Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arsenic poisoning: acute or chronic? Suicide or murder?

The case of the death by arsenic poisoning of a 62-year-old white man is presented. One year prior to death, he developed intermittent bouts of severe gastroenteritis with vomiting and diarrhea, hyperpigmentation and keratosis of the skin, neutropenia, and Guillain-Barre-like neuropathy for which he was hospitalized several times. Urine test results 6 months prior to death indicating 36 mg/L arsenic were believed to be in error. At the patient's last admission, he appeared in the emergency room with severe gastroenteritis, hypotension, and dehydration. He died 3 days later. Antemortem as well as autopsy specimens revealed elevated arsenic concentrations. Arsenic micrograms/g analysis by neutron activation of hair pulled from the man's head revealed by centimeter segmental analysis proximal to distal: 226, 104, 28, 56, 41, 40, and 74. The wife of the decedent was charged with murder by arsenic poisoning of this, her fifth, husband. The defense alleged that the decedent had committed suicide. The judge awarded a directed verdict of "not guilty. " Particulars of the medical, toxicological, and investigative findings are presented. Language: en
How Does the Fed Adjust its Securities Holdings and Who is Affected?

The Federal Open Market Committee indicated in its September 2017 post-meeting statement that it will initiate in October a balance sheet normalization program to gradually reduce its securities holdings. This action will put in place a policy of reinvesting and redeeming portions of the principal payments received by the Federal Reserve from its holdings of Treasury and agency securities. How are these adjustments to the Federal Reserve’s securities holdings transacted and who is affected? This paper provides a primer regarding how the Federal Reserve accounts for these securities transactions. It also illustrates the numerous ways that the Federal Reserve's actions can play out across other sectors of the economy, including those that engage directly with the Federal Reserve and those that are involved indirectly as funds change hands.
Approximation, metric entropy and small ball estimates for Gaussian measures

A precise link proved by Kuelbs and Li relates the small ball behavior of a Gaussian measure μ on a Banach space E with the metric entropy behavior of K μ , the unit ball of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space of μ in E. We remove the main regularity assumption imposed on the unknown function in the link. This enables the application of tools and results from functional analysis to small ball problems and leads to small ball estimates of general algebraic type as well as to new estimates for concrete Gaussian processes. Moreover, we show that the small ball behavior of a Gaussian process is also tightly connected with the speed of approximation by finite rank processes.
Revisiting the Ethiopian Bank Corporate Governance System: A Glimpse of the Operation of Private Banks

The overall standard of corporate governance in Ethiopia is inadequate. Among the factors which show such a poor standard is, firstly, the absence of an adequate legislative framework to regulate modern complex bank governance issues give rise to inefficient banks. Secondly, political parties' involvement in business enterprises is impeding effective competition by the private sector. Thirdly, inadequate shareholder protection laws and the ineffective judicial system that causes expropriation of shareholders' wealth by denying businesses legal safeguards. The absence of an organized share market also makes valuation and price discovery of banks difficult. Besides this, there is a major credibility problem in the Ethiopian banking regulatory environment, since the regulatory rules are enforced discriminately between state and private banks. This article also questions the impact of the two major aspects of corporate governance, namely, ownership structure and board structure on bank performance. By exploring best bank governance practices and international bank governance principles, this article suggests bank corporate governance in Ethiopia needs overhauling and adoption or adaptation of good corporate governance principles.
A NEW POVERTY PROFILE FOR BRAZIL USING PPV , PNAD AND CENSUS DATA *

This paper contains a poverty profile for Brazil, based on 1996 data. Poverty measures and shares are presented for a wide range of population subgroups, based on household level data from the PNAD 1996, adjusted for imputed rents and spatial differences in cost of living. Robustness of the profile is verified with respect to different poverty lines, different spatial price deflators, and different equivalence scales. Overall poverty incidence ranges from 23% with respect to an indigence line (15% for urban areas) to 45% with respect to a more generous poverty line (37% for urban areas). More importantly however, poverty is found to vary significantly across regions and city sizes, with rural areas, small and medium towns and the metropolitan peripheries of the North and Northeast regions being poorest. In addition, education, race and the labor status of the household head are important correlates of vulnerability. The marginal impact of each of these attributes, controlling for all others, is investigated through probit regressions run on PPV data. These confirm the importance of spatial variables, but suggest that education remains the central personal attribute determining the likelihood that a household experiences poverty. Some tentative recommendations to improve the quality of the available data sets are also made.
LOCALISATION DES ACTIVITÉS MÉTROPOLITAINES : QUELS IMPACTS SUR LE NAVETTAGE À MONTRÉAL?

Le phenomene de deconcentration urbaine constitue une realite a laquelle de nombreuses metropoles doivent desormais faire face. Perturbant les modeles de localisation des activites a l’echelle metropolitaine, ce processus n’est pas sans bouleverser de nombreux paradigmes, notamment en ce qui a trait aux dynamiques de mobilite. Bien que le lien entre forme urbaine et navettage ait fait l’objet de nombreuses etudes, les enjeux de cette reorganisation spatiale demeurent mal connus, leurs resultats etant souvent contradictoires. Parallelement, les preoccupations environnementales grandissantes des metropoles se traduisent par une multiplication des inventaires, plans et politiques visant a reduire leurs emissions de GES. Ainsi, quels impacts la localisation des activites metropolitaines, sous l’influence du phenomene de deconcentration des activites, peut-elle avoir sur le navettage metropolitain et, par consequent, sur les emissions de GES reliees au transport? A Montreal, le secteur des transports s’avere effectivement crucial en termes de reduction des emissions de GES, ce qui fournit un cadre d’etude particulierement interessant pour repondre a cette question.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON THE GENESIS OF MARINE MICROBIALITES AND DISSOLUTION SURFACE ASSOCIATED WITH THE END-PERMIAN MASS EXTINCTION: NEW SECTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS FROM THE NANPANJIANG BASIN, SOUTH CHINA

Abstract A widespread marine microbialite and underlying truncation surface occur in Permian–Triassic sections of South China. We interpret the microbialite to have formed as a shallow, open-marine benthic framework stimulated by high seawater CaCO3 saturation. The widespread distribution across platform interiors and lack of asymmetry or thickening toward platform margins is incompatible with an alternative hypothesis, that microbialite deposition was stimulated by upwelling anoxic, alkaline waters. The truncation surface beneath the microbialite is irregular with overhangs and small caverns extending up to 30 cm beneath the surface indicating a dissolutional origin. Petrographic observations refute the interpretation that strata immediately beneath the surface contain pendant cements, meniscus cements, and vadose silt. Measurements of the anisopachous fibrous cements show that thickened areas have random, not downward orientations. Pores retain the pointed geometry consistent with isopachous cement. Carbon and oxygen isotope measurements, from immediately beneath the surface, do not show a negative shift as would be expected with subaerial exposure. Also incompatible with a subaerial origin is the occurrence of only one truncation surface within a subtidal succession ~ 50 m thick below the surface and the limited vertical penetration of dissolution. The surface closely resembles a hardground containing a micritized alteration zone with stromatolites encrusted on the surface. We interpret the surface to have formed by submarine dissolution driven by a pulse of ocean acidification associated with Siberian Traps eruptions and the end-Permian extinction. After a hiatus of ~ 30–100 kyr, seafloor dissolution would have brought seawater back to saturation coupled with increased delivery of calcium to the oceans as the result of elevated continental weathering and caused a rebound in carbonate saturation and precipitation of microbialites.
Detección del tiempo de evitación de la colisión

En este trabajo aplicamos una propuesta inicipl de 10s disc&ulos de Gibson (optica ecologica) al ambito de la seguridad viaria: el parametro T (Tau = Tiempo para contactar), propuesto por Lee y cols. (1980). Elaboramos una simulacion computacional relativa a una situacion de conduccion (evitacion de la colision en vehiculos que circulan en sentidos opuestos), la cua1 nos ha permitido, al manipular la velocidad de 10s mdviles, apoyar la idea de que la decisibn, acerca de la distancia de seguridad limite, se fundamenta en la deteccion de un complejo parcimetro del flujo optico ambiental. Y que este puede derivarse de la proyeccion de sucesivas imagenes sobre la retina, mediante el cociente entre la distancia de seguridad y la velocidad de 10s moviles (parametro 7). Un analisis de la variancia puso de manifiesto que la distancia de seguridad no es constante, sino dependiente de la velocidad de 10s moviles. Un modelo de regresion multiple, basado en las variables que determinan el T se ajusto, de modo notable, a 10s datos de 10s sujetos. Y, jinalmente, se observaron diferencias, entre sujetos masculinos y femeninos, en cuanto a la deteccion del T, pero no en cuanto a la tasa de evitacion lograda en la tareu. Palabras clave: Percepcion de la profundidad, tiempo para contactar, circulacion vial, Optica ecologica, flujo Optico.
Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon,soil microbial biomass and soil CO_2 concentration in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve

Soil samples were collected in 0～15,15～30 and 30～45cm soil depth in February and July 2003 in three typical forest types in DBR.Soil organic carbon(SOC),soil microbial biomass carbon(Cmic)were measured.CO2 concentrations of soil surface and in the 15,30,45,60 cm depth soils,and soil respiration rates were measured at the same time.The results were as follows:(1)SOC decreased with soil depth,with the significantly higher content in 0-15 cm layer than those in other two layers.SOC content in BF is significantly higher than that in MF and PF. (2)Soil carbon density also decreased with soil depth,with the significantly higher content in 0-15 cm layer than those in other two layers. (3)Cmic decreased quickly with the depth of soil,with 81-92% of Cmic exist-ing in 0-30 cm deep soils.The Cmic to SOC ratios(1.46-5.92%)of different soil profiles suggested that SOC were in accumulation,and the accumulation rates increased with soil depth,which suggesting that SOC were transfered from surface soil to deep soil. (4)Soil CO2 concentration increased sharply with soil depth,this might be ascribed to the very low CO2 diffusivity at deep soils.
I-N: a newly described H-2 I subregion between K and I-A

Strong, primary mixed leukocyte culture-proliferative responses in certain K region-incompatible strain combinations led us to consider whether an I region-like locus might exist between K and I-A. Results obtained with an (A. TL X B10.D2)F1 anti-B10.BR serum provided serological evidence for a new locus; B10.T(6R)-absorbed serum retained reactivity on AQR lymphocytes. This finding demonstrates an antigen, Ia.W41, encoded by a locus, Ia-7, within a new I subregion, I-N.
3D PML-FDTD simulation of ground penetrating radar on dispersive Earth media

A 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) is described. The soil material is characterized by inhomogeneities, conductive loss and strong dispersion. The dispersion is modelled by an N-th order Lorentz model and implemented by recursive convolution. The perfectly matched layer (PML) is used as an absorbing boundary condition (ABC). This formulation facilitates the parallelization of the code. A code is written for a 32 processor system. Almost linear speedup is observed. Results include the radargrams of buried objects.
Impaired consciousness and unilateral limb movement due to acute limb ischemia complicated by acute cerebral infarction: A case report

Rationale: The symptoms of impaired consciousness and unilateral motor impairments are a perfect scenario for cerebral infarction, and a physician can easily miss the findings of limb ischemia on the patient paralyzed side even if acute limb ischemia (ALI) occurs on that side. The purpose of this case report is to reiterate the need to suspect ALI in patients with impaired consciousness who cannot complain of symptoms such as abnormal limb paresthesia or pain. Patient concerns: An 89-year-old woman with impaired consciousness and motor impairment of the left upper and lower extremities was transported to our hospital. Diagnoses: Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a suspected cerebral infarction in the posterior circulation; contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed occlusion of the left axillary artery and left femoral artery; and ultrasonography showed occlusion of the right popliteal artery. Interventions: Cerebral angiography was performed simultaneously with surgical thrombectomy to treat the ALI. Mechanical thrombectomy was not performed for cerebral infarction. Outcomes: Although motor impairment of the left upper and lower extremities persisted, the patient successfully underwent limb salvage. Lessons: Both cerebral infarction and ALI require early diagnosis and treatment. This rare case of cerebral infarction complicated by ALI emphasizes the need to avoid missing the signs of ALI in patients with impaired consciousness.
Predicting Neonatal Perchlorate Dose and Inhibition of Iodide Uptake in the Rat during Lactation Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling

Perchlorate (ClO4 ), a contaminant in drinking water, competitively inhibits active uptake of iodide (I) into various tissues, including mammary tissue. During postnatal development, inhibition of I uptake in the mammary gland and neonatal thyroid and the active concentration ClO4 in milk indicate a potentially increased susceptibility of neonates to endocrine disruption. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to reproduce measured ClO4 distribution in the lactating and neonatal rat and predict resulting effects on I kinetics from competitive inhibition at the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). Kinetic I and ClO4 behavior in tissues with NIS (thyroid, stomach, mammary gland, and skin) was simulated with multiple subcompartments, Michaelis-Menten (M-M) kinetics and competitive inhibition. Physiological and kinetic parameters were obtained from literature and experiment. Systemic clearance and M-M parameters were estimated by fitting simulations to tissue and serum data. The model successfully describes maternal and neonatal thyroid, stomach, skin, and plasma, as well as maternal mammary gland and milk data after ClO4 exposure (from 0.01 to 10 mg/kg-day ClO4 ) and acute radioiodide (2.1 to 33,000 ng/kg I) dosing. The model also predicts I uptake inhibition in the maternal thyroid, mammary gland, and milk. Model simulations predict a significant transfer of ClO4 through milk after maternal exposure; approximately 50% to 6% of the daily maternal dose at doses ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 mg ClO4 /kg-day, respectively. Comparison of predicted dosimetrics across life-stages in the rat indicates that neonatal thyroid I uptake inhibition is similar to the adult and approximately tenfold less than the fetus.
Post-Perovskite Phase Transition

In situ x-ray diffraction measurements of MgSiO 3 were performed at high pressure and temperature similar to the conditions at Earth’s core-mantle boundary. Results demonstrate that MgSiO 3 perovskite transforms to a new high-pressure form with stacked SiO6-octahedral sheet structure above 125 gigapascals and 2500 kelvin (2700-kilometer depth near the base of the mantle) with an increase in density of 1.0 to 1.2%. The origin of the D seismic discontinuity may be attributed to this post-perovskite phase transition. The new phase may have large elastic anisotropy and develop preferred orientation with platy crystal shape in the shear flow that can cause strong seismic anisotropy below the D discontinuity.
Evaluation of nipple vascularity using superb microvascular imaging in patients with reduction mammoplasty

We aimed to investigate the effect of the chosen pedicle on nipple vascularity by evaluating changes in the microvascular circulation of the nipples in patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty through superb microvascular imaging study (SMI). 70 nipples were included in this retrospective study. There were 15 patients (30 nipples) in Group A using the inferior pedicle and 20 patients (40 nipples) in Group B using the superomedial pedicle. The vascular index (VI) of each nipple were evaluated preoperatively and at the third postoperative month using SMI. The mean VI in Group A was 1.25 (0.5–3.6) preoperatively and 1.3 (0.4–3.2) at the third postoperative month (P > .05). The mean VI in Group B was 1.65 (0.7/2.9) preoperatively and 1.15 (0.2/1.9) at the third postoperative month (P < .05). While the VI increased by 11.3% in Group A, it decreased by 30.6% in Group B (P < .001). The changing of the VI was analyzed between comparable groups, and decreasing microvascular circulation of the nipple with use of the superomedial pedicle was detected by quantitative values, which can be useful in at-risk patient groups, the planning of surgical procedures, and early revisions at postoperative month 3.
The Last Deglaciation of the Southeastern Sector of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet

The Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) was an important component of the global ice sheet system during the last glaciation, but the timing of its growth to or retreat from its maximum extent remains poorly known. We used 115 cosmogenic beryllium-10 ages and 70 radiocarbon ages to constrain the timing of three substantial ice-margin fluctuations of the SIS between 25,000 and 12,000 years before the present. The age of initial deglaciation indicates that the SIS may have contributed to an abrupt rise in global sea level. Subsequent ice-margin fluctuations identify opposite mass-balance responses to North Atlantic climate change, indicating differing ice-sheet sensitivities to mean climate state.
Whole genome sequencing characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci caprine AMK-16 strain, a promising killed whole cell veterinary vaccine candidate against chlamydia infection

Chlamydia psittaci is a primary zoonotic pathogen with a broad host range causing severe respiratory and reproductive system infection in animals and humans. To reduce the global burden of C. psittaci-associated diseases on animal welfare and health and to control the pathogen spread in husbandry, effective vaccines based on promising vaccine candidate(s) are required. Recently, the caprine C. psittaci AMK-16 strain (AMK-16) demonstrated a high level of protection (up to 80–100%) in outbred mice and pregnant rabbits immunized with these formaldehyde-inactivated bacteria against experimental chlamydial wild-type infection. This study investigated the molecular characteristics of AMK-16 by whole-genome sequencing followed by molecular typing, phylogenetic analysis and detection of main immunodominant protein(s) eliciting the immune response in mouse model. Similarly to other C. psittaci, AMK-16 harbored an extrachromosomal plasmid. The whole-genome phylogenetic analysis proved that AMK-16 strain belonging to ST28 clustered with only C. psittaci but not with Chlamydia abortus strains. However, AMK-16 possessed the insert which resulted from the recombination event as the additional single chromosome region of a 23,100 bp size with higher homology to C. abortus (98.38–99.94%) rather than to C. psittaci (92.06–92.55%). At least six of 16 CDSs were absent in AMK-16 plasticity zone and 41 CDSs in other loci compared with the reference C. psittaci 6BC strain. Two SNPs identified in the AMK-16 ompA sequence resulted in MOMP polymorphism followed by the formation of a novel genotype/subtype including three other C. psittaci strains else. AMK-16 MOMP provided marked specific cellular and humoral immune response in 100% of mice immunized with the inactivated AMK-16 bacteria. Both DnaK and GrpE encoded by the recombination region genes were less immunoreactive, inducing only a negligible T-cell murine immune response, while homologous antibodies could be detected in 50% and 30% of immunized mice, respectively. Thus, AMK-16 could be a promising vaccine candidate for the development of a killed whole cell vaccine against chlamydiosis in livestock.
Pemodelan fenologi populasi penggerek batang padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) berbasis pengaruh iklim

Iklim merupakan faktor yang sangat berpengaruh pada kelimpahan hama penggerek batang padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (i) menyusun model prediksi populasi penggerek batang padi kuning (PBK) dan (ii) menilai kemampuan model untuk memprediksi kelimpahan dan puncak populasi PBK pada skenario perubahan iklim SRES A1FI dan B1. Pemodelan PBK membutuhkan dua komponen utama, yaitu paramater iklim dan suhu ambang bawah perkembangan (To) untuk menggambarkan siklus hidup PBK dari tahap telur, larva, pupa, dan imago. Penelitian menggunakan perangkat lunak DYMEX yang dapat menggambarkan perkembangan, mortalitas, transfer individu dari satu tahap ke tahap kehidupan selanjutnya, serta fekunditas dan reproduksi PBK. Nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) kalibrasi model antara prediksi dan observasi menunjukkan korelasi positif yang kuat dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,65. Validasi model juga dapat memprediksi populasi puncak, dengan R2 sebesar 0,42. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan puncak populasi terjadi ketika intensitas curah hujan tinggi, yaitu pada bulan Maret sampai April, Juli sampai September, dan November sampai Desember. Model memprediksi populasi PBK di wilayah Sukamandi mencapai 3 generasi per tahun, sedangkan di Kuningan 2 generasi per tahun. Simulasi model di bawah skenario perubahan iklim SRES A1FI dan B1 menunjukkan perbedaan sensitivitas. Ada kecenderungan peningkatan populasi PBK di wilayah Kuningan, dan kecenderungan penurunan di wilayah Sukamandi. Di bawah perubahan iklim, kondisi lingkungan di Kuningan menjadi lebih cocok untuk perkembangbiakan PBK, yang memungkinkan peningkatan jumlah generasi per tahun.
A short evaluation of aging theories and focal points of aging studies

The process of aging has been investigated for a long time. Numerous theories were described to understand actual mechanism of aging. External environmental factors, genomic component, somatic mutation, harmful effects of free radicals, decline of the immune response and deficiency in the endocrine system, accumulation of glycosylation end products (AEGs), decreasing amount of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), telomeric shortening and calorie intake are thought to be related. Many questions exist about the phenomenon “aging and life span”. This article represents a brief evaluation of aging theories and fundamental focus point of aging studies.