Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cellular breakdown and carrier lifetimes in gold-hyperdoped silicon

Ion implantation of transition metals into Si, followed by pulsed laser melting and rapid solidification, shows promise for making Si devices with sub-band gap optoelectronic response. We study Si implanted with Au at doses ranging from 1015–1016 at cm−2, with all but the lowest dose exhibiting interface breakdown during solidification, resulting in heavily defected layers. Terahertz photocarrier lifetime measurements confirm that layers with breakdown show recombination lifetimes of about 100 ps, compared to 800 ps for a layer with no breakdown. Device measurements, however, show more photoresponse at 1550 nm in a layer with breakdown than in a layer without. The results suggest that avoiding breakdown may be desirable but might not necessarily be imperative for making a useful device.
The bispectrum covariance beyond Gaussianity - A log-normal approach

Context. To investigate and specify the statistical properties of cosmological fields with particular attention to possible non-Gaussian features, accurate formulae for the bispectrum and the bispectrum covariance are required. The bispectrum is the lowest-order statistic providing an estimate for non-Gaussianities of a distribution, and the bispectrum covariance depicts the errors of the bispectrum measurement and their correlation on different scales. Currently, there do exist fitting formulae for the bispectrum and an analytical expression for the bispectrum covariance, but the former is not very accurate and the latter contains several intricate terms and only one of them can be readily evaluated from the power spectrum of the studied field. Neglecting all higher-order terms results in the Gaussian approximation of the bispectrum covariance. Aims. We study the range of validity of this Gaussian approximation for two-dimensional non-Gaussian random fields. Methods. For this purpose, we simulate Gaussian and non-Gaussian random fields, the latter represented by log-normal fields and obtained directly from the former by a simple transformation. From the simulated fields, we calculate the power spectra, the bispectra, and the covariance from the sample variance of the bispectra, for different degrees of non-Gaussianity α, which is equivalent to the skewness on a given angular scale θg. In doing so, we minimize sample variance by selecting the same “phases” of the Gaussian and non-Gaussian fields. Results. We find that the Gaussian approximation of the bispectrum covariance provides a good approximation for degrees of nonGaussianity α ≤ 0.5 and a reasonably accurate approximation for α ≤ 1, both on scales >8θg. For larger values of α, the Gaussian approximation clearly breaks down. Using results from cosmic shear simulations, we estimate that the cosmic shear convergence fields are described by α < 0. 7a tθg ∼ 4 �� . Conclusions. We therefore conclude that the Gaussian approximation for the bispectrum covariance is likely to be applicable in ongoing and future cosmic shear studies.
Phase compensation enhancement of photon pair entanglement generated from biexciton decay in quantum dots

Exciton fine-structure splittings within quantum dots introduce phase differences between the two biexciton decay paths that greatly reduce the entanglement of photon pairs generated via biexciton recombination. We analyze this problem in the frequency domain and propose a practicable method to compensate the phase difference by inserting a spatial light modulator, which substantially improves the entanglement of the photon pairs without any loss.
The sound of music: from increased personalization to therapeutic values

Music providers like Spotify leverage music recommendation systems to connect users with relevant music. Based on content-based and collaborative-filtering statistical methods, these machine learning algorithms quantify user-song probabilities and present the highest-ranked songs. However, most music providers do not fully address their users’ music seeking and retrieval needs. Likewise, the fields of Recommender Systems (RecSys), Music Recommendation Systems (MRS) and Music Information Retrieval (MIR) remain disconnected from real-world use cases of music seeking. In this conceptual paper, we review the literature of the RecSys, MRS, MIR and Music Therapy (MT) academic fields. We discuss trends towards greater user control and personalization in the MRS and MIR fields and the connections between MT and positive health outcomes such as reductions in stress, anxiety and heart rate. We argue that greater control and visibility into the characteristics of songs and recommended items can generate positive downstream benefits. We recommend features that empower users to better seek, find, store, retrieve and learn from their musical catalogs.Results. We suggest design enhancements that recognize music’s wider psychological and physiological benefits and create opportunities to build domain knowledge. Unlocking music’s myriad benefits through the enhancements proposed would catalyze positive outcomes for business stakeholders, users and society.
Five-Year Outcomes and Return to Sport of Runners Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy for Labral Tears With or Without Femoroacetabular Impingement

Background: Recent evidence has demonstrated a high rate of return to running after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement at short-term follow-up. The midterm outcomes and rates of continued running of these patients are unknown. Purpose: To evaluate midterm rates of return to running and outcomes after hip arthroscopy. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Data were prospectively collected for patients who underwent hip preservation surgery between July 2008 and November 2011. Patients were excluded for preoperative Tönnis osteoarthritis grade ≥2, previous ipsilateral hip conditions or hip surgery, or workers’ compensation status. All patients who participated in mid- to long-distance running before their surgery and intended on returning after their operation were considered for inclusion. Preoperative and minimum 5-year postoperative measures for the following patient-reported outcome scores (PROs) were necessary for inclusion in the final cohort: the modified Harris Hip Score, Non-arthritic Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale, and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. All patients were counseled about the risks of continued running after hip arthroscopy. Results: Sixty patients (62 hips) were eligible for inclusion, of which 50 (83.3%; 52 hips) had minimum 5-year follow-up. There were 10 male hips and 42 female hips. Mean ± SD age at surgery was 32.4 ± 12.4 years (range, 14.9-62.4), and mean body mass index was 22.9 ± 3.2 (range, 17.7-30.1). Latest follow-up was recorded at a mean 69.3 ± 8.5 months (range, 60.0-92.1 months). Level of competition included 39 recreational, 7 high school, 4 collegiate, and 2 professional athletes. There were significant improvements in all PROs and VAS scores preoperatively to latest follow-up. Mean modified Harris Hip Score improved from 67.5 to 88.2; mean Non-arthritic Hip Score, from 65.9 to 88.3; mean Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale, from 49.5 to 81.0; and mean VAS, from 5.2 to 1.5. At latest follow-up, patient satisfaction was 8.4. Thirty-nine patients (78.0%, 41 hips) had returned to running postoperatively. When stratified by level of competition, 79% (31 of 39) of recreational, 100% (7 of 7) of high school, 50% (2 of 4) of collegiate, and 50% (1 of 2) of professional athletes returned to running. Conclusion: Hip arthroscopy for all levels of runners is associated with a significant increase in PROs and a low risk of complications. The rate of return to running is moderately high after hip arthroscopy at midterm follow-up. Hip arthroscopy may be considered for runners presenting with symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement that fail nonoperative treatments. Patients should be educated on the rate of return to running over time and the risks of continued running after hip arthroscopy.
Nuclear ferromagnetism induced Fulde-Ferell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state

We present a theoretical study of the influence of the nuclear ferromagnetism on superconductivity in the presence of the electron-nuclear spin interaction. It is demonstrated that in some metals, e.g. Rh, W, the BCS condensate imbedded in a matrix of ferromagnetically ordered nuclear spins should manifest the FFLO (Fulde-Ferell-LarkinOvchinnikov) state. We outline that the optimal experimental conditions for observation of FFLO could be achieved by creation, via adiabatic nuclear demagnetisation, of the negative nuclear spin temperatures. In this case the nuclear polarisation points in the opposite to the external magnetic field direction and the electromagnetic part of the nuclear spin magnetisation compensates the external magnetic field, while the exchange part creates the non-homogeneous superconducting order parameter.
Limits on Lorentz violation from the highest energy cosmic rays

We place several new limits on Lorentz violating effects, which can modify particles' dispersion relations, by considering the highest energy cosmic rays observed. Since these are hadrons, this involves considering the partonic content of such cosmic rays. We get a number of bounds on differences in maximum propagation speeds, which are typically bounded at the 10{sup -21} level, and on momentum dependent dispersion corrections of the form v=1{+-}p{sup 2}/{lambda}{sup 2}, which typically bound {lambda}>10{sup 21} GeV, well above the Planck scale. For (CPT violating) dispersion correction of the form v=1+p/{lambda}, the bounds are up to 15 orders of magnitude beyond the Planck scale.
DISSIPATIVE DYNAMICS OF COLLISIONLESS NONLINEAR ALFVEN WAVE TRAINS

The nonlinear dynamics of collisionless Alfv{grave e}n trains, including resonant particle effects, is studied using the kinetic nonlinear Schr{umlt o}dinger (KNLS) equation model. Numerical solutions of the KNLS reveal the dynamics of Alfv{acute e}n waves to be sensitive to the sense of polarization as well as the angle of propagation with respect to the ambient magnetic field. The combined effects of both wave nonlinearity and Landau damping result in the evolutionary formation of {ital stationary} S - and arc-polarized directional and rotational discontinuities. These wave forms are frequently observed in the interplanetary plasma. {copyright} {ital 1997 } {ital The American Physical Society}
The Halo Stars in NGC 5128. III: An Inner-Halo Field and the Metallicity Distribution

We present new Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 ( V, I ) photometry for ﬁeld stars in NGC 5128 at a projected distance of 8 kpc from the galaxy center, which probe a mixture of its inner halo and outer bulge. The color-magnitude diagram shows an old red-giant branch which is even broader in color than our two previously studied outer-halo ﬁelds (at 21 and 31 kpc), with signiﬁcant numbers of stars extending to Solar metallicity and higher. The peak frequency of the metallicity distribution function (MDF) is at [m/H] ≃ − 0 . 4, with even fewer metal-poor stars than in the outer-halo ﬁelds. If we use the 21- and 31-kpc ﬁelds to deﬁne template “halo” MDFs and subtract these from the 8-kpc ﬁeld, the residual “bulge” population has a mean [m/H] ≃ − 0 . 2, similar to the bulges of other large spirals and ellipticals. We ﬁnd that the main features of the halo MDF can be reproduced by a simple chemical evolution model in which early star formation goes on simultaneously with an initial stage of rapid infall of very metal-poor gas, after which the infall dies away exponentially. Finally, by comparison with the MDFs for the NGC 5128 globular clusters, we ﬁnd that in all the halo ﬁelds we have studied, there is a clear decrease of speciﬁc frequency S N (number of clusters per unit halo light) with increasing metallicity. At the lowest-metallicity range ([Fe/H] < − 1 . 6) S N This trend may indicate that globular cluster formation eﬃciency is a strong function of the metallicity of the protocluster gas. However, we suggest an alternate possibility, which is that globular clusters form preferentially sooner than ﬁeld stars. If most of the cluster formation within a host giant molecular cloud (GMC) takes place sooner than most of the distributed ﬁeld-star formation, and if the earliest, most metal-poor star-forming clouds are prematurely disrupted by their own ﬁrst bursts of star formation, then they would leave relatively few ﬁeld stars with a high − S N population. The high speciﬁc frequency at low metallicity may therefore be related to the comparably large S N values found in the most metal-poor dwarf ellipticals.
Laboratory selection, cross-resistance, and estimations of realized heritability of indoxacarb resistance in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).

BACKGROUND Cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis is a pest of cotton, vegetables, ornamentals, and medicinal plants. In many parts of the world P. solenopsis has been managed by integration of cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical methods, but in Pakistan the use of insecticide sprays has resulted in the development of resistance to some insecticides. In this study indoxacarb resistance was investigated by selecting a P. solenopsis population under laboratory conditions for many generations. The cross-resistance potential of indoxacarb resistance with other chemistries and the realized heritability of indoxacarb resistance were also evaluated. RESULTS A field population of P. solenopsis selected with indoxacarb for 27 generations had a 25 623.17-fold resistance level. The highly indoxacarb resistant population showed very high cross-resistance to spinosad and very low cross-resistance to bifenthrin and chlorpyrifos. The mean estimated h2 of resistance to indoxacarb was only 0.04. The number of generations predicted for the development of ten-fold indoxacarb resistance at a constant h2 = 0.04 against selection intensities of 10% and 95% were 346 and 36 (slope = 3.18), 237 and 25 (slope = 2.18) and 128 and 13 (slope = 1.18). However, at a constant slope = 1.18 and selection intensities of 10% and 95%, the same increase in indoxacarb resistance occurred after 128 and 13 (h2 = 0.04), 103 and 11 (h2 = 0.05), and 86 and 9 (h2 = 0.06) generations. CONCLUSION This study revealed that P. solenopsis has a very high resistance to indoxacarb as a result of laboratory selection. Thus, resistance to this insecticide in the field may also occur. Indoxacarb resistance can be minimized by rotating it with bifenthrin and/or chlorpyrifos due to its very low cross-resistance to these insecticides and by avoiding its rotation with Spinosad, which has very high cross-resistance. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Global Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Infection with Antibody Response and the Impact of Impulsive Drug Therapy

Mathematical modeling is crucial to investigating tthe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The primary target area of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is epithelial cells in the human lower respiratory tract. During this viral infection, infected cells can activate innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. Immune response in COVID-19 infection can lead to longer recovery time and more severe secondary complications. We formulate a micro-level mathematical model by incorporating a saturation term for SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cell loss reliant on infected cell levels. Forward and backward bifurcation between disease-free and endemic equilibrium points have been analyzed. Global stability of both disease-free and endemic equilibrium is provided. We have seen that the disease-free equilibrium is globally stable for R0<1, and endemic equilibrium exists and is globally stable for R0>1. Impulsive application of drug dosing has been applied for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Additionally, the dynamics of the impulsive system are discussed when a patient takes drug holidays. Numerical simulations support the analytical findings and the dynamical regimes in the systems.
Improving Plastic Dressing Clinic Burden by Reducing Punch Biopsy Referrals Using a Patient Information Leaflet: A Quality Improvement Project

Background Although being a safe intervention with low complication rates, a significant proportion of patients undergoing punch biopsies were referred to the local plastic dressing clinic (PDC) despite providing minimal utility and adding to an already heavily burdened clinic. The aim of this quality improvement (QI) project was to reduce the number of patients who had undergone a punch biopsy who were referred to PDC. The steering group included a plastic surgeon consultant, a senior outpatient department (OPD) and a PDC nurse, and a junior trainee. Process mapping and driver diagrams were used to identify a patient information leaflet as the intervention. Methods A patient information leaflet was created by the clinical lead, which included advice for postoperative wound care and when to seek medical attention. This leaflet was provided to every patient who underwent a minor operation for a skin lesion from September 2021. Operative notes of patients who underwent a punch biopsy were reviewed from October to November 2021 and from August to September 2022 to identify the number of patients who were referred to PDC. Concurrently informal feedback from patients and the process manager guided any necessary changes. Results There was a small improvement in the number of PDC referrals during October-November 2021 (46%) compared to the baseline measurements (54%). This corresponded with an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of 7%, risk ratio (RR) of 0.86, and relative risk reduction (RRR) of 14%. No changes were made at this stage. There was a much greater improvement in August-September 2022 (20%) compared to the baseline measurements with 34% ARR, 0.37 RR, and 63% RRR. Informal feedback from the process manager confirmed that every patient received a leaflet and that the patients found the leaflet very helpful. Conclusions The implementation of the patient information leaflet has led to a reduction in referrals of patients with punch biopsies to PDC. While this is a small and narrow project, it demonstrates the values of QI methodology to select a successful intervention. Furthermore, it corroborates with other studies that have shown that patient information leaflets empower patients and can help reduce the National Health Service (NHS) outpatient burden. Considering its simplicity, trialing a similar approach in other specialties is strongly encouraged.
The stratorotational instability of Taylor-Couette flows with moderate Reynolds numbers

In view of new experimental data the instability against adiabatic nonaxisymmetric perturbations of a Taylor-Couette flow with an axial density stratification is considered in dependence of the Reynolds number () of rotation and the Brunt-Väisälä number (Rn) of the stratification. The flows at and beyond the Rayleigh limit become unstable between a lower and an upper Reynolds number (for fixed Rn). The rotation can thus be too slow or too fast for the stratorotational instability. The upper Reynolds number above which the instability decays, has its maximum value for the potential flow (driven by cylinders rotating according to the Rayleigh limit) and decreases strongly for flatter rotation profiles finally leaving only isolated islands of instability in the () map. The maximal possible rotation ratio only slightly exceeds the shear value of the quasi-uniform flow with const. Along and between the lines of neutral stability the wave numbers of the instability patterns for all rotation laws beyond the Rayleigh limit are mainly determined by the Froude number which is defined by the ratio between and Rn. The cells are highly prolate for so that measurements for too high Reynolds numbers become difficult for axially bounded containers. The instability patterns migrate azimuthally slightly faster than the outer cylinder rotates.
A Hybrid Model to Predict Stock Closing Price Using Novel Features and a Fully Modified Hodrick–Prescott Filter

Forecasting stock market prices is an exciting knowledge area for investors and traders. Successful predictions lead to high financial revenues and prevent investors from market risks. This paper proposes a novel hybrid stock prediction model that improves prediction accuracy. The proposed method consists of three main components, a noise-filtering technique, novel features, and machine learning-based prediction. We used a fully modified Hodrick–Prescott filter to smooth the historical stock price data by removing the cyclic component from the time series. We propose several new features for stock price prediction, including the return of firm, return open price, return close price, change in return open price, change in return close price, and volume per total. We investigate traditional and deep machine learning approaches for prediction. Support vector regression, auto-regressive integrated moving averages, and random forests are used for conventional machine learning. Deep learning techniques comprise long short-term memory and gated recurrent units. We performed several experiments with these machine learning algorithms. Our best model achieved a prediction accuracy of 70.88%, a root-mean-square error of 0.04, and an error rate of 0.1.
Gravitational scalar field coupled directly to the Maxwell field and its effect on solar-system experiments

The effect of the massless gravitational scalar field assumed to couple directly to the Maxwell field on the solar-system experiments is estimated. We start with discussing the theoretical significance of this coupling. Rather disappointingly, however, we find that the scalar-field parameters never affect the observation in the limit of geometric optics, indicating a marked difference from the well-known contribution through the spacetime metric.
Transfer Effect in Selective Reproduction of an Implicit Sequence

Introduction . This article discusses current issues of implicit knowledge usage. A brief literature review presents the data on two types of implicit learning: 1) learning a system of rules (in artificial grammar learning) and 2) understanding the alternation patterns of stimuli (in learning sequences). This review showed that there are no results of partial reproduction of an implicitly memorized sequence. The study used the transfer effect since it allows mod-eling various conditions for usage of implicit knowledge and reduces explicit control. This study aimed to detect the transfer effect in selective sequence reproduction. Methods . The study was carried out in the sequence learning paradigm. At the first stage, a perceptual sequence was presented in the experimental group. At the second stage, the stimuli were arranged in a horizontal row. Several stimuli of this spatial sequence corresponded to the architecture of the perceived sequence of the first stage. Stimuli were presented randomly in the control groups. The sample comprised 45 subjects. Results and Discussion . The subjects of the experimental group showed a statistically significant decrease in the reaction time to the stimuli of the spatial sequence that corresponded to the architecture of the perceived sequence. Conclusion . The transfer effect was presented in selective reproduction of both an implicitly learned system of rules and patterns of stimuli alternating. The findings from this study support the idea that not only fragments but also general abstract structures of sequences are implicitly memorized. ➢ The transfer effect in the selective sequence reproduction manifests itself in an increased reaction to stimuli that were presented as elements of a previously learned implicit sequence.