Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conventional or organic wine production? Establishing the hierarchy of values in the producer’s decision-making model

Purpose: The aim of this article is to understand how Polish winemakers make decisions about the type of production; to identify barriers of implementation of organic practices organic, to understand the values that are behind the decision-making process in the context of the three areas of sustainable development and present recommendations in relation to Originality/value: This paper fills a gap in literature science, by the Authors' knowledge, 1 this is the first article to use the AHP method to determine how winemakers make decisions 2 about the type of production.
Factors Associated with Trajectories of Physical Activity Over 8 Years in Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate (1) trajectories of physical activity (PA) over 96 months and (2) study to what extent knee pain, muscle strength, physical function, and radiographic disease were associated with PA trajectories in adults with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Using the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) database, we described PA trajectories with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) over 96 months. Knee pain was categorized into three groups: “no pain” [visual numeric pain rating scale (VAS = 0)], “little to some pain” (VAS = 1-3), or “moderate to severe pain” (VAS ≥ 4). Knee extensor strength was classified into high [>16.21 (men) and >10.82 (women) N/kg/m2] and low [<16.21 (men) and <10.82 (women) N/kg/m2] groups. Gait speed was classified into slow (<1.22 m/s) and fast (≥1.22 m/s) groups. Chair stand time was classified into slow (>12 seconds) and fast (<12 seconds) groups. Radiographic disease was classified as present [Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) ≥2] or absent (KL grade <2) of KOA. Results: Among 3755 participants (age 61.0 ± 9.0 years, body mass index 28.5±4.8 kg/m2, 58% female), we identified three trajectories: sedentary PA with slow decline (44.3%), low PA with slow decline (41.3%), and high PA with slow decline (14.4%). Poorer gait speed (OR: 2.32; 95% CI: 1.71-3.16), chair stand time (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.07-1.96), and knee extensor strength (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.03-1.76), but not pain or radiographic disease, were associated with PA trajectory of sedentary PA with slow decline. Conclusion: Physical function and strength, but not pain and radiographic disease, were associated with a trajectory of decline in PA among adults with or at risk of KOA.
A case of massive pancreatic fluid collection managed with percutaneous pigtail drainage as step-up approach

A 19-year-old male presented to us with complain of acute epigastric pain for 2 weeks duration. The pain was dull aching in nature, radiating to back. On examination he was of average built and nutrition, dysnoic and tachypnoic with pulse rate of 140 /min, respiratory rate 26 /min, blood pressure 140/80 mmHg, saturation on room air 90%, bilateral (b/l) pedal edema present. On per abdomen examination abdomen was distended, fullness was present in bilateral upper abdomen. So, after thorough investigation, diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was made and subsequently planned for ultrasonography (USG) guided percutaneous pigtail drainage as step-up approach in view of multiple loculated collections. Nasojejunal tube was inserted for entral nutrition. First perihepatic collection was drained on day 1, then lesser sac and pelvis drainage was done on day 2. At times, the collections may extend into the subhepatic space from the lesser sac through foramen of Winslow. Such subhepatic collections are intraperitoneal rather than retroperitoneal and there is a significant risk of peritoneal leak during endoscopic transmural drainage that may cause peritonitis. The collections may extend to either or both paracolic gutters retroperitoneally and at times to pelvis. In these retroperitoneal collections where endoscopic transmural drainage that may cause peritonitis, percutaneous pigtail drainage as a step-up approach is a feasible option.
Waves in plasmas.

We shall now discuss the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a hydrogen plasma–an electrically neutral fluid of protons and electrons. This will allow us to develop a specific expression for the dielectric constant as a function of frequency. Maxwell’s equations include the charge density  =  ( − ) and the current density = − ( − )  We will be looking for normal modes of the complete system of particles plus fields. If we assume that each field has the form   =  0 ·−), as usual, (or equivalently, take the Fourier transform of the equations) then we find:
Introverted algebras with mean value

Let A be an introverted algebra with mean value. We prove that its spectrum \Delta (A) is a compact topological semigroup, and that the kernel K(\Delta (A)) of \Delta (A) is a compact topological group over which the mean value on A can be identified as the Haar integral. Based on these facts and also on the fact that K(\Delta (A)) is an ideal of \Delta (A), we define the convolution over \Delta (A). We then use it to derive some new convergence results involving the convolution product of sequences. These convergence results provide us with an efficient method for studying the asymptotics of nonlocal problems. The obtained results systematically establish the connection between the abstract harmonic analysis and the homogenization theory. To illustrate this, we work out some homogenization problems in connection with nonlocal partial differential equations.
L_infinity algebras as 1-jets of simplicial manifolds (and a bit beyond)

The procedure "Lie group --> Lie algebra" has a generalization "simplicial manifold --> L_infinity algebra", or yet better, "presheaf on the category of surjective submersions --> L_infinity algebra". We describe this generalization, together with its higher-order extensions.
Socio-cultural norms encouraging violence against women (VAW) from a popular ethnic group in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria and the roles of schools in preventing VAW

Abstract Existing literature has shown that violence against women (VAW) is still common in Africa. Harmful traditional cultural norms have contributed to VAW. The identification and the awareness of the negative effect of these socio-cultural norms (SCN) will reduce VAW in Nigeria. This work looks at the socio-cultural norms (SCN) that lead to violence against rural and sub-urban Nigerian women. A mixed research approach involving 400 people from Ikaland of different age levels, marital status, and educational attainment was adopted. More than 75% of the respondents agreed that blaming the wife for her husband’s angry outburst, not prospering, and his mysterious death are the leading promoters of VAW. Others are; that a woman is not accorded respect if she is not married, and it is not proper for a wife to deed any landed property in her name. Participants suggested that schools could minimise these SCN by using the teaching-learning process, mass media, and professional academic associations to carry out public campaigns. This investigation adds to the current body of information on SCN that promote VAW in the various ethnic groups and provides ways the schools can contribute to combating these norms. Educational stakeholders should implement the recommended school ways of eliminating these identified socio-cultural norms.
Prosecutorial Gatekeeping and Its Effects on Criminal Accountability: The Roman Prosecutor’s Office and Corruption Investigations in Italy, 1975–1994

Abstract What explains a criminal justice system’s persistent failure to prosecute a salient and widespread criminal issue, such as systemic corruption? I argue that this results from the presence of a prosecutorial gatekeeper, namely an institution capable of raising jurisdictional issues strategically for the purpose of appropriating investigations and controlling their outcome. In this article, I examine the effects of prosecutorial gatekeeping on corruption investigations within the Italian context. I analyze the causes and effects of the Roman prosecutor’s office use of gatekeeping powers over the years from 1975 to 1994. I show that the Roman prosecutor’s office pursued prosecutorial gatekeeping in order to undermine sensitive corruption investigations involving elected officials and state agents. This resulted in the Italian criminal justice system’s protracted failure to uncover systemic political corruption. Only a suspension in the use of prosecutorial gatekeeping eventually allowed for the Mani Pulite (Clean Hands) operation to move forward unobstructed in exposing this pervasive criminal system in 1992.
A quadcopter unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based methodology for measuring biomass burning emission factors

Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) emits large quantities of greenhouse gases (GHG) and aerosols that impact the climate and adversely affect human health. Although much research has focused on quantifying BB emissions on regional to global scales, field measurements of BB emission factors (EFs) are sparse, clustered and indicate high spatio-temporal variability. EFs are generally calculated from ground or aeroplane measurements with respective potential biases towards smouldering or flaming combustion products. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have the potential to measure BB EFs in fresh smoke, targeting different parts of the plume at relatively low cost. We propose a light-weight UAS-based method to measure EFs for carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) as well as PM2.5 (TSI Sidepak AM520) and equivalent black carbon (eBC, microAeth AE51) using a combination of a sampling system with Tedlar bags which can be analysed on the ground and with airborne aerosol sensors. In this study, we address the main challenges associated with this approach: (1) the degree to which a limited number of samples is representative for the integral smoke plume and (2) the performance of the lightweight aerosol sensors. While aerosol measurements can be made continuously in a UAS set-up thanks to the lightweight analysers, the representativeness of our Tedlar bag filling approach was tested during prescribed burning experiments in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We compared fire-averaged EFs from UAS-sampled bags for savanna fires with integrated EFs from co-located mast measurements. Both measurements matched reasonably well with linear R2 ranging from 0.81 to 0.94. Both aerosol sensors are not factory calibrated for BB particles and therefore require additional calibration. In a series of smoke chamber experiments, we compared the lightweight sensors with high-fidelity equipment to empirically determine specific calibration factors (CF) for measuring BB particles. For the PM mass concentration from a TSI Sidepak AM520, we found an optimal CF of 0.27, using a scanning mobility particle sizer and gravimetric reference methods, although the CF varied for different vegetation fuel types. Measurements of eBC from the Aethlabs AE51 aethalometer agreed well with the multi-wavelength aethalometer (AE33) (linear R2 of 0.95 at λ=880 nm) and the wavelength corrected multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP, R2 of 0.83 measuring at λ=637 nm). However, the high variability in observed BB mass absorption cross-section (MAC) values (5.2±5.1 m2 g−1) suggested re-calibration may be required for individual fires. Overall, our results indicate that the proposed UAS set-up can obtain representative BB EFs for individual savanna fires if proper correction factors are applied and operating limitations are well understood.
Optical Magnetic Response in a Single Metal Nanobrick

Anti-symmetric localized surface plasmons are demonstrated on a single silver nanostrip sandwiched by SiC layers. By employing the resonance of anti-symmetric localized surface plasmons, we enable single metal nanobricks to produce optical magnetism, in the blue and violet light range, as well as in a part of the ultraviolet light range. The physical mechanism is explained.
Improved transport properties of Al2O3∕AlGaN∕GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistor

The authors report on improved transport properties of Al2O3∕AlGaN∕GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs). It is found that the drift mobility in the MOSHFET structures with 4nm thick Al2O3 gate oxide is significantly higher than that in HFETs. The zero-bias mobilities are 1950 and 1630cm2∕Vs for the MOSHFET and HFET, respectively. An ∼40% increase of the saturation drain current in the MOSHFETs compared to the HFETs seems to be larger than expected from the passivation effects. The MOSHFET devices show a higher transconductance (with peak values of ∼115mS∕mm) than the HFETs (∼70mS∕mm). Analysis of the device performance indicates a decrease of the parasitic series resistance together with an enhancement of the effective velocity of the channel electrons in the MOSHFET devices.
Early postnatal brain overgrowth and gene expression changes prefigure functional over-connectivity of the cortex in Chd8 haploinsufficient mice

Truncating CHD8 mutations are amongst the highest confidence risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) identified to date. Here, we report that Chd8 heterozygous mice display subtle brain hyperplasia shortly after birth, hypertelorism, early motor delay, pronounced hypoactivity and anomalous responses to social stimuli. Whereas gene expression in the neocortex is only mildly affected at mid-gestation, over 600 genes are differentially expressed in the early postnatal neocortex. Genes involved in cell adhesion and axon guidance are particularly prominent amongst the down-regulated transcripts. Resting-state functional MRI identified increased synchronised activity in cortico-hippocampal and auditory-parietal networks in Chd8 heterozygous mutant mice, implicating altered connectivity as a potential mechanism underlying the behavioural phenotypes. Together, these data suggest that altered brain growth and diminished expression of important neurodevelopmental genes that regulate long-range brain wiring result in distinctive anomalies in functional brain connectivity in Chd8+/- mice. Human imaging studies have consistently found evidence for changes in functional connectivity in ASD cohorts, most commonly long-range under-connectivity. Our data suggest that CHD8 haploinsufficiency represents a specific subtype of ASD where neuropsychiatric symptoms are underpinned by long-range over-connectivity.
Special Lagrangian submanifolds and non-perturbative Type IIA Superstring Theory

In this thesis membrane instantons in type IIA superstring theory, compactified on a Calabi-Yau manifold, are studied. These membrane instantons can be represented using special Lagrangian submanifolds, or SLags, of this Calabi-Yau manifold. A SLag represents the image, or target space, of a membrane instanton. SLags can also have some interesting geometric properties. The main purpose of the research I did, presented in this thesis, was to find the image of membrane instantons, in a few different cases. We will start with a detailed introduction of instantons in general. Instantons are important: determining instanton solutions of a model is needed for performing complete quantum corrections to the model. Then we will continue with a very detailed list of the needed mathematical definitions and relations, but also with some specific propositions, related to the later chapters. Then we will introduce type IIA superstring theory, D-branes, Euclidean D-Branes and membrane instantons, and we will give a first motivation for studying SLags. Then we will briefly introduce the quintic and the mirror quintic. After that we will first give a formal definition of SLags, in a mathematical sense. Then the first examples we start with are SLags embedded in tori of complex dimension 1, 2 and 3, thus in T , T 4 and T . We will formally introduce the Borcea-Voisin product of two Calabi-Yau manifolds and the SLags they contain. We will discuss SLags embedded in the Fermat quintic, in the Fermat cubic, in the Fermat quartic K3 surface, in the singular K3 surface and in the Borcea-Voisin product of the Fermat quartic K3 surface and a flat torus. The Fermat quintic and the Borcea-Voisin product of the quartic and the torus are Calabi-Yau manifolds of complex dimension three, so these are manifolds we can use to compactify type IIA superstring theory on, and the SLags these Calabi-Yau manifolds contain represent membrane instantons. The collection of SLags of real dimension 3, thus images of membrane instantons, I found can be regarded as the most important result of this thesis. They are presented in the chapter of conclusions.
Revised evaluations for ENDF/B-VI Revision 2

The purpose of this paper is to report on revised cross-section evaluations for 17 nuclides that have been prepared for ENDF/B-VI Revision 2. The nuclides considered include five fission products and various isotopes of cadmium and hafnium. The previous ENDF/B-VI evaluations for these 17 nuclides were carried over from ENDF/B-V and were completed in the 1974--1980 time period. By utilizing the experimental data that have become available since 1980 the revised evaluations will result in significant improvements in the evaluated nuclear data files. The primary emphasis was placed on the resolved and unresolved resonance regions, but new experimental data were also used to improve the cross sections for energies above the unresolved resonance region. Negative elastic scattering cross sections were encountered in some of the previous evaluations; since the revised evaluations use multilevel Breit-Wigner (MLBW) parameters, rather than single-level Breit-Wigner (SLBW), this problem is eliminated.
Accessing the Néel phase of ultracold fermionic atoms in a simple-cubic optical lattice

For a simple-cubic optical lattice with lattice spacing d, occupied by two species of fermionic atoms of mass m that interact repulsively, we ask what conditions maximize the Neel temperature in the Mott insulating phase at density one atom per site, with equal numbers of the two species. This maximum occurs near the edge of the regime where the system is well-approximated by the usual Hubbard model. The correction to the Hubbard-model approximation that produces a "direct" ferromagnetic interaction between atoms in nearest-neighbor Wannier orbitals is the leading term that limits how high the Neel temperature can be made.
Infrared behavior of Green's functions in Yang-Mills theory at finite temperatures

Green's functions for Yang-Mills theory at finite temperatures are calculated in the one-loop approximation in the region of small momenta. It is shown that the one-loop corrections to bare Green's functions are not small. This means that ordinary perturbation theory is not valid for small momenta (p< or approx. =g/sup 2/T). The simplest ways of summing the leading divergences in a modified perturbation theory do not solve the problem. The results show, as well, that two-loop calculations are impossible in the modified perturbation theory because of infrared divergences. The consistency of the results with the Slavnov-Taylor identities is discussed.
Hofer's metrics and boundary depth

We show that if (M,\omega) is a closed symplectic manifold which admits a nontrivial Hamiltonian vector field all of whose contractible closed orbits are constant, then Hofer's metric on the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of (M,\omega) has infinite diameter, and indeed admits infinite-dimensional quasi-isometrically embedded normed vector spaces. A similar conclusion applies to Hofer's metric on various spaces of Lagrangian submanifolds, including those Hamiltonian-isotopic to the diagonal in M x M when M satisfies the above dynamical condition. To prove this, we use the properties of a Floer-theoretic quantity called the boundary depth, which measures the nontriviality of the boundary operator on the Floer complex in a way that encodes robust symplectic-topological information.
ESTIMATION OF SEMIPARAMETRIC REGRESSION CURVE WITH MIXED ESTIMATOR OF MULTIVARIABLE LINEAR TRUNCATED SPLINE AND MULTIVARIABLE KERNEL

The response variable of the regression analysis has a linear relationship with one of the variable predictors, however the unknown relationship pattern with the other predictor variables. Consequently, it can be approached by using semiparametric regression model. The predictor variable that has a linear relationship with the response variable can be approached by using linear parametric curve called parametric component. Meanwhile, the unknown relationship between the response variable with another predictor variable can be approached by using nonparametric curve called nonparametric component. If the predictor variable in nonparametric component is more than one, then it can be approached by using a different nonparametric curve named combined or mixed estimator. In this research, nonparametric component is approached using mixed estimator of multivariable linear truncated spline and multivariable kernel. The objective of this research is to estimate the model of semiparametric regression curve with mixed estimator of multivariable truncated spline and multivariable kernel. Estimation of this mixed model using ordinary least square method.
ESTIMATION OF IBNR AND RBNS RESERVES USING RDC METHOD AND GAMMA GENERALIZED LINEAR MODEL

Estimation of claims reserves is a very important role for insurance companies because the information will be used to assess the insurance company’s ability to meet future claim payment obligations. In practice, claims reserves are divided into two Incurred but Not Reported (IBNR) and Reported but Not Settled (RBNS). Reserving by Detailed Conditioning (RDC) is one of the individual methods that can estimate claims reserves of both the IBNR and RBNS, which involves detailed condition so-called claim characteristics, and some information else so-called background variable. The result of estimating claims reserves using RDC with background variable is not stable because many combinate of calculation from each background variable. The purpose of this study is to overcome these problems, which we can combine RDC and Gamma Generalized Linear Model (GLM) as an effective method for estimating claims reserves. By using Bootstrapping Individual Claims Histories (BICH) method, the results show that estimation of claims reserves using RDC and Gamma GLM gives the fewest value of Mean Square Error of Prediction (MSEP) rather than RDC with Poisson GLM, RDC, and Chain Ladder. Where the smaller the value of the resulting MSEP estimate, the closer to the actual claim reserve value.