Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facilitating Aligned Co-Decisions for More Sustainable Food Value Chains

The transition of existing food value chains towards greater sustainability is a societal imperative and a potential competitive factor. To succeed, some actors in the chains define new practices to establish common sustainability goals. To date, there is little evidence that the visions and values of the various actors in the chains have been leading to common solutions. This work explores the impact of collaboration on the value chain actors’ ability to jointly decide strategies for redesigning their activities. It reports on an empirical approach, which elicits the values and priorities of different stakeholders. The case takes place in the context of a value chain of the production/processing/sale of pork products. This value chain involves two French production-processing and redistribution cooperatives. Stakeholders were questioned about their prioritization of sustainability issues and these weights were applied to evaluate 12 animal feed solutions that vary in terms of the composition and geographical origin of rations, and the means and locations of their production. The results show that despite several years of cooperation, the objectives of the upstream and downstream actors remain different. The objectives of the upstream actors are driven by the economic difficulties of production and those of the downstream actors by the multiplicity of consumer demands and cost control objectives. In a reversal of the current practice marked by the economic difficulties of the actors upstream of the chain, an integrated culture could be led by bottom-up approaches to create a shared vision. Public policy would be then essential in regulating the sharing of value among actors; and in promoting chain models that help the required investments.
Running title: NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY CATTLE

Effects of protein supplementation, with and without starch supplementation, on nutritional performance and metabolic characteristics of cattle fed lowand mediumquality tropical forages were evaluated using 4 cannulated steers distributed according to a 4 × 4 Latin square. Experimental periods were divided into two subperiods. In the first subperiod, two animals received low-quality hay and two animals received mediumquality. Supplementation schemes were evaluated in the second subperiod: low-quality hay with protein (300 g of crude protein – CP/d); low-quality hay with protein (300 g CP/d) and starch (225 g/d); medium-quality hay with protein (300 g CP/d); and mediumquality hay with protein (300 g CP/d) and starch (225 g/d) supplementation. Without supplementation, medium-quality forage provided higher intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance (NB) and efficiency of nitrogen utilization (EFNU). Comparing subperiods, supply of supplements depressed medium-quality forage intake, but did not affect low-quality forage intake. Supplementation increased NB, EFNU and serum concentration of IGF1 in animals fed low-quality forage. Protein supplementation increases nitrogen retention in animals, an effect attributed mainly to anabolic stimuli. However, this effect is more prominent when animals are fed low-quality forages. No positive impact on animal metabolism was obtained with combination of supplemental protein and starch.
Egg characteristics of Japanese quail fed diets containing guava extract (Psidium guajava L.)

ABSTRACT. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of eggs produced by Japanese quails fed with guava extract. A total of 400 eggs collected from the quails fed with experimental diets, were distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement 4 x 4 with main effects including four dietary levels of guava extract (0, 3, 6 and 9 g kg-1) and four storage periods (0, 9, 18 and 27 days) totalizing 16 treatments with five replicates of five eggs. The eggs were produced by Japanese quails, fed with experimental diets. The diets were isonutritive formulated by corn-soybean basis. The eggs were stored for different periods, at the same conditions, to constitute the treatments. The parameters evaluated were egg weight loss (g and %), yolk color, Haugh unit, specific gravity, eggshell thickness and pH of the yolk and albumen. Data were submitted to ANOVA, and means were compared using Scott-Knott test, using α = 0.05. The specific gravity of fresh eggs was better with the use of 6 g kg-1 of guava extract in the diet. The use of 3 g kg-1 of guava extract resulted in smaller eggshell thickness of fresh eggs. The Haugh unit was affected just by the storage periods. The dietary guava extract (3, 6 or 9 g kg-1) increased the pH of albumen in eggs stored for 27 days. The use of 6 g kg-1 of guava extract in quails diet increase the specific gravity in fresh eggs and increase the yolk color when the eggs are stored.
tified as regulators in the biogenesis and progression of certain types of cancer, such as miR‐154 in gastric cancer, miR‐133a in non‐small cell lung cancer, miR‐19b in breast cancer and miR‐769 in colorectal cancer (12‐15). Numerous aberrantly

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor characterized by a high metastatic potential and poor prog‐ nosis. The dysregulation of miR‐588 has been demonstrated to serve crucial roles in the progression of numerous types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the expres‐ sion and function of miR‐588 in the development of OS. To do so, clinical samples were collected and analyzed, and in vitro experiments were conducted. A total of 104 patients with OS were recruited between 2012 and 2014. The expression of miR‐588 was analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The association between miR‐588 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics and survival rate of patients with OS was evaluated. Furthermore, Cell Counting Kit‐8 and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of miR‐588 on the proliferation and the migratory and invasive abilities of various OS cell lines. The results demonstrated that miR‐588 expression in OS tissues and cells was significantly lower compared with normal tissues and cells. In addition, miR‐588 expression was closely associated with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) staging of patients with OS. miR‐588 expression and MSTS staging were therefore considered as independent indicators for the prognosis of patients with OS. In addition, miR‐588 downregulation significantly stimulated the proliferation and migratory and invasive abilities of OS cells. Taken together, these findings indicated that miR‐588 may serve as an independent prognostic factor and tumor suppressor in OS.
Convergence Rates of First and Second Order Dynamics for Solving Linear Ill-posed Problems

Recently, there has been a great interest in analysing dynamical flows, where the stationary limit is the minimiser of a convex energy. Particular flows of great interest have been continuous limits of Nesterov’s algorithm and the Fast Iterative Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA), respectively. In this paper we approach the solutions of linear ill-posed problems by dynamical flows. Because the squared norm of the residuum of a linear operator equation is a convex functional, the theoretical results from convex analysis for energy minimising flows are applicable. We prove that the proposed flows for minimising the residuum of a linear operator equation are optimal regularisation methods and that they provide optimal convergence rates for the regularised solutions. In particular we show that in comparison to convex analysis results the rates can be significantly higher, which is possible by constraining the investigations to the particular convex energy functional, which is the squared norm of the residuum.
Boosting Certified $\ell_\infty$ Robustness with EMA Method and Ensemble Model

The neural network with $1$-Lipschitz property based on $\ell_\infty$-dist neuron has a theoretical guarantee in certified $\ell_\infty$ robustness. However, due to the inherent difficulties in the training of the network, the certified accuracy of previous work is limited. In this paper, we propose two approaches to deal with these difficuties. Aiming at the characteristics of the training process based on $\ell_\infty$-norm neural network, we introduce the EMA method to improve the training process. Considering the randomness of the training algorithm, we propose an ensemble method based on trained base models that have the $1$-Lipschitz property and gain significant improvement in the small parameter network. Moreover, we give the theoretical analysis of the ensemble method based on the $1$-Lipschitz property on the certified robustness, which ensures the effectiveness and stability of the algorithm. Our code is available at https://github.com/Theia-4869/EMA-and-Ensemble-Lip-Networks.
장단기 금리스프레드의 경기 설명력에 관한 연구: 미국과 한국을 중심으로 (Predictive Power of the Term Spread on Real Output Growth: Empirical Evidence from U.S and S. Korea)

<b>English Abstract:</b> 본 연구는 마르코프 스위칭 (Markov Switching) 모형을 기반으로 장단기 금리스프레드가 경기 변동에 어느 정도 설명력이 있는지를 한국과 미국의 시장금리를 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 한국은 고변동성 국면에서만 장단기 금리스프레드가 실질 GDP 증가율에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 반면 미국은 변동성 국면과 관계없이 금리스프레드가 실질 GDP 성장률에 유의미하게 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 더불어 고변동성에서 한국의 금리스프레드의 영향력이 미국의 영향력보다 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 미-중 무역 분쟁 및 코로나19 펜데믹을 겪고 있는 지금의 시기는 고변동성이 될 확률이 큰 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 장단기 금리스프레드 및 여러 경제 지표를 면밀히 관찰하여 향후 경기 변동을 대비할 필요가 있을 것으로 보인다. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> In this study, we investigate the predictive power of the interest rates term spread on the real GDP growth rate by employing Markov Switching Model in U.S and S. Korea. As a result, the impact of the term spread in S. Korea on the real output growth has a statistically significant in high volatility regime. In the case of U.S, the estimated coefficients for real output growth in both high and low volatility regimes are positive and statistically significant, implying that the term spread has a significant predictive power regardless of the regime. Furthermore, in high volatility regime, the term spread in S. Korea has more predictive power than the U.S counterpart. Current period is considered as a high volatility regime caused by the outbreak of coronavirus and China-US trade dispute. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor interest rates term spread carefully to prepare for future output fluctuations.
Variance Comparison between Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis and Likelihood Ratio Estimators to Stochastic Gradient

We theoretically compare variances between the Infinitesimal Perturbation Analysis (IPA) estimator and the Likelihood Ratio (LR) estimator to Monte Carlo gradient for stochastic systems. The conditions proposed in [Cui et al., 2020] when the IPA estimator has a smaller variance can yield sharper inequalities or be further relaxed. We also prove a practically interesting result that the IPA estimators to European vanilla and arithmetic Asian options' Delta, respectively, have smaller variance when the underlying asset's return process is independent of the initial price.
Predicting Fracture Risk in Patients with Metastatic Bone Disease of the Femur: A Pictorial Review Using Three Different Techniques

One of the key roles of an orthopedic surgeon treating metastatic bone disease (MBD) is fracture risk prediction. Current widely used impending fracture risk tools such as Mirels scoring lack specificity. Two newer methods of fracture risk prediction, CT-based structural rigidity analysis (CTRA) and finite element analysis (FEA), have each been shown to be more accurate than Mirels. This case series illustrates comparative Mirels, CTRA, and FEA for 8 femurs in 7 subjects. These cases were selected from a much larger data set to portray examples of true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives as defined by CTRA relative to the fracture outcome. Case illustrations demonstrate comparative Mirels and FEA. This series illustrates the use, efficacy, and limitations of these tools. As all current tools have limitations, further work is needed in refining and developing fracture risk prediction.
Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Wexner questionnaire in patients with functional constipation in an Iranian population

Aim: The present study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the English version of the Wexner questionnaire translated into the Persian language in Iranian patients. Background: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders; therefore, it is necessary to utilize an index for both the clinic and research studies. Methods: In the first phase, the English version of the Wexner questionnaire was translated into the Persian language. In the second phase, the Persian version was assessed to evaluate the psychometric properties in 136 patients with functional constipation who referred to gastrointestinal and physical medicine clinics. Content validity was assessed by face validity. Construct validity was tested based on hypothesis testing and structural validity. The correlation of the total scores of the Wexner questionnaire and the Patient Assessment Constipation Quality Of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire was used for concurrent criterion validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The floor/ceiling effect of the questionnaire was also evaluated. Results: The content validity of the Persian version of Wexner’s questionnaire was acceptable. The construct and concurrent criteria validity showed moderate correlation. The internal consistency and intrarater reliability were moderate (0.51) and excellent (rp = 0.97, p-value <0.001), respectively. No floor/ceiling effect was seen. Conclusion: The Persian version of the Wexner questionnaire showed good validity and reliability in Iranian patients and can therefore be applied in clinics as well as in research for Persian-speaking countries.
Pharmic Activation of PKG2 Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Osteoblast Dysfunction by Suppressing PLCβ1-Ca2+-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

As reported in our previous study, cinaciguat can improve implant osseointegration in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats by reactivating type 2 cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG2), but the downstream mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the favorable effect of cinaciguat on primary rat osteoblast, which was cultivated on titanium disc under vitro T2DM conditions (25 mM glucose and 200 μM palmitate), and clarified the therapeutic mechanism by proteomic analysis. The results demonstrated that T2DM medium caused significant downregulation of PKG2 and induced obvious osteoblast dysfunction. And overexpression of PKG2 by lentivirus and cinaciguat could promote cell proliferation, adhesion, and differentiation, leading to decreased osteoblasts injury. Besides, proteomic analysis revealed the interaction between PKG2 and phospholipase Cβ1 (PLCβ1) in the cinaciguat addition group, and we further verified that upregulated PKG2 by cinaciguat could inhibit the activation of PLCβ1, then relieve intracellular calcium overload, and suppress endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to ameliorate osteoblast functions under T2DM condition. Collectively, these findings provided the first detailed mechanisms responsible for cinaciguat provided a favorable effect on promoting osseointegration in T2DM and demonstrated a new insight that diabetes mellitus-induced the aberrations in PKG2-PLCβ1-Ca2+-ER stress pathway was one underlying mechanism for poor osseointegration.
Predicting judging-perceiving of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in online social forum

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a well-known personality test that assigns a personality type to a user by using four traits dichotomies. For many years, people have used MBTI as an instrument to develop self-awareness and to guide their personal decisions. Previous researches have good successes in predicting Extraversion-Introversion (E/I), Sensing-Intuition (S/N) and Thinking-Feeling (T/F) dichotomies from textual data but struggled to do so with Judging-Perceiving (J/P) dichotomy. J/P dichotomy in MBTI is a non-separable part of MBTI that have significant inference on human behavior, perception and decision towards their surroundings. It is an assessment on how someone interacts with the world when making decision. This research was set out to evaluate the performance of the individual features and classifiers for J/P dichotomy in personality computing. At the end, data leakage was found in dataset originating from the Personality Forum Café, which was used in recent researches. The results obtained from the previous research on this dataset were suggested to be overly optimistic. Using the same settings, this research managed to outperform previous researches. Five machine learning algorithms were compared, and LightGBM model was recommended for the task of predicting J/P dichotomy in MBTI personality computing.
Social barriers as a challenge in seeking mental health among Saudi Arabians

BACKGROUND: To extend our knowledge of social barriers in relation to mental health, the present study was conducted to investigate the impact of social barriers on mental health help-seeking among Saudi Arabians aged 18 years and above. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1632 participants in 2018 during the months of October and November. The participants completed self-administered online surveys about the demographic characteristics, social barriers, and knowledge and attitudes about mental health. RESULTS: The majority of the participants agreed that social barriers could prevent them from seeking mental health help. Stigma was chosen as the most common social barrier among the participants (76.3%), followed by culture (61.5%) and negative perceptions (56.2%). CONCLUSION: Social barriers are a challenge in seeking mental health. Increasing public awareness of available services and resources as well as developing programs to fight stigmatization should be initiated to create more positive attitudes toward people with mental illness and promote holistic well-being.
Effects of Liraglutide on Left Ventricular Function: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials

Background The effects of liraglutide treatment on the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function remain unclear. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. All relevant randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science from the establishment to January 2021 without language limitations. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. Results Ten placebo-controlled RCTs involving a total of 732 cases were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the placebo group, liraglutide therapy showed no beneficial effect on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at the end of the study (WMD: 2.120, 95% CI: −0.688 to 4.929, P=0.139) and ΔLVEF during the trial period (WMD: −0.651, 95% CI: −1.649 to 0.348, P=0.202). Similarly, no statistical differences were noted in diastolic function parameters between the two groups, including the value early diastolic filling velocity (E)/the mitral annular early diastolic velocity (e′) (WMD: −0.763, 95% CI: −2.157 to 0.630, P=0.283), Δe′ (WMD: −0.069, 95% CI: −0.481 to 0.343, P=0.742), and ΔE/e′ (WMD: −0.683, 95% CI: −1.663 to 0.298, P=0.172). Conclusions Liraglutide treatment did not improve the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Given the study's limitations, further investigation may be warranted.
Self-care practices and factors influencing self-care among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in a rural health center in South India

BACKGROUND: Self-care for diabetes is very important in preventing complications of diabetes and also improving quality of life. This study aims to find the various self-care practices of type 2 diabetes patients who are being treated at a rural health center of a medical college and the factors influencing self-care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Type 2 diabetes patients registered and receiving treatment from the noncommunicable disease clinic of a rural health center were administered a pretested questionnaire, developed based on different diabetes self-care questionnaires making changes as appropriate and including most aspects of self-care practices. The proportion of compliant was then cross-tabulated with background characteristics and their glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. SPSS version 16.0 was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Among 390 patients with a mean age 56 years, 25.5% adhered to at least four dietary modifications, 46% were physically active, and 57% had good compliance to drugs; hypoglycemia prevention practices ranged from 21% to 51%. Except for avoiding barefoot walking (90%), other foot-care practices were followed by only a quarter of them. Among ever users, 69.2%, 64.3%, and 29.4% have quit smoking, alcohol, and tobacco use, respectively. Adherence to dietary modifications and drug compliance were associated with a lower HbA1c level of ≤7 g% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, the compliance to physical activity or medications is much better than dietary changes and foot-care practices. Focused education programs and monitoring during follow-up visits will improve self-care in the less adhered to aspects. Those who are adherent to dietary modifications and drugs have better glycemic control.
BIOPHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF MICROCAPSULATED ION EXCHANGE RESINS CONTAINING DICLOFENAC

Microcapsules for the sustained release of sodium diclofenac were prepared by coating ion-exchange resins with the enteric polymer hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phtalate (HPMCP). A non-aqueous emulsion method was followed to microencapsulate the ionic complexes, and anionic resins with different degrees of crosslinking (4% and 8%) were selected as the core material. The in vitro dissolution test, performed in a pH-changing medium, showed that the release of diclofenac was influenced by the resin crosslinking and the presence of the enteric coating. The bioavailability of the diclofenac released from the microcapsules and the uncoated resins was studied in rabbits using as the reference a commercial sustained-release product (Dolotren Retard®). There were no statistically significant differences between formulations in the C max and AUC 0-24 values, while significant differences were found in the parameter t max . Both the HPMCP microcapsules and uncoated resins exhibited a sustained-release pattern similar to the commercial dosage form. In comparison to the uncoated product, the enteric coating led to a significantly slower apparent rate of absorption, as expressed by longer t max