Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of Lignin and Hemicelluloses for Facial Synthesis of Gold, Platinum, and Palladium Nanoparticles

For the first time, we report an environmentally benign process for the preparation of Pt, Au and Pd NPs at ambient atmospheric pressure in aqueous systems, using water-insoluble alkali lignin (AL) and hemicelluloses as reducing/protective agents. Both AL and hemicelluloses showed good performances. The solid AL acted as support for metal NPs. The metal particles reduced by hemicelluloses aggregated to larger particles, and the degree of aggregation increased over time.
Composition of fatty acids and tocopherols in peels, seeds and leaves of Sea buckthorn

Abstract Peels, seeds and leaves of the Sea buckthorn were extracted by methanol and chloroform and characterized in terms of the fatty acids (FA) and tocopherol composition. All morphological parts of Sea buckthorn contained these biologically active compounds useful in medicine, pharmacology, human nutrition and cosmetics. The highest amount of α-tocopherol was found in peels (1103 mg kg-1). The lowest content of α-tocopherol was found in leaves (659 mg kg-1). Delta-tocopherol was found in higher amount in peels 1757 mg kg-1. Seeds contained 95 mg kg-1 of delta-tocopherols. Gamma-tocopherol was found in seeds (459 mg kg-1), peels (188 mg kg-1) and in leaves (587 mg kg-1). β-tocopherol was present only in seeds (171 mg kg-1). Unsaturated fatty acids were dominant in all morphological parts of Sea buckthorn. The highest amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (92 rel. %) were determined in seeds. Dominant fatty acids of seeds were linoleic acid (37 %), α-linolenic acid (30 %) and vaccenic acid (20 %). Leaves were rich in α-linolenic acid (51 %). Dominant fatty acids of peels were oleic acid (16 %), palmitic acid (33 %) and palmitoleic acid (29 %).
Assessment of electric vehicles concerning impacts, charging infrastructure with unidirectional and bidirectional chargers, and power flow comparisons

The advancement and deployment of electric vehicle (EV) technologies are considered as an emergent solution to meet the current and future energy crises. The electrification of transportation systems is a promising approach to green the transportation systems and to reduce the issues of climate change. This paper investigates the present status, latest deployment, and challenging issues in the implementation of EV infrastructure, charging power levels, in conjunction with several charging power topologies, and analyzes EV impacts and prospects in society. In this study, the on‐board and off‐board categories of charging systems with unidirectional and bidirectional power flow comparison are addressed. Moreover, an extensive analysis of unidirectional and bidirectional chargers is presented. Unidirectional charging offers hardware limitation and reduces the interconnection issues. Bidirectional charging provides the fundamental feature of vehicle‐to‐grid technology. Furthermore, the beneficial and harmful impacts of EVs are categorized with remedial measures for harmful impacts and prolific benefits for beneficial impacts.
Serum neopterin concentrations and tryptophan degradation pattern in patients with late stage larynx carcinoma

Abstract As the disease-free 5-year-survival of late stage laryngeal carcinoma patients is extremely low, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO)-induced tryptophan degradation may represent an immune escape mechanism which plays an important role in cancer spreading in advanced stage laryngeal cancers. We examined whether the late stage laryngeal cancer enhances tumor immune evasion by the expression of systemic IDO activities and chronic cellular immune activation. Twenty-two of 42 male laryngeal cancer patients were classified as late stage cancer according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria. Their serum neopterin, tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations were compared with 30 cancer-free individuals. IDO activity was approved by correlation between serum neopterin and kynurenine/tryptophan. Late stage cancer patients preoperatively showed a significantly higher IDO activity compared to controls and early stage cancer cases. Six months after tumor removal, late stage cancer patients although having higher serum neopterin concentration compared to early stage patients or controls, they showed a significant decrease in IDO activity and tryptophan consumption. Increased systemic IDO activity may provoke the escape of tumor cells from the immune surveillance of the host. High IDO activity is due to the presence of tumor mass. Persistence of high serum neopterin levels despite tumor removal may indicate poor prognosis.
Policies on Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in Vietnam

This article traces the history of inclusive education policy development, laws that have been promulgated, and the dissemination of policy and legal rights and responsibilities through conferences, seminars and university coursework in Vietnam since 1995 when the responsibility for educating children with disabilities shifted from the Ministry of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs to the Ministry of Education and Training. Numerous standards of practice related to roles and responsibilities and recommendations for improvemtns in policy and practice are shared as well as lessons learned from external evaluation efforts that will be valuable for further development and refinement of poilicies to forward inclusive education in Vietnam.
Characterization of the mechanisms behind the alternative splicing of the mutually exclusive exons 18N and 18A in the sodium channel gene SCN8A and mutually exclusive exons 5N and 5A in the soldium channel gene SCN9A

Voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary molecules responsible for the rising phase of action potentials in electrically excitable cells. There are 10 distinct sodium channel isoforms Nav 1.1-1.8 (SCNIA-SCN5A and SCN8A-SCNIIA) and the majority of these undergo tissue and developmentally regulated alternative splicing. Two such examples are those of the SCN8A (Nav 1.6) and SCN9A (Nav 1.7) genes. SCN8A gene contains two mutually exclusive exons, 18N and 18A. Transcripts with exon 18N have a conserved inframe stop codon that predicts the synthesis of a truncated, non functional sodium channel. This protein is expressed in fetal brain and non-neuronal tissues. Once the exon 18A is included, the resulted protein will be a functional channel, that is expressed in adult neurons ofCNS and PNS. The SCN9A exon 5N is preferentially expressed in the PNS and CNS of adult tissues and significant usage of exon 5A was found only in DRG. These two isoforms differ in one amino acid in the S3 domain I (exons 5A and 5N). This change of one amino acid induced a small shift of activation to more hyperpolarized potentials forexon SA compared with exon SN. Analysis of SeNSA pre-mRNA splicing supports a model in which exon 18A exclusion in non-neuronal tissue is regulated primarily by the presence in the cell types of several hnRNPs proteins that function through an exonic splicing silencer (ESS) found in this exon together with the absence of neuron specific Fox-I protein. In neuronal cells the absence of these hnRNPs together with the presence of neuron specific Fox-l cause the exon to be included. The SeNSA exon 18N is included innon neuronal cells due to the SR proteins that function through an exonic splicing enhancer(ESE) found in this exon. In neuronal cells the lower levels of these SR proteins cause the exon 18N to be skipped. This type of control of mutually exclusive splicing through the proteome make-up of a cell type would appear to be influential in the temporal and tissue specific splicing of SeN8A, another member of the voltage gated sodium channels and may indeed represent a more general mechanism.
Boosting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with CsBr‐Modified Mesoporous TiO2 Beads as Electron‐Selective Contact

Rapid extraction of photogenerated charge carriers is essential to achieve high efficiencies with perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a new mesoscopic architecture as electron‐selective contact for PSCs featuring 40 nm sized TiO2 beads endowed with mesopores of a few nanometer diameters is introduced. The bimodal pore distribution inherent to these films produces a very large contact area of 200 m2 g−1 whose access by the perovskite light absorber is facilitated by the interstitial voids between the particles. Modification of the TiO2 surface by CsBr further strengthens its interaction with the perovskite. As a result, photogenerated electrons are extracted rapidly producing a very high fill factor of close to 80% a VOC of 1.14 V and a PCE up to 21% with negligible hysteresis.
Integrated bull beef with sheep in eastern Southland

Total S.U. 3044 on 200 effective ha = 15.22 su/ha (not performance corrected). While I was employed by the MAF, I was leasing 60 hectares and working it part-time. My fist five years of full-time farming were sharefarming the property I am currently leasing. At the conclusion of the sharefarming agreement a company wasformedinwhichmy wifeandIboughtat25% share. We lease the farm from the company. Fertiliser
Crystal structure of CaSiO3 perovskite at 28–62 GPa and 300 K under quasi-hydrostatic stress conditions

Abstract To find the thermodynamically stable crystal structure of CaSiO3 perovskite (CaPv) at high pressure and 300 K, we have conducted synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) on thermally stress-annealed samples in a Ne pressure medium in the diamond-anvil cell at 28–62 GPa. Rietveld refinements of the diffraction patterns are significantly improved in fitting the positions and intensities of the split lines of CaPv if the starting model is a tetragonal perovskite-type structure with the SiO6 octahedral rotation around the tetragonal c-axis. The result is in contrast with other previous experiments, but is consistent with first-principles calculations, reconciling the discrepancy between computations and experiments on the crystal structure of CaPv. We attribute the observed difference to the formation of the thermodynamically more stable phase under improved stress conditions in our experiments. Our fitting shows that the bulk modulus of CaPv is 223 ± 6 GPa when its pressure derivative fixed to 4, which is also consistent with first-principles calculations. The previous observations of the diffraction patterns of CaPv inconsistent with the first-principles studies could be due to the formation of a metastable crystal structure of CaPv under elevated deviatoric stresses.
CONSUMER RESPONSE TO CARBON FOOTPRINT INFORMATION OF FOOD: A DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT STUDY

Rising animal-based foods consumption is having major negative effects on the environment. Shifting diets can thus contribute to a sustainable food system. Food labeling is one among several instruments to encourage more sustainable eating. Using a discrete choice experiment, this study founds that giving information about the the carbon foodprint of food have the potential to affect consumers’ choices, making more likely the consumption of a meal with a greater content of plant-based protein. We discuss how this findings could inform policy making. Keyword: food labeling, carboon foodprint, shifting diets, discrete choice experiment. JEL Codes: C93, D12, Q18.
Suspended SnS2 Layers by Light Assistance for Ultrasensitive Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature

2D materials are extensively studied as candidates for chemical sensors due to their large surface‐to‐volume‐ratio and the low working temperature. However, the performance of 2D material‐based sensors is limited when detecting ammonia, due to the weak binding between ammonia molecules and channel materials. Previous reports show sensitivity in the ppb range upon NO2 exposure, and in ppm levels of ammonia under the same conditions. Compared with the traditional SnS2 sensors, the demonstrated suspended devices with light excitation exhibit a higher sensitivity, a faster response, and recovery rate. At room temperature, the devices show obvious response to NH3 vapor at a concentration as low as 20 ppb. High selectivity to ammonia over many other chemical gases is observed. Such arresting features originate from the suspended structure enhancing reaction area and the light excitation inducing increased charge density that facilitates the ammonia detection. The enhanced sensing performance demonstrates the superiority of the suspended structure with light assistance, and this method can be applied to other 2D material‐based sensors on optimizing their performance.
Performance analysis of chemical flooding in fractured shale and tight reservoirs

To enhance the oil recovery in fractured shale and tight oil reservoirs, many efforts have been made to add surfactants in injection water and fracturing fluid. Most of the efforts were to conduct experiments to screen surfactants. To the best of our knowledge, there is no paper to provide numerical analysis of the surfactant performance in fractured shale and tight reservoirs. In particular, how the fracture network affects chemical flooding performance has not been addressed. This paper is to use numerical simulation approach to analyze the performance of chemical additives (alkali and surfactant) in fractured shale and tight rocks. The base simulation model is based on history-matching an experiment. The effects of wettability alteration, interfacial tension (IFT), capillary pressure, and pressure gradients are investigated. To aid our understanding and interpret the results, the results from high-permeability models are compared with shale and tight models. We found that if the rock is oil-wet, it is very slow for a chemical to diffuse into the shale or tight matrix to alter wettability, so the oil recovery is not very sensitive to the value of capillary pressure. In shale and tight reservoirs, using surfactants to achieve ultralow IFT may not be effective, because the surfactant solution with ultra-low IFT cannot enter the matrix and will break though producers, and oil in the matrix will be bypassed. And increasing the pressure gradient may not be effective because a high-pressure gradient will aid breakthrough, instead of enhancing injected fluid invasion into the matrix.
Reduction of Silver Ions Using an Alkaline Cellulose Dope: Straightforward Access to Ag/ZnO Decorated Cellulose Nanocomposite Film with Enhanced Antibacterial Activities

This work proposed a straightforward and sustainable strategy to synthesize Ag/ZnO decorated cellulose nanocomposite. Firstly, zincate was introduced into an aqueous cellulose-NaOH/urea dope to enhance the solution stability. Secondly, AgNO3 was directly added into the cellulose dope without gelation, and then was reduced into Ag NPs by cellulose chain. Finally, zincate transformed into ZnO via biomimetic mineralization along with the regeneration of the cellulose dope, and an Ag/ZnO decorated cellulose nanocomposite film was synthesized. The Ag NPs with a mean diameter of 16.5 nm were well dispersed in the cellulose matrix, and some were doped on the surface of the embedded ZnO crystal. With increase of the Ag loading, the nanocomposite film showed more rapid sterilization for E. coli than S. aureus, and complete eradication could be achieved within 3 h for both bacteria. This simple and environmental friendly method hopefully provided new routes for large-scale production of antibacterial cellulose-base.
Un enfoque para la enseñanza de la depuración de errores en las asignaturas de programación

Uno de los aspectos más difíciles de la programación es la depuración de errores. Como dice el aforismo, “errar es de humanos”: los errores de programación son muy comunes incluso en los productos comerciales que se “supone” que se ven sometidos a controles de calidad exhaustivos. Por ello, no es de extrañar que cuando se comience a programar por primera vez o se aprenda un nuevo lenguaje de programación se cometan muchos errores, lo que suele ser origen de muchas frustraciones. Sin embargo, aunque se trata de un aspecto importante de la programación, no se le presta mucha atención tanto en la bibliografía sobre programación (existen pocos libros cuyo tema central sea la depuración de errores) como en la docencia. En este artículo mostramos cómo afrontamos este problema en el contexto de la asignatura “Programación y estructuras de datos” en la Universidad de Alicante: comentamos las carencias y malos hábitos que presentan los alumnos, presentamos las soluciones que hemos planteado para que el alumno desarrolle su capacidad de depurar programas y valoramos los resultados obtenidos durante los primeros meses de aplicación.
Ambient Measurements of Highly Oxidized Gas-Phase Molecules during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) 2013

We present measurements of highly oxidized multifunctional molecules (HOMs) detected in the gas phase using a high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer with nitrate reagent ion (NO3– CIMS). The measurements took place during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS 2013) at a forest site in Alabama, where emissions were dominated by biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). Primary BVOC emissions were represented by isoprene mixed with various terpenes, making it a unique sampling location compared to previous NO3– CIMS deployments in monoterpene-dominated environments. During SOAS 2013, the NO3– CIMS detected HOMs with oxygen-to-carbon (O:C) ratios between 0.5 and 1.4 originating from both isoprene (C5) and monoterpenes (C10) as well as hundreds of additional HOMs with carbon numbers between C3 and C20. We used positive matrix factorization (PMF) to deconvolve the complex data set and extract information about classes of HOMs with similar temporal trends. This analy.
The LEPR (853A>G and 511A>G) Transitions may Enhance Idiopathic Recurrent Miscarriage: Evidences Based on Case-control and in silico Studies

Previous studies in human leptin receptor protein (LEPR) signaling are important in the establishment of fetal growth. Idiopathic recurrent miscarriage (IRM) may be the result of abnormal placental and fetal development. Thus single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of LEPR might be associated with IRM. In our case-control study, which conducted from 2017 to 2018 at the Milad Sari Genetic Detection Center and Razi Hospital (Ghaemshahr, Iran), 140 samples, including 70 cases with history of three or more IRM as before the 22nd week of gestation, and 70 controls with at least two live births and no history of pathologic pregnancies during reproductive period were studied. Polymorphisms of maternal LEPR 853A>G and 511A>G were assessed by PCR-RFLP and SSCP, respectively. Results showed that 853A>G SNP, contained frequent genotype AG (p= 0.002; OR= 0.391; 95% CI= 0.154-0.664) and G allele (p= 0.003; OR= 0.125; 95% CI= 0.032–0.489), revealed a significant protective association with IRM. Primary screening of 511A>G showed that 63 case-samples were AG genotype. PCR directed sequence showed this SNP contained frequent genotype for AG (p= 0.001; OR= 0.57; 95% CI= 0.22-0.147) and G allele (p= 0.006; OR= 0.34; 95% CI= 0.008–0.149), revealed a significant protective association with IRM. Based on our findings, LEPR (853A>G and 511A>G) gene transitions not only might enhance IRM but also could be useful genetic markers in susceptibility and severity of recurrent miscarriage.
Changes in phytosterols in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and their interaction with nitrogen fertilization

Phytosterols occur in relatively high concentration in the seeds of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and are affected by environmental and cultural factors. Nitrogen is one of the most important factors in rapeseed production. The aims of this research were to determine phytosterols levels in some new rapeseed varieties and to investigate interactions between phytosterols levels and nitrogen fertilization, in the growing season of 2004 - 05 on 19 new rapeseed varieties. The identification of phytosterols were achieved using capillary column gas-chromatography instrument. Data revealed that sitosterol (1078.8 - 1972.5 mg kg-1) was the major component, followed by campesterol (1004.7 - 1598.1 mg kg-1). Under N-fertilizer application, sitosterol content changed between 727.9 and 2104.7 mg kg-1, followed by campasterol ranged from 642.2 to 1539.0 mg kg-1. Total phytosterols content ranged between 3220 - 4147.3 mg kg-1 for N0 level; 2423.0 and 4198.4 m g kg-1 for N1. Significant interactions between genotype and nitrogen fertilization were found for the second major component campasterol and total phytosterol content. Rapeseed is rich on phytosterols. But according to high nitrogen fertilization, phytosterol content can be decreased significantly.
The power of typefaces: Dyslexie

“Computers have rendered us all gods of type, a privilege we could never have anticipated in the age of the typewriter. ” Simon Garfield states this in his book Just My Type: A Book About Fonts. The fact that one can scroll through the pull-down typeface menu on any word processor and choose any style, made us much more familiar with typefaces and this led to us having favourite ones and ridiculing others. Helvetica for instance, is generally perceived as a typeface loved by hipsters and lazy designers. It even has its own documentary. Comic sans, another well known typeface, is an often ridiculed because of its informal character. It is said that it should never be used unless you write for children under age 10 and some people want banned all together. Typefaces, in other words, evoke some strong feelings. Garfields book is aimed at a general audience and not specifically at an academic audience and was well received, showing that there is an interest in typography among the general public. There has been some scientific research on how different typefaces shape our experience of reading too and it has become a commonplace in the design and communications field that different typefaces have different connotations and therefore have some kind of power. In this essay the proclaimed power of typefaces is explored by using the example of a recently developed typeface, Dyslexie. This is a typeface that should help people with a reading disorder read faster and with less errors. First, the main features of a typeface will be given. After that, a closer look will be taken at the Dyslexie typeface. Its main features will be discussed and research about the Dyslexie typeface will be examined to, in the end, make clear what the power of Dyslexie is.
Synthese, Charakterisierung, in-situ und ex-situ Hochdruckverhalten, Phasenumwandlungen und Eigenschaften von Kupfernitrid, Eisennitriden und Eisencarbonitriden

Es wurden phasenreine Precusoren von Kupfernitrid, Eisennitriden und Eisencarbonitriden synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Mit nachfolgenden in-situ Versuchen mit Synchrotronstrahlung in einer Diamantstempelzelle und ex-situ Versuchen in einer Vielstempel-Presse mit einem beheizten 2-stufigen Walker-Modul wurde das Hochdruckverhalten sowie mogliche Phasenumwandlungen untersucht. Kupfernitrid zeigt eine reversible Phasenumwandlung oberhalb von 5 GPa mit einer Hysterese von 2 GPa, die mit einer Halbleiter–Metall-Umwandlung ein hergeht. Mit Versuchen bei hohen Drucken und Temperaturen wurden in einer Vielstempel-Presse zum ersten Mal Eisennitrid-Einkristalle verschiedener Zusammensetzung aus dem weiten Homogenitatsbereich der Epsilon-Phase synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Die Synthese erfolgte entweder aus der Epsilon-Phase, aus ζ-Fe 2 N oder aus γ-Fe 4 N durch Phasenumwandlung und anschliesender Kristallisation.
Wastewater treatment using membranes: the North American experience

Key features of the process consisting in coupling biological treatment with membrane separation are described for wastewater treatment. The process development started in the early 1970s with small flow rate applications for on-site commercial development applications and industrial wastewater treatment. The introduction of immersed membrane in the early 1990s allowed the process to be used for municipal wastewater treatment. The results from the 1st year of operation of a 3,800 m 3 /d plant are presented.