Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetostratigraphy and astronomical calibration of the last 1.1 Myr from an eastern Mediterranean piston core and dating of short events in the Brunhes

SUMMARY A 37 m long piston core (KC-O1B) was collected from the Calabrian Ridge in the Ionian Sea. Astronomical calibration of sapropels and sapropelic signals-based on rock-magnetic and geochemical properties-yields a very accurate time-frame for the last 1.1 Myr, with the exception of the interval (65&850 ka) straddling the Brunhes/ Matuyama boundary. We used the oxygen isotope data as an additional constraint on our age model. We arrive at an age of 812 ka for the Brunhes/Matuyama boundary, which indicates that its position is determined by delayed acquisition of NRM by some 40 kyr. The age of the top of Jaramillo subchron (1001+3 ka) is slightly older than that of Shackleton, Berger & Peltier ( 1990); that of its bottom ( 1072 f 5 ka) concurs with their estimate. In the Brunhes Chron, four short reversal excursions (CRO-3) were found and dated (CRO 261 f 3 ka, CR1 318 f 3 ka, CR2 515 f 3 ka, CR3 573 3 ka). In all cases, a highcoercivity reversed component is overlapped to a varying degree with a low-coercivity normal component. Three of the reversal excursions (CR1-3) occur in zones where diagenetic processes were shown to be minimal. The fourth (CRO), in which a very large coercivity overlap occurs, is not well expressed and is found in a zone where some dissolution of magnetic minerals has occurred. The existing literature on reversal excursions is reviewed, and some of the older records with an oxygen isotope or sapropel record have been redated. CRO could correspond to one of the Fram Strait excursions (Nowaczyk et at. 1994). CR3 corresponds to the Emperor, which is shown to be equivalent to the Big Lost reversal excursion. For CR1 and CR2 we propose the names Calabrian Ridge 1 and Calabrian Ridge 2, since correlation with existing reversal excursions is uncertain. The Blake was not detected because extensive diagenesis has occurred in the corresponding interval. All reversal excursions observed in KC-O1B correspond to periods of minimal (relative) palaeointensity in the independently dated record of Valet & Meynadier (1993). This seems to imply that reversal excursions are more likely to occur in periods with a relatively large non-dipole field contribution
Grid‐based distribution model for simulating runoff and soil erosion from a large‐scale river basin

Grid‐based modelling is an effective approach for handling the spatial heterogeneity of basin characteristics, such as land use, soil, rainfall and topographical information. In this study, the grid‐based block‐wise use of TOPMODEL together with the Muskingum–Cunge (BTOPMC) model (block‐wise use of TOPMODEL together with the Muskingum–Cunge) was improved by using an erosion module to estimate soil erosion and sediment outflow during storm events. Instead of representing a grid using a single erosion type, the model accounts for the erosion caused by both raindrop detachment in the sheet area as well as concentrated flow detachment in the channel area. The sediment transport process is simulated at the assumed river channel networks, which avoids the problems that are caused by the difference between the channel widths in the upstream and downstream areas. This also enables the model to be applicable in simulating soil erosion and sediment outflow from a large river basin. Geographic information system (GIS) techniques have been utilized in the model to delineate the river network and extract the basin information from the digital elevation model (DEM) data. Through a case study in China's Lushi basin, the improved BTOPMC model got an average Nash–Sutcliffe (NS) efficiency of about 86·1% in discharge simulations and an average NS efficiency of about 75% in sediment outflow simulations. Overall, the results show a satisfactory accuracy for all of the selected events. Moreover, by analysing the spatial distribution of soil erosion or deposition, the erosion‐prone areas can be identified and prioritized. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The surgical and clinicopathological characteristics of primary mucinous ovarian cancer: a single institution 30-year retrospective analysis

Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of primary mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) and define oncologic outcomes. Material and Methods: This retrospective study reviewed patients diagnosed with primary MOC at a single institution and underwent primary treatment between 1990 and 2019. The clinicopathological factors affecting oncological outcomes and treatment response were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate survival outcomes. Survival curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results: The cohort’s (n=92) median (range) age was 48 (15-82) years. Seventy-five (81.5%) patients were in the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I-II. Forty patients received platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The 5-year progression-free survival was 98% in stage I-II and 17% for stage III-IV (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor for disease failure was stage (hazard ratio: 6.838, 95% confidence interval: 1,358-34,415; p=0.020). Conclusion: Advanced stage was an independent poor prognostic factor for recurrence in patient with MOC.
Spatial choice and constraints on behavior

ABSTRACT This paper first examines the reasons for the limited success of empirical studies of movement behavior in documenting a consistent relationship between spatial behavior and its psychological antecedents. It then proposes an integrated conceptual framework to incorporate the mediating and determining role of constraints on spatial behavior. It is argued that acceptance of the implicit assumptions of utility maximization and volitional control has encouraged an undue emphasis on the attitudinal determinants of behavior to the detriment of its nonattitudinal components. Thus, model misspecification has compounded the inferential problems stemming from conceptual and operational ambiguities, from spatial aggregation, and from excessive dependence on a narrow range of linear models. By providing a flexible foundation for the reconceptualization of the processes underlying spatial decision making, recent developments in attitude theory are pointing the way toward redressing this imbalance in research .
Seismic‐ and Tsunami‐Wave Propagation of the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake as Inferred from the Tsunami‐Coupled Finite‐Difference Simulation

Abstract The 2011 Tohoku earthquake ( M 9.0) caused significant hazards including strong ground motion, coseismic ground deformation, and tsunamis. For a deeper understanding of these phenomena, we conducted a large‐scale, parallel computer simulation by means of the finite‐difference method (FDM) with newly developed tsunami‐coupled equations of motion. This method is based on the equations of motion for an elastic medium, treating seawater as elastic material having zero S ‐wave velocity. Tsunami waves are included by taking into account gravity and their equilibrium with the pressure gradient. An effective method of FDM simulation using the state‐of‐the‐art massively parallelized K computer is also studied. With the use of a 3D layered velocity structure that includes topography and bathymetry, basement structure, Moho depth, and plate boundaries, and use of the appropriate source‐rupture model based on joint inversion of seismic waves and geodetic observations, the simulated seismic waves demonstrate anomalous seismic‐wave propagation by the thick 3D basin structure inland. We also found that the sea column acts as a strong absorber of seismic waves for shallow up‐dip slip. On the ocean side, coseismic deformation and tsunamis are dynamically generated in this simulation. Tsunami attacks on the subsided Pacific coast are simulated without any additional assumptions. We also modeled the tsunami and seismic records of ocean‐bottom pressure gauges above the fault. Because sea‐bottom tsunami and seismic observation is powerful but very complex, recording both seismic and tsunami waves, the use of these coupled numerical simulations has great potential for resolving complex source fault rupture processes in a 3D heterogeneous structure. Online Material: Mpeg movies of fault slip, seismic‐wave propagation, seafloor and ground displacement, and tsunamic propagation.
Lightweight Speaker Verification Using Transformation Module With Feature Partition and Fusion

Although many efforts have been made on decreasing the model complexity for speaker verification, it is still challenging to deploy speaker verification systems with satisfactory result on low-resource terminals. We design a transformation module that performs feature partition and fusion to implement lightweight speaker verification. The transformation module consists of multiple simple but effective operations, such as convolution, pooling, mean, concatenation, normalization, and element-wise summation. It works in a plug-and-play way, and can be easily implanted into a wide variety of models to reduce the model complexity while maintaining the model error. First, the input feature is split into several low-dimensional feature subsets for decreasing the model complexity. Then, each feature subset is updated by fusing it with the inter-feature-subsets correlational information to enhance its representational capability. Finally, the updated feature subsets are independently fed into the block (one or several layers) of the model for further processing. The features that are output from current block of the model are processed according to the steps above before they are fed into the next block of the model. Experimental data are selected from two public speech corpora (namely VoxCeleb1 and VoxCeleb2). Results show that implanting the transformation module into three models (namely AMCRN, ResNet34, and ECAPA-TDNN) for speaker verification slightly increases the model error and significantly decreases the model complexity. Our proposed method outperforms baseline methods on the whole in memory requirement and computational complexity with lower equal error rate. It also generalizes well across truncated segments with various lengths.
Revisiting Micro and Macro Expressions in Computer Graphics Characters

This paper presents the reproduction of two studies focused on the perception of micro and macro expressions of Virtual Humans (VHs) generated by Computer Graphics (CG), first described in 2014 and replicated in 2021. The 2014 study referred to a VH realistic, whereas, in 2021, it referred to a VH cartoon. In our work, we replicate the study by using a realistic CG character. Our main goals are to compare the perceptions of micro and macro expressions between levels of realism (2021 cartoon versus 2023 realistic) and between realistic characters in different periods (i.e., 2014 versus 2023). In one of our results, people more easily recognized micro expressions in realistic VHs than in a cartoon VH. In another result, we show that the participants' perception was similar for both micro and macro expressions in 2014 and 2023.
In Search of Suitable Breeding Sites: Habitat Heterogeneity and Environmental Filters Determine Anuran Diversity of Western Madagascar

Simple Summary Amphibian biodiversity is declining around the globe and habitat destruction and fragmentation impact two-thirds of all amphibians. The distinct characteristics of amphibians, such as low mobility and permeable skin, make them more susceptible to environmental influences than other taxa. We have shown that within the small area of the Kirindy Forest in Madagascar, environmental differences influenced the selection of breeding sites by frogs to such an extent that the composition of the anuran larvae assemblage differed vastly between individual ponds. The diversity of breeding sites increases species richness by serving the needs of multiple species. Characteristics such as pond size, vegetation, and time until desiccation of ponds should be considered when designing conservation action plans to protect a wide variety of species. If breeding sites become unavailable because of a shift in environmental gradients, not only amphibian diversity but the whole ecosystem could be harmed. Abstract Environmental filtering shapes animal communities by preventing the colonization and persistence of certain species in a given habitat. More heterogenous environments are presumed to support a greater number of species and, consequently, increased species diversity, as environmental filters are also likely more heterogenous. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental influences due to distinct characteristics like permeable skin and low mobility. By analyzing the species richness and assemblage composition of tadpoles in 132 breeding ponds, we examined how the interplay of environmental variables shapes anuran species assemblages in breeding habitats of the dry forest of Western Madagascar. We found that environmental filtering is prevalent and habitat heterogeneity not only increases larval species richness but also alters species composition between these assemblages. Our study highlights the need for conserving heterogenous habitats to maintain local diversity. Furthermore, we recommend including multivariate modelling approaches to conservation efforts to acknowledge differences between specific habitats and beta diversity.
Skeletal muscle mitochondria demonstrate similar respiration per cristae surface area independent of training status and sex in healthy humans

The impact of training status and sex on intrinsic skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity remains unclear. We examined this by analysing human skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration relative to mitochondrial volume and cristae density across training statuses and sexes. Mitochondrial cristae density was estimated in skeletal muscle biopsies originating from previous independent studies. Participants included females (n = 12) and males (n = 41) across training statuses ranging from untrained (UT, n = 8), recreationally active (RA, n = 9), active‐to‐elite runners (RUN, n = 27) and cross‐country skiers (XC, n = 9). The XC and RUN groups demonstrated higher mitochondrial volume density than the RA and UT groups while all active groups (RA, RUN and XC) displayed higher mass‐specific capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial cristae density than UT. Differences in OXPHOS diminished between active groups and UT when normalising to mitochondrial volume density and were lost when normalising to muscle cristae surface area density. Moreover, active females (n = 6–9) and males (n = 15–18) did not differ in mitochondrial volume and cristae density, OXPHOS, or when normalising OXPHOS to mitochondrial volume density and muscle cristae surface area density. These findings demonstrate: (1) differences in OXPHOS between active and untrained individuals may be explained by both higher mitochondrial volume and cristae density in active individuals, with no difference in intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity (OXPHOS per muscle cristae surface area density); and (2) no sex differences in mitochondrial volume and cristae density or mass‐specific and normalised OXPHOS. This highlights the importance of normalising OXPHOS to muscle cristae surface area density when studying skeletal muscle mitochondrial biology.
Mantle phase transitions and layered convection

Numerical simulations with an anelastic, spherical, axisymmetric mantle convection model have been conducted to address the question of the radial mixing length in the general circulation of the mantle. Continuing debate centers on the question as to whether or not the 670 km seismic discontinuity (which we now understand to exist as a consequence of an endothermic phase change of mantle mineralogy from the spinel phase to a mixture of perovskite and periclase) in combination with the 400 km discontinuity (associated with the exothermic phase change from olivine to spinel) will impose a sufficient barrier to the circulation so as to induce layering. We argue herein that the mantle must currently be converting in a partially layered style but that the degree of layering is highly time dependent. Moreover, in the perhaps not too distant past the propensity to layering was greater, possibly to the extent that soon after planetary formation mantle mixing occurred in two distinct reservoirs. As the planet cool.
Study of Physicochemical Characterization of Lonar Lake Effecting Biodiversity Lonar Lake, Maharashtra, India

The lonar crater lake is proved to be caused by a Meteor which is mainly of rocky material and the pH values of the lake water are generally higher than 10and occasionally reaching 12. The lake is a closed system without any outlet and the lake is unique due to its salinity, alkalinity and biodiversity. Water is the most vital abiotic component of the lake ecosystem and while studying the biodiversity of any lake ecosystem, the Knowledge of the physicochemical quality of lake water becomes important. Therefore in present article studies on physicochemical quality of water and in Lonar Lake were done and it was seen that chlorides and salinity of the Lake water is decreasing, but the biodiversity of the lonar lake is increasing as we found presence of some microorganisms i.e. Some Bacillus species, Some Lysinibacillus species and Some Pseudomonas species.
High-Quality Facial Geometry and Appearance Capture at Home

Facial geometry and appearance capture have demonstrated tremendous success in 3D scanning real humans in studios. Recent works propose to democratize this technique while keeping the results high quality. However, they are still inconvenient for daily usage. In addition, they focus on an easier problem of only capturing facial skin. This paper proposes a novel method for high-quality face capture, featuring an easy-to-use system and the capability to model the complete face with skin, mouth interior, hair, and eyes. We reconstruct facial geometry and appearance from a single co-located smartphone flashlight sequence captured in a dim room where the flashlight is the dominant light source (e.g. rooms with curtains or at night). To model the complete face, we propose a novel hybrid representation to effectively model both eyes and other facial regions, along with novel techniques to learn it from images. We apply a combined lighting model to compactly represent real illuminations and exploit a morphable face albedo model as a reflectance prior to disentangle diffuse and specular. Experiments show that our method can capture high-quality 3D relightable scans.
Non-destructive prediction and monitoring of postharvest quality of citrus fruit

Appearance is the primary parameter used to evaluate quality of citrus fruit for the fresh market; so the condition of fruit rind is an important quality attribute. Preventing the development of non-chilling physiological rind disorders such as rind breakdown, rind pitting, rind staining, puffiness, and peteca spots is one of the key challenges in postharvest handling of citrus fruit. Intensive research has been conducted towards better understanding of the factors contributing to the incidence of these disorders. This review examines the preharvest and postharvest factors contributing to the incidence and severity of non-chilling physiological rind disorders in citrus fruit, and presents a physical characterisation of these disorders. It also describes the molecular, biochemical and physiological basis of rind disorders and highlights the techniques for inducing rind disorders for research investigations. To date, the mechanism of citrus rind pitting disorders and the relationship with other physiological rind disorders is still not well understood. However, it has been established that fruit susceptibility to these disorders is influenced by the microclimate inside the fruit canopy. The prospects of using biochemical markers to predict the development of rind disorders at harvest and the use of non-destructive technologies to sort affected fruit are discussed.
Improved Block Based Segmentation and Compression Techniques for Compound Images

Image compression is to minimize the size in bytes of a graphics file without degrading the quality of the image to an unacceptable level. The compound image compression normally based on three classification methods that is object based, layer based and block based. This paper presents two techniques under block-based classification. After a brief introduction of the classification methods, two methods were enhanced and results were evaluated. The performance metrics Compression radio, PSNR, Compression and Decompression time are tested for both the models. KeywordsCompound Image, Block based segmentation, Image compression, Histogram based, ACCoefficient based.
Magnetically driven microrobots moving in a flow: a review

Magnetically driven microrobots hold great potential to perform specific tasks more locally and less invasively in the human body. To reach the lesion area in vivo, microrobots should usually be navigated in flowing blood, which is much more complex than static liquid. Therefore, it is more challenging to design a corresponding precise control scheme. A considerable amount of work has been done regarding control of magnetic microrobots in a flow and the corresponding theories. In this paper, we review and summarize the state-of-the-art research progress concerning magnetic microrobots in blood flow, including the establishment of flow systems, dynamics modeling of motion, and control methods. In addition, current challenges and limitations are discussed. We hope this work can shed light on the efficient control of microrobots in complex flow environments and accelerate the study of microrobots for clinical use.
The effect of the Glu 342 Lys mutation in 1-antitrypsin on its structure , studied by molecular modelling methods

The structure of native 1-antitrypsin, the most abundant protease inhibitor in human plasma, is characterised primarily by a reactive loop containing the centre of proteinase inhibition, and a -sheet composed of five strands. Mobility of the reactive loop is confined as a result of electrostatic interactions between side chains of Glu342 and Lys290, both located at the junction of the reactive loop and the structure. The most common mutation in the protein, resulting in its inactivation, is Glu342 Lys, named the Z mutation. The main goal of this work was to investigate the influence of the Z mutation on the structure of 1-antitrypsin. Commonly used molecular modelling methods have been applied in a comparative study of two protein models: the wild type and the Z mutant. The results indicate that the Z mutation introduces local instabilities in the region of the reactive loop. Moreover, even parts of the protein located far apart from the mutation region are affected. The Z mutation causes a relative change in the total energy of about 3%. Relatively small root mean square differences between the optimised structures of the wild type and the Z mutant, together with detailed analysis of ‘conformational searching’ process, lead to the hypothesis that the Z mutation principally induces a change in the dynamics of 1-antitrypsin.