Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Posture-Dependent Human 3He Lung Imaging in an Open Access MRI System: Initial Results

The human lung and its functions are extremely sensitive to orientation and posture, and debate continues as to the role of gravity and the surrounding anatomy in determining lung function and heterogeneity of perfusion and ventilation. However, study of these effects is difficult. The conventional high-field magnets used for most hyperpolarized 3He MRI of the human lung, and most other common radiological imaging modalities including PET and CT, restrict subjects to lying horizontally, minimizing most gravitational effects. In this paper, we briefly review the motivation for posture-dependent studies of human lung function, and present initial imaging results of human lungs in the supine and vertical body orientations using inhaled hyperpolarized 3He gas and an open-access MRI instrument. The open geometry of this MRI system features a "walk-in" capability that permits subjects to be imaged in vertical and horizontal positions, and potentially allows for complete rotation of the orientation of the imaging subject in a two-dimensional plane. Initial results include two-dimensional lung images acquired with ~ 4 mm in-plane resolution and three-dimensional images with ~ 1.5 cm slice thickness. Effects of posture variation are observed.
Health information behavior of 65 + : reaching older target groups

Background. The proportion of older adults among the population is constantly growing. At the same time, the risk of health problems increases with age. From a health promotion perspective, it is therefore important to reach this target group. The selection of media and communication channels should be based on media use and health information behavior of the target group. In this context, it may be necessary to segment the heterogeneous group of older adults into subgroups. Objectives. The article provides current empirical data on the health information behavior of older adults in general and in particular subgroups. On this basis, adequate communication channels can be selected to address these groups. Methods. First, 20 people participated in guided qualitative interviews. Second, a subsequent standardized telephone survey of 1001 randomly selected people aged 65 years and above was conducted. Results. Older adults can best be reached via interpersonal and traditional mass media sources. Health-relatedmedia such as pharmacy magazines also play an important role, especially for people with chronic diseases. Furthermore, health professionals are also an important source of information for older adults with chronic diseases and a negative attitude towards aging. On the internet, men and people with a higher income are more likely to be reached. Conclusions. Older adults in Germany are a heterogeneous target group. To reach them effectively, differences in the health information behavior of subtarget groups must be considered. Furthermore, the content and design of communication measures should also be evidence based.
Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation

This study investigates the genesis of tropical cyclones through a combination of the compositing approach and the case study approach. Twelve composite data sets are analyzed from the tropical Northwest Pacific and tropical Northwest Atlantic Oceans. Each data set is a composite average of approximately 80 individual disturbances. Four different types of non-developing oceanic tropical disturbances are composited. They are compared with pre-hurricane and pre-typhoon disturbances in each ocean composited at four different stages of intensification. In total 912 different tropical weather systems go into the composites and approximately 40,000 rawinsonde observations are used. The main findings from the analysis of the composite fields are: (i) pre-typhoon and pre-hurricane systems are located in large areas of high values of low level relative vorticity. The low level vorticity in the vicinity of a developing cloud cluster is approximately twice as large as that observed with non-developing cloud clusters. (ii) Mean divergence and vertical motion for the typical Western Atlantic weather system are well below the magnitudes found in pre-tropical storm sys~ tems. (iii) Once a system has sufficient divergence to maintain 100 mb or more per day upward vertical motion over a 40 radius area, there appears to be little relationship between the amount of upward vertical velocity and the potential of the system for development. (iv) Cyclone genesis takes place under conditions of zero vertical wind shear near the system center. (v) There is a requirement for large positiv~ zonal shear to the north and negative zonal shear close to the south of a developing system. There is also a requirement for southerly shear to the west and northerly shear to the east. The scale of this shear pattern is over a 10 latitude radius circle with maximum amplitude at approximately 6 radius. (vi) The large scale flow, therefore, rather than the properties of the system itself, appears to be the main differentiating factor for cyclone genesis. These six findings can be synthesized into one parameter for the potential of a system for development into a hurricane or typhoon: Genesis Potential (GP) = ~90Omb-~20Omb' when applied over 0-6 radius. GP is three times greater for developing tropical weather systems than for non-developing systems. 130 individual weather systems in the Pacific and Atlantic are examined and it is shown that the composite characteristics are always present in the individual situations. In the Atlantic, with the data presently available, it is found that the use of the shear or vorticity criterion would correctly predict the development of 13 out of 16 tropical cyclones. It provides correct predictions for 61 out of 63 nondeveloping tropical weather systems. Vertically integrated budgets of heat, momentum and kinetic energy are performed on the composite data sets and physical hypotheses are made on the mechanisms of tropical cyclone genesis and development.
Structure and Measurement of Depression in Youth: Applying Item Response Theory to Clinical Data

Goals of the paper were to use item response theory (IRT) to assess the relation of depressive symptoms to the underlying dimension of depression and to demonstrate how IRT-based measurement strategies can yield more reliable data about depression severity than conventional symptom counts. Participants were 3403 clinic and nonclinic children and adolescents from 12 contributing samples, all of whom received the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-aged children. Results revealed that some symptoms reflected higher levels of depression and were more discriminating than others. Results further demonstrated that utilization of IRT-based information about symptom severity and discriminability in the measurement of depression severity can reduce measurement error and increase measurement fidelity.
The large‐scale frozen‐in anticyclone in the 2011 Arctic summer stratosphere

The 2011 Arctic stratospheric final warming was characterized by a large‐scale frozen‐in anticyclone (FrIAC) that rapidly displaced the winter polar vortex, establishing unusually strong polar easterlies. A comprehensive overview of the 2011 FrIAC is provided using meteorological analyses, Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) N2O observations, and N2O simulations from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) 3‐D chemistry and transport model and the Van Leer Icosahedral Triangular Advection (VITA) 2‐D (latitude × longitude) isentropic transport model. A vortex edge diagnostic is used to determine the FrIAC boundary, allowing quantification of several FrIAC properties. The 2011 FrIAC originated over North Africa in late March and traveled eastward and poleward over 2 weeks, forming a strong anticyclone that extended from ~580–2100 K potential temperature (~25–50 km). Low potential vorticity (PV) was transported to the pole with the FrIAC in early April; during May, most of the PV signature decayed due to diabatic processes. A small remnant negative PV anomaly persisted near the pole until mid‐June. Tracer equivalent latitude was low initially and remained low throughout the summer. GMI, VITA, and MLS showed elevated N2O in the FrIAC, although the peak value was smaller in GMI due to a subtropical low bias. The high‐resolution (~20 km) VITA filamentary structure quantitatively matched most of the features observed by MLS when smoothed to match the MLS resolution. The high‐N2O anomaly persisted in the middle stratosphere over 4 months until late August, when it was destroyed by horizontal and vertical shearing, combined with photochemical processes.
Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions Using ADC on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging at 3.0 T

Aim: To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of apparent diffusion coefficient value (ADC) in differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions at 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with different pair of b value. Methods: Total 110 patients with 107 lesions (44 benign and 63 malignant) were selected for our study with five different b-values 0, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 s/mm2. ADC values were calculated using different pairs of b values. The cut-off ADC values and diagnostic efficiency were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Comparison of Mean ADC value for breast lesions was determined by using independent sample t test. ROC curves were used for diagnostic efficiency of ADC using different pairs of b values. Results: With increase of b value, mean ADC value decreases. The mean ADC values for benign were 1.73 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 400, 1.57 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 800, 1.43 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 1200 and 1.30 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 1600 s/mm2. The mean ADC values for the malignant breast lesion were 1.21 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 400, 1.06 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 800, 0.94 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 1200 and 0.86 × 10-3 mm2/s for b 0 and 1600 s/mm2. ADC diagnostic efficiency for benign and malignant lesion for all the pair of b value combination was significant (p > 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 80.95%, 90.9%, 92.72%, 76.92%, 85.04% for b 0 and 400; 84.12%, 90.9%, 92.98%, 80%, 86.91% for b 0 and 800; 84.12%, 90.9%, 92.98%, 80%, 86.91% for b 0 and 1200; 84.12%, 90.9%, 92.98%, 80%, 86.91% for b 0 and 1600 s/mm2 respectively. Conclusion: DWI is effective in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesion at 3.0 Tesla using ADC with higher b value combination.
A response-surface calibration model for rapid and versatile site-specific lime-requirement predictions in south-eastern Australia

The development of response-surface calibration models that may be used in conjunction with the lime requirement buffer methods is described. The buffer methods tested were the Woodruff, New Wooruff, Mehlich, and Shoemaker, McLean and Pratt lime-requirement buffers. Model predictions were compared with those obtained from multivariate models and buffer methods calibrated using conventional linear regressions. The multivariate models described lime requirement as a function of a number of soil variables. All of the models were validated against soil : CaCO 3 incubations using a statistical jackknifing procedure for error and bias estimations. The advantages of the derived response-surface models were their improved prediction accuracy and flexibility, with a choice of any target pH CaCl 2 value between 5.5 and 7 without need for individual calibrations. The response-surface model for the Woodruff buffer method produced the most accurate predictions of lime requirement. The uncertainty of its lime requirement predictions for acid soil in an agricultural field at Kelso, New South Wales, Australia, measured by 95% confidence intervals, was 0.22 Mg/ha. A spatial analysis of lime requirement for the field showed a range of 4–11 Mg/ha. This range provides a reason for site-specific lime applications. Under- and over-applications resulting from a ‘blanket’ 7.13 Mg/ha single-rate application of lime over the field were estimated to range from –4 to 2.9 Mg/ha.
Primary treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer: a comprehensive lifetime cost-utility analysis

• To characterize the costs and outcomes associated with radical prostatectomy (open, laparoscopic, or robot-assisted) and radiation therapy (dose-escalated 3-dimensional conformal radiation, intensity-modulated radiation, brachytherapy, or combination), using a comprehensive, lifetime decision analytic model. These extensive set of sensitivity analyses. payer treatment These findings inform future policy discussions regarding strategies to improve efficiency of treatment selection for localized prostate
A Novel Machine Learning Framework for Comparison of Viral COVID-19-Related Sina Weibo and Twitter Posts: Workflow Development and Content Analysis

BACKGROUND: Social media plays a critical role in health communications, especially during global health emergencies such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is a lack of a universal analytical framework to extract, quantify, and compare content features in public discourse of emerging health issues on different social media platforms across a broad sociocultural spectrum. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to develop a novel and universal content feature extraction and analytical framework and contrast how content features differ with sociocultural background in discussions of the emerging COVID-19 global health crisis on major social media platforms. METHODS: We sampled the 1000 most shared viral Twitter and Sina Weibo posts regarding COVID-19, developed a comprehensive coding scheme to identify 77 potential features across six major categories (eg, clinical and epidemiological, countermeasures, politics and policy, responses), quantified feature values (0 or 1, indicating whether or not the content feature is mentioned in the post) in each viral post across social media platforms, and performed subsequent comparative analyses. Machine learning dimension reduction and clustering analysis were then applied to harness the power of social media data and provide more unbiased characterization of web-based health communications. RESULTS: There were substantially different distributions, prevalence, and associations of content features in public discourse about the COVID-19 pandemic on the two social media platforms. Weibo users were more likely to focus on the disease itself and health aspects, while Twitter users engaged more about policy, politics, and other societal issues. CONCLUSIONS: We extracted a rich set of content features from social media data to accurately characterize public discourse related to COVID-19 in different sociocultural backgrounds. In addition, this universal framework can be adopted to analyze social media discussions of other emerging health issues beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
Rapid communications Outbreak of West Nile virus infection in humans , Romania , July to October 2010

A total of 57 cases of West Nile virus infection (54 with neuroinvasive infection and three with fever) were identified in Romania between July and October 2010. The median age of the cases was 53.4 years, with the highest incidence in the age group 60–69 years. The case fatality rate was 8.8%. Cases were distributed in 19 districts in the southern, western, central and eastern parts of the country. Molecular investigation revealed lineage 2 West Nile virus, related to the Volgograd 2007 strain. for Vector-borne Diseases in the Cantacuzino Institute in Romania reported to the National Centre for Surveillance and Control of Communicable Diseases (NCSCCD) 10 positive results for West Nile virus (WNV) in samples of patients distributed in nine different Romanian districts. Six of these 10 cases were male and four were female, with a median age of 56 years (range: 32–79 years). Romania recorded the first large outbreak of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in Europe in 1996, with 393 confirmed cases. This was also the first such outbreak in urban settings. Cases were confined to Bucharest, its rural surroundings and 14 districts in the Danube Plain [1,2]. In response to this outbreak, in 1997, the Ministry of Health set up a regional, hospital-based surveillance system and sporadic cases were recorded every year in the districts neighbouring the Danube River [3]. In 2009, the surveillance system was extended at national level, following the confirmation of two cases of West Nile fever (WNF) in humans in the central part of Romania and the detection of WNV-specific IgG antibodies among horses in many other areas of the country. Within the routine WNV surveillance activities in Romania, the following case definition is used for a suspected case with WNV infection: a person over 15 years of age who presents with fever and meningitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis between May and October and who reports a history of mosquito bites. Two sets of samples are collected for each suspected case: for patients with acute symptoms both cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and serum are taken. For patients in convalescence phase, a second serum sample is taken 14–21 days later. A probable or confirmed case of WNV infection is defined as a person who met the relevant clinical and the laboratory criteria for probable or confirmed cases described in the European Union case definition [4]. A suspected case is considered not to be a case if …
Patterns of lowest-low fertility in Europe

In this paper we conduct descriptive aggregate analyses to revisit the relation between low and lowest-low period fertility on the one, and cohort fertility and key fertility-related behaviors---such as leaving the parental home, marriage and female labor force participation---on the other side. First, we identify a systematic pattern of lowest-low fertility that is characterized by a rapid delay of childbearing, a low progression probability after the first child (but not particularly low levels of first-birth childbearing), and a ``falling behind´´ in cohort fertility at relatively late ages. Second, our analyses show that the cross-country correlations in Europe between the total fertility level on the one side, and the total first marriage rate, the proportion of extramarital births and the female labor force participation rate on the other side have reversed during the period from 1975 to 1999. At the end of the 1990s there is also no longer evidence that divorce levels are negatively associated with fertility levels. Based on these analyses we conclude that the emergence of lowest-low fertility during the 1990s has been accompanied by a disruption or even a reversal of many well-known patterns that have been used to explain cross-country differences in fertility patterns.
Magnetic fabric in a Cretaceous sill (Foz da Fonte, Portugal): flow model and implications for regional magmatism

M. Neres,1,2 J.L. Bouchez,2 P. Terrinha,1,3 E. Font,1 M. Moreira,1,4 R. Miranda,5 P. Launeau6 and C. Carvallo7 1Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: neresmarta@gmail.com 2Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, France 3Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisboa, Portugal 4Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Portugal 5Centro de Geologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal 6Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes, France 7Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
Diagnosis of Discrete-Event Systems Using Satisfiability Algorithms

The diagnosis of a discrete-event system is the problem of computing possible behaviors of the system given observations of the actual behavior, and testing whether the behaviors are normal or faulty. We show how the diagnosis problems can be translated into the propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) and solved by algorithms for SAT. Our experiments demonstrate that current SAT algorithms can solve much bigger diagnosis problems than traditional diagnosis algorithms can.
The geography of learning: Ferrari gestione sportiva 1929–2008

This article considers the mechanisms that permit and enhance the movement of highly tacit component (technical) knowledge and geographically sticky architectural knowledge across borders and between clusters and firms. We address a number of critical research questions that relate to intra- and inter-locational knowledge transfer. We use a theory-driven, longitudinal, single case study to develop a conceptual framework to examine and describe how shifting the geography of knowledge sourcing can facilitate architectural change by following the transformation of one business unit within a specialist global organization through a series of evolutionary steps that involved internalizing new component knowledge from other firms and locations, transforming the company’s architectural knowledge through various transactions with firms and individuals from a foreign cluster, and eventually radically transforming the concept of the firm and its focus. We close by generalizing this model to address the fundamental processes of the spatial aspects of organizational learning.
Ferro-Magnesian Calcite Cement in Sandstones

ABSTRACT Ferro-magnesian calcite occurs as cement in terrigenous sandstones as old as Ordovician from North America and the West Indies. Based on microprobe analyses, ferro-magnesian calcite cements have 1 to 10 wt. % FeCO3 and 11 to 39 wt. % MgCO3. Cement of this nature previously has not been analytically documented. Because of the propensity of iron to substitute for magnesium in the calcite lattice, what appears to be high magnesian calcite, based on X-ray diffraction techniques, actually may be ferro-magnesian calcite in terms of chemical composition. Subsurface occurrences indicate that with depth, a transition may take place from low-magnesian calcite through ferro-magnesian calcite to dolomite.
Exceptional response to pembrolizumab in a metastatic , chemotherapy / radiation-resistant ovarian 1 cancer patient harboring a PD-L 1-genetic rearrangement 2

10 *Corresponding Author: 11 Alessandro D. Santin MD 12 Professor 13 Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology 14 Yale University School of Medicine 15 LSOG Bld. Room 305 16 333 Cedar Street, PO Box 208063 17 New Haven, CT 06520-8063 18 Phone: 203-737-4450 19 Fax: 203-737-4339 20 alessandro.santin@yale.edu 21 22 Funding Informations: 23 This work was supported in part by grants from NIH U01 CA176067-01A1, the Deborah Bunn Alley 24 Foundation, the Tina Brozman Foundation, the Discovery to Cure Foundation and the Guido Berlucchi 25 Foundation to Alessandro D. Santin. This investigation was also supported by NIH Research Grant CA26 16359 from NCI. 27 28
Tomography of the crust and upper mantle in southeast Europe

Compressional velocity structure of the crust and the upper mantle in southeastern Europe (broader Aegean area) is studied by inverting residuals of the first P arrivals from earthquakes in this region (16°E-31°E, 34°N-43°N). The data used are from regional events recorded by the permanent network of stations during the period 1971-1987, enriched with data from experiments with portable seismographs in four regions of this broad area. This study confirms the strong variations of crustal thickness in this area as well as the subduction of the eastern Mediterranean lithosphere under the southern Aegean and gives further detailed information on the crustal and upper mantle structure of the area. Important new information is the existence of a low-velocity crustal layer in western Greece and Albania and that the velocity anomaly in the mantle under the southern Aegean extends much farther and deeper to the northeast than the Benioff zone of the intermediate depth earthquakes indicates. Furthermore, evidence is presented about the possible existence of older subduction in the northern Aegean and about the influence of the tectonic regime on the velocity field.