Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The fast wavelet X-ray transform

The wavelet X-ray transform computes one-dimensional wavelet transforms along lines in Euclidian space in order to perform a directional time-scale analysis of functions in several variables. A fast algorithm is proposed which executes this transformation starting with values given on a cartesian grid that represent the underlying function. The algorithm involves a rotation step and wavelet analysis/synthesis steps. The number of computations required is of the same order as the number of data involved. The analysis/synthesis steps are executed by the pyramid algorithm which is known to have this computational advantage. The rotation step makes use of a wavelet interpolation scheme. The order of computations is limited here due to the localization of the wavelets. The rotation step is executed in an optimal way by means of quasi-interpolation methods using (bi-)orthogonal wavelets.
External Debt and Economic Growth in CFA Countries: Political Institutions Matter?

The aim of this paper is to analyse the relation between quality of institutions, external debt and economic growth in the CFA zone. The main contribution of this paper is the endogenous determination of the threshold for quality of institutions beyond and above which external debt affect economic growth differently. The methodology focuses on the estimation of a Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model inspired by González et al. (2005). The sample includes 10 countries on the period 1985-2015 on annual frequency. From the empirical analysis, we derive the following conclusions: in countries with lower corruption and a high level of democracy, the level of debt for which the effect of debt on growth becomes negative is higher. This implies that poor institutional quality prevents a country from taking full advantage of its credit opportunities. As a result, only countries with good institutions can fully benefit from the advantages of external debt for economic growth.
Valorisation pharmacologique d’aloe perryi baker et jatropha unicostata balf, plantes endemiques du yemen: toxicite, potentiel anti inflammatoire et analgesique.

The ethanolic extract of leaves juice of Aloe perryi Baker have several therapeutic applications in traditional medicine for treatment of deferent diseases as inflammation, muscles and cerebral column pain, burns, wounds and ulcers, anemia, hyperglycemia, malaria, skin diseases and parasitic diseases. The acute toxicity evaluation of this extract follows upon the determination of the lethal amounts 50% of methanol extract from this plant, already given it is specified here by the lethal dose 50% (LD50) of 3067mg/kg (p.o), with confidence limits of 95%. The ethanolic extract was tested on the mice for the tests of peripheral analgesic activity according to the test of Koster and also on the rats for the central analgesic activity of the morphine type based on the test Tail flick. The test of Koster in the mouse and the test of Tail flick in the rats showed that ethanolic extract of this plant have greatly peripheral analgesic activity with an important protection against abdominal cramps 25,90% and 59,22 % for 100 and 250mg/kg via oral route. This results was compared with aspirin as reference drug 50,1%. No central morphine like analgesic activity was recorded with 250mg/kg of extract p.o. (5,39 ±0,14 seconds at 45mn) in comparison with the reference drug (7,49±0,25 seconds as maximum reaction time for pain inhibition). These results indicate that the ethanolic extract produced peripheral analgesic action. Key Word: Medicinal plants, Aloe perryi Baker, Ethanolic extract, Acute Toxicity, Analgesic Activity
A Bibliometric Analysis of The Articles Published on Augmented Reality Between the Years of 2010-2021

― This study presents the results of the bibliometric analysis of 862 articles scanned using the keyword “ augmented reality ” in the Wos database in the category of published articles in the field of education between the years 2010-2021. The data obtained was analyzed bibliometrically in order to find out the annual distributions of the published articles; the authors publishing the highest numbers of articles on the topic; the journals publishing the highest numbers of articles; the scientific productivity of the authors over time and their citation burst scores; the countries of the corresponding authors and their the scientific productivity; the map of author collaboration networks of the countries; word cloud; and the authors ’ collaboration network. The highest number of articles on augmented reality has been published in Computers and Education Journal. It has also been determined that the authors who published the highest number of articles on this subject are G. J. Hwang and Chin-Chung Tsai. Furthermore, the Spanish authors, who have contributed to the field with the highest number of articles on the topic, mostly published in collaboration with the researchers in their own countries, while the Slovakian authors have been the researchers with the highest rate of collaboration with the authors from other countries. As for the most frequently used keywords in the publications, it has been identified that education, augmented reality, and technology are the mostly preferred keywords .
Heat shock proteins of vegetative and fruiting Myxococcus Heat shock proteins of vegetative and fruiting Myxococcus xanthus cells xanthus cells

The heat shock response of Myxococcus xanthus was investigated and characterized. When shifted from 28 to 40°C, log-phase cells rapidly ceased growth, exhibited a 50% reduction in CFU, and initiated the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HTPs). Heat-shocked log-phase M. xanthus cells labeled with [35S]methionine were found to produce 18 major HTPs. The HTPs, analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography, were characterized with regard to molecular mass, subcellular location (periplasm, membrane, or cytoplasm), and temperature required for expression. Most HTPs were expressed at 36°C, the optimum growth temperature of M. xanthus. Cells preincubated at 36°C for 1 h before being shifted to 40°C demonstrated increased thermotolerance compared with cells shifted directly from 28 to 40°C. The HTPs produced by heat-shocked starvation-induced fruiting cells and glycerol-induced sporulating cells were also analyzed and characterized. Thirteen HTPs were detected in fruiting cells shifted from 28 to 40°C. Six of these HTPs were not seen in vegetative M. xanthus cells. Log-phase cells induced to sporulate by the addition of glycerol produced 17 HTPs after being shifted to 40°C. These HTPs were found to be a mixture of HTPs detected in heat-shocked log-phase cells and heat-shocked fruiting cells.
Rosselia socialis from the Ordovician of Asturias (Northern Spain) and the Early Evolution of Equilibrium Behavior in Polychaetes

ABSTRACT Stacked specimens of Rosselia socialis from the Middle to Upper Ordovician Castro Formation of Asturias, northern Spain represent an example of an infaunal community able to move upwards simultaneously to avoid burial due to sedimentation from unidirectional currents. This ichnofabric is similar to those described from younger deposits and attributed to equilibrium structures produced by polychaetes belonging to the Order Terebellida. Although high density of specimens has been documented in Cambrian Rosselia suites, the Ordovician occurrence from Asturias is so far the oldest example of a Rosselia ichnofabric recording synchronous equilibrium behaviour of a whole community. Despite uncertainties derived from their patchy fossil record and potential for behavioral convergence, trace-fossil evidence seems to indicate that some groups of polychaetes were efficient burrowers since the early Cambrian. Rosselia ichnofabrics reflect an increased complexity of the trophic web and the ability of infaunal polychaete communities to colonize sandy, relatively high-energy settings by the early Paleozoic.
Destructive processes in communities of crowdsourcing competitions

Purpose – Virtual crowdsourcing initiatives, and in particular crowdsourcing competitions, have become a promising means of harnessing users ’ creativity to help corporate innovation. To date, research has tended to focus on the outcome of the competition, i.e. on the creative solution. There is, however, a lack of understanding in such crowdsourcing environments of the creative process itself and the influence of social interaction on the platform during this process. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a series of qualitative interviews with participants from a major European crowdsourcing platform. The platform acts as an intermediary between companies and firms, and has launched more than 370 idea competitions. Findings – The results suggest that there are not only positive interactions going on between participants. Below the surface, there also appear destructive processes provoked by the fierce competition among the contestants for prizes and a position in the Top Innovator lists. Such destructive behavior includes bullying of successful contestants, excessive use of like-functions among befriended contestants, and mutual donation of prize money among in-group members. Practical implications – Negative social interaction among contestants of crowdsourcing communities can potentially threaten the platform provider ’ s business model. Managers of crowdsourcing platforms should engage in the development of strong social norms explicitly disapproving destructive behavior. Originality/value – This study is the first to investigate in detail the phase of idea generation on crowdsourcing platforms, and the nature and impact of social interactions among contestants.
Visible Success and Invisible Failure in Post-Crisis Reform in the Republic of Korea: Interplay of Global Standards, Agents, and Local Specificity

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. Policy Research Working Papers are available online at http://econ.worldbank. org.
Ownership structure and efficiency

Structure Ef6ciency: An Incentive Mechanism Approach We comparc etficiency implications of two team production models involving problems of tcam moral hazard and adverse selection. The models. formalized in a generalized principal Jmultiplc-agent framework, differ only in the underlyingowner- ship structures, one characterized by absentee ownership, the o[her by cooperative ownership. Explicit comparison ol'optimal contractual solutions suggesu that, even if a hrm is viewed as a nexus ofcomplete contracts, the ownership structure of the firm matters for its economic efficiency. In this context, the cooperatíve firm can achieve first-best production efficiency, whereas the absentee-owner's firm cannot. Related issues are discussed throughout the paper. J. Contp. Lc'nnunt. September 1992. 3), pp. 399-431.
Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging and Retinoblastoma: Value of Dynamic

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Noninvasive evaluation of retinoblastoma treatment response has become more important due to increased use of eye-sparing treatments. We evaluated the relation between DCE-MR imaging and histopathologic parameters to determine the value of DCE-MR imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis and prognostic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients with retinoblastoma (mean age, 24 months; range, 2–70 months) undergoing enucleation as the primary treatment (15 eyes) were scanned at 1.5T by using dedicated surface coils. Pretreatment DCE-MR imaging of the most affected eye was evaluated by 2 observers by using curve-pattern analysis, with the first 5 minutes of each curve and the full time-series described as (cid:1) 5min and (cid:1) 17min , respectively. Assessed histopathologic and immunologic parameters included optic nerve invasion, choroid invasion, MVD, tumor necrosis, and expression of VEGF and Flt-1. RESULTS: The median value of (cid:1) 5min was 1.28 (range, 0.87–2.07) and correlated positively with MVD ( P (cid:1) . 008). The median value of (cid:1) 17min was 1.33 (range, 0.35–3.08) and correlated negatively with tumor necrosis ( P (cid:1) . 002). Other histopathologic and immunohistopathologic parameters did not correlate with DCE-MR imaging parameters. Interobserver agreement was 0.53 for (cid:1) 5min and 0.91 for (cid:1) 17min . CONCLUSIONS: In retinoblastoma, the early phase of the DCE time curve positively correlates with MVD, while the presence of late enhancement is correlated with necrosis. Thus, the potential for DCE-MR imaging to noninvasively assess tumor angiogenesis and necrosis in retinoblastoma is promising and warrants further investigation
Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Phenomenology of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations Angela Woods*,1, Nev Jones2, Marco Bernini3, Felicity Callard4, Ben Alderson-Day5, Johanna C. Badcock6, Vaughan Bell7, Chris C. H. Cook8, Thomas Csordas9, Clara Humpston7, Joel Krueger10, Frank Larøi11, Simon McCarth

© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Phenomenology of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations
Eliminating Look-ahead Bias in Evaluating Persistence in Mutual Fund Performance

Performance persistence studies typically suffer from ex-post conditioning biases. x 337. , standard methods of analysis on a survivorship free sample are subject to look-ahead biases. In this paper, we show how one can easily correct for look-ahead bias using weights based on probit regressions. First, we model how survival probabilities depend upon historical returns, fund age and aggregate economy-wide shocks, using two samples of US based 'income' and 'growth' funds. Subsequently, we employ a Monte Carlo study to analyze the size and shape of the look-ahead bias in performance persistence that arise when a survivorship free sample is used with standard techniques. In particular, we show that look-ahead bias induces a spurious U-shaped pattern in performance persistence. Finally, we demonstrate how a weighting procedure based upon probit regressions can be used to correct for this bias. In this way, we obtain look-ahead bias-corrected estimates of abnormal performance relative w Ž. x to a one-factor and the Carhart J. Finan. 52 1997 57. four-factor model, as well as its persistence. The results suggest that in this sample, look-ahead bias is of minor importance and does not seriously affect estimates of persistence. Our bias-corrected results closely w Ž. x correspond to the findings of Carhart J. Finan. 52 1997 57. , implying that there is no
BearWorks BearWorks

Understanding physiological limits and environmental optima is critical to developing protection strategies for endangered and threatened species. One theory to explain the decline in endangered Indiana bat Myotis sodalis populations involves increasing cave temperatures in winter hibernacula. Altered cave temperatures can raise metabolism and cause more arousals in torpid bats, both of which use more fat reserves. In addition, ﬂuctuations in cave temperatures may cause additional arousals. Our objectives were to quantify the effect of temperature and ﬂuc-tuations thereof on torpid metabolism and arousal frequency in this species. Female Indiana bats ( ) were collected from n p 36 caves just before hibernation, maintained in an environmental chamber that simulated hibernacula conditions, and had skin temperature recorded every 30 min throughout the winter. One environmental chamber containing bats ( ) was sequen-n p 12 tially set at 8 (cid:3) , 6 (cid:3) , and 4 (cid:3) C over the winter. The second chamber containing bats ( ) experienced the same mean temper-n p 12 atures, but temperature ﬂuctuated (cid:4) 2 (cid:3) C on a regular basis. Tor-por bouts were longest at 4 (cid:3) C and were not affected by temperature ﬂuctuations. However, the temperature ﬂuctuations appeared to cause longer arousals. Other bats ( ) were n p 12 individually placed in metabolic chambers to calculate oxygen consumption during torpor and during arousals. Torpid metabolism was affected by temperature; at 9 (cid:3) C, it was higher than at 7 (cid:3) or 5 (cid:3) C. Metabolism during arousals was not different among temperature treatments, but rates were almost 200 times higher than torpid metabolic rates. We calculated a winter energybudget and, from the energetic perspective, determined an optimum hibernation temperature (3 (cid:3) –6 (cid:3) C) for female Indiana bats. These ﬁndings suggest that hibernacula that provide these conditions deserve extra protection, although other factors in addition to energetics may play a role in temperature preferences.
The Role of Gender Factor in Investment Decisions

: The importance regarding the gender dimension in processes for making decisions related to investment is highlighted in this abstract. It explores the potential influence of gender on investment behavior, risk tolerance, decision-making styles, and investment outcomes. Traditional gender stereotypes and societal expectations have shaped distinct gender-based investment patterns. Women have historically been underrepresented in investment-related fields and faced various societal barriers that may impact their investment choices. Research suggests that women tend to exhibit different investment behaviors than men, often displaying more risk-averse tendencies. Several key aspects merit consideration in studying the gender factor in investment decisions. Firstly, gender differences in risk tolerance and investment styles must be explored to better understand the potential impact on investment performance. Secondly, societal and cultural factors, such as access to financial education, career opportunities, and gender-based expectations, contribute to the gender investment gap. The abstract emphasises that recognizing the role of gender in investment decisions is vital for achieving gender equality and promoting inclusive economic growth.
The effect of receiver antenna array horizontal orientation on MIMO channel capacity

AbsYracG In multiple-input multiple+utpnt (MIMO) systems the horizontal orientation of a linear array has. in some situations, a large influence on the available channel capacity. In this paper we investigate the effect of horizontal array orientation on channel capacity, eigenvalue distribution and antenna complex correlation coefficient in such systems. We present channel measurements in an office corridor environment for a 6 x 6 MIMO system and compare the capacity results to those of a physical and non-physical model based on the measurements. The results show that under LOS conditions the channel capacity can vary significantly depending on the receiver array orientation in the horizontal plane.
Neuroprotective Effects of Magnesium L-threonate in a Hypoxic Zebra�sh Model

Background: Hypoxia inhibits the uptake of glutamate (a major neurotransmitter in the brain closely related to cognitive function) into brain cells, and the initial response of cells to cortical hypoxia depends on glutamate. Previous studies have suggested that magnesium may have protective effects against hypoxic injuries. In particular, magnesium L-threonate (MgT) may increase magnesium ion concentrations in the brain better than MgSO4 and improve cognitive function. Methods: We evaluated cell viability under hypoxic conditions in the MgT-and MgSO4-treated human SH-SY5Y neurons, in vivo behavior using the T-maze test following hypoxia in MgT-treated zebra�sh, activity of brain mitochondrial dehydrogenase by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, and protein expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter (EAAT) 4 glutamate transporter by western blotting. Results: Among the groups treated with hypoxia, cell viability signi�cantly increased when pre-treated with 1 or 10 mM MgT (p = 0.009 and 0.026, respectively) Despite hypoxic insult, MgT-treated zebra�sh showed preferences for the red compartment (p= 0.025 for distance and p= 0.007 for frequency of entries), suggesting memory preservation. TTC staining showed reduced cerebral infarction and preserved absorbance in the MgT-treated zebra�sh brain after hypoxia (p=0.010 compared to the hypoxia group). In addition, western blot showed upregulation of EAAT4 protein in the MgT treated group. Conclusions: Pre-treatment with MgT attenuated cell death and cerebral infarction due to hypoxia and protected cognitive function in zebra�sh. In addition, MgT appeared to modulate expression of the glutamate transporter, EAAT4.
Ine�cient Infrastructure Services and Trade Flows: Evidence from Nigeria and its Trading Partners

This study examines the relative impacts of transport and information and communications technology (ICT) components of trade-related infrastructure on bilateral trade flows between Nigeria and its major trading partners. An augmented standard gravity model that featured variables for the transport infrastructure component (maritime transport, ratio of total roads network to total population and airport infrastructure) and ICT component (the number of internet users, fixed broadband internet, and telephone subscribers) was estimated using bilateral trade data on 22 major trading partners of Nigeria for the period 2005-2021. Panel instrumental variables technique (pooled two-stage least squares technique leveraged on fixed and random effects models) was used for the analysis. The findings show that both the transport component and ICT component had a significant impact on trade flows between Nigeria and its trading partners. In the exports model, the differential impact of the transport infrastructure component is higher than the ICT component, but the differential impact of the ICT component is greater in the imports model. This suggests that efficient provision of both transport and ICT infrastructure facilitates trade while the inefficient provision of either or both hinders it. Therefore, greater attention must be placed on improving both components.