Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trapping and tracking in the presence of phase disturbances

Functionalized surfaces can affect (bio-) chemical reactions and control spatially the affinity for various binding partners. By either distributing specific binding points, by using biological reconstituted systems on the surface or by investigating whole cells, a surface phase relief is introduced. In the proximity of a trapped particle, these surface scatterers will both disturb the optical trap and the position tracking signal by changing the wave front of the trapping laser. We investigate the influence of an additional scatterer on trapping force, detection sensitivity and local viscous drag by scanning an optically trapped bead (probe) across a structured surface. Using a photonic force microscope, the probe's fluctuation traces are recorded interferometrically in three dimensions with nm precision and at scan rates of several hundred kilohertz with a quadrant photodiode. The phase disturbance located underneath the optical trap alters the interferometric probe position signals and can lead to incorrect interaction measurements. We propose and test a procedure to correct for the phase disturbance of the surface structure. In a roll over experiment, where one nano-sphere rolls over another, we prove the applicability of our phase correction approach. In addition we investigate the influence of small gold dots on the coverslip on trapping parameters which are relevant for specific interaction measurements in biotechnology.
Simple method for retrieving leaf area index from Landsat using MODIS leaf area index products as reference

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key parameter in most land surface models. Models that operate at multiple spatial scales may require consistent LAI inputs at different spatial resolutions or from different sensors. For example, the atmosphere-land exchange inverse model and associated disaggregation algorithm (DisALEXI) use the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI product to model fluxes at regional scales (1- to 10-km grid resolution), and Landsat-based LAI to disaggregate to field scale (30-m grid). In order to make a MODIS-consistent LAI product from Landsat imagery for this combined scheme, a simple reference-based regression tree approach was developed. This approach uses homogeneous and high-quality LAI retrievals from MODIS as references to develop a regression tree relating these MODIS LAI samples to Landsat surface reflectances. Results show that the approach can produce accurate estimates of LAI from Landsat, as evaluated using field measurements collected during the soil moisture experiment of 2002, conducted in central Iowa during a period of rapid vegetation growth. The coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) computed between Landsat retrievals and field measurements was 0.94 at the field scale, with an overall mean bias error (MBE) of − 0.07 and mean absolute difference (MAD) of 0.23. MAD values of 0.17 and 0.32 were obtained for low to moderate LAI (0–3) and high LAI ( > 3 ), respectively, with some underestimation for the high LAI ( MBE = − 0.28 ). The LAI maps retrieved from Landsat were consistent with the MODIS estimates when aggregated to coarser scales. MAD computed between Landsat- and MODIS-derived LAI ranged from 0.07 to 0.83 for different Landsat dates, with no significant bias compared to MODIS high-quality retrievals. This approach demonstrates a simple framework for producing MODIS-consistent LAI from Landsat data for modeling the land surface at different spatial scales.
Magnetospheric convection and magnetopause shadowing effects in ULF wave‐driven energetic electron transport

Magnetospheric radiation belt electron transport in the presence of ULF waves and a convection electric field is investigated using a model that includes a nightside plasma sheet source and electron losses by magnetopause shadowing. Narrow‐band ULF waves launched from a prescribed dayside magnetopause source are shown to interact with trapped and untrapped equatorially mirroring electrons within the magnetosphere. For magnetic moments less than 8 keV/nT and a strong convection electric field (in the order of 5 mV/m), we find that a limb of untrapped plasma sheet electrons extending across the dayside magnetosphere into the afternoon sector provides a phase space density (PSD) source for injection to lower L‐shells by ULF waves, causing a rapid enhancement in PSD. However, the same ULF wave activity gives rise to a rapid dropout in PSD for electrons with a higher magnetic moment or in the presence of a weaker convection electric field, since in this case the plasma sheet electrons escape through the magnetopause before they reach the afternoon sector. In their place, a lack of PSD, or PSD “holes” can be periodically injected from the magnetopause to lower L‐shells by ULF waves, leading to the rapid depletion in average PSD. In each case, the magnitude and extent in L‐shell of the PSD enhancement or depletion is strongly dependent on the amplitude of ULF waves in the afternoon sector, and is significantly augmented by the overlap of drift‐resonant islands and an associated stochastic transport layer.
Fabrication and characterization of n-ZnO/p-AlGaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes on 6H-SiC substrates

We report on the fabrication of n-ZnO/p-AlGaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes on 6H-SiC substrates. Hydride vapor phase epitaxy was used to grow p-type AlGaN, while chemical vapor deposition was used to produce the n-type ZnO layers. Diode-like, rectifying I-V characteristics, with threshold voltage ~3.2V and low reverse leakage current ~10(-7)A, are observed at room temperature. Intense ultraviolet emission with a peak wavelength near 389 mn is observed when the diode is forward biased; this emission is found to be stable at temperatures up to 500K and shown to originate from recombination within the ZnO.
Full characterization of planar infrared metamaterials from far field diffraction pattern

Since the event of metamaterials, a considerable effort has been performed to fabricate them in the infrared and optical regimes. However, apart from the experimental demonstration and observation of H. J. Lezec et al based on surface plasma polariton, direct visualisation of negative refraction based on metal-dielectric resonances have not been performed experimentally so far in the infrared or visible regime (photonic crystals with periodicity on the order of the wavelength are not considered here). Very often only simulations have given the needed phase information for the retrieval methods in optical experiments. In this paper, a metamaterial composed of SRR (Split Ring Resonators) and a continuous wire is considered. We extract the phase information from the transmission and the reflection measurements through a diffraction grating made of the metamaterial to be characterized and silicon or gold. This retrieval allows a unambiguous retrieval of the effective parameters under conditions discussed in the paper at IR and visible wavelengths.
Identification of linear parameter-varying state-space models with application to helicopter rotor dynamics

A considerable amount of work has been dedicated in the past to the problem of the system identification of helicopter flight dynamics, while much less activity has been oriented to the goal of developing suitable identification procedures for rotor dynamics, mainly because of the difficulties associated with the task. This paper shows that subspace and optimization based identification techniques can be used to determine discrete-time linear parameter-varying models that have the potential to provide accurate descriptions for the (intrinsically time-varying) dynamics of a rotor blade. The identification techniques are presented and applied to simulated data generated by a physical model that describes the out-of-plane bending dynamics of a helicopter rotor blade.
Simulations to improve experimental designs for u-shaped dose-response modeling

This paper investigates the results of simulations from which clustered binary dose-response data are generated. This data mimics the type of discrete data collected from experiments conducted in developmental toxicity studies on animals. In particular one assumption used in the design of these simulations is that hormesis exists, as evidenced by the dose-response pattern of the generated data. This implies the existence of a threshold level, as hormesis, if it exists, would exist below this level. Below the threshold level, no adverse effects above the response at the control dose level should exist. While hormesis implies several dose-response patterns below threshold, in this paper, the hormetic pattern is assumed to be U-shaped. Improving upon the design of current and past developmental studies, these simulations also include designs in which dose levels and litters (clusters of animals) are allocated in a way that increases the power for detecting hormesis, assuming it exists. The beta-binomial distribution is used to model the clustered binary data that results from responses of animals in the same litter. The results of these simulations will indicate that by altering current designs of developmental studies, this improves the ability to detect hormesis.
Quench development and propagation in metal/MgB2 conductors

The thermal stability of different Fe- and Ni-sheathed MgB2 conductors has been studied experimentally and numerically, focusing on the estimation of the quench propagation velocities, vp, minimum quench energies (MQEs) and minimum propagating zones (MPZs). The measurements have been done at self-field and under adiabatic conditions, at variable temperatures and transport currents. Energy pulses were deposited to the conductor by passing rectangular current pulses through a graphite-based epoxy heater. The measured voltage around the heater together with numerical simulation allows the estimation of the minimum propagating zone. Moreover, vp was obtained by measuring multiple voltage taps and thermocouples attached along the conductor. The effect of the current sharing temperatures, Ic(T), of the superconductor, and thermal and electrical properties of the metal sheath have been analysed. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with the simulated ones, obtained by solving the one-dimensional heat balance equation of the system.
3D shape measurements for plano-convex lenses using fringe projection techniques

An approach using the fringe projection technique to perform the 3D profile measurement for a plano-convex lens is proposed. A fringe pattern is illuminated onto the lens object, and a CCD camera is employed to record the transmitted fringes on the screen. Fringes on the obtained image are deformed both by the refractive index and the topography of the object, and are analyzable to retrieve the 3D shape.
Evolution of nonparametric surfaces with speed depending on curvature II. The mean curvature case

We consider an evolution which starts as a flow of smooth surfaces in nonparametric form propagating in space with normal speed equal to the mean curvature of the current surface. The boundaries of the surfaces are assumed to remain fixed. G. Huisken has shown that if the boundary of the domain over which this flow is considered satisfies the “mean curvature” condition of H. Jenkins and J. Serrin (that is, the boundary of the domain is convex “in the mean”) then the corresponding initial boundary value problem with Dirichlet boundary data and smooth initial data admits a smooth solution for all time. In this paper we consider the case of arbitrary domains with smooth boundaries not necessarily satisfying the condition of Jenkins-Serrin. In this case, even if the flow starts with smooth initial data and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary data, singularities may develop in finite time at the boundary of the domain and the solution will not satisfy the boundary condition. We prove, however, existence of solutions that are smooth inside the domain for all time and become smooth up to the boundary after elapsing of a sufficiently long period of time. From that moment on such solutions assume the boundary values in the classical sense. We also give sufficient conditions that guarantee the existence of classical solutions for all time t ≧ 0. In addition, we establish estimates of the rate at which solutions tend to zero as t ∞.
On the cohomology of uniform arithmetically defined subgroups in SU*(2n)

Abstract We study the cohomology of compact locally symmetric spaces attached to arithmetically defined subgroups of the real Lie group G = SU*(2n). Our focus is on constructing totally geodesic cycles which originate with reductive subgroups in G. We prove that these cycles, also called geometric cycles, are non-bounding. Thus this geometric construction yields non-vanishing (co)homology classes. In view of the interpretation of these cohomology groups in terms of automorphic forms, the existence of non-vanishing geometric cycles implies the existence of certain automorphic forms. In the case at hand, we substantiate this close relation between geometry and automorphic theory by discussing the classification of irreducible unitary representations of G with non-zero cohomology in some detail. This permits a comparison between geometric constructions and automorphic forms.
Salmon enumeration in the Fraser River with the dual‐frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) acoustic imaging system

Reliable data on the number of salmon entering tributaries of the Fraser River to spawn (escapement) is needed for Pacific salmon management. Existing escapement techniques are costly and the number of populations requiring assessments has risen because of stock rebuilding efforts. The efficacy of a DIDSON acoustic imaging system for salmon stock assessment was investigated. Sixteen potential sites within the Fraser watershed were surveyed and based on channel morphology, bottom morphology, flow pattern, fish behavior and location relative to spawning grounds, ten sites in six rivers meet the needs of fisheries managers and the DIDSON system for escapement estimates. Fish count data from the DIDSON were compared to data from a counting fence (used as a standard) using regression techniques, resulting in relationships with slopes ranging from 0.98 to 1.02. The precison of DIDSON counts >50 (measured by CV) among three readers was 1.7%. This work supports the conclusion that the DIDSON system can deliver es.
Examples for the nonuniqueness of the equilibrium state

In this paper equilibrium states on shift spaces are considered. A uniqueness theorem for equilibrium states is proved. Then we study a particular class of continuous functions. We characterize the functions of this class which satisfy Ruelle's Perron-Frobenius condition, those which admit a measure determined by a homogeneity condition, and those which have unique equilibrium state. In particular, we get examples for the nonunique-ness of the equilibrium state.
ULTRAVIOLET IMAGING OF THE AGN + STARBURST GALAXY NGC 1068

Images of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068 were obtained at two ultraviolet wavelengths by the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT). These data represent the first detailed UV imagery of a composite (active galactic nucleus + starburst) disk galaxy. NGC 1068 cotains multiple components at UV wavelengths: the central active galactic nucleus; a population of very luminous starburst knots; a bright oval inner disk; and a fainter, more circular halo. The most luminous knot, which is located approximately 750 pc from the nucleus at PA 315 deg, is approximately 80 times the luminosity of 30 Doradus and gives NGC 1068 a 'double nucleus' appearance in the UV. Significant extended emission is observed throughout the disk, unlike other disk galaxies so far observed in the UV. The radial brightness profile in both UV bandpasses generally follows an exponential decline to approximately 5 kpc. A faint halo extending to approximately 13 kpc is likely to be a galaxian-sized reflection nebula where ambient dust scatters the intense UV continuum from the inner galaxy. UV colors show a striking asymmetric morphology, which is correlated with the observed molecular CO emission.
On the Attracting Orbit of a Nonlinear Transformation Arising from Renormalization of Hierarchically Interacting Diffusions

Abstract This paper analyzes the n -fold composition of a non-linear integral operator acting on a class of functions on [0, ∞). Attracting orbits and attracting fixed points are identified. Various results of convergence to these orbits and to these fixed points are derived. The proofs are based on order-preserving properties and comparison techniques. A key role is played by the eigenfunctions of the operator, which are used as comparison objects. The results imply that the space-time scaling limit of an infinite system of interacting diffusions has universal behavior independent of model parameters. The paper can be read independently of Part I.
Optimization Theory, Methods, and Applications in Engineering 2014

1 Department of Business Management, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 10608, Taiwan 2 Program in Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA 3 Antai College of Economics & Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Room 423, North Building, 535 Fahua Zhen Road, Changning, Shanghai 200052, China 4 Department of Business Administration, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320, Taiwan 5 Department of Information and Electronic Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran 050-8585, Japan
Acoustic and Other Physical Properties of Shallow‐Water Sediments off San Diego

This paper reports on a continuing study of the mass physical properties of surficial, shallow‐water marine sediments off San Diego, California. Sound velocity measurements in situ at 100 kc were made by pulsing between small transducers inserted into the bottom by diver. Density, porosity, and size analyses were determined on relatively undisturbed samples taken by diver. The following averaged representative values have been obtained: Velocity in sediment at Impedance Density Porosity Med. diam 60°F (105 g/Sediment type (g/cc) (%) (mm) (ft/sec) cm2 sec)Fine sand 1.93 46.2 0.19 5520 3.25Very fine sand 1.92 47.7 0.12 5435 3.18Silty very fine sand 1.68 61.3 0.05 5075 2.60Medium silt 1.69 60.9 0.03 4825 2.49Clayey fine silt 1.60 65.6 0.02 4800 2.34Laboratory measurements of velocity and attenuation 25 to 35 kc were made by a resonant‐chamber method using diver‐taken samples; average attenuation values of about 0.5 db/ft (silt) to about 5 db/ft (fine sand) were obtained. At three stations the sediment sound .
Volatile profiling of food baits targeting female melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coq.) (Tephritidae: Diptera) in gourds

Melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coq.) (Tephritidae: Diptera) , is a serious threat in horticultural crops especially in cucurbits. Development of female-based trap would be more sensible, befitting and more beneficial. Focusing on female fruit flies, three food baits viz , Bait 1 (guava-based food bait), Bait 2 (muskmelon-based food bait) and Bait 3 (guava + muskmelon-based food bait) were developed and volatiles collected from the baits were analysed in GC-MS to determine the compounds responsible for attraction and further subjected to heat map analysis and Principal Component Analysis to quantify their distribution and abundance in the baits. Results revealed that compounds namely á-Pinene, à-Phellandrene, o-Cymene, Caryophyllene were predominantly observed in all the three baits whereas compounds such as 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 1-Pentanol and á-Ocimene were predominant in B1, B2 and B3 baits respectively. Many other compounds such as ethyl butanoate, benzothiazole, myrcene, phenylethyl alcohol were found to be unique compounds in each bait.
Approach to image segmentation with edge gradient estimate

Gradient amplitude and phase can't be used together in traditional edge detection procedure, So an algorithm for image segmentation based on edge gradient estimate is given in this paper. First, a standard template is ascertained by the gradient phase of the center pixel; then, estimate edge gradient is the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the normalized data vector and the template. The method of non-maximum suppression is used when determining pixel local maximum point; hysteresis threshold is used when determining edge point. In both the treatment process, the normalized gradient amplitude and phase would regard as distinguish basis, so this will increase the capability of weak edge detection, and it can suppress the noise impact. This paper gives the relevant experiment result.
A CDH-based Ordered Multisignature Scheme Provably Secure without Random Oracles (Preprint)

Ordered multisignature scheme is a signature scheme to guarantee both validity of an electronic document and its signing order. Although the security of most of such schemes has been proven in the random oracle model, the difficulty of implementation of the random oracle implies that the security should be proven without random oracles, i.e., in the standard model. A straightforward way to construct such schemes in the standard model is to apply aggregate signature schemes. However, the existing schemes based on the CDH problem are inefficient in the sense that the number of computations of the bilinear maps and the length of public keys depend upon the length of (a hash value of) the message. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a CDH-based ordered multisignature scheme which is provably secure in the standard model under a moderate attack model. Its computational cost for the bilinear maps and the size of public key are independent of the length of (a hash value of) the message. More specifically, in comparison with the existing schemes, the public key length is reduced to three group elements from 512 group elements while the computational cost is reduced to 0.85 msec from 1.6 msec.
On Chernoff's Hypotheses Testing Problem for the Drift of a Brownian Motion

This paper contains detailed exposition of the results presented in the short communication [M. V. Zhitlukhin and A. A. Muravlev, Russian Math. Surveys, 66 (2011), pp. 1012--1013]. We consider Chernoff's problem of sequential testing of two hypotheses about the sign of the drift of a Brownian motion under the assumption that it is normally distributed. We obtain an integral equation which characterizes the optimal decision rule and find its solution numerically.
Accretion Model for Outbursts of Dwarf Nova

Structure and stability of an accretion ring around the white dwarf component of a dwarf nova is investigated on the basis of the theory of accretion disks. It is found that the surface density of the accretion ring increases to a certain critical value by continual mass transfer from the red star companion, at which thermal instability develops within the accretion ring and the material of the ring drifts inward to produce a luminous accretion disk around the white dwarf. The theory developed here is in good agreement with observational requirements of dwarf nova.
On the Correspondence between Micromechanical Models for Isothermal Pseudoelastic Response of Shape Memory Alloys and the Preisach Model for Hysteresis

In this work, the authors derive the weighting functions of the Preisach model of hysteresis (used for real-time control applications) corresponding to the uniaxial isothermal psuedoelastic response of an SMA polycrystal. A uniform distribution of single crystals is taken to constitute the polycrystal. The assumed phase transformation criterion is based on the shear component of the traction vector on a habit plane reaching a threshold value. The derived weighting functions are correlated analytically to the isothermal transformation properties of the single crystals and through the orientation distribution function to the polycrystalline SMA. The purpose of the present work is to provide a point of departure from the traditional practice by which the weighting functions are being determined from experimental data on polycrystalline SMA actuators.