Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topology in two dimensions. I. The Lick Galaxy Catalogue.

We apply a quantitative topology-measuring algorithm to investigate the pattern of galaxy clustering revealed by the Shane-Wirtanen galaxy counts. We examine the Euler-Poincare characteristic of high- and low-density regions and compare the results with those expected for a two-dimensional Gaussian random field. The large data set allows us to demonstrate clear departures from Gaussian topology when we look at the data at high resolution (i.e. when smoothed on a small angular scale), but the behaviour rapidly approaches that of the Gaussian as we lower the resolution (i.e. smooth on a larger angular scale).
Association of a low vitamin D status with risk of post-stroke depression: A meta-analysis and systematic review

Background Although post-stroke depression (PSD) affects one-third of patients following an acute stroke, pooled evidence addressing the correlation between a low vitamin D status and the risk of PSD remains inconclusive. Methods Comprehensive database search of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar was performed from inception to December 2022. The primary outcome was the association of PSD risk with a low vitamin D status, while the secondary outcomes included the relationship between PSD and other risk factors. Results Analysis of seven observational studies published between 2014 and 2022 with 1,580 patients showed pooled incidences of vitamin D deficiency (defined as 25[OH] D levels < 50 nmol/L) and PSD of 60.1 and 26.1%, respectively. Patients with PSD had a lower circulating vitamin D concentration compared to those without [mean difference (MD) =−13.94 nmol/L, 95% CI: −21.83 to −6.05, p = 0.0005, I2 = 91%, six studies, 1,414 patients]. Meta-analysis also demonstrated a correlation between a low vitamin D level and an increased PSD risk [odd ratio (OR) = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.57–6.69, p = 0.001, I2 = 78.7%, 1,108 patients], the heterogeneity of which was found to be associated with the incidence of vitamin D deficiency but not female proportion on meta-regression. Besides, female gender (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.3–2.44, p = 0.003, I2 = 31%, five studies, 1,220 patients), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.01–2.36, p = 0.04, I2 = 0%, four studies, 976 patients), and high National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores (MD = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.58–2.32, p = 0.001, I2 = 82%, five studies, 1,220 patients) were potential risk factors for PSD. For the primary outcome, the certainty of evidence was very low. Regarding secondary outcomes, the certainty of evidence was low for BMI, female gender, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke history, and very low for age, level of education, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and NIHSS scores. Conclusion The results suggested an association of a low circulating vitamin D level with an increased risk of PSD. Besides, female gender, hyperlipidemia, high NIHSS score were related to an increased risk or occurrence of PSD. The current study may imply the necessity of routine circulating vitamin D screening in this population. Systematic review registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022381580.
Genomic Analysis of the Xanthoria elegans and Polyketide Synthase Gene Mining Based on the Whole Genome

Abstract Xanthoria elegans is a lichen symbiosis, that inhabits extreme environments and can absorb UV-B. We reported the de novo sequencing and assembly of X. elegans genome. The whole genome was approximately 44.63 Mb, with a GC content of 40.69%. Genome assembly generated 207 scaffolds with an N50 length of 563,100 bp, N90 length of 122,672 bp. The genome comprised 9,581 genes, some encoded enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism such as terpene, polyketides. To further understand the UV-B absorbing and adaptability to extreme environments mechanisms of X. elegans, we searched the secondary metabolites genes and gene-cluster from the genome using genome-mining and bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that 7 NR-PKSs, 12 HR-PKSs and 2 hybrid PKS-PKSs from X. elegans were isolated, they belong to Type I PKS (T1PKS) according to the domain architecture; phylogenetic analysis and BGCs comparison linked the putative products to two NR-PKSs and three HR-PKSs, the putative products of two NR-PKSs were emodin xanthrone (most likely parietin) and mycophelonic acid, the putative products of three HR-PKSs were soppilines, (+)-asperlin and macrolactone brefeldin A, respectively. 5 PKSs from X. elegans build a correlation between the SMs carbon skeleton and PKS genes based on the domain architecture, phylogenetic and BGC comparison. Although the function of 16 PKSs remains unclear, the findings emphasize that the genes from X. elegans represent an unexploited source of novel polyketide and utilization of lichen gene resources.
Evaluation of environmental factors and microbial community structure in an important drinking-water reservoir across seasons

The composition of microbial communities varies in water and sediments, and changes in environmental factors have major effects on microbiomes. Here, we characterized variations in microbial communities and physicochemical factors at two sites in a large subtropical drinking water reservoir in southern China. The microbiomes of all sites, including the diversity and abundance of microbial species, were determined via metagenomics, and the relationships between microbiomes and physicochemical factors were determined via redundancy analysis. The dominant species in sediment and water samples differed; Dinobryon sp. LO226KS and Dinobryon divergens were dominant in sediment samples, whereas Candidatus Fonsibacter ubiquis and Microcystis elabens were dominant in water. The diversity was also significantly different in microbial alpha diversity between water and sediment habitats (p < 0.01). The trophic level index (TLI) was the major factor affecting the microbial community in water samples; Mycolicibacterium litorale and Mycolicibacterium phlei were significantly positively related to TLI. Furthermore, we also studied the distribution of algal toxin-encoding genes and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in the reservoir. It found that water samples contained more phycotoxin genes, with the cylindrospermopsin gene cluster most abundant. We found three genera highly related to cylindrospermopsin and explored a new cyanobacteria Aphanocapsa montana that may produce cylindrospermopsin based on the correlation through network analysis. The multidrug resistance gene was the most abundant ARG, while the relationship between ARGs and bacteria in sediment samples was more complicated than in water. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the effects of environmental factors on microbiomes. In conclusion, research on the properties, including profiles of algal toxin-encoding genes and ARGs, and microbial communities can aid water quality monitoring and conservation.
A group-theoretic approach to information inequalities

The one-to-one correspondence between group-theoretic inequalities and information-theoretic inequalities are established. The consequence is that we can prove an information-theoretic inequality by proving its corresponding group-theoretic inequality and vice verse. Finally, a new non-trivial group-theoretic inequality is found using this approach. The meaning of this inequality is yet to be understood.
Optically pumped submillimeter wave semiconductor lasers

An optically pumped multiple quantum well (MQW) submillimeter wave (SMMW) laser is proposed and designed. The laser can potentially generate significant power in the far-infrared regime. It is based on pumping of a series of InGaAs-GaAs quantum wells with a CO/sub 2/ laser. The excited electrons created by the pumping process tunnel into the upper of two subband states in an AlGaAs-GaAs quantum well grown in series with the absorption wells, and thereby give rise to a population inversion between these two states which are tuned to the SMMW frequency desired. The authors present the key concepts of the new device and some designed device structures. >
Thermal effect limits in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording

In current longitudinal magnetic recording media, high areal density and low noise are achieved by statistical averaging over several hundred weakly coupled ferromagnetic grains per bit cell. Continued scaling to smaller bit and grain sizes, however, may prompt spontaneous magnetization reversal processes when the stored energy per particle starts competing with thermal energy, thereby limiting the achievable areal density. Charap et al. have predicted this to occur at about 40 Gbits/in/sup 2/. This paper discusses thermal effects in the framework of basic Arrhenius-Neel statistical switching models. It is emphasized that magnetization decay is intimately related to high-speed-switching phenomena. Thickness-, temperature- and bit-density dependent recording experiments reveal the onset of thermal decay at "stability ratios" (K/sub u/V/K/sub B/T)/sub 0//spl sime/35 /spl plusmn/ 2. The stability requirement is grain size dispersion dependent and shifts to about 60 for projected 40 Gbits/in/sup 2/ conditions and ten-year storage times. Higher anisotropy and coercivity media with reduced grain sizes are logical extensions of the current technology until write field limitations are reached. Future advancements will rely on deviations from traditional scaling. Squarer bits may reduce destabilizing stray fields inside the bit transitions. Perpendicular recording may shift the onset of thermal effects to higher bit densities. Enhanced signal processing may allow signal retrieval with fewer grains per bit. Finally, single grain per bit recording may be envisioned in patterned media, with lithographically defined bits.
Distinct differences in immunological properties of equine orthobiologics revealed by functional and transcriptomic analysis using an activated macrophage readout system

Introduction Multiple biological therapies for orthopedic injuries are marketed to veterinarians, despite a lack of rigorous comparative biological activity data to guide informed decisions in selecting a most effective compound. Therefore, the goal of this study was to use relevant bioassay systems to directly compare the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of three commonly used orthobiological therapies (OTs): mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), autologous conditioned serum (ACS), and platelet rich plasma (PRP). Methods Equine monocyte-derived macrophages were used as the readout system to compare therapies, including cytokine production and transcriptomic responses. Macrophages were stimulated with IL-1ß and treated 24 h with OTs, washed and cultured an additional 24 h to generate supernatants. Secreted cytokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay and ELISA. To assess global transcriptomic responses to treatments, RNA was extracted from macrophages and subjected to full RNA sequencing, using an Illumina-based platform. Data analysis included comparison of differentially expressed genes and pathway analysis in treated vs. untreated macrophages. Results All treatments reduced production of IL-1ß by macrophages. Secretion of IL-10 was highest in MSC-CM treated macrophages, while PRP lysate and ACS resulted in greater downregulation of IL-6 and IP-10. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ACS triggered multiple inflammatory response pathways in macrophages based on GSEA, while MSC generated significant downregulation of inflammatory pathways, and PRP lysate induced a mixed immune response profile. Key downregulated genes in MSC-treated cultures included type 1 and type 2 interferon response, TNF-α and IL-6. PRP lysate cultures demonstrated downregulation of inflammation-related genes IL-1RA, SLAMF9, ENSECAG00000022247 but concurrent upregulation of TNF-α, IL-2 signaling, and Myc targets. ACS induced upregulation of inflammatory IL-2 signaling, TNFα and KRAS signaling and hypoxia, but downregulation of MTOR signaling and type 1 interferon signaling. Discussion These findings, representing the first comprehensive look at immune response pathways for popular equine OTs, reveal distinct differences between therapies. These studies address a critical gap in our understanding of the relative immunomodulatory properties of regenerative therapies commonly used in equine practice to treat musculoskeletal disease and will serve as a platform from which further in vivo comparisons may build.
A Remnant of Chiral Symmetry on the Lattice

A new criterion for chiral symmetry in lattice theories of fermions is derived within a block-spin formalism. This ''remnant''-symmetry criterion properly incorporates the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly and avoids the fermion-doubling problem of other lattice fermion methods. Some obstacles to implementing this approach in the presence of fully dynamical gauge fields are discussed.
Performance Analysis of Coordinated Interference Mitigation Approach for Automotive Radar

Millimeter automotive radar has great potential in advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) to enable safety features, such as adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance. However, with widely deployment of millimeter radars on vehicles, the risk of radar mutual interference becomes a major factor limiting the high performance of radar detection. In this article, we analyze the mutual interference among multiple frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars. On the one hand, we study the interference in detail by considering co-channel interference (CCI) and adjacent channel interference (ACI) simultaneously. Besides, the CCI is analyzed by employing stochastic geometry model while the ACI is assessed by the deterministic analysis method. On the other hand, we propose a time-frequency division multiple access (TFDMA) scheme to mitigate the interference in a coordinated manner and evaluate it in terms of mitigation delay, the probability of interference, effective detectable density, maximum number of interference-free radar, and control signaling overhead. Finally, we study the power allocation strategy to enable the effectiveness of the coordinated interference mitigation approach based on the interference analysis. Simulation results verify the proposed framework for interference analysis by employing Monte Carlo method, and the performance improvement of the coordinated interference mitigation approach is 3.5 dB.
Changes in the Rhizosphere Prokaryotic Community Structure of Halodule wrightii Monospecific Stands Associated to Submarine Groundwater Discharges in a Karstic Costal Area

Belowground seagrass associated microbial communities regulate biogeochemical dynamics in the surrounding sediments and influence seagrass physiology and health. However, little is known about the impact of environmental stressors upon interactions between seagrasses and their prokaryotic community in coastal ecosystems. Submerged groundwater discharges (SGD) at Dzilam de Bravo, Yucatán, Mexico, causes lower temperatures and salinities with higher nutrient loads in seawater, resulting in Halodule wrightii monospecific stands. In this study, the rhizospheric archaeal and bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing along with physicochemical determinations of water, porewater and sediment in a 400 m northwise transect from SGD occurring at 300 m away from coastline. Core bacterial community included Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia and Planctomycetia, possibly involved in sulfur metabolism and organic matter degradation while highly versatile Bathyarchaeia was the most abundantly represented class within the archaeal core community. Beta diversity analyses revealed two significantly different clusters as result of the environmental conditions caused by SGD. Sites near to SGD presented sediments with higher redox potentials and sand contents as well as lower organic matter contents and porewater ammonium concentrations compared with the furthest sites. Functional profiling suggested that denitrification, aerobic chemoheterotrophy and environmental adaptation processes could be better represented in these sites, while sulfur metabolism and genetic information processing related profiles could be related to SGD uninfluenced sites. This study showed that the rhizospheric prokaryotic community structure of H. wrightii and their predicted functions are shaped by environmental stressors associated with the SGD. Moreover, insights into the archaeal community composition in seagrasses rhizosphere are presented.
Relaxed SiGe-on-insulator substrates without thick SiGe buffer layers

We have developed a technology for relaxing top SiGe layers with low dislocation density on Si substrates, without using thick SiGe buffer structures. By introducing a thin strained SiGe layer and the internal-oxidation (ITOX) process following the separation-by-implanted-oxygen (SIMOX) process, we have experimentally demonstrated relaxed SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) substrates with the Ge content of 20%, and it has been realized that their dislocation density is a factor of 20 lower than that of SGOI with SiGe buffer layer.
Injection and Mixing Processes in High-Pressure Liquid Oxygen/Gaseous Hydrogen Rocket Combustors

The injection, mixing combustion processes in a liquid oxygen (LOX)/gaseous hydrogen (GH2) rocket engine combustor at high chamber pressures (10 MPa) are studied and modeled. An experimental LOX/GH2 rocket motor consisting of a single coaxial shear injector element and a cylindrical chamber with optical access has been used for flow visualizations and measurements. Cold-flow injection test utilizing liquid nitrogen and gaseous helium at elevated pressures have been done for flowfield characterization by different diagnostic methods such as flash-ligth photography and high-speed cinematography using a shadowgraph setup. The injection visualizations and studies under cold-flow and combusting conditions revealed a remarkable difference between subcritical spray formation and evaporation and the supercritical injection and mixing process. The study shows that aproaching supercritical chamber pressures injection can no longer be regarded as a spray formation but rather as a fluid/fluid mixing process. As the flow visualizations indicate, the effect of the coaxial atomizer gas is less effective as previously expected. The flame is attached to the LOX post and develops in the LOX post wake. The observed flame holding mechanism is discussed. An evaluation of the radiation spectrum of the flame inside the combustion chamber revealed that radiation in the visible range is mainly due to water vapor.
Assessment of baroreflex sensitivity by the closed-loop blood pressure to interbeat interval transfer function

Noninvasive baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) measurements in humans - by computation of the transfer function from systolic blood pressure to inter-beat interval - are basically assessments, because they are made under closed-loop blood pressure control. Our study aims to compare such closed-loop BRS assessments with true open-loop BRS values by means of a simulation model of the human blood-pressure control system. Simulations were done with B.J. TenVoorde et al.'s (2000) model, modified by removing respiration and by adding a pressure probe, adjustable autonomic and haemodynamic conditions and a switch to open/close the loop. True open-loop BRS values ranged from 1 to 23 ms/mmHg. Closed-loop BRS assessments differed between -5 to +4.0% from the open-loop values. Our results demonstrate that, under physiological and pathological conditions, non-invasive closed-loop BRS measurements assess true open-loop BRS with virtually no bias.
Convex quartz crystal resonator of extremely high Q in 10 MHz-50 MHz

The micro machine technology which uses the optical contact phenomenon together with the grinding abrasive machining technology is researched as a method of enabling the highly precise processing of quartz. We have succeeded in the development of the convex quartz crystal resonator which uses a new three-dimensional highly precise processing. The fundamental mode operation is convex quartz resonator of 10 MHz-50 MHz, and a value dose to material Q of the quartz is obtained.
Sound absorption in concert halls by seats, occupied and unoccupied, and by the hall’s interior surfaces

From experimental data in concert and opera halls, absorption coefficients were determined for audience seating, unoccupied and occupied, of different constructions, and for gypsum, wood, plaster, and concrete interior surfaces of various thicknesses and densities. A total of ten halls were involved in the bare hall (before seats were installed) analysis, yielding “residual” absorption coefficients, i.e., coefficients for those areas not including the areas to be covered by the seating. In ten halls reverberation times were measured after installation of the seats (unoccupied) and in seven of these halls at concerts with seats fully occupied. The seating absorption coefficients are presented for “acoustical” audience areas, i.e., with a 0.5-m-wide edge around each seating block. The results are compared with the data of Appendix 5 in Beranek [Concert and Opera Halls: How They Sound (Acoustical Society of America, Woodbury, NY, 1996)]. The sound absorption data presented for interior surfaces and audience areas should permit more accurate estimation of reverberation times as a function of frequency for large halls during the planning stage.
The maximum distribution of a Gaussian stochastic process indexed by a local field

Abstract We consider continuous Gaussian stochastic process indexed by a compact subset of a vector space over a local field. Under suitable conditions we obtain an asymptotic expression for the probability that such a process will exceed a high level. An important component in the proof of these results is a theorem of independent interest concerning the amount of ‘time’ which the process spends at high levels.
Development of a nomogram to predict the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis on antivirals

Objective Patients with compensated hepatitis B-related cirrhosis receiving antivirals are at the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for predicting the incidence of HCC in patients with hepatitis-B related cirrhosis. Design A total of 632 patients with compensated hepatitis-B related cirrhosis treated with entecavir or tenofovir between August 2010 and July 2018 were enrolled. Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for HCC and a nomogram was developed using these factors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analyses were used to evaluate the nomogram performance. The results were validated in an external cohort (n = 324). Results In the multivariate analysis, age per 10 years, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio > 1.6, and platelet count < 86×109/L were independent predictors of HCC occurrence. A nomogram was developed to predict HCC risk using these three factors (ranging from 0 to 20). The nomogram showed better performance (AUC: 0.83) than that of the established models (all P < 0.05). The 3-year cumulative HCC incidences in the low- (scores < 4), medium- (4–10), and high-risk (> 10) subgroups were 0.7%, 4.3%, and 17.7%, respectively, in the derivation cohort, and 1.2%, 3.9%, and 17.8%, respectively, in the validation cohort. Conclusion The nomogram showed good discrimination and calibration in estimating HCC risk in patients with hepatitis-B related cirrhosis on antivirals. High-risk patients with a score > 10 points require close surveillance.