Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doppler radar radial wind assimilation using an hourly cycling 3D‐Var with a 1.5 km resolution version of the Met Office Unified Model for nowcasting

This article describes the development and trials at the Met Office of the assimilation of radar Doppler radial winds in a pre‐operational framework. It uses a high‐resolution 1.5 km convective‐scale version of the Unified Model for nowcasting, on a small domain covering southern England and Wales. The assimilation was performed using a version of the Met Office 3D‐variational data assimilation system at 1.5 km resolution. The Doppler radial wind observations were provided by the original four Dopplerized C‐band single‐polarization radars in the UK radar network, all situated in the south of England. This article provides a description of the Doppler radial wind observation operator, pre‐processing, observation errors and data assimilation configuration. The system is tested on and verified for four case studies using continuous hourly cycling with 7 h forecasts. A significant positive impact for rain and wind is found in the first half of the forecasts (nowcasting time‐scale).
Delivery of educational material increased awareness of the elusive Pallas’s cat in Southern Mongolia

Abstract Public engagement and awareness programs are important components of many conservation programs today as such engagements are often critical for successful conservation. In this study, we examined if delivery of educational material increased awareness of the Pallas’s cat and its environment in a southern Mongolia herder community. We found that knowledge was greater and attitudes toward the Pallas’s cat and wildlife in general were more positive one year after the delivery of the educational material. This study thus suggests that educational material can be effective at increasing awareness of small and elusive species such as the Pallas’s cat.
Young children’s self-control moderates the relationship between risky outdoor play and injury experiences in naturalistic settings

ABSTRACT We investigated the dynamic relationships between children’s risky play attempts in a naturalistic setting, their injury experience, and their self-control ability. To test this, we administered surveys to 862 mothers of 3- to 5-year-olds. The results showed that children who tried more diverse types of risky play experienced more injuries in naturalistic settings than those who tried fewer types of risky play. Children with a high level of self-control experienced fewer injuries than those with a low level of self-control. Also, children who frequently played in naturalistic settings demonstrated higher self-control. We conclude that when children play in naturalistic settings, those who enjoy trying various types of risky play may be exposed to more danger than those who do not. However, in the long term, children’s experience playing in naturalistic settings can enhance their self-control ability, which mitigates the chance of them getting injured.
KONUSMA TANIMA ú ¸ ú HETEROSKEDASTú IK AYIRTACA NAL úúú D ¨ UZENL ú ¸T ú IR ú ú REGULARIZING HETEROSCHEDASTIC DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FOR SPEECH RECOGNITION

Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) followed by a diagonalizing maximum likelihood linear transform (MLLT) applied to spliced static MFCC features yields important performance gains as compared to MFCC+dynamic features in most speech recognition tasks. It is reasonable to regularize LDA transform computation for stability. In this paper, we regularize LDA and heteroschedastic LDA transforms using two methods: (1) Statistical priors for estimating the transform, (2) Structural constraints on the transform. Our structural constraint imposes a block structured LDA transform where each block acts on the same cepstral parameters across frames. The second approach suggests using new coefficients for static, first difference and second difference operators as compared to the standard ones. We test the new algorithms on two different tasks, TIMIT and AURORA2. We obtain consistent improvement over standard MFCC features. We also improve upon LDA+MLLT features for certain noise levels in AURORA2 tests.
Detección de micotoxinas (aflatoxinas) en alimentos primarios y procesados para humanos y animales de granja, en Riobamba-Ecuador

Las micotoxinas son sustancias producidas por varias especies de mohos que pueden crecer sobre los alimentos en determinadas condiciones de humedad y temperatura y se constituyen en un verdadero riesgo para la salud humana y animal. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de micotoxinas (aflatoxinas) en alimentos primarios y procesados para humanos y animales de granja en Riobamba, Ecuador. Se tomaron doce muestras con cuatro réplicas de alimentos primarios: arroz, pollo, leche cruda, maíz, alfalfa, trigo, y alimentos procesados: salchichas de pollo, leche pasteurizada, pan y concentrados para pollos, vacas y cerdos de los distintos mercados con mayor concentración de oferta de productos, las cuales fueron analizadas a través del método de inmunoabsorción ligado a enzimas ELISA (Veratox® for Aflatoxin Quantitative Test y Veratox® Aflatoxin M1, Neogen) con capacidad para determinar cuantitativamente aflatoxinas B1, B2, G1, G2, M1. Del total de muestras analizadas, el 98 % presentaron contaminación con aflatoxinas que, de acuerdo con el Codex alimentario ecuatoriano, se encuentran en los parámetros permitidos: menos de 10 µg kg-1, para alimentos y piensos y menos de 0,5 µg l-1 para el caso de la leche.
Perceived Value of Information Attributes: Accounting for Consumer Heterogeneous Preference and Valuation for Traceable Agri-Food

Information attributes characterize traceable agri-food. The perceived value of information attributes influences consumers’ preferences for traceable agri-food, consisting of two dimensions, predictive value and confidence value. We examine heterogeneous preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) in China’s traceable agri-food market. Using the choice experiments, we explore how the traceability information, certification type, region of origin, and price influence Chinese consumers’ Fuji apple choices. We identify three consumer classes by a latent class model: certification-oriented class (65.8%), price-sensitive and origin-oriented class (15.0%), and no-buy class (19.2%). The results show that consumer sociodemographic characteristics, predictive value, and confidence value are the heterogeneous sources that determine their preferences for Fuji apple information attributes. Specifically, consumers’ age, family income per month, and whether the family has children under 18 significantly impact the membership probability of consumers in both certification-oriented and price-sensitive and origin-oriented classes. Consumers’ predicted value and confidence value significantly impact the membership probability of consumers in the certification-oriented class. In contrast, consumers’ predicted value and confidence value have no significant impact on the membership probability of consumers in price-sensitive and origin-oriented class.
A Flexible Printed Circuit Board-Based ZnO Enzymatic Uric Acid Potentiometric Biosensor Measurement and Characterization

This study prepared an enzymatic potentiometric uric acid sensor based on zinc oxide (ZnO) and uricase. Also, we develop a potentiometric differential measurement system. We applied Nafion, APTES, and glutaraldehyde to immobilize the enzyme and increase sensitivity to prevent enzyme leakage. Thus, the uric acid sensor was integrated into FPCB which could provide flexibility to the sensor. In the uric acid concentration range of 2 mg/dL-10 mg/dL, we analyzed the characteristics of sensors with the voltage-time measurement system, measuring the average sensitivity, linearity, response time, limit of detection (LOD), and interference effects. The modification of Nafion and uricase improved the performance of the uric acid sensor.
O exercício docente na visão de futuros professores: um olhar a partir de situações internalizadas na Igreja

Numa abordagem qualitativa, como procedimento metodológico para levantamento de informações, utilizou-se a escrita de carta por alunos ingressantes no curso de Pedagogia de 2017 a 2020, de uma instituição de ensino superior (IES) de Mato Grosso do Sul. Os dados foram organizados com base na análise de conteúdo, trazendo os indícios relativos à influência da Igreja no percurso dos futuros professores. Numa perspectiva sociológica bourdieusiana, evidencia-se que os estudantes, ao chegarem ao curso de Pedagogia, possuem disposições instaladas como parte do habitus acerca da docência, que vai sendo incorporado por meio de seus percursos de vida e de escolarização. As análises permitem verificar a presença forte da religião na trajetória desses futuros docentes, seja por meio de práticas de algumas professoras que traziam suas crenças para a escola, ou pela vivência na Igreja. O estudo indica a necessidade de os cursos abrirem espaços para que os futuros professores narrem suas trajetórias para compreender como as disposições religiosas têm influenciado os modos de ver a profissão, bem como para contribuir para/na reestruturação desses modos de ver o exercício docente.
A technique for analysing finite element methods for viscous incompressible flow

SUMMARY We give a self-contained presentation of our macroelement technique for verifying the stability of finite element discretizations of the Navier-Stokes equations in the velocity-pressure formulation. In this paper we will consider some aspects of the approximate solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by finite element methods. The class of methods to be discussed consists of methods where independent finite element spaces are used for the velocity and the pressure. There are two difficult problems connected with this approach. The first is the approximation of the convection term. Recently, considerable progress has been made with this problem, as can be seen from some of the other papers in this issue. The problem we are going to discuss stems from the incompressibility condition. It is well known that this implies that the finite element spaces for the velocity and the pressure cannot be chosen arbitrarily. Instead, the velocity-pressure pair has to satisfy a stability inequality, the famous ‘BabuSka-Brezzi’ or ‘inf-sup’ condition. The basic theory for mixed methods was developed in the fundamental papers by BabuSka1y2 and Bre~zi. ~ Later, this theory was applied to mixed finite element methods for a number of problems in continuum mechanics. With regards to the discretization of the Navier-Stokes equations, a technique for proving the BabuSka-Brezzi condition was introduced in a basic paper by Crouzeix and Ra~iart. ~ In the same paper a widely used technique for designing stable discretizations using ‘bubble functions’ was introduced. The drawback of the technique of Reference 4 is that it consists of an explicit construction of the stability inequality, and this involves some technical scaling arguments. In particular, the technique is difficult to apply to so-called Taylor-Hood methods in which continuous approximations are used for the pressure. The problem of analysing Taylor-Hood methods was partially resolved by Bercovier and Pironneau,’ who showed that the convergence can be proved by altering the norms used in the stability inequality. Later, Verfurth6 considerably simplified their analysis by showing that the modified stability inequality implies the inequality with the natural norms. We refer to the book by Girault and Raviart’ for a rather complete survey of methods which have been proven to be stable. 027 1-209 1/90/140935-14$07 . OO 0 1990 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Semen Collection Frequency and Seasonal Variations on Fresh and Frozen Semen Quality in Thai Native Roosters

Simple Summary Semen collection frequency and season are the primary factors influencing the ability to effectively utilize artificial insemination technology during rooster fertility to ensure semen quality and a usable number of sperm for cryopreservation. In this present study, we first conducted an experiment for one year to study the influence of semen collection frequency (once, twice, and thrice per week) and seasonal factors on the quality of fresh and frozen semen from Thai native roosters raised under an open-housed system. The results showed that neither fresh nor frozen semen quality was affected by semen collection frequency, but they were influenced by season. Semen collection can be conducted three times per week in native Thai roosters without affecting semen quality while maximizing sperm production. However, the rainy season negatively affected sperm concentration. The highest sperm production was obtained during the winter compared to the summer and the rainy season. Moreover, the decreased sperm motility of frozen-thawed semen obtained in the summer season might be related to the higher malondialdehyde concentration. Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of the frequency of semen collection (once, twice, and thrice weekly) and seasonal variations on the fresh and frozen semen quality of Thai native roosters throughout the year. Data on temperature and humidity were collected and used to calculate the temperature–humidity index (THI). The average temperature and THI were lower in the winter than in the rainy season and the summer (p < 0.05). In contrast, the average relative humidity was not different among the seasons but was higher in the rainy season (p > 0.05). None of the fresh or frozen semen quality parameters were influenced by the frequency of semen collection, but the season did have an effect. The highest sperm concentration was obtained in the winter (p < 0.05). In contrast, the lowest sperm concentration was found during the rainy season, which presented the highest humidity. Regarding the frozen semen quality, the highest malondialdehyde concentration and the lowest motility were found in the summer (p < 0.05). In conclusion, semen collection can be conducted thrice per week for a consecutive year without affecting semen quality while maximizing sperm production. However, the highest sperm production was obtained in the winter, which is also a suitable season for producing semen for cryopreservation.
The stability of viscous fluid flow between rotating cylinders

The stability of the motion of viscous incompressible fluid, of density ρ and kinematic viscosity ν, between two infinitely long coaxial circular cylinders, of radii a and a + d, where d/a is small, is investigated mathematically by the method of small oscillations. The inner cylinder is rotating with angular velocity ω and the outer one with angular velocity αω, and there is a constant pressure gradient parallel to the axis. The fluid therefore has a component velocity W parallel to the axis, in addition to the velocity round the axis. A disturbance is assumed which is symmetrical about the axis and periodic along it. The critical disturbance, which neither increases nor decreases with the time, is periodic with respect to the time (except when W = 0, when the critical disturbance is a steady motion). As Reynolds number of the flow we take | | d/ν, where is the average value of W across the annulus, and we denote by l the wave-length of the disturbance along the axis, by σ/2π the time period of the critical flow, by c the wavelength of the critical flow, by ωc the critical value of ω, and we put approximately, if α is not nearly equal to 1.
Cell Sorting-Directed Selection of Bacterial Cells in Bigger Sizes Analyzed by Imaging Flow Cytometry during Experimental Evolution

Cell morphology is an essential and phenotypic trait that can be easily tracked during adaptation and evolution to environmental changes. Thanks to the rapid development of quantitative analytical techniques for large populations of cells based on their optical properties, morphology can be easily determined and tracked during experimental evolution. Furthermore, the directed evolution of new culturable morphological phenotypes can find use in synthetic biology to refine fermentation processes. It remains unknown whether and how fast we can obtain a stable mutant with distinct morphologies using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-directed experimental evolution. Taking advantage of FACS and imaging flow cytometry (IFC), we direct the experimental evolution of the E. coli population undergoing continuous passage of sorted cells with specific optical properties. After ten rounds of sorting and culturing, a lineage with large cells resulting from incomplete closure of the division ring was obtained. Genome sequencing highlighted a stop-gain mutation in amiC, leading to a dysfunctional AmiC division protein. The combination of FACS-based selection with IFC analysis to track the evolution of the bacteria population in real-time holds promise to rapidly select and culture new morphologies and association tendencies with many potential applications.
The energy loss of a rotating magnetized neutron star

The analysis of observations of pulsar B1931+24 shows that the mechanism of the spin-down of a rotating magnetized neutron star is due to the plasma generation in its magnetosphere and, consequently, the radio emission generation. The unique observation of the switch on and switch off of this pulsar allows us to distinguish between the energy loss in the absence of radio emission (the magnetodipole radiation) and the current loss due to the rotation energy expenditure to the relativistic plasma generation and acceleration in the pulsar magnetosphere. The inclination angle χ , the angle between the rotation axis and the magnetic dipole axis, can be stationary for this pulsar, χ = χ st. From observations and theory it follows that χ st = 59 ◦ .
A CO survey of regions around 34 open clusters. II. Physical properties of cataloged molecular clouds

Les proprietes physiques des 148 nuages moleculaires trouves dans un survey systematique de l'emission CO emanant de regions autour de 34 amas ouverts jeunes sont etudiees. Une description du survey CO et la methode utilisee pour isoler les nuages moleculaires sont presentees. Les proprietes des nuages sont tabulees et discutees. Les relations empiriques de la largeur des raies CO et de la masse a la taille des nuages sont derivees et interpretees. Un sommaire des resultats est ensuite presente, montrant en particulier que la largeur des raies CO et la masse des nuages obeissent a des relations d'echelle en loi de puissance avec la taille des nuages, que les nuages de toutes tailles ont approximativement la meme densite volumique, que les nuages moleculaires ne sont pas en equilibre du viriel, et que les nuages associes avec des amas tres jeunes sont plus grands et plus massifs que les nuages associes avec des amas plus vieux.
A content recommendation system for e-learning using enhanced Harris Hawks Optimization, Cuckoo search and DSSM

The e-learning is necessary in this fast internet world, especially during this pandemic situation, to continue education without any interruption and it is used reduce the educational cost significantly when reduces the energy loss. Generally, machine learning and deep learning algorithms are used to identify patterns that facilitate learning and help learners understand concepts easily. Many content recommendation systems are available for assisting learners as e-learning applications by providing the required study materials. Despite the fact that existing recommendation systems struggle to provide precise content to e-learners due to the availability of a massive volume of data on the internet and other repositories. For this purpose, we propose a new content recommendation system for recommending suitable content to learners according to their interests and learning capabilities. The proposed content recommendation system employs a newly proposed semantic-aware hybrid feature optimizer that incorporates new optimization algorithms such as the Enhanced Personalized Best Cuckoo Search Algorithm (EpBestCSA) and the Enhanced Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm (EHHOA) for selecting suitable features that aid in improving prediction accuracy, as well as a newly proposed Deep Semantic Structure Model (DSSM) that incorporates Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). According to the experimental results, the proposed model outperforms other recommendation systems in terms of precision, recall, f-measure, and prediction accuracy. The ten-fold cross validation is done to test the performance of the proposed methodology.
Losses in a BSCCO/Ag tape carrying AC transport currents in AC magnetic fields applied in different orientations

In most prospective electric power applications of high-temperature superconductors (HTSs), the conductor is wound in a coil configuration. For a coil of finite length, the magnetic field orientation is axial in the middle of the coil, while the field contains a substantial radial component at the coil ends. In a superconducting BSCCO/Ag tape, the AC losses depend strongly on the orientation of the magnetic field. In this study, we present experimental results of the AC losses in a multifilamentary silver-sheathed Bi-2223 HTSs tape, carrying alternating transport currents in externally applied alternating magnetic fields at different orientations, with respect to the face of the tape and perpendicular to the transport current. The AC losses were measured calorimetrically, at fixed temperature and frequency. The results are compared to semi-empirical models of the AC losses in HTSs tape. We present a more general model of the angular dependence of the AC losses.
An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems

This paper describes a theoretical investigation into (i) the response of a spherical particle to a one-dimensional fluid flow, (ii) the motion of a spherical particle in a uniform two-dimensional fluid flow about a circular cylinder and (iii) the motion of a particle about a lifting aerofoil section. In all three cases the drag of the particle is allowed to vary with (instantaneous) Reynolds number by using an analytical approximation to the standard experimental drag-Reynolds-number relationship for spherical particles.
Characterization of Convexity of Water Bodies

Convexity is considered as one the basic descriptors of shapes. In this paper, the characterization of the convexity of water bodies is performed. Concepts of mathematical morphology are used to compare water bodies and their corresponding convex hulls in terms of their size distribution, shape-size complexity and homotopic ratios. A power law relationship is observed between the convexity measures and areas of water bodies. This power law relationship arises as a consequence of the fractal properties of the convexity of water bodies. Convex hull computation increases the size of the water bodies. This enlargement is not even; smaller water bodies undergo smaller enlargements compared to larger water bodies, and hence, convex hull computation alters the water body size distribution. The computed convex hulls have a more even shapiness index distribution compared to the water bodies, as water bodies are random chaotic objects while convex hulls are well defined polygons. Convex hull computation also causes a loss of homotopic information. This study provides useful insight into the dynamical behavior of the floodings of water bodies.