Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface Energy Balance of the NCEP MRF and NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis in Antarctic Latitudes during FROST

Abstract The surface energy budget in Antarctic latitudes is evaluated for the medium-range numerical weather forecasts produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and for the NCEP–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis project during the winter, spring, and summer special observing periods (SOPs) of the Antarctic First Regional Observing Study of Troposphere project. A significant change in the energy balance resulted from an extensive model update beginning with the forecasts initialized on 11 January 1995 during the summer SOP. Both the forecasts and the reanalysis include significant errors in the surface energy balance over Antarctica. The errors often tend to cancel and thus produce reasonable surface temperature fields. General errors include downward longwave radiation about 30–50 W m−2 too small. Lower than observed cloudiness contributes to this error and to excessive downward shortwave radiation at the surface. The model albedo over Antarctica, about 75%, i.
Star formation in protogalactic gas cloud collisions

The conditions under which gas cloud collisions can induce star formation in protogalaxies or young galaxies are discussed. The specific case of fast collisions between metal-free, warm, atomic gas clouds has an enhanced chance of inducing star formation as a result of H/sub 2/ molecule formation and molecular cooling. This case is an exception to the rule that fast (>>Mach 1) isothermal cloud collisions lead to cloud disruption. Subject headings: galaxies: formation: stars: formation: hydrodynamics
Maximizing Riesz means of anisotropic harmonic oscillators

We consider problems related to the asymptotic minimization of eigenvalues of anisotropic harmonic oscillators in the plane. In particular we study Riesz means of the eigenvalues and the trace of the corresponding heat kernels. The eigenvalue minimization problem can be reformulated as a lattice point problem where one wishes to maximize the number of points of $(\mathbb{N}-\tfrac12)\times(\mathbb{N}-\tfrac12)$ inside triangles with vertices $(0, 0), (0, \lambda \sqrt{\beta})$ and $(\lambda/{\sqrt{\beta}}, 0)$ with respect to $\beta>0$, for fixed $\lambda\geq 0$. This lattice point formulation of the problem naturally leads to a family of generalized problems where one instead considers the shifted lattice $(\mathbb{N}+\sigma)\times(\mathbb{N}+\tau)$, for $\sigma, \tau >-1$. We show that the nature of these problems are rather different depending on the shift parameters, and in particular that the problem corresponding to harmonic oscillators, $\sigma=\tau=-\tfrac12$, is a critical case.
Characterization of qutrit channels in terms of their covariance and symmetry properties

We characterize the completely positive trace-preserving maps on qutrits (qutrit channels) according to their covariance and symmetry properties. Both discrete and continuous groups are considered. It is shown how each symmetry group restricts arbitrariness in the parameters of the channel to a very small set. Although the explicit examples are related to qutrit channels, the formalism is sufficiently general to be applied to qudit channels.
Stabilization of Underactuated Mechanical Systems with Time-Varying Uncertainty using Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode

In this paper, the control problem for underactuated systems in the presence of external disturbances and model uncertainties is considered. An adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller (AFSMC) is proposed to solve the problem, satisfying the robustness properties against uncertainties and disturbances. The designed controller can be applied to a wide class of underactuated systems and have fewer restrictions, compared with many pervious works. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, it is applied to an underactuated inverted pendulum and a Translational Oscillator/Rotational Actuator (TORA) system with two degrees of freedom. The simulations are also demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Quantum localization through interference on homoclinic and heteroclinic circuits

Localization effects due to scarring constitute one of the clearest indications of the relevance of interference in the transport of quantum probability density along quantized closed circuits in phase space. The corresponding path can be obvious, such as the scarring periodic orbit (PO) itself which produces time recurrences at multiples of the period. However, there are others more elaborate which only close asymptotically, for example, those associated with homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits. In this paper, we demonstrate that these circuits are also able to produce recurrences but at (semiclassically) longer times, of the order of the Ehrenfest time. The most striking manifestation of this phenomenon is the accumulation of quantum probability density along the corresponding circuits. The discussion is illustrated with an example corresponding to a typical PO of the quartic two-dimensional oscillator.
Scale Invariant Feature transform based Fingerprint Corepoint Detection

The detection of singular points (core and delta) accurately and reliably is very important for classification and matching of fingerprints. This paper presents a new approach for core point detection based on scale invariant feature transform (SIFT). Firstly, SIFT points are extracted ,then reliability and ridge frequency criteria are applied to reduce the candidate points required to make a decision on the core point. Finally a suitable mask is applied to detect an accurate core point. Experiments on FVC2002 and FVC2004 databases show that our approach locates a unique reference point with high accuracy. Results of our approach are compared with those of the existing methods in terms of accuracy of core point detection. Defence Science Journal, 2013, 63(4), pp.402 -407 , DOI:http://dx.doi. org/10.14429/dsj.63. 2708
On q-non-extensive statistics with non-Tsallisian entropy ”

Recently, in [P. Jizba and J. Korbel, Physica A 444, 2016, 808827], four generalized Shannon-Khinchin [GSK] axioms have been proposed and a generalized entropy which uniquely satisfies the GSK axioms has been derived. In this comment, we show that the unique class of the entropies derived in the aforementioned paper is not correct, as it violates the fourth GSK axiom, and we derive the correct one. Nevertheless, the class of entropies proposed in the commented paper still can serve as a basis for generalized statistical mechanics. We propose a new axiomatic system which characterizes the class of entropies.
Induced polyploidization in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

The significance of polyploidy in the evolutionary process of plants history is well documented. In this concern, seed priming with colchicine as well as the cotton-swab method for polyploidy induction in plants becomes much acquainted in cytogenetic study. The aim of present study was to achieve chromosomal doubling by the application of colchicine to apical meristem of young seedlings. The young seedlings were treated with three different concentrations of colchicine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) for durations of 12, 24 and 36 h each. The colchiploidy with highest proportion approximately 50% with 2n=4x=32 was found at 0.2% concentration for 24 and 36 h. Autotetraploid enduring plants were identified with morphological and cytological variations such as thickness of leaf, larger stomata with low density, larger pollen, large flower etc. Buds were selected from these plants for the cytological study. Cytological analysis including chromosome counting demonstrated that the chromosome number was doubled. The confirmation of autotetraploid plants was achieved by this technique. Tetraploid plants were grown up to maturity and the harvested seeds were sown to establish the second generation which may be used in future breeding programme
Optimality of robust disturbance‐feedback strategies

In this paper, robust disturbance‐feedback strategies for finite time‐horizon problems are studied. Linear discrete‐time systems subject to linear control, state constraints, and quadratic objective functions are considered. In addition, persistent disturbances, which enter the system additively and are contained in a polytopic set, act on the system. The synthesis of robust strategies leads in the case of the traditional robust state‐feedback and open‐loop min–max strategies to, respectively, nonconvex problems or conservatism. However, robust disturbance‐feedback problems can easily be reformulated as convex problems and solved by tractable linear matrix inequalities. Hence this approach bypasses the nonconvexity issue while maintaining the advantages of feedback strategies. As a key result, it is shown that both sources of conservatism attributed to this approach, namely, the relaxation method and the affine parametrization, can be removed at the expense of an increase in computational effort. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BAXTER EQUATIONS AND DEFORMATION OF ABELIAN DIFFERENTIALS

In this paper the proofs are given of important properties of deformed Abelian differentials introduced earlier in connection with quantum integrable systems. The starting point of the construction is the Baxter equation. In particular, we prove the Riemann bilinear relation. The duality plays an important role in our consideration. The classical limit is considered in details.
Interior penalty finite element approximation of Navier-Stokes equations and application to free surface flows

In the present work, we investigate mathematical and numerical aspects of interior penalty finite element methods for free surface flows. We consider the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with variable density and viscosity, combined with a front capturing model using the level set method. We formulate interior penalty finite element methods for both the Navier-Stokes equations and the level set advection equation. For the two-fluid Stokes equations, we propose and analyze an unfitted finite element scheme with interior penalty. Optimal a priori error estimates for the velocity and the pressure are proved in the energy norm. A preconditioning strategy with adaptive reuse of incomplete factorizations as preconditioners for Krylov subspace methods is introduced and applied for solving the linear systems. Different and complementary solutions for reducing the matrix assembly time and the memory consumption are proposed and tested, each of which is applicable in general in the context of either multiphase flow or interior penalty stabilization. As level set reinitialization method, we apply a combination of the interface local projection and a fast marching scheme. We provide for the latter a reformulation of the distance computation algorithm on unstructured simplicial meshes in any spatial dimension, allowing for both an efficient implementation and geometric insight. We present and discuss numerical solutions of reference problems for the one-fluid Navier-Stokes equations and for the level set advection problem. Solutions of benchmark problems in two and three dimensions involving one or two fluids are then approximated, and the results are compared to literature values. Finally, we describe software design techniques and abstractions for the efficient and general implementation of the applied methods.
Free energy of bipartite spherical Sherrington–Kirkpatrick model

We consider the free energy of the bipartite spherical Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model. We find the critical temperature and prove the limiting free energy for all non-critical temperature. We also show that the law of the fluctuation of the free energy converges to the Gaussian distribution when the temperature is above the critical temperature, and to the GOE Tracy--Widom distribution when the temperature is below the critical temperature. The result is universal, and the analysis is applicable to a more general setting including the case where the disorders are non-identically distributed.
Ketone Bodies as Metabolites and Signalling Molecules at the Crossroad between Inflammation and Epigenetic Control of Cardiometabolic Disorders

For many years, it has been clear that a Western diet rich in saturated fats and sugars promotes an inflammatory environment predisposing a person to chronic cardiometabolic diseases. In parallel, the emergence of ketogenic diets, deprived of carbohydrates and promoting the synthesis of ketone bodies imitating the metabolic effects of fasting, has been shown to provide a possible nutritional solution to alleviating diseases triggered by an inflammatory environment. The main ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), acts as an alternative fuel, and also as a substrate for a novel histone post-translational modification, β-hydroxybutyrylation. β-hydroxybutyrylation influences the state of chromatin architecture and promotes the transcription of multiple genes. BHB has also been shown to modulate inflammation in chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss, in the pathological context of cardiovascular risks, the current understanding of how ketone bodies, or a ketogenic diet, are able to modulate, trigger, or inhibit inflammation and how the epigenome and chromatin remodeling may be a key contributor.
A novel approach to the Lindel\"of hypothesis.

Lindel{o}f's hypothesis, one of the most important open problems in the history of mathematics, states that for large $t$, Riemann's zeta function $\zeta(1/2+it)$ is of order $O(t^{\varepsilon})$ for any $\varepsilon>0$ . It is well known that for large $t$, the leading order asymptotics of the Riemann zeta function can be expressed in terms of a transcendental exponential sum. The usual approach to the Lindelof hypothesis involves the use of ingenious techniques for the estimation of this sum. However, since such estimates can not yield an asymptotic formula for the above sum, it appears that this strategy cannot lead to the proof of Lindelof's hypothesis. Here, a completely different approach is introduced. In particular, a novel linear integral equation is derived for $|\zeta(\sigma+it)|^2, \ 0<\sigma<1$ whose asymptotic analysis yields asymptotic results for a certain Riemann zeta-type double exponential sum. This sum has the same structure as the sum describing the leading asymptotics of $|\zeta(\sigma+it)|^2$, namely it involves $m_1^{-\sigma-it}m_2^{-\sigma-it}$, but its summation limits are different than those of the sum corresponding to $|\zeta(\sigma+it)|^2$. The analysis of the above integral equation requires the asymptotic estimation of four different integrals denoted by $I_1,I_2,\tilde{I}_3,\tilde{I}_4$, as well as the derivation of an exact relation between certain double exponential sums. Here, the latter relation is derived, and also the rigorous analysis of the first two integrals $I_1$ and $I_2$ is presented. For the remaining two integrals, formal results are only derived that suggest a possible roadmap for the derivation of rigorous asymptotic results of the above double exponential sum, as well as for other sums associated with $|\zeta(\sigma+it)|^2$. Additional developments suggested by the above novel approach are also discussed.
Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation - a review

Abstract Observational aspects of the 40–50-day oscillation are reviewed. The oscillation is the result of large-scale circulation cells oriented in the equatorial plane that move eastward from at least the Indian Ocean to the central Pacific. Anomalies in zonal winds and the velocity potential in the upper troposphere often propagate the full circumference of the globe. Related, complex convective regions also show an eastward movement. There is a zonally symmetric component to the oscillation. It is manifest in changes in surface pressure and in the relative atmospheric angular momentum. The oscillation is an important factor in the timing of active and break phases of the Indian and Australian monsoons. It affects ocean waves, currents, and air-sea interaction. The oscillation was particularly active during the First GARP (Global Atmospheric Research Program) Global Experiment year, and some features that were evident during the Monsoon Experiment are described.
Association of Mutations in The NPHS2 Gene and Nephrotic Syndrome in Children and Adults in Middle East

Background: Limited and contradictory pharmacogenetic studies of NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism in nephrotic syndrome (NS) children and adults of different ethnicities steered us to investigate the genotype frequency and associated risk of this polymorphism in Middle East NS children and adults. Objectives: The present work aimed to study the effect of NPHS2 R229Q genetic variations on the susceptibility to idiopathic NS and the treatment response in NS children and adults from Assiut University and major Kuwait Hospitals . Patients and methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted which comprised a total of 100 idiopathic NS patients (30 children and 70 adults). Mutation analysis was carried out by Taqman allele discrimination of the NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism (rs61747728) using specific primers and probes. Results: The results indicate the presence of R229Q polymorphism in 9% of our patients. Moreover, R229Q variant in Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) adults was observed in a single heterozygous form. A total of 100 patients were genotyped for the variant rs61747728. Ninety-one percent of patients carry the CC genotype (Homozygous), in addition only 9% were carriers of the CT genotype (Heterozygous), whereas no patients were carrying the TT genotype. The minor allele (T) frequency was 0.045, whereas the major allele (C) frequency was 0.955 in our population. Conclusion: NPHS2 p.R229Q plays an important role in enhancing the susceptibility of minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis/steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (FSGS/SRNS), especially in Middle East population and age of late-onset patients. We recommend to screen for p.R229Q polymorphism in the diagnosis of SRNS among our population.
Irradiation-induced defects in Ge studied by transient spectroscopies

Irradiation-induced impurity-point defect complexes have been investigated in n-type germanium crystals that were doped with either antimony or oxygen. Several majority-carrier traps and one minority-carrier trap are characterized by means of deep-level transient spectroscopy and minority-carrier transient spectroscopy. The antimony-vacancy complex $(E$ center) ${E}_{0.37}$ is found to anneal in a way that is fundamentally different from that in silicon, since it is retarded under reverse bias. Temperature-dependent carrier capture cross sections of the E center are an order of magnitude lower than those of the oxygen-vacancy complex $(A$ center) ${E}_{0.27}$ $({\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{n}\ensuremath{\sim}1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}18}$ and $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}17} {\mathrm{cm}}^{2},$ respectively). A trap ${E}_{0.23}$ which is antimony related grows in at room temperature, seemingly by interstitial capture. A trap ${E}_{0.29}$ is assigned to the divacancy, since it is observed after proton irradiation but not after electron irradiation. A minority-carrier trap ${H}_{0.30},$ displaying a strong Poole-Frenkel effect, is Sb related and possibly related to the E center. In view of the experiments, we comment on a range of diverging results in the literature.
Recombinant Humanized IgG1 Antibody Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport through FcRn-ERK1/2-PPARα Pathway in Hepatocytes

Hyperlipidemia-associated lipid disorders are considered the cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is a mechanism by which excess peripheral cholesterol is transported to the liver and further converted into bile acid for excretion from the body in feces, which contributes to reducing hyperlipidemia as well as cardiovascular disease. We previously found that the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody promotes macrophages to engulf lipids and increases cholesterol efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) through ATP-binding cassette sub-family A1 (ABCA1), one of the key proteins related to RCT. In the present study, we explored other RCT related proteins expression on hepatocytes, including scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), and its modulation mechanism involved. We confirmed that the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody selectively activated ERK1/2 to upregulate SR-BI, ApoA-I, and ApoA-II expression in mice liver and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2 cells. The rate-limiting enzymes of bile acid synthesis, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1), exhibited a significant increase when treated with the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody, as well as increased excretion of bile acids in feces. Besides, abolishment or mutation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/RXR binding site on SR-BI promoter eliminated SR-BI reporter gene luciferase activity even in the presence of the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody. Knock down the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) on hepatocytes impaired the effect of recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody on activation of ERK1/2, as well as upregulation of SR-BI, ApoA-I, and ApoA-II expression. In conclusion, one of the mechanisms on the recombinant humanized IgG1 antibody attenuates hyperlipidemia in ApoE−/− mice model fed with high-fat-diet might be through reinforcement of liver RCT function in an FcRn-ERK1/2-PPARα dependent manner.
Baxter's T-Q Relation and Bethe Ansatz of Discrete Quantum Pendulum and Sine-Gordon Model

Using the Baxter's T-Q relation derived from the transfer matrix technique, we consider the diagonalization problem of discrete quantum pendulum and discrete quantum sine-Gordon Hamiltonian from the algebraic geometry aspect. For a finite chain system of the size L, when the spectral curve degenerates into rational curves, we have reduced Baxter's T-Q relation into a polynomial equation; the connection of T-Q polynomial equation with the algebraic Bethe Ansatz is clearly established . In particular, for L=4 it is the case of rational spectral curves for the discrete quantum pendulum and discrete sine-Gordon model. To these Baxter's T-Q polynomial equations, we have obtained the complete and explicit solutions with a detailed understanding of their quantitative and qualitative structure. In general the model possesses a spectral curve with a generic parameter. We have conducted certain qualitative study on the algebraic geometry of this high-genus Riemann surface incorporating Baxter's T-Q relation.
Von Neumann Algebras of Sofic Groups with $\beta_{1}^{(2)}=0$ are Strongly $1$-Bounded

We show that if Γ is a finitely generated finitely presented sofic group with zero first L Betti number, then the von Neumann algebra L(Γ) is strongly 1-bounded in the sense of Jung. In particular, L(Γ) 6 ∼= L(Λ) if Λ is any group with free entropy dimension > 1, for example a free group. The key technical result is a short proof of an estimate of Jung [10] using non-microstates entropy techniques.