Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Structuring Effects of Salinity and Nutrient Status on Zooplankton Communities and Trophic Structure in Siberian Lakes

Many continental saline lakes are under the effects of salinity increase and anthropogenic eutrophication exacerbated by global change. The response of the food web to these drivers of change is not straightforward. To understand the consequences of salinity and eutrophication interactive effects on the food web, we studied the seasonal dynamics of zooplankton and phytoplankton and water quality parameters in 20 lakes of different salinity (from freshwater to hypersaline) and nutrient status (from oligotrophic to eutrophic) located in southern Siberia. We observed a pronounced bottom-up effect of nutrients, which induced an increase in the biomass of phytoplankton and zooplankton and a decline in water quality. A significant decrease in the species abundance of zooplankton was observed at a threshold salinity of 3 g L−1 and the disappearance of fish at 10 g L−1. The top-down effect induced by salinity manifested itself in an increase in the biomass of zooplankton with the disappearance of fish, and in the change of the size distribution of phytoplankton particles with an increase in the proportion of cladocerans in the zooplankton. Even though we observed that with the salinity increase the food web in saline lakes transformed from three-trophic to two-trophic without fish, we conclude that in the salinity range from 10 to 20–30 g L−1 this transition in most cases will not increase the ability of zooplankton to control phytoplankton. Interactive effects of salinity and eutrophication strongly depend on the size and depth of the lake, as deep stratified lakes tend to have a better water quality with lower biomasses of both phyto- and zooplankton. Thus, the salinity per se is not the driver of the decline in water clarity or the uncontrolled development of phytoplankton. Moreover, for deep lakes, salinity may be a factor affecting the stability of stratification, which mitigates the consequences of eutrophication. Thus, small shallow lakes will be the most vulnerable to the joint effect of salinity increase and eutrophication with the degradation of ecosystem functioning and water quality at moderate salinities of 3–20 g L−1.
VRM transient study and output filter design for future processors

In this paper, the transient response of the (voltage regulator module) VRM output voltage when the processor has a fast load change is analyzed. The parasitic parameters play important roles in the transient. The system can be divided into several resonant loops. Each loop can be approximately considered as a decoupled second order system. The transient response is affected by the magnitude of the load change rather than the slew rate of it. Limitations of the present VRM topology for future specifications and output filter design are discussed.
Social vulnerability, social-ecological resilience and coastal governance

Non-technical summary Our analysis shows that the framing of social vulnerability is shaped by a narrow definition of resilience, focusing on post-disaster return and recovery responses. This perspective does not account for the dynamism and non-stationarity of social-ecological systems (SES) which is becoming increasingly important in the face of accelerating environmental change. Incorporating social-ecological resilience into social vulnerability analysis can improve coastal governance by accounting for adaptation and transformation, as well as scale and cross-scale interactions. Technical summary Social vulnerability analysis has been unable to deliver outcomes that reflect the reality of vulnerability and its consequences in an era characterised by accelerating environmental change. In this work, we used critical discourse analysis and key informant interviews to understand different framings of social vulnerability in coastal governance and management, globally and in New Zealand. We found that the framing of system vulnerability could vary depending on the definition of resilience adopted, which has critical ramifications for coastal governance of linked systems of humans and nature. We found that the framing of social vulnerability in coastal governance is mainly influenced by engineering, community and disaster resilience, focusing on return and recovery governance responses to environmental change (e.g. hurricanes, wildfires). Instead, we suggest a novel perspective based on social-ecological resilience, which more accurately reflects the dynamics of linked systems of humans and nature (SES). This revised perspective, general vulnerability, accounts for the dynamics of Earth's systems across various spatial and temporal scales in the face of accelerating environmental change. Accounting for social-ecological resilience and its core aspects (i.e. panarchy, adaptation and transformation) is essential for informing coastal governance of SES (Do we adapt? or Do we transform the SES? ). Social media summary Social-ecological resilience is essential for social vulnerability analysis in the face of accelerating environmental change.
Higher Purpose, the Greater Good and Finance

Organizational higher purpose is gaining increasing traction in both research and policy discussions about the (desired) role of corporations in society. What is higher purpose and how does it affect corporate governance? This paper defines higher purpose and surveys the literature in economics, finance, organization behavior and management strategy on organizational higher purpose. Key research questions addressed in these strands of the higher purpose literature are identified and the available insights are discussed and synthesized. Higher purpose is a contribution goal that is distinct from shareholder value maximization, but in firms that implement higher purpose effectively, decisions are made at the intersection of purpose and value maximization. Higher purpose is not charity, and it will worsen governance and fail to be sustainable when it is either viewed as charity or used merely for “virtue signaling”. Moreover, mandating the adoption of a higher purpose is generally unadvisable.
Entity-Sensitive Attention and Fusion Network for Entity-Level Multimodal Sentiment Classification

Entity-level (aka target-dependent) sentiment analysis of social media posts has recently attracted increasing attention, and its goal is to predict the sentiment orientations over individual target entities mentioned in users’ posts. Most existing approaches to this task primarily rely on the textual content, but fail to consider the other important data sources (e.g., images, videos, and user profiles), which can potentially enhance these text-based approaches. Motivated by the observation, we study entity-level multimodal sentiment classification in this article, and aim to explore the usefulness of images for entity-level sentiment detection in social media posts. Specifically, we propose an Entity-Sensitive Attention and Fusion Network (ESAFN) for this task. First, to capture the intra-modality dynamics, ESAFN leverages an effective attention mechanism to generate entity-sensitive textual representations, followed by aggregating them with a textual fusion layer. Next, ESAFN learns the entity-sensitive visual representation with an entity-oriented visual attention mechanism, followed by a gated mechanism to eliminate the noisy visual context. Moreover, to capture the inter-modality dynamics, ESAFN further fuses the textual and visual representations with a bilinear interaction layer. To evaluate the effectiveness of ESAFN, we manually annotate the sentiment orientation over each given entity based on two recently released multimodal NER datasets, and show that ESAFN can significantly outperform several highly competitive unimodal and multimodal methods.
The iDEA architecture-focused FPGA soft processor

OF THE DISSERTATION The iDEA Architecture-Focused FPGA Soft Processor by Cheah Hui Yan Doctor of Philosophy School of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore The performance and power benefits of FPGAs have remained accessible primarily to designers with strong hardware skills. Yet as FPGAs have evolved, they have gained capabilities that make them suitable for a wide range of domains and more complex systems. However, the low level, time-consuming hardware design process remains an obstacle towards much wider adoption. An idea gaining some traction recently is the use of soft programmable architectures built on top of the FPGA as overlays, with compilers translating code to be executed on these architectures. This allows the use of strong compiler frameworks and also avoids the bit-level cycle-level design required in RTL design. A key issue with soft overlay architectures is that when designed without consideration for the underlying FPGA architecture, they suffer from significant performance and area overheads. This thesis presents an FPGA architecture-focused soft processor built to demonstrate the benefits of leveraging detailed architecture capabilities. It uses the highly capable DSP blocks on modern Xilinx devices to enable a general purpose processor that is small and fast. We show that the DSP48E1 blocks in Xilinx Virtex-6 and 7-Series devices support a wide range of standard processor instructions that can be designed into the core of a processor we call iDEA. On recent devices it can run close to the limit of 500MHz, while consuming considerably less area than other soft processors. We conduct a detailed design space exploration to identify the optimal pipeline depth for iDEA. We then propose the use of composite instructions to improve performance through better use of the DSP block, and show a speedup of up to 1.2× over a processor without composite instructions. Finally, we show how a restricted forwarding scheme that uses an internal DSP block accumulation path can eliminate some of the dependency overheads in executing programs, achieving a 25% improvement in execution time, compared to an alternative forwarding path implemented in the logic fabric, which offers only a 5% improvement.
Una aproximación a la clasificación de las universidades chilenas

espanolLa sociedad del conocimiento y la globalizacion han impactado a la educacion superior generando varios cambios en las ultimas decadas. Estos cambios hacen referencia a un aumento en la demanda, la masificacion de la matricula y la diversificacion de las instituciones de educacion superior, con o sin fines de lucro, ademas de un incremento en la presencia de universidades de origen privado. En consecuencia las universidades presentan diferentes misiones, formando graduados con una calidad variable. El aseguramiento de la calidad, por tanto, se visualiza como un elemento crucial para resguardar la calidad de la formacion academica de los estudiantes. En este sentido, se busca generar una clasificacion de las universidades, para ello se efectua un ordenamiento espacial en un grafico de dispersion de 52 universidades chilenas, utilizando para este fin las variables de acreditacion institucional y de rentabilidad sobre el patrimonio, usando ademas las medias de ambas. Ambos aspectos conciben en la conformacion de cuatro grupos de universidades, generando asi una nueva aproximacion para el analisis de las universidades existentes en Chile. EnglishThe knowledge society and globalization have impacted higher education, generating a series of changes in recent decades. These changes make reference to the growing demand, widespread growth of enrollment and diversification of higher education institutions, with or without profit, in addition to a large increase in the presence of universities from private sources. Therefore, universities have different missions, thus forming graduates with heterogeneous quality. The quality assurance, therefore, is seen as crucial to safeguard the quality of the academic training of students. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to generate a ranking of universities, for which a spatial arrangement of 52 Chilean universities is carried out in a scatter plot, using for this purpose the variables of institutional accreditation and return of equity, besides using the average of both. These two aspects conceive in forming four groups of universities, thus generating a new approach for the analysis of existing universities in Chile
A Randomized Comparative Study to Compare Karman's Cannula and Pipelle Biopsy for Evaluation of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy, inadequate sampling, pain during the procedure (Visual Analog Scale [VAS] score), and ease of insertion of the Karman's cannula and Pipelle biopsy for patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Methods: This prospective observational randomized comparative study included women of age more than 40 years with complaints of AUB. Two hundred and fifty women were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Group A (n = 125) who underwent endometrial aspiration using Karman's cannula and (2) Group B (n = 125) who underwent Pipelle endometrial sampling. Both the groups were followed by conventional dilation and curettage (D and C) which was considered the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign and malignant conditions of endometrium were calculated. Results: Group B had a sensitivity of 89.29% followed by Group A (86.36%); on the other hand, Group A had a specificity of 96.08% followed by Group B (95.74%) (P > 0.05). Inadequacy was comparable among the two groups with 1 inadequate in Group A and 3 inadequate in Group B. Mean VAS score was significantly lesser in Group A than Group B (4.5 ± 2 vs. 5.8 ± 2.1, P < 0.0001). Ease of insertion was similar in Groups A and B (P = 0.345). Conclusion: Both procedures were equivalent in diagnostic accuracy, inadequacy, and ease of insertion. However, the use of Karman cannula resulted in less pain and is a much cheaper option in comparison to Pipelle. Overall, either procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis without cervical dilation and anesthesia and thus may be routinely used for women presenting with AUB.
Application of Queuing Theory and Management of Waiting Time Using Multiple Server Model: Empirical Evidence From Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria

In many hospitals, time spent by the patients to get service in the healthcare facility is always the main problem faced by the health care providers. This trend is on the increase and it is a potential threat to healthcare services. In Nigeria, general hospitals with large number of patients have cases where patients may not be attended to on time. The consequences of keeping patients in a queue for too long in order to get medical care can cause a slew of problems or even lead to death. In this study, the multiple servers queuing models were used to analyze service efficiency of the Ahamadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Kaduna State. Primary data was collected through observation and questionnaire methods at the hospital over a two-week period to determine the queuing model that minimizes patients waiting time. The results showed that a significant percentage of the patients were not satisfied with how queues management strategies put in place by the hospital. Regression analysis shows that all the dimensions of service quality have significant positive relationship with the patient’s satisfaction.
Campaign Contributions and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives: The Case of the Sugar Industry

The question of whether campaign contributions buy roll-call votes is both important and contentious. Although researchers often find positive correlations between the two, it is difficult to conclude that these correlations are causal because interest groups may be simply giving to their supporters rather than attempting to change members’ voting behavior. In this paper we use a pair of votes on antisugar subsidy amendments to investigate the causal effects of contributions on voting. With multiple votes we can control for the supportiveness of the district or member by using fixed effects. We find strong evidence that changing contribution patterns caused significant changes in the probability that a district or member would vote to support the sugar industry (i.e., against the amendments). Our results hold in both district and incumbent fixed effects models and also when we redefine the time window for measuring relevant contributions.
Usulan Alokasi Lahan Parkir Mobil dan Motor yang Optimal dengan Mempertimbangkan Besar Pengeluaran serta Biaya Parkir yang Dibayarkan Konsumen ke Toserba â€œXâ€ Menggunakan Model Simulasi

Toserba â€œXâ€ terletak di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat. Salah satu fasilitas yang disediakan bagi para pengunjung Toserba â€œXâ€ â€œadalah lahan parkir mobil dan motor. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah banyaknya pengunjungÂ yang menggunakan mobil dan motor, sedangkan Akan tetapi,Â tidak tidak tersedia lahan kosong atau lahan tambahan untuk menampung semua kendaraan mobil dan motor yang masuk. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan perhitungan penyediaan ruang parkir yang optimal untuk kendaraan mobil dan motor berdasarkan besar pengeluaran (belanja dan konsumsi) serta biaya parkir yang dibayarkan konsumen ke Toserba â€œXâ€ agar pihak Toserba â€œXâ€ memperoleh pendapatan yang optimal. Â Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah menguji kesamaan rata-rata laju kedatangan dan kesamaan rata-rata lama parkir untuk mobil dan motor antar jamnya dengan menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistics 21. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh kelompok laju kedatangan mobil dan motor yang berbeda serta lama parkir mobil dan motor yang berbeda. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan uji Least Significant Difference untuk mengetahui kelompok jam yang tidak sama. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji independensi data dan penyesuaian distribusi untuk mengetahui jenis distribusi yang sesuai dengan kelompok data tersebut menggunakan program Stat::Fit Version 2. Kemudian, membangun model yang merepresentasikan lahan parkir Toserba â€œXâ€ serta menginput data distribusi laju kedatangan, distribusi lama parkir, entitas, lokasi, dan path network Â menggunakan program ProModel. Setelah output simulasi didapatkan, maka dilakukan optimisasi model dengan menggunakan Sim Runner untuk mendapatkan kapasitas mobil dan motor dengan pendapatan yang optimum. Â Lahan parkir memiliki kapasitas awal 138 mobil dan 353 motor. Dari hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa kapasitas lahan parkir yang optimal yang harus disediakan di hari Selasa yaitu 117 mobil dan 468 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 928.051. 818 (kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 13%), di hari Rabu yaitu 118 mobil dan 464 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 876.938. 748 (kenaikan sebesar 20%), di hari Kamis yaitu 106 mobil dan 532 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 728.858. 401 (kenaikan sebesar 9%), di hari Jumat yaitu 119 mobil dan 459 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 869.534. 434 (kenaikan sebesar 13%), di hari Sabtu yaitu 107 mobil dan 527 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 1.059. 684.909 (kenaikan sebesar 20%), di hari Minggu yaitu 98 mobil dan 579 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 1.101. 505.935 (kenaikan sebesar 34%), di hari Senin yaitu 119 mobil dan 459 motor dengan pendapatan optimum Rp 859.317. 123 (kenaikan sebesar 9%). Â Kata kunci: Lahan Parkir, Statistika, Model Simulasi, Optimisasi, Tata Letak
Laminar forced convection in curved channel with vortex structures

AbstractTheoretical and experimental investigations of heat transfer in flat curvilinear channel have been carried out. Linear and non-linear effects of Dean vortexes on intensity of heat transfer were taken into account. The linear effect, which describe harmonic (sinuous) variation of the heat transfer coefficient near the concave surface of the channel and the non-linear effect causes the general increase of the heat transfer coefficient due to augmentation of heat transfer engendered by the Dean vortexes. For both effects, mathematical relations were obtained in the form of quadratures. These numerical results were modified to the form convenient in engineering calculations. The investigations have shown that both linear and nonlinear components grow up with the Dean number. Nonlinear component $$Q\frac{T}{0}$$ increases more abruptly, while the linear one $$Q\frac{T}{1}$$ is more conservative. This is a confirmation of stability of vortex structures.
Decision-making model of overtaking behavior for automated driving on freeways

In this paper, we propose a decision-making model of overtaking behavior for automated driving on freeways. This model is composed of two main parts: a multilevel microscopic scene model and a Hierarchical State Machine (HSM). The multilevel microscopic scene model is used to describe the complex traffic situation, and in some specific situations, the automated vehicle will interact with other traffic participants to obtain additional information. On the other hand, the HSM focuses on the decision-making process, which consists of two stages: the emergence of overtaking intention based on the RBF neural network (RBFNN) and the judgment of overtaking condition based on the rules. The presented model has been integrated in our vehicle "Ray" and evaluated in the man-in-the-loop simulation environments built with Pre Scan and Matlab. Experimental results show that the proposed decision-making model is feasible and reliable.
Development of a Self-Healing strategy for future smart microgrids

Microgrid is expected to supply its local loads independently. But, due to intermittency of wind and solar-based energy resources as well as the load uncertainty, it is probable that a microgrid experiences power deficiency. This problem can be mitigated by coupling the overloaded microgrid to another neighbouring microgrid that has surplus power. Considering a distribution network composed of several islanded microgrids, defining the suitable microgrids to be coupled to the overloaded microgrid is a challenge. A microgrid overload management technique is developed in this thesis which first identifies the overloaded microgrid(s) and then selects the most suitable neighbouring microgrids. The alternative selection is based on different criteria such as available surplus power, reliability, supply security, power loss, electricity cost and emissions in the selected microgrids. Moreover, the frequency and voltage deviation in the system of coupled microgrids are considered in the selection. In addition, the thesis evaluates the impact of the weightings of each criterion on the outcome of the alternative selection strategy and presents the sensitivity of the selection procedure on the weightings of each criterion since each criterion weighting has the potential to vary the outcome of the alternative selection therefore the impact of every criteria is found to be crucial. Therefore, a dynamic multi-criteria decision-making algorithm is developed for this purpose. To contemplate the uncertainties in the considered distribution network, a cloud theory-based probabilistic analysis is deployed as the research framework and the performance of the developed technique is evaluated in MATLAB. Once a selection is identified, the interconnection should take place, but before that, a synchronisation between selected microgrids is required for a safe and appropriate interconnection between them and thereby in this thesis, the transition stage forming a system of coupled microgrids is also discussed, and a suitable and practically applicable strategy is developed which facilitates their synchronisation before interconnection. The performance of the developed strategy is evaluated by time-domain simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC.