Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scaling and river networks: A Landau theory for erosion

We propose a coarse-grained theory for the formation of a river network in the form of a Langevin equation for the erosion of the landscape coupled to a conservation law for the surface water flow. We claim that this is the universal form for large-scale behavior. We show by simulations of a discrete model that represents the same dynamics that the slope-area law, the basin size distribution law, and Horton’s laws agree with real rivers. We discuss the relationship to optimal channel networks and to self-organized criticality. @S1063-651X~97! 50207-8# PACS number~s! : 64.60. Ak, 92.40. Fb, 64.60. Ht, 05.70. Ln Natural river networks have attracted a good deal of attention in the physics and geophysics communities, and a large number of models have appeared that attempt to give an explanation for the remarkable statistical properties of these systems @1‐4#. The spirit of much of this work is to try to abstract from the details of the geological processes a simple description that will account for the large-scale, coarse-grained properties of the network. In this paper we present a model of this type. Our model is similar to that of Inaoka and Takayasu @2# and of Sinclair and Ball @3# but also has significant differences. Our theory is intended to serve as a unified model of erosion and is based on a continuum formulation that we believe to capture the important features that survive on coarse graining. If we are correct, much of the previous work will have the same large-scale properties as what we present here. The remarkable statistical properties of river basins have been known for some time @5,6#. We will focus on a few of the laws that we consider to be central, and that we have verified for the model to be presented. The most important of these is the slope-area law, which was derived from field observations @7#: the slope of the river bed s scales with a power of the basin area Q: s;Q 2u ,
Acoustic Radiation from a Stationary Cylinder in a Fluid Stream (Aeolian Tones)

The equation for the radiated sound associated with body forces in a fluid is applied to the flow past a circular cylinder. The sound field is found to be related to the oscillating lift and drag forces which act on the cylinder. Quantitative predictions are made of the directionality and intensity of the field. Some experiments were conducted in a subsonic wind tunnel, in order to test the theory. The microphone was located both inside and outside the tunnel. Over‐all sound pressure levels and sound spectra were measured with various cylinders mounted in the test section. There is qualitative agreement between the theory and the experimental results.
An Architecture for Systematic Administration of SELinux Policies in Distributed Environments

—An operating system designed under the criteria of the class A1, consists of a collection of security strengthening mechanisms for the kernel. SELinux is an example of this type of operating system that supports several types of security policies applied to access control. In this paper we address the problem of inconsistency in SELinux policies, which can be present in distributed environments. To solve this problem, we propose an architecture that integrates a policy server for enabling a simple and secure administration. The policy server collects, integrates, and updates all policies that are applied in the distributed environment. We aim to achieve authenticity, integrity and conﬁdentiality in the policy update process through the Kerberos V protocol. A redundant policy server is used to obtain availability on policies.
Electrical transport through oligophenylene molecules: A first-principles study of the length dependence

We have calculated charge transport properties of molecular wires from first principles. The wires are made of oligophenylene molecules of three different lengths, in contact with atomic scale Au electrodes. The current-voltage characteristics of the wires are found to be linear, but the small bias resistances increase exponentially with the wire length. These behaviors are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental data. Quantitatively, our calculated slope of the resistance-wire-length curve is the same as the experimental data, while values of current and resistance are at the same order of magnitude as the data.
The 1.4 gigahertz luminosity function and its evolution

Determination de la fonction luminosite a 1,4 GHz a partir d'observations radioastronomiques pour deux echantillons de galaxies a faible redshift (galaxies spirales et elliptiques, a magnitude apparente dans le bleu, B T ≤12; galaxies de diverses morphologies avec des declinaisons −2,5°≤δ≤+82°)
SPECTRA OF FOUR IRAS-SELECTED AGN CANDIDATES

Observations of four southern warm IRAS objects are presented. From their optical spectral characteristics they are classified according to their principal excitation mechanisms: one as a Seyfert 2 type, two others as H II region-like galaxies (one of them is a starburst galaxy); the proposed optical identification for the remaining IRAS object is a star of early K type. Their heliocentric radial velocities are given. Additional observations of other eight IRAS galaxies are also reported, basically confirming previous results with slight variations in redshifts and classifications.
Variational principles for eigenvalues of block operator matrices

In this paper variational principles for block operator matrices are established which are based on functionals associated with the quadratic numerical range. These principles allow to characterize, e.g., eigenvalues in gaps of the essential spectrum and to derive two-sided eigenvalue estimates in terms of the spectral characteristics of the entries of the block operator matrix. The results are applied to a second order partial differential equation depending on the spectral parameter nonlinearly.
Simulation de modèles multi-matériaux sur maillage cartésien

On s’interesse a la simulation d’ecoulements compressibles multi-materiaux et, notamment, aux interactions fluide/structure dans les regimes transitoires et en dynamique rapide. Le but est de pouvoir decrire l’evolution de materiaux de lois de comportement tres differentes a l’aide d’un modele unique. Les milieux sont seulement differencies par leurs equations d’etat et sont separes par une interface dite sharp. Les materiaux peuvent etre des fluides ou des solides elastiques et sont soumis a de grandes deformations. Le modele est ecrit dans le formalisme eulerien. Le schema numerique est resolu sur des grilles cartesiennes pour des simulations en trois dimensions.Une extension du modele permet de decrire les deformations plastiques des solides.
On the Center of the Enveloping Algebra of a Classical Simple Lie Superalgebra

0.1. Let g be a semisimple Lie algebra with Cartan subalgebra h , Weyl Ž . group W, and enveloping algebra U g . Several results illustrate the Ž . Ž . important role played by the center Z g of U g . First there is the Ž . Harish-Chandra homomorphism which shows that Spec Z g ( h*rW, Ž . and describes the action of Z g on highest weight modules. Next we w x recall the separation of variables Theorem of Kostant Ko; D, 8.2. 4 which Ž . states that there is an ad g-invariant subspace K of U g such that the Ž . Ž . multiplication map K m Z g a U g is an isomorphism of ad g-modules. w Kostant’s theorem is a key ingredient in the proof of a result of Duflo D, x 8.4. 3 stating that the annihilator of a Verma module is generated by its Ž . intersection with Z g . A version of the Harish-Chandra homomorphism has been given by Kac for basic classical simple Lie superalgebras. We recall the details in Subsection 1.1. The proof of Kostant’s theorem depends heavily on the fact that every finite dimensional g-module is completely reducible. By contrast if g is a simple Lie superalgebra, such that every finite dimensional g-module is completely reducible, then either g is a simple Lie algebra or g is an Ž . w orthosymplectic Lie superalgebra g s osp 1, 2 r for some r G 1 Sch, x Theorem 1, p. 239 . Ž . Ž . In this paper we show that for g s osp 1, 2 r we again have U g ( Ž . K m Z g for K ad-invariant. In addition if E is any finite dimensional
A fundamental multivariable robustness theorem for robust eigenvalue assignment

A fundamental robustness theorem for robust eigenvalue assignment of multivariable feedback systems is derived. The theorem determines whether a perturbed multivariable feedback system has its characteristic polynomial zeros located in the same regions as the nominal system does. It can be applied to continuous systems as well as to discrete systems. The theorem can handle nonsquare transfer matrices as well as dynamic output feedback. Conditions are discussed under which the proposed theorem reduces to a fundamental theorem for stability robustness analysis. >
Development, characterization and application of compact spectrometers based on MEMS with in-plane capacitive drives

With a trend towards the use of spectroscopic systems in various fields of science and industry, there is an increasing demand for compact spectrometers. For UV/VIS to the shortwave near-infrared spectral range, compact hand-held polychromator type devices are widely used and have replaced larger conventional instruments in many applications. Still, for longer wavelengths this type of compact spectrometers is lacking suitable and affordable detector arrays. In perennial development Carinthian Tech Research AG together with the Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems endeavor to close this gap by developing spectrometer systems based on photonic MEMS. Here, we review on two different spectrometer developments, a scanning grating spectrometer working in the NIR and a FT-spectrometer accessing the mid-IR range up to 14 μm. Both systems are using photonic MEMS devices actuated by in-plane comb drive structures. This principle allows for high mechanical amplitudes at low driving voltages but results in gratings respectively mirrors oscillating harmonically. Both systems feature special MEMS structures as well as aspects in terms of system integration which shall tease out the best possible overall performance on the basis of this technology. However, the advantages of MEMS as enabling technology for high scanning speed, miniaturization, energy efficiency, etc. are pointed out. Whereas the scanning grating spectrometer has already evolved to a product for the point of sale analysis of traditional Chinese medicine products, the purpose of the FT-spectrometer as presented is to demonstrate what is achievable in terms of performance. Current developments topics address MEMS packaging issues towards long term stability, further miniaturization and usability.
Altruistic leadership and job performance: A Darwinian evolutionary perspective

: This paper presents an altruistic leadership theory based on evolutionary concepts. The theory proposes that natural processes selected for selfish behaviors, and that these selfish behaviors continue in modern humanity. However, while these selfish tendencies provided positive survival traits among ancestral populations, they induce negative behavioral traits in modern times in most organizational situations. We argue that altruistic behavior – placing followers’ needs before one’s own – elicits increases in follower performance by increasing their commitment and job satisfaction. However, it seems that the same forces that led to the spread of selfish leadership traits among ancestral humans also inhibit the spread of altruistic leadership traits today. As such, we can expect few naturally altruistic leaders to be available, and we can also expect that organizations must nurture such behaviors to develop trained altruistic leaders. These trained altruistic leaders may have advantages if they can draw upon training to behave altruistically with followers, and selfishly to deal with external competition. We develop these ideas by presenting mechanisms for how selfish leadership traits developed and spread through ancestral humans, what role altruism plays in enhancing follower outcomes, and suggestions for future theoretical development.
Dual-frequency and Dual-circular-polarization Shared-aperture Microstrip Phased Array

To resolve the mutual coupling problem between array elements operating at different frequencies with a frequency ratio of 1.5, a novel shared-aperture array solution is presented in this paper, which is realized by two substrates embedded within each other with different dielectric constants. The transceiver antenna elements work at 20/30GHz, LHCP/RHCP modes, respectively. In the array, 2x2 elements are grouped for sequential rotation to improve the axial ratio of the antenna. The influence of mutual coupling on the performance of the antenna axial ratio is analyzed, and it is found that the electromagnetic crosstalk in the dielectric substrate is the main reason for the mutual coupling. By surrounding metal vias among array elements, an electromagnetic barrier is formed, which effectively isolates the propagation path of electromagnetic crosstalk, and finally achieves an excellent performance of the axial ratio less than 4dB when scanning ±60°.
HCO+ emission in the HH7–11 region: the slowest component of the outflow?

The region of the high-velocity outflow in HH7-11 has been mapped in the J = 4-3 transition of HCO+. The results are compared with published optical, CO and J = 1-0 HCO+ maps. Unlike the latter interferometric data, we see a bright compact source associated with the exciting star, plus weaker emission throughout the region. Extended emission surrounds the line of HH objects, and has a structure very similar to that of the blueshifted CO outflow. Spectra of the J = 4-3 and 3-2 lines in selected positions within the flow region indicate two physical components: (i) cool gas at a density of a few x 10(6) cm-3 at the velocity of SSV13 and the ambient cloud; and (ii) warm (35 K) gas at a few x 10(5) cm-3 blueshifted by almost-equal-to 1 km s-1. The close agreement between the HCO+ and higher velocity CO suggests that the former arises from the densest, slowest component of the molecular flow. The structure appears to favour a confined jet rather than a shocked cloudlet model.
Effect of Image Enhancement in CNN-Based Medical Image Classification: A Systematic Literature Review

Diagnosing diseases is one of the most crucial tasks in the medical field. One of the approaches commonly used is by analyzing medical images. However, detecting diseases manually through images may take considerable time and effort. Therefore, many researchers have developed image classification methods for faster disease recognition. Nevertheless, several problems, such as low-quality images, may occur during the process. It is suggested that applying image enhancement to medical scans may improve image classification performance. Despite this, the effects of image enhancement itself on medical image classification performance have not been discussed deeply. To fill the gap, this study provides a systematic literature review of how applying image enhancement during the preprocessing step affects classification performance, along with algorithms and approaches used in image enhancement and classification processes. In most cases, applying image enhancement to the images improves medical image classification performance. Upon further research, all algorithms listed in this systematic literature review has their own characteristic that may positively impact medical image classification performance, depending on the dataset used. Several researchers have also attempted to combine multiple image enhancements to complement their disadvantages. However, not all attempts managed to improve the classification performance. Some situations where the dataset is unsuitable with the image enhancement algorithm have shown worse performance than the respective original image.
Design Strategies for High-resolution High-speed Flash-assisted Pipelined SAR ADCs

A preliminary study performed before the transistor level simulations of converters with challenging specifications is presented. The target converter is a pipelined SAR ADC with 18-bit resolution that operates with a conversion rate larger than 10 MS/s. Various techniques are proposed for reducing the number of SAR conversion cycles. A foreground interstage gain error calibration method is also discussed.
6T SRAM Cell Design Using CMOS at Different Technology nodes

SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) has become a major key component in many VLSI Chips, due to its high storage density and quick access time, it has become a popular data storage device. SRAM has played a significant role in the global VLSI sector. Due to the significant increase of low power and low voltage memory systems in recent times, SRAM has been prioritised in the research sector. This is owing to the increased demand for high-end devices, IC memory cards, and other communication devices, as well as the advancement of portable battery-operated devices. The power and area of a low-power 6T SRAM cell design are assessed in this research. This work describes the design and implementation of a 6T SRAM cell in standard CMOS process technology at 180nm, 90nm and 45nm nodes. In the Cadence Virtuoso Software, this simulation was run. The Static Noise Margin has been used to analyse the performance of SRAM cells. The schematic, transient simulation, and DC analysis are all included in this work.
Extended defects in diamond: The interstitial platelet

The structure and properties of the {001} planar platelet in diamond are investigated using ab initio theory. We find that a carbonaceous model, based on a layer of self-interstitials, satisfies the requirements of transmission electron microscopy, infrared absorption data, and energetic considerations. The energetics of self-interstitial production during nitrogen aggregation are considered. It is found that the growth mechanism of the platelet involves a thermally activated release of vacancies from platelets. The role of vacant sites and platelet nitrogen are also investigated and it is shown that these defects embedded within the platelet could account for the observed optical activity.
A 1.2 V to 3 V Low Power Resistor-Less All-MOSFET Voltage Reference Generator

The generation of a voltage reference signal under low power conditions is complicated due to the massive influence of temperature variations. In this work, All-MOSFET resistor-less low power solutions are presented in order to obtain a temperature independent voltage reference. The design is based on the generation of two supply independent signals with Proportional To Absolute Temperature (PTAT) slope and Complementary To Absolute Temperature (CTAT) slope. Furthermore, a biasing circuit with low reference current is used in order to control the power consumption over a wide temperature range. The circuit design and layout has been done using $0.13\ \mu \mathrm{m}$ technology. The post-layout simulation results show that the circuit generates a voltage reference signal $V_{ref}$ of 0.961 V within a supply voltage $V_{DD}$ range of 1.2 V to 3 V giving a line sensitivity of 0.98 %/V. The total power consumption is 114 nW at $V_{DD}$ of 1.2 V and temperature of 27°C. The Temperature Coefficient (TC) is 125 ppm/°C over a temperature range of 0 °C to 100°C. The Power Supply Rejection Ratio PSRR is −41.94 dB at 1 Hz, −41.76dB at 10Hz, and −35.13dB at 100Hz.
FDDphase: A Package For Statistical Analysis of the Phase from Polarimetric Data

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar data provide a wealth of information. A complete single-frequency observation of this kind is a complex matrix with nine degrees of freedom: three intensities and three complex covariances. There are several ways of extracting valuable information from these observations, among them the use of statistical models. In particular, the difference between the phases of the complex covariances is important in interferometric applications. In this article we survey statistical models for this kind of circular data. We present both physically-derived and empirical distributions, we highlight their relationships and present estimators for their parameters in an unified manner. We present a package for the R platform for statistical analysis of phase data under univariate physical and empirical models, their estimators, and their relationships.
A 40 GHz Varactor-less Class-C VCO with 17.1% Tuning Range and Long-Term Reliability in 28nm FD-SOI for Satellite Communications

This paper presents a 40 GHz varactor-less class-C VCO with long-term reliability. The class-C mode is achieved by a transformer magnetic feedback loop and a control circuit that lowers the bias gate voltage of the VCO's cross-pair transistors. The tail current source is removed from the VCO, ensuring a high voltage swing in addition to the high efficiency of class-C VCO. The design benefits from the body-biasing offered by the FD-SOI technology to fine-tune the frequency with the parasitic capacitance of the transistors. Thus, low-quality factor varactors at mm-wave frequencies are avoided. The capacitor bank is placed inside the transformer to reduce the parasitic inductance due to lead wires and the silicon footprint. The circuit reliability is improved by using a cascode structure in the active device to mitigate the hot-carriers generation. A capacitive feedback loop added to the active device boosts the transconductance. The VCO was implemented in 28 nm FD-SOI technology and covers the frequency between 35.58 GHz and 42.36 GHz (tuning range of 17.1%). The measured phase noise is −88.33 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a 35.58 GHz carrier with a power consumption of 7.3 mW under 1 V supply voltage. The resulting FoM and FoMT are 170.72 dBc/Hz and 175.38 dBc/Hz, respectively.
VIDO: A Robust and Consistent Monocular Visual-Inertial-Depth Odometry

Multi-sensor fusion is a mainstream method for localization of unmanned systems. How to achieve 6-degrees of freedom (DOF) pose estimation of the system is challenging in GPS-denied environments. Although map-aided localization methods normally perform well on intelligent transportation systems, prior maps are unavailable in some GPS-denied scenes (e.g., dense forests, tunnels, and underground parking lots). In this paper, we present a robust and consistent monocular visual-inertial-depth odometry (VIDO) to perform 6-DOF pose estimation without the need of prior information. The system contains a visual-inertial subsystem (VIS) based on tightly coupled optimization in a sliding window and a depth subsystem (DS) based on the iterative closest point (ICP) estimation using 3D point clouds obtained by a LiDAR or depth camera. The uncertainties of the estimation results in VIS and DS are rigorously calculated to consider measurement noises of the sensors. The obtained uncertainty estimates are fed into a covariance intersection (CI) filter for pose fusion, and the fused pose is further refined in the mapping process. We perform experiments on public datasets, as well as in various real-world outdoor and indoor scenes to verify the performance on localization and mapping in urban areas with buildings and cars, off-road environments with rugged terrains, as well as indoor structured environments. The results show that the proposed method can provide both a robust 6-DOF pose estimate and a precise 3D map for fully autonomous navigation in different scenes without a prior map, which presents an attractive complement to map-aided automated driving.