Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dendritic spines on GABAergic neurons respond to cholinergic signaling in the Caenorhabditis elegans motor circuit

Dendritic spines are specialized postsynaptic structures that detect and integrate presynaptic signals. The shape and number of dendritic spines are regulated by neural activity and correlated with learning and memory. Most studies of spine function have focused on the mammalian nervous system. However, spine-like protrusions have been previously reported in invertebrates, suggesting that the experimental advantages of smaller model organisms could be exploited to study the biology of dendritic spines. Here, we document the presence of dendritic spines in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons. We used super-resolution microscopy, electron microscopy, live-cell imaging and genetic manipulation to show that GABAergic motor neurons display functional dendritic spines. Our analysis revealed salient features of dendritic spines: (1) A key role for the actin cytoskeleton in spine morphogenesis; (2) Postsynaptic receptor complexes at the tips of spines in close proximity to presynaptic active zones; (3) Localized postsynaptic calcium transients evoked by presynaptic activity; (4) The presence of endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes; (5) The regulation of spine density by presynaptic activity. These studies provide a solid foundation for a new experimental paradigm that exploits the power of C. elegans genetics and live-cell imaging for fundamental studies of dendritic spine morphogenesis and function. HIGHLIGHTS - Spines in C. elegans GABAergic motor neurons are enriched in actin cytoskeleton. - Spines are dynamic structures. - Spines display Ca++ transients coupled with presynaptic activation. - Spine density is regulated during development and is modulated by actin dynamics and cholinergic signaling.
Perancangan Sistem Suspensi untuk Simulasi Respon Dinamik ¼ Bodi Mobil

Gaya dan momen yang terjadi pada permukaan kontak ban dengan jalan berhubungan erat dengan tingkat kenyaman dan keamanan berkendaraan. Karakteristik dari gaya dan momen ini sangatlah dinamik karena dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Beberapa faktor utamanya adalah beban kenderaan, kecepatan, besarnya steering angle dan elastisitas ban. Posisi permukaan kontak ban dengan jalan yang selalu berpindah pada saat kenderaan berjalan menyebabkan sulit untuk bisa mengamati respon dinamik ban serta sulit untuk mengukur gaya dan momen yang terjadi. Penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada perancangan model kontruksi sistem suspensi yang bisa mensimulasikan gerak dinamis dari ¼ bodi mobil untuk posisi bagian kanan depan. Kontruksi yang dirancang pada dasarnya terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu kontuksi bagian samping dan kontruksi bagian bawah. Kontruksi bagian samping merupakan representasi dari kontruksi bodi mobil yang mana bagian ini bisa bergerak translasi dalam arah vertical untuk mensimulasikan perubahan posisi bodi mobil akibat perubahan berat, maneuver maupun akibat gangguan permukaan jalan. Kontruksi bagian bawah berfungsi sebagai penggerak untuk memutar ban. Kontruksi bagian bawah ini dirancang untuk bisa berputar dalam posisi statis. Komponen yang berputar pada kontruksi bagian bawah ini akan meneruskan putaran ke ban sehingga roda mobil akan ikut berputar dalam posisi statis juga. Untuk memastikan semua komponen yang digunakan aman, maka dilakukan perhitungan dimensi dan perhitungan keuatan material yang digunakan pada kontruksi ini. Disamping perhitungan manual, perhitungan kekuatan material dan simulasi juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan software CATIA. Bahan untuk rangka kontruksi dipilih baja profil ST-37 dengan young modulus 200 GPa, yield strenght 240 Mpa dan memiliki dimensi 50 x 50 x 5mm. Hasil simulasi dengan software CATIA terlihat bahwa besarnya tegangan maksimum yang bekerja pada rangka adalah 10.9 N/mm2. Nilai ini lebih kecil dari tegangan geser izin 37N/mm2, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa material ST 37 berbentuk siku dengan dimensi 50x50x5mm aman digunakan untuk kontruksi alat simulasi sistem suspensi ini
DOE: a dynamic object elimination scheme based on geometric and semantic constraints

In this paper, we propose a dynamic object elimination algorithm that combines semantic and geometric constraints to address the problem of visual SLAM being easily affected by dynamic feature points in dynamic environments. This issue leads to the degradation of localisation accuracy and robustness. Firstly, we employ a lightweight YOLO-Tiny network to enhance both detection accuracy and system speed. Secondly, we integrate the YOLO-Tiny network into the ORB-SLAM3 system to extract semantic information from the images and initiate the elimination of dynamic feature points. Subsequently, we augment this approach by incorporating geometric constraints between neighbouring frames to further eliminate dynamic feature points. Then, the former is supplemented by combining the geometric constraints between neighbouring frames to further eliminate dynamic feature points. Experiments on the TUM dataset demonstrate that the algorithm in this paper can improve the Relative Pose Error (RPE) by up to 95.12% and the Absolute Trajectory Error (ATE) by up to 99.01% in high dynamic sequences compared to ORB-SLAM3. The effectiveness of dynamic feature point elimination is evident, leading to significantly improved localisation accuracy.
Survey Teknik-Teknik Design User interface Menggunakan Systematic Literature Review

Teknik-Teknik Design User Interface merupakan proses dan teknik yang diperlukan untuk membuat desain antarmuka sebuah software. Agar proses desain antarmuka dapat diterapkan dengan baik, maka diperlukan Teknik Design User Interface yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam proses desain antarmuka sebuah software. Teknik tersebut berfungsi menggabungkan beberapa masukan untuk menghasilkan sebuah desain pada sebuah software. Terdapat beberapa teknik Design User Interface, diantaranya adalah model-driven method, web, dan multimodal user interface design. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan survey Teknik-Teknik Design User Interface dengan menggunakan metode SLR. Survey bertujuan untuk melakukan perbandingan dan klasifikasi terhadap Teknik Design User Interface. Hasil dari survey ini berupa Multimodal Display sebagai teknik multi input yang relevan. TapTap sebagai teknik desain user interface yang menunjang disabilitas. Metadata sebagai jembatan antarmuka antara aplikasi dengan basis data.
Chronological Changes in Sagittal Femoral Bowing after Primary Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative 3D CT Study

Little is known about dynamic changes of femoral anatomy after total hip arthroplasty (THA), in particular about sagittal femoral bowing (SFB). A 3D CT study was designed to evaluate the chronological changes of SFB after cementless femoral stem implantation for primary THA. Ten patients who underwent unilateral primary THA with a cementless femoral stem, with 2 consecutive CT scans (extending from the fourth lumbar vertebra to the tibial plateaus), performed before THA and at least 3 years after THA, were enrolled. The 3D models of femurs were created using image segmentation software. Using the two CT scans, SFB values of the proximal and middle thirds were calculated on the replaced and untreated sides by two different observers. Eight anatomical stems and two conical stems were involved. The post-operative CT was performed at an average follow-up of 6.5 years after THA (range: 3–12.5). The measurements performed by the two observers did not differ in the proximal and middle regions. A significant difference between the pre-operative and post-operative SFB compared to the untreated side was found in the proximal femur segment (p = 0.004). Use of a cementless stem in THA induced chronological changes in SFB of the proximal femur, after a minimum timespan of 3 years.
Nut Bioactives: Phytochemicals and Lipid- Based Components of Almonds, Hazelnuts, Peanuts, Pistachios, and Walnuts

Tree nuts were long perceived as an unhealthy food due to their high fat content and caloric value. The energy content of nuts ranges from 23.7 to 29.3 kJ/g and the fat content is ~ 0.51–0.73 g/g. Nuts that are higher in energy are higher in fat. However, clinical trials and epidemiological studies have established that nuts contribute to improved health and well-being in humans (Willet 2001) (Figure 9.1). CONTENTS
AND THE FIRST SETTLEMENT OF THE NEW WORLD

The oft-noted genetic and typological diversity of the languages of the New World is due not to accidents of history but to the operation of regular principles of linguistic geography. Four building blocks of a theory of linguistic diversity are presented here: a classification and measures of diversity, an account of the causes of diversity, measures of rates of differentiation, and means of estimating the age of a linguistic population. On the most conservative archeological view, the New World was first colonized some 12,000 years ago; on the received view, up to 20,000 years ago. But no high-latitude area like Siberia, Beringia, Alaska, or northern Canada could have contributed or transmitted the linguistic diversity to seed the New World in these time frames, and no single dispersing family could have given rise to the attested diversity in these time frames. The unmistakable testimony of the linguistic evidence is that the New World has been inhabited nearly as long as Australia or New Guinea, perhaps some 35,000 years. Genetic unity for 'Amerind' is incompatible with the chronology demanded by the linguistic facts. *
Spatial and temporal characteristics in streamflow-related hydroclimatic variables over western Canada. Part 2: future projections

Much of the freshwater in western Canada originates in the Rocky Mountains as snowpack. Temperature and precipitation patterns throughout the region control the amount of snow accumulated and stored throughout the winter, and the intensity and timing of melt during the spring freshet. Therefore, changes in temperature, precipitation, snow depth, and snowmelt over western Canada are examined through comparison of output from the current and future periods of a series of regional climate models for the time periods 1971–2000 and 2041–2070. Temporal and spatial analyses of these hydroclimatic variables indicate that minimum temperature is likely to increase more than maximum temperature, particularly during the cold season, possibly contributing to earlier spring melt. Precipitation is projected to increase, particularly in the north. In the coldest months of the year snow depth is expected to increase in northern areas and decrease across the rest of study area. Snowmelt results indicate increases in mid-winter melt events and an earlier onset of the spring freshet. This study provides a summary of potential future climate using key hydroclimatic variables across western Canada with regard to the effects these changes may have on streamflow and the spring freshet, and thus water resources, throughout the study area.
DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Along with the increasing Muslim population in Indonesia, the greater opportunity to develop Islamic social entrepreneurship. This research was conducted to find out the factors that influence the intention of Islamic social entrepreneurship in Indonesian Muslim communities through observing the effect of prior experience, empathy, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and perceived social support on social entrepreneurial intentions based on Islamic principles. We processed the data using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) method in Smart PLS 4.0 which the data was collected using a self-administrated questionnaire. The results showed that prior experience, moral obligation, self-efficacy, and perceived social support has a significantly positive effect towards the intention of social Islamic entrepreneurial intentions in Indonesian Muslim communities and thus this result can be applied as a reference for policy makers or academics to increasing Islamic entrepreneurial activity and promote Islamic entrepreneurial intentions in society.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Signaling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Underpinning Mechanisms and Potential Targeting Strategies

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating progressive disease characterized by excessive pulmonary vasoconstriction and abnormal vascular remodeling processes that lead to right-ventricular heart failure and, ultimately, death. Although our understanding of its pathophysiology has advanced and several treatment modalities are currently available for the management of PAH patients, none are curative and the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, further research is required to decipher the molecular mechanisms associated with PAH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important role through its vasoprotective functions in cardiopulmonary homeostasis, and accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence shows that the upregulation of the ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS1 proto-oncogene, G protein-coupled receptor (Mas 1 receptor) signaling axis is implicated in the pathophysiology of PAH. Herein, we highlight the molecular mechanisms of ACE2 signaling in PAH and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target.
Evaluation of the ambiguity resolution and data products from different analysis centers on zenith wet delay using PPP method

The evolution of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) permitted the development of GNSS meteorology. The present article is studying the impact of ambiguity resolution and final data products on Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). The data products were provided by different Analysis Centers (AC’s) like, European Space Agency (ESA), International GNSS Service (IGS) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The estimation of the ZWD was made by using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. For the study we used eight European IGS stations. In the first part of the analysis the effect of data products from different AC’s was analyzed. By differentiating the results of the ZWD in which we have used the data products from IGS and ESA, the ZWD presented a variation of 2 cm with a maximum of 3.2 cm on GANP station. The largest difference on the ZWD standard deviation by using precise ephemeris and clock data from different AC’s were 0.2 mm, when the IGS and JPL data product were used. Using the data products from IGS and ESA, in terms of estimated ZWD standard deviation, they were in agreement of 0.1 mm. The effect of the ambiguity resolution, by using the data products from the same AC’s revealed a relatively different behavior of the ZWD, only the JPL data products between the solved and unresolved ambiguities presented a similar behavior. The common part in all of the processing strategy, for the ambiguity resolution, was the use of phase biases provided by JPL. ARTICLE INFO
Assessment and Management of Biopsychosocial and Educational Needs: Developing and Implementing Educational Guidelines for patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Background : Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic illness that causes physical, cognitive, and psychosocial problems. Patients should be educated in conjunction with biopsychosocial evaluation and management. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of implementing educational guidelines on meeting biopsychosocial and educational needs of patients with multiple sclerosis. Research design: A quasi-experimental design (pre-post and study-control group) study was utilized to meet the objective of this study and investigate study hypothesis. Setting: At MS outpatient clinic affiliated to Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Subjects: For this investigation, a sample of eighty adult patients was selected from the previously described settings, and 40 patients were randomly allocated to each of the two equal groups (the study and the control). Results: There was a significant increase of total satisfactory level of knowledge at post-implementation phases among study group at p≤ 0.001 as compared to control group participants. There was a highly significant reduction of overall physical symptom alteration among study category as compared to control one patients post implementation at p <0.001. Significant improvement of the level of dependency among study group as compared to control group after educational implementation at p =0.005. Also, there were significant reductions among study group subjects in comparison to controls regarding total mean scores of depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms at post implementation (p= 0.009, 0.024 & 0.027 respectively). Moreover, the findings revealed significant reduction regarding total mean scores of social alterations among study group as compared to controls at post implementation phase at p=0.039. Conclusion: the educational guidelines were effective in improving knowledge, self-care practices, physical alterations, level of dependence, psychosocial alterations among study group in comparison to controls after its implementation. Recommendation. dissemination of study Arabic booklet suggested to developed and available for all cases with MS.
Robust nonparametric estimation of average treatment effects: A propensity score‐based varying coefficient approach

We present a novel nonparametric approach for estimating average treatment effects (ATEs), addressing a fundamental challenge in causal inference research, both in theory and empirical studies. Our method offers an effective solution to mitigate the instability problem caused by propensity scores close to zero or one, which are commonly encountered in (augmented) inverse probability weighting approaches. Notably, our method is straightforward to implement and does not depend on outcome model specification. We introduce an estimator for ATE and establish its consistency and asymptotic normality through rigorous analysis. To demonstrate the robustness of our method against extreme propensity scores, we conduct an extensive simulation study. Additionally, we apply our proposed methods to estimate the impact of social activity disengagement on cognitive ability using a nationally representative cohort study. Furthermore, we extend our proposed method to estimate the ATE on the treated population.
Model-based estimation of land subsidence in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

ABSTRACT This study is the first to assess land subsidence in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Land subsidence simulations were based on a fully calibrated groundwater (GW) flow model developed using a coupled surface–subsurface modelling system. Subsidence is predicted to occur as a result of deep aquifer compaction due to excessive GW abstraction. The north and north-east areas at the periphery of the GW basin are hotspots for this subsidence. The estimated subsidence is most sensitive to changes in land cover within the recharge areas. The model shows the Melamchi water supply project assists in the control of subsidence to some extent. In the absence of land subsidence measurements, this paper highlights the location and the potential levels of the subsidence hazard which will be useful for hazard prevention management. Additionally, this work provides a basis to design field investigations, monitoring networks for land subsidence and upgrading the present GW monitoring network. Although the study has presented a preliminary analysis, a more comprehensive model inclusive of clay subsidence is required to address the subsidence vulnerability of the central densely populated core of the valley, which reflects the need for a comprehensive database of the hydrogeology in the valley.
Analysis of Contamination of Total Microbes, Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus in Elementary School Children’s Snacks in Jimbaran area, Bali, Indonesia

School-age children like buying snacks after school. The snacks are sold on the roadside, therefore making them vulnerable to bacterial contamination, such as Coliform, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus that cause foodborne diseases. Jimbaran is in South Kuta, Badung, Bali. There are 20 elementary schools in Jimbaran with 7,321 students. The purpose of this research was to determine pathogenic bacterial contamination in snacks. Sampling was done using Simple Random Sampling method, by selecting three types of snacks from five different elementary schools in Jimbaran. Testing pathogenic bacterial contamination using total plate count (TPC), Most Probable Number (MPN), and Staphylococcus aureus test. The results showed the highest average total microbes in cubit cake at Elementary School E is 34.06×104 CFU/g. The highest average of Coliforms in fried tofu at Elementary School B was 92.27×102 MPN/g. The highest average E. coli in omelets roll at Elementary School C was 63.93×102 MPN/g. The highest average S. aureus in cakkue cake at Elementary School D was 92.9×102 CFU/g. The conclusion were 45 samples had total microbial contamination, 22 samples were positive for Coliform, 16 samples were positive for E. coli, and 40 samples were positive for S. aureus. According to Indonesian Food Safety Standards (BPOM RI), 4.4% of the snacks tested were suitable for consumption, while 95.6% were not suitable for consumption.
Widely targeted metabolomics analysis reveals the formation of nonvolatile flavor qualities during oolong tea manufacturing: a case study of Jinguanyin

Background The manufacturing processes of oolong tea significantly impact its nonvolatile components, leading to the emergence of distinct flavor attributes. Understanding the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components during the manufacturing stages of the Jinguanyin (JGY) cultivar is crucial for unraveling the potential mechanism behind flavor formation. Methods Comprehensive metabolomics and sensomics analyses were conducted to investigate the dynamic changes in nonvolatile components throughout various phases of oolong tea processing, focusing on the JGY cultivar. Results A total of 1,005 nonvolatile metabolites were detected, with 562 recognized as significant differential metabolites during various phases of oolong tea processing. Notably, the third turning-over, third setting, and high-temperature treatments exhibited the most significant effects on the nonvolatile metabolites of oolong tea. JGY finished tea demonstrated a characteristic flavor profile, marked by mellowness, sweetness in aftertaste, and a significant Yin rhyme. This flavor profile was collectively promoted by the accumulation of amino acids and organic acids, the decrease in flavonols (3-O-glycosides) and sugar substances, the alteration of phenolic acids, and the stabilization of caffeine. Conclusion This study contribute to the understanding of the formation of oolong tea flavor qualities. The dynamic changes observed in various types of nonvolatile compounds during oolong tea processing shed light on the intricate interplay of metabolites and their influence on the final flavor characteristics.