Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urban drinking and driving: comparison of electric scooter and bicycle related accidents in facial fracture patients

Background In recent years, electric scooters (e-scooter) have emerged as an alternative mode of urban transport due to their availability and effortless use. However, e-scooter-related trauma and injuries, especially to the head, have received wide media coverage and raised public concern about their safety. We aim to determine and compare clinically relevant variables, incidence, and severity between bicycle and e-scooter-related facial fractures and potential protective measures for injury prevention. Material and Methods This retrospective study comprised all patients admitted to a tertiary trauma center with bicycle or e-scooter-related facial fractures between January 2019 and October 2020. Patient- and injury-related variables, including demographics, injury mechanisms, helmet use, influence of alcohol, types of facial injuries, types of other injuries, given treatment, and hospital stay, were collected, analysed, and compared between bicycle and e-scooter injuries. Results Altogether 169 patients with facial fractures, 124 bicycle-related injuries (73.4%) and 45 e-scooter-related injuries (26.6%) were included. Alcohol involvement was significantly higher in e-scooter patients (88.9%) than in bicycle patients (31.5%) (p<0.001). Driving under the influence of alcohol was associated with driving without a helmet in both groups (p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, e-scooter accidents were 18 times more likely to occur under the influence of alcohol (OR 17.85, p<0.001) and were more likely to involve collision with a stationary object (OR 3.81, p=0.028). E-scooter patients were significantly younger (OR 0.95, p<0.001) and had significantly more cranial fractures (OR 10.15, p=0.014) than bicycle patients. Conclusions Compared with patients in bicycle accidents, facial fracture patients injured in e-scooter accidents are younger, are more likely under the influence of alcohol, and sustain more severe craniofacial skeleton fractures. Our results for both groups of patients advocate stricter adherence to helmet and road safety legislation as well as public education for injury prevention. Key words:Electric scooter, bicycle, facial injuries, helmet.
Image Denoising Using Digital Image Curvelet

Image reconstruction is one of the most important areas of image processing. As many scientific experiments result in datasets corrupted with noise, either because of the data acquisition process or because of environmental effects, denoising is necessary which a first pre-processing step in analyzing such datasets. There are several different approaches to denoise images. Despite similar visual effects, there are subtle differences between denoising, de-blurring, smoothing and restoration. Although the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is a powerful tool in image processing, it has three serious disadvantages: shift sensitivity, poor directionality and lack of phase information. To overcome these disadvantages, a method is proposed which is based on Curvelet transforms which has very high degree of directional specificity. Allows the transform to provide approximate shift invariance and directionally selective filters while preserving the usual properties of perfect reconstruction and computational efficiency with good well-balanced frequency responses where as these properties are lacking in the traditional wavelet transform.Curvelet reconstructions exhibit higher perceptual quality than Wavelet based reconstructions, offering visually sharper images and in particular higher quality recovery of edges and of faint linear and curve linear features. The Curvelet reconstruction does not contain the quantity of disturbing artifacts along edges that we see in wavelet reconstruction. Digital Implementations of newly developed multiscale representation systems namely Curvelets, Ridgelet and Contourlets transforms are used for denoising the image. We apply these digital transforms to the problem of restoring an image from noisy data and compare our results with those obtained from well established methods based on the thresholding of Wavelet Coefficients. Keywords: Curvelets Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, Ridgelet Transform, Peak signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE).
Disentangling the Relationships Between the Clinical Symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Theory of Mind: A Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Previous studies have suggested links between clinical symptoms and theory of mind (ToM) impairments in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), but it remains unclear whether some symptoms are more strongly linked to ToM than others. STUDY DESIGN A meta-analysis (Prospero; CRD42021259723) was conducted to quantify and compare the strength of the associations between ToM and the clinical symptoms of SSD (Positive, Negative, Cognitive/Disorganization, Depression/Anxiety, Excitability/Hostility). Studies (N = 130, 137 samples) including people with SSD and reporting a correlation between clinical symptoms and ToM were retrieved from Pubmed, PsycNet, Embase, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Proquest, WorldCat, and Open Gray. Correlations for each dimension and each symptom were entered into a random-effect model using a Fisher's r-to-z transformation and were compared using focused-tests. Publication bias was assessed with the Rosenthal failsafe and by inspecting the funnel plot and the standardized residual histogram. STUDY RESULTS The Cognitive/Disorganization (Zr = 0.28) and Negative (Zr = 0.24) dimensions revealed a small to moderate association with ToM, which was significantly stronger than the other dimensions. Within the Cognitive/Disorganization dimension, Difficulty in abstract thinking (Zr = 0.36) and Conceptual disorganization (Zr = 0.39) showed the strongest associations with ToM. The association with the Positive dimension (Zr = 0.16) was small and significantly stronger than the relationship with Depression/Anxiety (Zr = 0.09). Stronger associations were observed between ToM and clinical symptoms in younger patients, those with an earlier age at onset of illness and for tasks assessing a combination of different mental states. CONCLUSIONS The relationships between Cognitive/Disorganization, Negative symptoms, and ToM should be considered in treating individuals with SSD.
Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy from the X-Ray Polychromator on the Newly Repaired Solar Maximum Mission

The X-Ray Polychromator (XRP) resumed operat ions on 24 April 1984 following the successful in-orbit repair of the Solar Maximum Mission Satellite. Since that time the two instruments that comprise the XRP, the Flat Crystal Spectrometer (FCS) and the Bent Crystal Spectrometer (BCS), have been used to obtain new spectroscopic data from active regions and flares. The FCS, in particular, has accumulated far more observations of soft X-ray line profiles than were obtained during SMM-I in 1980. For this short presentation, we have chosen two topics to illustrate the type of data that we have obtained since the repair.
The Economic Burden of Schizophrenia in the United States.

Aim: The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States (US) was estimated at $155.7 billion in 2013. Since 2013, the US experienced significant health care reforms and treatment advances. This study analyzed recent data and literature to update the US economic burden estimate for schizophrenia. Methods: Direct and indirect costs associated with schizophrenia were estimated using a prevalence-based approach. Direct health care costs were assessed retrospectively using an exact matched cohort design in the IBM Watson Health MarketScan databases from October 1, 2015, through December 31, 2019. Patients with schizophrenia (identified using ICD-10-CM codes F20 and F25) were exactly matched to controls on demographics, insurance type, and index year. Direct non-health care costs were estimated using published literature and government data. Indirect costs were estimated using a human capital approach and the value of quality-adjusted life-years lost. Cost offsets were estimated to account for basic living costs avoided. Excess costs, comparing costs for individuals with and without schizophrenia, were reported in 2019 USD. Results: The estimated excess economic burden of schizophrenia in the US in 2019 was $343.2 billion, including $251.9 billion in indirect costs (73.4%), $62.3 billion in direct health care costs (18.2%), and $35.0 billion in direct non-health care costs (10.2%). The largest drivers of indirect costs were caregiving ($112.3 billion), premature mortality ($77.9 billion), and unemployment ($54.2 billion). Cost offsets, representing $6.0 billion (1.7%), were subtracted from direct non-health care costs. Conclusions: The estimated burden of schizophrenia in the US doubled between 2013 and 2019 and was $343.2 billion in 2019, highlighting the importance of effective strategies and treatment options to improve the management of this difficult-to-treat patient population.
Cellulitis due to Pasteurella stomatis and Actinomyces canis following dog bite

Rev Esp Quimioter 2022;35(6): 584-586 584 5% of sheep blood agars in aerobiosis with 5% of CO2, Brucella-blood agar in anaerobiosis, as well as CNA and McConkey agar in aerobiosis. A blood culture sample was also obtained that was left incubating during seven days. After conducting the provocation test with cephalosporins with negative result, he was admitted with intravenous treatment of cefotaxime and clindamycin (1.5 g/8 h and 600 mg/8 h, respectively). In the Gram tincture, polymicrobial flora was observed consisting of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacilli. At 24h there was growth in chocolate agar and TSA with 5% of sheep blood (Figure 2), being identified through MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (Bruker, Massachusetts, USA) as Pasteurella stomatis with a value of 2,24. In the following 24 hours, growth was observed in Brucella-blood agar (BD®) being again identified through MALDI-TOF MS as A. canis with a value of 2.23. The antibiotic susceptibility was performed through gradient strips or E-test® in Mueller-Hinton fastidious agar (BD®) for P. stomatis and E-test® in Brucella-blood (BD®) for A. canis. P. stomatis was susceptible to penicillin (MIC = 0.38 mg/L), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (MIC = 0.38 mg/L), cefotaxime (MIC= 0.02 mg/L), doxycycline (MIC = 0.5 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0.06 mg/L) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (MIC = 0.125 mg/L). In turn, A. canis was susceptible to penicillin (MIC < 0.016 mg/L), amoxicillin/clavulanic (MIC < 0.016 mg/L) and clindamycin (MIC = 0.25 mg/L), and resistant to metronidazole (MIC > 32 mg/L).
Quantum and semiclassical calculations of electron transport through a stochastic system

In this thesis, I present a semiclassical and quantum mechanical study of a biased superlattice with a tilted magnetic field applied. This system exhibits non-KAM chaotic behaviour which can be controlled by the ratio between the cyclotron and Bloch frequencies. I will use a semiclassical model to show that electron trajectories become unbounded when this ratio takes an integer value. These extended electron trajectories cause peaks in the electron drift-velocity, which lead to current enhancements calculated using a drift-diffusion model. Furthermore, I will explain this current enhancement with reference to the electric field and charge carrier density across the superlattice. These results will then be compared to experimentally measured current-voltage characteristics. A second superlattice is also studied, which has a high probability of interminiband tunnelling. I will outline several theoretical models to account for interminiband tunnelling and will ultimately use an empirical method. The current-voltage results obtained via this method will then be compared to experimental data. Finally, I will use a quantum mechanical model to determine the electron eigenstates for the first superlattice. These quantum mechanical eigenstates will be compared to the semiclassical results to determine the degree of correspondence between the two models. Furthermore, I will use the eigenstates to calculate the energy level structure of the system and investigate how this varies for different applied field strengths. Ultimately, I will suggest a combined band transport plus scattering model to explain experimental current-voltage data obtained for high magnetic fields.
Do all patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis need treatment?

ABSTRACT Introduction Although guidelines recommend a watchful waiting strategy for patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis, there have been considerable advancements in surgical and anesthetic techniques along with the success of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) as a viable alternative to surgical AVR. Inevitably, these developments have raised questions as to whether or not there is still merit in waiting for symptoms to ensue before treatment may be offered to these patients. Area covered The principal purpose of this paper is to review the data supporting earlier intervention in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis, and to project the implications these and other ongoing trials will have on indications for AVR in asymptomatic patients in the future. Expert opinion The threshold for intervention in certain subgroups of asymptomatic patients with severe AS has already been lowered. The next frontier will inevitably be determining whether all patients with severe AS should undergo AVR irrespective of their symptomatic status.
Some Features of Artificially Thickened Fully Developed Turbulent Boundary Layers with Zero Pressure Gradient

Report gives an account of an investigation conducted to determine the feasibility of artificially thickening a turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate. A description is given of several methods used to thicken artificially the boundary layer. It is shown that it is possible to do substantial thickening and obtain a fully developed turbulent boundary layer, which is free from any distortions introduced by the thickening process, and, as such, is a suitable medium for fundamental research.
RABC: Rheumatoid Arthritis Bioinformatics Center

Abstract Advances in sequencing technologies have led to the rapid growth of multi-omics data on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a comprehensive database that systematically collects and classifies the scattered data is still lacking. Here, we developed the Rheumatoid Arthritis Bioinformatics Center (RABC, http://www.onethird-lab.com/RABC/), the first multi-omics data resource platform (data hub) for RA. There are four categories of data in RABC: (i) 175 multi-omics sample sets covering transcriptome, epigenome, genome, and proteome; (ii) 175 209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 105 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs), 18 464 differentially DNA methylated (DNAm) genes, 1 764 KEGG pathways, 30 488 GO terms, 74 334 SNPs, 242 779 eQTLs, 105 m6A-SNPs and 18 491 669 meta-mQTLs; (iii) prior knowledge on seven types of RA molecular markers from nine public and credible databases; (iv) 127 073 literature information from PubMed (from 1972 to March 2022). RABC provides a user-friendly interface for browsing, searching and downloading these data. In addition, a visualization module also supports users to generate graphs of analysis results by inputting personalized parameters. We believe that RABC will become a valuable resource and make a significant contribution to the study of RA.
A COMBINED SPITZER AND HERSCHEL INFRARED STUDY OF GAS AND DUST IN THE CIRCUMBINARY DISK ORBITING V4046 Sgr

We present results from a spectroscopic Spitzer and Herschel mid-to-far-infrared study of the circumbinary disk orbiting the evolved (age ∼12–23 Myr) close binary T Tauri system V4046 Sgr. Spitzer InfraRed Spectrograph spectra show emission lines of [Ne ii], H2 S(1), CO2, and HCN, while Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver spectra reveal emission from [O i], OH, and tentative detections of H2O and high-J transitions of CO. We measure [Ne iii]/[Ne ii] ≲ ? > 0.13, which is comparable to other X-ray/EUV luminous T Tauri stars that lack jets. We use the H2 S(1) line luminosity to estimate the gas mass in the relatively warm surface layers of the inner disk. The presence of [O i] emission suggests that CO, H2O, and/or OH is being photodissociated, and the lack of [C i] emission suggests any excess C may be locked up in HCN, CN, and other organic molecules. Modeling of silicate dust grain emission features in the mid-infrared indicates that the inner disk is composed mainly of large (r ∼ 5 μm) amorphous pyroxene and olivine grains (∼86% by mass) with a relatively large proportion of crystalline silicates. These results are consistent with other lines of evidence indicating that planet building is ongoing in regions of the disk within ∼30 AU of the central, close binary.
Eigenvectors and eigenfunctionals of homogeneous order-preserving maps

This paper considers homogeneous order preserving continuous maps on the normal cone of an ordered normed vector space. It is shown that certain operators of that kind which are not necessarily compact themselves but have a compact power have a positive eigenvector that is associated with the cone spectral radius. We also derive conditions for the existence of homogeneous order preserving eigenfunctionals. Our results are illustrated in a model for spatially distributed two-sex populations.
Constraints on the temperature inhomogeneity in quasar accretion discs from the ultraviolet-optical spectral variability

The physical mechanisms of the quasar ultraviolet (UV)-optical variability are not well understood despite the long history of observations. Recently, Dexter & Agol presented a model of quasar UV-optical variability, which assumes large local temperature fluctuations in the quasar accretion discs. This inhomogeneous accretion disc model is claimed to describe not only the single-band variability amplitude, but also microlensing size constraints and the quasar composite spectral shape. In this work, we examine the validity of the inhomogeneous accretion disc model in the light of quasar UV-optical spectral variability by using five-band multi-epoch light curves for nearly 9 000 quasars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 region. By comparing the values of the intrinsic scatter $\sigma_{\text{int}}$ of the two-band magnitude-magnitude plots for the SDSS quasar light curves and for the simulated light curves, we show that Dexter & Agol's inhomogeneous accretion disc model cannot explain the tight inter-band correlation often observed in the SDSS quasar light curves. This result leads us to conclude that the local temperature fluctuations in the accretion discs are not the main driver of the several years' UV-optical variability of quasars, and consequently, that the assumption that the quasar accretion discs have large localized temperature fluctuations is not preferred from the viewpoint of the UV-optical spectral variability.
PV: Stata module to perform estimation with plausible values

pv estimates statistics when there are multiple estimates / imputations of a latent variable referred to as plausible values in the education assessment literature. It is specially (but not exclusively) designed to be used with the PISA, TIMSS, PIRLS student achievement datasets as well as the PIAAC dataset. It has been updated to allow (1) for more flexibility in how plausible values are used in stata commands, (2) for estimation with multiple commands, and (3) for estimation with multiple latent variables.
Characterization and correction of charge-induced pixel shifts in DECam

Interaction of charges in CCDs with the already accumulated charge distribution causes both a flux dependence of the point-spread function (an increase of observed size with flux, also known as the brighter/fatter effect) and pixel-to-pixel correlations of the {Poissonian} noise in flat fields. We describe these effects in the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) with charge dependent shifts of effective pixel borders, i.e. the Antilogus et al. (2014) model, which we fit to measurements of flat-field {Poissonian} noise correlations. The latter fall off approximately as a power-law r−2.5 with pixel separation r, are isotropic except for an asymmetry in the direct neighbors along rows and columns, are stable in time, and are weakly dependent on wavelength. They show variations from chip to chip at the 20% level that correlate with the silicon resistivity. The charge shifts predicted by the model cause biased shape measurements, primarily due to their effect on bright stars, at levels exceeding weak lensing science requirements. We measure the flux dependence of star images and show that the effect can be mitigated by applying the reverse charge shifts at the pixel level during image processing. Differences in stellar size, however, remain significant due to residuals at larger distance from the centroid.
The Revealed Preference Implications of Reference Dependent Preferences

Koszegi and Rabin (2005) propose a theory of reference dependent utility in which the ultimate choice also serves as the reference point. They analyze dynamic choice problems with uncertainty and interpret their model as a description of the individuals psychological process. We focus on static and deterministic choice problems and identify the revealed preference implications of their model.
The extended analogy of extraembryonic development in insects and amniotes

It is fascinating that the amnion and serosa/chorion, two extraembryonic (EE) tissues that are characteristic of the amniote vertebrates (mammals, birds and reptiles), have also independently evolved in insects. In this review, we offer the first detailed, macroevolutionary comparison of EE development and tissue biology across these animal groups. Some commonalities represent independent solutions to shared challenges for protecting the embryo (environmental assaults, risk of pathogens) and supporting its development, including clear links between cellular properties (e.g. polyploidy) and physiological function. Further parallels encompass developmental features such as the early segregation of the serosa/chorion compared to later, progressive differentiation of the amnion and formation of the amniotic cavity from serosal–amniotic folds as a widespread morphogenetic mode across species. We also discuss common developmental roles for orthologous transcription factors and BMP signalling in EE tissues of amniotes and insects, and between EE and cardiac tissues, supported by our exploration of new resources for global and tissue-specific gene expression. This highlights the degree to which general developmental principles and protective tissue features can be deduced from each of these animal groups, emphasizing the value of broad comparative studies to reveal subtle developmental strategies and answer questions that are common across species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom’.