Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Hall effect of heavy holes in III-V semiconductor quantum wells

The anomalous Hall effect of heavy holes in semiconductor quantum wells is studied in the intrinsic transport regime, where the Berry curvature governs the Hall current properties. Based on the first–order perturbation of wave function the expression of the Hall conductivity the same as that from the semiclassical equation of motion of the Bloch particles is derived. The dependence of Hall conductivity on the system parameters is shown. The amplitude of Hall conductivity is found to be balanced by a competition between the Zeeman splitting and the spin–orbit splitting.
Uloga dimenzija ličnosti, stilova suočavanja i netolerancije na neizvjesnost u doživljavanju osjećaja koherentnosti

Osjećaj koherentnosti pokazao se značajnim faktorom koji doprinosi pozitivnim zdravstvenim ishodima. U prethodnim istraživanjima dimenzije ličnosti pokazale su se značajnim prediktorom osjećaja koherentnosti, a stilovi suočavanja bili su značajno povezani s osjećajem koherentnosti. Veza konstrukta netolerancije na neizvjesnost i osjećaja koherentnosti nije do sada istraživana, stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja bio ispitati prediktivni doprinos dimenzija ličnosti velepetorog modela, stilova suočavanja i netolerancije na neizvjesnost, osjećaju koherentnosti kod mladih odraslih osoba. Rezultati hijerarhijske regresijske analize pokazali su da dimenzije ličnosti iz velepetorog modela snažno doprinose objašnjenju varijance osjećaja koherentnosti, no povrh toga stilovi suočavanja i netolerancija na neizvjesnost uspjeli su dodatno objasniti varijancu kriterija. Ovo istraživanje pokazalo je da viša razina emocionalne stabilnosti, ekstraverzije, ugodnosti, savjesnosti; učestalije korištenje suočavanja usmjerenog na problem; manje često korištenje suočavanja izbjegavanjem te niža razina netolerancije na neizvjesnost značajno predviđaju snažniji osjećaj koherentnosti. Ključne riječi: osjećaj koherentnosti, dimenzije ličnosti, stilovi suočavanja, netolerancija na neizvjesnost
Virasoro symmetries for the Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy and non-intersecting Brownian motion models

Random matrix theory studies the distribution of the spectrum of matrices chosen randomly in various matrix ensembles. The link between random matrix theory and integrable systems has been exhibited in the 1980’s. This thesis is divided into two parts, both related to random matrix theory and integrable systems. The recurrent theme is the Virasoro algebra. The first part deals with the Ablowitz-Ladik (AL) hierarchy and the Circular Unitary Ensemble (CUE). The AL hierarchy is a hierarchy of compatible equations, of which the first one is the Ablowitz-Ladik equation, a space-discretization of the nonlinear cubic Schrodinger equation. The AL hierarchy comes up naturally when studying CUE, as the deformed gap probabilities of this ensemble are tau-functions for the AL hierarchy. We prove that the AL hierarchy admits a centerless Virasoro algebra of master symmetries. An explicit expression for these symmetries is given in terms of a generalisation of the Cantero-Moral-Velazquez matrices in the context of biorthogonal Laurent polynomials. Their action on the tau-functions of the hierarchy is described. The second part of this thesis deals with one-dimensional non-intersecting Brownian motions, starting from and going to several points. Of particular interest are the universal asymptotic processes which appear when the number of Brownian particles gets large. For one starting or ending point, the asymptotic processes are well understood. For several starting and ending points, some open problems remain. We study a finite number of non-intersecting Brownian motions starting from and going to an arbitrary number of points. The quantity of interest is the probability that at a given time all the Brownian particles are in a given set E, taken to be a union of intervals. We prove the existence of a partial differential equation satisfied by the log of this probability. The variables are the coordinates of the starting and ending points and the boundary points of the set E.
A Low-Cost and Accurate Microwave Sensor System for Permittivity Characterization

A novel low-cost microwave sensor system is proposed for accurate sensing of the real relative permittivity of materials under test (MUT). The proposed solution eliminates the need for using advanced measurement devices such as the vector network analyzer (VNA) for sensor characterization. The proposed sensor system is built on a software-defined radio platform. A suitable two-stage frequency estimation approach was developed for estimating the frequency shift of the resonator sensor associated with the real relative permittivity of the MUT. First, the neighborhood of the resonance frequency is obtained utilizing a low-resolution coarse search, followed by a fine search method to accurately estimate the resonance frequency. For the fine search, we modified the AM frequency estimation algorithm and the Golden-Section search algorithm, GS method to suite the proposed sensor system. The performance of the proposed sensor system is validated through simulations and experiments. To demonstrate the feasibility of the concept, experiments were conducted by implementing the solution on a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) transceiver using a resonator sensor for detecting the binary mixture of water and methanol. The results show that the proposed sensor system achieves measurement accuracy comparable to advanced equipment such as the VNA. Thus, the proposed sensor system could be a low-cost alternative for sensor characterization purposes with accuracy comparable to standard equipment.
Corneal Ectasia after Laser-Assisted Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction: The Case for an Enhanced Ectasia Risk Assessment

Purpose: To present a case of asymmetric progressive corneal ectasia following femtosecond laser-assisted small-incision lenticule extraction. Methods: After obtaining a patient's consent, preoperative and postoperative findings were represented in this case report. Results: A 29-year-old woman presented with normal preoperative Placido disk-based corneal topography and tomographic findings. The corrected refractive error was −4.00 and −4.50 −1.00 × 177 in the right and left eye, respectively, with a maximal lenticule thickness of 87 and 115 μm OD/OS. Twenty months postoperatively, the patient presented with decreased vision in the left eye and mild ectatic changes in corneal shape in both eyes. The retrospective evaluation of the integrated rotating Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam; Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) and corneal biomechanical (Corvis ST) assessment revealed moderate susceptibility for corneal ectasia in the right eye and a significant corneal ectasia in the left eye. Conclusion: This case corroborates the need for an enhanced multimodal approach to characterize the risk for postoperative corneal ectasia after laser vision correction.
The Adhesion of Copper Films Coated on Silicon and Glass Substrates

A new method is developed to evaluate the adhesion properties of thin films. This method is based on a composite hardness model. In our experiments, Cu films which were deposited on Si and glass substrates by pulsed laser ablation were indented and scratched by a Vickers microhardness tester and a diamond cutter, respectively. It was found that adhesion influenced the micro-hardness of films for soft films deposited on hard substrates. This result was explained by the elastic–plastic deformation mode of indentation.
The influence of stress on the principal polarisation directions of ultrasonic shear waves in textured steel plates

In this paper the effect of an applied stress on the principal polarisation directions of ultrasonic shear waves in textured materials exhibiting orthorhombic symmetry is investigated. The parameters entering into an expression for the rotation of the polarisation direction with applied stress, derived by Okada (1980) by analogy with the approach used in optics, are expressed in terms of the second- and third-order elastic constants of the material. These constants are obtained for mild steel from measurements of the stress dependence of the ultrasonic velocities. The predicted variation in the polarisation direction with stress is found to agree well with measurements for a mild steel plate subjected to a uniaxial stress at various angles to the principal texture axis.
Occurrence and Antibiogram of Non-Sorbitol Fermenting Escherichia coli in Marketed Raw Meat of Dharan, Eastern Nepal

This study aimed to explore the distribution of non-sorbitol fermenting Escherichia coli (E. coli) from meat marketed in Dharan city and study its susceptibility to antibiotics. This study was the laboratory based cross-sectional study conducted from December 2016 to May 2017 at Microbiology laboratory of Central Campus of Technology. A total of 24 meat samples from butcher’s retail shop of Dharan were taken for study that included 6 chickens, 6 buffalo, 6 pork, and 6 goat meat sample. The bacterial isolates from meat samples were isolated by routine microbiological procedures and identified by colony characteristics on selective medium, Gram's staining and biochemical tests. The antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) of the isolated bacteria was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Results reported 41.66% (10/24) prevalence of non-sorbitol fermenting E. coli in meat samples. However, this distribution was not statistically significant (p=0.877). The prevalence of E. coli was 3 (50%) in chicken, 3 (50%) in buffalo, 2 (33.33%) in pork and 2 (33.33%) in goat meat. All the isolated E. coli were subjected to the antibiotic susceptibility test using 17 different antibiotics and all the strains showed 100% resistance against ampicillin, amoxicillin and ceftazidime and the highest sensitivity towards gentamycin (90%), ceftriaxone (80%), amikacin (80%) and chloramphenicol (80%). The 100% multidrug resistance was observed in all the isolates. This study concludes that the meat consumers of Dharan are at higher risk of infection by pathogenic strain of E. coli. The increasing incidence of multi drug resistance of pathogenic strains may pose serious health ailment among semi-processed meat consumers whilst the cooked meat consumers too are at risk of toxin-mediated food poisoning.
Analytical Multi-Point Trajectory Generation for Differentially Flat Systems with Output Constraints

Abstract In this paper, an analytical off-line multi-point trajectory generation scheme is presented for differentially flat systems. For control of dynamical systems along a given set of control points, multi-point trajectory generation is required when input and state constraints exist. It is assumed that differential constraints for flat coordinates can be formulated explicitly. The trajectory scheme is based on analytically solving a set of polynomial equations to parameterize n-times continuously differentiable segmented transition polynomials, that approximate time optimal trajectories. The computational effort for determining valid trajectories is low in comparison to numerical optimization. As an example, a multi-point trajectory generation problem for a 3-DOF gantry crane is presented.
Electrochemical Performance and Hydrogen Storage of Ni–Pd–P–B Glassy Alloy

The search for hydrogen storage materials is a challenging task. In this work, we tried to test metallic glass-based pseudocapacitive material for electrochemical hydrogen storage potential. An alloy ingot with an atomic composition of Ni60Pd20P16B4 was prepared via arc melting of extremely pure elements in an Ar environment. A ribbon sample with a width of 2 mm and a thickness of 20 mm was produced via melt spinning of the prepared ingot. Electrochemical dealloying of the ribbon sample was conducted in 1 M H2SO4 to prepare a nanoporous glassy alloy. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Langmuir methods were implemented to obtain the total surface area of the nanoporous glassy alloy ribbon. The obtained values were 6.486 m2/g and 15.082 m2/g, respectively. The Dubinin–Astakhov (DA) method was used to calculate pore radius and pore volume; those values were 1.07 nm and 0.09 cm3/g, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry of the dealloyed samples revealed the pseudocapacitive nature of this alloy. Impedance of the dealloying sample was measured at different frequencies through use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A Cole–Cole plot established a semicircle with a radius of ~6 Ω at higher frequency, indicating low interfacial charge-transfer resistance, and an almost vertical Warburg slope at lower frequency, indicating fast diffusion of ions to the electrode surface. Charge–discharge experiments were performed at different constant currents (75, 100, 125, 150, and 200 mA/g) under a cutoff potential of 2.25 V vs. Ag/AgCl electrode in a 1 M KOH solution. The calculated maximum storage capacity was 950 mAh/g. High-rate dischargeability (HRD) and capacity retention (Sn) for the dealloyed glassy alloy ribbon sample were evaluated. The calculated capacity retention rate at the 40th cycle was 97%, which reveals high stability.
Quadratic L2 gain performance LPV system design by a LTI controller with ILMI algorithm

A quadratic L2 gain performance LPV control system has been designed using a linear time invariant (LTI) output feedback controller with an iterative linear matrix inequality (ILMI) algorithm. A linear parameter varying (LPV) plant is assumed with immeasurable dependent parameter, which varies in a plant parameter space that is a polytope. Different from gain scheduled LPV control, this is a complex control problem with the non-convex constraint that the controller gain matrix is the same for each vertex plant of the LPV system. To solve this control problem, a heuristic iterative algorithm is presented in the form of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation. An effective method of setting an initial value to the ILMI algorithm proposed here promotes convergence to an admissible solution.
Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Split-Gate T-Shape Channel DM DPDG-TFET Label-Free Biosensor

This article proposes, for the first time, a split-gate T-shape channel dielectrically modulated (DM) double-gate TFET (DGTFET) with a drain pocket (DP). This device can be used as a label-free biosensor. The analytical model for DM DPDG-TFET has been developed and it has been validated against commercial simulation software (Silvaco TCAD). This article intends to focus both on the sensitivity of the biosensor and its performance as a tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) device. This has been accomplished by improvisations in the channel shape. The performance of the device has thoroughly been investigated in terms of threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, ON current, and OFF current. Due to the novel design, the proposed TFET possesses higher sensitivity, higher ${I}_{ {\text{ON}}}/{I}_{ {\text{OFF}}}$ current ratio, and lower subthreshold slope. The inclusion of DP at the drain–channel junction proves to be a successful way to remove the ambipolarity completely. The high ON current without any ambipolarity has been achieved by optimizing the DP length and its doping concentration. The proposed T-shape DM DPDGTFET proves itself to be superior to several reported devices in terms of both biosensor as well as field-effect transistor (FET) device. The presence and absence of charge of various biomolecules are taken into consideration for evaluation of device sensitivity as a label-free biosensor.
Texture classification by multiresolution character and fuzzy decision

A new texture classification approach by multiresolution character and fuzzy decision is proposed. The multiresolution character of the texture is extracted by a completed tree-structured wavelet transform. In the feature classification process, the advantages of the statistical and fuzzy method are combined by introducing the feature similarity measure and classifying the samples by fuzzy decision of the similarity values. The introduced similarity measure reflects the uncertainty of the feature values made by the difference between samples or made by random noise, and the proposed approach can give a satisfactory classification results. The texture classification experiment gives its effectiveness.
Advances in the Study of Heavy Metal Adsorption from Water and Soil by Modified Biochar

Heavy metal contamination in water and soil has gradually become a concern with the development of industry in recent years and may pose a serious threat to human health if left untreated. Biochar is commonly used as an adsorbent/immobilizer of heavy metals from water and substrates because of its wide—ranging raw materials, low production cost, and good adsorption performance. Based on the adsorption mechanism of biochar, this paper analyzes different modification methods of biochar, aiming to provide an effective material for the treatment of heavy metals from water and sediment and provide a certain reference for its application to practical projects.
On the Relation of G-Band Bright Points to the Photospheric Magnetic Field

Cotemporal observations in the 4305 Å G-band and Ca II λ3933 K-line, Fe I 6302 Å magnetograms, and 6563 Å Hα images are used to study the relation of G-band bright points (GBPs) to magnetic elements in the photosphere. Angular resolution of 0. ″2 and 0. ″3 is achieved in the best G-band and magnetogram images, respectively. Single magnetogram sensitivity of 120-150 gauss (Φmin ~ 1016 Mx) is achieved. Small-scale GBPs appear both in intergranular lanes and on the edges of certain bright, rapidly expanding granules. The latter class of GBPs are nonmagnetic (at the flux limit) and are a source of confusion in magnetic element studies. The large-scale pattern of GBPs and magnetic flux in plage are highly correlated; GBPs occur preferentially on the periphery of extended plage regions, which are primarily demarcated by dark or neutral-contrast regions (e.g., pores or unresolved structures). On subarcsecond scales, GBPs are cospatial (to within an average of 0.″24) and comorphous with magnetic elements in intergranular lanes; larger flux concentrations appear more diffuse than the associated GBP groupings. The average peak flux density of GBPs in the data set is ~160 gauss. No significant trend in GBP flux density as a function of either contrast or size is found. Rings of magnetic elements on 5'' scales remain very stable for periods on the order of hours. GBPs trace the temporal evolution of magnetic elements closely: there is no indication of a lead or lag (to within the 30-90 s precision of our data) in the appearance of GBPs relative to the appearance of magnetic elements. Pore formation via the accumulation of magnetic elements at a flow-field sink is seen in the data set. Magnetic elements and granules are continually advected into pores by the photospheric flow field.
A Spectral Cumulus Parameterization for Use in Numerical Models of the Tropical Atmosphere

Abstract The spectral cumulus parameterization theory of Arakawa and Schubert is presented in the convective flux form as opposed to the original detrainment form. This flux form is more convenient for use in numerical prediction models. The equations are grouped into one of three categories that are members of a control flow diagram: feedback, static control, and dynamic control. The dynamic control, which determines the cloud base mass flux distribution, is formulated as an optimization problem. This allows quasi-equilibrium to be satisfied as closely as possible while maintaining the necessary nonnegativity constraint on the cloud base mass flux. Results of two applications of the parameterization are shown. The first illustrates the dependence of the predicted cloud mass flux distribution on the vertical profile of the large-scale vertical motion field. According to the assumption of quasi-equilibrium of the cloud work function, the mass flux associated with deep clouds is controlled by large-scale ve.
Low-energy ion bombardment of frozen bacterial spores and its relevance to interplanetary space

The panspermia hypothesis is concerned with the dissemination of life in space in the form of simple micro-organisms. During an interplanetary journey the micro-organisms are subjected to the action of, among others, the solar wind. We have simulated experimentally such conditions bombarding frozen bacterial spores with low-energy hydrogen ions. On the basis of the results obtained and our earlier research, a new look at the panspermia hypothesis is discussed.
The X-ray emitting galaxy Centaurus A

OSO-8 X-ray observations of Cen A in 1975 and 1976 are reported. The source spectrum can be well fitted in both years by a power law of number index 1.66 and absorption due to 1.3 by 10 to the 23rd power atoms/sq cm. The total flux varied by a factor of 2 between 1975 and 1976. In 1976 there were flux variations of approximately 40% on a time scale of days. Measurements of the 6.4-keV Fe fluorescent line and the 7.1-keV absorption edge imply Fe/H of approximately 0.000016. Simultaneous radio measurements show variation in phase with X-ray variability. Consideration of radio, millimeter, infrared, and X-ray data shows that all the data can be accounted for by a model in which the X-rays are due to a synchrotron self-Compton source embedded in a cold H2 cloud.
BEM/FVM conjugate heat transfer analysis of a three‐dimensional film cooled turbine blade

We report on the progress in the development and application of a coupled boundary element/finite volume method temperature‐forward/flux‐back algorithm developed to solve conjugate heat transfer arising in 3D film‐cooled turbine blades. We adopt a loosely coupled strategy where each set of field equations is solved to provide boundary conditions for the other. Iteration is carried out until interfacial continuity of temperature and heat flux is enforced. The NASA‐Glenn explicit finite volume Navier‐Stokes code Glenn‐HT is coupled to a 3D BEM steady‐state heat conduction solver. Results from a CHT simulation of a 3D film‐cooled blade section are compared with those obtained from the standard two temperature model, revealing that a significant difference in the level and distribution of metal temperatures is found between the two. Finally, current developments of an iterative strategy accommodating large numbers of unknowns by a domain decomposition approach is presented. An iterative scheme is developed along with a physically‐based initial guess and a coarse grid solution to provide a good starting point for the iteration. Results from a 3D simulation show the process that converges efficiently and offers substantial computational and storage savings.