Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kishk - a dried fermented milk / cereal mixture. 1 Composition of gross components, carbohydrates, organic acids and fatty acids

An investigation of the compositional quality of 25 commercial samples of Lebanese Kishk was undertaken. The results of chemical analysis (g-l 00 s ' on dry matter basis (DMB)) of the sampi es were within the following ranges: protein, 14.7-21.4; fat, 2.6-1 1.5; ash, 4.1-9.3; and car- bohydrates, 61.0-76.8. The moisture and salt contents ranged between 6.8 and 10.8, and 0.95 and 4.48 g·IOO g-l, respectively, and the pH averaged 3.8. The carbohydrate content calculated by difference (total solids - (protein + fat + ash)) was slightly greater than by the summation method (galactose + lactose + fibre + starch). Lactic and acctic acids were identified to be the major organic acids present in the Kishk samples, including an appreciable amount of propionic acid. Principal component anal- ysis (PCA) was used to map the relationships between these samples; PC 1 of the organic acid data accounted for only 37 % of the total variation separating the Kishk sampI es high in propionic, lactic and uric/formic acids, and those with high acetic, orotic, pyruvic and citric acid contents. Profiling the fatty acid content in the Kishk samples did not conclusively identify the type of milk used, but the ratios of C4:a! (C6:0 + C8:0) and C 12:a! C 10:0 provided appropriate mapping of Kishk sampI es made with goat's milk and possibly adulteration with cow's milk at a level of 20 %. © InralElsevier, Paris.
Applaying Seating Arrangement And Teachers’ Role in English Language Teaching to Increase Students’ Speaking Ability

Banyak sekolah dan universitas menggunakan pengaturan tempat duduk konvensional dalam proses belajar dan mengajar. Terkadang kursi siswa memiliki palet kayu pada satu sisi tangan sebagai tempat untuk menulis. Terkadang pula terdapat meja di depan siswa duduk. Hal ini memiliki banyak masalah ketika menggunakan pengaturan tempat duduk tersebut. Masalah â€“ masalah ini membuat beberapa guru atau dosen menyusun pengaturan tempat duduk yang tepat. Peran guru untuk mengatur hal tersebut dan melaksanakan aktifitas belajar dan mengajar juga mempunyai peran penting untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa. Bagaimana guru berbicara dan bertingkah laku dapat mempengaruhi kemampuan siswa untuk menguasai materi yang diberikan. Penelitian ini fokus pada penggunaan manajemen tempat duduk dan peran guru dalam pengajaran bahasa inggris untuk memotivasi berbicara siswa pada STKIP Kumala Lampung Metro. Data berasal dari mahasiswa - mahasiswi melibatkan penulis dan dosen bahasa inggris. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK/CAR). Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa mengatur tempat duduk siswa dengan tepat dan peran guru dalam mengajar dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa inggris. Keberhasilan penggunaan manajemen tempat duduk dapat dilihat dari respon positif siswa dan partisipasi aktif siswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran berbicara. Kata kunci: Berbicara, Manajemen tempat duduk, Peran guru, Bahasa Inggris
THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF SCOPE AMBIGUITY

The goal of the present study was to investigate th e initial interpretation of sentences such as “Every kid climbed a tree” in ord er to further our understanding of how such scope ambiguities are pro cessed in real-time. Specifically, the interpretation of such sentences wa disambiguated with the use of continuation sentences that began with either a plural noun phrase (NP), as in “The trees were in the park” or a singular NP “The tree was in the park”. In this way, each continuation sentence corresponded to a d ifferent scope possibility, where the plural marking was consistent with a surf ace scope reading and the singular marking corresponded to the inverse scope reading. This design was built upon the first published stu dy to investigate scope ambiguity using behavioural measures by Kurtzman & MacDonald (1993). That work sought to investigate a number of different fa ctors that might affect the interpretation of sentences exhibiting scope ambigu ity, and as such included 4 experiments. Experiment 1 investigated precisely t he quantifiers of interest, namely “every” and “a”. Participants read sentenc es in their entirety containing quantifier noun phrases (NPs) such as ”Every kid climbed a tree ” which were then followed by another possible sentence, either “The trees were full of apples” or “The tree was full of apples”. These sentences were also presented as a whole. At the end of either continuation sent ence, participants were asked to judge whether it formed a good continuation of t he first (ambiguous) context sentence or not. In addition, the experiment inclu ded unambiguous control context sentences such as “ Every kid climbed a different tree. The trees were . ” and “Every kid climbed the same tree. The tree was. ” One of the many findings of that seminal work was that, overall, pa rticipants preferred a plural continuation for ambiguous sentences of the form “ Every kid climbed a tree” (77% of the time; the corresponding plural and singu lar continuations that followed the unambiguous control contexts were judg ed at rates of approximately 85% each (see also Kemtes & Kemper, 1 999). We decided to further investigate interpretation a t the syntax-semantics interface by building on the findings of Kurtzman a d MacDonald (1993) regarding scope ambiguity. Whereas their results r egarding the preferred interpretation are clear, (and expected on theoreti cal grounds, see Dwivedi, 1996) we note that conscious judgments were measure d at the end of the continuation sentences. Although such judgments ar e useful as a guiding measure to understanding the processing of such sen tences, this method has two drawbacks—first, it calls upon a meta-linguistic as sessment of the stimuli and as such is not reflective of unconscious processing, w hich is arguably our goal in understanding language processing. Second, these j udgments were taken only
Harnessing Entropy via Predictive Analytics to Optimize Outcomes in the Pedagogical System: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Bayesian Networks Approach

Educational stakeholders would be better informed if they could use their students’ formative assessments results and personal background attributes to predict the conditions for achieving favorable learning outcomes, and conversely, to gain awareness of the “at-risk” signals to prevent unfavorable or worst-case scenarios from happening. It remains, however, quite challenging to simulate predictive counterfactual scenarios and their outcomes, especially if the sample size is small, or if a baseline control group is unavailable. To overcome these constraints, the current paper proffers a Bayesian Networks approach to visualize the dynamics of the spread of “energy” within a pedagogical system, so that educational stakeholders, rather than computer scientists, can also harness entropy to work for them. The paper uses descriptive analytics to investigate “what has already happened? ” in the collected data, followed by predictive analytics with controllable parameters to simulate outcomes of “what-if? ” scenarios in the experimental Bayesian Network computational model to visualize how effects spread when interventions are applied. The conceptual framework and analytical procedures in this paper could be implemented using Bayesian Networks software, so that educational researchers and stakeholders would be able to use their own schools’ data and produce findings to inform and advance their practice.
DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity, taxonomic conflicts and novel biogeographical insights in Cystoseira s.l. (Phaeophyceae)

ABSTRACT Cystoseira sensu lato (s.l.) – encompassing the genera Cystoseira sensu stricto (s.s.), Ericaria and Gongolaria – is a diverse group of forest-forming brown macroalgae endemic to the warm-temperate North-east Atlantic. These algae have immense biogeographic and ecological significance and have been experiencing recent regional declines. Most Cystoseira s.l. display important morphological plasticity and can be confused with similar species. Therefore, species boundaries, geographic ranges and phylogenetic affinities remain imprecise for most. In the face of persistent taxonomic difficulties, several authors underlined the necessity for new molecular-based approaches, but studies so far lacked representativity, resolution and standardization. To fill in these gaps, in this study we sequenced a comprehensive collection of Cystoseira s.l. spanning its entire North-east Atlantic range for a ~1200 bp cox1 barcode, and sequenced selected individuals representing major genetic entities for a few additional plastid markers. Phylogeographic, phylogenetic and species delimitation methods revealed 27 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, including unaccounted cryptic diversity, and elucidated with unprecedented resolution species compositions and phylogenetic relationships within each genus. Some entities within the lineages Cystoseira compressa/humilis, Ericaria brachycarpa/crinita, E. selaginoides and tophulose Gongolaria, as well as among free-living algae, conflicted with a priori taxonomic assignments, and required the redefinition, reinstatement and recognition of new taxa. For some, diagnostic mutations and biogeography were more useful for species identifications than morphological characters or conventional barcoding gaps. A few species showed narrow geographic ranges and others were the sole representatives of their respective lineages. Several sister-species showed Atlantic vs Mediterranean complementary ranges. Phylogenetic signal of cox1 was nevertheless insufficient to confidently determine patterns of lineage splitting in several lineages and species complexes and did not improve significantly with additional plastid markers. We discuss novel systematics and biogeography insights considering the advantages and shortcomings of the barcoding approach employed, and how this comprehensive baseline study can be expanded to address multiple questions still left unanswered. HIGHLIGHTS Identification of major genetic entities of Cystoseira s.s. , Ericaria and Gongolaria. A comprehensive reference cox1 barcode library for Cystoseira s.l. Updated systematics and biogeography of Cystoseira s.l.
Amazon deforestation drives malaria transmission, and malaria burden reduces forest clearing

Significance Widespread human impacts on the environment are expected to harm human health, which may in turn alter our interactions with the environment. However, evidence for impacts of environmental changes on health, and for feedbacks between environmental change and health, remains locally specific and context dependent. Using a large, geospatial dataset encompassing the Brazilian Amazon rainforest across 13 y, we identify strong evidence for a feedback between deforestation and malaria: Deforestation significantly increases malaria transmission, while high malaria burden simultaneously reduces forest clearing. Our results put into broader context the contradictory effects of deforestation on malaria found in earlier studies and provide evidence useful to land use policy and public health interventions that provide win–win solutions for conservation and health. Deforestation and land use change are among the most pressing anthropogenic environmental impacts. In Brazil, a resurgence of malaria in recent decades paralleled rapid deforestation and settlement in the Amazon basin, yet evidence of a deforestation-driven increase in malaria remains equivocal. We hypothesize an underlying cause of this ambiguity is that deforestation and malaria influence each other in bidirectional causal relationships—deforestation increases malaria through ecological mechanisms and malaria reduces deforestation through socioeconomic mechanisms—and that the strength of these relationships depends on the stage of land use transformation. We test these hypotheses with a large geospatial dataset encompassing 795 municipalities across 13 y (2003 to 2015) and show deforestation has a strong positive effect on malaria incidence. Our results suggest a 10% increase in deforestation leads to a 3.3% increase in malaria incidence (∼9,980 additional cases associated with 1,567 additional km2 lost in 2008, the study midpoint, Amazon-wide). The effect is larger in the interior and absent in outer Amazonian states where little forest remains. However, this strong effect is only detectable after controlling for a feedback of malaria burden on forest loss, whereby increased malaria burden significantly reduces forest clearing, possibly mediated by human behavior or economic development. We estimate a 1% increase in malaria incidence results in a 1.4% decrease in forest area cleared (∼219 fewer km2 cleared associated with 3,024 additional cases in 2008). This bidirectional socioecological feedback between deforestation and malaria, which attenuates as land use intensifies, illustrates the intimate ties between environmental change and human health.
Medical professionals' oral health knowledge, att itudes & related practices performed for high caries-risk children

The past few decades have witnessed an increased focus on the importance of oral health on the social, psychological and developmental well-being of children. Although effective and advanced dental prevention measures and treatment options are increasingly available, dental decay remains one of the most common chronic childhood diseases in the United States and around the world. (Passel, 2002) Recently, the World Health Organization Assembly called attention to the significant burden oral disease has maintained in all countries around the world. In response to this issue there has been renewed focus on combating access to oral health care issues. (WHO, 2010) One approach that has been suggested is the utilization of non-dental health professionals in assessing oral health, performing basic preventive steps and referral of highcaries risk children for further care. These non-dental professionals are often in a better position to evaluate children at an early age, are more likely to see poor children early and to provide care for them on a continuing basis when compared to dentists. (Lewis, 2004) However, several barriers have been mentioned in the literature that prevent or deter these non-dental health professionals from taking on a more active role in this access to care issue. Of which, has been a reported lack in oral care education and training for medical care professionals. Additionally, collectively few studies have specifically identified the importance of different suggested influencing factors. (Mouradian, 2005) In our present paper, we reported on three main studies that were conducted in an effort to better understand these barriers. In our first study a 22-item survey was mailed to all licensed pediatricians in the state of Iowa. The main research questions revolved around what factors influence the ability and willingness of Iowa pediatricians' to assess and refer high caries-risk children. In our second and third studies we targeted Saudi medical interns with an electronic educational intervention program over the course of a month. Both a preand post-
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, From Active Surveillance to Advanced Therapy: Toward a Personalized Medicine

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and represents the most rapidly increasing cancer diagnosis worldwide. In the last 20 years, this increase has been mostly due to a higher detection of small papillary thyroid cancers, with doubtful effects on patients' outcome. In fact, despite this growth, cancer-related death remained stable over the years. The growing detection of microcarcinomas associated to the indolent behavior of these cancers led to the development of strategies of active surveillance in selected centers of different countries. Moreover, toward a more personalized approach in the management of DTC patients, surgical treatments became more conservative, favoring less extensive options in patients at low risk of recurrence. The rise in lobectomy in low-risk cases and the need to avoid further therapies, with controversial impact on recurrences and cancer-related death in selected intermediate risk cases, led to reconsider the use of radioiodine treatment, too. Since clinicians aim to treat different patients with different modalities, the cornerstone of DTC follow-up (i.e., thyroglobulin, thyroglobulin autoantibodies, and neck ultrasound) should be interpreted consistently with this change of paradigm. The introduction of novel molecular target therapies (i.e., tyrosine kinase inhibitors), as well as a better understanding of the mechanisms of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, is radically changing the management of patients with advanced DTC, in whom no treatment option was available. The aim of this review is to analyze the most recent developments of the management of DTC, focusing on several key issues: active surveillance strategies, initial treatment, dynamic risk re-stratification, and therapeutic options in advanced DTC.
Association Between Job-Stress and VDT Work, and Musculoskeletal Symptoms of Neck and Shoulder Among White-Collar Workers

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the association of job stress and working with video display terminal (VDT) to musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck-shoulder which were most common in white-collar workers. Methods: From 122 workplaces, 1,790 white-collar workers with no trauma, and no history of musculoskeletal disease were selected for the study. The questionnaire survey included general characteristics, work related characteristics, Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) and musculoskeletal symptoms. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, smoking status, drinking habit, housekeeping, work time, job tenure, and work-load change, were used to evaluate the effects of job stress and VDT-work on the symptoms. Results: The prevalence of neck-shoulder symptoms was overall 24.3% overall. The prevalence odds ratio of job demand (high/low) to neck-shoulder symptoms, adjusted for general and work-related factors, was 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.12~2.17), and that of job strain (high strain/low strain) was 1.72 (1.07~2.79). However, VDT-work was not associated with neck-shoulder symptoms in the multiple logistic regression model. Conclusions: To prevent musculoskeletal disorders in white-collar workers, it is important to consider psychosocial factors such as job demand and job strain, as well as VDT-work.
Pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs in severely ill patients

Continued efforts are required to improve the currently daunting perspective of patients with invasive fungal infections. Even with the introduction of new antifungal agents morbidity and mortality of invasive fungal infections have remained high and the numbers of patients at risk for invasive fungal infections are increasing. The current antifungal treatment can be improved by expanding the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of antifungal agents in specific patient populations and to provide reliable therapeutic drug monitoring services. The exposure to anidulafungin was investigated in intensive care patients. Anidulafungin exposure was low in our critically ill patients. Concerns about a low anidulafungin exposure seemed unnecessary because of the good susceptibility of the isolated strains for anidulafungin. Since obtaining a full concentration-time curve to determine the exposure is not always feasible or appropriate a limited sampling strategy was developed. Anidulafungin exposure can be adequately estimated with the concentration from a single sample. Although routine therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole appears to be beneficial no data are available on the implementation of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in daily practice. Even though voriconazole concentrations were measured in most patients we concluded that the performance of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring can still be improved to overcome problems encountered. To be able to explain more of the observed variability in voriconazole concentrations, we investigated whether inflammation might influence voriconazole trough concentrations. Inflammation is associated with voriconazole trough concentrations. This knowledge can be helpful in therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole to maintain concentrations in the therapeutic window.
ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN CARDIOVASCULAR PRECISION MEDICINE : A POSITION PAPER ON BEHALF OF THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY OF CARDIOLOGY.

Endothelial cells (EC) are sentinels of cardiovascular health. Their function is reduced by the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, and is regained once pathological stimuli are removed. In this European Society for Cardiology Position Paper we describe endothelial dysfunction as a spectrum of phenotypic states and advocate further studies to determine the role of EC subtypes in cardiovascular disease. We conclude that there is no single ideal method for measurement of endothelial function. Techniques to measure coronary epicardial and microvascular function are well established but they are invasive, time-consuming and expensive. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial arteries provides a non-invasive alternative but is technically challenging and requires extensive training and standardization. We therefore propose that a consensus methodology for FMD is universally adopted to minimize technical variation between studies, and that reference FMD values are established for different populations of healthy individuals and patient groups. Newer techniques to measure endothelial function that are relatively easy to perform, such as finger plethysmography and the retinal flicker test, have the potential for increased clinical use provided a consensus is achieved on the measurement protocol used. We recommend further clinical studies to establish reference values for these techniques and to assess their ability to improve cardiovascular risk stratification. We advocate future studies to determine whether integration of endothelial function measurements with patient-specific epigenetic data and other biomarkers can enhance the stratification of patients for differential diagnosis, disease progression and responses to therapy.