Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmission pathway of Enterobacteriaceae from reared fish and surrounding
environment to water body in Batang Ai reservoir, Sarawak, Borneo

This study was aimed to determine the genetic distribution and characteristics of the bacterial family in the Batang Ai reservoir and their possible sources of transmission into the lake water. Surface water samples were collected from twenty-seven sampling points scattered around the Batang Ai reservoir and four fish samples were obtained from an aquaculture farm located within the water reservoir. The samples were plated on Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBA) plates for the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 141 bacterial colonies were isolated from the culture plates and subjected to (GTG)5 PCR analysis to determine the genetic similarities among the isolates. A dendrogram was plotted based on the (GTG)5 PCR patterns and the representative isolates were selected for identity confirmation using 16S rRNA sequencing. Based on the sequencing, five genera of Enterobacteriaceae were identified as Enterobacter, Escherichia, Shigella, Klebsiella and Pseudocitrobacter, consisting of 12 identified species, namely Enterobacter hormaechei, E. hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis, E. cloacae, E. cloacae subsp. dissolvens, E. kobei, E. tabaci, Shigella boydii, S. flexneri, Pseudocitrobacter faecalis, Escherichia fergusonii, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A total of 14 antibiotics from seven anti-microbial classes including penicillins, cephems, monobactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones and fluoroquinolones, and phenicols were tested against the isolates. A total of seven species within the isolates were found to have multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index below 0.2, suggesting those isolates were derived from low risk of antibiotics contamination sources. With the exception of ampicillin and tetracycline, all antibiotics have 25% or less bacterial species displaying resistance. Most (70%) of the bacterial species showed resistance toward ampicillin. The fish isolates demonstrated multiple antibiotic resistance indexes ranging from 0.214 to 0.5. The presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the water reservoir may pose the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections through water-related activities and consumption of fish harbouring antimicrobial resistance bacterial species. It was proven that Enterobacteriaceae were transmitted from the activities and surrounding environments to the water reservoir, thus it is proposed that a guideline for activities to be carried out in the water reservoir is created and imposed.
Col-OSSOS: The Colors of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey

The Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey is acquiring near-simultaneous g, r, and J photometry of unprecedented precision with the Gemini North Telescope, targeting nearly 100 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) brighter than mr = 23.6 mag discovered in the Outer Solar System Origins Survey. Combining the optical and near-infrared photometry with the well-characterized detection efficiency of the Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey target sample will provide the first flux-limited compositional dynamical map of the outer solar system. In this paper, we describe our observing strategy and detail the data reduction processes we employ, including techniques to mitigate the impact of rotational variability. We present optical and near-infrared colors for 35 TNOs. We find two taxonomic groups for the dynamically excited TNOs, the neutral and red classes, which divide at g − r ≃ 0.75. Based on simple albedo and orbital distribution assumptions, we find that the neutral class outnumbers the red class, with a ratio of 4:1 and potentially as high as 11:1. Including in our analysis constraints from the cold classical objects, which are known to exhibit unique albedos and r − z colors, we find that within our measurement uncertainty our observations are consistent with the primordial solar system protoplanetesimal disk being neutral class dominated, with two major compositional divisions in grJ color space.
Boson stars: Chemical potential and quark condensates

We study equilibrium solutions of a boson star in mean field approximation using a general relativistic framework. Dynamics of the constituent matter in such a star is described by a scalar field. The statistical aspect of the matter equilibrium is investigated by incorporating the effect of finite chemical potential in equation of state. We analyze the two possible situations where the scalar field is either a composite one -suitable for describing diquark-condensates or a fundamental. We derive a generalized set of Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equations to incorporate the metric dependence of chemical potential in general relativity. It is demonstrated that the introduction of finite chemical potential can lead to a new class of the solutions where the maximum mass and radius of a star change in a significant way. In general the density profile has node like structures due to introduction of finite chemical potentials. It is shown that these nodes can be avoided by applying constraints on the values of the central pressure and central chemical potential. This in turn can reduce the parameter space available for the stable solutions. We also discuss the case when the boson star is made of diquark condensates. It is shown that when the self-interaction of the condensate is negligible, the typical energy density of the star is too high to have a boson star of diquark condensates. Our results indicate, even after the effect of self-interaction is incorporated, the stable equilibrium can occur only in a low-density and high-pressure regime. PACS numbers:
Large-scale correlations between QSOs and IRAS galaxies

Large-scale structures in the Universe can act as weak lenses and therefore cause an amplification bias on flux-limited counts of background sources provided their luminosity function is sufficiently steep. If galaxies are associated with these structures, as assumed in the biasing hypothesis of galaxy formation, then this weak lensing effect can be detected by searching for correlations between background sources and foreground galaxies on scales of some 10 arcminutes. We have recently investigated this effect theoretically and have shown that highly significant large-scale correlations between 1-Jansky radio quasars and Lick galaxies are present (Bartelmann & Schneider 1993a,b)
Dendritic Deep Residual Learning for COVID‐19 Prediction

Deep residual network (ResNet), one of the mainstream deep learning models, has achieved groundbreaking results in various fields. However, all neurons used in ResNet are based on the McCulloch‐Pitts model which has long been criticized for its oversimplified structure. Accordingly, this paper for the first time proposes a novel dendritic residual network by considering the powerful information processing capacity of dendrites in neurons. Experimental results based on the challenging COVID‐19 prediction problem show the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with other state‐of‐the‐art ones. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Therapeutic Approaches for ADHD by Developmental Stage and Clinical Presentation

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with three presentations: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive and combined. These may represent an independent disease entity. Therefore, the therapeutic approach must be focused on their neurobiological, psychological and social characteristics. To date, there is no comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of different treatments for each presentation of ADHD and each stage of development. This is as narrative overview of scientific papers that summarize the most recent findings and identify the most effective pharmacological and psychosocial treatments by ADHD presentation and age range. Evidence suggests that methylphenidate is the safest and most effective drug for the clinical management of children, adolescents and adults. Atomoxetine is effective in preschoolers and maintains similar efficacy to methylphenidate in adults, whereas guanfacine has proven to be an effective monotherapy for adults and is a worthy adjuvant for the management of cognitive symptoms. The psychosocial treatments with the best results in preschoolers are behavioral interventions that include training of primary caregivers. In adolescents, the combination of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies has shown the best results, whereas cognitive-behavioral interventions are the most effective in adults. Pharmacological and psychosocial treatments must be adjusted to the ADHD presentation and its neurocognitive characteristics through the patient’s development.
A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

Cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM) performed under ambient conditions has become an important tool to characterize new material systems as well as devices. Current instruments permit robust scanning over large areas, atomic-scale lateral resolution, and the characterization of various sample properties using multifrequency and multimodal AFM operation modes. Research of new quantum materials and devices, however, often requires low temperatures and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions and, more specifically, AFM instrumentation providing atomic resolution. For this, AFM instrumentation based on a tuning fork force sensor became increasingly popular. In comparison to microfabricated cantilevers, the more macroscopic tuning forks, however, lack sensitivity, which limits the measurement bandwidth. Moreover, multimodal and multifrequency techniques, such as those available in cantilever-based AFM carried out under ambient conditions, are challenging to implement. In this article, we describe a cantilever-based low-temperature UHV AFM setup that allows one to transfer the versatile AFM techniques developed for ambient conditions to UHV and low-temperature conditions. We demonstrate that such a cantilever-based AFM offers experimental flexibility by permitting multimodal or multifrequency operations with superior force derivative sensitivities and bandwidths. Our instrument has a sub-picometer gap stability and can simultaneously map not only vertical and lateral forces with atomic-scale resolution, but also perform rapid overview scans with the tip kept at larger tip–sample distances for robust imaging.
The Image Irradiance Equation: Its Solution and Application

Abstract : How much information about the shape of an object can be inferred from its image? In particular, can the shape of an object be reconstructed by measuring the light it reflects from points on its surface? These questions were raised by Horn (H070) who formulated a set of conditions such that the image formation can be described in terms of a first order partial differential equation, the image irradiance equation. In general, an image irradiance equation has infinitely many solutions. Thus constraints necessary to find a unique solution need to be identified. First we study the continuous image irradiance equation. It is demonstrated when and how the knowledge of the position of edges on a surface can be used to reconstruct the surface. Furthermore we show how much about the shape of a surface can be deduced from so called singular points. At these points the surface orientation is uniquely determined by the measured brightness. Then we investigate images in which certain types of silhouettes, which we call b-silhouettes, can be detected. In particular we answer the following question in the affirmative: Is there a set of constraints which assure that if an image irradiance equation has a solution, it is unique? To this end we postulate three constraints upon the image irradiance equation and prove that they are sufficient to uniquely reconstruct the surface from its image.
G-Quadruplex Aptamer-Ligand Characterization

In this work we explore the structure of a G-rich DNA aptamer termed AT11-L2 (TGGTGGTGGTTGTTGTTGGTGGTGGTGGT; derivative of AT11) by evaluating the formation and stability of G-quadruplex (G4) conformation under different experimental conditions such as KCl concentration, temperature, and upon binding with a variety of G4 ligands (360A, BRACO-19, PDS, PhenDC3, TMPyP4). We also determined whether nucleolin (NCL) can be a target of AT11-L2 G4. Firstly, we assessed by circular dichroism, UV and NMR spectroscopies the formation of G4 by AT11-L2. We observed that, for KCl concentrations of 65 mM or less, AT11-L2 adopts hybrid or multiple topologies. In contrast, a parallel topology predominates for buffer containing 100 mM of KCl. The Tm of AT11-L2 in 100 mM of KCl is 38.9 °C, proving the weak stability of this sequence. We also found that upon titration with two molar equivalents of 360A, BRACO-19 and PhenDC3, the G4 is strongly stabilized and its topology is maintained, while the addition of 3.5 molar equivalents of TMPyP4 promotes the disruption of G4. The KD values between AT11-L2 G4, ligands and NCL were obtained by fluorescence titrations and are in the range of µM for ligand complexes and nM when adding NCL. In silico studies suggest that four ligands bind to the AT11-L2 G4 structure by stacking interactions, while the RBD1,2 domains of NCL interact preferentially with the thymines of AT11-L2 G4. Finally, AT11-L2 G4 co-localized with NCL in NCL-positive tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line.
Mutant Ataxin-2 Expression in Aged Animals Aggravates Neuropathological Features Associated with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a rare autosomal, dominantly inherited disease, in which the affected individuals have a disease onset around their third life decade. The molecular mechanisms underlying SCA2 are not yet completely understood, for which we hypothesize that aging plays a role in SCA2 molecular pathogenesis. In this study, we performed a striatal injection of mutant ataxin-2 mediated by lentiviral vectors, in young and aged animals. Twelve weeks post-injection, we analyzed the striatum for SCA2 neuropathological features and specific aging hallmarks. Our results show that aged animals had a higher number of mutant ataxin-2 aggregates and more neuronal marker loss, compared to young animals. Apoptosis markers, cleaved caspase-3, and cresyl violet staining also indicated increased neuronal death in the aged animal group. Additionally, mRNA levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light-chain 3B (LC3) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) were altered in the aged animal group, suggesting autophagic pathway dysfunction. This work provides evidence that aged animals injected with expanded ataxin-2 had aggravated SCA2 disease phenotype, suggesting that aging plays an important role in SCA2 disease onset and disease progression.
CTH/H2S Regulates LPS-Induced Inflammation through IL-8 Signaling in MAC-T Cells

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as an endogenous gaseous signaling molecule, plays an important role in the inflammatory process. Our previous study found that Cystathionine-γ-lyase (CTH) and H2S are correlated with the occurrence and development of Clinical Mastitis (CM) in Holstein cows. However, the functions and regulatory mechanisms of CTH/H2S are still unknown. In this study, the inflammatory mammary cell model based on the MAC-T cell line was established by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced manner to further explore the function and regulatory mechanism of CTH/H2S in cows with CM. In the inflammatory MAC-T cell, the CTH expression and H2S production were both repressed in an LPS-dose dependent manner, which demonstrated that CTH/H2S is related to the progression of inflammation. The inhibition of CTH/H2S using a selective CTH inhibitor, β-cyano-l-Alanine (BCA), promoted LPS-induced inflammation response and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. However, this was reversed by the H2S donor NaHS, demonstrating that H2S can protect cells from inflammatory damage. Intriguingly, interleukin-8 (IL-8) showed an inverse expression pattern correlated with the H2S-mediated cell protection effect during the inflammation process, and the inhibition test using a selective IL-8 receptor antagonist, SB225002, showed that IL-8 signaling plays a critical role in mediating endogenous H2S synthesis, and CTH/H2S exerts its anti-inflammation via IL-8-mediated signaling. This study provided support for the prevention and treatment of CM and the development of a novel anti-inflammatory strategy.
Pareto Frequency-Aware Power Side-Channel Countermeasure Exploration on CNN Systolic Array

Neural Network (NN) accelerators are widely used in many scenarios, including computer vision, speech recognition, automatic driving, etc. The trained weights of NNs are considered confidential properties due to their commercial value, thus becoming the potential targets for hardware reverse-engineering intruders. In this brief, we propose a low-cost, high-security, easy-to-deploy countermeasure for convolutional neural network (CNN) systolic array against weight reverse-engineering through power side channels. This countermeasure utilizes the clock frequency-switching and phase-shifting techniques to mitigate the power side channels. We further make a design space exploration to trade-off between Side-Channel Analysis (SCA) security and performance by leveraging the non-ideality of CMOS device. The experimental results show that the proposed countermeasure achieves an 81.6% absolute correlation reduction, thus incurring more than $100\times $ power trace consumption (more secure) while maintaining the MAC (multiply-and-accumulate) blocks work at the Pareto-optimal frequencies (Pareto faster).
Gemini planet imager observational calibrations VI: photometric and spectroscopic calibration for the integral field spectrograph

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a new facility instrument for the Gemini Observatory designed to provide direct detection and characterization of planets and debris disks around stars in the solar neighborhood. In addition to its extreme adaptive optics and coronagraphic systems which give access to high angular resolution and high-contrast imaging capabilities, GPI contains an integral field spectrograph providing low resolution spectroscopy across five bands between 0.95 and 2.5 μm. This paper describes the sequence of processing steps required for the spectro-photometric calibration of GPI science data, and the necessary calibration files. Based on calibration observations of the white dwarf HD 8049 B we estimate that the systematic error in spectra extracted from GPI observations is less than 5%. The flux ratio of the occulted star and fiducial satellite spots within coronagraphic GPI observations, required to estimate the magnitude difference between a target and any resolved companions, was measured in the H-band to be ∆m = 9.23 ± 0.06 in laboratory measurements and ∆m = 9.39 ± 0.11 using on-sky observations. Laboratory measurements for the Y, J , K1 and K2 filters are also presented. The total throughput of GPI, Gemini South and the atmosphere of the Earth was also measured in each photometric passband, with a typical throughput in H-band of 18% in the non-coronagraphic mode, with some variation observed over the six-month period for which observations were available. We also report ongoing development and improvement of the data cube extraction algorithm.
On the influence of a β‐effect on Lagrangian diffusion

Geophysical turbulence is strongly influenced by the variation of the Coriolis force with latitude (β‐effect): when this effect is significant an anisotropic inverse cascade is developed since energy is preferentially transferred towards zonal modes. The consequent emergence of flow structures along the zonal direction can strongly impact turbulent transport and modify meridional scalar diffusion. In this letter we investigate zonal and meridional diffusion in laboratory experiments of turbulence affected by aβ‐effect. The degree of anisotropy and the flow characteristic scales have been quantified according to a Lagrangian approach based on the reconstruction of tracer trajectories, i.e., in analogy with oceanic drifters data, and on the Finite‐Scale Lyapunov Exponent (FSLE) analysis. An experimental confirmation of a recently introduced scaling law for the meridional diffusion in the marginally zonostrophic regime is also presented.
Targeted Advertising in Social Media Platforms Using Hybrid Convolutional Learning Method besides Efficient Feature Weights

Advertising has been one of the most effective and valuable marketing tools for many years. Utilizing social media networks to market and sell products is becoming increasingly prevalent. The greatest challenges in this industry are the high cost of providing content and posting it on social networks, maximizing ad efficiency, and limiting spam advertisements. User engagement rate is one of the most frequently employed metrics for measuring the effectiveness of social media advertisements. Previous research has not comprehensively analyzed the factors influencing engagement rate. To this end, it is necessary to investigate the impact of various factors (such as user characteristics, posts, emotions, relationships, images, and backgrounds, among others) on engagement rate because assessing these influential factors in different networks can increase the engagement of users with advertising posts and thereby increase the success rate of targeted advertising. To predict the user engagement rate, we extract the significant attributes of posts and introduce an adaptive hybrid convolutional model based on FW-CNN-LSTM. We cluster the selected data based on the weight and significance of their attributes using the FCM and XGBoost algorithms and then apply CNN- and LSTM-based methods to select similar features. Using accuracy, recall, F-measure, and precision metrics, we compared our algorithm to standard techniques such as SVM, Logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, and CNN. According to the findings, hashtag, brand ID, movie title, and actors achieve the highest scores, and the values for actual training time in various data ratios are relatively linear, which confirms the scalability of the proposed model for large datasets. The results also demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms others and can lead to targeted ads on social media.
Study of the cyanobacteria effect on increasing in the rate of soil fertility in the arid zone

We have studied the morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the soils of the Baer knolls in the Astrakhan region. Cyanobacterial communities were identified from the soil samples of the Baer knolls, the dominant forms of which was filamentous and heterocyst. The study of the cyanobacteria effect on increasing in the rate of fertility found that in all soil samples with cyanobacterial cultures was an increase the mass fraction of organic matter and pH of the water extract after three months of exposure.