Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alfvén wave phase mixing driven by velocity shear in two‐dimensional open magnetic configurations

Phase mixing of torsional Alfven waves in axisymmetric equilibrium magnetic configurations with purely poloidal magnetic field and stationary flow along the field lines in resistive viscous plasmas is studied. The characteristic wavelength along the magnetic field lines is assumed to be much smaller than the characteristic scale of inhomogeneity in the magnetic field direction, and the WKB method is used to obtain an analytic solution describing phase mixing. The general solution is applied to a particular configuration with the radial magnetic field and flow under the assumptions that the magnetic field and density are independent of the polar angle in the spherical coordinates and the flow velocity is independent of the radial coordinate. The only source of phase mixing in this configuration is velocity shear. The analytical solution is compared with a numerical simulation of the fully nonlinear resistive MHD equations. The numerical and analytical results are in good agreement. Consequences for wave energy deposition into the solar corona and solar wind and for the evolution of the Alfven wave energy spectrum are discussed.
Functional Characterization of TkSRPP Promoter in Response to Hormones and Wounding Stress in Transgenic Tobacco

Taraxacum kok-saghyz is a model species for studying natural rubber biosynthesis because its root can produce high-quality rubber. Small rubber particle protein (SRPP), a stress-related gene to multiple stress responses, involves in natural rubber biosynthesis. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the TkSRPP promoter, the full-length promoter PR0 (2188 bp) and its four deletion derivatives, PR1 (1592 bp), PR2 (1274 bp), PR3 (934 bp), and PR4 (450 bp), were fused to β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and transformed into tobacco. The GUS tissue staining showed that the five promoters distinctly regulated GUS expression utilizing transient transformation of tobacco. The GUS activity driven by a PR0 promoter was detected in transgenic tobacco leaves, stem and roots, suggesting that the TkSRPP promoter was not tissue-specific. Deletion analyses in transgenic tobacco have demonstrated that the PR3 from −934 bp to −450 bp core region responded strongly to the hormones, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA), and also to injury induction. The TkSRPP gene was highly expressed under hormones and wound-induced conditions. This study reveals the regulation pattern of the SRPP promoter, and provides valuable information for studying natural rubber biosynthesis under hormones and wounding stress.
A Smart Measurement System for the Combined Nanoscale and Device Level Characterization of Electron Devices: Implementation Using Ink-Jet Printing Technologies

In this article, the integration into a single measurement system of device level and nanoscale measurement equipment is presented and applied to the electrical characterization of emerging electron devices. This system is a smart solution to simplify the test procedure, since it allows a fast switching between measurement modes (device or nanoscale level), also featuring an enlarged testing capability. Key in the system is a custom-made inkjet-printed circuit board (I-PCB) that connects the device terminals to the proper instrumentation. The flexibility offered by inkjet-printing technologies is a clear advantage, since many kinds of devices can be tested, without the need of expensive hardware modifications. As a particular case of study, the proposed strategy is demonstrated by implementing a system that alternates between standard electrical measurements with a Semiconductor Parameter Analyzer (SPA) and Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (CAFM) nanoscale measurements on back-gate graphene field-effect transistors.
Event motivation, subjective well-being, and revisit intentions during the second wave of the pandemic: moderating effect of affective risk about COVID-19 and perceived trust

ABSTRACT This study examines the moderating effects of trust and perceived affective risk on the relationship between event motivations (socializing, novelty, nostalgia, emotion regulation, and loneliness), subjective-wellbeing and revisit intentions. We tested the proposed conceptual model via a convenient sample of 287 participants visiting an exhibition at the international contemporary art gallery in Istanbul, Turkey, during the second COVID-19 pandemic wave. The PLS-SEM analysis revealed that event motivations positively affect subjective well-being and revisit intention while increasing perceived trust strengthens the relationship between subjective well-being and revisit intentions. However, our findings suggest that when the visitor’s perceived affective risk about Covid-19 is higher, the positive relationships between event motivation and (a) subjective well-being and (b) revisit intentions become significantly weaker. The current study implicated that individuals who are cautious about public health and make decisions to attend events and prioritize their well-being consider doing so when they perceive less risk and sense that more safety protocol is in place. Hence, we discuss several activities related to reducing consumers’ concerns and building trust during the event that would benefit event managers in developing a safe and healthy event image and facilitating event participation.
Northern Hemisphere Heat Extremes in a Warmer Climate: More Probable but Less Colocated With Blocking

This work uses reanalysis and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 model, CM4, to investigate the colocation of heat extremes and atmospheric blocking in the current climate and an end of 21st century, extreme‐emissions projection. In the present day, the colocation of heat events and blocking is greatest for the strongest heat events. Block‐heat extreme colocation is found to be less prevalent over ocean than land, exhibiting regional variation throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Over North America, colocation is greatest near the northwestern and northeastern coasts, minimizing near the center; over Eurasia, colocation is most prevalent in northern regions. In an RCP 8.5 projection, the historical 90th percentile temperature decreases to 0–70th percentile, depending on the region. This is primarily driven by mean state warming. Blocking is found to decrease along with the colocation of blocking and heat extremes, suggesting that in some regions, the mechanisms driving heat extremes will change in future climates.
Acoustic fluctuations using the parabolic profile

Calculations were performed using the normal‐mode solutions for the parabolic profile to determine the behavior of the acoustic field when either the axial or maximum profile sound speed was altered slightly from an unperturbed value. It was found that incrementing either the axial or maximum profile speed by small amounts produced a change in the focal length of the parabolic profile, which in turn caused a range‐dependent compression or expansion of the unperturbed acoustic field with no noticeable distortion for frequencies less than 400 Hz and range less than 550 km. Approximating the effect of the first‐mode semidiurnal internal tide by appropriate variations in axial velocity, this fact was used to show that for cw propagation between fixed source and fixed receiver, the fluctuation in acoustic amplitude produced by the internal tide can be obtained by sampling the amplitude function for the unperturbed profile a distance Δr either side of the range in question, where Δr is the distance the unpertur.
Core expansion in young star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

The core radii of 18 rich star clusters in the LMC with ages from 10 Myr to 1 Gyr. Data for an additional 17 clusters with ages from 1 Myr to 10 Gyr are available in the literature. The combined sample shows that the core radii increase from about 0 to about 5 pc between about 1 Myr and 1 Gyr, and then begin to decrease again. The expansion of the cores is probably driven by mass loss from evolving stars. Models of cluster evolution show that the rate of increase in core radius is sensitive to the slope of the initial mass function. The observed core radius-age relation for the LMC clusters favors an intial mass function with slope slightly flatter than the Salpeter value. 20 refs.
The Physical Origin of the Coffin-Manson Law in Low-Cycle Fatigue

According to Coffin and Manson, the number NR of cycles to fracture in the low-fatigue regime is related to the amplitude of the applied cyclic plastic deformation Δep by the famous empirical relation NRΔepβ = C named after them, where β = 2 is found remarkably universal in single-phased metallic materials, whatever their atomic and/or polycrystalline structure. Here, we propose a theory of the Coffin-Manson law which is based upon the observation that the "mesoscopic" grain scale, intermediate between the dislocation scale and the macroscopic crack scale, plays a fundamental role. In addition, we get the dependence of NR on the grain size and sample size as well as a quantitative description of mesocrack clusters distribution prior to rupture, which can be tested in future experiments.
On the topological properties of symplectic maps

Synopsis In this paper we show that symplectic maps have surprising topological properties. In particular, we construct an interesting metric for the symplectic diffeomorphism groups, which is related, but not obviously, to the topological properties of symplectic maps and phase space geometry. We also prove a certain number of generalised symplectic fixed point theorems and give an application to a Hamiltonian system.
Risk-Aware Maximum Hands-Off Control Using Worst-Case Conditional Value-at-Risk

With the view of risks, this article deals with the problems of maximum hands-off control that aims at minimizing the length of nonzero control input. More specifically, we consider stochastic systems and seek sparse control inputs that bring the system state to a ball centered at the origin, such that the expected value of the states that are further than a given threshold from the origin is small, thus minimizing the risk that the system state is outside of the ball. To deal with this problem, we employ the worst-case conditional value-at-risk under the assumption that the first two moments of the disturbance distribution are known. In particular, we consider two kinds of risk-aware maximum hands-off control problems: one enhances the sparsity within a given risk threshold, and the other minimizes the risk subject to a sparsity constraint. We also derive a risk-constrained sparse model predictive control and provide a numerical example that shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach in networked control systems.
A MULTI-VARIABLE POLYNOMIAL INVARIANT FOR VIRTUAL KNOTS AND LINKS

We construct a multi-variable polynomial invariant for virtual knots and links via the concept of a decorated virtual magnetic graph diagram. The invariant is a generalization of the Jones–Kauffman polynomial for virtual knots and links. We show some features of the invariant including an evaluation of the virtual crossing number of a virtual knot or link.
Optical waveguide manufactured in photo-thermo-refractive glass substrate by ion exchange

Photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glasses exhibit promising characteristics for volume Bragg grating fabrication, one of key devices for construction of high performance lasers, among other optical device and systems. Aiming at employing this type of glass materials in the field of integrated photonics, buried optical channel waveguide is manufactured in PTR glass substrate by Ag+/Na+ thermal ion exchange and subsequent field assisted ion migration. The Ag+ doped zone in glass substrate, which is also the waveguide core, can be driven to several micrometers under the glass substrate surface, which decreases the propagation loss to a value as low as 0.12dB/cm, by eliminate scattering loss at glass substrate defects. Cross section of the waveguide core can be also engineered to match the core of single mode fiber, ensures a low coupling loss to single mode fiber. Analysis demonstrated that the buried optical waveguide fabrication proves can be expected to be applied in functional integrated optical device implementation.
Comparison of AIRS and IASI Radiances Using GOES Imagers as Transfer Radiometers toward Climate Data Records

Abstract The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), together with the future Cross-track Infrared Sounder, will provide long-term hyperspectral measurements of the earth and its atmosphere at ∼10 km spatial resolution. Quantifying the radiometric difference between AIRS and IASI is crucial for creating fundamental climate data records and establishing the space-based infrared calibration standard. Since AIRS and IASI have different local equator crossing times, a direct comparison of these two instruments over the tropical regions is not feasible. Using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagers as transfer radiometers, this study compares AIRS and IASI over warm scenes in the tropical regions for a time period of 16 months. The double differences between AIRS and IASI radiance biases relative to the GOES-11 and -12 imagers are used to quantify the radiance differences between AIRS and IASI within the GOES imager spectral .
The Rasch Analysis Shows Poor Construct Validity and Low Reliability of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology 2.0 (QUEST 2.0) Questionnaire

This study aims to test the construct validity and reliability of the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology 2.0 (QUEST)–device, an eight-item questionnaire for measuring satisfaction with assistive devices. We collected 250 questionnaires from 79 patients and 32 caregivers. One QUEST was completed for each assistive device. Five assistive device types were included. QUEST was tested with the Rasch analysis (Many-Facet Rating Scale Model: persons, items, and device type). Most patients were affected by neurological disabilities, and most questionnaires were about mobility devices. All items fitted the Rasch model (InfitMS range: 0.88–1.1; OutfitMS: 0.84–1.28). However, the ceiling effect of the questionnaire was large (15/111 participants totalled the maximum score), its targeting poor (respondents mean measure: 1.90 logits), and its reliability was 0.71. The device classes had different calibrations (range: −1.18 to 1.26 logits), and item 3 functioned differently in patients and caregivers. QUEST satisfaction measures have low reliability and weak construct validity. Lacking invariance, the QUEST total score is unsuitable for comparing the satisfaction levels of users of different device types. The differential item functioning suggests that the QUEST could also be problematic for comparing satisfaction in patients and caregivers.
Empirical-Bias Bandwidths for Local Polynomial Nonparametric Regression and Density Estimation

Abstract A data-based local bandwidth selector is proposed for nonparametric regression by local fitting of polynomials. The estimator, called the empirical-bias bandwidth selector (EBBS), is rather simple and easily allows multivariate predictor variables and estimation of any order derivative of the regression function. EBBS minimizes an estimate of mean squared error consisting of a squared bias term plus a variance term. The variance term used is exact, not asymptotic, though it involves the conditional variance of the response given the predictors that must be estimated. The bias term is estimated empirically, not from an asymptotic expression. Thus EBBS is similar to the “double smoothing” approach of Hardle, Hall, and Marron and a local bandwidth selector of Schucany, but is developed here for a far wider class of estimation problems than what those authors considered. EBBS is tested on simulated data, and its performance seems quite satisfactory. Local polynomial smoothing of a histogram is a high.
Infrared face recognition based on multiwavelet transform and PCA

To extract the discriminative information from the sparse representation of infrared face, infrared face recognition method combining multiwavelet transform and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the effective information in infrared face is represented by multi-wavelet transformation. Then, to integrate more useful information to infrared face recognition, we assign the corresponding weights to different sub-bands in multi-wavelet domain. Finally, based on the weighted fusion distance, the 1-NN classifier is applied to get final recognition result. The experiment results show that the recognition performance of sparse representation based on multi-wavelet representation outperforms that of method based on usual wavelet representation; and the proposed infrared face method considering the useful information in different sub-bands of multiwavelet has better recognition performance, compared with the method based on approximate sub-band.
PROCESSO DE AGLOMERAÇÃO DE UM PÓ A BASE DE AÇAÍ E PROTEÍNAS VEGETAIS OBTIDO POR SECAGEM EM SPRAY DRYER

RESUMO O processo de aglomeração em leito fluidizado é utilizado para melhorar as características físicas de pós. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o processo de aglomeração em leito fluidizado de um pó à base de açaí e proteínas vegetais obtido por secagem em spray dryer, a fim de melhorar suas propriedades físicas, bem como avaliar a influência das variáveis operacionais no desempenho do processo e na qualidade do pó. Por meio de planejamento fatorial, foi avaliada a influência da temperatura do ar e da vazão de ligante sobre a umidade do pó, tamanho das partículas e rendimento do processo. A temperatura do ar foi a variável com maior efeito na umidade, enquanto a vazão de ligante foi a variável com maior efeito no rendimento. A melhor condição de processo foi obtida no ensaio 2 (T = 65 °C e Q = 3,5 ml‧min), visto que forneceu um pó com umidade aceitável (< 15 %) e rendimento superior a 55 %. Para todas as condições estudadas foi obtido um pó com melhor fluidez e menor tempo de molhamento, indicando que o processo de aglomeração resultou na melhora das propriedades físicas do pó obtido pela secagem em spray dryer.
Radiation Damping in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

Theoretical calculations are presented which show that the enhancement predicted by the particle plasmon model of surface-enhanced Raman scattering is limited by radiation damping. The damping becomes more severe as particle size increases, while the enhancement produced by small particles is limited by surface scattering. Good agreement between theory and experimental measurements of the wavelength dependence of surface-enhanced Raman scattering on lithographically produced microstructures is found when radiation damping is taken into account.
A Computer Program for Item Selection Based on Maximum Internal Consistency

Internal consistency as one rationale for item selection from the universe of possible test items is discussed. Formulae, derived by Lord (1958), are presented which relate the maximum internal consistency of a test to the largest eigenvalue of the interitem correlation matrix. A computationally feasible stepwise procedure is suggested which selects a subset of the original test items that yields maximum internal consistency. The characteristics of a computer program designed to perform these calculations for an input score matrix are described.
Analytical Mechanics. Addendum I: Inequality Constraints with Elastic Impacts. The Convex Case

The aim of the present paper is to present some new results in Analytical Mechanics when impacts may occur. We prove certain equivalent forms for d'Alembert's principle including the velocity discontinuity, and then we show that the theorem of stationary action still holds as an inequality. The consideration of the variation of the unknown impact time implies certain new variational expressions in inequality form for the impact problem.
The Impact of Product and Process Innovations on Productivity: A Review of Empirical Studies

This article draws attention to insufficient research interest in the empirical assessments of the impact of product and process innovations (PPI) on economic performance. The analysis of the relevant studies for 2000–2022 found significant international and intersectoral differentiation of the considered linkages between innovation and productivity. It revealed limitations for the meaningful interpretation of the array of results accumulated in the literature. The author emphasizes the importance of an integrated multi-perspective approach to assessing the possible impact of PPI on various aspects of enterprise and industry performance when planning public innovation policy. For example, minor product innovations can make a tangible positive contribution to a company's sales growth, but have no impact on labor productivity at all. The impact of a radical resource-saving process innovation will look doubtful if it is evaluated only on a short time interval. The author concludes that it is expedient to revise established views on industrial technological innovations and develop new approaches to their measurement.
A low-temperature, solution-processed high-k dielectric for low-voltage, high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs)

We report here a low-temperature, solution-processed high-k dielectric, which can be used effectively to achieve high-performance, low-voltage organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). A CuPc device based on the solution-processed dielectric possessed a mobility of 0.15 cm2 V−1 s−1 under a voltage of only −2 V, which is more than one order of magnitude higher than that obtained on traditional 300 nm SiO2 under −40 V. Detailed studies by atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence x- ray diffraction reveal that the high performance can be attributed to the crystallized interconnected rod-like structure of CuPc molecules in the initial growth on ATO. Pentacene and rubrene single crystal FETs on the solution-processed dielectric also exhibit higher performance than those on 300 nm SiO2. Our findings suggest that the low-temperature, solution-processed high-k dielectric can be a plausible choice for fabrication of high-performance low-voltage OFETS, and also provide some clues in designing effective high-k dielectrics.
Joining RDC data from flexible protein domains

We study the inverse problem of determining the conformational freedom of two protein domains from residual dipolar coupling (RDC) measurements. For each paramagnetic ion attached to one of the domains we obtain a magnetic susceptibility tensor χ from the RDC of couples of atoms of that domain, and a mean paramagnetic susceptibility tensor from the RDC of couples of atoms of the other domain. The latter is an integral average of rotations of χ which depends on the conformational freedom of the two domains. In this paper we consider the case when we have data from paramagnetic ions attached separately to each of the domains. We prove that in this case not all the elements of χ and are independent. We derive the mathematical equations for the compatibility of the measurements and show how these relations can be used in the presence of noisy data to determine a compatible set of χ and with an unconstrained minimization. If available, information about the shape of the noise can be included in the target function. We show that in this case the compatible set obtained has a reduced error with respect to the noisy data.