Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of High Strength and High RRR Aluminum-Stabilizer for Superconducting Cable in CEPC Detector Magnet

For the development of a large-aperture superconducting detector magnet in circular electron-positron collider (CEPC), super-conducting cables consisting of Nb-Ti/Cu wires and aluminum stabilizer are essential in both handling large electromagnetic forces during normal operation and redistributing the operation current of tens of kiloampere in case of a quench. High-purity aluminum stabilizer offers extremely high residual resistivity ratio (RRR) for quench protections, however, is too ductile to withstand huge Lorentz forces. Doping technology have been studied in detail in this paper to improve the yield strength of 4N8-aluminium (99.998%) while minimizing the reduction of RRR. All aluminum-alloy samples are characterized by a GM cryocooler for the measurement of RRR and by the standard tensile test facility for the measurement of 0.2% yield strength. It is found that by doping in Ni-0.025% Be-0.025%, annealing at 430 °C, cold-working hardening (∼21%), and curing at 130 °C for 15 h, the resultant aluminum alloy obtains an Rp0.2 of 75 MPa at room temperature and a RRR of 417, meeting the basic design requirements of the superconducting detector magnet for CEPC.
Modeling the moist‐convective atmosphere with a Quasi‐3‐D Multiscale Modeling Framework (Q3D MMF)

The Q3D MMF (Quasi‐Three‐Dimensional Multiscale Modeling Framework) is a new generation of MMF that replaces the conventional subgrid‐scale parameterizations in general circulation models (GCMs) with explicit simulations of cloud and associated processes by cloud‐resolving models (CRMs). In the Q3D MMF, 3‐D CRMs are applied to the channel domains that extend over GCM grid cells. To avoid “double counting” of the large‐scale effects, only the eddy effects simulated by the CRMs are implemented into the GCM as far as the transports are concerned, while the total effects are implemented for diabatic processes. The CRMs recognize the large‐scale horizontal inhomogeneity through the lateral boundary conditions obtained from the GCM through interpolation. To maintain compatibility between the GCM and CRMs, the averages of CRM variables over the GCM grid spacing are relaxed to the corresponding GCM variables with the advective time scale. To evaluate the Q3D MMF, a transition from a wave to strong vortices is simulated in an idealized horizontal domain. Comparison with a fully 3‐D benchmark simulation shows that the Q3D MMF successfully predicts the evolution of the vortices. It also captures important statistics such as the domain‐averaged surface precipitation rate, turbulent fluxes and subgrid‐scale (co)variances. From tests with 3‐D and 2‐D CRMs, respectively, it is concluded that the ability to recognize large‐scale inhomogeneities is primarily responsible for the successful performance of the Q3D MMF. It is also demonstrated that the use of two perpendicular sets of CRMs has positive impacts on the simulation.
NEAR Encounter with Asteroid 253 Mathilde: Overview

Abstract On June 27, 1997, the NEAR spacecraft carried out the first-ever encounter with a C-type asteroid, flying by 253 Mathilde at a distance of 1212 km. We summarize findings derived from 330 images obtained by NEAR's MSI camera which cover about 60% of the surface of the asteroid. The highest resolution achieved was about 160 m/pixel. Mathilde is a low-reflectance object (geometric albedo=0.047) with principal diameters of 66×48×44 km. The mean radius of 26.4±1.3 km is somewhat smaller than the value of 30 km suggested by previous telescopic data. Mathilde's surface morphology is dominated by large craters, at least four of which have diameters comparable to the radius of Mathilde. The two largest, Ishikari and Karoo, have diameters of 29.3 and 33.4 km, respectively. No evidence of layering is exposed in the crater walls, but suggestions of downslope movement are present. The surface density of craters in the diameter range from 0.5 to 5 km is close to equilibrium saturation, a situation in which as many craters are being destroyed as are being produced. Observed depth-to-diameter ratios for craters in this size range are close to those observed on the lunar surface. A disruption lifetime of about 4 billion years has been estimated for Mathilde. Based on the mass determination obtained from Doppler tracking (D. K. Yeomans et al. , 1997, Science 278 , 2106–2109) and the volume derived from MSI images, the average density of Mathilde is remarkably low: 1.3±0.3 g/cm 3 , a value consistent with a rubble pile structure for the interior. Assuming that Mathilde's rock type is similar to that found in CM meteorites, the porosity of the interior must be some 50%. Shock and seismic disturbances associated with major impacts are expected to be transmitted very poorly by Mathilde's underdense interior, a fact which may explain the remarkable degree to which surface morphology and topography have been preserved in spite of later major collisional events. Except for the lower geometric albedo (0.047±0.005), the photometric properties of Mathilde are closely similar to those of Phobos. The surface is extremely homogeneous in terms of both color or albedo: specifically, no color or albedo variations associated with craters have been identified.
Development of a clinically relevant ex vivo model of cardiac ablation for testing of ablation catheters

Reliable ex vivo cardiac ablation models have the potential to increase catheter testing throughput while minimizing animal usage. The goal of this work was to develop a physiologically relevant ex vivo swine model of cardiac ablation displaying minimal variability and high repeatability and identify and optimize key parameters involved in ablation outcomes.
Efficacy and Safety of Sacubitril/Valsartan Compared With ACEI/ARB on Health-Related Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Data on the effects of sacubitril/valsartan compared with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are limited. Objective: To evaluate the comparative effects between sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB on HRQoL, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception to March 2, 2022 for randomized controlled trials that compared the HRQoL scores, including Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), or Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey 12 or 36 (SF-12/36), between sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB. After screening, studies that met the inclusion criteria were eventually included and analyzed. Results: A total of 8 studies with 17 390 patients (8693 patients used sacubitril/valsartan, and 8697 patients used ACEI/ARB) were included in this study. Five of these studies used KCCQ, 1 used SF-12/36, 1 used MLHFQ, and 1 used both KCCQ and SF-12/36. The KCCQ overall summary score and its subscales were significantly higher in sacubitril/valsartan compared with ACEI/ARB in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction, but were similar in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Sacubitril/valsartan conferred similar HRQoL scores in MLHFQ and SF-12/36 to ACEI/ARB. The most frequently reported adverse event for sacubitril/valsartan is hypotension and the risk is higher than for ACEI/ARB. Conclusions: Sacubitril/valsartan may have the potential to improve HRQoL in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction compared with ACEI/ARB. Hypotension is the most common adverse event with sacubitril/valsartan compared with ACEI/ARB. The results of this study may contribute to the rational use of sacubitril/valsartan.
Laser in micro and nanoprocessing of diamond materials

Basic processing operations will be presented. These include diamond polishing and shaping, production of conductive pathways, micro‐ and nanostructures on the diamond surface, such as diffractive optical elements. The possibility to laser produce conductive and hollow structures in the diamond bulk, including curved elements, will be demonstrated. Finally, the techniques of laser assisted diamond CVD, that allow production of smooth or selective‐area grown films will be presented
Production of Atomic Displacements by High-Energy Particles

The processes by which atoms in solids are displaced from their normal positions by high-energy neutrons, cyclotron particles, and electrons are discussed. A radiation damage model is presented which involves two basic features: (1) the production of interstitial atoms and vacant lattice sites, and (2) the production of displacement spikes. These two concepts are sufficient to account for most of the observed property changes resulting from atomic displacement by high-energy particles. Some of the experimental results which provide the most direct support for these concepts are presented.
On the large O−rates of convergence in limit theorems for compound random sums of arrays of row-wise independent random variables

Compound random sums are extensions of random sums when the random number of summands is a partial sum of independent and identically distributed positive integer-valued random variables, which assumed independent of summands. In the paper, upper bounds for the large O? rates of convergence in weak limit theorems for compound random sums of arrays of row-wise independent random variables, in term of Trotter distance are studied. The main results are approximation theorems which give the Trotter distance between normalized compound random sums of the given independent random variables and the compound ? decomposable random variables. By these results the converging rates in central limit theorem, weak law of large numbers and stable limit theorem for compound random sums are then established. The obtained results in this paper are closely related to the classical ones.
A Ring Construction Using Finite Directed Graphs

Abstarct In this paper we discuss an interesting class of noncommutative rings which can be constructed using finite directed graphs. This construction also creates a vector space. These structures provide undergraduate students connections between ring theory and graph theory and, among other things, allow them to see a ring unity element that looks quite different from the ones they are accustomed to using.
The computation of color constant descriptors in chromatic images

We propose a method, based on finite-dimensional linear models of reflection and illumination, which allows the transformation of chromatic images into color constant images. This proves to be useful in applications in which either there is no information on the illuminant present in the scene, or when such information is confounded by the existence of inter-reflections between objects. The method proposed in this paper is aimed at computations taking place beyond the sensory level of vision systems, and may use inputs corrected by sensors (for adaptation). In contrast to previous work, we show that good results can be obtained using a 3-receptor system and some knowledge about the spectral properties of natural materials and illuminants. In the method developed, an estimate of the illuminant in the scene is computed, which allow the computation of color constant descriptors of the pixel values in the image. In addition, we show a method of computing an estimate to the actual reflectances of the materials in the scence out of the computed color constant descriptors.
Toward second-moment closure modelling of compressible shear flows

Abstract Compressibility profoundly affects many aspects of turbulence in high-speed flows, most notably stability characteristics, anisotropy, kinetic–potential energy interchange and spectral cascade rate. We develop a unified framework for modelling pressure-related compressibility effects by characterizing the role and action of pressure in different speed regimes. Rapid distortion theory is used to examine the physical connection between the various compressibility effects leading to model form suggestions for pressure–strain correlation, pressure–dilatation and dissipation evolution equations. The closure coefficients are established using fixed-point analysis by requiring consistency between model and DNS asymptotic behaviour in compressible homogeneous shear flow. The closure models are employed to compute high-speed mixing layers and boundary layers. The self-similar mixing-layer profile, increased Reynolds stress anisotropy and diminished mixing-layer growth rates with increasing Mach number are all well captured. High-speed boundary-layer results are also adequately replicated even without the use of advanced thermal-flux models or low-Reynolds-number corrections.
Interactions among Radiation, Convection, and Large-Scale Dynamics in a General Circulation Model

Abstract We have analyzed the effects of radiatively active clouds on the climate simulated by the UCLA/GLA GCM, with particular attention to the effects of the upper tropospheric stratiform clouds associated with deep cumulus convection, and the interactions of these clouds with convection and the large-scale circulation. Several numerical experiments have been performed to investigate the mechanisms through which the clouds influence the large-scale circulation. In the “NODETLQ” experiment, no liquid water or ice was detrained from cumulus clouds into the environment; all of the condensate was rained out. Upper level supersaturation cloudiness was drastically reduced, the atmosphere dried, and tropical outgoing longwave radiation increased. In the “NOANVIL” experiment, the radiative effects of the optically thich upper-level cloud sheets associated with deep cumulus convection were neglected. The land surface received more solar radiation in regions of convection, leading to enhanced surface fluxes and .
Evolution of communication policies at luxury hotels and their influence on guest ratings

ABSTRACT Strategies for responding to online reviews, particularly their evolution over time, represent an important and scarcely analysed topic in hospitality research. To address this gap, we analysed the evolution of response policies over 2010–2018 and their impact on hotels’ online ratings. We analysed 82,025 reviews and 57,164 responses on TripAdvisor for 5-star hotels in the Canary Islands (Spain). The results showed an upward trend in the volume of responses given by hotels, which seem to be increasingly concerned about communication with their guests. Second, based on their level of commitment to their online communications (low, moderate or high), the evidence showed that high and moderately involved hotels had relatively unchanged policies, whereas low-involvement hotels tended to improve their policies. Third, the findings showed some connectivity between communication policy level and affiliation to chains, the geographical span of the chain, guest traveller type and the reviewers’ experience level. However, no significant correlation was found between hotel size and communication policies. Finally, the results indicated that a positive relationship exists between hotel communication policies and the ratings given by reviewers, suggesting that effort put into communication policies is not in vain, and that even low-involvement policies are positively evaluated by guests.
A conceptualisation of computed tomography outputs in entomological research by step by step displaying trough the CT-based visualization of a wood-boring larvae

The non-invasive diagnostic methods represent a new branch of insect diagnostics, which can provide novel information especially about insects with hidden lifestyle. Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most useful non-destructive techniques allowing for both qualitative and quantitative assessments. The aim of the present study was to attain entomological information through the implementation of CT imaging, hence contributing to the spread of non-invasive imaging in entomological research. Through monitoring the development of wood-dwelling cerambycid larvae in beech branches, we point out some outputs applicable in entomological studies, which originate from CT image post-processing. We present findings on the location, and size of specimens of some hidden arthropods, as well as cavities formed by them, stemming from the maximum and minimum intensity projections, windowing, 3D-reconstruction, or virtual endoscopy, as steps of the imaging. In summary, it is expected that our findings contribute to a wider recognition of the entomological information that can be gathered from these non-invasive imaging techniques.
Markov beta and gamma processes for modelling hazard rates

This paper generalizes the discrete time independent increment beta process of Hjort (1990), for modelling discrete failure times, and also generalizes the independent gamma process for modelling piecewise constant hazard rates (Walker and Mallick, 1997). The generalizations are from independent increment to Markov increment prior processes allowing the modelling of smoothness. We derive posterior distributions and undertake a full Bayesian analysis.
A comparative analysis of algorithms for the magnetoencephalography inverse problem

We present a comparison of three methods for the solution of the magnetoencephalography inverse problem. The methods are: an eigenspace projected beamformer, an algorithm implementing multiple signal classification with recursively applied projection and a particle filter for Bayesian tracking. Synthetic data with neurophysiological significance are analyzed by the three methods to recover position and amplitude time course of the active sources.
Mothership vs. drip-and-ship: evaluation of initial treatment strategies for acute ischemic stroke in a well-developed network of specialized hospitals

ABSTRACT Purpose Two strategies of initial patient care exist in endovascular thrombectomy (ET) depending on the site of initial admission: the mothership (MS) and drip-and-ship (DnS) principles. This study compares both strategies in regard to patient outcome in a local network of specialized hospitals. Methods Two-hundred-and-two patients undergoing ET in anterior circulation ischemic stroke between June 2016 and May 2018 were enrolled. Ninety two patients were directly admitted to our local facility (MS), One-hundred-and-ten were secondarily referred to our facility. Group comparisons between admission strategies in three-months modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Maas Score and Alberta-Stroke-Program-Early-computed-tomography-score (ASPECTS), National-Institutes-of-Health-Stroke-Scale (NIHSS), age and onset-to-recanalization-time were performed. Correlation between admission strategy and mRS was calculated. A binary logistic regression model was computed including mRS as dependent variable. Results There were neither significant group differences in three-months mRS between MS and DnS nor significant correlations. Patients tended to achieve a better outcome with DnS. Collateralization status differed between MS and DnS (p = 0.003) with better collateralization in DnS. There were no significant group differences in NIHSS or ASPECTS but in onset-to-recanalization-time (p < 0.001) between MS and DnS. Binary logistic regression showed a high explanation of variance of mRS but no significant results for admission strategy. Conclusions Functional outcome in patients treated with ET is comparable between the MS and DnS principles. Tendentially better outcome in the DnS subgroup may be explained by selection bias due to a higher willingness to apply ET in patients with worse baseline conditions (e.g. worse collateralization), if patients undergoing MS are already on site.
Genetic algorithms for the no-wait flowshop sequencing problem with time restrictions

This article deals with the no-wait flowshop problem with sequence dependent set-ups and ready times solved by an evolutionary approach. The hybrid genetic algorithm presented here addresses a new hierarchically organized complete ternary tree to represent the population that put together with a recombination plan resembles a parallel processing scheme for solving combinatorial optimization problems. Embedded in the hybrid approach, a novel recursive local search scheme, recursive arc insertion (RAI), is also proposed. The effectiveness of the local search phase is crucial given that it is responsible for about 90% of the total processing time of the algorithm. Instances with known optimal solution are used to test the new algorithm and compare it to a previously proposed heuristic approach.
Ancient Schwannoma: Case Report of an Unusual Entity in an Unusual Oral Location

Patient: Male, 21-year-old Final Diagnosis: Ancient schwannoma Symptoms: Facial swelling Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Dentistry • Pathology Objective: Rare disease Background: Schwannoma is an uncommon benign tumor that develops from Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system; 25–50% of such tumors occur in the head and neck. A rare variety of schwannoma, known as an ancient schwannoma, exhibits calcification, cystic degeneration, hemorrhage, myxoid stroma, pleomorphism, and nuclear hyperchromatism. Such characteristics may contribute to this tumor being incorrectly diagnosed as malignant. Almost all reported intra-oral ancient schwannomas behave innocuously. Case Report: A 20-year-old man presented to the oral surgery clinic with a right facial swelling that began a few months before. CT and MRI were performed and showed a well-defined cystic lesion anterior to the right masseter muscle, located in the subcutaneous area and measuring 28×24×20 mm. No extension to the surrounding tissues nor any other similar lesions were seen. Microscopic examination revealed an encapsulated nodular mass with cystic cavities, hemorrhage, and variably distributed myxoid and hyalinized stroma. The tumor demonstrated 2 distinct cell distributions: hypercellular areas (Antoni A) and myxoid hypocellular areas (Antoni B). Focal areas in high-power magnification showed atypical cells with hyperchromatic and pleomorphic nuclei. The tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for S-100 in IHC. The diagnosis of ancient schwannoma was made. At 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of nerve injury or recurrence. Conclusions: One more case of oral ancient schwannoma is added to the literature. This is the first reported in Saudi Arabia. It is prudent to be familiar with the degenerative and cytologic alterations of ancient schwannoma, as this may limit the likelihood of misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment of this benign tumor, with an excellent prognosis.
Quadraxial probe for high resolution near-field scanning rf/microwave microscopy

The authors propose and demonstrate a miniaturized quadraxial probe that employs a differential feed technique for use in near-field rf/microwave transmission microscopy. Their quadraxial probe’s electric field measurements show higher electric field localization than a conventional coaxial (monopole) probe. The improved spatial resolution and more sensitive phase measurement of the quadraxial probe versus coaxial probe are further validated by a metal line scan experiment.