Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The native South American crayfishes (Crustacea, Parastacidae): state of knowledge and conservation status

South America is considered a world biodiversity hotspot, especially for freshwater ecosystems where there is significant biodiversity and endemism across different taxonomic groups. Native South American crayfishes are characterized by small range distributions, high levels of endemism and specific habitat requirements. Although this group may be considered one of the most threatened among South American freshwater crustaceans, IUCN Red List assessments for most of these species are ‘data deficient’. IUCN assessments are technical evaluations of species risk of extinction based on biological indicators of population features, thereby providing a ‘conservation status’ for each species based on common and international standards. Attempts to assess the conservation status of native South American crayfishes have been limited mainly owing to a lack of fundamental data and also misinterpretations of present information. Thus, a revision of the state of knowledge of native South American crayfishes (taxonomy, phylogeny and distribution, genetics, ecology and threats) was carried out coupled with IUCN assessments of conservation status. Globally, the lack of information on the biology of these species is still the major obstacle to making reliable conservation status assessments. For this reason, the Data Deficient (DD) category is still appropriate for many species. However, based on the Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and severely fragmented populations, number of locations and decline in area, extent or quality of habitat, it is recommended that some species (especially Virilastacus spp.) should be moved to threatened categories (VU, EN or CR). The data suggest that others are appropriately in the Near Threatened (NT) category, because they almost reach the thresholds for threatened categories. The assessment of conservation status is essential to support future conservation actions, especially for species allocated to threatened categories. This study has identified new species under threat and also areas for future study to provide relevant data for conservation assessment for ‘data deficient’ species. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in occupancy, niche breadth and abundance of three Gyrinus species as their respective range limits are approached

Three widely distributed Gyrinus species were studied in seven different habitat types over a wide range of latitudes in northern Europe. All three species have a broad habitat range and are opportunistic exploiters of temporary and fluctuating habitats. The distribution range of the two southern species, G. natator and G. substriatus, overlaps with that of the boreal-subarctic G. opacus in south-central Sweden, creating an inland area of sympatry, where all three species coexisted in 10% of the waters sampled. For the two southern species occupancy increased with distance from their respective range limits. The occupancy level of G. opacus in its southernmost inland zone was higher than those of the other two species in their respective northernmost zones. Levels of maximum occupancy were similar for all species. Patterns of habitat occupancy partly differed within and between species. Although temporary pools, which represented the most unpredictable habitat, were highly frequented in the south by G. substriatus, occupancy levels associated with them declined sharply before reaching the northern range limit. The niche breadth of the two southern species increased as the distance from their respective northern range limits increased and was broadest for G. substriatus in southern Sweden, north of its geographical range centre (southern Poland), where pollution has no doubt severely affected the original distribution. The habitat range of G. opacus did not change as its southern range limit was approached, but fewer habitat types appeared to be used in the very far north. Abundance of all three species in temporary pools increased with distance from their respective range limits, and there was a regional correlation between occupancy and abundance for G. substriatus and G. natator in this habitat.
The effect of age of introducing whole sorghum grain on performance of broiler chickens

Inclusion of whole grain in poultry feeds has been practised for many years. This feeding method is based on the hypothesis that whole grains could improve bird health and gizzard function (Gabriel et al., 2006; Biggs and Parsons, 2009). Interest in increasing the size and activity of the gizzard through feeding the whole grain has developed from research reports that showed improved morphology of the intestinal tract (Taylor and Jones, 2004), which in turn enhances nutrient digestibility and utilization (Hetland et al., 2003). As a result, this practice is currently receiving renewed attention all over the world. For many researchers, the age of animal in which whole grains can be firstly introduced into the feeding programme is the point of concern. The main problem with introducing whole grains to newly hatched chicks is the kernel size (Biggs and Parson, 2009) therefore it is suggested to use it by at least 5 day of age and up to 11–14 day of age (Plavnik et al., 2002; Hetland et al., 2003; Svihus et al., 2004). However, in some studies the whole grain was offered from the moment of hatch (Wu and Ravindran, 2004; Wu et al., 2004; Singh, 2013; Mabelebele et al., 2018) whilst in others the introduction was delayed to as late as 24 day of age (Uddin et al., 1996; Svihus et al., 2004). ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of age of whole sorghum grain introduction on productivity of male broiler chickens. In total, 324 one-day-old broiler chickens were assigned in a completely randomized design to 3 treatments (age of introduction of whole sorghum grain: 0, 11 and 25 days) with 9 replicates in each. Animals were offered 50% prepelleted whole sorghum at different growing ages. Body weight and feed intake were measured on a pen basis at 10, 25 and 35 day of age, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Birds introduced to whole sorghum grain feeding from day 0 and from 25 day of age, at 35 day of age were heavier and had better FCR (P < 0.05) than those to which whole grain was introduced from day 11. The relative visceral organ weights, meat parts yield, meat colour and pH were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the age of introduction of whole sorghum. The digestibility of gross energy, crude protein and starch were also not affected (P < 0.05). The age of introduction influenced certain performance parameters in broiler chickens. So, early feeding whole grain (at post-hatch) marginally improved body weight and FCR in broiler chickens. Received: 10 February 2020 Revised: 15 April 2020 Accepted: 10 June 2020
Sarcasm detection from user-generated noisy short text

Sentiment analysis of social media comments is very important for review analysis. Many online reviews are sarcastic, humorous, or hateful. This sarcastic nature of these short texts change the actual sentiments of the review as predicted by a machine learning model that attempts to detect sentiment alone. Thus, having a model that is explicitly aware of these features should help it perform better on reviews that are characterized by them. Several research has already been done in this field. This paper deals with sarcasm detection on reddit comments. Several machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been applied for the same but each of these models only take into account the initial text instead of the conversation which serves as a better measure to determine sarcasm. The other shortcoming these papers have is they rely on word embedding for representing comments and thus do not take into account the problem of polysemy(A word can have multiple meanings based on the context in which it appears). These existing modules were able to solve the problem of capturing inter sentence contextual information but not the intra sentence contextual information. So we propose a novel architecture which solves the problem of sarcasm detection by capturing intra sentence contextual information using a novel contextual attention mechanism. The proposed model solves the problem of polysemy also by using context enriched language modules like ELMO and BERT in its first component. This model comprises a total of three major components which takes into account inter sentence, intra sentence contextual information and at last use a convolutional neural network for capturing global contextual information for sarcasm detection. The proposed model was able to generate decent results and cleared showed potential to perform state of the art if trained on a larger dataset.
Compressing LSTM Networks by Matrix Product Operators

Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models are the building blocks of many state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) and speech enhancement (SE) algorithms. However, there are a large number of parameters in an LSTM model. This usually consumes a large number of resources to train the LSTM model. Also, LSTM models suﬀer from computational ineﬃciency in the inference phase. Existing model compression methods (e.g., model pruning) can only discriminate based on the magnitude of model parameters, ignoring the issue of importance distribution based on the model information. Here we introduce the MPO decomposition, which describes the local correlation of quantum states in quantum many-body physics and is used to represent the large model parameter matrix in a neural network, which can compress the neural network by truncating the unimportant information in the weight matrix. In this paper, we propose a matrix product operator (MPO) based neural network architecture to replace the LSTM model. The eﬀective representation of neural networks by MPO can eﬀectively reduce the computational consumption of training LSTM models on the one hand, and speed up the computation in the inference phase of the model on the other hand. We compare the MPO-LSTM model-based compression model with the traditional LSTM model with pruning methods on sequence classiﬁcation, sequence prediction, and speech enhancement tasks in our experiments. The experimental results show that our proposed neural network architecture based on the MPO approach signiﬁcantly outperforms the pruning approach. on sequence classiﬁcation, sequence prediction, and speech enhancement tasks. Next, we compare the results of the MPO-LSTM model with those of the compressed LSTM model using the pruning method with the same number of The experimental results show our
A Comment on “Urbanism and Crime”

L'A. examine de facon critique l'article de H. M. Alshuwaikhat et S. B. Garba : «Urbanism and crime: A Cross-national/cross-cultural study» publie en 1997. Il rappelle que ceux-ci ont propose une analyse de l'influence de la vie urbaine sur la criminalite. Il presente un certain nombre de donnees collectees dans sept pays. Il etudie le lien entre densite de population et nombre des homicides et des suicides.
Reassessment of the phylogenetic relationships of the late Miocene apes Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus based on vestibular morphology

Significance Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships of extinct apes is challenging due to their fragmentary fossil record and the recurrent independent evolution of morphological features. Given the relevance of the phylogenetic signal of the bony labyrinth, here we assess the phylogenetic affinities of the late Miocene great apes Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus by studying their inner ear morphology. Our results are consistent with the distinct generic status of these dryopiths, which further differ from the derived condition of orangutans and most closely resemble African apes. However, the latter appear largely primitive (similar to the last common ancestor of great apes and humans). Hence, our results do not conclusively favor a closer relationship with African apes as opposed to great apes as a whole. Late Miocene great apes are key to reconstructing the ancestral morphotype from which earliest hominins evolved. Despite consensus that the late Miocene dryopith great apes Hispanopithecus laietanus (Spain) and Rudapithecus hungaricus (Hungary) are closely related (Hominidae), ongoing debate on their phylogenetic relationships with extant apes (stem hominids, hominines, or pongines) complicates our understanding of great ape and human evolution. To clarify this question, we rely on the morphology of the inner ear semicircular canals, which has been shown to be phylogenetically informative. Based on microcomputed tomography scans, we describe the vestibular morphology of Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus, and compare them with extant hominoids using landmark-free deformation-based three-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses. We also provide critical evidence about the evolutionary patterns of the vestibular apparatus in living and fossil hominoids under different phylogenetic assumptions for dryopiths. Our results are consistent with the distinction of Rudapithecus and Hispanopithecus at the genus rank, and further support their allocation to the Hominidae based on their derived semicircular canal volumetric proportions. Compared with extant hominids, the vestibular morphology of Hispanopithecus and Rudapithecus most closely resembles that of African apes, and differs from the derived condition of orangutans. However, the vestibular morphologies reconstructed for the last common ancestors of dryopiths, crown hominines, and crown hominids are very similar, indicating that hominines are plesiomorphic in this regard. Therefore, our results do not conclusively favor a hominine or stem hominid status for the investigated dryopiths.
Role of plasma exchange for autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy: A case report

patient. South Med J. 2001;94:1021–2. 9. Faur D, García-Méndez I, Martín-Alemany N, Vallés-Prats M. Peritonitis monobacteriana por Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron en paciente en diálisis peritoneal. Nefrologia. 2012;32:679–700. 10. Chao CM, Liu WL, Lai CC. Peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Perit Dial Int. 2013;33: 711–2. 11. Smans LCCJ, Souverein PC, Leufkens HGM, Hoepelman AIM, Zelissen PMJ. Increased use of antimicrobial agents and hospital admission for infections in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency: a cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;168: 609–14. 12. Cobo F, Foronda C, Pérez-Carrasco V, Martin-Hita L, GarcíaSalcedo JA, Navarro-Marí JM. First description of abdominal infection due to Alistipes ondedonkii. Anaerobe. 2000;66: 102283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe. 2020.102283. 13. Diskin CJ. Lessons from single cell organisms: insights into the antimicrobial and toxic effects of peritoneal dialysis bases. Ther Apher Dial. 2009;14:127–35. 14. Yacoub R, Nugent M, Casi W, Nadkarni GN, Chaves LD, Abyad S, et al. Advanced glycation end products dietary restriction effects on bacterial gut microbiota in peritoneal dialysis patients; a randomized open label controlled trial. PLoS One. 2017;12(9):e0184789. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0184789.
Increasing Organ Donor Registrations with Behavioral Interventions: A Field Experiment

Although prior research has advanced our understanding of the drivers of organ donation attitudes and intentions, little is known about how to increase actual registrations within explicit consent systems. Some empirical evidence suggests that costly, labor-intensive educational programs and mass-media campaigns might increase registrations; however, they are neither scalable nor economical solutions. To address these limitations, the authors conducted a field experiment (N = 3,330) in Ontario, Canada, testing the effectiveness of behaviorally informed promotion interventions as well as process improvements. They find that intercepting customers with materials targeting information and altruistic motives at the right time, along with streamlining customer service, significantly increased registrations. Specifically, the best-performing intervention, prompting perspective taking through reciprocal altruism (“If you needed a transplant would you have one? ”), significantly increased new registration rates from 4.1% in the control condition to 7.4%. The authors followed up with seven posttests (total N = 3,376) to find support for their theoretical predictions and to explore the mechanisms through which the interventions may have operated. This article provides evidence for low-cost, scalable marketing solutions that increase organ donor registrations in a prompted choice context and has important implications for public policy and societal welfare.
The Chemokine CX3CL1 Improves Trastuzumab Efficacy in HER2 Low–Expressing Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

CX3CL1 is demonstrated to modulate NK-cell recruitment into the tumor microenvironment of HER2+ cancer, increase NK-cell cytotoxicity against HER2+ targets, and synergize with trastuzumab therapy. The data highlight CX3CL1 as a potential target molecule to enable anti-HER2 treatment. A crucial mode of action of trastuzumab is the labeling of HER2-positive (HER2+) tumor cells for the eradication by natural killer (NK) cells, a process called antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). However, despite widespread HER2 expression among cancer entities, only a fraction, with robust HER2 overexpression, benefits from trastuzumab therapy. ADCC requires both sufficient lymphocytic infiltration and close binding of the immune cells to the antibody-tagged tumor cells. We hypothesized that the chemokine CX3CL1 could improve both processes, as it is synthesized as a membrane-bound, adhesive form that is eventually cleaved into a soluble, chemotactic protein. Here, we show that CX3CL1 overexpression is a positive prognostic marker in breast cancer. CX3CL1 overexpression attracted tumor-suppressive lymphocytes, including NK cells, and inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in the syngeneic 4T1 breast cancer mouse model. In HER2+ SKBR3, MDA-MB-453, and HT-29 tumor cells, CX3CL1 overexpression increased NK cell–mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and acted synergistically with trastuzumab. Even though CX3CL1 did not further improve trastuzumab efficacy in vivo in the trastuzumab-sensitive MDA-MB-453 model, it compensated for NK-cell depletion and prolonged survival. In the HER2 low–expressing HT-29 model, however, CX3CL1 overexpression not only prolonged survival time but also overcame trastuzumab resistance in a partly NK cell–dependent manner. Taken together, these findings identify CX3CL1 as a feasible pharmacologic target to enable trastuzumab therapy in HER2 low–expressing cancers and render it a potential predictive biomarker to determine therapy responders.
Container: Context Aggregation Network

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are ubiquitous in computer vision, with a myriad of effective and efficient variations. Recently, Transformers -- originally introduced in natural language processing -- have been increasingly adopted in computer vision. While early adopters continue to employ CNN backbones, the latest networks are end-to-end CNN-free Transformer solutions. A recent surprising finding shows that a simple MLP based solution without any traditional convolutional or Transformer components can produce effective visual representations. While CNNs, Transformers and MLP-Mixers may be considered as completely disparate architectures, we provide a unified view showing that they are in fact special cases of a more general method to aggregate spatial context in a neural network stack. We present the \model (CONText AggregatIon NEtwoRk), a general-purpose building block for multi-head context aggregation that can exploit long-range interactions \emph{a la} Transformers while still exploiting the inductive bias of the local convolution operation leading to faster convergence speeds, often seen in CNNs. In contrast to Transformer-based methods that do not scale well to downstream tasks that rely on larger input image resolutions, our efficient network, named \modellight, can be employed in object detection and instance segmentation networks such as DETR, RetinaNet and Mask-RCNN to obtain an impressive detection mAP of 38.9, 43.8, 45.1 and mask mAP of 41.3, providing large improvements of 6.6, 7.3, 6.9 and 6.6 pts respectively, compared to a ResNet-50 backbone with a comparable compute and parameter size. Our method also achieves promising results on self-supervised learning compared to DeiT on the DINO framework. Code is released at \url{https://github.com/allenai/container}.
RESEARCH ON MIDDLE SCHOOL RENEWAL: The Impact of Teaming: Five Research-Based Outcomes

A great deal has been written over the past ten years about interdisciplinary teaming in the middle grades. Much of the information has been focused on creating small communities for learning within a school, how to implement teaming, how to orga nize team meetings, and how to allocate responsi bility among members. Less has been reported regarding the effects of teaming on teacher and student outcomes. Many schools that have interdisciplinary teams are now being asked by parents, school boards, and district personnel if teaming is "working," and whether it is worth additional costs. For many schools, the question of whether teaming is "working" becomes more serious if they are facing cutbacks in teaching staff or changes in the school schedule that might eliminate team planning time. Many educators report anecdotal evidence of the benefits of teams. That is, it is easy to feel and observe the impact of teaming if you are in the school and experience the changes firsthand. It is also easy to explain the positive effects of teaming with statements like "teachers are much happier and not as overloaded," or "we have been able to do several great integrated units this year that the kids have loved. " It is harder for people outside of the school to see the impact of teams without the direct experience, and they often want positive outcomes that can be measured. Below are five research-based outcomes of interdisciplinary teaming. These outcomes are intended to illustrate the positive impact of teaming with data from schools of varying sizes, grade configurations, student populations, and geographic locations (i.e., urban, rural, and suburban) that have implemented teaming. The data were collected from a group of 155 middle schools in Michigan that are part of the Middle Start Initiative funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. These schools participated in the School Improvement Self-Study, a set of surveys completed by staff, stu dents, and administrators, during 1994-95 and again in 1996-97 (Mertens, Flowers, and Mulhall, 1998). The Self-Study, conducted by the Center for Prevention Research and Development at the University of Illinois, is a data collection system that is intended to be used by schools in con junction with their existing school improvement plans. The Self-Study provides schools with quantitative data to document and track the changes in their schools. It also provides schools with a way to establish dialogue about school improvement, set ting priorities, determining goals, and most importantly, assessing and measuring the outcomes of new programs and practices. The five empirically-based findings follow.