Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
K-NN’S NEAREST NEIGHBORS METHOD FOR CLASSIFYING TEXT DOCUMENTS BY THEIR TOPICS

Context. Optimization of the method of nearest neighbors k-NN for the classification of text documents by their topics and experimentally solving the problem based on the method. Objective. The study aims to study the method of nearest neighbors k-NN for classifying text documents by their topics. The task of the study is to classify text documents by their topics based on a dataset for the optimal time and with high accuracy. Method. The k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) method is a metric algorithm for automatic object classification or regression. The k-NN algorithm stores all existing data and categorizes the new point based on the distance between the new point and all points in the training set. For this, a certain distance metric, such as Euclidean distance, is used. In the learning process, k-NN stores all the data from the training set, so it belongs to the “lazy” algorithms since learning takes place at the time of classification. The algorithm makes no assumptions about the distribution of data and it is nonparametric. The task of the k-NN algorithm is to assign a certain category to the test document x based on the categories k of the nearest neighbors from the training dataset. The similarity between the test document x and each of the closest neighbors is scored by the category to which the neighbor belongs. If several of k’s closest neighbors belong to the same category, then the similarity score of that category for the test document x is calculated as the sum of the category scores for each of these closest neighbors. After that, the categories are ranked by score, and the test document is assigned to the category with the highest score. Results. The k-NN method for classifying text documents has been successfully implemented. Experiments have been conducted with various methods that affect the efficiency of k-NN, such as the choice of algorithm and metrics. The results of the experiments showed that the use of certain methods can improve the accuracy of classification and the efficiency of the model. Conclusions. Displaying the results on different metrics and algorithms showed that choosing a particular algorithm and metric can have a significant impact on the accuracy of predictions. The application of the ball tree algorithm, as well as the use of different metrics, such as Manhattan or Euclidean distance, can lead to improved results. Using clustering before applying k-NN has been shown to have a positive effect on results and allows for better grouping of data and reduces the impact of noise or misclassified points, which leads to improved accuracy and class distribution.
Applying Deep Learning and Machine Learning Algorithms for The Identification of Medicinal Plant Leaves Based on Their Spectral Characteristics

The study and consideration of medicinal plants have been ongoing throughout history due to their significant role in maintaining the well-being of mammals. Although identifying medicinal plants can be a valuable skill, it is often time-consuming, tedious, and requires the expertise of a specialist. The project works on the technique of image processing, which identifies the various medicinal plants. There has been a strong emphasis on improving efficiency through the application of technology, with a focus on incorporating digital image processing and pattern recognition techniques. To ensure accurate plant identification, proposals involving the application of computer vision neural network techniques have been advanced. This approach involves neural network models such as CNN, SVM, KNN, and Navie Bay for identifying the medical plants based on their respective features. After the validation step, the project provides a classification of 92.3 precision and 90.56 F1 score.
The effect of eroded leading edge to the turbulent wake topology studied by PIV

The effect of leading edge erosion to the flow is studied experimentally by standard method of Particle Image Velocimetry. Three airfoil models are manufactured: the reference one, the homogenously eroded one, which is modeled by putting a sheet of sand-paper to its leading edge and the airfoil with large erosion, which is modeled by regular spikes and a valley in sub-stagnation area. The damaged airfoils support earlier transition to turbulence; in fully turbulent regime, their wake is wider than in the smooth case and, especially in the case of regular spikes, the spanwise fluctuations are reduced.
Spatial distribution of dengue fever in Guangdong Province

AIM: To explore the spatial distribution characteristics of dengue fever prevalence and vector population so as to provide data for macroscopical decision making of surveillance and control. METHODS: Dengue fever data from all the cities and counties in Guangdong Province were collected from 1995 to 2001. Also collected were aedes vector data and the digitized map of Guangdong Province divided by county boundary in the same period of time. The distribution map of dengue fever and vector population was produced by spatial local interpolation analysis using theArcGIS8.1 software. The distribution map was finalized based on the Cross Validation index and two principles for comparison between different maps. RESULTS: The transmission intensity of dengue fever and vector population distribution map in Guangdong Province presented three relatively stable distributing status, viz.: high incidence area, low incidence area and almost none incidence area. The spatial distribution of dengue fever and vector aedes share the same distribution area, with a clear boundary. Seven years’ average cross validation index of mean prediction error (ME), root mean square error (RMSE), average standard error (ASE) and root mean square standardized error (RMSSE) of dengue fever morbidity was 0.0122, 0.3625 , 0.4133 and 0.9192. The index of vector population was 0.0143, 0.4155, 0.1653 and 0.9398 respectively. CONCLUSION : Kriging is a good method in producing the spatial distribution map of dengue fever and vector. On the basis of conventional epidemiology and view of geostatistics and GIS (Geographical Information Systems), Kriging can provide reliable evidence for dengue’s surveillance, forecast, control and macroscopical decision making.
Hepatitis B Virus and B-cell lymphoma: evidence, unmet need, clinical impact, and opportunities

Nearly a billion people worldwide are infected with the hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and about a third of them have chronic infection. HBV is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, including acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Screening and control of primary HBV infection through vaccination represent a major advance in global public health, but large sections of the world population, in both developed and underdeveloped countries, remain unscreened and unvaccinated. In addition to being a global cause of liver disease, an important role of HBV in lymphoma has also emerged. First, the high risk of HBV reactivation in previously infected patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy necessitates the systematic evaluation of HBV serological status in all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cases and preemptive antiviral therapy for those who may have chronic or occult HBV infection. Second, HBV has been shown to infect lymphocytes, namely B-cells, and has been associated with a higher risk of developing B-cell lymphoma, most clearly in countries where HBV is endemic. While the risk of HBV reactivation with chemoimmunotherapy in NHL is well known, the role and the impact of HBV as a global lymphoma risk factor and potential oncogenic driver in B-cells are very poorly understood. Here, we review the clinical and scientific evidence supporting an association between HBV and B-cell lymphoma, with a particular focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and provide an overview of the estimated impact of HBV infection on the biology and clinical course of DLBCL. We also discuss ways to gain a better insight into the unmet need posed by HBV in lymphoma and whether assessing immune responses to HBV, measuring viral loads, and detecting the presence of HBV-encoded proteins in tumor tissue could be integrated into the molecular and clinical risk stratification of patients with DLBCL.
Application of the PROSPECTOR system to geological exploration problernst

A practical criterion for the success of a knowledge-based problem -solving system is its usefulness as a tool to those working in its specialized domain of expertise. Here we describe several applications of the PROSPECTOR consultation system to mineral exploration tasks. One was a pilot study conducted for the National Uranium Resource Estimate program of the U.S. Department of Energy. This application estimated the favourability of several test regions for occurrence of sandstone uranium deposits. For credibility, the study was preceded by a performance evaluation of the relevant portion of PROSPECTOR's knowledge base, which showed that PROSPECTOR's conclusions agreed very closely with those of the model designer over a broad range of conditions and levels of detail. A similar uranium favourability evaluation of an area in Alaska was performed for the U.S. Geological Survey. Another application involved measuring the value of a geological map. We comment on characteristics of the PROSPECTOR system that are relevant to the issue of inducing geologists to use the system.
Organizational and Economic Aspects of Technology Transfer in the Work of International Companies

The main goal of this study is to consider the organizational and economic aspects of technology transfer in the activities of international companies in order to increase their level of competitiveness in international markets. The theoretical provisions of technology transfer in the business environment are considered. The technology transfer policy in the international work of companies is revealed. The state of the market of international technology transfer is analyzed, indicating the features of its development in market conditions. The regulatory mechanisms of technology transfer in international companies have been studied. The problematic aspects and prospects of the implementation of technology transfer at the national level in the conditions of the post-war development of the economy of Ukraine are revealed.
EARTHEN MANURE STORAGE COVERS: THEIR ROLE IN NUTRIENT CONSERVATION AND MANURE STABILIZATION

Lagoons have traditionally been the most common storage and treatment system for swine slurry (Overcash et al., 1983). A lagoon is often referred to as an earthen manure storage (EMS) when its treatment effect is not emphasized as is the case in Canada. Open EMSs or lagoons are often the source of offensive odours. The presence of such odours has emerged as a primary public relations issue facing hog producers. Swine manure odours arise primarily from the incomplete decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic degradation. Over 75 malodorous compounds have been identified in swine manure (Barth et al., 1984). Among them, volatile fatty acids, that are intermediate products in the metabolic chain of anaerobic digestion, are the most important group and are usually reported as the major indicators of the offensiveness of odours from manure slurry (Burton, 1997). Installation of covers on manure EMSs is an effective mean for reducing odour emission.
New Generations of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Treating NSCLC with Oncogene Addiction: Strengths and Limitations

Simple Summary This manuscript focuses on improving the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, with actionable gene alterations. The aim is to understand how the treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) can be used and improved. Newer generations of TKIs have better results in controlling the disease and extending patient survival. These drugs also work better in the brain, which is crucial for patients with brain metastases. However, there are challenges. The use of newer TKIs may limit the role of older ones, and resistance to the drugs can emerge. The considerations from this manuscript suggest that understanding the biology of the tumor and the properties of the drugs could help develop new treatment strategies and ultimately benefit patients with this type of lung cancer. Abstract Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) revolutionized the treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring most driver gene alterations. Starting from the first generation, research rapidly moved to the development of newer, more selective generations of TKIs, obtaining improved results in terms of disease control and survival. However, the use of novel generations of TKIs is not without limitations. We reviewed the main results obtained, as well as the ongoing clinical trials with TKIs in oncogene-addicted NSCLC, together with the biology underlying their potential strengths and limitations. Across driver gene alterations, novel generations of TKIs allowed delayed resistance, prolonged survival, and improved brain penetration compared to previous generations, although with different toxicity profiles, that generally moved their use from further lines to the front-line treatment. However, the anticipated positioning of novel generation TKIs leads to abolishing the possibility of TKI treatment sequencing and any role of previous generations. In addition, under the selective pressure of such more potent drugs, resistant clones emerge harboring more complex and hard-to-target resistance mechanisms. Deeper knowledge of tumor biology and drug properties will help identify new strategies, including combinatorial treatments, to continue improving results in patients with oncogene-addicted NSCLC.
BIOMECHANICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ALGORITHM FOR CHOOSING THE OPTION OF DISTAL CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMY OF THE II–IV METATARSAL BONES IN THE TREATMENT OF METATARSALGIA

Deformations of the front part of the foot with valgus deformity of the first toe lead to a redistribution of the body weight load during walking between the heads of the metatarsal bones. At the same time, the load on the head of II and III, and sometimes IV metatarsal bones increases significantly. Objective. To substantiate the choice of the most correct distal metatarsal osteotomy for the treatment of patients with metatarsalgia. Materials and methods. Three variants of distal metatarsal osteotomy were simulated: Weil, Helal, and distal wedge-shaped metatarsal osteotomy. Result. Weil osteotomy allows you to raise the support point of the metatarsal head above the support surface from 2 to 7 mm, depending on the amount of displacement of the head in the proximal direction and the angle of inclination of the metatarsal bone relative to the plane of the support surface, which effectively reduces the load on the metatarsal head during walking, but under conditions of magnitude the angle of inclination of the axis of the metatarsal bone is more than 20°. Helal osteotomy with the subsequent displacement of the separated part proximally, ensures the lifting of the head above the conventional plane of support from 1 to 4 mm, contributes to the effective unloading of the head while standing and while walking. They are used only for severe metatarsalgia. The range of correction of the standing height of the support surface of the metatarsal head for performing a distal wedgeshaped osteotomy is determined to be from 0.6 to 2.9 mm. Its advantage is the independence of the amount of correction from the presence or absence of a decrease in the longitudinal arch of the foot. Conclusions. Weil osteotomy has the worst corrective possibilities of raising the head of the metatarsal bone, but is very easy to perform, so its use is advisable in the absence of reduction of the longitudinal arch of the foot. A wedge-shaped distal osteotomy has a range of correction of the metatarsal headelevation up to 3 mm, but it depends on its diameter, so it is used in the case of a head diameter of at least 10 mm. Helal osteotomy provides the widest range of elevation of the metatarsal head, which does not depend on the presence of any degree of flat feet, but has some technical limitations.
Responses of Tree Species to Hurricane Winds in Subtropical Wet Forest in Puerto Rico: Implications for Tropical Tree Life Histories

JESS K. ZIMMERMAN,* EDWIN M. EVERHAM III,t ROBERT B. WAIDE,* D. JEAN LODGE,*? CHARLOTTE M. TAYLOR,t** and NICHOLAS V. L. BROKAW? *Terrestrial Ecology Division, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 363682, San Juan, PR 00936, tSUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA, IDepartment of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR 00931, ? Manomet Observatory, Box 1770, Manomet, MA 02345, USA
PENGARUH KUALITAS INSTITUSI DAN KINERJA MAKROEKONOMI TERHADAP ARUS MASUK FDI DI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini berfokus dalam mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penanaman modal asing dari sisi kualitas institusi dan kinerja ekonomi. Kualitas institusi dicerminkan dari variabel indeks kapasitas fiskal, penyeselesaian tindak kriminal oleh polisi, dan frekuensi kasus pencurian Sementara itu, kinerja makroekonomi diproksi dengan upah tenaga kerja, pertumbuhan PDRB, dan infrastruktur listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi data panel pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia dari tahun 2015 s.d 2021. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa indeks kapasitas fiskal dan penyelesaian tindak kriminal tidak berpengaruh terhdadap penanaman modal asing, sedangkan frekuensi kasus pencurian memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap penanaman modal asing. Pertumbuhan PDRB dan infrastruktur listrik berpengaruh positif terhadap penanaman modal asing, sedangkan upah tenaga kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap penanaman modal asing.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN PENGUNJUNG BIOSKOP XYZ DI PURWOKERTO TERHADAP PELAYANAN DI MASA PPKM (Studi Kasus Salah Satu Bioskop di Purwokerto)

Bioskop merupakan salah satu industri hiburan bagi masyarakat di Indonesia. Dari data pengunjung bioskop pada tahun 2019-2021, terjadi penurunan yang sangat signifikan dari 27.646. 450 penonton pada tahun 2019, 12.059. 127 pada tahun 2020, dan 2.586. 386 pada tahun 2021. Penyebab terjadinya penurunan ini adalah tingginya jumlah kasus COVID-19 menyebabkan sebagai akibat dari pemberlakuan PPKM untuk menghentikan penyebaran virus ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan pengunjung bioskop terhadap pelayanan pada masa pandemi dan menganalisis tingkat kepentingan kinerja pelayanan pada bioskop XYZ Purwokerto. Responden penelitian ini terdiri dari 100 responden. Metode yang digunakan adalah CSI (Customer Satisfaction Index) dan IPA (Importance Performance Analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kepuasan pengunjung bioskop sebesar 74,65% yang berada dalam kategori puas. Sedangkan untuk hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metode IPA, rata-rata tingkat kepentingan pelayanan menurut konsumen sebesar 4,22, sedangkan tingkat kinerja sebesar 3,73.Jaminan keamanan dan kebersihan selama di lingkungan bioskop, serta komunikasi antara pengunjung dan karyawan bioskop berada dalam kuadran A, yang berarti indikator-indikator ini menjadi prioritas utama dalam perbaikan layanan. Usulan yang diberikan adalah mensterilkan bioskop secara berkala, menyemprotkan disinfektan untuk menghindari paparan virus, dan meningkatkan keamanan dengan menambahkan CCTV di setiap bagian lingkungan bioskop.
Crecimiento, Desigualdad Y Pobreza: Estado De La Cuestión (Growth, Inequality and Poverty: State of Affairs)

Spanish Abstract: En las ultimas decadas ha aumentado la bibliografia sobre la relacion entre el crecimiento economico y su impacto social. Los sucesivos fracasos en la lucha contra la pobreza han dado lugar a nuevas estrategias para combatirla, como el “crecimiento pro-pobre. ” Este articulo hace una critica teorica y metodologica de dichas estrategias y plantea la necesidad de un enfoque estructural e institucional para mejorar sus resultados.English Abstract: In recent decades there has been an increase in the literature on the relationship between economic growth and its social impact. The successive failures in the fight against poverty have led to new strategies to combat it, an example of which is "pro-poor growth. " This paper critiques these strategies from theoretical and methodological perspectives. It also lays out the need for a structural and institutional approach to improve results.
Optimal Bowel Preparation Method to Visualize the Distal Ileum via Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy

Small bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is a convenient and minimally invasive method widely used to evaluate the small intestine. However, especially in the distal ileum, visualization of the intestinal mucosa is frequently hampered by the remaining intestinal contents, making it difficult to detect critical lesions. Although several studies have reported on the efficacy of bowel preparation before SBCE, no standardized protocol has been established. Herein, we determined the optimal preparation method for better visualization of the distal ileum using SBCE. We retrospectively analyzed 259 consecutive patients who had undergone SBCE between July 2009 and December 2019, divided into three groups: Group A (no preparation except overnight fasting), Group B (ingestion of 1–2 L polyethylene glycol 4 h before colonoscopy after overnight fasting and performing SBCE immediately after colonoscopy), and Group C (ingestion of 0.9 L magnesium citrate [MC] before SBCE after overnight fasting). The visibility of the intestinal mucosa in the first 10 min and at the last 10 min during the period of observation of the distal ileum was examined using a scoring system and compared. The visibility of the images captured by SBCE was assessed based on the scoring of the degree of bile/chyme staining, residual fluid and debris, brightness, bubble reduction, and visualized mucosa. The status of intestinal collapse was also assessed. In the first 10 min of observation of the distal ileum, no significant differences were detected among the groups. In the last 10 min, significantly better images were acquired in Group C in terms of bile/chyme staining, brightness, bubble reduction, and visualized mucosa. Bowel preparation using a low-dose MC solution 2 h before SBCE provided significantly higher-quality images of the distal ileum. Further optimization, such as the timing of initiating the preparation, is necessary to determine the optimal regimen for bowel preparation prior to SBCE.
Satellite monitoring of smoke from the Kuwait oil fires

The smoke from the oil fires in Kuwait was easily visible in observations from weather satellites in polar and geosynchronous orbits. A portable work station provided these data for planning the National Center for Atmospheric Research and University of Washington research aircraft flights out of Bahrain during the Kuwait Oil-Fire Smoke Experiment. Meteosat visible and infrared satellite observations indicate that the smoke often traveled southeast along the west shore of the Persian Gulf as far as Bahrain, at which point it typically turned west or continued south toward the Arabian coast. The smoke was difficult to detect from satellite observations as it moved over water and at large distances from the source during the night from infrared observations. Also notable among the daily satellite images were the frequent, intense dust storms that seemed to form in Syria and northern Iraq and transport dust southeastward over Kuwait, and often to northwestern Saudi Arabia. Clouds were virtually absent during the months of May and June within the first several hundred kilometers along the plume direction. Surface temperatures in Bahrain during April and August 1991 were lower than average by as much as 1°–3.2°C, and are significant compared to the climatological variability of average minimum and mean temperatures for the summer months.