Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things (IoT) Characteristics, Applications, and Digital Forensics Investigation Process: A Review

In the present era, the requirement of machine to machine communication is increasing very rapidly. Internet of Things (IoT) is creating abundant opportunities in business, government, education, and health. IoT is gaining popularity in many other areas too with the reduction in cost of smart computing technologies. Now building a network of all kinds of devices and objects has become possible after emergence of sensors, actuators, transducers, and embedded system. Data flows through various entities using wireless sensor networks and IoT systems. The entire machine to machine (M2M) communication interface can use any communication protocol (such as Bluetooth, 3G, 4G, Z-Wave, Wi-Fi, NFC, LTE, Ethernet, LoRaWAN, Radio, Cellular, and etc.). Objects can be sensed and controlled across any network infrastructure in digital environment using IoT technology. Physical world is being integrated into computer based digital systems resulting which the benefit of less human intervention. Now human is living into cyber-physical world where performed operations are more accurate, efficient and economic. Connected devices used in different environments present many opportunities as well as risks in front of cyber-physical world. These risks or incidents could be identified using digital forensics investigation technology. Hence, digital forensics must be properly explored for solving various malicious problems of IoT. This paper presents a survey of the need of digital forensics in ongoing IoT applications. Various threats faced by IoT enabled smart environment also have been discussed in the present paper. Paper also highlights some applications, characteristics, and application criteria of IoT in digital domain. The main objective of this paper is to present general process phases of digital forensics. One more motive of this paper is to identify and explore various reasons to deploy digital forensics in IoT enabled smart environment in different application domains.
Effects of Lightning Current and Ground Conductivity on the Values of Vertical Electric Fields

In this paper, the relationship between current front time and front time of vertical electric field due to lightning channel at non perfect ground is considered. Results showed that the peak of simulated vertical electric fields under non perfect ground conductivity condition is decreased compared to the corresponding field at perfect ground while the front time of field is increased at non perfect case compared to the perfect one. Likewise, the effect of ground conductivity on the peak and front time of simulated vertical electric field is considered and the results are discussed accordingly.
Reduction of Landing Gear Noise Using an Air Curtain

Acoustic and aerodynamic measurements were performed in NLR's Small Anechoic Wind Tunnel on the air curtain concept, which is intended for landing gear noise reduction. The idea of this concept is to apply an upstream blowing slot to deflect the flow around a landing gear (component), thus reducing the local flow speeds and therefore the aerodynamically generated noise. Prior to the wind tunnel tests, a design study was carried out to assess the possible benefit of an air curtain and to define the test set-up. For the subsequent proof-of-concepts tests, two-dimensional half-models were mounted on an endplate which was attached to the lower edge of the wind tunnel nozzle. Blowing was applied through a slot in the endplate, upstream of the model. Microphone array and PIV measurements were performed to characterize the acoustics and aerodynamics of the air curtain. Tests were done for different wind tunnel speeds, blowing speeds, slot geometries and model geometries. For the relatively quiet baseline half-models in the present tests, broadband noise reductions of 3-5 dB were obtained using an air curtain with normal blowing (i.e. perpendicular to the main flow). The noise reductions could be increased to 5-10 dB by oblique blowing (30° upstream) or by applying a small flow deflector directly before the blowing slot. For full models larger noise reductions are anticipated.
A digital logic nanowire for reliability enhancement

Due to the many random factors from thermal fluctuations to wave interference, computational perfection in nanoICs is difficult to achieve. Defects and faults arise from instability and noise proness of nanoICs, which lead to unreliable results. A probabilistic computational model is needed to reduce such errors and to achieve more reliable computation. The probabilities of the outputs of this model can be calculated by the arithmetic expressions of the Boolean functions. This paper presents a method for transforming a low noisy reliability nanocircuit into a high reliability nanocircuit without using any hardware redundancy techniques. A class of nanocircuits, called reliability enhancement nanocircuits (RENC) is introduced. Each RENC is a simple logic circuit with a single input and output. It is shown that with a proper setting of the "logic threshold value" of the RENC, which determines logic value 0 or 1 for the input and output, the output (reliability) of RENC can be higher than its input reliability. Thus, when a RENC is connected to an output of a nanocircuit, the reliability of the entire circuit can be enhanced. A reliability enhancement nanowire (RENW) can be formed by cascading n number RENCs. It is also shown that by connecting each output of a low reliability nanocircuit with a RENW with sufficient number of RENCs , the reliability of the nanocircuit can be raised to any desirable higher level. This method is illustrated by examples and is applicable to any digital nanocircuit design using any nanotechnology.
Precision timing with α-β oscillatory coupling: stopwatch or motor control?

Precise timing is crucial for many behaviors ranging from street crossing, conversational speech, to athletic performance. The precision of motor timing has been suggested to result from the strength of phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between the phase of alpha oscillations (α, 8-12 Hz) and the power of beta activity (β, 14-30 Hz), herein referred to as α-β PAC. The amplitude of β oscillations has been proposed to code for temporally relevant information, and the locking of β power to the phase of α oscillations to maintain timing precision. Motor timing precision has at least two sources of variability: variability of timekeeping mechanism and variability of motor control. There is ambiguity to with of these two factors α-β PAC could be ascribed to. Whether α-β PAC indexes precision of internal timekeeping mechanisms like a stopwatch, or α-β PAC indexes motor control precision is unclear. To disentangle these two hypotheses, we tested how oscillatory coupling at different stages of time reproduction related to temporal precision. Human participants perceived, and subsequently reproduced, a time interval while magnetoencephalography was recorded. The data show a robust α-β PAC during both the encoding and the reproduction of a temporal interval, a pattern which could not be predicted for by the motor control account. Specifically, we found that timing precision resulted from the tradeoff between the strength of α-β PAC during the encoding and during the reproduction of intervals. We interpret these results as supporting evidence for the hypothesis that α-β PAC codes for precision of temporal representations in the human brain. Highlights - Encoding and reproducing temporal intervals implicate α-β PAC. - α-β PAC does not represent solely motor control. - α-β PAC maintains the precision of temporal representations.
Screening and Characterization of Oleaginous Yeasts and Modeling of Flocculation-based Algae Harvest

The thesis comprises the characterization and genetic engineering of the non-conventional, oleaginous yeast Cutaneotrichosporon oleaginosus as well as the optimization of harvest by flocculation of the microalgae Scenedesmus obtusiusculus. In the first part, the screening of oleaginous yeast, overexpression of two genes of enzymatic bottlenecks for triglyceride synthesis and the effect of target-of-rapamycin 1 (TORC1) inhibition are described. In the second part, effects and relationships in the process of algae harvest by flocculation as well as the complexity of their interactions are explored.
Study on Nonlinear Problem of Active Noise Control System for Power Transformers

With the development of active noise control technology, ANC system has been gradually introduced into practical application. And some researches and experiments notice that ANC system may encounter with nonlinearity problems under certain conditions in practical applications. The paper analyses and summarizes possible factors that may lead to nonlinearity problems, based on the operation principle and structure features of ANC system, and classifies the main methodologies of dealing with nonlinearity problems considering the main technologies and researches nowadays of system nonlinearity with the same analyzing structure of nonlinearity factors mentioned in the paper. The paper also elaborates the strength and weakness of different methodologies and the most appropriate application condition for each methodology, and it provides theoretical basis for nonlinear active noise control system.
Design and development of an automated all-terrain wheeled robot

Due to the rapid progress in the field of robotics, it is a high time to concentrate on the development of a robot that can manoeuvre in all type of landscapes, ascend and descend stairs and sloping surfaces autonomously. This paper presents details of a prototype robot which can navigate in very rough terrain, ascend and descend staircase as well as sloping surface and cross ditches. The robot is made up of six differentially steered wheels and some passive mechanism, making it suitable to cross long ditches and landscape undulation. Static stability of the developed robot have been carried out analytically and navigation capability of the robot is observed through simulation in different environment, separately. Description of embedded system of the robot has also been presented and experimental validation has been made along with some details on obstacle avoidance. Finally the limitations of the robot have been explored with their possible reasons.
A new dual‐band planar inverted‐F antenna for ISM‐band applications

This paper proposes a new dual‐band planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) for ISM‐band applications. The proposed antenna is designed using the Microwave Studio Software of Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The measured results of the antenna are compared with the simulated results. The effects of antenna parameters such as the slit geometry and ground plane are studied. Both lower and upper frequency bands can be determined independently, which is very useful for the design of dual‐band antennas. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 211–214, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11172
Gradient Analysis of Urban Construction Land Expansion in the Chongqing Urban Area of China

AbstractUrban construction land-use expansion is an important topic in the field of land-use change research. In the present study, the temporal and spatial changes of urban construction land use in the Chongqing urban area are analyzed, based on land-use maps from 1975, 1987, 1995, 2000, and 2010. Using gradient analysis, the study area was divided into nine buffer zones and eight quadrants. The study analyzed the compactness of the urban construction land in different buffer ranges and different directions, and further fitted the compactness degrees and different gradients. The results indicated that there was a rapid growth of urban construction land use in the Chongqing urban area in the period of 2000–2010, and the land use for urban construction sharply increased at an average annual rate of 5.69%. The expansion pattern showed a spatial mode of one center and multiple subcenters. Furthermore, although the key regions (the fastest-growing regions of urban construction land) of urban expansion showed .
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting using a Synchronized Switch Technique

This article describes a new approach to harvest electrical energy from a mechanically excited structure equipped with piezoelectric elements. Standard harvesting circuits using piezoelectric elements as an electric generator consist of an AC-DC converter coupled to a load. The technique proposed herein is fully compatible with the standard approach. The difference consists in adding up an electrical switching device connected in parallel with the piezoelectric elements. The switch device is triggered on the maxima or minima of the displacement and realizes a voltage inversion through an inductor. This method allows the artificial increase of the piezoelements’ output voltage, resulting in a significant increase of the electrical power flow. It is shown that the power flow transfer strongly depends on the structure electromechanical coupling coefficient. For a weakly coupled structure using this new technique, the electrical power can be increased by over 400%.
Relationship between empirical and theoretical mobility models in silicon inversion layers

The theoretical and empirical expressions most commonly used for modeling the variation of the low field surface mobility of MOSFETs are discussed. It is shown that both approaches may be reconciled, and a new physical definition of the parameters of the empirical model is presented, In particular, we propose an analytical formula of the factor /spl theta//sub 2/ characterizing the quadratic dependence of the reciprocal mobility on the inversion charge. Both the formula and experiment agree and show that /spl theta//sub 2/ does not only depend on the surface roughness scattering term, but also on phonon scattering.
Techniques for Supersonic Turbojet Noise Reduction

Observations and simulations are presented of a supersonic jet from a nozzle representative of high-performance military aircraft such as the Saab Gripen. The nozzle has a design Mach number of 1.56 and is examined at its design condition with a surrounding secondary flow at Mach numbers of 0.0, 0.1 and 0.3. Chevrons and internal fluidic injection by microjets each reduce the noise generated by the main jet. Copyright © 2012 by ASME.
Early Intervention in Schools: Recommendations for Enhanced Psychological Services

Childhood and adolescence are times of adjusting to change and increasing demands in one’s life. As such, it is perhaps not surprising that in the United States alone, approximately 13% to 20% of children experience a mental disorder each year, or that 20% of adolescents experience a diagnosable mental health disorder.
The Importance of the Direct to Reverberant Ratio in the Perception of Distance, Localization, Clarity, and Envelopment

Part two explores the practical consequences of the observations in part one. An experimental method will be presented for objective tests on direct sound detection that yield the threshold data in part one. The rate at which the forward integrated reverberation increases to the level of the direct sound from a short note, and the D/R from short notes or syllables is found to be of particular importance. The insensitivity of current acoustic measures to the perception of direct sound will be discussed, and new measures will be proposed that can be used with live music and speech. We will also present subjective and objective results from a series of experiments in a small hall at the Longy School of Music in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Selective addition of absorption to the stage area and to the lateral walls greatly improved subjective clarity and the balance between musicians on stage and in the hall. Electroacoustics was applied to restore the late reverberation to the value of the unmodified hall witho.
Neoplasia de pele em paciente em uso de hidroxiuréia: relato de caso

(a) Objetivo: Relatar o caso de um paciente que desenvolveu varios episodios de carcinomas cutâneos durante uso prologando de hidroxiureia para tratamento de mielofibrose. (b) Relato do caso: Homem de 67 anos, branco, com diagnostico de mielofibrose desde 2006, foi tratado com hidroxiureia 500mg/dia. Durante o tratamento surgiram varias lesoes de pele a partir de 2008. Estas apresentavam alteracoes distintas como ulceracoes, sangramentos, infiltracoes, ou de aspecto vegetante, como visto em quirodactilo. Biopsias de lesoes foram compativeis com carcinoma espinocelular e foi realizado tratamento crioterapico e cirurgico. Apesar das alteracoes cutâneas, foi optado pelo servico de hematologia em manter a hidroxiureia associada ao acompanhamento com o servico de dermatologia e fotoprotecao das lesoes. O paciente faleceu em abril de 2017 por complicacoes secundarias a doenca de base. (c) Conclusoes: No paciente estudado as alteracoes neoplasicas foram observadas apos 2 anos de uso da hidroxiureia, o que sugere que o mesmo possuia outros fatores associados que, somados a acao do farmaco, aumentaram o desenvolvimento de mutacoes cancerigenas. Deve-se ficar atento as alteracoes adversas desse farmaco para poder promover diagnostico e tratamento precoces dessas complicacoes.
Rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in older Ghanaian adults from 2007-2015: Evidence from WHO-SAGE Waves 1 & 2

Background Studies on changes in the prevalence and determinants of obesity in older adults living in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We examined recent changes in obesity prevalence and associated factors for older adults in Ghana between 2007/08 and 2014/15. Methods Data on adults aged 50 years and older in Ghana were collected in the WHO SAGE Wave 1 (2007/08; n=4158) and Wave 2 (2014/15; n=1663). The weighted prevalence of obesity, overweight, normal weight and underweight, and of high central adiposity was compared in Waves 1 and 2. Multinomial and binomial logistic regressions were used to examine whether the determinants of weight status based on objectively measured body mass index and waist circumference changed between the two survey periods. Results The prevalence of obesity (Wave 1=10.2%, 95% CI: 8.9-11.7%; Wave 2=15.0%, 95% CI: 12.6-17.7%) and overweight (Wave 1=19.6%, 95% CI: 18.0-21.4%; Wave 2=24.5%, 95% CI: 21.7-27.5%) was higher in Wave 2 than Wave 1 and more than half of the population had high central adiposity (Wave 1=57.7%, 95% CI: 55.4-60.1%; Wave 2=66.9%, 95% CI: 63.7-70.0%) in both study periods. Obesity prevalence was 16% lower in males and 55% higher in females comparing Wave 1 to Wave 2. Female sex, urban residence, and high household wealth were associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity and high central adiposity. Those aged 70+ years had lower odds of obesity in both study waves. In Wave 2, females with physical activity level were more likely to be obese. Conclusion Over the 7-year period between survey waves, the population prevalence of overweight and obesity increased by 25% and 47%, respectively, while underweight reduced by 43%. These findings differed considerably by sex, which points to differential impacts of past initiatives to reduce overweight/obesity, potential high-risk groups in Ghana, and the need to increase surveillance.
A quasi-TEM analysis for curved and straight planar multiconductor systems

A quasi-TEM (transverse electromagnetic) analysis for straight and weakly curved planar multiconductor transmission lines is presented. This transverse field of a weakly curved planar multiconductor system is described by the static electric and magnetic solutions of the corresponding axially symmetrical structure. The capacitance and inductance matrices of this system of concentric microstrip rings are calculated using the method of lines. A two-port network consisting of circularly curved transmission lines is calculated and the results are compared with measured values. It is concluded that the proposed method of approximation is suited for analysis of microwave components as well as for high-speed digital circuits with interconnections consisting of curved striplines instead of straight lines with discontinuities. >
Lightning striking distance of complex structures

Traditionally, the location of lightning strike points has been determined by using the rolling sphere method, but recently the collection volume method (CVM) has also been proposed for the placement of air terminals on complex structures. Both these methods are empirical in nature and a more advanced model based on physics of discharges is needed to improve the state of affairs. This model is used to evaluate the striking distance from corners and air terminals on actual buildings and the results are qualitatively compared with the predictions of the rolling sphere method and the CVM. The results show that the striking distance not only depends upon the prospective return stroke current and the geometry of the building, but also on the lateral position of the downward leader with respect to the strike point. A further analysis is performed to qualitatively compare the lightning attraction zones obtained with the CVM and the leader inception zones obtained for a building with and without air terminals. The obtained results suggest that the collection volume concept overestimates the protection areas of air terminals placed on complex structures, bringing serious doubts on the validity of this method.
A new configuration to improve the active loop technique for transistor large signal characterization in the Ka band

This article presents a new configuration to improve the conventional active loop technique with pre‐matching. This reduces the power requirements of the loop amplifier when synthesizing high reflection coefficient for high power transistors. The active loop technique is very efficient in characterizing power transistors but the output power of the loop amplifier can be a strong limitation as it can exhibit non‐linear behavior when high power is needed. The proposed new configuration improves the active loop capabilities as it allows a larger reflection coefficient to be synthesized with higher linearity of the loop amplifier. Theoretical results show the interest of the new active loop and experimental measurements in the Ka band validate the linear behavior improvement of the active loop for high reflection coefficients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 589–593, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22220
Social Impacts of the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake

The 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake resulted in some of the most significant social impacts from an earthquake in recent decades. In early March, an Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) social impacts reconnaissance team documented broad impacts on shelter, livelihood opportunities, and service provision through direct observation, photo documentation, interviews, and a review of other sources. The earthquake left over half of the residential housing in Port-au-Prince heavily damaged; widespread fear that even undamaged structures were unsafe swelled the number of homeless to 1.3 million. The infrastructure damage and significant loss of life within the Haitian government and international aid agencies slowed the early response and reduced the already low levels of basic service provision. Continued research is needed on media portrayal, outcomes of injuries, sheltering decisions, social networks, and learning trajectories for Haiti's youth, among other areas.