Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Interesting Image of Transmural Migration of a Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine Device (LNg-IUD)

Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are very common as a method of birth control. By adding progesterone (levonorgestrel), a decrease in the risk of complications has been documented, including the risk of perforation. Even though only a few complications have been described, adjacent organs may be involved in the case of migration—a life-threatening situation. A 45-year-old G4P2 woman was seen in our clinic for LNg-IUD removal, according to the medical instructions. Her main complaints were abdominal discomfort, low back pain, and recurrent menorrhagia. A “lost” IUD was initially suspected; the patient confirmed the detection and removal of the control strings, and a subsequent discussion related to delayed transmural migration of the IUD being followed. The ultrasonography revealed the migration of the IUD to the uterine cervix and size-decreased uterine fibroids, confirming the effectiveness of the LNg-IUD. The MRI and ultrasonography being useless, a subsequent X-ray and CT scan were requested, both confirming a myometrium-positioned IUD, adjacent to the serosa and lumbosacral plexus. Even though the IUD is considered a safe device with reversible effect, it can be associated with severe morbidity, with an ultrasound follow-up being required. For more precise detection of the IUD, we strongly recommend an X-ray or CT scan examination, followed by safe removal.
Cu/W Electrode Ablation and Its Influence on Free-Burning Arcs in SF₆ Alternatives

A free-burning arc experiment was performed in a gas mixture composed of CO2/O2/C5F10O (85%/10%/5%). An optical emission spectroscopy (OES) diagnostic was developed to obtain spatially resolved arc spectra at a high frame rate. Spectral measurements are compared with simulated spectra to estimate arc parameters including temperature and composition. These techniques are used to characterize the arc and its associated electrode jets over a range of conditions, in order to study the influence of ablated Cu/W on arc characteristics. The observed spectra indicate that the ablation of the contact tip primarily occurs through vaporization rather than the expulsion of droplets. The metal vapor content of the arc is investigated as the arc driving current is varied, and a transition threshold for increased ablation at electrode current densities above 50 A $\cdot $ mm $^{-2}$ is determined. The expansion angle of the electrode jet is estimated from the concentration of metal vapor in the arcing region at different axial positions, using a basic conical expansion model. The dependence of the measured voltage on the arc composition is examined, and a positive correlation between Cu content and arc voltage is identified. This trend is attributed to the higher emissivity of the metal vapor, which suppresses the central arc temperature and increases its resistivity.
Patella radiograph image texture: The correlation with lumbar spine bone mineral density values

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disease that is frequently overlooked. This disease primarily affects adult women and causes bone thinness and fragility, which leads to fractures. DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) is used to diagnose osteoporosis by measuring bone mineral density. These devices are expensive and not widely available for treatment. This study aimed to find a correlation between the texture value of an image of the patellar bone and the density of the lumbar spine, which can then be used to detect osteoporosis. This study's sample size was 19 subjects, and their bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA. An X-ray was then taken to obtain an image of the genu bone. The stages of the research are as follows: 1) preparing the X-ray image of the bone; 2) determining the image texture value method of gray level co-occurrence matrix 3) investigating the relationship between texture values and BMD in the lumbar spine. The correlation test results revealed a statistically significant correlation between the texture value and the BMD of the lumbar spine for the correlation and variance characteristics (P less than 0.05). As a result, the value of the texture of the image of the patella bone can be used to detect osteoporosis.
Use of the C-Reactive Protein (CRP)/Albumin Ratio as a Severity Tool in Acute Pancreatitis: Systematic Review

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common conditions with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Different scoring systems are used to gauge the severity of this condition, which, in turn, estimates the complications and mortality rates. With the ever-evolving use of the acute-phase reactant protein, C-reactive protein (CRP), and an abundant circulating protein in plasma, albumin, in daily practice, this study aimed to assess the ratio of CRP and albumin for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the keywords CRP albumin ratio and acute pancreatitis in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. Studies reporting the use of the ratio of CRP and albumin in acute pancreatitis as well as the outcomes were included in this analysis. The quality of studies was assessed using the MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) assessment tool. In our review, across these three studies, 956 patients with acute pancreatitis were identified and enrolled in studies that examined the relationship between the CRP/Albumin ratio and the severity of acute pancreatitis. Overall, a positive correlation was found between the CRP/albumin ratio at admission and the development of subsequent severe acute pancreatitis, increased hospital length of stay, and the higher rate of mortality in these studies.
Integration of Deep Learning and Information Theory for Designing Monitoring Networks in Heterogeneous Aquifer Systems

Groundwater monitoring networks are direct sources of information for revealing subsurface system dynamic processes. However, designing such networks is difficult due to uncertainties in the spatial heterogeneity of aquifer parameters such as permeability (k). This study combines deep learning and information theory with an optimization framework to address network design problems in heterogeneous aquifer systems. The framework first employs a generative adversarial network to parameterize heterogeneous k distribution using a low‐dimensional latent representation. Then, surrogate models are developed based on the deep neural networks to perform uncertainty quantification of pressure heads and solute concentrations at locations of pre‐designed candidate monitoring stations. The monitoring stations are then ranked using the greedy search algorithm based on the maximum information minimum redundancy (MIMR) criterion. In order to depict the importance of each candidate monitoring location, the hotspot maps of the selection probability (Ps) are derived from MIMR repetition results. Comprehensive monitoring networks derived from the hotspot maps are then conducted as the final monitoring stations to improve monitoring information compared to MIMR results. Additionally, nine entropy quantization strategies are compared to evaluate their effects on monitoring network optimization results. Results indicate that caution should be taken when selecting entropy quantization strategies to achieve the accuracy required for model calibration and to improve the efficiency of monitoring optimization. Considering high‐dimensional uncertainties associated with aquifer parameters, the developed framework can provide important insights for monitoring network designs in various earth observational projects.
Improving GAN-based vocoder for fast and high-quality speech synthesis

Following tremendous success in the Generative Adversarial Network(GAN), the GAN-based vocoders have recently shown much faster speed in waveform generation. However, the quality of generated speech is slightly inferior, and the real-time factor (RTF) still can’t be satisfied in many devices with limited resources. To address the issues, we propose a new GAN-based vocoder model.Firstly, we introduce the Shuffle-Residual Block into the generator to get a lower RTF. Secondly, we propose a Frequency Transformation Block in the discriminator to capture the correlation between different frequency bins in every frame. To the best of our knowledge, our model achieves the lowest RTF of the GAN-based vocoders under the premise of ensuring the speech quality. In our experiments, our model shows a lower RTF with more than 40% improvement and higher speech quality than MB-MelGAN and HiFi-GAN V2.
The Space of Spaces: Curvature Bounds and Gradient Flows on the Space of Metric Measure Spaces

Equipped with the L 2 , q L^{2,q} -distortion distance \DD _{2,q}, the space \XX _{2q} of all metric measure spaces (X,\d ,\m ) is proven to have nonnegative curvature in the sense of Alexandrov. Geodesics and tangent spaces are characterized in detail. Moreover, classes of semiconvex functionals and their gradient flows on \ol \XX _{2q} are presented.
Detection on Cell Cancer Using the Deep Transfer Learning and Histogram Based Image Focus Quality Assessment

In recent years, the number of studies using whole-slide imaging (WSIs) of histopathology slides has expanded significantly. For the development and validation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, glass slides from retrospective cohorts including patient follow-up data have been digitized. It has become crucial to determine that the quality of such resources meets the minimum requirements for the development of AI in the future. The need for automated quality control is one of the obstacles preventing the clinical implementation of digital pathology work processes. As a consequence of the inaccuracy of scanners in determining the focus of the image, the resulting visual blur can render the scanned slide useless. Moreover, when scanned at a resolution of 20× or higher, the resulting picture size of a scanned slide is often enormous. Therefore, for digital pathology to be clinically relevant, computational algorithms must be used to rapidly and reliably measure the picture’s focus quality and decide if an image requires re-scanning. We propose a metric for evaluating the quality of digital pathology images that uses a sum of even-derivative filter bases to generate a human visual-system-like kernel, which is described as the inverse of the lens’ point spread function. This kernel is then used for a digital pathology image to change high-frequency image data degraded by the scanner’s optics and assess the patch-level focus quality. Through several studies, we demonstrate that our technique correlates with ground-truth z-level data better than previous methods, and is computationally efficient. Using deep learning techniques, our suggested system is able to identify positive and negative cancer cells in images. We further expand our technique to create a local slide-level focus quality heatmap, which can be utilized for automated slide quality control, and we illustrate our method’s value in clinical scan quality control by comparing it to subjective slide quality ratings. The proposed method, GoogleNet, VGGNet, and ResNet had accuracy values of 98.5%, 94.5%, 94.00%, and 95.00% respectively.
How Health Consumption Affects the Health Level of the Population: Analysis Based on the Chinese Family Panel Studies

Health is an inevitable requirement for the promotion of overall human development and a basic condition for economic and social development. Each person is the first person responsible for his or her own health, and health has an important significance to the residents themselves. Data from the Chinese Family Panel Studies (CFPS) for 3 years—2014, 2016, and 2018—were selected to study the impact of active health consumption on residents’ health using a panel data fixed effects model. It was found that proactive health consumption can significantly improve the health of residents, and the main findings still hold through robustness tests including instrumental variables. The mechanism analysis shows that active health consumption can improve the health level of residents by increasing the frequency of exercise. Therefore, in the context of the “Health China” strategy, active health consumption should be promoted to cultivate the habit of physical exercise so as to continuously improve the health level of the residents.
The Impact of Intangible Capital on the Productivity of Small Firms

In spite of mounting evidence in support of the role of intangible capital on firm performance some research gaps remain. This paper focuses on the link between intangible capital and firm performance with a particular focus on the effect firm size has on the relationship by studying the population of Slovene enterprises between 2007 and 2020. We find that while intangible assets are positively associated with productivity, but the link is by no means linear. Furthermore, micro firms appear to benefit most from investing in intangible assets, while the effect is less robust for SMEs and large firms. Amongst different types of intangible assets, the strongest effect on productivity was found for investment in property rights and good will, while long-term deferred development costs had a weaker effect on firm productivity.
Workers’ individual and dyadic coping with the COVID-19 health emergency: A cross cultural study

The aim of this study was to examine workers’ psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic as a function of their individual coping, dyadic coping, and work-family conflict. We also tested the moderating role of gender and culture in these associations. To achieve this aim, we run HLM analyses on data from 1521 workers cohabiting with a partner, coming from six countries (Italy, Spain, Malta, Cyprus, Greece, and Russia) characterized by various degrees of country-level individualism/collectivism. Across all six countries, findings highlighted that work-family conflict as well as the individual coping strategy social support seeking were associated with higher psychological distress for workers, while the individual coping strategy positive attitude and common dyadic coping were found to be protective against workers’ psychological distress. This latter association, moreover, was stronger in more individualistic countries.
Saturation-based Decision Procedures for Fixed Domain and Minimal Model Semantics

Superposition is an established decision procedure for a variety of first-order logic theories represented by sets of clauses. A satisfiable theory, saturated by superposition, implicitly defines a minimal Herbrand model for the theory. This raises the question in how far superposition calculi can be employed for reasoning about such minimal models. This is indeed often possible when existential properties are considered. However, proving universal properties directly leads to a modification of the minimal model’s termgenerated domain, as new Skolem functions are introduced. For many applications, this is not desired because it changes the problem. In this thesis, I propose the first superposition calculus that can explicitly represent existentially quantified variables and can thus compute with respect to a given fixed domain. It does not eliminate existential variables by Skolemization, but handles them using additional constraints with which each clause is annotated. This calculus is sound and refutationally complete in the limit for a fixed domain semantics. For saturated Horn theories and classes of positive formulas, the calculus is even complete for proving properties of the minimal model itself, going beyond the scope of known superpositionbased approaches. The calculus is applicable to every set of clauses with equality and does not rely on any syntactic restrictions of the input. Extensions of the calculus lead to various new decision procedures for minimal model validity. A main feature of these decision procedures is that even the validity of queries containing one quantifier alternation can be decided. In particular, I prove that the validity of any formula with at most one quantifier alternation is decidable in models represented by a finite set of atoms and that the validity of several classes of such formulas is decidable in models represented by so-called disjunctions of implicit generalizations. Moreover, I show that the decision of minimal model validity can be reduced to the superposition-based decision of first-order validity for models of a class of predicative Horn clauses where all function symbols are at most unary.
Soil Respiration Response to Simulated Precipitation Change Depends on Ecosystem Type and Study Duration

Soil respiration—the flow of biologically‐generated CO2 from the soil surface to the atmosphere—is a major component of global carbon cycling, but the long‐term response of this flux to altered precipitation regimes remains uncertain, due to different responses of soil respiration in distinct ecosystems with varying degrees of water limitation. We conducted a meta‐analysis to determine the role of soil characteristics (organic carbon stock and clay content), study duration, and ecosystem type (e.g., forest, grassland, etc) in modifying the response of soil respiration to precipitation change. In general, decreased precipitation (N = 128 effect size pairs) decreased soil respiration rates. In contrast, increased precipitation (N = 141) had a more variable and on‐average weak positive effect on this flux; significantly increasing soil respiration only in desert ecosystems. The long‐term response of ecosystems varied, with those that are less constrained by water‐availability (e.g., forests) showing acclimation over time to altered precipitation. Soil organic carbon stock strongly modified the response of soil respiration to decreased precipitation (p < 0.0001), but only weakly modified the response to increased precipitation (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that ecosystems with limited soil water‐holding capacity and strong inherent water‐limitation will show long‐term dynamic change in soil respiration regardless of the direction of precipitation change.
Suicídio de jovens no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, estudo epidemiológico, toxicológico e transversal entre 2017 e 2019

O conhecimento acerca do perfil das vítimas jovens de suicídio no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) faz-se necessário para o enfrentamento desse grave problema de saúde pública. Nesse trabalho, foram avaliados todos os laudos periciais e ocorrências policiais relacionados ao suicídio na faixa de 15 a 29 anos ocorridos entre 2017 e 2019 no RS. O estudo foi descritivo e transversal, incluindo análise de correspondência múltipla, modelos de regressão logística (α=0,05) e pesquisa de novas substâncias psicoativas (NSP) em amostras forenses de sangue. Ao total, suicidaram-se 725 jovens no RS, com uma taxa média de 9,5 casos/100 mil habitantes/ano e aumento de 28,7% de 2018 para 2019. A maior frequência de casos foi registrada na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e as maiores taxas, na região norte do estado. As vítimas jovens mostraram uma razão de chances 3,1 vezes maior de serem da raça parda (versus raça branca); 2,5 vezes maior de o suicídio ocorrer durante a noite (versus turno da manhã); 2,1 vezes maior de apresentarem ausência parental; 1,5 vezes maior de não apresentarem antecedentes criminais; 1,9 vezes maior da presença de substâncias ilícitas e 3,4 vezes maior da ausência de medicamentos. A detecção de etanol ocorreu em 28,4% das amostras analisadas; de medicamentos, em 19,7% e de alguma substância ilícita, em 22,3%. Não houve associação (p=0,394) entre as NSP e os jovens que se suicidaram no RS. Os dados apresentados auxiliam na compreensão desse agravo, direcionando novas pesquisas e subsidiando a elaboração de medidas preventivas.
FLORY-HUGGINS INTERACTION PARAMETER FOR PVA-WATER IN HYDROGELS PREPARED BY TWO METHODS: FREEZING/THAWING AND CROSSLINKING WITH CITRIC ACID

PVA hydrogels are largely used for biomedical applications due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and suitable mechanical strength. These hydrogels can be synthetized by several methods. In this work hydrogels were obtained by two methods, freezing/thawing, and crosslinking with citric acid. The degree of swelling for both types of hydrogels was in the range of 60-70% which corresponds to a medium degree of swelling. Young’s modulus measurements gave values in the range of 0.20 to 4.00 MPa, which are proper values for tissue regeneration or wound healing applications. Crosslinking degree was found to be higher for the freezing/thawing hydrogels, in agreement with a lower percentage of hydration and a higher modulus. By means of the Flory-Rehner model, the interaction parameter (χ) of PVA - water was calculated. This value depends on the availability of OH groups in the polymer. The highest value of c was found for the hydrogels crosslinked with citric acid, revealing that their water-polymer interactions are weaker than those occurring in freezing/thawing hydrogels, which has more available OH groups. However, values higher than 0.5 were found for both types of hydrogels, indicating insolubility in water; therefore, these values imply mechanical stability in aqueous solutions for a relative long time. It is concluded that freezing/thawing is a more reproducible method, which allows the modulation of the crosslinking degree, perhaps, the most important parameter to be controlled.
A Compton thick AGN in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 4785

We present X-ray observations of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in NGC 4785. The source is a local Seyfert 2 which has not been studied so far in much detail. It was recently detected with high significance in the 15–60? keV band in the 66-month Swift/BAT (Burst Array Telescope) all sky survey, but there have been no prior pointed X-ray observations of this object. With Suzaku, we clearly detect the source below 10? keV, and find it to have a flat continuum and prominent neutral iron fluorescence line with equivalent width ? 1? keV. Fitting the broad-band spectra with physical reflection models shows the source to be a Compton-thick AGN with NH of at least 2 × 1024? cm? 2 and absorption-corrected 2–10? keV X-ray power L2? 10 ? few times 1042 erg s? 1. Realistic uncertainties on L2? 10 computed from the joint confidence interval on the intrinsic power-law continuum photon index and normalization are at least a factor of 10. The local bona fide Compton-thick AGN population is highly heterogeneous in terms of WISE mid-infrared source colours, and the nucleus of NGC 4785 appears especially sub-dominant in the mid-infrared when comparing to other Compton-thick AGN. Such sources would not be easily found using mid-infrared selection alone. The extent of host galaxy extinction to the nucleus is not clear, though NGC 4785 shows a complex core with a double bar and inner disc, adding to the list of known Compton-thick AGN in barred host galaxies.