Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of diagnostic effects of infrared imaging, visual inspection, and bitewing radiography in primary occlusal caries of permanent teeth

Background: This study compared the diagnostic efficacy of VistaCam iX infrared camera, visual inspection, and bitewing-radiographs for the detection of primary occlusal caries of permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 80 extracted human premolars were evaluated. The occlusal surfaces of these teeth were demineralized by immersion in a demineralizing agent. Then, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II), bitewing-radiography, and Proxi head of VistaCam iX were used to inspect them. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each diagnostic modality. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Twenty-five at P < 0.05 level of significance with one-way analysis of variance and Games–Howell test. Results: Bitewing-radiography had significantly lower sensitivity than ICDAS II and VistaCam (P < 0.05). ICDAS II was comparable to VistaCam, with no significant difference in sensitivity (P > 0.05). ICDAS II had a significantly higher PPV than bitewing-radiography and VistaCam (P < 0.05). The sensitivity of bitewing radiography was significantly lower than that of ICDAS II and VistaCam (P < 0.05). ICDAS II was comparable to that of VistaCam with no significant differences in sensitivity (P > 0.05). ICDAS II had a considerably higher PPV than bitewing-radiography and VistaCam (P < 0.05). The NPV of ICDAS II visual inspection was significantly higher than that of bitewing-radiography and VistaCam (P < 0.05). The ICDASS II and VistaCam had a repeatability coefficient of 47.4%. For bitewing-radiography and VistaCam, this value was 44.2% and 83.4% for ICDAS II and bitewing-radiography. Conclusion: Visual inspection seems to be superior to bitewing-radiography and VistaCam in detecting primary occlusal caries of permanent teeth.
Back to the Roots: Production Concepts for Advanced Automotive HSLA Steels

recovery and results in improved elongation while strength is increased above the as cold rolled level. This must be caused by precipitation over-compensating the strength loss originating from partial recovery. It appears that a maximum of all acting strengthening effects is achieved by annealing at 550 °C. Preliminary estimations indicate that the precipitation strengthening effect is in
Evaluation of different statistical methods using SAS software: an in silico approach for analysis of real-time PCR data

ABSTRACT Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is reliable quantitative technique in gene expression studies. The statistical analysis of real-time PCR data is quite crucial for results analysis and explanation. The statistical procedures of analyzing real-time PCR data try to determine the slope of regression line and calculate the reaction efficiency. Applications of mathematical functions have been used to calculate the target gene relative to the reference gene(s). Moreover, these statistical techniques compare Ct (threshold cycle) numbers between control and treatments group. There are many different procedures in SAS for real-time PCR data evaluation. In this study, the efficiency of calibrated model and delta delta Ct model have been statistically tested and explained. Several methods were tested to compare control with treatment means of Ct. The methods tested included t-test (parametric test), Wilcoxon test (non-parametric test) and multiple regression. Results showed that applied methods led to similar results and no significant difference was observed between results of gene expression measurement by the relative method.
Heterogeneidad espacial y oferta de hábitats en tres ecosistemas lóticos de la Serranía de La Lindosa, Amazonía colombiana

Entre los años 2019 y 2020 se realizó un estudio de la heterogeneidad espacial y de la oferta de hábitats en los caños El Retiro, La María y Aguabonita, tres ecosistemas lóticos que nacen y transcurren dentro del área protegida Reserva Forestal Protectora Serranía de La Lindosa-Angosturas II en la Amazonía colombiana. La heterogeneidad espacial de cada caño se representó en modelos tridimensionales por medio del programa SURFER con base en datos de geomorfología, fisiografía y batimetría, recogidos en seis puntos de muestreo en campo que abarcaban tanto las cabeceras como los cursos bajos de los tres caños. En estos puntos también se determinó la oferta de hábitats por medio de mediciones de caudal y velocidad de la corriente con ayuda de un micro molinete HYQUEST OSSB1, así mismo se hicieron observaciones en torno a la presencia o ausencia de macrófitas y restos maderables y se midieron las variables fisicoquímicas correspondientes a temperatura, pH, conductividad, oxígeno disuelto y nutrientes por medio de un multiparámetro HQ40 y de un laboratorio portátil AQUAMERK.La heterogeneidad comparada entre puntos de muestreo calculada mediante el índice de Shannon-Wiener, permitió concluir que los tres caños son altamente heterogéneos ya que su estructura espacial responde más a un modelo de ordenamiento en parches que a uno de continuum o de discontinuidades seriales. Los tres caños experimentan cambios pronunciados en su fisiografía a medida que avanzan entre sus cabeceras y sus zonas de desembocadura, esto se debe a que al principio transcurren por los escarpes del complejo rocoso de la serranía y posteriormente bajan al plano inundable del río Guaviare donde los sustratos son de tipo sedimentario. Los caños El Retiro y Aguabonita guardan una gran similaridad entre sí ya que ambos van perdiendo heterogeneidad hacia su curso bajo mientras que El caño La María mantiene la mayor heterogeneidad espacial debido a que muestra una alta variabilidad de hábitats en todo su recorrido. Los impactos antrópicos que afectan en mayor grado la heterogeneidad espacial y la oferta de hábitats se presentan sobre todo en el curso bajo del caño Aguabonita en cuyas márgenes se han deforestado grandes áreas de bosque de galería con el propósito de habilitar infraestructura de predios dedicados a actividades agrícolas y ganaderas.
Fake News: An Analysis from Political Economy

: The issue of fake news has its antecedents in the very logic of capitalism, and has now become a recurrent phenomenon due to the way in which capitalist relations of production are being fetishized through the manipulation of reality. The issue of fake news has become a viral concern in social networks due to the dangers it represents for various social actors. The purpose of this article is to offer an assessment from the perspective of Political Economy, recognizing that the deepest cause of the same is a reflection of the sharpening of the fundamental economic contradiction of this system. The methodological procedure of documentary review was used, from the paradigm of qualitative research; this allowed, through documentary observation, analysis and synthesis, to make valid assessments for decision making in social institutions. As a central conclusion, it identifies that in the face of the problems caused by false news, the proposals for solutions are varied, some of them are focused on media education and others on the role of technology using artificial intelligence to detect this fact and discriminate it, with the limitation that it is not recognized that this fact is inherent to capitalist production relations. Beyond its use in the economic, political and ideological scenario of the term, Fake News is related to extremist opinions, propaganda and manipulation; the intentionality is to deceive the user. They are ways of generating alienation within the framework of capitalist relations of production, representing the interests of big capital, under the content of an unconventional war, based on creating uncertainties, through the misrepresentation of ideas. Politicians and powerful actors such as transnational companies in the digital environment have appropriated the term to mischaracterize media coverage that is not in line with their monopolistic interests, so that the conception with which the indiscriminate use of Fake News is handled, is an expression of the crisis of norms, beliefs and values of mercantile societies, endangering the credibility of individuals, organizations, States and communities.
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption About Body Mass Index (BMI) of Public University Students in Malaysia

The Malaysian Nutrition Research Priorities for the 12th Plan (2021-2025) has identified a critical need for research on the consumption of ultra-processed foods among public university students in Malaysia. Despite this need, there is a lack of empirical research on the relationship between ultra-processed food intake and body mass index (BMI) in this population. To address this gap, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and BMI in public university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 250 respondents aged 18 years and above. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which consisted of three parts: a socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurement, and a 24-hr dietary record. Food and beverage consumption was classified using the NOVA food categorization system (composed of Group 1: Unprocessed or minimally processed foods, Group 2: Processed culinary ingredients, Group 3: Processed foods, and Group 4: Ultra-processed foods), and energy intake was calculated using the Nutritionist Pro software and food guidance books. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. The results showed that the average daily caloric intake was 1821.74 ± 439.03 kcal, with 31% of the total intake being contributed by ultra-processed foods (Group 4). The average energy intake from Group 1 and 2 was 1225.95 ± 414.90 kcal, Group 3 was 33.52 ± 73.83 kcal and Group 4 was 562.27 ± 344.71 kcal. The average BMI was 23.10 (7.38) kg/m2, which falls within the normal category. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between ultra-processed food consumption and BMI (rs=0.16, n=250, p=0.014). This study provides valuable insights into ultra-processed food consumption patterns among Malaysian university students using the NOVA classification system and highlights the importance of reducing such consumption to prevent nutritionally related diseases among public university students in the country.
A High-Reliability 12T SRAM Radiation-Hardened Cell for Aerospace Applications

The static random-access memory (SRAM) cells used in the high radiation environment of aerospace have become highly vulnerable to single-event effects (SEE). Therefore, a 12T SRAM-hardened circuit (RHB-12T cell) for the soft error recovery is proposed using the radiation hardening design (RHBD) concept. To verify the performance of the RHB-12T, the proposed cell is simulated by the 28 nm CMOS process and compared with other hardened cells (Quatro-10T, WE-Quatro-12T, RHM-12T, RHD-12T, and RSP-14T). The simulation results show that the RHB-12T cell can recover not only from single-event upset caused by their sensitive nodes but also from single-event multi-node upset caused by their storage node pairs. The proposed cell exhibits 1.14×/1.23×/1.06× shorter read delay than Quatro-10T/WE-Quatro-12T/RSP-14T and 1.31×/1.11×/1.18×/1.37× shorter write delay than WE-Quatro-12T/RHM-12T/RHD-12T/RSP-14T. It also shows 1.35×/1.11×/1.04× higher read stability than Quatro-10T/RHM-12T/RHD-12T and 1.12×/1.04×/1.09× higher write ability than RHM-12T/RHD-12T/RSP-14T. All these improvements are achieved at the cost of a slightly larger area and power consumption.
Türkiye’nin uluslararası taşımacılık faaliyetlerinin performansının Entropi ve EDAS yöntemleri ile analizi

Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için ithalat ve ihracat faaliyetlerinin dengeli ve verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesi ülke ekonomisine önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle ithalat ve ihracat faaliyetlerinin dengeli ve verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilmesinde uluslararası taşımacılık faaliyetleri oldukça önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı söz konusu önem dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Türkiye’nin 2012-2021 yılları arasındaki ithalat ve ihracat faaliyetlerinin taşıma türleri açısından ağırlık bazında veriler kullanılarak en iyi ve en kötü uluslararası taşımacılık performans sağlanan yıllar Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Tekniklerinden Entropi ve EDAS Yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan Entropi analizi sonucunda; Türkiye’nin uluslararası taşımacılık faaliyetlerinin performansı üzerinde en fazla öneme sahip kriter HVYL2 (0,4112) olarak belirlenirken en az öneme sahip kriter ise DNZYL1 (0,0001) olarak tespit edilmiştir. EDAS Analizi sonucunda ise; 10 yıllık zaman periyodunda, Türkiye’nin uluslararası taşımacılık faaliyetlerinin performansının en başarılı yılı 2015 iken, en başarısız yılının 2020 olduğu analiz sonucunda elde edilmiştir.
COMPARATIVE PROTEIN PROFILE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXTRACTED WHOLE CELL BACTERIAL PROTEIN DERIVED FROM SALMONELLA TYPHI AND INVASIVE NON-TYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA

Typhoid fever is an endemic disease that has been acknowledged as a major global health burden. Typhoid fever is a neglected re-emerging infectious disease that is transmitted through fecal oral route. Nevertheless, non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreak has been increasing globally with large number of cases involving immunocompromised individuals. The clinical diagnosis of typhoid is difficult due to the overlapping symptoms of typhoid fever, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and other associated febrile diseases, which causes to delayed treatment. Herein, this study aims to provide a reproducible, discriminative protein fingerprint of two different Salmonella serovars using a differential extraction procedure comprising of whole cell protein (WCP), cell surface protein (CSP) and surface-depleted whole cell protein (sdWCP) derived from whole cell bacterial protein of Salmonella Typhi (S.Typhi) and Salmonella spp (S.spp). In the present research, we perform comparative analysis to characterize protein profiles of two differentially extracted Salmonella serovars by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and dendrogram analysis. The findings showed that the proteins were reproducible in optimized concentration. Separation of protein into three different extractions revealed discriminative protein profiles with major and micro-heterogenicity. We observed the diverseness of differentially extracted proteins between two strains which provided an effective adjunct that can be used in identification of Salmonella strains. The results achieved when differential extraction procedure was applied, provides a promising, future opportunity for further immunoproteomic classifications.
Wideband long wave infrared metamaterial absorbers based on silicon nitride

In this paper, we present silicon nitride metamaterial absorber designs that accomplish large bandwidth and high absorption in the long wave infrared (LWIR) region. These designs are based on the metal-insulator-metal topology, insulator (silicon nitride), and the top metal (aluminum) layers are optimized to obtain high absorptance values in large bandwidths, for three different silicon nitride based absorber structures. The absorption spectrum of the final design reaches absorptance values above 90% in the wavelength interval between 8.07 μm and 11.97 μm, and above 80% in the wavelength interval between 7.9 μm and 14 μm, in the case of normal incidence. The difficulty in the design process of such absorbers stems from the highly dispersive behavior of silicon nitride in the LWIR region. On the other hand, silicon nitride is a widely used material in microbolometers, and accomplishing wide band absorption in silicon nitride is crucial in this regard. Therefore, this study will pave the way for more effici.
Efficient Kernel Methods for Statistical Detection

This research is motivated by a drug discovery problem – the AIDS anti-viral database from the National Cancer Institute. The objective of the study is to develop effective statistical methods to model the relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its activity against the HIV-1 virus. And as a result, the structure-activity model can be used to predict the activity of new compounds and thus helps identify those active chemical compounds that can be used as drug candidates. Since active compounds are generally rare in a compound library, we recognize the drug discovery problem as an application of the socalled statistical detection problem. In a typical statistical detection problem, we have data {yi,xi}i=1, where xi is the predictor vector of the ith observation and yi ∈ {0, 1} is its class label. The objective of a statistical detection problem is to identify class-1 observations, which are extremely rare. Besides drug discovery problem, other applications of statistical detection include direct marketing and fraud detection. We propose a computationally efficient detection method called LAGO, which stands for ”locally adjusted GO estimator”. The original idea is inspired by an ancient game known today as ”GO”. The construction of LAGO consists of two steps. In the first step, we estimate the density of class 1 with an adaptive bandwidth kernel density estimator. The kernel functions are located at and only at the class-1 observations. The bandwidth of the kernel function centered at a certain class-1 observation is calculated as the average distance between this class-1 observation and itsK-nearest class-0 neighbors. In the second step, we adjust the density estimated in the first step locally according to the density of class 0. It can be shown that the amount of adjustment in the second step is approximately inversely proportional to the bandwidth calculated in the first step. Application to the NCI data demonstrates that LAGO is superior to methods such as K nearest neighbors and support vector machines. One drawback of the existing LAGO is that it only provides a point estimate of a test point’s possibility of being class 1, ignoring the uncertainty of the model. In the iii second part of this thesis, we present a Bayesian framework for LAGO, referred to as BLAGO. This Bayesian approach enables quantification of uncertainty. Non-informative priors are adopted. The posterior distribution is calculated over a grid of (K,α) pairs by integrating out β0, β1 using the Laplace approximation, where K and α are two parameters to construct the LAGO score. The parameters β0, β1 are the coefficients of the logistic transformation that converts the LAGO score to the probability scale. BLAGO provides proper probabilistic predictions that have support on (0,1) and captures uncertainty of the predictions as well. By avoiding Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms and using the Laplace approximation, BLAGO is computationally very efficient. Without the need of cross-validation, BLAGO is even more computationally efficient than LAGO.
Study of the Shock Wave–Turbulent Boundary Layer Interaction Using a 3D von Kármán Length Scale

Abstract Traditional turbulence models are initially formulated and calibrated under incompressible conditions. Thus, these models are always of low fidelity when extended to high speed, complex and compressible flows. In this work, a compressible von Kármán length scale is proposed for compressible flows considering the variable densities. The length scale is the ratio between the new vorticity and its gradient. The new length scale is actually based on phenomenological theory, which is then integrated into the KDO (turbulence Kinetic energy Dependent Only) turbulence model, arriving at a compressible model called CKDO (Compressible KDO). In the CKDO turbulence model, all the extra terms produced by compressibility are modeled as dissipation. Compression corners of 8, 16, 20 and 24 angles are studied within SST, SA, KDO and CKDO. These test cases are known as the typical shock wave–boundary layer interactions. The results show that the new length scale in CKDO is able to well capture the surface pressure and skin friction distributions. Besides, compared with the standard von Kármán length scale, the new length scale in CKDO can better capture the size and position of the separation bubble. With the increase of the corner angle, CKDO shows more prominent potential for describing compressible flows.
Peer Mentoring: A Case Study in Developing Legislative Advocacy Skills among Social Work Students

Peer mentoring in social work education can be beneficial in developing and promoting legislative advocacy skills among social work students taking foundational social welfare policy courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. A descriptive case study is presented of a student peer mentoring project within a social work educational program at a regional comprehensive state university. This study describes the incorporation of a peer mentoring program to assist in promoting legislative advocacy skills among social work students. The project encompasses annual state-level high-impact practice (HIP) legislative advocacy action events across 5 years before and during the global pandemic. This article also seeks to inspire social work educators to embrace peer mentoring as a means to enhance and promote the development of advocacy skills as students find their collective voice and speak up to educate lawmakers on contemporary social problems impacting vulnerable populations.
Attitude Control of Rigid Body with Inertia Uncertainty and Saturation Input

In this paper, the attitude control problem of rigid body is addressed with considering inertia uncertainty, bounded time-varying disturbances, angular velocity-free measurement, and unknown non-symmetric saturation input. Using a mathematical transformation, the effects of bounded time-varying disturbances, uncertain inertia, and saturation input are combined as total disturbances. A novel finite-time observer is designed to estimate the unknown angular velocity and the total disturbances. For attitude control, an observer-based sliding-mode control protocol is proposed to force the system state convergence to the desired sliding-mode surface; the finite-time stability is guaranteed via Lyapunov theory analysis. Finally, a numerical simulation is presented to illustrate the effective performance of the proposed sliding-mode control protocol.
Guidelines for endobronchial ultrasound-transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA): Joint Indian Chest Society (ICS)/Indian Association for Bronchology (IAB) recommendations

Over the past decade, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has become an indispensable tool in the diagnostic armamentarium of the pulmonologist. As the expertise with EBUS-TBNA has evolved and several innovations have occurred, the indications for its use have expanded. However, several aspects of EBUS-TBNA are still not standardized. Hence, evidence-based guidelines are needed to optimize the diagnostic yield and safety of EBUS-TBNA. For this purpose, a working group of experts from India was constituted. A detailed and systematic search was performed to extract relevant literature pertaining to various aspects of EBUS-TBNA. The modified GRADE system was used for evaluating the level of evidence and assigning the strength of recommendations. The final recommendations were framed with the consensus of the working group after several rounds of online discussions and a two-day in-person meeting. These guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations encompassing indications of EBUS-TBNA, pre-procedure evaluation, sedation and anesthesia, technical and procedural aspects, sample processing, EBUS-TBNA in special situations, and training for EBUS-TBNA.