Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical interventions that influence the sensory attributes of red wines related to the phenolic composition of grapes: a review

Summary The phenolic composition of red wines is complex and intimately involved in colour, taste, mouth-feel and aroma. There have been significant advances in knowledge of compounds with relatively simple structures, but understanding of those with more complex and probably diverse structures is challenging. A number of phenolic compounds may form temporary complexes with anthocyanins and/or be involved in reactions that lead to relatively stable coloured compounds. A wide range of phenolic compounds is implicated in the oral sensory attributes of red wines. Of particular importance are flavan-3-ols, including proanthocyanidins (PAs). The generally observed decline in the extractability of PAs during berry ripening is due to binding with cell wall material, which may occur within the developing berry and also from tissues brought into contact during processing. Studies have shown that exposure/reduced vigour results in an increasing proportion of skin PAs being extractable during wine making. Temperature and light influence anthocyanin with temperature probably being more important and the most sensitive stage being 1–3 weeks after veraison. Skin PAs are extracted earlier than those from seeds during wine-making. Recent results suggest some rearrangement of skin and/or seed PAs occurs during vinification which involves the cleavage of large polymers or the aggregation of small ones. The polymeric material is particularly influential in wine astringency and is transformed by incorporation of anthocyanins into tannin-like compounds during wine-making and storage. Although some grape-derived phenolic compounds contribute to the aroma of red wines, likely of greater importance are the effects of nonvolatile phenolics on the volatility of a diverse range of aroma compounds. Advances in analytical techniques are likely to provide greater insights into the structures and conformations of phenolic polymers and the role of cell wall material in relation to phenolic extraction and reaction during vinification. In relation to aroma, much more research is required to reveal the details of the interactions involving phenolics with volatile compounds. It seems likely that the ability to influence the relative extraction and subsequent reaction of skin and seed phenolics is important in the production of full colour, aromatic and long-lived wines.
Colocating Teleophthalmology Within Primary Care Settings to Improve Access to Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: Retrospective Descriptive Evaluation

Background Annual retinal exams for patients with diabetes are critical as diabetic retinopathy is the number one cause of preventable blindness in working-age adults in the United States. Currently, most patients with diabetes in the United States receive a referral from their primary care provider to see an ophthalmologist for their annual dilated eye exam, which can be an added inconvenience and expense. As such, there is a need for alternative screening strategies within an outpatient network. The use of a telemedicine platform in a primary care setting serves as a novel strategy to increase diabetic retinopathy screening rates. In order to provide better access to diabetic retinopathy screening for our patients, cameras were placed in 3 primary care practices in October 2017 as part of an 8-month pilot program. Specialized cameras from Intelligent Retinal Imaging Systems (IRIS) were used to acquire images that could be interpreted remotely by ophthalmologists within the LifeBridge Health network for the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and the detection of other types of pathology (eg, macular edema). Objective The aim of this retrospective descriptive study was to examine whether a telemedicine platform can be used as a cost-effective way to increase diabetic retinopathy screening rates in the primary care setting. Methods Aggregate screening volume and diagnostic data were collected for each of the 3 practice locations for the 8-month pilot period (October 30, 2017, through June 30, 2018). Additionally, payor reimbursement data and equipment cost data were used to determine the payback period for each of the 3 practice locations. Results The pilot program proved the business case that implementation of the IRIS camera in 3 practice locations could result in enough patients being screened to pay for the cost of the camera within a maximum of 2 years. The 3 practices showed increased diabetic retinopathy screening rates of 1%, 6%, and 24%, respectively, and were all able to screen enough patients to be on track to pay off the cost of the camera within 2 years of implementation. Aggregate data from the pilot period showed that of the 1213 patients who were screened, approximately 17.1% (n=207) were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and an additional 17.7% (n=215) were suspected of having some other form of pathology. Of note, 10.1% (n=123) were also identified as being “IRIS saves,” defined as having pathology identified that was severe enough to be considered an imminent threat to their vision. Conclusions This retrospective descriptive study suggests that a telemedicine platform can be used to improve diabetic retinopathy screening rates in the primary care setting within a large health care system in a cost-effective way that allows for the cost of the equipment to be recouped through billing within a maximum of 2 years.
Interaction of Glycoproteins H/L from human α-herpesviruses with αvβ integrins

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) belong to the viral subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and are important neurotropic human pathogens. HSV and VZV fuse their envelope with the membrane of the host cell, a process termed cell entry, accomplished by a conserved trio of viral glycoproteins (gB, gH and gL). Host cell receptors mediate viral entry, i.e. nectin1 is recognized by the viral tropism factor gD in HSV, while the host receptor is still elusive in VZV. Integrins are widely distributed adhesion membrane proteins, and give critical contribution to the entry of most human Herpesviruses. αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrins are interchangeable receptors for HSV gH/gL, and they could synchronize fusion exerted by gB with the virion endocytosis they mediate. αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrins modify the glycoprotein machinery of HSV, but the modification they induce on gH/gL heterodimer was never investigated. The results presented here argue in favor of an integrin dependent mechanism which involves the conserved glycoprotein apparatus of HSV and seems to be essential to HSV entry. This mechanism, which also depends on the presence of gB and nectin1-bound gD, entails the dissociation of gL from gH/gL heterodimer, and its release in the media of culture cells upon binding of αvβ6 or αvβ8 integrins receptors. Recent findings disclose both the resemblance between HSV and VZV gH/gL heterodimer structures and the role of integrins of the alpha V family as receptors for VZV entry, a role probably shared with Myelin Associated Glycoprotein (MAG). However, while MAG function in fusion was associated with VZV gB, it was not clarified which glycoprotein(s) was(were) involved in integrin-mediated VZV entry. Data presented here argue in favor of integrin direct binding with a part of the conserved VZV entry machinery, while VZV fusion seems to be the result of more complex interactions.
Residential exposure to air pollution, access to neighborhood greenspace and their association with hair cortisol concentrations in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

Background: Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in studies worldwide, other studies have described beneficial effects of residential greenspace on pregnancy outcomes. The biological mechanisms that underlie these associations are incompletely understood. Recent studies have shown that a biological stress response, with release of cortisol, may underlie associations between air pollution and health effects. The available research on air pollution exposure in relation to biological stress during pregnancy is still scarce. Methods: We explored associations between residential exposure to air pollution, access to neighborhood greenspace and hair cortisol concentrations in a prospective pregnancy cohort study. We modelled participants’ residential air pollutant concentrations (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC)), assessed residential distance to a major road and access to a neighborhood greenspace. Hair cortisol concentrations, reflecting cortisol secretion over a period of 3 months prior to sampling, were determined at the end of the second (n = 133) and third pregnancy trimester (n = 81). Results: Three-month mean residential NO2 and BC concentrations were positively associated with third pregnancy trimester hair cortisol concentrations. The residential distance to a major road was negatively associated with second and third trimester hair cortisol concentrations. Access to a greenspace of 10 hectares or more within 800 meters travel distance significantly moderated the association between residential proximity to a major road and second trimester hair cortisol concentrations. At an average residential distance of 304 meters from a major road, mean second trimester HCC were estimated 22% lower for mothers with access to a neighborhood greenspace (3.71 (95% CI: 3.24, 4.24) pg/mg hair) compared to mothers without access (4.22 (95% CI: 3.26, 5.47) pg/mg hair). The moderation tended towards significance in the third trimester (p < 0.10). Conclusions: Increased residential exposure to air pollution and closer proximity to a major road are associated with an increased biological stress response in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, access to neighborhood greenspace may moderate the association. Trial registration: The IPANEMA study is registered under number NCT02592005 at clinicaltrials.gov.
Preparation of chitosan, sunflower and nano-iron based core shell and its use in dye removal

Many industries, such as textiles, chemical refineries, leather, plastics and paper, use different dyes in various process steps. At the same time, these industrial sectors are responsible for discharging contaminants that are harmful and toxic to humans and microorganisms by introducing synthetic dyes into wastewater. Of these dyes, methylene blue dye, which is classified as basic dyes, is accepted as a model dye. For this reason, methylene blue dye was selected in the study and its removal from the water was studied. In this study, two efficient biosorbents were developed from chitosan and sunflower waste, an agro-industrial waste and modified using iron nanoparticles. The biosorption efficiency was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from aqueous solution under various parameters such as treating agent, solution pH, biosorbent dosage, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature. We investigated the kinetic properties of dye removal from water for Chitosan-Sunflower (CS), Chitosan-Sunflower-Nanoiron (CSN). the wavelength scanned, the maximum absorbance was determined as 660 nm. For the core shell biosorbents we obtained, we found that the optimum time for removal of MB from wastewater was 60 min. The pH of the best pH was determined as 5 in the studied pH. The most suitable temperature for the experiment was determined as 30°C. SEM-EDAX, TEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques were used to characterize biosorbents produced and modified in the experimental stage and to monitor the change of biosorbent after dye removal. The interactions of the paint with the surface used for removal were explained by these techniques. It was calculated that 80% of CS and 88% of CSN removed MB in optimum conditions. Also, the absorption of MB dye onto the surface was investigated by Langmiur and Frendlinch isotherms and it was determined from the results that the removal was more compatible with Langmiur isotherm.
Incidence of AML1/ETO fusion transcripts in patients entered into the MRC AML trials

Summary. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with thet(8;21)(q22;q22) is deemed to be a ‘good-risk’ disease. 396patients with AML at diagnosis were screened for thepresence of t(8;21) and AML1/ETO fusion transcripts bycytogenetic and RT-PCR techniques respectively. 32 cases oft(8;21) were detected, all of which were also PCR positive.A further 19 cases were detected at the molecular level,predominantly but not exclusively in M1 and M2 FAB types.Approximately 12% of all new cases of AML are estimated tohave AML1/ETO fusion transcripts and it is suggested thatmolecular screening should be performed in all cases withthe possible exception of the M3 FAB type. Keywords: AML, t(8;21), AML1/ETO, prognosis.The chromosomal abnormality t(8;21)(q22;q22), which isclosely associated with the distinct subtype of AML M2, isone of the most frequently occurring translocations in denovo AML (Heim & Mitelman, 1995). It has now beenestablished from the results of several studies including theMRC AML 10 trial that karyotypic ﬁndings at diagnosis are apowerful prognostic indicator (Grimwade
An investigation into the heat transfer process in petroleum wells, and a comprehensive modeling study investigating the temperature distribution in production wells

When producing hot fluid from a reservoir, the production well experiences changing temperatures with depth for the different tubing, casing, cement and wellbore interfaces. To what extent the temperatures change is depending on many factors. The production flow rate, produced fluid specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity and viscosity of the annular fluids, the Joule-Thomson effect on the produced fluid, radius of the wellbore, annular clearance, and production time, are some of the parameters playing an important role in determining the heat transfer across the wellbore between the produced fluid and the formation. A wellbore heat transfer model for a single phase oil production scenario, based on the wellbore heat transfer model presented by Hasan, Kabir, and Wang (2009), has been implemented in the MATLAB ® software. The model considers a fairly complex wellbore configuration, consisting of five wellbore sections of different configuration, with the possibility of natural/free convection taking place in three brine filled annulus. Correlations taking temperature and/or pressure into consideration has been implemented for all thermophysical properties in the wellbore, such as thermal conductivity of tubing, casing, and cement, specific heat capacity, viscosity, thermal conductivity of annular fluids, and densities of produced and annular fluids, to mention some. The MATLAB program allows for custom well configurations, and is able to calculate the temperatures at all the wellbore, casings and tubing interfaces, and has the ability to use other fluid, casing/tubing, cement and formation properties than the ones used in this study.
The determination of data collection tools that can measure and document the cooperation of local health care providers in Hungary

Background The overall objective of the study is to improve the mental health of the age group below 18 years through the investigation of the intra-and inter-sectoral cooperation between local suppliers and to make the intensity and quality of collaborations measurable. In this paper, based on Hungarian and international literature, we aim at describing the current and future optimal cooperation between the members of the mental health care system and examine the possibilities for documenting and measuring cooperation. Methods Semi-structured interviews were recorded with the leaders or representatives of 12 public educational institutions, six social and six health institutions involvement of the relevant experts (N = 24) to explore data collection tools that can measure and document the cooperation of local health care providers. Results The function of the institutions belonging to these systems, as well as the daily work of the professionals working there, have a significant impact on the mental health of children in either positive or negative directions. After exploring the current situation, the cooperation of local suppliers and inter-institutional relations can highly improve the mental health of the youth. Conclusion According to the results, the developing progress can be more effective through organising the different forms of care, sectors and professionals together to achieve a common goal.
Germination and growth response of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to salinity stress by different salt types and concentrations

ABSTRACT This investigation was conducted to explore the effects of salt types with different concentrations on germination and growth parameters of flax seeds. The experiment was set out as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. We used six kinds of salts (NaCl, CaCl2, CaCO3, Na2SO4, Na2CO3 and KCl) with concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mM. According to the results, the inhibitory effects of the five salt types differed substantially, especially in the case of CaCO3, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4. Inhibitory effects of these salts were very strong compared to those of NaCl and CaCl2. Germination of flax seeds by various salts was in the order of NaCl > CaCl2 > KCl > Na2CO3 > Na2SO4 > CaCO3. The effect of salt concentration was obvious, too. Seeds of flax were able to germinate even in 200 mM NaCl, but they only germinated in distilled water or at very low CaCO3, Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 concentrations (50 mM).
Türki Cumhuriyetlerde Telafi ve Etkinlik Hipotezi Geçerliliğinin Sınanması

One of the indicators of integration into the global system, which is a reflection of liberalization trends, is the degree of trade openness. The effect of economic and political changes and increasing globalization efforts on public size through the public expenditure channel in the Turkic Republics (Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan), which became independent after 1991, is examined by the efficiency and compensation hypotheses in economic theory. The focus of the study is to test the validity of these hypotheses in these countries. Trade openness as an indicator of globalization and government expenditure as an indicator of public size were used. The analysis covers the period of 1997-2017. Empirical results have shown that the efficiency hypothesis is valid for Azerbaijan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, and the compensation hypothesis is valid for Kyrgyzstan.
Circadian Hygiene in the ICU Environment (CHIE) study

Objective: To investigate the environment and care in the intensive care unit (ICU) and its relationship to patient circadian temperature disruption. Design: 30-day, prospective period prevalence study. Setting: 27-bed tertiary ICU. Participants: Patients expected to remain in the ICU for at least 24 hours. Main outcome measures: Temperature, relative humidity, light and sound intensity in the ICU; nursing interventions (using the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28); and core body temperature of ICU patients. Results: Of 28 patients surveyed, 20 (71%) were mechanically ventilated. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) light intensity peaked at 07:00 at 165 (12–1218) lux with a trough at 23:00 of 15 (12–51) lux and was consistently < 100 lux between 21:00 and 06:00. Peak median (IQR) sound intensity was at 07:00 (62.55 [57.87–68.03] dB) while 58.84 (54.81–64.71) dB at 02:00. Ambient temperature and humidity varied with median (IQR) peaks of 23.11°C (22.74–23.31°C) at 16:00 and 44.07% (32.76–51.08%) at 11:00 and median troughs of 22.37°C (21.79–22.88°C) at 05:00 and 39.95% (31.53–47.95%) at 14:00, respectively. Disturbances to sleep during the night occurred due to care activities including linen changes (15 patients, 54%) and bathing (13, 46%). On the day before and the day of the study, 13 patients (47%) and 10 patients (36%), respectively, had a circadian rhythm on core body temperature without an association with illness severity, nursing intervention or environmental measures. Conclusions: The ICU has low light intensity with relative humidity and ambient temperature not aligned to normal human circadian timing. Noise levels are commonly equivalent to conversational speech while patient care procedures interrupt overnight sleep. The contribution of these factors to disrupted CBT rhythmicity is unclear.
Reversal of spontaneous magnetization and spontaneous exchange bias for Sm1−xYxCrO3: The effect of Y doping

We report the crystal and electronic structures and magnetic properties of non-magnetic Y3+ ion doped SmCrO3 crystals. Structural distortion and electronic structure variation are caused by cation disorder due to Y doping. Although the spin moment of Sm3+ is diluted by nonmagnetic Y ions, spin reorientation continues to exist, and the temperature-dependent magnetization reversal effect and the spontaneous exchange bias effect under zero field cooling are simultaneously induced below Neel temperature. Significantly, the method of doping promotes the achievement of temperature dependent tunable switching of magnetization and sign of a spontaneous exchange bias from positive to negative. Our work provides more tunable ways to the sign reversal of magnetization and exchange bias, which have potential application in designing magnetic random access memory devices, thermomagnetic switches and spin-valve devices.
Biophysical analysis of binding interactions between clathrin and its adaptor proteins

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) plays a central role in fundamental processes such as synaptic vesicle recycling, receptor recycling, signalling and development. CME begins with clathrin assembly on the plasma membrane, facilitated by adaptor proteins. This process forms an endocytic vesicle that allows transport of cargo into the cell, and is followed by clathrin disassembly through the action of different adaptor/accessory proteins. A large number of different adaptor and accessory proteins are recruited during CME, in a spatially and temporally ordered manner. Although our understanding is growing as to the roles of individual adaptor proteins, we still do not understand the way in which some adaptors interact with clathrin or the molecular details of their interactions with one another in the presence of clathrin. Clathrin adaptor proteins contain short, linear clathrin-binding motifs, which form the basis of their interaction with the four distinct sites on the clathrin N-terminal domain (TD). An adaptor protein with tighter binding or more numerous clathrin binding sequences could displace one with weaker or fewer binding elements. This raises the question of whether adaptor proteins compete for binding to clathrin or whether they can bind simultaneously. Using certain biochemical and biophysical techniques in vitro and purified WT and mutant adaptor proteins, I have shown the complex ‘multiple TD linking effect’ of epsin 1 via the cooperative action of its two clathrin box motifs and unstructured region. Using the newly developed SPR/IAC (2-injection) method, I explored competition between five purified structurally and functionally diverse adaptor proteins when simultaneously binding to clathrin TD. I have shown how the complex structure of epsin 1 causes competition with β-arrestin 1 for clathrin TD binding. Such competition is observed between espin 1 and auxilin 1 as well, which reveals information about the mechanism of disassembly. However, β2-adaptin and auxilin 1 demonstrate no such competition.