Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computational Simulations of Spray Cooling with Air-Assist Injectors

Abstract A new computational procedure for simulating air-assist flat sprays with atomization is described and demonstrated for surface cooling applications. This procedure builds upon and utilizes findings from our previous work; particularly the integral form of the conservation equations which are used to derive explicit quadratic formulas for drop size. These formulations relate the local energetic state to initial drop size produced by primary atomization processes. In this manner, the local liquid and gas phase velocities prior to atomization are used in the quadratic formula to provide the initial drop size and the appropriate local velocities are utilized as the initial droplet momentum state in a discrete particle tracking algorithm. This procedure has been performed and compared to experimental data for drop size and velocity. This furnishes a platform to further study the effects of droplet distributions on heat transfer and momentum transfer between the spray and a heated metal surface. This approach is based on the conservation principles and generalizable, so that it can easily be implemented in any spray geometry for accurate and efficient computations of two-phase flows including spray cooling.
On the asymptotic distributional risks of shrinkage and preliminary test versions of maximum likelihood estimators

SUMMARY. Both the preliminary test and shrinkage versions of the maximum likeli hood estimatoFS aim to reduce, in a meaningful setup, the risk of the estimator. Under the usual regularity conditions pertaining to the asymptotic normality of the classical version of the maxi mum likelihood estimators, asymptotic distributional risks for these versions are studied, and it is shown that none of these versions dominates the other, though each one fares well relative to the classical version.
Highly Similar Average Collateral Effect of Synonymous Mutations Across Alternative Reading Frames: A Potential Role In Evolvability

Abstract Synonymous mutations in a protein coding gene lead to a remarkably similar average “collateral” mutation effect size across alternative reading frames (1). Here we quantify the rarity of this feature among possible block structure codes as 0.77%. Then we develop a simple model of evolutionary search with two types of mutation. Across different mutation step sizes and ratios of the two types, the fitness-maximizing region corresponds to using a single average mutation value. The analogous constant average collateral mutation effect observed for the standard genetic code may likewise facilitate evolutionary search in alternative frame sequences.
Investigation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of CoFeB by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism

We have studied the variation of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of CoFeB layers with the oxidation degree of the MgO buffer layers. After annealing at 330 °C, the out-of-plane anisotropy field (Hk) of 1.5-nm CoFeB could be optimized to 3.1 kOe. To investigate the orbital hybridization of the Fe-3d and O-2p, the orbital moments per hole (morb/Nh) of Fe in annealed CoFeB layers were extracted by using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The dependence of morb/Nh on the oxidation time of MgO coincided with that of Hk, which revealed that PMA of annealed CoFeB originated from the interfacial orbital hybridization.
The landscape of cancer rewired GPCR signaling axes

We explored the dysregulation of GPCR ligand signaling systems in cancer transcriptomics datasets to uncover new therapeutics opportunities in oncology. We derived an interaction network of receptors with ligands and their biosynthetic enzymes, which revealed that multiple GPCRs are differentially regulated together with their upstream partners across cancer subtypes. We showed that biosynthetic pathway enrichment from enzyme expression recapitulated pathway activity signatures from metabolomics datasets, providing valuable surrogate information for GPCRs responding to organic ligands. We found that several GPCRs signaling components were significantly associated with patient survival in a cancer type-specific fashion. The expression of both receptor-ligand (or enzymes) partners improved patient stratification, suggesting a synergistic role for the activation of GPCR networks in modulating cancer phenotypes. Remarkably, we identified many such axes across several cancer molecular subtypes, including many pairs involving receptor- biosynthetic enzymes for neurotransmitters. We found that GPCRs from these actionable axes, including e.g., muscarinic, adenosine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and chemokine receptors, are the targets of multiple drugs displaying anti-growth effects in large-scale, cancer cell drug screens. We have made the results generated in this study freely available through a webapp (gpcrcanceraxes.bioinfolab.sns.it). Significance Comprehensive analysis of GPCR extracellular network in cancer transcriptomics datasets reveals signaling axes associated to patient survival, whose targeting is associated with growth inhibition in cancer cell lines drug sensitivity assays.
VIP interneurons regulate cortical size tuning and visual perception

Local cortical circuit function is regulated by diverse populations of GABAergic interneurons with distinct properties and extensive interconnectivity. Inhibitory-to-inhibitory interactions between interneuron populations may play key roles in shaping circuit operation according to behavioral context. A specialized population of GABAergic interneurons that co-express vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP-INs) are activated during arousal and locomotion and innervate other local interneurons and pyramidal neurons. Although modulation of VIP-IN activity by behavioral state has been extensively studied, their role in regulating information processing and selectivity is less well understood. Using a combination of cellular imaging, short and long-term manipulation, and perceptual behavior, we examined the impact of VIP-INs on their synaptic target populations in the primary visual cortex of awake behaving mice. We find that loss of VIP-IN activity alters the behavioral state-dependent modulation of somatostatin-expressing interneurons (SST-INs) but not pyramidal neurons (PNs). In contrast, reduced VIP-IN activity disrupts visual feature selectivity for stimulus size in both populations. Inhibitory-to inhibitory interactions thus directly shape the selectivity of GABAergic interneurons for sensory stimuli. Moreover, the impact of VIP-IN activity on perceptual behavior varies with visual context and is more acute for small than large visual cues. VIP-INs thus contribute to both state-dependent modulation of cortical circuit activity and sensory context-dependent perceptual performance.
Energy dissipation in micron- and submicron-thick single crystal diamond mechanical resonators

The authors report the resonance frequency and the energy dissipation of single crystal diamond cantilevers with different dimensions, which were fabricated by ion implantation assisted technique. The resonance frequency well followed the inverse power law relationship with the length of the cantilevers and exhibited a high reproducibility with varying the dimensions. The energy dissipation decreased with increasing the cantilever length and saturated or reduced at a certain value. For the shorter cantilevers, clamping loss governed the energy dissipation. As the cantilever length increased to a certain value, defects relaxation or surface effect became dominant. The possible origins for these energy dissipations were discussed.
Temporal effects of sugar intake on fly local search and honey bee dance behaviour

Honey bees communicate flight navigational information of profitable food to nestmates via their dance, a small-scale walking pattern, inside the nest. Hungry flies and honey bee foragers exhibit a sugar-elicited search involving path integration that bears a resemblance to dance behaviour. This study aimed to investigate the temporal dynamics of the initiation of sugar-elicited search and dance behaviour, using a comparative approach. Passive displacement experiments showed that feeding and the initiation of search could be spatially and temporally dissociated. Sugar intake increased the probability of initiating a search but the actual onset of walking triggers the path integration system to guide the search. When prevented from walking after feeding, flies and bees maintained their motivation for a path integration-based search for a duration of 3 min. In flies, turning and associated characters were significantly reduced during this period but remained higher than in flies without sugar stimulus. These results suggest that sugar elicits two independent behavioural responses: path integration and increased turning, with the initiation and duration of path integration system being temporally restricted. Honey bee dance experiments demonstrated that the motivation of foragers to initiate dance persisted for 15 min, while the number of circuits declined after 3 min following sugar ingestion. Based on these findings, we propose that food intake during foraging increases the probability to initiate locomotor behaviours involving the path integration system in both flies and honey bees, and this ancestral connection might have been co-opted and elaborated during the evolution of dance communication by honey bees.
DETECTION AND CORRECTION OF CHEAT IN THE SECRET SHARING SCHEMES WITH TERNARY CODES

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PyXAB - A Python Library for X-Armed Bandit and Online Blackbox Optimization Algorithms

We introduce a Python open-source library for $\mathcal{X}$-armed bandit and online blackbox optimization named PyXAB. PyXAB contains the implementations for more than 10 $\mathcal{X}$-armed bandit algorithms, such as HOO, StoSOO, HCT, and the most recent works GPO and VHCT. PyXAB also provides the most commonly-used synthetic objectives to evaluate the performance of different algorithms and the various choices of the hierarchical partitions on the parameter space. The online documentation for PyXAB includes clear instructions for installation, straight-forward examples, detailed feature descriptions, and a complete reference of the API. PyXAB is released under the MIT license in order to encourage both academic and industrial usage. The library can be directly installed from PyPI with its source code available at https://github.com/WilliamLwj/PyXAB
Non-technical losses in an electrical distribution system. Energy efficiency as a continuous process

This work analyzes the problem of non-technical losses in a low-voltage electrical power distribution system with an artificial intelligence model. The problem focuses on the use of a backpropagation multilayer perceptron neural network, which will quantitatively determine these losses from the manipulation of the current profile and the voltage drop expressed as percentages of their nominal values. These two magnitudes considered, will allow obtaining from the identification of patterns with large variations a technical assessment or quantification to approach the analysis from a different perspective, differing in the methodological determination of non-technical losses currently considered as a percentage of total losses. The results obtained will allow to form a basis for the correct determination of the non-supplied energy, its influence on distribution costs and energy efficiency for the future insertion of distributed generation.
Fast pose optimization algorithm based on eigen decomposition

: Pose graph optimization (PGO) is a high dimensional non-convex optimization algorithm widely used in the field of computer vision. It is hard to solve directly and mainly relies on iterative techniques. It requires high quality of initial value which is difficult to be guaranteed in practice. This paper studied PGO problem and proposed a simple closed solution algorithm for pose graph based on eigen decomposition. This algorithm first developed the semidefinite relaxation of maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) for PGO problems. Then it transformed MLE into eigen decomposition problem, and designed an improved model reduction method to solve the problem by using the sparsity of data, which further improves the computational speed of the algorithm. The algorithm has the advantages of scalability, low computational cost and high precision. Finally, experimental evaluation on simulated and real-world pose-graph datasets shows that the proposed algorithm can optimize the pose graph quickly without compromising accuracy.
Addendum: “Reduction in thermal boundary conductance due to proton implantation in silicon and sapphire” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 231901 (2011)]

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Improved Multi-scale Retinex Algorithm and Its Application

In the standard multi-scale Retinex algorithm,a constant gain is applied to a Retinex output,which leads to overenhancement in smooth and edge regions,in which noise amplification and ringing artifacts take place,respectively.An improved Multi-Scale Retinex(MSR) algorithm is proposed by applying the adaptive space varying gain,which means larger gain is applied to pixels in smooth and edge regions while smaller gain is applied to pixels in detail regions.Meanwhile,the gain difference is larger between pixels of Retinex output associated with a small Gaussian surround space constants while the gain difference is small between pixels of Retinex output associated with a large Gaussian surround space constants.When the proposed algorithm is applied to images severely degraded by fog,experiments show that the algorithm can effectively remove fog degradation from color images.
Size effects of switching fields of thin permalloy particles

Measurements of hysteresis loops were performed on thin Permalloy rectangular platelets with various dimensions prepared by nanolithography. The particle coercivity H/sub c/ exhibits a sensitive size dependence. The measured values of H/sub c/ are compared with micromagnetic predictions utilizing two-dimensional models without magnetization variation through the thickness. Excellent overall agreement is found, indicating that a simplified two-dimensional approach is sufficient for characterizing reversal mechanisms for particles with thicknesses smaller than or comparable to the exchange length. >
Accurate laser guide star wavefront sensor simulation for the E-ELT first light adaptive optics module

MAORY will be the multi-conjugate adaptive optics module for the E-ELT first light. The baseline is to operate wavefront sensing using 6 Sodium Laser Guide Stars and 3 Natural Guide Stars to solve intrinsic limitations of artificial beacons and to mitigate the impact of the sodium layer structure and variability. In particular, some critical components of MAORY require to be designed and dimensioned in order to reduce the spurious effects arising from the Sodium Layer density distribution and variation. The MAORY end-to-end simulation code has been designed to accurately model the Laser Guide Star image in the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor sub-apertures and to allow sodium profile temporal evolution. The fidelity with which the simulation code translates the sodium profiles in Laser Guide Star images at the wavefront sensor focal plane has been verified using a laboratory Prototype.
Exact analytic solutions for Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein level crossings.

An exact formula for the transition probability in level-crossing phenomena is derived for a general case, ranging from adiabatic to sudden crossings. This is done in the context of neutrino flavor oscillations for the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect, where hitherto only numerical or approximate solutions were obtained. The matter density or level splitting is assumed to be governed by a hyperbolic-tangent function which, however, can change arbitrarily fast between two constant values. For example, in context of the MSW effect this furnishes a nice fit to the solar density determining the level crossing of solar neutrinos. In the quasiadiabatic limit the exact Landau-Zener factor can be read off, correcting some expressions obtained so far. Even in the opposite limit of a sudden level crossing a conversion is found, which can have far-reaching consequences for neutrino detection on Earth.
Electrotunable in-plane one-dimensional photonic structure based on silicon and liquid crystal

The model of the electro-optical effect, due to the reorientation of liquid crystal molecules from a pseudoisotropic to a homeotropic state, in a composite photonic structure with a liquid crystal filler, is elaborated. A composite (110) grooved silicon photonic structure for the middle infrared range was designed and fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform. Polarized reflection spectra, demonstrating the electro-optical effect, have been obtained by means of Fourier transform infrared microscopy. The relative shift of the band edge at half intensity in the region of 10μm was found experimentally to be 1.6% compared to 2.2% as predicted by theory.
Subgroups of free groups generated by conjugates of powers of the generators

Abstract For a free group Fn = 〈x 1, . , xn 〉 we investigate when a finite index subgroup of Fn is generated by a set 𝒳 of powers of conjugates of the generators x 1, . , xn . For the braid group Bn = 〈σ1, . , σ n–1〉 we similarly consider when a finite index subgroup is generated by a set of powers of Dehn twists, i.e., conjugates of the elements . We indicate a connection of these problems with the theory of c-groups developed by Burnside, Schur and Wielandt.
Low Flow Trends in Texas Stream Segments Serving Unique Hydrologic Functions

In recognition of the unique hydrologic functions they serve, certain stream segments in Texas have been designated as ecologically significant. In this study, we evaluated low flow trends in seven hydrologically unique stream segments spanning three climatic divisions in Texas from 1970 to 2019. Despite increasing mean annual temperatures, there are no trends in low flows or other hydrologic variables in the East Fork of the San Jacinto River in the Upper Coast climatic division, likely due to local moisture surplus effects from the Gulf of Mexico. In the Edwards Plateau climatic division, annual low flows and annual baseflows are decreasing in the South Fork of the Guadalupe River, the Sabinal River and the Frio River. While increasing mean annual temperatures appear to have a role in the drying of all three of these stream segments, increasing annual potential evapotranspiration may be an additional driver in the Sabinal and Frio Rivers. Analysis of the Standardized Streamflow Index indicates that all seven stream segments experienced their worst streamflow droughts in the 2010s. As such, the watersheds draining to the gages on these stream segments have minimal anthropogenic impacts, suggesting the influence of climate on the observed stream drying.
Improving current generation in a tokamak by electron cyclotron waves

Current drive by electron cyclotron heating of the far end of a lower-hybrid-sustained electron tail is investigated. The current density profile is determined by means of the kinetic theory and the ray-tracing code for the PLT and the Alcator C parameters. It is shown that the value of the ratio W/I for the combined effects of lower hybrid and electron cyclotron wave absorption can be improved compared to that of the present lower hybrid experiments. Suitable shaping of the current density profiles can be achieved by adjusting the wave-launching parameters.
Semiclassical Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Rarefied Circular Pipe Flows

Computations of microscopic circular pipe flow in a rarefied quantum gas are presented using a semiclassical axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann method. The method is first derived by directly projecting the Uehling-Uhlenbeck Boltzmann-BGK equations in two-dimensional rectangular coordinates onto the tensor Hermite polynomials using moment expansion method and then the forcing strategy of Halliday et al. [Phys. Rev. E. , 64 (2001), 011208] is adopted by adding forcing terms into the resulting microdynamic evolution equation. The determination of the forcing terms is dictated by yielding the emergent macroscopic equations toward a particular target form. The correct macroscopic equations of the incompressible axisymmetric viscous flows are recovered through the Chapman-Enskog expansion. The velocity profiles and the mass flow rates of pipe flows with several Knudsen numbers covering different flow regimes are presented. It is found the Knudsen minimum can be captured in all three statistics studied. The results also indicate distinct characteristics of the effects of quantum statistics. AMS subject classifications: 76P05, 82B40, 82D05, 82C40 PACS: 47.11. -j, 51.10. +y, 47.45. Ab, 67.10. Jn