Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsteady boundary layer flow of Williamson nanofluids over a heated permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation

The main objective of this paper is to focus on a numerical study of unsteady boundary layer flow of Williamson Nanofluids over a heated permeable stretching sheet embedded in porous medium in the presence of viscous dissipation. A mathematical modeled which resembles the physical flow problem has been developed. By using an appropriate transformation, we converted the system of dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations into system of coupled dimensionless ordinary differential equations. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by Runge-Kutta fourth order with shooting method. The velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are discussed numerically and presented through graphs. The numerical values of reduced skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number at the plate are derived and discussed numerically for various values of physical parameters which are presented through tables. The present results have been compared with existing one for some limiting case and found excellent validation. It is analyzed that the reduced skin friction coefficient enhances with increasing values of an unsteady parameter, magnetic parameter and porosity parameter. In addition, we observe that decrement in velocity profile of the fluid flow is observed for increasing values of the non-Newtonian Williamson parameter and a rise in Eckert number leads to the enhancement of the temperature of the fluid in the thermal boundary layer.
Analysis of Electric Vehicles with an Economic Perspective for the Future Electric Market

The automotive industry is marching towards cleaner energy in the impending future. The need for cleaner energy is promoted by the government to a large degree in the global market in order to reduce pollution. Automobiles contribute to an upper scale in regard to the level of pollution in the environment. For cleaner energy in automobiles, the industry needs to be revolutionized in all needed ways to a massive extent. The industry has to move from the traditional internal combustion engine, for which the main sources of energy are nonrenewable sources, to alternative methods and sources of energy. The automotive industry is now focusing on electric vehicles, and more research is being highlighted from vehicle manufacturers to find solutions for the problems faced in the field of electrification. Therefore, to accomplish full electrification, there is a long way to go, and this also requires a change in the existing infrastructure in addition to many innovations in the fields of infrastructure and grid connectively as well as the economic impacts of electric vehicles in society. In this work, an analysis of the electric vehicle market with the economic impacts of electric vehicles is studied. This therefore requires the transformation of the automotive industry.
Influence of Heat Control on Properties and Residual Stresses of Additive-Welded High-Strength Steel Components

Advanced high-performance filler metals for wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) exist on the market already. Nevertheless, these high-strength steels are not yet widely used in industrial applications due to limited knowledge of cold-cracking susceptibility, welding residual stresses, and therefore sufficient safety in terms of manufacturing and operation. High residual stresses promote cold-cracking risk, especially in the welding of high-strength steels, as the result of a complex interaction between the applied material, process conditions, and component design. The focus of the present investigation was the determination of the influence of the process parameters on the ∆t8/5 cooling time, mechanical properties, and residual stresses to correlate, for the first time, heat control, cooling conditions, and residual stress for WAAM of high-strength filler materials. This contributed to the knowledge regarding the safe avoidance of cold cracking. In addition to a thermophysical simulation using a dilatometer of different high-strength steels with subsequent tensile testing, reference WAAM specimens (open hollow cuboids) were welded while utilizing a high-strength filler metal (ultimate tensile strength > 790 MPa). The heat control was varied by means of the heat input and interlayer temperature such that the ∆t8/5 cooling times corresponded to the recommended processing range (approx. 5 s to 20 s). For the heat input, significant effects were exhibited, in particular on the local residual stresses in the component. Welding with an excessive heat input or deposition rate may lead to low cooling rates, and hence to unfavorable microstructure and component properties, but at the same time, is intended to result in lower tensile residual stress levels. Such complex interactions must ultimately be clarified to provide users with easily applicable processing recommendations and standard specifications for an economical WAAM of high-strength steels. These investigations demonstrated a major influence of the heat input on both the cooling conditions and the residual stresses of components manufactured with WAAM using high-strength filler materials. A higher heat input led to longer cooling times (∆t8/5) and approx. 200 MPa lower residual stresses in the surface of the top layer.
A numerical model for simulating soil moisture dynamics and root water uptake under saline irrigation

ABSTRACT In the present study, a numerical model is developed to simulate the soil moisture flow and root water uptake under the limiting conditions in the root zone. The model solves the Richards equation by a mass conservative fully implicit finite difference scheme. The model is applied to two problems, i.e. numerical experiments on wheat grown in silt loam and sandy loam soils with three saline irrigations (with electrical conductivities 0.5, 15, 30 dS/m), and field irrigation experiments on rice crop grown with saline irrigations (with electrical conductivities 0.5, 7.9, 14.7 dS/m) with varying matric and osmotic stress conditions. The results show that the model performs well for both the cases and can be used for simulating root water uptake and scheduling of irrigation events. The model finds application in predicting root zone soil moisture for scheduling irrigation events for optimum crop yield in different agro-climate conditions, where treated waste water is used in conjunction with fresh water.
Cancer-Induced Metabolic Rewiring of Tumor Endothelial Cells

Simple Summary Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones, is a complex and demanding biological process that plays an important role in physiological, as well as pathological conditions, including cancer. During tumor growth, the induction of angiogenesis allows tumor cells to grow, invade, and metastasize. Recent evidence supports endothelial cell metabolism as a critical regulator of angiogenesis. However, whether and how tumor endothelial cells rewire their metabolism in cancer remains elusive. In this review, we discussed the metabolic signatures of tumor endothelial cells and their symbiotic, competitive, and mechanical metabolic interactions with tumor cells. We also discussed the recent works that may provide a rationale for attractive metabolic targets and strategies for developing specific therapies against tumor angiogenesis. Abstract Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. If left untreated, tumors tend to grow and spread uncontrolled until the patient dies. To support this growth, cancer cells need large amounts of nutrients and growth factors that are supplied and distributed to the tumor tissue by the vascular system. The aberrant tumor vasculature shows deep morphological, molecular, and metabolic differences compared to the blood vessels belonging to the non-malignant tissues (also referred as normal). A better understanding of the metabolic mechanisms driving the differences between normal and tumor vasculature will allow the designing of new drugs with a higher specificity of action and fewer side effects to target tumors and improve a patient’s life expectancy. In this review, we aim to summarize the main features of tumor endothelial cells (TECs) and shed light on the critical metabolic pathways that characterize these cells. A better understanding of such mechanisms will help to design innovative therapeutic strategies in healthy and diseased angiogenesis.
More than the Sum of Their Parts: Approaches to Understand a Network of Plans

Communities create a variety of plans that collectively shape future development patterns. Methodological approaches to analyze multiple plans and their relationships have been underdeveloped. We compare four complementary methodological approaches to study the relationships between plans: (1) cross-referencing, (2) plan quality evaluation, (3) plan integration for resilience scorecard, and (4) social network analysis. We apply each approach to Boston’s network of plans to understand how the city’s plans together address current and future flooding. We find relatively strong integration of plans in Boston. When combined, these four approaches provide a more comprehensive framework for understanding networks of plans.
Demystifying Android Non-SDK APls: Measurement and Understanding

During the Android app development, the SDK is essential, which provides rich APIs to facilitate the implementations of functional-ities. However, in the Android framework, there still exist plenty of non-SDK APIs that are not well documented. These non-SDK APIs can be invoked through unconventional ways, such as Java reflection. On the other hand, these APIs are not stable and may be changed or even removed in future Android versions, providing no guarantee for compatibility. From Android 9 (API level 28), Google began to strictly restrict the use of non-SDK APIs, and the corresponding checking mechanism has been integrated into the Android OS. In this work, we systematically study the use and design of Android non-SDK APIs. Notably, we propose four research questions covering the restriction mechanism, the present usage status, malicious usage, and the API list evolution. To answer these questions, we conducted a large-scale measurement based on over 200K apps and the source code of three recent Android versions. As a result, a series of exciting and valuable findings are obtained. For example, Google's restriction is not strong enough and can still be bypassed. Besides, app developers use only a tiny part of non-SDK APIs. Our work provides new knowledge to the research community and can help researchers improve the Android API designs.
Hack the Heap: Heap Layout Manipulation made Easy

Heap layout manipulation — the act of changing the heap layout to the benefit of the attacker — is a key challenge when exploiting heap vulnerabilities. Heap layout manipulation is a hard problem even for experienced exploit developers, due to the complex ways in which even simple operations affect the layout of the heap. Furthermore, different allocators can produce vastly different heap layouts for a given set of operations, and understanding these internal implementation differences is extremely time-consuming and error-prone. Existing work either focuses only on specific types of applications, requires access to source code, or produces complex and opaque solutions needing additional reverse engineering work to complete exploits.In this work, we propose Hack the Heap: an online puzzle game that provides direct solutions to the heap layout manipulation problem. The game comes with an extensive tutorial to guide players on how to play, but requires no Computer Science knowledge. Hack the Heap also provides a toolchain to generate heap vulnerability puzzles from unmodified real-world applications. We were able to create and solve puzzles from 2 out of 3 CVEs, both of which reflected a real-world solution to the heap layout manipulation problem. Hack the Heap makes heap layout manipulation easier and hopefully more fun, without sacrificing important information needed for practical exploit development.
Biogeochemical niches and trophic plasticity of shallow and mesophotic corals recovering from mass bleaching

The differential survival of corals and their recovery from oceanic thermal stress is related not only to coral bleaching susceptibility but also physiological plasticity including trophic strategy. We investigated post‐bleaching event recovery of three morphologically diverse, reef‐building coral species from shallow (10 m) and mesophotic (30 m) reefs across the Maldives archipelago. Trophic plasticity was evaluated by carbon and nitrogen contents and stable isotopes of coral hosts and their algal symbionts including isotopic niche position and size. Seawater temperatures recorded before, during, and after the mass coral bleaching event revealed significant thermal stress in both shallow and mesophotic reefs although cumulative warming appeared lower in mesophotic reefs (9.0 vs. 5.9 degree heating weeks, respectively). Ten months following thermal stress, increased nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values in all three coral host species without concurrent changes in water column δ15N indicated enhanced heterotrophic feeding during thermal stress and/or recovery. Host C:N decreased in all species post‐bleaching event while host carbon content (%C) decreased in shallow, more autotrophic populations of two species, suggesting prolonged stress. Host carbon stable isotope (δ13C) values were lower in mesophotic, more heterotrophic populations of two species compared to shallow counterparts. Biogeochemical and isotopic niches both showed different niche specialization among the three species. Consistent shifts in host isotopic niche positions support a conserved host response mechanism (heterotrophy) to oceanic thermal stress, but shallow and mesophotic corals still had not fully recovered almost one year after the bleaching event.
Uma arquitetura para detecção de botnets baseada na análise do tráfego DNS descartado

Botnets são uma das principais ameaças na Internet, capazes de auxiliar na realização de atividades maliciosas. Ao infectar um hospedeiro, um bot tenta comunicar-se com o servidor de comando e controle. Neste ponto, bots recentes utilizam Algoritmos de Geração de Domínios para criarem uma lista de nomes de domínio candidatos a servidores de comando e controle. Uma consequência deste comportamtento é o aumento de respostas negativas do protocolo DNS. Esse tráfego, geralmente descartado ou ignorado pelos administradores de rede, pode ser utilizado para modelar o comportamento de uma botnet. Com base no aumento no número de respostas negativas do protocolo DNS e acesso a amostras coletadas em um ambiente controlado, este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura capaz de gerar modelos de detecção para estes bots. Os experimentos mostraram um nível de acurácia acima de 90% na maioria dos cenários.
Wind Farm Control under Generator Faults

Nowadays, the development trend of wind energy has changed from distributed to large-scale wind farms and from onshore to offshore. The special environment of offshore wind energy makes the operation of wind turbines facing more serious challenges than that of onshore wind energy. One of them is the high generator fault rate. The humidity at sea makes the generator failure rate much higher. The maintenance costs of the generator are also high because offshore maintenance usually needs special equipment, such as service vessels. Offshore maintenance is also limited by weather condition, such as wind and wave. At the same time, offshore wind turbines generally have a larger capacity. So the power loss caused by the same downtime is more massive. The wake effect is also a factor that offshore wind farms have to consider. To solve the problems mentioned above, this thesis studies the control and optimization of offshore wind farms with Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines under generator faults. The objectives include three points: protection of the faulty generator, reduction of the power loss caused by fault, and the optimization of wind farm power. The specific methods are implemented both at the turbine level and the farm level. The generator faults studied in this thesis include generator cooling system fault and inter-turn short-circuit fault in stator windings. The common feature of these two types of faults is that they are both heat-related. The impact of these two heat-related faults is not very serious at the initial stage. However, ignoring the fault will lead to further deterioration of the fault. Therefore, this thesis adopts derating strategies to protect the faulty wind turbine and avoid excessive power loss compared with shut-down. The contribution of this thesis is to propose reasonable strategies at the turbine level and the farm level for reducing the impact of generator fault on the wind turbine and wind farm, thereby improving the fault operation capability of wind turbines and reducing the Operation & Maintenance costs of wind farms. At the turbine level, there are two ways to derate the power of the faulty wind turbine. One is that the faulty wind turbine reduces the faulty phase
Non-Parametric Stochastic Autoencoder Model for Anomaly Detection

—Anomaly detection is a widely studied field in computer science with applications ranging from intrusion detection, fraud detection, medical diagnosis and quality assurance in manufacturing. The underlying premise is that an anomaly is an observation that does not conform to what is considered to be normal. This study addresses two major problems in the field. First, anomalies are defined in a local context, that is, being able to give quantitative measures as to how anomalies are categorized within its own problem domain and cannot be generalized to other domains. Commonly, anomalies are measured according to statistical probabilities relative to the entire dataset with several assumptions such as type of distribution and volume. Second, the performance of a model is dependent on the problem itself. As a machine learning problem, each model has to have parameters optimized to achieve acceptable performance specifically thresholds that are either defined by domain experts of manually adjusted. This study attempts to address these problems by providing a contextual approach to measuring anomaly detection datasets themselves through a quantitative approach called categorical measures that provides constraints to the problem of anomaly detection and proposes a robust model based on autoencoder neural networks whose parameters are dynamically adjusted in order to avoid parameter tweaking on the inferencing stage. Empirically, the study has conducted a relatively exhaustive experiment against existing and state of the art anomaly detection models in a semi-supervised learning approach where the assumption is that only normal data is available to provide insight as to how well the model performs under certain quantifiable anomaly detection scenarios.
Effect of Rotational Speed on the Resistance of NiTi Alloy Endodontic Rotary Files to Cyclic Fatigue—An In Vitro Study

The present study aims to evaluate and contrast the function of the rotational speed of NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files on how resistant they are to dynamic cyclic fatigue. Methods: A total of 150 NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files with similar geometrical design and metallurgical properties were randomly divided into study groups: Group A: 200 rpm (n = 30); Group B: 350 rpm (n = 30); Group C: 500 rpm (n = 30); Group D: reciprocating movement at 350 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion (350 rpm+) (n = 30); and Group E: reciprocating movement at 400 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion (400 rpm+) (n = 30). A dynamic device was designed to carry out dynamic cyclic fatigue tests using artificial root canal systems made from stainless steel with an apical diameter of 250 µm, 5 mm radius of curvature, 60° curvature angle, and 6% taper, and 20 mm in length. A Weibull statistical analysis and ANOVA test were used to analyze the results. Results: The ANOVA analysis showed differences in time to failure among all the study groups that were of statistical significance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: NiTi alloy endodontic rotary files using reciprocating movement at 350 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion exhibit greater resistance to dynamic cyclic fatigue than files used with a reciprocating movement at 400 rpm with 120° counterclockwise and 30° clockwise motion, continuous rotational speed at 200 rpm, continuous rotational speed at 350 rpm, or continuous rotational speed at 500 rpm; it is therefore advisable to use reciprocating movements at a low speed.
Tourism 2021 01EN 001-156.indd

Last Chance Tourism (LCT) is defi ned by tourists' urgent visits to landscapes and seascapes, natural environments and places of social and cultural importance/heritage before they disappear. Th e obliteration of these environments is attributed to the rapid and destructive eff ects of global environmental change and globalization. Th ese infl uences are leading to the demise of natural systems and biodiversity, including in polar regions and coral reef systems. Furthermore, cultures and traditions are also being lost. Scholarly investigations to date have refl ected on the contention between the experiential gain in visiting destinations before they disappear on the one hand, and the losses to, and demise of, those very destinations through such visits. Despite aboveglobal-average rise in temperature, increasingly frequent droughts and fl ooding, as well as rapid globalization, the South African experience on LCT destinations remains under-investigated. Th is paper uses secondary sources to explore current and future destinations where cultural groups are threatened, fauna and fl ora are on the brink of extinction, and landscapes are changing for the worse. Future research opportunities are identifi ed and conceptual concerns are discussed.
A REVIEW ON BIOMECHANICS OF ANIMAL FLIGHT AND SWIMMING

This paper discusses the task and significance of the biomechanics with respect to animal flight and swimming as well as important scientific problems of biomimetic technology in applications. Some aspects relevant to the external biofluid dynamics including scientific problems, present research status, and achievements in China are briefly reviewed. We mainly survey the following issues relevant to the external biofluid dynamics: Gray paradox and the measurement of drag force of fish swimming, characteristics and mechanisms of fish manoeuvrable swimming, the interaction of fish body and the surrounding fluid, unsteady flow controls and power requirements of insect flight, flexible and optimizing aerodynamic characteristics of insect wing, the measurement of kinematic and kinetic quantities for insect and fish free movements.