Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Analysis of a Capsule Vehicle for a Manned Exploration Mission to Mars

The paper deals with the aerodynamic analysis of a manned braking system entering the Mars atmosphere, with the aim to support planetary entry system design studies. The capsule configuration is an axisymmetric blunt body close to the Apollo capsule. Several fully three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics analyses have been performed to assess the flowfield environment around the vehicle to address the aerodynamic performance of the entry capsule within mission exploration to Mars. To this end, a wide range of flow conditions including reacting and non-reacting flow, different angles of attack, and Mach numbers have been investigated and compared. Moreover, non-equilibrium effects on the flowfield around the capsule have been also investigated. Results show that real-gas effects, for all the angles of attach considered, increase both the aerodynamic drag and pitching moment, whereas the lift is only slighted affected. Finally, results comparisons highlight that experimental and CFD aerodynamic findings available for the Apollo capsule in air adequately represent the static coefficients of the capsule in the Mars atmosphere.
Skrining Fitokimia Hasil Ekstraksi Bertingkat Daun Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Zat Antijamur

Phytochemical screening and antifungal activity test of jengkol leaf (Archidendron jiringa) extract have been carried out. The purpose of this research is determine secondary metabolite content and antifungal activities of jengkol leaf extract. Extraction of jengkol leaf was conducted with sequential extraction technique with various solvent such as hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol respectively. FTIR characterization of jengkol leaf extract show the presence of O-H, C-H C-O and C=O groups. Based on phytochemical sceening test, jengkol leaf extract contains phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, sterol, and alkaloid compound. Antifungal test was investigated on Candida albicans by disc diffusion methods. Jengkol leaf extract that was obtained from methanol extraction show inhibiton zone to Candida albicans of (1,42 ± 0,16) mm, while extraction with ethyl acetate and hexane aren’t show inhibition zone. Antifungal test result showed that jengkol leaf extract has potential as antifungal agent
On Galerkin methods

The classical Ritz-Galerkin method for variational problems is stable and convergent if, for linear problems, the underlying functional is coercive. For pseudo-diferential equations, the more general essential property is strong ellipticity. For Galerkin-Petrov methods, an additional mapping of the test onto the trial spaces allows the reduction of the stability and convergence analysis from rather general problems and methods to the above mentioned standard case. Several examples of this approach will be presented including collocation methods for elliptic boundary integral equations and also Galerkin-like schemes for nonelliptic problems.
Luminosity evolution, extragalactic background light and the opacity of the universe

Recent observations of the evolution of the luminosity density of the Universe with look-back time and measurements of the extragalactic background light (EBL) can be used to constrain the apparent redshift of the peak in the luminosity density at optical, near-infrared (NIR) and far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths. The optical (450 nm) luminosity density is found to peak in the interval 1.0<z<1.8, the NIR (1000 nm) in 1.0<z<4.4 and the FIR (240-1000 μm) in 0.25<z<∞. From the observed spectral energy distribution in the FIR, we conclude that the EBL in the FIR is significantly affected by emission from sources at high redshift (z~4). The determined peaks in the luminosity density are difficult to reconcile with standard models of galaxy evolution. We suggest that the observations in the optical and the NIR may be affected by optical depth effects. Given the apparent evolution of the FIR luminosity density we conclude that the Universe becomes opaque at redshifts of z=1-3.
Scap distribution of alpha attenuation related to binocular rivalry

両眼視野闘争過程と脳波との関連性を調べるため, 10名の被験者を対象に, 視野闘争時における自発脳波を頭表全体をカバーする12点で測定し, スペクトル解析を行った. 視野闘争を生じさせるために用いた刺激は, 方向の異なる競合する2本の直線である. 比較のため, 各被験者の視野融合時ならびに閉眼安静時の脳波のスペクトル解析を行った. その結果, スペクトルで最も特徴的な変化のみられたのはα波帯域 (8～13Hz) であった. 閉眼時におけるα波の振幅に対する視野闘争時のα波の振幅の, 頭皮上における減衰率分布を求め, 視野融合時の減衰率分布との比較・検討を行った結果, 視野融合時のα波の減衰率には部位による有意な差が認められなかったのに対し, 視野闘争時には後頭部で有意に大きく減衰していることが明らかとなった.
Proposal for a graphene-based all-spin logic gate

In this work, we present a graphene-based all-spin logic gate (G-ASLG) that integrates the functionalities of perpendicular anisotropy magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) with spin transport in graphene-channel. It provides an ideal integration of logic and memory. The input and output states are defined as the relative magnetization between free layer and fixed layer of p-MTJs. They can be probed by the tunnel magnetoresistance and controlled by spin transfer torque effect. Using lateral non-local spin valve, the spin information is transmitted by the spin-current interaction through graphene channels. By using a physics-based spin current compact model, the operation of G-ASLG is demonstrated and its performance is analyzed. It allows us to evaluate the influence of parameters, such as spin injection efficiency, spin diffusion length, contact area, the device length, and their interdependence, and to optimize the energy and dynamic performance. Compared to other beyond-CMOS solutions, longer spin information transport length (∼μm), higher data throughput, faster computing speed (∼ns), and lower power consumption (∼μA) can be expected from the G-ASLG.
Noninvasive estimation of mean pulmonary artery pressure by CMR in under 2 minutes scan time

Background: Non-invasive estimation of mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) four-dimensional (4D) flow analysis has shown excellent agreement with invasive right heart catheterization. However, clinical application is limited by relatively long scan times. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and time reduction of compressed sensing (CS) accelerated acquisition for mPAP estimation. Methods: Patients (n=51) referred for clinical CMR at 1.5T or 3T underwent imaging with both a prototype CS-accelerated and a non-CS-accelerated flow sequence acquiring time-resolved multiple 2D slice phase contrast three-directional velocity-encoded images covering the pulmonary artery. Prototype software was used for blinded analysis of pulmonary artery (PA) vortex duration to estimate mPAP as previously validated. Results: CS-accelerated and non-CS-accelerated acquisition showed increased mPAP in 22/51 (43%) and 24/51 (47%) patients, respectively. Mean bias for estimating mPAP between the two methods was 0.1+-1.9 mmHg and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97 [95% confidence interval 0.94-0.98]. Effective scan time was lower for the CS-accelerated acquisition (1 min 55 sec +- 27 sec vs 9 min 6 sec +- 2 min 20 sec, p<0.001, 79% reduction). Conclusions: CS-accelerated CMR acquisition enables preserved accuracy for estimating mPAP compared to a non-CS-accelerated sequence, allowing for an average scan time of less than 2 minutes. CS-acceleration thereby increases the clinical utility of CMR 4D flow analysis to estimate mPAP.
Estimating and visualising multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses within a radial framework

Background: Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) is a statistical approach using genetic variants as instrumental variables to estimate direct causal effects of multiple exposures on an outcome simultaneously. In univariable MR findings are typically illustrated through plots created using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), yet analogous plots for MVMR have so far been unavailable due to the multidimensional nature of the analysis. Methods: We propose a radial formulation of MVMR, and an adapted Galbraith radial plot, which allows for the direct effect of each exposure within an MVMR analysis to be visualised. Radial MVMR plots facilitate the detection of outlier variants, indicating violations of one or more assumptions of MVMR. In addition, the RMVMR R package is presented as accompanying software for implementing the methods described. Results: We demonstrate the effectiveness of the radial MVMR approach through simulations and applied analyses, estimating the effect of lipid fractions on coronary heart disease (CHD). We find evidence of a protective effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and a positive effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on CHD, however, the protective effect of HDL appeared to be smaller in magnitude when removing outlying variants. In combination with simulated examples, we highlight how important features of MVMR analyses can be explored using a range of tools incorporated within the RMVMR R package. Conclusions: Radial MVMR effectively visualises causal effect estimates, and provides valuable diagnostic information with respect to the underlying assumptions of MVMR.
Rowan Digital Works Rowan Digital Works

protein complexes and long-range DNA interactions. Using an in vivo biotinylated nuclease-deﬁcient Cas9 protein and sequence-speciﬁc guide RNAs, we show high-resolution and selective isolation of chromatin interactions at a single-copy genomic locus. Puriﬁcation of human telomeres using CAPTURE identiﬁes known and new telomeric factors. In situ capture of individual constituents of the enhancer cluster controlling human b -globin genes establishes evidence for composition-based hierarchical organization. Furthermore, unbiased analysis of chromatin interactions at disease-associated cis -elements and developmentally regulated super-enhancers reveals spatial features that causally control gene transcription. Thus, comprehensive and unbiased analysis of locus-speciﬁc regulatory composition provides mechanistic insight into genome structure and function in development and disease.
我如何诊断和治疗原发性血小板增多症

How I diagnose and treat essential thrombocythemia Zhang Lei, Fu Rongfeng 1 State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, CAMS Key Laboratory of Gene Therapy for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China; 2 Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin 301600, China Corresponding author: Zhang Lei, Email: zhanglei1@ihcams.ac. cn
Comparison of multistranded wire and fiber-reinforced composite retainers effects on periodontium: A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fixed orthodontic retainers are very important for treatment stability; however, adverse effects on the health of periodontium can be caused as a result of deposition of plaque and calculus. Objectives: To compare and determine the effects of two mandibular fixed lingual retainers on the periodontal status, and to test the null hypothesis that there would be no significant difference on the periodontium health between the patients using fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) or multistranded wire (MSW) fixed retainers. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were recruited, out of which 6 were excluded and 2 dropped out during the study. Hence, 52 subjects with mean age of 21.5 ± 3.6 years were included in the study. The sample was composed by 8 males (15.4%) and 44 females (84.6%). The participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 received fiber-reinforced composite retainer, while Group 2 received multistranded wire retainer. After insertion, plaque index, calculus index, gingival index and bleeding on probing were compared, after three months (T1), six months (T2), nine months (T3) and twelve months (T4), using Mann-Whitney test with p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant. Results: It could be seen that the health of periodontium deteriorated with the passage of time from T1 to T4 in both group of retainers. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there was no significant difference on the health of periodontium between the patients with FRC and MSW fixed retainers, hence, the null hypothesis was accepted.
Comparison of different New Radio (NR) waveforms for wireless communications

New Radio (NR) waveforms of existing wireless communication systems need further improvement in order to support future wireless communications. NR is the radio interface technology proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for 5G. Prototype Filter (PF) of NR plays a vital role in performance improvement of wireless systems. NR waveforms can adapt in a better way to different channel conditions. Some of the NR filtering techniques are Filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC). NR waveforms require performance improvement when high reliability, massive connectivity, lower power consumption, and time-critical applications are required. Areas of improvement are Power Spectral Density (PSD), Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR), Doppler Diversity, and Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This paper compares different performance parameters of Filtered-OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC using existing proto-type filters and novel proto-type filters. The novel and better PFs, described in the paper, were proposed first time by the authors and his research group. Proposed novel prototype filters for FBMC, Filtered-OFDM, and UFMC are respectively Binomial filter and Fractional Powered Binomial Filter (FPBF). With FPBF based OFDM, PSD improvement was 97.5 dB, and BER improvement was 0.07 at 0 dB SNR. With Binomial filter based FBMC, OOBE improvement was 19.7 dB and BER improvement was 0.03 at 0 dB SNR. PAPR improvement with Binomial filter based FBMC was 1.16 dB at 64-QAM and 1.1 dB at 256-QAM. With FPBF based UFMC, improvement of interference level was 122 dB within 3rd~52th sub-bands due to 1st sub-band. BER improvement was 0.09 at 0 dB SNR. SIR improvement was 5. 27 dB with 15 KHz sub-carrier spacing and 16.55 dB with 30 KHz sub-carrier spacing of UFMC. Novel NR filters, discussed in the paper, are good candidates for future 6G wireless systems.
AURA: Privacy-Preserving Augmentation to Improve Test Set Diversity in Speech Enhancement

Speech enhancement models running in production environments are commonly trained on publicly available data. This approach leads to regressions due to the lack of training/testing on representative customer data. Moreover, due to privacy reasons, developers cannot listen to customer content. This ‘ears-off’ situation motivates Aura, an end-to-end solution to make existing speech enhancement train and test sets more challenging and diverse while being sample efficient. Aura is ‘ears-off’ because it relies on a feature extractor and metrics of speech quality, DNSMOS P.835, and AECMOS, that are pre-trained on data obtained from public sources. We evalaute Aura on two speech enhancement tasks: noise suppression (NS) and audio echo cancellation (AEC). Aura samples an NS test set 0.42 harder in terms of P.835 OVRL than random sampling; and, an AEC test set 1.93 harder in AECMOS. Moreover, Aura increases diversity by 30% for NS tasks and by 530% for AEC tasks compared to greedy sampling. Moreover, Aura achieves a 26% improvement in Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (SRCC) compared to random sampling when used to stack rank NS models.
The StatCan Dialogue Dataset: Retrieving Data Tables through Conversations with Genuine Intents

We introduce the StatCan Dialogue Dataset consisting of 19,379 conversation turns between agents working at Statistics Canada and online users looking for published data tables. The conversations stem from genuine intents, are held in English or French, and lead to agents retrieving one of over 5000 complex data tables. Based on this dataset, we propose two tasks: (1) automatic retrieval of relevant tables based on a on-going conversation, and (2) automatic generation of appropriate agent responses at each turn. We investigate the difficulty of each task by establishing strong baselines. Our experiments on a temporal data split reveal that all models struggle to generalize to future conversations, as we observe a significant drop in performance across both tasks when we move from the validation to the test set. In addition, we find that response generation models struggle to decide when to return a table. Considering that the tasks pose significant challenges to existing models, we encourage the community to develop models for our task, which can be directly used to help knowledge workers find relevant tables for live chat users.
InfluencerRank: Discovering Effective Influencers via Graph Convolutional Attentive Recurrent Neural Networks

As influencers play considerable roles in social media marketing, companies increase the budget for influencer marketing. Hiring effective influencers is crucial in social influencer marketing, but it is challenging to find the right influencers among hundreds of millions of social media users. In this paper, we propose InfluencerRank that ranks influencers by their effectiveness based on their posting behaviors and social relations over time. To represent the posting behaviors and social relations, the graph convolutional neural networks are applied to model influencers with heterogeneous networks during different historical periods. By learning the network structure with the embedded node features, InfluencerRank can derive informative representations for influencers at each period. An attentive recurrent neural network finally distinguishes highly effective influencers from other influencers by capturing the knowledge of the dynamics of influencer representations over time. Extensive experiments have been conducted on an Instagram dataset that consists of 18,397 influencers with their 2,952,075 posts published within 12 months. The experimental results demonstrate that InfluencerRank outperforms existing baseline methods. An in-depth analysis further reveals that all of our proposed features and model components are beneficial to discover effective influencers.
Lyapunov exponents and phase transitions of Born-Infeld AdS black holes

In this paper, we characterize the phase transitons of Born-Infeld AdS black holes in terms of Lyapunov exponents. We calculate the Lyapunov exponents for timelike geodesics in background metric and photon geodesics in effective metric. It is found that black hole phase transitions can be described by multiple-valued Lyapunov exponents. And its phase diagram can be characterized by Lyapunov exponents and Hawking temperature. Besides, the change of Lyapunov exponents can be considered as order parameter, and exists a critical exponent 1/2 near critical point.
Elliptic cross sections in blood flow regulation

Arterial deformations arise in blood flow when surrounding tissue invades the space available for a blood vessel to maintain its circular cross section, the most immediate effects being a reduction in blood flow and redistribution of shear stress. Here we consider deformations from circular to elliptic cross sections. Solution of this problem in steady flow is fairly straightforward. The focus in the present paper is on pulsatile flow where the change from circular to elliptic cross sections is associated with a transition in the character of the equations governing the flow from Bessel to Mathieu equations. The main aim of our study is to examine the hemodynamic consequences of the change from circular to elliptic cross sections and on possible implications of this change in blood flow regulation. The study of this problem has been hampered in the past because of difficulties involved in the solution of the governing equations. In the present study we describe methods we have used to overcome some of these difficulties and present a comprehensive set of results based on these methods. In particular, vessel deformation is examined under two different conditions relevant to blood flow regulation: (i) keeping cross sectional area constant and (ii) keeping cross sectional circumference constant. The results provide an important context for the mechanism of neurovascular control of blood flow under the pathological conditions of vessel deformation. The difficulty which has characterized this problem is that it involves elements of mathematics which are well outside the scope of a clinical/physiological study, while it actually involves clinical/physiological elements which are well outside the scope of a mathematical study. We hope that the context which we provide in this paper helps resolve this difficulty.
Incorporating Unlabelled Data into Bayesian Neural Networks

Conventional Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) cannot leverage unlabelled data to improve their predictions. To overcome this limitation, we introduce Self-Supervised Bayesian Neural Networks, which use unlabelled data to learn improved prior predictive distributions by maximising an evidence lower bound during an unsupervised pre-training step. With a novel methodology developed to better understand prior predictive distributions, we then show that self-supervised prior predictives capture image semantics better than conventional BNN priors. In our empirical evaluations, we see that self-supervised BNNs offer the label efficiency of self-supervised methods and the uncertainty estimates of Bayesian methods, particularly outperforming conventional BNNs in low-to-medium data regimes.
Three-dimensional structure of hybrid magnetic skyrmions determined by neutron scattering

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically protected chiral spin textures which present opportunities for next-generation magnetic data storage and logic information technologies. The topology of these structures originates in the geometric configuration of the magnetic spins - more generally described as the structure. While the skyrmion structure is most often depicted using a 2D projection of the three-dimensional structure, recent works have emphasized the role of all three dimensions in determining the topology and their response to external stimuli. In this work, grazing-incidence small-angle neutron scattering and polarized neutron reflectometry are used to determine the three-dimensional structure of hybrid skyrmions. The structure of the hybrid skyrmions, which includes a combination of N\'eel-like and Bloch-like components along their length, is expected to significantly contribute to their notable stability, which includes ambient conditions. To interpret the neutron scattering data, micromagnetic simulations of the hybrid skyrmions were performed, and the corresponding diffraction patterns were determined using a Born approximation transformation. The converged magnetic profile reveals the magnetic structure along with the skyrmion depth profile, including the thickness of the Bloch and N\'eel segments and the diameter of the core.