Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Cardiovascular Diseases in Korea

This study aimed to estimate nationwide prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and to identify its association with cardiovascular diseases. The data on a national representative sample of 6,147 adults from 1998 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed. The syndrome was determined according to two kinds of modified definition from ATP III, in which abdominal obesity was determined by waist circumference (WC) standard for Asians and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Based on the former, prevalence was 22.1% in men and 27.8% in women. However, based on the latter, prevalence was 28.6% and 27.8%, respectively. Although age-specific prevalence was higher in men than in women among the younger group, it became higher in women among the older group because of its steeper rise with age. In multiple logistic regression, the syndrome was found to be positively associated with cardiovascular diseases (adjusted odds ratios (ORs)1.97 by WC and 1.48 by WHR in men, and 1.54 and 1.31 in women). Moreover, its effect size exceeded that of total cholesterol (adjusted ORs 1.21 in men, and 1.08 in women) or LDL cholesterol (1.58 in men and 1.22 in women). It is obvious that the metabolic syndrome prevails in Korea, and its importance regarding cardiovascular diseases is considerable. Prevention strategies should be implemented immediately to avoid cardiovascular epidemic in the near future.
Wasmannia auropunctata System : Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae

Common name Rote Feuerameise (German), little fire ant (English), little introduced fire ant (English), little red fire ant (English), small fire ant (English), West Indian stinging ant (English), cocoa tree-ant (English, New Caledonia), pequena hormiga de fuego (Spanish), hormiga colorada (Spanish), hormiga roja (Spanish), formiga pixixica (Portuguese, Brazil), petit fourmi de feu (French), fourmi rouge (French), tsangonawenda (English, Gabon), sangunagenta (English, Gabon), satanica (Spanish, Cuba), hormiguilla (Spanish, Puerto Rico), albayalde (Spanish, Puerto Rico), formi électrique (French, New Caledonia), fourmi électrique (French, New Caledonia)
CAUSES OF ARAL SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS IN THE PAST

The history of variations of the level of the Aral Sea from the most ancient times is reviewed and much useful information presented on natural regimes of the Aral's tributary rivers, the Amudar'ya and Syrdar'ya; the natural high- and low-water cycles of the Aral; and historical episodes where natural or human events diverted the Amudar'ya's flow westward into Lake Sarykamysh, which served as a kind of “alternative Aral” during these situations. Thus, the present decline of the Aral and growth of Sarykamysh can be viewed as just one cycle (albeit man-modified) of an Amudar'ya-Aral-Sarykamysh drainage system. Translated by Edward Torrey, Alexandria, VA 22308 from: Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, seriya geograficheskaya, 1990, No. 1, pp. 78-86.
A high-quality reference genome for the fish pathogen Streptococcus iniae

Fish mortality caused by Streptococcus iniae is a major economic problem in aquaculture in warm and temperate regions globally. There is also risk of zoonotic infection by S. iniae through handling of contaminated fish. In this study, we present the complete genome sequence of S. iniae strain QMA0248, isolated from farmed barramundi in South Australia. The 2.12 Mb genome of S. iniae QMA0248 carries a 32 kb prophage, a 12 kb genomic island and 92 discrete insertion sequence (IS) elements. These include nine novel IS types that belong mostly to the IS3 family. Comparative and phylogenetic analysis between S. iniae QMA0248 and publicly available complete S. iniae genomes revealed discrepancies that are probably due to misassembly in the genomes of isolates ISET0901 and ISNO. Long-range PCR confirmed five rRNA loci in the PacBio assembly of QMA0248, and, unlike S. iniae 89353, no tandemly repeated rRNA loci in the consensus genome. However, we found sequence read evidence that the tandem rRNA repeat existed within a subpopulation of the original QMA0248 culture. Subsequent nanopore sequencing revealed that the tandem rRNA repeat was the most prevalent genotype, suggesting that there is selective pressure to maintain fewer rRNA copies under uncertain laboratory conditions. Our study not only highlights assembly problems in existing genomes, but provides a high-quality reference genome for S. iniae QMA0248, including manually curated mobile genetic elements, that will assist future S. iniae comparative genomic and evolutionary studies.
Mean-Field Backward Stochastic Differential Equations . A Limit Approach ∗

Mathematical mean-field approaches play an important role in different fields of Physics and Chemistry, but have found in recent works also their application in Economics, Finance and Game Theory. The objective of our paper is to study a special mean-field problem in a purely stochastic approach. We consider a stochastic differential equation that describes the dynamics of a particle X(N) influenced by the dynamics of N other particles, which are supposed to be independent identically distributed and of the same law as X(N). This equation (of rank N) is then associated with a backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). After proving the existence and the uniqueness of a solution (X(N), Y (N), Z(N)) for this couple of equations we investigate its limit behavior. With an approach which uses the tightness of the laws of the above sequence of triplets in a suitable space, and combines it with BSDE methods and the Law of Large Numbers, it is shown that (X(N), Y (N), Z(N)) converges in L2 to the unique solution of a limit equation, formed by a Mean-Field forward and a Mean-Field backward equation. AMS Subject classification: 60H10; 60B10.
The time derivative of flux-linkage dependence on flux-linkage with partitioned-stator doubly-salient permanent-magnet generator structure

The time derivative of flux-linkage, d Ψ /d t dependence on flux-linkage of partitioned-stator doubly-salient permanent-magnet generator (PS-DSPG) structure with varying the number of poles is proposed. The analysis is based on finite element method using COMSOL software. The result shows that the flux-linkage is reduced with an increasing of the number of poles. Nevertheless, the d Ψ /d t is enhanced when the number of poles is increased. This is because the d Ψ /d t and the flux-linkage do not only depend on the number of poles but it also depends on the flux-linkage circulation.
Naturalistic fMRI Mapping Reveals Superior Temporal Sulcus as the Hub for the Distributed Brain Network for Social Perception Year : 2012 Version : Final

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Glycemic control after initiating basal insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a primary care database analysis

Background: When target glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) levels are not reached, basal insulin therapy should be considered in type 2 diabetes. The objective of this report was to describe the predictors of glycemic control (strict criterion: HbA 1c # 6.5%) during the first year after initiating basal insulin therapy in primary care. Methods: The study applied a retrospective approach using a nationwide database in Germany (Disease Analyzer, IMS Health, January 2008 to December 2011, including 1,024 general and internal medicine practices). Potential predictors of glycemic control considered were age, sex, duration of diabetes, type of basal insulin, comedication with short-acting insulin, baseline HbA 1c , previous oral antidiabetic drugs, diabetologist care, private health insurance, macrovascular and microvascular comorbidity, and concomitant medication. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted with glycemic control as the dependent variable. Results: A total of 4,062 type 2 diabetes patients started basal insulin (mean age 66 years, males 53%, diabetes duration 4.8 years, mean HbA 1c 8.8%), of whom 295 (7.2%) achieved an HbA 1c # 6.5% during the one-year follow-up. Factors positively associated with HbA 1c # 6.5% in logistic regression were male sex (odds ratio 1.59, 95% confidence interval 1.23–2.04), insulin glargine (reference neutral protamine Hagedorn; odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.88), short-acting insulin (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.76), and prior treatment with metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and diuretics. Lipid-lowering drugs were associated with a lower odds of reaching the glycemic target. Conclusion: Few type 2 diabetes patients (7%) reached the glycemic target (HbA 1c # 6.5%) after one year of basal insulin therapy. Achievement of the glycemic target was associated with type of basal insulin, additional short-acting insulins, previous antidiabetic medication, and other comedication, eg, diuretics or lipid-lowering drugs.
Compatibility of lithium plasma-facing surfaces with high edge temperatures in the Lithium Tokamak Experiment

High edge electron temperatures (200 eV or greater) have been measured at the wall-limited plasma boundary in the Lithium Tokamak Experiment (LTX). Flat electron temperature profiles are a long-predicted consequence of low recycling boundary conditions. Plasma density in the outer scrape-off layer is very low, 2–3 × 1017 m−3, consistent with a low recycling metallic lithium boundary. Despite the high edge temperature, the core impurity content is low. Zeff is estimated to be ∼1.2, with a very modest contribution (<0.1) from lithium. Experiments are transient. Gas puffing is used to increase the plasma density. After gas injection stops, the discharge density is allowed to drop, and the edge is pumped by the low recycling lithium wall. An upgrade to LTX–LTX-β, which includes a 35A, 20 kV neutral beam injector (on loan to LTX from Tri-Alpha Energy) to provide core fueling to maintain constant density, as well as auxiliary heating, is underway. LTX-β is briefly described.
Metabolic responses of shorebird chicks to cold stress : hysteresis of cooling and warming phases

, as size and maturity of the skeletal muscles and other organs that generate heat in response to decreasing Tb The development of thermoregulation is also promoted by a decrease in thermal conductance of the chick resulting from increased size and insulation of the body (Visser and Ricklefs, 1993). The physiological capacity to produce heat is usually measured by the maximum metabolic rate in response to cold stress, often referred to as the peak metabolic rate (Scholander et al., 1950; King and Farner, 1961). However, because maximum metabolism is often elicited by protocols that feature gradually increasing cold stress, measurements may be affected by body cooling and by the aerobic endurance of the chick (Olson, 1994). Furthermore, regulation of Tb is a dynamic process, and heat production may depend on the manner in which a chick responds to the rate of change in Tb and perhaps also to the rate of change in the temperature of the We developed a protocol for determining the maximum rate of oxygen consumption of shorebird chicks (Scolopacidae and Charadriidae) in response to cold challenge. We first subjected the chicks to gradually decreasing temperatures until their metabolism peaked and began to decrease. We ended the cooling phase of a trial when a chick's body temperature T b had declined typically to 32–34°C. After this point, we gradually increased the temperature in the metabolism chamber until normal Tb values and thermoneutral resting metabolism were restored. We refer to this cycle as the down–up (DU) protocol. We estimated instantaneous oxygen consumption (V. O∑) using the equation of Bartholomew et al. (1981). V. O∑ and Tb were monitored continuously during the trials. Here, we illustrate typical temperature and metabolism dynamics of the DU protocol by describing several trials in detail, and we discuss the implications of these results for the control of metabolism and regulation of Tb. Chicks subjected to the DU protocol exhibited three distinct phases of metabolic response to ambient temperature (Ta). In Phase I, V. O∑ increase was directly related to the gradient between Tb and Ta, consistent with a Newtonian response to cooling. During Phase II, chicks sustained a maximum level of V. O∑ that decreased as Tb dropped, exhibiting a Q10 of approximately 2. Based on the slope of the relationship between V. O∑ and Tb during Phase II, we were able to estimate maximum V. O∑ at a standardized high Tb. Phase …
Myoclonus: analysis of monoamine, GABA, and other systems

Myoclonus is a clinical term meaning a quick involuntary jerk, seen in normal subjects under certain circumstances, including sleep, and in certain disease states. It is important as a symptom that may impair function and as an indicator of neurological dysfunction. Not until patients with myoclonus and major functional disability were reported in the 1960s was attention given to understanding its basis and pharmacotherapy. Reports of myoclonus developing after anoxic brain injury, and its response to treatment with the serotonin precursor 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP), drew special attention. Further experience showed that only a few patients with myoclonus benefit from 5‐HTP therapy. Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are often helpful in the treatment of myoclonus. Their beneficial effects decline with chronic administration because of drug tolerance, and the theoretical basis for BDZ responses remains unclear. The relationships between myoclonus, clonus, and epilepsy are discussed, as is the possible contribution of slow signaling transmembrane receptors to synchronization of motoneuron firing, which is suggested as a hallmark of myoclonus. Myoclonus may originate in many CNS sites, but the brain‐stem reticular formation is especially relevant to myoclonus. Brain‐stem serotonin neurons have special influence on spinal motoneurons, on startle responses, and on myoclonus. Among 5‐HT receptors, 5‐HT1A receptors are related to some forms of myoclonus, although 5‐HT2 receptors are also implicated. GABAA receptors are related to some forms of myoclonus. Blockade of GABAA receptors or GABA synthesis regularly evokes convulsive seizures, but administration of many GABA agonists and some GABA uptake blockers paradoxically may evoke myoclonus. Injection of GABA receptor blockers into some brain areas has anticonvulsant effects. Stimulation of GABAA receptors may therefore promote or antagonize myoclonus depending on which GABA receptors are involved, the state of the system, etc. The role of glycine receptors is well established in some animal models, but has yet to be clearly established for human myoclonus. Opiates may produce myoclonus when given intrathecally or in high dosage. The concept of excitant anesthetics and special function of certain GABA receptors is discussed. — — Snodgrass, S. R. Myoclonus: analysis of monoamine, GABA, and other systems. FASEB J. 4: 2775‐2788; 1990.
Some Approximations of the Cohen's Kappa Statistic

In this research, the statistical inference of the problem of measuring agreement between two observers who employ measurements on a 2-point nominal scale is focused. The purpose of this study is to approximate Cohen’s kappa statistic by using the factorial moment. Moreover, the estimated asymptotic means and variances of the approximated Cohen’s kappa statistic are computed. The relative efficiency (R.E.) of the estimates ( ˆ C κ , (0)
Electron microscopic autoradiographic studies of gliogenesis in rat optic nerve I. Cell proliferation

Electron microscopy and 3H‐thymidine autoradiographic techniques were used to study the fine structure of proliferating cells in developing rat optic nerve. Before the closure of the optic canal almost all of the cells incorporating radioactive thymidine are ventricular cells, but after closure (16 days of gestation) the vast majority are differentiating astroblasts or oligodendroblasts. Labeled astroblasts show a range in their degree of differentiation; some cells lack 90 Å cytoplasmic filaments while others have glial filaments and abundant cytoplasmic organelles. In contrast to astroblasts, all of the labeled oligodendroblasts are in the early stages of differentiation. The proliferation of oligodendroblasts starts at five days postnatal, approximately a day or two before the onset of myelination. During myelinogenesis a few of the labeled oligodendroblasts show presumptive connections to myelin sheaths. Microglial cells do not appear to play a major role in gliogenesis since they form less than 2% of all the labeled cells.
Trading off space for passes in graph streaming problems

Data stream processing has recently received increasing attention as a computational paradigm for dealing with massive data sets. Surprisingly, no algorithm with both sublinear space and passes is known for natural graph problems in classical read-only streaming. Motivated by technological factors of modern storage systems, some authors have recently started to investigate the computational power of less restrictive models where writing streams is allowed. In this article, we show that the use of intermediate temporary streams is powerful enough to provide effective space-passes tradeoffs for natural graph problems. In particular, for any space restriction of s bits, we show that single-source shortest paths in directed graphs with small positive integer edge weights can be solved in O((n log3/2 n)/&sqrt;s) passes. The result can be generalized to deal with multiple sources within the same bounds. This is the first known streaming algorithm for shortest paths in directed graphs. For undirected connectivity, we devise an O((n log n)/s) passes algorithm. Both problems require Ω(n/s) passes under the restrictions we consider. We also show that the model where intermediate temporary streams are allowed can be strictly more powerful than classical streaming for some problems, while maintaining all of its hardness for others.
A New VC Dimension Based on Probability

This paper proposes a new definition of VC dimension based on probability. The VC dimension is the most important parameter to evaluate the learning ability of a hypothesis set. However, in many actual problems, the origin VC dimension is always too large to use. And there always exists a paradox between the size of hypothesis set and the range of confidence interval. This paper solves these problems by taking the information of data set and probability into consideration. We propose a new definition of VC dimension based on probability and gives a stronger VC bound.
Interstitial optical parameter quantification of turbid medium based on CW radiance measurements

CW radiance measurements examine the light intensity at a single source-detector location from different detection directions to recover absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient of the turbid medium which is important in treatment planning of minimally invasive laser therapies. In this paper, P9 approximation for radiance is used as the forward model for fitting by considering the balance between computational time and the correctness of the forward model at low albedo and small source detector separation (SDS). By fitting P9 approximation for radiance to the angular radiance Monte Carlo (MC) simulations used as the angular radiance measurements, optical parameters are recovered over a wide range of reduced albedo between 0.69 and 0.99 at small SDS 2mm. The recovery errors of absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient are less than 11.96% and 2.63%, respectively. The effects of the maximum angle used for fitting on optical parameter recovery have been further studied. The results show that the recovery errors of absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient are less than 12% and 3% respectively when the maximum angle is greater than 70 degree.
Tunable terahertz plasmon-induced transparency with aperture-side-coupled disk resonators

Abstract. An analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in plasmonic double disk resonators aperture-side-coupled to an InSb bus waveguide at the terahertz (THz) frequency region has been investigated. When there is a destructive interference coupling between these two disk resonators, the proposed plasmonic structure exhibits a transparency window. The simulation results show that the EIT-like response is dependent on the coupling distance between two disk resonators. Since the permittivity of InSb is modified by varying temperature, the central wavelength of the EIT-like transmission can be controlled by tuning the temperature. The proposed plasmonic structure may have applications in THz integrated circuits.
Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: a novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel By:

Singh, A.S. , Saliasi, E. , van den Berg, V. , Uijtdewilligen, L. , deGroot, R.H. M. , Andersen, L.B. , Bailey, R. , Chang, Y.K. , Diamond, A. , Ericsson, I. , Etnier, J.L. , Fedewa, A.L. , Hillman, C.H. McMorris, T. , Pesce, C. , Puhse, U. , Tomporowski, P.D. , & Chinapaw, M.J.M. (2019). Effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive and academic performance in children and adolescents: A novel combination of a systematic review and recommendations from an expert panel. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 53, 640-647. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098136
Inner centromere formation requires hMis 14 , a trident kinetochore protein that specifically recruits HP 1 to human chromosomes

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. www.jcb. org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200908096 Cite by DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200908096 JCB 1 of 17 T. Kiyomitsu and O. Iwasaki contributed equally to this paper. Correspondence to Mitsuhiro Yanagida: yanagida@kozo.lif. kyoto-u.ac. jp O. Iwasaki’s present address is The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Abbreviations used in this paper: AS, asynchronous; CD, chromodomain; CSD, chromoshadow domain; WT, wild type; Y2H, yeast two-hybrid. Introduction
Efficient hole‐transporting layer MoO3:CuI deposited by co‐evaporation in organic photovoltaic cells

In order to improve hole collection at the interface anode/electron donor in organic photovoltaic cells, it is necessary to insert a hole‐transporting layer. CuI was shown to be a very efficient hole‐transporting layer. However, its tendency to be quite rough tends to induce leakage currents and it is necessary to use a very slow deposition rate for CuI to avoid such negative effect. Herein, we show that the co‐deposition of MoO3 and CuI avoids this difficulty and allows deposition of a homogeneous efficient hole‐collecting layer at an acceptable deposition rate. Via an XPS study, we show that blending MoO3:CuI improves the hole collection efficiency through an increase of the gap state density. This increase is due to the formation of Mo5+ following interaction between MoO3 and CuI. Not only does the co‐evaporation process allow for decreasing significantly the deposition time of the hole‐transporting layer, but also it increases the efficiency of the device based on the planar heterojunction, CuPc/C60.