Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of proton backscattering spectra in GEANT4 toolkit

Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) is a widely used technique for the atomic-scale analysis of sample composition, lattice displacement and impurity profiling. RBS is based on the elastic scattering of incident charged particles by target nuclei and the subsequent detection of scattered particles. The interpretation of RBS spectra, however, poses challenges due to overlapping peaks, corresponding to scattering from different atomic species, and uncertainties from energy loss, scattering geometry and detector response. To address this, an open source simulation model based on the versatile GEANT4 simulation toolkit has been developed. The flexibility of the open source enables users to tailor the model to its specific requirements, such as the use of specific particle stopping powers, cross-sections, and physics processes. This work presents the results of the comparison between the experimental and simulated backscattering spectra in crystalline silicon, silicon carbide and silicon dioxide samples by 1–2.5 MeV energy protons, obtained in random orientation conditions. The results demonstrate the capability of the model to accurately simulate backscattering spectra in both amorphous materials and single crystals. The overall agreement between the simulated and experimental results is highly promising for future development and use in the interpretation and simulation of RBS spectra.
Effects of Salinity on the Egg Fertilization, Hatching, and Tadpole Growth and Survival Rates of the Thailand Frog (Rana tigerina Dubois, 1981)

We studied the effects of salinity on the egg fertilization, hatching, and tadpole growth and survival rates of the Thailand frog (Rana tigerina Dubois, 1981), an introduced species that is commonly cultured in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Salinity levels of 2, 6, and 4% significantly affected the fertilization and hatching rates of the eggs, as well as the tadpole survival rates from the newly hatched to yolk sac exhaustion stages, respectively p<0.05. Notably, during the stage from yolk sac exhaustion to juvenile tadpole, a salinity of 3% resulted in an increase in the final weight of the tadpoles throughout the stage and a significant increase in Phase 1 (the tadpole stage from yolk sac exhaustion to the onset of foreleg emergence) and Phase 2 (the tadpole stage from the onset of foreleg emergence to the onset of hind leg emergence); however, it did not show a significant effect on tadpole survival rates in Phases 1 and 2 of this stage p>0.05. A salinity level of up to 5% showed no significant effect on the growth performance but caused a significant reduction in the survival rates of the tadpoles during this stage. We recommend that the artificial reproduction process of Thai frogs should be performed using salinities of <2%, with salinities of ≤2 and 3% being suitable for rearing tadpoles from the newly hatched to yolk sac exhaustion stage and from the yolk sac exhaustion to juvenile stage, respectively.
Antimicrobial peptide and their role in sperm cryopreservation

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense peptides having antimicrobial properties that have been used as an additive in semen diluent of various mammalian species for enhancement of semen quality and prevention of bacterial load. The continuous use of antibiotics reduced the efficacy in checking of bacterial growth as well as semen quality. This review aims to provide an overview of the AMPs used as semen additives in different mammalian species as an alternative to antibiotics. We have discussed systematic development study on AMPs, their structure, classification, mechanism of action, application, future prospective, and challenges in this review. We have also reviewed our research on the use of different AMP as an additive for enhancement of post-thaw fertility of goat semen. Particular focus has been given on AMPs as a potential substitute strategy to deal with bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. Synthetic AMPs may be designed to increase antimicrobial activity against microbes, particularly those resistant to antibiotics. AMPs also aid in the protection of the host by modifying host cellular immunity and improving post-thaw sperm fertility. Due to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance, the development of AMPs has sparked attention as a future-oriented anti-infective and antimicrobial agent to improve cryo-survivability and sperm fertility.
Philosophical Perspective on Hyperreality as a Phenomenon of Fashion Language – do we Really Want to be Deceived?

This article focuses on hyperreality as a phenomenon used in fashion communication. The paper elaborates on the philosophical approach of Jean Baudrillard towards hyperreality, and Georg Simmel’s ideas about fashion’s role in society. The continuity of these authors’ ideas in later works highlights their cultural longevity. From a philosophical perspective, both fashion and hyperreality derive from dualism. Jean Baudrillard defines hyperreality as a condition in which what is real and what is simulated are seamlessly blended together. Hence, it becomes complicated to distinguish them. Fashion, according to Georg Simmel, is also firmly based upon dualism – one power pushes us to bind ourselves to others while another pushes us to distinction. In fashion communication, hyperreality is often used to create a sense of desire and excitement around the brands and products. The effect of passion and the edge of reality combine and evoke many philosophical approaches. We discuss hyperreality as a new reality dialectically – looking for the opposing ideas that would contribute to answering the main question – do we unconsciously want to be deluded? This paper reveals the link between hyperreality as a philosophical approach and fashion communication uncovering the delusion as a human desire.
Evidence for 3.3-billion-year-old oceanic crust in the Barberton greenstone belt, South Africa

Recognition of oceanic crust in Archean greenstone belts has remained a controversial and unresolved issue, with implications for understanding early Earth geodynamics. In the search for early Archean oceanic crust, we present a multi-pronged approach to test for the presence of an ophiolite-type sequence preserved in the Paleoarchean Barberton greenstone belt (BGB) of South Africa. New field observations are combined with detrital U-Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry on fresh drill-core material from the Kromberg type-section sequence of mafic-ultramafic rocks in the 3.56–3.33 Ga Onverwacht Group of the BGB. Trace element geochemistry indicates that the Kromberg metabasalts were derived from the primitive mantle. The e Nd values and Nd model ages of the metabasalts record a depleted Archean mantle source similar to CHUR (chondritic uniform reservoir) with no continental (tonalite-trondhjemitegranodiorite [TTG]) crustal contamination. U-Pb geochronology by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry on detrital zircons from an uppermost chert unit indicate a homogeneous age distribution and a gabbroic source in the greenstone belt, in direct contrast to zircons from felsic conglomerates structurally underlying the Kromberg sequence. Collectively, the new data and field observations indicate that the 3.33 Ga Kromberg mafic-ultramafic sequence formed in a juvenile oceanic setting and represents a remnant of tectonically accreted oceanic crust. The identification of oceanic crust preserved as dismembered allochthons in the BGB suggests that horizontal plate tectonic processes were operating on the Archean Earth as early as Mesoarchean times.
Predicting nonradiative decay barrier of BODIPY dye in polar environment by applying ONIOM multiscale method

Fluorescent molecular sensors are widely used in biological research. They allow straightforward viscosity, temperature or polarity measurements at the microscopic level, including live cells. Maps of desired physical properties can be obtained by applying fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to cells. One of the most important properties of a cell is viscosity, as it affects other parameters, such as the rate of biochemical reactions and particle diffusion. Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) compounds are widely used for viscosity measurements, but current variants have the undesirable sensitivity to polarity, and more suitable alternatives are being sought using theoretical computations. The polarizable continuum model (PCM) used in previous studies did not adequately take into account the influence of the polar environment when calculating the BODIPY activation energy associated with polarity sensitivity. After applying the multilayer ONIOM method in polar and non-polar environments, the calculated maximum wavelengths of the fluorescence spectra of the 8PhBODIPY compound were closer to the experimental results compared to PCM. The activation energy was also calculated, its value in polar and non-polar environments qualitatively corresponded to the experimental results, and the quantitative agreement was reached using the empirical correction.
Three‐Dimensional Model of the Lithospheric Structure Under the Eastern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Active Tectonics and Seismic Hazards

Details of lithospheric structures in three‐dimensions (3‐D) are key to understanding the dynamics of crustal deformation and earthquakes in active orogenic systems. In this study, we develop a 3‐D model of the eastern Tibetan Plateau using the Skua‐Gocad software based on the latest Rayleigh wave tomography. We perform a quantitative modeling workflow to map the details of the Moho discontinuities and the high‐velocity anomalies. Then, we integrate the topography, major active faults, large earthquakes, and crustal Poisson's ratios to analyze the relationship between the shallow and deep structures of this region. Our study shows that the Moho is generally coupled with the topography. A steep Moho ramp exists under the plateau margin and its surface projection intersects the Longmen Shan (LMS) at a low oblique angle (~22°). Active deformation and large earthquakes are related to the steep Moho ramp under the plateau margin. Moreover, based on a 3‐D model of the Poisson's ratio perturbations, we find that deformation across the central LMS is characterized as a crocodile‐type wedge in the crust and lithospheric mantle, due to the resistance of the Yangtze craton and isostatic rebound. We suggest that a tectonic wedging model that contains both the upper‐crust thrusting and lower‐crustal thickening contribute to the LMS orogeny. Three‐dimensional visualization of the lithospheric structure is well suited to reveal the different levels of deformation and their relationships. Quantitative modeling methods provide effective constraints on the active blocks in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Evaluating Water Use for Agricultural Intensification in Southern Amazonia Using the Water Footprint Sustainability Assessment

We performed a Water Footprint Sustainability Assessment (WFSA) in the Xingu Basin of Mato Grosso (XBMT), Brazil, with the objectives of (1) tracking blue (as surface water) and green water (as soil moisture regenerated by precipitation) consumption in recent years (2000, 2014); and (2) evaluating agricultural intensification options for future years (2030, 2050) considering the effects of deforestation and climate change on water availability in the basin. The agricultural sector was the largest consumer of water in the basin despite there being almost no irrigation of cropland or pastures. In addition to water use by crops and pasture grass, water consumption attributed to cattle production included evaporation from roughly 9463 ha of small farm reservoirs used to provide drinking water for cattle in 2014. The WFSA showed that while blue and green water consumptive uses were within sustainable limits in 2014, deforestation, cattle confinement, and the use of irrigation to increase cropping frequency could drive water use to unsustainable levels in the future. While land management policies and practices should strive for protection of the remaining natural vegetation, increased agricultural production will require reservoir and irrigation water management to reduce the potential threat of blue water scarcity in the dry season. In addition to providing general guidance for future water allocation decisions in the basin, our study offers an interpretation of blue and green water scarcities with changes in land use and climate in a rapidly evolving agricultural frontier.
Management of chronic pancreatitis: recent advances and future prospects

As a progressive fibroinflammatory disease, chronic pancreatitis (CP) often manifests as recurrent bouts of abdominal pain with or without complications, causing a heavy burden of health care. In recent years, some meaningful insights into the management of CP have been obtained from randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, which were of great importance. Based on this research, it is shown that there are various treatments for CP. Therefore, it is of great importance to choose a suitable strategy for patients with CP individually. Relevant evidence on the management of CP was summarized in this review, including nutrition supplements, medication, endoscopy, surgery, exploration of novel therapies as well as evaluation and prediction of treatment response.
Hydrological performance evolution of extensive green roof systems

Global urbanisation has resulted in a reduction of urban green spaces, replacing moisture permeable landscapes with impermeable surfaces that quickly convey rainfall to receiving drainage systems. Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) are a selection of devices that can be used to complement and/or replace existing urban drainage structures to meet future demands. SuDS can control rainfall at source, infiltrating it into the ground, thereby replicating the natural hydrological processes of a pre-developed urban site. Green roofs are one example of a source control SuDS device, capable of restoring green spaces to urban environments without requiring land space. As green roof systems age, there are several temporal processes than can lead to changes in their hydrological performance. Current knowledge of hydrological performance evolution is conflicting; this study presents a coupled non-invasive imaging and long-term monitoring study to provide the missing knowledge required to better inform the long-term maintenance, future development, and modelling of green roof systems. A 6-year long-term record of rainfall, runoff, climate and substrate moisture data for a field research site in Sheffield has been analysed to identify temporal trends in green roof hydrological performance. This monitoring study is coupled to two green roof microcosm studies which non-invasively characterise differently aged substrate properties and identify the impacts on long-term hydrological performance. Both methods of investigation identify that for conventional green roof system configurations, a crushed brick substrate with Sedum vegetation, there are small improvements to potential hydrological performance year-on-year. These performance improvements arise from a rearrangement of the substrates pore spaces, with smaller pore sizes in aged substrates. However, seasonal variations in substrate properties were identified to be more significant than year-on-year increases. Stormwater practitioners may be encouraged by no evidence of any decline in performance with time for conventional green roof configurations.
Revisiting the Basis of Sensitivity Analysis for Dynamical Earth System Models

This paper investigates the problem of global sensitivity analysis (GSA) of Dynamical Earth System Models and proposes a basis for how such analyses should be performed. We argue that (a) performance metric‐based approaches to parameter GSA are actually identifiability analyses, (b) the use of a performance metric to assess sensitivity unavoidably distorts the information provided by the model about relative parameter importance, and (c) it is a serious conceptual flaw to interpret the results of such an analysis as being consistent and accurate indications of the sensitivity of the model response to parameter perturbations. Further, because such approaches depend on availability of system state/output observational data, the analysis they provide is necessarily incomplete. Here we frame the GSA problem from first principles, using trajectories of the partial derivatives of model outputs with respect to controlling factors as the theoretical basis for sensitivity, and construct a global sensitivity matrix from which statistical indices of total period time‐aggregate parameter importance, and time series of time‐varying parameter importance, can be inferred. We demonstrate this framework using the HBV‐SASK conceptual hydrologic model applied to the Oldman basin in Canada and show that it disagrees with performance metric‐based methods regarding which parameters exert the strongest controls on model behavior. Further, it is highly efficient, requiring less than 1,000 base samples to obtain stable and robust parameter importance assessments for our 10‐parameter example.
Species diversity and catch per unit effort ( CPUE ) of Gobiidae in Salmanshahr , coastal area of the southern Caspian Sea

The gobies are non-commercial fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea for which population dynamics and stock status are poorly known. In this survey, we tried to define species diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Gobiidae by using beach seine nets in Salmanshahr, the southern Caspian Sea. From March 2011 to April 2012, 224 specimens representing 4 gobiid species, belonging to genus Ponticola and Neogobius, were caught. The deepwater Goby, Ponticola bathybius (Kessler, 1877), was the most abundant species with 92.8% frequency. The highest catch per unit effort of gobiid fishes was obtained in spring. The species diversity was highest in spring according to Shannon’s index.
Species diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Gobiidae in Salmanshahr, coastal area of the southern Caspian Sea

The gobies are non-commercial fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea for which population dynamics and stock status are poorly known. In this survey, we tried to define species diversity and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Gobiidae by using beach seine nets in Salmanshahr, the southern Caspian Sea. From March 2011 to April 2012, 224 specimens representing 4 gobiid species, belonging to genus Ponticola and Neogobius, were caught. The deepwater Goby, Ponticola bathybius (Kessler, 1877), was the most abundant species with 92.8% frequency. The highest catch per unit effort of gobiid fishes was obtained in spring. The species diversity was highest in spring according to Shannon’s index.
Newly recorded ferns from the flora of Myanmar in Natma Taung National Park

Although Myanmar is a biodiversity hotspot, little is known about its flora, particularly lycophytes and ferns, due to a lack of intensive inventories. In 2017, work on a total of 299 species of lycophytes and ferns found throughout the country, including 84 species from Natma Taung National Park in the Chin State, was published. However, a comparison of the flora of Myanmar with those of adjacent countries suggests that many more species are likely also to be distributed in this country. In the present study, two field surveys conducted in Natma Taung National Park during 2015 to make a checklist of lycophytes and ferns resulted in the discovery of three fern species not previously recorded in the flora of Myanmar. All occur in other countries in Southeast Asia as well as in other tropical areas. These species are Pteris bella (Pteridaceae), Dryopteris lepidopoda (Dryopteridaceae), and Loxogramme duclouxii (Polypodiaceae). The results will provide valuable information for the Myanmar fern checklist that is currently being prepared.
Análisis de fracturas geológicas en el pozo Agrícola Oriental 2C, Ciudad de México y su relación con fallas mayores

En años recientes, en la Ciudad de México se han realizado varios pozos exploratorios de hasta 2000 m de profundidad, con el fin de encontrar acuíferos que ayuden a disminuir el desabasto de agua potable para el área metropolitana. En particular, en el pozo Agrícola Oriental 2C, perforado en la Alcaldía de Iztacalco, se recuperaron varios núcleos, uno de los cuales mide 9 m, ubicado entre 1550 y 1559 m de profundidad, cercano al contacto entre rocas calcáreas del Cretácico y rocas volcánicas del Oligoceno, a ~1560 m de profundidad. El núcleo muestra que las rocas volcánicas se encuentran afectadas por una cantidad importante de fracturas, las cuales pueden ser divididas en dos familias con base en su relleno y relaciones de corte (F1 y F2). Las fracturas más jóvenes (F2) se relacionan con una falla, llamada informalmente en este trabajo falla Agrícola Oriental, que pone en contacto rocas sedimentarias y volcánicas. Las fracturas fueron caracterizadas mediante un análisis detallado de la cantidad, geometría y distribución a lo largo de una línea de muestreo, tomando en cuenta ambas familias de fracturas. Estas variables fueron expresadas en términos de intensidad de fracturas, dimensión fractal de caja y correlación, exponente de Lyapunov, coeficiente de variación y exponente de frecuencia acumulada. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el espaciamiento entre fracturas, así como la apertura, se ajustan muy bien a una ley de potencia en un gráfico bilogarítmico de su frecuencia acumulada, por lo que las fracturas exhiben un comportamiento fractal. El valor de la intensidad de fracturas, dimensión fractal, exponente de Lyapunov y exponente de frecuencia acumulada de la apertura, disminuyen progresivamente con el aumento de la distancia a la falla, mientras que el coeficiente de variación y exponente de frecuencia acumulada del espaciamiento presentan un patrón contrario. Estos comportamientos suelen ser típicos en una zona de cizalla común, sin embargo, un aspecto importante encontrado en este estudio es la alteración de estos patrones con la presencia de un grupo de fracturas preexistentes (F1) a la formación de un nuevo grupo de fracturas (F2), lo cual provoca un aumento en la cantidad de fracturas y una redistribución de estas estructuras dentro de la zona de falla. Adicionalmente, con base en las características de las fracturas estudiadas, se propone que la falla encontrada en este estudio pertenece al sector norte de la fosa de Santa Catarina y tiene una orientación ENE-WSW.
Manipulation of Supersonic Jet using Grooved Tabs

This study experimentally evaluated the mixing augmentation of twin tabs mounted along a diameter at the outlet of a convergent-divergent Mach 1.62 circular nozzle. The usefulness of the plain and grooved tabs is examined at various expansion levels prevailing at nozzle outlet. The tab's performance is assessed through pitot pressure distribution measured along and perpendicular to the jet centerline at different nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs). The shadowgraph technique visualized the shocks and expansion fans in uncontrolled and controlled jets. With the introduction of uncorrugated or plain tabs at the nozzle outlet operating under overexpanded conditions corresponding to NPR 4, the supersonic length (SL) was decreased only by 35.4%. On the other hand, the corrugated or grooved tabs under similar conditions decreased the SL substantially. Interestingly, the performance of grooved tabs was best at underexpanded conditions associated with NPR 6, where the SL was reduced by about 88%. The pressure profiles also established the superiority of tabs with grooved edges in mixing augmentation without introducing any significant asymmetry to the flow field. In addition, the Shadowgraph images also confirmed the weakening of shock strength and reduction of shock-cell length in the case of grooved tabs at the nozzle exit compared to the plain