Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved multi-level capability in Si3N4-based resistive switching memory using continuous gradual reset switching

In this letter, we compare three different types of reset switching behavior in a bipolar resistive random-access memory (RRAM) system that is housed in a Ni/Si3N4/Si structure. The abrupt, step-like gradual and continuous gradual reset transitions are largely determined by the low-resistance state (LRS). For abrupt reset switching, the large conducting path shows ohmic behavior or has a weak nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) characteristics in the LRS. For gradual switching, including both the step-like and continuous reset types, trap-assisted direct tunneling is dominant in the low-voltage regime, while trap-assisted Fowler–Nordheim tunneling is dominant in the high-voltage regime, thus causing nonlinear I–V characteristics. More importantly, we evaluate the multi-level capabilities of the two different gradual switching types, including both step-like and continuous reset behavior, using identical and incremental voltage conditions. Finer control of the conductance level with good uniformity is achieved in continuous gradual reset switching when compared to that in step-like gradual reset switching. For continuous reset switching, a single conducting path, which initially has a tunneling gap, gradually responds to pulses with even and identical amplitudes, while for step-like reset switching, the multiple conducting paths only respond to incremental pulses to obtain effective multi-level states.
Ionone: The Molecule that Shaped the History of Western Civilization

Cleopatra VII (69–30 BC) was the last Ptolemaic ruler of Hellenistic Egypt (the Dynasty was started upon the death of Alexander the Great by Ptolemy the Savior, one of his generals or body guards, and ended with the death of Cleopatra and the Roman conquest in 30 BC). The Queen is probably best known for her love affairs with Julius Caesar (10044 BC) and then Marcus Antonius (83-30 BC). Rightly or wrongly she became the epitome of shrewd seduction, leading brave Roman commanders on a path to debauchery and destruction. Among the customs of the time was the heavy use of perfumes. The sails of the ship on which Cleopatra received Marcus Antonius, we are told by Enobarbus in Shakespeare’s eponymous play, were soaked in fragrances: Purple the sails and so perfumed that the winds were lovesick. Cleopatra’s willingness to please went beyond the external use of perfumes; attributed to her is the ingestion of small amounts of turpentine [the resin of the terebinth tree (Pistacia terebinthus)] or of the derived oil (Oleum terebinthinae) with the purpose of conferring to her urine a more pleasing scent reminding of violets (Figure 1). In his textbook of pediatrics John Apley (19081980) states I have sniffed a smell like violets in the urine of a child who drank turpentine, as Cleopatra of Egypt did for that effect (1,2).
AI ethical biases: normative and information systems development conceptual framework

ABSTRACT Alongside the revolutionary benefits of AI, it can cause numerous problems across the system development process. AI ecosytem players have recently started to interrogate the ethical biases implicit in AI-enabled applications and agents. The contestable nature of ethics and the complexity of AI-enabled applications has led to incoherent literature around AI ethical biases. The numerous conceptions of AI ethics and a multiplicity of ethical biases has compounded matters for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. The current study proposes a conceptual framework to organize AI ethical biases. A narrative literature review was conducted to identify and group the biases into data biases, method biases and implementation biases. The CRISP-DM framework was used to classify the ethical biases. The emerging conceptual framework has four clusters that represents: System development phases, scope of ethical bias, exemplars, and possible solutions. The study extends the existing AI ethical frameworks and provides a unified communication artefact for practitioners.
Fast-transient DC–DC converter with hysteresis prediction voltage control

This study presents a hysteresis prediction voltage control (HPVC) technique based on a predictive control method with early actions to solve ringing circumstances and to alleviate transient ripples. A dc-dc converter switches from a voltage-controlled pulse width modulation mode to the proposed HPVC mode during transient. Hence, the dc-dc converter has a fast transient response when its load current varies. The converter also keeps constant switching frequency during the steady state. The ringing, recovery time and transient ripples can be effectively reduced without paying a price of increasing the output capacitor of the power converter. A prototype chip with the proposed HPVC technique was implemented in a 0.35-μm CMOS technology. The experimental results show that the recovery time is less than 10 μs for a 400-mA load current change.
Modeling and Experimental Validation of Bi-Stable Beam Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

Abstract We have previously proposed a bi-stable nonlinear oscillator based piezoelectric energy harvester to address the challenges of low-frequency, low-g vibration energy harvesting at MEMS scale. The compressive residual stress in micro-fabricated thin films could be employed to induce buckling in doubly clamped beams. The buckled beams with two equilibriums can snap through at low frequencies and enhance the power generation. This paper focuses on the modeling of the dynamics of the bi-stable oscillator based energy harvesters. An electromechanical lumped model has been built by Lagrange’s formulation and lumped parameters have been solved explicitly. More particularly, the model considers multi-layer thin films and the residual stress in these films, to be readily applicable to MEMS device design. Harmonic functions as the approximate solutions have been used to analytically solve for the frequency responses of the nonlinear oscillations. Two modes of oscillations predicted by the analytical model have been validated by testing a meso-scale prototype.
BIDIRECTIONAL CURRENT FLOW STRATEGY FOR RENEWABLE REGULATOR WITH ENERGY STORAGE

The traditional DAB ripper tools is affected with relatively poor efficiency at low power because of high switching and drive losses, hence the requirement for a passionate low-power mode. The converters are digitally controlled utilizing an onboard field-programmable gate array. It's proven that by modifying one switch, the DAB ripper tools can operate like a two-transistor flyback to solve both of these issues. Additionally, the electricity-link current within the two-stage MIV could be dynamically adjusted for optimal performance in DAB mode. This paper targets photovoltaic micro-inverters (MIVs) with integrated battery storage. An average PV generator spends greater than sixty-six per cent of times operating below 50% of their rated power. The twin-active-bridge (DAB) topology provides bidirectional power flow however; it generally is affected with poor efficiency and limited regulation precision at low power. The suggested dual-mode control plan is shown experimentally on the 100-W prototype, with as many as 8% rise in ripper tools efficiency at low power.
Effects of Bamboo Leaf Extract Supplementation on Heterophil, Lymphocyte, and Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio of Broiler Chickens

This experiment was conducted to assess the effects of bamboo leaf extract (BLE) supplementation on heterophil, lymphocyte, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio of broiler chickens. A total of 90 one-day-old Cobb broilers were randomly allocated to 5 treatments with 3 replicates of 6 broilers each. The treatments were T1) BLE-free control diet (control); T2) control + 100 ppm BLE; T3) control + 300 ppm BLE; T4) control + 500 ppm BLE; and T5) control + 700 ppm BLE. The experiment lasted for 35 days. All birds did not get any vaccinations. Blood samples were collected on day 21 and day 35. Results showed that on day 21, T2 had lower heterophil than other treatments with the highest at T1, based on average level (p> 0.05). T5 showed higher lymphocyte levels and the lowest at T2 than other treatments. Meanwhile, on day 35, the lowest level of heterophils was still at T2. The highest lymphocyte levels were at T4 and the lowest was at T3. Control diet with 500 ppm bamboo leaf extract (T4) showed that bamboo leaf extract reduced the heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Flavonoids and vitamin C in bamboo leaf extract improved the lymphocyte levels and decreased the heterophil levels which affected the H/L ratio value.
Setting Work Zone Speed Limits

to develop and implement innovative methods, materials, and technologies for improving transportation efficiency, safety, and reliability while improving the learning environment of students, faculty, and staff in transportation-related fields. Through this pooled-fund study, researchers investigate better ways of controlling traffic through work zones. Their goal is to improve the safety and efficiency of traffic operations and highway work. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the information presented herein. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the sponsors. The sponsors assume no liability for the contents or use of the information contained in this document. The sponsors do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers' names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. The FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. Federal and state laws prohibit employment and/or public accommodation discrimination on the basis orientation or veteran's status. If you believe you have been discriminated against, please contact the Iowa Civil Rights Commission at 800-457-4416 or the Iowa Department of Transportation affirmative action officer. If you need accommodations because of a disability to access the Iowa Department of Transportation's services, contact the agency's affirmative action officer at 800-262-0003. 16. Abstract Increasing travel demands and an aging highway infrastructure drive the need for extensive construction, maintenance, and utility work zones. The introduction of work zone environments creates risks for both drivers and construction workers due to changes from the normal driving environment. Temporary speed limit reductions are a common countermeasure aimed at improving work zone safety. In theory, reduced speed limits may serve at least three important functions: reduce variability in travel speeds and the potential for work zone crashes, reduce average travel speeds and the severity of crashes when they do occur, and enhance worker safety. Thus, understanding how reducing work zone speed limits impacts travel speeds is an important task. This project evaluates the impacts of speed limit reductions on drivers' speed selection at …
Extreme Learning Machine Approach for Real Time Voltage Stability Monitoring in a Smart Grid System using Synchronized Phasor Measurements

Online voltage stability monitoring using real-time measurements is one of the most important tasks in a smart grid system to maintain the grid stability. Loading margin is a good indicator for assessing the voltage stability level. This paper presents an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) approach for estimation of voltage stability level under credible contingencies using real-time measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). PMUs enable a much higher data sampling rate and provide synchronized measurements of real-time phasors of voltages and currents. Depth First (DF) algorithm is used for optimally placing the PMUs. To make the ELM approach applicable for a large scale power system problem, Mutual information (MI)-based feature selection is proposed to achieve the dimensionality reduction. MI-based feature selection reduces the number of network input features which reduces the network training time and improves the generalization capability. Voltage magnitudes and phase angles received from PMUs are fed as inputs to the ELM model. IEEE 30-bus test system is considered for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for estimating the voltage stability level under various loading conditions considering single line contingencies. Simulation results validate the suitability of the technique for fast and accurate online voltage stability assessment using PMU data.
Live, Genetically Attenuated, Cold-Chain-Free Cholera Vaccine—A Research and Development Journey: Light at the End of a Long Tunnel

Cholera, a diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) O139 and O1 strains, remains a public health problem. The existing World Health Organization (WHO)-licenced, killed, multiple-dose oral cholera vaccines demand ‘cold-chain supply’ at 2 °C–8 °C. Therefore, a live, single-dose, cold-chain-free vaccine would relieve significant bottlenecks and costs of cholera vaccination campaigns. Our cholera vaccine development journey started in 2000 at Universiti Sains Malaysia with isolation of the hemA gene from V. cholerae, followed by development of a gene mutant vaccine candidate VCUSM2 against V. cholerae O139 in 2006. In 2010, VCUSM2 reactogenicity was reduced by replacing its two wild-type ctxA gene copies with mutated ctxA to produce strain VCUSM14. Introducing the hemA gene into VCUSM14 created VCUSM14P, a strain with the 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) prototrophic trait and excellent colonisation and immunological properties (100% protection to wild-type challenged rabbits). It was further refined in Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST University), with completion of single- and repeated-dose toxicity evaluations in 2019 in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, followed by development of a novel cold-chain-free VCUSM14P formulation in 2020. VCUSM14P is unique for its intact cholera toxin B, a known mucosal adjuvant. The built-in adjuvant makes VCUSM14P an ideal vaccine delivery platform for emerging diseases (e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and tuberculosis). Our vaccine formulation mimics natural infection, remains non-reactogenic and immunogenic in vivo, and protects against infection and disease. It will also cost less and be less cumbersome to distribute due to its stability at room temperature. These features could revolutionise the outreach of this and other vaccines to meet global immunisation programmes, particularly in low-resourced areas. The next stage of our journey will be meeting the requisite regulatory requirements to produce the vaccine for rollout to countries where it is most needed.
Outlanders: Loneliness experience of gifted girls

ABSTRACT The purpose of this qualitative research was to explore how gifted girls perceived and coped with loneliness and the relationship between loneliness and giftedness from their perspectives. Participants were four middle-school gifted girls. A loneliness scale was used to select gifted students with a high level of loneliness experience. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant. In addition, they drew pictures of loneliness. Participants associated loneliness with exclusion. They felt like an outlander in their schools due to being treated like a stranger by their peers. Being alone gradually transformed from an imposed state into a choice for the participants. Their loneliness was rooted in their dissimilarities from peers, how they interacted with peers and being unaware of their behavioral problems. The way they coped with loneliness reflected their perceptions of loneliness.
Games in Higher Education

In an age of technological tools ranging from social media to virtual environments higher education institutions need to re-examine the context of their content delivery, creating an opportunity for more realistic learning methodologies across the education spectrum more closely aligned with expectations from the world of work. Today’s learners consists of a cadre of individuals aptly described as “digital natives” (Prensky 2001) whose proclivity for technology adoption is natural as most grew up with access to computing technology and have directly experienced it’s evolutionary path. As such higher education professionals are now challenged to specifically treat with a generation who perceive technology as a natural extension of their daily lives, recognizing that traditional approaches inclusive of e-learning are no longer sufficient to engage their student population.
NORMAL CYCLE GAIT ANALYSIS USING A FORCE PLATE

The purpose of this paper is to perform a biomechanical analysis of a human normal cycle gait of some subjects with a body weight between 55 and 90 kg. The biomechanical analysis is presented to determining ground reaction forces (Fx, Fy, Fz) and moments (Mx, My, Mz) during normal human walking based only on anthropometrical data and a force plate. The pressures sensed by the transducers during a movement are captured on computer, and a graphical display is typically used to provide an indication of the time-history of the reaction forces over the contact surface.
Methodology for Olive Fruit Quality Assessment by Means of a Low-Cost Multispectral Device

The standard methods for determining the quality of olives involve chemical methods that are time-consuming and expensive. These limitations lead growers to homogeneous harvesting based on subjective criteria such as intuition and visual decisions. In recent times, precision agriculture techniques for fruit quality assessment, such as spectroscopy, have been introduced. However, they require expensive equipment, which limit their use to olive mills. This work presents a complete methodology based on a new low-cost multispectral sensor for assessing quality parameters of intact olive fruits. A set of 507 olive samples were analyzed with the proposed device. After data pre-processing, artificial neural network (ANN) models were trained using the 18 reflectance signals acquired by the sensor as input and three olive quality indicators (moisture, acidity, and fat content) as targets. The responses of the ANN models were promising, reaching coefficient-of-determination values of 0.78, 0.86, and 0.62 for fruit moisture, acidity, and fat content, respectively. These results show the suitability of the proposed device for assessing the quality status of intact olive fruits. Its performance, along with its low cost and ease of use, paves the way for the implementation of an olive fruit quality appraisal system that is more affordable for olive growers.
Flash sale and online impulse buying: Mediation effect of emotions

Flash sale (FS) is a marketing strategy that is widely used and developed in sales through e-commerce. The implementation of the FS strategy is to provide discounts or special propositions on products offered within a certain time limit. Time restrictions aim to encourage consumers’ emotions to make impulse buying (IB). This study examines the effect of consumer emotions as a mediating variable on IB among Shoppee consumers in Indonesia caused by FS activities that are not carried out on certain important days. The required data were collected through the distribution of online questionnaires to respondents who, in the last three months, had made transactions through Shoppee e-commerce platform. A total of 150 questionnaires are analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results of the analysis show that the flash sale strategy carried out by the Shoppee e-commerce platform in Indonesia has a direct effect on increasing consumer emotions. This means that the higher the intensity of the FS promotion, the stronger the influence on consumer emotions. Emotions increase IB. FS has no significant effect on increasing IB. Subsequent findings show that FS indirectly has a positive and significant effect on IB through emotions. In other words, this study proves that the emotions are a mediating variable in online IB. This study is helpful for companies in developing appropriate strategies for their promotions in utilizing consumers’ impulse buying behavior by using strategies that trigger consumers’ emotions.
APPLICATION OF FUZZY CLUSTER MEANS FOR DECISION MAKING IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS

This article proposes the use of data mining for evaluating the performance of a cold-rolling plate aiming to infer the maintenance of the equipment by the team. The procedure takes as input a database with samples collected from a lamination process, using multivariate data analysis to assess the dynamics of the system drive of the cylinder mill. Several factors, such as the level of oil in the hydraulic cylinders, may alter the dynamics of the plant, causing loss of efficiency in the lamination of the driver automatically. However, these direct measurements are impossible. The purpose of this study is to show that the position of the cluster centers identify these changes efficiently. The method used is the FCM - fuzzy cluster means. To illustrate the proposed procedure, we adapt a mill model to represent the plant and data, collected via simulation.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT LUNAK PENGAJUAN SIDANG TUGAS AKHIR MENGGUNAKAN METODOLOGI TEST DRIVEN-DEVELOPMENT

Test Driven Development merupakan strategi pembangunan berbasis tes memerlukan menulis otomatis tes sebelum mengembangkan fungsional kode program. Meskipun pengembang telah menerapkan test driven development dalam berbagai bentuk selama beberapa dekade, strategi pengembangan perangkat lunak ini terus mendapatkan peningkatan perhatian sebagai salah satu inti praktik-praktik Extreme Programming(XP). Pada tugas akhir ini akan dilakukan pengembangan aplikasi pengajuan sidang tugas akhir dengan metodologi yang digunakan yaitu test driven development. Ditahap awal menentukan requirement aplikasi, menganalisis kebutuhan fungsional, membuat test plan, merancang aplikasi, merancang test case dan menerapkan life cycle test driven development. Hasil tugas akhir ini adalah telah mengembangan perangkat lunak pengajuan sidang tugas akhir yang sesuai dengan dengan metodologi test-driven Developement serta merancang antarmuka, test case, dan dokumen pengujian dengan metode pengujian black box testing. Kata Kunci : Test Driven Development, Extreme Programming,test plan, test case, unit testing, black box testing
Professional Development through Situated Learning Techniques Adapted with Design-Based Research

Matthew Moorhead received his B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Nevada, Reno, in 2014. He is currently pursuing a M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering at NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, where he is a teaching fellow in their GK-12 program. Matthew also conducts research in the Mechatronics and Controls Laboratory with an interest in robotics and controls.