Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of trace organic compounds in New England rivers.

New Englandの 河川中に存在す る有 機物をコ ンピュ ーター処理を伴うガス クロマ トグラフ ィー質量分 析計 シ ステム及び高分解能質量 分析計を使 って分析 した. Monatiquot川 中 の 可 塑剤 Monatiquot川 は長 さ約5milesの 河 川であるが,近 くに プラス チック製造工 場があ り,有 機物質によ る汚染 の可 能性は高い. こ の工場 の上,下 流 の水面近 くで試料 水を41ず つ採取 し,塩 化メチ レンによ って抽出 して ガ スクロマ トグラフ ィーによ り分析 した. 上 流 の試 料水か ら抽出 された有機化合物 の全濃度は0. 5ppb以 下で あっ た. 下 流で採 取 した河川水の抽 出物のガス クロマ トグラ ムを図-1に 示す. 成 分B,Cの 濃度 は約30ppbで ある. ピークA,D,Eの 質量スペ ク トルはm/e149に 強度の 高い イオ ンを示し,他 の特微的 なイオ ンを合せて 考え る と,こ れ らはいずれ もフタル酸 エステルであ ると推定 さ れる. 標 準 物質の質量スペク トル及び保持時 間との比較 か ら,A,Eは フ タル 酸 ジ-n-ブ チル 及 び フ タル 酸 ジ イ ソデ シ ルで あ る こ とが 確認 され た. ピ ー クDはC8の ア ル キル 基 を もつ フ タル 酸 エ ス テル 異 性体 が重 な った も の で,そ の う ち 二 つ は フ タル酸 ジ-2-エ チ ル ヘ キ シル 及 び フ タル 酸 ジ イ ソオ クチ ル で あ る と考 え られ る. ピ ー クC は 自動 検 索 プ ロ グ ラ ムに よ る参 考 質 量 ス ペ ク トル との 比 較 か ら ア ジ ピン酸 ジ-2-エ チ ル ヘ キ シル で あ ると 推 定 さ れ,標 準 物 質 のス ペ ク トル との比 較 によ り確 認 され た. そ の ス ペ ク トル の特 色 はm/e129(C7のプ ロ トン化 さ れ た無 水物 イ オ ン),m/e112(C8H16+)及 びm/e241 (C8H17OCOC4H8C≡O+)で あ る. ピ ー クBは 自動 検 索 に よ って同 定 す る こ とは で き なか った が,類 似 性 の高 い とされ た もの の 大 部 分 は ポ リグ リコー ル で あ り,そ の 多 くは ブ チル エー テ ル で あ った. ま た,Bの 高 分 解 能 質 量 ス ペ ク トル のm/e100以 上 の特 性 イオ ンは少 くもCgと 04を 含 む0リ グ リコー ル で あ る こ とを 示唆 した. OV101を 含 浸 した 氏 管 カ ラムで 分 離 す る とBは 鋭 い一 本 の ピー クを 示 し,そ の保 持指 数 か ら分 子 量 は300~350で あ る と推 定 され た. そ こでC-O結 合 の 開裂 に よ って,B の スペ ク トル に み られ るm/e57,73,101,145,161, 175,191の イオ ンを生 ず る ジ ブ トキ シエ トキ シ エ トキ シ メ タ ンを 仮定 した. こ の化 合 物 はTP-90Bの 商 品 名 で 市 販 され て い る可 塑 剤 で あ る. TP-90BとBの 質 量 スペ ク トル 及 びGC保 持時 間 を比 較 した と ころ 一致 をみ た. 河 川 水 か ら ア ジ ピ ン酸 ジ-2-エ チル ヘ キ シル及 び ジ ブ トキ シ エ トキ シエ トキ シメ タンが 検 出 され た の は初 め てで あ るが,い ず れ も可 塑剤 と して 使 用 され て お りそ そ の存 在 は容 易 に説 明 で き る. Merrimack川 中 の 染料 担 体 Merrimack川 はNew England,織 物工 場 を かか え る五 都 市 を 貫 流 し,そ の全 長 は約100milesで,平 均 流 量 は2. 2×1051/secで あ る. 五 都 市 の下 流 の深 さ2~5ft の と こ ろで 試 料 水 を採 取 し,上 記 と 同様 に して 分 析 し SPECTRUM INDEX NUMBER 図-1河 川 水 の 抽 出物 の ガ ス ク ロマ トグ ラム(質 量 スペ ク トル の全 イオ ン か ら組 立 て た もの) 1973年3月6日. GC条 件;カ ラム,150 ×0.32cm,0.05%OV-17/ガ ラス ビー ズ; 温 度,70~250°C,昇 温速 度12°C/min;/ spectrum index numberは4. 3sec.
Identity-based routing

Routing today scales by assigning addresses that depend on the host's topological location in the network. Topology-based addressing improves scalability, since adjacent addresses may be aggregated into blocks and advertised as a single unit. However, if hosts move, or the network topology changes, these addresses must change. This poses two problems. First, in ad-hoc networks and sensornets, the topology is so fluid that topology-based addressing doesn't work. There has been a decades-long search for scalable routing algorithms for these networks with no solution in sight. Second, the use of topology-based addressing in the Internet complicates mobility, access control, and multihoming. Identity-based addressing, where addresses refer only to the identity of the host but not its location, would solve these problems, but would pose severe challenges for scalability. This thesis presents the first scalable routing algorithm for identity-based addresses. Implementation results from a sensornet deployment and simulations demonstrate the protocol outperforms several traditional wireless routing algorithms. This thesis also describes extensions to scale the protocol to Internet-size topologies and support several common ISP-level routing policies.
Consciousness as a Neurological Concept in Epileptology: A Critical Review

Summary: This essay explores the usefulness of the concept of consciousness in epileptology and concludes that it does not further the understanding of seizure mechanisms and brain function. The reasons for this are both theoretical and empirical. Consciousness cannot be adequately defined. This may explain why attempts at accounting for it in neurobiological terms have failed. Epistemological and scientific arguments are reviewed which suggest why a satisfactory explanation of consciousness is not now and may never be possible. There are, however, aspects of conscious experience such as perception, cognition, memory, affect, and voluntary motility that are open to neurobiological research. Careful observations of epileptic seizures with “loss of consciousness” often reveal that only some components of consciousness are impaired. “Loss of consciousness” during a seizure, often presenting as unresponsiveness, may be due to aphasia, inability to perform voluntary movements, ictal or postictal amnesia (sometimes with preservation of memory during the ictus itself), or to diversion of attention by a hallucinated experience. A plea is made to observe accurately and interact with the patient during an attack in order to distinguish between these various behavioral disturbances masquerading as “loss of consciousness.
Young Children's Reports of When Events Occurred: Do Event Type and Assessment Method Matter?

Studying young children's reporting about when various events occurred informs about the development of episodic memory and metacognition. In two experiments, 55 3- to 5-year-old children participated in two activity sessions, a week apart. During the activity sessions, they learned novel animal facts and body movements, and they coloured animal pictures and posed for body movement photos. Immediately after the second activity session, children were interviewed about when they experienced the various events. Overall, children were as accurate about learning events as physical events, but they were more accurate when asked temporal distance (e.g. ‘Which did you learn a longer time ago, “X” or “Y”? ’) than temporal location questions (e.g. ‘Which did you learn before today, “X” or “Y”? ’). The results suggest that young children's apparent difficulty recognizing new learning is not due to a rapid ‘remember-to-know shift’. Rather, the way we ask young children about when they experienced various events determines their accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of audio and lyrics features for genre classification in digital audio collections

In many areas multimedia technology has made its way into mainstream. In the case of digital audio this is manifested in numerous online music stores having turned into profitable businesses. The widespread user adaption of digital audio both on home computers and mobile players show the size of this market. Thus, ways to automatically process and handle the growing size of private and commercial collections become increasingly important; along goes a need to make music interpretable by computers. The most obvious representation of audio files is their sound - there are, however, more ways of describing a song, for instance its lyrics, which describe songs in terms of content words. Lyrics of music may be orthogonal to its sound, and differ greatly from other texts regarding their (rhyme) structure. Consequently, the exploitation of these properties has potential for typical music information retrieval tasks such as musical genre classification; so far, there is a lack of means to efficiently combine these modalities. In this paper, we present findings from investigating advanced lyrics features such as the frequency of certain rhyme patterns, several parts-of-speech features, and statistic features such as words per minute (WPM). We further analyse in how far a combination of these features with existing acoustic feature sets can be exploited for genre classification and provide experiments on two test collections.
Risk factors in enterprise wide information management systems projects

In the past several years many organizations have initiated enterprise-wide information management systems projects, using such packages as SAP, Peoplesoft, and Oracle. These projects often represent the single largest investment in an information systems project in the history of these companies, and in many cases the largest single investment in any corporate-wide project. These enterprise-wide information management systems projects bring about a host of new questions, because they represent a new type of management challenge. Some of these questions and issues are:<list><item>What are the major risk factors associated with implementing traditional MIS projects? </item><item>What are the major risk factors associated with enterprise-wide information management projects? </item><item>What new risk factors need to be addresed in ERP projects? What are some of the risks in MIS projects that are not factors in ERP projects? </item></list> Based upon the findings, enterprise-wide information management systems projects pose new opportunities and significant challenges. Some of the “summary” ideas which are re-iterated throughout the case studies are:<list><item>Justify the enterprise-wide projects based upon cost-justification and economies of scale. </item><item>Re-engineer business processes to “fit” the package, rather than trying to modify the software to “fit” the organization's current business processes. </item><item>Identify and implement strategies to re-skill the existing IT workforce and acquire external expertise through vendors and consultants when needed. </item> <item>Utilize “business analysts,” with both business knowledge and technology knowledge. </item><item>Obtain top management support for the project and establish strong project leadership. </item><item>Make a commitment to training end-users in custom report evelopment. </item><item>Manage change through leadership, effective communications, and the role of a champion. </item></list>
Do electronic marketplaces lower the price of goods?

The efficiency of electronic means for commerce is sometimes countered by increased product cost, as demonstrated in this case involving an auction system for used cars in Japan. E lectronic marketplaces have become increasingly popular alternatives to traditional forms of commerce [8, 9]. This increase in popularity has led many to predict that one effect will be to lower the market price of goods. This reduced price hypothesis was proposed by Bakos in his seminal article on electronic marketplaces [2]. Buyers in market-inter-mediated transactions have to bear search costs to obtain information about the prices and product offerings of sellers. High search costs of buyers enable sellers to maintain prices substantially above their marginal costs and result in alloca-tional inefficiencies in market transactions. Electronic market systems can reduce the search costs that buyers must incur to acquire information about seller prices and product offerings, thus enabling buyers to locate suppliers that better match their needs. The lowered search costs allow buyers to look at more product offerings and make it difficult for sellers to sustain high prices. The reduced price hypothesis predicts that buyers will enjoy lower product prices as a result of the increased competition among sellers in electronic marketplaces. An industry case study is presented in this article to demonstrate that the prices of goods traded through electronic marketplaces can actually be higher than those of products sold in traditional markets. AUCNET is an electronic marketplace introduced to reduce search costs of buyers for used-car transactions in Japan. The average contract price of secondhand cars sold through AUCNET is much higher than that of traditional, non-electronic markets. The industry case study suggests that the analysis of electronic market impacts on product prices should take into account economic factors beyond the buyers' search costs. This article investigates why the product prices in AUCNET are higher than those of traditional markets by examining other economic variables than the buyer's search costs.
Water vapor budget associated to overshoots in the tropical stratosphere: mesoscale modelling study of 4-5 August 2006 during SCOUT-AMMA

X. M. Liu, E. D. Rivière, V. Marécal, G. Durry, A. Hamdouni, J. Arteta, and S. Khaykin Groupe de Spectrométrie moléculaire et Atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA) and CNRS, UMR6089, Reims, France Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace (LPC2E), CNRS and Université d’Orléans, France Central Aerological Observatory of Roshydromet 3, Pervomayskaya str. Dolgoprudny, Moscow region 141700, Russian Federation, Russia
Leadership, Knowledge Sharing, and Creativity: The Key Factors in Nurses’ Innovative Behaviors

Objective: This study identified the factors that affect the innovative behaviors of nurses at general hospitals based on their individual and organizational characteristics. Background: The predictors of innovative nursing behaviors, such as self-leadership, individual knowledge sharing, creative self-efficacy, organizational knowledge sharing, and innovative organizational cultures, should be explored at individual and organizational level. Methods: This study administered a cross-sectional survey to 347 registered nurses working at 6 general hospitals (with >300 beds) in central South Korea. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Self-leadership, creative self-efficacy, and individual knowledge sharing directly affected individual innovative behaviors. Organizational knowledge sharing indirectly affected individual innovative behaviors, and this effect was mediated by an innovative organizational culture. Conclusions: This study contributes to the knowledge base regarding the effective management of individuals and organizations through innovative behavior; furthermore, it provides future directions for nursing interventions.
Transmitter Design and Hardware Considerations for Different Space Modulation Techniques

Space modulation techniques (SMTs), in which some or all of the data bits modulate a block of spatial constellation symbol, are promising candidates for future 5G wireless systems. They promise data rate enhancements while maintaining low energy consumption, hardware cost, and computational complexity. As such, they attracted significant research interest in the past few years. One of the major assets of SMTs is the assumption that they can operate with a single RF chain at the transmitter even though multiple antennas might be activated at one time instant. Thus far, this claim is anticipated in several research articles but the transmitter designs of the different SMTs with a single RF chain are not addressed yet in the literature. SMTs include different system configurations, such as spatial modulation, space shift keying, quadrature spatial modulation, and quadrature space shift keying. The required hardware components to implement a transmitter for each of these systems with the minimum number of RF-chains are discussed in this paper. In addition, hardware limitations and the impact of different hardware blocks on the overall system performance are discussed. Besides, a comparison among different schemes along with conventional spatial multiplexing algorithm in terms of power consumption, hardware cost, probability of error, and receiver computational complexity is presented. It is shown that some of these techniques can operate without any RF-chain while a single-RF chain is sufficient for other systems. Moreover, these schemes can be traded off in terms of energy savings, complexity, performance, and cost.
Targeted Mining of Top-k High Utility Itemsets

Finding high-importance patterns in data is an emerging data mining task known as High-utility itemset mining (HUIM). Given a minimum utility threshold, a HUIM algorithm extracts all the high-utility itemsets (HUIs) whose utility values are not less than the threshold. This can reveal a wealth of useful information, but the precise needs of users are not well taken into account. In particular, users often want to focus on patterns that have some specific items rather than find all patterns. To overcome that difficulty, targeted mining has emerged, focusing on user preferences, but only preliminary work has been conducted. For example, the targeted high-utility itemset querying algorithm (TargetUM) was proposed, which uses a lexicographic tree to query itemsets containing a target pattern. However, selecting the minimum utility threshold is difficult when the user is not familiar with the processed database. As a solution, this paper formulates the task of targeted mining of the top-k high-utility itemsets and proposes an efficient algorithm called TMKU based on the TargetUM algorithm to discover the top-k target high-utility itemsets (top-k THUIs). At the same time, several pruning strategies are used to reduce memory consumption and execution time. Extensive experiments show that the proposed TMKU algorithm has good performance on real and synthetic datasets.
Wavelet packet approximation

ABSTRACT Wavelet packet expansions have been the centre of many research problems in the last few years. We begin by furnishing few results related to approximation of functions of using wavelet packets. ‘Orthogonal Coifman wavelet packet (in short OCWP) systems’ followed by ‘biorthogonal Coifman wavelet packet (in short BCWP) systems’ with the vanishing moments distributed equally between the scaling function and the wavelet packet functions have been introduced and thereby wavelet packet approximation theorem is given. It was known earlier that, ‘Hilbert transform of wavelet is again a wavelet. ’ This motivated us to seek whether ‘Hilbert transform of wavelet packets are again wavelet packets’ or not? The answer to this query has been addressed and certain results have been given in this direction. Finally, Hartley-like wavelet packets have been introduced and results by Hernández and Weiss have been generalized.
Evaluating Wheat Suppliers Using Fuzzy MCDM Technique

Wheat has significantly impacted food security in numerous countries. Like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, Jordan’s daily diet contains a sizable amount of wheat. Further, Jordan is dealing with several issues, including rapid population growth, water scarcity, widespread urbanization, and limited agricultural wheat production. Thus, it imports most of its wheat and wheat products. Moreover, the method of selecting suppliers in Jordan is unique, as private importers import for the benefit of the government, and thus, the selection of suppliers is carried out by importers. This study aims to examine the various supplier selection approaches to determine Jordan’s primary wheat suppliers and rank them according to specified criteria. The fuzzy-VIKOR approach was used to assess, select, and rank the best wheat suppliers in Jordan. The findings suggest that Romania is the best supplier of wheat for Jordan. It is recognized as the most affordable and trustworthy supplier since it is nearby, has strong links through official channels, and is flexible. Suppliers are subject to change or adjust their offerings as a result of changes in the global economy, wheat prices at the source, exchange rates, transportation and handling costs, crises, and national export levies. This study will help importers, decision-makers, and others concerned with wheat imports as a strategic commodity identify and select suppliers.
Anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoid derivates

Background and purpose Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals found abundantly in various plants. Scientific evidence has revealed that flavonoids display potential biological activities, including their ability to alleviate inflammation. This activity is closely related to their action in blocking the inflammatory cascade and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory factors. However, as flavonoids typically have poor bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile, it is quite challenging to establish these compounds as a drug. Nevertheless, progressive advancements in drug delivery systems, particularly in nanotechnology, have shown promising approaches to overcome such challenges. Review approach This narrative review provides an overview of scientific knowledge about the mechanism of action of flavonoids in the mitigation of inflammatory reaction prior to delivering a comprehensive discussion about the opportunity of the nanotechnology-based delivery system in the preparation of the flavonoid-based drug. Key results Various studies conducted in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have deciphered that the anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids are closely linked to their ability to modulate various biochemical mediators, enzymes, and signalling pathways involved in the inflammatory processes. This compound could be encapsulated in nanotechnology platforms to increase the solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity of flavonoids as well as reduce the toxic effects of these compounds. Conclusion In Summary, we conclude that flavonoids and their derivates have given promising results in their development as new anti-inflammatory drug candidates, especially if they formulate in nanoparticles.
Lagrangian transport simulations using the extreme convection parametrization: an assessment for the ECMWF reanalyses

Atmospheric convection plays a key role in tracer transport from the planetary boundary layer to the free tropo-sphere. Lagrangian transport simulations driven by global meteorological input data (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) meteorological (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) fields (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) from (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) global (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) models (cid:58)(cid:58) or (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) reanalysis (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58) products, (cid:58) such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ’ (ECMWF’’ (cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)(cid:58)
CalibFPA: A Focal Plane Array Imaging System based on Online Deep-Learning Calibration

Compressive focal plane arrays (FPA) enable cost-effective high-resolution (HR) imaging by acquisition of several multiplexed measurements on a low-resolution (LR) sensor. Multiplexed encoding of the visual scene is typically performed via electronically controllable spatial light modulators (SLM). An HR image is then reconstructed from the encoded measurements by solving an inverse problem that involves the forward model of the imaging system. To capture system non-idealities such as optical aberrations, a mainstream approach is to conduct an offline calibration scan to measure the system response for a point source at each spatial location on the imaging grid. However, it is challenging to run calibration scans when using structured SLMs as they cannot encode individual grid locations. In this study, we propose a novel compressive FPA system based on online deep-learning calibration of multiplexed LR measurements (CalibFPA). We introduce a piezo-stage that locomotes a pre-printed fixed coded aperture. A deep neural network is then leveraged to correct for the influences of system non-idealities in multiplexed measurements without the need for offline calibration scans. Finally, a deep plug-and-play algorithm is used to reconstruct images from corrected measurements. On simulated and experimental datasets, we demonstrate that CalibFPA outperforms state-of-the-art compressive FPA methods. We also report analyses to validate the design elements in CalibFPA and assess computational complexity.