Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximum entropy production rate in quantum thermodynamics

In the framework of the recent quest for well-behaved nonlinear extensions of the traditional Schrodinger-von Neumann unitary dynamics that could provide fundamental explanations of recent experimental evidence of loss of quantum coherence at the microscopic level, a recent paper [Gheorghiu-Svirschevski 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 054102] reproposes the nonlinear equation of motion proposed by the present author [see Beretta G P 1987 Found. Phys. 17 365 and references therein] for quantum (thermo)dynamics of a single isolated indivisible constituent system, such as a single particle, qubit, qudit, spin or atomic system, or a Bose-Einstein or Fermi-Dirac field. As already proved, such nonlinear dynamics entails a fundamental unifying microscopic proof and extension of Onsager's reciprocity and Callen's fluctuation-dissipation relations to all nonequilibrium states, close and far from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this paper we propose a brief but self-contained review of the main results already proved, including the explicit geometrical construction of the equation of motion from the steepest-entropy-ascent ansatz and its exact mathematical and conceptual equivalence with the maximal-entropy-generation variational-principle formulation presented in Gheorghiu-Svirschevski S 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 022105. Moreover, we show how it can be extended to the case of a composite system to obtain the general form of the equation of motion, consistent with the demanding requirements of strong separability and of compatibility with general thermodynamics principles. The irreversible term in the equation of motion describes the spontaneous attraction of the state operator in the direction of steepest entropy ascent, thus implementing the maximum entropy production principle in quantum theory. The time rate at which the path of steepest entropy ascent is followed has so far been left unspecified. As a step towards the identification of such rate, here we propose a possible, well-behaved and intriguing, general closure of the dynamics, compatible with the nontrivial requirements of strong separability. Based on the time–energy Heisenberg uncertainty relation, we derive a lower bound to the internal-relaxation-time functionals that determine the rate of entropy generation. This bound entails an upper bound to the rate of entropy generation. By this extreme maximal-entropy-generation-rate ansatz, each indivisible subsystem follows the direction of steepest locally perceived entropy ascent at the highest rate compatible with the time– energy uncertainty principle.
Honors Thesis: An Empirical Approach to Models of Associative Learning for Sequence Memory

Work of Sylvester et al. [1], Winder et al. [2], Horn and Usher [3] has established the potential of associative learning models to perform sequential memory tasks. They have accomplished this by combining standard Hebbian learning with a component which transitions between activity states. While their work focuses on these models as reflective of human sequential memory, this work examines them as machine learning tools and modifies them with the goal of improving recall. Specifically, it addresses the model of Sylvester et al. [1]. An alteration of the model is produced primarily by restructuring use of the θ parameter, and the resultant models demonstrate improved sequential recall. These improvements are examined in both the orthogonal and non-orthogonal context and compared.
Enhanced Auditoriums for Attending Talks in Social Virtual Reality

Replicating traditional auditorium layouts for attending talks in social virtual reality often results in poor visibility of the presentation and a reduced feeling of being there together with others. Motivated by the use case of academic conferences, we therefore propose to display miniature representations of the stage close to the viewers for enhanced presentation visibility as well as group table arrangements for enhanced social co-watching. We conducted an initial user study with 12 participants in groups of three to evaluate the influence of these ideas on audience experience. Our results confirm the hypothesized positive effects of both enhancements and show that their combination was particularly appreciated by audience members. Our results therefore strongly encourage us to rethink conventional auditorium layouts in social virtual reality.
The Representation of African Americans in 12 Years A Slave and Antebellum Films

Cinemas are often used as an element of escapism and a representation of reality to the audience. Cinema also plays a crucial part in developing and sustaining racial cultural ideas and attitudes in the United States of America and globally. Since the 1830s, African Americans have appeared in film as either shown unfavorably or as small-minded people in comparison to their white peers. In a famous film in America, “Birth of Nation”, a white actor who acted as African American was portrayed as savagely violent who seized on Caucasian women. Despite the inaccurate portrayal of African Americans in the film, identical tropes have continued to emerge in the film industry since the 1920s. Therefore, this paper studies the representation of African Americans in Hollywood films using Critical Race Theory. Two Hollywood films will be used as a comparative case study namely Steve McQueen’s 12 Years A Slave (2013) and Gerard Bush and Christopher Renz’s Antebellum (2020) respectively. The result shows the importance of race and racism in society, several common types of racial prejudice have been detected in the films. Pathological stereotypes have also been presented through the films and the white characters show their power and control towards the African Americans who once had equal privilege with them. Keyword : Representation, African-Americans, Hollywood Films, Antebellum.
Laser and Synergetics

Plenarvortrag 40. Physikertagung 1976 in Bonn. Die Synergetik untersucht in Physik, Chemie, Biologie und anderen Gebieten, wie durch selbstorganisiertes Zusammenwirken vieler gleichartiger Einzelsysteme makroskopische Strukturen entstehen und funktionieren. Der Laser erweist sich als zur Erlauterung besonders geeignetes Modellsystem.
Une nouvelle approche de l'enseignement des torseurs

In the mechanics teaching, the torsor sometimes appears in the axiomatic form of an object composed of a vector and a moment, endowed with the property of equiprojectivity and obeying a speci c transport law. A novel and fruitful viewpoint is to consider the torsor as an a ne tensor and to claim a unique principle which is declined, in statics and dynamics, to recover the classical theories: rigid body, 3D and curvilinear continua. This concept o ers a structuring of mechanical sciences, from the general mechanics to the one of continuous media. Mots clefs : Mecanique generale ; mecanique des milieux continus ; resistance des materiaux ; torseur
Mode-dependent controller design for networked control system with average dwell time switching

This paper studies the modelling and stabilization problem for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) with random time delays and packed dropouts based on the average dwell time (ADT) switching approach. A new effective sampling method is presented to deal with time-varying delays, which finally reduces the high dimension and complexity of the NCS model. A class of subsystems is developed for NCS based on a set of switching signals triggered by discretized time delays and packet dropouts. By constructing multiple quadratic Lyapunov-like functions that allowed both decreasing and increasing, sufficient switched stability conditions are derived and a set of mode-dependent feedback controllers are designed for each active mode based on the ADT switching control method to guarantee the stability of the proposed switched NCS with admissible ADT. A do-loop linear matrix inequalities (LMI) optimization problem is formulated to find the control law without predefining the switching sequence and the times when network-induced factors occur. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Picosecond strain pulses probed by the photocurrent in semiconductor devices with quantum wells

Ultrafast acoustic wave packets are detected by probing the photocurrent in semiconductor devices containing quantum wells. The strain pulses were generated by thermalization of a femtosecond laser pulse in a thin metal film deposited on the surface of the GaAs substrate opposite to the semiconductor device. The probing was realized by measuring the photocurrent excited by a femtosecond optical pulse with photon energy close to the excitonic resonance of the quantum well. Two types of devices are used: a reverse biased (AlGa)As p-i-n tunneling diode containing a GaAs quantum well in its intrinsic region and a planar device containing an (InGa)As quantum well. The change in photocurrent arises from the strain-induced shift of the quantum well excitonic resonance due to deformation potential electron-phonon coupling. The method has a picosecond temporal resolution, shows a high sensitivity to subterahertz acoustic wave packets and has potential for ultrafast control of electrical conductance in semiconductor devices.
A new approximation method for time-delay systems

We develop a rational approximant B/sub n//sup /spl alpha// of e/sup -ds/ and make a detailed analysis on the approximant B/sub n//sup /spl alpha//G of e/sup -ds/G, where G/spl isin/RL/sup 2/. We prove L/sup p=2,/spl infin// error convergence and provide corresponding error bounds explicitly. Comparative study with other approximants is performed in order to make clear the properties of B/sub n//sup /spl alpha//. Making full use of its recursive structure, B/sub n//sup /spl alpha// is shown to be a suitable approximant for a class of H/sup /spl infin// problems involving time delay.
Peyronie’s Disease: A Brief Overview

Peyronie’s disease is an acquired connective tissue disease of the tunica albuginea of the penis which usually presents with penile curvature/deformity and a palpable penile plaque. It is more common in Caucasian men over the fifth decade of life, but it is an under-reported disease. Conservative and non-surgical options are supported by limited evidence except for intralesional injection of collagenase clostridium histolyticum and have limited success. The improved outcome of surgical treatment is accompanied by the risk of erectile dysfunction. This is a brief overview of Peyronie's disease, its impact on the patient, and the available treatment options.
Laser printing and femtosecond laser structuring of electrode materials for the manufacturing of 3D lithium-ion micro-batteries

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) electrode architectures have attracted great interest for the development of lithium-ion micro-batteries applicable for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), sensors, and hearing aids. Since commercial available micro-batteries are mainly limited in overall cell capacity by their electrode footprint, new processing strategies for increasing both capacity and electrochemical performance have to be developed. In case of such standard microbatteries, two-dimensional (2D) electrode arrangements are applied with thicknesses up to 200 μm. These electrode layers are composed of active material, conductive agent, graphite, and polymeric binder. Nevertheless, with respect to the type of active material, the active material to conductive agent ratio, and the film thickness, such thick-films suffer from low ionic and electronic conductivities, poor electrolyte accessibility, and finally, limited electrochemical performance under challenging conditions. In order to overcome these drawbacks, 3D electrode arrangements are under intense investigation since they allow the reduction of lithium-ion diffusion pathways in between inter-digitated electrodes, even for electrodes with enhanced mass loadings. In this paper, we present how to combine laser-printing and femtosecond laser-structuring for the development of advanced 3D electrodes composed of Li(Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2 (NMC). In a first step, NMC thick-films were laser-printed and calendered to achieve film thicknesses in the range of 50 μm – 80 μm. In a second step, femtosecond laser-structuring was carried out in order to generate 3D architectures directly into thick-films. Finally, electrochemical cycling of laser-processed films was performed in order to evaluate the most promising 3D electrode designs suitable for application in long life-time 3D micro-batteries.
NMR study of heterogeneity in pyridine-N-oxide...HCl crystal

An origin of narrow 1H NMR signals in pyridine-N-oxide (PyO). HCl crystal has been investigated by means of MAS, SPEDAS, NOESY and COSY techniques. Spectra of crystalline samples are compared with those of solid phase obtained from liquid PyO.HCl solutions (in acetonitile/H2O) after the heterogeneous phase separation. It has been concluded that partially resolved peaks in 1H NMR spectra of solids are related with heterogeneity of spin system and presence of different H-bond clusters of water molecules. NOESY spectra show no cross-peaks even at very long mixing time (500 ms). This indicates there is no exchange process between spins causing different peaks, and thus the corresponding molecular aggregates are captured in “islands of mobility8 without any channels sufficient for exchange. Appearance of MAS side bands as “pseudo8 cross-peaks in 2D NMR spectra using MAS/COSY technique is reported. In the case of accidental coincidence of spinning frequency (ωMAS) with spectral distances between some diagonal signals, intensive non-diagonal peaks are observed at the corresponding cross-positions. A misleading conclusion concerning spin coupling is easy to avoid using various ωMAS.
An interpolation problem in the class of entire functions of zero order

We obtain two criteria for the solubility of an ordinary free interpolation problem in the class of entire functions of (non-prescribed) finite type with respect to a zero proximate order . We impose only one natural restriction on guaranteeing that the class considered consists not only of polynomials. One criterion is stated in terms of the measure determined by the interpolation nodes, and the other in terms of the canonical product generated by these nodes.
A Systematic Literature Review of the Empirical Research on the Promoting Mechanism of High-Level Financial Opening to Innovative Development of Manufacturing Industry

To further enrich the research on the promotion mechanism of high-level financial openness on the innovation of the manufacturing industry, this article summarizes the domestic and foreign research on the impact mechanism of financial openness. Currently, the domestic and foreign studies are mostly based on the characteristics of different financial industries, including the role of opening-up on enterprise innovation and its influence on the bank industry; the effect of foreign direct equity participation on enterprise innovation and its influence on the securities industry; the impact of the host country on the innovation of insured companies and its influence on the insurance industry. Future research directions may include deepening research on the transmission mechanism of high-level financial openness on manufacturing innovation and expanding research methods for the impact mechanism of high-level financial openness on manufacturing innovation development.
Bifurcations of new eigenvalues for the Benjamin–Ono equation

A criterion for the emergence of new eigenvalues is found for the linear scattering problem associated with the Benjamin–Ono (BO) equation. This bifurcation occurs due to perturbations of nongeneric potentials which include the soliton solutions of the BO equation. The asymptotic approximation of an exponentially small new eigenvalue is derived. The method is based on the expansion of a localized function through a complete set of unperturbed eigenfunctions. Explicit expressions are obtained for the soliton potentials.
The reciprocity gap functional method for the inverse scattering problem for cavities

In this paper, we concern with determining the shape of a perfectly conducting cavity from the Cauchy data on a curve inside the cavity. The near-field linear sampling method (LSM), i.e. the reciprocity gap (RG) functional method, is employed to reconstruct the shape of the cavity. The equivalence of the RG method and the linear sampling method with mere the scattered field is established. But from the examples, we can see that the reconstructions are as satisfactory as the exterior scattering problems. I think this behavior is due to our reconstruction method since this method is due to the Cauchy data, but the LSM with mere the scattered field is used. Numerical tests show that the methods can provide qualitative information on the cavity. The numerical influence of the proposed method with respect to the wave numbers, the curve for the Cauchy data on which are measured, and the curve which is used to construct the single-layer potential function, respectively, are also analyzed with some examples. In particular, we give the examples of determining the cavity from the Cauchy data measured on a portion of the curve inside the cavity.
Optimized Method of Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia: A Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Study

Background Unilateral spinal anesthesia is often accompanied by technical difficulties in implementation, multiple puncture attempts, unsuccessful punctures, and, as a result, insufficient anesthesia, along with various complications associated with a dural puncture. Objectives This work compares the efficacy and safety of conventional Unilateral Spinal Anesthesia (USpA) and unilateral spinal anesthesia with electrical nerve stimulation (USpA+ENS). Methods A total of 134 patients with an upcoming vascular surgery on one lower extremity were randomly assigned to two groups. All the patients were positioned with the operated limb below and used 7.5 mg of Bupivacaine-Spinal®. In the UsPA group, anesthesia was performed according to the standard technique. In the USpA+ENS group, electrical nerve stimulation was additionally used. Primary outcomes were the presence or absence of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH), number of puncture attempts, lateralization, and anesthesia adequacy. Secondary outcomes were intraoperative pain scores, the presence or absence of nausea and vomiting, and the need for hemodynamics correction. Results The frequency of puncture complications was sufficiently lower in the USpA+ENS group than in the UsPA group. The local anesthetic solution distribution, pain score indicators, and secondary outcomes were comparable in both groups with a slight difference. Conclusions We showed that USpA+ENS reduces the incidence of puncture complications and improves the quality of anesthesia and adherence of both patients and anesthesiologists to the unilateral spinal anesthesia technique.
Generalized state space model and small signal stability analysis of Z-source converter

: This paper proposes two nonlinear exact and simple state space models of a Z-source converter (ZSC) connected to an ac grid. A generic model of a ZSC accompanied with proper controllers are proposed and a dynamic model of the whole system is derived; as a result, based on a simple one, an equivalent block diagram of the current-controlled ZSC system is proposed. The ac small signal stability method is applied and the impact of controller parameters on network’s stability is discussed. Besides, overall system dynamic performance has been assessed in the event of perturbations. Time-domain simulations have been implemented in PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the accuracy of the models and eﬀectiveness of the proposed controllers. The results of the exact model are compared with the response of the equations which are applied in MATLAB.
Asymptotic Behaviour of the Variance Function

We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the variance function V of a natural exponential family with support S c R. If inf S = 0, we show that V(O) = 0 and that the right derivative at zero is V'(O+) = inf {S\{0}}. Using a theorem by Mora (1990) we show that if lim c -P V(cp) = uP uniformly on compact subsets in p for either c -+ oo or c -+0, then p 0 (0, 1), and the corresponding exponential dispersion model, suitably scaled, converges to a member of the Tweedie family of exponential dispersion models, corresponding to the variance function V(p) = pP. This gives a kind of central limit theory for exponential dispersion models. In the case p = 2, the limiting family is gamma, and the result essentially follows from Tauber theory. For p = 1, we obtain a version of the Poisson law of small numbers, generalizing a result for discrete models due to Jorgensen (1986). For 1 2 or p < 0 the limiting families are generated by respectively positive stable distributions or extreme stable distributions, in the latter case inf S =-oo. A number of illustrative examples are considered.
Body Composition and Lean Body Mass Index for Japanese College Students

Lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass (FM) are two major components of body composition and when totalled equal body mass. Body mass index (BMI) as represented by weight/height2, has proven to be both a simple and valid way of assessing body composition. However, the significance of the index is not clear since body weight is composed of two main components: LBM and FM, each of whose densities show distinct differences.In order to present the body constitution as clear quantitative measures, the lean body mass index (LBMI; LBM/height2), fat mass index (FMI; FM/height2) and a chart system (body composition chart) are introduced in this study. Through this chart system, we can detect the relative amount of the two major body constructs and differentiate subjects into adipo-muscular, lean-muscular, adipo-atrophy and lean-atrophy types.
ON THE POLES OF p-ADIC COMPLEX POWERS AND THE b- FUNCTIONS OF PREHOMOGENEOUS VECTOR SPACES

Introduction. In the real case, it is well known that there exists an intimate relation between poles of complex powers of polynomial functions and the roots of the b-functions (cf. [B]). Many examples suggest that a similar relation between them would exist also in the p-adic case. Recently the case of polynomials over a p-adic field in two variables has been closely examined (cf. F. Loeser [L], W. Veys [V]). In this paper we shall deal with the case of relative invariants of prehomogeneous vector spaces over a p-adic field. Let us explain our problem more precisely. Let K be a p-adic field, i.e., a finite algebraic extension of Qp. We denote by ? )K the maximal compact subring of K, by rrT)K the ideal of nonunits of )K, and put q = #(DKI/'XC)K). We denote by | IKthe absolute value on K normalized as ITWK = q-. Let fQ(KX) be the set of quasi-characters of KX. Then the identity component fl(KX)O of fl(KX) consists of w,(t) = Itls for all s in C and fl(Kx)o CX under ws q-S. Let (G, p, V) be a prehomogeneous vector space (abbrev. P.V.) defined over K, where we assume that