Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) [1]

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a type of DNA located outside the nucleus [4] in the liquid portion of the cell (cytoplasm) and inside cellular organelles called mitochondria. Mitochondria are found in all complex or eukaryotic cells, including plant, animal, fungi, and single celled protists, which contain their own mtDNA genome [5] . In animals with a backbone, or vertebrates, mtDNA is a double stranded molecule that forms a circular genome [5] , which ranges in size from sixteen to eighteen kilo-base pairs, depending on species. Each mitochondrion in a cell can have multiple copies of the mtDNA genome [5] . In humans [6] , the mature egg [7] cell, or oocyte [8] , contains the highest number of mitochondria among human cells, ranging from 100,000 to 600,000 mitochondria per cell, but each mitochondrion contains only one copy of mtDNA. In human embryonic development, the number of mitochondria, the content of mtDNA in each mitochondrion, and the subsequent mtDNA activity affects the production of the oocytes, fertilization [9] of the oocytes, and early embryonic growth and development. Mitochondria were once free-living bacteria that took up residence inside a primitive eukaryotic cell in the process called endosymbiosis. Much of the evidence for the claim is in the mtDNA genome [5] and the nuclear genome [5] . The genomes co-evolved, and control of mitochondria involves exchange of information between the nucleus [4] and the many copies of the mtDNA. In the developing embryo, ninety-nine percent of the mitochondria, and therefore the mtDNA, come from the mother. Point mutations and deletions in the mtDNA can lead to serious developmental mitochondrial diseases. In 1890, Richard Altmann, who studied diseases in Germany, observed the occurrence of mitochondria in many different animal cell types and noted they were similar celled protists, which mtDNA In with a backbone, or vertebrates, mtDNA is a double stranded, circular that forms a circular genome, which ranges in size from sixteen to eighteen kilo-base pairs, depending on species. mitochondrion in a cell can have multiple copies of the mtDNA genome. In humans, the mature egg cell, or oocyte, contains the highest number of mitochondria among human cells, ranging from 100,000 to 600,000 mitochondria per cell, but each mitochondrion contains only one copy of mtDNA. In human embryonic development, the number of mitochondria, the content of mtDNA in each mitochondrion, and the subsequent mtDNA activity affects the production of the oocytes, fertilization of the oocytes, and early embryonic growth and development.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles by using Leaf Extractionof Allium Calocephalum Wendelbow Plant

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) were biosynthesized by using a leaf extract of Allium Calocephalum Wendelbow (ACW) plant. The impact of various zinc salts on the characteristic’s properties of synthesized ZnO NPs and which salt is more suitable for the synthesis of the ZnO NPs were investigated. The used different zinc salts were Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate (ZNH), Zinc Acetate (ZA), and Zinc Chloride (ZC). The properties of synthesized NPs were studied using a variety of characterization techniques. The FTIR analysis and UV-Visible spectroscopy of ACW plant leaf extract proved to suggest this extract is a better choice for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs. The UV–Visible spectra of leaf extract showed two distinct absorption peaks in the region of 262 nm and 350 nm at ambient temperature. The FE-SEM analysis revealed a spherical form of ZnO NPs having an (average) mean size in the range of (21.61-63.12) nm. Also, XRD results revealed the formation of a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystal size of produced ZnO NPs along the (002) diffraction peak was in the range of (16.91 to 28.19) nm for different Zinc salt. The EDX analysis shows that the produced ZnO NPs are very pure. The FTIR results displayed there is no obvious peak in the monitoring range, suggesting that the ZnO NPs created via using ACW Leaf Extract. Also, the UV-Vis. results of ZnO NPs showed that the sharpness peak in exciton absorption region, and UV absorption edge were found (381-397) nm, which is corresponding to the E g of the ZnO NPs, and the investigated E g of ZnO NPs was in the range of (3.12-3.25) eV. In addition, from all obtained results of the fabricated ZnO NPs, the ZnO NPs synthesized from zinc salt which is the Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate showed the very high-quality and improved rather than the ZnO NPs synthesized from other zinc salts.
Notes on the KL-divergence between a Markov chain and its equilibrium distribution

After drawing a sample from a distribution, further correlated samples can be obtained by simulating a Markov chain that leaves the target distribution stationary. Often drawing even one sample from a distribution of interest is intractable, so the Markov chain is initialized arbitrarily. This note considers the marginal distribution over the Markov chain’s position at each time step. We show that this marginal never moves further away from the chain’s stationary distribution, as measured by KL-divergence either way around. This is a known result (Cover and Thomas, 1991). The presentation here is for review purposes only.
Micro Risks and (Robust) Pareto Improving Policies∗

We provide sufficient conditions for the feasibility of robust Pareto-improving (RPI) fiscal policies in the class of incomplete markets models of Bewley-Huggett-Aiyagari and when the interest rate on government debt is below the growth rate (r < g). We allow for arbitrary heterogeneity in preferences and income risk and a potential wedge between the return to capital and to government bonds. An RPI improves risk sharing and can induce a more efficient level of capital. We show that the elasticities of aggregate savings to changes in interest rates are the crucial ingredients that determine the feasibility of RPIs. We establish that government debt and capital investment associated with an RPI may be complements along the transition, rather than the traditional substitutes. Our analysis shifts the focus of fiscal policy in incomplete markets from explicitly redistributive policies to using government bonds and simple subsidies to robustly improve welfare of all agents at all points in time.
Static Analysis of GPU Kernel Performance Hyperproperties

interpretation is a theory formalized by Patrick and Radhia Cousot [5] that is used in static analysis for the sound approximation of the semantics of a program. A concrete program trace is a (possibly infinite) sequence of program states where a state can be seen as a function that assigns values to all program variables. Without actually executing a given program on any inputs, abstract interpretation can provide an overapproximation of all possible concrete program traces using abstract program states. We do not go into all the details of abstract interpretation in static analysis here, more information can be found in [4]. It is important to note that while concrete program states live in a concrete universe of integers, pointers etc., the abstract states that approximate the concrete states live in an abstract universe called an abstract domain. These abstract domains are usually based on lattices and are part of the abstract interpretation configuration which is chosen appropriately for a specific problem. For our purposes, we consider numerical abstract domains which are relational, i.e., which approximate the values of numerical variables and the relations between them. Specifically, we use one of the two following abstract domains: • Octagons. The Octagons domain can store inequalities of the form
Stance Classi cation for Answering Comparative Questions Master's Thesis

Comparative questions, i.e., questions that ask for a comparison of di erent alternatives, are everywhere in our daily life. They express the comparative information need which is underlying decision making. Often, answers to these questions contain pro and con arguments for the compared options. In this thesis, we deal with the identi cation of the polarity of such argumentative answers, i.e., the detection of the stance towards the comparison. We present a new dataset for stance detection of answers to comparative questions consisting of 1,034 questions and answers annotated with the stance targets and the answer's stance. Besides analyzing methods to identify those targets, we focus on exploring approaches to detect the stance of the answers. We evaluate di erent ways to employ pre-trained transformer-based models for this task. One of these ways is the application of the idea of sentiment ow for stance detection and breaking the classi cation down to sentence-level. We propose a classi er based on RoBERTa that manages to correctly predict the stance given by four labels (none, neutral, rst, second) with an accuracy of 0.62 on our dataset.
Minimizing Wiggles in Storyline Visualizations

Storyline visualizations are abstract 2-dimensional drawings of storylines, which shows the lifelines of the characters of the storyline as horizontal lines and interactions between those characters by bundles of the corresponding character lines. The focus lies on illustrating the interactions of the characters within the storyline. Recent scientific work had its focus on optimizing storyline visualizations by minimizing crossings. This thesis examines line wiggles as another important quality criteria of storyline visualizations and how such wiggles can be minimized to generate storyline visualizations with good legibility. To minimize wiggles we start defining optimization metrics for total wiggle height, number of wiggles, highest wiggle and number of pairwise crossings which can be used to formulate objective functions for optimizations of storyline visualizations. Considering our optimization problem as a combinatorial problem we formulate two solution models for optimizing storyline visualizations based on changing the vertical order of the character lines to minimize one or more of our optimization metrics. The first solution model contains an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) approach; the second solution model describes a Max-SAT formulation. Following experiments based on our two solution models with different objective formulations show that the minimization of the total wiggle height produces the best results regarding our four optimization metrics and that wiggle minimizations also reduces crossing within a storyline visualization. With multi-objectives for combined minimization of wiggles and crossings the number of crossings can be further reduced, but very likely at the expense of at least one of the wiggle metric values.
Porosity and differentiability

We investigate porous sets and differentiability of Lipschitz functions. A set P is upper (lower) porous if each point of P sees, on arbitrarily small scales (all sufficiently small scales), nearby holes in P of radius proportional to their distance away. The set P is called directionally upper/lower porous if, for each point of P, the corresponding holes can be chosen with centres on a fixed line. After an overview of porosity and differentiability, we begin by highlighting a difference between upper porosity and lower porosity. Upper porous sets in Rn are necessarily directionally upper porous. We show there exists a lower porous set in R2 which is not even a countable union of directionally lower porous sets. Next we investigate
Anti-Human Immunodeﬁciency Virus Type 1 Microbicide Cellulose Acetate 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate in a Human In Vitro Model of Vaginal Inﬂammation

The sexual transmission of human immunodeﬁciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is facilitated by inﬂammation and related epithelial barrier perturbation. Microbicides for vaginal applications are currently being developed to reduce the risk of HIV-1 transmission. However, little is known about their interference with epithelial immune function. In recent clinical trials, nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a virucide with a long history of intravaginal use as a contraceptive, failed to protect against HIV-1 possibly due to mucosal inﬂammatory damage. Cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, also named CAP (for “controls AIDS pandemic”), is an anti-HIV-1 microbicide selected from pharmaceutical excipients that are regarded as safe for oral administration but have not been assessed for potential effects on inﬂammatory factors in the vaginal environment. Here we use a sensitive human cell culture system to evaluate proinﬂammatory proﬁles of soluble CAP in reference to N-9 and known epithelial activators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- (cid:1) ) and bacterial lysates. Withi n 6 h ofexposure, TNF- (cid:1) and N-9 triggered NF- (cid:2) B and AP-1/cFos activation and upregulated interleukins and an array of chemokines by vaginal and polarized cervical epithelial cells. The induced proinﬂammatory status continued after removal of stimuli and was conﬁrmed by enhanced transepithelial neutrophil migration. While sustaining stability and anti-HIV-1 activity in the epithelial environment, CAP did not increase the production of proinﬂammatory mediators during or after exposure, nor did it modify the epithelial resistance to leukocyte trafﬁc. CAP attenuated some TNF- (cid:1) -induced responses but did not interfere with epithelial cytokine respon-siveness to gonococcal determinants. The described system may be useful for predicting proinﬂammatory side effects of other microbicide candidates for vaginal application.
Distributions in Plastic Neural Network: Unimodal to Bimodal Transition

: Empirically observed mean membrane potential (MMP) has been the focus of numerous investigations related to neurons. The distributions in MMP inherently remain prime target of many studies. The MMP largely remains Unimodal until the synaptic plasticity starts playing role and alters the coupling strength. The changes in the coupling strengths subsequently lead to the Unimodal to Bimodal distributions. In this paper an attempt has been made to establish the role of synaptic plasticity in this transition. The underlying synaptic plasticity framework, resulting the changes in the coupling strength, may contribute in generation of Bimodality in MMP. The investigation advocates the vitality of synaptic plasticity in MMP bimodal distribution generation.
The Design of a Compact and Lightweight Wheelchair for Disabled Children

– This paper describes the process of designing a wheelchair with the main aim of making it compact and lightweight. A wheelchair is a common device used to assist in terms of mobility for those with difficulty to walk. Most conventional manual wheelchairs are heavy and bulky, even after they are folded. The designed wheelchair in this research is able to reduce the weight approximately by 30%. The wheelchair volume after folding is also reduced significantly. Besides, the designed wheelchair was evaluated by using 3D CAD software to analyse the strength and possible material failure. Moreover, a virtual mannequin was used to evaluate the geometry and the comfort of the design. On top of that, a scale down prototype was produced by using a 3D printer to evaluate the fold-ability function of the wheelchair. Copyright © 2015 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.
Sensors & Transducers Route Towards a Label-free Optical Waveguide Sensing Platform Based on Lossy Mode Resonances

: According to recent market studies of the North American company Allied Market Research, the field of photonic sensors is an emerging strategic field for the following years and it is expected to garner $18 billion by 2021. The integration of micro and nanofabrication technologies in the field of sensors has allowed the development of new technological concepts such as lab-on-a-chip which have achieved extraordinary advances in terms of detection and applicability, for example in the field of biosensors. This continuous development has allowed that equipment consisting of many complex devices that occupied a whole room a few years ago, at present it is possible to handle them in the palm of the hand; that formerly long duration processes are carried out in a matter of milliseconds and that a technology previously dedicated solely to military or scientific uses is available to the vast majority of consumers. The adequate combination of micro and nanostructured coatings with optical fiber sensors has permitted us to develop novel sensing technologies, such as the first experimental demonstration of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) for sensing applications, with more than one hundred citations and related publications in high rank journals and top conferences. In fact, fiber optic LMR-based devices have been proven as devices with one of the highest sensitivity for refractometric applications. Refractive index sensitivity is an indirect and simple indicator of how sensitive the device is to chemical and biological species, topic where this proposal is focused. Consequently, the utilization of these devices for chemical and biosensing applications is a clear opportunity that could open novel and interesting research lines and applications as well as simplify current analytical methodologies. As a result, on the basis of our previous experience with LMR based sensors to attain very high sensitivities, the objective of this paper is presenting the route for the development of label-free optical waveguide sensing platform based on LMRs that enable to explore the limits of this technology for bio-chemosensing applications.
A Powerful Web Benefit Positioning Strategy by Means of Investigating Client Conduct

Administration situated figuring and Web administrations are winding up increasingly prominent, empowering associations to utilize the Net for business opportunity offering Net benefits & expanding current Net administrations. By the by, through expanding reception & nearness of Net administrations, moves toward becoming more hard to locate the most proper Web benefit that fulfills the two clients' useful and non-functional necessities. In this paper, we propose a powerful Web benefit positioning methodology in view of communitarian sifting (CS) by investigating the client conduct, where summon and question past records is utilized to construe the probable client conduct. CS-rooted client similitude ascertained through comparative summons and comparative inquiries (counting useful question and QoS inquiry) between clients. Three angles of Web administrations—useful significance, CS rooted outcome, and QoS utility, altogether contemplate in last Web benefit positioning. Dodging effect various components, scale, & dispersion of factors, 3 positions is ascertained the 3 measures separately. Last Web benefit positioning gotten through utilizing a score accumulation strategy dependent through score stand. The paper likewise pro-pound compelling assessment measurements for assess the methodology. Substantial parameter tests were directed dependent to the certifia-ble Net benefit data subdivision. Exploratory outcomes demonstrate that the proposed methodology outflanks the current methodology on the rank execution .
Comparison of high gain power conditioners for photovoltaic applications with suitable maximum power point tracking

In this paper, a comparative study of high gain step-up converters of different topologies is taken place. Due to the increase in pollution, a shift towards a green energy is opted. The Photo Voltaic (PV) system is chosen as a source for the converters. To harvest maximum power from the PV, a suitable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is adapted. The different converters taken into consid-erations are Conventional Boost converter, Full Bridge Converter, Dual Active Bridge Converter and Single- Ended-primary-Inductor Converter SEPIC. The major goal of this paper is to extract high gain from the converter with minimum PV output. The complexity among the converters is analyzed and this comparison reveals the best converter for the PV system. The converters are simulated using MATLAB/Simulink.
(2018). The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Systemic Sclerosis. Current Rheumatology Reviews

The pathological hallmarks of Systemic sclerosis (SSc) constitute an inter-related triad of autoimmunity, vasculopathy and tissue remodeling. Many signaling mediators have been implicated in SSc pathology; most focusing on individual components of this pathogenic triad and current treatment paradigms tend to approach management of such as distinct entities. The present review shall examine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in SSc pathogenesis. We shall outline potential mechanisms whereby differential vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) isoform expression (through conventional and alternative VEGF-A splicing,) may influence the relevant burden of vasculopathy and fibrosis offering novel insight into clinical heterogeneity and disease progression in SSc. Emerging therapeutic approaches targeting VEGF signaling pathways might play an important role in the management of SSc, and differential VEGF-A splice isoform expression may provide a tool for personalized medicine approaches to disease management. fibrosis, lcSSc limited cutaneous SSc, mRSS modified Rodnan skin score, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, MVEC microvascular endothelial cell, NC nailfold capillaroscopy, NO nitric oxide, NP neuropilin, PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension, PDE5 phosphodiestrase-5, PDGF platelet derived growth factor, PDGFR platelet derived growth factor receptor, PlGF placental growth factor, RNAPIII anti-RNA polymerase III autoantibody, RP Raynaud’s phenomenon, Scl-70 anti-topoisomerase autoantibody, SSc Systemic sclerosis, TK tyrosine kinase, TGFβ transforming growth factor-β , TNFα tumour necrosis factor-α , VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.
Yoga for Mental Health: Opportunities and Challenges Mini Review

Although widely popular for physical benefits, Yoga has been underutilized for the promotion of mental health. Health professionals and general public continue to remain in different about the suitability of Yoga for treating mental disorders, managing psychological wellness of patients and promoting mental health of the normal population. Objective: Therefore, an attempt is made to document the key preventive, promotive and curative opportunities for mental health through yogic practices and identifying major hurdles in its practice. An evidence based review of related opportunities and challenges is presented. Method: Thereview involved three steps i.e.framing review questions, search of multiple online databases, and interpretation of evidence-based opportunities. Results and conclusion: There isenormous potential of yogic practices for improving mental health in families, schools, clinics and work settings. Major challenges involved in use of Yoga for protecting, managing and promoting mental health relate to paradigmatic choice, subtle process of yoga, methodological approach and practical constraints.
Smoking and Lifestyle-Related Diseases

Smoking is a well-known strong risk factor for various malignant neoplasms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) including stroke, ischemic heart disease based on the progression of atherosclerosis. Although smoking is one of the risk factors for CVD, lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome commonly advance atherosclerotic CVD. This review summarizes the current topics about the relationship between smoking and lifestyle-related diseases and the effect of smoking cessation on this relation and makes use of health promotion to prevent atherosclerotic CVD induced by smoking.