Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the interictal epileptiform discharge source connectivity and cortical structural couplings in temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the relation between interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) source connectivity and cortical structural couplings (SCs) in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods High-resolution 3D-MRI and 32-sensor EEG data from 59 patients with TLE were collected. Principal component analysis was performed on the morphological data on MRI to obtain the cortical SCs. IEDs were labeled from EEG data and averaged. The standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography analysis was performed to locate the source of the average IEDs. Phase-locked value was used to evaluate the IED source connectivity. Finally, correlation analysis was used to compare the IED source connectivity and the cortical SCs. Results The features of the cortical morphology in left and right TLE were similar across four cortical SCs, which could be mainly described as the default mode network, limbic regions, connections bilateral medial temporal, and connections through the ipsilateral insula. The IED source connectivity at the regions of interest was negatively correlated with the corresponding cortical SCs. Significance The cortical SCs were confirmed to be negatively related to IED source connectivity in patients with TLE as detected with MRI and EEG coregistered data. These findings suggest the important role of intervening IEDs in treating TLE.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on relapse of individuals with severe mental illness and their caregiver's burden

Background The implementation of quarantine and social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic led to restrictions at the community level and most of in-person psychiatric services were discontinued. This situation could affect the psychopathology of the patients and the burden of their caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on people with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and their caregivers' burden. Method The study sample consisted of 86 patients with severe mental illness and 86 caregivers. The mental status, relapse rate, and rehospitalization rate of the patients and the general health status and burden of caregivers were investigated in three waves, including before and 3 and 6 months after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The relapse rate of the patients was 14%, 33.7%, and 43% (p = 0.000) and the rehospitalization rate was 4.7%, 7%, and 10.5% in waves 0, 1, and 2, respectively (p = 0.000). Most of the psychopathological scales increased in three waves (p = 0.000). The caregivers' burden and health condition worsened during the nine months of the study as well (p = 0.000). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic led to the exacerbation of symptoms and increased the relapse rate in people with SMIs. It also worsened the caregivers' condition. People with severe mental illnesses (SMIs) and their caregivers are one of the most vulnerable groups on which the COVID-19 pandemic had a marked negative effect.
From perception to behavior: The neural circuits underlying prey hunting in larval zebrafish

A key challenge for neural systems is to extract relevant information from the environment and make appropriate behavioral responses. The larval zebrafish offers an exciting opportunity for studying these sensing processes and sensory-motor transformations. Prey hunting is an instinctual behavior of zebrafish that requires the brain to extract and combine different attributes of the sensory input and form appropriate motor outputs. Due to its small size and transparency the larval zebrafish brain allows optical recording of whole-brain activity to reveal the neural mechanisms involved in prey hunting and capture. In this review we discuss how the larval zebrafish brain processes visual information to identify and locate prey, the neural circuits governing the generation of motor commands in response to prey, how hunting behavior can be modulated by internal states and experience, and some outstanding questions for the field.
Localized activity attenuates the combined impact of a high fat meal and prolonged sitting on arterial stiffness: A randomized, controlled cross-over trial

Exposure to acute prolonged sitting and consumption of a high fat (HF) meal have been shown to independently and additively impair central and peripheral cardiovascular function. This study sought to determine whether localized activity, namely leg fidgeting, offers a protective effect to these deleterious effects. Using a randomized crossover design with three trials, 18 healthy males sat uninterrupted for 180 min following the consumption of a low fat (LF, trial 1) or HF meal (trial 2). The third trial consisted of a HF meal but sitting was interrupted with 1 min of leg fidgeting (isolated bilateral plantar flexion) consisting of −250 taps per min every 5 min for the 180 min duration. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), aortic-femoral stiffness gradient (af-SG), superficial femoral blood flow, shear-rate and PWVβ, triglyceride concentrations and lower-limb venous pooling (HHb) were assessed pre and post sitting in all trials. General linear mixed model found that following the uninterrupted HF trial, there was a significant worsening of cfPWV (mean difference (MD) = 0.57 mˑs−1; d = 1.04) and the af-SG (MD = 0.14, d = 0.50), and femoral artery blood flow (MD = 18 mlˑmin−1; d = 0.48) and shear rate (MD = 15 S1; d = 0.67) decreased. However, leg fidgeting was enough to prevent the combined deleterious effects of prolonged sitting following a HF meal. As there were no significant changes in the LF trial, the HF meal maybe the predominant driver when uninterrupted sitting is combined with a HF meal.
Neural correlates of subjective cognitive decline in adults at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease

Introduction Recently, interest has emerged in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) as a potential precursor to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. Whether individuals with SCD harbor brain alterations in midlife, when AD-related pathology begins, is yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, the role of apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) allele, a robust AD risk factor, in the relationship between SCD and brain alterations is unknown. We examined whether APOE genotype modulates the association of SCD with brain measures in individuals at high AD risk. Methods Middle-aged adults with parental history of AD dementia underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire. Regression analysis tested the extent to which SCD was associated with activation during an functional MRI (fMRI) working-memory task, and white-matter microstructure. APOE ε4 genotype was tested as a moderator. Results Among APOE ε4 carriers, but not among non-carriers, SCD was associated with higher activation in the anterior cingulate (p = 0.003), inferior, middle, and superior frontal cortices (p = 0.041, p = 0.048, p = 0.037, respectively); and with lower fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus (p = 0.002), adjusting for age, sex, and education. Conclusion In middle aged, cognitively normal individuals at high AD risk, higher SCD was associated with greater brain alterations possibly reflecting incipient AD pathology. When accompanied by a family history of AD and an APOE ε4 allele, SCD may have important clinical value, allowing a window for early intervention and for participants’ stratification in AD prevention clinical trials.
Single-Photon Interference in Sidebands of Phase-Modulated Light for Quantum Cryptography

We report single-photon interference in the sidebands of modulated light. The relative phase of interacting quantum states is reliably controlled by the phase of a low-frequency modulating signal. We show how this type of interference can be used to build a robust system for quantum cryptography. An experiment was implemented at 1540 nm, over a 20-km-long standard single-mode fiber, using a germanium singlephoton avalanche photodiode.
L-carnitine attenuated hyperuricemia-associated left ventricular remodeling through ameliorating cardiomyocytic lipid deposition

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is associated with left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and thereby causes the initiation and development of a large number of cardiovascular diseases. LVR is typically accompanied by cardiomyocyte energy metabolic disorder. The energy supply of cardiomyocytes is provided by glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism. Currently, the effect of HUA on cardiomyocytic FA metabolism is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that UA-induced cardiomyocyte injury is associated with cytoplasmic lipid deposition, which can be ameliorated by the FA metabolism-promoting drug L-carnitine (LC). UA suppresses carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1B (CPT1B), thereby inhibiting FA transport into the mitochondrial inner matrix for elimination. LC intervention can ameliorate HUA-associated left ventricular anterior wall thickening in mice. This study showed that FA transport dysfunction plays is a critical mechanism in both cardiomyocytic injury and HUA-associated LVR and promoting cytoplasmic FA transportation through pharmacological treatment by LC is a valid strategy to attenuate HUA-associated LVR.
An integrated study of hormone-related sarcopenia for modeling and comparative transcriptome in rats

Sarcopenia is a senile disease with high morbidity, serious complications and limited clinical treatments. Menopause increases the risk of sarcopenia in females, while the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. To systematically investigate the development of hormone-related sarcopenia, we established a model of sarcopenia by ovariectomy and recorded successive characteristic changes. Furthermore, we performed the transcriptome RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on this model to explore the underlying mechanism. In our study, we identified an integrated model combining obesity, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Functional enrichment analyses showed that most of the significantly enriched pathways were down-regulated and closely correlated with endocrine and metabolism, muscle dysfunction, cognitive impairment and multiple important signaling pathways. We finally selected eight candidate genes to verify their expression levels. These findings confirmed the importance of estrogen in the maintenance of skeletal muscle function and homeostasis, and provided potential targets for further study on hormone-related sarcopenia.
Tropical cyclone size estimation based on deep learning using infrared and microwave satellite data

Tropical cyclone (TC) size is an important parameter for estimating TC risks such as wind damage, rainfall distribution, and storm surge. Satellite observation data are the primary data used to estimate TC size. Traditional methods of TC size estimation rely on a priori knowledge of the meteorological domain and emerging deep learning-based methods do not consider the considerable blurring and background noise in TC cloud systems and the application of multisource observation data. In this paper, we propose TC-Resnet, a deep learning-based model that estimates 34-kt wind radii (R34, commonly used as a measure of TC size) objectively by combining infrared and microwave satellite data. We regarded the resnet-50 model as the basic framework and embedded a convolution layer with a 5 × 5 convolution kernel on the shortcut branch in its residual block for downsampling to avoid the information loss problem of the original model. We also introduced a combined channel-spatial dual attention mechanism to suppress the background noise of TC cloud systems. In an R34 estimation experiment based on a global TC dataset containing 2003–2017 data, TC-Resnet outperformed existing methods of TC size estimation, obtaining a mean absolute error of 11.287 nmi and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.907.
A phylogenomic study of Iridaceae Juss. based on complete plastid genome sequences

The plastid genome has proven to be an effective tool for examining deep correlations in plant phylogenetics, owing to its highly conserved structure, uniparental inheritance, and limited variation in evolutionary rates. Iridaceae, comprising more than 2,000 species, includes numerous economically significant taxa that are frequently utilized in food industries and medicines and for ornamental and horticulture purposes. Molecular studies on chloroplast DNA have confirmed the position of this family in the order Asparagales with non-asparagoids. The current subfamilial classification of Iridaceae recognizes seven subfamilies—Isophysioideae, Nivenioideae, Iridoideae, Crocoideae, Geosiridaceae, Aristeoideae, and Patersonioideae—which are supported by limited plastid DNA regions. To date, no comparative phylogenomic studies have been conducted on the family Iridaceae. We assembled and annotated (de novo) the plastid genomes of 24 taxa together with seven published species representing all the seven subfamilies of Iridaceae and performed comparative genomics using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The plastomes of the autotrophic Iridaceae represent 79 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and four rRNA genes, with lengths ranging from 150,062 to 164,622 bp. The phylogenetic analysis of the plastome sequences based on maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses suggested that Watsonia and Gladiolus were closely related, supported by strong support values, which differed considerably from recent phylogenetic studies. In addition, we identified genomic events, such as sequence inversions, deletions, mutations, and pseudogenization, in some species. Furthermore, the largest nucleotide variability was found in the seven plastome regions, which can be used in future phylogenetic studies. Notably, three subfamilies—Crocoideae, Nivenioideae, and Aristeoideae—shared a common ycf2 gene locus deletion. Our study is a preliminary report of a comparative study of the complete plastid genomes of 7/7 subfamilies and 9/10 tribes, elucidating the structural characteristics and shedding light on plastome evolution and phylogenetic relationships within Iridaceae. Additionally, further research is required to update the relative position of Watsonia within the tribal classification of the subfamily Crocoideae.
Some peculiarities of the energy level, photoelectron and photoexcitation spectra of the atoms with a half-filled shell

The specific features of the atoms with a half-filled shell following from the existence of two classes of its wavefunctions as well as determined by its 2ℓ+2S ground term are considered. The explicit expressions for the photoionization and photoexcitation cross sections for transitions involving such a shell are derived. They are used for a consideration of the spectral regularities of some atoms with p3, d5 and f7 shells.
A comparison on efficient MA parameter estimation using second and fourth order statistics for communication channels

In this paper we consider efficient and simple, yet reliable parameter estimation techniques for time-varying communications channels. It is noted that in usual communication channel signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) is reasonably high (>30dB) and thus second order autocorrelation based methods provide efficient moving average (MA) parameter estimation using a very small number of samples, which is useful in time-varying channels. However, most communication channel scenarios consist of nonminimum phase (NMP) multipath characteristic. Therefore, it is necessary to use 4th order cumulant in conjunction with the second order statistics for the channel estimation. Efficient channel estimation by the combination of 2nd and 4th order statistics is discussed in this paper.
Sliding mode control and a variable structure system observer as a dual problem for systems with non-linear uncertainties

Sliding mode control is described for continuous-time systems with uncertain nonlinear elements, in which the euclidean norm of the unknown element is bounded by a known value. For a case of complete state information, we first consider a sliding mode controller consisting of three parts: a linear state feedback control, an equivalent input and a min-max control. It is then shown that the present attractiveness condition is simpler than that for a case without using the concept of equivalent input. We next derive a variable structure system (VSS) observer as a completely dual form to the sliding mode controller. The attractiveness condition is also simpler than that for a case an equivalent term is not used, but a more severe assumption is required to solve such a VSS observer. Finally, we discuss a case of incomplete state information by applying the VSS observer.
NOMA-UAV Networks via Updating Decoding Order Joint Location and Transmit Power Optimization for

—Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be combined with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to achieve better performance. However, jointly optimizing the location, transmit power and decoding order for NOMA-UAV networks remains difﬁcult, due to the change of decoding order as a result of UAV mobility. In this letter, a low-complexity scheme is proposed to maximize the sum rate of NOMA-UAV networks via updating decoding order, which can be decomposed into two steps. First, the joint location and power optimization can be divided into two non-convex sub-problems, which are further approximated via successive convex optimization. Then, the decoding order is updated according to the optimized UAV location. An iterative algorithm is proposed to execute the two steps alternately. In addition, the asymptotic performance is analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Similarity in the Light of Evolutionary Theory

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Exploring Meta-Data Associations with Bungee View

A BSTRACT Bungee View is designed to support non-technical users in familiar document searching and browsing tasks while introducing the unfamiliar task of discovering patterns in the documents’ meta-data. Two expert-oriented features were added for the InfoVis contest to support hypothesis testing and discovery of patterns involving multiple attribute values. Most of the contest questions were answered in the negative, or with only weak associations. Stronger associations of potential interest were observed in the course of analysis. The accompanying video documents the analysis, while this document explains the design decisions behind Bungee View.
Circumstellar Disk Candidates Identified in NGC 2264

We present an optical and near-infrared study of a 45′ × 45′ field in NGC 2264, which includes both S Mon and the Cone Nebula. We report photometry at optical (UBVRCIC) and near-infrared (JHK) wavelengths for ∼5600 stars and spectroscopic classifications for ∼400 of these stars. We identify circumstellar disk candidates using three techniques: excess ultraviolet (U-V) emission, excess near-IR (I-K and H-K) emission, and Hα emission-line equivalent widths for those stars with spectra. We find generally good correlation between disk indicators thought to originate from different physical processes. We find little if any evolution of disk fraction with stellar age or mass. However, when we derive mass accretion rates () from the excess emission at U, we find that decreases with age over the age range spanned by our data, ∼0.1–5 Myr, and increases with mass over the range ∼0.25–1 M⊙. These findings are comparable to results found previously by us in the Orion Nebula cluster flanking fields.
Measurement of the B0 Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at √s=7 TeV

Measurements of the differential production cross sections in transverse momentum and rapidity for B0 mesons produced in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV are presented. The dataset used was collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 40 inverse picobarns. The production cross section is measured from B0 meson decays reconstructed in the exclusive final state J/Psi K-short, with the subsequent decays J/Psi to mu^+ mu^- and K-short to pi^+ pi^-. The total cross section for pt(B0) > 5 GeV and y(B0) < 2.2 is measured to be 33.2 +/- 2.5 +/- 3.5 microbarns, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Psychovisual aspects of viewing stereoscopic video sequences

In comparison to conventional displays, 3D stereoscopic displays convey additional information about the 3D structure of a scene by providing information that can be used to extract depth. In the present study we evaluated the psychovisual impact of stereoscopic images on viewers. Thirty-three non-expert viewers rated sensation of depth, perceived sharpness, subjective image quality, and relative preference for stereoscopic over non-stereoscopic images. Rating methods were based on procedures described in ITU- Rec. 500. Viewers also rated sequences in which the left- and right-eye images were processed independently, using a generic MPEG-2 codec, at bit-rates of 6, 3, and 1 Mbits/s. The main finding was that viewers preferred the stereoscopic version over the non-stereoscopic version of the sequences, provided that the sequence did not contain noticeable stereo artifacts, such as exaggerated disparity. Perceived depth was rated greater for stereoscopic than for non-stereoscopic sequences, and perceived sharpness of stereoscopic sequences was rated the same or lower compared to non-stereoscopic sequences. Subjective image quality was influenced primarily by apparent sharpness of the video sequences, and less so by perceived depth.
Theoretical Study of the Interplay of Superconductivity and Magnetism in FeAs Based Superconductors

The interaction of superconductivity and magnetism is studied in iron based superconductor using the Hamiltonian consisting of the itinerant electrons, localized electrons moment, and s-f interaction. Using Greens function technique and equation of motion method, we have obtained an expressions for superconducting order parameters (△(T), △(0)) and critical temperature TC, which reduce to BCS result in the absence of magnetic interactions. The result of the calculations shows that superconductivity can coexist with magnetism in iron based superconductor below the critical temperature.