Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UTILE-Gen: Automated Image Analysis in Nanoscience Using Synthetic Dataset Generator and Deep Learning

This work presents the development and implementation of a deep learning-based workflow for autonomous image analysis in nanoscience. A versatile, agnostic, and configurable tool was developed to generate instance-segmented imaging datasets of nanoparticles. The synthetic generator tool employs domain randomization to expand the image/mask pairs dataset for training supervised deep learning models. The approach eliminates tedious manual annotation and allows training of high-performance models for microscopy image analysis based on convolutional neural networks. We demonstrate how the expanded training set can significantly improve the performance of the classification and instance segmentation models for a variety of nanoparticle shapes, ranging from spherical-, cubic-, to rod-shaped nanoparticles. Finally, the trained models were deployed in a cloud-based analytics platform for the autonomous particle analysis of microscopy images.
Quantifying the use of structure in cognitive tasks

Modern algorithms that process images to be viewed by humans analyze the images strictly as signals, where processing is typically limited to the pixel and frequency domains. The continuum of visual processing by the human visual system (HVS) from signal analysis to cognition indicates that the signal-processing based model of the HVS could be extended to include some higher-level, structural processing. An experiment was conducted to study the relative importance of higher-level, structural representations and lower-level, signal-based representations of natural images in a cognitive task. Structural representations preserve the overall image organization necessary to recognize the image content and discard the finer details of objects such at textures. Signal-based representations (i.e. digital photographs) decompose an image in terms of its frequency, orientation, and contrast. Participants viewed sequences of images from either structural or signal-based representations, where subsequent images in the sequence reveal additional detail or visual information from the source image. When the content was recognizable, participants were instructed to provide a description of that image in the sequence. The descriptions were subjectively evaluated to identify a participant's recognition threshold for a particular image representation. The results from this experiment suggest that signal-based representations possess meaning to human observers when the proportion of high frequency content, which conveys shape information, exceeds a seemingly fixed proportion. Additional comparisons among the representations chosen for this experiment provide insight toward quantifying their significance in cognition and developing a rudimentary measure of visual entropy.
YouTube as a Source of Patient Information on Oral Manifestations of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Its Utility, Dependability, and Content

Objectives This study aims to assess the quality of the most viewed videos on the YouTube website describing the oral manifestations of COVID-19 and appraise the medical information in the content. Materials and methods The top 200 most-viewed videos on YouTube using the keywords "COVID-19 oral manifestation," "oral symptoms of COVID-19," "oral lesions of COVID-19," "coronavirus and oral findings," and "dental manifestation of COVID-19" were analyzed. Two independent reviewers classified the English-language videos as useful, misleading, or personal views and identified the source of the videos. Reliability was calculated on a 5-point scale adapted from the DISCERN tool. The global quality scale (GQS) was used to determine the quality of the videos. In addition, the completeness of the information regarding the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic tests, and treatment of COVID-19 oral manifestations was evaluated. Results After excluding non-English and irrelevant videos, 55 videos were analyzed. Thirty-two videos were classified as useful. Independent users uploaded the most videos (19, 51%). The mean reliability and GQS scores for useful videos were (3.24+1.4) and (2+0.75), respectively. The GQS score was significantly related to the reliability score (p<0.01). Videos scoring high in GQS also show high-reliability scores. In addition, videos with high GQS scores showed more comprehensive content, scoring >9 in the content aspect. The COVID tongue was the most discussed topic, followed by oral ulcers and oral mucormycosis. Conclusions Most of the YouTube videos were useful and had moderate quality. However, they show low reliability and lack comprehensive medical information on the topic. Healthcare providers should play a more active role in the educational information given on social media (SM) during global disease outbreaks.
Fisher Scoring Method for Parameter Estimation of Geographically Weighted Ordinal Logistic Regression (GWOLR) Model

GWOLR model combines geographically weighted regression (GWR) and (ordinal logistic reression) OLR models. Its parameter estimation employs maximum likelihood estimation. Such parameter estimation, however, yields difficult-to-solve system of nonlinear equations, and therefore numerical approximation approach is required. The iterative approximation approach, in general, uses Newton-Raphson (NR) method. The NR method has a disadvantage—its Hessian matrix is always the second derivatives of each iteration so it does not always produce converging results. With regard to this matter, NR model is modified by substituting its Hessian matrix into Fisher information matrix, which is termed Fisher scoring (FS). The present research seeks to determine GWOLR model parameter estimation using Fisher scoring method and apply the estimation on data of the level of vulnerability to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Semarang. The research concludes that health facilities give the greatest contribution to the probability of the number of DHF sufferers in both villages. Based on the number of the sufferers, IR category of DHF in both villages can be determined.
Facial fillers: Relevant anatomy, injection techniques, and complications

Abstract Objective The aim of this review article is to discuss the currently available facial fillers, their differences and indications, relevant anatomy, injection techniques, and avoidance and management of complications. Data Sources Clinical experience and scientific papers. Conclusions Reversal of facial aging via filler injection has been around since the late 1800s with the initial use of detrimental products. Today, many safe and effective products exist and can be tailored to the individual patient's desired effect. With the evolution of both products and injection techniques, the rate of complications with facial filler use is low. Nonetheless, providers offering facial filler injections should have detailed knowledge of facial anatomy, including facial planes and soft tissue compartments. Multiple injection techniques exist. Different techniques should be used, depending on the anatomic target. Providers should also know how to avoid and manage complications.
Une collection de modèles 3D avec vérité-terrain pour l’évaluation objective des algorithmes de segmentation

Dans cet article nous presentons une nouvelle methode d’evaluation des algorithmes de segmentation de maillages 3D basee sur une verite-terrain. Cette derniere est representee par une collection de modeles 3D de differentes classes (animaux, humanoides, etc.) accompagnes de leurs segmentations manuelles effectuees par des operateurs humains. Nous definissons egalement une mesure qui permet de quantifier la consistance entre la verite-terrain et les segmentations obtenues par des algorithmes automatiques afin d’evaluer leur qualite d’une maniere objective. Cette mesure consiste a calculer l’ecart geometrique entre deux segmentations. Notre approche est illustree par l’evaluation de deux algorithmes recents de segmentation automatique.
Enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients

SUMMARY Chicken meat products that are ready-to-cook/ready-to-eat are gaining popularity among the consumers due to their ease of preparation/consumption. In the present global scenario, there is a considerable demand for health oriented, minimally processed poultry products with all natural ingredients. Hence, there is prime need for the value addition of chicken meat by developing functional foods, focusing on the health benefits of the consumers. The role of dietary fibre in the nutrition is immense in maintaining the human well-being, and in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, colon cancer and several other health disorders. Since meat is devoid of dietary fibre, extensive research works are being carried out on enrichment of chicken meat with dietary fibre sources as functional ingredients in the chicken meat products. In this review, the significance of dietary fibres in human nutrition, various types of dietary fibre sources and their utilisation in the development of chicken meat products will be discussed.
Do grid codes afford generalization and flexible decision-making?

Scientific question Grid-like codes in the human entorhinal cortex (EC) have been proposed to take part in learning and representing structural knowledge, which enables efficient planning and model-based decision-making. However, it has not yet been established whether these grid-like codes serve to transfer learning and to generalize previous experiences for inferences in novel situations. Do grid codes provide consistent context-invariant representations of structural relationships or do they flexibly switch their reference frame according to the current task demand to plan/discover optimal decision policy? Here we aim to reveal the constraints, conditions, and potential transformations of grid codes in the human brain that would afford flexible generalization.
The Utility of 4D-CT Imaging in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Management in a Low-Volume Center

Background: Ultrasonography (US) and the 99mTc-sestamibi parathyroid scan (SPS) may have suboptimal accuracy when detecting the localization of enlarged parathyroid gland(s) (PTG). Therefore, the more accurate four-dimensional computed tomography scan (4D-CT) has been employed for PTG imaging. Currently, there is a paucity of data evaluating the utility of 4D-CT in low caseload settings. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the impact of PTG imaging, using 4D-CT in conjunction with its intraoperatively displayed results, on the outcomes of surgical PTX. Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis of surgically treated patients with pHPT from 01/2010 to 01/2021 was conducted. An evaluation of the impact of the preoperative imaging modalities on the results of surgical treatment was carried out. Results: During the study period, 290 PTX were performed; 45 cases were excluded due to surgery for secondary, tertiary or recurrent HPT, or due to the use of alternative imaging techniques. The remaining 245 patients were included in the study. US was carried out for PTG imaging in 236 (96.3%), SPS in 93 (38.0%), and 4D-CT in 52 patients (21.2%). The use of 4D-CT was associated with a significantly higher rate of successful localization of enlarged PTG (49 cases, 94.2%) compared to US and SPS (74 cases, 31.4%, and 54 cases, 58.1%, respectively). We distinguished between three groups of patients based on preoperative imaging: (1) PTG lateralization via US or SPS in 106 (43.3%) cases; (2) precise localization of PTG via 4D-CT in 49 (20.0%) patients; and (3) in 90 cases (36.7%), PTG imaging failed to localize an enlarged gland. The group of 4D-CT localization had significantly shorter operative time, lower rate of simultaneous thyroid resections, as well as lower rate of removal of ≥2 PTG, compared to the other groups. The 4D-CT imaging was also associated with the lowest perioperative morbidity and with the lowest median PTH in the one month follow-up; however, compared to the other groups, these differences were statistically not significant. The implementation of 4D-CT (since 01/2018) was associated with a decrease in the need for redo surgery (from 11.5% to 7.3%) and significantly increased the annual case load of PTX at our institution (from 15.3 to 41.0) compared to the period before 4D-CT diagnostics. Conclusions: 4D-CT imaging enabled to precisely locate almost 95% of enlarged PTG in patients with pHPT. Accurate localization and intraoperatively displayed imaging results are useful guides for surgeons to make PTX a faster and safer procedure in a low-volume center.
Negative psychological and physiological effects of social networking site use: The example of Facebook

Social networking sites (SNS), with Facebook as a prominent example, have become an integral part of our daily lives and more than four billion people worldwide use SNS. However, the (over-)use of SNS also poses both psychological and physiological risks. In the present article, we review the scientific literature on the risk of Facebook (over-)use. Addressing this topic is critical because evidence indicates the development of problematic Facebook use (“Facebook addiction”) due to excessive and uncontrolled use behavior with various psychological and physiological effects. We conducted a review to examine the scope, range, and nature of prior empirical research on the negative psychological and physiological effects of Facebook use. Our literature search process revealed a total of 232 papers showing that Facebook use is associated with eight major psychological effects (perceived anxiety, perceived depression, perceived loneliness, perceived eating disorders, perceived self-esteem, perceived life satisfaction, perceived insomnia, and perceived stress) and three physiological effects (physiological stress, human brain alteration, and affective experience state). The review also describes how Facebook use is associated with these effects and provides additional details on the reviewed literature, including research design, sample, age, and measures. Please note that the term “Facebook use” represents an umbrella term in the present work, and in the respective sections it will be made clear what kind of Facebook use is associated with a myriad of investigated psychological variables. Overall, findings indicate that certain kinds of Facebook use may come along with significant risks, both psychologically and physiologically. Based on our review, we also identify potential avenues for future research.
Rendering Discrete Participating Media with Geometrical Optics Approximation

(27) which express the scattered fields in terms of an infinite series of spherical multipole partial waves. Here, an(r) and bn(r) are the Lorenz-Mie coefficients of particle size r; πn(cos θ) and τn(cos θ) are derived from the Legendre functions. Please refer to [7] for the details and the expressions of an(r), bn(r), πn(cos θ), and τn(cos θ). Inserting the expression of S(0, r) = S1(0, r) = S2(0, r) into Eq. (3), we can obtain a well-defined form of the extinction cross section as [8]
A validated LC-MS/MS method for studying the pharmacokinetic interaction of Immusante® and antiviral drugs in rats

A revisit through history reveals that viral outbreaks like smallpox, polio, measles, Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, middle east respiratory syndrome, HIV, Dengue, and Hanta to the current pandemic COVID-19 have jeopardised millions of lives across the globe. Currently, there is no vaccine available for many viral diseases. Hence, we rely on anti-viral therapies that target various phases of viral replication. Patients across the world also consume herbal supplements to gain an effective therapeutic approach by enhancing the body’s innate immune mechanism and manage the side effects. Immunomodulators like Immusante ® , a herbal formulation composed of Shanta ( Prosopis glandulosa) and Lodhra ( Symplocos racemose ) proprietorship of “Himalaya Wellness Company” is commonly used as an adjuvant therapy along with anti-viral, anti-tubercular, and anti-cancer drugs to support impaired immune system and increase the chance of long-term disease-free state by mitigating relapse. With growing understanding of plant-based complementary or alternative medicine, it is necessary to assess the herb–drug interactions. The present study aims to establish a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) drug interaction model ( in vivo ) for real-time quantification of Acyclovir, Lamivudine, and Amantadine in rat plasma based on bioanalytical method validation guidelines recommended by USFDA. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated to assess the drug interaction studies and our results suggest that Immusante ® may be used as an adjuvant along with these potent antiviral drugs as it does not possess any pharmacokinetic interactions
Dynamic Assortment Selection Under Inventory and Limited Switches Constraints

Optimizing the assortment of products to display to customers is key to increasing revenue for both offline and online retailers. To trade-off between exploring customers’ preferences and exploiting customers’ choices learned from data, in this article, by adopting the Multi-Nomial Logit (MNL) choice model to capture customers’ choices over products, we study the problem of optimizing assortments over a planning horizon <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hongbin-ieq1-3301649.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> for maximizing the profit of the retailer. To make the problem setting more practical, we consider both the inventory constraint and the limited switches constraint, where the retailer is forced to stop the sales when the resources are depleted and is forbidden to switch the assortment shown to customers too many times. Such a setting suits the case when an online retailer wants to optimize the assortment selection for a population of customers dynamically. We develop an efficient UCB-like algorithm to optimize the assortments while learning customers’ choices from data. We prove that our algorithm can achieve a sub-linear regret bound <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tilde{O}(T^{\max \lbrace 2/3-\alpha /3,1/2\rbrace })$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>˜</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo movablelimits="true" form="prefix">max</mml:mo><mml:mo>{</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>}</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hongbin-ieq2-3301649.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> if <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(T^\alpha)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="hongbin-ieq3-3301649.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> switches are allowed. Extensive numerical experiments show that our algorithm outperforms baselines, and the gap between our algorithm's performance and the theoretical upper bound is small.
Numerical study of heat transfer enhancement due to the use of fractal-shaped design for impingement cooling

This paper describes a numerical analysis of a heat transfer enhancement technique that introduces fractal-shaped design for impingement cooling. Based on the gas turbine combustion chamber cooling, a fractal-shaped nozzle is designed for the constant flow area in a single impingement cooling model. The incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are applied to the system using CFD software. The numerical results are compared with the experiment results for array impingement cooling.
Iterative tomographic X-Ray phase reconstruction

Phase contrast imaging has been of growing interest in the biomedical field, since it provides an enhanced contrast compared to attenuation-based imaging. Actually, the phase shift of the incoming X-ray beam induced by an object can be up to three orders of magnitude higher than its attenuation, particularly for soft tissues in the imaging energy range. Phase contrast can be, among others existing techniques, achieved by letting a coherent X-ray beam freely propagate after the sample. In this case, the obtained and recorded signals can be modeled as Fresnel diffraction patterns. The challenge of quantitative phase imaging is to retrieve, from these diffraction patterns, both the attenuation and the phase information of the imaged object, quantities that are non-linearly entangled in the recorded signal. In this work we consider developments and applications of X-ray phase micro and nano-CT. First, we investigated the reconstruction of seeded bone scaffolds using sed multiple distance phase acquisitions. Phase retrieval is here performed using the mixed approach, based on a linearization of the contrast model, and followed by filtered-back projection. We implemented an automatic version of the phase reconstruction process, to allow for the reconstruction of large sets of samples. The method was applied to bone scaffold data in order to study the influence of different bone cells cultures on bone formation. Then, human bone samples were imaged using phase nano-CT, and the potential of phase nano-imaging to analyze the morphology of the lacuno-canalicular network is shown. We applied existing tools to further characterize the mineralization and the collagen orientation of these samples. Phase retrieval, however, is an ill-posed inverse problem. A general reconstruction method does not exist. Existing methods are either sensitive to low frequency noise, or put stringent requirements on the imaged object. Therefore, we considered the joint inverse problem of combining both phase retrieval and tomographic reconstruction. We proposed an innovative algorithm for this problem, which combines phase retrieval and tomographic reconstruction into a single iterative regularized loop, where a linear phase contrast model is coupled with an algebraic tomographic reconstruction algorithm. This algorithm is applied to numerical simulated data.
Improvement of radiation response of SiC MOSFETs under high temperature and humidity conditions

The response of hexagonal (4H) silicon carbide (SiC) power metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) to gamma-ray irradiation was investigated under elevated temperature and humid conditions. The shift in drain current–gate voltage (ID–VG) curves towards negative voltages and the leakage of ID with a current hump due to elevated temperature irradiation were suppressed under high humidity conditions relative to dry conditions. This result can be explained in terms of the reduction in trapped oxide charge and oxide–SiC interface traps generated by irradiation due to the humid conditions. In addition, during irradiation at elevated temperature in humid conditions, electron traps at the oxide–SiC interface obviously decrease at doses above 100 kGy.