Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strategic developments in the drug delivery of natural product dihydromyricetin: applications, prospects, and challenges

Abstract Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is an important natural flavonoid that has attracted much attention because of its various functions such as protecting the cardiovascular system and liver, treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and anti-inflammation effect, etc. Despite its great development potential in pharmacy, DHM has some problems in pharmaceutical applications such as low solubility, permeability, and stability. To settle these issues, extensive research has been carried out on its physicochemical properties and dosage forms to produce all kinds of DHM preparations in the past ten years. In addition, the combined use of DHM with other drugs is a promising strategy to expand the application of DHM. However, although invention patents for DHM preparations have been issued in several countries, the current transformation of DHM research results into market products is insufficient. To date, there is still a lack of deep research into the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology, and action mechanism of DHM preparations. Besides, preparations for combined therapy of DHM with other drugs are scarcely reported, which necessitates the development of dosage forms for this application. Apart from medicine, the development of DHM in the food industry is also of great potential. Due to its multiple effects and excellent safety, DHM preparations can be developed for functional drinks and foods. Through this review, we hope to draw more attention to the development potential of DHM and the above challenges and provide valuable references for the research and development of other natural products with a similar structure-activity relationship to this drug. Graphical Abstract
Quantitative evaluation and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the irreversible BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib in mouse plasma using LC-MS/MS

Zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) belongs to the class of irreversible inhibitors of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) for treating B-cell malignancies. A validated assay with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity is required to measure plasma concentration and investigate its pharmacokinetics. The plasma of mice containing zanubrutinib and roxithromycin (internal standard) was processed with acetonitrile for protein precipitation. Then the supernatant was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using electrospray ionization in the positive mode. Zanubrutinib was given to mice intragastrically at 30 mg/kg to determine its pharmacokinetic parameters. The method was verified and showed good linearity in the range of 0.1–100 ng/mL. The method's sensitivity, accuracy, and precision were all within acceptable bounds. By this method, the pharmacokinetic profile of zanubrutinib in mouse plasma was measured.
NIN-like protein 7 transcription factor is a plant nitrate sensor

Nitrate is an essential nutrient and signaling molecule for plant growth. Plants sense intracellular nitrate to adjust their metabolic and growth responses. Here we identify the primary nitrate sensor in plants. We found that mutation of all seven Arabidopsis NIN-like protein (NLP) transcription factors abolished plants’ primary nitrate responses and developmental programs. Analyses of NIN-NLP7 chimeras and nitrate binding revealed that NLP7 is derepressed upon nitrate perception via its amino terminus. A genetically encoded fluorescent split biosensor, mCitrine-NLP7, enabled visualization of single-cell nitrate dynamics in planta. The nitrate sensor domain of NLP7 resembles the bacterial nitrate sensor NreA. Substitutions of conserved residues in the ligand-binding pocket impaired the ability of nitrate-triggered NLP7 to control transcription, transport, metabolism, development, and biomass. We propose that NLP7 represents a nitrate sensor in land plants. Description Transcription-activating nitrate sensor Plants depend on nitrogen, responding with changes in growth and metabolism when nitrogen supplies change. Indeed, nitrogen fertilizer underlies a good deal of agricultural crop productivity. Studying a family of seven similar genes, Liu et al. identified the nitrate sensor in the small mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The protein’s nitrate-binding pocket resembles that found in bacteria nitrate sensors. Conformation change upon nitrate binding allows the protein to then function as a transcriptional activator, triggering the plant’s responses to nitrogen availability. —PJH A single bifunctional protein links nitrate sensing to changes in transcription in the small mustard plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Custom Versus Fashion: Hysteresis and Limit Cycles in a Random Matching Game

This paper considers a simple pairwise random matching game in the society populated by two groups of agents: Conformists and Nonconformists. Depending on the relative frequencies of intergroup and intragroup matchings, the best response dynamics show three types of asymptotic behaviors: global convergence, hysteresis and limit cycles. In the hysteresis case, Conformists set the social custom, and Nonconformists revolt against it; what action becomes the custom is determined by "history. " In the limit cycle case, Nonconformists become fashion leaders and switch their actions periodically, while Conformists follow with delay.
Skin Biopsy as a Novel Diagnostic Aid in Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

Abstract Immune-mediated neuropathies are a heterogenous group of inflammatory peripheral nerve disorders. They can be classified according to the domain where the autoimmune process begins: the internode, paranode, or node. However, conventional diagnostic tools, electrodiagnosis (EDX), and autoantibody testing do not fully address this issue. In this institutional cohort study, we investigated the value of dermal myelinated fiber analysis for target domain-based classification. Twenty-seven consecutive patients with immune-mediated neuropathies underwent skin biopsies. The sections were stained with antibodies representative of myelinated fiber domains and were scanned using a confocal microscope. Clinical and pathological features of each patient were reviewed comprehensively. Quantitative morphometric parameters were subjected to clustering analysis, which stratified patients into 3 groups. Cluster 1 (“internodopathy”) was characterized by prominent internodal disruption, intact nodes and paranodes, demyelinating EDX pattern, and absence of nodal-paranodal antibodies. Cluster 2 (“paranodopathy”) was characterized by paranodal disruption and corresponding antibodies. Morphological changes were restricted to the nodes in cluster 3; we designated this cluster as “nodopathy. ” This report highlights the utility of skin biopsy as a diagnostic aid to gain pathogenic insight and classify patients with immune-mediated neuropathies.
Testing the Effect of an Interactive Narrative: The Mediating Role of Transportation and the Moderating Roles of Narrative Ending and Issue Involvement

ABSTRACT There has been a growing literature focusing on the persuasive effect of interactive narratives, but the findings are mixed. Furthermore, very few studies have examined how the impact of interactive narratives varies depending on story features and characteristics of the recipients. Informed by the research of interactive narratives and message framing, the current study empirically tests the indirect effect of an interactive narrative on attitude change using a digital anti-indoor tanning game, with transportation as a mediator and narrative ending and issue involvement as two second-stage moderators. Findings suggested a moderated moderated mediation relationship in which the indirect effect of the interactive narrative was the strongest for low-involvement participants when they experienced a loss-framed ending and was the weakest for high-involvement participants when they encountered the same type of ending. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
Właściwości Inteligentnych Mobilnych Czujników Ruchu (IMCR) – zastosowanie w medycynie i sporcie

The paper presents the results of examinations concerning the properties and possibilities of application of the Mobile Intelligence Motion Sensor (IMCR) in the rehabilitation and monitoring of the human posture. The verification of the human motion was made in relation to the real human gesticulations. The present study is based on data collected from cameras that are used to verify the information submitted by means of IMCR. Sensors were placed on the selected regions of the human body. These data are helpful in the elaboration of three-dimensional model for visualization of human motion. The technical capabilities and functionality of the system may find application in medicine and sport.
ProTheRaMon—a GATE simulation framework for proton therapy range monitoring using PET imaging

Objective. This paper reports on the implementation and shows examples of the use of the ProTheRaMon framework for simulating the delivery of proton therapy treatment plans and range monitoring using positron emission tomography (PET). ProTheRaMon offers complete processing of proton therapy treatment plans, patient CT geometries, and intra-treatment PET imaging, taking into account therapy and imaging coordinate systems and activity decay during the PET imaging protocol specific to a given proton therapy facility. We present the ProTheRaMon framework and illustrate its potential use case and data processing steps for a patient treated at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) proton therapy center in Krakow, Poland. Approach. The ProTheRaMon framework is based on GATE Monte Carlo software, the CASToR reconstruction package and in-house developed Python and bash scripts. The framework consists of five separated simulation and data processing steps, that can be further optimized according to the user’s needs and specific settings of a given proton therapy facility and PET scanner design. Main results. ProTheRaMon is presented using example data from a patient treated at CCB and the J-PET scanner to demonstrate the application of the framework for proton therapy range monitoring. The output of each simulation and data processing stage is described and visualized. Significance. We demonstrate that the ProTheRaMon simulation platform is a high-performance tool, capable of running on a computational cluster and suitable for multi-parameter studies, with databases consisting of large number of patients, as well as different PET scanner geometries and settings for range monitoring in a clinical environment. Due to its modular structure, the ProTheRaMon framework can be adjusted for different proton therapy centers and/or different PET detector geometries. It is available to the community via github (Borys et al 2022).
Involvement of the Thalamus, Hippocampus, and Brainstem in Hypsarrhythmia of West Syndrome: Simultaneous Recordings of Electroencephalography and fMRI Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: West syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by epileptic spasms, neurodevelopmental regression, and a specific EEG pattern called hypsarrhythmia. Our aim was to investigate the brain activities related to hypsarrhythmia at onset and focal epileptiform discharges in the remote period in children with West syndrome using simultaneous electroencephalography and fMRI recordings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen children with West syndrome underwent simultaneous electroencephalography and fMRI at the onset of West syndrome. Statistically significant blood oxygen level–dependent responses related to hypsarrhythmia were analyzed using an event-related design of 4 hemodynamic response functions with peaks at 3, 5, 7, and 9 seconds after the onset of each event. Six of 14 children had focal epileptiform discharges after treatment and underwent simultaneous electroencephalography and fMRI from 12 to 25 months of age. RESULTS: At onset, positive blood oxygen level–dependent responses were seen in the brainstem (14/14 patients), thalami (13/14), basal ganglia (13/14), and hippocampi (13/14), in addition to multiple cerebral cortices. Group analysis using hemodynamic response functions with peaks at 3, 5, and 7 seconds showed positive blood oxygen level–dependent responses in the brainstem, thalamus, and hippocampus, while positive blood oxygen level–dependent responses in multiple cerebral cortices were seen using hemodynamic response functions with peaks at 5 and 7 seconds. In the remote period, 3 of 6 children had focal epileptiform discharge–related positive blood oxygen level–dependent responses in the thalamus, hippocampus, and brainstem. CONCLUSIONS: Positive blood oxygen level–dependent responses with hypsarrhythmia appeared in the brainstem, thalamus, and hippocampus on earlier hemodynamic response functions than the cerebral cortices, suggesting the propagation of epileptogenic activities from the deep brain structures to the neocortices. Activation of the hippocampus, thalamus, and brainstem was still seen in half of the patients with focal epileptiform discharges after adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy.
Long duration anaesthesia in pigs with an infusion of alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine

Abstract Pigs are commonly maintained on total intravenous anaesthesia when used in comparative medical research to study controlled manual ventilation of the lung. In this case study, four pigs were anaesthetised with a total intravenous anaesthetic infusion of alfaxalone and dexmedetomidine for up to 24 h whilst being mechanically ventilated. Cardiovascular parameters, blood gas values and body temperature were minimally affected throughout the anaesthetic period. Additional analgesia is recommended when utilising this drug combination for procedures that involve noxious stimuli.
Adaptive Language Mapping Paradigms for Presurgical Language Mapping

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Functional MR imaging is widely used for preoperative language assessment in candidates for resective neurosurgery. Language mapping paradigms that are adaptive to participant performance have the potential to engage the language network more robustly and consistently, resulting in more accurate functional maps. The aim of the current study was to compare two adaptive paradigms with the recommended language mapping paradigms that constitute the current standard of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three patients undergoing fMRI for language lateralization and/or localization completed an adaptive semantic matching paradigm, an adaptive phonological judgment paradigm, and two standard paradigms: sentence completion and word generation. The paradigms were compared in terms of the degree to which they yielded lateralized language maps and the extent of activation in frontal, temporal, and parietal language regions. RESULTS: The adaptive semantic paradigm resulted in the most strongly lateralized activation maps, the greatest extent of frontal and temporal activations, and the greatest proportion of overall satisfactory language maps. The adaptive phonological paradigm identified anterior inferior parietal phonological encoding regions in most patients, unlike any of the other paradigms. CONCLUSIONS: The adaptive language mapping paradigms investigated have several psychometric advantages compared with currently recommended paradigms. Adoption of these paradigms could increase the likelihood of obtaining satisfactory language maps in each individual patient.
Excitations in holographic quantum liquids

In this thesis we review the gauge/gravity duality and how it can be used to compute the thermodynamic properties and low-energy excitations of holographic quantum liquids - strongly-interacting field theories with a non-zero density of matter. We then study in detail the charge density excitations of two such liquids, the D3/D7 theory and the RN-AdS₄ theory, by computing the poles of their charge density Green's functions, and their charge density spectral functions. Although it is not a Landau Fermi liquid, the charge density excitations of the D3/D7 theory display many of the same properties as one, including a collisionless/hydrodynamic crossover as the temperature is increased. In contrast to this, the charge density (and energy density) excitations of the RN-AdS₄ theory do not share these properties but behave in a way that cannot be explained by Landau's theory of interacting fermionic quasiparticles. This is consistent with other results which indicate that this is not a Landau Fermi liquid.
Spatiotemporal analysis of blood plasma and blood cell flow fluctuations of cerebral microcirculation in anesthetized rats

Cerebral hemodynamics fluctuates spontaneously over broad frequency ranges. However, its spatiotemporal coherence of flow oscillations in cerebral microcirculation remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the spatiotemporal fluctuations of red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma flow in the rat cerebral microcirculation by simultaneously imaging their dynamic behaviors. Comparisons of changes in cross-section diameters between RBC and plasma flow showed dissociations in penetrating arterioles. The results indicate that vasomotion has the least effect on the lateral movement of circulating RBCs, resulting in variable changes in plasma layer thickness. Parenchymal capillaries exhibited slow fluctuations in RBC velocity (0.1 to 0.3 Hz), regardless of capillary diameter fluctuations (<0.1 Hz). Temporal fluctuations and the velocity of RBCs decreased significantly at divergent capillary bifurcations. The results indicate that a transit of RBCs generates flow resistance in the capillaries and that slow velocity fluctuations of the RBCs are subject to a number of bifurcations. In conclusion, the high-frequency oscillation of the blood flow is filtered at the bifurcation through the capillary networks. Therefore, a number of bifurcations in the cerebral microcirculation may contribute to the power of low-frequency oscillations.
Relationship between the N-Tangle and The residual entanglement of even N qubits

We show that for even n qubits, n-tangle is the square of the SLOCC polynomial invariantof degree 2. We find that the n-tangle is not the residual entanglement for any even n ≥ 4 qubits. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the vanishing of the concurrence C1(2.n). The condition implies that the concurrence C1(2.n) is always positive for any entangledstates while the n-tangle vanishes for some entangled states. We argue that for even n qubits, the concurrence C1(2.n) is equal to or greater than the n-tangle. Further, we revealthat the residual entanglement is a partial measure for product states of any n qubits whilethe n-tangle is multiplicative for some product states.
KHOVANOV-LAUDA-ROUQUIER ALGEBRAS AND CRYSTAL BASES FOR FINITE CLASSICAL TYPE (Topics in Combinatorial Representation Theory)

The Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras (or Hecke quiver algebras) were introduced independently Khovanov-Lauda [11, 12] and Rouquier [16] for providing a categorification of quantum groups associated with symmetrizable Cartan data. Let $U_{q}(\mathfrak{g})$ be a quantum group and let $R(\alpha)$ be the corresponding Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebra of weight $\alpha\in Q+$ . For a dominant integral weight $\lambda\in p+$ , the algebra $R(\alpha)$ has a special quotient $R^{\lambda}(\alpha)$ , which gives a categorification of the irreducible highest weight $U_{q}(\mathfrak{g})$-module $V(\lambda)$ with highest weight $\lambda[4,18]$ . The crystal structures of $U_{q}^{-}(\mathfrak{g})$ and $V(\lambda)$ also were interpreted in [14] in terms of irreducible modules over $R(\alpha)$ and $R^{\lambda}(\alpha)$ . The Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras were generalized to the quantum generalized Kac-Moody algebras [5, 7] and, when the Cartan datum is symmetric, geometric realizations of the Khovanov-Lauda-Rouquier algebras were given in [6, 17] via quiver varieties. In this paper, we announce the main result of our previous work [1, 8], which is an explicit construction of irreducible modules over $R(\alpha)$ and $R^{\lambda}(\alpha)$ of finite classical type. This construction differs from the one given in [2, 13] and is based on the theory of crystal bases. Though this paper is rely on [1], the description of irreducible modules in this paper is different and more combinatorial than the description given in [1]. Let us explain more precisely. Let $\mathfrak{B}(\infty)$ (resp. $\mathfrak{B}(\lambda)$ ) be the set of all isomorphism classes of irreducible graded $R(\alpha)$-modules (resp. $R^{\lambda}(\alpha)$-modules) for $\alpha\in Q^{+}$ . It is shown in [14] that there exists an crystal isomorphism $\mathfrak{B}(\infty)\simeq B(\infty)$ $($ resp. $\mathfrak{B}(\lambda)\simeq B(\lambda))$ . We first define segments $\epsilon$ to be unordered pairs of comparable elements in the basic crystals
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Atalantia monophylla: A potential eco-friendly agent for controlling blood-sucking vectors

Abstract Developing floral-based replacement molecules might manage blood-sucking vectors in an eco-friendly way. Atalantia monophylla (Am) aqueous leaf extract (ALE) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated against mosquitoes (Aedes vittatus, Anopheles subpictus, and Culex vishnui) and ticks (Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Rhipicephalus microplus, and R. sanguineus) at different concentrations. Phytochemical screening and AgNPs’ synthesis were performed on ALE of A. monophylla. UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were used to examine the synthesized Am-AgNPs. A. monophylla’s ALE included alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins, anthraquinones, and phenolics. Am-AgNPs had a higher LC50 (22.19, 23.92, 26.09, 40.25, 51.87, and 60.53 μg·mL−1, respectively) than leaf aqueous extract (LAE) against Ae. vittatus, An. subpictus, Cx. vishnui, H. bispinosa, R. microplus, and R. sanguineus larvae. A. monophylla ALE and Am-AgNPs’ bio-toxicity was investigated against aquatic and terrestrial non-target species (Acilius sulcatus, Anisops bouvieri, Araneus mitificus, and Cyrtophora moluccensis) with LC50 values ranging from 2,094.5 to 10,532.8 μg·mL−1, respectively. A. monophylla ALE and Am-AgNPs had little negative impacts on the chosen non-target fauna. Environmental protection is important nowadays. Green AgNPs are low-cost, readily accessible, environmentally safe, and effective pesticides. Am-AgNPs are effective alternative insecticides, requiring a considerable study on this plant to control blood-sucking vectors for worldwide human/animal health importance. Graphical abstract