Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic spiralling: the role of multiple interactive flow paths in stream ecosystems

We develop and illustrate the concept of ‘hydrologic spiralling’ using a high‐resolution (2 × 2 m grid cell) simulation of hyporheic hydrology across a 1.7 km2 section of the sand, gravel and cobble floodplain aquifer of the upper Umatilla River of northeastern Oregon, USA. We parameterized the model using a continuous map of surface water stage derived from LIDAR remote sensing data. Model results reveal the presence of complex spatial patterns of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales. We use simulation results to describe streams as a collection of hierarchically organized, individual flow paths that spiral across ecotones within streams and knit together stream ecosystems. Such a view underscores the importance of: (1) gross hyporheic exchange rates in rivers, (2) the differing ecological roles of short and long hyporheic flow paths, and (3) the downstream movement of water and solutes outside of the stream channel (e.g. in the alluvial aquifer). Hydrologic spirals underscore important limitations of empirical measures of biotic solute uptake from streams and provide a needed hydrologic framework for emerging research foci in stream ecology such as hydrologic connectivity, spatial and temporal variation in biogeochemical cycling rates and the role of stream geomorphology as a dominant control on stream ecosystem dynamics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic evaluation of remote patient monitoring and organizational analysis according to patient involvement: a scoping review

Abstract Background A literature review concerning the economic evaluation of telemonitoring was requested by the authority in charge of health evaluation in France, in a context of deployment of remote patient monitoring and identification of its financing. Due to the heterogeneity of existing telemonitoring solutions, it was necessary to stratify the evaluation according to patient involvement. Three levels of patient involvement are considered: weak (automated monitoring), medium (monitoring supported by a professional), and strong (active remote participation). Objectives We performed a scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of different systems of telemonitoring and their reported cost-effectiveness. Methods Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a search was performed in four databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library between January 1, 2013 and May 19, 2020. Remote patient monitoring should include the combination of three elements: a connected device, an organizational solution for data analysis and alert management, and a system allowing personalized interactions, and three degrees of involvement. Results We identified 61 eligible studies among the 489 records identified. Heart failure remains the pathology most represented in the studies selected (n = 24). The cost-utility analysis was chosen in a preponderant way (n = 41). Forty-four studies (72 percent) reported that the intervention was expected cost-effective. Heterogeneity has been observed in the remote monitoring solutions but all systems are reported cost-effective. The small number of long-term studies does not allow conclusions to be drawn on the transposability. Conclusions Remote patient monitoring is reported to be cost-effective whatever the system and patient involvement.
Effects of EGFR driver mutations on pathologic regression in resectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation and completion surgery

Objective We hypothesized that driver mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are associated with decreased pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NA-ChRT) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Methods Patients with Stage IIB-IIIA NSCLC treated with NA-ChRT, completion surgery, and underwent molecular profile testing were identified in a lung cancer database. Pathologic response was quantified using: (i) major pathologic response (MPR), (ii) complete pathologic response (pCR), and (iii) mean residual viable tumor cells (MRTC). Two groups were formed based on the presence or absence of driver mutations. Clinical and pathological correlations between the groups were studied. Results Forty-seven patients underwent tumor molecular profile testing, NA-ChRT, and completion surgery. Compared to the no-driver mutation group, the driver mutation group had lower MPR (23% vs 71%, p = 0.003), pCR (0% vs 26%, p = 0.02), and higher MRTC (43.4% vs 15.8%, p = 0.009). Univariate analysis showed an increased MPR rate for smokers, squamous cell histology, ChRT-surgery interval >65 days, and no-driver mutations. Multivariate analysis showed that only no-driver mutations (OR 0.39, p = 0.02) remained significant for MPR. PD-L1 status did not affect MPR. At 2 years, the driver mutation group had lower rates of local control (Hazard ration [HR] 0.67, p = 0.17) and disease-free survival (HR 0.5, p = 0.001). Overall survival was similar for both groups (HR = 1.04, p = 0.86). Conclusion Following 60 Gray NA-ChRT, tumors with a driver mutation had lower MPR and pCR rates than tumors without a driver mutation. PD-L1 was not associated with tumor regression. Advances in knowledge Patients with resectable LA-NSCLC and an EGFR driver mutation treated with neoadjuvant-ChRT and completion surgery have reduced pathologic regression, lower local control rates, and shorter disease-free survival than patients without a driver mutation. Evaluation of molecular testing should be introduced in LA-NSCLC intended for prognostication and treatment decisions.
Uncertainties in process-based modelling for environmental assessment

Many different process-based models of ecosystems are in use today. The majority of these models are parameter-rich, deterministic dynamic models, which require considerable input information and computation time. These characteristics, combined with the fact that the models tend to be parameterised at the point-support spatial scale, have made their use for larger regions problematic. Quantifying the uncertainties caused by incomplete knowledge of model inputs and structure, as well as uncertainty due to upscaling, is a difficult task. Various examples of model application and uncertainty quantification are presented here and the possibility to use a Bayesian approach to uncertainty quantification is discussed.
Spatial Econometric Methods for Modeling Origin Destination Flows

Spatial econometric theory and practice have been dominated by a focus on object data. In economic analysis these objects correspond to economic agents with discrete locations in geographic space, such as addresses, census tracts and regions. In contrast spatial interaction or flow data pertain to measurements each of which is associated with a link or pair of origin-destination locations that represent points or areas in space. While there is a voluminous literature on the specification and estimation of models for cross-sectional object data (see, Chapter C.1 in this volume), less attention has been paid to sample data consisting of origin-destination pairs that form the basic units of analysis in spatial interaction models.
The influence of the tooth preparation finish line position on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the presence of periodontopathogens in the gingival crevicular fluid.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and changes in the presence of periodontopathogens in the gingival crevicular fluid before and after tooth preparation with the subgingival and equigingival finish line position. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinical prospective study included 20 subjects with an indication for upper canine preparation, with the subgingival (group 1) and equigingival finish line (group 2). Samples were taken in four observation intervals: 5 minutes before (control samples), as well as 15 minutes, 24 and 72 hours after tooth preparation (experimental samples). Measurement of MMP-9 was done using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The presence of bacteria in the gingival fluid was proven by the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. RESULTS The MMP-9 values did not differ statistically significantly between the groups (p=0.524). The MMP-9 values showed a statistically significant difference in the given observation period (p<0.001) with a significant linear increase in values (p<0.001). A significant quadratic trend recorded a decrease in the MMP-9 values 15 minutes after preparation, and an increase 24 hours after preparation, without a significant difference in the interaction between groups (p=0.392). After preparation, a significant difference in the presence of periodontopathogens was confirmed, i.e., a decrease in the presence of Prevotella intermedia (p=0.025) and Tannerella forsythia (p=0.016) in group 1, and an increase in the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in both groups (p=0.029, p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS The study is a good basis for determining the influence of tooth preparation on gingival inflammation, with therapeutic (choice of preparation technique) and preventive significance regarding the protection of the periodontal tissue from possible iatrogenic damage.
Optimal endoscopic treatment and partial cystectomy with or without bladder augmentation for Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) presents a significant challenge for urologists in terms of management, owing to its chronic nature and adverse impact on patient quality of life. Given the potential distinction between two disease entities within IC/BPS, namely Hunner‐type IC and BPS without Hunner lesion, there is a need for an optimal therapeutic approach that focuses on the bladder lesions in Hunner‐type IC. In cases where Hunner lesions are observed, complete transurethral ablation of these lesions should be prioritized as the initial intervention, as it has demonstrated effectiveness in symptom control. However, recurrence remains a limitation of this intervention. The techniques of resection and coagulation are equally effective in terms of symptom relief and recurrence prevention. Reconstructive surgery becomes necessary in cases of end‐stage IC/BPS where various therapeutic approaches have failed. Patient selection is crucial in reconstructive surgery, particularly for patients with clear Hunner lesions and small bladder capacity who have not responded to previous treatments. Furthermore, it is vital to consider the patients' expectations and preferences adequately. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature and our own clinical experiences, subtotal cystectomy followed by bladder augmentation is considered a safe and effective surgical option. This stepwise and tailored therapeutic approach aims to optimize patients' quality of life by specifically targeting Hunner‐type IC.
Type I interferon signature and cycling lymphocytes in macrophage activation syndrome

BACKGROUND Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of Still’s disease (SD) characterized by overt immune cell activation and cytokine storm. We aimed to further understand the immunologic landscape of SD and MAS. METHOD We profiled PBMCs from people in a healthy control group and patients with SD with or without MAS using bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq). We validated and expanded the findings by mass cytometry, flow cytometry, and in vitro studies. RESULTS Bulk RNA-Seq of PBMCs from patients with SD-associated MAS revealed strong expression of genes associated with type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling and cell proliferation, in addition to the expected IFN-γ signal, compared with people in the healthy control group and patients with SD without MAS. scRNA-Seq analysis of more than 65,000 total PBMCs confirmed IFN-I and IFN-γ signatures and localized the cell proliferation signature to cycling CD38+HLA-DR+ cells within CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and NK cell populations. CD38+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes exhibited prominent IFN-γ production, glycolysis, and mTOR signaling. Cell-cell interaction modeling suggested a network linking CD38+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes with monocytes through IFN-γ signaling. Notably, the expansion of CD38+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes in MAS was greater than in other systemic inflammatory conditions in children. In vitro stimulation of PBMCs demonstrated that IFN-I and IL-15 — both elevated in MAS patients — synergistically augmented the generation of CD38+HLA-DR+ lymphocytes, while Janus kinase inhibition mitigated this response. CONCLUSION MAS associated with SD is characterized by overproduction of IFN-I, which may act in synergy with IL-15 to generate CD38+HLA-DR+ cycling lymphocytes that produce IFN-γ.
(Un)frozen in Time

Permafrost regions occupy nearly a quarter of Earth9s terrestrial surface. The extent of subarctic permafrost has been reduced significantly during the past century, leading to widespread subsidence and damage to roads and buildings. In his Perspective, Nelson reports from a recent meeting on permafrost and its roles in environmental change. He concludes that one of the greatest challenges in the field is to separate climate-induced impacts from local anthropogenic influences. This challenge can only be met with more detailed and extensive data records.
Leading on Top of the World: Lessons from Into Thin Air

The problem and the solution. In May 1996, a rogue blizzard blindsided several teams of mountain climbers attempting to scale Mount Everest. Nine climbers died in the frigid conditions after enduring wind chill temperatures in excess of 100 degrees below zero (Fahrenheit). In 1997, author Jon Krakauer chronicled his own firsthand account of the Everest disaster in his best-selling book Into Thin Air. Using Krakauer's account as a backdrop, this article examines several of the leadership theories and concepts demonstrated in the failed climb. Specifically, this article explores the skills approach, situational leadership theory, and team leadership concepts, as well as the influence of power bases and trust on decision making. Finally, teaching strategies are discussed that the reader may find useful when using this work to develop leadership competencies in others.
Shallow virtual source redatuming by multi‐dimensional deconvolution

Recently, new on‐shore acquisition designs have been presented with multi‐component sensors deployed in the shallow sub‐surface (20 m–60 m). Virtual source redatuming has been proposed for these data to compensate for surface statics and to enhance survey repeatability. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of replacing the correlation‐based formalism that undergirds virtual source redatuming with multi‐dimensional deconvolution, offering various advantages such as the elimination of free‐surface multiples and the potential to improve virtual source repeatability. To allow for data‐driven calibration of the sensors and to improve robustness in cases with poor sensor spacing in the shallow sub‐surface (resulting in a relatively high wavenumber content), we propose a new workflow for this configuration. We assume a dense source sampling and target signals that arrive at near‐vertical propagation angles. First, the data are preconditioned by applying synthetic‐aperture‐source filters in the common receiver domain. Virtual source redatuming is carried out for the multi‐component recordings individually, followed by an intermediate deconvolution step. After this specific pre‐processing, we show that the downgoing and upgoing constituents of the wavefields can be separated without knowledge of the medium parameters, the source wavelet, or sensor characteristics. As a final step, free‐surface multiples can be eliminated by multi‐dimensional deconvolution of the upgoing fields with the downgoing fields.
Epidemiologic Trends of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Ireland, 1996–2021

Background and Objectives The objective of this study was to examine changes to the incidence, prevalence, age at onset, and survival of patients diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the Republic of Ireland over 25 years. Methods Incident and prevalent cases of ALS were estimated using the Irish population-based ALS Register, which has been in continuous operation since 1994. Incident cases were age standardized using the direct method and applied to 3 standard populations (Irish, European, and American). Survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Non-normally distributed groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction. Results A total of 2,771 patients with ALS were identified in the Republic of Ireland over 25 years. Incidence per 100,000 was determined for the population older than 15 years. Crude incidence increased from 2.64 to 5.46 per 100,000. Standardized incidence increased from 2.64 to 3.1 per 100,000. Prevalence increased from 5.83 to 8.10 per 100,000. The median age at onset increased from 64 to 67 years. The peak age of incidence increased from those between 70 and 74 years to those between 75 and 79 years. Overall, women had a consistently later median age at onset of 67 years compared with men at 65 years (p < 0.001). No significant difference in survival was noted between those captured across 3 different epochs (1996–2003, 2004–2012, 2013–2021). Older age at onset (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, CI 1.02–1.04, p < 0.001) was a negative predictive factor of survival in multivariate Cox regression analysis. Riluzole use (HR 0.67, CI 0.50–0.90, p = 0.033) and diagnostic delay (HR 0.98, CI 0.98–0.99, p < 0.001) were positive predictive factors. Discussion Within the Republic of Ireland, the age-standardized overall incidence, peak incidence, prevalence, and age at onset of ALS have all increased over 25 years. Despite the widespread use of noninvasive ventilation, aggressive secretion management, and changes in ALS care, the mean survival within the Irish population has not changed.
Exploitation of a large COSMO-SkyMed interferometric dataset

In this work we explored a dataset made by more than 100 images acquired by COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) constellation over the Port-au-Prince (Haiti) metropolitan and surrounding areas that were severely hit by the January 12th, 2010 earthquake. The images were acquired along ascending pass by all the four sensors of the constellation with a mean rate of 1 acquisition/week. This consistent CSK dataset was fully exploited by using the Persistent Scatterer Interferometry algorithm SPINUA with the aim of: i) providing a displacement map of the area; ii) assessing the use of CSK and PSI for ground elevation measurements; iii) exploring the CSK satellite orbital tube in terms of both precision and size. In particular, significant subsidence phenomena were detected affecting river deltas and coastal areas of the Port-au-Prince and Carrefour region, as well as very slow slope movements and local ground instabilities. Ground elevation was also measured on PS targets with resolution of 3m. The density of these measurable targets depends on the ground coverage, and reaches values higher than 4000 PS/km2 over urban areas, while it drops over vegetated areas or along slopes affected by layover and shadow. Heights values were compared with LIDAR data at 1m of resolution collected soon after the 2010 earthquake. Furthermore, by using geocoding procedures and the precise LIDAR data as reference, the orbital errors affecting CSK records were investigated. The results are in line with other recent studies.
PRECIPITATION-RUNOFF MODELING USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS

Inspired by the functioning of the brain and biological nervous systems, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to various hydrologic problems in the last 10 years. In this study, ANN models are compared with traditional conceptual models in predicting watershed runoff as a function of rainfall, snow water equivalent, and temperature. The ANN technique was applied to model watershed runoff in three basins with different climatic and physiographic characteristics—the Fraser River in Colorado, Raccoon Creek in Iowa, and Little Patuxent River in Maryland. In the Fraser River watershed, the ANN technique was applied to model monthly streamflow and was compared to a conceptual water balance (Watbal) model. The ANN technique was used to model the daily rainfall-runoff process and was compared to the Sacramento soil moisture accounting (SAC-SMA) model in the Raccoon River watershed. The daily rainfall-runoff process was also modeled using the ANN technique in the Little Patuxent River basin, and the.
Reliability of Measurements Using Ocular Response Analyzer as a Screening Tonometer and Corneal Hysteresis Values in the Presence or Absence of Glaucomatous Changes in Fundus

Précis: Use of the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) as a screening tonometer in clinical practice yielded reliable measurements in over 80% of eyes screened. Including corneal hysteresis (CH) data in screening may improve the accuracy of glaucoma detection. Purpose: To examine measurement reliability when the ORA is used as a screening tonometer, and to compare CH measurements in eyes with and those without glaucomatous changes in the fundus. Patients and Methods: 1488 eyes of 747 patients (mean age: 53.5 ± 20.4 y, range: 6–94 y) underwent intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement using ORA as screening. The percentage of eyes with a waveform score ≥6, the recommended threshold indicating reliability, was calculated. Eyes that had waveform score ≥6 and had undergone fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were assessed for the presence or absence of glaucomatous changes in fundus from optical coherence tomography and fundus images, and CH was compared between the 2 groups. Results: Mean ± SD (range) of ORA measurements were: Goldmann-correlated IOP 14.9 ± 4.8 (1.0–63.2) mm Hg, corneal-compensated IOP 16.2 ± 4.7 (3.2–73.6) mm Hg, CH 9.7 ± 1.5 (0.0–20.6) mm Hg, and waveform score 7.3 ± 1.5 (0.1–9.7). Eighty-four percent of eyes had a waveform score ≥6. Among 192 eyes (127 patients, aged 53.5 ± 18.0 y) with waveform score ≥6 and evaluable for glaucomatous changes in the fundus, 53 eyes were determined as positive and 139 eyes as negative. CH was 9.6 ± 1.4 (6.8–13.3) mm Hg in the positive group and 10.2 ± 1.2 (6.9–13.3) mm Hg in the negative group, and was significantly lower in the positive group (P=0.003). Conclusion: When using ORA as a screening tonometer, reliable results were obtained in ~80% of the eyes. CH was lower in the glaucomatous change-positive group compared with the glaucomatous change-negative group, but the ranges overlapped between the 2 groups.