Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ancient Households of the Americas: Conceptualizing What Households Do

In this book archaeologists investigate the fundamental role of household production in ancient, colonial, and contemporary households. Several different cultures -- Iroquois, Coosa, Anasazi, Hohokam, San Agustin, Wankarani, Formative Gulf Coast Mexico, and Formative, Classic, Colonial, and contemporary Maya -- are analysed through the lens of household archaeology in concrete, data-driven case studies. The text is divided into three sections: Section I examines the spatial and social organization and context of household production; Section II looks at the role and results of households as primary producers; and Section III investigates the role of, and interplay among, households in their greater political and socio-economic communities. In the past few decades, household archaeology has made substantial contributions to our understanding and explanation of the past through the documentation of the household as a social unit -- whether small or large, rural or urban, commoner or elite. These case studies from a broad swath of the Americas make Ancient Households of the Americas extremely valuable for continuing the comparative interdisciplinary study of households.
Rural Recreation Lifestyles: Trends in Recreation Activity Patterns and Self-Reported Quality of Life and Health—An Exploratory Study

An exploratory study was undertaken to determine the trends in rural residents’ recreational activity patterns from 1979 to 1998 and their self-reported quality of life and health for the most recent year—1998. In addition, selected activities were grouped into activity pattern lifestyles and the relationships between residency and self-reported quality of life and health were explored. Quality of life was measured by level of agreement to nine self-reported statements and 10 self-reported statements measured quality of health. While activity trend patterns were examined for 18 different activities, the change in activity interest for rural residents indicated growth in participation among 13 activities and 11 of these activities grew at rates exceeding the national population change rate. In the 90s, participation rates increased among rural residents for 15 of 18 activities. Activities with the largest growth rates in the 90s among rural residents were: backpacking, snowmobiling, hunting, saltwater fishing, hiking, freshwater fishing and horseback riding and activities. Activities with decreased participation rates in the 90s were ice skating, downhill skiing and water skiing. Recreation lifestyles (i.e., community, resource, water and winter-based activities) were further examined for the study year 1998 by quality of life and health. Relationships between residency and self-reported quality of life and health existed when active lifestyles were controlled (i.e., participated in any of the individual group activities versus not participating in group activities). The relationships between residency and self-reported quality of life and health revealed a number of unique relationships. Rural residents who participated in golf, tennis and fitness walking (a community-based activity lifestyle) were the most diverse in their quality of life statements. Enjoying time with family was consistently a higher priority among rural residents across all lifestyles than for metro residents. Even though rural residents were active, they were also consistently more concerned about their personal health. Metro residents reported being more consistent in a regular exercise routine. Implications for rural recreation planners and programmers are discussed.
THE ISLAMIC BANKING CUSTOMERS’ INTENTION TO USE DIGITAL BANKING SERVICES: AN INDONESIAN STUDY

This study examines factors that influence Indonesian Islamic banking customers’ behavioral intention to utilize digital banking services using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT 2). The factors examined include effort and performance expectations, social influence, facilitating conditions, price value, hedonic motivation, habits, trialability, and spiritual motivation. The study also examines whether Islamic lifestyle moderates the roles of social influence, habits, and spiritual motivation in the tendency to utilize Islamic digital banking. Gathering data from 195 Indonesian millennials and utilizing the partial least squares structural equation modeling approach (SEM-PLS), we find that not all factors have a positive effect on the propensity to utilize Islamic digital banking services. The performance expectations, social influences, price values, habits, and Islamic lifestyles all have a strong favorable effect on the desire to use digital banking. Meanwhile, the facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, trialability, and spiritual motivation only slightly affect the intention to use digital banking. Finally, the paper notes that absence of Islamic lifestyle’s moderating role.
“Profitability is sustainability:” framing of forest management practices by the Swedish forest industry

ABSTRACT This article investigates how the Swedish forest industry, as represented by the three largest Swedish private forest companies (Svenska Cellulosa AB, Stora Enso, and Holmen), through their main public relations (PR) channels frame the current dominant Swedish forestry model and alternative models that are promoted by the European Union (EU). The content analysis of the three companies’ trade magazines published between 2019 and 2022 explores the patterns in the PR framing of the forest management models with respect to economic, environmental, and social aspects. The time interval is centered by the July 2021 announcement of the EU's new Forest Strategy for 2030. The magazines’ target audience is private forest owners, from whom Svenska Cellulosa AB, Stora Enso, and Holmen buy 40–50% of the timber used in production. The main finding of the study is that these corporations did not present alternative methods as viable options to replace the Swedish forestry model. The magazines, with some individual variations, respond to the alternative methods promoted by the EU and environmental associations by an increased emphasis on the benefits, mainly environmental, of the Swedish forestry model – framing the model as not only the most profitable but also the most ecologically sustainable.
Echocardiography algorithms to assess high left atrial pressure and grade diastolic function in preterm infants

Relaxation, restoring forces, myocardial stiffness and atrial function determine left ventricular (LV) diastolic function. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of diastolic function in preterm infants using conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking imaging and determine the diagnostic accuracy of various algorithms to detect high left atrial pressure (LAP).
Motion Contrast Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases like age-related macular degeneration is very important for treatment of the disease as well as the development of future treatments. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical interference technique which can measure the three-dimensional structural information of the reflecting layers within a sample. In retinal imaging, OCT is used as the primary diagnostic tool for structural abnormalities such as retinal holes and detachments. The contrast within the images of this technique is based upon reflectivity changes from different regions of the retina. This thesis demonstrates the developments of methods used to produce additional contrast to the structural OCT images based on the tiny fluctuations of motion experienced by the mobile scatterers within a sample. Motion contrast was observed for motions smaller than 50 nm in images of a variety of samples. Initial contrast method demonstrations used Brownian motion differences to separate regions of a mobile Intralipid solution from a static agarose gel, chosen in concentration to minimize reflectivity contrast. Zebrafish embryos in the range of 3-4 days post fertilization were imaged using several motion contrast methods to determine the capabilities of identifying regions of vascular flow. Vasculature identification was demonstrated in zebrafish for blood vessels of all orientations as small as 10 microns in diameter. Mouse retinal imaging utilized the same motion contrast methods to determine the contrast capabilities for motions associated with vasculature within the retina. Improved contrast imaging techniques demonstrated comparable images to fluorescein angiography, the gold standard of retinal vascular imaging. Future studies can improve the demonstrated contrast analysis techniques and apply them towards human retinal motion contrast imaging for ophthalmic diagnostic purposes.
EMG-Based Control of Active Ankle-Foot Prosthesis

Most below-knee prostheses are manufactured in Iraq without considering the fast progress in smart prostheses, which can offer movements in the desired directions according to the type of control system designed for this purpose. The proposed design appears to have the advantages of simplicity, affordability, better load distribution, suitability for subjects with transtibial amputation, and viability in countries with people having low socio-economic status. The designed prosthetics consisted of foot, ball, and socket joints, two stepper motors, a linkage system, and an EMG shield. All these materials were available in the local markets in Iraq. The experimental results showed that the maximum range of motion to move the designed prosthetic in the sagittal and frontal planes reached 70% of the healthy foot range of motion relative to the signals of the gastrocnemius muscle of a healthy leg person. The angles that represented the range of motion achieved in various directions at the ankle joint were Dorsiflexion Angle (35˚), Plantar Flexion Angle (25˚), Inversion Angle (20˚), and Eversion Angle (15˚).
But They Breed Like Rabbits, Don't They? Plight of the Western Gray Squirrel in Washington

Extended Abstract: An icon of oak-conifer woodlands along the west coast of the United States, the native western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus) struggles to maintain its foothold in Washington State. Hunting seasons were closed in 1950, but population levels have failed to rebound. Klickitat County, in south central Washington, has long been considered the core of Washington’s western gray squirrel population, yet population densities of 0.1–0.2 squirrels/ha are among the lowest reported for any tree squirrel in North America. Research on radio-collared squirrels indicates that females occupy large home ranges and nearly exclusive core areas centered on stands of large ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Site fidelity is high for reproductive females, and newcomers readily occupy core areas vacated when a resident female dies. These observations are consistent with the assumptions of Moffat’s equilibrium, which are (1) breeding sites are limited and defended from potential conspecific competitors (i.e., breeders), and (2) all available breeding sites are occupied (Moffat 1903; Hunt 1998). Moffat worked with breeding birds and found that individuals maximize their lifetime reproductive fitness by delaying breeding until a site of sufficient quality becomes available. These potential breeders are termed floaters, and their presence is indicative of a population at equilibrium. We used Moffat’s test to determine whether western gray squirrels in Klickitat County exist in a state of population equilibrium. A Microsoft Excel workbook programmed with Moffat’s equations (Hunt and Law 2000) was run with the following parameters: (1) adult survival averages 0.61 ± 0.19 SD (n = 31 for 1999, n = 13 for 2000, n = 22 for 2001, and n = 44 for 2002 [measured]), (2) reproductive rate averages 3.0 ± 0.9 young per litter (n = 30 [measured]), (3) a 1:1 sex ratio for adults and juveniles, (4) subadult survival is 0.60 (assumed for a good food year [Gurnell 1987]), (5) juvenile survival is 0.50 (assumed for a good food year [Gurnell 1987]), (6) squirrels live for 9 years, (7) squirrels are subadults for 1 year, and (8) reproductive rates are the same for adults and subadults. Population size was set arbitrarily, beginning with 100 breeding females and 100 territories. Western gray squirrels in Klickitat County failed Moffat’s test, showing a lack of floaters (-86) and appearing to be in decline. We then ran a model of unconstrained population growth (λ ) to determine what rates of survival and reproduction are required to reverse current trends
Eye-tracking: the influence of picture and text layout on the effect of commercial advertising

: Advertisements play a crucial role in promoting products and shaping the brand image. The primary purpose of advertising is to capture consumers' attention and convey brand-related information. In this study, we investigate two typesetting methods in advertisements. The positions of images and text, whether on the left or right side, are treated as independent variables, while the gazing behavior of subjects is considered the dependent variable. Twenty subjects were included and divided into two groups. Each group was exposed to corresponding advertising materials—one viewed advertising posters with text on the left-hand side and images on the right-hand side, while the other group observed posters with text on the right-hand side and images on the left-hand side. The subjects' gazing behaviors were recorded using an eye tracker, enabling us to identify and quantify their attention. Subsequently, statistical analyses were conducted. The results indicate that the subjects paid more attention to the text information and less attention to the images. Furthermore, the horizontal position of the text and pictures also influenced the subjects' attention. These findings provide valuable insights for advertising design, emphasizing the significance of strategically placing text and images to optimize the effectiveness of advertisements.
Visually elicited attack behaviour in Cupiennius salei

Das visuelle System von Cupiennius salei besteht aus vier Augenpaaren, die in zwei Augentypen unterschieden werden. Die Hauptaugen sind spezialisiert um Ziele zu unterscheiden, wahrend die Nebenaugen notwendig sind um die Anwesenheit eines bewegten visuellen Stimulus wahrzunehmen (Schmid, 1998; Neuhofer et al. 2009). Diese Studie beschaftigt sich mit der Frage, ob ein Angriffsverhalten alleine durch einen visuellen Stimulus ausgelost werden kann und welche Eigenschaften dieser haben muss, um solch eine Reaktion hervorzurufen. Der Fokus lag auf dem Steigungswinkel des Stimuluspfades, um zu uberprufen ob es eine Praferenz fur einen Reiz entlang eines horizontalen oder schragen Pfades gibt. Der Versuchsaufbau musste so gestaltet werden, dass alle mechano-sensorischen Informationsquellen, wie Vibrationen und Luftstrome ausgeschlossen werden konnten. Aus diesem Grund wurde der Stimulus auf einem Computerbildschirm gezeigt, die Spinnen durch Trennwande separiert und zusatzlich ihre Aufbewahrungsbehalter auf Styroporblocke gestellt.Die Vorversuche konzentrierten sich auf die Grose und Geschwindigkeit des Reizes. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einen Anstieg in Reaktionen gegenuber groserer Stimuli, welche sich mit langsamer Geschwindigkeit fortbewegten. Die weiteren Experimente wurden mit einem Stimulus von 6cm im Durchmesser und einer langsamen Geschwindigkeit durchgefuhrt. Das Hauptinteresse in dieser Studie galt der Ausrichtung des Pfades dem der Stimulus folgt. Vier verschiedene Moglichkeiten wurden getestet: ein Reiz entlang einer horizontalen Linie und entlang eines Pfades mit drei verschiedenen Steigungswinkeln (25°, 55°, 75°). Prasentierte man den Reiz entlang der Horizontalen konnten nur wenige Reaktionen ausgelost werden. Die Erhohung des Steigungswinkels fuhrte zu einem Anstieg an Reaktionen. Die starkste Antwortsrate wurde bei einem Winkel von 55° erreicht. Testete man entlang des 75° Winkels wurde ein Ruckgang an Reaktionen beobachtet. Die starke Reaktion gegen grose Stimuli konnte durch hoheren Nahrungsgehalt oder Abwehrverhalten erklart werden. Eine Erklarung fur die Praferenz von gewissen Steigungswinkeln ware, dass ein Reiz in einem bestimmten Winkel das visuelle Feld von Cupiennius salei durchqueren muss.
Natural propagation of freshwater mussels (Lamellidens marginalis) using vegetation in captive environment

Natural breeding of freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis in captive environment had been studied to ensure the availability of juvenile mussel. A method of reproductive influence of farm animal to suit management called controlled breeding. It is aimed at enhances the production number, survival rate as well as optimization of reproductive performance in intensive system. Brood Mussels was stocked at the rate of 80/decimal in three different captive conditions viz Treatment 1; High aquatic vegetation without any disturbance, Treatment-2; Light aquatic vegetation with disturbance and Treatment-3; No aquatic vegetation with disturbance for breeding. As the freshwater mussel needs host fish to fulfill its life cycle, different fish species were stocked at the rate of 150/decimal. Microscopic observation indicated the occurrence of higher glochidia in the gills and fin of Oreochromis niloticus , Puntius sarana and Heteropneustes fossilis during breeding season. After nine month of brood mussel culture juvenile mussels were harvested from the ponds. A total of 2425±122.01 juvenile mussels per decimal were collected from the treatment 1 followed by 750±55.97 and 370±46.70 juvenile mussels from treatment 2 and treatment 3 respectively. During the research period, all activities' water quality parameters were favorable. The study revealed that ponds with high aquatic vegetation provides suitable environment during the breeding season for the breeding of freshwater mussels and high number of juveniles was produced in captive area.
Comparison Between the Trap Bar Dead Lift and Back Squat Exercises on Vertical Jump

Comparison Between the Trap Bar Dead Lift and Back Squat Exercises on Vertical Jump Douglas A. Young Jr. Department of Exercise Sciences, BYU Master of Science The ability to produce power during competition is essential. Football requires explosive power in order to get off the ball faster, increase speed of the first step, and increase the height of the vertical jump. Most strength training professionals use the back squat to increase power of the lower extremities; however, as large forces are placed on the back, athletes are at greater risk for injury. The trap bar dead lift is similar to the back squat in movement and form, but the trap bar dead lift reduces the force on the lower back. After testing for maximum vertical jump, athletes at Timpview High School participated in a strength program using either back squats or trap bar dead lift for seven weeks. A pre-test, mid-test and post-test were performed to calculate the increase in maximum vertical jump, if any. It was found that neither lift was significantly different than the other when testing for maximum vertical jump. These results will allow strength training professionals to use the trap bar dead lift instead of the back squats in subjects similar to those participating in the study.
The value of reverse knowledge transfer: Case of Austrian Bank subsidiary in Slovakia

This research focuses on reverse knowledge transfer from Central Europe to Western Europe by analyzing the contribution of a specific Slovak subsidiary to MNC knowledge. It explores the first digital bank created in Slovakia, its origin, expectations, results, and expertise transmitted from the daughter company to the Austrian headquarters. The paper analyses the situation of Raiffeisen Bank International, headquartered in Vienna, and its digital daughter company ZUNO founded in Slovakia in 2010. It identifies the learnings transferred to the parent in digital banking, marketing, operational, HR, and strategic management. The authors also study subsidiary integration within MNC, alignment of its structure and processes with the parent and conclude that the new knowledge generation was especially valuable in digital banking, at work with new client segments, in implementing new forms of marketing, working with new technologies, creating new structures, and transferring them to the other foreign markets.
Plasma Proteome Association with Coronary Heart Disease and Carotid Intima Media Thickness: results from the KORA F4 study

Background and aims: Atherosclerosis is the main cause of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD), both leading mortality causes worldwide. Proteomics, as a high-throughput method, could provide helpful insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. In this study, we characterized the associations of plasma protein levels with CHD and with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis. Methods: The discovery phase included 1000 participants from the KORA F4 study, whose plasma protein levels were quanti�ed using the aptamer-based SOMAscan proteomics platform. We evaluated the associations of plasma protein levels with CHD using logistic regression, and with CIMT using linear regression. For both outcomes we applied two models: an age-sex adjusted model, and a model additionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes status, hypertension status, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels (fully-adjusted model). The replication phase included a matched case-control sample from the independent KORA F3 study, using ELISA-based measurements of galectin-4. Pathway analysis was performed with nominally associated proteins (p-value < 0.05) from the fully-adjusted model. Results: In the KORA F4 sample, after Bonferroni correction, we found CHD to be associated with �ve proteins using the age-sex adjusted model: galectin-4 (LGALS4), renin (REN), cathepsin H (CTSH), and coagulation factors X and Xa (F10). The fully-adjusted model yielded only the positive association of galectin-4 (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.3 - 1.93), which was successfully replicated in the KORA F3 sample (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09 - 1.88). For CIMT, we found four proteins to be associated using the age-sex adjusted model namely: cytoplasmic protein NCK1 (NCK1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRA1). After assessing the fully-adjusted model, only NCK1 remained signi�cant ((cid:0) = 0.017, p-value = 1.39e-06). Upstream regulators of galectin-4 and NCK1 identi�ed from pathway analysis were predicted to be involved in in�ammation pathways. Conclusions: Our proteome-wide association study identi�ed galectin-4 to be associated with CHD and NCK1 to be associated with CIMT. In�ammatory pathways underlying the identi�ed associations highlight the importance of in�ammation in the development and progression of CHD.