Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychological impact of the Spring 2019 flood among adult population of Iran

Background: From March to April 2019, a flood occurred in several regions of Iran. The most affected provinces were Golestan, Lorestan, and Khuzestan. Aims: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of psychological distress and depression among the affected adult population 6 months after the event. Methods: A cross-sectional household survey with face-to-face interview was carried out on a random sample of 1,671 adults aged above 15 years living in the flood-affected areas from August to September 2019. We applied GHQ-28 and PHQ-9 for the assessment of psychological distress and depression, respectively. Results: The prevalence of psychological distress and depression were 33.6% (95% CI [29.5, 37.7]) and 23.0% (95% CI [19.4, 26.7]), respectively. Determinants of psychological distress were a history of mental disorders (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.7), primary (AOR = 2.9) or high school (AOR = 2.4) education (vs. university), no compensation received (AOR = 2.1), high damage to assets (AOR = 1.8), the house flooded more than 1 m (AOR = 1.8), female gender (AOR = 1.8), and limited access to health care services (AOR = 1.8). Determinants of depression were unemployment (AOR = 5.3) or being a housewife (AOR = 2.7), a history of mental disorders (AOR = 4.1), high damage to assets (AOR = 2.5), no compensation received (AOR = 2.0), the house flooded more than 1 m (AOR = 1.8), limited access to health care services (AOR = 1.8), and high wealth index (AOR = 1.7). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed a high prevalence of psychological distress and depression in the flood-affected adult population. The high-risk group, particularly flood victims who had a history of mental disorders, and those exposed to severe damages of flood, should be prioritized for screening, and mental health services.
Offloading Machine Learning to Programmable Data Planes: A Systematic Survey

The demand for machine learning (ML) has increased significantly in recent decades, enabling several applications, such as speech recognition, computer vision, and recommendation engines. As applications become more sophisticated, the models trained become more complex while also increasing the amount of data used for training. Several domain-specific techniques can be helpful to scale machine learning to large amounts of data and more complex models. Among the methods employed, of particular interest is offloading machine learning functionality to the network infrastructure, which is enabled by the use of emerging programmable data plane hardware, such as SmartNICs and programmable switches. As such, offloading machine learning to programmable network hardware has attracted considerable attention from the research community in the last few years. This survey presents a study of programmable data planes applied to machine learning, also highlighting how in-network computing is helping to speed up machine learning applications. In this article, we provide various concepts and propose a taxonomy to classify existing research. Next, we systematically review the literature that offloads machine learning functionality to programmable data plane devices, classifying it based on our proposed taxonomy. Finally, we discuss open challenges in the field and suggest directions for future research.
Hardware Security Risks and Threat Analyses in Advanced Manufacturing Industry

The advanced manufacturing industry (AMI) faces many unique challenges from the cyber-physical domain. Security threats are originated from two integral parts: software and hardware. Over the past decade, software security has been addressed extensively, but hardware security has not received enough attention. This work analyzes the security vulnerabilities of typical electronic devices deployed to AMI and proposes three attack models for sensing nodes, local storage and processing edge devices, and wired/wireless communication interfaces, respectively. Practical security attacks on hardware are demonstrated in this work to inspire the development of feasible countermeasures against hardware Trojans, fault injection attacks, and external signal interference. Moreover, this work highlights the unique security challenges posed by advanced manufacturing applications. To mitigate those security attacks in AMI, this work suggests guidelines for the defense method design that can effectively protect the hardware in AMI.
Large Scale Urban Simulations with the MILES Approach (Invited)

Airborne contaminant transport in cities presents challenging new requirements for CFD. The unsteady flow physics is complicated by very complex geometry, multi-phase particle and droplet effects, radiation, latent, and sensible heating effects, and buoyancy effects. Turbulence is one of the most important of these phenomena and yet the overall problem is sufficiently difficult that the turbulence must be included efficiently with an absolute minimum of extra memory and computing time. This paper describes the Monotone Integrated Large Eddy Simulation (MILES) methodology used in NRL’s FAST3D-CT simulation model for urban contaminant transport (CT) (see [1] and references therein). We also describe important extensions of the underlying Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT) convection algorithms to further reduce numerical dissipation in narrow channels (streets).
Gaining insight in the solution space of the MPE problem when changing evidence or parameter values

For Bayesian networks, the MPE problem is the problem of finding a configuration of all unobserved variables such that this configuration has the highest posterior probability given the evidence. In this paper, we aim to gain more insight in the solution space of the MPE problem when evidence or a parameter value is changed and the previous MPE solution is known. Gaining more insight is a requisite for developing better algorithms for solving the problem. We do so by introducing a new representation of the probabilities of configurations in the Bayesian network.
New possibilities with hollow core antiresonant fibers

Hollow core antiresonant fibers offer new possibilities in the near infrared and visible spectral range. I show here that the great flexibility of this technology can allow the design and fabrication of hollow core optical fibers with an extended transmission bandwidth in the near infrared and with very low optical attenuation in the visible wavelength regime. A record loss of 175dB/km at 480nm is reported. A modification of the design of the studied fibers is proposed in order to achieve fast-responding gas detection.
Implementation-as: From Art & Science to Computing [Draft]

This paper vindicates interpretational accounts of physical computation. Specifically, recent agential approaches that couch implementation in terms of scientific representation are corroborated. Such accounts are strengthened by the introduction of a novel notion: Implementation-as . Implementation-as is theoretically underpinned by the DEKI-account (Frigg&Nguyen 2018), a formalized account of scientific representation relying on Goodman’s and Elgin’s notion of representation-as. The ensuing result is a philosophically robust account, satisfying the most important desiderata for accounts of computation in physical systems. The upshot is that physical computation occurs when agents use material systems as epistemic tools to compute a function. Application of this new framework is illustrated for the case of the MONIAC (an analog device) and the IAS-machine (a digital computer).
The Use of Body Language in Inaugural Address made by the US President

- Numerous studies have been conducted to date to support the idea that body language, in particular, plays a significant impact in the communicators' ability to communicate in a second language. The most obvious conclusion is that when it comes to communication, body language may express just as many meanings, if not more. A presumption is that communication processes will work best if communicators are aware of all body language employed in various communication contexts. The purpose of this research is to examine the body language used by U.S. president Joseph Biden Jr. during his inaugural speech in order to give readers clear, concrete examples of how body language is employed in professional settings. The results provide insight on how body language may be used in English language social communication, particularly for educational purposes. In order to thoroughly analyse the data and illuminate all facets of the president's body language, the author will transform the speech from President Biden's inaugural address using specific techniques. The main conclusions of this study include the two significant aspects of body language used by the Presidents in his important event: he has a tendency to use hand gestures rather than smiles to build audience attraction, and more importantly, he consistently uses dominant hands in associations with describing the good things with positive valences and non-dominant hands in describing the bad things with negative valences.
The Impact of Trust and Commitment on Customer Retention: Evidence from the Banking Industry

: Businesses have to use relationship marketing to build, maintain, and improve their strong ties with customers in order to keep them as loyal customers. This is because of the high level of competition, the fragmentation of the market, the short life cycles of products, and the growing knowledge and complexity of customers. The goal of this study was to evaluate, using an empirical method, the impact that relationship marketing dimensions (particularly trust and commitment) have on the number of customers that are retained in the banking industry. A study was carried out, and records were gathered with the use of a questionnaire consisting of 22 items that was filled out by 490 clients of banks through convenience sampling. For statistical analysis, frequency, percentages, the mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analysis were employed. The findings revealed that both the dimensions of relationship marketing (trust and commitment) and the retention of customers were closely related to one another and had a significant bearing on this metric. Given this, it follows that implementing a marketing plan that publicly recognizes and rewards customer loyalty would increase the likelihood of recruiting new customers, retaining existing ones, and strengthening ties with those already on board.
Analysis the Montgomery Ladder Algorithm for Elliptic Curves over Ternary fields

Point multiplication is the dominant cost operation in elliptic curve cryptographic schemes. Montgomery ladder algorithm is one of the methods of speeding up point multiplication. It is originally proposed for elliptic curves over binary fields. In this paper, we consider the Montgomery ladder algorithm for elliptic curves over ternary fields. We propose a new Montgomery ladder algorithm and compare the performance with other algorithms. With the experimental data, we find that the Montgomery ladder algorithm doesn't have advantages in speed. Moreover, we give the reason why the Montgomery ladder algorithm performs badly over ternary fields while performs well over binary fields.
The detection efficiency of the clover Ge-detectors array at the RITU-GREAT facility

The absolute detection e ciency depending upon position along the beam direction is determined for three germanium detectors, that are part of the GREAT spectrometer at the focal plane of the RITU separator. The e ciency is determined for an energy range from 80 keV to 1400 keV for all three detectors as an array and also individually using digital electronics. The optimal position for the detector array has been de ned for two con gurations of the GREAT spectrometer: with the planar detector and without it. The obtained results have been compared with three references: a simulation prepared especially for this setup by another student using GEANT4, a previous study that was carried out by using analogue electronics and a simulation executed during the rst years of the GREAT spectrometer's operation using GEANT3.
Transformative Biodiversity Governance for Protected and Conserved Areas

This chapter analyzes the potential for transformative change for biodiversity conservation in the governance of protected areas and other conserved areas (which incorporates other effective area-based conservation measures or OECMs). This is achieved by analyzing efforts to achieve Aichi Target 11 under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) strategic plan to 2020, and discussing the need for a new outcome-based approach under the CBD’s Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), which is under discussion at the time of writing but expected to be adopted during 2022. Under Aichi Target 11, governments collectively agreed to designate 17 percent of terrestrial and inland waters and 10 percent of coastal and marine areas as protected areas and OECMs that are effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative, well connected and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape. It is widely considered to be the Aichi Target that governments have made most progress on delivering (UNEP-WCMC et al., 2018). The issue is discussed here through the conceptual lens of transformative governance, which is defined in Chapter 1 of this book and is understood to address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss through governance mechanisms that are integrative, inclusive, transdisciplinary, anticipatory and adaptive (Chaffin et al., 2016; Guston, 2014). How to follow up Aichi Target 11 with a new area-based target has formed a key part of the CBD discussions in advance of the adoption of a new Post-2020 GBF. A range of perspectives emerged during these discussions. These can be summarized as: full implementation of Aichi Target 11; more ambitious area-based targets (such as a 30 percent area-based target or “half-earth” approach); “new conservation,”which intends to integrate conservation with neoliberal economic approaches; and a “whole earth” approach, which aims to find a balance between human and nonhuman needs (Bhola et al., 2020, see also Chapter 12). This chapter does not fit neatly within any of these categories but contributes to the discussion by recognizing the valuable role played by protected and conserved areas, and the need for their continued prioritization at the policy level, and provides recommendations for their implementation under the Post-2020 GBF.
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure (CSRD) and Financial Distressed Risk (FDR): Does Institutional Ownership Matter?

This study aims to investigate the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) on financial distressed risk (FDR) among firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). This paper also examines whether there is a negative linkage between institutional ownership as a corporate governance mechanism and corporate bankruptcy. The final research purpose is to analyze if there is a moderating effect of institutional owners on the relationship between CSRD and FDR too. The study sample consists of 200 firms listed on the TSE between 2013 and 2018, and the statistical model is logistic regression. When FDR is assessed under both Article 141 of Iran’s business law and the Altman Z-score model, our results on the main research hypotheses are quite similar. Considering the social and cultural conditions and economic situation of the Iranian market, the results show that firms with a high level of CSR disclosure are not able to make themselves more creditworthy and do not have better access to financing, resulting in more financial insolvency. Our findings confirm institutional shareholders play a vital role in facilitating a firm’s emergence from bankruptcy. The results also demonstrate financial distress risk is less seen among companies with more institutional owners that disclose more CSR information. In other words, since the goals related to CSR are long-term and Iranian institutional investors have a long-term horizon towards the company, the presence of more institutional owners within a firm push managers to provide additional voluntary CSR disclosure so firms can maintain the trust of their shareholders at the highest possible level and prevent financial distress. Our additional analysis indicates there is a positive association between financial leverage and firm failure, whereas the current ratio and ROA are negatively connected with corporate bankruptcy. Finally, when FDR is assessed on the Altman Z-score model, our evidence supports a negative relation between purchase and sale-related party transactions and bankruptcy risk, which is consistent with the efficient transaction hypothesis.
Consistent Antipredator Behavioral Responses among Populations of Red River Pupfish with Disparate Predator Communities

Many desert fishes, which evolved in isolated aquatic “islands” with limited predation pressure, have been severely impacted by non-native predators. These impacts have been attributed to the evolutionary loss of antipredator competence, known as the predator naiveté hypothesis. Recent work provided support for this hypothesis for one desert fish species. We sought to examine the generality of the predator naiveté hypothesis by evaluating antipredator competence in five populations of Red River pupfish (Cyprinodon rubrofluviatilis), a species that occupies habitats that vary in the degree of isolation and levels of fish species richness. Fish were exposed to a conspecific chemical alarm cue released from damaged epidermal tissue as a general assay of antipredator response. We found that pupfish from all five populations exhibited antipredator behavior in response to the alarm cue, regardless of the exposure to predation risk. These data provide evidence that antipredator responses to alarm cues are conserved in Red River pupfish, even in populations isolated from piscivorous species.
Impact of banking services on Small and Medium Enterprises in Rwanda Case of Bank of Kigali, Muhanga Branch

- Target of this research were to examine the roles of Bank services on in Bank of Kigali, Muhanga branch, Rwanda. This study will be helpful to the researcher to gain more experience of conducting other research studies, to facilitate Rwandans to establish and adopt more approaches to develop SME’s within the country which are also the source of money from taxpayers, to develop SME’s and to increase the income of people running SME’s.In this study the research design was explanatory using quantitative and qualitative approach where data was obtained by the use of questionnaires, interview and observation in order to obtain the required information. The target population of this research was 5189 and the sample size was 98 respondents. Findings
A Selected Review of Impacts of Ocean Deoxygenation on Fish and Fisheries

Oxygen is crucial for the survival of marine species. Yet, the ocean has experienced a loss of approximately 2% of its oxygen inventory since the last century, resulting in adverse impacts on marine life and ecosystems. In particular, changes in the gap between the supply and demand for dissolved oxygen lead to physiological and ecological variations, which cause alterations in habitats and food webs for fish and ecosystem services. These changes vary over time and by region, and the heterogeneous characteristics of marine species bring about non-linear consequences to human society. Despite this, identifying the potential ripple effects of deoxygenation on human society is challenging due to the integrated impacts of other stressors, such as global warming and ocean acidification, and their varying changes depending on environmental conditions and regions, such as upwelling and eutrophication. Therefore, we conducted a literature review on ocean deoxygenation and its effects on fish dynamics and the ecosystem, with a focus on the environmental and societal impact, to present crucial considerations and pathways for future research on ocean deoxygenation. We found that quantitative approaches are necessary to assess the dynamic changes under deoxygenation, and the consequent effects on marine ecosystems should be verified to exploit the natural resources from the ocean. One of the most reliable approaches to quantifying the ripple impacts of deoxygenation is to model spatial and temporal changes with other climate stressors, forming a global network encompassing socio-economic and regional effects of this global change to facilitate and improve capabilities to address the impacts of ocean deoxygenation.
Kinins’ Contribution to Postoperative Pain in an Experimental Animal Model and Its Implications

Postoperative pain causes discomfort and disability, besides high medical costs. The search for better treatments for this pain is essential to improve recovery and reduce morbidity and risk of chronic postoperative pain. Kinins and their receptors contribute to different painful conditions and are among the main painful inflammatory mediators. We investigated the kinin’s role in a postoperative pain model in mice and reviewed data associating kinins with this painful condition. The postoperative pain model was induced by an incision in the mice’s paw’s skin and fascia with the underlying muscle’s elevation. Kinin levels were evaluated by enzyme immunoassays in sham or operated animals. Kinin’s role in surgical procedure-associated mechanical allodynia was investigated using systemic or local administration of antagonists of the kinin B1 receptor (DALBk or SSR240612) or B2 receptor (Icatibant or FR173657) and a kallikrein inhibitor (aprotinin). Kinin levels increased in mice’s serum and plantar tissue after the surgical procedure. All kinin B1 or B2 receptor antagonists and aprotinin reduced incision-induced mechanical allodynia. Although controversial, kinins contribute mainly to the initial phase of postoperative pain. The kallikrein–kinin system can be targeted to relieve this pain, but more investigations are necessary, especially associations with other pharmacologic targets.
Black Phosphorus/WS 2 -TM (TM: Ni, Co) Heterojunctions for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light Illumination

: Black phosphorus (BP) has recently emerged as a versatile photocatalyst owing to its unique photophysical properties and tunable bandgap. Nonetheless, the rapid recombination of the photogenerated charges of pristine BP samples has signiﬁcantly hindered its practical applications in photocatalysis. Herein, we report, for the ﬁrst time, the effect of transition metal nanoparticles (Ni and Co) as co-catalysts on the photocatalytic activity of BP/tungsten disulﬁde (WS 2 ) binary heterojunctions (BP/WS 2 -TM (TM: Ni, Co)) in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under visible light irradiation ( λ > 420 nm). Ternary heterojunctions named BP/WS 2 -TM (TM: Ni, Co) were synthesized via a chemical reduction method, leading to the formation of an S-scheme heterojunction, in which BP acts as a reduction catalyst and WS 2 serves as an oxidation catalyst. BP/WS 2 -Ni and BP/WS 2 -Co performed substantial amounts of hydrogen generation of 9.53 mmol h − 1 g − 1 and 12.13 mmol h − 1 g − 1 , respectively. Moreover, BP/WS 2 -Co exhibited about 5 and 15 times higher photocatalytic activity compared to the binary BP/WS 2 heterojunctions and pristine BP, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the heterojunction catalysts is attributed to the extended light absorption ability, enhanced charge separation, and larger active sites. This study is the ﬁrst example of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water by using Ni- and Co-doped binary BP/WS 2 heterojunctions.