Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Knowledge on the Healing of the Extraction Socket: A Narrative Review

The concept of extraction socket healing has been severally researched and reported over the years, since tooth extraction remains one of the most common procedures performed in the dental clinic. Understanding this healing process is of utmost importance because the outcome has a direct bearing on future prosthetic rehabilitation and, by extension, on patients’ esthetics and masticatory function, among others. This mini review, therefore, summarized the current knowledge on the different stages of socket healing, including the biologic and clinical events that occur following tooth extraction up until the complete closure of the socket. Additionally, the modeling of the alveolar bone/process post extraction, and the resultant dimensional changes that, altogether, shape the bone, were reviewed and documented. The effects of various socket preservation interventions to mitigate these dimensional changes, and therefore preserve the alveolar process in a condition suitable for future prosthetic rehabilitation, were highlighted. Finally, a review of some of the factors that influence the entire process was also carried out.
Concordance between microsatellite instability testing and immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins and efficient screening of mismatch repair deficient gastric cancer

Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, an established technique that has gained prominence in recent years for its predictive potential regarding the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, is used to evaluate DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency (dMMR). As with other methods, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) of MMR proteins is also widely adopted. Although both techniques have been validated, their concordance rate remains unknown, particularly regarding non-colorectal cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore and elucidate their concordance in the context of gastric cancer (GC). A total of 489 surgically resected primary GC tissues were analyzed to compare the results yielded by the MSI test and those from IHC. Of 488 GC cases, 56 (11.5%) exhibited a loss of MMR proteins, whereas 52 (10.7%) were classified as high-frequency MSI (MSI-H). The concordance rate between these two categories was 99.2%. The microsatellite markers BAT26 and MONO27 demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 99.5% specificity in detecting dMMR GC. In addition, histopathological analysis revealed that MSI-H was more prevalent in GCs exhibiting coexisting Tub2 and Por1 subtypes. However, four discordant cases were observed. All four cases were microsatellite-stable cases but exhibited loss of MLH1 protein expression with hypermethylation of the MLH1 promoter. The results of the present study highlight that while there is a strong concordance between MSI and IHC testing results for determining dMMR status, IHC testing may offer superior efficacy in detecting dMMR.
Infrared spectra and radiative thermal conductivity of minerals at high temperatures

To evaluate the magnitude of radiative thermal conductivity in planetary interiors, it is necessary to measure the high-temperature absorption coefficient and refractive index of relevant minerals in the appropriate spectral region. We have made near-infrared measurements on samples of olivine, diopside, and oligoclase at temperatures up to 1723°K. The results of our studies show continuous broadening of the vibrational and electronic bands involved, with a consequent substantial increase in mineral opacity in a spectral region that is effectively a window for room-temperature samples. This opacity significantly decreases the magnitude of radiative thermal conductivity from what one would predict from room-temperature spectra.
Suomi NPP VIIRS day‐night band on‐orbit performance

The Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (NPP) launched on 28 October 2011 hosts the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor. The VIIRS sensor includes a day‐night band (DNB) that covers almost 7 orders of magnitude in its dynamic range from full sunlit scenes to lunar‐illuminated clouds. The DNB is panchromatic and covers the wavelengths from 500 nm to 900 nm. Since launch, extensive effort has gone into its characterization. We have shown that the DNB is performing extremely well, meeting most of its specifications with some minor exceedances. The DNB characteristics evaluated include the following: sampling and resolution across the swath, geolocation uncertainty, radiometric sensitivity, radiometric uncertainty, and stray light. The only significant deviation from specification involves the stray light specification. On‐orbit, the characterization shows that the DNB suffers stray light level on the order of 100% Lmin or 3 × 10−9 W∙cm−2∙sr−1. After algorithmic correction, the residual radiometric error was reduced to approximately 4.5 × 10−10 W∙cm−2∙sr−1.
Soil deformation and its spectral signature

Spatial variation of the surface micro‐relief in a Sharkey clay soil was investigated. The micro‐relief measurements of the soil surface were obtained using an automated infrared laser system and evaluated with methods of Fourier analysis. The authors illustrate the spectral technique with a simple example and then use the technique to interpret the surface micro‐relief patterns of soil samples subjected to three simulated rainstorm intensities. The periodicity of the soil surface micro‐relief in the longitudinal direction was 80–120 mm. The periodic surface micro‐relief patterns immediately following the rainstorm are shown to be an early manifestation of the cracking pattern. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Parameters and Extracellular Volume Fraction as Predictors of Lung Cancer Subtypes and Lymph Node Status in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)-based quantitative parameters and the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) can differentiate small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) from adenocarcinoma (Adeno-Ca), and NSCLC with lymph node metastasis from NSCLC without lymph node metastasis. Materials and methods: We prospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer (41 Adeno-Ca, 29 SCC, and 23 SCLC) who underwent DCE-MRI and enhanced T1 mapping prior to histopathological confirmation. Quantitative parameters based on DCE-MRI and ECV based on T1 mapping were compared between SCLC and NSCLC patients, between SCC and Adeno-Ca patients, and between NSCLC patients with and without lymph node metastasis. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each parameter. Spearman rank correlation was used to clarify the associations between ECV and DCE-MRI-derived parameters. Results: Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and ECV all performed well in differentiating SCLC from NSCLC (AUC > 0.729). Ktrans showed the best performance in differentiating SCC from Adeno-Ca (AUC = 0.836). ECV could differentiate NSCLCs with and without lymph node metastases (AUC = 0.764). ECV showed a significant positive correlation with both Ktrans and Ve. Conclusions: Ktrans is the most promising imaging parameter to differentiate SCLC from NSCLC, and Adeno-Ca from SCC. ECV was helpful in detecting lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. These imaging parameters may help guide the selection of lung cancer treatment.
Sex Differences in the Atherogenic Risk Index in Healthy Mexican Population and Its Relationship with Anthropometric and Psychological Factors

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, the association of this variable with a wide range of personal and psychological variables has not been researched. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare lipid levels and anthropometric measures between sexes and to determine the association between personal and psychological variables with the atherogenic risk index (ARI). An adult population which auto-reported as healthy was invited to participate via social media and in person. They filled out a questionnaire with personal and psychological variables; in addition, the body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were measured, and a blood sample was obtained to determine serum lipids. A total of 172 participants were included, from which 92 (53.49%) were women; both sexes were comparable in age and most sociodemographic values. Men showed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, ARI, and lower levels of HDL cholesterol. The men also showed higher values of WHR than the women. In the bivariate analysis, ARI showed the highest correlation with WHR (r = 0.664) in the men and with BMI (r = 0.619) in the women. In the multivariate analysis, the quality of food intake was negatively correlated with ARI in the global and women’s samples, and the psychological variables of assertiveness and positive relations with others were negatively correlated with ARI in women, while purpose in life was negatively correlated with ARI in men. In conclusion, the higher levels of serum lipids and ARI in men can be explained by the higher values of WHR in this sex. Behavioral and psychological variables could be protective factors for high ARI.
Inhibition of connexin 43 hemichannels improves postoperative cognitive function in aged mice.

AIMS Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a neurological disorder associated with neuroinflammation. Connexin 43 (Cx43), an essential component of gap junction, plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the role of Cx43 in the process of POCD. METHODS POCD model was established in aged mice with internal fixation of tibial fractures. Cognitive function was examined using the Morris water maze test. Hippocampus was collected for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS In the water maze test, mice undergoing surgery took longer time to reach target platform than the controls. IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expressions in the hippocampus were significantly increased in surgery mice. Cx43 protein presence in the hippocampus was increased in the surgery group. Treatment of Gap26, a specific blocker of Cx43 hemichannel, reduced the Cx43 protein presence, decreased mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α, and improved cognitive score in the maze test. CONCLUSION Internal fixation of tibial fractures in aged mice induces Cx43 hemichannels opening and enhances neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, leading to cognitive impairment. Administration of Gap26 reduces neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and improves postoperative cognitive function.
SMILES ice cloud products

Upper tropospheric water vapor and clouds play an important role in Earth's climate, but knowledge of them, in particular diurnal variation in deep convective clouds, is limited. An essential variable to understand them is cloud ice water content. The Japanese Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) on board the International Space Station (ISS) samples the atmosphere at different local times allowing the study of diurnal variability of atmospheric parameters. We describe a new ice cloud data set consisting of partial Ice Water Path and Ice Water Content. Preliminary comparisons with EOS‐MLS, CloudSat‐CPR and CALIOP‐CALIPSO are presented. Then, the diurnal variation over land and over open ocean for partial ice water path is reported. Over land, a pronounced diurnal variation peaking strongly in the afternoon/early evening was found. Over the open ocean, little temporal dependence was encountered. This data set is publicly available for download in HDF5 format.
Influence of the electrical diffuse layer and microgeometry on the effective ionic diffusion coefficient in porous media

This study models the effect of the electrical diffuse layer at the pore matrix interface on ionic diffusion processes in a porous medium in presence of a concentration gradient. We find that the equation D = Df/Fo usually used to compute in steady state conditions the effective diffusion coefficient, D, of a porous medium as a function of the salt diffusion coefficient, Df, the electrical formation factor, F, and the porosity, o, should be replaced by: D = ( Df/Fo)ξ, in the presence of an electrical diffuse layer at the pore-matrix interface. The correction factor, ξ arises from the cross-coupling of ionic fluxes due to electroneutrality requirement.
Oviposition by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), on five citrus types in a laboratory

Frugivorous insects use visual, chemical and tactile cues to find a suitable host for oviposition. However, these cues can vary greatly among fruit cultivars and condition, changing their susceptibility to fruit fly oviposition. The aims of this study were to (1) determine the effects of ripeness stage and damage on oviposition propensity by sexually mature, mated female oriental fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), on five citrus types (species and cultivars) under choice and no‐choice conditions and (2) describe the oviposition behaviour of B. dorsalis on ripe fruit of the same five citrus types that were either damaged or undamaged under no‐choice conditions. All tests were conducted in the laboratory. The citrus types tested were Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv Delta Valencia orange, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv Glen Ora Late navel orange, Citrus limon (L) (Burm.f.) cv Eureka lemon, Citrus paradisi (Macfad.) cv Star Ruby grapefruit and Citrus reticulata (Blanco) cv Nadorcott mandarin. Peel physical properties and essential oil composition were determined for each citrus type and stage. Oviposition propensity of B. dorsalis was significantly greater on damaged citrus but was not correlated with fruit diameter, peel thickness, oil gland density or oil gland size. A total of 45 aromatic compounds were found to be significant between the five cultivars investigated, and 6 of 11 compounds were significantly associated with over‐ripe fruits. Bactrocera dorsalis spent a significantly greater proportion of time ovipositing in damaged citrus and showed higher aggression when oviposition occurred in undamaged citrus. These results suggest that the removal of damaged and fallen fruit is important for controlling this pest in citrus orchards.
The study on dynamic extraction of urban land use cover with remote sensing image based on AdaBoost algorithm

In China, the contradiction of urban land use and cultivated land use is predominant, it's important to detect the urban land use cover for the guide of urban development. The primary problem of dynamic detecting on urban land use cover is how to get accurate classification of remote sensing data. Theoretically, if combining several low precision classifiers, a better classification result can be made and this paper introduces how to combine the low precision urban land use cover classifiers. We use CBERS (China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) remote sensing images of the year 2007 for Shanghai's urban land use cover. We adopt the AdaBoost combination classifier, which combines spectral feature information, texture structure information and improved Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) to improve the individual classification precision. The experiment results show that a notable improvement of classification precision of urban land use cover is achieved after using AdaBoost algorithm.
Subduction initiation at a strike-slip plate boundary: The Cenozoic Pacific-Australian plate boundary, south of New Zealand

[1] We first present a synthesis of the Macquarie Ridge Complex (MRC) tectonic structures as well as paleo-reconstruction models of the kinematic evolution of the Pacific-Australia plate boundary south of New Zealand, since the Eocene. We then ascertain the geodynamical conditions that preceded subduction initiation, and identify the nature and structures of the crust that first subducted, at the Puysegur subduction zone. This synthesis is used to produce a subduction initiation model for the Puysegur Region. Concomitant to inception of the Alpine Fault (ca. 23 Ma), a 150-km-wide transpressive relay zone developed along Puysegur Bank inherited structures, enabling localization of compressive deformation. Right-lateral motion at the relay zone has juxtaposed oceanic and continental crusts facilitating inception of subduction and controlling the subduction vergence. Subsequently, the Puysegur subduction zone initiated at the transpressive relay zone ca. 20 Ma. Upper and lower plate inherited structures guided and facilitated the lengthening of the subduction zone during the Neogene. The four individual segments of the MRC represent different stages of incipient subduction whose development depends on local geodynamical conditions and lithospheric heterogeneities. The example of the MRC demonstrates that subduction can initiate from an oceanic spreading center, through progressive changes in plate kinematics within a 10–15 Myr time frame. INDEX TERMS: 3040 Marine Geology and Geophysics: Plate tectonics (8150, 8155, 8157, 8158); 8155 Tectonophysics: Plate motions—general; 9604 Information Related to Geologic Time: Cenozoic; KEYWORDS: subduction initiation, Pacific, Australia, plate motion, Cenezoic, Macquarie Ridge
Ecotonal Dynamics of the Altitudinal Forest Limit are Affected by Terrain and Vegetation Structure Variables: An Example from the Sudetes Mountains in Central Europe

Abstract At the landscape scale, the response of alpine treelines to increasing temperatures often varies due to second-order factors such as terrain properties, vegetation structure, and land use. In this study, we examined the influence of topographic and vegetation-structure variables on spatial patterns of treeline ecotone shifts in the Sudetes Mountains (Czech Republic). The changing positions of the alpine timberline and alpine treeline were determined from orthogonal aerial images allowing comparisons between 1936 and 2005. Our results showed that the alpine timberline advanced upward at an overall rate between 0.30 m yr-1 in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (eastern part of the Sudetes) and 0.43 m yr-1 in the Giant Mountains (western part of the Sudetes). Forest infilling was substantially greater than advances above original alpine treeline positions. Forest upward shifts occurred mostly on sites with already established, well-dispersed trees and low levels of prostrate dwarf pine cover. Topographic variables such as altitude and heat load affected forest advance if initial tree cover was low. The occurrence of competitive prostrate shrubs and the presence of climatically extreme convex parts of slopes appear to be important second-order factors affecting treeline ecotone shifts, particularly at wind-affected treelines.
Perioperative Schmerztherapie bei Kindern

Eine effektive und sichere Kinderschmerztherapie ist aus ethischer Sicht und zur Vermeidung von negativen Langzeiteffekten wichtig. Eine qualitativ hochwertige Analgesie zu erreichen, bleibt in dieser vulnerablen Patientenpopulation schwierig. Aktuelle Daten, Entwicklungen, Konzepte und ein kritischer Blick auf die Rolle von Opioiden können helfen, die Therapie zu verbessern.
Electromagnetic phenomena based on surface modes and their transfer to atom optics

Esta tesis se ocupa del estudio de fenomenos electromagneticos basados en modos superficiales de estructuras metalicas. Para tratar la interaccion de la luz con estos complejos sistemas, hemos desarrollado un formalismo teorico basado en la expansion modal de los campos electromagneticos. En este marco teorico, consideramos que los metales se comportan como conductores perfectos, lo que impide la penetracion de los campos electromagneticos dentro de ellos. Esta aproximacion proporciona resultados precisos a bajas frecuencias (microondas y terahercios) y tiene una validez semicuantitativa en los rangos visible y optico.
Numerical computation of individual far-field arrivals excited by an acoustic source in a borehole

In this paper, I model the acoustic logging problem and numerically compute individual arrivals at far‐field receivers. The ability to compute individual arrivals is useful for examining the sensitivities of each arrival to various factors of interest, as opposed to examining the full waveform as a whole. While the numerical computation of the mode arrivals (Peterson, 1974) and the numerical computation of the first head waves (Tsang and Rader, 1979) have been previously reported, the numerical computation of the entire set of head‐wave arrivals is new and is the major contribution of this paper. Following Roever et al. (1974) and others, the full wave field is represented as a sum of contributions from both poles and branchcuts in the complex wavenumber plane. The pole contributions correspond to mode arrivals while the branch cuts are associated with the body waves (i.e., head waves). Both the pole and branch cut contributions are computed numerically and results are presented for the cases of a slow an.
The separation distress hypothesis: The ultimate theory of depression?

ABSTRACT In his latest treatise on the separation distress hypothesis, Watt makes a compelling case that depression ultimately stems from an adaptive response to problems in the social world. Despite our agreement with many of Watt's claims, we argue here that the separation distress hypothesis only tells us part of the story. Finding little reason to favour his model over other socially-oriented theories of depression, we advocate instead for an integrative approach in theoretical psychiatry that can fruitfully incorporate insights arising from each of these evolutionary views, including Watt's own.
Tracking spawning targets with a tagged particle filter

The particle filter is an effective technique for target tracking in the presence of nonlinear system model, nonlinear measurement model or non-Gaussian noise in the system and/or measurement processes. However, the current particle filtering algorithms for multitarget tracking suffer from high computational requirements. In this paper, we present a new implementation of the particle filter, called the tagged particle filtering (TPF) algorithm, to handle multitarget tracking problems in an efficient manner. The TPF uses a separate sets of particles for each track. Here, each particle is associated with the closest (in terms of likelihoods) measurement. The particles for a particular track may form separate groups in terms of the measurements associated with them and they evolve independently in groups till two or more groups of particles are separated by a distance large enough to be called separate tracks. A decision is made as to which of the groups is to be retained. Since this algorithm keeps a separate set of particles for each track, the state estimation for individual tracks does not require any additional computation. Also, this algorithm is association free and target class information can be added to the state for feature aided tracking. Simulation results are obtained by applying this tracking filter to a spawning target scenario.