Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust M-estimators and Machine Learning Algorithms for Improving the Predictive Accuracy of Seaweed Contaminated Big Data

A common problem in regression analysis using ordinary least squares (OLS) is the effect of outliers or contaminated data on the estimates of the parameters. A robust method that is not sensitive to outliers and can handle contaminated data is needed. In this study, the objective is to determine the significant parameters that determine the moisture content of the seaweed after drying and develop a hybrid model to reduce the outliers. The data were collected with sensors from the v-Groove Hybrid Solar Drier (v-GHSD) at Semporna, South-Eastern Coast of Sabah, Malaysia. After the second order interaction, we have 435 drying parameters, each parameter has 1914 observations. First, we used four machine learning algorithms, such as random forest, support vector machine, bagging and boosting to determine the significant parameters by selecting 15, 25, 35 and 45 parameters. Second, we developed the hybrid model using robust methods such as M. Bi-Square, M. Hampel and M. Huber. The results show that there is a significant improvement in the reduction of the number of outliers and better prediction using hybrid model for the contaminated seaweed big data. For the highest variable importance of 45 significant drying parameters of seaweed, the hybrid model bagging M Bi-square performs better because it has the lowest percentage of outliers of 4.08 %.
The Case of G226-29: Evidence for a Pulsating DA White Dwarf with a Thick Hydrogen Layer?

We reexamine the question of the short periods (∼109.3 s) observed in the ZZ Ceti star G226-29 by combining new period data obtained from our recent exhaustive adiabatic pulsation survey of DA white dwarfs with new spectroscopic determinations of the atmospheric parameters of that star. If, as suggested by the triplet structure of the 109.3 s peak in the Fourier spectrum of the light curve, the observed pulsations correspond to an l = 1 mode split by slow rotation, then we find that G226-29 must have a relatively thick hydrogen layer
Pediatric Pulmonology

Correspondence Jihong Dai, Respiratory Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136, 2nd Rd of Zhongshan, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China. Email: danieljh@163.com Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the relationship between high adherence to the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and childhood and the risk of asthma and wheeze in children. Methods: We conducted searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 30 October 2018. Observational studies providing risk estimates and corresponding confidence intervals on the association of high adherence to the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy or childhood and the risk of asthma or wheeze in childhood were included. The methodological quality of all included studies was assessed. Summary odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Results: Eighteen observational studies were included in this review. All studies were of moderate to high quality. The pooled data suggested high adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy was associated with a reduced incidence of wheeze in the first 12 months (OR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88‐0.95; P < 0.001), and there was an inverse association between the Mediterranean diet during childhood and the incidence of wheeze in the history (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.37‐ 0.70; P = 0.001) and current wheeze (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95‐0.99; P = 0.013). However, there was no significant association between high adherence of the Mediterranean diet in pregnancy and childhood and any of the other meta‐analysis end points including diagnosed asthma. Conclusion: High adherence to the Mediterranean diet during pregnancy and childhood may have short‐term effects on wheeze in children in early life. However, these findings should be interpreted with caution owing to the heterogeneity of the studies.
Silicon nanowhiskers grown on 〈111〉Si substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy

Silicon nanowhiskers in the diameter range of 70 to 200 nm were grown on 〈111〉-oriented silicon substrates by molecular-beam epitaxy. Assuming the so-called “vapor–liquid–solid” (VLS) growth process to operate, we initiated the growth by using small clusters of gold at the silicon interface as seeds. The in situ generation of the Au clusters as well as the growth parameters of the whiskers are discussed. The experimentally observed radius dependence of the growth velocity of the nanowhiskers is opposite to what is known for VLS growth based on chemical vapor deposition and can be explained by an ad-atom diffusion on the surface of the whiskers.
Iteration-based direct ellipse-specific algebraic fitting method of incomplete spots for onsite three-dimensional measurement

Abstract. The direct ellipse-specific algebraic fitting (DESAF) method proposed by Fitzgibbon is a classical method to fit an ellipse from discrete points. Generally, for a complete spot, an ellipse, which coincides well with the complete contour of the spot, can be fitted by DESAF. However, for an incomplete spot damaged by some noises such as nonuniform optical surfaces, depth steps, and occlusion, DESAF would fit an incorrect ellipse which could not accurately match the complete contour of the spot. We analyze this problem encountered in the onsite three-dimensional measurement of hull plates and propose a method to remove these outlier points from the contours of incomplete spots. The experiments of computer simulated data and real data demonstrate that the proposed method can dramatically remove the outlier points from the contour and improve the detection accuracy of the center of the incomplete spot.
Tectonic Controls on Magmatic Tempo in an Active Continental Margin: Insights From the Early Cretaceous Syn‐Tectonic Magmatism in the Changle‐Nan’ao Belt, South China

The cause of magmatic tempo in an active plate margin remains controversial, partly due to lack of structural analysis. During 130–105 Ma, the magmatism in the South China Block (SCB) was significantly reduced (lull) and restricted around the Changle‐Nan'ao Belt (CNB) while the magmatism was highly active (flare‐up) in North China. For unveiling the tectonic role on magmatism, a multidisciplinary study including field and microscopic structural observations, magnetic fabric measurement (AMS), and zircon/monazite dating was conducted on the plutons with oriented minerals in the CNB. Structural analysis and AMS results show a highly clustered NE‐striking vertical foliation developed during the emplacement indicating a syn‐emplacement NW‐SE shortening regime. The geochronology results confirm that the emplacement occurred during 130–105 Ma. Regional geologic correlation indicates that the collision between the Dangerous Grounds‐West Philippines Block and SCB was responsible for this shortening regime. The collected depleted zircon εHf(t) data suggest that a possible collision‐triggered slab break‐off caused the syn‐collisional magmatic activity around the CNB. This study shows that the magmatic lull in the SCB was coeval with a crustal shortening regime due to the arrival of a microcontinent carried by the subduction slab, while the magmatic flare‐up was coeval with an extensional regime due to the subduction roll‐back and retreat as evidenced by the Cretaceous evolution of the SCB before and after the collision and that of North China which is unaffected by the collision. The cause of magmatic tempo in the continental margin is largely due to the tectonic evolution of underlain subduction slabs.
Blast waves with cosmic-ray pressure

The effects of cosmic-ray pressure on the dynamics of self-similar, spherical blast waves and driven waves are investigated on the assumptions that the ratio of relativistic cosmic-ray pressure to total pressure at the shock front is a constant w and the the cosmic rays and thermal gas evolve as independent adiabatic fluids in the postshock flow. For blast waves from a point explosion in a uniform medium, the cosmic rays dominate the pressure near r = 0 if w>0. The solutions show that, if w is small, the ratio of cosmic-ray energy to total energy in the blast wave is several times w. The solutions are used to make specific predictions of the pion-decay . gamma. -ray flux from a blast wave as a function of w. If w is large, the predicted fluxes from supernova remnants are close to the current observational limits. It is also noted that cosmic rays may limit the compression in the radiative shock waves of supernova remnants. The addition of cosmic pressure does not change the geneal nature of the driven wave self-similar solutions. The solutions are used to predict the pion-decay . gamma. -ray flux from a young Type II supernova interacting with circumstellar material. Observations thesemore » . gamma. -rays from extragalactic supernovae are not promising, but a galactic supernova could be very bright in . gamma. -rays. « less
A stress measurement profile to mid-crustal depth in KTB scientific drilling project, southeastern Germany: scientific questions and technological challenges

Although many estimates of crustal stress levels at seismogenic depth have been made on the basis of laboratory data and simple faulting theory, the Kontinentales Tiefbohr (KTB) deep drilling project offers the first opportunity to directly measure at mid-crustal depth the absolute magnitudes of crustal stresses, the uniformity of stress changes with depth, the influence of pore pressure on stress magnitude and the magnitude and orientation of tectonic stresses in the vicinity of the brittle-ductile transition. The planned 10-12 km depth of the KTB Hauptbohrung (main borehole) will penetrate those depths where the shear stresses in the crust are highest and where the greatest discrepancy will exist between observations and predictions if either ‘Byerlee’s law' is not applicable to the mid-crust or near-lithostatic pore pressure exists which substantially weakens the crust.
Fourier imaging of phase information in scanning and conventional optical microscopes

The imaging performance of scanning microscopes may be improved by introducing a pinhole in the detector plane, thus forming a confocal (or type 2) scanning microscope. A general imaging theory is developed from which the performance of scanning and conventional microscopes may be investigated. Various methods of obtaining phase imaging are considered, including the effects of defocus, Zernike phase contrast, and interference and resonant microscopy.
On an optimisation method for the full- and the limited-aperture problem in inverse acoustic scattering for a sound-soft obstacle

A numerical method, developed by Kirsch and Kress (1988), for the determination of the shape of a two-dimensional time-harmonic acoustic scatterer with Dirichlet boundary conditions from the knowledge of the far-field pattern is considered. For the full-aperture problem with n incoming waves new convergence results are found. The corresponding computational part deals with the reduction of the computing time by a superposition of n incoming waves to a few 'total waves'. The method is extended to the limited-aperture problem; especially an estimation of its ill-posedness is given. Some numerical examples are presented with a measuring angle of 90 degrees and 180 degrees where it is shown that this method produces acceptable results for low wavenumbers.
Dynamic Mean-Field Theory of a Slowly Cooled Spin Glass

A dynamic mean-field solution for a spin glass which is cooled from above Tc to below Tc is presented in the limit of very slow cooling. The probability of overlaps consists of a sum of at most three δ-functions and only a trivial form of ultrametricity results. The possible violation of certain assumptions in earlier derivations of a dynamic mean-field solution is discussed. This raises doubts also of the Parisi solution.
3,3′-Diindolylmethane Augments 5-Fluorouracil-InducedGrowth Suppression in Gastric Cancer Cells through Suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β and WNT/Beta-Catenin

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal cancers in South Korea, and it is a cancer of concern worldwide. 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is commonly used as the first-line therapy for advanced GC; however, its side effects often limit the dosage range and impair patients' quality of life. Due to the limitations of current chemotherapy, new anticancer therapies are urgently needed. 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) has been reported to have the ability to protect against various types of cancer. Our study aimed to elucidate the anticancer effect of DIM in GC when treated with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fu. In our results, combined treatment with DIM and 5-Fu resulted in higher apoptosis and lower cell proliferation than treatment with 5-Fu in SNU484 and SNU638 cell lines. Furthermore, when DIM and 5-Fu were administered together, cell invasion was diminished by mediated E-cadherin, MMP-9, and uPA; p-Akt and p-GSK-3β levels were reduced more significantly than when 5-Fu was administered alone. Moreover, in the Wnt signaling pathway, combined treatment of DIM and 5-Fu diminished β-catenin levels in the nucleus and inhibited cyclin D1and c-Myc protein levels. The Akt inhibitor, wortmannin, further inhibited the levels of β-catenin and c-Myc that were inhibited by DIM and 5-Fu. Furthermore, an animal xenograft model demonstrated that DIM combined with 5-Fu considerably reduced tumor growth without any toxic effects by regulating the Akt/GSK-3β and β-catenin levels. Our findings suggest that DIM significantly potentiates the anticancer effects of 5-Fu by targeting the Akt/GSK-3β and WNT/β-catenin because the combination therapy is more effective than 5-Fu alone, thereby offering an innovative potential therapy for patients with GC.
LkH-alpha 101 - The stellar wind, the surrounding nebula, and an associated radio star cluster

Radio observations of LkH-alpha 101 have been taken to determine the characteristics of the stellar wind from the central star as well as to image the surrounding nebulosity. They also revealed the presence of a high concentration of weak compact radio sources in the neighborhood of LkH-alpha 101, four of which have optical stellar counterparts. Spectra of three of the stars indicate two T Tauri stars and a highly obscured B star. 15 references.
HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM SOLAR FLARES: SUMMARY OF FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE DETECTIONS AND ANALYSIS OF TWO M-CLASS FLARES

We present the detections of 18 solar flares detected in high-energy γ-rays (above 100 MeV) with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) during its first 4 yr of operation. This work suggests that particle acceleration up to very high energies in solar flares is more common than previously thought, occurring even in modest flares, and for longer durations. Interestingly, all these flares are associated with fairly fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We then describe the detailed temporal, spatial, and spectral characteristics of the first two long-lasting events: the 2011 March 7 flare, a moderate (M3.7) impulsive flare followed by slowly varying γ-ray emission over 13 hr, and the 2011 June 7 M2.5 flare, which was followed by γ-ray emission lasting for 2 hr. We compare the Fermi LAT data with X-ray and proton data measurements from GOES and RHESSI. We argue that the γ-rays are more likely produced through pion decay than electron bremsstrahlung, and we find that the energy spectrum of the proton distribution softens during the extended emission of the 2011 March 7 flare. This would disfavor a trapping scenario for particles accelerated during the impulsive phase of the flare and point to a continuous acceleration process at play for the duration of the flares. CME shocks are known for accelerating the solar energetic particles (SEPs) observed in situ on similar timescales, but it might be challenging to explain the production of γ-rays at the surface of the Sun while the CME is halfway to the Earth. A stochastic turbulence acceleration process occurring in the solar corona is another likely scenario. Detailed comparison of characteristics of SEPs and γ-ray-emitting particles for several flares will be helpful to distinguish between these two possibilities.
QUASI-STATIC DEFORMATIONS DUE TO AN INCLINED, RECTANGULAR FAULT IN A VISCOELASTIC HALF-SPACE

Analytical expressions of the quasi-static, surface deformations (displacement, strain and tilt) due to an inclined, rectangular fault in a viscoelastic half-space are obtained by applying a "correspondence principle" to the solutions of the associated elastic problem. The medium is assumed to be elastic dilatational and Maxwell deviatric, and the time dependence of a dislocation source is taken to be of a step function type.From the analytical expressions, it is directly found that the viscoelastic part of the deformation field vanishes exactly for both an arbitrary slip on a horizontal fault plane and a dip-slip faulting on a vertical plane. In other cases, the viscoelastic part has a time dependence prescribed by a factor, 1-exp(-t/τ), where τ denotes the relaxation time determined from the Lame's elastic constants and the viscosity of the medium.Patterns of the elastic and the viscoelastic parts of the deformation field are respectively shown for two representative fault models. As an example, postseismic vertical displacements associated with the Kanto earthquake of 1923 are computed by the fault model determined from the coseismic geodetic data, and compared with the observed crustal movements for the period of 1931-1950.
Up-conversion in rare-earth-doped systems: past, present and future

As for other fluorescence light emitters, rare-earth (RE)- doped solids usually follow the well known principle of the Stokes law which simply states that excitation photons are at higher energy than emitted ones or in other words that out-put photon energy is weaker than input photon energy. Such principle is valid of course only when one ion system is considered.
Symmetric tight frame with shifted wavelets

As is well known, wavelet filterbanks in general do not allow for shift invariance due to the downsampling operation. In this paper we discuss the design of a tight frame symmetric filterbank {h0, h1, h2, h3}, with the requirement that h2 and h1 be identical within a shift by one sample, or we seek h2 (n) = h1(n-1). This results in the wavelets ψ1 and ψ2 related as ψ2(t) = ψ1(t - 1/2).
Optical burst switching network: development and technologies

The advantages and the background of the Optical Burst Switching networks are reviewed based on a comparison study with wavelength-routed networks and Optical Packet Switching networks. Then the key attention-drawing issues concerning further develop of the OBS networks are analyzed. Currently, lots of effort has been taken in developing proprietary signaling protocols for resource reservation in OBS networks, the framework of OBS core switching node and edge routers. On the other hand, some related topics, such as contention resolutions strategy, QoS support strategy, control and scheduling algorithms, and hardware implementation issues about Tunable Wavelength Converter, Fiber Delay Line based optical buffers, high speed optical switches, are all need further research. All these issues will be reviewed in this work. At last, some problems not yet been studied in current works are presented, and further research directions are proposed.
M ar 2 01 7 T T̄ and LST

It was recently shown that the theory obtained by deforming a general two dimensional conformal theory by the irrelevant operator T T̄ is solvable. In the context of holography, a large class of such theories can be obtained by studying string theory on AdS3. We show that a certain T T̄ deformation of the boundary CFT2 gives rise in the bulk to string theory in a background that interpolates between AdS3 in the IR and a linear dilaton spacetime in the UV, i.e. to a two dimensional vacuum of Little String Theory. This construction provides holographic duals for a large class of vacua of string theory in asymptotically linear dilaton spacetimes, and sheds light on the UV behavior of T T̄ deformed CFT2. It may provide a step towards holography in flat spacetime.
Drift correction for gas sensors using multivariate methods

Drift is one of the most serious impairments afflicting gas sensors. It can be seen as a gradual change in the sensor response over a long period of time when the external conditions are constant. This paper presents a new simple drift counteraction method based on PCA and PLS. The basic idea is to remove the drift direction component from the measurements. The direction of the drift, p, is calculated from measurements for a reference gas. Projecting the sample gas measurements on this vector gives the score vector t. The drift component tp T can then be removed from the sample gas data, which we call component correction (CC). The method is tested on a data set based on a reduced factorial design with four gases and a concentration gradient of hydrogen. It is found that the method works efficiently for both cases. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solute Trapping and the Mechanisms of Non‐Fickian Transport in Partially Saturated Porous Media

We study the upscaling of pore‐scale solute transport in partially saturated porous media at different saturation degrees. The interaction between structural heterogeneity, phases distribution and small‐scale flow dynamics induces complex flow patterns and broad probability distributions of flow, which control key aspects of transport, such as residence and arrival times, dispersion, and spatial solute distributions, as well as chemical reactions. A continuous‐time random walk (CTRW) framework that integrates the processes of advection, diffusion, and trapping in immobile zones is used to upscale and evaluate the transport of diluted solutes. Results of this model were compared to direct numerical simulations solving the advection‐diffusion equation in experimental saturation patterns. The comparison between simulations results, with different Péclet numbers (Pe), and the physics‐based upscaled CTRW approach allows for a quantitative analysis of the governing factors of transport in partially saturated porous media. This analysis shows that the fluid phase saturation decreases the advective tortuosity, the media's characteristic length, the fraction of the immobile region, and the mean trapping time. At the same time, for a given saturation degree, the normalized mean trapping time is proportional to the Pe. This suggests that the characteristic trapping length is proportional to the media's characteristic (correlation) length. Moreover, the trapping frequency decreases with increasing Pe.
20.3: Quantitative Analysis of Image Sticking in LCDs

We have analyzed the phenomenon of image sticking and studied for the method of quantifying image sticking by the three different analysis methods. The three analysis methods are R_SEMU [1], Color Difference [2] and Luminance Ratio. We usually use a chessboard pattern to test the image sticking of LCD panels. A new method is NVP (Non‐uniformity value of panel). NVP removes a non‐uniformity luminance of a panel except the image sticking on the reference image and the image tested. The NVP increases the accuracy of the image sticking analysis. We have measured the image sticking after an image sticking test using a 2D CCD camera and then analyzed the data comparing with a reference image using R_SEMU, Color Difference and Luminance Ratio. We investigate which method is the best analysis one for the evaluation of the image sticking. We have developed an analysis software using VBA. This software can select the quantitative level of image sticking.