Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and application of a physically-based distributed rainfall-runoff model

A physically-based distributed rainfall-runoff model is developed to simulate the hydrological processes of watershed during rainfall period for considering the spatial variability of terrain,the land use,the soil type and the rainfall distribution.This model discretizes watershed into a number of square elements,and classifies them into hill-slope and channel ones based on the water flow properties.Each hill-slope grid element has model components for interception,infiltration,overland flow and soil water lateral flow,and each channel element has model components of channel flow.The infiltration and excess rainfall on each hillslope element are calculated using the Green-Ampt infiltration equation.Soil lateral flow is based on the(Darcy's) law and the continuity equation,the overland and channel flows are described by one dimensional kinematic wave approximation to the St Venant equations,and the implicit finite differential scheme is used to solve these equations.This model has the characteristics of simple structure,the processbased equations and the meaningful physical parameters.Most parameters of the model can be derived from the DEM,the digital soil type and the land use data, a few sensitive ones can be determined by the calibration.The model calibration and test are performed in huangtuling watershed(17.9? km~2),a sub-basin of Yongjiang river in Zhejiang province,south-eastern China,and applied to Jiaokou watershed(259? km~2),another sub-basin of Yongjiang river,the results are promising.
Prevalence and factors associated with academic plagiarism in freshmen students of Social Work and Social Education: an empirical analysis

This article focuses on the study of academic plagiarism among freshmen university students enrolled in the degrees of Social Work and Social Education. Through a questionnaire applied to 913 students from 6 cohorts, the prevalence of plagiarism and some of the main factors associated with this phenomenon are analysed. The main results indicate that the students with the greatest tendency to plagiarize are associated with being male, younger, consider themselves to be worse students, value plagiarism less seriously, are poorly motivated by their studies and face academic tasks with a propensity to procrastinate. Finally, the students who plagiarize the most in their assignments are also the ones with the greatest propensity toward dishonest behaviour in other evaluation activities and the ones who attach the least seriousness to this fraud. The conclusions of the study indicate and provide areas for interventions aimed at promoting academic integrity and reducing fraudulent practices in higher education based on evidence.
activity beyond sleep to peripartum mood and anxiety

Objective: In one of the largest and most comprehensive studies investigating the link between objective parameters of sleep and biological rhythms with peripartum mood and anxiety to date, we prospectively investigated the trajectory of subjective and objective sleep and biological rhythms, levels of melatonin, and light exposure from late pregnancy to postpartum and their relationship with depressive and anxiety symptoms across the peripartum period. Methods: One hundred women were assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy, of whom 73 returned for follow-ups at 1–3 weeks and 6–12 weeks postpartum. Participants were recruited from an outpatient clinic and from the community from November 2015 to May 2018. Subjective and objective measures of sleep and biological rhythms were obtained, including 2 weeks of actigraphy at each visit. Questionnaires validated in the peripartum period were used to assess mood and anxiety. Results: Discrete patterns of longitudinal changes in sleep and biological rhythm variables were observed, such as fewer awakenings ( F = 23.46, P < .001) and increased mean nighttime activity ( F = 55.41, P < .001) during postpartum compared to late pregnancy. Specific longitudinal changes in biological rhythm parameters, most notably circadian quotient, activity during rest at night, and probability of transitioning from rest to activity at night, were most strongly linked to higher depressive and anxiety symptoms across the peripartum period. Conclusions: Biological rhythm variables beyond sleep were most closely associated with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms across the peripartum period. Findings from this study emphasize the importance of biological rhythms and
LEGENDARY PERFORMANCES: Folklore, Repertoire and Mapping

Maps can play an important role in understanding the close connection between individuals, their lived environment and their story repertoires. The legend genre is particularly related to local environment. Although the original historic-geographic method proposed by Kaarle and Julius Krohn has been largely abandoned by folklorists, the role the map can play in advancing our understanding of the important relationships between teller, told and the environment should not be dismissed. A new approach to folklore repertoire is presented here. This approach makes use of digital archival resources and geographic information systems that allow folklorists to visualize and interpret aspects of folklore closely linked to the environment. This paper presents several small experiments based on the legend collections of Evald Tang Kristensen as an illustration of the power of this new historic-geographic approach.
epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden of illness of lower limb spasticity in adults: a systematic review

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, humanistic, and economic burden of illness associated with adult lower limb spasticity (LLS) and its complications. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE identified 23 studies published between January 2002 and October 2012 that assessed the epidemiology, impact, and resource use associated with LLS. A hand-search of four neurology conferences identified abstracts published between 2010 and 2012. Results: LLS was found to occur in one third of adults after stroke, half to two thirds with multiple sclerosis, and three quarters with cerebral palsy. LLS limits mobility and reduces quality of life. No clear association was found between LLS and occurrence of pain, development of contractures, or risk of falls. Conclusion: The evidence on the burden of LLS and its complications is surprisingly limited given the condition’s high prevalence among adults with common disorders, such as stroke. Further research is needed to clarify the impact of LLS, including the likelihood of thrombosis in spastic lower limbs. The dearth of high-quality evidence for LLS suggests a lack of awareness of, and interest in, the problem, and therefore, the unmet need among patients and their carers.
Investigating Possible Arctic–Midlatitude Teleconnections in a Linear Framework

AbstractThere is an ongoing debate over whether accelerated Arctic warming [Arctic amplification (AA)] is altering the large-scale circulation responsible for the anomalous weather experienced by midlatitude regions in recent years. Among the proposed mechanisms is the idea that local processes associated with sea ice loss heat the lower troposphere at high latitudes, thus weakening the equator-to-pole temperature gradient and driving changes in quasi-stationary waves, the midlatitude jets, and storm tracks. It is further hypothesized that these circulation changes are conducive to persistent weather patterns. Because of the short observational record and large atmospheric internal variability, it is difficult to identify robust relationships and infer causality. Here, a simplified, linear, steady-state model is used to investigate the direct response of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to thermal forcing in the Arctic. The results suggest that there is a weak midlatitude circulation response to an.
Effects of chamber shapes on maneuverability and control property of endoscope-support soft actuators

Introduction: Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) offers targeted surgical access with reduced invasiveness; however, the maneuverability challenges of traditional instruments in this domain underscore the need for innovative solutions. Soft actuators activated by fluids or gases present a promising strategy for augmenting endoscopic capabilities, thereby enhancing the surgical precision in MIS. This study aimed to explore the intricate dynamics of the interactions between soft actuators and endoscopes, with an emphasis on the pivotal role of cross-sectional chamber shapes. While previous studies have touched on the influence of chamber shapes on bending properties, we provide a comprehensive exploration. We explore how these shapes modulate friction forces, which in turn influence the interactions governing bending, response, and stiffness adjustability, all of which are essential for enhancing endoscope maneuverability in MIS contexts. Methods: A novel bilateral symmetrical air chamber design was adopted to investigate various chamber shapes. We employed finite element analysis (FEA) simulations followed by prototype testing to evaluate the interactions driven by these chamber shapes and to discern their impact on actuator properties. Recognizing the pivotal role of friction in these interactions, we conducted dedicated friction experiments. These experiments further deepened our understanding of the relationship between chamber shape and friction, and how this synergy influences the properties of the actuator. Results: Our findings showed that actuators with wider chambers generate larger friction forces, thereby enhancing the interaction and improving the bending, response, and stiffness adjustability. Additionally, the soft actuator significantly improved the maneuverability and bending radius of the endoscope, demonstrating enhanced navigation capabilities in complex environments. Discussion: The shape of a cross-sectional chamber plays a pivotal role in designing soft actuators for MIS applications. Our research emphasizes the importance of this design component, offering key insights for the development of endoscope-supporting soft actuators that can effectively handle intricate actuator-endoscope interactions, thereby enhancing surgical outcomes.
The challenges and opportunities in conserving wide-ranging cross-border species : a case study of the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area elephant population.

Transfrontier conservation areas potentially play a key role in conserving biodiversity and promoting socioeconomic development. However, socio-political factors often affect their effectiveness in achieving biodiversity conservation and sustainable development objectives. Following a transdisciplinary approach, I assessed the challenges and opportunities in conserving and managing the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) population within the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area (GMTFCA) in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, southern Africa. The results showed that the current rate of offtake of bull elephant in the GMTFCA is unsustainable. At current rates of hunting, in fact, trophy bulls were predicted to disappear from the population in less than 10 years. Elephant densities were higher in South Africa and Botswana where the gross domestic product is higher. In addition, elephant densities were higher at sites where the proportion of agricultural land around them was the lowest and where vegetation productivity was the highest. Trophy hunting, as well as other localised human activities, also affected the distribution of elephant within sites, forcing them to trade-off between disturbance avoidance and the availability of food and water. While at the international level, a significant body of law and policy relevant to elephant conservation exists, I found that there was little cooperation among Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, and a lack of implementation of these provisions on a national and trilateral level. Overall, this study confirmed that poverty was an important factor affecting elephant abundance at the country level, but highlighted that, at the site level, anthropogenic disturbance played a crucial role. A revision of the current hunting quotas within each country and the establishment of a single multi-jurisdictional (cross-border) management authority regulating the hunting of elephant is needed. Further, to reduce the impact of increasing human populations and agricultural expansion, the development of coordinated legislation and policies to improve land use planning, and the development of conservation corridors to link current protected areas, is needed. The issues regarding the management of this elephant population illustrate the significant challenges involved in achieving a comprehensive, consistent and effective implementation of a transboundary population approach. Southern African countries make an important contribution to elephant conservation and could soon become the last stronghold of elephant conservation in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, immediate actions are needed to reduce pressures from human activities in order to enhance the long-term persistence of the species.
Evaluation of Width and Thickness of the Attached Gingiva and Its Association with Age, Gender, and Arch Location in the Nepalese Population

Purpose. The width and thickness of the attached gingiva are important clinical parameters. Considerable variations exist in the same as well as in different individuals. This study aimed to assess the width and thickness of the attached gingiva and its relationship with age, gender, and arch location in the Nepalese population. Methods. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 individuals visiting the periodontics department, who were categorized into three age groups with an equal distribution of gender in each group. The width of attached gingiva (WAG) was determined using the University of North Carolina-15 probe after locating the mucogingival junction. Data were gathered and entered in Excel sheet version 19, and SPSS version 20 was used for further analysis. The mean and standard deviations were calculated. The independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to find out the significant difference between variables. The correlation between dependent and independent variables was discovered with the help of the Pearson correlation test. The significance level was set at 5% with a 95% confidence level. Results. 120 individuals with 1440 teeth were examined to measure the WAG with an equal distribution of gender. The maximum WAG was found on the maxillary right lateral incisor and minimum width on the mandibular left first premolar. The average WAG was greater in the upper arch (3.19 mm) than in the lower arch (2.71 mm). The maximum thickness (1.728 mm) of the attached gingiva was found on the mandibular left first molars and minimum width (0.667 mm) on the mandibular left first premolars. Conclusions. As individuals age, there is a reduction in gingival thickness, accompanied by an increase in the WAG across both dental arches. In terms of gender differences, females exhibit a higher thickness of attached gingiva (TAH) than their male counterparts.
Pyocyanin: A Powerful Inhibitor Of bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation

Pyocyanin, a pigment naturally produced by most Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and noted to have a role in the wellbeing of the organism and its pathogenicity, was studied for its role as an inhibitor of bacterial growth and biofilm formation of many clinical bacterial isolates. The organisms included in the study were 33isolates of 11 different bacterial species. The results showed that most of the Gram-positive isolates from the 3species included in the study: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus fecal is were inhibited at low concentrations of pyocyanin. The results varied for the Gram-negative organisms tested. Whereas the growth of the Escherichia coli , Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter cloacae and A. baumannii isolates was clearly inhibited even by low concentrations of pyocyanin, the growth of Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis and Morganella morganii was not affected even by higher concentrations of pyocyanin. The methanol extract of the pigment was highly effective in preventing the biofilm forming ability of all S. saprophyticus , A. baumannii , E. cloacae and K. pneumoniae isolates, 3 of the 4 P. mirabilis isolates and 2 of the 5 E. coli isolates. All the other isolates tested, also showed a moderate antibiofilm activity This study revealed that pyocyanin has a powerful inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth and/or biofilm forming ability of the numerous clinically significant isolates tested, a characteristic that can prove valuable in developing new drugs for the treatment and prevention of different bacterial infections, once its safety for regular use has been assessed.
Macaronesian Plants as Promising Biopesticides against the Crop Pest Ceratitis capitata

Ceratitis capitata is responsible for significant economic losses in the fruit production industry, and the market lacks biopesticides that are effective but also cheaper and less contaminating, with fewer negative impacts on the environment. In this regard, the present study suggests as potential options ethanolic extracts from several Macaronesian plants, which inhibit the oviposition and are toxic to C. capitata, and whose preparation involve a non-toxic solvent (i.e., ethanol), low energy expenditure and cheap apparatus (i.e., maceration at room temperature). Among the evaluated species, the extracts of Hedychium gardnerianum, Cistus symphytifolius and Salvia canariensis are the most active (50 mg/mL), revealing an increase in C. capitata adults’ mortality from 21.15% to 27.41% after 72 h, a value statistically identical to azadirachtin (25.93%) at the recommended concentration (0.88 mg/mL). Considering the quantity and biomass available to prepare a biopesticide in the future, and the level of activity, the ethanolic extract of H. gardnerianum was fractionated and each fraction tested. The water fraction at 50 mg/mL proved to be more effective than the original extract, both in terms of mortality (57.69%), with LT50 = 72.5 h, and oviposition deterrence (83.43%), values statistically higher than those obtained by azadirachtin at 0.88 mg/mL. Analysis of this fraction by HPLC-MS/MS showed that it is mainly composed of glycosylated derivatives of quercetin and myricetin in addition to some triterpenes. These findings highlight some Macaronesian species, and in particular, the more polar fraction of H. gardnerianum ethanolic extract, as promising and ecological alternatives to conventional insecticides, for use in the integrated management of the C. capitata pest.
Relationship Marketing Dalam Mengembangkan Objek Wisata "Studi Kasus Pada Paguyuban Alam Pakidulan Sukabumi/PAPSI Geopark Ciletuh Sukabumi"

ABSTRACT This study departs from the increasing of tourism sector which is capable in prospering a community and able to contribute to national development, one of the tourism sector that has huge potential to grow and contribute to the welfare of society is a tourist attraction of Geopark Ciletuh that developed by PAPSI as an activator of a tourist attraction. However, the tourist visit at the tourist destination is low. Therefore, a precise marketing communication strategy is necessary to develop the potential object of Geopark Ciletuh and increase tourist visit, one of which is through relationship marketing. The purpose of this research is to find the forms of relationship marketing, trust and commitment with tourists, media users, obstacles as well as the reason to do “Exploring Ciletuh” in developing Geopark Ciletuh. This study uses a qualitative method with case studies approach and search an information from the key informants namely PAPSI Chairman and Marketing department of PAPSI. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, literature study and documentation. After analyzing and in-depth-reviewing the findings in the field, the most proper relationship marketing in developing Geopark Ciletuh is building trust and commitment with tourists, selecting proper communication media, ove rcoming the obstacles. Keywords: Relationship Marketing and tourist attractions of Geopark Ciletuh. ABSTRAK Sektor pariwisata dapat diandalkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pembangunan nasional. Salah satu sektor pariwisata yang memiliki potensi besar untuk berkembang dan berkontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat adalah objek wisata Geopark Ciletuh yang dikembangkan oleh PAPSI sebagai penggerak objek wisata tersebut. Meskipun demikian, kunjungan wisatawan pada destinasi wisata tersebut sangat kurang. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi komunikasi pemasaran yang tepat untuk mengembangkan potensi objek wisata Geopark Ciletuh dan mengembangkan kunjungan wisatawan, salah satunya melalui relationship marketing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk relationship marketing , kepercayaan dan komitmen dengan wisatawan, penggunaan media, hambatan serta alasan melakukan “Exploring Ciletuh” dalam mengembangkan Objek Wisata Geopark Ciletuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, serta menggali informasi dari key informan yaitu Ketua PAPSI dan bagian Pemasaran PAPSI. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara, observasi, studi kepustakaan dan dokumentasi. Setelah melalui analisis dan kajian yang mendalam terhadap penemuan-penemuan di lapangan, maka relationship marketing yang paling tepat dalam mengembangkan objek wisata Geopark Ciletuh adalah membangun kepercayaan dan komitmen dengan wisatawan, memilih media komunikasi yang tepat, mengatasi hambatan-hambatan yang terjadi. Kata kunci: Relationship Marketing dan Objek wisata Geopark Ciletuh
Bioremediation of Mercury- Polluted Water in Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetland System by Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr.

Mercury accumulation in the aquatic environment can be highly harmful. The body takes mercury vapor through the lungs, then absorbs mercury metal through the digestive system, and then the blood carries the metal to the brain. Bioremediation is the process of breaking down or converting harmful compounds into non-toxic forms, which can be accomplished through phytoremediation or phycoremediation. The goal of this study was to examine the growth and anatomy of Euglena sp. after being cultured in the mercury-containing FWS-CW waste treatment system. The ability of Euglena sp. and Echinodorus palifolius to bioremediate mercury at different concentration as well as association and non-association treatments. This study was carried out in a bioreactor known as FSW-CW (Free Water Surface-Constructed Wetlands). Plant growth (plant height and number of leaves), chlorophyll content, diameter of root and petiole, metaxylem diameter of root, petiole, and leaves, cortical thickness of root and leaves, and petiole anatomy were all measured. Water temperature, pH, salinity, and light intensity were all measured as environmental parameters. Mercury treatment reduced Euglena density (183.5 cells. mL-1103 in control and 12.6 cells. mL-1103 in 100 ppm mercury treatment) and number of E. palifolius leaves, but not plant height and chlorophyll. Root and petiole diameters were affected by the mercury treatment, petiole diameter decreased unless the concentration was 100 ppm, whereas root diameter actually increased. The diameter of the root metaxylem increased, but the petioles and leaves, as well as the thickness of the root cortex, did not provide a significant response. The growth of E. palifolius was still optimal in the presence of Euglena in mercury-containing medium.