Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is the subtype of dementia in patients with fragility hip fracture?

Introduction Cognitive function is an important factor that affects functional recovery after hip fracture (HipFx) surgery. The literature on the pathophysiology of dementia in HipFx patients is scarce. We performed a differential diagnosis of dementia in HipFx patients using clinical and brain MRI findings. Methods This is a prospective study in which brain MRI was evaluated for patients with HipFx for research purposes. One-hundred-and-five HipFx patients (85 females and 20 males) who underwent surgery and were subsequently able to undergo brain MRI at our hospital were evaluated. The mean age was 84 years. The presence of dementia was determined based on clinical findings and whether the patient meets its diagnostic criteria according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Edition (ICD-10). The differential diagnosis of dementia was made based on brain MRI findings and the dementia diagnostic flow chart published in the Clinical Practice Guideline for Dementia 2017 (Japanese Society of Neurology). The Voxel-based Specific Regional Analysis System for Alzheimer’s Disease (VSRAD) advance 2 diagnostic software was used to evaluate atrophy of the para-hippocampal gyrus. Results Fifty-six (53%) patients were clinically diagnosed with dementia according to the ICD-10 criteria. The MRI findings were diverse: Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-type, asymptomatic multiple ischemic cerebral lesions, past symptomatic cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, Binswanger’s disease (BW)-type, chronic subdural hematoma, disproportionately enlarged subarachnoidal hydrocephalus (DESH), and their combinations thereof. A combination of MRI and clinical findings of dementia patients demonstrated the following distribution of dementia subtypes: AD (n = 20), vascular dementia (n = 33), AD and BW vascular dementia (n = 3). Conclusion This study revealed that the brain MRI findings of HipFx patients were diverse. Although vascular dementia is found to be common in this particular population, this could be an incidental finding. Further study is warranted to clarify the specificity of our findings by increasing the number of patients, setting the control, and investigating whether dementia subtypes affect postoperative gait acquisition and fall risk.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Iron Deficiency Anemia During Pregnancy: Recommendation of the Austrian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG)

This overview analyzes the data on the controversial therapy of iron substitution during pregnancy, the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia and the indication-related therapy, and is the first recommendation issued by the OEGGG on the appropriate therapy. The effects of anemia during pregnancy on postnatal outcomes have been intensively investigated with heterogeneous results. A final scientific conclusion with regards to the “optimal” maternal hemoglobin level is limited by the heterogeneous results of various studies, many of which were conducted in emerging nations (with different dietary habits and structural differences in the respective healthcare systems). The current literature even suggests that there may be a connection between both decreased and increased maternal serum hemoglobin concentrations and unfavorable short-term and long-term neonatal outcomes. In Austria, 67 percent of pregnant women take pharmacological supplements or use a variety of dietary supplements. Clinically, the prevalence of maternal anemia is often overestimated, leading to overtreatment of pregnant women (iron substitution without a medical indication). To obtain a differential diagnosis, a workup of the indications for treatment should be carried out prior to initiating any form of iron substitution during pregnancy. If treatment is medically indicated, oral iron substitution is usually sufficient. Because of the restricted approval and potential side effects, medical indications for intravenous iron substitution should be limited. Intravenous iron substitution without a prior detailed diagnostic workup is an off-label use and should only be used in very limited cases, and women should be advised accordingly.
An Enduring Relationship

Schade Lagertechnik (Aumund Group) is proud to be associated with Asia Cement and its cement production facilities located both within Taiwan and along the Yangtze river, all of which are now serviced by Schade stacker and reclaimer equipment, handling raw materials, additives and solid fuels. Within the Asia Cement group Schade has delivered examples of virtually every combination of equipment, as outlined herein by Barry Woodbine.
LAPTM4B‐35 promotes cancer cell migration via stimulating integrin beta1 recycling and focal adhesion dynamics

Metastasis is the main cause of cancer patients' death despite tremendous efforts invested in developing the related molecular mechanisms. During cancer cell migration, cells undergo dynamic regulation of filopodia, focal adhesion, and endosome trafficking. Cdc42 is imperative for maintaining cell morphology and filopodia, regulating cell movement. Integrin beta1 activates on the endosome, the majority of which distributes itself on the plasma membrane, indicating that endocytic trafficking is essential for this activity. In cancers, high expression of lysosome‐associated protein transmembrane 4B (LAPTM4B) is associated with poor prognosis. LAPTM4B‐35 has been reported as displaying plasma membrane distribution and being associated with cancer cell migration. However, the detailed mechanism of its isoform‐specific distribution and whether it relates to cell migration remain unknown. Here, we first report and quantify the filopodia localization of LAPTM4B‐35: mechanically, that specific interaction with Cdc42 promoted its localization to the filopodia. Furthermore, our data show that LAPTM4B‐35 stabilized filopodia and regulated integrin beta1 recycling via interaction and cotrafficking on the endosome. In our zebrafish xenograft model, LAPTM4B‐35 stimulated the formation and dynamics of focal adhesion, further promoting cancer cell dissemination, whereas in skin cancer patients, LAPTM4B level correlated with poor prognosis. In short, this study establishes an insight into the mechanism of LAPTM4B‐35 filopodia distribution, as well as into its biological effects and its clinical significance, providing a novel target for cancer therapeutics development.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and indels identified from whole-genome re-sequencing of four Chinese donkey breeds

Abstract This paper represents the fundamental report of the survey of genome-wide changes of four Chinese indigenous donkey breeds, Dezhou (DZ), Guangling (GL), North China (NC), and Shandong Little donkey (SDL), and the findings will prove usefully for identification of biomarkers that perhaps predict or characterize the growth and coat color patterns. Three genomic regions in CYP3A12, TUBGCP5, and GSTA1 genes, were identified as putative selective sweeps in all researched donkey populations. The loci of candidate genes that may have contributed to the phenotypes in body size (ACSL4, MSI2, ADRA1B, and CDKL5) and coat color patterns (KITLG and TBX3) in donkey populations would be found in underlying strong selection signatures when compared between large and small donkey types, and between different coat colors. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, F ST, and principal component analysis (PCA) supported that each population cannot clearly deviate from each other, showing no obvious population structure. We can conclude from the population history that the formation processes between DZS and NC, GL, and SDL are completely different. The genetic variants discovered here provide a rich resource to help identify potential genomic markers and their associated molecular mechanisms that impact economically important traits for Chinese donkey breeding programs.
Supramaximal Activation Increases Motor Unit Velocity of Unloaded Shortening

It has been shown that the rate of tension generation (dP/dt) continues to increase with increasing stimulation rates, even after maximal tetanic tension has been achieved. Since dP/dt is directly proportional to unloaded shortening velocity, it was questioned whether supramaximal stimulation rates would increase shortening velocity. To test the relationship of velocity and stimulation rate, slack tests were performed on motor units isolated in the rat soleus muscles. For each motor unit tested, two slack tests were performed at two different stimulation rates: one rate yielded a maximal tetanic tension with a "slow" dP/dt (PO) and the other rate yielded a maximal tetanic tension with a "fast" dP/dt (RG). The two stimulation rates (PO and RG) had significantly different effects (p < .05) on motor unit shortening velocity, with the RG rate yielding a shortening velocity greater than that of PO by an average of 13 ± 6%. This suggests that rate coding could be used to grade motor unit power production by gra.
The effects of high temperatures and nitrogen availability on the growth and composition of the marine diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus.

The assimilation of inorganic nutrients by phytoplankton strongly depends on environmental conditions such as the availability of nitrogen (N) and temperature, especially warming. The acclimation or adaptation of different species to such changes remains poorly understood. Here, we used a multimethod approach to study the viability, and physiological and biochemical responses of the marine diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus to different temperatures (15, 25, and 30 °C) and different N: phosphorus (P) ratios (N-excess (N:P = 50:1), optimal (N:P = 16:1), and N-limiting (N:P = 2:1)). N limitation had a greater effect than high temperature on cell growth and reproduction, leading to a marked elongation of setae, decreased P assimilation, increased lipid accumulation and decreased protein synthesis. The elongation of setae observed under these conditions may serve to increase the surface area available for the uptake of inorganic and/or organic nitrogen. In contrast, high temperatures (30 °C) had a stronger effect than N deficiency on cell death, N assimilation, chlorophyll a accumulation, the cessation of setae formation and cell lipid remodelling. Significant changes in thylakoid lipids were observed in cells maintained at 30 °C, with increased levels of digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG). These changes may be explained by the role of galactolipids in thylakoid membrane stabilization during heat stress.
Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivery: Review of an Emerging Technology

Vaccination has produced a great improvement to the global health by decreasing/eradicating many infectious diseases responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Thanks to vaccines, many infections affecting childhood have been greatly decreased or even eradicated (smallpox, measles, and polio). That is why great efforts are made to achieve mass vaccination against COVID-19. However, developed vaccines face many challenges with regard to their safety and stability. Moreover, needle phobia could prevent a significant proportion of the population from receiving vaccines. In this context, microneedles (MNs) could potentially present a solution to address these challenges. MNs represent single dose administration systems that do not need reconstitution or cold-chain storage. Being self-administered, pain-free, and capable of producing superior immunogenicity makes them a more attractive alternative. This review explores microneedles’ types, safety, and efficacy in vaccine delivery. Preclinical and clinical studies for microneedle-based vaccines are discussed and patent examples are included.
The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease Alliance

Abstract Objective To describe the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) sponsored Disparities Elimination through Coordinated Interventions to Prevent and Control Heart and Lung Disease (DECIPHeR) Alliance to support late‐stage implementation research aimed at reducing disparities in communities with high burdens of cardiovascular and/or pulmonary disease. Study Setting NHBLI funded seven DECIPHeR studies and a Coordinating Center. Projects target high‐risk diverse populations including racial and ethnic minorities, urban, rural, and low‐income communities, disadvantaged children, and persons with serious mental illness. Two projects address multiple cardiovascular risk factors, three focus on hypertension, one on tobacco use, and one on pediatric asthma. Study Design The initial phase supports planning activities for sustainable uptake of evidence‐based interventions in targeted communities. The second phase tests late‐stage evidence‐based implementation strategies. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Not applicable. Principal Findings We provide an overview of the DECIPHeR Alliance and individual study designs, populations, and settings, implementation strategies, interventions, and outcomes. We describe the Alliance's organizational structure, designed to promote cross‐center partnership and collaboration. Conclusions The DECIPHeR Alliance represents an ambitious national effort to develop sustainable implementation of interventions to achieve cardiovascular and pulmonary health equity.
The question of the question: impactful implementation science to address the HIV epidemic

Questions about the implementation of evidence‐based intervention to treat and prevent HIV have risen to the top of the field's scientific priorities. Despite the availability of highly efficacious treatment and prevention interventions, impact has fallen short of targets because these interventions are used with insufficient reach, consistency, sustainability and equity in diverse real‐world settings. At present, substantial excitement for implementation science — defined as research methods and strategies to improve use of evidence‐based interventions — has focused on developing and disseminating methods to conduct rigorous research. Yet, impactful answers depend on a sometimes less visible, but even more important, step: asking good questions about implementation.
Individual repeatability of avian migration phenology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Changes in phenology and distribution are being widely reported for many migratory species in response to shifting environmental conditions. Understanding these changes and the situations in which they occur can be aided by understanding consistent individual differences in phenology and distribution and the situations in which consistency varies in strength or detectability. Studies tracking the same individuals over consecutive years are increasingly reporting migratory timings to be a repeatable trait, suggesting that flexible individual responses to environmental conditions may contribute little to population‐level changes in phenology and distribution. However, how this varies across species and sexes, across the annual cycle and in relation to study (tracking method, study design) and/or ecosystem characteristics is not yet clear. Here, we take advantage of the growing number of publications in movement ecology to perform a phylogenetic multilevel meta‐analysis of repeatability estimates for avian migratory timings to investigate these questions. Of 2,433 reviewed studies, 54 contained suitable information for meta‐analysis, resulting in 177 effect sizes from 47 species. Individual repeatability of avian migratory timings averaged 0.414 (95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.5) across landbirds, waterbirds and seabirds, suggesting consistent individual differences in migratory timings is a common feature of migratory systems. Timing of departure from the non‐breeding grounds was more repeatable than timings of arrival at or departure from breeding grounds, suggesting that conditions encountered on migratory journeys and outcome of breeding attempts can influence individual variation. Population‐level shifts in phenology could arise through individual timings changing with environmental conditions and/or through shifts in the numbers of individuals with different timings. Our findings suggest that, in addition to identifying the conditions associated with individual variation in phenology, exploring the causes of between‐individual variation will be key in predicting future rates and directions of changes in migratory timings. We therefore encourage researchers to report the within‐ and between‐ individual variance components underpinning the reported repeatability estimates to aid interpretation of migration behaviour. In addition, the lack of studies in the tropics means that levels of repeatability in less strongly seasonal environments are not yet clear.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in adult patients with primary restless legs syndrome.

Comorbidity between Restless Legs Syndrome and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder remains a matter of debate. This putative association, possibly reflecting a shared brain iron homeostasis and dopaminergic dysfunction, supports the hypothesis of a neurodevelopmental component in Restless Legs Syndrome pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder symptoms prevalence in adult patients with primary Restless Legs Syndrome compared to another ill group of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to control for the disease specific effects on psychiatric symptoms and a healthy individuals control group. Clinical data were obtained through standardized and validated self-administrated questionnaires evaluating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder symptoms frequencies in 139 outpatients with idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome, 111 patients with treated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and 136 healthy subjects. Our findings demonstrate a higher prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms among both male and female patients with Restless Legs Syndrome, compared to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients and healthy subjects (33.3 and 43.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). Only women presented a strong relationship between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome severity (p < 0.001). Male and female in the three groups showed similar Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder symptom prevalence. These findings indicate that Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms among adult patients with Restless Legs Syndrome populations are a robust phenomenon. These data provide arguments in favor of an enlargement of the clinical neuropsychological presentation of Restless Legs Syndrome and question the role of decreased brain iron of these psychiatric symptoms.
Disturbance rejection-based LFC for multi-area parallel interconnected AC/DC system

AC/DC hybrid system plays an important role in large-capacity and long-distance power transmission. Moreover, load frequency control (LFC) of AC/DC hybrid system is very essential for the safe operation of power grid. Since LFC in essence stems from the power imbalance of the area caused by the variations of the generating and consuming party, this study presents a novel disturbance rejection-based (DRB) LFC scheme to eliminate this power imbalance, thus achieving frequency and AC tie-lie interchange power stability. This study assumes only part of the LFC system states information is measurable and utilises extended states observer to estimate the unmeasurable states including the disturbances. Moreover, then a composite feedback controller is designed utilising both the measurable and observed states information. The proposed DRB LFC schemes retain the structure of the LFC model and sufficiently utilise measurable states information for controller design, which has good engineering applicability compared with robust or intelligent LFC scheme. A multi-area system containing three subareas with parallel interconnected AC/DC link is studied and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Comparison of the analytical performance of the Oncomine dx target test focusing on bronchoscopic biopsy forceps size in non‐small cell lung cancer

Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has been implemented in clinical oncology to analyze multiple genes and to guide targeted therapy. Although the pathological diagnosis and biomarker tests for patients with advanced lung cancer have mostly been obtained with small biopsy samples, especially with bronchoscopic approaches, the performance for NGS with respect to the different sizes of biopsy forceps remains little known.
Agricultural Sector: Status, Challenges and it's Role in Indian Economy

The Indian agricultural sector accounts for 13.9% of India's gross domestic product (GDP) and employs just a little less than 54.6% of the country's workforce. The Department of Agriculture and Cooperation under the Ministry of Agriculture is the nodal organization responsible for the development of the agriculture sector in India. The purpose of the study is to understand the status of Indian agriculture sector, various kinds of challenges, and obstacles in front of farmers, agro industry and governments for the development in agriculture in critical uncontrollable environments, also to know various Government initiatives, investments, policies for the development of agriculture and role of agriculture in Indian economy.
Effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study

Ginger, the powdered rhizome of the herb Zingiber officinale, is commonly used as a traditional medicine in many areas around the world. Anti‐inflammatory actions of its extract have been previously reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ginger extract on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and interleukin (IL) expression from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) in vitro.
Machine Learning for the Orthopaedic Surgeon

➤ Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in which computer algorithms are trained to make classifications and predictions based on patterns in data. The utilization of these techniques is rapidly expanding in the field of orthopaedic research. ➤ There are several domains in which machine learning has application to orthopaedics, including radiographic diagnosis, gait analysis, implant identification, and patient outcome prediction. ➤ Several limitations prevent the widespread use of machine learning in the daily clinical environment. However, future work can overcome these issues and enable machine learning tools to be a useful adjunct for orthopaedic surgeons in their clinical decision-making.
Effects of elevation of ANP and its deficiency on cardiorenal function

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), encoded by Nppa, is a vasodilatory hormone that promotes salt excretion. Genome-wide association studies identified Nppa as a causative factor of blood pressure development, and in humans, ANP levels were suggested as an indicator of salt sensitivity. This study aimed to provide insights into the effects of ANP on cardiorenal function in salt-sensitive hypertension. To address this question, hypertension was induced in SSNPPA–/– (KO of Nppa in the Dahl salt-sensitive [SS] rat background) or SSWT (WT Dahl SS) rats by a high-salt (HS) diet challenge (4% NaCl for 21 days). Chronic infusion of ANP in SSWT rats attenuated the increase in blood pressure and cardiorenal damage. Overall, the SSNPPA–/– strain demonstrated higher blood pressure and intensified cardiac fibrosis (with no changes in ejection fraction) compared with SSWT rats. Furthermore, SSNPPA–/– rats exhibited kidney hypertrophy and higher glomerular injury scores, reduced diuresis, and lower sodium and chloride excretion than SSWT when fed a HS diet. Additionally, the activity of epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) was found to be increased in the collecting ducts of the SSNPPA–/– rats. Taken together, these data show promise for the therapeutic benefits of ANP and ANP-increasing drugs for treating salt-sensitive hypertension.