Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of data structures for dynamic trees

The dynamic trees problem is that of maintaining a forest that changes over time through edge insertions and deletions. We can associate data with vertices or edges and manipulate this data, individually or in bulk, with operations that deal with whole paths or trees. Efficient solutions to this problem have numerous applications, particularly in algorithms for network flows and dynamic graphs in general. Several data structures capable of logarithmic-time dynamic tree operations have been proposed. The first was Sleator and Tarjan's ST-tree, which represents a partition of the tree into paths. Although reasonably fast in practice, adapting ST-trees to different applications is nontrivial. Frederickson's topology trees, Alstrup et al.'s top trees, and Acar et al.'s RC-trees are based on tree contractions: they progressively combine vertices or edges to obtain a hierarchical representation of the tree. This approach is more flexible in theory, but all known implementations assume the trees have bounded degree; arbitrary trees are supported only after ternarization. This thesis shows how these two approaches can be combined (with very little overhead) to produce a data structure that is at least as generic as any other, very easy to adapt, and as practical as ST-trees. It can be seen as a self-adjusting implementation of top trees and provides a logarithmic bound per operation in the amortized sense. We also discuss a pure contraction-based implementation of top trees, which is more involved but guarantees a logarithmic bound in the worst case. Finally, an experimental evaluation of these two data structures, including a comparison with previous methods, is presented.
Adaptive Iterative Learning Control for Robot Manipulators

An improved adaptive iterative learning algorithm is applied on manipulators with repetitive time-varying disturbance. The saturation function was used when designed control law to reduce the torque chattering problem, and to force the manipulators to track time-varying reference signal fast, correctly and with assigned speed. The effectiveness of the proposed control system is demonstrated by Lyapunov analysis and simulation results: when the number of iteration increase, the tracking error will converge to zero uniformly with respect to the finite time interval, and chattering phenomenon reduced.
Original article Randomized study of a short course of weekly cisplatin with or without amifostine in advanced head and neck cancer

in the study. The median number of cisplatin administrations was 6 (range 2-6), equal in both arms. In both treatment arms the median dose intensity of cisplatin achieved was the planned 70 mg/m 2 /week. In the cisplatin only arm 6 out of 206 cycles were complicated by thrombocytopenia grade 3 or 4 versus 1 of 184 cycles in the amifostine arm (P = 0.035). Hypomagnesaemia grade 2 + 3 was significantly less observed in the amifostine arm (P = 0.04). Neurotoxicity analyzed by serial vibration perception thresholds (VPT) showed a diminished incidence of subclinical neurotoxicity in the amifostine arm (P = 0.03). No protective effect on renal and ototoxicity could be shown. Hypotension was the main side effect of amifostine but only of relevance in one patient. The antitumor activity of cisplatin was preserved as 63% of the evaluable patients in the amifostine arm responded compared to 50% of the evaluable patients in the cisplatin alone arm. Conclusion: Our study indicated that in combination with weekly administered cisplatin amifostine reduced the risk of thrombocytopenia, hypomagnesemia as well as subclinical neurotoxicity, but did not result in a higher dose intensity of cisplatin. Addition of amifostine did not compromise the antitumor effect of cisplatin.
The SECIS instrument on the Lomnicky Peak Observatory

Heating mechanisms of the solar corona will be investigated at the high-altitude solar observatory Lomnicky Peak of the Astronomical Institute of SAS (Slovakia) using its mid-size Lyot coronagraph and post-focal instrument SECIS provided by Astronomical Institute of the University of Wroc{\l}aw (Poland). The data will be studied with respect to the energy transport and release responsible for heating the solar corona to temperatures of mega-Kelvins. In particular investigations will be focused on detection of possible high-frequency MHD waves in the solar corona. The scientific background of the project, technical details of the SECIS system modified specially for the Lomnicky Peak coronagraph, and inspection of the test data are described in the paper.
A study on psychological training of competitive judokas

These examinations were assembled by the kind of study performed – observational, trial, and contextual analyses. What's more, five mental classifications were distinguished: symbolism, inspiration, stress, uneasiness, and temperament states, eating demeanors and weight control, and mentor/competitor connections. Weight decrease programs that judokas experience before a judo battle can prompt terrible dispositions. Mental readiness plans ought to be custom-made to every individual judoka, as there can be critical individual contrasts among focused judokas. An exertion ought to be made to direct trial structured examinations so as to survey the adequacy of mental mediations in judo.
Morphosyntactic processing in late second-language learners. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22 (8). pp.

■ The goal of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of second-language (L2) morphosyntactic processing in highly proficient late learners of an L2 with long exposure to the L2 environment. ERPs were col-lected from 22 English – Spanish late learners while they read sentences in which morphosyntactic features of the L2 present or not present in the first language (number and gender agreement, respectively) were manipulated at two different sentence positions — within and across phrases. The results for a control group of age-matched native-speaker Spanish participants included an ERP pattern of LAN-type early negativity followed by P600 effect in response to both agreement violations and for both sentence positions. The late L2 learner results included a similar pattern, consisting of early negativity followed by P600, in the first sentence position (within-phrase agreement violations) but only P600 effects in the second sentence position (across-phrase agreement violation), as well as significant amplitude and onset latency differences between the gender and the number violation effects in both sentence positions. These results reveal that highly proficient learners can show electrophysiological correlates during L2 processing that are qualita-tively similar to those of native speakers, but the results also indicate the contribution of factors such as age of acquisition and transfer processes from first language to L2. ■
Molecular Detection and Seroepidemiology of the Chlamydia pneumoniae Bacteriophage ( (cid:2) Cpn1)

Recent whole-genome analysis has demonstrated limited genetic variation in Chlamydia pneumoniae , with one strain (AR39) containing a 4,524 nucleotide single-stranded DNA bacteriophage, (cid:1) Cpn1. Using PCR, reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and Western blotting, we conﬁrmed the presence and functional expression of (cid:1) Cpn1 in C. pneumoniae strain AR39 and its absence in strain CWL029. Six additional epidemiologically distinct clinical isolates of C. pneumoniae also did not contain (cid:1) Cpn1. We generated recombinant viral protein 1 (Vp1) from (cid:1) Cpn1 in Escherichia coli and showed that Vp1 antigen is highly immunogenic in mice and that murine antisera readily recognize native Vp1 from C. pneumoniae strain AR39 elementary bodies (EB). We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibodies to recombinant Vp1 in human sera collected from 32 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and 40 controls. Among the 72 subjects, 61 had C. pneumoniae EB antibodies shown such that those with measured levels of (cid:1) 0.5 OD units were classiﬁed as sero- positive. This cutoff was chosen because visual inspection of the distribution of OD values to Vp1 antigen showed that an OD value of less than or greater than 0.5 separated the study subjects into two distinct populations. Odds ratios (OR), 95% conﬁdence intervals (CI), and chi-square analyses were used to assess the relationship between these variables and AAA. Unconditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted OR and 95% CI for the association between AAA and seropositivity to C. pneumoniae EB and Vp1. Other variables included in the logistic regression model were age, gender, pack years of smoking, the presence of hypertension, and the presence of hypercholesterolemia.
Energy and protein intake in the Colombian population: results of the 2015 ENSIN population survey JNS JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE

The present study was aimed at (1) the differences between current weight v. ideal weight, (2) total energy intake and comparing it with required energy (Rkeer), (3) absolute protein intake in g/kg per d and g/1000 calories, (4) how energy and protein intake relate to the nutritional status of the subjects in terms of overall overweight (OEW) [overweight + obesity] and conservative overweight (CEW) [obesity] and (5) the contribution (%) of protein to total energy intake based on the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR). A dietary study was carried out in Colombia with 29 259 subjects between 1 and 64 years of age, based on cross-sectional data collected in 2015 by a 24-h dietary recall (24HR) administered as part of the National Nutrition Survey. Energy and protein intake did not differ by nutritional status. In the general population, energy intake was 2117 kcal/d (95 % CI 1969, 2264). The total protein intake was 64 ⋅ 3 g/d (95 % CI 61 ⋅ 4, 67 ⋅ 3). Adequate energy intake ranged from 90 to 100 %, except for the 1 – 4-year-old group, which ranged from 144 to 155 %. Protein intake was 1 ⋅ 64 g/kg per d (95 % CI 1 ⋅ 53, 1 ⋅ 75). The mean AMDR for protein to total energy intake was 13 ⋅ 3 % (95 % CI 12 ⋅ 9, 13 ⋅ 7). Excess weight began during the ﬁ rst 4 years of age. In conclusion, it is worth reviewing and updating energy and protein intake recommendations and dietary guidelines for the Colombian population and designing and modifying public policy.
Cross-biome comparison of microbial association networks this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters

Clinical and environmental meta-omics studies are accumulating an ever-growing amount of microbial abundance data over a wide range of ecosystems. With a sufﬁciently large sample number, these microbial communities can be explored by constructing and analyzing co-occurrence networks, which detect taxon associations from abundance data and can give insights into community structure. Here, we investigate how co-occurrence networks differ across biomes and which other factors inﬂuence their properties. For this, we inferred microbial association networks from 20 different 16S rDNA sequencing data sets and observed that soil microbial networks harbor proportionally fewer positive associations and are less densely interconnected than host-associated networks. After excluding sample number, sequencing depth and beta-diversity as possible drivers, we found a negative correlation between community evenness and positive edge percentage. This correlation likely results from a skewed distribution of negative interactions, which take place preferentially between less prevalent taxa. Overall, our results suggest an under-appreciated role of evenness in shaping microbial association networks.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Effects of Two Traditional Chinese Cooking Oils, Canola and Pork, on pH and Cholic Acid Content of Faeces and Colon Tumorigenesis in Kunming Mice

Faecal pH and cholate are two important factors that can affect colon tumorigenesis, and can be modified by diet. In this study, the effects of two Chinese traditional cooking oils (pork oil and canola/rapeseed oil) on the pH and the cholic acid content in feces, in addition to colon tumorigenesis, were studied in mice. Kunming mice were randomized into various groups; negative control group (NCG), azoxymethane control group (ACG), pork oil group (POG), and canola oil Ggroup (COG) . Mice in the ACG were fed a basic rodent chow; mice in POG and COG were given 10% cooking oil rodent chow with the respective oil type. All mice were given four weekly AOM (azoxymethane) i.p. injections (10mg/kg). The pH and cholic acid of the feces were examined every two weeks. Colon tumors, aberrant crypt foci and organ weights were examined 32 weeks following the final AOM injection. The results showed that canola oil significantly decreased faecal pH in female mice ( P <0.05), but had no influence on feces pH in male mice ( P >0.05). Pork oil significantly increased the feces pH in both male and female mice ( P <0.05). No significant change was found in feces cholic acid content when mice were fed 10% pork oil or canola oil compared with the ACG. Although Kunming mice were not susceptible to AOM-induced tumorigenesis in terms of colon tumor incidence, pork oil significantly increased the ACF number in male mice. Canola oil showed no influence on ACF in either male or female mice. Our results indicate that cooking oil effects faecal pH, but does not affect the faecal cholic acid content and thus AOM-induced colon neoplastic ACF is modified by dietary fat.
Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Trade, firm selection, and industrial agglomeration Trade, firm selection, and industrial agglomeration

: We develop a model of trade and agglomeration that incorporates trade in both intermediate goods and ﬁ nal goods and allows all ﬁ rms to choose their locations. There are two types of labor: skilled labor, which is mobile, and unskilled labor, which is immobile. Upon choosing its factory site, a ﬁ nal goods ﬁ rm that is managed by skilled labor can produce these goods using local unskilled labor and a variety of intermediate goods produced by productivity-heterogeneous producers. We characterize world equilibrium and establish the conditions under which industrial agglomeration arises as a stable equilibrium outcome. We show that when the unskilled labor force is small, the role played by the selection of intermediate ﬁ rms becomes less important, and trade liberalization induces dispersion. When the unskilled labor force is large and the selection e ﬀ ect becomes in ﬂ uential, trade liberalization can generate non-monotonic e ﬀ ects on industrial agglomeration. The dispersion e ﬀ ect of trade liberalization arises when unskilled labor-intermediate input complementarity matters to ﬁ rm selection to a greater degree. When this is the case, trade liberalization may induce less selective ﬁ rm entry and cause average productivity to fall.
OP-EJEC210212 1..11

Biomedical Imaging Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Centre, 116 N Robertson Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Barts Heart Centre, The Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unit and The Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK; and Centre for Heart Muscle Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
A Real Time Video Streaming Web Portal

Content-based video extracting is very essential now-a-days. The existing data mining algorithms are not directly applied to videos. This proposed work uses different data mining algorithms for indexing, clustering, searching and retrieving content-based videos. A system will be developed in which only admin can upload videos on cloud server. Videos are sorted based on category and videos are automatically uploaded on Cloud Server on the schedule provided by the admin. Users can watch videos online, they can download videos based on video summary and users can rate videos that will be analyzed by the system. This system automatically removes videos that are less popular so that user’s time will not be wasted for watching the least rated videos. Users can share videos with other registered users without using another platform in the proposed system.
О.В. Мамічева Губристична мотивація викладачів вищої школи

The paper characterizes the structure of teaching activity motivation in high school teachers, which includes the hubristic aspiration for perfection and hubristic aspiration for superiority, different ways of pedagogical self-regulation (intrinsic motive, identification, introjected and extrinsic regulation), career orientations on professional competence, management, serving, entrepreneurship, challenge, management, integration of life styles, autonomy, on the stability of work and residence, professional motives (the motives of activity and self-realization, acknowledgment motive, acceptance motive, cognitive motive, the motive of livelihoods).
A novel method to evaluate nutrient retention by biological soil crust matrix

Aims Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are microbial communities commonly found in the upper layer of arid soils. These microorganisms release exopolysaccharides (EPS), which form the exopolymeric matrix (EPM), allowing them to bond soil particles together and survive long periods of dryness. The aim of this work is to develop methods for measuring metabolite retention by biocrust EPM and EPS. Methods We report new methods for the investigation of metabolite sorption on biocrusts compared to the underlying unconsolidated subcrust fraction. A 13 C – labeled bacterial lysate metabolite mixture was incubated with biocrust, subcrust and biocrust-extracted EPS. Non-sorbed metabolites were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results This simple and rapid approach enabled the comparison of metabolite sorption on the biocrust EPM or EPS versus mineral sorption on the underlying soils. Our results suggest that the biocrust (and its extracted EPS) sorb more metabolites, especially amino acids and organic acids, than the underlying subcrust. Conclusions This study demonstrates a useful method to highlight the essential role of biocrust (especially the EPM), which acts as a passive nutrient filter, sequester-ing metabolites released by microbes during wetting events. This may facilitate recovery of the community upon wetting and further enhance biocrust survival and nutrient retention.
Neuron as an Electric PAU About the authors

The objective of this work is to show that it is possible to describe, in approximate form, the operation of a neuron if it is defined from the electrical point of view. To create the neurons that make up artificial neural networks were used as a resource the deus ex machina . That is, an external element was sought to solve the problem, ignoring its internal logic. Llinás (1988) showed that a neuron in mammals is not only that 'ideal cell' that helped to unravel all the researchers before him, but also represents a dynamic element that has a wide range of electrophysiological properties that allow it to handle different ionic conductances, either dependent on a certain voltage level, or on some molecule that activates them. Among the electrophysiological properties of the CNS neurons, Llinás highlights its spontaneous activity, which is closely linked to the voltage-activated ionic conductions, in particular, the one is known as the low threshold of Ca ++ initially identified in the cells of the inferior olive ( IO). Thus, neurons become true unicellular oscillators or resonators. The self-rhythmicity that enables Ca ++ and other ions make a nerve cell can respond to certain frequencies. According to a theory of neuropsychic functioning (Salatino, 2013) is that they are described and substantiated from the electrical point of view, each of the parts that make up a neuron. That is: 1) Dendrites as an RC circuit that acts as a receiver (or tuner); 2) Soma as an RL circuit that by a phenomenon of self-induction justifies the generation of the "action potential"; 3) Dendrite-soma complex as an RLC circuit that acts as a resonator, generating certain frequencies; and 4) Axon-synapse complex as an RM (resistor-memristor) circuit that allows to "remember" a particular frequency. This allows us to see the neuron as an integrator of the passive electrical elements (that dissipate or store energy) of two terminals, which, according to the classical circuit theory, are three: the capacitor, the resistor, and the inductor. A fourth basic element is included: the memristor, whose operation can only be detected at the nanoscale. The four fundamental variables that define the aforementioned elements are: a) electrical voltage, b) electric current, c) electric charge and d) magnetic flux. With them, different PAUs were created that allowed, through the Transcursive Logic, to simulate the electrical functioning of a neuron. This operation was corroborated by industrial simulators of electrical circuits.
The Family’s Role in the Relation between Socioeconomic Status and Early Language Development

Early language ability is fundamental to later school readiness and academic success. By age 3, many children from low socioeconomic backgrounds have fallen behind their more affluent peers in a variety of language skills. Here, we present the rich body of data linking SES to early language outcomes. We further examine three mechanisms through which SES exerts its influence: The quantity of language input, the quality of language interactions, and the availability of learning resources. Finally, we review early interventions designed to enhance low-SES children’s language development by targeting the above mentioned mechanisms. Future research must address the enormous heterogeneity within low-SES populations and develop interventions and research methods that adapt to low-SES families’ diverse sociocultural contexts and needs.
Current Status of Finite Element Analysis Based Studies on Optimal Dental Implant Length and Diameter in the Posterior Mandible Bone: A Review of the Literature

The scope of this article is to review the current status of finite element analysis based studies on the matter of optimal dental implant length and diameter in the posterior mandible bone and discuss the findings in relation to 3D models used, materials used, type and magnitude of loading. The search of the literature was carried out using electronic databases PubMed, EbscoHost, as well as a manual search of finite element analysis based studies on dental implant diameter and length published between 2000 and 2018, using the terms: finite element analysis, dental implants, implant diameter an implant length. Current finite element analysis studies on the influence of diameter and length of implants present high variability due to the bone models used, material properties assigned, magnitude and type of loading, design of implants and dimensions investigated. However, a clear result is that the diameter of the implant has a great influence on crestal bone stress, an increase in the diameter leading to a decrease in stress. Increase in length leads to a decline in stress values in the bone tissue, but a clear consensus has not been reached yet concerning the extent of its influence on the cortical bone or cancellous bone.