Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Landscape of Geriatric Fellow Scholarly Activity Participation: Findings From a National Survey of Program Directors

Introduction As the US population continues to age, there is a critical need for geriatricians to be trained and engaged in research to inform high-quality care for older adults. Our objective was to understand the extent, type, barriers, and facilitators of research training and the attitudes toward research training and scholarly activity among Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited US geriatric fellowship programs. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of geriatric fellowship program directors from September to November 2022. Surveys assessing program characteristics, requirements for scholarly activity, director demographics, and director attitudes toward scholarly activity were distributed via email. We used descriptive statistics to assess fellowship scholarly activity requirements, facilitators, and perceived barriers. Results The survey response rate was 35.3% (41/116 programs). Most programs (82.9%) required participation in scholarly activity and provided protected time (73.2%). Definitions of scholarly activities greatly differed among programs. The most common scholarly activity requirements included participation in a scholarly project (70.7%) or local presentation (46.3%). The short duration of fellowship was the most common major barrier, reported by 70.7% of directors. Lastly, 34.1% of directors indicated satisfaction with the quality of research training provided, while 65.9% of directors reported satisfaction with the opportunities provided to participate in scholarly activities. Conclusions Overall, program requirements, facilitators, and perceived barriers to scholarly activity were heterogeneous among US geriatric program directors. Additionally, only about one-third of directors were satisfied with the research training provided. Our future work will compare the attitudes and reported barriers/facilitators of program director and fellow participants toward participation in scholarly activity.
Comparison of Stress Level, Habitual Physical Activity Level and Immune Profile of People Living With HIV

The objective of this study was to compare the level of stress, the habitual level of Physical Activity and the immunological profile of people living with HIV. The present study had as sample 307 individuals of both sexes, X̅ = 46.8 ± 9.2 years, with positive HIV serology. Socioeconomic information was collected using an instrument, CD4+ lymphocyte count and HIV viral load were collected from the patients' medical records. Stress level was assessed using Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory (ISSL), and Baecke's questionnaire was used to classify physical activity level. The Man-Whitney test was used to compare the variables and the Spearman test to verify the relationship between the variables adopting p < 0.05 as the significance level. As a result, the study showed that 26.9% of the individuals are in the stress exhaustion phase, in relation to the level of physical activity, 28.2% were identified as "active", 23.1% as "very active", 23.1% as "insufficiently active", and 24.1% as "sedentary". The presence of stress was prevalent in sedentary individuals (13.6%) with longer duration of infection (27.3%) and with lymphocyte counts above 500mm (43.3%). The CD4+ count showed a significant result when compared to the level of stress, (U=1848.50; p=0.02). A relationship between depression/anxiety and stress was identified (r = 0.407; p > 0.001). We conclude that the presence of stress has an effect on TCD4+ count and that the higher the depression/anxiety symptoms the higher the stress level in PLHIV. Keywords: Viral Load, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Psychological Stress, HIV
J OURNÉES É QUATIONS AUX DÉRIVÉES PARTIELLES

© Journées Équations aux dérivées partielles, 1996, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Journées Équations aux dérivées partielles » (http://www. math.sciences.univ-nantes.fr/edpa/) implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
ff ect of classi fi er selection , reference sample size , reference class distribution and scene heterogeneity in per-pixel classi fi cation accuracy using 26 Landsat sites

A major issue in land cover mapping is classifier selection. Here we investigated classifier performance under different sample sizes, reference class distribution, and scene complexities. Twenty six 10 km × 10 km blocks with complete reference information across the continental US are used. Per-pixel classification took place using six spectral bands from Landsat imagery. The tested classifiers included Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Bootstrap-aggregation ensemble of decision trees (BagTE), artificial neural network up to 2 hidden layers, and deep neural network (DNN) up to 3 hidden layers. For the entire block, our accuracy assessment indicated that all classifiers, with the exception of NB (a Maximum Likelihood variant), performed similarly. However, when we concentrated on edge pixels (pixels at the border of adjacent land cover classes), it was clear that the SVM and KNN offer considerable accuracy advantages, especially for larger reference datasets. Because of their relatively low execution times SVM and KNN would be recommended for classifications using Landsat's spectral inputs and Anderson's 11-level classification scheme. However, both SVM and KNN demonstrated substantial accuracy degradation during the parameter grid search. For this reason, an exhaustive parameter optimization process is suggested. While the ANN and DNN neural network variants did not perform as well, their performance may have been restricted by the lack of rich contextual information in our simple six band per-pixel input space. The effect of class distribution in the training dataset was also evident on the calculated accuracy metric. Gradual accuracy degradation as edge pixel presence increased was also observed. Future work could focus on data-rich classification problems such as change detection using Landsat stacks or expand in high spectral or spatial resolution sensors.
17 DETERMINATION OF CHLORIDE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT USING TWO DIFFERENT STEADY-STATE METHODS : INFLUENCE OF CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

The calculation of chloride transport coefficient into a concrete structure could be obtained from several techniques by conventional or accelerated diffusion tests in steady state conditions. In this paper an experimental series of tests was conducted on mortar samples by the traditional diffusion test in steady state conditions. The variation of concentration gradient is obtained by modifying the thickness of the samples and the chloride concentration in the upstream cell. At the end of the test, the effective chloride diffusion coefficient is determined for each sample. An other series of experiments consisted to test the same samples in an accelerated diffusion cell apparatus. This steady state method using an electrical field should accelerate the process of chloride penetration and then reduce the test duration. A correlation between the two measurement methods is presented. The chloride diffusion coefficient of both methods is discussed considering the effect of sample thickness and the initial chloride concentration in the upstream cell. Finally, a proposition for determination of the binding isotherm from a migration test is presented. Kevwords: Diffusion, Migration, Chloride concentration, Interactions, Chloride bindingcapacity.
Works Title U . S . Daily Temperatures : The Meaning of Extremes in the Context of Nonnormality Permalink

Variations in extreme daily temperatures are explored in relation to changes in seasonal mean temperature using 1218 high-quality U.S. temperature stations spanning 1900–2012. Extreme temperatures are amplified (or damped) by as much as 650% relative to changes in average temperature, depending on region, season, and whether daily minimum or maximum temperature is analyzed. The majority of this regional structure in amplification is shown to follow from regional variations in temperature distributions.More specifically, there exists a close relationship between departures from normality and the degree to which extreme changes are amplified relative to the mean. To distinguish between intraseasonal and interannual contributions to nonnormality and amplification, an additional procedure, referred to as z bootstrapping, is introduced that controls for changes in the mean and variance between years. Application of z bootstrapping indicates that amplification of winter extreme variations is generally consistent with nonnormal intraseasonal variability. Summer variability, in contrast, shows interannual variations in the spread of the temperature distribution related to changes in the mean, especially in theMidwest. Changes in midwestern temperature variability are qualitatively consistent with those expected from decreases in evapotranspiration and are strongly correlated with a measure of drought intensity. The identified patterns of interannual variations in means and extremes may serve as an analog for modes of variability that can be expected at longer time scales.
Ovary of Zebrafish during Spawning Season: Ultrastructure and Immunohistochemical Profiles of Sox9 and Myostatin

Simple Summary Reproduction is a pivotal physiological process in various biological organisms. As the zebrafish has been suggested as a model for the study of numerous aspects of ovarian development, this research aimed to pinpoint the cellular and microenvironmental changes of the ovary in zebrafish during the spawning season, in addition to providing information on the ovarian expression of Sox9 and myostatin. Various stages of oogenesis were described. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed SOX9 and myostatin expression in primary and pre-vitellogenic oocytes and the theca cell layers. Moreover, a wide diversity of cells was detected in the ovarian stroma. Collectively, the findings of this study support the importance of the zebrafish ovary as a model for follicular development studies. Abstract This study sought to examine the ovarian cellular and stromal components of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) throughout the spawning season using light and electron microscopic tools. The ovaries of zebrafish showed oocytes in all stages of follicular development and degeneration (atresia). Six stages of oogenesis were demonstrated: oogonia, early oocytes, late oocytes, vacuolated follicles, the yolk globule stage (vitellogenesis), and mature follicles. The SOX9 protein was expressed in the ooplasm of the primary and previtellogenic oocytes and the theca cell layer of the mature follicles. Myostatin was expressed in the granulosa and theca cells. Many stem cells in the ovarian stroma expressed myostatin and SOX9. During the spawning season, the EM results indicated that the zona radiata increased in thickness and was crossed perpendicularly by pore canals that contained processes from both oocytes and zona granulosa. The granulosa cells contained many mitochondria, rER, sER, and vesicles. Meanwhile, the thecal layer consisted of fibroblast-like cells. Atretic follicles could be demonstrated that involved both oocytes and their follicular walls. Several types of cells were distinguished in the ovarian stroma, including mast cells, telocytes, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endocrine cells, macrophages, adipocytes, dendritic cells, and steroidogenic (stromal) cells. The ovary of the zebrafish serves as a model to investigate follicular development.
A Review of Merged High-Resolution Satellite Precipitation Product Accuracy during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Era

AbstractA great deal of expertise in satellite precipitation estimation has been developed during the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) era (1998–2015). The quantification of errors associated with satellite precipitation products (SPPs) is crucial for a correct use of these datasets in hydrological applications, climate studies, and water resources management. This study presents a review of previous work that focused on validating SPPs for liquid precipitation during the TRMM era through comparisons with surface observations, both in terms of mean errors and detection capabilities across different regions of the world. Several SPPs have been considered: TMPA 3B42 (research and real-time products), CPC morphing technique (CMORPH), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP; both the near-real-time and the Motion Vector Kalman filter products), PERSIANN, and PERSIANN–Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS). Topography, seasonality, and climatology were shown to play a role in the SPP’s p.
Vehicle Detection and Attribution from a Multi-Sensor Dataset Using a Rule-Based Approach Combined with Data Fusion

Vehicle detection using data fusion techniques from overhead platforms (RGB/MSI imagery and LiDAR point clouds) with vector and shape data can be a powerful tool in a variety of fields, including, but not limited to, national security, disaster relief efforts, and traffic monitoring. Knowing the location and number of vehicles in a given area can provide insight into the surrounding activities and patterns of life, as well as support decision-making processes. While researchers have developed many approaches to tackling this problem, few have exploited the multi-data approach with a classical technique. In this paper, a primarily LiDAR-based method supported by RGB/MSI imagery and road network shapefiles has been developed to detect stationary vehicles. The addition of imagery and road networks, when available, offers an improved classification of points from LiDAR data and helps to reduce false positives. Furthermore, detected vehicles can be assigned various 3D, relational, and spectral attributes, as well as height profiles. This method was evaluated on the Houston, TX dataset provided by the IEEE 2018 GRSS Data Fusion Contest, which includes 1476 ground truth vehicles from LiDAR data. On this dataset, the algorithm achieved a 92% precision and 92% recall. It was also evaluated on the Vaihingen, Germany dataset provided by ISPRS, as well as data simulated using an image generation model called DIRSIG. Some known limitations of the algorithm include false positives caused by low vegetation and the inability to detect vehicles (1) in extremely close proximity with high precision and (2) from low-density point clouds.
LAND APPLICATION OF COALBED METHANE PRODUCED WATER: CHANGES IN SOIL CHEMISTRY THROUGH TIME 1

Federal and State agencies, special interest groups, energy companies, and the public debate the methods used to manage groundwater produced through coalbed natural gas (CBNG) operations. Coalbed natural gas produced water is unaltered groundwater that is typically sodium bicarbonate rich. A ten-step plan has been developed to irrigate six sites in the Powder River Basin of northeastern Wyoming with CBNG produced water for multiple irrigation seasons. A combination of techniques, referred to as managed irrigation, were used to maintain soil chemical conditions that are supportive of plant growth. To prevent excessive salinity accumulation in the plant root zone, soil water balances and irrigation scheduling were used to maintain suitable agronomic leaching fractions. Geochemical equilibrium modeling determined the quantity of soil-applied amendments, used to mitigate the sodicity hazard of CBNG produced water. Since the initiation of irrigation, soil sampling occurred in each of the six fields at least bi-annually. Results indicate that soil electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) have increased significantly since the initiation of irrigation due to the application of both produced water and soil applied amendments. Soil pH has not increased appreciably compared to adjacent non-irrigated areas. The presence of well- aggregated soil structure and stable soil infiltration rates; which do not differ significantly from adjacent non-irrigated areas, suggest sodic soil conditions are not present. Although soil EC, ESP, and SAR have increased, management strategies have prevented the formation of sodic soil conditions. Agronomic leaching has maintained root zone salinity at levels suitable for moderately tolerant plant species, which are native to northeastern Wyoming.
Effect of contact line motion on QP and QS for partially saturated rocks

A pore scale squirt flow approach is used to model seismic attenuation in rocks due to partially saturated flat cracks or pores. The crack/pore model consists of parallel oscillating plane pore walls with a liquid drop in between, surrounded by gas. This problem was analyzed in detail by Mavko and Nur (1979) for attenuation due to viscous effects. We extend their results to the case of an assemblage of aligned cracks when Qp and Qs become anisotropic. Miksis (1988) extended Mavko and Nur’s work to consider attenuation due to a sliding meniscus and found that the effect could significantly increase attenuation. He considered only the case of P-wave attenuation for an elastic wave normal to a single crack. We extend his results to obtain both Qp and Qs for an assemblage of non-interacting cracks with both fixed (but arbitrary) and random orientations. The Qp values thus obtained have generally good agreement with measurements made in a separate experiment. These values are very sensitive to crack aspect ratio, as is the impact of the capillary effect. The capillary effect also depends on crack orientation and seismic frequency.
Microbuckle tunnelling in ® bre composites

The propagation of compressive failure in multi-directional composite laminates is modelled by the tunnelling of a microbuckle within the load-bearing axial plies, with concomitant delamination of the neighbouring o-axis plies. The microbuckle tunnels at its tip in a crack-like mode III manner, and the steady state tunnelling stress is estimated by calculating the energy dierence between the upstream unbuckled state and the downstream buckled state. The downstream state is analysed in detail using a plane strain analysis of a microbuckle with delaminations from its tips. In the downstream 2D problem, microbuckling of the axial plies is represented by the generation of an inclined mode II crack, with an associated microbuckling tip toughness and a constant sliding stress across its ̄anks. The delaminations at the interface between the axial and adjacent o-axis plies are idealised as traction-free mixed-mode interfacial cracks. Predictions of the steady-state tunnelling stress are obtained for an isotropic solid by solving an integral equation and by the ®nite element method; ®nite element techniques are then used to solve the tunnelling problem for an orthotropic solid and for a cross-ply laminate. For each case, the tunnelling stress and the delamination crack length are obtained as functions of the ratio of delamination to microbuckle toughness, and of the inclination of the microbuckle band. The tunnelling stress provides a useful lower bound for the compressive strength of a thick laminated structure. 7 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGES TO IDENTIFY THE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MOSQUITO DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE IN TROPICAL URBAN SETTINGS

Climate warming has become an important issue as its negative impacts on human health should be concerned. Tropical vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, could increase the risk of being infected, especially in localized urban area due to the effect of urban heat island. The association between urban heat island and incidence of vector-borne diseases is still unclear. This study aims to identify spatial patterns of possible heat island effects and the spatial-temporal relationship between land surface temperature (LST) and mosquito density, with multidate high resolution (30mx30m) remote sensing images and high-densed sampling schemes for mosquitoes in dengue epidemic focus areas of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. We apply spatial statistic to explore the spatial patterns and relationships between these variables. Our results indicate that there are nonlinear effects of temperature changes on mosquitoes. The study provides more insights into micro-scale spatial targeting of intervention and allocating resources for control programs against dengue outbreaks.
Reconnaisance electrical survey for geothermal exploration in the Poring Hot Spring, Ranau, Sabah

Direct current electrical surveys were carried out in the vicinity of the Poring Hot Springs. These surveys have detected the presence of low resistivity layers due to the presence of hot water systems and a sheared zone. The results of electrical sounding and profilings suggest that the hot-water systems are in the form of channels. Electrical surveys carried out to the east and southeast of the hot springs did not detect any low resistivity layer.
RAYLEIGH-BÉNARD CONVECTION: DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE IN THE PHYSICAL SPACE

The main objective of this article is part of a research program to link the dynamics of fluid flows with the structure and its transitions in the physical spaces. As a prototype of problem and to demonstrate the main ideas, we study the two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The analysis is based on two recently developed nonlinear theories: geometric theory for incompressible flows [10] and the bifurcation and stability theory for nonlinear dynamical systems (both finite and infinite dimensional) [9]. We have shown in [8] that the RayleighBénard problem bifurcates from the basic state to an attractor AR when the Rayleigh number R crosses the first critical Rayleigh number Rc for all physically sound boundary conditions, regardless of the multiplicity of the eigenvalue Rc for the linear problem. In this article, in addition to a classification of the bifurcated attractor AR, the structure and its transitions of the solutions in the physical space is classified, leading to the existence and stability of two different flows structures: pure rolls and rolls separated by a cross the channel flow. It appears that the structure with rolls separated by a cross channel flow has not been carefully examined although it has been observed in other physical contexts such as the Branstator-Kushnir waves in the atmospheric dynamics [1, 7].