Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on face recognition based on deep learning algorithm

As an important branch of biometric identification, face recognition technology has a wide range of application prospects in security field, social network, autonomous driving and smart home. However, the performance of traditional face recognition methods is limited in the face of complex environments such as lighting changes, posture changes and expression changes. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning algorithms has brought breakthrough progress to face recognition. This study aims to explore the latest advances and key challenges in face recognition technology based on deep learning algorithms. First, we introduce the basic principles of deep learning and its application in face recognition. Then, we discuss in detail the role of deep learning models such as deep convolutional neural network (CNN) and deep adversarial generative network (GAN) in face feature extraction and generation. We also analyze the importance of data sets and how data enhancement techniques can improve the performance of models. Finally, through the review of the latest research results and technical trends, this paper summarizes the potential application fields and future development direction of face recognition technology based on deep learning algorithm, and provides a useful reference for further promoting the research and application of face recognition technology.
Reflections on the 30 th Anniversary of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy

This article is a retrospective of concepts and people who have contributed significantly to the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy over the past 30 years. • We identify many individuals who have contributed to SSP as program chairs, general chairs, and heads of the overseeing IEEE technical committee. • We recognize SSP participants who have provided significant leadership in creating and funding opportunities for research and development in security and privacy. Some contributions to advances in security are also discussed in following articles by Carl Landwehr and Douglas Maughan, both of whom have been major instigators of R&D programs at multiple U.S. government agencies. • We highlight some influential SSP papers from three decades, and also efforts that have had significant impact in providing or stimulating effective technology transfer, as well as authors and educators whose work provided major contributions to academic curricula, all helping instill trustworthiness into computercommunication security. • We identify some of the anniversary event honorees.
Reflections on the 30 th Anniversary of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy [ corrected ]

This article is a retrospective of concepts and people who have contributed significantly to the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy over the past 30 years. • We identify many individuals who have contributed to SSP as program chairs, general chairs, and heads of the overseeing IEEE technical committee. • We recognize SSP participants who have provided significant leadership in creating and funding opportunities for research and development in security and privacy. Some contributions to advances in security are also discussed in following articles by Carl Landwehr and Douglas Maughan, both of whom have been major instigators of R&D programs at multiple U.S. government agencies. • We highlight some influential SSP papers from three decades, and also efforts that have had significant impact in providing or stimulating effective technology transfer, as well as authors and educators whose work provided major contributions to academic curricula, all helping instill trustworthiness into computercommunication security. • We identify some of the anniversary event honorees.
Review of Replantation Services from a Level One Trauma Center in India

Abstract The aim of this article is to examine the elements that contribute to effective operation of a specialized replantation center and to provide readers with a general idea of the outcome of replantation services in India. A dedicated high-volume center coupled with a sound referral system is the backbone of replantation services in a country. A retrospective study was done on all patients who visited a level 1 trauma center in India from November 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, for various amputations. The medical records and digital pictures of these patients were extracted from the records and analyzed. During the study period, 77 replants were performed on 63 patients at our center. Males were 68% of the study, mostly belonging to the 20 to 40 years age group (63%). Thirty-four percent of cases were smokers. Agricultural injuries (49%) were the most common cause of amputation. Finger replantation was the most common type of replantation (82%). The rate of successful replantation was highest for scalp (100%) followed by hand (71%) and thumb (67%). Setting up dedicated replantation services is essential, especially in highly populated areas. Manpower, resources, and a protocol-led approach help in achieving optimum results. A multidisciplinary team approach with round-the-clock availability plays a vital role in intraoperative decision-making and planning postoperative rehabilitation.
Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Es besteht bei Jugendlichen ein hohes Wissensbedürfnis zu Themen rund um die Sexualität. Besonders das Wissen über sexuell übertragbare Infektionen (STI) weist große Lücken auf. Einfühlungsvermögen, eine vertrauensvolle Atmosphäre und die Integration von sozial-gesellschaftlichen Aspekten sind Grundpfeiler im Gespräch mit Jugendlichen zur sexuellen Aufklärung, aber auch im Umgang mit sexueller Gewalt und daraus resultierenden gesundheitlichen Folgen.
Volar Plate-Suture Fixation in the Treatment of Volar Rim Fractures of the Distal Radius

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to describe the volar plate-suture fixation technique for augmented repair of volar rim fractures of the distal radius and to report clinical outcomes and radiographic findings. Patients and Methods Twenty-one patients treated with volar plate-suture fixation were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes of interest included pain, joint motion, grip strength, surgical complications, additional surgeries, and radiographic parameters. Results Final follow-up office visits from surgery averaged 30.8 weeks (range 6–175 weeks). There was no report of residual wrist pain in most cases. Forearm and wrist motion measurements were within functional ranges and grip strength measurements averaged 63 ± 21% of the contralateral hand. There were no cases of infection, wound dehiscence, nerve injury, or nonunion. Hardware removal was performed in four patients for wrist pain attributed to the fixation implant(s). One patient underwent a wrist fusion for treatment of painful traumatic wrist arthritis. Failure of the fracture fixation construct to hold the carpus occurred in two patients. Changes in radiocarpal and intercarpal angles averaged less than 4 degrees and loss of articular reduction averaged less than 1 mm, although with relatively high standard deviations. Conclusion Suture fixation of volar rim fractures of the distal radius may be a useful technique in augmenting volar plate fracture fixation. Some loss of early postoperative fracture alignment should be expected. Level of Evidence IV, case series.
Playing as People: Critical Pedagogy and Historical Role Immersion Games

Abstract:Educational games represent some of the most impactful educational tools in an educator's toolbox. These technologies facilitate play and encourage players to push the envelope and engage broadly with the class in subversive play. Contextualized by the broader rules and requirements of the school, school culture, and curricula, subversive play empowers players to explore the boundaries of the game while feeling an increased sense of personal agency in how the goals of the game are achieved. This exploration serves the goals of Paulo Freire's concept of critical pedagogy, where students and instructors work together, bringing their embodied experiences into the classroom to address and understand the content arrayed before them. By empowering players to engage in subversive play, students and instructors alike break from the classroom and schoolhouse norms to explore the foundations, deeper meanings, social contexts, and ideologies of the information presented, while simultaneously meeting required learning goals.
permGWAS2: Enhanced and Accelerated Permutation-based Genome-Wide Association Studies

Motivation Permutation-based significance thresholds have been shown to be a robust alternative to Bonferroni-based significance thresholds in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the implementation of permutation-based thresholds is computationally demanding. The recently published method permGWAS introduced a batch-wise approach using 4D tensors to efficiently compute permutation-based GWAS. However, running multiple univariate tests in parallel leads to many repetitive computations and increased computational resources. More importantly, the previous version of permGWAS does not take into account the population structure when permuting the phenotype. Results We propose permGWAS2, an improved and accelerated version that uses a block matrix decomposition to optimize computations, thereby reducing redundant computations. It also introduces an alternative permutation strategy that takes into account the population structure during permutation. We show that this improved framework provides a more streamlined approach to performing permutation-based GWAS with a lower false discovery rate compared to the previous version and the traditional Bonferroni correction. Availability permGWAS2 is open-source and publicly available on GitHub for download: https://github.com/grimmlab/permGWAS.
Structure and dynamics of human cardiac fibroblast nanotubes

Efficient and dynamic interactions between cardiac fibroblasts and their environment are essential for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in healthy hearts and play an important role during pathological remodelling. Here, we investigate a relatively obscure mechanism through which human atrial fibroblasts communicate with each other, with other cells, and with the extracellular matrix (ECM) – nanotubes (NT). We investigated NT structure and dynamics in primary right atrial fibroblasts isolated from patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and atrial fibrillation (AF), in an immortalised human atrial fibroblasts cell line, and in intact human tissue, using a wide range of imaging approaches (including confocal microscopy, label-free reflection microscopy, rotating coherent scattering microscopy, and cryo-electron tomography). We show that fibroblasts maintain continuous NT activity in vitro, with numerous protrusions constantly probing the surrounding environment. NT structure and activity change during AF and following pharmacological (transforming growth factor-β, latrunculin B) and environmental (hypoxia) interventions. We also show that cardiac fibroblast NT mediate intercellular organelle exchange and dynamically interact with ECM. Finally, we present evidence for the presence of fibroblast-borne NT in human atrial tissue. Our results advance our understanding of how cardiac fibroblasts interact with their environment. NT are versatile structures capable of both sensory and actuating functions, and offer a dynamic and rapid communication conduit that facilitates cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions.
Multi-ContrastiveVAE disentangles perturbation effects in single cell images from optical pooled screens

Optical pooled screens (OPS) enable comprehensive and cost-effective interrogation of gene function by measuring microscopy images of millions of cells across thousands of perturbations. However, the analysis of OPS data still mainly relies on hand-crafted features, even though these are difficult to deploy across complex data sets. This is because most unsupervised feature extraction methods based on neural networks (such as auto-encoders) have difficulty isolating the effect of perturbations from the natural variations across cells and experimental batches. Here, we propose a contrastive analysis framework that can more effectively disentangle the phenotypes caused by perturbation from natural cell-cell heterogeneity present in an unperturbed cell population. We demonstrate this approach by analyzing a large data set of over 30 million cells imaged across more than 5, 000 genetic perturbations, showing that our method significantly outperforms traditional approaches in generating biologically-informative embeddings and mitigating technical artifacts. Furthermore, the interpretable part of our model distinguishes perturbations that generate novel phenotypes from the ones that only shift the distribution of existing phenotypes. Our approach can be readily applied to other small-molecule and genetic perturbation data sets with highly multiplexed images, enhancing the efficiency and precision in identifying and interpreting perturbation-specific phenotypic patterns, paving the way for deeper insights and discoveries in OPS analysis.
Impact of the Excitatory-Inhibitory Neurons Ratio on Scale-Free Dynamics in a Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Model

The relationship between ratios of excitatory to inhibitory neurons and the brain’s dynamic range of cortical activity is crucial. However, its full understanding within the context of cortical scale-free dynamics remains an ongoing investigation. To provide insightful observations that can improve the current understanding of this impact, and based on studies indicating that a fully excitatory neural network can induce critical behavior under the influence of noise, it is essential to investigate the effects of varying inhibition within this network. Here, the impact of varying inhibitory-excitatory neuron ratios on neural avalanches and phase transition diagrams, considering a range of synaptic efficacies in a leaky integrate-and-fire model network, is examined. Our computational results show that the network exhibits critical, sub-critical, and super-critical behavior across different synaptic efficacies. In particular, a certain excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio leads to a significantly extended dynamic range compared to higher or lower levels of inhibition and increases the probability of the system being in the critical regime. In this study, we used the Kuramoto order parameter and implemented a finite-size scaling analysis to determine the critical exponents associated with this transition. To characterize the criticality, we studied the distribution of neuronal avalanches at the critical point and found a scaling behavior characterized by specific exponents.
A simple methods for obtaining a multivalent protein with a variable number of binding sites and estimating its binding parameters

The study of natural and the design of artificial multivalent proteins is a promising field of molecular biology. Working with such proteins is much more difficult than with their monovalent analogues. In this paper, we show how using a ring of heptameric Sm-like protein as a scaffold, it is possible to create a multivalent protein with a different number of binding sites. This is an urgent task for the study of multivalent and multicenter protein-protein interactions. The method of analysis used in the work allows us to evaluate the stoichiometry and the dissociation constant of complexes of artificial chaperone with a non-native protein. It is shown that for reliable binding of non-native αLA, its interaction with several apical domains of GroEL is necessary. At the same time, the dissociation constant of such a complex does not significantly change with an increase in the number of binding domains in the oligomer. Up to 4 αLA molecules can be attached to the complete heptameric ring of apical domains. The proposed methods have a good cost-to-result ratio and can be applied to the study and design of other new proteins.
Coevolution-induced stabilizing and destabilizing selection shapes species richness in clade co-diversification

Coevolution can occur as a result of species interactions. However, it remains unclear how coevolutionary processes translate into the accumulation of species richness over macroevolutionary timescales. Assuming speciation occurs in a metacommunity as a result of genetic differentiation across communities due to dispersal limitation, we examine the effects of coevolution-induced stabilizing and destabilizing selection of a single quantitative trait on species diversification. We propose and test two hypotheses. (1) Stabilizing selection within communities enhances species diversification through strengthened dispersal limitation. (2) Destabilizing selection within communities impedes species diversification through weakened dispersal limitation. Here, we simulate clade co-diversification using an individual-based model, considering scenarios where phenotypic evolution is shaped by neutral dynamics, mutualistic coevolution, or antagonistic coevolution, where coevolution operates through trait matching or trait difference, and where the strength of coevolutionary selection is symmetrical or asymmetrical. Our assumption that interactions occur between an independent party (whose individuals can establish or persist in a community independently, e.g. hosts) and a dependent party (whose individuals cannot establish or persist in a community without the independent party, e.g. parasites or obligate mutualists) yields two contrasting results. Stabilizing selection within communities enhances species diversification in the dependent clade but not in the independent clade. Conversely, destabilizing selection within communities impedes species diversification in the independent clade but not in the dependent clade. These results are partially corroborated by empirical dispersal data, suggesting that these mechanisms might explain the diversification of some of the most species-rich clades in the Tree of Life.
DNA Double-Strand Break Movement in Heterochromatin Depends on the Drosophila Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5.

Cells employ diverse strategies to repair double-strand breaks (DSBs), a dangerous form of DNA damage that threatens genome integrity. Eukaryotic nuclei consist of different chromatin environments, each displaying distinct molecular and biophysical properties that can significantly influence the DSB repair process. Specifically, DSBs arising in the compact and silenced heterochromatin domains have been found to move to the heterochromatin periphery in mouse and Drosophila to prevent aberrant recombination events. However, it is poorly understood how chromatin components, such as histone post-translational modifications, contribute to these DSB movements within heterochromatin. Using cultured cells and an in vivo single-DSB system in Drosophila , we identify that histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) is enriched at DSBs in heterochromatin but not euchromatin. We find that this enrichment is mediated by the histone acetyltransferase Gcn5, which rapidly localizes to heterochromatic DSBs. Moreover, we demonstrate that in the absence of Gcn5, heterochromatic DSBs display impaired recruitment of the SUMO E3 ligase Nse2/Qjt and fail to relocate to the heterochromatin periphery to complete repair. In summary
Training in basic gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement

Main Statements This ESGE Position Statement provides structured and evidence-based guidance on the essential requirements and processes involved in training in basic gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures. The document outlines definitions; competencies required, and means to their assessment and maintenance; the structure and requirements of training programs; patient safety and medicolegal issues. 1 ESGE and ESGENA define basic endoscopic procedures as those procedures that are commonly indicated, generally accessible, and expected to be mastered (technically and cognitively) by the end of any core training program in gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2 ESGE and ESGENA consider the following as basic endoscopic procedures: diagnostic upper and lower GI endoscopy, as well as a limited range of interventions such as: tissue acquisition via cold biopsy forceps, polypectomy for lesions ≤ 10 mm, hemostasis techniques, enteral feeding tube placement, foreign body retrieval, dilation of simple esophageal strictures, and India ink tattooing of lesion location. 3 ESGE and ESGENA recommend that training in GI endoscopy should be subject to stringent formal requirements that ensure all ESGE key performance indicators (KPIs) are met. 4 Training in basic endoscopic procedures is a complex process and includes the development and acquisition of cognitive, technical/motor, and integrative skills. Therefore, ESGE and ESGENA recommend the use of validated tools to track the development of skills and assess competence. 5 ESGE and ESGENA recommend incorporating a multimodal approach to evaluating competence in basic GI endoscopic procedures, including procedural thresholds and the measurement and documentation of established ESGE KPIs. 7 ESGE and ESGENA recommend the continuous monitoring of ESGE KPIs during GI endoscopy training to ensure the trainee’s maintenance of competence. 9 ESGE and ESGENA recommend that GI endoscopy training units fulfil the ESGE KPIs for endoscopy units and, furthermore, be capable of providing the dedicated personnel, infrastructure, and sufficient case volume required for successful training within a structured training program. 10 ESGE and ESGENA recommend that trainers in basic GI endoscopic procedures should be endoscopists with formal educational training in the teaching of endoscopy, which allows them to successfully and safely teach trainees.
CeSpGRN: Inferring cell-specific gene regulatory networks from single cell multi-omics and spatial data

Single cell profiling techniques including multi-omics and spatial-omics technologies allow researchers to study cell-cell variation within a cell population. These variations extend to biological networks within cells, in particular, the gene regulatory networks (GRNs). GRNs rewire as the cells evolve, and different cells can have different governing GRNs. However, existing GRN inference methods usually infer a single GRN for a population of cells, without exploring the cell-cell variation in terms of their regulatory mechanisms. Recently, jointly profiled single cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility data have been used to infer GRNs. Although methods based on such multi-omics data were shown to improve over the accuracy of methods using only single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data, they do not take full advantage of the single cell resolution chromatin accessibility data. We propose CeSpGRN (Cell Specific Gene Regulatory Network inference), which infers cell-specific GRNs from scRNA-seq, single cell multi-omics, or single cell spatial-omics data. CeSpGRN uses a Gaussian weighted kernel that allows the GRN of a given cell to be learned from the sequencing profile of itself and its neighboring cells in the developmental process. The kernel is constructed from the similarity of gene expressions or spatial locations between cells. When the chromatin accessibility data is available, CeSpGRN constructs cell-specific prior networks which are used to further improve the inference accuracy. We applied CeSpGRN to various types of real-world datasets and inferred various regulation changes that were shown to be important in cell development. We also quantitatively measured the performance of CeSpGRN on simulated datasets and compared with baseline methods. The results show that CeSpGRN has a superior performance in reconstructing the GRN for each cell, as well as in detecting the regulatory interactions that differ between cells. CeSpGRN is available at https://github.com/PeterZZQ/CeSpGRN.