Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jamming-Enhanced Secure UAV Communications With Propulsion Energy and Curvature Radius Constraints

A multi-unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-aided secure communication network is studied, where multiple information UAVs carrying temporary aerial base stations transmit confidential information to multiple authorized receivers (ARs), and a jammer UAV is employed to send artificial noise to multiple unauthorized receivers (URs) for mitigating information leakage. Some practical constrains including the inter-UAV interference among the information UAVs and the jammer UAV, the maximal available propulsion energy at UAVs, and the curvature radius limitations of UAVs' trajectories are concurrently taken into account. In order to maximize the minimum secrecy rate among the ARs, the AR scheduling, the UAVs' power allocation and the trajectories of UAVs are jointly optimized by formulating a multi-variable optimization problem. To solve the non-convex problem efficiently, we present a block coordinate descent (BCD)-based approach, where the penalty dual decomposition (PDD)-based algorithm is designed to optimize the AR scheduling, and successive convex approximation (SCA)-based algorithm is proposed to optimize the UAVs' power allocation and the trajectories of UAVs. The complexity of the presented BCD-based approach is analyzed, which achieves polynomial complexity. Simulation results show that imposing curvature radius limitations on the UAVs' trajectory design is effective to avoid sharp turning of UAVs. Moreover, as curvature radius increases, the system max-min secrecy rate decreases. Besides, the secrecy rate performance of the system can be enhanced by exploiting one jammer UAV to interfere with the URs.
Distinguished representations of metaplectic groups

We propose a conjecture that automorphic distinguished representations on n -fold covering groups of GL ( nr ) are parametrized by automorphic cuspidal representations of GL ( r ). We also give a local result on unramified distinguished representations; noncuspidal automorphic distinguished representations are constructed by Eisenstein series; and some types of Rankin-Selberg convolutions of a metaplectic form against a distinguished form are shown to have Euler products.
Elastic scattering of electrons by water molecules over the range 100-1000 eV

Relative values of differential cross sections (DCS) are measured by the crossed-beam method. Two cylindrical-mirror energy analysers are employed. One of them is moved to detect scattered electrons at every angle, and the other is fixed at an angle to monitor the elastic scattering events. The effects of target gas distributions in a molecular beam flowing out from a multicapillary array are taken account of to correct the relative values. The DCS are also measured at an angle for water molecules and helium atoms by using gas chamber. On the basis of the absolute DCS for He measured by Jansen et al. (1976), the relative DCS for water molecules are converted into absolute values. In addition, the DCS are calculated by the partial-wave method for the double Yukawa potential. The values of its three adjustable parameters are determined by comparison with the experimental DCS. A spherically symmetric realistic potential is also inferred without adjustable parameters from the charge distribution that was derived from molecular-orbital theory. The DCS calculated for this potential reproduce the experimental values fairly well.
Optical Study of the Hyperfine Structure of the Rubidium Resonance Lines

We have developed a rubidium atomic-beam light source that emits Rb lines with a Doppler width of only 0.0015 cm−1. When the light from this source was measured with a scanning Fabry–Perot interferometer and the data were reduced by digital computer utilizing numerical deconvolution techniques, we were able to determine a hyperfine level splitting in natural rubidium as small as 0.0014 cm−1 with an uncertainty of 0.0001 cm−1. We have measured the relative intensities and positions of 19 of the 20 hfs components of the two resonance lines, 7800 and 7974 A, of natural Rb. From these data, we calculate isotope shifts σ87−σ85 = 0.00268 cm−1 for 52P32 and σ87′−σ85′ = 0.00259 cm−1 for 52P12.
Effective network formulations for lot sizing with backlogging in two-level serial supply chains

ABSTRACT This study considers the serial lot sizing problem with backlogging in two-level supply chains to determine when and how much to order at a warehouse and ship to a retailer over a T-period planning horizon so that the external known demand occurring at the retailer is satisfied and the total cost at all levels is minimized. In particular, the uncapacitated two-level serial lot sizing problem with backlogging and the two-level serial lot sizing problem with cargo capacity and backlogging are formulated using effective shortest-path network representations, which define the convex hull of their feasible solutions. These representations lead to efficient algorithms with O(T3) time for the uncapacitated problem and O(T6) time for the capacitated problem. Furthermore, a tight reformulation with O(T3) variables and O(T2) constraints (resp. O(T6) variables and O(T5) constraints) is proposed for the uncapacitated (resp. capacitated) problem.
Ultrafast Photoconductive Detectors Based on Semi-Insulating GaAs and InP

Photoconductive dipole antennas fabricated on semi-insulating (SI) GaAs and SI-InP were used to detect terahertz (THz) pulses. The responses of these long-carrier-lifetime photoconductive detectors were compared to that of the photoconductive antenna fabricated on a low-temperature grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) with a subpicosecond carrier lifetime. The SI-InP-based photoconductive detector showed a higher responsivity and a better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the LT-GaAs-based photoconductive detector at low gating laser powers. The SI-GaAs-based detector, however, showed a responsivity comparable to that of the LT-GaAs photoconductive detector only at very weak gating laser power, and the SNR of the SI-GaAs-based detector was poor for overall gating laser powers due to the high background noise originating from a large amount of stray photocurrent.
The N-Glycosylation of Total Plasma Proteins and IgG in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a disease with a complex pathophysiology, whose occurrence and persistence are caused not only by aberrant electrical signaling in the heart, but by the development of a susceptible heart substrate. These changes, such as the accumulation of adipose tissue and interstitial fibrosis, are characterized by the presence of inflammation. N-glycans have shown great promise as biomarkers in different diseases, specifically those involving inflammatory changes. To assess the changes in the N-glycosylation of the plasma proteins and IgG in atrial fibrillation, we analyzed the N-glycosylation of 172 patients with atrial fibrillation, before and six months after a pulmonary vein isolation procedure, with 54 cardiovascularly healthy controls. An analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. We found one oligomannose N-glycan structure from the plasma N-glycome and six IgG N-glycans, mainly revolving around the presence of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, that were significantly different between the case and control groups. In addition, four plasma N-glycans, mostly oligomannose structures and a derived trait that was related to them, were found to be different in the patients who experienced an atrial fibrillation recurrence during the six-month follow-up. IgG N-glycosylation was extensively associated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score, confirming its previously reported associations with the conditions that make up the score. This is the first study looking at the N-glycosylation patterns in atrial fibrillation and warrants further investigation into the prospect of glycans as biomarkers for atrial fibrillation.
Effect of air drag on particles ejected during explosive cratering

Equations are derived for the ballistic trajectory of a body retarded by a Newton's law drag force. An approximate analytical solution is obtained for the particle impact point, and comparison is made with an accurate digital computer integration of the Euler-Otto ballistic equations. Air resistance can significantly reduce the range of a particle, the reduction in range being most pronounced for small-diameter particles with high initial velocity. The range in air of a 1-cm particle with 40-m/sec initial velocity is about 20% of the vacuum range. The effect of air drag on cratering ejecta is explored with a simplified model of a cratering explosion. Areal density is calculated for a particle distribution with five ejecta sizes.
Factors affecting female enrolment in technical and vocational education and training institutions in sub-Saharan Africa: insights from north-western Ghana

ABSTRACT This study analysed the trends in enrolment and access to Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) at the second cycle level in Ghana to ascertain the factors affecting female enrolment in TVET in sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional survey design was employed to collect data from 180 respondents using survey questionnaires. The results showed that there exists about a 51.6% gender gap in enrolment for the past five academic years. The major constraint to female enrolment and academic progression in TVET was the high cost of materials and equipment required for practical sessions in TVET programmes. In addition, the lack of female role models in TVET, including derogatory remarks by the public that portrays TVET as inferior, affects female enrolment in TVET programmes. There is, therefore, the need for public education and sensitisation on the prospects of female participation in TVET in Ghana and other developing counties, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Determination of Stress Coefficient Terms in Cracked Solids for Monoclinic Materials with Plane Symmetry at x3 = 0

Determination of all the coefficients in the crack tip field expansion for monoclinic materials under two-dimensional deformation is presented in this report. For monoclinic materials with a plane of material symmetry at x3 = 0, the in-plane deformation is decoupled from the anti-plane deformation. In the case of in-plane deformation, utilizing conservation laws of elasticity and Betti''s reciprocal theorem, together with selected auxiliary fields, T-stress and third-order stress coefficients near the crack tip are evaluated first from path-independent line integrals. To determine the T-stress terms using the J-integral and Betti''s reciprocal work theorem, auxiliary fields under a concentrated force and moment acting at the crack tip are used respectively. Through the use of Stroh formalism in anisotropic elasticity, analytical expressions for all the coefficients including the stress intensity factors are derived in a compact form that has surprisingly simple structure in terms of the Barnett-Lothe tensors, L. The solution forms for degenerated materials, orthotropic, and isotropic materials are presented.
RESULTS FOR A HOLLOW SPHERE IN UNIFORM FIELD (BENCHMARK PROBLEM 6)

Problem 6 of the International Workshop for Eddy Current Code Comparison is a hollow sphere in a uniform sinusoidal field. A total of 21 solutions, employing 17 different computer codes, are described and compared with analytic results. Several kinds of codes including 2‐D finite element, 3‐D finite element, and boundary element were found to give satisfactory solutions.
Hyaluronan and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling—Novel Cues from the Matrix?

Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) localized to the cell surface and the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). It is composed of disaccharides containing glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine, is synthesized by the HA synthase (HAS) enzymes and is degraded by hyaluronidase (HYAL) or reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) actions. HA is deposited as a high molecular weight (HMW) polymer and degraded to low molecular weight (LMW) fragments and oligosaccharides. HA affects biological functions by interacting with HA-binding proteins (hyaladherins). HMW HA is anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiangiogenic, whereas LMW HA has pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenetic, and oncogenic effects. ROS/RNS naturally degrade HMW HA, albeit at enhanced levels during tissue injury and inflammatory processes. Thus, the degradation of endothelial glycocalyx HA by increased ROS challenges vascular integrity and can initiate several disease progressions. Conversely, HA exerts a vital role in wound healing through ROS-mediated HA modifications, which affect the innate immune system. The normal turnover of HA protects against matrix rigidification. Insufficient turnover leads to increased tissue rigidity, leading to tissue dysfunction. Both endogenous and exogenous HMW HA have a scavenging capacity against ROS. The interactions of ROS/RNS with HA are more complex than presently perceived and present an important research topic.
Unusual Instance of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Lymphoma Confined to a Colonic Polyp

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) commonly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but rarely occurs within the colon. Colonic EMZL is a rare diagnosis accounting for 2.5% of EMZL and less than 0.5% of colon cancers. We present a unique case of asymptomatic colonic EMZL diagnosed on a routine surveillance colonoscopy. The lymphoma was confined to a single colonic polyp presenting endoscopically as a sessile polypoid lesion at the recto-sigmoid junction. The patient was successfully treated with polypectomy with no recurrence of the disease.
Study of printed elliptical/circular slot antennas for ultrawideband applications

Two novel designs of planar elliptical slot antennas are presented. Printed on a dielectric substrate and fed by either microstrip line or coplanar waveguide with U-shaped tuning stub, the elliptical/circular slots have been demonstrated to exhibit an ultrawideband characteristic. The performances and characteristics of the proposed antennas are investigated both numerically and experimentally. Based on these analyses, an empirical formula is introduced to approximately determine the lower edge of the -10 dB operating bandwidth. It is also shown that these antennas are nearly omnidirectional over a majority fraction of the bandwidth.
Multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of problems with critical growth in ℝN

Abstract Using variational methods, we establish the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the following class of problems: where λ,β∈(0,∞), q∈(1,2*−1), 2*=2N/(N−2), N≥3, V,Z:ℝN→ℝ are continuous functions verifying some hypotheses.
Galectin‐3 and RAGE differentially control advanced glycation endproduct‐induced collagen damage in murine intervertebral disc organ culture

Back and neck pain are leading causes of global disability that are associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Causes of IVD degeneration are multifactorial, and diet, age, and diabetes have all been linked to IVD degeneration. Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) accumulate in the IVD as a result of aging, diet, and diabetes, and AGE accumulation in the IVD has been shown to induce oxidative stress and catabolic activity that result in collagen damage. An association between AGE accumulation and IVD degeneration is emerging, yet mechanism behind this association remains unclear. The Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) is thought to induce catabolic responses in the IVD, and the AGE receptor Galectin 3 (Gal3) had a protective effect in other tissue systems but has not been evaluated in the IVD.
Characteristic Features of Deep Brain Lymphatic Vessels and Their Regulation by Chronic Stress

Studies have demonstrated that a functional network of meningeal lymphatic vessels exists in the brain. However, it is unknown whether lymphatic vessels could also extend deep into the brain parenchyma and whether the vessels could be regulated by stressful life events. We used tissue clearing techniques, immunostaining, light-sheet whole-brain imaging, confocal imaging in thick brain sections and flow cytometry to demonstrate the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma. Chronic unpredictable mild stress or chronic corticosterone treatment was used to examine the regulation of brain lymphatic vessels by stressful events. Western blotting and coimmunoprecipitation were used to provide mechanistic insights. We demonstrated the existence of lymphatic vessels deep in the brain parenchyma and characterized their features in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brainstem. Furthermore, we showed that deep brain lymphatic vessels can be regulated by stressful life events. Chronic stress reduced the length and areas of lymphatic vessels in the hippocampus and thalamus but increased the diameter of lymphatic vessels in the amygdala. No changes were observed in prefrontal cortex, lateral habenula, or dorsal raphe nucleus. Chronic corticosterone treatment reduced lymphatic endothelial cell markers in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, chronic stress might reduce hippocampal lymphatic vessels by down-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C receptors and up-regulating vascular endothelial growth factor C neutralization mechanisms. Our results provide new insights into the characteristic features of deep brain lymphatic vessels, as well as their regulation by stressful life events.
Smart Road Stud-Empowered Vehicle Magnetic Field Distribution and Vehicle Detection

A self-designed AMR detector named Smart Road Stud (SRS) is proposed. SRS, installed along lane markings, is not only a detector but also a lane markings enhancement device. Because a single SRS needs to detect vehicles on two lanes, the vehicle detection method for SRS is different from the AMR detectors installed in the middle of the lane or at the roadside. Based on SRS, an innovative mathematical model based on the magnetic dipole is developed to simulate vehicle magnetic field. According to the model, lane information can be inferred to achieve traffic volume detection. Results show that a single SRS delivers traffic volume detection accuracy of 97%, providing a strong foundation for future research to achieve higher detection performance based on multi-SRS linkage. The significance of this paper is to meet the detection requirements of warning equipment installed on lane markings.
Novel blood typing method by discrimination of hemagglutination and rouleaux using an erythrocyte aggregometer

BACKGROUND: In pretransfusion blood typing, pretreatments such as centrifugation and suspension of red blood cells (RBCs) and mixing them with sufficient amounts of reagents are required, but these steps are time-consuming and costly. OBJECTIVE: Aiming to develop a new blood typing method that requires no dilution and only a small amount of reagent, we attempted to determine blood type using syllectometry, an easy-to-use and rapid optical method for measuring the RBC aggregation that occurs when blood flow is abruptly stopped in a flow channel. METHODS: Samples of whole blood from 20 healthy participants were mixed with antibody reagents for blood typing at mixing ratios of 2.5% to 10% and measured with a syllectometry device. RESULTS: Amplitude (AMP), one of the aggregation parameters, showed significant differences between agglutination and non-agglutination samples at mixing ratios from 2.5% to 10%. Although there were significant individual differences in aggregation parameters, calculation of AMP relative to that of blood before reagent mixing reduced the individual differences and enabled determination of blood type in all participants. CONCLUSIONS: This new method enables blood typing with a small amount of reagent, without the time-consuming and labor-intensive pretreatments such as centrifugation and suspension of RBCs.
Prognostic whole-genome and transcriptome signatures in colorectal cancers

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is caused by a sequence of somatic genomic alterations affecting driver genes in core cancer pathways. To understand the functional and prognostic impact of cancer-causing somatic mutations, we analysed the whole genomes and transcriptomes of 1,063 primary CRCs in a population-based cohort with long-term follow-up. From the 96 mutated driver genes, 9 were novel to CRC and 24 to any cancer. Two distinct patterns of pathway co-mutations were observed, timing analyses identified 6 early and 3 late driver gene mutations, and several new signatures of CRC specific mutational processes were uncovered. Mutations in 10 protein-coding genes belonging to the WNT, EGFR, and TGF-{beta} pathways, 2 mitochondrial DNA genes and 3 regulatory elements along with the COSMIC SBS44 signature impacted survival. Gene expression classification yielded 5 prognostic subtypes with distinct molecular features, in part explained by underlying genomic alterations. Microsatellite instable tumours could be divided in two classes with different levels of hypoxia and infiltration of immune and stromal cells. This study constitutes the largest integrated genome and transcriptome analysis of CRC to date, and links mutations, gene expressions and patient outcomes. The identification of prognostic mutations and expression subtypes can guide future efforts to individualize CRC therapy.
Functional proportional hazards mixture cure model and its application to modelling the association between cancer mortality and physical activity in NHANES 2003-2006

We develop a functional proportional hazards mixture cure (FPHMC) model with scalar and functional covariates measured at the baseline. The mixture cure model, useful in studying populations with a cure fraction of a particular event of interest is extended to functional data. We employ the EM algorithm and develop a semiparametric penalized spline-based approach to estimate the dynamic functional coefficients of the incidence and the latency part. The proposed method is computationally efficient and simultaneously incorporates smoothness in the estimated functional coefficients via roughness penalty. Simulation studies illustrate a satisfactory performance of the proposed method in accurately estimating the model parameters and the baseline survival function. Finally, the clinical potential of the model is demonstrated in two real data examples that incorporate rich high-dimensional biomedical signals as functional covariates measured at the baseline and constitute novel domains to apply cure survival models in contemporary medical situations. In particular, we analyze i) minute-by-minute physical activity data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 to study the association between diurnal patterns of physical activity (PA) at baseline and all cancer mortality through 2019 while adjusting for other biological factors; ii) the impact of daily functional measures of disease severity collected in the intensive care unit on post ICU recovery and mortality event. Our findings provide novel epidemiological insights into the association between daily patterns of PA and cancer mortality. Software implementation and illustration of the proposed estimation method is provided in R.