Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Parallelizing Compilers on the Perfect Benchmarks Tm Programs

We have studied the eeectiveness of parallelizing compilers and the underlying transformation techniques. This paper reports the speedups of the Perfect Benchmarks TM codes that result from automatic parallelization. We have further measured the performance gains caused by individual restructuring techniques. Speciic reasons for the successes and failures of the transformations are discussed, and potential improvements that result in measurably better program performance are analyzed. Our most important ndings are that available restructurers often cause insigniicant performance gains in real programs and that only few restructuring techniques contribute to this gain. However, we can also show that there is potential for advancing compiler technology so that many of the most important loops in these programs can be parallelized.
Planar Graphs of Odd-Girth at Least 9 are Homomorphic to the Petersen Graph

Let $G$ be a graph and let $c: V(G)\to\binom{1,\ldots,5}{2}$ be an assignment of $2$-element subsets of the set $1,\ldots,5$ to the vertices of $G$ such that for every edge $vw$, the sets $c(v)$ and $c(w)$ are disjoint. We call such an assignment a $(5,2)$-coloring. A graph is (5,2)-colorable if and only if it has a homomorphism to the Petersen graph. The odd-girth of a graph $G$ is the length of the shortest odd cycle in $G$ ($\infty$ if $G$ is bipartite). We prove that every planar graph of odd-girth at least $9$ is $(5,2)$-colorable, and thus it is homomorphic to the Petersen graph. Also, this implies that such graphs have a fractional chromatic number at most $5\over2$. As a special case, this result holds for planar graphs of girth at least $8$.
Simulations for very early lifecycle quality evaluations

Chung et al. have proposed a graphical model that captures the interdependencies between design alternatives in terms of synergy and trade-offs. This model can assist in identifying quality/risk trade-offs early in the lifecycle of software development, such as architectural design and testing process choices. The Chung et al. method is an analysis framework only: their technique does not include an execution or analysis module. This paper presents a simulation tool developed to analyze such a model, and techniques to facilitate decision making by reducing the space of options worth considering. Our techniques combine Monte Carlo simulations to generate options with a machine learner to determine which option yields the most/least favorable outcome. Experiments based on the above methodology were performed on two case studies, and the results showed that treatment learning successfully pinpointed the key attributes among uncertainties in our test domains. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ALS model-based comparison of Cosmo-SkyMed and TerraSAR-X HS DSMs on varied land forms

Since 2007, the revolutionary X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellites Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) have been collecting high-resolution images that are convenient for digital surface model (DSM) acquisition by the interferometric SAR (InSAR) technique. In this study, the potential of DSMs derived from CSK and TSX high-resolution spotlight (HS) images is thoroughly analysed regarding the basic accuracy metrics absolute vertical accuracy (AVA) and relative vertical accuracy (RVA). Utilising convenient InSAR pairs, 2 m gridded DSMs are generated in Istanbul and validated with model-based comparisons using an actual airborne laser scanning (ALS) DSM. Results show that CSK and TSX DSMs are compatible in open, built-up and forest land forms. The AVAs are between 8 m and 10 m based on standard deviation of height discrepancies against the ALS model. The RVAs, calculated by the coherence of neighbouring pixels for each DSM, are superior to AVAs for both CSK and TSX.
Using Component Metadata to Regression Test Component-based Software *

Increasingly, modern-day software systems are being built by combining externally-developed software components with application-specific code. For such systems, existing program-analysis-based software-engineering techniques may not directly apply, due to lack of information about components. To address this problem, the use of component metadata has been proposed. Component metadata are metadata and metamethods provided with components, that retrieve or calculate information about those components. In particular, two component-metadata-based approaches for regression test selection are described: one using code-based component metadata and the other using specification-based component metadata. The results of empirical studies that illustrate the potential of these techniques to provide savings in re-testing effort are provided. * Based in part on " Using component metacontents to support the regression testing of component-based software " by A.
Evidence for a lipid speciﬁc e V ect in nutrient induced human proximal gastric relaxation

Background/Aim —The presence of lipid in the upper gut is able to modify gastrointestinal motor performance, but its inﬂuence on the relaxation of the human stomach, which is known to modify gastric emptying, remains incompletely understood. The relaxation of the proximal stomach in response to various lipid concentrations was therefore studied in healthy volunteers. Since the observed e V ects could be mediated through osmola-lity or energy sensitive pathways, the e V ects of equicaloric and equiosmolar non-lipid solutions were also determined. Methods —The tone of the proximal stomach was measured during stepwise inﬂa-tion of a non-compliant bag sited in the proximal stomach, both before and after a test meal was delivered intragastrically. Iso-osmolar lipid emulsions were diluted in iso-osmolar saline at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%. NaCl solutions at osmolalities of 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mmol/kg and glucose solutions of 836 and 3344 kJ/l were also given. Results —All lipid meals of 2.5% or greater concentration induced a reduction in gastric tone in a non-dose-dependent manner, responses to 5% lipid (median (range) 74 (62–92)%) being similar to those to 20% lipid (80 (55–83)%; p>0.05). No relaxation was elicited by isocaloric glucose. NaCl only consistently caused relaxation at 2400 mmol/kg. Conclusion —Lipid meals reduce human proximal gastric tone by a lipid speciﬁc mechanism, independently of their energy content or osmolality.
Collaborative operating system and compiler power management for real-time applications

Managing energy consumption has become vitally important to battery-operated portable and embedded systems. Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) reduces the processor's dynamic power consumption quadratically at the expense of linearly decreasing the performance. When reducing energy with DVS for real-time systems, one must consider the performance penalty to ensure that deadlines can be met. In this paper, we introduce a novel collaborative approach between the compiler and the operating system (OS) to reduce energy consumption. We use the compiler to annotate an application's source code with path-dependent information called power-management hints (PMHs). This fine-grained information captures the temporal behavior of the application, which varies by executing different paths. During program execution, the OS periodically changes the processor's frequency and voltage based on the temporal information provided by the PMHs. These speed adaptation points are called power-management points (PMPs). We evaluate our scheme using three embedded applications: a video decoder, automatic target recognition, and a sub-band tuner. Our scheme shows an energy reduction of up to 57% over no power-management and up to 32% over a static power-management scheme. We compare our scheme to other schemes that solely utilize PMPs for power-management and show experimentally that our scheme achieves more energy savings. We also analyze the advantages and disadvantages of our approach relative to another compiler-directed scheme.
Developing urban green spaces for biodiversity: a review

Urban green spaces, which are important for human and wildlife in the urban area, have changed into man-made spaces. Increased urbanisation has had and continues to have a negative impact on urban green spaces, and affects the urban microclimate as represented by ‘Urban Heat Island (UHI)’ phenomena. Especially, habitat fragmentation can be extreme within urban ecosystems, and fragments of natural vegetation may be too small or even too isolated to support some species. Therefore, the networks, which offer habitats and corridors that help conserve biodiversity, are also important to maintain the ecological services of a sustainable urban landscape, as well as total green area. However, there are rarely enough open spaces due to urban densification. This is why rooftops of buildings, which had not previously been regarded as spaces for planting for vegetation, have been utilised as a type of open space, and so green roofing has become one of the gradually developing fields of urban ecological engineering. This present paper aims to explore the potential of rooftops as habitats of urban wildlife comparing cases in Japan and UK, and pave the way for a preservation of urban biodiversity under restricted urban environmental conditions. As a result, it was suggested that Japanese green roof industries consider the concept of brown/biodiverse roofs instead of extensive roofs with sedum or lawn. At the same time, intensive roofs should be efficiently installed to provide ‘stepping stone’ in urban areas not having enough open space. If possible, however, to create habitats on the ground is more preferable than on the rooftop due to accessibility. Finally, if impervious spaces (e.g., concrete and asphalt) are replaced with pervious spaces (e.g., green area or brownfield), it is significant for not only urban biodiversity but also UHI.
My Mobile Music: An Adaptive Personalization System for Digital Audio Players

New information technologies increasingly make it possible for service providers to adaptively personalize their service, fine-tuning the service over time for each individual customer, based on observation of that customer's behavior. We propose an “Adaptive Personalization System” and illustrate its implementation for digital audio players, a product category with rapidly expanding sales. The proposed system automatically downloads personalized playlists of MP3 songs into a consumer's mobile digital audio device and requires little proactive user effort (i.e., no explicit indication of preferences or ratings for songs). The system works in real time and is scalable to the massive data typically encountered in personalization applications. A simulation study shows the Adaptive Personalization System to outperform benchmark approaches. We implemented the Adaptive Personalization System on Palm PDAs and tested its performance with digital audio users. For actual users, the Adaptive Personalization System provides substantial improvements over benchmark approaches both in terms of the number of songs listened to and listening duration.
Beyond Pixels: Illustration with Vector Graphics

This report presents a novel vector rendering pipeline that allows us to easily break the pixel barrier and create high-quality illustrations. Recently, most graphic research has been directed towards rendering pixel images that appear realistic. In contrast, we investigate the generation of vector graphic illustrations using non-photorealistic techniques such as line rendering and Gooch shading. By combining vector output from both shading and line rendering of 3D models we create high-quality illustrations that can directly be used in print reproduction. Our approach uses a vector graphic pipeline that tracks multiple attributes of strokes and uses them for stylization. This allows to have multiple layers of line rendering such as different stroke types or visible and hidden parts of strokes, each treated differently according to specific stylization rules.
The VPN Conjecture Is True

We consider the following network design problem. We are given an undirected graph <i>G</i> = (<i>V</i>,<i>E</i>) with edge costs <i>c</i>(<i>e</i>) and a set of terminal nodes <i>W</i> ⊆ <i>V</i>. A <i>hose</i> demand matrix is any symmetric matrix <i>D</i>, indexed by the terminals, such that for each <i>i</i> ∈ <i>W</i>, ∑<sub>j≠i</sub> <i>D</i><sub>ij</sub> ≤ 1. We must compute the minimum-cost edge capacities that are able to support the oblivious routing of every hose matrix in the network. An <i>oblivious routing</i> template, in this context, is a simple path <i>P</i><sub>ij</sub> for each pair <i>i,j</i> ∈ <i>W</i>. Given such a template, if we are to route a demand matrix <i>D</i>, then for each <i>i,j</i>, we send <i>D</i><sub>ij</sub> units of flow along each <i>P</i><sub>ij</sub>. Fingerhut et al. [1997] and Gupta et al. [2001] obtained a 2-approximation for this problem, using a solution template in the form of a tree. It has been widely asked and subsequently conjectured [Italiano et al. 2006] that this solution actually results in the optimal capacity for the single-path VPN design problem; this has become known as the <i>VPN Conjecture</i>. The conjecture has previously been proven for some restricted classes of graphs [Fingerhut et al. 1997; Fiorini et al. 2007; Grandoni et al. 2008; Hurkens et al. 2007]. Our main theorem establishes that this conjecture is true in general graphs. This also has the implication that the single-path VPN problem is solvable in polynomial time. A natural fractional version of the conjecture had also been proposed [Hurkens et al. 2007]. In this version, the routing may split flow between many paths, in specified proportions. We demonstrate that this multipath version of the conjecture is in fact false. The multipath and single path versions of the VPN problem are essentially direct analogues of the randomized and nonrandomized versions of oblivious routing schemes for minimizing congestion for permutation routing [Borodin and Hopcroft 1982; Valiant 1982].
ApproachData Assessed with a Random Forest Paradox of Multiple Sclerosis: MR Imaging MR Imaging - Overcoming the Clinical

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In MS, the relation between clinical and MR imaging measures is still suboptimal. We assessed the correlation of disability and specific impairment of the clinical functional system with overall and regional CNS damage in a large cohort of patients with MS with different clinical phenotypes by using a random forest approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain conventional MR imaging and DTI were performed in 172 patients with MS and 46 controls. Cervical cord MR imaging was performed in a subgroup of subjects. To evaluate whether MR imaging measures were able to correctly classify impairment in specific clinical domains, we performed a random forest analysis. RESULTS: Between-group differences were found for most of the MR imaging variables, which correlated significantly with clinical measures ( r ranging from (cid:1) 0.57 to 0.55). The random forest analysis showed a high performance in identifying impaired versus unimpaired patients, with a global error between 7% (pyramidal functional system) and 31% (Ambulation Index) in the different outcomes considered. When considering the performance in the unimpaired and impaired groups, the random forest analysis showed a high performance in identifying patients with impaired sensory, cerebellar, and brain stem functions (error below 10%), while it performed poorly in defining impairment of visual and mental systems (error of 91% and 70%, respectively). In analyses with a good level of classification, for most functional systems, damage of the WM fiber bundles subserving their function, measured by using DTI tractography, had the highest classification power. CONCLUSIONS: Random forest analysis, especially if applied to DTI tractography data, is a valuable approach, which might contribute to overcoming the MS clinical (cid:1) MR imaging paradox.
Rg excitation by underground explosions: insights from source modelling the 1997 Kazakhstan depth-of-burial experiment

SUMMARY Near-field seismograms of chemical explosions detonated as part of the 1997 depth-of-burial (DOB) experiment at the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site provide an excellent opportunity to study the excitation of Rg waves for source effects. Rg wave sw ere identified with particle-motion analysis and isolated from other arrivals using group velocity filtering. Amplitude and phase spectra of Rg wave sw ere corrected for path effects based on observed attenuation in the near-field and path-specific phase velocity models. The path-corrected spectra were inputs to a grid-search method for finding source parameters of an axisymmetric source consisting of a monopole plus a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) or a horizontal tensile crack. The suite of observations, including ground-zero accelerograms and geophysical data from borehole logs, are best satisfied by models involving a CLVD with static (zero-frequency) seismic moment Mo. The CLVD source is related to tensile failure occurring at depths above the shotpoint. A static Mo distinguishes this source from classical models of spall, which are usually characterized by horizontal cracks that dynamically open and close with no permanent displacement (i.e. no static Mo). The CLVD source in this study appears to be more closely related to a driven block motion model envisaged by Masse. Rg source amplitudes are consistent with mb(Lg) measurements at station MAK, as would be expected if near-field Rg-to-S scattering plays a role in generating S waves observed at regional distances.
Impact of elevated CO2 on shellfish calcification

Ocean acidification resulting from human emissions of carbon dioxide has already lowered and will further lower surface ocean pH. The consequent decrease in calcium carbonate saturation potentially threatens calcareous marine organisms. Here, we demonstrate that the calcification rates of the edible mussel (Mytilus edulis) and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) decline linearly with increasing pCO2. Mussel and oyster calcification may decrease by 25 and 10%, respectively, by the end of the century, following the IPCC IS92a scenario (∼740 ppmv in 2100). Moreover, mussels dissolve at pCO2 values exceeding a threshold value of ∼1800 ppmv. As these two species are important ecosystem engineers in coastal ecosystems and represent a large part of worldwide aquaculture production, the predicted decrease of calcification in response to ocean acidification will probably have an impact on coastal biodiversity and ecosystem functioning as well as potentially lead to significant economic loss.
Análisis y desarrollo de un canal encubierto en una red de sensores

Este trabajo ha sido sido financiado parcialmente por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion y de la Junta de Andalucia a traves de los proyectos ARES (CSD2007-00004) y FISICCO (P11-TIC-07223), respectivamente.
IDTransformer: Transformer for Intrinsic Image Decomposition

The aim of intrinsic image decomposition (IID) is to recover reflectance and the shading from a given image. As different combinations are possible, IID is an under constrained problem. Previous approaches try to constrain the search space using hand crafted priors. However, these priors are based on strong imaging assumptions and fall short when these do not hold. Deep learning based methods learn the problem end-to-end from the data. But these networks lack any explicit information about the image formation model.In this paper, an IID transformer approach (IDTransformer) is proposed by learning photometric invariant attention, derived from the image formation model, integrated in the transformer framework. The combination of invariant features in both a global and local setting allows the network to not only learn reflectance transitions, but also to group similar reflectance regions, irrespective of the spatial arrangement. Illumination and geometry invariant attention is exploited to generate the reflectance map, while illumination invariant and geometry variant attention is used to compute the shading map.Enabling physics-based explicit attention allows the network to be trained on a relatively small dataset. Ablation studies show that adding invariant attention improves the performance. Experiments on the Intrinsic In the Wild dataset shows competitive results with competing methods. The project page with the code is available at https://morpheus3000.github. io/IDTransformer.web/.
CRACKING THE NEURAL CODE OF RURAL PEOPLE REGARDING MOBILE PHONE USAGE PATTERNS IN KARNATAKA: A CASE STUDY OF HASSAN DISTRICT KRISHNA KISHORE SV & DR. ALOYSIUS HENRY SEQUEIRA

The causal relationship between government revenue and its expenditure is an important topic in public finance literature. It is well known that fiscal policy is basically revenue generating policy of the government and the government finances its expenditures on the basis of the fiscal policy. The purpose of the study is to examine the causal relationship between these fiscal variables over the period 1966-2007 and to identify the structural changes in the estimated causal relationship in Singapore. The unit root test shows that the dataset are non-stationary at their level. The Engel-Granger Two Step Method exhibits that the residuals are non-stationary which implies no cointegration between the concerned variables. The causality test through Vector Autoregressive Model reports that Tax-and-Spend principle is observed over the span of 42 years. The Chow Test for structural change shows two structural breaks in year 1987 and 1997. Fiscal neutrality principle is observed in the first sub-period 1966-1986, uni-directional causality running from revenue to expenditure exists in the second subperiod 1987-1997 and the third sub-period 1998-2007 is marked by presence of Tax-and-Spend principle. The causal relationship between revenue and expenditure is not the same in different sub-periods. The policy implication of these findings suggests that the estimated causal relationship with historical dataset may not provide reliable guideline for constituting fiscal policy from the end of the government.
A STUDY ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF KAREEN COMMUNITY AT MAYABUNDER OF NORTH ANDAMAN DISTRICT, ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLAND.

The researcher finds that they have enormous number of socio-economic problems in Kareen community of North Andaman Districts The researcher analysied that there was lack of governmental comprehensive policies. There is lack of infrastructure like connecting roads, irrigation facilities for farmers, community centres etc for their socio-economic development. The objective of this research is to evaluate the current socio-economic status of Karen community at North Andaman Islands which will helps to anticipate various welfare programme for the empowerment of the community. To know the socio-economic status of Karen community of North Andaman Districts. The scale of this research and the extent of data needed to have required a combination of primary and secondary data sources, using both quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques.The data collected is systematically analyzed in order to probe into the implications of the data to arrive at some general truth on the subject. The researcher analysied that there was lack of governmental comprehensive policies. There is lack of infrastructure like connecting roads, irrigation facilities for farmers, community centres etc for their socio-economic development. There is no governmental educational support for this community. Due to unavailability of drinking water source at summer, they had sickbed due to unhygienic drinking water. There is no allotment at revenue land for those karens who have been living in the forest land. Most of the people depend upon sea for their livelihood through traditional trade of fishing without any navigation aids. As a result, their economic status is poor.