Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infliximab Rescue Therapy after Cyclosporin Failure in Steroid-Refractory Ulcerative Colitis

Background: Cyclosporin (CsA) and infliximab (IFX) have proven efficacy in avoiding colectomy in patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). Aim: To assess the clinical outcome of patients treated with IFX after CsA failure for acute steroid-refractory flares of UC. Methods: Medical records of patients with a steroid-refractory UC flare who did not respond to CsA or relapsed soon after hospital discharge, and who followed rescue therapy with IFX, were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Sixteen patients were included, 69% with extensive UC. Thirteen patients had moderate-to-severe disease activity at the time IFX was started. Median time between CsA discontinuation and the first IFX infusion was 19 days. Thirteen patients completed an induction regimen, and 6 of them followed scheduled maintenance treatment with IFX. After a median time of follow-up from the first IFX infusion of 195 days, 6 patients (37.5%) required colectomy. Median time for colectomy was 47 days. There were no deaths or malignancies, and only one septic complication was recorded. Conclusions: IFX rescue therapy might avoid short-term colectomy in a proportion of steroid-refractory UC patients who do not respond to CsA, but systematic use of sequential rescue therapy is not recommended until more data about its safety profile is available.
Write up

5 Cheating 7 5.1 Serving Junk . 7 5.1. 1 Blacklisting . 7 5.1. 2 Synchronous Transfers . 8 5.2 Man-in-the-middle attack . 8 5.2. 1 Encryption . 8 5.2. 2 Non-ring topologies . 9
On Becoming a Superintendent: Contest or Sponsored Mobility?.

The highest professional, salaried position one may seek in the public school sector is that of superintendent. Traditionally, attainment of this position has depended to an appreciable extent on the help and information an aspirant received from professional contacts-the so-called "old boy network. " A major aspect of this study was to determine the role of such professional contacts as consultants, mentors, and advisors in the selection and placement of Black public school superintendents. A school board has several issues to consider when it has a superintendency to fill. During the selection process, the board may use the professional advice and services of persons outside the district. This might include the hiring of a consultant and inviting nominations or accepting unsolicited nominations from knowledgeable persons. Of the many steps followed in the selection process, four are relevant to this study: hiring an outside consultant, inviting nominations, accepting nominations, and assuring equal employment opportunity. The persons from whom nominations are invited or accepted are referred to interchangeably as advisors, sponsors, or consultants. By definition, an "advisor" is anyone who counsels or gives recommendations. The term "consultant," however, connotes a formal contract with a person for professional advice and services. A consultant, by definition, is also an advisor. The term "sponsor" refers to anyone who promotes another person or otherwise acts on his behalf. Sponsors are also referred to as "encouragers. " An advisor or consultant may act as a sponsor by promoting certain candidates. Persons who are invited to make nominations,
Opioids for dyspnoea

Opioids have a role in the treatment of severe dyspnoea, but careful monitoring of their effects is essential. To understand, define, and treat dyspnoea is difficult. It is an underappreciated problem in respiratory medicine, cardiology, and palliative medicine, and it is often hard to know when to supplement the treatment of an underlying disease by pure palliation. In this issue of Thorax Jennings et al 1 present a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of opioids as treatment for dyspnoea, which shows that opioids do reduce dyspnoea in a variety of settings, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. What inferences for clinical practice in primary care, secondary care, or specialist palliative care can be drawn from this finding? And what impact ought it to have? Dyspnoea is a perception, and perceptions are affected by more than physiological variables. Although simple statements such as “dyspnoea is an uncomfortable sensation of breathing”2 may suffice as a shorthand definition of dyspnoea, the American Thoracic Society has suggested the following broader description: “. dyspnoea is a term used to characterise a subjective experience of breathing discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that vary in intensity. The experience derives from interactions among multiple physiological, psychological, social and environmental factors that may induce secondary physiological and behavioural responses”. 3 It therefore follows that methods of treating dyspnoea could include reducing the metabolic demand for ventilation, increasing the efficiency of the respiratory system as a gas exchanger, decreasing central respiratory drive, or reducing the perception of dyspnoea. This itself could include diminishing or altering psychosocial factors as well as pharmacological treatment. Opioid treatment for the relief of dyspnoea is thus only one of many treatments available, with other examples being supplemental oxygen,4 chest wall vibration,5 pulmonary rehabilitation including lifestyle modification, …
Haplotype Inference

Fresh Pond Research Institute 1.1 Abstract . 1-1 1.2 Introduction to Variation, SNPs, Genotypes, and Haplotypes . 1-2 The Biological Problem • The Computational Problems • The Need for a Genetic Model • Two Major Approaches 1.3 Clark’s Algorithm and Other Rule-Based Methods . 1-3 Introduction to Clark’s Algorithm • What is the Genetic Model in Clark’s Method? • The Maximum Resolution Problem • Improving Clark’s Method 1.4 The Pure Parsimony Criterion . 1-7 Introduction to Pure Parsimony • A Conceptual Integer Programming Formulation • A More Practical Formulation • Experimental Results • Further Work on Pure Parsimony 1.5 Perfect Phylogeny Haplotyping . 1-12 Introduction to Perfect Phylogeny Haplotyping • Algorithms and Programs for the PPH Problem • Uniqueness of the Solution: A Phase Transition • Related Models, Results, and Algorithms • Near-Perfect Phylogeny 1.6 A Brief Discussion of Statistical Methods . 1-19 1.7 Going Forward . 1-21 1.8 Acknowledgments . 1-21
Summarization of Neonatal Video EEG for Seizure and Artifact Detection

Monitoring neonatal EEG signal is useful in identifying neonatal convulsions or seizures. For neonates, seizures can be electrographic, electro clinical, or both simultaneously. Electrographic seizure is identified via recorded EEG signal, while electro clinical seizures exhibit clinical manifestations. Sometimes neonates can exhibit silent seizures which may be clinically invisible but identifiable in recorded EEG, or vice versa. Thus, simultaneous monitoring of video and recorded EEG determines the correlation between the electrographic and electro clinical seizures. Furthermore, analyzing the movements of the neonates can identify movement artifacts easily, thus preventing false seizure detection. However, storage of high quality video recordings require large storage space. As neonates do not commonly exhibit movements, summarizing the video for storing only patient movements along with corresponding timestamps, can be useful. In this paper, a video summarization method is proposed for efficient browsing of video-EEG. Identification and analysis of the patterns of interest is possible via summarized information, thus reducing effective analysis time. In addition, quantitative demonstration of electrographic and electro clinical seizures is presented to analyze the utility of video-EEG.
Torus Graph Inference for Detection of Localized Activity

Our goal is to detect localized regions of excessive activity in a network, distinguishing networks that contain such regions from networks whose activity is more homogeneous. We consider inference on random graphs from a latent position model whose latent position space is a torus, using edge density and maximum degree on as test statistics. 1 Torus Latent Position Models By now, it goes without saying that random graph models are a popular and fruitful area of study, with applications to physics, biology, sociology, and other fields. We consider a random graph model whose edge probabilities depend on the latent positions of the graph’s vertices; in our model, these latent positions lie on a torus. 1.1 Latent Position Models Latent position models, or latent space models, were introduced by Hoff, Raftery and Handcock [3]. In general, these random graph models propose a latent position (in some space of interest) for each vertex; the probability of the edge ij is a function of the distance between the latent positions of the vertices i and j. To generate a random graph from a latent position model, we use a two-stage process: First, latent positions, `1, . , `n, are drawn (i.i.d.) from a specified distribution on the latent position space. Given the latent positions, we generate a random graph G(`1, . . . , `n) by drawing ( n 2 ) Bernoulli random variables Y12, . , Yn−1,n for the edges. The edge variables are conditionally independent (conditioning on the positions `1, . . . , `n), with Yij having success probability pij , some function of the distance between the latent positions `i and `j . Formally, a latent (fixed) position model for graphs with n vertices is a sample space on Gn;. The collection is defined by a metric space (X , d) (the space in which the vertices take their latent positions) and a function f : R→ [0, 1] (used to convert distances between points into probabilities of vertex adjacency). Thus, we may call the model LPM(X , d, f). This model consists of 1Note that Hoff, Raftery, and Handcock do not require (X , d) to be a metric space; indeed, one of their examples makes use of non-symmetric projections. the samples spaces (Gn, P`), where ` : [n] → X assigns a latent position to each vertex. In a particular sample space (Gn, p`) ∈ LPM(X , d, f), the probability of a specific graph G is
Secondary structure of proteins through circular dichroism spectroscopy.

CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTROSCOPY . •. ••. • • 147 Technique . 147 Spectrometers. 148 Concentration and Pathlength. 149 Noise . 150 METHODS OF ANALySIS 151 Information Content and Constraints . 151 Circular Dichroism Spectra for Pure Secondary Structures . 152 Reference Circular Dichroism From Proteins of Known Secondary Structure . 154 APPLICATIONS . 159 Analysisfor Secondary Structure. 159 Proteins With Denatured Circular Dichroism . 160 Changes in Secondary Structure on Ligand Binding . 161 Changes in Secondary Structure With Solvent Variation . 162 Changes in Secondary Structure on Protein Denaturation. 163 CONCLUSIONS. 164
Non-specific immunotherapy of HIV-1 infection: potential use of the synthetic immunodulator murabutide.

5 .
Clinical and immunologic significance of Aspergillus fumigatus in the sputum.

The importance of air-borne fungal spores as allergens in man is being increasingly recognized. Of the fungi, the Aspergillus genus, and in particular A. fumigatus, was first reported by V. Leeuwen (1) and subsequently by others, including Hansen (2), as perhaps the most important fungal cause of respiratory tract allergic disorders in their respective countries. In more recent years the Aspergillus genus has been ranked. high in the list of inhaled fungal spore allergens by Feinberg (3) and Maunsell (4). Aspergillus fumigatus may, however, produce infections in man, animals, and birds. In their report on pulmonary infection in man, entitled bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, Hinson and others (5) described incidents of transient lung shadows with eosinophilia in the peripheral blood, which they attributed to hypersensitivity, although limited skin testing did not provide evidence for this. The spores of A. fumigatus like those of the other Aspergillus species are ubiquitous in their distribution and are present perennially. They are probably frequently inhaled and expectorated by the population at large, so that culture of A. fumigatus from the sputum cannot, by itself, be taken as proof of a causal relationship to the clinical manifestations. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the possible relationship of the Aspergillus species to various respiratory disorders.
Lipid traffic in animal cells.

SCOPE . 247 LIPID COMPOSITION. 248 General Remarks. 248 Lipid Compositions along the Endoand Exocytic Pathways . 249 Lipid Composition of Organelles Not Connected by Vesicular Traffic . 251 Quantitative Distribution of Lipids between the Various Organelles . 251 Transmembrane Lipid Asymmetry . 252 LIPID TRAFFIC AND SORTING . 254 Generation and Maintenance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Sphingolipids . 254 Generation and Maintenance of the Heterogeneous Distribution ofCholesterol. 260 Generation and Maintenance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Glycerophospholipids . 264 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTiVES. 269
The multidisciplinary nature of trauma care: also in the intensive care unit.

DOI:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000368 Trauma remains one of the world’s leading causes of death with 5.8 million people dying each year [1]. Additionally, 16% of all disabilities worldwide are caused by injuries [1]. The trauma patient is on average young, with many potential life years to be saved, and the quality of those years relies on timely and correct interventions along the entire treatment chain. Suboptimal outcomes represent not only a challenge to the immediate environment, but also a heavy socioeconomic burden. Management of the severely injured is highly multidisciplinary, challenging the borders between specialists in an increasingly subspecialized environment. The multidisciplinary nature of trauma is probably best described for the acute resuscitation phase with the need for strict protocols, training in communication and robust leadership for the trauma team in the Emergency Department. However, this multidisciplinary approach is as important after the initial resuscitation, during the stay in the intensive care unit (ICU). This is also the phase where continuity becomes of vital importance, and where the clinical situation can become more complex, primarily due to complications like severe infections and multiorgan failure requiring advanced intensive care monitoring and treatment. The organization of ICUs varies across the world, from surgeon led trauma critical care units in the US to ICUs in Europe with varying, but often limited surgical presence and input. Current evidence indicates better patient outcomes if critically ill patients are treated by trained intensivists [2]. However, surgical involvement and continuity during the entire intensive care phase is necessary to provide optimal care for complex trauma patients in need of repeated surgical procedures, or at risk of developing complications in need of interventions. The aim is to optimize treatment as early as possible to prevent the occurrence of severe infections, surgical complications and multiorgan failure. Early identification of complications and right timing of surgical and diagnostic procedures are critical issues requiring active involvement of surgeons in the ICU with close collaboration between surgeons and intensivists.
Selective sweeps in the human genome: a starting point for identifying genetic differences between modern humans and chimpanzees.

4 . 3 . 2 . 1 . Total number of low-diversity bins . Total number of bins . 0 0 5 or fewer 187 or more 192 14,703 2 3 7 161 192 14,703
Review: high dose vitamin E supplementation is associated with increased all cause mortality

Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med 2005;142:37–46.
Good-enough level and dose-effect models: Variation among outcomes and therapists

Abstract Objective: The current study examined the good-enough level (GEL) and dose-effect model on three outcome variables: well-being, symptom distress, and life functioning, while accounting for therapist effects. The dose-effect model assumes the rate of change is consistent across clients, and the GEL model assumes that the rate of change will vary according to the total length of treatment. Method: The sample included 13,664 clients who completed 2–100 sessions of therapy. Results: The GEL model was a better fit to the data compared to the dose-effect model for all outcomes. There were fewer changes in life functioning compared to well-being and symptom distress for clients. There were significant therapist effects for changes in symptom distress and life functioning, but not for the rates of change in well-being. Conclusion: Therapists should consider the rates of change for their own clients as well as by outcome.
A single source fed three level voltage boost NPC inverter with reduced LC count

Single stage boost multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) Z-Source inverter are becoming prominent for better power quality in low power and medium power applications. The conventional multilevel NPC Z-Source inverter uses two equal DC sources or a split DC source as well as two inductors, two capacitors and two diodes in the intermediate network. However, the source current is discontinuous in NPC Z-Source inverter (ZSI) which is not desirable in some of the applications like fuels cell, UPS system, hybrid electric vehicle etc. Though source current is continuous in multilevel quasi Z-source inverter (q-ZSI), but it uses more number of high power passive reactive elements (inductors and capacitors) which increases the system size, weight and cost. In this paper a three level voltage boost NPC inverter is proposed, which can boost the input DC voltage and give required three level AC output in a single stage. It uses less number of high power passive elements (one inductor and two capacitors), four diodes and two active switches in the intermediate network at the same time retains all the advantages of conventional three level NPC ZSI/q-ZSI. As a result, system size, weight and cost are reduced. Along with the above advantages, proposed inverter requires a single DC source and the source current is continuous in nature. The steady state mode of operation of the proposed inverter is discussed and voltage gain function is derived. The PWM technique for the inverter is also discussed. The simulation and experimental verification of the inverter has been done using MATLAB Simulink and laboratory prototype respectively.
Chimpanzee Malaria Parasites Related to Plasmodium ovale in Africa

Since the 1970's, the diversity of Plasmodium parasites in African great apes has been neglected. Surprisingly, P. reichenowi, a chimpanzee parasite, is the only such parasite to have been molecularly characterized. This parasite is closely phylogenetically related to P. falciparum, the principal cause of the greatest malaria burden in humans. Studies of malaria parasites from anthropoid primates may provide relevant phylogenetic information, improving our understanding of the origin and evolutionary history of human malaria species. In this study, we screened 130 DNA samples from chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) from Cameroon for Plasmodium infection, using cytochrome b molecular tools. Two chimpanzees from the subspecies Pan t. troglodytes presented single infections with Plasmodium strains molecularly related to the human malaria parasite P. ovale. These chimpanzee parasites and 13 human strains of P. ovale originated from a various sites in Africa and Asia were characterized using cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase 1 mitochondrial partial genes and nuclear ldh partial gene. Consistent with previous findings, two genetically distinct types of P. ovale, classical and variant, were observed in the human population from a variety of geographical locations. One chimpanzee Plasmodium strain was genetically identical, on all three markers tested, to variant P. ovale type. The other chimpanzee Plasmodium strain was different from P. ovale strains isolated from humans. This study provides the first evidence of possibility of natural cross-species exchange of P. ovale between humans and chimpanzees of the subspecies Pan t. troglodytes.
Isolated Chargers for EVs Incorporating Six-Phase Machines

This paper considers two isolated solutions for fast charging of electric vehicles (EVs). The isolation is located on the grid side (off board), whereas the rest of the charging apparatus is placed on board the EV, and it entirely consists of the existing power electronics components that would be otherwise used only for propulsion. Thus, substantial savings on space, weight, and cost are achieved. The considered configurations fully incorporate either a symmetrical or an asymmetrical six-phase machine, as well as a six-phase inverter, into the charging process. Due to the nature of the connections, torque production is avoided during the charging/vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes of operation. Thus, the machines do not have to be mechanically locked, and their rotors naturally stay at standstill. Control schemes for both configurations are elaborated, and theoretical results are validated by experiments for the two configurations in both charging and V2G modes.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Inflammatory Cells in Benign and Precancerous Lesions and Carcinoma of the Prostate

Objective: Inflammation is an important cause of tumorigenesis in various types of malignancy. Mediators derived from inflammatory cells are associated with cancer proliferation, angiogenesis, and DNA damage. In the present study, we immunohistochemically examined the infiltration patterns of inflammatory cells in benign glands including glandular hyperplasia, and in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 100 patients with prostate cancer. All patients underwent radical prostatectomy. We assessed the number of infiltrating T cells (CD3+), B cells (CD20+, CD79alpha+), and macrophages (CD68+, CD204+) in benign and malignant prostate tumors. Results: CD68+ macrophages infiltrated benign glands to a higher extent than those of adenocarcinoma. In contrast, the number of CD204+ cells was higher in malignant glands than in benign glands. There was no significant difference in the number of infiltrating T cells between benign and malignant tumors; however, the number of infiltrating B cells was significantly reduced in malignant glands. Conclusions: Inflammation of the prostate may act on prostate carcinomas; particularly that involving M2 macrophage infiltration may play a significant role in prostate carcinogenesis.