Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QSAR Studies, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Pyrimido-Isoquinolin-Quinone Derivatives against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

According to the WHO, antimicrobial resistance is among the top 10 threats to global health. Due to increased resistance rates, an increase in the mortality and morbidity of patients has been observed, with projections of more than 10 million deaths associated with infections caused by antibacterial resistant microorganisms. Our research group has developed a new family of pyrimido-isoquinolin-quinones showing antibacterial activities against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We have developed 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA studies (r2 = 0.938; 0.895), from which 13 new derivatives were designed and synthesized. The compounds were tested in antibacterial assays against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other bacterial pathogens. There were 12 synthesized compounds active against Gram-positive pathogens in concentrations ranging from 2 to 32 µg/mL. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives is explained by the steric, electronic, and hydrogen-bond acceptor properties of the compounds.
Predictive Maintenance System for Rotating Machinery Onboard Ships for Detecting Performance Degradation

Maintenance of rotating machinery is crucial for extending the lifespan and increasing the reliability of equipment onboard ships. Presently, breakdown and preventive methodologies are used for the maintenance of equipment. Further, dataloggers collect critical machinery parameters, and parameter data is used for real-time parameter monitoring. The availability of such extensive monitoring data has also led to the adoption predictive maintenance methodologies in the industry, wherein machine learning-based analysis of recorded data is used to predict impending defects and prompt required maintenance. In this paper, we propose a predictive maintenance system that records data through a network of sensors installed over multiple electrical motor pump sets onboard the ship and uses statistical analysis to detect equipment degradation. Our system has been deployed onboard a ship to undertake real-time predictive maintenance of electrical motor pump sets used in firemain, AC plants, stabilizers, steering pumps and other auxiliary engine room machinery.
Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wind Turbines Operating under Hazard Environmental Conditions: A Review

This paper provides a review of the aerodynamic behavior of horizontal axis wind turbines operating in hazardous environmental conditions. Over the past decade, renewable energy use has accelerated due to global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and stricter environmental regulations. Among renewable options, solar and wind energy have shown economic viability and global growth. Horizontal axis wind turbines offer promising solutions for sustainable energy demand. Since wind turbines operate in an open environment, their efficiency depends on environmental conditions. Hazard environmental conditions, such as icing, rainfall, hailstorms, dust or sand, insects’ collisions, increased humidity, and sea spray, result in degraded aerodynamic characteristics. The outcome of most studies has been that the airfoils’ lift is degraded, and at the same time, drag is increased when wind turbines operate under these conditions. The objective of this review is to improve our comprehension of these crucial aspects so they are taken into account when designing wind turbine blades, and it offers suggestions for future research paths. It serves as a valuable resource that can inspire researchers who are dedicated to enhancing the aerodynamic characteristics of horizontal axis wind turbines.
Dimensão e Determinantes do Pensamento Ideológico entre os Brasileiros

Este artigo busca descrever a distribuição de eleitores ideológicos no Brasil e os determinantes individuais da posse de sistemas de crenças ideologicamente consistentes. As hipóteses testadas foram que apenas uma minoria dos eleitores é ideologicamente consistente e que escolaridade, interesse por política e identificação partidária estão positivamente relacionadas com essa característica. Com base no Lapop 2017, a metodologia consistiu na criação de um indicador de estruturação ideológica das crenças, baseado na coerência entre as posições políticas e a autolocalização ideológica. Com esse, então, descrevemos o tamanho e os determinantes individuais da posse de sistemas de crenças ideologicamente estruturados. Nossos resultados confirmam que há poucos eleitores ideologicamente consistentes, que há maior inconsistência entre os eleitores autolocalizados à direita e que a consistência está parcialmente relacionada à maior escolaridade, interesse por política e identificação partidária.
Use of a Combined Autochthonous Starter to Ferment Peranzana Alta Daunia Table Olives

: This study aims to evaluate the use of a multiple strain cocktail ( Lactiplantibacillus planta-rum, Candida norvegica and Wickeramomyces anomalus ) as starter culture for “Peranzana Alta Daunia” olives. The effect of the veraison degree of drupes (violet or green) and brine salt concentration (6 or 8%) on the acidification kinetic was analysed by using a 2 k Factorial Design. The acidification was affected by all the variables tested with the verasoin degree as the most significant one: in fact, neither salt concentration nor the presence of the starter were able to improve the acidification kinetic when unripe fruits were used
TRACEABILITY ARCHITECTURE TECHNOLOGY FOR SHORT COMMERCIAL EXCHANGE

The intense governmental effort to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), allowed project development accomplishment within this framework and, hand in hand with globalization, has connected Colombian territories with large cities by technological interfaces. The population and territorial view of the SDG has promoted trends that bring near consumers and territories of goods producers or consumer services;one of these trends are short commercial systems (SCS). This research has proved that Colombian SCS aid commercial exchange equity, promote sustainable and conscious consumption, produce new social and commercial links, contribute to reducing packaging use and solid waste production, product freshness, traditions and knowledge exchange, supply chain actors autonomy and integration of actors involved;this was also potentialized by the Covid-19 sanitary crisis. Evidence showed that SCS is performed by families or farming associations that lack technics to certify quality process and that effectively apply continuous improvement process, making uncompetitive operations faced to other commercial models;however, traceability as a quality strategy for perishable products has shown to adapt, allowing continuous quality improvement according to the supply chain actor requirements and the appropriate architecture that allows to model according to the requirements of each of the participant actors. The need to build a technological architecture that allows establishing the best commercialization and distribution model for each actor involved in the supply chain, ensuring guidelines for development and success of this technological answer is concluded from the four phases of this research. The architecture involved in this research allows adaptability in different rural families in the same economical sector, potentializing competitiveness, and clear information flow, minimizing risks, time, and allowing decision making facing possible risks. © IEOM Society Inweternational.
Application of FMS images in the Ocean Drilling Program: an overview

Abstract Piecing together the evolution of the ocean basins increasingly relies on the integration of data from both recovered core and downhole measurements. This task is often complicated by the limited amount of core recovered by the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and the lack of understanding of the downhole data. The availability of downhole electrically based images since ODP Leg 126 in 1989 provides scientists with the visual means of examining the nature of the subsurface, and for tying disparate core to the continuous downhole data. These Formation MicroScanner (FMS) images are unfortunately based on a relatively crude resistivity measurement which provides the interpreter with only an estimate of the resistivity of the rock but, where there are variations in resistivity which correspond to variations in fabric or structure, the measurement response is often sufficient to provide a detailed visual record. Scientists participating in the ODP have explored the use of these images in tackling a wide range of problems from volcanic and sediment stratigraphy to structure and tectonic applications. The determination of core orientation and the mapping of intervals where core recovery is incomplete in particular provide the geologist with a means of carrying out field studies based on borehole and core observations which were previously unthinkable. This paper aims to provide a brief introduction to this subject, and in reviewing some of the principal results to date, illustrates the use of downhole FMS images in the ODP.
The Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor I in Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability to Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Despite decades of intense research, disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are still very much needed. Apart from the extensively analyzed tau and amyloid pathological cascades, two promising avenues of research that may eventually identify new druggable targets for AD are based on a better understanding of the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to this condition. We argue that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) activity in the brain provides a common substrate for the mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability to AD. We postulate that preserved brain IGF-I activity contributes to resilience to AD pathology as this growth factor intervenes in all the major pathological cascades considered to be involved in AD, including metabolic impairment, altered proteostasis, and inflammation, to name the three that are considered to be the most important ones. Conversely, disturbed IGF-I activity is found in many AD risk factors, such as old age, type 2 diabetes, imbalanced diet, sedentary life, sociality, stroke, stress, and low education, whereas the Apolipoprotein (Apo) E4 genotype and traumatic brain injury may also be influenced by brain IGF-I activity. Accordingly, IGF-I activity should be taken into consideration when analyzing these processes, while its preservation will predictably help prevent the progress of AD pathology. Thus, we need to define IGF-I activity in all these conditions and develop a means to preserve it. However, defining brain IGF-I activity cannot be solely based on humoral or tissue levels of this neurotrophic factor, and new functionally based assessments need to be developed.
Potential therapeutic targets for Membranous Nephropathy: proteome-wide Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis

Background: The currently available medications for treating membranous nephropathy (MN) still have unsatisfactory efficacy in inhibiting disease recurrence, slowing down its progression, and even halting the development of end-stage renal disease. There is still a need to develop novel drugs targeting MN. Methods: We utilized summary statistics of MN from the Kiryluk Lab and obtained data on 1699 plasma proteins from recently published genome-wide association studies. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis and employed Steiger filtering for reverse causal relationship detection, Bayesian colocalization, phenotype scanning, and protein-protein interaction network. Results: The Mendelian randomization analysis uncovered 60 distinct proteins associated with MN. Proteins associated with an increased risk of MN in plasma include VWF [(Von Willebrand Factor) (WR OR = 1.412, 95%CI1.157-1.725, P=0.0007)], TLL1 [ (Tolloid-Like Protein 1) (WR OR = 1.353, 95%CI1.033-1.773, P=0.028, PPH4 = 0.986) ], REG3G[ (Regenerating Family Member 3 Gamma) (WR OR = 1.353, 95%CI1.033-1.773, P=0.047, PPH4 = 0.542)], PROC [(Vitamin K-Dependent Protein C) (WR OR = 1.203, 95%CI1.023-1.407, P=0.021)] and NCAM1[(Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule 1) (IVW OR = 1.391, 95%CI1.019-1.899, P=0.037)], etc. In contrast, proteins with protective effects against MN include CD27 [(Cd27 Antigen) ( WR OR = 0.785, 95%CI0.681-0.904, P=0.0008)] and HRG[(Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein)(WR OR = 0.839, 95%CI0.757-0.930, P=0.0008)], etc. After False Discovery Rate multiple correction, CD27 (P= 0.031), VWF (P= 0.031) and HRG (P= 0.031) still remain significant. None of these proteins exhibited a reverse causal relationship. Bayesian colocalization analysis provided evidence that TLL1 and REG3G share variants with MN. We found the interaction between CD27, NCAM1, PROC, and the target protein (CD20) of the targeted drug rituximab in MN. Conclusions: Our comprehensive analysis indicates a causal effect of CD27, VWF, HRG, TLL1, REG3G, NCAM1, and PROC at the genetically determined circulating levels on the risk of MN. NCAM1 has been confirmed as a pathogenic antigen in MN. These proteins have the potential to be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of MN, warranting further clinical research.
A retrospective analysis of climate-based dengue virus transmission suitability and demographic changes over the last four decades

The geographical range and intensity of dengue virus transmission have significantly increased in recent years due to changes in climate, urbanization and human movement. Using estimates of dengue transmission suitability based on historical climate data, we analyze the effects of climate and demographic changes on the global population living in high-risk areas over the last four decades. We find that climate-related stress has been greatest in the Global South, especially in Africa and Southeast Asia. Although the geographic limits of dengue transmission suitability remained relatively stable in recent years, the global population at risk within those areas has grown by approximately 1.7 billion, driven by population growth in areas with historically dengue-favorable climate conditions. While many studies focus on future changes, we provide oft-overlooked evidence towards understanding how past climate and demographic change may have shaped the current global epidemiology of dengue.
Exposure to heavy metals in utero and autism spectrum disorder at age 3: A meta-analysis of two longitudinal cohorts of siblings of children with autism

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Risk is attributed to genetic and prenatal environmental factors, though the environmental agents are incompletely characterized. Methods: In Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) and Markers of Autism Risk in Babies Learning Early Signs (MARBLES), two pregnancy cohorts with high likelihood of ASD, maternal urinary metals concentrations at two time points during pregnancy were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At age three, clinicians assessed ASD with DSM-5 criteria. Using multivariable log binomial regression, we examined each metal for association with ASD status, adjusting for gestational age at urine sampling, child sex, maternal age, and maternal education, and meta-analyzed across the two cohorts. Results: In EARLI (n=170) 17.6% of children were diagnosed with ASD, and an additional 43.5% were classified as having other non-neurotypical development (Non-TD). In MARBLES (n=156), 22.7% were diagnosed with ASD, while an additional 11.5% had Non-TD. In earlier pregnancy metals measures, having cadmium concentration over the level of detection was associated with 1.78 (1.19, 2.67) times higher risk of ASD, and 1.43 (1.06, 1.92) times higher risk of Non-TD. A doubling of early pregnancy cesium concentration was marginally associated with 1.81 (0.95, 3.42) times higher risk of ASD, and 1.58 (0.95, 2.63) times higher risk of Non-TD. Conclusion: Exposure in utero to elevated levels of cadmium and cesium, as measured in maternal urine collected during pregnancy, was associated with increased risk of developing ASD.
Uncertainties in remotely sensed precipitation data over Africa

Quantifying the amount of precipitation and its uncertainty is a challenging task all over the world, particularly over the African continent, where rain gauge (RG) networks are poorly distributed. In recent decades, several satellite remote sensing (SRS)‐based precipitation products have become available with reasonable spatial and temporal resolutions to be applied in hydrological and climate studies. However, uncertainties of these products over Africa are largely unknown. In this study, the generalized ‘three‐cornered‐hat’ (TCH) method is applied to estimate uncertainties of gridded precipitation products over the entire African continent, without being dependent to the choice of a reference dataset. Six widely used SRS‐based precipitation products (at monthly scales) were evaluated over the entire continent during the period of 2003–2010. The TCH results are further compared to those of the classical evaluation using the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) over entire Africa, as well as to the RG observations over the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). Overall, for the study period (2003–2010), the TCH results indicate that the RG‐merged products contain smaller error amplitudes compared to the satellite‐only products, consistent with the GPCC‐based evaluation. A multiple comparison procedure ranking, which was applied based on signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs), indicated that PERSIANN contains the highest SNR and thus suitable over most of Africa, followed by ARCv2, TRMM, CMORPH, TAMSAT, and GSMaP. To extract the main spatio‐temporal variability of rainfall over Africa, complex empirical orthogonal function technique was applied, from which the extracted patterns of GPCC, TRMM, PERSIANN, and ARCv2 were found to be similar but different from those of TAMSAT, CMORPH, and GSMaP. Finally, the TCH and RG‐based validation methods were found to provide similar evaluations for the SRS‐only products (CMORPH and GSMaP) over GHA, with CMORPH emerging to be the most suitable product, consistent with previous studies.
Polycomb repressor complex 2 suppresses interferon-responsive MHC-II expression in melanoma cells and is associated with anti-PD-1 resistance

Background Despite the remarkable success of immunotherapy in treating melanoma, understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resistance remains limited. Emerging evidence suggests that upregulation of tumor-specific major histocompatibility complex-II (tsMHC-II) serves as a predictive marker for the response to anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy in various cancer types. The genetic and epigenetic pathways modulating tsMHC-II expression remain incompletely characterized. Here, we provide evidence that polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)/EZH2 signaling and resulting H3K27 hypermethylation suppresses tsMHC-II. Methods RNA sequencing data from tumor biopsies from patients with cutaneous melanoma treated with or without anti-PD-1, targeted inhibition assays, and assays for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing were used to observe the relationship between EZH2 inhibition and interferon (IFN)-γ inducibility within the MHC-II pathway. Results We find that increased EZH2 pathway messenger RNA (mRNA) expression correlates with reduced mRNA expression of both presentation and T-cell genes. Notably, targeted inhibition assays revealed that inhibition of EZH2 influences the expression dynamics and inducibility of the MHC-II pathway following IFN-γ stimulation. Additionally, our analysis of patients with metastatic melanoma revealed a significant inverse association between PRC2-related gene expression and response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Conclusions Collectively, our findings demonstrate that EZH2 inhibition leads to enhanced MHC-II expression potentially resulting from improved chromatin accessibility at CIITA, the master regulator of MHC-II. These insights shed light on the molecular mechanisms involved in tsMHC-II suppression and highlight the potential of targeting EZH2 as a therapeutic strategy to improve immunotherapy efficacy.
Occupational stress and environmental impact among traffic police officers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A qualitative study

Policing is considered an extremely stressful, physically demanding, and mentally challenging occupation. The growing population with an increasing number of vehicles and the harsh working environment has made the work of traffic police even more stressful. This qualitative study aims to examine work and environment-related stressful factors among traffic police officials of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This qualitative study used a thematic analysis approach. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with different cadres of 15 traffic police personnel working in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal for at least six months. The study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Studies (COREQ) guideline. The findings of this study are structured around five major themes- workload, work-life balance, basic amenities, work environment and occupational health problems, and possible solutions and suggestions. Most of the participants (10 out of 15) reported having work stress due to the heavy workload and hazardous working conditions that had a significant impact on their job performance and mental well-being. This study highlights the challenges faced by traffic police officers in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The findings suggest that efforts should be made to improve the working environment of traffic police officers to reduce the physical as well as mental burden among them. The occupational health and safety (OHS) and mental well-being of traffic enforcers’ is a critical public health issue, therefore, it should be on the agenda of policymakers, organizational leaders, and stakeholders.
Practices of pregnant women regarding tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy at one primary health care clinic in Southern Namibia

Tobacco and alcohol use during pregnancy has negative consequences for the fetus. The study's purpose was to investigate the practices of pregnant women regarding the use of tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy. A quantitative research approach with a descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical design was used. The population was all pregnant women aged 18 years and above attending antenatal care at the Mariental clinic. Written informed consent was obtained from all respondents prior to data collection. Data was collected from 211 respondents selected through a systematic sampling. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package of the Social Sciences version 27. Descriptive statistics were used for frequencies and percentages. Fisher's Exact test at 0.05 alpha level was used to determine the association between variables. The mean age was 28.8, with a standard deviation of 6.9 years. Most participants, 92 (43.6%), were aged between 18 and 24 years. The majority, 186 (88.15%), were in the third trimester of pregnancy, and 154 (73%) were single. Most, 148 (70.14%), respondents have good practices towards alcohol use during pregnancy. Moreover, 190(90 %) of the respondents were classified as having good practices towards tobacco use in pregnancy. Educational levels showed a significant association with practices towards tobacco smoking (P=0.042). The study concluded good practices among pregnant women on alcohol and tobacco smoking during pregnancy. It is recommended that health facilities should introduce awareness campaigns on the dangers of alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy. Moreover, educational materials should be developed in local languages and distributed to the community.