Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Conflict Resolution Dataset Derived from Argoverse-2: Analysis of the Safety and Efficiency Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles at Intersections

As the deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in mixed traffic flow becomes increasingly prevalent, ensuring safe and smooth interactions between AVs and human agents is of critical importance. How road users resolve conflicts at intersections has significant impacts on driving safety and traffic efficiency. These impacts depend on both the behaviours of AVs and humans' reactions to the presence of AVs. Therefore, using real-world data to assess and compare the safety and efficiency measures of AV-involved and AV-free scenarios is crucial. To this end, this paper presents a high-quality conflict resolution dataset derived from the open Argoverse-2 motion forecasting data to analyse the safety and efficiency impacts of AVs. The contribution is twofold: First, we propose and apply a specific data processing pipeline to select scenarios of interest, rectify data errors, and enhance the raw data in Argoverse-2. As a result, 5000+ cases where an AV resolves conflict with a human road user and 16000+ conflict resolution cases without AVs are obtained. Motion data is smooth and consistent in these cases. This open dataset comprises diverse and balanced conflict resolution regimes. Second, this paper employs surrogate safety measures and a novel efficiency measure to assess the impact of AVs at intersections. The results suggest that human drivers exhibit similar safety and efficiency performances when interacting with AVs and with other human drivers. In contrast, pedestrians demonstrate more diverse reactions. Furthermore, due to the safety-prior strategy of AVs, the average efficiency of AV-involved conflict resolution decreases by 8.6% compared to AV-free cases. This informative dataset provides a valuable resource for researchers and the findings give insights into the possible impacts of AVs. The dataset is openly available via https://github.com/RomainLITUD/conflict_resolution_dataset.
USDA UV-B Monitoring System: An Application of Centralized Architecture

In order to monitor the spatial and temporal variations of solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth surface, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) UV-B monitoring system has been developed to make ground-based measurements of UV-B radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and temperature as well as to provide essential information to the research community, decision makers, and the public. This data collection and processing system was designed as a centralized system with a star network topology covering the domain of the United States with two sites in Canada and one in New Zealand. The system is controlled by a central data server and measurements are collected through programmed data loggers. While a centralized architecture has the single failure problem, it makes the system less complex to build, implement, and maintain. In this paper, we present the system architecture, algorithms for data collection, and data flow in the data processing procedures. Samples of our measurements and products are also shown. This work shows the principle application of centralized architecture in distributed computing and is a good reference for designers of similar systems.
Condition Monitoring of IGBT Modules Based on Changes of Thermal Characteristics

Condition monitoring (CM) of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules is significant for improving power converter reliability and reducing the loss caused by IGBT failure. In this paper, we present an advanced method to evaluate the aging condition of an IGBT based on the changes of thermal characteristics in the module, which can be described by the junction and case temperatures. The variation of the case temperature distribution is used to monitor the solder fatigue. The estimated level of solder fatigue is used to update the parameters in the electrical-thermal model. Then, the junction temperature can be accurately estimated by the updated electrical-thermal model. The difference between junction temperatures estimated from the updated model and temperature-sensitive electrical parameter (TSEP) is utilized to monitor the aging of bond wires. The proposed CM method permits both of health level evaluation and accurate junction temperature estimation of IGBT in real time to prevent catastrophic failure caused by defective modules. The experimental results on a commercialized IGBT product have validated the feasibility of the proposed method.
Prolonged time course of population excitatory postsynaptic potentials in motoneurons of chronic stroke survivors.

Hyperexcitability of spinal motoneurons may contribute to muscular hypertonia after hemispheric stroke. The origins of this hyperexcitability are not clear, but we hypothesized that prolongation of the Ia excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in spastic motoneurons may be one potential mechanism, by enabling more effective temporal summation of Ia EPSPs, making action potential initiation easier. Thus, the purpose of this study is to quantify the time-course of putative EPSPs in spinal motoneurons of chronic stroke survivors. To estimate the EPSP time course, a pair of low intensity electrical stimuli was delivered sequentially to the median nerve in seven hemispheric stroke survivors and in six intact individuals, in order to induce an H reflex response from the flexor carpi radialis muscle. H reflex response probability was then used to quantify the time-course of the underlying EPSPs in the motoneuron pool. A population EPSP estimate was then derived, based on the probability of evoking an H reflex from the second test stimulus, in the absence of a reflex response to the first conditioning stimulus. Our experimental results showed that in six out of seven hemispheric stroke survivors, the apparent rate of decay of the population EPSP was markedly slower in spastic compared with the contralateral (stroke) and intact motoneuron pools. There was no significant difference in EPSP time course between the contralateral side of stroke survivors and control subject muscles. We propose that one potential mechanism for hyperexcitability of spastic motoneurons in chronic stroke survivors may be associated with this prolongation of the Ia EPSP time-course. Our subthreshold double-stimulation approach could provide a noninvasive tool for quantifying the time-course of EPSPs in both healthy and pathological conditions.
Non-melanoma skin cancer : what drives tumor development and progression ?

Non-melanoma skin cancer, i.e. basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) are the most frequent tumors and their number is still increasing worldwide [1]. Furthermore, immunosuppression in organ transplant patients strongly contributes to the increase in skin cancer incidence being 65 to 250 times more frequent than in the general population. Often these patients suffer from a second and third lesion and the severity of these tumors is linked to their number. SCCs in transplant recipients also appear to be more aggressive. They tend to grow rapidly, show a higher rate of local recurrences, and metastasize in 5 to 8% of the patients (all reviewed in [2]). This largely differs from BCCs which are more frequent in the general population at a ratio of 4 to 1 as compared to SCCs – but the number is only increased by a factor of 10 in transplant recipients. This may suggest that “dormant” SCC precursor cells/lesions are present at a high frequency in the population but they are well controlled by the immune system. BCC, on the other hand, may be less dependent on immune surveillance thereby underlining their different etiology. While for BCC development the genetic hallmark is abrogation of the ptch sonic hedgehoge pathway, little is known about causal alterations of SCCs. However, the complexity of the genetic alterations (numerical and structural aberration profiles) in SCCs argues for several levels of genomic instability involved in the generation and progression of skin carcinogenesis.
Transthoracic echocardiography in the assessment of cardiogenic causes of ischaemic stroke.

INTRODUCTION One of the leading causes of death in Poland is stroke. Cardiogenic stroke is known to be one of the most important reasons for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), comprising 25-30% of all AISs. AIM OF STUDY Assessment of the prevalence of different risk factors of cardiogenic causes of AIS using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Transthoracic echocardiograms performed in patients with AIS admitted to a single neurological ward between October 2013 and September 2017 were analysed. Patients were assigned, based on the results of their TTE and their previous medical history of atrial fibrillation (AF), to one of three groups depending on the level of the risk of occurrence of cardiogenic causes of AIS. ETHICAL PERMISSION According to Dz.U. 2001, no. 126, 1381 no ethical permission was needed. RESULTS 663 patients with AIS were included in the study. Patients with high risk of cardiogenic cause of AIS: 26.7% (N = 177 patients [p]). Of these, 64.4% (114 p) were diagnosed with AF. 31.6% (56 p) with sinus rhythm during hospitalisation had a history of paroxysmal AF (PAF). In 11.9% (21 p) of the patients qualified to the high risk group, factors other than AF were found. Patients with moderate risk of cardiogenic cause of AIS: 10.1% (67 p). Patients with low risk of cardiogenic cause of AIS: 25.9% (172 p). Echocardiographic results led to a change in therapy in 1.21% of cases. CONCLUSIONS 1. Transthoracic echocardiography performed routinely in all AIS patients affects the treatment in a very low percentage of cases. 2. The group that could benefit the most from TTE examination includes people without established indications for chronic anticoagulant therapy, in particular patients after myocardial infarction and people with additional clinical symptoms. 3. In patients with AIS, the diagnostic sensitivity of TTE in the detection of PFO is low. Young people with a cryptogenic ischaemic stroke should undergo a transoesophageal assessment.
Law and Economics: Contemporary Approaches

A relatively narrow version of Law and Economics has dominated public policy for several decades. This school of thought has mainly focused on neoclassical microeconomics. It fails to recognize the pluralism of contemporary economics in general, and the relevance of macroeconomics in particular. So-called “market forces” are thoroughly intertwined with law and cannot be understood without some reference to history, sociology, psychology, and other social sciences. It is time for legal scholars to develop a law and economics curriculum that catches up with the advance of economics as a discipline. The urgent challenges of the 21st Century also call for a new Law and Economics. Solutions to problems such as extreme inequality, climate change, deindustrialization, infrastructure deterioration, underdevelopment, and financial instability will depend on deepening understandings of how economics is interrelated with complex legal rules and legal institutions. Lawyers with a more advanced and nuanced understanding of economics will be far better poised to help solve these problems than those lulled into thinking that simple neoclassicism reflects all that economics can offer to law. A new casebook, developed by the Association for the Promotion of Political Economy and Law, will reflect these concerns. The attached piece, written in response to Yale Law School’s Conference on Law & Inequality, describes the scope and aims of the casebook project. Martha McCluskey, Frank Pasquale, Jennifer Taub, and Faith Stevelman will be editing the casebook, to be compiled from contributions from leading scholars focusing on their substantive areas of expertise.
Challenges in management of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in contaminated raw materials

Las micotoxinas son contaminantes quimicos de origen biologico que suponen el mayor riesgo en la cadena alimentaria, debido a su amplia presencia y a los multiples efectos perjudiciales que producen en los seres humanos y en los animales. En esta Tesis se ha puesto de manifiesto la elevada incertidumbre asociada al muestreo para la determinacion del contenido de micotoxinas en pistachos, dentro del sistema de gestion de seguridad alimentaria. Tambien se ha evaluado como posible reto emergente en la gestion, los posibles efectos derivados de un hipotetico cambio climatico caracterizado por incremento de la temperatura, radiacion ultravioleta y sequedad en la micobiota ocratoxigenica presente en uvas y cereales. Las principales conclusiones obtenidas son: i) posible adaptacion de las especies micotoxigenicas; ii) predominancia de aspergilos negros en las condiciones mas extremas; iii) ineficacia de los antifungicos en el control de ocratoxina A y posible necesidad de transicion de unas materias activas a otras en funcion de las condiciones climaticas.
Persistence: Using Protein Turnover to Expand the Applications of Transcriptomics

One of the major issues with RNA sequencing is the lack of reproducibility between RNA and protein expression. Transcriptomics offers a holistic view of the molecular landscape of a tissue at an RNA level. However, RNA and protein expression are often at odds when measured in the same sample, raising the question whether or not changes in RNA expression translate to functional differences. This problem creates a need to devise a way to approximate protein abundance from transcriptomics data, in order to create a more complete picture of the functional landscape of a tissue. One additional measure that could be useful here is protein turnover or half-life. Once RNA is transcribed into protein, that protein can either be quickly degraded or remain in the cell for an extended period of time. The longer a protein’s half-life, the more influence it can have on its surroundings. Recently, a study used stable isotope labeling in mammals (SILAM) in combination with mass spectrometry to determine the turnover ratio of ∼2200 protein in mouse synaptosomes. This data offers a valuable opportunity to integrate protein turnover with RNA expression to gain deeper insight into the functional meaning of RNA expression changes. Here, we present the concept of this combination of protein turnover and RNA expression, which we coined as persistence. We then demonstrate the application of persistence using schizophrenia (SCZ) transcriptomics datasets. Calculating persistence for these datasets greatly improved our ability to predict protein expression from RNA expression. Furthermore, this approach successfully identified persistent genes and pathways known to have impactful changes in SCZ. These results suggest that persistence is a valuable metric for improving the functional insight that can be gained from transcriptomics data.
On Modeling Transport Costs

The interpretation of the loss of utility as transport costs in address models of differentiation poses a methodological difficulty. Transport costs implicitly amounts to assume that there is a good neither included in the differentiated sector nor in the composite (numeraire) good of the economy. We propose to use iceberg-type transport costs to solve this difficulty.
ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF BLEACHING EVENT 2010 IN NORTHERN ACEH

Bulan April-Mei 2010 Perairan Andaman termasuk perairan Aceh mengalami kenaikan suhu permukaan air laut yang drastis. Kenaikan suhu permukaan air laut tersebut telah menyebabkan pemutihan karang di beberapa tempat di dunia, termasuk perairan utara Aceh. Survei pemutihan karang telah dilakukan untuk mengukur dampak pemutihan karang terhadap ekosistem terumbu karang yang meliputi, index pemutihan karang, tutupan karang keras dan kelimpahan ikan karang. Hasil survey menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 35% karang keras yang memutih mengalami kematian. Genera karang yang mengalami tingkat kematian yang sangat besar adalah karang keras dari Genera Acropora dan Pocillopora. Pemutihan karang yang disertai dengan tingkat kematian karang yang tinggi telah menyebabkan penurunan tutupan karang keras di Perairan Utara Aceh secara signifikan bahkan di beberapa tempat tutupan karang dari Genera Acropora mengalami kematian sebesar 100%. Selain berdampak kepada penurunan tutupan karang keras, pemutihan karang pada tahun 2010 juga berdampak pada penurunan kelimpahan ikan karang terutama ikan karang pemakan polip karang (Corallivore) yang mengalami penurunan kelimpahan secara signifikan antara tahun 2009 dengan 2011 dan 2013. Data tersebut bisa disimpulkan bahwa, pemutihan karang pada tahun 2010 di Perairan Utara Aceh merupakan peristiwa yang paling parah yang pernah dilaporkan di Indonesia khususnya di Utara Aceh.
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES: WHAT WE HAVE AND WHAT WE WANT Patient stratification in myelodysplastic syndromes: how a puzzle may become a map

Heterogeneity is the disease-defining epithet of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. During the last decade, significant progress has been made to better understand the diversity of clinical, molecular, cellular, and immunological factors that are bound to the prognosis and outcomes of patientswithMDS. Despite the rapidgenerationof all of this biological information, howto implement it has fallen short. Redefiningclinical tools touse this new information remains a challenge. The holistic integration of novel, high-impact individual risk parameters such as patientreported outcomes or mutational and immunological data into conventional risk stratification systems may further refine patient subgroups, improvepredictivepower for survival, andprovide anext-generationclassificationandprognosis system for patients with MDS. Dichotomic treatment strategies in patients with MDS according to their patient and disease profiles highlight the importance of precise risk stratification, which may be complemented by the definition of granular cohorts of patients with myeloid neoplasms and a druggable target (ie, IDH1/2 mutations) across conventional blast thresholds.
Use of vegetation maps to infer on the ecological suitability of species using central and western Kenya as an example

Citation for published version (APA): Kindt, R. , van Breugel, P., & Lillesø, J-P. B. (2007). Use of vegetation maps to infer on the ecological suitability of species using central and western Kenya as an example: part I: description of potential natural vegetation types for central and western Kenya. Hørsholm: Center for Skov, Landskab og Planlægning/Københavns Universitet. Development and Environment, No. 6
Changes of Physical Soil Properties During the Growing Season 2014 – Influence of Applied Fertilizer in Crop Corn

Abstract Physical properties of soils are affected by many factors. These include the type of fertilizer used. An offer of fertilizers is currently extensive and new types are added, an example may be digestate, which is ranked among organic fertilizers according to Czech legislation. Changes in physical soil properties were monitored on a field trial, which were established on the place of Research grassland station Vatín (region Vysočina, the Czech Republic) in autumn 2013. The field trial comprised different variants of fertilization. Their effects were observed at different vegetation covers. In this paper, we focus on vegetation cover corn, fertilization variants: manure, mineral fertilizer (saltpetre ammonium with limestone) and digestate. The effect of fertilization was observed 3 times during the growing season 2014. It was in June, August and October. The results were obtained by the basic analysis of Kopecky rollers and it was from the depths of 0.05 m and 0.15 m (middle roller). The monitored soil properties were: bulk density, porosity, water retention capacity, maximum capillary water capacity and minimum air capacity. At all investigated physical soil properties there was a positive development during the growing season, with the exception of water retention capacity. The difference was found in the range of changes in various physical properties depending on the applied fertilizer.
Loss of Life Expectancy related to temporal evolution of PM2.5 considered within energy scenarios in Europe

People exposure to particulate matter can have various health effects as described in scientific publications in the area of observational epidemiology. This study estimates the Loss of Life Expectancy (LLE) related to PM2.5 concentrations corresponding to a selected baseline energy scenario derived from the GAINS model. Most often energy scenarios are defined as consistent pathways towards a long-term target defined by a set of criteria that describe a sustainable energy supply. This study accounts for the temporal evolution of PM2.5 concentrations along the time frame from 2005 till 2050. The analysis was carried out for 43 European countries with a spatial resolution of 50 x 50 km. LLE was considered over the whole life time of the population older than 30 years in year 2005. We propose an algorithm for the computation of LLE for population exposed to PM2.5 based on the approach recommended by the Task Force on Health described in IIASA's Report and accounting for the Pope exposure-risk parameter. The LLE computation is based on the difference between the life expectancy with no exposure to particulates and life expectancy with exposure to observed particulates. We considered in our algorithm the temporal evolutions of PM2.5 concentrations along the scenario, as well as population densities. LLE results were derived using different PM2.5 concentration profiles from 2005 to 2050. The first PM2.5 concentration profile corresponds to a constant PM2.5 concentration with values fixed to the 2005 situation. The second PM2.5 concentration profile corresponds to the temporal evolution of the selected energy scenario. LLE is then derived for both situations: the fixed PM2.5 concentrations case and the variable PM2.5 case as defined for the baseline scenario. LLE results are significantly different between the two cases with a decrease by half for most European countries. The Netherlands and Eastern Europe are the only regions where LLE exceed 300 days/person of life lost. Applying this new feature of temporal evolution of PM2.5 is of interest for assessing the potential impacts of scenarios accounting for the possible technical evolution of energy pathways. Results are provided on line in numerical form as well as in form of LLE maps.
The Decade Census Program--a new approach for meeting the nations needs for sub-national data.

The authors describe a proposal for simplifying and improving the Census Bureaus methods of collecting data on the U.S. population. "The Decade Census Program or DCP is an alternative paradigm or approach to meeting the subnational data needs of the Nation. Whereas the Decennial Census focuses all its activity on one year of the decade the DCP covers the whole decade [and] permits different periodicity for content items depending on the need for updates. " (EXCERPT)
INTER-BASIN WATER TRANSFER AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This study analyze the relationship between inter-basin water transfer and development of economy and society after inter-basin water transfer.The significance of water resources-allocation is discussed.Probable effects of water transfer are described in regards to environment and ecology,utilization of water resource,and its benefits.Solutions for adverse effect and key problems are also considered according to demand of sustainable development.Data indicates that sustainable development of economy and society should be guaranteed by sustainable utilization of water resource,to maximize project benefit and minimize adverse effect from inter-basin water transfer.