Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability Analysis of CTCS-3 Train-Ground Communication System Based on 5G-R

The reliability of Chinese Train Control System Level 3 (CTCS-3) train-ground communication system is of great importance to ensure the safe operation of trains. The fifth Generation Mobile Communication for Railway (5G-R) is prospective for train-ground communication in the future. In this article, the train-ground communication procedure of 5G-R (e.g., connection reestablishment, handover and train-ground data transmission) is tested by a semi-physical simulation platform. The test results, including the delay of different procedures together with the handover success rate, all can satisfy the quality of service (QoS) requirements. According to the communication procedure, deterministic and stochastic Petri net (DSPN) models of communication links and train-ground communication scenarios are established. Furthermore, the parameters of models are calibrated with the test data and protocol standards. We utilize $\pi$-tool to simulate and analyze the reliability of the train-ground communication system under the interaction of multiple fault factors. The results show that even in the worst handover scenario where the station distance is 1 km and the train speed is 400 km/h, the reliability of the train-ground communication system based on 5G-R can still reach 99.9963$\%$. It not only meets the requirements of the train control services for the train-ground communication system, but also is better than the reliability of the GSM-R based communication system.
Fixed Point Results of a New Family of Contractions in Metric Space Endowed with a Graph

In this note, a general class of contractive inequality, namely, admissible hybrid H − α − ϕ contraction, is proposed in metric space endowed with a graph, and new criteria for which the mapping is a Picard operator are examined. The significance of this type of contraction is connected with the possibility that its inequality can be particularized in more than one way, depending on the provided constants. Relevant examples are designed to support the assumptions of our obtained notions and to show how they are different from the known ones. A corollary which reduces our obtained result to a recently published result in the literature is pointed out and discussed.
The Parallelization of Computations for Ensuring Information Security in Connected Vehicle Systems Using Q-Effective Programming: The Example of Dijkstra’s Algorithm

This work researches the possibility of applying the concept of a Q-determinant for the parallelization of calculations in the implementation of algorithms to ensure the security of information in systems of connected vehicles. The increasing complexity of connected vehicle systems increases the computational complexity of algorithms used to identify vulnerable nodes in such systems. This requires finding an effective approach to the parallelization of calculations. As an example, Dijkstra’s algorithm is used to search for vulnerable nodes in a network of connected vehicles. The method of designing effective programs based on a Q-determinant concept is described. The results of an experimental study of the developed programs conducted on the "Tornado SUSU" supercomputer are presented. The research makes it possible to conclude that a Q-determinant concept is an effective approach to parallelizing Dijkstra’s algorithm.
Vibro-tactile Feedback for Dial Interaction using an Everyday Object in Augmented Reality

Interaction using everyday objects offer a compelling alternative to gesture and dedicated controller interaction in augmented real-ity. However, unlike dedicated controllers, everyday objects cannot provide active haptic feedback. To explore active feedback with everyday objects, a within-subjects study was conducted with n = 28 participants, using a flowerpot enhanced with vibro-tactile feedback to perform dial interactions and comparing four conditions based on the inclusion and exclusion of audio and haptic feedback. No significant differences between conditions were found for task com-pletion time or accuracy, however measurements of immersion and user preference were higher for the conditions that included haptic feedback.
A comparison of linear versus non-linear prediction for polynomial functions of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process

The general minimum mean square error prediction problem is studied for the class of processes defined by polynomial functions of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. In particular, the relative error difference for non-linear prediction compared with optimal linear prediction is calculated. Limiting values are determined, including an upper bound for the maximal relative error difference. These results show no difference over the entire class for both long and short prediction lead times. For a single Hermite polynomial, the relative error difference is zero. An analytical solution for the maximal difference for lead times below a given threshold is derived. This latter result has been verified numerically on a digital computer for polynomials up to 17th degree.
Modeling Co-Infection by Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis Reveals Influences on Biofilm Formation and Host Response

Simple Summary Clinically, Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis often co-occur or mix with each other, causing great harm to the pig industry. Thus, we established a mixed infection model in vitro and a co-infected mice model. We found that the co-existence of S. suis and H. parasuis can interfere with each other. There was competition between S. suis and H. parasuis in co-culture. Compared to single cultures, co-cultures showed enhanced biofilm formation, changes in virulence genes, and increased resistance to drugs. The number of bacteria in the co-infected mice increased and the inflammatory response changed. Ultimately, the study elucidated the interaction between S. suis and H. parasuis. This provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of porcine respiratory disease syndrome caused by bacteria. Abstract Streptococcus suis (S. suis) and Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) are two primary pathogens currently affecting the porcine industry. They often cause encephalitis and arthritis. They also frequently co-infect in clinical settings. In the current study, we identified significant correlations between S. suis and H. parasuis. The results from CI versus RIR suggested that S. suis and H. parasuis were competitive in general. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the biomass, bio-volume, and thickness of mixed-species biofilms were significantly higher, which was confirmed using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the viable bacteria in the mixed-species biofilms were significantly lower, which was confirmed using the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU cm−2). The susceptibility of antibiotics in the co-culture decreased in the planktonic state. In contrast, biofilm state bacteria are significantly more difficult to eradicate with antibiotics than in a planktonic state. Whether in planktonic or biofilm state, the expression of virulence genes of S. suis and H. parasuis in mixed culture was very different from that in single culture. Subsequently, by establishing a mixed infection model in mice, we found that the colonization of the two pathogens in organs increased after mixed infection, and altered the host’s inflammatory response. In summary, our results indicate that S. suis and H. parasuis compete when co-cultured in vitro. Surprisingly, S. suis and H. parasuis synergistically increased colonization capacity after co-infection in vivo. This study elucidated the interaction between S. suis and H. parasuis during single infections and co-infections. Future studies on bacterial disease control and antibiotic treatment should consider the interaction of mixed species.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia With Intra Thoracic Gastric Volvulus: A Rare, Life-Threatening Combination

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a known cause of secondary gastric volvulus (GV). Both entities are life-threatening, either alone or in exceedingly rare instances when they occur in combination. Here, we describe one such rare combination of CDH and secondary GV in a nine-year-old boy, who presented to us with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain. Urgent laparotomy was done after radiological evaluation (X-ray of chest and abdomen and contrast-enhanced CT chest and abdomen), which revealed mesenterico-axial volvulus of the stomach, secondary to an underlying diaphragmatic defect in the left hemidiaphragm, thus establishing the cause (diaphragmatic defect) and effect (GV), and resulting in a favourable outcome.
Stacked-Cascode Current Steering Architecture for Gallium Nitride Variable-Gain LNAs

This work presents a gallium nitride (GaN) variable-gain low-noise amplifier (VGLNA) using for the first time a stacked-cascode current steering architecture. The simulation results show that an extensive gain variation range can be achieved without degrading other key performance parameters. This technique significantly outperforms the capabilities of VGLNAs based on controlling the biasing voltage of the amplifying transistor, which is limited by a notable input impedance mismatching.
Finite Projective Geometries

James Singer [12] has shown that there exists a collineation which is transitive on the (t - 1)-spaces, that is, (t - 1)-dimensional linear subspaces, of PG(t, p n). In this paper we shall generalize this result showing that there exist t - r collineations which together are transitive on the s-spaces of PG(t, p n). An explicit construction will be given for such a set of collineations with the aid of primitive elements of Galois fields. This leads to a calculus for the linear subspaces of finite projective geometries.
UAV Remotely-Powered Underground IoT for Soil Monitoring

This article introduces a practical approach to wirelessly charge underground Internet of Things (IoT) (UIoT) for soil monitoring using ultra-high-frequency (UHF) radio energy. In the proposed system, UIoT nodes do not require batteries or any aboveground attachments (e.g., solar panel). Instead, they harvest 915 MHz radio energy emitted from a UAV for semiperpetual operation. The UIoT nodes utilize the harvested energy to measure soil parameters and transmit data back to the UAV using ZigBee protocol. After collecting the data from UIoTs, the UAV uploads it to a cloud server for online soil quality analysis. The system has been optimized for efficient operation, with a UAV transmit power as low as 2 W. Startup, drive, and power management circuits have been designed to ensure reliable operation of UIoT nodes, even with low incident energy. According to experimental results, the developed radio frequency charging-enabled underground IoT system can successfully power up and transmit more than 1 kB of data within 10 s of wireless charging, followed by an additional 1.7 kB of data every 1.6 s thereafter.
Optimal Taxation of Multinational Enterprises: A Ramsey Approach

What is the optimal design of the international corporate tax system? We revisit this classic question in a multi-country general equilibrium model that incorporates three key features of the modern globalized economy: multinational production; intangible capital; and international profit shifting. Our model’s competitive equilibrium is inefficient due to an externality that arises from international spillovers in intangible investment. In the absence of profit shifting, there is little, if anything, a Ramsey planner can do with corporate income taxes to improve the allocation of intangible investment across countries. However, in the presence of profit shifting, a planner to use corporate income taxes fully internalize the externality and achieve an efficient allocation of intangible investment. To quantitatively investigate the properties of the Ramsey planner’s optimal policy in a more realistic setting, we extend our model to an environment with firm heterogeneity and selection into multinational production. The optimal policy in this environment is to cut corporate income taxes in rich countries and raise taxes in poor countries, which would benefit the latter substantially and shut down profit shifting worldwide. When the planner is constrained to Pareto improvements relative to the status quo, the optimal policy would be more modest and would allow profit shifting to continue to operate at a similar level to the status quo.
Severe Hypertriglyceridaemia and Chylomicronaemia Syndrome—Causes, Clinical Presentation, and Therapeutic Options

We have reviewed the genetic basis of chylomicronaemia, the difference between monogenic and polygenic hypertriglyceridaemia, its effects on pancreatic, cardiovascular, and microvascular complications, and current and potential future pharmacotherapies. Severe hypertriglyceridaemia (TG > 10 mmol/L or 1000 mg/dL) is rare with a prevalence of <1%. It has a complex genetic basis. In some individuals, the inheritance of a single rare variant with a large effect size leads to severe hypertriglyceridaemia and fasting chylomicronaemia of monogenic origin, termed as familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (FCS). Alternatively, the accumulation of multiple low-effect variants causes polygenic hypertriglyceridaemia, which increases the tendency to develop fasting chylomicronaemia in presence of acquired factors, termed as multifactorial chylomicronaemia syndrome (MCS). FCS is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a pathogenic variant of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene or one of its regulators. The risk of pancreatic complications and associated morbidity and mortality are higher in FCS than in MCS. FCS has a more favourable cardiometabolic profile and a low prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared to MCS. The cornerstone of the management of severe hypertriglyceridaemia is a very-low-fat diet. FCS does not respond to traditional lipid-lowering therapies. Several novel pharmacotherapeutic agents are in various phases of development. Data on the correlation between genotype and phenotype in FCS are scarce. Further research to investigate the impact of individual gene variants on the natural history of the disease, and its link with ASCVD, microvascular disease, and acute or recurrent pancreatitis, is warranted. Volanesorsen reduces triglyceride concentration and frequency of pancreatitis effectively in patients with FCS and MCS. Several other therapeutic agents are in development. Understanding the natural history of FCS and MCS is necessary to rationalise healthcare resources and decide when to deploy these high-cost low-volume therapeutic agents.
SVPTO: Safe Visibility-Guided Perception-Aware Trajectory Optimization for Aerial Tracking

In this article, we propose a safe visibility-guided perception-aware trajectory optimization method for aerial tracking, which can handle occlusion and collision in complex environments simultaneously. Different from the existing methods, the key idea of the proposed method is to actively adjust the relative distance and angle between the quadrotor and the target to avoid occlusion and collision with obstacles. Specifically, a novel field of view-based metric is proposed to avoid the occlusion of the target from obstacles. On this basis, the complexity of the environment is also introduced to adjust the relative distance between the quadrotor and the target to further reduce the probability of occlusion. Then, a critical relative angle is proposed to enhance the obstacle perception in the quadrotor motion direction. In addition, a time optimization method is proposed to improve the smoothness of quadrotor flight. Finally, comparative simulation and real-world experiments are conducted to verify the superior performance, including both the visibility and safety of the proposed method.
Instabilidade de Turing e sincronismo em redes de populações acopladas

In this study we analyse the effects caused by density-dependent dispersal on metapopulations which are modelled as a discrete dynamical system in time and space. The analysis is done using different functional formulations describing the local dynamics while the network configuration used is of a circular type. Two different problems are studied: the Turing instability and the stability of synchronized trajectories. The Turing instability analysis is done comparing the local model behavior with the coupled map lattice with symmetric interactions.We assume the single patch model to be stable, thus any observed instability is caused by the dispersal between patches. Moreover we compare the stability region of a network where the connections are only between the two nearest neighbors sites with globally connected ensembles, and we conclude that the stability region increases when there are more connections between patches. We also computed the Lyapunov exponents of the metapopulation system in order to detect the presence of chaotic dynamics caused by the densitydependent migration. This numerical calculations were performed for various values of n (number of sites), comparing the two nearest neighbors topology with the globally connected interaction system, comparing the migration process that occurs because of lack sexual partners (negative densitydependent dispersal) with the dispersal caused by overpopulated patches (positive density-dependent dispersal), and also comparing metapopulations where the local model presents an intrinsic reproductive rate larger than one with systems where the local dynamics are driven by models with intrinsic reproductive rate less than one. In the second part we study the stability of synchronized attractors. This is important since synchronization is closely related to the possibility of the metapopulation extinction. We obtained a stability criterion for synchronized attractors. This criterion is based on the computation of the Transversal Lyapunov
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Nanosensor for Rapid Detection of Glyphosate in Food Samples

In this study, we developed a biosensor based on the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to detect the widely used herbicide glyphosate in food samples. To do so, either cysteamine or a specific antibody for glyphosate were conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticles. AuNPs were synthesized using the sodium citrate reduction method and had their concentration determined via inductively plasma coupled mass spectrometry. Their optical properties were analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Functionalized AuNPs were further characterized via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman scattering, Zeta potential, and dynamic light scattering. Both conjugates succeeded in detecting the presence of glyphosate in the colloid, although nanoparticles functionalized with cysteamine tended to aggregate at high concentrations of the herbicide. On the other hand, AuNPs functionalized with anti-glyphosate functioned at a broad concentration range and successfully identified the presence of the herbicide in non-organic coffee samples and when it was added to an organic coffee sample. This study demonstrates the potential of AuNP-based biosensors to detect glyphosate in food samples. The low-cost and specificity of these biosensors make them a viable alternative to current methods for detecting glyphosate in foodstuffs.
Several Solutions to the Shortest Path Problem of Multi-Stage Weighted Directed Graph

Multi-stage weighted directed graph is popular in application.There are many practical issues such as transport,engineering,management can be solved by transforming into the shortest path problem.In particular,shortest path problem of the multi-tage weighted directed graph is more significance in solving such practical problems.In this paper,we study the shortest path problem of the multi-stage weighted directed graph and several solutions to it are presented by using an example from different perspective that is reverse labeling method on the graph,the tabular method and dynamic programming.
Temperature-induced and electric-field-induced phase transitions in rhombohedral Pb ( In 1 / 2 Nb 1 / 2 ) O 3 − Pb ( Mg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 ) O 3 − PbTiO 3 ternary single crystals

Temperature and electric field effects on rhombohedral $(R)$ ternary ${\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{In}}_{1/2}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{1/2}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{Mg}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}{)\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ (PIN-PMN-PT) ferroelectric single crystals were comprehensively studied by x-ray diffraction. We have focused on how the individual phase transitions as well as the phase transition sequences depend on thermal and electrical history. Electric field-temperature phase diagrams have been constructed under [001] field-cooling and field-heating conditions. As happens to the $R$ phase of binary PMN-PT crystals [H. Cao, J. F. Li, D. Viehland, and G. Y. Xu, Phys. Rev. B 73, 184110 (2006)], the $R$ phase of the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) state is replaced by a monoclinic A $(M$) phase in the field-cooled (FC) diagram. In particular, reciprocal-space mesh scans demonstrated that the $M$ phase was stable for crystals poled along the [001] crystallographic direction rather than the initial $R$ phase of the ZFC state. Furthermore, an $E$-field-induced phase transformational sequence of $R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}M$\ensuremath{\rightarrow} tetragonal $(T)$ was observed at constant temperature, revealing a gradual increase in the $c$ lattice parameter. These findings demonstrate that the ternary PIN-PMN-PT crystals exhibit common phase transition features with binary PMN-PT and ${\mathrm{Pb}(\mathrm{Zn}}_{1/3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2/3}{)\mathrm{O}}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}$ (PZN-PT) ones for compositions in the low PT side of the morphotropic phase boundary.
PerBlocks: A Reconfigurable Blockchain for Service Provisioning in Industrial Environment

In this work, we propose a reconfigurable blockchain (BC)—“PerBlocks”—for handling data from heterogeneous activities and achieving scalability as well as throughput in the industrial environment. Typically, industries deal with the pervasive deployment of various sensors, resulting in heterogeneous data with varying services. The adoption of conventional BC satisfies transparency, immutability, and security. However, static block size and stringent consensus algorithms are unable to serve the needs of heterogeneous activities. In order to resolve this, we propose reconfigurable service-oriented BC, which dynamically selects the consensus algorithm and block size according to the requirement of heterogeneous activities. Through experimental results, we demonstrate that the proposed method can utilize the resources efficiently and provide user-oriented services as well as scalability. In particular, the proposed method uses 28.2% CPU and 82% memory while reducing response time by 6%, compared to a conventional BC and improving the quality of services by 60%.