Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relaxed Controls and the Dynamics of Control Systems

The relationship between relaxed controls and the family of processes or flows generated by ordinary controls is studied. We find that the flows generated by the relaxed controls form a completion of the space of flows generated by ordinary controls. With the aid of this completion we study the asymptotic and limiting behavior of the dynamics of the control system. Invariance properties of the $\omega $-limiting sets of admissible solutions are established. Stability, eventual stability and finite time stability properties of solutions with respect to ordinary and relaxed controls are investigated.
OJ 287 - Binary pair of supermassive black holes

A historical light curve of the BL Lacertae object OJ 287 is constructed in the optical V band using observations between 1890 and the present. The curve exhibits periodic outbursts at intervals of 11.6 yr or 9 yr. The individual outbursts show an initial maximum with decaying submaxima at intervals of about 1 month. It is proposed that these characteristics are caused by a binary in the nucleus of OJ 287, with the binary members having an accretion disk around them. The outbursts at 9-yr intervals would be caused by the tidal action of the companion on the disk of the larger black hole. A computer simulation is used to demonstrate that the inflow into the center of such a disk during the repeated periastron passages of a companion will produce an outburst similar to the ones observed. Based on indirect evidence, probable masses of 5 billion solar and 20 million solar are determined for the two objects. 38 references.
Direction of an initial saccade depends on radiological expertise

Purpose: To evaluate the role of radiographic details in global impression of chest x-ray images viewed by experts in thoracic and non-thoracic domains. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by IRB. Five thoracic and five non-thoracic radiologists participated in two tachistoscopic (one low pass and one with the entire frequency spectrum, each lasting 270 ms) each containing 50 PA chest radiographs with 50% prevalence of pulmonary nodule. Eye movements were monitored in order to evaluate a pre-saccade shift of visual attention, saccade latency, decision time and the time to first fixation on a pulmonary nodule. Results: Thoracic radiologists showed significantly higher pre-saccadic shift of visual attention towards pulmonary nodules once using the full frequency spectrum (p < 0.05). An initial saccade orientation made by these radiologists on full resolution images correlated at significant level with their confidence ranking of pulmonary nodules (ρ = -0.387, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Thoracic radiologists benefited from high spatial frequency appearance during a rapid presentation of chest radiograph by allocating pre-saccade attention towards pulmonary nodules. This behavior correlated with a higher number of correct decisions, followed by higher confidence in the decisions made, and briefer reaction times.
BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FOR SPLIT CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS

A numerical study of split cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas on a conducting ground plane excited by a coaxial probe is presented. The numerical solution is based on the method of moments for a body of revolution coupled to a wire. We consider in this study bandwidth enhancement for dielectric resonators excited in the HEM 11 and HEM 12 modes for the split dielectric cylinder. A wideband performance of about 35% has been achieved for the antenna and experimental measurements have verified this finding.
Subgroups of (²,) containing ()

Let PSU(n) be the image of the unitary group U(n) under the representation x -* axa-1 on the space Mn(C) of n by n complex matrices. We classify all connected Lie subgroups of GL(n2, C) containing PSU(n). We use this result to obtain a description of all abstract overgroups of PSU(n) in GL(n2, C). We apply this classification to solve the problem of describing all invertible linear transformations of Mn (C) which preserve the set of normal matrices. Our results can be applied to solve many other problems of similar nature.
The RS Canum Venaticorum system BD + 61 deg 1211 = 2A 1052 + 606

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LMI-Based Stability Criteria for Large-Scale Time-Delay Systems

In this paper, the problem of asymptotic stability analysis for a class of linear large-scale systems with time delay in the state of each subsystem as well as in the interconnections is addressed in detail. By utilizing a model transformation and the Lyapunov stability theory, a delay-dependent criterion for stability analysis of the systems is derived in terms of some certain linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is given to illustrate that the proposed result is effective.
Measurement of the fractal dimensions of smoke aggregates

A relationship relating aerodynamic diameter to volume equivalent diameter has been developed, which enables the fractal dimension of aerosol aggregates to be determined. The fractal dimension for carbonaceous smoke, under different formation conditions, ranged from 1.40 to 1.96, whilst for magnesium oxide smoke a figure of 1.08 was found. This is in agreement with observations based on scanning electron microscope examination, in which carbonaceous smoke clusters varied in degree of compaction and magnesium oxide smoke clusters were found to be chain-like. The results suggest that the fractal dimension is dependent on cluster material but independent of cluster size and show that smoke clusters forming under similar conditions have the same fractal dimension.
Photoinduced magnetic softening of perpendicularly magnetized L10-FePt granular films

Ultrafast spin dynamics has for the first time been studied in perpendicular magnetized granular films. For FePt continuous films and FePt–MgO and FePt–Ag granular films with femtosecond laser excitations, the coercivity HC and the saturation Kerr rotation θKS are dramatically reduced, accompanied by a sharp increase in the reflectivity R. Afterward, these physical quantities are slowly recovered. The changes in HC, θKS, and R are all different among FePt, FePt–MgO, and FePt–Ag films. The difference is caused by different film thicknesses and in particular by the surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles.
How to find the conserved quantities of nonlinear discrete equations

A method of finding conserved quantities of nonlinear ordinary difference equations is briefly discussed. The method is based on the hypothesis that the conserved quantities are expressed by a ratio of two polynomials of dependent variables. We obtain the conserved quantities of the `discrete equation of motion of an anharmonic oscillator' and `a nonlinear difference equation of third order'.
An efficient class of estimators for finite population mean in the presence of non-response under ranked set sampling (RSS)

In this study, we address the problem of estimating the finite population mean when the non-response occurs on the characteristics under study. We propose a class of Rao-regression type estimators when ranked set sampling (RSS) procedure is used to collect the data from non-response group only and from both, the response and non-response groups. The information provided on the auxiliary variable is used at both stages i.e., at designing stage and the estimation stage. Expressions for bias and mean square error of the estimators are obtained up to first order of approximation. A comprehensive simulation study is carried out to observe the performances of the estimators under non-response.
Novel highly scalable and very high torque micromotor for MEMS and MOEMS applications using the mechanical rectification of oscillatory motion

A new micromotor that is powered by the mechanical rectification of oscillatory motion is conceived, designed and fabricated. Its operational characteristic is quite rich and exhibits various modes of excitations. The idea explored in the design of this novel device is completely different than other micromotors reported in the literature. It consists of a rotor with elastic fins and linear actuators located on its perimeter and it operates as follows. When the actuators move toward the fins, the friction between the actuator edge and the tip of the fins causes them to deform. This deformation applies a force to the rotor that has both tangential and normal components. The tangential components results in a twisting action on the rotor, setting it into rotation. When actuators move away from the fins, the fins are released and allowed to move back to their original position. Continuous rotation is achieved by matching the oscillations of the actuators with the movement of the adjacent fins. The torque of this device is quite large (mN.m for 0.5 micrometers rotor radius) and can be adjusted by the radius of the actuator, the length and elastic properties of the fins, the tilt angle of the fins with respect to the rotor, the force exerted by the actuators, the vibration frequency and the number of fins, and by adjusting the friction between actuators and the fins. Experimental data using a prototype micrometer will be given and various application of the micromotor in optical MEMS and fluidics will be discussed.
The association between vitamin D and BDNF on cognition in older adults in Southern Brazil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between vitamin D and the cognitive decline of older adults and evaluate whether this association is mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum concentration. METHODS Cross-sectional study nested in a population-based cohort. Of the 604 participants in the complementary examination of the EpiFloripa Study, 576 older adults (60 years or older) were eligible for the study. The outcome is cognitive decline evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination, the exposure is vitamin D, and BDNF is the mediator. The control variables are age, sex, per capita family income, and educational level. The direct effect of vitamin D and BDNF on cognitive decline and the indirect effect mediated by BDNF was evaluated using path analysis, with the estimation of standardized coefficients. RESULTS Among the participants, we observed a direct and positive effect of vitamin D on cognitive function (Coef: 0.06; 95%CI: 0.02 to 0.11; p < 0.001) and serum BDNF concentration (Coef: 21.55; 95%CI: 9.92 to 33.17; p = 0.002), i.e., the higher the vitamin D, the higher the cognitive function and serum level of BDNF. CONCLUSION There was an association between vitamin D on serum BDNF and on cognitive decline in older adults. Moreover, BDNF did not have an effect on cognitive decline, so BDNF was not a mediator of the vitamin D effect on cognitive decline.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of a Noncontact Handling Device Using Air-Swirling Flow

The vortex gripper is a recently developed pneumatic noncontact handling device that takes advantage of air-swirling flow to cause upward lifting force and that thereby can pick up and hold a work piece placed underneath without any contact. It is applicable where, e.g., in the semiconductor wafer manufacturing process, contact should be avoided during handling and moving in order to minimize damage to a work piece. For the purpose of a full understanding of the mechanism of the vortex gripper, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study was conducted in this paper, and at the same time, experimental work was carried out to measure the pressure distribution on the upper surface of the work piece. First, three turbulence models were used for simulation and verified by comparison with the experimental pressure distribution. It is known that the Reynolds stress transport model (RSTM) can reproduce the real distribution better. Then, on the basis of the experimental and numerical result of RSTM, an insight into the vortex gripper and its flow phenomena, including flow structure, spatial velocity, and pressure distributions, and an investigation into the influence of clearance variation was given.
Multicanonical Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation of nematic-isotropic phase transition in liquid crystals

Temperature driven first order transition from isotropic to nematic phase in liquid crystals with and without random and quenched orientational disorder is investigated employing multicanonical Monte Carlo simulation. A lattice model with periodic boundary conditions is employed with the pair wise interaction of two nearest neighbor liquid crystal molecules given by the Lebwohl-Lasher potential. The transition temperature decreases with increase of disorder; also the transition appears to soften under strong disorder.
Computer simulations of environmental influences on galaxy evolution in dense clusters. II. rapid tidal encounters

To assess the significance for galaxy morphological evolution of rapid tidal encounters in dense galaxy cluster cores, we have performed a direct N-body simultion of the passage of a flat disk galaxy through the core of a cD cluster. The disk galaxy is modeled by 100 softened point stars which rotate in the spherical potential of a stablizing Plummer halo. Ambient cluster galaxies are modeled by Plummer spheres. The collisions resulting from a single cluster traversal are found to inflict serious disruption in the outer galaxy disk (r> or approx. =15 kpc), but leave the galaxy nuclear regions essentially unperturbed. If the disks of spiral galaxies form by accretion from extended gaseous envelopes (rapprox.50 kpc) over long time scales (approx.few x 10/sup 9/ years), such rapid tidal encounters may arrest disk development through the disruption and dissipation of the envelope.
The hyperfine structure of the inversion-rotation transition $J_{K}$ = ${1}_{0}$ $\leftarrow$ ${0}_{0}$ of NH$_{3}$ investigated by Lamb-dip spectroscopy

The ground-state inversion-rotation transition of ammonia at 572.498 GHz has been investigated in the laboratory using a sourcemodulation microwave spectrometer equipped with a double-pass cell. The experiment has been carried out at a pressure lower than 0.5 mTorr, thus enabling to record a Lamb-dip spectrum showing a partial resolution of the magnetic hyperfine structure due to the three proton spins. The achieved high resolution proved to be comparable to that of molecular beam experiments. This measurement provides very precise rest frequencies of the JK = 10 ← 00 transition and of its hyperfine components, which fall in a spectral region covered by the HIFI instrument on board the Herschel satellite.
Evolution of intermediate-mass stars from the zero-age main sequence to the base of the asymtotic giant branch as a function of mass and composition

Detailed numerical tabulations are provided for 20 models of intermediate mass whose evolution extends from the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) to the base of the asymptotic giant branch. The models span the ranges of 0.20< or =Y< or =0.36, 0.001< or =Z< or =0.03, and 3 M/sub sun/< or =M/sub asterisk/< or =11 M/sub sun/. A total of seven different compositions are investigated with two to four different model masses considered for each composition. Quantities tabulated are the model age, effective surface temperature, luminosity, radius, surface gravity, central composition, size of the convective core, the location of the base of the convective envelope, and the center of energy production of the hydrogen- and helium-burning shells. The results show that for a given model mass the evolutionary behavior depends strongly on its initial composition. The information contained in the tables can be applied to the construction of synthetic cluster H-R diagrams, and when combined with evolutionary data of low-mass stars (Mengel et al.), the information can be used in the study of galactic evolution.
ASTROPHYSICS IN 1993

After the astronomical excitements of 1991 and 1992, 1993 was frankly a bit of a letdown. More papers by more people were submitted and published than ever before (and this review has twice as many authors as the previous ones). Nevertheless, there seem to have been fewer large, definitive steps. As a result, we have focussed on a handful of broad terrains for which the maps have improved, including stellar rotation and mass loss, dynamics of globular clusters, and quasar absorption lines, but have also highlighted many more of the small steps by which astronomy advances toward inventorying and understanding the universe. As a consequence, the ordering of topics is less obvious from near to far than in 1991 and 1992. And the potential for misattributions and unjustifiable neglect is probably somewhat larger.
Asymptotic formulas for trapped modes and for eigenvalues below the threshold of the continuous spectrum of a waveguide with a thin screening barrier

Asymptotic formulas are found for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (trapped modes) of the mixed boundary value problem for the Laplace operator in an n-dimensional cylindrical waveguide with a thin screening barrier obtained by a regular perturbation of a part θ of the hyperplane orthogonal to the axis of the cylinder; the boundary ∂θ is smooth and (n− 1)-dimensional. These asymptotic formulas agree with the sufficient conditions for the discrete spectrum to be nonempty, deduced via the variational method. For an unbounded waveguide, both the algorithm for obtaining asymptotic formulas, and even the orders themselves of the main correction terms turn out to be different from those for a bounded domain. The same refers to the justification procedure for asymptotic expansions, which employs substantially the spectral theory machinery. §
Failure prediction in monitoring and control systems using Bayesian networks

Predicting failure in complex systems, such as satellite network systems, is a challenging problem. A satellite earth terminal contains many components, such high-powered amplifiers, signal converters, modems, routers, and generators, any of which may cause system failure. The ability to estimate accurately the probability of failure of any of these components, given the current state of the system, may help reduce the cost of operation. Probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, provide a consistent framework in which to address problems containing uncertainty and complexity. Measurable nodes of the Bayesian network correspond to states of measurable parameters in the system and unmeasurable nodes represent failure of various components. Nodes for environmental factors are also included. A description of Bayesian networks will be provided and a demonstration of inference on the Bayesian network, such as the calculation of the marginal probability of failure nodes given measurements and the maximum probability state of the system for failure diagnosis will be given.
Ocean Feature Analysis Using Automated Detection and Classification of Sea-Surface Temperature Front Signatures inRADARSAT-2Images

The Royal Canadian Navy produces a semiweekly map of major water mass boundaries in the Western North Atlantic using temperature measurements from several data sources, including satellite sea surface temperature (SST) images from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Temporal–spatial detail that can be provided by AVHRR of the location of important SST boundaries such as the Gulf Stream North Wall is limited due to pervasive cloud cover. The ability of satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to image SST front signatures unrestrained by cloud cover makes it a potentially significant additional data source. The Spaceborne Ocean Intelligence Network project has developed an automated procedure to detect candidate SST front signatures in RADARSAT-2 SAR images of the ocean surface and classify them with greater than 80% accuracy.
Origin and Storage of Consciousness

Consciousness is created by Yukawa coupling between Nambu-Goldstone boson scalar field and electron Dirac field in the brain. Nambu-Goldstone boson is created by breakage of symmetry of the quantum electric dipole field of brain due to brain wave. The image of consciousness is stored as binary data in the microtubular structures of the neurons like computer memory.
Toward systematic design of multi-standard converters

In the last few years, we are witnessing the convergence of more and more communication capabilities into a single terminal. A basic component of these communication transceivers is the multi-standard Analog-to-Digital-Converter (ADC). Many systematic, partially automated approaches for the design of ADCs dealing with a single communication standard have been reported. However, most multi-standard converters reported in the literature follow an ad-hoc approach, which do not guarantee either an efficient occupation of silicon area or its power efficiency in the different standards. This paper aims at the core of this problem by formulating a systematic design approach based on the following key elements: (1) Definition of a set of metrics for reconfigurability: impact in area and power consumption, design complexity and performances; (2) Definition of the reconfiguration capabilities of the component blocks at different hierarchical levels, with assessment of the associated metrics; (3) Exploration of candidate architectures by using a combination of simulated annealing and evolutionary algorithms; (4) Improved top-down synthesis with bottom-up generated low-level design information. The systematic design methodology is illustrated via the design of a multi-standard &Sgr;&Dgr; modulator meeting the specifications of three wireless communication standards.
Estimation of viscosity coefficients and rheological functions of nanocrystalline cellulose aqueous suspensions

This paper presents a methodology to calculate different rheological functions and viscosity coefficients for lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs) using analytical calculations and experimental rheological data. By implementing Doi and Larson models for lyotropic nematic liquid crystals, the Leslie viscosity coefficients for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) aqueous suspensions have been calculated as a function of concentration of molecules per unit volume. The Landau viscosity coefficients from the symmetric viscous stress tensor have been calculated based on the mapping between Landau-de Gennes theory and the Leslie–Ericksen theory. Various parameters and dimensionless numbers from the Landau-de Gennes theory were calculated and related to experimental data. The validation was done using numerical simulations of the Landau-de Gennes equations for transient simple shear flow between parallel plates of 7 wt NCC aqueous suspensions and experimental rheological data. Apparent viscosity and shear stress from numerical simulations have been compared with the experimental results for the same concentration and found a good agreement. A cholesteric pattern was observed for low shear rates and flow-aligning regime for higher shear rates.