Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prothetische Versorgungskonzepte nach Majoramputation der oberen Extremität – eine Übersicht gegenwärtiger Möglichkeiten

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die obere Extremität und insbesondere die Hand sind für die Interaktion des Menschen mit seiner Umwelt von entscheidender Bedeutung – schwere Verletzungen oder Amputationen gehen daher mit einem erheblichen Funktionsverlust einher und beeinträchtigen die Lebensqualität der Patienten sehr. Wenn biologische Rekonstruktionsversuche nicht zu einem ausreichenden Erfolg führen oder nicht möglich sind, kommt der bionischen Rekonstruktion eine Schlüsselrolle in der Versorgung dieser Patienten zu. Konventionelle myoelektrische Prothesen werden über zwei Signale gesteuert, die über Oberflächenelektroden im Bereich der Stumpfmuskulatur abgeleitet werden. Insbesondere bei hohen Amputationen ist die Prothesensteuerung dann nur sehr eingeschränkt und umständlich möglich. Die Operationsmethode der Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) bietet hier einen innovativen Lösungsansatz: Die großen Armnerven, die durch Amputation ihre Zielorgane verloren haben, werden auf neue Zielmuskeln im Bereich des Amputationsstumpfes transferiert. Dadurch können kognitive Steuersignale etabliert werden, welche eine deutlich verbesserte Prothesensteuerung ermöglichen. Patienten/Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine selektive Literaturrecherche zum Thema TMR und bionische Rekonstruktion mit Aufarbeitung und Diskussion relevanter Arbeiten, unter Berücksichtigung der klinischen Erfahrungen unserer Forschungsgruppe. Zusätzlich wird ein klinischer Patientenfall vorgestellt. Ergebnisse Die bionische Rekonstruktion in Kombination mit TMR ermöglicht eine intuitive Prothesensteuerung mit simultaner Bewegung verschiedener prothetischer Freiheitsgrade und bietet zudem einen neuen Ansatz in der Therapie von Neurom- und Phantomschmerzen. Langfristiger Erfolg erfordert ein hohes Maß an Patientencompliance und intensives Signaltraining während der prothetischen Rehabilitationsphase. Trotz technologischer Fortschritte bestehen weiterhin Herausforderungen, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Signalüberleitung und der sensiblen Integration bionischer Prothesen. Schlussfolgerung Die Operationstechnik der TMR stellt einen bedeutenden Fortschritt der prothetischen Versorgung von Amputierten dar. Durch selektive Nerventransfers zur Signalmultiplikation und -amplifikation ermöglicht sie, das Potential myoelektrischer Prothesen weiter auszuschöpfen und die Therapie dieser speziellen Patientengruppe zu verbessern. Entwicklungen im Bereich der externen Prothesenkomponenten, Verbesserungen der skelettalen Anbindung durch Osseointegration und flüssigere Signalübertragung durch drahtlose, vollständig implantierte Elektrodensysteme werden sowohl hinsichtlich der Bewegungspräzision, als auch des Embodiments deutliche Fortschritte in der bionischen Rekonstruktion ermöglichen.
Introduction to the rheology of complex fluids

Abstract: This chapter considers the main types of rheological behaviour. The basic ways of modelling them (essentially in simple shear) and the physical origins of the behaviour of different material types are explained and typical real materials behaving in that way are mentioned. The most important behaviour types (yielding and thixotropy) for cementitious or concrete materials, the importance of flow regime (or ‘physical state’) with regards to the time scale of observation and the flow rate for predicting the behaviour type, the importance of distinguishing the main interaction types within the material for evaluating the physical origin of its behaviour are emphasised. Solids, simple fluids, suspensions, slightly non-Newtonian materials, yield stress fluids, thixotropy and viscoelasticity are reviewed.
Building the Pamir‐Tibetan Plateau—Crustal stacking, extensional collapse, and lateral extrusion in the Central Pamir: 2. Timing and rates

Geothermochronologic data outline the temperature‐deformation‐time evolution of the Muskol and Shatput gneiss domes and their hanging walls in the Central Pamir. Prograde metamorphism started before ~35 Ma and peaked at ~23–20 Ma, reflecting top‐to‐ ~N thrust‐sheet and fold‐nappe emplacement that tripled the thickness of the upper ~7–10 km of the Asian crust. Multimethod thermochronology traces cooling through ~700–100°C between ~22 and 12 Ma due to exhumation along dome‐bounding normal‐sense shear zones. Synkinematic minerals date normal sense shear‐zone deformation at ~22–17 Ma. Age‐versus‐elevation relationships and paleoisotherm spacing imply exhumation at ≥3 km/Myr. South of the domes, Mesozoic granitoids record slow cooling and/or constant temperature throughout the Paleogene and enhanced cooling (7–31°C/Myr) starting between ~23 and 12 Ma and continuing today. Integrating the Central Pamir data with those of the East (Chinese) Pamir Kongur Shan and Muztaghata domes, and with the South Pamir Shakhdara dome, implies (i) regionally distributed, Paleogene crustal thickening; (ii) Pamir‐wide gravitational collapse of thickened crust starting at ~23–21 Ma during ongoing India‐Asia convergence; and (iii) termination of doming and resumption of shortening following northward propagating underthrusting of the Indian cratonic lithosphere at ≥12 Ma. Westward lateral extrusion of Pamir Plateau crust into the Hindu Kush and the Tajik depression accompanied all stages. Deep‐seated processes, e.g., slab breakoff, crustal foundering, and underthrusting of buoyant lithosphere, governed transitional phases in the Pamir, and likely the Tibet crust.
Evaluation of normalized difference vegetation index of common vegetation habitats for monitoring rodent population and outbreaks in Isimani, Tanzania

Structural characterization and mapping of vegetation habitats is vital for early warning probabilistic prediction of rodent pest outbreaks. Such knowledge in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly understood. The current study was carried out to characterise and spatially map the vegetation habitats associated with small mammal abundance in smallholder farming agroecosystems. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of common vegetation habitats and rainfall patterns were also explored. A combination of field survey and Multi temporal Landsat 8 (Operational Land Imager (OLI)) images were used to identify the vegetation habitats and estimation of NDVI. Small mammals were trapped in the mapped vegetation habitat units, and counted for abundances. In total, nine main types of vegetation habitats were investigated. A total of 597 small mammals, potentially related to major rodent pests were trapped. Geospatial and linear regression analysis were employed to establish the important habitat characteristics (predictor variables) for relating rodent abundance with rainfall and NDVI. Results show that vegetation habitats identified based on land use/cover types were largely dominated by agriculture covering about 60% of the plateau landscape with intensive maize cultivation and frequently reported rodent outbreaks. The findings show further that the plateau habitats support large number of small mammals (80%) than the rest of the habitats in the other landscapes. A strong
In Situ Water Quality Improvement Mechanism (Nitrogen Removal) by Water-Lifting Aerators in a Drinking Water Reservoir

A field scale experiment was performed to explore the nitrogen removal performance of the water and surface sediment in a deep canyon-shaped drinking water reservoir by operating WLAs (water-lifting aerators). Nitrogen removal performance was achieved by increasing the densities and N-removal genes (nirK and nirS) of indigenous aerobic denitrifiers. After the operation of WLAs, the total nitrogen removal rate reached 29.1 ± 0.8% in the enhanced area. Ammonia and nitrate concentrations were reduced by 72.5 ± 2.5% and 40.5 ± 2.1%, respectively. No nitrite accumulation was observed. Biolog results showed improvement of carbon metabolism and carbon source utilization of microbes in the enhanced area. Miseq high-throughput sequencing indicated that the denitrifying bacteria percentage was also higher in the enhanced area than that in the control area. Microbial communities had changed between the enhanced and control areas. Thus, nitrogen removal through enhanced indigenous aerobic denitrifiers by the operation of WLAs was feasible and successful at the field scale.
Recent advances in cancer-associated fibroblast: Biomarkers, signaling pathways, and therapeutic opportunities

Abstract Anti-cancer therapies usually focus on tumor cells, but non-tumor stromal components in the tumor microenvironment also play vital roles in tumor initiation and progression, which may be the prognostic factors and potential therapeutic targets. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the essential component in the tumor environment, exhibiting high heterogeneity in their cell origin and phenotype with diverse functions that influence tumor angiogenesis, immune systems, and metabolism. Single-cell RNA sequencing and genetically engineered mouse models have increased our understanding of CAF diversity, and many subtypes have been defined. However, the precise functions of these subtypes need to be studied and validated. Studies of signaling pathways and epigenetic changes in CAFs facilitate understanding of the phenotypes of CAFs and the crosstalk between tumor cells and CAFs to provide potential therapeutic targets. Some clinical trials, including phase III trials targeting CAFs, have been performed recently. However, few of these trials have generated promising results, which indicates that the complexity of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment remains largely unknown, and in-depth investigations of CAFs should be performed. This review summarizes the research on CAFs, focusing on the heterogeneity of their phenotypes and functions, specific signaling pathways, and the therapeutic strategies involving CAFs. Additionally, we briefly discuss the current technologies commonly used in CAF studies and describe the challenges and future perspectives of CAF research.
Colocalization of protein and microRNA markers reveals unique extracellular vesicle subpopulations for early cancer detection

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in cell-cell communication but are highly heterogeneous, and each vesicle has dimensions smaller than 200 nm with very limited amounts of cargos encapsulated. The technique of NanOstirBar (NOB)–EnabLed Single Particle Analysis (NOBEL-SPA) reported in the present work permits rapid inspection of single EV with high confidence by confocal fluorescence microscopy, thus enables colocalization assessment for selected protein and microRNA (miRNA) markers in the EVs produced by various cell lines, or present in clinical sera samples. EV subpopulations marked by the colocalization of unique protein and miRNA combinations were discovered to be able to detect early-stage (stage I or II) breast cancer (BC). NOBEL-SPA can be adapted to analyze other types of cargo molecules or other small submicron biological particles. Study of the sorting of specific cargos to heterogeneous vesicles under different physiological conditions can help discover distinct vesicle subpopulations valuable in clinical examination and therapeutics development and gain better understanding of their biogenesis.
Fast-dissolving tablets

Fast-dissolving tablet technologies are important for patients who have difficulty taking conventional oral dosage forms as well as for pharmeceutical firms seeking line extensions in the marketplace. This artide describes existing fast-dissolving technologies and discusses several techniques used to formulate such tablets, namely tablet molding, freeze-drying, spray-drying, sublimation, disintegrant addition, and the use of sugar-based excipients.
Contribution of human and biophysical factors to the spatial distribution of forest fire ignitions and large wildfires in a French Mediterranean region

Identifying the factors that drive the spatial distribution of fires is one of the most challenging issues facing fire science in a changing world. We investigated the relative influence of humans, land cover and weather on the regional distribution of fires in a Mediterranean region using boosted regression trees and a set of seven explanatory variables. The spatial pattern of fire weather, which is seldom accounted for in regional models, was estimated using a semi-mechanistic approach and expressed as the length of the fire weather season. We found that the drivers of the spatial distribution of fires followed a fire size-dependent pattern in which human activities and settlements mainly determined the distribution of all fires whereas the continuity and type of fuels mainly controlled the location of the largest fires. The spatial structure of fire weather was estimated to be responsible for an average of 25% of the spatial patterns of fires, suggesting that climate change may directly affect the spatial patterns of fire hazard in the near future. These results enhance our understanding of long-term controls of the spatial distribution of wildfires and predictive maps of fire hazard provide useful information for fire management actions.
GPS TEC technique for observation of the evolution of substorm particle precipitation

[1] One of the signatures of magnetospheric substorms is the precipitation of high energy particles into the high latitude ionosphere. In this paper, we introduce a new method of tracking substorm particle precipitation using GPS Total Electron Content (TEC) and provide some preliminary observations of precipitation signatures from application of this method. Using TEC measurements from several GPS receivers, we examined particle precipitation signatures associated with two separate substorm events (4 October 2008 and 29 October 2008) and monitored the expansion of the high energy precipitation regions with a higher temporal and spatial resolution than previously available. For each event we have observed TEC signatures associated with substorm particle precipitation along 20 to 25 separate GPS raypaths from up to 7 GPS receivers located in the Canadian Arctic. This is in addition to particle injection signatures found in CLUSTER satellite data and precipitation signatures in ground based riometer data. Signature timing on different raypaths from different stations indicates a mainly northward (tailward) expansion of the precipitation (injection) region with a smaller westward (azimuthal) component for the events studied. By applying a triangulation method, we also calculated propagation velocity of the precipitation boundary in regions covered by our GPS receivers. For each substorm, expansion velocity ranged from 0.3–2 km/s northward and 0–1 km/s westward, and tended to decrease in magnitude at higher latitudes.
Document Image Binarization Using Structural Symmetry of Strokes

In this paper, a novel local threshold binarization method using structural symmetry of strokes is proposed. Different from most existing local threshold methods which use the whole region to compute the threshold, we estimate the local threshold by only using the structural symmetric pixels (SSP) of the region so as to suppress the non-text pixels and maintain the text ones as well. The SSP is defined as those pixels around strokes whose gradient magnitudes are big enough and directions are opposite. As the gradient map is our basis for computing the SSP, we further propose to estimate background surface first and extract potential SSP in the compensated image so as to deal with degradations of document images such as uneven illumination, low contrast and stain. To prove the effectiveness of our method, tests on two public document image datasets are preformed and the experimental results show that our method outperforms other local threshold binarization approaches on both F-measure and PSNR.
Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications a New Model for a Scale-free Hierarchical Structure of Isolated Cliques 662 T. Shigezumi Et Al. a New Model for Isolated Cliques

Scale-free networks are usually defined as the ones that have power-law degree distributions. Since many of real world networks such as the World Wide Web, the Internet, citation networks, biological networks, and so on, have this property in common, scale-free networks have attracted interests of researchers so far. They also revealed that such networks have some typical properties such as high cluster coefficient and small diameter as well, and a lot of network models have been proposed to explain those properties. Recently, it is reported that the following new properties about self-similar structures of a real world network are observed [Uno and Oguri, FAW and AAIM, 2011]. For a special kind of cliques in a network, 1. the size distributions of these cliques show a power-law, 2. the degree distribution of the network after contracting these cliques show a power-law, and 3. by regarding the contracted network as the original, 1 and 2 are observed repeatedly. In this paper, we propose a new network model constructed by a 'clique expansion' procedure, and show that it can explain this 'hierarchical structure of cliques'.
Comparison of petrophysical properties of predominant rocks from the Achaean section of the Cola superdeep (SG-3)

The values of density and velocity in the samples of the predominant rocks from the Archaean section of the Kola superdeep borehole (SG-3) drilled in the northern frame of the Pechenga palaeorift structure have been studied. The main part of rocks of the SG-3 Archaean section is represented by gneisses, schists and amphibolites. Their main rock-forming minerals are plagioclase, hornblende, mica and quartz. The texture of the rocks is mainly medium-grained, the structure is nematogranoblastic and lepidogranoblastic. The parameters of elastic anisotropy were estimated by the acoustopolariscopy method, the density and velocity of compression and shear waves were determined in the lab and the mentioned characteristics were calculated by mineral composition. The measured sample velocities are unusually low, which can be explained by the decompaction effect of deep rocks. The values of the velocity characteristics that are close to those for the conditions of the rock deep occurrence were obtained by calculation with regard to their specific mineral composition. The average values of the velocity of compression and shear waves for gneisses were calculated by mineral composition are 6.38 ± 0.16 km/s and 3.52 ± 0.14 km/s, respectively. The average of the compression wave velocity for schists is 6.40 ± 0.13 km/s, of the shear wave velocity – 3.46 ± 0.09 km/s and for amphibolites 6.84±0.13 km/s and 3.82±0.08 km/s, respectively. The dynamic moduli in different rocks are lower in schists, medium in gneisses and higher in amphibolites. ARTICLE INFO
When Do We (Not) Need Complex Assume-Guarantee Rules?

Assume-guarantee (AG) reasoning is a compositional verification method where a verification task involving many processes is broken into multiple verification tasks involving fewer and/or simpler processes. Unfortunately, AG verification rules, and especially circular rules are often complex and hence hard to reason about. This raises the question whether complex rules are really necessary, especially in view of formalisms that already enable compositional reasoning via simple rules based on precongruence. This paper investigates this question for two formalisms: (1) labelled transition systems (LTS) with parallel composition and weak simulation, and (2) interface automata (IA) with composition and alternating simulation ><;OI. In (1), not all AG rules are sound and the precongruence rule cannot replace all sound ones, but we can provide a generic and sound AG rule that complements the precongruence rule. We show that in (2) all AG rules are sound and can be replaced by a simple rule where all premisses are of the form Pi><;OI Qt. Moreover, we show that proofs in the LTS AG rule can be converted into proofs in the simple IA rule. This suggests that circular reasoning is a built-in feature of the IA formalism, and provided system components can be modelled as IA, complex assume-guarantee rules are not needed.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of trust, social influence and promotion on the intention to use e-wallets in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi

3645 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of trust, social influence and promotion on the intention to use e-wallets in the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi (Jabodetabek) regions. This study uses a quantitative approach with an explanatory design in accordance with the focus of the study, the population in this study is all e-wallet users in Indonesia. The sample selection uses a non-probability sampling method and a sample of 143 e-wallet users is used. The minimum number of samples is determined based on the number of research indicators. The method used in this study is multiple linear regression models with the help of the SPSS program. The results showed that trust and promotion partially had a significant effect on intention to use e-wallet. However, social influence does not significantly influence the intention to use e-wallet. For this reason it is suggested to the management to pay attention to these factors, by maintaining trust, paying attention to social factors and increasing promotion, it will have an impact on increasing intention to use e-wallets.
A Comparison of Exact and Heuristic Approaches to Capital Budgeting

— This paper summarizes and compares approaches to solving the knapsack problem and its known application in capital budgeting. The first approach uses deterministic methods and can be applied to small-size tasks with a single constraint. We can also apply commercial software systems such as the GAMS modelling system. However, because of NP-completeness of the problem, more complex problem instances must be solved by means of heuristic techniques to achieve an approximation of the exact solution in a reasonable amount of time. We show the problem representation and parameter settings for a genetic algorithm framework.
LC‐GRFA: global register file assignment with local consciousness for VLIW DSP processors with non‐uniform register files

Embedded processors developed within the past few years have employed novel hardware designs to reduce the ever‐growing complexity, power dissipation, and die area. Although using a distributed register file architecture is considered to have less read/write ports than using traditional unified register file structures, it presents challenges in compilation techniques to generate efficient codes for such architectures. This paper presents a novel scheme for register allocation that includes global and local components on a VLIW DSP processor with distributed register files whose port access is highly restricted. In the scheme, an optimization phase performed prior to conventional global/local register allocation, named global/local register file assignment (RFA), is used to minimize various register file communication costs. A heuristic algorithm is proposed for global RFA to make suitable decisions based on local RFA. Experiments were performed by incorporating our schemes on a novel VLIW DSP processor with non‐uniform register files. The results indicate that the compilation based on our proposed approach delivers significant performance improvements, compared with the solution without using our proposed global register allocation scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.