Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geological and frictional aspects of very‐low‐frequency earthquakes in an accretionary prism

Very‐low‐frequency earthquakes (VLFE) occur within accretionary prisms and near subduction plate boundaries at slip rates of 0.05–2 mm/s. However, the geological and frictional aspects of VLFE remain poorly understood. The thrusts in the Shimanto accretionary complex exhumed from source depths of VLFE are composed of quartz‐rich fault rocks with or without clay foliations. We examined the frictional velocity dependence of thrust materials. At slip rates of 0.0028–0.28 mm/s, the powder sample from non‐foliated fault rock shows velocity‐weakening behavior, while that from foliated fault rock exhibits velocity‐strengthening behavior. Both samples show velocity‐strengthening behavior at slip rates of 0.28–2.8 mm/s. Microstructural analysis reveals that the velocity‐weakening sample shows a shear localization, while the velocity‐strengthening sample is marked by clay foliations oblique and parallel to shear zone boundaries. Our results imply that frictional instability generates along quartz‐rich fault rock but slip becomes stable at higher slip rates, regardless of mineral composition. This is favorable for the occurrence of VLFE in subduction zones.
The semi-automated classification of acoustic imagery for characterizing coral reef ecosystems

Coral reef habitat maps describe the spatial distribution and abundance of tropical marine resources, making them essential for ecosystem-based approaches to planning and management. Typically, these habitat maps have been created from optical and acoustic remotely sensed imagery using manual, pixel- and object-based classification methods. However, past studies have shown that none of these classification methods alone are optimal for characterizing coral reef habitats for multiple management applications because the maps they produce (1) are not synoptic, (2) are time consuming to develop, (3) have low thematic resolutions (i.e. number of classes), or (4) have low overall thematic accuracies. To address these deficiencies, a novel, semi-automated object- and pixel-based technique was applied to multibeam echo sounder imagery to determine its utility for characterizing coral reef ecosystems. This study is not a direct comparison of these different methods but rather, a first attempt at applying a new classification technique to acoustic imagery. This technique used a combination of principal components analysis, edge-based segmentation, and Quick, Unbiased, and Efficient Statistical Trees (QUEST) to successfully partition the acoustic imagery into 35 distinct combinations of (1) major and (2) detailed geomorphological structure, (3) major and (4) detailed biological cover, and (5) live coral cover types. Thematic accuracies for these classes (corrected for proportional bias) were as follows: (1) 95.7%, (2) 88.7%, (3) 95.0%, (4) 74.0%, and (5) 88.3%, respectively. Approximately half of the habitat polygons were manually edited (hence the name ‘semi-automated’) due to a combination of mis-classifications by QUEST and noise in the acoustic data. While this method did not generate a map that was entirely reproducible, it does show promise for increasing the amount of automation with which thematically accurate benthic habitat maps can be generated from acoustic imagery.
Effect of pressure, temperature, and composition on lattice parameters and density of (Fe,Mg)SiO3‐perovskites to 30 GPa

High-pressure, high-temperature properties of MgSiO3, (Fe0.1Mg0.9)SiO3, and (Fe0.2Mg0.8)SiO3 perovskites have been investigated using a newly developed X ray diffraction technique involving monochromatic synchrotron radiation. The first direct measurements of unit cell distortions and equation-of-state parameters of the orthorhombic perovskite as functions of composition and simultaneous high pressure and high temperature were obtained. The experiments were conducted under hydrostatic pressure up to 30 GPa, into the stability field of the perovskite. The results demonstrate that the perovskite is elastically anisotropic, with the lattice parameter b being 25% less compressible than a and c. Under increasing pressures the orthorhombic perovskite is distorted further away from the ideal cubic structure in agreement with theoretical predictions. The 298-K isothermal equations of state of the three perovskites are indistinguishable within the uncertainty limits of the experiment. The zero-pressure bulk modulus KT0 = 261 (±4) GPa with its pressure derivative KT0′ = 4 is close to that determined in previous static high pressure measurements. The thermal expansion obtained from the high P - T experiments are consistent with previous measurements carried out at zero pressure but shows a strong volume dependence. The temperature derivative of the isothermal bulk modulus at constant pressure (∂KT/∂T)p is −6.3(±0.5)×10−2 GPa/K. Analyses of the high-temperature data give a value for the Anderson-Gruneisen parameter δT of 6.5–7.5, which is significantly higher than that used in recent lower mantle models.
Modeling reference evapotranspiration over complex terrains from minimum climatological data

This work presents methods where monthly based climate data are used to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET0). The objective was to evaluate two monthly ET0 models (Hargreaves‐Samani, HS; Droogers‐Allen HS, DAHS) and compare the results with an improved model (reference evapotranspiration model for complex terrains, REMCT). HS and DAHS are both based on the monthly temperature range (ΔT), while REMCT replaces ΔT with a monthly adjusted function (reference minimum air temperature). The test area was peninsular‐insular Italy, where 13 stations with sufficient data to calculate FAO‐56 Penman‐Monteith ET0 were available. The three models were evaluated against FAO‐56 over a validation data set of six stations, using a multiple‐statistics indicator: 0 (best) ≤ IET ≤ 1 (worst). The REMCT estimates generally compared well with the FAO‐56 estimates (mean IET = 0.029 against 0.187 and 0.255 with HS and DAHS, respectively). The three models performed similarly at low‐altitude sites. REMCT was superior at sites higher than 500 m above sea level, where the ET0 − ΔT relationship was distorted (e.g., by an asymmetric lapse rate between maximum and minimum air temperatures).
Time and space constraints on the evolution of medium-rate spreading centers

Geologic field relationships observed in the axial valley of the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge suggest that high-effusion-rate sheet-flow volcanism has been active for a maximum of about 16,000 yr. Similar observations in the axial region of the East Pacific Rise near lat 21° N suggest that the duration of the pillow-flow-dominant phase may be 5 × 10 4 yr. Geochemical evidence from axial and off-axis basalt samples from both the Juan de Fuca Ridge and East Pacific Rise 21° N indicates that surficial geologic cycles of volcanism, tectonism, and hydrothermal activity are an expression of changes in the locus of replenishment within the magma chamber that take place with a periodicity of 10 4 −10 5+ yr. Anomalously high rates of spreading due to magmatic replenishment and inflation during the first phases of a volcanic cycle may cause the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge to display a morphology more commonly associated with fast-rate spreading centers.
The Determinants of Reproductive Change in Bangladesh: Success in a Challenging Environment

Demographic trends have taken many surprising forms over the last 30 years, but none have aroused such surprise, even incredulity, as recent events in Bangladesh. Although this country remains one of the poorest and least developed of all nations, there is mounting evidence of a steep decline in fertility. Fertility transition in such settings as China, Indonesia, and south India has already demonstrated that high material living standards are not a necessary precondition for a fall in birth rates. Yet in these cases alternative explanations were readily available; high levels of adult literacy in south India, for instance, and the prior creation of powerful nonfamilial welfare institutions in China. Bangladesh, in contrast, appears to possess no features that are conducive to fertility decline, except for a strong, persistent government commitment to reducing population growth. The aim of this volume are threefold. First, it documents with maximum precision the timing, magnitude, and nature of fertility change. Having established the demographic facts, the second aim is to assess alternative explanations. Of necessity, the explanatory net has to be widely cast because there are so many possible influences on human reproduction; nor is it desirable to cling to any specific theoretical position. The volume proceeds to review social and economic changes and their possible links to reduced demand or need for children. It focuses on shifts to consideration of the role of the family planning program in reducing fertility. Thirdly, its aim is to spell out the implications of the analysis for future population policy and programs.
Impact of dome projection on operative steps during clipping of a ruptured pure posteriorly directed posterior communicating artery aneurysms

Background: Ruptured posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms are common; they usually present with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and oculomotor nerve palsy. The aneurysmal dome projection may influence the safety access and aneurysmal neck clipping. Here, we discuss additional intraoperative steps that may be required to widen the surgical field to ensure safe surgical clipping of a rupture pure posteriorly directed PCoA aneurysm. Case description: A previously healthy 38-year-old male reported sudden severe headache and disturbed level of consciousness with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of 13. His initial computed tomography (CT) scan of the head showed SAH in the basal cistern. 3D-constructed CT angiography (CTA) revealed a left pure posteriorly directed PCoA aneurysm. In the surgery, through the left pterional approach, all intraoperative steps were carried out. Additional steps were performed as well. Three additional intraoperative steps were contemplated because a pure posteriorly directed PCoA aneurysm is not well appreciated and is often hidden behind the supra cliniold internal carotid artery (ICA). First, the extension of Sylvian fissure dissection to include the distal part and the proximal. Second, temporal pole mobilization is performed by cutting small anterior temporal veins. Third, a brain retractor is placed on the temporal lobe to gently tract the superficial part of the lobe. All these steps widened the surgical corridor to ensure the aneurysm's safe clipping. Conclusion: Surgical clipping is influenced by the aneurysmal dome projection. In a ruptured pure posteriorly directed PCoA aneurysm, further intraoperative steps may facilitate complete access and safe clipping of the aneurysm.
Role of extent of resection on the survival of glioblastoma multiforme

Background. Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of brain cancer. The effect of Extent of Resection (EOR) on GBM survival is controversial. EOR degree, pre- and postoperative tumour volume estimation, and significance to residual tumour volume are still challenged. GBM has a 14-month Overall Survival (OS) rate. There is no evidence of a link between EOR and OS survival. We wish to determine whether GBM tumour removal increases survival. Methods. At the Regional Center for Neurosurgery and Neurology in Uzhhorod, Ukraine, we conducted a retrospective evaluation of 86 consecutive patients diagnosed with glioblastoma who underwent surgery between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, and who are being followed until January 1, 2022. Patients were selected if they met the following criteria: they were at least 18 years old, they had a diagnosis of glioblastoma (primary, secondary, or recurrent), they were either IDH mutants or wild types, they had an MRI within 2 weeks before surgery, and they had another MRI within 72 hours after surgery. Before and after surgery, we did a volumetric analysis of gadolinium-enhanced T1 MRI scans of the tumour to figure out EOR. Partial resection (PR) is <70%, sub-total resection (STR) is 70-90%, near-total resection (NTR) is 91-99%, and gross total resection (GTR) is >99%. By comparing pre- and post-operative volumes with the EOR, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox's regression analysis determined the impact of the EOR on survival rates. Many researchers considered a p value of 0.05 or below to be significant. Results. A total of 86 patients were included in the analysis after being subjected to the criteria used to narrow the pool of potential participants. The average length of time people lived was 15 months. For PR patients, the median survival time was 3 months, for STR patients it was 10 months, and for NTR patients it was 16 months. Patients receiving GTR, on the other hand, had a considerably better outcome, with a median survival time of 36 months. This data demonstrate a direct correlation between EOR and survival rates. It was discovered that EOR improvement affected post-op survival. High EOR patients have a better prognosis for survival. Adjuvant therapy, pre- and post-operative KPS score, pre- and post-operative tumour volume, and gender also contributed significantly to enhanced survival. Conclusion. Patients with glioblastoma appear to benefit from a more aggressive treatment strategy that combines maximal safe resection with the use of salvage adjuvant therapy. There was a correlation between complete resection (gross total resection) of intracranial GBM and improved survival. Whenever feasible, complete surgical removal of the tumour is recommended.
Vision-based multiple vehicle detection and tracking at nighttime

In this paper, we develop a robust vision-based approach for real-time traffic data collection at nighttime. The proposed algorithm detects and tracks vehicles through detection and location of vehicle headlights. First, we extract headlights candidates by an adaptive image segmentation algorithm. Then we group headlights candidates that belong to the same vehicle by spatial clustering and generate vehicle hypotheses by rule-based reasoning. The potential vehicles are then tracked over frames by region search and pattern analysis methods. The spatial and temporal continuity extracted from tracking process is used to confirm vehicle's presence. To handle problem of occlusions, we apply Kalman Filter to motion estimation. We test the algorithm on the video clips of nighttime traffic under different conditions. The experimental results show that real-time vehicle counting and tacking for multi-lanes are achieved and the total detection rate is above 96%.
Concept of planetary thermal balance and global warming

[1] The concept of Earth's thermal balance is used to suggest that solar energy absorbed by a planet is equal to the heat radiated from that planet. Such an approach substantially simplifies estimating the anthropogenic warming of the planet. We compare the solar irradiance with the current heat production caused by burning different kinds of fuel. We show that anthropogenic heating is able to cause global warming of 1°C in a century.
Efficiency of energy harvesting out of colored Lévy fluctuations by a harmonic oscillator with piezoelectric transducer

The efficiency of a linear kinetic energy harvester by piezoelectric transduction —when driven by colored α-stable Lévy noise— is the focus of this study. Analytical results are obtained for the harvested power (in the adiabatic approximation and for very large load circuit's time constant τ p ), which are accurately validated by numerical simulations. In addition, an analytical expression is obtained for the characteristic time the system takes to reach a stationary regime; this information is crucial to calculate averaged quantities through simulations, given the large dispersion between realizations due to the infinite variance of the Lévy noise.
Virtual Reality in education: supporting new learning experiences by developing self-confidence of Postgraduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) student-teachers

ABSTRACT Emerging evidence has demonstrated that Virtual Reality (VR) supported lessons are able to enhance positive emotions and engagement as well as more memorable experiences, when compared to more traditional instructional tools such as readings from textbooks and videos. However, teachers’ self-efficacy while teaching with VR technologies, VR safety in the classroom, the need for technical support and costs have been identified as potential obstacles for Pre-Service Teachers (PSTs) who are interested in the effective use of VR in the classroom. This study aims to explore how we may begin to address these obstacles by integrating VR supported lessons in Initial Teacher Education (ITE) courses. The originality of this study lies in the implementation of a short intervention in an already crowded Post graduate Diploma in Education (PGDE) curriculum and in analysing the impact on PSTs’ self-confidence as a factor to initiate sustainable development. Participants were 198 PGDE Primary School student-teachers, who attended two-hour VRsupported sessions a week apart in February 2020. Findings suggest that engagement with VR lessons have encouraged participanting PSTs to explore this technology for their future practice across different subjects, impacting positively on their self-confidence.
Critical Electrospinning Parameters for Synthesis Control of Stabilized Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are widely used as precursors in the manufacture of high-conducting and mechanically resistant carbon fibers. The modulation of such fibers is carried out through electrospinning. In this work, we show the production and control of the morphology of nanometric-range PAN fibers for their potential use as precursors for high-electrical-conductivity carbon fibers. PAN samples dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) were prepared at 6, 10, and 12% w/w, at 15 and 25 kV. The impact of the rotation of the collector drum at 100, 300, and 500 RPM was also studied. It was found that the percentage of PAN in the solution proportionally affects the diameter of the fibers and that the preparation potential affects the morphology. The rotation speed, when increased, decreases the diameter, and it has a negative impact on the morphology. Fibers prepared with 6% w/w at 15 kV and 500 RPM show 90 nm diameters, the smallest diameter of all the samples.
Stress and fluid transfer in a fault zone due to overpressures in the seismogenic crust

Stress and fluid transfers were analyzed on the surface of a 30 m thick dextral strike‐slip fault zone subjected to an overpressure of 63 kPa. Pressure‐strain measurements taken during the pressurization indicated a strain state primarily controlled by the hydromechanical behavior of permeable fractures, and then, by the fluid diffusion in the matrix. Using THM modeling, we simulated an extension of these hydromechanical effects to a 25 km depth in the seismogenic crust, applying a lithostatic pressure at the base of the fault. The simulations indicate that a significant strain in the damage zone greater than that in the protolith, along with the differences in hydraulic diffusivity between the damage zone and protolith, may induce high static stress and fluid accumulations in the core. Under this stress, this core is projected to exhibit deformity—as much as a 12 m shear slip distributed over a 175 m long active zone.
Connexins in Cancer, the Possible Role of Connexin46 as a Cancer Stem Cell-Determining Protein

Cancer is a widespread and incurable disease caused by genetic mutations, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastasis. Connexins (Cx) are transmembrane proteins that facilitate intercellular communication via hemichannels and gap junction channels. Among them, Cx46 is found mostly in the eye lens. However, in pathological conditions, Cx46 has been observed in various types of cancers, such as glioblastoma, melanoma, and breast cancer. It has been demonstrated that elevated Cx46 levels in breast cancer contribute to cellular resistance to hypoxia, and it is an enhancer of cancer aggressiveness supporting a pro-tumoral role. Accordingly, Cx46 is associated with an increase in cancer stem cell phenotype. These cells display radio- and chemoresistance, high proliferative abilities, self-renewal, and differentiation capacities. This review aims to consolidate the knowledge of the relationship between Cx46, its role in forming hemichannels and gap junctions, and its connection with cancer and cancer stem cells.
Analisis Peran Sektor Pertanian dan Sektor Industri terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Melalui Pertumbuhan Ekonomi PDRB di Provinsi Banten

The role of the agricultural and industrial sectors on community welfare through the economic growth of GRDP in Banten Province. This study intends to examine the state of economic growth in Banten Province, analyzing the role of the agricultural sector and the industrial sector on economic growth and community welfare. This data was obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Banten Province in 2001-2021. The analysis method used is path analysis using SPSS for Windows version 16. The results showed that the direct role of the agricultural sector, the industrial sector and the economic organization of GRDP played an insignificant role in the welfare of the people of Banten Province, while the indirect role of the industrial sector had a positive and significant effect on the economic growth of GRDP in Banten Province.
The Role of Deep Learning in Pharma: Revolutionizing Drug Discovery and Development.

- In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has witnessed a transformative shift in the way drugs are discovered and developed, thanks to the advent of deep learning. This paper explores the profound impact of deep learning techniques on various stages of drug discovery and development, from target identification and lead optimization to clinical trials and personalized medicine. Deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has demonstrated exceptional capabilities in handling complex biological data, including genomics, proteomics, and chemical informatics. It enables the integration of vast and diverse datasets, facilitating the identification of potential drug targets with unprecedented accuracy. Moreover, deep learning models can predict the binding affinity of drug candidates to specific target proteins, expediting the lead optimization process and reducing the need for costly experimental iterations. Deep learning algorithms enhance patient stratification and biomarker discovery, ultimately leading to more successful trials with higher patient response rates. Additionally, the ability to analyze real-world patient data aids in the identification of adverse events and the development of safer drugs. Perrsonalized medicine is another area greatly influenced by deep learning, as it allows for tailoring treatments to individual patients based on their unique genetic and clinical profiles. This promises to revolutionize patient care, optimizing therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects. Despite the remarkable advancements facilitated by deep learning, there are challenges to address, such as data privacy, interpretability of models, and regulatory considerations. This paper discusses these challenges and potential solutions. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool in the pharmaceutical industry, driving innovation, efficiency, and precision in drug discovery and development. Its integration into the drug development pipeline holds the promise of accelerating the delivery of safer and more effective therapies to patients worldwide, marking a significant milestone in the evolution of pharmaceutical science.