Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel hybrid design and modelling of a customised graded Ti-6Al-4V porous hip implant to reduce stress-shielding: An experimental and numerical analysis

Stress shielding secondary to bone resorption is one of the main causes of aseptic loosening, which limits the lifespan of hip prostheses and exacerbates revision surgery rates. In order to minimise post-hip replacement stress variations, this investigation proposes a low-stiffness, porous Ti6Al4V hip prosthesis, developed through selective laser melting (SLM). The stress shielding effect and potential bone resorption properties of the porous hip implant were investigated through both in vitro quasi-physiological experimental assays, together with finite element analysis. A solid hip implant was incorporated in this investigation for contrast, as a control group. The stiffness and fatigue properties of both the solid and the porous hip implants were measured through compression tests. The safety factor of the porous hip stem under both static and dynamic loading patterns was obtained through simulation. The porous hip implant was inserted into Sawbone/PMMA cement and was loaded to 2,300 N (compression). The proposed porous hip implant demonstrated a more natural stress distribution, with reduced stress shielding (by 70%) and loss in bone mass (by 60%), when compared to a fully solid hip implant. Solid and porous hip stems had a stiffness of 2.76 kN/mm and 2.15 kN/mm respectively. Considering all daily activities, the porous hip stem had a factor of safety greater than 2. At the 2,300 N load, maximum von Mises stresses on the hip stem were observed as 112 MPa on the medial neck and 290 MPa on the distal restriction point, whereby such values remained below the endurance limit of 3D printed Ti6Al4V (375 MPa). Overall, through the strut thickness optimisation process for a Ti6Al4V porous hip stem, stress shielding and bone resorption can be reduced, therefore proposing a potential replacement for the generic solid implant.
Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract benefits cashmere goat semen quality via improving rumen microbiota and metabolome

Background Artificial insemination (AI) is an effective reproductive technique to improve the performance of cashmere goats and prevent the spread of diseases, and the quality of the semen determines the success of AI. The potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) and Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MOLE) to improve semen quality has been reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. For the purpose, 18 mature male cashmere goats were randomly assigned into three groups: the control (CON), MOLP, and MOLE groups. The CON group received distilled water orally; the MOLP group was orally treated with 200 mg/kg body weight (BW) MOLP; and the MOLE group was orally treated with 40 mg/kg BW MOLE. Results Results showed that MOLE contained long-chain fatty acids and flavonoids. Treatment with MOLP and MOLE increased the activities of the serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05), enhanced the total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05), and reduced the serum malondialdehyde level (P < 0.05). At the same time, MOLE increased the contents of serum gonadotropin releasing hormone and testosterone (P < 0.05). Moreover, MOLE significantly increased sperm concentration, motility, and viability (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MOLE raised the Chao1 index (P < 0.05) and altered the composition of the rumen microbiota; it also raised the relative abundance of Treponema (P < 0.05) and Fibrobacter (P < 0.05) and reduced the relative abundance of Prevotella (P < 0.1). Correlation analysis revealed the genus Prevotella was significantly negatively correlated with sperm concentration, as well as sperm motility and viability. Furthermore, MOLE significantly increased the rumen levels of the steroid hormones testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (P < 0.05), as well as the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) alpha-Linolenic acid, gamma-Linolenic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and 9-S-Hydroperoxylinoleicacid (P < 0.05). Conclusions Oral MOLE supplementation can improve semen quality by increasing the antioxidant capacity and altering the rumen microbiota and metabolites of cashmere goats. Moreover, the MOLP supplementation could enhance the antioxidant capacity of cashmere goats. Graphical Abstract MOLE supplementation can improve semen quality by increasing the antioxidant capacity and altering the rumen microbiota and metabolites of cashmere goats.
Long non-coding RNA MYU promotes ovarian cancer cell proliferation by sponging miR-6827-5p and upregulating HMGA1

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been confirmed to play vital roles in tumorigenesis. LncRNA MYU has recently been reported as an oncogene in several kinds of tumors. However, MYU’s expression status and potential involvement in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unclear. In this study, we explored the underlying role of MYU in OC. Methods and results: The expression of MYU was upregulated in OC tissues, and MYU’s overexpression was significantly correlated with the FIGO stage and lymphatic metastasis. Knockdown of MYU inhibited cell proliferation in SKOV3 and A2780 cells. Mechanistically, MYU directly interacted with miR-6827-5p in OC cells; HMGA1 is a downstream target gene of miR-6827-5p. Furthermore, MYU knockdown increased the expression of miR-6827-5p and decreased the expression of HMGA1. Restoration of HMGA1 expression reversed the influence on cell proliferation caused by MYU knockdown. Conclusion: MYU functions as a ceRNA that positively regulates HMGA1 expression by sponging miR-6827-5p in OC cells, which may provide a potential target and biomarker for the diagnosis or prognosis of OC.
Prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among the adults in South Asia: A multinomial logit model

Hypertension has been the most common non-communicable disease in low and middle-income countries for the past two decades, increasing cardiovascular and renal disease risk. Urbanization, aging, dietary and lifestyle changes, high illiteracy rates, poor access to health facilities, poverty, high costs of drugs, and social stress have contributed to an increase in the prevalence of hypertension in developing countries. Nonetheless, little is known about the comprehensive risk factors associated with prehypertension and hypertension among economically active adult populations of South Asia, such as India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. This paper uses the Demographic and Health Survey data of 637,396 individuals from India (2019–21), 8,924 from Nepal (2016), and 8,613 from Bangladesh (2017–18) to examine the prevalence and driver of prehypertension and hypertension. We analyze the prevalence of prehypertension because it leads to hypertension and is directly related to cardiovascular disease, and many people live with it for prolonged periods without realizing it. The paper finds, among other things, that the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among adults (18–49 years) is 43.2 and 14.9% in India, 35.1% and 19.8% in Bangladesh, and 25.2% and 13.8% in Nepal, respectively. Better educated, wealthy individuals living in urban areas of developing economies in the South Asian region are more likely to have prehypertension and hypertension. The paper suggests the urgent need to launch preventive programs to reduce prehypertension before it develops to be hypertension as a precautionary measure. Thus, such measures shall help to prevent hypertension, thereby improving the overall wellbeing of individuals and families.
Mycotoxin communications: Managing messages for different audiences

Mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone, are increasing in visibility as a public health threat through both acute and chronic exposure in food. USAID through its Feed the Future program has sponsored research in Nepal on mycotoxin contamination and the correlated high levels of stunting in children under age five. Communicating about mycotoxins is a complicated matter, as is communicating about any potentially serious economic or health threat that may be difficult to control. Two nominal group workshops in Nepal focused on identifying problems from multiple perspectives and developing potential communication strategies to mitigate the problem and potential concerns about it. Target audiences were identified along with their interests and effective channels to communicate with and within them. The first audience to work with is the government, as it must understand and value the problem and help generate confidence in potential regulatory and mitigation processes. Producers, educators and health professionals are the next audiences to address as they are the most closely involved with the problem. Consumer engagement is last, with a communication goal of sharing information to heighten awareness and minimize unwarranted public concern.
Factors influencing seniors' willingness to pay intention for exercise in the civil sports and recreation centers

Background The increasing trend for an older population is a phenomenon that is well recognized around the world. The percentage of senior citizens participating in sports, recreation, and leisure activities is also increasing in order to sustain a healthier society. As long as seniors recognize the importance and benefits of keeping healthy, they would prefer to be active in various sports and fitness activities. The seniors could engage in making decisions about their own health by exercising regularly and by encouraging their similar-age peers. The civil sports and recreation centers (CSRCs) in Taiwan have adopted operating transfer (OT) and are located mainly in metropolitan areas, with programs consisting of indoor sports offering people daily exercise. The major aims of the CSRC are to keep the citizens in good health and not to be the city government's financial burden. The extant literature examines the determinants of general consumer behavior, neglecting studies on older adults. This study aims to explore the factors influencing seniors' willingness to pay (WTP) more for exercise in CSRCs outside of free hours. Methods This mixed-method study consists of quantitative and qualitative analyses. For the quantitative component, we invited five experts in the sports industry from the industry and academia to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire. A questionnaire consisting of motivation, exercise involvement, and constraint constructs in the quantitative method was administered to 193 older adults in CSRCs. The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and structural equation model (SEM). Results Empirical results indicate that WTP in groups of people aged 75–79, 70–74, and 65–69 years is higher than in the group of people aged 85 years and above. Exercise involvement and motivation had more of a positive impact on seniors' WTP. Discussions Developing a regular exercise habits and having social interaction in exercise courses drive female seniors to pay more for body health. The results of this study provide managers of CSRCs with decision-making recommendations: (1) initiate entry-level sports courses, such as quick chair exercise, to cultivate among seniors the habit of exercise; (2) motivate seniors to participate in sports with other seniors in order to enhance their social activity and raise their WTP more for sports consumption outside of free scheduled periods; and (3) recruit seniors as exercise coaches or personal trainers to pass their experiences with other people of their age. In addition to expanding seniors' social connections, it encourages peers to exercise. Managerial implications and future research are also discussed. Conclusion This study contributes to exploring the determinants of seniors' WTP intention. Motivation and exercise involvement had a significantly positive impact on seniors' WTP intention.
A Numerical Model of a Hail-Bearing Cloud

Abstract A numerical model of a hail-bearing cumulus cloud is presented. The model is one-dimensional and time-dependent, and it employs extensive parameterization of the microphysical processes. The raindrop and hailstone size distributions are assumed to be exponential at all times. Cloud droplets are converted to raindrops according to Berry's parameterization of the autoconversion process and are accreted by the raindrops according to Kessler's formulation. Raindrops are frozen at a rate consistent with Bigg's freezing equation, and the hailstones so formed then accrete raindrops and cloud droplets. Ice crystals are not allowed by the model, and for consistency, then, it is assumed that the cloud droplets do not freeze except when accreted by hailstones at temperatures less than0C. The melting and evaporation processes are modeled, and their impact on the results is explored. The results of five test cases are presented. The sequence of cases is designed to illustrate the effects of the presence of ha.
Improvement of CALIOP Cloud Masking Algorithms for Better Estimation of Dust Extinction Profiles

Mineral dust suspended in the atmosphere affects the Earth’s radiation budget. To accurately predict the effect of dust on the climate system, information regarding its extinction profiles is needed. The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite has enabled the global observation of the vertical distributions of aerosols and clouds since June 2006. To correctly retrieve extinction coefficients from CALIOP signals, the lidar-observed layers must be classified into aerosols or clouds. The cloud masking algorithms of CALIOP should be improved since the cloud mask products occasionally misclassify dense dust as clouds. This study attempts to discriminate misclassified clouds from the CALIOP cloud mask with a discriminant analysis. The training data are collected by tests with the CloudSat cloud mask, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask, and relative humidity. Discrimination of dust from clouds is successful in cases over land and water surfaces during the daytime and nighttime. In contrast, the discrimination model of previous studies was inadequate during the nighttime since training data were not collected during the nighttime. The accuracy rate of the linear discriminant function classification is 91.7 % for misclassified clouds. The cloud mask is most frequently misclassified in the Taklimakan Desert. The proportion of misclassified clouds to the observed dust is ~34.6 % (below 2 km) in the desert. Comparison of our results with CALIOP level 3 products indicates that the extinction profile using the improved cloud mask is at most twice larger than that of CALIOP level 3 products. This study suggests that the smaller extinction coefficients of CALIOP level 3 products are mainly caused by misclassification of dust as clouds in the vertical feature mask.
Parametric representation of speech

As digital processing of speech becomes commonplace, it becomes desirable to have a parametric representation of speech which is simple, fast, accurate, and directly obtainable from the PCM representation of speech. The ZAPDASH representation of speech (Zerocrossings And Peaks of Differenced And Smooth waveforms) is one such. The PCM data is used to generate a different waveform and a down sampled, smoothed waveform (for 10‐kHz sampling rate, the smoothing FIR filter coefficients were − 1 0 1 2 4 4 4 2 1 0 − 1, used every fourth point). Peak‐to‐peak distances and number of zerocrossings are calculated each 10 msec, resulting in 400 8‐bit parameters per second of speech. ZAPDASH can be done in 15–20 computer instructions per sample and can be extracted in less than a 1/3 real time on minicomputers with 2 μsec instruction time. Although this representation is not noticeably different other similar proposals, it seems to be fairly robust and accurate, and is used in the feature extraction, segmentation, and labeling parts of the Harpy and Hearsay‐II systems. Fortran and PDP‐11 machine language versions are available from the authors. [Research supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. ]
H ∞ control of a Wiener-type system

A Wiener system is a system which can be modelled as a linear dynamic followed by a static gain. The goal of this paper is to develop a robust H ∞ compensator for controlling an SISO Wiener system. The controller also takes the form of a Wiener model. The design approach consists of the approximation of the non-linear gain using a piecewise linear (PWL) function and in using a linear controller for each sector obtained from this approximation. Therefore, the general controller structure can be stated as a linear dynamic compensator in series with a PWL static gain. As an illustrative case, a neutralization pH reaction between a strong acid and a strong base in the presence of a buffer agent is dealt with. Computer simulations are developed for showing the performance of the proposed controller.
An H-alpha survey of cluster spirals - Comparison of star formation in clusters and the field

In an objective prism survey of eight nearby Abell clusters, we have detected H-alpha emission from 77 out of a total of 201 CGCG spiral galaxies. We find that detection of H alpha emission is approximately independent of galaxy absolute magnitude, distance to the cluster center, and the presence of a bar. However, tidally distorted spirals are much more likely to be detected than undistorted spirals. Furthermore, there is a strong tendency for tidally distorted spirals to have compact nuclear emission rather than more extended disk-wide emission. When compared to field spirals, we find that late-type (Sc and Sc-Irr) cluster spirals have less H alpha emission, while early-type (Sa and Sab) cluster spirals can have significantly enhanced emission. The enhanced emission is most likely to be due to tidally induced star formation from galaxy-galaxy interactions.
A note on the synoptic climatology of Labrador‐Ungava

Aspects of the synoptic climatology of the Labrador-Ungava peninsula are investigated with reference to a classification of airflow pattern types, formulated on the basis of synoptic weather maps for November 1956 to February 1958. The winters 1956–57 and 1957–58 exhibit, respectively, marked negative and positive temperature departures and the temperature and precipitation characteristics of the airflow types are discussed for these two seasons. The validity of the airflow categories is statistically tested.
A Multilevel Thresholds of Change Model for Analysis of Stages of Change Data

In this article we describe a model for multilevel ordinal response data that allows for non- proportional odds for a subset of explanatory variables. As applied to stages of change data, which are commonly encountered in health promotion research, this model is termed the multilevel thresholds of change model since it focuses on modeling the K-I thresholds that delineate membership in the K ordered stages. Explanatory variables can have the same effect across thresholds (i.e., proportional odds) or varying effects across thresholds (i.e., non- proportional odds). In addition to the explanatory variables of the model, random effects are included to account for the multilevel structure of the data (e.g., repeated observations within subjects, or subjects observed within clusters). A maximum marginal likelihood (MML) solution is described using Gauss-Hermite quadrature to numerically integrate over the distribution of normally-distributed random effects. Data from a skin cancer prevention study, in which su.
On isotropic tensors

(1) Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 73 (1973), page 173 Dr E. Leibowitz has called my attention to a mistake in my paper on isotropic tensors. (1) On p. 173, if 12 is annihilated as stated and then we annihilate l13 by the same method, a new contribution to l12 appears. The correct method is to choose α so as to annihilate l21. Then a suitable rotation on the 13 plane removes l31 without re-introducing l21. The rest of the argument stands.
Inclusion Complex of Clomiphene Citrate with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin for Intravenous Injection: Formulation and Stability Studies

Clomiphene citrate is the first-line treatment for women with abnormal or failed ovulation. Currently, it is available as oral tablets, and the parenteral formulation does not exist. In this study, we prepared clomiphene citrate-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for its use in intravenous injection. The inclusion complex was characterized in the liquid state (phase solubility) and solid state by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analyses. The sterile intravenous injection containing 0.5% clomiphene citrate was prepared and characterized for its physical properties, assay, pH, and osmolality. A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the injection was developed. The HPLC method was validated for the assay, linearity, precision and repeatability, benchtop stability, and forced degradation to elute clomiphene isomers from the degradation products. The injection was packed in sterile 10-ml glass vials with butyl rubber stoppers and stored at 40°C, room temperature, and 4°C. The samples at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months were analyzed for clarity, pH, osmolality, and drug assay. The HPLC method was linear ( R ^ 2 = 0.9999), precise (0.86% relative standard deviation), and stability indicating. The stability data at the accelerated (40°C) storage condition for 6 months showed satisfactory results: the drug assay in the injection was between 90 and 105%, the injection remained clear, pH was between 4.0 and 4.4, and osmolality was between 270 and 350 mOsm. The stability data suggests that the product is stable and meets the given analytical specifications.
Parametrized data-driven decomposition for bifurcation analysis, with application to thermo-acoustically unstable systems

Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) belongs to a class of data-driven decomposition techniques, which extracts spatial modes of a constant frequency from a given set of numerical or experimental data. Although the modal shapes and frequencies are a direct product of the decomposition technique, the determination of the respective modal amplitudes is non-unique. In this study, we introduce a new algorithm for defining these amplitudes, which is capable of capturing physical growth/decay rates of the modes within a transient signal and is otherwise not straightforward using the standard DMD algorithm. In addition, a parametric DMD algorithm is introduced for studying dynamical systems going through a bifurcation. The parametric DMD alleviates multiple applications of the DMD decomposition to the system with fixed parametric values by including the bifurcation parameter in the decomposition process. The parametric DMD with amplitude correction is applied to a numerical and experimental data sequence taken from thermo-acoustically unstable systems. Using DMD with amplitude correction, we are able to identify the dominant modes of the transient regime and their respective growth/decay rates leading to the final limit-cycle. In addition, by applying parametrized DMD to images of an oscillating flame, we are able to identify the dominant modes of the bifurcation diagram.