Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Weakly nonlinear analysis on the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

A weakly nonlinear model is proposed for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in two-dimensional incompressible fluids. The second- and third-harmonic generation effects of single-mode perturbation, as well as the nonlinear correction to the exponential growth of the fundamental modulation are analyzed. An important resonance in the mode-coupling process is found. The nonlinear saturation time depends on the initial perturbation amplitude and the density ratio of the two fluids, but the nonlinear saturation amplitude depends only on the initial perturbation amplitude. The weakly nonlinear result is supported by numerical simulation. The practical system of boundary layer containing thermal conductivity is analyzed. Their nonlinear saturation amplitude can be predicted by our weakly nonlinear model.
Anisotropic optical signatures of orbital and charge ordering inBi1−xCaxMnO3

We present a spectroscopic ellipsometry study of the optical anisotropies at energies above and below a crossing point at {approx_equal}2 eV in the optical conductivity of Bi{sub 1-x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} crystals. Below T{sub co}, we observe a sudden increase of the low-frequency dielectric function, reflecting charge ordering. Moreover, we find a gradual development in the high-frequency dielectric function, primarily influenced by orbital effects, which suggest that fluctuations associated with short-range orbital ordering precede charge ordering. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Effect of male age on reproductive function: A comparison of young and middle-aged men

Purpose There have been concerns regarding potential effects of older paternal age on male reproductive function. However, currently available data on this topic are insufficient and controversy exists. We analyzed semen characteristics and reproductive hormones in young men and middle-aged men to investigate the effect of age on male reproductive function. Materials and Methods This study examined healthy males of reproductive age who visited a single infertility center from January 2016 to July 2021. The young group consisted of men who were less than 35 years-old, and the middle-age group consisted of men who were more than 45 years-old. Results The two groups had no significant differences in sperm concentration ([89.9±59.4]×106/mL vs. [104.4±82.1]×106/mL, p=0.108) or sperm morphology (normal forms: 3.6%±1.5% vs. 3.4%±1.6%, p=0.131). However, the middle-age group had a smaller semen volume (3.2±1.5 mL vs. 2.5±1.4 mL, p<0.001), lower sperm motility (42.3%±9.8% vs. 31.2%±12.4%, p<0.001), lower progressive sperm motility (39.2%±10.3% vs. 28.4%±12.6%, p<0.001), and a higher serum follicle-stimulating hormone level. Conclusions Our results suggest that advanced male age might have a negative effect on fertility potential, as in women. This finding has important clinical implications because more couples are choosing to have children when they are older. Further studies on this issue, especially those that examine reproductive outcome, are warranted.
The Use of Medicinal Plants and Its Implication on Plants Conservation: The Case of West Usambara, Tanzania

In recent decades, medicinal plants have been overused. The failure of some modern medicines, an increase in degenerative diseases and the trading of medicinal plants are among the factors that have triggered such overutilization. This study was carried out in West Usambara Mountains, in Tanzania, to investigate the effects of medicinal plant harvesting on plants conservation. We collected ethnobotanical data from 160 respondents. Interviews and field observation were the main data collection methods. SPSS Version 25 was used to analyse the collected data to understand the knowledge on the parts of medicinal plant used, the preparation of medicines from plants, amount harvested, and the effects of harvested herbs on plants conservation. Information obtained from key informants was analysed through thematic analysis. The study revealed that some medicinal plant species such as Omphalogonus calophyllus and Aloe spp. were being unsustainably harvested. Furthermore, the change from cultural ways of using medicinal plants to commercial purposes was found to be threatening plant species in the area. The study concludes that West Usambara is a rich region of diverse medicinal plants and traditional healthcare knowledge. However, the change from the culture of using medicinal plants for domestic use only to commercial use is threatening the existence of medicinal plants. Hence, it signals the need for serious efforts to be made to create public awareness; initiate and establish laws so that appropriate measures are taken to conserve medicinal plants in the fragile natural ecosystem of the West Usambara Mountains.
Relationships between Isomeric Metabolism and Regioselective Toxicity of Hydroxychrysenes in Embryos of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (oxy-PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants that can be formed through oxidation of parent PAHs. Our previous studies found 2-hydroxychrysene (2-OHCHR) to be significantly more toxic to Japanese medaka embryos than 6-hydroxychrysene (6-OHCHR), an example of regioselective toxicity. We have also previously identified a sensitive developmental window to 2-OHCHR toxicity that closely coincided with liver development, leading us to hypothesize that differences in metabolism may play a role in the regioselective toxicity. To test this hypothesis, Japanese medaka embryos were treated with each isomer for 24 h during liver development (52–76 hpf). Although 6-OHCHR was absorbed 97.2 ± 0.18% faster than 2-OHCHR, it was eliminated 57.7 ± 0.36% faster as a glucuronide conjugate. Pretreatment with cytochrome P450 inhibitor, ketoconazole, reduced anemia by 96.8 ± 3.19% and mortality by 95.2 ± 4.76% in 2-OHCHR treatments. Formation of chrysene-1,2-diol (1,2-CAT) was also reduced by 64.4 ± 2.14% by ketoconazole pretreatment. While pretreatment with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibitor, nilotinib, reduced glucuronidation of 2-OHCHR by 52.4 ± 2.55% and of 6-OHCHR by 63.7 ± 3.19%, it did not alter toxicity for either compound. These results indicate that CYP-mediated activation, potentially to 1,2-CAT, may explain the isomeric differences in developmental toxicity of 2-OHCHR.
A Wide Dynamic Range Sigma-Delta Modulator for EEG Acquisition Using Randomized DWA and Dynamic-Modulated Scaling-Down Techniques

This paper proposes a wide dynamic range (DR) and high-resolution discrete-time (DT) 2-order 4-bit sigma-delta modulator with a novel dynamic-modulated scaling-down (DM-SD) technology for non-invasive electroencephalogram (EEG) acquisition. The DM-SD technology can expand the input dynamic range and suppress large input offsets at the same time. The modulator was designed with 180nm CMOS technology with an area of 0.49 mm2. We achieve a 118.1 dB SNDR when the input signal is 437.5 Hz and the signal bandwidth is 1500 Hz. Due to the proposed DM-SD technology, the DR is expanded to 126 dB. The power consumption of the whole modulator is 1.6 mW and a 177.8 dB Schreier figure-of-merit (FoMs) is realized.
Language acquisition after cochlear implantation of congenitally deaf children: Effect of age at implantation

Evidence shows that early implantation of congenitally deaf children is beneficial. However, infants as young as 6 months of age have started to receive cochlear implants (CIs) in the USA. Such early implantation may be associated with higher risks, including anesthetic risk as well as the increased possibility of a false positive in the diagnosis of profound deafness. On the other hand, delaying implantation may be associated with the risk of missing windows of opportunity or sensitive periods for the development of communication skills. In this study, speech perception and language skills in children who received CIs in the first, second, third, or fourth year of life were compared. Participants were tested at regular 6‐month intervals after implantation. The effects of several potential confounds were considered. In general, children implanted earlier outperformed those implanted later, with one exception: infants implanted at 6–12 months showed similar outcomes to children implanted at 12–24 months, a.
Climatic Niche, Altitudinal Distribution, and Vegetation Type Preference of the Flea Beetle Genus Arsipoda in New Caledonia (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae)

Simple Summary The distribution of many beetle species remains poorly known, and the knowledge of their ecological requirements is even more fragmentary. Starting with published data on the flea beetle genus Arsipoda in New Caledonia, we investigated the habitat preferences of the 21 species from this area. These species are significantly associated with vegetation growing on volcanic substrates. A few widespread species are also present in secondary vegetation, such as savanna and brushwood. We estimated current suitable areas for the genus using ecological niche models, and identified possible under-sampled areas, mainly in the central sector of the main island. Abstract New Caledonia is one of the major biodiversity hotspots. The flea beetle genus Arsipoda (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) is present with 21 species, all endemic. We investigated, using GIS analyses and ecological niche models, the habitat preferences of these species in terms of vegetation types, altitude, and climate, and assessed the adequacy of knowledge on the spatial parameters affecting the distribution of the genus in New Caledonia. Altitude and geology seem to play an important role in shaping species distribution. Volcanic substrate allows the growth of ultramafic vegetation, which includes most of their host plants. From a biogeographic and conservation perspective, our results report a deep link between Arsipoda species and their habitats, making them particularly sensitive to environmental modifications.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of the North-East India towards identification of contributing seismic sources

Abstract The North East (NE) India is regarded as one of the most seismically active regions of the globe. It is surrounded by two active plate boundaries (the Indian-Eurasian Plate boundary and the Indian-Burmese plate boundary), followed by rotation in the central part. As per the Seismic zonation map of India, most parts of NE India is classified under single seismic zone (zone V). However, numerous studies have shown significant variations in seismic activity as well as seismic hazard values across the NE. Present work attempts deaggregation of seismic hazard to identify seismic sources which control probabilistic seismic hazard values across the NE. With dominating fault mechanisms, seismic activity, and non-uniform past earthquake (EQ) records across NE, identifying controlling sources is crucial in order to understand the present and future seismic scenarios. Spatial distribution of seismic hazard levels and uncertainties are estimated using the Monte Carlo approach to sample a logic tree with alternate methods and models. As per the present findings, Manipur and Nagaland have highest seismic hazard in the NE, controlled by Indo-Burmese ranges. Further, seismic hazard of Guwahati, Shillong and Gangtok are significantly influenced by great EQs. In other parts, regional major to strong EQ sources control the seismic hazard values. Additionally, EQs with magnitude lesser than 4.5 have lower contributions to regional seismic hazards.
Rayleigh criterion of resolution and light sources of different spectral composition

The results of very simple experiments to evaluate Lord Rayleigh Resolution Criterion validity are discussed in cases of quasimonochromatic sources of small angular dimensions (LEDs) and monochromatic sources (lasers), the emissions of which have different or equal spectral compositions. Visual observations as well as color photographs and color video recording were utilized in the experiments. The validity of the resolution criterion was confirmed when the diffraction patterns were produced using LEDs and lasers of the same color (red or green). However, when LEDs and lasers of different color were used, better resolutions than those of Rayleigh Criterion were obtained owing to the non-spectral yellow false color resulting from the overlapping of the red and green spectral colors. Therefore, the observation of the non- spectral false color implies the super-resolution process.
Anthocyanins from Agro-Industrial Food Waste: Geographical Approach and Methods of Recovery—A Review

Drastic growth in the amount of global food waste produced is observed every year, not only due to incessant population growth but also economic growth, lifestyle, and diet changes. As a result of their increasing health awareness, people are focusing more on healthy diets rich in fruits and vegetables. Thus, following worldwide fruit and vegetable consumption and their processing in various industries (juice, jams, wines, preserves), significant quantities of agro-industrial waste are produced (pomace, peels, seeds) that still contain high concentrations of bioactive compounds. Among bioactive compounds, anthocyanins have an important place, with their multiple beneficial effects on health; therefore, their extraction and recovery from food waste have become a topic of interest in recent years. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the primary sources of anthocyanins from food waste and the novel eco-friendly extraction methods, such as pulsed electric field extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques will also be covered to encourage future studies and opportunities focusing on improving these extraction techniques.
Large Eddy Simulation of the ventilated wave boundary layer

[1] A Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of (1) a fully developed turbulent wave boundary layer and (2) case 1 subject to ventilation (i.e., suction and injection varying alternately in phase) has been performed, using the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model to express the subgrid viscosity. The model was found to reproduce experimental results well. However, in case 1, the near-bed ensemble averaged velocity is underestimated during the acceleration stage, probably due to the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model not being able to capture the physics well in that region. Also, there is a general overestimation of the streamwise turbulence intensity, while an underestimation of the intensities in the two other directions. This may be an effect from the stretched computational mesh in the streamwise direction, since the Smagorinsky subgrid viscosity assumes proportionality to one scalar expressing the overall (local) grid size. The results indicate that the large eddies develop in the resolved scale, corresponding to fluid with an effective viscosity decided by the sum of the kinematic and subgrid viscosity. Regarding case 2, the results are qualitatively in accordance with experimental findings. Injection generally slows down the flow in the full vertical extent of the boundary layer, destabilizes the flow and decreases the mean bed shear stress significantly; whereas suction generally speeds up the flow in the full vertical extent of the boundary layer, stabilizes the flow and increases the mean bed shear stress significantly. Ventilation therefore results in a net current, even in symmetric waves.
Smooth plane curves with one place at infinity

We consider a smooth affine curve $C’=\{f(x, y)=0\}\subset C^{2}$ of degree $n$ with one place at infinity, say at $\rho=[1;0;O]\in P^{2}$ and let $g$ be the genus of the smooth compactification of $C^{a}$ . By the assumption that $C^{a}$ has one place at infinity, the Newton diagram of the polynomial $f(x, y)$ has only one outside boundary and the corresponding face function has only one factor. As this place is assumed to be at $\rho,$ $f(x, y)$ is written as
1.55μmGe islands resonant-cavity-enhanced detector with high-reflectivity bottom mirror

A 1.55 mum Ge islands resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) detector with high-reflectivity bottom mirror was fabricated by a simple method. The bottom mirror was deposited in the hole formed by anisotropically etching in a basic solution from the back side of the sample with the buried SiO2 layer in silicon-on-insulator substrate as the etch-stop layer. Reflectivity spectrum indicates that the mirror deposited in the hole has a reflectivity as high as 99% in the range of 1.2-1.65 mum. The peak responsivity of the RCE detector at 1543.8 nm is 0.028 mA/W and a full width at half maximum of 5 nm is obtained. Compared with the conventional p-i-n photodetector, the responsivity of RCE detector has a nearly threefold enhancement. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.
Nonextensive Entropy: Interdisciplinary Applications

A great variety of complex phenomena in many scientific fields exhibit power-law behavior, reflecting a hierarchical or fractal structure. Many of these phenomena seem to be susceptible to description using approaches drawn from thermodynamics or statistical mechanics, particularly approaches involving the maximization of entropy and of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics and standard laws in a natural way. The book addresses the interdisciplinary applications of these ideas, and also on various phenomena that could possibly be quantitatively describable in terms of these ideas.
Equivalent noise source for Boltzmann transport equation with relaxation‐time approximation in nondegenerate semiconductors

An equivalent noise source with a useful functional form, which enables easy calculation of noise in semiconductor devices, is derived in a unified way for Boltzmann transport equations from the classical expression of the noise source. Since the derivation is carried out within the framework of the relaxation‐time approximation, the equivalent noise source is good for elastic or randomizing collisions and is valid when the carrier distributions are not far from the local equilibrium distributions. The derived functional form of the equivalent noise source is shown to be the same as the one used during derivation of the steady‐state Nyquist theorem. Also, the recent controversy over correctness of the classical expression of the noise source is discussed.
Carboxymethyl-Cellulose-Containing Ag Nanoparticles as an Electrochemical Working Electrode for Fast Hydroxymethyl-Furfural Sensing in Date Molasses

Novel biosensors based on carboxymethyl cellulose extract from date palm fronds containing Ag nanoparticles as an electrochemical working electrode for fast hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) sensing in date molasses were prepared. The morphological, structural, and crystallinity characteristics of the prepared Ag@CMC were described via SEM, DLS, TEM, and XRD. In addition, Raman spectroscopy and UV–VIS spectroscopy were performed, and thermal stability was studied. The investigated techniques indicated the successful incorporation of AgNPs into the CMC polymer. The sensing behavior of the prepared AgNPs@CMC electrode was studied in terms of cyclic voltammetry and linear scan voltammetry at different HMF concentrations. The results indicated high performance of the designed AgNPs@CMC, which was confirmed by the linear behavior of the relationship between the cathodic current and HMF content. Besides, real commercial samples were investigated using the novel AgNPs@CMC electrode.
Metallic Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Applications, Fabrication Techniques and the Effect of Geometrical Characteristics

Current procedures for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) have associated limitations including poor administration of nucleic acid, small or large drug molecules, pain and stress for needle phobic people. A painless micro-sized device capable of delivering drugs easily and efficiently, eliminating the disadvantages of traditional systems, has yet to be developed. While polymeric-based microneedle (MN) arrays have been used successfully and clinically as TDD systems, these devices lack mechanical integrity, piercing capacity and the ability to achieve tailored drug release into the systemic circulation. Recent advances in micro/nano fabrication techniques using Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, have enabled the fabrication of metallic MN arrays, which offer the potential to overcome the limitations of existing systems. This review summarizes the different types of MNs used in TDD and their mode of drug delivery. The application of MNs in the treatment of a range of diseases including diabetes and cancer is discussed. The potential role of solid metallic MNs in TDD, the various techniques used for their fabrication, and the influence of their geometrical characteristics (e.g., shape, size, base diameter, thickness, and tip sharpness) on effective TDD are explored. Finally, the potential and the future directions relating to the optimization of metallic MN arrays for TDD are highlighted.
Regresión cuantil para predicción de caracteres complejos en bovinos Suizo Europeo usando marcadores SNP y pedigrí

Los modelos de predicción genómica generalmente suponen que los errores se distribuyen como variables aleatorias normales, independientes e idénticamente distribuidas con media cero e igual varianza. Esto no siempre se cumple, además puede haber fenotipos distantes de la media poblacional, los que usualmente se eliminan al realizar la predicción. La regresión cuantil (QR) afronta aspectos estadísticos como alta dimensionalidad, multicolinealidad y distribución fenotípica diferente de la normal. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar QR utilizando información de marcadores y pedigrí con los métodos alternativos tales como mejor predicción lineal insesgada genómica (GBLUP) y mejor predicción lineal insesgada genómica en un solo paso (ssGBLUP) para analizar los pesos al nacimiento (PN), destete (PD) y al año (PA) de bovinos Suizo Europeo y datos simulados con diferente grado de asimetría y proporción de datos atípicos. La capacidad predictiva de los modelos se evaluó mediante validación cruzada. El desempeño predictivo de QR tanto sólo con información de marcadores como con marcadores más pedigrí, con el conjunto de datos reales, fue mejor que las metodologías GBLUP y ssGBLUP para PD y PA. Para PN GBLUP y ssGBLUP fueron mejores, sin embargo, solo se utilizaron los cuantiles 0.25, 0.50 y 0.75, y la distribución de PN no fue asimétrica. En el experimento de datos simulados, las correlaciones entre efectos de marcador “verdadero” y efectos estimados, así como las correlaciones de señales “verdaderas” y estimadas fueron más altas cuando se usó QR comparado con GBLUP. Las ventajas de QR fueron más notorias con distribución asimétrica de los fenotipos y con mayor proporción de datos atípicos, como fue el caso del conjunto de datos simulados.