Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consensus-Based Robust Filtering Over Sensor Networks With Weighted and Unweighted Topologies and Communication Delays

In this article, a consensus-based robust filter is proposed for sensor networks with weighted and unweighted topologies, and communication delays. The system is considered to be linear time-varying (LTV) with bounded uncertainties. In order to achieve the desired filter, first, a robust optimization problem is defined based on the consensus protocol for unweighted topologies. The consensus protocol ensures an agreement between the estimates of all sensors. By solving this problem, the proposed consensus-based robust filter is obtained and its algorithm is presented. Then, to increase the applicability of the filter, another optimization problem for weighted topologies is introduced. Next, due to the impact and high importance of communication delays in sensor networks, by considering the time-varying delays in consensus protocols, new optimization problems are solved again to achieve a suitable filter. One of the most significant features of the proposed consensus-based robust filters is that the loss of a large part of the network links does not pull down the filtering performance. Finally, in the simulation section, the robust performance and efficiency of the proposed consensus-based robust filters have been investigated for weighted and unweighted networks in the presence of time-varying delays and loss of communication links.
Minimal Bases of Rational Vector Spaces, with Applications to Multivariable Linear Systems

A minimal basis of a vector space V of n-tuples of rational functions is defined as a polynomial basis such that the sum of the degrees of the basis n-tuples is minimum. Conditions for a matrix G to represent a minimal basis are derived. By imposing additional conditions on G we arrive at a minimal basis for V that is unique. We show how minimal bases can be used to factor a transfer function matrix G in the form $G = ND^{ - 1} $, where N and D are polynomial matrices that display the controllability indices of G and its controller canonical realization. Transfer function matrices G solving equations of the form $PG = Q$ are also obtained by this method; applications to the problem of finding minimal order inverse systems are given. Previous applications to convolutional coding theory are noted. This range of applications suggests that minimal basis ideas will be useful throughout the theory of multivariable linear systems. A restatement of these ideas in the language of valuation theory is given in an Ap.
Optimal finite wordlength linear quadratic regulation

The authors consider the design of an LQG regulator, implemented in fixed-point arithmetic, which is optimized with respect to its state wordlength and structure. The approach extends previous design methods so that arithmetic errors are directly included. The optimal finite controller gains are computed as a function of the arithmetic wordlength subject to an l/sub 2/-scaling constant on the controller states. The design method used permits the cost for the (near) optimal structure to be developed so that this can then be used as a basis for comparison to other less complex structures. >
Scattering theory for differential operators, II, self-adjoint elliptic operators

in $R^{n}$ . Throughout the paper the same notations as in (I) will be used. Theorems etc. given in (I) will be quoted as Theorem I.2. 9 for theorems, as. (I.3.7) for formulas, as [I.1] for references, etc. Recently, S. Agmon investigated the self-adjoint elliptic operator $\sum_{|\alpha|\leqq 2m}a_{\alpha}(x)D^{\alpha}u$ by the method of limiting absorption (or by a weighted elliptic estimate) and announced the results in [I.1] and a lecture quoted in (I). The result given in the present paper considerably overlaps with Agmon’s results. In particular, Theorem 1.5 given below is essentially equivalent to what is announced in [i.1]. The approach to the proof, however, is different. Our work has been carried out independently of Agmon’s except for the last stage where the proof of ii) of Theorem 1.5 (or Theorem I.5.21) was completed after having been stimulated by Agmon’s work. We will treat the problem as an example to which the abstract methock given in (I) can be applicable.1) The crucial tool which makes this application possible is the trace theorem in the Sobolev spaces.
Effects of Vinyl Functionalized Silica Particles on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites

It is very important to develop a new method of preparing high-performance liquid silicone rubber-reinforcing filler. Herein, the hydrophilic surface of silica (SiO2) particles was modified by a vinyl silazane coupling agent to prepare a new type of hydrophobic reinforcing filler. The structures and properties of modified SiO2 particles were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), specific surface area and particle size distribution and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the results of which demonstrated that the aggregation of hydrophobic particles is greatly reduced. Additionally, the effects of the vinyl-modified SiO2 particle (f-SiO2) content on the dispersibility, rheology, and thermal and mechanical properties of liquid silicone rubber (SR) composites were studied for application toward high-performance SR matrix. The results showed that the f-SiO2/SR composites possessed low viscosity and higher thermal stability, conductivity, and mechanical strength than of SiO2/SR composites. We believe that this study will provide ideas for the preparation of high-performance liquid silicone rubber with low viscosity.
Wall effect on the bubble behaviour in highly viscous liquids

A theoretical and experimental study is carried out for the problem of the wall effect experienced by a fluid body moving with a constant speed along the axis of a vertical circular tube filled with a highly viscous liquid. In the theoretical study the body is limited to being either spherical or cylindrical and an optimization process with least squares is used to write the no-slip condition on the tube wall. Comparisons between the hydrodynamic and kinematic behaviour of a rigid, liquid and gaseous body are established. Furthermore, from an experimental investigation, based upon a fine visualization technique and rising-speed measurements, the respective limits of validity of the calculations have been found in the case of an air bubble. Information concerned especially with the shape of this bubble, and the hydrodynamic field that it generates, is given for the whole domain of the bubble and tube diameter ratio ranging from no wall influence to maximum wall influence.
Application of percolation model in spreading dynamics driven by social networks big data

Spreading dynamics is a common yet sophisticated phenomenon in real life, and percolation theory is widely applied in analysis of this dynamics due to its conciseness and efficiency. With the development of information technology, the quality and quantity of available data are being improved. Although this offers a chance to describe and understand empirical spreading phenomena more comprehensively and accurately, complicated dynamics brought by massive data pose new challenges to the study of social contagion based on percolation theory. In this prospective, we show, by analyzing examples, how the percolation theory is used to describe the information transmission on social networks driven by big data. We also explore the indirect influence mechanism behind the spread of scientific research behavior, and develop a new algorithm to quantify the global influence of nodes from the local topology. Finally, we propose, based on these example studies, several possible new directions of percolation theory in the study of social contagion driven by big data.
Amplitude and phase response of freeboard-mounted ship antennas

Phase and amplitude data were measured on 20 half-loop antennas mounted around the freeboard of a \frac{1}{48} scale model of a "Gearing" class destroyer at 56 scaled HF and at two elevations. Variations in the amplitude and relative phase of received energy are presented in the form of three-dimensional surface plots for selected samples of these data. Azimuth, antenna position, and frequency are used as independent variables.
A micro‐mechanically based quadratic yield condition for textured polycrystals

In the present paper a two‐scale approach for the description of anisotropies in sheet metals is introduced, which combines the advantages of a macroscopic and a microscopic modeling. While the elastic law, the flow rule, and the hardening rule are formulated on the macroscale, the anisotropy is taken into account in terms of a micro‐mechanically defined 4th‐order texture coefficient. The texture coefficient specifies the anisotropic part of the elasticity tensor and the quadratic yield condition. The evolution of the texture coefficients is described by a rigid‐viscoplastic Taylor type model. The advantage of the suggested model compared to the classical v. Mises‐Hill model is first, that macroscopic anisotropy parameters can be identified based on a texture measurement, and second, that the anisotropy of the elastic and the plastic behavior is generally path‐dependent and that this path‐dependence is related to a micro‐mechanical deformation mechanism. An explicit modeling of the plastic spin is circumvented by the aforementioned micro‐mechanical approach. The model is implemented into the FE code ABAQUS and applied to the simulation of the deep drawing process of aluminum.
Interannual and decadal SST‐forced responses of the West African monsoon

We review the studies carried out during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA)‐EU on the changes of interannual sea surface temperature (SST)–West African monsoon (WAM) covariability at multidecadal timescales, together with the influence of global warming (GW). The results obtained in the AMMA‐EU suggest the importance of the background state, modulated by natural and anthropogenic variability, in the appearance of different interannual modes. The lack of reliability of current coupled models in giving a realistic assessment for WAM in the future is also stated. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Tangential contact problem for a transversely isotropic elastic layer bonded to a rigid foundation

A contact problem is called tangential when arbitrary tangential displacements are prescribed over a part of the boundary of a transversely isotropic layer, while the tangential stress is zero over the rest of the boundary; the normal stress vanishes all over the boundary. The Generalized Images method is used to give a complete elementary solution to the problem. A new governing integral equation is derived. A particular case of a circular domain of contact is studied in detail. The governing integral equation can be inverted in this case. Approximate formulae are derived for the resultant force and the torque. A direct relationship is established between the integral transform method and the Generalized Images method. A limiting case of general solution gives the solution for an isotropic layer.
The numerical solution of equality constrained quadratic programming problems

This paper proves that a large class of iterative schemes can be used to solve a certain constrained minimization problem. The constrained minimization problem considered involves the minimization of a quadratic functional subject to linear equality constraints. Among this class of convergent iterative schemes are generalizations of the relaxed Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and symmetric Gauss-Seidel schemes.
The Newtonian limit of Penrose's quasi-local mass

Penrose's definition, (1982), of quasi-local mass is applied in the Newtonian limit of general relativity. The calculations are for 2-surfaces within a hypersurface of constant Newtonian time t. The leading-order terms in both the mass within the 2-surface and the difference between the mass and a conserved mass within the 2-surface are calculated. The former is just the Newtonian mass contained within the 2-surface and the latter, for a 2-surface surrounding an isolated system, gives the standard expression for the energy of the system. When applied to 2-surfaces containing parts of a system results interpretable in terms of binding energies appear.
The IUE Spectrum of the Planetary Nebula NGC 6905

We present results from new IUE high-dispersion and archival low-dispersion spectra of NGC 6905. Ultraviolet emission lines of O VIII and possibly O VII are detected for the first time in NGC 6905. High-excitation lines of C IV, C V, O VI, [Mg V], [Ne III], [Ne IV], [Ne V], [Ar IV], and [Ar V] are also observed. Electron densities and terminal wind velocities are presented. Terminal wind velocities from O V and C IV lines are discussed. Variability (up to ≈25%) of the complex split He II λ1640 emission may be intrinsic or a function of position angle of the IUE camera entrance aperture. After reextracting the low-dispersion data, no significant changes between 1981 and 1991 were found for the strong O V λ1371, C IV λ1549, He II λ1640, and C III] λ1909 emissions. Many weak features not detected before have been identified in the archival low-resolution data. Some comparisons are made with UV spectra of Sand 3 and KPD 0005 + 6501. Preliminary results indicate O vm emissions in IUE spectra of NGC 2371–2, NGC 2867, NGC 5189, and NGC 5315, suggesting that these planetary nebulae, together with NGC 6905, RX λ2117 + 3412, and Sand 3, form a new “O VIII sequence. ” The present work illustrates the need to reexamine older IUE spectra and demonstrates that today's improved data analysis is capable of improving greatly the results reported in earlier publications.
Interaction of two two-level atoms with a single-mode squeezed field

The N-photon interaction of two two-level atoms with a single-mode quantized radiation field is studied. The general expression for the state vector of the atom–field system is presented with the probability amplitudes in analytic form. For the initial condition in which the atoms are both at their upper levels and the field is in a squeezed state, we study the time evolution of the atomic population inversions and that of the statistics of the field. We find that the ratio of the two coupling constants, the initial squeezing of the field, and N have significant effects on the features of the atoms and of the field.
Implications of Hypothalamic Neural Stem Cells on Aging and Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases

The hypothalamus, one of the major regulatory centers in the brain, controls various homeostatic processes, and hypothalamic neural stem cells (htNSCs) have been observed to interfere with hypothalamic mechanisms regulating aging. NSCs play a pivotal role in the repair and regeneration of brain cells during neurodegenerative diseases and rejuvenate the brain tissue microenvironment. The hypothalamus was recently observed to be involved in neuroinflammation mediated by cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, or systemic aging, is characterized by a progressive irreversible state of cell cycle arrest that causes physiological dysregulation in the body and it is evident in many neuroinflammatory conditions, including obesity. Upregulation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress due to senescence has the potential to alter the functioning of NSCs. Various studies have substantiated the chances of obesity inducing accelerated aging. Therefore, it is essential to explore the potential effects of htNSC dysregulation in obesity and underlying pathways to develop strategies to address obesity-induced comorbidities associated with brain aging. This review will summarize hypothalamic neurogenesis associated with obesity and prospective NSC-based regenerative therapy for the treatment of obesity-induced cardiovascular conditions.
Application of a wavelet transform in eigenvalue problems for electromagnetic field computations

In this paper, we present the wavelet transform (WT) method to reduce the dimension of a matrix without sacrificing too much precision on eigenvalues. By using the WT, the original matrix is split into two matrices, with each being a quarter the size of the original one. One of the derived matrices contains the smaller eigenvalues, while the other has larger ones. Moreover, this procedure can be taken successively, one can have a series of reduced order matrices.
Oxygen abundances in low surface brightness galaxies

On a determine les abondances de l'oxygene dans les regions HII de 12 galaxies de faible brillance de surface. On trouve que la plupart ressemblent aux galaxies spirales et irregulieres deja etudiees. La seule exception est la tres grande galaxie barree faible UKS 1348-355 dans laquelle les etoiles ne se sont formees que tres lentement sur une grande region
On Miura transformations of evolution equations

The general Miura transformation (t,x,u(t,x)) to (s,y,v(s,y)): v=a(t,x,u,. . ., delta ru/ delta xr), y=b(t,x,u,. . ., delta ru/ delta xr), s=c(t,x,u,. . ., delta ru/ delta xr) is considered which connects two evolution equations ut=f(t,x,u,. . ., delta nu/ delta xn) and vs=g(t,x,u,. . ., delta mu/ delta xm). The conditions c=c(t) and m=n are proven to be necessary. It is shown that every Miura transformation, admitted by a constant separant equation ut=f, consists of the following three transformations: (i) (t,x,u) to (t,x,w), where w=a(t,x,u,. . .,ux. . .x); (ii) (t,x,w) to (t,y,v), where y=x and v=w, or y=w and v=wx, or y=wx and v=wxx; (iii) a transformation of time s=c(t) and a contact transformation of (y,v). As an example, the Korteweg-de Vries equation is transformed to three new nonlinear equations, of which two have neither nontrivial algebra of generalized symmetries nor infinite set of conserved densities.
Recent Advances of Marine Natural Indole Products in Chemical and Biological Aspects

The ocean has always been one of the important sources of natural products. In recent years, many natural products with different structures and biological activities have been obtained, and their value has been clearly recognized. Researchers have been deeply engaged in the field of separation and extraction, derivative synthesis, structural studies, biological evaluation, and other fields of research for marine natural products. Thus, a series of marine indole natural products which have structural and biological prospect have caught our eyes. In this review, we summarize some of these marine indole natural products with relatively good pharmacological activity and research value, and discuss issues concerning chemistry, pharmacological activity, biological evaluation, and synthesis, including monomeric indoles, indole peptides, bis-indoles, and annelated indoles. Most of the compounds have cytotoxic, antiviral, antifungal, or anti-inflammatory activities.
Dynamics of Magnetic Loops in the Coronae of Accretion Disks

Axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations are used to study the evolution of general magnetic field configurations where a magnetic field B threads different radii of a differentially rotating accretion disk. The differential rotation of the footpoints of B field loops at different radii on the disk surface causes a twisting of the coronal magnetic field, an increase in the coronal magnetic energy, and an opening of the loops in the region where the magnetic pressure is larger than the matter pressure (β ≲ 1). In the region where β ≳ 1, the loops may be only partially opened. Current layers form in the narrow regions that separate oppositely directed magnetic field lines. Reconnection occurs in these layers as a result of the small numerical magnetic diffusivity of the code. In contrast with the case of the solar coronal magnetic field, the combination of magnetic and centrifugal forces leads to significant matter outflow from the disk. The faster rotation of the inner part of the disk gives a stronger outflow from this part of the disk. The outflow accelerates with increasing distance from the disk up to velocities in excess of the escape speed. The outflows show some collimation within the computational region and have a large power output mainly in the form of a Poynting flux. Thus these outflows are pertinent to the origin of astrophysical jets. We present results of a survey of simulation runs for the behavior of magnetic loops and outflows for a wide range of field strengths B and mass outflow rates Ṁj. The model and processes observed are relevant to the coronae of accretion disks around stellar-mass objects, including pre-main-sequence stars, compact stars, and black holes, as well as the coronae of disks around massive black holes in active galactic nuclei. Opening of magnetic field loops may lead to transient and/or steady outflows, while reconnection events may be responsible for X-ray flares in such objects.
Comparative analysis of physiological responses to environmental stress in Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii seedlings due to roots exposure

Hedysarum scoparium and Caragana korshinskii seedlings were used as the test materials to carry out the roots exposure stress model test. By comparing the physiological growth indexes in the leaves of the tested plants, the stress resistance ability was evaluated. The results showed (1) root exposure resulted in excessive oxygen free radicals, which resulted in membrane lipid peroxidation and increased MDA content in two plants. The increase of MDA content in H. scoparium was greater than that in C. korshinskii. (2) H. scoparium mainly regulate their own adaptation to the stress by regulating carotenoids. C. korshinskii adjusts itself to adapt to the stress by regulating chlorophyll. (3) H. scoparium resist this stress mainly by regulating their respiration rate. (4) H. scoparium mainly through the mobilization of proline, by adjusting the proline concentration to reduce their water potential; C. korshinskii reduced its water potential mainly by regulating the concentration of soluble sugar to adapt to the stress. (5) H. scoparium and C. korshinskii activated peroxidase (H. scoparium) and catalase (C. korshinskii) to clean up intracellular peroxides, respectively. To sum up, under the same root exposure ratio, there were significant differences in physiological regulation and morphological indexes between H. and C. korshinskii, but their stress resistance mechanisms were quite different.
Stability of Matter. II

The stability of a system of charged point particles is proved under the assumption that all negatively charged particles are fermions. A lower bound on the energy is found to be −Aq⅔Nme4ℏ−2, where q is the number of distinct negative species, N the total number of negative particles, m an upper bound for their mass, e an upper bound for the absolute value of the charge on both negative and positive particles, and A is a numerical constant.
Autoimmunpankreatitis

Zusammenfassung Seit den 1990er-Jahren ist die Autoimmunpankreatitis (AIP) als eigenständige Form der Pankreatitis bekannt, seit Kurzem ist sie als solche auch anerkannt. In diesem Beitrag liegt der Schwerpunkt auf der Diagnostik der Autoimmunpankreatitis und dabei insbesondere auf der Bildgebung, die dabei eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.
Evolution of Magnetic Field and Atmospheric Responses - Part Two - Formulation of Proper Boundary Equations

A systematic manner of deriving physically self-consistent, time-dependent boundary equations for MHD initial boundary problems is presented. The formulation is based on the use of the method of projected characteristics described in Paper I. It is shown that the full use of the compatibility equations (differential equations relating variations at two spatial locations and times) is required in determining the time-dependent boundary conditions. To provide a clear physical picture as an example, the evolution of axisymmetric global magnetic field by photospheric differential rotation is considered. The details of the formulation are described together with other considerations--in particular, the possible cause of the observed time difference for the reversal of the polar magnetic field on the Sun.