Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind Turbine Generator Technologies

Wind energy is playing a critical role in the establishment of an environmentally sustainable low carbon economy. This chapter presents an overview of wind turbine generator technolo‐ gies and compares their advantages and drawbacks used for wind energy utilization. Tradi‐ tionally, DC machines, synchronous machines and squirrel-cage induction machines have been used for small scale power generation. For medium and large wind turbines (WTs), the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the dominant technology while permanentmagnet (PM), switched reluctance (SR) and high temperature superconducting (HTS) gener‐ ators are all extensively researched and developed over the years. In this chapter, the topologies and features of these machines are discussed with special attention given to their practical considerations involved in the design, control and operation. It is hoped that this chapter provides quick reference guidelines for developing wind turbine generation systems.
Compact and Small Sized Single, Double and Multi- Folded Hairpin Line Microstrip Bandpass Filters for RF/ Wireless Communications

A conventional hairpin line resonator size is normally very large. The folded hairpin line resonator filters are smaller in size and easy to design, simulate/optimize and fabricate. The contents of this technical paper is to presented a new class of folded hairpin line microstrip resonator filters with great reduction (60-65%) in size compared to the conventional hairpin line filters. The proposed single, double and multi-folded hairpin line microstrip filters are narrow band, high selectivity, small sized and low cost band pass filters for RF/wireless trans/receive communication systems for ground and space applications. The expected performance and frequency responses have been simulated/optimized by using The Agilent-make ADS/IE3D-Zealand softwares. The measured results are very close to the simulated/optimized results with great reduction in size compared to the conventional hairpin line filters.
Single-stage single-switch power-factor-correction AC/DC converters with DC-bus voltage feedback for universal line applications

Single-stage single-switch power-factor-correction (S/sup 4/-PFC) AC/DC converters with DC-bus voltage feedback are proposed. The DC-bus voltage stress at light load for the S/sup 4/-PFC converter is first analyzed. The DC-bus voltage negative feedback concept in the power stage to suppress the DC-bus voltage stress is then proposed. Design considerations of total harmonic distortion (THD), power factor (PF), DC-bus voltage stress, and the boost inductor are discussed. A S/sup 4/-PFC converter is analyzed and implemented with 5 V 12 A output as an example. It is shown that the DC-bus voltage is limited within 405 V from no load to full load, and the measured line input-current harmonics satisfy the IEC 1000-3-2 Class D requirements with universal line input. The measured efficiency and PF are about 71% and 0.93, respectively. The experimental results show that using the DC-bus voltage feedback to reduce the DC-bus voltage is effective.
CUMULATIVE UNCERTAINTY IN MEASURED STREAMFLOW AND WATER QUALITY DATA FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS

The scientific community has not established an adequate understanding of the uncertainty inherent in measured water quality data, which is introduced by four procedural categories: streamflow measurement, sample collection, sample preservation/storage, and laboratory analysis. Although previous research has produced valuable information on relative differences in procedures within these categories, little information is available that compares the procedural categories or presents the cumulative uncertainty in resulting water quality data. As a result, quality control emphasis is often misdirected, and data uncertainty is typically either ignored or accounted for with an arbitrary margin of safety. Faced with the need for scientifically defensible estimates of data uncertainty to support water resource management, the objectives of this research were to: (1) compile selected published information on uncertainty related to measured streamflow and water quality data for small watersheds, (2) use a root mean square error propagation method to compare the uncertainty introduced by each procedural category, and (3) use the error propagation method to determine the cumulative probable uncertainty in measured streamflow, sediment, and nutrient data. Best case, typical, and worst case “data quality” scenarios were examined. Averaged across all constituents, the calculated cumulative probable uncertainty (±%) contributed under typical scenarios ranged from 6% to 19% for streamflow measurement, from 4% to 48% for sample collection, from 2% to 16% for sample preservation/storage, and from 5% to 21% for laboratory analysis. Under typical conditions, errors in storm loads ranged from 8% to 104% for dissolved nutrients, from 8% to 110% for total N and P, and from 7% to 53% for TSS. Results indicated that uncertainty can increase substantially under poor measurement conditions and limited quality control effort. This research provides introductory scientific estimates of uncertainty in measured water quality data. The results and procedures presented should also assist modelers in quantifying the “quality” of calibration and evaluation data sets, determining model accuracy goals, and evaluating model performance.
Power interruptions-key figures and filtering of statistical data

This paper addresses several topics regarding the Norwegian power quality strategy. It gives a brief presentation of the FASIT system, how calculation and reporting of key figures based on the registrations are carried out, and a presentation of preliminary results from the first year with reported key figures (1995). The problem of large standard deviations in reported key figures from one year to another is also addressed in the paper. Finally, the last section outlines the Norwegian power quality strategy (status and future aims/plans).
Design criteria and test results for a voltage notch filter

In this paper, the effects of nonlinear loads on power systems are discussed by the analysis of power behaviour on different design solutions. In particular, voltage notches caused by static power converters are analyzed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new approach to the solution of compatibility problems between special applications and disturbance sources. Such an approach, based on a comparison between a classical solution with dedicated transformer units MV/LV for special applications subsystems and a nonconventional solution with a voltage filter, should be suitable both in the design of new power systems and in the upgrading of existing ones. Test results, on a laboratory case study, show effective behaviour for different types of special application equipment.
Novel design and characterisation of SOI CMOS micro-hotplates for gas sensors

This paper describes the design and characterisation of a new generation of fully CMOS compatible novel micro-hotplates for gas sensors. The micro-hotplates employ advanced MOSFET heaters embedded in an SOI membrane. The heaters can operate at a ground-breaking temperature of over 400°C with ultra low power consumption (under 15 mW in continuous operation). Electronic circuits for drive and readout have also been designed and integrated with gas sensors.
Proportional inverse Gaussian distribution: A new tool for analysing continuous proportional data

Outcomes in the form of rates, fractions, proportions and percentages often appear in various fields. Existing beta and simplex distributions are frequently unable to exhibit satisfactory performances in fitting such continuous data. This paper aims to develop the normalised inverse Gaussian (N‐IG) distribution proposed by Lijoi, Mena & Prünster (2005, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100, 1278–1291) as a new tool for analysing continuous proportional data in (0,1) and renames the N‐IG as proportional inverse Gaussian (PIG) distribution. Our main contributions include: (i) To overcome the difficulty of an integral in the PIG density function, we propose a novel minorisation–maximisation (MM) algorithm via the continuous version of Jensen's inequality to calculate the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters in the PIG distribution; (ii) We also develop an MM algorithm aided by the gradient descent algorithm for the PIG regression model, which allows us to explore the relationship between a set of covariates with the mean parameter; (iii) Both the comparative studies and the real data analyses show that the PIG distribution is better when comparing with the beta and simplex distributions in terms of the AIC, the Cramér–von Mises and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests. In addition, bootstrap confidence intervals and testing hypothesis on the symmetry of the PIG density are also presented. Simulation studies are conducted and the hospital stay data of Barcelona in 1988 and 1990 are analysed to illustrate the proposed methods.
A 9-b 40-MSample/s reconfigurable pipeline analog-to-digital converter

In this paper, a reconfigurable pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture is proposed. Based on dynamic performance measurements, the best performance configuration will be chosen from a collection of possible configurations. A 40-MSample/s 9-b reconfigurable pipeline ADC is designed and implemented in Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation's (TSMC's) 0.25-/spl mu/m single-poly CMOS digital process. The chip is measured for all the configurations under different temperatures to prove the reconfiguration will provide significant effective number of bits (ENOB) improvement among the set of configurations. The active area of the design is 5.9 mm/sup 2/. The power consumption is 425 mW.
Winds of change: The planning response to renewable energy in Scotland

This paper presents the results of a survey of local authority planners involved in determining renewable energy applications and local planning policy in Scotland. The questionnaire was used to identify the key challenges that renewable energy presents for the planning profession. Visual and landscape impact, together with nature conservation conflicts, are identified as key areas of difficulty. The paper describes the emerging renewable energy sector in Scotland, and investigates the response of the planning system to this new form of development. The UK government's market-driven approach to the electricity sector and its influence on the way renewables may develop is explored. Some common physical characteristics of technologies for exploiting diffuse sources of renewable energy are highlighted, together with the consequences for planning and development control. Important differences in the strategic approach to renewable energy development onshore and in the marine environment are identified. This p.
Modified BP Neural Network Model is Used for Odd-Even Discrimination of Integer Number

This paper introduced the BP neural network model and the BP algorithm in detail, and pointed out the BP neural network existed the defects of local optimal tendency of local optimal, slowed convergence speed etc. Through the modified BP algorithm, we could solve the problems existing in the traditional BP algorithm successfully, simulation results for odd-even discrimination of integer number based on MATLAB BP algorithm show that modified BP model compared with BP model has faster training speed and high study accuracy. Modified BP neural network models is used in practice, as long as it is complementary with effective measures, and we can get satisfactory result completely.
Encapsulated GaAs power MESFET

Utilizing a combination of low-temperature-grown Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As passivation, overlapping gate, MOCVD regrowth of the source/drain contacts, and isolation by boron ion implantation, we have fabricated a GaAs MESFET with a completely encapsulated channel. Electrical characterization of the device shows that the early catastrophic on-state breakdown is suppressed. In contrast to the usually observed characteristics in GaAs MESFET, the breakdown locus of the device also has a positive slope. These improvements should allow us to bias the device at a higher operating point, thereby increasing the obtainable maximum output power in the device. <<ETX>>
Effect of local operational constraints on runway capacity―a case study

The estimation of runway capacity is important in airport planning and operational analysis. Standard procedures for capacity determination typically assume that there is no constraint on aircraft operations and do not provide good estimates when constraints exist. This paper presents a study of runway capacity at Singapore Changi Airport in which local operational constraints are taken into account. In addition, the impacts on capacity due to marine vessel crossings in a shipping channel near the airport, and the timing for implementation of simultaneous, independent instrument approach procedures are also investigated. The levels of annual aviation demand that could be served without excessive delays to aircraft under various operating scenarios are estimated.
Pengenalan Metode STEAM dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini di TK Islam Ar-Ruhaniyah Bekasi

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini memiliki peranan penting dalam pembentukan karakter dan pola pikir individu di saat masa usia 0-6 tahun. Dalam memberikan simulasi untuk anak usia dini dalam mencapai enam aspek perkembangan yang optimal pemilihan metode dan media yang tepat sangatlah penting karena dengan metode dan media tersebut dapat membuat anak termotivasi untuk mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran yang dikemas dengan kegiatan permainan. Pengenalan Metode STEAM dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini diharapkan dapat membuat anak secara langsung mengikuti suatu proses kegiatan dan anak dilatih dalam memecahkan masalah dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Metode STEAM membiasakan anak untuk melatih pola pikirnya agar berpikir luas, kreatif dan inovatif sehingga pembelajaran yang dikemas dalam kegiatan bermain dan menyenangkan dapat mengoptimalkan perkembangan anak pada enam aspek perkembangan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan materi pengenalan metode STEAM dalam pembelajaran anak usia dini di TK Islam Ar-Ruhaniyah Bekasi untuk mengenalkan kepada pendidik dan peserta didik terkait dengan proses pembelajaran menggunakan metode STEAM. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini dalam implementasinya menggunakan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR), metode seminar dan Praktikum. Metode-metode ini diimplementasikan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dengan mengharapkan adanya perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik untuk satuan pendidikan dalam memberikan layanan pendidikan kepada anak usia dini. Hasil dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini memberikan dampak yang positif dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pendidik dan meningkatkan keaktifan anak dalam mengikuti kegiatan main pembekuan es dengan garam dengan menggunakan metode STEAM. Selain itu, pendidik dapat memfasilitasi pembelajaran anak untuk memotivasi anak untuk ikut serta secara langsung dalam kegiatan pembelajaran dengan rasa senang dan ingin tahu yang tinggi sehingga tujuan dari pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan optimal.
A Simple Monopole Antenna with a Switchable Beam for 5G Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems

A simple and compact antenna with a switchable beam for millimeter-wave communication is proposed in this paper. The antenna has a planar structure, and the design evolution is discussed. The beam switching functionality was achieved by incorporating two PIN diodes in the ground plane of the antenna. By switching ON either of the PIN diodes, the inverted L-shaped stub becomes connected to the ground plane and behaves as a cavity, which causes the dispersion of the radiation pattern. Therefore, a wide-angle (±18∘) beam-switching property can be achieved using a simple and low-cost technique, without the necessity to implement additional conventional circuits. The proposed antenna is characterized by a good performance in terms of return loss, bandwidth, measured gain up to 7.95 dB, and radiation efficiency up to 84%, making it a proper candidate for IoT technology and millimeter-wave 5G devices.
Evaluación de la ecografía transrectal para la detección y medición de cuerpos lúteos en ovejas de pelo

Current study assessed the reliability of transrectal ultrasonography (US; Aloka SSD 500) for assessment of presence and size of corpus luteum (CL), evaluated by non-skilled operator in ovaries (n = 58) from 29 hair sheep and compared with subsequent macroscopic (or postmortem; PM) evaluation. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value of the US technique to detect presence of luteal tissue in an ovary were 83.3, 97.1, 95.2 and 89.2%, respectively; and to determine the number of CL in ovaries (n = 21) with single ovulation were 85.7, 97.1, 94.7 and 89.2%, respectively. Sensitivity, dropped to 33.3%, in ovaries (n = 3) bearing more than one CL. There were not significant differences between mean diameters of CL, measured by US and PM. The number of CL with differences between US and PM measures, the range of error, varying between 0-20%, >20- 30% and >30%, were 14 (77%), 2 (6%) and 4 (17%), respectively. These results indicate that US technique is an effective tool for determining both presence and size of luteal tissue in hair sheep with unknown stage of the reproductive cycle.
A behavior based nonlinear multi‐agent framework using a hybrid approach

Abstract In this paper, a novel design and implementation of a multi‐agent system via a hybrid approach is proposed. First of all, an autonomous agent is insured to be stable by employing the proposed local feedback control besides appropriate switching among well‐posed behaviors including obstacle avoidance, target approaching, wandering, manipulator grasping, etc. Next, a hybrid framework of the multi‐agent system (HMAS) is established for dealing with multi‐agent cooperative problems. The architecture of the inherent hierarchical control is designed consisting of two levels, where the first (lower) level mainly handles the continuous state describing the data acquired from various sensors, whereas the second (higher) level is responsible for providing a well performed supervisory control that can manipulate all available resources to successfully accomplish the underlying mission. In the Advanced Control Laboratory of the Department of Electrical Engineering at National Taiwan University, an actual wheeled mobile robot (WMR) has been developed, named The Treasure Hunter (TTH), which is able to hunt treasures in an unknown environment whereby the effectiveness of the proposed approach can be satisfactorily demonstrated.
Deep Immune Profiling of Multiple Myeloma at Diagnosis and under Lenalidomide Maintenance Therapy

Simple Summary Currently, multiple myeloma is mostly an incurable disease. Given the poor survival and frequent disease relapses, there is an urgent need for new treatment approaches and patient stratification. In an attempt to predict response to treatment, we comprehensively analyzed the immune profiles of longitudinal bone marrow samples collected from 18 multiple myeloma patients, separating them into good and poor responders to therapy. We identified several distinctive features that might have an influence on the therapy response, such as the abundance of tumor cells and the functional state of T and NK cells. These results suggest that deep immune profiling could be used for the guidance of treatment. Abstract The bone marrow microenvironment interacts with malignant cells and regulates cancer survival and immune evasion in multiple myeloma (MM). We investigated the immune profiles of longitudinal bone marrow samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM (n = 18) using cytometry by time-of-flight. The results before and during treatment were compared between patients with good (GR, n = 11) and bad (BR, n = 7) responses to lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone-based treatment. Before treatment, the GR group had a lower tumor cell burden and a higher number of T cells with a phenotype shifted toward CD8+ T cells expressing markers attributed to cytotoxicity (CD45RA and CD57), a higher abundance of CD8+ terminal effector cells, and a lower abundance of CD8+ naïve T cells. On natural killer (NK) cells, increased expression of CD56 (NCAM), CD57, and CD16 was seen at baseline in the GR group, indicating their maturation and cytotoxic potential. During lenalidomide-based treatment, the GR patients showed an increase in effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets. These findings support distinct immune patterns in different clinical contexts, suggesting that deep immune profiling could be used for treatment guidance and warrants further exploration.
Reduction of Static Power with Minimized Ground Bounce Noise Using Sleep Signal Slew Rate Modulation In 45nm Technology

In MTCMOS Integrated Circuit design there exists a significant trade-off between static power consumption and technology scaling. In Modern circuits increase in power dissipation is significant due to combination of higher clock speeds, greater functional integration and smaller process geometries resulting in dominant static power consumption component. This is a big challenge for the circuit designer. However, the designers do have few methods like sleep transistor approach, sleepy stack approach to reduce this static power consumption. However all of these methods do have their own drawbacks. In order to achieve lower static power consumptions one has to sacrifice area and circuit performance metrics. In this paper we propose a new enhancement to available static power reduction techniques by modulating the sleep signal slew rate. We have designed the basic CMOS circuits in MTCMOS to achieve significant reduction in Static power consumption. For Sleep signal slew rate modulation we have proposed a modulator called triple phase sleep signal slew rate modulator. By using this Triple Phase Sleep signal modulator(TPS) we can control the noise at ground distribution network (ground bounce noise) produced during sleep to active state transition. By using TPS we can decrease the reactivation
A Novel Reversible Gate and its Applications

The development of computing machines found great success in the last decades. But the ongoing miniaturization of integrated circuits will reach its limits in the near future. Shrinking transistor sizes and power dissipation are the major constraints in the development of smaller and more complex circuits. Reversible logic provides an alternative that may overcome many of these problems in the future. For low-power design, reversible logic gates are very much in demand for the future computing technologies as they are known to produce zero power dissipation under ideal conditions. This paper proposes design of new reversible logic gate and some of its applications. The quantum cost of a reversible logic circuit can be minimized by reducing the number of reversible logic gates.
A microstrip interlocking‐resonator bandpass filter with wideband rejection

A novel miniaturized microstrip‐line filter using a pair of interlocking resonators is proposed. To reduce the size dimensions and suppress the spurious responses simultaneously, a stepped‐impedance structure is integrated into this new proposed filter. The cross‐coupling effect can be created in this designed filter. Furthermore, the filter has two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. The full‐wave simulator IE3D is used to design and simulate the interlocking resonators bandpass filter. The design is been verified by the experiment results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 261–263, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21141