Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 65nm Cryogenic CMOS Design and Performance at 4.2K for Quantum State Controller Application

A performance evaluation of cryogenic CMOS circuit at liquid-helium temperature (4.2K) is conducted using a standard 65nm bulk CMOS for quantum state controller (QSC) applications. The ON-current (Ion) of the core n/pMOSFET are increased by 25% and 9% with excellent gate modulation (Ion/Ioff= $\sim 10~^{\mathrm{ 9}}$ ). The cryogenic characteristics of copper interconnects in the back end of the line (BEOL), including line and via resistances, capacitances, and Joule-heating effect (JHE) are accurately assessed. The interconnect and via resistances decrease with temperature due to a reduction of electron-phonon scattering, resulting in resistances that are 75% and 20% lower at 4.2K compared to those at room temperature(RT). No significant change in inter-line capacitance and no severe JHE are observed in the Cu BEOL at 4.2K. The developed cell libraries for Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (SPICE) model and the technology file, which includes RC interconnect parameters, enable precise design of CMOS circuits at 4.2K. This results in a demonstrated +18.3% increase in speed or −16% reduction in power consumption for ring-oscillator (ROSC) at 4.2K, aligning well with the simulation results obtained from the developed model.
Interval Prolongation as a predictor of short term Mortality In Patients With liver Cirrhosis and Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding is frequent in cirrhotic patients. It results generally from the crack of gastroesophageal varices, yet different causes, either related or not to entryway hypertension, can be included. This examination intended to consider the prognostic part of delayed QT in patients with cirrhosis, and foresee mortality hazard inside about a month and a half of intense gastrointestinal seeping from any reason fusing the QT span. Our investigation included 100 patients with cirrhosis isolated into two gatherings: 20 cirrhotic patients without intense gastrointestinal draining utilized as control (bunch 1) and 80 cirrhotic patients with intense gastrointestinal dying (bunch 2). All patients were exposed to the accompanying at the hour of draining and after 6 week: full history taking, exhaustive clinical assessment, complete blood picture, liver and kidney work tests, estimation of QT span in a 12-lead ECG, MELD score consolidating serum sodium, Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores . Higher INR, MELD and QT stretch were altogether connected with draining event in LC cases in univariable investigation. Mix of the two markers QT stretch and MELD for forecast of mortality inside a half year in LC cases uncovered expanded the intensity of segregation (AUC expanded to 0.906). This blend was essentially higher than QT span alone for expectation of mortality inside a half year in LC cases. A delayed QT
Identifying special operative trainees at-risk for musculoskeletal injury using full body kinematics

Introduction: Non-combat musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) during military training significantly impede the US military’s functionality, with an annual cost exceeding $3.7 billion. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a markerless motion capture system and full-body biomechanical movement pattern assessments to predict MSKI risk among military trainees. Methods: A total of 156 male United States Air Force (USAF) airmen were screened using a validated markerless biomechanics system. Trainees performed multiple functional movements, and the resultant data underwent Principal Component Analysis and Uniform Manifold And Projection to reduce the dimensionality of the time-dependent data. Two approaches, semi-supervised and supervised, were then used to identify at-risk trainees. Results: The semi-supervised analysis highlighted two major clusters with trainees in the high-risk cluster having a nearly five times greater risk of MSKI compared to those in the low-risk cluster. In the supervised approach, an AUC of 0.74 was produced when predicting MSKI in a leave-one-out analysis. Discussion: The application of markerless motion capture systems to measure an individual’s kinematic profile shows potential in identifying MSKI risk. This approach offers a novel way to proactively address one of the largest non-combat burdens on the US military. Further refinement and wider-scale implementation of these techniques could bring about substantial reductions in MSKI occurrence and the associated economic costs.
A 95.4% Hybrid Always-Dual-Path Recursive Step-Down Converter Using Adaptive Switching Level Control With 288 mΩ Large-DCR Inductor

This article proposes a hybrid always-dual-path recursive (ADPR) step-down converter to achieve high efficiency using a small-volume inductor with large dc resistance (DCR). The ADPR step-down converter utilizes only low-voltage transistors (1.5 or 3.3 V) for power switches. The converter has adopted adaptive switching level control, which includes adaptive mode transition (AMT) and adaptive duty modulation (ADM), based on one dual-flipped saw-tooth waveform. AMT and ADM enable a wide range operation and ensure flying capacitor charge balance while leading to higher efficiency. In addition, a complementary switch guarantees the reliable operation at lower input voltage to 2.8 V. The 130-nm prototype converter used a small-volume 4.7 <italic>μ</italic>H inductor with 288 mΩ DCR, a 10 <italic>μ</italic>F output capacitor, and two 4.7 <italic>μ</italic>F flying capacitors to verify highly efficient always-dual-path recursive operation. The measurement results show that the ADPR step-down converter can be suitable for converting Li-ion battery (2.8–4.2 V) to 0.7–1.1 V while the ratio of the inductor current over the load current (<italic>I</italic><sub>LOAD</sub>) can be set between 0.42 and 0.66 at all range. The peak efficiency was measured up to 95.4% at <italic>V</italic><sub>IN</sub> = 3.7 V and <italic>I</italic><sub>LOAD</sub> = 75 mA. When <italic>V</italic><sub>OUT</sub> = 1 V and <italic>I</italic><sub>LOAD</sub> = 100 mA, the efficiencies were higher than 92.9% at whole input voltage ranges, ensuring small efficiency variation of 1.6%.
Type-I interferon pathway and DNA damage accumulation in peripheral blood of patients with psoriatic arthritis

Objectives The abnormal DNA damage response is associated with upregulation of the type-1 interferon (IFN-I) pathway in certain rheumatic diseases. We investigated whether such aberrant mechanisms operate in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods DNA damage levels were measured by alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 52 PsA patients and age-sex-matched healthy individuals. RNA expression of IFIT1, MX1 and IFI44, which are selectively induced by IFN-I, was quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and their composite normalized expression resulted in IFN-I score calculation. RNA expression of IL1β, IL6, TNF, IL17A and IL23A was also assessed in PsA and control subgroups. Results In PsA, DNA damage accumulation was increased by almost two-fold compared to healthy individuals (olive tail moment arbitrary units, mean ± SD; 9.42 ± 2.71 vs 4.88 ± 1.98, p<0.0001). DNA damage levels significantly correlated with serum C-Reactive-protein and IL6 RNA expression in PBMCs. Despite increased DNA damage, the IFN-I score was strikingly lower in PsA patients compared to controls (-0.49 ± 6.99 vs 4.24 ± 4.26; p<0.0001). No correlation was found between IFN-I pathway downregulation and DNA damage. However, the IFN-I score in a PsA subgroup was lower in those patients with higher IL1β expression, as well as in those with higher TNF/IL23A PBMCs expression. Conclusion DNA damage in PsA correlates with measures of inflammation but is not associated with the IFN-I pathway induction. The unexpected IFN-I downregulation, albeit reminiscent to findings in experimental models of spondyloarthritis, may be implicated in PsA pathogenesis and explained by operation of other cytokines.
The significance of the senior pastor for change and growth

This is a literature-based article on the importance of the pastor for change and growth in the local church. The article discusses five themes derived from a review of the research literature, namely the general leadership literature and the church leadership literature. The contribution of this article is its discussion of the church leadership literature on the role of the pastor, taking into account the general research on the role of a top leader. Six propositions on how the pastor contributes to change and growth in the church are derived: 1) The pastor, as the senior leader, is vital for team development, change, and growth. 2) The personality traits and gifts of the pastors are important. 3) To increase change and growth, the senior pastor must emphasize a change-promoting leadership role and style, moderated by the roles and styles of the leadership team members. 4) A change- and task-oriented style must be moderated and reinforced - probably more so than in other organizations - by a transformational and relational leadership style. 5) The pastor should build an influential top-leader team to create direction, strategy, and change. Diversity facilitates the necessary discussion within the team. A common goal and appealing vision contribute positively to cooperation within the team. 6) Leadership should not only be understood as what the leader or pastor does but also as a complex interaction with other actors and the context. Building trust and good relationships with subordinate leaders and coworkers is thus vital for change and growth. Finally, a model for understanding the connection between the pastor, change, and growth is outlined.
Biomineralization of atrazine and analysis of 16S rRNA and catabolic genes of atrazine-degraders in a former pesticide mixing and machinery washing area at a farm site and in a constructed wetland

ii Dedication . iv Acknowledgments. v Vita . vi List of Tables . xi List of Figures . xvii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Objectives . 6 Chapter 2: Mineralization of atrazine in the river water intake and sediments of a constructed flow-through wetland . 10 2.
Data Analysis and Visualization of Mechanical Properties of Aluminium Coils, Focusing on Chemical Composition, Annealing Temperatures and Holding Time

As a producer of aluminium coils in a broad variety of applications AMAG faces challenges to control and monitor a long, multi-step production process with an immense number of parameters. Identifying impactful parameters or outliers becomes increasingly difficult when considering multiple production steps. Monitoring many coils over a big set of parameters manually is difficult, time consuming and error-prone and thus an unreasonable endeavour. To support employees in technology- and process-oriented domains, AMAG data scientists develop analytical tools for data exploration and data analysis. Based on material data containing mechanical properties in deformation tests, chemical composition, hot rolling temperature, intermediate annealing, and pre-heating duration we propose a framework of data collecting mechanisms and subsequent statistical methods to analyse and visualise data. The produced visuals can be interactively explored by material experts to gain better understanding of the complex interactions in production parameters and the effect on mechanical properties. Incorporating many coils at once, the framework offers a means to point out problems in process stability. A collaboration and a feedback loop between material scientists and data scientists is key to further develop advanced analytical methods.
Ethical and Legal Concerns of Artificial Intelligence in the Workplace: Examining Current Legislations in the United States

Abstract. The emergence of remote work prompted by the global Covid-19 pandemic has transformed workplace dynamics, highlighting intricate concerns about employee privacy and autonomy. However, the rise of algorithmic management driven by artificial intelligence (AI) challenges the assumed privacy in remote work settings. This paper examines the ethical and legal landscape of AI-powered employee monitoring in the United States. It employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating literature review, case analysis, legal examination, and ethical analysis. Past cases reveal the complex interaction between personal privacy and employer surveillance, offering insights for current and future legal actions. Current legislation, including the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), is explored, along with state-specific laws and their implications. Ethical concerns encompass biometric data tracking, discriminatory biases, and gig economy surveillance. AI’s impact on employee behavior and future implications are discussed, suggesting the need for balanced policies that prioritize transparency, fairness, accountability, and trust. In navigating the challenges of AI-powered monitoring, organizations should consider ethical considerations, existing legislation, and future trends to create a harmonious work environment that respects individual rights. Abstrak. Munculnya kerja jarak jauh yang dipicu oleh pandemi global Covid-19 telah mengubah dinamika tempat kerja, menyoroti keprihatinan rumit tentang privasi dan otonomi karyawan. Namun, munculnya manajemen berbasis algoritma yang digerakkan oleh kecerdasan buatan (AI) menantang privasi yang diasumsikan dalam pengaturan kerja jarak jauh. Makalah ini mengkaji lanskap etika dan hukum dari pemantauan karyawan yang didukung oleh AI di Amerika Serikat. Ini menggunakan pendekatan metode campuran, menggabungkan tinjauan pustaka, analisis kasus, pemeriksaan hukum, dan analisis etika. Kasus-kasus masa lalu mengungkapkan interaksi kompleks antara privasi pribadi dan pengawasan oleh pemberi kerja, memberikan wawasan untuk tindakan hukum saat ini dan masa depan. Undang-undang saat ini, termasuk Undang-Undang Privasi Komunikasi Elektronik (ECPA), dieksplorasi, bersama dengan undang-undang khusus negara dan implikasinya. Keprihatinan etika meliputi pelacakan data biometrik, bias diskriminatif, dan pengawasan ekonomi tumpahan. Dampak AI pada perilaku karyawan dan implikasi masa depan dibahas, menunjukkan perlunya kebijakan yang seimbang yang mengutamakan transparansi, keadilan, akuntabilitas, dan kepercayaan. Saat mengatasi tantangan pemantauan yang didukung oleh AI, organisasi harus mempertimbangkan pertimbangan etika, undang-undang yang ada, dan tren masa depan untuk menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang harmonis yang menghormati hak individu. Kata kunci: Manajemen algoritmik, Pemantauan karyawan yang didukung AI, Privasi, Legalitas, Masalah etika
A Study on the Dominant Driving Force of Plate Movement presented in the High School Earth Science Textbooks

In the early model of plate tectonics, the plate was depicted as a passive raft floating on the convecting mantle and carried away by the mantle flow. At the same time, ridge push at spreading boundaries and drag force exerted by the mantle on the base of lithosphere were described as the dominant driving forces of plate movements. However, in recent studies of plate tectonics, it is generally accepted that the primary force driving plate motion is slab pull beneath subduction zones rather than other forces driven by mantle convection. The current view asserts that the density contrast between dense oceanic lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere is the substance of slab pull. The greater density of oceanic slab allows it to sink deeper into mantle at trenches by gravitational pull, which provides a dominant driving force for plate motion. Based on this plate tectonics development, this study investigated the contents of plate tectonics in high school Earth Science textbooks and how they have been depicted for the last few decades. Results showed that the early explanation of plate movement driven by mantle convection has been consistently highlighted in almost all high school textbooks since the 5th curriculum, whereas most introductory college textbooks rectified the early theory of plate movement and introduced a newly accepted theory in revised edition. Therefore, we suggest that the latest theory of plate tectonics be included in high school textbooks so that students get updated with recent understanding of it in a timely manner.
Zika – an Emerging Global Threat

Zika virus disease (Zika) is a new emerging mosquito borne illness, transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito especially Aedes aegypti. The infection, known as Zika fever often causes no or only mild symptoms which include fever, rash, joint pain, and conjunctivitis, which may last up to a week.
Quantifying trace element and isotope fluxes at the ocean-sediment boundary - supplementary material

1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, United Kingdom (orcid.org/0000-0002-9562-8591) 2. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, 1503 NE Boat Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA 3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA 4. Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Clausiusstrasse 25, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland 5. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, Florida, USA 6. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), IPSL, CEA–Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 7. Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulose, France 8. Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA 9. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Jane Herdman Building, Liverpool L69 3GP, United Kingdom
DEFORESTATION DETECTION IN THE AMAZON WITH SENTINEL-1 SAR IMAGE TIME SERIES

Abstract. Deforestation has a significant impact on the environment, accelerating global warming and causing irreversible damage to ecosystems. Large-scale deforestation monitoring techniques still mostly rely on statistical approaches and traditional machine learning models applied to multi-spectral, optical satellite imagery and meta-data like land cover maps. However, clouds often obstruct observations of land in optical satellite imagery, especially in the tropics, which limits their effectiveness. Moreover, statistical approaches and traditional machine learning methods may not capture the wide range of underlying distributions in deforestation data due to limited model capacity. To overcome these drawbacks, we apply an attention-based neural network architecture that learns to detect deforestation end-to-end from time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR data are mostly independent of the weather conditions and our trained neural network model generalizes across a wide range of deforestation patterns of Amazon forests. We curate a new dataset, called BraDD-S1TS, comprising approximately 25,000 image sequences for deforested and unchanged land throughout the Brazilian Amazon. We experimentally evaluate our method on this dataset and compare it to state-of-the-art approaches. We find it outperforms still-in-use methods by 13.7 percentage points in intersection over union (IoU). We make BraDD-S1TS publicly available along with this publication to serve as a novel testbed for comparing different deforestation detection methods in future studies.
Distribution of branched GDGTs in surface sediments from the Colville River, Alaska: Implications for the MBT′/CBT paleothermometer in Arctic marine sediments

Significant climate fluctuations in the Arctic over the recent past, and additional predicted future temperature changes, highlight the need for high‐resolution Arctic paleoclimate records. Arctic coastal environments supplied with terrigenous sediment from Arctic rivers have the potential to provide annual to subdecadal resolution records of climate variability over the last few millennia. A potential tool for paleotemperature reconstructions in these marine sediments is the revised methylation index of branched tetraethers (MBT′)/cyclization ratio of branched tetraethers (CBT) proxy based on branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs). In this study, we examine the source of brGDGTs in the Colville River, Alaska, and the adjacent Simpson Lagoon and reconstruct temperatures from Simpson Lagoon sediments to evaluate the applicability of this proxy in Arctic estuarine environments. The Colville catchment soils, fluvial sediments, and estuarine sediments contain statistically similar brGDGT distributions, indicating that the brGDGTs throughout the system are soil derived with little alteration from in situ brGDGT production in the river or coastal waters. Temperatures reconstructed from the MBT′/CBT indices for surface samples show good agreement with regional summer (June through September) temperatures, suggesting a seasonal bias in Arctic temperature reconstructions from the Colville system. In addition, we reconstruct paleotemperatures from an estuarine sediment core that spans the last 75 years, revealing an overall warming trend in the twentieth century that is consistent with trends observed in regional instrumental records. These results support the application of this brGDGT‐based paleotemperature proxy for subdecadal‐scale summer temperature reconstructions in Arctic estuaries containing organic material derived from sediment‐laden, episodic rivers.
An Empirical Study on Channel Reciprocity in TDD and FDD Systems

The 6 GHz band plays a crucial role in the development of the 6G. A profound comprehension of channel reciprocity is essential for designing time division duplexing/frequency division duplexing (TDD/FDD) systems within this band. Firstly, in an indoor corridor scenario, precise and impartial measurements are conducted for both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) channels in the 6 GHz band; A denoising algorithm is proposed to extract multipath components (MPCs) from the measurement data, enabling a more equitable assessment of channel reciprocity; Then, a comprehensive analysis of channel reciprocity has been conducted, focusing on four aspects: path loss, delay spread, cluster-based correlation coefficient (CBCC), and multipath power dissimilarity (MPD). The findings indicate that TDD systems demonstrate nearly perfect reciprocity, whereas FDD systems exhibit partial reciprocity in indoor scenarios. Specifically, in TDD systems, the CBCCs between UL and DL exceed 95%, while in FDD systems, they fluctuate between 80% and 90%. Additionally, a model has been provided to depict the relationship between MPD and center frequency, as well as frequency interval; Finally, a comparative analysis of measured and ray-tracing simulated results reveals the presence of numerous public MPCs, which share the same propagation delay and spatial angle between the UL and DL in FDD systems, as well as private MPCs that exist exclusively in either the UL or DL. They collectively influence the channel reciprocity.