Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor manufacturing technology

1. Introduction to the Semiconductor Industry. 2. Characteristics of Semiconductor Materials. 3. Device Technologies. 4. Silicon and Wafer Preparation. 5. Chemicals in Semiconductor Fabrication. 6. Contamination Controls in Wafer Fabs. 7. Metrology and Defect Inspection. 8. Gas Control in Process Chambers. 9. IC Fabrication Process Overview. 10. Oxidation. 11. Deposition. 12. Metallization. 13. Photolithography: Vapor Prime to Soft Bake. 14. Photolithography: Alignment and Exposure. 15. Photolithography: Photoresist Development and Advanced Lithography. 16. Etch. 17. Ion Implant. 18. Chemical Mechanical Planarization. 19. Wafer Test. 20. Assembly and Packaging. Appendices. Glossary. Index.
PROGRESS ON TISSUE-LEVEL, FUNCTIONAL TOLERANCE CRITERIA AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE LIVING BRAIN WITH ANATOMICAL RESOLUTION

Determining failure limits for biological tissues is necessary for predicting the injury potential of a loading scenario. For brain tissue, cell death and changes in electrophysiological function are more meaningful than mechanical failure criteria. Interim data is presented on a functional tolerance criterion for the hippocampus. In addition, material properties of the hippocampus were measured with the atomic force microscope. The CA1 subfield was significantly stiffer than the rest of the hippocampus. Both the tolerance criterion and material properties can be incorporated into computer models to increase their biofidelity and extend their capabilities to predict biological outcomes. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143807.
Working Postures and Movements: Tools for Evaluation and Engineering

INTRODUCTIONMusculoskeletal InjuriesStudies of Posture and MovementInternational Approaches for Evaluation and EngineeringRisk AssessmentOverview of the BookANTHROPOMETRYTraditional Anthropometry Bruce Bradtmiller, Claire Gordon, Makiko Kouchi, Hans Jnrgens, and Young-Suk LeeThree-Dimensional Anthropometry Kathleen Robinette, Hein Daanen, and Greg ZehnerMOTOR BEHAVIOR Nico DellemanGazingReachingVISION AND EYES Wolfgang Jaschinski and Herbert HeuerBasic Ocular Muscle Functions and Their Operating RangesViewing DistanceVertical Gaze DirectionUser PreferencesHEAD AND NECK Nico DellemanHead InclinationNeck Flexion/ExtensionNeck TwistingTRUNK Jaap Van Dien and Maury NussbaumDefinitions and MeasurementTrunk AnatomyEffects of Trunk PostureGeneral Evaluation CriteriaPELVISSitting Behavior Antonio Grieco, Giovanni Molteni, and Giovanni De VitoSeating Concepts Tom Bendix and Bob BridgerPelvis and Neighboring Segments Bob Bridger and Tom BendixLEG AND FOOTPedal Operation Xuguang Wang and Margaret BullockFlooring and Standing Raki? Cham and Mark RedfernSlips and Falls Mark Redfern, Raki? Cham, and Brian MoyerSHOULDER GIRDLE AND UPPER ARMShoulder Girdle DirkJan Veeger and Frans Van der HelmUpper Arm Arne Aars FOREARM AND HANDHand-Handle Coupling Susan Hallbeck and Roland KadeforsElbow, Forearm, and Wrist Richard WellsMULTIPLE FACTOR MODELS AND WORK ORGANIZATIONMultiple Factor Models Daniela Colombini and Enrico OcchipintiVariation and Autonomy Svend Erik Mathiassen and Marita ChristmanssonFORCE EXERTION Christine HaslegravePostural BehaviorStrength Capability and Guidelines for Force ExertionPERFORMANCE Colin Drury and Victor PaquetMeasuring PerformanceSpeed-Accuracy Trade-Off in PerformanceMechanisms and a Model of Posture and PerformanceStudies of Posture and PerformanceConclusionsDIGITAL HUMAN MODELS FOR ERGONOMIC DESIGN AND ENGINEERING Don ChaffinThe Jack Human Simulation Tool Ulrich RaschkeThe SAFEWORK Human Simulation Tool Mark MorrisseyThe RAMSIS and ANTHROPOS Human Simulation Tools Andreas SeidlSAMMIE: A Computer Aided Ergonomics Design Tool Mark Porter, Russell Marshall, Martin Freer, and Keith CaseBoeing Human Modeling System (BHMS) Steve RiceINDEX
An investigation of internal accounting control in microcomputer-based small business accounting systems

This project investigates internal accounting control in microcomputer-based small business accounting systems. Two research objectives are addressed by the study. The first objective assesses internal accounting control in microcomputer-based small business accounting systems. The second objective analyzes small business characteristics that are associated with the level of internal accounting control. The data to analyze these two objectives was collected from a random survey of 4,273 small businesses and from data provided by the Price Waterhouse study. The sampled population was obtained from the vendors of 24 accounting software packages. The response rate from the survey was 13.9 percent, with a usable response rate of 11.5 percent. The first objective is tested by using descriptive and empirical analyses. The descriptive analysis addresses the internal controls that have been implemented by small businesses. The empirical analysis tests four hypotheses that address the issues of the (1) awareness of software program controls, (2) implementation of software program controls, and (3) role of vendor support in control awareness and implementation. The results for the first objective indicate that (1) internal accounting control can be improved and that the areas where improvement is needed most are controls relating to separation of duties and access, (2) awareness of software program controls is relatively high, (3) implementation of software program controls is relatively high, and (4) awareness and implementation of software program controls are dependent upon software type. The second objective is tested by using descriptive and empirical analyses. The descriptive analysis identifies small business characteristics that are associated with the control index. The empirical analysis tests four hypotheses regarding the relationship between the control index and three common characteristics (accounting knowledge of management, number of accounting employees, and quality of vendor support). The results for the second objective indicate that the three common characteristics and 12 additional small business characteristics are significantly associated with the control index. Additionally, the results indicate that transformations for the number of accounting employees, the experience surrogate for the accounting manager, the courses surrogate for the accounting manager, and the adequate vendor support surrogate are significant predictors of the control index.
Environmental Benefits of Cement and Areca Nut Husk Ash on Behavior of Clay and Red Clay

The swelling and shrinkage characteristics of clay soil types cause many problems in civil engineering works like Laying, buildings and roads constructions. These soil types tend to put challenges to civil engineers as their shearing strength and bearing capacity are extremely low. Many studies have been made to rectify these challenges by using different materials and various innovative ways that could possibly improve the soil engineering properties, as well as reduce environmental hazards in a cost-effective way. This study focuses on the use of areca nut husk ash and cement as admixture to improve the stabilization properties of clay and red clay soil types. The stabilization of soil was tested by adopting the standard methods such as Atterberg’s limit test, Standard proctor test and unconfined compressive strength test by mixing equal proportion of admixture to both soil types with varying percentages of clay (0%, 3%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and red clay (0%, 2%, 3% and 4%) soils. From the results, it was observed that clay soil with 6% of admixture and red clay with 3% admixture were optimum and the findings clearly showed that the stability of clay and red clay soil, can be improved by admixture containing areca nut husk ash and cement and this can be used as a good ground improvement technique in engineering projects.
General Theory of Walkability as criteria for regenerating Maadi as a walkable neighborhood

: Although Maadi neighborhood managed to keep some of its old magic and is more or less still considered as one of Cairo's most attractive, walkable and prestigious neighborhood, yet it gained some of the characteristics of the current great city of Cairo; where high rise buildings and traffic have recently appeared which led to the decline of the street’s social life in most of Maadi’s streets and the harmony of its urban design. Unfortunately the streets that used to formulate the urban design of Maadi and manipulated its historical value, livability and its sociability, lost its intimate scale, and became a more service road, without any kind of public life . Moreover, walking habits disappeared over the diminishing of walking streets that were replaced with wider roads for cars. Thus, the paper seeks to study the problems facing walkability in Maadi as a model of one of the most pedestrian and child friendly neighborhood in Cairo, and exploring the merits of the new urban theories methods and approaches followed in the developed countries such as the General Theory of Walkability; that is addressing the different aspects of walkability to enhance the urban harmony in the inner cities. Accordingly, the paper proposes selecting criteria to demarcate the areas that could be transferred into walkable ones, to be applied on Maadi, as picking the most suitable areas, would act as a catalyst to foster walkability to the rest of the neighborhood, and preserve the urban fabric of Maadi.
Swedes Online: You Are More Tracked Than You Think

When you are browsing websites, third-party resources record your online habits; such tracking can be considered an invasion of privacy. It was previously unknown how many third-party resources, trackers and tracker companies are present in the different classes of websites chosen: globally popular websites, random samples of . se/. dk/. com/. net domains and curated lists of websites of public interest in Sweden. The in-browser HTTP/HTTPS traffic was recorded while downloading over 150,000 websites, allowing comparison of HTTPS adaption and third-party tracking within and across the different classes of websites.The data shows that known third-party resources including known trackers are present on over 90% of most classes, that third-party hosted content such as video, scripts and fonts make up a large portion of the known trackers seen on a typical website and that tracking is just as prevalent on secure as insecure sites.Observations include that Google is the most widespread tracker organization by far, that content is being served by known trackers may suggest that trackers are moving to providing services to the end user to avoid being blocked by privacy tools and ad blockers, and that the small difference in tracking between using HTTP and HTTPS connections may suggest that users are given a false sense of privacy when using HTTPS.
Variants of Psychopathy in Chinese Juvenile Offenders: A Latent Profile Analysis

Despite considerable understanding on the psychopathy subtypes in detained populations, the variants of psychopathy in non-Western populations are less well understood. To address this gap, the present study conducted a series of latent profile analyses with the factors of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory, childhood trauma, and trait anxiety in 560 Chinese incarcerated boys (Mage = 16.92, SD = 0.81). Four subgroups emerged: relatively normal (67.3%); callous, psychopathy-like (2.8%); moderate psychopathy-like (24.8%); and high traumatic, moderate psychopathy-like (5.1%). Moreover, the modified Bolck–Croon–Hagenaars method was used to examine the significant mean differences on covariates across profiles, including proactive aggression, reactive aggression, affective empathy, and cognitive empathy. Results showed that the psychopathic profiles displayed differences on key variables. The callous, psychopathy-like group endorsed higher aggression and lower empathy. This study provides initial empirical support for the existence of psychopathy variants and enhances the understanding of the psychopathic construct in non-Western cultures.
Introduction to the Design of Fixed-Wing Micro Air Vehicles: Including Three Case Studies

* An Overview of Micro Air Vehicle Development * Elements of Aerodynamics, Propulsion, and Design * Autopilot Integration into Micro Air Vehicles * Case Study: The Micro Tactical Expendable (MITE) Rigid-Wing Micro Air Vehicle * Case Study: Flexible Wing Micro Air Vehicles * Case Study: Development of Micro Air Vehicles with In-Flight Adaptive Wing * Summary.
Modified Value-Added Intellectual Capital (MVAIC): Contemporary Improved Measurement Model for Intangible Assets.

The purpose of this study is to explain the new measurement model for intangible asset named Modified Value-Added Intellectual Capital (MVAIC). This measurement model measured intangible asset in a robust way. MVAIC is a broadly measure of Intellectual capital based on previous VAIC model. However, MVAIC included relational capital efficiency (RCE). The value of relational capital is obtained from the amount of expenses incurred for marketing. The advantage of MVAIC is that it can measure intellectual capitals related to the company's relationship with external parties from a broader perspective. In the context of this relationship, it can be measured by means of monetization, that is, introducing the company to the public through marketing and providing economic benefits that can be provided in the form of services or commodities. This study systematically includes all the past literatures on the measurement model for intangibles. The researcher suggested to use MVAIC measurement model for future studies as it provides better results.
An examination of the curricular resource use and self-efficacy of Utah school-based agricultural education teachers: An exploratory study.

There has been a large variety of curricular resources utilized by School Based Agriculture Education Teachers. These resources vary in many ways, including structure, organization, depth of knowledge, and flexibility. The purpose of this study was to explore the Pedagogical Design Capacity of Utah SBAE teachers’ through a close examination of the relationship between a teacher’s level of self-efficacy and the types of curricular resources they utilized in their classroom. A sample of 114 was drawn from the population of 146 in Utah. Of the 13 curricular resources identified, the curriculum provided by Utah State FFA had the highest frequency of use with 94.1% (f =32.0) of teachers reporting use. It was reported that the mean self-efficacy for Utah SBAE teachers was M = 3.80 (SD = .41). A positive correlation with teacher self-efficacy was reported for five of the resources, seven resources reported a negative correlation, and one resource was found to have a negligible correlation. Each of the resources which produced a positive correlation with self-efficacy were expertly developed curricular resources. Because teachers use several curricular resources, materials should be designed to be used in concert with other sources.
Site Characterization in Shelby County, Tennessee Using Advanced Surface Wave Methods

The focus of the current study was to develop improved experimental and analytical methods to increase the applicability and accuracy of seismic surface wave testing for use in geotechnical site characterization. The recent research completed by Zywicki (1999) on the use of array-based techniques for use in active and passive surface wave testing was refined and expanded resulting in the development of the current surface wave testing procedures. The current developments focused on improving the procedures typically used in traditional engineering surface wave studies by implementing array-based testing and analysis procedures and improved signal processing techniques. An experimental testing program was conducted to evaluate the developed procedures and to provide near-surface shear wave velocity (VS) data for the Memphis, Tennessee metropolitan region. This testing program consisted of 11 sites in Mid-America, ten within the Memphis, TN metropolitan area and one site in Northwest Arkansas. The testing program allowed for the comparison with previous data obtained using other in situ techniques, and with traditional surface wave data in order to validate the accuracy of the current methods and to highlight the improved capabilities over traditional surface wave methods. Additionally, active and passive procedures were combined in an effort to improve the range and capabilities of the individual methods allowing for more complete site characterization.
Phase equilibria and thermodynamic evaluation of the Fe-Ti-V-O system in air

In this study, the iron-titanium-vanadium-oxygen (Fe-Ti-V-O) system in equilibrium with air was studied experimentally by high-temperature equilibration, quenching, scanning electron microscope and microprobe analysis coupled with critical assessment and thermodynamic evaluation. The properties of the liquid phase were successfully described with the quasichemical model by optimizing parameters only related to the Fe-Ti-O system; remaining parameters for the Fe-V-O and Ti-V-O sub-systems were adopted from recent optimisations. The model for the rutile and hematite solid solutions were described with the compound energy formalism. The ferropseudobrookite solid solution was modelled with a simple polynomial model to include a small solubility V2O5. A final set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters was estimated within acceptable error limits. Calculated isothermal projections at 1000 ◦C, 1100 ◦C, 1200 ◦C, 1300 ◦C, and 1400 ◦C of the Fe-Ti-V-O system in equilibrium with air are presented and compared to experimental observations.
LIGHT VEHICLE FORWARD-LOOKING, REAR-END COLLISION WARNING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE GUIDELINES

This document presents performance guidelines for the design and development of forward looking, rear-end, collision warning systems to improve vehicular safety by eliminating or mitigating vehicular rear-end collisions through driver notification or warning. All aspects of performance are addressed including general system requirements, driver/vehicle interface methodology, collision dynamics, standardized testing and estimation of associated benefits. These guidelines are intended to be used by manufacturers and developers of vehicular based forward-looking, rear-end collision warning systems as a tool to: 1) standardize system requirements, 2) standardize driver interface and control among systems developed by different manufacturers and, 3) standardize testing to be used in verifying proper system operation.
Social Media Data

All types of machine automated systems are generating large amount of data in different forms like statistical, text, audio, video, sensor, and bio-metric data that emerges the term Big Data. In this paper we are discussing issues, challenges, and application of these types of Big Data with the consideration of big data dimensions. Here we are discussing social media data analytics, content based analytics, text data analytics, audio, and video data analytics their issues and expected application areas. It will motivate researchers to address these issues of storage, management, and retrieval of data known as Big Data. As well as the usages of Big Data analytics in India is also highlighted.
System Modeling and Controller Design for a Single Degree of Freedom Spacecraft Simulator

Title of Thesis: SYSTEM MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR A SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SPACECRAFT SIMULATOR Melissa F. Vess, Master of Science, 2005 Thesis directed by: Professor Robert M. Sanner Department of Aerospace Engineering Control systems theory is an important field of study for many branches of engineering. Teaching control systems to engineering students, however, is often difficult due to the abstract nature of the subject. TableSat is a single degree of freedom spacecraft simulator that includes sensors, actuators, a power system, and a flight processor. Students can use TableSat to design and test controllers, allowing them to see how theoretically designed controllers function in a real system. TableSat, like all real systems, is highly nonlinear. To make TableSat an effective teaching tool, the system nonlinearities are identified and compensation methods undertaken to eliminate those nonlinearities. Linear and truth system models are created for use in controller design and testing. The system models are tested and verified and then used to design and test several controllers and estimators. Results are presented that compare results for the linear model, truth model, and real TableSat system.
HCI perspectives on behavior change support systems

In this thesis we have focused on the techniques and principles from the field of human computer interaction to design, implement and evaluate the Kristina coaching system. We paid special attention to the effects on user perception when feedback was presented in different formats. Kristina is a multi-­‐device coaching system. It uses data from different input devices to measure physical activity and medication intake. Overviews and feedback messages can be received on different output. Principles from the field of human computer interaction can contribute to the design and the evaluation of early stage health behavior change support systems. Without evaluation studies in the traditional clinical sense we were able to investigate the user perception of the system and whether the system was supporting the users as it was supposed to do. We have presented the results of a context mapping study and two online questionnaires. These results were input for a requirement analysis for the first prototype of the Kristina system. We have presented five user evaluation studies to investigate differences in user perception between feedback messages presented in plain text or by a virtual human. Results from the different user evaluation studies showed that feedback messages presented by a virtual human did not improve the user perception of the coaching application when short and frequent messages were received on a smartphone. Feedback messages presented by a virtual human did improve the user perception of the coaching application when weekly feedback messages were sent to a personal computer or laptop. Results from the log data of the six week user evaluation study showed trends in the effects on performance and adherence. We found differences between the control group and the text group on the number of uploads of physical activity data and the level of physical activity. Participants from the text group showed a higher number of physical activity data uploads compared to participants from the control group. The level of physical activity of the participants of the text group was higher compared to the control group. Glanceablilty, enabling users to understand information with low cognitive effort, is important when feedback messages are received on a smartphone. The use of a virtual human does not satisfy the requirements of glanceability.
Detecting Test Clones with Static Analysis

Large-scale software systems often have correspondingly complicated test suites, which are difficult for developers to construct and maintain. As systems evolve, engineers must update their test suite along with changes in the source code. Tests created by duplicating and modifying previously existing tests (clones) can complicate this task. Several testing technologies have been proposed to mitigate cloning in tests, including parametrized unit tests and test theories. However, detecting opportunities to improve existing test suites is labour intensive. This thesis presents a novel technique for detecting similar tests based on type hierarchies and method calls in test code. Using this technique, we can track variable history and detect test clones based on test assertion similarity. The thesis further includes results from our empirical study of 10 benchmark systems using this technique which suggest that test clone detection by our technique will aid test de-duplication efforts in industrial systems.