Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population Structure of and Conservation Strategies for Wild Pyrus ussuriensisMaxim. in China

Pyrus ussriensisMaxim. is native to the northern part of China, but whose habitats are currently being destroyed by environmental changes and human deforestation. An investigation of population structure and genetic diversity of wild Ussurian pear is a priority in order to acquire fundamental knowledge for conservation. A total of 153 individuals of wild Ussurian pear from the main habitats, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia in China, possessed low genetic diversity as a result of habitat fragmentation. The genetic diversity of the populations in Inner Mongolia and north east of Heilongjiang was especially low and there was the possibility of inbreeding. Wild Ussurian pears were divided into 5 groups based on the Bayesian clustering method using 20 nuclear SSRs (nSSRs) and 5 groups by haplotype distributions using 16 chloroplast SSRs (cpSSRs), and the populations in Inner Mongolia and north east of Heilongjiang represented unique genotypes. AMOVA indicated there was a 20.05% variation in nSSRs and a 44.40% variation in cpSSRs among populations. These values are relatively high when compared to those of other tree species. Haplotype E, positioned in the center of the cpSSR analysis network and showed the largest number of connections with other haplotypes, represented the most important haplotype. Inner Mongolia and the north east of Heilongjiang are two areas that need urgent conservation because of their genetic vulnerability and peculiarity. We determined 4 conservation units based on the clustering by nSSRs and cpSSRs, and geographic factor. This information is helpful in deciding the conservation strategies for wild Ussurian pear in China.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a commercially available defined substrate medium and enumeration system for measuring <i>Escherichia coli</i> numbers in faeces and soil samples<link href='#fn1'>*</link>

R.W. MUIRHEAD, R . P . L ITTLEJOHN AND P.J . BREMER. 2004. Aims: To determine if a commercially available defined substrate medium and enumeration system could be utilized as an effective and accurate means of enumerating Escherichia coli in environmental samples containing faeces and soil. Methods and Results: The samples tested were either inoculated with laboratory grown E. coli or natural E. coli populations in cow faeces. The number of E. coli recovered from faeces and soil samples using the defined substrate medium and enumeration system and a miniaturized MPN method (using traditional media) was compared by analysing the difference between the two methods in relation to the mean. For four of five groups of samples analysed there was no significant difference in the number of E. coli recovered by the two methods (P > 0Æ05). In one batch the difference was 0Æ30 log, which while being statistically significant (P < 0Æ01) was not considered to be biologically significant. Conclusion: The commercially available enumeration system was significantly more precise than the miniaturized MPN method (P < 0Æ001). Significance and Impact of the Study: We conclude that the commercially available defined substrate medium and enumeration system is a suitable method for the measurement of E. coli numbers in faeces and soil samples and should provide advantages of increased precision and a reduction in laboratory analysis time.
GeneralizingFull Rank Conditions in HeteroscedasticCensored Regression Models

Powell's(1984) Censored Least Absolute Deviations (CLAD) estimator for the censored linear re- gression model has been regarded as a desirable alternative to maximum likelihood estimation methods due to its robustness to conditional heteroscedasticity and distributional misspecica- tion of the error term. However, the CLAD estimation procedure has failed in certain empirical applications (e.g. Honore et.al.(1997) and Chay(1995)) due to the restrictive nature of the \full rank" condition it requires. This condition can be especially problematic when the data is heavily censored. In this paper we introduce estimation procedures for heteroscedastic censored linear re- gression models with a much weaker identication restriction than that required for the CLAD, and which are °exible enough to allow for various degrees of censoring. The new estimators are shown to have desirable asymptotic properties and perform well in small scale simulation studies, and can thus be considered as viable alternatives for estimating censored regression models, especially for applications in which the CLAD fails.
Réplica: “La recomendación del consumo de alcohol en las `Guías alimentarias para la población española’. Un mensaje demasiado ambiguo"

Con suma satisfaccion hemos leido la carta de Galan y cols. por varios motivos: Principalmente, porque se trata de un tema sensible al que hemos dedicado muchas horas de analisis y reﬂexion y en el que nadie quiere ni puede ignorar el lado oscuro del consumo excesivo de alcohol. Tambien, porque nos permite responder sobre este tema a un verdadero aluvion de descalificaciones sin ningun redito en las redes sociales por parte de blogueros a menudo poco formados y que juegan con sus decenas de miles de seguidores. Y, por ultimo, porque nos da la oportunidad de explicar el origen de toda esta polemica (para algunos, no para nosotros) que en ningun caso empezo la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Comunitaria (SENC) en estas actualizadas Guias alimentarias para la poblacion espanola.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF RED DRAGON FRUIT EXTRACT (HYLOCEREUSPOLYRHIZUS) ON STREPTOCOCCUSMUTANS

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the red dragon fruit extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) to the growth of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: Red dragon fruit peel and pulp extract were obtained by maceration using ethanol 96%. Pathological isolates S. mutans was obtained from Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember. The inhibition testing method has used well diffusion method. The treatment is started by giving red dragon fruit peel and pulp extract concentration of 100%, 50%, 0.2% chlorhexidine and aquadest sterile in each of the wells, then incubated for 24 h and was measured using a digital caliper. The antibacterial activities were assessed by the presence of inhibition zones after incubating the plates at 37 °C for 24 h. Results: Based on the results of inhibition zone calculation, on average the biggest inhibition zone found in the positive control group(16.84 mm), then followed by peel100% (10.34 mm), peel50%(8.57 mm), pulp100% (6.79 mm), and pulp50%(5.93 mm). The higher concentration on the peel and pulp of the fruit shows the bigger inhibition zone diameter. The Kruskall-Wallis test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) and Mann Whitney test results showed a significant difference between the study group (p<0.05). Conclusion: The red dragon fruit extract (Hylocereuspolyrhizus) showed significant antibacterial activity against S. mutans, and inhibition power ability of fruit peel extract is larger in inhibiting the S. mutans than its pulp ability.
NOAA Local Climate Analysis Tool ( LCAT ) Data

AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | APRIL 2015| 537 PB With frequent references in the media to climate change, the public often requests information on climate and its impacts. Local field offices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Weather Service (NWS) encounter numerous climate-related questions, such as those related to expected weather in upcoming seasons, the causes of drought and the relationship to climate change, as well as the impacts of El Niño on snowpack. Many industries such as energy, agriculture, agribusiness, transportation, and natural resource management integrate climate information into their planning and operating procedures on a regular basis. In addition, significant changes in national and international policies regulating actions of industrial enterprises require the use of scientifically sound climate information. In the United States, one such driver is the June 2013 President’s Climate Action Plan (www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files /image/president27sclimateactionplan.pdf), which states that “[t]he Administration will continue to lead in advancing the science of climate measurement and adaptation and the development of tools for climaterelevant decision making by focusing on increasing the availability, accessibility, and utility of relevant scientific tools and information. ” NOAA Local Climate Analysis Tool (LCAT) Data, Methods, and Usability
Altered Dopamine Bioavailability and Increased Spasticity following Repetitive Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injuries in Rats

Purpose: The majority of veterans and military personnel exposed to blast- induced traumatic brain injuries (bTBIs) suffer from hyperreflexia (spasticity/ rigidity). Unfortunately, its pathophysiology has remained largely unknown, leaving limited treatment option for its management. The purpose of this study was to investigate alterations in dopamine bioavailability in the key neuronal substrates that regulate hyperreflexia following repetitive bTBIs in rats. Methods: A bTBI was induced by an overpressure blast-wave on the day 1, 4, and 7 (total of 3 injuries) in 7 adult male rats, while another cohort of 7 age- and sex-matched animals were prepared as the sham. On the day 8, the velocity-dependent ankle torques (VDATs) and the amplitudes of electromyography (EMG) signals of the triceps surae muscles were measured in all animals. On the day 9, the animals were euthanized to collect the motor/sensory cortex (MCx) and the vestibular nuclei (VN) for the determination of the dopamine contents by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC/ ECD). Results: Following repetitive bTBIs, the VDATs were significantly increased at all tested angular velocities, compared to the sham-treated animals. The amplitudes of EMG signal were also significantly increased at 6 out of 8 different angular velocities in the bTBI group. Furthermore, the HPLC/ECD analysis of the dopamine bioavailability showed a general decrease in the MCx and a significant increase in the VN following bTBIs. Conclusion: Repetitive bTBIs can induce the motor reflex dysregulation (i.e., hyperreflexia), which might be due, in part, to the bTBI-induced altered dopamine bioavailability in the MCx and/or VN.
FLOWERING NEWSLETTER REVIEW Gene networks controlling petal organogenesis

One of the biggest unanswered questions in developmental biology is how growth is controlled. Petals are an excellent organ system for investigating growth control in plants: petals are dispensable, have a simple structure, and are largely refractory to environmental perturbations that can alter their size and shape. In recent studies, a number of genes controlling petal growth have been identified. The overall picture of how such genes function in petal organogenesis is beginning to be elucidated. This review will focus on studies using petals as a model system to explore the underlying gene networks that control organ initiation, growth, and final organ morphology.
S0884291418001851 1..11

A supersaturated single-phase Cu–26 at. % Co alloy was produced by high-pressure torsion deformation, leading to a nanocrystalline microstructure with a grain size smaller than 100 nm. The nonequilibrium solid solution decomposed during subsequent isothermal annealing. In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction was used to map changes linked to the separating phases, and the development of a nanoscale Cu–Co composite structure was observed. To gain further information about the relationship of the microstructure and the mechanical properties after phase separation, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted on as-deformed and isothermally annealed samples. Based on the in situ diffraction data, different isothermal annealing temperatures were chosen. Miniaturized tensile specimens with a round cross section were tested, and an image-based data evaluation method enabled the evaluation of true stress–strain curves and strain hardening behavior. The main results are as follows: all microstructural states showed high strength and ductility, which was achieved by a combination of strain-hardening and strain-rate hardening.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REPRESENTATIVES OF “PERSON ‒ TECHNICS” GROUP OF PROFESSIONS AS A FACTOR OF JOB SATISFACTION AND EFFICACY

66 Бібліографічні посилання Anczyferova, L.Y. (2006), Razvytye lychnosty y problemi gerontopsyhologiy, «Ynstytut psyhologyy RAN», Moscow. Afanasyeva, T.O. (2012), Osoblyvosti doslidzhennya profesijnogo rozvytku majbutnogo psyhologa, Teoriya i praktyka suchasnoyi psyxologiy, Vol. 5, P. 60-62. Belan, E.A. (2011), “Zhyznennaya sytuaciya kak neobxodymoe uslovye realyzacyi aktyvnosty lychnosty”, Yaroslavskyj pedagogycheskyj vestnyk, No 2, T. II. , P. 227-231. Burlachuk, L.F. and Korzhova, E.Yu. (1998), Psyhologiya zhyznennyx sytuacyj, Ros. ped. Agentstvo, Moscow. Vaulyna, T.A. (2004), “Professyonalnoe mishlenyie psyihologa kak predmet psyhologycheskogo yssledovanyya”, Metodologycheskye problemy sovremennoj psyhologiy, yllyuzyy y realnost, Yzd-vo TGU, Tomsk. Danylova, E.E. (1990), Psyhologycheskyj analyz trudnyh sytuacyj y sposobov ovladeniya ymy u detej 9-11 let: avtoref. dys. kand. psyhol. nauk: 19.00. 07, Moscow. Dyachenko, M.Y. , Kandybovych, L.A. and Ponomarenko, V.A. (1985), Gotovnost k deyatelnosty v napryazhennyx sytuaciyyax. Psyhologycheskyj aspekt, Mynsk. Sohan, L.V. (1998), Zhyttyevi kryzy osobystosti: metodychnyj posibnyk, IZMN, Kyiv Lybyna, A.V. (2008), Sovladayushhyj yntellekt: chelovek v slozhnoj zhyznennoj sytuaciy, Eksmo, Moscow. Morosanova, V.Y. (1995), Yndyvydualnyj styl samoregulyaciy v proyzvolnoj aktyvnosty cheloveka, Psyhologycheskyj zhurnal, No 4, P. 26-35. Panyuk, V. , Tytarenko, T. Chepelyeva, N. ta in (1999), Osnovy praktychnoyi psyhologiyi, Lybid, Kyiv. Parfenova, N.B. (2009), “Yssledovanye otnoshenyya uchashhejsya molodezhy k trudnym zhyznennym syytuacyyam”, Vestnyk Pskovskogo gosudarstvennogo unyversyteta. Seryya: Socyalno-gumanytarnye y psyhologo-pedagogycheskye nauky, No 3, P. 142-146. Petrovskyj, V.A. (1992), Psyhologyya neadaptyvnoj aktyvnosty, «Gorbunok», Moscow. Syvograkova, Z.A. (2010), Psyhologichni osoblyvosti podolannya studentamy skladnyh zhyttyevyh sytuaciyi: avtoref. dys. kand. psyhol. nauk: 19.00. 07, Kyiv. Sele, G. (1982), Stress bez dystressa, Progress, Moscow. Stacenko, T.M. (2012), “Osoblyvosti skladnoyi zhyttyevoyi sytuaciyi v doroslomu vici”, Teoretychni i prykladni problemy psyhologiyi, No 2 (28), P. 292-299. Harkova, T.P. (2011), Obraz Ya y strategiy povedenyya lychnosty v trudnyx zhyznennyh sytuacyyah: avtoref. dys. kand. psyhol. nauk: 19.00. 01, Krasnodar. Yanovska, L.V. (2006), Dynamika zdatnosti do zhyttyetvorchosti osobystosti u doroslomu vici: avtoref. dys. kand. psyhol. nauk: 19.00. 07, Odessa.
Components of a System That Ligates Cyclin to Ubiquitin and Their Regulation by the Protein Kinase cdcZ

From the $Unit of Biochemistry, the B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and the Rappaport Institute for Research in Medical Sciences, lkchnion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel, the Vnstitute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, the IDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and the **Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
Synthesis of Ul RNA in Isolated Nuclei from Sea Urchin Embryos : Ul RNA Is Initiated at the First Nucleotide of the RNAt

Nuclei from sea urchin blastula embryos synthesize a variety of small RNAs, one of which has identical mobility with sea urchin Ul RNA. This RNA is synthesized by RNA polymerase II and, in a hybridizationselection experiment, was selected by the cloned sea urchin Ul gene. The Ul RNA was initiated with ATP, but not GIP, in isolated nuclei with P-Sand y-S-ribonucleotide triphosphates as substrates. The Ul RNA containing thiophosphate at the 5' end was not capped but accumulated as an uncapped transcript from which the thiophosphate could be removed with calf intestinal phosphatase.
Visions of sound: The Centro di Sonologia Computazionale, from Computer Music to Sound and Music Computing

Centro di Sonologia Computazionale (CSC) scientiﬁc research was the premise for subsequent activities of musical informatics, and is still one of the main activities of the Centre. Today CSC activities rely on a composite group of people, which include the Center board of directors and personnel, guest researchers and musicians, and particularly on master students attending the course “Sound and Music Computing” at Dept. of Information Engineering (DEI), which is historically tightly linked to the CSC. The dissemination of scientiﬁc results as well as the relationship between art and science is hard and surely not trivial. With this aim, this paper describes an exhibition that illustrated the history of CSC, from the scientiﬁc, technological and artistic points of view. This exhibition is one of the ﬁrst examples of “a museum” of Computer Music and SMC researches.
-Dependent Mechanism g by an IFN-Lethality Accelerates Graft-Versus-Host Disease Blockade of Programmed Death-1 Engagement

Acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is inﬂuenced by pathways that can enhance or reduce lethality by providing positive or negative signals to donor T cells. To date, the only reported pathway to inhibit GVHD is the CTLA-4:B7 pathway. Because absence of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway has been implicated in a predisposition to autoimmunity and hence a lack of negative signals, the effect of PD-1 pathway blockade on GVHD was explored using several distinct approaches. In each, GVHD lethality was markedly accelerated. Coblockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 was additive in augmenting GVHD, indicating that these pathways are not fully redundant. Although neither perforin nor Fas ligand expression was required for GVHD enhancement, donor IFN- (cid:1) production was required for optimal GVHD acceleration in the absence of PD-1 ligation. These data indicate that PD-1 ligation down-regulates GVHD through modulation of IFN- (cid:1) production and suggest a novel therapeutic target for inhibiting GVHD lethality. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 1272–1277.
In Vitro Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Measles Virus

In Vitro Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by Measles Virus Mayra Garcı́a, Xiao-Fang Yu, Diane E. Griffin, and William J. Moss* W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
On the Two Working Palettes of Almada Negreiros at DN Building in Lisbon (1939–1940): First Analytical Approach and Insight on the Use of Cd Based Pigments

This paper reports the first analytical approach carried out on two working palettes by Portuguese modernist master Almada Negreiros, found in 1991 behind old wood cabinets at the DN building in Lisbon. This is the only known occasion Almada left behind the color experiments done before starting to paint in the nearby walls and as such, it is a unique opportunity to analyze the materials and painting techniques that were originally used. The analytical setup comprised in loco technical photography in Vis, UVF and NIR; p-OM, spectrophotometry in Vis and h-EDXRF, complemented by OM-Vis, μ-FT-IR and VP-SEM-EDS of painting micro-samples and pigments in powder form. Preliminary results suggested the use of fresco painting technique and revealed some technical details, such as the use of a coarse lime sand finishing mortar mixed with natural vegetable fibers, and the extensive use of cadmium-based pigments that were not commonly used (or even recommended) in an alkaline environment. The Cd pigments were used alone or in mixtures with Fe based pigments in the warm hues and with cobalt and ultramarine blue pigments in some green paint layers. No clear evidence of organic materials that could have been used as binders was detected.
Special Section on Transporters in Toxicity and Disease — Minireview The Role of Canalicular ABC Transporters in Cholestasis

Cholestasis, a hallmark feature of hepatobiliary disease, is characterized by the retention of biliary constituents. Some of these constituents, such as bile acids, inflict damage to hepatocytes and bile duct cells. This damage may lead to inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually carcinogenesis, sequelae that aggravate the underlying disease and deteriorate clinical outcome. Canalicular ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which mediate the excretion of individual bile constituents, play a key role in bile formation and cholestasis. The study of these transporters and their regulatory nuclear receptors has revolutionized our understanding of cholestatic disease. This knowl-edge has served as a template to develop novel treatment strategies, some of which are currently already undergoing phase III clinical trials. In this review we aim to provide an overview of the structure, function, and regulation of canalicular ABC transporters. In addition, we will focus on the role of these transporters in the pathogenesis and treatment of cholestatic bile duct and liver diseases.
MULTISCALE AND MULTIPHYSICS MODELING OF PRESSURE DRIVEN ISCHEMIA AND ULCER FORMATION IN THE SKIN

Dharmangadan Sree, Vivek M.S.M.E, Purdue University, May 2019. Multiscale and Multiphysics Modeling of Pressure Driven Ischemia and Ulcer Formation in the Skin. Major Professor: Adrian Buganza-Tepole. Pressure ulcers (PU) are localized damage to skin and underlying tissue that forms in response to ischemia and subsequent hypoxia from external applied mechanical loads such as pressure, pressure in combinations with friction and shear. PUs are devastating injuries that disproportionately affect the older adult population. The initiating factor of pressure ulcers is local ischemia, or lack of perfusion at the microvascular level, following tissue compression against bony prominences. In turn, lack of blood flow leads to a drop in oxygen concentration, i.e, hypoxia, that ultimately leads to cell death, tissue necrosis, and disruption of tissue continuity. Despite our qualitative understanding of the initiating mechanisms of pressure ulcers, we are lacking quantitative knowledge of the relationship between applied pressure, skin mechanical properties as well as structure, and tissue hypoxia. This gap in our understanding is, at least in part, due to the limitations of current imaging technologies that cannot simultaneously image the microvascular architecture, while quantifying tissue deformation. We overcome this limitation in our work by combining realistic microvascular geometries with detailed mechanical constitutive models into a microscale finite element model of the skin. By solving boundary value problems on a representative volume element via the finite element method, we can predict blood volume fractions in response to physiological skin loading conditions (i.e., shear and compression). We then use blood volume fraction as a homogenized variable to couple tissue-level skin mechanics to an oxygen diffusion model. With our model we find that moderate levels of pressure applied to the outer skin surface lead to oxygen