Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modification of the bonded interface in silicon-on-insulator structures under thermal treatment in hydrogen ambient

Results of a comparative charge deep-level transient spectroscopy study of Si/SiO2 interfaces in silicon-on-insulator structures prepared by wafer bonding and hydrogen slicing, and subsequently annealed in a hydrogen ambient in the temperature range of 430 to 670 °C are described. The trap transformations at the bonded interface are strongly discriminated from passivation of traps at the Si/thermal SiO2 interface. The nature of traps at the bonded interface is found to differ from that of traps at the Si/thermal SiO2 interface. Heat treatments at T>430 °C are shown to induce significant changes in virgin spectra of traps at bonded interfaces due to the generation of traps.
An adapted boundary element method for the Dirichlet problem in polygonal domains

The interior Dirichlet problem for Laplace’s equation is associated with the exterior Dirichlet problem obtained by taking the same boundary data. Then the solution may be expressed as the simple layer potential of the charge distribution q on the boundary $\Gamma $. q is the solution of a coercive variational problem on $\Gamma $ that can be solved numerically by a boundary element Galerkin method. Unfortunately the optimal order of convergence is not reached with an uniform mesh because of the singularities of q in the neighborhood of the vertices. Here it is proved that this optimal order can be restored by grading the mesh judiciously.
On the Enumeration of Mayer Cluster Integrals

Polarization of -Mesons Scattered by Mercury G E Brown, L R B Elton and F Mandl On the mutual cancellation of cluster integrals in Mayer's fugacity series H N V Temperley The Equation of State of a Gas of Elastic Spheres H N V Temperley The equation of state of a simple classical liquid H N V Temperley The Mayer Theory of Condensation Tested Against a Simple Model of the Imperfect Gas H N V Temperley Application of the Mayer Method to the Melting Problem H N V Temperley On the Asymptotic Behaviour of the Mayer Cluster Series in the Antiferromagnetic Problem H N V Temperley On the Enumeration of Mayer Cluster Integrals
Improving Person-Fit Assessment by Correcting the Ability Estimate and Its Reference Distribution.

The standardized log-likelihood of a response vector (lz) is a popular IRT-based person-fit test statistic for identifying model-misfitting response patterns. Traditional use of lz is overly conservative in detecting aberrance due to its incorrect assumption regarding its theoretical null distribution. This study proposes a method for improving the accuracy of person-fit analysis using lz which takes into account test unreliability when estimating the ability and constructs the distribution for each lz through resampling methods. The Type I error and power (or detection rate) of the proposed method were examined at different test lengths, ability levels, and nominal α levels along with other methods, and power to detect three types of aberrance—cheating, lack of motivation, and speeding—was considered. Results indicate that the proposed method is a viable and promising approach. It has Type I error rates close to the nominal value for most ability levels and reasonably good power.
Investigation of Droplet Size Distributions and Drizzle Formation Using a New Trajectory Ensemble Model. Part I: Model Description and First Results in a Nonmixing Limit

Abstract A novel trajectory ensemble model of a stratocumulus cloud is described. In this model, the boundary layer (BL) is fully covered by a great number of Lagrangian air parcels that during their motion can contain either wet aerosols or aerosols and droplets. The diffusion growth of aerosols and droplets, as well as drop collisions, is accurately described in each parcel. Droplet sedimentation is taken into account, which allows simulation of precipitation formation. The Lagrangian parcels are advected by the velocity field generated by the turbulent-like flow model obeying turbulent correlation laws. The output of the numerical model includes droplet and aerosol size distributions and their moments, such as droplet concentration, droplet spectrum width, cloud water content, drizzle content, radar reflectivity, etc., calculated in each parcel. Horizontally averaged values are calculated as well. Stratocumulus clouds observed during two research flights (RF01 and RF07) in the Second Dynamics and Chemi.
Relaxed plasma–vacuum states in cylinders

The variational principle for relaxed toroidal plasma-vacuum systems with pressure is applied to axially periodic circular cylinders. More precisely, equilibria with cylindrical symmetry are investigated for their potential to be a relaxed state. Such equilibria are characterized by their pinch ratio μ, the jump δ of the pitch angle of the magnetic field across the plasma-vacuum interface, a constant plasma pressure β, and the ratio l of wall radius over interface radius. In the limit of an infinitely long cylinder, the necessary and sufficient condition for the equilibrium to be a relaxed state defines one or two intervals of allowed values of the pinch ratio μ, which depend still on the other parameters. These intervals are contained in the interval known from Taylor's theory, but are generally smaller. They shrink with increasing plasma pressure β or increasing radius ratio l. In particular, in the field-free limit case β = 1, for I exceeding the critical value l c 4.983, or for a vanishing δ, these intervals are zero.
Large-eddy simulations of control of a separated flow over a 2D bump by means of pulsed jets

A numerical study of active flow control of a separated converging-diverging channel flow is presented. Several geometrical and operating parameters of the continuous and pulsed jets are investigated using large-eddy simulations (LES), which are highly resolved in the actuation region. The LES without control is validated with a direct numerical simulation of the same flow. Configurations with both counter-rotating and co-rotating jets are tested. The main statistical results are in general agreement with the literature. Thanks to the unsteady highly resolved simulation, both temporal and spatial organizations of the generated vortices are investigated. An optimal frequency associated with the convective time as well as an optimal duty cycle are obtained, leading to a control efficiency comparable to the cases with continuous jets and the same operating velocity and, consequently, to a significant saving in mass flow rate.
Associated Graded Algebra of a Gorenstein Artin Algebra

Gorenstein Artin algebras and duality The intersection of two plane curves Extremal decompositions Components of the Hilbert scheme strata What decompositions $D$ and subquotients $Q(a)$ can occur? Relatively compressed Artin algebras Bibliography List of theorems, definitions, and examples Index.
The Luminous Efficiency of Monochromatic Rays Entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points and a New Colour Effect

It has been found by the writer, in collaboration with B. H. Crawford (1933), that light rays entering the eye pupil near its periphery are less efficient in producing the impression of brightness than rays entering centrally, the patch of retina stimulated (the fovea) being the same in both cases. Reasons were put forward in the paper cited for thinking the effect to be retinal in origin, i. e. due to a variation of visual sensitivity with angle of incidence of the light on the retina, rather than the result of a greater absorption of the peripheral rays in transit through the optic media of the eye. Most of the observations were made with white light and, although the absence of any pronounced coloration of the field illuminated by the peripheral ray indicated that the reduction of apparent brightness could not be very different for different colours, it was considered desirable to test this point directly by observations with monochromatic light throughout the spectrum. In Part I of this paper an investigation on these lines is described from which it appears that for the writer’s eye the ratio of the luminous efficiencies of rays entering centrally and peripherally varies systematically to a limited extent in passing through the spectrum. It was also found that within a considerable range of intensity the value of the ratio for a given wave-length is independent of intensity. Since the publication of the original paper, Dziobek (1934) and Wright and Nelson (1936) have both made measurements confirming the existence of a marked variation of luminous efficiency with point of entry. The latter workers employed white light and coloured lights obtained with the aid of filters. Goodeve (1936) has also measured the effect, in the extreme red.
Cell loss probability for M/G/1 and time-slotted queues

It is common practice to approximate the cell loss probability (CLP) of cells entering a finite buffer by the overflow probability (OVFL) of a corresponding infinite buffer queue, since the CLP is typically harder to estimate. We obtain exact asymptotic results for CLP and OVFL for time-slotted queues where block arrivals in different time slots are i.i. d. and one cell is served per time slot. In this case the ratio of CLP to OVFL is asymptotically (1-ρ)/ρ, where ρ is the use or, equivalently, the mean arrival rate per time slot. Analogous asymptotic results are obtained for continuous time M/G/1 queues. In this case the ratio of CLP to OVFL is asymptotically 1-ρ.
A family of potential–density pairs for spherical galaxies and bulges

A family of spherical potential-density pairs is presented. The densities are proportional to r −4 at large radii and diverge in the centre as r −γ with 0≤γ<3. The models of Jaffe and Hernquist are included as special cases. The gravitational potential is analytical for all γ. For specific values of γ, most of the intrinsic and projected properties, such as distribution function, surface density and projected velocity dispersion, can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. A comparison to the de Vaucouleurs R 1/4 -profile shows that the model with γ=3/2 most closely resembles it in both surface density and distribution function. This particular model is completely analytical, and thus it is the best analytical approximation of the R 1/4 -model known so far
Coupling-reducing k-points for supercell models of defects in three-dimensional photonic crystals

The optimum choice of k-point for supercell calculations of defect states in a three-dimensional photonic crystal is investigated for the case of a supercell with a simple cubic (SC) structure. By using the k-point (1/4,1/4,1/4) it is possible to eliminate the symmetric part of the repeated-image couplings for the first three neighbour shells in the SC lattice. This result is shown to hold also for the case of non-equivalent axes (e.g. a distorted lattice, or an asymmetric defect structure). A specific example of a donor defect in a woodpile structure demonstrates that use of this k-point can lead to order-of-magnitude gains in computational efficiency.
Adaptive Moving Least-Squares Surfaces for Multiple Point Clouds Registration

In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Moving Least-Squares (AMLS) surface based approach for multi-view or multi-sensor point cloud ICP registration. The core idea of this approach is to reconstruct a smooth and accurate surface, e. s. AMLS surface, from a point cloud, without data segmentation and surface model selection, resulting in an accurate point-to-AMLS surface ICP registration. The major difference between AMLS and traditional MLS is that the width of Gaussian kernel is adaptively scaled with the principle curvature, which is defined through local integral invariant analysis. Experimental results of both synthetic data and scanned data from a mechanical part show that the presented approach is more accurate and robust on sensor noise and sample density.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Effects of a Thermistor String Mounted between the Acoustic Beams of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

Abstract A useful extension of upward-looking buoy-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), in particular for studying surface-mixed-layer dynamics from underneath, would be to combine them with a thermistor cable for obtaining simultaneous current and temperature profiles. Measurements with an ADCP, operating at 150 kHz and sampling at 2.2 m vertical bin lengths, were carried out from a barge moored in Lake San Vincente, California, over a water depth of 45 m, to investigate the effects of a thermistor string running along the axis of the instrument between the acoustic beams and held by a small auxiliary float. The biasing effect of the thermistor string itself was only of order 1%. Doppler biasing of the horizontal currents by two different kinds of Coats (one a cylindrical hard foam float with low acoustical reflectivity, the other a hollow sphere) was investigated. The floats were suspended at 15 and 30 m. For floats at 30 m, evidence was not conclusive because of apparent interference by .
A Generic Configurable Error Injection Agent for On-Chip Memories

— Memory reliability testing is indispensable today as errors in memory can cause not only serious hardware system failures but also compromises the safety aspect. System chips contain error detection and correction modules to recover from these soft and hard errors, hence verifying such ECC circuits becomes imperative. All SoCs and memory controllers deal with various types of memory like SRAM, MRAM and Flash Memory. In this paper, we propose a generic and configurable UVM agent, which can simulate error injection on any type of memory. It can scale up with different address and data widths. It is capable of doing single, double, multi bit error injection using march, and scan test patterns for the entire address space. This standardizes an approach for verification of ECC blocks, and saves time on individual implementation of scenarios.
The 4 to 8 micron spectrum of the galactic center

Observations of the complex Sgr A W(N) with a 28-arcsec beam and 1.5% spectral resolution are reported. Neither unidentified absorption features at 6.0 and 6.8 microns nor emission features at 6.2 and 7.7 microns were detected. The absence of the absorption features demonstrates that they are not characteristic of general interstellar extinction. The absence of emission features suggests that there is considerable distance between the ionized gas and the molecular clouds. The absence of 6.2- and 7.7-micron emission features also suggests that a feature previously seen at 3.3-3.4 microns is an absorption at 3.4 microns, and this absorption is apparently characteristic of interstellar extinction. The strength of the forbidden Ar II emission indicates an overabundance of argon. CO absorption seen at 4.67 microns indicates that saturation effects are not large, and there is evidently a large velocity dispersion in the line of sight to the infrared sources.
On the origin of the light elements (Z<6)

The author reviews the status of our understanding of nucleosynthesis of the light nuclei ([ital Z][lt]6). The standard view today is that these elements are, for the most part, generated by two different processes: first, thermonuclear reactions in the early universe (big-bang nucleosynthesis or (BBN), and second, galactic cosmic-ray-induced spallation reactions (GCR) in cold interstellar atoms. A third contribution comes from stellar processes. The arguments in favor of this view are presented. Numerous astrophysical and cosmological implications are discussed, such as the baryonic density, the possible existence of baryonic dark matter and of nonbaryonic (exotic) matter, the constraints imposed on new particle physics, the leptonic number of the universe, the increase in cosmic entropy since primordial nucleosynthesis, and the constancy of the constants'' of physics.
THREE DIMENSIONAL PALLETIZATION OF MIXED BOX SIZES

The pallet loading problem has historically been addressed in two-dimensions by attempting to maximize the pallet area utilized in each loading layer. This paper investigates a constrained version of three-dimensional pallet loading problem with mixed box sizes. This loading method allows many boxes of various sizes to be placed onto the same pallet. A restriction is placed on the number of boxes of each size that can be loaded. The modeling procedure presented converts the three-dimensional pallet loading problem into a standard mixed 0-1 integer programming model. The solution procedure for the formulated model is also described.
PHONON SPECTRUM OF SUPERCONDUCTING AMORPHOUS BISMUTH AND GALLIUM BY ELECTRON TUNNELING.

The phonon spectra for amorphous Bi and Ga are derived by using McMillan's inversion program on our tunneling data. The results indicate an extreme "softening of the phonon spectrum" from what is found for crystalline superconductors. Parameters derived from our phonon spectra are used to test recent theories of the transition temperature of amorphous and strong-coupling superconductors, and also to test the McMillan equation for the maximum possible transition temperature in the limit of extremely strong coupling.
Partitioning based Approach for Finite State Machine State Encoding Targeting Low Power

State encoding is one of the most crucial steps in the synthesis of finite state machines. Due to the enhanced emphasis on low power circuit design, state encoding strategies targeting low power consumption are sought after. Other approaches try to solve the problem by partitioning the FSM into two sub-FSMs, -this generally require larger register area. This paper utilizes the concept of state partitioning to solve the state-encoding problem. Experimental results show that even without physically partitioning the FSM into sub-FSMs, the scheme results in 48.89% power reduction over NOVA [1] and 26.64% lesser power than GA-D [2] which is directed towards low power state encoding.
Design of virtual topology reconfiguration of wavelength-routed network

This paper studies the problem of virtual topology reconfiguration for changing traffic patterns in wavelength-routed network. We formulate it as an optimization problem, which tries to find out the virtual topology with least lightpath changes with network performance within given bound, when traffic demand imposed on wavelength-routed network changes. Average Packet Hop Count (APHD) is used to measure the degree of network performance. A linear formulation is presented and solved by MILP (Mixed Integer Linear Programming) method. Then we analyze the relationship between lightpath changes and degradation degree of performance. It can be seen that a large cost reduction for reconfiguration can be achieved by giving up a small amount of network performance.
ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES WITH PROBABILITY 1 FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL RANDOM WALKS IN A RANDOM ENVIRONMENT

Random walks in a random environment are considered on the set of integers when the moving particle can go at most steps to the right and at most steps to the left in a unit of time. The transition probabilities for such a random walk from a point are determined by the vector . It is assumed that the sequence is a sequence of independent identically distributed random vectors. Asymptotic properties with probability 1 are investigated for such a random process. An invariance principle and the law of the iterated logarithm for a product of independent random matrices are proved as auxiliary results.
A New Cometary Nebula in Cygnus

CCD images, surface polarimetry, and long-slit spectrograms of a hitherto unknown cometary reflection nebula associated with a dense dust cloud are presented. A bright, compact Herbig-Haro object is embedded in its brightest part. The highly reddened illuminating star of about 3-5 solar masses is located near the apex of the nebula; it emits a collimated bipolar high-velocity flow whose blueshifted component feeds the Herbig-Haro object. The redshifted component can be traced toward the interior of the dark cloud, where the density exceeds 100,000/cu cm. 20 references.
Application of a general relativistic accretion disk model to LMC X-1, LMC X-3, X1608 - 522, and X1636 - 536

The persistent X-ray spectra of black hole candidates and X-ray bursters are compared with a model spectrum of an accretion disk around either a black hole or a neutron star. The model takes account of general relativity and assumes that the accretion disk is geometrically thin and in a steady state. This general relativistic model is compared with other conventional model spectra that have been used to fit observations so far. It is shown that the general relativistic model, in shape, is quite similar to the multicolor disk model and the Sunyaev-Titarchuk Comptonization model. These conventional models are used to perform spectral fitting analysis on the black hole candidates LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 and on the X-ray bursters X1608 - 522 and X1636 - 536 using the general relativistic model. As a result, the lower limit of the masses of LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 and the probable masses of X1608 - 522 and X1636 - 536 are obtained. The former masses are larger than the theoretical upper limit of the neutron star mass, 2.5 solar masses, and the latter masses are consistent with the canonical neutron star mass, 1.4 solar mass. 38 refs.
Coalescence as a hiatus resolution strategy in chiKaranga – a dialect of chiShona

This article focuses on how chiKaranga resolves vowel hiatus through coalescence. ChiKaranga has an absolute ban on vowel hiatus and it employs five strategies, namely, glide formation, secondary articulation, elision, spreading and coalescence to resolve it. These strategies occur in phonologically and morphosyntactically determined complementary distribution. Glide formation, secondary articulation, elision and spreading operate within a Prosodic Word (Lexical Level). Glide formation, secondary articulation and elision have a unique relationship; they occur in nominals at the prefix-stem boundary. Spreading occurs in verbs at the Prosodic Stem boundary. Coalescence is the preferred strategy across a Prosodic Word boundary, precisely across a host-clitic boundary (Postlexical Level), and it involves the elision of V1 with the preservation of the feature [open] that is passed onto the following vowel. In chiKaranga, coalescence occurs when the clitic is minimally a CV syllable. When the clitic is monosegmental, coalescence is blocked and spreading, which preserves the identity of the monosegmental clitic operates.
Use of ZnO thin films as sacrificial templates for metal organic vapor phase epitaxy and chemical lift-off of GaN

Continued development of GaN-based light emitting diodes is being hampered by constraints imposed by current non-native substrates. ZnO is a promising alternative substrate but it decomposes under the conditions used in conventional GaN metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). In this work, GaN was grown on ZnO/c-Al2O3 using low temperature/pressure MOVPE with N2 as a carrier and dimethylhydrazine as a N source. Characterization confirmed the epitaxial growth of GaN. The GaN was lifted-off the c-Al2O3 by chemically etching away the ZnO underlayer. This approach opens up the way for bonding of the GaN onto a support of choice.