Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increased Levels of Copeptin before Clinical Diagnosis of Preelcampsia

P reeclampsia, defined by new onset hypertension and pro-teinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, increases risks for both maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. 1 Complicating 2% to 8% of pregnancies, 1 it remains a serious pregnancy complication with uncertain cause. Therefore, the identification of potential biomarkers of preeclampsia before clinical diagnosis remains important. Arginine vasopressin (also known as antidiuretic hormone) is a multifunctional regulatory hormone playing crucial roles in osmotic homeostasis and blood pressure regulation through 3 receptors. Vasopressin activation of V1a receptors , expressed in vascular walls, leads to vasoconstriction, whereas V2 receptors triggers water reabsorption through aquaporin in the kidney. 5 Arterial vasodilation systemically rises, whereas osmolality declines in early pregnancy. 6 This vasodilation triggers both increases in cardiac output and non-osmotic vasopressin release in normal pregnancy consequent to renal vasodilation. 7 Vasopressin continues to rise in spite of the decrease in osmolality, suggesting a resetting of homeo-stasis. However in humans, vasopressinase, produced by the placental trophoblast, also rises dramatically to metabolize vasopressin, thus regulating the hormone's effects. 7 Multiple pathways linking vasopressin to the development of preeclampsia have been proposed. Directly, increased vasopressin may decrease kidney function and may increase blood pressure through the V1a and V2 receptors. 5,10 Indirectly, abnormal endothelial function may lead to decreased vasodi-lation that alters vasopressin expression. 7 Finally, it has also been postulated that vasopressinase that cleaves vasopressin byproducts may still have reactivity, particularly for increasing its pressor activity via the V1 receptor. 11 However, empirical evidence suggests that cleavage removes bioactivity. 12 Given that vasopressin may play a role in preeclampsia, we measured copeptin, a biomarker of vasopressin, in maternal serum collected during pregnancy before the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. Copeptin is the cleavage product of the C-terminal part of preprovasopressin and has no known function. 5 Vasopressin, with a half-life of only 24 minutes, 13 cannot serve as a reliable biomarker. 14 In addition, during pregnancy, placentally produced vasopressinase breaks down vasopressin, Abstract—Copeptin, a surrogate biomarker of vasopressin, has been associated with renal function decline and may serve as a useful early biomarker for preeclampsia. We measured serum copeptin using samples collected longitudinally during pregnancy among unaffected controls (n=136) and cases of preeclampsia (n=169), gestational diabetes mellitus (n=92), gestational hypertension (n=101), and preterm birth (n=86) in the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial (1992–1995). Preeclampsia and gestational hypertension were defined as having a diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg …
Increased Maternal Serum Placental Growth Hormone Variant in Pregnancies Complicated with Otosclerosis

Otosclerosis is a common form of progressive hearing loss in adults, which characterized by alternating phases of bone resorption and formation [1]. The activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts plays an important role in the disease process [2]. Its aetiology remains poorly understood with a number of possible factors implicated in its development, including genetics, autoimmunity, viruses, inflammation, and hormones [3]. Hormone factors, especially estrogen, have long been considered to involve in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis due to the observations that increased occurrence or aggravation of the hearing loss in women during or shortly after pregnancy [4, 5]. However, a retrospective study by Lippy et al., on 128 women does not support this belief [6]. Moreover, despite the well-established participation of estrogen in osteoblastic function [7], hormonal influence of oral contraceptives does not predispose the female population to an increase in otosclerosis [8]. Therefore, based on the current evidence, the definitive conclusions, in terms of the association of otosclerosis and pregnancy, cannot be drawn.
Millennial-scale changes in North Atlantic Deep Water circulation during marine isotope stages 11 and 12: Linkage to Antarctic climate

The time interval represented by marine isotope stages (MIS) 11 and 12 (ca. 360–470 ka) may contain the most extreme glacial and interglacial climate conditions of the late Pleistocene. Sediments from the Bermuda Rise (western North Atlantic) provide clues to the nature of climate variability during this period. Our geochemical records indicate that millennial-scale climate instability and associated changes in North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) production occurred during both interglacial MIS 11 and glacial MIS 12. Stage 12 is punctuated by a series of interstadial events that occurred at a 5–6 k.y. periodicity, and the occurrence of ice-rafted debris at various times during stage 12 indicates that icebergs were present at least as far south as 34°N during this glacial period. Within the limits of our correlation, the atmospheric temperature changes recently reported for the Vostok ice core for the stage 11 time period appear to be represented by coeval changes in NADW flow. Specifically, warming in Antarctica is associated with increased production of NADW.
Upwind‐weighted advection schemes for ocean tracer transport: An evaluation in a passive tracer context

Centered-in-space, centered-in-time integration has generally been used for the advection of scalars in ocean models. An assessment is made of the implications of centered leapfrog integration in the context of two-dimensional passive tracer advection within a Stommel (1948) gyre. Nonphysical ripples in the tracer field grow to alarming levels in purely advective integrations. Diffusive parameterizations of eddy mixing moderate these ripples, but it is found that Laplacian diffusion greatly reduces the peak amplitude of the tracer field, while biharmonic or weaker Laplacian diffusion allows ripples of large amplitude. Several forward-in-time, upwind-weighted schemes are found to provide better solutions. Smolarkiewicz's (1984) Multi-Dimensional Positive-Definite Advection and Transport Algorithm (MPDATA) scheme is slightly superior for an integration at moderate resolution within which the western boundary current is poorly resolved in typical fashion. Third-order, upwind-based schemes exhibit little sensitivity to the details of multidimensional treatment for this problem of passive tracer advection, with results nearly as good as for MPDATA.
Identifying saltcedar with hyperspectral data and support vectormachines

Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) are a group of dense phreatophytic shrubs and trees that are invasive to riparian areas throughout the United States. This study determined the feasibility of using hyperspectral data and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to discriminate saltcedar from other cover types in west Texas. Spectral measurements were collected with a ground-based hyperspectral spectroradiometer (spectral range 350–2500 nm) in December 2008 and April 2009. Spectral data consisting of 1698 spectral bands (400–1349, 1441–1789, 1991–2359 nm) were subjected to a support vector machine classification to differentiate saltcedar from other vegetative and non-vegetative classes. For both dates, a linear kernel model with a C value (error penalty) of 100 was found optimum for separating saltcedar from the other classes. It identified saltcedar with accuracies ranging from 95% to 100%. Findings support further exploration of hyperspectral remote sensing technology and SVM classifiers for differentiating saltcedar from other cover types.
Mechanisms of substrate recognition by the AAA+ protease HslUV

Protein degradation is a central component of all biological processes. The proteome must constantly change in response to environmental stimuli. As a result, protein synthesis and regulated proteolysis are vital to cell survival. In Escherichia coli, the protease HslUV is one of five ATP-dependent proteases that shoulder the major burden of intracellular protein degradation. Although ample data exist for describing the structural architecture of the HslUV protease, very little is known about its mechanisms of function. I took a two-pronged approach to understand the functional principles that govern this protease. My first goal was to understand the rules of substrate recognition. To do so, I performed a variety of experiments on two model proteins: Arc repressor and λcI repressor. I found that both substrates had common requirements for HslUV degradation, suggesting a conserved mode of recognition by this protease. Mutagenesis of either substrate terminus affected binding and degradation kinetics. While degron mutations generally affect only enzyme-substrate binding properties in other bacterial proteases, the changes described here often affected the maximal rate of HslUV degradation. Moreover, specific occlusion of either the N-terminus or C-terminus of these substrates resulted in a substantial defect in degradation. A synergistic inhibitory effect was observed for the simultaneous masking of both termini. These results suggested a mechanism of tethering prior to engagement for degradation of HslUV substrates. I then sought to define the regions of HslU that were important for recognition and found that two segments, the GYVG pore loop and the intermediate (I) domain, played crucial roles. Investigation of mutants altered at these sites supported a mechanism of tethering of the substrate C-terminus to the I domain and engagement of the substrate N-terminus in the pore. I showed that degradation of an Arc substrate proceeds processively from the N-terminus towards the Cterminus, lending further support to this idea. Interestingly, I also discovered that the I domain plays a very important role in ATP hydrolysis by HslU and coordinates substrate recognition and stimulation of ATP turnover. This trait appears to be unique for HslU and is not a property of the accessory domains of other AAA+ protein unfolding machines. Thesis Supervisor: Robert T. Sauer
Land use information for integrated natural resources management—a coordinated national mapping program for Australia

Land use has profound effects on soil, vegetation and water resources. In Australia, land use information has a critical role to play in developing effective responses to natural resource management problems such as salinity, water quality and the maintenance of biodiversity—at national, regional and local levels. This calls for strategic collation and delivery of land use mapping. This paper describes key elements of a nationally coordinated land use mapping program in Australia, including mapping scales, procedures, and technical and scientific challenges. Case study examples of the discrimination and reporting of land use change are presented. Discussion points to the need to tailor analyses of land use change to dynamics that are relevant to management issues and key biophysical and human drivers of change. Four broad approaches to measuring and reporting land use change are suggested and future developments identified. The Australian Collaborative Land Use Mapping Program is presented as a successful collaborative model for the production of nationally consistent land use information.
The association between having assistive devices and activities of daily living ability and health-related quality of life: An exploratory cross-sectional study of people with advanced cancer

Assistive devices may contribute to enabling activities of daily living (ADL) ability and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for people with advanced cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the association between having assistive devices and ADL ability and HRQoL, respectively, among people with advanced cancer. A cross-sectional study of 164 participants with advanced cancer was conducted. Self-reported ADL ability was assessed using the ADL–Interview, and HRQoL was assessed using the European Organization for Research Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Data regarding assistive devices was collected using a study-specific questionnaire. Data was collected in the homes of the participants and analysed using multiple linear regression. The regression coefficients (B) were presented in crude form and adjusted for potential confounding variables (age, gender, cohabiting, receiving help, physical functioning, fatigue and pain). P-values (P) <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results revealed that Participants with assistive devices had the same HRQoL but lower ADL ability ability (B = -0.923, P = <0.0001 than participants without assistive devices. However, the low ADL ability was probably related to low physical functioning and not the assistive device. No significant association was found between having assistive devices and HRQoL.
Forecasting Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease Cases Using a Wavelet-based SARIMA-NNAR Hybrid Model

Background: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease(HFMD) is one of the most common diseases in children, which has high morbidity. Reliable forecasting is significant for prevention and control. Recently, hybrid models have been becoming popular and wavelet analysis has been widely used. Better prediction accuracy may be achieved with wavelet-based hybrid models. Thus, our aim is to forecast number of HFMD cases with wavelet-based hybrid models. Materials and methods: We fitted a wavelet-based SARIMA(seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average)-NNAR(neural network nonlinear autoregressive) hybrid model with HFMD weekly cases from 2009 to 2016 in Zhengzhou, China. At the same time, single SARIMA model, simplex NNAR model and pure SARIMA-NNAR hybrid model were established as well for comparison and estimation. Results: The wavelet-based SARIMA-NNAR hybrid model had an excellent performance whether in fitting or in forecasting compared to other models. Its fitted and forecasting time series were approximate to the actual observed time series. Conclusions: This wavelet-based SARIMA-NNAR hybrid model that we fitted is suitable for forecasting number of HFMD cases. It will facilitate prevention and control of HFMD.
Swimming in the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki: analysis of in situ video recordings

Swimming activity of the Antarctic scallop at a temperature of c. −1.4°C was analysed using in situ video recordings obtained from a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea. Data are presented on swimming trajectories, distance travelled and velocity during a swimming bout, adduction frequency, shell gape angle, and the angular opening and closing velocities of shell. This scallop is an effective swimmer although swimming bouts in response to the ROV were generally short, consisting of 2–5 adduction cycles in the take-off phase followed by 1–4 (exceptionally 14) adductions during level swimming. The maximum velocity during each adduction cycle ranged from 19.4–43.1 cm s−1 and the mean velocity during a swimming bout from 12.0–23.5 cm s−1. Each adduction cycle consists of opening, closing and glide phases of approximately equal duration. Adduction frequency during swimming averaged 1.5 adductions s−1.
Estimation of the Crustal Vp/Vs Ratio with Dipping Moho from Receiver Functions

The Moho discontinuity is often deformed by complex forces in tectonic zones, which may lead to a dipping Moho locally. In order to obtain accurate crustal Vp/Vs ratio for these regions, this paper proposed a H-κ-θ stacking method to estimate the crustal Vp/Vs and thickness, which considers the responses of a dipping Moho. Both radial and tangential receiver functions were stacked, so that improves the scanning precision. Results of its application to southeastern Tibet indicate that the crustal thickness beneath southeastern Tibet varied notably. The average crustal thickness is about 60 km, 47 km and 43 km in Songpan-Garze fold system, Sichuan basin and Yangtze platform, respectively, with a normal value in Sanjiang fold zone and southeastern Yangtze platform. The crustal Vp/Vs ratio is higher in the region between the Songpan-Garze fold system and Yangtze platform, and is abnormally highest to the west of Sichuan basin (> 1.88). We presume that the eastward crustal material flow was resisted by the Sichuan basin with high strength, and accumulated at west of Sichuan, consequently resulting in the unusual high Vp/Vs anomaly.
Simultaneous measurements of stem radius variation and sap flux density reveal synchronisation of water storage and transpiration dynamics in olive trees

Continuous stem water relations, sap flux and radial variation, and soil moisture were monitored in rainfed and irrigated mature olive (Olea europaea L.) trees in field conditions in central Italy. A mathematical procedure was applied to describe plant–environment dependences in order to facilitate the identification of the correspondence between stem factors (sap flow and diameter variation) and environmental parameters (water availability and evaporative demand). A direct correspondence between the time series of the monitored parameters was observed in the two growing seasons. Soil water content was synchronous to stem diameter variation in irrigated trees, whereas they were asynchronous in rainfed conditions. On a daily basis, sap flux density showed an opposite trend with respect to patterns of vapour pressure deficit and evapotranspiration (ET0) in spring, corresponded to the course of ET0 in summer and lagged behind ET0 in autumn. Maximum daily shrinkage was correlated with vapour pressure deficit (R2 = 0.50, in rainfed; R2 = 0.51, in irrigated plants), whereas it was not significantly related to ET0. Conversely, cumulative sap flow showed a good relationship with ET0 (R2 = 0.60, in rainfed; R2 = 0.51, in irrigated plants) and scaled exponentially with maximum daily shrinkage (R2 = 0.56, in rainfed; R2 = 0.61, in irrigated plants), indicating consistent radial transfer of water between xylem and phloem. The proposed analytical approach highlights the importance of combining measured parameters and sensor outputs in order to determine adjustments of specific plant functionality traits, such as the dynamics of water status in trees, for modelling and practical uses. This study also indicates a different accounting of the effect of microclimatic variables on plant signals based on stem sensors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive effect of specific low frequency electrical stimulation during short-term recovery on subsequent high intensity exercise

Bieuzen, François; Borne, Rachel; Toussaint, Jean-François; Hausswirth, Christophe. 4 5 Address for correspondence 6 François Bieuzen, Ph.D., Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport, 7 Expertise and Performance (INSEP) 11 ave. du Tremblay, 75012 Paris, France. Phone: +33 4174 8 4165; Fax: +33 4174 4535; email: francois.bieuzen@insep.fr 9 Co-authors 10 Rachel Borne, MSc. , Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport, 11 Expertise and Performance (INSEP) Paris, France. Email: rachel.borne@insep.fr 12 Jean-François Toussaint, Ph.D., IRMES, French Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance 13 (INSEP) Paris, France. Email: jean-francois.toussaint@insep.fr 14 Christophe Hausswirth, Ph.D., Laboratory of Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of 15 Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP) Paris, France. Email: christophe.hausswirth@insep.fr 16
Walrus harvest locations reflect adaptation: a contribution from a community-based observation network in the Bering Sea

The Bering Sea Sub-Network, a Community-Based Observation Network, was initiated to improve knowledge of environmental changes occurring in the Bering Sea and to enable scientists, Arctic communities and governments to predict, plan and respond. Climate change can affect the health of the social-ecological system of Indigenous communities through negative effects to travel and changes to biological resources used for subsistence. Harvesters are perceptive of, and often have multigenerational knowledge about, the environmental conditions which subsistence activities are dependent upon. Community monitoring can detect local level environmental changes, and provide society with examples of adaptation strategies. Semi-structured interviews, with a participatory mapping component, were used to collect data on marine subsistence activity in Indigenous communities bordering the Bering Sea, in the Russian Federation and Alaska, USA. Spatial data allow exploration of human responses to change over time. In the Yup'ik village of Togiak, Alaska a shift has occurred in recent years in where residents harvest walrus, while seasonal regulations remain static. This may cause residents to travel farther in more dangerous conditions. The co-management system in place could be an effective forum to deal with change as it was structured to incorporate local input in adaptive management.
Flowering date of taxonomic families predicts phenological sensitivity to temperature: Implications for forecasting the effects of climate change on unstudied taxa.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Numerous long-term studies in seasonal habitats have tracked interannual variation in first flowering date (FFD) in relation to climate, documenting the effect of warming on the FFD of many species. Despite these efforts, long-term phenological observations are still lacking for many species. If we could forecast responses based on taxonomic affinity, however, then we could leverage existing data to predict the climate-related phenological shifts of many taxa not yet studied. METHODS We examined phenological time series of 1226 species occurrences (1031 unique species in 119 families) across seven sites in North America and England to determine whether family membership (or family mean FFD) predicts the sensitivity of FFD to standardized interannual changes in temperature and precipitation during seasonal periods before flowering and whether families differ significantly in the direction of their phenological shifts. KEY RESULTS Patterns observed among species within and across sites are mirrored among family means across sites; early-flowering families advance their FFD in response to warming more than late-flowering families. By contrast, we found no consistent relationships among taxa between mean FFD and sensitivity to precipitation as measured here. CONCLUSIONS Family membership can be used to identify taxa of high and low sensitivity to temperature within the seasonal, temperate zone plant communities analyzed here. The high sensitivity of early-flowering families (and the absence of early-flowering families not sensitive to temperature) may reflect plasticity in flowering time, which may be adaptive in environments where early-season conditions are highly variable among years.