Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hexavalent chromium–induced epigenetic instability and transposon activation lead to phenotypic variations and tumors in Drosophila

Abstract Developmental robustness represents the ability of an organism to resist phenotypic variations despite environmental insults and inherent genetic variations. Derailment of developmental robustness leads to phenotypic variations that can get fixed in a population for many generations. Environmental pollution is a significant worldwide problem with detrimental consequences of human development. Understanding the genetic basis for how pollutants affect human development is critical for developing interventional therapies. Here, we report that environmental stress induced by hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), a potent industrial pollutant, compromises developmental robustness, leading to phenotypic variations in the progeny. These phenotypic variations arise due to epigenetic instability and transposon activation in the somatic tissues of the progeny rather than novel genetic mutations and can be reduced by increasing the dosage of Piwi - a Piwi-interacting RNA–binding protein, in the ovary of the exposed mother. Significantly, the derailment of developmental robustness by Cr(VI) exposure leads to tumors in the progeny, and the predisposition to develop tumors is fixed in the population for at least three generations. Thus, we show for the first time that environmental pollution can derail developmental robustness and predispose the progeny of the exposed population to develop phenotypic variations and tumors.
Why do users accept the information technology? Description and use of theories and models of their acceptance

The objective of this research is to understand, predict and explain what factors influence organizations and induce individuals to accept technology. Through the methodology of content analysis and based on the Web of Science database and through the MAXQDA software, this document analyzes and reviews the ten most important theories and models of technology acceptance used in recent years. This review offers a holistic view that will help future researchers to select the most appropriate theories to apply to their field of study.
Toward exploring a new path for parenting within a digital environment: an investigation of Korean fathers’ online involvement in parenting

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate fathers’ online involvement in parenting focusing on the process of promoting and supporting children’s lives using computers or smart devices. For this purpose, 411 Korean fathers raising young children participated in a survey. The results showed a marginally low level of online involvement in parenting. Among the five sub-constructs of fathers’ online involvement in parenting, the highest and lowest mean scores were found in ‘sharing responsibility’ and ‘educational involvement’ respectively. Concerning group differences in fathers’ online involvement in parenting, only education and income showed statistically significant differences. Specifically, the fathers with higher levels of education and income showed more active online involvement in parenting. A cluster analysis was conducted to determine whether fathers’ groups showed distinct patterns of online involvement. The results revealed four definable groups: ‘low involvement’, ‘easy-task involvement’, ‘active involvement’, and ‘spousal communication’. Implications for policy development facilitating fathers’ online involvement in parenting were discussed.
An Improved Algorithm for Label Propagation Based on Rough Core

: Complex networks are a hot topic in social science research today. Analyzing the structure of the relationships embedded in them through community discovery techniques is an important tool for the study of complex networks. To address the randomness problem of label propagation in label propagation algorithms, this paper proposes an improved algorithm for label propagation based on rough kernels. The algorithm first performs the extraction of rough kernels and assigns unique labels to each rough kernel to achieve fast label preprocessing; then intervenes in the label propagation process through the ranking of node influence to reduce its randomness and make the division results more stable; finally, the community division is performed by the distribution of network labels. Experiments are conducted in real networks, and the results show that the combined performance of the method in this paper is better than the traditional labeling algorithm in terms of modularity and NMI metrics, and the proposed improved algorithm leads to improved community division results.
On the numerical implementation of discrete finite Hilbert transform for image reconstruction

The finite Hilbert transform plays an essential role in the recently developed derivative back projection (DBP) image reconstruction methods. The accuracy of the numerical methods in implementing the finite Hilbert transform has a significant impact on the reconstruction algorithms' performance. A number of numerical implementations using linear and sinc interpolation kernels have been developed to carry out the Hilbert transform. In this study, we propose a new numerical method using a non-linear interpolation kernel to implement the finite Hilber transform. We evaluate the performance of the proposed non-linear implementation of the finite Hilbert transform in DBP image reconstruction and compare it with that of the implementations using the linear and sinc interpolation kernels, in which the contrast-to-noise ratio, noise power spectrum and modulation transfer function are investigated. The preliminary results show that the finite Hilbert transform implemented with the nonlinear interpolation kernel exhibits slightly better noise performance than the ones implemented with the linear or sinc interpolation.
Distribution functions containing a Gaussian factor

Received by the editors November 14, 1952. l Research supported in part by a grant from the Office of Naval Research. 2 All integrals which occur henceforth are doubly infinite, and their limits are omitted. Similarly in all sums the limits are to be taken from 0 to o. 3 This cani be replaced by uniformity in finite intervals without altering the proofs. It would be most desirable to drop the requirement of uniformity altogether.
Active lateral spreads monitoring system in East-Central Sardinia

ABSTRACT In Italy, landslides are one of the main geological hazards. Sometimes urban areas are affected by deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DGSDs) that can lead to a potentially catastrophic failure and trigger a secondary collateral landslide. In these cases, monitoring is important for early warning and risk reduction. In this study, we analyzed DGSDs, in particular, lateral spreads, and landslides in the inhabited areas of Ulassai, in eastern-central Sardinia. Starting from high-resolution geostructural and geomorphological surveys of lateral spread, integrated with high-resolution digital elevation models acquired by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), we created geological 3D models of the slope deformations. To better understand the kinematics and temporal evolution of unstable slope deformation, a monitoring system, consisting of Space-borne Interferometric Persistent Scatter Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR), GNSS antennas, tiltmeters, and extensometers, was performed. PS-InSAR analysis confirmed by GNSS periodic measurement identified downslope movement of up to 10 mm per year in the lateral spread. Continuous acquisition by extensometers and tiltmeter recorder displacement in large block inclinations and opening and closing of fractures since 2021. Integrated data analysis will be essential to define the threshold for a future 24/7 early-warning system.
Un‐yielding: Evidence for the agriculture transformation we need

There has been a seismic shift in the center of gravity of scientific writing and thinking about agriculture over the past decades, from a prevailing focus on maximizing yields toward a goal of balancing trade‐offs and ensuring the delivery of multiple ecosystem services. Maximizing crop yields often results in a system where most benefits accrue to very few (in the form of profits), alongside irreparable environmental harm to agricultural ecosystems, landscapes, and people. Here, we present evidence that an un‐yielding, which we define as de‐emphasizing the importance of yields alone, is necessary to achieve the goal of a more Food secure, Agrobiodiverse, Regenerative, Equitable and just (FARE) agriculture. Focusing on yields places the emphasis on one particular outcome of agriculture, which is only an intermediate means to the true endpoint of human well‐being. Using yields as a placeholder for this outcome ignores the many other benefits of agriculture that people also care about, like health, livelihoods, and a sense of place. Shifting the emphasis to these multiple benefits rather than merely yields, and to their equitable delivery to all people, we find clear scientific evidence of win‐wins for people and nature through four strategies that foster FARE agriculture: reduced disturbance, systems reintegration, diversity, and justice (in the form of securing rights to land and other resources). Through a broad review of the current state of agriculture, desired futures, and the possible pathways to reach them, we argue that while trade‐offs between some ecosystem services in agriculture are unavoidable, the same need not be true of the end benefits we desire from them.
A mixture model for multivariate extremes

Summary. The spectral density function plays a key role in fitting the tail of multivariate extre‐mal data and so in estimating probabilities of rare events. This function satisfies moment con‐straints but unlike the univariate extreme value distributions has no simple parametric form. Parameterized subfamilies of spectral densities have been suggested for use in applications, and non‐parametric estimation procedures have been proposed, but semiparametric models for multivariate extremes have hitherto received little attention. We show that mixtures of Dirichlet distributions satisfying the moment constraints are weakly dense in the class of all non‐parametric spectral densities, and discuss frequentist and Bayesian inference in this class based on the EM algorithm and reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. We illustrate the ideas using simulated and real data.
A guide to prenatal counseling regarding neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease

Advances in cardiac surgical techniques taking place over the past 50 years have resulted in the vast majority of children born with congenital cardiac malformations now surviving into adulthood. As the focus shifts from survival to the functional outcomes of our patients, it is increasingly being recognized that a significant proportion of patients undergoing infant cardiac repair experience adverse neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes. The etiology of abnormal brain development in the setting of congenital heart disease is poorly understood, complex, and likely multifactorial. Furthermore, the efficacy of therapies available for the learning disabilities, attention deficit, and hyperactivity disorders and other ND deficits complicating congenital heart disease is currently uncertain. This situation presents a challenge for prenatal counseling as current antenatal testing does not usually provide prognostic information regarding the likely ND trajectories of individual patients. However, we believe it is important for parents to be informed about potential issues with child development when a new diagnosis of congenital heart disease is disclosed. Parents deserve a comprehensive and thoughtful approach to this subject, which conveys the uncertainties involved in predicting the severity of any developmental disorders encountered, while emphasizing the improvements in outcomes that have already been achieved in infants with congenital heart disease. A balanced approach to counseling should also discuss what local arrangements are in place for ND follow‐up. This review presents an up‐to‐date overview of ND outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease, providing possible approaches to communicating this information to parents during prenatal counseling in a sensitive and accurate manner.
Structural origin of misorientation-independent superconducting behavior at [001] twist boundaries in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}}

A systematic investigation of the structure and properties of [001] twist boundaries was made in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} bicrystals. Contrary to conventional wisdom, all these boundaries, regardless of their misorientation angle, carried almost the same critical current as their constituent single crystals at magnetic fields up to 9t. The origin of this misorientation-independent superconducting behavior at twist boundaries was sought by detailed structural characterization using high-resolution and nanoprobe transmission-electron microscopy. The robust electromagnetic properties of these grain boundaries were mainly attributed to the high anisotropy of the crystals, and to the softness of the double BiO layers at the boundaries which allow the CuO{sub 2} layers adjacent to the boundary plane to remain undisturbed. The structural characteristics of these boundaries are identical to those found in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8+{delta}} and Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 10+{delta}} tapes, suggesting that the large-angle [001] twist boundaries are not a current-limiting obstacle in this important conductor. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Economic voting and state-business relations in OECD countries

ABSTRACT Regarding the variance of economic voting, the literature draws on various political institutions and individual-level contexts but pays little attention on how to comprehensively analyze political and economic spheres. Given that politics and economy are closely intertwined by resource acquisition and allocation, this study proposes state-business relations (SBR) to explain the variance across countries. The empirical analysis of 31 OECD countries from 1995 to 2019 confirms that the SBR’s explanatory power is significant as a coordination mechanism in a country and moderates political and economic contexts. This study highlights the importance of systematic integration of political and economic spheres and calls for additional efforts to elaborate the nuance of SBR in economic voting across countries.
The VSOP Survey: final aggregate results

Abstract In February 1997 the Japanese radio astronomy satellite HALCA was launched to provide the space-borne element for the VSOP mission. HALCA provided linear baselines three-times greater than that of ground arrays, thus providing higher resolution and higher AGN brightness temperature measurements and limits. Twenty-five percent of the scientific time of the mission was devoted to the “VSOP survey” of bright, compact, extra-galactic radio sources at 5 GHz. A complete list of 294 survey targets were selected from pre-launch surveys, 91% of which were observed during the satellite's lifetime. The major goals of the VSOP Survey are statistical in nature: to determine the brightness temperature and approximate structure, to provide a source list for use with future space VLBI missions, and to compare radio properties with other data throughout the electro-magnetic spectrum. All the data collected have now been analysed and is being prepared for the final image Survey paper. In this paper we present details of the mission, and some statistics of the images and brightness temperatures.
Adsorption and collapse of self-avoiding walks and polygons in three dimensions

We consider self-avoiding walks and polygons on the simple cubic lattice, confined to the half-space and interacting with the plane z = 0. In addition there is a short-range vertex - vertex interaction in the walk or polygon which can lead to a collapse transition. We explore the interaction between collapse and adsorption in these systems, and discuss the form of the phase diagram. Key results include a proof of the existence of an adsorption transition for polygons for every value of the vertex - vertex interaction, a corresponding proof for walks when the vertex - vertex interaction term is repulsive, and a proof that if polygons exhibit a collapse transition, then the phase boundary between the expanded and desorbed phase and the collapsed and desorbed phase must be a straight line.
BURSTING, SPIKING, CHAOS, FRACTALS, AND UNIVERSALITY IN BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS

Biological systems offer many interesting examples of oscillations, chaos, and bifurcations. Oscillations in biology arise because most cellular processes contain feedbacks that are appropriate for generating rhythms. These rhythms are essential for regulating cellular function. In this tutorial review, we treat two interesting nonlinear dynamic processes in biology that give rise to bursting, spiking, chaos, and fractals: endogenous electrical activity of excitable cells and Ca2+ releases from the Ca2+ stores in nonexcitable cells induced by hormones and neurotransmitters. We will first show that each of these complex processes can be described by a simple, yet elegant, mathematical model. We then show how to utilize bifurcation analyses to gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms involved in the neuronal and cellular oscillations. With the bifurcating diagrams, we explain how spiking can be transformed to bursting via a complex type of dynamic structure when the key parameter in the model varies. Understanding how this parameter would affect the bifurcation structure is important in predicting and controlling abnormal biological rhythms. Although we describe two very different dynamic processes in biological rhythms, we will show that there is universality in their bifurcation structures.
Light absorption and field enhancement in two-dimensional arrays of closely spaced silver nanoparticles

The absorption of visible light by silver nanoparticles in two-dimensional arrays is investigated using a finite difference time domain algorithm. The results of the calculations show that for all shapes considered, spheres and triangular and rectangular prisms, there is reduced absorption when the particles become more densely packed within the array. The effect is seen to be more pronounced for rectangular and triangular prisms. Investigation of the electromagnetic field very close to the tip of the prism shows that the intensity is very sensitive to the separation between the nanoparticles, with the electric field increasing significantly as the spacing between the particles reduces.
Magnetic moments and Curie temperatures of Ni and Co thin films and coupled trilayers

We present x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements on single layers, bilayers, and trilayers consisting of Ni, Co, and Cu. Using XMCD sum rules, spin and orbital contributions to the total magnetic moment were determined for 2.1 ML Co and 4 ML Ni single layers on Cu(001). In accordance with theory for Co, both spin and orbital moments show an enhancement. In the case of Ni, both spin and orbital moments were reduced. The total magnetic moment of the 4 ML Ni film reduces by a factor of 2 as compared to the Ni bulk. The Curie temperature of both Ni and Co were found to reduce upon capping with Cu. In trilayers, the shape of the Ni magnetization curves were found to be influenced through exchange coupling due to the presence of Co.
Off-Line Comparison of Classical and Robust Flight Simulator Motion Control

This paper presents a comparisonof themotionproducedby a  ight simulatorusing conventionalwashout  lters and a novel robust controller. Both approaches are implemented in an off-line MATLABTM/Simulink simulation that includes amodel of an electrically driven synergisticmotion-base  ight simulator. To evaluatethe performance of these motion-base control approaches, the authors simulated the Boeing 747 airliner using a nonlinearmodel of its dynamics. The motion experienced by the aircraft pilot is compared to that experienced by the simulator pilot, using both control approaches. Additionally, the model used for the simulatormotion base is adjusted to represent two different scenarios: a highand a low- delity motion system. It is shown that the two control approaches reasonably track themotion of the aircraft, within the limitationsof the motion base, but that the robust controller is able to compensate for variations in the  delity of the motion system.
Determining and Depicting Relationships Among Components in High-Dimensional Variable Selection

Many modern treatments of high-dimensional datasets involve reducing the initial collection of features to a much smaller set, from which a predictive model may be built. However, strong relationships between the remaining variables can limit the parsimony or even the predictive performance of such a model. We propose a semi-automatic approach using generalized correlation to detect and quantify these relationships, as well as exploring ways to represent this information graphically. The method can detect both symmetric and asymmetric relationships, as well as nonlinear patterns. Its utility is demonstrated on a range of real and simulated datasets. Supplemental material for performing the real-data analyses in this article is available online.
Plantation understorey legume functional groups enhance soil organic carbon sequestration by promoting species richness

Despite evidence showing that plant diversity or tree mixtures increase carbon storage in experimental grasslands or mixed forests, the effects of understorey plant communities on changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage in planted forests remain unclear, especially for monoculture plantations. Therefore, based on field observations in monoculture plantations on the Loess Plateau in China, we investigated the direct effects of understorey species richness (USR) and plantation age on SOC storage, and identified the indirect effects of understorey legume species richness (ULSR) and soil moisture (SM) mediated by USR. Results indicated that plantation age and USR significantly increased SOC sequestration with almost equal effects. The changes in the relationship between USR and SOC storage varied along the water availability gradient, from significantly positive (in plots with SM ≤11.14%) to insignificant (in plots with SM >11.14%). We observed that ULSR could increase SOC sequestration by promoting USR, while SM had negative and positive effects on ULSR and USR, respectively. Our findings can provide insights into plantation management in semiarid regions: Thinning mature plantations and introducing understorey legumes can increase SOC sequestration and maintain water resource sustainability.