Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Post‐dormancy Growth of Bermudagrass as Influenced by Low Temperatures and Selected Preemergence Herbicides1

Turf managers in the upper south of the USA must often contend with slow recovery of bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) following winter dormancy. It is, therefore, essential to identify factors which may contribute to reduced. recovery from dormancy if bermudagrass is continued to be grown in this region. In this study, three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the herbicides DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6 dinitro-ρ-toluidine) and oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4 (2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl) -∆²,3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] on cold temperature tolerance and post-dormancy growth of three bermudagrass cultivars, ‘Tifway,’ ‘Vamont,’ and ‘Midiron. ’ Two laboratory studies were designed to determine the influence of different rates of herbicides on the recovery of dormant bermudagrass that was subject to low temperatures. Herbicides were applied immediately before dormancy was initiated or prior to post-dormancy growth. A field acclimated study was also conducted to ascertain the effects of herbicide application on post-dormancy growth of two bermudagrass. From these experiments it was found that the preemergence herbicides DCPA, benefin, and oxadiazon reduce the cold temperature tolerance of Tifway bermudagrass. Post-dormant root growth of Tifway bermudagrass was inhibited when new roots came into contact with a herbicide residue from an application prior to dormancy. The most severe root reduction occurred by applications of herbicides to dormant bermudagrass turf made after a laboratory freeze. Less phytotoxicity was obtained when low dosages of herbicides were applied to dormant Vamont bermudagrass that was not frozen. However, when herbicides were applied after Vamont bermudagrass was frozen, both low and high dosages produced similar results. Midiron and Vamont bermudagrass differed in their susceptibility to herbicide injury following freezing conditions. Vamont post-dormancy recovery was decreased by the herbicides applied in this study, but Midiron was not.
People Who Are Homeless are People First: Opportunity for Community Psychologists to Lead in Language Reframing

The words or labels we use to define, describe and categorize people greatly influence public perception and attitudes. In turn, public perceptions and attitudes play an essential role in shaping policies and practices impacting numerous groups of people, including people who are experiencing homelessness. Yet, and perhaps, inadvertently, we continue to use words that categorically label groups of people bringing back historical meanings of oppression and inequality. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) raise awareness that the use of the terms, “the homeless�? and “homeless people�? in reference to people experiencing homelessness, perpetuate oppression and inequality; and (2) call community psychologists to lead in transforming how we define, describe and categorize people experiencing homelessness. The author reviews literature that looked at historical connotations behind categorical labeling of people who were homeless and links this underpinning to the terms, “the homeless�? and “homeless people�? A concluding discussion offers a language reframing model including using person-first language, as a methodology for influencing public perception and attitudes.
Evaluation of a Testpiece for Porosity in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers

Because of their outstanding high density specific strength carbon fiberreinforced polymers (CFRP) are the favourite material for many lightweight applications, especially in the aeronautic and automotive industry. However, defects like pores in CFRP cannot be completely avoided during manufacturing. Therefore, reliable and reproducible methods for porosity and defect detection are necessary. Common methods are ultrasonic testing and destructive methods like acid digestion and serial sectioning. All these methods lead to an uncertainty of ±1 vol.% in porosity or even worse. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is another promising method for porosity detection, because it is non-destructive, it is a 3D-method giving also the morphology of all pores and it has a very good reproducibility of around 0.04 vol%. However, up to now there are no CFRP test parts available with a well-defined porosity which can be used as reference parts for CT. Therefore, we propose a new CFRP-porosity test part for X-ray CT. CFRP-reference plates were made by drilling 300 1000 holes with a diameter between 200 to 300 μm in plates with a thickness of 1 mm. The diameters were evaluated by optical microscopy and CT to get reference porosity values and the corresponding uncertainty taking into account also machining induced diameter variations especially near the surface of the drilling hole. These hole-plates were mounted and pressed with porosity free 1 mm CFRP plates at the top and at the bottom. 3 samples with porosity values of 0.96 ± 0.02 vol. %, 2.58 ± 0.03 vol. %, and 4.81 ± 0.12 vol. % were prepared. These test parts were scanned by X-ray computed tomography and different data processing methods were applied to get accurate porosity values. These methods are evaluated and discussed within this contribution.
Universal primers can amplify tumor necrosis factor gene across species

Universal primers designed in the conserved regions of sequences can be used for cross-species gene amplification and for identification of unsequenced genes from other species. We have designed a universal primer for the tumor necrosis factor gene. This has been tested for the amplification of tumor necrosis factor gene from monkey and guinea pig for which DNA sequence is not yet known. The universal primer thus designed can be used for identification and expression studies for tumor necrosis factor genes in other unknown species. The strategy showed in this paper can be used in designing universal primers for the study of various subjects involving unsequenced DNA. Many genes of interest to immunologists have been sequenced in man and mouse, the two most widely studied species. However, information on such genes in other species used as experimental models is often required by the scientific community. Researchers have to resort to re-sequencing of these genes for each new species in order to conduct expression level or other PCR related studies of the gene. Specialized software that could align the sequences from several species and design primers in the consensus region that can amplify across species would facilitate the rapid study of novel genes in new animal models. The design of primers that can successfully amplify the desired gene from multiple species or members of a gene family within the same species is described in this paper. We have selected tumor necrosis factor (TNF) as a model gene and amplified it using universal primers from the consensus region. Universal primers were designed from the human TNF gene sequence, Genbank accession no. M10988 (Wang et al., 1985); rat, Genbank accession no. D00475 (Shirai et al., 1989); and rabbit, Genbank accession no. M12846 (Ito et al., 1986) retrieved using ENTREZ release 24 (NCBI, NIH, USA). The universal primer can be used to prime a PCR or a sequencing reaction for a number of species and for comparative studies of the gene between different species. TNF gene sequences were aligned using tools located at www.ebi. ac.uk and subsequently universal and sequence specific primers were designed using Primer Premier 4.1. (Premier Biosoft International, CA, USA) (Figure 1). Sequence specifications are given in Table 1. High molecular weight DNA was extracted from 750 μl of fresh blood of human, rat, rabbit, monkey and guinea pig according to Sambrook et al (1989). Reactions were carried out in 50μl volume in 0.5ml thin walled PCR tubes (Perkin Elmer, Applied Biosystems, USA) containing 5μl of 10x Taq buffer (Boerhinger Mannheim, USA), 100mM of each deoxynucleoside triphosphates and 20 pM each of the sense primer (Bangalore Genei Pvt. Ltd., India) T1 and anti-sense primer T2. For amplification of TNF gene using sequence specific primers, 40 pM of each human TNF gene specific (TH), 20 pM of rabbit specific (TB) and 20 pM of rat specific (TR) anti-sense primers were used in conjunction with 20 pM of the sense primer T1 in separate reactions.
Sentiment classification of skewed shoppers' reviews using machine learning techniques, examining the textual features

With the speedy growth of online shopping, it has become of crucial importance for product makers to analyze, and handle a wealth of products' reviews. However, such a high volume of reviews, along with a wide variety of opinions, makes it hard for manufacturers to know exactly how they can improve their products without having an efficient approach. For this purpose, the results of sentiment classification would help the customers to retrieve the necessary information to choose an appropriate product, and the sellers to effectively collect customer feedback in order to improve their products. Like most of the read‐world problems, the shopping review data being used in this study were imbalanced, being predominately composed of positive with only a small percentage of negative reviews. Machine learning (ML) algorithms do not perform well when data are imbalanced, as they tend to get biased toward the overrepresented data category. The synthetic minority over‐sampling technique (SMOTE) was used to address this class imbalance problem. In this study, three different ML‐based algorithms, namely the Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine, and decision tree (DT) were employed. An extensive preprocessing procedure was taken to prepare the text datasets, and details are discussed in the manuscript. The performance analysis indicated that the DT algorithm outperforms the other two methods. As positive reviews account for the majority of the reviews, sparse words removal for the data resulted in the removal of almost all negative reviews' sentiments. Hence, the model training process is here performed on positive and negative reviews separately. A combination of the review titles with their contents, separate tokenization process, applications of various N‐gram, and maintaining stops words (e.g. “not” or “but”) were some other steps considered to improve the performance of the model.
POOR BUDGETARY PERFORMANCE: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT

Abstract: Today there has been a considerable increase in the variety and range of services that state governments in the country are expected to provide in their area. Government at the state level undoubtedly is expected to provide all the necessary social and infrastructural facilities needed by her citizenries at affordable or no cost. But contrary to this, are recorded infrastructural decays, diversion of funds, projects abandonment, wasteful spending, and low standard of living and so on. For a government to thrive and discharge its responsibilities there is the need for proper planning. Planning in the context of public sector begins with budgeting. It is observed that the issue of budgeting has not been taken seriously in Ondo state However, despite the fact that the government prepared budget annually, the government sees it as an annual event and administrative routine exercise and never show recourse to it. The issue in this paper therefore is to look into the causes and implications of poor performance of budget in ondo state. The research was a case study and data were sourced from government workers using a questionnaire. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed and 119 retrieved. Data obtain were analysed using descriptive and empirical analyses. The descriptive analysis employs the use of tables, percentages and charts to describe the characteristics of the responses in the questionnaires. The empirical analysis employs the use of multiple regressions of the ordinary least square and covariance and correlation analyses. The results of the analyses show that factors such as poor planning, fraudulent manipulation, lack of adequate professional knowledge, delay in passage of budget, late release of fund are all responsible for poor budget performance in the state. The implication is that it discourages investors due to poor condition of the state infrastructures, it reduces the standard of living of the people of the state, and it slows down economic development through wasteful spending, extra budgetary spending and debt accumulation.
Supporting Clinician-Scientist Development in Child Psychiatry: A Four-Domain Model for Individual or Programmatic Self-Reflection

Background: The Albert J. Solnit Integrated Training Program (AJSP) is a novel educational initiative designed to prepare physician-scientists for independent careers in the investigation and treatment of childhood psychiatric disorders. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study to explore the impact and active components of the AJSP through hour-long individual interviews of its enrollees and graduates. We were specifically interested in identifying individual or programmatic traits for success that could be replicated elsewhere. As components of our theoretical framework, we used sources on Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) Analysis as applied to healthcare, and on mentorship and career development as pertaining to child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). Results: Thirty-four individuals matriculated into the AJSP between 2004 and 2020, 33 (97%) of whom participated. Through iterative thematic analysis, we developed a model consisting of quadrants resulting from the intersection of a developmental perspective (spanning professional or personal spheres) and a reflective direction (with outward- or inward-facing vantage points). The model can be of practical utility through putative questions that trainees/program leaders could ask themselves by using the four domains as points of departure: (I) Individual: “Is becoming a clinician-scientist right for me? ”/“What traits are we looking for in prospective applicants? ”; (II) Program: “Is this the right program for me? ”/“What is the right balance between structure and freedom for trainees to thrive in? ”; (III) Mentorship: “What is the right number and constellation of mentors for me? ”/“How can we optimize our experience and backgrounds toward the benefit of our trainees? ”; and (IV) Charting Course: “Who do I want to become? ”/“How can we help our charges embrace, find, or reconnect with their true vocation? ” Conclusion: Our analytic approach can help identify, refine, and replicate programs that are urgently needed to increase the workforce of clinician-scientists dedicated to improving the well-being and mental health of children and families. The model we describe can be fruitfully applied to the self-reflection by individuals or program leaders. Although based on a single program with very specific goals, the model could also be applied to other training initiatives within psychiatry—and beyond.
“Liquinert” Process for High-Quality Bulk Single Crystal Growth

Bulk crystal growth technologies originate from the Czochralski (CZ) and Vertical Bridgman (VB) methods developed almost one century ago. Both methods were applied to prepare single crystals of many kind of inorganic materials, for example, semiconductors, halides and many oxides. In the VB process, molten raw materials are wetting the crucible wall easily. This phenomenon causes the sticking of grown crystals with crucibles and often leads to the cracking of the crystal and crucible. These issues prohibit us from obtaining high quality single crystals. Therefore, practical application of VB method is limited only on several materials such as CaF2 and GaAs single crystals. The issue of crucible’s wetting is present in the CZ method as well. For example, the purity of silicon single crystals is degraded from 11N raw material to 5~6N level by the oxygen and carbon contamination caused by the wetting between silicon melt and quartz crucible. These issues are yet to be solved in VB and CZ methods. Many molten materials reach the spherical shape driven by the surface tension when a residual moisture (H2O) is completely removed from the raw material, the crucible, and atmosphere. We denote this condition as the “Liquinert” state meaning “liquid being in an inert state”, non-wetting and non-reactive with the crucible at high temperature. The author has prepared many high-quality bulk crystals of mainly metallic halides and semiconductors, except oxides, by VB method when applying the “Liquinert” process. This technology is applicable to high quality bulk crystal growth of silicon as well as other inorganic materials of huge industrial interest. In this review, the “Liquinert” process, its background, methodology, examples of applications in fundamental research, and practical development are exposed. In addition, we also discuss the future of this industrial process on bulk silicon crystals for semiconductors and solar cells.
UNIVERSIDAD DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍA EXPERIMENTAL YACHAY

The properties of magnetic nanoparticles are closely related to the synthesis methods used in their preparation, which include co-precipitation, thermal, microemulsion, hydro and thermal solvent, polyol, sonochemical, electrochemical, and gas condensation synthesis methods. Furthermore, it is necessary to carry out the functionalization and characterization of the MnNPs surface before they are used for biomedical purposes. Functionalization will improve biocompatibility, selectivity, stability, and reduce cytotoxicity. The structural characterization of the magnetic nanoparticles is necessary to determine size, morphology, surface, and composition that are intimately related to their magnetic properties. The structural characterization is carried out by the following techniques: X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. There are several biomedical applications where magnetic particles are used, such as hyperthermia, tissue engineering, magnetic resonance imaging, biological molecules isolation, cancer treatments, and drug delivery. In drug delivery, nanoparticles play an important role as they help to deliver drugs to specific targets, thus improving the effectiveness of drug administration as chloroquine. Chloroquine is a drug used in treatments against malaria and in some autoimmune diseases, however high doses can cause serious poisoning. For this reason, using a controlled release medium can be highly beneficial, since a smaller dose can be delivered directly at the specific site. The release of chloroquine using magnetic nanoparticles has not been extensively reported. Therefore, this work review the topic and the possible application of coated magnetic nanoparticles for controlled release of chloroquine.
Direction of arrival estimation in multipath environments using deep learning

This article aims to present a novel direction of arrival (DOA) estimation strategy in multipath environments using deep learning. Eigen decomposition‐based algorithms, such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC), have high‐resolution DOA estimation performance, but they fail to work in the case of coherent signals. These algorithms require extensive computation and are difficult to implement in real time. Neural networks (multilayer perceptron [MLP] and radial basis function neural network [RBFNN]) are also applied to DOA estimation problem, and they are found to be faster than the conventional techniques, but they fail to ensure the desired accuracy in multipath environments when the training data set contains a huge number of samples and the number of incident signals was unknown. To enhance the DOA estimation performance, an efficient convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based smart antenna is proposed. This smart antenna is composed of a uniform linear array (ULA), an intelligent DOA estimator, and an efficient adaptive beamformer, and the space is decomposed into five space sectors. The intelligent DOA estimator contains six CNN networks. One network is used as a classifier to select one or more space sectors, and five networks are used to calculate the DOAs of unknown number of coherent or noncoherent incident signals that received in the selected space sectors. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DOA estimator enables reliable DOA estimation despite very challenging multipath environment, and the CNN substantially reduces the CPU time for the DOA estimation computations especially when the number of incident signals is large.
Food Tourism: The Melaka Gastronomic Experience

Food tourism constitutes a revitalising role in tourist enterprise management. In recent years, gastronomic experiences have emerged as strategic commodity in differentiating and branding tourist destinations. Contemporary tourists are seeking authentic gastronomic routes to further enrich their cultural and experiential journeys in their destination choices. In the UNESCO World Heritage City of Melaka, the appeal of unique Malaysian cultural food heritage has also drawn its fair share of food tourists. The potential economic impact of food tourism on the tourism industry is considerably significant. However, the conversion of a region into a differentiated culinary territory is a challenge for tourism destinations. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the mechanism of tourists’ perceived value on the culinary landscape of their destination choice. This study aims to analyse the effects of novelty and online reviews on food tourists’ motivation towards their destination choice in Melaka. The study further explicates the mediating effect of marketing and advertising on novelty and online review. Data were collected in the vicinity of Melaka tourist attractions by means of quota sampling. Identified visitors were intercepted and subjected to e-questionnaires using iPad. A total of 184 samples were collected via this paperless method. Collated data was analysed using SPSS and AMOS. Results from the analyses indicate novelty and online review to have effect on tourists’ motivation. In mediating the indirect effect of marketing and advertising, we found a partial mediation on novelty and motivation but a full mediation on online review and motivation. The study outcome holds practical implications in efforts to establish favourable destination image in Melaka through credible marketing and advertising activities. An improved tourist expectations on destination choices warrants post-experience satisfaction, favourable online reviews, visitors’ loyalty and revisit intentions. In this context, food tourism will be better positioned for sustainable tourism revenue growth.