Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Convexity Estimates for the Solutions of Two Elliptic Equations

In this paper, for the solutions of two elliptic equations we find the auxiliary curvature functions which attain respective minimum on the boundary. These results are the generalization of the classical ones in Makar-Limanov [17] for the torsion equation and Acker et al. [1] for the first eigenfunction of the Laplacian in convex domains of dimension 2. Then we get the new proof of the specific convexity of the solutions of the above two elliptic equations. As a consequence, for the elliptic equation vΔv = − (1 + |∇v|2) in a smooth, bounded and strictly convex domain Ω in ℝ n with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value condition, we also get a sharply lower bound estimate of the Gaussian curvature for the solution surface by the curvature of the boundary of the domain.
Long-period gratings in a standard telecom fibre fabricated by high-intensity femtosecond UV and near-UV laser pulses

We inscribed long-period gratings in a hydrogenated SMF-28 Corning fibre using a point-by-point technique and as a light source high-intensity (100–1000 GW cm−2) femtosecond (220–250 fs) pulses at the fourth, fifth and third harmonics (264, 211 and 352 nm, respectively) of Nd:glass laser radiation. The strength of the transmission loss peak reaches 30 dB in gratings recorded with a period of 300 µm and a length of 2 cm, which is significantly higher than the strength of long-period gratings inscribed with the same parameters by any other photochemical method. The analysis of the absorbed energy distribution revealed that such long-period gratings are induced via a two-photon absorption mechanism (or three-photon in the case of 352 nm excitation) and characterized by preferential energy deposition in the cladding, which leads to a high asymmetry of refractive index change (relative to the fibre core) and results in high birefringence properties of gratings formed by high-intensity UV and near-UV radiation.
Un résultat d'irréductibilité en caractéristique non nulle

Deligne, Kazhdan and Vignéras proved that, for an inner form ofGLn over a zero characteristic p-adic field, the induced representation from a square integrable irreducible representation is irrreducible. Here we prove the case of non-zero characteristic. 1. Le théorème. Soient F un corps local non archimédien de caractéristique quelconque, D une algèbre à division centrale sur F , de dimension finie d2, r un entier strictement positif et G = GLr(D). Le but de ce papier est de montrer le théorème 1.1 plus bas quand le corps de base F est de caractéristique non nulle. Le cas de caractéristique nulle a été prouvé dans [DKV] (Théorème B.2.d) et c’est là qu’apparaît l’idée d’utiliser le théorème de Paley-Wiener. Leur preuve ne marche pas directement en caractéristique positive. On prouve ici le cas de caractéristique non nulle, en utilisant la méthode des corps proches de Kazhdan. THÉORÈME 1.1. Soit P un sous-groupe parabolique de G et soit P = LU une décomposition de Levi de P . Soit π une représentation de carré intégrable de L. Alors indGP π est irréductible. L’importance de ce théorème vient de ce qu’il permet de passer de la classification de Langlands à une classification plus fine, comme l’a montré Zelevinski dans [Ze] pour GLn et, à sa suite, Tadić dans [Ta] pour les formes intérieures. Dans [Ta], l’auteur se place en caractéristique nulle et le résultat que nous prouvons ici permet de lever cette contrainte. 2. Notations et conventions. On note Ψ (G) l’ensemble des caractères lisses non ramifiés de G. L’ensemble Ψ (G) admet une structure naturelle de variété algébrique. Si π est une représentation admissible deG, on note Ψ (G;π) l’ensemble de classes de représentations du type ψ ⊗ π , ψ ∈ Ψ (G) (Ψ(G;π) a une structure de variété algébrique isomorphe à un quotient de la variété Ψ (G)). On note Grot(G) le groupe de Grothendieck des représentations lisses de longueur finie de G. Grot(G) admet deux Z-bases remarquables, l’une formée des classes des représentations irréductibles, l’autre formée des classes des représentations de Langlands (voir les paragraphes suivants). Par la suite, nous regarderons une représentation de G comme un élément de Grot(G) quand aucune confusion n’est possible. Un sous-groupe parabolique de G est dit standard s’il contient le groupe des matrices triangulaires supérieures, et un sous-groupe de G est dit sous-groupe de Levi standard si 2000 Mathematics. Subject Classification. Primary 20G05; Secondary 20G25, 20G30.
Accelerating coupled neural oscillators synchronization using genetic approach

Cyclical activities are basic characteristics of all living organisms. Neurobiologists have discovered that a single neuron often possesses membrane properties that yield oscillations. When coupled with other neurons, oscillations with varying properties, depending on the type of interconnection, can be generated. Synchronization and temporal correlation of these oscillations can be utilized in pattern recognition of different objects. The speed of recognition depends on the speed of synchronization. We propose evolutionary coupled neural oscillators to minimize the synchronization time through optimization of the neuron parameters by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). The GA, with its global search capability, finds the optimum neuron parameters through a fitness measure that reflects the correlation strength between oscillators. The trial-and-error process of estimating the neuron parameters is thus avoided. The Gray code gave better results than binary representation. Superiority of the method is demonstrated through an application in character recognition.
The propagation and broadening of pulses in weakly irregular media

The radio signals received from pulsars are pulses which are frequently broadened as a result of scattering in the interstellar medium. This broadening is examined theoretically using a diffraction theory of wave propagation in weakly irregular media. The theory is valid for all distances in the scattering medium, and particular attention is paid to the transition from the régime where single scattering predominates to that where all the radiation has been multiply-scattered. Typical pulse shapes are calculated and the results are compared with the theory of pulse broadening based on geometrical optics which represents the limiting case for extreme multiple scatter.
Ambipolar diffusion length in a-Si:H(F) and a-Si,Ge:H,F measured with the steady-state photocarrier grating technique

The ambipolar diffusion lengths in 14 samples of a-Si:H, a-Si:H,F, and a-Si,Ge:H,F were measured using the steady-state photocarrier grating technique. The Tauc optical gap of these samples ranges from 1.73 eV to 1.13 eV. A diffusion length of 0.4 mu m was observed in one a-Si:H,F sample. The diffusion length saturates at approximately 0.03 mu m as the bandgap of the alloys decreases, probably due to the resolution limit of the technique. The diffusion length decreases as the bandgap decreases, as the bulk defect density increases, as the Urbach energy increases, and as the Fermi level increases. The observed correlations are explained qualitatively by existing models for carrier recombination. <<ETX>>
Therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic therapy on KA induced epileptic rats

： [Objective] To investigate the effects of transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation (TMES) on temporal lobe epilepsy rats induced by kainic acid (KA). [Methods] 62 rats were divided into pretreatment (32 in total) and treatment (30 in total) groups according to the random number table method. The pretreatment group was further divided into 4 groups, and each group was stimulated by 0 %, 25%, 50%, 75% of the maximum current intensity (MCI) of the therapeutic apparatus respectively. According to the therapeutic efficacy, the optimal stimulation parameters under the experimental conditions was determined. The treatment group was further divided into 3 groups according to the random number table method, 10 in each group. Two groups (epilepsy-stimulating group, epilepsy-non-stimulating group) were epilepsy model rats that met the inclusion criteria. The stimulation parameters in the stimulating group were the best stimulation parameters explored in the pretreatment group; the rats in the non-stimulating group were treated the same before and after stimulation as the stimulating group. However, the therapeutic device has no effective energy output. The rats of third group difined as control were unmodeled control rats. All rats in the three groups were stimulated once a day for 40 minutes each for 14 days. The behavioral, histological and electrophysiological changes in the three groups of rats were recorded and compared to evaluate the efficacy of TMES therapy in epileptic rats.
LANDMARKS EXPLORATION ALGORITHM FOR MOBILE ROBOT INDOOR LOCALIZATION USING VISION SENSOR

In this paper, a novel Landmarks Exploration Algorithm (LEA) is presented for accurate, reliable, and efficient indoor localization. It operates in two stages. The first stage intends to search for artificial Color-Coded Landmarks (CCLs) and store their locations. Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is exploited in this stage for continually updating the states of the robot, while the camera, equipped with image processing MATLAB code, is used for the detection of landmarks. The second stage attempts to make the robot find a location such that the distance to the detected CCLs is directly measured using a proximity sensor. At this stage, a trilateration method is applied to localize the robot. This paper also proposes an approach to estimate the heading angle of the robot. These two stages contribute to making the robot reach the target as a final step. Furthermore, the LEA performs localization even that one or two CCLs are detected at the same time and also specific order of CCLs is not required. The LEA is implemented, examined, and evaluated inside the CoppeliaSim environment. The simulation results indicate that the LEA provides the robot with the ability to explore CCLs, achieve an accurate localization, and reach the target.
Influence of surface height variance on distribution of ground control points

Abstract The process of geometric correction of a satellite image requires a network of ground control points (GCPs), the density of which depends on the accuracy required. In this study, an approach to determine the distribution of the GCPs was developed based on dividing the surface terrain into zones of low- and high-height variances. Comparative statistics were investigated to summarize the optimum number and distribution of the GCPs. For a uniform arrangement of 10 GCPs, the accuracy using root mean square error was 7.19 m. This accuracy was improved to 6.13 m following the inclusion of just two additional GCPs in the zone of high-surface height variance. Thus, the transformation using the polynomial model and a set of GCPs, for which the surface variance in height was considered, resulted in greater accuracy than using the conventional uniformly distributed method. In addition, the time required for the trial-and-error selection of the locations of the GCPs was reduced. Our results suggest that a method that considers the variance in height of the surface terrain could be applied to various types of images such as satellite or aerial photography.
On the Perron Root of Nonnegative Matrices

In this paper, we mainly discuss the computation of the Perron root of a nonnegative matrix. We propose an algorithm for the Perron root of nonnegative matrices by using the generalized Perron complement. Based on this algorithm, for the Perron root of a nonnegative matrix with central symmetric structure, we construct an improved algorithm, which ensures significant saving of computation and store cost. We demonstrate this by analyzing theoretically and a numerical example.
Analyzing the parameter bias when an ARMAX model is ﬁtted to noise-corrupted data

When an ARMAX model is ﬁtted to noise-corrupted data using the prediction error method, biased estimates are obtained. The bias is examined, with emphasis on the situation when the system is almost non-identiﬁable. In contrast to the case of using an output error model, no general results on the size of the bias seem to apply.
A Robust Multi-Goal Exploration Aided Tracking Policy

Set-point control aims at finding a policy that can track a set point that varies over time. Such control objectives are central in industry, yet multi-goal Reinforcement Learning methods are typically evaluated on other environments. The paper therefore proposes the use of a combination of feedback based amplitude aided exploration, simulated ensemble model training, together with policy optimization also over integrated errors, to arrive at a trained multi-goal policy that can be directly deployed to real-world nonlinear set-point control systems. The claim is supported by experiments with a real-world nonlinear cascaded tank process and a simulated strongly non-linear pH-control system
A second derivative gradiometer integrated with a dc superconducting interferometer

A second derivative dc‐SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) gradiometer built on a single chip is described. The prototype shows a flux noise of 8×10−6 φ0/(Hz)1/2 and an inductance of 240 pH. The measured imbalance for fields orthogonal to the chip plane is 240 ppm, while the imbalance for transverse fields is below the measured error. The sensitivity of 1.8×10−8 T/m2 (Hz)1/2 is not yet sufficient for practical applications, but the natural improvement of physical parameters that will be made to use the device in an array of detectors is discussed as well.
Discrete Time Sliding Mode Flow Controller for Multi-source Single-bottleneck Connection-oriented Communication Networks

In this paper, we propose a sliding mode flow controller for connection-oriented, multi-source, single-bottleneck communication networks. For that purpose, we model the networks as discrete time systems with the available bandwidth acting as the disturbance. The proposed control algorithm is designed in such a way that the closed-loop system stability and finite time error convergence are ensured. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed controller guarantees no bottleneck link buffer overflow and full utilization of its available bandwidth. Furthermore, transmission rates generated by the controller are always bounded and nonnegative.
Significance Testing of Congruence Coefficients: A Good Idea?

Tucker's congruence coefficient is often used to compare the equality of latent structures on a given test for different subgroups. Initial use of the index was subjective; given the same congruence coefficient, one investigator could decide that a pair of factors was similar, whereas another investigator could decide that they were different. Critical values were subsequently developed for this index to provide an objective basis for decision making. In practice, these values too often suggest congruence between factors known to differ. Results of the present study suggest that significance tests of congruence coefficients are inappropriate as currently performed.
Parameter identification methods of hydraulic models for the study of current water in open channels

Abstract Both adequacy of the mathematical model and accuracy of the initial data define the adequacy of numerical results of the real process. Being the phenomenological model, the model of current water based on one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations has the parameters which cannot be determined within the scope of one-dimensional model. The most important such parameter is, for example, the Chezy coefficient (coefficient of roughness) or the wind stress coefficient. The main difficulty to use the one-dimensional model is that the parameters are hardly measured. In this paper we suggest the numerical method of identification of such hydraulic parameters as the coefficient of roughness, the wind stress coefficient and so on, given the actual measurement data of free surface level or of flow depth. We assume that the flows is gradually varies and describes by the Saint-Venant equations. Also we assume that the identification parameters do not vary on the whole length of the channel. The developed methods are based on the Bellman method of sensitivity and on the modified Newton method which are applied for minimization of the functional of mean square deviation of the calculated parameters of the flow from the measurement data. The examples of recovery of hydraulic parameters, in particular, for real objects are considered.
Automated prediction of the clinical impact of structural copy number variations

Copy number variants (CNVs) play an important role in many biological processes, including the development of genetic diseases, making them attractive targets for genetic analyses. The interpretation of the effect of these structural variants is a challenging problem due to highly variable numbers of gene, regulatory, or other genomic elements affected by the CNV. This led to the demand for the interpretation tools that would relieve researchers, laboratory diagnosticians, genetic counselors, and clinical geneticists from the laborious process of annotation and classification of CNVs. We designed and validated a prediction method (ISV; Interpretation of Structural Variants) that is based on boosted trees which takes into account annotations of CNVs from several publicly available databases. The presented approach achieved more than 98% prediction accuracy on both copy number loss and copy number gain variants while also allowing CNVs being assigned “uncertain” significance in predictions. We believe that ISV’s prediction capability and explainability have a great potential to guide users to more precise interpretations and classifications of CNVs.
STROUHAL NUMBERS OF FLOW-EXCITED ACOUSTIC RESONANCE OF CLOSED SIDE BRANCHES

Flow-excited acoustic resonances of piping systems containing closed side-branches are often encountered in engineering applications. They are excited by the unstable shear layer which separates the mean flow in the main pipe from the stagnant fluid in the branch. The object of this paper is to develop a design chart that can be used to predict the critical flow velocities in the main pipe at which acoustic resonances are initiated. Model tests were carried out on three different configurations of side-branches (single, tandem, and coaxial branches). For each of these pipe configurations, the effects of the diameter ratio, the distance from an upstream elbow and the acoustic damping are investigated in some detail. The test results are implemented into a design chart to predict the flow velocity at the onset of resonance as a function of the system operational and geometric parameters.
Weight : Reshape : Residual connection : Sigmoid : Mean subtraction

Joint image filters are used to transfer structural details from a guidance picture used as a prior to a target image, in tasks such as enhancing spatial resolution and suppressing noise. Previous methods based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) combine nonlinear activations of spatially-invariant kernels to estimate structural details and regress the filtering result. In this paper, we instead learn explicitly sparse and spatially-variant kernels. We propose a CNN architecture and its efficient implementation, called the deformable kernel network (DKN), that outputs sets of neighbors and the corresponding weights adaptively for each pixel. The filtering result is then computed as a weighted average. We also propose a fast version of DKN that runs about fifteen times faster for an image of size 640 × 480. We demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of our models on the tasks of depth map upsampling, saliency map upsampling, cross-modality image restoration, texture removal, and semantic segmentation. In particular, we show that the weighted averaging process with sparsely sampled 3 × 3 kernels outperforms the state of the art by a significant margin.
Geodesic Killing orbits and bifurcate Killing horizons

Geodesic orbits of a one-dimensional group G of isometries of a semi-Riemannian manifold are classified into complete and incomplete orbits. It is shown that the latter (which are null), if extendable, define fixed points of G. A bifurcate Killing horizon N̂ in a four-dimensional Lorentz manifold is defined as the union of intersecting (smooth) Killing horizons (of the same group G). By means of an analysis of the action of G near a fixed point, the theorem is established that a Killing horizon N is contained, as a ‘branch’, in a bifurcate Killing horizon N̂ if and only if it contains an incomplete, extendable, null geodesic orbit. Examples in familiar relativistic space times are pointed out.
Electromagnetic design aspects of packages for monolithic microwave integrated circuit-based arrays with integrated antenna elements

Reliable and cost-effective packaging of monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) is an important aspect of the design of phased array systems. At millimeter wavelengths, where small dimensions make machining and assembly a complex matter, the interconnections between the modules housing the MMIC components and the antenna elements are a source of unreliability as well as a potential problem in terms of electromagnetic losses. One solution involves the integration of antenna elements onto the MMIC chips. The paper addresses the issues involved in packaging and housing MMIC chips with integrated antenna elements and presents some insights into the electromagnetic design of such packages. >
Micro-rheological behaviour and nonlinear rheology of networks assembled from polysaccharides from the plant cell wall

The same fundamental questions that have driven enquiry into cytoskeletal mechanics can be asked of the considerably less-studied, yet arguably just as important, biopolymer matrix in the plant cell wall. In this case, it is well-known that polysaccharides, rather than filamentous and tubular protein assemblies, play a major role in satisfying the mechanical requirements of a successful cell wall, but developing a clear structure–function understanding has been exacerbated by the familiar issue of biological complexity. Herein, in the spirit of the mesoscopic approaches that have proved so illuminating in the study of cytoskeletal networks, the linear microrheological and strain-stiffening responses of biopolymeric networks reconstituted from pectin, a crucial cell wall polysaccharide, are examined. These are found to be well-captured by the glassy worm-like chain (GWLC) model of self-assembled semi-flexible filaments. Strikingly, the nonlinear mechanical response of these pectin networks is found to be much more sensitive to temperature changes than their linear response, a property that is also observed in F-actin networks, and is well reproduced by the GWLC model. Additionally, microrheological measurements suggest that over long timescales (>10 s) internal stresses continue to redistribute facilitating low frequency motions of tracer particles.