Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-Frequency Direction of Arrival Estimation by Low-Rank Approximation

We consider the problem of estimating the location of a number of wave-emitting sources, known as the direction of arrival problem. We consider both the two- and three-dimensional case. The method we use works for equally as well as unequally spaced sensors, that are located in (possibly) non-square regions. In the case of wideband signals we show how measurements from multiple frequencies can be used to improve the estimation. To make the direction of arrival estimation we formulate a low-rank optimization problem over so called Hankel matrices. The low-rank optimization problem is solved by a recent fixed-point algorithm, which is based on convex optimization. We also show how a function that is a sum of plane waves can be reconstructed from sparse measurements, once the directions of the waves have been estimated. We test the methods by numerical simulations. The improved performance when using multiple frequencies is clearly demonstrated in one of the examples. (Less)
Comparison of 3D‐Var and 4D‐Var data assimilation in an NWP‐based system for precipitation nowcasting at the Met Office

A high‐resolution demonstration Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) nowcasting system was developed and run in real time at the Met Office for the prediction of precipitation on a domain covering southern England and Wales. The hourly cycling nowcasting system, known as NDP (Nowcasting Demonstration Project), combined a 3 km resolution 4D‐Variational data assimilation (4D‐Var) and a 1.5 km resolution version of the Met Office Unified Model (UM) to provide hourly NWP analyses and forecasts for a period of 0–6 h. Central to the NDP was the rapid updating cycling and its timely delivery of analyses and forecasts using the latest conventional and sub‐hourly novel observations. In this article the benefits of using 4D‐Var assimilation compared to First Guess at Appropriate Time (FGAT) 3D‐Variational assimilation (3D‐Var) on forecasts of precipitation are considered by comparing model forecasts with radar‐derived hourly surface accumulations for the period of June 2012, using an objective, scale‐dependent verification scheme. It is shown that 4D‐Var assimilation has a positive impact on precipitation forecasting skills compared to the corresponding 3D‐Var assimilation for the whole nowcast period [T + 0, T + 6]. The 4D‐Var assimilation system produced forecasts with greater spatial accuracy and longer lead times with acceptable skill. By comparing 3D‐Var FGAT using sub‐hourly observations with 3D‐Var FGAT using only the observations closest to the analysis time, the sub‐hourly observations are seen to be beneficial in the hourly cycling convective‐scale system in both 3D‐Var FGAT and 4D‐Var. The forecast clearly benefitted from the use of extra, higher time frequency observations in both 3D‐Var and 4D‐Var.
Graph Drawing by Weighted Constraint Relaxation

A popular method of force-directed graph drawing is multidimensional scaling using graph-theoretic distances as input. We present an algorithm to minimize its energy function, known as stress, by using a relaxation method that considers a single pair of vertices at a time. Our results show that relaxation can reach lower stress levels faster and more consistently than majorization, without needing help from a good initialization. We then present various real-world applications to show how the unique properties of relaxation make it easier to produce constrained layouts than previous approaches. We also show how relaxation can be directly applied within the sparse stress approximation of Ortmann et al. [1], making the algorithm scalable up to large graphs.
EFFECT OF ROBOTIC TILT TABLE VERS US CONVENTIONAL EXERCIS ES ON REHABILITATION OUTCOME IN STROKE PATIENTS: A FOLLOW UP STUDY.

Suraj Kumar 1 , Ramakant Yadav 2 and Aafreen 3 . 1. Associate Professor and Head, Department of Physiotherapy, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, UP, India . 2. Professor and Head, Department of Neurology, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, UP, India . 3. Senior Research Fellow, Department of Physiotherapy, UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah, UP, India . Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History Received: 09 September 2018 Final Accepted: 11 October 2018 Published: November 2018
Detection of honeycomb cell walls from measurement data based on Harris corner detection algorithm

A honeycomb core is a discontinuous material with a thin-wall structure—a characteristic that makes accurate surface measurement difficult. This paper presents a cell wall detection method based on the Harris corner detection algorithm using laser measurement data. The vertexes of honeycomb cores are recognized with two different methods: one method is the reduction of data density, and the other is the optimization of the threshold of the Harris corner detection algorithm. Each cell wall is then identified in accordance with the neighboring relationships of its vertexes. Experiments were carried out for different types and surface shapes of honeycomb cores, where the proposed method was proved effective in dealing with noise due to burrs and/or deformation of cell walls.
Robustness to In-Domain Viscous Damping of a Collocated Boundary Adaptive Feedback Law for an Antidamped Boundary Wave PDE

In this paper, the robustness to model mismatch of a preexisting collocated boundary adaptive feedback law is investigated. This control law was originally designed for an antidamped pure wave partial differential equation (PDE). Actuation and measurements are located at the same boundary. Adaptive terms account for uncertain parameters located at the antidamped boundary, opposite to the collocated actuation and measurement. By extending and transforming the system state using, in particular, backstepping, this paper establishes that this controller is robust to sufficiently small in-domain damping. In particular, both stability and attractivity (convergence) are established similarly as in the nominal case. Note moreover that, assuming that some parameters are known, the exponential stability to an attractor holds. Simulations are performed to illustrate the interest of this study to attenuate mechanical vibrations in an oil-drilling context.
Transfer Learning for P300 Brain-Computer Interfaces by Joint Alignment of Feature Vectors

This article presents a new transfer learning method named group learning, that jointly aligns multiple domains (many-to-many) and an extension named fast alignment that aligns any further domain to previously aligned group of domains (many-to-one). The proposed group alignment algorithm (GALIA) is evaluated on brain-computer interface (BCI) data and optimal hyper-parameter values of the algorithm are studied for classification performance and computational cost. Six publicly available P300 databases comprising 333 sessions from 177 subjects are used. As compared to the conventional subject-specific train/test pipeline, both group learning and fast alignment significantly improve the classification accuracy except for the database with clinical subjects (average improvement: 2.12±1.88%). GALIA utilizes cyclic approximate joint diagonalization (AJD) to find a set of linear transformations, one for each domain, jointly aligning the feature vectors of all domains. Group learning achieves a many-to-many transfer learning without compromising the classification performance on non-clinical BCI data. Fast alignment further extends the group learning for any unseen domains, allowing a many-to-one transfer learning with the same properties. The former method creates a single machine learning model using data from previous subjects and/or sessions, whereas the latter exploits the trained model for an unseen domain requiring no further training of the classifier.
SAW Filters on LiNbO3/SiC Heterostructure for 5G n77 and n78 Band Applications

The 5G communication system has experienced a substantial expansion of the spectrum, which poses higher requirements to radio frequency (RF) filters in enhancing their operating frequencies and bandwidths. To this end, this work focused on solving the filtering scheme for challenging 5G n77 and n78 bands and successfully implemented the corresponding spurious-free surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters exploiting large-coupling shear horizontal (SH) modes based on X-cut LiNbO3 (LN)/silicon carbide (SiC) heterostructure. Here, we initially investigated the suppression methods for spurious modes theoretically and experimentally and summarized an effective normalized LN thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${h}_{\text {LN}}/\lambda {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> range of 0.15–0.30 for mitigating Rayleigh modes and higher order modes, as well as tilted interdigital transducers (IDT) by about 24° for eliminating transverse modes. Resonators with wavelengths (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda {)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> from 0.95 to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> were also fabricated, showing a scalable resonance from 2.48 to 4.21 GHz without any in-band ripple. Two filters completely meeting 5G n77 and n78 full bands were finally constructed, showing center frequencies (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f}_{c}{)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 3763 and 3560 MHz, 3-dB fractional bandwidths (FBW) of 24.8% and 15.6%, and out-of-band (OoB) rejections of 18.7 and 28.1 dB, respectively. This work reveals that X-LN/SiC heterostructure is a promising underpinning material for SAW filters in 5G commercial applications.
Hippocampal phase precession is preserved under ketamine, but the range of precession across a theta cycle is reduced

Background: Hippocampal phase precession, which depends on the precise spike timing of place cells relative to local theta oscillations, has been proposed to underlie sequential memory. N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) receptor antagonists such as ketamine disrupt memory and also reproduce several schizophrenia-like symptoms, including spatial memory impairments and disorganized cognition. It is possible that these impairments result from disruptions to phase precession. Aims/methods: We used an ABA design to test whether an acute, subanesthetic dose (7.5 mg/kg) of ketamine disrupted phase precession in CA1 of male rats as they navigated around a rectangular track for a food reward. Results/outcomes: Ketamine did not affect the ability of CA1 place cells to precess despite changes to place cell firing rates, local field potential properties and locomotor speed. However, ketamine reduced the range of phase precession that occurred across a theta cycle. Conclusion: Phase precession is largely robust to acute NMDA receptor antagonism by ketamine, but the reduced range of precession could have important implications for learning and memory.
High power double-scale pulses from a gain-guided double-clad fiber laser

Generation of high power double-scale pulses from a gain-guided double-clad fiber laser is experimentally demonstrated. By employing the Yb-doped 10/130 double-clad fiber as the gain medium, the laser realizes an output power of 5.1 W and pulse energy of 0.175 µJ at repetition rate of 29.14 MHz. To the best of our knowledge, this average output power is the highest among the reported double-scale pulse oscillators. The autocorrelation trace of pulses contains the short (98 fs) and long (29.5 ps) components, and the spectral bandwidth of the pulse is 27.3 nm. Such double-scale pulses are well suited for seeding the high power MOPA (master oscillator power amplifier) systems, nonlinear frequency conversion and optical coherence tomography.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Mpox among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Japan, January–March 2023

We prospectively assessed asymptomatic monkeypox virus infections among men who have sex with men in Tokyo, Japan, during the initial phase of the mpox epidemic. Our findings suggest that asymptomatic infections were likely underestimated and were comparable in magnitude to symptomatic infections, highlighting the need to improve testing accessibility among high-risk populations.
A Review of Ultrasound Neuromodulation Technologies

The invasiveness of neuromodulation technologies that require surgical implantation (e.g., electrical and optical stimulation) may limit their clinical application. Thus, alternative technologies that offer similar benefits without surgery are of paramount importance in the field of neuromodulation. Low-intensity ultrasound is an emerging modality for neural stimulation as ultrasound can be focused in deep tissues with millimeter resolution. Transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS) has already been demonstrated in a wide range of animals and even humans at different sonication frequencies (mostly in the sub-MHz range due to the presence of the skull). This article first provides some fundamental knowledge in ultrasound, and then reviews various examples of successful tFUS experiments in animals and humans using different stimulation patterns, as well as available tFUS technologies for generating, focusing, and steering ultrasound beams in neural tissues. In particular, phased array technologies for the ultrasound stimulation application are discussed with an emphasis on the design, fabrication, and integration of ultrasound transducer arrays as well as the design and development of phased array electronics with beamformer and high-voltage driver circuitry. The challenges in tFUS, such as its underlying mechanism, indirect auditory response, and skull aberration effects, are also discussed.
Living with sibling’ drug use. Bereaved siblings’ family stories

ABSTRACT Family members’ problematic drug use is challenging for siblings affecting their well-being and their relationships within the family. Research about siblings living with brothers or sisters’ problematic drug use and research on bereaved siblings’ experiences indicates that life situations and support needs for both minor siblings and adult siblings can easily be overlooked, both in practice and in research. This article contributes to this knowledge gap by examining how siblings provide meaning to their sibling’s drug use problem and how they position themselves and other family members accordingly. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and fourteen bereaved siblings were interviewed. A narrative thematic analysis was chosen, and four themes were generated. These four themes, (1) Surviving difficult family life, (2) The relationships in continuous change, (3) It’s worse for the parents, and (4) “We”, as a synonym for the family, are presented in this article. Our findings demonstrated how complex and multifaceted siblings’ stories about living with their brothers or sisters’ ongoing drug use are. This study calls for more attention to siblings’ situations. Siblings’ lives are affected by their brothers or sisters’ problems, and siblings should also be involved in routine support and treatment practices.
Enhancing Fingertip Tactile Sensitivity by Vibrotactile Noise and Cooling Skin Temperature Effect

This article discusses a method to enhance fingertip tactile sensitivity by applying a vibrotactile noise at the wrist. This is an application of stochastic resonance to the field of haptics. We consider that the tactile sensitivity of the fingertip improves when a sufficiently large noise is propagated to it from the wrist. However, fingertip tactile sensitivity decreases when a large noise that humans can perceive is applied to the wrist. Therefore, in this article, we cool the wrist skin to reduce the wrist's tactile sensitivity to noise. This allows us to apply noise that is large, but still imperceptible, at the wrist and thus to propagate it to the fingertip. On the basis of these procedures, we propose a method to enhance fingertip tactile sensitivity. Further, we carry out several experiments and confirm that the proposed method improves fingertip tactile sensitivity.
Observing ion diffusion and reciprocating hopping motion in water

When an ionic crystal dissolves in solvent, the positive and negative ions associated with solvent molecules release from the crystal. However, the existing form, interaction, and dynamics of ions in real solution are poorly understood because of the substantial experimental challenge. We observed the diffusion and aggregation of polyoxometalate (POM) ions in water by using liquid phase transmission electron microscopy. Real-time observation reveals an unexpected local reciprocating hopping motion of the ions in water, which may be caused by the short-range polymerized bridge of water molecules. We find that ion oligomers, existing as highly active clusters, undergo frequent splitting, aggregation, and rearrangement in dilute solution. The formation and dissociation of ion oligomers indicate a weak counterion-mediated interaction. Furthermore, POM ions with tetrahedral geometry show directional interaction compared with spherical ions, which presents structure-dependent dynamics.
Spectral Features from Dark Matter Annihilations and Decays in Indirect Searches

In this thesis we study positron and gamma-ray spectral features from dark matter annihilations and decays. Using AMS-02 data we derive for the first time stringent and robust model-independent constraints on the dark matter parameters from the positron flux. Furthermore we consider three different types of gamma-ray spectral features: gamma-ray lines, internal bremsstrahlung and gamma-ray boxes. To this end we compute projected dark matter constraints for the future experiments CTA and HERD and make use of current measurements from the H.E. S.S. telescope.
AMPKγ3 Controls Muscle Glucose Uptake in Recovery From Exercise to Recapture Energy Stores

Exercise increases muscle glucose uptake independently of insulin signaling and represents a cornerstone for the prevention of metabolic disorders. Pharmacological activation of the exercise-responsive AMPK in skeletal muscle has been proven successful as a therapeutic approach to treat metabolic disorders by improving glucose homeostasis through the regulation of muscle glucose uptake. However, conflicting observations cloud the proposed role of AMPK as a necessary regulator of muscle glucose uptake during exercise. We show that glucose uptake increases in human skeletal muscle in the absence of AMPK activation during exercise and that exercise-stimulated AMPKγ3 activity strongly correlates to muscle glucose uptake in the postexercise period. In AMPKγ3-deficient mice, muscle glucose uptake is normally regulated during exercise and contractions but impaired in the recovery period from these stimuli. Impaired glucose uptake in recovery from exercise and contractions is associated with a lower glucose extraction, which can be explained by a diminished permeability to glucose and abundance of GLUT4 at the muscle plasma membrane. As a result, AMPKγ3 deficiency impairs muscle glycogen resynthesis following exercise. These results identify a physiological function of the AMPKγ3 complex in human and rodent skeletal muscle that regulates glucose uptake in recovery from exercise to recapture muscle energy stores. Article Highlights Exercise-induced activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle has been proposed to regulate muscle glucose uptake in recovery from exercise. This study investigated whether the muscle-specific AMPKγ3-associated heterotrimeric complex was involved in regulating muscle glucose metabolism in recovery from exercise. The findings support that exercise-induced activation of the AMPKγ3 complex in human and mouse skeletal muscle enhances glucose uptake in recovery from exercise via increased translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. This work uncovers the physiological role of the AMPKγ3 complex in regulating muscle glucose uptake that favors replenishment of the muscle cellular energy stores.
Effects of running a marathon on sclerostin and parathyroid hormone concentration in males aged over 50

ABSTRACT The aim of our study was to verify whether running a marathon (32nd Wroclaw Marathon) was associated with changes in sclerostin and intact PTH (iPTH) concentration in middle-aged males. We enrolled 33 males who completed the marathon race. Blood samples were taken 60 minutes before (V1), immediately after (V2), and 7 days after the run (V3). The mean serum sclerostin concentration was 42.4 ± 10.8 pmol/L at V1, increased to 62.9 ± 12.6 pmol/L at V2 (t= −11.206; p < 0.001) and returned to baseline in V3 (t = 8.344; p < 0.001, V3 vs. V2). A similar trend was recorded for iPTH (t= −7.440; p < 0.001, for V2 vs. V1; t = 6.229; p < 0.001, for V3 vs. V2), at V3, iPTH levels remained significantly higher than V1 (t= −2.759; p = 0.010). The results of our study suggest that, in middle-aged males, running a marathon affects skeletal metabolism by activating two counteracting mechanisms, although temporarily overlapping: first, by a sudden inhibition of bone formation, through induction sclerostin expression and, secondly, by a long-lasting induction of PTH, which also guarantees the maintenance of adequate circulating levels of calcium. The net effect would be the maintenance of adequately high levels of circulating calcium to be used for neuromuscular activity and muscle contraction.
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors: preclinical and early-phase breakthroughs for impotence treatments

ABSTRACT Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that affects millions of men worldwide and is characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection for satisfactory sexual performance. There are numerous treatment options for ED, including medications, mechanical assist devices, and surgical management; however, first-line treatment is usually a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. There is a growing interest in developing novel, efficacious PDE5 inhibitors that provide better quality, safety, and tolerability profiles with less adverse effects. Our review of udenafil, mirodenafil, youkenafil, lodenafil, and SLx-2101 analyzes the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic properties of these new ED drugs. Areas covered Clinical trials demonstrated improved scores in questionnaires, such as the International Index of Erectile Function and Sexual Encounter Profile, for udenafil, mirodenafil, and lodenafil, while youkenafil and SLx-2101 revealed enhanced safety and tolerability in early pharmacokinetic studies. Expert opinion It is our opinion that more robust clinical trials are required before these medications can be made available in the United States. Additionally, the field of urology may benefit from pursuing other avenues of pharmacotherapy, such as injections, tablets with a different mechanism of action, or stem cell therapy, to restore the integrity of the endothelium within the penis.
Copulae and tail dependence

This thesis presents the concept of tail dependence in a financial context as one tool to measure dependence in the extremes of a bivariate distribution. Copulae can separate the problem of estimating a multidimensional distribution into the estimation of the marginal distributions and the dependence between the onedimensional random variables. Therefore, copulae are used in order to carry out the estimation of the tail dependence coefficient (TDC). Four estimators of the TDC are presented and compared in a simulation study for various distributions and copulae. Furthermore, an introduction into bivariate Extreme Value Theory (EVT) is given, which tries precisely to analyze the behavior at the tail of a bivariate distribution. EVT allows to construct estimators of the TDC and to derive a test for tail independence, which is recognized to be indispensable but rarely utilized in a financial context. As an application to nine different financial data sets shows, the phenomenon of tail dependence is less common than often argued in the literature: the periods where indeed tail independence can be rejected are few.