Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear evolution of runaway-electron distribution and time-dependent synchrotron emission from tokamaks

Stability of the runaway electrons in tokamaks is analyzed. The distinction between high-density and low-density operation of tokamak discharges is interpreted in terms of the stability condition obtained. In the unstable case, the temporal evolution of the distribution function of the runaway electrons is obtained by solving the quasilinear equation. Time-dependent synchrotron emission from the runaway electrons is calculated. (AIP)
Transfer function and parameters identification of a motor drive system using adaptive filtering

A technique is developed for the identification of mechanical parameters in two-mass-model drive systems, The transfer function of the system model is calculated directly from the input-output signals. This technique involves repeated integration of the data and uses the recursive least squares method. It is shown that when the system is subject to random noises and disturbances, the ordinary least squares method is asymptotically biased, and so an iterative scheme is proposed to remove this bias and to improve the estimation efficiency. Simulation analysis is made using the data of an actual rolling mill plant. The accuracy of the estimated mechanical parameters and the effect of measurement and disturbance noise are analyzed. The developed algorithm exhibits outstanding numerical characteristics and has proven to be very effective for the mechanical parameters identification.
NONLINEAR FLUTTER OF LAMINATED PLATES WITH IN-PLANE FORCE AND TRANSVERSE SHEAR EFFECTS*

Based on a simplified higher-order shear deformation plate theory (SDPT) and von Karman large deformation assumption, a high-precision higher-order triangular-plate element that can be used to deal with transverse shear effects is developed for the nonlinear flutter analysis of composite laminates. The element presents no shear-locking problem due to the assumption that the total transverse displacement of the plate is expressed as the sum of the displacement due to bending and that due to shear deformation. Quasi-steady aerodynamic theory is employed for the flutter analysis. Newmark numerical time integration method is applied to solve the nonlinear governing equation in time domain. Results show that the in-plane force on the plate will increase the maximum plate displacement but will not influence the maximum plate motion speed. However, the aerodynamic pressure will increase both the maximum displacement and velocity of the plate. The transverse shear will have profound influence on the flutter boundary for a thick plate and under certain conditions it will change the plate motion from buckled but dynamically stable to a limit-cycle oscillation.
Application of dissipative particle dynamics to natural convection in differentially heated enclosures

Dissipative particle dynamics with energy conservation (eDPD) was applied to study natural convection in differentially heated enclosures. The eDPD simulations were compared to finite volume (FV) solutions. It was found that the eDPD method appropriately predicts the temperature and flow fields inside the enclosure. The eDPD model was able to recover the basic features of natural convection in differentially heated enclosures, such as prediction of thermal boundary layers, prediction of the size and shape of the natural convection circulation cell (as a function of Rayleigh number) and breaking up of this circulation cell at higher Rayleigh numbers. The results were presented via temperature isotherms, streamlines, velocity contours, velocity vector plots, and temperature and velocity profiles throughout the enclosure. Complete details of eDPD implantations were presented. Further useful engineering quantities, such as Nusselt number, were calculated from the eDPD results and were found to be in good agreement with the volume FV calculations.
Dynamics of Exotic Nuclear Rod Formation for the Origin of Neutron Star Glitches

The inner crust of a neutron star comprises lattices of neutron-rich nuclei and a neutron superfluid, in which many quantized vortex lines exist. The vortex lines are pinned by nuclei but can jump from one pinning site to another. In previous papers by Mochizuki & Izuyama and Mochizuki, Oyamatsu, & Izuyama, it was pointed out that such vortex lines may induce nuclear matter rods along the vortex cores. Such an exotic nuclear rod along a vortex line is formed by captures of nuclei from outside the vortex core and by subsequent fusion reactions of the captured nuclei with the nuclei inside the core. The nuclear rod was shown to have a lower energy than the original nuclear lattice. As the next step, dynamics for the rod formation is required. Namely, to conclude that the nuclear rods are actually formed in the neutron star, we need to confirm that the formation time of the nuclear rod is shorter than the time of the vortex sojourn at a pinning site. It is the purpose of this paper to confirm this. We find that under conditions appropriate to the Vela pulsar, the rod formation time is indeed much shorter than the vortex sojourn time in the frontier region (the region where a vortex line is tangential to the central core of the star). Rod formation is attained by pycnonuclear reactions rather than by thermonuclear ones. The resulting exotic nuclear rod formation in the frontier region can lead to a pulsar glitch, as proposed by Mochizuki & Izuyama. A brief summary of our microscopic glitch model is also presented.
Nonlinear adaptive and sliding mode flight path control of F/A-18 model

The question of inertial trajectory control of aircraft in the three-dimensional space is discussed. It is assumed that the nonlinear aircraft model has uncertain aerodynamic derivatives. The control system is decomposed into a variable structure outer loop and an adaptive inner loop. The outer-loop feedback control system accomplishes (x,y,z) position trajectory and sideslip angle control using the derivative of thrust and three angular velocity components (p,q,r) as virtual control inputs. Then an adaptive inner feedback loop is designed, which produces the desired angular rotations of aircraft using aileron, elevator, and rudder control surfaces to complete the maneuver. Simplification in the inner-loop design is obtained based on a two-time scale (singular perturbation) design approach by ignoring the derivative of the virtual angular velocity vector, which is a function of slow variables. These results are applied to a simplified F/A-18 model. Simulation results are presented which show that in the closed-loop system asymptotic trajectory control is accomplished in spite of uncertainties in the model at different flight conditions.
Influence of electron-phonon interaction on the optical properties of III nitride semiconductors

The electronic band structures of III nitride semiconductors calculated within the adiabatic approximation give essential information about the optical properties of materials. However, atoms of the lattice are not at rest; their displacement away from the equilibrium positions perturbs the periodic potential acting on the electrons in the crystal, leading to an electron-phonon interaction energy. Due to different ways that the lattice vibration perturbs the motions of electrons, there are various types of interaction, such as Frohlich interaction with longitudinal optical phonons, deformation-potential interactions with optical and acoustic phonons and piezoelectric interaction with acoustic phonons. These interactions, especially the Frohlich interaction, which is very strong due to the ionic nature of III nitrides, have a great influence on the optical properties of the III nitride semiconductors. As a result of electron-phonon interaction, several phenomena, such as phonon replicas in the emission spectra, homogeneous broadening of the excitonic line width and the relaxation of hot carriers to the fundamental band edge, which have been observed in GaN and its low dimensional heterostructures, are reviewed.
The Combined Use of a Nonlinear Chernoff Formula with a Regularization Procedure for Two-Phase Stefan Problems

The approximation of two-phase Stefan problems in 2-D by a nonlinear Chernoff formula combined with a regularization procedure is analyzed. The first technique allows the associated strongly nonlinear parabolic P.D. E. to be approximated by a sequence of linear elliptic problems. In addition, non-degeneracy properties can be properly exploited through the use of a smoothing process. A fully discrete scheme involving piecewise linear and constant finite elements is proposed. Energy error estimates are proven for both physical variables, namely enthalpy and temperature. These rates of convergence improve previous results.
Inherent Observer Property in a Class of Anti-Windup Compensators

Owing to the types of non-linearities involved, the analysis and the comparison of different anti-windup compensators that are available in the literature become difficult. Towards achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms of these anti-windup compensators, we here expose the observer property inherent in a class of anti-windup compensators. This observer property allows us to unify these anti-windup compensators as special cases of the generalized anti-windup compensator due to Astrom and Wittenmark (1984), and provides a general framework to investigate their performance.
Hyperoxidized Species of Heme Have a Potent Capacity to Induce Autoreactivity of Human IgG Antibodies

The interaction of some human antibodies with heme results in posttranslational acquisition of binding to various self- and pathogen-derived antigens. The previous studies on this phenomenon were performed with oxidized heme (Fe3+). In the present study, we elucidated the effect of other pathologically relevant species of heme, i.e., species that were formed after contact of heme with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, situations in which heme’s iron could acquire higher oxidation states. Our data reveal that hyperoxidized species of heme have a superior capacity to heme (Fe3+) in triggering the autoreactivity of human IgG. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that oxidation status of iron was of critical importance for the heme’s effect on antibodies. We also demonstrated that hyperoxidized heme species interacted at higher affinities with IgG and that this binding occurred through a different mechanism as compared to heme (Fe3+). Regardless of their profound functional impact on the antigen-binding properties of antibodies, hyperoxidized species of heme did not affect Fc-mediated functions of IgG, such as binding to the neonatal Fc receptor. The obtained data contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of hemolytic diseases and of the origin of elevated antibody autoreactivity in patients with some hemolytic disorders.
An improved deconvolution beamforming algorithm for acoustic imaging of low signal-to-noise ratio sound sources in reverberant field

Most of the existing acoustic imaging studies in reverberant field ignore the influence of signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, commonly used beamforming algorithms in reverberant backgrounds have poor imaging accuracy for low signal-to-noise ratio sound sources. In response to that problem, an improved adaptive beamforming algorithm called SC-DAMAS is put forward in this paper. The algorithm replaces the free-field Green's function with the impulse response function, making the algorithm more suitable for acoustic imaging of low signal-to-noise ratio in a reverberant environment. Besides, the comparative simulation results with the conventional beamforming method and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm-based DAMAS, as well as sound source acoustic imaging experiments are carried out to analyze its effectiveness. It is indicated that, in the reverberation field, the SC-DAMAS has no obvious sidelobes and achieves higher positioning accuracy for acoustic imaging of low signal-to-noise ratio sound source than the abovementioned counterparts, and its imaging test result is consistent with the actual situation, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm.
The Impact of Digital Transformation on Manufacturing-Enterprise Innovation: Empirical Evidence from China

The industrial sector is now undergoing digital revolution and upgrade, and it is of strategic significance to study how enterprise digitalization affects enterprise innovation. This paper develops a theoretical model of how digital transformation affects innovation in manufacturing enterprises, based on the resource-based view, network-embeddedness theory, and resource-complementarity theory. It then tests the mechanism and boundary conditions of the model, using data from a World Bank survey of Chinese enterprises. The study reveals how the degree of e-commerce embeddedness might partially mediate the effect of digital transformation on the innovation of manufacturing companies. Managerial human capital positively moderates the effect of digital transformation on manufacturing enterprises’ independent-R&D investment and product-innovation output. Employee human capital significantly and positively moderates the effect of digital transformation on manufacturing enterprises’ product-innovation output, while negatively moderating the effect of digital transformation on manufacturing enterprises’ cooperative-R&D investment. The conclusions can expand the relevant theoretical research on digital transformation and enterprise innovation, and also provide practical enlightenment for the digital transformation and upgrading of manufacturing enterprises.
Multi-Head Self-Attention Gated-Dilated Convolutional Neural Network for Word Sense Disambiguation

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is to determine correct sense of ambiguous word based on its context. WSD is widely used in text classification, machine translation and information retrieval and so on. WSD accuracy is low because disambiguation features can not cover more language phenomenon and the discriminative ability of WSD model is not high. In order to improve accuracy of simplified Chinese WSD, a WSD model based on multi-head self-attention and gated-dilated convolutional neural network(AGDCNN) is proposed. Ambiguous word is viewed as the center and 4 adjacent lexical units are extracted successively toward the left and right side. Words, parts of speech, and semantic categories in 4 adjacent lexical units are vectorized and the vectorized results are input into gated-dilated convolutional neural network to get discriminative features. Then, multi-head self-attention is adopted to learn the difference and connection among discriminative features fully. Finally, classification weights are output from adaptive average pooling layer. Experiments are conducted on SemEval-2007: Task#5 and SemEval-2021: Task#2. Experimental results show that AGDCNN model has higher accuracy compared with other methods. Our goal is to improve the quality of simplified Chinese WSD as much as possible based on current linguistic resources and machine learning methods. The challenge we face is to extract effective discriminative features and design disambiguation model in high quality. Our novelty lies in that gated-dilated convolution is combined with multi-head self-attention to extract effective discriminative features, and learn their difference and connection from word form, parts of speech, and semantic categories.
Rapid LC-MS/MS Bosutinib Quantification with Applications in Metabolic Stability Estimation

Bosutinib (BOS) is FDA approved drug for the treatment of chronic phase (CP) Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). We report a fast, sensitive, and simple LC-MS/MS method, validated for the determination of BOS in human liver microsomes, utilizing tofacitinib (TOF) as the internal standard. The separation of BOS and TOF was done using a 1.8 μm C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm) at room temperature using the isocratic elution system of acetonitrile–water (30:70, v/v) containing 0.1 M formic acid at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min, and a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (TQD-MS) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source that was operated in the positive ion mode. The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency, and the rapid and specific quantification of BOS in human liver microsomes was achieved in the range of 5–200 ng/mL, with a determination coefficient of 0.999. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision values were <4% in all cases. The procedure is rapid, specific, reliable, and can be applied in metabolic stability evaluations since it is the first LC-MS/MS method specific to BOS quantification. The metabolic stability assessment of BOS showed high CLint (34.3 µL/min/mg) and short in vitro t1/2 values of 20.21 min, indicating that BOS may be rapidly eliminated from the blood by the liver.
Onset of coherent electromagnetic structures in the REB–DT fuel interaction of fast ignition interest

This paper focuses on the combinations of swiftly growing electromagnetic instabilities arising from the interaction of relativistic electron beams (REBs) with precompressed deuterium+tritium (DT) fuels of fast ignition interest for ICF. The REB–target system is taken as neutral in charge and current with distribution functions including target and beam temperatures. We also stress the significant impact, on the modes' growth rates (GRs), of mode–mode-coupling and intrabeam scattering. Collisional damping is documented at large wavenumbers in terms of inverse skin depth. A quasi-linear approach yields lower GR than linear ones. One of the most conspicuous outputs of the linear analysis are 3D broken ridges featuring the largest GR above k-space for an oblique propagation w.r. t. initial particle beam direction. The given modes are seen immune to any temperature-induced damping. Those novel patterns are easily produced by considering simultaneously Weibel, filamentation and two-stream instabilities. This behavior persists in the presence of smooth density gradients or strong applied magnetic fields. Moreover, in the very early propagation stage with no current neutralization in the presence of large edge density gradients, REBs demonstrate a characteristic ring-like and regularly spiked pattern in agreement with recent experimental results and previous simulations.
Uniqueness and least energy property for solutions to strongly competing systems

For the reaction–diffusion system of three competing species: −∆ui = −κui X j 6=i uj , i = 1, 2, 3, we prove uniqueness of the limiting configuration as κ → ∞ on a planar domain Ω, with appropriate boundary conditions. Moreover we prove that the limiting configuration minimizes the energy associated to the system
Thermal and Bulk Properties of Triblock Terpolymers and Modified Derivatives towards Novel Polymer Brushes

We report the synthesis of three (3) linear triblock terpolymers, two (2) of the ABC type and one (1) of the BAC type, where A, B and C correspond to three chemically incompatible blocks such as polystyrene (PS), poly(butadiene) of exclusively (~100% vinyl-type) -1,2 microstructure (PB1,2) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) respectively. Living anionic polymerization enabled the synthesis of narrowly dispersed terpolymers with low average molecular weights and different composition ratios, as verified by multiple molecular characterization techniques. To evaluate their self-assembly behavior, transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments were conducted, indicating the effect of asymmetric compositions and interactions as well as inversed segment sequence on the adopted morphologies. Furthermore, post-polymerization chemical modification reactions such as hydroboration and oxidation were carried out on the extremely low molecular weight PB1,2 in all three terpolymer samples. To justify the successful incorporation of –OH groups in the polydiene segments and the preparation of polymeric brushes, various molecular, thermal, and surface analysis measurements were carried out. The synthesis and chemical modification reactions on such triblock terpolymers are performed for the first time to the best of our knowledge and constitute a promising route to design polymers for nanotechnology applications.
Insights into the Understanding of Adsorption Behaviors of Legacy and Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) on Various Anion-Exchange Resins

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have received extensive attention due to their various harmful effects. In this study, the adsorptive removal of 10 legacy and emerging PFASs by four anion-exchange resins (including gel and macroreticular resins) were systematically investigated. Our results showed that the capacities of resins absorbing PFASs were ranked in the following order: gel strong base HPR4700 (297~300 μg/g) ≈ macroreticular strong base S6368 (294~300 μg/g) ≈ macroreticular weak base A111S (289~300 μg/g) > gel weak base WA10 (233~297 μg/g). Adsorption kinetic results indicated that the adsorption process might involve chemical and Henry regime adsorption or reaction control. Intraparticle diffusion was probably the major removal step. Co-existing fulvic acid (0.5, 1, 5 mg/L) and inorganic anions (5 mg/L of sulfate, carbonate, bicarbonate) would hinder the PFAS removal by resins with WA10 showing the highest inhibition rate of 17% and 71%, respectively. The adsorption capacities of PFBA decreased from 233 μg/g to 194 μg/g, and from 233 μg/g to 67 μg/g in the presence of fulvic acid and inorganic anions, respectively. PFASs were more easily removed by HPR4700, S6368, and A111S under neutral and alkaline environment. Moreover, WA10 was not able to remove PFASs under an alkaline medium. This study offered theoretical support for removing PFASs from aqueous phases with various resins.
Modeling the Mass Distribution in the Spiral Galaxy NGC 3198

We study the HI Rotation Curve of the spiral galaxy NGC 3198 in terms of mass decomposition. We model the Rotation Curve in the framework of different models for the Dark Matter distribution: the Burkert profile and NFW profile. We show that Universal Rotation Curve (Burkert halo+stellar disk+gas disk) fits data accurately. Instead, the NFW (NFW halo+stellar disk+gas disk) model gives non-physical values of NFW halo parameters.
Measurement of radiation loss in curved single-mode fibres

Experimental and theoretical studies on the radiation loss from curved single-mode fibres show that it includes contributions due to transition loss at discontinuities between straight and curved sections of fibre, as well as the bend loss due to uniform curvature. These two contributions have been measured separately, and there is good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The transition loss at large bend radii can be considerably greater than the uniform bend loss. It is found that the transition loss incurred by a change of fibre curvature from R to -R is about 8 times bigger than that from R to infinity. The loss due to fibre undulation has also been measured and in this case the results can be completely explained using only the pure bending loss theory.