Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Properties of the Inverse Cube Transformation of Error Component of the Multiplicative Time Series Model

This paper examines the inverse cube transformation of error component of multiplicative time series model. The probability density function (pdf) of the inverse cube root transformation of the multiplicative time series model was established, Further the was mathematically proved as a proper pdf since The Statistical properties (mean and variance) of the inverse cube transformation were equally shown.
A qualitative evaluation of a telehealth healthy lifestyle intervention for people with serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVES There are high levels of nutritional and metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory tract diseases among people diagnosed with serious mental illness (SMI). Consequently, we developed a pragmatic, affordable nutritional and exercise intervention: Choices4Health. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we modified this intervention so it could be delivered online. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of participating in online Choices4Health, in a real-world clinical setting, from the perspectives of service users with SMI. METHODS The study aim was addressed using thematic analysis. Service users who had attended online Choices4Health, received a SMI diagnosis (defined as a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or an affective disorder), and resided in a South Dublin catchment were invited to participate. Nine participants were purposefully sampled. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by telephone. Data analysis was guided by thematic analysis procedures. RESULTS Six themes were generated: Being ready and not overburdened (Engagement); Gaining knowledge and implementing it (Learning and doing); Viewing the intervention as appropriate and effective (Targeted impact); Being at home with others online (Belonging); Having a positive affective attitude towards the intervention (Feeling); and Perceiving problems with intervention delivery (Recommended change). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that online Choices4Health is, broadly speaking, acceptable from a service user perspective, but that further refinement is required to address specific issues participants identified. These relate to follow-up or programme extension, technology access, in-person contact preference, and participant inclusion criteria. Further research is required into online Choices4Health efficacy, innovations to reduce digital exclusion, and managing group dynamics in telehealth interventions.
Occupational interstitial lung diseases

Millions of workers are exposed to substances known to cause occupational interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), particularly in developing countries. However, the burden of the disease is likely to be underestimated due to under‐recognition, under‐reporting or both. The diagnosis of occupational ILD requires a high level of suspicion and a thorough occupational history, as occupational and non‐occupational ILDs may be clinically, functionally and radiologically indistinguishable, leading to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate management. A potential occupational aetiology should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of ILD, as removal from the workplace exposure, with or without treatment, is a key therapeutic intervention and may lead to significant improvement. In this article, we provide an overview of the ‘traditional’ inorganic dust‐related ILDs but also address idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the immunologically mediated chronic beryllium disease, sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with emphasis on the importance of surveillance and prevention for reducing the burden of these conditions. To this end, health‐care professionals should be specifically trained about the importance of occupational exposures as a potential cause of ILD.
Effect of Body Weight Support Training on Lower Extremity Motor Function in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

Objectives The aims of the study are to systematically evaluate the effect of body weight support training on lower extremity motor function(s) in patients with spinal cord injury and to compare the effect differences among three body weight support training methods. Design PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, CBM, China Scientific Journal, and Wan Fang databases were searched until December 31, 2022. Meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were conducted using RevMan 5.4 and ADDIS 1.16. 8. Results Nineteen randomized controlled trials involving 864 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that body weight support training could improve lower extremity motor scores according to the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury standard (mean difference = 6.38, 95% confidence interval = 3.96–8.80, P < 0.05), walking speed (standard mean difference = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.52–1.02, P < 0.05), and modified Barthel Index scores (mean difference = 9.85, 95% confidence interval = 8.39–11.30, P < 0.05). The network meta-analysis showed no significant difference among the three body weight support training methods for improving lower extremity motor scores in patients with spinal cord injury. The best probability ranking of the body weight support training methods for improving lower extremity motor scores in patients with spinal cord injury was robot-assisted gait training (P = 0.60), followed by aquatic exercise (P = 0.21) and body weight support training (P = 0.19). Conclusions Body weight support training can improve lower extremity motor score in patients with spinal cord injury. No significant difference was observed among the three body weight support training methods, but robot-assisted gait training may produce the best effect.
The effect of temperature and photoperiod on the time taken for a meal to pass through the gut, defecation and digestion in the last larval instar of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) is a highly destructive and polyphagous insect pest of great economic importance. It develops throughout the year and the larvae are non-diapausing. Little work has been done on the time taken for food to pass through the gut of S. littoralis . Thus, this study on starving and well fed last instar larvae of S. littoralis aimed to determine the effect of temperature and photoperiod on the time taken for a meal to pass through the gut, defecation and digestion. The results indicate that it depended on temperature, photoperiod and hunger. The time that elapsed between a larva being fed and the production of the ﬁ rst faecal pellet, which is a measure of the time it takes for food pass to pass through the gut (SFP), differed signi ﬁ cantly at different temperatures and photoperiods. The SFP was longer at 15°C than at 30°C. At 20°C and under a short photoperiod, SFP was very much shorter than under a long photoperiod (18L : 6D). In addition, at 20°C, the time to defecation was signi ﬁ cantly longer under a photoperiod of 12L : 12D than under continuous light. In all the tests > 95% of the larvae produced four faecal pellets per meal. The digestibility values varied signi ﬁ cantly in the different tests. This study offers new insights into the passage of food from the crop to the rectum at different temperatures and photoperiods. This might help in understanding the adaptability of S. littoralis and may also help in controlling this important pest.
Kinetic Alfvén waves in three‐dimensional magnetic reconnection

Alfvénic waves are believed to be fundamentally important in magnetic reconnection. Kinetic dynamics of particles can break the Alfvén speed limit in the evolution and propagation of perturbations during reconnection. In this paper, the generation and signatures of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) associated with magnetic reconnection in a current sheet is investigated using a three‐dimensional (3‐D) hybrid code under a zero or finite guide field. In order to understand the wave structures in the general cases of multiple X line reconnection, cases with a single X line of various lengths are examined. The KAWs are identified using the wave dispersion relation, electromagnetic polarization relations, as well as spectral analysis. In the cases in which the X line is so long to extend through the entire simulation domain in the current direction, quasi 2‐D configurations of reconnection are developed behind a leading flux/plasma bulge. KAWs with perpendicular wave number k⊥ρi∼1 (with ρi being the ion Larmor radius) are found throughout the transient plasma bulge region and propagate outward along magnetic field lines with a slightly super‐Alfvénic velocity. These KAWs are generated from the X line and coexist with the whistler structure of the ion diffusion region under a small guide field. In the cases in which the X line has a finite length 2ξ ∼ 10di, with ξ being the half length of the X line and di the ion inertial length, the KAWs originated from the X line are of 3‐D nature. Under a finite guide field, KAWs propagate along the oblique magnetic field lines into the unperturbed regions in the current direction, carrying parallel electric field and Poynting fluxes. The critical X line length for the generation of 3‐D‐like structures is found to be 2ξc≤30di. The structure, propagation, energy, spectrum, and damping of the KAWs are examined. Dependence of the structure of KAWs on the guide field is also investigated.
Randomised controlled trials of antipsychotics for people with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and a meta-analysis

Abstract Background Despite unclear evidence to support the long-term use of antipsychotics to treat challenging (problem) behaviours in people with autism in the absence of a psychiatric disorder, this practice is common. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving antipsychotics for people with autism of all ages, irrespective of the outcomes assessed. We searched seven databases and hand-searched ten relevant journals. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full papers and extracted data using the Cochrane Handbook template. We conducted meta-analyses of outcomes and the rate of adverse events. Results We included 39 papers based on 21 primary RCTs that recruited 1482 people with autism. No RCT assessed any psychiatric disorder outcome, such as psychoses or bipolar disorder. A meta-analysis of ten placebo-controlled RCTs showed a significantly improved Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-Irritability score in the antipsychotic group with an effect size of −6.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) −8.13 to −4.77] (low certainty). Pooled Clinical Global Impression data on 11 placebo-controlled RCTs showed an overall effect size of 0.84 (95% CI 0.48 to 1.21) (moderate certainty). There was a significantly higher risk of overall adverse effects (p = 0.003) and also weight gain (p < 0.00001), sedation (p < 0.00001) and increased appetite (p = 0.001) in the antipsychotic group. Conclusions There is some evidence for risperidone and preliminary evidence for aripiprazole to significantly improve scores on some outcome measures among children with autism but not adults or for any other antipsychotics. There is a definite increased risk of antipsychotic-related different adverse effects.
Electronic band gaps and exciton binding energies in monolayer M o x W 1 − x S 2 transition metal dichalcogenide alloys probed by scanning tunneling and optical spectroscopy

Using optical absorption and scanning tunneling spectroscopy techniques, the authors investigate band-gap properties of single layers of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) alloyed crystals (Mo${}_{x}$W${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$S${}_{2}$). They observe a significant modulation of the excitonic transitions, quasiparticle band gaps, and exciton binding energies. These findings may hold promise for fundamental studies of intralayer phenomena and for potential applications of TMDC alloys in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Inpatient vs outpatient management of pregnancies with vasa previa: A historical cohort study

Vasa previa, a condition where unprotected fetal blood vessels lie in proximity to the internal cervical opening, is a potentially lethal obstetric complication. The precarious situation of these vessels increases the risk of fetal hemorrhage with spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes, frequently causing fetal/neonatal demise or severe morbidity. As a result, in many centers, inpatient management forms the mainstay when vasa previa is diagnosed antenatally. This study aimed to determine whether a subpopulation of pregnancies diagnosed antenatally with vasa previa could be safely managed as outpatients.
Unsupervised learning of probabilistic object models (POMs) for object classification, segmentation and recognition

We present a new unsupervised method to learn unified probabilistic object models (POMs) which can be applied to classification, segmentation, and recognition. We formulate this as a structure learning task and our strategy is to learn and combine basic POM's that make use of complementary image cues. Each POM has algorithms for inference and parameter learning, but: (i) the structure of each POM is unknown, and (ii) the inference and parameter learning algorithm for a POM may be impractical without additional information. We address these problems by a novel structure induction procedure which uses knowledge propagation to enable POM's to provide information to other POM's and "teach them" (which greatly reduced the amount of supervision required for training). In particular, we learn a POM-IP defined on interest points using weak supervision [1, 2] and use this to train a POM- mask, defined on regional features, which yields a combined POM which performs segmentation/localization. This combined model can be used to train POM-edgelets, defined on edgelets, which gives a full POM with improved performance on classification. We give detailed experimental analysis on large datasets which show that the full POM is invariant to scale and rotation of the object (for learning and inference) and performs inference rapidly. In addition, we show that we can apply POM's to learn objects classes (i.e. when there are several objects and the identity of the object in each image is unknown). We emphasize that these models can match between different objects from the same category and hence enable object recognition.
The Galactic Nova Rate

Despite its fundamental importance and a considerable expenditure of observational effort, a reliable estimate of the Galactic nova rate has remained elusive. In this review recent estimates of the Galactic nova rate are critically examined and the problems associated with the determination of the Galactic nova rate are discussed. After considering how the observed properties of novae may depend on the underlying stellar population, a new estimate of the Galactic nova rate is presented based both on Galactic data and on a comparison with the nova rate in M31. Agreement between these two different approaches is found to be satisfactory, with the Galactic data yielding a rate of ∼ 30 yr−1 and the extragalactic data suggesting a somewhat smaller value of ∼ 25 yr−1. After considering likely sources of uncertainty in both the Galactic and extragalactic analyses, a value of 30 ± 10 yr−1 is suggested as the current best estimate of the Galactic nova rate.
Affine Realizations for Levy Driven Interest Rate Models with Real-World Forward Rate Dynamics

We investigate the existence of affine realizations for interest rate term structure models driven by Levy processes. Using as numeraire the growth optimal portfolio, we model the interest rate term structure under the real-world probability measure, and hence, we do not need the existence of an equivalent risk-neutral probability measure. Furthermore, we include finite dimensional external factors, thus admitting a stochastic volatility structure.
Theory of Mach reflection of detonation at glancing incidence

We present a theory for Mach reflection of a detonation undergoing glancing incidence reflection off of a rigid wall. Our focus is on condensed-phase explosives, which we describe with a constant adiabatic gamma equation of state and an irreversible and either state-independent or weakly state-dependent reaction rate. We consider two detonation models: (1) the instantaneous reaction heat-release Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) limit and (2) the spatially resolved reaction heat-release Zeldovich–von Neumann–Dø̈ring (ZND) limit, where here we only consider that a small fraction of the detonation energy release is spatially resolved (the SRHR limit). We observe a three-shock reflection in the CJ limit case, with a Mach shock that is curved. We develop an analytical expression for the triple-point track angle as a function of the angle of incidence. For the SRHR model, we observe a smooth lead shock, akin to von Neumann reflection, with no reflected shock in the reaction zone. Only at larger angles of incidence is a three-shock Mach reflection observed.
Revisiting Document Image Dewarping by Grid Regularization

Supplementary Material 1. Qualitative Results for CER Comparison Fig. 1 qualitatively compared our proposed method to DewarpNet. Although DewarpNet could obtain horizontally-aligned rectification results, the local distortions in the text regions (marked in red rectangles) limited the performance of readability. For our method, benefiting from the structural regularization of the text lines and the document boundaries, we handles the local distortion of paper-sheets very well. As a result, our method reduced the CER score by large margins.
Prognostic Value of TSPO PET Before Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed IDH–Wild-Type Glioblastoma

Visual Abstract The 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is gaining recognition as a relevant target in glioblastoma imaging. However, data on the potential prognostic value of TSPO PET imaging in glioblastoma are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the association of TSPO PET imaging results with survival outcome in a homogeneous cohort of glioblastoma patients. Methods: Patients were included who had newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)–wild-type glioblastoma with available TSPO PET before either normofractionated radiotherapy combined with temozolomide or hypofractionated radiotherapy. SUVmax on TSPO PET, TSPO binding affinity status, tumor volumes on MRI, and further clinical data, such as O6-alkylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) and telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene promoter mutation status, were correlated with patient survival. Results: Forty-five patients (median age, 63.3 y) were included. Median SUVmax was 2.2 (range, 1.0–4.7). A TSPO PET signal was associated with survival: High uptake intensity (SUVmax > 2.2) was related to significantly shorter overall survival (OS; 8.3 vs. 17.8 mo, P = 0.037). Besides SUVmax, prognostic factors for OS were age (P = 0.046), MGMT promoter methylation status (P = 0.032), and T2-weighted MRI volume (P = 0.031). In the multivariate survival analysis, SUVmax in TSPO PET remained an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.023), with a hazard ratio of 2.212 (95% CI, 1.115–4.386) for death in cases with a high TSPO PET signal (SUVmax > 2.2). Conclusion: A high TSPO PET signal before radiotherapy is associated with significantly shorter survival in patients with newly diagnosed IDH–wild-type glioblastoma. TSPO PET seems to add prognostic insights beyond established clinical parameters and might serve as an informative tool as clinicians make survival predictions for patients with glioblastoma.
Computing stable numerical solutions for multidimensional American option pricing problems: a semi-discretization approach

The matter of the stability for multi-asset American option pricing problems is a present remaining challenge. In this paper a general transformation of variables allows to remove cross derivative terms reducing the stencil of the proposed numerical scheme and underlying computational cost. Solution of a such problem is constructed by starting with a semi-discretization approach followed by a full discretization using exponential time differencing and matrix quadrature rules. To the best of our knowledge the stability of the numerical solution is treated in this paper for the first time. Analysis of the time variation of the numerical solution with respect to previous time level together with the use of logarithmic norm of matrices are the basis of the stability result. Sufficient stability conditions on step sizes, that also guarantee positivity and boundedness of the solution, are found. Numerical examples for two and three asset problems justify the stability conditions and prove its competitiveness with other relevant methods.
Evolución del pádel en España en función del género y edad de los practicantes

espanolExiste un reciente interes en el padel, dado su importante crecimiento en Espana los ultimos anos. No obstante, la informacion acerca del perfil de practicantes de este deporte es hasta el momento limitada. El objetivo de este estudio fue, por tanto, analizar la evolucion del padel Espana y determinar un perfil de jugadores en funcion de la edad, el genero y el nivel de practica. Se recurrio a los datos de las Encuestas de Habitos Deportivos de Espana desde el ano 2000 al 2015 (n = 61.189) y a los informes del numero de licencias de la Federacion Espanola de Padel (n = 56.613). El analisis estadistico incluyo el calculo de estimaciones e intervalos de confianza sobre la poblacion espanola. Los resultados mostraron una estimacion de 4,2 millones de practicantes de padel en 2015, existiendo un aumento de 3,0 millones de personas respecto al ano 2010. Ademas, se observo una alta representacion femenina (29% de los practicantes y 32% de las licencias) y un elevado numero de practicantes adultos (35-54 anos). Esta informacion contribuye a la mejora en la prescripcion de programas de ejercicio fisico para adultos en las que se utilice el padel como un tipo de actividad divertida y motivante. EnglishThe padel sport has gained recent interest given its important growth in Spain during recent years. However, information about padel practitioners’ profile is still limited. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyse the evolution on the number of padel practitioners in Spain to determine a player profile according to gender and age. Data was extracted from the Survey of Sporting Habits in Spain from 2000 to 2015 (n = 61,189), and from the reports of sport licences for the Spanish Padel Federation (n = 56,613). Statistical analysis included calculation of estimations and interval confidences on the Spanish population census. Results showed an estimation of 4.3 million of padel practitioners in 2015, finding an increment of 3.0 million compared to 2010. Regarding gender and age distribution, results may allow defining padel as a sport with a high female representation (29% of practitioners and 32% of licences belong to females), being mostly player by adults from 35 to 54 years old. This information contributes to the improvement of exercise programme prescription for adults, which may consider the padel sport as an enjoyable and motivating physical activity.