Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced electrical performance for conductive atomic force microscopy

A new configuration of a conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) is presented, which provides enhanced electrical specs and performance while keeping the nanometer spatial resolution. This is achieved by integrating in the same measurement system a CAFM and a semiconductor parameter analyzer (SPA). The CAFM controls the tip position and scanning parameters, and the SPA is used for sample biasing and measurement. To test this set up, thin SiO2 gate oxides of MOS devices have been characterized. For current measurements, the resulting dynamic range was from 1 pA up to 1 mA. The good performance of the conductive tip at such high currents is demonstrated.
Bubbles in viscous liquids: shapes, wakes and velocities

The shapes and terminal velocities of bubbles rising in viscous liquids have been determined. For Morton numbers (M) greater than 4 × 10−3 the drag coefficient and dimensionless bubble shape are functions only of Reynolds number (R). Shape regimes and terminal rise velocities have been correlated. The flow field around a rising bubble was visualized through the hydrogen bubble tracer technique. For M > 4 × 10−3 and R < 110 the bubbles trailed closed, laminar toroidal wakes. For R > 110 the wake was open and unsteady. Streamlines for the flow were obtained by raising a ciné camera at the same speed as the bubble and filming the H2 tracer bubbles. Results are presented for R < 150 and 7·4 × 10−4 < M < 850.
Coherent detection in self-homodyne systems with single and multi-core transmission

This work reviews the latest advancements in coherent self-homodyne detection (SHD) using signals with polarizationor space-multiplexed pilot tones (PTs) originating from the same light source, towards the implementation of low-cost coherent receivers. The coherency between signals and PTs drastically reduces laser linewidth requirements, enabling the use of high-order modulation formats with low-cost DFB lasers. In this work, we revise the application of SHD in high-capacity space-division multiplexed links using multi-core fibers, outlining optical signal-to-noise ratio, skew and phase noise requirements of such systems. Furthermore, we evaluate the application of SHD for the implementation of laser-less optical network units in passive optical networks, as well as recent developments in digital SHD techniques.
Parametric surface meshing using a combined advancing-front generalized Delaunay approach

An indirect method for meshing parametric surfaces conforming to a user-specifiable size map is presented. First, from this size specification, a Riemannian metric is defined so that the desired mesh is one with unit length edges with respect to the related Riemannian space (the so-called ‘unit mesh’). Then, based on the intrinsic properties of the surface, the Riemannian structure is induced into the parametric space. Finally, a unit mesh is generated completely inside the parametric space such that it conforms to the metric of the induced Riemannian structure. This mesh is constructed using a combined advancing-front—Delaunay approach applied within a Riemannian context. The proposed method can be applied to mesh composite parametric surfaces. Several examples illustrate the efficiency of our approach. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rabi splitting induced by photon tunneling modes in effective zero-index metamaterials

We theoretically and experimentally study the Rabi splitting induced by photon tunneling modes in a paired structure composed of a permittivity-negative medium and a permeability-negative medium. It is shown that a tunneling mode will appear at the frequency where the paired structure is equivalent to a media with effective (near) zero refractive index. A cavity may be realized with features: subwavelength cavity size and exponentially increasing of the optical field. Therefore, the photon tunneling mode in a metamaterial with effective (near) zero refractive index may be used as a cavity with highly localized field and small volume.
Temperature dependence of the domain wall width in LaAlO3

Twin wall related diffuse scattering intensities from a single crystal of LaAlO3 were determined using high-resolution x-ray diffraction methods. Rocking curves were measured for sample temperatures between 295 and 900 K. The wall thickness W was determined by comparing the observed diffraction profiles with structure factor calculations for a tanh(x/W) wall profile. It is shown that W≈20 A at low temperatures and increases slowly with temperature reaching values in excess of 200 A near Tc≈850 K with W∝|T−Tc|−1.
Ensemble simulations of eurasian snow‐depth anomalies and their influence on the summer Asian monsoon

The effect of springtime surface conditions over Eurasia on the monsoon circulation is addressed by using several simulations with the model used by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). the simulations have been specially designed to investigate whether the Eurasian snow‐anomaly is a passive response to the tropical forcing, implying that the ultimate relationship exists only between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the monsoon as suggested by previous studies, or plays an active independent role in the monsoon modulation. Preliminary results suggest that the Eurasian snow depth is probabilistically predictable, and that it does influence the seasonal‐mean monsoon independently of the ENSO phase. Therefore, proper observations and simulations of the Eurasian snow field can provide an additional and independent contribution to monsoon prediction.
Electro‐optic phase modulation and optical second‐harmonic generation in corona‐poled polymer films

Electro‐optic phase modulation was measured along with optical second‐harmonic generation in thin films of a new copolymer containing a dicyanovinyl‐terminated azo dye side chain. Orientational order was imparted to these films by poling with a corona discharge. Details of the electro‐optic measurement technique, in which the real part of the electro‐optic coefficient can be determined directly, are presented. Taking advantage of the increased orientation imparted by corona poling and the hindered motion of the nonlinear optical moiety in the side chain of the polymer leads to substantial improvements in both the magnitude and stability of nonlinear optical susceptibilities compared to guest‐host polymer systems ordered by electrode poling.
24-ch microlens-integrated no-polish connector for optical interconnection with polymer waveguides

We successfully developed a new 24-ch optical connector for polymer waveguides. The connector consists of a transparent thermoplastic resin that has two rectangular slits on one side for alignment of the waveguide films and integrated microlens arrays on the other side for coupling to the MT connector. Two 12-ch waveguide films were cut to a 3-mm width. The thickness of each waveguide film was controlled at 100 μm. The waveguide films were inserted into the slits until they touched the bottom face of the slit. Ultraviolet curing adhesive was used to achieve a short hardening process. The expanded beam in the transparent material is focused by the microlens arrays formed on the connector surface. This lens structure enables assembly without the need for a polishing process. We designed the lens for coupling between a step-index 40-μm rectangular waveguide and a graded-index 50-μm fiber. We achieved low-loss optical coupling by designing a method of providing asymmetric magnification between the horizontal and vertical directions in order to compensate for the asymmetric numerical aperture of the waveguide. The typical measured coupling losses from/to the waveguide to/from the fiber were 1.2 dB and 0.6 dB, respectively. The total coupling loss was as small as that of a physical contact connection.
INVESTIGATION THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION DIVULGENCE ON BENEFIT RATE STABILITY AND ITS ELEMENTS AMONG ACCEPTED COMPANIES IN TEHRAN ’ S COMMERCIAL PAPERS EXCHANGE

The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of information divulgence (including two components of support ability and being up to date) on benefit rate stability and its elements. Since benefit’s stability is one of the main components considered in benefit’s quality, and since more stable benefits have more quality than unstable benefits, then they have more valuation in commercial papers. This study uses data of accepted companies in Tehran’s commercial paper exchange in period between 2002-2009. To test the research hypothesis the method of multi variance regression model with combined data estimation was applied. It is found that the quality of divulgence increases the stability in cash part of the benefits. It is also found that the divulgence quality has no significant effect on stability increasing and reported benefit quality.
Piecewise divergence‐free discontinuous Galerkin methods for Stokes flow

In this paper, we consider different possibilities of using divergence-free discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Stokes problem in order to eliminate the pressure from the discrete problem. We focus on three different approaches: one based on a C0 approximation of the stream function in two dimensions (the vector potential in three dimensions), one based on the non-conforming Morley element (which corresponds to a divergence-free non-conforming Crouzeix-Raviart approximation of the velocities), and one fully discontinuous Galerkin method with a stabilization of the pressure that allows the edgewise elimination of the pressure variable before solving the discrete system. We limit the analysis in the stream function case to two spatial dimensions, while the analysis of the fully discontinuous approach is valid also in three dimensions.
Numerical modelling of tokamak plasma micro turbulence wave number spectrum reconstruction using radial correlation reflectometry data

Radial correlation reflectometry (RCR) is used technique providing information on the tokamak plasma micro turbulence. The data interpretation in this technique using for probing simultaneously different frequencies is based on the hypothesis of high measurements localization. In essence, it is similar to that used in probe correlation method where the signal cross-correlation function (CCF) is identified with the turbulence CCF. Unfortunately according to a strict theoretical analysis, both numerical and analytical, this assumption is incorrect; nevertheless the analytical theory proposed here shows that it is possible to reconstruct the turbulence radial wave number spectra using the RCR experimental data. It is also demonstrated that the turbulence CCF is reconstructed more precisely than spectra. It is illustrated by numerical computations for FT-2 (Russian Federation) and Tore Supra (France) tokamaks. Capabilities of spatial inhomogeneous micro turbulence spectra reconstruction is investigated as the transport barrier characterization for example. Information is also reported on the limitations of this method.
Thermal Stress Evolution of the Roll During Rolling and Idling in Hot Strip Rolling Process

This study examined a critical idling time for the roll to attain a target temperature prior to rolling the next strip in the hot strip rolling process. Thermoelastic finite element simulations were performed to compute the temperature evolution and resulting thermal stress variations of the roll during rolling and idling. The results showed that a circumferential compressive stress was generated in the roll during rolling. However, circumferential tensile stress on the roll surface was produced very shortly (about 0.76 s) and reached about 68 MPa around 28 s after the beginning of idling. The temperature distribution of the roll's 1.5-mm-thick outer layer was homogenized and reached a steady state approximately 28 s after the onset of idling. Hence, we may cut down the long idling time (90–120 s), generally adopted in a hot strip rolling process, to decrease (by 68.9–76.7%) the roll temperature elevated during rolling to a target temperature.
Lifelong Optimization with Low Regret A Proofs in Section 3

The lower bound is obtained by considering the following two special cases. First, for the case with K = 1, the problem reduces to the traditional experts problem with GH experts, which is known to have an Ω( √ T log(GH)) regret lower bound (see e.g. Section 3.7 in (Cesa-Bianchi and Lugosi, 2006)). Next, for the case with G = 1, let us consider the scenario with each task lasting for T/K steps. Note that each task again reduces to the traditional experts problem with H experts, and each task can be considered separately as each is compared against a different predictor. Therefore, in this scenario, we can establish a regret lower bound of K · Ω( √ (T/K) logH) = Ω( √ KT logH).
OB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud

Spectral classification of 19 OB stars in the SMC yields a true distance modulus of 19TM 1 and indicates that the foreground reddening is negligible. Through comparison of H-R diagrams, the SMC is found to be 0TM5 more distant than the LMC. Equivalent-width measurements indicate that the C ΠΙ, Ν HI, and Si lines are 2 to 3 times weaker in the SMC stars than in stars in either the LMC or the Galaxy. Projected rotational velocities are also given for each star.
Nylon coil actuator operating temperature range and stiffness

Components in automotive and aerospace applications require a wide temperature range of operation. Newly discovered thermally active Baughman muscle potentially provides affordable and viable solutions for driving mechanical devices by heating them from room temperature, but little is known about their operation below room temperature. We study the mechanical behavior of nylon coil actuators by testing elastic modulus and by investigating tensile stroke as a function of temperature. Loads that range from 35 MPa to 155 MPa were applied. For the nylon used and the coiling conditions, active thermal contraction totals 19.5 % when the temperature is raised from -40 °C to 160 °C. The thermal contraction observed from -40 °C to 20°C is only ~2 %, whereas between 100 and 160 °C the contraction is 10 %. A marked increase in thermal contraction is occurs in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature (~ 45°C). The elastic modulus drops as temperature increases, from ~155 MPa at – 40 °C to 35 MPa at 200 °C. Interestingly the drop in active contraction with increasing load is small and much less than might be expected given the temperature dependence of modulus.
Error Bounds for Stationary Phase Approximations

An error theory is constructed for the method of stationary phase for integrals of the \[I(x) = \int_a^b {e^{ixp(t)} q(t)dt. } \]Here x is a large real parameter, the function $p(t)$ is real, and neither $p(t)$ nor $q(t)$ need be analytic in t. For both finite and infinite ranges of integration, explicit expressions are derived for the truncation errors associated with the asymptotic expansion of $I(x)$. The use of these explicit expressions for the computation of realistic error bounds is illustrated by means of an example.
CMA Blind Multiuser Detector Based on FLOS in Impulse Noise

Blind multiuser detector can suppress the MAI(multiple address interference) effectively. Gaussian channel noise is assumed in the traditional methods, but the non-Gaussian channel noise is more realistic. This paper proposes a new CMA(Constant Modulus Algorithm) criterion employing FLOS(fractional lower-order statistic). Theoretical analyses and the computer simulations indicate that the associated FLOS-CMA blind MUD(MultiUser Detection) method,based on a stochastic gradient descent algorithm has a good performance in BER(bit error rate). The traditional MUD algorithm is the special case of this algorithm.
A harnack inequality approach to the regularity of free boundaries

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Identifying potential biomarkers in LC‐MS data

In this paper an application of the uninformative variable elimination–partial least squares (UVE‐PLS) method extended by the Monte Carlo approach for selection of possible biomarkers from the liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) data is reported. The main challenge consists not in the chemometrics analysis of LC‐MS data, but in the data organization. However, as demonstrated in our study, the selected variables are similar regardless of the data organization strategy. The best results are obtained for the standard normal variate (SNV) transformed data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning about Active Galactic Nucleus Jets from Spectral Properties of Blazars

We use multiwavelength spectra of core-dominated flat spectrum radio-loud quasars (FSRQs) to study properties of jets in active galactic nuclei. From a comparison of the predicted bulk Compton radiation with the observed soft X-ray fluxes, we find that these jets must be optically very thin. This eliminates the importance of such processes as Coulomb interactions, pair annihilation, and bremsstrahlung and determines the minimum distance from the black hole where a powerful jet can be fully developed (accelerated, collimated, and mass loaded). In the case of pair dominated jets, this distance is ≫100GMBH/c2. Further constraints on the parameters of a jet can be derived from luminosities and positions of spectral peaks of low-energy (IR/optical) and high-energy (γ-ray) radiation components, provided that both are produced by the same population of electrons. Whereas there appears to be a consensus about the synchrotron origin of the low-energy component, there is still debate about the mechanism of production of γ-rays. Most likely, they result from Comptonization of a soft radiation field by the same electrons that produce synchrotron radiation. Such a soft radiation field can be provided by the synchrotron process in a jet, by the accretion disk, and by a fraction of the disk radiation that is reprocessed/rescattered by emission line clouds, dust, and intercloud medium. We show that for FSRQs, the production of the high-energy radiation can be dominated by Comptonization of synchrotron radiation only for jets with moderate bulk Lorentz factors Γj (≲3) or if external radiation fields are much weaker than those observed in typical quasars. Furthermore, in synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) models, the relativistic plasma producing nonthermal radiation is constrained to be very weakly magnetized (B' < 0.01 gauss) and located at very large distances (r ~ 1019 cm). These can impose problems with jet confinement and with short observed timescale of variability. In the external radiation Compton (ERC) models, the magnetic fields are predicted to be much stronger (B' ~ 100 gauss), and nonthermal radiation can be produced very closely to the black hole (r ~ 1016 cm), which alleviates the problems with plasma confinement and short timescale variability. However, because of the close proximity to the black hole, the constraints imposed by the bulk Compton radiation imply that the plasma must be free of e+e- pairs. Finally, we discuss the difficulties that existing models have in explaining the sharp spectral breaks at MeV energies and postulate a “hot electron” version of the ERC scenario for the production of MeV peaks. We show that appropriate electron “temperatures” (kT ~ 100 MeV) to produce the luminosity peak at MeV energies by Comptonization of external UV radiation are achievable at subparsec distances only for proton-electron plasmas.
Sample Size and Power Calculations for Periodontal and Other Studies with Clustered Samples Using the Method of Generalized Estimating Equations

In this paper we provide sample size or power estimation formulas for clinical trials that involve clustered samples and intend to use the method of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for data analyses. The general formulas and two special cases, one for continuous and another for binary variables are given. The motivating example of periodontal clinical trial is given for illustration. These formulas should help researchers in designing studies with appropriate sample size and power.
The Estimation of Base Temperature for Heating and Cooling Degree-Days for South Korea

AbstractIn South Korea, heating degree-days (HDD) and cooling degree-days (CDD) have been widely used as climatic indicators for the assessment of the impact of climate change, but arbitrary or customary base temperatures have been used for calculation of HDD and CDD. The purpose of this study is to determine real base temperatures to accurately calculate HDD and CDD for South Korea, using monthly electric energy consumption and mean temperature data from 2001 to 2010. The results reveal that the regional electricity demand generally depends on air temperature in a V-shaped curve in urban settings but in an L-shaped curve in rural settings, indicating that the sensitivity of the electricity demand to the temperature change is affected by the size of cities. The South Korean regional base temperatures, defined by a piecewise linear regression method, range from 14.7° to 19.4°C. These results suggest that the assessment of climate change impacts on the energy sector in South Korea should be carried out on a.
Certain Finitely Generated Compact Zero Dimensional Semigroups

Abstract Consider a compact zero dimensional (profinite) monoid. While the group of units must be open, a regular D-class need not be open in the ideal it generates. This is the case if and only if the semigroup contains infinitely many copies of a certain semilattice composed of an increasing sequence of idempotents converging to an upper bound. Using compactifications of free products, two generator compact monoids with these properties are constructed.
Sacred Heart University From the SelectedWorks of Samah Senbel Winter December 14 , 2014 JOMR : Multi-join optimizer technique to enhance mapreduce job

Map-Reduce is a programming model and execution an environment developed by Google to process very large amounts of data. Query optimizer is needed to find more efficient plans for declarative SQL query. In classic database: join algorithms are optimized to execute the entire query result, but they ignore the importance of tables order especially in multi-join query. But we can see that the orders for tables are an important factor to get the best performance of a query plan and will be very effective in performance when join tables content huge number of rows in addition to more than one join operation. In this paper we proposed a new technique called JOMR (Join Order In Map-Reduce) that optimizes and enhances Map-Reduce job. This technique uses enhanced parallel Travel Salesman Problem (TSP) using Map-Reduce for improving the performance of query plans according to change the order for join tables. Also we build a cost model that supports our algorithm to find best join order. We will focus on Hive especially multi-join query and our experiments result for JOMR algorithm proving the effectiveness of our query optimizer and this performance is improved more when increasing the number of join and size of data.