Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elastic Constants of Compression-Annealed Pyrolytic Graphite

The elastic constants of pyrolytic graphite which has been highly ordered by annealing under compressive stress have been determined by ultrasonic, sonic resonance, and static test methods. Ultrasonic tests yielded the elastic constants c11, c12, c33, c44 = 1/s44, and the stress derivative of c33. The moduli 1/s11 and c44 were determined from the free flexural resonant vibrations of bars, and the shear modulus c44 also was determined from the fundamental torsional resonance of the bars and from the resonance of compound torsion oscillators composed of thin graphite disks with steel end pieces. Static tension, compression, and torsion tests on the pyrolytic graphite yielded a complete set of compliances (s11, s12, s13, s33, and s44). The following self‐consistent set of elastic constants (cij in units of 1011 dyn/cm2; sij in 10−11 cm2/dyn) has been deduced from the results: c11 = 106±2, c12 = 18±2, c33 = 3.65±0.10, c13 = 1.5±0.5, c44 = 0.018 to 0.035, 1/s11 = 102±3, 1/s33 = 3.65±0.10, s12 = −0.0016±0.0006,.
Effects of thermal diffusion and viscous dissipation on unsteady MHD free convection flow past a vertical porous plate under oscillatory suction velocity with heat sink

The thermal diffusion and viscous dissipation effects on an unsteady MHD free convection heat and mass transfer flow of an incompressible, electrically conducting, fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium of time dependent permeability under oscillatory suction velocity in the presence of a heat absorbing sink have been studied. It is considered that the influence of a uniform magnetic field acts normal to the flow and the permeability of the porous medium fluctuates with time. The dimensionless governing equations for this investigation have been solved numerically by using the efficient Galerkin finite element method. The numerical results obtained have been presented through graphs and tables for the thermal Grashof number   r G 0  corresponding to the cooling of the porous plate and   r G 0  corresponding to heating of the porous
Spectral Estimation : Fast Implementation Using the Gohberg – Semencul Factorization

We consider fast implementations of the weighted least-squares based iterative adaptive approach (IAA) for one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) spectral estimation of uniformly sampled data. IAA is a robust, user parameter-free and nonparametric adaptive algorithm that can work with a single data sequence or snapshot. Compared to the conventional periodogram, IAA can be used to significantly increase the resolution and suppress the sidelobe levels. However, due to its high computational complexity, IAA can only be used in applications involving small-sized data. We present herein novel fast implementations of IAA using the Gohberg–Semencul (G-S)-type factorization of the IAA covariance matrices. By exploiting the Toeplitz structure of the said matrices, we are able to reduce the computational cost by at least two orders of magnitudes even for moderate data sizes.
A CLASS OF NONMONOTONE SPECTRAL MEMORY GRADIENT METHOD

Abstract. In this paper, we develop a nonmonotone spectral memorygradient method for unconstrained optimization, where the spectral step-size and a class of memory gradient direction are combined eﬃciently. The global convergence is obtained by using a nonmonotone line searchstrategy and the numerical tests are also given to show the eﬃciency ofthe proposed algorithm. 1. IntroductionIn this paper, we consider the unconstrained optimization problem(1) min f ( x ) , x ∈ R n , where f ( x ) : R n → Ris continuously diﬀerentiable with gradient function ∇f ( x ) = g ( x ). The spectral gradient method was originally proposed by Barzilai and Bor-wein [1] for quadratic function. The main feature of this method is that onlygradient directions are used at each line search whereas a non-monotone strat-egy [6] guarantees global convergence. Compared with the classical steepestdescent method, the spectral gradient method requires less computational workand speeds up the convergence greatly, hence it is suitable for large scale prob-lems. Due to its simplicity and numerical eﬃciency, the spectral gradientmethod has now received a good deal of attention in optimization commu-nity. Recently, the method has been extended successfully to unconstrainedand constrained optimization, see for examples [2, 3, 4, 10]. In [2], Birgin and Mart´inez combined the spectral gradient and conjugategradient(CG) idea and proposed a spectral conjugate gradient method for un-constrained optimization. The numerical performance showed that the methodis more eﬃcient than the CG method. Memory gradient methods have the same
Dynamical Localization and Environmental Noise: a Quantum Trajectory

Using the quantum trajectory approach, we study the effects of environmental noise on dynamical localization in a quantum algorithm simulating the kicked rotator. We apply two models that generalize single qubit noisy channels, like phase flip and amplitude damping, to the many-qubit situation. Our numerical results show that the quantum trajectory approach is suitable for simulating the quantum kicked rotator in realistic environments.
Simulation Research on Trajectory Planning of Double-arm Cooperative Live Working Robot for Transmission Lines

High-voltage transmission lines are the main artery for power transmission, dampers, insulators and drainage plates are typical hardware on transmission lines. The harsh service environment will damage transmission line hardware and seriously affect the safety and stable operation of transmission lines. The electrical power robots are used to carry out transmission line maintenance operations. It is of great significance to improve work safety and work efficiency. Through the analysis of typical hardware maintenance tasks, it can be seen that most of the operations require the coordinated movement of the double arms to complete. Based on this, this paper proposes a basic configuration of a double-arm collaborative robot. At the same time, based on the polynomial interpolation theory, the robot arm motion trajectory planning is carried out, and then the trajectory planning simulation model of the robot manipulator in the MATLAB environment has been established and the trajectory simulation research has been carried out on the robot manipulator to reconstruct the end tool and the manipulator to carry the end tool to the work point. The simulation results show that compared with the single-arm operation mode, the cooperative operation of the double arms can not only improve the operation efficiency, but also complete some tasks that cannot be completed by the single-arm operation, the research in this paper has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the intelligent operation and maintenance management of transmission network.
Metric Mutation Anomaly Detection Method of the Power Grid Dispatching Automatic System Based on Machine Learning and Statistics

With the increase of the scale, function and complexity of power grid dispatching automatic system, the difficulty of system operation and maintenance increases significantly. This paper presents a metric mutation anomaly detection method based on the combination of machine learning and statistical algorithm. First, the system data is smoothed by machine learning algorithm, and the difference between the smoothed value and the real value is calculated. Then, the difference was used to detect data anomaly by ensemble of statistical method. The effectiveness and accuracy of the method is verified by the test data of the power grid dispatching automatic system. The method can quickly locate the anomaly components of the system and assist the system maintenance personnel in making decisions.
Radial Velocities, Binarity, and Kinematic Membership in the Open Cluster NGC 2516

We present echelle spectroscopic observations for 36 bright (V < 9.6) stars in the open cluster NGC 2516, including several blue straggler candidates and four red giants. Radial velocities are derived by cross-correlations using high signal-to-noise ratio standard spectra as templates. From 22 cluster members a mean cluster velocity of +22.0 ± 0.2 km s-1 was derived. Membership probabilities of the observed stars are computed on the basis of their distance to the cluster center and kinematic criteria. We report the discovery of three double-lined spectroscopic binaries and several probable binaries among main-sequence stars. A binary frequency of more than 26% is found among the high-mass main-sequence stars. The blue straggler HD 66341 is a slowly rotating cluster member with constant velocity, while HD 66194 is a fast-rotating Be star with probable variations in radial velocity. Other blue straggler candidates, such as HD 65663, 65950, 66066, and 65987, must be considered turnoff stars.
The Celestial Reference Frame at K Band: Imaging. I. The First 28 Epochs

We present K-band (24 GHz) images of 731 compact extragalactic radio sources with submilliarcsecond resolution, based on radio interferometric observations made with the Very Long Baseline Array of 10 telescopes during 29 day long sessions spanning from 2015 to 2018 and recorded at 2048 Mbps. Many of these sources are imaged with submilliarcsecond resolution for the first time at frequencies above X band (8 GHz). From each of the K-band images, we derive the following source properties: peak brightness, core and total flux density, the ratio of peak and core to total flux (compactness measure), radial source extent, structure index, source size, and jet direction. The vast majority of sources are imaged at multiple epochs, providing insights into their temporal behavior. The use of K band was motivated by the fact that the sources are generally intrinsically more compact at higher frequencies, as well as by the factor of 3 improvement in interferometer resolution relative to the historically standard S/X band (2.3/8.4 GHz) used for a large amount of reference frame and calibrator work. Lastly, as most of the sources imaged here are in the K-band component of the third International Celestial Reference Frame, these images serve to characterize the objects used in that International Astronomical Union standard.
Formalism of rotating-wave approximation in high-spin system with quadrupole interaction

We investigate the rotating wave approximation applied in the high-spin quantum system driven by a linearly polarized alternating magnetic field in the presence of quadrupole interactions. The conventional way to apply the rotating wave approximation in a driven high-spin system is to assume the dynamics being restricted in the reduced Hilbert space. However, when the driving strength is relatively strong or the driving is off resonant, the leakage from the target resonance subspace cannot be neglected for a multi-level quantum system. We propose the correct formalism to apply the rotating wave approximation in the full Hilbert space by taking this leakage into account. By estimating the operator fidelity of the time propagator, our formalism applied in the full Hilbert space unambiguously manifests great advantages over the conventional method applied in the reduced Hilbert space.
Modes of Interannual Tropical Ocean–Atmosphere Interaction—a Unified View. Part II: Analytical Results in the Weak-Coupling Limit

Abstract The properties of the eigenmodes of the coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere system, linearized about a climatological basic state—and hence of the first bifurcation, which strongly determines the nature of the interannual variability, such as El Nino—show considerable dependence on the parameters of the coupled system. These eigenmodes are examined in a modified shallow-water model with simplified mixed-layer dynamics and a sea surface temperature (SST) equation, coupled to a simple atmospheric model. The model is designed so as to make analytical approximations feasible in various limits, as in a previous study by Neelin where the x-periodic case was analyzed. The realistic case of a finite ocean basin is treated here. An integral formulation of the eigenvalue problem is derived that provides a basis for making consistent approximations that include the effects of atmospheric and oceanic boundary conditions. We provide a scaling analysis to select parameters that give the most succinct insights in.
Approximate Mixed‐Integer Nonlinear Programming Methods for Optimal Aquifer Remediation Design

An optimal aquifer remediation design model employing a nonlinear programming algorithm was developed to find the minimum cost design of a pump-and-treat aquifer remediation system. The mixed-integer nonlinear programming model includes the discontinuous fixed costs of system construction and installation as well as operation and maintenance. The fixed cost terms in the objective function have been approximated by continuous functions of the decision variables using a polynomial penalty coefficient method resulting in a nonlinear programming formulation of an otherwise mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. Results of applying the new polynomial penalty coefficient method to an example design problem show that a combined well field and treatment process model hat includes fixed costs has a significant impact on the design and cost of aquifer remediation systems, reducing system costs by using fewer, larger flow rate wells. Previous pump-and-treat design formulations have resulted in systems with numerous, low flow rate wells due to the use of simplified cost functions that do not exhibit economies of scale or fixed costs. The polynomial penalty coefficient method results were compared to two alternative approximate mixed-integer nonlinear programming methods for solving optimal quifer remediation design problems, the pseudo-integer method and the exponential penalty coefficient method. The polynomial penalty coefficient method obtains the same solutions and performs as well as or better than the exponential penalty coefficient method. The polynomial penalty coefficient method almost always results in better, less expensive designs and requires significantly less computer time than the pseudo-integer method.
Weather variation in objectively measured physical activity: results of four Brazilian cohorts

Background: The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of objectively measured physical activity and weather variables in different stages of life course. Methods: This study used data from four Brazilian cohorts (mean ages: 10.9, 22.6, 30.2, and 70.5 years). The exposure was weather variation, using temperature, rain, humidity, and wind velocity. The outcome measured was accelerometer based physical activity in three ways: overall, 5-minute bouts, and 10-minute bouts physical activity. Both exposure and outcome were collected from the same period. Crude and adjusted analyses were fitted using a two-part model. Results: Among 9,966 individuals from different ages evaluated, physical activity levels were low, especially in older adults. Rain and mean wind velocity were not associated physical activity of individuals, however, the probability of children being inactive was higher during humid days. After mutually adjusting the models for weather variables, only mean temperature and humidity were associated with higher and lower physical activity levels in children, respectively. Conclusions: Weather variables are not key indicators to be accounted when modelling physical activity studies in almost all ages. However, this study helps to identify specifically exposures, regardless of the physical activity operationalization.
Early Detection of Lung Cancer in the NLST Dataset

Lung Cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the U.S. The effectiveness of standard treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, depends on several factors like type and stage of cancer, with the survival rate being much worse for later cancer stages. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) established that patients screened using low-dose Computed Tomography (CT) had a 15 to 20 percent lower risk of dying from lung cancer than patients screened using chest X-rays. While CT excelled at detecting small early stage malignant nodules, a large proportion of patients (> 25%) screened positive and only a small fraction (< 10%) of these positive screens actually had or developed cancer in the subsequent years. We developed a model to distinguish between high and low risk patients among the positive screens, predicting the likelihood of having or developing lung cancer at the current time point or in subsequent years non-invasively, based on current and previous CT imaging data. However, most of the nodules in NLST are very small, and nodule segmentations or even precise locations are unavailable. Our model comprises two stages: the first stage is a neural network model trained on the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC-IDRI) cohort which detects nodules and assigns them malignancy scores. The second part of our model is a boosted tree which outputs a cancer probability for a patient based on the nodule information (location and malignancy score) predicted by the first stage. Our model, built on a subset of the NLST cohort (n = 1138) shows excellent performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC AUC) of 0.85 when predicting based on CT images from all three time points available in the NLST dataset
Characteristics of Medial Depression of the Mandibular Ramus: A CBCT Analysis in Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns

Statement of the Problem: Medial depression of the mandibular ramus (MDMR) as a normal anatomical variation might complicate orthognatic surgeries that involve ramus. When planning an orthognatic surgery, it is clinically valuable to notice MDMR in osteotomy site to decrease the risk of failure. Purpose: The aim of present study was to evaluate the prevalence as well as characteristics of MDMR in three skeletal sagittal classifications. Materials and Method: This cross sectional study evaluated 530 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, of which 220 were enrolled. The skeletal sagittal classification, the presence of MDMR, the shape, depth, and width of MDMR were recorded for each patient by two examiners. Chi-square test was performed to determine the differences between three skeletal sagittal groups and between two genders. Results: The overall prevalence of MDMR was 60.45%. MDMR was mostly detected in class III (76.92%), followed by class II (76.66%), and class I (54.87%). In the analyzed CBCT scans, semi-lunar was the most common shape detected (42.85%), followed by triangular (30.82%), circular (18.04%), and tear-drop (8.27%). The depth of MDMR was not significantly different between three sagittal groups and between genders; however, the width of MDMR was higher in class III group and in male patients. In the present study, MDMR was found to be more common in patients with class II and class III skeletal classifications. Although, MDMR was more frequent in class III, the difference between class II and class III was not significant. Conclusion: More caution is needed during orthognatic surgery in patients with dentoskeletal deformities during the splitting of the ramus. Moreover, higher width of MDMR in class III and male patients should be concerned when planning an orthognatic surgery for these patients.
Gel immersion cannulation during hemostasis of post-endoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding

Post-endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding is a common complication of biliary sphincterotomy. The rate of postES bleeding varies widely and bleeding may present immediately or several days later. Endoscopic hemostasis includes injection, thermal coagulation, and mechanical methods, either alone or in combination. Vascular embolization or surgery is necessary when hemostasis is difficult to achieve [1]. Post-ES bleeding and further endoscopic hemostasis therapy increase the complication rates of pancreatitis and cholangitis [2]. A pancreatic duct stent can be placed to prevent pancreatitis during endoscopic hemostatic treatment. However, cannulation is sometimes challenging because the bleeding may obscure the field of view. We successfully applied a novel method for securing the endoscopic visual field using a gel immersion technique [3, 4] during cannulation, which involves the application of a gel with an appropriate viscosity (Viscoclear; Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan) (▶Video 1). An 84-year-old woman presented with common bile duct stones. ES was performed to remove the stones; however, bleeding occurred 2 days after the procedure, and endoscopic hemostatic treatment was performed (▶Fig. 1). Prior to the thermal method, pancreatic duct stenting was attempted to prevent pancreatitis; however, cannulation was difficult because of the bleeding. An auxiliary injection cap (BioShield irrigator; US Endoscopy, Mentor, Ohio, USA) was used to free the channel, and the gel was injected via the injection cap using a flushing pump (OFP-2; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) (▶Fig. 2). The pump was set at low pressure to maintain gel viscosity [5] (▶Fig. 3). Finally, a pancreatic stent was successfully inserted while the visual field was secured (▶Fig. 4, ▶Fig. 5). The thermal method was used, and hemostasis was successfully achieved. Gel immersion cannulation may be useful in cases where securing the visual field is difficult. Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_CPL_1AK_2AC
An atonal homolog, lin-32, regulates hypodermal morphogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans

The transcription factor atonal contributes to patterning and cell fate determination in specialized epithelial cells in various animals, but its function in hypodermis is unknown. Here, we analyzed the atonal homolog lin-32 in C. elegans to clarify whether atonal acts in hypodermal development. The lin-32 null mutants exhibited bulges and cavities in their head, which were prevented by LIN-32 expression. Fluorescent protein was expressed in hypodermis cells at the embryonic stage by the lin-32 promoter. These results certify that atonal plays an essential role in the development of a broader range of tissues as hypodermis than initially thought.