Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel microstrip antenna element and 2‐by‐2 array for satellite TV receivers

A new microstrip antenna element is presented in this article. The proposed antenna is suitable for integration into an array for satellite TV receivers. It has two metal layers only, which reduces its fabrication cost significantly in comparison with other antennas with more layers. The presented results show that the proposed antenna offers wide impedance bandwidth, high isolation between feeding ports, dual‐polarization radiation, low cross‐polarization level, and high radiation efficiency. A 2‐by‐2 array based on the proposed element is also presented in this article. Planar corporate feeding networks with new routing approach are used. The presented results of the new array show that it is suitable for use as a building block for a larger array which can repalce the parabolic dish reflector in satellite TV receivers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 458–463, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24105
Multivariate Time Series Multi-Coclustering. Application to Advanced Driving Assistance System Validation

Driver assistance systems development remains a technical challenge for car manufacturers. Validating these systems requires to assess the assistance systems performances in a considerable number of driving contexts. Groupe Renault uses massive simulation for this task, which allows reproducing the complexity of physical driving conditions precisely and produces large volumes of multivariate time series. We present the operational constraints and scientiﬁc challenges related to these datasets and our proposal of an adapted model-based multiple coclustering approach, which creates several independent partitions by grouping redundant variables. This method natively performs model selection, missing values inference, noisy samples handling, conﬁdence interval production, while keeping a sparse parameter numbers. The proposed model is evaluated on a synthetic dataset, and applied to a driver assistance system validation use-case.
Urban Planning Under Thatcherism: The Challenge of the Market

The post-war consensus and the purpose of planning the nature of Thatcherism re-orientating the state new right thinking - planning under siege modifications to the planning system - development plans modifications to the planning system - development control by-passing the planning system towards a simplified planning system the re-orientation of the planning system.
Analysis and measurement of thermal resistance in a 3-dimensional silicon multichip module populated with assembly test chips

A three-dimensional multichip module (MCM) using a silicon-on-silicon architecture has been constructed to evaluate the thermal performance of various design schemes. The module has three planes of die, each populated of four assembly test chips (ATCs). Each chip has an array of 48 temperature sensing diodes, which are used to map the temperature distribution across the chip surface. The design and construction of the module are discussed and the calibration of the diodes are reviewed. Experimental results are presented for the top surface temperature distribution with the bottom substrate connected to a heat sink. These results are compared to those from a full finite element calculation as well as to results using more approximate thermal analysis tools. <<ETX>>
Chinese cabbage management before and after harvest.

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis) cv. ‘Yuki’ was grown, harvested and stored under various conditions to optimise postharvest quality. Transient water stress, achieved by rewatering when tensiometer readings declined to –35 to –40 kPa (no stress), –55 to –60 kPa (medium stress) or –75 to –80 kPa (high stress), had no effect on water status, trimming loss, quality or sugar levels; neither did the time of day at which harvesting occurred, from dawn to dusk, influence these parameters. This was because of the protection provided by the wrapper and coarse outer leaves; temperature fluctuations were 150% higher in those leaves than the insulated head. Minor cooling delays of 0.5 hours in the field did not affect quality. Postharvest changes in heads stored for up to 3 weeks at 20°C or up to 9 weeks at 0°C or 2°C were mainly a result of water loss and microbial infections on outer leaves, the base, and wound sites, resulting in trimming losses. Chlorophyll breakdown was a minor issue, as inner leaves contain little and outer leaves also generally showed other deteriorative symptoms as well. Postharvest disorders occurred, especially patchy papery necrosis (PPN). PPN was identified as a form of chilling injury; its incidence was most severe during storage at 0°C, little was found at 2°C, and none at 20°C. Injury induced through compression (under 3 kg for 42–48 hrs), dropping (twice from 50 cm), and repeated trimming, compared with not handled heads, induced little product failure such as splitting and did not produce any observable physiological differences. The only exception was that repeatedly trimmed heads produced much less ethylene, as senescing and rotting outer leaves were not present. However, this did not result in different quality or reduced trimming losses at the end of 9 weeks storage.
Classroom Assessment: Minute by Minute, Day by Day In classrooms that use assessment to support learning, teachers continually adapt instruction to meet student needs.

learning. We have to test our students for many reasons. Obviously, such testing should be useful in guiding teaching. Many schools formally test students at the end of a marking period—that is, every 6 to 10 weeks—but the information from such tests is hard to use, for two reasons. First, only a small amount of testing time can be allotted to each standard or skill covered in the marking period. Consequently, the test is better for monitoring overall levels of achievement than for diagnosing specific weaknesses. Second, the information arrives too late to be useful. We can use the results to make broad adjustments to curriculum, such as reteaching or spending more time on a unit, or identifying teachers who appear to be especially successful at teaching particular units. But if educators are serious about using assessment to improve instruction, then we need more fine-grained assessments, and we need to use the information they yield to modify instruction as we teach.
Simulacija razvoja grada primjenom SLEUTH modela u Afyonkarahisar (Turska)

In this study, the change in city growth of Afyonkarahisar in the adjacent area in the future was estimated using the SLEUTH model. The main objective of this study is to show the simulation of the change in the urban growth of Afyonkarahisar until 2030 with the SLEUTH model, a cellular automata model. For this purpose, two different growth scenarios have been developed. As a result of the study, with the current growth scenario, urban development from 2011 to 2030 will increase by 3115 hectares, and it is seen that 2300 hectares of pasture areas will be destroyed with this increase. It is found that 2000 ha of natural areas can be protected from urbanization and the wrong land use of the city's natural resources having social and economic importance can be avoided with the controlled growth scenario.
Leakage scaling in deep submicron CMOS for SoC

In this paper, we demonstrate the effects of CMOS technology scaling on the high temperature characteristics (from 25/spl deg/C to 125/spl deg/C) of the four components of off-state drain leakage (I/sub off/) (i.e. subthreshold leakage (I/sub sub/), gate edge-direct-tunneling leakage (I/sub EDT/), gate-induced drain-leakage (I/sub GIDL/), and bulk band-to-band-tunneling leakage (I/sub B-BTBT/)). In addition, the high temperature characteristics of I/sub off/ with reverse body bias (V/sub B/) for the further reduction of the standby leakage are also demonstrated. The discussion is based on the data measured from three CMOS logic technologies (i.e., low-voltage and high performance (LV), low-power (LP), and ultra-low-power (ULP)) and three generations (0.18 /spl mu/m, 0.15 /spl mu/m, and 0.13 /spl mu/m). Experiments show that the optimum V/sub B/, which minimizes I/sub off/, is a function of temperature. The experiments also show that for CMOS logic technologies of the next generations, it is important to control I/sub B-BTBT/ and I/sub GIDL/ by reducing effective doping concentration and doping gradient. It seems that in order to conform on-state gate leakage (I/sub G-on/) and I/sub EDT/ specifications and to retain a 10-20% performance improvement at the same time, it is indispensable to use high-quality and high-dielectric-constant materials to reduce effective oxide thickness (EOT). The role of each leakage component in SRAM standby current (I/sub SB/) is also analyzed.
Performance Analysis of IEEE 802.11b, 802.15.1 and 802.16a Standards

The ever-expanding and explosive growth of the Internet over the last decade has led to an increasing demand for high-speed, ubiquitous Internet access. Broadband Wireless technologies are increasingly gaining popularity by the successful global deployment of the Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth- IEEE 802.15.1), Wireless Local Area Networks (WiFi- IEEE 802.11b), and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WiMAX- IEEE 802.16a). In this paper we have used the QualNet Simulator to analyze the performance of IEEE 802.11b, 802.15. 1, and 802.16a Standards by varying mobility of the nodes. The performance metrics measured in this study includes end-to-end delay, packet- loss ratio, and throughput. The results show how mobility affects the performance of IEEE 802.11b, 802.15. 1 and 802.16a. A sudden increase in use of mobile devices within the organization, and increase in mobility, has fuelled the demand for Wireless networks. Initially, the technology was slow, expensive and reserved for mobile situations or hostile environments, where cabling was impractical or not feasible to install. With the maturity of industry standards and the deployment of lightweight Wireless devices alter the need of hardware software co-design to overcome the problems of present Wireless scenario. Wireless technology has come of age, which enables two or more computers to communicate using standard network protocols. Wireless networking does not require any fixed infrastructure and cabling (1). This technology has propelled the emergence of cross-vendor industry standards such as IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.15. 1, and IEEE 802.16a. This technology has produced a number of affordable Wireless solutions that are growing in popularity within the organizations for sophisticated applications, where more mobility is required. Performance analysis of any system quantifies the service it delivers which help to justify the feasibility of its operation intended for some purpose. In this paper, the analysis of IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.15. 1 and IEEE 802.16a have been done using QualNet Simulator (10). We have investigated the effect of node movement. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II, is an overview about the IEEE 802.11b, 802.15. 1 and 802.16a. Section III, includes the simulations as well as the results obtained. Finally, Section IV, has the general conclusion of the work.
Seismic Damage to Bridges during the 27 February 2010 Magnitude 8.8 Chile Earthquake

The 27 February 2010 Chile earthquake is currently the fifth-strongest earthquake measured in the world. Despite this fact, the damage to the road infrastructure can be classified as moderate. Of the 6,000 state bridges in the affected region, only about 30 bridges had to be closed to traffic. This paper includes the most pertinent results of a field investigation of the seismic damage to 100 bridges. The majority of the bridges exhibited only minor damage such as concrete spalling, expansion joint damage, and settlement of the embankment. However, severe damage was reported in 19 bridges, including web rupture due to a missing end diaphragm, a span collapse due to insufficient anchorage and missing stoppers, a span collapse due to a small seat length, and cracking at the welding notch in the steel girders. The most important lessons learned are described and recommendations for future bridge designs are given.
웨어러블 디바이스로서의 애플워치 사용자 경험(User Experience)과 사용성 평가 연구

According to the rapid emergence in a field of IoT(Internet of Things) these days, the wearable device users are growing. Out of this, the smart watch, which was developed by Apple company, is relatively preoccupying in the share of supply compared to other devices, but is being indicated a problem in diverse perspectives. IT device, which was early launched, may cause consumers" interest in the regard as saying of reviving new technology, but solidifies negative perception on its brand as well given being unable to satisfy consumers" needs. The purpose of this study is to suggest the design direction for improving the better usability in smart watch by reflecting UX of users who are accustomed to smart phone. For this, it surveyed the present status of IoT and wearable device and classified its evaluation criteria into 5 things such as usability, practicability, aesthetics, availability and offline issue in order to evaluate usability in UX. Moreover, a questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview were carried out by dividing apple-watch users based on age group. As a result, it was pointed out the necessity of functional upgrade, which makes it available for being driven within apple watch as for the contents that are light in communication speed or trans-information rate, by considering a part of being created a problem about a drop in value or utilization as a smart watch when the linkage with a smart phone is released. In addition, a plan was demanded for utilizing WiFi function itself embedded in apple watch. Also, there will be a need to be developed killer contents that only apple watch can do, as well as the linkage with a smart phone, and to be continuously developed diverse APPs that reflect the life environment and the demand of consumers at home and abroad in addition to the basic APP that is provided by Apple company. In conclusion, this study is expected to be likely able to contribute to understanding a change in user experience that is given by apple watch, which is a wearable device, and to developing as a smart watch with high perfection that reflects the needs and the usability of users henceforth.
Soft-Unbalance Operation for Power Routing in Multiphase Drives

The unbalanced operation of multiphase drives has been adopted for the fault-tolerance purpose in mission critical applications. However, the higher number of phases increases the number of devices and the probability of thermal mismatches among them. Indeed, parametric mismatches, thermal cross coupling, inhomogeneous cooling, and uneven degradation have been reported as root causes of critical thermal deviation among power semiconductor devices. Consequently, a higher temperature in a subset of devices provokes degradation unevenness and a lifetime reduction of the whole power converter. In modular systems, for example, power routing has been proposed to better distribute the temperature among the high number of devices and overcome this problem. Although not modular, the capability of a multiphase machine to operate under unbalanced condition allows an uneven power distribution without overloading the phases and degrading the machine magnetic performance. Therefore, this work investigates the soft-unbalance operation for power routing in multiphase drives. To validate the presented solutions, finite-element analysis based in a real multiphase system is conducted. Additionally, experimental results show the multiphase machine performance in soft-unbalanced conditions. Moreover, a case study is carried out to evaluate the impact of the power routing on the lifetime of a high power mission critical application.
Rotational Seismic Load Definition in Eurocode 8, Part 6, for Slender Tower-Shaped Structures

This note describes the rotational seismic load definition as included in Part 6 of Eurocode 8 (EC8.6, 2005). The Eurocode 8, Part 6 (EC8.6, 2005), definition of the rotational ground-motion component depends upon the structural subsoil compliance, which is controlled by the shear-wave velocity in the top 30 m of ground. A comparison of the effects of the rocking ground motion and the horizontal ground motion on the response of a 160 m reinforced concrete chimney shows that for the Eurocode 8, Part 6 (EC8.6, 2005), definition of the rotational seismic ground motion, the rocking excitations contribute significantly to the overall response of the structure. The engineering code formulas for the rocking component of ground motion, however, should be calibrated and reconciled with the results of the latest empirical research.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DISTANCE TO HEALTH FACILITIES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN RELATION TO THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Quality of menopaused women’s life is influenced by several factors such as age, education level, occupation, and physical activity. Quality of life has concepts such as physical well-being, functional ability, and emotional or social well-being which ultimately lead to changes in individuals. Objective: to analyze factors related to the quality of postmenopausal women’s life. Methods: This observational analytic study used a cross sectional design. The population was all postmenopausal women who filled out online questionnaires using google forms distributed through social media with a sampling technique of convenience sampling with a total of 56 respondents. The instruments used in this study were the MENQoL (Menopause Specific Quality of Life) questionnaire and the husband's support questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using Chi Square Test. Results: This study showed that there was a relationship of physical activity which had a significant value of (p= 0.001) and the distance to health facilities (p= 0.043) to the quality of life of postmenopausal women. Conclusion: Physical activity and distance to health facilities affect the quality of life of postmenopausal women.
Improved WGMAP image restoration

Considering that the high-frequency sub-band can gather most energy of noise by the wavelet decomposition, and the local variances in edge and noise change inconsistently, the real edges of images are separated from the noise by choosing an appropriate threshold value in each high-frequency sub-bands of wavelet domain, while the WGMAP method is used to restore the images. Experimental results show that the images reconstructed by the improved algorithm reproduce preferably the edge structures of original images; and the signal to noise ratio and the visual effect are significantly improved.
CORRUGATED HORN ANTENNAS: A REVIEW

In this paper, basic review and design of the corrugated horn is presented. The dependence of radiation pattern of corrugated horn depends on many parameters, so design parameter are discussed and based on discussion the mode converter with variable depth slot is designed which shows good characteristics like return loss and pattern symmetry on given frequency range.
Fabrication large area photonic crystals with periodic waveguide by one-step holographic lithography based on spatial light modulator

A one-step introduction of functional defects into a photonic crystal (PC) is demonstrated. By using a multi-beam phasecontrolled holographic lithography and a diffracting optical element, large area one dimensional (1D) and two dimensional (2D) PCs with periodic waveguide were fabricated. The uniform area is up to 4 mm2, and tens of waveguide have been introduced in the one dimension and two dimension PC structure. This technique gives rise to a substantial reduction of the fabrication complexity and a significant improvement on the accuracy of the functional defects in photonic crystals. This method can also been used to design and fabricate metamaterials.
An Ultraminiaturized Frequency Selective Surface With Angular and Polarization Stability

This letter presents the design and testing of a novel triple-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) with ultraminiaturization for electromagnetic shielding applications. The proposed unit cell is constructed using meandered lines running along the three layers and they are interconnected using metalized vias to increase the electrical length of FSS. The FSS is designed to offer band stop resonance at L-band frequency with a foot-print of 0.022 λo × 0.022 λowith a thickness of 0.006 λo and it provides at least 38% of miniaturization in comparison with similar literature. To validate the transmission performance, a prototype FSS with a periodicity of 6 mm is fabricated. The FSS consists of 2500 elements arranged in a 50 × 50 square lattice. The transmission performance of the proposed FSS is verified using simulation and experiment. The proposed FSS has rotational symmetry and hence it is polarization insensitive. Furthermore, the FSS offers excellent angular stability up to the maximum incidence angle of 60° under both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes of operation. The proposed FSS can be used for shielding applications in global positioning systems tracking and aircraft surveillance systems.
Design of a 3–5‐GHz ultrawideband BiFET mixer using 0.35‐μm SiGE BiCMOS technology

A fully integrated ultrawideband (UWB) bipolar cascode with metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (BiFET) mixer using standard commercial 0.35‐μm silicon germanium bipolar complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology was first proposed and fabricated in this study. This presented BiFET mixer using bipolar junction transistor as the transconductor stage and metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor as the switch stage to achieve noise power and linearity trade‐off. This 3–5‐GHz UWB mixer achieves a conversion gain of 4.5 ± 0.5 dB at the designed band. The mixer core draws a current of 2.5 mA from a supply voltage of 3 V, while consumes chip area of 0.9 × 0.9 mm2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 965–968, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22305
TIRES AND TRACKS IN AGRICULTURE

The question of the use of tires and tracks on agricultural prime movers is again surfacing. The four-wheel drive market is growing fast, particularly in areas where crawlers have been popular. The relative performance characteristics of tires and tracks are compared in agricultural soil conditions. Performance analysis shows that a four-wheel drive tractor should have a 22 percent higher productivity than a similar weighted track layer in a firm soil. This is due to the higher axle power of the four-wheel drive tractor. A track layer should outproduce a four-wheel drive of equal axle power (with proper weight-to-power) by 12 percent. A four-wheel drive tractor had a 36-50 percent higher productivity than a similar weighted track layer in sugarcane conditions for several tillage operations. For similar weighted tractors, owning and operating costs per hectare for a four-wheel drive tractor were 33 percent less than that for a track layer. No significant differences in soil compaction between crawler and four-wheel drive tractors were found in field experiments. There was no significant compaction below the tillage zone for both tractors. Theoretical predictions agreed well with field experiments.