Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Order Absorbing Boundary Conditions for Elastic Waves

The need for artificial computational boundaries in the solution of exterior wave problems, called “absorbing boundaries” among other names, arises quite often in various fields of application. In solid-earth geophysics, and in particular earthquake engineering and oil exploration, they are needed for practically every simulation. Since the mid 90’s two classes of methods have emerged as especially powerful: the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) method, devised by Berenger [1] in 1994 and since then further developed, analyzed and used by many authors, and the method of using high-order Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABCs), which are local and involve no high derivatives, which was originally devised by Collino [2] in 1993, followed by a few other formulations. Although usually derived by very distinct analyses, recent work has shown that, on the discrete level, the two methods are in fact quite closely related.
Elastic properties of Mn-richαintermetallic phase in engineering aluminum alloys: Anab initiostudy

The α intermetallic phase can be found in almost all aluminum alloys used in engineering, primarily because of the presence of unwanted but unavoidable impurities from primary production or recycling. There are ample examples showing that α intermetallic particles act as damage nucleation sites during forming operations. To achieve an in-depth understanding of these particles as damage nucleation sites, it is important to know their thermomechanical behavior, as well as their interactions with the matrix during production and service. Despite their importance, however, the mechanical properties of the α intermetallic phase, such as the elastic modulus and the thermal expansion, have not been very well studied. Here, we apply ab initio methods to study the mechanical properties of the α intermetallic phase, with the focus on two polymorphs of the Mn-rich α phase: Al114Mn24 and Al108Mn24Si6. Besides the ground-state elastic properties, the temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient and bulk modulus are also calculated. As a case study, these calculated properties are used as input to an Eshelby-type eigenstrain model to evaluate the thermal residual stress of a spherical α-phase particle in an aluminum matrix during a cooling process.The α intermetallic phase can be found in almost all aluminum alloys used in engineering, primarily because of the presence of unwanted but unavoidable impurities from primary production or recycling. There are ample examples showing that α intermetallic particles act as damage nucleation sites during forming operations. To achieve an in-depth understanding of these particles as damage nucleation sites, it is important to know their thermomechanical behavior, as well as their interactions with the matrix during production and service. Despite their importance, however, the mechanical properties of the α intermetallic phase, such as the elastic modulus and the thermal expansion, have not been very well studied. Here, we apply ab initio methods to study the mechanical properties of the α intermetallic phase, with the focus on two polymorphs of the Mn-rich α phase: Al114Mn24 and Al108Mn24Si6. Besides the ground-state elastic properties, the temperature-dependent thermal expansion coefficient and bulk modulus.
Characteristics of one-port surface acoustic wave resonator fabricated on ZnO/6H-SiC layered structure

Characteristics of one-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators fabricated on ZnO/6H-SiC layered structure were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Phase velocities (Vp), electromechanical coupling coefficients (K2), quality factors (Q), and temperature coefficients of frequency (TCF) of Rayleigh wave (0th mode) and first- and second-order Sezawa wave (1st and 2nd modes, respectively) for different piezoelectric film thickness-to-wavelength (hZnO/λ) ratios were systematically studied. Results demonstrated that one-port SAW resonators fabricated on the ZnO/6H-SiC layered structure were promising for high-frequency SAW applications with moderate K2 and TCF values. A high K2 of 2.44% associated with a Vp of 5182 m s−1 and a TCF of −41.8 ppm/°C was achieved at hZnO/λ = 0.41 in the 1st mode, while a large Vp of 7210 m s−1 with a K2 of 0.19% and a TCF of −36.4 ppm/°C was obtained for hZnO/λ = 0.31 in the 2nd mode. Besides, most of the parameters were reported for the first time and will be helpful for the future design and optimization of SAW devices fabricated on ZnO/6H-SiC layered structures.
Stochastic Integer Programming: Decomposition Methods and Industrial Applications

Stochastic Integer Programming: Decomposition Methods and Industrial Applications Cheng (Marshal) Wang Doctor of Philosophy Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 2014 Many practical problems from industry that contain uncertain demands, costs and other quantities are challenging to solve. Stochastic Mixed Integer Programs (SMIPs) have become an emerging tool to incorporate uncertainty in optimization problems. The stochastic and mixed integer nature of SMIPs makes them very challenging to solve. Decomposition methods have been developed to solve various practical problems modeled as large-scale SMIPs. In the thesis, we propose a scenario-wise decomposition method, the Dynamic Dual Decomposition method (D method), to decompose large-scale SMIPs in order to solve practical facility location problems more efficiently. The Lagrangian bounds are dynamically determined. We also consider alternative ways to represent non-anticipativity conditions to improve computational performance. The D method efficiently solved moderate and large sized instances whose deterministic equivalent problem could not be solved or solved much slower by a state-of-the-art commercial solver. Three-stage models are also studied and solved by the D method, which is found to be effective as well. We combine the D method and Column Generation approach to solve a stochastic version of the set packing problem. The proposed method is quite effective in numerical experiments and outperforms the commercial solver dramatically in most cases. We study
A Fast Method for Finding the Edge to be Added to Minimize Betweenness Centrality of a Speciﬁed Vertex

—Betweenness centrality is a measure that represents the importance of each vertex in a graph. From the viewpoint of the robustness against attacks and failures, it is desired that all vertices take similar values of the betweenness centrality. In this paper, a fast algorithm for ﬁnding the edge to be added to minimize the betweenness centrality of a speciﬁed vertex is developed. The e ﬃ ciency of the proposed algorithm is conﬁrmed by some experiments on random graphs and scale-free graphs. It is also shown experimentally that the proposed algorithm is useful for improving the robustness of the graph by an edge addition.
Simultaneous Modelling of Multiple Turbulent Flow States

The present paper deals with the problem of improving the efficiency for large scale turbulent flow simulations. The use of accurate mathematical models, e.g. large eddy simulation or direct solution of Navier-Stokes equations, assumes the turbulent flow characteristics are obtained as a result of averaging the instantaneous velocity fields in time. The key shortcoming for this approach is related to the need to simulate long time integration interval to obtain reliable statistics, while the time integration process is inherently sequential. The novel approach with modelling of multiple flow states is discussed in the paper. The suggested numerical procedure allows to parallelize the integration in time by the cost of additional computations. Multiple realizations of the same turbulent flow are performed simultaneously. This allows to use more efficient implementations of numerical methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations with multiple right-hand sides, operating with blocks of vectors. The simple theoretical estimate for the expected simulation speedup, accounting the penalty of additional computations and the linear solver speedup, is presented. The problem of modelling the turbulent flow in the channel with a matrix of wall-mounted cubes is used to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed estimates and the suggested approach as a whole. The simulation speedup for this problem by a factor of 2 is observed.
Real-Time Core-Hole Dynamics in X-ray Spectroscopy

Real-Time Core-Hole Dynamics in X-ray Spectroscopy Andrew J. Lee Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor John J. Rehr Physics While experimental developments have enabled the study of core-hole dynamics in X-ray spectroscopy, theoretical methods for dynamical effects are still underdeveloped. Additionally, traditional theoretical methods are in frequency space, in which the study of real-time dynamics does not come naturally. We develop a real-time formalism for calculating ordinary and time-dependent X-ray spectra. While we focus our calculations on ordinary (linear) XAS, we keep our methods sufficiently general that they are readily applied to pumped and nonlinear XAS. We combine DFT, TDDFT, and the Nozières-De Dominicis (ND) formalism to produce a real-time approach to model core-hole dynamics in X-ray spectroscopy. This method is based on a real-time time-correlation function. While the correlation function can be used alone, we also present a further approximation where we obtain the full Green’s function as a convolution of the single-particle photoelectron Green’s function calculated via the correlation function method, and the core-hole Green’s function calculated via a cumulant expansion based approach. The cumulant expansion is obtained from the density response of the valence electrons to the core hole. Calculations for diamond, C60, and graphite are presented. Our calculations reproduce frequency space calculations based on the ND formalism. However, in our method the photoelectron interacts with dynamic valence electrons, unlike in frequency space methods.
Improvement of coordination performance of fractional-order systems based on weighted state and relative state information

The weighted state and relative state information feedback is introduced into the existing coordination control protocol aiming to improve the robustness of fractional-order multi-agent systems against fractional-order α . By applying frequency-domain method and Nyquist stability theorem, a sufficient condition is given to ensure the fractional-order coordination. It is shown that the proposed coordination control protocol can improve the robustness of fractional-order multi-agent systems against fractional-order under directed communication topology. Two numerical examples are given and the corresponding simulation results show that compared with the existed coordination control protocols, the proposed weighted state and relative state information feedback control protocol is feasible and effective for improving the robustness performance.
Application of Multivariate Sensitivity Analysis Techniques to AGCM-Simulated Tropical Cyclones

AbstractThis work demonstrates the use of Sobol’s sensitivity analysis framework to examine multivariate input–output relationships in dynamical systems. The methodology allows simultaneous exploration of the effect of changes in multiple inputs, and accommodates nonlinear interaction effects among parameters in a computationally affordable way. The concept is illustrated via computation of the sensitivities of atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)-simulated tropical cyclones to changes in model initial conditions. Specifically, Sobol’s variance-based sensitivity analysis is used to examine the response of cyclone intensity, cloud radiative forcing, cloud content, and precipitation rate to changes in initial conditions in an idealized AGCM-simulated tropical cyclone (TC). Control factors of interest include the following: initial vortex size and intensity, environmental sea surface temperature, vertical lapse rate, and midlevel relative humidity. The sensitivity analysis demonstrates systematic inc.
Alternating whitney sums and matchings in trees. I

The number of k node subtrees of a tree is its kth Whitney number. This paper establishes quadratic bounds in the number of nodes on the alternating sum of the Whitney numbers weighted by k 2 . The lower bound is achieved precisely for paths on an even number of nodes. The upper bound is achieved for Edmonds' alternating trees. A rooted alternating sum is shown to be related to the Gallai-Edmonds matching decomposition and the structure of maximum independent sets in the tree
Influence of spatial and non-spatial feature continuity on cortical alpha oscillations

In everyday environments, listeners face the challenge of parsing the sound mixture reaching their ears into individual sources. Perceptual continuity of acoustic features, such as pitch or location, has an obligatory effect on auditory attention even when a feature is not task relevant. Cortical alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) are thought to functionally inhibit the processing of task-irrelevant information. Here, we hypothesize that discontinuities in a task-irrelevant feature disrupt the attentional modulation of alpha rhythms. Using electroencephalography in humans, we compare physiological measures during a selective auditory attention task where listeners were asked to attend to either talker, based on gender (male or female) or location (left or right). On half of the trials, a discontinuity was introduced in the task-irrelevant acoustic feature. When listeners attended to the talker, there was no evidence of alpha power lateralization, and no effect of a discontinuity in location. In contrast, when l.
Angststörungen - Trends in der psychopharmakologischen Behandlung

zukünftiger Stellenwert ist von Subs-tanzen zu erwarten, die Prozesse im Rahmen der neuroendokrinologischen Stressregulation modulieren, wie CRH-Rezeptorantagonisten und ANP-Agonisten. Viele dieser Strategien sind allerdings noch in frühen Phasen der klinischen Prüfung.
Exogen-allergische Alveolitis - neue Erkenntnisse

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis), especially humidifier lung, has been more frequently diagnosed over the last decades, whereas farmer’s lung has decreased over the same time period. Today two types of the chronic course of extrinsic allergic alveolitis can be distinguished. The recurrent chronic course with a good prognosis may be differentiated from the insidious course with a poor prognosis by means of different histological patterns (UIP, NSIP, BOOP pattern). The characteristic neutro-philic infiltration of the lung in the insidious course cannot be detected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) methods. Furthermore, lymphocytosis in the BAL can be absent or present at a
Finite-difference time-domain modeling of monolayer graphene devices at near-infrared wavelengths

Abstract. A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) discretization of the dispersive conductivity of monolayer graphene has been done at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, the third telecommunication window. The FDTD discretization is used to simulate a monolayer graphene plasmonic waveguide and a graphene surface plasmon polariton add–drop filter. We utilize the auxiliary equation method to solve Maxwell’s equations in time-domain and simulate monolayer graphene-based devices without using the subcell method. The results show that the implementation of this method is surprisingly consistent with the results of the previous works and theoretical method. Our proposed method does not suffer from the deficiencies of the subcell and surface boundary condition methods. Both the interband and the intraband terms of the graphene conductivity are used to implement the graphene simulation. Our proposed method is useful for the analysis of monolayer graphene devices at near-infrared wavelengths with less computational complexity.
Review on Rain drop detection and removal using k-means clustering and Hough transformation

— Raindrops stick to a window glass can considerably destroy the visibility of a scene. Detecting and removing raindrops will benefit in many computer image applications. We presented hybrid approach to detect and remove raindrops and then restore the image back ground in a single image. Proposed framework is based on K-means clustering and hybrid Otsu plus median filter for the efficient retrieval of Rain droplets from the single image. The k-means clustering is used which results in highest correct clustering rate and Hough transform is used to detect and remove the raindrops from single image. We present a complete review on different approach for raindrop detection and removal. The proposed system will gives better results than available approaches for raindrop detection and removal. Results analysis will be performed on the basis of the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.
A novel and ultra-compact plasmonic filter with a fully controlled rejection band

In this article, we propose a novel approach to develop an ultra-compact spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) band-rejection filter by loading T-shaped grooves on the SSPP transmission line (TL). This scheme is based on the interaction between two types of grooves, i.e. rectangular grooves of the SSPP TL and T-shaped grooves. This form of interaction has never been addressed before in order to achieve a highly efficient SSPP band-rejection filter. The working principle of this band-rejection filter is clearly revealed via investigation of the dispersion behavior of the SSPP TL in the presence and absence of T-shaped groove loading. Meanwhile, we simulate an SSPP TL loaded with T-shaped grooves. As proof of concept, we fabricate the filter in the microwave regime and perform an experiment which characterizes its functionality. The simulated and experimental results confirm the excellent filtering phenomena exhibited by our structure. The isolation of the filter can be less than −15 dB at rejection frequencies with excellent transmission efficiency in both passbands, before and after the rejection band. Furthermore, simulated near-electric-field results are also presented to demonstrate the authenticity of the filter. When the question of generating a highly efficient SSPP band-rejection filter arises, the proposed method facilitates us with T-shaped grooves, which are declared as an excellent alternative to metamaterial particles in this regard. The proposed band-rejection filter based on SSPPs demonstrates an outstanding capability to take part in the progress and the advancement of integrated plasmonic structures and systems at microwave frequencies.
High-efficiency Ho:YAG single-crystal fiber laser in-band pumped by a 1.9 μm laser diode

We report on a 10-watt-level, efficient 2 μm Ho:YAG (0.6 at.% Ho3+ doped Y3Al5O12) single crystal fiber (SCF) laser in-band pumped by a 1.9 μm laser diode. Benefiting from the high gain of the SCF and the unique propagation features of the pump and laser beams, a maximum output power of 10.77 W is achieved with T OC = 20%, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 61.8%. The higher efficiency of 64.8% and the output power of 9.8 W are obtained with T OC = 50%. Compared to the traditional bulk crystal, wave-guiding of the pump light in the SCF can extend the gain region and thus improve the laser efficiency, which provides a simple and effective method to improve the utilization rate of the pump light even for the low-brightness laser diodes.
Deep multi-similarity hashing technique based on multi-label semantics

A deep multi-similarity hashing technique based on multi-label semantics has been proposed in this paper as a means of a new controlled deep hashing system for multi-label image retrieval. Our proposed methodology comprises hash code learning and semantically-aware similarity matrix creation. To create a similarity matrix that considers semantic context, we integrate label-level and semantic-level similarity. Using the higher-order statistics of deep features as inputs, we meticulously craft the multi-similarity loss and quantization error loss for hash code learning, ensuring that the learned binary codes retain their high-ranking similarity. Our suggested strategy is successful, as shown by several testing on CIFAR-10 and NUS-WIDE.
Non Mechanical (Mezic) Type Forces in the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics

Many authors have attempted to derive the fundamental equations of quantum mechanics from classical hydrodynamics. In the present contribution we presume that the continuous, electrically charged material substance moves simultaneously under the influence of the electric field and at the same time undergoes a diffusion process. This assumption leads to the appearance of non-mechanical (mezic) type forces responsible for inner sources of matter (positive or negative), similar to those whose existence is supposed to exist in relativistic hydrodynamics. We obtained a non-linear differential equation, convertible by linearization to a form coinciding with the Schrodinger equation, as a condition for the establishment of the same steady states with discrete energies.
Myelin Basic Protein Peptide Specrficity and T-cell

Characterization of T cells responding to autoantigens is central to understanding autoimmune disease. We have used somatic mutation at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene as an index of T-cell amplification in vivo. With this strategy we previously showed that myelin basic protein-reactive T cells can be isolated only from the HPRT mutant T-cell population cultured from the peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients and not from normal individuals. In this study, 165 HPRT mutant and 104 wild-type clones were examined for their reactivity to myelin basic protein and overlapping peptides of myelin basic protein. Five HPRT mutant clones that recognized myelin basic protein and myelin basic protein peptides along with three clones that responded to myelin basic protein peptide alone were isolated. All but one of the eight clones recognized peptides derived from the carboxy terminus of myelin basic protein (p84-168). Sequence analysis showed heterogeneous expression of T-cell receptor Va and Vp genes and CDR3s. These studies showed that in vivo amplified autoimmune T cells from patients with long-standing disease use diverse T-cell receptor elements in the recognition of C-terminal myelin basic protein peptides.
Estimating Single-Node PageRank in $\tilde{O}\left(\min\{d_t, \sqrt{m}\}\right)$ Time

PageRank is a famous measure of graph centrality that has numerous applications in practice. The problem of computing a single node's PageRank has been the subject of extensive research over a decade. However, existing methods still incur large time complexities despite years of efforts. Even on undirected graphs where several valuable properties held by PageRank scores, the problem of locally approximating the PageRank score of a target node remains a challenging task. Two commonly adopted techniques, Monte-Carlo based random walks and backward push, both cost $O(n)$ time in the worst-case scenario, which hinders existing methods from achieving a sublinear time complexity like $O(\sqrt{m})$ on an undirected graph with $n$ nodes and $m$ edges. In this paper, we focus on the problem of single-node PageRank computation on undirected graphs. We propose a novel algorithm, SetPush, for estimating single-node PageRank specifically on undirected graphs. With non-trival analysis, we prove that our SetPush achieves the $\tilde{O}\left(\min\left\{d_t, \sqrt{m}\right\}\right)$ time complexity for estimating the target node $t$'s PageRank with constant relative error and constant failure probability on undirected graphs. We conduct comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of SetPush.