Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The need for unbiased genetic screens to dissect aggression in Drosophila melanogaster

Aggression is an evolutionarily conserved behavior present in most animals and is necessary for survival when competing for limited resources and mating partners. Studies have shown that aggression is modulated both genetically and epigenetically, but details of how the molecular and cellular mechanisms interact to determine aggressive behavior remain to be elucidated. In recent decades, Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model system to understand the mechanisms that regulate aggression. Surprisingly most of the findings discovered to date have not come from genetic screens despite the fly’s long and successful history of using screens to unravel its biology. Here, we highlight the tools and techniques used to successfully screen for aggression-linked behavioral elements in Drosophila and discuss the potential impact future screens have in advancing our knowledge of the underlying genetic and neural circuits governing aggression.
Responses of regulatory and effector T-cells to low-dose interleukin-2 differ depending on the immune environment after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a central role in the maintenance of immune tolerance after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Tregs promptly respond to low concentrations of IL-2 through the constitutive expression of high-affinity IL-2 receptors. It has been reported that low-dose IL-2 therapy increased circulating Tregs and improved clinical symptoms of chronic GVHD. Clinical studies of IL-2 therapy so far have mainly targeted patients in the chronic phase of transplantation when acute immune responses has subsided. However, the biological and clinical effects of exogenous IL-2 in an acute immune environment have not been well investigated. In the current study, we investigated the impact of exogenous IL-2 therapy on the post-transplant homeostasis of T cell subsets which influence the balance between GVHD and GVL in the acute phase, by setting the various immune environments early after HSCT in murine model. We initially found that 5,000 IU of IL-2 was enough to induce the active proliferation of Treg without influencing other conventional T cells (Tcons) when administered to normal mice. However, activated Tcons showed the response to the same dose of IL-2 in recipients after allogeneic HSCT. In a mild inflammatory environment within a threshold, exogenous IL-2 could effectively modulate Treg homeostasis with just limited influence to activated T cells, which resulted in an efficient GVHD suppression. In contrast, in a severely inflammatory environment, exogenous IL-2 enhanced activated T cells rather than Tregs, which resulted in the exacerbation of GVHD. Of interest, in an immune-tolerant state after transplant, exogenous IL-2 triggered effector T-cells to exert an anti-tumor effect with maintaining GVHD suppression. These data suggested that the responses of Tregs and effector T cells to exogenous IL-2 differ depending on the immune environment in the host, and the mutual balance of the response to IL-2 between T-cell subsets modulates GVHD and GVL after HSCT. Our findings may provide useful information in the optimization of IL-2 therapy, which may be personalized for each patient having different immune status.
A thousand metagenome-assembled genomes of Akkermansia reveal phylogroups and geographical and functional variations in the human gut

Akkermansia muciniphila has long been considered to be the only Akkermansia species in the human gut and has been extensively studied. The present study revealed the genomic architecture of Akkermansia in the human gut by analyzing 1,126 near-complete metagenome-assembled genomes, 84 publicly available genomes, and 1 newly sequenced Akkermansia glycaniphila strain from the human gut. We found that 1) the genomes of Akkermansia were clustered into four phylogroups with distinct interspecies similarity and different genomic characteristics and 2) A. glycaniphila GP37, a strain of Akkermansia, was isolated from the human gut, whereas previously, it had only been found in python. Amuc III was present in the Chinese population, and Amuc IV was mainly distributed in Western populations. A large number of gene functions, pathways, and carbohydrate-active enzymes were specifically associated with phylogroups. Our findings based on over a thousand genomes strengthened our previous knowledge and provided new insights into the population structure and ecology of Akkermansia in the human gut.
Conceptual, methodological, and measurement factors that disqualify use of measurement invariance techniques to detect informant discrepancies in youth mental health assessments

On page 1 of his classic text, Millsap (2011) states, “Measurement invariance is built on the notion that a measuring device should function the same way across varied conditions, so long as those varied conditions are irrelevant [emphasis added] to the attribute being measured. ” By construction, measurement invariance techniques require not only detecting varied conditions but also ruling out that these conditions inform our understanding of measured domains (i.e., conditions that do not contain domain-relevant information). In fact, measurement invariance techniques possess great utility when theory and research inform their application to specific, varied conditions (e.g., cultural, ethnic, or racial background of test respondents) that, if not detected, introduce measurement biases, and, thus, depress measurement validity (e.g., academic achievement and intelligence). Yet, we see emerging bodies of work where scholars have “put the cart before the horse” when it comes to measurement invariance, and they apply these techniques to varied conditions that, in fact, may reflect domain-relevant information. These bodies of work highlight a larger problem in measurement that likely cuts across many areas of scholarship. In one such area, youth mental health, researchers commonly encounter a set of conditions that nullify the use of measurement invariance, namely discrepancies between survey reports completed by multiple informants, such as parents, teachers, and youth themselves (i.e., informant discrepancies). In this paper, we provide an overview of conceptual, methodological, and measurement factors that should prevent researchers from applying measurement invariance techniques to detect informant discrepancies. Along the way, we cite evidence from the last 15 years indicating that informant discrepancies reflect domain-relevant information. We also apply this evidence to recent uses of measurement invariance techniques in youth mental health. Based on prior evidence, we highlight the implications of applying these techniques to multi-informant data, when the informant discrepancies observed within these data might reflect domain-relevant information. We close by calling for a moratorium on applying measurement invariance techniques to detect informant discrepancies in youth mental health assessments. In doing so, we describe how the state of the science would need to fundamentally “flip” to justify applying these techniques to detect informant discrepancies in this area of work.
Changes in working memory performance and cortical activity during acute aerobic exercise in young adults

This study aimed to examine the concurrent performance of working memory and cortical activity during acute aerobic exercise in young adults. In a crossover study design, 27 young adults (mean age = 22.7 ± 3.4 years, 15 women) participated in two experimental conditions in a randomized order: (1) sitting condition (without exercise) and (2) cycling condition (moderate-intensity exercise). Working memory was measured with a modified version of the n-back task. A functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure cortex activation. In the cycling condition, response time (RT) for the n-back task was significantly faster (p < 0.05). No differences in accuracy were observed between the sitting and cycling conditions. The fNIRS results showed that the oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations in the bilateral frontopolar area (p < 0.05), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05), and right premotor and supplementary cortex (p < 0.05) were decreased while cycling. The findings indicated that the concurrent performance of working memory was improved during acute aerobic exercise, whereas cortical activity was decreased in some brain regions.
Accepted for publication in EJNMMI 2009 for Kanazawa University Repository Cardiovascular events in Japanese asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes: A one-year interim report of a J-ACCESS 2 investigation using myocardial perfusion imaging

Purpose. Diabetic patients have a high risk for cardiovascular events. The role of myocardial perfusion imaging was investigated in asymptomatic diabetic patients to evaluate short-term prognosis in a Japanese population. Methods. A total of 506 asymptomatic patients ≥50 years of age who had carotid artery maximum intima-media thickness ≥1.1mm, urinary albumin excretion of ≥30mg/ g creatinine, with additional criteria of abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride level and hypertension were enrolled and followed up over a3-year period. Gated SPECT with stress-rest protocol was performed and analyzed by summed defect scores and QGS software. One-year cardiovascular events were analyzed. Results. Myocardial ischemia was observed in 17% of patients, and abnormal perfusion findings of ischemia and/or scar were observed in 32% of patients. By the end of the one-year follow-up, 33 (6.5%) cardiovascular events occurred including 6 allcause deaths. Patients with summed stress score (SSS) >8 had a higher incidence of either death or cardiovascular events. Event-free survival rates for SSS 0-3, 4-8, 9-13 and ≥14 were 0.96, 0.95, 0.82 and 0.76, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that significant variables were SSS, history of cerebrovascular accident and electrocardiographic abnormality at rest. Conclusions. The one-year interim summary showed that cardiovascular events were significantly higher in patients with SPECT abnormality, although hard cardiac event rate was relatively low. Targeted treatment strategy is required for asymptomatic but potentially high-risk diabetic patients.
Evidence for CP violation in B + → K (cid:1) ð 892 + π 0 from a Dalitz plot analysis of B + → K 0 S π + π 0 decays

We report a Dalitz plot analysis of charmless hadronic decays of charged B mesons to the final state K 0 S π þ π 0 using the full BABAR data set of 470 . 9 (cid:3) 2 . 8 million B ¯ B events collected at the Υ ð 4 S Þ resonance. We measure the overall branching fraction and CP asymmetry to be B ð B þ → K 0 π þ π 0 Þ ¼ ð 31 . 8 (cid:3) 1 . 8 (cid:3) 2 . 1 þ 6 . 0 − 0 . 0 Þ × 10 − 6 and A CP ð B þ → K 0 π þ π 0 Þ ¼ 0 . 07 (cid:3) 0 . 05 (cid:3) 0 . 03 þ 0 . 02 − 0 . 03 , where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and due to the signal model, respectively. This is the first measurement of the branching fraction for B þ → K 0 π þ π 0 . We find first evidence of a CP asymmetry in B þ → K (cid:1) ð 892 Þ þ π 0 decays: A CP ð B þ → K (cid:1) ð 892 Þ þ π 0 Þ ¼ − 0 . 52 (cid:3) 0 . 14 (cid:3) 0 . 04 þ 0 . 04 − 0 . 02 . The significance of this asymmetry, including systematic and model uncertainties, is 3.4 standard deviations. We also measure the branching fractions and CP asymmetries for three other intermediate decay modes.
PT-symmetric microring lasers: Self-adapting broadband mode-selective resonators

We demonstrate experimentally that stable single longitudinal mode operation can be readily achieved in PT-symmetric arrangements of coupled microring resonators. Whereas any active resonator is in principle capable of displaying single-wavelength operation, selective breaking of PT-symmetry can be utilized to systematically enhance the maximum achievable gain of this mode, even if a large number of competing longitudinal or transverse resonator modes fall within the amplification bandwidth of the inhomogeneously broadened active medium. This concept is robust with respect to fabrication tolerances, and its mode selectivity is established without the need for additional components or specifically designed filters. Our results may pave the way for a new generation of versatile cavities lasing at a desired longitudinal resonance. Along these lines, traditionally highly multi-moded microring resonator configurations can be fashioned to suppress all but one longitudinal mode.
Aging and drug

Multiple interventions in the aging process have been discovered to extend the healthspan of model organisms. Both industry and academia are therefore exploring possible transformative molecules that target aging and age ‐ associated diseases. In this overview, we summarize the presented talks and discussion points of the 5th Annual Aging and Drug Discovery Forum 2018 in Basel, Switzerland. Here academia and industry came together, to discuss the latest progress and issues in aging research. The meeting covered talks about the mechanistic cause of aging, how longevity signatures may be highly conserved, emerging biomarkers of aging,
Standardizing " Hyper Vocabulary : " oo A Proposal

MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. *Definitions; Electronic Text; *Hypermedia; Multimedia Materials; Standards; *Vocabulary Vocabulary used to describe things that are "hyper" is very confusing. This paper discusses four factor which contribute to the confusion: the same idea is often described using different terms; even though people sometimes use the same terms, quite often they are referring to different ideas; people tend to confuse "hyperdocuments" with electronic documents; and the relationship among definitions of the vocabulary is often inconsistent. In addition, a set of standardized definitions is proposed. They include: (1) (sequential) text: documents presenting text to be used in a sequential manner; (2) hypertext: documents presenting text to be used in a nonsequential and/or sequential manner; (3) multimedia: documents presenting media to be used in a sequential manner; and (4) hypermedia: documents presenting media to be used in a nonsequential and/or sequential manner. The establishment of these definitions is based on three characteristics of documents: linearity, modality, and s ngularity. The three characteristics reflect the use of the terms "hyper," "medium," and "multi," respectively. Examples and comparisons of different types of documents are discussed. Four figures illustrate concepts. (Contains 12 references.)
Function of CD4 (cid:1) CD3 (cid:2) cells in relation to B- and T-zone stroma in spleen

Lymphocytes from lymphotoxin (LT) (cid:1) –deﬁcient mice, which lack segregation of their B- and T-cell areas, acquire normal organization following adoptive transfer into RAG-deﬁcient recipients, identify-ing a non-B non-T cell in the segregation process. Here we show that a CD4 (cid:2) CD3 (cid:3) accessory cell is tightly associated with discrete VCAM-1–expressing stromal cells in B- and T-cell areas of the mouse spleen. CD4 (cid:2) CD3 (cid:3) cells express high levels of LT (cid:1) , LT (cid:4) , and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (cid:1) , which are the ligands for the LT (cid:4) receptor and TNFR1 expressed by stromal cells. The expression of these ligands is functional, as transferring CD4 (cid:2) CD3 (cid:3) cells derived from either embryonic or adult tissues into LT (cid:1) deﬁcient mice organizes B/T segregation and up-regulates CCL21 protein expression in areas where T cells are segregated from B cells. We propose that the function of CD4 (cid:2) CD3 (cid:3) cells is to form a link between primed CD4 T cells and the underlyingstromalelements,creatingdis-tinct microenvironments in which they enable effector
An Improvement On Brooks' Theorem

We prove that �(G) � max � ! (G),�2(G), 5 (�(G) + 1) � for every graph G with �(G) � 3. Here �2 is the parameter introduced by Stacho that gives the largest degree that a vertex v can have subject to the condition that v is adjacent to a vertex whose degree is at least as large as its own. This upper bound generalizes both Brooks’ theorem and the Ore-degree version of Brooks’ theorem.
The architectures of media power: editing, the newsroom, and urban public space

This paper considers the relation of the newsroom and the city as a lens into the more general relation of production spaces and mediated publics. Leading theoretically from Lee and LiPuma’s (2002) notion of ‘cultures of circulation’, and drawing on an ethnography of the Toronto Star, the paper focuses on how media forms circulate and are enacted through particular practices and material settings. With its attention to the urban milieus and orientations of media organizations, this paper exhibits both affinities with but also differences to current interests in the urban architectures of media, which describe and theorize how media get ‘built into’ the urban experience more generally. In looking at editing practices situated in the newsroom, an emphasis is placed on the phenomenological appearance of media forms both as objects for material assembly as well as more abstracted subjects of reflexivity, anticipation and purposiveness. Although this is explored with detailed attention to the settings of the newsroom and the city, the paper seeks to also provide insight into the more general question of how publicness is material shaped and sited.
Hidden Complexities in Assessment of Glycemic Outcomes: Are Quality Rankings Aligned with Treatment?

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes Care. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes Care, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisherauthenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes Care in print and online at http://care.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Care Publish Ahead of Print, published online July 9, 2010
Electronic inhomogeneities in graphene: the role of the substrate interaction and chemical doping

We probe the local inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of graphene at the nanoscale using scanning probe microscopy techniques. First, we focus on the study of the electronic inhomogeneities caused by the graphene-substrate interaction in graphene samples exfoliated on silicon oxide. We find that charged impurities, present in the graphene-substrate interface, perturb the carrier density significantly and alter the electronic properties of graphene. This finding helps to understand the observed device-to-device variation typically observed in graphene-based electronic devices. Second, we probe the effect of chemical modification in the electronic properties of graphene, grown by chemical vapour deposition on nickel. We find that both the chemisorption of hydrogen and the physisorption of porphyrin molecules strongly depress the conductance at low bias indicating the opening of a bandgap in graphene, paving the way towards the chemical engineering of the electronic properties of graphene.
The Burkholderia pseudomallei (cid:1) asd Mutant Exhibits Attenuated Intracellular Infectivity and Imparts Protection against Acute Inhalation Melioidosis in Mice (cid:1)

Burkholderia pseudomallei , the cause of serious and life-threatening diseases in humans, is of national biodefense concern because of its potential use as a bioterrorism agent. This microbe is listed as a select agent by the CDC; therefore, development of vaccines is of signiﬁcant importance. Here, we further investigated the growth characteristics of a recently created B. pseudomallei 1026b (cid:1) asd mutant in vitro , in a cell model, and in an animal model of infection. The mutant was typiﬁed by an inability to grow in the absence of exogenous diaminopimelate (DAP); upon single-copy complementation with a wild-type copy of the asd gene, growth was restored to wild-type levels. Further characterization of the B. pseudomallei (cid:1) asd mutant revealed a marked decrease in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cytotoxicity compared to the wild type and the complemented (cid:1) asd mutant. RAW264.7 cells infected by the (cid:1) asd mutant did not exhibit signs of cytopathology or multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation, which were observed in wild-type B. pseudomallei cell infections. The (cid:1) asd mutant was found to be avirulent in BALB/c mice, and mice vaccinated with the mutant were protected against acute inhalation melioidosis. Thus, the B. pseudomallei (cid:1) asd mutant may be a promising live attenuated vaccine strain and a biosafe strain for consideration of exclusion from the select agent list.
Inﬂuence of Eccentricity on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Nuclear Reactor Coolant Pump under Di ﬀ erent Cavitation Conditions

: In order to study the inﬂuence of eccentricity on hydrodynamic characteristics of nuclear reactor coolant pump under di ﬀ erent cavitation conditions, ﬁve di ﬀ erent schemes were obtained by analyzing and optimizing the existing structural schemes. Based on the RNG k- ε model (Renormalization Group with k-epsilon turbulence models) and two-ﬂuid two-phase ﬂow model, the unsteady numerical analysis and test veriﬁcation of di ﬀ erent designed schemes are carried out by using the ﬂow ﬁeld software ANSYS CFX. The results of research show that di ﬀ erent eccentricities will a ﬀ ect the nuclear reactor coolant pump’s head under di ﬀ erent cavitation conditions, and the corresponding head in the scheme with the eccentricity of 5mm under the fracture cavitation condition is lower than that of the other schemes. When the impeller rotates at a certain angle from the initial position under critical and severe cavitation conditions, the radial force acting on the rotor system will ﬂuctuate greatly. Under the condition of fracture cavitation, the radial force changed periodically and the resultant force value is small. Compared to the original scheme, the peak value of radial force is 6 ◦ clockwise after eccentricity of the impeller appeared. With the aggravation of cavitation condition, the axial force value of impeller decreases, but the corresponding amplitude of the impeller increases. Under critical and severe cavitation conditions, the maximum axial force amplitude of the nuclear reactor coolant pump appears in the two times blade frequency, and in the broken cavitation condition, the maximum axial force amplitude appears at the shaft frequency. When the eccentricity is 20 mm, the axial force ﬂuctuates most under critical and severe cavitation conditions, and when the eccentricity is 10 mm, the corresponding axial force is smaller than that of the original scheme. When the eccentricity is 5 mm, the axial force on the impeller is the smallest, but the amplitude is the largest under the condition of fracture cavitation. ﬀ erent conditions of critical cavitation, severe cavitation and fracture cavitation.
The (local) lifting problem for curves

The lifting problem that we consider asks: given a smooth curve in characteristic p and a group of automorphisms, can we lift the curve, along with the automorphisms, to characteristic zero? One can reduce this to a local question (the so-called local lifting problem) involving continuous group actions on formal power series rings. In this expository article, we overview much of the progress that has been made toward determining when the local lifting problem has a solution, and we give a taste of the work currently being undertaken. Of particular interest is the case when the group of automorphisms is cyclic. In this case the lifting problem is expected to be solvable---this is the Oort conjecture.