Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE REMEDIAÇÃO DO TIPO “PUMP AND TREAT” COM O USO DE MGO (MODULAR GROUNDWATER OPTIMIZER) – APLICAÇÃO NO CASO DO ATERRO VOLTA GRANDE EM VOLTA REDONDA – RJ

A aplicacao de modelos matematicos para simulacao de situacoes reais e hipoteticas (futuras) de fluxo da agua subterrânea e de transportes de contaminantes tem sido amplamente utilizada para tomada de decisoes estrategicas quanto ao tipo de tecnologia e arranjos de sistemas de remediacao em areas contaminadas. Associado a esses simuladores de fluxo e transporte e que se insere o “Modular Groundwater Optimizer”, ou simplesmente MGO, desenvolvido por ZHENG e WANG (2002) com a cooperacao da Groundwater Systems Research Ltd. O MGO e um codigo de otimizacao em simulacoes com fluxo de agua subterrânea que pode ser utilizado para reducao de custos associados com a instalacao e operacao de sistemas de bombeamento de agua subterrânea contaminada. Com a necessidade de reavaliacao de sistema de bombeamento existente no Aterro Volta Grande, no municipio de Volta Redonda (RJ), sugeriu-se a aplicacao do codigo MGO, para verificar e propor formas de otimizacao do sistema em operacao. A estrategia para minimizar o custo de operacao do sistema identificou uma alternativa de solucao ideal que atingiria os objetivos de remediacao em 8,5 anos de operacao e reduziria em cerca de R$ 1 milhao quando comparada com a escolha atualmente implementada.
Functional heterogeneity of the UpaH autotransporter protein from 1 uropathogenic Escherichia coli 2

(UTI). To cause UTI, UPEC must adhere to epithelial cells of the urinary tract and overcome the 25 shear flow forces of urine. This function is primarily mediated by fimbrial adhesins, which mediate 26 specific attachment to host cell receptors. Another group of adhesins that contribute to UPEC- 27 mediated UTI are autotransporter (AT) proteins. AT proteins possess a range of virulence properties 28 such as adherence, aggregation, invasion and biofilm formation. One recently characterized AT 29 protein of UPEC is UpaH, a large AIDA-I type AT protein that contributes to biofilm formation and 30 bladder colonization. In this study, we have characterized a series of naturally occurring variants of 31 UpaH. We demonstrate that extensive sequence variation exists within the passenger-encoding 32 domain of UpaH variants from different UPEC strains. This sequence variation is associated with 33 functional heterogeneity with respect to the ability of UpaH to mediate biofilm formation. In 34 contrast, all of the UpaH variants examined retained a conserved ability to mediate binding to 35 extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of the UpaH passenger domain 36 identified a conserved region (UpaH CR ) and hydrophobic region (UpaH HR ). Deletion of these 37 domains reduced biofilm formation but not binding to ECM proteins. Despite variation in upaH 38 sequence, the transcription of upaH was repressed by a conserved mechanism involving the global 39 regulator H-NS, and mutation of the hns gene relieved this repression. Overall, our findings shed 40 new light on the regulation and function of the UpaH AT protein. 41 in upaH different isolates identified the global regulator H-NS as a repressor. hns gene we in multiple UPEC backgrounds. we we show This variation results but bind extra proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of the UpaH passenger domain also identified conserved and regions, and we show that these regions contribute to biofilm formation. upaH promoter UPEC
Surface Ocean Mixing Inferred from Different Multisatellite Altimetry Measurements

Abstract Two sea surface height (SSH) anomaly fields distributed by Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) Altimetry are evaluated in terms of the effects that they produce on mixing. One SSH anomaly field, tagged REF, is constructed using measurements made by two satellite altimeters; the other SSH anomaly field, tagged UPD, is constructed using measurements made by up to four satellite altimeters. Advection is supplied by surface geostrophic currents derived from the total SSH fields resulting from the addition of these SSH anomaly fields to a mean SSH field. Emphasis is placed on the extraction from the currents of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), which, acting as skeletons for patterns formed by passively advected tracers, entirely control mixing. The diagnostic tool employed to detect LCSs is provided by the computation of finite-time Lyapunov exponents. It is found that currents inferred using UPD SSH anomalies support mixing with characteristics similar t.
Age‐depth relationships and depth anomalies in the southeast Indian Ocean and south Atlantic Ocean

The distributions of crustal depths as a function of their age have been analyzed for the Southeast Indian Ocean and South Atlantic regions. Average depth, sediment thickness, and age data, compiled and digitized for 1°×1° areas, are used to establish the relationships of adjusted crustal depths to crustal age and to map the planform of residual depth anomalies as referred to a new global, empirical standard. Both the Southeast Indian Ocean and the South Atlantic are characterized by systematic, intermediate wavelength (∼500–1500 km) depth anomalies that serve to define “tectonic corridors” trending parallel to spreading directions. The exact boundaries of these corridors have not yet been determined. Within each corridor, crustal depth increases linearly with age½ as predicted by simple cooling models. The crustal subsidence curves can vary significantly from corridor to corridor and with regard to the adopted global standard. Furthermore, the presence of asymmetric subsidence of oceanic crust within certain corridors is not in accord with the conventionally accepted theory describing crustal depth as a function of crustal age. Corridors exhibiting asymmetries coexist adjacent to corridors exhibiting no asymmetries, thus indicating that the mechanisms controlling these depth distributions can change fairly abruptly along strike of the midocean ridge. A qualitative model is presented that indicates that very small regional differences in the density of the asthenosphere (of the order of ±0.01 g/cm3) can give rise to ∓15% differences in the isostatically controlled equilibrium depth of the top of the lithosphere. Such density differences could easily exist if lateral variations of ∼100°C persisted in the upper asthenosphere. Since the lithosphere is generally perceived as a thermal boundary layer, this is equivalent to predicting small but systematic differences in the thickness of the lithosphere and hence the depth to the top of the lithosphere. An alternative dynamic model involving small-scale convection (e.g., Buck and Parmentier, 1986) can also account for the observed depth-age relationships. Both of the above explanations imply the existence of lateral temperature variations in the upper asthenosphere.
Resubmission 3 1 EFFECTS OF MODEST IRON LOADING ON IRON INDICES IN HEALTHY 2 INDIVIDUALS 3

Intravenous (iv) iron administration is typically indicated in individuals who have iron 35 deficiency refractory to oral iron. However, in certain chronic disease states, such as heart 36 failure, it may be beneficial to administer iv iron to individuals who are not strictly iron 37 deficient. The purpose of this study was to define a dose-response relationship between 38 clinical indices of iron status and modest loading with iv iron in healthy, iron-replete 39 participants. This was a double-blind, controlled study involving 18 male participants. 40 Participants were block randomised 2:1 to the iron and saline (control) groups. Participants in 41 the iron group received 3.75 mg/kg body weight up to a maximum of 250 mg of iv iron, once 42 a month for six months, provided that their ferritin remained measured within the week 43 before a dose was due < 300 µg/L and their transferrin saturation remained < 45%. Otherwise 44 they received a saline infusion, as did the control participants. Iron indices were measured 45 monthly during the study. The pulmonary vascular response to sustained hypoxia and total 46 hemoglobin mass were measured before, at three months (hemoglobin mass only) and at six 47 months, as variables that may be affected by iron loading. Serum ferritin was robustly 48 elevated by iv iron by 0.21 µg/L/mg of iron delivered (95% CI: 0.15-0.26 µg/L/mg), but the 49 effects on all other iron indices did not reach statistical significance. The pulmonary vascular 50 response to sustained hypoxia was significantly suppressed by iron loading at six months, but 51 the hemoglobin mass was unaffected. We conclude that the robust effect on ferritin provides 52 a quantitative measure for the degree of iron loading in iron-replete individuals.
Validation of Real-Time 3d Echocardiography Left Ventricular Volume-Time Curves with Cardiac MRI and Clinical Utilization of Emptying and Filling Rates

Echocardiographic assessment of Left Ventricular (LV) function, both systolic and diastolic, is important for the management of patients but is currently limited. Systolic function is derived by providing a global number (Ejection Fraction (EF)) based on single or bi-plane slices, and diastolic function is assessed by sampling small volumes (tissue Doppler) or single thin slices (2D strain). Real time transthoracic 3D echocardiography, may overcome 2D limitations by imaging the entire volume of the left ventricle and providing volumetric data rather than single plane or sample area data. 3D volumetric data has the potential to assess ventricular function using novel systolic and diastolic performance parameters. 3D datasets can be used to generate change in global LV volume over time curves which have the potential to elucidate aspects of contractility, systolic function, and diastolic function in normal and disease states. Analysis of these volume-time curves includes deriving: peak systolic emptying rates (ml/s), peak diastolic filling rates (ml/s), and peak systolic acceleration (ml/s2) (Figure 1).
Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Systemic In ammatory Response in Patients with Stage II/III Gastric Cancer

Kenji Kuroda Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Takahiro Toyokawa (  t-toyokawa@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp ) Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Yuichiro Miki Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Mami Yoshii Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Tatsuro Tamura Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Hiroaki Tanaka Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Shigeru Lee Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Kazuya Muguruma Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Masakazu Yashiro Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Masaichi Ohira Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
The Origin of Metazoan Complexity: Porifera as Integrated Animals

SYNOPSIS. Sponges [Porifera] are the phylogenetically oldest metazoan phylum still extant today; they share the closest relationship with the hypothetical common metazoan ancestor, the Urmetazoa. During the past 8 years cDNAs coding for proteins involved in cell-cell-and cell-tissue interaction have been cloned from sponges, primarily from Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium and their functions have been studied in vivo as well as in vitro. Also, characteristic elements of the extracellular matrix have been identified and cloned. Those data confirmed that all metazoan phyla originate from one ancestor, the Urmetazoa. The existence of cell adhesion molecules allowed the emergence of a colonial organism. However, for the next higher stage in evolution, individuation, two further innovations had to be formed: the immune-and the apoptotic system. Major defense pathways/molecules to prevent adverse effects against microbes/parasites have been identified in sponges. Furthermore, key molecules of the apoptotic pathway(s), e.g., the pro-apoptotic molecule comprising two death domains, the executing enzyme caspases, as well as the anti-apo-ptotic/cell survival proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family have been identified and cloned from sponges. Based on these results—primarily obtained through a molecular biological approach—it is concluded that cell-cell-and cell-matrix adhesion systems were required for the transition to a colonial stage of organization, while the development of an immune system as well as of apoptotic processes were prerequisites for reaching the integrated stage. As the latter stage already exists in sponges, it is therefore likely that the hypothetical ancestor, the Urmetazoa, was also an ''integrated colony. '' INTRODUCTION The origin of Metazoa is to some extent still enigmatic despite the progress that has been achieved in the last years by molecular studies. The evolution of the Metazoa from unicellular/colonial organisms occurred some 1,300–600 Myr ago in the pre-Ediacaran period (Conway Morris, 1998). Morphological contributions to understanding of the transitional stages to the Metazoa suggest a colonial origin of Metazoa (see Dewel, 2000). This view implies that, based on the Beklemishev's cycles of duplication and individuation (Beklemishev, 1969), after duplication of an individual and the formation of a colony this entity has to undergo individuation again. It has been pointed out that two such cycles were necessary in early evolution for the emergence of Metazoa: first the transition to mul-ticellular organisms, with the sponge grade of organization , and second the change to the modularized ancestor of the Bilateria (Dewel, 2000). Recent phylogenies based on rDNA have suggested, that the Metazoa are …
Field Survey and Monitoring of Potato Tuber Moth ( Phthorimaea operculella )(Zeller)(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is a major pest of stored potato. Field survey was conducted to know the effect of this pest on potato production and storage under farmers' conditions in the Kathmandu valley and remote district Rolpa during 2005. Ninety farmers (40 in the Kathmandu valley and 50 in Rolpa) were interviewed in semi-structured questionnaires and PTM was also monitored using sex pheromone. Survey and monitoring revealed that PTM (insect pest) and late blight (disease) were the major problems of potato crop in both the areas. Maximum of 69 moths per week were collected in one set of pheromone trap in Kathmandu and 76 moths trapped within five days of trap setting in Rolpa. That was the first record, authentic evidence to clarify farmers’ confusion in Rolpa district about the presence of P. operculella in potato growing areas. In the Kathmandu valley, 95% of respondent farmers were aware of this pest and 80% farmers relied on chemical pesticides to manage P. operculella on stored potato. However, only 4% of the respondent farmers in Rolpa were aware of this pest. Therefore, its management is necessary for healthy potato production in the field and storage under farmers’ conditions in Nepal. Key words : Phthorimaea operculella , field survey and monitoring J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:157-160 (2006)
Surveying the citizen science landscape

Citizen science has seen enormous growth in recent years, in part due to the influence of the Internet, and a corresponding growth in interest. However, the few stand-out examples that have received attention from media and researchers are not representative of the diversity of the field as a whole, and therefore may not be the best models for those seeking to study or start a citizen science project. In this work, we present the results of a survey of citizen science project leaders, identifying sub-groups of project types according to a variety of features related to project design and management, including funding sources, goals, participant activities, data quality processes, and social interaction. These combined features highlight the diversity of citizen science, providing an overview of the breadth of the phenomenon and laying a foundation for comparison between citizen science projects and to other online communities.
Perspectives on 40Ar/39Ar dating

Abstract Isotopic dating of geological samples using the K/Ar method and its variant, the 40Ar/39Ar dating technique, provides ages that in favourable circumstances are precise and accurate to within 1%. Limiting factors include the accuracy of the decay constants for 40K and the age of neutron fluence monitor minerals. For rapidly cooled igneous rocks, a K/Ar or 40Ar/39Ar age normally will give a good estimate of the age of eruption, but for slowly cooled igneous rocks or metamorphic rocks an age measured on a sample is likely to be a cooling age. As 40Ar*/39ArK ratios can now be determined often to better than 0.1%, the main limitation on accuracy relates to how well the 40K decay constants are known. Better determination of the β− and γ decays of 40K, the basis for the decay constants, is suggested at the present time, rather than adoption of new decay constants linked to another decay scheme. Until improved independently measured decay constants for 40K become available, there may be some circumstances where the newly proposed decay constants need to be used, especially when comparing ages on volcanic igneous rocks with those measured in another system.
Reflected and locally wind‐forced interannual equatorial Kelvin waves in the western Pacific Ocean

[1] Evaluating long equatorial wave reflections at the Pacific western boundary has been a concern for many past studies in order to discuss whether the delayed action oscillator mechanism may indeed be at work to terminate El Nino events. In the present study, we investigate the respective contributions of Rossby wave reflection and wind forcing in the generation of interannual long equatorial Kelvin waves in the western Pacific Ocean using satellite data over the 1993–2001 period. The reflection efficiency of the western Pacific boundary (east of 165°E) is found to be about 80–90% of a perfect wall at interannual timescales. This result would suggest that the delayed action oscillator mechanism is indeed at work during that period. However, the wind contribution increases significantly from 145°E to 175°E and actually represents more than 80% of the Kelvin wave variance at 175°E. As a conclusion, although Rossby wave reflection is efficient and sufficient to theoretically terminate an El Nino event, easterly wind anomalies in the western Pacific during the mature phase of the 1997–1998 event mostly contribute to the upwelling Kelvin signal involved in the termination of the event confirming previous studies mainly based on other methods. If such a mechanism were found to be at work during other El Nino events, then the negative feedback mechanism of the delayed action oscillator mechanism would be a combination of easterly wind anomalies and wave reflection with a significant role played by easterly wind anomalies. Our result may support some aspects of the western Pacific oscillator paradigm.
Evolution and management of the North American grassland herpetofauna

—The modern North American grassland herpetofauna has evolved in situ since the Miocene. Pleistocene glaciation had a minimal effect except in the far North, with only minor displacements of some species. South of the glaciers, winters were warmer and summers cooler than at present. Snakelike reptiles, leaping frogs, and turtle “tanks” are favored adaptive types in uniform dense grassland. A typical fauna consists of about 10-15 species, mostly snakes. Special habitat components, such as streams and ponds, bare ground, sand, trees, prairie dog towns, and rocky outcrops, add distinct suites of species. There is also an increase in species number from north to south and west to east. Grassland use and management, such as prairie dog control, off-road vehicle traffic, and brush removal, have demonstrable effects on the herpetofauna. However, the effects of three of the most widespread management procedures—water development, grazing, and fire—are largely unstudied. Although highly fragmented, the majority of species of grassland reptiles and amphibians are widespread and populations are resilient, but there are special conservation problems associated with Pleistocene relicts with limited distributions. 1 Project Leader, National Biological Service, Calif. Science Center, Piedras Blancas Field Station, San Simeon, CA.
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in incipient Alzheimer disease.

BACKGROUND We used a sensitive and specific beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) assay to determine the relationship between BACE1 activity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and markers of APP metabolism and axonal degeneration in early and late stages of Alzheimer disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To assess CSF BACE1 activity in AD. DESIGN Case-control and longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING Specialized memory clinic. Patients Eighty-seven subjects with AD, 33 cognitively normal control subjects, and 113 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), who were followed up for 3 to 6 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cerebrospinal fluid BACE1 activity in relation to diagnosis and CSF levels of secreted APP and amyloid beta protein (Abeta) isoforms and the axonal degeneration marker total tau. RESULTS Subjects with AD had higher CSF BACE1 activity (median, 30 pM [range, 11-96 pM]) than controls (median, 23 pM [range, 8-43 pM]) (P =.02). Subjects with MCI who progressed to AD during the follow-up period had higher baseline BACE1 activity (median, 35 pM [range, 18-71 pM]) than subjects with MCI who remained stable (median, 29 pM [range, 14-83 pM]) (P < .001) and subjects with MCI who developed other forms of dementia (median, 20 pM [range, 10-56 pM]) (P <.001). BACE1 activity correlated positively with CSF levels of secreted APP isoforms and Abeta(40) in the AD and control groups and in all MCI subgroups (P < .05) except the MCI subgroup that developed AD. Strong positive correlations were found between CSF BACE1 activity and total tau levels in all MCI subgroups (r >or= 0.57, P <or= .009). CONCLUSION Elevated BACE1 activity may contribute to the amyloidogenic process in sporadic AD and is associated with the intensity of axonal degeneration.
Issues in Simulating the Annual Precipitation of a Semiarid Region in Central Spain

Abstract Running regional climate models at a high resolution may improve their ability to simulate regional precipitation patterns, making them suitable for studying the impact of human-induced land-cover changes on hydrometeorology. The performance of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) run in the high-resolution climate mode (4-km grid mesh) has been tested over a small domain in a semiarid region in central Spain. Three 1-yr simulations representing dry, intermediate, and wet conditions were compared to observations collected in 35 rain gauges. The model captured general spatiotemporal features of precipitation, such as the timing of precipitation events and approximate location of storms. A high correlation (0.82) between monthly domain-averaged observed and modeled precipitation was obtained. However, the model had a systematic dry bias, averaging −0.29 mm day−1, equivalent to 26% of annual rainfall. The small domain size, chosen because of computational limits, induced strong lateral bo.