Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural Design Methodology Based on Concepts of Uncertainty

In this report, an approach to damage-tolerant aircraft structural design is proposed based on the concept of an equivalent "Level of Safety" that incorporates past service experience in the design of new structures. The discrete "Level of Safety" for a single inspection event is defined as the compliment of the probability that a single flaw size larger than the critical flaw size for residual strength of the structure exists, and that the flaw will not be detected. The cumulative "Level of Safety" for the entire structure is the product of the discrete "Level of Safety" values for each flaw of each damage type present at each location in the structure. Based on the definition of "Level of Safety", a design procedure was identified and demonstrated on a composite sandwich panel for various damage types, with results showing the sensitivity of the structural sizing parameters to the relative safety of the design. The "Level of Safety" approach has broad potential application to damage-tolerant aircraft structural design with uncertainty.
Dynamics and statics of actin assemblies

The conversion of chemical energy into mechanical forces that powers cell movements is a ubiquitous theme across biology. The acrosome reaction of Limulus sperm is a simple example of such a dynamical transformation where a 60 pm-long crystalline bundle of actin filaments, tightly cross-linked by actin bundling protein scruin, straightens from a coiled conformation and extends from the cell in five seconds. This spring-like mechanism represents a third type of actin-based motility that is distinctly different from the better known polymerization or myosin-driven processes. To identify the basis and mechanism for this movement, we examine the possible sources of chemical and mechanical energy and show that the stored elastic energy alone is sufficient to drive the reaction. We also provide an estimate of the maximum force generated during the uncoiling by stalling the bundle using an agarose gel. Finally, we provide a simple mathematical model that rationalizes the dynamics of uncoiling. Motivated by the very stiff cross-linking in the bundle induced by scruin, we next turn to a model system of scruin mediated cross-linked actin networks where the elastic response is dominated by the properties of actin. While the biological significance of the actin crosslinking proteins is well documented, little is known about how bundling and cross-linking quantitatively affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of actin networks. We quantify the effect of scruin on actin networks using imaging techniques, co-sedimentation assays, multi-particle tracking (MPT), and bulk rheology and demonstrate how a simple entropic elasticity model for a semi-flexible polymer network explains the linear elastic regime of the actin-scruin network. Thesis Supervisor: L. Mahadevan Title: Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, DEAS, Harvard University Thesis Supervisor: Paul Matsudaira Title: Professor of Biology, Bioengineering and Environmental Science Thesis Supervisor: Peter So Title: Thesis Committee Chairman, Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Is Violin String Players Having Longer Left Fingers?

Bones are a form of specialized tissue. They are very strong and durable. Bones in our body will elongate and grow starting from the time we are born until adolescence. The rate of development of our bones will also depend on, amongst other things, the amount of nutrition, exercise and exposure to sunlight. Sunlight helps us produce vitamin D - which is important for absorbing calcium. Our bones provide the frame and structural support required to hold our flesh, organs and muscles together. They also provide protection for our vital organs. For example the ribcage protects the heart and lungs, while the skull protects our brains. Bone marrow found at the core of our bones, is used to produce blood cells and to store fat. Bones also act as a reservoir for calcium storage. In this paper, we propose, whether the experienced violinists have longer fingers on their left hand or not. This paper involved violinists who have been playing the instrument for more than 5 years.
Ginkgo biloba preparation prevents and treats senile dementia by inhibiting neuro-inflammatory responses

Purpose: To study the effect of Ginkgo biloba preparation on senile dementia and the mechanism of its action. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was produced by vascular occlusion (2-VO). The rats were administered Ginkgo biloba preparation via intra-gastric route 4 h after the operation, and then at 7:30 am every day at a dose of 100 mg/kg per day (0.5 mL/100 g, per day) for 28 days. One group of untreated model rats, and a reference group served as controls. Garcia composite score was used to evaluate the recovery of neurological function in the rats after operation. Morris water maze test was conducted to assess learning and memory abilities. Western blot was used to measure protein expressions of BACE1, TRP1 and RAGE. Serum levels of inflammatory factors IL1, IL6 and TNF were assayed by ELISA. Results: Garcia composite score showed that the neurological function of the SD rats was significantly impaired by the blockage of blood flow to the bilateral common carotid artery. However, neurological function was gradually recovered by treatment with Ginkgo biloba preparation. The escape latency and swimming distance of the rats were significantly shortened, and the number of platform crossings was gradually increased by the Ginkgo biloba preparation. With time, there was no significant difference in swimming speed between the groups. Western blot data showed that expression of BACE1, TRP1 and RAGE gradually decreased. Results from ELISA indicate that with time, Ginkgo biloba preparation decreased the expressions of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in the reference group. Conclusion: The preventive and therapeutic effects of Ginkgo biloba preparation extract on senile dementia may be related to its inhibition of neuro-inflammatory reaction. Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Neuro-inflammatory reactions, Ginkgo biloba preparation
A New Quadruples E-Core Transformer To Minimize Output Ripple Current

A new quadruples E-transformer made of ferrite is proposed in this paper. In order to control magnetic flux (w) in the ferrite with coil in the primary and secondary core transformer, wire coil should be twisted 50 with tiny air gap, resulting in higher efficiency. However, it should be suitable to heavy system loads. Otherwise, it will influence the duty cycle, and it will create ripple current for about 10 percents. The fixed air gap should be evaluated with respect to magneto motive (mmf), as one of their electromagnetic field sources in the system. In addition, the adjusted magnetic flux (w) also can be controlled by inserting air gaps, and the magnetic flux can be justified by varying the width of gap. In this experiment six air gaps are inserted in the quadruples E-transformer. The coil is composed of a ring wire gauge in which each ring wire gauge has radius r is 0.0004 m give the ripple current 0.036%. So the New quadruples E-transformer help greatly to make system more stable.
Nomogram to Predict the Risk of Postoperative Anxiety and Depression in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Purpose To develop and validate the risk nomogram to predict the likelihood of postoperative anxiety and depression in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods A total of 602 CRC patients from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were included in the study and divided into development set and validation set with the 2:1 ratio randomly. Logistic regression model was used to determine independent factors contributing to postoperative anxiety and depression, which were subsequently applied to build the nomogram for predicting postoperative anxiety and depression. The performance of the risk nomogram was appraised by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analyses (DCA). Results Gender, personal status, income, adjuvant therapy, the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Scale (ECOG) score, comorbidity, postoperative complications and stoma status were significant indicators for postoperative anxiety and depression. The AUCs for the development and validation sets were 0.792 and 0.812 for the postoperative anxiety nomogram and 0.805 and 0.825 for the postoperative depression nomogram. Additionally, calibration curves and decision curve analyses also determined the reliable clinical importance of the proposed nomogram. Conclusion The current study constructed the risk nomogram for postoperative anxiety and depression and could help clinicians determine high-risk patients to some extent.
Airfoil self-noise and prediction

A prediction method is developed for the self-generated noise of an airfoil blade encountering smooth flow. The prediction methods for the individual self-noise mechanisms are semiempirical and are based on previous theoretical studies and data obtained from tests of two- and three-dimensional airfoil blade sections. The self-noise mechanisms are due to specific boundary-layer phenomena, that is, the boundary-layer turbulence passing the trailing edge, separated-boundary-layer and stalled flow over an airfoil, vortex shedding due to laminar boundary layer instabilities, vortex shedding from blunt trailing edges, and the turbulent vortex flow existing near the tip of lifting blades. The predictions are compared successfully with published data from three self-noise studies of different airfoil shapes. An application of the prediction method is reported for a large scale-model helicopter rotor, and the predictions compared well with experimental broadband noise measurements. A computer code of the method is given.
Variability in Multi-Tenant Enterprise Software

Enterprise software applications have changed significantly over the last decades. Increasingly, software is deployed in a central location to be accessed through the internet, instead of installing software at end-users. Having software in a central location enables multi-tenancy, where multiple customers transparently share a system’s resources. Currently, multi-tenancy is a popular way to offer functionality of a software product through the internet to numerous customers, offering many advantages to both software vendors and customers. A challenge in this domain is offering variable features to multiple customers. This dissertation provides software architecture patterns for the realization of variability in multi-tenancy settings, in the domain of online enterprise software. The results support software architects on structuring the decision making process by providing a collection of multi-tenant architecture and variability patterns, guidelines for pattern selection, and a model to setup pattern evaluation and comparison sessions. The results reported have been gathered from case studies at software companies and evaluated by experts from the software industry. With these artifacts in hand, software architects can make well-informed decisions and find appropriate patterns for their specific situation, solving the challenges involved in selecting an architecture that supports multi-tenant online enterprise software. Also, these research results contribute to academia by reporting on numerous case studies in an emerging domain and presenting a vocabulary for further and more extensive research.
Canonical Least-Squares Monte Carlo: Empirical Evidences from S&P 100 Index and IBM Puts

This paper tests empirically the recently proposed canonical least-squares Monte-Carlo (CLM) method for pricing American options. Market data used are daily last prices for the American style S&P 100 Index puts (OEX puts) and IBM puts from 30 July 2008 to 30 January 2009, the period of which covers the US financial crisis of 2008. Unlike what have been done in many other similar empirical studies, rates interpolated from the US Treasury yield curve are used, and dividends, a continuous constant yield for the S&P 100 Index and a fixed cash amount for the IBM common stock, are taken into consideration. Compared with the benchmark prices from finite difference using historic volatilities, CLM outperforms in almost all twelve categories of moneyness and maturity for both OEX and IBM puts, and is shown to be a viable alternative for pricing American style options.
Key Phrase Extraction by Term Clustering using Proposed Graph Based Ranking Model Method

This paper proposes a novel keyphrase extraction procedure which is referred as term clustering based keyphrase extraction (TCKE). The proposed graph-based keyphrase extraction method using TCKE is employed and the objective of this work is to extract the most important terms from the journal document. The proposed model consists of three sets namely document pre-processing, display of terms in graphical formats, and efficient retrieval of keywords. In pre-processing stage, the document is tokenized and removed the stop words from the text document. Further, the important terms are extracted and clustered into keyphrases. The term clustering proposed in this paper is employed to find the candidate keyphrases. Using this candidate keyphrases, keyphrase graph is constructed. The experimental analysis is carried out in journal article and the results depict that the proposed graph-based keyphrase extraction technique can effectively extracts the most important terms from journal document.
A Calibration of the Revic Software Cost Estimating Model.

Abstract : This s%dy examined the change in performance resulting from cajibration of the REVIC software cost model and whether calibration improced the model's ability to estimate softrrare development costs. Three calibrations were conducted On two operating environments using the SMC database. The calibrations consisted of one coefficient only and two coefficient and exponent calibtations, using different procedures. Analysis of the goodmss of fit" was accomplished using MRE, MMRE, RMS, RRMS, and the prediction test to measure the model's improvement in predicting ability. The Wilcoxon and Wilk-Shapiro tests were used to test for normality of the sample 6tsi The autbor concluded that the REVIC model's predicting ability is insufficient when more than one independent variable is impacting cost. IR the case of the two operating en'viromtnents selected, military groud and unman% space, the improvement in the estrmating ability of the model, following calibration, was insfficient to predict cost in either the military goottnd or the unnsn% space environment withan an acceptable confidence level.
Site Analysis: Linking Program and Concept in Land Planning and Design

Preface. Acknowledgments. PROCESS AND TOOLS. Land and Society. Spatial Information and Mapping. SITE SELECTION AND PROGRAMMING. Site Selection. Programming. SITE INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS. Site Inventory: Physical Attributes. Site Inventory: Biological Attributes. Site Inventory: Cultural Attributes. Site Analysis: Integration and Synthesis. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION. Concept Development. Design Development and Implementation. Appendix: Sources for Resources. Glossary. References. Index.
HYBRID NUCLEAR/FUEL-CELL SUBMARINE

This paper describes the concept design for a hybrid nuclear/fuel-cell power plant for a submarine capable of nuclear powered high speed transits and fuel-cell powered slow speed operations. Additionally, the concept provides a fully air independent auxiliary power source to increase safety in the event of unplanned reactor shutdowns during under-ice operations and high sea states. The PEM fuelcells provide 477kW, sufficient to power the 3,000 tonne submarine to a maximum sustainable 8 knot dived speed. Sufficient hydrogen and compressed oxygen is carried to provide 7 days fuel-cell operations at an average 6 knots; the fuel-cell system could either be distributed around the hull or inserted as a 5.6m plug. The selection of reversible fuel-cells allows onboard hydrogen and oxygen regeneration whilst in nuclear mode, negating the requirement for separate electrolysers. A full safety analysis failed to identify any risk from hydrogen although using compressed pure oxygen requires further investigation. NOMENCLATURE
Innovation as the critical capability for business performance of Malaysian manufacturing SMEs

There are many factors plaguing the performance of small businesses in general. However, not many studies have been done to ascertain particular capability as important and significant in influencing the business performance of particular industry. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used in the study. Data were gathered from 290 SMEs through a proportionate sampling design from the six top industries representing the manufacturing sector via a nationwide survey. They reportedly admitted to the need of innovation capabilities to drive business performance. Furthermore, both quality system and technical capabilities are more prevalent for manufacturing SMEs in influencing business success compared to other capabilities like finance and management. This study has provided the evidence for manufacturing entrepreneurs to migrate from financial dependence to innovation dependence for business success. The findings may provide a new research avenue like defining innovative characteristics/competencies required of SMEs as a driver for success.
Det spelar roll vad arbetsledare gör

Trots mycket ledarskapsforskning saknas kunskap om ledarskapsbeteenden i praktiken och dess paverkan pa medarbetares prestation. Med tillampad beteendeanalys i arbetsledning vill vi ta reda pa vad arbetsledare gor i interaktionen med sina medarbetare. Syftet med var forskning ar att bidra till detaljerad kunskap om arbetsledandebeteenden och dess paverkan och effekt. I denna artikel beskriver vi kortfattat fyra genomforda och pagaende studier inom projektet. Vad arbetsledare upplever att de gor skiljer sig fran vad de faktiskt gor varfor vi anvander oss av observation som metod. I forsta hand ror det sig om videoobservationer pa arbetsledare och chefer i arbetsledande situationer pa svenska arbetsplatser inom vitt skilda branscher som kodas i ett webverktyg utvecklat utifran Judith Komakis OSTI (Operant Supervisory Taxonomy and Index).
A correction function method to solve incompressible fluid flows to high accuracy with immersed geometries

Numerical simulations of incompressible viscous flows in realistic configurations are increasingly important in many scientific and engineering fields. In Aeronautics, for instance, relatively cheap numerical computations replace costly hours of wind tunnel investigations in the early design stages of new aircraft. However, standard methods to obtain numerical solutions over complex geometries require sophisticated meshing techniques and intensive human interaction. In contrast, "immersed methods" incorporate complex boundaries and/or interfaces into regular meshes (Cartesian meshes or simple triangulations). Hence, immersed methods simplify the task of mesh generation and are of great interest in the study of incompressible viscous flows. The objective of this thesis is to advance current immersed methods by formulations that yield highly accurate discretizations without compromising computational efficiency. This is achieved by introducing a new type of immersed method, the correction function method. This new method is based on the concept of a correction function that provides smooth extensions of the solution across boundaries and/or interfaces, such that standard (accurate and efficient) discretizations of the governing equations remain valid everywhere in the computational domain. Furthermore, the key concept behind the correction function method is the introduction of the correction functions as solutions to partial differential equations, which are defined locally around the immersed boundaries and interfaces. Then, we can solve these equations to any desired order of accuracy, resulting in high accuracy methods. Specifically, in this thesis the correction function method is implemented to 4 th order of accuracy in the context of Poisson's equation, the heat equation, and the nonlinear convection advection diffusion in 2D. Then, these techniques are combined 3 to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, which govern the dynamics of incompressible viscous flows. Thesis Supervisor: Rodolfo R. Rosales Title: Professor of Applied Mathematics Thesis Supervisor: Jean-Christophe Nave Title: Professor of Mathematics
Development of an in vitro model of contraction by fibroblasts

Dermal scars in adult humans are mechanically and functionally inferior to normal skin and can be physically disfiguring. The contraction of the wound by fibroblasts has been linked to the formation of scar. The mechanical and chemical signals, which control the contraction, are being investigated through the use of models of fibroblast contraction to understand the conditions which promote tissue regeneration. A cell force monitor (CFM) was designed and constructed to measure quantitatively the contraction of a highly-porous, collagen-GAG matrix by fibroblasts. Using this device, contractile force, displacement, and kinetics were compared for different values of cell density and total stiffness resisting fibroblast contraction. In addition, observation of live cells contracting individual matrix struts established the cellular mechanisms responsible for the matrix contraction measured in the CFM. Observation of live cells revealed that macroscopic contraction of the collagen-GAG matrix was the result of forces generated during cell elongation. Contractile force normalized by the number of attached cells (~1 nN per cell) was independent of cell density (400 2,000 cells/mrrr') and total stiffness resisting contraction (0.7.:. 10.7 N/m). Total contractile force was dependent on the cell density. These results indicated that the contractile force developed during fibroblast elongation was determined at the level of individual cells (not cooperatively) and was limited by force per cell (not displacement per cell). The kinetics of macroscopic matrix contraction were also independent of cell density and system stiffness; contractile force reached an asymptotic value in ~ 15 h. Observation of live cells found the macroscopic time dependence likely resulted from the stochastic nature of cell elongation initiation and the time required for the fibroblasts to elongate completely (~2-4 h). Therefore, the time dependence of macroscopic matrix contraction did not reflect the time dependence of force generation by individual fibroblasts, but rather an average for the entire population. Thesis Co-Supervisor: Lorna J. Gibson Title: Matoulas S. Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Thesis Co-Supervisor: Ioannis V. Yannas Title: Professor of Polymer Science and Engineering