Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of rating classifications on stock prices of Brazilian companies

Purpose This paper aims to identify if there is an impact of the rating announcements issued by the agencies on the returns of the stocks of Brazilian companies listed on Brasil Bolsa Balcão, from August 2002 to August 2018, identifying which types of announcement (upgrade, downgrade or the same initial classification) cause variations in prices around the date of disclosure of the rating. Design/methodology/approach The event study methodology was applied to verify the market reaction around the announcement dates in a 21-day event window (−10, +10). The market model was used to calculate the abnormal returns (ARs), and subsequently, the accumulated ARs. Findings The hypotheses tests allowed to verify that the accumulated ARs are different, before and after the three types of rating announcements (upgrades, downgrades and the same classification); in upgrades, the mean of accumulated ARs increases in the days before the event, while in downgrades, this increase occurs after the event. This paper concluded that the rating announcements have an impact on the return of stock of the Brazilian market and that the market reaction occurs most of the time before the event happens, which indicates that the market can anticipate the information contained in the changes in credit ratings. Practical implications The results have considerable implications for portfolio managers, institutional investors and traders. It facilitates investment decision-making in the face of rating classification announcements. Market participants can pay more attention to their investment strategies and asset allocation during periods of risk rating announcements. Additionally, traders can understand the form of investment strategy for superior earnings. Originality/value The importance of the study is related to the fact that the results may explain the causes of specific movements in the Brazilian financial market related to a source of information that may or may not be able to influence the decisions of the financial agents that operate in this market. The justification is centred on the idea that, for investors who somehow react to the announcements, it is relevant to understand the impact of rating classifications on companies, as access to such information allows for more conscious decision-making.
Facet level effects of extraversion on leadership behaviours rated by subordinates

Abstract Several meta-analyses have shown extraversion to be an important predictor of leadership emergence, effectiveness, and behaviour. However, in recent years researchers have shown that in some settings, introverts are equal or even superior leaders. There have also been several calls for researchers to focus on narrower personality traits, as these might be more valid predictors than broader traits. For that reason, the relationship between facets of extraversion and leadership behaviour was investigated. In this study, both leaders and their subordinates (N = 234) participated. Leaders completed the NEO personality inventory and the change, production, employee (CPE) leadership behaviour instrument, while subordinates rated their leader using CPE. Regression analyses showed that the domain extraversion mostly followed the same patterns as in previous studies, being positively related to change and production leadership behaviour. The facets were, however, differently related to leadership behaviours. Assertiveness was positively related to subordinate rated change and production, while excitement seeking was negatively related to self-rated production and subordinate rated employee focused behaviour. The negative relations of excitement seeking illustrates the value of facet-level analysis of personality.
Diabetic Macular Ischemia Diagnosis: Comparison between Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography & Fundus Fluorescein Angiography

Background: OCT-A is developing as a new non-invasive rapid technique which may replace FFA as a gold standard procedure for diagnosis of DMI. Aim of the Work: Comparison between fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for imaging of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in diabetic retinopathy patients (DR) affected and not affected by diabetic macular ischemia, (DMI). Subjects and Methods: In this prospective study, 30 eyes for 30 patients and separated by macular status as 19 eyes with DMI and 11 eyes without DMI instructed to undergo OCT-A scan, FFA. Full ophthalmological examination was done and patients signed their informed consents. Results: Of the 30 patients, 13 females and 17 males with a mean age of 52.63 ± 11.9 years. 17 eyes with DMI and 13 eyes without DMI have underwent full ophthalmological examination, BCVA measurement, FFA and OCT-A. BCVA was higher among eyes without DMI (0.5 ±0.2) as compared with eyes with DMI (0.25 ±0.2). Mean time for FFA was 9.4 ± 3.2 m and for OCT-A was 1.5 ± 0.8 m. OCTA can save time than FFA by 85%. 57% was affected with artifacts with OCT-A while 7% has allergic reactions to flourescien dye. Subjects with DMI presented a mean area on FA and OCTA of 0.85 ± 0.2 mm 2 and 0.79± 0.2 mm 2 , respectively (p = 0.001). Patients without DMI presented a mean area on FA and OCTA of 0.39 ± 0.1 mm 2 and 0.36 ± 0.1 mm 2 , respectively (p = 0.01). The ICC for the FAZ measurements between the 2 observers on FA and OCTA was 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: OCTA represents a novel technique to diagnose DMI and it may become an alternative to FA for this purpose.
The Macaronesian endemic moss Andoa berthelotiana (Myuriaceae, Bryophyta): Phylogenetic relationships and cryptic speciation

: The Macaronesian endemic pleurocarpous moss species Andoa berthelotiana occurs in the Madeira, Azores and Canary Islands archipelagos. It has a checkered taxonomic history with placements in different genera or, as monospecific genus Andoa , in different families, most frequently in the Hypnaceae. Earlier molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated a close relationship of Andoa with Ctenidium , Hyocomium and Myurium in a clade corresponding to Myuriaceae, which was supported in the present study based on a larger sampling and markers from all three genomes (chloroplast trnL-trnF , nuclear ribosomal ITS and mitochondrial nad5 ). Haplotype networks of the nad5 and ITS sequences as well as AFLP fingerprinting data revealed the existence of two intraspecific lineages in Andoa berthelotiana , one occurring in Madeira and the Canary Islands and the other in the Azores. The trnL-trnF haplotype network contradicts this geographic pattern, however, the position of the two mutations differentiating the trnL-trnF haplotypes suggests that they may not be phylogenetically informative. A detailed morphological analysis of plants from the Azores and Madeira indicates the existence of distinguishing characters that correspond with the two molecular lineages. However, the considerable morphological overlap observed would hamper the identification of specimens if both lineages were formally described as separate taxa. We therefore suggest treating the two lineages of Andoa as semi-cryptic species.
Proportion and risk factors of postnatal depression among women delivering in a government tertiary care hospital in Kerala, India

Postpartum depression also known as postnatal depression is a non-psychotic depressive disorder of variable severity and it can begin as early as two weeks after delivery and can persist indefinitely if untreated. The illness can cause distress and impair a mother’s ability to carry out her normal tasks, care for herself and care of her baby. Pregnancy and child birth can be a very rewarding and exciting time, but it can also be a period of severe emotional stress as seen in the estimated 10-25% of women suffering from postpartum depression. Much emphasis has been placed on the antenatal health than the postnatal health and more on the physical than the mental health of the mother in the developing countries. Based on the onset and the severity of postpartum mood disorders, it has been divided into three categories.
Developing and Assessing Computational Thinking in Secondary Education using a TPACK Guided Scratch Visual Execution Environment

Effective and reliable assessment approaches to computational thinking in secondary education are in demand. This paper uses a guided technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework, incorporating a visual execution environment (VEE) and Scratch project for secondary school students as a method to teach and assess computational thinking. The objective is to investigate if computational thinking and programming concepts can be improved upon following this method, and if the K-12 children are able to improve their computational thinking skills. The research study was conducted over 2 years in a school setting using the guided VEE and project developed following the dimensions of Computational Thinking process. The project participants came from two cohorts, an after-school programming camp and an in-school environment. Data was collected over two academic years and a quasi-experimental procedure with pre- and post-test was followed. The results demonstrate knowledge gain on computational and programming concepts and encourages us to convey how students translate (as opposed to transfer) their computational thinking experiences into reality. The results indicate the students achieved significant improvement in their computational thinking development.
Varietal dependence of chemoprotective substances in fresh and frozen spinach (Spinacia oleracea, L.)

Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) is an important source of bioactive compounds. It is commonly consumed fresh or frozen products. Spinach is rich sources of polyphenols, it is a good source of vitamin C and has potential beneficial properties for human health. This study provides some knowledge about content of total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity in selected varieties of fresh and frozen spinach samples. Four spinach cultivars (Boa , Hudson , Chica , Trombone ) were analysed. The content of the total polyphenols (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR). Antioxidant activity (AA) was measured using a compound DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The content of total polyhenols in fresh samples of spinach ranged from 975 ±97.15 mg.kg -1 to 1493 ±50.42 mg.kg -1 and values of antioxidant activity were in interval from 77.55 ±0.34% to 82.57 ±0.83%. The highest level of TP content in fresh spinach was recorded in variety Hudson (1493 mg.kg -1 ) and the lowest in variety Chica (975 mg.kg -1 ). Between these varieties statistically significant difference in the content of total polyphenols was found. The highest value of antioxidant activity in fresh spinach was recorded in variety Trombone (82.57%) and the lowest in variety Boa (78.59%). This difference was also statistically significant. The highest level of TP content in frozen spinach samples was found in variety Hudson (1749 mg.kg -1 ) and the lowest in variety Chica (855 mg.kg -1 ). The values of antioxidant activity in frozen spinach samples were in range from 45.86 ±7.84% to 79.67 ±0.88%. The highest value of antioxidant activity in frozen spinach was found in variety Hudson (79.67%) and the lowest in variety Chica (45.86%).
Intercultural sensitivity, intercultural competence and their relationship with perceived stress among nurses: evidence from Iran

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study is to investigate sensitivity and crosscultural competence, and their relationship with nurses' stress. The study was performed on 310 nurses selected by random sampling. Data were collected by demography, competence, intercultural sensitivity, and stress questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Results indicated intercultural competence was moderate and intercultural sensitivity was low. Nurses' stress was high and had a significant inverse relationship with their competency and cross-cultural sensitivity. Respect for intercultural interaction had the highest mean and enjoyment from intercultural interaction had the lowest mean. Multivariate analysis of variables showed that only respect for cultural diversity could be a predictor of low mean scores of nurses' perceived stress. With increasing intercultural competence and sensitivity, patients' stress in intercultural care decreases. Therefore, the role of culture and intercultural care in nursing education should be emphasized.
Vapor-Phase Atomic Layer Deposition of Nickel Sulfide and Its Application for Efficient Oxygen-Evolution Electrocatalysis

Vapor-phase atomic layer deposition (ALD) of nickel sulfide (NiSx) is comprehensively reported for the first time. The deposition process employs bis(N,N′-di-tert-butylacetamidinato)nickel(II) and H2S as the reactants and is able to produce fairly smooth, pure, godlevskite-structured NiSx thin films following an ideal layer-by-layer ALD growth fashion for a relatively wide process temperature range from 90–200 °C. Excellent conformal coating is demonstrated for this ALD process, as the deposited NiSx films are able to uniformly and conformally cover deep narrow trenches with aspect ratio as high as 10:1, which highlights the general and broad applicability of this ALD process for fabricating complex 3D-structured nanodevices. Further, we demonstrate the applications of this ALD NiSx for oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. The ALD NiSx is found to convert to nickel (oxy)hydrate after electrochemical aging, and the aged product shows a remarkable electrocatalytic activity and long-term stabili.
Effect of Electrospinning Parameters on the Fiber Diameter and Morphology of PLGA Nanofibers

Background: Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been widely investigated for various biomedical applications, such as craniofacial bone regeneration, wound dressing and tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a versatile technology used to produce micro/nanoscale fibers with large specific surface area and high porosity. Purpose: The aim of the current study is to prepare PLGA nanofibers using electrospinning for guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration applications. The objective of this study is to determine the appropriate electrospinning parameters such as applied voltage, flow rate, spinneret-collector distance and polymer solution concentration for preparation of PLGA fibrous membrane and their effect on the mean fiber diameter of the electrospun fibers. Method: PLGA pellets were dissolved in Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in various concentrations overnight using a bench rocker. The resulting PLGA solution was then loaded into a syringe and electrospinning was done by maintaining the other parameters constant. Similarly, various fibrous mats were collected by altering the specific electrospinning parameter inputs such as applied voltage, flow rate and spinneret-collector distance. The morphology of the fibrous mats was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope. The mean fiber diameter was assessed using ImageJ software and the results were compared using one-way ANOVA. Results: We obtained bead-free uniform fibers with various tested solution concentrations. One-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated significant variation in mean fiber diameter of the electrospun fibers with altering applied voltage, solution concentration, flow rate and spinneret-collector distance. Conclusion: The above-mentioned electrospinning parameters and solution concentration influence the mean fiber diameter of electrospun PLGA nanofibers.
Drivers of change in the realised climatic niche of terrestrial mammals

The breadth of a species’ climatic niche is an important ecological trait that allows adaptation to climate change, but human activities often reduce realised niche breadth by impacting species distributions. Some life-history traits, such as dispersal ability and reproductive speed, allow species to cope with both human impact and climate change. But how do these traits interact with human pressure to determine niche change? Here we investigate the patterns and drivers of change in the realised climatic niche of 258 terrestrial mammal species. Our goal is to disentangle the impacts of human land use, climate change and life history. We quantified the past and present climatic niches of each species by considering past climatic conditions (Mid Holocene) within their pre-human impact distributions, and current climatic conditions within the current distributions. Depending on the difference between past and current niche, we defined four categories of change: ‘shrink’, ‘shift’, ‘stable’ and ‘expand’. We found over half of the species in our sample have undergone niche shrink, while only one in six retained a stable niche. Climate change and distribution change were the strongest correlates of species niche change, followed by biogeography, anthropogenic land use and life-history traits. Factors that increased the probability of niche shrink included: overall climatic instability, reduction in distribution range, historical land use, large body mass and long weaning age. Species with these characteristics might require interventions that facilitate natural dispersal or assisted colonisation to survive rapidly changing climates.
A narrative review of radiation-related malignancy in the pelvis

: Radiation therapy is a central treatment modality for the management of various pelvic malignancies and prior data has supported a relationship between radiation exposure and the development of long-term treatment sequelae. One of the most consequential long-term side effects of radiation therapy is the risk of developing a secondary malignancy. With advancements in radiotherapy delivery and a better appreciation of underlying tumor biology, additional considerations are needed when assessing the risk of radiation-mediated malignancies. Also, several adjacent normal structures within the pelvis may be affected by radiation-mediated toxicity, driven in part by acute and chronic inflammation. Depending on treatment modality and primary tumor location, various steps can be taken in radiation planning to reduce the risk of these side effects, which may negatively affect the patient’s quality of life. As cancer survivorship continues to increase, it is important to understand both the treatment and biologic variables which influence the risk of developing secondary malignancies in order to minimize the risk for treatment side effects and the late effect of secondary malignancy. Herein, we will provide an overview of secondary malignancies in the context of receiving therapeutic radiation to the pelvis and will highlight biologic considerations that may influence this risk. in rare, and direct comparisons of SMN risk in anatomically similar tumors between pediatric and adult patients are not robust enough to make definitive conclusions.
MyPathway HER2 basket study: Pertuzumab (P) + trastuzumab (H) treatment of a large, tissue-agnostic cohort of patients with HER2-positive advanced solid tumors.

3004 Background: HER2 ( ERBB2) amplification and/or overexpression is observed in 2–3% of solid tumors, and is often associated with more aggressive disease. Thus far, HER2-targeted therapies are FDA-approved only for breast, gastric, and gastroesophageal cancers. MyPathway (NCT02091141) is a non-randomized, phase 2a multi-basket study assessing the activity of FDA-approved targeted therapies in non-indicated advanced solid tumors with relevant molecular alterations. We report results from the MyPathway HER2 basket, comprising a large, tissue-agnostic cohort of patients (pts) with HER2-altered tumors treated with P + H. Methods: Pts in this analysis were aged ≥18 years and had HER2-amplified and/or overexpressed tumors. Pts received P (840-mg IV loading dose, then 420-mg every 3 weeks [q3w]) + H (8-mg/kg IV loading dose, then 6-mg/kg q3w). The primary efficacy endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Other endpoints included disease control rate (DCR, defined by objective response or stable disease >4 mos) and duration of response (DOR). Subgroup analyses were completed by tumor type and KRAS status. Results: Pts were fully enrolled from April 14, 2014 to June 15, 2020. By January 22, 2021, 260 pts were efficacy-evaluable. Confirmed ORR (cORR) was 23.1% (60/260, including 5 complete responses; 95% confidence interval [CI] 18.1–28.7), DCR was 44.2% (115/260, 95% CI 38.1–50.5), and median DOR was 7.9 mos (95% CI 6.2–9.3). In 199 pts with wild-type KRAS tumors, cORR was 25.6% (51/199, 95% CI 19.7–32.3), DCR was 48.7% (97/199, 95% CI 41.6–55.9), and median DOR was 8.3 mos (95% CI 6.2–10.8). In comparison, in 26 pts with KRAS-mutated tumors, cORR was 3.8% (1/26, responder had colorectal cancer; 95% CI 0.1–19.6), DCR was 3.8% (1/26, 95% CI 0.1–19.6), and DOR was 2.7 mos. KRAS status was unknown in 35/260 pts (cORR 22.9% [8/35, 95% CI 10.4–40.1]; median DOR 6.7 mos [95% CI 2.5–12.7]). Clinical outcomes by tumor type are shown in the Table. Conclusions: P+H was active in a wide variety of KRAS wild-type HER2-amplified/overexpressed tumor types, but had limited activity in KRAS-mutated tumors. Clinical trial information: NCT02091141. [Table: see text]
Precios de transferencia en el comercio exterior del complejo sojero argentino (2004-2020)

This paper aims to analyze and account the under-invoicing (over-invoicing) of exports (imports) by the soy grinding complex companies in Argentina during the period 20042020. The article claims that the greatest deviations in transfer prices occurred in two specific periods: on the one hand, in moments of liberalization in commercialization, which gave companies higher freedom of action; and on the other, in the context of increases in international prices, which allowed them to delay the increase in the price agreed with their related counterpart in order to prolong under-invoicing. keywords Transfer pricing in foreign trade, soy complex, Argentina. jel codes H26, H87, L11, O12, F23.
Sensitivity of radiative flux simulations to ice cloud parameterization over the equatorial western Pacific Ocean region

Previous studies suggest explanations of the observed cancellation of shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) cloud radiative effects (CREs) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) over tropical oceans where deep convection prevails, such as interactions among cloud microphysics, radiation, and dynamics. However, simulations based on general circulation models (GCMs) show disagreement in terms of the net (SW + LW) CREs over tropical deep convective ocean regions. One of the GCM uncertainty sources is the parameterization of ice cloud bulk optical properties. In this study, a combination of active and passive satellite daytime cloud retrievals is used to study the sensitivity of radiation flux calculations to ice cloud parameterization over the equatorial western Pacific Ocean region. Three ice cloud schemes are tested. The first is a widely used scheme that assumes hexagonal column ice particles. The second scheme treats ice particles as aggregates of surface-roughened hexagonal columns. The third scheme best matches the cloud ice mass-dimension relation in the cloud microphysics scheme by assuming a mixture of two ice particle habits. The results show that the hexagonal-column-based scheme has the weakest SW CRE but strongest LW CRE among the three. In addition, cloud optical thickness and effective radius are used to cluster cold-top single-layer ice clouds into three types, which resemble thin cirrus, detrained anvil clouds, and deep convective cores, respectively. In agreement with previous studies, cloud SW heating overwhelms LW cooling in the upper portion of anvil-like clouds.