Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a parsec-scale bipolar nebula around MWC 349A

We report the discovery of a bipolar nebula around the peculiar emission-line star MWC 349A using archival Spitzer Space Telescope 24 μm data. The nebula extends over several arcminutes (up to 5 pc) and has the same orientation and geometry as the well-known subarcsecond-scale (∼400 times smaller) bipolar radio nebula associated with this star. We discuss the physical relationship between MWC 349A and the nearby B0 III star MWC 349B and propose that both stars were members of a hierarchical triple system, which was ejected from the core of the Cyg OB2 association several Myr ago and recently was dissolved into a binary system (now MWC 349A) and a single unbound star (MWC 349B). Our proposal implies that MWC 349A is an evolved massive star (likely a luminous blue variable) in a binary system with a low-mass star. A possible origin of the bipolar nebula around MWC 349A is discussed.
Results in $B_s$ physics and bottomonium spectroscopy using the Belle $\Upsilon({\rm 5S})$ data

The Belle experiment at KEK accumulated a 121.4 fb-1 sample of e+e- collisions at the ϒ(5S) resonance. This sample provides ample opportunity for improving the understanding of both the properties of Bs mesons and the spectroscopy of bottomonium states. In this review we describe the recent results obtained from the Belle ϒ(5S) data.
Internal ultrastructure of the planktonic larva of the coral Porites panamensis (Anthozoa: Scleractinia)

Introduction: The scleractinian coral life cycle includes planktonic larvae that settle on the benthos, allowing the primary polyp to clone and build a sexually reproducing adult colony. The larval physiology and ecology of Eastern Tropical Pacific scleractinians needs the exploration of basic aspects such as the internal morphology of planulae. Objective: To describe histological and cytological characteristics of Porites panamensis larvae. Methods: During August-July 2019, at Islas Marias Biosphere Reserve, Central Mexican Pacific, we made 14 collections of coral larvae and identified the species with C cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene. We used a scanning electron microscope and other techniques. Results: The ectoderm was composed by heterogeneous, mono-ciliated, columnar epithelial cells. Nematocysts were clustered at the oral pole of the ectoderm, and cells were evident in the aboral pole of the ectoderm gland. The endoderm had secretory cells, lipids and symbionts. Conclusions: The abundance of secretory cells and nematocysts in the aboral pole suggests their importance in substrate exploration and larval settlement. Our results support previous descriptions of larval ultrastructure in other coral species.
Proregular sequences, local cohomology, and completion

As a certain generalization of regular sequences there is an investigation of weakly proregular sequences. Let $M$ denote an arbitrary $R$-module. As the main result it is shown that a system of elements $\underline x$ with bounded torsion is a weakly proregular sequence if and only if the cohomology of the Cech complex $\check C_{\underline x} \otimes M$ is naturally isomorphic to the local cohomology modules $H_{\mathfrak a}^i(M)$ and if and only if the homology of the co-Cech complex $\mathrm{RHom} (\check C_{\underline x}, M)$ is naturally isomorphic to $\mathrm{L}_i \Lambda^{\mathfrak a}(M),$ the left derived functors of the $\mathfrak a$-adic completion, where $\mathfrak a$ denotes the ideal generated by the elements $\underline x$. This extends results known in the case of $R$ a Noetherian ring, where any system of elements forms a weakly proregular sequence of bounded torsion. Moreover, these statements correct results previously known in the literature for proregular sequences.
Small molecule inhibitors targeting the cancers

Abstract Compared with traditional therapies, targeted therapy has merits in selectivity, efficacy, and tolerability. Small molecule inhibitors are one of the primary targeted therapies for cancer. Due to their advantages in a wide range of targets, convenient medication, and the ability to penetrate into the central nervous system, many efforts have been devoted to developing more small molecule inhibitors. To date, 88 small molecule inhibitors have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to treat cancers. Despite remarkable progress, small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment still face many obstacles, such as low response rate, short duration of response, toxicity, biomarkers, and resistance. To better promote the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting cancers, we comprehensively reviewed small molecule inhibitors involved in all the approved agents and pivotal drug candidates in clinical trials arranged by the signaling pathways and the classification of small molecule inhibitors. We discussed lessons learned from the development of these agents, the proper strategies to overcome resistance arising from different mechanisms, and combination therapies concerned with small molecule inhibitors. Through our review, we hoped to provide insights and perspectives for the research and development of small molecule inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Low energy availability and carbohydrate intake in competitive adolescent climbers

Competitive adolescent sport climbers are reported to keep very low energy intake in order to achieve the highest possible strength-to-mass ratio required for their sport. Long term low energy availability (< 30 kcal/kg fat free mass/day) is known to have a detrimental effect on health and performance. Due to the potential severity of the consequences and the lack of the data on specific population, our aim was to assess energy availability and dietary intake of 27 members of the Slovenian Youth Climbing Team (13–18 years of age). Three-day food and activity records, questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were used to determine participants’ energy availability, nutritional intake, avoidance of food groups and selected health history. Average energy availability in climbers was 27.5 ± 9.8 kcal/kg fat free mass/day and 63% of participants failed to meet the recommended 30 kcal/kg fat free mass/day. Their average carbohydrate (4.3 ± 1.3 g/kg body mass/day), calcium (780 ± 300 mg/day) and vitamin D (2.6 ± 2.3 µg/day) intake were also too low. Average protein intake was in recommended range, but 56% of participants did not meet the minimum recommended limit. Iron intake was too low in females (10 ± 5 mg/day; target 15 mg/day). Only 15% of participants reported not avoiding any food groups. The menstrual dysfunction was detected in five female climbers (36%); all had energy availability < 30 kcal/kg fat free mass/day. We recommend nutritional education of climbers, their coaches, and parents as well as regular individual nutritional assessment of competitive adolescent sport climbers.
Multi‐site nerve block catheters for postoperative analgesia in extended scapulectomy and free‐flap reconstruction

Scapulectomy is performed as a limb‐sparing procedure in the management of tumours of the proximal humerus and shoulder girdle. Analgesic outcomes following this procedure are poorly documented in the literature. In our case, satisfactory analgesia following extended scapulectomy and free‐flap reconstruction was achieved with a combination of multi‐site continuous nerve block catheters and patient‐controlled analgesia, for a patient with chronic pain who had a high pre‐operative opioid requirement. Multiple continuous nerve block catheters were used, including interscalene and paravertebral catheters to provide analgesia for the shoulder resection, with a fascia iliaca compartment catheter providing analgesia to free‐flap donor site on the the anterolateral thigh. These continuous nerve block catheters contributed to effective postoperative analgesia and low postoperative intravenous opioid requirements in this case.
Distribution and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Callinectes sapidus from Iko River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study investigates the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of Callinectes sapidus (blue crab) in the study area and evaluating the human health risk of their consumption. The tissues of concern were the gills, muscles and hepatopancreas in the male and female crab species, while the heavy metals assessed were Cd, Ni and Pb. Heavy metals levels in the tissues of Callinectes sapidus ranged as follow: Ni: hepatopancreas (182.97–313.53 mg/kg), gills (129.93–192.14mg/kg), muscles (93.09–165.84 mg/kg); Pb: hepatopancreas (22.86–39.65 mg/kg), gills (13.46–21.35 mg/kg), muscles (2.73 – 6.32 mg/kg); Cd: hepatopancreas (2.04 –9.03 mg/kg), gills (0.12–4.995 mg/kg), muscles (0.105–2.835 mg/kg), respectively. The highest metal concentrations were observed in the hepatopancreas tissue and in the female of the crab species. Furthermore, the metals’ levels were generally higher than the permissible level by FAO/WHO in seafood. To assess the heavy metals health risk to the inhabitants of the study area, the daily intake of metal (DIM) and total hazard Quotient (THQ) were estimated and were found to exceed the recommended values. The results reflect the risk of exposure for the period of life expectancy considered, and revealed that the inhabitants of the study area are highly exposed to the health risks associated with these metals.
Challenging challenge and hindrance appraisals

ABSTRACT This study extends earlier works that focused on stressor appraisals (stressor as challenge and stressor as hindrance) as mediators of stressors and psychological strains. We also tested whether psychological strains would then affect organisational outcomes. Survey data were gathered from a general sample of 237 full-time employees at three time points. The first time was a screener survey to ensure the study represented full-time working adults. After the screening survey, data on both predictor and criteria were gathered two more times. Time 1 reflects data gathered on role stressors (overload and conflict), appraisals (challenge and hindrance), and psychological strains (anxiety and tedium). Time 2 also included a set of measures targeted toward organisational attitudes (affective organisational commitment, job satisfaction) and outcome (turnover intention). Drawing from the transactional model of stress, we tested a structural equations model to the data and found that stressor appraisals did not mediate the stressor-psychological strain outcome. However, consistent with prior research, psychological strains did mediate the relationship between stressors and organisational outcomes and across all models, psychological strains measured at T1 had the highest goodness of fit. These findings suggest that self-appraisal may not be sufficient to explain the causal mechanism linking stressors to outcomes.
Fe–K LINE PROBING OF MATERIAL AROUND THE ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS CENTRAL ENGINE WITH SUZAKU

We systematically analyzed the high-quality Suzaku data of 88 Seyfert galaxies, about 31% of which are Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We obtained a clear relation between the absorption column density and the equivalent width (EW) of the 6.4 keV line above 1023 cm−2, suggesting a wide-ranging column density of 1023–1024.5 cm−2 with a similar solid and an Fe abundance of 0.7–1.3 solar for Seyfert 2 galaxies. The EWs of the 6.4 keV line for Seyfert 1 galaxies are typically 40–120 eV, suggesting the existence of Compton-thick matter like the torus with a column density of >1023 cm−2 and a solid angle of (0.15–0.4) × 4π, and no difference of neutral matter is visible between Seyfert 1 and 2 galaxies. An absorber with a lower column density of 1021–1023 cm−2 for Compton-thin Seyfert 2 galaxies is suggested to be not a torus but an interstellar medium. These constraints can be understood by the fact that the 6.4 keV line intensity ratio against the 10–50 keV flux is almost identical within a range of 2–3 in many Seyfert galaxies. Interestingly, objects exist with a low EW, 10–30 eV, of the 6.4 keV line, suggesting that those torus subtends only a small solid angle of <0.2 × 4π. Thanks to high-quality data with a good signal-to-noise ratio and the accurate continuum determination of Suzaku, ionized Fe–Kα emission or absorption lines are detected from several percent of AGNs. Considering the ionization state and EW, emitters and absorbers of ionized Fe–K lines can be explained by the same origin, and highly ionized matter is located at the broad-line region. The rapid increase in EW of the ionized Fe–K emission lines at NH>1023 cm−2 indicates that the column density of the ionized material also increases together with that of the cold material. It is found that these features seem to change for brighter objects with more than several 1044 erg s−1 such that the Fe–K line features become weak. This extends the previously known X-ray Baldwin effect on the neutral Fe–Kα line to ionized emission or absorption lines. The luminosity dependence of these properties, regardless of the scatter of black hole mass by two orders of magnitudes, indicates that the ionized material is associated with the structure of the parent galaxy rather than the outflow from the nucleus.
Propagator poles and an emergent stable state below threshold: general discussion and the E(38) state

In the framework of a simple quantum field theory describing the decay of a scalar state into two (pseudo)scalar ones we study the pole(s) motion(s) of its propagator: besides the expected pole on the second Riemann sheet, we find — for a large enough coupling constant — a second, additional pole on the first Riemann sheet below threshold, which corresponds to a stable state. We then perform a numerical study for a hadronic system in which a scalar particle couples to pions. We investigate under which conditions a stable state below the two-pion threshold can emerge. In particular, we study the case in which this stable state has a mass of 38 MeV, which corresponds to the recently claimed novel scalar state E(38). Moreover, we also show that the resonance f0(500) and the stable state E(38) could be two different manifestations of the same "object". Finally, we also estimate the order of magnitude of its coupling to photons.
Bell's Polynomials and Laplace Transform of Higher Order Nested Functions

Using Bell’s polynomials it is possible to approximate the Laplace Transform of composite functions. The same methodology can be adopted for the evaluation of the Laplace Transform of higher-order nested functions. In this case, a suitable extension of Bell’s polynomials, as previously introduced in the scientific literature, is used, namely higher order Bell’s polynomials used in the representation of the derivatives of multiple nested functions. Some worked examples are shown, and some of the polynomials used are reported in the Appendices.
Nonlinear dynamics of the media addiction model using the fractal-fractional derivative technique

Excessive use of social media is a developing concern in the twenty-first century. This issue needs to be addressed before it has any more significant consequences than what we are currently experiencing. As a preventive technique, advertisements and awareness-raising campaigns about the detrimental impact of digital technologies are used. The application of novel mathematical techniques and terminologies in this field of study will have significant potential to enhance healthy living by preventing certain ailments. This is the most compelling justification for conducting a new study with the most up-to-date techniques at our disposal. This study investigates clear and concise transmission in order to generate a deterministic mathematical model of social media addiction S M A using the fractal-fractional (FF) derivative operator. Also, the analysis of the S M A model in terms of the invariant domain, the existence of a positive invariant solution, and equilibria assumptions are stated in a detailed manner. Besides that, the basic reproduction number ℝ 0 < 1 is computed, demonstrating that the proposed methodology is more efficacious. The Atangana-Baleanu FF differential operators are recently defined in FF differential operators that are applied to characterize the S M A model’s mathematical algorithm. We investigated the numerical behaviour of the S M A in three ways: (i) changing the fractional-order α as well as the fractal-dimension ℘ ; (ii) changing α while keeping ℘ constant; and (iii) changing ℘ while keeping α constant. Our examined visualizations and simulation studies using MATLAB for the numerical modelling of the aforementioned system showed that the novel developed Atangana-Baleanu FF differential operators produce remarkable results when compared to the classical frame.
Discovery of Super-Thin Disks in Nearby Edge-on Spiral Galaxies

We report the identification of a super-thin disk (h_z~60 pc) in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 891. This component is only apparent after we perform a physically motivated attenuation correction, based on detailed radiation transfer models, to our sub-arcsecond resolution near-infrared imaging. In addition to the super-thin disk, we are also find several structural features near the center of NGC 891, including an inner disk truncation at ~3 kpc. Inner disk truncations may be commonplace among massive spiral galaxies, possibly due to the effects of instabilities, such as bars. Having successfully demonstrated our methods, we are poised to apply them to a small sample of nearby edge-on galaxies, consisting both of massive and low-mass spirals.
Eta and eta' meson masses from Nf=2+1+1 twisted mass lattice QCD

We determine mass and flavour content of eta and eta' states using Nf=2+1+1 Wilson twisted mass lattice QCD. We describe how those flavour singlet states need to be treated in this lattice formulation. Results are presented for two values of the lattice spacing, a~0.08 fm and a~0.09 fm, with a range of light quark masses corresponding to values of the pion mass from 270 to 500 MeV and fixed bare strange and charm quark mass values.
MÉTODOS DE AVALIAÇÃO ANTIMICROBIANA DE EXTRATOS DE DIFERENTES VARIEDADES DE Olea europaea L.: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

A oliveira (Olea europaea) é uma árvore característica da Região Mediterrânea, conhecida mundialmente pelo seu fruto, a azeitona. É um dos cultivos mais antigos, principalmente devido a fácil adaptação às adversidades ambientais. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, seu cultivo teve início em 1948 e vem apresentando grande destaque. Entre outros compostos produzidos pela oliveira, os fenólicos, especialmente os polifenóis hidroxitirosol e a oleuropeína, demonstraram ação antimicrobiana in vitro, porém existem poucos relatos sobre a atividade antifúngica. O objetivo desta revisão foi relatar a atividade antimicrobiana de O. europaea e comparar os resultados dos testes realizados com as distintas variedades e extratos. Foram selecionados onze trabalhos publicados entre os anos de 2000 e 2018. Os experimentos avaliados neste estudo permitiram concluir que os diferentes extratos da oliveira, preparados através de uma extração simples, apresentaram uma satisfatória atividade antimicrobiana in vitro. A variedade Arbequina e o método de difusão em ágar foram os mais utilizados nos experimentos analisados. Os extratos da oliveira têm demonstrado resultados promissores relacionados a efeitos anti-inflamatórios, antioxidantes e antimicrobianos. Estudos in vivo são necessários para confirmar a atividade terapêutica dos diversos compostos da árvore.
Variation of bulk Lorentz factor in AGN jets due to Compton rocket in a complex photon field

Radio-loud active galactic nuclei are among the most powerful objects in the universe. In these objects, most of the emission comes from relativistic jets getting their power from the accretion of matter onto supermassive black holes. However, despite the number of studies, a jet's acceleration to relativistic speeds is still poorly understood. It is widely known that jets contain relativistic particles that emit radiation through several physical processes, one of them being the inverse Compton scattering of photons coming from external sources. In the case of a plasma composed of electrons and positrons continuously heated by the turbulence, inverse Compton scattering can lead to relativistic bulk motions through the Compton rocket effect. We investigate this process and compute the resulting bulk Lorentz factor in the complex photon field of an AGN composed of several external photon sources. We consider various sources here: the accretion disk, the dusty torus, and the broad line region. We take their geometry and anisotropy carefully into account in order to numerically compute the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet at every altitude. The study, made for a broad range of parameters, shows interesting and unexpected behaviors of the bulk Lorentz factor, exhibiting acceleration and deceleration zones in the jet. We investigate the patterns of the bulk Lorentz factor along the jet depending on the source sizes and on the observation angle and we finally show that these patterns can induce variability in the AGN emission with timescales going from hours to months.
Microcrystals and Amorphous Material in Comets and Primitive Meteorites: Keys to Understanding Processes in the Early Solar System

Comets, fine-grained matrices of chondrites, and chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) are each composed of both crystalline and amorphous silicates. The primitive solar nebula, in which comets and asteroids accreted, was formed from the collapsed core of a Giant Molecular Cloud, that, in turn, condensed from materials present in the interstellar medium (ISM). Despite observations that reveal the presence of crystalline magnesium silicate minerals in the shells of very high mass-loss-rate stars [1,2], typical silicate grains in the ISM are most likely to be amorphous, given their relatively long residence time in such a high radiation environment. An upper limit of ~3% crystalline grains can be derived from their non-detection in spectra of ISM solids [3]. If the vast majority of grains that enter the primitive solar nebula are amorphous, then the observation of crystalline dust in comets and primitive chondrite matrices indicates the action of specific processes required to transform the amorphous starting materials into the crystals that are observed.
Team Formation with Negative Links

Team formation is the problem of ﬁnding a team of experts that can effectively perform a task that requires a number of skills. Good communication among team members is of great importance and thus the social network of the experts must be taken into account. In this paper, we study the problem of ﬁnding a team of experts, in a social network, that also contains negative edges between experts. To the best of our knowledge, existing algorithms for team formation were designed for networks that contain only positive edges. Our goal is to minimize the communication cost function of the team’s subgraph. As this problem is NP-Hard, we extend an existing approximation algorithm for team formation that is designed for this problem, to also take into account negative links. We experimented on a real dataset that contains negative edges and showed that effective teams were produced using our extension.