Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Radical Pair Mechanism and the Avian Chemical Compass: Quantum Coherence and Entanglement

We review the spin radical pair mechanism which is a promising explanation of avian navigation. This mechanism is based on the dependence of product yields on 1) the hyperfine interaction involving electron spins and neighboring nuclear spins and 2) the intensity and orientation of the geomagnetic field. One surprising result is that even at ambient conditions quantum entanglement of electron spins can play an important role in avian magnetoreception. This review describes the general scheme of chemical reactions involving radical pairs generated from singlet and triplet precursors; the spin dynamics of the radical pairs; and the magnetic field dependence of product yields caused by the radical pair mechanism. The main part of the review includes a description of the chemical compass in birds. We review: the general properties of the avian compass; the basic scheme of the radical pair mechanism; the reaction kinetics in cryptochrome; quantum coherence and entanglement in the avian compass; and the effects of noise. We believe that the quantum avian compass can play an important role in avian navigation and can also provide the foundation for a new generation of sensitive and selective magnetic-sensing nano-devices.
Expressive Therapies Continuum: A Framework for Using Art in Therapy

Lusebring, Foreword. Part I: Historical Perspectives and Foundations. Overview of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. History and Evolution of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Part II: Characteristics of the Expressive Therapies Continuum and its Components. Kinesthetic Component of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Sensory Component of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Perceptual Component of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Affective Component of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Cognitive Component of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Symbolic Component of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Creative Level of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Part III: Assessment and Clinical Applications. Assessment Within the Structure of the Expressive Therapies Continuum. Individual Interventions. Couples, Families, and Groups. Epilogue.
Disentangling Cryptic Species in the Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. Species Complexes (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

ABSTRACT Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. and M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. (ser. Haematocephali) were respectively described from Southeastern Brazil and from Eastern United States, and subsequently reported as pantropical and pantemperate. Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that these two species are closely related in their broad concepts and at least M. haematocephalus is suggested to be a species complex. We evaluated herein whether M. haematocephalus is or is not pantropical and whether M. siccus is or is not pantemperate. Combined nrITS + nrLSU and nrITS + rpb2 + ef1-α phylogenies were reconstructed using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses and integrated with detailed morphological data. Results indicated that M. haematocephalus ‘sensu stricto’ (s. str.) is at most Neotropical, with closely related species in Tropical Africa and Indo-Malayan region. Similarly, M. siccus s. str. is at most Nearctical, with closely related species in the temperate Palearctic. For the time being, one can recognize about 23 species in the M. haematocephalus and M. siccus complexes, of which four are described as new herein. RÉSUMÉ Démêler les espèces cryptiques dans les complexes d'espèces Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. et M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota). Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr. et M. siccus (Schwein.) Fr. (ser. Haematocephali) ont été respectivement décrits du sud-est du Brésil et de l'est des États-Unis, signalés par la suite comme pantropicaux et pantempérés. Dans des études phylogénétiques récentes, ils semblent étroitement liés dans leurs concepts généraux et au moins M. haematocephalus est suggéré comme un complexe d'espèces. Nous avons cherché à déterminer ici si M. haematocephalus est ou non pantropical et si M. siccus est ou non pantempéré. Les phylogénies combinées nrITS + nrLSU et nrITS + rpb2 + ef1-α ont été reconstruites dans les analyses de vraisemblance maximale et bayésiennes et intégrées avec des données morphologiques détaillées. Les résultats ont indiqué que M. haematocephalus ‘sensu stricto’ (s. str.) n’est pas pantropical mais tout au plus néotropical, avec des espèces proches en Afrique tropicale et en Indo-Malaisie. De façon similaire, M. siccus s. str. est tout au plus néarctique, avec des espèces proches dans le paléarctique tempéré. Pour l’instant, on peut reconnaître environ 23 espèces dans les complexes M. haematocephalus et M. siccus, dont quatre sont décrites ici comme nouvelles.
Speed-gradient principle for nonstationary processes in thermodynamics

The speed-gradient variational principle (SG-principle) is formulated and applied to thermodynamical systems. It is shown that Prigogine's principle of minimum entropy production and Onsager's symmetry relations can be interpreted in terms of the SG-principle and, therefore, are equivalent to each other. In both cases entropy of the system plays a role of the goal functional. The speed-gradient formulation of thermodynamic principles provide their extended versions, describing transient dynamics of nonstationary systems far from equilibrium. As an example a model of transient (relaxation) dynamics for maximum entropy principle is derived.
NbN/TiNx/NbN/TiNx/NbN double-barrier junction arrays for programmable voltage standards

A series array of NbN/TiNx/NbN/TiNx/NbN double-barrier junctions was fabricated on Si wafers, and their current–voltage (I–V) characteristics were measured with and without microwave power in order to investigate their performance for programmable voltage standards. By adjusting the thickness of the TiNx barrier, nearly identical critical currents were obtained for 128 lower and 128 upper junctions in an array. When applying 8 GHz microwave power to an array, a large constant-voltage step (∼3 mA) appeared on the I–V curve. The zero-voltage critical current and the height of the first (n=1) constant-voltage step showed microwave-power dependences coincident with theoretical prediction.
The 2nd Workshop on User Experience in Urban Air Mobility: From Ground to Aerial Transportation

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is expected to pave the way for a new mobility experience by providing air travel services around cities and urban areas. However, few studies have derived user needs and requirements from a transportation experience perspective. Therefore, we propose an interactive workshop to discuss people's expectations when experiencing UAM actively. We want to extend on the prior workshop held at AutomotiveUI 2021 which will continue the discussion about user experience for different types of UAM operations. The workshop includes keynote presentations, position paper presentations, and interactive group discussions with the following objectives: 1) to understand the role of UAM in future transportation, 2) to understand the way that people expect their transportation journey when using UAM, and 3) to collect design considerations to support the transportation journey in UAM.
Average sampling and reconstruction in a reproducing kernel subspace of homogeneous type space

In this paper, we first introduce a reproducing kernel subspace of Lp(X,ρ,μ) , where (X,ρ,μ) is a homogeneous type space. Then we consider average sampling and reconstruction of signals in the reproducing kernel subspace of Lp(X,ρ,μ),1≤p≤∞ . We show that signals in the reproducing kernel subspace of Lp(X,ρ,μ) could be stably reconstructed from its average samples taken on a relatively‐separated set with small gap. Exponential convergence is established for the iterative approximation‐projection reconstruction algorithm.
Design and Control of a Bimodal aerial robot for locomotion in ﬂat and inclined surfaces

Employing aerial robots, acting as mobile airborne sensors, is extremely useful for many surveillance and inspection missions. Due to the strict constraints of commonly available aerial platforms, most aerial inspection missions are limited to distant perception of targets, without the possibility of coming into centimeter-range proximity or even in physical contact with them. This thesis describes a Bimodal aerial robot, consisting of a common quadrotor equipped with two passive wheels, that allows ﬂying, approaching, landing and moving on planar and inclined surfaces, suitable for micro-level inspection of large areas. This work describes in detail the mathematical model of the passive two-wheeled quadrotor for its di ﬀ erent modes of operation: ﬂight, ground and inclined surfaces. Furthermore, two di ﬀ erent motion controllers are proposed, for all three modes of locomotion, and their performance is evaluated through a series of simulated experiments that make use of the hybrid characteristics of the vehicle.
P OSTER : P ERSONALIZED F EDERATED G RAPH L EARNING

We explore the personalization of graph neural networks for graph classification and link prediction in a federated learning setting with massive clients and little local data. Our experiments indicate that using both personalization and variance reduction can significantly improve the performance, while using only personalization can easily lead to overfitting especially with limited local data. We then propose a new federated learning algorithm that leverages both personalization and variance reduction techniques. We further show that there is a trade-off between personalization and variance reduction (as reducing the variance of models on the client side can hamper personalization) and conduct experiments that demonstrate how these factors affect the training and performance of different graph learning tasks. Our algorithm can be easily extended to the general FL with similar settings.
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Radiopaque Glass Ceramic with Calcium Tantalate Microcrystals for the Treatment of Malignant Neoplasms

In order to expand the list of materials suitable for the treatment of malignant neoplasms, a composite glass-ceramic has been obtained, consisting of calcium tantalate microcrystals enclosed in a glass matrix. The material has been studied in vivo. The composite is a radiomodifier; it improves the visualization of the irradiation zone, does not pose a threat of radioactive contamination of the body, and reduces the likelihood of radiation complications in healthy tissues. It has been established that due to the two-phase composition of glass ceramics, CaTa2O6 microcrystals are able to linger in tissues at the injection site and provide more effective radiation therapy. The radiosensitization properties of the material increase the efficiency of a single dose of radiation. The created glass ceramics is a promising material for the treatment of patients in need of radiotherapy.
The Behaviour of the Stationary and Travelling Planetary-Scale Waves during Blocking - A Northern He

The behaviour of the stationary and travelling planetary-scale waves during northern hemisphere blocking has been investigated. Data from 29 winter seasons from 1950 to 1979 were used. A winter season was defined as all days from 1 December through 28 February. The data were decomposed in a quasi-stationary part, computed as a running time average, and a travelling part, being the difference between the observed value and the time average. For each latitude line, the geopotential height of the first three waves (quasi-stationary as well as travelling) were computed as a function of longitudeand time. We have focused our interest on the total contribution from the planetary-scale (the first three) quasi-stationary versus travelling waves. The behaviour of the planetary-scale waves during two major blocking situations is documented. Characteristics of these waves during blocked flow have been computed for the 29 winter seasons. It is found that the stationary component of the height field for the first three waves is almost always greater than the corresponding climatological value in areas with blocked flow, and that the resultant of the height field of the travelling ultra long waves is mostly greater than zero in the same area. These two conditions are almost necessary for the formation of blocks, but they are not sufficient.
Modern methods for the determination of polar motion and UT1

The applications and Doppler satellite observations, laser ranging to artificial satellites and the Moon, and astronomic radio interferometry to monitoring polar motion and Universal Time System 1 (UT1) are discussed. How and what each method is capable of measuring, fundamental limitations, and the present status of the developments of each method were reviewed. Evaluations of the various methods as candidates for the next generation international polar motion and UT1 monitoring service are summarized.
P OSTER : G REY -B OX D EFENSE FOR P ERSONALIZED F EDERATED L EARNING

In this paper, we introduce internal evasion attacks in federated learning, in which malicious federated learning clients utilize their knowledge of their local models to craft evasion attacks on other federated learning clients at test time. Unlike the more widely studied poisoning attacks in federated learning, malicious clients do not interfere with the model training and only craft attacks at test time, after the training is largely complete. We characterize the success rate of such attacks between clients for different federated learning methods, including a new ”grey-box” setting of personalized federated learning, where client models are related but not identical. The adversarial clients have varying degrees of information about the models of other clients. We introduce a defense mechanism, pFedDef, that reduces the success rate of this internal attack while respecting resource limitations at clients during training phase. Overall, pFedDef decreases internal attack success rates by 19% compared to existing methods of federated adversarial training.
The acromegaly lipodystrophy

Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are essential to normal growth, metabolism, and body composition, but in acromegaly, excesses of these hormones strikingly alter them. In recent years, the use of modern methodologies to assess body composition in patients with acromegaly has revealed novel aspects of the acromegaly phenotype. In particular, acromegaly presents a unique pattern of body composition changes in the setting of insulin resistance that we propose herein to be considered an acromegaly-specific lipodystrophy. The lipodystrophy, initiated by a distinctive GH-driven adipose tissue dysregulation, features insulin resistance in the setting of reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and intra-hepatic lipid (IHL) but with lipid redistribution, resulting in ectopic lipid deposition in muscle. With recovery of the lipodystrophy, adipose tissue mass, especially that of VAT and IHL, rises, but insulin resistance is lessened. Abnormalities of adipose tissue adipokines may play a role in the disordered adipose tissue metabolism and insulin resistance of the lipodystrophy. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin and peptide Agouti-related peptide may also be affected by active acromegaly as well as variably by acromegaly therapies, which may contribute to the lipodystrophy. Understanding the pathophysiology of the lipodystrophy and how acromegaly therapies differentially reverse its features may be important to optimizing the long-term outcome for patients with this disease. This perspective describes evidence in support of this acromegaly lipodystrophy model and its relevance to acromegaly pathophysiology and the treatment of patients with acromegaly.
Prevalence and mobility of integrative and conjugative elements within a Streptomyces natural population

Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) is a powerful force generating genomic diversity in bacterial populations. HGT in Streptomyces is in large part driven by conjugation thanks to plasmids, Integrative and Conjugative elements (ICEs) and Actinomycete ICEs (AICEs). To investigate the impact of ICE and AICE conjugation on Streptomyces genome evolution, we used in silico and experimental approaches on a set of 11 very closely related strains isolated from a millimeter scale rhizosphere population. Through bioinformatic searches of canonical conjugation proteins, we showed that AICEs are the most frequent integrative conjugative elements, with the central chromosome region being a hotspot for integrative element insertion. Strains exhibited great variation in AICE composition consistent with frequent HGT and/or gene loss. We found that single insertion sites can be home to different elements in different strains (accretion) and conversely, elements belonging to the same family can be found at different insertion sites. A wide variety of cargo genes was present in the AICEs with the potential to mediate strain-specific adaptation (e.g., DNA metabolism and resistance genes to antibiotic and phages). However, a large proportion of AICE cargo genes showed hallmarks of pseudogenization, consistent with deleterious effects of cargo genes on fitness. Pock assays enabled the direct visualization of conjugal AICE transfer and demonstrated the transfer of AICEs between some, but not all, of the isolates. Multiple AICEs were shown to be able to transfer during a single mating event. Although we did not obtain experimental evidence for transfer of the sole chromosomal ICE in this population, genotoxic stress mediated its excision from the chromosome, suggesting its functionality. Our results indicate that AICE-mediated HGT in Streptomyces populations is highly dynamic, with likely impact on strain fitness and the ability to adapt to environmental change.
Editorial: Anakoinosis for promoting tumor tissue editing: Novel therapeutic opportunities for establishing clinically relevant tumor control by targeting tumor plasticity

Anakoinosis for promoting tumor tissue editing: Novel therapeutic opportunities for establishing clinically relevant tumor control by targeting tumor plasticity Modern therapies aiming at elimination of cancer cells refer to the observation that tumor evolution is triggered by acquired oncogenic events and that those acquired aberrations are available as targets for eradicating tumor cells. Alternatively, epitopes on tumor cells serve as target structures. Besides these treatment strategies dramatically improved outcome, also in relapsed or refractory metastatic
The diagnosis of immune-related pancreatitis disguised as multifocal lesions on MRI by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy: A case report

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)–related acute pancreatitis (irAP) is a rare, potentially life-threatening immune-related adverse event. Whereas CT and MRI remain first-line diagnostic imaging modalities, more patients are presenting with atypical irAP as ICI use increases. To appropriately manage these events, it is important to catalog these presentations and provide comprehensive clinical, radiological, and pathological descriptions to guide evidence-based practice. Here, we present the case of a 66-year-old man with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who, after the fifth course of toripalimab, developed epigastric discomfort and elevated serum amylase and lipase. irAP was suspected, but MRI revealed atypical, multifocal pancreatic lesions. To exclude metastases, an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) was performed. EUS revealed a slightly swollen pancreas with heterogeneous echoic signals and scattered hyperechoic areas in the parenchyma without an obvious mass. Histopathological examination of the FNB revealed retention of the normal lobular pancreatic architecture with focal acinar atrophy associated with a CD8+ T lymphocyte-predominant infiltrate, further confirming the diagnosis of irAP. After starting glucocorticoids, his symptoms resolved, serum amylase and lipase rapidly decreased to normal, and the abnormal MRI features diminished. irAP can, therefore, present as multifocal lesions on MRI, and, when metastatic disease requires exclusion, EUS-FNB is an effective way to establish a definitive diagnosis. Refining the histopathological and immunopathological criteria for the diagnosis of irAP is now warranted.
Multichannel stimulation module as a tool for animal studies on cortical neural prostheses

Intracortical microstimulation to the visual cortex is thought to be a feasible technique for inducing localized phosphenes in patients with acquired blindness, and thereby for visual prosthesis. In order to design effective stimuli for the prosthesis, it is important to elucidate relationships between the spatio-temporal patterns of stimuli and the resulting neural responses and phosphenes through pre-clinical animal studies. However, the physiological basis of effective spatial patterns of the stimuli for the prosthesis has been little investigated in the literature, at least partly because that the previously developed multi-channel stimulation systems were designed specifically for the clinical use. In the present, a 64-channel stimulation module was developed as a scalable tool for animal experiments. The operations of the module were verified by not only dry-bench tests but also physiological animal experiments in vivo. The results demonstrated its usefulness for examining the stimulus-response relationships in a quantitative manner, and for inducing the multi-site neural excitations with a multi-electrode array. In addition, this stimulation module could be used to generate spatially patterned stimuli with up to 4,096 channels in a dynamic way, in which the stimulus patterns can be updated at a certain frame rate in accordance with the incoming visual scene. The present study demonstrated that our stimulation module is applicable to the physiological and other future studies in animals on the cortical prostheses.