Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Triphenylphosphonium-Linked Derivative of 3,5-Ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitrile (SF6847) via Knoevenagel Reaction Yields an Effective Mitochondria-Targeted Protonophoric Uncoupler

Mitochondrial uncouplers are actively sought as potential therapeutics. Here, we report the first successful synthesis of mitochondria-targeted derivatives of the highly potent uncoupler 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene-malononitrile (SF6847), bearing a cationic alkyl(triphenyl)phosphonium (TPP) group. As a key step of the synthesis, we used condensation of a ketophenol with malononitrile via the Knoevenagel reaction. SF-C5-TPP with a pentamethylene linker between SF6847 and TPP, stimulating respiration and collapsing membrane potential of rat liver mitochondria at submicromolar concentrations, proved to be the most effective uncoupler of the series. SF-C5-TPP showed pronounced protonophoric activity on a model planar bilayer lipid membrane. Importantly, SF-C5-TPP exhibited rather low toxicity in fibroblast cell culture, causing mitochondrial depolarization in cells at concentrations that only slightly affected cell viability. SF-C5-TPP was more effective in decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential in the cell culture than SF6847, in contrast to the case of isolated mitochondria. Like other zwitterionic uncouplers, SF-C5-TPP inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis in the micromolar concentration range.
An Assessment of Drift Correction Alternatives for CMIP5 Decadal Predictions

Drift correction is an important step before using the outputs of decadal prediction experiments and has seen considerable research. However, most drift correction studies consider a relatively small sample of variables and models. Here, we present a systematic application of the existing drift correction strategies for decadal predictions of various sea surface temperature‐based metrics from a suite of five state‐of‐the‐art climate models (CanCM4i1, GFDL‐CM2.1, HadCM3i2&i3, MIROC5, and MPI‐ESM‐LR). The best method of drift correction for each metric and model is reported. Preliminary analysis suggests that there is no single method of drift correction that consistently performs best. Initial condition‐based drift correction provides the lowest errors in most regions for MIROC5 and the two HadCM3 models, whereas the trend‐based drift correction produces lowest errors for CanCM4i1, GFDL‐CM2.1, and MPI‐ESM‐LR over the largest share of the area. There is no merit in using a k‐nearest neighbor approach for these drift correction methods. Further, in almost all cases, the multimodel ensemble outperforms the individual models, and thus, the study conclusively suggests using forecasts based on multimodel averages. We also show some additional benefit to be gained by drift correcting each model/metric using their best correction method prior to model averaging and suggest that the results presented here would help potential users expend time and resources judiciously while dealing with outputs from these experiments.
LA OVALIZACIÓN (BREAKOUTS) DE POZOS: INTERPRETACIONES DINÁMICAS Y APLICACIONES A PERFORACIONES EN LA FORMACIÓN VACA MUERTA, CUENCA NEUQUINA

La ovalizacion (breakout ) es la expresion bidimensional perpendicular al eje del pozo del estado tensional actual del macizo rocoso desarrollado durante su perforacion que coincide con la elipse de deformacion. Esta expresion bidimensional puede no resultar constante a lo largo del desarrollo del pozo ya que pueden exhibirse variaciones debidas cambios en la historia tectosedimentaria y respuesta reologica de las distintas secuencias involucradas. La variacion vertical de la orientacion de la ovalizacion puede asociarsela con la superposicion de campos de esfuerzos fosiles y actuales con disposiciones espaciales diferentes. Estas variaciones pueden condicionar la mejor posicion de las perforaciones dentro de la Fm. Vaca Muerta y atenuar severas consecuencias geomecanicas relacionadas con la perdida de lodos, inestabilidad del pozo, colapsos de tuberias, compactacion de los reservorios, subsidencias de la superficie, produccion de arenas, reactivacion de fallas y perdida de eficiencia de sellos. Por esta razon, su mas precisa localizacion 4D del estado tensional de las rocas contribuye con el mas eficiente manejo de estas actividades.
Distributing Plant Developmental Regulatory Proteins via Plasmodesmata

During plant development, mobile proteins, including transcription factors, abundantly serve as messengers between cells to activate transcriptional signaling cascades in distal tissues. These proteins travel from cell to cell via nanoscopic tunnels in the cell wall known as plasmodesmata. Cellular control over this intercellular movement can occur at two likely interdependent levels. It involves regulation at the level of plasmodesmata density and structure as well as at the level of the cargo proteins that traverse these tunnels. In this review, we cover the dynamics of plasmodesmata formation and structure in a developmental context together with recent insights into the mechanisms that may control these aspects. Furthermore, we explore the processes involved in cargo-specific mechanisms that control the transport of proteins via plasmodesmata. Instead of a one-fits-all mechanism, a pluriform repertoire of mechanisms is encountered that controls the intercellular transport of proteins via plasmodesmata to control plant development.
Nexus Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy, Industry Value Added and CO2 Emissions in ASEAN

This study aims to identify the relationship between economic growth, renewable energy, and industrial value added to CO2 emissions in ASEAN. The data used is panel data of 10 ASEAN countries from 2001-2020. This study uses the vector error correction model (VECM) for analysis. The estimation results show that CO2 emissions are only influenced by the CO2 variable itself in the previous period in the short term. In addition, economic growth and renewable energy significantly negatively affect CO2 emissions in the long term. Economic growth has the largest contribution to reducing CO2 emissions. The empirical findings also support the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in ASEAN. However, industrial value added has no significant effect on CO2 emissions. This study has several policy implications. The government needs to 1) strengthen energy transition regulations to encourage the use of renewable energy, 2) increase investment in RD to stimulate green technology innovation, and 3) protect the environment to mitigate negative externalities of economic activity.
Statistical assessment of the risk of biocorrosion in tidal waters

With increasing awareness of accelerated corrosion at or just below the low-water mark of steel piling structures in European harbors a multinational project was sponsored by the European Coal and Steel Community to determine the involvement of biological and physico-chemical factors in this process and to establish possible protective measures against this form of attack. This special form of corrosion could not be explained with standard corrosion mechanisms, therefore, site assessments of European harbors were performed combining screening for biological, environmental, chemical and physical factors in order to investigate possible microbiological influence on the corrosion process. The data collected were statistically analyzed and significant parameters, differentiating between accelerated and normal low-water corrosion sites, were identified and carefully screened for their possible role in the accelerated low-water corrosion phenomenon. Combining the results of field and laboratory studies, the cause of accelerated low-water corrosion could be identified as microbiologically-influenced. The results presented in this communication are enclosed in the final report to the European Commission. In this report, the participants of the project offer recommendations regarding protective measures against accelerated low-water corrosion of steel sheet piling.
Précipitations extrêmes et inondations dans le bassin versant du moyen sébaou

Pour caracteriser les evenements pluviometriques extremes dans le bassin versant du moyen sebaou, une analyse de pluviometrie est proposee sur une periode de plus de 40 ans de mesure et pour trois stations pluviometriques (Tizi-Ouzou, Draa Ben Khedda et Baghlia). Dans ce travail, nous tentons d’identifier, de caracteriser et de quantifie ce phenomene climatique, par la methode de l’Indice de Precipitation Standardise (SPI) a l’echelle annuelle, saisonniere, et mensuelle pour trois stations, ayant de longues periodes d’observations (1968-2012). Les resultats obtenus montrent que les periodes pluvieux les plus recensees, prolongees et commune pour les differents stations correspondent aux annees entre 1968-1973 et 2006 – 2012. A l’echelle saisonniere, les resultats obtenus indiquent que les anomalies positives de la saison d’hiver et d’automne sont les plus intenses. Tandis qu’a l’echelle mensuelle, les plus grandes anomalies ont ete enregistrees au mois de mars et le mois de mai avec un ISP de +3.7 et +3.9. Mots cles : Sebaou, inondation, Algerie, indice Standardise de precipitation.
Growing concerns about using hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for the treatment of renal anemia

ABSTRACT Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) have emerged as a novel therapeutic class for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. Small molecule analogs of α-ketoglutarate (AKG), an essential substrate for 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDDs), including prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs), inhibit PHDs pharmacologically and thereby prevent HIF degradation. HIF stabilization alleviates anemia through several stimulatory effects on erythropoiesis, but it also affects the expression of many anemia-unrelated genes whose protein products exert important functions in vivo. Therefore, the pleiotropic effects of HIF stabilization under normoxic conditions deserve to be examined in more detail. Specifically, we believe that particular attention should be given to epigenetic modifications among the various AKG-based metabolic systems that may be altered by HIF-PHIs. It is noteworthy that AKG has been reported to exert health-protective actions. AKG-based metabolic systems include enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism, as well as 2-OGDD-mediated processes, which play important roles in many biological reactions. In this review, we examine the multifaceted effects of HIF-PHIs, encompassing not only their on-target effect of HIF stabilization but also their off-target inhibitory effects on various AKG-based metabolic systems. Furthermore, we examine its potential relevance to cardiovascular complications, based on clinical and animal studies suggesting its involvement in vascular calcification, thrombogenesis and heart failure. In conclusion, although HIF-PHIs offer a promising avenue for anemia treatment in CKD patients, their broader impact on multiple biological systems raises substantial concerns. The intricate interplay between HIF stabilization, AKG competition and cardiovascular complications warrants extensive, long-term investigations to ensure the safety and usefulness of HIF-PHIs in clinical practice.
Energy-efficient routing protocol for reliable low-latency Internet of Things in oil and gas pipeline monitoring

The oil and gas industries (OGI) are the primary global energy source, with pipelines as vital components for OGI transportation. However, pipeline leaks pose significant risks, including fires, injuries, environmental harm, and property damage. Therefore, maintaining an effective pipeline maintenance system is critical for ensuring a safe and sustainable energy supply. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a cutting-edge technology for efficient OGI pipeline leak detection. However, deploying IoT in OGI monitoring faces significant challenges due to hazardous environments and limited communication infrastructure. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance, typical IoT concerns, gain heightened importance in the OGI context. In OGI monitoring, IoT devices are linearly deployed with no alternative communication mechanism available along OGI pipelines. Thus, the absence of both communication routes can disrupt crucial data transmission. Therefore, ensuring energy-efficient and fault-tolerant communication for OGI data is paramount. Critical data needs to reach the control center on time for faster actions to avoid loss. Low latency communication for critical data is another challenge of the OGI monitoring environment. Moreover, IoT devices gather a plethora of OGI parameter data including redundant values that hold no relevance for transmission to the control center. Thus, optimizing data transmission is essential to conserve energy in OGI monitoring. This article presents the Priority-Based, Energy-Efficient, and Optimal Data Routing Protocol (PO-IMRP) to tackle these challenges. The energy model and congestion control mechanism optimize data packets for an energy-efficient and congestion-free network. In PO-IMRP, nodes are aware of their energy status and communicate node’s depletion status timely for network robustness. Priority-based routing selects low-latency routes for critical data to avoid OGI losses. Comparative analysis against linear LEACH highlights PO-IMRP’s superior performance in terms of total packet transmission by completing fewer rounds with more packet’s transmissions, attributed to the packet optimization technique implemented at each hop, which helps mitigate network congestion. MATLAB simulations affirm the effectiveness of the protocol in terms of energy efficiency, fault-tolerance, and low latency communication.
Combining Forecasts

To improve forecasting accuracy, combine forecasts derived from methods that differ substantially and draw from different sources of information. When feasible, use five or more methods. Use formal procedures to combine forecasts: An equal-weights rule offers a reasonable starting point, and a trimmed mean is desirable if you combine forecasts resulting from five or more methods. Use different weights if you have good domain knowledge or information on which method should be most accurate. Combining forecasts is especially useful when you are uncertain about the situation, uncertain about which method is most accurate, and when you want to avoid large errors. Compared with errors of the typical individual forecast, combining reduces errors. In 30 empirical comparisons, the reduction in ex ante errors for equally weighted combined forecasts averaged about 12.5% and ranged from 3 to 24 percent. Under ideal conditions, combined forecasts were sometimes more accurate than their most accurate components.
Assessing spectral indices to estimate the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the vegetation canopy

ABSTRACT The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by the vegetation canopy (FPARcanopy) is an important parameter for vegetation productivity estimation using remote-sensing data. FPARcanopy is widely estimated using many different spectral vegetation indices (VIs), especially the simple ratio vegetation index (SR) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). However, there have been few studies into which VIs are most suitable for this estimation or into their sensitivities to the leaf area index and the observation geometry of remote-sensing data, which are very important for the accurate estimation of FPARcanopy based on the plant growth stage and satellite imagery. In this study, nine main VIs calculated from field-measured spectra were evaluated and it was found that the SR and NDVI underestimated and overestimated FPARcanopy, respectively. It was also found that the enhanced vegetation index produced lesser errors and a higher agreement than other broadband VIs used to estimate FPARcanopy. Among all the selected VIs, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) turned out to have the lowest root mean square error of 0.17. The SR produced the highest errors (about 0.37) and lowest index of agreement (about 0.50) compared to the measured values of FPARcanopy. Except for carotenoid reflectance index (CRI), FPARcanopy estimated by VIs are evidently sensitive to the leaf area index (LAI), especially for FPARcanopy (SR), which are also most sensitive to solar zenith angles (SZA). SR, CRI, PRI, and EVI have remarked variations with view zenith angles. Our study shows that FPARcanopy can be simply and accurately estimated using the most suitable VIs – i.e. EVI and PRI – with broadband and hyperspectral remote-sensing data, respectively, and that the nadir reflectance or nadir bidirectional reflectance distribution function adjusted reflectance should be used to calculate these VIs.
Biophysical effects of forest management on surface temperature

In the context of ongoing global warming, forests are thought to be an important mitigation option due to their biogeochemical properties. This study focuses on the impacts of a change in forest cover (i.e. replacing native tree species by an non-native tree species) on surface temperature through biophysical interactions between forest and atmosphere. Measurements from the FLUXNET network above European temperate forests were used to establish pseudo-chronosequences and as such study a change in forest cover, with respect to leaf trait, tree species and forest structure. A method to decompose the land surface temperature signal was applied to quantify the change in temperature and the main drivers (albedo, latent heat, sensible heat, ground heat ﬂux, emissivity, incoming radiation) of this change in the canopy energy budget. Unclosed energy balance for site level measurements were an important source of uncertainty. A correction based on the Bowen ratio was applied to the eddy covariance data of latent heat and sensible heat ﬂuxes in order to force the closure of the energy budget. We will present the drivers of the change in surface temperature for two case studies: (1) a change from native oaks to a pine plantation under a Mediterranean climate and (2) two pine forest with a different canopy structure under temperate climate. During a heatwave (2003/2006), no advantage of one forest cover over another was observed. All forests had the same behaviour in response to a sudden increase in radiation load. For all conversions, the change in latent heat ﬂux was driven rather by ecological properties through canopy stomatal conductance than by atmospheric boundary layers physics such as vapor pressure deﬁcit. The results of this study are to be considered at a local to regional scale. It shows the need to consider ﬁner parameter such as forest structure and tree species characteristics when analysing the effect of a land cover change on surface temperature.
Improving the term weighting log entropy of latent dirichlet allocation

The process of analyzing textual data involves the utilization of topic modeling techniques to uncover latent subjects within documents. The presence of numerous short texts in the Indonesian language poses additional challenges in the field of topic modeling. This study presents a substantial enhancement to the term weighting log entropy (TWLE) approach within the latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) framework, specifically tailored for topic modeling of Indonesian short texts. This work places significant emphasis on the utilization of LDA for word weighting. The research endeavor aimed to enhance the coherence and interpretability of an Indonesian topic model through the integration of local and global weights. Local Weight focuses on the distinct characteristics of each document, whereas global weight examines the broader perspective of the entire corpus of documents. The objective was to enhance the effectiveness of LDA themes by this amalgamation. The TWLE model of LDA was found to be more informative and effective than the TF-IDF LDA when compared with short Indonesian text. This work improves topic modeling in brief Indonesian compositions. Transfer learning for NLP and Indonesian language adaptation helps improve subject analysis knowledge and precision, this could boost NLP and topic modeling in Indonesian.
Model of Tourist Destination in Cibuntu Village, West Java

A6 model consist the attributes of tourist destination that are attraction, accessibility, amenities, available package, activities, and ancillary service. They both have an influence on increasing tourist satisfaction. Health protocol is also the perception to enhance tourist satisfaction in new normal. Consequently, health protocol plays an important role in boosting the tourist satisfaction in Cibuntu Village, West Java. This study analyses the relationships proposed in SERVQUAL, which consist five core components of service quality: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. The sample in this study was 200 respondents from the tourists who experienced at least one time of visiting Cibuntu Village. This study using questionnaires in the kind of Google form, consists of 23 items.Five hypotheses were formulated and tested. The finding of this study found from all respondents is also going down more than four time experiences. Then offer a promotion for the young generation or under 25 year old market segment. In the new normal, the application of health protocols determines tourist satisfaction in Cibuntu Village, West Java. The process of building, designing, and defining a sustainable tourism village, we must collaborate with the central government and local government in the new normal situation. Cibuntu Village should collect the data from the tourist visiting Cibuntu village and save it as guest history to offer a suitable promotion in new normal.
Embodied carbon emissions of buildings: a case study of an apartment building in the UK.

The UK government has set a target to significantly reduce UK greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. 47% of all UK CO2 emissions are linked to the construction and operation of the built environment. Buildings emit two types of carbon namely operational carbon (OC) and embodied carbon (EC). Operational carbon is regulated in the UK as it contributes up to 70-80% of total emissions. Further, EC reduction is top priority with the rise of demand for zero carbon buildings and EC is unregulated at present. EC can be controlled by vigilant building designs, selection of low carbon materials and technologies. Estimating EC of building will provide better understanding of the carbon significant elements and enable designers to make informed decisions. Accordingly, a case study of an apartment building located in Sunderland in the UK is selected for the study. EC estimates were prepared using priced Bill of Quantities of the building and carbon blackbook. Then, the building elements were classified as per BCIS (Building Cost Information Services) element classification and the carbon significant elements were identified in the case study building. Frame was identified as the most carbon significant element. External walls including windows and doors, upper floors, substructure, internal finishes, roof and internal walls & partitions were identified in descending order of carbon significant elements. Further, comparative analysis of EC between an apartment building and an office building was conducted. The office building carbon significant elements were found to be different from that of an apartment building. Findings of the case study building can inform designers about the elements that has an immense reduction potential and worth investing in low carbon technologies and materials. However, the findings are based on a single case study and, hence, cannot be generalised but can be seen as an exemplar for further research. Keywords: Apartment Building, Building Elements, Carbon Significant, Embodied Carbon