Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN INVITRO EVALUATION OF APICAL LEAKAGE AFTER ROOT CANAL PREPARATION BY RC PREP

Materials & Methods: In this experimental invitro study the crown of 66 single-root extracted human adult teeth with minimum root curve and same diameter were resected and divided to 3 experimental groups and two control groups (test groups: 20 teeth, control groups: 3 teeth). The working length determined 1mm from the apex. The canals were prepared as follow: Group A: The canals were prepared by step back technique (MAF#40) and RC Prep, irrigated by 5cc Naocl 2.6% and obturated by AH26 and gutta percha via lateral condensation. Group B: The canals were prepared and obturated similar to group A without use of RC Prep. Group C: The canals were prepared like group A, but the irrigator was saline. Root canals of control groups were prepared like group A, but the canals of group D (positive control) were not obturated. Crowns of experimental groups and negative group were sealed by glass Ionomer. Then the surface of all roots except 2mm of apical end were covered by nail polish. Teeth were incubated in 37o c and 100% humidity for 24 hours, then centrifuged in India ink for 15 minute by 3000 rpm and soaked in it for 72 hours. They were mounted in polyster and sectioned buccolingually. The dye penetration was measured by stereomicroscope with 0.1mm accuracy. The data analyzed by ANOVA and DUNCAN test. Results: The results showed that there was a statistical difference between exprimental groups (P=0.011). This difference was between groups B & C (P=0.008) and leakage was lower in group C. Groups A & B, A & C did not have significant differences, statistically. Conclusion: RC-Prep as a lubricant and chelator doesn't have any effect on apical leakage and is useful for canal preparation by instruments. Key words: RC Prep, sodium hypochlorite, apical leakage.
Waste Elimination: The Common Denominator for Improving Operations

Waste is defined as anything other than the minimum amount of resources which are absolutely essential to add value to the product. Resources include equipment, parts, materials, space, energy, worker′s time, and so on. Explores six types of waste which are relevant to all types of operations. Presents ways to eliminate all six. Uses examples relevant to both manufacturing and services. Provides summary implications. Concludes that a systematic and continuous identification and elimination of waste should be used to increase efficiency, improve productivity and enhance competitiveness.
Work In Progress: Use of Social Software for Final Year Project Supervision at a Campus Based University

Different students approach tasks in a project differently. Supervisors need to devise ways of accommodating these differences, albeit the difficulties in identifying them. At the start of a project, a student may be a) Independent and need very little supervision, b) Collaborator and seek supervision as required, c) Poser who poses to be independent and may seek help later or the supervisor may need to identify and provide help, d) Dependent on the supervisor They do not however stay in these categories throughout the project. The supervisor must identify and help those students in categories other than (a). We present a novel mix of social software namely: Twitter and Wiki. The aim is to help supervisors in identifying their student’s needs thereby making them more flexible in dealing with different students. Students themselves get greater sense of ownership and community support from fellow students doing a project.
Host range of Lepidelphax pistiae (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and its potential impact on Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae)

ABSTRACT Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) is a floating aquatic plant that has become invasive in Florida. It is primarily controlled with herbicides, but two biocontrol agents have previously been released to assist in management of this species. A new potential biocontrol agent from Argentina, Lepidelphax pistiae Remes Lenicov (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), has been evaluated comprehensively for specificity after initial host range studies done in its native range indicated that it is likely specific to P. stratiotes. Host range studies indicated that this insect is specific to P. stratiotes, with no survival or reproduction occurring on any of the 42 other plant species tested. Impact studies indicated that this insect can significantly damage P. stratiotes at medium and high population densities, which were comparable to those seen in its native range. Lepidelphax pistiae is sufficiently specific enough to warrant release and has a high probability of aiding management of P. stratiotes populations in Florida. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Actuator line/Navier–Stokes computations for the MEXICO rotor: comparison with detailed measurements

In the European collaborative MEXICO (Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions) project, a series of experiments was carried out on a 4.5 m diameter wind turbine rotor to validate numerical diagnostics tools. Here, some of the measured data are compared with computations of the combined actuator line/Navier–Stokes (AL/NS) model developed at the Technical University of Denmark. The AL/NS model was combined with a large eddy simulation technique and used to compute the flow past the MEXICO rotor in free air and in the DNW German-Dutch wind tunnel for three commonly defined test cases at wind speeds of 10, 15 and 24 m s −1. Two sets of airfoil data were used. Comparisons of blade loadings showed that the AL/NS technique with the modified airfoil data is in better agreement with the measurements than with the original 2D airfoil data. Comparisons of detailed near-wake velocities showed good agreement with the measurements. Computations including the influence of the geometry of the wind tunnel showed that tunnel effects are not significant and the effect of the geometry of the wind tunnel only results in a speedup of 3% at a thrust coefficient of CT = 1.Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ASSOCIATION OF THE IMPACT OF POSTNATAL NUTRITION ON THE GROWTH OF PRETERM INFANTS <34 WEEKS GESTATIONAL AGE FROM BIRTH TO DISCHARGE

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the actual daily amount of each nutrient (protein, glucose, and fat) energy and fluid as per current ESPGHAN guidelines for preterm infants and to analyze the role of nutrients at different gestational age on growth and weight of preterm infants. Material and Methods: An observational and prospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. This study included all preterm infants born <34 weeks gestational age admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit during this period at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital. A total of 120 preterm neonates were studied. Results: There were mean weight, length, and head circumference continues to rise till the study end. Mean energy at birth was also continues to rise till the end. Conclusion: In the study, proper nutritional supplement as per ESPHAGEN guidelines was used for the development of preterm infant. The study showed that there were statistically significant results with anthropometry parameters with preterm baby growth in all domains.
Wideband feeds for the upgraded GMRT

This paper describes the existing feeds in use at the GMRT Observatory and details the ongoing development of next generation wideband feeds for the upgraded GMRT. The existing feeds include: feed with folded thick dipoles (for 150 MHz), dipole-disc feed (for 325 MHz), dual-band coaxial feed (for 233 MHZ and 610 MHz), and corrugated horn feed (for 1400–1450 MHz). The new broadband feeds covered in this paper are: cone-dipole feeds for 250–500 and 500–1000 MHz, wideband horn feed for 550–900 MHz, and dual ring feed for 130–260 MHz. Design techniques and performance results for these are described.
Statistical modelling at 20 GHz for fixed wireless access systems in urban multipath environments

For fixed wireless access systems in urban areas, reflection or scattering from building surfaces can cause propagation impairments and influence system planning, deployment and quality of service. A statistical model is presented for such fixed radio links operating at microwave and mm-wave frequencies to predict the radiowave propagation characteristics. The model considers the fundamental underlying propagation, where buildings give rise to multipath due to reflection or scattering. In addition, the model accounts for the antenna properties, including relative height, orientation and radiation patterns. Overall good agreement between the statistical properties of narrowband measurements and simulations is demonstrated.
The value and feasibility of proactive recycling

Photovoltaics (PV) technology has definite environmental advantages over competing electricity generation technologies, and so far these advantages have driven market penetration. The PV industry follows a pro-active approach to preserve its safe and environmentally friendly nature. Industrial ecology considerations raise the issue of what to do with the PV modules at the end of their useful life. One option is recycling. This paper discusses the value of proactive recycling and compares several alternatives.
Evaluating the Persistence of Post-Wildfire Ash: A Multi-Platform Spatiotemporal Analysis

As wildland fires amplify in size in many regions in the western USA, land and water managers are increasingly concerned about the deleterious effects on drinking water supplies. Consequences of severe wildfires include disturbed soils and areas of thick ash cover, which raises the concern of the risk of water contamination via ash. The persistence of ash cover and depth were monitored for up to 90 days post-fire at nearly 100 plots distributed between two wildfires in Idaho and Washington, USA. Our goal was to determine the most ‘cost’ effective, operational method of mapping post-wildfire ash cover in terms of financial, data volume, time, and processing costs. Field measurements were coupled with multi-platform satellite and aerial imagery collected during the same time span. The image types spanned the spatial resolution of 30 m to sub-meter (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, WorldView-2, and a drone), while the spectral resolution spanned visible through SWIR (short-wave infrared) bands, and they were all collected at various time scales. We that found several common vegetation and post-fire spectral indices were correlated with ash cover (r = 0.6–0.85); however, the blue normalized difference vegetation index (BNDVI) with monthly Sentinel-2 imagery was especially well-suited for monitoring the change in ash cover during its ephemeral period. A map of the ash cover can be used to estimate the ash load, which can then be used as an input into a hydrologic model predicting ash transport and fate, helping to ultimately improve our ability to predict impacts on downstream water resources.
Accident Proneness in the Industrial Setting

The central notion of the accident proneness concept is that people exposed to equivalent hazards do not have an equal number of accidents. If people were equally accident prone, one would expect accidents to be distributed according to chance. Using accident data collected at Shell Oil Company's Manufacturing Complex in Deer Park, Texas, the present study explored the proneness concept for major (OSHA recordable) and minor accidents by comparing the observed distribution of accidents to a chance distribution. The database contains information on 7131 accidents which occurred between 1981 and 1986. The methodology used to create expected values employed a Poisson distribution and assumed that accidents are distributed randomly among the population at risk. The minor accident data was also analyzed by job family. Chi-square analyses of the differences between the expected and observed distributions were found to be statistically significant, including within each job family. The data for minor accidents indicates a striking difference between the expected and actual distributions. Many more people suffered repeat accidents than would be predicted by chance. Approximately 3.4% of the employees accounted for 21.5% of the accidents. While the differences for major accidents was statistically significant, these results are not nearly so striking. The statistical effects are largely due to five employees who were involved in three major accidents in the five year period. In the context of this very large industrial setting, the problem of individuals having repeated minor accidents is significant and merits attention in developing safety interventions.
Reggae open source: how the absence of copyright enabled the emergence of popular music in Jamaica

Since 1960 a highly innovative form of music making has developed in Jamaica in the effective absence of copyright. It is argued that reggae music would actually never have emerged had copyright been implemented on the island. Quite simply, local forms of creativity and the nature of the musical labour process were inimical to intellectual property (IP). There are wider lessons to be learnt here it is suggested. Creative practice in Jamaica has been based on principles which apply in other territories and to other forms of culture choked by the constrictions of the contemporary copyright regime. A comparison with open source software reinforces this case.
Data Mining through Internet search engines: the case for Islamic management materials

The study is carried out to ascertain relative availability of the materials of Islamic management using data mining through the Internet search engines (ISE’s). The contents of thirteen ISE’s are analysed using a specially created format. The present study established the relative ratios of the coverage of selected terms in terms of number of hits shown within each ISE. The ratios are obtained by dividing the hits for a search term into the means (average) of comparable hits as the standardized denominator. The results of the analysis show that the ISE’s contain scarce amount of materials on Islamic management.
Exploiting Social Media for Fake Reviews: Evidence from Amazon and Facebook

We provide an overview of our recent work that studies the market for fake product reviews on Amazon.com where reviews are purchased in large private internet groups on Facebook and other sites. We find that a wide array of products purchase fake reviews, including products with many reviews and high average ratings. Buying fake reviews on Facebook is associated with a significant but short-term increase in average rating and number of reviews. We exploit a sharp but temporary policy shift by Amazon to show that rating manipulation has a large causal effect on sales. Finally, we examine whether rating manipulation harms consumers or whether it is mostly used by high-quality or young products in a manner akin to advertising. We find that after firms stop buying fake reviews, their average ratings fall and the share of one-star reviews increases significantly, particularly for young products, indicating rating manipulation is mostly used by low-quality products and is deceiving and harming consumers.
Srrm234, but not canonical SR and hnRNP proteins drive inclusion of Dscam exon 9 variable exons

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is a major mechanism to diversify protein functionality in metazoans from a limited number of genes. In the Drosophila melanogaster Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (Dscam) important for neuronal wiring up to 38,016 isoforms can be generated by mutually exclusive alternative splicing in four clusters of variable exons. However, it is not understood how a specific exon is chosen from the many variables and how variable exons are prevented from being spliced together. A main role in the regulation of Dscam alternative splicing has been attributed to RNA binding proteins, but how they impact on exon selection is not well understood. Serine-arginine-rich (SR) proteins and hnRNP proteins are the two main types of RNA binding proteins with major roles in exon definition and splice site selection. Here, we analyzed the role of SR and hnRNP proteins in Dscam exon 9 alternative splicing in mutant Drosophila melanogaster embryos because of their essential function for development. Strikingly, loss or overexpression of canonical SR and hnRNP proteins even when multiple proteins are depleted together, does not affect Dscam alternative exon selection very dramatically. Conversely, non-canonical SR protein Serine-arginine repetitive matrix 2/3/4 (Srrm234) is a main determinant of exon inclusion in Dscam exon 9 cluster. Since long-range base-pairings are absent in the exon 9 cluster, our data argue for a small complement of regulatory factors as main determinants of exon inclusion in the Dscam exon 9 cluster.
Fast Fashion: Achieving Global Quick Response (GQR) in the Internationally Dispersed Clothing Industry

The clothing industry is one of the most mobile industries in the world. Global supply poses significant challenges in ensuring the right volume and mix of products within retail stores. Here we define a new concept – Global quick response (GQR) – which strives to combine the cost and scale efficiencies arising from sourcing globally with quick and accurate response to market requirements. GQR is based on lead time compression, effective information management, dynamic planning, and strong logistics. We examine GQR in the context of the new garment development process, the initial volume order process, and the repeat order process, and discuss its requirements with respect to market intelligence, rapid new product introduction, network structure, network planning, and network capability. The importance of staged planning postponement is noted, where commitments to precise mix requirements are delayed as late as possible in the supply process. Different operational approaches for achieving GQR are possible, from fully integrated, centrally controlled systems to response based on contractual relationships. Two contrasting examples from practice – Zara and Primark – are noted. GQR offers significant opportunities for further research both in the clothing sector and more widely.
A Numerical and Experimental Procedure for the Open Water Characteristics of Contra-Rotating Propellers for EEDI Improvement

Recently, contra-rotating propellers (CRP) having higher efficiency draw much attention since the EEDI regulation of IMO has been enforced. In this paper a numerical method based on the vortex lattice potential theory with a wake model and an experimental procedure with a newly built measuring device, specifically focusing on CRPs, are introduced. And they are applied to a series of CRP known to be designed for the purpose of improving EEDI. The numerical and experimental results showed good agreement explaining the characteristics of the CRP properly. The proposed method is believed to be effectively used for various CRP related studies.
Optimal Control of Objects on the Micro- and Nano-Scale by Electrokinetic and Electromagnetic Manipulation: for Bio-Sample Preparation, Quantum Information Devices and Magnetic Drug Delivery

Abstract : In this thesis I show achievements for precision feedback control of objects inside micro-fluidic systems and for magnetically guided ferrofluids. Essentially, this is about doing flow control, but flow control on the microscale, and further even to nanoscale accuracy, to precisely and robustly manipulate micro and nano-objects (i.e. cells and quantum dots). Target applications include methods to miniaturize the operations of a biological laboratory (lab-on-a-chip), i.e. presenting pathogens to on-chip sensing cells or extracting cells from messy bio-samples such as saliva, urine, or blood; as well as non-biological applications such as deterministically placing quantum dots on photonic crystals to make multi-dot quantum information systems. The particles are steered by creating an electrokinetic fluid flow that carries all the particles from where they are to where they should be at each time step. The control loop comprises sensing, computation, and actuation to steer particles along trajectories. Particle locations are identified in real-time by an optical system and transferred to a control algorithm that then determines the electrode voltages necessary to create a flow field to carry all the particles to their next desired locations. The process repeats at the next time instant. I address following aspects of this technology. First I explain control and vision algorithms for steering single and multiple particles, and show extensions of these algorithms for steering in three dimensional (3D\) spaces. Then I show algorithms for calculating power minimum paths for steering multiple particles in actuation constrained environments. With this microfluidic system I steer biological cells and nano particles \201quantum dots\202 to nano meter precision.
TestFlight

% #/cm3 μm g/m3 #/cm3 μm C C C C W/m2 W/m2 mg/m2s N/m2 N/m2 #/m2s*10^6 1 1.9 35.07 8.87 0.03 299.6 0.191 24.8 1.6 26 17.4 104.1 134.4 1.3 -0.101 0.05 0.444 2 3.7 195.66 11.99 0.26 296.9 0.188 25.4 1.3 26.2 19.4 -14.7 232.9 -17.5 -0.01 -0.016 17.806 3 3.7 120.49 9.47 0.15 287.3 0.189 25.3 1.2 26.2 19.7 -0.7 74.2 2.8 -0.029 -0.003 6.593 4 18 139.04 16.62 0.6 184.8 0.198 20.9 5.4 34.9 11.8 -4.9 1656.5 -113.2 -0.835 -0.098 127.506 5 12.9 206.67 17.65 0.94 153.4 0.197 20.7 5.2 33 11.6 91.7 1412.2 -179.8 -0.149 0.128 183.927 6 16.4 153.77 14.92 0.45 180.5 0.196 18.6 4.9 33.2 10.7 131.4 -485 25.8 0.136 -0.275 -5.464
On the Concept of Negative Impedance Instability in the More Electric Aircraft Power Systems with Constant Power Loads

The purpose of this paper is to present an assessment of the negative impedance instability concept of the constant power loads in the More Electric Aircraft (MEA) power systems. We address the fundamental problems faced in the stability studies of these multi-converter power electronic systems. An approach to the design of sliding-mode controllers for PWM DC/DC converters with constant power loads is presented. Because of the negative impedance destabilizing characteristics of constant power loads, conventional linear control methods have stability limitations around the operating points. However, the proposed controllers improve large-signal stability and dynamic responses. The proposed controllers are simulated and their responses under different operations are discussed. Finally, we verify the stability of the controllers using the second theorem of Lyapunov.