Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconhecimento de Caracteres Baseado em Regras de Transições entre Pixels Vizinhos

This chapter deals with the recognition of printed and handwritten characters, and presents an algorithm based exclusively on the analysis of the behavior of transitions between neighboring pixels in the images of the characters. From this analysis, rules are defined to determine in which class each character should be placed, corresponding to a supervised classification scheme. The low complexity of this algorithm has made its use possible in applications where the recognition time is quite critical, such as real-time recognition systems used in computer vision systems for robots and autonomous vehicles.
Machine Learning Empowered Efficient Intrusion Detection Framework

In modern era security is becoming major and basic need of any system. Protecting of a system from unauthorized access is very important for a network system. Network security is turning out to be an influential subject in information technology territory. Hackers and squatters commit uncountable successful attempts to intrude into networks. Intrusion Detection System plays a vital role in a network security to identify and detect the anomalies in a security system of network. The performance of IDS can be measured through its intelligence, efficiency and accurate detection of unknown and known attacks. The greater the gain concept give the best possible detection rate of anomalies. This study proposed a machine learning framework based on MLP classifier with accuracy 99.98%. This work is further validated through 10-fold and JackKnife cross validation. Key metrics to see the impact on accuracy and other performance measured metrics such as Sensitivity, Specificity and Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient. All the metrics gained their highest ratio, which means MLP is the best classification technique. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and MCC rate of the suggested model computed 99.99% from whole dataset of UNSW-NB15. These results show the improvement in accuracy while applying different perceptron topologies. K-fold and JackKnife topologies are capable to earn the 99.99% accuracy
Personalización e interactividad en los rankings de universidades publicados en la Web

A partir de la primera decada del siglo XXI se produce una explosion en la publicacion de rankings de universidades por todo el mundo. La cantidad y variedad de iniciativas provoca que diversos autores e instituciones reflexionen acerca del futuro desarrollo de los mismos, que pasan, entre otros aspectos, por el uso de agrupaciones y las posibilidades de interaccion y personalizacion que las webs permiten. Se repasan las caracteristicas principales de estas nuevas tendencias en el diseno de rankings, ejemplificadas por iniciativas como la del Centrum fur Hochschulentwicklung ( CHE ), la Complete university guide ( CUG ), y el College navigator of Taiwan . Se discute acerca de sus posibles ventajas e inconvenientes.
Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells derived Exosomes loaded in Collagen Hydrogel on Bone Regeneration in male Rat Calvarial Critical-Size Bone Defect

INTRODUCTION: Expanded bone damage in defects of critical size demands interventions for the complete regeneration. However, limitations of the previous strategies include reduced availability of autograft donors. The therapeutic efficacy of exosomes has been extensively studied in numerous circumstances such as wound healing, bone and periodontal regeneration. AIM: This research work aimed to test the efficacy of collagen thermoresponsive hydrogel loaded by BMMSC-derived exosomes on bone regeneration in rats’ calvarial critical-size bone defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty albino rats were allocated into 2 groups, 10 rats each. Group I-collagen hydrogel (COLL), Group II-(COLL+ exosomes). Calvarial critical-size bone defects were surgically created in all groups. The defects in Group I were filled with collagen hydrogel, and in Group II were filled with exosomes-loaded collagen hydrogel. Rats were euthanized after 4 and 8 weeks, and the calvariae were collected and processed. The regenerated bone was evaluated by histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemical expression of the bone formation marker osteocalcin. RESULTS: Analyzing the new bone using histology and histomorphometry revealed an enhanced quantity and pattern of bone formation in defects augmented with collagen hydrogel loaded by exosomes compared to the bare collagen hydrogel group after 4 weeks. However, after 8 weeks no significant difference was detected between groups. Immunohistochemical expression of osteocalcin showed higher values in group II (Coll + exosomes) in comparison to group I collagen hydrogel (COLL). CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes loaded collagen thermoresponsive hydrogel provides a precious substitution to cell-based therapy in bone regenerative procedures.
A focus group study among insufficiently physically active African American adults regarding technology-delivered team-based gamification for physical activity promotion

Background Gamification represents a promising approach for facilitating positive social interactions among groups of individuals and is increasingly being leveraged in physical activity (PA) interventions to promote enhanced intervention engagement and PA outcomes. Although African American (AA) adults experience disparities associated with health conditions that can be ameliorated with increased PA, little is known about how best to culturally target PA gamification strategies for this population. The purpose of this study was to gather perspectives from AA adults residing in the Southeast United States and subsequently identify themes to help inform the cultural adaptation of an existing electronic and mobile health (e/mHealth) gamification- and theory-based PA intervention for teams of insufficiently active AA adults. Methods An AA moderator facilitated six online focus groups among AA adults (n=42; 93% female; 45.09±9.77 years; 34.40±57.38 minutes/week of reported moderate-intensity equivalent PA), using a semi-structured focus group guide. Drawing from a content analysis approach, transcripts were coded and salient themes were identified. Results The focus groups revealed the following seven themes: (I) motivation (team-based gamification motivating); (II) accountability (team-based gamification promotes accountability); (III) competition (competitive elements attractive); (IV) weekly challenges (prefer to choose weekly PA challenges); (V) leaderboard feedback (preference for viewing steps and active minutes via a leaderboard); (VI) cultural relevancy (prefer elements reflective of their race and culture that promote team unity); (VII) teammate characteristics (mixed preferences regarding ideal sociodemographic characteristics and starting PA level of teammates). Conclusions Integrating team-based gamification in an e/mHealth-based PA intervention may be acceptable among AA adults. The identification of specific design preferences and perceptions of the value of the social environment points to the need to consider surface-level and deep structure cultural targeting when developing and further exploring best practices regarding gamified PA interventions for insufficiently active AAs.
Corporate Behavior under Confusion: ESG Disagreement and Green Innovation

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings of firms are divergent across data providers, which creates uncertainty about corporate sustainability. Using ESG rating data from the Chinese market, we find that ESG ratings issued by different rating agencies generally have a low correlation. Empirical tests show that ESG disagreement inhibits firms’ green innovation behavior. Corporate green innovation resources and green innovation intentions are potential channels through which ESG disagreement affects green innovation. Further analysis finds that the information environment, institutional environment, and industry differences influence the negative association between ESG disagreement and green innovation.
INCIDENCE OF PNEUMOTHORAX IN CASES WITH ARDS REQUIRING PEEP > 10 mmHg

This study aimed to determine the incidence of pneumothorax in patients with ARDS who require PEEP levels higher than ten mmHg. The study was conducted at the Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Central Park Teaching Hospital in Lahore, from January 2022 to June 2023. One hundred thirty-eight patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study, and informed consent was obtained from all patients and their guardians. All patients underwent chest radiography or point of care ultrasound (POCUS) to identify pneumothorax. The results showed that 35 out of 138 patients (25.4%) had pneumothorax, and the mean PEEP value was 11.05±1.05. The study also found that male patients were more commonly affected than female patients (56.5% vs 42.8%). The practical implication of this study is that the diagnosis of pneumothorax is crucial in patients with ARDS, especially in the early stages, as this condition can lead to high mortality rates. The study can help pulmonologists choose better patient treatment options and avoid comorbidities. Conservative management may be recommended to patients if there are no clinical signs or symptoms of a severe condition and if the pneumothorax size is small. In conclusion, this study shows that patients with ARDS requiring PEEP levels higher than ten mmHg are at a higher risk of developing pneumothorax. Thus, early diagnosis and proper management are essential to improve patient outcomes.
Efficient Water Use in Crop Production: Discussion on the Generality of Relations Between Biomass Production and Evapotranspiration

There is little question that water supply for transpiration causes major variation in crop yields. Therefore, it is understandable why scientists have wanted to relate yield to water use through studying the water requirements of crops. Modern technology attempts to minimize a crop's exposure to soil water deficits through various management strategies, such as supplemental irrigation, proper fertilizer use, plant population and row-spacing, and use of maturity genotypes that match available soil water supply. When a producer is successful in minimizing water deficiency in a crop, factors other than water supply can become limiting. In such cases, evaluation of production as related to evapotranspiration may not be a useful quantitative concept. This paper is a discussion of difficulties in making generalizations about crop production as related to evapotranspiration (ET) or transpiration (T), and offers an alternative approach to calculating biomass production independent of ET and T that is believed to be general.
Diagnostic Study for Salmonella Infection In Broiler Farms In Kirkuk Province

he aim of the study is diagnosis Salmonella infection in broiler chickens in Kirkuk province. For this purpose, 120 samples were collected from broiler chicken organs, which included form the cecal tonsils, liver, spleen, and gallbladder. ELISA, PCR, Culture methods, whole blood agglutination tests, and slide agglutination tests were all used for Salmonella infection diagnosis. The study recorded the rate of Salmonella isolated from the cecal tonsils ,liver ,gallbladder and spleen 39 (61.9%) ,28(44.4%),16(25.4%) and 13 (20.6%) respectively, while the results showed that 52.5% of the broiler chickens had Salmonella bacteria isolated from them, as it was found that the cecal tonsils are the best place to isolate that bacteria, and the results also showed that Salmonella enteritidis is the most prevalent species. The ELISA test resulted 60.3%, whereas other widely used tests produced a result of 100%. The test of ELISA , the test of slide agglutination and the test of whole blood agglutination for Salmonella enteritidis , with the test of slide agglutination results for Salmonella typhimurium recorded 68.4%,71.9%, 62.3%,73.9% ,83.8% and 71.4%, respectively. The study concludes that the best place to isolate the bacteria is the cecal tonsils. In addition, the most common type of Salmonella that was diagnosed in the samples studied was the Salmonella enteritidis .
Critical factors influencing green consumer behavior: A case study in Vietnam

Green shopping is becoming increasingly popular as a way of saving the environment and combating climate change in Vietnam and many other nations across the world. In addition, the agriculture sector, along with other industries such as manufacturing, services, commerce, and environmentally conscious consumption, is being examined in the global shift towards sustainable green consumption. This is in line with attempts to adopt eco-friendly solutions and mitigate climate change. As a result, the study investigated the critical elements influencing individual consumers' green consumer behavior in five Vietnamese provinces and gave management recommendations for improving green consumer behavior. The article technique utilized structural equation modeling (SEM), the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), and Amos. In addition, data was collected from 700 green product buyers. The findings of the article identified five essential factors influencing green consumer behavior: green products, the price of green products, green places, green promotion, and green policy. The article provides valuable insights for managers to develop an effective green marketing plan for businesses that sell organic food products. The goal is to encourage customers to embrace environmental consciousness and promote sustainable development. Additionally, the article emphasizes the importance of conveying positive information about green businesses. The value of this study raises awareness of the fact that green consumption is a comprehensive and responsible management process that satisfies, identifies, meets, and predicts the needs of producers, sellers, and consumers while preserving the natural health of the environment and not endangering human health.
Drug Utilization Studies in Pregnant Women for Newly Licensed Medicinal Products: A Contribution from IMI ConcePTION

Purpose Studies focusing on safety outcomes typically require large populations to comprehensively characterise the patient groups exposed to the medicines under investigation. However, there is often less information for subpopulations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, particularly when new medicines are considered. It is important to understand what information can be obtained from drug utilization studies (DUS) involving pregnant women in the early years postmarketing to provide supportive information for safety studies. The aims of this literature review are to (1) identify and review DUS for new medicines in pregnancy and breastfeeding and (2) list and summarise key information items to be reported in a DUS for new medicines in pregnancy. Methods To identify postmarketing DUS of new prescription medicines or enantiomers in pregnancy, a systematic literature review was undertaken in PubMed and Embase between January 2015 and June 2022. In addition, the complete database of the ENCePP EU PAS Register was systematically searched to June 2022. Results We identified 11 published DUS on new medicines in pregnancy from the ENCePP EU PAS Register and none from other sources. No studies on breastfeeding were identified. The 11 identified publications reported the medicine's use for the first 3 to 5 years after marketing approval. No reports assessed utilization in the first 3 years of approval. It was usual to issue interim reports annually (7 studies). All studies concerned conditions managed in ambulatory care (primary care and outpatient facilities) and included some primary care prescribing. Most (n = 8) only had prescribing/dispensing data available at individual level for ambulatory care; outpatient prescribing was included in three of these studies Three studies held a limited amount of in-hospital prescribing data. A DUS can confirm at an early stage whether there are sufficient exposed pregnancies in available data sources to ensure a safety study is powered to detect a difference in the prevalence of adverse pregnancy or infant outcomes or if additional data from other databases are needed. A DUS may also help address methodological considerations such as selection of comparators. DUS can be performed embedded in a DUS in the general population, in a cohort of women of childbearing age, or in a cohort of pregnant women. Conclusion This review summarises key aspects of a DUS for new medicines in pregnancy. DUS for new medicines in pregnancy should be planned before marketing, scheduled for the first 3 to 5 years after release, with annual interim/progress reports, and reported in peer-reviewed journals. By offering detailed information on data sources, exposure timing, prevalence and location, coprescribing, comorbidities, coexposures, and demographics, a DUS will offer a firm foundation for safety studies and will help to contextualize spontaneous reporting of serious adverse events.
Causal Role of Immune Cells in Stroke: Mendelian Randomization (MR) Study

Objective: A two sample Mendelian randomization study was used to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cells and stroke. Methods: The data were collected from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) data set. Using the two sample Mendelian randomization method, we explored the causal relationship between 731 immune cell characteristics and stroke. There are four immune characteristics (relative cell (RC), medium fluorescence intensities (MFI), absolute cell (AC), and morphological parameters (MP)). Results: after FDR correction,13 immunophenotypes were risk factors for stroke, and 20 immunophenotypes were protective factors; 13 immunophenotypes were risk factors for ischemic stroke, and 22 immunophenotypes were protective factors; 16 kinds of immunophenotypes are risk causal relationship for cardioembolic stroke, and the other 16 kinds of immunophenotypes are protective factors; It was found that 15 immunophenotypes were risk factors for small vessel occlusion, and 29 immunophenotypes were protective factors; 21 kinds of immunophenotypes are risk factors for large artery atherosclerosis, and its protective factors are as high as 39 kinds of immunophenotypes. Conclusions: our study proved the close relationship between immune cells and stroke through Mendelian randomization study, and provided guidance for the treatment and prevention of stroke in the future.
Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage/CD5L in Rheumatoid Arthritis Correlation with Disease Activity and Severity

Background: Rheumatoid Inflammation of the synovial joints causes damage to the joints and functional impairment in people with arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune illness. Apoptotic process dysregulation in immune cells, especially macrophages, may contribute to RA pathophysiology. An intriguing protein that has recently come to light as a possible contributor to the onset and development of RA is Apoptosis Inhibitor of Macrophage (AIM)/CD5L. Evidence from research points to a link between AIM/CD5L expression and RA disease activity. Serum and synovial tissues from people with active RA show higher levels of AIM/CD5L, suggesting that it may be a biomarker for disease activity. Methods: The 120 participants in this case control research were split into three groups according on their diagnoses: group A consisted of 60 patients with RA, group B of 30 patients with OA, and group C of 30 seemingly healthy individuals who were age and sex matched to the other two groups. People were scouted from Benha University Hospitals' rheumatology, physical medicine, and rehabilitation outpatient clinics and patient departments. The results showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.001) in the mean serum AIM levels in RA patients (1292.1 ng/ml), OA patients (691.7 ng/ml), and healthy controls (483.7 ng/ml). With a diagnostic capacity at its peak at 654.09ng/ml, serum AIM may distinguish between RA patients and healthy persons with remarkable specificity and sensitivity. In conclusion, serum AIM has the potential to become a novel RA biomarker.
Glaucoma Animal Models beyond Chronic IOP Increase

Glaucoma is a complex and multifactorial disease defined as the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Besides an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), other mechanisms play a pivotal role in glaucoma onset and progression. For example, it is known that excitotoxicity, immunological alterations, ischemia, and oxidative stress contribute to the neurodegeneration in glaucoma disease. To study these effects and to discover novel therapeutic approaches, appropriate animal models are needed. In this review, we focus on various glaucoma animal models beyond an elevated IOP. We introduce genetically modified mice, e.g., the optineurin E50K knock-in or the glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST)-deficient mouse. Excitotoxicity can be mimicked by injecting the glutamate analogue N-methyl-D-aspartate intravitreally, which leads to rapid RGC degeneration. To explore the contribution of the immune system, the experimental autoimmune glaucoma model can serve as a useful tool. Here, immunization with antigens led to glaucoma-like damage. The ischemic mechanism can be mimicked by inducing a high IOP for a certain amount of time in rodents, followed by reperfusion. Thereby, damage to the retina and the optic nerve occurs rapidly after ischemia/reperfusion. Lastly, we discuss the importance of optic nerve crush models as model systems for normal-tension glaucoma. In summary, various glaucoma models beyond IOP increase can be utilized.
The Ethylene Biosynthetic Enzymes, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO): The Less Explored Players in Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Ethylene is an essential plant hormone, critical in various physiological processes. These processes include seed germination, leaf senescence, fruit ripening, and the plant’s response to environmental stressors. Ethylene biosynthesis is tightly regulated by two key enzymes, namely 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). Initially, the prevailing hypothesis suggested that ACS is the limiting factor in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence from various studies has demonstrated that ACO, under specific circumstances, acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene production. Under normal developmental processes, ACS and ACO collaborate to maintain balanced ethylene production, ensuring proper plant growth and physiology. However, under abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, or pathogen attack, the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis becomes critical for plants’ survival. This review highlights the structural characteristics and examines the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of ACS and ACO and their role under abiotic stress conditions. Reviews on the role of ethylene signaling in abiotic stress adaptation are available. However, a review delineating the role of ACS and ACO in abiotic stress acclimation is unavailable. Exploring how particular ACS and ACO isoforms contribute to a specific plant’s response to various abiotic stresses and understanding how they are regulated can guide the development of focused strategies. These strategies aim to enhance a plant’s ability to cope with environmental challenges more effectively.