Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Hot Carrier Injection Analysis of N-Type Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors

The hot carrier injection (HCI) of tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) is analyzed quantitatively under various conditions in terms of HCI-induced gate current (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), HCI probability (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {G}}/I_{\mathrm {D}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, potential energy, and lateral/vertical electric field for the first time. For example, the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$I_{\mathrm {G}}/I_{\mathrm {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of TFETs are predicted in comparison with those of metal-oxide semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs) with the variation of gate voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {G}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), drain voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {D}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), gate insulator thickness (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$T_{\mathrm {ins}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and channel length (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{\mathrm {ch}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). According to the simulation results, TFETs show higher HCI probability than MOSFETs under the entire bias conditions because the former features strong peak lateral field at source-channel junction. For example, TFETs show <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 1.8\times 10 ^{2}\text{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher HCI current and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim 5.9\times 10 ^{6}\text{x}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> higher HCI probability than MOSFETs at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {G}} =4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\mathrm {D}} =3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. The optimal HCI bias condition of TFETs is also analyzed.
Estimation of trends in high urban ozone levels using the quantiles of (GEV)

In this paper we propose a statistical methodology to analyze the trends of very high values of tropospheric ozone. The methodology is based on the estimation of percentiles of the distribution of extreme values. The asymptotic distribution of the estimated percentiles is obtained with a normal result. This allows us to use a linear regression to investigate linear and non‐linear trends. To illustrate the proposed methodology we use the information on ozone levels from some monitoring stations in Mexico City during the period from 1986 to 2005. The analysis of the information indicates a decrease in the very high ozone levels in the later years. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonparametric doubly robust estimation of causal effect on networks in observational studies

Interconnection of nodes takes great challenge to the estimation of causal effect in the network. In this study, we develop a nonparametric doubly robust (NDR) estimator to identify the causal effect in the presence of general interference on network observational data. The estimator combines the strengths of doubly robust mapping and nonparametric regression. Thus, it is consistent when either the treatment or the outcome model is properly specified and is free of parametric assumptions. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are also proved. We demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of NDR by simulation studies and apply this method to investigate the impact of installation of SnCR on ambient ozone concentration of 473 power plants in America.
Formation of Polar Ring S0 Galaxies in Dissipative Galaxy Mergers

We numerically investigate stellar and gasdynamics of galaxy mergers between gas-rich, late-type spirals in order to explore the origin of polar ring S0 galaxies. We found that dissipative galaxy merging with a particular orbit configuration transforms two late-type spirals into one S0 galaxy with polar rings. The formation process of polar ring S0 galaxies is described as follows. A spiral galaxy intruding from the polar axis of the other victim galaxy excites the outwardly propagating density wave in the gaseous component of the victim galaxy. The subsequent gaseous dissipation and star formation dramatically transform the victim galaxy into polar rings. The intruding galaxy, on the other hand, is inevitably transformed into a rapidly rotating and spindly S0 galaxy, owing to the violent gravitational interaction of galaxy merging. This numerical result implies that dissipative galaxy merging between two gas-rich spirals is a new, promising candidate that can explain not only the formation of the central S0-like host but also the formation of a gas-rich polar ring component in a polar ring S0 galaxy.
Engineered Electrospun Polyurethane Composite Patch Combined with Bi-functional Components Rendering High Strength for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Cardiovascular application of nanomaterial’s is of increasing demand and its usage is limited by its mechanical and blood compatible properties. In this work, an attempt is made to develop an electrospun novel nanocomposite loaded with basil oil and titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles. The composite material displayed increase in hydrophobic and reduced fiber diameter compared to the pristine polymer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed the interaction of the pristine polymer with the added substances. Thermal analysis showed the increased onset degradation, whereas the mechanical testing portrayed the increased tensile strength of the composites. Finally, the composite delayed the coagulation times and also rendered safe environment for red blood cells signifying its suitability to be used in contact with blood. Strikingly, the cellular toxicity of the developed composite was lower than the pristine polymer suggesting its compatible nature with the surrounding tissues. With these promising characteristics, developed material with enhanced physicochemical properties and blood compatibility can be successfully utilized for cardiac tissue applications.
Protein Misfolding and Aggregation in Proteinopathies: Causes, Mechanism and Cellular Response

Proteins are central to life functions. Alterations in the structure of proteins are reflected in their function. Misfolded proteins and their aggregates present a significant risk to the cell. Cells have a diverse but integrated network of protection mechanisms. Streams of misfolded proteins that cells are continuously exposed to must be continually monitored by an elaborated network of molecular chaperones and protein degradation factors to control and contain protein misfolding problems. Aggregation inhibition properties of small molecules such as polyphenols are important as they possess other beneficial properties such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and pro-autophagic properties and help neuroprotection. A candidate with such desired features is important for any possible treatment development for protein aggregation diseases. There is a need to study the protein misfolding phenomenon so that we can treat some of the worst kinds of human ailments related to protein misfolding and aggregation.
Development of enstrophy and spectra in numerical turbulence

Decaying isotropic turbulence with initial Taylor microscale Reynolds number (Rλ≤258) is studied via direct numerical simulations (DNS), with spectral resolution ≤2563. DNS results are compared with two‐point closure, in the form of the direct interaction approximation (DIA) and the test field model (TFM). The goals of this study are to understand the time‐dependence of enstrophy and spectra as they evolve from random initial conditions, and to assess and interpret differences between DNS and closure. Two time scales are identified in the DNS. The first is that for the development of normalized enstrophy production (velocity derivative skewness) and is independent of Rλ. The second is that for the saturation of the enstrophy which follows after a longer period of near exponential growth and is strongly Rλ dependent. For ν≠0, the DIA represents the time development of both integral quantities, such as enstrophy and spectra, with surprising accuracy in spite of its lack of invariance to random large‐scale s.
An Omnibus Test for Systematic Changes in Judges’ Rankings

Paired rankings arise when each subject in a study independently ranks a set of items, undergoes a treatment, and afterwards ranks the same set of items. For such data, a statistical test is proposed to detect if the subjects’ posttreatment rankings have moved systematically toward some unknown ranking or set of rankings. The null hypothesis for this test is that each subject’s post-treatment ranking is symmetrically distributed about his pretreatment ranking. The exact and asymptotic null distributions of the test statistic are simulated and compared, and the power of the test is studied. Using paired rankings from an experimental course in literary criticism, we also offer some graphical methods for representing such data that help us to interpret the test results.
A TRANSFORMATION METHOD FOR TEXTURE FEATURE DESCRIPTION UNDER DIFFERENT IMAGINE CONDITIONS

For high spatial resolution Remote Sensing images, it is very important to investigate the transformational methods between background and target characteristics. Only in this way rich details in images under different imaging conditions can be well extracted. Amongst the characteristics of imagery targets, texture is a visual feature that reflects the homogeneity of images and the inner attributes of different objects. What's more, it includes important information which describes the structural arrangement of objects and the connection with the surrounding environment. This paper regards texture as the major feature and investigates the transformational methods of texture feature description under different imaging conditions. This paper mainly consists of three parts:(1) Construct a wavelet filter based on Gabor wavelet, which describes texture features obtained under different imaging conditions;(2) Process and analyze the different object's texture features jointly by the relationship which is built by the wavelet description;(3) Build the transformation between the wavelet descriptions of the different object's texture features based on the characteristics of the band and direction.
Calibration Estimators in Survey Sampling

Abstract This article investigates estimation of finite population totals in the presence of univariate or multivariate auxiliary information. Estimation is equivalent to attaching weights to the survey data. We focus attention on the several weighting systems that can be associated with a given amount of auxiliary information and derive a weighting system with the aid of a distance measure and a set of calibration equations. We briefly mention an application to the case in which the information consists of known marginal counts in a two- or multi-way table, known as generalized raking. The general regression estimator (GREG) was conceived with multivariate auxiliary information in mind. Ordinarily, this estimator is justified by a regression relationship between the study variable y and the auxiliary vector x. But we note that the GREG can be derived by a different route by focusing instead on the weights. The ordinary sampling weights of the kth observation is 1/πk , where πk is the inclusion probabilit.
Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics

This thesis is an investigation of phenomena at the interface between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, with the aim of arguing for a view of semantic interpretation as lexicallydriven yet contextually dependent. I examine regular, generative processes which operate over the lexicon to induce verbal sense shifts, and discuss the interaction of these processes with the linguistic or discourse context. I concentrate on phenomena where only an interaction between all three linguistic knowledge sources can explain the constraints on verb use: conventionalised lexical semantic knowledge constrains productive syntactic processes, while pragmatic reasoning is both constrained by and constrains the potential interpretations given to certain verbs. The phenomena which are closely examined are the behaviour of PP sentential modifiers (specifically dative and directional PPs) with respect to the lexical semantic representation of the verb phrases they modify, resultative constructions, and logical metonymy. The analysis is couched in terms of a lexical semantic representation drawing on Davis (1995), Jackendoff (1983, 1990), and Pustejovsky (1991, 1995) which aims to capture “linguistically relevant” components of meaning. The representation is shown to have utility for modeling of the interaction between the syntactic form of an utterance and its meaning. I introduce a formalisation of the representation within the framework of Head Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag 1994), and rely on the model of discourse coherence proposed by Lascarides and Asher (1992), Discourse in Commonsense Entailment. I furthermore discuss the implications of the contextual dependency of semantic interpretation for lexicon design and computational processing in Natural Language Understanding systems.
Trap-assisted tunneling in InGaN/GaN single-quantum-well light-emitting diodes

Based on numerical simulation and comparison with measured current characteristics, we show that the current in InGaN/GaN single-quantum-well light-emitting diodes at low forward bias can be accurately described by a standard trap-assisted tunneling model. The qualitative and quantitative differences in the current characteristics of devices with different emission wavelengths are demonstrated to be correlated in a physically consistent way with the tunneling model parameters.
Insulin use and fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of 138,690 patients

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported to have an enhanced risk of bone fracture, however the association between insulin treatment and risk of fracture in patients with T2DM remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to examine the possible association between insulin treatment and risk of fracture in patients with T2DM. Relevant studies published prior to and including April 2018 were identified by literature searches in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. A meta-analysis was performed, which included relevant trials of patients with T2DM comparing insulin to oral anti-diabetic drugs. The combined effect was expressed as a pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was performed to consolidate the results. A total of 7 studies comprising 138,690 patients were eligible for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. After exclusion of one study that introduced major heterogeneity, treatment with, insulin was associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture among patients with T2DM (RR=1.24, 95% CI, 1.07–1.44; P=0.004). Subgroup analysis by sex indicated that the RR for men was 1.04 (95% CI, 0.76–1.44, P=0.801) and that for women was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.92–1.62, P=0.175). Subgroup analysis by fracture site indicated that the RR for hip was 1.18 (95% CI, 0.83–1.68, P=0.363), that for vertebrae was 1.28 (95% CI, 0.90–1.81, P=0.169) and that for non-vertebrae was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.80–1.41, P=0.686). Subgroup analysis by study design suggested that the RR for prospective and retrospective studies was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.06–1.71, P=0.014) and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99–1.35, P=0.059), respectively. Subgroup analysis by region indicated that the RR for Europe was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.91–1.48, P=0.220), that for North America was 1.24 (95% CI, 0.81–1.90, P=0.333) and that for Asia was 1.34 (95% CI, 0.91–1.98, P=0.141). In conclusion, treatment with insulin increased the risk of fractures among patients with T2DM compared with oral anti-diabetic drugs; however, the association was influenced by various factors, including sex, fracture site, study design and geographical region.
Synchronization dynamics of phase oscillators with generic adaptive coupling

Adaptive coupling schemes among interacting elements are ubiquitous in real systems ranging from physics and chemistry to neuroscience and have attracted much attention in recent years. Here, we extend the Kuramoto model by considering a particular adaptive scheme in a system of globally coupled oscillators. The homogeneous coupling is correlated with the global coherence of the population that is weighted by the generic nonlinear feedback function of the amplitude of the order parameter. The studied model is analytically tractable that generalizes the theory of Kuramoto for synchronization transition. We develop a mean-field theory by establishing the self-consistent equation describing the stationary dynamics in the thermodynamic limit. Importantly, the Landau damping effect, which turns out to be far more generic, is revealed in the framework of the linear stability analysis of the resonant pole theory. Furthermore, the relaxation rate of the order parameter in the subcritical region is obtained from a universal formula. Our study can deepen the understanding of synchronization transitions and other related collective dynamics in networked oscillators with adaptive interaction schemes.
Effect of Al and Y incorporation on the structure of HfO2

We have investigated the structural changes in HfO2 thin films upon Y and Al incorporation. The crystallinity of the films is examined by transmission electron diffraction. The local coordination symmetries of the Hf atoms in the films are revealed by the profile of the oxygen K-edge measured in the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). The EEL spectra are then simulated using real-space multiple-scattering method. We found a good agreement between the simulated and the experimental EELS result of the pure HfO2. The Y incorporation indeed stabilized HfO2 to a cubic structure. Nevertheless, it also contributed to possible lattice distortion and/or creation of complex defect states other than O vacancies, causing discrepancies between the experimental and the simulated results. As a comparison, the local symmetry of Hf is largely degraded upon the incorporation of Al, which not only amorphorized HfO2, but also introduced significantly amount of O vacancies in the film.
Predicting Minimum Energy Structure of a Peptide via a Modified Potential Smoothing Kernel

A global optimization approach is proposed for finding the global minimum energy configuration of a peptide. First, the original nonsmooth total potential energy function of a peptide, composed using the AMBER model, is transformed to a smoother function (shifted-impulsive transformation) via a procedure performed for each pair potential that constitute the total potential energy function. Then, the Potential Smoothing and Search (PSS) procedure is used to provide the global minimum. Based on this procedure global optimum solution is generated for a synthesis peptide named Compstatin.
Triple-Mode Reciprocal Doherty Power Amplifier With Multi-Band Operation and Extended High Efficiency Range

This article presents the methodology for designing triple-mode Doherty power amplifier (DPA) with multi-band operation and extended high efficiency range. It is illustrated that three different Doherty operation modes can be realized by simply re-setting the gate bias voltages while the DPA circuits keep unchanged. By employing a novel reciprocal gate bias DPA architecture, five operation bands have been achieved by the proposed DPA with larger than 9 dB high efficiency power range. The active load modulation process and theoretical performance of proposed DPA are analyzed in detail for each mode. For verification, a commercial GaN transistors-based DPA is designed and implemented with 1.76–1.96 GHz band in Mode I, 1.13–1.20/2.48–2.58 GHz bands in Mode II and 0.7–0.76/2.34–2.40 GHz bands in Mode III. The fabricated DPA achieves 7.0–10.5 dB saturation gain, 44.18–46.86 dBm peak output power and 41.9%–61.5% back-off efficiency. When stimulated by a 10 MHz long term evolution (LTE) modulation signal with 8.6 dB peaking-to-average ratio (PAPR), the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the fabricated DPA is better than −45 dBc after digital pre-distortion at 0.73, 1.18 and 1.85 GHz.
A new design approach for the anti-swing trajectory control of overhead cranes with high-speed hoisting

This paper proposes a new approach for the design of anti-swing control of overhead cranes. An anti-swing trajectory control scheme is designed based on the trolley and load-hoisting dynamics, and then extended to an adaptive scheme. The load-swing dynamics is controlled by employing a sliding surface that couples the load-swing dynamics with trolley motion. The number of degrees of freedom of the trolley and load-hoisting dynamics is the same as that of the control inputs; therefore, the control problem is reduced to finding a coupled sliding surface that stabilizes the crane control system, based on the load-swing dynamics. In this study, the Lyapunov stability theorem is used as a mathematical design tool. The proposed control guarantees asymptotic stability of the anti-swing trajectory control while keeping all internal signals bounded. The coupled sliding surface allows a direct control of the damping of load swing. In addition, the proposed control provides clear gain-tuning criteria for easy application. Finally, the proposed control realizes an anti-swing control along a typical anti-swing trajectory in practice, with high-speed load hoisting. The validity of the theoretical results is shown by computer simulation.
Study of fatigue crack in riveted plate by acoustic emission and Lamb wave analysis

This paper describes an investigation into the feasibility of using an integrated system based on Lamb waves in order to assess the integrity of riveted aluminium joints during cyclical loading. An Acoustic Emission system is used jointly with the Lamb wave analysis in order to discuss about damage development. Finally, it is demonstrated that both methods can work together and that the results obtained are in good keeping.
An application of dynamic positioning control using wave feed forward

The paper presents the results of model tests for a large tanker in which wave drift force feed forward was applied in the dynamic positioning control system. The estimation method of the nonlinear (second order) wave drift forces from the measurement of relative water motions at the side of a ship hull is presented. The estimated wave drift forces are used in the DP control system, to enhance the filter process of the extended Kalman filter, and in the required thruster set‐points. The EKF uses the nonlinear equations of low‐frequency ship motions on the horizontal plane, which are also presented.
Observability analysis of piece-wise constant systems. I. Theory

For pt.II see ibid., vol.28, no.4, p.1068-75, Oct. 1992. A method for analyzing the observability of time-varying linear systems which can be modeled as piece-wise constant systems (PWCS) is presented. An observability matrix for such systems is developed for continuous and discrete time representations. A stripped observability matrix (SOM) is introduced which simplifies the analysis in cases where the use of this matrix is legitimate. The observability analysis is presented as a step-by-step procedure. >