Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determining the efficiency of cleaning a milk line made from different materials from contaminants

While moving along the milk-conducting systems in a milking machine, milk is in contact with the inner surface whose area exceeds 20 m2. That leads to the formation of protein-fat biofilms of contamination, which are a nutrient medium for the development of microorganisms. With insufficiently effective cleaning of these contaminants, in the periods between milking, the number of microflorae located in milk-conducting systems increases by tens of thousands of times. When cleaned with ineffective cleaning agents, mineral elements from milk are adsorbed on the surface of a protein-fat bio-film, which are subsequently compacted, changed, and converted into milk stone. In this case, the technical implementation of milk conducting systems is of critical importance. It has been established that a milk line made from any material is better cleaned with a hot washing solution than a cold one. Thus, with an increase in the temperature of a washing solution from 60 °C to 85 °C, the cleaning time of the milk line is reduced from 9.5 minutes to 1.5 minutes, or by 6 times. It was established that during the washing phase of a milk line there is a significant decrease in the temperature of the washing solution (≈30 %), which reduces the effectiveness of cleaning the parts of the system. Therefore, there is a need to maintain the solution temperature throughout the entire cleaning process. It is proved that the specific energy of adhesion of pollution in water is 2 times higher than that in a washing solution. With an increase in the temperature of the solution for every 10 °C, the decrease in the specific energy of pollution adhesion is on average 13 %. With an increase in the period after the end of milking before washing the milk line, the specific energy of its purification increases. The study reported here could lead improve the productivity of milking machines and the quality of the resulting product. That involves designing milking and dairy equipment from innovative materials.
The Incidence and Predictors of Poor Glycemic Control among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Ambulatory Clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, South Western, Ethiopia: A Prospective Cross Sectional Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus refers to a grouping of metabolic diseases involving prolonged hyperglycemia caused by the inadequate secretion of insulin, poor insulin action, or a combination of the two. Poor glycaemic control is a major public health problem among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: To expose the incidence and predictors of poor glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in ambulatory clinic of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: An institutional based prospective cross-sectional survey was carried out from April 23/2020 to June 24/2021. Data was collected through employing structured questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0 version statistical software. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency and percentage were used. Those variables with p-value less than 0.25 in bi-variable analysis were entered into multivariable analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 122 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The overall incidence of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients was 60.7%. Poor glycemic control was significantly associated with older age (AOR = 2.98, 95%CI: 1.089-2.023; P = 0.034),uneducated patients (AOR = 5.075, 95% CI: 1.957-3.649; p = 0.009), Glibenclamide + metformin drug regimen (AOR = 3.95, 95%CI: 1.429-3.750; p = 0.018), Low adherence (AOR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.764-4.928; p = 0.002), cigarette smokers social habit (AOR = 1.49, 95%CI: 2.034-3.864; p = 0.008), patents who had comorbidities (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.9675.497; p = 0.028), and patients who had nephropathic complication of diabetes (AOR = 6.45, 95%CI: 3.071-17.632; p = 0.005) were the significantly associated predictors of poor glycemic control. Conclusion and recommendation: Our study investigated the prevalence of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients was high. About half of the patients were on anti-diabetic medication for between one to four years and slightly less than half of oral hypoglycemic agents were most prescribed drug regimen. Health care workers should have to advice the patients about life style modification and on how they take their medication.
Signaling and success in campaigns of Latin-American crowdfunding

Funding opportunities for entrepreneurships in Latin America are few, commonly being limited to the use of traditional platforms such as public and private banking, or even informal forms of recollecting recourses, none of this particularly fitted to support early stage entrepreneurship. Because of this, new collection mechanisms have emerged, such as reward-based crowdfunding. However, this mechanism presents large percentages of failure and diminished growth rates compared to other regions. This empirical research aims to contribute to the understanding of the factors that make a successful campaign from the perspective of signaling theory. Based on the information collected from 21 804 Latin American campaigns, extracted from eight different countries, and from the Catarse, Kickstarter and Idea.me platforms, the results indicate that the use of social networks, number of rewards, multimedia material such as images, videos and gifs, as well as efforts of communication with clients during or after the funding phase, have a positive influence in the success of a campaign. Furthermore, all of these are seldom used by the majority of the evaluated campaigns, independent of their country of origin or the nature of the campaign itself. The lessened growth of crowdfunding on the region is understood, and it is partly affected due to the inherent quality of the projects, where there is a lot of room for improvements to be made.
‘You Need to Know Someone Who Knows Someone’: International Students’ Job Search ExperiencesI

The article analyzes how 31 international students (IS) entered the Finnish labor market as they graduated from Finnish universities. Despite a growing interest in international student migration (ISM), there are few studies that analyze the firsthand experiences of IS as they seek to enter the receiving-country labor markets as they graduate. This article contributes to the topic by showing how the interviewees of this study managed to enter the receiving-country labor markets, which are embedded in national, cultural, and institutional contexts that require context-bound knowledge of particular recruitment patterns. The contribution of the article lies in (1) providing new insights on an understudied topic: IS’ experiences of finding jobs in the country of graduation, and, in (2) constructing a theoretical framework for analyzing IS’ job search in the countries of graduation. More broadly, the article contributes to the studies on highly educated migrants’ labor market integration by shedding light on the experiences in a Nordic setting.
Data-driven calibration of physics-informed models of joint building/equipment dynamics using Bayesian optimization

Physics-informed simulation models of heating, ventilation, and cooling (HVAC) systems play a critical role in predicting system dynamics and enabling analysis, control, and optimization of buildings and equipment. The predictive performance of these simulation models are strongly linked to calibration mechanisms: algorithms that systematically select parameter values that optimize a given calibration-cost map (e.g., L-2 error). Poorly selected parameter values typically result in large deviations between measured building data and simulated data, limiting the utility of the simulation model in subsequent design. State-of-the-art calibration methods explore the parameter space by computing numerical gradients that are susceptible to measurement noise or employing population-based search mechanisms that require exorbitant data. To improve robustness and curtail data requirements, one can ‘learn’ or approximate the calibration-cost map and subsequently leverage the topology of the approximated function to ﬁnd good search directions despite noisy measurements. Concretely, we employ machine learning to construct a calibration-cost map to direct model calibration for systems with joint dynamics of buildings and HVAC equipment. The learner explores subregions of the parameter space with high uncertainty and queries the model only where collecting simulation data yields useful information. This leads to lower simulation data-requirements compared to widely used calibration mechanisms.
OP-MOLB150002 1072..1079

Ultraconserved elements, unusually long regions of perfect sequence identity, are found in genes encoding numerous RNA-binding proteins including arginine-serine rich (SR) splicing factors. Expression of these genes is regulated via alternative splicing of the ultraconserved regions to yield mRNAs that are degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a process termed unproductive splicing (Lareau et al. 2007; Ni et al. 2007). As all human SR genes are affected by alternative splicing and NMD, one might expect this regulation to have originated in an early SR gene and persisted as duplications expanded the SR family. But in fact, unproductive splicing of most human SR genes arose independently (Lareau et al. 2007). This paradox led us to investigate the origin and proliferation of unproductive splicing in SR genes. We demonstrate that unproductive splicing of the splicing factor SRSF5 (SRp40) is conserved among all animals and even observed in fungi; this is a rare example of alternative splicing conserved between kingdoms, yet its effect is to trigger mRNA degradation. As the gene duplicated, the ancient unproductive splicing was lost in paralogs, and distinct unproductive splicing evolved rapidly and repeatedly to take its place. SR genes have consistently employed unproductive splicing, and while it is exceptionally conserved in some of these genes, turnover in specific events among paralogs shows flexible means to the same regulatory end.
Blue Led Light in Burns: A New Treatment’s Modality

signal transducers of numerous cellular pathways in tissue repair; an increased production of ROS induces a controlled increase of inflammatory functions sufficient for stimulating tissue response [5-7]. Although the mechanism underlying photobiomodulation is still not completely understood, it has accumulated evidences of a positive action on all phases of wound repair, from inflammation to remodeling.
Use of the Frailty Tools Fi Mds and Fi Rockwood to Predict Outcomes of Inpatient Rehabilitation after Proximal Hip Fracture

Background: Among factors which affect the outcome of rehabilitation after hip fracture, the role of pre-fracture frailty has not been defined. Objective To assess the impact of frailty on rehabilitation outcome in elderly persons with proximal hip fracture. Setting Geriatric rehabilitation center. Design Retrospective observational study. Subjects Forty consecutive patients with proximal hip fracture. Methods The following parameters were calculated: FI-MDS frailty index, Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale (FI Rockwood), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) on discharge, absolute functional gain (ΔFIM), length of stay (LOS), and FIM gain per day (ΔFIM/LOS). FIM discharge ≥90 and motor FIM discharge >58 indicated success in rehabilitation. Results There were 31 women and 9 men, mean age 80 years. The mean pre-fracture FI MDS was 10 points (SD 5.8) out of 58 possible, the mean FI Rockwood score was 3 (SD 1.7) out of 7 possible. The mean admission FIM was 76.6 (SD 16), the mean discharge FIM was 92.7 (SD 19.3), mean LOS 22.5 days (SD 9.7), mean ΔFIM/LOS 0.8 (SD 0.6). Pre-fracture frailty was associated with worse outcome of rehabilitation: FI MDS predicted discharge FIM ≥90 with OR 0.86, p 0.012; FI Rockwood predicted discharge FIM ≥90 with OR 0.68, p 0.027; FI MDS predicted discharge motor FIM >58 with OR 0.91, p 0.07; FI Rockwood predicted discharge motor FIM >58 with OR 0.71, p 0.027. Conclusions Though pre-fracture frailty correlated with FIM on discharge, neither frailty tool was specific enough to predict success in rehabilitation and the necessary length of rehabilitation. Translating frailty scores in tools adequate for clinical decision making remains an aim for future studies.
Gelatin Coated Albumin Nano Particles Bearing Acyclovir for Effective Management of Visceral Leishminiasis by Targeting Liver Kupffer Cells

To make drug comfortable for administration to patients it is converted to dosage form by mixing with recipients, additives. Nano particles are one of the novel colloidal drug delivery systems that hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled drug delivery as well as site-specific delivery. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop gelatin coated albumin nano particles of acyclovir for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis with a view to see the targeting of nano particles at the required site for action and helps to provide sustain release and thus reduces the dose frequency and increase the patient compliance. Pre formulation testing is the first step in the rationale development of dosage form o a drug . The method was able to produce the free flowing nano particles. Bovine serum albumin is a biodegradable polymer for preparing targeted nano particle. FTIR studies were carried out, revealed that there was no interaction between the selected drug and polymer. The particle size analysis revealed that the particle size was found to be in the size range of 200-800 nm ,that comes under nano range. The zeta potential of nano particle was found to be -59.3, having good stability. The maximum entrapment efficiency was found to be 86.78±0.5 % for the formulation F3. The entrapment efficiency increases with increasing polymer concentration but upto a certain ratio. The maximum percentage yield was found to be 51.13±0.53% for formulation F4, where the concentration of albumin is highest while nano particles yield is lowest in F1 19.10±0.79. as the concentration of albumin is lowest. In vitro release shown as, cumulative release of drug was determined up to 8 hrs for formulationF1, F2,F3,F4 was 62.48± 0.38,51.67± 0.55,48.34± 0.29,34.98± 0.32 respectively. The receptor ligand binding is 95.89 %. And it was confirmed by checking the amount of drug release from formulation is 3.89% while prior it was 48.34%, so the remaining drug was bind with receptor cells.
STUDY OF ION IMPLANTATION INTO GAN SUBTRATE AND THIN FILM BY METAL ORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE (MOCVD)

In this theoretical and experimental research paper, the study of ion implantation into GaN is studied. The GaN structure is studied and the GaN thin film is made on sapphire (silicon carbide) substrate through metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) process. The ion implantation technique is also studied well in this paper, the damages, dislocations and defects produced due to ion implantation, the microstructure analysis of GaN crystal is discussed and application of ion implantation is also given here.
The individuality of shape asymmetries of the human cerebral cortex

Asymmetries of the cerebral cortex are found across diverse phyla and occur at multiple spatial scales, from the global morphology of the two hemispheres to fine-grained sulcal and gyral anatomy. Cortical asymmetries are particularly pronounced in humans and have important implications for brain function and disease. However, most studies conflate asymmetries in regional size and shape and only consider effects at fairly fine-grained resolutions, such as image voxels or a priori regions-of-interest. As such, whether asymmetries are preferentially expressed at specific spatial resolutions over others remains unclear. Here, we apply a spectral shape analysis to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from three independent samples to derive a multiscale description of asymmetries in cortical shape that is distinct from regional size-related descriptors such as volume or thickness. We show that our proposed shape asymmetry signature (SAS) is a highly individualized feature, akin to a cortical fingerprint, that more accurately identifies individuals than size-based descriptors or measures of inter-regional functional coupling of brain activity. Notably, individual identifiability is optimal at coarse spatial scales (~37 mm wavelength), and shape asymmetries at specific scales show differences between males and females but are unrelated to the handedness. We further demonstrate that while unihemispheric shape descriptors show significant heritability at coarse scales, the SAS are determined primarily by unique environmental effects across all scales considered. Our findings thus identify coarse-scale scale asymmetries of cortical shape as being highly unique to individuals, sexually dimorphic, and largely driven by stochastic environmental influences.
Assessing Young Gymnasts’ Dynamic Posture: A Comparison of Methods

Functional Movement Screen is an established method of assessing dynamic posture of athletes. Validity and reliability of FMS as a screening tool is debated and one of the foremost criticism is directed at its subjectivity. To the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous research using Kinovea to precisely assess FMS scores. 10 young competitive gymnasts (4 female and 6 male) were included in this study. The participants were scored by an experienced FMS assessor on site as per standard FMS protocol. Afterwards, the same participants were scored again using Kinovea to achieve more objective measurements. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test for FMS scores versus FMSKinovea scores identified FMS test no. 1 (Deep Squat) as significantly different. The median score of Deep Squat assessed on site was 2 (mean value: 2.1), while that same test, scored with Kinovea, had the median score of 1 (mean value: 1.2). Paired Pitman-Morgan test for equality of variances was used to test the dispersion of scores. None were shown to be statistically significant, however, overall FMS score was near significance threshold implying that there is a difference although our power of study was too low probably due to low sample size. We detected significant difference in the scores of Deep Squat test, which is not surprising since it is the most complicated test to asses due to a large number of variables the assessor must evaluate.
Exploiting the Potential of Bioactive Molecules Extracted by Ultrasounds from Avocado Peels—Food and Nutraceutical Applications

Natural bioactive compounds from food waste have fomented interest in food and pharmaceutical industries for the past decade. In this work, it purposed the recovery of bioactive avocado peel extract using an environmentally friendly technique: the ultrasound assisted extraction. The response surface methodology was applied in order to optimize the conditions of the extraction, ethanol-water mixtures and time. The optimized extracts (ethanol 38.46%, 44.06 min, and 50 °C) were chemically characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS and FTIR. Its antioxidant ability, as well as, its effect on cell metabolic activity of normal (L929) and cancer (Caco-2, A549 and HeLa) cell lines were assessed. Aqueous ethanol extracts presented a high content in bioactive compounds with high antioxidant potential. The most representative class of the phenolic compounds found in the avocado peel extract were phenolic acids, such as hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Another important chemical group detected were the flavonoids, such as flavanols, flavanonols, flavones, flavanones and chalcone, phenylethanoids and lignans. In terms of its influence on the metabolic activity of normal and cancer cell lines, the extract does not significantly affect normal cells. On the other hand, it can negatively affect cancer cells, particularly HeLa cells. These results clearly demonstrated that ultrasound is a sustainable extraction technique, resulting in extracts with low toxicity in normal cells and with potential application in food, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical sectors.
Imagining Data , Between Laplace ’ s Demon and the Rule of Succession

Laplace presented two models of prediction. One posits an imaginary demon with complete knowledge of the world and the laws of nature. The other was the rule of succession, which has the modest aim of putting a precise figure on justified inductive faith given limited observations and no background theoretical knowledge. Despite their non-causal, non-explanatory nature, modern computational prediction systems are often presented as approximations of Laplace’s omniscient demon, rather than the rule of succession. One approach to justice in algorithmic prediction is to attempt to make it more like the former and less like the latter; from this perspective, better predictions – based on causal models – are fairer predictions. Causal models explain the actual world, with all its injustices, but justice is also partly about the ability to imagine things that are not in fact the case. While we clearly fall short of the total predictive capacity of Laplace’s demon, our human faculties of imagination give us access to an infinite variety of possible alternative worlds against which the actual world can be compared; this is the basis on which to assess the justice of algorithmic predictions. And to imagine such alternative possible worlds is not (or not only) an exercise in scientific conjecture; it is an inherently political act.
Influence of natural organic matter in the transport medium on fine particle transport

Although extensive research has been conducted to understand the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on fine particle transport, less attention has been paid to NOM in the transport medium (i.e., immobile rock and sediment grains). The objective of this study is to the roles of NOM in the transport medium in mediating particle transport. We conducted an experimental and modelling study on the transport of nanoscale titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) and illite colloid in columns packed with quartz sand under water-saturated conditions. Peat moss was used as an example NOM and packed in some of the columns to investigate its influence on particle transport. Experimental results showed that NOM may either increase or decrease particle transport depending on the specific conditions. NOM in the transport medium was found to attract particles and reduce particle mobility when the energy barrier between particle and NOM is low or non-existent. NOM also adsorbed to Fe and Al oxyhydroxides and promoted the transport of negatively-charged particles at low pH. Partial dissolution of NOM releases DOM, and the DOM adsorbs to and increases the transport of positively-charged particles. Additionally, NOM changes pore water pH, which influences particle mobility by affecting the interaction energy between the particle and transport medium. Modelling results showed that the deposition sites of peat moss are very heterogeneous, and the NOM from peat moss may reduce particle deposition rate by adsorbing to the particle and/or transport medium. Findings from this study demonstrates that NOM in the transport medium not only changes properties of the medium, but also may alter water chemistry. Therefore, the role of NOM in mediating particle transport is complicated and dependent on the properties of the particle, NOM, and mineralogical composition of the medium.