Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin and evolution of interdistributary delta plains; insights from Mekong River delta

The geometry of river deltas is considered to refl ect the interplay of coastal processes, river discharge, and sediment supply. As ~25% of the world’s population lives on deltaic lowlands, prediction of delta growth is critical. Knowledge of processes responsible for delta geometries is not well established, although such knowledge is critical for the risk management of land use and settlements on deltas. The Mekong River delta of southern Vietnam is one of the largest deltas in the world and offers a unique opportunity to understand the sedimentary evolution of mixed tide- and wave-dominated large river deltas. We constrained the three-dimensional sedimentary evolution of the delta plains, based on optically stimulated luminescence dating of beach ridges coupled with radiocarbon-dated sediment cores. Results show that the beach shoreline in the lower delta plain initiated ca. 3.5 ka by aggradation on basement shoals. The delta plain propagated laterally during the late Holocene, evolving from bars that resulted in asymmetric bifurcation of the river mouth. Asymmetry was caused by the southwestward longshore sediment drift enhanced by the winter monsoon. Bars were successively formed on the wider side of the bifurcated river mouths, and subsequently accreted seaward, being stabilized by tide effects to result in shore-perpendicular elongate delta plains. Our work, based on the Mekong delta, demonstrates for the fi rst time that bar emergence is a key process in the long-term evolution of mixed tide- and wave-dominated deltas.
Review Frontal Cortex and Reward-guided Learning and Decision-making Figure 1. Frontal Brain Regions in the Macaque Involved in Reward-guided Learning and Decision-making Finer Grained Anatomical Divisions with Frontal Cortical Systems for Reward-guided Behavior

Reward-guided decision-making and learning depends on distributed neural circuits with many components. Here we focus on recent evidence that suggests four frontal lobe regions make distinct contributions to reward-guided learning and decision-making: the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and adjacent medial orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex. We attempt to identify common themes in experiments with human participants and with animal models, which suggest roles that the areas play in learning about reward associations, selecting reward goals, choosing actions to obtain reward, and monitoring the potential value of switching to alternative courses of action. Introduction Recent years have witnessed a great surge of interest in understanding the neural mechanisms of reward-guided learning and decision-making. These developments partly reflect the realization that the structure of decision-making and learning systems reflect a major evolutionary pressure on animals including humans and other primates–the need to seek food and other rewards (Platt and Glimcher, 1999; Glimcher, 2002). Other important factors have been the exploitation of approaches derived from economic decision-making theory that have proven useful in guiding investigation of the ways in which reward value is represented in the brain (Plassmann et al., 2007; Glimcher et al., 2009) and other formal and computational descriptions of reward-guided learning and decision-Rather than attempting another survey of these recent trends the aim of the current review is to focus more specifically on the role of frontal cortex in reward-guided behavior. It is proposed that current evidence suggests at least four frontal cortex regions can be identified with distinct roles in reward-guided behavior: ventromedial prefrontal cortex and adjacent medial orbitofrontal cortex (vmPFC/mOFC), lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and a lateral anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) region in, or at least adjacent to, the lateral part of the frontal pole (Figure 1). In reviewing the functions of these areas we draw on work conducted not only with human subjects but also with animal models for which more precise details of neuroanatomical connections and neurophysiological mechanisms are available. In addition to highlighting points of convergence between the studies of various researchers we also note outstanding debates and points of controversy. Value and vmPFC The human vmPFC/mOFC has perhaps been the most intensively studied frontal cortical area in investigations of reward-guided decision-making. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal that reflects aspects of underlying neural activity. The …
Molecular Determinants of Allosteric Modulation at the M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor*

Background: BQCA is a selective allosteric modulator of the M1 mAChR. Results: Residues that govern BQCA activity were identified using mutagenesis and molecular modeling. Conclusion: BQCA likely occupies a pocket overlapping prototypical mAChR modulators and gains selectivity through cooperativity with orthosteric ligands. Significance: Understanding the structural basis of BQCA function can provide insight into the design of more tailored allosteric ligands. Benzylquinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) is an unprecedented example of a selective positive allosteric modulator of acetylcholine at the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR). To probe the structural basis underlying its selectivity, we utilized site-directed mutagenesis, analytical modeling, and molecular dynamics to delineate regions of the M1 mAChR that govern modulator binding and transmission of cooperativity. We identified Tyr-852.64 in transmembrane domain 2 (TMII), Tyr-179 and Phe-182 in the second extracellular loop (ECL2), and Glu-3977.32 and Trp-4007.35 in TMVII as residues that contribute to the BQCA binding pocket at the M1 mAChR, as well as to the transmission of cooperativity with the orthosteric agonist carbachol. As such, the BQCA binding pocket partially overlaps with the previously described “common” allosteric site in the extracellular vestibule of the M1 mAChR, suggesting that its high subtype selectivity derives from either additional contacts outside this region or through a subtype-specific cooperativity mechanism. Mutation of amino acid residues that form the orthosteric binding pocket caused a loss of carbachol response that could be rescued by BQCA. Two of these residues (Leu-1023.29 and Asp-1053.32) were also identified as indirect contributors to the binding affinity of the modulator. This new insight into the structural basis of binding and function of BQCA can guide the design of new allosteric ligands with tailored pharmacological properties.
Neuropsychological Profile of Patients with Primary Systemic Hypertension

Arterial hypertension represents a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. It has been hypothesized that chronic hypertension may eventually result in small subcortical infarcts associated with some cognitive impairments. One hundred fourteen patients with primary systemic hypertension (PSH) and 114 matched subjects were selected. PSH patients were further divided in four groups depending upon the hypertension severity. In addition 10 the medical and laboratory exams, a neuropsychological evaluation was administered. The NEUROPSI neuropsychological test battery was used. An association between level of hypertension and cognitive impairment was observed. Most significant differences were observed in the following domains: Reading, executive functioning, constructional, and memory-recall. No differences were observed in orientation, memory-recognition, and language. Some neuropsychological functions appeared impaired even in the PSH group with the least risk factors. Cognitive evaluation may be important in cases of PSH not only to determine early subtle cognitive changes, but also for follow-up purposes, and to assess the efficacy of different therapeutic procedures.
The Effects of Chlorophyll Assimilation on Carbon Fluxes in a Global Biogeochemical Model. [Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation]

Abstract In this paper, we investigated whether the assimilation of remotely-sensed chlorophyll data can improve the estimates of air-sea carbon dioxide fluxes (FCO 2 ). Using a global, established biogeochemical model (NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model, NOBM) for the period 2003-2010, we found that the global FCO 2 values produced in the free-run and after assimilation werewithin -0.6 mol C m -2 y -1 of the observations. The effect of satellite chlorophyll assimilation was assessed in 12 major oceanographic regions. The region with the highest bias was the North Atlantic. Here the model underestimated the fluxes by 1.4 mol C m -2 y -1 whereas all the other regions were within 1 mol C m -2 y -1 of the data. The FCO 2 values were not strongly impacted by the assimilation, and the uncertainty in FCO 2 was not decreased, despite the decrease in the uncertainty in chlorophyll concentration. Chlorophyll concentrations were within ~25% of the database in 7 out of the 12 regions, and the assimilation improved the chlorophyll concentration in the regions with the highest bias by 10-20%. These results suggest that the assimilation of chlorophyll data does not considerably improve FCO
The spatial and temporal development of intracloud lightning

A detailed study of the complete sequence of VHF radiation events during intracloud (IC) flashes in Florida has shown that IC flashes often have a bilevel structure connected by a single upward channel. The lower and upper level channels appear to correspond to the main negative and upper positive charge regions of the storm, respectively. The IC flashes are characterized by active and final stages, each comprising about half of the overall flash duration. During the active stage, negative charge is transported upward in the cloud, first as a result of initial breakdown, which establishes the upward channel, and subsequently as a result of repeated breakdown events from the lower to the upper level. For the flashes of this study, the initial breakdown lasted 10 to 20 ms and propagated upward at a speed of 1.5 to 3×10 5 m s -1 . It also established the beginning of one or more horizontal branches in the upper positive charge region, which were extended by the subsequent breakdown. Little or no radiation was detected along the upward channel during the subsequent breakdown, indicating that the channel remained more or less continuously conducting following the initial breakdown. After a time delay, the subsequent breakdown extended the lower-level channels in a retrograde manner horizontally away from the flash origin. At the end of the active stage the upward channel ceases to be conducting and the remaining, final stage of a flash is characterized by fast (10 6 to 10 7 m s -1 ), well-defined K-type streamers that begin at successively greater distances along the lower-level channel and transport negative charge toward or into the base of the upward channel. The streamers are identical to those observed during the interstroke intervals and final stages of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes. Typically, a few late-flash K streamers continue through the flash origin into and along an upper-level channel. The overall results are consistent with other observations of IC flashes and explain several features of the observations. Similar results are obtained for IC flashes in New Mexico storms. Comparison of the initial breakdown of IC and CG flashes shows that the IC breakdown is more intermittent than that of CG flashes, even though both have the same polarity and propagate at about the same average speed.
The effects of CACNA1C gene polymorphism on spatial working memory in both healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Response inhibition refers to the suppression of inappropriate or irrelevant responses. It has a central role in executive functions, and has been linked to a wide spectrum of prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. Increasing evidence from neuropharmacological studies has suggested that gene variants in the norepinephrine neurotransmission system make specific contributions to response inhibition. This study genotyped five tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms covering the whole alpha-2B-adrenergic receptor ( ADRA2B ) gene and investigated their associations with response inhibition in a relatively large healthy Chinese sample ( N ¼ 421). The results revealed significant genetic effects of the ADRA2B conserved haplotype polymorphisms on response inhibition as measured by stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) (F(2, 418) ¼ 5.938, p ¼ 0.003). Individuals with the AAGG/AAGG genotype ( n ¼ 89; mean SSRT ¼ 170.2 ms) had significantly shorter SSRTs than did those with either the CCAC/AAGG genotype ( n ¼ 216; mean SSRT ¼ 182.4ms; uncorrected p ¼ 0.03; corrected p ¼ 0.09) or the CCAC/CCAC genotype ( n ¼ 116; mean SSRT ¼ 195.8 ms; corrected p o 0.002, Cohen’s d ¼ 0.51). This finding provides the first evidence from association research in support of a critical role of the norepinephrine neurotransmission system in response inhibition. A better understanding of the genetic basis of response inhibition would allow us to develop more effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of deficient or underdeveloped response inhibition as well as its related prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders.
Tube-wave Reflection From a Porous Permeable Layer With an Idealized Perforation

Tube or Stoneley waves are known to interact strongly at low frequencies with poroelastic formations provided that flow is not restricted at the borehole-formation interface. Increased permeability leads to increased attenuation and decreased velocity of the tube wave. Such mechanism has been explored previously for characterizing fractures and permeable formations in open-hole acoustic logging. In this study we focus on the reflection response of low-frequency tube waves from various finite-size poroelastic structures. First, we examine a model of a thin reservoir and demonstrate good applicability of the approximate 1D effective wavenumber approach to describe the interaction of tube waves with porous formations. We confirm that higher permeability leads to higher reflection coefficient. Then we analyze a model of idealized (disk-shaped) perforations inside a poroelastic layer and show that it has higher reflectivity compared to washout zones of the same geometry but with no-flow conditions at the interface.
Odborné stanovisko | Expert consensus statement

a Kardiologické oddělení, Nemocnice Podlesí, Třinec b Komplexní kardiovaskulární centrum, Nemocnice Na Homolce, Praha c Kardiologické oddělení, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň d Kardiologická klinika, Masarykova nemocnice v Ústí nad Labem e Kardiologické oddělení, Krajská nemocnice Liberec f Interní kardiologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Brno g III. interní-kardiologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady, Praha h II. interní klinika kardiologie a angiologie, 1. lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze ch Kardiologické oddělení, Nemocnice České Budějovice i I. interní kardioangiologická klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové j Kardiologické centrum Agel, Pardubice k Klinika kardiologie, Institut klinické a experimentální medicíny, Praha
Spiritual care and ageing in a secular society

Providing spiritual care is about tapping into the concept of spirituality: core meaning, deepest life meaning, hope and connectedness. The search for meaning, connectedness and hope becomes more significant as older people are faced with the possibilities of frailty, disability and dementia. Spirituality, ageing and meaning in life can be discussed in the context of an alternative view of “successful ageing”. A model of spiritual tasks in older age can help explain the spiritual dimension and provide a starting point for spiritual assessment.
3 channels regulate architecture, barrier function inflammation in the skin

The channel-forming glycoprotein Pannexin 3 (PANX3) functions in cutaneous wound healing and keratinocyte differentiation, but its role in skin homeostasis through aging is not yet understood. We found that PANX3 is absent in newborn skin but becomes upregulated with age. We characterized the skin of global Panx3 knockout mice (KO) and found that KO dorsal skin showed sex-differences at different ages, but generally had reduced dermal and hypodermal areas compared to aged-matched controls. Transcriptomic analysis of KO epidermis revealed reduced E-cadherin stabilization and Wnt signalling compared to WT, consistent with the inability of primary KO keratinocytes to adhere in culture, and diminished epidermal barrier function in KO mice. We also observed increased inflammatory signalling in KO epidermis and higher incidence of dermatitis in aged KO mice compared to wildtype controls. These findings suggest that during skin aging, PANX3 is critical in the maintenance of dorsal skin architecture, keratinocyte cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and inflammatory skin responses.
LA SAISONNALITÉ DES TECHNIQUES: Saisonnalité et spécialisation artisanale dans les Andes

La saisonnalite des techniques.Saisonnalite et specialisation artisanale dans les Andes. Les variations saisonnieres des activites techniques illustrent l’integration sociale des techniques. Les partis pris techniques resultent en partie des variations saisonnieres des conditions naturelles, mais cette saisonnalite, qui rythme la vie sociale, a aussi des origines et des retombees economiques et politiques. La disponibilite des ressources selon la saison et les conditions naturelles affectent une grande palette d’activites techniques et le present article s’attache au rapport entre production agricole et artisanat sur les hauts plateaux andins. Les variations saisonnieres de l’organisation du travail dans les regions agricoles des Andes influencent aussi la production artisanale et la specialisation des communautes dans un artisanat particulier joue un role important dans l’entretien des relations sociales et culturelles.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of an Innovative Emulsion of Medium Chain Triglycerides against Canine and Feline Periodontopathogens Efficacy an Innovative

v/v ML:8 emulsion and 2.4% v/v Virbac Vet Aquadent® (as directed by the manufacturer), at relative timepoints. ANOVA with a Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test was also utilised for statistical analysis of cytotoxicity data of ML:8 emulsion and chlorhexidine digluconate at the same 221 concentrations (0.25-0.06125% v/v) and relative timepoints. ANOVA assumes that the data is sampled from populations that follow Gaussian distributions. Data was shown to be normally
Drainage Flux Measurement and Errors Associated with Automatic Tension-controlled Suction Plates

Automatic control of high tension soil solution samplers (suction lysimeters) in response to the surrounding soil matric potential has been proposed as a new method to reduce the convergence and divergence fluxes around the lysimeters. It is important to evaluate the instruments' performance with automatically regulated suction because the efficiency of the control and its effects on the flux volumes could vary with the surrounding soil matric potential. An automatic equilibrium tension lysimeter (AETL) system was developed composed of 16 small-area (572 cm 2 ) ceramic suction plates that were continuously kept in equilibrium by an automated control device. The automated control device consisted of a datalogger connected to electronic tensiometers and to an electric vacuum pump that was activated to regulate the ceramic plate suction. The system was evaluated by simulating its performance with the HYDRUS-2D finite-element model. The AETL system continuously kept the lysimeters' suction in equilibrium with the surrounding soil when the soil water matric potential head ranged from -306 to 0 cm H 2 Ο. Suction control was less effective during low drainage conditions (soil matric potential head less than -50 cm H 2 O), when it took more time to re-equilibrate the pressure heads. However analysis of the variability of drainage and model simulations showed that incorrect suction control in drier conditions had a limited effect on the collected volumes. Suction was much better controlled when drainage flux was high, allowing a correct estimate of drainage. Automatic control of suction plates is a valuable tool for estimating drainage fluxes. Fine control of suction is needed when drainage flux is high because even the slight overapplication of suction, which is typically done during field experiments to overcome porous plate resistance and ensure that a sample is collected, could produce marked overestimation of water drainage (>30%).
Jujuboside A Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy By Inhibiting In�ammation and Regulating Autophagy

Background: Jujuboside A (JuA), as a main effective component of Jujubogenin, which was extracted from the seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill, has long been known as a sedative-hypnotic drug. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential effect of JuA on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mouse models. Method: Wide type C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: ddH 2 O+control, ddH 2 O+JuA, LPS+NS and LPS +JuA, and the cardiac function of septic mice were detected by echocardiography. Moreover, the survival rate at each time point was calculated for 7 days. ELISA assays were used to analyze in�ammatory factors in serum. Furthermore, Western blotting, �ow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to assess cell apoptosis and transmission electron microscopy detecting the number of autophagosomes. Finally, the expression of autophagy-related and oxidative stress-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. Results: Results showed that JuA pretreatment signi�cantly improved the survival rate and cardiac function, and suppressed systemic in�ammatory response in septic mice. Further study revealed that JuA could decrease cell apoptosis and enhanced autophagy. Moreover, JuA pretreatment also signi�cantly decreased oxidative stress and nitrodative stress, as evidenced by downregulating iNOS and gp91 expression in vivo. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor 3 ‐ MA signi�cantly abolished the effect of JuA on autophagic activity in SIC. Conclusion: In conclusion, the �ndings indicated that JuA enhanced autophagy blocking in�ammasome-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and suppress myocardial iNOS and gp91 expression to improve cardiac function of SIC in septic mice.
The Climate and Landscape of the Middle Part of the Weichselian Glaciation in Europe: The Stage 3 Project

Oxygen isotope stage 3 (OIS 3) was a mild interval between the two cold maxima of the last (Weichselian) glaciation marked by climate changes oscillating on a 100–1000 yr time scale between near-interglacial and peak-glacial conditions. During OIS 3, modern humans entered Europe, and somewhat later their Neanderthal predecessors became extinct. Our understanding of this momentous event depends on an answer to the question, Did the unstable environmental conditions of the time play a significant role in early human history? The Stage 3 Project is an interdisciplinary study with two main goals: (1) to describe with existing data and to simulate the climates and landscapes of typical warm and cold phases between 45,000 and 30,000 yr ago and (2) to compare the results with the spatial and temporal distribution of human beings in this context. This paper introduces the Stage 3 Project and provides background to a set of papers on the climate and landscape aspects of the Project that will appear in Quaternary Research and to studies of their relevance to the Early Upper Paleolithic of Europe to appear in journals yet to be determined.