Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accretion of the NW Himalayan foreland pre‐dates Late Cenozoic climate change

Conceptual models demonstrate that climate can control the structural evolution of mountain belts and that Pliocene–Quaternary global climate change modulated Himalayan wedge behaviour. A key test of this hypothesis is the timing of foreland accretion. If foreland accretion pre‐dates climate change, then climate is not the primary driver of mountain building. New apatite (U–Th)/He data from NW Himalaya foreland thrust sheets suggest that accretion had occurred by the latest 4 Ma, prior to the Pliocene–Quaternary global climate change. Climate cannot, therefore, be invoked as the principal driver of Himalayan tectonics in the late Cenozoic.
Hygiene and Safety of Hard Cheese Made from Raw Cows’ Milk

Simple Summary Raw cheeses have gained the preference of some consumers because of their intense and stronger taste compared with that of pasteurised cheeses. The pasteurization of raw milk causes the inactivation of the pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms of milk and of enzymes such as proteases and lipases which play a significant role in enhancing the unique flavour of raw cheeses. This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological status of cheese made from unpasteurized cows’ milk, to examine the safety of the cheese and to observe the changes that occurred in its microbial community during ripening and storage. The microbiological quality of raw milk was found generally good and was improved throughout the experiments. For the cheese samples, a small increase in the prevalence of indicator microorganisms in curd and cheese samples was observed for the first few days, followed by a relatively stable condition as manufacturing proceeded and throughout the ripening of the final product. The outcome of our study was that the use of good-quality raw milk under sanitary conditions, the application of good manufacturing practices and a maturation period in a controlled environment were found to be the necessary prerequisites for the production of safe raw cheese products. Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiological status of cheese made from unpasteurized cows’ milk, to examine the safety of the cheese and to observe the changes that occurred in its microbial community during ripening and storage. Furthermore, the pH, the moisture and salt concentration were also monitored throughout processing, ripening and storage. Seven cheesemaking trials took place along with the microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the milk, curd and cheese produced. The milk used for the cheesemaking, two curd samples before the heating and two after the heating, two cheese samples at days 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 were subjected to microbiological analysis for total mesophilic bacterial count (for milk only), Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Listeria, and Clostridium. The microbiological quality of raw milk was found to be good. It was initially slightly above the EU limit but improvements associated with farm biosecurity and milking equipment hygiene led to a significantly improved milk quality. A small increase in the prevalence of indicator microorganisms in curd and cheese samples was observed for the first few days, followed by a relatively stable condition as manufacturing proceeded and throughout the ripening of the final product. In two cheesemaking trials, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were detected, the first originating from the milk and the second from the environment. The use of good-quality raw milk under sanitary conditions, the application of good manufacturing practices and a maturation period in a controlled environment were found to be the necessary prerequisites for the production of safe raw cheese products.
The SINS and zC-SINF surveys: the growth of massive galaxies at z ~ 2 through detailed kinematics and star formation with SINFONI

The z ~ 2 Universe, at lookback times of ~ 10 billion years, is now known to represent a critical epoch in the mass assem­ bly of galaxies. During this era, both the cosmic star formation rate and the lumi­ nous quasar space density were at their peak. The assembly of galaxies is corre­ spondingly rapid, with the total stellar mass density in galaxies increasing from ~ 15% of its current value at z ~ 3 to ~ 50−75% at z ~ 1. The multitude of multi­ wavelength imaging surveys and large optical spectroscopic campaigns carried out over the past decade have set the stage for detailed spatially­resolved stud­ ies of individual galaxies. Such studies are essential to pin down the actual pro­ cesses that drive early galaxy evolution and to address key questions such as: What is the relative importance of merg­ ers versus smooth infall in the accretion of mass? What is the connection between bulge and disc formation? What is the interplay between angular momentum, dissipation and feedback processes? Is star formation at high redshift mostly driven by major mergers between galax­ ies of comparable mass, as in present­ day galaxies with similarly high star for­ mation rates?
A Hard Voting Policy-Driven Deep Learning Architectural Ensemble Strategy for Industrial Products Defect Recognition and Classification

Manual or traditional industrial product inspection and defect-recognition models have some limitations, including process complexity, time-consuming, error-prone, and expensiveness. These issues negatively impact the quality control processes. Therefore, an efficient, rapid, and intelligent model is required to improve industrial products’ production fault recognition and classification for optimal visual inspections and quality control. However, intelligent models obtained with a tradeoff of high accuracy for high latency are tedious for real-time implementation and inferencing. This work proposes an ensemble deep-leaning architectural framework based on a deep learning model architectural voting policy to compute and learn the hierarchical and high-level features in industrial artefacts. The voting policy is formulated with respect to three crucial viable model characteristics: model optimality, efficiency, and performance accuracy. In the study, three publicly available industrial produce datasets were used for the proposed model’s various experiments and validation process, with remarkable results recorded, demonstrating a significant increase in fault recognition and classification performance in industrial products. In the study, three publicly available industrial produce datasets were used for the proposed model’s various experiments and validation process, with remarkable results recorded, demonstrating a significant increase in fault recognition and classification performance in industrial products.
Design and Application of a Flexible Blood Oxygen Sensing Array for Wearable Devices

The performance of portable or wearable oximeters is affected by improper movement or wear, which causes an error in the blood oxygen concentration calculation. The error comes from external incident stray light or light leakage caused by the improper fit of the sensor to the skin. This study aimed to develop a flexible blood oxygen sensing system with a 3 × 3 array that uses a reflective-type blood oxygen sensing chip to sequentially measure the blood oxygen levels at nine locations through a time division pulse modulation method. Each sensing chip has light transmission and receiving parts. A flip chip package was used to integrate the sensing chip, and a flexible parylene substrate that could fit the curvature of the wrist and locate the array of photo diodes around the radial artery of the wrist was used. By scanning the sensor array in dynamic behavior, the correct light intensity can be extracted to obtain the blood oxygen concentration and prevent errors due to improper fit or sensor movement during exercise.
Remineralization of Artificially Demineralized Human Enamel and Dentin Samples by Zinc-Carbonate Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

(1) Background: Decalcified enamel and dentin surfaces can be regenerated with non-fluoride-containing biomimetic systems. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a zinc carbonate-hydroxyapatite-containing dentifrice on artificially demineralized enamel and dentin surfaces. (2) Methods: Human enamel and dentin discs were prepared and subjected to surface demineralization with 30% orthophosphoric acid for 60 s. Subsequently, in the test group (n = 20), the discs were treated three times a day for 3 min with a zinc carbonate-hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (biorepair®). Afterwards, all samples were gently rinsed with PBS (5 s) and stored in artificial saliva until next use. Samples from the control group (n = 20) received no dentifrice-treatment and were stored in artificial saliva, exclusively. After 15 days of daily treatment, specimens were subjected to Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis (EDX), white-light interferometry, and profilometry. (3) Results: Raman spectroscopy and white-light interferometry revealed no significant differences compared to the untreated controls. EDX analysis showed calcium phosphate and silicon dioxide precipitations on treated dentin samples. In addition, treated dentin surfaces showed significant reduced roughness values. (4) Conclusions: Treatment with biorepair® did not affect enamel surfaces as proposed. Minor mineral precipitation and a reduction in surface roughness were detected among dentin surfaces only.
Requirements and Metabolism for Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D3 in the Growing–Furring Blue Foxes

Simple Summary The nutritional needs of mink and foxes have long been clear, not specifically for blue foxes. With the development of technology, the present study aimed to study the effect of dietary calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3 supplementation levels on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical indicators of the growing hairy blue fox. The results showed that Ca (0.8–1.2%) and vitamin D3 (1327 IU·kg−1) doses have important effects on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing blue foxes and can reduce fecal nitrogen and fecal phosphorus by improving the utilization of protein and phosphorus. Abstract A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3 (VD3) supplement levels on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum biochemical indices of growing-furring blue foxes. One hundred and thirty-five 120-day-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated into nine groups. The nine treatment diets were supplemented with 0%, 0.4%, or 0.8% Ca, and 1000, 2000, or 4000 IU·kg−1 VD3. The base diet contained 0.8% Ca and 327 IU·kg−1 VD3. The dietary calcium level had a significant effect on the average daily gain (ADG) of blue foxes at 121 to 135 days of age and 136 to 150 days (p < 0.05). The ADG of blue foxes at 121 to 135 days of age was significantly decreased by VD3 level (p < 0.05). The Ca dosage decreased the nutrient digestibility (p < 0.05). The Ca dosage increased the fecal Ca and P and decreased the P digestibility (p < 0.05). Interactions were found between the Ca and VD3 levels, which affected the digestibility of Ca and P (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this research determined the suitable doses of Ca and VD3 for growing-furring blue foxes.
Role of video-based learning on competency level of direct laryngoscopic skills of novice anaesthesiologists – A randomised clinical trial

ABSTRACT Background and Aims: Video laryngoscopes are often used for education and training of intubation skills. This study aimed to examine the influence of video-assisted guidance and video replay on intubation skills of novice anaesthesiologists. Methods: Adult patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status grade I–II, with a normal airway and scheduled to undergo elective surgical procedures requiring general anaesthesia and orotracheal intubation were included in this randomised study. Ten trainee anaesthesiologists, with no prior experience of performing tracheal intubation were enroled and randomly divided into group STD (received traditional learning) and group VL (received video-based learning). After initial mannequin training, the first seven intubations in patients in both the groups were done under supervision. In group VL, in addition to traditional cues, posttracheal intubation, the trainee and instructor had a session of video replay to discuss the entire process of laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with areas of improvement. For the subsequent 15 intubations in patients, the trainees intubated independently using a standard Macintosh blade. The primary objective was to compare time required to intubate (TTI) for both groups using Mann–Whitney U test. Secondary objectives included comparison of difficulty in intubation (using a 5-point Likert scale), self-confidence scores (1–10, 10 – most confident), and intubation-related trauma. Results: The mean TTI was significantly lower in group VL than in group STD - 40s [Interquartile range (IQR): 32–50] versus 52s [IQR: 39–76], P = 0.002. No difference was seen in self-assessed confidence levels, rating of difficulty in intubation, and airway trauma. Conclusion Video replay of the intubation process has a positive impact on direct laryngoscopy learning.
Species Diversity of Mycoplankton on the Background of Selected Indicators of Water Quality in Stratified Mesotrophic Lakes

The aim of the study was to determine mycoplankton species diversity in relation to the physico-chemical parameters of lake waters. The research was carried out in the summer months in 15 mesotrophic lakes and showed a high ecological significance index for Rhodotorula glutinis, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium sporotrichioides, and Trichophyton violaceum. Mycoplankton abundance and species diversity decreased with the depth of water, which coincided with a decrease in oxygen content and organic matter concentration. A high concentration of nitrogen compounds (total nitrogen—TN and dissolved nitrogen—DN) limited the development of mycobiota in the hypolimnion. In the metalimnion, the intensive development of organisms, especially bacteria, limited mycoplankton abundance despite perfect physical and chemical conditions for its development. Finally, mycoplankton functioned the best in slightly alkaline waters.
EXPECTED PERFORMANCE OF BRANCHING RULES

A truth assignment is a mapping f that assigns 0 (interpreted as " false ") or 1 (interpreted as " true ") to each variable in its domain; we shall enumerate all the variables in this domain as x 1 ,. , x n. The complement x i of each such variable x i is defined by f (x i) = 1 − f (x i) for all truth assignments f ; both x i and x i are called literals; if u = x i then u = x i. A clause is a set of (distinct) literals and a formula (in a conjunctive normal form) is a family of (not necessarily distinct) clauses. A truth assignment satisfies a clause if it maps at least one of its literals to 1; the assignment satisfies a formula if and only if it satisfies each of its clauses. A formula is called satisfiable if it is satisfied by at least one truth assignment; otherwise it is called unsatisfiable. The problem of recognizing satisfiable formulas is known as the satisfiability problem, or SAT for short. Solving SAT by implicit enumeration Given a formula F and a literal v in F, we let F|v denote the " residual formula " arising from F when f (v) is set at 1: explicitly, this formula is obtained from F by • removing all the clauses that contain v, • deleting v from all the clauses that contain v, • removing both v and v from the list of literals. Trivially, F is satisfiable if and only if at least one of F|v and F|v is satisfi-able. This observation leads to a recursive algorithm that, given any formula F, returns either the message SAT or the message UNSAT; this algorithm, Implicit-Enumeration, is defined in Figure 1.
Alexithymia in Facebook Addiction: Above and Beyond the Role of Pathological Narcissism.

BACKGROUND Personality dysfunctions and deficits in the capacity to cope with negative emotional states have been related to internet addictions. However, in relation to Facebook addiction, this issue remains poorly investigated. Specifically, few studies explored the role played by grandiose and vulnerable narcissism in Facebook addiction. Furthermore, the relationship between alexithymia and pathological narcissism has not yet been explored in relation to problematic Facebook use. The main objective of this study was to examine the association among Facebook addiction, pathological narcissism and alexithymia. METHOD A cross sectional study was designed to this aim. A sample of adult participants (N=270; Mage=41.05; SD=14.05) was administered the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). RESULTS Results showed that pathological narcissism, and especially grandiose narcissism, appears to be an important factor associated to problematic Facebook usage among adults. Moreover, difficulties in the capacity to identify their own emotional states may be a risk factor for such condition. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these results are in line with other data found in the field of behavioral addictions and add further reflection for planning more specific clinical intervention programs for individuals addicted to Facebook with narcissistic traits. These may benefit from a greater focus on the impairments in self-monitoring capacities such as emotional awareness. Personality psychopathologies should be targeted by clinical interventions, but also broader functional impairments (as such as alexithymia) should be addressed as more strategic therapeutic objectives in the field of Facebook Addiction.
GC-MS Analysis of the Phytochemical Constituents, Safety Assessment, Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cucurbita pepo Leaf Extract in Rats

In traditional medicine, Cucurbita pepo L. is used for the treatment of rheumatism, diabetes, inflammations, and wound injuries. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, safety profile, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory activities of Cucurbita pepo leaf extract in rats. The phytochemical analysis of C. pepo extract was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In acute toxicity tests, the rats orally received a single dose of 5 g/kg extract of C. pepo. In a subacute toxicity study, the rats received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of the C. pepo extract via daily gavage for 14 days. Bioactive compounds 1-octen-3-ol, nonanal, trans-β-ionone, phytol, trans-farnesol, and squalene were identified. There were no toxic effects detected in any of the evaluated parameters, namely liver, kidney, haematological, lipid, and antioxidant enzymes. In wound healing, C. pepo extract showed greater % wound contraction and tensile strength, as well as reduced wound healing time (12 days) and epithelialization when compared to the control (normal saline) and povidone-iodine treated groups. Rats treated with C. pepo extract elicit anti-inflammatory activity. The findings of this study revealed that the C. pepo extract has wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties with a wide margin of safety.
A TWO-PARAMETER CRITERION FOR CLASSIFYING THE EXPLODABILITY OF MASSIVE STARS BY THE NEUTRINO-DRIVEN MECHANISM

Thus far, judging the fate of a massive star (either a neutron star [NS] or a black hole) solely by its structure prior to core collapse has been ambiguous. Our work and previous attempts find a nonmonotonic variation of successful and failed supernovae with zero-age main-sequence mass, for which no single structural parameter can serve as a good predictive measure. However, we identify two parameters computed from the pre-collapse structure of the progenitor, which in combination allow for a clear separation of exploding and nonexploding cases with only a few exceptions (∼1%–2.5%) in our set of 621 investigated stellar models. One parameter is M4, defining the normalized enclosed mass for a dimensionless entropy per nucleon of s = 4, and the other is &mgr; 4 ≡ ( dm / M ⊙ ) / ( dr / 1000 km ) ∣ s = 4 ? > , being the normalized mass derivative at this location. The two parameters μ4 and M4μ4 can be directly linked to the mass-infall rate, M ˙ ? > , of the collapsing star and the electron-type neutrino luminosity of the accreting proto-NS, L &ngr; e ∝ M ns M ˙ ? > , which play a crucial role in the “critical luminosity” concept for the theoretical description of neutrino-driven explosions as runaway phenomena of the stalled accretion shock. All models were evolved employing the approach of Ugliano et al. for simulating neutrino-driven explosions in spherical symmetry. The neutrino emission of the accretion layer is approximated by a gray transport solver, while the uncertain neutrino emission of the 1.1 M⊙ proto-NS core is parameterized by an analytic model. The free parameters connected to the core-boundary prescription are calibrated to reproduce the observables of SN 1987A for five different progenitor models.
Sports Facilities as a Housing Amenity: Do Prices Follow Facilities?

The sports facility amenity theory predicts that when facility sites change, home prices nearer the prior site decline while home prices nearer the new site increase. Using home sales data in the vicinity of two proposed facility sites for the Golden State Warriors in San Francisco, the data are generally supportive of the amenity theory. The study also shows that Euclidean and walking distance can yield dissimilar treatment effect sizes, thus compelling researchers to justify their distance measurement choice. Finally, the data provide weak support that home buyers respond to changes in facility re-designs towards increased public benefits.
Enhanced Sample Self-Revised Network for Cross-Dataset Facial Expression Recognition

Recently, cross-dataset facial expression recognition (FER) has obtained wide attention from researchers. Thanks to the emergence of large-scale facial expression datasets, cross-dataset FER has made great progress. Nevertheless, facial images in large-scale datasets with low quality, subjective annotation, severe occlusion, and rare subject identity can lead to the existence of outlier samples in facial expression datasets. These outlier samples are usually far from the clustering center of the dataset in the feature space, thus resulting in considerable differences in feature distribution, which severely restricts the performance of most cross-dataset facial expression recognition methods. To eliminate the influence of outlier samples on cross-dataset FER, we propose the enhanced sample self-revised network (ESSRN) with a novel outlier-handling mechanism, whose aim is first to seek these outlier samples and then suppress them in dealing with cross-dataset FER. To evaluate the proposed ESSRN, we conduct extensive cross-dataset experiments across RAF-DB, JAFFE, CK+, and FER2013 datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed outlier-handling mechanism can reduce the negative impact of outlier samples on cross-dataset FER effectively and our ESSRN outperforms classic deep unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) methods and the recent state-of-the-art cross-dataset FER results.