Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONSIDERATIONS ON DAYLIGHT OPERATION OF 1.6-VERSUS 3.7-µm CHANNEL ON NOAA AND METOP SATELLITES

Abstract The transition from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)/2 to AVHRR/3 on NOAA polar orbiters was associated with a switching from daylight operations of the 3.7- to 1.6-µm wave band, while retaining 3.7 µm for nighttime operations. Investigations of the daylight applicability of the two channels suggest that the 1.6-µm wave band for daylight operations does not prove to be the better choice, at least for cloud applications. The 3.7-µm wave band is much less affected by surface contamination, and measures more faithfully and unambiguously the particle effective radius near cloud tops. The 1.6-µm radiation penetrates deeper into the cloud, supplying an integrated signal throughout the inner portions of the cloud, including surface contribution. Therefore, a synergetic use of the two wave bands can provide an improved retrieval of cloud microstructure and precipitation than from any of the channels alone. However, when one channel must be selected for the AVHRR/3, 3.7 µm performs muc.
Analysis of electromagnetic systems irradiated by ultra-short ultra-wideband pulse

The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the analysis of electromagnetic systems irradiated by an ultra-short ultra-wideband electromagnetic pulse. This is accomplished through the use of a hybrid method that involves simultaneous generation of early time and low frequency information. These two data sets, namely early time and low frequency, in the original and transform domains are not only easy to generate, but also contain all the necessary mutually complementary information to electromagnetically characterize the system. This assumes that a sufficient record length is available in both domains. A criterion is provided to assess whether the record lengths are sufficiently long. Utilizing orthogonal associate Hermite functions, a time domain signal representing the electromagnetic quantity of interest (be it current or the scattered electromagnetic fields) can be expressed as a weighted sum of these quantities in an efficient way. The associate Hermite functions are orthonormal and are expressed through the Hermite polynomials. The frequency domain response can also be characterized by the same set of functions weighted by the same sets of coefficients, as the Hermite polynomials are the eigenfunctions of the Fourier transform operator. The available data in both domains are then simultaneously used to solve for the unknown weights. Once these coefficients are known the data can be simultaneously extrapolated in both the time and frequency domains. Computational load for the electromagnetic analysis for this method is quite modest compared to solving the electromagnetic analysis problem exclusively in either domain. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the application of this hybrid methodology.
Novel Magic-T Integrated With Rectangular Waveguide-to-Microstrip Line Transition

A magic-T integrated with transition is presented in this letter. The transition from rectangular waveguide to microstrip line meets Faraday’s law, and the function of balance ports is realized by placing a pair of probes in reverse directions. The isolation between the sum port and the difference port of the magic-T is 30 dB, the isolation of the balance ports is 22 dB, the insertion loss (IL) is less than 0.6 dB, and the frequency is between 7.7 and 9.0 GHz. Implemented with multilayer boards only, the waveguide magic-T is more suitable for solid-state amplifiers and increases potentials in miniaturization of antenna array system.
IgA2 immune complexes selectively promote inflammation by human CD103+ dendritic cells

While immunoglobulin A (IgA) is well known for its neutralizing and anti-inflammatory function, it is becoming increasingly clear that IgA can also induce human inflammatory responses by various different immune cells. Yet, little is known about the relative role of induction of inflammation by the two IgA subclasses i.e. IgA1, most prominent subclass in circulation, and IgA2, most prominent subclass in the lower intestine. Here, we set out to study the inflammatory function of IgA subclasses on different human myeloid immune cell subsets, including monocytes, and in vitro differentiated macrophages and intestinal CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs). While individual stimulation with IgA immune complexes only induced limited inflammatory responses by human immune cells, both IgA subclasses strongly amplified pro-inflammatory cytokine production upon co-stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands such as Pam3CSK4, PGN, and LPS. Strikingly, while IgA1 induced slightly higher or similar levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes and macrophages, respectively, IgA2 induced substantially more inflammation than IgA1 by CD103+ DCs. In addition to pro-inflammatory cytokine proteins, IgA2 also induced higher mRNA expression levels, indicating that amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokine production is at least partially regulated at the level of gene transcription. Interestingly, cytokine amplification by IgA1 was almost completely dependent on Fc alpha receptor I (FcαRI), whilst blocking this receptor only partially reduced cytokine induction by IgA2. In addition, IgA2-induced amplification of pro-inflammatory cytokines was less dependent on signaling through the kinases Syk, PI3K, and TBK1/IKKϵ. Combined, these findings indicate that IgA2 immune complexes, which are most abundantly expressed in the lower intestine, particularly promote inflammation by human CD103+ intestinal DCs. This may serve an important physiological function upon infection, by enabling inflammatory responses by this otherwise tolerogenic DC subset. Since various inflammatory disorders are characterized by disturbances in IgA subclass balance, this may also play a role in the induction or exacerbation of chronic intestinal inflammation.
A Novel Modulation Strategy for Split-Inductor Active NPC Inverter With Loss Distribution Balancing and Thermal Stress Reduction

Neutral point clamped inverter (NPC) features low harmonics, high efficiency, and low voltage stress, et al. NPC is widely applied in renewable energy power generation systems, such as wind turbine power and photovoltaic. However, due to unbalanced power losses, NPC suffers inherent thermal unbalance among inner and outer power switches. A split-inductor active neutral point clamped inverter (SI-ANPC) was initially proposed to improve the operating reliability, providing the structural basis for balanced loss distributions. With this purpose, a novel modulation strategy with balanced loss distribution for SI-ANPC is proposed in this article. The modulation strategy is analyzed under the unity and nonunity power factors. In specially, two redundant zero-state paths are fully used. Under the unity power factor, the power switches operate at the switching frequency or maintain the conduction state complementarily. Considering the phase angle in the nonunity power factor situation, the working patterns of power switches are rearranged to reduce the loss difference. The thermal stress is decreased on both occasions. Finally, loss calculation results, experimental waveforms, and thermal images of the inner and outer switches are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.
Examined lymph node count for gastric cancer patients after curative surgery

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is the most common form of metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). The status and stage of LN metastasis are important indicators that reflect the progress of GC. The number of LN metastases is still the most effective index to evaluate the prognosis of patients in all stages of LN metastasis. Examined LN (ELN) count refers to the number of LNs harvested from specimens by curative gastrectomy for pathological examination. This review summarizes the factors that influence ELN count, including individual and tumor factors, intraoperative dissection factors, postoperative sorting factors, and pathological examination factors. Different ELN counts will lead to prognosis-related stage migration. Fine LN sorting and regional LN sorting are the two most important LN sorting technologies. The most direct and effective way to harvest a large number of LNs is for surgeons to perform in vitro fine LN sorting.
Effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on rehabilitation of upper limb motor function after stroke

Background The cerebellum is involved in the control and coordination of movements but it remains unclear whether stimulation of the cerebellum could improve the recovery of upper limb motor function. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) therapy could promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in patients who suffered a stroke. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled prospective study, 77 stroke patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the tDCS group (n = 39) or the control group (n = 38). The patients received anodal (2 mA, 20 min) or sham tDCS therapy for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) score from baseline to the first day after 4 weeks of treatment (T1) and 60 days after 4 weeks of treatment (T2). The secondary outcomes were the FMA-UE response rates assessed at T1 and T2. Adverse events (AEs) related to the tDCS treatment were also recorded. Results At T1, the mean FMA-UE score increased by 10.7 points [standard error of the mean (SEM) = 1.4] in the tDCS group and by 5.8 points (SEM = 1.3) in the control group (difference between the two groups was 4.9 points, P = 0.013). At T2, the mean FMA-UE score increased by 18.9 points (SEM = 2.1) in the tDCS group and by 12.7 points (SEM = 2.1) in the control group (the difference between the two groups was 6.2 points, P = 0.043). At T1, 26 (70.3%) patients in the tDCS group had a clinically meaningful response to the FMA-UE score compared to 12 (34.3%) patients in the control group (the difference between the two groups was 36.0%, P =0.002). At T2, 33 (89.2%) patients in the tDCS group had a clinically meaningful response to the FMA-UE score compared with 19 (54.3%) patients in the control group (the difference between the two groups was 34.9%, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis of different hemiplegic sides, the rehabilitation effect of patients with right hemiplegia was better than that of patients with left hemiplegia (P < 0.05); in the age subgroup analysis, different age groups of patients did not show a significant difference in the rehabilitation effect (P > 0.05). Conclusion Cerebellar tDCS can be used as an effective and safe treatment to promote recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke patients. Trial registration ChiCTR.org. cn, identifier: ChiCTR2200061838.
Tiangong remote sensing natural scene intelligent recognition and interpretablity analysis

This paper focuses on the intelligent recognition of images in the Tiangong remote sensing image dataset and its interpretability analysis. In this paper, we classified the aforementioned dataset, retrained the Resnet-18 model on the training set, and then verified the results on the validation set with an accuracy of 97.9%. Furthermore, this paper presented an interpretability analysis of deep learning for intelligent recognition of the Tiangong remote sensing image dataset.
Barotropic Instability and Optimal Perturbations of Observed Nonzonal Flows

Abstract An eigenvalue analysis of a divergent barotropic model on a sphere is extended to the formulation of a global optimization problem, whose solution selects an initial perturbation that evolves into the most energetic structure at a finite time interval, τ. The evolution of this perturbation is obtained from companion linear and nonlinear global spectral time-dependent models, and the optimization prediction of perturbation size at time τ is verified. Two zonally asymmetric flows defined by time-mean ECMWF global 300-mb analyses during winter 1985/86 are used to illustrate the application and insights provided by the optimization problem. The dependence of the optimal perturbations on the parameter τ is examined. The optimal perturbations become increasingly localized as τ is decreased to periods on the order of three days. The initial growth rates of these perturbations greatly exceed that of the most unstable normal mode, and also exceed the growth rate of a disturbance with maximum projection on.
A review of mixture theory with applications in physical oceanography and meteorology

The motivation for this paper is the observation that most problems in physical oceanography and meteorology are concerned with mixtures of two or more constituents. Some diverse examples include seawater, turbidity currents, deforming seabeds containing pore fluids, and air containing all phases of water. In the last 15 years a revolution has occurred in the theoretical continuum approach to mixtures; however, none of this has found its way into the oceanographic or meteorological literature. Thus it is appropriate to compare models arising from this modern approach with the classical results. The major distinction between the two approaches is that the modern theory stipulates equations of motion for each constituent, whereas in the classical result it is assumed that the equations of motion for the mixture suffice for a description of the dynamics. The ramifications of this are explored in several diverse areas in oceanography and meteorology. It is shown that for the hydrothermal-dynamic description of seawater for purely dynamical purposes the distinction is not important. It is not as clear that this is true for models of fine and microscale processes. The principal difficulty seems to be the parameterization of mixing by Fickian-type diffusion. Mixture theory provides an alternative that, for special situations, reduces to the Telegraph equation. For models of ocean seabed interactions it seems clear that the modern theory should be utilized. In this regard, some general dynamical models for sediment transport and turbidity currents and viscous porous seabeds are developed. Also, the thermodynamics of a mixture of ice, water vapor, and condensate in the atmosphere is treated from the standpoint of the modern theory.
Input linearization of nonlinear systems via pulse width control

Input linearization of a general kind of nonlinear system can be achieved by adding a pulse width (modulated) control block prior to the nonlinear system. Therefore the combined system from the pulse width control input to the nonlinear system output behaves as a linear control system. By this way a complex and cumbersome nonlinear system model can be easily transformed to a much simpler linear control form.
Low carbohydrate intake correlates with trends of insulin resistance and metabolic acidosis in healthy lean individuals

Introduction Both obesity and a poor diet are considered major risk factors for triggering insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Owing to the impact of low-carbohydrate diets, such as the keto diet and the Atkins diet, on weight loss in individuals with obesity, these diets have become an effective strategy for a healthy lifestyle. However, the impact of the ketogenic diet on IRS in healthy individuals of a normal weight has been less well researched. This study presents a cross-sectional observational study that aimed to investigate the effect of low carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight with regard to glucose homeostasis, inflammatory, and metabolic parameters. Methods The study included 120 participants who were healthy, had a normal weight (BMI 25 kg/m2), and had no history of a major medical condition. Self-reported dietary intake and objective physical activity measured by accelerometry were tracked for 7 days. The participants were divided into three groups according to their dietary intake of carbohydrates: the low-carbohydrate (LC) group (those consuming <45% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), the recommended range of carbohydrate (RC) group (those consuming 45–65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates), and the high-carbohydrate (HC) group (those consuming more than 65% of their daily energy intake from carbohydrates). Blood samples were collected for the analysis of metabolic markers. HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and HOMA of β-cell function (HOMA-β), as well as C-peptide levels, were used for the evaluation of glucose homeostasis. Results Low carbohydrate intake (<45% of total energy) was found to significantly correlate with dysregulated glucose homeostasis as measured by elevations in HOMA-IR, HOMA-β% assessment, and C-peptide levels. Low carbohydrate intake was also found to be coupled with lower serum bicarbonate and serum albumin levels, with an increased anion gap indicating metabolic acidosis. The elevation in C-peptide under low carbohydrate intake was found to be positively correlated with the secretion of IRS-related inflammatory markers, including FGF2, IP-10, IL-6, IL-17A, and MDC, but negatively correlated with IL-3. Discussion Overall, the findings of the study showed that, for the first time, low-carbohydrate intake in healthy individuals of a normal weight might lead to dysfunctional glucose homeostasis, increased metabolic acidosis, and the possibility of triggering inflammation by C-peptide elevation in plasma.
Vehicle Platooning for Merge Coordination in a Connected Driving Environment: A Hybrid ACC-DMPC Approach

This study proposes a vehicle platooning algorithm to minimize the disruption from a lane-changing maneuver. Towards achieving this objective, while most studies emphasize the interaction between the lane-changing vehicle and vehicles directly or indirectly impacted by the lane-changing maneuver (i.e., the followers of the lane-changing vehicle in the target lane after the lane-changing maneuver), this study will focus on the leaders of the lane-changing vehicle in the target lane. Assuming the connectivity between vehicles, we propose a novel approach to implement both Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) for platoon control. The proposed hybrid algorithm will create a forward-moving shockwave, resulting in an additional gap for the lane-changing vehicle. Simulation results indicate the ability of the proposed approach to generate an additional gap for the lane-changing vehicle and consequently, minimizing and potentially eliminating the disruption from the lane-changing maneuver.
CrossTransUnet: A New Computationally Inexpensive Tumor Segmentation Model for Brain MRI

Brain tumors are usually fatal diseases with low life expectancies due to the organs they affect, even if the tumors are benign. Diagnosis and treatment of these tumors are challenging tasks, even for experienced physicians and experts, due to the heterogeneity of tumor cells. In recent years, advances in deep learning (DL) methods have been integrated to aid in the diagnosis, detection, and segmentation of brain neoplasms. However, segmentation is a computationally expensive process, typically based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in the UNet framework. While UNet has shown promising results, new models and developments can be incorporated into the conventional architecture to improve performance. In this research, we propose three new, computationally inexpensive, segmentation networks inspired by Transformers. These networks are designed in a 4-stage deep encoder-decoder structure and implement our new cross-attention model, along with separable convolution layers, to avoid the loss of dimensionality of the activation maps and reduce the computational cost of the models while maintaining high segmentation performance. The new attention model is integrated in different configurations by modifying the transition layers, encoder, and decoder blocks. The proposed networks are evaluated against the classical UNet network, showing that our networks have differences of up to an order of magnitude in the number of training parameters. Additionally, one of the models outperforms UNet, achieving training in significantly less time and with a Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of up to 94%, ensuring high effectiveness in brain tumor segmentation.
Effect of Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning on Perioperative Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Endothelial dysfunction result from inflammation and excessive production of reactive oxygen species as part of the surgical stress response. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) potentially exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, which might stabilise the endothelial function after non-cardiac surgery. This was a single centre randomised clinical trial including 60 patients undergoing sub-acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy due to acute cholecystitis. Patients were randomised to RIPC or control. The RIPC procedure consisted of four cycles of five minutes of ischaemia and reperfusion of one upper extremity. Endothelial function was assessed as the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and circulating biomarkers of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability (L-arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), L-arginine/ADMA ratio, tetra- and dihydrobiopterin (BH4 and BH2), and total plasma biopterin) preoperative, 2–4 h after surgery and 24 h after surgery. RHI did not differ between the groups (p = 0.07). Neither did levels of circulating biomarkers of NO bioavailability change in response to RIPC. L-arginine and L-arginine/ADMA ratio was suppressed preoperatively and increased 24 h after surgery (p < 0.001). The BH4/BH2-ratio had a high preoperative level, decreased 2–4 h after surgery and remained low 24 h after surgery (p = 0.01). RIPC did not influence endothelial function or markers of NO bioavailability until 24 h after sub-acute laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In response to surgery, markers of NO bioavailability increased, and oxidative stress decreased. These findings support that a minimally invasive removal of the inflamed gallbladder countereffects reduced markers of NO bioavailability and increased oxidative stress caused by acute cholecystitis.
The effect of curvature on detonation waves in Type Ia supernovae

The effect of curvature on detonation speed and structure for detonation waves in C–O is investigated. Weakly curved detonation fronts have a sonic point inside the reaction zone. In such waves the detonation speed depends on the detailed internal structure and not on simple jump conditions. Hence, in order to obtain the correct propagation speed and products of burning, the reaction length-scales must be resolved in any numerical simulation involving curved detonations in C–O. For each value of the initial density there is a corresponding extinction curvature above which quasi-steady detonations cannot propagate. For densities less than 2×107 g cm−3, where the self-sustaining planar waves are Chapman–Jouguet, and for realistic values of the curvature, the sonic point moves from the end of silicon burning to the end of oxygen burning. Hence the effective detonation length, i.e. the length-scale of the burning between the shock and the sonic point which can affect the front, is several orders of magnitudes less than the planar waves predict. However, silicon burning, which occurs downstream of the sonic point, is increased in length by a few orders of magnitude owing to lower detonation speeds and temperatures. Therefore more intermediate-mass elements will be produced by incomplete burning if curvature is taken into account. Recent advances in detonation theory and modelling are also discussed in the context of Type Ia supernovae.