Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isotopic and geochemical characterisation of the Cambrian Kanmantoo Group, South Australia: implications for stratigraphy and provenance

The Early Cambrian Kanmantoo Group of southeastern South Australia is a thick marine succession of immature and predominantly turbiditic sandstone and mudstone, and metamorphic equivalents, that was deposited within a continental-margin delta and submarine-fan complex. Deposition was very rapid and occurred just prior to the onset of deformation and metamorphism by the Delamerian Orogeny. The Kanmantoo Group contrasts with older units of the Adelaide Rift Complex (Adelaide Geosyncline) in terms of sedimentary facies, rapidity of deposition, composition and provenance. Importantly, the Kanmantoo Group represents the earliest appearance in Australia of a sedimentary sequence characterised by the ‘Pan-Gondwanaland’ detrital-zircon signature. Here we present geochemical and Nd–Sr isotope data for sandstone–mudstone pairs collected throughout the Kanmantoo Group. Interestingly, sandstone–mudstone pairs do not have a consistent polarity in terms of their ϵNd values. This argues against simple mixing/unmixing between two distinct sediment components and suggests a more complex and incompletely mixed multicomponent provenance. There appears to be an abrupt change in isotopic character within the Backstairs Passage Formation in the mid-Kanmantoo Group. Although the origin of this change remains problematic, an overall shift to more negative ϵNd(t) numbers up-section may reflect progressive exhumation of the provenance region(s) and accessing of increasingly ancient materials. Based on detrital-zircon signature the Kanmantoo Group must be sourced from an area containing abundant 0.7–0.5 Ga magmatism, with other components supplying ‘Grenvillian’ (1.2–0.9 Ga) and older zircons back to about 3.5 Ga. Large latest Neoproterozoic to Early Paleozoic orogenic and magmatic belts include the Ross Orogen in Antarctica and the Prydz–Leeuwin Belt on the inferred former suture between East Antarctica, India and Western Australia. The former is closer, but lacks known magmatism older than 0.55 Ga. The latter appears to be a more suitable provenance based on the zircon signature, and our Nd data show significant overlap with some existing datasets from along this belt. Recent suggestions that equivalent rocks may extend beneath the central East Antarctic ice sheet (including the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains) may provide a more geographically suitable location, particularly from the perspective of paleocurrent data, but are not testable with our present dataset.
Arthropod succession on pig carcasses in southeastern Nigeria

O porco branco (Sus scrofa) foi usado como modelo para o estudo da sucessao de Artropodes em cadaveres em zonas sombreadas e nao sombreadas por arvores no sul da Nigeria. Nos cadaveres em decomposicao em zonas sombreadas observou-se um processo de decomposicao mais lento que nos expostos ao sol; 24,5 e 16,5 dias, respectivamente. Foram observadas quatro etapas de decomposicao; fresco (autolise), intumescido (putrefacao), deteriorado e seco (diagenese). Nao foram observadas diferencas significativas de tipo e padrao nas infestacoes dos cadaveres por Artropodes em ambas as condicoes. Foram registradas quatro classes de Artropodes: insetos, aranhas (Arachnida), Diplopodes e Crustaceos. Os insetos foram a classe predominante representada por 24 familias no total de 94% das coletas. Para cada uma das tres classes restantes registrou-se apenas uma familia no total de 2% das coletas. As moscas das familias Calliphoridae, Phoridae e Sarcophagidae tomaram lugar e desenvolveram-se nos cadaveres apenas algumas horas apos a morte dos animais. As familias de coleopteros surgiram na fase de putrefacao e alimentaram-se de insetos dipteros jovens e dos proprios cadaveres. As formigas (Hymenoptera) ocorreram em grande numero para se alimentar dos cadaveres e usurpar, a restante fauna presente, a fonte de alimento. Na fase de deterioracao desenvolveram-se nos cadaveres uma especie de Diptera da familia Muscidae e uma de Stratiomydae. Outros insetos dipteros e artropodes surgiram para se alimentar dos cadaveres sobretudo na fase de deterioracao. O ponto de maior riqueza de especies (S) foi registrado na fase de deterioracao dos cadaveres.
Timing of the Antarctic cold reversal and the atmospheric CO2 increase with respect to the Younger Dryas Event

The transition from the Last Glacial to the Holocene is a key period for understanding the mechanisms of global climate change. Ice cores from the large polar ice sheets provide a wealth of information with good time resolution for this period. However, interactions between the two hemispheres can only be investigated if ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica can be synchronised accurately and reliably. The atmospheric methane concentration shows large and very fast changes during this period. These variations are well suited for a synchronisation of the age scales of ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. Here we confirm the proposed lead of the Antarctic Cold Reversal on the Younger Dryas cold event. The Antarctic cooling precedes the Younger Dryas by at least 1.8 kyr. This suggests that northern and southern hemispheres were in anti‐phase during the Younger Dryas cold event. A further result of the synchronisation is that the long‐term glacial‐interglacial increase of atmospheric CO2 was not interrupted during the Younger Dryas event and that atmospheric CO2 changes are not necessarily dominated by changes in the North Atlantic circulation.
Atmospheric blocking and winter mid-latitude climate variability

Atmospheric blocking is a mid-latitude weather pattern that describes a quasi-stationary, long-lasting, high-pressure system that modifies the westerly flow, blocking (or at least diverting) the eastward movement of the migratory cyclones. Blocking events can have major impacts on the mid-latitude weather, sometimes leading to extreme events as cold spells in winter or heat waves in summer. In this thesis, Northern Hemisphere winter blocking and its impacts on mid-latitude climate are analyzed through the introduction of a set of new bidimensional diagnostics based on the geopotential height that provide information about the occurrence, the duration, the intensity and the wave breaking associated with the blocking. We are able to distinguish among three main categories of blocking: one placed at low latitudes over the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, unable to block or divert the flow. A second one is detected at high latitude occurring over Greenland and North Pacific, north of the jet stream and dominated by cyclonic wave breaking. Finally a third category is defined as the traditional mid-latitude blocking, and it appears as being only localized over Europe and driven by anticyclonic wave breaking. We address the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the blocking occurrence, showing that blocking over Greenland (Greenland Blocking, GB) is not only a key element to describe the NAO index, but it is essential also to modulate its pattern. Consistent with this, we link the eastward displacement of the NAO pattern observed in the recent years to the decreasing frequency of Greenland Blocking. On the other side, we notice that blocking events over Europe (European Blocking) are not correlated with the NAO. We also analyze the relationship between the Atlantic eddy driven jet stream displacements and blocking occurrence. We find that Greenland Blocking is linked with the equatorward displacements of the jet stream, while European Blocking is associated with poleward displacements of the jet (and only in some case it leads to a split flow). In order to quantify the potential impacts of blocking changes in the future, global longterm climate projections from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) are analyzed. This is performed in order to understand the reasons behind the biases of the models and to evaluate the predicted change in blocking frequency and its pattern of variability in the next century. The majority of the state-of-the art models still exhibit large biases especially over Europe. In future climate scenario, the blocking frequency is predicted to decrease in association with an intensification and a reduction of variability of the Atlantic and Pacific jet streams.
Fijnstofemissie uit stallen: biggen = Dust emission from animal houses: piglets

In dit onderzoek zijn de emissies bepaald van fijnstof (PM10 en PM2,5) uit biggenstallen. Additioneel zijn de emissies van ammoniak, broeikasgassen en geur bepaald.In this study emissions of fine dust (PM10 and PM2.5) from houses for weaned piglets were determined. In addition, emissions of ammonia, greenhouse gases and odour were determined.
Machine learning for risk ranking of component failure

This master thesis investigates the use of machine learning for predicting and assessing the risk of railway vehicle component failures. Data used for failure prediction often comes with limitations due to the complex nature of maintenance or sometimes requires investments for the extraction of information. Instead of real-time data, historical data and failure timestamps, easily accessed by organisations, are examined to see if they have the potential to contribute to a more effective maintenance strategy. Datasets used in maintenance often contain censored data and to overcome this problem survival machine learning models were also examined. Therefore both traditional machine learning models and survival machine learning models were evaluated and compared based on their C-index value. The results demonstrate that the survival machine learning models, which incorporate the risk and time-to-event aspects of the data, performed better than the traditional ones regarding the risk ranking of components. Random survival forest had the best result, and a ranking of important features. These findings indicate that there is a potential for survival machine learning, applied to existing historical data used for risk assessment for components failure.
Modern and Pleistocene large‐sized benthic foraminifers from Tahiti, French Polynesia, collected during IODP Expedition 310

This paper reports the fauna and distribution of large‐sized benthic foraminifers (LsBFs; defined as benthic foraminifers >0.5 mm in size) from surface sediments collected around Tahiti, French Polynesia, as well as from the Pleistocene deposits drilled off the Tiarei area, Tahiti, during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 310. At least 6 and 22 genera of living and dead tests of LsBFs, respectively, were identified from modern surface sediments. Foraminiferal abundance in surface sediments depends mainly on the water depth and substratum type. The taxonomic composition of dead LsBF assemblages varies with depositional environments and water depths. Back‐reef lagoon assemblages are dominated by Schlumbergerina alveoliniformis, whereas fore‐reef slope and shelf assemblages are dominated by Amphistegina spp. The relative abundance of Amphistegina lessonii decreases with increasing water depth. On the shelf, A. lessonii is replaced by Amphistegina bicirculata and Planostegina sp. Pleistocene samples consisting mainly of volcaniclastic sandstone/siltstone and skeletal grainstone contained very small numbers and low species diversity of fossil LsBFs. Amphistegina lobifera, Heterostegina depressa, and Eponides repandus were commonly found in the Pleistocene samples. The taxonomic compositions showed little variation within holes. The Pleistocene assemblages were compositionally similar to those found in modern fore‐reef slope environments of <30 m depth. Combined results of coral U/Th ages and paleoenvironmental interpretations from in situ corals and LsBFs indicate that the Pleistocene sequence in the Tiarei area was deposited in a fore‐reef slope environment during Marine Isotope Stage 3.
Position Statement of the Spanish Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology on Provocation Tests with Aspirin / Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Short title : Oral , bronchial and nasal provocation tests with aspirin

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used throughout the world. They are frequently involved in hypersensitivity reactions, which range from local or mild reactions to systemic and severe reactions. Consequently, it is necessary to perform an exhaustive study of patients in order to make an accurate diagnosis, search for safe procedures in the case of severe reactions, and identify alternative treatment options. Various guidelines and protocols address the management of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, although these vary widely from country to country. The Committees of Asthma, Rhinoconjunctivitis, and Drug Allergy of the Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (SEAIC) propose the present position statement on available options for challenge testing with aspirin/NSAIDs. This document is the fruit of an exhaustive review of current evidence and is based on recent publications addressing the diagnosis of patients with hypersensitivity to NSAIDs and on a consensus-oriented discussion among a group of experts from the SEAIC. The main objective has been to draft an easy-to-read, practical guideline for health care professionals in specialist areas who assess and manage patients with suspected hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Furthermore, indications, contraindications, and procedures for oral, bronchial, and nasal provocation tests with aspirin/NSAIDs have been updated.
Tomographic Full Waveform Inversion (TFWI) by Extending the Velocity Model along the Time-lag Axis

The extension of the velocity model along the subsurface-offset axes enables to define a tomographic full waveform inversion that converges robustly towards high-resolution velocity models. However the resulting numerical algorithms are extremely expensive and their performance is uncertain when transmitted events (e.g. diving waves) are present in the data. We discuss the advantages of extending the velocity model along the time-lag axis instead of the subsurface offsets. This extension leads to a linearization of the wave equation that overcomes the well-known limitation of the first-order Born approximation to model large time shifts in the data.
Application of lidar depolarization measurement in the atmospheric boundary layer: Effects of dust and sea‐salt particles

We intensively observed the atmospheric boundary layer with a polarization lidar, a Sun photometer, and a high-volume sampler at a coastal area of Tokyo Bay. The purpose of the observation is to investigate a phenomenon discovered in the past summer: relatively high depolarization ratio events (≃ 10% at peak) in the lower atmosphere associated with sea breeze. From the chemical analyses of the simultaneously sampled aerosols, we found that the depolarization ratio might be related to crystallized sea salt and dust particles. A boundary structure was clearly revealed by the depolarization ratio in the lower atmosphere, which might correspond to the mixed layer (the internal boundary layer) or the sea breeze in which crystallized sea salt and/or dust particles were diffused. We also presented the first numerical calculation on the depolarization ratio of the cubic particles to apply crystallized sea-salt (NaCI) particles by the dipole discrete approximation (DDA) method: the calculation yields 8-22% of depolarization ratio for the effective size larger than 0.8 μm at the investigated wavelength (532 nm).
Valuation and analysis of drug addiction web sites / Criterios de valoración y análisis de sitios web sobre drogodependencias

La calidad en Internet tiene un gran valor, y mas aun cuando se trata de una pagina web sobre salud como es un recurso sobre drogodependencias. El presente articulo recoge los estimadores y sistemas mas destacados sobre calidad web para el desarrollo de un sistema especifico de valoracion de la calidad de recursos web sobre drogodependencias. Se ha realizado una prueba de viabilidad mediante el analisis de las principales paginas web sobre este tema (n=60), recogiendo la valoracion, desde el punto de vista del usuario, de la calidad de los recursos. Se han detectado aspectos de mejora en cuanto a la exactitud y fiabilidad de la informacion, autoria, y desarrollo de descripciones y valoraciones de los enlaces externos. Abstract The quality in Internet has a great value, and still more when is a web page on health like a resource of drug dependence. This paper contains the estimators and systems on quality in the web for the development of a specific system to value the quality of a web site about drug dependence. A test of viability by means of the analysis of the main web pages has been made on this subject, gathering the valuation from the point of view of the user of the quality of the resources. Aspects of improvement as the exactitude and reliability of the information, responsibility, and development of descriptions and valuations of the external links have been detected.
Subaqueous Capping and Natural Recovery: Understanding the Hydrogeologic Setting at Contaminated Sediment Sites

Abstract : Capping and natural recovery are in situ remedial options for contaminated sediment deposits. Capping consists of the placement of one or more layers of material over a contaminated sediment deposit, while natural recovery relies upon the ongoing processes of sedimentation. One of the purposes of capping and natural recovery is the mitigation of the dissolved contaminant flux to the overlying surface water. This technical note is focused upon one of the more critical factors that determines the contaminant flux from impacted sediment deposits, the interactions of ground-water and surface water.
Regional model for peak discharge estimation in ungauged drainage basin using GIUH, Snyder, SCS and triangular models

Due to the importance of instantaneous peak discharge estimation for watershed management study in countries like Iran, the search is ongoing to correlate geomorphologic and hydrologic parameters to present models. This paper describes the use of synthetic unit hydrograph at drainage basin of Mehran (Joestan River). The obtained results were compared with recorded peak discharge in outlet of watershed. The models of Relative Mean Error (RME) and Root of Mean Square Error (RMSE) in drainage basin in central Alborz watershed were compared with each other. The results indicate the RMEs of 20.43, 40.06, 133.082, and 135.72, and RMSEs of 16.08, 14.65, 25.37 and 25.82 for GIUH, Snyder, SCS and Triangular models respectively. The daily peak discharge model was derived by 177 recorded events of daily peak discharge. Key words: Peak discharge, parameter, model, Mehran Basin.
Comparison of anomaly detection methods for hyperspectral imagery

The foremost approach to the detection of militarily significant targets in hyperspectral imagery is through the use of anomaly detection processes. These may be applied to imagery in order to identify those pixels that contain materials uncommon in the scene, on the assumption that military targets will match this criterion. The most common approach to anomaly detection for hyperspectral data is through the use of local-area anomaly detection techniques. These extract statistics of the scene in the near-locality of the pixel of interest and then use hypothesis test methods to decide whether the test pixel is anomalous to the training area. Alternative and potentially superior approaches are also available which first attempt to understand the composition of the whole scene in terms of ground cover types. These methods go on to use the extracted scene understanding model to find pixels containing materials that are rare or unseen in the imagery, and mark these as anomalies. This paper compares three anomaly detection approaches, one based on the local area paradigm and two using the scene understanding (global anomaly detection) approach. The latter pair of methods exploit different ways of extracting the scene model. The anomaly detection techniques are examined using real hyperspectral imagery with inserted anomaly pixels. A range of results is presented for different parameterisations of the algorithms. These include anomalous pixel maps at given detection rates and receiver operating characteristic curves.
Role of the unsaturated zone in radioactive and hazardous waste disposal

The problems of hazardous and low-level radioactive waste disposal caused by the physical and chemical processes active in the unsaturated zone are explored in this book. The focus is on the use of laboratory analyses, field observations, and numerical and analytical calculations to create a clear picture of both problems and potential solutions. Topics include policy modeling, statistical techniques, liners, and field applications. Contents include: Modeling of Moisture Movement through Layered Trench Covers; Role of Partially Saturated Soil in Liner Design for Hazardous Waste Disposal Sites; Field Experiments to Determine Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in the Vadose Zone; Role of Desaturation on Transport through Fractured Rock; Nuclear Waste Isolation in the Unsaturated Zone of Arid Regions.
Subestuarine Circulation and Dispersion in Narragansett Bay

The subestuaries in the northern reaches of Narragansett Bay (Rhode Island, USA) are susceptible to summertime water quality impairment. High nutrient loading of these systems leads to eutrophication and recurrent hypoxia, which cause ecosystem degradation and incidents of organism mass mortality. Management efforts to improve water quality include reductions in nutrient input to Narragansett Bay. We hypothesize that nutrient reductions may not sufficiently improve the health of severely impacted regions due to physical processes that contribute to water quality deterioration, including high vertical density stratification and low horizontal exchange. Dispersion depends on vertical turbulent mixing and advection. Circulation and dispersion are assessed using high-resolution observational and numerical modeling techniques. A realistic Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) model for Narragansett Bay is validated by comparison with data and by doing a turbulence closure scheme assessment. It is found that the model provides an accurate representation of Narragansett Bay hydrodynamics when a k − ε scheme is implemented. High agreement exists between the model and data of tidal velocity and sea surface elevation, as well as subtidal velocity, temperature, and salinity. Future optimization of the model involves refinement of some forcing specifications. Observations of hydrodynamics in Greenwich Bay, one of the most severely impaired subestuaries of Narragansett Bay, and the adjacent Warwick Neck channel show the response of the subsystem to different forces. The data show that the wind exerts a dominant influence on the subtidal flow. Wind directed predominantly eastward improves exchange between the basins of Greenwich Bay relative to northward wind. Vertical turbulent mixing by tidal shear is generally low in Greenwich Bay indicating that bottom water may become isolated from the atmosphere for prolonged periods of time. This situation is conducive to hypoxia. Diurnal wind can cause an increase in vertical turbulent mixing and can force intratidal residuals by its interaction with the semidiurnal tide. The numerical model is used to carry out semi-idealized scenario experiments to determine the influence of specific forcing conditions on circulation, dispersion, and flushing of Greenwich Bay. Model experiments show that residence time depends on wind direction, since flushing occurs largely by wind-driven advective dispersion. The dominant sustained and diurnal wind conditions during the summer months lead to retention by weak flow and horizontal recirculation structures.
Sistema de detección de fallos basado en PC en calderas pirotubulares

Se ofrece un sistema basado en PC para la deteccion de fallos en calderas pirotubulares. Se presentan los algoritmos que posibilitan la deteccion rapida de fallos abruptos en esta clase de plantas, los cuales se basan en la deteccion de cambios en los