Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computers' Interpretations of Knowledge Representation Using Pre-Conceptual Schemas: An Approach Based on the BERT and Llama 2-Chat Models

Pre-conceptual schemas are a straightforward way to represent knowledge using controlled language regardless of context. Despite the benefits of using pre-conceptual schemas by humans, they present challenges when interpreted by computers. We propose an approach to making computers able to interpret the basic pre-conceptual schemas made by humans. To do that, the construction of a linguistic corpus is required to work with large language models—LLM. The linguistic corpus was mainly fed using Master’s and doctoral theses from the digital repository of the University of Nariño to produce a training dataset for re-training the BERT model; in addition, we complement this by explaining the elicited sentences in triads from the pre-conceptual schemas using one of the cutting-edge large language models in natural language processing: Llama 2-Chat by Meta AI. The diverse topics covered in these theses allowed us to expand the spectrum of linguistic use in the BERT model and empower the generative capabilities using the fine-tuned Llama 2-Chat model and the proposed solution. As a result, the first version of a computational solution was built to consume the language models based on BERT and Llama 2-Chat and thus automatically interpret pre-conceptual schemas by computers via natural language processing, adding, at the same time, generative capabilities. The validation of the computational solution was performed in two phases: the first one for detecting sentences and interacting with pre-conceptual schemas with students in the Formal Languages and Automata Theory course—the seventh semester of the systems engineering undergraduate program at the University of Nariño’s Tumaco campus. The second phase was for exploring the generative capabilities based on pre-conceptual schemas; this second phase was performed with students in the Object-oriented Design course—the second semester of the systems engineering undergraduate program at the University of Nariño’s Tumaco campus. This validation yielded favorable results in implementing natural language processing using the BERT and Llama 2-Chat models. In this way, some bases were laid for future developments related to this research topic.
Extraction of Cellulose from Ulva lactuca Algae and Its Use for Membrane Synthesis

Green algae are a sustainable source of biopolymers for the global demand due to their high photosynthetic efficiency. This article describes the extraction of cellulose from plant systems represented by Ulva lactuca species. In order to extract various substances, algae were finely ground with the help of solvents (liquid media). This was carried out to achieve the necessary conditions that help reduce the resistance this phase shows in regard to the transport and transfer of the species being extracted. The highest yield of extracted cellulose (20,944%) was obtained for the following factors: S/L = 1/20; conc. ethanol = 90%, conc. salts = 4 g/L. Hydrogel membranes are a unique class of macromolecular networks that contain a large fraction of aqueous solvent within their structure. With the cellulose extracted from algae, we obtained membranes which underwent the process of swelling in liquid media (ethyl alcohol) of different concentrations. The swelling of biocellulose membranes in alcoholic solutions of high concentrations was investigated. It was observed that the process of absorption of the alcoholic solution by the membrane occurred rapidly in the first part. After stabilization, the membranes continued to absorb at a slower rate until stabilization or saturation concentration was reached.
Extra-nodal Involvement in Adult Lymphomas, Experience, and Outcome

Background: Roughly 20% of lymphoma patients had extra-nodal involvement. With this study. Objectives: We aimed to present our experience with extra-nodal lymphoma in terms of presentation and outcome. Material and methods: This is an observational study that explored the PET/CT scan done to lymphoma patients who have either primary extra-nodal lymphoma or extra-nodal involvement in their initial staging workup. The study was conducted between 2019 and 2022. The population were adults who had histological confirmation of lymphoma, no other malignancy, and were presented with extra-nodal involvement were included in this study. All patients had initial and either interim or post-therapy scans. Results: A total of 27 patients with 54 PET/CT scans were included in this study. The median age was 32 (18-69) years, and 71.7% were males. 26.4% of the scans were done as initial assessment, while 5%, 47%, and 17% were interim assessment, post-therapy evaluation, and follow-up respectively. Hodgkin lymphoma was reported in 45.3% of the scan. The distribution of stage I, II, III and IV was 11.3%, 3.8%, 20.8% and 64.2% respectively. Primar extra-nodal lymphoma were seen in 45.3%. The detection rate of PETCT was higher in the bone marrow (22.6% versus 7.5% for CT, p = 0.008). There was non-significant trend toward higher detection rate for PET in spleen (32.1% versus 26.4%). PETCT changed the primary management of the cases in 42.9% of the cases. Conclusion: PETCT had upper hand compared to CT in detection rate of lesion especially for the spleen.
A chemical genetic roadmap to improved tomato flavor

Looking for lost flavor in tomatoes Commercially available tomatoes are renowned these days for sturdiness, but perhaps not for flavor. Heirloom varieties, on the other hand, maintain the richer flavors and sweeter tomatoes of years past. Tieman et al. combined tasting panels with chemical and genomic analyses of nearly 400 varieties of tomatoes. They identified some of the flavorful components that have been lost over time. Identification of the genes that have also gone missing provides a path forward for reinstating flavor to commercially grown tomatoes. Science, this issue p. 391 Genomic analysis shows what genes to put back to reinstate flavor in tomatoes. Modern commercial tomato varieties are substantially less flavorful than heirloom varieties. To understand and ultimately correct this deficiency, we quantified flavor-associated chemicals in 398 modern, heirloom, and wild accessions. A subset of these accessions was evaluated in consumer panels, identifying the chemicals that made the most important contributions to flavor and consumer liking. We found that modern commercial varieties contain significantly lower amounts of many of these important flavor chemicals than older varieties. Whole-genome sequencing and a genome-wide association study permitted identification of genetic loci that affect most of the target flavor chemicals, including sugars, acids, and volatiles. Together, these results provide an understanding of the flavor deficiencies in modern commercial varieties and the information necessary for the recovery of good flavor through molecular breeding.
Caixa de Ideias - Criando Jogos de Narrativa a partir de um Template Pré-definido

Os jogos sérios estão sendo usados em muitas áreas para desenvolver habilidades nos usuários-alvo. Na área da Saúde, jogos sérios são usados para ajudar os pacientes a entender os procedimentos aplicados durante os tratamentos. Quando o paciente é criança, o jogo pode ajudá-lo a compreender o tratamento, além do entretenimento. Este trabalho descreve um jogo sério desenvolvido com o apoio de profissionais de Saúde, visando apoiar o tratamento de crianças com doenças crônicas e com risco de vida. O jogo foi denominado “Narrativa Invertida” porque a criança vai criar a sua narrativa a partir de elementos pré-disponibilizados, tais como balões de fala, objetos e personagens. O objetivo do jogo é permitir que as crianças expressem seus sentimentos por meio da história criada e que os profissionais de Saúde utilizem esse artefato com recursos terapêuticos para iniciar um diálogo ou um procedimento terapêutico.
Keeping Your Joints Flexible Throughout Life

People are built to move. To survive, not so long ago, we had to search for food every day as hunters or gatherers. In modern times, however, our way of life has changed drastically. We can buy our food at the supermarket and many people can do their work at a desk. As a result, we move less and sit for several hours every day. This is called a sedentary lifestyle. Sedentary activities can lead to a dramatic decrease in flexibility in the joints. To overcome those challenges, we can do a variety of activities such as performing sports that require the full range of motion of our joints, as well as doing stretch training, foam rolling, or resistance training.
THE DYNAMIC CAUSAL LINKAGE BETWEEN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM ETHIOPIA

This paper investigates the dynamic causal linkage between bank-based financial development and economic growth in Ethiopia during the period from 1980 to 2014. The study includes savings and investment as intermittent variables in an attempt to address the omission of variable bias – thereby creating a multivariate Granger-causality model. Using the newly developed autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration and the error-correction model-based causality model, the study finds that in the short run, both financial development and economic growth Granger-cause each other in Ethiopia. However, in the long run, there is unidirectional Granger-causality from bank-based financial development to economic growth. The study, therefore, recommends that policies aimed at enhancing both economic growth and financial development should be pursued in the short run. However, in the long run, policies that target the development of the banking sector should be prioritised in order to ensure a sustained growth path. La relazione causale dinamica tra sviluppo finanziario e crescita economica: evidenze empiriche dall’Etiopia Questo studio esamina la relazione causale dinamica tra lo sviluppo finanziario basato sulle banche e la crescita economica in Etiopia durante il periodo 1980-2014. Lo studio include il risparmio e gli investimenti come variabili intermittenti nel tentativo di neutralizzare il bias dovuto alle variabili omesse – creando cosi un modello di Granger-causalita multivariato. Utilizzando un approccio autoregressivo a ritardi distribuiti sviluppato recentemente e un modello di causalita error-correction, lo studio rileva che in Etiopia nel breve periodo tra sviluppo finanziario e crescita economica sussiste una relazione di Granger-causalita reciproca. Invece nel lungo periodo c’e Granger-causalita unidirezionale dallo sviluppo finanziario basato sulle banche alla crescita economica. Questo lavoro suggerisce che, nel breve periodo, si dovrebbero perseguire politiche tendenti a stimolare sia la crescita economica che lo sviluppo finanziario, mentre nel lungo periodo si dovrebbe dare priorita a politiche che mirano allo sviluppo del settore bancario al fine di assicurare una crescita sostenibile.
Polarimetric Channel Imbalance Evaluation of GF-3 SAR Products by Bragg-Like Targets

Polarimetric calibration is crucial to ensure the accuracy and reliability of subsequent application results. Since Gaofen-3(GF-3) has been providing polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar images for six years, it is necessary to monitor the polarimetric performance by estimating the residual channel imbalance. In this article, we proposed an improved algorithm based on zero helix component of Bragg-like targets. The method can provide transmitting and receiving channel imbalances results and can be applied to the large-scale polarimetric evaluation. We verified the effectiveness of the algorithm and assessed the residual channel imbalance in the multibeam polarimetric products of GF-3 quad-polarimetric Stripmap from 2019 to 2023. The experiments indicate that the residual channel imbalance changes in the same strip observation and the polarimetric performance remains stable. The evaluation conclusions can be used as references for subsequent application of GF-3 polarimetric products.
Changes in yield, leaf area and fluorescence chlorophyll parameters of different forage grasses cultivars under drought stress

The aim of the study was to assess the effects of water deficit on yield, leaf area and fluorescence chlorophyll parameters of forage grasses. The pot experiment was conducted in 2013 in IUNG-PIB’s greenhouse in Puławy. Nine cultivars of five species (Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Festuca pratensis, Festuca arundinacea and Festulolium braunii) were investigated in well-watered conditions (70% field water capacity) as well as in a short-term drought stress conditions (40% field water capacity). The study showed, that dry matter of yield, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters: quantum of photosynthetic yield efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio) and performance index (PI) and leaf area were significantly lower in drought stress than under well-watered conditions in all cultivars in each regrowth. The data demonstrated the highest yield decrease for F. arundunacea cv. Barolex in the first, for L. perenne cv. Melluck and Meltador in the second and for F. braunii cv. Felopa in the third regrowth. The hybrid F. braunii was characterized by the lowest yield reduction and PI parameter in first and second regrowth. Based on the yield average, short drought resistance of different species was in the following order: F. pratensis > F. braunii – L. multiflorum > F. arundinacea > L. perenne. There was a significant relationship between dry matter yield and leaf area, and also between dry matter yield and fluorescence chlorophyll parameters.
Developmental models shed light on the earliest dental tissues, using Astraspis as an example

Fossils of extinct jawless vertebrates are pivotal to deciphering the evolutionary paths that led to the various forms of the vertebrate skeleton. For example, Pteraspidomorphs (stem‐gnathostomes), such as the Ordovician Astraspis, display some of the oldest remains of bony and ‘dental’ (dentine and enameloid) tissues. However, the identification of the very nature of these early mineralized tissues has been hampered by a lack of unambiguous diagnostic characters. As development is key to identifying the derivation of these tissues, we developed an integrative and generic histogenetic model, testing several ontogenetic scenarios. We illustrate our approach on the basis of the well‐preserved Astraspis samples and show how this can be used to infer key developmental features from extinct species. This study suggests that in the odontodes of Astraspis: (1) the initial curvature of the epithelium was close to the shape of the final external surface; (2) the mesenchymal cells differentiate synchronously in the whole inner periphery; and (3) the capping tissue was produced by both mesenchymal and epithelial cells (enameloid rather than enamel). Astraspis specimens also provide evidence of a dual growth periodicity, possibly homologous to Andresen and von Ebner growth lines observed in amniotes, suggesting this type of dual periodicity may be shared by most vertebrates. We estimated that an Astraspis odontode grew up in around 60–70 days at a rate of 0.5–5 μm/day. The new developmental approach proposed in this study could be a robust framework for critically evaluating the tissues of extinct taxa in the future.
Comparing self-esteem and self-compassion: an analysis within the big five personality traits framework

Self-esteem and self-compassion are two ways to relate to oneself. However, little is known about the similarities and differences between these two constructs. The current study used cross-sectional data from a Japanese sample to explore their relationship from a Big Five perspective. Results showed that differences between self-esteem and self-compassion appeared mainly in openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Specifically, self-esteem was uniquely associated with openness, and self-compassion was uniquely associated with agreeableness. Moreover, the negative correlation between self-compassion and neuroticism was larger than that between self-esteem and neuroticism. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Exploiting Deep Learning Based Automated Fire-detection Model for Blind and Visually Challenged People

An increasing number of elderly people suffer from high levels of vision and cognitive impairments, frequently resulting in loss of independence. Initially, fire recognition and notification approaches offer fire prevention and security data to blind and visually impaired (BVI) persons for a short duration under emergency conditions if the fires take place in indoor surroundings. To provide direct control of human protection and surroundings, fire detection is a complex but serious problem. In order to avoid injuries and physical damage, latest technologies need suitable approaches for identifying fires as soon as possible. This study exploits the sine cosine algorithm with deep learning model for automated fire-detection (SCADL-AFD) system to aid blind and visually challenged people. To accomplish this, the SCADL-AFD technique focuses on the examination of input images for the recognition of possible fire situations. Primarily, the SCADL-AFD technique investigates the input images using the EfficientNet model to produce feature vectors. For fire-recognition purposes, the SCADL-AFD technique applies the gated recurrent unit (GRU) model. Finally, the SCA is utilized as a hyperparameter tuning strategy for the GRU model. The simulation outcome of the SCADL-AFD system is validated on the benchmark fire image database and the outcomes indicate the supremacy of the SCADL-AFD system with respect to various measures.
A Pictorial Guidebook on Poultry Diseases; Diagnostic Techniques and their Effective Treatment

The poultry industry has gained significance all over the world due to providing economical, healthier food than red meat and other protein sources. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated 103.5 million tons of global chicken meat production annually in 2012, which contributed about 34.3% to global meat production. Generally, poultry farming has performed a leading role in the livestock sector in some others regions of the world. But poultry farming system is affected by both environmental and disease stress. Various viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases affect the production performance of birds by affecting respiratory system, reproductive system, immune system, gut system and central nervous system which, in turn, cause loss of appetite, reduction of body weight, drop in egg production, air sac infection, coughing, sneezing, difficulty in breathing, septicemia (blood stream infection), paralysis of neck, wings and legs, enteritis (intestinal infection), bloody diarrhea, immunosuppression and higher mortality which cause huge economic losses in poultry industry. Therefore, there is need to control poultry diseases. Our aim was to provide a pictorial guidebook on poultry disease; diagnostic techniques and their effective treatment which may help to diagnose the viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infection. This may provide an important guideline to identify and minimize diseases before their incidence.
Bezbednosni mehanizam za prenos i skladištenje podataka u oblaku / Security mechanism for cloud end-to-end encryption

Sažetak — U ovom radu proucava se oblast zastite podataka na udaljenim serverima u oblaku i tokom prenosa komunikacionim kanalima. Vrsi se pregled najkvalitetnijih komercijalnih resenja iz ove oblasti. Pažnja ce biti posvecena onim resenjima koja imaju implementiranu end-to-end zastitu. Fokus ce biti stavljen na razvoj sopstvenog resenja u kome ce biti implementiran predstavljeni bezbednosni mehanizam uz modul za generisanje kriptoloskih kljuceva.
Gray-white matter boundary Z-score and volume as imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease

Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) presents typically gray matter atrophy and white matter abnormalities in neuroimaging, suggesting that the gray-white matter boundary could be altered in individuals with AD. The purpose of this study was to explore differences of gray-white matter boundary Z-score (gwBZ) and its tissue volume (gwBTV) between patients with AD, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively normal (CN) elderly participants. Methods Three-dimensional T1-weight images of a total of 227 participants were prospectively obtained from our institute from 2006 to 2022 to map gwBZ and gwBTV on images. Statistical analyses of gwBZ and gwBTV were performed to compare the three groups (AD, MCI, CN), to assess their correlations with age and Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and to evaluate their effects on AD classification in the hippocampus. Results This study included 62 CN participants (71.8 ± 4.8 years, 20 males, 42 females), 72 MCI participants (72.6 ± 5.1 years, 23 males, 49 females), and 93 AD participants (73.6 ± 7.7 years, 22 males, 71 females). The AD group had lower gwBZ and gwBTV than CN and MCI groups. K-MMSE showed positive correlations with gwBZ and gwBTV whereas age showed negative correlations with gwBZ and gwBTV. The combination of gwBZ or gwBTV with K-MMSE had a high accuracy in classifying AD from CN in the hippocampus with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.972 for both. Conclusion gwBZ and gwBTV were reduced in AD. They were correlated with cognitive function and age. Moreover, gwBZ or gwBTV combined with K-MMSE had a high accuracy in differentiating AD from CN in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that evaluating gwBZ and gwBTV in AD brain could be a useful tool for monitoring AD progression and diagnosis.
Implementation of Pre-Order via Request Item Sales Using Carefully Designed Pre-Sales Steps to Enhance E-Commerce Effectiveness: an Indonesian SME Case Study

Fashion products, which currently dominate the online market in Indonesia as products that are frequently purchased, are in fact not yet facilitated by an e-commerce system that is capable of serving pre-order sales of fashion products at the buyer's request. Therefore, most of the ineffective activities occur in the pre-sales stage because it can lead to long interactions with customers to get the requested information, and sales quotations cannot be processed immediately. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of e-commerce that was developed specifically to serve these sales through real implementation for Sakinah_id SMEs and buyers who actually want to order product requests. Based on assessments from buyers and MSME employees, the e-commerce used can cut time faster in the pre-sales stage, and delivery of sales quotations can be done immediately to buyers. The durability of shorter service and processing times is felt, especially when the number of orders coming in is large. So that it can help reduce the burden on the employee concerned through the implementation of this e-commerce.
Recently Emerged Novel Henipa-like Viruses: Shining a Spotlight on the Shrew

Henipaviruses are zoonotic viruses, including some highly pathogenic and capable of serious disease and high fatality rates in both animals and humans. Hendra virus and Nipah virus are the most notable henipaviruses, resulting in significant outbreaks across South Asia, South-East Asia, and Australia. Pteropid fruit bats have been identified as key zoonotic reservoirs; however, the increased discovery of henipaviruses outside the geographic distribution of Pteropid fruit bats and the detection of novel henipa-like viruses in other species such as the shrew, rat, and opossum suggest that Pteropid bats are not the sole reservoir for henipaviruses. In this review, we provide an update on henipavirus spillover events and describe the recent detection of novel unclassified henipaviruses, with a strong focus on the shrew and its emerging role as a key host of henipaviruses.