Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tracking dialog states using an Author-Topic based representation

Automatically translating textual documents from one language to another inevitably results in translation errors. In addition to language specificities, this automatic translation appears more difficult in the context of spoken dialogues since, for example, the language register is far from “clean speech”. Speech analytics suffer from these translation errors. To tackle this difficulty, a solution consists in mapping translations into a space of hidden topics. In the classical topic-based representation obtained from a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), distribution of words into each topic is estimated automatically. Nonetheless, the targeted classes are ignored in the particular context of a classification task. In the DSTC5 main task, this targeted class information is crucial, the main objective being to track dialog states for sub-dialog segments. For this challenge, we propose to apply an original topic-based representation for each sub-dialogue based not only on the sub-dialogue content itself (words), but also on the dialogue state related to the sub-dialogue. This original representation is based on the Author-Topic (AT) model, previously successfully applied on a different classification task. Promising results confirmed the interest of such a method, the AT model reaching performance slightly better in terms of F-measure than baseline ones given by the task's organizers.
An initial study of the relationship between platelet adenylyl cyclase activity and alcohol use disorder criteria.

Low platelet adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity has been previously proposed to be a trait marker reflecting a genetic predisposition to alcohol dependence. To determine whether low platelet AC activity in alcohol-dependent subjects may be related to specific diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV and ICD-10 alcohol use disorders, we analyzed responses obtained in structured clinical interviews of 36 subjects who were determined to be alcohol-dependent Platelet AC activity when stimulated by guanylyl-imidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] or forskolin was significantly lower in alcohol-dependent subjects as a group, compared with controls. When we analyzed the responses of the alcohol-dependent subjects to questions used to establish the diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence and dichotomized the subjects by positive or negative responses, we found that Gpp(NH)p- and forskolin-stimulated platelet AC activities were significantly lower among those alcohol-dependent subjects who had positive responses to questions related to drinking despite negative effects on mood ("Did you ever continue to drink even though you knew it was making you feel depressed, uninterested in things, or suspicious or distrustful of other people? "), drinking despite negative effects on health ("Did you ever continue to drink even though you knew it was causing you a health problem or making a health problem worse? "), or violence when drinking ("Did you get into physical fights while drinking or right after drinking? "). The alcohol-dependent subjects who had negative responses to these questions exhibited Gpp(NH)p- and forskolin-stimulated platelet AC activity that did not differ significantly from values in control subjects. The DSM-IV diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder did not distinguish alcohol-dependent subjects with regard to platelet AC activity. Gpp(NH)p and forskolin-stimulated AC activity may distinguish certain subtypes of alcoholics (i.e., those who develop negative mood in response to drinking, those who continue drinking despite health effects, and those who become violent while drinking).
A flexible mixed‐effect negative binomial regression model for detecting unusual increases in MRI lesion counts in individual multiple sclerosis patients

We develop a new modeling approach to enhance a recently proposed method to detect increases of contrast‐enhancing lesions (CELs) on repeated magnetic resonance imaging, which have been used as an indicator for potential adverse events in multiple sclerosis clinical trials. The method signals patients with unusual increases in CEL activity by estimating the probability of observing CEL counts as large as those observed on a patient's recent scans conditional on the patient's CEL counts on previous scans. This conditional probability index (CPI), computed based on a mixed‐effect negative binomial regression model, can vary substantially depending on the choice of distribution for the patient‐specific random effects. Therefore, we relax this parametric assumption to model the random effects with an infinite mixture of beta distributions, using the Dirichlet process, which effectively allows any form of distribution. To our knowledge, no previous literature considers a mixed‐effect regression for longitudinal count variables where the random effect is modeled with a Dirichlet process mixture. As our inference is in the Bayesian framework, we adopt a meta‐analytic approach to develop an informative prior based on previous clinical trials. This is particularly helpful at the early stages of trials when less data are available. Our enhanced method is illustrated with CEL data from 10 previous multiple sclerosis clinical trials. Our simulation study shows that our procedure estimates the CPI more accurately than parametric alternatives when the patient‐specific random effect distribution is misspecified and that an informative prior improves the accuracy of the CPI estimates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of entrepreneurial passion on the choice between effectual and causal decision making processes of novice entrepreneurs

Researchers identified two streams of decision making processes in the creation of new ventures: causation and effectuation. Entrepreneurs who use causal reasoning, make use of a planned approach. With this approach, entrepreneurs undertake their business on the basis of complying to pre-determined goals and plans. On the other hand, entrepreneurs who use effectuation act on the basis of an emergent approach. With this stream, entrepreneurs focus on their available resources while being responsive to their dynamic environment. The theory of effectuation and causation is still underdeveloped, which is why researchers urged to examine the influencing factors. This thesis examines whether entrepreneurial passion - which is at the heart of entrepreneurship - plays a role in entrepreneurs’ preference for effectuation or causation. Entrepreneurial passion, consisting of passion for inventing, founding and developing provides the fire that fuels innovation and persistence. This study is conducted in Malaysia amongst novice entrepreneurs, who were approached through social media and local bazaars to fill in a questionnaire. The results firstly show that novice Malaysian entrepreneurs prefer to use causation over effectuation. Entrepreneurial passion is proved to have significant relationships with effectuation/causation. All three domains of entrepreneurial passion have a significant effect on one or more of the effectuation/causation principles. Therefore, this thesis shows that entrepreneurial passion does have an effect on novice Malaysian entrepreneurs’ preference for effectuation or causation.
Nocturnal hypoglycemia: answering the challenge with long-acting insulin analogs.

BACKGROUND Nocturnal hypoglycemia may be the most common type of hypoglycemia in individuals with diabetes using insulin and is particularly worrisome because it often goes undetected and may lead to unconsciousness and even death in severe cases. OBJECTIVES The prevalence, causes, and consequences of nocturnal hypoglycemia as well as detection and prevention strategies are reviewed, including the use of long-acting insulin analogs, which offer more physiologic and predictable time-action profiles than traditional human basal insulin. DATA SOURCES A total of 307 publications (151 PubMed; 104 Adis; 52 BIOSIS) were reviewed. REVIEW METHODS Relevant trials were found by searching for "(detemir OR glargine) AND nocturnal AND (hypoglycemia OR hypoglycaemia) AND diabetes. " To capture trials that may not have specified "nocturnal" in the title or abstract text but still reported nocturnal hypoglycemia data, a supplemental search of PubMed using "(detemir OR glargine) AND (nocturnal OR hypoglycemia OR hypoglycaemia) AND diabetes" was undertaken. RESULTS A review of these trials found that patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a lower risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia when receiving long-acting insulin analogs (insulin detemir or insulin glargine), provided that glycemic control is comparable to that provided by traditional human basal insulin. Long-acting insulin analogs may be the best option to provide basal insulin coverage in patients who do not choose or require continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. CONCLUSIONS Randomized clinical trials suggest that the long-acting insulin analogs are associated with a lower risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia than neutral protamine Hagedorn without sacrificing glycemic control.
Patterns of Life: Intertwining Identity and Cognition

Artificial Life’s (AL) vocation is to contribute to a better scientific theory of life and of living organisms. I take AL to be guided by two principal motivations. 1. Building artificial living beings/objects as a proof for competing claims about different aspects of life and different levels of the living organization. This is the same motivation of artificial intelligence in regards to cognitive science. It is indeed an innovation in science, since physics relied principally on prediction for proof and validation. In these cases we also have validation by construction, quite a different matter. 2. Using the results of AL for practical and technological concerns. I think that the circulation between research and technological innovation is to a large extent what made this new wave of AL attractive. There is, again, a parallel to the AI of the early 60s, where the technological loop was first established with expert systems and such. In the case of AL, applications to nanotechnology and robotics play a similar role, at least in the public and the funder’s eyes. It is clear that AL has long historical roots and that it has fed to and from many parallel endeavors, of which it is a recent reincarnation, so to speak. These roots comprise most patently the cybernetics movement in the 50s, and the cognitive science and AI in the 80s, but it surely it is complex and multiple-branched tree. This is not to deny that AL has a specificity today which is amplified significantly by the convergence of previous results and
Expression of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens amylase and Vibrio alginolyticus protease A fusion genes.

Previously we reported [Deane, S. M. , Maharaj, R. , Robb, F. T. & Woods, D. R. (1987) Journal of General Microbiology 133, 2295-2302] that the production of a Vibrio alginolyticus SDS-resistant alkaline serine protease (Pro A) cloned in Escherichia coli was characterized by a 12 h delay between the synthesis of an inactive precursor and secretion of active Pro A. Replacement of the V. alginolyticus promoter region by the alpha-amylase promoter region from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens resulted in the simultaneous synthesis and secretion of Pro A in E. coli. The V. alginolyticus pro A gene cloned on a shuttle vector did not produce active Pro A in Bacillus subtilis. Although Pro A has a typical Gram-positive signal sequence, it was not functional in B. subtilis. Replacement of the Pro A signal sequence with the alpha-amylase signal sequence resulted in the production of active Pro A in B. subtilis.
A method to determine the extrinsic parameter of laser triangulation sensors, with restricted mobility

In many applications based on laser triangulation sensors it is necessary to know the extrinsic parameters of the sensor. The extrinsic parameters describe the exact sensor position in room space. Algorithms for such a calibration do exist, but depend on dynamic processes. For such a calibration one usually needs to record several sensor images of a calibration body in different orientations. But for some applications a dynamic process is not applicable due to restricted liberties in motion. Thus, we derived within this work a new method based on two steps. The first step is a pre-calibration, this step still is a dynamic calibration but doesn't need to be performed in the sensors final mounting position. After the sensor has been fixed in its final position, the extrinsic parameter of the sensor can be determined by just using a calibration plate, no motion is necessary.
Print-to-Practice: Designing Tailored Print Materials to Improve Cancer Survivors' Dietary and Exercise Practices in the FRESH START Trial.

O nly a few decades ago, the diagnosis of cancer was considered a virtual death sentence. Today, however, 5-year survival rates top 90% for many early-staged carcinomas. Consequently, there are burgeoning numbers of cancer survivors who currently comprise 3% to 4% of the US population. Although this is encouraging, cancer survivors, either because of late effects of treatment, genetic linkage, or common lifestyle behaviors, are at increased risk for second cancers, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and functional decline. These conditions place an enormous toll on the healthcare economy and are responsive to diet and exercise interventions. Although the cancer diagnosis may trigger a teachable moment for promoting healthful lifestyle change, many cancer survivors either fail to initiate changes in their dietary or exercise practices or are unsuccessful at sustaining them long-term. In a recent analysis of data from the Health Initiative SurveyV2000, Bellizzi and colleagues found that although cancer survivors are somewhat more likely to adhere to physical activity guidelines, for the most part, their health behaviors parallel those of the general populationVa population marked by inactivity; overweight and obesity; suboptimal fruit, vegetable, and fiber consumption; and high intakes of fat. Hence, there is a need for interventions that promote healthful lifestyle change in this vulnerable population. The good news is that previous surveys suggest that cancer survivors have high levels of interest in diet and exercise interventions. The not-so-good news is that there also exist considerable barriers for intervention delivery. Issues surrounding transportation present a major barrier to cancer survivors who tend to be elderly and geographically dispersed. Thus, clinic-based programs, successful in attracting patients with other chronic diseases, often fail to be well received by cancer survivors who also may have increased anxiety in reporting to institutions where they received their diagnoses and treatment. Past surveys suggest that cancer survivors prefer home-based interventions that are delivered via mailed print materials. The challenge lies in developing effective home-based interventions that are capable of changing lifestyle behaviors.
Solving visual correspondence between the two eyes via domain-based population encoding in nonhuman primates

Significance A long-standing problem in visual depth perception is how corresponding features between the two eyes are matched (the “binocular correspondence problem”). Here, we show, using optical imaging in monkey visual cortex, that this computation occurs in the near and far disparity domains of V2, and that functional organization in V2 might facilitate the pooling of disparity signals that can reduce false matches to solve the binocular correspondence problem. Stereoscopic vision depends on correct matching of corresponding features between the two eyes. It is unclear where the brain solves this binocular correspondence problem. Although our visual system is able to make correct global matches, there are many possible false matches between any two images. Here, we use optical imaging data of binocular disparity response in the visual cortex of awake and anesthetized monkeys to demonstrate that the second visual cortical area (V2) is the first cortical stage that correctly discards false matches and robustly encodes correct matches. Our findings indicate that a key transformation for achieving depth perception lies in early stages of extrastriate visual cortex and is achieved by population coding.
Evidence against Translational Repression by the Carboxyltransferase Component of Escherichia coli Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, synthesis of the malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) required for membrane lipid synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a large complex composed of four subunits. The subunit proteins are needed in a defined stoichiometry, and it remains unclear how such production is achieved since the proteins are encoded at three different loci. Meades and coworkers (G. Meades, Jr., B. K. Benson, A. Grove, and G. L. Waldrop, Nucleic Acids Res. 38:1217–1227, 2010, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkp1079) reported that coordinated production of the AccA and AccD subunits is due to a translational repression mechanism exerted by the proteins themselves. The AccA and AccD subunits form the carboxyltransferase (CT) heterotetramer that catalyzes the second partial reaction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Meades et al. reported that CT tetramers bind the central portions of the accA and accD mRNAs and block their translation in vitro. However, long mRNA molecules (500 to 600 bases) were required for CT binding, but such long mRNA molecules devoid of ribosomes seemed unlikely to exist in vivo. This, plus problematical aspects of the data reported by Meades and coworkers, led us to perform in vivo experiments to test CT tetramer-mediated translational repression of the accA and accD mRNAs. We report that increased levels of CT tetramer have no detectable effect on translation of the CT subunit mRNAs.
Design: Selection of Data Collection Methods.

Imagine that residents in your program have been less than complimentary about interprofessional rounds (IPRs). The program director asks you to determine what residents are learning about in collaboration with other health professionals during IPRs. If you construct a survey asking Likert-type questions such as ‘‘How much are you learning? ’’ you likely will not gather the information you need to answer this question. You understand that qualitative data deal with words rather than numbers and could provide the needed answers. How do you collect ‘‘good’’ words? Should you use open-ended questions in a survey format? Should you conduct interviews, focus groups, or conduct direct observation? What should you consider when making these decisions?
AutoMJ: Towards Efficient Multi-way Join Query on Distributed Data-Parallel Platform

The multi-way join query has attracted considerable attention from research community for its importance in many big data analytic applications. For the multi-round multi-way join algorithm in distributed data-parallel platforms, the huge communication cost caused by shuffling large intermediate results over the network is the main bottleneck. The one-round multi-way join algorithm processes the join query in a single communication round, which can significantly reduce the communication cost in complex queries, including cyclic queries. However, the one-round method is not always superior to the multi-round method, because the intermediate result size of the multi-round method may the much smaller than the size of data shuffled in the one-round method. Therefore, it is challenging to choose the best multi-way join algorithm in practice. To solve this problem, in this paper, we present AutoMJ, an efficient framework for multi-way join queries. In AutoMJ, we propose a novel automatic join strategy selection model based on the size estimation of intermediate join results. AutoMJ chooses the multi-way join strategy with the minimal shuffle data size. In addition, we propose an optimized HyperCube algorithm for the one-round multi-way join. We have implemented the prototype of AutoMJ on the widely-used distributed data-parallel platform Apache Spark. Experiments show that for multi-way join queries with large intermediate results, the one-round join strategy can outperform the multi-round join strategy built in Spark SQL 1.2 – 159.3× faster. In contrast, the multi-round join strategy is 2.1 – 6.2× faster than the one-round method for the queries with small intermediate results. Experiments also show that the relative error of size estimation can be within 0.1 for the Twitter dataset and 0.25 for the Wikidata dataset. Furthermore, experiments verify that the automatic join strategy selection model is effective for choosing the optimal multi-way join algorithm.
[The experience of using magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus and its appendages as an alternative to X-ray hysterosalpingography].

Objective Determination of the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus and its appendages (MRHSG) on devices with the induction of the magnetic field 3 Tesla (T) as an alternative to the classic X-ray hysterosalpingography, accompanied by a significant radiation dose to the patient. Material and Methods During the period from April 2015 to February 2016 12 MRHSG was conducted using magnetic resonance imaging apparatus Verio Magnetom 3T, Siemens company (Diagnostic Center "BarsMed", Kazan, Russia). We used neutral and not giving adverse reactions contrast agent – carbon dioxide. The pelvic organs – the uterus and fallopian tubes – represent the zone of interest. Results Analysis of the data showed that MRHSG on the apparatus with the induction of the magnetic field of 3 T is a highly informative method in the diagnosis of tubal patency, allowing fully assess the state of the pelvic organs on the whole and identify pathology. The absence of radiation exposure and contraindications associated with intolerance to iodinated contrast agents and other side effects differs MRHSG from the traditional X-ray method and makes MRHSG to be an alternative secure method of diagnosis, which has a number of advantages described in the article. Conclusions MRHSG on the apparatus with the induction of the magnetic field of 3 T in diagnosis of obstruction of the fallopian tubes and the visualization of the uterus and appendages diseases can be optimal and safe alternative to the X-ray hysterosalpingography, which accompanied with radiation exposure and is a number of side effects.
Txgjounxr¡. of Symbolic Loclc on the Use of Inaccessible Numbers Andorderindiscerniblesinlowerboundarguments for Random Access Machines Iwolfgang Maasst

and DISJOINT SETS:: {(yr,. ",! n¡2,2r,"',zntz) e N" I n is even and {Y""' '! n¡z\ ^ {2""''z'¡'\: Ø} on random access machines where the number of registers is bounded by an arbitrary function of n. nontrivial (i.e', superlinear) optimal lower bound on the computa problem on a random acc€ss machine' We will also show that (n log n) is relatively stable insofar"as it remains valid if we attach an arbitrary oracle 0 ç Nt to the RAM, which may be queried about arbitrary q-tuples of input numbers (4 is an arbitrary constant)' Applications of our l,ower bound arguments to other problems will be discussed in Remark 2.5.