Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Poverty, race, and CKD in a racially and socioeconomically diverse urban population.

BACKGROUND Low socioeconomic status (SES) and African American race are both independently associated with end-stage renal disease and progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, despite their frequent co-occurrence, the effect of low SES independent of race has not been well studied in CKD. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 2,375 community-dwelling adults aged 30-64 years residing within 12 neighborhoods selected for both socioeconomic and racial diversity in Baltimore City, MD. PREDICTORS Low SES (self-reported household income <125% of 2004 Department of Health and Human Services guideline), higher SES (> or =125% of guideline); white and African American race. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS CKD defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Logistic regression used to calculate ORs for relationship between poverty and CKD, stratified by race. RESULTS Of 2,375 participants, 955 were white (347 low SES and 608 higher SES) and 1,420 were African American (713 low SES and 707 higher SES). 146 (6.2%) participants had CKD. Overall, race was not associated with CKD (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.57-1.96); however, African Americans had a much greater odds of advanced CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Low SES was independently associated with 59% greater odds of CKD after adjustment for demographics, insurance status, and comorbid disease (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.27-1.99). However, stratified by race, low SES was associated with CKD in African Americans (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.54-2.38), but not whites (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.58-1.55; P for interaction = 0.003). LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional design; findings may not be generalizable to non-urban populations. CONCLUSIONS Low SES has a profound relationship with CKD in African Americans, but not whites, in an urban population of adults, and its role in the racial disparities seen in CKD is worthy of further investigation.
Episodicity of seismicity accompanying melt intrusion into the crust

Microseismicity from a dike intruding the mid‐crust of Iceland occurs episodically on fractures orientated parallel to the dike plane. We interpret it as caused by fragments of chilled magma being broken and pushed along the conduit by melt flow. Laboratory experiments on basalt samples under shear strains of ∼10−4show that the shear strength of a sample cooled through the glass transition initially increases to a maximum at ∼0.7 homologous temperature, but subsequently decreases until failure at ∼0.58 homologous temperature. We interpret the failure as due to the connection of microcracks. Episodicity in microseismicity on timescales of hours to days can arise from a cycle in which magma in 0.1–0.5 meter thick dikes first cools and becomes stronger, but then weakens along the dike margins with continued cooling against the country rock. Continued pressure of magma from below may then cause failure along dike‐parallel fractures.
The influence of riparian woodland on stream temperatures: implications for the performance of juvenile salmonids

Stream temperature was monitored at five mainstem locations and one tributary location on the Girnock Burn, a 31‐km2 tributary catchment of the Aberdeenshire Dee in north‐east Scotland. Stream temperature was recorded at 15‐min resolution between April 2003 and March 2006 to investigate the influence of semi‐natural riparian woodland on the spatial and temporal variability of stream temperature and the influence that this had on the performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Two upstream sites were located in open moorland locations, while three downstream sites were located in areas of mixed deciduous/coniferous woodland areas at progressive distances of 0·75, 1·5 and 2·0 km from the upstream edge of continuous riparian tree cover. The effects of riparian woodland on stream temperature varied through the year, increasing during the spring to a maximum in summer, before decreasing once again in autumn. Maximum, mean and diel temperature amplitude were lower and minimum temperatures higher at woodland sites when compared to those located in open moorland. Although significant differences in fish performance were detected between sites, the influence of temperature variability was unclear due to confounding factors, some of which could not be measured during the study. It is recommended that future studies should combine advances in field‐based temperature monitoring with those in hydroclimatology to develop realistic process‐based models that can be used for stream temperature prediction. Further advances are needed in understanding the relationship between naturally variable thermal regime and fish performance in order that ecological predictions can be usefully made from field and modelled temperature data. © Crown Copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
La réfractivité radar : vers une cartographie de l'humidité en très basse couche de l'atmosphère

Les radars meteorologiques ont ete initialement concus pour detecter et quantifier les precipitations. Une nouvelle technique a ete proposee a la fin des annees 1990 pour mesurer le changement de l'indice de refraction de l'air dans les basses couches de l'atmosphere en exploitant la phase du signal provenant de cibles fixes situees autour du radar. Cette mesure donne des informations sur l'indice de refraction de l'air, lui-meme combinaison de la pression, de la temperature et de l'humidite, et presente donc un interet meteorologique, aussi bien pour la prevision numerique que pour les etudes de processus.
Congenital lactase deﬁciency:

Approximately three years ago, Hammerman et al published their initial experience with pharmacological closure of PDA with oral paracetamol in 5 patients. In the index patient, a newborn with 26 weeks of GA, paracetamol was administered for a different indication at 2/2 weeks of life and it was observed that a hsPDA that had not responded to two courses of ibuprofen had suddenly closed two days later. Following this, another four neonates of 26--29 weeks of GA in whom treatment with ibuprofen was contraindicated or had failed were treated with paracetamol. All patients showed either closure or a significant reduction in the size of the ductus 48 h after administration of paracetamol, and full closure in one week. On the basis of this first experience, other authors have used oral or intravenous paracetamol to treat PDA in small series of patients. A review of these studies has been recently published by Allegaert et al. The main concern raised by these studies has to do with the lack of data on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of paracetamol in extremely preterm newborns and the safety of its use in this population. There is also considerable controversy regarding the dosage used, which is double the dose used for analgesia in term newborns. The mechanism of action of paracetamol is not fully understood either, and in many of the published cases its use followed the administration and failure of ibuprofen, so it is not possible to know whether there was a synergistic effect between the two medications. In the only randomised study conducted to date, 80 patients completed the course of treatment. The efficacy in the pharmacological closure of PDA was similar for ibuprofen (77.5%) and paracetamol (72.5%) administered by the oral route, and both drugs proved to be safe. These are relevant findings, since COX inhibitors, despite having a success rate of 70--85%, are not free from side effects, such as, oliguria, gastrointestinal perforations, impaired platelet aggregation, hyperbilirubinaemia, etc. Ibuprofen has also been associated with an increased risk of BPD. In summary, although further prospective, controlled and appropriately designed studies are needed to establish the safety, efficacy and optimal dosage of paracetamol for the treatment of PDA in extremely preterm infants, these last experiences appear promising, at least in cases where traditional drugs fail or are contraindicated, and when avoiding surgery is deemed reasonable.
Estimation of train dwell time at short stops based on track occupation event data

Train dwell time is one of the most unpredictable components of railway operations mainly due to the varying volumes of alighting and boarding passengers. For reliable estimations of train running times and route conflicts on main lines it is however necessary to obtain accurate estimations of dwell times at the intermediate stops on the main line, the so-called short stops. This is a big challenge for a more reliable, efficient and robust train operation. Previous research has shown that dwell time is highly dependent on the number of boarding and alighting passengers. However, the latter numbers are usually not available in real time. This paper discusses the possibility of a dwell time estimation model at short stops without passenger demand information, by means of a statistical analysis of track occupation data from the Netherlands. The analysis showed that the dwell times are best estimated for peak and off-peak hour separately. The peak hour dwell times are estimated using a linear regression model of train length, dwell times at previous stops and dwell times of the previous trains. The off-peak hour dwell times are estimated using a non-parametric regression model. There are two major advantages of the proposed estimation model. The model does not need passenger flow data which is usually impossible to know in real time in practice. Also, detailed parameters of rolling stock configuration and platform layout are not required, which eases implementation.
The hydroxyquinoline analog YUM70 inhibits GRP78 to induce ER stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer

GRP78 (Glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) is a key regulator of ER reticulum) stress signaling. Cancer cells are highly proliferative and have high demand for protein synthesis and folding, which results in significant stress on the ER. To respond to ER stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes either survival or apoptotic death. Cancer cells utilize the UPR to promote survival and growth. In this study, we describe the discovery of a series of novel hydroxyquinoline GRP78 inhibitors. A representative analog, YUM70, inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and showed in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no toxicity to normal tissues. YUM70 directly bound GRP78 and inactivated its function, resulting in ER stress-mediated apoptosis. A YUM70 analog conjugated with BODIPY show co-localization of the compound with GRP78 in the ER. Moreover, a YUM70-PROTAC (PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera) was synthesized to force degradation of GRP78 in pancreatic cancer cells. YUM70 showed a strong synergistic cytotoxicity with topotecan and vorinostat. Together, our study demonstrates that YUM70 is a novel inducer of ER stress with preclinical efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. stress GRP78 and the ATF4 target genes that regulate PERK and eIF2α as part of a feedback loop We showed that YUM70 treatment increased the levels of ATF4 as well as phosphorylation of eIF2α. The result suggests that FAM129A positively regulates the PERK-eIF2α axis in pancreatic cancer and causes apoptosis mediated
Estimating rates of decompression from textures of erupted ash particles produced by 1999–2006 eruptions of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador

Persistent low- to moderate-level eruptive activity of andesitic volcanoes is difficult to monitor because small changes in magma supply rates may cause abrupt transitions in eruptive style. As direct measurement of magma supply is not possible, robust techniques for indirect measurements must be developed. Here we demonstrate that crystal textures of ash particles from 1999 to 2006 Vulcanian and Strombolian eruptions of Tungurahua volcano, Ecuador, provide quantitative information about the dynamics of magma ascent and eruption that is difficult to obtain from other monitoring approaches. We show that the crystallinity of erupted ash particles is controlled by the magma supply rate (MSR); ash erupted during periods of high magma supply is substantially less crystalline than during periods of low magma supply. This correlation is most easily explained by efficient degassing at very low pressures (<<50 MPa) and degassing-driven crystallization controlled by the time available prior to eruption. Our data also suggest that the observed transition from intermittent Vulcanian explosions at low MSR to more continuous periods of Strombolian eruptions and lava fountains at high MSR can be explained by the rise of bubbles through (Strombolian) or trapping of bubbles beneath (Vulcanian) vent-capping, variably viscous (and crystalline) magma.
How Do Clusters in Phase-Separating Active Matter Systems Grow? A study for Vicsek activity in systems undergoing vapor-solid transition

Via molecular dynamics simulations we have studied kinetics of vapor-solid phase transition in an active matter model in which self-propulsion is introduced via the well-known Vicsek rule. The overall density of the particles is chosen in such a way that the evolution morphology consists of disconnected clusters that are defined as regions of high density of particles. Our focus has been on understanding the influence of the self-propulsion on structure and growth of these clusters by comparing the results with those for the passive limit of the model that also exhibits vapor-solid transition. While in the passive case the growth occurs due to standard diffusive mechanism, the Vicsek activity leads to a very rapid growth, via a process that is practically equivalent to the ballistic aggregation mechanism. The emerging growth law in the latter case has been accurately estimated and explained by invoking information on velocity and structural aspects of the clusters into a relevant theory.
A Bottom Current Along the Shelf Break

Abstract The theory of Hill and Johnson for upwelling over the shelf break is modified to give agreement with the work of Killworth. It is shown that when upwelling occurs over a discontinuity in bottom slope, this upwelling does not penetrate into the surface Ekman layer. Associated with this upwelling is a strong current along the shelf break in the bottom Ekman layer.
Neuropharmacological and Cognitive Effects of Celastrus paniculatus – A Comprehensive

Celastrus paniculatus (CP) has been used for thousands of years in Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda. It is referred to as Jyotishmati and as the name suggests, boosts intelligence. Seed and seed oil are the most used parts of this deciduous plant and oral and intranasal routes are most preferred for delivering this drug in Ayurveda. Studies in laboratory animals have shown CP improves intellect and memory and is beneficial in neurodegeneration. Clinical studies in mentally retarded children have also shown that it enhances the Intelligence quotient. CP also ameliorates stress associated cognitive dysfunctions. The herb possesses antioxidant, free radical scavenging and neuroprotective activity. This manuscript reviews current information on the neuropharmacological effects of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) in different neuropsychiatric conditions.
Pig Carcass Spine Phantom-A Model to Learn Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Interventions

To the Editor: W e write with reference to an article by Fredrickson et al, which claims an advantage for continuous peripheral nerve catheter management of pain relief versus single-shot blocks after a range of more Bminor[ shoulder surgeries. We, too, have had a large experience in this area and wish to query certain aspects of their study. We are puzzled that no pain scores have been included for the period within the first 24 hours after surgery. Presumably, both groups had no pain initially. It would be interesting to know when the single-shot blocks wore off and what strategies were used to counter its effect? There seems to have been more difficulty siting the single-shot blocks, and how this may or may not have affected the duration of the block is uncertain. From the data presented, it is difficult to judge the extent of the separation between the 2 groups. There was some mixing of surgical groups, which has the potential to confound results. For example, our experience has been that lateral clavicular surgeries do not warrant continuous catheter management. Elastomeric pumps require a large volume (400 mL) to fill. Given that there is no advantage to running a catheter longer than a day and a half according to their data, a large volume of local anesthetic (È200 mL) is likely to be wasted with this approach. The authors have rightly commented on other costsVsurely, this is another one to consider. We do agree, however, with the authors’ comment that the first 36 hours after surgery seems to be the time of greatest advantage for running peripheral nerve catheters in these situations.
Aging differently: Physical limitations among adults aged 50 years and over: United States, 2001-2007.

u.s. depa c Many adults experience increases in physical limitations with age. A physical limitation, as defined here, refers to having difficulty performing any of eight physical activities, (see “Definition”). Physical limitation is important because of its relationship with the ability to live independently and to overall quality of life (1). Recent studies show that in the United States the onset of physical limitations occurs later in today’s older population than in earlier cohorts of the elderly (2,3). This “compression of morbidity” (4,5) means that on average older adults are living longer without experiencing a significant loss of independence in performing a wide range of activities. However, not all Americans have shared equally in this compression of morbidity; less advantaged groups such as minorities and the poor are more likely to report limitations in physical functioning at earlier ages than their more advantaged counterparts (6).
Serine/Arginine-rich protein family of splicing regulators: New approaches to study 1 splice isoform functions 2

25 Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins are conserved RNA-binding proteins that play major roles in RNA metabolism. They function as molecular adaptors, facilitate spliceosome assembly 27 and modulate constitutive and alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Pre-mRNAs encoding SR 28 proteins and many other proteins involved in stress responses are extensively alternatively spliced 29 in response to diverse stresses. Hence, it is proposed that stress-induced changes in splice isoforms 30 contribute to the adaptation of plants to stress responses. However, functions of most SR genes and 31 their splice isoforms in stress responses are not known. Lack of easy and robust tools hindered the 32 progress in this area. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 will facilitate studies of SR 33 function by enabling the generation of single and multiple knock -out mutants of SR subfamily 34 members. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas13 allows targeted manipulation of splice isoforms from SR and 35 other genes in a constitutive or tissue-specific manner to evaluate functions of individual splice 36 variants. Identification of the in vivo targets of SR proteins and their splice variants using the 37 recently developed TRIBE (Targets of RNA-binding proteins Identified By Editing) and other 38 methods will help unravel their mode of action and splicing regulatory elements under various 39 conditions. These new approaches are expected to provide significant new insights into the roles 40 of SRs and splice isoforms in plants adaptation to diverse stresses.
Modelling river temperature from air temperature: case of the River Drava (Croatia)

Abstract Measurements made in the past few decades undeniably indicate change in the climate. The most visible sign of global climate change is air temperature, while less visible indicators include changes in river water temperatures. Changes in river temperature can significantly affect the environment, primarily the biosphere. The physical, biological and chemical characteristics of the river are directly affected by water temperature, although estimation of this relationship presents a complex problem. Although river temperature is influenced by hydrological and meteorological factors, the purpose of this study is to model daily water temperature using only one known parameter, mean air temperature. The relationship between the daily mean air and daily water temperature of the River Drava in Croatia is analysed using linear regression, stochastic modelling or nonlinear regression and multilayer perceptron (MLP) feed-forward neural networks. The results indicate that the MLP models are much better models which can be used for the estimation and prediction of daily mean river temperature. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor M. Acreman
High resolution traveltime imaging

It is well known that traveltime tomography does not provide sufficient image quality of the earth. There are two major reasons: (1) resolution in traveltime inversion critically depends on the completeness of the recording aperture; (2) the number of independent traveltime equations is usually much less than the number of unknowns. The latter situation leads to the existence of different solutions which perfectly suit the same traveltime equations. Correct solutions cannot then be distinguished unless independent conditions (constraints) are imposed.
Role of floodplain sediments in reducing the nitrate concentration of subsurface run‐off: A case study in the Cotswolds, UK

Discharge of groundwater from a limestone aquifer through floodplain sediments is associated with a large decrease in the nitrate concentration of the water. Results are presented to show that only a small amount of this reduction is caused by dilution of groundwater by water already present within the floodplain sediments; most of the effect is an active reduction process, most probably biological denitrification. The nitrate reduction process appears to operate independently of surface vegetation type and tends to be focused in specific regions of the floodplain where sediments are anaerobic and carbon-rich. The results suggest that active denitrification can operate throughout the winter, when nitrate concentrations in groundwater are at their highest and that the process remains effective even during periods of maximum run-off. The results show that undrained floodplains can be used as buffer zones to protect surface waters from groundwater polluted with agriculturally derived nitrate.
Multiple equilibria, natural variability, and climate transitions in an idealized ocean-atmosphere model

Abstract An idealized coupled ocean–atmosphere is constructed to study climatic equilibria and variability. The model focuses on the role of large-scale fluid motions in the climate system. The atmospheric component is an eddy-resolving two-level global primitive equation model with simplified physical parameterizations. The oceanic component is a zonally averaged sector model of the thermohaline circulation. The two components exchange heat and freshwater fluxes synchronously. Coupled integrations are carried out over periods of several centuries to identify the equilibrium states of the ocean–atmosphere system. It is shown that there exist at least three types of equilibria, which are distinguished by whether they have upwelling or downwelling in the polar regions. Each of the coupled equilibria has a close analog in the ocean-only model with mixed boundary conditions. The oceanic circulation in the coupled model exhibits natural variability on interdecadal and longer timescales. The dominant interdecad.