Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of a charging current with a sinusoidal perturbation on the performance of a lead-acid battery

The effects of the battery current created by a charger operating in power factor correction (PFC) mode is investigated. In this case, the charging current contains a sinusoidal perturbation. This could deteriorate the performance of the charge compared to the classic charging technique, which uses a constant current. A dynamical model of the battery is proposed which facilitates an explaination of the contribution of the sinusoidal perturbation on the performances of a lead-acid battery. This theoretical facilitates the supposition that the DC component of the charging current is at the origin of the charge. This assumption is validated by the experimental results which show that the sinusoidal perturbation has no effect on the electrical performance of a lead-acid battery.
Quantification of stormwater runoff using a combined GIS and curve number approach: a case study for an urban watershed in the Ozark Highlands, USA

Managing stormwater runoff is crucial to preserving water quality in rapidly developing urban watersheds. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology to test existing stormwater drainage infrastructure, identify potential areas of improvement, and estimate potentially contaminated runoff by combining two widely used stormwater runoff prediction models. A watershed containing much of the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville campus was targeted for this study because stormwater from this watershed drains into a local river designated as an impaired water body due to siltation. The curve number method was used to estimate runoff for various flood-return periods and antecedent moisture conditions, while a flow-direction model integrated topography, land use, and stormwater drainage infrastructure in a GIS. The methodology developed and results generated will help stormwater planners visualise localised runoff and potentially adapt existing drainage networks to accommodate runoff, prevent flooding and erosion, and improve the stormwater quality entering nearby surfacewater bodies.
Three-Dimensional Display Of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Images

We report on the results of a collaboration between two independent research projects at the Buffalo and Stony Brook campuses of the State University of New York. At Buffalo we have been developing a software system for the detection and display of surfaces of organs and organ systems from three-dimensional reconstructions. At Stony Brook we have been developing hardware and software for the three-dimensional reconstruction of objects using nuclear magnetic resonance zeugmatographic imaging. The merging of these two modalities gives us a truly powerful tool for three-dimensional visualization. This is demonstrated by frames from movies illustrating the external and internal three-dimensional structure of organs, such as the brain and the heart, produced by applying the Buffalo display programs to the Stony Brook nuclear magnetic resonance reconstructions.
Neural machine translation with reinforcement learning

Deep learning has recently shown much progress for natural language processing problems and applications because of the vector space representation \cite{pennington2014glove} of each word or document instead of discrete representation by a sparse bag-of-words and other deep learning structures, such as recurrent neural network and recursive neural network, etc. Therefore, I really want to explore deep learning modules on natural language generation this summer.
High Precision Synchronous Trigger be Researched Based on WSN

The traditional synchronous trigger of blasting shock wave field is lineate. Because distributed range of testing field is very wide, the cost is high, disposing line is very inconvenient, reliability of testing system is at a discount. Now a more power node acts as synchronization trigger which starts up all sensor nodes isochronously by broadcast. The author named a synchronization technology as priority sequence. Single broadcast synchronization precision measuring experiment is made by the same testing method as Elson. The new experiment result is the error accord expectation , standard deviation normal school. The standard deviation is 6.8 of Elsons. The precision is exceed demand of shock wave field testing.
Ultracapacitors and Batteries integration for Power Fluctuations mitigation in Wind-PV-Diesel Hybrid System

Fluctuations are induced by the wind power variations at the common coupling point of the hybrid system. The intensity of the resulting perturbations is related to the penetration ratio of the renewable energy. In this paper, wind generator and photovoltaic are combined with the diesel generator to supply energy to the DC-bus. Interactions between these sources are studied before the inserting of the ultracapacitors and lead acid batteries, for power fluctuations mitigation. To ensure a good life cost and good performance of the system, a method of storage sizing, integrating the devices lifetimes estimation is proposed. This method takes into account the system applications conditions. The experimental test bench is designed in a reduced scale, and some simulations and experimental results are presented and analyzed.
Bacterial inactivation using radial mode ultrasonic devices

Bacterial inactivation is vitally important in many industrial processes and in particular those manufacturing products for human consumption. The consequences of poor inactivation processes can result in severe illness and death. To prevent this, several techniques have been developed over the years to ensure products are free from harmful bacteria. In the vast majority of cases either thermal or chemical inactivation is used in liquid products. Pasteurisation and boiling have been accepted methods of rendering a product free of pathogenic bacteria for centuries, as has the addition of small amounts of chlorine to water. Unfortunately, the use of thermal and chemical methods has a detrimental effect on the nutritional value, taste and texture of the product. Also, bacteria are living organisms and as such are subject to evolution. In fact, the rate at which bacteria multiply probably makes them the fastest evolving organisms on the planet. This means that bacteria are likely to evolve resistance to inactivation methods over a period of time and new methods will be required to aid the inactivation of pathogens. The use of ultrasonic vibrations to cause cavitation and thus bacterial inactivation has been shown to be successful. This method causes physical inactivation of bacteria by disrupting the bacterial cell wall thus adding a new tool in the arsenal against pathogens. This project investigated the bacterial inactivation capacity of radial and probe type ultrasonic horns. Radial horns were designed using finite element analysis and validated using experimental modal analysis. Several radial horns were investigated, tuned to the R0 and R3 modes, while probe type horns tuned to a longitudinal mode. A finite element model has been created to estimate the acoustic fields created by these devices, where water is the load medium, and therefore where zones of cavitation could be expected to occur. This finite element model is validated against photographic and chemiluminescent visualisation studies of the cavitation field. A microbiological study was carried out to determine the bacterial efficiency of these devices in a static (non-flow) system. This study used the organisms Escherichia coli and Staphlococcus aureus as the test organisms as they are non-pathogenic, well understood, easy to handle, and are useful indicators of bacterial inactivation performance that have been extensively studied. Further to the positive results from these tests, a continuous flow radial horn system was designed and constructed. This was used to test the bacterial efficiency of the radial horn device in a continuous flow situation. Results on the effect of flow rate and ultrasonic amplitude on the bactericidal effect on the two bacterial organisms used are presented.
Treatment of persistent bacterial vaginosis and risk for spontaneous preterm birth

Objective: To determine the association between treatment of persistent BV in pregnancy and risk for spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Design: The retrospective data from IBM® MarketScan® Commercial Database was analyzed. Setting: United States outpatient data. Population or Sample: Women aged 12–55 years with a singleton gestation. Methods: Women were linked to an outpatient medications database and medications taken during the pregnancy were analyzed. Treatment of BV in pregnancy was defined as a diagnosis of BV and treatment with Metronidazole and/or Clindamycin, and persistent treatment of BV was defined as BV in more than 1 trimester or BV requiring more than 1 antibiotic prescription. Odds ratios were calculated comparing sPTB in those with BV and persistent BV to women without BV in pregnancy. Survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves for the gestational age at delivery was also performed. Main outcome measures: sPTB Results: Among a cohort of 2,538,606 women, 216,611 had an associated ICD-9 or ICD-10 code for diagnosis of BV alone, and 63,817 had BV and were treated with either metronidazole and/or clindamycin. The sPTB rate among women treated with BV was 7.5% compared with 5.7% for women without BV who did not receive antibiotics. Relative to those without BV in pregnancy, odds ratios for sPTB were highest in those treated for BV in both the first and second trimester (1.66 [95% CI 1.52, 1.81]) or those with 3 or more prescriptions in pregnancy (1.48 [95% CI 1.35, 1.63]. Conclusions: Treatment of persistent BV is associated with increased sPTB risk.
Using series capacitors to mitigate voltage flicker problems

Since 1989, Union Electric has made use of series capacitor banks to mitigate voltage flicker problems on long distribution feeders with fluctuating loads. The types of loads being compensated for are cotton gins, a water well pump, sawmills, and a dog food processing plant, with the flicker typically being reduced by 60 to 80 percent. These series capacitors have been designed, constructed, and installed by Union Electric engineering and construction personnel at a cost comparable to a shunt bank installation.
A market framework for collaborative robot exploration

Robot exploration involves navigation through and generating a map of a novel environment. The generated map may facilitate further robot operations or may be of use to humans. Multi-robot exploration involves the deployment of a group of robots to explore a novel environment with the intention that using multiple robots will provide bene ts in terms of e ciency, accuracy, robustness or a combination of these. Additionally, using multiple robots may allow more basic, low-cost hardware to be used, where the increased volume of sensor data and appropriate mechanisms for cooperation can result in improved performance over a single expensive robot. This research considers the problem of using miniature low-cost robots for real-world tasks that have up until now only been possible using robots with accurate sensors and odometry and ample power and processing capacity. The issues of low quality sensor data, inaccurate odometry, low processing capacity and limited power are approached through the adoption of a exible, distributed control system. The task approached in this research is that of collaborative exploration, although the system has been designed to be extensible to further tasks. A scalable behaviour-based control system is presented that is lightweight enough to be deployed on embedded processors while still enabling robots to react e ectively to changes in the environment and to other robots. A market framework is used to support e cient task selection for robots as well as the formation of coalitions to achieve close coordination between robots where pro table. Experiments with physical robots demonstrate the viable solutions developed to the many technical issues that low-cost robots raise while further experiments in simulation extrapolate these nding to greater
Is Display/Control Gain a Useful Metric for Optimizing an Interface?

Two studies were conducted to determine the adequacy of display/control gain as a metric for characterizing a control-display interface consisting of a CRT display and a separate input device. The first study examined the effect of independent changes in the control input and the display output on cursor positioning performance with two input devices: a touch tablet and a trackball. The second study separated the effects of control amplitude, display amplitude, and display target width. Results indicate that display/control gain is not an adequate specification for performance. A combination of gain and Fitts' index of difficulty may be a useful predictor.
Design of a LNA and a Gilbert cell mixer MMICs with a GaAs PHEMT technology

The design of a Gilbert cell mixer and a low noise amplifier (LNA), using GaAs PHEMT technology is presented. The compatibility is shown for co-integration of both blocks on the same chip, to form a high performance 1.9 GHz receiver front-end. The designed LNA shows 9.23 dB gain and 2.01 dB noise figure (NF). The mixer is designed to operate at RF=1.9 GHz LO=2.0 GHz and IF=100 MHz with a gain of 14.3 dB and single sideband noise figure (SSB NF) of 9.6 dB. The mixer presents a bandwith of 8 GHz.
Benchmark gemeentelijk afvalbeheer : Een empirisch onderzoek naar de productiviteit en kostendoelmatigheid

Dit onderzoek richt zich op de productiviteit van afvalinzameling en -verwijdering in de periode 2001-2009. Het doel is het in kaart brengen van productiviteitsontwikkelingen in de sector, inzicht te verschaffen in de onderlinge verschillen tussen gemeenten en beleidskeuzen te identificeren die doelmatigheid bevorderen. Speciale belangstelling gaat daarbij uit naar de effecten van de gekozen organisatievorm: eigen diensten, uitbesteden of samenwerken met andere gemeenten.
Comparison of selected 3-phase switched mode rectifiers

Prominent members of the large variety of 3-phase switched mode rectifiers constrained to unidirectional power flow are inspected and compared with respect to criteria: power losses and density, THD (total harmonic distortion) and count of semiconductors. Derivatives of the standard switched mode boost-type rectifier bridge topology such as a 6-pulse diode bridge, employing parallel-connected subtopologies, and a 3-level topology are taken into account. Stress quantities are derived for the analytical calculation of conduction and switching losses, measures for the loss and THD minimization are discussed using conventional or flat-top modulation in order to facilitate a solid based selection. Identifying the input filters as the major cost block leads to a 3-level SMR as being the optimum topology with a high potential degree of optimization.
Design considerations and test results for a doubly salient PM motor with flux control

A prototype of a new permanent magnet machine is presented in this paper, and its experimental tests fully documented. The motor incorporates the benefits of PM machines, namely the high power density and efficiency, overcoming some of its major disadvantages, such as high cost and limited speed range. Low cost is achieved due to the utilization of simple ceramic PM (ferrite) magnets but the unique flux concentrating magnetic structure allows for the maintenance of a high air gap flux density and consequently high power density. All the active material (coils and magnets) are placed in the stator, so that the rotor structure is very simple like that of the switched reluctance machine (SRM). An extended speed range is obtained thanks to a field coil that can be used to weaken the PM field at high speed or to boost the field at low speed.
EVALUATION OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) CULTIVARS AT EARLY SEEDLING STAGE USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL INDUCED OSMOTIC STRESS

Drought is a grave concern due to changing climate phenomenon which drastically affects wheat production throughout the world. Screening drought tolerant varieties of wheat are important for ameliorating productivity of water scarce areas. An experiment was conducted at physiology division Nuclear Institute of Agriculture Tandojam (Latitude: 25.433 Longitude: 68.533) Sindh, Pakistan during 2016-2017. Treatment included a factorial combination using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Six wheat cultivars (cv. cultivars IBWSN-1010, IBWSN-1025, TD-1, ESW-9525, Khirman and Chakwal-86) were investigated for their response at seedling stage under different water stress treatments (T-1 0, T-2 -0.5, T-3 -0.75 and T-4 -1.0 MPa) in controlled conditions. The results of experiments with reference to cultivars revealed that cultivar Khirman & IBWSN-1010 showed maximum shoot length (17.33 and 16.68 cm), while the cultivar Khirman and TD-1showed maximum root length (10.02 and 8.67 cm), shoot fresh weight (34.46 g 10 -1 shoots), root fresh wt. (71.76 g 10 -1 shoots), shoot dry wt. (13.55 g 10 -1 shoots), root dry wt. (13.62 g 10 - 1 roots),while the cultivar IBWSN-1010 observed more chlorophyll contents (0.27 mg g1 fresh wt) and ionic contents (K + and Ca2 + , and K + /Ca2 + ratio)(1.05, 1.03 and 0.93 %). Among all the wheat cultivars tested Khirman and IBWSN-1010 are tolerant cultivar sand have the potential to perform better under drought conditions, whereas IBWSN-1025 and Chakwal-86 were moderately tolerant under water stress conditions. Moreover, the cultivars i.e. TD-1 and ESW-9525 are the sensitive cultivars under drought environment. It may be concluded from present in-vitro studies that osmotic stress significantly reduced the shoot/root length fresh and dry weight in all six wheat cultivars. The maximum reduction (P≤0.05) was found at higher osmotic stress induced by PEG-6000 (-1.0 MPa).
Social Identity and Regulatory Focus

To investigate the interplay between individual and collective self-regulations, the authors propose a dialectic process that describes the changes in the locus of self-regulations between individual self and collective self. The results from three studies display a strong support for the two sets of hypotheses drawn from the proposed process. Our findings demonstrate that consumers can move the locus of self-regulation from individual-self to collective-self when a social identity is activated (preliminary study and study1). Further examination of regulatory swing between individual and collective regulatory orientations revealed group identification as a key variable in determining the locus of self-regulation (study2). While a consumer with a high level of group identification changes her locus of self-regulation from an individual to a collective (a regulatory shift) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their group orientation, a consumer with low level of group identification maintains her locus of self-regulation in her personal level of self (a regulatory preservation) and evaluated messages and products framed consistent with their personal regulatory focus.
From bolometers to beetles: the development of thermal imaging sensors

Purpose – This paper seeks to describe and discuss the historical development of IR sensors used in thermal imaging and to identify and consider some recent research trends.Design/methodology/approach – This paper first considers cooled semiconductor photon detectors and their limitations and then traces the historical development of un‐cooled IR sensing technologies and their commercialisation. It then discusses certain present‐day developments and research trends.Findings – This paper shows that military‐funded research by the USA in the 1980s led to families of un‐cooled IR sensors, pyroelectric detectors and microbolometers, that have since been widely commercialised. Research continues in the search for a technology that can yield un‐cooled sensors offering the sensitivity of cooled devices, such as Golay cells, microcantilever arrays and biomimetics.Originality/value – This paper traces the technological evolution of un‐cooled thermal imaging sensors and identifies and considers recent research.
BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR THE CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER

The city and county of Denver, Colorado, (CCD) Public Works Department is in charge of maintaining and inspecting the entire public infrastructure, including approximately 750 bridges. The purpose of this paper is to report on a project that has been recently undertaken between the University of Colorado at Denver and the CCD Public Works Department regarding a bridge management system. The pilot study utilized in the initial stages of this study was applied to bridges located within a small area inside the CCD boundaries. The final prototype is a geographic information system whereby queries on the bridge database can be conducted using a map interface. Ultimately, the geographic information system prototype will become the primary bridge management system for the CCD, containing a wide array of information for all bridges in the CCD's inventory. This includes an application of a Markovian deterioration model for condition assessment prediction and hence budget allocation preparation for all applicable bridges. In general, the system provides structure for overall bridge management and also helps preserve and manage historical bridge files.
Development of Islamic Law: The Application of 'Urf in Halal Animal Slaughtering Practices

Islamic law is often misunderstood as a rigid and outdated law which is non-compatible to be exercised in this modern day. This is, however, not true due to the recognition of legal reasoning, al-ijtihad, in Islamic legal tradition where Islamic law is adaptable and flexible in line with the changing of times, places and circumstances. Halal industry, particularly the animal slaughtering practices is one of the areas that experience positive developments which lead to the emergence of new practices like stunning and mechanical slaughtering. Indeed, these practices are regarded as a new phenomenon in which there the issue was not clearly discussed in the classical literatures hence needs for further clarification on the status of Shariah legal rulings, hukm, from various sources of Islamic law including ‘urf. This paper is an attempt to discuss the development of Islamic law with special reference to the application of ‘urf in halal animal slaughtering practices. In order to achieve the objective, opinions from both classical and modern literatures are examined and analyzed in order to understand the development of Islamic law in halal industry. The findings show that ‘urf is considered as the most suitable instrument in determining the legal status of modern animal slaughtering practices since it is applicable to all kinds of situations, places and times.
A printed circular‐ring monopole antenna with band‐notched feature for UWB application

A printed circular‐ring monopole antenna with band‐notched feature for ultra‐wideband application has been presented and investigated. The band‐notched characteristic is achieved by attaching a C‐shaped short‐circuited stub. Experimental results show that the proposed antenna meets the requirement of wide‐working bandwidth of 3.1–10.6 GHz with voltage‐standing wave ratio <2, while avoiding the interference with the 5 GHz wireless local area network band. Transfer functions of the antenna systems are given experimentally, and the parametric studies are performed numerically in this article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52:827–830, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25050