Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probability and Statistics in Psychometric Research: Item Analysis and Classification Techniques

As in other disciplines, statistics and probability have a strong impact on the growth and development of the psychological sciences; and the substantive problems of the psychological sciences, in turn, are instrumental in the growth and development of concepts and methodology in statistics and probability. Moreover, this relationship now also exists, to a much smaller degree, between other mathematical disciplines and the psychological sciences. This marriage of the two subjects has certainly been a legitimate affair since Galton's genius operated in the second half of the nineteenth century. Probability continually looms as an important tool for measurement problems in psychology, and statistics does its share once a probabilistic model has been formulated. This paper was sandwiched between two others1 whose titles illustrate this point very well. In the previous paper by Mosteller you were invited to look at recent thinking in probabilistic models in learning theory and some of the statistical problems connected with the estimation of the parameters of the models. If I may assume one of the prerogatives of the statistician, I should like to "predict" that you will be treated to a similar repast in the paper by Anderson in connection with "common factor" factor analytic models, one of the earliest attempts at measurement of mental ability. However, the important point to be brought out by the comparison is that in the old sometimes maligned model discussed by Anderson only questions of inference for parameters of the model are analyzed in a statistically sophisticated manner with not much attention to the validity of the model; while in Mosteller's discussion of a rather new measurement device in learning theory the emphasis is on the validity of the model. At this point one might add a trite statement, namely, that the statistician or probabilist should work closely with the psychologist so that the inference machinery of the statistician, the tools of the probabilist, and the imagination and experience of the psychologist can be jointly brought to bear on the simultaneous construction of both a valid model and the inference devices necessary to demonstrate that the model is tenable on the basis of sample observations. However, who is to determine whether the stat-
Synthesis and Characterization of ZIF-67 Mixed Matrix Nanobiocatalysis for CO2 Adsorption Performance

In this study, ZIF-67-based mixed matrix membrane was synthesized with a solution casting method using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent. The as-synthesized ZIF-67 was characterized using PXRD, TGA, ATR-FTIR, and BET analysis for the surface area measurements. The minimum 3 wt% loading of ZIF-67 was incorporated within a hydrophobic polymer to evaluate the CO2 adsorption performance of ZIF-67. The stability of ZIF-67 in pure water and inorganic solvents was investigated. The maximum CO2 adsorption of the ZIF-67 mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) was 0.5 mmol/g at 273 K, which is higher than that of the pure polymer. The fabricated ZIF-67-based mixed-matrix membrane showed higher CO2 capture even at lower MOF loading using THF. The current study highly recommends the combination of hydrophobic polysulfone and a water-stable ZIF-67 for CO2 capture from wet flue gases. Graphical Abstract Flowsheet diagram for ZIF-67 membrane preparation.
Research progress on the mechanism of radiation enteritis

Radiation enteritis (Re) is one of the most common complications of radiation therapy for abdominal tumors. The efficacy of cancer treatment by radiation is often limited by the side effects of Re. Re can be acute or chronic. Treatment of acute Re is essentially symptomatic. However, chronic Re usually requires surgical procedures. The underlying mechanisms of Re are complex and have not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the pathogenesis of Re. We reviewed the role of intestinal epithelial cells, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), vascular endothelial cells (ECs), intestinal microflora, and other mediators of Re, noting that a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Re may lead to better treatment modalities.
Cytological alterations and oxidative stress induced by Cerium and Neodymium in lentil seedlings and onion bulbs

Rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 15 elements, the lanthanides and Yttrium and Scandium, with similar chemical and physical properties. Their use for many advanced technological applications remarkably increased in the last decades, and it was associated with an intensive extraction of such elements from their ores. Consequently, increasing amounts of either REE-containing by-products, deriving from the extraction process, and REE-containing wastes, deriving from the disposal of REE-containing devices, are reaching the environmental systems both at the local and global levels, as never in the past. Few data in the literature concern the effect (beneficial or toxic) induced by REEs application in terrestrial plant species and at different physiological stages. A set of experiments with exposure to two REEs was performed on some plants to evaluate this. Data of investigations focused on the exposure of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) seedlings and onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs to cerium chloride (CeCl3) and neodymium chloride (NdCl3) at different concentrations for 72 h. Results showed alteration of the growth rate and the levels of some parameters considered as biomarkers of stress (reactive oxygen species and antioxidant systems). An increase in some mitotic aberrations was also observed in the root tissues of both species. The results indicate that the sensitivity of lentil in this bioassay is higher for lower concentrations compared to onion. Also, lower concentrations of these REEs had a positive effect on the growth rate of lentils underlining the complex interaction occurring between REEs and different plant organisms.
A Direct Derivation of the Griffith-Irwin Relationship using a Crack tip Unloading Stress Wave Model

It is the purpose of this short paper to show that the well known Griffiths theory of brittle fracture can be re-interpreted as a simple case of a modified Hamiltonian, and corresponds to a stationary action solution using the Euler-Lagrange equations. In this derivation it is still necessary to employ the equivalence with Irwins stress intensity factor approach to obtain the Griffith-Irwin equation. It is then shown that if physics of fracture is modelled using a simplified crack tip stress wave unloading model, then the Griffith-Irwin relationship can be derived in a single process, which is a major simplification of the procedure. Also the simplified crack tip stress wave unloading model employed gives a much clearer view of the basic physics of fracture. Keywords: Fracture, Griffiths, Hamiltonians, stress waves.
Pathogenesis and treatment of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: A review

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a serious complication of SLE that involves the nervous system and produces neurological or psychiatric symptoms. After decades of research, it is now believed that the diverse clinical manifestations of NPSLE are associated with intricate mechanisms, and that genetic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, vascular lesions, multiple autoimmune antibodies, cytokines, and neuronal cell death may all contribute to the development of NPSLE. The complexity and diversity of NPSLE manifestations and the clinical overlap with other related neurological or psychiatric disorders make its accurate diagnosis difficult and time-consuming. Therefore, in this review, we describe the known pathogenesis and potential causative factors of NPSLE and briefly outline its treatment that may help in the diagnosis and treatment of NPSLE.
Eomes function is conserved between zebrafish and mouse and controls left-right organiser progenitor gene expression via interlocking feedforward loops

The T-box family transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) is present in all vertebrates, with many key roles in the developing mammalian embryo and immune system. Homozygous Eomes mutant mouse embryos exhibit early lethality due to defects in both the embryonic mesendoderm and the extraembryonic trophoblast cell lineage. In contrast, zebrafish lacking the predominant Eomes homologue A (Eomesa) do not suffer complete lethality and can be maintained. This suggests fundamental differences in either the molecular function of Eomes orthologues or the molecular configuration of processes in which they participate. To explore these hypotheses we initially analysed the expression of distinct Eomes isoforms in various mouse cell types. Next we compared the functional capabilities of these murine isoforms to zebrafish Eomesa. These experiments provided no evidence for functional divergence. Next we examined the functions of zebrafish Eomesa and other T-box family members expressed in early development, as well as its paralogue Eomesb. Though Eomes is a member of the Tbr1 subfamily we found evidence for functional redundancy with the Tbx6 subfamily member Tbx16, known to be absent from eutherians. However, Tbx16 does not appear to synergise with Eomesa cofactors Mixl1 and Gata5. Finally, we analysed the ability of Eomesa and other T-box factors to induce zebrafish left-right organiser progenitors (known as dorsal forerunner cells) known to be positively regulated by vgll4l, a gene we had previously shown to be repressed by Eomesa. Here we demonstrate that Eomesa indirectly upregulates vgll4l expression via interlocking feedforward loops, suggesting a role in establishment of left-right asymmetry. Conversely, other T-box factors could not similarly induce left-right organiser progenitors. Overall these findings demonstrate conservation of Eomes molecular function and participation in similar processes, but differential requirements across evolution due to additional co-expressed T-box factors in teleosts, albeit with markedly different molecular capabilities. Our analyses also provide insights into the role of Eomesa in left-right organiser formation in zebrafish.
A method for estimating the parameters of a seasonally oscillating growth curve from growth increment data

Various studies summarized in Longhurst and Pauly (1987) have demonstrated that the growth of fishes and aquatic invertebrates oscillates seasonally, even in the tropics. Such growth oscillation, which can be detected in most sets of length-at-age data, can also be detected in most sets of growth increment data, e.g. from tagging-recapture data, even in coral reef fishes (Pauly and Ingles 1982). To "be able to do this, however, one must use a model structured such that growth oscillations will be picked up if they occur in the growth increment data at hand. Such models have been presented by Pauly and Ingles (1981), Pauly (1984) and Appeldoom (1987), who adapted for use with growth increment data the seasonally oscillating growth model of Pauly and Gaschiitz (1979). Appeldoom's model, as reformulated by Somers (1980), is a modified version of the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) of the form:
Divergent trajectories of flows on homogeneous spaces and Diophantine approximation.

Let G be a connected Lie group and Γ be a lattice in G; that is, Γ is a discrete subgroup of G such that G/Γ admits a finite G-invariant measure. Let {gt}teP be a oneparameter subgroup of G. The action of {gf} on G/T (on the left) induces a flow on G/Γ. The ergodic theory of these flows is extensively studied and, at least from a certain point of view, satisfactorily understood (cf. [6] and its references). Thus, for instance, it is possible to determine, in terms of the position of {gt} in G relative to Γ, whether the flow admits dense trajectories {gt χ Γ | t ̂ 0}, where χ e G, and whether a generic trajectory (either with respect to the measure or topologically) is dense in G/Γ. In general, however, there exist exceptional trajectories which are not dense, but to describe their set is a very difficult task; for an arbitrary one-parameter subgroup this is known only when G is a nilpotent Lie group (cf. [18] for that case and [16] for results on horocycle flows).
A PHONETIC STUDY OF OVERTONE SINGING

We describe the phenomenon of overtone singing in terms of the classical theory of speech production. The overtone sound stems from the second formant or a combination of both the second and third fonnants, as the result of careful, rounded articulation from ID], via schwa [8] to /y/ and [1]. Strong nasalisation provides, at least for the lower overtones, an acoustic separation between the second and first formants, and can also reduce the amplitude of the first formant. The bandwidth of the overtone peak is remarkably small and suggests a firm and relatively long closure of the glottis during overtone phonation. Perception experiments showed that listeners categorize the overtone sounds differently from normally sung vowels.
Fusion of Machine Learning and MPC under Uncertainty: What Advances Are on the Horizon?

This paper provides an overview of the recent research efforts on the integration of machine learning and model predictive control under uncertainty. The paper is organized as a collection of four major categories: learning models from system data and prior knowledge; learning control policy parameters from closed-loop performance data; learning efficient approximations of iterative online optimization from policy data; and learning optimal cost-to-go representations from closed-loop performance data. In addition to reviewing the relevant literature, the paper also offers perspectives for future research in each of these areas.
Disrupted interhemispheric functional connectivity in primary angle-closure glaucoma: a functional MRI study: voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients

The purpose of the study is to use the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) technique to explore the pattern of the interhemispheric functional connectivity in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). The interhemispheric functional connectivity was compared between 31 individuals with PACG and 31 healthy controls closely matched with sex, age, and educational level using the VMHC technique. Significant differences in VMHC between two groups were selected to be classification features for classifying individuals with PACG from healthy controls using the support vector machine algorithm of the machine learning. We used the permutation test analysis to assess the classification performance. In addition, the Pearson analysis was applied to explore the relationship between changed VMHC and clinical varieties in patients with PACG. Compared with healthy controls, individuals with PACG exhibited significantly lower VMHC signal values in the right calcarine, right cuneus, right superior occipital gyrus, and right postcentral gyrus [voxel level: P < 0.001, Gaussian random field correction, cluster level: P < 0.05]. Moreover, the results displayed that the total accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the machine learning classification were 0.758, 0.710, and 0.807, respectively (P < 0.001, nonparametric permutation test). The findings demonstrated that there is disturbed interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity in the vision-related brain areas of individuals with PACG; and the VMHC variability can classify individuals with PACG from healthy controls with high accuracy, which provided novel evidence for understanding the neuropathological mechanism of PACG.
Global topology of the Hitchin system

Here we survey several results and conjectures on the cohomology of the total space of the Hitchin system: the moduli space of semi-stable rank n and degree d Higgs bundles on a complex algebraic curve C. The picture emerging is a dynamic mixture of ideas originating in theoretical physics such as gauge theory and mirror symmetry, Weil conjectures in arithmetic algebraic geometry, representation theory of finite groups of Lie type and Langlands duality in number theory.
Normality and paracompactness of the Fell topology

Let X be a Hausdor(cid:11) topological space and CL ( X ) the hyperspace of all closed nonempty subsets of X . We show that the Fell topology on CL ( X ) is normal if and only if the space X is Lindel¨of and locally compact. For the Fell topology normality, paracompactness and Lindel¨ofness are equivalent.
A probabilistic proof of cutoff in the Metropolis algorithm for the Erdős-Rényi random graph

We study mixing of the Metropolis algorithm for a distribution on the hypercube that corresponds to the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph with edge probability p. This Markov chain has cutoff at max{p,1-p} n log n with window size n, a result proved by Diaconis and Ram (2000) using Fourier analysis. Here we give an alternative proof that relies on coupling and a projection to a two-dimensional Markov chain. This is done in the hope that probabilistic techniques will be easier to generalize to less symmetric distributions. We also describe a close relationship between the Metropolis and Gibbs samplers for this model. Our proof extends to the case where the edge probabilities vary with n. In that case, we also show that a natural coordinate wise coupling is sharp if and only if the edge probabilities are of order 1/n.
Theory of spin-fluctuation induced superconductivity in iron-based superconductors

In this dissertation we focus on the investigation of the pairing mechanism in the recently discovered high-temperature superconductor, iron pnictides. Due to the proximity to magnetic instability of the system, we considered short-range spin fluctuations as the major mediating source to induce superconductivity. Our calculation supports the magnetic fluctuations as a strong candidate that drives Cooper-pair formation in this material. We find the corresponding order parameter to be of the so-called sś-wave type and show its evolution with temperature as well as the capability of supporting high transition temperature up to several tens of Kelvin. On the other hand, our itinerant model calculation shows pronounced spin correlation at the observed antiferromagnetic ordering wave vector, indicating the underlying electronic structure in favor of antiferromagnetic state. Therefore, the electronic degrees of freedom could participate both in the magnetic and in the superconducting properties. Our work shows that the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity plays an important role to the understanding of the rich physics in this material. The magnetic-excitation spectrum carries important information on the nature of magnetism and the characteristics of superconductivity. We analyze the spin excitation spectrum in the normal and superconducting states of iron pnictides in the magnetic scenario. As a consequence of the sign-reversed gap structure obtained in the above, a spin resonance mode appears below the superconducting transition temperature. The calculated resonance energy, scaled with the gap magnitude and the magnetic correlation length, agrees well with the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. More interestingly, we find a common feature of those short-range spin fluctuations that are capable of inducing a fully gapped sś state is the momentum anisotropy with elongated span along the direction transverse to the antiferromagnetic momentum transfer. This calculated intrinsic anisotropy exists both in the normal and in the superconducting state, which naturally explains the elliptically shaped magnetic responses
Guided autotransplantation of tooth: An innovative approach

This case report describes a novel approach of guided autotransplantation of tooth so that we can assess its feasibility, accuracy, and stability. In the present case, autotransplantation of a third molar at the recipient site of mandibular first molar was done. Three-dimensional (3D) replica of donor tooth along with surgical guiding template was virtually designed and fabricated using 3D printing. The 3D replica and surgical template helped in the surgical modification of recipient site and placement of donor tooth in the exact position. Root canal treatment of the donor tooth was carried out after 2 weeks. At 6 months' follow-up, the transplanted tooth was functional with no evidence of mobility or periodontal inflammation. Radiographic evaluation showed the absence of widening of periodontal space and external root resorption. Hence, the transplantation of the third molar is an outstanding procedure for replacing a lost permanent molar tooth which in turn restores esthetics and function.
Robust Control Systems: Theory and Case Studies

1 Introduction. - 2 Rational Transfer Functions. - 3 SISO Feedback Systems. - 4 Classical Design Methods. - 5 Linear Dynamical Systems. - 6 Basic Properties of Multivariable Feedback Systems. - 7 Norms of Systems and Performance. - 8 H2 Optimal Control. - 9 H? Optimal Control: Riccati-Approach. - 10 H? Optimal Control: LMI-Approach and Applications. - 11 Case Studies for H2 and H? Optimal Control . - 12 Representation of Uncertainty. - 13 Synthesis of Robust Controllers. - 14 Case Studies for Robust Control. - A Mathematical Background. - Notation and Symbols.
Longitudinally Excited CO2 Laser

In the mid-infrared region (3 – 30 μm), there are only several kinds of commercial laser as shown in Fig. 1. A CO2 laser is very important because the CO2 laser emits high output energy and various pulse shapes at the wavelength region between 9.2 μm and 11.4 μm with a high absorptivity in many substances. The first CO2 laser was developed by C. K. N. Patel in 1964 and had a continuous output power of a few milliwatts (Patel, 1964). In 1968, the pulsed CO2 laser was developed by A. E. Hill and had a few joules (Hill, 1968). Nowadays, various types of CO2 lasers have been developed. The characteristics of CO2 laser pulses are determined by the discharge tube structure (a longitudinal excitation scheme like Fig. 2 (a) or a transversal excitation scheme like Fig. 2 (b)), the discharge types (DC discharge, RF discharge, or pulsed discharge) and the oscillation system (CW oscillation, Q-switched oscillation, or pulsed oscillation).
Entanglement in a Bipartite Gaussian State

To examine the loss of entanglement in a two-particle Gaussian system, we couple it to an environment and use the Non-Rotating Wave master equation to study the system's dynamics. We also present a derivation of this equation. We consider two di�fferent types of evolution. Under free evolution we �and that entanglement is lost quickly between the particles. When a harmonic potential is added between the particles, two very different behaviours can be observed, namely in the over and under-damped cases respectively, where the strength of the damping is determined by how large the coupling to the bath is with respect to the frequency of the potential. In the over-damped case, we �nd that the entanglement vanishes at even shorter times than it does in the free evolution. In the (very) under-damped case, we observe that the entanglement does not vanish. Instead it oscillates towards a stable value