Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of rapid sedimentation on developing the Nyegga pockmark field: Constraints from hydrological modeling and 3‐D seismic data, offshore mid‐Norway

Three‐dimensional (3‐D) seismic data in the Nyegga region expose hundreds of seafloor pockmarks and fluid escape chimneys in close proximity to the northern sidewall of the Storegga Slide, on the formerly glaciated Norwegian margin. As the up to 350 m wide individual craters of the Nyegga pockmark field postdate the Late Glacial Maximum (∼25 calendar (cal) ka B.P.) and because modern fluid flux is characterized as microseepage at most, it appears that the pockmarks developed nearly simultaneously with some specific event. External types of forcing such as earthquake loading, the Storegga Slide (8.1 cal ka B.P.), or rapid sediment loading represent potential trigger mechanisms for developing hundreds of pockmarks within a millennial time window. We integrate the 3‐D seismic observations with a two‐dimensional (2‐D) sedimentation–fluid flow model to quantify the effects of sediment loading and erosion on overpressure generation and fluid expulsion. The models simulate the temporal evolution of compaction‐driven overpressure and fluid expulsion based on sedimentation rates estimated from seismic data and hydrologic and sediment properties obtained from laboratory experiments and petrophysical data. The 2‐D model predicts rapid overpressure generation in response to high sedimentation rates during the last (Weichselian) deglaciation period (25–18 cal ka B.P.). The high pressures significantly increase fluid expulsion, which peaks between 19 and 16 cal ka B.P. The modeled high‐flux period and the following declining flux period exhibit an excellent correlation with existing age dates of methane‐derived authigenic carbonate retrieved from Nyegga pockmarks. Accordingly, rapid sediment loading provides a mechanism to drive extensive cold seep formation. Our model suggests that the Nyegga pockmark field developed between 19 and 16 cal ka B.P. and therefore predates the giant Storegga Slide event.
Iron deficiency in peanut on black calcareous soils

Black calcareous soils of Thailand (Rendzinas or Calciustolls) occupy 500 000 ha and are located mostly on the highlands of central and northern areas of the country. These soils are considered quite fertile, but leaf chlorosis resembling iron deficiency occurs quite commonly in peanuts, although patchy in distribution.
Agriculture in the World Bank: Blighted Harvest Persists

The 2008 World Development Report (World Bank 2007a; hereafter WDR 2008) devoted to agriculture, opens with the bold statement that ―in the 21 st century agriculture continues to be a fundamental instrument for sustainable development and poverty reduction‖, World Bank (2007a, p. 1). The roles of agriculture and industry in development are amongst the oldest themes in development studies. Indeed, the two sectors lay at the heart of (the old or classic) development economics at its origins, and the economic and social history that preceded it. Both sectors, and particularly the relations between them, were perceived to be central to the economic and social transformations associated with development. For agriculture alone, the range and complexity of issues considered are significant. Explicitly, development was associated with transition to, or the failure thereof,, capitalist agriculture with the corresponding emergence of capitalist landlords and farmers, rural wage labour, and the socio-economic differentiation of a persistent peasantry by size of landholding, use of capital, forms of tenure, reliance upon wage labour, and so on. In other words, agrarian change is about the ―production‖ problematic of the classic agrarian question in political economy, Bernstein (2008). These issues were complemented by bigger ones such as the role of agriculture as a source of surplus for industrialisation in the provision of both resources and wage labour (the old ―accumulation‖ problematic), and by smaller ones concerning choice of technology and crop, access to markets and inputs, household survival and strategies, the impact of mechanization, etc. Inevitably, whatever patterns of, or paths to, agricultural development could be identified from historical and continuing experience, these displayed considerable heterogeneity (the form of diverse paths of ―agrarian transition‖, Byres (2003b)), profound economic and social change, and drew attention to the exercise of power in the conflict between, and evolution of, classes attached to, or detached from land.
Increased Variability in the Early Winter Subarctic North American Atmospheric Circulation

AbstractThe last decade shows increased variability in the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index for December. Over eastern North America such increased variability depended on amplification of the climatological longwave atmospheric circulation pattern. Recent negative magnitudes of the AO have increased geopotential thickness west of Greenland and cold weather in the central and eastern United States. Although the increased variance in the AO is statistically significant based on 9-yr running standard deviations from 1950 to 2014, one cannot necessarily robustly attribute the increase to steady changes in external sources (sea temperatures, sea ice) rather than a chaotic view of internal atmospheric variability; this is due to a relatively short record and a review of associated atmospheric dynamics. Although chaotic internal variability dominates the dynamics of atmospheric circulation, Arctic thermodynamic influence can reinforce the regional geopotential height pattern. Such reinforcement suggests a conditio.
Modelling Joint Development of Light Rail Transit Stations and Land Use - The Case of Tel-Aviv

Light Rail Transit (LRT) has been gaining popularity as a means of decreasing private automobile dependency and thus reducing car pollutants, relieving congestion and enhancing community liveability. LRT is also perceived as an important generator of economic growth, mainly in old urban centers. Through the improvement of accessibility to CBDs (Central Business Districts) planners and decision makers expect to revitalize central cities' vis-a-vis the increasing competition from the growing suburban shopping malls. More specifically, the objective of this paper is to explore the complex relationship between transportation and land use by analyzing the optimal composition of land use around the proposed light rail stations. Density and diversity are the two most important characteristics of urban land use development. We examine changes in land use adjacent to the LRT stations in metropolitan Tel-Aviv, and their impact on the demand for total travel in particular. These changes include hypothetical scenarios of alternative land use compositions, densities and intensities of residential, employment, and commercial land uses. In order to measure the impact of these changes on travel, a demand model is calibrated. The traditional four-step transportation model is retrofitted with alternative land use density and diversity variables. Among these are: residential density, job-population balance etc. As such, the restructured model is more sensitive to the different hypothetical land use scenarios and is expected to predict ridership demand changes more accurately. The results have shown that some of the land use variables are extremely important for trip generation trends forecasts, especially trip attraction trends. Furthermore, the simulations of the various land use policies are able to display the spatial reaction of trip rates to land use function, density, degree of mix, and household characteristics. The results of this study could serve to better assess urban transportation ridership demands, especially since they serve as input for mode choice analyses. Moreover, by exploring this subject even further, planners and decision makers will be able to attain a clearer and more comprehensive picture of optimal land use patterns surrounding station areas, and in doing so, improving the quality of life of urban dwellers, commuters and visitors.
Association between insulin-like growth factor-I, thyroxine and follicle stimulating hormone on the survival and in vitro development of caprine preantral follicles

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the interaction between follicle stimulating hormone obtained from Human Pituitary (hFSH; 10 ng/mL), Insulin-like Growth Factor Type 1 (IGF-I; 100 ng/mL) and thyroxine (T 4 ; 10, 20 ng/mL) on survival, activation and growth of preantral follicles (PAF) cultured in vitro . Fragments of ovarian cortex collected from 17 nonpregnant adult goats underwent different treatments that included α-MEM + medium, IGF-I, hFSH, T 4 and were processed for classic histology and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed a reduction in the percentage of normal follicles, after one and seven days of culture in media α-MEM + (cultured control), T 4 (10)/IGF-I, T 4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH and in media α-MEM + , IGF-I/hFSH, T 4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH, T 4 (20)/IGF-I/hFSH , when compared to the non-cultured control. However, the medium containing T 4 (20)/hFSH showed a follicular survival rate higher than the
Assessment of the Quality of Water in Urban Rivers - A case study of Lilongwe River in Malawi

Lilongwe the capital city of Malawi has a population of 670,000 and is fast growing at a rate of 4.3% per annum. All streams and runoffs in the city drain in Lilongwe River, hence its water quality for human use appears to be deteriorating. This research was aimed at identifying the sources of pollution and assessing the quality of the water in Lilongwe River in terms of suitability for domestic purposes of cooking, bathing, washing and drinking. The section of Lilongwe River under study was chosen because there had been reports of water borne diseases occurring every rainy season, there were a lot of waste damping and river bank cultivation along the river despite the river being used for domestic purposes like drinking. The selection of sites for water sampling was done through a physical survey. The grab sampling method was used. Physical identification and interviews were done to identify the major sources of pollution in the study area. Analysis of the 14 chosen physical, chemical and biological parameters was done at the Government Central Water Laboratory in Lilongwe though some were analyzed at the site using portable meters. Analysis of the parameters followed the protocols of the APHA (1989) methods. The results of the socio-economic survey showed 197 activities that directly or indirectly polluted the water in Lilongwe River. The laboratory analysis results showed that the values of seven out of 14 analysed parameters were above the acceptable limits of the Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS), concluding the occurrence of pollution in the river. These parameters were Lead (0.07Â±0.02 mg/l), Cadmium (0.14Â±0.08 mg/l), Phosphates (0.1Â±0.01 mg/l), Chemical Oxygen Demand (110Â±4.2 mg/l), Suspended Solids (81Â±6.2 mg/l), Turbidity (123Â±4 NTU), and Faecal Coliforms (3,781Â±300 counts/100ml). It is therefore concluded that the section of the river under study is polluted and not fit for domestic use. It is recommended that the water of Lilongwe River should not be used directly for domestic purposes of drinking within the study area. It is also recommended that an IWRM approach be used in order to solve the pollution problem of Lilongwe River. ,WATERnet
Volcanism of the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: A comparative planetary geology-guidebook

The Planetary Geology Field Conference on the central Snake River Plain was conceived and developed to accomplish several objectives. Primarily, field conferences are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to draw attention to aspects of terrestrial geology that appear to be important in interpreting the origin and evolution of extraterrestrial planetary surfaces. Another aspect is to present results of recent research in a region. A final objective of this conference is to bring together investigators of diverse backgrounds who share a common interest in the Snake River Plain. The Snake River Plain appears to be similar in surface morphology to many volcanic regions on the Moon, Mars, and possibly Mercury. Therefore, the Snake River Plain, in combination with the relatively good state of preservation, the lack of forests or other heavy vegetation, and the good network of jeep trails, is an area nearly ideal for analog studies.
The Genetics of Osteoarthritis

Complex or common diseases are those which are common in the population-at-large, are responsible for the majority of morbidity and mortality, and substantially affect individuals and society health-care costs. As such, they are responsible for the greatest burden to society and to the population. It is widely accepted that all complex diseases possess a genetic component that, in addition, plays a role in their pathogenesis. Therefore, clarification of their genetic determinants will lead to a better understanding of the causes and it will be possible to develop tools to identify persons who are at risk in families and in the population in general (Schork, 1997). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with multiple environmental and genetic factors contributing to its pathogenesis (Felson, 2004; Peach et al., 2005). It is strongly age-related, rare prior to the age of 40 years, but importantly increasing in frequency later; in fact, it is estimated that approximately up to 80% of people aged > 65 years exhibit radiographic evidence of OA (Oddis, 1996). OA has been classified into two classes: primary OA, which is the late-onset form and that has no obvious causes, and secondary OA, which has a clearly identifiable cause comprising a developmental abnormality or a major environmental effect (Altman, 1995). It has long been suggested that OA is inherited. The clinical studies by Stecher (1941) on Heberden’s nodes, a common manifestation of OA and by Kellgren et al. (1963) on generalized OA suggested that specific forms of common OA clusters in families. Due to its nature, primary OA is the target of studies on the genetic factors associated with its development and, as in other complex diseases, different strategies have been employed to investigate this genetic contribution. This chapter will be centered on familial aggregation studies, twin studies, and association studies on candidate genes. Other strategies, such as linkage analysis and Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), will be contemplated elsewhere.
Colorectal Cancer Recognition Using Deep Learning on Histopathology Images

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and deadly disease, and accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for improving patient outcomes. The use of deep learning in medical imaging offers a promising avenue for achieving this goal. The ability to accurately identify different types of cancer cells can aid in treatment planning and prognosis and may ultimately help to save lives. This study proposes two models, radiomic-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) and a deep-learning model to recognize different types of cells in colorectal cancer using pathological images. In the first model, the radiomics features are extracted from the histopathology images and SVM used for CRC classification. The second model extracted the deep learning features and classified the CRC using Res-Net-18. The study utilized a dataset of 5000 pathological images of colorectal cancer, with eight classes of cells to be recognized. The deep learning model achieved high scores in terms of recall, precision, F1-score, and accuracy for each class, with an overall accuracy score of 0.95. These results demonstrate the potential of deep learning in medical imaging and cancer diagnosis. Our findings suggest that deep learning could be a powerful tool for accurately diagnosing different types of cancer cells, aiding in treatment planning and prognosis. Finally, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on the use of deep learning in medical imaging and cancer diagnosis.
Stratigraphy of the Bandelier Tuff in the Pajarito Plateau. Applications to waste management

The Bandelier Tuff within the Pajarito Plateau consists of a lower sequence of air-fall and ash-flow deposits (Otowi Member) disconformably overlain by an upper sequence of air-fall and ash-flow deposits (Tshirege Member). The ash-flow sequence of the Tshirege Member consists of three cooling units throughout much of the Pajarito Plateau. The lower cooling unit is formed by three to as many as six pyroclastic flow units; the middle and upper cooling units each consist of at least three pyroclastic flow units. The contact between the lower and middle cooling unit coincides with a pyroclastic flow unit contact. This horizon is a prominent stratigraphic marker within distal sections of the Tshirege Member. Major and trace element analyses of unaltered and altered samples of the Bandelier Tuff were determined by neutron activation and delayed neutron activation and delayed neutron activation techniques. Petrographic, granulometric and morphologic characteristics of the Bandelier Tuff were determined to provide background information on the suitability of the Tuff as a medium for radioactive waste disposal. The hydrologic characteristics of the Bandelier Tuff are controlled primarily by secondary features of the Tuff (cooling zones). These features vary with emplacement temperature and transport distance of the Tuff. Primary depositional featuresmore » provide second order control on transport pathways in distal sections of the Tuff. « less
From cybercrime to cyborg crime: botnets as hybrid criminal actor-networks

Botnets, networks of infected computers controlled by a commander, increasingly play a role in a broad range of cybercrimes. Although often studied from technological perspectives, a criminological perspective could elucidate the organizational structure of botnets and how to counteract them. Botnets, however, pose new challenges for the rather anthropocentric theoretical repertoire of criminology, as they are neither fully human nor completely machine driven. We use Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to provide a symmetrical perspective on human and non-human agency in hybrid cybercriminal networks and analyze a botnet case from this perspective. We conclude that an ANT lens is particularly suitable for shedding light on the hybrid and intertwined offending, victimization and defending processes, leading to the new concept of ‘cyborg crime'.
An Intracardiac Atrioventricular Vena Caval Mass: A Case Report

Cardiac tumors (CTs) and intracardiac masses are rare, with an incidence of 1 per 2 million people annually. We present a case of an intracardiac mass where the patient exhibited progressive lower extremity swelling, night sweats, and diarrhea. Computed tomography of the chest with intravenous contrast revealed a sizable intracardiac mass with mixed attenuation and signs of metastatic lesions, suggesting a malignant process. This case stands out due to its uncommon presentation, considerable size, and extension from the right atrium into the right ventricle and the inferior vena cava. Although the exact etiology remains unclear because of the absence of a biopsy, it was presumed to be a type of sarcoma. Owing to significant cardiac obstruction, the patient's condition worsened rapidly, culminating in a fatal outcome mere days after the initial presentation. While there are multiple approaches to identify and treat CTs, their propensity to grow quietly until they reach a size large enough to cause fatal symptoms restricts opportunities for early detection and treatment.
The Effects of Blepharoptosis Surgery on Meibomian Gland, Tear Film, and Corneal Topography

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Meibomian gland (MG), tear film, and corneal changes in the post-operative period following ptosis surgery using corneal topography. Methods: This non-comparative, case series study analyzed 30 eyes of 23 patients undergoing blepharoptosis surgery with an external approach. Ocular surface and tear film evaluation was performed at baseline and post-operative 3rd month. The corneal topography was used to assess the MG, the noninvasive tear film break-up time (NI-TBUT), K values, astigmatism, and corneal aberrations. For the examination of dry eyes, the I-TBUT, Schirmer, and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaires were also performed. Results: The study involved patients with a mean age of 55.1±18.11 years. Postoperatively, marginal reflex distance 1 is significantly increased (1.23±1.09 vs. 3.65±0.65; p=0.001). Results revealed no significant changes in Kmean (43.65±1.15 vs. 43.67±1.14; p=0.727), astigmatism (−1±0.74 vs. −0.99±0.68; p=0.910), and corrected distance visual acuity logMAR (0.09±0.1 vs. 0.07±0.11; p=0.497). There was a significant increase in MG loss area postoperatively (5.02±5.04–7.75±6.75; p=0.047), while the degree of MG loss did not significantly change (0.2±0.48 vs. 0.37±0.56; p=0.132). However, no significant differences were detected in Schirmer I test (17.4±4.7 vs. 16.1±5.5; p=0.711), I-TBUT (12.4±3.1 vs. 11.9±4.7; p=0.483), and OSDI questionnaire score (16.7±9.4 vs. 17.9±10.3; p=0.176) between baseline and post-operative measurements. Similarly, no significant changes were found in NI-TBUT (5.73±3.72 vs. 6.58 4.71; p=0.535) and NIAvg-TBUT (6.06±4.8 vs. 7.51±4.43; p=0.322) values. Conclusion: Surgical correction of blepharoptosis affects MG morphology without causing dry eye at the 3rd month. Post-operative corneal topography is useful in demonstrating changes in the MG.
Millimeter–Wave Urban and Suburban Propagation Measurements Using Narrow and Wide Bandwidth Channel Probes

Measurements reported are part of a study of propagation characteristics for millimeter–wave communication links operating in an urban#8211;suburban environment. Absorption data were collected for signals propagated through some common building materials at 9.6 (reference frequency), 28.8, and 57.6 GHz. At these same channel frequencies, paths at street level obstructed by office buildings and residential properties were examined in terms of received signal levels resulting from direct penetration and/or propagation by diffraction modes with terminal separation of from 0.1 to 1.2 km. Signal fading was measured for line#8211;of#8211;sight paths up to 0.9 km as the transmitter terminal, operating at 11.4, 28.8, and 30.3 GHz, traveled down an urban street. Narrow#8211; and wide#8211;beam antenna patterns and both modes of linear antenna polarization were used to compare multipath fading characteristics. A unique 30.3 GHz wide bandwidth channel impulse probe was used to record multipath signal amplitudes and delay times, relative to the direct path, for the same antenna parameters indicated above. Impulse response measurements were recorded at about 10 m intervals as the transmitter traveled along the urban street.
A new approach for finding an appropriate combination of texture parameters for classification

This article is an attempt to suggest a new approach for eliminating the lengthy process of selecting various parameters for extracting texture features and to quantify the relative importance of the parameters affecting textural classification. A multivariate data analysis technique called ‘conjoint analysis’ has been used in the study to analyse the relative importance of these parameters. Results indicate that the choice of texture feature and window size have higher relative importance in the classification process than quantization level or the choice of image band for extracting texture feature. Results of the classification of an Indian urban environment using spatial property (texture) have also been reported. It was observed that the classification incorporating texture features using grey level co-occurrence matrix and wavelet-based approach improves the overall accuracy in a statistically significant manner in comparison to pure spectral classification.