of datum errors in the shipboard gravity data was reduced by processing not gravity but along-track gravity gradient. An incomplete grid of freeair gravity anomalies was generated from the observed along-track gravity slopes, constrained by and improving the altimeter-derived freeair anomaly grid. This method produces a smoothed field, owing to the nature of the interpolation algorithm. Land gravity measurements were interpolated directly onto a separate grid as there was no similar long-wavelength error in the data. The combination algorithm performed a weighted superposition of the geoid