Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Full-field TN-LCSLM phase modulation characterization using digital holography

A simple, full-field method to characterize phase modulation property of translucent twisted nematic spatial light modulator (TN-LCSLM) is presented using Digital Holography (DH). Generally, amplitude and phase modulation is coupled due to simultaneous distortion in twist alignment and tilt order with applied field. The change in birefringence of liquid crystal material with respect to input grey scale produces phase modulation of wavefront transmitted through TNLCSLM. Most existing techniques for phase modulation characterization of LCSLM are complex requiring lengthy calculations and measure a very small region of total active region of SLM. In this paper, a transmission Digital Holographic system is used to extract phase information from the digitally recorded and numerically reconstructed wavefront. The advantage of phase modulation characterization using DH is that the phase value from larger area inside the active region of TN-LCSLM can be visualized and quantified in real time.
Analysis of pharmacognostical standardization, antioxidant capacity and separation of phytocompounds from five different vegetable peels using different solvents

Vegetables are one of the most preferred food commodities and can be consumed either raw or as processed due to their health-promoting nutrients. In the present work, analysis of pharmacognostical standards, antioxidant capacity, and separation of phytocompounds through thin layer chromatography (TLC) from cabbage, cauliflower, pea, carrot, and potato peels were carried out. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of wood fibers, trichomes, crystals, and annular xylem vessels in the vegetable peels. Physicochemical analysis showed that all the vegetable peel samples which were analysed have low (7.08%-10%) moisture content. The total ash content of vegetable peels varied in cauliflower peels (1.95±0.58) to the peels of pea (19.86±1.9). The content of acid insoluble ash varied from 1.46±0.63 to 3.09±0.59 in cauliflower and pea. Potato peel has the lowest water-soluble ash content (1.16±1.90) as compared to other peels. The highest pH value was found in the peels of pea (7), while the lowest pH was found in the peels of cabbage (4). Among all extracts, the petroleum ether extract has shown the greatest yield (5.6±0.45). The fluorescence analysis showed various colours like green, brown, pale green, and yellow under different chemical treatments. Different types of pri-secondary metabolites were detected in small, moderate, and high amounts and notified to provide numerous health benefits to humans. In case of DPPH assay, aqueous extract of cauliflower has shown the low value of IC50 (24.82 µg/ml) in comparison to standard, suggested the higher antioxidant activity of the extract. Among all the extracts, aqueous and methanol extracts of cauliflower have shown the better reducing and total antioxidant activity in comparison to standard. TLC profiling of methanolic extract of cabbage and cauliflower peels revealed the presence of different compounds of varying Rf values. Above results indicate that the food waste consists of valuable components and may be utilized as noticeable and cheap source in pharmaceuticals for the treatment of several life-threatening diseases.
Women’s volleyball performance indicators according to age category and teams’ final position in international competitions

The aim was to determine which performance indicators show significant differences in connection with age category and team’s level in women's international volleyball. The competitions analyzed were Senior Volleyball Nations League (n= 130 games) and U20 (n= 64 games) and U18 (n= 63 games) World Championships held in 2019. The results obtained in this study showed that inthe U18 category there were more errorsper set(U18 8.33vs. Senior 5.25 vs. U20 6.00errorspoints, p<.001) and greater serve effectiveness (U18 9.00% vs. Senior 6.00%vs. U20 7.00%, p<.001). In U20 there was a huge leap in quality with maximum values in block performance (U20 25.00%vs. Senior 15.00% vs. U18 15.00%, p<.001) and an increase in attack variables (U20 39.00%vs U18 33.00%, p<.001) accompanied by a decrease in errorspoints per set(U20 6.00vs U18 8.33errors points, p<.001) and serve effectiveness (U20 7.00%vs U18 9.00%, p<.001). In the Seniors category, there was a decrease in block effectiveness (Senior 15.00%vs U20 25.00%, p<.001) and an increase in attackspoints per set (Senior 13.30vs U20 12.00 vs U18 9.70points, p<.001). In the comparison between levels, more differences were detected when teams were further apart in the ranking, and attack and block effectiveness were the most relevant indicatorsin thethree-agecategory. Based on the findings of this study, we can determine performance indicators for each age category and level, allowing coaches and technical staff to establish new training strategies for their team’s improvement and success.
Constant mean curvature spheres in ${\rm Sol}_3$

Based on work of Daniel and Mira, we prove that for each $H0$, there exists a unique (up to ambient isometry) immersed constant mean curvature $H$ sphere $S_H$ in ${\rm Sol}_3$, where ${\rm Sol}_3$ is the non-abelian solvable 3-dimensional Lie group equipped with its usual left-invariant metric that makes it into a model space for one of the eight Thurston geometries; see Bonahon or Scott for a discussion of the Thurston geometries that can occur for compact 3-manifolds. Since this proof also demonstrates that $S_H$ has index one, the results in~Daniel-Mira imply $S_H$ is embedded and the left-invariant Gauss map of $S_H$ is a diffeomorphism. One key new result that we prove in order to obtain these results for constant mean curvature spheres is the existence of height estimates for certain constant mean curvature $H$ graphs in ${\rm Sol}_3$, which depend only on any fixed positive lower bound for $H$. By the work in~Daniel-Mira, the existence of the spheres $S_H$ for all $H0$ implies the existence for all $H\geq 0$ of a complex (holomorphic only when $H=0$) quadratic differential $Q_H$ defined on all constant mean curvature $H$ surfaces $M$ in ${\rm Sol}_3$ and which, for $H0$, vanishes on an open set of $M$ if and only if $M$ is contained in some left translation of $S_H$; furthermore, when $Q_H$ is not identically zero on $M$, it has isolated zeros on $M$ and negative index at these zeros.
Molecular orientation control for thermal and UV-driven polymer MEMS actuators

We present polymeric MEMS materials which reversibly respond to either thermal or UV stimuli by moving between nearly flat (r ~ infinity) and tightly curled states (r ~ 5mm) with variations in the radiation environment or temperature. The molecular orientation gradient of a liquid crystal network controls the primary bending axes, while controlled order parameter variations are responsible for the degree of deformation. In the case of thermal activation, these order changes are dominated by thermal motion, while UV-switchable defects bring about reduced network order in the case of UV actuation. We report fabrication and operation of the actuators and supplementary data regarding alignment configurations for controllable deformations, the phase behaviour of the liquid crystal constituents, thermal expansions, and absorption of the UV dyes are included. We find that splayed molecular configurations are preferred over twisted modes due to their single deformation axis, and that the optimum concentration of active molecules for UV-driven actuation is on the order of 7-8wt. %.
Steps towards an elementary proof of frobenius' theorem

So far there has been elementary proof for Frobenius's theorem only in special cases: if the complement is solvable, see e.g. [3], if the complement is of even order, see e.g. [6]. In the first section we consider the case, when the order of the complement is odd. We define a graph the vertices of which are the set K# of elements of our Frobenius group with 0 fixed points. Two vertices are connected with an edge if and only if the corresponding elements commute. We prove with elementary methods that K is a normal subgroup in G if and only if there exists an element x in K# such that all elements of K# belonging to the connected component C of K# containing x are at most distance 2 from c and NG(C) is not a -group, where is the set of prime divisors of the Frobenius complement of G. In the second section we generalize the case when the order of the complement is even, proving that the Frobenius kernel is a normal subgroup, if a fixed element a of the complement, the order of which is a minimal prime diviso.
PEX13 prevents pexophagy by regulating ubiquitinated PEX5 and peroxisomal ROS

ABSTRACT Peroxisomes are rapidly degraded during amino acid and oxygen deprivation by a type of selective autophagy called pexophagy. However, how damaged peroxisomes are detected and removed from the cell is poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the peroxisomal matrix protein import machinery may serve double duty as a quality control machinery, where they are directly involved in activating pexophagy. Here, we explored whether any matrix import factors are required to prevent pexophagy, such that their loss designates peroxisomes for degradation. Using gene editing and quantitative fluorescence microscopy on culture cells and a zebrafish model system, we found that PEX13, a component of the peroxisomal matrix import system, is required to prevent the degradation of otherwise healthy peroxisomes. The loss of PEX13 caused an accumulation of ubiquitinated PEX5 on peroxisomes and an increase in peroxisome-dependent reactive oxygen species that coalesce to induce pexophagy. We also found that PEX13 protein level is downregulated to aid in the induction of pexophagy during amino acid starvation. Together, our study points to PEX13 as a novel pexophagy regulator that is modulated to maintain peroxisome homeostasis. Abbreviations: AAA ATPases: ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities; ABCD3: ATP binding cassette subfamily D member; 3ACOX1: acyl-CoA oxidase; 1ACTA1: actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle; ACTB: actin beta; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATG12: autophagy related 12; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; CAT: catalase; CQ: chloroquine; Dpf: days post fertilization: FBS: fetal bovine serum; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HA – human influenza hemagglutinin; HBSS: Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution; HCQ; hydroxychloroquine; KANL: lysine alanine asparagine leucine; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; MTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 2; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; MZ: maternal and zygotic; NAC: N-acetyl cysteine; NBR1 – NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; PBD: peroxisome biogenesis disorder; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PEX: peroxisomal biogenesis factor; PTS1: peroxisome targeting sequence 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; ROS: reactive oxygen speciess; iRNA: short interfering RNA; SKL: serine lysine leucine; SLC25A17/PMP34: solute carrier family 25 member 17; Ub: ubiquitin; USP30: ubiquitin specific peptidase 30.
Inclusion of 4-1BB Costimulation Enhances Selectivity and Functionality of IL13Rα2-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful strategy for cancer therapy; however, an important safety consideration is the potential for off-tumor recognition of normal tissue. This is particularly important as ligand-based CARs are optimized for clinical translation. Our group has developed and clinically translated an IL13(E12Y) ligand–based CAR targeting the cancer antigen IL13Rα2 for treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). There remains limited understanding of how IL13-ligand CAR design impacts the activity and selectivity for the intended tumor-associated target IL13Rα2 versus the more ubiquitous unintended target IL13Rα1. In this study, we functionally compared IL13(E12Y)-CARs incorporating different intracellular signaling domains, including first-generation CD3ζ-containing CARs (IL13ζ), second-generation 4-1BB (CD137)–containing or CD28-containing CARs (IL13-BBζ or IL13-28ζ), and third-generation CARs containing both 4-1BB and CD28 (IL13-28BBζ). In vitro coculture assays at high tumor burden establish that second-generation IL13-BBζ or IL13-28ζ outperform first-generation IL13ζ and third-generation IL13-28BBζ CAR designs, with IL13-BBζ providing superior CAR proliferation and in vivo antitumor potency in human xenograft mouse models. IL13-28ζ displayed a lower threshold for antigen recognition, resulting in higher off-target IL13Rα1 reactivity both in vitro and in vivo. Syngeneic mouse models of GBM also demonstrate safety and antitumor potency of murine IL13-BBζ CAR T cells delivered systemically after lymphodepletion. These findings support the use of IL13-BBζ CARs for greater selective recognition of IL13Rα2 over IL13Rα1, higher proliferative potential, and superior antitumor responsiveness. This study exemplifies the potential of modulating factors outside the antigen targeting domain of a CAR to improve selective tumor recognition. Significance: This study reveals how modulating CAR design outside the antigen targeting domain improves selective tumor recognition. Specifically, this work shows improved specificity, persistence, and efficacy of 4-1BB–based IL13-ligand CARs. Human clinical trials evaluating IL13-41BB-CAR T cells are ongoing, supporting the clinical significance of these findings.
Evaluation of bio-active constituents and In vitro antioxidant potentials of the ethanolic leaf extracts of Dracaena mannii, Euphorbia hirta and Senna alata

The current study investigated the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of the ethanolic leaf extracts of Dracaena mannii, Euphorbita hirta and Senna alata. The phytochemical analyses of the leaf extracts showed varying amounts of important compounds such as tannins, phenols, alkaloids, flavoniods, protein and carbohydrates. Findings from the in-vitro free radical mopping abilities of the ethanolic leaf extracts against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl and nitric oxide radical (NO•) as well as the reducing power and total antioxidant capacities revealed abilities to quell oxidative stress with S. alata > E. hirta > D. mannii excluding the NO• radical inhibition activity. This relationship was also reflected in the IC50/EC50 values obtained, suggesting that the S. alata ethanolic leaf extract has the best antioxidant potential while E. hirta showed better activities than D. mannii. Thus, the leaves of S. alata could be further investigated for other biological potentials and possibly employed in the application of leaves against diseases that are implicated by oxidative stress.
Influence of the Annual Cycle in Meridional Transport on the Quasi-biennial Oscillation in Total Ozone

Abstract The equatorial stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in zonal wind and temperature is observed to be symmetric about the equator. The QBO in column ozone, although it is believed to be caused primarily by vertical displacements due to the meridional circulation associated with the equatorial temperature QBO, is asymmetric with respect to the equator, and is strongly linked to the phase of the annual cycle. In this note a simple one-layer model is used to demonstrate that the gross features of the observed QBO in total ozone can be attributed to meridional advection of the ozone perturbation by the annually reversing mean meridional Hadley circulation. This advection causes a displacement of the equatorial ozone anomaly towards the winter hemisphere, and thus products an asymmetry with respect to the equator. It also modulates the amplitude of the ozone QBO, since the phase of the equatorial wind QBO with respect to the annual cycle may produce either constructive or destructive interfere.
Exposure of Immunogenic Tumor Antigens in Surrendered Immunity and the Significance of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination in Precision Medicine

The mechanisms by which immune systems identify and destroy tumors, known as immunosurveillance, have been discussed for decades. However, several factors that lead to tumor persistence and escape from the attack of immune cells in a normal immune system have been found. In the process known as immunoediting, tumors decrease their immunogenicity and evade immunosurveillance. Furthermore, tumors exploit factors such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, and inhibitory cytokines that avoid cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognition. Current immunotherapies targeting tumors and their surroundings have been proposed. One such immunotherapy is autologous cancer vaccines (ACVs), which are characterized by enriched tumor antigens that can escalate specific CTL responses. Unfortunately, ACVs usually fail to activate desirable therapeutic effects, and the low immunogenicity of ACVs still needs to be elucidated. This difficulty highlights the significance of immunogenic antigens in antitumor therapies. Previous studies have shown that defective host immunity triggers tumor development by reprogramming tumor antigenic expressions. This phenomenon sheds new light on ACVs and provides a potential cue to improve the effectiveness of ACVs. Furthermore, synergistically with the ACV treatment, combinational therapy, which can reverse the suppressive tumor microenvironments, has also been widely proposed. Thus, in this review, we focus on tumor immunogenicity sculpted by the immune systems and discuss the significance and application of restructuring tumor antigens in precision medicine.
Anti-Microbial Activity of Aliphatic Alcohols from Chinese Black Cardamom (Amomum tsao-ko) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv

The fruits of Amomun tsao-ko (Chinese black cardamom; Zingiberaceae) contain an abundance of essential oils, which have previously demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. In our preliminary search for natural anti-tuberculosis agents, an acetone extract of A. tsao-ko (AAE) exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the principal compounds in an AAE against M. tuberculosis. Nine aliphatic compounds (1–9) including a new compound (1, tsaokol B) and a new natural unsaturated aliphatic diester (6), together with three acyclic terpenoids (10–12), were isolated from an AAE by repetitive chromatography. The structures of the isolates were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. All isolates were evaluated for activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Isolated compounds 1–6, and 11 had MICs ranging from 0.6–89 µg/mL. In contrast, compounds 7 to 10, and 12 had MICs that were >100 µg/mL. Tsaokol A (3) was the most active compound with MICs of 0.6 µg/mL and 1.4 µg/mL, respectively, against replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis. These results are the first to illustrate the potency of tsaokol A (3) as a natural drug candidate with good selectivity for treating tuberculosis.
EXPLORING CLOUD COMPUTING PREVALENCE FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN ONLINE PUBLICATION PLATFORMS

The use of Online Publication Platforms (OPPs) by individuals and organizations has overtaken reliance on print media. The paper investigated the prevalent cloud computing themes towards competitive advantage. A cross-sectional study using a content analysis approach was followed with data collected from selected OPPs between the years 2015 and 2020. Seven hundred and ninety-three OPPs articles were purposefully selected, then thematically analysed. OPPs used for establishing prevalence and current issues pertaining to disruptive technologies. Six prevalent cloud computing themes are proposed that can be used as guidelines were uncovered and conceptualized for practitioners and the research community.
Prevalence of Common Alleles of Some Stress Resilience Genes among Adolescents Born in Different Periods Relative to the Socioeconomic Crisis of the 1990s in Russia

Social stress is common among people and is considered one of the causes of the declining birth rate. Predisposition to stress and stress-induced disorders is largely determined genetically. We hypothesized that due to differences in stress resistance, carriers of different genetic variants of genes associated with stress resilience and stress-induced diseases may have dissimilar numbers of offspring under conditions of long-term social stress. To test this hypothesis, a comparative analysis of frequencies of seven common polymorphic regions [exon 3 variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) of the DRD4 gene, rs4680 of COMT, STin2 VNTR and the 5-HTTLPR (rs774676466) insertion/deletion polymorphism of SLC6A4, rs4570625 of TPH2, rs6265 of BDNF, and rs258747 of NR3C1] was performed on standardized groups of randomly selected adolescents born before, during, and after severe socioeconomic deprivation (the crisis of the 1990s in Russia). There were significant differences in frequencies of “long” alleles of the DRD4 gene (p = 0.020, χ2 = 5.492) and rs4680 (p = 0.022, χ2 = 5.289) in the “crisis” group as compared to the combined “noncrisis” population. It is possible that the dopaminergic system had an impact on the successful adaptation of a person to social stress.
Factors important for bull purchasing decisions and management in extensive rangeland production systems of New Mexico: a producer survey

Abstract There were 463,000 head of beef cows in New Mexico as of January 1, 2021 (NASS, 2020), down roughly 4% from 2020 (NASS, 2019). Frequent drought often results in herd reduction and loss of valuable genetic progress. Bull selection is critical due to their influence on herd development. A survey was conducted to identify traits important to bull selection in New Mexico. Surveys were collected digitally (n = 83) and via the mail (n = 74). Responses were largely by cow/calf producers averaging 57 ± 1 years old with 24 ± 1 years’ experience. Survey respondents represented 4,384,296 acres of private owned, private leased, and leased public rangeland and irrigated pasture meadow in New Mexico and surrounding states. Average cow/calf operation size was 294 ± 39 head and average bull herd size was 21 ± 3 head. Average price paid for a bull in the past 2 years was $3,981 ± 213. Physical characteristics, individual bull performance information, and genetic information are all important traits to New Mexico bull buyers; however, most producers (56%) indicated that structural soundness was the most important factor influencing their selection decisions. Amongst expected progeny differences (EPDs), New Mexico producers consider the calving ease direct (CED) and birth weight (BW) EPDS to be most important (40% and 35%, respectively). Producers also indicated that multitrait selection indexes used by the American Angus Association were important to their selection decisions, with the beef value ($B) and weaned calf value ($W) indexes being cited most often (35% and 31%, respectively). Elements important to bull purchase include the bull’s sale preview (87%), body condition score (86%), feed efficiency/average daily gain information (85%), and actual scrotal circumference (82%). Following purchase of a new bull, most (60%) keep the bull separate from the cow herd until the following breeding season, while the remaining 40% of producers turn newly purchased bulls out within 30 days of purchase. Sixty eight percent of producers evaluate semen quality annually or prior to the start of the breeding season. Interestingly, 39% of producers indicated they used reproductive technologies like artificial insemination and synchronization of estrus while most (80%) test for trichomoniasis. The primary factor influencing culling decisions is age, followed by soundness and fertility.