Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turnstile streaming algorithms might as well be linear sketches

In the turnstile model of data streams, an underlying vector x ∈ {--m,--m+1,. , m--1,m}n is presented as a long sequence of positive and negative integer updates to its coordinates. A randomized algorithm seeks to approximate a function f(x) with constant probability while only making a single pass over this sequence of updates and using a small amount of space. All known algorithms in this model are linear sketches: they sample a matrix A from a distribution on integer matrices in the preprocessing phase, and maintain the linear sketch A·x while processing the stream. At the end of the stream, they output an arbitrary function of A · x. One cannot help but ask: are linear sketches universal? In this work we answer this question by showing that any 1-pass constant probability streaming algorithm for approximating an arbitrary function f of x in the turnstile model can also be implemented by sampling a matrix A from the uniform distribution on O(n logm) integer matrices, with entries of magnitude poly(n), and maintaining the linear sketch Ax. Furthermore, the logarithm of the number of possible states of Ax, as x ranges over {--m,--m + 1,. , m}n, plus the amount of randomness needed to store A, is at most a logarithmic factor larger than the space required of the space-optimal algorithm. Our result shows that to prove space lower bounds for 1-pass streaming algorithms, it suffices to prove lower bounds in the simultaneous model of communication complexity, rather than the stronger 1-way model. Moreover, the fact that we can assume we have a linear sketch with polynomially-bounded entries further simplifies existing lower bounds, e.g., for frequency moments we present a simpler proof of the Ω(n1-2/k) bit complexity lower bound without using communication complexity.
Direct comparison of tricyclic and serotonin-reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in randomized head-to-head trials in acute major depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: A comparison across trials conducted over several decades suggested superior efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) over selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, this outcome may reflect a selective secular decline of responses after randomization to placebo. Remaining uncertainty encouraged direct comparison of the drug-types in trials involving randomized, head-to-head comparisons. Methods: We systematically identified reports of randomized trials of TCAs versus SSRIs for major depression in several digital databases, and applied standard meta-analytic and multiple-factor regression methods to analyze and pool the findings. Results: In 89 head-to-head trials, there was no detectable overall difference in responder rates or percent-improvement between TCAs and SSRIs. In addition to non-difference between drug-types, outcomes were unrelated to reporting-year, trial-size or nominal duration, proportion of women participants, initial depression ratings, rating scales, subjects/arm, imipramine-equivalent mg/day drug dose, or dropout rate. Trial size and duration increased significantly over the years 1980–2016. Conclusions: Previous evidence suggesting superior benefits of TCAs over SSRIs for the treatment of acute major depression is probably an artifact of a selective secular decline in responses to placebo, as no difference was found in a large series of direct comparisons of these antidepressant-types.
“You're in the Army Now:” The Impact of World War II on Women's Education, Work, and Family

World War II temporarily halted the rise in high school and college graduation rates. This article shows that manpower mobilization for World War II decreased educational attainment among high school-age females during the early 1940s, reduced employment and earnings, and altered decisions regarding family formation. I then provide evidence that women in this cohort returned to school in later life and relate these findings to the “quiet revolution” taking place as women learned about the benefits of school and work over the second half of the twentieth century. “Education has been ever in the nation's service. But in these days of total war that service has a new significance. ‘You're in the Army now’ is no cliche–it is an expression of national necessity. ” 1
Design of Multiaxial Accelerometers with Simplicial Architectures for Rigid-Body Pose-and-Twist Estimation

Accelerometer arrays are used in biomechanics and other fields to estimate the rigid-body acceleration field and, thence, all kinematic variables describing the rigid-body displacements. However, the progress of this technology has been limited by that of micromachined gyroscopes, which turn out to be more accurate than accelerometer arrays in most applications. The work reported in this thesis aims at improving the accuracy of the angular velocity estimates provided by accelerometer arrays. The approach is twofold: A class of accelerometer mechanical architectures is proposed, with the goal of reducing the accelerometer cross-axis sensitivity, and robust algorithms are proposed to estimate the angular velocity from some or all components of the rigid-body acceleration field. The novel class of accelerometers is inspired from parallel-kinematics-machine (PKM) architectures, taking the accelerometer proof mass to be the PKM moving platform, and the accelerometer frame the PKM base. A common characteristic of the proposed PKM architectures is that their moving platforms are connected to their bases by n + 1 legs each, n = 1, 2, 3 being their respective number of sensitive directions. For this reason, the resulting class of accelerometers is referred to as "Simplicial Multiaxial Accelerometers" (SMA). A micro-scale version of the Simplicial Biaxial Accelerometer (SBA) was devised, designed, fabricated, and tested. Furthermore, the theory behind the estimation of the angular velocity from acceleration measurements is revisited. Hence, four algorithms are proposed, which allow for the estimation of the rigid-body angular velocity from centripetal acceleration measurements alone. Based on Kalman filtering, another method is proposed in order to obtain a rigid-body angular-velocity estimate from both the centripetal and tangential components of the rigid-body acceleration field.
Nonparametric Message Passing Methods for Cooperative Localization and Tracking

The objective of this thesis is the development of cooperative localization and tracking algorithms using nonparametric message passing techniques. In contrast to the most well-known techniques, the goal is to estimate the posterior probability density function (PDF) of the position of each sensor. This problem can be solved using Bayesian approach, but it is intractable in general case. Nevertheless, the particle-based approximation (via nonparametric representation), and an appropriate factorization of the joint PDFs (using message passing methods), make Bayesian approach acceptable for inference in sensor networks. The well-known method for this problem, nonparametric belief propagation (NBP), can lead to inaccurate beliefs and possible non-convergence in loopy networks. Therefore, we propose four novel algorithms which alleviate these problems: nonparametric generalized belief propagation (NGBP) based on junction tree (NGBP-JT), NGBP based on pseudo-junction tree (NGBP-PJT), NBP based on spanning trees (NBP-ST), and uniformly-reweighted NBP (URW-NBP). We also extend NBP for cooperative localization in mobile networks. In contrast to the previous methods, we use an optional smoothing, provide a novel communication protocol, and increase the efficiency of the sampling techniques. Moreover, we propose novel algorithms for distributed tracking, in which the goal is to track the passive object which cannot locate itself. In particular, we develop distributed particle filtering (DPF) based on three asynchronous belief consensus (BC) algorithms: standard belief consensus (SBC), broadcast gossip (BG), and belief propagation (BP). Finally, the last part of this thesis includes the experimental analysis of some of the proposed algorithms, in which we found that the results based on real measurements are very similar with the results based on theoretical models.
Simulation of Tempered Stable Lévy Bridges and Its Applications

We consider tempered stable Levy subordinators and develop a bridge sampling method. An approximate conditional probability density function (PDF) given the terminal values is derived with stable index less than one, using the double saddlepoint approximation. We then propose an acceptance-rejection algorithm based on the existing gamma bridge and the inverse Gaussian bridge as proposal densities. Its performance is comparable to existing sequential sampling methods such as Devroye (2009) [Devroye L (2009) Random variate generation for exponentially and ploynomially tilted stable distributions. ACM Trans. Modeling Comput. Simulation 19(4):18:1–20. ] and Hofert (2011) [Hofert M (2011) Sampling exponentially tilted stable distributions. ACM Trans. Modeling Comput. Simulation 22(1):3:1–11. ] when generating a fixed number of observations. As applications, we consider option pricing problems in Levy models. First, we demonstrate the effectiveness of bridge sampling when combined with adaptive sampling under finite-variance CGMY processes. Second, further efficiency gain is achieved in terms of variance reduction via stratified sampling.
Protocols and Light-Weight Algorithms for Wireless Authentication Through Side Channels in IEEE 802 . 11 Communication

Problem Description Digital Signatures are used in many areas of every day life. Application areas include payment systems, electronic health cards and SIM cards for mobile phones. With the advent of contactless smart cards, new and important fields of application have recently emerged, like the electronic passport, which is now deployed in many countries, especially in Europe and the US. Other countries, like Belgium, also issue electronic ID cards to their citizens [ePr03]. Digital Signatures can also be used for other areas of application, e.g. detecting product counterfeiting. Many of the above mentioned applications have a need for strong security. Digital signatures provide authenticity, integrity and support for non-repudiation of data and are often used in identification and authentication protocols on embedded devices. As embedded devices are usually provided in high quantities, there is also a need to keep costs as low as possible. This is one of the reasons why most of the microprocessor cards in use are still equipped with small and cheap 8-bit CPUs. These small 8-bit microprocessors are constrained in program memory (flash or ROM), RAM, clock speed, register width, and arithmetic capabilities. Common signature schemes such as RSA and ECDSA require operations in a finite field for the signature generation and verification. For efficient implementations in microcontrollers, costly co-processors that implement the field arithmetic are required. In 1979 Merkle proposed a signature scheme that requires only hash function evaluations for the signature generation and verification [Mer89]. Since software implementations of hash functions are much more efficient than software implementations of finite field arithmetic, the Merkle Signature Scheme (MSS) is a good candidate for implementations on small microprocessors without finite field engine. Another benefit of the MSS is the fact that its security relies only on the cryptographic properties of the used hash function and not on additional number theoretic assumptions. If the hash function used for the MSS is found insecure, it can be replaced by a secure one to obtain a new and secure instance of the MSS. It is therefore highly desirable to have an efficient implementation of an MSS variant for 8-bit CPUs. Efficiency of the Scheme Besides throughput, efficiency is very important: resources needed by an implementation of a cipher should be kept small. In fact, in many situations
Polycrystalline Si under strain: Elastic and lattice‐dynamical considerations

Expressions are derived for the effective phonon deformation potentials of polycrystalline materials, based on the properties of tensor invariants and the Voigt–Reuss–Hill averages [Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A 65, 349 (1952)]. These results, and similar ones for the elastic constants, are used to determine the effect of strains on the long‐wavelength optical phonons exhibited by such materials. Application to polycrystalline Si shows that under a uniaxial or biaxial stress, the triply degenerate phonons split into singlet and doublet components that shift at different rates and appear indistinguishably in the Raman spectrum. The implications of such effects on the Raman band shape are discussed.
Small-Signal Analysis and Enhanced Control of Large-Scale PV-Penetrated Power Systems From the Electromechanical Oscillations Point of View

High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) plants in power systems may reduce the damping of electromechanical (EM) oscillatory modes. Implementing auxiliary controllers in the PV plant control system is a well-known technique that can improve the damping of these oscillations. Active power modulation (APM) is an effective auxiliary-control-based method that requires an energy source. Previous works have proposed employing an external energy storage system (ESS) as the energy source of the APM or deloading the PV plant by moving away from its maximum power point (MPP) characteristic. However, installing ESSs is expensive, and distancing from the MPP is not economical. By focusing on the dc-side components of large-scale PV plants, this study proposes an APM method that does not need any ESSs or deloading. Instead, this article first evaluates the available amount of stored energy in the dc-link capacitors of large-scale PV plant inverters and then proposes a novel controller to employ this energy for the APM. Furthermore, impacts of large-scale PV plant penetration levels with and without the proposed controller as well as the PV unit numbers and the power system parameters and operating point on the damping ratio of EM modes and the performance of the proposed controller with various feedback signal types and measurement delays are investigated.
Efficacy of Kinematic Parameters for Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Function and Disfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The aim of this review was to answer the following PICO question: “Do TMJ kinematic parameters (intervention and comparison) show efficacy for assessment of mandibular function (Outcome) both in asymptomatic and TMD subjects? (Population)”. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Central databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were (1) performed on human, (2) English only, (3) on healthy, symptomatic or surgically altered TMJ, (4) measured dynamic kinematics of mandible or TMJ (5) with six degrees of freedom. To assess the Risk of Bias, the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for non-randomised clinical studies was employed. A pairwise meta-analysis was carried out using STATA v.17. 0 (Stata). The heterogeneity was estimated using the Q value and the inconsistency index. Ninety-two articles were included in qualitative synthesis, nine studies in quantitative synthesis. The condylar inclination was significantly increased in female (effect size 0.03°, 95% CI: −0.06, 0.12, p = 0.00). Maximum mouth opening (MMO) was increased significantly in female population in comparison with males (effect size 0.65 millimetres (0.36, 1.66). Incisor displacement at MMO showed higher values for control groups compared with TMD subjects (overall effect size 0.16 millimetres (−0.37, 0.69). Evidence is still needed, considering the great variety of devices and parameters used for arthrokinematics. The present study suggests standardising outcomes, design, and population of the future studies in order to obtain more reliable and repeatable values.
Chronic stressors and trauma: prospective influences on the course of bipolar disorder

Background Exposure to life stress is known to adversely impact the course of bipolar disorder. Few studies have disentangled the effects of multiple types of stressors on the longitudinal course of bipolar I disorder. This study examines whether severity of chronic stressors and exposure to trauma are prospectively associated with course of illness among bipolar patients. Method One hundred and thirty-one participants diagnosed with bipolar I disorder were recruited through treatment centers, support groups and community advertisements. Severity of chronic stressors and exposure to trauma were assessed at study entry with in-person interviews using the Bedford College Life Event and Difficulty Schedule (LEDS). Course of illness was assessed by monthly interviews conducted over the course of 24 months (over 3000 assessments). Results Trauma exposure was related to more severe interpersonal chronic stressors. Multiple regression models provided evidence that severity of overall chronic stressors predicted depressive but not manic symptoms, accounting for 7.5% of explained variance. Conclusions Overall chronic stressors seem to be an important determinant of depressive symptoms within bipolar disorder, highlighting the importance of studying multiple forms of life stress.
Letters to the Editor References 'logan Na, Berkeley Rcw. Identification of Bacillus Strains Using the Api System. J Gen

2 Boyette DP, Rights FL. Heretofore unde-scribed aerobic sporeforming bacillus in child with meningitis. Detection of antibodies to Staphylococcus epidermidis in infected total hip replacements by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Infection is the most serious complication of total hip replacement operations, with reported rates of between 0-7%' and 11%. ' Coagulase negative staphylococci are often implicated in these prosthetic infections, but as they tend to be chronic and low grade, a positive diagnosis may, in some cases, be difficult. In these cases,the ability to detect the infection by showing increased concentrations of antibodies to the organism would be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis. The use of an agglutination test to detect antibodies to Staphylococcus epidermidis in patients with infected cere-brospinal fluid shunts has been described.34 Although a good discrimination between results from infected and uninfected patients was obtained in this generally younger population, this technique bas proved less successful in cases of infected total hip replacements, where most patients are over the age of 60. The use of cell wall teichoic acids from Staphylococcus aureus to detect the serological response to infections by these organisms has been successful,56 and we thought that a similar cell wall antigen from a coagulase negative staphylococcus might be used for the detection of prosthetic infection. Staphylococcus epidermidis sensu stricto, which contains the cell wall polysaccharide B,' is the most common biotype of coagulase negative staphylococcus isolated from clinical sources. An antigen was therefore prepared from an organism known to contain cell wall polysaccharide B, and its potential for use in the serological diagnosis of infection of total hip replacements was investigated.
Characterization of Chronic Glucocorticoid Exposure on Natural Killer Cell Function: A Model for Stress Induced Alterations on the Epigenetic Landscape

xii CHAPTER ONE: LITERATURE REVIEW The Immune System 1 Hematopoiesis 2 Natural Killer Cells 4 Killer Immunoglobulin Receptors (KIRs) 7 Cytolytic Granules: Perforin and Granzymes 10 Natural Killer Cells and Cytokines 13 Conclusion 16 Glucocorticoids Introduction 17 The HPA axis and Diurnal Cortisol Rhythms 17 The Glucocorticoid Receptor 19 Glucocorticoids and Inflammation 21 Glucocorticoids and Natural Killer Cells 23 Conclusion Epigenetics Introduction 25 The Histone Code 27 Histone Modifying Enzymes 29 The Glucocorticoid Receptor and Epigenetics 32 Conclusion 34 Psychoneuroimmunology Introduction 35 Breast Cancer Diagnosis and the Psychological Consequences 36 Psychological Stress and the HPA axis 39 Stress, NK cells, and Cancer 40 Conclusion 42 CHAPTER TWO: MATERIALS AND METHODS 43
Adolescents’ diet quality in relation to their relatives’ and peers’ diet engagement and encouragement: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study

Abstract Objective To examine the associations between adolescents’ diet quality and their perceived relatives’ and peers’ diet engagement and encouragement. Design Cross-sectional study performed in European countries. Diet quality was scored using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) based on four components: quality, diversity, balance and meal frequency. Perceived diet quality engagement and perceived encouragement of the relatives/peers were assessed using the questions ‘How healthy is each of the following persons’ diet? ’ and ‘How often does each of the following persons encourage you to eat a healthy diet? ’ Setting Vienna, Ghent, Lille, Athens, Heraklion, Pecs, Rome, Dortmund, Zaragoza and Stockholm. Subjects Healthy adolescents (n 2943). Results The perceived engagement level of the mother, father and sister was each positively associated with the DQI-A (P<0·05). A positive association was found for the perceived engagement level of siblings, father and mother with all specific components (P<0·05). DQI-A was negatively associated with the perceived encouragement level from a best friend and positively associated with the encouragement level of the mother and father (P<0·05). Diversity, balance and quality components were positively associated with the perceived encouragement level from the mother and father (P<0·05), whereas the best friend’s perceived encouragement was negatively associated with the meal frequency component (P<0·01). Conclusions These findings highlight the role of social engagement and encouragement of relatives and peers in adolescents’ diet quality. Intervention or promotion programmes aimed at enhancing diet quality in adolescents should target both family and peers.
Potential of Fusarium mangiferae as an etiological agent of mango malformation.

Taxonomy of the causal fungus of mango malformation (MM) disease has passed through different phases. The fungus at first named as F. moniliforme was elevated to species level as F. subglutinans. Two new species viz. Fusarium mangiferae and F. sterilihyphosum Britz. found responsible for causing MM have been characterized in South Africa in the year 2002. Presence of F. mangiferae in Asian clade emphasized the need to confirm the specific species in the mango orchards of Pakistan. The assay of malformed parts of mango varieties obtained from five districts of the Punjab province of Pakistan revealed the association of four fungi viz., F. mangiferae, F. pallidoroseum, F. equiseti and Alternaria alternata while F. mangiferae proved to be the major infecting fungus. The colonies of F. mangiferae were tinged with purple and rosy buff color on Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Macroconidia were four celled with dorsal and ventral surfaces almost parallel. Maximum within tissue infection (40.53%) in five districts was caused by F. mangiferae. The present studies reveal the infectivity and dominant association of F. mangiferae with malformed tissues of diverse origins.