Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Er,Cr:YSSG Laser and Conventional Etching Methods on the Microleakage and Adaptation of Pit and Fissure Sealants

INTRODUCTION Currently, dental caries is the most prevalent chronic infectious disease among children and adolescents. According to a World Health Organization report, approximately 90% of the world’s population suffers from dental caries (1). Due to their complex morphologic structure, pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces are the most caries-affected surfaces and susceptible to decay (2, 3). In the preventive dentistry field, there have been many advances in treatments and preventive techniques for dental caries, such as topical or systemic fluoride applications, sugar substitutes, pit and fissure sealants (mechanical barriers), and antimicrobials (4).
A Quasi-Natural Experiment on Electoral Rules and Political Representation

We combine roll call votes and referendum decisions on identically worded legislative proposals to identify the effect of electoral rules on the way Swiss Members of Parliament (MPs) represent their constituents’ preferences. We exploit the fact that MPs in both Houses of Parliament are elected in the same electoral districts (the cantons). Yet, in the Lower House, MPs are elected using a proportional rule, while in the Upper House they are elected employing a majoritarian rule. We find that electoral rules matter strongly for political representation. The voting patterns of MPs are in line with three theoretical predictions regarding the influence of electoral rules on representation of constituents’ preferences: 1) The probability that a proportional-elected MP accepts a legislative proposal closely follows the share of voters that accept the proposal in the referendum. 2) In contrast, majority-elected MPs only react to the share of voters accepting a proposal in the referendum for shares close to the 50% threshold. 3) The estimated probability that an Upper House MP votes “yes” as a function of the share of voters voting “yes” in the referendum has an S-shape form with an inflection point close to 50%.
Breakdown Strength Characteristic of RBDPO and Mineral Oil Mixture as an Alternative Insulating Liquid for Transformer

Mineral oil (MO) works as an important electrical insulation and coolant in transformer which is non-biodegradable and nearly running out. Therefore, for sustainable and environmental concern, an alternative biodegradable insulating oil that potential to replace the mineral oil is introduced. In view of that, the breakdown strength characteristic of Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) and MO mixtures were investigated by varying the mixing percentage of RBDPO from 0% to 100% at 40 o C. The results showed that the breakdown strength of the oil mixture abruptly decline to the minimum breakdown voltage of 50 kV at 20% of RBDPO mixture and gradually increased when the ratio of the RBDPO is added. The highest breakdown strength is achieved 87kv at 80% of RBDPO content. The result of kinematic viscosity is also presented.
Facing decoupling: use of payments and investment reaction to decoupling in the EU

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate ex-post the effects of the 2003 reform, in particular decoupling, of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in the European Union (EU), with a specific focus on farm investment behaviour. In the past years a number of studies have addressed the issue of the impact of EU policy reforms. However, long-term effects of policy changes and related impacts on structural and investment behaviour received relatively little attention. This study is based on a survey of farm households in a number of EU Member States. In the majority of cases, farmers stated they were indifferent to decoupling. Where any change occurred, the impact of decoupling was highly differentiated. Numerous reactions are better explained by various individual household/farm characteristics, rather than by association with a specific agricultural system.
Estimation of power laws for city size data: An optimal methodology

Power laws appear widely in many branches of economics, geography, demography and other social sciences. In particular, the upper tail of city size distributions appear to follow power laws, as many researchers have shown for different countries and different periods of times. A crucial point in the estimation of these laws is the correct choice of the truncation point. The aim of this paper is to investigate how to choice this truncation point from an optimal point of view. A new methodology based on the Akaike information criterion is proposed. An extensive simulation study is carried out in order to prove the existence of this optimal point, under different assumptions about the underlying population. Several kind of populations are considered, including lognormal and population with heavy tails. Finally, the methodology is used for the optimal estimation of power laws in city size data sets for USA and Spain for several years.
Unscented Kalman Filter The Unscented Kalman Filter

This document describes standard approaches for filtering and estimation for quadrotors, created for the Udacity Flying Cars course. We assume previous knowledge of probability and some knowledge of linear algebra. We do not assume previous knowledge of Kalman filters or Bayes filters. This document derives an EKF for various models of drones in 1D, 2D, and 3D. We use the EKF and notation as defined in Thrun et al. [13]. We also give pseudocode for the Bayes filter, the EKF, and the Unscented Kalman filter [14]. The motivation behind this document is the lack of a step-by-step EKF tutorial that provides the derivations for a quadrotor helicopter. The goal of estimation is to infer the drone’s state (pose, velocity, accelleration, and biases) from its sensor values and control inputs. This problem is challenging because sensors are noisy. Additionally, because of weight and cost issues, many drones have limited on-board computation so we want to estimate these values as quickly as possible. The standard method for performing this method is the Extended Kalman filter, a nonlinear extension of the Kalman filter which linearizes a nonlinear transition and measurement model around the current state. However the Unscented Kalman filter is better in almost every respect: simpler to implement, more accurate to estimate, and comparable runtimes.
Essential hypertension: pathophysiology.

Hypertension is a hemodynamic disorder, a contributing cause of atherosclerosis, and a risk factor for peripheral vascular disease, pathology of the heart, aorta, brain, and kidney (Rocella & Bowler, 1990). Essential hypertension affects 50-60 million Americans with perhaps only about 50% aware of their elevated blood pressure (Gorlin, 1991). In industrialized countries around the world, approximately 40-50% of men are treated by age 70 for elevated blood pressure (Lithell, 1991). Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure 140 mmHg or greater and/or diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg or greater Uoint National Committee, 1993). Elevated mild, moderate, and severe diastolic, combined systolic and diastolic, and isolated-systolic hypertension each increase risk of left ventricular hypertrophy and stroke in all age groups (Verdecchia et al., 1990). Cardiac and cerebral vascular risk is proportional to degree of blood pressure elevation. Essential hypertension is a controllable, complex, life-long disease substantially influenced by environmental stressors (DiBona, 1992; Janlert, 1992) (Table 1). Established hypertension presents with elevated systemic arterial pressure, systemic peripheral vasoconstriction, increased left ventricular myocardial mass, increased afterload, increased wall stress during systole, and normal cardiac output (Frishman, Skolnick, & Strom, 1989; Messerli, l99Ob). A genetic predisposition precedes host response to elevations in blood pressure, circulating hormones, sympathetic nervous system activity, salt, baroreflex changes, and bascular endothelium-derived factors (DiBona, 1992; Kaplan, 1991; Parmer, Cervenka, & Stone, 1992; Tuck, 1990). Multiple vasoconstrictive mrchanisms raise blood pressure, while environmental stressors may further exacerbate blood pressure levels. Blood pressure control and preservation of left ventricular fiinction may subsequently require multiple drug therapy. Signs of cardiac target organ damage occur early in patients with untreated hypertension, whereas cerebral and renal target organ damage may not surface until years later (Messerli, 1990a). Elevated blood pressure may be the most reliable predictor of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, especially for stroke and congestive heart failure (Rocella & Bowler, 1990). Hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden death (Levy, Garrison, Savage, Kannell, 8c Castelli, 1990). Left ventricular hypertrophy or diastolic dysfunction may develop when blood pressure exhibits only borderline or labile elevation and prior to diagnosis of established hypertension (Harizi, Bianco, & Alpert, 1988; Messerli, Kaesser, & Lmem, 1989; Shapiro 8c Gibson, 1988).
Secular trends in innovation and technological change

This paper deals with the question of changing relations between business R&D (BERD), patents and output measures like value added and productivity (macro level) as well as EBIT and market capitalization (micro level) to analyze long-term/secular effects of technological change at different levels. The results of the panel data reveal an increase of the patent numbers resulting from R&D expenditures. However, we also find a difference in the elasticities of BERD and patents between patent-intensive and non-patent-intensive sectors. In addition, the association between patents and labor productivity falls when all sectors are taken into account, implying decreasing contributions of technological progress to the productivity. Yet, the drivers are non-patent-intensive sectors, as we observe an increasing association of patents and labor productivity for patent-intensive sectors. The results of the enterprise panel data reveal similar results. The correlations between R&D and patents increased over the last 20 years, although it seems there is a concentration of R&D and patenting activities to a smaller amount of firms, which can partially be explained by the fact that research and development that is necessary for a single patent has become more and more expensive in the past years.
Power, invulnerability, beauty: producing and transforming male bodies in the lowland Chritianised Philippines

3 Acknowledgements . 5 Introduction . 6 Theorising Gender in Island Southeast Asia . 7 Colonial Bodies.9 Powerful Bodies . 13 Invulnerable Bodies . 15 Beautiful Bodies.19 Conclusions.22 Bibliography . 23 Biography.27
An approach to communication equilibria

The Nash equilibrium concept may be extended gradually when the rules of the game are interpreted in a wider and wider sense, so as to allow preplay or even intraplay communication. A well-known extension of the Nash equilibrium is Aumann's correlated equilibrium, which depends only on the normal form of the game. Two other solution concepts for multistage games are proposed here: the extensive form correlated equilibrium, where the players can observe private extraneous signals at every stage and the communication equilibrium, where the players are furthermore allowed to transmit inputs to an appropriate device at every stage. We show that the set of payoffs associated with each solution concept has a canonical representation (in the spirit of the revelation principle) and is a convex polyhedron. We also provide for each concept a "super-canonical" game such that the set of payoffs associated with the solution concept is precisely the set of Nash equilibrium payoffs of this game.
Future Perception In Public Health Care Using Data Mining

Healthcare information is diverse in scope and huge in content and its volume is so vast that traditional / routine analytical methods reveal very little of the possible conclusions. Modern data mining techniques can be applied to this data to extract otherwise hidden / unknown facets of knowledge which may be of vital importance to therapeutic, commercial and preventive aspects of healthcare. This research paper provides a survey of mining concepts in health-care, necessity of data-mining in Medicare field, algorithms used and its applications in various health care domains.
The Economic Impact of the Wine Industry on Hotels and Restaurants in Walla Walla

Walla Walla enjoys the fastest growing wine industry in the State of Washington, if not in the whole U.S. This paper examines the impact of this extraordinary growth on the revenue of regional hotels and restaurants. Employing a dynamic quarterly panel model at the county level we show that the regional reputation as high quality wine county, as expressed by critical wine points in the national wine press, has a significant effect on the tourism industry. Less than 17% of all restaurant and approximately 40% of all hotel revenue is tied to the wine cluster (2007). However, regional reputation is short-living and needs to be constantly re-earned.
An Estimation of the Recreational Use Value of Kursunlu Waterfall Nature Park by the Individual Travel Cost Method *

The recreational use value of Kursunlu Waterfall Nature Park in the Antalya province of Turkey was studied by using the Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM). For this purpose, 500 on-site questionnaires were administered between September 1998 and June 1999. By applying certain criteria to these questionnaires, 280 cases were selected for economic analysis. The number of visits made by individuals was used as the dependent variable, while travel costs of individuals to the Park, socio-economic variables (age, education and household income) and alternative sites were selected as the independent variables in the demand model of the Park. A semi-log functional form was used to estimate the consumer surplus of the Park users. The results showed that Kursunlu Waterfall Nature Park has an annual recreational use value of $50,000 with July 1999 exchange rates. It was concluded that the ITCM can be used in the estimation of recreational use value of the natural areas in Turkey, but further research on the type of costs to be considered in the calculation of travel costs is needed.
Localized Photoemission in Triangular Gold Antennas

With the development of ultra-fast laser technology, several new imaging techniques have pushed optical resolution past the diffraction limit for traditional lightbased optics. Advancements in lithography have enabled the straightforward creation of micronand nanometer-sized optical devices. Exposing metal-dielectric structures to light can result in surface plasmon excitation and propagation along the transition interface, creating a surface plasmon polariton (SPP) response. Varying the materials or geometry of the structures, the plasmonic response can be tailored for a wide range of applications. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has been used to image excitations in micron-sized plasmonic devices. With PEEM, optical responses can be characterized in detail, aiding in the development of new types of plasmonic structures and their applications. We show here that in thin, triangular gold platelets SPPs can be excited and concentrated within specific regions of the material (thickness ~50 nm); resulting in localized photoemission in areas of high electric field intensity. In this regard, the platelets behave as receiver antennas by converting the incident light into localized excitations in specific regions of the gold platelets. The excited areas can be significantly smaller than the wavelength of the incident light (λ ≤ 1 μm). By varying the wavelength of the light, the brightness of the excited spots can be changed and by varying the polarization of the light, the brightness and position can be changed, effectively switching the photoemission on or off for a specific region within the triangular gold structure. ii In this work, the spatial distribution of surface plasmons and the imaging results from photoemission electron microscopy are reproduced in simulation using finite element analysis (FEA). In addition, we show that electromagnetic theory and simulation enable a detailed and quantitative analysis of the excited SPP modes, an explanation of the overall optical responses seen in PEEM images, and prediction of new results.
Experimental Study of Loop Heat Pipe Performance with Nanofluids

Article history: Received 29 December 2018 Received in revised form 25 February 2019 Accepted 26 February 2019 Available online 27 February 2019 Heat pipes are widely used in various industries such as automotive, electronics, and many more. Heat pipes are used as cooling devices for electronic parts in machines that emit a large amount of heat, which can damage the devices. The heat pipes used in this investigation are loop heat pipes. These pipes can transport heat over a long distance and operate against gravity. The working fluid used in this investigation is nanofluid. Nanofluid is one of the types of working fluid that is considered to have better thermal performance than conventional fluids. Nanofluid is made of nanoparticles with base-fluid. This investigation studies the thermal performance of loop heat pipes using different types of nanofluids. Nanofluid fluids used in this study are diamond nanofluid, aluminium oxide nanofluid and silica oxide nanofluid. The effect of mass concentration of nanoparticles in the base-fluid is also studied. The results showed that as the mass concentration of nanofluids increased, the thermal resistance for diamond nanofluid and aluminium oxide nanofluid decreased, but the opposite occurred for silica oxide nanofluid but still better results than pure water. This shows that diamond and aluminium oxide nanofluids shows better thermal conductivity as it has lower total thermal resistance and thermal enhancement rate compared to other nanofluids. Diamond nanofluid also had higher heat capacity than aluminium oxide nanofluid as it had a lower vapour line temperature reading.
YKL-40 siRNA downregulates the expression of eotaxin , IL-5 , GM-CSF in an epithelial cell model of asthma

Background: YKL-40 is highly expressed in airway inflammation and remodeling, and higher YKL-40 levels are detected in patients with inflammatory diseases. YKL-40 may participate in the mechanism of inflammatory mediators that regulate eosinophil-mediated airway inflammation and contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. In the epithelium, YKL-40 could modulate the expression of eotaxin, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin (IL)-5, and the latter played a important role in eosinophilic airway inflammation. Objectives: YKL-40 could be an attractive target in the design of asthma therapies. Methods: Mouse airway epithelial cells were isolated and identified by immunofluorescent staining. The primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells were cultured with OVA for 48 h and transfected with YKL-40 siRNA. The relative levels of YKL-40, IL-5, GM-CSF, and eotaxin mRNA transcripts were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and their proteins were determined by ELISA and Western blot assays, respectively. Results: The YKL-40 protein levers in cells transfected with siRNA-YKL-40 (YKL40-si) were decreased by 70% compared with the levels in primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells transfected with siRNA-negative control (YKL-40-NC) or non-transfected epithelial cells (YKL-40-0) by Western blotting. The levels of eotaxin, GM-CSF, IL-5 mRNA and protein in cells transfected with siRNA-YKL-40 (YKL-40-si) were markedly decreased compared with those in cells transfected with siRNA-negative control (YKL-40-NC) or non-transfected epithelial cells (YKL-40-0). Conclusions: This finding could extend the prospective use of YKL-40 siRNA in asthma research and enlarge the armamentarium for treating asthma.
Small Folkman Numbers

This survey contains a comprehensive overview of the results related to Folkman numbers, a topic in general Ramsey Theory. Folkman numbers are founded upon the notion of Ramsey arrowing. For a graph G, we say that G → (a1, . . . , ar; q) or G → (a1, . . . , ar; q) iff G is Kq-free and for every vertexor edge-coloring of G with r colors, respectively, there exists a monochromatic copy of Kai in color i for some i ∈ {1, . , r}. Vertex and edge Folkman numbers are defined as Fv(a1, . . . , ar; q) = min{|V (G)| : G → (a1, . . . , ar; q)} and Fe(a1, . . . , ar; q) = min{|V (G)| : G → (a1, . . . , ar; q)}, respectively. In a more general case one may use the constraint that the graph G is H-free instead of Kq-free, where H is any arbitrary graph. The diversity of problems related to Folkman numbers have made them a subject of challenging research for more than five decades. In this survey we try to report and comment on all known results related to Folkman numbers, including ties with complexity theory, with as complete references as we could collect. While we do discuss asymptotic results, our focus is on bounds and exact values.
Race-of-Officer Effects in Traffic Stop Outcomes Representative Bureaucracy and the Routine Traffic Stop

We evaluate the factors associated with an officer’s decision to search the driver or vehicle after a routine traffic stop. Racial disparities in search rates by race of driver are similar for all types of officers; all tend to search Black male drivers at higher rates than any other demographic, but White male officers have higher search rates for all types of drivers. We discuss the implications of these findings both in terms of racial disparities in policing as well as with regard to theories of bureaucratic representation. Demographic representation in the police force has powerful implications not only for the satisfaction of citizens in their interactions with police, a finding others have previously noted, but for the outcomes of these interactions. Search rates are reduced by increased diversity on the force, but racial differences in those searches may not be.
P o S ( M Q W 7 ) 0 1 3 Probing the disc corona connection in accreting black holes

X-ray spectral variability is a powerful probe of the relationship between the accretion disc and corona in accreting black holes. To date most efforts have concentrated on the relationship between reflection (iron line and continuum) and the X-ray power law, whilst the accompanying thermal reprocessing has been largely neglected. We have started a program to use rms spectra and a new analysis technique, the "covariance spectrum" to disentangle the different components of the X-ray spectra of black hole X-ray binaries, identify the relationship between disc thermal emission and the illuminating power law and place strong constraints on the geometry of the disc and corona. Here we present the first results from this study which show evidence for a fluctuating inner disc truncation radius in the hard states of SWIFT J1753.5-0127 and GX 339-4.