Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of transforming growth factor-beta 3 in pregnant human myometrium.

BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta 3 is a cytokine which is involved in cell growth regulation and differentiation, stimulation of extracellular matrix and modulation of immune responses. The goal of this study was to detect the presence of this cytokine in the myometrium of preterm and term, nonlaboring and laboring patients, and to measure serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6 and IL-8 before cesarean section. METHODS In this prospective study, we obtained samples of myometrium from the lower uterine segment during elective and emergency cesarean sections (term non-laboring, n=8; term laboring, n=7; preterm non-laboring, n=3; and preterm laboring, n=19) and stained for transforming growth factor-beta 3. Blood was also sampled from the same patients to determine IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 levels. RESULTS Different intensities of staining were detected in preterm laboring, term nonlaboring and term laboring groups, but there was no staining in preterm nonlaboring group. We also found a statistically significant difference in IL-6 levels between laboring and nonlaboring groups (p=0.028). CONCLUSION Different intensities of TGF-beta 3 which appeared in different stages of myometrium made us consider that TGF-beta 3 might prepare myometrium to labor, and IL-6 was more important than the other interleukins in initiation of labor.
II. The Protracted Maintenance of Differentiation of Fetal and Newborn Mouse Liver in Vitro

The circumfusion system is a complex in vitro pumping unit incorporating 12 multipurpose culture chambers through which a serum-supplemented fluid nutrient is rccirculatcd at a rate of 4.5 ml/min per chamber. This system was used to study the diffcrcntiative responses of fetal and newborn mousc liver cxplants placed in the serum-free environment formed betwccn thc shccts of unperforatcd cellophane and cover glasses of the chambers. Hepatocytes (parenchymal cells) were discernible in 3-5 days. They retained many of their features of differentiation in the circumfusion system for more than 120 days of cultivation. The living morphological characteristics of the hepatocytes wcrc studied by phase-contrast microscopy (direct viewing and time-lapse cincmicrography) and by special cytochcmical staining. Elcctron micrographs were made of both fresh liver specimens and the culturcd cells. Comparisons of the cultured parenchymal cells with their in vivo progenitors showed a rcmarkab! e preservation of their differentiated state. I N T R O D U C T I O N The circumfusion system 1 (36) was recently described as a self-contained tissue culture device which supports 12 intcrconnecting multipurpose culture chambers (32). Briefly, all chambers of the system are connected to two reservoir bottles by two 30 inch lengths of Tcflon spaghctti tubing. In this way, the chambers receive a flowing supply of fluid nutricnt from a common repository (the 1A 16 mm motion picture film describing the circumfusion system and showing the results obtained with it is available from the film libraries of the Tissue Culture Association, Pasadena Foundation for Medical Research, Pasadena, Ca]if. 91101, or the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D. C. 20305. positive-pressure reservoir bottle) at a rate of 4.5 ml/min per chamber. Rapid recirculation is regulated by a peristaltic pump which moves the nutrient (400 ml total volume per systeni} through two polyvinyl chloride tubes from the taegativepressure reservoir bottle to the positive-pressure reservoir bottle at a rate of 54 ml/min. The negative-pressure bottle receives 4.5 ml/min from each of the 12 chambers; this completes the circulation pattern. The Teflon tubing and the polyvinyl chloride tubing are gas permeable. Since the oxygen tension of the atmosphere is higher than that of the nutrient, an ingression of oxygen occurs through the tubing so that the nutrient entering each chamber is oxygen satu430 on April 30, 2019 jcb.rupress. org Downloaded from http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.39. 2.430 Published Online: 1 November, 1968 | Supp Info:
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating for the dacite of the Sangxiu Formation in the central segment of Tethyan Himalaya and its implications

Petrology and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon chronology are reported for the dacite of the Sangxiu Formation in the central segment of Tethyan Himalaya to the southeast of Yangzuoyong Co. Twenty-one measured zircon grains from a dacite sample of the Sangxiu Formation can be divided into two groups, which include long columnar magmatic zircons of 133±3.0 Ma, representing the age of volcanism in the Sangxiu Formation, and inherited zircons consisting of core and overgrowth rim, in which ages of the three cores are 2244±16, 1153±33 and 492±25 Ma respectively; and the age of one overgrowth rim is 132.7±5.2 Ma. These ages are considered to represent the remelting of accretionary crust at different periods resulting from the volcanism of Sangxiu Formation. These volcanic rocks in the Sangxiu Formation, for which age is close to that of Bunbury basalt in southwestern margin of Australia, and older than that of Rajmahal basalt in northeastern India, maybe considered as the products of early activity of the hotspot represented by the Rajmahal basalt.
Endogenous Bax Translocation in Sh-sy5y Human Neuroblastoma Cells and Cerebellar Granule Neurons Undergoing Apoptosis

Changes at the mitochondria are an early, required step in apoptosis in various cell types. We used western blot analysis to demonstrate that the proapop-totic protein Bax translocated from the cytosolic to the mitochondrial fraction in SH-SY5Y human neuroblas-toma cells undergoing staurosporine-or EGTA-mediated apoptosis. Levels of mitochondrial Bax increased 15 min after staurosporine treatment. In EGTA-treated cells, increased levels of mitochondrial Bax were seen at 4 h, consistent with a slower onset of apoptosis in EGTA versus staurosporine treatments. We also demonstrate the concomitant translocation of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial to the cytosolic fractions. We correlated these translocations with changes in caspase-3-like activity. An increase in caspase-3-like activity was evident 2 h after staurosporine treatment. Inhibition of the mito-chondrial permeability transition had no effect on Bax translocation or caspase-3-like activity in staurosporine-treated SH-SY5Y cells. In primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons undergoing low K ϩ-mediated apoptosis, Bax translocation to the mitochondrial fraction was evident at 3 h. Cytochrome c release into the cytosol was not significant until 8 h after treatment. These data support a model of apoptosis in which Bax acts directly at the mitochondria to allow the release of cytochrome c. Key Words: Apoptosis—Cerebellar granule neuron— SH-SY5Y cells—Bax—Cytochrome c. Apoptosis is physiologically essential for the elimination of excess neurons during nervous system matura-tion. The triggering of unregulated apoptosis has been implicated in the development of several clinically important adult neuropathologies, including cerebral isch-A growing body of evidence implicates changes at the mitochondria, particularly the release of cytochrome c, as an early required step in the onset of apoptosis (Kluck et al., 1997; Yang et al., 1997; Green and Kroemer, 1998). Cytochrome c released from mitochondria is a necessary cofactor for activation of caspase-3-like pro-teases (Liu et al., 1996). The cytosolic partner of cyto-chrome c in the apoptotic cascade has recently been identified as apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) (Li et al., 1997; Zou et al., 1997). Apaf-1 and cytochrome c, along with dATP, activate caspase-9. Activated caspase-9 mediates cleavage of pro-caspase-3 to active caspase-3 (Li et al., 1997; Zou et al., 1997), one of the principal proteases in mammalian apoptosis (Thorn-berry et al., 1992; Tewari et al., 1995). The mechanism by which cytochrome c is released from the mitochon-dria is unclear, but evidence is emerging supporting two main hypotheses: (a) release via the mitochondrial per-meability transition (MPT) pore or (b) release due to insertion and channel formation at …
Anesthetic Management of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest for Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping

This article will briefly review the rationale for DHCA in the setting of cerebral aneurysm treatment. We will then use the main aspects of the protocol practiced by the senior author (WLY), as a point of departure to review the issues regarding anesthetic and perioperative management. Rationale The ability to temporarily eliminate or reduce blood flow into an aneurysm gives the surgeon an important advantage—without flow, an aneurysm is converted from a hard, pulsating mass into a soft, collapsed sac, allowing more aggressive manipulation of the aneurysm to complete its dissection. With most aneurysms, temporary occlusion of the proximal parent artery or arteries will effectively control blood flow into the lesion. With large or complex aneurysms, the aneurysm mass may prevent optimal visualization and clip application to the neck. Collapse of the aneurysm mass creates more working space for dissection and precise clip application. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is used for aneurysms that cannot be adequately controlled by conventional surgical or endovascular techniques. Aneurysms in the anterior circulation are, in general, accessible enough to be managed with temporary clipping. Aneurysms that defy conventional treatment are typically in the posterior circulation and large (10 –25 mm in diameter) or giant (25 mm in diameter) in size. 11 Often these aneurysms cannot be collapsed easily because of the breadth of the neck, the complexity of the arterial branches at the base, the presence of thrombus or endovascular coils in the lumen, artheroma or calcium in the walls, and fusiform configuration. These anatomic features make direct clipping more difficult and lower the efficacy of conventional techniques. The surgeon’s ability to manage these anatomic factors is directly related to operative exposure. When proximal and distal arteries are inaccessible with these complex aneurysms, DHCA may provide the only safe and effective means of vascular control. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest should be considered an option of last resort for these unusual aneurysms, when all conventional techniques have failed or have been carefully considered. Rarely, DHCA has also been proposed or described for other central nervous system lesions, such as tumors 8 or arteriovenous malformations, 12 but this discussion is not
Surface Properties of Bacillus Calmette-gui~rin- Activated Mouse Macrophages Reduced Expression of Mannose-specific Endocytosis, Fc Receptors, and Antigen F4/80 Accompanies Induction of Ia*

After infection with bacillus Calmette-Gu6rin (BCG) 1 the host may acquire immunity to specific secondary challenge, protection against unrelated virulent organisms such as Listeria monocytogenes, and increased resistance to transplantable tumors (1-3). Macrophages from such animals spread rapidly in culture, secrete high levels of H202 (4) and plasminogen activator (PA) (5) when stimulated further, and display an enhanced capacity to kill microorganisms and tumor cells (6, 7). Although macrophages obtained from mice after intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate broth also show increased spreading and secretion of PA compared with resident cells from untreated animals, the cells elicited by this inflammatory stimulus do not exhibit microbicidal or tumoricidal activity and do not release substantial levels of H202 (6). Very little is known about the role of surface molecules of the BCG-activated macrophage in recognition of organisms and other cells and in control of the secretory activity of the macrophage. Recently, several specific receptors and antigens have been defined on macrophages including a lectin-like receptor that mediates endocy-tosis of mannose-or fucose-terminal glycoproteins (M,FR) (8), an Fc receptor (9) which binds and internalizes certain classes of immunoglobulin (FcR), and F4/80, an antigenic marker for the mature mouse macrophage. 2 In addition, macrophages can be induced to express Ia antigens by various infectious and other stimuli (10, 11). Specific ligands and monoclonal antibodies are therefore available to study the effects of cell activation on expression of these plasma membrane determinants. We report here that intraperitoneal infection with live BCG organisms yields a population of macrophages, activated by conventional criteria, which differs strikingly in its surface properties when compared with thioglycollate-elicited and resident ceils. Expression of the endocytic receptors and of F4/80 is markedly reduced in BCG
Transición de la fuerza laboral femenina: un estudio a nivel regional en España

In this work, we analyze the duration of unemployment spells for married women by using I.N. E. ( Instituto Nacional de Estadistica - The Spanish Institute for Statistics) panel data. We go deeply into the study of factors which affect the transition probabilities. For comparison purposes, we proceed by separately analyzing several Spanish regions. A discrete - time duration model is fitted to the data for this goal.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK, PENGETAHUAN, DAN SIKAP, DENGAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGGUNAAN ANTI NYAMUK DI KELURAHAN KUTOWINANGUN

Abstract. There are various selections of household insecticides in the community. So far socialization on appropriate method of using household insecticide has never been undertaken. The majority of heterogenous community of Kutowinangun village have the habit of using household insecticide. Based on this condition the problem of the study is how community behaves in relation to the use of household insecticide. The aim of study was to describe community behavior include knowledge, attitude and their practice in the use of household insecticide . The study used descriptive analytical. method to identify community behavior was done by closed questionnaire. Population of the study were community of Kutowinangun village, Salatiga Municipality whereas samples were taken using quota sampling technique. Information on community behavior was obtained quantitatively and qualitatively. Out of 100 respondents, only 72 respondents that use of mosquito repellent. Users of aerosol insecticides were 28%, repellent insecticide 8%, Mosquito coils were 36% and electric mat insecticide were 42%. Knowledge of respondents was 62% is adequate; but only 36% had supportive attitude toward the use of mosquito repellent. Users of household insecticides sometimes read the label of mosquito repellent package (58 %) at the frequency of spray once a day (36.3%). Most of them did not wash their hand after using household insecticide (54%), and they were kept insecticide on the floor (> 40%). Knowledge and attitudes influence people's behavior with a p value 40%). Pengetahuan dan Sikap berpengaruh terhadap perilaku masyarakat dengan p value < 0.05. Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Sikap, Praktik, insektisida rumah tangga
Until proven otherwise, 5% spinal procaine is not neurotoxic.

To the Editor:—We read with interest the article by Johnson and Swanson on procaine neurotoxicity, and are interested in why they decided to use undiluted 10% procaine instead of 5% procaine prepared with 10% procaine and equal volumes of either 10% glucose or cerebral spinal fluid. When the first report of transient radicular irritation with spinal anesthesia using 5% lidocaine appeared, our department decided to change to the routine use of 10% procaine for spinal anesthesia. We decided to use a 5% concentration as advocated by Winnie in his use of procaine for differential spinals in 1978. The statement that recent anesthesia texts do not recommend using a maximum concentration of 5% procaine is incorrect. Two anesthesia texts from our library either stated that spinal procaine should not be injected in concentrations exceeding 5%, or that spinal procaine in a strength of 5% or less is not irritating to nervous tissue and meninges. The recommendation to use 5% procaine is not referenced in these texts, but may have come from papers published in the 1930s that described neurotoxicity with 10% spinal procaine. It is true that there are no current studies available describing the neurotoxicity of spinal procaine, although it has been stated that “local anesthetics all have the potential to be neurotoxic particularly in concentrations and doses larger than those used clinically. ” It appears that 10% spinal procaine may have that potential and should not be used for spinal anesthesia. We still feel that 5% spinal procaine remains a viable alternative to lidocaine, because there is no evidence at present that it is neurotoxic. Mark S. Shulman, M.D.,* Gary T. Robelen, M.D. *Caritas St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. mark.shulman@ caritaschristi.org
A R T I C L E I N F O

Specificity protein 1-zinc finger protein 179 pathway is involved in the attenuation of oxidative stress following brain injury Keywords: Zinc finger protein 179 Specificity protein 1 Reactive oxygen species Traumatic brain injury Nerve growth factor A B S T R A C T After sudden traumatic brain injuries, secondary injuries may occur during the following days or weeks, which leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since ROS exacerbate brain damage, it is important to protect neurons against their activity. Zinc finger protein 179 (Znf179) was shown to act as a neuroprotective factor, but the regulation of gene expression under oxidative stress remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated an increase in Znf179 protein levels in both in vitro model of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2)-induced ROS accumulation and animal models of traumatic brain injury. Additionally, we examined the sub-cellular localization of Znf179, and demonstrated that oxidative stress increases Znf179 nuclear shuttling and its interaction with specificity protein 1 (Sp1). Subsequently, the positive autoregulation of Znf179 expression, which is Sp1-dependent, was further demonstrated using luciferase reporter assay and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Znf179-expressing cells and transgenic mice. The upregulation of Sp1 transcriptional activity induced by the treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) led to an increase in Znf179 levels, which further protected cells against H 2 O 2-induced damage. However, Sp1 inhibitor, mithramycin A, was shown to inhibit NGF effects, leading to a decrease in Znf179 expression and lower cellular protection. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study show that Znf179 autoregulation through Sp1-dependent mechanism plays an important role in neuroprotection, and NGF-induced Sp1 signaling may help attenuate more extensive (ROS-induced) damage following brain injury.
Se p 20 06 Thermal D-Brane Boundary States from Green-Schwarz Superstrings

In this paper we thermalize the type II superstrings in the GS formulation by applying the TFD formalism. The thermal boundary conditions on the thermal Hilbert space are obtained from the BPS D-brane boundary conditions at zero temperature. We show that thermal boundary states can be obtained by thermalization from the BPS D-branes at zero temperature. These new states can be interpreted as thermal D-branes. Next, we discuss the supersymmetry breaking of the thermal string in the TFD approach. We identify the broken supersymmetry with the ǫ-transformation while the η-transformation is preserved. Also, we compute the thermal partition function and the entropy of the thermal string.
Holocene sea surface conditions in the western North Atlantic: Spatial and temporal heterogeneities

[1] Holocene records of sea surface conditions in the western Nordic seas were obtained from quantitative reconstructions based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages. Two sediment cores from the east Greenland and the north Iceland shelves provide a detailed account of the long- and short-term dynamics of the opposing flows of Arctic versus Atlantic waters. Both marker species and quantitative reconstructions depict an overall trend toward warmer winter temperatures, saltier surface waters, and decreased sea ice extent. The latter is supported by a close relationship between relative abundances of an Atlantic dinocyst species, Nematosphaeropsis labyrinthus, and ice-rafted debris (IRD) records. We propose that the late Holocene increased IRD delivery in the Denmark Strait region was primarily induced by a combination of less extensive sea ice cover under increased Atlantic water inflow and sustained iceberg calving tied to the readvance of the Greenland ice sheet. Our records thus suggest diminishing polar water supplies throughout the Holocene, although the timing of regime changes differs between the western and eastern sides of the Denmark Strait. Finally, comparison of our records with a core from southern Greenland points to very heterogeneous sea surface conditions in the western North Atlantic, which could be explained by the decoupled dynamics of the two Irminger Current branches. Similarities between the southern Greenland marine record and a continental record nearby suggest a close coupling with atmospheric processes, reminiscent of a North Atlantic Oscillation–like climate pattern.
The Eocene North Atlantic land bridge: its importance in Tertiary and modern phytogeography of the northern hemisphere

over the Northern Hemisphere (Wolfe, 1 975) during a period of equable climate (Kennett, 1977; Savin, 1977; Buchardt, 1978; Wolfe, 1978) to form a hemispheric flora. This flora seems unusual by modemstandards since it consisted of a mixture of taxa, the modemcounterparts of which are found in habitats ranging from deciduous northem hardwood forests (e.g., Juglans L., Carpinus L., Betula L.) to tropical and paratropical rain forests, particularly of southeastern Asia and Malaysia (e.g., Nypa Steck, Mastixia Blume, Tetrastigma Planchon, and members of the Icacinaceae). In recognition of its northem geography and the thermophilic affinities of many of its component taxa, Wolfe (1975,1977) referred to this assemblage as the "boreotropical flora. " The classic example of this flora is the Early Eocene London Clay assemblage of southeastem England (Reid 8l Chandler, 1933; Chandler, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1978). Although the boreotropical flora was apparently not a homogeneous unit, its composition was strikingly similar throughout its range. Reid and Chandler (1933) saw the modemIndomalaysian affinities of the London Clay assemblage as suggestive of a tropical flora that had moved along the coasts of the Tethys Seaway. This conclusion was subsequently supported by discovery of London Clay taxa in the Eocene of eastem Europe (Palamarev, 1973) and the Eocene (Chandler, 1954) and Oligocene (Bown et al, 1982) of Egypt. The Middle Eocene Clamo Formation of Oregon represents an extension of