Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microorganisms As Indoor And Outdoor Air Biological Pollution

Abstract Air pollution is a major threat to human health. Biological air pollution is predominantly caused by the pollen of plants, fungi, bacteria and viruses. The main sources of microorganisms in the air include soil, water and the decomposition of organic matter, while anthropogenic sources are represented by landfills, wastewater treatment plants, composting facilities and traffic. Microorganism populations in the air can be seasonal or relatively constant, but the most frequent increase in their occurrence is recorded in the summer and autumn. Studies show that humidity, the presence of carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations are the main factors affecting the diversity of bacteria and the percentage of pathogenic bacteria present in outdoor air. Microorganisms in the air inside residential buildings are primarily concentrated on dust particles. Approximately 60% of dust microbiota are spores of mould fungi. The key emitters of microorganisms into the atmosphere are municipal wastewater treatment plants. The bacteria and pathogens released are potentially resistant to antibiotics, rendering the bioaerosols of wastewater treatment plants a possible hazard to human health. There is a need for further research aimed at explaining the magnitude of impacts of air microorganisms on human health. 1. Introduction. 2. Sources, transport and factors affecting the presence of microorganisms in the outdoor air. 3. Microorganisms in the air inside residential buildings. 4. Microorganisms in indoor air in offices and public spaces. 5. Microorganisms in the air of industrial facilities. 6. Bioaerosols within sewage treatment plants. 7. Air microorganisms as an important factor influencing human health. 8. Conclusions
Roles of thermodynamic state and molecular mobility in biopreservation

Mehmet Toner Center for Engineering in Medicine/Surgical Services Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Shriners Hospital for Children 41.1 Water–Solute Interactions and Intracellular Transport . 41-3 Intracellular Water and Molecular Mobility • Transmembrane Water Transport Effects 41.2 Molecular Mobility in Preservation . 41-6 Molecular Mobility in Supercooling and Phase Change • Cryopreservation • Vitrification • Vitrification by Ultrafast Cooling • Vitrification by Desiccation • Lyophilization 41.3 Storage . 41-14 41.4 Summary . 41-15 Acknowledgments. 41-16 References . 41-16
Complexation of Aqueous Elements by DOC in a Clay Aquitard

The extent of partitioning of several elements (Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Sr, U, and Zn) on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in pore water samples collected from a clay‐rich aquitard. High DOC concentrations in the aquitard, ranging from 21 to 143 mg C/L, and natural aqueous metal concentrations higher than in most ground water environments facilitated complexation studies at this site. Analyses were conducted using on‐line coupling of asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation with ultraviolet, total organic carbon, and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry detectors. Of the elements investigated, only U and Zn were complexed with all DOC samples, ranging from 2.2 to 60 μg U/g DOC (0.4% to 3% of the total U in the pore water) and 0.04 to 0.5 μg Zn/g DOC (0.1% to 0.9% of the total Zn in the pore water), respectively. Laboratory experiments conducted over a range in pH (1.3 to 9.7) and geochemical modeling supported the measured complexation of U and Zn on the DOC. The in situ association constant, Kd, for U decreased with depth from 76 mL/g C for pore water samples at 2.2 m below ground (BG) to 24 mL/g C at 9.7 m BG. The decrease was attributed to a decrease in aromaticity of the DOC with depth. Zn Kdconstants ranged from 2 to 12 mL/g C and exhibited no trend with depth. Results of the current study suggest minor masses of U and Zn (less than or equal to 4% of total) complex with this DOC under in situ pH conditions. Our data suggest that competitive complexation by other ligands may limit the importance of DOC‐facilitated transport of the elements studied in water of similar chemical composition.
Elevation of B-type natriuretic peptide is a sensitive marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with maintenance haemodialysis

Objective: To determine the clinical value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in diagnosing left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) associated with maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) population. Methods: Plasma BNP was determined in 59 MHD patients with normal ejection fraction. The ratio of early to late annular velocity (E’/A’) was determined by tissue Doppler imaging as a parameter of diastolic function. Results: LVDD occurred in 66% of the patients. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analyses identified a cut-off of 353.6 pg ml−1 as the one with the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting LVDD. Conclusions: Plasma BNP may serve as a potential biomarker in diagnosing LVDD in MHD patients with normal systolic function.
"The Missionary Life. Saints and the Evangelisation of Europe 400-1050", Ian Wood, Longman 2001 : [recenzja] / G. R.

I. INTRODUCTORY. 1. The Chritianization of Europe, 400 - 1000. 2. From Patrick to Bede. II. THE ANGLO-SAXONS AND THEIR LEGACY. 3. Boniface, Mainz and Fulda. 4. Alcunin and Echternach. 5. Utrecht and Munster. 6. Hamburg and Bremen. III. BAVARIANS, SLAVS AND SAXONS. 7. Salzburg and Freising in the Eight Century. 8. Ninth-Century Salzburg. 9. The Latin Legends of Wenceslas. 10. Adalbert of Prague. 11. Bruno of Querfurt. IV. CONCLUSION. The Missionary, The 'Familiar' and the 'Other'.
Management of Acute Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome: A Narrative Review

Study Design: Narrative review. Objectives: To provide an updated overview of the management of acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS). Methods: A comprehensive narrative review of the literature was done to identify evidence-based treatment strategies for patients diagnosed with ATCCS. Results: ATCCS is the most commonly encountered subtype of incomplete spinal cord injury and is characterized by worse sensory and motor function in the upper extremities compared with the lower extremities. It is most commonly seen in the setting of trauma such as motor vehicles or falls in elderly patients. The operative management of this injury has been historically variable as it can be seen in the setting of mechanical instability or preexisting cervical stenosis alone. While each patient should be evaluated on an individual basis, based on the current literature, the authors’ preferred treatment is to perform early decompression and stabilization in patients that have any instability or significant neurologic deficit. Surgical intervention, in the appropriate patient, is associated with an earlier improvement in neurologic status, shorter hospital stay, and shorter intensive care unit stay. Conclusions: While there is limited evidence regarding management of ATCCS, in the presence of mechanical instability or ongoing cord compression, surgical management is the treatment of choice. Further research needs to be conducted regarding treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
Glycosylation in the nucleus and cytoplasm.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 841 BINDING STUDIES USING LECTINS . ". 843 Lectin Binding Sites in the Nucleus"""""""""" . """ . " . " . " . """" . 843 Lectin Binding Sites in the Cytoplasm 848 BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES . 849 General Compositional Analyses and Metabolic Labeling Studies . """"". 849 High Mobility Group Glycoproteins"""""""""""" . """""""""" . 851 Proteoglycans and Glycosaminoglycans 851 Glycogenin . 857 Viruses. 857 O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine-Bearing Glycoproteins 858 NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC SACCHARIDE-BINDING PROTEINS""""""" 863 Endogenous Lectins . 863 Glycosidases . 866 Glycosyltransferases . 867 FUTURE DIRECTIONS . 868
MARK-UP PRICING. MARKET STRUCTURE AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE

Estimating mark-ups: methodology a n d measu remen t i ssues . 73 T h e methodology . 73 Interpretation a n d possible est imation b i a ses . 76 Data a n d measu remen t i ssues . 76
Nutrition knowledge level of nurses

Background: Concern is growing about the malnutrition, nutrition therapy and its complications. Reduced involvement of nurses in patients’ nutritional care may be one of the contributing factors. The most common cause for insufficient nutritional practice is lack of nutritional knowledge. The purpose of the study was to determine knowledge-based nutrition competencies of nurses. Method and Material: A sample of 302 nurses from different hospitals in Zonguldak in Turkey and who were selected randomly completed a questionnaire. Results: The mean clinical nutrition knowledge of all participants was obtained as 49.44±10.95 over 100 points. Nurses who conducted nutritional assessment activities had a statistically significant higher knowledge scores compared to the those who did not (p=0.012). Conclusions: The nurse education institutions should review their curriculum regarding the education about clinical nutrition and a systematic continuing nutrition education program should be arranged.
Molecular characterization of arabica and Conilon coffee plants genotypes by SSR and ISSR markers

The molecular characterization of ten genotypes of the Coffea arabica plants and of seven genotypes of C. canephora having interesting features for coffee breeding programs was carried to select the parents for breeding. A total of 40 SSR and 29 ISSR primers were used. The primers generated a total of 331 (307 polymorphic and 24 monomorphic) bands. Analysis of genetic diversity presented dissimilarity intervals ranging from 0.22 to 0.44 between the Conilon genotypes, from 0.02 to 0.28 between the Arabica genotypes, and from 0.49 to 0.60 between the genotypes of the two species in the joint analysis. Four groups were formed: I = genotypes of C. arabica, II = four progenies of C. canephora, Conilon group, and one non defined C. canephora (Conilon or Robusta), III = one progeny of un-defined C. canephora (Conilon or Robusta) and IV = one progeny of C. canephora of Robusta group. The grouping formed was consistent with the origins of each group. High stabilities of the bifurcations were found by bootstrap analysis. The use of molecular markers of the SSR and ISSR types in the diversity study was efficient in distinguishing genotypes between and within C. arabica and C. canephora.
Evaluation of the Impact of the EU Structural Support on the Competitiveness of Lithuanian Economics

Abstract The topic of competitiveness is becoming increasingly significant in the context of modern economics. Considering intensive processes of globalisation alongside with competitive pressure amongst the countries, competitiveness has become a necessary condition for successful economic and social development of any country. Only by creating, enforcing and maintaining international competitiveness of the country, rapid economic growth during the long term is achievable. Amongst the other urgent issues, the European Union (further the EU) public policies are also focused on competitiveness. After the failure to implement the Lisbon strategy and become “the most dynamic and competitive knowledge-based economy”, the EU declared its new competitiveness aims in the long-term strategy Europe 2020. Promotion of competitiveness is one of the fundamental aims and priority directions of the EU structural policy. The EU structural support is engaged as one of the public policy measures to promote the competitiveness of the member-states. In this context, it is purposeful to research whether the structural support is used efficiently and whether it actually contributes to the implementation of the defined aims. Under the order of various Lithuanian institutions, numerous studies on the efficiency of the EU structural support have been carried out. Nevertheless, by analysing the impact of the EU structural support, insufficient attention has been paid to the aspect of competitiveness. Considering the fact that Lithuania has entered the third programming period 2014-2020, evaluation of the EU structural investment in the country has become even more topical - for successful implementation of the aims raised for this new period, the analysis of the previous results is relevant. This determined formulation of the research problem: what impact does the EU structural support have on the competitiveness of Lithuanian economics? The empirical research has revealed that the EU structural support has a positive impact on Lithuanian gross domestic product growth, promotes foreign direct investment, research and development expenditure and increases the number of operating entities during 2004-2014 period.
Expert Evaluation of comMCT, a Communication Model for Multicultural Teams

Effective communication is a key factor for the success of teams. More recently, globalization and modern communication technologies have contributed to the prevalence of multicultural teams and fast communication paths, creating additional challenges for effective communication. To support multicultural communication, a web-based communication model for multicultural teams (comMCT) was previously developed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only communication model for MCTs that provides a web-based representation and includes modules addressing a wide spectrum of interpersonal, structural, functional, and organizational aspects of effective multicultural team communication. The objective of the current effort is to evaluate and enhance the model with the participation of subject matter expert end-users. In the study, an international sample of 15 project managers evaluated the comMCT model on 7 criteria: completeness, structure, language, redundancy, understandability, originality, and usefulness. On a scale of YES! ; Rather yes; Partly yes, partly no; Rather no, and NO! , the model was rated as good (corresponding to answer option ‘Rather yes’) or very good (corresponding to ‘YES! ’) on all criteria except for redundancy. In addition, participants’ free text comments provided suggestions for improving the model in terms of complexity, interactivity, and calibration. Overall, the comMCT model was considered helpful and useful for supporting intercultural, work-related communication. Yet, further research and incremental optimization are needed in this domain.
Kindness to the Final Host and Vice Versa: A Trend for Parasites Providing Easy Prey?

Traditionally the 'extended phenotype' concept refers to parasites that manipulate host phenotype to increase parasite fitness. This includes parasites who render intermediate hosts more susceptible to predation by final hosts. We explore here the proposition that an evolutionary driver in such cases is the energetic benefit to the final host, in addition to increased parasite fitness. We will review some well established host-manipulation models, where such a scenario seems likely. One example is provided by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, which conspicuously impairs predator avoidance in rodents. Pathologies in humans that acquire T. gondii are known, but infection in adult feline definitive hosts are most commonly asymptomatic and apparently innocuous. In another well documented case of parasite-mediated trophic transmission, trematode (Euhaplorchis californiensis) infected killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis) abandon normal caution and exhibit a range of behaviors which makes them more conspicuous to predatory birds. The birds get a free meal, but the presence of adult trematodes in the gut would seem to incur few if any negative consequences for the birds. There are exceptions to this pattern also among cases of parasite mediated trophic transmission, but major pathology in definitive hosts seems for the most part restricted to cases where manipulated intermediate hosts are of minor energetic importance. Current theories for the evolution of reduced pathogenicity in predatory final hots primarily focus on parasites minimizing pathogenicity to increase their own reproductive output and/or avoid selection on host preference for non-infected prey types. Here we advocate another alternative: If or when the benefit of increased prey acquisition outweighs pathogenicity or resource drain, there should be little or no selection on final hosts to minimize parasite infections. This mean that not only will host avoidance of infection not develop, but the molecular arms race for increased immunological defense will also likely be halted in such cases.
ARE PROPONENTS OF WATER FLUORIDATION SUPPRESSING SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE AND DEBATE

Fluoridation involves increasing the generally low natural levels of fluo- ride in drinking water, by a factor of 5 to 10, to about 1 part per million (ppm), in order to try and reduce tooth decay in children's teeth. Before 1950, fluoride was generally considered to be a toxic environmental pollut- ant, and fluoride levels of 1 ppm or more were considered to be sufficient reason for rejection of a water supply in the USA. Dental and skeletal fluo- rosis (both discussed below) were already known to be among the ill-effects of ingestion and inhalation of fluoride. Fluoridation was first introduced as a public health measure in the USA in the 1950s, after cross-sectional studies of naturally fluoridated regions of that country suggested that levels of tooth decay declined as the fluoride concentration in drinking water increased. An intense lobbying campaign was organised by a group of dentists and dental officials. Several 'controlled fluoridation trials' were conducted in the USA and Canada and, even before they were complete, the US Public Health Service reversed its previous cau- tious stance and endorsed fluoridation. Then, in Australia, the National Health & Medical Research Council, Australian Dental Association and Australian Medical Association all endorsed fluoridation in the 1950s, de- spite considerable opposition from doctors in the letters columns of the Medical Journal of Australia. At that time there was almost no knowledge of the mechanisms of action of fluoride in the human body. The promoters of fluoridation, rewriting existing scientific knowledge, claimed that there were no adverse effects, apart from a slight increase in the prevalence of dental fluorosis (fluoride-induced mottling of teeth). In 1960, a book published by Dr Philip R.N. Sutton, a dental researcher at the University of Melbourne, showed that the early North American fluori- dation trials were riddled with fundamental errors of experimental design and were therefore unreliable. More recently, Dr John Colquhoun, former head of the New Zealand Fluoridation Promotion Committee, called into question the early research of naturally fluoridated communities of the USA, by showing that the key published paper derived its results by selecting a few communities from hundreds actually studied. However, by then fluori-
Families of loblolly pine that are the most stable for resistance to fusiform rust are the least predictable

In an extensive series of trials with open-pollinated families of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.), resistance to fusiform rust disease (caused by Cronartium quercuum(Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme) at individual test sites was relatively unpredictable for the families deemed most resistant. The most resistant families were also the most sta - ble for performance across test sites, with stability defined as the slope of the regression of family means for rust in - fection versus site means for rust infection. A family's R-50 value (its predicted rust infection level when the site mean infection is 50%) was correlated to its stability parameter or slope ( r = 0.78). On average, any one family's level of in- fection (% galled) was reasonably predictable for any given infection level at a given site; the average coefficient of determination (r 2 ) was 0.78 for the regression of family means for rust infection versus site means for rust infection. However, the six most stable families for resistance had the lowest r 2 values (average r 2 = 0.58). We speculated that the lower predictability for the most resistant families was due to interactions of specific resistance genes in these fam- ilies and corresponding avirulence and (or) virulence levels in the pathogen populations that may differ among sites. Although the predictability of the individual resistant families was relatively low, if these families were bulked into a resistant seed lot, they performed in a more predictable manner with r 2 = 0.74 for the regression of the bulk mean ver- sus site means. Bulks of four to six highly resistant families appeared to be a good solution to obtain stable and pre- dictable performance across a range of sites.
Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Loaded Antibiotics Against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter spp.

Background: Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising efficacy for combating bacterial resistance due to their antibacterial properties. This research investigated the effect of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) on the antibacterial activity of conventional antibiotics including ciprofloxacin (CIP), cefotaxime (CTX), and colistin (CST) against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: The disc diffusion method was performed to detect the pattern of antibiotic resistance in isolates. The synthesized ZnO-NPs via the solvothermal method were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Finally, the broth microdilution technique was conducted to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of CIP, CTX, and CST antibiotics with and without a sub-inhibitory concentration of ZnO-NPs. Results: XRD, EDS, and FESEM results confirmed the crystalline structure of ZnO-NPs, and the average size was 100±58.68 nm. All isolates were discovered to be of multidrug-resistant (MDR) type and fully susceptible to CST. The antibacterial activity of CTX and CIP was restored when combined with a sub-inhibitory level of ZnO-NPs (0.25 mg/L), and the highest activity was obtained at the concentrations of 32 µg/mL CTX and 8 µg/ mL CIP. Eventually, ZnO-NPs showed a synergistic effect on the antibacterial properties of CST against MDR Acinetobacter. Conclusions: This research indicated that the combination of ZnO-NPs with some common antibiotics can be considered as a novel strategy for reducing the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.