Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the maternal prenatal diet and epigenetic state in infants: a systematic review of human studies

Abstract Most human studies investigating the relationship between maternal diet in pregnancy and infant epigenetic state have focused on macro- and micro-nutrient intake, rather than the whole diet. This makes it difficult to translate the evidence into practical prenatal dietary recommendations. To review the evidence on how the prenatal diet relates to the epigenetic state of infants measured in the first year of life via candidate gene or genome-wide approaches. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this systematic literature search was completed in August 2020, and updated in August 2021 and April 2022. Studies investigating dietary supplementation were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed, and the certainty of results was analysed with consideration of study quality and validity. Seven studies were included, encompassing 6852 mother-infant dyads. One study was a randomised controlled trial and the remaining six were observational studies. There was heterogeneity in dietary exposure measures. Three studies used an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) design and four focused on candidate genes from cord blood samples. All studies showed inconsistent associations between maternal dietary measures and DNA methylation in infants. Effect sizes of maternal diet on DNA methylation ranged from very low (< 1%) to high (> 10%). All studies had limitations and were assessed as having moderate to high risk of bias. The evidence presented here provides very low certainty that dietary patterns in pregnancy relate to epigenetic state in infants. We recommend that future studies maximise sample sizes and optimise and harmonise methods of dietary measurement and pipelines of epigenetic analysis.
High-Dimensional Analysis of Convex Optimization-Based Massive MIMO Decoders

High-Dimensional Analysis of Convex Optimization-Based Massive MIMO Decoders Ismail Ben Atitallah A wide range of modern large-scale systems relies on recovering a signal from noisy linear measurements. In many applications, the useful signal has inherent properties, such as sparsity, low-rankness, or boundedness, and making use of these properties and structures allow a more efficient recovery. Hence, a significant amount of work has been dedicated to developing and analyzing algorithms that can take advantage of the signal structure. Especially, since the advent of Compressed Sensing (CS) there has been significant progress towards this direction. Generally speaking, the signal structure can be harnessed by solving an appropriate regularized or constrained M-estimator. In modern Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) communication systems, all transmitted signals are drawn from finite constellations and are thus bounded. Besides, most recent modulation schemes such as Generalized Space Shift Keying (GSSK) or Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) yield signals that are inherently sparse. In the recovery procedure, boundedness and sparsity can be promoted by using the `1 norm regularization and by imposing an `∞ norm constraint respectively. In this thesis, we propose novel optimization algorithms to recover certain classes of structured signals with emphasis on MIMO communication systems. The exact analysis permits a clear characterization of how well these systems perform. Also, it allows an automatic tuning of the parameters. In each context, we define the appropriate performance metrics and we analyze them exactly in the High Dimentional Regime (HDR). 5 The framework we use for the analysis is based on Gaussian process inequalities; in particular, on a new strong and tight version of a classical comparison inequality (due to Gordon, 1988) in the presence of additional convexity assumptions. The new framework that emerged from this inequality is coined as Convex Gaussian Min-max Theorem (CGMT).
Characterizing the Radiative Effect of Rain Using a Global Ensemble of Cloud Resolving Simulations

The effect of rain on radiative fluxes and heating rates is a process that is neglected in most of the large scale atmospheric models used for weather forecasting or climate prediction. Yet to our knowledge, the magnitude of the resulting radiative bias remains unquantified. This study aims to quantify the rain radiative effect (RRE) at a range of temporal and spatial scales, as a step toward determining whether the radiation schemes in these models should include rain. Using off‐line radiative transfer calculations with input from an ensemble of cloud resolving model simulations, we find that rain has a negligible effect on global mean radiative fluxes (less than 0.2 W m−2). Weekly mean RREs at specific locations may be larger (less than 4 W m−2). At the finest temporal and spatial resolutions, the RRE can occasionally be much larger again (greater than 100 W m−2), but values exceeding 10 W m−2 occur in less than 0.1% of cases. Using detailed analysis of case studies we demonstrate that the magnitude and direction of the RRE depend on the rain water path, its vertical location with respect to cloud, and, for longwave radiation, the temperature at which it occurs. Large RREs generally only occur when the rain water path is large and the cloud water path is small. These cases are infrequent and intermittent. As the RREs are generally small, we conclude that this missing process is unlikely to be important for large scale atmospheric models.
Gamification in dermatology: A systematic review

involved the members of the public. Four studies compared the effects of gamification with traditional meth-ods of learning. Students who participated in a matching game identified skin lesions more accurately, 3 and those who participated in a medical escape room had greater improvements in their test scores. 4 Patients who participated in a web-based applet game identified skin lesions with greater sensitivity, 5 and members of the public who participated in a pattern recognition game also identified skin lesions with greater sensitivity and accuracy. 6 Notably, four studies explored the effects of gamification on the identification of melanoma. Generally, gamification methods were associated with a higher level of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and self-perceived confidence in melanoma identification. The role of gamification in the education of melanoma identification could be of increasing practical significance given the rising incidence of melanoma 7 and how melanoma is usually self-identified among patients and their relatives. 8,9 However, many of these studies were limited by their small sample size. Many studies also lacked a control arm and did not compare the effectiveness of gamification with traditional learning modalities. In addition, most studies were short-term and conducted on a once-off basis and did not assess the long-term effects of gamification. Despite the limitations, gamification remains an area of great potential in dermatology education. When used among patients and their caregivers, gamification can facilitate self-identification of pathological skin lesions, leading to earlier detection and potentially better outcomes. Gamification in the form of medical student education can also complement, or serve as an alternative approach, to traditional learning modalities. We propose for future research to be geared more towards the design of randomized controlled trials to better evaluate the efficacy of gamification on dermatology education compared to traditional methods of learning. Future studies should also be conducted on a longer-term basis to explore the longevity of the benefits of gamification.
Experiments on two-layer density-stratified inertial gravity currents

Experiments for the gravity currents produced from a two-layer density-stratified buoyancy source in a full-depth, lock-exchange setup with a scaling analysis describing the flow morphologies are presented. In the inertial phase of propagation, the 3/2 power relationship x f = 1.5FIB 0 (t + tI ) robustly applies between the front location xf and time t , where FI is the Froude number in the inertial phase, B0 is the total released buoyancy, and tI is the t-intercept. We showed that the Froude number in the inertial phase is not a universal constant but depends on the two controlling parameters, namely, the density difference ratio, Rρ = (ρU − ρ0)/(ρL − ρ0), where ρU , ρL, and ρ0 are the densities of the fluids in the upper layer, lower layer, and ambient environment, respectively, and the buoyancy distribution parameter, RB = BU/B0, where BU is the buoyancy in the upper layer. For a given buoyancy distribution parameter, the Froude number in the inertial phase decreases monotonically as the density difference ratio decreases. For a given density difference ratio, the Froude number in the inertial phase has a local minimum as the buoyancy distribution parameter falls in the range of 0.3 RB 0.5. When the buoyancy source is homogeneous, the Froude number in the inertial phase has its maximum value at FI = 1.33 ± 0.02. The flow morphology is also found to depend on the two controlling parameters. For weakly stratified two-layer heavy fluid, 0.4 Rρ < 1, mixing between the fluids from the two layers is more immediate. For strongly stratified two-layer heavy fluid, 0 < Rρ 0.4, there is less mixing between the layers for flows dominated by the upper layer, RB → 1, and for flows dominated by the lower layer, RB → 0. For gravity currents that are produced from a strongly stratified source and dominated by the upper layer, the upper layer may override and outrun the lower layer, which initially takes the lead after the two-layer heavy fluid is released. For gravity currents that are produced from a strongly stratified source and dominated by the lower layer, the lower layer may outrun the upper layer from the outset, resulting in streamwise stratification. Surprisingly, for the gravity currents produced from a strongly stratified source, mixing of fluids from the two layers can be enhanced when the buoyancy distribution parameter falls in the range of 0.3 RB 0.5. Such an exceptional observation is now successfully explained by the scaling analysis.
Evolutionary quantum origins of consciousness

Received: March 20, 2018; Accepted: April 17, 2018; Published: April 20, 2018 Recent investigations [1] of EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen)generated [2] entangled proton qubit-pairs demonstrate that Grover’s [3] enzyme quantum-readers quantify quantum informational content embodied within entangled proton qubit genomic systems [4]. Double-helical DNA is replicated into a “metastable” keto-amino state; consequently, metastable hydrogen bonded amino (–NH2) genome protons encounter quantum uncertainty limits [1,4], Δx Δpx ≥ ħ/2. The resulting quantum mechanical proton – proton interaction introduces probabilities of EPR-arrangements, keto-amino ―(entanglement) → enol-imine, yielding “qubit-pairs” of entangled enol and imine protons (Figures. 1,2). Reactions yielding EPR-generated entangled proton qubit-pairs are observed [1,4] as G-C → G ́-C ́, G-C → *G-*C and A-T → *A-*T. (Bold italics ― G ́-C ́, *G-*C, *A-*T ― denote necessity of Hilbert space to describe dynamics of embedded entangled proton qubit-pairs; see Figures. 1&2 for notation.)
Isotope tracing reveals bacterial catabolism of host-derived glutathione during Helicobacter pylori infection

Mammalian cells synthesize the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to shield cellular biomolecules from oxidative damage. Certain bacteria, including the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, can perturb host GSH homeostasis. H. pylori infection significantly decreases GSH levels in host tissues, which has been attributed to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in infected cells. However, the precise mechanism of H. pylori-induced GSH depletion remains unknown, and tools for studying this process during infection are limited. We developed an isotope-tracing approach to quantitatively monitor host-derived GSH in H. pylori-infected cells by mass spectrometry. Using this method, we determined that H. pylori catabolizes reduced GSH from gastric cells using γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (gGT), an enzyme that hydrolyzes GSH to glutamate and cysteinylglycine (Cys-Gly). gGT is an established virulence factor with immunomodulatory properties that is required for H. pylori colonization in vivo. We found that H. pylori internalizes Cys-Gly in a gGT-dependent manner and that Cys-Gly production during H. pylori infection is coupled to the depletion of intracellular GSH from infected cells. Consistent with bacterial catabolism of host GSH, levels of oxidized GSH did not increase during H. pylori infection, and exogenous antioxidants were unable to restore the GSH content of infected cells. Altogether, our results indicate that H. pylori-induced GSH depletion proceeds via an oxidation-independent mechanism driven by the bacterial enzyme gGT, which fortifies bacterial acquisition of nutrients from the host. Additionally, our work establishes a method for tracking the metabolic fate of host-derived GSH during infection.
Nonlinear Wave Chaos and the Random Coupling Model

Title of dissertation: NONLINEAR WAVE CHAOS AND THE RANDOM COUPLING MODEL Min Zhou Dissertation directed by: Professor Steven M. Anlage Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Concepts from the field of wave chaos have been shown to successfully predict the statistical properties of linear electromagnetic fields in electrically large enclosures. The Random Coupling Model (RCM) describes these properties by incorporating both universal features described by Random Matrix Theory and the system-specific features of particular system realizations. This Ph.D. thesis studies various approaches to extend the RCM to the nonlinear domain. Nonlinearity has been introduced to study the statistics of generated harmonics and amplitude dependent responses of complex electromagnetic structures. The sources of nonlinearity that have been studied include circuit elements such as diodes, nonlinear dielectrics, and superconducting materials. Nonlinear systems in different scenarios are studied and the RCM is applied and extended to explain the statistical results. This is an important step in the ongoing effort to create the science of nonlinear wave chaos. NONLINEAR WAVE CHAOS AND THE RANDOM COUPLING MODEL
In Memory of Ivo Brosens: Reflections on the Pathophysiology of Neonatal Uterine Bleeding

Background: The occurrence of vaginal bleeding in early neonatal life has been observed for centuries and was considered a consequence of the sudden drop in circulating hormones following birth. As such, neonatal uterine bleeding was dismissed as having no clinical significance. Interest in the phenomenon was renewed when a new theory suggested a link between neonatal uterine bleeding (NUB) and accelerated endometrial maturation. This theory was based on the observation of a higher incidence of NUB in babies born post-term or after pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, or blood group incompatibility. Objective: The objective of this study was to review of available evidence on the pathogenesis of NUB. Method: Review of available literature using Medline search (August 2022, no limit on start date or language) to identify articles that may link NUB with features of the uterus and/or endometrium. Outcome: The fetal endometrial responses differ from that of the adult. In the fetus, the endometrium features progestogenic response only in a minority of cases. The endometrium in most newborn girls does not exhibit secretory or decidual changes which indicate lack of progesterone response. Most newborn girls do not have visible bleeding. Animal studies linked exogenous progestogen exposure during the period of organogenesis to poor endometrial gland development, progesterone resistance, and to alterations of reproductive performance. Although the fetal endometrium may not exhibit a full proliferative response, it is clearly sensitive to circulating estrogens. Molecular mechanisms involved in NUB may include “ontogenetic progesterone resistance. ” Conclusion and Outlook: Endometrial development and its response to withdrawal of hormones at birth varies and may be affected by intrauterine stressors and gestational age. Factors that affect endometrial development during fetal life and in preterm neonates can have implications on future reproductive performance.
A compact reconfigurable ultra‐wideband G‐shaped printed antenna with band‐notched characteristic

A compact UWB G‐shaped printed monopole antenna with reconfigurable band‐notched characteristic is presented. The antenna design having a low profile of 8 × 27.5 mm2 consists of a G‐shaped radiating element size of 8 × 8 mm2 fed by a microstrip transmission line with a matching line and a defected ground structure. In order to achieve reconfigurable characteristic, a pin diode is inserted between the poles of G‐shaped radiator. When the pin diode is at ON‐state, G‐shaped patch behaves like a ring radiator and the antenna thus operates at whole UWB frequency. On the other hand; when the pin diode is at OFF‐state, the antenna has a band‐notched characteristic corresponds to C‐band and WIMAX band spectrum. The antenna design is parametrically investigated and the proposed design is verified by a prototype. From the measured results, the antenna has switchable characteristic between whole UWB spectrum of 2.8‐12.6 GHz at ON‐state and stopped band of 3.5‐4.95 GHz at OFF‐state. Therefore, the proposed antenna excels in terms of geometry's simplicity, compactness, near omnidirectional pattern, high efficiency as well as band‐notched configurability.
Dual Mode Suspended Substrate Stripline (SSS) Filter

Evolution of wireless communication systems towards high flexibility, low cost and high efficiency leads to tremendous activity in the area of microwave filters. In an RF front-end of a cellular radio base station, signals are being transmitted and received simultaneously. In the receive band, there are chances of intermodulation products from the power amplifier being fed to the receiver,thus the transmit filter must have a very high level of signal rejection. Furthermore, the transmit filter must also have low passband insertion loss since it impacts the power transmitted and the overall transmit system efficiency. Recently, filters with dual-mode operation were being investigated due to their ability to produce two degenerate modes using a single physical structure; therefore, the size and cost of the filter can be reduced without compromising any figure-of-merits. A dual mode suspended substrate stripline filter is presented in this thesis. These filters enable achieving low insertion loss, high Q, high selectivity and good spurious response. Initially, a dual mode ring resonator structure is investigated using suspended substrate stripline technology. This technology is used due to its advantages which are comparable to microstrip or any other planar transmission lines. The HFSS three dimensional finite element method (FEM) is used to evaluate the resonant frequency, quality factor and the first harmonics.A second order suspended substrate stripline filter was designed with capacitive coupled input and output feeding method. The input and output feed were positioned 90 degree from each other while a notch was used in this filter to couple two degenerate modes which also control the bandwidth of the filter. A high performance Generalized Chebychev filter was designed to meet the stringent electrical requirement in the RF front-end of a cellular radio base station. With this fourth order filter, four finite frequency transmission zeros were achieved due to phase cancellation between two paths which results in high selectivity filter response. Metal tuning screws were added to improve any practical imperfections. Finally an asymmetrical Generalized Chebychev filter was designed with real frequency transmission zeros positioned on one side of the passband. With this design, the aim of achieving higher selectivity filter response above the passband was demonstrated.
Role of TaqMan array card in determining causative organisms of acute febrile illness in hospitalized patients

Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a prevalent disease in developing countries that is difficult to diagnose due to the diversity of infectious organisms and the poor quality of clinical diagnosis. TaqMan array card (TAC) can detect up to 35 AFI‐associated organisms in 1.5 h, addressing diagnostic demands. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of TAC in determining the causative organisms in hospitalized AFI patients.
Single-wheel robot modelling using natural orthogonal complement

The modelling on SWR is a foundation work for researchers to carry out further study, thus is very important. The early modelling on SWR are mostly done by the Euler-Lagrange equations, and the Euler angles are used to calculate the attitude of SWR. The method of Euler-Lagrange equations has to calculate a lot of quadratic terms and partial differential terms, while the Euler angles are known to be prone to singularities. This paper proposed a novel modelling on SWR by using nature orthogonal complement, which is simpler and more efficient in computation than Euler-Lagrange equations. Further, the quaternions was employed to calculate the attitude of SWR, thus free of singularity problem. Moreover, the radius of the toroidal wheel has been taken into account on the model firstly, so the mathematical model is more close to the real physical situation. The dynamic modelling results have been verified by numerous experiments.
Modeling venous bias in resting state functional MRI metrics

Resting‐state (rs) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to detect low‐frequency fluctuations in the blood oxygen‐level dependent (BOLD) signal across brain regions. Correlations between temporal BOLD signal fluctuations are commonly used to infer functional connectivity. However, because BOLD is based on the dilution of deoxyhemoglobin, it is sensitive to veins of all sizes, and its amplitude is biased by draining veins. These biases affect local BOLD signal location and amplitude, and may also influence BOLD‐derived connectivity measures, but the magnitude of this venous bias and its relation to vein size and proximity is unknown. Here, veins were identified using high‐resolution quantitative susceptibility maps and utilized in a biophysical model to investigate systematic venous biases on common local rsfMRI‐derived measures. Specifically, we studied the impact of vein diameter and distance to veins on the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), Hurst exponent (HE), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and eigenvector centrality values in the grey matter. Values were higher across all distances in smaller veins, and decreased with increasing vein diameter. Additionally, rsfMRI values associated with larger veins decrease with increasing distance from the veins. ALFF and ReHo were the most biased by veins, while HE and fALFF exhibited the smallest bias. Across all metrics, the amplitude of the bias was limited in voxel‐wise data, confirming that venous structure is not the dominant source of contrast in these rsfMRI metrics. Finally, the models presented can be used to correct this venous bias in rsfMRI metrics.
Bioimpedance analysis in patients with chronic kidney disease.

especially important to have a structured and uniform methodology for follow up and, if possible, perform repeated measurements or use a reference method, for example, dual ‐ energy X ‐ ray absorptiometry. We believe that by better understanding of the fundamental differences between bioimpedance devices, principles of measurement and incorporation of the results with clinical assessment as part of decision support tools may better support use of BIS at the individual level.