Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel bundle adjustment method with additional ground control point constraint

ABSTRACT Bundle adjustment (BA) using parallax angle feature parameterization (ParallaxBA), has been recently reported to have better convergence and more accurate structure estimation in. However, ParallaxBA is a merely free-net BA model and is incapable of geolocating tie points in the global (geodetic) coordinate system. This study presents a novel BA method that incorporates Ground Control Points (GCPs) into ParallaxBA based on hybrid feature parameterization (ParallaxBA-GCP). Different from other BA methods based on feature parameterization using Euclidean xyz coordinates, the tie points in ParallaxBA are parameterized with three types of angles: azimuth, elevation and parallax angles. Therefore, the observation function of the tie points and that of GCPs were described with hybrid feature parameterization in the form of angles and xyz parameterization, respectively. The result of one real data set demonstrates that, when a poor initialization is given, ParallaxBA-GCP can converge within a very few iterations and rapidly triangulate high-quality tie points that satisfies the accuracy requirement of the aerial triangulation.
Molecular dynamics simulations of gallium nitride nanosheets under uniaxial and biaxial tensile loads

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to study the elastic properties of gallium nitride (GaN) nanosheets. Young’s and bulk moduli of GaN nanosheets with different side lengths and height/width ratio are obtained. Besides, the configuration of the nanosheet at different strains is represented until the fracture initiation and final fracture are observed. It is seen that the zigzag nanosheets have larger elastic moduli than armchair ones with the same sizes. Moreover, increasing the length size of the nanosheets results in decreasing Young’s modulus. Bulk moduli of GaN nanosheets are also obtained by applying biaxial loading on all edges. It is seen that under the biaxial tensile force, the fracture is initiated at the nanosheet corners and is continued toward the nanosheet center. A nonlinear relation between the bulk modulus and nanosheet size is observed.
Combination of Hypoglossal-Facial Nerve Jump Graft by End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy and Cross-Face Nerve Graft for the Treatment of Facial Paralysis

The cross-face nerve graft and the interpositional jump graft were performed simultaneously for 13 patients with facial paralysis. The period between the onset of paralysis and surgery ranged from 3 to 32 weeks. In nine patients, surgery was performed within 3 months of the onset of paralysis. The patients in whom reinnervation by both grafts succeeded could smile without closing their eyes by moving the tongue and could close the eye on the affected side without an accompanying oral movement. The expression was natural and included ﬁne muscle movements. Spontaneous recovery of the facial nerve was observed in three patients. Among patients who showed functional recovery without spontaneous recovery, House-Brackman’s palsy grade was II in one patient, III in ﬁve patients, and IV in one patient. Functional deﬁcits of the tongue were not observed. We recommend that this surgery be performed within 3 months of onset of paralysis.
Image De noising using neighborhood shrinkage in Contourlet Transforms Domain

Images are often corrupted by noise during acquisition, transmission, and retrieval from storage media. In this paper an improved version of Neigh shrink based image denoising is proposed in the contourlet domain. The proposed method is compared against the conventional Bi-shrinkage method in the wavelet as well as in the contourlet domain. Experimental results show that the current approach gives an outstanding performance when tested with several standard natural images.
The Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for Mean-Reverting γ -Process

Empirical studies show that more and more short-term rate models in capturing the dynamics cannot be described by those classic ones. So the mean-reverting γ-process was correspondingly proposed. In most cases, its coefficients do not satisfy the linear growth condition; even they satisfy the local Lipschitz condition. So we still cannot examine its existence of solutions by traditional techniques. This paper overcomes these difficulties. Firstly, through using the function Lyapunov, it has proven the existence and uniqueness of solutions for mean-reverting γ-process when the parameter . Secondly, when , it proves the solution is non-negative. Finally, it proves that there is a weak solution to the mean-reverting γ-process and the solution satisfies the track uniqueness by defining a function ρ. Therefore, the mean-reverting γ-process has the unique solution.
Feature extraction based on LBP in bar code detection

In order to compare the effects of traditional LBP operators and various improved Local Binary Patterns (LBP) operators’ ability on feature extraction and classification. In this paper, the LBP feature is extracted by slidin g window method. The integrity of the texture information extracted by different LBP operators and the com putational complexity and detection effect are compared. The effects of sliding window parameters on the de tection effect is studied respectively.
Élaboration in situ d’alliages de titane et de structures architecturées par fabrication additive : application aux dispositifs médicaux implantables

La problematique initiale part du constat que les echecs d’implants sont souvent causes par une inadequation entre les proprietes elastiques de l’os et celles de l’implant. Aujourd’hui, ce probleme de biocompatibilite mecanique suscite un interet croissant et a conduit au developpement d’alliages de titane β-metastables qui possedent un module d’elasticite faible, moitie moindre que celui de l’alliage Ti-6Al-4V classiquement utilise dans les applications d’implantologie. De plus, les structures architecturees ou treillis font, elles aussi, l’objet d’intenses recherches dans le but de reduire le module d’elasticite et de maximiser la resistance. Leur mise en forme, avec une maitrise precise de l’architecture, est possible grâce a la fabrication additive et les nombreuses possibilites qu’elle offre : liberte de design, gain matiere, pieces complexes, customisation de masse. Ce travail de these porte sur la mise en œuvre de l’alliage de titane a bas module d’elasticite Ti-26Nb(%at.) par la technologie de fusion laser sur lit de poudres. Une strategie d’elaboration in situ de ces alliages a partir de poudres elementaires de Ti et de Nb est exploree, a la fois pour permettre d’eventuels ajustements de composition, et pour pallier au manque de disponibilite des alliages de titane sous forme de poudres. La demarche est realisee avec deux morphologies de poudre, irreguliere et spherique. Les effets des nombreux parametres de ce procede (puissance du laser, vitesse et strategie de balayage.) sur l’homogeneite et la porosite des pieces elaborees sont quantifies. Un alliage homogene peut etre obtenu sous reserve de l’utilisation d’une densite d’energie adaptee et d’une granulometrie de poudre tenant compte des temperatures de fusion respectives des elements. La caracterisation de la microstructure met en evidence une texture marquee, dependante de la strategie de balayage. Les pieces elaborees presentent un bas module d’elasticite associe a une resistance mecanique elevee, avec une deformation elastique favorable par rapport a un alliage de reference coule. Par ailleurs, un algorithme d’optimisation est developpe et permet de controler les proprietes mecaniques d’une structure architecturee a partir de ses parametres geometriques (rayon, longueur et orientation des poutres). La combinaison de cet alliage de titane a bas module d’elasticite et d’une structure architecturee developpee a partir ce cet algorithme a ete applique a une prothese totale de hanche, qui a fait l’objet de simulations par elements finis. L’evaluation du phenomene de stress-shielding montre que, comparativement a un modele massif plus rigide, ce type de prothese permet de reduire de facon significative la deviation des contraintes. En se rapprochant du modele dit physiologique, cette prothese peut etre qualifiee de « biomimetique » sur le plan du comportement mecanique
A spatially adaptive total variation regularization method for electrical resistance tomography

The total variation (TV) regularization method has been used to solve the ill-posed inverse problem of electrical resistance tomography (ERT), owing to its good ability to preserve edges. However, the quality of the reconstructed images, especially in the flat region, is often degraded by noise. To optimize the regularization term and the regularization factor according to the spatial feature and to improve the resolution of reconstructed images, a spatially adaptive total variation (SATV) regularization method is proposed. A kind of effective spatial feature indicator named difference curvature is used to identify which region is a flat or edge region. According to different spatial features, the SATV regularization method can automatically adjust both the regularization term and regularization factor. At edge regions, the regularization term is approximate to the TV functional to preserve the edges; in flat regions, it is approximate to the first-order Tikhonov (FOT) functional to make the solution stable. Meanwhile, the adaptive regularization factor determined by the spatial feature is used to constrain the regularization strength of the SATV regularization method for different regions. Besides, a numerical scheme is adopted for the implementation of the second derivatives of difference curvature to improve the numerical stability. Several reconstruction image metrics are used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of the reconstructed results. Both simulation and experimental results indicate that, compared with the TV (mean relative error 0.288, mean correlation coefficient 0.627) and FOT (mean relative error 0.295, mean correlation coefficient 0.638) regularization methods, the proposed SATV (mean relative error 0.259, mean correlation coefficient 0.738) regularization method can endure a relatively high level of noise and improve the resolution of reconstructed images.
Free groups, covering spaces and Artin's theorem

In this expository note we provide a proof of Artin's theorem which states that the commutator subgroup of a free group on two generators is not finitely generated. The proof employs the infinite grid as in two other proofs in the literature mentioned in the note but takes a somewhat different approach which seems to be of didactic value.
Equivariant mappings and invariant sets on Minkowski space

In this paper we introduce the systematic study of invariant functions and equivariant mappings defined on Minkowski space under the action of the Lorentz group. We adapt some known results from the orthogonal group acting on the Euclidean space to the Lorentz group acting on the Minkowski space. In addition, an algorithm is given to compute generators of the ring of functions that are invariant under an important class of Lorentz subgroups, namely when these are generated by involutions, which is also useful to compute equivariants. Furthermore, general results on invariant subspaces of the Minkowski space are presented, with a characterization of invariant lines and planes in the two lowest dimensions.
CESM1(WACCM) STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOL GEOENGINEERING LARGE ENSEMBLE PROJECT

An overview is presented of the GLENS project, a community-wide effort enabling analyses of global and regional changes from stratospheric aerosol geoengineering in the presence of internal climate variability. olar geoengineering using stratospheric sulfate temperature change over land between 2075 and 2095 of the geoengineering simulations and between 2010 and 2030 of the RCP8.5 simulations (note that over land this is the same as in Fig. 6b, but with a smaller contour interval). The surrounding histograms show the distribution of differences in 20-yr climatologies of annual average 2-m temperature between 2075 and 2095 of the geoengineering simulations and between 2010 and 2030 of the RCP8.5 simulations. The 20 ensemble members give 400 possible differences to make up the distributions shown.
Nonequilibrium Aspects of Integrable Models

Driven by breakthroughs in experimental and theoretical techniques, the study of nonequilibrium quantum physics is a rapidly expanding field with many exciting new developments. Among the manifold ways the topic can be investigated, one-dimensional systems provide a particularly fine platform. The trifecta of strongly correlated physics, powerful theoretical techniques, and experimental viability have resulted in a flurry of research activity over the past decade or so. In this review, we explore the nonequilibrium aspects of one-dimensional systems that are integrable. Through a number of illustrative examples, we discuss nonequilibrium phenomena that arise in such models, the role played by integrability, and the consequences these have for more generic systems.
Effect of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Axonal Sprouting Following Donor Nerve Injury Distal to an End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy Model

This study investigated the hypothesis that acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) could have a signiﬁcant effect on nerve regeneration after end-to-side neurorrhaphy. The ability of the ALCAR to enhance nerve regeneration in combination with various types of donor nerve injury distal to the coaptation site was also determined. Twenty-ﬁve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to ﬁve groups of ﬁve animals each, in which three different types of donor injury (crush, ligation, and transection injury) distal to the coaptation site were executed (groups C, D, and E, respectively). Animals in group A (placebo) and group B underwent a standard end-to-side neurorrhaphy. Animals from groups B to E received a daily intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg/d of ALCAR, and a placebo was injected in place of ALCAR in animals in group A. Administration of acetyl-L-carnitine alone did not prove to be a signiﬁcant stimulus for regeneration, as concluded after comparison among the two noninjury models of the donor nerve (groups A and B). Indeed, the combination of an injury model of the donor nerve (crush injury) with administration of acetyl-L-carnitine proved to be a signiﬁcantly more potent stimulus for regeneration than the control (placebo) group, as measured by behavioral, muscle morphometric, electrophysiological, and histomorphometric studies.
Adaptive on-line calibration for around-view monitoring system using between-camera homography estimation

Abstract. The around-view monitoring (AVM) system is one of the major applications of advanced driver assistance systems and intelligent transportation systems. We propose an on-line calibration method, which can compensate misalignments for AVM systems. Most AVM systems use fisheye undistortion, inverse perspective transformation, and geometrical registration methods. To perform these procedures, the parameters for each process must be known; the procedure by which the parameters are estimated is referred to as the initial calibration. However, when only using the initial calibration data, we cannot compensate misalignments, caused by changing equilibria of cars. Moreover, even small changes such as tire pressure levels, passenger weight, or road conditions can affect a car’s equilibrium. Therefore, to compensate for this misalignment, additional techniques are necessary, specifically an on-line calibration method. On-line calibration can recalculate homographies, which can correct any degree of misalignment using the unique features of ordinary parking lanes. To extract features from the parking lanes, this method uses corner detection and a pattern matching algorithm. From the extracted features, homographies are estimated using random sample consensus and parameter estimation. Finally, the misaligned epipolar geographies are compensated via the estimated homographies. Thus, the proposed method can render image planes parallel to the ground. This method does not require any designated patterns and can be used whenever cars are placed in a parking lot. The experimental results show the robustness and efficiency of the method.
ASSESMENT OF MINERAL, PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEAF, STEM AND ROOT OF Maesobotrya barteri (BAILL) FROM SECONDARY FOREST IN AKWA IBOM STATE.

Mbosowo M. Etukudo 1 and Samuel E. Osim 2 . 1. Department of Biology, Federal University Otuoke, PMB 126, Bayelsa State, Nigeria 2. Department of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. Manuscript Info Abstract . Manuscript History
A Bayesian subset simulation approach to constrained global optimization of expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions

This talk addresses the problem of derivative-free global optimization of a real-valued function under multiple inequality constraints. Both the objective function and the constraint functions are assumed to be smooth, nonlinear, expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. As a consequence, the number of evaluations that can be used to carry out the optimization is very limited. We focus in this work on the case of strongly constrained problems, where finding a feasible design, using such a limited budget of simulations, is a challenge in itself. The method that we propose to overcome this difficulty has its roots in the recent literature on Gaussian process-based methods for reliability analysis—in particular, the Bayesian Subset Simulation (BSS) algorithm of Li, Bect and Vazquez—and multi-objective optimization. More specifically, we consider a decreasing sequence of nested subsets of the design space, which is defined and explored sequentially using a combination of Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) techniques and sequential Bayesian design of experiments. The proposed method obtains promising result on challenging test cases from the literature.
Immunologic Responses in Vascularized and Nonvascularized Skin Allografts

The skin is a protective interface between internal organs and the environment; it is the largest tissue of the human body. However, the skin does not serve merely as a physical barrier. It is also an active immune organ, traversed by a network of lymphatic and blood vessels. This immunologic structure contains immunologic cells such as T lymphocytes, Langerhans cells (LCs), dendritic cells, and keratinocytes. Langerhans cells represent the cutaneous counterpart of dendritic cells. LCs not only act as professional antigen-presenting cells to induce antigen-speciﬁc T cells for adaptive immune responses, but they also initiate a cascade of innate immune responses by antigenic stimulus such as transplant tissue. In transplantation immunology, either donor or recipient LCs fulﬁll an important mission in rejection or acceptance of donor tissue. Vascularized or nonvascularized skin allografts may create an immunologic response through different pathways. In both transplant models, skin diameter may change antigenic load, thereby determining rejection or acceptance response. This article discusses the effects of the cellular component in the skin immune system on immunologic responses of vascularized or nonvascularized skin allografts and describes the differences between the two immunologic cascades.
Evidenzbasierte Therapie der Sepsis - Antiinfektiöse Strategien mit supportiven und adjunktiven Maßnahmen kombinieren

In einer kürzlich veröffentlichten Studie anhand der Krankenakten aus den Jahren 1979 bis 2000 in den Vereinigten Staaten zeigte sich, dass die Sepsis-Inzidenz in diesem Zeitraum kontinuierlich um 13,7% pro Jahr angestiegen ist. Obwohl die Krankenhausmortalität bei den Sepsis-Patienten während des Beobachtungszeitraumes abnahm, stieg – aufgrund der zunehmenden Erkrankungshäufigkeit – die absolute Zahl der Patienten, die an einer Sepsis verstarben (10). Darüber hinaus sind die Kosten von etwa 23 200 Euro pro Patient (11) eine gewaltige finanzielle Belastung für das Gesundheitssystem. Die steigende Inzidenz dieser mit einer hohen Mortalität und hohen Kosten belasteten Erkrankung bedingt die Notwendigkeit für den Einsatz wirksamer aber auch effizienter Therapieverfahren. Es zeigte sich allerdings, dass eine so genannte „magic bullet“ – also ein einziges die Prognose bestimmendes Therapieverfahren – für die Therapie der Sepsis nicht existiert. Vielmehr setzt sich die Behandlung der schweren Sepsis und des septischen Schocks aus einem Mosaik verschiedenster Therapieansätze zusammen, das konsequent und in all seinen Fassetten umgesetzt werden muss. Die Standardtherapie besteht aus der antiinfektiösen Therapie der Patienten mit einer Sanierung des infektiösen Fokus und der supportiven Therapie, unter der die Wiederherstellung bzw. der Erhalt der Vitalund Organfunktionen verstanden wird. Zusätzlich sollen adjunktive Therapieverfahren dazu beitragen, das Behandlungsergebnis durch immunund gerinnungsmodulierende Substanzen zu verbessern. Inzwischen gibt es eine Vielzahl an Studien unterschiedlichster Qualität – und daher auch mit variablen Ergebnissen – welche auf die Therapie der schweren Sepsis und des septischen Schocks fokussieren. Das „International Sepsis Forum“ (ISF) sortierte und publizierte im Jahr 2001 erstmals die Studienlage nach den Richtlinien der evidenzbasierten Medizin (9). Inzwischen gelang es in einigen großen kontrollierten Studien, auch die Mortalität durch gezielte therapeutische Maßnahmen zu senken. Dies führte zu einer Reihe von Veröffentlichungen, die sich mit Therapierichtlinien der Sepsis auseinander setzten (8, 12, 18). Darüber hinaus wurde die „Surviving Sepsis Campaign“ initiiert (6).
Das IZP stellt sich vor - Palliativmedizin: Aufgabe aller Ärzte

Das Interdisziplinäre Zentrum für Palliativmedizin (IZP) des Klinikums der Universität Mün-chen wird gemeinsam von der Klinik für Anästhesiologie, der Medizinischen Klinik III und der Neurologischen Klinik getragen. Die Leitung des Zentrums rotiert alle drei Jahre, sie betreut eine Palliativstation mit zehn Betten, einen multiprofessionellen palliativmedizinischen Konsi-liardienst und die Christophorus-Akademie für Palliativmedizin, Palliativpflege und Hospiz-arbeit. Schwerpunkt der klinischen Arbeit ist die interdisziplinäre und multiprofessionelle Be-treuung schwerstkranker Patienten und ihrer Familien in Krisensituationen – mit dem Ziel, die Patienten zu stabilisieren und nach Hause zu entlassen oder in ein stationäres Hospiz zu über-weisen. Die Forschungsaktivitäten des Zentrums erstrecken sich auf die Bereiche Lebensquali-tät, Symptomkontrolle, nichtonkologische Erkrankungen, Versorgungsforschung, Entscheidun-gen am Lebensende und der medizinischen Weiterbildung. Die Universität München hat als erste Universität in Deutschland die Palliativmedizin als Pflichtlehr-und
Formulae For Primes

The criticism by T. B. M. Neil and M. Singer in The Gazette for October 1965 of C. P. Willans’ formula for the nth prime number is in my view quite unjust. Willans’ formula expresses two properties of the nth prime, namely that the number of numbers x such that 1 ≤ π(x) < n is two less than the nth prime, and that the nth prime is less than 2 n . Willans gives a trigonometrical representation of π(x), the number of primes less than or equal to x. The analysis which Neil and Singer give is an exposure of the formula only in the sense that a clear proof is an exposure.