Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling the transport of nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier using an agent-based approach

Diseases affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord, will account for an estimated 11.84% of all deaths by 2015, with few effective treatment options. This is partly a consequence of poor penetrance of blood-borne molecules, including almost all therapeutics, into the CNS. This is due to the existence of a blood-brain barrier, severely limiting potential therapeutic intervention. Nanoparticles are diverse nanoscale particles that have recently been demonstrated to be able to improve drug penetrance across the blood-brain barrier, by targeting endogenous transport systems. However, further methods to improve their general delivery to the CNS and specific delivery to different regions of the CNS are required. Here, agent-based modelling has been utilised to simulate blood flow in a capillary at the blood-brain barrier. This modelling approach has demonstrated the importance of a number of biological, physiological and physical factors that affect nanoparticle uptake to the CNS. This model was used to demonstrate how the fluid dynamics in capillaries enhances nanoparticle distribution to the vessel wall interface. These simulations have demonstrated that by tuning nanoparticle properties, including ligand density, receptor-ligand affinity and size, general delivery by transcytosis can be improved. Moreover, particular nanoparticle formulations can target high levels, but not low levels, of receptor expression at the blood-brain barrier thus providing a method to improve specific delivery into particularly CNS regions. Furthermore, nanoparticles can be formulated to stabilise nanoparticle binding under different flow conditions. In particular during regional blood flow increases, called functional hyperaemia, which aid access of nutrients to that region of the CNS. It is predicted from these simulations that this could be harnessed to further improve specificity of delivery. Finally, chemotactic nanoparticles are shown to have an improved distribution to the vessel wall interface and penetration through the CNS tissue.
Simulating DuCTT and optimizing control for DuCTT with machine learning

Air duct inspection frequently requires mobile robots to visit areas inaccessible to humans. Tensegrity robots, with their small mass and cross-section are highly suited to inspecting air ducts without impeding the flow within the duct. One tensegrity robot designed at the UCSD Coordinated Robotics Lab for this task is the Duct Climbing Tetrahedral Tensegrity (DuCTT) robot. This robot consists of two tetrahedral sections connected by eight cables. This work presents a way to simulate this robot in the NASA Tensegrity Robotics Toolkit (NTRT). Once the robot is simulated, control strategies can be explored in a variety of different environments. These strategies can get the robot to climb and traverse air ducts. and ways to optimize controllers based on those strategies. The two different strategies are using sine waves to control the actuators, and a state-machine controller. Each controller is optimized using one stage of Monte-Carlo parameter estimation and a second stage genetic algorithm to improve the parameters found by the first stage. The state-machine controller ends up with better performance, 6.77 cm/s, compared to the sine wave controller's 0.38 cm/s
A high efficiency fluidly reconfigurable antenna with detached feeding

In this study, a pure water antenna with a tunable radiation pattern is proposed, which combines the idea of the Yagi antenna and the reflector antenna to realize a steerable directional beam. By sufficiently utilizing the excellent features of water: fluidity, transparency, and reconfigurability, this proposed design achieves a 360° beam coverage. In addition, a detached feeding structure is introduced to effectively avoid liquid leakage and corrosion. This type of antenna has 25 different working states covering the working frequency from 2.36 to 2.6 GHz (S11 < −10 dB), a high radiation efficiency (70%), and a maximum realized gain of 5.8 dB. This design is expected to be a promising candidate for the internet of things applications.
Relationship between Explosive Strength With Speed and Agility among U-12 Football Athletes

Relationship between Explosive Strength With Speed and Agility among U-12 Football Athletes. Abstract To excel in football, speed and agility are the key elements of fitness. Thus, some combinations of strength, power and plyometric training have been applied in order to enhance both components. There are some studies that found the positive correlations between explosive strength with both speed and agility components that led to the finding which suggested that improving muscle strength and power may help to turn these changes into reducing in time for sprinting and the ability to change direction for athletes. However, the studies about this relationship on youth football athletes have been limited especially for youth football athletes in Malaysia. Thus, this study aimed embarking to discover the correlation between explosive strength with speed and agility among U-12 football athletes in Malaysia. This study was divided into three tests which included standing broad jump, 30m sprint and 10m agility shuttle test. Twenty-six U12 elite football players were equally assigned in this study. This study uses a correlational test design which is Pearson Correlation to evaluate the relationship between standing broad jump with 30m sprint and 10m agility shuttle test. The result for correlation between standing broad jump and 30m sprint shown a non-significant correlation, (r=-.368, p=.064) while the result for correlation between standing broad jump and 10m agility shuttle test shown a significant correlation, (r=-.570, p=.002). Overall, this research highlighted that agility was affected by explosive strength while sprint was not affected by explosive strength among U12 football players in Malaysia.
Adding household surveys to the behavioral economics toolbox: insights from the SOEP innovation sample

While laboratory and field experiments are the major items in the toolbox of behavioral economists, household panel studies can complement them and expand their research potential. We introduce the German Socio-Economic Panel’s Innovation Sample (SOEP-IS), which offers researchers detailed panel data and the possibility to collect personalized experimental and survey data for free. We discuss what SOEP-IS can offer to behavioral economists and illustrate a set of design ideas with examples. Although we build our discussion on SOEP-IS, our purpose is to provide a guide that can be generalized to other household panel studies as well.
A cost‐efficient path to utilize coal via solid oxide fuel cells and alkali metal thermoelectric converters

In addition to directly burning in firepower plants, coal can be alternatively gasified into gaseous carbon monoxide and then fed into solid oxide fuel cells for efficient power generation. Carbon monoxide solid oxide fuel cells (CO‐SOFCs) not only avoid the drawbacks of expensive hydrogen fuel but also facilitate carbon dioxide's separation and enrichment. In this paper, an integrated system is first presented to efficiently recycle the waste heat released from CO‐SOFCs via alkali metal thermoelectric converters (AMTECs) for additional electricity generation. Key performance indicators such as power density and energy efficiency are mathematically expressed by including the heat‐transfer losses between heat sources and AMTEC. The maximum power density of the integrated system gains 18% improvement compared with that of the sole CO‐SOFC. The maximum efficiency can reach 60.84%. The optimum ranges of the current density, efficiency, and power density for the whole integrated system are determined. Furthermore, the influences of the fuel cell temperature on the optimum ranges are also studied. The correlations between the critical parameters and the maximum power density and efficiency of the system are revealed. The maximum power density and efficiency as well as the corresponding parameters are calculated numerically. The findings show that waste heat can be recycled efficiently by employing AMTECs.
Perfectionism and its role in depressive disorders.

Perfectionism is a personality style that has been described for decades as highly relevant to depression. Over the past 30 years, our work, as well as the work of other Canadian and international researchers, has attempted to understand the cause and maintenance of perfectionism and the role that this pernicious personality style plays in predisposing individuals to various problems, such as depression. In the present article, we outline our multidimensional and multilevel descriptive model of perfectionism and summarize several models of perfectionism and depression that we have focused on over the years, both from a diathesis–stress perspective and from a more complex developmental and relational perspective. We, then, outline the extant research that we and others have conducted based on these models and conclude by providing a description of and evidence for a dynamic-relational treatment of perfectionism that functions to reduce depressive symptoms and vulnerability to depression. Our article underscores the importance of perfectionism by discussing how it is involved both directly in creating a predisposition to depression and indirectly in precluding accessing, initiating, and benefitting from depression treatment.
On the number of τ -tilting modules over the Auslander algebras of radical square zero Nakayama algebras

Let Λ n be a radical square zero Nakayama algebra with n simple modules and Γ n the Auslander algebra of Λ n . We calculate the number j τ - tilt Γ n j of τ -tilting modules and the number j s τ - tilt Γ n j of support τ -tilting modules over Γ n . In particular, we prove that there are recurrence relations: from which the exact values of j τ - tilt Γ n j and j s τ - tilt Γ n j are derived. Mathematics
Power converter with low-voltage stress on the switching devices for renewable energy applications

DC-DC power converters play an important role as interfaces between renewable energy sources and specific applications in AC or DC power systems. In particular, PEM fuel cells are attractive generation systems; unfortunately, they deliver a low and unregulated output voltage. Several converter configurations have been proposed for this application; however, a major drawback is the voltage stress over the active and passive switches are high, then devices with higher capabilities are required. In this work, an alternative high step-up voltage converter configuration is shown. This configuration is based on a quadratic boost converter with a capacitor-inductor-diode network for reducing voltage stress over the switches. A controller for the switching regulator using average current-mode control is proposed. Experimental results are shown using a laboratory prototype delivering an output voltage of 220 V and an output power of 400 W. Step load changes are applied to exhibit the robustness of the switching regulator.
Applications of Social Attribution Theory in XAI

: A major problem facing artiﬁcial intelligence ethics is how to give AI the status of the agent and gain the trust of human beings. This is accompanied by the rise of Explanatory AI (XAI). The social attribution theory (SAT) started from the perception experiment of Hyde and others, then psychologists conducted a long-term analysis of the causes and reasons of human intentional action, and Mahler built a complete social psychological attribution model from this. Because SAT is based on action analysis, it can reﬂect its vast application potential in XAI, including the interpretation of artiﬁcial agent action, interpretation of beliefs and other folk psychology concepts, analysis of group intelligence, and the construction of normative agent action and the corresponding ethical explanation. These explorations can provide new ideas for XAI.
Pull-In Instability Of Micro-Switch Actuators: Model Review

The existing three widely used pull-in theoretical models (i.e., one-dimensional lumped model, linear supposition model and planar model) are compared with the nonlinear beam mode in this paper by considering both cantilever and fixed-fixed type micro and nano-switches. It is found that the error of the pull-in parameters between one-dimensional lumped model and the nonlinear beam model is large because the denominator of the electrostatic force is minimal when the electrostatic force is computed at the maximum deflection along the beam. Since both the linear superposition model and the slender planar model consider the variation of electrostatic force with the beam's deflection, these two models not only are of the same type but also own little error of the pull-in parameters with the nonlinear beam model, the error brought by these two models attributes to that the boundary conditions are not completely satisfied when computing the numerical integration of the deflection.
Can in-vehicle touchscreens be operated with zero visual demand? An exploratory driving simulator study

There has been a rapid increase in the use of in-vehicle touch screens over the last decade, particularly for infotainment functions. However, one of the main concerns in the use of in-vehicle touchscreens whilst driving is visual distraction. Previous work has focused on extreme distraction for touchscreens (many/long glances away from the road). Here, we are motivated to understand how touchscreens can be designed to potentially be used with no off-road glances at all. An exploratory study conducted within a right-hand drive medium-fidelity driving simulator aimed to investigate whether certain combinations of button size, location and contrast for touchscreen menu buttons could be used with zero visual demand. Twenty-four participants drove along a UK motorway, were presented with one button at a time on a touchscreen located within the centre console and were asked to press the button as quickly and as accurately as possible using their left hand. The highest visual demand (mean 1.02 glances/task) arose for the smallest buttons (2x2cm) whereas the lowest visual demand (mean 0.52 glances/task) was associated with the largest buttons (14x14cm). Location and contrast had little effect on results. Therefore, it is concluded that zero visual demand can arise in nearly 50% of occurrences with very large (>14cm width) single press buttons.
Model Prediction and Pulse Optimal Modulation of Electrically Excited Synchronous Motor at Low Switching Frequency

In this paper, in order to improve the control performance of a high-power electrically excited synchronous motor (EESM) under low switching frequency, and to improve the poor dynamic response of the traditional selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHEPWM) strategy, an optimized pulse width modulation (PWM) pulse mode with specific harmonic elimination and good dynamic performance is studied. Based on the fast response characteristics of predictive control, it combines the rolling time domain optimization theory with SHEPWM strategy. Firstly, the stator flux linkage of EESM is taken as the tracking target, and the real-time tracking error value of flux linkage is transformed into a voltage-second product; then, the predictive rolling time domain is established, the above error voltage-second product value is optimized in this time domain and the switching angle of SHEPWM is dynamically adjusted to minimize the stator tracking error so as to realize the dynamic adjustment of EESM at low switching frequency. Through MATLAB simulation and a 50 kW experimental platform, the optimized modulation strategy proposed in this paper has been verified to have good dynamic regulation performance at low switching frequency (≈500 Hz).
Identification of Sex Differentiation-Related microRNAs in Spinach Female and Male Flower

Sex determination and differentiation is an important biological process for unisexual flower development. Spinach is a model plant to study the mechanism of sex determination and differentiation of dioecious plant. Till now, little is known about spinach sex determination and differentiation mechanism. MicroRNAs are key factors in flower development. Herein, small RNA sequencing was performed to explore the roles of microRNAs in spinach sex determination and differentiation. As a result, 92 known and 3402 novel microRNAs were identified in 18 spinach female and male flower samples. 74 differentially expressed microRNAs were identified between female and male flowers, including 20 female-biased and 48 male-biased expression microRNAs. Target prediction identified 22 sex-biased microRNA-target pairs, which may be involved in spinach sex determination or differentiation. Among the differentially expressed microRNAs between FNS and M03, 55 microRNAs were found to reside in sex chromosome; one of them, sol-miR2550n, was functionally studied via genetic transformation. Silencing of sol-miR2550n resulted in abnormal anther while overexpression of sol-miR2550n induced early flowering, indicating sol-miR2550n was a male-promoting factor and validating the reliability of our small RNA sequencing data. Conclusively, this work can supply valuable information for exploring spinach sex determination and differentiation and provide a new insight in studying unisexual flower development.
Faktor jurulatih mempengaruhi keberkesanan latihan: Satu kajian empirikal di Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia

Pembangunan sumber manusia terutamanya latihan banyak menghuraikan tentang betapa pentingnya latihan di dalam sesebuah organisai.Oleh itu, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberkesanan latihan perlu dititikberatkan agar tidak berlakunya pembaziran.Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengukur perkaitan di antara keberkesanan latihan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya iaitu faktor jurulatih dengan menggunakan 105 borang soalselidik yang diisi dengan lengkap oleh kakitangan di Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia.Dapatan analisa regresi digunakan untuk mengkaji kekuatan hubungan antara pembolehubah bebas iaitu faktor jurulatih dengan pembolehubah bersandar iaitu keberkesanan latihan. Secara amnya, dapatan kajian ini mengesahkan bahawa faktor jurulatih amat mempengaruhi keberkesanan latihan.Selanjutnya, implikasi dan perbincangan kajian turut dihuraikan dalam kertas kajian ini.
Comparison of Electric Generators used for Wind Generation

The main objective of this paper is to document the comparative and absolute advantages and disadvantages of using SRG's, PMSG's and DFIG's in wind generation. Also, we will present the most common characteristics of each machine regarding its control and operation, as well as some collateral considerations about the implementation of each machine; for instance, costs, use of power electronics, interconnection issues, etc. Finally, we will show a comparative table that can be used during the
Correlation Analysis and Path Analysis for Yield and its Components in Hulless Barley

In this study, 22 hulless barley genotypes in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications were harvested in Ardabil. After harvest the researchers evaluate the factors affecting the performance traits, plant height, tiller number total , fertile tillers, length of main spike, days to heading, days to maturity, chaff weight, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, number of seeds per main spike and yield were measured. Analysis of variance showed significant differences between genotypes and also between genotype and environment interaction. In this study genetic correlation for relationships between variables were used instead of phenotypic correlation. The results of correlation analysis for the performance of the genetic traits of the remaining ridge regression model showed that the most direct effect of number of seeds per main spike for performance won which means that to achieve high performance of this attribute can be used, but the maximum direct effect of this trait through fertile tillers was applied in phenotypic correlation. The maximum direct effect was related to harvest index. The maximum direct negative effect on performance was related to the days to heading.
Fallopian Tube Originating Ovarian Cancer in a 53-Year-Old Postmenopausal Female With Hereditary Breast Cancer (BRCA) Genes: A Case Study

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecologic malignancy, but it is the deadliest of the gynecologic cancers. Out of 21,410 new cases of ovarian cancer in the United States in 2021, more than half were fatal. In this case study, a 53-year-old sexually active postmenopausal patient with a family history of breast cancer presented to her gynecologist for an annual exam. Given the patient’s family history and breast cancer mutations, malignancy was a concern that had to be addressed. Elective bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy of the patient revealed ovarian serous carcinoma originating from the fallopian tubes. Historically, fallopian tube carcinoma was presumed to be rare, though many high-grade serous carcinomas previously classified as advanced ovarian carcinomas are now believed to have actually originated from the fallopian tubes. This case study adds to the body of evidence that many high-grade carcinomas have fallopian tube origins. This emerging perspective of ovarian cancer’s origin provides healthcare workers and the scientific community a more complete picture of the etiologies and dissemination pattern of ovarian cancer. We hope this study will help physicians have a more extensive knowledge base of such a disease when looking for risk factors and taking care of their patients.
KL-6 as a Biomarker of Interstitial Lung Disease Development in Patients with Sjögren Syndrome: A Retrospective Case–Control Study

Objective Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is expressed on regenerating type II pneumocytes and has been recognized as biomarkers in interstitial lung disease (ILD). We aim to identify the role of the serum KL-6 level in patients with newly diagnosed Sjögren syndrome (SS), as well as the correlation between the immunoassays. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed SS and receiving HRCT for clinical reason during follow-up were included. Baseline KL-6 level was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and latex particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (LETIA). Results Of the 39 patients, 21 (53.85%) developed interstitial lung disease (ILD) by the conclusion of the follow-up period. The median time to diagnosis of ILD was 2.24 years (IQR 1.15–4.34) in the ILD group. The median serum KL-6 level, measured using ELISA, was 1232 U/mL (IQR 937–2242) and 764.5 U/mL (IQR 503.25–1035.75) in the ILD group and the non-ILD group, respectively (p = 0.001). The median LETIA for serum KL-6 was 329 U/mL (IQR 235–619) and 245 U/mL (IQR 215.25–291) in the ILD group and the non-ILD group, respectively (p = 0.074). Conclusion Serum KL-6 levels were higher in newly diagnosed SS patients with ILD diagnosis during follow-up. Thus, the serum KL-6 level can serve as a valuable biomarker to identify hidden ILD in patients with newly diagnosed SS patients. However, the immunoassay procedure may influence the efficacy of the prediction and its clinical association.