Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated Identification and Genetic Diversity of Potentially Invasive Clearwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Sesiidae) in Korea

Simple Summary Climate change is accelerating the introduction of exotic pests, coupled with an increase in international trade and travelers. This study is a case of a street tree planted as an urban green space for natural landscape, shade, and pollution prevention that became a habitat for exotic pests. As an initial response to the exotic pests damaging the urban landscape, this study was conducted to accurately identify the species and trace their route of introduction into Korea. Based on distinct morphological features and gene-based intra- and interspecific divergence analyses, the pest group was identified as two species, Sphecodoptera sheni and Paranthrenella pinoakula sp. n. To track their movement in Korea, haplotype analyses revealed that S. sheni is likely to have spread to five other neighboring areas, mainly in the Wonju and Goyang populations, while P. pinoakula sp. n. could only be identified in Wonju. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree confirmed that P. pinoakula sp. n. is closely divergent from congeneric species and distantly related to S. spheni. Accurate species identification of pests is paramount to pest management strategies, and tracking migration routes is essential research for ongoing surveillance and pre-emptive action in high-infestation areas. Abstract The populations of clearwing moth borers in Korea have recently caused extensive and severe damage to pin oaks (Quercus palustris Munchh.). We conducted field monitoring and molecular analyses to identify them in an integrated manner. Morphological examination and molecular analyses of the COI gene, based on intra- and interspecific genetic divergences (GDs), revealed that the borers were identified as two invasive species, Sphecodoptera sheni and Paranthrenella pinoakula sp. nov. The maximum intraspecific GD was found to be 1.9%, whereas the minimum interspecific GD was confirmed as 8.1%, indicating a distinct barcoding gap. Both the MJ network and NJ tree also showed that 18 haplotypes (Hs) were detected from the 52 COI sequences. The borers revealed a total of 17 Hs: (i) H1–H7 were detected in all seven regions with S. sheni; (ii) Wonju and Goyang populations of S. sheni revealed more than three Hs; (iii) H7 was closely connected with H8 of the Chinese population of S. sheni; (iv) H9–H10 were detected in other samples from the Wonju population with P. pinoakula sp. n. and were closely located with congeneric species. A maximum likelihood tree also revealed that P. pinoacula sp. n. nested within the congeneric species, genetically separating from S. sheni.
Weather condition analysis during wildfires on the Pelješac Peninsula in July 2015

U ovom radu analizirana je vremenska situacija za vrijeme dvaju šumskih požara na poluotoku Pelješcu. Požari su namjerno izazvani u noći s 20. na 21. srpanj 2015. Cilj je rada proučiti vremensku situaciju koja je, uz ljudski čimbenik, dovela do početka požara. Analizirani meteorološki podaci s najbliže glavne meteorološke postaje Ploče pokazali su da je srpanj 2015. bio najtopliji mjesec u razdoblju 1981. –2014. U srpnju je bilo 30 vrućih dana što je dvostruko više od prosjeka. Izostanak oborina i ekstremno topao srpanj pridonijeli su dolasku najgoreg mogućeg požara požara krošnji. Produkti modela ALADIN za vrijeme šumskog požara su pokazali malo sniženi tlak zraka nad južnim Jadranom, a topao zrak se protezao sve do 1 km u vis. Vrijeme je bilo pretežno vedro, na sam dan izbijanja požara izmjerena je u Kuni i apsolutna vrijednost temperature 38.8 °C, a i idućih se dana maksimalna temperatura nije spuštala ispod 30°C na Pelješcu. Relativna vlažnost zraka tijekom dana najčešće je iznosila oko 40%. U noći kada su požari podmetnuti vjetar je bio slab. Indeks meteorološke opasnosti od šumskog požara FWI tijekom svih dana požara bio je vrlo velik, ali to je i očekivano za vrijeme sezone požara. Dugotrajno suho i vrlo vruće vrijeme koje je prethodilo šumskim požarima te vrlo strmi teren poluotoka Pelješca su pogodovali vrlo brzom širenju požara, otežavali gašenje požara što je ugrozilo ljudske živote i stambene objekte.
Assessment of levels of organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites in the hair of a Greek rural human population

We present the assessment of chronic exposure of the rural population of Helia Peloponnesus, Greece to banned organochlorine pesticides, hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT), using hair analysis. A total of 222 head hair samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of those organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites or isomers. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to measure the levels of the pollutants. The median concentrations of α-HCH, hexachlorobenzene, lindane, ortho para 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (opDDE), para para 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (ppDDE), ortho para 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (opDDD), para para 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (ppDDD) + ortho para 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane, and para para 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane were determined at 40.4, 19.7, 124.2, 6.2, 7.8, 73.1, 8.0, and 5.7 pg/mg. The median concentration of total HCHs and DDTs were 117.8 pg/mg and 9.4 pg/mg, respectively. The levels of total HCHs were much higher than the levels of DDTs in the hair samples of the studied population. This may be attributed to the presence of lindane, a pesticide officially banned in 2002. It is interesting to see that DDTs are still traced in samples despite their use being banned for more than three decades. There was no difference in the levels of the detected pesticides in hair sampled from men or women. The concentration of HCHs remains high and relatively stable across the age groups, suggesting constant exposure until very recently. The concentration of the total DDTs and the parent compound, pp-DDT presents a statistically significant decreasing trend across the age groups.
Negative Refraction Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications

Contributors. Preface. 1. Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Metamaterials (A. Iyer & G. Eleftheriades). 2. Passive Microwave Devices and Antennas Using Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Metamaterials (G. Eleftheriades). 3. Super Resolving Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Lenses (A. Grbic & G. Eleftheriades). 4. Gaussian Beam Interactions with DNG Metamaterials (R. Ziolkowski). 5. Negative Index Lenses (D. Schurig & D. Smith). 6. Planar Anisotropic Resonance-Cone Metamaterials (K. balmain & A. Luttgen). 7. Negative Refraction and Subwavelength Imaging in Photonic Crystals (C. Luo & J. Joannopoulos). 8. Plasmonic Nanowire Metamaterials (A. Sarychev & V. Shalaev). 9. An Overview of Salient Properties of Planar Guided-Wave Structures with Double-Negative (DNG) and Single-Negative (SNG) Layers (A Alu and N. Engheta). 10. Dispersion Engineering: The Use of Abnormal Velocities and Negative Index of Refraction to Control the Dispersive Effects (M. Mojahedi & G. Eleftheriades). Index.
Mechanical properties of the red cell membrane in relation to molecular structure and genetic defects.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 788 UNIVERSAL MATERIAL DESIGN FOR EUKARYOTIC CELL INTERFACES . 788 BIOCHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE RED CELL MEMBRANE . 789 INSIGHTS GAINED FROM STUDIES OF RED CELL MEMBRANE PATHOLOGIES . 793 Effect of Lateral Skeletal Protein Linkages on Membrane Cohesion . 794 Effect of Bilayer-Skeletal Protein Network Linkages on Membrane Cohesion . 795 Effect of Bilayer-Skeletal Protein Network Linkages on Membrane Deformation . 796 Effect of Network Expanders on Membrane Deformation . 797
Risk indicators for depressed mood in urban youth : the role of socioeconomic and cultural status

II TABLE OF CONTENTS. IV LIST OF TABLES . VI LIST OF FIGURES . VII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background and Context.1 1.2 Layout of Thesis.4 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND LITERATURE.6 2.1 Sociological Theories Linking Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health.6 2.1.1 Macro Social Theory . 7 2.1.2 Micro Social Theory . 8 2.2 Relationship between Aboriginal Cultural Status, Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health.12 2.2.1 The Socioeconomic Status of Aboriginal People in Saskatchewan.12 2.2.2 The Quantitative Literature on the Mental Health of Aboriginal Canadians . 13 2.3 The Association between Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health in Adults . 21 2.4 Depression in YouthDefinitions and Prevalence . 28 2.4. 1 What is Adolescent Depression? 28 2.4. 2 Prevalence of Depression in Canada.30 2.4. 3 Co-morbidity between Depression and Anxiety.31 2.5 Measurement of Mental Health.32 2.6 Measurement of Socioeconomic Status.34 2.7 Definitions: Race, Ethnicity and Culture.36 CHAPTER 3: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF DEPRESSED MOOD AND ANXIETY BY SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN YOUTH AGED 10-15 YEARS OLD . 37 3.
Genetic dissection of drug resistance in trypanosomes

SUMMARY The trypanosomes cause two neglected tropical diseases, Chagas disease in the Americas and African trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. Over recent years a raft of molecular tools have been developed enabling the genetic dissection of many aspects of trypanosome biology, including the mechanisms underlying resistance to some of the current clinical and veterinary drugs. This has led to the identification and characterization of key resistance determinants, including transporters for the anti-Trypanosoma brucei drugs, melarsoprol, pentamidine and eflornithine, and the activator of nifurtimox-benznidazole, the anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs. More recently, advances in sequencing technology, combined with the development of RNA interference libraries in the clinically relevant bloodstream form of T. brucei have led to an exponential increase in the number of proteins known to interact either directly or indirectly with the anti-trypanosomal drugs. In this review, we discuss these findings and the technological developments that are set to further revolutionise our understanding of drug-trypanosome interactions. The new knowledge gained should inform the development of novel interventions against the devastating diseases caused by these parasites.
Elevated cortical zinc in Alzheimer disease

Objective: To determine whether changes in brain biometals in Alzheimer disease (AD) and in normal brain tissue are tandemly associated with amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) burden and dementia severity. Methods: The authors measured zinc, copper, iron, manganese, and aluminum and Aβ levels in postmortem neocortical tissue from patients with AD (n = 10), normal age-matched control subjects (n = 14), patients with schizophrenia (n = 26), and patients with schizophrenia with amyloid (n = 8). Severity of cognitive impairment was assessed with the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Results: There was a significant, more than twofold, increase of tissue zinc in the AD-affected cortex compared with the other groups. Zinc levels increased with tissue amyloid levels. Zinc levels were significantly elevated in the most severely demented cases (CDR 4 to 5) and in cases that had an amyloid burden greater than 8 plaques/mm2. Levels of other metals did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Brain zinc accumulation is a prominent feature of advanced Alzheimer disease (AD) and is biochemically linked to brain amyloid β-peptide accumulation and dementia severity in AD.
The Australian Fair Pay Commission and work and family balance

The minimum wage is an important support for families with care responsibilities. The debate over minimum wages has centred upon its appropriateness in the context of unemployment (Card and Krueger 1995) and whether directed tax/welfare arrangements are more appropriate for supporting low income workers and families (OECD 1998). In this article four broad questions regarding minimum wage determination in Australia are assessed: a. Why are minimum wages important in terms of supporting work family balance? b. Why has Australia recently moved towards a different institutional process for minimum wage determination through the establishment of the Australian Fair Pay Commission? c. Why does Australia, like other Anglo Saxon economies with a neo liberal policy regime, retain a minimum wage program? d. Should the new minimum wage determination criteria be revisited in terms of its relationship with work family balance? The article argues that the new institutional developments in Australia with respect to minimum wage determinations are largely associated with institutional transformation; that minimum wages are retained to support a neo-liberal agenda; that the role of minimum wages in supporting work and family balance remains relevant; and the wage determination criteria require re-examination in the light of a considerable supply side transformation in the labour market.
The Effects of Unequal Crossing over at the Bar Locus in Drosophila.

PAGE INTRODUCTION . 117 Historical. 117 Mutations and crossing over. 121 Frequency of bar mutation. 131 The crossover values for forked, bar and fused. 132 Facet number. 133 Are mutations in general due to unequal crossing over? 140 "Presence and absence" and quantitative view of mutation. 143 Are deficiencies due to unequal crossing over? 143 Unequal crossing over and the exact nature of synapsis. 145 SWYARY 145 LITERATURE CITED. 146
Role of reversible oxidation-reduction of enzyme thiols-disulfides in metabolic regulation.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY . 306 REGULATION BY THIOL : DISULFIDE EXCHANGE-AN OVERVIEW . 307 IN VIVO STUDIES . 308 ENZYMES MODIFIED BY THIOL: DISULFIDE EXCHANGE. 3 1 0 Glycogen Phosphorylase Phosphatase and Glycogen Synthase . 3 1 0 Phosphofructokinase and Fructose 1 , 6·Bisphosphatase . 3 1 1 Hexokinasi' and Glucose·6·Phosphatase . 3 1 2 Pyruvate Kinase . , . , 313 Glucose·6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase . , . 3 1 4 3-Hydroxy·3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase . , . 3 1 4 Acetyl-Coenzyme A Hydrolase and Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase . 3 1 5 Protein Killilses . , . , . 316 Guanylate Cyclase . " . , . , . ", . , . , . 316 Leucocyte Collagenase . 3 1 7 CONCENTRATION O F TISSUE DISULFIDES . 317 GSSG . 318 Protein-Mixed Disulfides . 319 ENZYMATIC DISULFIDE REDUCTION AND THIOL OXIDATION . 320 Disulfide R eduction . 320 Thiol Oxid(Uion . " . 322 CONCLUDING REMARKS . '324
Determinants of first- and second-generation antipsychotic drug use in clinically unstable patients with schizophrenia treated in four European countries

The present study investigated the use of antipsychotics in a sample of clinically unstable patients with schizophrenia who were recruited in four European sites. The study aimed: (i) to test whether the length of previous antipsychotic exposure was associated with the choice of antipsychotic medication; (ii) to test whether the severity of illness was associated with the use of second-generation antipsychotic agents (SGAs) or with the concomitant use of both first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) and SGAs; and (iii) to investigate differences between study sites. Participants were recruited from patients under the care of psychiatric services serving geographical catchment areas in Croydon (UK), Verona (Italy), Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Leipzig (Germany). Clinically unstable patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia and a research diagnosis of schizophrenia, established using the Item Group Checklist of the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, were enrolled. Sociodemographic and clinical data, including current antipsychotic drug therapy, psychopathology, adherence, insight, side-effects, attitudes towards medication and quality of life, were gathered. Three hundred and ninety patients were analysed in total. Almost 60% received SGAs, less than one-third FGAs, and less than 15% received both drug classes. Those receiving SGAs were younger and with a shorter length of antipsychotic drug therapy, whereas those receiving both drug classes were more often separated or widowed, unemployed and with a long history of antipsychotic drug therapy. The distribution of patients receiving FGAs, SGAs and both drug classes by illness-related variables showed that patients receiving both drug classes were more severely ill and complained of more side-effects. Using patients receiving FGAs as the reference category, multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that the length of antipsychotic treatment was negatively correlated with receiving SGAs, and that the severity of illness and being separated/widowed were positively correlated with receiving both drug classes. Compared with patients in Leipzig, patients in Amsterdam, Croydon and Verona were less frequently treated with SGAs and with combinations of both drug classes. Consistent with current clinical uncertainty with respect to what pharmacological treatment should be provided, patients with a long history of antipsychotic exposure were receiving FGAs, SGAs and combinations of both drug classes. Physicians tended to reserve polypharmacy for difficult-to-treat patients (i.e. for managing situations where, despite the lack of an evidence base, there is a pressing need to provide clinical answers).
The feeding ecology of Aneides flavipunctatus and sympatric plethodontid salamanders in Northwestern California

Seasonal and ontogenetic variation in the diets of Aneides flavipunctatus and three sympatric plethodontids (A. lugubris, Batrachoseps attenatus, and Ensatina eschscholtzii) were studied at three localities in northwestern California. A wide variety of prey was eaten by the four species, but 75-95% of the total food volume at any one season and location was contributed by Diplopoda, Coleoptera, Isoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Collembola. In A. flavipunctatus, total food vol- ume per stomach increased with standard length to about 50 mm, then leveled off. The mean number of prey per salamander stomach declined with increasing body size and with the progres- sion of the winter rainy season, but there was no seasonal change in total food volume. Sympatric plethodontid species exhibited considerable dietary overlap, but differed in their mean and maxi- mum prey size. Analysis of stomach contents suggests that these species do not feed indiscrimi- nately: larger salamanders appear to select larger prey, and to ignore most small prey. Interspecific, ontogenetic, and seasonal differences in feeding are discussed in the light of predictions derived from an existing theoretical model of optimal foraging by a "Sit-and-Wait" predator.
Evaluation of expiratory volume, diffusion capacity, and exercise tolerance following major lung resection: a prospective follow-up analysis.

BACKGROUND Lung resections determine a variable functional reduction depending on the extent of the resection and the time elapsed from the operation. The objectives of this study were to prospectively investigate the postoperative changes in FEV(1), carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity (Dlco), and exercise tolerance after major lung resection at repeated evaluation times. METHODS FEV(1), Dlco, and peak oxygen consumption (Vo(2)peak) calculated using the stair climbing test were measured in 200 patients preoperatively, at discharge, and 1 month and 3 months after lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Preoperative and repeated postoperative measures were compared, and a time-series, cross-sectional regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with postoperative Vo(2)peak. RESULTS One month after lobectomy, FEV(1), Dlco, and Vo(2)peak values were 79.5%, 81.5%, and 96% of preoperative values and recovered up to 84%, 88.5%, and 97% after 3 months, respectively. One month after pneumonectomy, FEV(1) percentage of predicted, Dlco percentage of predicted, and Vo(2)peak values were 65%, 75%, and 87% of preoperative values, and were 66%, 80%, and 89% after 3 months, respectively. Three months after lobectomy, 27% of patients with COPD had improved FEV(1), 34% had improved Dlco, and 43% had improved Vo(2)peak compared to preoperative values. The time-series, cross-sectional regression analysis showed that postoperative Vo(2)peak values were directly associated with preoperative values of Vo(2)peak, and postoperative values of FEV(1) and Dlco, and were inversely associated with age and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may be used during preoperative counseling and for deciding eligibility for operation along with other more traditional measures of outcome.
Fatigue Behavior of Semi-Solid Cast Aluminum: A Critical Review

Aluminum alloys are increasingly used in automotive and aeronautic applications to produce high performance, lightweight parts. Among the reasons for this, is the emergence of high integrity processes (HIP), which widens the field of application for cast aluminum alloys. In fact, metallurgical quality and consistency that characterize components produced by HIP are necessary for critical safety components. In addition to attaining maximum strength, critical safety components need to be ductile and resistant to cyclic loading. According to the North American Die Casting Association, rheocasting is a high integrity process capable of producing parts with fewer defects than conventional casting process. Rheocast components are known to have better mechanical properties than permanent mold castings. Moreover, they can be heat-treated which is impractical in the case of classical die cast components. However, the fatigue behavior of rheocast aluminum alloys has been investigated since about 2000 and few results have been published on this subject. This paper reviews the studies of fatigue behavior of aluminum semi-solid cast components. Published experimental results on high cycle fatigue resistance (S-N diagrams), long crack propagation, crack closure effects and short crack particularities are presented.
Viruses and apoptosis.

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Fri, 07 Dec 2018 08:50:52 Journal of General Virology (1998), 79, 1833–1845. Printed in Great Britain .
Understanding and Specifying Social Access Control Lists

Online social network (OSN) users upload millions of pieces of content to share with others every day. While a significant portion of this content is benign (and is typically shared with all friends or all OSN users), there are certain pieces of content that are highly privacy sensitive. Sharing such sensitive content raises significant privacy concerns for users, and it becomes important for the user to protect this content from being exposed to the wrong audience. Today, most OSN services provide fine-grained mechanisms for specifying social access control lists (social ACLs, or SACLs), allowing users to restrict their sensitive content to a select subset of their friends. However, it remains unclear how these SACL mechanisms are used today. To design better privacy management tools for users, we need to first understand the usage and complexity of SACLs specified by users. In this paper, we present the first large-scale study of finegrained privacy preferences of over 1,000 users on Facebook, providing us with the first ground-truth information on how users specify SACLs on a social networking service. Overall, we find that a surprisingly large fraction (17.6%) of content is shared with SACLs. However, we also find that the SACL membership shows little correlation with either profile information or social network links; as a result, it is difficult to predict the subset of a user’s friends likely to appear in a SACL. On the flip side, we find that SACLs are often reused, suggesting that simply making recent SACLs available to users is likely to significantly reduce the burden of privacy management on users.