Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI ALPUKAT (Persea gratissima) DENGAN PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI

Biodiesel merupakan turunan minyak/lemak tumbuhan yang direaksikan menggunakan alkohol dengan bantuan katalis. Biodiesel menjadi bahan baku pengganti bahan bakar minyak (BBM) yang dari tahun ke tahun akan mengalami penurunan kuantitas dan akan menjadi habis karena naiknya permintaan. Banyak bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber bahan baku biodiesel, salah satunya adalah biji alpukat. Bahan baku ini seringkali dibuang begitu saja setelah dimanfaatkan daging buahnya. Dengan dimanfaatkannya biji alpukat, buah alpukat mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang tinggi selain dapat digunakan untuk bahan pangan/konsumsi, dapat juga dipakai untuk membuat biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat biodiesel dari minyak biji alpukat (Persea gratissima) sehingga dapat dijadikan alternatif bahan bakar diesel, mempelajari pengaruh rasio mol minyak biji alpukat terhadap metanol dan suhu reaksi untuk memperoleh kadar metil ester yang tertinggi dalam pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak biji alpukat serta mempelajari pengaruh metode pencucian dan membandingkan antara metode konvensional (dengan air) dengan dry washing untuk memperoleh kadar metil ester tertinggi. Dalam penelitian ini variabel yang digunakan adalah rasio mol minyak terhadap metanol 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 dan 1:8, suhu reaksi yang digunakan 40 �C, 50 �C, dan 60 �C dan metode pencucian dengan air dan tanpa air (dry washing). Kondisi operasi yang dipakai adalah waktu reaksi selama 60 menit dan rasio berat NaOH yang digunakan terhadap minyak biji alpukat sebesar 1%. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik biodiesel dari minyak biji alpukat memenuhi standar sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, kondisi optimum dalam pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak biji alpukat didapatkan pada rasio mol minyak terhadap metanol 1:6 dan pada suhu reaksi transesterifikasi sebesar 60 0C. Metode pencucian dengan air menghasilkan kadar metil ester sebesar 82,71 %,sedangkan metode dry washing diperoleh kadar metil ester sebesar 84,57 %. Sehingga metode pencucian terbaik adalah metode dry washing dengan perbedaan kadar sebesar 1,86 %.
Efficacy of Reported Issue Times as a Means for Effort Estimation

Efficacy of Reported Issue Times as a Means for Effort Estimation by Paul Phillip MacLean Software effort is a measure of manpower dedicated to developing and maintaining and software. Effort estimation can help project managers monitor their software, teams, and timelines. Conversely, improper effort estimation can result in budget overruns, delays, lost contracts, and accumulated Technical Debt (TD). Issue Tracking Systems (ITS) have become mainstream project management tools, with over 65,000 companies using Jira alone. ITS are an untapped resource for issue resolution effort research. Related work investigates issue effort for specific issue types, usually Bugs or similar. They model their developer-documented issue resolution times using features from the issues themselves. This thesis explores a novel issue effort estimation and prediction approach using developer-documented ITS effort in tandem with implementation metrics (commit metrics, package metrics, refactoring metrics, and smell metrics). We find consistent correlations between ITS effort and implementation metrics, ranging from weak to moderate strength. We also construct and evaluate several exploratory models to predict future package effort using our novel effort estimation, with inconclusive results.
Klasifikasi Kemurnian Daging Sapi Berbasis Electronic Nose dengan Metode Principal Component Analysis

Meat is a widely consumed food, therefore it requires certain quality standards to be safe to consumed and does not harm the consumers. Several of those standards including meat freshness and meat purity. Recently it has been found some cases of pork adulteration in beef which consequently could harm the consumers. In order to examine the purity of beef, it required test method based on odor characteristics by using electronic nose. Adulterated beef samples were prepared with pork content within samples varied by 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of total sample mass where the sample mass is 20 grams. The 10 days data collecting consists of sensing and flushing cycles for 180 seconds each cycles, with 6 times process repeating over 1 day. Data processing was carried out in several stages which including signal preprocessing based on baseline manipulation, feature extraction by calculating the area of the response signal curve by using trapezoidal rule of integral approximation, and multivariate analysis using PCA. Cumulative percentage of variance of two principal components of beef and pork classification test yields at 99.9% of total variance, and classification test between pure beef and adulterated beef resulting in 99.6% of total variance. Therefore, it can be concluded that electronic nose can classify between pure beef and adulterated beef.
Computer Assisted Instruction in Laparoscopic Surgery using Deep Learning

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is famous to cause less harm to the skin compared with regular operation, due to the tiny surgical instruments and the small incisions used. It provides many advantages to the patients like a shorter hospital stays, reduced pain and faster recovery. In addition, MIS offers the possibility of video record the surgery. These videos are used for teaching purposes, evaluating surgeons and also they are treated as evidence in case of lawsuits from patients. On the other hand, these types of surgeries are difficult to learn and teach. That’s why surgeons tend to check MIS videos for a possible technical error. Since MIS medias are commonly very long, this manual surgical quality assessment (SQA) process, without any support of video search, take so much time and effort. To surmount this issue, we present a neural network based solution, to identify surgical instruments and index these videos, using three fine-tuned Convolutional Neural Network VGG19, Inception v-4 and NASNet-A. Finally, we present the benefits of the proposed approach on the Cholec80 dataset.
Cone fundamentals: A model for the future of colorimetry

Cone fundamentals is the name given to the relative spectral sensitivity of long-wave sensitive, medium-wave sensitive and short-wave sensitive cones. Cone fundamentals represent the spectral absorptances of the retinal photopigments in the cones multiplied by the spectral transmittances of the ocular media through which light passes to reach the retina. The CIE 2006 cone fundamentals are based on the Stiles and Burch experimental colour matches and have been validated by recent microspectrophotometric measurements and modelling. A new physiologically based version of the MacLeod–Boynton chromaticity diagram is proposed by the CIE as well as a cone-fundamental-based (xF, yF) chromaticity diagram. All the data necessary to use these concepts for high-precision colorimetric calculations are readily available.
Secure Device-to-Device Caching With Blockchain

Caching and distributing of network packets among devices has been accepted by the research community as a cost-effective method of transferring especially audio-video data among mobile users. Another newly established technology, blockchain, has been successfully applied to decentralized financial systems like Bitcoin. The research on caching and distributing methods has not focused on the security aspect so far. In this article, we present an effective scheme to provide security and integrity of network packets in caching and distribution systems by employing the blockchain technology. Unlike the existing blockchain applications, the proposed protocol requires a lightweight consensus algorithm. Our scheme also allows peers in the network to make correctly addressed inquiries as the packets’ locations are kept in the blocks which are available to any peer in the network. Considering that cryptographic primitives alone are not adequate to prevent malicious network packets among the peers, the proposed blockchain application presents an invaluable tool to prevent malicious packets from leaking into the system and to address which peers own the desired packets. We demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method by implementing it for Android OS devices and conduct real-time testing on different settings.
Two-dimensional potential, electric field and drain current model of source pocket hetero gate dielectric triple work function tunnel field-effect transistor

Low ON current and conduction for the negative gate-to-source voltage are the major drawbacks of the steep subthreshold slope tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET). Low work function on the source side of gate contact, high-κ gate dielectric and highly doped layer (delta doping) helps to enhance the ON current of the device. Whereas, low work function of gate electrode on the drain side and low-κ gate dielectric is used to eliminate the problem of conduction for the negative gate-to-source voltage. In the same concern, an analytical model for potential distribution of tri metal hetero gate dielectric delta doped TFET is developed by solving the two-dimensional (2D) Poisson's equation. Moreover, the extraction of electric field is performed by the developed potential model. However, model of drain current for the device is based on the Kane's band-to-band tunnelling generation rate. Finally, the verification of the developed model is performed with the 2D technology computer aided design ATLAS simulation results.
A Survey on Simulation-based Optimization

Simulation-based optimization(SBO)is one of the most promising researching fields.It is the best tool to solve the problems which possess stochastic property or can not be expressed explicitly by mathematical model.The development of SBO is generalized.Methods of testing strategies with simulation,simulation-based GA,simulation-based SA,simulation-based PSO and obtaining stochastic parameters and functions are introduced.Finally,the applications of SBO is summarized.The key points of SBO is analyzed and the development trend of SBO is predicted.
Mechanisms Determining Body Size and Shape Difference in Algerian Spur-Thighed Tortoises (Testudo graeca)

Simple Summary Assessing the body size and body shape variations between sexes and geographical populations can help us understand the adaptive responses of organisms in the face of the pressures to which they are subjected. To evaluate the influence of habitat-type conditions, we selected six Algerian populations of Testudo graeca living in different environments. The results of the traditional morphometric analyses showed that body size and shell shape were smaller and flattened, respectively, in males, especially under unfavorable conditions for tortoises; these changes were jointly caused by anthropogenic and natural pressures. We found clear evidence in several tortoise species that differences in growth durations up to the onset of maturity resulted primarily in different sizes at maturity and ultimately in different adult sizes. Abstract Using data for the body size and shell shape of Algerian Testudo graeca, we assessed how proximate causes shaped the observed variation in the morphology of adults. All of the studied populations displayed significant sexual size and shape dimorphisms. Relative to body length, females displayed larger, more voluminous and domed shells than males. We found clear evidence that variation in body size at maturity influenced sexual size dimorphism. Body size at maturity depends on the duration of growth from hatching up to the point of reaching sexual maturity. In the studied populations, sexual maturity, estimated by counting growth lines, was always reached earlier in males than in females (a time difference of 1.4–3.0 years). Similar to sexual size dimorphism, geographic variation in adult body sizes was also influenced by variations in the corresponding sizes at maturity. Remarkably, the population with the largest tortoises had the latest mean maturation time: 9.1 for males and 10.5 for females. Thus, the later completion of maturation was a determinant for a larger size in adulthood. The largest tortoises among the studied populations were measured at the Djelfa locality, where the recorded sizes of males and females reached 186 and 230 mm, respectively.
Conflicts with external stakeholders in irrigation construction projects in Sri Lanka: a narrative analysis

Abstract Irrigation Construction Projects (ICPs) in Sri Lanka usually face conflicts with various external stakeholders, i.e. general public, government authorities. Such conflicts are most likely to end as court cases in litigation, which is a time and money-consuming process. With the view of avoiding conflicts at its first instance, this research assessed causes of conflicts and consequential influences of such conflicts over the lens of case-study research strategy. Four case-studies were evaluated via 21 expert interviews. The main conflict zones in ICPs are obstructions from government authorities, public protests, effects of government policy changes and political influences, difficulties of project area occupancy, and financial limitations. The origin for most causes of conflicts is poor coordination between stakeholders. Time-overrun is the most frequent consequential-contractual-influence. Causes of conflicts, solutions to overcome such causes, and consequential-contractual-influences were presented in cognitive-maps towards facilitating decision-makers in ICPs. This research recommends to utilize detail design and feasibility stage to avoid most conflicts in the construction stage.
Dietary Supplements Use among Athletes in Lebanon: Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Correlates

Athletes are under the utmost pressure to reach excellence in their performance and achieve the desired outcomes in competitions, prompting them to use dietary supplements. Given the threats to both health and eligibility, it is crucial to observe the prevalence, sources of information, knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) among Lebanese athletes practicing their sports for at least two years. In the present paper, a cross-sectional study is performed using the snowball sampling method, in which a self-administered KAP questionnaire is used to collect data from 455 athletes (mean age: 27.4 ± 7.9 years; men: 73.1%) participating in four sports categories (ball games, combat sports, endurance sports, and weightlifting). Among the Lebanese athletes, the prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use was 74%, where half of them had predominately used sports supplements. Athletes in Lebanon heavily rely on coaches (74%) and online sources, including webpages and social media (64%), as key information sources for DSs. The findings suggest that significant proportions of athletes show knowledge deficits and unsatisfactory attitudes towards multiple aspects related to supplementation. Moreover, education and sports type modulate the use of DSs among athletes. Furthermore, 34% reported using supplements without a recommendation from specialists, and 69% admitted to not reading the supplement’s nutrition facts. This study urges the need for the regulation of concerned authorities and education programs to help overcome the existing challenges.
Food waste reduction at Restaurant De Pleats: Small steps for mankind

Every year, large quantities of food are thrown away in the catering industry. Restaurant De Pleats therefore started a pilot study for twelve days to weigh all discarded carrots, chips and bread in order to determine food waste within the company. The management decided to measure three product groups since measuring the total waste would make it difficult to determine which interventions would or would not work. A distinction can be made between pre-consumer and post-consumer waste. Therefore waste from the kitchen and from the restaurant was collected and weighed separately. What stood out was that during the week more fries were thrown away and on the weekend more carrots were discarded. One explanation for this is that on the weekends more families with children are dining in the restaurant. Prevention is the quickest way to reduce food waste. The most important recommendations for interventions are: weigh all portions, reduce portion sizes and calculate the impact of the waste. During the study a change of behaviour was already noticed in the kitchen. Cooks re-used more products and were much more aware of the fact that a few hundred grams of waste per cook per day lead to hundreds of kilos of waste per year.
Risk in the activities of football companies on the example of Olympique Lyonnais and GKS Katowice

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the economic situation of two publicly listed companies: GKS Katowice (Poland) and Olympique Lyonnais (France). Both enterprises have different ownership models: Olympique Lyonnnais is a privately owned club, and GKS Katowice belongs to a municipal government. However, both clubs operate in the realities of different market economic system (Poland and France) and also at a different level of economic development. It is common that football companies function under uncertainty and risk. This is heightened by additional characteristic factors for this type of activity such as uncertainty of outcome in sports competition. The adoption of professional sport activities also automatically runs to the risk, but this is not the only problem that the company has to face. In addition, both clubs had to deal with new challenges: COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. The paper presented the functioning of both football companies during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns. Methodology: The first part of this research study discusses some particular points of the business strategy and risk management in the context of football companies’ management. The economic and financial situation of two football companies is presented, namely: Olympique Lyonnais and GKS Katowice. The focus is on sports, economic and financial criteria to assess the standing of football companies. This paper combines the conclusions from secondary data analysis, content analysis of web­sites as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis. The study also employs a comparative analysis. Research and practical limitations: Football companies are in the need to take several actions: a) continuously search for new sources of financing and diversification of activities, b) conclude long sponsorship agreements. Building a solid financial foundation and looking into the future can help football companies get through times of various crises and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Transcriptomal Insights of Heart Failure from Normality to Recovery

Current management of heart failure (HF) is centred on modulating the progression of symptoms and severity of left ventricular dysfunction. However, specific understandings of genetic and molecular targets are needed for more precise treatments. To attain a clearer picture of this, we studied transcriptome changes in a chronic progressive HF model. Fifteen sheep (Ovis aries) underwent supracoronary aortic banding using an inflatable cuff. Controlled and progressive induction of pressure overload in the LV was monitored by echocardiography. Endomyocardial biopsies were collected throughout the development of LV failure (LVF) and during the stage of recovery. RNA-seq data were analysed using the PANTHER database, Metascape, and DisGeNET to annotate the gene expression for functional ontologies. Echocardiography revealed distinct clinical differences between the progressive stages of hypertrophy, dilatation, and failure. A unique set of transcript expressions in each stage was identified, despite an overlap of gene expression. The removal of pressure overload allowed the LV to recover functionally. Compared to the control stage, there were a total of 256 genes significantly changed in their expression in failure, 210 genes in hypertrophy, and 73 genes in dilatation. Gene expression in the recovery stage was comparable with the control stage with a well-noted improvement in LV function. RNA-seq revealed the expression of genes in each stage that are not reported in cardiovascular pathology. We identified genes that may be potentially involved in the aetiology of progressive stages of HF, and that may provide future targets for its management.
PENGARUH INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUENCY RATIO (CAR), FINANCING TO DEPOSIT RATIO (FDR), DAN BIAYA OPERASIONAL PER PENDAPATAN OPERASIONAL (BOPO) DALAM PENINGKATAN PROFITABILITAS INDUSTRI BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat rasio kesehatan bank yang diukur dengan CAR, FDR, dan BOPO terhadap peningkatan profitabilitas industri Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia. Data yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder antara lain capital adequacy ratio (CAR), likuiditas (FDR), efisiensi operasional (BOPO) dan profitabilitas (ROA) pada industri perbankan umum syariah yang terdaftar di Bank Indonesia. Data tersebut merupakan data time series cross section dari tahun 2010-2012 dan 2013 (hanya pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2013) yang diperoleh melalui situs resmi statistik perbankan, Bank Indonesia (www.bi.go.id). Untuk menganalisisnya, peneliti menggunakan model regresi linear berganda dengan SPSS 16. Dari hasil pengamatan dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan, kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah CAR, FDR, dan BOPO terhadap ROA yang merupakan indikator kesehatan Bank untuk mengukur profitabilitasnya memiliki hubungan yang tinggi. CAR secara parsial tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Variabel FDR secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas. Berbeda lagi dengan BOPO yang secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA.
Paucigranulocytic Asthma: Potential Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Clinical Features and Therapeutic Management

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation, in which several phenotypes have been described, related to the age of onset, symptoms, inflammatory characteristics and treatment response. The identification of the inflammatory phenotype in asthma is very useful, since it allows for both the recognition of the asthmatic triggering factor as well as the optimization of treatment The paucigranulocytic phenotype of asthma (PGA) is characterized by sputum eosinophil levels <1–3% and sputum neutrophil levels < 60%. The precise characteristics and the pathobiology of PGA are not fully understood, and, in some cases, it seems to represent a previous eosinophilic phenotype with a good response to anti-inflammatory treatment. However, many patients with PGA remain uncontrolled and experience asthmatic symptoms and exacerbations, irrespective of the low grade of airway inflammation. This observation leads to the hypothesis that PGA might also be either a special phenotype driven by different kinds of cells, such as macrophages or mast cells, or a non-inflammatory phenotype with a low grade of eosinophilic inflammation. In this review, we aim to describe the special characteristics of PGA and the potential therapeutic interventions that could be offered to these patients.