Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE FORM AND MEANING OF NAHYI IN THE QURAN SURAH AL-BAQARAH: A REVIEW OF ROMAN JAKOBSON’S SEMIOTICS / BENTUK DAN MAKNA NAHYI DALAM AL-QUR’AN SURAH AL-BAQARAH: TINJAUAN SEMIOTIKA ROMAN JAKOBSON

This study aims to determine the form and meaning of nahyi in Al-Quran Surah Al-Baqarah based on the perspective of Roman Jakobson's semiotic theory of communication. Descriptive qualitative was used as the method of this research. Al-Qur’an surah Al-Baqarah verse 22, 41, 42, 132, and 147 were the source of the data. The study’s findings indicated that the message’s sender is Allah SWT, the recipient is human, and the code is fi’il nahyi. The messages from nahyi contained in surah Al-Baqarah verses are not the same. In verse 132, the message is irsyad (guidance), whereas in verses 22, 41, 42, and 147, the message is tahdzir (threat). This demonstrates that nahyi does not only mean a prohibition, but also means giving instructions. The nahyi context varies as well. The context is situational context in verses 22, 41, 132, and 147, and cultural context in verse 42. Therefore, it is important for Arabic learners to understand the forms and meanings of nahyiin order to distinguish them when they appear in spoken or written Arabic.
Invariant methods for indexing and relative reconstruction of 3D models using 1D HRR and 2D SAR

We describe a geometric model of high-resolution radar (HRR), where objects being imaged by the sensor are assumed to consists of a collection of isotropic scattering centers distributed in three dimensions. Three, four, five and six point pure HRR invariant quantities for non-coplanar reflecting centers are presented. New work showing invariants combining HRR and SAR measurements are then presented. All these techniques require matching corresponding features in multiple HRR and/or SAR views. These features are represented using analytic scattering models. Multiple features within the same HRR resolution cell can be individually detected and separated using interference-suppression filters. These features can then be individually tracked to maintain correspondence as the object poise changes. We validate our HRR/SAR invariants using the XPATCH simulation system. Finally, a view-based method for 3D model reconstruction is developed and demonstrated.
Buffer strip design for protecting water quality and fish habitat

Buffer strips are protective areas adjacent to streams or lakes. Among other functions, they protect water quality and fish habitat. A typical buffer strip is found in western Oregon, where they are called Riparian Management Areas (RMAs). The authors use the term buffer strip to include functional descriptions such as filter, stabilization, or leave strips, and administrative designations such as Idaho's Stream Protection Zone (SPZ), Washington's Riparian Management Zone (RMZ), and the USDA Forest Service's Streamside Management Zone (SMZ). They address water quality and fishery protective functions of buffer strips on forestlands, pointing out improvements in buffer strip design possible through research or administrative changes. Buffer strip design requirements found in some western Forest Practices Act (FPA) regulations are also compared and related to findings in the scientific literature.
Exploring the Evolutionary Disparities: A Case Study on the Psychophysiological Response to Recreating the Hunter–Gatherer Lifestyle through Physical Activity and Caloric Restriction

Physical activity has been instrumental in shaping the human body throughout evolution, but modern sedentary lifestyles and excessive caloric intake have contributed to chronic diseases. This study investigates the potential benefits of recreating the hunter–gatherer lifestyle, involving physical activity and caloric restriction on psychophysiological responses. The aim is to understand the evolutionary disparities between ancestral and modern lifestyles. Two male participants, one fasting and one control, were analyzed during a 4-day walking event without caloric consumption. Psychophysiological parameters such as body mass, cortical arousal, hand-grip strength, lower limb strength, heart rate variability, reaction time, hydration status, blood glucose and lactate levels, urine markers, sleep quality, pain perception, stress levels, and perceived exertion were measured. The fasting participant exhibited higher ratings of perceived exertion, stress, pain, and dehydration. They also experienced poorer sleep quality, higher Creatinkinase levels, greater protein presence in urine, decreased lower limb strength, significant weight loss, and increased lactate values. Heart rate variability did not differ significantly between the fasting and control participants. Recreating the hunter–gatherer lifestyle through physical activity and caloric restriction can have implications for enhancing performance and improving overall health. However, further research is needed to better understand the complex interplay of factors involved in the psychophysiological responses to such interventions.
Influence of Macrophages on Vascular Invasion of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Emboli Measured Using an In Vitro Microfluidic Multi-Cellular Platform

Simple Summary Macrophages, specifically tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), play a vital role in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) progression, including cell growth, angiogenesis, and resistance to treatment. Current in vitro models for studying IBC have limitations and do not fully capture the dynamic nature of interactions between macrophages, the tumor, and the microenvironment in IBC. Therefore, we have developed a 3D in vitro model of IBC that incorporates a collagen matrix, functional blood vessels, and THP1 M0, M1, or M2 macrophages, allowing for the study of macrophage-tumor interactions and angiogenesis. Using this platform, it was found that Incorporating TAMs increases the number of new vessel sprouts, permeability of the vessel, matrix porosity, and intravasation of MDA-IBC3 cells. Additionally, IL8 and MMP-9, which are known to promote angiogenesis and tumor invasion, were found to be preferentially secreted in M0 and M2 co-culture platforms. Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and a lack of effective treatments. It is widely established that understanding the interactions between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the tumor microenvironment is essential for identifying distinct targeting markers that help with prognosis and subsequent development of effective treatments. In this study, we present a 3D in vitro microfluidic IBC platform consisting of THP1 M0, M1, or M2 macrophages, IBC cells, and endothelial cells. The platform comprises a collagen matrix that includes an endothelialized vessel, creating a physiologically relevant environment for cellular interactions. Through the utilization of this platform, it was discovered that the inclusion of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) led to an increase in the formation of new blood vessel sprouts and enhanced permeability of the endothelium, regardless of the macrophage phenotype. Interestingly, the platforms containing THP-1 M1 or M2 macrophages exhibited significantly greater porosity in the collagen extracellular matrix (ECM) compared to the platforms containing THP-1 M0 and the MDA-IBC3 cells alone. Cytokine analysis revealed that IL-8 and MMP9 showed selective increases when macrophages were cultured in the platforms. Notably, intravasation of tumor cells into the vessels was observed exclusively in the platform containing MDA-IBC3 and M0 macrophages.
Simplified analysis of horizontal stresses in a buttressed forearc sliver at an oblique subduction zone

Forearc slivers are commonly present at obliquely convergent margins. Such slivers are often buttressed at their leading edges, but no quantitative model of the buttress effect exists. I consider the horizontal stresses in a buttressed sliver using a simple plan-view two-dimensional elastic model. The driving force created by the subducting plate is approximated by a body force in the direction of plate convergence. An Airy stress function solution relates the stress field to the boundary and body forces that allows the relative importance of different forces driving and resisting the sliver to be evaluated. Oblique subduction can easily cause arc-parallel compression in the buttressed sliver, especially near the leading edge, because the arc-parallel component of the driving force by the subducting plate is integrated over a much larger distance than its arc-normal component. For the Southwest Kuril arc, the stress field predicted by the simple model agrees with that inferred from geological structures. It is possible that the model can also explain the stress field of the Cascadia forearc as constrained by earthquake focal mechanisms and in situ stress measurements.
Neutron-based Analysis for Cultural Heritage Research.Results of the Ancient Charm project

The European project Ancient Charm used non-destructive neutron-based techniques and studied a number of cultural heritage objects from Hungary, Italy and The Netherlands. The goal of the physicists in the project was to develop a 3-D imaging technique based on epithermal neutron absorption and the archaeologists wanted to use the various methods to characterize the heritage objects and, in one case, suggest methods for preservation or restoration.
Regional change of coda Q in the oceanic lithosphere

Coda Q of 22 local earthquakes recorded on islands located in young and old oceanic lithosphere areas has been measured. We found that the Q values at periods of from 1 to ∼2 seconds increase from young to old ocean lithosphere in the same way as for the continent, where the intensity of current tectonic activity shows a strong negative correlation with the coda Q. The Q values increase with frequency proportional to fn, where n was found to be 0.46–0.61, with the higher values for younger oceanic lithosphere, which is again similar to the continents where the active regions have higher n values.
VNIR spectral characteristics of terrestrial igneous effusive rocks: mineralogical composition and the influence of texture

Abstract Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy is an important technique with which to map mineralogy and mineralogical variations across planetary surfaces using remotely sensed data. Absorption bands in this spectral range are due to electronic or molecular processes directly related to mineral families or specific compositions. Effusive igneous rocks are widely recognized materials distributed on the surfaces of terrestrial planets, and are formed by primary minerals that can be discriminated by electronic absorptions (e.g. crystal field absorption). In this paper, we review the current knowledge of effusive rock compositions obtained by crystal field absorption in VNIR reflectance spectroscopy, and consider how different petrographical characteristics influence the mineralogical interpretation of such rock compositions. We show that: (1) the dominant mineralogy can be clearly recognized for crystalline material, especially with relatively large crystal dimension groundmass or high porphyritic index; (2) both grain and crystal size are important factors that influence the spectra of effusive rocks where groundmass is generally characterized by microscopic crystals; and (3) glassy dark components in the groundmass reduce or hide the crystal field absorption of mafic minerals or plagioclase otherwise expected to be present.
Assessing the role of smaller format retailers on the food desert landscape in Dallas, Texas

Many policy and business decisions regarding food deserts in the U.S. are based on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) definition of a food desert. This definition only includes large/national chain grocery retailers, based on the assumption that these major retailers are the only affordable sources of food contributing to balanced diets. As alternative distribution channels, including smaller stores, start to include groceries in their product offering, the need to consider the role of other businesses in the food retailing environment should be addressed. This thesis assesses the role of smaller format grocery retailers (small local grocers, convenience stores, gas stations, dollar stores, and drug stores) in shaping the food desert landscape in Dallas, Texas. The analysis evaluates the products offered in these stores, and then identifies the difference these stores make when included in the USDA analysis. This was done by collecting in-store data to determine the variety of products offered, the affordability of those products, and the overall healthfulness of the store. In addition, the gaps in supply and demand were identified in the USDA-defined food deserts in order to identify the impact any smaller format retailer may have. The findings suggest that, overall, smaller format retailers do offer a variety of products needed for a balanced diet. However, the products in these stores are mostly not affordable, and most stores offer more unhealthy foods, than unhealthy. Overall, results suggest dollar stores may play a role in alleviating the impact of food deserts.
Functional Characterization of Eight Zinc Finger Motif-Containing Proteins in Toxoplasma gondii Type I RH Strain Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System

The Zinc finger protein (ZFP) family is widely distributed in eukaryotes and interacts with DNA, RNA, and various proteins to participate in many molecular processes. In the present study, the biological functions of eight ZFP genes in the lytic cycle and the pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii were examined using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Immunofluorescence showed that four ZFPs (RH248270-HA, RH255310-HA, RH309200-HA, and RH236640-HA) were localized in the cytoplasm, and one ZFP (RH273150-HA) was located in the nucleus, while the expression level of RH285190-HA, RH260870-HA, and RH248450-HA was undetectable. No significant differences were detected between seven RHΔzfp strains (RHΔ285190, RHΔ248270, RHΔ260870, RHΔ255310, RHΔ309200, RHΔ248450, and RHΔ236640) and the wild-type (WT) strain in the T. gondii lytic cycle, including plaque formation, invasion, intracellular replication, and egress, as well as in vitro virulence (p > 0.05). However, the RHΔ273150 strain exhibited significantly lower replication efficiency compared to the other seven RHΔzfp strains and the WT strain, while in vivo virulence in mice was not significantly affected. Comparative expression analysis of the eight zfp genes indicates that certain genes may have essential functions in the sexual reproductive stage of T. gondii. Taken together, these findings expand our current understanding of the roles of ZFPs in T. gondii.
HORIZONTAL IMPEDANCE OF EMBEDDED STRIP FOUNDATIONS IN LAYERED SOIL

This paper presents a detailed investigation of the influence of key mechanical and geometrical parameters on the dynamic horizontal stiffness of rigid strip foundations embedded in layered soil. Geometrical parameters include the depth of embedment, the thickness of the top soil layer, and the height of contact of foundation sidewalls with surrounding backfill soil. The influence of the relative shear wave velocities of the layers for a two-layered soil profile is also investigated. The results are presented in the form of simple, versatile dimensionless graphs. The investigation was conducted using a rigorous algorithm of the boundary element method incorporating isoparametric boundary elements. Higher-order quadratic elements were used because they can model accurately the wavy nature of the dynamic problem.
Persistence of Soil Compaction and Effects on Seedling Growth in Northwestern Quebec

Compaction is perceived as one of the leading causes of soil degradation resulting from forest operations. The objectives of this study were, for two contrasting soil textural groups (i) to assess persistence of compaction; (ii) to compare growth patterns of seedlings submitted to different levels of soil physical disturbance induced by harvesting, and (iii) to assess the relative importance of soil physical properties on these patterns. Six years following harvesting, penetration resistance showed significant relationships with traffic patterns while relationships between traffic patterns, soil macroporosity and bulk density were less significant. On fine-textured soils, five years after plantation, white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] height was 28% higher in the between track (BT) microsites and 25% higher in the wheel track areas (WT) of skid trails than in the undisturbed areas (UD). Nonetheless, mortality rate was higher in the WT area. Competition severity explained over 40% of white spruce early height and radial growth while soil physical characteristics had little effect. On coarse-textured soils, competition severity in skid trails (WT and BT) decreased with the number of skidding cycles, resulting in significant increases in black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) growth. Growth was negatively affected by high macroporosity values or positively so by high microporosity values, indicating that water retention may be limiting on these soils. On the coarse-textured soils, compaction was beneficial in the early establishment period. Further investigation is required to verify that these results also apply over the long term.
A massive primary congenital mesoblastic nephroma was successfully managed through open total nephrectomy: a case report

Background: Congenital mesoblastic nephroma is the most common renal tumor in children under the age of 6 months, comprising 3–10% of all kidney tumors in children. It is a rare and mostly benign tumor. It divides into cellular, classic, and mixed subtypes. It is typically detected in the third trimester of pregnancy using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The best treatment is surgically by completely removing the tumor. Case presentation: We reported a case of a one-day-old female who was born at 31 weeks gestation weighing 1670 g. Preterm labor was due to polyhydramnios, which was diagnosed predelivery. A large mass was detected in the left hypochondrium using computerized tomography, total nephrectomy was performed, and the histopathological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of congenital mesoblastic nephroma. Clinical discussion and conclusion: Early polyhydramnios could be the most significant sign of renal tumors in infants, especially congenital mesoblastic nephroma.
Spatial and temporal factors controlling short‐term sedimentation in a salt and freshwater tidal marsh, Scheldt estuary, Belgium, SW Netherlands

During a one‐year period temporal and spatial variations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and deposition were studied on a salt and freshwater tidal marsh in the Scheldt estuary (Belgium, SW Netherlands) using automatic water sampling stations and sediment traps. Temporal variations were found to be controlled by tidal inundation. The initial SSC, measured above the marsh surface at the beginning of inundation events, increases linearly with inundation height at high tide. In accordance with this an exponential relationship is observed between inundation time and sedimentation rates, measured over 25 spring–neap cycles. In addition both SSC and sedimentation rates are higher during winter than during summer for the same inundation height or time. Although spatial differences in vegetation characteristics are large between and within the studied salt and freshwater marsh, they do not affect the spatial sedimentation pattern. Sedimentation rates however strongly decrease with increasing (1) surface elevation, (2) distance from the nearest creek or marsh edge and (3) distance from the marsh edge measured along the nearest creek. Based on these three morphometric parameters, the spatio‐temporal sedimentation pattern can be modelled very well using a single multiple regression model for both the salt and freshwater marsh. A method is presented to compute two‐dimensional sedimentation patterns, based on spatial implementation of this regression model. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porewater advection by hydraulic activities of lugworms, Arenicola marina : A field, laboratory and modeling study

Porewater pressure gradients generated by activities of the lugworm Arenicola marina were measured in the laboratory and in unrestrained ﬁeld situations to determine the spatial extent of inﬂuence of individuals on porewater advection. These subsurface deposit-feeders live head-down in sediments in J-shaped burrows and defecate on the surface. Individual animals generated pressures of up to 18 cm H 2 O in the region of the feeding pocket, and the pressures decayed radially from the source with an exponent of -1.3. Pressure transients from defecation are detectable 50 cm from the source in unrestrained ﬁeld populations. The porewater ﬂows resulting from the observed pressure gradients in the ﬁeld were modeled using Darcy’s law and a dipole model of the pressure ﬁeld. The daily activities of lugworms were separated into categories of feeding, burrow maintenance, defecation, and burrowing, and the integrated effects of these activites were used to generate the porewater ﬂow patterns. In a sandy mud, individuals pump 1 L d -1 of water into the sediment in the region of their feeding pocket. As a result of this pumping, porewater is completely replaced once per day in a spheroidal region 6.8 cm in diameter, centered on the feeding pocket, and at least 10% of the porewater is replaced per day in a column of sediment 24 cm in diameter centered on the feeding pocket. In ﬁeld populations with 50 animals per m 2 , the ﬂow ﬁelds generated by activities of neighboring animals all overlap, so the entire feeding zone between the depths of 15 and 20 cm is continuously ﬂushed by worm activites on spatial scales of thousands of hectares. The large overlapping inﬂuences of neighboring worms on porewater ﬂuxes through the sediment-water interface indicates that packed cylinder models of porewater transport need to be used with great care in these bioadvective systems. The ﬂuxes from these ﬁeld measurements also indicate that our models to date grossly underestimate the scale and intermittency of porewater ﬂux and therefore its impact on biogeochemical cycling.
SafeCrowdNav: safety evaluation of robot crowd navigation in complex scenes

Navigating safely and efficiently in dense crowds remains a challenging problem for mobile robots. The interaction mechanisms involved in collision avoidance require robots to exhibit active and foresighted behaviors while understanding the crowd dynamics. Deep reinforcement learning methods have shown superior performance compared to model-based approaches. However, existing methods lack an intuitive and quantitative safety evaluation for agents, and they may potentially trap agents in local optima during training, hindering their ability to learn optimal strategies. In addition, sparse reward problems further compound these limitations. To address these challenges, we propose SafeCrowdNav, a comprehensive crowd navigation algorithm that emphasizes obstacle avoidance in complex environments. Our approach incorporates a safety evaluation function to quantitatively assess the current safety score and an intrinsic exploration reward to balance exploration and exploitation based on scene constraints. By combining prioritized experience replay and hindsight experience replay techniques, our model effectively learns the optimal navigation policy in crowded environments. Experimental outcomes reveal that our approach enables robots to improve crowd comprehension during navigation, resulting in reduced collision probabilities and shorter navigation times compared to state-of-the-art algorithms. Our code is available at https://github.com/Janet-xujing-1216/SafeCrowdNav.