Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
a cause for poor medication adherence

Objective: To explore the medication adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Majmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to find possible role of socio-demographic factors in determining adherence to medication among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: The data was collected from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in public places such as shopping areas and restaurants in Majmaah, from Feb 2018 to May 2018. Methodology: A total of 137 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Adherence to medication was assessed by using the four item Modified Morisky mediction adherence scale (MMAS). Results: The frequency of high adherence was only 10 (7.3%). Moderate adherence was 62 (45.3%), and low adherence was 65 (47.4%). There was no statically significant correlation between patients’ age, gender, educational level, the employment status, duration of disease since diagnosis and adherence rate. Majority of the patients 40 (60.6%) responded that complexity of treatment and forget fullness 54 (56.8.3%) are the main factors contributing to low adherence. Fewer visits to the clinic is also a reason for low adherence to treatment either patients foget to take an appointment, or they intentionally miss due to the long clinic waiting time 50 (58.1%) and 51 (60.7%) respectively. Conclusion: Adherence to diabetes medication was found to be low. No statically significant association with scodemographic factors and level of adherence were noted. The factors contributing to low adherence were complexity of treatment, forgetfulness and failure to keeping the appointment due to long clinic waiting time.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of OXA-45, an Extended-Spectrum Class 2d (cid:2) (cid:3) -Lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

As part of the CANCER Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America, a clinical strain of Pseudo- monas aeruginosa , strain 07-406, isolated in Texas was found to be resistant to all antimicrobials except polymyxin B. Genetic analysis of this isolate identiﬁed two unique extended-spectrum (cid:1) -lactamase genes. One, bla VIM-7 , encoded a metallo- (cid:1) -lactamase (unpublished data), and the other, bla OXA-45 , described here, encoded a class D extended-spectrum (cid:1) -lactamase. bla OXA-45 was isolated on a Sau 3A1 genomic fragment of 1.8 kb and encodes a protein of 264 amino acids with the highest identities to OXA-18 (65.9%), OXA-9 (42.8%), OXA-22 (40.2%), OXA-12 (38.6%), and OXA-29 (35.2%) but weak identities with other class D (cid:1) -lactamases. bla OXA-45 was found to be harbored on a 24-kb plasmid in a region that displays high identities with a section of the 43-kb genomic island of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Biochemically OXA-45 is most similar to OXA-18 in its substrate proﬁle and inhibition by clavulanic acid and is a member of the 2d (cid:1) class of (cid:1) -lactamases.
ANTIGLYCATION AND ALDOSE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI LEAF EXTRACT

Aldose reductase is a prime target enzyme for the control of retinopathic complications along with controlling glycation of proteins in diabetic subjects. Swietenia mahagoni is a traditional medicinal plants used by folklore to treat various disorders such as hypertension and diabetes. Swietenia mahagoni leaf methanol extract was assayed for in-vitro aldose reductase inhibition and antiglycation properties. The extract showed 30% inhibition inhibition on aldose reductase activity and 53.65±2.5% inhibition on glycation and the antiglycation property increased with increase in glucose concentration. The anti-glycation potential was more than amino guanidine a standard used in antiglycation agent.
Edge Detour Graphs with Edge Detour Number 2

: For two vertices u and v in a graph G = ( V, E ), the detour distance D ( u, v ) is the length of a longest u – v path in G . A u – v path of length D ( u, v ) is called a u – v detour . For any integer k ≥ 1, a set S ⊆ V is called a Smarandache k-edge detour set if every edge in G lies on at least k detours joining some pairs of vertices of S . The Smarandache k-edge detour number dn k ( G ) of G is the minimum order of its Smarandache k -edge detour sets and any Smarandache k -edge detour set of order dn k ( G ) is a Smarandache k-edge detour basis of G . A connected graph G is called a Smarandache k-edge detour graph if it has a Smarandache k -edge detour set for an integer k . Smarandache 1-edge detour graphs are refered to as edge detour graphs and in this paper, such graphs G with detour diameter D ≤ 4 and dn 1 ( G ) = 2 are characterized.
Monetary policy and the real interest rate

The paper pursues three tasks. The first is to derive a relationship between the real interest rate and its determinants, including possible influences from the country’s central bank. We obtain it by embedding monetary policy in a long-forgotten general equilibrium growth model of heterogeneous capital. The second task is to estimate this relationship using time series data for United States; and the third task is to employ the estimated relationship to highlight the short- and the long-term dynamics of the real interest rate, given arbitrary shocks, related and unrelated to monetary policy. From the theoretical analysis and the experiments performed with the estimated model, we find that by injecting (withdrawing) “artificial savings”, the central bank influences the real interest rate negatively (positively) through direct and indirect channels; one direct being, for example, the quantity of money, whereas another indirect being the velocity of circulation. Moreover, by having integrated monetary policy in the above mentioned framework of economic growth, the estimated relationship enables us to shed some light on the stability of the economy when the real interest rate is driven to the zero bound and beyond in the negative territory, as it transpired in recent years.
On Breathing Pattern Information in Synthetic Speech

The respiratory system is an integral part of human speech production. As a consequence, there is a close relation between respiration and speech signal, and the produced speech signal carries breathing pattern related information. Speech can also be generated using speech synthesis systems. In this paper, we investigate whether synthetic speech carries breathing pattern related information in the same way as natural human speech. We address this research question in the framework of logical-access presentation attack detection using embeddings extracted from neural networks pre-trained for speech breathing pattern estimation. Our studies on ASVSpoof 2019 challenge data show that there is a clear distinction between the extracted breathing pattern embedding of natural human speech and syn-thesized speech, indicating that speech synthesis systems tend to not carry breathing pattern related information in the same way as human speech. Whilst, this is not the case with voice conversion of natural human speech.
Speech Recognition: Transcription and transformation of human speech

The specified subfield of computational linguistics and computer science can said to be linked with speech recognition. Speech recognition can develop new variation technologies as well as methodologies generated as interdisciplinary concept. It can be considered to translate and recognize and satisfy the capability towards understanding and translating the words that are already spoken. It is more preciously said that in the most recent times this field has secured positive feedback by intense learning of voice recognition. Such evidences shows the proof that it has more market demand for implementing the application of specific data as voice recognition. Deployment of speech recognition systems can be utilized as the evidence shown to its analyzing methods that is helpful for designing each and every individual’s future. It is said that the computer plays an important role for this process as by this all the translated words can be acknowledged by the texts also.
AVOID TECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN LV NETWORKS : FROM DATA-DRIVEN MONITORING TO PREDICTIVE CONTROL

In order to avoid voltage problems induced by the connection of large amounts of renewable-based energy generation to distribution networks, new advanced tools that are able to exploit the benefits of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) need to be developed. This paper describes the approach taken in InteGrid project to perform the active management of Low Voltage (LV) Networks, with low levels of observability, exploiting the flexibility provided by Distribution System Operator’s (DSO) resources, and private consumers through their Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS). The proposed approach defends preventive management of the LV network, resorting to forecasts of microgeneration and load to estimate the network’s state for future instants.
Survey on Software Test Design Metrics

— Measurement has always been an integral part of software engineering. Software projects can be assessed and risks reduced by using software metrics. In this paper we discuss software test metrics and their impact on software testing. This paper focuses on software test design metrics its key role in software testing process along with classification and analysis of various test metrics.
Role of Lon, an ATP-Dependent Protease Homolog, in Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Ciproﬂoxacin (cid:1)

With few novel antimicrobials in the pharmaceutical pipeline, resistance to the current selection of antibi- otics represents a signiﬁcant therapeutic challenge. Microbial persistence in subinhibitory antibiotic environments has been proposed to contribute to the development of resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures pretreated with subinhibitory concentrations of ciproﬂoxacin were found to exhibit an adaptive resistance phenotype when cultures were subsequently exposed to suprainhibitory ciproﬂoxacin concentrations. Microarray experiments revealed candidate genes involved in such adaptive resistance. Screening of 10,000 Tn 5 - luxCDABE mutants identiﬁed several mutants with increased or decreased ciproﬂoxacin susceptibilities, including mutants in PA1803, a close homolog of the ATP-dependent lon protease, which were found to exhibit > 4-fold-increased susceptibilities to ciproﬂoxacin and other ﬂuoroquinolones, but not to gentamicin or imipenem, as well as a characteristic elongated morphology. Complementation of the lon mutant restored wild-type antibiotic susceptibility and cell morphology. Expression of the lon mutant, as monitored through a luciferase reporter fusion, was found to increase over time in the presence of subinhibitory ciproﬂoxacin concentrations.
A REVIEW ON JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS

: This paper sought to review key literature on juvenile delinquency and academic performance of students with respect to the historical development of the concept of academic performance, the concept of juvenile delinquency, causes of juvenile delinquency among the students, personal factors due to maladjustment outside the home, effects of juvenile delinquency on the academic performance of students in the school, relationship between juvenile delinquency and academic performance, measures to minimize the problem of juvenile delinquency in the school, and contributing factors. According to the study's results, children become delinquent due to a variety of reasons, including financial hardship, negative influences in their lives, and low academic achievement. Accordingly, discipline, guidance, and counselling are some of the effective ways to deal with child delinquency. Parents should also keep an eye on their children and report any mis-behaviour to their instructors. Parents should also monitor their children's movements and be aware of the kind of individuals they relate with. Additionally, it is suggested that students should not be given long free periods and that classes be kept at a manageable capacity. Another key outcome from the review is that there is a commensurate relationship between juvenile delinquency and students' academic performance. Some of the important variables that have been recognized as contributing to juvenile delinquency include insufficient teaching skills, inadequate teaching aids and irregular school attendance. Students' frequent attendance at school is influenced by the content of the school's curriculum. The ability to motivate normal pupils has some effect on the success of efforts to eradicate juvenile criminality in schools. In conclusion, variables affecting students' frequent attendance include their own personal traits, their social environment, and their physical surroundings, to name a few.
EFFECT OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE, FOUNDRY SAND AND FIBERS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIED OF FIBRE REINFORCED SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE

: Previous studies have proven that self compacting concrete and fibre reinforced concretes are more suitable and efficient in concrete technology. Hence, the current study is aimed at investigating the effects of hooked end and crimped steel fibres on the performance of fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete with RCA and foundry sand (RCA-FR-SCC). In the present study tests for rheological properties were performed. Totally 20 mixes with RCA of 0, 25, 50, 75 percentage of Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA), and three different combinations of reinforcing hooked end and crimped steel fibers and 15% of optimum replacement of foundry sand. The results of the study have proven that the addition of fibres with both RCA and foundry sand in optimum percentage, can significantly improve rheological properties of RCA-FR-SCC.
Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of Castrated West African Dwarf buck Fed Varying Levels of Local Brewers’ Dried Grain With Ber ( Ziziphus jujube ) Leaves Basal Diets

This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding West African Dwarf goats varying levels of Brewers’ dried grain and Ber leaves (Ziziphus jujube ) as basal diet on Haematology and serum biochemistry. The experimental diets were ber leaves ( Ziziphus jujube ) as basal diet, supplemented with local brewers’ dried grain at (0, 50, 100 and 150 g) designated as treatments T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 respectively. These diets were fed to the experimental animals for a period of 63 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from the animals through the jugular veins for determination of haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in a Randomized Complete Block Design using SAS (2001) package and significant differences separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results showed that PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, MCHC, MCH and MCV ranged from 34.00 –44.50%, 8.00 – 11.17 g/dl, 12.00 – 14.00, 8.40-9.60 x10 3 /mm 3 , 2.14 – 2.58 x10 6 /mm 3 , 3.57- 6.74 fL. Blood serum protein ranges were (6.00 -7.10), Albumin (4.10 – 5.20), Globulin (4.70 – 5.30), Glucose (62.00 – 56.50) and Blood urea of 7.60 – 8.70 respectively. The values for serum enzymes were (7.50 -8.80), (7.10 – 8.30) (8.67 – 10.40) in that order. Other blood indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC), were within the normal ranges indicating that the goats were not anaemic. It was therefore concluded that Ber leaves ( Ziziphus jujube ) could be used safely to fatten goats as basal diet supplemented with brewers’ dried grain during the critical dry period of the year.
Authors response on Referee Comment tc-2021-63-RC1

1. It is stated that a threshold is used to regularise the maximum deviation of the parameters and allow to keep those parameters in a physically feasible range. It is however unclear what this range is and how it was defined. From Figure 5 it seems that the threshold is exceeded for the basal melt rate for flowlines A and B at EastGRIP. However, the values presented here are lower than the maximum values for basal melt that have been recently presented at this location. It feels that for this parameter the threshold might need to be increased to allow the basal melt rate to increase. In any case, more information should be given on how those threshold and the ”physically feasible range” have been selected. On the same figure 5 we can also see a very large standard deviation on the kink height at EastGRIP, together with a large spread of the mean value across the different flowlines. It would be nice to get more insight into the effect of this variation and the possible implication of this large spread if ever a parameter far from the actual value should be used.
Image Caption Generator using deep learning with Flickr Dataset

: The Image Caption Generator is a process of identifying the context of an image and annotating it with appropriate captions using deep learning and the computer. To create an image caption generator that could load a random image and output a few captions that described it. Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) will be used for Natural Language Processing and picture feature extraction, respectively (NLP).
Bioavailability of Nutrients and Other Bioactive Components from Dietary Supplements Using the National Nutrition Monitoring System to Proﬁle Dietary Supplement Use 1

The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Program (NNMRRP) was deﬁned by Con-gress in 1990 as “the set of activities necessary to provide timely information about the role and status of factors that bear on the contribution that nutrition makes to the health of the people of the United States” (7 U.S.C. §5302). The NNMRRP includes nearly 100 components at both the national and state level; the keystone components are the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics) and the Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals (conducted by the Agricultural Research Service). These surveys were designed to measure individuals’ consumption of foods and beverages and the nutrient intakes resulting from this consumption; expansion of these surveys to include dietary supplements and their nutrient contributions has been and continues to be a signiﬁcant challenge. This article identiﬁes the data needs regarding consumer use of dietary supplements in terms of the analytical demands to address the contribution dietary supplements make to “the health of the people of the United States. ” Important gaps in the data currently available are discussed. Current efforts to address dietary supplements are described along with recommendations regarding efﬁcient use of the keystone surveys as well as other components of the NNMRRP. J. Nutr. 131: 1335S–1338S, 2001.
Exploring clusters of rare events using unsupervised random forests

Given highly imbalanced data, most learning algorithms face the challenge of accurately predicting rare events, while such cases are the ones that carry importance and useful knowledge. In a binary class label dataset, the rare events are the ones in the minority class. This study used a stroke dataset with a binary class label and the class imbalance ratio was 54:1. In addition to that, the dataset contained missing values and mixed data types. To identify the intrinsic structures in the minority class (the stroke group), Random Forest Clustering was used to produce the proximity matrix and fed to Partition around Medoid (PAM) clustering method to identify the optimal number of clusters. The proximity plot seems to show there could be cluster tendency as Hopkins’s statistics test value was H = 0.8735 and k=2 was identified to be the optimal number of clusters. Based on the internal cluster validation, however, the silhouette coefficient width was small (0.1), indicating that many of the data objects were within the other boundary of the other class. We have suggested a further investigation plan in this paper for the next action.
Nonlinear Color–Metallicity Relations of Globular Clusters. XI. Nonlinearity Effect Revealed by NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) and NGC 4594 (Sombrero) Galaxies

Metallicity distributions (MDs) of globular clusters (GCs) provide crucial clues for the assembly and star formation history of their host galaxies. GC colors, when GCs are old, have been used as a proxy of GC metallicities. Bimodal GC color distributions (CDs) observed in most early-type galaxies have been interpreted as bimodal MDs for decades, suggesting the presence of merely two GC subpopulations within single galaxies. However, the conventional view has been challenged by a new theory that nonlinear metallicity-to-color conversion can cause bimodal CDs from unimodal MDs. The unimodal MDs seem natural given that MDs involved many thousand protogalaxies. The new theory has been tested and corroborated by various observational and theoretical studies. Here we examine the nonlinear nature of GC color−metallicity relations (CMRs) using photometric and spectroscopic GC data of NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) and NGC 4594 (Sombrero), in comparison with stellar population simulations. We find that, with a slight offset in color, the overall shapes of observed and modeled CMRs agree well for all available colors. Diverse color-depending morphologies of GC CDs of the two galaxies are well reproduced based on their observed spectroscopic MDs via our CMR models. The results corroborate the nonlinear CMR interpretation of the GC color bimodality, shedding further light on theories of galaxy formation.
Modelling the associations between fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate and energy intake in the context of total energy balance

Background: The relationship between body composition, energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake has rarely been examined under conditions that allow any interplay between 4 these variables to be disclosed. Objective: The present study examined the relationships between body composition, energy expenditure and energy intake under controlled laboratory conditions in which the energy density and macronutrient content of the diet varied freely as a function of food choice. Methods: Fifty nine (30 men: mean body mass 26.7 4.0 kg/m 2 ; 29 mean body mass 25.4 3.5 kg/m ) a 14 in a residential feeding behaviour suite. During days 1 and 2, subjects consumed a fixed diet designed to maintain energy balance. On days 3-14, food intake was covertly measured in subjects who had ad libitum access to a wide variety of foods typical of their normal diets. Resting metabolic rate (respiratory exchange), total daily energy expenditure (doubly labelled water) and body composition (total body water estimated from deuterium dilution) were measured on days 3-14. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that after controlling for age and sex, both 17 fat-free mass (p < 0.001) and resting metabolic rate (p < 0.001) predicted daily energy intake. However, a mediation model using path analysis indicated that the effect of fat-free mass (and fat mass) on energy intake was fully mediated by resting metabolic rate (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These data indicate that resting metabolic rate is a strong determinant of energy intake under controlled laboratory conditions where food choice is allowed to freely vary and subjects are close to energy balance. Therefore, the conventional adipocentric model of appetite control should be revised to reflect the influence of resting metabolic rate.
Sequential choice and self-reinforcing rankings

People’s behavior is informed and inﬂuenced by other people’s choices. In many online technologies, for instance, aggregate information about the choices of other individuals is encoded in the form of rankings. Such rankings, in turn, have a direct impact on people’s future choices. What are the long-term dynamics of these rankings