Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrin α3 promotes TH17 cell polarization and extravasation during autoimmune neuroinflammation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by CNS-infiltrating leukocytes, including TH17 cells that are critical mediators of disease pathogenesis. Although targeting leukocyte trafficking is effective in treating autoimmunity, there are currently no therapeutic interventions that specifically block encephalitogenic TH17 cell migration. Here, we report integrin α3 as a TH17 cell–selective determinant of pathogenicity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. CNS-infiltrating TH17 cells express high integrin α3, and its deletion in CD4+ T cells or Il17a fate-mapped cells attenuated disease severity. Mechanistically, integrin α3 enhanced the immunological synapse formation to promote the polarization and proliferation of TH17 cells. Moreover, the transmigration of TH17 cells into the CNS was dependent on integrin α3, and integrin α3 deficiency enhanced the retention of CD4+ T cells in the perivascular space of the blood-brain barrier. Integrin α3–dependent interactions continuously maintain TH17 cell identity and effector function. The requirement of integrin α3 in TH17 cell pathogenicity suggests integrin α3 as a therapeutic target for MS treatment. Description Integrin α3 promotes TH17 cell differentiation, proliferation, and transmigration, driving pathogenicity during autoimmune neuroinflammation. Editor’s summary The infiltration of CD4+ TH17 cells into the central nervous system (CNS) is a major driver of pathogenesis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Blocking lymphocyte trafficking to the site of autoimmune inflammation is a promising approach to treat MS, but the factors mediating the migration of TH17 cells are not well defined. Park et al. identified that integrin α3 is selectively expressed by pathogenic TH17 cells in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) downstream of IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Integrin α3 stabilized the immune synapse through binding to its ligands on antigen-presenting cells, promoting the differentiation, expansion, and CNS infiltration of TH17 cells. These findings demonstrate that integrin α3 is a key determinant of TH17 cell pathogenicity in autoimmune neuroinflammation and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for MS. —Hannah Isles
Holocene fluvial response to climate change and human activities; Burgundy, France.

Abstract Alluvial deposits of the Loire/Arroux trunk/tributary system record distinct, synchronous episodes of regional fluvial adjustment. Changes in facies and depositional style through time can be interpreted with a modern analogue model that relates vegetative cover/human influence with sediment supply, and modes of atmospheric circulation with the paths and styles of storms that drive variable discharge regimes across western Europe. Zonal atmospheric circulation results in a Mediterranean style climate over southern Burgundy, producing dry conditions punctuated by infrequent, large floods. Episodic overbank sedimentation and the burial of thin paleosols in sandy overbank facies is indicative of this style of fluvial activity, ca 1300 years BP. Humans may have increased the available volume of fine grained sediment at this times through increased agricultural activity along valley axes, however facies match that expected from a ‘flashy’ discharge regime. In contrast, meridional circulation patterns result in a maritime style climate over southern Burgundy, with the intrusion of storms, moist conditions and frequent, moderate magnitude discharges. Wide, deep channels, thick channel facies and thin overbank facies are indicative of this style of fluvial activity, recorded in deposits dating to ca 4050 to 3200 years BP. Strong meridional conditions and extreme climatic variability during the Little Ice Age resulted in very large discharges that straightened and widened channels, while scouring and obscuring older terraces (ca 500 years BP). Deposition over the last two centuries is related to increasingly zonal circulation and infrequent, large (over-bank) floods. Changes in fluvial dynamics over the last 300 years can be attributed primarily to climatic control, as there has been very little change in land-use over that period.
Thermal structure of Jupiter's atmosphere near the edge of a 5‐μm hot spot in the north equatorial belt

Thermal structure of the atmosphere of Jupiter was measured from 1029 km above to 133 km below the 1-bar level during entry and descent of the Galileo probe. The data confirm the hot exosphere observed by Voyager (∼900 K at 1 nanobar). The deep atmosphere, which reached 429 K at 22 bars, was close to dry adiabatic from 6 to 16 bars within an uncertainty ∼0.1 K/km. The upper atmosphere was dominated by gravity waves from the tropopause to the exosphere. Shorter waves were fully absorbed below 300 km, while longer wave amplitudes first grew, then were damped at the higher altitudes. A remarkably deep isothermal layer was found in the stratosphere from 90 to 290 km with T ∼ 160 K. Just above the tropopause at 260 mbar, there was a second isothermal region ∼25 km deep with T ∼ 112 K. Between 10 and 1000 mbar, the data substantially agree with Voyager radio occultations. The Voyager 1 equatorial occultation was similar in detail to the present sounding through the tropopause region. The Voyager IRIS average thermal structure in the north equatorial belt (NEB) approximates a smoothed fit to the present data between 0.03 and 400 mbar. Differences are partly a result of large differences in vertical resolution but may also reflect differences between a hot spot and the average NEB. At 15 4 bars, probe descent velocities derived from the data are consistently unsteady, suggesting the presence of large-scale turbulence or gravity waves. However, there was no evidence of turbulent temperature fluctuations >0.12 K. A conspicuous pause in the rate of decrease of descent velocity between 1.1 and 1.35 bars, where a disturbance was also detected by the two radio Doppler experiments, implies strong vertical flow in the cloud seen by the probe nephelometer. At p < 0.6 bar, measured temperatures were ∼3 K warmer than the dry adiabat, possible evidence of radiative warming. This could be associated with a tenuous cloud detected by the probe nephelometer above the 0.51 bar level. For an ammonia cloud to form at this level, the required abundance is ∼0.20 × solar.
Capillary barrier effect from underlying coarser soil layer

Infiltration tests were conducted on soil columns of silty sand over pea gravel, concrete sand over pea gravel, and silty sand over concrete sand to investigate the capillary barrier effect of an underlying coarser soil layer. Water movement across the interface occurred when the suction head at the interface reached the breakthrough head of the coarser lower soil layer, defined as the suction head at which the coarser layer first became conductive, regardless of infiltration rate or the properties of the overlying finer soil layer. Thus, the coarser lower soil layer controlled breakthrough in this study. After infiltration was terminated, the suction head near the interface increased above the breakthrough head and the barrier was restored. The breakthrough head did not change substantially after eight test cycles of breakthrough and restoration for a capillary barrier with a pea gravel as the coarser lower soil layer. The barrier formed with the concrete sand as the coarser layer permitted breakthrough at a greater suction head than did the barrier with the pea gravel, indicating that the more uniform and coarse the lower soil layer is, the more effective the capillary barrier.
Comment on: Rowan et al. Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: The Offspring Follow-Up (MiG TOFU): Body Composition at 2 Years of Age. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2279–2284

The recent article by Rowan et al. (1) reports decreased biceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in the 2-year-old offspring of women randomized to receive metformin rather than insulin treatment for their gestational diabetes. Body fat percentage, measured by bioimpedance and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was similar in the two groups, suggesting that metformin treatment is associated with a more metabolically favorable distribution of body fat in the offspring, while not changing …
Quaternary fossil faunas of Otago, South Island, New Zealand

The Quaternary terrestrial faunas, primarily birds, of three inland districts in Otago, South Island, New Zealand are described. The three areas (North Otago, Central Otago and near Wanaka) differ in their present topography and climate, and their palaeofaunas are also different: that of North Otago is considerably more diverse than either of the others. The differences are related to habitat diversity and climate. In Otago, 62 native species of birds, plus greater and lesser short‐tailed bats Mystacina spp. , tuatara Sphenodon, Duvaucel's gecko Hoplodactylus duvaucelii, common gecko H. maculatus, and indeterminate skinks Oligosoma spp, are recorded from fossil deposits. Most deposits are of Holocene age. Swamp‐miring, predation by laughing owls and falcons, and pitfall processes were responsible for accumulating the fossils. The holotype of Ocydromus insignis Forbes is identified, and the species synonymised with Gallirallus australis Sparrman.
Video-based monitoring of the Egmond beach- and shoreface nourishments: Evaluation of the 1999 nourishments with the help of the Argus video system

The Dutch coast at Egmond is a highly dynamic region where nourishments of sand are necessary to compensate erosion. In comparison with neigbouring coastal areas the necessary nourishment frequency is relatively high. The latest intervention concerns a combined beach- and shoreface nourishment in the spring and summer of 1999. In order to monitor the evolution of both nourishments and to improve knowledge on local beach processes, an Argus video station was placed. In this report the Argus video images from this station have been analysed with several video based tools. Most important one concerns the waterline detection model, which is used to map intertidal beach bathymetry. It determines the position of the waterline from time averaged Argus images based on color differences between wet and dry beach. The associated vertical elevation is found by hydrodynamic modelling. The model has been validated against a dataset of DGPS surveyed waterlines indicating the accuracy of the model. The root mean square error between model and measurements typically amounts about S meter in cross-shore direction and 10 em in vertical sense. Intertidal beach profiles have been created by modelling multiple waterlines within one tidal cycle. Time series of such profiles show the evolution of intertidal beach morphodynamics at Egmond which reflects the effect of both nourishments. The development and location of the shoreface nourishment in time have been studied by using the differences in image intensity as observed on the Argus images. Finally the results allow an evaluation of the combined beach- and shoreface nourishments and the coastal processes governing the Egmond nearshore zone. Video techniques might contribute importantly to future coastal managemnet decisions concerning coastal interventions at Egmond.
UNA APLICACIÓN PRÁCTICA DEL MÉTODO DE ANÁLISIS DE PUNTOS DE FUNCIÓN

The success of a software development project depends on a product with all user specifications and deliver an time and term of the established budget. Many projects fail when they not being release on time or without budget because a bad estimation of the effort or duration. This article shows how to use metric and case based on size or functionally, points of function, can help to have better control and better evaluation of the times and efforts required in software development projects, taking in consideration the size of software. Function points analysis (FPA) defined by the IFPUG in the software projects of documents proceeding of the FISCI - UIGV.
The development of HJ SAR soil moisture retrieval algorithm

Four satellites with S-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard, along with four optical satellites, form the Huan Jing (HJ) constellation, which consists of the Chinese Environment and Disaster Monitoring Satellites that are designed for fast monitoring of the dynamics of soil moisture and other environmental variables. A 24-hour revisit time of the future four HJ SAR satellites enables an estimation of soil moisture change by using multi-temporal observations. The algorithm for estimating soil moisture change has been developed for HJ SAR in four steps: (a) theoretical simulation of radar backscattering from vegetated and bare soil with first-order scattering model and the Advanced Integral Equation Method (AIEM); (b) vegetation correction based on a simplified scattering model and ancillary optical observations of the HJ constellation; (c) simplification of a radar backscattering model for bare soil to separate the effects of surface roughness and soil moisture; and (d) estimation of soil moisture change from multi-temporal SAR observations. The comparison between field measurements and soil moisture retrieved by the proposed algorithm demonstrates good accuracy.
Generation of the African Easterly Jet and Its Role in Determining West African Precipitation

Abstract An examination of analyses and model simulations is used to show that the African easterly jet forms over West Africa in summer as a result of strong meridional soil moisture gradients. In a series of GCM experiments, the imposition of realistic surface wetness contrasts between the Sahara and equatorial Africa leads to strong positive meridional temperature gradients at the surface and in the lower troposphere; the associated easterly shear in the atmosphere is strong enough to establish easterly flow—the African easterly jet—above the monsoon westerlies at the surface. Positive temperature gradients associated with the summertime distributions of solar radiation, SSTs, or clouds are not large enough to produce the easterly jet in the absence of soil moisture gradients. A thermally direct ageostrophic circulation is identified that can accelerate the largely geostrophic zonal flow and maintain the jet. While moisture converges throughout the lower troposphere over East Africa, moisture divergenc.
Loss of organic carbon from source rocks during thermal maturation

Decreases in pyrolysis yields during thermal maturation are generally factored into source-rock evaluations, however, decreases in total organic carbon (TOC) content are often ignored even though they may also be significant. For example, both theoretical calculations derived from a van Krevelen diagram and experimental pyrolysis measurements indicate organic carbon loss during generation and expulsion may be as high as 70% in type I kerogen and is approximately 50% in type II kerogen. TOC reduction is lowest in type III kerogen, but estimated losses still range from 12% to 20%. TOC losses during maturation are also supported by two recent field studies that examined Cretaceous units of the Rocky Mountain region. Empirical data from one these field studies indicate TOC reductions of 35% in mature source intervals containing type II-III kerogen. Post-maturation TOC contents, however, can easily be restored to their initial values by using simple calculations that assume only a basic knowledge of organic matter type and thermal maturity level. In contrast, failure to adjust source-rock evaluations for TOC losses, particularly in the case of oil-prone type I and type II kerogen, can lead to errors in volumetric calculations of hydrocarbons generated. In the hypothetical basin evaluation described in this article, hydrocarbon yields were underestimated by 55% when TOC losses were not included in the volumetric assessment. By recognizing the potential for TOC reduction during maturation, the necessary corrections can be made, resulting in a more accurate and optimistic assessment of hydrocarbon potential.
Relación entre asociación micorrícica con el estado fitosanitario en el arbolado urbano de Bogotá D.C

En parques y zonas verdes de Bogota DC. , se evaluo la densidad de esporas y la colonizacion radical en la rizosfera de tres especies comunes del arbolado urbano: Eugenia myrtifolia, Ficus soatensis y Croton bogotensis, con el fin de determinar si el grado de micorrizacion esta relacionado con el estado fitosanitario y si existe diferencias en el grado de micorrizacion entre dos zonas climaticas distintas. Se comprobo que la especie y el clima son fuentes significativas de variabilidad en el estado general de micorrizacion. Eugenia myrtifolia presento la mayor colonizacion radical promedio pero el mas bajo promedio de densidad de esporas, mientras C. bogotensis tuvo la respuesta contraria. En general los ambientes secos y semisecos favorecieron la micorrizacion. Considerando los datos de todas especies, se comprobo una relacion positiva entre el estado fitosanitario general y la colonizacion radicular, y al evaluar la relacion con la afectacion de sintomas especificos se encontro que la clorosis, la quemazon y la herbivoria mantienen una relacion negativa con la micorrizacion en E. myrtifolia y C. bogotensis. Los resultados sugieren que la asociacion con hongos de micorriza arbuscular ayuda de algun modo a reducir esos sintomas, presentando un potencial importante para mejorar la sanidad y vida media de las especies arboreas en la ciudad
Effect characteristics of Chinese New Year fireworks/firecrackers on PM2.5 concentration at large space and time scales

Fireworks/firecrackers have always played an important role in traditional Chinese New Year. However, several pollutants are emitted while burning fireworks/firecrackers. Among them, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) draws extensive attention due to its negative effect on human body. Previous studies have proved fireworks/firecrackers displays can raise regional PM2.5 concentration, but studies are still constrained to specific cities and time periods. Remote sensing is an efficient tool to monitor the change of PM2.5 concentration during such intensive and widespread fireworks/firecrackers display activities. By combining ground-based PM2.5 data and long-term satellite AOD products, we analyzed the respond of PM2.5 concentration to Chinese New Year fireworks/firecrackers displays, and evaluated the effect intensity of such activities at different space and time scales. The results indicate that the effect of Chinese New Year fireworks/firecrackers displays is intense but transience at both city level and national level. Besides, by combining multi-source data, a model was constructed for estimating historical ground PM2.5 concentration data.
Factors affecting olive oil quality

Olive (Olea europaea, Z.), an evergreen tree has been cultivated for thousands years, in many semi-arid and arid mountainous areas surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. Olive oil is extracted from the olive fruit by mechanical means, without any chemical treatment thus preserving all of its natural constituents, which are responsible for the unique flavor, as appreciated by consumers. This thesis concentrates on the important factors that might affect the quality of olive oil. These comprise: cultivar / agricultural methods / weather / processing / storage. Of the quantitative and qualitative results obtained, the following are of particular interest. The olive variety influenced the chemical composition and sensory quality of the olive oil. Particularly affected were the composition of fatty acids, sterols, aliphatic and triterpene alcohols, phenolic compounds and sensory attributes. Osmotic stress, due to no irrigation or to saline irrigation, influenced the size and oil content of the fruit and the composition of triacylglycerol molecular species, fatty acids, total phenols, secoiridoid derivatives as well as volatile compounds and sensory attributes of olive oil The processing methods affected the sensory quality and the phenolic compounds of olive oil. The most significant variations occured mainly due to the quantity of water added to the system of extraction and the duration and temperature of malaxation. The alteration of these during the extraction process was reflected in oxidative processes. The rate of olive oil oxidation was a function of both the time and the various conditions of storage. Virgin olive oil keeps its qualitative characteristics under the category of extra virgin olive oil for 15 months if it is stored in tin containers indoors at room temperature and with nitrogen in the headspace. The present studies provide information for the olive oil industry in order to improve the overall olive oil quality by optimising each step of the production chain.
emerging strategies in the treatment of poststroke depression and psychiatric distress in patients

: Poststroke depression (PSD) is a common sequela of stroke associated with increased morbidity and mortality among stroke survivors. PSD has been associated with poorer rehabilitative outcomes, longer inpatient stays, inefficient use of medical resources, worsened cognitive decline, and increased suicidality. This article reviews the definition and proposed etiology of PSD as well as current and emerging evidence-based prevention, screening, and treatment modalities. The timely use of prevention and treatment techniques including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods may improve treatment outcomes and enhance the quality of life in stroke patients.
Revised Volcanic History of the San Juan, Uncompahgre, Silverton, and Lake City Calderas in the Western San Juan Mountains, Colorado

Abstract The sequence of mid-Cenozoic volcanic events in the western San Juan Mountains is closely analogous to that elsewhere in the San Juan volcanic field. The Lake Fork, Picayune, and San Juan Formations were erupted from a cluster of central volcanoes from 35 to 30 m.y. ago, when dominant activity shifted to more silicic ash-flow eruptions with accompanying caldera collapses. The Uncompahgre and San Juan calderas, each about 20 km across, formed mainly from eruption of the 28-m.y. -old Sapinero Mesa Tuff. Collapse occurred concurrently with eruption, and intracaldera tuffs accumulated to a thickness of more than 700 m. Both calderas were resurgently domed together; the northeast-trending Eureka graben formed along the distended crest of that dome. The Uncompahgre caldera was then flooded by several 27- to 28-m.y. -old ash-flow sheets from easterly sources, and also by one apparently erupted from the Silverton caldera nested within the older San Juan caldera. The Lake City caldera, located within the older Uncompahgre caldera, formed about 22.5 m.y. ago in response to eruption of the Sunshine Peak Tuff.