Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ACOUSTIC ESTIMATES OF KRILL BIOMASS IN THE ELEPHANT ISLAND AREA: 1981 - 1993

Acoustic estimates of krill biomass in the vicinity of Elephant Island are presented for the years 1981 to 1993 (with the exception of 1982 and 1986). Estimates for 1981 to 1991 are based on previous reports adjusted for the recently proposed definition of krill target strength (Greene npe~c~asne~b~ aKycTaqecKHe oqeHKH ~HOM~CC~I Kpmx B paio~e o-sa 3neaa~~ B nepnon c 1981 no 1993 rr. (sa mxnIoveHHeM 1982 H 1986 rr.). OU~HKH 1981-1991 rr. OCHOBaHbI Ha PaHee nOJIy4eHHbIX ,QaHHbIX, CKOPpeKTllPOBaHHbIX C YYeTOM HeAaBHO npennome~~ofi BenlivliHbr cunbI qenu KplinsI (Greene et al., 1991). Oqe~~li ~NOMBCC~I HaxonxTcrr B npejqenax OT 267 X 103 TOHH (~ap~lanpenb 1985 r.) no 4 880 X 103 TOHH (5I~Bapb 1993 r.), a OqeHKH IIJIOTHOCTH ~HOM~CC~I HaXOjqIITCR B IIpeAenaX OT 2,s r/M2 no 134,s r/M2. CP~AHRII 6ao~acca H CpeAHaX IIJIOTHOCTb 3a ~~-J'I~THH~ lIepHOn - 1 703 X 103 TOHH U 53,2 r/M2. Resumen
Land use mix and daily mobility. The case of Bordeaux (In French)

The question of the urban form-daily mobility interaction was recently renewed. The model of the Compact City aims at increasing densities to decrease the use of the automobile. However, the density-mobility interaction is questioned in the polycentric city : on one’s hand, suburban employment centers produce original kinds of travel, such as cross-commuting or multi-prupose travelling ; on the other hand, they facilitate co-location of jobs and housing. That’s why the reflexion on the urban form-mobility interaction goes through the quantitative aspects of urban form (density) to qualitative ones : the diversity of land use. The idea is that land use mix brings the origin and the destination of the trips closer. In this paper, we make a distinction between two types of diversity : the functional one (i.e. the jobs-housing balance) and the economic one. Both may have an impact on daily mobility. We apply this question to the case of the metropolitan area of Bordeaux. In a first step, we test a general urban form model : we notice a significant impact of the degree of diversity on travel behaviour. Thus we are led to question about the influence of the type of diversity on travel patterns. We comment these results thanks to the location behaviour of the firms according to their activity.
BEY‹N KORTEKS‹NDE YAfiLANMAYA BA⁄LI DE⁄‹fi‹KL‹KLER‹N FONKS‹YONEL, B‹L‹fiSEL, YAPISAL VE F‹ZYOLOJ‹K AÇIDAN KR‹T‹K DE⁄ERLEND‹RMES‹ CRITICAL REVIEW: AN ASSESSMENT OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF CEREBRAL CORTEX FROM THE VIEW OF FUNCTIONAL, COGNITIVE, STRUCTURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Hacettepe Üniversitesi T›p E¤itimi ve Biliflimi Anabilim Dal› ANKARA ABSTRACT Some changes and developments occur in aging in human life. These developments can be in both anatomical and cognitive direction. Especially in the brain, structural, neurochemical, functional and physiological changes take part regionally or as a whole. In the last decade, scientists found certain types of changes including cortical thinning, shrinkage and synaptic loss. In these studies, although there are supplementary and supporting findings, some studies are in contradiction for special changes. But in general, most of the studies showed that the biggest changing and most of the changing types occurs in prefrontal cortex and this region is very important for understading the aging. In this subject, brain reorganization may be the most complicated problem for the scientists and there are different approaches for this problem. In this study, a critical review of cerebral cortex’s age-related changes was done in the means of different areas like functional, cognitive, structural and physiological. Also sections of development of the brain, major age-related changes in the brain and age-related regional changes were given for doing a comparison among the studies.
The Ogallala Aquifer

The Ogallala Aquifer covers approximately 10,000 square miles from Texas to the Dakotas, and is a major source of water for the High Plains. Unfortunately its water is being used faster than it is being replenished, and the result is predicted by many to be serious eco-centric pressure on the area in the not so distant future. Ths paper critically examines the impacts of the increasing use of the Ogallala-- with specific focus on the situation in the Oklahoma Panhandle region, and the possibility of adopting sustainable development practices to curb the increasing aquifer water depletion and deterioration. The first section of this paper is the introduction to the subject. The next section peruses Ogallala water conditions and quality issues, and examines how and why the aquifer is in its present state. Past studies conducted in thls area are also briefly covered. A case study of the prevailing Ogallala water situation in the Oklahoma Panhandle area will be presented in the third section. The fourth section discusses adoption of sustainable development practices by farmers in the affected areas in lieu of absolute dependence on irrigation practices, and the last section summarizes the paper with a note of warning about ultimate water depletion.
Adversarial attacks via backward error analysis

Backward error (BE) analysis was developed and popularized by James Wilkinson in the 1950s and 1960s, with origins in the works of Neumann and Goldstine (1947) and Turing (1948). It is a fundamental notion used in numerical linear algebra software, both as a theoretical and a practical tool for the rounding error analysis of numerical algorithms. Broadly speaking the backward error quanti-ﬁes, in terms of perturbation of input data, by how much the output of an algorithm fails to be equal to an expected quantity. For a given computed solution (cid:98) y , this amounts to computing the norm of the smallest perturbation ∆ x of the input data x such that (cid:98) y is an exact solution of a perturbed system: f ( x + ∆ x ) = (cid:98) y . Up to now, BE analysis has been applied to numerous linear algebra problems, always with the objective of quantifying the robustness of algebraic processes with respect to rounding errors stemming from ﬁnite precision computations. While deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved an unprecedented success in numerous machine learning tasks in various domains, their robustness to adversarial attacks, rounding errors, or quantization processes has raised considerable concerns from the machine learning community. In this work, we generalize BE analysis to DNN. This enables us to obtain closed formulas and a numerical algorithm for computing adversarial attacks on input data and on DNN’s parameters. By construction, these attacks are optimal, and thereby smaller, in norm, than perturbations obtained with existing gradient-based approaches. We produce numerical results that support our theoretical ﬁndings and illustrate the relevance of our approach on well-known datasets.
WORKING PAPER WORK HARD OR PLAY HARD? DEGREE CLASS, STUDENT LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

We investigated the impact on first hiring outcomes of two main curriculum vitae (CV) characteristics by which graduates with a tertiary education degree distinguish themselves from their peers: degree class and extra-curricular activities. These characteristics were randomly assigned to 2,800 fictitious job applications that were sent to real vacancies in Belgium. Academic performance and extra-curricular engagement both enhanced job interview rates by about 7%. The effect of a higher degree class was driven by female (versus male) candidates and candidates with a master’s (versus a bachelor’s) degree. We did not find evidence for these CV characteristics to be substitutes or to reinforce each other’s effect.
LEMLEM W ORKING P APER S ERIES Best-Response Dynamics, Playing Sequences, and Convergence to Equilibrium in Random Games

We analyze the performance of the best-response dynamic across all normal-form games using a random games approach. The playing sequence—the order in which players update their actions—is essentially irrelevant in determining whether the dynamic converges to a Nash equilibrium in certain classes of games (e.g. in potential games) but, when evaluated across all possible games, convergence to equilibrium depends on the playing sequence in an extreme way. Our main asymptotic result shows that the best-response dynamic converges to a pure Nash equilibrium in a vanishingly small fraction of all (large) games when players take turns according to a ﬁxed cyclic order. By contrast, when the playing sequence is random, the dynamic converges to a pure Nash equilibrium if one exists in almost all (large) games. JEL codes : C62, C72, C73, D83.
Fisher Digital Publications Fisher Digital Publications

Abstract Objective:Objective: To highlight the added value of bilingual Hispanic pharmacists in the care of Hispanic patients by sharing their patients’ language and culture. Summary:Summary: Inability to speak and/or write in the patients’ native language severely impairs our best efforts to deliver good health care. This is a widely recognized cause of non-compliance or less than favorable possible health outcomes in Hispanic patients. What has received less attention, however, is that the ability to speak Spanish alone may not remove completely the barrier for non-compliance among Hispanics. Bilingual Spanish–English pharmacists do not have the language barrier, but if they do not recognize and accept cultural differences, their impact in their patients’ response may still be limited. Conclusion:Conclusion: It is time to recognize the added value of Hispanic pharmacists to Hispanic patients’ health outcomes. Understanding and sharing a culture allows the pharmacist to make medication education and interventions relevant to the patient and spark interest in their own health care. Thus, in caring for the health of our patients, cultural barriers may be more challenging to conquer than language barriers; deep appreciation and acceptance of our patients’ belief system cannot be acquired by just reading about it, having a computerized program, or hiring an interpreter.
Education and Training Implementation in Order to Sme ’ s Empowerment in Lumajang Regency Agil

This research aims to know (1) the description of MSME condition in Lumajang Regency, (2) the efforts by regional government of Lumajang Regency for the MSME empowerment, (3) education and training contribution to improve MSME performance in Lumajang Regency, and (4) supporting and inhibiting factors in the Education and Training Implementation in Order to MSME empowerment in Lumajang Regency. This research uses qualitative research design by descriptive approach. The key informants are functional officers of Industry and Trade Office, Head of Cooperative Office SME and SME, owner of UD. Burno Sari, owner of UD. Dwi Tunggal and owner of UD. Nikmat Rasa in Lumajang Regency. The data collection is by observation, interview and documentation. The research results show that the efforts by regional government of Lumajang Regency in order to MSME empowerment are by; (a) Financing, (b) facility and infrastructure facility, (c) Business Information, (d) business licensing, (e) business opportunity, (f) trade promotion and institutional support. The Education and Training Contribution conducted by the Industry and Trade Office and SME Cooperative Office to improve MSME performance in Lumajang Regency have been succeeded in developing the MSME starting the business from the micro scale until reaching the small and medium scale reviewed from the increase of sales earnings.
Evaluating the Effects of Fluvial Tailings Deposits on Water Quality in the Upper Arkansas River Basin, Colorado: Observational Scale Considerations

Four different scales of observation were used to evaluate the potential effects of a fluvial tailings deposit on water quality along the flood plain of the upper Arkansas River south of Leadville, Colorado. First, we collected surficial material and subjected it to batch water-leaching tests. Second, we excavated and leached an intact eight-inch-diameter core. Third, we examined the water quality of the shallow ground water beneath the fluvial tailings deposit; and fourth, we monitored water quality along a 5-km reach of the adjacent Arkansas River. Leaching of surficial samples indicates that there is a reservoir of readily water-soluble material yielding elevated metal concentrations and high acidity. However, there are minimal measurable water-quality effects of the fluvial tailings deposit on the adjacent reach of the Arkansas River.
Evaluation of High-Resolution WRF Model Simulations of Surface Wind over the West Coast of India

Abstract This paper presents results from a statistical validation of the hindcasts of surface wind by a high-resolution-mesoscale atmospheric numerical model Advanced Research WRF (ARW3.3), which is set up to force the operational coastal ocean forecast system at Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS). Evaluation is carried out based on comparisons of day-3 forecasts of surface wind with in situ and remote-sensing data. The results show that the model predicts the surface wind fields fairly accurately over the west coast of India, with high skill in predicting the surface wind during the pre-monsoon season. The model predicts the diurnal variability of the surface wind with reasonable accuracy. The model simulates the land-sea breeze cycle in the coastal region realistically, which is very clearly observed during the northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon season and is less prominent during the southwest monsoon season.
Just Look:The Beneﬁts of Gaze-Activated Voice Input in the Car

Voice interaction provides a natural and efﬁcient form of communication with our cars. Current vehicles require the driver to push a button or to utter an artiﬁcial keyword before they can use speech input. This limits the potential nat-uralness and efﬁciency of voice input. In human communication, we usually use eye contact to express our intention to communicate with others. We conducted a user study with 25 participants that investigated gaze as a means to activate speech input while being occupied with a primary task. Our results indicated a strong dependency on the task. For tasks that refer to information on the screen, gaze activation was superior to push-to-talk and keyword, but it was less valuable if the task had no relation to screen content. We conclude that gaze cannot replace other modes for activation, but it can boost efﬁciency and user experience for display related tasks
Stomatal characteristics of greening plant species in response to different urban atmospheric environments in Xi'an, China

The research involved the examination of variations in stomatal traits: stomatal density (SD), stomatal length (L) and width (W), guard cell length (L g ), stomatal pore surface (SPS), relative stomatal pore surface (RSPS), theoretical minimal stomatal resistance (R s ), stomatal shape coefficient (SSC) and potential conductance index (PCI) in Ligustrum lucidum and Ligustrum quihoui under different urban atmospheric environments. The changes in stomatal characteristics were measured at 22 locations in Xi’an (China), classified into four levels of pollution areas, i.e., comparatively pollution-free area (CPF), light pollution areas (LP), medium level pollution areas (MLP) and serious pollution areas (SP). SD, RSPS and PCI significantly increased from CPF towards more polluted areas (LP, MLP, SP), while the variations of L, W, SPS, R s , SSC and L g were dependent on plant species. L, L g and R s of Ligustrum lucidum increased in polluted areas (LP, MLP, SP) in comparison with CPF, whereas the reverse trends were observed for Ligustrum quihoui. Decreases in W, SSC and SPS of Ligustrum lucidum were observed in parallel with the increasing degree of pollution. However, Ligustrum quihoui showed the reverse trends. The changes of stomatal characteristics under different urban atmospheric environments and different plant species showed diversely adaptive abilities. An increase in stomatal density leads to an optimal adjustment for control of gas exchange in general and the entrance of pollutants through stomata in particular. Therefore, stomatal characteristics, especially SD, RSPS and PCI, are assumed to be potentially good bioindicators for urban habitat quality.
Patterns of Neural Network Functional Connectivity Associated With Mania/Hypomania and Depression Risk in 3 Independent Young Adult Samples

Key Points Question Are there objective, reproducible neural markers that can distinguish mania/hypomania from depression risk? Findings In 3 independent samples comprising 299 young adults, neural response patterns differentially associated with mania/hypomania and depression risk were identified and replicated. Greater bilateral amygdala–left amygdala functional connectivity was associated with greater mania/hypomania and depression risk, and greater bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex–right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functional connectivity and greater right caudate deactivation were associated with greater mania/hypomania and depression risk, respectively. Meaning Neural markers reliably associated with mania/hypomania and depression risk may help identify young adults at risk of bipolar disorder and provide treatment targets for early interventions.
Movie Tourism—A New Form of Cultural Landscape?

Tourism originally was perceived as visitors travelling, whether within their own country or internationally, for pleasure. However, over the years, tourism has evolved into different components and labels. One is Movie Tourism. Although people have travelled due to novels they have read or historical occurrences, it would appear that movies based on these aspects have increased visitation. It would seem that Movie Tourism could be a new form of cultural landscape. Over time the appeal of destinations has grown and altered from the preconception that movies portray to audiences. It could further be perceived that Movie Tourism is connected to nostalgia and identity. A yearning for what life was or should be like, creating identities within historical settings, imaginary and/or factual. This paper is a discourse on the aforementioned and the tourist dollar value that Movie Tourism contributes to a country's economy.
The Aspergillus fumigatus UPR is variably activated across nutrient and host environments and is critical for the establishment of corneal infection

The Aspergillus fumigatus unfolded protein response (UPR) is a two-component relay consisting of the ER-bound IreA protein, which splices and activates the mRNA of the transcription factor HacA. Spliced hacA accumulates under conditions of acute ER stress in vitro, and UPR null mutants are hypovirulent in a murine model of invasive pulmonary infection. In this report, we demonstrate that a hacA deletion mutant (ΔhacA) is furthermore avirulent in a model of fungal keratitis, a corneal infection, and an important cause of ocular morbidity and unilateral blindness worldwide. Interestingly, we demonstrate that A. fumigatus hacA is spliced in infected lung samples, but not in the cornea, suggesting the amount of ER stress experienced by the fungus varies upon the host niche. To better understand how the UPR contributes to fungal cell biology across a spectrum of ER-stress levels, we employed transcriptomics on the wild-type and ΔhacA strains in glucose minimal media (low stress), glucose minimal media with dithiothreitol (high stress), and gelatin minimal media as a proxy for the nutrient stress encountered in the cornea (mid-level stress). These data altogether reveal a unique HacA-dependent transcriptome under each condition, suggesting that HacA activity is finely-tuned and required for proper fungal adaptation in each environment. Taken together, our results indicate that the fungal UPR could serve as an important antifungal target in the setting of both invasive pulmonary and corneal infections.
Upland rice genomic signatures of adaptation to drought resistance and navigation to molecular design breeding

Summary Upland rice is a distinctive drought‐aerobic ecotype of cultivated rice highly resistant to drought stress. However, the genetic and genomic basis for the drought‐aerobic adaptation of upland rice remains largely unclear due to the lack of genomic resources. In this study, we identified 25 typical upland rice accessions and assembled a high‐quality genome of one of the typical upland rice varieties, IRAT109, comprising 384 Mb with a contig N50 of 19.6 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis revealed upland and lowland rice have distinct ecotype differentiation within the japonica subgroup. Comparative genomic analyses revealed that adaptive differentiation of lowland and upland rice is likely attributable to the natural variation of many genes in promoter regions, formation of specific genes in upland rice, and expansion of gene families. We revealed differentiated gene expression patterns in the leaves and roots of the two ecotypes and found that lignin synthesis mediated by the phenylpropane pathway plays an important role in the adaptive differentiation of upland and lowland rice. We identified 28 selective sweeps that occurred during domestication and validated that the qRT9 gene in selective regions can positively regulate drought resistance in rice. Eighty key genes closely associated with drought resistance were appraised for their appreciable potential in drought resistance breeding. Our study enhances the understanding of the adaptation of upland rice and provides a genome navigation map of drought resistance breeding, which will facilitate the breeding of drought‐resistant rice and the “blue revolution” in agriculture.
The safety and efficacy of double microcatheter technique in small and tiny ruptured aneurysms: A single center study.

Objective Double microcatheter technique (dMC) can be the alternative to Single microcatheter technique (sMC) for challenging cases, but there is lack of studies comparing dMC to sMC especifically for small ruptured aneurysms. Our objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of dMC to sMC in treating small (≤5 mm) and tiny (≤3 mm) ruptured aneurysms. Methods This study focused on 91 out of 280 patients who had ruptured aneurysms and underwent either single or double microcatheter coil embolization. These patients were treated with either single or double microcatheter coil embolization. We divided the patients into two groups based on the procedural method and evaluated clinical features and outcomes. Subgroup analyses were conducted specifically for tiny aneurysms, comparing the two methods, and within the dMC group, we also examined whether the aneurysm was tiny or not. In addition, univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of coil packing density. Results The mean values for most outcome measures in the dMC group were higher than those in the sMC group, but these differences did not reach statistical significance (coil packing density, 45.739% vs. 39.943%; procedural complication, 4.17% vs. 11.94%; recanalization, 8.3% vs. 10.45%; discharge discharge modified Rankin Scale (mRS), 1.83 vs. 1.97). The comparison between tiny aneurysms and other sizes within the dMC group did not reveal any significant differences in terms of worse outcomes or increased risk. The only factor that significantly influenced coil packing density in the univariate logistic regression analysis was the size of the aneurysm (OR 0.309, 95% CI 0.169-0.566, p=0.000). Conclusions The dMC proved to be a safe and viable alternative to the sMC for treating small ruptured aneurysms in challenging cases.