Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric admissions: The first law in Saudi Arabia

The Mental Health Care Law in Saudi Arabia was passed in 2014. This paper focuses on the articles of the law that are related to psychiatric admissions both voluntary and involuntary. The mental health-care law is similar to the laws in western countries. However, these articles and subsections are curtailed to the limited health systems and to the local culture. As the mental health-care system and culture evolves, the mental healthcare law will be modified in the future.
Studies on impurity seeding and transport in edge and SOL of tokamak plasma

We present numerical simulation studies on impurity seeding using nitrogen, neon, and argon gases. These impurity gases are ionized by the electron impact ionization. These ions can be at multiply ionized states, recombine again with the plasma electrons, and radiate energy. The radiation losses are estimated using a non-coronal equilibrium model. A set of 2D model equations to describe their self-consistent evolution are derived using interchange plasma turbulence in the edge and SOL regions and solved using BOUT++. It is found that impurity ions (with single or double-positive charges) move in the inward direction with a velocity ∼0.02c s so that these fluxes are negative. These fluxes are analyzed for different strengths of an effective gravity that help to understand the impurity ion dynamics. Increased gravity shows an accumulation of certain charged species in the edge region. The radiation loss is seen to have a fluctuation in time with frequency 5–20 kHz that closely follows the behavior of the interchange plasma turbulence. The simulation results on the radiated power and its frequency spectrum compare favourably with observations on the Aditya-U tokamak. The negative fluxes of the impurity ions, their dynamics in the edge region, and the fluctuating nature of the radiation loss are the most important results of this work.
Holistic eco-design tool within automotive field

In the last decades, sustainability has become a critical issue for the vehicle industry. Today automotive manufacturers are subjected to several government regulations aimed at making the industry more environmentally sustainable. In this context, many research and industrial activities are focused on the eco-design field by developing innovative materials, novel manufacturing technologies, and new methodology; the main objective is to combine the best design performance with increased environmental responsibility. In this paper, a holistic design and sustainability analysis method based on a multi-criteria approach is presented to support the designer in the early conceptual phase finding the best trade-off in terms of performance and sustainability. The new methodology generates a single-score index (SSI) based on product design/sustainability metrics; data normalization, weighting, and aggregation processes are also included in the evaluation method. This method is integrated into an eco-design framework developed through HyperWorks and MATLAB software tools. A case study, based on a reference geometry, a load case, and a list of materials and processes chosen by the designer, is described to show the potential of the proposed methodology. Finally, a critical review and concluding remarks are described following the SSI results; suggestions for further improvements are made.
Prevalence of nutritional deficiency in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer

Tumors of the mouth and oropharynx are a significant group of malignant neoplasms characterized by a progressive increase in morbidity. Almost every patient has dysphagia and accounts for 90-95 % of cases. Problems with swallowing in head and neck cancer may be associated primarily with the type and size of the tumor itself, which impairs the ability to eat. Therefore, the question of the presence of malnutrition in patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the preoperative period and methods for detecting nutritional insufficiency remains open significant criteria for nutritional status violation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of nutritional insufficiency in patients with oncopathology of the oral cavity and oropharynx in the preoperative period and to identify the most significant criteria for nutritional status disorders. The results of nutritional status assessment of 46 patients with oncopathology of the oral cavity and oral pharynx in the preoperative period were analyzed. Somatometric (body mass index, shoulder circumference, skin-fat clot thickness) and laboratory (total blood protein, albumin, transfers, absolute lymphocyte count) methods were used. Mean values were reduced only for albumin and the absolute number of lymphocytes. Anthropometric indicators in the study group, with the exception of a moderate decrease in the size of the skin and fat folds in men, were within normal limits. Analyzing the data obtained, it was found that 85 % (39 patients) of patients were malnourished. In 32 patients the disorders were mild, in 6 moderate and one had severe malnutrition. When assessing the trophological status, it was found that one indicator was reduced in 35 % (16/46), two in 28 % (13/46), three in 31 % (14/46), four in 4 % (2/46), five in 2 % (1/46). Malnutrition was detected by assessing the absolute number of lymphocytes in 71 % and blood albumin in 63 %, the thickness of the skin and fat clot in 50 %. BMI assessment revealed grade I malnutrition in 7 patients, while malnutrition was detected in 85 %. Thus, comprehensive study revealed in the preoperative period in patients with oncopathology of the oral and oropharynx a high incidence of malnutrition (85 %). The main contribution to the change of trophological status is a decrease in the cellular component of immunity and albumin.
Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C in a pregnant woman in a tertiary teaching hospital in Jordan

Background: Maternal infection with hepatitis can expose the newborn to subsequent chronic hepatitis. Acquired hepatitis is a preventable condition. A low percentage of hepatitis during pregnancy was found in this study to indicate successfully adoption of the modern methods of infection control. Objective: Maternal infection with hepatitis B or C virus can expose the newborn to a subsequent chronic hepatitis infection. Perinatally acquired hepatitis B virus is a largely preventable condition. Herein, the authors aimed o determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women. Materials and Methods: 48,556 pregnant women attending the delivery room between January 2005 and December 2016 were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), hepatitis B core IgM (HBc IgM), hepatitis B core IgG (HBc IgG), and hepatitis C antibody (HCV Ab). The percentages of the above variables were determined. Results: Of the 48,556 women, 118 (0.24 %) were found to have hepatitis, 107 (0.22%) with hepatitis B, and 11 (0.02%) with hepatitis C. HBsAg was positive in 102 (86.4 %), HBsAb in six (5.1%), HBeAg in 14 (11.9%), HBeAb in 52 (44.1%), HBc IgM in seven (5.9%), HBc IgG in 51 (43.2%), and HCV Ab in 11 (9.3%). Acute hepatitis B was found in two (1.7%) women, chronic hepatitis B in 60 (50.1%), chronic hepatitis B and C in four (3.4%), chronic hepatitis C in seven (5.9%), chronic inactive hepatitis B in 39 (33.1%), latent hepatitis in two (1.7%), and resolved chronic hepatitis B in four (3.4%). Conclusions: A low percentage of seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C during pregnancy was found at a tertiary university hospital in Jordan.
Inside Debt and Bank Performance During the Financial Crisis

This paper examines how inside debt holdings in uence bank performance during the recent nancial crisis. Using a sample of executives from 319 small and large U.S. banks, I nd that banks with larger inside debt holdings at the end of 2006 generate higher returns, display a smaller increase in downside risk, and have a smaller probability of distress from July 2007 to March 2009. I also nd that inside debt is associated with more conservative balance sheet management before the crisis, and a smaller fraction of nonperforming assets in the bank's asset portfolio for December 2008. The ndings suggest that inside debt might be a moderating factor to bank risk-taking, with important implications for the stability and governance of nancial institutions.
Prevalence of Specific Multimorbidity Combinations and Association with Medical Expenditures and Perceived Health among U.S. Adults, 2016-2019

IMPORTANCE: Multimorbidity is common, but the prevalence and outcomes of the specific combinations of co-occurring disease has not been systematically examined in the general U.S. adult population. OBJECTIVE: To identify and measure the burden of highly prevalent combinations of chronic conditions that are treated among adults 18 and older in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), 2016-2019. SETTING: U.S. households PARTICIPANTS: Nationally-representative sample of civilian non-institutionalized adults 18 and older (n=89,947). MEASUREMENTS: Multimorbidity - defined as any combination of 20 different self-reported chronic conditions treated during the study period. Frequent pattern mining and association rule mining were used to identify the most common combinations of multimorbidity that met a threshold of occurring in at least one million subjects of the weighted study population. The main measures and outcomes were annual self-reported prevalence, total medical expenditures, and perceived fair/poor health. Generalized linear regression was used to estimate age-race-sex adjusted odds ratios for perceived health. Taylor series estimation produced weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: An estimated 32.9% of the US population is treated for two or more chronic conditions annually. Frequent pattern mining yielded 259 unique combinations of chronic disease, including 77 two-way (dyad), 134 three-way (triad), 47 four-way, and one five-way combinations that affect one million or more of the weighted study population. An estimated 30.8 million people or 12.4% (95% CI: 12.0-12.7%) of the U.S. adult population is treated for at least {Hypertension & Hyperlipidemia}: the most common two-way combination. The combination of {Diabetes & Arthritis & Cardiovascular disease} was associated with the highest median annual medical expenditures ($23,850, [Interquartile range: $11,593 - $44,616]), and the combination of {Diabetes & Arthritis & Asthma/COPD} had the highest age-race-sex adjusted odds ratio of fair/poor self-rated health (adjusted odd ratio: 6.9, [95%CI: 5.4 - 8.8]). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the many combinations of disease are highly prevalent in the population. However, most research and clinical practice guidelines are single-disease focused. The combinations reported here could be prioritized for evidence-based research, especially those most associated with poor health and high medical costs.
Predictors of Mortality in Neurosurgical Patients After Traumatic Brain Injury

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is considered a relevant worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity. Objective: To evaluate independent factors at hospital admission and during hospitalization that predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with TBI submitted to neurosurgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort analyzed data of patients that underwent neurosurgery due to the TBI. Evaluated predictor factors were age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, sequels before and after neurosurgery, trauma mechanism, and neurosurgical procedure. The survival analyses were verified. Positive and negative predictive values were calculated. Results: A total of 312 patients were analyzed, majority male (81.4%) with mild TBI (55.8%), and mean age of 49.6 ± 23.5 years. GCS at admission was an independent predictor of mortality (HR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81 to 0.93; p < 0.001). The GCS ≤ 13 was the optimal cut-off value to predict survival with a significant difference between GCS groups (≤13 or >13; p<0.001). Patients with GCS ≤ 13 had a six times greater risk of mortality (HR 6.04; 95 CI 2.39 to 15.3; p<0.001). The positive and negative predictive values were 35.8% and 97%, respectively. Conclusions: The GCS in admission is an important predictor of in-hospital mortality in TBI patients that need a neurosurgical procedure.
Special Issue: Hospitality and Tourism Industry Survival – Critical Perspective on the Industry Recovery and Adaptation

This study aims to investigate the relationship between components of yoga destination development, yoga tourist satisfaction and revisit intention, a case study Hua-Hin, Thailand. A quantitative approach was employed using a purposive sampling by collecting data through online survey questionnaire from yoga tourists. A total of 400 samples were received, and the sample were from many countries around the world. A multiple regression with stepwise method was used to analysis data. The findings revealed that and there are two main yoga destination components to consider when developing a yoga tourism destination: firstly, core resources, and secondly, supporting resources to respond to satisfaction and revisit intention. The theoretical contribution, especially the yoga destination development model which stakeholders including yoga studio owners, yoga instructors, government sectors, accommodation owners, and restaurant owners will be the driving force behind the development of yoga destination, prioritizing core and supporting resources and the practical contribution, the authority should take the initiative to plan an effective collaboration that utilizes each stakeholder's competence and can be adopted in order to develop yoga destination and to attract international and domestic tourists to participate in the unique tourism which become popular activity under wellness context.
Disorder and Itinerant Magnetism in Full Heusler Pd2TiIn

We report electronic and magnetic properties of full Heusler Pd2TiIn based on first principles calculations. This compound has been variously characterized as magnetic or non-magnetic. We use first principles calculations with accurate methods to reexamine this issue. We find that ideal ordered Heusler Pd2TiIn remains non-magnetic, in accord with prior work. However, we do find that it is possible to explain the magnetism seen in experiments through disorder and in particular we find that site disorder can lead to moment formation in this compound. In addition, we find an alternative low energy cubic crystal structure, which will be of interest to explore experimentally.
USE OF RECORDED LECTURES IN AN ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY CLASS

People have been talking about flipping their classrooms all over the world these days. Flipped classrooms do have the advantages to allow students to learn at their own pace before class and more time can be saved for in-class activities that help learning at depth. However, as more and more classes are flipped, students, especially those not as bright, are complaining about heavy workload before each class. Is there a way to ease this out? Should all classes be flipped and face-to-face lectures be wiped out altogether? Or should we also try to make our lectures more interesting and engaging for our students, so that more can be inspired? Interactive lectures in a highly-rated animal physiology class of ~50 students were recorded every time using the Panopto video platform. Recordings were made available to students right after each class. Students loved the lectures and found the recordings very useful as reflected by the free comments they put down in the term-end course evaluation. In order to figure out how students used the recordings and how this might affect their academic performance, usage data were pulled out and an online survey was also conducted after the final examination to see how, when and why students used the recordings from their point of view; course performance was then compared against these. Results suggest that these recordings served different students differently. Though 97.2% of the respondents (n=37) found the recordings very useful (86.1%) or pretty useful (11.1%), students were using these for different reasons. Some interesting findings will be discussed.
MEASUREMENT OF BLOOD PERFUSION IN TISSUE

A diagnostic tool for noninvasive evaluation of microcirculatory blood flow using continuous-wave CW Doppler ultrasound is presented. In this study, the properties of this method are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The method utilizes a nondirectional CW Doppler flowmeter. Blood perfusion in tissue is shown to be proportional to the integral sfS(f)df where S(f) is the Doppler power spectrum and f is the Doppler frequency. The instrumentation needed to implement the method is described. Using an experimental flow model it is demonstrated that the above integral is proportional to the product between the number of scatterers in the sample volume of the Doppler probe and the mean speed of these scatterers. This is true even for low flow velocities (down to 1 mm/s). The results from in-viva measurements on tissues in the finger, and the calf demonstrate that the method can monitor changes in the blood perfusion. It also shows the present limitations of the method due to movement artefacts.
Non-invasive mesurements of transparent fibres

This paper presents a non-invasive measurement method for simultaneous characterization of diameter and refractive index of transparent fibres. The method is based on scattering of a polychromatic beam of light by a side-illuminated fibre under study. Both quantities of interest are inversely calculated from the scattering far-field region in the vicinity of the primary rainbow. The results of practical measurements are examined with the use of a novel optical system for laboratory-level tests. An analysis of prediction errors for 20– 120 μm thick fibres having various refractive indices helps to assess the outcome of the measurement data. The results show a clear route to improve the measurement process in on-line industrial process control.
DCASE 2021 TASK 3: SELD SYSTEM BASED ON RESNET AND RANDOM SEGMENT AUGMENTATION Technical

This technical report describes our system proposed for Sound Event Localization & Detection (SELD) task of DCASE 2021 challenge [1]. In our approach, Resnet architectures are used in the task as main network for SELD, and GRU is used after the Resnet for catching temporal relationship of acoustic features. Moreover, a data augmentation method called random segment augmentation is adopted during training. Firstly, the original sound recordings which only contain single event sound are cut into 100ms length pieces. Secondly, all the sound pieces are shufﬂed and randomly combined for generating new recordings. Finally, our proposed sys-tem is evaluated on the development dataset of task3 and it achieve better performance than baseline.
A Charge Flow Formulation for Guiding Analog/Mixed-Signal Placement

An analog/mixed-signal designer typically performs circuit optimization, involving intensive SPICE simulations, on a schematic netlist and then sends the optimized netlist to layout. During the layout phase, it is vital to maintain symmetry requirements to avoid performance degradation due to mismatch: these constraints are usually specified using user input or by invoking an external tool. Moreover, to achieve high performance, the layout must avoid large interconnect parasitics on critical nets. Prior works that optimize parasitics during placement work with coarse metrics such as the half-perimeter wire length, but these metrics do not appropriately emphasize performance-critical nets. The novel charge flow (CF) formulation in this work addresses both symmetry detection and parasitic optimization. By leveraging schematic-level simulations, which are available “for free” from the circuit optimization step, the approach (a) alters the objective function to emphasize the reduction of parasitics on performance-critical nets, and (b) identifies symmetric elements/element groups. The effectiveness of the CF-based approach is demonstrated on a variety of circuits within a stochastic placement engine.
Power Systems Infrastructure Planning with High Renew- ables Penetration

With the increasing penetration of renewable generating units, especially in remote areas not well connected with load demand, there is growing interest to co-optimize generation and transmission expansion planning (GTEP) in power systems. Due to the volatility in renewable generation, a planner needs to include the operating decisions into the planning model to guarantee feasibility. Three different formulations, i.e., a big-M formulation, a hull formulation, and an alternative big-M formulation, are reported for transmission expansion. To address the computational challenge, we propose a nested Benders decomposition algorithm and a tailored Benders decomposition algorithm that exploit the structure of the GTEP problem. Using a case study from Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), we are able to show that the proposed tailored Benders decomposition outperforms the nested Benders decomposition. The coordination in the optimal generation and transmission expansion decisions from the ERCOT study implies that there is an additional value in solving GEP and TEP simultaneously. The detailed results of this paper has been published in Li et al. (2021).
Relationship between Atmospheric Deposition of Nutrient (N and P) Concentration and Wind Direction in Lake Kivu Watershed, DR Congo Side

Recent researches have suggested that atmospheric depositions are a major source of nutrients to aquatic ecosystems. It is important to identify and quantify nutrients deposited into surface water and the relationship with wind direction and wind speed to understand the contributing sources of nutrient deposition to Lake Kivu. This study analyzed the relationship of the contribution of TP and TN from the atmospheric deposition with wind direction and wind speed during the period 2017-2019 using regression analysis. Atmospheric deposition of nutrients (TP and TN) and lake water were analyzed in the laboratory for TP and TN using standard analytical methods. Wind speed (m/s) and wind direction (o) were collected at Lwiro station using automatic sensor and gaps were filled by data downloaded from NASA/POWER SRB/FLASHFlux/MERRA2/GEOS website. Temporal variation of TN and TP atmospheric deposition rates is significantly different over time (p<0.000) at Lwiro station. Natural and anthropogenic activities in the watershed such as volcanic activities, biomass burning, and soil erosion introduce particles in the atmosphere following meteorological conditions and surface lake water becomes nutrients rich due to increasing nutrients input. It was observed that the average high rates of nutrients were coming more from the north part of the Lake (Goma) than other points. Volcanic and traffic activities were identified as being the main sources of nutrients in the north part of the watershed and appear to play an important role in the Lake eutrophication. The results can serve as a baseline as far as atmospheric nutrient loading sources in Lake Kivu watershed are concerned and suggest strategies for future assessment.