Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aspect ratio and end plate effects on vortex shedding from a circular cylinder

Aspect ratio effects on the vortex shedding flow from a circular cylinder have been studied by using moveable end plates. Experiments were carried out to measure fluctuating forces, shedding frequency and spanwise correlation whilst varying end plate separation and Reynolds number. The aspect ratio (0.25–12) was found to have a most striking effect on the fluctuating lift. Within a certain range of Reynolds number an increase of the sectional fluctuating lift was obtained for reduced aspect ratio, and showed a maximum for an aspect ratio of 1, where the fluctuating lift could be almost twice the value for very large aspect ratios. This increase of the lift amplitude was found to be accompanied by enhanced spanwise correlation of the flow. The measurements were carried out over the Reynolds number range 8 × 103 < Re < 1.4 × 105. The strong increase in fluctuating lift with small aspect ratio did not occur at the lower and upper boundaries of this range. In the lower Reynolds number range (Re < 2 × 104) the trend could be reversed, i.e. the fluctuating lift decreased with decreasing aspect ratio. Also, with small aspect ratio, a shedding breakdown was found in the upper Reynolds number range (Re = 1.3 × 105). The main three-dimensional feature observed was a spanwise variation in the phase of vortex shedding, accompanied by amplitude modulation in the lift signal. However, the level of three-dimensionality can be reduced by using a small aspect ratio. Three-dimensional vortex shedding features are discussed and comparison of the results with those from both two-dimensional numerical simulations and other experiments using large aspect ratios are presented.
Evolutionary Stability of Small Molecular Regulatory Networks That Exhibit Near-Perfect Adaptation

Simple Summary If a perfume is released into a room, the occupants will immediately smell it; however, after a few minutes, they will become desensitized to the odor, although it is still in the room, as would be attested by newcomers to the gathering. Such behavior is called ‘adaptation. ’ In response to a stepwise increase in an incoming signal (perfume), a sensory cell (the olfactory cell in the nose) sends an output signal (nerve impulses) to an organ (the brain) that responds appropriately (attraction or repulsion, say); however, in the continued presence of the input signal, the sensory cell ceases to respond and reverts to its ‘resting’ state. There are many examples of such near-perfect adaptive responses in the physiology of living cells, and it is natural to inquire as to the underlying molecular bases of such behavior. Using an evolutionary search procedure, this paper examines a wide class of molecular interaction networks for their potential to exhibit near-perfect adaptation. Adaptive networks that are stable to evolutionary fluctuations are characterized by a simple motif with two paths: (i) an incoming signal activates a receptor molecule, which activates an output signal, and simultaneously (ii) the receptor activates a modulator component that inhibits the output. Abstract Large-scale protein regulatory networks, such as signal transduction systems, contain small-scale modules (‘motifs’) that carry out specific dynamical functions. Systematic characterization of the properties of small network motifs is therefore of great interest to molecular systems biologists. We simulate a generic model of three-node motifs in search of near-perfect adaptation, the property that a system responds transiently to a change in an environmental signal and then returns near-perfectly to its pre-signal state (even in the continued presence of the signal). Using an evolutionary algorithm, we search the parameter space of these generic motifs for network topologies that score well on a pre-defined measure of near-perfect adaptation. We find many high-scoring parameter sets across a variety of three-node topologies. Of all possibilities, the highest scoring topologies contain incoherent feed-forward loops (IFFLs), and these topologies are evolutionarily stable in the sense that, under ‘macro-mutations’ that alter the topology of a network, the IFFL motif is consistently maintained. Topologies that rely on negative feedback loops with buffering (NFLBs) are also high-scoring; however, they are not evolutionarily stable in the sense that, under macro-mutations, they tend to evolve an IFFL motif and may—or may not—lose the NFLB motif.
HSC Classification Method and Its Applications in Massive Data Classifying

The main idea of SVM used for classifying nonlinear separable data is to map the data into higher dimension linear space in which the data can be separated by a hyper plane. Based on Jordan Curve Theorem,a universal classification method based on hyper surface, which is called HSC classification, is put forward in this paper. The classification hyper surface is directly made to classify massive data according to whether the wind number is odd or even. It is a novel approach that does not need to make mapping from lower dimension space to higher dimension space and considering kernel function too. It can directly solve the nonlinear multiclasses classifying problem.The test reports show that HSC can efficiently and accurately classify large data.
Co-delivery of Paclitaxel and Adriamycin on Nanoparticle

Based on the threat of cancer to human life and the surge in breast cancer prevalence and mortality in recent years, existing drugs and treatments remain harmful and have side effects. A nano-drug delivery platform is proposed to achieve precise drug delivery in time and space aspects. Two anti-cancer drugs were encapsulated in a nanoplatform and the synergistic effect of these two drugs was utilized to reduce the toxicity of a single drug in conventional chemotherapy and to improve the accuracy of drug delivery. Also, in-vitro and in-vivo experiments of this nanoplatform were designed, and data were collected and analysed to demonstrate the feasibility and future development prospects.
Efecto de la salinidad sobre el crecimiento de plantines de Cucurbita maxima Duch. x Cucurbita moschata Duch.

La salinización de los medios de cultivo en producciones intensivas como consecuencia del uso de agua de riego con alta conductividad eléctrica se ha incrementado en condiciones protegidas. Una estrategia para mitigar el efecto de las sales sobre los cultivos es el uso de plantas injertadas sobre un pie que tolere este estrés abiótico. El melón (Cucumis melo L.) usualmente se injerta sobre distintas especies del género Cucumis o Cucurbita, sobre híbridos interespecíficos del género Cucurbita, o sobre Lagenaria siceraria. En este estudio se comparó a través de tres experimentos el patrón de acumulación de biomasa aérea y radicular de plantines de Cucurbita maxima Duch. x Cucurbita moschata Duch. bajo riego con solución nutritiva de diferente salinidad (0,84, 4, 6 y 8 dS.m-1). El incremento en la cantidad de sales aportadas hacia fines del ciclo evaluado determinó una menor acumulación de materia seca en las plantas con indicadores de crecimiento (RPF, TAC, ICRF e ICRP) que reflejaron esta merma, por lo que no sería recomendable el uso de este híbrido como pie de injerto para producción de plantines en condiciones salinas.
RF Filter using Boundary Acoustic Wave

In this paper, we report a new structure of a shear horizontal (SH) type boundary acoustic wave for cellular phone applications. Such a structure composed of electrodes with a low shear wave velocity between two materials, namely, the SiO2 film/Au-electrode/LiNbO3 substrate, is proposed. The ladder filter used in this paper had this structure. By changing the propagation angle of the acoustic wave, the electromechanical coupling factor k2 range from 0 to 16% was obtained, as well as a normalized bandwidth range 0.67 to 1.85 fold as large as that of a 36–46°Y–X LiTaO3 leaky surface acoustic wave (LT-LSAW) filter. In addition, an excellent temperature coefficient of delay time (TCD=25 ppm/°C) and a large mutual coupling coefficient κ12 (=0.15) were also obtained.
Overground Robotic Gait Trainer mTPAD Improves Gait Symmetry and Weight Bearing in Stroke Survivors

Stroke is a leading cause of disability, impairing the ability to generate propulsive forces and causing significant lateral gait asymmetry. We aim to improve stroke survivors’ gaits by promoting weight-bearing during affected limb stance. External forces can encourage this; e.g., vertical forces can augment the gravitational force requiring higher ground reaction forces, or lateral forces can shift the center of mass over the stance foot, altering the lateral placement of the center of pressure. With our novel design of a mobile Tethered Pelvic Assist Device (mTPAD) paired with the DeepSole system to predict the user’s gait cycle percentage, we demonstrate how to apply three-dimensional forces on the pelvis without lower limb constraints. This work is the first result in the literature that shows that with an applied lateral force during affected limb stance, the center of pressure trajectory’s lateral symmetry is significantly closer to a 0% symmetry (5.5%) than without external force applied (−9.8%,p<0.05). Furthermore, the affected limb’s maximum relative pressure (p) significantly increases from 233.7p to 234.1p (p<0.05) with an applied downward force, increasing affected limb loading. This work highlights how the mTPAD increases weight-bearing and propulsive forces during gait, which is a crucial goal for stroke survivors.
Cerebellar Model Articulation Neural Network-Based Distributed Fault Tolerant Tracking Control With Obstacle Avoidance for Fixed-Wing UAVs

In this article, the distributed fault-tolerant tracking control and obstacle avoidance problem is investigated for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) considering lumped disturbances and communication link faults. First, a cerebellar model articulation neural network s introduced to estimate the lumped disturbances. Meanwhile, the distributed virtual leader state observers are used to address unknown communication faults. Then, a distributed nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode formation controller is implemented to track desired trajectory, and a virtual-agent artificial potential function (APF) is designed to accomplish obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, the stability of the closed loop formation control systems with obstacle avoidance is proved using the graph theory and the Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation results of three fixed-wing UAVs are given to show the effectiveness and good performance of the proposed scheme.
Pengaruh Kepercayaan Dan Kemudahan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Marketplace E-Commerce Shopee

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (a) pengaruh kepercayaan dan kemudahan secara parsial terhadap keputusan pembelian mahasiswa Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia pada platform e-commerce shopee (b) pengaruh kepercayaan dan kemudahan secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian mahasiswa Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia pada platform e-commerce shopee (c) variabel mana yang paling dominan antara kepercayaan dan kemudahan terhadap keputusan pembelian mahasiswa Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia pada platform e-commerce shopee. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 86 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa Institute Nobel Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear berganda dan menggunakan kuisioner dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian adalah (a) kepercayaan dan kemudahan memebrikan pengaruh secara parsial terhadap keputusan pembelian mahasiswa Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia pada platform e-commerce shopee (b) kepercayaan dan kemudahan memberikan pengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian mahasiswa Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia pada platform e-commerce shopee (c) variabel Kemudahan memiliki pengaruh paling dominan terhadap keputusan pembelian mahasiswa Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Nobel Indonesia pada platform e-commerce shopee
Changes in knee flexion-extension performance and hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio during a fatiguing isokinetic protocol in male professional futsal players

ABSTRACT Knee flexion (KF) and extension (KE) performance and hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio are used to estimate injury risk and readiness to return to sport. However, the traditional measures (i.e. non-fatigued state and by peak torque [PT]) may not reflect the thigh and knee injury conditions (i.e. high-speed actions and fatigue presence). We verified the effects of a high-speed isokinetic fatigue protocol (30 consecutive KF and KE concentric contractions at 300°/s) on KF and KE performance and H:Q ratios assessed through different parameters (i.e. PT, work, average and peak power) in male professional futsal players (n = 17). A significant (p < 0.01) time × muscle group interaction was verified. There were reductions (p < 0.01) in KF by PT (84.79 ± 15.05 to 50.29 ± 15.29 Nm), work (87.28 ± 14.46 to 39.00 ± 13.83 Nm), average power (227.81 ± 39.31 to 104.75 ± 31.24 W) and peak power (383.40 ± 59.90 to 191.39 ± 48.35 W). Similarly, KE performance decreased (p < 0.01) for all parameters (PT: 131.36 ± 16.05 to 81.61 ± 9.15 Nm; work: 148.83 ± 20.88 to 90.72 ± 11.89 Nm; average power: 148.83 ± 20.88 to 90.72 ± 11.89 W; peak power: 664.74 ± 85.32 to 398.38 ± 42.42 W). KF (−55.18 ± 13.91% to −40.94 ± 12.66%) showed a higher percentage decrease than KE (−40.46 ± 7.38% to −37.45 ± 6.61%). Finally, reductions (p < 0.01) in H:Q ratio by work, average and peak power but not by PT (p = 0.25) were verified. The tested methods can provide additional information about the athlete’s condition.
Characteristics and trends of U.S. soybean production practices, costs, and returns since 2002

In the past 20 years, U.S. soybean acreage has grown 18 percent, from 74 million to 87 million acres. Soybean yields have also increased. This study uses nationally representative survey data of U.S. soybean farmers (along with costs and returns data) to examine how production practices, export demand, public policy, and environmental factors have changed over the past 20 years.
Comparative study of management accounting system models on company performance in Indonesia and Malaysia financial institutions

This study compares the management accounting system (MAS) model used by financial institutions registered with Financial Services Authority in Malaysia and Indonesia to ascertain how each affects company performance and identify any differences. A comparative study was used to compare the MAS models in the two nations. A quantitative study of 313 accounting and finance managers in financial firms from 160 firms registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in Indonesia was obtained using a simple random technique. The Covariance Base Structural Equation Model (CB-SEM) was used for data analysis using Lisrel. In addition, a literature review of model comparisons was conducted using prior research findings on the MAS model at financial institutions listed on the Central Bank of Malaysia website. The results of the research in Malaysia demonstrate the impact of the MAS model, which was developed through the three variables of market competition intensity, technological advancement, and innovation on the company's non-financial performance. The research results in Indonesia also demonstrate the impact of the MAS model, which was developed through the three variables of management strategy, support, and competence on the company's financial performance. This study demonstrates how the variables created by the two models are used differently.
The mass distribution of Chinese young males

Objective To research the geometic distribution of body mass for Chinese young males.Methods Through CT DIP method 50 cases aged from 18～23 received CT scanning,image analysis and calculation.Results The mass data were obtained,and compared with corresponding data abroad,the maxmum absolute value error for the whole mass was 2.94 kg,and the average absolute error was 0.88 kg and average comparative error was 0.34 %. Conclusion It lays a foundation for establishment of the model of the intertial parameters of Chinese young males.
Counting and Correlation Decay in Spin Systems

Author(s): Srivastava, Piyush | Advisor(s): Sinclair, Alistair | Abstract: Spin systems originated in statistical physics as tools for modeling phase transitions in magnets. However, they have since been used to model complex systems arising in several other fields of study (e.g., in Bayesian inference and in the theory of social networks), so that various computational problems associated with them have received much attention in the literature. A lot of progress in the study of these problems has relied upon ideas from statistical physics; one example of this interplay has been the discovery of tight connections between the computational complexity of these problems and the phenomenon of phase transitions that many spin systems exhibit. Conversely, algorithmic ideas have also helped in the study of the phase transition phenomenon.This thesis presents two lines of work that fit into this theme. The first considers the approximation of the partition function, a pivotal quantity associated with spin systems. Here, we obtain—in various settings—deterministic polynomial time algorithms for approximating the partition function in the so called uniqueness regime, and thus strengthen the algorithmic side of the tight correspondence between phase transitions and the computational complexity of the partition function.The second line of work is concerned with the complexity of exact computation of various natural mean observables of spin systems, e.g., the magnetization in the Ising model. We relate these questions to the location of the complex zeros of the partition function, which have been studied in statistical physics because of their connections to the existence of phase transitions, and have been the subject of various celebrated results (such as the Lee–Yang theorem and the Heilmann–Lieb theorem). By proving a novel extension of the Lee–Yang theorem, we show that the magnetization of the ferromagnetic Ising model is indeed as hard to compute as the partition function (i.e., #P–hard). We also obtain similar results for the monomer–dimer model.
Stability Analysis of Interconnected Nonlinear Systems Under

This paper explores the stability analysis problem for nonlinear systems which have general linear feedback interconnections. Systems are often modeled in this manner in the study of decentralized control because many communication topologies can be modeled and analyzed using connections to graph theory. We present necessary conditions for stability of a classiflcation of interconnected systems, and we give some examples to provide insight into this problem. These conditions are related to positive deflniteness of matrices associated with the feedback interconnection, and specialize to the common case where the Laplacian matrix of a graph represents the communication topology of the system.
Examination of the decomposition of willow (Salix sp.), poplar (Populus sp.), reed (Phragmites australis) and mixed leaf litter with litterbag technique

Leaf litter decomposition is one of the main ecological material cycle processes in waterfront areas. In this microcosm experiment, the rate of decomposition of the most frequently occurring dominant waterside plants were examined in the summer months of 2022 in a class “A” evaporation pan, using litterbag technique. The study provides information about the decomposition dynamics of willow (Salix sp.), poplar (Populus sp.), reed (Phragmites australis) and different leaf litter mixture combinations. Dry mass, exponential decay coefficient and the chemical parameters of the water (pH, conductivity, NH4+, PO43-, SO42-) were determined during the 84 days long experimental period. The weight loss curves showed negative exponential pattern in every case. On average, the different samples lost ~ 57% of their initial dry mass during the experimental period. The largest mass loss was measured in case of poplar (67.2%), while reed leaves had the smallest mass loss (47.25%). Based on the results, it cannot be proven, that mixed leaf litter accelerates the rate of decomposition.
Comprehensive Understanding of the Kinetic Behaviors of Main Protease from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV: New Data and Comparison to Published Parameters

The main protease (Mpro) is a promising drug target for inhibiting the coronavirus due to its conserved properties and lack of homologous genes in humans. However, previous studies on Mpro’s kinetic parameters have been confusing, hindering the selection of accurate inhibitors. Therefore, obtaining a clear view of Mpro’s kinetic parameters is necessary. In our study, we investigated the kinetic behaviors of Mpro from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV using both FRET-based cleavage assay and the LC-MS method, respectively. Our findings indicate that the FRET-based cleavage assay could be used for preliminary screening of Mpro inhibitors, while the LC-MS method should be applied to select the effective inhibitors with higher reliability. Furthermore, we constructed the active site mutants (H41A and C145A) and measured the kinetic parameters to gain a deeper understanding of the atomic-level enzyme efficiency reduction compared to the wild type. Overall, our study provides valuable insights for inhibitor screening and design by offering a comprehensive understanding of Mpro’s kinetic behaviors.
Neuroprotective Role of Klotho on Dementia

Klotho, a gene found on chromosome 13q12, is involved in a variety of processes and signaling pathways in the human body related to vitamin D metabolism; cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and skin diseases; and cancer biology. However, more importantly, it has been linked to beneficial effects related to anti-aging. The levels of soluble Klotho in the blood have been found to decline with age, increasing the risk of age-related diseases. When the Klotho gene was silenced or defective, it caused a shorter lifespan. However, when the gene was overexpressed, it resulted in a longer lifespan. Klotho has positive benefits on the neurological system by causing a higher representation of useful longevity genes, preventing further neuronal damage, and offering neuroprotection. Thus, it has the potential to become a new treatment for many age-related diseases that cause dementia, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of Klotho’s benefits and roles on various organ systems, specifically on nervous system disorders that lead to dementia.