Peyzaj bağlantılılığının saptanması ve değerlendirilmesi: Malatya kenti ve yakın çevresi örneği

Baglantililik, artan nufus ve bunun sonucunda artan insan faaliyetleri sonucunda bozulan ekolojik dengenin yeniden saglanmasi icin kullanilan araclardan biridir. Tez calismasinda peyzaj baglantililigi kavrami mekânsal olcumler ve gostergeler kapsaminda ele alinmistir. Tezin amaci Malatya ilinde tez calismasi kapsaminda belirlenen ekolojik sinir icerisinde Nazim Imar Planlarina altlik olusturacak sekilde peyzaj baglantililigini nicel yontemler ile ortaya koymak ve peyzaj koruma, kullanim ile yonetim hedefleri kapsaminda degerlendirmektir. Bu amacla potansiyel baglantililik guzergâhlarini saptayabilmek icin dogal alanlardaki mekânsal olcumlerden parcalilik, dogallik ve cesitlilik olcumleri yapilmistir. Bunun yani sira yeralti suyu beslenimini destekleyen alanlarin saptanmasi icin gecirimlilik analizi (toprak, jeolojik gecirimlilik ve akarsu yogunlugu birlikte degerlendirilerek) ve onemli yasam alanlarini belirleyebilmek icin gosterge tur (Ursus arctos L. - boz ayi, Lutra lutra L. – avrupra su samuru, Lepus europaeus P. - bayagi tavsan) habitat analizi gerceklestirilmistir. Gerceklestirilen tum analizler, hassas peyzajlarin belirlenebilmesi icin analitik ag sureciyle degerlendirilmistir. Analitik ag sureci sonucunda, analizi gerceklestirilen her bir gosterge icin elde edilen oncelik degeri ortmeler yonteminde agirlik degerleri olarak kullanilmis ve boylece hassas alanlar belirlenmistir. Dogal alanlar arasindaki baglantililik ArcGIS arayuzu olan Linkage Mapper yazilimi ile belirlenmistir. Belirlenen guzergâhlar iklim goz onune alinarak degerlendirilmis guzergâhlarin genislikleri tanimlanmis ve akarsu koridorlari ile birlikte ele alinarak calisma alaninda potansiyel baglantililik guzergâhlari ortaya konulmustur. Belirlenen guzergâhlar peyzaj planlama ve tasarim ilkeleri kapsaminda degerlendirilmistir. Tez calismasiyla ortaya konulan baglantilililik modeli ile mevcut modellerden (hassas alanlarin belirlenmesi ve akarsu koridorlarinin goz onune alinmasi) farkldir. Model kapsaminda ele alinan parametrelerin ele alinis ve degerlendirilis bicimleri, modeli sadece yerel anlamda degil evrensel anlamda da uygulanabilir kilmaktadir.AbstractConnectivity is one of the tools that is used for reinstating the ecological balance that is disrupted due to increased population and consequently increased human activities. The landscape connectivity concept is tackled under the scope of spatial measurements and indicators in the thesis. The objective of the thesis is to demonstrate the landscape connectivity in quantative methods that will create a basis for the master structural plan within the ecological limits identified in Malatya province within the scope of the thesis study and assess them in terms of landscape protection, use and management targets. For that purpose, fragmentation, naturality and diversity measurements were carried out to identify the potential connectivity routes. In addition to that, permeability analysis (by assessing soil, geological permeability and river density altogether) was performed to detect the areas that support the underground water recharge and indicator species (Ursus arctos L.-brown bear, Lutra lutra L.- european otter, Lepus europaeus P-european hare) habitat analysis was conducted to determine crucial habitats. All the analyses performed are assessed with the analytic network process to identify sensitive landscapes. As a result of the analytic network process, the priority value is used as the weight value in the map overlay method for each indicator analysed and thus the sensitive areas are identified. Connectivity among natural areas is set with Linkage Mapper software that has an ArcGIS interface. Width of the identified routes is defined, routes are assessed by taking climate into consideration and potential connectivity routes are revealed in the study area by considering river corridors as well. Identified routes are assessed within the scope of landscape planning and design principles. The connectivity model is a different model than the existing ones (as it identifies sensitive areas and considers river corridors). The way the parameters are handled and assessed within the model makes them applicable not only in the local sense but also in the universal context.