Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Contrastive Training and Transferability-Aware Adaptation for Multisource Privacy-Preserving Motor Imagery Classification

Motor imagery (MI) is one of the brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigms that allows a participant to mentally imagine the movement execution without moving physically by electroencephalogram (EEG). The MI signals vary dramatically among multiple subjects, which makes the MI classification task extremely challenging, because the model trained on one subject may totally fail on another one. Furthermore, privacy concerns always arise as the EEG contains sensitive health and mental information. In this article, we propose an unsupervised multisource-free domain adaptation (DA) algorithm to reduce the discrepancy between the individual MI signals and protect individual privacy simultaneously. Specifically, in the source training phase, we fully leverage the labels of the source data in an instance-contrast fashion guided by a contrastive cross-entropy loss and learn the intrinsic structure inside the data in a category-consistent way by a categorical contrastive loss. In the target adaptation phase, our model only accesses the parameters of the source models instead of the source data for privacy preservation. To achieve this, we propose to ensemble the source models by linear combination and then theoretically explain why the target model performs better than or equal to the arbitrary source model. We further keep our model’s attention to the transferability of the source models by estimating the maximum value of label evidence to prevent noise accumulation when generating pseudo-labels. Sufficient experiments on three datasets with similar properties demonstrate our model outperforms state-of-the-art methods for cross-subject MI classification tasks. Our source code is available at https://github.com/grilled-chicken-burger/bci for noncommercial use.
Hepatoprotective effects of ginseng saponins in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury

Purpose: To investigate the effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in mice. Methods: Thirty-two mice were randomly divided into four groups. In control group, mice were administered sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) by intraperitoneal injection for seven days. In CCl4 treatment group, mice were treated as control group for the first seven days and then intraperitoneally injected with CCl4 in olive oil on day 8. In Rb1- and Rg1-treatment group, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with Rb1 or Rg1 (each 30 mg/kg, dissolved in 0.5 % CMC-Na), respectively for seven days, followed by intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 in olive oil on day 8. Histological damage was examined by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were assessed enzymatically. Tissue IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured by ELISA. Gene and protein levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Smad2, and Smad3 were analyzed by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. Results: CCl4 treatment caused histological damage in mouse liver, and increased the levels of ALT, AST (five-fold), IL-6 (three-fold), and IL-8 (five-fold), and elevated expressions of TGF-β, Smad2, and Smad3. Ginsenosides Rg1 or Rb1 pre-treatment attenuated liver injury by decreasing the serum levels of ALT (from 700 to 200 UI/L) AST (from 550 pg/mL to 250 pg/ml), IL-6 (from 1,100 to 750 pg/mL), and IL-8 (from 600 to 200 pg/mL), and inhibiting the expressions of TGF-β, Smad2, and Smad3. Conclusion: Ginsenosides (Rg1 and Rb1) attenuate CCl4-induced liver injury and inflammation by regulating TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway. Keywords: Ginseng saponin, Ginsenosides, Rg1, Rb1, Hepatoprotective effect, TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway
Modern and historical data identify sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) habitat offshore of south-western Australia

The distribution and use of pelagic habitat by sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) is generally poorly understood in Western Australia. However, a variety of data are becoming available via online portals where records of historical expeditions, commercial whaling operations, and modern scientific research voyages can now be accessed. Crowdsourcing these online data allows collation of presence-only information of offshore animals such as sperm whales and provides a valuable tool to help augment areas of poor research effort and fill in the gaps. Four data sources were examined, the primary one being the Voyage of the Odyssey expedition, a five-year global study of sperm whales and ocean pollution. From December 2001-May 2002, researchers surveyed 5200 nautical miles off Western Australia including historical whaling grounds off Albany and the Perth Canyon, an area previously known for pygmy blue whale distribution, using acoustic techniques and obtained 57 tissue biopsies. To augment areas not surveyed by the RV Odyssey, historical Yankee whaling data, commercial whaling data, and citizen science reports of sperm whale sightings were used. Using Maxent, a species distribution modeling tool, we found that the submarine canyons off Albany and Perth provide important habitat for sperm whales. Recent management measures implemented by the Australian government in this region were evaluated with respect to the sperm whale distribution model and only 1.8% of their predicted habitat occurs within a designated IUCN marine protected area restricting offshore activities.
Characteristics of patients with psoriatic arthritis in Korea: focusing on axial involvement

Background/Aims We aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Korean patients focusing on PsA with axial involvement. Methods A retrospective medical chart review was performed to identify PsA patients at a single tertiary center. Cases of AS patients with psoriasis were recruited from a prospective AS registry of the same center. Demographics, laboratory findings, and radiologic characteristics were assessed. Results A total of 69 PsA patients were identified. In PsA patients, spondylitis (46.4%) was the most common form. Compared to AS patients with psoriasis, PsA patients with radiographic axial involvement were older (50.9 vs. 32.4 years; p < 0.001) and showed greater peripheral disease activity (peripheral arthritis 78.1 vs. 12.5%, p < 0.001; enthesitis 50.0 vs. 6.3%, p = 0.003). AS patients with psoriasis presented a higher rate of HLA-B*27 positivity (81.3 vs. 17.2%; p < 0.001) and a more frequent history of inflammatory back pain (100.0 vs. 75.0%; p = 0.039) than PsA patients with radiographic axial involvement. Significant proportions of PsA patients with radiographic axial involvement had cervical spine involvement (10/18, 55.6%) and spondylitis without sacroiliitis (10/23, 43.5%). Conclusions We demonstrate that axial involvement is common in Korean PsA patients, and its characteristics can be distinct from those of AS.
A Vague Rough Set Approach for Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Medical Accident

Identifying the risk factor is a key to success for the Failure model. This paper presents a new FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) in medical accident for the hospital management by using vague rough matrix information captured through vague rough set. Using β-product and β-complement product into fuzzy relation matrix and vague set to find the new lower and upper approximation of vague rough set. This method will provide an easy methodology to find the weight of risk factor. Using an example we validate our proposed approach.
The Fauna Of Atlantic Marine Caves - Evidence Of Dispersal By Sea floor Spreading While Maintaining Ties To Deep Waters

Evidence is presented that significant ties exist between the faunas of marine caves and those of the deep seas, that marine cave faunas may contain very old elements, and that marine caves have served as faunal refuges over very long periods of time. In addition, the term "crevicular" is introduced to designate those aquatic habitats formed by crevasses in and among rocks, as well as to describe the organisms that live in those habitats. We feel that data recently gathered in Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Turks and Caicos, Ascension, and the Canary Islands (Fig. 1) shed light on some of the puzzling distributional patterns noted for cavernicolous crustaceans found on oceanic islands of the Atlantic and the Pacific, and bear generally on sea floor spreading. In our work we have been dealing exclusively with (and drawn our conclusions from) invertebrates-primarily shrimps-that inhabit anchialine waters and ma- rine caves. That is, waters having no surface connection with the sea, but which nevertheless contain salt or brackish water the level of which fluctuates with the tides.
Development of Force and Motion Concept Self-Efficacy Inventory (FMCSEI) for Senior High School Students

This study aimed to develop and validate the Force and Motion Concept Self-Efficacy Inventory (FMCSEI), a content-specific self-efficacy inventory for the senior high school level. This study involved 1361 senior high school students from the Schools Division Office of San Pablo City, Laguna. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was initiated to determine the underlying factors within the initial 39-item scale. Based on EFA, FMCSEI managed to capture three factors related to force and motion learning self-efficacy, namely: applications of knowledge of force and motion, conceptual understanding of force concept, and real-life application of Newton’s laws of motion. FMCSEI component structure obtained an excellent reliability index as revealed by the Cronbach’s alpha (>0.80). Correlation analysis among the extracted components emerged to be strongly associated which further established high internal consistency of the developed instrument. Therefore, FMCSEI, composed of 34 items, can be utilized as a valid and reliable instrument by educators or researchers to assess the self-efficacy towards learning force and motion concept in senior high school level. This tool can provide physics teachers, useful insights in instructional planning and designing towards improved attitude and disposition of senior high students in physics courses.
Determination of irrigation schedule of winter wheat in different hydrological years in Yangling,Shaanxi Province based on DSSAT model

In the arid and semiarid areas of northwest China, the land, light and heat resources are relatively rich but water resource is much short. Water is the main limiting factor in exploring the productive potential of light and tem- perature in these areas. In order to realize highly efficient agricultural production and sustainable development, it is es- sential to raise the use efficiency of water resource according to the water requirement and water-stress response of crops in different growing stages. By using DSSAT model, the productive potential of winter wheat in different hydrological years in Yangling, Shaanxi Provincewas simulated, the effects of irrigation in different stages on yield, WUE and soil e- vaporation were analyzed, and the key irrigation periodswere determined. Furthermore, the optimal irrigation schedule of winter wheat in different hydrological years was made by considering yield, WUE, total irrigation amount and irrigation times comprehensively. The results showed: (1) Among the four times of irrigation during the growing period of winter wheat, revival waterwas most critical, next was jointing water, and winter water and grain filling water were the last. When therewas no revivalwater, the yield and transpiration ofwinterwheatwere decreased significantly, and the soil e-vaporationwas increased significantly. (2) There were also remarkable differences among different hydrological years. The yield, WUE and crop transpiration in wet years were slightly higher than those in normal years, and both of them were significantly higher than those in dry years. As for the marginal benefit of irrigation, different hydrological years were ranked as: normal yearsdryyearswetyears. (3) The optimal irrigation schedule ofwinterwheat in differenthy- drological yearswas: 75 mmof revival water and 50 mmof jointingwater in dry years, 75 mmof revival water in normal years, and 25 mm of revival water and 25 mm of jointingwater in wet years.
Learned Kernel-Based Interpolation for Efficient RGBW Remosaicing

RGBW remosaicing is an interpolation technique that converts RGBW images captured using RGBW color filtering arrays into Bayer images. Although recent learning-based approaches using convolutional neural networks have shown substantial performance improvements, most algorithms require high computational and memory complexities, which limit their practical applicability. In this work, we propose an efficient and effective RGBW remosaicing algorithm based on learned kernel-based interpolation. First, the proposed algorithm extracts deep feature maps from input RGBW images. Then, we develop a learned kernel-based interpolation module composed of local and non-local interpolation blocks that generates two intermediate Bayer images. Specifically, the local interpolation block learns local filters to recover a Bayer image, whereas the non-local interpolation block recovers a Bayer image by estimating the non-local filters of dynamic shapes. Finally, a reconstructed Bayer image is obtained by combining the complementary information from the intermediate Bayer images using a spatially weighted fusion block. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves comparable or even better performance than state-of-the-art algorithms while providing the lowest computational and memory complexities.
A late Quaternary, high-resolution record of planktonic foraminiferal species distribution in the southern Benguela region: Site 1087

Planktonic foraminiferal assemblages from the upper Pleistocene part of Hole 1087A (0 to 12.1 meters below seafloor) are investigated to assess the role of global and local climate changes on surface circulation in the southern Benguela region. The benthic stable isotope record indicates that the studied interval is representative of the last four climatic cycles, that is, down to marine isotope Stage (MIS) 12. The species assemblages bear a clear transitional to subpolar character, with Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (d), Globorotalia inflata, and Globigerina bulloides, in order of decreasing abundance, as the dominant taxa. This species association presently characterizes the mixing domain of old upwelled and open ocean waters, seaward of the Benguela upwelling cells. Abundance variation of the dominant foraminiferal species roughly follows a glacial–interglacial pattern down to MIS 8, suggesting an alternation of upwelling strength and associated seaward extension of the belt of upwelled water as a response to global climate changes. This pattern is interrupted from ~250 ka down to MIS 12, where the phase relationship with global climate is ill defined and might be interpreted as a local response of the southern Benguela region to the mid-Brunhes event. Of particular interest is a single pulse of newly upwelled waters at the location of Site 1087 during early MIS 9 as indicated by a peak abundance of sinistral N. pachyderma (s). Variable input of warm, salty Indian Ocean thermocline waters into the southeast Atlantic, a key component of the Atlantic heat conveyor, is indicated by abundance changes 1Giraudeau, J., Pierre, C. and Herve, L. , 2001. A late Quaternary, highresolution record of planktonic foraminiferal species distribution in the southern Benguela region: Site 1087. In Wefer, G. , Berger, W.H. , and Richter, C. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 175, 1–26 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: . [Cited YYYY-MM-DD] 2Département Géologie et Océanographie, UMR5805 CNRS, Université Bordeaux I, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence cedex, France. giraudeau@geocean.u-bordeaux.fr 3LODYC, UMR121 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France. Initial receipt: 18 February 2000 Acceptance: 14 September 2000 Web publication: 6 April 2001 Ms 175SR-225 J. GIRAUDEAU ET AL. LATE QUATERNARY RECORD OF PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES DISTRIBUTION 2 of the tropical taxon Globorotalia menardii. From this tracer, we suggest that interocean exchange was hardly interrupted throughout the last 460 k.y. , but was most effective at glacial terminations, particularly during Terminations I and II, as well as during the upper part of MIS 12. This maximum input of Indian Ocean waters around the southern tip of Africa is associated with the reseeding of G. menardii in the tropical Atlantic.
Sample Functions as Indicators of Aquifer Heterogeneities

An adaptive slope matching method is used to evalute the aquifer heterogeneity from constant rate aquifer test data. The basic aquifer parameters such as the storativity and transmissivity are considered to vary spatially and the effects of such changes appear as temporal variations during a pumping test period. It is stressed that this is due to the depression cone expansion with time around the pumping well. The plots of individual parameters versus time are referred to as the sample functions. These functions have erratic variations indicating that the aquifers considered in this study have local heterogeneities. Furthermore, a moving average technique is applied to each parameter sample function for the purpose of finding regional trends in the parameter variations. It is interesting to notice that the arithmetic average values of sample functions yield aquifer parameter values as obtained by the classical type curve matching techniques which assume that the aquifer concerned is homogeneous. Hence the use of the sample function concept is recommended for the detailed interpretation of the aquifer heterogeneity.
Decision-Making Deficits in ADHD Are Not Related to Risk Seeking But to Suboptimal Decision-Making: Meta-Analytical and Novel Experimental Evidence

Objective: ADHD is related to decision-making deficits in real-life (e.g., substance abuse) and on experimental tasks (increased preference for risky options). In most tasks, risk and expected value are confounded (risky options have lowest expected value), making it impossible to disentangle risky from suboptimal (i.e., not choosing highest expected value) decision-making. We differentiated between risky and suboptimal decision-making in ADHD in two studies. Method and Results: First, on a multilevel meta-regression analysis (k = 48, n_ADHD = 1,144, n_Control = 1,108), ADHD and controls differed if the risky option was suboptimal (ADHD choosing more risky/suboptimal), whereas groups performed similar if the risky option was not suboptimal. Second, an empirical study showed that adults with ADHD (n = 40) made more suboptimal, but not more risky choices than controls (n = 40). Conclusion: These results contribute to a growing body of evidence that decision-making deficits in ADHD are driven by suboptimal decision-making and not by risk seeking.
Using multivariate state-space models to study spatial structure and dynamics

In our work as population analysts, we are primarily concerned with risk assessment and forecasting of imperiled populations. Understanding the spatial structure within a population is important in this context, because spatial structure has a strong effect on extinction risk and the degree to which a population is buffered from environmental fluctuations. Monitoring data collected for populations of concern reflect this ubiquitous spatial structure. Such data are typically collected from multiple census sites, sites which are often thought to represent subpopulations that are at least partly independent. Modeling multi-site data, however, presents serious challenges for population analysts. In many cases, monitoring data are limited to simple abundance counts, and data necessary to specify spatial structure—movement patterns or common environmental drivers—are missing. This hinders the use of mechanistic spatial models which require knowledge of the movement and the covariance of environmental drivers throughout a landscape (such as the models used in Lahaye et al. 1994, Dunning et al. 1995, and Schumaker et al. 2004).
Exploring the typology of decision-makers, institutions, and incentives that shape health decisions in Pakistan and insulate decision makers from citizens feedback

Introduction In developing countries such as Pakistan, program and policies underperform in providing public good as weak institutions lead to decisions that are unresponsive to citizens and are driven by personal motivations of the incumbents. We describe the decision-making processes in the health sector through the framework of “Public Choice” theory which posits how individual motives shape institutional performance and direction. Methods We conducted 84 qualitative interviews with five types of stakeholders: politicians, senior and mid-level bureaucrats, donors, public health experts and media personnel spanning 2 periods over a decade. The initial interviews were conducted during 2013–2015 period and a case study on decision-making during the COVID-19 response was added in 2020–2022 period. Findings Most new ideas originate from top political leadership, guided by personal agendas or political expediency. Senior bureaucrats implement politicians’ agenda and mid-level officials maintain the status quo and follow established “authority. ” Since officials’ performance, promotions, transfers, and the rare dismissals are based on tenure deviations rather than work performance, individuals and institutions are reluctant to take initiative without “consensus” among their colleagues often leading to inaction or delays that obviate initiative and reform. The public sector lacks institutional memory, formal information gathering, and citizen engagement, impacting public goods, health services, and policies. Media and donor personnel are important influencers. However, media mostly report only “hot issues” in health, with short publication and reader attention cycles. Donor personnel are the most likely to follow evidence for decision making, albeit while following their institutional priorities determined centrally. The COVID-19 response is presented as a contrast from usual practices, where evidence was used to guide decisions, as the pandemic was perceived as a national threat by the highest leadership. Conclusion Absence of citizen feedback and formal systems for evidence gathering and processing leads to decisions that neglect the needs of those they serve, prioritizing personal or political gains and perpetuating the status quo. However, the COVID-19 pandemic emphasized the importance of evidence-based decision-making and offers valuable lessons for reforming decision-making processes.