Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Complexity Spatial Covariance Matrix Reconstruction Algorithm in 2D Hybrid Massive MIMO Systems

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been used in fifth generation (5G) cellular communications. Hybrid analog-to-digital structures offer significant advantages for millimeter-wave communication, such as the reduction in the number of radio frequency (RF) chains. In this structure, the signal at each antenna is not directly received by the digital receiver. Consequently, the spatial covariance matrix, which is an integral part of the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, is unavailable. In previous studies, the beam sweeping algorithm (BSA) has been found effective for reconstructing the spatial covariance matrix and realizing DOA estimation. However, it has been proven to be computationally intractable. To address this problem and improve the DOA estimation performance, a high-efficiency BSA algorithm aimed at two-dimensional DOA estimation (2D HeBSA) is proposed. The real-valued spatial covariance matrix can be reconstructed by adjusting weights connected to antennas via low-dimensional matrix multiplication. Therefore, super-resolution DOA estimation can be performed using multiple signal classification (MUSIC). Finally, simulations are performed to evaluate our algorithm. According to simulation results, the estimation performance of the proposed algorithm can achieve a better DOA estimation result compared with that of BSA at a considerably lower computational cost.
Autism and education—The role of Europeanisation in
 South‐Eastern
 Europe: Policy mapping in Bulgaria, Romania and Croatia

South-Eastern Europe only recently was required to adapt their domestic law to adhere to European Union legislations and standards. As such, it forms an excellent case study on how and to what extent the ‘Europeanisation’ process is interacting with the development of special education needs (SEN) policy, particularly focusing on autistic children. This scoping review mapped autism and special education policies of Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia and investigated how Europeanisation interacted with autism and educational policy through a path dependence analysis. Our research shows that education for children with special needs started with segregation during communist time. EU accession since then has influenced disability policies and contributed to establishing inclusive education for all students. One particular Romanian policy resulted in children with special needs not having to compete with typical children for school submission. Ultimately, the majority of policies addressed special education needs in general. Only
The low-density limit of the Lorentz gas: periodic, aperiodic and random

The Lorentz gas is one of the simplest, most widely used models to study the transport properties of rarified gases in matter. It describes the dynamics of a cloud of non-interacting point particles in an infinite array of fixed spherical scatterers. More than one hundred years after its concep- tion, it is still a major challenge to understand the nature of the kinetic transport equation that governs the macroscopic particle dynamics in the limit of low scatterer density (the Boltzmann-Grad limit). Lorentz suggested that this equation should be the linear Boltzmann equation. This was confirmed in three celebrated papers by Gallavotti, Spohn, and Boldrighini, Bunimovich and Sinai, under the assumption that the distribution of scatterers is suciently disordered. In the case of strongly corre- lated scatterer configurations (such as crystals or quasicrystals), we now understand why the linear Boltzmann equation fails and what to substitute it with. A particularly striking feature of the periodic Lorentz gas is a heavy tail for the distribution of free path lengths, with a diverging second moment, and superdi↵usive transport in the limit of large times.
Intelligent Evaluation Method of Pressure Relief Gas Drainage in Goaf Based on IoT Perception

The pressure relief gas drainage in goaf is the main control method of mine gas. This paper has been designed to study how to analyze and study the gas drainage of goaf pressure relief based on the perception layer of the Internet of Things. The intelligent evaluation of pressure relief gas drainage in goaf is described. This paper has raised the problem of gas extraction, which is based on the Internet of Things, so it has elaborated on the data-level fusion-related algorithms for sensing coal mine safety, and the case design and analysis of the prediction model and intelligent evaluation have been carried out. Aiming at the problem of intelligent grading of gas drainage evaluation in goaf, data preprocessing is performed on the drainage metering data. Using a deep learning evaluation method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), an intelligent evaluation model is constructed for gas extraction. Compared with the classification model of the shallow neural network, the CNN classification model is more suitable for gas intelligence evaluation and has higher accuracy due to the good learning ability and accuracy of the deep neural network. When the learning rate is 0.1 and the batch is 256, the prediction effect of the CNN pressure relief gas intelligent classification model is the best, which can effectively provide classification results.
Adaptive Beamforming Based on Linear Array Antenna for 2.3 GHz 5G Communication using LMS Algorithm

In this paper, the results of the adaptive beam- forming with beam pattern synthesis on a linear array antenna applied to 5G communication with operating frequency is 2.3 GHz, specifically at 2.330 GHz using the Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm are presented. What is meant by adaptive beamforming here is the form of the result of beam pattern synthesis, capable of adapting by directing the main beam towards the desired channel (we call Signal of Interest or SOI), and at the same time suppressing as low as possible of interference channel (we call Signal of Not Interest or SNOI) directions. The comparison between the signal levels of SOI and SNOI from the synthesis of the pattern, will produce a parameter that represents the performance of the system, and is called the Signal of Interference Ratio (SIR). Simulations were carried out to evaluate the performance of the system on the effect of the number of element arrays, with SOI directions varying from 0°, 20°, 40°, and 50° with SNOI=60°, with a convergence constant value of the LMS algorithm 0.001, and a minimum threshold value of 40 dB SIR. From the simulation results, it is concluded, if the angle difference between SOI and SNOI is relatively far (60°, 40° and 20°), then the adaptive beamforming successfully places these signals in the predetermined SOI and SNOI directions, with relatively high SIR, at above the threshold value of 40 dB. The smaller the difference between SOI and SNOI anther angles, the smaller the resulting SIR value. When the angle between SOI and SNOI is 10°, the adaptive beamforming formation does not succeed in placing the signal at the specified angle, and the SIR threshold value is smaller than the 40 dB threshold value.
Proposing a Method to Measure NIBP Parameters Using PPG Signal and Analyzing the Morphology of Oscillometric

The demand for monitoring non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) parameters in health facilities for medical examination and treatment, specifically self-monitoring at home is significantly increasing. The measurement methods are based on many different techniques. However, the accuracy and stability of the measurement results from these techniques are still controversial. In this study, we proposed a novel method to measure the two most important parameters in NIBP measurement by combining two techniques: observing the Photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal to determine the Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and analyzing the changes of the morphology of oscillometric pulses to determine the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). The results were attained from 30 volunteers by using the proposed model and two commercial NIBP devices from iChoice and Omron for comparison. The measuring results of the proposed model have shown a good correlation and high stability of SBP, DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure) and MAP measurements compared to the current techniques, expressed by the correlation of determination R2, the mean difference of proposed model to each commercial device, NIBPP – NIBPiC, NIBPP – NIBPO, and the mean (SD) between measurement results of volunteers.
Peripheral Nerve Block for Pain Management after Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study with Propensity Score Matching

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a peripheral nerve block (PNB) on immediate postoperative analgesia and the early functional outcomes for patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). From January 2016 to August 2021, 353 patients who underwent THA were divided into two groups: the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) group (n = 217) who received only intravenous (IV) analgesia, and others who received IV PCA and PNB (PCA + PNB group) (n = 136). After propensity score matching for age and sex, 136 patients from each group were included in the study. Primary outcomes were the visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest, activity status at postoperative 6, 24, 48 h. Secondary outcomes were functional scores by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index, Harris Hip Score (HHS) and rescue medications used. The postoperative VAS at 6, 24, 48 h at rest and 6 h at activity were significantly lower in the PCA + PNB group (p = 0.000, 0.001, 0.000, 0.004 in order). There was no significant difference for postoperative 3-month HHS (p = 0.218), except for 3-month WOMAC index (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences for VAS between the PNB methods except femoral nerve block (FNB) and fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) at postoperative activity 48 h (p = 0.028). There was no significant difference in the total count and amount of rescue medication (p = 0.091, 0.069) and difference in the quadriceps weakness was not noted. Therefore, PNB is beneficial for patients who undergo THA as it provides sufficient postoperative analgesia, especially during immediate postoperative resting pain without quadriceps weakness.
A Novel Nonsense Variant in GRM1 Causes Autosomal Recessive Spinocerebellar Ataxia 13 in a Consanguineous Pakistani Family

Background and objectives: Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-13 (SCAR13) is an ultra-rare disorder characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia, cognitive deficiencies, and skeletal and oculomotor abnormalities. The objective of this case report is to expand the clinical and molecular spectrum of SCAR13. Methods: We investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family with four patients partially presenting with clinical features of SCAR13 using whole exome sequencing. Segregation analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing in all the available individuals of the family. Results: Patients presented with quadrupedal gait, delayed developmental milestones, non-progressive peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel pathogenic nonsense homozygous variant, Gly240*, in the gene GRM1 as a cause of SCAR13 that segregates with the recessive disease. Discussion: We report a novel homozygous nonsense variant in the GRM1 gene in four Pakistani patients presenting with clinical features that partially overlap with the already reported phenotype of SCAR13. In addition, the family presented quadrupedal gait and non-progressive symptoms, manifestations which have not been recognized previously. So far, only four variants in GRM1 have been reported, in families of Roma, Iranian, and Tunisian origins. The current study adds to the mutation spectrum of GRM1 and provides a rare presentation of SCAR13, the first from the Pakistani population.
Vertical Gromov-Witten invariants of flag bundles

Let G be a complex semi-simple connected Lie group and P its parabolic subgroup. Then the maximal torus T of G acts on the homogeneous space G/P and this action can be naturally lifted to the moduli space (stack) of the stable maps Mg,n(G/P, β), where β is an element in H2(G/P,Z). In this paper, we investigate the T -equivariant Gromov-Witten invariants of G/P and vertical invariants of flag bundles. We mainly consider the invariants of genus zero. We will discuss on higher genus invariants briefly in Section 6. We will work only over the ground field C throughout this paper.
Search for the electron electric dipole moment

Extensions to the Standard Model (SM) typically include new heavy particles and new mechanisms for CP violation. These underlying phenomena can give rise to electric dipole moments of the electron and other particles. Tabletop‐scale experiments used to search for these effects are described. Present experiments are already sensitive to new physics at the TeV scale, and new methods could extend this range dramatically. Such experiments could be among the first to show evidence for physics beyond the SM.
Ultrasonic Guided Wave Damage Localization in Hole-Structural Bearing Crossbeam Based on Improved RAPID Algorithm

The hole-structural bearing crossbeam plays an important role in high-speed trains. In the service process, however, the long-term fatigue load may lead to structural damage such as cracks, resulting in performance degradation and failure. Ultrasonic guided wave (GW) technology is one of the most effective damage localization methods in structural health monitoring (SHM), with a high damage sensitivity and wide monitoring range. To address the damage localization in bearing crossbeams, a modified reconstruction algorithm for probabilistic inspection of damage (RAPID) based on the corrected probability distribution function is proposed. First, the valid sensor paths affected by damage are obtained using damage index (DI) based on correlation analysis. Then, the positional relationships between valid paths and damage are classified based on the time of flight (TOF). Finally, the damage diagnostic image and localization are obtained by fusion imaging using the corresponding probability distribution functions and shape factors, depending on different types of the path. The effectiveness was verified by numerical simulation and experiment. By taking the crossbeam of the high-speed train as the research object, through the static simulation of the crossbeam stress distribution under load, the damaged hot-spots area is obtained, and the sensor network is designed. And then, the SHM experimental system is constructed to perform damage localization experiments. The localization absolute error was less than 8 mm. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively locate the damage position in the crossbeam and has better accuracy and reliability than the traditional RAPID algorithm.
Metacognition, Mind Wandering, and Cognitive Flexibility: Understanding Creativity

The goal of this article is to review work on mind wandering, metacognition and creativity in order to consider their relationship with cognitive flexibility. I introduce a model of the role that mind wandering and metacognition have in the generation and exploration of novel ideas and products in the creative process. I argue that managing the interaction between metacognition and mind wandering is the main role of cognitive flexibility in creativity. Furthermore, I claim that balancing the influence of metacognition during the generation and exploration of pre-inventive structures is a quintessential part of creativity, probably in almost any domain. Thus, I advance a general framework that can be applied to understanding how creators monitor and think about their own cognition when they engage in the generation and exploration of ideas. Additionally, I discuss the evolution of controlled and spontaneous cognition and metacognitive judgements during the development of a creative person.
“Security Gap” as a metric for enterprise business processes

Security is becoming an indispensable factor for the well‐being of an enterprise. Enterprises are making huge investments to fulfill the demand for security. A big challenge faced by an enterprise while securing itself is to find the gap between the demand for security and the actual security status. Finding out a consistent metric for measuring this gap can enable security administrators to utilize the allocated funds more appropriately. Popular control gap analysis methods practiced in enterprises are mostly subjective in nature and results in imprecise measurements. To address this issue, a novel security metric “Security Gap” is introduced in this paper. This metric finds out the business process‐level insecurity from the security requirements and the estimated security. The methodology uses business process modeling, attack graph modeling, and relevant base metrics to compute Security Gap.
A review of cuspidal serial and parallel manipulators

Cuspidal robots can move from one inverse or direct kinematic solution to another without ever passing through a singularity. These robots have remained unknown because almost all industrial robots do not have this feature. However, in fact, industrial robots are the exceptions. Some robots appeared recently in the industrial market can be shown to be cuspidal but, surprisingly, almost nobody knows it and robot users meet difficulties in planning trajectories with these robots. This paper proposes a review on the fundamental and application aspects of cuspidal robots. It addresses the important issues raised by these robots for the design and planning of trajectories. The identification of all cuspidal robots is still an open issue. This paper recalls in details the case of serial robots with three joints but it also addresses robots with more complex architectures such as 6-revolute-jointed robot and parallel robots. We hope that this paper will help disseminate more widely knowledge on cuspidal robots.
Electrode Engineering in Memristors Development for Non-/Erasable Storage, Random Number Generator, and Synaptic Applications

We report the process development of ZnO-based memristors and observe various switching phenomena by means of electrode engineering, such as digital-to-analogue transformation, irregular and uniform endurance, and non-erasable switching; we also discuss the potential applications for each of these switching phenomena. The use of inert electrodes induces a high injection of electrons into the switching layer triggering abrupt current changes and, in some cases, resulting in a device breakdown. Meanwhile, a low work function and oxidizable electrode encourage Ohmic contact at the oxide/electrode junction and exhibit gradual switching characteristics. This work addresses the importance of electrode configuration to achieve the desired switching behaviour for specific low-powered electronic applications.
Structural Characterization and Evaluation of Interfacial Properties of Pea Protein Isolate–EGCG Molecular Complexes

Highlights Pea protein isolate (PPI) and EGCG spontaneously formed complexes. Protein–polyphenol complexation was mainly driven by hydrogen bonding. The binding of EGCG influenced the structure and functionality of PPI. PPI-EGCG complexes had better emulsifier properties than PPI. Abstract There is increasing interest in using plant-derived proteins in foods and beverages for environmental, health, and ethical reasons. However, the inherent physicochemical properties and functional performance of many plant proteins limit their widespread application. Here, we prepared pea protein isolate (PPI) dispersions using a combined pH-shift/heat treatment method, and then, prepared PPI-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) complexes under neutral conditions. Spectroscopy, calorimetry, molecular docking, and light scattering analysis demonstrated that the molecular complexes formed spontaneously. This was primarily ascribed to hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The complexation of EGCG caused changes in the secondary structure of PPI, including the reduction in the α-helix and increase in the β-sheet and disordered regions. These changes slightly decreased the thermal stability of the protein. With the accretion of EGCG, the hydrophilicity of the complexes increased significantly, which improved the functional attributes of the protein. Optimization of the PPI-to-EGCG ratio led to the complexes having better foaming and emulsifying properties than the protein alone. This study could broaden the utilization of pea proteins as functional ingredients in foods. Moreover, protein–polyphenol complexes can be used as multifunctional ingredients, such as antioxidants or nutraceutical emulsifiers.
Variation in wood anatomical properties among different age groups of Acacia auriculiformis

Acacia auriculiformis grown as plantation in Sirsi, Karnataka, India has been evaluated for anatomical properties and basic density of wood in eight, ten and thirteen year old trees. Among different anatomical properties studied vessel element length, fibre length, fibre lumen diameter and percentage of vessel and rays showed significant differences in all the three age groups. Basic density was negatively correlated with fibre lumen diameter for all the age groups. Additionally significant correlations, both positive and negative were found between certain anatomical properties, ratios and factors. Basic density was negatively correlated with flexibility co-efficient and F%/ V% and positively correlated with shape factor that are useful for predicting the paper and pulp quality. Anatomical data suggest its usefulness in paper and pulp industry.
An Integrated Single-Stage Single-Switch Topology With Reduced Nonlinear Components for LED

This article presents an integrated single-stage single-switch (4S) ac–dc system for LED delivering a high input power factor (IPF) and regulated output. The proposed topology integrates a power factor correction (PFC) converter with a high-frequency dc–dc converter, driven by a modified front-end single-phase Vienna rectifier. The integration results in a single switch prototype, thus decreasing the cost and complexity of the control circuit. The use of fewer diodes in the front-end rectifier reduces the nonlinearity in the proposed topology. First-stage filter capacitors offer a better input dynamics to the PFC stage. The proposed (4S) prototype offers less component counts and minimal input current harmonics. The theoretical and mathematical analysis of the proposed topology is presented. Finally, the proposed (4S) ac–dc system analysis and simulation results have been verified with a 50 W/60 V prototype depicting an IPF of 0.997, total harmonic distortion (THD) of 3.96%, and an efficiency of 90.8%. The presented experimental results coincided with the analysis and comply with IEC61000-3-2 standards.
RSSignal: um Arcabouço para Evolução de Técnicas de Geração de Chaves Baseadas em RSSI

O crescente número de dispositivos conectados à Internet das coisas e a já conhecida fragilidade dos meios de comunicação sem fio demandam por soluções de segurança robustas para mitigar ataques maliciosos nestas redes. Com foco na reprodutibilidade de pesquisas, este artigo apresenta o RSSignal: um arcabouço para geração e validação de chaves a partir do indicador de sinal RSSI. A implementação atual do arcabouço compreende a geração de chaves criptográficas simétricas para redes LoRaWAN a partir de conjuntos de dados reais, e a posterior validação dessas através da suíte de testes NIST 800-22. O RSSignal está disponível como software livre para que pesquisadores possam reproduzir os experimentos e propor melhorias ao processo.