Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multi-Stage Approach Combining Feature Selection with Machine Learning Techniques for Higher Prediction Reliability and Accuracy in Heart Disease Diagnosis

The accuracy in predicting Heart Disease (HD), obtained using different data mining approaches, is around 85 percent so far. An error of 15 percent or so is either type 1 or type 2, meaning a person with HD goes un-detected (type 1), or a person without HD undergoes an HD treatment (type 2). Several studies exist on the application of ensemble techniques; however, the quest for increasing the accuracy levels will continue until an approach provides 100 percent accuracy and reliability. The literature review shows that there are no single data mining techniques that give consistent results for all types of healthcare datasets, and the performance of data mining techniques depends on the type of dataset [1-3]. In this paper, the authors compared various classification methods and feature selection techniques on the same dataset. In this paper the authors compared the performance of various classification methods and feature selection techniques on the same dataset. This paper combines two stages, first identifying the significant features using different methods and then testing the change in accuracy of prediction using different standalone Machine Learning (ML) algorithms like Naive Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT)) and Ensemble Classifiers like Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GDB) and Extra Trees (ET) for predicting heart disease (HD). A survey of patients shows that the significant factors considered, by doctors, as the first step to assess the possibility of heart disease include age, sex, test results of blood pressure, cholesterol, and echo-cardio-gram (ECG). This study shows that the prediction accuracy using these features can produce accuracy only to 51 percent. Feature selection techniques may be used to recognize and delete unwanted, obsolete, and redundant attributes from dataset that do not contribute to the accuracy of the predictive model which can potentially reduce the accuracy of the model. Fewer attributes are advantageous because they minimize the complexity of the model, and a simpler model is simpler to understand and explain. Most of the research article explains the estimation of heart disease in the medical profession by the use of data science. As several research studies have done on this issue, however, the accuracy of forecasts still needs to be improved. Thus, this study focuses on feature selection methods, and ML algorithms are used for the analysis of observations and the enhancement of accuracy. By this research, authors achieved an accuracy of 96.77 % and a precision level of 100%. Keywords—Multistage approach; Heart Disease; Feature Selection; Machine Learning Techniques; Type 1 & Type 2 Errors; Prediction reliability and accuracy.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING: A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON ITS METHODOLOGIES

1Assosiate Professor, Dept. of IT, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Madagadipet, Puducherry. 2,3,4Student, Dept. of IT, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Engineering College, Madagadipet, Puducherry ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Human heart is the major organ in human body which is used to siphon the blood and supply it to all organs. Cardiovascular diseases occur due to failure in action of heart functions, its vessels, muscles, valves etc. According to current scenario estimated by WHO, major deaths in India is due to cardiovascular disease, approximately one person dies per minute. In clinical field predicting of occurrences of heart diseases is tedious work which may help many of the people to save their life as quick as possible. Basically machine learning techniques are used to predict the heart diseases, by using various techniques including supervised or unsupervised techniques. So in this paper we discussed on the various methodologies used to predict heart diseases which gives us overall study of the existing work.
Majority Voting In Multi-Class Domains with Biased Annotators

© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7669 Majority Voting In Multi-Class Domains with Biased Annotators Lyby Thomas Student, Dept of Dual Degree Computer Applications, Sree Narayana Guru Institute of Science and Technology Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Majority voting may be a popular and robust strategy to aggregate different opinions in learning from crowds, where each worker labels examples consistent with their own criteria although it's been extensively studied within the binary case, its behavior with multiple classes isn't completely clear, specifically when annotations are biased. This paper attempts to fill that gap. The behavior of the bulk voting strategy is studied indepth in multi-class domains, emphasizing the effect of annotation bias. By means of an entire experimental setting, we show the restrictions of the quality majority voting strategy. The use of three simple techniques that infer global information from the annotations and annotators allows us to place the performance of the bulk voting strategy in context
Appropriate relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions minimizes the risk of a resurgence in SARS-CoV-2 infections in spite of the Delta variant

We analyze the relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) under an increasing number of vaccinations in Germany. For the spread of SARS-CoV-2 we employ a SIR-type model that accounts for age-dependence and includes realistic contact patterns between age groups. The implementation of NPIs occurs on changed contact patterns, improved isolation, or reduced infectiousness when, e.g., wearing masks. We account for spatial heterogeneity and commuting activities in between regions in Germany, and the testing of commuters is considered as a further NPI. We include the ongoing vaccination process and analyse the effect of the B.1. 617.2 (Delta) variant, which is considered to be 20%-60% more infectious then the currently dominant B.1. 1.7 (Alpha) variant. We explore different opening scenarios under the ongoing vaccination process by assuming that local restrictions are either lifted in early July or August with or without continued wearing of masks and testing. Our results indicate that we can counteract the resurgence of SARS-CoV-2 despite the Delta variant with appropriate timing for the relaxation of NPIs. In all cases, however, school children are hit the hardest.
Influences of Amplitude Tapering and Feed Blockage on the Radiation Characteristics of Ku-Band Parabolic Reflector Antennas

─ In this work, the influences of amplitude tapering and feed aperture blocking in gain and first sidelobe level of Ku-band parabolic reflector antennas are investigated. Two different parabolic antenna configuration groups are proposed to determine each of these degradation factors. Designed parabolic reflectors are fed by pyramidal and conic horns to observe the blockage effect of feed type on Ku-band satellite reception applications. In the first examination to designate the influence of illumination loss due to amplitude tapering four parabolic reflectors are designed with 8 dB, 10 dB, 15 dB and 20 dB edge taper values on reflector apertures. Thereafter, thanks to the reflectors designed with the same edge taper value, but having different diameters, it became possible to observe, purely the influence of feed blockage on the radiation characteristics. Both theoretical and simulated patterns of reflector systems are presented. Index Terms ─ Amplitude tapering, conic horn, feed blockage, illumination loss, parabolic reflector antenna, pyramidal horn.
Cycling as Transportation & COVID-19: Advantages of Shared Bicycles during Epidemics

In addition to the environmental problems that have plagued human life in recent decades, the outbreak of the coronavirus epidemic has endangered people's health and adversely affected their lives in other ways Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the advantage of using shared bicycles (SB) during the outbreak of epidemics For this purpose, 310 male subscribers of an SB system were examined The research tool was a questionnaire taken from studies The results showed that the environmental and health advantages were favourable, but the place advantage indicated a relatively unfavourable situation The results of the structural equation model also showed that the advantages of using an SB based on the highest impact are the motivational advantage, health advantage, environmental advantage, social advantage, financial advantage and place advantage These results can provide useful solutions for governments to reduce environmental risks and maintain health and physical activity during epidemics © 2021 Montenegrin Sports Academy All rights reserved
Pressure Degradation Kinetics of Anthocyanin Pigment and Visual Color of Chinese Bayberry Juice

Pressure degradation kinetics of the anthocyanin pigment content and visual color (L, a, and b values) of Chinese bayberry juice were evaluated at selected pressures (400, 500, and 600 MPa) and holding times (5–10 min). Results indicated that the degradation of anthocyanin content after high pressure processing and during storage followed the first-order models, as well as the change of a and L × a × b values after high pressure processing. The activation energies (Va) for anthocyanin content, a and L × a × b changes after high pressure processing were –19.845, –14.915, and –12.908 cm3 mol–1, respectively. Va analysis indicated that anthocyanin was more pressure sensitive than visual color parameters.
Design and Implementation of Spatial Modulation Technique For 5G Wireless Networks

Department of ECE, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India 602117 -----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract— The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Index Modulation (OFDM-IM) is a specialized multicarrier transmission technique which has being implementing recently in 5G technology as an alternative to classical MIMO-OFDM. Here, OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) is the combination of MIMO and Index modulation transmission technique it is prefered to get more advantages in 5G technology. The main concept of IM is to utilize the index subcarrier to pass the data to receiver. Therefore spatial modulation in OFDM with MIMO is considered as a more efficient transmission technique for 5G systems. The main principle of index modulation is to utilize the active subcarriers indices deals with orthogonal multiplexing system as an extra source of information. And, it is verified by the MMSE dectectors that arrange index modulation in OFDM-IM to accomplishes higher performance of bit error rate and this establish OFDM with multiple antennas for better BER(Bit Error Rate) performance in system configuration. Here we have proposed MIMO-OFDM with IM that achieves efficiently higher BER performance than the classical OFDM in different system configurations.
EVOLVING KNOWLEDGE: EMPOWERING INFORMATION USERS

The quality of semi-structured and unstructured information on Intranets is becoming increasingly important to the efficiency and competitiveness of organizations mainly employing knowledge workers. However, the greatest problem with the quality of information on Intranets is not that the initial process for insuring this quality is defective – usually, the quality of information is initially high. Rather, the main problem is the de-facto “decay” of previously high-quality information due to a lack of timely updates and changes to reflect the changing world around us. In this context, framing the problem of information quality in analogy to the production of an information product fails to address the problem. Rather, we must think about this challenge from the perspective of providing a service keeping up with ever-changing requirements. Here, total control (at the expense of speed) may actually be much less desirable than explicitly allowing “quick and dirty” changes that work most of the time.
Product Options

Options paying the product of put and or call option payouts at different strikes on two underlying assets are observed to synthesize joint densities and replicate differentiable functions of two underlying asset prices. The pricing of such options is undertaken from three perspectives. The first uses a geometric two dimensional Brownian motion model. The second inverts two dimensional characteristic functions. The third uses a bootstrapped physical measure to propose a risk charge minimizing hedge using options on the two underlying assets. The options are priced at the cost of the hedge plus the risk charge.
IPO-Audit Expertise, Audit Quality, and Capital Allocation Efficiency: Evidence from China

Backed by China's economic growth, the initial public offering (IPO) market in China has been one of the most vigorous in the world. In this market, practicing auditors routinely sit on the regulatory committee responsible for screening prospective IPO firms. Against this backdrop, we examine whether IPO-audit expertise can influence IPO-audit quality and capital allocation. We find that auditors with richer IPO-audit experience improve the quality of earnings in IPO prospectus, earn an audit fee premium, and are significantly more likely to be assigned to IPO engagements by audit firms or appointed to the regulatory committee by regulators. We also show that, by enhancing the credibility of information disclosure in IPO prospectus, IPO exper-tise of the regulatory committee members and the IPO engagement auditors improves capital allocation efficiency. Collectively, our evidence implies that a more sophisticated audit profes-sion can contribute to the development of capital market in a country.
Is the Market Portfolio Affected by Individual Investors' Preference and Wealth?

Merton (1990, p.44) claims that the market portfolio can be constructed without the knowledge of preferences and the distribution of wealth. However, the analytical equilibrium solution to the CAPM market reveals that it is not true. Investors' preferences and wealth affect the equilibrium price of the market, they do not affect the mathematical form of the CAPM formula, but change the values of the variables in the formula.
Leaving the (fund) gate ajar: investor protection or marketing ploy?

Using a sample of equity funds in China, we explore for the first time mutual funds that impose discretionary inflow restrictions (gates) on investors. Contrary to managers’ claim, we find no clear evidence that inflow gates protect investor interests. Despite their superior past performance, inflow-restricted funds’ subsequent returns decline dramatically. In addition, funds tilt toward a riskier investment strategy and deliver a negative risk-adjusted return when the gate is in place. Our analyses further reveal that, after announcing purchase limits on fund assets, funds attract extra flows and more retail investors. This is consistent with the scarcity principle in marketing. Overall, we suggest that leaving the fund gate ajar to investors appears to be more of a marketing ploy than a form of investor protection.
Role of Aspect Ratio and Joule Heating within the Fluid Region Near a Cylindrical Electrode in Electrokinetic Remediation: A Numerical Solution based on the Boundary Layer Model

Abstract This contribution focuses on the analysis of the hydrodynamics taking place near an electrode of cylindrical geometry in electrokinetic applications. Both the temperature development conditions and Joule heating effect are included. A boundary layer approach has been used to model the hydrodynamic in the system. This is based on the heat transfer model, the continuity equation, and the Navier–Stokes equation. The resulting set of two partial differential equations mutually coupled is solved applying the Von Karman integral approximation. A numerical solution of the differential–integral model is used to illustrate the behavior of the systems under a variety of conditions.
THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY RULES

Many studies in the literature have been focused on analysing the performance of alternative monetary policy rules, however they ignores the behaviour of fiscal policy rules. In this assignment, the analysis focuses on the monetary and fiscal policy interaction as set according to simple rules as adopted in the EJ2000 model by Leith and Wren-Lewis (2000). The analysis in this assignment also related to Woodford (1996). The assignment will examine the effect of different shocks (consumption shock, inflation shock and supply shock) under different interactions between monetary and fiscal policy (active and passive regimes) when both follows simple rules using the EJ2000 model. In the passive regime, is it better for monetary policy to be more passive or it would produce a worsen outcome. On the other hand, in an active policy, would further increase in fiscal activism dampen the effect of shocks? Additionally, is the nature of the inflationary process represented in Phillips curve (forward looking, backward looking or a combination of both) critical to delineate the stability of the dynamic of the model? And will considering a proportion of consumers as a credit constrained change the properties of the model. The assignment will cover all the above questions.
Prevalence Of Hypertension Among Residents Of Alakio Community, Lafia East Development Area, Nasarawa State

Hypertension. also referred to as high blood pressure, is a non-communicable disease (NCD) of global interest; posing a huge global health challenge and burden [1-6]. Reportedly, there is over a billion people affected by hypertension. It also accounts for over 7.5 million deaths and about 60 million disability-adjusted life years (DALY) globally [7,8]. Majorly asymptomatic with no specific sign, hypertension has been tagged a silent killer [9]. Its aetiology is multifactorial [1,10] and diagnosis is mostly random – usually observed when screening for other ailments – and rarely by intentional screening [11]. Abstract: There is a need for regular surveillance on the prevalence of hypertension, as evidence suggest an increase among rural dwellers. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypertension among residents of Alakio community, Lafia East Development Area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of rural communities of Alakio. A simple random method was used in this case study. Eligible persons were recruited into the study by spinning a bottle in the middle of a town hall, and the street the head pointed to was recorded. This process was repeated until sample was completed, with structured questionnaires administered and physical measurement were performed. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140-159/90-99mmHg for stage I hypertension and ≥160/100mmHg for stage II hypertension. There were 299 respondents of which 47.69%, 24.08%, 14.72% and 43.04% were between ages of 18-29yrs, 30-39yrs, 40-49yrs and 50yrs respectively. The overall prevalence of hypertension in the community was 13.38%, with male dominance to female. For the respondents, 68.89% had normal blood pressure and 18.73% were found to be pre-hypertensive. The prevalence risk factors in respondents that consume alcohol to those who do not were 41.47% and 58.53% respectively. A similar trend in the prevalence risk factor was also observed for smokers and non-smokers at 84.95% and 15.05% respectively Respondents that use extra salt in their foods and those who do not were 55.18% and 44.82% respectively. Creating awareness about the disease as well as regular blood pressure check and other medical practices which discourages sedentary lifestyle, would be more valuable in preventing the occurrence and high incidence of this disease. Health education by means of medical outreaches should be held regularly to address the damage associated with hypertension and to create awareness on the risk factors leading to hypertension.
The Phosphorus Concentration in Apple Leaves as Affected by Foliar Application of Its Compounds

SummaryThe P concentration in apple leaves increased after shoots were dipped in phosphate solutions. Initial uptake was rapid, irrespective of time of day, and there was a further, secondary, uptake overnight, but much of the P taken up was translocated away from the leaf within 24 h. The increase in leaf P concentration varied between occasions and between the concentrations and forms of phosphate used. H3 PO4 and K2 HPO4 gave greater increases than KH2 PO4, NaH2 PO4 and Ca(H2 PO4)2 until the final sampling of a 5-day experiment, when the concentration in K2 HPO4-treated leaves fell. Leaf damage occurred with H3 PO4 and K2 HPO4.
Optimization of Area and Power in Feed Forward Cut Set Free MAC Unit using EXOR Full Adder and 4:2 Compressor

MAC (Multiply Accumulate Unit) computation plays a important role in (DSP) Digital Signal Processing. The MAC is common step that computes the product of two numbers and add that product to an accumulator. Generally, the Pipelined architecture is used to improve the performance by reducing the length of the critical path. But, more number of flip flops are used when using the pipeline architecture that reduces the efficiency of MAC and increases the power consumption. On the basis of machine learning algorithm, this paper proposes a feed forward-cutset-free (FCF) pipelined MAC architecture that is specialized for a highperformance machine learning accelerator, and also proposes the new design concept of MFCF_PA using the concept of column addition stage with the 4:2 compressor. Therefore, the proposed design method reduces the area and the power consumption by decreasing the number of inserted flipflops for the pipelining when compared to the existing pipelined architecture for MAC computation. Finally, the proposed feed forward cutset free pipelined architecture for MAC is implemented in the VHDL and synthesized in XILINX and compared in terms of area, power and delay reports.