Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation into controlling the growth modes of ferroelectric thin films using pulsed laser deposition and RHEED

Thin film ferroelectricss are widely considered for tunable microwave applications, the reduced small dimensions leading to low tuning voltages. The incipient ferroelectric strontium titanate is an ideal solution for tunable microwave devices, particularly in conjunction with high temperature superconductors. It has no spontaneous polarisation yet possesses a large permittivity at low temperatures that is sensitive to an electric field bias with relatively low loss. For such applications it is essential to use a low loss substrate such as magnesium oxide. In general, thin films have less favourable dielectric properties compared with their bulk counterparts due to differences in microstructure. strontium titanate films on MgO substrate prove difficult to grow due to the high lattice mismatch and issues connected with chemical incompatibility at the film/substrate interface. It has been shown here that it is possible to engineer the growth mode of this system, altering the strain and the defect concentration. These are both known factors influencing the dielectric properties of thin films. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) in combination with interval pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been used to achieve a two dimensional, layer-by-layer growth mode. Crucial to this was the deposition of a unit-cell thick titanium dioxide buffer layer on the surface, the deposition of which was also controlled by RHEED. The growth mode and microstructure of films grown using standard PLD with and without the buffer layer and films grown by interval PLD with and without the buffer layer have been compared by analysis of the RHEED data and transmission electron microscopy. This is the first time layer-by-layer growth has been achieved in this highly-mismatched epitaxial systems. The results point the way towards control of defects in oxide thin films from which microstructure-property relationships may be more clearly determined.
Intra-Individual Variability For Basketball Free Throws

Several studies have attempted to identify differences between subjects in the performance of basketball free throws. All of these studies have been twodimensional analyses of free throw kinematics and have analyzed only interindividual variability. An analysis of the directional errors for 1042 free throws completed by NCAA Division I varsity basketball players has revealed that 32.8% of missed free throws were off-line to the left, and 19.5% were off to the right. This is indicative of movement outside the sagittal plane. To date, a three-dimensional analysis of free throw shooting has not been reported in the literature, however. Also, since performers do not execute athletic movements in an identical manner each time, intra-individual variability is a component of athletic performance that should be considered. The purpose of this study was to complete a three-dimensional kinematic analysis of the intraindividual variability in basketball free throws. The subjects were members of an NCAA Division I varsity basketball team who attempted a minimum of 30 free throws in games over the course of a season. Five players met this criterion. A total of 648 free throws (FT) were videotaped during games (317 FT) and regular team practices (331 FT) throughout the season. The result of each free throw was classified into one of nine categories--swish, short make, long make, left make, right make, short miss, long miss, left miss, or right miss. A representative sample of free throws was selected that approximated each player's overall performance both in accuracy and error tendency. The number of free throws varied from 10 to 14 for each player. The free throw percentage for the 60 free throws analyzed was 73.3%, compared to an accuracy rate of 73.6% for the 648 free throws recorded. The subjects' free throw percentages ranged from 56.5% to 83.8%. Kinematic variables included range of motion at the wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle joints, trunk rotation, arm horizontal abduction/adduction, foot elevation angle, release height, velocity, and angle, and vertical and horizontal center of gravity position. Mean values for kinematic parameters were used to compare inter-individual variability. Intra-individual variability was defined as ± 1 standard deviation from the mean for each subject. Results indicate that intraindividual variability was larger than inter-individual variability for wrist and elbow ROM, and release velocity. Inter-individual variability was greater than intra-individual variability for hip, knee, and ankle ROM. The intra- and inter-individual differences were comparable for other variables. The findings suggest that multiple samples may be required to ensure representative data.
Transient Thermal, Hydraulic, and Mechanical Analysis of a Counter Flow Offset Strip Fin Intermediate Heat Exchanger using an Effective Porous Media Approach

This work presents a comprehensive thermal hydraulic analysis of a compact heat exchanger using offset strip fins. The thermal hydraulics analysis in this work is followed by a finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the mechanical stresses experienced by an intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) during steady-state operation and selected flow transients. In particular, the scenario analyzed involves a gas-to-liquid IHX operating between high pressure helium and liquid or molten salt.In order to estimate the stresses in compact heat exchangers a comprehensive thermal and hydraulic analysis is needed. Compact heat exchangers require very small flow channels and fins to achieve high heat transfer rates and thermal effectiveness. However, studying such small features computationally contributes little to the understanding of component level phenomena and requires prohibitive computational effort using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). To address this issue, the analysis developed here uses an effective porous media (EPM) approach; this greatly reduces the computation time and produces results with the appropriate resolution [1]. This EPM fluid dynamics and heat transfer computational code has been named the Compact Heat Exchanger Explicit Thermal and Hydraulics (CHEETAH) code. CHEETAH solves for the two-dimensional steady-state and transient temperature and flow distributions in the IHX including the complicating effects of temperature-dependent fluid thermophysical properties. Temperature- and pressure-dependent fluid properties are evaluated by CHEETAH and the thermal effectiveness of the IHX is also calculated.Furthermore, the temperature distribution can then be imported into a finite element analysis (FEA) code for mechanical stress analysis using the EPM methods developed earlier by the University of California, Berkeley, for global and local stress analysis [2]. These simulation tools will also allow the heat exchanger design to be improved through an iterative design process which will lead to a design with a reduced pressure drop, increased thermal effectiveness, and improved mechanical performance as it relates to creep deformation and transient thermal stresses.
hENT1 Predicts Benefit from Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer but Only with Low CDA mRNA

Simple Summary Recent clinical trials suggest that combination therapies that include either gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) both give significant survival benefits for pancreatic cancer patients. The tumor level of the nucleoside transporter hENT1 is prognostic in patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine but not adjuvant 5-FU. This work shows for the first time that hENT1 is only predictive of benefit from gemcitabine over 5-FU in patients with low levels of CDA transcript. A choice between adjuvant 5-FU based combination therapies (such as FOLFIRINOX) and gemcitabine-based therapy (e.g., GemCap) could be made based on a combination of hENT1 protein and CDA mRNA measured in a resected tumor. Abstract Gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based treatments can be selected for pancreatic cancer. Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) predicts adjuvant gemcitabine treatment benefit over 5-FU. Cytidine deaminase (CDA), inside or outside of the cancer cell, will deaminate gemcitabine, altering transporter affinity. ESPAC-3(v2) was a pancreatic cancer trial comparing adjuvant gemcitabine and 5-FU. Tissue microarray sections underwent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Analysis of both CDA and hENT1 was possible with 277 patients. The transcript did not correlate with protein levels for either marker. High hENT1 protein was prognostic with gemcitabine; median overall survival was 26.0 v 16.8 months (p = 0.006). Low CDA transcript was prognostic regardless of arm; 24.8 v 21.2 months with gemcitabine (p = 0.02) and 26.4 v 14.6 months with 5-FU (p = 0.02). Patients with low hENT1 protein did better with 5-FU, but only if the CDA transcript was low (median survival of 5-FU v gemcitabine; 29.3 v 18.3 months, compared with 14.2 v 14.6 with high CDA). CDA mRNA is an independent prognostic biomarker. When added to hENT1 protein status, it may also provide treatment-specific predictive information and, within the frame of a personalized treatment strategy, guide to either gemcitabine or 5FU for the individual patient.
A Mutation in Endogenous saRNA miR-23a Influences Granulosa Cells Response to Oxidative Stress

Phenotypes are the result of the interaction between the gene and the environment, so the response of individuals with different genotypes to an environment is variable. Here, we reported that a mutation in miR-23a influences granulosa cells (GCs) response to oxidative stress, a common mechanism of environmental factors affecting female reproduction. We showed that nuclear miR-23a is a pro-apoptotic miRNA in porcine GCs through the activation of the transcription and function of NORHA, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) induces GC apoptosis and responses to oxidative stress. Mechanistically, miR-23a acts as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) to alter histone modifications of the NORHA promoter through the direct binding to its core promoter. A C > T mutation was identified at −398 nt of the miR-23a core promoter, which created a novel binding site for the transcription factor SMAD4 and recruited the transcription repressor SMAD4 to inhibit miR-23a transcription and function in GCs. Notably, g. −398C > T mutation in the miR-23a promoter reduced GCs response to oxidative stress. In addition, g. −398C > T mutation was significantly associated with sow fertility traits. In short, our findings preliminarily revealed the genetic basis of individual differences in the response to oxidative stress from the perspective of a single mutation and identified miR-23a as a candidate gene for the environmental adaptation to oxidative stress.
The validity of using a self-report single question as a means to detect hearing loss in an adolescent population

Abstract Objective The overall objective in the study was to compare self-reported hearing based on a single question (“how good would you currently rate your hearing? ”) to measure hearing loss determined by audiometry in a cohort of adolescents. Prevalence of audiometrically measured hearing loss and frequencies of self-reported poor hearing as well as factors that have an impact on self-reported hearing were examined. Design Baseline and 5-year follow-up data of the Ohrkan study were used. Participants filled in a questionnaire and underwent audiometric measurements. Study sample Data from 979 adolescents were analysed. Participants were 54.7% female and aged between 13 and 18 years at baseline and 17–21 years at 5-yr follow-up. Results The single question on self-reported hearing ability achieved a sensitivity of 41.9% and a positive predictive value of 7.1% at baseline. For the 5-yr follow-up, sensitivity was 40.0%, positive predictive value was 13.9%. Factors influencing self-reported poor hearing were gender, tinnitus, “muffled” ears after exposure to loud noise (e.g. after a concert) and low-frequency hearing loss. Conclusions The single question about hearing ability used in the Ohrkan study is not sufficient to replace audiometry to detect hearing loss as defined in the study in adolescents.
Leverage Boosting and Transformer on Text-Image Matching for Cheap Fakes Detection

The explosive growth of the social media community has increased many kinds of misinformation and is attracting tremendous attention from the research community. One of the most prevalent ways of misleading news is cheapfakes. Cheapfakes utilize non-AI techniques such as unaltered images with false context news to create false news, which makes it easy and “cheap” to create and leads to an abundant amount in the social media community. Moreover, the development of deep learning also opens and invents many domains relevant to news such as fake news detection, rumour detection, fact-checking, and verification of claimed images. Nevertheless, despite the impact on and harmfulness of cheapfakes for the social community and the real world, there is little research on detecting cheapfakes in the computer science domain. It is challenging to detect misused/false/out-of-context pairs of images and captions, even with human effort, because of the complex correlation between the attached image and the veracity of the caption content. Existing research focuses mostly on training and evaluating on given dataset, which makes the proposal limited in terms of categories, semantics and situations based on the characteristics of the dataset. In this paper, to address these issues, we aimed to leverage textual semantics understanding from the large corpus and integrated with different combinations of text-image matching and image captioning methods via ANN/Transformer boosting schema to classify a triple of (image, caption1, caption2) into OOC (out-of-context) and NOOC (no out-of-context) labels. We customized these combinations according to various exceptional cases that we observed during data analysis. We evaluate our approach using the dataset and evaluation metrics provided by the COSMOS baseline. Compared to other methods, including the baseline, our method achieves the highest Accuracy, Recall, and F1 scores.
Impact of PYXERA Global Yieldwise Project on Improved Tomato PostHarvest Loss Management Practices of Farmers’ Output, Income and Poverty Status in North-West Zone, Nigeria

The study was conducted to determine the impact of PYXERA Global Yieldwise project improved tomato postharvest loss management practices on farmers output, income and poverty status in North-West Zone, Nigeria. A multi-stage random selection method was used to choose the study locations, and 540 farmers were administered with structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the descriptive, double difference estimates and FGT poverty index. The results showed that the difference in value between the two output differences [? 211,255.8 – ? 128,366.86] was N82, 888,94. The poverty incidence of poor farm households in the study area was 95% for the non-adopters, and 61% for the adopters. In addition, the poverty depth among the farm households in the study area was 85% for non–adopters and 36% for adopters. The severity of the poverty index was 79% for non–adopters and 26% for adopters of improved tomato post-harvest loss reduction management practices. This implies that poverty incidence is higher among non-adopting poor than their adopting poor households. The study concluded that the adoption of the improved tomato post-harvest management practices had a positive impact on tomato postharvest loss reduction, income, and poverty status as revealed in the results of this study, although the extent of tomato post-harvest loss was still high. It was therefore recommended that the tomato post-harvest loss reduction campaign should be sustained to further decrease the losses suffered by tomato farmers especially as the end line for achieving the SDG on food loss and food waste draws closer. All stakeholders in the tomato value chain should address other challenges limiting the adoption of improved tomato production and post-harvest loss reduction such as low extension visits, poor market linkages, and distance to market.
Transnational agrarian movements confronting globalization

Preface. 1. Transnational Agrarian Movements: Origins and Politics, Campaigns and Impact (Saturnino M. Borras Jr, Marc Edelman and Cristobal Kay). 2. Peasants Make Their Own History, But Not Just as They Please . (Philip McMichael). 3. Transnational Organizing in Agrarian Central America: Histories, Challenges, Prospects (Marc Edelman). 4. La Via Campesina and its Global Campaign for Agrarian Reform (Saturnino M. Borras Jr). 5 'Late Mobilization': Transnational Peasant Networks and Grassroots Organizing in Brazil and South Africa (Brenda Baletti, Tamara M. Johnson and Wendy Wolford). 6. Mobilizing Against GM Crops in India, South Africa and Brazil (Ian Scoones). 7. Trade and Biotechnology in Latin America: Democratization, Contestation and the Politics of Mobilization (Peter Newell). 8. Claiming the Grounds for Reform: Agrarian and Environmental Movements in Indonesia (Nancy Lee Peluso, Suraya Afiff and Noer Fauzi Rachman). 9. Whose Rules Rule? Contested Projects to Certify 'Local Production for Distant Consumers' (Harriet Friedmann and Amber Mcnair). 10. Migrant Organization and Hometown Impacts in Rural Mexico (Jonathan Fox and Xochitl Bada). 11. From Covert to Overt: Everyday Peasant Politics in China and the Implications for Transnational Agrarian Movements (Kathy Le Mons Walker). 12. Where There Is No Movement: Local Resistance and the Potential for Solidarity (Kevin Malseed). Index.
GADSA: Persuasive Gamified Antimicrobial Stewardship Decision Support App for Antibiotics Prescribing Behaviour Change in Nigeria

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a prominent global threat. The spread of AMR is further accelerated by the inappropriate use of antibiotics. While misuse and overuse of antibiotics are particular global challenges regardless of resources and settings, there is evidence these are amplified in low-to-middle income countries (LMIC) such as Nigeria. While successful antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes have been implemented in LMIC, more research is required to better understand how to overcome some of the underlying reasons and behaviour obstacles, such as lack of training, limited resources, culture and inadequate infection prevention and control practice. This is of particular importance for prophylactic antibiotic prescribing to prevent surgical site infections (SSI). Evidence-based guidelines published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other public health agencies advise on best practice for prescribing and administering prophylactic surgical antibiotics. However, compliance with such guidelines amongst surgical teams is often limited. The development of engaging decision support tools, accessible at the point of care, at low cost for use in LMICs, is required to help surgeons apply AMS guidelines to their daily practice. Serious mobile games, developed with an educational or training purpose rather than for entertainment, are a powerful tool for persuasive behaviour change but little interest has been given to research for AMR to change prescription behaviour in LMIC. In this research we present the co-development of a decision support tool for the “Gamified Antimicrobial Stewardship Decision Support App” (GADSA) in Nigeria with surgeons from three participating hospital sites. GADSA is the first gamified decision support app using persuasive games techniques for prescribing behaviour change demonstrated to deliver a prescription behaviour change increasing compliance with SSI guidelines at the point of care. GADSA is also is novel at providing decision support for surgical antibiotic prescribing through gamified features such instruction of mentor, visual and textual immediate feedback system, persuasive messaging and positive and negative reinforcement.
Seismic history and seismotectonics of the Sunda Arc

Historic records of the last 300 years reveal two great interplate earthquakes (1833, MW = 8¾ 1861, MW = 8¼–8½), which ruptured major segments of the Sumatra fore arc in western Indonesia; a significant percentage of interplate slip along this portion of the plate boundary appears to occur seismically. The ends of these rupture zones are coincident with clusters of large (Ms ≥ 7) and moderate (6 ≤ Ms ≤ 7) shocks and with heterogeneities in the plate interface as inferred from geologic and geophysical data. The northern extent of the 1833 rupture zone is coincident with a group of moderate and large earthquakes, a structural arch in the fore arc, and a fracture zone on the subducted plate. The southern portion is coincident with a very prominent cluster and the along-strike extension of a sediment-filled trough on the subducted plate. Prior to this study, Sumatra was characterized as relatively aseismic as inferred from the lack of great earthquakes in the instrumental record of this century. Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands had major (Ms ≥ 6) earthquakes in the historic record, but none are of the same magnitude as the great events near Sumatra. There is no clear evidence that shocks in the Java fore arc were interplate events, yet geophysical data indicate recent uplift of the trench slope break and a change in strike of the trench axis where the northernmost flank of the Roo Rise, a prominent bathymetrie high, appears to be interacting with the fore arc. This feature was formed at a ridge crest and is more buoyant, and thus more difficult to subduct, than the surrounding seafloor. There is no increase in seismicity associated with this tectonism, however, that may indicate a lack of contact between the crystalline portions of the plates at this time. We infer that a majority of slip on the plate interface near Java occurs aseismically. The variation in occurrence of great interplate earthquakes along the Sunda Arc may be interpreted in terms of a model that attributes variation in interplate coupling to the age of the subducted lithosphere. Great interplate earthquakes occur near Sumatra, where the age of the youngest crust is 46 Ma. The characteristics of the Sunda Arc, and analogies with Pacific arcs, imply that the entire length of Sumatra has the potential to produce great thrust earthquakes; its seismic potential should be considered high (as there has been no recurrence of the great events of 1833 and 1861). In contrast, no such events have been reported off Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, where the oldest crust is 152 Ma. The plate interface near Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands should be considered to have low seismic potential.
Be Creative to Innovate! EEG Correlates of Group Decision-Making in Managers

Background: Organizational creativity and sustainability-oriented innovation are key factors for leaders and managers. This study explores the neural correlates underlying creative decisions in the managerial field in two distinct conditions: individual and group conditions. Methods: A Muse electrophysiological (EEG) headband was applied to a group of managers compared to a group of non-managers during the execution of a realistic complex problem-solving task in an individual and group condition, while EEG frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta) were collected. Results: Both managers and non-managers group showed specific neural activations during the task, elucidating the effect of creative thinking at workplace on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the temporal parietal junction (TPJ). Significantly higher delta, theta and beta mean values were detected in the right TPJ in the group condition as well as in the right PFC in the individual condition for managers. Higher alpha band activation was found in the left PFC for managers, regardless of the condition. Conclusions: This study suggests the possibility to uncover, through neuroscientific techniques, the more socially sustainable working conditions that foster innovation, organizational creativity, and the fruitful sharing of one’s ideas while tackling complex problems within organizations.