Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Rational Weak Nilpotent Minimum Logics

In this paper we investigate extensions of Gödel and Nilpotent Minimum logics by adding rational truth-values as truth constants in the language and by adding corresponding book-keeping axioms for the truth-constants. We also investigate the rational extensions of some parametric families of Weak Nilpotent Minimum logics, weaker than both Gödel and Nilpotent Minimum logics. Weak and strong standard completeness of these logics are studied in general and in particular when we restrict ourselves to formulas of the kind r → φ, where r is a rational in [0, 1] and φ is a formula without rational truth-constants.
THE EFFECTS OF SPINAL CORD STIMULATION IN NEUROPATHIC PAIN ARE SUSTAINED: A 24‐MONTH FOLLOW‐UP OF THE PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED MULTICENTER TRIAL OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPINAL CORD STIMULATION

OBJECTIVEAfter randomizing 100 failed back surgery syndrome patients to receive spinal cord stimulation (SCS) plus conventional medical management (CMM) or CMM alone, the results of the 6-month Prospective Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial of the Effectiveness of Spinal Cord Stimulation (i.e., PROCESS) showed that SCS offered superior pain relief, health-related quality of life, and functional capacity. Because the rate of crossover favoring SCS beyond 6 months would bias a long-term randomized group comparison, we present all outcomes in patients who continued SCS from randomization to 24 months and, for illustrative purposes, the primary outcome (>50% leg pain relief) per randomization and final treatment. METHODSPatients provided data on pain, quality of life, function, pain medication use, treatment satisfaction, and employment status. Investigators documented adverse events. Data analysis included inferential comparisons and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTSThe 42 patients continuing SCS (of 52 randomized to SCS) reported significantly improved leg pain relief (P < 0.0001), quality of life (P ≤ 0.01), and functional capacity (P = 0.0002); and 13 patients (31%) required a device-related surgical revision. At 24 months, of 46 of 52 patients randomized to SCS and 41 of 48 randomized to CMM who were available, the primary outcome was achieved by 17 (37%) randomized to SCS versus 1 (2%) to CMM (P = 0.003) and by 34 (47%) of 72 patients who received SCS as final treatment versus 1 (7%) of 15 for CMM (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONAt 24 months of SCS treatment, selected failed back surgery syndrome patients reported sustained pain relief, clinically important improvements in functional capacity and health-related quality of life, and satisfaction with treatment.
Cascaded Inverters Increasing the Number of Levels and Effective Switching Frequency in Output Using Coupled Inductors

In this article, a new coupled-inductor-based modular multilevel cascaded inverter using a new phase shift control is presented. The proposed inverter can generate a high output ac voltage using standard low-voltage-rating devices. The number of levels in the output pulsewidth modulation (PWM) voltage and the effective switching frequency of the output filter are increased using coupled inductors and phase shift control. The switching signals of the cascaded units in the proposed inverter are phase-shifted by <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\mathbf {360}}{\mathbf {^{\circ }}}{/4n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of cascaded units. The proposed phase shift control results in (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4{n}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> + 1) levels in the output PWM voltage of the proposed inverter and increases the effective switching frequency of the output filter by 4n times the actual switching frequency <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{\mathbf {sw}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. As a result, the output waveforms can be generated with better quality and less distortion. In addition, the output filter can be decreased dramatically in size. Besides, fewer coupled inductors are used to reduce the footprints, the number of inductors, and magnetic volume. Moreover, the proposed inverter is exceptionally reliable due to no short-circuit risk in the circuit.
Safe and effective application of anti-TNF-α in a patient infected with HIV and concomitant Crohn’s disease

Mortality as a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has declined significantly due to application of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). 1 However, an effect of this therapy is its promotion of immune reconstitution, which leaves patients more vulnerable to developing immune related illnesses, such as Crohn’s disease (CD). 2,3 CD causes an increase in tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) that seems to play a fundamental role in the condition. Thus anti-TNF-α therapies represent a step forward in the management of CD.4 Elevated TNF-α levels are also observed during all stages of HIV, and consequently the use of anti-TNF-α agents has been also suggested for HIV patients.5 To date, three controlled trials of anti-TNF-α based therapies6–8 in HIV patients have been reported. Each study registered a …
Spatial clustering for inhomogeneous populations

A new method for detecting spatial clustering of events in populations with non-uniform density is proposed. The method is based on selecting controls from the population at risk and computing interpoint distances for the combined sample. Nonparametric tests are developed which are based on the number of cases among the k nearest neighbours of each case and the number of cases nearer than the k nearest control. The performance of these tests is evaluated analytically and by simulation and the method is applied to a data set on the locations of cases of childhood leukaemia and lymphoma in a defined geographical area.
Retinal Vascular Study Using OCTA in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

In 103 subjects with a high genetic risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), family history (FH) of AD and ApoE ɛ4 characterization (ApoE ɛ4) were analyzed for changes in the retinal vascular network by OCTA (optical coherence tomography angiography), and AngioTool and Erlangen-Angio-Tool (EA-Tool) as imaging analysis software. Retinal vascularization was analyzed by measuring hypercholesterolemia (HCL) and high blood pressure (HBP). Angio-Tool showed a statistically significant higher percentage of area occupied by vessels in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4- group vs. in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group, and EA-Tool showed statistically significant higher vascular densities in the C3 ring in the FH+ ApoE ɛ4+ group when compared with: i)FH- ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H3, H4, H10 and H11; and ii) FH+ ApoE ɛ4- in sectors H4 and H12. In participants with HCL and HBP, statistically significant changes were found, in particular using EA-Tool, both in the macular area, mainly in the deep plexus, and in the peripapillary area. In conclusion, OCTA in subjects with genetic risk factors for the development of AD showed an apparent increase in vascular density in some sectors of the retina, which was one of the first vascular changes detectable. These changes constitute a promising biomarker for monitoring the progression of pathological neuronal degeneration.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH LAGOS STATE PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW: A SURVEY IN THE SELECTED MINISTRIES AND AGENCY

: The study investigated the extent of compliance with the Lagos state public procurement law in the study area. These were with a view to assessing the extent to which the implementation of public procurement policy has enhanced openness and efficiency among the Ministries, Departments, and Agencies in Lagos State. The study utilized primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data were collected through administration of questionnaire and conduct of in-depth interview. The study population of 1,398 comprised the staff and stakeholders from agency, ministries, construction companies, and civil societies. The distribution was as follows: Lagos State Public Procurement Agency (100) ministries of Works and Infrastructure (240); Justice (481); Finance (89); and Housing (110). In addition, Hitech Construction Company (70); Craneburg Construction Company (69); Planets Projects (64); and Messers (FIDC) 58. Furthermore, BudgIT (31); Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Projects (32); Ymonitor (29); and Coalition Against Corrupt Leaders (25). The study adopted a proportionate random sampling technique of 15%. In the long run, sample of 210 respondents were selected for purpose of questionnaire administration. Also, two senior procurement officers in the Ministries of Works and Infrastructure, and Housing, with one senior officer of Lagos State Public Procurement Agency were chosen for in-depth interview. Data collected were analysed using percentage, mean, regression, and content analysis. The study revealed that the implementation of public procurement law enhanced compliance among the procuring entities in the area of professionalism (68.3%), competitiveness (59%), and adjudicatory mechanism (59.9%). The results also showed a statistically significant relationship in the extent of compliance with the public procurement law variant (openness and efficiency) and the selected procuring entities with the result of P-value 0.000, and the chosen α-value of 5%, 0.000<0.05 respectively. The regression indicated multi linear relationship among the procuring entities and variables of probity, openness, efficiency, N=2.413-0.044P+0.173R+0.212E. The study concluded that there was low compliance with the Public Procurement Law in the Implementation of Public Procurement Policy in Lagos State.
uTrack: track yourself! monitoring information on online social media

The past one decade has witnessed an astounding outburst in the number of online social media (OSM) services, and a lot of these services have enthralled millions of users across the globe. With such tremendous number of users, the amount of content being generated and shared on OSM services is also enormous. As a result, trying to visualize all this overwhelming amount of content, and gain useful insights from it has become a challenge. In this work, we present uTrack, a personalized web service to analyze and visualize the diffusion of content shared by users across multiple OSM platforms. To the best of our knowledge, there exists no work which concentrates on monitoring information diffusion for personal accounts. Currently, uTrack monitors and supports logging in from Facebook, Twitter, and Google+. Once granted permissions by the user, uTrack monitors all URLs (like videos, photos, news articles) the user has shared in all OSM services supported, and generates useful visualizations and statistics from the collected data.
Brick-and-mortar or brick-and-click? The influence of online customer reviews on a retailer’s channel strategy

Abstract Adding an online channel generates more information about consumers’ preferences for particular products (e.g., through online customer reviews), and this information can be used to forecast demand more precisely. In this article, we investigate the influence of online customer reviews on a retailer’s decision to add to its physical store channel an online channel with a supply chain consisting of that of a brick-and-mortar retailer and a third-party logistics provider. We find the retailer’s optimal channel strategy (store only or online plus store) will be jointly affected by the additional cost of establishing an online channel, the increase in market size that is attained by adding the online channel, as well as the additional value of information revealed by online customer reviews. Interestingly, under both differentiated and uniform pricing strategies, when the fixed cost is moderate, the retailer benefits from adding an online channel if the additional value of information and the increase in market size exceed some thresholds; otherwise, doing so cannot increase the retailer’s profit. However, when online customer reviews exert two effects on updating demand uncertainty, negative (positive) customer reviews will reduce (increase) the value of information, and the retailer will be inhibited from adding (induced to add) an online channel. Moreover, a larger degree of risk aversion on the part of the retailer will inhibit the retailer from adding an online channel.
Band gap gratings using quantum well intermixing for quasi-phase-matching

In this work, the spatial resolution of two quantum well intermixing processes has been obtained using spatially resolved photoluminescence. The processes investigated are impurity-free vacancy disordering using SiO2∕SiO2:P caps and sputtered silica induced intermixing. These studies aimed to choose a suitable intermixing technology to realize the band gap gratings for domain disordering quasi-phase-matching in GaAs∕AlGaAs heterostructures. From the photoluminescence studies it was established that the process of impurity-free vacancy disordering using SiO2∕SiO2:P caps has a spatial resolution on the order of 7μm, while the process of sputtered silica induced intermixing has a spatial resolution on the order of 3μm. From these measurements it was demonstrated that the sputtered silica induced intermixing process is more suitable for the fabrication of the gratings needed for quasi-phase-matching in the samples studied here. Successful quasi-phase-matching demonstrated through second harmonic generation at.
Serie de Chebyshev para un operador Schrodinger 1-D ergodico

An ironing board having a table with a top surface to carry out ironing functions and opposing first and second sides bisected by a longitudinal axis and a frame extending form the table for supporting the table above a support surface is provided. The frame extends from the table between the first side and longitudinal axis and defines an open area beneath the table that is sized to receive a person seated in a chair to permit the person to carry out ironing functions on the top surface while sitting. The ironing board also includes a drying rack having a plurality of rungs slidably disposed on the table. A laundry sorter is suspended from the table and includes a receptacle with a plurality of dividers dividing the receptacle into a plurality of compartments.
Anxiolytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Three Species of Indonesian Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber aromaticum, and Zingiber americans)

BACKGROUND: Lempuyang, or widely known as wild ginger, has been used in Indonesia as traditional medicine for a long time. However, scientific research supporting its medicinal use is still very limited. AIM: This research was conducted to investigate the anxiolytic activity of three species of Indonesian Lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet, Zingiber aromaticum, and Zingiber americans). METHODS: Sixty-six male Swiss Webster mice were divided into 11 groups (negative control, positive control, and experiment groups consisting of low, moderate, and high dose of Z. zerumbet, Z. aromaticum, and Z. americans extract, respectively). Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by three methods: elevated plus maze test, open field test, and hole board test. RESULTS: The results showed that these three species of Indonesian Lempuyang lowered the anxiety response in elevated plus maze test, open field test, and hole board test compared to negative control (p < 0.05). The best anxiolytic activity was achieved by moderate dose of Z. americans (8.5 mg/20 gbb), consistently through three methods applied. CONCLUSION: This research supports the potential use of the ethanolic extract of Lempuyang (Z. zerumbet, Z. aromaticum, and Z. americans) as a complementary therapy for anxiety.
Sedge replacement by grasses accelerates litter decomposition and decreases organic matter formation in alpine meadow soils

The dominance of sedges in Tibetan meadows is decreasing with the increasing abundance of grasses, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, nitrogen deposition, and climate warming. We investigated the effects of this vegetation shift on litter decomposition (in the field), mineralization to CO2, and litter carbon (C) incorporation into microorganisms (under laboratory conditions) under sedges and grasses at community and species levels. Litter C incorporation into soil organic carbon (SOC) was estimated using 13C labelling of the vegetation community. After one year of field incubation, a smaller proportion of shoot litter C was lost in sedges than in grasses at the species level and smaller proportions of root C were lost under sedges at community and species levels. Roots decomposed markedly slower than shoots across communities or species under sedges and grasses. Smaller proportions of the shoot and root C from sedges were incorporated into SOC than from grasses, and root C was less incorporated into the SOC than shoot C across communities. Over the 38‐day laboratory incubation, total microbial respiration and assimilation of litter C changed similarly to the C loss between litter types under the field condition. Across community and species levels, litter C loss in the field and incorporation of litter C into microorganisms under laboratory conditions all increased with initial phosphorus content in the litter and decreased with lignin content. Considering greater allocation of photosynthates belowground by sedges than grasses, we demonstrated that the ongoing replacement of sedges by grasses in the vast Tibetan alpine meadows is unfavorable for the maintenance of SOC storage.
Efficacy and Safety of Ultra-Rapid Lispro Versus Lispro in Patients with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: Indian Subpopulation Analyses of the PRONTO-T1D and PRONTO-T2D Trials

186 Sir, Although advances have been made in the treatment of both type 1 and 2 diabetes, many patients still do not achieve sufficient glycaemic control. [1] The reasons behind this are multifactorial, but post‐prandial hyperglycaemia is likely an important contributing factor. [1‐4] Insulin formulations with a more rapid onset of action, along with appropriate timing of insulin use and post‐prandial glucose (PPG) monitoring,[2,4] may offer potential options to improve PPG levels. A novel formulation of insulin lispro, ultra‐rapid lispro (URLi), was studied in two randomized, double‐blind, multicentre, international phase 3 trials: PRONTO‐T1D, in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and PRONTO‐T2D, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). [5,6] URLi was shown to be superior to insulin lispro for 1‐ and 2‐h PPG control during mixed‐meal tolerance tests when dosed at mealtime, despite similar haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and hypoglycaemic events after 26 weeks of treatment using a multiple daily injection regimen in combination with basal insulin.
DNA methylation in pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction Pulmonary fibrosis is an age-related, progressive, and fatal disease with a median survival of 3–5 years after diagnosis; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common type. It is characterized by fibroblast proliferation and accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix. Patients with IPF are at increased risk for lung cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in lung fibrosis and cancer, and DNA methylation is critical in disease pathogenesis and progression. Therefore, studies of DNA methylation contribute to better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these two respiratory diseases, and can offer novel diagnostic and treatment options. Areas covered This review discusses the latest advances in our understanding of epigenetic factors related to DNA methylation that impact development of lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, discusses the role of DNA methylation in promoting or inhibiting these diseases, and proposes its potential clinical significance in disease diagnosis and treatment. Expert opinion DNA methylation plays a critical role in lung cancer and fibrosis pathogenesis. DNA methylation offers a new biomarker for disease diagnosis or monitoring, and provides a new therapeutic target for treatment.
Multiscale effects of wind‐induced hydrodynamics on lake plankton distribution

In this study, we used a combination of high‐intensity sampling technologies, and a 3D hydrodynamic model of a medium‐sized lake in southern Ontario, Canada to investigate physical–biological relationships at spatial scales from 100 m to 6 km and temporal scales from hours to months. At the scale of the whole study basin, we predicted that stronger winds would lead to higher zooplankton biomass downwind relative to upwind. The hydrodynamic model suggests rapid downwind displacement of progressively deeper surface mixed layers with increasing winds, and we found a statistically higher downwind biomass of small‐bodied zooplankton on windy days, but not large zooplankton. At a fine spatial scale (hundreds of meters), we predicted that zooplankton patchiness would decrease with increasing wind mixing of the upper water column and confirmed this for small‐bodied but not large‐bodied zooplankton. At this fine‐scale cross‐correlations of zooplankton biomass with water temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence suggested that zooplankton are not simply moved passively by water masses. We also found a clear change in the cross‐correlation between large‐ and small‐bodied zooplankton biomass, with out‐of‐phase spatial distributions during calm periods becoming in‐phase with increasing winds. Overall these results indicate that the response of zooplankton to wind‐driven physical forces is strongly dependent on an interaction between their body size, which determines their swimming speed and capacity to position themselves vertically in the water column, and the spatial scale and intensity of the wind‐generated physical forces. We discuss the implications for food web interactions.
Regulating the Safety of Health-Related Artificial Intelligence

This article analyzes whether Canada's present approach to regulating health-related artificial intelligence (AI) can address relevant safety-related challenges. Focusing primarily on Health Canada's regulation of medical devices with AI, it examines whether the existing regulatory approach can adequately address general safety concerns, as well as those related to algorithmic bias and challenges posed by the intersections of these concerns with privacy and security interests. It identifies several issues and proposes reforms that aim to ensure that Canadians can access beneficial AI while keeping unsafe products off Canadian markets and motivating safe, effective use of AI products for appropriate purposes and populations.
Automatic extraction of mechanical interlocking features from CAD model

This paper represents, classifies, and automatic extracts the mechanical interlocking features (MIFs) from the CAD model. Mechanical interlocking features (MIFs) are geometric features of two or more components when physically interlock that prevent the relative movement in any or certain directions. A set of contact faces in proximity and their characteristic arrangement are used to represent the MIFs. This characteristics arrangement of contact faces and their topological relationships help in classification of MIFs. It is very difficult to manually extract the large number of MIFs from CAD models. It is therefore desirable to develop a set of algorithms to extract the MIFs from CAD model. CAD assembly models from industrial domain has been used in order to validate the proposed approach.