Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Optimal Supply Air Temperature and Minimum Zone Air Flow Resetting Strategies for VAV Systems

Buildings account for a large portion of the total energy use in the US; therefore, improving the operation of typical variable-air-volume (VAV) systems in buildings can provide a tremendous economic opportunity. ASHRAE Guideline 36 recommends a resetting strategy for supply air temperature (SAT) for VAV systems based on outside air temperature. However, this strategy may not produce optimal performance, particularly when simultaneous cooling and heating occurs in zones. In addition, there is no strategy recommended in the Guideline to reset the zone minimum airflow set point in a single-duct VAV terminal unit with reheat, although this setpoint has a great impact on zone reheat requirements and ventilation efficiency. Thus, this paper introduces new strategies to reset both the SAT and zone minimum airflow rate set points to improve the efficiency of typical VAV systems. The strategies were tested under various conditions through experiments performed in fully instrumented VAV systems located in the HVAC lab at the University of Cincinnati. The experiments were conducted on a chilled-water VAV system that serves three controlled zones with hot-water reheat VAV boxes controlled by a typical commercial BACnet web-based building automation system BAS. The simulation studies were performed using the building energy simulation software EnergyPlus to evaluate the strategies at a larger scale in various locations. The simulation results show that the proposed resetting strategies can provide fan energy savings between 1.6% and 5.7% and heating load savings between 7.7% to 33.7%, depending on the location. The laboratory testing shows that the proposed strategies can provide stable control performance in actual systems as well as achieving the anticipated reheat and fan energy savings. The result offers significant improvements that can be implemented in the Guideline for single-duct VAV system operation and control.
Designing for serendipity in online knowledge communities: An investigation of tag presentation formats and openness to experience

Users increasingly acquire, share, and create knowledge in online knowledge communities, making them massive dynamic knowledge repositories that spark inspiration. While online knowledge communities provide powerful searching tools, they ignore the potential of serendipity in fostering knowledge acquisition. Against this backdrop, this research investigates whether serendipity can be stimulated by design features of communities. Specifically, we examine whether different tag presentation formats may promote serendipity. Two hundred seven participants were randomly assigned to our experimental website that displays one of three tag formats. Results show that users experienced serendipity more frequently while using tag trees than tag clouds, followed by tag lists. Moreover, tag formats moderate how openness to experience affects serendipity. Although openness did not influence serendipity across tag formats, further analysis shows that it significantly decreases serendipity for tag lists, but significantly increases serendipity for tag clouds and trees. Theoretically, these results provide an in‐depth understanding of serendipity that is contingent on the interaction between community design features and personality (e.g., openness to experience). Practically, these findings demonstrate how interface features (e.g., tag presentation formats) facilitate serendipity, thus informing better design of online knowledge communities to improve the efficiency of knowledge acquisition.
Intermolecular and surface forces in atomic-scale manufacturing

Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing (ACSM) aims to provide techniques for manufacturing in various fields, such as circuit manufacturing, high energy physics equipment, and medical devices and materials. The realization of atomic scale material manipulation depending on the theoretical system of classical mechanics faces great challenges. Understanding and using intermolecular and surface forces are the basis for better designing of ACSM. Transformation of atoms based on scanning tunneling microscopy or atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an essential process to regulate intermolecular interactions. Self-assemble process is a thermodynamic process involving complex intermolecular forces. The competition of these interaction determines structure assembly and packing geometry. For typical nanomachining processes including AFM nanomachining and chemical mechanical polishing, the coupling of chemistry and stress (tribochemistry) assists in the removal of surface atoms. Furthermore, based on the principle of triboelectrochemistry, we expect a further reduction of the potential barrier, and a potential application in high-efficiency atoms removal and fabricating functional coating. Future fundamental research is proposed for achieving high-efficiency and high-accuracy manufacturing with the aiding of external field. This review highlights the significant contribution of intermolecular and surface forces to ACSM, and may accelerate its progress in the in-depth investigation of fundamentals.
Effect of Entomopathogenic Fungi and Non-repellent Toxicants Fipronil and Imidacloprid Against Termites: A Review

Non-repellent termiticide such as imidacloprid and fipronil are important to control the subterranean termites. These termiticides effect on the walking and tunneling of subterranean termites in the colony. However, health and environmental concerns related to the use of these termiticide arises question and forced scientific community to focus on alternative, more environmental friendly approaches. Use of microorganisms especially fungi for the control of subterranean termites has gain much attraction in the 40 years as many experimental studies have demonstrated promising output. This method was based on classical biological control with the use of entomopathogenic fungi which can replicate itself in the termite colony and can be transmitted from one individual termite to another, hence creating an epizootic and kill the whole colony. However, lack of positive output in field trial arises concerns about the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi as a potential approach for the control of subterranean termites. Thus, research on the defense system of subterranean termites against the fungal infection started to gain attention in the past decade, however, interaction between termites and fungi is still poorly understood. This review focuses on the use of non-repellent termiticide to control the subterranean termites, problems arises because of these termiticides, alternative methods for subterranean termite control, biological control of fungi using entomopathogenic fungi and defense mechanism of termites triggered in response to fungal interaction.
Narrative review of bovine milk exosomes as a potential therapeutic option for hepatic fibrosis

Background and Objective: Exosomes and their microRNAs (miRNAs) are in the focus of recent research as they modify the homeostasis of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and play key roles in liver fibrogenesis as well as the resolution of hepatic fibrosis (HF). At present, no effective therapy of HF exists. Exosomes and their miRNA cargo are involved in the pathogenesis and resolution of HF. It is the intention of this narrative review to provide basic research evidence for oral administration of bovine milk-derived exosomes (BMEX) as a new treatment option of HF. Methods: English literature published between 2000–2021 were searched using the PubMed database focusing on publications including HF, exosomes, miRNAs, fibrogenic and anti-fibrogenic miRNAs has been performed and related to known effects BMEX and their miRNAs. Key Content and Findings: BMEX and their miRNAs accumulate in the liver after oral administration, are able to transit vascular endothelial cells and may thus reach the space of Disse, where HSCs reside. Dominant BMEX-derived miRNAs (miRNA-148a, miRNA-29s and let-7 family) are known suppressors of fibrogenic transcription factors and signaling components including DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, TLR4, NF- κ B, USP4, SMADs, PDGFB, CTGF, CCKBR, PTHLH, Hedgehog signaling, ATG7 and BECN1. Anti-fibrogenic effects of BMEX may be augmented by co-administration of metformin, a known suppressor of the miRNA sponge lncRNA-H19 further increasing the expression of anti-fibrogenic miRNA-148a, miRNA-29b and let-7 and suppressing the fibrogenic and oncogenic miRNA-21. Conclusions: Presented basic research evidence suggests promising anti-fibrogenic effects of BMEX either alone or combined with other drugs increasing the expression of anti-fibrogenic miRNAs in the treatment of HF. Our narrative review should stimulate future experimental and clinical research. 30 in bovine milk, before and after pasteurization (114,120). These observations imply that the administration of BMEX miRNA-148a may attenuate DNMT1-induced HF. exosomes co-administered with metformin. Bovine milk-derived exosomes (BMEX) may increase the availability of miRNA-148a, let-7 family members and miRNA-29b in hepatic stellate cells. Metformin suppresses H19 and thus further enhances the levels of these anti-fibrogenic miRNAs. Furthermore, metformin reduces the expression of fibrogenic miRNA-21, enhancing the expression of SMAD7. Increased expression of let-7, miRNA-148a, miRNA-29b reduce the expression of TGF- β receptor 1, SMAD2 and SMAD3, respectively, thus synergistically reduce TGF- β signaling, critically involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis as well as epithelial-mesencyhmal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Intelligent detection of vulnerable functions in software through neural embedding‐based code analysis

Software vulnerability is a fundamental problem in cybersecurity, which poses severe threats to the secure operation of devices and systems. In this paper, we propose a new vulnerability detection framework of employing advanced neural embedding. For example, CodeBERT is a large‐scale pre‐trained embedding model for natural language and programming language. It achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on various natural language processing and code analysis tasks, demonstrating improved generalization ability compared with conventional models. The proposed framework encapsulates CodeBERT as a code representation generator and combines it with transfer learning to conduct cross‐project vulnerability detection. Considering the problem of lacking code embedding models on C source code, we extract the knowledge from C source code to fine‐tune the pre‐trained embedding model, so as to better facilitate the detection of function‐level vulnerabilities in C open‐source projects. To address the severe data imbalance issue in real‐world scenarios, we introduce code argumentation idea and use a large number of synthetic vulnerability data to further improve the robustness of the detection method. Experimental results show that the proposed vulnerability detection framework achieves better performance than existing methods.
Changes in the Serum Levels of Cytokines: IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 in Depression with and without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Background: Both depressive disorders (DD) and post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) are caused by immune system dysfunction. Affected individuals show increased proinflammatory cytokine concentration levels. Also, it has been hypothesized that DD and PTSD might be associated with a generalized proinflammatory cytokine signature. The study assessed the concentration of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 in depression alone and with PTSD. Methods: The study involved 460 participants. Out of them, 420 subjects comprised a study group and 40 subjects comprised a control group. Each study group consisted of 60 patients with mild depression (MD), moderate depression (MOD), severe depression (SeD), MD and PTSD (MD + PTSD), MOD and PTSD (MOD + PTSD), SeD and PTSD (SeD + PTSD), and with PTSD alone. All patients had serum concentration of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 measured with ELISA. Results: DD and PTSD are reflected in IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10 concentration levels. It was reported that mean levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8 increase as depression became more severe. A regular decrease in IL-10 concentration levels was noted with the onset and exacerbation of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The findings might be useful when considering chronic inflammation as a potential target or biomarker in depression and PTSD treatment.
High-Performance Photodetectors Based on MoTe2–MoS2 van der Waals Heterostructures

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have got extensive attention for multifunctional device applications in advanced nanoelectronics and optoelectronics, such as field-effect transistors, photodiodes, and solar cells. In our work, we fabricated MoTe2–MoS2 van der Waals heterostructure photodetectors with great performance using the mechanical exfoliation method and restack technique. It is demonstrated that our MoTe2–MoS2 heterostructure photodetector device can operate without bias voltage, possessing a low dark current (10 pA) and high photocurrent on/off ratio (>104). Importantly, the room temperature photoresponsivity of the MoTe2–MoS2 photodetector can reach 110.6 and 9.2 mA W–1 under λ = 532 and 1064 nm incident laser powers, respectively. Our results indicate that the van der Waals heterostructure based on 2D semiconducting materials is expected to play an important role in nanoscale optoelectronic applications.
The Resilience of Biofilm‐Bound Sandy Systems to Cyclic Changes in Shear Stress

Sand‐attached benthic biofilms drive many important biogeological processes and serve as cooperative “ecosystem engineers”. In aquatic environments, biofilms undergo periodic detachment and re‐colonization due to the regular changes in hydrodynamic forcing. However, legacy impacts of past microbial actions on current biofilm formation and the biostabilization of the substratum sands are yet to be fully understood. In this study, a systematic set of flume experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different depositional histories. Changes in the erosion threshold and rate of erosion were determined from the time sequences of suspended sediment concentrations. The contents of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and particle morphology of the biofilm‐bound sandy matrix were analyzed. Surprisingly, biostabilization is disturbance‐stimulated, rather than disturbance‐limited, as previously thought. Bio‐sandy beds cultivated under intensive disturbance presented an EPS accumulation in each cycle, and showed a more rapid increase in bed strength and stability than when rarely disturbed. All colonies from previous cycles exhibited traces of EPS as “footprints”. These stimulated and possibly accelerated the process of recolonization, thereby enhancing the erosion resistance of the bed. In contrast, a stabilized bed was better suited to mature microbial communities. A modified “Windows of Opportunity” framework was therefore put forward. Although biostabilization was not established within short quiescent periods, the system created the “opportunity” to become established in subsequent “windows” by seeding the colonization process. The stabilization, destabilization and re‐stabilization of biofilm may imply a much more important role as ecosystem engineers and is relevant for a range of engineered bio‐systems.
THE ROLE OF SELF CONCEPT TO ENCOURAGE IPHONE USERS’ LOYALTY

Product and brand competition reach the smartphone industries by emphasizing satisfaction and loyalty to the brand. Iphone as a one of prestigious brand has a intense relationship with the consumer's image on themselves, which is known as the self-concept and then can be able to provide consumer loyalty to the brand. The purpose of this research is to explain empirically about 1) The effect of actual and ideal self-concept on the loyalty of iPhone users. The research sample was 100. The sample was taken using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. The selected respondents are Iphone users in Malang City who make personal purchasing decisions with a minimum of one year of use. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results are actual and ideal self-concept provide the loyalty of iPhone users in the city of Malang. The actual and ideal self-concepts have a positive and significant influence on the loyalty of iPhone users.Product and brand competition reach the smartphone industries by emphasizing satisfaction and loyalty to the brand. Iphone as a one of prestigious brand has a intense relationship with the consumer's image on themselves, which is known as the self-concept and then can be able to provide consumer loyalty to the brand. The purpose of this research is to explain empirically about 1) The effect of actual and ideal self-concept on the loyalty of iPhone users. The research sample was 100. The sample was taken using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. The selected respondents are Iphone users in Malang City who make personal purchasing decisions with a minimum of one year of use. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results are actual and ideal self-concept provide the loyalty of iPhone users in the city of Malang. The actual and ideal self-concepts have a positive and significant influence on the loyalty of iPhone users.
Privacy-preserving data mining of cross-border financial flows

Abstract Criminal networks continue to utilize the global financial system to launder their proceeds of crime, despite the broad enactment of anti-money laundering (aml) laws and regulations in many countries. Money laundering consumes capital resources and the tax revenue needed to fund infrastructure development and alleviate poverty in developing market economies. This paper, therefore, expands on the tools available for enabling privacy-preserving data mining in multi-dimensional datasets to combat cross-border money laundering. Most importantly, this paper develops a novel measure for detecting anomalies in cross-border financial networks, allowing financial institutions and regulatory organizations to identify suspicious nodes. The research used a sample dataset comprising international financial transactions and a hypothetical dataset to demonstrate the measure of node importance and the symmetric-key encryption algorithm. The results support the argument that the proposed network measure can detect node anomalies in the cross-border financial flows network, enabling regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies to investigate financial transactions for suspicious activity and criminal conduct. The encryption algorithm can ensure adherence to information privacy laws and policies without compromising data reusability. Hence, the proposed methodology can improve the proactive management of money laundering risks associated with cross-border fund flows for the global financial system’s benefit.
Collaborative Governance dalam Program Desa Percontohan Saemaul Undong di Provinsi Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang collaborative governance dalam program Saemaul Undong di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Program Saemaul Undong dikenal sebagai community driven development yang telah berhasil merubah cara pandang masyarakat pedesaan Korea Selatan. Desa-desa di Korea Selatan memperlihatkan perkembangan dari segi infrastruktur, produksi masyarakat dan juga pola pikir masyarakat menggunakan tiga spirit: diligence, self-help, dan cooperation. Kesuksesan ini kemudian diadopsi oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan melalui model pembangunan pedesaan yang diterapkan di beberapa negara di dunia yang salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Saemaul Undong merupakan hasil Kerjasama sister city antara pemerintah Provinsi DI Yogyakarta dan Provinsi Gyeongsangbukdo. Penelitian ini akan fokus menjawab pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana bentuk collaborative governance dalam penerapan program Saemaul Undong di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur. Teknik Analisa konten digunakan untuk menganalisa data. Peneliti menggunakan konsep collaborative governance dan Kerjasama internasional untuk menjelaskan sinergi keterlibatan sektor public, privat, dan masyarakat dalam Kerjasama pembangunan internasional melalui Saemaul Undong.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Drought on Selected Causes of Mortality in Northern Bangladesh

Drought has exacerbated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Here, a time series study was conducted in northern Bangladesh to evaluate the impact of drought on selected causes of mortality during 2007–2017. Rainfall and temperature data from six meteorological stations were used to analyze drought and non-drought periods and to categorize mild, moderate, severe, and extreme drought based on the 3-month and 12-month Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI). A generalized linear model with Poisson regression with log link, a negative binomial with log link, and a zero-inflated Poisson model were used to determine associations between drought severity and mortality. The SPI and SPEI produced slightly different analysis results. Compared with the SPEI, the SPI showed a stronger and more sensitive correlation with mortality. The relative risk for respiratory disease mortality was high, and Saidpur was the most vulnerable area. Health care expenditure was negatively associated with mortality. High temperatures during the drought period were associated with suicide-related mortality in Rajshahi. The impact of drought on mortality differed with small changes in climate. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the differences between the two most used drought indicators and the impact of drought on mortality.
Frequency-Modulation-Based IPT With Magnetic Communication for EV Wireless Charging

In this article, a switching frequency-modulation-based inductive power transfer system that provides wireless charging of the scooters by magnetic in-band communication is newly proposed. Although the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) coils are misaligned, the scooters can be freely charged in the charging station by the proposed frequency modulation method without additional power converters in the Tx and Rx sides. In order to implement frequency modulation control, the Rx side can transmit the required information to the Tx side through the magnetic coupling between Tx and Rx coils, i.e., magnetic in-band communication, in the suggested approach. By virtue of the proposed magnetic in-band communication method, the switching frequency can be modulated so that the load power for charging the battery in the Rx side is appropriately controlled, considering the battery charging profile. Contrary to the Qi standard technology using both amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying, the proposed magnetic communication protocol is optimally and simply designed for targeting scooter wireless charging applications. Because the proposed communication method is based on only ASK technique for unidirectional information delivery, the coil misalignment sensitivity and the complexity of the communication process can be reduced, which guarantees the robust frequency modulation control for load power regulation. A 100 W power level prototype for the charging station and the scooters was fabricated and verified by simulations and experiments. The 97.3% of the coil-to-coil efficiency and 90.6% of the dc-to-dc efficiency were obtained at a nominal operating point of k = knom and PL = 100.8 W. As a result, the battery having 44.0–53.0 V and 13 Ah in the Rx side was charged under a wide range of battery charging conditions and coil misalignments.