Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomy of scalar potential with 
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-dual fluxes

In the context of $N =1$ four-dimensional type IIB supergravity theories, the U-dual completion arguments suggest to include four S-dual pairs of fluxes in the holomorphic superpotential, namely the so-called $(F, \, H), \, (Q, \, P), \, (P^\prime, Q^\prime)$ and $(H^\prime, \, F^\prime)$. These can generically induce cubic polynomials for the complex-structure moduli as well as the K\"ahler-moduli in the flux superpotential. In this article, we explore the insights of the four-dimensional non-geometric scalar potential in the presence of such generalized U-dual fluxes by considering an explicit type IIB toroidal compactification model based on an orientifold of ${\mathbb T}^6/({\mathbb Z}_2 \times {\mathbb Z}_2)$ orbifold. First, we observe that the flux superpotential induces a huge scalar potential having a total of 76276 terms involving 128 flux parameters and 14 real scalars. Subsequently, we invoke a new set of (the so-called) ``axionic fluxes"comprising combinations of the standard fluxes and the RR axions, and it turns out that these axionic fluxes can be very useful in rewriting the scalar potential in a relatively compact form. In this regard, using the metric of the compactifying toroidal sixfold, we present a new formulation of the effective scalar potential, which might be useful for understanding the higher-dimensional origin of the various pieces via the so-called ``dimensional oxidation"process. We also discuss the generalized Bianchi identities and the tadpole cancellation conditions, which can be important while seeking the physical (AdS/dS) vacua in such models.
Towards a Rigorous Analysis of Mutual Information in Contrastive Learning

Contrastive learning has emerged as a cornerstone in recent achievements of unsupervised representation learning. Its primary paradigm involves an instance discrimination task with a mutual information loss. The loss is known as InfoNCE and it has yielded vital insights into contrastive learning through the lens of mutual information analysis. However, the estimation of mutual information can prove challenging, creating a gap between the elegance of its mathematical foundation and the complexity of its estimation. As a result, drawing rigorous insights or conclusions from mutual information analysis becomes intricate. In this study, we introduce three novel methods and a few related theorems, aimed at enhancing the rigor of mutual information analysis. Despite their simplicity, these methods can carry substantial utility. Leveraging these approaches, we reassess three instances of contrastive learning analysis, illustrating their capacity to facilitate deeper comprehension or to rectify pre-existing misconceptions. Specifically, we investigate small batch size, mutual information as a measure, and the InfoMin principle.
Food for body and soul: tourism development opportunities in the Western Cape

This article applies spatial multiple criteria evaluation (MCE) by weighted linear combination of factor layers in a computerised geographical information system (GIS) to aid development of spatial policy and planning of cultural and food and wine tourism in the Western Cape. It explains spatial tourism development policy, tourism marketing and expressed tourist preferences that translate into suitability indicators or attraction features for capture in a spatial resource database. Two sets of tourism attractions are conceptually defined, captured in spatial format as mapped variables and statistically weighted for MCE modelling. The fine-scale outcomes in map format allow comparisons to be made of the effects of variable MCE execution rules for the two products. The application can be replicated for entrepreneurial and regulatory planning. Voedsel vir liggaam en gees : toerisme-ontwikkelingsgeleenthede in die Wes-Kaap Die artikel pas ruimtelike multikriteria-evaluering (MKE) toe deur die lineere kombinering van faktoroorlegte in 'n gerekenariseerde geografiese inligtingstelsel (GIS) vir die ontwikkeling van ruimtelike beleid en beplanning rakende kultuur- en voedsel- en wyntoerisme in die Wes-Kaap. Ruimtelike beleid vir toerisme-ontwikkeling en -bemarking en verklaarde toeristevoorkeure word benut om geskiktheidsaanwysers vir opname in 'n ruimtelike databasis van verskynsels te ondervang. Twee stelle toerisme-attraksies word konseptueel as veranderlikes gedefinieer, gekarteer en statisties geweeg vir MKE-modellering. Die produk is fynskaalkaarte vir die twee toerismeprodukte nadat MKE uitgevoer is volgens beredeneerde toepassingsreels en laat vergelyking van die twee produkte toe. Die toepassing kan elders herhaal word vir ondernemer- en reguleringsbeplanning.
Low-Rank Multitask Learning based on Tensorized SVMs and LSSVMs

Multitask learning (MTL) leverages task-relatedness to enhance performance. With the emergence of multimodal data, tasks can now be referenced by multiple indices. In this paper, we employ high-order tensors, with each mode corresponding to a task index, to naturally represent tasks referenced by multiple indices and preserve their structural relations. Based on this representation, we propose a general framework of low-rank MTL methods with tensorized support vector machines (SVMs) and least square support vector machines (LSSVMs), where the CP factorization is deployed over the coefficient tensor. Our approach allows to model the task relation through a linear combination of shared factors weighted by task-specific factors and is generalized to both classification and regression problems. Through the alternating optimization scheme and the Lagrangian function, each subproblem is transformed into a convex problem, formulated as a quadratic programming or linear system in the dual form. In contrast to previous MTL frameworks, our decision function in the dual induces a weighted kernel function with a task-coupling term characterized by the similarities of the task-specific factors, better revealing the explicit relations across tasks in MTL. Experimental results validate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed methods compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches in MTL. The code of implementation will be available at https://github.com/liujiani0216/TSVM-MTL.
Hydrological Dynamics of the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia

Relations between stormflow characteristics and soil‐moisture content, water table elevation in wells along several transects perpendicular to the stream, and precipitation were evaluated for the Panola Mountain Research Watershed, Georgia, from water years 1986 through 2001 to refine the conceptualization of streamflow generation, including the relations between ground water dynamics and streamflow. For 759 rainstorms during 16 water years, stormflow water yield correlates best with maximum soil‐moisture content and with maximum water table elevation; the relations are linear above thresholds for the entire period and vary by season. For moderate to large rainstorms, relations among wetness parameters and stormflow water yield are better (less scatter) and more consistent when the watershed is seasonally wet than when the watershed is dry. During rainstorms, soil‐moisture content (minimum or maximum) is highly correlated among soil depths and with water table elevations. The soil‐moisture measurements were made at one site at the base of a hillslope, and the values at any depth are likely to vary spatially and with respect to timing, other landscape positions, and soil types. Stormflow water yield is linearly related to soil‐moisture content at the deepest location (70 cm) above 37% volumetric moisture content, which occurs ∼20% of the time. Maximum water table elevation is linearly related to maximum soil‐moisture content above a threshold, and the soil‐moisture threshold increases with upslope position; the soil‐moisture threshold for flow to occur at a trench hillslope site is 41%, which occurs <0.5% of the time. The general relations among streamflow, soil moisture, and water table response are attributed to variable source areas, particularly the ground water contribution from a riparian zone aquifer ≤5 m thick that expands as the watershed becomes wetter.
Quasinormal modes of Reissner-Nordström–AdS: the approach to extremality

We consider the quasinormal spectrum of scalar and axial perturbations of the Reissner-Nordström–AdS black hole as the horizon approaches extremality. By considering a foliation of the black hole by spacelike surfaces which intersect the future horizon we implement numerical methods which are well behaved up to and including the extremal limit and which admit initial data which is nontrivial at the horizon. As extremality is approached we observe a transition whereby the least damped mode ceases to be oscillatory in time, and the late time signal changes qualitatively as a consequence.
Use of hyaluronic acid matrix in dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty

ABSTRACT Augmentation rhinoplasty sometimes is required for patients with saddle nose deformity caused by failed rhinoplasty or facial trauma; finding appropriate grafting material remains a significant problem for this procedure. We investigated hyaluronic acid matrix as an allograft for dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty in a rabbit model. We performed an osteotomy on the nasal bones of eight rabbits. Four animals were sham operated as the control group and four were administered a mixture of saline-gelled hyaluronic acid matrix and sliced cartilage. Ultrasonography and three-dimensional reconstruction tomography were performed at the end of the experimental period. After sacrifice of the animals, nasal tissues were examined for histopathology, and both collagen scores and number of capillaries were compared between the two groups. Increased collagen and capillaries were apparent in the hyaluronic acid matrix group compared to controls. The median collagen score was significantly greater for the hyaluronic acid matrix group than for the control group. Although the number of capillaries for the hyaluronic acid matrix group was greater than for the control group, the difference was not statistically significant. Three weeks is sufficient for adhesion of ends of fractures in clinical practice; however, we found no ossification at this time in either group. A hyaluronic acid matrix may be a useful alternative supplement for dorsal augmentation rhinoplasty. Development of collagen was commensurate with membranous ossification; however, assessment of complete ossification requires a longer experimental period.
Computer simulation of carbonization and graphitization of coal

This study describes computer simulations of carbonization and graphite formation, including the effects of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. We introduce a novel technique to simulate carbonization, ‘Simulation of Thermal Emission of Atoms and Molecules (STEAM)’, designed to elucidate volatile outgassing and density variations in the intermediate material during carbonization. The investigation analyzes the functional groups that endure through high-temperature carbonization and examines the graphitization processes in carbon-rich materials containing non-carbon impurity elements. The physical, vibrational, and electronic attributes of impure amorphous graphite are analyzed, and the impact of nitrogen on electronic conduction is investigated.
CircleFormer: Circular Nuclei Detection in Whole Slide Images with Circle Queries and Attention

Both CNN-based and Transformer-based object detection with bounding box representation have been extensively studied in computer vision and medical image analysis, but circular object detection in medical images is still underexplored. Inspired by the recent anchor free CNN-based circular object detection method (CircleNet) for ball-shape glomeruli detection in renal pathology, in this paper, we present CircleFormer, a Transformer-based circular medical object detection with dynamic anchor circles. Specifically, queries with circle representation in Transformer decoder iteratively refine the circular object detection results, and a circle cross attention module is introduced to compute the similarity between circular queries and image features. A generalized circle IoU (gCIoU) is proposed to serve as a new regression loss of circular object detection as well. Moreover, our approach is easy to generalize to the segmentation task by adding a simple segmentation branch to CircleFormer. We evaluate our method in circular nuclei detection and segmentation on the public MoNuSeg dataset, and the experimental results show that our method achieves promising performance compared with the state-of-the-art approaches. The effectiveness of each component is validated via ablation studies as well. Our code is released at https://github.com/zhanghx-iim-ahu/CircleFormer.
TDP-43 gains function due to perturbed autoregulation in a Tardbp knockin mouse な model of ALS-FTD に ぬ

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Balance training using virtual reality improves balance and physical performance in older adults at high risk of falls

Purpose Exercise programs designed for falls prevention have been proven effective in reducing falls by approximately 21%. Virtual reality may provide a viable alternative intervention for falls prevention. This study compared the effects of virtual reality training using the Balance Rehabilitation Unit (BRU) versus exercise using a modified Otago Exercise Programme (EX) on improving balance and physical performance in the short-term restorative care setting of the Gait and Balance Gym (Gabagym). Patients and methods This was a pre- and post-intervention study of 195 participants (median age 78 years, IQR 73–84; 67% female) who presented with a risk and/or history of falls. Participants were assigned to either EX (n=82) or BRU (n=63). Supervised sessions occurred twice a week for 6 weeks. Participants receiving interventions were compared to a separate group (n=50) with similar characteristics who did not receive any intervention. Balance and physical performance were assessed at initial and final attendance and included the 5 Times Sit to Stand (5STS) test, Timed Up and Go (TUG), gait speed and posturography assessment using the BRU. Fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale. Handgrip strength and adherence were also monitored. Results Post-intervention, EX and BRU groups achieved similar improvements and reported similar adherence rates (71% vs 72%, respectively). Both intervention groups improved in balance and physical performance measures. Both interventions showed significantly better improvement than the non-intervention group in TUG (p<0.001), gait speed (p=0.021), limits of stability in posturography assessment (p=0.008), FES-I score (p=0.013) and handgrip strength (p=0.021). Only the BRU group improved control of static posture in the eyes closed (p=0.002) and foam eyes closed (p=0.006) tasks. Conclusion This study highlights the potential use of virtual reality as a practical alternative to improve outcomes of balance training for reduction of falls risk in older adults.
sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus as a risk factor for bronchiectasis in COPD

Background: Bronchiectasis–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap presents a possible clinical phenotype of COPD, but it is unclear why it develops in a subset of patients. We hypothesized that sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus ( A fum ) is associated with bronchiectasis in COPD and occurs more frequently in vitamin D-deficient patients. Methods: This observational study investigated sensitization to A fum in an outpatient clinical cohort of 300 COPD patients and 50 (ex-) smoking controls. Total IgE, A fum -specific IgE against the crude extract and against the recombinant antigens and A fum IgG were measured using ImmunoCAP fluoroenzyme immunoassay. Vitamin D was measured by radioimmunoassay, and computed tomography images of the lungs were scored using the modified Reiff score. Results: Sensitization to A fum occurred in 18% of COPD patients compared to 4% of controls ( P = 0.0110). In all, 31 COPD patients (10%) were sensitized to the crude extract and 24 patients (8%) had only IgE against recombinant antigens. A fum IgG levels were significantly higher in the COPD group ( P = 0.0473). Within COPD, A fum -sensitized patients were more often male ( P = 0.0293) and more often had bronchiectasis ( P = 0.0297). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens were more prevalent in historical sputum samples of A fum -sensitized COPD patients compared to A fum -non-sensitized COPD patients ( P = 0.0436). Vitamin D levels were comparable ( P = 0.2057). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that sensitization to recombinant f1 or f3 had a 2.8-fold increased risk for bronchiectasis ( P = 0.0030). Conclusion: These results highlight a potential role for sensitization to A fum in COPD-related bronchiectasis.
TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control

Received Mar 02, 2023 Revised Apr 20, 2023 Accepted Apr 30, 2023 In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
Mild Illness during Outbreak of Shiga Toxin Producing Escherichia coli O 157 Infections Associated with Agricultural Show , Australia

On August 21, 2013, Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services (QHFSS), the public health reference laboratory in Coopers Plains, Queensland, Australia, informed public health authorities of 2 case-patients with Shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC) illness in Brisbane. The next day, 2 additional case-patients were reported. All 4 case-patients attended the annual agricultural show in Brisbane, the capital of Queensland, a state of Australia, and had no other exposures in common. The agricultural show was open to the public during August 817. The show provided opportunities for visitors to see and pet farm animals. More than 400,000 persons visited the show in 2013.
Comparative genomic analysis of the multispecies probiotic-marketed product VSL#3

Several probiotic-marketed formulations available for the consumers contain live lactic acid bacteria and/or bifidobacteria. The multispecies product commercialized as VSL#3 has been used for treating various gastro-intestinal disorders. However, like many other products, the bacterial strains present in VSL#3 have only been characterized to a limited extent and their efficacy as well as their predicted mode of action remain unclear, preventing further applications or comparative studies. In this work, the genomes of all eight bacterial strains present in VSL#3 were sequenced and characterized, to advance insights into the possible mode of action of this product and also to serve as a basis for future work and trials. Phylogenetic and genomic data analysis allowed us to identify the 7 species present in the VSL#3 product as specified by the manufacturer. The 8 strains present belong to the species Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus helveticus, Bifidobacterium breve and B. animalis subsp. lactis (two distinct strains). Comparative genomics revealed that the draft genomes of the S. thermophilus and L. helveticus strains were predicted to encode most of the defence systems such as restriction modification and CRISPR-Cas systems. Genes associated with a variety of potential probiotic functions were also identified. Thus, in the three Bifidobacterium spp. , gene clusters were predicted to encode tight adherence pili, known to promote bacteria-host interaction and intestinal barrier integrity, and to impact host cell development. Various repertoires of putative signalling proteins were predicted to be encoded by the genomes of the Lactobacillus spp. , i.e. surface layer proteins, LPXTG-containing proteins, or sortase-dependent pili that may interact with the intestinal mucosa and dendritic cells. Taken altogether, the individual genomic characterization of the strains present in the VSL#3 product confirmed the product specifications, determined its coding capacity as well as identified potential probiotic functions.
G-tract RNA removes Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 from genes

Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) maintains repression of cell type-specific genes but 27 also associates with genes ectopically in cancer. While it is currently unknown how PRC2 is 28 removed from genes, such knowledge would be useful for the targeted reversal of deleterious 29 PRC2 recruitment events. Here, we show that G-tract RNA specifically removes PRC2 from 30 genes in human and mouse cells. PRC2 preferentially binds G-tracts within nascent pre-mRNAs, 31 especially within predicted G-quadruplex structures. G-quadruplex RNA evicts the PRC2 32 catalytic core from the substrate nucleosome. PRC2 transfers from chromatin to RNA upon gene 33 activation and chromatin-associated G-tract RNA removes PRC2, leading to H3K27me3 34 depletion from genes. Targeting G-tract RNA to the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in 35 malignant rhabdoid tumor cells reactivates the gene and induces senescence. These data support a 36 model in which pre-mRNA evicts PRC2 during gene activation and provides the means to 37 selectively remove PRC2 from specific genes.