Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Responsibility Decision-Making of Universities in Stackelberg Competition

This paper establishes a Stackelberg competition model of two universities considering social responsibility (SR) and market sensitivity (MS) and examines the equilibrium results of four different scenarios: only the leader implements SR; only the follower implements SR; both the leader and the follower implement SR; neither the leader nor the follower implements SR. Then, a comparative analysis is carried out on the influence of MS and SR level. The results show that the influence of MS depends on SR implementation instead of competitive position. If MS is sufficiently high, two universities have the motive to implement more SR; under different competition scenarios, universities make different SR decisions, but the leader and the government make the same decisions on the optimal SR level. Therefore, the government could encourage the leader to take SR first.
Building Tangent‐Linear and Adjoint Models for Data Assimilation With Neural Networks

We assess the ability of neural network emulators of physical parametrization schemes in numerical weather prediction models to aid in the construction of linearized models required by four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) data assimilation. Neural networks can be differentiated trivially, and so if a physical parametrization scheme can be accurately emulated by a neural network then its tangent‐linear and adjoint versions can be obtained with minimal effort, compared with the standard paradigms of manual or automatic differentiation of the model code. Here we apply this idea by emulating the non‐orographic gravity wave drag parametrization scheme in an atmospheric model with a neural network, and deriving its tangent‐linear and adjoint models. We demonstrate that these neural network‐derived tangent‐linear and adjoint models not only pass the standard consistency tests but also can be used successfully to do 4D‐Var data assimilation. This technique holds the promise of significantly easing maintenance of tangent‐linear and adjoint codes in weather forecasting centers, if accurate neural network emulators can be constructed.
Effects of High Oleic Acid Sunflower Oil on Egg Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolk in Laying Hens

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary high oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSO) on egg quality and fatty acid composition of egg yolk in laying hens. Twenty White Leghorn laying hens (about 90 weeks old) were placed in individual cages and assigned to four experimental diets namely, control (3% corn oil), L-HOSO (1% HOSO+2% corn oil), M-HOSO (1.5% HOSO+1.5% corn oil), and H-HOSO (3% HOSO). Diets and water were offered ad libitum throughout the 21 d of the experimental period. The results revealed that hen-day production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and yolk color did not differ among dietary groups (P>0.05). The egg quality parameters, such as specific gravity and the percentage of yolk weight were significantly different among dietary groups, where the highest values were found in H-HOSO group. On the other hand, yolk color was not affected significantly by diets. Oleic and linoleic acids in egg yolk increased and decreased with increasing level of dietary HOSO, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of HOSO in laying hen diets may alter the fatty acid composition in egg yolk without any detrimental effects on egg productivity.
Rastreamento de sintomas de depressão em policiais penais: estudo de validação do PHQ-9

A depressão é um grave transtorno psicológico que acomete cada vez mais pessoas, contudo, seu diagnóstico precoce necessita de instrumentos eficazes que possam rastrear suas sintomatologias em diversificadas bases populacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de contribuir com o corrente processo de validação do questionário PHQ-9 para o uso na atenção primária em saúde pública no rastreio de sintomas depressivos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de levantamento realizada com uma amostra de 131 policiais penais lotados no Presídio Federal de Porto Velho/RO. Utilizou-se como instrumentos de pesquisa o Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a Escala de Hamilton (HAM-D) que serviu como regra de ouro para a verificação da eficácia do PHQ-9 no rastreio de sintomas depressivos, além de um questionário sociodemográfico para identificação do perfil da amostra. Os resultados demonstraram forte e significativa correlação ente as escalas (rho = 0,667; p < 0,001) o que sugere a confiabilidade do PHQ-9 para rastreio de sintomas depressivos. Conclui-se que o PHQ-9 pode ser utilizado como instrumento confiável na rede de saúde pública por profissionais qualificados, principalmente os alocados na atenção primária, auxiliando-os no diagnóstico precoce da depressão.
A novel silicon heterojunction IBC process flow using partial etching of doped a‐Si:H to switch from hole contact to electron contact in situ with efficiencies close to 23%

We present a novel process sequence to simplify the rear‐side patterning of the silicon heterojunction interdigitated back contact (HJ IBC) cells. In this approach, interdigitated strips of a‐Si:H (i/p+) hole contact and a‐Si:H (i/n+) electron contact are achieved by partially etching a blanket a‐Si:H (i/p+) stack through an SiOx hard mask to remove only the p+ a‐Si:H layer and replace it with an n+ a‐Si:H layer, thereby switching from a hole contact to an electron contact in situ, without having to remove the entire passivation. This eliminates the ex situ wet clean after dry etching and also prevents re‐exposure of the crystalline silicon surface during rear‐side processing. Using a well‐controlled process, high‐quality passivation is maintained throughout the rear‐side process sequence leading to high open‐circuit voltages (VOC). A slightly higher contact resistance at the electron contact leads to a slightly higher fill factor (FF) loss due to series resistance for cells from the partial etch route, but the FF loss due to J02‐type recombination is lower, compared with reference cells. As a result, the best cell from the partial etch route has an efficiency of 22.9% and a VOC of 729 mV, nearly identical to the best reference cell, demonstrating that the developed partial etch process can be successfully implemented to achieve cell performance comparable with reference, but with a simpler, cheaper, and faster process sequence.
Application of a zebrafish embryo toxicity assay for the study of surface water toxicity in the Lower Ile river

The quality of surface waters of Lower Ile river, Kapchagay and Kutry reservoirs was assessed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embriotoxicity test. The test was performed according to OECD guideline test No. 236, the exposure period was 5-72 h post fertilization, direct mutagen methylmethanesulfonate (MMS) was used as positive control to assess test system response. The standard visual mortality criteria of the test were applied for evaluation of possible lethal or teratogenic effect of surface waters. Exposure to MMS in concentration of 3.4 mg/L resulted in coagulation of 33.3% of embryos (p≤0.01) and almost 90% (p≤0.01) of survived embryos displayed various kinds of malformations to 72 hours post fertilization, which indicates test system susceptibility to the mutagens. It was established that none of surface water samples possess significant embryo toxic effects but all induce the spectrum of malformations related to axial skeleton (scoliosis, end tail malformation), water/salt balance and chorion permeability (oedema) and growth patterns (growth retardation) in different incidences. The lowest rate of teratogenicity was observed in embryos incubated in samples from Kapchagay bay (28.2%, p≤0.05) and Ile river at Bakanas region (site 2, 27.2%, p≤0.05). The teratogenic effect of water samples from Kurty reservoir and Ile river (site 1) was commensurable – 33.3% (p≤0.05) and 36.0% (p≤0.01) respectively. Among all tested sites only the samples of surface waters form Kurty pond produced multiple phenotypic effects in zebrafish Danio rerio embryos congruous to MMS exposure and especially, relatively high level of growth retardation, proposing the presence of disrupting or alkylating compounds in surface water samples.
Genetic Variability of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS) Sequence in Centaurea Cyanus Plants Resistant and Susceptible to Tribenuron-methyl

Centaurea cyanus, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is an arable weed species being encountered mainly in the fields with cereals, sugar beet, and corn. C. cyanus high genetic variability has recently been reported, however, little is known about sequence variability in the context of herbicide resistance. C. cyanus resistance was found mainly against acetolactate inhibitors (ALS) inhibitors, but no ALS sequence information concerning herbicide resistance mechanism has been published yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine ALS sequences for biotypes susceptible and resistant to tribenuron-methyl in order to identify possible mutations conferring the resistance. DNA isolation from susceptible and resistant plants was followed by PCR amplification and sequencing of ALS sequence. As a result different lengths of DNA products were obtained. Moreover, both nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis revealed high sequence variability within one plant as well as between plants from the same biotype. In a few resistant plants, six changes in amino acid sequence were identified in comparison to susceptible ones. However, these preliminary studies require further investigation toward confirming the significance of these mutations in herbicide resistance development. This study provides the first attempt in the research on C. cyanus target-site resistance mechanism.
Kenaf fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: A review

Recently development of high-performance polymer composites made from natural resources in the various sectors is increasing tremendously due to the environmental issues and health hazard possessed by the synthetic fibers during disposal and manufacturing. Among the many different types of natural resources, kenaf fibers have been extensively investigated as an alternative reinforcement for polymer composites over the past few years due to their low cost, good mechanical properties, high specific strength, nonabrasive, eco-friendly, and biodegradability characteristics. Kenaf is regarded as an industrial crop in Malaysia and grown commercially in other parts of the world for different applications. It is certainly one of the important plants cultivated for natural fibers globally which has great potential to use as automotive and construction materials. In many research studies, kenaf fibers have been used as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester (UPE) which perfectly improved the features of the polyester resin. The tensile properties of kenaf fiber reinforced UPE are mainly influenced by the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and the polyester resin. Several chemical modifications are employed to improve the interfacial bonding between kenaf fibers and polyester, resulting in the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composites. Therefore, this paper explores and highlights of the previous studies around kenaf fiber reinforced UPE composites, in terms of processing methods, mechanical, water absorption, and morphological properties to provide a perfect source of literature for doing further research in this topic.
meteorology: A perspective from the Yangtze River Delta region

With the rapid advance in urbanization, land-surface forcing related to the urban 10 expansion and anthropogenic heat (AH) release from human activities significantly affect the urban 11 climate and in turn the air quality. Focusing on the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, a highly 12 urbanized place with sever ozone (O3) pollution and complex geography, we estimate the impacts 13 of land-surface forcing and AH on meteorology (meteorological factors and local circulations) and 14 O3 using the WRF-chem model, which can enhance our understanding about the formation of O3 15 pollution in those rapidly developing regions with unique geographical features as most of our 16 results can be supported by previous studies conducted in other regions in the world. Regional O3 17 pollution episodes occur frequently (26 times per year) in the YRD in recent years. These O3 18 pollution episodes are usually under calm conditions characterized by high temperature (over 20 °C), 19 low relative humidity (less than 80%), light wind (less than 3 m s-1) and shallow cloud cover (less 20 than 5). In this case, high O3 mainly appears during the daytime influenced by the local circulations 21 (the sea and the lake breezes). The change in land-surface forcing can cause an increase in 2-m 22 temperature (T2) by maximum 3 °C, an increase in planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) by 23 maximum 500 m and a decrease in 10-m wind speed (WS10) by maximum 1.5 m s-1, and surface O3 24 can increase by maximum 20 g m-3 eventually. Furthermore, the expansion of coastal cities 25 enhances the sea-breeze below 500 m. During the advance of the sea-breeze front inland, the upward 26 air flow induced by the front makes well vertical mixing of O3. However, once the sea-breeze is 27 fully formed, further progression inland is stalled, thus the O3 removal by the low sea-breeze will 28 be weakened and surface O3 can be 10 g m-3 higher in the case with cities than no-cities. The 29 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-619 Preprint. Discussion started: 17 August 2021 c © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License.
Purification of Phycocyanin from Chaohu Algae by Various Salting out Methods

This research was carried out to extract and purify phycocyan in from blue algae from Chaohu Lake by utilizing salting out methods. Thus a two-step salting out was performed using Ammonium sulphate, Triammonium citrate, Sodium citrate and Sodium sulfate. The phycocyanin and the impurity solution collected at each phase were subjected to analysis by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer to identify the optimal dose of ammonium sulfate, triammonium citrate, sodium citrate and sodium sulfate. The optimal molar concentration for Ammonium sulphate, Triammonium citrate, Sodium citrate and Sodium sulfate in the first and second salting out process were 1.0 mol/L and 1.7mol/L for Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4, 0.7, mol/L and 1.3 mol/L for Triammonium citrate C6H17N3O7, 0.5mol/L and 0.9 mol/L for Sodium citrate C6H5Na3O7, 1.0mol/L and 1.3 mol/L for Sodium sulfate Na2S04. After the two-step salting out processes, it was observed that higher molar concentrations can remove impurities in large quantities, and both purity and yield was greatly increased. The results indicate a purity of phycocyanin above 2.0 with a phycocyanin recovery relatively high. This was carried out to affirm and estimate if result from the salt use will vary from a previous experiment carried out on the same river by the authors with three (3) different kinds of salt K3C6H5O7H2O, C6H5O7(NH4)3 and (NH4)2SO4 as compared to the four (4) salt compound used in this experiment.
The Effect of Synthesis of Pegylated Nanoliposome Containing DNAi on Reduction of BCL-2 Gene Expression in DLCL2 Cell Line

Methods: In this study, to prepare DNAi containing pegylated nanoliposome, 3 formulations were prepared with 5, 10, and 15% combinations of PEG 2000 with certain ratios of phospholipid and cholesterols. After purification by a Zetasizer, the mean diameter of nanoliposome was measured. Drug efficacy was determined based on the standard curve of the drug. Cytotoxicity effect of the product was determined by treatment with 0.2, 0.5, and 0. 8μg/μl concentrations of each formulation in triplicate in vitro using MTT method. Then, BCL2 gene expression was analyzed in DLCL2 cell line. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring Extravirgin Olive Oil Bioactive Components

Olive oil is the main fat source of the Mediterranean diet. This seasoning ingredient is highly appreciated for its unique taste, functional properties, and positive impact on human health. The determination of chemical composition is a demanding task in order to fully characterize this precious food product, ensure its quality, and prevent fraudulent practices. Among innovative techniques proposed for the oil analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be an extremely useful tool for olive oil characterization. In this frame, we have investigated five noncommercial olive oils produced in different parts of South Italy by using a commercial Raman microspectroscopy apparatus and home-made signal-enhancing SERS substrates. A wavelet-based data analysis has allowed us to efficiently remove the background and the noise from the acquired spectra. The analysis of these SERS spectra has enabled the quantification of the relative contents of carotene, oleic acid, and phenols. These relative contents differ in the examined samples. In addition, SERS response in the lipid region has indicated differences in the relative abundance of saturated fatty acids. The present results confirm the validity of the SERS technique as a rapid, nondestructive, and reliable analytical technique for identifying olive oil bioactive components.
Silver nanoparticles; a new hope in cancer therapy?

For creation of nanoscale value properties, microbial origins and plants are used because of their physical and chemical properties. Currently, nanobiotechnology is seen as means of producing the synthesis of nanoparticles an economical option for chemical and physical methods (1,2). Nanoparticles have unique chemical, physical and biological properties, and they are used in a lot of fields like therapeutics, cosmetics and drug delivery (3).
Electric Arc Furnaces as a Cause of Current and Voltage Asymmetry

In the case of three-phase arc furnaces, two types of asymmetry can be distinguished: constructional and operational. The structural asymmetry is related to the construction of high-current circuits supplying the arc furnace. The knowledge of the parameters of the high-current circuit allows to determine the operating characteristics of the arc device. The author proposed a method for calculating the real values of the resistance and reactance of the high-current circuit. For this purpose, tests were made to short-circuit the electrodes with the charge. During the short-circuit, with the use of a power quality analyzer, measurements of electrical indicators were carried out, which allow to determine the parameters of the high-current circuit. A new method for determining voltage operational unbalance is also presented in this paper. The theoretical considerations presented in the article were verified in industrial conditions.
An LLC-Based Battery Equalizer With Inherent Current Limitation

Automatic battery equalizers require no sensing circuits, which reduces their cost, size, and complexity. However, among existing methods, additional resistors or diodes are used in the balancing paths to ensure safe operation, which degrades the conversion efficiency and balancing speed. To overcome this problem, this article proposes an equalizer architecture based on the half-bridge LLC converter. The inherent current limitation characteristic of the proposed equalizer improves the balancing speed. High conversion efficiency is achieved due to the soft-switching operations of the switches. The circuit topology and working modes are presented first, then the features of voltage equalization, inherent current limitation, and soft-switching conditions are analyzed in detail. Finally, the proposed equalizer is validated by simulation and experiment.
Pollinator behaviour and resource limitation maintain honest floral signalling

: In many communication systems, signal receivers profit from honest signals that indicate the signaller’s quality, whereas low-quality signallers should profit from cheating. Under such a conflict of interests between signallers and signal receivers, the maintenance of honest signals presents a puzzle. In theory, honesty can represent an evolutionarily stable strategy, but the actual mechanisms have been studied in few systems only. Here, we investigate honest signalling in a plant species, Brassica rapa, that advertises nectar volumes to pollinators by two honest floral signals; corolla size and the floral volatile phenylacetaldehyde. In a series of experiments we tested for physiological constraints and pollinator behaviours related to honest floral signals and nectar volume, incorporated the result into a mathematical model, and verified its predictions experimentally. While honest floral signals attracted pollinators, the bees’ flower visitation time depended on nectar volume and was associated with the number of seeds that flowers developed. Furthermore, honest floral signals and seed set without pollen limitation both increased after soil fertilisation, indicating nutrient limitation in these traits. The mathematical model which incorporates these findings showed that honest signalling in B. rapa can be maintained by a combination of pollinator behaviour and resource limitation causing differential benefits of nectar production. The study demonstrates how honest floral signalling can evolve as a stable strategy in a plant species. Abstract 1. In many communication systems, signal receivers profit from honest signals that indicate the signaller's quality, whereas low- quality signallers should profit from cheating. Under such a conflict of interests between signallers and signal receiv ers, the maintenance of honest signals presents a puzzle. In theory, honesty can represent an evolutionarily stable strategy, but the actual mechanisms have been studied in few systems only. 2. Here, we investigate honest signalling in a plant species, Brassica rapa , that adver tises nectar volumes to pollinators by two honest floral signals; corolla size and the floral volatile phenylacetaldehyde. In a series of experiments we tested for physi ological constraints and pollinator behaviours related to honest floral signals and nectar volume, incorporated the result into a mathematical model, and verified its predictions experimentally. 3. While honest floral signals attracted pollinators, the bees’ flower visitation time depended on nectar volume and was associated with the number of seeds that flowers