Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Modeling of Inﬂuenza A/H1N1 Virus Kinetics and Symptom Dynamics (cid:1)

Inﬂuenza virus kinetics (VK) is used as a surrogate of infectiousness, while the natural history of inﬂuenza is described by symptom dynamics (SD). We used an original virus kinetics/symptom dynamics (VKSD) model to characterize human inﬂuenza virus infection and illness, based on a population approach. We combined structural equations and a statistical model to describe intra- and interindividual variability. The structural equations described inﬂuenza based on the target epithelial cells, the virus, the innate host response, and systemic symptoms. The model was ﬁtted to individual VK and SD data obtained from 44 volunteers experimentally challenged with inﬂuenza A/H1N1 virus. Infection and illness parameters were calculated from best-ﬁtted model estimates. We predicted that the cytokine level and NK cell activity would peak at days 2.2 and 4.2 after inoculation, respectively. Infectiousness, measured as the area under the VK curve above a viral titer threshold, lasted between 7.0 and 1.3 days and was 15 times lower in participants without systemic symptoms than in those with systemic symptoms ( P < 0.001). The latent period, deﬁned as the time between inoculation and infectiousness, varied from 0.7 to 1.9 days. The incubation period, deﬁned as the time from inoculation to ﬁrst symptoms, median infective intranasally and daily for the following or 8 A viral shedding kinetics analysis was taken from each 8 or 9 times. In four studies (48 sample collection took place on day (D0) and then on D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D8; no sample was in ﬁfth study (8 The following symptoms were noted: earache, runny sneezing, breathing difﬁculties, muscle ache, fatigue, headache, a feverish feeling, hoarseness, and chest discomfort. The intensity of each symptom was scored by the patient from 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The symptom data were collected twice a day, at 0800 and 2000 on the same days as the viral titer samples. A systemic symptom score (range, 0 to 12) was constructed by summing the scores for muscle ache, fatigue, headache, and a feverish feeling. We focused on these systemic symptoms as they occurred ﬁrst (8) and adequately delineated the incubation period. In addition, these symptoms are causally related to the cytokine level (20). We also summed all the systemic symptom scores over the entire
Enhancing Mobile Phone Data Privacy using The Cloud

— s the technology is shifting from the desktop/Laptops towards smartphones, more and more organizations are trying to capture this platform to reap the benefit in any way possible. Everyday new applications are being introduced and the older ones are shifting to mobile devices, making it an area of great interest for data thefts and hackers. The proposed architecture tries to solve some privacy and data integrity issues by making sure the data is encrypted using a strong encryption scheme and also that the encryption doesn’t makes the smartphone overburdened. The computation power is taken from the Cloud service providers by offloading the Encryption process partially. Doing this our goal of secure data is achieved without putting an overhead on the smartphone.
UNDERSTANDING OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSIVITY OF MOLECULAR MOTORS ∗

Motor proteins, sometimes referred to as mechanoenzymes , are a group of proteins that maintain a large part of intracellular motion. Being en-zymes , they undergo chemical reactions leading to energy conversion and changes of their conformation. Being mechanodevices , they use the chemical energy to perform mechanical work, leading to the phenomena of motion. Over the past 20 years a series of novel experiments ( e.g. single molecule ob-servations) has been performed to gain the deeper knowledge about chemical states of molecular motors as well as their dynamics in the presence or absence of an external force. At the same time, many theoretical models have been proposed, oﬀering various insights into the nano-world dynamics. They can be divided into three main categories: mechanochemical models, ratchet models and molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that by combining those complementary approaches a deeper understanding of the dynamics and chemistry of the motor proteins can be achieved. As a working example, we choose kinesin — a motor protein responsible for directed transport of organelles and vesicles along microtubule tracts.
CTS-SRAM: Design of Low Power CMOS Transmission Gate and Sleep Transistor based SRAM Cell

In modern technology era, the demand for Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cells has been greatly increased due to its wide variety of applications. Power consumption, speed, read stability and leakage issues are the major design challenges related to SRAM. This paper presents a novel SRAM cell based on Multiple Supply Voltages and non-precharged RBL (MS-N10T) and also shows the comparison of various SRAM cells based on lector, sleep transistors and Transmission gate (TG) to reduce the power consumption when compared to LP10T. The SRAM cell MS-N10T when used in combination of TG and sleep transistors (TGNS-13T) further reduces the power consumption. The analysis further shows that the SRAM, TGNS13T reduces the power consumption approximately by 70-80%. On the Other hand, the LC14T SRAM cell enhances the stability approximately by 80-85%. The major objective of this work is to reduce the power consumption with marginal increase in propagation delay and to improve read stability so as to meet the challenges of advancements in technologies. All the various SRAM architectures are implemented using Cadence 45nm CMOS technology.
Targeting of gliadin peptides, CD8, a/b-TCR, and g/d-TCR to Golgi complexes and vacuoles within celiac disease enterocytes

Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by autodestruction of enterocytes after exposure of genetically susceptible individuals to dietary gluten. To define the transport pathways of proteins involved in the celiac immune response, we wished to determine the subcellular compartments of the intestinal mucosa where wheat gliadin peptides colocalize with receptors of T lymphocytes, includinga/b-TCR, g/d-TCR, and CD8. Semithin and ultrathin frozen section of jejunal biopsies from CD patients and controls were used to perform immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling as well as in situ hybridization experiments. In patients with active CD, we detected gliadin peptides in vacuoles and Golgi complexes of enterocytes. CD8, a/b-TCR, and g/d-TCR were found in vacuoles and Golgi complexes within these gliadin-containing enterocytes in addition to the surface of intraepithelial and mucosal T lymphocytes. In contrast, we observed that the localization of CD4, CD3, T cell-restricted intracellular antigen (TIA), and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) was restricted to lymphocytes in CD patients. We further detected labeling signals for gliadin peptides, CD8, a/b-TCR, and g/d-TCR at the basal membrane of enterocytes that were interdigitated by extensions of lymphocytes. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that CD8 and g/d-TCR were not expressed by CD enterocytes. We conclude that CD8, a/b-TCR, and g/dTCR are targeted to Golgi complexes and vacuoles of small intestinal enterocytes in active CD. The observed process may be involved in the pathogenesis of CD enterocytes. We propose a mechanism for the uptake of CD8, a/b-TCR, and g/d-TCR by the basolateral membrane of small intestinal enterocytes. — Zimmer, K. -P., Naim, H. , Weber, P., Ellis, H. J., Ciclitira. P. J. Targeting of gliadin peptides, CD8, a/bTCR, and g/d-TCR to Golgi complexes and vacuoles within celiac disease enterocytes. FASEB J: 12, 1349– 1357 (1998)
CellsPhenotype of Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Glycolytic Capacity Represent a Metabolic High Mitochondrial Respiration and

Human dendritic cells (DCs) regulate the balance between immunity and tolerance through selective activation by environmental and pathogen-derived triggers. To characterize the rapid changes that occur during this process, we analyzed the underlying metabolic activity across a spectrum of functional DC activation states, from immunogenic to tolerogenic. We found that in contrast to the pronounced proinﬂammatory program of mature DCs, tolerogenic DCs displayed a markedly augmented catabolic pathway, related to oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid metabolism, and glycolysis. Functionally, tolerogenic DCs demonstrated the highest mitochondrial oxidative activity, production of reactive oxygen species, superoxide, and increased spare respiratory capacity. Fur-thermore, assembled, electron transport chain complexes were signiﬁcantly more abundant in tolerogenic DCs. At the level of glycolysis, tolerogenic and mature DCs showed similar glycolytic rates, but glycolytic capacity and reserve were more pronounced in tolerogenic DCs. The enhanced glycolytic reserve and respiratory capacity observed in these DCs were reﬂected in a higher metabolic plasticity to maintain intracellular ATP content. Interestingly, tolerogenic and mature DCs manifested substantially different expression of proteins involved in the fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway, and FAO activity was signiﬁcantly higher in tolerogenic DCs. Inhibition of FAO prevented the function of tolerogenic DCs and partially restored T cell stimulatory capacity, demonstrating their dependence on this pathway. Overall, tolerogenic DCs show metabolic signatures of increased oxidative phosphorylation pro-graming, a shift in redox state, and high plasticity for metabolic adaptation. These observations point to a mechanism for rapid genome-wide reprograming by modulation of underlying Intracellular Biosciences) Fluor 647 Ab Biosciences). status of alloreactive CD4 T cells
Tissue culture as a source of replicates in non-model plants: variation in cold response 2 in Arabidopsis lyrata 3

Whilst genotype – environment interaction is increasingly receiving attention by 33 ecologists and evolutionary biologists, such studies need genetically homogeneous 34 replicates — a challenging hurdle in outcrossing plants. This could potentially be 35 overcome by using tissue culture techniques. However, plants regenerated from tissue 36 culture may show aberrant phenotypes and “somaclonal” variation. Here we examined 37 the somaclonal variation due to tissue culturing using the response to cold treatment 38 of the photosynthetic efficiency (chlorophyll fluorescence measurements for F v /F m , 39 F v ’/F m ’ and (cid:590) PSII , representing maximum efficiency of photosynthesis for dark- and 40 light-adapted leaves, and the actual electron transport operating efficiency, 41 respectively, which are reliable indicators of photoinhibition and damage to the 42 photosynthetic electron transport system). We compared this to variation among half- 43 sibling seedlings from three different families of Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea. 44 Somaclonal variation was limited and we could successfully detect within-family 45 variation in change in chlorophyll fluorescence due to cold shock with the help of 46 tissue-culture derived replicates. Icelandic and Norwegian families exhibited higher 47 chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting higher performance after cold shock, than a 48 Swedish family. Although the main effect of tissue culture on F v /F m , F v ’/F m ’ and (cid:590) PSII 49 was small, there were significant interactions between tissue culture and family, 50 suggesting that the effect of tissue culture is genotype-specific. Tissue-cultured 51 plantlets were less affected by cold treatment than seedlings, but to a different extent 52 in each family. These interactive effects, however, were comparable to, or much 53 smaller than the single effect of family. These results suggest that tissue culture is a 54 useful method for obtaining genetically homogenous replicates for studying genotype environment interaction related to adaptively-relevant phenotypes, such as in
Performance of Comprehensive Risk Adjustment for the Prediction of In-Hospital Events Using Administrative Healthcare Data: The Queralt Indices

Background: Accurate risk adjustment is crucial for healthcare management and benchmarking. Purpose: We aimed to compare the performance of classic comorbidity functions (Charlson ’ s and Elixhauser ’ s), of the All Patients Re ﬁ ned Diagnosis Related Groups (APR-DRG), and of the Queralt Indices, a family of novel, comprehensive comorbidity indices for the prediction of key clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients. Material and Methods: We conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data from 156,459 hospital discharges in Catalonia (Spain) during 2018. Study outcomes were in-hospital death, long hospital stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. We evaluated the performance of the following indices: Charlson ’ s and Elixhauser ’ s functions, Queralt ’ s Index for secondary hospital discharge diagnoses (Queralt DxS), the overall Queralt ’ s Index, which includes pre-existing comorbidities, in-hospital complications, and principal discharge diagnosis (Queralt Dx), and the APR-DRG. Discriminative ability was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), and measures of goodness of ﬁ t were also computed. Subgroup analyses were conducted by principal discharge diagnosis, by age, and type of admission. Results: Queralt DxS provided relevant risk adjustment information in a larger number of patients compared to Charlson ’ s and Elixhauser ’ s functions, and outperformed both for the prediction of the 3 study outcomes. Queralt Dx also outperformed Charlson ’ s and Elixhauser ’ s indices, and yielded superior predictive ability and goodness of ﬁ t compared to APR-DRG (AUC for in-hospital death 0.95 for Queralt Dx, 0.77 – 0.93 for all other indices; for ICU stay 0.84 for Queralt Dx, 0.73 – 0.83 for all other indices). The performance of Queralt DxS was at least as good as that of the APR-DRG in most principal discharge diagnosis subgroups. Conclusion: Our ﬁ ndings suggest that risk adjustment should go beyond pre-existing comorbidities and include principal discharge diagnoses and in-hospital complications. Validation of comprehensive risk adjustment tools such as the Queralt indices in other settings is needed. DxS includes pre-existing comorbidities.
Electrical image subduction zone beneath Japan

We conducted long-period magnetotelluric observations in northeastern Japan from 2010 to 2013 to investigate the three-dimensional electrical resistivity distribution of the subduction zone. Incorporating prior information of the subducting slab into the inversion scheme, we obtained a three-dimensional resistivitymodel in which a vertically continuous conductive zone is imaged from the subducting slab surface to the lower crust beneath the Ou Backbone Range. The conductive body indicates a saline fluid and/or melt pathway from the subducting slab surface to the lower crust. The lower crust conductor is less than 10Ωm, and we estimate a saline fluid and/or melt fraction of at least 0.7 vol.%. Other resistivity profiles in the across-arc direction reveal that the conductive body segregates from the subducting slab surface at 80–100 km depth and takes an overturned form toward the back arc. The head of the conducting body reaches the lower crust just beneath Mt. Gassan, one of the prominent back-arc volcanoes in the system.
A class of Markov processes with non-linear, bounded generators

Moreover, AN is a stochastic generator kernel with parameter (x1,•c•c, xN), that•@ is, AN(x1,•c•c, xN|x, E)=qN(x1,•c•c, xN|x)(ƒÎN(x1,•c•c, xN|x, E)-ƒÂ{x}(E)), where ƒÎN is a probability measure in E with mass 0 on {x}, and qN is non®negative. In a word, A(u) is a stochastic generator kernel bounded by (1.3) and depends multilinearly on a in the sense of (1.2). We solve equation (1.1) by constructing a fundamental solution Pf(t, x, E), which satisfies
Elevated Blood Pressure Linked to Primary Hyperaldosteronism and Impaired Vasodilation in BK Channel–Deficient Mice Hypertension

Background —Abnormally elevated blood pressure is the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The large-conductance, voltage- and Ca 2 (cid:1) -dependent K (cid:1) (BK) channel has been proposed as an important effector in the control of vascular tone by linking membrane depolarization and local increases in cytosolic Ca 2 (cid:1) to hyperpolarizing K (cid:1) outward currents. However, the BK channel may also affect blood pressure by regulating salt and fluid homeostasis, particularly by adjusting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Methods and Results —Here we report that deletion of the pore-forming BK channel (cid:1) subunit leads to a significant blood pressure elevation resulting from hyperaldosteronism accompanied by decreased serum K (cid:1) levels as well as increased vascular tone in small arteries. In smooth muscle from small arteries, deletion of the BK channel leads to a depolarized membrane potential, a complete lack of membrane hyperpolarizing spontaneous K (cid:1) outward currents, and an attenuated cGMP vasorelaxation associated with a reduced suppression of Ca 2 (cid:1) transients by cGMP. The high level of BK channel expression observed in wild-type adrenal glomerulosa cells, together with unaltered serum renin activities and corticotropin levels in mutant mice, suggests that the hyperaldosteronism results from abnormal adrenal cortical function in BK (cid:2) / (cid:2) mice. the scanning microscope (Biorad MRC1000 attached to Nikon Diaphot 300 and equipped with a krypton-argon laser). For peroxidase/DAB detection, 10- (cid:3) m cryosections of WT and BK (cid:2) / (cid:2) adrenal glands were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and incubated with anti- BK (cid:1) (674–1115) . Data analysis was performed with a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope equipped with a Zeiss Axio Cam digital camera.
Engineering Education in Elementary and Secondary Schools Engineering Education in Elementary and Secondary Schools

Abstract Engineering, with its focus on design and problem-solving, is used in K-12 education to promote learning in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). In this special issue, we bring together seven research papers that have examined critical questions in engineering education. These papers collectively examine recent research in K-12 education and address three broad topics: different models for integrating engineering into K-12 curricula, different learning outcomes associated with alternative models of integration and implementation, and ways K-12 students engage in epistemic practices of engineering while learning STEM concepts. Future research needs to address how engineering should be implemented in schools, what and how learning outcomes must be assessed, and how engineering should be taught. Further research in K-12 curriculum, student learning, and teacher education is necessary, as are applications of contemporary research methods to study teaching and learning of engineering concepts and practices in elementary and secondary schools. Abstract Article History Engineering, with its focus on design and problem-solving, is used in K-12 education to promote learning in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). In this special issue, we bring together seven research papers that have examined critical questions in engineering education. These papers collectively examine recent research in K-12 education and address three broad topics: different models for integrating engineering into K-12 curricula, different learning outcomes associated with alternative models of integration and implementation, and ways K-12 students engage in epistemic practices of engineering while learning STEM concepts. Future research needs to address how engineering should be implemented in schools, what and how learning outcomes must be assessed, and how engineering should be taught. Further research in K-12 curriculum, student learning, and teacher education is necessary, as are applications of contemporary research methods to study teaching and learning of engineering concepts and practices in elementary and secondary schools.
Peste Des Petits Ruminants and its Economic Importance

: Peste des petits is a highly acute contagious and infectious viral disease of goats and sheep that is clinically similar to rinderpest and is characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia. It is caused by Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). The objectives of this paper were to review peste des petits ruminants and its economic significance. The disease occurs south of the Sahara desert and north of the equator in Africa, in most of the Middle East and in parts of Asia including much of the Indian subcontinent. Peste des Petits Ruminants is common in Ethiopia and economic losses are due to loss of production, death, abortion and cost of controlling the disease. Diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical, pathological and epizootiological findings. Laboratory confirmation is an absolute requirement, particularly in areas or countries where PPR has not previously been reported. There is no evidence that peste des petits ruminants virus infects humans. There is no specific treatment for PPR; however, drugs that control bacterial and parasitic complications may decrease mortality. Ring vaccination and/or vaccination of high-risk populations can also be helpful. It can be eradicated with a combination of quarantines, movement controls, euthanasia of infected and exposed animals and cleaning and disinfection of infected premises. Farmers/pastoralists should keep newly purchased sheep and goats separate from other animals.
Promotion of Bio-Agrochemicals for the Sustainable Pest Management: A Safe Approach

Synthetic pesticides are being participated a key role in crop protection since last 50 years. In recent years, pesticide negative impact seen in environment and human beings. Therefore, a safe alternate to synthetic pesticides is required. Biopesticides can be the safer alternate to synthetic pesticide. There are many botanicals have been studied which has insecticidal property. Their limited usage is mainly due to certain factors like instability, unavailability, inefficient delivery systems etc. new generation formulation technologies can overcome all these factors and convert them into efficient mode of crop protection agent in near future. There are many biopesticide formulations are available but lot of research is required to uplift these bio-pesticide in society.
Reﬁning Glass Structure

Recently determined atomistic scale structures of near-two dimensional bilayers of vitreoussilica (using scan-ning probe and electron microscopy) allow us to reﬁne the experimentally determined coordinates to incorporate the known local chemistry more precisely. Further reﬁnement is achieved by using classical potentials of varying complexity; one using harmonic potentials and the second employing an electrostatic description incorporating polarization effects. These are benchmarked against density functional calculations. Our main ﬁndings are that (a) there is a symmetry plane between the two disordered layers; a nice example of an emergent phenomena, (b) the layers are slightly tilted so that the Si-O-Si angle between the two layers is not 180 ◦ as originally thought but rather 175 ± 2 ◦ and (c) while interior areas that are not completely imagined can be reliably reconstructed, surface areas are more problematical. It is shown that small crystallites that appear are just as expected statistically in a continuous random network. This provides a good example of the value that can be added to disordered structures imaged at the atomic level by implementing computer reﬁnement.