Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Performance and N & P-Removable On-Site Domestic Waste Water Treatment System by Multi-Soil-Layering Method

Multi-Soil-Layering (MSL) method was applied to make appropriate, but high performance and N & P-removable, on-site domestic waste water treatment system. The MSL soil unit is composed from soil layer mixed with 10∼25% of metal iron and pelletized jute. The MSL units were piled in a brick pattern at 5cm vertical and 10cm horizontal distance, which were surrounded by layers of Zeolite. Air can be supplied through porous pipes installed at adequate depths of the MSL system. The systems were tested using model houses. The waste waters, which were pretreated by septic tank to the level of SS 29-75, BOD 42-116, COD 32-56, T-N 29-86, and T-P 6-11 mg−l−1 respectively, could be treated at the rate of 100-850 1·m−2·d−1 without significant clogging. The mean concentrations of treated waters were SS 15, BOD 8.7, COD 11, T-N 6.8, and T-P 0.86 mg·1−1 respectively. Zeolite layers and brick pattern prevent clogging. Metal iron and jute pellets were effective to remove Phosphate and Nitrate. Intensive aeration assists decomposition of BOD, COD, and SS as well as nitrification, but decreases denitrif ication and phosphate fixation. The degree of purification could be controlled by setting adequate aeration.
FRENCH LANGUAGE DIAGNOSTIC WRITING SKILL TEST FOR JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS: CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION USING ITEM RESPONSE THEORY

The study developed and validated a French language diagnostic writing skill-based test for junior secondary school students using Item Response Theory (IRT). The diagnostic test consisted of 50 multiple choice test items which were constructed using the French language curriculum for junior secondary school students. Five research questions were formulated to guide the study. Preliminary validation was done by two French teachers and three experienced lecturers in French language. The pilot testing was conducted to ensure grammatical checking and compatibility of the test items while trial testing was conducted on 500 junior secondary school students and this yielded the data for item analysis. Analysis was done through the BILOG-MG using Item Response Theory. The data generated from the study were analyzed using smallest likelihood estimation. The empirical reliability of the test score was 0.77. The difficulty and discrimination level of the French language diagnostic writing skillbased test items indicated that 42 items were retained while 8 items were modified. The test was found to be of good quality, valid and reliable. The French language diagnostic writing skill-based test is ready to assess examinees’ writing skill in French language for JSS in Nigeria.
Analyse et amélioration d'une chambre de combustion centimétrique par simulations aux grandes échelles

Realiser un systeme de combustion a petite echelle reste aujourd’hui un defi. L’augmentation du rapport surface/volume favorise les pertes thermiques, contribue a la diminution du temps de sejour et limite la turbulence. Le premier objectif de cette these est de comprendre les phenomenes physiques intervenant dans un bruleur centimetrique tourbillonnaire de 8 x10 x 8 mm3 (millimetre cube) et mettre au point des outils numeriques adaptes. L’ecoulement reactif methane/air est etudie au moyen de simulations numeriques LES. La combustion ne consomme pas l’integralite du carburant, entrainant un rendement de combustion de l’ordre de 50% et d’importantes emissions de polluants. Le deuxieme objectif est d’adapter les performances de ce bruleur. L’enrichissement en hydrogene a montre une amelioration sensible du rendement et une reduction des emissions polluantes. Plusieurs configurations geometriques de la chambre ont aussi ete etudiees, ce qui a permis de degager des axes d’ameliorations.
LA PLAGA DE JUSTINIANO (541-542)

Throughout the history of humanity, epidemics, plagues or pandemics have decimated civi -lizations, causing great political and socioeconomic changes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) The Justinian Plague (541-542) is the fourth pandemic that has caused the most deaths (30-50 million) after the Black Death 1347-1351 (200 million deaths), Small pox 1520 (56 million victims) and Spanish flu 1918-1919 (40-50 million deaths). About fifteen centuries ago, the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) empire was devastated by a plague that probably began in Asia, but which, according to the historians and writers of the time, whose records are preserved, began in Africa in the year 541 and passed to Constan tinople in the year 542, later spreading to all of Europe. The plague came in waves, which numbered 20 over the next two centuries. The bacterium Yersinia Pestis has been identified as the causative agent, probably transmitted by fleas from rats, and has even been linked to documented climatic changes at the time. Based on historical documents and contemporary research in different areas, a review of “The Plague of Justinian” and the current behavior of the plague is presented.
Innovative Strategies For Social-Economic Development Financial Strategies In The Development Country

This research paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the Small and medium scale enterprises constitute the backbone of any nations economic development and had remained a major contributor in poverty alleviation, employment generation, and industrialization. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of small and medium scale enterprise owners in the development country, regarding the raising of finances from lending institutions to ensure their business growth and sustenance. A phenomenological qualitative approach for this study as it empowers the researcher to investigate the lived experiences of participants to gain a deep understanding of the small number of participants who had raised funding from financing institutions and how to improve their experiences thereby reducing the challenges while seeking for financing. The relevance of this scientific problem discussion from the organizational life cycle theory and working capital management theory to emphasize the concept of study environment, financing institutions, knowledge, and experience of small business owners. Key findings emerged that within the business environment, there are lack of government policies to support small businesses, and financing institutions are not favorably disposed to support small and medium scale business. The wide-ranging factors discussed in this article also brought to fore additional financing strategies adopted by small businesses as alternatives to banks funding, the effect adequate funding will have their operations and the improvement required by government, financing institutions and owners of small businesses to support the growth and development of small businesses. The results of the research study may contribute to positive social change by creating awareness amongst small and medium scale business owners on the best financial strategies to fund their operations to remain profitable and sustained. The research study highlighted the need for both the government and financing institutions to support small businesses to function effectively to remain relevant, continue to generate more employment, improve the living standard of the owners of small business, and ultimately impact development country at large. Finally, this study added to the existing literature on small and medium scale enterprises financing strategies, their challenges, and their means to ameliorate the difficulties experienced by their owners when seeking for funding from lending institutions.
Arrhythmia complications in acute coronary syndrome: Focused on tachyarrhythmias

Arrhythmias may occur as complications in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. It includes tachyarrhythmia, which may be asymptomatic or symptomatic. At least around 75% of myocardial infarction patients develop arrhythmia during the peri-infarction period. Pathophysiology pathways differ in each type of arrhythmias. It also contributes to different treatment modalities. Arrhythmogenesis in ACS patients includes various factors: electrophysiological changes, metabolic changes, increased sympathetic activity, vagal stimulation, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and scar formation. Myocardial reperfusion also may result in complex electrophysiological changes, depending on previous ischemia duration. Ventricular arrhythmia is more common with increased ischemia duration. At present, the anti-arrhythmic prophylactic management strategy has mostly been abandoned. Although the primary therapy for arrhythmias is anti-arrhythmic drugs (AADs), especially amiodarone and sodium channel inhibitors, their utilization now has declined, since the emergence of clinical evidence with inconclusive results in the use of these AADs. Besides, therapies for ACS and their arrhythmic management are increasingly based on invasive approaches. Some tachyarrhythmias are malignant and may increase death risk, which requires immediate treatment, while some are benign and do not alter the outcome of patients. Understanding the mechanism and adequate treatment of these tachyarrhythmias is essential in reducing mortality in ACS patients during the acute phase and follow-up.
BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION SYSTEM BASED ON HAND GEOMETRY

Biometric systems are widely used in medium and low security applications. Verification systems based on the geometry of the hand utilize some geometrical characteristics of the hand including measurements of fingers, shape of the palm, etc. In this work, we have developed an unconstrained and contact-based hand geometry verification system, using a combination of length and width of fingers. New measurements at different points of fingers were introduced in this paper to improve the performance of the recognition of persons. A total of 135 hand images were enrolled in this study. The Euclidean distance was used as a similarity function for different values of threshold. The proposed method was compared to state-of-the-art approaches. The results obtained reveal the high performance of the proposed approach and outperformed the existing methods with an accuracy of Acc = 98.67%.
Investigation of M2HPO4 (M= K+, Na+) as Electrolyte for Alkaline Fuel Cell Working with Oxygen Containing Carbon Dioxide

Basic salt of hydrogen phosphate (M2HPO4) was investigated as electrolyte for alkaline fuel cell (AFC). A maximum power density (MPD) of 60 mW cm -2 was obtained with K2HPO4 saturated solvent at room temperature, and a MPD of 30 mW cm -2 was observed with Na2HPO4. The fuel cell with K2HO4 can work at least 3600s without significant performance decrease. More interestingly, the electrolyte shows considerable CO2 tolerance since no obvious performance drop was observed when CO2 of purity of 99% was introduced into the oxygen stream. The results may provide an alternative way to develop electrolyte for AFC that is tolerant to CO2.
Escala de violencia ginecológica. Validación de una medida de abuso psicológico, físico y sexual contra las mujeres en el sistema de salud chileno

Objetivo: Crear y validar una escala que permita indagar en las experiencias de las mujeres de modo de detectar prácticas de violencia en dicho campo de la salud. Método: La escala creada fue aplicada a 503 mujeres de diferentes edades en la ciudad de Valparaíso (Chile). El instrumento final, compuesto por 13 ítems, muestra buena fiabilidad (α = 0,87) y se confirma una estructura factorial similar a la prevista (tres factores correlacionados referidos a diversas formas de violencia psicológica, física y sexual). Resultados: Las correlaciones entre las dimensiones de la escala varían en un rango de 0,49 y 0,54. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio indica cargas factoriales que van desde 0,47 hasta 0,77, revelando buenos índices de ajuste (CFI = 0,94, GFI = 0,94, AGFI = 0,91, IFI = 0,95, NFI = 0,92, TLI = 0,93 y RMSEA = 0,06) que indicarían la validez del modelo. Un análisis factorial multigrupo respalda la invarianza de la escala entre grupos de diferentes edades (18–38 años y >39) y que realizan su atención en diferentes centros de salud (pública y privada). Del mismo modo, se realizan pruebas que muestran la invarianza métrica de la escala creada. Finalmente, se informan las tasas de prevalencia de las diferentes formas de violencia previstas por la escala. Conclusiones: La escala de violencia ginecológica es un instrumento confiable y válido para detectar las experiencias de abuso psicológico, físico y sexual de las mujeres. Palabras clave: Violencia ginecológica, Salud de las mujeres, Continuo de violencia contra las mujeres, Violencia psicológica, física y sexual en el sistema de salud.
Covid-19 Pandemic and its Politico-Economic Implications: A Study of Pakistan

Pakistan is one among the countries terribly affected by the novel contagious disease named “COVID-19”. The severe economic shortfall caused by the pandemic is likely to worsen the already frangible situation of political stability. A country of over 220 million people with a fragile democracy, brittle health system, and the sinking economy is vulnerable to the drastic politico-economic implications of COVID-19. Hence, the present study aims to analyze the politico-economic implications of this on-going pandemic for Pakistan. Mixed-method research design has been employed to investigate the research question, as the only quantitative or qualitative analysis was not much appropriate to develop a better understanding of the problem investigated in the study. The simultaneous application of both the numerical and opinion-based data provided a comprehensive framework to reach logical findings. The study concludes that the inadequate health facilities and less coordinated response, along with a substantial decline in GDP, will make the post-pandemic scenario more challenging and cumbersome. The study suggests an integrated and coordinated approach to cope with this deadly phenomenon presently and to minimize the unfavourable implications in the future.
Ultrasensitive Chemiluminescent Detection of Salmonella with DNA Hybridization and Silver Amplification of Nanogold Labels

An ultrasensitive chemiluminescent DNA hybridization assay for Salmonella was developed by using silver amplification of nanogold labels. A sandwich-type DNA hybridization, which involved sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes from Salmonella, was conducted to assemble nanogold onto ELISA microwells. After that, silver was deposited around nanogold, further dissolved as Ag+, and then traced by luminol chemiluminescent reaction. The optimized experiments showed that chemiluminescent intensity is proportional to the target oligonucleotide concentration, ranging from 1 to 1000 fM with a detection limit of 0.3 fM. The method has been successfully applied to detect Salmonella in food samples with a detection limit of 5 cfu/mL.
Foliar application of potassium on antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato plants under drought stress

Water stress negatively affects productivity in crops, while the foliar application of potassium­containing compounds may be helpful in reducing the drought effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of foliar applied potassium chloride (control ­ distilled water spray ­, 3 and 6 mM­1) on tomato plants under drought stress. Three irrigation levels were maintained at 100, 75 and 50% according to evapotranspiration designated as well watered, moderate and severe drought stressed. Increasing drought stress significantly reduced plant growth and yield. The foliar applied KCl produced maximum leaf area, stem diameter and length, plant yield under each drought stress conditions compa­ red to control. The minimum of growth factors were obtained by control under severe stress. Highest yield per plant was also recorded for foliar applied KCl under moderate condition than other treatments. Foliar applied KCl alone decreased the SOD, CAT and PPO in well­watered condition but KCl application on tomato plants under drought stress induced the antioxidant enzyme activi­ ties more than control well­watered treatment.
Proceso y evolución de los métodos formales en la ingeniería de requisitos

Requirements Engineering is considered the most important phase of the life cycle of software products because it specifies the needs of the customers, and it is also the basis for the execution of the other phases of software engineering. The models currently used to perform the requirements elicitation have been proposed and widely documented, but they are focused only on the techniques to collect information, disregarding the activity of properly documenting this information. Moreover, to structure the requirements specification, natural language continues to be used as a means of communication and understanding with the customer. Due to the ambiguities caused by this language, its interpretation becomes difficult, and this leads to reprocesses in the later stages of the software life cycle. According to the above, it is necessary for software development organizations to consider formalizing the process of requirements elicitation if they wish to make their development process more efficient. A literature review is carried out in this paper to determine the process and evolution of the formal methods from the requirements engineering perspective.
COVID-19 and Children With Down Syndrome: is There Any Real Reason to Worry? Case Report

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is characterised by a series of immune dysregulations, of which interferon hyperreactivity is a key one as it is responsible for surging antiviral responses and probable initiation of an amplified cytokine storm. This biological condition is attributed to immune regulators encoded in chromosome 21. Moreover, DS is characterised by the coexistence of cardiovascular and respiratory anomalies as well as obesity, which constitutes a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 respiratory disease (COVID-19). Case presentation: Of the total number of children 55 admitted to paediatric wards in Bergamo in the period between February to May 2020 for COVID-19 infection, we present 2 children with DS and confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis that had a severe course. In addition, both cases had one or more comorbidities, being cardiovascular anomalies, obesity, and/or OSA.Conclusions: Our observations indicate the need to consider children with DS a population at a risk of severe COVID-19.
Alta sensibilidad a la mupirocina en aislados de Staphylococcs aureus que colonizan pacientes en hemodiálisis en una unidad renal de Medellín, Colombia

Objetivo: describir el porcentaje de resistencia a la mupirocina y a otros antibióticos en aislados de Staphylococcus aureus que colonizan pacientes en hemodiálisis. Métodos: estudio descriptivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes en hemodiálisis en una unidad renal de Medellín. La colonización por S. aureus fue evaluada en las fosas nasales y en la piel. La identificación bacteriana se realizó por PCR y la sensibilidad antibiótica se determinó por el sistema automatizado VITEK-2 y por el método E-test. Las características clínicas de los pacientes fueron evaluadas con la historia clínica. Resultados: se incluyeron 210 pacientes, de estos el 50,5 % (n = 106) fueron mujeres, con una mediana para la edad de 62 años (RIC 51,87-71,13). De las características clínicas se destacó el uso frecuente de antibióticos: 59 % (n = 124) y la historia de hospitalización: 69 % (n = 145). El porcentaje de colonización por S. aureus fue de 33,8 % (n = 71) y el sitio más frecuente de colonización fue las fosas nasales (19 %; n = 40). Todos los aislados fueron sensibles a la mupirocina por el método de VITEK-2. Sin embargo, un aislado presentó resistencia de bajo nivel a la mupirocina por E-test. La colonización por aislados resistentes a meticilina (SARM) fue de 4,8 % (n = 10) y estos presentaron, principalmente, resistencia solamente a la oxacilina (58,3 %; n = 7). Conclusión: la alta sensibilidad a la mupirocina en aislados de S. aureus colonizantes sugiere su uso como terapia profiláctica en pacientes en hemodiálisis con alto riesgo de infección. Es importante fortalecer los programas de uso racional de antibióticos para evitar la diseminación de mecanismos de resistencia a estos y a otros en las unidades renales.
Plasma-Assisted Combustion

As a promising technology, plasma-assisted combustion (PAC) has attracted many researchers to explore the effect of PAC on improving the combustion in propulsion devices, such as scramjet, detonation engines, internal engines, and so on. In this chapter, we aim to exhibit the influence of quasi-DC discharge plasma on the operating performance of scramjet combustor and find the internal mechanisms, which may contribute to the development of PAC technology in supersonic combustion. For case one, a plasma filament is generated upstream of fuel jet through quasi-DC discharge in a scramjet combustor; for case two, the plasma is formed across the backward facing step of a flame holding cavity to improve the flame stabilization of the cavity in the scramjet combustor. The two cases are investigated in detail through three-dimensional numerical simulation based on the dominant thermal blocking mechanism. Important parameters including temperature distribution, separation zone, water production, stagnation pressure loss, combustion efficiency, cavity drag, mass exchange rate, and cavity oscillating characteris- tics are obtained and analyzed. It shows that the quasi-DC discharge plasma does benefit for the improvement of the combustion in a scramjet combustor.
Evaluation of Yogurt Prepared from Locally Propagated Starter Culture

2 Abstract: This study aimed to propagate starter culture locally for yogurt preparation and conduction of sensory evaluation trials for testing the quality of developed starter culture. Experiments were conducted to select the strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus having most suitable properties for preparation of quality yogurt. The selection criteria included lactic acid production ability and aroma production. To propagate the starter culture whey based medium was found to successfully support the growth of desirable bacterial isolates and, therefore, used to propagate the yogurt culture. The propagated culture was then used for preparation of yogurt and sensorial evaluation of the yogurt was done. The results indicated that the yogurt was liked very much in terms of colour, texture, flavour and taste. Finally a comparative sensory evaluation was done between a sample of local dahi and yogurt prepared from locally propagated culture. It was observed that the yogurt prepared from locally propagated culture was significantly better in quality as compared to yogurt (dahi) prepared by traditional method.
Effect of ischaemic compression versus kinesiotape on patellar tendinitis

Introduction. The goal of this study was to compare the impact of ischaemic compression and kinesiotape on pain, physical function, and resting myoelectric activity of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles in patients with unilateral acute patel- lar tendinitis. Methods. overall, 33 patients were randomly assigned to 3 equal groups. Group A received ischaemic compression and con- ventional treatment of patellar tendinitis. Group B received kinesiotape and conventional treatment of patellar tendinitis. Group C received only conventional treatment. Each patient received 3 sessions per week for 1 month. Pain intensity, physical function, and resting myoelectric activity were measured before, after, and after another 2 weeks of completion of the study. Results. The results showed a statistically significant improvement in all the variables between the pre-intervention, post-in- tervention, and follow-up evaluations in the 3 groups ( p < 0.05). Conclusions. Kinesiotape is more effective than ischaemic compression in decreasing pain intensity level, improving physical function, and enhancing the activity of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis muscles in patients with unilateral acute patellar tendinitis.