Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
WIZARD: An Intelligent Approach to Prepare Android Devices for Reproducible Tests

When an Android mobile device starts for the first time, the Android Setup Wizard (ASW) is loaded so the user can do his initial configurations, such as Wi-Fi network, date, user account, data restore, terms and condition, and others. However, in the context of manual or automated tests, every time a device starts for the first time, this ASW should be consistently configured before the tests begin. This configuration should not affect the test measurements to make them reproducible. It is impracticable to manually pass through all the steps of the ASW before every new test since this limits scalability. Moreover, a manual process can be error-prone, since two testers might use different navigation paths in the ASW, and this can affect the output. An automated script to do this task is not trivial as steps of the ASW can change depending on the device model, Android version (N, O, P, Q, etc.) and vendor (Verizon, Global, etc.). This means that the number of steps and the actions that should be executed in each of them can vary. Therefore, we propose WIZARD, an intelligent system that navigates automatically and consistently through the steps of the ASW, allowing the specialist to customize this navigation. To do that, WIZARD uses information retrieval (IR), vector space model (VSM), and re-rank techniques. We validate our approach on a set of real-world and commercially-available Android builds of a large company that comprises 1505 unique records. In the task of predicting the action to execute, our approach achieved an average Accuracy@1 of 98,82% and an Accuracy@5 of 99,87%. To the best of our knowledge, WIZARD is the first system that automatically navigates in the ASW to prepare devices for reproducible tests.
Bistable springs for wideband microelectromechanical energy harvesters

This paper presents experimental results on a microelectromechanical energy harvester with curved springs that demonstrates an extremely wide bandwidth. The springs display an asymmetrical bistable behavior obtained purely through their geometrical design. The frequency down-sweep shows that the harvester 3-dB bandwidth is about 587 Hz at 0.208-g acceleration amplitude. For white noise excitation at 4×10−3 g2/Hz, we found that the bandwidth reaches 715 Hz, which is more than 250 times wider than in the linear-spring regime. By varying the bias voltage, an output power of 3.4 μW is obtained for frequency down-sweep at 1-g amplitude and 150-V bias.
Process improvement in farm equipment sector (FES): a case on Six Sigma adoption

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to exhibit how a leading company operating in farm equipment sector (FES) in India utilized Six Sigma statistical tools to reduce field failures of tractor assembly and thereby improved customer satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted Six Sigma define-measure-analyse-improve-control (DMAIC) methodology in order to identify numerous critical process improvements. Findings – After completing the define, measure and analyze phase, it was found that the processes of lapping, spring scragging, and assembly of valve body were incapable. The major recommendations made during the improve phase were to change the hydraulic oil; replacement of manual grinder with tool and cutter grinder for flat drill grinding; automation of lapping system; improvement in spring scragging system, change in piston design, etc. As a result of the implementation of remedies, field failure reduced by 95 percent producing a cost saving of almost INR 4.366 million/annum. Origin.
A large deflection model of silicon membranes for testing intrinsic stress of MEMS microphones by measuring pull-In voltage

Mechanical parameters, especially mechanical stress of membranes used in silicon microphones strongly depend on the manufacturing process. As a result, deviations during this process can result in sensitivity variations of the microphone. Therefore, the stress should be well controlled within a certain tensile level. This paper describes a method to test devices electrically using the MEMS related pull-in phenomenon with respect to the mechanical compliance of microphone membranes. Using this method, out of specification chips can be detected at an early stage within the manufacturing process instead of determination at a system functionality test after packaging. Therefore, the adequacy for the intended use of the pull-in voltage and its dependency on varying tensile stress due to manufacturing tolerance is evaluated.
Emerging Themes of the Leadership and Green Innovation of the Government-Linked Companies

The main reason businesses need to innovate is due to its necessity to sustain and survive, and not for the matter of how brilliant and visionary the leaders of the organisation are. Innovation has known for its very significant role in the organisation progression and growth. Innovation can happen in the products, processes, and services being embarked by organisations to make more profit by reducing operational cost and making processes more efficient. The concern over the environment all around the world has encouraged innovation to be more tailored to the “green”. “Green” is a name that is being associated with anything or any action that has impact to the environment such as green building, green government and green innovation. This constructive research is a qualitative multicases study. Data collection is done via interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. The result has been analyzed to see the themes emerging from the data before the analysis is being interpreted. This paper discusses the impact of green innovation to the top management leadership in the Government-linked Companies (GLCs) in Malaysia. The key findings highlighted that the leadership must be sensitive and must understand the green demand and situation in Malaysia and around the world with respect to the industries that these GLCs are operating. This is where the top management leadership “attribute” is justified to fit the green innovation implementation.
Dynamics of Narrow Tilting Vehicles

Narrow commuter vehicles can address many congestion, parking and pollution issues associated with urban transportation. In making narrow vehicles safe, comfortable and acceptable to the public, active tilt control systems are likely to play a crucial role. This paper concentrates on developing a dynamic model for narrow vehicles that can be used for the design and evaluation of active tilt control systems. The model has four degrees of freedom including lateral and tilt dynamics. The influence of gyroscopic forces due to rotating wheels and the influence of front wheel trail are included but secondary coupling effects are ignored so as to keep the model tractable. The model is used in this paper to understand the influence of vehicle tilt on the steering angle required for cornering, the desired tilt angle for any specified cornering maneuver and the influence of gyroscopic moments on transient tilting/cornering maneuvers. A study of the model equations also provides insight into how narrow vehicles can be designed so as to be self-stabilizing.
Analysis of Pedestrian Exposure to Risk in Relation to Crossing Behavior

The objective of this research was to analyze pedestrian exposure to risk along urban trips in relation to pedestrian crossing behavior. First, an appropriate microscopic indicator was selected for the estimation of pedestrian exposure to risk while a person crossed a road at isolated locations. This indicator expressed exposure as the number of vehicles encountered by pedestrians during the crossing of a single uncontrolled road lane and could be further adapted and applied for various road design and traffic control features. Moreover, the number and type of crossings along a pedestrian trip could be identified on the basis of the trip length and topology, whereas the set of choices of alternative crossing locations for each crossing decision could also be defined. The crossing probability associated with each alternative location along the trip could then be estimated by means of a sequential logit model. A method is presented for the estimation of exposure to risk for pedestrians along a trip in relation to their crossing behavior. The proposed approach was demonstrated in a pilot implementation for a typical pedestrian trip in the center of Athens, Greece, for four scenarios combining different traffic conditions and pedestrian walking speed. The results showed that exposure to risk for pedestrians along a trip was significantly affected by the pedestrians' crossing choices, as well as by road and traffic characteristics. Results also revealed that pedestrians with increased walking speed might have partly compensated for their exposure to risk so that the risk was not significantly affected by traffic volume. Moreover, specific locations with increased pedestrian exposure to risk could be identified for each trip. The proposed microscopic analysis of exposure to risk proved advantageous compared with existing macroscopic ones. This microscopic analysis revealed the different possible definitions and aspects of pedestrian exposure, with useful implications for road safety analysis.
Noise and jitter behavior of nonlinear amplifier optical loop mirror based on photonic crystal fiber

Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirrors have been considered as nonlinear compressors for high input power optical pulses. The present work proposes a NOLM scheme that compresses and reshapes low power picosecond optical pulses in the miliwatts range. This scheme is based on a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and the use of highly nonlinear Photonic Crystal fibers. The attention of this study is the amplitude noise and timing jitter behavior of this scheme.
Category of Source Proper Group Space

Our main interest in this study is to look for group space and the topological groupoid. In this paper, we give some results of group space and the topological groupoid, which are properties source proper group space ( ). Finally , remarks , proportions , theorems and example are our own unless other wise referred.
Thermogelling magnetorheological fluids

A novel approach is proposed for the formulation of kinetically stable magnetorheological (MR) fluids exhibiting an MR effect. Thermoresponsive carrier fluids are used which develop a sol–gel transition on increasing the temperature. Turbidity measurements, multiwave rheology and steady shear flow tests are carried out on model conventional MR fluids prepared by dispersion of carbonyl iron microparticles in triblock copolymer solutions of type PEOx–PPOy–PEOx with x = 100 and y = 65. Experiments demonstrate that the MR fluids remain stable against sedimentation in the gel phase and exhibit a very large (relative) MR effect (up to 1000%) in the sol phase.
Transfer printing as a method for fabricating hybrid devices on flexible substrates

Printing methods are becoming important in the fabrication of flexible electronics. A transfer printing method has been developed for the fabrication of organic thin-film transistors (OTFT), capacitors, resistors and inductors onto plastic substrates. The method relies primarily on differential adhesion for the transfer of a printable layer from a transfer substrate to a device substrate. A range of materials applications is illustrated, including metals, organic semiconductors, organic dielectrics, nanotube and nanowire mats, a patterned inorganic semiconductor and graphene. Transfer printing can be used to create complex structures including many disparate materials sequentially printed onto the flexible substrate, with no mixed processing steps performed on the device substrate. Specifically, the fabrication and performance of model OTFT devices consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, gold (Au) gate and source/drain electrodes, a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) dielectric layer and either a pentacene (Pn) or a poly(3- hexylthiophene) (P3HT) organic semiconductor layer will be presented. These transfer printed OTFTs on plastic outperform non-printed devices on a Si substrate with a SiO2 dielectric layer (SiO2/Si). Transfer printed Pn OTFTs on a plastic substrate have exhibited mobilities of 0.237 cm2/Vs, compared to non-printed Pn OTFTs on a SiO2/Si substrate with mobilities of 0.1 cm2/Vs. Transfer printed P3HT TFTs on a plastic substrate have exhibited mobilites of 0.04 cm2/Vs, compared to non-printed P3HT TFTs on a SiO2/Si substrate with mobilities of 0.007 cm2/Vs.
Mobile Transporter Path Planning Using A Genetic Algorithm Approach

The use of an optimization technique known as a genetic algorithm for solving the mobile transporter path planning problem is investigated. The mobile transporter is a traveling robotic vehicle proposed for the space station which must be able to reach any point of the structure autonomously. Specific elements of the genetic algorithm are explored in both a theoretical and experimental sense. Recent developments in genetic algorithm theory are shown to be particularly effective in a path planning problem domain, though problem areas can be cited which require more research. However, trajectory planning problems are common in space systems and the genetic algorithm provides an attractive alternative to the classical techniques used to solve these problems.
Predicting the whole-life cost of a product at the conceptual design stage

Abstract This paper describes cost modelling research, industrial approaches and commercial systems and how these relate to whole-life cost estimating. The particular focus of the research described is the applicability of current approaches for the modelling of low-volume, infrequent products, such as complex electronic systems at the conceptual design stage. Traditional approaches, in particular those used to predict costs for mechanical systems, are described in detail, and the approach by which cost estimating relationships are ascertained is summarized. The approaches used within sectors such as aerospace, construction and injection moulding are discussed and evaluated. All of these are placed in the context of the design process, and in particular their relationship to the conceptual design of a product is described. Finally, a review of commercial systems and the methods they adopt and domains to which they are applicable are described. The use of these approaches in terms of whole-life cost of a product is then mapped.
InP Gunn-Effect Devices for Millimeter-Wave Amplifiers and Oscillators

CW InP Gunn oscillator performance has been extended up in frequency to the 26.5-40 and 50-75-GHz ranges. CW power outputs of 78 mW at 56 GHz have been attained to date. Amplifier evaluation in Ku band yielded useful gain from 26.5 to 40 GHz in two half-band circuits with noise figures ranging from 12.4 to 16.5 dB on flat profile devices. In a narrow-band amplifier circuit at 23 GHz, a device noise figure of 10.1 dB was obtained at 9-dB gain. A description of material growth, evaluation techniques, and device designs is also presented.
Principal Component Analysis-Based Object Detection/Recognition Chip for Wireless Interconnected Three-Dimensional Integration

To develop image detection/recognition systems for various types of multiobjects that operate in real-time/real-world with small-size hardware and low-power dissipation, three-demensional (3-D) integration of multichips is required. We have designed a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) test chip for object detection/recognition utilizing the processing algorithm based on the eigenface method and wireless chip-to-chip interconnections. Furthermore, a 3-D integration system was designed utilizing wireless chip-to-chip interconnections of parallel inductor-coupled local wireless interconnect (LWI) for 5.3 Gbps image data transfer, and antenna-coupled global wireless interconnect (GWI) for 500 Mbps clock and command distribution. With the prospect of realizing enhanced system performance using 0.18 µm CMOS chips, object detection/recognition times of 580 µs for detection and 4.2 µs for one-to-one recognition, and 40 giga operation per second (GOPS) processing capabilities at a 250 MHz clock frequency were obtained.
Agricultural Benefits for Senegal River Basin

A multipurpose water resource development project is proposed for construction and development in West Africa. The plans include the irrigation of an area of 274,805 ha by the year 2030 in three countries: Senegal, Mauritania, and Mali. Agricultural benefits are estimated and analyzed by means of a computer program. The factors influencing crop yields are analyzed and summarized including crop selection, water, fertility, and management. Some of the considerations that will produce higher crop yields in future years are presented. It is proposed that the irrigation project management should be responsible for calculating crop water requirements and insuring acceptable irrigation efficiencies. A method is presented for estimating crop water requirements from maximum and minimum air temperatures. The desirability of using irrigation supplemental to rainfall for maximizing benefits from limited water is presented. The maximum contribution of a unit of irrigation water to yield is possible during the rainy se.
COMPARISON OF A CONVENTIONAL PCR AND QUANTITATIVE REAL TIME PCR (qPCR) ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF HUANGLONGBING DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH ‘CANDIDATUS LIBERIBACTER ASIATICUS’ IN CITRUS VARIETIES

Citrus greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the main devastating citrus diseases worldwide. HLB causing infectious bacterium “Candidatus Liberibacter” is a phloem specific and fastidious agent, having three different species. A comparison of conventional PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was done by universal 16S rDNA marker. In the current study conventional PCR was used to early screening of Candidatus Liberibacter spp and real-time quantitative PCR used for the quantification of HLB causing agent in citrus trees. Total 35 citrus cultivars were selected from mandarins and sweet oranges groups from an orchard “Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha,” Pakistan. The DNA was extracted from HLB asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves. By conventional PCR, the HLB infectious bacterium has identified in 11 sweet oranges samples (31%) in which an amplicon of 1174 bp was generated. While qPCR subsequently reported to quantify the titer of Ca. L.asiaticus in host plant. In the present study qPCR results showed the pathogen could be detected with a Cq value getting in ranged of 26.58to 38.17. Samples with higher Cq ratio showed lower copy number of targeted gene. There was no amplification detected with healthy citrus samples and water control. A robust and sensitive qPCR assay can be used for the screening and quantify the Ca. L. asiaticus strain to confirm the HLB infection in Pakistan. This diagnostic test will be very helpful for implementing a wide range of diagnostics research programs aiming at ultimately developing strategies for the control of HLB in Pakistan.
A large-scale analysis of seed natural aging revealed stronger aging resistance in weedy rice than coexisting cultivated rice for continuous 4 years across China

Increasing resistance to aging is conducive to seed storage and germination rate of crop. Meanwhile, the resistance to aging is one of the important adaptive mechanisms of weed to thrive in farmland. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) and cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) provide a unique pair demonstrating a weed and conspecific model crop that can be used to study the aging resistance of plants across a diverse geographical range. Chinese weedy rice derived from de-domestication of cultivated rice has rapidly risen to malignant weeds, though the hazard has only been reported for about 20 years. Whether weedy rice rapidly evolves higher seed aging resistance than cultivated rice during the process of dedomestication, which is conducive to its persistence in rice fields, is still unclear. In this experiment, the seeds of weed rice populations and their co-existing rice varieties were collected from 61 regions of China and germinated under normal and high temperatures for consecutive four years (2013–2016). Our study found that the aging resistance of weedy rice was higher than that of the co-existing rice cultivars, and weedy rice may have evolved a different aging resistance mechanism than rice cultivars and could be used as a germplasm resource to cultivate aging-resistant rice. The indica-type has strong aging resistance and no dormancy, while the japonica type has weak aging resistance and a little weak dormancy. Thus, by introducing indica-type aging-resistant alleles into japonica rice, cultivation of aging-resistant japonica rice could be possible.
Plant, grain, and soil response of irrigated malt barley as affected by cultivar, phosphorus, and sulfur applications on an alkaline soil

Abstract Information on the effects of phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) applications on crop response and soil-P status of two-row malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under high-input conditions are limited in alkaline soils despite widespread fertilizer-P and -S use. A field study was conducted during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons where the barley cultivars (ABI-Voyager and Moravian 69) were grown at five rates of P (0, 37, 73, 110, and 147 kg P ha−1) and three rates of S (0, 112, 224 kg S ha−1). ABI-Voyager had significantly greater biological yield (17,023 kg ha−1) and grain yield (7433 kg ha−1) but a lower (44%) harvest index (HI) than Moravian 69 (15,037 kg ha−1, 7168 kg ha−1 and 49%, respectively). Grain yield increased with rate of P-application until 37 kg P ha−1 where the maximum calculated yield was obtained at 98 kg P ha−1 by a quadratic model. Sulfur application had no significant effect on any of the measured crop or soil parameters. Olsen P increased linearly with greater fertilizer-P applications, indicating grain-P removal was not sufficient to reduce or retain STP concentrations at initial levels when P was applied. Crop-P uptake and soil-P response to fertilizer P applications are important, as remaining soil P is available for subsequent crop usage and may have potential negative environmental impacts. Thus, cultivar selection and appropriate fertilizer-P and S management will ensure optimal agronomic and economic returns while minimizing potentially negative environmental impacts for two-row malt barley produced in the western United States.
Rapid prototyping: practical approach to enabling reverse engineering

It has been reported that Rapid Prototyping (RP) is one of the enablers of Reverse Engineering (RE). Two separate studies have been carried out to verify the degree of the activities of RP as an enabler of RE. These studies which, are both experimental and theoretical in nature, considered two different components that were reversed engineered using CMM, 3D-laser Scanner and ProEngineer CAD package for final model in Stereolithography system. This involves the redesigning of parts using the original component as a template to retrieve the dimensional information required to rebuild the component on a Computer Aided Design (CAD) based program before the alterations can be made to improve it. The main area of studies is concerned with the interlinking of the two processes stated above. More accurately the computer data transfer of the dimensions of the component straight from the CMM or laser scanning machine on to the CAD based program considered, ProEngineer was used for this application. This would produce the model directly from the data transfer without any necessary physical drawing onto ProEngineer. The model production is generated at a considerable speed at minimal cost to ensure the components suitability for its specific use, giving the designer a physical model of the part. The purpose of doing this is to find a way of transferring data from the CMM or Laser Scanner to the RP system without the use of any other software and to cut down on the time and cost of Product development cycle. In this study these have been achieved.