Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A state-constrained stochastic optimal control problem arising in portfolio liquidation

We consider a stochastic optimal control problem originating from a classical portfolio liquidation problem, which is related to an expected utility maximization problem under finite fuel constraint. This has been extensively studied in the existing literature for the case where the utility function is assumed to be an exponential function (see, e.g., Schied et al. (2010)). The purpose of this work is to investigate more general utility functions with exponential growth. As a first main result, we can establish the existence and uniqueness of optimal strategies, under rather mild model assumptions. This is a core result, which will then allow us to derive regularity properties of the corresponding value function. In particular, we will establish the continuity and partial differentiability of the value function for the underlying maximization problem. Second, we prove a Bellman principle for the underlying optimization problem. The proof of this optimality principle is facilitated in our case by the continuity property of the value function. With this at hand, we will show that the control problem considered is closely related to the solution of a nonlinear parabolic degenerated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation with singularity. In particular, a verification theorem is proved. Third, the Bellman principle turns out to be a crucial tool for char- acterizing our value function as the unique viscosity solution of an HJB equation. A comparison principle is derived, where, contrarily to mainstream results, the proof does not involve the use of the (classical) Crandall-Ishii lemma. Numerical results and simulations conclude our work. For instance, we show that our value function can be considered as the unique viscosity solution of an HJB equation with removed singularity in the initial condition. This enables us then to implement converging numerical schemes, based on the monotone schemes method of Barles and Souganidis (1991). Matlab visualizations are presented in the last section of this thesis.
A Complex Network Growth Model Based on Advantage of “Recommended”

Complex network is a kind of network between stochastic network and regular network. In communication network, newcomers are more likely to get acquainted with new friends through their friends. In other words, these persons have advantage of recommended by others to become the newcomer’s friends. We put forward a model for growing network based on the distance (namely, the shortest path length). Each introduction of the nodes is no longer simultaneous and independent, but sequent. Moreover, according to the connection mechanism defined in this paper, the edges behind are closely related to the one in front, which is in accordance with the actual situation. Emulated analysis shows that the network formed by the model is consistent with the small world as well as scale-free nature of the complex network. Network also has higher clustering coefficient as well as larger average path length.
Surface motion capture animation

As a new alternative to standard motion capture, 4D surface capture is motivated by the increasing demand from media production for highly realistic 3D content. Such data provides real full shape, appearance and kinematic information of the dynamic object of interest. We address in this work some of the tasks related to the acquisition and the exploitation of 4D data, as obtained through multi-view videos, with an emphasis on corpus of moving subjects. Some of these problems have already received a great deal of interest from the graphics and vision communities, but a number of challenges remain open in this respect. We address namely example based animation synthesis, appearance modelling, semantic motion transfer and variation synthesis. We first propose a method to generate animations using video-based mesh sequences of elementary movements of a shape. New motions that satisfy high-level user-specified constraints are built by recombining and interpolating the frames in the observed mesh sequences. Our method brings local improvement to the synthesis process through optimized interpolated transitions, and global improvement with an optimal organizing structure that we call the essential graph. We then address the problem of building efficient appearance representations of shapes observed from multiple viewpoints and in several movements. We propose a per subject representation that identifies the underlying manifold structure of the appearance information relative to a shape. The resulting representation encodes shape appearance variabilities due to viewpoint and illumination, with Eigen textures, and due to local inaccuracies in the geometric model, with Eigen warps. In addition to providing compact representations, such decompositions also allow for appearance interpolation and appearance completion. We additionally address the problem of transferring motion between captured 4D models. Given 4D training sets for two subjects for which a sparse set of semantically corresponding key-poses are known, our method is able to transfer a newly captured motion from one subject to the other. The method contributes a new transfer model based on non-linear pose and displacement interpolation that builds on Gaussian process regression. Finally, we propose a data based solution for generating variations of captured 4D models, for automatic 4D dataset augmentation and realism improvement. Given a few 4D models representing movements of the same type, our method builds a probabilistic low dimensional embedding of shape poses using Gaussian Process Dynamical Models, and novel variants of motions are obtained by sampling trajectories from this manifold using Monte Carlo Markov Chain. We can synthesise an unlimited number of variations of any of the input movements, and also any blended version of them. The output variations are statistically similar to the input movements but yet slightly different in poses and timings.
Most Robust and Fragile States with the Same Entanglement Properties

Finding the most robust entangled states and the most fragile entangled states during the whole process of decoherence is particularly a fundamental problem for quantum physics and quantum information processing. Here the robustness of three‐qubit states under three different decoherence channels (amplitude damping, dephasing, bit flip) systematically are investigated, and the most robust genuine tripartite entangled states and the most fragile ones during each of the three decoherence processes are found. Moreover, the states with the most significant difference in robustness are shown to be locally unitarily equivalent to each other and therefore contain the same entanglement properties.
Nonstationary radiation transfer through a multilayered medium with reflection and refraction conditions

We consider an initial‐boundary value problem for the radiation transfer equation with reflection and refraction conditions describing a nonstationary process of the radiation transfer in multilayered semitransparent for radiation medium, consisting of m parallel vertical layers. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution for the problem with data from the spaces of Lp type, 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞. We also obtain a priori estimates for the solution and prove an exponential stabilization of the solution as T→∞.
Basics of Marketing for Audiologists

Practice patterns in audiology are changing rapidly. In the past, clinicians typically worked for physicians, hospitals, universities, or other similar establishments. However, as the profession begins a new century, audiologists are shifting to private practice in record numbers. This article describes the fundamental aspects of marketing as they apply to audiology practice. Although not intended to be a detailed presentation, the basic principles of marketing are offered as a primer on this important component of everyday audiology practice management.
Discrete Entropy Power Inequalities via Sperner Theory

A ranked poset is called strongly Sperner if the size of $k$-family cannot exceed the sum of $k$-largest Whitney numbers. In a sense of function ordering, a function $f$ is (weakly) majorized by $g$ if the the sum of $k$-largest values in $f$ cannot exceed the sum of $k$-largest values in $g$. Two definitions arise from different contexts, but each share a strong similarity with each other. Furthermore, the product of two weighted posets assumes a structural similarity with a convolution of two functions. Elements in the product of weighted posets with ranks capture underlying structures of the building blocks in the convolution. Combining all together, we are able to derive several types of entropy inequalities including discrete entropy power inequalities, and discuss more applications.
Bess and Hearing Screening: Portending the Challenges in Children

This article summarizes the signiﬁcant contributions of Fred H. Bess to the early detection of hearing loss in infants and children. Based on public health and educational policy, Bess challenged audiologists to view hearing screening as a responsibility that brought with it the need to develop screening tools that are effective in identifying hearing loss—whether for use with infants, preschoolers, or school-age children—and that adhere to important screening principles. A review of his inﬂuence on pertinent guidelines, position statements, and recommendations highlights his belief that early identiﬁcation of hearing loss is critical if children are to overcome the signiﬁcant obstacles presented by even mild and unilateral hearing losses. This section is followed by a review of seminal papers that stimulated research in universal newborn hearing screening programs and the detection of unilateral and minimal hearing loss. We conclude with a review of selected studies that build on Bess’s earlier work and strive to drive our ﬁeld forward to practices that are both evidence-based and effective in detecting hearing loss in children.
Cellular Signaling Mechanisms in Alcohol-Induced Liver Damage

Chronic excessive alcohol intake is associated with multiple liver defects ranging from mild steatosis to advanced cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms by which chronic ethanol intake affects liver function remain a matter of intense debate and investigation. The liver is the major site of ethanol metabolism in the body, and a wide range of metabolic alterations is associated with ethanol intake. As a result, the liver is exposed to dramatic changes in redox state, transient hypoxia, episodes of oxidative stress, and the products of ethanol metabolism, such as acetaldehyde, acetate, and fatty acid ethyl esters. Chronic ethanol consumption is associated with increased levels of circulating endotoxins and proinﬂammatory cytokines that affect liver function. A major source of the increase in circulating proinﬂammatory cytokines is the Kupffer cells, which are sensitized to generate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a ) through multiple mechanisms. In addition, the hepatocytes themselves are more susceptible to external stress. In isolated hepatocytes, this effect of chronic ethanol is evident in a greater sensitivity to proapoptotic challenges and, more speciﬁcally, to the cytotoxic actions of TNF-a . The mechanism by which hepatocytes are sensitized to external stress remains poorly characterized but may involve defects in mitochondrial function and oxidative defense mechanisms, the activation of death-promoting signaling pathways, and the inactivation of survival pathways. In this article, we emphasize the role of the stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades in the onset of cell injury and their regulation by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/ Akt signaling cascade, which appears to function as the central integrating module of the stress-signaling machinery in the cell. We also discuss the complications and challenges of extrapolating these ﬁndings to the conditions in vivo and what we can learn from these studies regarding the nature of the liver defects associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
The Manipulation of Auditory Brain Stem Response Data to Predict the Behavioral Audiogram during Infancy

The auditory brain stem response (ABR) is the current gold standard to estimate hearing thresholds during infancy. The clinical protocols to illicit the ABR are documented, and the correlation between the ABR and auditory sensitivity has been validated extensively. Research also has focused on the maturation of the auditory system and its effects on the ABR threshold. In situ ABR measures were conducted to quantify the maturation of the ABR during infancy for the purposes of controlling for this effect when using ABR thresholds to estimate hearing levels on an audiogram. This article describes a corrective procedure that permits the clinician to obtain the estimated hearing level from ABR thresholds during infancy when immature responses are prevalent.
Waardenburg Syndrome

Auditory-pigmentary disorders result from the absence of melanocytes in the cochlea, skin, hair, and eyes. Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is one such autosomal dominant disorder that is characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing loss and pigmentation anomalies of neural crest-derived tissues. The clinical features of WS, including hearing loss, are not fully penetrant and interfamilial and intrafamilial variation in the phenotype is a common observation. A wide variety of unique mutations in at least six genes contribute to the phenotype in WS patients; however, the type and location of mutations have not been strongly correlated with the different clinical features that are expressed. Bilateral, congenital deafness is the most serious clinical feature expressed in the common types of WS and has been successfully habilitated through hearing aids or cochlear implants.
Software Review of flexMIRT Version 3.5

flexMIRT is a versatile program for unidimensional and multidimensional item response theory (IRT) calibrations, scoring analyses, and model-based simulations. With an adaptable syntax that allows for various combinations of model specifications, estimation constraints, and estimation choices, flexMIRT can handle almost all of the most popular IRT models for dichotomous and polytomous data. The software package also supports diagnostic classification models and multigroup and multilevel analyses. This review evaluates the software from a user’s perspective as well as some of its calibration, scoring, and simulation capabilities. Two simulation studies are included: one demonstrates some basic simulation capabilities and the other provides some direct comparisons with BILOG-MG. The review suggests that flexMIRT is a very good product that is only likely to get better as new features and suggestions for improvement are implemented.
Spatially mutual coupling reduction between CP-MIMO antennas using FSS superstrate

A new approach to suppress mutual coupling of spatial electromagnetic fields between two circularly polarised (CP) antennas using frequency selective surface (FSS) technique around 30 GHz is presented. The transmission-type FSS layer with the CP capability is placed on the top of two closely multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antennas. The study shows that the FSS layer can suppress an average of 10 dB mutual coupling between two adjacent CP-MIMO antennas. The proposed technique does not degrade the impedance and radiation performance of the antenna in comparison with the antenna without FSS layer. The two-port CP antennas are fabricated and measured to validate the simulation results. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results in terms of the reflection coefficient, mutual coupling, and axial ratio.
Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Vegetative System of Brachystele guayanensis (Lindl.) Schltr. (Orchidaceae), a Potential Medicinal Species

The orchid genus Brachystele Schltr. (Orchidoideae, Cranichideae, Spiranthinae) comprises 20 species distributed from Mexico to Argentina, with 10 species found in Brazil. Anatomical studies of Orchidoideae Lindl. have been scarce, and the anatomy and histochemistry of Brachystele are still largely unknown. In this study, we conducted a characterization of the vegetative organs of B. guayanensis (Lindl.) Schltr. using standard anatomical and histochemical microtechniques. In this study, we provide the first information about the anatomy and histochemistry of Brachystele. The studied species was observed to display anatomical characters commonly found in the vegetative organs of representatives of the Cranichideae tribe (e.g., uniseriate epidermis; homogeneous mesophyll with 6–11 layers; rhizomes with rings of fibers; vascular bundles in the form of “^” or “v”; fleshy roots with uniseriate velamen, simple trichomes, and spiranthosomes). Others can be interpreted as adaptive strategies conditioned by the environment and their terrestrial life form (e.g., cuticle thickness; amphistomatic leaves; roots with reduced velamen compared to the cortex (18–20 layers); and raphides). In this study, cataphylls, and the presence of spiranthosomes in leaves, including stomatal guard cells, as well as alkaloids in these structures, are anatomically described for the first time in Orchidaceae. The presence of hyphae and pelotons in the stem of B. guayanensis is described for the first time in Cranichideae. Histochemical tests confirmed the presence of lignin, proteins, and alkaloids, the lipidic nature of the cuticle, starch grains stored in spiranthosomes, and the composition of the raphides. Alkaloids were observed in abundance, particularly in the roots, suggesting a potential role in defense against pathogens and herbivores, as well as potential medicinal activities, as seen in phylogenetically related groups to Brachystele.
The relationship between characteristics of gait disturbance and injury patterns of the corticospinal tract and corticoreticular pathway in post-stroke patients: A case series of 3 patients

Rationale: Corticospinal tract (CST) and corticoreticular pathway (CRP) injury patterns (i.e., the continuity of the nerve fibers) are associated with gait disturbance in post-stroke patients. In this case series study, we examined the case of 3 patients with different CST and CRP injury patterns and analyzed the characteristics of gait disturbance in each patient. Patient concerns: Patient 1 (P1) was a 73-year-old woman who presented with paralysis of the right upper and lower extremities due to a left lacunar infarction. Patient 2 (P2) was a 41-year-old man who presented with paralysis of the right upper and lower extremities due to a left putamen hemorrhage. Patient 3 (P3) was a 57-year-old man who presented with paralysis of the left upper and lower extremities due to a right putamen hemorrhage. Diagnosis: In P1, the CRP in the affected hemisphere was intact, but the CST was discontinuous. In P2, the CST in the affected hemisphere was intact, but the CRP was discontinuous. P3 was discontinuous in both CST and CRP in the affected hemisphere. Outcomes: Over time, all 3 patients improved to the level of gait independence, but they exhibited different gait patterns. Among them, P3 showed a markedly abnormal gait pattern that included spatiotemporal gait asymmetry, lateral shift of the trunk, and hip hiking. Lessons: This case series study demonstrated that even if both the CST and CRP were injured, gait recovered to some extent (i.e., independent level-ground gait), but the abnormal gait pattern might remain remarkable.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between advanced glycation end products ceceptor (RAGE) gene polymorphisms and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease

Background: In the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the advanced glycation end product receptor (RAGE) has been involved. IBD is classified into Chron’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The promoter gene of the RAGE gene was discovered to have had unique polymorphisms that increased its transcriptional activity. This study, therefore, used a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between the RAGE gene polymorphism and the risk of IBD. Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched to identify the relationship between RAGE gene polymorphisms and IBD susceptibility. We identified three Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) (RAGE-429T/C, 374T/A, and G82S). The data were analyzed by RevMan 5.4. Results: Four studies (932 cases/1366 controls) were included. The findings showed no relationship between RAGE –429T/C and –G82S polymorphisms and the risk of IBD in all genetic models significantly. TT genotype of RAGE –374T/A polymorphisms was related to increased CD risk (OR=1.37; 95%CI=1.04-1.81; P=0.02), while TA genotype was determined to be a protective factor (OR=0.75; 95%CI=0.57-0.99; P=0.04). In UC, A allele of RAGE -374T/A was related to increase risk (OR=1.26; 95%CI=1.04-1.53; P=0.02), while T allele was determined to decrease risk (OR=0.79; 95%CI= 0.65-0.96; P=0.02). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that TT genotype and A allele of RAGE -374T/A polymorphisms were related to CD and UC risks, respectively, while the TA genotype and T allele possibly had a protective effect. RAGE –429T/C and RAGE –G82S polymorphisms were not related to increased IBD risk.
N-acetylcysteine as adjuvant therapy for hospitalized Covid-19 patients: A single-center prospective cohort study

Background: Whilst over two years have passed since the COVID-19 pandemic's emergence, the proper management of the disease remains challenging. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a potentially effective therapeutic option has been suggested by studies, while the exact clinical role of this agent is yet to be evaluated. Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted in a major referral respiratory center in Tehran, Iran. We enrolled 217 patients treated with an intravenous daily dose of 1500 mg NAC as a case group; and 245 control patients who did not receive NAC. Two groups were matched based on other treatments, socio-demographics, medical history, and comorbidities. Results: After ten days of adjuvant therapy with NAC, patients in the NAC group and control group had median room-air SpO2 of 91% and 88%, respectively (P=0.02). Also, the SpO2 to FiO2 ratio had a median of 463 and 421 in the case and control groups, respectively (P=0.01). Furthermore, the case group's hospitalization period was three days shorter (P=0.002). Further, cough, dyspnea, and decreased appetite were reported to have a significantly lower incidence in the case group (P=0.03, 0.001, 0.008). Conclusion: We showed that a daily intravenous dose of NAC in hospitalized COVID-19 patients could shorten the hospital stay and improve some clinical symptoms; however, it does not remarkably improve the risk of ICU admission and the 28 days in-hospital mortality rate.