Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diffuse X‐Ray Emission in Three Poor Clusters of Galaxies

We report on ROSAT PSPC soft X‐ray observations of three poor clusters of galaxies at distances above 100 Mpc (cz>8000 km s−1). In all three cases the emission is centered on the dominant member of the cluster, i.e., NGC 4104, NGC 6269, and NGC 6329, respectively. X‐ray emission was detected out to radii of 400–600 kpc. The bolometric X‐ray luminosities range from 2.6 to 8.6 × 1042 ergs s−1. The soft X‐ray emission characteristics and the physical properties deduced from our observations of all three poor clusters resemble those of downscaled rich clusters. In each case, the soft X‐ray spectrum is well represented by a thermal model with kT≃1.1–1.3 keV and near‐solar metallicity in the center, increasing to kT≃1.4–1.6 keV toward the outer boundaries while the metallicity, Z, decreases to about 0.1 solar. Equally good fits can be achieved if the metallicity is left at the solar value and an additional gas component with kT≃0.5 keV is introduced. The central electron densities in all three poor clusters studied here are enhanced with respect to a King profile by factors of 2–6. This, together with the results of the spectral fits, can be interpreted as either indicating the presence of cooling flows or of a two‐phase medium in the central areas. The spatial electron density distribution in the outer regions of each cluster can be fitted by King profiles with core radii of 17–60 kpc and exponents of β = 0.38–0.44. Using the derived radial temperature and density distributions, the total gravitating mass is obtained. We derive Mtot = 3.7 ± 0.7 × 1013 M⊙ within a radius of 300 kpc for each of the three systems, as opposed to 1014–1015 M⊙ for rich clusters. We find that the LX versus kT relation found by A. C. Edge and G. C. Stewart (1991) for rich clusters of galaxies scales into the domain of poor clusters and groups of galaxies. The spectral fits of the central regions show that none of the first‐ranking galaxies of the three poor clusters hosts a Seyfert 1 active galactic nucleus that contributes significantly to the emission in the ROSAT band (0.1–2.4 keV).
Effects of Unity of Form and Symmetry on Visual Aesthetics of Website Interface Design

Unity of form represents the extent to which visual objects on the screen are related in size. High levels of unity of form can be achieved by using objects with similar sizes on the screen and/or by reducing number of objects on the screen. Findings of earlier observational studies suggested that effect of unity of form on perceived visual aesthetics of website design was more evident in case of highly symmetrical webpages. The purpose of this study is to verify these findings. An experiment was conducted to systematically study effects of number of objects and number of different sizes of objects on perceived visual aesthetics of website design at high and low levels of symmetry. Perceived aesthetics was assessed using the classical/expressive dimensions. Results showed that both factors have significant effects on perceived visual aesthetics, only at high levels of symmetry and only on the classical dimension.
Almost sure representations of weighted U-statistics with applications

Let X 1, …, X n be a sample of i.i. d. random variables on the real line. In this paper, we introduce and study weighted U-statistics of the type S n =(n(n−1))−1 ∑ i¬=j J(i/n+1, j/n+1) h(X i:n , X j:n ), where J and h are given bivariate functions and X 1:n ≤···≤X n:n are the pertaining order statistics of the sample. Under weak integrability conditions on Jh, we derive an almost sure representation of S n in terms of a U-statistic and a remainder which is roughly of the order n −1. Specification of J and h yields representations for L-statistics and various robust measures of spread. The method also applies in a two-sample as well as in a censored data situation.
SPR prism sensor using laser line generator

A Kretschmann prism configuration uses a laser line generator, which includes a laser diode and a pair of cylindrical lenses having different optical powers in x and y directions. A metal layer is directly coated on one side of the prism. The line generator determines the length of the laser line and the divergent angle of the fan-shape light sheet. The length of the laser line on the metal layer is determined by the separation of the focus position of the laser light from the metal layer.
A hydrometeorological, three‐dimensional model of thermal energy releases into environmental media

A computer model has been developed to study thermal energy releases into the environment. A typical application of the model is the study of the behaviour of cooling-tower effluent under different weather and operating conditions. The model employs the full three-dimensional transport equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum and energy. The flow is treated as single-phase and the behaviour of any droplets present is calculated indirectly. The model takes into account such hydrometeorological phenomena as the effects of humidity, wind direction and speed, density variations and the presence and precipitation of droplets. Sample results from cooling tower applications are presented and discussed.
Applications of nonlinear smoothing to speech processing

In this talk a simple nonlinear smoothing algorithm which is appropriate for many speech‐processing applications is described and evaluated. In many applications linear smoothers, or low‐pass filters are entirely adequate. However, simple linear smoothers generally fail to provide adequate smoothing for data which exhibit both local roughness and sharp discontinuities. The proposed nonlinear smoothing algorithm can effectively smooth such data by using a combination of median smoothing routines and linear filtering. The concept of double smoothing as a refinement on the smoothing algorithm is also discussed. Examples showing the application of the nonlinear smoothing methods to typical speech parameters are included in this talk.
Importance Sampling Via the Estimated Sampler

Monte Carlo importance sampling for evaluating numerical integration is discussed. We consider a parametric family of sampling distributions and propose the use of the sampling distribution estimated by maximum likelihood. The proposed method of importance sampling using the estimated sampling distribution is shown to improve the asymptotic variance of the ordinary method using the true sampling distribution. The argument is closely related to the discussion of the paradox in Henmi & Eguchi (2004). We focus on a condition under which the estimated integration value obtained by the proposed method has asymptotic zero variance. Copyright 2007, Oxford University Press.
Multi Parameters Effect on Thermohydraulic Instability in Natural Circulation Boiling Water Reactor during Startup

The purpose of the study is to experimentally investigate driving mechanism of major instabilities simulated in a natural circulation experimental loop, under a predetermined range of system operating pressure and inlet subcoolings. Pressure range of 0.1 up to 0.7 MPa, input heat flux range of 0 up to 577 kW/m 2 , and inlet subcoolings of 5, 10 and 15 K respectively, are applied in the experiments. The objective of the study is to formulate a rational startup procedure, in which major thermohydraulic instabilities can be detected and prevented. The study clarifies that four (4) kinds of thermohydraulic instability might occur even up to a higher pressure of 0.7 MPa. The instabilities' sequence is as follows: (1) geysering induced by condensation accompanied by flashing, (2) oscillation induced by hydrostatic head fluctuation, (3) density wave oscillations, and (4) flashing accompanying those instabilities. The experiments confirmed that the geysering region gets narrower and suppressed with the increased system pressure. With chimneys, natural circulation can be achieved reliably and more easily. However, the flashing in the chimney cannot be avoided at low system pressure. Stable two-phase natural circulation can be established if the system pressure is increased beyond 0.7 MPa, after the high frequency density eave oscillation thoroughly suppressed. The experiments were analyzed based on frequency domain of each instability phenomenon.
Eine Fields-Medaille für Elon Lindenstrauss

Elon Lindenstrauss hat vergangenen Sommer im Rahmen der Eröffnungszeremonie der ICM 2010 in Hyderabad Indien eine der vier Fields-Medaillen verliehen bekommen. Die Begründung des Preiskommittee für die Entscheidung war „. for his results on measure rigidity in ergodic theory and their applications to number theory“. Wir wollen hier kurz seine wichtigsten Arbeiten erläutern und auch Elon Lindenstrauss als Person vorstellen.
Dholuo interdentals: Fricatives or affricates? Evidence from domain‐initial strengthening

The manner of articulation of 〈th,dh〉 in Kenya Dholuo is described controversially in the literature. This study uses acoustic data collected from three native speakers of the same dialect to test the hypothesis that 〈th,dh〉 exhibit positional variation, in accordance with domain‐initial strengthening. The prediction that 〈th,dh〉 are realized as affricates in strong position and fricatives in weak position was supported. All three speakers showed longer closure for 〈th〉 in pretonic than in non‐pretonic position (F=166.833, p IP‐medial word‐initial > IP‐initial without focus > IP‐initial with focus (F=116.513, p<0.01). IP‐initial 〈dh〉 and 〈d〉 had similar prevoicing duration (72.120; 72.434) suggesting that the interdental became more stoplike in this position. Furthermore, whereas it is known that vowels are longer before fricatives than before stops, the vowels before 〈th,dh〉 were not longer than those before the corresponding stops 〈t,d〉 suggesting 〈th,dh〉 are stop‐like. Using both qualitative and quantitative criteria, Dholuo interdentals are best described as affricates with differences in articulation in prosodically stronger versus weaker positions.
Hybrid retinal image registration using phase correlation

Abstract This paper deals with registration of retinal images, which were taken by high-resolution digital colour fundus cameras. The proposed method describes successful application of phase correlation method. It combines several basic steps — global correction of shift, rotation and scaling, detection of landmarks, their correspondences and finally image registration using second-order polynomial model. The method is tested on two sets of images. The first set contains images from the diabetic patients where many retinal pathologies can disturb the registration process. The second set contains images from healthy subjects, which were acquired by different illumination conditions. The method was evaluated using four different criteria - tree objective and one subjective. These criteria are also compared. The achieved registration accuracy of the landmarks position error is 1·13 and 0·93 pixels for respective image sets. Finally, the simple scheme for retinal pathology visualisation of registered fundus pairs is presented.
The numerical study of shock-induced hydrodynamic instability and mixing ∗

Based on multi-fluid volume fraction and piecewise parabolic method (PPM), a multi-viscosity-fluid hydrodynamic code MVPPM (Multi-Viscosity-Fluid Piecewise Parabolic Method) is developed and applied to the problems of shock-induced hydrodynamic interfacial instability and mixing. Simulations of gas/liquid interface instability show that the influences of initial perturbations on the fluid mixing zone (FMZ) growth are significant, especially at the late stages, while grids have only a slight effect on the FMZ width, when the interface is impulsively accelerated by a shock wave passing through it. A numerical study of the hydrodynamic interfacial instability and mixing of gaseous flows impacted by re-shocks is presented. It reveals that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results and the mixing growth rate strongly depends on initial conditions. Ultimately, the jelly layer experiment relevant to the instability impacted by exploding is simulated. The shape of jelly interface, position of front face of jelly layer, crest and trough of perturbation versus time are given; their simulated results are in good agreement with experimental results.
A predictive estimation based control strategy for a quasi-resonant dc-link inverter

In this paper the predictive estimation based control strategy for a quasi-resonant dc link inverter (PQRDCLI) is developed. Instead of direct measurement of dc link input inverter current – its estimation with one step prediction is applied. The PQRDCLI fed induction motor, controlled with a predictive current estimation stabilized inverter output voltage slopes independently of load. Moreover, reduction of overvoltage spikes and common mode motor currents was achieved. Obtained results are verified by the Saber system simulation and experimental tests in a laboratory setup.
Photometric and spectroscopic observations of the optical counterpart of H2215-086

We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of the optical counterpart of the x-ray source H2215-086 which reveal it to be a short-period binary system. In addition to the orbital period there is a 21-min periodicity which appears as a 40% modulation of the light curve. We suspect that this 21-min optical pulsation is due to hard radiation from the magnetic poles of a compact star which has been reprocessed by material which is at rest in a frame co-rotating with the binary. This interpretation predicts that hard x-ray pulsations should be seen at the beat period between the orbital and 21-min periods, corresponding to the rotation period of the compact object. The object appears to be remarkably similar to H2252-035.
Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Intersensor Calibration Using a Simultaneous Conical Overpass Technique

Abstract A new intersensor calibration scheme is developed for the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) to correct its scan-angle-dependent bias, the radar calibration beacon interference on the F-15 satellite, and other intersensor biases. The intersensor bias is characterized by the simultaneous overpass measurements with the F-13 SSM/I as a reference. This sensor data record (SDR) intersensor calibration procedure is routinely running at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and is now used for reprocessing all SSM/I environmental data records (EDR), including total precipitable water (TPW) and surface precipitation. Results show that this scheme improves the consistency of the monthly SDR’s time series from different SSM/I sensors. Relative to the matched rain products from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, the bias of SSM/I monthly precipitation is reduced by 12% after intersensor calibration. TPW biases between sensors are reduced by 7.
Field study of noise‐induced sleep disturbance

Behaviorally confirmed awakenings were recorded during nighttime hours for periods of approximately one month in 45 homes of 82 test participants. Measurements of awakening and of both indoor and outdoor noise exposure were made for a total of 632 subject nights near a military airfield, 783 subject nights near a civil airport, and 472 subject nights in neighborhoods with community noise exposure of nonaircraft origin. Sound exposure levels of individual noise intrusions were much more closely associated with awakenings than long‐term noise exposure levels. The slope of the relationship between awakening and sound exposure level was rather shallow, however. Although the present findings do not resemble those of laboratory studies of noise‐induced sleep interference, they are in good agreement with the results of other field studies.
Envelope solitons of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an anti-cubic nonlinearity

On the basis of a recently-proposed method to find solitary solutions of generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equations (Fedele R and Schamel H 2002 Eur. Phys. J. B 27 313, Fedele R 2002 Phys. Scr. 65 502, Fedele R, Schamel H and Shukla P K 2002 Phys. Scr. T 98 18), the existence of envelope solitonlike solutions of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation containing an anti-cubic nonlinearity (|Ψ|−4Ψ) plus a 'regular' nonlinear part is investigated. In particular, in the case that the regular nonlinear part consists of a sum of cubic and quintic nonlinearities (i.e. q1|Ψ|2Ψ + q2|Ψ|4Ψ), an upper-shifted bright envelope solitonlike solution is explicitly found.
High resolution network human pose estimation based on multi-scale attention mechanism

: It is difficult to predict the correct human poses when facing the challenge of the scale change of the feature map in the human pose estimation. To solve this problem, proposing a high-resolution network MSANet (Multiscale-Attention Net) based on multi-scale attention mechanism to improve the detection accuracy of human pose estimation. Introduce lightweight pyramid convolution and attention feature fusion to achieve more efficient extraction of multi-scale information; citing the self-transformer module in the fusion of parallel subnets for feature enhancement to obtain global features; in the output stage, The features of each layer are fused using an adaptive spatial feature fusion strategy as the final output, which more fully obtains the semantic information of high-level features and the fine-grained features of low-level features to infer invisible points and occluded key points. Tested on the public dataset COCO2017, the experimental results show that this method improves the estimation accuracy by 4.2% compared with the basic network HRNet
Imaging performance of multilayer x-ray mirrors

We analyze soft x‐ray images of the solar corona, obtained on the day of the solar eclipse in July 1991, and find that the deviations of our telescope mirror from the perfect surface are less than 1 A for spatial periods between 1 μm and 1 mm. Our thin film deposition technique allows us to reduce errors over larger periods to the 1 A level. Thus, we are able to produce large (diameter over 20 cm) x‐ray mirrors with diffraction limited resolution below 0.01 arcsec.
Exploring the Physiological Multiplicity of Native Microalgae from the Ecuadorian Highland, Italian Lowland and Indoor Locations in Response to UV-B

The differential effects of UV-B on the inhibition or activation of protective mechanisms to maintain cells photosynthetically active were investigated in native microalgae. Four strains were used, including two Chlorella sorokiniana strains, F4 and LG1, isolated from a Mediterranean inland swamp and a recycled cigarette butt’s substrate, respectively, and two isolates from an Ecuadorian highland lake related to Pectinodesmus pectinatus (PEC) and Ettlia pseudoalveolaris (ETI). Monocultures were exposed to acute UV-B (1.7 W m−2) over 18 h under controlled conditions. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were evaluated at specific time points. Results showed that UV-B significantly compromised all the physiological parameters in F4, thereby resulting in the most UV-B-sensitive strain. Contrarily, UV-B exposure did not lead to changes in the PEC physiological traits, resulting in the best UV-B-resistant strain. This could be attributed to the acclimation to high light habitat, where maintaining a constitutive phenotype (at the photosynthetic level) is strategically advantageous. Differently, LG1 and ETI at 12 h of UV-B exposure showed different UV-B responses, which is probably related to acclimation, where in LG1, the pigments were recovered, and the antioxidants were still functioning, while in ETI, the accumulation of pigments and antioxidants was increased to avoid further photodamage. Consequently, the prolonged exposure in LG1 and ETI resulted in species-specific metabolic regulation (e.g., non-enzymatic antioxidants) in order to constrain full photoinhibition under acute UV-B.
Regularity theorems and Geršgorin theorems for matrices over rings with valuation

The collection of root-location theorems for matrices of complex numbers is now quite extensive. Since their proofs involve chiefly manipulation of absolute value inequalities, many of these theorems can be extended to noncommutative domains, in particular to quaternion matrices. Secondly, the ring of polynomials has a valuation with properties that differ slightly from those of the ordinary absolute value function. Using this valuation, a different type of regularity theorem is obtainable. With a suitable definition of proper value of a matrix of polynomials, these regularity theorems also lead to root- location theorems. Finally, bounds for determinants can be obtained. These bounds are given in terms of the valuation: for polynomials, they are bounds on the degree.
Few-Shot User-Adaptable Radar-Based Breath Signal Sensing

Vital signs estimation provides valuable information about an individual’s overall health status. Gathering such information usually requires wearable devices or privacy-invasive settings. In this work, we propose a radar-based user-adaptable solution for respiratory signal prediction while sitting at an office desk. Such an approach leads to a contact-free, privacy-friendly, and easily adaptable system with little reference training data. Data from 24 subjects are preprocessed to extract respiration information using a 60 GHz frequency-modulated continuous wave radar. With few training examples, episodic optimization-based learning allows for generalization to new individuals. Episodically, a convolutional variational autoencoder learns how to map the processed radar data to a reference signal, generating a constrained latent space to the central respiration frequency. Moreover, autocorrelation over recorded radar data time assesses the information corruption due to subject motions. The model learning procedure and breathing prediction are adjusted by exploiting the motion corruption level. Thanks to the episodic acquired knowledge, the model requires an adaptation time of less than one and two seconds for one to five training examples, respectively. The suggested approach represents a novel, quickly adaptable, non-contact alternative for office settings with little user motion.
Evaluation of Pre-Pandemic Trivalent COBRA HA Vaccine in Mice Pre-Immune to Historical H1N1 and H3N2 Influenza Viruses

Initial exposure to influenza virus(es) during early childhood produces protective antibodies that may be recalled following future exposure to subsequent viral infections or vaccinations. Most influenza vaccine research studies use immunologically naïve animal models to assess vaccine effectiveness. However, most people have an extensive influenza immune history, with memory cells produced by viruses or vaccines representing multiple influenza viruses. In this study, we explored the effect influenza seasonal virus-induced immunity has on pre-pandemic influenza virus vaccination. The mice that were pre-immune to historical H1N1 and H3N2 seasonal influenza viruses were vaccinated with adjuvanted pre-pandemic (H2, H5, and H7) HA-based computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) vaccines, and were fully protected from lethal challenge, whereas the mock-vaccinated mice, with or without pre-immunity, were not protected from morbidity or mortality. Detectable antibody titers were present in the pre-immune mice vaccinated with a single dose of vaccine, but not in the immunologically naïve mice. The mice vaccinated twice with the trivalent COBRA HA vaccine had similar antibody titers regardless of their pre-immune status. Overall, seasonal pre-immunity did not interfere with the immune responses elicited by pre-pandemic COBRA HA vaccines or the protection against pre-pandemic viruses.