Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Achievable Sum Rate of NOMA with Negatively-Correlated Information Sources

As the number of connected smart devices and applications increases explosively, the existing orthogonal multiple access (OMA) techniques have become insufficient to accommodate mobile traffic, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT). Fortunately, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the fifth generation (5G) mobile networks has been regarded as a promising solution, owing to increased spectral efficiency and massive connectivity. In this paper, we investigate the achievable data rate for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with negatively-correlated information sources (CIS). For this, based on the linear transformation of independent random variables (RV), we derive the closed-form expressions for the achievable data rates of NOMA with negatively-CIS. Then it is shown that the achievable data rate of the negatively-CIS NOMA increases for the stronger channel user, whereas the achievable data rate of the negatively-CIS NOMA decreases for the weaker channel user, compared to that of the positively-CIS NOMA for the stronger or weaker channel users, respectively. We also show that the sum rate of the negatively-CIS NOMA is larger than that of the positively-CIS NOMA. As a result, the negatively-CIS could be more efficient than the positively-CIS, when we transmit CIS over 5G NOMA networks.
Monitoring of the Looseness in Cargo Bolts under Random Excitation Based on Vibration Transmissibility

Bolted joints are widely used in industrial applications and joint failure can cause a disastrous accident if loosening happens. Bolt loosening detection can be made by regular manual inspection or by using sensors based on different physical principles, such as acoustoelastic effect, piezoelectric active sensing, and electromechanical impedance. Compared with the above methods, vibration based bolt looseness monitoring using accelerometers is appealing for its economy and convenience for measurement. In this paper, cargo bolts looseness monitoring under random excitation is studied based on vibration transmissibility, which overcomes the drawback of commonly used vibration methods in finding local bolt looseness. Vibration transmissibility analysis only uses two vibration transducers to monitor bolt group looseness, where the vibration signal below the cargo bolts is used as the “input” and the other one above the cargo bolts is used as the “output. ” There are 12 bolts in the cargo bolts studied in this paper, providing an essential clamping force to fix cargo during transportation. Six kinds of bolt group looseness with an increasing degree are simulated in the experiment. The experimental analysis shows that variation of the spectral moment can be used to monitor the global variation of the torque wrench exerted on the cargo bolts. The early stage of the bolt group looseness is that some one or two bolts begin to loose; however, the spectrum moment factor is insensitive to the local bolt looseness in the bolt group. To address this issue, the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA) based on random input and output is utilized to find the subtle eigenvalue variation of the system matrix, which is neglected by the frequency transmissibility function. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method for detecting local bolt looseness.
Social contact patterns and implications for infectious disease transmission – a systematic review and meta-analysis of contact surveys

Background: Transmission of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 depends on patterns of contact and mixing across populations. Understanding this is crucial to predict pathogen spread and the effectiveness of control efforts. Most analyses of contact patterns to date have focused on high-income settings. Methods: Here, we conduct a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis of surveys carried out in low- and middle-income countries and compare patterns of contact in these settings to surveys previously carried out in high-income countries. Using individual-level data from 28,503 participants and 413,069 contacts across 27 surveys, we explored how contact characteristics (number, location, duration, and whether physical) vary across income settings. Results: Contact rates declined with age in high- and upper-middle-income settings, but not in low-income settings, where adults aged 65+ made similar numbers of contacts as younger individuals and mixed with all age groups. Across all settings, increasing household size was a key determinant of contact frequency and characteristics, with low-income settings characterised by the largest, most intergenerational households. A higher proportion of contacts were made at home in low-income settings, and work/school contacts were more frequent in high-income strata. We also observed contrasting effects of gender across income strata on the frequency, duration, and type of contacts individuals made. Conclusions: These differences in contact patterns between settings have material consequences for both spread of respiratory pathogens and the effectiveness of different non-pharmaceutical interventions. Funding: This work is primarily being funded by joint Centre funding from the UK Medical Research Council and DFID (MR/R015600/1).
Recognition of Facial Expression using Landmark Detection in Deep Learning Model

With the advent of Deep Learning algorithms and especially Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), is used to extract the important features from face. However, most of the discriminative features come from the mouth region, nose and eyes. Whereas the other regions such as forehead, hair, ears hold a very small role in the analysis. In this paper, we present a deep learning-based approach for facial expression recognition using Landmark detection in CNN, that has the ability to focus on the sensitive area of the face and ignores the less sensitive information. This method of extracting information is known as landmark detection. The proposed work uses CNN with Landmark detection having a learning rate of 0.001 and on 50 epochs. The proposed model concentrates on the chief areas of the face, instead of less important regions of face. The methodology is tested and validated on Jaffe dataset using 10-fold cross validation of 141 images. The empirical results of the proposed methodology show that accuracy of recognition of facial expression increases by 87.5% as compared with state-of-the-art methods of classical CNN with 78.1% using Adam optimizer. The methodology can be further utilized as a base for emotional and behavior analysis using soft computing techniques.
Is a woman’s name worthless? An experiment related to the gender wage gap

On average, women earn less than men. This is evident in countries with the largest economies of the world. The purpose of this research is to discover whether a woman’s name rather than that of a man contributes to this difference. In an experiment involving 281 employees from several companies, participants were asked to pretend that they were human resource managers. They were required to offer a salary to a female or male applicant for a sales representative or manager’s job, and to also suggest a salary for a niece or nephew for similar jobs. Participants received identical curriculum vitae (CV) for each job, but half who were randomly selected received a female name on the CV and the other half a male name. On five measures for both jobs, all female applicants and nieces “received” lower salaries than male applicants and nephews, irrespective of their gender, age, or position.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Speed Control of Brushless Direct Current Motor

In this study, it is aimed to obtain an effective speed control performance from Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor. For this purpose, Interval Type-2 TakagiSugeno-Kang Fuzzy Logic Controller (IT2-TSK-FLC), which is designed using the knowledge of the expert and does not require the mathematical model of the system, is proposed. The simulation studies are carried out in Matlab/Simulink environment to investigate and evaluate the speed performance of the proposed controller structure. In addition, the speed responses obtained from IT2-TSK-FLC under transient and steady-state conditions are compared to the Type-1 FLC (T1FLC) and PI controller. From the results of the simulation studies, it is observed that IT2-TSK-FLC has more durable dynamic speed responses.
Time-domain coupled analysis of curved floating bridge under wind and wave excitations

A floating bridge is an innovative solution for deep-water and long-distance crossing. This paper presents a curved floating bridge's dynamic behaviors under the wind, wave, and current loads. Since the present curved bridge need not have mooring lines, its deep-water application can be more straightforward than conventional straight floating bridges with mooring lines. We solve the coupled interaction among the bridge girders, pontoons, and columns in the time-domain and to consider various load combinations to evaluate each force's contribution to overall dynamic responses. Discrete pontoons are uniformly spaced, and the pontoon’s hydrodynamic coefficients and excitation forces are computed in the frequency domain by using the potential-theory-based 3D diffraction/radiation program. In the successive time-domain simulation, the Cummins equation is used for solving the pontoon's dynamics, and the bridge girders and columns are modeled by the beam theory and finite element formulation. Then, all the components are fully coupled to solve the fully-coupled equation of motion. Subsequently, the wet natural frequencies for various bending modes are identified. Then, the time histories and spectra of the girder's dynamic responses are presented and systematically analyzed. The second-order difference-frequency wave force and slowly-varying wind force may significantly affect the girder's lateral responses through resonance if the bridge’s lateral bending stiffness is not sufficient. On the other hand, the first-order wave-frequency forces play a crucial role in the vertical responses.
On the appearance of objects and materials: Qualitative analysis of experimental observations

Perception of appearance of different materials and objects is a complex psychophysical phenomenon and its neurophysiological and behavioral mechanisms are far from being fully understood. The various appearance attributes are usually studied separately. In addition, no comprehensive and functional total appearance modelling has been done up-to date. We have conducted experiments using physical objects asking observers to describe the objects and carry out visual tasks. The process has been videotaped and analysed qualitatively using the Grounded Theory Analysis, a qualitative research methodology from social science. In this work, we construct a qualitative model of this data and compare it to material appearance models. The model highlights the impact of the conditions of observation, and the necessity of a reference and comparison for adequate assessment of material appearance. Then we formulate a set of research hypotheses. While our model only describes our data, the hypotheses could be general if they are verified by quantitative studies. In order to assess the potential generalisation of the model, the hypotheses are discussed in context of different quantitative state-ofthe-art works.
Performance improvement for printed indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors with a preheating process

High performance indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated by printing and spin-coating IGZO inks as a semiconductor layer at low temperature annealing. A preheating strategy was developed, which significantly enhanced the performance of IGZO TFTs while the post-annealing temperature was kept constant at 300 °C. It was found that when the temperature of preheating on a hotplate increased from 40 °C to 275 °C, the field effect mobility improved from 0.31 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 4.93 cm2 V−1 s−1 for printed IGZO TFTs and from 1.44 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 7.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 for spin-coated IGZO TFTs. The surface roughness of the IGZO films significantly decreased by increasing the preheating temperature from 40 °C to 95 °C. In addition, the analysis of IGZO film composition revealed that an additional nitrate bidentate configuration appeared in the films with preheating at 275 °C, though the substitution of a N atom for O sub-lattice (N)O was found in the film regardless of the preheating temperature. It was suggested that the performance enhancement was primarily attributed to the improvement in film texture brought about by the preheating strategy. Furthermore, the mobility enhancement at high preheating temperature was also related to the appearance of a bidentate configuration (M–O2–N).
CIA_A_252661 663..671

Jakub Kortas 1 Ewa Ziemann 2 Jedrzej Antosiewicz 3 1Department of Sport, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland; 2Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan, Poland; 3Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland Background: Excess iron accumulation in human tissue is associated with the diet, lack of exercise, or genetic factors. Iron accumulation increases the risk of acute myocardial infarction, diabetes, and cancer. On the other hand, exercise reduces the risk of several morbidities and influences iron metabolism. Here, we evaluated changes in iron metabolism induced by exercise in elderly women bearing the H63A HFE mutation. Purpose: To identify a factor that modulates the effect of exercise on iron metabolism. We investigated whether regular exercise induces similar changes in iron metabolism, mainly manifested by lowered body iron stores, in individuals bearing the wild-type (WT) and mutated HFE gene. Subjects and Methods: Seventy-six women (average age 69.2±5.6 years old) were enrolled in the study. Thirty-nine women participated in 12 weeks of Nordic walking (NW) training; the remaining participants were assigned to the control group. Based on the H63A HFE mutation status, the NW group was divided into women bearing the mutation (HET, n=12) and women with the WT gene (WT, n=27). Results: The training resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the serum iron (p=0.03) and ferritin levels (p=0.001); hepcidin levels remained unchanged. No differences in these parameters were noted between the HET and WT groups. Conclusion: These observations suggest that a reduction in body iron stores might constitute an important aspect of the health-promoting effect of exercise, regardless of the genetic background.
Contraindications of Batch Staining in Malaria Diagnosis and its implications on Drug and Vaccine Protective Efficacy

Introduction Background Malaria microscopy remains the reference or “gold” standard for malaria diagnosis in clinical trials (drug and vaccine), new diagnostic evaluation, and as well as in clinical care for much of the world today. It is known that microscopy is an imperfect gold standard [1,2]. A 1% false positive rate with serially collected smears can underestimate protective efficacy by >10% in malaria prevention studies [3]. As long as microscopy is used to determine the primary endpoint in malaria prevention and treatment trials, great lengths must be taken to ensure that good products are not inadvertently discarded. Cross-contamination resulting in false positive malaria films has been described many decades ago. James in 1911 [4] first report that malaria parasites are occasionally found deposited on other smears, indicating that there is some parasite loss from thick film during staining. In 1924, Barber and Komp [5] conducted and experimented with true negative blood collected from pigeons and true positive smears collected from malariainfected humans. They showed that 47% of negative smears became positive, and that the use of a surface active agent in the stain reduced the rate to 6%. In 1948, Brooke and Donaldson [6] reported that when thick blood films are stained together by mass procedures, blood elements may transfer from one film to another. In an attempt to prevent or at least to reduce material transfer of blood elements during mass staining, various modifications of the staining procedures were assessed by these authors. Most of these modifications did not eliminate the transfer. In 1960, Grant and colleagues [7] also described crosscontamination when multiple thick smears were made on the same slide. They concluded this was likely due to movement from one thick film to another while standing upright on a drying rack. In 1963, Hoo et al [8,9] identified that crosscontamination could be reduced when the scum on the surface of the stain was carefully removed. In 1966, Dowling and Shute [10] compared parasite counts between thick and thin films. They found parasite counts in thin films were greater than in
Operational Modal Analysis of Francis Turbine Runner Blades Using Transient Measurements

To prevent dynamic amplification or resonance during normal operation, which could result in large blade deformations and premature fatigue failure, structural mode frequencies are predicted using numerical models during design. However, such numerical models could benefit from validation using data obtained during commissioning. Here, we propose the use of asynchronous transient experimental measurements to identify regions where interaction between structural modes and Rotor-Stator Interaction (RSI) harmonics can be detected. From these regions, modal parameters can be estimated and compared with numerical predictions. This paper presents the methodology used to extract these modal parameters and estimate their uncertainties using data from a Francis runner recently commissioned by Hydro-Québec.
Responses of Arctic cyclones to biogeophysical feedbacks under future warming scenarios in a regional Earth system model

Arctic cyclones, as a prevalent feature in the coupled dynamics of the Arctic climate system, have large impacts on the atmospheric transport of heat and moisture and deformation and drifting of sea ice. Previous studies based on historical and future simulations with climate models suggest that Arctic cyclogenesis is affected by the Arctic amplification of global warming, for instance, a growing land-sea thermal contrast. We thus hypothesize that biogeophysical feedbacks (BF) over the land, here mainly referring to the albedo-induced warming in spring and evaporative cooling in summer, may have the potential to significantly change cyclone activity in the Arctic. Based on a regional Earth system model (RCA-GUESS) which couples a dynamic vegetation model and a regional atmospheric model and an algorithm of cyclone detection and tracking, this study assesses for the first time the impacts of BF on the characteristics of Arctic cyclones under three IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios (i.e. RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Our analysis focuses on the spring- and summer time periods, since previous studies showed BF are the most pronounced in these seasons. We find that BF induced by changes in surface heat fluxes lead to changes in land-sea thermal contrast and atmospheric stability. This, in turn, noticeably changes the atmospheric baroclinicity and, thus, leads to a change of cyclone activity in the Arctic, in particular to the increase of cyclone frequency over the Arctic Ocean in spring. This study highlights the importance of accounting for BF in the prediction of Arctic cyclones and the role of circulation in the Arctic regional Earth system.
Accurate and efficient analysis of dynamic runner stresses considering hydrodynamic damping effects

Safe and reliable dynamic designs of Francis and pump turbine runners require an accurate and efficient prediction of the dynamic response during operation including dynamic stresses. If resonance phenomena cause significant dynamic amplifications, response amplitudes strongly depend on damping effects, and numerical simulations have to include realistic damping behavior. For submerged components like turbine runners, hydrodynamic (flow-induced) damping and hydro-acoustic radiation are much greater than structural or material damping, but cannot be assessed sufficiently accurate by simple assumptions. Therefore, a newly developed fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methodology is presented which offers accurate and efficient harmonic response analyses of submerged structures not only accounting for added-mass effects but also for flow-induced damping and acoustic radiation. The acoustic FSI approach, widely used to consider added-mass effects, is enhanced by convective terms to include fluid forces caused by the deflection of the mean flow due to structural motion. Only a stationary flow solution, obtained from standard computational fluid dynamics analyses, is required as additional input. The linearized second-order system with non-proportional damping matrix is solved in frequency domain using a Krylov subspace based model order reduction technique. The methodology is validated using experimental damping data from an elastic hydrofoil in a cavitation tunnel. A first application to a prototype Francis runner, being excited close to resonance by rotor-stator interaction, reveals a significant influence of the operating condition on hydrodynamic damping and dynamic stresses. The numerical results for both part load and full load agree very well with measured prototype strains. Meanwhile, the automated methodology is applied as a standard tool within the hydro-mechanical runner design process ensuring dynamically safe and reliable runner designs.
Relationship between Squat Mobility with Snatch and Clean & Jerk Technique

The purpose of this study is to find if the mobility of the body effect on the Olympic lifting technique performing. Participants of this study involved 22 males and 22 females students Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching aged 20-24 years old. Participants were instructed to perform 3 repetitions of overhead squat mobility performance first, using only their own bodyweight without any equipment at all. Finished with that, participants were then instructed to performed 3 repetitions of snatch technical performance and proceed to the clean and jerk technical performance using the custom-made plastic pipe bar or 20-kg Olympic bar without plate. Result showed that all students had ‘Good” quality of mobility required for the technical performance of snatch, clean and jerk, however practical test indicated a mastery or quality of the technical performance for the snatch was just considered as ‘Fair’ for the male, with the female students scores dip into the ‘Poor’ level of performance. For both genders, all students have a poor technical performance quality for the clean and jerk exercise.
Influence of Array Arrangement on Scattering Characteristics of Metal Circular Hole Nanostructures

The key problem to improve the efficiency of solar cells by using the effect of surface plasmon is to select the parameters such as the material, shape, size, surface coverage, and the film thickness correctly. Much effort has been devoted to one-dimensional periodic arrays of slits and two-dimensional periodic arrays of holes with different shapes. However, little attention has been paid to the arrangement of the periodic arrays. In this article, we mainly analyze the scattering of gold circular hole arrays arranged in triangles, squares, rectangles and circles with the same thickness, aperture and period, and the results shows that scattering is affected by the arrangement of hole array. This will have certain potential significance to design metal dielectric structure properly for improving the absorption rate of photovoltaic devices.