Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair and Appendicectomy Using Ropivacaine With Dexmedetomidine

Background The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum (QL) block versus transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and appendicectomy using ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine for quality and duration of postoperative analgesia. Settings and design This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind study conducted for one year (September 2020-August 2021) in the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, after obtaining ethical clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Methods A total of 64 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I-II and ages between 20 and 50 years undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and appendicectomy were randomly allocated into two groups of 32 each; group A received ultrasonography (USG)-guided quadratus lumborum block using 0.5% ropivacaine 20 ml with dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg of body weight, and group B was given USG-guided transversus abdominis plane block using 0.5% ropivacaine 20 ml with dexmedetomidine 0.5 mcg/kg of body weight after the induction of general anesthesia and before surgical incision. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test as applicable. Results The duration of analgesia was statistically higher (P<0.001) in group A (21.00±3.73 hours) as compared to group B (14.44±2.99 hours). Group A had significantly less analgesic (P<0.001) at 12, 18, and 24 hours postoperatively. The visual analog scale (VAS) was significantly decreased in group A at rest and movement. The range of percentage changes in heart rate (HR) was significantly higher in group B as compared to group A at 12, 18, and 24 hours (group A: 7.23%-14.70%; group B: 6.41%-28.01%). The mean blood pressure (MBP) was significantly increased in group B at 12, 18, and 24 hours as compared to group A. The range of changes in baseline MBP in group A was less than in group B (group A: 0.73%-8.34%; group B: 0.73%-18.20%). Conclusion Quadratus lumborum block is effective and better than transversus abdominis plane block for providing postoperative analgesia during laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and appendicectomy.
Directed Causality for Non-stationary Time Series Based on Akaike's Noise Contribution Ratio

Akaike’s Noise Contribution Ratio (NCR) has been used for the analysis of causality of two-variable settings of biological time series in Neuroscience. In contrast to the conventional correlation definition, this methodology is able to detect the direction of the influence between two variables. However, if a third series intervention is taken into account, the validity of causality is questionable, since possible feedback with third series can induce spurious or indirect causality. In this paper, we introduce a modification to NCR that accounts for partial directed causality for the case of more than two variables (pNCR). We also extend this methodology for the case of non-stationary time series by means of the use of the sliding windows technique, which provides a time-frequency approach. This methodology produces a 2D matrix (time and frequency) of pNCR coefficients, which is difficult to interpret and visualize. To facilitate the visualization and interpretation of the pNCR for the case of non-stationary time series, we summarize the information of the Received January 4, 2012; Accepted February 13, 2012 *1 Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, Cuba *2 National Institute for Physiological Science, Japan *3 Massachusetts General Hospital, USA *4 University of Kiel, Germany *5 Tohoku University, Japan 122 Bosch-Bayard, J. et al. spectrum of the pNCR as the area under the curve (pNCA), which projects this 2D matrix into the 1D space (a vector of coefficients), which shows the time course rate of influence from one variable to another in both directions.
On the Three-Dimensional Propagation of Stationary Waves

Abstract A locally applicable (nonzonally-averaged) conservation relation is derived for quasi-geostrophic stationary waves on a zonal flow, a generalization of the Eliassen-Palm relation. The flux which appears in this relation constitutes, it is argued, a useful diagnostic of the three-dimensional propagation of stationary wave activity. This is illustrated by application to a simple theoretical model of a forced Rossby wave train and to a Northern Hemisphere winter climatology. Results of the latter procedure suggest that the major forcing of the stationary wave field derives from the orographic effects of the Tibetan plateau and from nonorographic effects (diabatic heating and/or interaction with transient eddies) in the western North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and Siberia. No evidence is found in the data for wave trains of tropical origin; forcing by the orographic effects of the Rocky mountains seems to be of secondary importance.
A strategy for parallel implementation of finite difference numerical schemes associated to evolution differential equations

Within the framework of parallel numerical treatment, there are many more results on stationary (or time‐frozen) PDE's than on their evolution (or time‐dependent) counterparts. This is justified as computer simulation of time flow – an intrinsically sequential phenomenum – leads naturally to a sequential algorithm, thus inhibiting any search for concurrent ones. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Role of School Supervisors in Encouraging Teachers to Manage Postflood Recovery Actions

This study aims to reveal the supervisors’ role in motivating and encouraging teacher creativity and learning innovation in elementary and junior high schools in South Kalimantan after the flood. Methodology This study adopted a sequential mixed method approach that combines quantitative and qualitative studies conducted sequentially and at different times. In the first stage, data were collected by distributing questionnaires to 53 school supervisors. The variables in this quantitative study are the role of supervisors as an independent variable (X) and motivation (Y1), creativity (Y2) and learning innovation (Y3) as the dependent variables. Second, in-depth interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data from the 10 respondents. Correlations between research variables were conducted on the quantitative data, while qualitative data were analyzed. Finding The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between Supervisor Role and Teacher Motivation on Teacher Creativity and Learning Innovation. Implication This study highlights the important role of supervisors in advising school management and coordinating the engagement of other stakeholders for flood mitigation actions as well as encouraging teachers to continue carrying out teaching and learning activities. Received: 27 August 2022 / Accepted: 26 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023
Evaporated Self‐Assembled Monolayer Hole Transport Layers: Lossless Interfaces in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

Engineering of the interface between perovskite absorber thin films and charge transport layers has fueled the development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over the past decade. For p‐i‐n PSCs, the development and adoption of hole transport layers utilizing self‐assembled monolayers (SAM‐HTLs) based on carbazole functional groups with phosphonic acid anchoring groups has enabled almost lossless contacts, minimizing interfacial recombination to advance power conversion efficiency in single‐junction and tandem solar cells. However, so far these materials have been deposited exclusively via solution‐based methods. Here, for the first time, vacuum‐based evaporation of the most common carbazole‐based SAM‐HTLs (2PACz, MeO‐2PACz, and Me‐4PACz) is reported. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy demonstrate no observable chemical differences in the evaporated SAMs compared to solution‐processed counterparts. Consequently, the near lossless interfacial properties are either preserved or even slightly improved as demonstrated via photoluminescence measurements and an enhancement in open‐circuit voltage. Strikingly, applying evaporated SAM‐HTLs to complete PSCs demonstrates comparable performance to their solution‐processed counterparts. Furthermore, vacuum deposition is found to improve perovskite wetting and fabrication yield on previously non‐ideal materials (namely Me‐4PACz) and to display conformal and high‐quality coating of micrometer‐sized textured surfaces, improving the versatility of these materials without sacrificing their beneficial properties.
Examining the Relationship Between Maternal Employment Guilt and Internalized Sexism in Mothers with Preschool Children

Motherhood is an important part of gender inequality discussions and the basis of the unequal division of labor based on gender is mostly based on motherhood roles. It is stated that employed women have a high level of work-family conflict, perceive themselves to be far from being the "ideal" mother, and have higher levels of guilt. The internalization of sexist standards is thought to be effective in triggering and increasing feelings of guilt. In this context, this research sought to examine the sense of guilt felt by working mothers of pre-school children and the relationship of this feeling with internalized sexism and sociodemographic variables. 209 working mothers of pre-school children either in a part-time or full-time job participated in the study. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were employed in the study. The results showed that the mother’s guilt was positively related to the sub-dimensions of internalized sexism. Specifically, internalized powerlessness/loss of self and self-objectification from sub-dimensions of internalized sexism significantly predicted the mother’s guilt. Additionally, weekly working hours and the number of children also predicted the mother’s guilt. These results are important in terms of revealing the risks caused by the internalization of sexist norms that put serious pressure on mothers. Efforts towards gender equality are of great importance in increasing the quality of life for mothers in the family life and workplace.
Effect of interdot magnetostatic interaction on magnetization reversal in circular dot arrays

The effect of the interdot magnetostatic interaction on the magnetization reversal due to the ``nucleation'' and ``annihilation'' of magnetic vortices in arrays of ferromagnetic submicron circular dots has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The magnetostatic interaction plays an important role in magnetization reversal for the arrays with a small interdot distance, leading to decreases in the vortex nucleation and annihilation fields, and an increase in initial susceptibility.
An analysis of patients with a chief complaint of difficulty moving

Objective: There have been few reports in English medical journals analyzing patients with difficulty moving. Herein, we conducted a retrospective survey of emergency patients admitted to our hospital with the chief complaint of difficulty moving, to clarify the clinical characteristics of the frequency, causative disease, and outcome in these patients. Patients and Methods: Between August 2017 and October 2021, we surveyed the patient database maintained by our department, covering cases in which the main complaint at the time of patient transport by ambulance to our hospital was difficulty moving. Results: In 111 cases, the patient’s primary complaint was difficulty moving or adynamia. Patients included 59 males and 52 females, with a mean age of 76.3 years old. The most frequent diagnosis in these patients was rhabdomyolysis, followed by infection, body temperature abnormalities, electrolyte disorder, blood glucose abnormality, hypoxia, and renal failure. Trauma and various other diseases, such as stroke and malignancy, were also found to be causative diseases. After discharge from the hospital, the number of patients with a dependent status was greater than those with an independent status. Conclusion: Patients with difficulty moving were primarily elderly, and had a variety of causative diseases. Therefore, multiple approaches are required to manage these patients.
Stability of dislocation defect with two pentagon-heptagon pairs in graphene

The stability of a dislocation defect with two pentagon-heptagon (5-7) pairs in a graphene layer is investigated within first-principles density-functional theory scheme. It is found that the structure of the dislocation defect with two 5-7 pairs becomes more stable than a local haeckelite structure which is composed of defect units of three pentagons and three heptagons (555-777 defect) when the number of vacancy units is ten and over. The simulation study of scanning tunneling microscopy reveals that the 5-7 pair defects perturb the wave functions of electrons near Fermi level to produce the $(\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3})R{30}^{0}$: a superlattice pattern.
Screening of phytochemical constituents and quantitative estimation of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds of leafextracts of mitracarpus hirtus (rubiaceae)

Plants have the ability to synthesize mixtures of structurally diverse bio-active compound, with multiple and mutually potential therapeutic effects. The objective of the study is to cover the preliminary phytochemical screening of traditional medicinal plant Mitracarpus hirtus belonging to the family Rubiaceae. The preliminary screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, phenolics, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. In quantitative estimation, among all the extracts, acetone extract exhibited the maximum amount of phenolics (40.26 mg GAE/g extract), and it depicted the maximum quantity of flavonoids (84.43 mg RE /g extract) which explains that the plant must have valuable medicinal properties and so it can be explored.
The 5G-FR1 Signals: Beams of the Phased Antennas Array and Time-Recurrence of Emissions with Consequences on Human Exposure

The fifth generation (5G) of mobile communication technology poses lots of questions while introducing significant improvements compared with previous generations. The most sensitive question is related to the safety of human exposure. The aim of present work was to analyze, with a few chosen examples, two of the most significant features of 5G emissions: the extreme spatial variability of the exposure and the nonlinear dynamics characteristics of the temporal variability of the exposure. Two models of patch antenna arrays operating at 3.7 GHz with varying beam forming and beam steering capabilities were considered for an analysis of the specific absorption rate of electromagnetic energy deposition in tissues of a head model. This allowed clear emphasis on the influence of the antenna geometry and feeding peculiarities on the spatial variability of exposure. The second approach implemented the original idea of following the nonlinear recurrence behavior of exposure in time, and underlined the time variability characteristics of emissions with a real-life mobile phone running different 5G applications. Time series of the emitted electric-field strengths were recorded by means a real-time spectrum analyzer and two near-field probes differently positioned in the beam. The presence of laminar emissions, chaotic emissions, determinism and recurrence in the exposures prove the potential for recurrence quantification in predicting time variability features of 5G exposure. Overall, the impact of 5G signals on living bodies, with the highest possible man-made spatial and temporal variability, may have very unpredictable bio-medical consequences.
Two Types of 6.6 S γ-Globulins, β2A-Globulins and 18 S γ1-Macroglobulins in Normal Serum and γ-Microglobulins in Normal Urine

Two types of γ-globulin antigenic determinants (I and II) are described. These determinants are common to all γ-globulin groups. The 6.6 S γ-globulins, γ1-macroglobulins, and β2A-globulins of normal serum, and the γ-microglobulins of normal urine were divided into two types by the presence of type I or II antigenic determinants. Individual γ-globulin molecules appear to have either type I or II, but not both, types of antigenic determinants. All individual sera tested had both type I and II γ-globulin molecules. In normal serum the type I γ-globulins predominate in a ratio of about 2:1. Similar ratios were observed in normal serum 6.6 S γ-globulins and γ1-macroglobulins, but more nearly equal ratios of type I and II molecules were found in the γ-microglobulins of normal urine. Type I and II γ-globulin molecules are similarly distributed throghout the entire range of electrophoretic mobility of normal γ-globulin. Type I and II γ-globulin molecules also are similar in ultracentrifugal and chromatographic behavior and in hexose content. Preliminary observations, however, indicate that the InV genetic factors are more likely to be on type I than on type II molecules.
Spectral–Temporal Fusion of Satellite Images via an End-to-End Two-Stream Attention With an Effective Reconstruction Network

Due to technical and budget constraints on current optical satellites, the acquisition of satellite images with the best resolutions is not practicable. In this article, aiming to produce products with high spectral (HS) and temporal resolutions, we introduced a two-stream spectral–temporal fusion technique based on attention mechanism called STA-Net. STA-Net aims to combine high spectral and low temporal (HSLT) resolution images with low spectral and high temporal (LSHT) resolution images to generate products with the best characteristics. The proposed technique involves two stages. In the first one, two fused images are generated by a two-stream architecture based on residual attention blocks. The temporal difference estimator stream estimates the temporal difference between HS images at desired and neighboring dates. The reflectance difference estimator is the second stream. It predicts the reflectance difference between the input images (HS–LS) to map LS images into HS products. In the second stage, a reconstruction network combines the latter two-stream outputs via an effective learnable weighted-sum strategy. The two-stage model is trained in an end-to-end fashion using an effective loss function to ensure the best fusion quality. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first attempt to address the spectral–temporal fusion using an end-to-end deep neural network model. Experimental results conducted on two actual datasets of Sentinel-2 (HSLT:10 spectral bands and long revisit period) and Planetscope (LSHT: four spectral bands and daily images) images, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed technique with respect to baseline technique.
Design and assessment of concrete structures with strut‐and‐tie models and stress fields: From simple calculations to detailed numerical analysis

The introduction of strut‐and‐tie models in fib Model Code 1990 as a design basis for discontinuity regions constituted a significant step toward promoting consistent design methods for reinforced concrete structures. In fib Model Code 2010, the scope was broadened through the stress field method that was introduced as a complementary tool. The present article summarizes subsequent evolutions in both methods, which will be incorporated in the upcoming fib Model Code 2020. Besides emphasizing their suitability for the structural design and assessment, their adaptability to the “Levels‐of‐approximation” approach is also depicted. This article presents the theoretical ground of both methods and looks on their potential for computer‐modeling implementation. With this respect, several strategies are presented by discussing their advantages and optimum field of application.
Calculation of optical forces on a dielectric bead in a geometrically aberrated trap

Micron-sized particles can be trapped by means of a highly focused beam; light is concentrated in a tiny spot using a high numerical aperture objective. In this communication we describe a numerical tool we have developed for obtaining the force exerted by a beam on a spherical dielectric particle in realistic conditions. The system (a water immersion microscope objective) is simulated using an optical system design software that provides the required information to feed the application. The calculation of the force is carried out using the ray-optics (Mie) approach.
Electronic structure in high temperature phase of Fe3O4

Band structure of the ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 was calculated in the high temperature cubic phase by means of the full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method with the local spin density approximation. In the majority spin bands, the Fermi level stays in the band gap and 3d states of A site Fe are unoccupied while 3d states of B site Fe are completely occupied. In the minority spin bands, 3d states of A site are occupied and the Fermi level stays in de bands of B site Fe. The obtained Fermi surfaces well explain the mechanism of the structural phase transition in Fe 3 O 4 . The calculated charge density has good correspondence to the recent experimental results.
Non-Markovian wave function simulations of quantum Brownian motion

The non-Markovian wave function method (NMWF) using the stochastic unravelling of the master equation in the doubled Hilbert space is implemented for quantum Brownian motion. A comparison between the simulation and the analytical results shows that the method can be conveniently used to study the non-Markovian dynamics of the system.
Identification of Newer Stable Genetic Sources for High Grain Number per Panicle and Understanding the Gene Action for Important Panicle Traits in Rice

Rice is an important food crop extensively cultivated worldwide, and rice’s grain yield should be improved to meet future food demand. Grain number per panicle is the main trait that determines the grain yield in rice, and other panicle-related traits influence the grain number. To study the genetic diversity, 50 diverse Indian-origin germplasm were evaluated for grain number per panicle and other panicle traits for two consecutive seasons (Rabi 2019 and Kharif 2020). The maximum genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was obtained for the number of spikelets and filled grains per panicle. The genotypes were grouped into eight clusters with Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis and six groups using Principal component analysis. Based on, per se, performance for grain number per panicle and genetic distances, six parents were selected and subjected to full diallel mating. The genotypes CB12132, IET 28749, and BPT 5204 were the best general combiners for the number of filled grains per panicle and other panicle branching traits, viz., the number of primary and secondary branches per panicle. The hybrid BPT 5204 × CB 12132 identified as the best specific combination for most of the studied panicle traits. The additive gene effects were high for the number of filled grains per panicle, the number of primary branches, and secondary branches, whereas non-additive gene action was high for the number of productive tillers and grain yield per plant. The information obtained from this study will be useful in rice breeding programs to improve panicle traits, especially the grain number, which would result in higher grain yield.
Existence of phase transition of percolation on Sierpiński carpet lattices

We study Bernoulli bond percolation on Sierpiński carpet lattices, which is a class of graphs corresponding to generalized Sierpiński carpets. In this paper we give a sufficient condition for the existence of a phase transition on the lattices. The proof is suitable for graphs which have self-similarity. We also discuss the relation between the existence of a phase transition and the isoperimetric dimension.