Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theoretical approach to the notion of creativity: a systematic review

Introduction: The concept of creativity is a term that has been studied to find an exact definition of it. The study aims is to analyze the various existing definitions of creativity to find a diversity of meanings of the same term. Methodology: The methodology used is based on a systematic review of the literature based on the principles of the PRISMA statement and which refers to the search for research in the Dialnet Plus, Scielo and Scopus databases. Results: The results found show the diversity of existing definitions of creativity and how these can be classified depending on their meaning into person, process, product or environment; focusing therefore these studies on understanding creativity as a mental process that is used for the resolution of a conflict from something original and novel. Conclusions: In short, as a conclusion, it is necessary to point out how the construct of creativity can be understood in different ways depending on the perspective in which it is studied, which leads to the fact that there is no generalized term for creativity and that it is so ambiguous.
Mixing and ozone loss in the 1999–2000 Arctic vortex: Simulations with the three‐dimensional Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)

[1] The three-dimensional (3-D) formulation of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS-3d) is presented that extends the isentropic version of CLaMS to cross-isentropic transport. The cross-isentropic velocities of the Lagrangian air parcels are calculated with a radiation module and by taking into account profiles of ozone and water vapor derived from a HALOE climatology. The 3-D extension of mixing maintains the most important feature of the 2-D version as mixing is mainly controlled by the horizontal deformations of the wind fields. In the 3-D version, mixing is additionally driven by the vertical shear in the flow. The impact of the intensity of mixing in the 3-D model formulation on simulated tracer distributions is elucidated by comparing observations of CH4, Halon-1211, and ozone from satellite, balloon, and ER-2 aircraft during the SOLVE/THESEO-2000 campaign. CLaMS-3d simulations span the time period from early December 1999 to the middle of March 2000, with air parcels extending over the Northern Hemisphere in the vertical range between 350 and 1400 K. The adjustment of the CLaMS-3d mixing parameters to optimize agreement with observations was obtained for strongly inhomogeneous, deformation-induced mixing that affects only about 10% of the air parcels per day. The optimal choice of the aspect ratio α defining the ratio of the mean horizontal and vertical separation between the air parcels was determined to be 250 for model configuration with a horizontal resolution r0 = 100 km. By transporting ozone in CLaMS-3d as a passive tracer, the chemical ozone loss was inferred as the difference between the observed and simulated ozone profiles. The results show, in agreement with previous studies, a substantial ozone loss between 380 and 520 K with a maximum loss at 460 K of about 1.9 ppmv, i.e., of over 60% locally, from December to the middle of March 2000. During this period, the impact of isentropic mixing across the vortex edge outweighs the effect of the spatially inhomogeneous (differential) descent on the tracer/ozone correlations in the vortex. Mixing into the vortex shifts the early winter reference tracer/ozone correlation to higher values, which may lead to an underestimate of chemical ozone loss, on average by 0.4 and 0.1 ppmv in the entire vortex and the vortex core, respectively.
Models, Methods, and Solutions for Multicasting in 5G/6G mmWave and Sub-THz Systems

Multicasting in wireless access networks is a functionality that, by leveraging group communications, turns out to be essential for reducing the amount of resources needed to serve users requesting the same content. The support of this functionality in the modern 5G New Radio (NR) and future sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) 6G systems faces critical challenges related to the utilization of massive antenna arrays forming directional radiation patterns, multi-beam functionality, and use of multiple Radio Access Technologys (RATs) having distinctively different coverage and technological specifics. As a result, optimal multicasting in these systems requires novel solutions. This article aims to provide an exhaustive treatment of performance optimization methods for 5G/6G mmWave/sub-THz systems and discuss the associated challenges and opportunities. We start by surveying 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) mechanisms to support multicasting at the NR radio interface and approaches to modeling the 5G/6G radio segment. Then, we illustrate optimal multicast solutions for different 5G NR deployments and antenna patterns, including single- and multi-beam antenna arrays and single- and multiple RAT deployments. Further, we survey new advanced functionalities for improving multicasting performance in 5G/6G systems, encompassing Reflective Intelligent Surfaces (RISs), NR-sidelink technology, and mobile edge enhancements, among many others. Finally, we outline perspectives of multicasting in future 6G networks.
Recovery rate of harvest residues for bioenergy in boreal and temperate forests: A review

Harvest residues are an attractive woody biomass feedstock for bioenergy production. A portion of the total harvest residues are generally left in the cutblock due to technical and profitability constraints. A better understanding of the factors influencing the variability of residue operational recovery rate is important to inform accurately policy development on sustainable forest biomass procurement practices. We compiled the results of field trials from boreal and temperate forests to quantify the range of variation of residue recovery rates and to identify the main factors explaining this variability. The average recovery rate was 52.2%, with minimum and maximum values of 4.0 and 89.1%, and a near‐normal distribution around the average. The main factor contributing to this variation was country of operations, which encompasses aspects of bioenergy policy and markets, technological learning, and forestry context. A shift in bioenergy policy, a growth in (and a change in access to) bioenergy markets, and upward movements along the technological learning curve could increase residue recovery rates approaching the highest values observed in this study, such as those in Nordic countries (72% residue recovery), or even higher if economic and technological conditions keep improving. However, local stand conditions, especially in North America where natural variability is high among forest stands, may continue to constrain operational recovery of harvest residues. Our results suggest the need for the development of policies that define practices and thresholds based on the ecological suitability of ecosystems, with clear definitions and explicit standards for harvest residue inventory, quantification, and retention. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:429–451. doi: 10.1002/wene.157
Reversible intracranial contrast medium accumulation after embolization of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and its association with transient neurological deficits: A single center experience

BACKGROUND: Use of iodine-containing contrast medium (CM) is obligatory for endovascular treatment (EVT) of cerebral aneurysms. After EVT, intracranial density increases (DIs) can be detected in cranial computed tomography (CT). Those DI can correspond to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), infarction or reversible CM accumulation (RCMA). The latter can be mistaken for hemorrhage, especially if they are accompanied by neurological deficits. OBJECTIVE: To analyze postinterventional DI after EVT of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and associated clinical symptoms and to identify risk factors for the occurrence of RCMA. METHODS: For differentiation of DI, we compared CT scans following EVT and additionally 24 h ± 5 h later. Diagnosis of RCMA was based on marked regression of DI on follow-up scans. We analyzed continuous variables (age, duration of intervention and anesthesia, aneurysm diameter, amount of CM and renal function) and categorial variables (gender, aneurysm location, devices for EVT, antiplatelet therapy [APT] and associated neurological deficits) to identify risk factors for the occurrence of RCMA. RESULTS: We studied 58 patients (44 female, mean age 59.5 [range 39–81]) who underwent EVT for a total of 68 cerebral aneurysms in 62 therapy sessions over a 3-year period without periprocedural complications. Postinterventional DI occurred after 17 therapy sessions. All 17 DI turned out to be RCMA in the follow-up imaging. Two patients who had no DI on initial postinterventional CT showed new SAH on follow-up CT. Infarctions were not observed. Transient neurological deficits occurred in eight patients (12.9%) and were associated with RCMA (P = 0.010). Postinterventional RCMA was associated with the duration of EVT (P = 0.038) and with APT (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA] + clopidogrel: P =0.040; ASA alone: P =0.011). CONCLUSIONS: RCMA is common after EVT of unruptured cerebral aneurysms and often accompanied by transient neurological deficits. Long procedure duration and APT appear to predispose to the occurrence of RCMA.
Trust Mining and analysis in complex systems

A complex system, as a collection of loosely coupled interacting components, can group and create functioning units together. Complex systems have become a powerful framework for describing, analysing, modelling systems in nature and society. Trust among components, established by considering past interactions, represents a subjective expectation which a component has about another’s future behaviour to perform given activities dependably, securely, and reliably. Hence, trust is essential to effectively reduce the perceived risks of transactions and guide future interactions. It is applied to quantify the performance of both individual component behaviours and the correlations among interdependent components in a complex system. With regard to certain challenges in the current complex system research, this thesis deeply investigates trust relationships among components within two different types of complex systems, i.e., the collaborative complex system and the preference system, and proposes three trust estimation approaches. Firstly, collaborative complex systems consist of loosely coupled autonomous and adaptive components. In order to address complicated problems which usually require multiple skills and functions, components are grouped as composite teams and collaborate by providing different knowledge, resource and skill. Two types of team formation strategies for collaborative complex systems are proposed for scenarios of team formation without predefined workflow structures, and team formation with predefined workflow structures, respectively. Hence,
The Use of Ovitraps Baited with Hay Infusion as a Surveillance Tool for Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes in Cambodia

This study was conducted to test (a) if a modified version of the CDC-enhanced ovitrap would attract more gravid female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes than standard ovitraps for more frequent monitoring of oviposition activity, and (b) the placement of ovitraps indoors or outdoors affected their performance. Paired ovitraps were placed in 25 strategically selected houses in Toul Kouk, a village on the outskirts of Phnom Penh, Cambodia's capital city. Each pair consisted of one ovitrap with 10% hay infusion and the other with plain tap water, one pair placed inside each house and the other outside the same house. Collections were made every other day for four weeks. The number of positive ovitraps was recorded and egg counts made. Thirteen collections made over a 4-week period yielded a total of 7758 eggs, of which 5396 were collected in ovitraps with hay infusion. Ovitraps with hay infusion had a higher positivity (weekly range 15.56 - 54.55%) than ovitraps with plain water (weekly range 6.67 - 34.88%) (t = 4.92; df 12; p 0.5 and t = 0.06; df 12; p >0.5, respectively) or for plain water traps (t= 1.97; df 12; 0.05 < p < 0.1 and t = 1.03; df 12; 0.2 < p < 0.5, respectively). Overall results indicate that, in the study site (a) hay infusion-baited ovitraps are a more sensitive indicator of the presence and numbers of Aedes aegypti than those with plain water and are suitable for frequent monitoring of Aedes aegypti oviposition activity, and (b) the location of ovitraps, indoors or outdoors, does not influence the performance of the traps.
Evaluating the quality of AVHRR Pathfinder NDVI data for the African continent using SPOT-4 Vegetation data

Abstract Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 106(1):87–102, 2006 The AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) 8 km resolution Pathfinder NDVI (Normalized Difference vegetation Index) 10-day composite data set has been used for numerous local and global scale vegetation time series studies during recent decades. The dataset is a result of considerable processing and resampling from the original 1 km resolution AVHRR LAC (Local Area Coverage) data and combined with inappropriate sensor band design for vegetation monitoring these factors potentially introduce noise in the Pathfinder NDVI. The quality of the Pathfinder data has been difficult to assess but the recent release of SPOT-4 Vegetation (VGT) 10-day composite (S10) NDVI data is considered to be an improvement on the AVHRR data and offers the first possibility for a correct analysis/evaluation of the Pathfinder data. —In this study, three years of AVHRR Pathfinder and resampled SPOT-4 VGT (1998–2000) data has been evaluated/analysed using an ortho-regression analysis on 10-day, monthly and annual integrated values. Annual integrated values of AVHRR Pathfinder and SPOT-4 VGT data can be characterized by a linear relationship and correlate well on a continental scale. However the dynamic range of the SPOT-4 VGT NDVI is higher than the AVHRR Pathfinder NDVI. Analysis of individual IGBP biomes shows biome specific differences; evergreen broadleaf forest characterized by lower r values and highest RMSE values and normalized RMSE values indicate largest divergence for the shrubland biome. When performing the analysis on monthly maximum composites and 10-day composite data, intra-annual variations appear. Analyses of 10-day data also show a linear relationship between the NDVI of the two composite products; the relationship being characterized by lower r values and higher RMSE's. Monthly and 10-day maximum composites reveal intra-annual variations in the correlation between the SPOT-4 VGT and AVHRR Pathfinder data. This is attributed to different cloud masking algorithms; the SPOT-4 VGT cloud screening algorithm being insufficient thereby suppressing the rainy season ND VI. However, the correspondence between the SPOT-4 VGT and A VHRR PAL data is considerably better for a transect analysis covering an area not severely influenced by clouds when compared to the continental scale analysis. This suggests that the major part of the noise found in the continental scale SPOT-4 VGT NDVI and AVHRR PAL NDVI analyses can be attributed the different cloud masking algorithms and is to a lesser degree a consequence of the AVHRR PAL NDVI resampling. It is concluded that the quality of the AVHRR NDVI PAL is adequate for time series continental scale vegetation analysis despite the resampling scheme.
A reanalysis of carbonyl sulfide as a source of stratospheric background sulfur aerosol

This study investigates the importance of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) in the formation of stratospheric background sulfur aerosol. Specific questions examined include the loss rate in the stratosphere, the net flux into the stratosphere, and the contribution of OCS to the stratospheric background sulfur aerosol. From an analysis of current atmospheric measurements of OCS, the total amount of OCS in the atmosphere is evaluated to be 5.2 Tg. Of this total, 4.63 Tg is in the troposphere and 0.57 Tg in the stratosphere. Based on the estimated global OCS source strength of 1.2 Tg yr−1, the global atmospheric lifetime of OCS is estimated to be 4.3 years. Using a one-dimensional photochemical model, the stratospheric photochemical lifetime of OCS is estimated to be 10 years, more than 2 times longer than its global atmospheric lifetime. These results suggest that most of the OCS transported into the stratosphere returns to the troposphere where it is mainly taken up by surface vegetation. The production of stratospheric background sulfur aerosol from OCS oxidation is calculated to be 3.0×1010 gS yr−1, 2 to 5 times smaller than the most recent estimates of the amount of sulfur required to maintain the stratospheric background aerosol level. Possible explanations for this difference include (1) an overevaluation of the nonvolcanic background aerosol burden; (2) an underevaluation of the lifetime of stratospheric background aerosol; (3) the presence of other sulfur sources such as high-altitude aircraft emissions; or (4) that the stratospheric OCS database used in our analysis is flawed with a substantial yet unidentified systematic error.
Climatic oscillations versus environmental changes in the interpretation of Tertiary plant assemblages

Abstract Zonal plant communities are the best climatic indicators because they thrive under specific climatic conditions. However, palaeoclimatic estimates based on mere comparisons of local fossil plant assemblages, even if assessed by multivariate methods, may be misleading, if the taphonomical bias is neglected. The fossil record expresses only limited parts of the vegetation of a given period. The example of the Lower Miocene section at Bílina, North Bohemian Basin, shows how quickly the composition of the plant megafossil record changes as a result of different environmental factors and sedimentary settings. These changes can imitate climatic oscillation because swamp, fluvial and upland facies represented within this site have different vegetation-palaeoclimatic aspects. On the other hand, if one compares two assemblages originating from the same sedimentary and environmental setting (preferably mesophytic conditions), the resulting palaeoclimatic changes can be estimated more safely. Two local assemblages from the Oligocene volcanic area of the České středohoří Mts in North Bohemia are of mesophytic character. Both are embedded in diatomites deposited in crater-maar lakes. The assemblage of Suletice (20–29 Ma), with prevailing thermophilous elements, indicates more warm-temperate conditions, whereas the assemblage of Bechlejovice (27 Ma), composed mostly of deciduous broad-leaved trees and shrubs, corresponds to a temperate climate. Thus, together, these two floral assemblages suggest that a climatic oscillation occurred within Late Oligocene time in Central Europe.
Research on the collaborative evolution process of information in public health emergencies based on complex adaptive system theory and social network analysis: a case study of the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction This review aimed to elucidate the significance of information collaboration in the prevention and control of public health emergencies, and its evolutionary pathway guided by the theory of complex adaptive systems. Methods The study employed time-slicing techniques and social network analysis to translate the dynamic evolution of information collaboration into a stage-based static representation. Data were collected from January to April 2020, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic. Python was used to amass data from diverse sources including government portals, public commentary, social organizations, market updates, and healthcare institutions. Post data collection, the structures, collaboration objectives, and participating entities within each time slice were explored using social network analysis. Results The findings suggest that the law of evolution for information collaboration in public health emergencies primarily starts with small-scale collaboration, grows to full-scale in the middle phase, and then reverts to small-scale in the final phase. The network’s complexity increases initially and then gradually decreases, mirroring changes in collaboration tasks, objectives, and strategies. Discussion The dynamic pattern of information collaboration highlighted in this study offers valuable insights for enhancing emergency management capabilities. Recognizing the evolving nature of information collaboration can significantly improve information processing efficiency during public health crises.
Molecular Detection of Upper Respiratory Tract Viral Infection with RSV, HPIV & Adenovirus among SARS-CoV2 Negative patients with respiratory illness admitted in tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

The most prevalent disease-causing agents in humans are respiratory viruses, which have a global influence on morbidity and death. The Adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) are the dominant respiratory viruses that circulate most often throughout all continents. Vaccines and potent antivirals are not yet available, but progress has been made in understanding their biology and the core problems of host-parasite interaction. The current study aims to study respiratory viral infections among clinical manifestations among SARS-CoV-2 negative patients with pseudo symptoms. This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted at ICMR-DHR Viral Research & Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL), Burdwan Medical College where we used real-time PCR for SARS-CoV-2 screening and viral DNA extraction for Adenovirus screening. Real-time PCR through SyBr green was used to detect RSV, HPIV, and Adenovirus in 120 clinical samples. Beta Actin was used as a test control for DNA compatibility for PCR amplification. Among 120 patients studied, 13 were Adenovirus positive, three RSV positive, and two HPIV positive. 35% were infected with Adenovirus. RSV and HPIV also caused infection, with prevalence rates of 5.83% and 14.17%, respectively. Triple infection was observed in 1 neonatal patient among 120. In conclusion, triple infections in RSV, HPIV, Adeno, and neonates were found, but none of the 120 SARS-CoV2 infections were mono-infections. This suggests that respiratory viral infections among pseudo-SARS-CoV-2 signs and symptoms may lead to future pandemics, and further research is needed to confirm this.