Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interdecadal Variability in a Zonally Averaged Ocean Model: An Adjustment Oscillator

A meridional-plane, hemispherical ocean model is developed to study interdecadal variability of the ther- mohaline circulation (THC). The model differs from previous formulations of zonally averaged ocean models by using a prognostic equation to calculate the meridional velocity. This allows the incorporation of an adjustment timescale comparable to the advective timescale of the meridional overturning. An interdecadal oscillation is documented for an idealized ocean of homogeneous salinity forced by a time-independent surface heat ﬂux. The governing equations are linearized about a basic state in order to isolate the effect of parameter changes on the oscillation. An eigenvalue analysis reveals that the frequency of the oscillation is independent of the advective timescale. Instead, the interdecadal timescale of the oscillation is set by the slow adjustment of the overturning intensity to a meridional pressure gradient anomaly. The oscillatory instability, on the other hand, is dependent on both advective and adjustment processes. Advection by the basic state acts locally to reinforce the meridional pressure gradient anomaly, whereas the delayed adjustment of the overturning intensity to this pressure gradient anomaly modiﬁes the poleward transport of heat, thereby initiating the phase reversal of the pressure gradient anomaly. Thus, the advection of temperature anomalies by the basic state provides a positive feedback while the adjustment of the overturning intensity serves as the phase-switching mechanism. The relevance of this ‘‘adjustment oscillator’’ to the interdecadal variability simulated in idealized ocean general circulation models is discussed. The results strongly suggest that internal, interdecadal variability of the THC is not an inherently three-dimensional or nonlinear phenomenon and that this type of variability cannot be conceptualized as a loop oscillator.
Effects of Stress in Young Adult Dogs Diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

After very close surveillance and tracking of a recently diagnosed DM type 1 patient, a key factor that requires more consideration is the effects of stress on DM patients. Quantification of stress induced hyperglycemia was performed in hospital, thus making the ability to distinguish the reaction of glucose between the ordinary animal and diabetic animal possible. The model patient was looked at and meticulously examined for fluctuations in glucose driven by stress and the DM type [2].
Practice of Epidemiology Likelihood Ratio Test for Detecting Gene ( G )-Environment ( E ) Interactions Under an Additive Risk Model Exploiting G - E Independence for Case-Control Data

There has been a long-standing controversy in epidemiology with regard to an appropriate risk scale for testing interactions between genes ( G ) and environmental exposure ( E ). Although interaction tests based on the logistic model — which approximates the multiplicative risk for rare diseases — have been more widely applied because of its convenience in statistical modeling, interactions under additive risk models have been regarded as closer to true biologic interactions and more useful in intervention-related decision-making processes in public health. It has been well known that exploiting a natural assumption of G - E independence for the underlying population can dramatically increase statistical power for detecting multiplicative interactions in case-control studies. However, the implication of the independence assumption for tests for additive interaction has not been previously investigated. In this article, the authors develop a likelihood ratio test for detecting additive interactions for case-control studies that incorporates the G - E independence assumption. Numerical investigation of power suggests that incorporation of the independence assumption can enhance the efficiency of the test for additive interaction by 2- to 2.5-fold. The authors illustrate their method by applying it to data from a bladder cancer study.
Localization and local translation of mRNA at synapses: some observations and paradoxes.

Arc/Arg3.1 Arc is a unique immediate early gene whose expression is induced as synapses are being modiﬁed during learning.The uniqueness comes from the fact that newly synthesized Arc mRNA is rapidly transported throughout dendrites where it localizes near synapses that were recently activated. Here, we summarize aspects of Arc mRNA translation in dendrites in vivo , focusing especially on features of its expression that are paradoxical or that donot ﬁt in with current models of how Arc protein operates. Findings from in vivo studies that donot quite ﬁt include: (1) Following induction of LTP in vivo , Arc mRNA and protein localize near active synapses, but are also distributed throughout dendrites. In contrast, Arc mRNA localizes selectively near active synapses when stimulation is continued as Arc mRNA is transported into dendrites; (2) Strong induction of Arc expression as a result of a seizure does not lead to a rundown of synaptic efﬁcacy in vivo as would be predicted by the hypothesis that high levels of Arc cause glutamate receptor endocytosis and LTD. (3) Arc protein is synthesized in the perinuclear cytoplasm rapidly after transcriptional activation, indicating that at least a pool of Arc mRNA is not translationally repressed to allow for dendritic delivery; (4) Increases in Arc mRNA in dendrites are not paralleled by increases in levels of exon junction complex (EJC) proteins. These results of studies of mRNA trafﬁcking in neurons in vivo provide a new perspective on the possible roles of Arc in activity-dependent synaptic modiﬁcations. tradition William T. Greenough. it is primarily Arc
Current-Limited Suboptimal Sliding Mode Control for Voltage-Regulated Synchronous Buck Converters

This article proposes a new sliding mode control based on a nonlinear switching surface that provides a suboptimal current-limited start-up response in step-down converters. The main idea behind the design consists in combining different switching surfaces. The first one forces the system trajectories to track a constant current path until the output voltage error is small. A nonsingular terminal switching surface then drives the trajectories to the vicinity of the steady-state operating point. Finally, a first-order switching surface regulates the steady state providing very good rates of load and line regulation. The article presents the design guidelines of the suboptimal sliding mode control and the experimental evaluation that confirms the effectiveness of the proposal.
Accelerating Hydraulic Fracture Imaging by Deep Transfer Learning

Deep transfer learning has a great success story in computer vision, natural language processing, and many other fields. In this paper, we are going to push forward the deep transfer learning to the hydraulic fracture imaging problem by proposing a two-step approach: 1) train a convolutional neural network (CNN) to reconstruct target geometries by a relatively large amount of approximated field patterns generated from a simplified model; 2) fine-tune the top layers of transferred CNN by a small amount of true field patterns generated through a full model. The advantages include the rapid generation of large amount of data through the simplified model and the high reconstruction accuracy through a careful design of the deep transfer learning. The CNN trained through the deep transfer learning can accurately reconstruct the lateral extent and direction of fractures with unseen conductivity and white Gaussian noise, showing a notable acceleration/accuracy enhancement over the previous CNN trained by mixing a small number of true data into the approximated data as data augmentation.
A Circularly-Polarized Multi-Beam Magneto-Electric Dipole Transmitarray With Linearly-Polarized Feeds for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This paper presents the design of a wideband circularly-polarized (CP) multi-beam transmitarray with a cluster of linearly-polarized (LP) feeds for millimeter-wave applications. A novel receiving/transmitting unit cell, composed of one LP and one CP magneto-electric (ME) dipoles, is designed with capability of converting the incident wave from LP source to CP radiation and enabling to provide a full 3600 geometric phase coverage by rotating the CP element. The geometric phase compensation is realized by setting the space-dependent rotation angle for the transmitting array such that it exhibits a wide frequency response in producing directive CP beam radiation with improved axial ratio (AR) performance. Moreover, a bifocal strategy is employed in the design of the multi-beam transmitarray to achieve a small scanning loss. To verify our proposed methodology, a prototype of the bifocal multi-beam transmitarray with seven LP ME dipole source radiators is fabricated and measured. The obtained results show that the seven beams can cover a range of ±33° with a peak gain of 21.5 dBic and a scanning loss of 2 dB. Meanwhile, the overlapped bandwidth for the reflection coefficient (|S11| ≤ -10 dB), the 3-dB AR and the half-power gain is around 33.3% (23 to 32 GHz). With advantages of wide operating bandwidth, good CP performance, and stable radiation pattern, the proposed wideband CP multi-beam transmitarray is an attractive candidate for millimeter-wave wireless systems.
Distinct Mechanisms of CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T-Cell Activation and Bystander Apoptosis Induced by Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Virions

Apoptosis of uninfected bystander T cells contributes to T-cell depletion during human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 envelope/receptor interactions and immune activation have been implicated as contributors to bystander apoptosis. To better understand the relationship between T-cell activation and bystander apoptosis during HIV-1 pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of the highly cytopathic CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 variant ELI6 on primary CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cells. Infection of primary T-cell cultures with ELI6 induced CD4 (cid:1) T-cell depletion by direct cell lysis and bystander apoptosis. Exposure of primary CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cells to nonreplicating ELI6 virions induced bystander apoptosis through a Fas-independent mechanism. Bystander apoptosis of CD4 (cid:1) T cells required direct contact with virions and Env/CXCR4 binding. In contrast, the apoptosis of CD8 (cid:1) T cells was triggered by a soluble factor(s) secreted by CD4 (cid:1) T cells. HIV-1 virions activated CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cells to express CD25 and HLA-DR and preferentially induced apoptosis in CD25 (cid:1) HLA-DR (cid:1) T cells in a CXCR4-dependent manner. Maximal levels of binding, activation, and apoptosis were induced by virions that incorporated MHC class II and B7-2 into the viral membrane. These results suggest that nonreplicating HIV-1 virions contribute to chronic immune activation and T-cell depletion during HIV-1 pathogenesis by activating CD4 (cid:1) and CD8 (cid:1) T cells, which then proceed to die via apoptosis. This mechanism may represent a viral immune evasion strategy to increase viral replication by activating target cells while killing immune effector cells that are not productively infected.
ZnSnOy/ZnSnOx Bilayer Transparent Memristive Synaptic Device for Neuromorphic Computing

In this letter, we have investigated synaptic features of a transparent bilayer memristor for neuromorphic computing applications. Our device has shown stable synaptic characteristics like potentiation and depression for repetitive 5000 epochs having 400 conductance pulses each. The device has also shown highly linear synaptic features with linearity of 1.2 and −1.4 for potentiation and depression, respectively. Retention property of bilayer transparent synapse showed good stability for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{5}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> s at 90 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\text {o}}\text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Multi-Level Cell (MLC) characteristics were achieved by varying reset stop voltages from −0.7V to −1.0V. The proposed bilayer transparent synapse showed good synaptic characteristics and showed high potential to be used in future neuromorphic computing systems.
Cryogenic CMOS RF Device Modeling for Scalable Quantum Computer Design

This paper presents experimental RF characterizations and modeling on the nano-scale multi-finger gate MOSFETs of the HLMC 40 nm low-power CMOS technology. Both the resistive and capacitive components in the equivalent circuit model for the RF MOSFET devices are calibrated based on temperature-dependent S-parameter measurements (0.25 – 40 GHz) from 298 K to 6 K. By integrating the intrinsic device model and the extrinsic parasitic parameters, a generic cryogenic device RF model is developed to capture the cutoff frequency and high-frequency performance of NMOS and PMOS transistors with varied device configurations. The establishment of validated database as functions of device size, temperature, and frequency responses lays a solid foundation for practical large-scale cryo-CMOS RF circuit design and optimization.
Smartphone PDR/GNSS Integration via Factor Graph Optimization for Pedestrian Navigation

In a smartphone, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver is dominant in providing position information for users. However, GNSS signals are vulnerable to the environment, i.e., city canyons and tunnels. Pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) exploring human walking gaits is another effective method to determine pedestrian position. Accelerometers and gyroscope sensors are available in smartphones to detect pedestrians’ steps and carry out PDR. Aiming to improve smartphone position accuracy, we propose two different factor graph optimization (FGO)-PDR/GNSS integration models. First, the position from PDR and GNSS is integrated using FGO. Second, given the negative influences of the heading angle errors and the inconsistency between a smartphone and the pedestrian walking direction, PDR step length and GNSS are integrated using FGO. Android smartphones were utilized to collect different datasets and evaluate the proposed methods; experimental results indicated the superior performance of the proposed methods.
Flexible Execution of Multi-Party Business Processes on Blockchain

The execution of multi-party business processes on blockchains has been more and more used in the last years in those contexts where trust among the involved parties is a crucial requirement that cannot be assumed by default. The immutability, transparency, and decentralised characteristics of the blockchain ensure the parties' responsibility in case of controversial actions. However, if on the one hand, the immutable nature of the blockchain brings many benefits from the trust perspective, on the other hand such rigidity leads to a lack of flexibility in the execution of blockchain-based business processes. In this paper, we face the challenge of making flexible the execution of multi-party business processes based on blockchain. We propose an approach that exploits the BPMN choreography model to describe a multi-party business process. From the model it is produced an on-chain smart contract storing the current state of the execution, and an off-chain rule-based program implementing the choreography logic. The decoupling of the execution state from the choreography logic allows achieving the flexibility of the multi-party interactions. We provide an implementation of the approach, the FlexChain framework, that relies on the Ethereum permissionless blockchain, hence on Solidity smart contracts, and on Drools as an off-chain rules engine. We assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solution through a case study representing the procedure for a career upgrade, whose experiments have been conducted on the Rinkeby Ethereum Testnet.
A Millimeter-Wave Planar Dual-Band Array Antenna Having Individually LHCP and RHCP Radiation Characteristics

This article demonstrates a planar dual-band array antenna for millimeter-wave applications, which has a left-hand circular polarization and a right-hand circular polarization for two operating bands, respectively. By using aperture-fed stacked-curls, the proposed antenna can attain broad axial ratio (AR) bandwidths in both K- and Ka-bands through a single port. Meanwhile, two stacked-curls are designed to rotate in different directions for achieving orthogonal circular polarizations in two bands, respectively. An $8\times 8$ stacked-curls array antenna is designed and manufactured for verifications. The measured 3 dB AR bandwidths are 11.59% (18.7-21 GHz) in the K-band and 9.93% (26.8-29.6 GHz) in the Ka-band, with reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB. The maximum gain in K- and Ka-bands are 18.59 dB and 18.13 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna can be used for developing compact satellite communication systems.
Cofree compositions of coalgebras (extended abstract)

We develop the notion of the composition of two coalgebras, which arises naturally in higher category theory and the theory of species. We prove that the composition of two cofree coalgebras is cofree and give conditions which imply that the composition is a one-sided Hopf algebra. These conditions hold when one coalgebra is a graded Hopf operad D and the other is a connected graded coalgebra with coalgebra map to D. We conclude by discussing these structures for compositions with bases the vertices of multiplihedra, composihedra, and hypercubes.
DDDT_A_308448 2099..2107

Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Background: To establish a novel delivery system of pemirolast potassium-loaded gellan gum in situ gel in allergic conjunctivitis therapy. Methods: The prepared in situ gels were studied in the following aspects: in vitro gelation, in vitro release, stability, viscosity measurement, in vivo tear kinetics and pharmacodynamics. Results: In this study, the results showed that the viscosity of the in situ gels significantly increased when the preparation was in contact with simulated tear fluid and it also exhibited good stability in a period of three months. In vitro release showed that the release of pemirolast potassium from in situ gels had a good sustained release ability. No ocular damage or abnormal clinical signs to the cornea, iris, or conjunctivae were visible. Consistent with the in vitro studies, pemirolast potassium in situ gels were highly efficient in suppressing the inflammatory symptoms and improving the ocular bioavailability. Conclusion: Pemirolast potassium ocular in situ gels are safe and promising therapeutic alternatives to the existing medications for allergic conjunctivitis therapy.
CALL FOR PAPERS Integrative and Translational Physiology: Integrative Aspects of Energy Homeostasis in Metabolic Disorders Model analysis of the relationship between intracellular P O 2 and energy demand in skeletal muscle

Model analysis of the relationship between intracellular P O 2 and energy demand in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012. September 2012; the basis of experimental studies, the intracellular O 2 (iP O 2 )-work rate (WR) relationship in skeletal muscle is not unique. One study found that iP O 2 reached a plateau at 60% of maximal WR, while another found that iP O 2 decreased linearly at higher WR, inferring capillary permeability-surface area ( PS ) and blood-tissue O 2 gradient, respectively, as alternative dominant factors for determining O 2 diffusion changes during exercise. This relationship is affected by several factors, including O 2 delivery and oxidative and glycolytic capacities of the muscle. In this study, these factors are examined using a mechanistic, mathematical model to analyze experimental data from contracting skeletal muscle and predict the effects of muscle contraction on O 2 transport, glycogenolysis, and iP O 2 . The model describes convection, O 2 diffusion, and cellular metabolism, including anaerobic glycogenolysis. Conse-quently, the model simulates iP O 2 in response to muscle contraction under a variety of experimental conditions. The model was validated by comparison of simulations of O 2 uptake with corresponding experimental responses of electrically stimulated canine muscle under different O 2 content, blood ﬂow, and contraction intensities. The model allows hypothetical variation of PS , glycogenolytic capacity, and blood ﬂow and predictions of the distinctive effects of these factors on the iP O 2 -contraction intensity relationship in canine muscle. Although PS is the main factor regulating O 2 diffusion rate, model simulations indicate that PS and O 2 gradient have essential roles, depending on the speciﬁc conditions. Furthermore, the model predicts that different convection and diffusion patterns and metabolic factors may be responsible for different iP O 2 -WR relationships in humans. (PCr) and creatine (Cr), and NADH and NAD are related by mass conservation of adenosine (A), Cr (C), and NAD (N) within the cell. For constant total concentrations and volumes of the tissue Another constraint with the application of this model the assumption of constant glycogen concentration.
Dnsmos P.835: A Non-Intrusive Perceptual Objective Speech Quality Metric to Evaluate Noise Suppressors

Human subjective evaluation is the "gold standard" to evaluate speech quality optimized for human perception. Perceptual objective metrics serve as a proxy for subjective scores. We have recently developed a non-intrusive speech quality metric called Deep Noise Suppression Mean Opinion Score (DNSMOS) using the scores from ITU-T Rec. P.808 [1] subjective evaluation. The P.808 scores reflect the overall quality of the audio clip. ITU-T Rec. P.835 [2] subjective evaluation framework gives the standalone quality scores of speech and background noise in addition to the overall quality. In this work, we train an objective metric based on P.835 human ratings that output 3 scores: i) speech quality (SIG), ii) background noise quality (BAK), and iii) the overall quality (OVRL) of the audio. The developed metric is highly correlated with human ratings, with a Pearson’s Correlation Co-efficient (PCC)=0.94 for SIG and PCC=0.98 for BAK and OVRL. This is the first non-intrusive P.835 predictor we are aware of. DNSMOS P.835 is made publicly available as an Azure service.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Human tau increases amyloid plaque size but not amyloid mediated synapse loss in a novel mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the presence of aggregates of amyloid beta (A b ) in senile plaques and tau in neuroﬁbril-lary tangles, as well as marked neuron and synapse loss. Of these pathological changes, synapse loss correlates most strongly with cognitive decline. Synapse loss occurs prominently around plaques due to accumulations of oligomeric A b . Recent evidence suggests that tau may also play a role in synapse loss but the interactions of A b and tau in synapse loss remain to be determined. In this study, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line, the APP/PS1/rTg21221 line, by crossing APP/PS1 mice, which develop A b -plaques and synapse loss, with rTg21221 mice, which overexpress wild-type human tau. When compared to the APP/PS1 mice without human tau, the cross-sectional area of ThioS + dense core plaques was increased by ~ 50%. Along with increased plaque size, we observed an increase in plaque-associated dystrophic neurites containing misfolded tau, but there was no exacerbation of neurite curvature or local neuron loss around plaques. Array tomography analysis similarly revealed no wors-ening of synapse loss around plaques, and no change in the accumulation of A b at synapses. Together, these results indicate that adding human wild-type tau exacerbates plaque pathology and neurite deformation but does not exacerbate plaque-asso-ciated synapse loss.