Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three Essays on Mobile Application Developers' Product Offering Strategies

In the recent years, mobile applications (apps) have been immensely changing the way of communication, socialization, work, and recreation through mobile devices. Mobile app developers usually face challenges in product offering decisions. In the dissertation, I study app developers’ product offering decisions when facing the setting of multiple platforms, in-app purchase (IAP), and in-app advertisement (IADV). Various analytical models are constructed in order to capture different conditions faced by app developers. In the first essay, an analytical framework is developed to address a product offering problem for an app developer that introduces paid or free apps in a twoplatform market. When offering a paid app, I find that the developer should launch the product in the more profitable platform that has relative advantages in user base and willingness to pay; whether the developer should launch the same app in a second platform depends on the app launching cost. I find that launching free apps in both platforms is a better choice as long as users are tolerant to advertisements in the app. If users are not tolerant to advertisements, the developer should launch the app in the more profitable platform. Furthermore, I find that if users’ disutility sensitivity to advertisement is very small, it is better to introduce the free app rather than the paid app. In the second essay, I consider mobile app developers’ product versioning decisions by focusing on IAP. Should a developer provide consumers an app (free or paid) with IAP option in one platform (e.g., Android or iOS), and how should it design and price the basic app and IAP? I find that the answer to the former question is “it depends”, although in most situations offering IAP is a better choice. I also compare forward-looking and myopic strategies and show that the former always outperforms the latter. In the third essay, I focus on app developers’ decision on the frequency of displaying ads to current users; also, I examine app developers’ revenue model selection. From app developers’ perspective, I show that under information asymmetry condition it is possible to figure out the optimal ad frequency. Furthermore, “trial and then free without ads” (TF) strategy is always suboptimal. “Trial and then paid” (TP) strategy is dominant if market size is small; otherwise, “trial and then free with ads” (TFA) strategy is dominant. The welfare analysis suggests that any of the above three strategies can result in the highest total welfare depending on market size and users’ attributes.
4 out of 5 Students Surveyed Would Recommend this Activity (Comparing Chewing Gum Flavor Durations)

This paper describes an interactive activity developed for illustrating hypothesis tests on the mean for paired or matched samples. The activity is extended to illustrate assessing normality, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, Kaplan-Meier survival functions, two-way analysis of variance, and the randomized block design. Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher's website.
Learning to Vectorize Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

We explore a novel approach for handling loop vectorization automatically and propose an end-to-end solution using deep reinforcement learning (RL). We conjecture that deep RL can capture different instructions, dependencies, and access patterns to enable learning a sophisticated model that can better predict the actual performance cost and determine the optimal vectorization factors when compared against the currently used ﬁxed-cost models that rely on heuristics. We develop an end-to-end framework, from code to vectorization, that integrates deep RL in the LLVM compiler. Our proposed framework takes benchmark codes as input and extracts the loop codes. These loop codes are then fed to a loop embedding generator that learns an embedding for these loops. The learned embeddings are used as input to a Deep RL agent, which dynamically determines the vectorization factors for all the loops.We evaluate our approach against the currently used LLVM vectorizer and loop polyhedral optimization techniques. Our experiments show 1 . 29 × − 4 . 73 × performance speedup compared to baseline and only 3% worse than the brute-force search on a wide range of benchmarks.
& Creed, T. (2016). Does education influence the acceptability of faecal microbiota transplantation in colitis: A cross-sectional study. Cogent Medicine (1),

: Objectives : Dysbiosis can have a profound effect on the health of the individual and is considered to be a contributing factor to many health problems such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Clostridium difficile infection. Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is potentially a safe method of renewing the ecology and correcting the dysbiosis, so alleviating the associated conditions. This study aims to identify any barriers to the acceptability of FMT in colitis patients and whether these barriers can be overcome through education. Methods : An unsolicited online survey distributed via Crohn’s and Colitis (CCUK) to approximately 900 members suffering from colitis. Results : 224 responses were received, a response rate of 25%. 36.2% ( n = 81) of respondents were male. The age range of participants was 19–81 years (mean 45.1). After the demographic and medical status questions, participants were asked “Does FMT sound acceptable to you? ” Out of the respondents that answered this question only 37.1% ( n = 78, 43.2% of these being male) agreed with this statement, with the remainder answering no ( n = 40) or unsure ( n = 92). After various questions and explanations examining the process of FMT, individuals were asked this question again with 53.6% ( n = 105, 59.7% of these being male) stating that this procedure was now acceptable ( p < 0.001). Conclusion : The acceptability of FMT was found to be low but can be improved with the provision of information.
YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ -CeO 2 -YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ Multilayers Grown by Reactive Co-Evaporation on Sapphire Wafers

—High- T C superconductor thin ﬁlm heterostructures were deposited using reactive co-evaporation for dual layer electronic applications. The epitaxial structure consisted of 35-nm YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ (YBCO), 75-nm CeO 2 , 150-nm YBCO, and 20-nm CeO 2 on r -plane sapphire wafers. The critical temperature was measured to be 83.6 K and 84.8 K for the bottom and top YBCO layers, respectively. Atomic force microscopy reveals smooth sur- faces with RMS roughness of the top YBCO layer to be 4.7 nm. The CeO 2 insulating layer exhibited hopping conduction that freezes out at low temperature, making these structures suitable for electrical circuits with isolated ground planes.
Motor unit recruitment and global EMG estimates

The surface interference EMG signal provides some information on the neural drive to muscles. However, the 25 association between neural drive to muscle and muscle activation has long been debated with controversial 26 indications due to the unavailability of motor unit population data. In this study, we clarify the potential and 27 limitations of interference EMG analysis to infer motor unit recruitment strategies with an experimental 28 investigation of several concurrently active motor units and of the associated features of the surface EMG. For 29 this purpose, we recorded high-density surface EMG signals during linearly increasing force contractions of the 30 tibialis anterior muscle, up to 70% of maximal force. The recruitment threshold (RT), conduction velocity 31 (MUCV), median frequency (MDF MU ) and amplitude (RMS MU ) of action potentials of 587 motor units from 13 32 individuals were assessed and associated to features of the interference EMG. MUCV was positively associated 33 with RT (R 2 = 0.64 ± 0.14) whereas MDF MU and RMS MU showed a weaker relation with RT (R 2 = 0.11 ± 0.11; 34 0.39 ± 0.24, respectively). Moreover, the changes in average conduction velocity estimated from the interference 35 EMG predicted well the changes in MUCV (R 2 = 0.71), with a strong association to ankle dorsi-flexion force (R 2 = 36 0.81 ± 0.12). Conversely, both the average EMG MDF and RMS were poorly associated to motor unit 37 recruitment. These results clarify the limitations of EMG spectral and amplitude analysis in inferring the neural 38 strategies of muscle control and indicate that, conversely, the average conduction velocity could provide relevant 39 information on these strategies.
Large magnetocaloric effect in Sm0.52Sr0.48MnO3 in low magnetic field

This letter reports on the magnetocaloric properties of Sm0.52Sr0. 48MnO3 single crystal. A magnetic field of only 1T yields a change in the magnetic entropy by 5.9J∕(kgK) at TC (=124K), which is higher than those observed in several other perovskite manganites and rare earth alloys of comparable TC. This change originates from a sharp magnetization jump, associated with a first-order metamagnetic transition. Such a large change in entropy at a low magnetic field makes this material useful for magnetic refrigeration.
Evaluation of Methotrexate Toxicity and its Association with ABCB1 Genetic Polymorphism in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) is the most common type of hematologic malignancy in children. Based on COG protocol, one of the treatments for these children is methotrexate. Methotrexate has many complications in Pediatrics. Nowadays, the relationship between gene mutations and complications of each drug are discussed. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacogenetics of methotrexate with emphasis on ABCB1 gene and its implications for the treatment of ALL children in Kurdistan province. Methods: Blood samples were obtained from children with ALL, and then DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed with approximately 300μMol / μL of each direct primer in the �nal volume of 50µL. The PCR method was used to amplify the ABCB1 gene and the reaction products were identi�ed by 0.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The length of the PCR fragments was con�rmed by observation by UV-Trans-illuminator. Moreover, blood and liver toxicity in all patients treated with methotrexate were measured by measuring leukocyte counts, platelets, neutrophil percentages, hemoglobin, alanine transaminase activity, and aspartate trans Aminase was evaluated. Results: In the present study, 81 children with ALL (36 females and 45 males) with a mean age of 6.32 ± 3.08 years old were examined. The ABCB1 1199 G->A gene mutation frequency and the ABCB1 3435 C->T gene mutation frequency was 4.9 and 70.4%, respectively. The results showed no statistically signi�cant difference between leukopenia, gastrointestinal toxicity, renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia in cases having homozygous heterozygous ABCB1 3435 C->T and ABCB1 1199 G->A mutant polymorphisms than those having ordinary polymorphism. Conclusion: Overall, it seems that C3435 T, G1199A, and ABCB1 are not signi�cant MTX toxicity markers in pediatric ALL cases.
Robotics rehabilitation of the elbow based on surface electromyography signals

Physical rehabilitation based on robotic systems has the potential to cover the patient’s need of improvement of upper extremity functionalities. In this article, the state of the art of resistant and assistive upper limb exoskeleton robots and their control are thoroughly investigated. Afterward, a single-degree-of-freedom exoskeleton matching the elbow–forearm has been advanced to grant a valid rehabilitation therapy for persons with physical disability of upper limb motion. The authors have focused on the control system based on the use of electromyography signals as an input to drive the joint movement and manage the robotics arm. The correlation analysis between surface electromyography signal and the force exerted by the subject was studied in objects’ grasping tests with the purpose of validating the methodology. The authors developed an innovative surface electromyography force–based active control that adjusts the force exerted by the device during rehabilitation. The control was validated by an experimental campaign on healthy subjects simulating disease on an arm, with positive results that confirm the proposed solution and that open the way to future researches.
Prevention and management of occupational sharp injuries among health care workers at secondary care hospitals in Sri Lanka

Health care workers are at risk of exposure to infections like Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus and other blood-borne pathogens due to accidental exposure to contaminated sharp objects. The objective of this study was to improve the knowledge and practices among health care workers on management and prevention of occupational sharps injuries at secondary care hospitals in Galle district, Sri Lanka. Validated questionnaires, key informant interviews and checklists were developed to determine the existing system and current Knowledge and practices among health care workers. A training programme with the multimodal interventions was developed to address the gaps in the knowledge, practice, and existing system. Health care workers (n=139) were included in this project. The study was conducted as three components. Post-test sample was compared with pre-test sample by using paired t-test. The level of knowledge was significantly increased among nursing officers (p=<0.05) and health care assistants (p=<0.05), but not among medical officers. The level of practices was significantly improved in all health care workers in the post-test sample (p=<0.05). The participants checked for Hepatitis B antibody level (p=<0.05) and the number immune to Hepatitis B (p=<0.05) was increased significantly after intervention. According to the qualitative part of the study, the overall mechanism available to manage and prevention of OSIs at those institutions was also improved after the intervention. The results show the ability to improve the knowledge and practices on occupational sharp injuries among health care workers by planned training and improve the system through a multimodal approach.
Comparative studies on phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of Zehneria scabra (Linn. F) Soud and Zehneria maysorensis (Wight & Arn.) Leaves

The present study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, methanol and water extracts of Zehneria scabra and Zehneria maysorensis . The preliminary phytochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloid, tannin, saponins, phenol, flavonol glycosides, cardiac glycosides, phytosterol, fixed oils and fats, gums and mucilage. A dose dependent antioxidant activity was observed in case of extracts. Phenolics (36.6 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g extract), tannin (21.6 g GAE/100 g extract), and flavonoid content (67.5 g rutin equivalents/100g extract) were found to be highest in acetone extract. Zehneria scabra and Zehneria maysorensis both methanol extract showed maximum antioxidant activity in DPPH (21.6 and 40.87 µg/mL), ABTS cation radical scavenging activity (66923.6 and 71958.3µmol TE/g extract). Hence, Zehneria can be a valuable source for antioxidant and seemed to be applicable in medicine.
Convergent Functional Genomics of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation Identiﬁes Multiple Autoinhibitory Signaling Circuits (cid:1)

Inadequate remyelination of brain white matter lesions has been associated with a failure of oligoden- drocyte precursors to differentiate into mature, myelin-producing cells. In order to better understand which genes play a critical role in oligodendrocyte differentiation, we performed time-dependent, genome- wide gene expression studies of mouse Oli-neu cells as they differentiate into process-forming and myelin basic protein-producing cells, following treatment with three different agents. Our data indicate that different inducers activate distinct pathways that ultimately converge into the completely differentiated state, where regulated gene sets overlap maximally. In order to also gain insight into the functional role of genes that are regulated in this process, we silenced 88 of these genes using small interfering RNA and identiﬁed multiple repressors of spontaneous differentiation of Oli-neu, most of which were conﬁrmed in rat primary oligodendrocyte precursors cells. Among these repressors were CNP, a well-known myelin constituent, and three phosphatases, each known to negatively control mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. We show that a novel inhibitor for one of the identiﬁed genes, dual-speciﬁcity phosphatase DUSP10/MKP5, was also capable of inducing oligodendrocyte differentiation in primary oligodendrocyte precursors. Oligodendrocytic differentiation feedback loops may therefore yield pharmacological targets to treat disease related to dysfunctional myelin deposition.
MINIREVIEW Ecology and Evolution as Targets: the Need for Novel Eco-Evo Drugs and Strategies To Fight Antibiotic Resistance (cid:1) †

In recent years, the explosive spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among pathogenic, commensal, and environmental bacteria has reached a global dimension. Classical measures trying to contain or slow locally the progress of antibiotic resistance in patients on the basis of better antibiotic prescribing policies have clearly become insufﬁcient at the global level. Urgent measures are needed to directly confront the processes inﬂuencing antibiotic resistance pollution in the microbiosphere. Recent interdisciplinary research indicates that new eco-evo drugs and strategies, which take ecology and evolution into account, have a promising role in resistance prevention, decontamination, and the eventual restoration of antibiotic susceptibility. This minire- view summarizes what is known and what should be further investigated to ﬁnd drugs and strategies aiming to counteract the “four P’s,” penetration, promiscuity, plasticity, and persistence of rapidly spreading bacterial clones, mobile genetic elements, or resistance genes. The term “drug” is used in this eco-evo perspective as a tool to ﬁght resistance that is able to prevent, cure, or decrease potential damage caused by antibiotic resistance, not necessarily only at the individual level (the patient) but also at the ecological and evolutionary levels. This view offers a wealth of research opportunities for science and technology and also represents a large adaptive challenge for regulatory agencies and public health ofﬁcers. Eco-evo drugs and interventions constitute
Design Optimization of an Electric Variable Transmission for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

An electric variable transmission (EVT) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is investigated in this paper. With a special double rotor structure, the EVT splits and reintegrates the output power of the internal combustion engine (ICE) to run at its optimum working efficiency. However, the high electromagnetic coupling degree causes torque ripple and affects the dynamic performance of the EVT. After introducing the configuration and working principle, the torque mathematical model of the EVT in an ABC three-phase coordinate system is proposed to analyze the cause of this torque ripple. Besides, a finite element method-based (FEM) structural optimization design for reducing the torque ripple and improving the working stability is presented. The magnetic field distribution, induced voltage and torque property validate the rationality of optimization.
Cerebrovascular Neurosurgery in Evolution: The Endovascular Paradigm TRAINING IN VASCULAR NEUROSURGERY TRAINING IN VASCULAR NEUROSURGERY

Endovascular technique represents an important, minimally invasive approach to treating cerebrovascular disease. In this article, we discuss the origins of endovascular neurosurgery as a discipline in the context of important technical milestones, evidence-based medicine, and future cerebrovascular neurosurgical training. Cerebrovascular neurosurgery has seen a steady, convergent evolution toward the surgeon capable of seamless incorporation of open and endovascular approaches to any complex vascular disease affecting the central nervous system. Neurosurgery must assume the leadership role in the multidisciplinary neurovascular team.
Microarray better drugs by MICROARRAY Microarray

Microarray analysis allows the elucidation of biological processes and pathways on a genomic scale.This revolutionary technology promises an unprecedented view of drug action and side reaction, the ability to identify drug targets and optimise lead compounds, the capacity to predict patient responsiveness vis-à-vis patient genetics in advance of clinical trials, and an opportunity to minimise side-effects and risk factors following drug approval.A new era of safer and more efficacious personalised pharmaceuticals leading to a disease-free world are anticipated in light of this sweeping technological advance.
On the application of a condition of strong upper Ahlfors regularity to potential theory

Gatto [4] has extended to the context of measure metric spaces several results of the theory of integral operators by assuming that the underly-ing measure satisﬁes a condition of upper Ahlfors regularity, i.e. , that the measure of a ball can be controlled from above by a power of the radius (a condition that includes non-doubling measures). See also García-Cuerva and Gatto [1], [2], Gatto [3] for related results. Here we assume a stronger version of the upper Ahlfors regularity condition that still includes non-doubling measures and show a corresponding continuity statement for singular integral operators. As an application, we prove a continuity property of the integral operator that is associated to the double layer potential in Hölder spaces.
The design and delivery of hybrid PBL sessions in Moodle

— in this study we provide a technical support for teachers to practice problem-based learning (PBL) in their real learning sessions at schools, universities, or any other learning environment. The provided support would enable teachers to dynamically instantiate PBL sessions based on a PBL meta-model. The PBL meta-model include the definition of all possible elements within a PBL process which are phase, activity, resource, tool, and artifact. It is originally built based on the best existing PBL practices and well-known models. The process of practicing a PBL session involves two steps, the first is designing a PBL session and the second is delivering the session into students to execute it in a learning environment. In this study we choose to provide the PBL technical support within an environment where both teachers and learners are familiar with, this is instead of a standalone environment which would be time and effort consuming for them to use. A Learning Management System (LMS) called Moodle was extended in this study to support PBL as it is commonly used in many universities and schools with a comfortable plugin mechanism for developer. We developed a complete Moodle plugin called (PBL lesson plan) that support the design and delivery of PBL sessions or PBL lesson plans with different view privilege for both teacher and student. The wide usage of Moodle would increase the usage of our developed plugin. The developed PBL lesson plan plugin was tested and evaluated positively by teachers and students in real sessions conducted at Qatar University.