Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Model of Multi-Finger Coordination in Keystroke Movement

In multi-finger coordinated keystroke actions by professional pianists, movements are precisely regulated by multiple motor neural centers, exhibiting a certain degree of coordination in finger motions. This coordination enhances the flexibility and efficiency of professional pianists’ keystrokes. Research on the coordination of keystrokes in professional pianists is of great significance for guiding the movements of piano beginners and the motion planning of exoskeleton robots, among other fields. Currently, research on the coordination of multi-finger piano keystroke actions is still in its infancy. Scholars primarily focus on phenomenological analysis and theoretical description, which lack accurate and practical modeling methods. Considering that the tendon of the ring finger is closely connected to adjacent fingers, resulting in limited flexibility in its movement, this study concentrates on coordinated keystrokes involving the middle and ring fingers. A motion measurement platform is constructed, and Leap Motion is used to collect data from 12 professional pianists. A universal model applicable to multiple individuals for multi-finger coordination in keystroke actions based on the backpropagation (BP) neural network is proposed, which is optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) and a sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The angular rotation of the ring finger’s MCP joint is selected as the model output, while the individual difference information and the angular data of the middle finger’s MCP joint serve as inputs. The individual difference information used in this study includes ring finger length, middle finger length, and years of piano training. The results indicate that the proposed SSA-BP neural network-based model demonstrates superior predictive accuracy, with a root mean square error of 4.8328°. Based on this model, the keystroke motion of the ring finger’s MCP joint can be accurately predicted from the middle finger’s keystroke motion information, offering an evaluative method and scientific guidance for the training of multi-finger coordinated keystrokes in piano learners.
Wound Repair of the Cell Membrane: Lessons from Dictyostelium Cells

The cell membrane is frequently subjected to damage, either through physical or chemical means. The swift restoration of the cell membrane’s integrity is crucial to prevent the leakage of intracellular materials and the uncontrolled influx of extracellular ions. Consequently, wound repair plays a vital role in cell survival, akin to the importance of DNA repair. The mechanisms involved in wound repair encompass a series of events, including ion influx, membrane patch formation, endocytosis, exocytosis, recruitment of the actin cytoskeleton, and the elimination of damaged membrane sections. Despite the absence of a universally accepted general model, diverse molecular models have been proposed for wound repair in different organisms. Traditional wound methods not only damage the cell membrane but also impact intracellular structures, including the underlying cortical actin networks, microtubules, and organelles. In contrast, the more recent improved laserporation selectively targets the cell membrane. Studies on Dictyostelium cells utilizing this method have introduced a novel perspective on the wound repair mechanism. This review commences by detailing methods for inducing wounds and subsequently reviews recent developments in the field.
Skeleton-Based Activity Recognition for Process-Based Quality Control of Concealed Work via Spatial–Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks

Computer vision (CV)-based recognition approaches have accelerated the automation of safety and progress monitoring on construction sites. However, limited studies have explored its application in process-based quality control of construction works, especially for concealed work. In this study, a framework is developed to facilitate process-based quality control utilizing Spatial–Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (ST-GCNs). To test this model experimentally, we used an on-site collected plastering work video dataset to recognize construction activities. An ST-GCN model was constructed to identify the four primary activities in plastering works, which attained 99.48% accuracy on the validation set. Then, the ST-GCN model was employed to recognize the activities of three extra videos, which represented a process with four activities in the correct order, a process without the activity of fiberglass mesh covering, and a process with four activities but in the wrong order, respectively. The results indicated that activity order could be clearly withdrawn from the activity recognition result of the model. Hence, it was convenient to judge whether key activities were missing or in the wrong order. This study has identified a promising framework that has the potential to the development of active, real-time, process-based quality control at construction sites.
Un algorithme d'inversion par moindres carrés pondérés : application aux données géophysiques par méthodes électromaghétiques en domaine fréquence.

Geophysical inverse theory can be used to process data collected from the surface in order to build an image of the subsurface structures. This processing is the only way to get a quantitative insight into the subsurface features. Inverse problems in geophysics, \ like the one-dimensional inversion of frequency domain electromagnetic data presented in this paper, frequently suffer from the lack of available information. Interpreting such inverse results can therefore be misleading or dangerous. This prompts us to propose an inverse formulation that contains a maximum of a priori information. To introduce a priori information into the inverse problem, the least-squares formulation (Marquardt-Levenberg) is completed with weighting matrices. Various parameters (e.g. the damping factor) or the quality of the starting model allow the inverse process to converge towards a plausible solution. Nevertheless, the uniqueness of the solution cannot be guaranteed. Solving inverse problems seems complex at first sight but the background theory can be easily understood. The inverse problem solution, the characteristics of under- or over-determined systems, the principle of norm minimisation as well as the task of a weighting matrix can be presented in a straightforward way. The numerical resolution of the inverse problem is intentionally kept as much general as possible in this work. Therefore, the numerical tools proposed in this paper can be used to solve other inverse problems. To invert a matrix, a Gauss reduction with partial pivoting is first used. The upper triangular linear system is then solved using a back-solving procedure. This method proved to be stable and the computational effort as well as the memory required can be optimised throughout the whole procedure. This algorithm is used to invert synthetic data calculated on a horizontal-layer model. These examples enhance the influence of the lack of information on the quality of the model reconstruction. The role of the weighting matrices is also emphasized. These matrices, that can contain measurement errors or constraints on the model, introduce a priori information into the inverse problem. This information proved to have a significantly positive influence on the quality of the model reconstruction. Nevertheless, poor quality results can sometimes be obtained when using starting models too different from the solution. The efficiency of the inversion algorithm is also demonstrated with field data.
Robust Distributed Estimation of the Maximum of a Field

This paper deals with the problem of robust distributed sampling of a field in the presence of unreliable sensors/agents. An algorithm is devised to estimate the maximum of the field over the domain spanned by the agents where some of the sensors can sample wrong measurements over a finite time, higher than the maximum field value. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given to guarantee convergence to the maximum field value and a robust and redundant algorithm design is presented by combining an exhaustive ergodic search with multiagent consensus protocols. In this original setup, the presence of unilateral interactions and exogenous signals is considered, the latter representing the measures sampled by the agents. Representative examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and conditions.
Metabolic dynamics in astrocytes and microglia during post-natal development and their implications for autism spectrum disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by elusive underlying mechanisms. Recent attention has focused on the involvement of astrocytes and microglia in ASD pathology. These glial cells play pivotal roles in maintaining neuronal homeostasis, including the regulation of metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between ASD and inborn errors of metabolism. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the functions of microglia and astrocytes in ASD is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. This review aims to provide a summary of the metabolism of astrocytes and microglia during post-natal development and the evidence of disrupted metabolic pathways in ASD, with particular emphasis on those potentially important for the regulation of neuronal post-natal maturation by astrocytes and microglia.
The impact of water deficit and high temperature on berry biophysical traits and berry and wine chemical and sensory traits.

i Declaration . iii Publications . iv Related Publications and Communications Arising During Candidature . v Acknowledgments . vi Dedication . vii Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review . 1 1.1 Overview . 2 1.2 Greenhouse Gas Emission and Climate Change . 3 1.3 Berry Growth and Development . 4 1.4 Berry Shrivelling . 7 1.5 Mesocarp Cell Death and Shrivelling – a Linking Hypothesis . 8 1.6 Effects of Elevated Temperature and Water Deficit on Grapevine Composition . 9 1.6. 1 Thermal Effects . 10 1.6. 2 Water Effects . 11 1.6. 3 Combined Temperature and Water Effects . 12 1.7 Summary and Aims of Research . 12 1.8 Linking Statement . 13 Chapter 2: Critical Appraisal of Methods to Investigate Temperature Effects on Grapevine Berry Composition . 17 Chapter 3: Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Onset and Rate of Mesocarp Cell Death in Berries of Shiraz and Chardonnay and its Relationship with Berry Shrivel . 43 Chapter 4: Elevated Temperature and Water Stress Accelerate Mesocarp Cell Death and Shrivelling, and Decouple Sensory Traits in Shiraz Berries . 53 Chapter 5: Impact of Elevated Temperature and Water Deficit on the Chemical and Sensory Profiles of Barossa Shiraz Grapes and Wines . 71 Chapter 6: Conclusions and Future Research . 107 References . 112
Climate Change in Mt.Qomolangma Region in China during the Last 34 Years

Using annual mean,maximum,minimum air temperature and monthly mean precipitation data from 5 weather stations in Mt.Qomolangma region from 1971 to 2004,climatic linear trend,moving mean,low-pass filter and accumulated variance analysis methods,the spatial and temporal patterns of the climatic change in this region were analyzed.The main findings can be summarized as follows:(1)There is an obvious ascending trend for the interannual variation of air temperature in Mt.Qomolangma region and the ascending trend of the highest station,Tingri,is most significant.The rate of increasing air temperature is 0.0234 oCa-1 in Mt.Qomolangma region and 0.0302 oCa-1 in Tingri.The air temperature increases more strongly in non-growing season. (2)Compared with China and the global mean,the warming of Mt.Qomolangma region occurred early.The linear rates of temperature increase in Mt.Qomolangma region exceed those for China and the global mean in the same period.This is attributed to the sensitivity of mountain regions to climate change. (3)The southern and northern parts of Mt.Qomolangma region are quite different in precipitation changes.Stations in the northern part show increasing trends but are not statistically significant.Nyalam in the southern part shows a decreasing trend and the sudden decrease of precipitation occurred in the early 1990s. (4)Compared with the previous studies,we find that the warming of Mt.Qomolangma high-elevation region is most significant in China in the same period.The highest automatic meteorological comprehensive observation station in the world that was set up at the base camp of Mt.Qomolangma with an elevation of 5032 m above sea level will play an important role in monitoring the global climate change.
Association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with type 2 diabetes in Shenzhen, China

Background Evidence of vitamin D status and cardiometabolic health in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults with T2DM in Shenzhen, China. Methods This cross-sectional study included 164 adults (aged ≥18 years) with T2DM who were hospitalized at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from March 1, 2023, to May 31, 2023. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, the active marker of vitamin D, and three major cardiometabolic risk factors including blood pressure (BP), glucose metabolism-related indicators, and blood lipid profiles were collected. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL. Correlation, Regression, and Logistic analysis were applied to verify the association among serum 25(OH)D concentration, VDD, and 11 cardiometabolic risk factors. Results Median 25(OH)D concentration was 21.78 [interquartile range (IQR)=17.51-28.05] ng/mL. The prevalence of VDD was 40.24%. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was significantly negatively correlated with diastolic BP (DBP) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) rather than systolic BP, plasma glucose, plasma C-peptide, and blood lipid profiles among adults with T2DM in both correlation and linear regression analysis. Furthermore, the adjusted odd ratio for poor DBP control (≥90 mmHg) of T2DM patients with VDD was 3.164 (95% confidence interval=1.303, 7.683; P=0.011) compared to those without VDD. Conclusion In China, VDD was highly prevalent among adults with T2DM and associated with greater cardiovascular risk factors, especially with increased chances of uncontrolled DBP. These findings suggest that vitamin D levels should be monitored in T2DM patients, especially those with high DBP.
Numerical illustration of the global and local stability and instability of the constant spatially developing 1D gas flow

In this paper different types of stabilities (global, local) with respect to instantaneous perturbations and permanent source produced time harmonic perturbations are numerically illustrated in case of a constant spatially developing 1D gas flow. Some types of instabilities (global absolute, local convective) are also illustrated. For this purpose the 1D Euler equations linearized at the constant gas flow are used. It is illustrated for instance, that the constant gas flow is globally absolutely unstable with respect to some instantaneous and some permanent source produced time harmonic perturbations. The locally convective instability is also illustrated with respect to some instantaneous and some permanent source produced time harmonic perturbations.
Tetrahydrocannabinol and dopamine D1 receptor

Dopamine is a hormone that is released by the adrenal gland and influences motor control and motivation. Dopamine is known to have 5 receptors which are D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5, which are further categorized into 2 families: D1 family and D2 family. The D1 family is known to play a role in motivation and motor control whereas the D2 family is known to affect attention and sleep. THC, a type of cannabinoid, can lead to feelings of euphoria, anxiety, fear, distrust, or panic. THC is known to affect dopamine in regions such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and plays a role in fundamental cognitive processes. Although there is a vast amount of research between the relationship of THC on dopamine, there continues to be limited research in relation to THC on dopamine receptors. The D1 receptor plays a role in several essential functions, such as memory, attention, impulse control, regulation of renal function, and locomotion. Accordingly, this review is intended to summarize the relationship between THC and D1 receptors, highlighting key gaps in the literature and avenues for future research.
Labor Reallocation over the Business Cycle : New Evidence from Internal Migration

Labor Reallocation over the Business Cycle: New Evidence from Internal Migration This paper establishes the cyclical properties of a novel measure of worker reallocation: longdistance migration rates within the US. This internal migration offers a bird’s eye view of worker reallocation in the economy as long-distance migrants often change jobs or employment status, altering the spatial allocation of labor. Using historical reports of the Current Population Survey (CPS), we examine gross migration patterns during the entire postwar era, a period that spans ten recessions over more than fifty years. We obtain additional evidence on inter-state and inter-metropolitan population flows during the past thirty years from statistics compiled by the Internal Revenue Service. We find that internal migration within the US is strongly procyclical in both sources. Even after accounting for variation in relative local economic conditions, migration is lower during downturns in the national economy. Using individual-level CPS data, we find that migration is procyclical for most major demographic and labor force groups, although it is strongest for younger workers. Our findings suggest that cyclical fluctuations in internal migration are driven by economywide changes in the net cost to worker reallocation with a major role for the job finding rate of young workers. JEL Classification: J6, E32
New Perspectives of Therapies in Osteogenesis Imperfecta—A Literature Review

(1) Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare skeletal dysplasia characterized as a heterogeneous disorder group with well-defined phenotypic and genetic features that share uncommon bone fragility. The current treatment options, medical and orthopedic, are limited and not efficient enough to improve the low bone density, bone fragility, growth, and mobility of the affected individuals, creating the need for alternative therapeutic agents. (2) Methods: We searched the medical database to find papers regarding treatments for OI other than conventional ones. We included 45 publications. (3) Results: In reviewing the literature, eight new potential therapies for OI were identified, proving promising results in cells and animal models or in human practice, but further research is still needed. Bone marrow transplantation is a promising therapy in mice, adults, and children, decreasing the fracture rate with a beneficial effect on structural bone proprieties. Anti-RANKL antibodies generated controversial results related to the therapy schedule, from no change in the fracture rate to improvement in the bone mineral density resorption markers and bone formation, but with adverse effects related to hypercalcemia. Sclerostin inhibitors in murine models demonstrated an increase in the bone formation rate and trabecular cortical bone mass, and a few human studies showed an increase in biomarkers and BMD and the downregulation of resorption markers. Recombinant human parathormone and TGF-β generated good results in human studies by increasing BMD, depending on the type of OI. Gene therapy, 4-phenylbutiric acid, and inhibition of eIF2α phosphatase enzymes have only been studied in cell cultures and animal models, with promising results. (4) Conclusions: This paper focuses on eight potential therapies for OI, but there is not yet enough data for a new, generally accepted treatment. Most of them showed promising results, but further research is needed, especially in the pediatric field.
Subscale Stress-Managed Common Coil Design

In the context of the High-Field Magnet (HFM) Programme, hosted at CERN, and the Swiss Accelerator Research and Technology (CHART) Initiative, hosted at PSI, the Magnet Development (MagDev) project aims to contribute to the Future Circular Collider (FCC) studies through, among others: (i) research on enabling technologies and (ii) high-field Low Temperature superconducting (LTS) and High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnets. After a first experience with the CD1 magnet, a Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) Nb3Sn demonstrator, a roadmap has been established with milestones ranging from enabling technologies tested in powered samples and coils, to ultimate-field and hybrid LTS/HTS short magnets. This article describes the conceptual design of the subscale stress-managed common-coils platform, which is an R&D vehicle for testing enabling technologies, innovative design concepts, and LTS and hybrid LTS/HTS coils. The different aspects of the design will be discussed, including the concept proposed for this platform, magnetic design, coil-ends optimization, and mechanical analysis.
Challenges in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy in Adults: Current Perspectives

Abstract Diagnosing Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) poses numerous challenges. The heterogeneous presentations of CIDP variants, its mimics, and the complexity of interpreting electrodiagnostic criteria are just a few of the many reasons for misdiagnoses. Early recognition and treatment are important to reduce the risk of irreversible axonal damage, which may lead to permanent disability. The diagnosis of CIDP is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, nerve conduction study findings that indicate demyelination, and other supportive criteria. In 2021, the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and the Peripheral Nerve Society (PNS) published a revision on the most widely adopted guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of CIDP. This updated guideline now includes clinical and electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP variants (previously termed atypical CIDP), updated supportive criteria, and sensory criteria as an integral part of the electrodiagnostic criteria. Due to its many rules and exceptions, this guideline is complex and misinterpretation of nerve conduction study findings remain common. CIDP is treatable with intravenous immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and plasma exchange. The choice of therapy should be tailored to the individual patient’s situation, taking into account the severity of symptoms, potential side effects, patient autonomy, and past treatments. Treatment responses should be evaluated as objectively as possible using disability and impairment scales. Applying these outcome measures consistently in clinical practice aids in recognizing the effectiveness (or lack thereof) of a treatment and facilitates timely consideration of alternative diagnoses or treatments. This review provides an overview of the current perspectives on the diagnostic process and first-line treatments for managing the disease.