Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accurate Extraction of Charge Carrier Mobility in 4‐Probe Field‐Effect Transistors

Charge carrier mobility is an important characteristic of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and other semiconductor devices. However, accurate mobility determination in FETs is frequently compromised by issues related to Schottky‐barrier contact resistance, that can be efficiently addressed by measurements in 4‐probe/Hall‐bar contact geometry. Here, it is shown that this technique, widely used in materials science, can still lead to significant mobility overestimation due to longitudinal channel shunting caused by voltage probes in 4‐probe structures. This effect is investigated numerically and experimentally in specially designed multiterminal OFETs based on optimized novel organic‐semiconductor blends and bulk single crystals. Numerical simulations reveal that 4‐probe FETs with long but narrow channels and wide voltage probes are especially prone to channel shunting, that can lead to mobilities overestimated by as much as 350%. In addition, the first Hall effect measurements in blended OFETs are reported and how Hall mobility can be affected by channel shunting is shown. As a solution to this problem, a numerical correction factor is introduced that can be used to obtain much more accurate experimental mobilities. This methodology is relevant to characterization of a variety of materials, including organic semiconductors, inorganic oxides, monolayer materials, as well as carbon nanotube and semiconductor nanocrystal arrays.
Preparation and characterization of nanocellulose from wheat bran

Nanocellulose is being studied to a great extent around the world as it has great potential and many possible applications, for example, as an additive in greener polymers in a world where the need for replacements for fossil fuel based polymers increase. Different sources of cellulose are being considered for the production of nanocellulose as this can add value to what otherwise often is a by-product. This study presents the feasibility of preparing nanocellulose from wheat bran cellulose and characterisation of the achieved material. The used cellulose had previously been extracted by an alkaline process, which removes most of the hemicellulose. The cellulose was converted to nanocellulose by acid hydrolysis and the suspensions were stabilised by ultra sound. The final products where characterised by Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The extraction procedure yielded purified cellulose, i.e. crystalline spherical nanocellulose with a diameter around 100 nm. (Less)
Near Bandgap Two-Photon Excited Luminescence of InAs Quantum Dots

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) confine carriers in three dimensions, resulting in atomic-like energy levels as well as size-dependent electrical and optical properties. Selfassembled III-V QD is one of the most studied semiconductor QDs thanks to their wellestablished fabrication techniques and versatile optical properties. This dissertation presents the photoluminescence (PL) study of the InAs/GaAs QDs with both above bandgap continuouswave excitation (one-photon excitation) and below-bandgap pulse excitation (two-photon excitation). Samples of ensemble QDs, single QD (SQD), and QDs in a micro-cavity, all grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are used in this study. Morphology of these samples was examined using atomic force microscope and transmission electron microscope. Two-photon excitation uses energy near half of the QDs ground state transition, all the way up to half of the GaAs matrix bandgap. Power dependent QDs PL with both one-photon and two-photon excitation can be described by power laws, with power index of 1 for one-photon excitation and two for twophoton excitation. Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy then provides evidence of direct two-photon absorption into the QDs when the two-photon excitation energy is resonant with the QDs state. For SQD without cavity, we observed PL of a SQD with excitation near its half bandgap. The QDs in a micro-cavity sample consists one layer of InAs QDs in a GaAs spacer sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors made of alternating layers of GaAs and AlAs. We successfully observed PL from SQD emitted from the cavity mode with excitation slightly above half of the QD’s transition. These observations help us to understand the nonlinear optical property of InAs QDs and can be potentially used in all-optical computation or reflective optical limiters.
The inflence of carrier mobility and electrical conductivity of thermoelectricity device for organic/PbTe matrix

We exhibit a structure built with inorganic and organic material nanostructure arrays. The zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method and could be the precursor model to build our nanostructure. The as-fabricated ZnO nanorods were then surrounded with the inorganic material, lead telluride (PbTe). It could be filled with the organic material, Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA), in the hexagonal hole after the ZnO nanorods were removed by simple chemical aqueous etching process. Finally, we can obtain an organic/PbTe array matrix nanostructure.The thermoelectric properties of as-fabricated device were measured and temperature dependence of physical mechanism for organic and inorganic hybrid nanostructure was discussed.
Chapter 5: Establishing Teacher Allies through Critical Multicultural Coursework

Background Contemporary dominant discourses surrounding (un)documented migration in the United States are commonly divided into two polarized frames: those immigrants who are hard workers seeking a better life, and others who are border-crossing criminals. For teachers in the Southeast, developing an understanding of immigrants becomes critically important as new demographic trends and anti-immigration rhetoric have resulted in the implementation of restrictive laws, policies, and practices. In this article, we move beyond pedagogical strategies that address students’ linguistic needs and explore what teachers know and say about immigration, along with what they know about undocumented and DACAmented students. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which exposure to counternarratives of undocumented or DACAmented youth and families altered the frames in which teachers viewed immigration and undocumented and DACAmented immigrants. Research Design The researchers used qualitative methods to collect a series of narratives in the form of I-essays from 71 preservice teachers over four semesters. The narratives were then used as a tool of communication in exploring two research questions: (1) What were teachers’ perceptions of undocumented immigrants, given the racialized context in the Southeast? (2) How did counternarratives presented in multiple formats challenge the dominant essentialized view of undocumented immigrants? Narrative data from participants were analyzed using an inductive analysis approach. Findings The findings support how the use of critical conversations around immigration and exposure to the lives of youth and families through the use of film and narratives can support the development of teachers as undocumented allies. Conclusions We argue that preservice (ESL) teachers need to be knowledgeable about immigration laws, statuses, policies, and practices in order to be prepared to serve their students’ needs and to aid them in mapping out alternative routes/resources. For our participants, their views were challenged to reflect a deeper understanding of immigration, particularly around what it means to be an undocumented immigrant in an area of the United States that has experienced new immigrant growth. This study has significant implications for teacher preparation programs and further research.
Women's Perceptions of the Aviation Workplace: An Exploratory Study

The purpose of this study was to develop an Aviation Occupation Survey to determine what factors may contribute to the retention of women (e.g., cisgender, transgender, gender fluid) in aviation occupations in the United States. Drawing from the published literature in organizational retention and diversity in aviation, the survey was created consisting of 50 Likert-scale items on nine subjects related to career retention. A total of 188 participants (women = 70, men = 118) completed the survey. Results revealed similarities between women and men on perceptions about numerous aspects of their workplace, particularly job satisfaction, professional growth opportunities, challenging work, monetary benefits, non-monetary benefits, work-life balance, management practices, and aviation passion. However, results also revealed women reported significantly greater concerns than men on sexual harassment and gender bias in the workplace. Women also reported feeling less comfortable bringing concerns to management significantly more than men. These findings are consistent with other studies indicating a major obstacle facing women in aviation occupations stems from working in an environment with a pervasive male-dominated culture.
Microfluidic evaluation of some edible oil quality based on viscosity and interfacial tensions

Microfluidic devices were applied to investigate the adulteration of high‐quality olive oil and degradation of edible oil over frying. When the inner water flows through the sheath oil flow inside the microfluidic device at specific rates, the inner water flow will be cut into dispersed droplets by the sheath flow. Lengths of the droplets will be dependent on the viscosity and interfacial tension of the sheath oil. As olive oil is adulterated with other oil, its interfacial tension will generally keep constant while its viscosity decreases. As edible oil is used for frying, its interfacial tension will decrease while viscosity increases. As a result, the droplets’ length generated in adulterated olive oil and frying oil will be dependent on their adulteration ratio and frying grade. Experiments proved that the tiny, low‐cost microfluidic device could be preliminarily implemented to quantitatively evaluate specific oil quality.
Biosafety of Genome Editing Applications in Plant Breeding: Considerations for a Focused Case-Specific Risk Assessment in the EU

An intensely debated question is whether or how a mandatory environmental risk assessment (ERA) should be conducted for plants obtained through novel genomic techniques, including genome editing (GE). Some countries have already exempted certain types of GE applications from their regulations addressing genetically modified organisms (GMOs). In the European Union, the European Court of Justice confirmed in 2018 that plants developed by novel genomic techniques for directed mutagenesis are regulated as GMOs. Thus, they have to undergo an ERA prior to deliberate release or being placed on the market. Recently, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published two opinions on the relevance of the current EU ERA framework for GM plants obtained through novel genomic techniques (NGTs). Regarding GE plants, the opinions confirmed that the existing ERA framework is suitable in general and that the current ERA requirements need to be applied in a case specific manner. Since EFSA did not provide further guidance, this review addresses a couple of issues relevant for the case-specific assessment of GE plants. We discuss the suitability of general denominators of risk/safety and address characteristics of GE plants which require particular assessment approaches. We suggest integrating the following two sets of considerations into the ERA: considerations related to the traits developed by GE and considerations addressing the assessment of method-related unintended effects, e.g., due to off-target modifications. In conclusion, we recommend that further specific guidance for the ERA and monitoring should be developed to facilitate a focused assessment approach for GE plants.
Estimation de l'ingestion chez le taurillon Blanc Bleu Belge culard par spectroscopie proche infrarouge appliquée aux matières fécales

Fattening cattle housed in groups share the same trough. Calculating the individual intake of each animal is therefore difficult to implement under these farming conditions. Thus, when the ratio between the quantity ingested by the animal and its weight gain (feed conversion ratio) must be established, the theoretical intake of an individual is determined by dividing the total intake of the batch by the number of bulls, which leads to an error in the calculation of the feed conversion ratio, as not all bulls in the same batch ingest the same quantity of feed. Infrared spectroscopy applied to the faeces of these young bulls could make it possible to estimate this individual intake without changing the behaviour of the batch of animals. This method requires the creation of calibration models, based on a number of infrared spectra associated with reference intake values. Once these calibrations have been established, a sampling of the faeces of a bull could be sufficient to estimate its individual ingestion. The necessary data were collected during this experiment in order to establish the calibration models. 16 Belgian Blue bulls were individually housed and fed ad libitum with concentrated feed and straw. Their individual intakes were calculated throughout the experiment, during which faecal samples were taken on a weekly basis. The calibration statistics obtained with the data from this experiment do not allow a sufficiently robust prediction of individual intakes (R2 = 0.72; CV = 6.7% and RPD = 1.46). Greater variability in the baseline data would likely improve the quality of these models.
Efficient chemiluminescence by aptamer – reactant platform combination with activated Ag–Au alloy nanoparticles for cobalt detection

ABSTRACT This article deals with the detection of Co(II) in real water sample using aptamer – reactant platform combination with activated Ag–Au alloy nanoparticles (NPs) by chemiluminescence (CL) method. CL is attributed to a catalytically enhanced decomposition of H2O2 by aptamer conjugated Ag–Au alloy NPs to produce reactive oxygen species. The Ag–Au alloy NPs were prepared by chemical method using double reducing agent (i.e. trisodium citrate and polyethylenimine) and used for detection of Co(II) from water by CL method. CL experiments were carried out with the variation of different parameters such as pH, concentration of luminol, concentration of H2O2 and Ag–Au alloy NPs. We found that Ag–Au alloy NPs have very good efficiency towards Co(II) detection. Analytical parameters and kinetics were studied in detail to know the nature and mechanism of CL in presence of aptamer conjugated Ag–Au alloy NPs. The linear range of the CL sensor of Co(II) is covered concentration from 0.01 to 10 µg/L with detection limit of 0.001 µg/L. The relative standard deviation for determination of Co(II) was 6.65 in 10 replicated measurements. CL method is first time applied to detect the Co(II) in real water samples at very low level using aptamer conjugated Ag–Au NPs as a catalyst.
Quantitative analysis of sugar ingredients in beverages and food crops by an effective method combining naphthimidazole derivatization and 1H-NMR spectrometry

Background: Though carbohydrates are needed for health, excessive uptake of sugar may induce obesity, decayed teeth, and chronic diseases. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration has recently proposed to regulate common sugars, a list that includes glucose, galactose, fructose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose in beverages and dietary foods. Accordingly, rapid and effective methods are needed for the quantitative analysis of sugar ingredients in beverages and foods. Objective: To establish a convenient method of quantifying sugar ingredients in beverages and foods by using one-dimensional 1 H-NMR spectroscopy via a simple treatment with naphthimidazole (NAIM) labeling kit. Methods: The sample of beverages or the hydrolysate of food crops were treated with an NAIM labeling kit that contains 2,3-naphthalenediamine and iodine in acetic acid solution. After the complete conversion of the reducing sugars to sugar-NAIM derivatives, the mixture solution was subjected to rotary evaporation under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in D 2 O solution with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as an internal standard for the 1 H-NMR spectrometric analysis. Results: An aldose existing in two anomeric isomers is completely converted to the corresponding NAIM derivative that shows a single characteristic vinyl proton at a distinct position to facilitate the quantitative analysis by NMR spectrometry. Even 10 μmol of common sugar ingredients in 50 μL of beverage or in the hydrolysate prepared from 1 mg of food crop can be quantified. Conclusions: The results suggest that a simple treatment of beverage with the NAIM labeling kit provides a convenient method for the quantification of sugar ingredients by 1 H-NMR spectrometry. This method combining NAIM derivatization and 1 H-NMR analysis is also useful for the profiling and fingerprinting of food crops. Keywords: sugar, beverage, food crop, naphthimidazole, 1 H-NMR spectrometry, quantitative analysis
Temperature-Dependent Alternating α- or β-Transcrystalline Layers in Coextruded Isotactic Polypropylene Multilayered Films

Continuous and orderly α- or β-transcrystallinity plays a significant role in achieving excellent performance for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). However, this special structure is difficult to obtain through conventional methods. Here, continuous and orderly α- or β-transcrystallinity was constructed in an iPP layer of an eight-layer iPP/α-iPP sample using a layered design and temperature control. The crystalline structure and morphology of the iPP layer were greatly influenced by the cooling rate. The iPP layer contained a large amount of β-transcrystallinity and a small amount of α-transcrystallinity when the sample was cooled to 130 °C for isothermal crystallization at a cooling rate of 50 °C/min. However, only α-transcrystallinity was formed in the iPP layer when the cooling rate was 1 °C/min. The different crystallization mechanisms are discussed in this paper. In addition, the experimental results showed that β-transcrystallinity could simultaneously improve both the tensile and impact properties.
Multi-view Ensemble Framework for Constructing User Profile

摘要电网公司的电费敏感客户往往对由用电引发的电量、电价、电费、缴费、欠费等电力服务具有强烈反应。 快速 定位电费敏感客户,对降低客户投诉率、提升客户满意度、树立供电企业良好的服务形象具有重要的作用。 基于电网 用户数据,提出了一种用于构建用户画像的多视角融合框架,该框架能够快速、准确地识别出电费敏感客户。 首先,对 电网用户进行了分析研究,利用双通道对不同特性的用户分别建模预测;其次,提出了多种特征萃取方法,用于构建用 户多源特征体系;最后,为了充分利用多源特征,进一步提出了基于双层 X g b o o s t的多视角融合模型。 该框架在 2016C C F 大数据与计算智能大赛“客户画像”竞赛中获得了 F 1 值为0. 90379C第一名)的成绩,其有效性得到了验证。 关键词用户画像,多视角学习,模型融合 中图法分类号 T P 391 文献标识码 A D O # 10.11896) . is s n 1002-137X 2018.01. 031
Synthesis of quaternary chalcogenide CZTS nanoparticles by a hydrothermal route

Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) has emerged as a potential absorber towards inorganic photovoltaic device application for its outstanding properties like non toxicity, earth abundancy nature, optimal band gap matched with solar spectrum (1.45- 1.65eV), high absorption coefficient (104cm−1). Here, a low cost, environment friendly facile hydrothermal route to synthesize phase pure CZTS nanoparticles using Cu (II), Zn (II), Sn (II) inorganic metal salts and thiourea as Sulphur source in distilled water solution as precursor is reported. The as synthesized samples characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and RAMAN confirmed structure and phase of CZTS nanocrystals. The morphology of the prepared CZTS have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The particle size is found in the range 4-5 nm with crystalline nature have been characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optical band gap of the as prepared samples is calculated to be 1.65eV from UV-Visible analysis which proves it can be used towards photovoltaic applications.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Polyindole/Ag–Cuo Nanocomposites by Reflux Condensation Method

ABSTRACT Polyindole-based silver and copper oxide (polyindole/Ag–CuO) nanocomposites were synthesized using reflux condensation method by varying the concentrations of polyindole and silver nitrate with copper oxide in N2 atmosphere. They were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. The SEM images revealed fascinating shapes of CuO nanoparticles. The FTIR and XRD confirmed the functional group transformation and crystalline natures of silver and CuO existed in the nanocomposites. The polyindole/Ag–CuO nanocomposites were examined for antibacterial activity and found to exhibit the antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Ganoderma applanatum mushroom provides new insights into the management of diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic degeneration: A comprehensive analysis

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of Ganoderma applanatum (MEGA, AEGA) in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic study was implemented by the induction of alloxan to the rats. The analysis of the hypolipidemic and liver‐protective effects of fungus extracts was studied by estimating the lipid profile and the liver marker enzymes. Besides, in silico screening of the compounds of Ganoderma applanatum has been incorporated thus to check the binding affinity of compounds and enzymes affinity. The Discovery Studio 2020, UCSF Chimera, and PyRx AutoDock Vina have been used to implement the docking analysis. Nine days of oral feeding of MEGA and AEGA of Ganoderma applanatum resulted in a significant (p < .001) reduction in blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver marker enzymes. Besides, Myrocin C scored the highest score in the docking study. The biological and computational approaches suggested the MEGA and AEGA could be a potential source for antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects.
Protective effect of vitamin E on sperm parameters, chromatin quality, and DNA fragmentation in mice treated with different doses of ethanol: An experimental study

Abstract Background Excessive consumption of alcohol induces an increase in oxidative stress production and can lead to detrimental effects on the male reproductive system. Objective To evaluate the possible protective effects of coadministration of vitamin (vit) E on the detrimental changes in the sperm quality of mice administered ethanol. Materials and Methods Fifty-four BALB/c mice were categorized into nine groups (n = 6/each). The control group received a basal diet while the eight experimental groups received ethanol 10%; ethanol 20%; vit. E 100 mg; vit. E 200 mg; ethanol 10% + vit. E 100 mg; ethanol 10% + vit. E 200 mg; ethanol 20% + vit. E 100 mg; ethanol 20% + vit. E 200 mg. After 35 days, the sperm parameters and sperm chromatin were assessed. Results The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the motility rate, normal morphology rate, viability rate, increase in abnormal DNA structure and packaging (TB staining), and DNA damage (TUNEL) in ethanol consumer groups. In addition, the findings showed a significant increase in the aforementioned parameters in ethanol- and vit. E-consumer groups compared to the ethanol-only consumer groups. The ethanol group received 20% of the most damage among the groups. The group receiving vit. E 100 mg and those receiving ethanol 10% + vit. E 200 mg gained the highest benefit among the groups. Conclusion Sperm forward progressive motility, normal morphology rate, and viability decreased in the ethanol groups. Also, the rates of spermatozoa with abnormal DNA structure and DNA fragmentation increased in the ethanol groups. Our findings revealed that the coadministration of vit. E and ethanol can protect destructive changes in DNA structure and damage.