Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review : US Spelling Colorectal cancer models for novel drug discovery

Introduction—Despite increased screening rates and advances in targeted therapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. CRC models that recapitulate key features of human disease are essential to the development of novel and effective therapeutics. Classic methods of modeling CRC such as human cell lines and xenograft mice, while useful for many applications, carry significant limitations. Recently developed in vitro and in vivo models overcome some of these deficiencies and thus can be utilized to better model CRC for mechanistic and translational research. Areas Covered—The authors review established models of in vitro cell culture and describe advances in organoid culture for studying normal and malignant intestine. They also discuss key features of classic xenograft models and describe other approaches for in vivo CRC research, including patient-derived xenograft, carcinogen-induced, orthotopic transplantation, and transgenic mouse models. We also describe mouse models of metastatic CRC. Expert opinion—No single model is optimal for drug discovery in CRC. Genetically engineered models overcome many limitations of xenograft models. Three-dimensional organoids can be efficiently derived from both normal and malignant tissue for large-scale in vitro and in vivo (transplantation) studies, and are thus a significant advance in CRC drug discovery.
Explorer Sensor Use and Usefulness : Trade-Offs for Data-Driven Authentication on Mobile Devices

Modern mobile devices come with an array of sensors that support many interesting applications. However, sensors have different sampling costs (e.g., battery drain) and benefits (e.g., accuracy) under different circumstances. In this work we investigate the trade-off between the cost of using a sensor and the benefit gained from its use, with application to datadriven authentication on mobile devices. Current authentication practice, where user behaviour is first learned from the sensor data and then used to detect anomalies, typically assumes a fixed sampling rate and does not consider the battery consumption and usefulness of sensors. In this work we study how battery consumption and sensor effectiveness (e.g., for detecting attacks) vary when using different sensors and different sensor sampling rates. We use data from both controlled lab studies, as well as field trials, for our experiments. We also propose an adaptive sampling technique that adjusts the sampling rate based on an expected device vigilance level. Our results show that it is possible to reduce the battery consumption tenfold without significantly impacting the detection of attacks.
Considerations in the Interpretation of Cosmological Anomalies

Abstract Anomalies drive scientific discovery – they are associated with the cutting edge of the research frontier, and thus typically exploit data in the low signal-to-noise regime. In astronomy, the prevalence of systematics –- both “known unknowns” and “unknown unknowns” – combined with increasingly large datasets, the widespread use of ad hoc estimators for anomaly detection, and the “look-elsewhere” effect, can lead to spurious false detections. In this informal note, I argue that anomaly detection leading to discoveries of new physics requires a combination of physical understanding, careful experimental design to avoid confirmation bias, and self-consistent statistical methods. These points are illustrated with several concrete examples from cosmology.
Impact of climate change on mountain environment dynamics . An introduction

Mountains are specific ecosystems, characterised by their diversity and complexity (Messerli and Ives, 1997). Steep topographic, climatic and biological gradients combined with sharp seasonal contrasts favour the triggering of extreme climatic and geomorphic events, which may in turn strongly affect ecological and human environments (Ives and Messerli, 1989; Price, 1999; Beniston, 2002; Viviroli et al., 2007; Huggel et al., 2010; Korner, 2013). Mountain populations are quite diverse in their .
Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Isobaric Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Behavior of Acetone-Chloroform

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the ternary system acetone + chloroform + 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP]) or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([EMIM][DEP]) were obtained at 101.3 kPa. Results indicated that the addition of [MMIM][DMP] or [EMIM][DEP] could eliminate the azeotropic point of the binary system of acetone + chloroform when the mole fraction of ionic liquids (ILs) was above 0.15. Besides, the experimental data could be well correlated by the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model. The structures as well as interactions between molecular solvents (acetone, chloroform) and the ion pairs ([MMIM][DMP], [EMIM][DEP]) were studied by quantum chemical calculations. The result indicated that the interaction energies (ΔE) follow the order of ΔE(acetone + [EMIM][DEP]) > ΔE(acetone + [MMIM][DMP]) > ΔE(chloroform + [EMIM][DEP]) ≈ ΔE(chloroform + [MMIM][DMP]), and chloroform had stronger affinity to ionic liquids than acetone.
The Value of Adenosine Deaminase Enzime Level in the Positive Diagnosis of Tuberculous Pleural Effusion

The etiologic diagnosis of pleural effusion is often difficult, requiring invasive investigations to determine it. In Romania, tuberculosis is a frequent cause of pleural effusion, with the diagnosis of certainty being based on the bacteriological or histopathological examination. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme found in T lymphocytes, stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is why it is considered to be an essential marker of etiologic diagnosis in countries where the TB endemic is elevated. A case-control study was conducted in the Clinical Pneumophthisiology Hospital of Constanta, Romania, in patients diagnosed with tuberculous pleural effusion. The primary endpoint was to establish the cut-off value for ADA in supporting the positive diagnosis of TB pleural effusion, and the secondary objective was to identify the differences between TB pleural effusion and other etiologic types of pleural effusion. A cut-off of 55 UI has a good specificity (80%) and good sensitivity (85%). The study confirms other features of tuberculous pleural effusion as younger age, lower levels of white blood cells and neutrophils, increased number of lymphocytes in pleural fluid, low protein serum level, increased values of pleural lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and pleural ADA.
Vein fate determined by flow-based but time-delayed integration of network architecture

Veins in vascular networks, such as in blood vasculature or leaf networks, continuously reorganize, grow or shrink, to minimize energy dissipation. Flow shear stress on vein walls has been set forth as the local driver for a vein’s continuous adaptation. Yet, shear feedback alone cannot account for the observed diversity of vein dynamics – a puzzle made harder by scarce spatiotemporal data. Here, we resolve network-wide vein dynamics and shear rate during spontaneous reorganization in the prototypical vascular networks of Physarum polycephalum. Our experiments reveal a plethora of vein dynamics (stable, growing, shrinking) where the role of shear is ambiguous. Quantitative analysis of our data reveals that (a) shear rate indeed feeds back on vein radius, yet, with a time delay of 1 — 3 min. Further, we reconcile the experimentally observed disparate vein fates by developing a model for vein adaptation within a network and accounting for the observed time delay. The model reveals that (b) vein fate is determined by parameters – local pressure or relative vein resistance – which integrate the entire network’s architecture, as they result from global conservation of fluid volume. Finally, we observe avalanches of network reorganization events that cause entire clusters of veins to vanish. Such avalanches are consistent with network architecture integrating parameters governing vein fate as vein connections continuously change. As the network architecture integrating parameters intrinsically arise from laminar fluid flow in veins, we expect our findings to play a role across flow-based vascular networks.
IFAC World Congress 2017 open invited track on “ Traffic modeling , estimation and control ”

Increasing travel demand, combined with relatively slower growth in physical capacity, is leading to increased congestion in several metropolitan areas. Rapid advancements in sensing, computing, and communication technologies, and their increasing adoption, are opening up possibilities to develop deeper insights into traffic dynamics, and to estimate and control traffic in real-time. The proper utilization of these new opportunities has the potential to improve the performance of traffic systems, reduce delays, minimize environmental impact, and increase safety. The objective of this open invited track is to gather representatives from academia to share and discuss ideas on the state of the art, novel theoretical approaches, and practical applications within the field of traffic modeling, estimation and control, especially in the context of emerging technologies. 1. IFAC TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR
Solar eclipse induced changes in surface ozone at Ahmedabad

Measurements of surface ozone and related gases were made at Ahmedabad during the solar eclipse of 24 Oct. 1995. The maximum obscurity at Ahmedabad was 79.2%. The diurnal increase in ozone concentration due to photo-oxidation of pollutants like CO, CH4 and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) observed on nomlal days after the sunrise was not observed until the time of maximum obscuration. In fact, lhere was a decrease in ozone concentration in the range of 18-21% at the maximum phase. Ozone levels were found to be lower even after the eclipse due to loss and delay in ozone production. The eclipse conditions were simulated in a photochemical box model which was used to calculate ozone changes. The model shows a decrease of ozone by about 16% as compared to a control day at the time of maximum obscuration. The model also shows significantrole of boundary layer variations in the morning hours.
Behavior and foraging technique of the Ingram's squirrel Guerlinguetus ingrami (Sciuridae: Rodentia) in an Araucaria moist forest fragment

This work describes the foraging techniques, body positions and behavior of free-ranging Ingram's squirrel Guerlinguetus ingrami Thomas, 1901 in a region of the Araucaria moist forest, in the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil. The animals were observed using the "all occurrence sampling" method with the aid of binoculars and a digital camcorder. All behaviors were described in diagrams and an ethogram. We recorded five basic body positions, 24 behaviors, two food choices, and three feeding strategies utilized to open fruits of Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.), the main food source of Ingram's squirrels. We also observed a variance in the animals' stance, which is possibly influenced by predation risk, and discuss the causes of some behaviors.
Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Raw Flower-Honey from Erzurum Highland

In this study, the physical and chemical properties of the highland flower raw honey produced in different locations of Erzurum province were investigated. In 2019, 12 highland flower raw honeys sold during the honey harvest season were purchased from local vendors. Moisture, color, HMF, proline, acidity, pH, conductivity, diastase number, invertase activity, C13, C13 protein-honey, C4 analysis and sugar components were analyzed in honey. It has been evaluated whether the research findings are in compliance with the Turkish Food Codex Honey Communiqué and whether they are similar to the findings of previous studies The average values of the honey samples examined in this study respectively are; moisture is 15.8%, color is 41 mm pfund, HMF content is 4.1 mg/kg, proline amount is 661.2 mg/kg, acidity value is 20.4 meq/kg, pH value is 3.5, conductivity is 0.23 mS/cm, diastase number was determined as 17.8 DN and invertase activity as 189.9 U/kg. The sugar ratios in honey samples were respectively average fructose 34.6%, glucose 27.7%, sucrose 0.5%, turanose 2.6%, maltose 2.8%, isomaltose 2.9%, erlose 0.3%, fructose+glucose 62.3%, fructose/glucose 1.24, glucose/water 1.6 and trehalose, meritose, maltotriose were not detected. The difference between the protein and crude honey delta C13 values was found to be 0.29% and C13 value -29% and the C4 sugar ratio was 1.8%. As a result, it has been seen that the multifloral highland flower raw honey produced and sold in Erzurum region has high biological activity values and is in accordance with the Honey Communiqué.
Credit Rating Impact on European Stock Markets : Home and abroad

The impact of credit rating changes in both the bond and the stock market has been a widely discussed subject in the press since the outburst of the last financial crises. In this paper, we study home and foreign stock market impacts of sovereign credit rating downgrades by Standard and Poor’s in Europe – focusing on Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain – since 2008. Firstly, we run an event study on the effect of sovereign credit rating downgrades in the national stock market returns. We confirm the existence of a statistically significant average abnormal market underreaction of 140 basis points. Secondly, we perform a contagion analysis of this effect. We find that when there is a credit rating downgrade, other European countries underperform by 38 basis points. This stock market underreaction has implications in the Efficient Market Hypothesis.  Corresponding author: José Afonso Faias, Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Palma de Cima, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal. Phone +351-21-7270250. E-mail: jfaias@clsbe.lisboa. ucp.pt.
Effect of Different Light-Curing Sources on Diametral Tensile Strength of Bulk Fill Composite Resins

There are two common sources of light curing used to polymerize composite resins, the LED (Light Emitted Diode) and the QTH (Quartz Tungsten Halogen). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using different light curing sources on diametral tensile strength of bulk fill composite resins. Three commercial bulk fill composite resins, Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein, Germany), Beautifil-Bulk Restorative® (Shofu, Japan), and Filtek TM Bulk-Fill (3MESPE, USA) were used to make disk specimens (6 mm in diameter, 3 mm in thickness) divided into two different polymerized groups (n=10), with LED for 20s and QTH for 40s light curing sources. Diametral tensile strength was tested using a Universal Mechanical Testing Machine (Shimadzu, Japan). Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Bonferonni post hoc tests. The results showed that diametral tensile strength mean value of all bulk fill composite resins polymerized using LED source were higher than QTH. There was no statistically difference between the group polymerized using LED and QTH (p ≥ 0.05), except in Filtek TM Bulk-Fill group (p = 0.012). It can be concluded that different light-curing sources can influence the polimerization effect of Bulk-Fill composite resin in their diametral tensil strength properties. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2018; 11(2): pp. 491-494)
Concurrent Presentation of Diabetic Nephropathy and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Pediatric Patient

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most consequential and longstanding microvascular complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and the most common cause for renal replacement therapy throughout the world. The most important risk factor for DN includes poor glycemic control. We present a rare case where biopsy-proven grade 3 DN had a concurrent presentation at the time of diagnosis of T1DM in a 12-year-old female child. This earlier than expected DN noted in this patient raises the question regarding the need for earlier surveillance for DN in children.
Self-expandable metallic stent with 125I seed strand in malignant biliary obstruction: a self-made delivery system and novel implantation method

Background Malignant obstructive jaundice (MOJ) has a low immediate surgery rate (10–20%) and a poor post-resection survival rate. Although several clinical results have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of stent placement combined with radioactive seeds, the existing implantation methods are time consuming and prone to error. In this study, we introduced a self-made delivery system and novel implantation method for a self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) with 125I seed strand and evaluated its feasibility and efficacy in MOJ patients. Methods Our self-made delivery system was applied to 61 patients (39 males and 22 females, mean age 66.36±10.73 years) from October 2018 to June 2020 in our center with a novel implantation method. The preparation and manipulation processes were described in detail. Technical and clinical successes were recorded, and stent patency and overall survival (OS) were assessed. A P value of less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference. Results Stents with 125I seed strands were successfully placed in all 61 participants with our novel implantation method. The clinical success rate was 96.7%, and no severe procedure-related complications were found except bile leakage through puncture in 1 participant. The median duration of primary stent patency was 120 (37, 233.5) days, and the median OS was 169 (41, 270) days. Conclusions Our self-made delivery system with a novel SEMS implantation method with 125I seed strand was feasible and effective for MOJ patients and significantly simplified the current implantation approach.
Testing and Evaluation of Interfibre Joint Strength under Mixed-Mode Loading

The interfibre joint is one of the key elements in creating the strength of self–binding fibrous materials such as paper and board. In order to tailor the properties of such materials by chemical and/or mechanical treatments of the fibres, and to learn how such modifications influence the properties at the microscopic level, a greater understanding of how to evaluate the mechanical properties of interfibre joints is desirable. The methods reported in the literature for determining of the interfibre joint strength do not in general distinguish between the contributions of normal and shear stresses in the bonded region. This paper presents a numerical analysis procedure, based on the finite element method, for evaluating interfibre joint strength measurements in terms of the normal, shear, and moment loading components during testing. The method is applied to investigate the strength of Kraft pulp interfibre joints under two principally different modes of loading. The results show that for a typical interfibre joint test of an isolated fibre–fibre cross with long free fibre segments, modes of loading other than pure shear cannot, in general, be neglected, and are strongly dependent on the structural geometry of the fibre–fibre crosses. In addition, the resultant forces and moments were scaled in terms of the interface area and the twisting and bending resistance of the interface approximated as an ellipse to account for differences in interface area between the measurements. These scaled resultants were used to quantify how the mode of loading influences the relation between the amount of normal stress and the amount of shear stress that develop in the interfibre joint.
Voltage generation induced by mechanical straining in magnetic shape memory materials

Magnetic shape memory (MSM) materials change their shape with the magnetic field. They can also be used in the reverse operation as sensors or voltage generators. The present paper demonstrates that large voltages are induced when the MSM material is mechanically compressed inside a MSM actuator. The experimental results reveal that voltages of close to 100 V were generated with a Ni–Mn–Ga MSM material subjected to short mechanical impulses, because of a change in its magnetization. The induced voltage depends on the geometrical and material parameters of the MSM actuator, as well as on the speed by which the MSM material changes its shape. A magnetic model for calculating the induced voltage is proposed and the measurement results from a MSM-type actuator are presented. The magnetic model demonstrates good accordance with the experimental results. The physical reason for the voltage signal is discussed and potential applications are proposed.
Localisation , Orientation and Recognition of Alarms A comparison between three alarm systems in health care

This paper documents a study at three dialysis departments on the use of different alarm systems. The design of the alarm systems are to some extent in line with the visions of augmented reality and ubiquitous computing. Our study have raised a range of questions which we think are relevant for the research on how to embed technology in users' environment. We will discuss how the properties of the environment affords the localisation, orientation and recognition of alarms. Localisation is about how the alarm system notifies exactly where the alarm is coming from, where orientation is how the system guides the user towards the alarm in a more imprecise way. The issue of recognition is how the alarm system notifies the users that there is an alarm in the first place and if there are multiple alarms.
Winter 12-6-2018 An Economic Analysis of Incentivized Positive Reviews

It becomes increasingly popular that some large online retailers such as Amazon open their platforms to allow third-party retail competitors to sell on their own platforms. We develop an analytical model to examine this retailer marketplace model and its business impact. We assume that a leading retailer has both valuation advantage that may come from its reputation and information advantage that may come from its brand awareness. We find that the availability of relatively low-cost advertising through social media or search engine can effectively reduce the leading retailer's information advantage, and thus be an important driving force for its strategic decision to open its platform. Not only does the advertising option directly make small sellers more visible to consumers, but also incentivizes the online retailer to open its platform and dramatically increases small sellers' exposure, indirectly contributing to an even more prominent long tail phenomenon in e-commerce.
Spent Coffee Ground Oil as a Potential Alternative for Vegetable Oil Production: Evidence from Oil Content, Lipid Profiling, and Physicochemical Characterization

In this work, routinely measured physicochemical indices and lipid profiling of oil extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCG) were evaluated to assess the suitability of SCG as a new candidate for oil production. The obtained results reveal that the oil yield was 18.55±1.5 g/100g. Physicochemical indices were comparable to those of widely consumed vegetable oils in the range set in several studies. The main fatty acids of SCG oil were linoleic acid 43.20±2.19 g/100g, palmitic acid 31.78±2.02 g/100g, and oleic acid 12.68±1.15 g/100g dry basis. For sterol composition, β-sitosterol was the most abundant sterol (44.70±0.01%), followed by stigmasterol (27.57±0.01%) and campesterol (12.16±0.01%). In conclusion, this composition is typical for many other vegetable oils. Therefore, this oil may be considered a good alternative for vegetable oil production for new multi-purpose products such as cosmetic and industrial pharmaceutical uses.