Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A parameterization of slantwise convection in the WRF model

In this study, we introduce a parameterization scheme for slantwise convection (SC) to be considered for models that are too coarse to resolve slantwise convection explicitly (with a horizontal grid spacing coarser than 15 km or less). This SC scheme operates in a locally defined 2D cross-section perpendicular to the deep-layer-averaged thermal wind. It applies momentum tendency to adjust the environment toward slantwise neutrality with a prescribed adjustment timescale. Condensational heating and the associated moisture loss are also considered. To evaluate the added value of the SC scheme, we implement it in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to supplement the existing cumulus parameterization schemes for upright convection and test for two different numerical setups: a 2D idealized, unforced release of conditional symmetric instability (CSI) in an initially conditionally stable environment, and a 3D real-data precipitation event containing both CSI and conditional instability along the cold front of a cyclonic storm near the UK. Both test cases show significant improvements for the coarse-gridded (40-km) simulations when parameterizing slantwise convection. Compared to the 40-km simulations with only the upright convection scheme, the counterparts with the additional SC scheme exhibit a larger extent of CSI neutralization, generate a stronger grid-resolved slantwise circulation, and produce greater amounts of precipitation, all in better agreement with the corresponding fine-gridded reference simulations. Given the importance of slantwise convection in midlatitude weather systems, our results suggest that there exist potential benefits of parameterizing slantwise convection in general circulation models.
The control and monitoring system for the Adour 900

Looks at an aircraft engine manufacturer’s use of an electronic system to enhance an existing product. During the early 1990s Rolls‐Royce studied the changing military market and compared its range of engines with potential business opportunities. The trainer/light combat powerplant was one area where there was potential to develop its position. As a result of the continuing success of the BAe Hawk and Boeing Goshawk aircraft and the expectation of new sales well into the next century, the decision was taken to launch a new version of the Adour engine. Thus in 1996 Rolls‐Royce launched the Adour 900, based on the current, well‐proven Mark 871, but offering thrust growth, improved life cycle costs and enhanced functionality. Central to the concept of the Adour 900 is a new Full Authority Digital Engine Controller with integrated Engine Health Monitoring. Examines the features of the FADEC and EHM System, showing how they have been tailored to meet the needs of a modern trainer aircraft without sacrificing retrofit capability. Attention is also given to the development process which had to ensure the demanding design targets were met within the cost and timescale constraints.
An Improved Method of Brushless DC Motors with Torque Constant Estimation for Home

The use of brushless dc motors is widely increasing in home appliances, military applications and various other industries due to their high power-to-volume ratio, simple structure, high efficiency and low cost. Comparing to the permanent-magnet synchronous machine, the BLDCM has higher power/weight and higher torque/current ratio. For proper commutation of the phase currents, the rotor position must be obtained with position devices. However, there are some constraints to installing position sensors to BLDCMs. These constraints include severe driving environments, cost burden, drive volume and reliability. Many sensors less control algorithms have The back EMF can be easily obtained from the voltage equation of the BLDCM. The estimated back EMF decreases simultaneously with the estimated torque constant at the commutation point. By using this phenomenon, the commutation of the phase currents can be done automatically at the drop point of the estimated torque constant. Unlike conventional back-EMF-based methods, the proposed method provides highly accurate sensor less operation even under low speeds because only the drop of the torque constant is used for position detection and current commutation. Therefore, the position accuracy is not affected by the electric parameter errors of the BLDCM. Also, this algorithm does not require an additional hardware circuit for position detection.
Co-visibility and pedagogy: innovation and challenge at the High Museum of Art

Museum space is arranged not only to present but also to help understand displays. Patterns of visitor movement and the co-visibility of displays act as pedagogical media. This paper traces the recent history of the interior of the High Museum of Art, in Atlanta, and identifies radical transformations in the interaction between architectural setting, exhibition design and curatorial intention. The original 1983 second-floor layout, designed by Meier, created ‘rooms within rooms’, privileged cross views and provided a web of vistas cutting through spatial layers of displays and meandering paths of movement, even as the structural grid notated an abstract overall order. Thus, it supported comparisons and a multiplicity of points of view rather than a rigid classificatory scheme. Also, it challenged focused frontal viewing and hence traditional curatorial approaches. The 1997 second-floor layout, by Scogin and Elam, masterfully deployed a formal exhibition language that resonated with Meier's architecture in order to implement a different curatorial programme, based on well-defined sequences of movement and controlled visual frames. The aim was not to impose an historical or stylistic classification, but rather to confront visitors with orchestrated assemblies of displays linking art to themes such as life, faith, the human figure or the city. In 2003, Lord Aeck and Sargent designed a new layout which reproduced the original ‘rooms within rooms’ implemented by Meier, whilst reducing the intricacy of internal subdivision and promoting less complex vistas. The evolution of interiors in Meier's original building stands in contrast to the simpler layout of Piano's 2005 extension for the High where architecture assumes the rôle of a more neutral and elegant background to the art works. These contrasts, their programmatic generators and their experiential consequences are documented and analysed as a case study in the pedagogical functions of museum space.
Elaboración y evaluación del valor nutrimental, nutracéutico y sensorial de una barra horneada de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) y avena (Avena sativa)

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) consumption has gained interest in the past years due to their nutritional and nutraceutical properties. It is well known that cereals-legumes combination provide an adequate nutrients balance. The aim of this work was evaluating the nutritional, nutraceutical and sensorial properties of a snack bar made of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and oats (Avena sativa). Two focus groups with a total of fifteen participants were conducted to identify key attributes expected by consumers related to texture and flavor. A mixture design was used to obtain 27 formulations; each one was elaborated with Negro 8025 and Bayo Madero bean flour and evaluated in a ranking test (18 semi-trained panelists, 5 sessions). Sam ples with thehighest ranking were denominated L30 and L48, both containing Bayo Madero bean flour and oatmeal in a ratio of 23.4%-16.9% and 24.6%-18.9%, respectively. Chemical composition, total fiber, oligosaccharides, total phenolics, and flavonoids content, and antioxidant capacity were analyzed for both. Protein (12.54% ± 0.05) and lipid content (14.86% ± 0.18) in L30 and L48 bars were higher and lower than an oatmeal bar used as control and than a commercial bar. Total fiber mean values were 32.46% ± 0.19, for both bars. Raffinose content was higher in L30 (8.22 ± 0.35 mg/g). L30 bar showed the highest values of antioxidant capacity (6.17 ± 0.21 trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in DPPH assay) and total flavonoids (5.64 ± 0.51mg rutin equivalent/g). Texture was evaluated, being L30 crispier and less hard than a commercial snack bar. Moisture adsorption isotherms at 25°C, 35°C and 45°C were determined over a water activity range of 0.2 to 0.9. All samples exhibited a type III isotherm (Brunauer classification). Acceptance test (9-point hedonic scale) showed that a commercial snack received higher overall acceptance than L30 and control. Texture and flavor attributes were scored as just-about-right only for the commercial snack. The results suggest that the bean-oat snack bar is a healthy alternative to improve bean consumption, although sensory must be optimized.
Optimised space vector switching sequences for multilevel inverters

Previous work has shown that space vector modulation and carrier modulation for two-level inverters achieve the same phase leg switching sequences when appropriate zero sequence offsets are added to the reference waveforms for carrier modulation. This paper presents a similar equivalence between the phase disposition carrier and space vector modulation strategies applied to diode clamped, cascaded N-level or hybrid multilevel inverters. By analysis of the time integral trajectory of the converter voltage, the paper shows that the optimal harmonic profile for a space vector modulator occurs when the two middle space vectors are centred in each switching cycle. The required zero sequence offset to achieve this centring for an equivalent carrier based modulator is then determined. The results can be applied to any multilevel converter topology without differentiation. Discontinuous behaviour is also examined, with the space vector and carrier based modulation methods shown to similarly produce identical performance. Both simulation and experimental results are presented.
Failure to Recognize Fake Internet Popup Warning Messages

“Warning, your computer is infected with spyware. Windows needs to download and install the anti-spyware updates to remedy this issue. Click OK to begin. ” This is just one example of many popup warnings that spyware and malware creators use to try to mislead unsuspecting Internet users into downloading potentially harmful software. Falling prey to an illegitimate message could produce negative consequences that vary from bothersome computer performance to complete system failure. The purpose of this study was to determine which visual design cues, if any, would alert people to the illegitimacy of fake popup warning windows while browsing the Internet. Results indicated that most people did not behave in a cautious manner upon presentation of three different fake popup warning windows. Implications of the research are discussed.
High T/sub c/ superconducting frequency selective surfaces and their theoretical computer modeling

The authors report the results of measurements of quasi-optical millimeter-wave bandpass filters (frequency selective surface structure) fabricated using YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ high-T/sub c/ superconductor thin films. The W-band (75-110 GHz) filter consisted of asymmetric two-dimensional cross arrays. Transmitted power through the filter was investigated as a function of both temperature and frequency. At 15 K and 92 GHz, a factor-of-2 improvement in the superconducting filter Q-factor was observed compared to a gold filter of identical design. More than an order-of-magnitude improvement in Q-factor is expected at lower frequencies (X-band) due to the frequency-squared dependence of the superconductor surface resistance versus that of a normal metal which has a frequency-to-the-one-half dependence. In addition, theoretical computer modeling of the superconducting frequency selective surface structure is discussed. <<ETX>>
The WGD—A Dataset of Assembly Line Working Gestures for Ergonomic Analysis and Work-Related Injuries Prevention

This paper wants to stress the importance of human movement monitoring to prevent musculoskeletal disorders by proposing the WGD—Working Gesture Dataset, a publicly available dataset of assembly line working gestures that aims to be used for worker’s kinematic analysis. It contains kinematic data acquired from healthy subjects performing assembly line working activities using an optoelectronic motion capture system. The acquired data were used to extract quantitative indicators to assess how the working tasks were performed and to detect useful information to estimate the exposure to the factors that may contribute to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed indicators can be exploited to early detect incorrect gestures and postures and, consequently to prevent work-related disorders. The approach is general and independent on the adopted motion analysis system. It wants to provide indications for safely performing working activities. For example, the proposed WGD can also be used to evaluate the kinematics of workers in real working environments thanks to the adoption of unobtrusive measuring systems, such as wearable sensors through the extracted indicators and thresholds.
Service life prediction of wooden components - Part 1: Determination of dose-response functions for above ground decay.

Scots pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Douglas fir heartwood (Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco) specimens were exposed in double layer field trials at 24 different European test sites under different exposure conditions (in total 28 test sets). The material climate in terms of wood moisture content (MC) and wood temperature was automatically recorded over a period of up to eight years and compared with the progress of decay. The final results of the study are presented within this paper. Significant differences among the test sites were observed regarding the time lag between the start of exposure and the onset of decay as well as the progress of decay. The overall aim of this study was to establish dose-response relationships between climate factors and decay as a basis for service life prediction of wooden components. The use of the combined material climatic parameters MC and wood temperature led to a feasible dose-response function and turned out to be a useful basis for service life prediction. How to apply this approach for estimating the expected lifetime of wooden components under various exposure conditions will be shown in part 2 of this series.
Measuring Which-Path Information with Coupled Electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometers

We theoretically investigate a generalized "which-path" measurement on an electronic Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) implemented via Coulomb coupling to a second electronic MZI acting as a detector. The use of contextual values, or generalized eigenvalues, enables the precise construction of which-path operator averages that are valid for any measurement strength from the available drain currents. The form of the contextual values provides direct physical insight about the measurement being performed, providing information about the correlation strength between system and detector, the measurement inefficiency, and the proper background removal. We find that the detector interferometer must display maximal wave-like behavior to optimally measure the particle-like which-path information in the system interferometer, demonstrating wave-particle complementarity between the system and detector. We also find that the degree of quantum erasure that can be achieved by conditioning on a specific detector drain is directly related to the ambiguity of the measurement. Finally, conditioning the which-path averages on a particular system drain using the zero frequency cross-correlations produces conditioned averages that can become anomalously large due to quantum interference; the weak coupling limit of these conditioned averages can produce both weak values and detector-dependent semi-weak values.
The helicone—A circularly polarized antenna with low sidelobe level

An axial mode helix in a conical horn produces a circularly polarized pencil beam of low sidelobe level over a 2-to-1 bandwidth. The gain of the combination or "helicone" is four times that of a simple helix of the same length and the sidelobes are 15 to 20 dB lower.
Nichtalkoholische Steatohepatitis (NASH) und alkoholische Steatohepatitis (ASH)

Eine Fettlebererkrankung kann durch übermäßigen Alkoholkonsum (Alcoholic Liver Disease, ALD), Dysmetabolismus oder andere Umwelteinflüsse ausgelöst werden, die zu Steatohepatitis führen und sich zu chronischem Leberversagen weiterentwickeln können, insbesondere wenn spezifische genetische Determinanten vorhanden sind. Während das metabolische Syndrom und der Alkoholkonsum die beiden Hauptursachen für chronische Lebererkrankungen sind, überwiegt oft eine der beiden Erkrankungen und die andere fungiert als Cofaktor. Adipositas und Alkohol wirken synergistisch im Hinblick auf das Risiko einer Fibroseprogression, Leberkarzinogenese und Erhöhung der Mortalität. Genetische Polymorphismen können den Krankheitsverlauf stark beeinflussen.
Efficient Fault Diagnosis Algorithm in Dynamic Internet Service Environment

Dynamic changes in service environment will affect fault diagnosis algorithm. In order to reduce the impact, challenges of fault diagnosis in dynamic environment are analyzed in this paper. Multi-layer management model is presented to model the service system, Bipartite Bayesian network is chosen to model the dependency relationship and binary symmetric channel is chosen to model noises. To deal with the dynamic fault set caused by fault recovery mechanism, prior fault probability is modified based on fault persistent time statistic; To deal with the dynamic model, expected model is built based on the time of observing symptoms and original models in current window. Simulation results show that this fault diagnosis algorithm is efficient in dynamic Internet service environment.
A deep matrix factorization framework for identifying underlying tissue-specific patterns of DCE-MRI: applications for molecular subtype classification in breast cancer

Objective. Breast cancer is heterogeneous in that different angiogenesis and blood flow characteristics could be present within a tumor. The pixel kinetics of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can assume several distinct signal patterns related to specific tissue characteristics. Identification of the latent, tissue-specific dynamic patterns of intratumor heterogeneity can shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of tumors. Approach. To mine this information, we propose a deep matrix factorization-based dynamic decomposition (DMFDE) model specifically designed according to DCE-MRI characteristics. The time-series imaging data were decomposed into tissue-specific dynamic patterns and their corresponding proportion maps. The image pixel matrix and the reference matrix of population-level kinetics obtained by clustering the dynamic signals were used as the inputs. Two multilayer neural network branches were designed to collaboratively project the input matrix into a latent dynamic pattern and a dynamic proportion matrix, which was justified using simulated data. Clinical implications of DMFDE were assessed by radiomics analysis of proportion maps obtained from the tumor/parenchyma region for classifying the luminal A subtype. Main results. The decomposition performance of DMFDE was evaluated by the root mean square error and was shown to be better than that of the conventional convex analysis of mixtures (CAM) method. The predictive model with K = 3, 4, and 5 dynamic proportion maps generated AUC values of 0.780, 0.786 and 0.790, respectively, in distinguishing between luminal A and nonluminal A tumors, which are better than the CAM method (AUC = 0.726). The combination of statistical features from images with different proportion maps has the highest prediction value (AUC = 0.813), which is significantly higher than that based on CAM. Conclusion. This proposed method identified the latent dynamic patterns associated with different molecular subtypes, and radiomics analysis based on the pixel compositions of the uncovered dynamic patterns was able to determine molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Ultraviolet Treatment of Titanium to Enhance Adhesion and Retention of Oral Mucosa Connective Tissue and Fibroblasts

Peri-implantitis is an unsolved but critical problem with dental implants. It is postulated that creating a seal of gingival soft tissue around the implant neck is key to preventing peri-implantitis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of UV surface treatment of titanium disks on the adhesion strength and retention time of oral connective tissues as well as on the adherence of mucosal fibroblasts. Titanium disks with a smooth machined surface were prepared and treated with UV light for 15 min. Keratinized mucosal tissue sections (3 × 3 mm) from rat palates were incubated for 24 h on the titanium disks. The adhered tissue sections were then mechanically detached by agitating the culture dishes. The tissue sections remained adherent for significantly longer (15.5 h) on the UV-treated disks than on the untreated control disks (7.5 h). A total of 94% of the tissue sections were adherent for 5 h or longer on the UV-treated disks, whereas only 50% of the sections remained on the control disks for 5 h. The adhesion strength of the tissue sections to the titanium disks, as measured by tensile testing, was six times greater after UV treatment. In the culture studies, mucosal fibroblasts extracted from rat palates were attached to titanium disks by incubating for 24, 48, or 96 h. The number of attached cells was consistently 15–30% greater on the UV-treated disks than on the control disks. The cells were then subjected to mechanical or chemical (trypsinization) detachment. After mechanical detachment, the residual cell rates on the UV-treated surfaces after 24 and 48 h of incubation were 35% and 25% higher, respectively, than those on the control surfaces. The remaining rate after chemical detachment was 74% on the control surface and 88% on the UV-treated surface for the cells cultured for 48 h. These trends were also confirmed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with an intense expression of vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, on the UV-treated disks even after detachment. The UV-treated titanium was superhydrophilic, whereas the control titanium was hydrophobic. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) chemical analysis revealed that the amount of carbon at the surface was significantly reduced after UV treatment, while the amount of TiOH molecules was increased. These ex vivo and in vitro results indicate that the UV treatment of titanium increases the adhesion and retention of oral mucosa connective tissue as a result of increased resistance of constituent fibroblasts against exogenous detachment, both mechanically and chemically, as well as UV-induced physicochemical changes of the titanium surface.