Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Environmental Salt Stress on Plants and the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Stress Tolerance

Abiotic environmental stresses can negatively impact plant growth and productivity. Soil salinity is one of the major environment limitations on plant yield and distribution. In this article, we review the damage that environmental salt stress has on plants and how plant tolerates salt stress on the molecular level. We discussed multiple signalling and listed some pathways with certain members identified elements and some of the several common salt tolerance determinants. We examined the effect of salinity stress on plant development by reviewing the intracellular metabolic processes with excessive Na+ and Cl-. Salt stress affects every aspect of plant development, inhibits the growth of the plant, reduces the fresh weight and dry weight of root, stem, and leaf, decreases the expansion of leaf and changes the morphology of the leaf. It also suppresses photosynthesis and affects the ion homeostasis in plants, causing an imbalance of metabolism and oxidative stress. We also reviewed the molecular mechanism of plant salt stress tolerance in the form of the regulation of multiple physical and biochemical response, including the salt overly sensitive pathway, MAPK signal pathway, as well as other protein kinase and abscisic acid mediation. All in all, today’s research elevates our understanding of plant salt-resistance mechanisms to an unprecedented level. And yet, further studies on more elements of the signalling pathways are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of plant stress tolerance.
Feasibility of Low-Dose and Low-Contrast Media Volume Approach in Computed Tomography Cardiovascular Imaging Reconstructed with Model-Based Algorithm

Aim: To evaluate the dose reduction and image quality of low-dose, low-contrast media volume in computed tomography (CT) examinations reconstructed with the model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithm in comparison with the hybrid iterative (HIR) one. Methods: We prospectively enrolled a total of 401 patients referred for cardiovascular CT, evaluated with a 256-MDCT scan with a low kVp (80 kVp) reconstructed with an MBIR (study group) or a standard HIR protocol (100 kVp—control group) after injection of a fixed dose of contrast medium volume. Vessel contrast enhancement and image noise were measured by placing the region of interest (ROI) in the left ventricle, ascending aorta; left, right and circumflex coronary arteries; main, right and left pulmonary arteries; aortic arch; and abdominal aorta. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were computed. Subjective image quality obtained by consensus was assessed by using a 4-point Likert scale. Radiation dose exposure was recorded. Results: HU values of the proximal tract of all coronary arteries; main, right and left pulmonary arteries; and of the aorta were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05), while the noise was significantly lower (p < 0.05). SNR and CNR values in all anatomic districts were significantly higher in the study group (p < 0.05). MBIR subjective image quality was significantly higher than HIR in CCTA and CTPA protocols (p < 0.05). Radiation dose was significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The MBIR algorithm combined with low-kVp can help reduce radiation dose exposure, reduce noise, and increase objective and subjective image quality.
Adjunct Intraarterial or Intravenous Tirofiban Versus No Tirofiban After Successful Recanalization of Basilar Artery Occlusion Stroke: The BASILAR Registry

Background Approximately half of patients who achieve successful reperfusion do not achieve functional independence. The present study sought to investigate the clinical outcomes and safety of intraarterial or intravenous tirofiban as adjunct therapy in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion who had achieved successful recanalization with endovascular treatment. Methods and Results In the national, prospective BASILAR (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) registry, 458 patients who met inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups based on tirofiban administration (no tirofiban, n=262; intravenous tirofiban, n=101; intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban, n=95). Their clinical outcomes were compared with 90‐day modified Rankin Scale scores. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were obtained by logistic regression models and propensity score matching. Safety outcomes included any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), symptomatic ICH, and mortality. Among 458 included patients, 184 (40.2%) achieved a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–3). There were no differences between the intravenous tirofiban group and the no tirofiban group in terms of safety and clinical outcomes (all P>0.05). Compared with the no tirofiban group, the intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban group had higher odds of 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 3 (aOR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.30–4.64], P=0.006) and lower 3‐month mortality (aOR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.19–0.71], P=0.002) without an increase in any ICH (aOR, 0.34 [95% CI, 0.09–1.01], P=0.07) or symptomatic ICH (aOR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.03–0.90], P=0.05). Similar results of intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban on improving clinical outcomes were detected in novel cohorts constructed by propensity score matching. Conclusions Intraarterial+intravenous rather than intravenous tirofiban improved clinical outcomes without increasing the frequency of symptomatic ICH among patients with basilar artery occlusion after successful endovascular treatment. Further studies are needed to delineate the roles of intraarterial+intravenous tirofiban in patients with basilar artery occlusion receiving endovascular treatment.
The unfolded protein response of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms

Summary: Activity, morphology and size of an organelle are not constant, but vary dependent on extracellular and intracellular conditions. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the location where secretory and transmembrane proteins are folded. Dysfunction or overwork of the ER, which is mostly accompanied by ER accumulation of unfolded client proteins, leads to transcriptional induction of proteins that work in and/or for the ER. This cellular event, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), is observed in a wide variety of eukaryotic species, and its mechanism has been mainly uncovered through studies using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a simple model organism. The intracellular signaling pathway of the UPR contains various remarkable features, which include the involvement of regulatory splicing of transcription-factor mRNAs that is performed by the ER-located transmembrane endoribonuclease Ire1 in the cytoplasm. In this article, we describe our current understanding about Ire1 and the UPR in cells of S. cerevisiae and other eukaryotic species including plants.
Usage Patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Population-Based Study in Taiwan

Background: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) receive traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for clinical needs unmet with psychotropic medications. However, the clinical characteristics of practices and outcomes of TCM in BD are not fully understood. This cohort study investigated the clinical characteristics, principal diagnoses, TCM interventions, and TCM prescriptions in patients with BD. Methods: Data for a total of 12,113 patients with BD between 1996 and 2013 were withdrawn from Taiwan’s longitudinal health insurance database 2000 (LHID 2000). The chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and the independent t-test was used for continuous variables. A p-value less than 0.05 indicated significance. Results: One thousand three hundred nineteen patients who visited TCM clinics after the diagnosis of BD were in the TCM group, while those who never visited TCM were in the non-TCM group (n = 1053). Compared to the non-TCM group, patients in the TCM group had younger average age, a higher percentage of female individuals, more comorbidities of anxiety and alcohol use disorders, and higher mood stabilizer usage rates. The TCM group exhibited pain-related indications, including joint pain, myalgia, myositis, headache, and sleep disturbances. Corydalis yanhusuo and Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang were the most useful single herbs and herbal formulae. Conclusions: Physicians need to be aware of the use of TCM in patients with BD.
Maintenance process modeling and dynamic estimations based on Bayesian networks and association rules

Managing the maintenance process and estimating accurately the effort and duration required for a new release is considered to be a crucial task as it affects successful software project survival and progress over time. In this study, we propose the combination of two well‐known machine learning (ML) techniques, Bayesian networks (BNs), and association rules (ARs) for modeling the maintenance process by identifying the relationships among the internal and external quality metrics related to a particular project release to both the maintainability of the project and the maintenance process indicators (ie, effort and duration). We also exploit Bayesian inference, to test the effect of certain changes in internal and external project factors to the maintainability of a project. We evaluate our approach through a case study on 957 releases of five open source JavaScript applications. The results show that the maintainability of a release, the changes observed between subsequent releases, and the time required between two releases can be accurately predicted from size, complexity, and activity metrics. The proposed combined approach achieves higher accuracy when evaluated against the BN model accuracy.
Effects of Siegesbeckia herba extract against particulate matter 10 (PM10) in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models

Abstract Objectives Skin barrier disruption is a significant problem of the older population in an aging society. It is characterized by increased transepidermal water loss and decreased skin water content, and particulate matter (PM) is a social issue that can contribute to the exacerbation of skin inflammation. Thus, addressing this problem is urgent. Methods Skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models were induced by two methods using acetone application or tape‐stripping. This study investigated the antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties of the Siegesbeckia herba extract (SHE) on PM‐induced changes in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models. To examine changes in skin water content, inflammatory cytokines, and keratinocyte differentiation markers, mouse models were treated with vehicle 100 μL, PM10 100 μL (100 μg/mL), SHE 100 μL, or PM10 100 μL (100 μg/mL) plus SHE 100 μL. Results SHE preserved skin hydration in the skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models regardless of the presence of PM10. SHE also inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor‐α and normalized the downregulation of keratinocyte differentiation markers against PM10 in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models. Conclusions This study elucidated the therapeutic effects of SHE against PM10 in skin barrier‐disrupted mouse models.
Local environments, not invasive hybridization, influence cardiac performance of native trout under acute thermal stress

Abstract Climate‐induced expansion of invasive hybridization (breeding between invasive and native species) poses a significant threat to the persistence of many native species worldwide. In the northern U.S. Rocky Mountains, hybridization between native cutthroat trout and non‐native rainbow trout has increased in recent decades due, in part, to climate‐driven increases in water temperature. It has been postulated that invasive hybridization may enhance physiological tolerance to climate‐induced thermal stress because laboratory studies indicate that rainbow trout have a higher thermal tolerance than cutthroat trout. Here, we assessed whether invasive hybridization improves cardiac performance response to acute water temperature stress of native wild trout populations. We collected trout from four streams with a wide range of non‐native admixture among individuals and with different temperature and streamflow regimes in the upper Flathead River drainage, USA. We measured individual cardiac performance (maximum heart rate, “MaxHR”, and temperature at arrhythmia, “ArrTemp”) during laboratory trials with increasing water temperatures (10–28°C). Across the study populations, we observed substantial variation in cardiac performance of individual trout when exposed to thermal stress. Notably, we found significant differences in the cardiac response to thermal regimes among native cutthroat trout populations, suggesting the importance of genotype‐by‐environment interactions in shaping the physiological performance of native cutthroat trout. However, rainbow trout admixture had no significant effect on cardiac performance (MaxHR and ArrTemp) within any of the three populations. Our results indicate that invasive hybridization with a warmer‐adapted species does not enhance the cardiac performance of native trout under warming conditions. Maintaining numerous populations across thermally and hydrologically diverse stream environments will be crucial for native trout to adapt and persist in a warming climate.
Structural Design of Partitioned Stator Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Generator for Power Output Improvement

Partitioned stator doubly salient permanent magnet generators (PS-DSPGs) have been extensively used for electrical generation mainly due to their high reliability, high electromotive force (EMF), and high-power output. Therefore, we aim to improve the output power of a PS-DSPG by designing the optimal configuration of generator pole structure. Electrical characteristics including the magnetic flux linkage distribution, phase EMF, cogging torque, voltage regulation, and power output profile were characterized by using the finite element method. After optimizing the generator pole structure including the angle of air gap arc width, it was found that the proposed PS-DSPG with 18/15 (stator/rotor) pole structure with optimized air gap arc width could produce higher EMF of about 23.24% than a conventional structure because this structure has the suitable number of pole structures. Also, an analysis of voltage regulation and power output profiles under the loaded condition were carried out, and it was indicated that the PS-DSPG based on the suitable 18/15-pole structure could provide the best machine performance where the output power is 11.63% higher than the conventional structure. Hence, the proposed PS-DSPG with 18/15-pole structure can appropriately be utilized for electrical generation, especially in low-speed operated generator applications.
Impact of diapause on the cuticular hydrocarbons and physiological status of Hippodamia variegata

Abstract The spotted amber ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is known to be a potent predator of aphids, psyllids, whiteflies, mealybugs, and some butterfly species. This ladybeetle overwinters in the diapausing adult stage. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of diapause on the energy resources and cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) of the female ladybeetle, specifically comparing the changes in glycogen, lipid, and protein contents, and CHCs profile of diapausing and non-diapausing adults. In this study, gas chromatography-mass was used to analyze whole-body extracts of the beetles. Results showed no significant differences between the amount of glycogen, lipid, and protein contents of diapausing and non-diapausing ladybeetle. The CHCs profile of H. variegata consisted of 24 hydrocarbons categorized into 2 groups: linear aliphatic hydrocarbons (n-alkanes) and methyl-branched hydrocarbons (17 molecules), as well as unsaturated cyclic compounds (7 molecules). The n-alkanes, with 14 compounds, were identified as the primary constituents of the CHCs of the ladybeetle. Six molecules were common to non-diapausing and diapausing beetles, 5 were exclusive to non-diapausing beetles, and 13 were exclusive to diapausing beetles. Moreover, we noted a significant difference in the quantity and quality of CHCs between diapausing and non-diapausing beetles, with diapausing beetles synthesizing more CHCs with longer chains. This disparity in CHC profiles was concluded to be an adaptation of H. variegata to survive harsh environmental conditions during diapause.
An approach for providing industrial control system sustainability in the age of digital transformation

The specifics and challenges of securing Industrial Control Systems (ICS) in the age of Digital Transformation are proposed in the paper. Providing sustainability is considered as the main safety challenge while securing ICS systems. Secure information sharing between participants of Digital Manufacturing process and their segments is considered as the main information security challenge of a new production paradigm. Available technics and the drawbacks thereof to provide ICS security in the context of sustainability are mentioned. To meet the challenges an approach based on garlic routing principals is proposed to secure communications and provide stable manufacturing process due to providing information flaws availability and integrity in between different segments.
The rice production of the state of Morelos under the approach SIAL

En el presente articulo se analiza el caso del arroz del estado de Morelos desde el enfoque de los Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados (SIAL), que se enfoca en la interrelacion entre los territorios y la produccion y consumo de los alimentos. Se presta particular importancia a la organizacion de los actores locales para conseguir la Denominacion de Origen (DO) como una estrategia competitiva dentro de un mercado que privilegia las importaciones. Abstract In this article we analyze the case of the rice of the state of Morelos under the approach of Localized Agri-Food Systems (SIAL) that focuses on the interrelationship between the territories and the production and consumption of food. We pay close attention to the importance of local producers as the Appellation Origin (AO) within a competitive strategy in a market dominated by imported rice.
Predicting Quantum Many-Body Dynamics with Transferable Neural Networks

Advanced machine learning (ML) approaches such as transfer learning have seldom been applied to approximate quantum many-body systems. Here we demonstrate that a simple recurrent unit (SRU) based efficient and transferable sequence learning framework is capable of learning and accurately predicting the time evolution of the one-dimensional (1D) Ising model with simultaneous transverse and parallel magnetic fields, as quantitatively corroborated by relative entropy measurements between the predicted and exact state distributions. At a cost of constant computational complexity, a larger many-body state evolution is predicted in an autoregressive way from just one initial state, without any guidance or knowledge of any Hamiltonian. Our work paves the way for future applications of advanced ML methods in quantum many-body dynamics with knowledge only from a smaller system.
Effects of Waveform PMF on Anti-Spoofing Detection

In the context of detection of speaker recognition identity impersonation, we observed that the waveform probability mass function (PMF) of genuine speech differs from signiﬁcantly of of PMF from identity theft extracts. This is true for synthesized or converted speech as well as for replayed speech. In this work, we mainly ask whether this observation has a signiﬁcant impact on spooﬁng detection performance. In a second step, we want to reduce the distribution gap of waveforms between authentic speech and spooﬁng speech. We propose a genuiniza-tion of the spooﬁng speech (by analogy with Gaussianisation ), i.e. to obtain spooﬁng speech with a PMF close to the PMF of genuine speech. Our genuinization is evaluated on ASVspoof 2019 challenge datasets, using the baseline system provided by the challenge organization. In the case of constant Q cepstral coefﬁcients (CQCC) features, the genuinization leads to a degradation of the baseline system performance by a factor of 10 , which shows a potentially large impact of the distribution os waveforms on spooﬁng detection performance. However, by ‘’playing” with all conﬁgurations, we also observed different behaviors, including performance improvements in speciﬁc cases. This leads us to conclude that waveform distribution plays an important role and must be taken into account by anti-spooﬁng systems.
Kinematics and muscle activity of pectoral fins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) station-holding in turbulent flow.

Pectoral fins play a crucial role in fish locomotion. Despite fishes living in complex fluid environments that exist in rivers and tidal flows, the role of the pectoral fins in navigating turbulent flows is not well understood. This study investigated the kinematics and muscle activity of pectoral fins in rainbow trout as they held station in the unsteady flows behind a D-section cylinder. We observed two distinct pectoral fin behaviors, one during braking and the other during Kármán gaiting. These behaviors were correlated to whole-body movements in response to the hydrodynamic conditions of specific regions in the cylinder wake. Sustained fin extensions during braking, where the fin was held out to maintain its position away from the body and against the flow, were associated with the cessation of forward body velocity, where the fish avoided the suction region directly downstream of the cylinder. Transient fin extensions and retractions during Kármán gaiting controlled body movements in the cross-stream direction. These two fin behaviors had different patterns of muscle activity. All braking events required recruitment from both the abductor and adductor musculature to actively extend a pectoral fin. In contrast, over 50% of fin extension movements during Kármán gaiting proceed in the absence of muscle activity. We reveal that in unsteady fluid environments pectoral fins movements are the result of a complex combination of passive and active mechanisms that deviate substantially from canonical labriform locomotion, the implications of which await further work on the integration of sensory and motor systems.