Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning Adaptive Control of a UUV Using a Bio-Inspired Experience Replay Mechanism

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods are increasingly being applied in Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) providing adaptive control responses to environmental disturbances. However, in physical platforms, these methods are hindered by their inherent data inefficiency and performance degradation when subjected to unforeseen process variations. This is particularly notorious in UUV manoeuvring tasks, where process observability is limited due to the complex dynamics of the environment in which these vehicles operate. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel Biologically-Inspired Experience Replay method (BIER), which considers two types of memory buffers: one that uses incomplete (but recent) trajectories of state-action pairs, and another that emphasises positive rewards. The BIER method’s ability to generalise was assessed by training neural network controllers for tasks such as inverted pendulum stabilisation, hopping, walking, and simulating halfcheetah running from the Gym-based Mujoco continuous control benchmark. BIER was then used with the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) method on UUV manoeuvring tasks to stabilise the vehicle at a given velocity and pose under unknown environment dynamics. The proposed method was evaluated through simulated scenarios in a ROS-based UUV Simulator, progressively increasing in complexity. These scenarios varied in terms of target velocity values and the intensity of current disturbances. The results showed that BIER outperformed standard Experience Replay (ER) methods, achieving optimal performance twice as fast as the latter in the assumed UUV domain.
Applications of Machine Learning in Phylogenetics

Machine learning has increasingly been applied to a wide range of questions in phylogenetic inference. Supervised machine learning approaches that rely on simulated training data have been used to infer tree topologies and branch lengths, to select substitution models, and to perform downstream inferences of introgression and diversification. Here, we review how researchers have used several promising machine learning approaches to make phylogenetic inferences. Despite the promise of these methods, several barriers prevent supervised machine learning from reaching its full potential in phylogenetics. We discuss these barriers and potential paths forward. In the future, we expect that the application of careful network designs and data encodings will allow supervised machine learning to accommodate the complex processes that continue to confound traditional phylogenetic methods.
Komunikasi Hyperpersonal dalam Chatting Anonim Pengguna Bot Anonymous Chat di Telegram

Fenomena chatting anonim semakin popular di masa pandemi dan dianggap dapat menjadi tempat untuk curhat atau sekadar mengobrol dengan orang lain. Salah satu platform chatting anonim yang menarik perhatian adalah bot Anonymous Chat Telegram. Tak jarang ditemui cerita pengalaman dari pengguna bot ini yang berhasil membangun hubungan interpersonal secara intim meski dengan identitas anonim. Sejalan dengan hal itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan interaksi dalam komunikasi hyperpersonal yang terjadi pada pengguna bot Anonymous Chat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis teori CMC model komunikasi hyperpersonal milik Walther. Data didapatkan melalui wawancara mendalam kepada 6 pengguna bot Anonymous Chat yang melakukan percakapan minimal sebanyak lima sampai sepuluh kali. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi hyperpersonal yang dilakukan pengguna bot Anonymous Chat Telegram melewati proses dialektika manajemen yang unik dan cukup berbeda dengan asumsi Walther. Meski dalam kondisi anonim, pengguna melakukan pengungkapan diri secara parsial, presentasi diri yang lebih jujur, bebas dalam menggunakan bot, atribusi ketika identitas lawan bicara teridentifikasi, serta menerima umpan balik yang berpengaruh pada keputusan terhadap kelanjutan suatu hubungan.
Measuring Students’ and Teachers’ Attitude towards Research at University Level

The research culture is a basic element for higher institutions at the global level, especially in social sciences subjects’ research as a compulsory subject taught in the universities of Pakistan. Through this study, it has been tried to measure the students’ and teachers’ attitudes towards research by using a semantic differential scale. The survey research design was used to collect data and to find the attitudes of the students and teachers. Two universities were selected as the population of the research. One university was selected from the public sector, and another from the private sector. From the overall population, two fifty (250) students (male & female) and one fifty (150) teachers (male & female) were selected as the sample of the research. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the attitudes of teachers and students toward research. Furthermore, the results of the study recommended that teachers are the reflection of their students, and positive and productive attitudes of teachers foster students towards research. The content writing and research attitude are mutually interlinked. In this way, efforts should be needed to create reading and investigating behaviours among university students to create a research environment.
Indication of Strontium Isotope for the Deep Geothermal Water

Taking previous data about hydrochemistry and oxygen- deuterium isotope into consideration,the paper makes a study on geothermal water in Guanzhong basin by analyzing Sr content and Sr /86Sr ratio of it. The result indicates that geothermal water in northwest of Xianli faulted terrace,south of Xi'an sag,north of Xi'an sag and southeast of Xi'anli faulted terrace respectively is circular,half circular- half trapped and relative trapped. 18 Oflowing phenomenon is significant in north of Guanzhong basin,Xianyang,Xi'an and Gushi,which are deviate from the local meteoric water line( LMWL). Before flowing,the component of geothermal water in the four place is in consistence with surface water and atmospheric precipitation.The conclusion is changes in chemical component of geothermal water in Guanzhong basin is affected by lixiviation of carbonate rock,sulphate rock and silicate rock.
Sensory experiences in heritage contexts: A qualitative approach

This study explores the sensory experience at heritage sites from the visitors' perspective. A qualitative and exploratory approach was used, considering two data collection methods: semi-structured interviews and in situ focus groups. This empirical study was conducted in the Algarve region, a southern Portugal's sea and sun destination. The data was compiled and analyzed through a thematic content with QSR NVivo 12. The findings suggest that managers should explore and understand tangible, intangible (or immaterial) elements that influence visitors' experiences, attitudes, and behaviours toward the physical environment. In this sense, managers must converge efforts to highlight the sensory cues intrinsic to each site. Furthermore, considering the scarce research addressing sensory experiences in heritage contexts, this study contributes to the literature by exploring the role of the sensory dimension of experiencing a monument that is one of the main attractions in a seasonal mass tourism destination. A framework is presented, which can help managers to design sensory experiences in a built heritage context and assist researchers in future studies. In addition to that, this research also provides some practical implications for management and depicts several leads to future research.
A coupled model study of the remote influence of enso on tropical Atlantic sst variability

A Coupled Model Study of the Remote Influence of ENSO on Tropical Atlantic SST Variability. (May 2005) Yue Fang, B.S., Ocean University of China; M.S., First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Ping Chang To investigate the tropical Atlantic response to the remote El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forcing, a Reduced Physics – Coupled Global Circulation Model (RP-CGCM) is developed, and four experiments are carried out. The results show that the RP-CGCM is capable of capturing the major features of Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) and its response to ENSO forcing. The SST response to the remote influence of ENSO may be divided into two stages. In stage one, the ENSO influences the tropical Atlantic SST primarily through the Troposphere Temperature (TT) mechanism, which predicts a uniform warming in the tropical Atlantic following the mature phase of El Nino. In the north tropical Atlantic (NTA), the Walker mechanism and the Pacific-North-American (PNA) mechanism work in concert with the TT-induced warming, giving rise to a robust SST response during the boreal spring in this region. In the south tropical Atlantic (STA), the southeasterly wind anomaly and increased stratus clouds work against the TT-induced warming, resulting in a much weaker SST response in this region. At this stage, the response can be largely explained by the ocean mixed layer response to changes in surface heat fluxes induced by ENSO. In stage two, ocean dynamics play a more active role in determining the evolution of SST. The cross-equatorial wind anomaly in the western to central equatorial Atlantic can change the SST in the eastern equatorial Atlantic through Bjerknes feedback and the SST in the central equatorial Atlantic through Ekman feedback. These feedback result in a cooling of SST in the equatorial south Atlantic (ESA) region which
Anglicisms: Towards defining their concept and typology

Although Anglicisms 1 have been the subject of research for quite some time now, their definition in the literature sometimes tends to be somewhat inexplicit, and there are points of disagreement, especially regarding their classification and the distinction between their types. This paper advocates a uniform, consistent approach to defining loans (Anglicisms) and their typology in terms of an interplay between three criterial features which are transferred in, and thereby constitute, (lexical) borrowing: concept, model, and form. Their combination results in seven feature patterns or loan types (both mono-and bilingual), which the paper correlates and compares with standard categories of Anglicisms found in the literature and illustrates using examples from Czech.
SGVM: Semantic-Guided Variational Model for Sealing Nail Defect Extraction Within Albedo Domain via Photometric Stereo

Automatic 2D vision-based defect detection on sealing nail (SealN) surfaces is challenging due to interference of complex backgrounds with non-homogeneous and low contrast between foreground and background. Inspired by an interesting observation that the albedo domain recovered by the uncalibrated photometric stereo (UPS) shows obvious differences and significant abruptness between defects’ and non-defects’ regions, we develop a novel semantic-guided variational model (SGVM) to conditional extract structural defects from albedo map. Specifically, SGVM utilizes one developed global regularized label indicator to semantically guide one local regularized relative Gaussian filter (RGF) for achieving large-scale structures (i.e., defects) preservation and small-scale textures (i.e., background) suppression. Furthermore, defects can be efficiently extracted by thresholding the structure map within the label indicator. Additionally, experimental results on numerous challenging defect images reveal that the proposed SGVM outperforms the existing advanced 2D methods in terms of defect extraction.
Tourism in Small Islands and Microstates

DAVID HARRISON is Professor (Tourism, Culture and Development), at the University of North London. Having taught Sociology at the University of Sussex for many years, he moved to coordinate the Tourism Studies Programme at the University of the South Pacific, Fiji. He has researched tourism's impacts in the Caribbean, southern Africa, Bulgaria and the Pacific. Author of The Sociology of Modernization and Development (1987), editor of Tourism and the Less Developed Countries (1992) and co-editor of Sustainable Tourism in Islands and Small States: Case Studies (1996), he recently edited Tourism and the Less Developed Countries: Issues and Cases (2001) and is currently editing a book on tourism in the South Pacific.
Use of hemp waste for the development of mycelium-grown matrix biocomposites: A concise bibliographic review

Mycelium from fungi can serve as the matrix or as a self-grown binder in a biocomposite. The reinforcing component may consist of various combinations of agro-based waste in short fiber or powder form. The complexity of their development is linked not only to the selection of the substrate, but also to the growth conditions of the mycelial material and its consolidation in a final form by the temperature increase that takes place. These materials have initially been proposed as a replacement for polystyrene foams, and the characterization is concentrated on compression performance and acoustic and thermal insulation properties. The present review concentrates on substrates that originated from the large productive system based on hemp (shives or hurds, waste fibers, and mats). Attention is paid to the performance obtained and to the amount of waste that is possibly employed to serve as the substrate.
Pulsed I–V Analysis of Slow Domain Switching in Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 Using Graphene FETs

In this study, the domain switching mechanism of ferroelectric HZO thin films is investigated by analyzing the bulk charge of a graphene field‐effect transistor with an HZO dielectric device by using a pulsed IV measurement method. The domain switching speed, which is generally difficult to observe from a typical DC‐IV analysis of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors using a parameter analyzer, is investigated via the fast pulsed IV analysis method. Based on the measurements, most of the ferroelectric HZO domains are fast switched within 100 ns; however, domains that require a longer switching time in the order of 1 ms are also identified. Short pulses can be continuously applied to minimize the influence of other domains that are not switched by the switched domain. The feasibility of partial switching of the domains, which can be utilized for the multi‐functional operation of ferroelectric HZO devices, is observed. The results suggest that further investigation of the physical properties of slow‐switching domains is necessary to develop future synaptic array applications.
A Preliminary Investigation of Salmonella Populations in Indigenous Portuguese Layer Hen Breeds

Simple Summary Salmonellosis is the second most reported gastrointestinal disorder in the European Union, resulting from the consumption of Salmonella-contaminated foods. Chickens are considered reservoirs of this pathogen among food-producing animals, for which hygienic and sanitary measures mitigate the risk to humans through the food chain. However, data about the presence of this pathogen in autochthonous Portuguese chickens or their by-products is scarce. In this context, the aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in autochthonous Portuguese laying hens raised in a semi-extensive system for small-scale production. The screening revealed an absence of Salmonella spp. in all cloaca, eggshell, and litter material samples collected (n = 279) from the 31 selected flocks. Considering these results and the fact that Salmonella is still the leading cause of food-borne outbreaks, the risk posed by Portuguese autochthonous chicken breeds produced through alternative and extensive farming methods can be considered low. However, this risk should not be neglected and needs to be further investigated, using a larger sample size, to validate this trend. Abstract The sustainability of agroecological systems, biodiversity protection, animal welfare, and consumer demand for higher quality products from alternative and extensive farming methods have reinforced interest in local breeds that are well adapted to low-input environments. However, food safety needs to be safeguarded to reinforce consumer confidence. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggshells, hen’s cloaca, and litter materials from autochthonous Portuguese laying hens raised in a semi-extensive system for small-scale production. A total of 279 samples from 31 flocks belonging to 12 farms were obtained, with 63 samples from the “Preta Lusitânica” breed, and 72 samples each from the remaining autochthonous breeds, namely, “Branca”, “Amarela”, and “Pedrês Portuguesa”. None (0%) of the samples analyzed were positive for Salmonella spp. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first results of Salmonella evaluation from hen’s cloaca, eggshells, and litter materials in autochthonous Portuguese chickens, suggesting that a semi-extensive production system can contribute to better food security and a lower risk to public health and the environment.
The relationships between anglers' risk perception, sensation-seeking, and fishing site choice along the northeast and Yilan Coast Scenic Area, Taiwan

—The northeastern coast is one of the best fishing areas in Taiwan, but the terrain, weather, and tides can create a dangerous and even deadly environment. This study examines the relationships between anglers’ risk perceptions, sensation seeking, and fishing site choices. Results from a survey conducted at Long-Don in 2005 were analyzed for four dimensions of Sensation Seeking: “Thrill and Adventure Seeking,” “Experience Seeking,” “Disinhibition,” and “Boredom Susceptibility. ” Anglers at three locations perceived risks that varied with the study spots. Resource managers can help provide safe angling opportunities by developing activities for anglers to substitute for sensation seeking during bad weather. Education programs may also help anglers prevent accidents through accurate risk perception while fishing.
Fast 2.5-D Loss Calculation for Round Litz Wires

Litz wire, which is used to suppress eddy current, always have complex structure. Solving its 3-D finite element model (FEM) requires high computational resources. This article presents a 2.5-D loss calculation method for round Litz wires, which do not need mesh. One pitch of Litz wire is set as an object. The exact structure is constructed by a recursive method and then is sliced into several sections per pitch. Each section is represented by a cross section area. Two-dimensional problems are solved based on an analytical method, which is based on magnetic vector potentials in quasi magneto-statics situation. One pitch of the Litz wire is approximately represented by the summation of 2-D problems. The proposed method is compared with 3-D FEM results, which shows the proposed method has good accuracy and fast computational speed.
Real-Time Monitoring of Animals and Environment in Broiler Precision Farming—How Robust Is the Data Quality?

Increasing digitalization in animal farming, commonly addressed as Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), offers benefits in terms of productivity, sustainability, reduced labor and improved monitoring of animal welfare. However, the large amounts of collected data must be stored, processed and evaluated in a proper way. In practice, challenges of continuous and exact data collection can arise, e.g., from air pollutants like dust occluding cameras and sensors, degrading material, the ever-present commotion caused by animals, workers and machines, regularly required maintenance or weak signal transmission. In this study, we analyzed the quality of multi-source spatio-temporal data from a broiler house with 8100 birds over a period of 31 months collected by the Farmer Assistant System (FAS). This is a ceiling-suspended robot equipped with several sensors and cameras that continuously collect data while moving through the barn. The data analysis revealed numerous irregularities: missing values, outliers, repetitive measurements, systematic errors, and temporal and spatial inconsistencies. About 40–50% of all records collected with the early version of the FAS had to be sorted out. The newer version of FAS provided cleaner data, although still about 10–20% of the data had to be removed. Our study has shown that where sophisticated technological systems meet a challenging environment, a thorough and critical review of data completeness and quality is crucial to avoid misinterpretation. The pipeline developed here is designed to help developers and farmers detect failures in signal processing and localize the problem in the hardware components. Scientists, industrial developers and farmers should work more closely together to develop new PLF technologies to more easily advance digitization in agriculture.
The quality of the fossil record: a sequence stratigraphic perspective

Abstract As paleobiology continues to address an ever broader array of questions, it becomes increasingly important to interpret confidently the meaning of the pattern of fossil occurrences as found in outcrop. To this end, sequence stratigraphy is an important tool for paleobiologists because it predicts the distribution of unconformities, facies changes, and changes in sedimentation rate, all factors known from numerous previous studies to affect the quality of the fossil record. Computer simulations now make it possible not only to model sequence architecture within sedimentary basins, but also to model the occurrence of fossils within those basins. These models generate predictions regarding the stratigraphic distribution of first and last occurrences, changes in species abundance, changes in species morphology, and the distribution of gaps in fossil ranges. Although confirmation of some of these predictions has been found in field studies, the extent to which these predictions describe the fossil record in general is still unknown. If the predicted patterns of fossil occurrences are found to be widespread, it will suggest that a relatively simple model of fossil occurrences in outcrops could become a new tool for solving a wide array of paleobiologic and biostratigraphic problems. With such models, paleobiologists and biostratigraphers will be able to use model data to test the accuracy of newly developed methods of analysis.
PERTOLONGAN PERTAMA PADA LUKA BAKAR

Luka bakar merupaakan luka yang terjadi akibat sentuhan permukaan tubuh dengan benda-benda yang menghasilkan panas (api, air panas, listrik) atau zat-zat yang bersifat membakar (asam kuat, basa kuat). Luka bakar dapat terjadi di mana saja, termasuk di rumah. Apabila luka bakar itu terjadi segera bisa dilakukan tindakan pertolongan pertama pada luka bakar yaitu dengan mendinginkan kulit terbakar dengan air mengalir selama kurang lebih 20 menit. Berdasarkan World Health Organization (WHO) (2020), memperkirakan bahwa terdapat 265.000 kematian yang terjadi setiap tahunnya diseluruh dunia akibat luka bakar. Kegiatan penyuluhan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa/i dalam pertolongan pertama pada luka bakar. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Pada kegiatan edukasi yang telah dilakukan pada siwa/i dengan jumlah peserta yang hadir 30 orang. Sebelum penyuluhan dimulai, siswa/i diberikan kuesioner untuk melihat pengetahuan sebelum dilakukan peyuluhan, kemudian diberikan materi terkait pertolongan pertama pada luka bakar. Hasil kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait pemberian pertolongan pertama pada luka bakar. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan pada kegiatan penyuluhan ini adalah masih banyak siswa/i belum mengetahui pertolongan pertama pada luka bakar. Diharapkan setelah kegiatan ini siswa/i mampu melakukan pertolongan pertama pada saat terkena luka bakar secara mandiri.