Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Swarm UAV Network Constraints in Damaged Infrastructures

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which are commonly known as drones are highly reliable in data transportation, especially whenever terrestrial access is unavailable due to geographical limitations. Several UAVs might collaborate to perform tasks in several applications such as rescue, military, and others. This collection of UAVs is known as a swarm of unmanned aerial vehicles. Drones can be used as aerial relays in complex communication scenarios thus establishing a reliable end-to-end transmission. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes and base stations. The sensors of WSN are widely dispersed in predefined geographical fields. These sensors might be used for continuous monitoring for example temperature or might be used for event triggers example whenever the temperature exceeds a certain threshold an alarm is fired. In a crisis case scenario, the base station which acts as a relay to upload the sensed data to the internet might be nonfunctional thus resulting in a disconnected network and loss of sensed data. This paper proposes the usage of a swarm of UAVs to upload data from the WSN network to the internet whenever the base station is nonfunctional. This paper will study the mathematical correlation between the parameters of this network taking into consideration the constraint to avoid collisions between the UAVs. A simulation using MATLAB studies the effect of the number of levels in the WSN, the range of communication, UAV’s velocity, and UAv’s trajectory on the network performance.
Competition and Survival in Female Plants of Asparagus officinalis L.1

It has long been known that female asparagus plants have a higher mortality rate than males. Several explanations have been postulated, among them, competition by males which are more vigorous. Row maps were made in fields ranging from 1 to 19 years old and the distribution and location of males and females in the rows were analyzed. Statistical analysis indicated that the higher mortality rate of females could not be attributed to competition of adjacent males.
Multi-DoFs Exoskeleton-Based Bilateral Teleoperation with the Time-Domain Passivity Approach

Summary It is well known that the sense of presence in a tele-robot system for both home-based tele-rehabilitation and rescue operations is enhanced by haptic feedback. Beyond several advantages, in the presence of communication delay haptic feedback can lead to an unstable teleoperation system. During the last decades, several control techniques have been proposed to ensure a good trade-off between transparency and stability in bilateral teleoperation systems under time delays. These proposed control approaches have been extensively tested with teleoperation systems based on identical master and slave robots having few degrees of freedom (DoF). However, a small number of DoFs cannot ensure both an effective restoration of the multi-joint coordination in tele-rehabilitation and an adequate dexterity during manipulation tasks in rescue scenario. Thus, a deep understanding of the applicability of such control techniques on a real bilateral teleoperation setup is needed. In this work, we investigated the behavior of the time-domain passivity approach (TDPA) applied on an asymmetrical teleoperator system composed by a 5-DoFs impedance designed upper-limb exoskeleton and a 4-DoFs admittance designed anthropomorphic robot. The conceived teleoperation architecture is based on a velocity–force (measured) architecture with position drift compensation and has been tested with a representative set of tasks under communication delay (80 ms round-trip). The results have shown that the TDPA is suitable for a multi-DoFs asymmetrical setup composed by two isomorphic haptic interfaces characterized by different mechanical features. The stability of the teleoperator has been proved during several (1) high-force contacts against stiff wall that involve more Cartesian axes simultaneously, (2) continuous contacts with a stiff edge tests, (3) heavy-load handling tests while following a predefined path and (4) high-force contacts against stiff wall while handling a load. The found results demonstrated that the TDPA could be used in several teleoperation scenarios like home-based tele-rehabilitation and rescue operations.
Low-End Accumulation: Spatial Transformation and Social Stratification in a Beijing Urban Village

Abstract:In late 2017, a tragic fire in southern Beijing led to a massive eviction and demolition campaign that drove out tens of thousands of rural migrant workers in bleak winter weather. While the evictions were widely covered by the mass media, few analyses examined the gongyu 公寓 (apartment complex), a low-rent housing complex where the fire broke out. Based on fieldwork in Beijing's northern fringe, this article examines the spatial transformation of residences from cramped one-story farmhouses to gongyu and how it signals the social stratification of migrant tenants. The emergence of the better-equipped gongyu, as an alternative modernity, caters to the influx of young tenants and migrants working in the service sector. Meanwhile, the rise of the gongyu has propelled an increase in the subcontracting of property management. The rationalization and specialization of the fast-growing private rental housing market have further led to estranged living among migrant tenants and landlords, who experience different forms of displacement in urban villages. Gongyu is the outcome of low-end accumulation, which is intended primarily for constructing low-quality, low-cost rental projects for the "low-end population. " Despite its prevalence, the urban village gongyu represents an overlooked, unrecognized, and undesirable mode of urbanization, which is the target of the recurring housing crackdown in China's capital.
Communication-Aware Motion Control Scheduling of Automatic Guided Vehicles for THz Beam Alignment in IIoT

Terahertz (THz) communications are expected to provide ultra-high transmission rate to enable connected automatic guided vehicles (C-AGV) in future smart factories for the industrial internet of things (IIoT). However, beam alignment is extremely challenging due to its narrow beam-width and the fast mobility of C-AGV. To deal with this issue, we propose a novel communication-aware motion control scheduling method for THz beam alignment in this paper. Specifically, the accuracy state-feedback of the C-GAV’s motion control is very high, which has the potential to provide the necessary information for beam alignment, e.g., the location of the receiver. However, the feedback needs to be carefully designed not to increase the control consumption and meanwhile to maintain the beam alignment for the required transmission data rate. Thus, this paper adopts transmission data rate as the activation criterion for motion control of C-AGV, where the feedback is synchronous with the motion control activation. Based on that, the beam alignment maintaining the required transmission data rate can be maintained. Meanwhile, the control consumption can be significantly reduced, and control stability can be guaranteed. Finally, we obtain a closed-form expression for the threshold of the transmission data rate. Simulation results show remarkable performance gain of the proposed method.
X-Ray Scattering at Lanthanide M5 Resonances: Application to Magnetic Depth Profiling

Quantitative analyses of x-ray scattering from thin films of Ho and Dy metal at the M5 resonances result in values of the optical constants and the magnetic scattering lengths fm, with fm as large as 200r0. The observation of first- and second-order magnetic satellites allows to separate fm into circular and linear dichroic contributions. This high magnetic sensitivity, in conjunction with the tunable x-ray probing depth across the resonance can be applied to monitor depth profiles of complex magnetic structures, as e.g. of helical antiferromagnetic domains in a Dy metal film.
On Boltzmann's genius and thermodynamics

A recent essay [1] reminds us of how richly Boltzmann deserves to be admiringly commemorated for the originality of his ideas on the occasion of his 150th birthday. Without any doubt, the scientific community owes Boltzmann a great debt of gratitude for his ingenious and pathfinding contributions. However, the essay chooses to illustrate this important memorial by statements and inferences that perhaps are questionable today even to Boltzmann himself. I will comment only on three issues.
Analysis of Transient Characteristics of Electromagnetic Launchers Using Analytical Method

The working condition of high-speed and high-current sliding electrical contact is unique to the electromagnetic launcher. Under such an extreme condition, the transient characteristics of the launching process can be analyzed with several special finite-element programs, but it is quite time-consuming. Therefore, a more efficient simulation method for current diffusion in the launching process was proposed in this article. First, an analytical expression of the current density distribution of the rails was established through the method of separation of variables, and the undetermined coefficients in the expression were obtained based on the finite-element calculation results and particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, a model of segmented rails was built, and the excitation current in the segmented rails was processed through the time–frequency analysis method to simulate the velocity skin effect. The electromagnetic field distribution and the transient impedance parameters of the rails during the launching process were obtained based on the 2-D current density analytical expression and the segmented rails model. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by comparing with the results of finite-element method (FEM) simulation and launch experiment.
Finite-size effects and the search for the critical endpoint in heavy ion collisions

We discuss how the finiteness of the system created in a heavy-ion collision affects possible signatures of the QCD critical endpoint. We show sizable results for the modifications of the chiral phase diagram at volume scales typically encountered in current heavy-ion collisions and address the applicability of finite-size scaling as a tool in the experimental search for the critical endpoint.
Optimizing Random Forest using Genetic Algorithm for Heart Disease Classification

Heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the need for effective predictive systems is a major source of the need to treat affected patients. This study aimed to determine how to improve the accuracy of Random Forest in predicting and classifying heart disease. The experiments performed in this study were designed to select the most optimal parameters using an RF optimization technique using GA. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to optimize RF parameters to predict and classify heart disease. Optimization of the Random Forest parameter using a genetic algorithm is carried out by using the Random Forest parameter as input for the initial population in the Genetic Algorithm. The Random Forest parameter undergoes a series of processes from the Genetic Algorithm: Selection, Crossover Rate, and Mutation Rate. The chromosome that has survived the evolution of the Genetic Algorithm is the best population or best parameter Random Forest. The best parameters are stored in the hall of fame module in the DEAP library and used for the classification process in Random Forest. The optimized RF parameters are max_depth, max_features, n_estimator, min_sample_leaf, and min_sample_leaf. The experimental process performed in RF uses the default parameters, random search, and grid search. Overall, the accuracy obtained for each experiment is the default parameter 82.5%, random search 82%, and grid search 83%. The RF+GA performance is 85.83%; this result is affected by the GA parameters are generations, population, crossover, and mutation. This shows that the Genetic Algorithm can be used to optimize the parameters of Random Forest.
Cost-Effective Surface-Mount Magnetoelectric Dipole Antenna Based on Ball Grid Array Packaging Technology for 5G Millimeter-Wave New Radio Band Applications

This article presents a cost-effective miniature surface-mount magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna. The antenna is realized by a single-layer FR4 substrate and combined with ball grid array (BGA) packaging technology to achieve miniaturization in size. Due to BGA packaging technology, the surface-mount capability allows interconnection between the proposed antenna and other surface-mount devices using a flip-chip interconnect technology, replacing bulky connectors. The proposed antenna element is very compact. Specifically, the electric dipole of the proposed antenna consists of four patches, whereas the magnetic dipole consists of two rows of plated through-holes and a metal ground between them. In addition, the electric and magnetic dipoles are simultaneously excited by an L-shaped metal probe. The prototype has been manufactured and carefully verified. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna element has a −10-dB bandwidth of 23% in the range of 25–31.5 GHz and achieves a peak realized gain of 6.98 dBi at 26 GHz. The dimensions of the proposed antenna element are only 5 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 5 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times1.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. The proposed antenna elements can be widely used in the 5G millimeter-wave N257 (26.5–29.5 GHz) and N261 (27.5–28.35 GHz) bands.
Efficient Federated DRL-Based Cooperative Caching for Mobile Edge Networks

Edge caching has been regarded as a promising technique for low-latency, high-rate data delivery in future networks, and there is an increasing interest to leverage Machine Learning (ML) for better content placement instead of traditional optimization-based methods due to its self-adaptive ability under complex environments. Despite many efforts on ML-based cooperative caching, there are still several key issues that need to be addressed, especially to reduce computation complexity and communication costs under the optimization of cache efficiency. To this end, in this paper, we propose an efficient cooperative caching (FDDL) framework to address the issues in mobile edge networks. Particularly, we propose a DRL-CA algorithm for cache admission, which extracts a boarder set of attributes from massive requests to improve the cache efficiency. Then, we present an lightweight eviction algorithm for fine-grained replacements of unpopular contents. Moreover, we present a Federated Learning-based parameter sharing mechanism to reduce the signaling overheads in collaborations. We implement an emulation system and evaluate the caching performance of the proposed FDDL. Emulation results show that the proposed FDDL can achieve a higher cache hit ratio and traffic offloading rate than several conventional caching policies and DRL-based caching algorithms, and effectively reduce communication costs and training time.
Comparison Of Giving A Combination Of Red Ginger And Mint Leaves Booked With A Combination Of Lime And Honey On The Intensity Of Voting In Pregnant Women In Trimester I

Emesis gravidarum results in a decrease in appetite, this situation can cause changes in electrolyte balance with potassium, calcium and sodium which result in changes in body metabolism. Therefore, in reducing nausea and vomiting pregnant women should use complementary therapies that can be done easily at home. Pharmacological function is antiemetic (anti-vomiting). Lime has flavonoids, the flavonoid content is known to neutralize acidic digestive fluids, releasing toxins in the body. This study was conducted to determine the differences in the effectiveness of giving a combination of boiled red ginger and mint leaves and a combination of lime and honey on the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women. This study used a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest-posttest with control group design. Sampling by purposive sampling. The sample size was 28 pregnant women in the first trimester at the Cikande Public Health Center, Serang Regency. The research instrument is an observation sheet. Data analysis used Mann Whitney statistical test. The results of his research using the Mann Whitney statistical test showed a p-value of 0.498, this means that there is no significant difference in decreasing the intensity of nausea and vomiting in first trimester pregnant women at the Cikande Health Center, Serang Regency between those given boiled red ginger and mint leaves and a combination of lime. and honey for 4 days of treatment. It is hoped that health workers will provide education to pregnant women in traditional medicine or local wisdom.
Amorphous ferromagnetic Ag-X (X=Ni, Co, Gd) alloys

The Curie points (${T}_{C}$) of amorphous Ag-$X$ ($X=\mathrm{N}\mathrm{i},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{o},\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}\mathrm{d}$) films prepared by getter sputtering on substrates held at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, were determined without warming up the films above 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. As revealed by susceptibility and electrical measurements, the films remain unchanged up to 220\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K; above this temperature one observes an irreversible decrease in resistivity accompanied by an irreversible increase in ${T}_{C}$ although the films are still amorphous at room temperature. The critical concentration for the appearance of ferromagnetism (41-at.% Ni) and the increase of of ${T}_{C}$ with Ni concentration (\ensuremath{\simeq} 9\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/at.%) are quite close to the values reported for crystalline Ni-Cu alloys. These results suggest again the validity of the virtual-bound-state model over the rigid-band model and confirm that clustering is not a major factor in crystalline Cu-Ni alloys. An extrapolation of the present experiments to pure Ni leads to a ${T}_{C}$ of about 540\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for amorphous Ni. The validity of this extrapolation is supported by Ag-Co and Ag-Gd experiments.
Effects of Secondary Neutron Beam Generated in Radiotherapy on Electronic Medical Devices (Selected Papers of the Joint International Conference of Supercomputing in Nuclear Applications and Monte Carlo : SNA + MC 2010)

In recent years, the administration of radiotherapy to patients bearing an implantable electronic device, such as a pacemaker, has been increasing. Although the effects of primary radiation on electronic devices have been studied, research on the effects of the secondary radiation beam is limited. Because semiconductors constitute the main parts of an electronic device, the effects of the secondary neutrons in radiation should be considered. We performed a Monte Carlo simulation of neutron generation during radiotherapy, and considered the influence of neutrons on the electronic medical devices. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS), developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. Nuclear data was taken from ENDF/B-VII. We irradiated a water phantom with a 10 MV X-ray beam and a 200 MeV proton beam. Then, the neutron dose was evaluated by using PHITS. Moreover, we also measured the dose with a CR-39 dosimeter. In the case of the 10 MV X-ray beam, although fast neutrons (> 100 keV) were generated in the upstream part of the beam, thermal neutrons were scarcely generated. Inside the water phantom, which simulated a human body, the generation of fast neutrons decreased rapidly as a result of thermalization. In the case of the 200 MeV proton beam, fast neutrons were distributed along the beam axis inside the water phantom, and were generated inside the water phantom. Thermal neutrons (< 0.5 eV) were uniformly distributed throughout the whole phantom. In the evaluation of secondary neutrons generated during radiotherapy, we consider that using Monte Carlo calculations in addition to experimental measurements will be useful for clinical applications.
Simultaneous Beam Sweeping for Multi-Beam Integrated Sensing and Communication

Effective beamforming is essential for multi-antenna based integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), where multiple beams are usually required to concurrently direct signal power towards both the communication user equipment (UE) and the sensing target. This paper studies millimeter wave (mmWave) ISAC system, where an ISAC node with large antenna arrays wishes to simultaneously communicate with an UE and sense a target using the cost-effective analog beamforming. We first propose a subarray-based double-beam codebook design, which includes the conventional single-beam codebook as a special case. With the proposed codebook design, for all possible combinations of the UE and target directions, signal power can be effectively directed towards them concurrently, as long as the beam is appropriately selected. To this end, we further propose a novel beam sweeping protocol, for which the beam searching processes for communication and sensing are carried out simultaneously, with either single-beam or double-beam sweeping that achieves different balances between the required sweeping time and beamforming gain. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed codebook design and simultaneous beam sweeping methods.
FMDV: Dynamic Flow Migration in Virtual Network Function-Enabled Cloud Data Centers

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are software implementation of middleboxes (MBs) (e.g., firewalls and proxy servers) that provide performance and security guarantees for virtual machine (VM) cloud applications. In this paper, we study a new VM flow migration problem for dynamic VNF-enabled cloud data centers (VDCs). The goal is to migrate the VM flows in the dynamic VDCs to minimize the total network traffic while load-balancing VNFs with limited processing capabilities. We refer to the problem as FMDV: flow migration in dynamic VDCs. We propose an optimal and efficient minimum cost flow-based flow migration algorithm and two benefit-based efficient heuristic algorithms to solve the FMDV. Via extensive simulations, we show that our algorithms are effective in mitigating dynamic cloud traffic while achieving load balance among VNFs. In particular, all our algorithms reduce dynamic network traffic in all cases and our optimal algorithm always achieves the best traffic-mitigation effect, reducing the network traffic by up to 28% compared to the case without flow migration.