Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thin-Film Optical Filters

Introduction Early History Thin-Film Filters Basic Theory Maxwell's Equations and Plane Electromagnetic Waves The Simple Boundary The Reflectance of a Thin Film The Reflectance of an Assembly of Thin Films Reflectance, Transmittance, and Absorptance Units Summary of Important Results Potential Transmittance A Theorem on the Transmittance of a Thin-Film Assembly Coherence Incoherent Reflection at Two or More Surfaces Theoretical Techniques Quarter- and Half-Wave Optical Thicknesses Admittance Loci Electric Field and Losses in the Admittance Diagram The Vector Method The Herpin Index Alternative Method of Calculation Smith's Method of Multilayer Design The Smith Chart Reflection Circle Diagrams Antireflection Coatings Antireflection Coatings on High-Index Substrates Antireflection Coatings on Low-Index Substrates Equivalent Layers Antireflection Coatings for Two Zeros Antireflection Coatings for the Visible and the Infrared Inhomogeneous Layers Further Information Neutral Mirrors and Beam Splitters High-Reflectance Mirror Coatings Neutral Beam Splitters Neutral-Density Filters Multilayer High-Reflectance Coatings The Fabry-Perot Interferometer Multilayer Dielectric Coatings Losses Edge Filters Thin-Film Absorption Filters Interference Edge Filters Band-Pass Filters Broadband-Pass Filters Narrowband Filters Multiple Cavity Filters Higher Performance in Multiple-Cavity Filters Phase Dispersion Filter Multiple Cavity Metal-Dielectric Filters Measured Filter Performance Tilted Coatings Modified Admittances and the Tilted Admittance Diagram Application of the Admittance Diagram Polarizers Nonpolarizing Coatings Antireflection Coatings Retarders Optical Tunnel Filters Color in Optical Coatings Color Definition The 1964 Supplementary Colorimetric Observer Metamerism Other Color Spaces Hue and Chroma Brightness and Optimal Stimuli Colored Fringes Production Methods and Thin-Film Materials The Production of Thin Films Measurement of the Optical Properties Measurement of the Mechanical Properties Toxicity Summary of Some Properties of Common Materials Factors Affecting Layer and Coating Properties Microstructure and Thin-Film Behavior Sensitivity to Contamination Layer Uniformity and Thickness Monitoring Uniformity Substrate Preparation Thickness Monitoring and Control Tolerances Specification of Filters and Environmental Effects Optical Properties Physical Properties System Considerations: Applications of Filters and Coatings Potential Energy Grasp of Interference Filters Narrowband Filters in Astronomy Atmospheric Temperature Sounding Order Sorting Filters for Grating Spectrometers Glare Suppression Filters and Coatings Some Coatings Involving Metal Layers Other Topics Rugate Filters Ultrafast Coatings Automatic Methods Gain in Optical Coatings Photonic Crystals Characteristics of Thin-Film Dielectric Materials Bibliography Index References appear at the end of each chapter.
Possible North-Eastern Connections of the R1a1-populations of Corded Ware Culture According to the Archaeologic and Paleogenetic Data

Our new work considers the problems of paleogenetics, archeology and antropology connected with origins of Corded Ware culture and early migration of Y-DNA R1 carriers. This work considers the Second Corded Ware Center on the Far East and Yakutia and its connection with the Eastern European one. Authors examine the hypothesis that the two Corded Ware cultures have the common source.
Cyclic magnetite dissolution in Pleistocene sediments of the abyssal northwest Pacific Ocean: Evidence for glacial oxygen depletion and carbon trapping

The carbonate-free abyss of the North Pacific defies most paleoceanographic proxy methods and hence remains a “blank spot” in ocean and climate history. Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic, geochemical, and sedimentological methods were combined to date and analyze seven middle to late Pleistocene northwest Pacific sediment cores from water depths of 5100 to 5700 m. Besides largely coherent tephra layers, the most striking features of these records are nearly magnetite-free zones corresponding to glacial marine isotope stages (MISs) 22, 12, 10, 8, 6, and 2. Magnetite depletion is correlated with organic carbon and quartz content and anticorrelated with biogenic barite and opal content. Within interglacial sections and mid-Pleistocene transition glacial stages MIS 20, 18, 16, and 14, magnetite fractions of detrital, volcanic, and bacterial origin are all well preserved. Such alternating successions of magnetic iron mineral preservation and depletion are known from sapropel-marl cycles, which accumulated under periodically changing bottom water oxygen and redox conditions. In the open central northwest Pacific Ocean, the only conceivable mechanism to cause such abrupt change is a modified glacial bottom water circulation. During all major glaciations since MIS 12, oxygen-depleted Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)-sourced bottom water seems to have crept into the abyssal northwest Pacific below ~5000 m depth, thereby changing redox conditions in the sediment, trapping and preserving dissolved and particulate organic matter and, in consequence, reducing and dissolving both, biogenic and detrital magnetite. At deglaciation, a downward progressing oxidation front apparently remineralized and released these sedimentary carbon reservoirs without replenishing the magnetite losses.
Alan Turing: Life and Legacy of a Great Thinker

Foreword (D. Hofstaedter) - Preface (Ch. Teuscher) PART I: TURING'S LIFE AND THOUGHTS Alan's Life: A Short Biography (A. Hodges) - Hacking the Turing Test (V. Paterna) - From Turing to the Information Society (D. Cerqui) PART II: COMPUTATION AND TURING MACHINES The Mechanization of Mathematics (M.J. Beeson) - Hypercomputational Models (M. Stannett) - Turing's Ideas and Models of Computation (E. Eberbach, D. Goldin, P. Wegner) - The Myth of Hypercomputation (M. Davis) - Quantum Computers: The Church-Turing Hypothesis versus the Turing Principle (Ch.G. Timpson) - Implementation of a Self-Replicating Universal Turing Machine (H.F. Restrepo, D. Mange, G. Tempesti) - Cognitive Science and the Turing Machine: An Ecological Perspective (A.J. Wells) PART III: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE TURING TEST Can Machines Think? (D.C. Dennett) - The Law of Accelerating Returns (R. Kurzweil) - The Computer, Artificial Intelligence, and the Turing Test (B.J. Copeland, D. Proudfoot) - Robots and Rule-Following (D. Proudfoot) - Strawberries with Cream, Mistakes, and Other Idiotic Features (Helmut Schnelle) PART IV: THE ENIGMA Alan M. Turing's Contributions to Co-Operation between the UK and the US (L.A. Gladwin) - The Brains behind the Enigma Code Breaking before the Second World War (E. Rakus-Andersson) - Alan Turing at Bletchley Park in World War II (T. Sale) PART V: ALMOST FORGOTTEN IDEAS Turing's Connectionism (Ch. Teuscher) - Watching the Daisies Grow: Turing and Fibonacci Phyollotaxis (J. Swinton) - What would Alan Turing have done after 1954? (A. Hodges)
Improving Taxi Efficiency through Coordinated Runway Crossings

Coordinated runway crossings is a novel concept aimed to improve runway-crossing efficiency by providing taxi clearances containing a time or speed component. The goal is to enable pilots to arrive at, and cross, active runways without a delay. Eight commercial captains participated in a ninety-minute semi-structured interview that explored issues associated with coordinated runway crossings. The results of these interviews were used to generate preliminary information requirements, system requirements, and procedural requirements for a future coordinated runway crossing system.
Heat-Flow Measurements in 17 Perialpine Lakes

Thirty-eight heat-flow measurements were carried out in 17 perialpine lakes to supplement the scanty information concerning the thermal conditions in the crust underlying central Europe. A probe of the corer type was built which allowed the measurement of 11 temperatures at equally spaced subbottom intervals to a maximum penetration of 10.5 m. Measurements of this type were made in Lake Constance, Greifensee, Lake Zurich, Lake Zug, Lake Lucerne, Baldeggersee, Lake Biel, Lake Murten, Lake Neuchâtel, Lake Geneva, Lac d9Annecy, Lac de Bourget, Lago Maggiore, Lago di Lugano, Lago di Como, Lago d9Iseo, and Lago di Garda. After retrieval of the probe, a sediment core was collected for samples on which thermal conductivity was measured with the needle probe method after treating the material to remove exsolved gas pubbles. Continuous seismic-reflection and reflection profiles in all of these lakes provided a set of parameters for gradient correction due to heat-flow refraction. Additional corrections were applied on the basis of palynologically determined sedimentation rates and for the influence of the last period of glaciation. Final heat-flow values obtained in this manner are given. The lesser values are generally found in the more western lakes, north of the Alps; the higher values are found in the more eastern lakes, north and south of the Alps. The higher values are partially confirmed by earlier measurements in lakes but show considerable discrepancy with measurements from the central Alps. This could be explained by the underthrusting of a cold wedge under the Aar and Gotthard Massif in the late Miocene and early Pliocene, which then would lower the temperature gradient in the central Alps.
Online shopping behavior study based on multi-granularity opinion mining: China vs. America

With the development of e-commerce, many products are now being sold worldwide, and manufacturers are eager to obtain a better understanding of customer behavior in various regions. To achieve this goal, most previous efforts have focused mainly on questionnaires, which are time-consuming and costly. The tremendous volume of product reviews on e-commerce websites has seen a new trend emerge, whereby manufacturers attempt to understand user preferences by analyzing online reviews. Following this trend, this paper addresses the problem of studying customer behavior by exploiting recently developed opinion mining techniques. This work is novel for three reasons. First, questionnaire-based investigation is automatically enabled by employing algorithms for template-based question generation and opinion mining-based answer extraction. Using this system, manufacturers are able to obtain reports of customer behavior featuring a much larger sample size, more direct information, a higher degree of automation, and a lower cost. Second, international customer behavior study is made easier by integrating tools for multilingual opinion mining. Third, this is the first time an automatic questionnaire investigation has been conducted to compare customer behavior in China and America, where product reviews are written and read in Chinese and English, respectively. Our study on digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers yields three findings. First, Chinese customers follow the Doctrine of the Mean, and often use euphemistic expressions, while American customers express their opinions more directly. Second, Chinese customers care more about general feelings, while American customers pay more attention to product details. Third, Chinese customers focus on external features, while American customers care more about the internal features of products.
The Soy Moratorium in the Amazon Biome Monitored by Remote Sensing Images

The Soy Moratorium is a pledge agreed to by major soybean companies not to trade soybean produced in deforested areas after 24th July 2006 in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The present study aims to identify soybean planting in these areas using the MOD13Q1 product and TM/Landsat-5 images followed by aerial survey and field inspection. In the 2009/2010 crop year, 6.3 thousand ha of soybean (0.25% of the total deforestation) were identified in areas deforested during the moratorium period. The use of remote sensing satellite images reduced by almost 80% the need for aerial survey to identify soybean planting and allowed monitoring of all deforested areas greater than 25 ha. It is still premature to attribute the recent low deforestation rates in the Amazon biome to the Soy Moratorium, but the initiative has certainly exerted an inhibitory effect on the soybean frontier expansion in this biome.
Atitude dos consumidores relativamente à marca dos distribuidores

this paper studies the consumers` attitudes towards store (private) brands. the attitude towards store brands is the same for the different demographic variables used in the study. the attitude towards private brands has a positive relationship with value consciousness, sale proneness, price quality perceptions and smart shopper self-perception dimensions. consumers that have more price-quality perceptions, purchase more private brands and they have a better attitude toward private brands. We found some differences between gender and socioeconomic group in the private brand.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy—Its Versatility in Analytical Chemistry

The purpose of this review article is to outline recent progress in near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Some particular emphasis is put on the delineation of its versatility in analytical chemistry. NIR spectroscopy is versatile in many aspects. For example, it is electronic spectroscopy as well as vibrational spectroscopy. It is also all-round in applications from basic to practical applications. NIR spectroscopy can be applied to various kinds of materials, bulk materials, thin or thick polymers, tablets, human bodies, and so on. It is particularly powerful in non-invasive, non-destructive, and in situ analysis. In this review, the principles and advantages of NIR spectroscopy are described first, and then its applications to various fields, including polymer science, on-line monitoring, inorganic material research, medical diagnosis, and NIR imaging are introduced.
Central components of the renin‐angiotensin system

1 Re‐establishment of renal blood flow after total renal ischaemia of 4 h duration causes a pressor response in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats and cats. 2 The pressor response is related to the release of renin from the ischaemic kidney. 3 Spinal section at any cervical level or stellate ganglionectomy abolishes the pressor response but spinal section caudad to the thorax or vagotomy and treatment with hexamethonium have no effect. 4 Spinal section and stellate ganglionectomy interfere with the release of renin and with the pressor response to angiotensin.
Thermochronologic constraints on the late Cenozoic exhumation history of the Gurla Mandhata metamorphic core complex, Southwestern Tibet

How the Tibetan plateau is geodynamically linked to the Himalayas is a topic receiving considerable attention. The Karakoram fault plays key roles in describing the structural relationship between southern Tibet and the Himalayas. In particular, considerable debate exists at the southeastern end of the Karakoram fault, where its role is interpreted in two different ways. One interpretation states that slip along the dextral Karakoram fault extends eastward along the Indus‐Yalu suture zone, bypassing the Himalayas. The other interprets that fault slip is fed southward into the Himalayan thrust belt along the Gurla Mandhata detachment (GMD). To evaluate these competing models, the late Miocene history of the GMD was reconstructed from thermokinematic modeling of zircon (U‐Th)/He data. Three east‐west transects reveal rapid cooling of the GMD footwall from 8.0 ± 1.3 Ma to 2.6 ± 0.7 Ma. Model simulations show a southward decrease in slip magnitude and rate along the GMD. In the north, initiation of the GMD range between 14 and 11 Ma with a mean fault slip rate of 5.0 ± 0.9 mm/yr. The central transect shows an initiation age from 14 to 11 Ma with a mean fault slip rate of 3.3 ± 0.6 mm/yr. In the south, initiation began between 15 and 8 Ma with a mean fault slip rate of 3.2 ± 1.6 mm/yr. The initiation ages and slip rates match the Karakoram fault across several timescales, supporting the idea that the two are kinematically linked. Specifically, the data are consistent with the GMD acting as an extensional stepover, with slip transferred southward into the Himalayas of western Nepal.
Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease IS THERE A PLACE FOR INTERNET-BASED INTERVENTIONS?

■ PURPOSE: Internet-based interventions to manage and prevent chronic diseases are becoming increasingly popular, especially for those with limited access to health services. This article reviews Internet-based interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. Studies investigated Internet-based interventions directly to patients and resulted in improvement of cardiovascular-related health outcomes included. ■ RESULTS: Studies were identified (N = 23) investigating the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors. Five studies investigated patients diagnosed with CVD, 6 targeted participants with diabetes, 6 targeted participants with increased cardiovascular risk, and 6 investigated the general population. The majority of studies reported improvement in blood pressure and HbA 1c levels in participants diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Other outcomes included a decreased number of cardiovascular events, improved lipid profile and eating habits, decreased weight, and increased physical activity. ■ CONCLUSIONS: There is emerging evidence that Internet-based interventions may reduce cardiovascular risk in cardiac patients and in populations with a heightened risk of CVD. Such interventions may also rep-resent an alternative method of providing CVD prevention strategies.
Graphs with k-Uniform Edge Betweenness Centrality

The edge betweenness centrality of an edge is defined as the ratio of shortest paths between all pairs of vertices passing through that edge. A graph is said to have k-uniform edge betweenness centrality, if there are k different edge betweenness centrality values. In this thesis we investigate graphs that have k-uniform edge betweenness centrality where k = 2 or 3, and precisely determine the edge betweenness centrality values for various families of graphs.
Real Time Abandoned and Removed Objects Detection System

We proposed a realtime object tracking system that detects the abandoned or disappeared objects. Because these events are caused by human, we used the tracking based algorithm. After the background subtraction by Gaussian mixture model, the shadow removal is applied for accurate object detection. The static object is classified as either of abandoned objects or disappeared object. We assigned monitoring time to the static object to overcome a situation that it is being overlapped by other object. We obtained more accurate detection by using region growing method. We implemented our algorithm by DSP processor and obtained an excellent result throughout the experiment.
Safety-Critical Communication in Avionics

The aircraft of today use electrical fly-by-wire systems for manoeuvring. These safety-critical distributed systems are called flight control systems and put high requirements on the communication networks that interconnect the parts of the systems. Reliability, predictability, flexibility, low weight and cost are important factors that all need to be taken in to consideration when designing a safety-critical communication system. In this thesis certification issues, requirements in avionics, fault management, protocols and topologies for safety-critical communication systems in avionics are discussed and investigated. The protocols that are investigated in this thesis are: TTP/C, FlexRay and AFDX, as a reference protocol MIL-STD-1553 is used. As reference architecture analogue point-to-point is used. The protocols are described and evaluated regarding features such as services, maturity, supported physical layers and topologies.Pros and cons with each protocol are then illustrated by a theoretical implementation of a flight control system that uses each protocol for the highly critical communication between sensors, actuators and flight computers.The results show that from a theoretical point of view TTP/C could be used as a replacement for a point-to-point flight control system. However, there are a number of issues regarding the physical layer that needs to be examined. Finally a TTP/C cluster has been implemented and basic functionality tests have been conducted. The plan was to perform tests on delays, start-up time and reintegration time but the time to acquire the proper hardware for these tests exceeded the time for the thesis work. More advanced testing will be continued here at Saab beyond the time frame of this thesis. (Less)
Atlas of spontaneous and chemically induced tumors in nonhuman primate

Spontaneous tumors chemically induced tumors: cytoxan L-PAM (Melphalan) procarbazin (MIH) methylnitrosourea (MNU) imuran adriamycin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) diethylnitrosamine (DENA) saccharin arsenic sterigmatocystin (SMT) IQ urethane.
A Compensation Algorithm Based on a RSPWVD-Hough Transform for Doppler Expansion in Passive Radar

For passive radar, a long integration time is used to achieve high processing gain in order to detect a weak target. As a result, range migration and Doppler expansion may occur for high-speed targets. A keystone transform can be used to rectify range migration introduced by radial velocity. Tangential velocity, however, may lead to Doppler expansion, which entails a loss of integration gain. In this paper, a signal model is presented to analyze the reason for Doppler expansion. A Doppler expansion compensation method is then introduced based on a RSPWVD-Hough transform for a multiple-target scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed method can compensate, with good performance, for the energy loss caused by Doppler expansion in a multiple-target scene. Additionally, results show that the proposed method is also effective for weak targets, and may therefore improve
EKSTRAKSI DATA GEO-SPATIAL TWITTER(STUDI KASUS: BADAN PENYELENGGARA JAMINAN SOSIAL KESEHATAN )

Twitter is a website owned and operated by twitter.inc that offers social networking in the form of mikrolog allowing users to send and read messages called tweets chirp or in text form with a capacity of up to 140 characters. The research objective of this analysis and geo-spatial data extraction for twitter users, geo-spatial data relating to a spatial location is generally in the form of a map. With the execution of this study, to determine the location where many users are talking about a particular issue, in order to know where the public perception is derived. By utilizing the Application Programming Interface provided by twitter, carried out the withdrawal process the data (Crawling), storage (Storing), analysis (Analyzing), visualization (Vizualizing). Visualization of the data geo-spatial twitter made in the form of a folder.
Report of the Academic Advisory Committee To Virginia Department of Environmental Quality - Freshwater Nutrient Criteria

Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act requires states to assess the condition of their waters and to implement plans to improve the quality of waters identified as impaired. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency guidelines require a stream segment to be listed as impaired when greater than 10% of the measurements of water quality conditions exceed numeric criteria. This can be termed a "raw score" assessment approach. Water quality measurements are samples taken from a population of water quality conditions. Concentrations of pollutants vary naturally, measurement errors may be made, and occasional violations of a standard may be tolerable. Therefore, it is reasonable to view the