Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reformulation of the Anderson method using singular value decomposition for stable convergence in self-consistent calculations

The Anderson method provides a significant acceleration of convergence in solving nonlinear simultaneous equations by trying to minimize the residual norm in a least-square sense at each iteration step. In the present study I use singular value decomposition to reformulate the Anderson method. The proposed version contains only a single parameter which should be determined in a trial-and-error way, whereas the original one contains two. This reduction leads to stable convergence in real-world self-consistent electronic structure calculations.
Nematicons: Optical Spatial Solitons in Nematic Liquid Crystals

Nematicons are self-trapped light beams in nematic liquid crystalline systems. Thanks to their optically nonlinear, saturable, nonlocal and nonresonant response, they enable light to self-confine and guide additional optical signals, making them an ideal testbed for applications in all-optical information processing.
Local continuity and thresholding using truncated quadratic regularization

We consider the estimation of a signal, containing homogeneous zones and sharp edges, from noisy data given at the output of a linear system. The solution is defined as the global minimizer of an objective function combining a quadratic data-fidelity term and a regularization term. The latter term is a sum over the differences between adjacent samples, weighted using a truncated quadratic potential function. Such estimators are formulated either in a statistical or in a variational framework and they are frequently used in practice. The resultant objective function is highly nonconvex and nonsmooth. We show that its global minimizers determine implicit functions which are locally continuous with respect to the data. Furthermore, we find that the magnitude of the differences between adjacent samples of a global minimizer are either smaller than a first threshold, or larger than a second threshold, which is strictly larger than the first one. No difference at a global minimizer can thus be placed between these thresholds, independently of the data. This result explains how edges are detected in an estimate involving a truncated quadratic regularization.
Novel Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogel with Core–Shell Fe3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles for Quercetin Delivery

A nanocomposite composed of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and core–shell nanoparticles of Fe3O4@SiO2 was prepared as a pH-responsive nanocarrier for quercetin (QC) delivery. The nanoparticles were further entrapped in a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion system for a sustained release profile. The CMC/Fe3O4@SiO2/QC nanoparticles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) to obtain insights into their size, stability, functional groups/chemical bonds, crystalline structure, morphology, and magnetic properties, respectively. The entrapment and loading efficiency were slightly improved after the incorporation of Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs within the hydrogel network. The dialysis method was applied for drug release studies. It was found that the amount of QC released increased with the decrease in pH from 7.4 to 5.4, while the sustained-release pattern was preserved. The A549 cell line was chosen to assess the anticancer activity of the CMC/Fe3O4@SiO2/QC nanoemulsion and its components for lung cancer treatment via an MTT assay. The L929 cell line was used in the MTT assay to determine the possible side effects of the nanoemulsion. Moreover, a flow cytometry test was performed to measure the level of apoptosis and necrosis. Based on the obtained results, CMC/Fe3O4@SiO2 can be regarded as a novel promising system for cancer therapy.
Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies

Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., “Osteometabolism” (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.
A Tunable Bandpass Filter with Arbitrarily Terminated Port Impedance Using Dual-Mode Resonator

This paper presents a design for a compact arbitrarily terminated port impedance tunable bandpass filter (BPF) with transmission zeros (TZs) that employs a dual-mode resonator. The proposed dual-mode resonator comprises two varactors along with series transmission lines and a shunt short-circuited stub. The resonant frequency separation of the dual-mode resonator can be adjusted by changing the length or characteristic impedance of the short-circuited stub. To achieve arbitrarily terminated port impedances, the coupling between the source/load and the dual-resonator is modified from the originally designed 50-to-50 Ω termination filter. Frequency selective characteristics are achieved by generating two TZs at the lower and upper frequencies of the passband. The location of the TZs can be changed by controlling the source-load coupling. To experimentally validate the proposed tunable BPF, three prototypes (50-to-50 Ω BPF, 25-to- 50 Ω BPF, and 20 + j10-to-50 Ω BPFs) are designed and fabricated. The measurement results revealed that the center frequency can be tuned from 2.10 GHz to 3.02 GHz (920 MHz tunability), where the insertion loss varies from 1.50 to 2.5 dB.
Evolution of particle-laden jet flows - A theoretical and experimental study

Author(s): Mostafa, AA; Mongia, HC; McDonell, VG; Samuelsen, GS | Abstract: A combined experimental/analytical investigation is being conducted to study the interaction of particles and turbulent fluid flowfields under a wide range of test conditions. As a first step, the developing region of an unconfined axisymmetric turbulent jet with and without glass beads of 105 μm diam (d) has been addressed for two mass loading ratios, LR = 0.2 and 1.0. A well-defined data set suitable for the validation of two-phase flow models was obtained by using a two-component phase Doppler technique. The theoretical calculations, based on a stochastic Lagrangian treatment along with a two-equation turbulence model for two-phase flows, yield reasonable and encouraging agreement with the measurements. © 1989 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., All rights reserved.
The Positive Feedback Loop of Empathy and Interpersonal Synchronisation: Discussing a Theoretical Model and its Implications for Musical and Social Development

The positive prosocial outcomes deriving from interpersonal synchronisation, as well as the contribution of social skills in attaining synchronisation with others in musical group interactions, are commonly explored independently, overlooking the possibility of a simultaneous bidirectional relationship between musical and social behaviour. This article focuses on the relationship between empathy and interpersonal synchronisation, critically reviewing each directionality of this intriguing link, namely, how empathy contributes to the socio-cognitive skills required to achieve synchronisation with others, and how this synchronised interaction lays the groundwork for the development of empathy. Following this review and building upon relevant research in music and social psychology, a theoretical framework is proposed, arguing that during a musical group interaction, empathy and interpersonal synchronisation create a positive feedback loop, enhancing one another in a reciprocal and simultaneous manner. The circumstances that encourage or obstruct this feedback loop, as well as its significant implications, are discussed. Finally, the present work highlights the importance of switching the research focus from unilateral to bidirectional relationships in order to gain a deeper understanding of the interrelation between musical and social behaviour.
Die Modalpartikeln ja, doch und schon : Zu ihrer Syntax, Semantik und Pragmatik

The aim of this thesis is to show how modal particles can be integrated into a modular description of language where grammar and pragmatics are seen as two independent but interacting modules. The modular approach is chosen because of the problems connected with a functional approach. On the syntactic level, it is assumed that modal particles are XPs. The fact that modal particles cannot occur alone in the initial field of a clause has, presumably, semantic-pragmatic reasons. It is also argued that the many positions possible for modal particles in a clause can be accounted for by assuming that they are generated in one special position in the (theoretical) syntactic structure, namely as adjuncts to the highest VP, and that other constituents may move past them for information structural reasons that have to do with the interaction of the grammatical focus-background structure and the pragmatic theme-rheme structure. In the light of the differences between the various occurrences of the words ja, doch and schon, modal particles are regarded as a category of their own, separated from categories such as adverbs, focus particles and sentence equivalents. On the semantic level, it is shown that the modular approach makes it possible to minimalistically assume one semantic form per modal particle, irrespective of stress. In the case of the modal particles ja, doch and schon, it is argued that they are non-referential and non-attitudinal. It is suggested that, in view of their common feature, ‘affirmative1, they be analysed as expressions of facticity. They are represented by an operator in a duality group based on the operator FAKT. The meaning is compositionally integrated into the meaning of a clause at the level of semantic form, where it takes scope over the proposition [e INST p]. It interacts with other modal particles and sentence adverbials, the order of which shows the scope relations. Finally, on the pragmatic level, it is maintained that there is no inherent connection between modal particles and the focus-background structure or the theme-rheme structure. Moreover, modal particles do not even seem to be included in the theme-rheme structure. However, they take part in the focus-background structure and may be focussed themselves. The functions of modal particles are derived from their meaning in interaction with the illocutionary force or the sentence mood, the Principle of Relevance, and stress. The functions thus derived are a strengthening or a weakening effect on assertions, the triggering of implicatures, and the indication of the type of relation between the utterance concerned and the context.
On the W-Notching of Tympanograms

The so-called W-notching of tympanograms can be explained if some realistic assumptions are accepted about the dependence on the pressure in the external auditory meatus of the acoustical resistance and the acoustical reactance at the eardrum. Sets of susceptance and conductance tympanograms can be classified in four groups according as the pairs of tympanograms show, respectively, 1 and 1, 3 and 1, 3 and 3 or 5 and 3 extrema. The appearance of a W-pattern in the admittance proves that for a certain p interval the ear becomes mass controlled. The theory also shows that for higher frequency probe tones no pathology is necessary to explain W-notching.
Single-Mode Operation of GaInAsP/InP-Membrane Distributed Feedback Lasers Bonded on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate with Rib-Waveguide Structure

Room-temperature continuous-wave operation under optical pumping was demonstrated using GaInAsP/InP membrane distributed feedback (DFB) lasers directly bonded on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate formed with a rib-waveguide structure. A threshold pump power of 11.3 mW and a submode suppression ratio of 29 dB were obtained for a cavity length of 140 µm and a stripe width of 1.5 µm. Light output was obtained through a 500 µm-long SOI waveguide.
Scenario Adaptive Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation by Integrating Cardiovascular Coupling Effects

Adding cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement function to wearable devices is of great value in the fight against hypertension. The widely used arterial pulse transit time (PTT)-based method for BP monitoring relies primarily on vascular status-determined BP models and typically exhibits degraded performance over time and is sensitive to measurement procedures. Developing alternative methods with improved accuracy and adaptability to various application scenarios is highly desired for cuffless BP measurement. In this work, we proposed a pattern-fusion (PF) method that incorporates cardiovascular coupling effects in the vascular model by combining three calculation modules – cardiac parameter extraction module, cardiac parameter-to-BP mapping module, and BP regulation module. Specifically, the first module combines feedforward, feedback, and propagation modes to model different modulation functions of a cardiovascular system and is responsible for extracting BP-related features from electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) signals; the cardiac parameter-to-BP mapping module is used to map cardiac parameters into mean blood pressure (MBP) by fusing different features; finally, the BP regulation module recovers accurate systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) from given MBP. With the concerted use of these three modules, the pattern fusion method consistently demonstrates excellent BP prediction accuracy in a variety of measurement scenarios and durations, exhibiting SBP/DBP mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.65/4.56 mmHg for the short-term (<10 mins) continuous measurement dataset, SBP/DBP MAE of 6.84/3.81 mmHg for the medium-term (avg. > 20 hours) continuous measurement dataset, and SBP/DBP MAE of 6.24/3.65 mmHg for the long-term (>1 month) intermittent measurement dataset.
Racial Segregation and Class in a Liberal Metropolis

As overt racial discrimination lessens and the social and economic status of minorities rises, segregation by class should become more and segregation by race less prominent. This hypothesis is tested via several structural and spatial measures of segregation, for class and for race separately and simultaneously. Even in the ostensibly liberal Seattle, race is found to remain vastly stronger than class for blacks, and even somewhat stronger for Asians.
ALGORITMO MULTIOBJETIVO NSGA-II APLICADO AL PROBLEMA DE LA MOCHILA.

This paper resents the basic concepts of NSGA-II elitist multiobjectie algorithm, showing its working principles and the special mechanisms that lead to preservation and evolution towards Pareto-optimum solutions. This algorithm is applied on the knapsack classical optimization problem adapted for multiobjective optimization. An alternative approach is also proposed, aiming to be compared with the basic NSGA-II procedure.
The Incidence of Hypocalcemia following Total Thyroidectomy: A Retrospective Study

Background : Hypocalcemia is one of the major complications following total thyroidectomy that can range in severity from asymptomatic to an acute life-threatening condition. Post-operative hypocalcemia is one of the causes of increased hospital stays and expenses for treatment. Objectives: To evaluate the hypocalcaemia in total thyroidectomy patients concerning the age and gender of patients, and also to evaluate the association between various histological types of thyroid diseases and hypocalcemia. Patients and methods : A retrospective study was conducted to estimate hypocalcaemia in 81 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at a tertiary care medical institute in Southern India, from January 2016 to December 2016. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, and histopathology data were collected and assessed from the medical records department of the hospital. Results: In this study, all the hypocalcemic patients were females with a mean age of 40.36 Years. 43.2% developed temporary and 3.7% permanent hypocalcemia. Temporary hypocalcemia was more common in adenomatous goiter and permanent hypocalcemia in malignant thyroid diseases. Conclusion: We didn ’ t find any association between hypocalcemia and advancing age. Similarly, we didn ’ t find any association between temporary hypocalcemia to histopathological diagnosis but all the patients with permanent hypocalcemia had malignant disease.
Qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement associated with unstable intracranial aneurysms: a meta-analysis

Background Unstable intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) are more likely to rupture and cause serious consequences. Evaluating the stability of unruptured aneurysms facilitates clinical management stratification. Purpose To compare and evaluate the predictive performance of qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement (aneurysmal wall enhancement [AWE], circumferential aneurysmal wall enhancement [CAWE], wall enhancement ratio [WER]) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the vessel wall to predict the presence of UIA. Material and Methods Original articles describing the depiction of aneurysmal wall enhancement on 3.0-T or 1.5-T high-resolution vessel wall imaging were retrieved from the Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases up to 15 February 2022. The combined sensitivity, specificity, and summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated, and meta-regression analysis was performed. Results In total, 12 original articles involving 1619 intracranial aneurysms (IAs) were included. The combined sensitivity and specificity of AWE, CAWE, and WER were 91% and 67%, 59% and 83%, and 86% and 75%, respectively, in the diagnosis of UIA. The summary AUC values of these items were, in order from high to low, 0.88 (WER), 0.84 (AWE), and 0.77 (CAWE), and the differences among them were significant (z = 2.976, P = 0.003 and z = 2.950, P = 0.003). The meta-regression analysis identified average size and 2D/3D magnetic imaging technology as possible sources of heterogeneity. Conclusion Qualitative and quantitative wall enhancement showed moderate accuracy in predicting UIA, and WER had the highest accuracy among them in this meta-analysis. Two covariates were found to explain the heterogeneity.
An explicit potential-vorticity-conserving approach to modelling nonlinear internal gravity waves

This paper discusses a potential-vorticity-conserving approach to modelling nonlinear internal gravity waves in a rotating Boussinesq fluid. The focus of the work is on the pseudo-plane motion (motion in the x, z-plane), for which we present a broad range of numerical results. In this case there are two material coordinates, the density and the y-component of the velocity in the inertial frame of reference, which are related to the x and z displacements of fluid particles relative to a reference configuration. The amount of potential vorticity within a fluid region bounded by isosurfaces of these material coordinates is proportional to the area within this region, and is therefore conserved as well. Two new potentials, defined in terms of the displacements and combining the vorticity and density fields, are introduced as new dependent variables. These potentials entirely govern the dynamics of internal gravity waves for the linearized system when the basic state has uniform potential vorticity. The final system of equations consists of three prognostic equations (for the potential vorticity and the Laplacians of the two potentials) and one diagnostic equation, of Monge–Ampère type, for a third potential. This diagnostic equation arises from the nonlinear definition of potential vorticity. The ellipticity of the Monge–Ampère equation implies both inertial and static stability. In three dimensions, the three potentials form a vector, whose (three-dimensional) Laplacian is equal to the vorticity plus the gradient of the perturbation density. Numerical simulations are carried out using a novel algorithm which directly evolves the potential vorticity, in a Lagrangian manner (following fluid particles), without diffusion. We present results which emphasize the way in which potential vorticity anomalies modify the characteristics of internal gravity waves, e.g. the propagation of internal wave packets, including reflection, refraction, and amplification. We also show how potential vorticity anomalies may generate internal gravity waves, along with the subsequent ‘geostrophic adjustment’ of the flow to a ‘balanced’ wave-less state. These examples, and the straightforward extension of the theoretical and numerical approach to three dimensions, point to a direct and accurate means to elucidate the role of potential vorticity in internal gravity wave interactions. As such, this approach may help a better understanding of the observed characteristics of internal gravity waves in the oceans.
Evolution of perturbation in charge-varying dusty plasmas

The nonstationary problem of the evolution of perturbation and its transformation into nonlinear wave structure in dusty plasmas is considered. For this purpose two one-dimensional models based on a set of fluid equations, Poisson’s equation, and a charging equation for dust are developed. The first (simplified) model corresponds to the case [Popel et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 4313 (1996)] when exact steady-state shock wave solutions can exist. This simplified model includes variable-charged dust grains, Boltzmann electrons, and inertial ions. The second (ionization source) model takes into account the variation of the ion density and the ion momentum dissipation due to dust particle charging as well as the source of plasma particles due to ionization process. The computational method for solving the set of equations which describe the evolution in time of a nonlinear structure in a charge-varying dusty plasma is developed. The case of the evolution of an intensive initial nonmoving region with a constant enh.