Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
G proteins: a family of signal transducers.

DISCOVERY OF THE G-PROTEIN FAMILy 395 HORMONAL CONTROL OF ADENYLATE CYCLASE . 397 Stimulatory G Protein . 397 Inhibitory G Protein . 398 Diseases Produced by Altered G Proteins . 398 VISUAL EXCITATION 399 Transducin Cycle in Vertebrate Photoreceptors 399 Transducin cDNA Sequences . 403 G Proteins in Invertebrate Vision . 403 RECENTLY DISCOVERED ACTIONS OF G PROTEINS 404 Criteria for G Protein Action in Transduction. 404 Control of the Phosphoinositide Cascade 404 Gating of Potassium Channels 405 Roles ofGmG;, andGx . 405 Olfaction . 407 RECURRING MOTIFS IN G PROTEINS 408 Structural Similarities . 408 Mechanistic Similarities . 411
Myocardial b-adrenoceptor down-regulation early after infarction is associated with long-term incidence of congestive heart failure

CLINICAL RESEARCH Heart failure/cardiomyopathy
Investigating the E-Learning Acceptance in Oman: Application of Structural Equation Modelling Approach

Similar to many developing countries, Oman recognizes the importance of e-learning and Information Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance the higher education standards and compete in the global education markets. Many higher education organizations today expect e-learning to add value to their organization and hence improve the economy by extending their educational services to students and other students who are not able to access them due to geographical distance limitation. His Majesty the Sultan Qaboos speech in 2008 adds further motivation for the development of the Information systems and technology in Oman by saying "Information technology and communications have now become the main elements that move forward the development process in this third millennium; therefore, we have afforded our attention to finding a national strategy to develop the skills and abilities of citizens in this domain with the aim of further developing e-government services". The Omani government has supported this process substantially through the development of telecom infrastructure and establishment of Information Technology Authority (ITA) to implement national IT infrastructure and supervise the implementation of digital Oman strategy. Although, there is high consensus in the higher educational literature that e-learning acceptance is vital for the competitive advantage of our organizations. Yet, there are still considerable gaps in our e-learning acceptance and understanding of a range of issues concerning both the conceptual and practical as the higher education in Oman is far behind in the development of e-learning acceptance. The lack of e-learning acceptance in the higher education has created problems for most organizations. Hence, this paper focuses on the investigation of the key factors that influence e-learning acceptance in Omani Universities. The study covered a sample of 800 respondents and applied structural equation modelling approach in the analysis. The findings indicated that the students are intending to use e-learning services. On the other hand, the findings revealed that the main variable that influence their behavior are perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use.
Modulatory effect of intestinal polyamines and trace amines on the spontaneous phasic contractions of the isolated ileum and colon rings of mice

ABSTRACT Background: Gastrointestinal motility modulatory factors include substances of the intestinal content, such as polyamines and trace amines (TAs), the focus of this study. Methods: The amines of food, intestinal content and from faecal bacteria of Swiss mice were determined by HPLC and functionally characterised in isolated distal ileum and medial colon rings. Results: Mouse food and intestinal content contain polyamines (spermidine>putrescine>spermine) and TAs (isoamylamine>cadaverine). Intestinal bacteria mainly produce putrescine and cadaverine. The amines inhibited the spontaneous motility of the ileum (0.1-3 mM) and colon rings (0.01-3 mM, with lower IC50), with: spermine~isoamylamine~spermidine. Spermine inhibition was tetrodotoxin (TTX)-insensitive, while isoamylamine was TTX-sensitive, suggesting neural control. Mainly in the ileum, isoamylamine (3 mM) elicited acute effects modified by TTX, atropine and propranolol, and suppressed by spermine (3 mM), not being localized at the smooth muscle level. The amines assayed (3 mM), except putrescine and cadaverine in the ileum and isoamylamine in the colon, antagonised acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1 mM)-elicited phasic contractions. Isoamylamine and spermine in colon relaxed KCl (100 mM)-elicited tonic contractions, suggesting an effect on smooth muscle, but did not justify the suppression of motility caused by spermine and isoamylamine. Conclusions: Polyamines and TAs of the intestinal content might act on chemosensors and modulate intestinal peristalsis.
Burn Patients Infected With Metallo-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Multidrug-Resistant Strains

Background: Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the burn patients is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and remains a serious health concern among the clinicians. Objectives: The aim of this study was to detect MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in burn patients and determine multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, and respective resistance patterns. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 270 strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from the burn patients referred to Ghotbeddin Burn Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Among them, 55 MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 55 patients hospitalized in burn unit. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and MBLs were determined by the E-test method. Results: Of the 55 burn cases, 29 (53%) were females and 26 (47%) males. Injured burn patients’ ages ranged from 16 to 87 years, with maximum number of cases in the age group of 16 to 36 years (n, 40; 72.7%). Overall, 32 cases were accidental (60%), and 22 were suicidal burns (40%). Of the 55 burn patients, 17 cases were expired (30%). All deaths were due to chemical exposures. In antibiotic susceptibility testing by E-test method, ceftazidime was the most effective one and 35 isolates (63.5%) were resistant to all the 11 tested antibiotics. Conclusions: Routine microbiological surveillance and careful in vitro testing of antibiotics prior to prescription and strict adherence to hospital antibiotic policy may help to prevent, treat, and control MDR and pandrug-resistant (PDR) P. aeruginosa strains in burn units.
A Tribute to Paul Erdős: On arithmetic progressions in sums of sets of integers

3 Proof of Theorem 1 9 3.1 Estimation of the g1 term. 12 3.2 Estimation of the g3 term. 13 3.3 Estimation of the g2 term. 13 3.4 Putting everything together. 14
Trends of Magnet Ingestion in Children, an Ironic Attraction

Background and Objectives: Ingestion of rare earth magnets is a serious ongoing hazard for pediatric patients. Our study aims to investigate whether 2012 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) policy action, in coordination with efforts from consumer and physician advocacy groups, decreased the incidence of magnet ingestions in children in the United States since 2012. Methods: Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to evaluate trends in emergency department (ED) encounters with pediatric patients (<18 years) who presented with suspected magnet ingestions (SMI) from 2010 to 2015. National estimates of SMI were made using the NEISS-supplied weights and variance variables. Results: An estimated 14,586 children (59% male, 50% age <5 years) presented to the ED for SMI from 2010 to 2015. A significant upward trend in magnet-related ED visits preceded the CPSC action, with the peak ingestions of 3167 (95% confidence interval, 1612–4723) recorded in 2012. This was followed by a steady decrease in the rate of SMI to 1907 (95% confidence interval, 1062–2752) in 2015, an average annual decrease of 13.3%. Most importantly, post-federal action estimates demonstrated a downward trend in overall SMI ED visits (P = 0.03). Conclusions: The frequency of magnet ingestions continued to rise from 2010 and then peak in 2012, followed by a decline in magnet ingestion ED visits during the post-federal action years. This down trend emphasizes the importance of advocacy on decreasing magnet ingestions in children. Further study will be required to determine the impact of the court decision to lift the magnet ban in 2016.
The Moderating Role of HPA Activity in the Relations Between Parental Corporal Punishment and Executive Function in Chinese School-Aged Children

Objective: This study tests whether the individual differences in children’s physiological stress systems may enhance our understanding of children’s differential susceptibility to parental corporal punishment (CP) in Chinese families. Method: One hundred fifty school-age children provided morning and late afternoon saliva samples on 3 consecutive days. Child report of parental CP and father report and mother report of child executive function (EF) were obtained. Results: The relations between maternal but not paternal CP and child EF varied as a function of diurnal cortisol change but not morning or afternoon cortisol. Maternal CP was more strongly associated with children’s difficulties in EF in the low-declined cortisol group than in the high-declined cortisol group. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of considering how the physiological stress system may interact with parental harsh discipline to influence child developmental outcomes.
Intracellular IFN-γ expression in natural killer cells precedes lung CD8MT cell recruitment during respiratory syncytial virus infection

IP: 54.70. 40.11 On: Sat, 22 Dec 2018 10:16:01 Journal of General Virology (1998), 79, 2593–2601. Printed in Great Britain .
Sustainable fuel from algae: Challenges and new directions

Research investigating the potential of producing biofuels from algae has been enjoying a recent revival due to heightened oil prices, uncertain fossil fuel sources and legislative targets aimed at reducing our contribution to climate change. If the concept is to become a reality however, many obstacles need to be overcome. It is necessary to minimise energetic inputs to the system and maximize energy recovery. The cultivation process can be one of the greatest energy consumption hotspots in the whole system, recent studies suggest that open ponds provide the most sustainable means of cultivation infrastructure due to low energy requirements compared to more energy intensive photobioreactors. Much focus has also been placed on finding or developing strains of algae which are capable of yielding high oil concentrations combined with high productivity. Yet to cultivate such strains in open ponds is difficult as a result of microbial competition and limited radiation-use efficiency. To improve viability, the use of wastewater has been considered by many researchers as a potential source of nutrients with the added benefit of tertiary water treatment however productivity rates are affected and optimal conditions can be difficult to maintain year round. This paper investigates the process streams which are likely to provide the most viable methods of energy recovery from cultivating and processing algal biomass. The key findings are the importance of a flexible approach which depends upon location of the cultivation ponds and the industry targeted. Additionally this study recommends moving towards technologies producing higher energy recoveries such as pyrolysis or anaerobic digestion as opposed to other studies which have focused upon biodiesel production.
Responsible competitiveness: reshaping global markets through responsible business practices

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to explore the theoretical underpinnings and practical implications of responsible competitiveness, where responsible business practices become a driver of national and regional competitiveness.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on extensive international consultations in association with the United Nations, detailed case studies, and econometric analysis of country level competitiveness and corporate responsibility related data.Findings – The paper concluded that responsible business practices can contribute to national and regional competitiveness, and that without such links corporate responsibility impacts are likely to remain limited.Research limitations/implications – Further sector and issue‐based and country‐level research is needed exploring the potential and practice of responsible competitiveness.Practical implications – Proposes that national and regional strategies for enhancing competitiveness and so also social/environmental outcomes can b.
High-quality chromosome-level genomes of two tilapia species reveal their evolution of repeat sequences and sex chromosomes

Background Tilapias are one of the most farmed fishes that are coined as ‘aquatic chicken’ by the food industry. Like many other teleosts, Nile tilapia and blue tilapia exhibit very recent transition of sex chromosome systems since their divergence about 5 million years ago, making them a great model for elucidating the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms of sex chromosome turnovers. Studies into their sex-determining pathways are also critical for developing genetic sex control in aquaculture. Results We report here the newly produced genomes of Nile tilapia and blue tilapia that integrate long-read sequencing and chromatin conformation data. The two nearly complete genomes have anchored over 97% of the sequences into linkage groups (LGs), and assembled majorities of complex repetitive regions including telomeres, centromeres and rDNA clusters. In particular, we inferred two episodes of repeat expansion at LG3 respectively in the ancestor of cichlids and that of tilapias. The consequential large heterochromatic region concentrated at one end of LG3 comprises tandem arrays of mRNA and small RNA genes, among which we have identified a candidate female determining gene Paics in blue tilapia. Paics show female-specific patterns of single-nucleotide variants, copy numbers and expression patterns in gonads during early gonadogenesis. Conclusions Our work provide a very important genomic resource for functional studies of cichlids, and suggested that unequal distribution of repeat content that impacts the local recombination rate might make some chromosomes more likely to become sex chromosomes.
Osteoclast-associated intracellular ITAM signalling molecules in human peri-implant osteolysis and rheumatoid arthritis.

vi! STATEMENT! OF! ACCESS . viii! DECLARATION! OF! ORIGINALITY . ix! ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. x! PUBLICATIONS . xii! SCIENTIFIC! COMMUNICATIONS . xiii! ABBREVIATIONS.xvi! LIST! OF! FIGURES.xix! LIST! OF! TABLES. xxii! 1. LITERATURE! REVIEW . 1! 1.1. Bone! Remodeling.2! 1.2. InflammationGAssociated! Bone! Diseases.3! 1.2. 1. Peri)implant! Osteolysis . 4! 1.2. 2. Rheumatoid! Arthritis . 6! 1.2. 3. Osteoarthitis.11! 1.3. OsteoclastsG! The! Bone! Resorbing! Cells. 13! 1.3. 1. Differentiation! and! Maturation! of! Osteoclasts.14! 1.3. 1.1. Recruitment! and! Targeting! of! Osteoclasts. 15! 1.3. 1.2. Multinucleation. 17! 1.3. 1.3. Osteoclast)associated! Cell! Markers . 18! 1.3. 2. Mechanism! of! Bone! Resorption.19! 1.3. 3. Osteoclasts! in! Pathology! of! Inflammation)Mediated! Bone! Loss . 22! 1.3. 4. Regulation! on! Osteoclastogenesis! and! Bone! Resorbing! Activity! by! Cytokines . 25! 1.3. 4.1. Tumor! Necrosis! Factor)Alpha! (TNFα). 27! 1.3. 4.2. Interleukin)1! (IL)1). 29! 1.3. 4.3. Macrophage)Colony! Stimulating! Factor! (M)CSF) . 31! 1.3. 5. Molecular! Regulation! and! Intracellular! Signalling! in! Osteoclastogenesis . 32!
Using Quizlet to Enhance Learner Agency and Self-Efficacy in EFL

To motivate independent study, students were introduced to Quizlet, an online flashcard application. Exploratory research provided insight into the extent that Quizlet affects the construction of learner agency and learner self-efficacy. A survey on motivation given to 180 second-year EFL students with an average Common European Framework of Reference level of A1 showed that more than 80% of the students believed studying English was important for their futures, yet less than 25% of the students routinely worked on English assignments. Surveys on Quizlet given after 12 quizzes in a 30-week course showed users responded more positively than nonusers to the statements “I think I’m improving” and “I can make my own sentences using the vocabulary I learned. ” Students’ thoughts on using Quizlet were positive and included positive impressions, perceived usefulness, enjoyment of use, and the intent to use Quizlet again in the future. 英語を学ぶ学生が自主的に学習できるという動機付けになるように学生に対してQuizlet（オンラインフラッシュカードアプリケーション）を導入した。 探索的研究によりQuizletが学習者主体と学習者の自己効力感の構築にどの程度影響を与えるかについて洞察を提供した。 ヨーロッパ言語共通参照枠によるレベルが平均的なA１の2年生の学生180人に実施したモチベーションに関する調査では、学生の80％以上が英語学習は将来のために重要であると捉えているが、日常的に英語の課題に取り組んでいる学生は25％未満に留まった。 また、30週間の科目で12回の語彙`テスト後に行った調査ではQuizlet使用者から「英語力が伸びていると思う」や「学習した語彙を使用して文章を作成できる」という前向きな感想が得られ、それには前向きな印象、有用性の認識、使用の楽しさ、及び将来Quizletを再び使用するという積極的な意図が含まれていた。
Analyzing the Export Performance of the Horticultural Sub-Sector in Ethiopia: ARDL Bound Test Cointegration Analysis

High dependency on traditional primary agricultural commodities and recurrent world market price fluctuations had exposed Ethiopia to foreign earnings instability. To reduce the high dependence on primary agricultural commodities and the associated vulnerability of negative price declines, diversification of trade from primary agricultural commodities into high-value horticultural commodities has attracted the attention of policy makers. The developments made in this area have brought the sector to the position of fifth largest foreign revenue generator for the country. However, given the comparative advantage in marketing and the potential to achieve trade gains that the country possesses, the benefit from the horticultural sub-sector is far below its potential. In this regard, knowledge of the determinants of the industry’s development is very important. So far, no attempt was made to examine factors influencing the export performance of the sector, taking the long period performance of the sector into consideration. Consequently, this study was proposed to examine the factors that have influenced the horticultural export performance of Ethiopia for the period from 1985–2016. Secondary data collected from National Bank of Ethiopia, Ethiopia Horticulture Producer Exporter Association, Ministry of Agriculture of Ethiopia, FAOSTAT, UNCTAD, and the World Bank were used in this study. The short-run and long-run relationships among the series were investigated using the autoregressive-distributed lag (ARDL) bound test cointegration approach. The model result of the Error Correction Model (ECM (-1)) was revealed as negative and significant, whereby it confirmed the existence of cointegration among the series. Its coefficient value was 0.472, which showed 47% of the adjustment will be made in the first year and it will return to its long-run equilibrium after 2.12 years. The model results also showed that the real effective exchange rate, the real GDP of Ethiopia, foreign direct investment (FDI), prices, and the structural break had significantly influenced the horticultural export performance both in the short-run and the long-run. Foreign GDP and real interest rates were revealed significant only in the long-run. Finally, important policy measures deemed to improve the horticultural export performance of Ethiopia were recommended.
User fees removal and community-based management of undernutrition in Burkina Faso: what effects on children’s nutritional status?

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of an intervention combining user fees removal with community-based management of undernutrition on the nutrition status in children under 5 years of age in Burkina Faso. Design: The study was a non-equivalent control group post-test-only design based on household survey data collected 4 years after the intervention onset in the intervention and comparison districts. Additionally, we used propensity score weighting to achieve balance on covariates between the two districts, followed by logistic multilevel modelling. Setting: Two health districts in the Sahel region. Participants: Totally, 1116 children under 5 years of age residing in 41 intervention communities and 1305 from 51 control communities. Results: When comparing children living in the intervention district to children living in a non-intervention district, we determined no differences in terms of stunting (OR = 1·13; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·54) and wasting (OR = 1·21; 95 % CI 0·90, 1·64), nor in severely wasted (OR = 1·27; 95 % CI 0·79, 2·04) and severely stunted (OR = 0·99; 95 % CI 0·76, 1·26). However, we determined that 3 % of the variance of wasting (95 % CI 1·25, 10·42) and 9·4 % of the variance of stunting (95 % CI 6·45, 13·38) were due to systematic differences between communities of residence. The presence of the intervention in the communities explained 2 % of the community-level variance of stunting and 3 % of the community-level variance of wasting. Conclusions: With the scaling-up of the national free health policy in Africa, we stress the need for rigorous evaluations and the means to measure expected changes in order to better inform health interventions.
Introduction to semi-classical methods for the Schrödinger operator with magnetic field

2 On the Schrödinger operators with magnetic fields 5 2.1 Preliminaries . 5 2.2 Selfadjointness . 6 2.3 Spectral theory . 8 2.4 Lieb-Thirring inequalities . 9 2.5 Diamagnetism . 10 2.6 Very rough estimates for the Dirichlet realization . 12 2.7 Magnetic bottles . 14 2.8 Other rough lower bounds. 15
Health-Related Stigma in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) often exhibit poor treatment adherence and suboptimal glucose control. Health-related stigma may adversely influence diabetes self-management behavior. The aim of the current study was to explore health-related stigma among young adults with T1DM using qualitative descriptive methods in focus groups. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 14 young adults ages 20 to 34 with T1DM. Using content analysis, transcripts from two focus groups were analyzed, and five main themes were identified: (a) Desire to be Seen as a Person, Not a Disease; (b) Wanting to be "Normal"; (c) Feeling Ashamed Managing Diabetes in Public; (d) Struggling to Overcome Anger and Distress; and (e) Feeling Distrusted by Others to Manage Their Condition. Young adults with T1DM reported experiencing a high degree of stigma in their daily lives, which negatively influenced their self-management and psychological well-being. Stigma led to delaying blood glucose monitoring and insulin dosing and feelings of anger and distress. Young adults with T1DM require strategies to help cope with stigma and the anger and distress they experience. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56(10), 44-51. ].