Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updating the dimensions of Iran culture according to hofstede's model

National culture of each country has influence on organizations located within that country. Even, it is said, this culture is more influential than organizational culture on organization members. Hofstede's model is the most common model in this area. Beforehand, the national culture of Iran has been studied via this model. But, on one hand, it is old. On the other hand, in one of the model new dimensions, that is, monumentalism index, there is no value for Iran culture. To meet these issues, we conducted this research. It was done in Lorestan University based on Hofstede's model questionnaire on a sample of 140 cases distributed equally between men and women. The result shows, compared with hofstede's scores, Iran culture scores in 2 dimensions: power distance and uncertainty avoidance has declined, and in 4 dimensions: individualism, masculinity, long term orientation, and indulgence have increased. Specially, this increase in indulgence and long term orientation is considerable. Finally, the value for the new dimension, that is, monumentalism index was 60. This value shows that Iran culture is inflexible.
Analysis on the Relationship between Microwave Land Surface Emissivity and Soil Texture in Desert Region

The characteristics of microwave land surface emissivity different types of soil and different minerals in desert region is studied.Emissivities of four kinds of the most abundant desert materials,i.e.quartz,sandstone,granite and limestone with different particle size,sand fractions and soil moistures are simulated using a microwave land surface emissivity model.And also,the simulated emissivity of Taklimakan Desert is compared with satellite retrieval values from AMSR-E measurements,the result shows that the microwave land surface emissivity is closely related with surface types,and also significantly vary with soil moisture,soil texture,mineral component and soil particle size,which are the main sources of errors of current land emissivity simulation.Moreover,the results provide a theoretical basis for the further improving the existing microwave land surface emissivity model by stratifying near surface soil and analyzing radiative transfer process of multi-layer soil with accurate soil types,soil textural components,particle size scales and mineral material datasets in desert region.
Estimation of Local Magnitude in Northeastern Sonora, Mexico, Using Empirical Relations Based on Recorded Duration

Online Material: Tables of earthquake and station parameters. Most of northern Mexico is tectonically and morphologically situated in the southern Basin and Range Province (Suter and Contreras, 2002). The region of Sonora is particularly interesting, because the largest historical earthquake (3 May 1887, M w 7.5) occurred in this province. The town of Bavispe was destroyed during this earthquake (Aguilera, 1888), and the seismic source generated the longest recorded normal‐fault surface rupture (101.8 km) in historic time (Suter, 2006). The major fault zone of this earthquake includes (from south to north) three neighboring segments: Otates (length l =18.9 km), Teras ( l =20.7 km), and Pitaycachi ( l =43.8 km) (Fig. 1). These segments are separated by ∼30 km in between, and the basins are about 10 km wide (Suter and Contreras, 2002). Figure 1. Tectonic map showing locations of stations (white triangles) and earthquakes (black circles) used in this study (modified from Castro et al. , 2010). The black stars represent centers of population. Pitaycachi, Teras, and Otates are the faults that ruptured in the 1887 earthquake. The white star is the epicenter location of the 3 May 1887 ( M w 7.5) earthquake reported by Suter and Contreras (2002). A seismic network, Red Sismica del Noreste de Sonora (RESNES), was installed in this region to study the seismicity related to the Basin and Range faults of northeastern Sonora (Castro et al. , 2002; Romero et al. , 2004) and to monitor the major normal faults that generated the 3 May 1887 event (Castro et al. , 2009). The stations of this seismic network consist of Kinemetrics digital recorders (model K2) with internal Episensors that record three components of ground acceleration with a sample rate of 200 samples per second. …
A rose by any other name: is stage3a chronic kidney disease really a disease?

6 a promising candidate approach for preventing or treating acute kidney injury. The role of autophagy in chronic kidney disease is more complex and remains controversial. Two recent studies using the unilateral ureteral obstruction model in mice with proximal tubule-specific deletion of autophagyrelated genes illustrate the disparate results. Livingston et al. reported that conditional deletion of autophagy related 7 (ATG7) in proximal tubules ameliorated renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction as did pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine. Conversely, similar experiments in mice with conditional deletion of autophagy related 5 (ATG5) resulted in increased interstitial fibrosis, and rapamycin, a pharmacologic inducer of autophagy, reduced unilateral ureteral obstruction–induced renal fibrosis. These studies suggest that autophagy has an important role in mediating and/or modulating chronic kidney injury and fibrosis. However, further research is needed to identify the optimal context in which inducing or inhibiting autophagy might prevent progressive chronic kidney disease. Most studies on the role of autophagy in kidney disease have relied on pharmacologic agents that have “off-target” effects beyond inducing or inhibiting autophagy or on genetic knockouts of autophagy-related proteins that may have developmental effects. Future studies using drugs that are more specific for autophagy and animal models with inducible modulation of autophagy before, during, or after kidney injury are needed to determine whether targeting autophagy is a viable approach for the prevention or treatment of kidney diseases. Although we have much to learn, one can envision a future in which autophagymodifying medications are used to prevent or treat kidney diseases. If realized, this future will only be possible because of the contributions of this year’s Nobel Prize winner for Physiology or Medicine, Yoshinori Ohsumi.
Chemical characteristics of chromian spinel in plutonic rocks: Implications for deep magma processes and discrimination of tectonic setting

We summarize chemical characteristics of chromian spinels from ultramafic to mafic plutonic rocks (lherzolites, harzburgites, dunites, wehrlites, troctolites, olivine gabbros) with regard to three tectonic settings (mid‐ocean ridge, arc, oceanic hotspot). The chemical range of spinels is distinguishable between the three settings in terms of Cr# (= Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratio) and Ti content. The relationships are almost parallel with those of chromian spinels in volcanic rocks, but the Ti content is slightly lower in plutonics than in volcanics at a given tectonic environment. The Cr# of spinels in plutonic rocks is highly diverse; its ranges overlap between the three settings, but extend to higher values (up to 0.8) in arc and oceanic hotspot environments. The Ti content of spinels in plutonics increases, for a given lithology, from the arc to oceanic hotspot settings by mid‐ocean ridge on average. This chemical diversity is consistent with that of erupted magmas from the three settings. If we systematically know the chemistry of chromian spinels from a series of plutonic rocks, we can estimate their tectonic environments of formation. The spinel chemistry is especially useful in dunitic rocks, in which chromian spinel is the only discriminating mineral. Applying this, discordant dunites cutting mantle peridotites were possibly precipitated from arc‐related magmas in the Oman ophiolite, and from an intraplate tholeiite in the Lizard ophiolite, Cornwall.
Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet Approximate Bayesian Inference in Spatial Generalized Linear Mixed Models Approximate Bayesian Inference in Spatial Generalized Linear Mixed Models

In this paper we propose fast approximate methods for computing posterior marginals in spatial generalized linear mixed models. We consider the common geostatistical special case with a high dimensional latent spatial variable and observations at only a few known registration sites. Our methods of inference are deterministic, using no random sampling. We present two methods of approximate inference. The first is very fast to compute and via examples we find that this approximation is 'practically sufficient'. By this expression we mean that the results obtained by this approximate method do not show any bias or dispersion effects that might affect decision making. The other approximation is an improved version of the first one, and via examples we demonstrate that the inferred posterior approximations of this improved version are 'practically exact'. By this expression we mean that one would have to run Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations for longer than is typically done to detect any indications of bias or dispersion error effects in the approximate results. The two methods of approximate inference can help to expand the scope of geostatistical models , for instance in the context of model choice, model assessment, and sampling design. The approximations take seconds of CPU time, in sharp contrast to overnight Markov chain Monte Carlo runs for solving these types of problems. Our approach to approximate inference could easily be part of standard softwares.
Variation of tide limit and tidal current limit in Yangtze Estuary and its impact on projects

Tide limit and tidal current limit are the key interface characterized by dynamic change in estuaries,which are also the foundation to realize the sediment transport and channel process under runoff and tidal currents.Based on the measured data from Datong to Xuliujin,this paper analyses the process of tide limit and tidal current limit from 1989 to 1990 and from 2004 to 2005,and gets the distance between the above two limits was about 384km in the same combination of runoff and tidal current.The bibliographic data also showed it is reasonable that the annual and monthly process of tidal current limit can be obtained through the process of tide limit.The main results are the furthest annual tidal current limit was 501km above the entrance and the nearest was near the entrance;the monthly tidal current limit was 434km above the entrance,the nearest was 155km,and the maximum amplitude was 280km.The average locations of tide limit in a year,in flood seasons and in dry seasons were 673km,617km,728km respectively.The average locations of tidal current limit in flood seasons,in dry seasons and in a year were 233km,344km,289km,respectively.The locations of tide limit and tidal current limit are not fixed in years.The tide limit in October and November moved upstream 28km and downstream 15km and it remained unchanged in flood seasons under the condition of water-sediment/series regulation of 1990′S of TGP;while the tide limit moved downstream 3.2km in dry seasons and the annal postion moved downstream 1.8km.
quantum dots: recent progresses on synthesis, surface modification and applications.

traced using the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. Application of these NIR-responsive QDs in vivo significantly improved the resolution of images obtained from veins. [169] A novel in vivo imaging modalities has also been designed with the capability of real-time and high-resolution spatial imaging of cancer, neurological, and metabolic diseases. [170] As the synthesis and surface engineering methods continue to evolve, QD-based nanomaterials demonstrate improved performance for use in biomedical applications.
TREE SURVIVAL ON A MOUNTAINTOP SURFACE MINE IN WEST VIRGINIA 1

Due to increasing environmental pressure, the state of West Virginia has recently changed its regulations that govern reclamation of mountaintop surface mines. The state regulatory authority now requires the development of commercial forestry as the only agronomic post-mining land use acceptable for mountaintop surface mines that seek a variance from returning the land surface to approximate original contour (AOC). The Samples mountaintop surface mine in southern West Virginia has obtained AOC variances and therefore has commercial forestry as a post-mining land use. Operators of the Samples Mine have initiated a reforestation program where about 20,000 trees per year (roughly 20 ha per year) have been planted at the site over the past six years. During 2002, West Virginia University researchers established belt transects (4.8 m wide by 100 to 200 m in length) in 55 plantations at the site to determine survival of planted trees and to evaluate tree height and stem diameter. Evaluations were performed on plantations established in the spring of 1999 and the spring and fall of 2001. In each transect, slope, aspect, and ground cover were measured, and survival and growth of trees were analyzed according to these site conditions. Average tree survival across these three planting seasons and among all tree species was 65%. Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. ) was the largest of the planted trees, but sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.), pine (Pinus spp.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) also showed good growth. Slope was used as a surrogate for soil compaction (steeper slopes tended to be reclaimed with smaller equipment compared to flatter slopes) and tree survival was 75% on slopes >50%, 62% on slopes 31-50%, and 67% on slopes 70% ground cover.
NO-RESPUESTA DE ITEMS EN ESTUDIOS DE MERCADO

Statistical procedures for missing data have improved significantly in the last years. This study put the missing data in context and makes a revision of the recent literature for the case that the missing data problem is ignorable. In an application, based in real data of a psychographic profile study, several different methods to treat missing data are implemented. The results of this exercise show that most of the traditional imputation procedures induce bias and do not consider the whole variability in the estimates. Multiple imputation, based on Bayesian models and data augmentation gives the best results in the application.
In-shore ship extraction from HR optical remote sensing image via salience structure and GIS information

In order to solve the problem of in-shore ship extraction from remote sensing image, a novel method for in-shore ship extraction from high resolution (HR) optical remote sensing image is proposed via salience structure feature and GIS information. Firstly, the berth ROI is located in the image with the aid of the prior GIS auxiliary information. Secondly, the salient corner features at ship bow are extracted from the berth ROI precisely. Finally, a recursive algorithm concerning the symmetric geometry of the ship target is conducted to discriminate the multi docked in-shore targets into mono in-shore ships. The results of the experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can detect the majority of large and medium scale in-shore ships from the optical remote sensing image, including both the mono and the multi adjacent docked in-shore ship cases.
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health

Health informatics is a vital technology that holds great promise in the healthcare setting. We describe two prominent health informatics tools relevant to emergency care, as well as the historical background and the current state of informatics. We also identify recent research findings and practice changes. The recent advances in machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) are a prominent development in health informatics overall and relevant in emergency medicine (EM). A basic comprehension of machine-learning algorithms is the key to understand the recent usage of artificial intelligence in healthcare. We are using NLP more in clinical use for documentation. NLP has started to be used in research to identify clinically important diseases and conditions. Health informatics has the potential to benefit both healthcare providers and patients. We cover two powerful tools from health informatics for EM clinicians and researchers by describing the previous successes and challenges and conclude with their implications to emergency care. [West J Emerg Med. 2019;20(2)219–227. ]
Fecal microbiota transplantation: a novel strategy for treating Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease is a common neurological disorder, which has become one of the major factors affecting human health due to its serious impact on individuals, families and society. It has been confirmed that gut microbiota can affect the occurrence and development of Alzheimer’s disease. Especially, fecal microbiota transplantation plays a positive role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanisms for improving Alzheimer’s disease might include anti-inflammation and regulation of amyloid β-protein, synaptic plasticity, short-chain fatty acids, and histone acetylation. In this mini-review, the relationship between fecal microbiota transplantation and Alzheimer’s disease was summarized. It is hoped that fecal microbiota transplantation would play a positive role in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in the future.
SEISMICITY OF SOUTHERN AFRICA DURING 2006 WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MW 7 MACHAZE EARTHQUAKE

Seismic activity recorded by the South African National Seismograph Network in southern Africa during the period January to December 2006 is summarized in this article. The South African National Seismograph Network was expanded to 23 seismological stations and the data communication infrastructure updated to transmit continuous waveform data in near real-time during 2006. Earthquake data, published in the Seismological Bulletins of the Council for Geoscience for 2006, was revisited and all tectonic earthquakes relocated together with mining related earthquakes that were located outside known mine boundaries. The resulting earthquake database comprises a total of 3875 located seismic events, the majority of which (79%) is located in the gold and platinum mines of South Africa. A total of 1460 events were ascribed to chemical explosions in opencast mines and quarries and flagged accordingly in the database. The recorded seismic activity, tectonic as well as mining-related, is discussed in terms of the error in location and the observed frequency-magnitude distribution. A fault plane solution for a M L =4.0 earthquake, located in the gold mines of South Africa, is also presented. The most significant earthquake occurred on the southernmost extension of the East African Rift System in south-western Mozambique and measured 7.0 on the moment magnitude scale. The earthquake was widely felt throughout the region, causing four fatalities, 27 injuries and damage to approximately 160 buildings.
A validation study of whole slide imaging for primary diagnosis of lymphoma

Whole slide imaging (WSI) is being increasingly used worldwide. Although previous studies have asserted the validity of WSI diagnosis, they have primarily targeted only small specimens and excluded cases requiring immunohistochemistry or special staining, such as lymphoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of WSI diagnosis of lymphoma, for which 240 biopsies and resections of lymphoma cases were selected from the study set of lymphomas. All slides including H&E, immunohistochemical and special staining were digitized using a WSI image scanner. An experienced pathologist performed the WSI diagnoses, which were compared with original diagnoses based on light microscopic examinations. Discrepancy between the two interpretations were classified into three categories: concordance, minor discrepancy (no clinical significance), and major discrepancy (with clinical significance). Overall concordance between the light microscopic and WSI diagnosis was found in 223 cases (92.92%; 95%CI = 88.90–95.82), minor discrepancy in fifteen (6.25%; 95%CI = 3.54–10.10), and major discrepancy in two (0.83%; 95%CI = 0.10–2.98). Diagnosis of lymphoma using WSI appeared to be mostly accurate, suggesting that WSI may be a reliable technology for the diagnosis of lymphoma.
From Segmentation to Clustering: Advancing Algorithms for Grouping Microbial Colonies on Agar Plates

Agar plates are essential in microbiology, yet manual intervention remains common for tasks like colony-picking, especially in smaller laboratories. This paper addresses the research gap of clustering microbes within agar plate images to advance automated solutions. Three innovative clustering approaches based on visual properties are presented. Using synthetic agar plate images with annotated microbes, these algorithms are developed and evaluated, with performance assessed using the V-measure metric. Results reveal challenges in pixel-level clustering without segmentation masks (V-measure: 0.284), while U-Net autoencoder features with OPTICS show reasonable performance (V-measure: 0.705). K-means with a colony extraction pipeline excels (V-measure: 0.942), emphasizing the importance of high-level colony features. These solutions offer potential enhancements for colony-picking robots and advanced analysis. This research significantly contributes to agar plate analysis, paving the way for future automated colony analysis and streamlined lab workflows.
Real time drilling mud gas records the asymmetric damaging process associated with the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

A considerable part of energy released during an earthquake is used to create fractures within the surrounding rocks. The real-time drilling mud gas from WFSD-1 shows that the fractures generated during the Wenchuan Earthquake coincide with large fluid peaks, and hence they are favorable passages for underground fluid migrations. The drilling mud gas distributes asymmetrically around the principal slip zone(PSZ), with the major anomaly zone emerging 120 m below the PSZ. Gas concentrations are much higher and vary more intensively than the upper 120 m. Additionally, the geophysical logs also prove that this zone is highly fractured and associated with serious water inrush, suggesting that the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused more damage to the footwall than to the hanging wall. The difference in rock strength between the volcanic hanging wall of Pengguan complex and the sedimentary footwall of Xujiahe Formation and the asymmetric stress during the rupture propagation might have contributed to the damage process.
Reliability Estimation for Relay Protection Devices with Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Network

Nowadays, with the continuous expansion of power system, accurate and rapid evaluation of the reliability of relay protection devices (RPDs) is very important for the safe and stable operation of substations. This research offers a reliability estimation approach for RPDs based on long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent networks with small sample failure rate data to address the precision impact on reliability estimation of RPDs caused by too small sampling size of failure data. The approach constructs and trains the LSTM network based on the statistical data of the average failure rate of RPDs. The inputs are the service lifetimes and outputs are the corresponding average failure rates. Then, according to the expanded data of average failure rate, the parameters of failure rate model are estimated by least square method. Finally, the reliable operating lifetime of the devices is obtained with the preset failure threshold, which can be used as the recommended anomaly alarm indicator and out-of-operation time of the RPDs. The example analysis shows that this method effectively expands the small data samples and realizes fast and reliable lifetime estimation.