Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Photoconductive Detector Based on Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Silver Nanoparticles by Adding Conductive Polymer

In this work, wide band range photo detector operating in UV, Visible and IR was fabricated using carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Silicon was used as a substrate to deposited CNTs/Ag NPs by the drop casting technique. Polyamide nylon polymer was used to coat CNTs/Ag NPs to enhance the photo-response of the detector. The electro-exploding wire technology was used to synthesize Ag NPs. Good dispersion of silver NPs achieved by a simple chemistry process on the surface of CNTs. The optical, structure and electrical characteristic of CNTs decorated with Ag NPs were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns of Ag NPs exhibited 2θ values (38.1°,44.3°) corresponding to the Ag nanocrystal, while the XRD pattern of MWCNTs and SWCNTs /Ag NPs peaks appeared at 2θ = 26.2° corresponding to the (002) and at 2theta=44° which corresponds with miller indices (100) for CNTs and (200) for Ag NPs. The optical properties measured by UV-Vis. Spectroscopy. Broad and strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak was detected at 420 nm, for Ag NPs. The absorption of CNTs/Ag NPs increased significantly from UV to near IR region (300-1000 nm). Ag NPs decorated CNTs without any impurities, according to field mission scanning electron microscopy examination, with typical particle sizes of (50-80nm) for Ag-NPs, 44nm for MWCNTs/Ag-NPs, and 30nm for SWCNTs/Ag NPs. ֹThe I-V characteristics at forward bias voltage (0.5-10) volt were studied. The figure of merits (responsivity, photocurrent gain, NEP and detectivity) after coating with polymer of the detector were measured in the dark and after illumination with UV LED (365 nm), Tungsten lamp (500-800 nm) and Laser diode (808 nm).
Overview of EXIST 2022: sEXism Identification in Social neTworks

: The paper describes the organization, goals, and results of the sEXism Identification in Social neTworks (EXIST)2022 challenge, a shared task proposed for the second year at IberLEF. EXIST 2022 consists of two challenges: sexism identification and sexism categorization of tweets and gabs, both in Spanish and English. We have received a total of 45 runs for the sexism identification task and 29 runs for the sexism categorization task, submitted by 19 different teams. In this paper
Filling Tricompartmental Ligands with GdIII and ZnII Ions: Some Structural and MRI Studies

Here we report the synthesis and characterization of a mononuclear gadolinium complex (Gd) and two heteronuclear Zn-Gd complexes (ZnGd and Zn2Gd), which contain two similar three-armed ligands that display an external compartment suitable for lanthanoid ions, and two internal compartments adequate for zinc (II) ions [H3L′ = (2-(3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl phenyl)-1,3-bis[4 -(3-formyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-azabut-3-enyl]-1,3-imidazolidine; H3L = 2-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-bis[4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-azabut-3-enyl]-1,3-imidazolidine]. The synthetic methods used were varied, but the use of a metalloligand, [Zn2(L)AcO], as starting material was the key factor to obtain the heterotrinuclear complex Zn2Gd. The structure of the precursor dinuclear zinc complex is mostly preserved in this complex, since it is based on a compact [Zn2Ln(L)(OH)(H2O)]3+ residue, with a µ3-OH bridge between the three metal centers, which are almost forming an isosceles triangle. The asymmetric spatial arrangement of other ancillary ligands leads to chirality, what contrasts with the totally symmetric mononuclear gadolinium complex Gd. These features were confirmed by the crystal structures of both complexes. Despite the presence of the bulky compartmental Schiff base ligand, the chiral heterotrinuclear complex forms an intricate network which is predominately expanded in two dimensions, through varied H-bonds that connect not only the ancillary ligands, but also the nitrate counterions and some solvated molecules. In addition, some preliminary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been made to determine the relaxivities of the three gadolinium complexes, with apparently improved T1 and T2 relaxivities with increasing zinc nuclearity, since both transversal and longitudinal relaxivities appear to enhance in the sequence Gd < ZnGd < Zn2Gd.
DEMONS: Extended Manufacturer Usage Description to Restrain Malicious Smartphone Apps

The growing popularity of the consumer IoT intensifies the risks for security and privacy breaches. It typically suffices to successfully attack a single IoT device to access the home network illicitly. This observation emphasizes the need for in-network security, complementing each device’s security mechanisms with additional network-layer protection. Recently, the IETF proposed Manufacturer Usage Description (MUD) to limit network traffic of IoT devices to their required minimum. However, the tangled communication of IoT devices, e.g., connections to smartphones and smart speakers, is not covered by MUD. We propose Distributed Enforcement of MUD on Smartphones (DEMONS), extending central enforcement of MUD with distributed enforcement at authenticated smartphones to mitigate the threats of malicious apps and IoT devices by filtering malicious traffic close to its origin and preventing further spread. We discuss the security gains and demonstrate that the introduced overhead regarding latency, bandwidth, and power consumption has a negligible performance impact.
Some New Tests of Conformity with Benford’s Law

This paper presents new perspectives and methodological instruments for verifying the validity of Benford’s law for a large given dataset. To this aim, we first propose new general tests for checking the statistical conformity of a given dataset with a generic target distribution; we also provide the explicit representation of the asymptotic distributions of the relevant test statistics. Then, we discuss the applicability of such novel devices to the case of Benford’s law. We implement extensive Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the size and the power of the introduced tests. Finally, we discuss the challenging theme of interpreting, in a statistically reliable way, the conformity between two distributions in the presence of a large number of observations.
The Role of Motivations in the Segmentation of Ecotourism Destinations: A Study from Costa Rica

In recent years, the interests and motivations of tourists for nature and leisure have increased. The objectives of this study include following: (i) identifying the underlying variables or motivational dimensions in ecotourism; and (ii) analyzing the demand segmentation in ecotourism. This empirical study was conducted in The Arenal National Park and The Caño Negro National Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica, a country with ecological importance for ecotourism. The sample consisted of 310 surveys obtained in situ. For data analysis, factor analysis and a non-hierarchical K-means segmentation were performed. In the study, seven motivational dimensions in ecotourism were obtained, such as “Self-development”, “Interpersonal relationships and ego-defensive function”, “Nature”, “Building personal relationships”, “Rewards” and “Escape”. Moreover, the characteristics of the different segments are established according to their motivations; thus, there are three segments of ecotourists: “Reward and escape”, “Multiple motives” and “Nature”. The findings of this research provide management guides to public institutions and information for companies for developing products according to demand.
Evaluation without monitoring: old methods, new approaches

ABSTRACT The evaluation sector has been struggling with systems that claim to be monitoring and evaluation, but in fact stop with the monitoring. However, equally problematic, yet much less discussed, is the phenomenon of evaluation without monitoring. This article considers three different contexts that may require evaluators to evaluate a programme with little foundational monitoring data. It explores some of the underlying causes of this and suggests certain methods and approaches that are useful for evaluators to draw on in these situations.
Activity time budgets of ecologically relaxed groups of geladas (Theropithecus gelada) and mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx): what happens when time is no longer a constraint?

Primates spend their daytime engaged in four non-overlapping, time-consuming, biologically relevant activities, namely, feeding, moving, resting, and socializing. The present study addressed two issues relevant to socio-ecological theory and life-history theory: how do individuals re-schedule the time allocated to these activity categories when they live in ecologically relaxed settings, where they are food-provisioned, live under benign weather conditions, and are predator-free? How do individuals trade the different activity categories against each other in a relatively time constraint-free setting? We predicted that feeding and moving times should decrease and resting and socializing times should increase. We also explored the relation of feeding time to resting time and social time to see which activity category is more dispensable when feeding time increases. Here we analyzed the activity time budgets of a group of geladas, Theropithecus gelada, and a group of mandrills, Mandrillus sphinx, housed in captivity in similarly vegetated and large-sized enclosures, and exposed to identical temperate-zone climate conditions, and compared them to time budget data available for wild groups of geladas and baboons. We found that they displayed activity budgets that largely matched those reported for wild groups of geladas and baboons, except moving time that decreased, but in geladas solely. We also found a tighter negative relation of feeding to resting time than to social time. These findings indicate that freeing individuals in a captive setting from the time constraints and pressing demands faced by their wild counterparts does not necessarily cause a significant re-scheduling of their activity time budgets. They also support the “social glue” hypothesis, as an increase of feeding time is associated with a significant decrease in resting, not social, time. The notion of a captivity-typical versus wild-typical profile of activity time budgets appears unsupported given the remarkable overlapping of time budget scores across settings and the huge inter-populational, intergroup, and intragroup variation reported.
Diseño crítico desde una realidad superpuesta

El paradigma del diseño actual ha expandido los límites de la profesión, buscando cada vez más afrontar problemas abiertos, complejos e interconectados. Proponemos observar el diseño de objetos desde una nueva realidad en donde lo virtual y lo material se superponen. Exploramos las transformaciones de los objetos desde su composición material, para repensar las posibilidades de un diseño crítico, y su potencial socio-político desde una mirada emocional y colectiva. Presentamos una serie de casos en torno a la deconstrucción física de los objetos, y su recomposición en una dimensión virtual. Un espacio en donde los límites de lo tangible se desdibuja y la materia se funde y transfigura.
Challenges facing higher education institutions in Chile in training learners in entrepreneurship and the future of work. Chile a Case Study

This research article aims to tackle the many challenges that the academic communities all over the country should face and resolved with reference to several items such as the introduction into new methodologies. The strategies to overcome our weakness and the facilities which should be made available to become highly competitive and therefore to contribute to our nation and citizens. The main ideas discussed in this article are the result of several decades of doing both research and lecturing for both undergraduate and the postgraduate levels. For a rather long period of time, we have been through a critical state and in a short period of time, senior professors and the whole academic staff have been working online and several crucial activities have shown a growing state of deterioration. Some experimental activities have been declared non-essential due to this biological crisis and therefore, these duties will have to be redefined soon. In agreement with the above reflections, we may anticipate the need for a new strategy and methodology to fulfil the requirements to achieve the knowledge and experience needed to become a highly qualify professional and /or a member of the academic community in all the levels of the undergraduate and postgraduate studies. In the first place, we must be aware of our weakness and strengths. Once the problems have been defined clearly, the next step of our article will be based upon the evidence at our disposal. Chile as a country, for a rather long time, has based its economy on exporting minerals (metallic and non-metallic) and non-renewable resources. The above-mentioned strategy adopted by the country for many decades, has proved to be the wrong approach when compare with the status of developed countries in the United States of America, Europe, and Asia. We must, then proceed to a complete change of paradigm. We have formidable challenges in front of us and it is our main duty to deal with this rather complex scenario. As a result, we need to include in this research article some additional items such the direction of new studies, some implications, and contributions to illustrate the readers with a more precise and comprehensive approach. In our view, we must move from the stage of diagnosis to that of the action to reach a reasonable position in the world economy. Without any doubt a highly qualified and well recognized of education is a key factor in our approach. Finally, but not at last, we discuss the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship for our students and professionals.
Estimación del estado de carga y coeficientes de difusión en baterías de flujo redox

En este artículo se presenta el diseño de un observador de estado y parámetros para la estimación del estado de carga y algunos de los parámetros de difusión de una batería de flujo redox. El observador es de alta ganancia y se basa en un modelo din´amico no lineal, que utiliza un enfoque realista diferenciando entre las concentraciones totales de electrolito en las dos partes del sistema. Se muestra que el estado de carga se puede estimar mediante la medición del voltaje de celda y un observador de alta ganancia. No obstante, la precisión de la estimaci´on se ve afectada por la incertidumbre en los coeficientes de difusión del sistema. Por esta razón, el observador se robustece mediante una estimación de parámetros adaptativos de inmersión e invariancia. Finalmente, los resultados se validan en una simulación numérica.
High school dropouts

Many school administrators in the Department of Education faced a big problem in the form of student dropouts. The aim of the study was to look at the demographic data and reasons for student dropouts in the school year 2018–2019, as well as establish an intervention program to help students avoid dropping out. The mixed method design was used in this action study. The research study used a purposive sampling method, with students who dropped out during the 2018-2019 school year as participants. In addition, random sampling was used to select focus-group discussions (FGD) in order to obtain in-depth information on the subject of this research. For this study, simple statistics such as ranking and percentage were used as statistical tools. The majority of dropouts cited personal reasons for leaving school, especially a lack of interest due to poverty, while others were affected by peers. The results were used to improve the guidance program at the school in order to keep students from dropping out. Teachers, particularly those with advisory classes, were given training on how poverty can lead to students dropping out.
Generating Network Intrusion Detection Dataset Based on Real and Encrypted Synthetic Attack Traffic

The lack of publicly available up-to-date datasets contributes to the difficulty in evaluating intrusion detection systems. This paper introduces HIKARI-2021, a dataset that contains encrypted synthetic attacks and benign traffic. This dataset conforms to two requirements: the content requirements, which focus on the produced dataset, and the process requirements, which focus on how the dataset is built. We compile these requirements to enable future dataset developments and we make the HIKARI-2021 dataset, along with the procedures to build it, available for the public.
Regulation of Eukaryote Metabolism: An Abstract Model Explaining the Warburg/Crabtree Effect

Adaptation of metabolism is a response of many eukaryotic cells to nutrient heterogeneity in the cell microenvironment. One of these adaptations is the shift from respiratory to fermentative metabolism, also called the Warburg/Crabtree effect. It is a response to a very high nutrient increase in the cell microenvironment, even in the presence of oxygen. Understanding whether this metabolic transition can result from basic regulation signals between components of the central carbon metabolism are the the core question of this work. We use an extension of the René Thomas modeling framework for representing the regulations between the main catabolic and anabolic pathways of eukaryotic cells, and formal methods for confronting models with known biological properties in different microenvironments. The formal model of the regulation of eukaryote metabolism defined and validated here reveals the conditions under which this metabolic phenotype switch occurs. It clearly proves that currently known regulating signals within the main components of central carbon metabolism can be sufficient to bring out the Warburg/Crabtree effect. Moreover, this model offers a general perspective of the regulation of the central carbon metabolism that can be used to study other biological questions.
Laser Technology for the Formation of Bioelectronic Nanocomposites Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Proteins with Different Structures, Electrical Conductivity and Biocompatibility

A laser technology for creating nanocomposites from alternating layers of albumin/collagen proteins with two types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 wt. % was proposed. For this purpose, a setup with a diode laser (810 nm) and feedback system for controlling the temperature of the area affected by the radiation was developed. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine a decrease in the defectiveness of SWCNT with an increase in their concentration in the nanocomposite due to the formation of branched 3D networks with covalent bonds between nanotubes. It was revealed that adhesion of proteins to branched 3D networks from SWCNT occurred. The specific electrical conductivity of nanocomposites based on large SWCNT nanotubes was 3.2 and 4.3 S/m compared to that for nanocomposites based on small SWCNT with the same concentrations—1.1 and 1.8 S/m. An increase in the concentration and size of nanotubes provides higher porosity of nanocomposites. For small SWCNT-based nanocomposites, a significant number of mesopores up to 50 nm in size and the largest specific surface area and specific pore volume were found. Nanocomposites with small SWCNT (0.001 wt.%) provided the best cardiac fibroblast viability. Such technology can be potentially used to create bioelectronic components or scaffolds for heart tissue engineering.
Speech Enhancement with Topology-Enhanced Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Speech enhancement is one of the effective approaches in improving speech quality. Neural network models have been widely used in speech enhancement, such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTMs), and generative adversarial networks (GANs). However, some of them either handle the speech noise removal tasks in the spectral domain or lack the waveform recovery capability. As a result, the enhanced speeches still include noisy signals. In this study, we propose a topology-enhanced GAN model to tackle noisy speeches in an end-to-end structure. We use the topology features of speech waves as additional constraints and modify the objective function of the GAN by adding a penalty term. The penalty term is a Wasserstein distance of topology features measuring the difference between the generated speech and the corresponding clean speech. We evaluate the proposed speech-enhanced model on the public speech data set with 56 speakers and 20 different types of noisy conditions. The experimental results indicate that the topology features improve the performance of GANs on speech enhancement in metrics of PESQ, CBAK, COVL, and SSNR.
Robustness with respect to class imbalance in artificial intelligence classification algorithms

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, such as deep learning and XGboost, are used in numerous applications including autonomous driving, manufacturing process optimization and medical diagnostics. The robustness of AI algorithms is of great interest as inaccurate prediction could result in safety concerns and limit the adoption of AI systems. In this paper, we propose a framework based on design of experiments to systematically investigate the robustness of AI classification algorithms. A robust classification algorithm is expected to have high accuracy and low variability under different application scenarios. The robustness can be affected by a wide range of factors such as the imbalance of class labels in the training dataset, the chosen prediction algorithm, the chosen dataset of the application, and a change of distribution in the training and test datasets. To investigate the robustness of AI classification algorithms, we conduct a comprehensive set of mixture experiments to collect prediction performance results. Then statistical analyses are conducted to understand how various factors affect the robustness of AI classification algorithms. We summarize our findings and provide suggestions to practitioners in AI applications.
An Improved Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm for Liquid flow Control System

: Liquid flow in a process industry is one of the significant factors which should be controlled to get the better quality and decrease the expense of generation. Customary methodology includes manual tuning of the input process parameter to obtain the required flow rate is tedious and exorbitant. Notwithstanding, estimation of a precise computational model for fluid stream control procedure can fill in as elective methodology. It is only a non-straight enhancement issue. As a contextual investigation, the WFT - 20-I measure control arrangement for flow rate measurement and Control issue is thought of. In this work we proposes a hybrid improved particle swarm optimization (PSO-GWO) used to start the people's position, which can build the decent variety of the wolf pack, balance the global and neighborhood search capacity of the calculation and improve the intermingling pace of the calculation contrast with the Gray wolf enhancement (GWO) and Particle swarm advancement (PSO). Non linear models are improved utilizing those recently proposed streamlining strategies. Additionally all the utilized optimization techniques can anticipate the fluid stream rate with good exactness. The outcomes were investigated by utilizing the root mean square error (RMSE), exactness, and the different measures to evaluate the level of identification performance of the liquid flow contextual analysis model. The trustworthiness of the present models was compared with the past model for similar subsystems utilizing competitive intelligent methodologies. The measurable examination of the acquired outcomes produced the proposed HPSOGWO has most elevated generally speaking proficiency (i.e.99.96%) and it beat the others strategies for the majority of the instances of demonstrating for fluid stream control process. The outcomes of the present model show that the proposed approach gives prevalent demonstrating execution and outflanks its rivals.