Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Along the Perivascular Space Index in Different Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the glymphatic system activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using the diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) methods. Methods: In total, 71 patients with idiopathic PD and 36 age- and sex-matched normal controls (NCs) were involved. Patients with PD were divided into early (n = 35) and late (n = 36) subgroups, based on Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages. We calculated the diffusivity along the perivascular spaces (ALPS), as well as projection fibers and association fibers separately, to acquire the ALPS index. Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and periventricular white matter hyperintensities were also rated. Differences in ALPS index between the PD group and NCs and between two PD subgroups and NCs were compared. In addition, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between ALPS index and clinical variables. Results: Patients with PD revealed lower ALPS index than NCs (p = 0.010). The late PD group exhibited significantly lower ALPS index than NCs (p = 0.006). However, there were no marked differences noticed in ALPS index between NCs and early PD group and between the two PD subgroups. In the early PD group, there was a significantly positive correlation between ALPS index and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (β = 0.021, p = 0.029) and a negative correlation between ALPS index and EPVS score (β = −0.050, p = 0.034), after controlling for multiple variables. In the late PD group, ALPS index was inversely associated with age (β = −0.012, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Impairment of the glymphatic system is involved in PD. DTI-ALPS index could be a promising biomarker of glymphatic system in PD.
Peruvian Fur Seals as Archivists of El Niño Southern Oscillation Effects

Peru’s coastal waters are characterized by significant environmental fluctuation due to periodic El Niño- La Niña- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This variability results in ecosystem-wide food web changes which are reflected in the tissues of the Peruvian fur seal (Arctocephalus australis). Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in Peruvian fur seal vibrissae (whiskers) are used to infer temporal primary production and dietary variations in individuals. Sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) recordings from the Niño 1+2 Index region captured corresponding ENSO conditions. Fluctuations in δ15N values were correlated to SSTA records, indicating that ENSO conditions likely impact the diet of these apex predators over time. Anomalous warm phase temperatures corresponded to decreased δ15N values, whereas cold phase anomalous conditions corresponded to increased δ15N values, potentially from upwelled, nutrient-rich water. Vibrissae δ13C values revealed general stability from 2004 to 2012, a moderate decline during 2013 (La Niña conditions) followed by a period of increased values concurrent with the 2014–2016 El Niño event. Both δ13C and δ15N values were inversely correlated to each other during the strongest El Niño Southern Oscillation event on record (2014–2016), possibly indicating a decline in production leading to an increase in food web complexity. Lower δ13C and δ15N values were exhibited in female compared to male fur seal vibrissae. Findings suggest ENSO conditions influence resource availability, possibly eliciting changes in pinniped foraging behavior as well as food web of the endangered Peruvian fur seal.
A novel method for vector control of three-phase induction motor under open-phase fault

The majority of electrical machines such as induction motors can be modeled by an equivalent two-phase machine model (d-q model). A three-phase induction motor with one of the stator phases opened (faulty three-phase induction motor) can be also modeled by an equivalent two-phase machine. If a conventional vector control method for balanced three-phase induction motors is used for this faulty machine, significant oscillations in speed and torque will result. In this paper, a novel technique for vector control of faulty three-phase induction motors based on rotor-field oriented control (RFOC) is presented. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using MATLAB software. The results show that it achieves significant improvements in the oscillation reduction of the speed and torque responses.
Adapt: Why Success Always Starts with Failure

Everything we know about solving the world's problems is wrong. Out: Plans, experts and above all, leaders. In: Adapting - improvise rather than plan; fail, learn, and try again In this groundbreaking new book, Tim Harford shows how the world's most complex and important problems - including terrorism, climate change, poverty, innovation, and the financial crisis - can only be solved from the bottom up by rapid experimenting and adapting. From a spaceport in the Mojave Desert to the street battles of Iraq, from a blazing offshore drilling rig to everyday decisions in our business and personal lives, this is a handbook for surviving - and prospering - in our complex and ever-shifting world.
Plug-In HEV Roadmap to Hydrogen Economy

Regenerative fuel cells (RFCs) as small as 1 kW can be useful on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) when used to extend the range of the PHEV’s battery pack. Eight hours of charging with a 1 kW RFC can double the range of a 4 kWh battery pack and would cost less than the alternative of placing an addition 4 kWh battery pack on the vehicle. Application of this approach on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) is an entry position for fuel cells in the automobile market. From this entry position and the assumption of lower future fuel cell prices, an evolutionary path exists for fuel cells to decrease the price of vehicles, reduce reliance on petroleum fuels, and ultimately fully displace the use of petroleum fuels in automobiles.
The suspended-gate MOSFET (SG-MOSFET): a modeling outlook for the design of RF MEMS switches and tunable capacitors

This paper reports on the modeling and key design aspects of an innovative MEMS device: the suspended-gate MOSFET (SG-MOSFET). Based on the coupled-electromechanical equations describing the suspended gate actuation, we present the investigation of the pull-in voltages and of the capacitance switching and tuning ranges for RF applications. A quasi-analytical model is developed for the gate-to-substrate capacitance of the SG-MOSFET and then, validated by numerical simulation. A SPICE macromodel using a polynomial voltage-controlled source is validated for the DC simulation of the SG-MOSFET. Guide lines for the low-voltage design of an SG-MOSFET RF switch are detailed.
Drug Repurposing for Tooth Regeneration: The Promising Premises

Drug repurposing which identifies new therapeutic use(s) for drugs currently in use is a brand-new avenue of research interest worldwide. It circumvents the high-end monetary and time investment usually associated with contemporary drug discoveries. In the field of dentistry, recent studies in drug repurposing focuses in attaining dentin repair or reduction of bone resorption associated with apical periodontitis. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug has shown pro-osteogenic properties. Aspirin a known anti-inflammatory agent with anticoagulant action is found to modulate the differentiation of dental pulp cells. The significant role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in activating the Wnt/-beta cat signaling pathway of mesenchymal pulp stem cells may pave the way to the pharmacological treatment of dental caries in near future. It is to be noted here that further preclinical and clinical studies are warranted for the regular therapeutic use of these potential drugs in clinical dentistry.
Tackling Poverty in a Changing Climate: Bridging Concepts and Practice for Low Carbon Climate Resilient Development

The Learning Hub is a transformative way of learning and sharing, bridging academic knowledge with invaluable insights from frontline practical experience. The Hub’s second learning cycle focused on perhaps the overarching challenge at the heart of climate change and development. How do we ensure that we tackle poverty and its root causes in ways that are adaptive and low-carbon? The two main ways that were used to explore this question were a) the framing paper and b) the learning event, held in Addis Ababa in March 2011. The purpose of this paper is to bridge the thinking and learning that came out of the framing paper and the debates sparked by it at the learning event.
Key Frame Detection of Videos Using DCT and LSH

This paper focuses on the problem of detecting key frames of a video. For simplicity, we consider only gray-scale videos, which can be represented by 2D matrices. We approach this problem as a locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) problem for matrices. For this end, we deﬁne a metric for matrices using discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the Frobenius norm. We prove the proposed metric is indeed permissible and demonstrate its effects with experiments. We then develop an algorithm based LSH scheme and this metric and lay out further experimental results
VISUAL DISCRIMINATION WITH UNKNOWN STIMULUS ONSET Sequential Reasoning with a Nonstationary Probabilistic Model

5.1 Motivation An organism’s survival is critically dependent on its ability to detect change (e.g. the sound/sight of something moving in the distance), and classify its nature (e.g. a predator, prey, or meaningless clutter). In ecological conditions, change detection and object classification frequently co-occur: approaching animals need to be detected and classified as friend or foe. Despite the ecological significance of considering detection and classification jointly, the two tasks are typically studied in isolation. Consequently, it remains unknown how humans jointly perform classification and detection, and whether and how humans trade off speed and accuracy.
Conserved B-cell epitope identification of envelope glycoprotein (GP120) HIV-1 to develop multi-strain vaccine candidate through bioinformatics approach

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been identified from US patients since 1981. AIDS is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which is a retrovirus. HIV-1 gp120 can be recognized by the immune system because it is located outside the virion. The conserved region is identified in gp120, and it is recognized by an immune cell which then initiates specific immune responses, viral mutation escape, and increase vaccine protection coverage, a benefit derived from the conserved region-based vaccine design. However, previous researchers have little knowledge on this conserved region as a target for vaccine design. This paper explains how the conserved region of gp120 HIV-1 is a major target for vaccine design through a bioinformatics approach. The conserved region from gp120 was explored as a vaccine design target with a bioinformatics tool that consists of B-cell epitope mapping, vaccine properties, molecular docking, and dynamic simulation. The peptide vaccine candidate of B5 with the gp120 HIV-1 conserved region was found to provoke B-cell activation through a direct pathway, produce specific antibody, and increase protection from multi-strain viral infection.
Strateji Odaklılık Ve Firma Stratejilerinin Firma Performansına Etkisinin Analizi

Kuresel rekabet sartlarinda firmalar, mevcut durumlarini dogru anlamak, gelistirmek ve yerinde stratejik kararlar alabilmek icin performanslarini degerlendirmek ve performanslarina etki eden faktorleri analiz etmek ihtiyacindadirlar. Bu calismada, kucuk ve orta olcekteki isletmelerin performanslarina etki eden faktorlerin analizi yapilmistir. Bu amacla bir anket gelistirilmistir. Arastirma icin veriler 76 imalat firmasindan elde edilmistir. Onerilen arastirma modeli ve hipotezler SPSS 15.0 yazilimi kullanilarak istatistiksel olarak test edilmistir. Calisma firmanin strateji tercihleri ile firma performansi arasindaki iliskinin onemini ortaya koymustur. Sonuclar teknoloji odakli olmanin firma performansini pozitif etkiledigini vurgulamaktadir. Bu arastirmanin sonuclarina gore firma performansini en cok etkileyen faktorun yenilikci strateji oldugu tespit edilmistir. Musteri odaklilik ise firma performansini etkileyen ikinci en onemli faktordur. Teknoloji odaklilik, saldirgan strateji ve savunmaci strateji de firma performansini pozitif yonde ve anlamli bir sekilde etkilemektedir. Ancak, beklentilerin aksine, rakip odaklilik ve toplam kalite yonetimi firma performansi uzerinde bir etki gostermemektedir
Technical Performance of Textile-Based Dry Forehead Electrodes Compared with Medical-Grade Overnight Home Sleep Recordings

The current clinically used electroencephalography (EEG) sensors are not self-applicable. This complicates the recording of the brain’s electrical activity in unattended home polysomnography (PSG). When EEG is not recorded, the sleep architecture cannot be accurately determined, which decreases the accuracy of home-based diagnosis of sleep disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the technical performance of forehead EEG signals recorded with FocusBand, an easily applicable textile electrode headband, to that recorded using clinical EEG and electrooculography (EOG) electrodes. Overnight unattended recordings were conducted at participants’ (n=10) homes. Signals were recorded using a portable Nox A1 PSG device. The FocusBand’s forehead EEG (Fp1-Fp2) signals contained features that are visible at both, the standard EEG and EOG signals. The FocusBand’s EEG signal amplitudes were significantly lower compared to standard EEG (F4-M1; average difference 98%) and EOG (E1-M2; average difference 29%) signals during all sleep stages. Despite the amplitude difference, forehead EEG signals displayed typical EEG characteristics related to certain sleep stages. However, the frequency content of the FocusBand-based signals was more similar to that of the standard EOG signals than that of standard EEG signals. The majority of the artifacts seen in the FocusBand signals were related to a loosened headband. High differences in the frequency content of the compared signals were also found during wakefulness, suggesting susceptibility of the textile electrodes to electrode movement artifacts. This study demonstrates that the forehead biopotential signals recorded using an easily attachable textile electrode headband could be useful in home-based sleep recordings.
Approximating recreation site choice: the predictive capability of a lexicographic semi-order model

The relevancy of a lexicographic semi-order model, as a basis for development of a microcomputer-based decision aid for backcountry hikers, was investigated. In an interactive microcomputer exercise, it was found that a decision aid based upon this model may assist recreationists in reduction of an alternative set to a cognitively manageable number.
A Chord Recognition Method of Guitar Sound Using Its Constituent Tone Information

A simple method for identifying musical chords of audio sound played by a guitar is proposed herein. The chord recognition is achieved by comparing similarities between normalized note numbers extracted from the spectrum of the sound and those generated by a database. The database consists of normalized note numbers corresponding to the fundamental frequency of the chord notes, and the database of the chords with different root is shared. The database of five types of the chords were prepared; Major triad, Minor triad, Major seventh, Minor seventh, and Dominant seventh chords. The name of the chord is determined by the root played. Over 800 sounds of the chords played with electric guitars were tested, and the recognition rate showed good performance, which indicates the feasibility of this method. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
RF Photonic Technology in Optical Fiber Links

List of contributors Introduction and preface 1. Figures of merit and performance analysis of photonic microwave links Charles Cox and William S. C. Chang 2. RF subcarrier links in local access networks Xiaolin Lu 3. Analog modulation of semiconductor lasers Joachim Piprek and John E. Bowers 4. LiNbO3 external modulators and their use in high performance analog links Gary E. Betts 5. Broadband traveling wave modulators in LiNbO3 Marta M. Howerton and William K. Burns 6. Multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulators for RF photonic links William S. C. Chang 7. Polymer modulators for RF photonics Timothy Van Eck 8. Photodiodes for high performance analog links P. K. L. Yu and Ming C. Wu 9. Opto-electronic oscillators X. Steve Yao 10. Photonic link techniques for microwave frequency conversion Stephen A. Pappert, Roger Helkey and Ronald T. Logan Jr 11. Antenna-coupled millimeter-wave electro-optical modulators William B. Bridges 12. System design and performance of wideband photonic phased array antennas Greg L. Tangonan, Willie Ng, Daniel Yap and Ron Stephens Acknowledgements References Index.
Gender Differences in the Experience and Report of LBP Among Adults Population in Nigeria

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders and it is cited as one of the major reasons for hospital visits, hence, it has received considerable attention among scholars in Nigeria. However, there is limited data on how the experience of back pain varies for men and women in Nigeria, particularly following an intervention. Such knowledge could be vital in the assessment, treatment and outcome expectations in LBP management. Aims: To explore gender difference in the experience of LBP among adults in Nigeria and to assess whether there was gender difference in recovery from LBP following these interventions. Methods: A total of 130 adults with LBP participated in this study, they were randomised into two groups-Back School Group (BSG) and Control Group (CG). Both groups received physiotherapy and drug therapy for their LBP, in addition to this, the BSG participated in a back-care training programme and they were also given a 24-page back care handbook. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to explore gender differences in pain level at baseline and at four weeks period for the two groups. Results: There were marked gender differences in LBP at baseline period for both groups; pain level was significantly (P<0.05) higher in women than men. This gender difference persists over four weeks of intervention but was only statistically significant for the control group (P<0.05). With the exemption of age group 30-39 for BSG and 50-59 for CG, women experience more LBP across the various age groups than men at baseline respectively. While this gender difference persists after week 4 in the CG, more men reported LBP in the BSG after week 4. Conclusion: Women experienced a higher level of LBP before and after four weeks of intervention. This finding could be suggestive of the clinical relevance of gender in LBP management and may imply that care should be taken in managing LBP particularly among women to ensure pain is not under managed.
FDFNet: A Fusion Network for Generating High-Resolution Fully PolSAR Images

Deep learning shows potential superiority in the image fusion field. To solve the problem of the spatial resolution degradation of polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images caused by system limitation, we propose a fully PolSAR images and DualSAR images fusion network (FDFNet). We use low resolution (LR)-PolSAR super-resolution (LPSR) and modified cross attention mechanism (MCroAM) to perform data fusion on LR-PolSAR and high resolution (HR)-dual-polarization synthetic aperture radar (DualSAR) and design a polarimetric decomposition attention module to introduce the polarimetric parameters of LR-PolSAR images to maintain polarimetric information. Besides, we use the differential information between LR-PolSAR and HR-DualSAR to guide spatial resolution reconstruction. The loss function based on the $L_{1} $ norm is used to constrain the network training process. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method over the existing methods in visual and quantitative evaluation. In addition, polarimetric decomposition experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method to maintain polarimetric information.
Methods Development for Realization of Local Vibration

Due to the rapid development of mobile devices, the interface requirements are more diverse, and the vibration is one of them. In this paper, implementation of local vibration on mobile devices, we propose how to implement the spatial vibration. The method being proposed tries to implement the local vibration by delivering the vibration of the vibrator to the user effectually. The local vibration was implemented through the vibration transfer ability reduction between arrangement of the vibrator and mobile apparatus and vibrator.
On the impedance bandwidth of a planar inverted‐F antenna for mobile handsets

Significant effects of ground‐plane dimensions on the impedance bandwidth of a planar inverted‐F antenna for a UMTS (1920–2170 MHz) mobile handset are presented. Experimental results show that, by varying the ground‐plane length, the antenna studied can have an impedance bandwidth (10 dB return‐loss bandwidth) varying from about 150 to 490 MHz, a variation of more than 300%. Similar behavior has also been observed for the case of varying the ground‐plane width. Details of the experimental results are presented and discussed. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 32: 249–251, 2002.
The Knee Tensegrity System Manages the Balance Between Tension and Compression

We characterize the concept of a “knee axis” and further the concept of “invariant. ” It is now generally recognized that one of the features of the tensegrity (prestressable to the same configuration) allows the knee tensegrity system to be in producing the knee instantaneous axis (KIA). We found that the line of the ground reaction force (GRF) vector is very close to the KIA. It aligns the knee joint with the GRF such that the reaction forces are torqueless. The reaction to the GRF will then be carried by the whole structures on the knee tensegrity instead. The use of knee tensegrity system introduces the new useful dimensions of sensitivity in foot loading to the knee axis alignment. This insight shows that locating KIA is equivalent to the dynamic alignment measurement. This method can be used for the optimal design of braces and orthoses for the conservative treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Unravelling the distinctive growth mechanism of proso millet (
 Panicum miliaceum
 L.) under salt stress: From root‐to‐leaf adaptations to molecular response

Longterm climate change and periodic environmental extremes threaten the global crop productivity and yield of energy crops and impede the sustainable development of modern agriculture (Cappelli et al., 2015; Gupta et al., 2020). These challenges are exacerbated by soil salinization caused by natural or human activities, leading to a more bioenergyscarce world (Litalien & Zeeb, 2020; Sahab et al., 2021). Therefore, the development of salttolerant energy crops is becoming increasingly important. High salinity typically results from the excessive accumulation Received: 20 August 2021 | Accepted: 14 October 2021 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12910