Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

Mass production and commercial adoption of graphene-based devices are held back by a few crucial technical challenges related to quality control. In the case of graphene produced by chemical vapor deposition, the transfer process represents a delicate step that can compromise device performance and reliability, thus hindering industrial production. In this context, the impact of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the most common support material for transferring graphene from the Cu substrate to any target surface, can be decisive in obtaining reproducible sample batches. Although effective in mechanically supporting graphene during the transfer, PMMA solutions needs to be efficiently designed, deposited, and post-treated to serve their purpose while minimizing potential contaminations. Here, we prepared and tested PMMA solutions with different average molecular weight (AMW) and weight concentration in anisole, to be deposited by spin coating. Optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that the amount of PMMA residues on transferred graphene is proportional to the AMW and concentration in the solvent. At the same time, the mechanical strength of the PMMA layer is proportional to the AMW. These tests served to design an optimized PMMA solution made of a mixture of 550,000 (550k) and 15,000 (15k) AMW PMMA in anisole at 3% concentration. In this design, PMMA-550k provided suitable mechanical strength against breakage during the transfer cycles, while PMMA-15k promoted depolymerization, which allowed for a complete removal of PMMA residues without the need for any post-treatment. An XPS analysis confirmed the cleanness of the optimized process. We validated the impact of the optimized PMMA solution on the mass fabrication of arrays of electrolyte-gated graphene field-effect transistors operating as biosensors. On average, the transistor channel resistance decreased from 1860 to 690 Ω when using the optimized PMMA. Even more importantly, the vast majority of these resistance values are distributed within a narrow range (only ca. 300 Ω wide), in evident contrast with the scattered values obtained in non-optimized devices (about 30% of which showed values above 1 MΩ). These results prove that the optimized PMMA solution unlock the production of reproducible electronic devices at the batch scale, which is the key to industrial production.
Effects of Enhanced Legal Aid in Child Welfare: Evidence from a Randomized Trial of Mi Abogado

Children spend years in foster care, and there are concerns that bureaucratic hurdles contribute to unnecessarily long stays. In a novel approach to policy making, the Chilean government randomized the introduction of a program aimed at reducing these delays in order to evaluate its effects on child well-being. Mi Abogado (My Lawyer) provides legal aid and social services to foster children living in institutions. Using administrative data linked across government registries, we find the program reduced the length of stay in foster care with no increase in subsequent placement, resulting in savings that are substantially greater than the cost of the program. The program also led to a reduction in criminal justice involvement and an improvement in school attendance. The results demonstrate that investment in the quality of foster care services can improve child well-being. ∗Acknowledgements: This experimental evaluation is due to the efforts of the Experimental Policy Initiative of the Department of Expenditure Review of the Chilean Budget Office. We thank Josefa Aguirre, Anna Aizer, Bocar Ba, Jason Baron, Patrick Bayer, Pablo Celhay, Janet Currie, Emilio Depetris-Chauvin, Maria Fitzpatrick, Francisco Gallego, Joseph Hotz, Caroline Hoxby, Jeanne Lafortune, Doug Miller, Derek Neal, Roberto Rigobon, and Michael Whinston, and as well as participants in seminars at Duke University, the Frisch Centre for Economic Research, Georgetown University, Pontificia Univsersidad Católica de Chile, MIT Sloan, the NBER Program on Children, the University of Bergen, and the University of Oslo, for helpful comments. Catalina Bravo, Carolina De Iruarrizaga, Benjamı́n Echecopar, and Antonia Sanhueza provided excellent research assistance. Francisca de Iruarrizaga provided valuable insights into the child protection system in Chile. We also thank Verónica Pincheira and the rest of the team from the Ministry of Justice for all their support and contributions to the evaluation project. We are grateful to the Supreme Court of Chile, and to Fabiola González, Omar Manriquez, and Ricardo Tucas for their excellent and generous work in constructing the justice-system databases. We thank Karina Vega from Servicio Nacional de Menores for helping in facilitating and preparing their data. We thank the Studies Department of the Ministry of Education for making available data from the education system. We thank Lee Ullman and the MIT Sloan Latin America Office for financial support of this collaboration. RCT ID: AEARCTR-0004160. Word count: 10758 †University of Chicago, ryancooperb@uchicago.edu ‡MIT Sloan and NBER. Corresponding author: jjdoyle@mit.edu; 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E62-518, Cambridge, MA 02139; (617) 452-3761. §Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, School of Government, andreshojman@uc.cl,
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BARRIERS TO GLOBAL CAPITAL ALLOCATION

Observed patterns of international investment are difficult to reconcile with frictionless capital markets. In this paper, we provide a quantitative theory of international capital allocation: a multicountry dynamic general equilibrium model with rationally-inattentive investors, where cross-border investment is subject to both information and policy frictions. These frictions result in a persistent misallocation of capital across countries. We estimate model parameters using nationality-based, bilateral investment data, and measures of geographic, linguistic and cultural distance, which capture information frictions. Our unified theoretical-empirical framework can account for several stylized facts: the gravity structure of investment flows, home bias, persistent global imbalances and capital return differentials across countries, as well as the paucity of net flows from developed to emerging economies. Finally, we perform counterfactual exercises: we find that information and policy barriers to international investment greatly amplify the capital gap between rich and poor countries, and result in a large reduction in world output. Bruno Pellegrino University of Maryland Robert H. Smith School of Business 7699 Mowatt Ln Suit 4467 College Park, MD 20742 United States bpellegr@umd.edu Enrico Spolaore Department of Economics Tufts University Braker Hall 8 Upper Campus Road Medford, MA 02155 and NBER enrico.spolaore@tufts.edu Romain Wacziarg Anderson School of Management at UCLA C-510 Entrepreneurs Hall 110 Westwood Plaza Los Angeles, CA 90095-1481 and NBER wacziarg@anderson.ucla. edu
Solving systems of linear equations and finding the inversion of a matrix by neural network using genetic algorithms (NN using GA)

In this paper, we propose a one-layered neural network that recovers its input variables by genetic algorithms to solve the systems of linear equations (or, equivalently, matrix inversion). First we described solving systems of linear equations (matrix inversion) by mentioned neural network. Then, experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the approach. Finally, future avenue of this research is proposed.
Some Comments on The Contagion Myth

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we regularly receive emails from people forwarding links to videos and articles that question the mainstream narrative about the pandemic. It would be a full-time job for more than one person to take in, analyze, and contextualize the great variety of perspectives. We have not made this our full-time job. But we have concerned ourselves with some of the alternative narratives, and continue to concern ourselves with the mainstream narrative. We have no problem admitting that, overall, much remains opaque. More than anything else, there are countless riddles and questions. It is very hard, within the thicket of opinions, to gain a sense that there is a common ground of phenomena that people can agree upon. This is especially true with research on viruses, which is extremely technical, highly mediated by sophisticated technology (electron microscopes, sequencing machines, PCR tests, etc.), and embedded within many assumptions, for example, about causality. You can hardly avoid relying on authorities, but which authorities? How is it possible to discern the truthfulness of what the different authorities are saying? One person whose views have received a good deal of attention is Thomas Cowan. A video in which he speaks of 5G — and not viruses — as a causal agent in what people call the pandemic went viral. Many refer to him as an authority countering the mainstream narrative, while others state they have debunked his views. Cowan and Sally Fallon Morell published a book in 2020, The Contagion Myth. We decided to spend some time with the book in an attempt to understand their perspective. We have not spent the months we would need to investigate every claim they make by reviewing the literature they cite in the book. We have spent many hours investigating a few central claims and the way they craft their argument. We will not discuss here the causal factors they propose, such as 5G or environmental toxins. We are primarily concerned with their critique of the widespread scientific view that infectious diseases are caused by viruses (and bacteria).
Channel Islands CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY Benchmarking Methods for Autonomous Classification of Theses Corpora

Owing to the paradigm shift in online education, digital produc­ tion and submission of useful scientific and other literary works such as dissertations and theses have become progressively typical, result­ ing in a plethora of unorganized collections of useful data. Intelligent classification of such data can help to achieve ease of accessibility and retrieval. This thesis proposes use of various supervised learning algo­ rithms to classify the records present in selected datasets and assign helpful labels. Furthermore, this thesis aims to compare the accuracy of an ensemble of classifier models in order to provide a generalized benchmark for applications under similar domains.
TESTING TO RAPIDLY ASSESS THE DURABILITY OF UHPC-CLASS MATERIALS

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a class of cement-based composite materials with enhanced properties as compared to conventional concrete. There is growing interest, both in the United States and worldwide, in using UHPC to address needs in the bridge sector (Graybeal et al. 2020). Appropriate use of UHPC must be founded on common definitions of minimum performance attributes. As with mechanical properties, durability properties also must be defined in terms of standardized test methods. This TechBrief presents an advancement toward using electrical resistivity as a rapid method to evaluate the durability of UHPC-class materials. FHWA Publication No.: FHWA-HRT-21-095
Healthcare utilization and barriers to use among ethnic minority populations: looking at Indigenous women in West Papua

10% to 20% ABSTRACT Background: Ethnic minority populations have lower rates of healthcare utilization than ethnic majority populations. Purpose: This paper explores healthcare utilization by Indigenous West Papuan women and explains said utilization within the prominent barriers to healthcare utilization observed in ethnic minority populations globally. Method: Secondary data analysis was conducted using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data collected in Indonesia in 2017, with the use of migration status as a proxy for ethnic minority status in Western Guinea. Results: Indigenous women in Western Guinea are less likely to use skilled health services than non-Indigenous women. There are multiple reasons for this, which can be understood within the four prominent barriers to healthcare utilization observed in ethnic minority populations globally (financial access to health services, physical access to health services, the behavior and cultural competency of health service providers, and the quality of care provided). Indigenous women were more likely than non-Indigenous women to report having problems getting money for treatment [chi2 = 38.0572; p-value = 0.00]. Conclusion: Barriers to healthcare utilization operate systemically and reproductively to force ethnic minority populations into a state of lower socioeconomic status and health outcomes. The incorporation of anti-racist foundations in health service provision is necessary to ensure the right to health for ethnic minority populations and for the successful fulfillment of the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG).
1. Theory of planned behaviors and factors influencing blood donation intention

p = . 049, η p2 = . 08, observed power = . 51. The results pattern followed the one reported in the main manuscript. Since our findings were more or less the same when self-efficacy was being controlled for (vs. not controlled), a mediation analysis (Preacher & Hayes, 2004) using the bootstrapping method with bias-corrected confidence estimates was conducted to examine if self-efficacy mediates the relationship between message type and blood donation intention. Our data did not support self-efficacy being a significant mediator [the a path was not significant, b = . 30, t (49) = 1.64, p = . 11; overall, b = . 13, CI (-.03, .34)].
STUDIES OF VENTILATORY CAPACITY AND HISTAMINE RESPONSE DURING EXPOSURE TO ISOCYANATE VAPOUR IN POLYURETHANE FOAM MANUFACTURE

Complaints of respiratory symptoms amongst workers in a factory using isocyanate to produce polyurethane foam led to a study of changes in ventilatory capacity in the course of several working days. Mean decreases of the order of 0-18 1. were observed in the forced expiratory volume at one second in 15 employees during each of three normal working shifts. No significant change occurred on days when a process involving the liberation of isocyanate was stopped, or when the men were given an oral aminophylline compound prophylactically. An aerosol of isoprenaline failed to reverse the decrease in ventilatory capacity observed during one normal working day. Approximately half the subjects studied were found to show increased bronchial sensitivity to a histamine aerosol; all were smokers, whereas none of the non-smokers showed a significant (over 10%) reduction in ventilatory capacity after histamine. Smokers and/or positive histamine reactors tended to show a greater decrease in ventilatory capacity during a working day than non-smokers or non-reactors. The present findings, which confirm clinical reports of adverse respiratory effects of isocyanate in low concentrations, are compared with other studies of ventilatory capacity during occupational exposure to respiratory irritants.
An Image Processing Algorithm to Detect Exudates in Fundus Images

: Diabetes can cause several parts of the body to malfunction. One such malfunctions is Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetic Retinopathy occurs when the lipids carried by the retinal blood vessels leak from the vessels and accumulate in the retinal area. This is caused due to high blood sugar levels which makes the vessels fragile. These accumulations are known as exudates. This paper explains a method that automatically identifies exudates in retinal images.
Mark-recapture Estimates of Survival in Populations of the Asp Viper, Vipera

-^^? estimated the annual survivorship of two populations of the asp viper, Vipera aspis aspis, by recapturing known adult individuals in the field over six and nine years respectively. The snakes at the two study sites in the Jura mountains of northwestern Switzerland were active between mid-March and mid-October. Vipera a. aspis is easily captured by hand, has individually recognizable marks and is, there-fore, well suited for long-term mark-recapture studies. The maximum likelihood estimates of annual sur vivorship are about 0.75 in both populations. The probability that a snake will be recaptured in any given year is about 0.4 (habitat A) and about 0.33 (habitat B). Sampling effort within a year had little effect on the probability of recapture. Our best estimate of annual survival of 0.75 for the two habitats combined compares well with other previous estimates in viperids and in V aspis in particular. We found no detectable differences in the survival rates between sexes even when the two habitats were combined. We found weak evidence that there was a difference in the recapture probability between the sexes. The minimal adequate model for the combined data set suggested that there is a higher probability of recapturing surviving females (0.545) than males (0.331).
type distribution in originating from pigs, cattle and poultry

21 Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) of clonal complex 398 (CC398) is emerging globally 22 among production animals such as cattle, pigs and poultry as well as among humans. However, 23 little is known about the prevalence of CC398 among methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) or 24 the relative clonal distribution of S. aureus isolated from these three animal reservoirs. To study 25 this, we have analyzed a random sample of S. aureus consisting of 296 epidemiologically 26 unrelated isolates from infections and colonization of pigs, cattle and poultry. These were 27 examined and compared by spa and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and the result was 28 compared to the most common spa types found among human blood isolates. Little overlap in spa 29 types was seen between isolates from the three animal reservoirs or between animals and humans. 30 Most of the porcine isolates had the spa types t034 (CC398), t1333 (CC30) and t337 (CC9), while 31 the bovine isolates mainly had spa types t518 (CC50), t524 (CC97) and t529 (CC151). None of 32 these spa types are common among human blood isolates in Denmark. Surprisingly, almost all of 33 the poultry isolates (96%) belonged to CC5 ( spa types t002 and t306), which is also known to be 34 commonly found among human blood isolates and subsequent pulsed field gel electrophoresis 35 (PFGE) analysis identified indistinguishable PFGE patterns among a poultry isolate and selected 36 human isolates. In conclusion, strains of MSSA CC398 were commonly present in pigs but not 37 present at all in the other reservoirs tested.
Identi ed a Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 6 Serve as a Novel Gastric Cancer Prognostic Biomarker by Integrating Analysis of Gene Expression Pro le

Ya-zhen Zhu GuangXi University of Chinese Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6932-698X Yi Liu Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University A liated Cancer Hospital Xi-wen Liao Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University A liated Cancer Hospital Xian-wei Mo Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University A liated Cancer Hospital Yuan Lin Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University A liated Cancer Hospital Wei-zhong Tang Guangxi Cancer Hospital and Guangxi Medical University A liated Cancer Hospital Shan-shan Luo (  luoshanshan@gxmu.edu.cn )
Resource Activation through Perspective Changes: Why Don’t You Just Stand Up?

zu be-lasten. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Techniken der Beziehungsgestaltung und Prozesssteuerung könnten vermutlich unabhängig vom Störungsmodell bereits in der The-rapieausbildung vermittelt werden. up in the session · Seating positions · Vertical Background: Emotional activation tends to fix the client in their current ego-syntonic attractor state. Mental perspective changes play a key role in the process of reappraisal. Changes in body posture and the positions of the client and therapist in the room probably support a shift into other, previously blocked, activation states and resources, achieving the vertical integration of multiple modalities. Method: Ten partly sequential steps inducing perspective changes and reappraisal, balancing emotional activation and disidentification are described. The context they derive from is outlined. Results: The dem-onstrated techniques may help the therapist to activate and modify emotional and behavior patterns without stressing the therapy relationship. Conclusion: These techniques could probably be conveyed to candidates early in psychotherapy training, independently of a theoretical framework.
Language Recognition With Locality Preserving Projection

- In this paper, we introduce locality preserving projection (LPP) to language recognition under the support vector machine (SVM) framework. The success of the use of total variability in language recognition shows that the global structure and linear manifold preserve discriminative language dependent information. The proposed LPP language recognition system believes the local structure and nonlinear manifold also contain discriminative language dependent information. Experiment results on 2007 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) language Recognition Evaluation (LRE) databases show LPP language recognition system combining total variability language recognition system gains relative improvement in EER of 11.7% and in minDCF of 9.6% comparing to total variability language recognition system in 30-second tasks, and further improvement is obtained combining with state-of-the-art systems. It leads to gains of 13.8% in EER and 20.2% in minDCF compare with the performance of the combination of the MMI and the GMM-SVM systems.
canoe and scribble loss synergizes causing tumor-like overgrowth via Ras activation in neural stem cells and epithelia

Over the past decade an intriguing connection between asymmetric cell division, stem cells and tumorigenesis has emerged. Neuroblasts, the neural stem cells of the Drosophila central nervous system, divide asymmetrically and constitute an excellent paradigm for further investigating that connection. Here we show that the simultaneous loss of the asymmetric cell division regulators Canoe (Afadin in mammals) and Scribble in neuroblast clones leads to tumor-like overgrowth through both a severe disruption of the asymmetric cell division process and a canoe loss-mediated Ras-PI3K-Akt activation. Moreover, canoe loss also interacts synergistically with scribble to promote overgrowth in epithelial tissues, here just by activating the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway. Finally we find that the scribble functionally related genes discs large and lethal (2) giant larvae contribute to repress the Ras-MAPK signaling cascade in epithelia. Hence, our work uncovers novel cooperative interactions between all these well-conserved tumor suppressors to ensure a tight regulation of the Ras signaling pathway. In aPKC dividing defects