Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preference and perceived naturalness in visual perception of naturalistic landscapes

In landscape design legacy, diverse naturalistic landscape design types develop from a range of design approaches in application of the idea of nature. Naturalistic landscapes are important and valuable experiential landscapes. It is argued in the article, that naturalistic landscapes are not a single perceptual category and that the level of abstraction of natural condition affects not only preference for them, but also perceived naturalness. In addition, also other identifiable variables exist (namely Maintenance, Plant species diversity, Familiarity, Mystery, Coherence, Legibility, and Complexity), that to some extent account for these preferences and perceived naturalness. In the study, preference and perceived naturalness judgements were obtained for a selection of natural, naturalistic and geometrically designed landscape scenes. The results show, that naturalistic landscapes are more preferred than geometrical, and partly also more preferred than natural and that they consist of different visually perceived types. The most preferred are ‘Landscape style’ and ‘Wild garden’ scenes, less preferred are ‘Natural’ and ‘Biotope’ scenes, the least preferred are ‘Geometrical’ scenes. In addition, ‘Natural’ and ‘Biotope’ scenes are also perceived as the most natural. Preference is predicted mostly by Coherence, whereas perceived naturalness is predicted by several predictors, namely Preference, Maintenance, Familiarity, and Mystery. Hierarchy of score grouping for preference is as follows: form, content, structure, and spatial order. Slight difference is observed for perceived naturalness. In regard to perceived naturalness, the landscape scenes are grouped by content, form, structure and spatial order. Four distinctive groups of participants were clustered in regard to preference for landscape scenes, and three groups in regard to perceived naturalness.
Spectacles Under Utilization and Associated Factors Among Adults in Hawassa, South Ethiopia, June, 2022

Background The commonest and cheapest treatment modality for correcting refractive error is spectacles or eyeglasses. In Ethiopia, the rate of spectacles under utilization and its impact on visual impairment was not known. Objective To assess spectacles under utilization and associated factors among adults in Hawassa, Ethiopia, 2022. Methods and Materials Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from Jan 2021 to May 2022 with a final sample size of 664. Multi-stage random sampling technique was used during the sampling process. Using an interviewer-based questionnaire, the selected individuals were asked about demographic characteristics, spectacles use, and satisfaction with spectacles, knowledge, and attitude about spectacles. An odds ratio with a 95% CI was used to display the results. A P-value less than 0.05 in multivariate logistic regressions is used to show statistical significance. Results The prevalence of spectacles under utilization was 307 (48.7%). The spectacles under utilization was more prevalent in individuals with unaided visual acuity of 6/6 −6/12 (46.1%), no eye checkup (38.4%), no surgery on the eye (46.6%), willingness to accept spectacles (35.9%), good knowledge about spectacles (32.6%) and poor attitude about spectacles (35%). The most common reasons for not utilizing spectacles were believed not necessary (14.9%), expensive cost (13.1%), and discomfort (11.4%). Among the spectacles users (33.64%) who wore spectacles for 2 years, 31.17% procured the spectacles without physician orders and 46.6% purchased the spectacles in the optical workshop. The most common purpose to use spectacles was for protection (41.4%). Conclusion and Recommendation The spectacles under utilization in Hawassa town was high. Rural residency, occupation, eye check, eye surgery, no willingness to wear spectacles, and attitude towards spectacles were significantly associated with spectacles under utilization. It is necessary to provide health education to improve the poor attitude regarding spectacles and eye checks.
Role of IoT in Coal Miner Safety Helmets

The Coal Mining Head protector planned on this paper intends to offer protection to diggers through alerted them. All of the parts may be implied given that the individual is conveying the defensive cap. Every model's result from the cap module is refreshed ceaselessly, and that implies that continuous information is refreshed in the cloud. The Web of Things (IOT) permits these wearable contraptions to impart their information or recover it from different sources. The chief and the digger are given alerts, expecting there is a peril present. The advancement of wearable innovation has enormously profited from all inclusive enlistment and wearable PC systems. Thusly, this wearable gadget has various sensors that empower it to speak with different parts and work on the digger's protection. Information assortment, data the executives, and data correspondence portions are completely coordinated into the gear. A temperature and moistness sensor (DHT11) was utilized. How much intensity and dampness in mines will sporadically go excessively far and become lethal for the backhoe. The freedom of those gases ought to cause breathing troubles for anybody inside the mines and could bring about suffocation. In the impossible occasion that at least one of these pieces surpass the cutoff, an alert is shipped off both the base Authorizer and the digger.
The effect of canopy density and nearest canopy heighton through fall within a small catchment

A study was conducted within Bam River catchment in Danum Valley, Lahad Datu. The purpose of this study is to estimate throughfall and interception value in Baru River catchment area. This research also studied the effect of nearest canopy height and canopy density of two individual tree species (Shorea parvifolia and Koompasia excelsa). Throughfall measurement was carried out from 14 August to 14 December 2008 using 40 Personal designed storage gauges. Throughfall was quantified as 66.5% from the gross rainfall during three months study. The estimated interception loss was 32.1 % at the gross rainfall which is higher than the previous study. The high interception loss due to low throughfall may have resulted from the spatial variability of rainfall in Baru catchment and Danum Valley Field centre (DVFC). The weak relationship between canopy density and interception loss indicates tendency of canopy density to influence the interception loss but canopy architecture, on the other hand play more important role in the interception process. Meanwhile the height of nearest canopy does not correlate significantly with interception loss (R2= 0.00 I).
PELATIHAN SEKTOR PETERNAKAN YANG DIBUTUHKAN UNTUK BERADAPTASI TERHADAP PEMANASAN GLOBAL (SEBUAH STUDI PUSTAKA)

Pemanasan global akibat dari meningkatnya konsentrasi gas rumah kaca berdampak pada peningkatan suhu permukaan bumi sehingga mempengaruhi keseimbangan cuaca dan ekosistem. Adaptasi terhadap pemanasan global sangat dibutuhkan untuk ketahanan pangan hewani dan pembangunan berkelanjutan di sektor peternakan. Makalah hasil tinjauan pustaka dari berbagai artikel internasional ini membahas bagaimana sektor peternakan dapat beradaptasi terhadap pemanasan global. Tema dan kurikulum pelatihan-pelatihan di sektor peternakan bagi para stakeholder di masa depan direkomendasikan terkait 5 aspek produksi ternak yang paling terpengaruh oleh pemanasan global. Kelima aspek tersebut, yaitu: pakan, penyakit hewan, ekonomi, produksi, dan ketersediaan air dan lahan. Ada tiga opsi respon adaptasi yang bisadikelompokkan dan telah ditawarkan oleh para peneliti, yakni opsi inkremental, sistemik dan transformasional
ACCEPTED FROM OPEN CALL

well as lateral links can provide content access to its local users. A set of ferrying UAVs with only lateral links, but with wider mobility, can provision content while visiting different communities of stranded users. The objective is to design a content dissemination system that learns content caching policies on-the-fly in order to maximize content availability to the users. This article proposes a distributed Federated Multi-Armed Bandit Learning model for UAV-caching decision-making that takes geo-temporal differences in content popularity and heterogeneity in content demands into consideration. The proposed paradigm combines the expected reward maximization attribute of Multi-Armed Bandit, and the distributed intelligence sharing of Federated Learning for caching decision at the UAVs. It is demonstrated that Federated aggregation of individual models improve system performance while making the learning fast and adaptive via sharing models learnt by individual UAVs. The article does functional verification and performance evaluation of proposed caching framework for heterogeneous popularity distributions, and different inter-community geographical characteristics.
A Novel Butler-Enhanced 2 Beam by 4 Element Analog Beamforming Network

A generic agile and theoretically lossless Butler-like multiple beamforming concept and architecture are proposed. Tunable 4-port combining modules are used to focus incoming power from moving directions into beam ports, with optimum gain, while limiting co-channel interference. The resulting beam weights remain close to uniform, for best efficiency in transmit. For demonstration purpose, a simplified 2 beam by 4 element beamformer is modeled and analyzed, demonstrating the high gain and interference limitation capability of this solution. The proposed concept is potentially applicable to hybrid beamforming with multiport sub-arrays for 5G mobile phones and base stations, and for satellite user terminals, with sufficient angular separations of co-channel transmit-receive directions.
Late-Holocene fire history as revealed by size, age and composition of the soil charcoal pool in neighbouring beech and spruce forest landscapes in SE Norway

European beech and Norway spruce are late successional tree species that have become rapidly dominant in northern Europe in late-Holocene. The northern distribution limit for natural beech forests is in SE Norway, where beech forests and boreal spruce forests meet. Here we have estimated the size, composition and age of the macroscopic charcoal pool to infer past fire history and the establishment of neighbouring Norwegian beech- and spruce forests. To encompass landscape level scales of variations in the charcoal pool, we have analysed the charcoal record in 100 soil cores that were collected using a restricted random procedure. The sizes of the soil charcoal pools ranged from 2 to 1214 g m−2, and they were significantly more spatially variable in the beech forest landscape than in the spruce forest landscape. We show that today’s beech forests took over the dominance from Norway spruce in the landscape about 300 years ago, and that fire disturbances on the landscape level preceded the establishment of beech in the former spruce forest landscape. Interestingly, large-scale fire disturbances have not occurred ever since beech gained dominance. Conversely, we show that today’s spruce forests took over the dominance from Scots pine in the landscape, and that also the establishment of spruce was preceded by fire disturbances on the landscape level.
Deep Convection as the Key to the Transition From Eocene to Modern Antarctic Circumpolar Current

From the Eocene (∼50 million years ago) to today, Southern Ocean circulation has evolved from the existence of two ocean gyres to the dominance of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). It has generally been thought that the opening of Southern Ocean gateways in the late Eocene, in addition to the alignment of westerly winds with these gateways or the presence of the Antarctic ice sheet, was a sufficient requirement for the transition to an ACC of similar strength to its modern equivalent. Nevertheless, models representing these changes produce a much weaker ACC. Here we show, using an eddying ocean model, that the missing ingredient in the transition to a modern ACC is deep convection around the Antarctic continent. This deep convection is caused by cold temperatures and high salinities due to sea‐ice production around the Antarctic continent, leading to both the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water and a modern‐strength ACC.
Methods for REM Sleep Density Analysis: A Scoping Review

Rapid eye movements (REM) sleep density is the parameter proposed to explain the variability in the amount of eye movements during REM sleep. Alterations in REM sleep density have been proposed as a screening criterion for individuals with depression and other mental health conditions, but its accuracy has not been properly evaluated. The lack of consensus and the variability of the methods used to score it reduces the external validity of the results, hindering an adequate analysis of its diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability. This scoping review aimed to identify and quantify the methods used to score REM sleep density, describing their main characteristics. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. Only studies with objective measures for REM sleep density analysis in individuals with depression were considered eligible. The final sample comprised 57 articles, covering 64 analyses of REM sleep density. The relative frequency methods were the predominant measurement parameter for analyzing REM sleep density across studies. The most frequently adopted REM estimation unit was the number of REM events followed by mini-epochs containing REM. The most common unit of measurement were frequency/time measures. The results demonstrate that there is no consistency in the methods used to calculate REM sleep density in the literature, and a high percentage of studies do not describe their methods in sufficient detail. The most used method was the number of REM episodes per minute of REM sleep, but its use is neither unanimous nor consensual. The methodological inconsistencies and omissions among studies limit the replicability, comparability, and clinical applicability of REM sleep density. Future guidelines should discuss and include a specific methodology for the scoring of REM sleep density, so it can be consensually implemented in clinical services and research.
VidyaMedic: Smart Alert System For Continous Vital Sign Monitoring

The proposed smart system namely VidyaMedic utilizes continuous heart rate monitoring through sensors, with data transmission to the cloud via an IoT platform. Testing was conducted on a 40-year-old male participant who wore the Polar H10 heart rate monitor for 24 days. The heart rate profile captures the circadian rhythm, the natural internal biological clock governing cardiovascular and behavioral processes over a 24-hour cycle, influencing morning, daytime, and nighttime activities. Health conditions can be assessed using an algorithm which calculates the running sum of standard deviation for heart rate data over this period. Initially, standard deviation is computed for each data point, quantifying data dispersion from the mean. Subsequently, the running sum of standard deviation enables the detection of significant changes over time, abrupt fluctuations indicate outliers or extreme values, potentially impacting overall standard deviation and signaling significant data changes. Deviations from the expected or previous standard deviation values, marked by a regression coefficient less than or greater than 1, may suggest cardiac abnormalities or heart rhythm disturbances.
Multiagent Monte Carlo Tree Search with Difference Evaluations and Evolved Rollout Policy

by Nicholas Zerbel Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a best-first search algorithm that has produced many breakthroughs in AI research. MCTS has been applied to a wide variety of domains including turn-based board games, real-time strategy games, multiagent systems, and optimization problems. In addition to its ability to function in a wide variety of domains, MCTS is also a suitable candidate for performance improving modifications such as the improvement of its default rollout policy. In this work, we propose an enhancement to MCTS called Multiagent Monte Carlo Tree Search (MAMCTS) which incorporates multiagent credit evaluations in the form of Difference Evaluations. We show that MAMCTS can be successfully applied to a cooperative system called Multiagent Gridworld. We then show that the use of Difference Evaluations in MAMCTS offers superior control over agent decision making compared with other forms of multiagent credit evaluations, namely Global Evaluations. Furthermore, we show that the default rollout policy can be improved using a Genetic Algorithm, with (μ + λ) selection, resulting in a 37.6% increase in overall system performance within the training domain. Finally, we show that the trained rollout policy can be transferred to more complex multiagent systems resulting in as high as a 14.6% increase in system performance compared to the default rollout policy.
Compassion focused therapy for women in the perinatal period: a summary of the current literature

Introduction Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is emerging as an effective psychological intervention to treat those experiencing mental health difficulties. CFT was adapted for women who are mothers during the perinatal period (from conception to 2 year postpartum). Although CFT is being delivered in NHS perinatal mental health services in the United Kingdom (UK), its current evidence-base for the treatment of women’s mental health problems is unclear. As part of this Mini Review, we aimed to identify the current findings relating to CFT for women in the perinatal period (with or without a mental health condition) in order to identify any associated future research and clinical implications. Method A systematic search of two databases was undertaken. Included studies were required to meet the following criteria: (1) offered an intervention using CFT or perinatal CFT (P-CFT), (2) participants were women in the perinatal period, and (3) studies used a pre- and post-intervention study design. No language restrictions were used. A narrative synthesis was then conducted. Results Five studies, dating from 2018 to 2023, met the inclusion criteria. A total of 1,258 participants were included across those studies. Significant improvements in compassion-based outcomes (i.e., self-compassion, self-criticism/self-reassurance) were observed. However, these findings were primarily derived from non-clinical samples (n = 4) and could only be seen as preliminary. Conclusion Although these results are encouraging for mothers presenting with sub-clinical mental health symptoms, further research is clearly warranted to determine whether CFT/P-CFT may benefit mothers, including those presenting with more significant perinatal mental health difficulties.
High Performance Design of Single Edge Triggered Johnson Counter

This article presents a comprehensive exploration of the high-performance design of a 4-bit Single Edge-Triggered Johnson Counter implemented using both CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) and CNTFET (Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor) devices. Through extensive simulations, key performance parameters, including average power consumption, propagation delay, and Power-Delay Product (PDP), under varying voltage and temperature conditions were tested. Results indicated that varying voltage and temperature had a significant impact on the performance of both CMOS and CNTFET-based Johnson Counters. CNTFETs had lower propagation delay but consumed more power than CMOS in general. Significantly, CNTFETs demonstrated superior Power-Delay Product, making them promising for high-speed applications.
Predicting outcomes of Lung Cancer using the modified glasgow prognostic score: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background & Objective: Previous studies have suggested that the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) could be a potential biomarker for lung cancer (LC). However, the association between mGPS and overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in lung cancer patients remains unclear. The purpose of our study was to investigate possible correlation between mGPS and OS or PFS in LC patients. Methods: An extensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Trip Database, Worldwide Science, and Google Scholar databases was done for relevant articles, published prior to May 30, 2021, that report correlation between mGPS and OS or PFS in LC patients. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the main parameters for evaluation. Results: A total of 28 studies involving 9,748 lung cancer patients were analysed. The pooled analysis revealed that elevated mGPS (≥ 0) was associated with poor OS (HR=1.54; 95% CI, 1.32-1.77) and PFS (HR=1.49; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82). Furthermore, a significant correlation between mGPS (1 or 2) and OS was observed. However, no significant correlation was found between mGPS (1 or 2) and PFS. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity demonstrated that mGPS ≥ 0 was associated with worse OS compared to mGPS=0 in both Asian (HR=1.46; 95% CI, 1.04-1.89; p<0.05) and Caucasian (HR=1.64; 95% CI, 1.35-1.94; p<0.05) cohorts of LC patients. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that positive mGPS is associated with poor survival results. Therefore, mGPS may be used as a biomarker for predicting prognosis in LC patients.
Categories of Wrong Beliefs—A Preliminary Proposal

Wrong beliefs, known by some as ‘alternative facts’, have proliferated lately in important areas of human life, including social, political, and public health domains. This can be and has been damaging. This brief article proposes an epistemological category classification of these wrong beliefs, with the following mappings: a) ‘No-Information’ marked by willful blindness produces ‘Empty Beliefs’; b) ‘Mis-Information’ yields ‘Mis(taken) Beliefs’; and c) ‘Dis-Information’ predicated on blatant distortions produces ‘Dis(torted) Beliefs’. This simple classification system, is perhaps epistemologically satisfying, and moreover could have positive policy implications.
IDEA at the NTCIR-17 FinArg-1 Task: Argument-based Sentiment Analysis

Although argument mining has been discussed for several years, financial argument mining is still in the early stage. The IDEA team participates in Argument Unit Identification (for Earnings Conference Call) and Argument Relation Identification (for Earnings Conference Call) subtasks of the NTCIR-17 FinArg-1 Task. This paper presents our work on the two subtasks. For Argument Unit Identification subtask, we successively construct the models based on BERT and Roberta to classify a given argumentative sentence. To better extract the semantic features, we combine the pre-trained model with CNN. Micro-F1 and Macro-F1 achieve 76.47% and 76.46% in official evaluation results of the first run (i.e., IDEA-1) , respectively, outperforming most approaches of other teams. For Argument Relation Identification subtask, we classify sentence pairs based on the pre-trained model and Prompt-Tuning. And Micro-F1 and Macro-F1 achieve 81.74% and 51.85% in official evaluation results of the third run (i.e., IDEA-3), respectively.