Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Diagrams for Combinatorial Optimization and Satisfaction

In this thesis we develop techniques for applying binary decision diagrams (BDDs) and multivalued decision diagrams (MDDs) to combinatorial optimization and satisfaction problems, in particular multidimensional bin packing problems and the Boolean satisfiability problem. In the multidimensional bin packing problem, each bin has a multidimensional capacity and each item has an associated multidimensional size. We develop several MDD representations for this problem and explore different MDD construction methods including a new heuristic-driven depth-first compilation scheme. We also derive MDD restrictions and relaxations, using a novel application of a clustering algorithm to identify approximate equivalence classes among MDD nodes. Our experimental results show that these techniques can significantly outperform solvers using current constraint programming and mixed-integer programming methods. The Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problem is the problem of determining whether a given propositional formula defined on a set of Boolean variables has a satisfying assignment, that is, an assignment of truth values to the variables that makes the formula true. We present a generic method for deducing valid clauses from a SAT instance using BDDs, with the aim of finding clauses that are bottlenecks for SAT solvers using conflict-directed clause learning. We formally characterize the strength of these generated clauses and show that any clause learned from SAT conflict analysis can also be generated using our method, while our method can additionally generate stronger clauses than those that are derivable using one application of conflict analysis. The method remains valid for approximate BDDs, which is important for SAT instances that are too large for an exact BDD representation. Our experimental results show that the clauses generated from BDDs can significantly reduce the numbers of decisions and conflicts encountered by a SAT solver. In order to extend these clause generation techniques to larger SAT instances, we propose several methods to decompose a SAT instance into
Comparison of outcomes between neoadjuvant treatment followed by surgery and surgical treatment alone in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer: Our single-center experience

Background This study aims to investigate the effect of neoadjuvant therapy on overall survival and recurrence-free survival in locally advanced esophageal cancer patients. Methods Between January 2010 and December 2019, a total of 143 patients (84 males, 59 females; mean age: 58.8±11.5 years; range, 26 to 87 years) operated for esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. A comparison was made between the groups of 42 patients who underwent direct surgery and 42 patients who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant therapy. The patients were selected by matching one to one with propensity score with a sensitivty of 0.054. Results Pathological complete response was observed in 21 (50%) of 42 patients who received neoadjuvant therapy. No progression was detected in any of the patients. While the five-year overall survival rate was 58.3% in patients with a pathologic complete response, this rate was 52.8% in patients without a complete response (p=0.709). The five-year overall survival rate was 8% (median 22.3 months) in patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy and it was 52.9% (median 62.5 months) in those who received neoadjuvant therapy (p<0.001). The five-year recurrence-free survival rate for patients who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy was 26.2% (median 14.5 months), whereas this rate was 41.3% (median 35 months) for patients who received neoadjuvant therapy (p=0.025). Conclusion In patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, the overall survival and disease-free survival rates are significantly better with surgical treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy/ neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared to surgery alone.
Students Teaching Students: A Novel Solution for Teaching Procedures via Instruction on the Corpse

Introduction: Increased faculty and resident responsibilities have led to the decreased time available for teaching clinical skills to medical students. Numerous advances in education and simulation have attempted to obviate this problem; however, documented success is lacking. Our objective was to describe a novel fresh cadaver-based, student-driven procedural skills lab and to compare the educational effectiveness of student instructors to the senior instructor (SI). Methods: This was a prospective study performed at an academic medical center. A pilot program, “Students Teaching Students,” was introduced where four trained first-year medical students (TMS) instructed 41 other untrained first-year medical students in technical procedures. This study compared the teaching evaluations of the SI with the TMS teaching equivalent procedures. Paired t-test was used to determine statistically significant changes in procedural confidence between pre- and post-training. Utilizing a post-training questionnaire, average post-training confidence improvement values and objective post-training test scores of the participants were compared between TMS and SI, using a 2 sample t-test. Statistical significance was considered as a P-value<0.05. All statistical analyses were conducted in Stata 11 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). Results: Twenty-nine out of 39 (74%) students completed the questionnaire. Both groups demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in subjective confidence level in performing each procedure when pre- and post-training scores were compared, while there was no statistically significant difference found in cognitive knowledge between the groups (p=0.73). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean confidence improvement between the SI and TMS groups for chest tube insertion (2.06 versus 1.92 respectively, p=0.587), femoral line placement (2.00 versus 1.94 respectively, p=.734) or student test score (88% versus 85% respectively). Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that first-year medical students well-trained in technical skills, such as our TMS, may be a valuable additional teaching resource. The Students Teaching Students procedure lab employed in this study was effective at immediately increasing first-year medical students’ confidence and technical skill. First-year medical students well-trained in technical skills, such as our TMS, may be a valuable additional teaching resource.
National multicenter prospective observational study “The role of concomitant diseases in poSTOPerative complications RISK stratification - STOPRISK”: study protocol

INTRODUCTION: Advances in modern anesthesiology have significantly reduced the risk of anesthesia compared to the last century, however, the level of perioperative in-hospital mortality after elective major abdominal surgery is still high at the moment. Poor outcome prediction is the cornerstone of individualized perioperative management of high-risk patients aimed at preventing complications. Despite the fact that a large number of risk assessment tools have been developed over the past decades, the accuracy of the forecast is still far from required. According to the literature data, models based on the study of risk factors in the national population of patients, of which comorbidities make the greatest contribution, have the greatest accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Design: prospective observational study. Setting: National multicenter study of patients in surgical hospitals. Patients: Patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Interventions: Not provided. RESULTS: The developed design was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database, a study organized by the Federation of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators of Russia in cooperation with the Kuban State Medical University has now begun, 38 centers are participating in it, two papers have been published based on the results of an interim analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The study is of great scientific and medical and social importance, as a result of the analysis of the data obtained, the role of concomitant diseases in the development of an adverse outcome will be studied and a national risk assessment model will be developed. REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT03945968. Registered May 10, 2019.
Simulation of the electron acoustic instability for a finite-size electron beam system. [in dayside polar cusps

Satellite observations at midaltitudes (≈ 20,000 km) near the earth's dayside polar cusp boundary layer indicate that the upward electron beams have a narrow latitudinal width up to 0.1°. In the cusp boundary layer where the electron population consists of a finite-size electron beam in a background of uniform cold and hot electrons, the electron acoustic mode is unstable inside the electron beam but damped outside the electron beam. Simulations of the electron acoustic instability for a finite-size beam system are carried out with a particle-in-cell code to investigate the heating phenomena associated with the instability and the width of the heating region. The simulations show that the finite-size electron beam radiates electrostatic electron acoustic waves. The decay length of the electron acoustic waves outside the beam in the simulation agrees with the spatial decay length derived from the linear dispersion equation. The ambient cold electrons in a diffusion region surrounding the beam are heated to a higher temperature by absorbing the radiated electron acoustic waves, with the heating occurring mainly in the parallel direction. In the heat diffusion region, the temperature of the cold electrons decreases with the distance from the beam with a temperature gradient length smaller than the decay length of the wave energy. This feature of electron heating is modeled by using a heat diffusion equation derived from the second-order theory. In solving the heat diffusion equation, the wave energy inside the beam is assumed to be saturated by trapping the beam and the cold electrons. The dominant wave number is determined by assuming that the wave frequency outside the beam is equal to the frequency corresponding to the maximum growth rate inside the beam. These results are discussed with respect to the DE 1 plasma and wave observations in the polar cusp region. Using the typical parameters in the cusp boundary layer, the spatial decay length of the electron acoustic waves is estimated to be in the range of 1–10 km and the heat diffusion region is about 5 km. The results suggest that the electron acoustic waves generated by cusp upward electron beams are probably confined in a small region surrounding the beams.
Harmonic analysis, the trace formula and Shimura varieties : proceedings of the Clay Mathematics Institute, 2003 Summer School, the Fields Institute, Toronto, Canada, June 2-27, 2003

An introduction to the trace formula by J. Arthur Introduction to Shimura varieties by J. S. Milne Linear algebraic groups by F. Murnaghan Harmonic analysis on reductive $p$-adic groups and Lie algebras by R. E. Kottwitz Homogeneity for reductive $p$-adic groups: An introduction by S. DeBacker Compactifications and cohomology of modular varieties by M. Goresky Introduction to Shimura varieties with bad reduction of parahoric type by T. J. Haines A statement of the fundamental lemma by T. C. Hales Notes on the generalized Ramanujan conjectures by P. Sarnak.
Effect of heavy metals on duckweed growth

In this study, three clones of the duckweed genus Lemna, collected from three different regions of Vietnam Binh Thuan Bac Giang and Ben Tre were used to evaluate the growth and development in a culture medium containing different concentrations of As3+, Cd2+, or Pb2+. During 14 days of incubation, the growth rate was determined daily by measuring the surface area of all plants of each sample. Experimental results show that the three Lemna clones could grow in nutrient medium contaminated by heavy metal at a concentration of 0.3-0.5 mg/L for As3+, 0.15-0.3 mg/L for Cd2+, and 0.15 mg/L for Pb2+. At these concentrations, the division rate of the treated clones was several times higher than that of the controls. The highest increase in the surface area was recorded for Lemna BTN (68.47 times higher when cultured in medium supplemented in 0.3 mg/L Pb2+ than under control conditions). The surface area of Lemna BTR cultured in a medium supplemented with 0.3 mg/L As3+ was 54.65 times higher than in medium without arsenic. The obtained results showed that Lemna BGG and Lemna BTR can tolerate arsenic and cadmium pollution while Lemna BTN tolerates lead pollution.
Heisenberg XXZ model and quantum Galilei group

The 1D Heisenberg spin model with an anisotropy of the XXZ type is analysed in terms of the symmetry given by the quantum Galilei group Gamma q(1). For a chain with an infinite number of sites the authors show that the magnon excitations and the s=1/2, n-magnon bound states are determined by the algebra. In this case the Gamma q(1) symmetry provides a description naturally compatible with the Bethe ansatz. The recurrence relations determined by Gamma q(1) permit one to express the energy of the n-magnon bound states in a closed form in terms of Tchebischeff polynomials.
Lurik as Javanese Low Class Society Local Wisdom of Utilizing Natural Resource for Clothing

Culture represents human being civilization. The more complex a culture is, the more civilized human being who are possessing the culture. Acultured and civilized society can be seen through its lifestyle. As part of human lifestyle, fashion plays an important role as culture identity. Lurik is Javanese low to middle class society culture identity. It is their local wisdom of utilizing abundant and affordablenatural resource of fabric or clothingmaterial in Java. This research shows how Javanese people understand lurikphilosophy as Javanese traditional clothing and its particular use for the low-class society. The data were collected by doing literature review of lurik’s philosophy, observation of lurik use, and interview with local people who understand well about lurik and its meaning for them. The result shows that only particular Javanese people understand the lurik philosophy well and utilize it properly for the low-class society benefit, such as wearing it as a particular clothing that protects them from danger and wearing it as uniform for traditional ceremony.The meaning of lurik is already shifted from protection from danger under its philosophy and culture identity as low-class Javanese society into casual daily outfit andcommercial goods for business including tourism.
PENERAPAN EVIDENCE BASED NURSING EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI BERMAIN MEWARNAI GAMBAR TERHADAP KECEMASAN ANAK DENGAN HOSPITALISASI

Hospitalisasi pada anak dapat menimbulkan kecemasan dan stress pada semua tingkat usia. Salah satu upaya untuk menurunkan kecemasan yaitu terapi bermain mewarnai gambar.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh terapi bermain mewarnai gambar terhadap kecemasan pada anak hosptalisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasy eksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest posttest. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAR-S. Penentuan sample menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah 24 responden . Hasil statistik uji paired sample t-test didapatkan hasil p value 0,000 (p value < α 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh terapi mewarnai gambar terhadap kecemasan pada anak hospitalisasi. Penelitian ini menyarankan pemberian terapi mewarnai gambar pada anak dengan hospitalisasi sebagai cara yang efektif untuk menurunkan kecemasan.
Could the bulbar urethral end location on the cystourethrogram predict the outcome after posterior urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury?

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify cystourethrogram (CUG) findings that independently predict the outcome of posterior urethroplasty (PU) following pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI). Methods Findings of CUG included the location of the proximal end of the bulbar urethra in zones A (superficial) or B (deep) according to its relationship with the pubic arch. Others included the presence of pelvic arch fracture, bladder neck, and posterior urethral appearance. The primary outcome was the need for reintervention either endoscopically or by redo urethroplasty. Independent predictors were modeled using a logistic regression model and a nomogram was constructed and internally validated using 100-bootstrap resampling. Time-to-event analysis was performed to validate the results. Results A total of 196 procedures in 158 patients were analyzed. The success rate was 83.7% with 32 (16.3%) procedures requiring direct vision internal urethrotomy, urethroplasty, or both in 13 (6.6%), 12 (6.1%), and 7 (3.6%) patients, respectively. On multivariate analysis, bulbar urethral end located at zone B (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–8.5; p = 0.02), pubic arch fracture (OR: 3.9; 95%CI: 1.5–9.7; p = 0.003), and previous urethroplasty (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.8–10.1; p = 0.001) were independent predictors. The same predictors were significant in the time-to-event analysis. The nomogram discrimination was 77.3% and 75% in the current data and after validation. Conclusions The location of the proximal end of the bulbar urethra and redo urethroplasty could predict the need for reintervention after PU for PFUI. The nomogram could be used preoperatively for patient counseling and procedure planning.
Regional variation in the syntactic use of qad reflexes: Convergence or divergence in Saudi Arabic varieties?

Abstract In Classical Arabic (CA), qad, a discourse particle has been extensively studied. However, the linguistic behavior of the different reflexes of the particle qad in Saudi varieties (SVs), namely gid, gīd, jid, and dzid, has not been studied. Due to this lack, the current study, as primary exploratory, aimed to describe the syntactic uses of qad reflexes in SVs. In doing so, interviews were conducted in which a structured questionnaire was used with several CA scenarios describing different situations and asking participants to express them in their dialect varieties. For this study, 150 speakers from five SVs participated. The results revealed that qad reflexes are used in verbal sentences in SVs. However, unlike qad in CA, in SVs qad reflexes also occur in interrogative and negative sentences, and nominal phrases (i.e., immediately preceding the nouns). With reference to frequency, they are more often used in Southwestern and Hijazi and to a lesser extent in Najdi variety. However, they are less frequent in Eastern and Northern varieties. Although it is not possible to confirm with full reliability and certainty that this change is a divergence or convergence, yet it seems that qad, as many other Arabic linguistic features, is a case of divergence. Alternatively, the rich presence of qad reflexes in the Saudi Arabian spoken varieties suggests that the syntax of qad in CA might not have been documented completely. If this argument is to be understood better, further sociolinguistic studies are needed.
Basic Theory in the New Real Line-scale Rough Function Model

The basic concepts of Pawlak rough function model are improved. The concepts of double approximation operators that are scale upper (lower) approximation and real line upper (lower) approximation are defined and their properties and antithesis characteristics are analyzed. Scale bijection theorem as well as relative propositions and conclusions are proposed furthermore. Based on the indiscernibility relation, the new real line-scale rough function model is established by generalizing the double approximation operators into two-dimensional space. That deepens and generalizes rough function model based on rough set theory, and makes the scheme of rough function theory more distinct and completed. The transformation of real function analysis from real line to scale is achieved therefore, which provides necessary theoretical foundation and technical support for further discussion of properties and practical application of rough function model. knowledge discovery, etc (2-4) . With more than twenty years development, deepness, perfection and generalization, rough set theory has become more and more mature and complete gradually. However, although many theoretical and practical problems relating to data analysis have been solved successfully in the scheme of rough set theory, due to the limitation of rough set theory being based on set theory, a large number of theoretical and applicable problems relating to function theory such as the synthesis and analysis of rough controllers, the generation and optimization of discrete dynamic system (5-6) , etc., could not be described and solved only by the lower and upper approximate sets in rough set theory. Therefore, Pawlak generalize the concepts of rough sets to real numbers domain, and provide the rough function description in real numbers domain (7-10) . Taking the indiscernibility relation defined on real numbers set as the basic starting point, the concepts of lower rough (discrete) and upper rough (discrete) representations are defined in rough function model which is based on rough set theory. A series of discrete properties of the lower and upper representations corresponding to real functions are discussed to investigate the relationship between real and discrete functions, especially how does the discretization of real line influence basic properties of real functions, etc. There are some similarities between rough function model and numerical method as well as approximate method, e.g. approximation of one function by another one, but differences in nature between them exist, that is, rough function model is based on function theory in which functions are defined and valued in the set of integers, while numerical and approximate method are still based on real function theory, and are not related directly to discrete mathematics needed in fields such as computer simulation, etc. The applications of real functions are achieved by the establishment of rough function . Furthermore, on the basis of fault allowed theory and rough sets theory, if the rough functions of some real function is gained in advance, then the
¿Do behavioral, body and habitat features influence the cognitive performance of Sicalis flaveola?

In recent decades, the demonstration of cognitive abilities in birds has been documented and various tests have been designed to adequately evaluate their capacities. However, the results of these tests can also be influenced by aspects other than cognitive ability, such as behavioral, body and habitat characteristics. Species facing rapid and new environmental changes must express a cognitive performance that allows them to overcome obstacles through learning and acting, despite the fear of novelty. Even though Sicalis flaveola is extremely successful in disturbed environments, as with most tropical species, its behavioral flexibility and learning capacity are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cognitive abilityof S. flaveola and to determine whether cognition is affected by shyness, neophobia and body condition in individuals from two populations with different degrees of urbanization in Colombia. Obstacle removal and color discrimination tests were applied to 28 individuals in captivity. Shyness and neophobia were not found to be influenced by the place of origin, body condition or sex. For obstacle removal test, shyness and neophobia affected S. flaveolalearning speed of learning, but not discrimination. The ability to discriminate was in turn affected by the speed at which the birds learned to remove obstacles, level of difficulty, and the number of attempts required to solve the test. Learning capacity in this species is confirmed.