Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Near-Field Diagnosis of an X-band Telemetry Antenna using Infrared Thermography

This paper presents an example of antenna diagnosis using a measurement device based on infrared thermography. Infrared thermography measurements allow to obtain, in less than one minute, a high resolution near field mapping of the electric field radiated by the antenna under test. In this study, such measurements are performed on an X-band telemetry antenna and allow to quickly identify manufacturing defects by comparing the measurements with numerical results.
Short-term Power Load Forecasting Model Based on CNN-GRU and Dual Attention Mechanism Hybrid Neural Network Model

This paper proposes a CNN-GRU and dual attention mechanism (DAM) hybrid neural network model (CNN-GRU-DAM) for short-time power load forecasting. First, historical data is transformed into a time-series form, and time-series data is used as the input of the model. The relevant time-series features that affect the power load forecasting are extracted through CNN. Then, the extracted time-series features are input into GRU for power load forecasting. The GRU adopts an encoder-decoder framework composed of DAM, where the feature attention mechanism (FAM) is used as an encoder to mine the dynamic correlation between historical data information and the input features. Additionally, the temporal attention mechanism (TAM) is used as a decoder to assign the weights of the hidden state of the GRU to automatically extract key historical temporal information. Finally, actual power load in a certain region is taken as a case to compare the power load forecasting accuracy of CNN-GRU-DAM, CNN-GRU, GRU, and DNN. It is verified that the forecasting mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of CNN-GRU-DAM is 6.55%, which is better than those of CNN-GRU, GRU, and DNN.
Novel Gerber File-based Numerical Modeling and Simulation for Thermal Analysis of Printed Circuit Boards

Printed circuit boards have been commonly used in various power converters covering a wide range of power levels for reliability, low cost, and ease of mass production. Increasing the performance of PCBs used in power converters requires more holistic modeling of their thermal performance. This can be difficult without the use of expensive and complicated software, such as Ansys. This paper presents the development of a novel Gerber file-based numerical modeling and simulation solution for the thermal analysis of PCBs that can be used for analysis and evaluation of the thermal performance of a given PCB design using standard PCB design files. The proposed approach considers both the heat generated by components and the PCB traces. The proposed modeling and analysis allow the researchers and engineers to understand the PCB thermal performance quickly and accurately using the PCB design files that they are familiar with. Hardware results are provided to validate the proposed novel solution with an average error of less than 8% for different PCB design scenarios under various load conditions.
Lyapunov-Based Output Containment Control of Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Systems With Markovian Switching Topologies and Distributed Delays

This paper considers the mean square output containment control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) with randomly switching topologies and nonuniform distributed delays. By modeling the switching topologies as a continuous-time Markov process and taking the distributed delays into consideration, a novel distributed containment observer is proposed to estimate the convex hull spanned by the leaders' states. A novel distributed output feedback containment controller is then designed without using the prior knowledge of distributed delays. By constructing a novel switching Lyapunov functional, the output containment control problem is then solved in the sense of mean square under an easily-verifiable sufficient condition. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Opportunities for Automated E-learning Path Generation in Adaptive E-learning Systems

The need to automate learning paths is caused by an ever-growing need to personalise the learning process. Each student is an individual and has their learning preferences. In addition, it is required to consider changes in the knowledge and skills of the student during training. The article analyses the known methods of adaptation of e-learning and the learning path generation and presents the idea of developing an electronic course structure using a competency tree to ensure the adaptability of parts of electronic educational material in the student's independent work. Mapping the course taking into account and analysing the relationship between topics and test questions to assess student knowledge, reveals the potential for automating feedback, considering student performance. Adaptive solutions are needed to determine the sequence of choosing educational topics, exercises and test questions, taking into account their complexity and the degree of connection between different concepts in the course and depending on the change in the student's knowledge, which ensures effective and successful individual learning.
Analysis of 6T Full Adder using 2T XOR and 2T XNOR Module

Power consumption and delay factors are the main design restrictions in the developing nanometer technology Schematics. The major component of an ALU, or Arithmetic logic unit, of a processor is the full adder. Therefore, altering the Full Adder’s parameters in a significant way will directly affect the ALU’s and then the Processor’s parameters. This paper proposes designing a 6T full adder using 2T XOR and 2T XNOR modules using Cadence Virtuoso GPDK 90nm technology. The 2T XOR and 2T XNOR modules will then be replaced with CPTL logic in the 6T full adder. The 2T XOR module using PTL has the lowest PDP of 109.38 and the 2T XOR module using CPTL has the lowest delay of 7. 17Sps. The conclusion drawn from the parametric analysis of output noise, power consumption, and delay obtained from the proposed circuits will then be presented in this paper.
Study on the Coordination of V-Q Control in Grid Connected System of Renewable Energy Stations

In view of the growing proportion of renewables and power electronics, the operation characteristics of the power system have changed significantly, and the problem of voltage stability is becoming more and more prominent. As the grid connection interface of renewable energy stations (RES), voltage source inverters (VSCs) play a vital role in the progress of voltage-reactive power(V-Q) regulation. The mathematical model of the grid-connected VSC system is established in MATLAB/Sinmulink in the beginning. And then the system’s stability is studied concerning the influence of the outer loop control and different reactive control (QC) strategies by means of root luci analysis. It is concluded that the outer loop impacts the static stability margin of the system deeply, and the small disturbance stability of constant voltage control (CVC) has better preformance than that of constant reactive power control (CQC) under the weak grid. This paper further constructs Thevenin equivalent circuit of grid connected system of RES, analyzes the sensitivity of key electrical quantities according to the mathematical equations, and reveals the mechanism why the stability of the CQC is inferior to the CVC in weak grids and the limitation of outer loop control structure.
A multi-valued epistemic logic

In the last decade there has been a resurgence of work on epistemic logic in artificial intelligence to alleviate the problem of logical omniscience. Among them were the logic of implicit and explicit belief and the logic of awareness. Although these logics have surface dissimilarities, a closer examination shows that they have strong resemblance. In this research, I consider a multi-valued epistemic logic (MEL) which has a unifying semantics that subsumes the semantics of several existing epistemic logics. This formulation is based on the realization that epistemic notions such as implicit belief, explicit belief and awareness can be modeled by restricting the truth assignments of atomic sentences to subsets of truth values in a bilattice. A bilattice is a structure that can be viewed as a class of truth values that can accommodate incomplete and inconsistent information. In bilattice theory, formulas are ordered along two dimensions: truth/falsity and certainty/uncertainty. Subsequently, by adopting a bilattice interpretation, the issue of representing degree of belief can also be addressed. Most of the previously proposed logic for reasoning about knowledge characterize an agent's knowledge base with the two absolute notions of total belief and total disbelief. Unfortunately, restricting to such a dichotomy limits the expressiveness of these logics. In MEL, beliefs of agents are associated with a degree of truth and a degree of certainty. Additionally, this research investigates the issue of employing a model-theoretic approach for examining the validity and provability of sentences in the logic. In particular, it is shown that the validity and provability of a sentence in MEL can be checked in a finite number of steps. This rests on the fact that not only is MEL determined by (or sound and complete with respect to) a class of models, but it is also determined by a class of finite models and there is an algorithm to examine if a sentence is true in these models. A polynomial time model-checking algorithm for determining the satisfiability of a sentence at a particular state in a given model of MEL and for computing the associated degree of truth and degree of certainty of the sentence is also presented. In outline, this dissertation presents a multi-valued epistemic logic that not only has a sound and complete axiomatization and is decidable, but also (i) has a general semantics for representing belief, (ii) provides a means to represent degree of belief and (iii) adopts a model-theoretic approach for characterizing belief.
All-Metal THz Leaky-Wave Antenna with Suppressed Open Stopband

A half-annular corrugated all-metal leaky-wave antenna is designed based on asymmetric unit cells. The adoption of two non-identical perturbations of the metallic profile (i.e., of the groove) for each unit cell is applied to demonstrate the capability of suppressing the open stopband and thus improving the radiative performance when scanning through broadside. The use of trapezoidal grooves, which provide an asymmetric perturbation with respect to the propagation direction of the guided mode, is also considered for the same purpose. An in-house method-of-moments code is implemented and optimized to study the dispersion behavior of the relevant leaky modes, whereas the radiative performance is analyzed by full-wave simulations to validate the scanning behavior of the proposed antenna. The results show that, thanks to the one-sided configuration and a quasi-flat nonzero attenuation constant, a linear scanning behavior and almost constant gain through broadside can be achieved at terahertz frequencies with all-metal compact structures.
Overview and Prospects of Facility Planning and Operation for Low-carbon Power and Transportation Networks

As global energy systems move towards carbon neutrality, it is essential to prioritize the low-carbonization of transportation networks. On the basis of the extant literature, relevant policies and future development trends, we conclude that the coupling and coordination of power and transport systems plays a leading role. On the one hand, transportation networks represents a flexible power consumer that connected to the power grid via devices such as electric and hydrogen fuel vehicles, as well as charging stations. Moreover, they can provide auxiliary support to the power grid. On the other hand, the power grid can mitigate the impact of random charging behavior through time-of-use electricity pricing, compensating for disruptions in time and space. This article provides an overview of the low-carbon transition of transportation networks that are aimed at achieving carbon neutrality goals. The coupling of energy and transportation systems is introduced, focusing on infrastructure planning, and summarizing operational technology optimization.
Phased Array Antenna with Near-Hemisphere Scanning Coverage

An X-band planar phased array with near-hemisphere scanning coverage is proposed in this paper, which makes use of three metamaterials as ultra-wide-angle impedance matching (UWAIM) layer. The UWAIM layer is equivalent to a network model to help analyze impedance matching characteristics, in which multiple 1-port and 2-port networks are cascaded together. Eventually, the proposed phased array achieves a near-hemisphere scanning coverage of ±85° in arbitrary planes with voltage standing wave ratio below 3.3 in the operating band of 8 ~ 12 GHz.
Calibrated Design of Beam-Steerable Antennas Fed by Varactor-Based Phase Shifters

An accurate calibration procedure is proposed for a single-feed beam-steerable antenna controlled by varactor-based phase shifters working in differential pairs. The calibration is based on the performance curve of every phase shifter measured from dedicated sampling points on the circuit. A fast selection algorithm based on multi-objective optimization is employed to obtain the control voltages for all differential phase shifter pairs, according to the required phase differences. The final control voltages for a particular beam configuration are validated and fine-tuned on-board at the sampling points. To verify the effectiveness of this procedure, calibrated null-scanning of an 1 × 4 array is demonstrated. The calibrated array can realize null-scanning from -30° to 30° with a null-depth smaller than -21 dB and a null-position tolerance less than 2.5° from 4.75 to 5.25 GHz. These experimentally validated results suggest that the proposed calibration procedure is accurate for beam-scanning arrays fed by varactor-based phase shifters.
A Triple-Mode Dual-Polarized Metasurface Antenna for 5G Terminal Applications

This paper presents a triple-mode dual-polarized metasurface antenna with high isolation for fifth-generation (5G) terminal applications. The proposed antenna consists of a 4 × 4 nonuniform metasurface radiator and a cross-shaped feeding probe. Based on the theory of characteristic modes (TCM), the resonance potential of the different characteristic modes (CMs) is discussed for the proposed nonuniform metasurface radiator. By combining the differential-fed scheme, three pairs of degenerate modes can be excited to realize wide impedance bandwidth. Meanwhile, the independent tuning characteristics for the three resonances are also achieved. The simulated results show the proposed dual-polarized antenna with a low profile of 1.8 mm can cover 3.3-4.2 GHz with 45 dB isolation, which is promising to be applied to the dielectric back cover of 5G mobile devices.
Propagation Study in a Dense Urban Environment at the Sub-THz Band for Future Wireless Communications

This paper presents the preliminary results of a propagation study at sub-THz frequencies considering line-of-sight (LOS) links in a dense urban environment. Path loss and wideband parameters are estimated and assessed through a deterministic simulation, using a software tool and a high-resolution digital map of the area. The study reveals that in street canyons reliable coverage can be provided up to 237 m at 140 GHz, provided that directional antennas are exploited in both terminals. In open spaces using omnidirectional and directional antennas at the terminals, wireless links can be established up to 140 m. The path loss can be predicted accurately by the close-in (CI) model, yielding path loss exponents 2.1 and 1.7, and standard deviations 2.2 and 1.8 dB, for open space and street canyons, respectively. Finally, the delay spread of the channel is found in the range of 2.7-24.0 ns, whereas the supported coherence bandwidth varies from 53 up to 178 MHz, thus indicating the frequency selective characteristics of the propagation channel.
Minimum Deviation Controller for 3 Level Flying Capacitor Boost Converters

This paper introduces a dual-mode controller for multi-level flying capacitor boost converters that provides mini-mum possible voltage deviation, seamless mode transitions, and the flying capacitor size reduction. These advantages are obtained by modifying the switching sequence during transients. The modification eliminates a potential delay in the output capacitor charge recovery and, at the same time, decouples the flying capacitor, eliminating large current spikes through it. The operation of the controller is verified with a $V_{IN}\in[1.5V, 5V]$ - to $V_{OUT}=10V$, 250kHz, 30W experimental prototype.
Design of a Gap Waveguide Based Unit Cell for 1-D Beam Scanning Application at W-band

In this paper, we present a 1-D scanning slot array unit cell column based on ridge gap waveguide technology which can be a good candidate for wide scanning antenna applications at 100GHz. A parametric analysis of the proposed model is organized to demonstrate the merits and potential performance. Simulated data in terms of H-plane pattern and impedance bandwidth as well as the scanning characteristics has been investigated for the unit cell column of slot array. Also, design concerns regarding manufacturing issues and corresponding mechanical challenges have been taken into account while doing the electromagnetic design. The chosen unit cell which consists of a column of slot array works with 6-16% impedance bandwidth and achieves a scanning up to ± 60o in one dimension.
A bidding Optimization Framework of District Energy Systems under Market Environment

In the process of energy market integration, it is difficult for the regional energy system to make bidding decisions to ensure its own benefits in a market environment with multiple competitors, and how to cooperate with the regional power system to better integrate into market operations. This paper begins by establishing the fundamental mathematical model of the microgrid and analyzing the many properties of its controllable units. Second, in an effort to cut costs, a model of the regional energy system is constructed with energy optimization as its central focus. This market clearing model highlights the characteristics of free market competition and independent and decentralized decision-making; finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a numerical case studies.
Development of 3D Printed Metallic Lenses

The research presented in this paper reports, for the first time the development of a 3D printed metallic lens for mm-wave applications, fabricated using Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The metallic lens has been designed, simulated, and fabricated for use at E-band. The paper studies the focusing effect of both a 3D Plano-concave and a Biconcave metallic lenses, and focusses towards development of metallic lenses, through 3D printing. Furthermore, the paper also highlights design and manufacture challenges of such 3D printed lenses. Potential applications include horn antennas with an in-built metallic lens, as an alternative to parabolic reflectors or dielectric lens horn antennas for 5G applications.
Blockchain Technology Based Energy Collaborative Carbon Reduction Power Trading Model

The problems of untimely information circulation and mismatch between supply and demand of renewable energy power in China have led to high proportion of traditional energy, high carbon emission and low welfare of both sides of renewable energy power trading. To this end, this paper constructs an energy collaborative carbon-reducing power trading system integrating blockchain, improves the utility function of power users by using blockchain technology, and proposes an energy collaborative carbon-reducing power trading model integrating blockchain. The blockchain is used to integrate energy information and help the electricity supply and consumption sides to match electricity effectively. Finally, the simulation can prove that the model can improve the electricity energy structure of the electricity users, increase the proportion of renewable energy electricity consumption and reduce carbon emissions.
Compact Quarter-Mode SIW Self-triplexing Antenna for C-band and X-band Applications

An ultracompact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based triplexing antenna operating at three independent frequencies of 4, 7.8, and 10.68 GHz is proposed in this study. It is consisting of two miniaturized Square-shaped quarter-mode SIW (SQMSIW) resonators and one triangular one (TQMSIW). Their miniaturization was accomplished by inserting rectangular slots at the closed ends of each resonator, resulting in an increased shunt capacitance. As a result, the resonance frequencies were shifted to the lower end of their fundamental frequencies. The proposed design has a dimension of just 0.08 $\lambda _g^2$. Furthermore, the lowest attainable isolation level was as low as 27.5 dB. At the design frequencies, the highest realized peak gains were 4.9, 5.43, and 5.3 dBi at 4, 7.8, and 10.68 GHz, respectively. The final design has been fabricated, and the simulation findings agree well with the measured ones. In terms of independent frequency tuning functions, the proposed design demonstrated its versatility. This was accomplished simply by varying the length of the capacitive slots, making it a viable choice for compact multi-band wireless communication systems.
Investigation of a FSS Inspired Printed Monopole Antenna with Gain Enhancement for 5G Applications

There is a high demand for effective RF front-ends that offers strong circular polarization (CP) features & are feasible from design front with high CP antenna gain, strong radiation, and consistent antenna efficiency to properly utilise RF signals that are present in the ambient RF environment. So, a frequency selective surface (FSS)-inspired CP printed monopole is reported. It attains a broadened CP with the fractional bandwidth > 10%, CP peak gain of 7.98 dBic, directional radiation pattern with nice 3-dB angular beamwidth in the desired operating bands, along with an improved front-to-back ratio (FBR) within the admissible limits. The attained outcomes matched with performance trade-off obtained from state-of-the-art reviewed antenna designs. In addition to, comprehensive design is reported for the widespread solution of the limitation, which is usually faced by monopole antennas in sub-6 GHz bands.
Novel DPWM Method with Suppression of the Voltage Unbalance in the Neutral-Point for Vienna Rectifier

This paper proposes discontinuous Pulse-Width Modulation (DPWM) method for Vienna rectifier with mitigation of the voltage unbalance in the neutral-point. Vienna rectifier is greatly stable and well-established topology for high power transmission system. However, since Vienna rectifier has the circuit structure that each phase leg and mid-point of dc-link capacitor are connected, DC and AC voltage unbalance can occur at the neutral-point. In the proposed method, fluctuation of the neutral-point voltage is analyzed based on space-vector diagram. Based on the analysis, one of the three-phase reference voltages is selected as clamped phase for suppressing the AC voltage unbalance. Furthermore, DC unbalance can be suppressed by applying the modulation method which considers the difference between dc-link top voltage and bottom voltage. In addition, mathematical prediction of the neutral-point voltage fluctuation is presented for applicating the proposed method regardless of the accuracy of the dc-link voltage sensor. The performance and validity of the proposed method is verified by simulations.