Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insight into the Anticancer Activity of Copper(II) 5-Methylenetrimethylammonium-Thiosemicarbazonates and Their Interaction with Organic Cation Transporters

A series of four water-soluble salicylaldehyde thiosemicarbazones with a positively charged trimethylammonium moiety ([H2LR]Cl, R = H, Me, Et, Ph) and four copper(II) complexes [Cu(HLR)Cl]Cl (1–4) were synthesised with the aim to study (i) their antiproliferative activity in cancer cells and, (ii) for the first time for thiosemicarbazones, the interaction with membrane transport proteins, specifically organic cation transporters OCT1–3. The compounds were comprehensively characterised by analytical, spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction methods. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in the neuroblastoma cell line SH-5YSY after 24 h exposure and follows the rank order: 3 > 2 > 4 > cisplatin > 1 >> [H2LR]Cl. The copper(II) complexes showed marked interaction with OCT1–3, comparable to that of well-known OCT inhibitors (decynium 22, prazosin and corticosterone) in the cell-based radiotracer uptake assays. The work paves the way for the development of more potent and selective anticancer drugs and/or OCT inhibitors.
3D Seismic Analysis Reveals the Origin of Ambiguous Erosional Features at a Major Sequence Boundary in the Eastern North Sea: near Top Oligocene

Abstract The near top Oligocene unconformity is a major sequence boundary in the eastern North Sea Basin. It is characterized by erosional scarps below the boundary and a pronounced basinward shift in onlap above. The shift in onlap has previously been interpreted as caused by a major fall in sea level. Detailed 3D seismic analysis of a 20 by 20 km area at and basinward of the uppermost Oligocene clinoform breakpoint reveals that the erosional scarps were caused by undercutting of steep clinoforms by contour-parallel currents and resulting mass wasting whilst the lowermost onlap package consists of a contour-parallel drift deposited as the erosive currents waned. The 3D seismic analysis corroborates a recent analysis based on regional 2D seismic data, which found that the erosional scarps and the geometry of the onlap sequence were indicative of a major shift in sediment input directions and not necessarily associated with any change of sea level. The paper thus demonstrates the utility of local 3D seismic analyses as a form of 'ground truthing' regional basin analyses based on widely spaced 2D seismic grids.
Data analysis of bed concentration of suspended sediment

An empirical relation for the bed concentration of suspended sediment cb defined at a few grain diameters above the bed is developed. Its derivation is based on the experimental data sets of Guy et al. in 1966. The values of the near‐bed concentration were obtained by first isolating the suspended load transport from the observed rates of total load transport by use of a bed‐load formula. The suspended load was then equated to Einstein's formulation, which allowed the determination of cb. The influence of large concentrations of suspended sediment and of the reference level for cb on the calculated values of bed concentration has been analyzed. The proposed relation compares satisfactorily to values of near‐bed concentration obtained from independent data sets. The procedure used to derive cb provides a simple method for the calculation of the total transport rate of noncohesive sediment.
A revisit to P wave travel time statics at teleseismic stations

To account for local deviations from the one-dimensional reference velocity model, the station correction formulation of Dziewonski and Anderson (1983) is extended to include the travel time variation with respect to the ray takeoff angle. The station statics are obtained through an iterative retrieval of the lower-degree spherical harmonics normalized over the data takeoff angle range on station residual spheres, and similar event statics are introduced to decouple the effects of near-station and near-event heterogeneities. Except the zero degree constant term, all higher-degree static terms are obtained on a regional rather than an individual station/event location. The P wave static corrections up to degree and order 2 are derived for 1343 stations using nearly 3 million International Seismological Center travel time residuals with respect to the iasp91 model and with event relocation and summary ray sorting. The resulting station statics account for nearly 27% of the variance of the P wave travel time residuals. Patterns of the zero-degree statics correlate well with surface tectonic features and with previous results. At most stations over subduction zones the slowest direction of the secondorder statics, or the second-degree in azimuth, is perpendicular to the trench.
Geometrical factors and interfacial processes affecting complex dielectric permittivity of partially saturated porous media

Methods for remote and ground‐based sensing of soil water content often rely on determination of bulk dielectric permittivity which may be affected by factors other than water content, such as interfacial polarization (Maxwell‐Wagner effect), phase configuration, and electrical conductivity. The complex interactions among these factors were modeled by the Maxwell‐Wagner‐Bruggeman‐Hanai formalism on the basis of self‐consistent differential effective medium approximation. The modeling framework considers porous media composed of coated inclusions and enables systematic evaluation of various factors on determination of water content at different measurement frequencies associated with different sensors. Simulation results illustrate the importance of accounting for phase configuration; using a simple saturation‐dependent weight function and only two typical phase configurations provided good agreement with a wide range of dielectric measurements spanning different porous media, saturations, and measurement frequencies. The model provides the necessary framework for incorporation of the Maxwell‐Wagner effect on standard measurements obtained by time domain reflectometry and through frequency response enables evaluation and a wide array of other sensors. Work is under way to incorporate effects of ambient conditions (temperature) and of bound water on bulk dielectric measurements.
Seismic data reconstruction of primaries and multiples

Seismic data reconstruction is an important practical prerequisite for the most complete “full wavefield” seismic processing algorithms (e.g., in multiple attenuation and imaging) that expect areal coverage on the measurement surface. Our objectives are to 1. ) develop a clear and complete conceptual framework for data reconstruction of the entire wavefield at the measurement surface, that includes all seismic events (primaries and multiples), and 2. ) develop practical algorithms for interpolation and extrapolation that adhere to this framework. The most sophisticated data reconstruction techniques combine an inverse step followed by a forward data generation step. We show that the combination of making the inverse Born approximation followed by a forward Born-like data generation is applicable to both primaries and multiples, despite the single-scattering assumption of both the forward and inverse Born approximations. We analyze an aperture-limited migration algorithm with constant background velocity for a 1D earth and study the ability to interpolate and extrapolate with different starting apertures in the pre-critical and post-critical zones. Data reconstruction with multiples is also tested, and the implications for free surface multiple removal are considered. We conclude that, with our approach, we can effectively reconstruct seismic data in the pre-critical region using data recorded at pre-critical offsets. Extrapolating from post-critical to pre-critical offsets confronts us with phase problems due to the reflectivity in the post-critical region. We show, for a simple example, that both primary and multiple reflections are reconstructed accurately in both time and amplitude.
EEG Microstates Temporal Dynamics Differentiate Individuals with Mood and Anxiety Disorders From Healthy Subjects

Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the brain’s electrophysiological spatio-temporal activities with high temporal resolution. Multichannel and broadband analysis of EEG signals is referred to as EEG microstates (EEG-ms) and can characterize such dynamic neuronal activity. EEG-ms have gained much attention due to the increasing evidence of their association with mental activities and large-scale brain networks identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Spatially independent EEG-ms are quasi-stationary topographies (e.g., stable, lasting a few dozen milliseconds) typically classified into four canonical classes (microstates A through D). They can be identified by clustering EEG signals around EEG global field power (GFP) maxima points. We examined the EEG-ms properties and the dynamics of cohorts of mood and anxiety (MA) disorders subjects (n = 61) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 52). In both groups, we found four distinct classes of EEG-ms (A through D), which did not differ among cohorts. This suggests a lack of significant structural cortical abnormalities among cohorts, which would otherwise affect the EEG-ms topographies. However, both cohorts’ brain network dynamics significantly varied, as reflected in EEG-ms properties. Compared to HC, the MA cohort features a lower transition probability between EEG-ms B and D and higher transition probability from A to D and from B to C, with a trend towards significance in the average duration of microstate C. Furthermore, we harnessed a recently introduced theoretical approach to analyze the temporal dependencies in EEG-ms. The results revealed that the transition matrices of MA group exhibit higher symmetrical and stationarity properties as compared to HC ones. In addition, we found an elevation in the temporal dependencies among microstates, especially in microstate B for the MA group. The determined alteration in EEG-ms temporal dependencies among the cohorts suggests that brain abnormalities in mood and anxiety disorders reflect aberrant neural dynamics and a temporal dwelling among ceratin brain states (i.e., mood and anxiety disorders subjects have a less dynamicity in switching between different brain states).
Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metals in Infant Formula Milk Brands Available in Pakistani Markets

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) after its bioconversion from aflatoxin B1 in animal liver becomes the part of milk while heavy metals get entry into milk and milk products during handling in the supply chain. Aflatoxin M1 and heavy metals being toxic compounds are needed to be monitored continuously to avoid any ailments among consumers of foods contaminated with such toxicants. Thirteen commercially available infant formula milk (IFM) brands available in Pakistani markets were analyzed for the quantitative determination of AFM1 and heavy metals through ELISA and atomic absorption spectrophotometer, respectively. AFM1 was found positive in 53.84% samples while 30.76% samples were found exceeding the maximum EU limit i.e. 0.025 μg/kg for AFM1 in IFM. Heavy metals lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were found below the detection limits in any of the sample, whereas the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) ranged between 45.40-97.10, 29.72-113.50 and <0.001-50.90 μg/kg, respectively. The concentration of Fe in all the tested brands was found in normal ranges while the concentrations of Zn and Ni were found exceeding the standard norms. Elevated levels of AFM1, Zn and Ni in some of the tested IFM brands indicated that a diet completely based on these IFM brands might pose sever health implications in the most vulnerable community i.e., infants.
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin for de novo acute myeloid leukemia: final efficacy and safety updates from the open-label, phase III ALFA-0701 trial

The randomized, phase III ALFA-0701 trial showed that a reduced and fractionated dose of gemtuzumab ozogamicin added to standard front-line chemotherapy significantly improves event-free survival (EFS) in adults with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we report an independent review of EFS, final overall survival (OS), and additional safety results from ALFA-0701. Patients (n=271) aged 50-70 years with de novo AML were randomized to receive conventional front-line induction chemotherapy (3+7daunorubicin+cytarabine) with/without gemtuzumab ozogamicin 3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, and 7 during induction. Patients in remission following induction therapy received 2 courses of consolidation therapy (daunorubicin+cytarabine) with/without gemtuzumab ozogamicin (3 mg/m2/day on day 1) according to their initial randomization. The primary end point was investigator-assessed EFS. Secondary end points included OS and safety. A blinded independent review confirmed the investigator-assessed EFS results [August 1, 2011; hazard ratio (HR) 0.66; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.49–0.89; 2-sided P=0.006], corresponding to a 34% reduction in risk of events in the gemtuzumab ozogamicin versus control arm. Final OS at April 30, 2013 favored gemtuzumab ozogamicin but was not significant. No differences in early death rate were observed between arms. The main toxicity associated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin was prolonged thrombocytopenia. Veno-occlusive disease (including after transplant) was observed in 6 patients in the gemtuzumab ozogamicin arm and 2 in the control arm. In conclusion, gemtuzumab ozogamicin added to standard intensive chemotherapy has a favorable benefit/risk ratio. These results expand front-line treatment options for adult patients with previously untreated AML. (Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov; identifier: 00927498.)
NOVOS REGISTROS DE FALCONIFORMES PARA O PARQUE NACIONAL DA LAGOA DO PEIXE, RS – BRASIL

O presente trabalho apresenta dados sobre o registro de tres especies de falconiformes - Buteogallus urubitinga (Gmelin, 1788), Circus buffoni (Gmelin, 1788) e Falco femoralis Temminck, 1822 – nao registrados oficialmente na area do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, situado na regiao litorânea do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Palavras-chave. Falconiformes, Parque Nacional, novos registros.
THERMOLUMINESCENCE AND THE TERRESTRIAL AGE OF METEORITES

The use of thermoluminescence (TL) to determine the terrestrial age of meteorites is investigated. It is found that meteorites can be divided into two groups. One group, in which members lose their low temperature TL rather rapidly (the “low retentivity” group), may be dated up to about 100 years after fall, although with little accuracy. The other (the “high” group) is more retentive, and may still be dated several hundred years after fall. A meteorite of unknown date of fall may be assigned to the high or low group by laboratory determination of the rate of decay of the low temperature TL. Weathering coats the grains with limonite and lowers the intensity of the TL. The percentage reduction is constant for various intensities, but the peak height ratio is changed. Therefore, for weathered specimens, a method which examines the decrease in the intensity of a single peak is preferred to one which depends upon peak height ratios: this is made possible by artificially irradiating the meteorites. The following terrestrial ages for finds were obtained: Plainview 225–300 years; Dimmitt 280–330 years; Calliham 350–400 years. Bluff, Etter, Potter, Shields and Wellman (c) proved to be too old to be dated by our methods (≥ 500 years). None of the low group finds available to us proved to be young enough to be dated precisely. Terrestrial ages indicate an extremely low efficiency of recovery (≤ 1%) for meteorites that are not seen to fall. Artificially irradiating the meteorites also revealed the fact that 9 of our 19 meteorites were saturated with respect to thermoluminescence when they entered the atmosphere, and therefore that a technique based on this phenomenon would not be applicable to such specimens to obtain their cosmic ray exposure age.
Improving the calibration strategy of the physically-based model WaSiM-ETH using critical events

Abstract The use of a physically-based hydrological model for streamflow forecasting is limited by the complexity in the model structure and the data requirements for model calibration. The calibration of such models is a difficult task, and running a complex model for a single simulation can take up to several days, depending on the simulation period and model complexity. The information contained in a time series is not uniformly distributed. Therefore, if we can find the critical events that are important for identification of model parameters, we can facilitate the calibration process. The aim of this study is to test the applicability of the Identification of Critical Events (ICE) algorithm for physically-based models and to test whether ICE algorithm-based calibration depends on any optimization algorithm. The ICE algorithm, which uses the data depth function, was used herein to identify the critical events from a time series. Low depth in multivariate data is an unusual combination and this concept was used to identify the critical events on which the model was then calibrated. The concept is demonstrated by applying the physically-based hydrological model WaSiM-ETH on the Rems catchment, Germany. The model was calibrated on the whole available data, and on critical events selected by the ICE algorithm. In both calibration cases, three different optimization algorithms, shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA), parameter estimation (PEST) and robust parameter estimation (ROPE), were used. It was found that, for all the optimization algorithms, calibration using only critical events gave very similar performance to that using the whole time series. Hence, the ICE algorithm-based calibration is suitable for physically-based models; it does not depend much on the kind of optimization algorithm. These findings may be useful for calibrating physically-based models on much fewer data. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor A. Montanari Citation Singh, S.K. , Liang, J.Y. , and Bárdossy, A. , 2012. Improving calibration strategy of physically-based model WaSiM-ETH using critical events. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (8), 1487–1505.
Role of flares and shocks in determining solar energetic particle abundances

[1] We examine solar energetic particle (SEP) event-averaged abundances of Fe relative to O and intensity versus time profiles at energies above 25 MeV/nucleon using the SIS instrument on ACE. These data are compared with solar wind conditions during each event and with estimates of the strength of the associated shock based on average travel times to 1 AU. We find that the majority of events with an Fe to O abundance ratio greater than two times the average 5–12 MeV/nuc value for large SEP events (0.134) occur in the western hemisphere. Furthermore, in most of these Fe-rich events the profiles peak within 12 hours of the associated flare, suggesting that some of the observed interplanetary particles are accelerated in these flares. The vast majority of events with Fe/O below 0.134 are influenced by interplanetary shock acceleration. We suggest that variations in elemental composition in SEP events mainly arise from the combination of flare particles and shock acceleration of these particles and/or the ambient medium.
Genotoxicants Target Distinct Molecular Networks in Neonatal Neurons

Background Exposure of the brain to environmental agents during critical periods of neuronal development is considered a key factor underlying many neurologic disorders. Objectives In this study we examined the influence of genotoxicants on cerebellar function during early development by measuring global gene expression changes. Methods We measured global gene expression in immature cerebellar neurons (i.e., granule cells) after treatment with two distinct alkylating agents, methylazoxymethanol (MAM) and nitrogen mustard (HN2). Granule cell cultures were treated for 24 hr with MAM (10–1,000 μM) or HN2 (0.1–20 μM) and examined for cell viability, DNA damage, and markers of apoptosis. Results Neuronal viability was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) at concentrations > 500 μM for MAM and > 1.0 μM for HN2; this correlated with an increase in both DNA damage and markers of apoptosis. Neuronal cultures treated with sublethal concentrations of MAM (100 μM) or HN2 (1.0 μM) were then examined for gene expression using large-scale mouse cDNA microarrays (27,648). Gene expression results revealed that a) global gene expression was predominantly up-regulated by both genotoxicants; b) the number of down-regulated genes was approximately 3-fold greater for HN2 than for MAM; and c) distinct classes of molecules were influenced by MAM (i.e, neuronal differentiation, the stress and immune response, and signal transduction) and HN2 (i.e, protein synthesis and apoptosis). Conclusions These studies demonstrate that individual genotoxicants induce distinct gene expression signatures. Further study of these molecular networks may explain the variable response of the developing brain to different types of environmental genotoxicants.
Tectonic controls on boninite genesis

Summary Boninites are rare high-MgO and compatible-element-rich basalts that are depleted in incompatible trace elements. Whilst their high magnesium number indicates equilibrium with upper-mantle peridotite, their depleted trace-element geochemistry indicates a highly refractory and depleted source. Many models account for boninite magmatism in destructive margin environments but none has so far explained their erratic spatial and temporal occurrence. Recent studies along the southern Troodos margin have revealed a history of boninite magmatism within a complex supra-subduction zone transform fault. The transform fault boninites form a suite that cross-cuts a less trace-element-depleted magmatic sequence forming the Troodos oceanic crust that was generated at a constructive plate margin. Melting models demonstrate that the transform fault boninites were probably produced by a 10% melt of the upper mantle which had already been depleted by the extraction of the Troodos crust and mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB). In contrast with the Troodos crustal sequence, however, the boninites are also enriched in two separate components, selected high field strength elements and large-ion lithophile elements. Such incompatible-trace-element enrichments are unlikely to have survived the earlier source depletion events. Therefore the enrichment of the transform boninites must have been added to their source immediately prior to or during their genesis within the supra-subduction transform environment. The identification of rapid dilation and transtensional transform displacement along the southern Troodos margin suggests important tectonic factors in the formation and emplacement of boninite magmas. The requirement of an extensional regime and rifting of trace-element-depleted oceanic crust formed above a subduction zone (eg extension and rifting of an extended fore-arc region) explains the erratic and rare nature of boninite magmatism.