Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Analysis of the Effect of Oil and Non-Oil Revenues on Economic Development in Nigeria

Revenue generation as the funding source for Nigeria's development activities was challenging mainly due to mismanagement of funds by the Government, tax avoidance, and corrupt practices. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, global crude oil prices decline tremendously, as well as a crash in the global economy. The challenges make Nigeria's federal government over-dependent on oil-generated revenues to experience several setbacks in achieving its development goals. However, for the last decade, the Government has also diversified the economy and focus on the non-oil area. Thus, this study examined the effects of generating oil and non-oil revenues on Nigeria's economic development from 1989 through 2018 using secondary data extracted the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The study employed the model for analytical co-integration and error correction. Similar analytical processes were applied to the multivariate data on components of oil and non-oil revenue, exchange rates, and real gross domestic products. Results generated indicated that the oil revenue harms real gross domestic products in Nigeria, but this is the same with effects reported from non-oil revenue. Nonetheless, Nigeria's exchange rate gives a positive sign and statistical significance for real gross domestic products. Consequently, the study concludes that the continuing decline in global crude oil prices, resistance from insurgents in Nigeria's oil-producing area, the profligate expenditure of the Nigerian Government, the global COVID-19 health pandemic, among other factors, are harming the economic development of Nigeria.
Objective Modeling of Speech Quality with a Psychoacoustically Validated Auditory Model

A new objective measure for the transmission quality of low-bit-rate speech coding algorithms is described and tested. A quantitative psychoacoustical signal processing model is employed to measure the perceptually relevant deviations between the transmitted, degraded signal and the corresponding reference signal objectively. The processing is applied to transform the coded (distorted) signal and the corresponding original speech signal to an internal representation which is thought of as the information that is accessible to higher neural stages of perception. From a comparison of these internal representations a quality measure can be derived, which shows a high correlation with the subjective mean opinion score data of various test databases if a frequency-dependent weighting is applied that exhibits increasing weights for increasing center frequencies of the filter channels of the internal representation. The inherent parameters of the auditory processing model optimized from psychoacoustical data independent from the present study yielded also the best performance in predicting the subjective speech quality data compared to alterations of the auditory model. The performance of the new measure was investigated by comparing it with alternative models with regard to dynamic compression and with the PSQM/P.861 measure. The performance of the proposed model was on average comparable to that of the PSQM model.
High Density Impulse Noise Removal from Color Images by K-means Clustering based Detection and Least Manhattan Distance-oriented Removal Approach

Removal of impulse noise from color images is a stringent job in the arena of image processing. Impulse noise is fundamental of two types: Salt and pepper noise (SAPN) and Random valued impulse noise (RVIN). The key challenge in impulse noise removal from color images lies in tackling out the randomness in the noise pattern and in handling multiple color channels efficiently. Over the years, several filters have been designed to remove impulse noise from color images, but still, the researchers face a stringent challenge in designing a filter effective at high noise densities. In this study, a combination of K-means clustering-based detection followed by a minimum distance-based approach for removal is taken for high-density impulse noise removal from color images. In the detection phase, K-means clustering is applied on combined data consisting of elements from designated 5 × 5 windows of all the planes from RGB color images to segregate noisy and non-noisy elements. In the removal phase, noisy pixels are replaced by taking the average of medians of all non-noisy pixels and non-noisy pixels under 7 × 7 windows residing at least Manhattan distance from the inspected noisy pixel. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared up against the latest filters, on the basis of well-known metrices, such as Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural similarity index measurement (SSIM). Based on these comparisons, the proposed filter is found superior than the compared filters in removing impulse noise at high noise densities. Keywords—Impulse noise; color image; salt and pepper noise; random valued impulse noise
Classification of FNIRS Using Wigner-ville Distribution and CNN

: Consumers undergo an intellectual burden when working with technological programs. Mostly in situations of several activities. For instance, while communicating when driving with the navigation device. It is not necessary to divert users from their primary duties in such circumstances. In memory cycles and related workload, the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) has a significant role to play. In this study, we have used data from 10 participants to evaluate the task behaviors in PFC with usable near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), which is a non-invasive imaging modality. In classification, CNN research has been state of the art. This has undermined the need to extract features manually. In order to assess the mental workload, we implemented a time-frequency approach with CNN approach. Rather than traditional CNN network we used ResNet50 pretrained network here. Application of Wigner-Ville Distribution in Functional Imaging is introduced here. The proposed CNN approach achieves a considerable average improvement relative to conventional methods. The results across differences in time window length are benchmarked. Satisfactory result obtained with twenty five second window for which the CNN yields 98% correct classification where traditional CNN achieved 89% accuracy.
Advanced Controls and Communications for Demand Response and Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings

LBNL-59337 Presented at Second Carnegie Mellon Conference in Electric Power Systems: Monitoring, Sensing, Software and Its Valuation for the Changing Electric Power Industry, January 12, 2006, Pittsburgh, PA. Advanced Controls and Communications for Demand Response and Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings Sila Kiliccote, Mary Ann Piette Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory David Hansen U.S. Department of Energy This work was supported by the New York State Energy and Research Development Authority (NYSERDA) and the Demand Response Research Center (drrc.lbl.gov) funded by the California Energy Commission, Public Interest Energy Research Program, under Work for Others Contract No.150-99-003, Am #1 and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Modélisation analytique multiphysique pour la conception optimale de moteurs synchrones à aimants permanents

During the last years, permanent magnets synchronous motors have become a reference in the industrial world, both from the economical and the technical point of view, because of their very good performance in both regards. Thus, application of specific methodologies and algorithms during the design phase has become a must. In this thesis, the analytical modelling of permanent magnet synchronous motors for stator configurations with and without teeth is presented. Several physical aspects, such as magnetic, thermal and electrical phenomena, are taken into account. For the magnetic part, several models are presented which all have their own areas of application. Some of them take the magnetic saturation of the ferromagnetic parts into consideration. The simplified thermal model is based on an equivalent Kirchhoff circuit in which convection and radiation are included. Concerning the determination of the electrical characteristics of slotless machine configurations, the determination of the back-emf and of the inductances using the method of images are presented. Special emphasis has been placed that the tendencies of the variations of the modelled phenomena as they are observed with changes in other parameters or criteria are correctly represented. This is almost more significant that the accuracy of the model itself. The models are validated and improved by using finite element simulations. The mathematical expressions of the design problems are taken into account to allow the mathematical optimisation applied to converge towards the optimal solution without failure. Thereby, the objective is to avoid non-continuity of the functions and their first derivatives and to reduce the space where the functions are not mathematically defined. In the "Solar Impulse" project, which aims to realise an around-the-world flight with an airplane using only the solar radiation as energy source, a prototype is optimised and built. A prototype motor has been built and experimentally analysed, to be able to further validate and improve the analytical model used for the optimisation of the machine. The originalities of this thesis can be summarised as follows : modelling of the magnetic phenomena, with several specific models adapted for different configurations ; formulations of the physical phenomena adapted for the design phase ; comparison between analytical and finite element simulations in order to validate or/and improve the analytical models ; use of the method of images to determine the inductances in a slotless motor ; design optimisation by taking into account several physical phenomena where the free parameters are analysed globally ; design and manufacturing of a prototype for a concrete project which allows to completely validate the results of the optimisation and the analytical models.
Microwave signal conditioning through non-reciprocal phase shifting

Two non-reciprocal microwave signal conditioning circuits, a non-reciprocal phase shifter and a quasi-circulator, are proposed as based on the use of active microwave devices. Analytical expressions are derived to demonstrate the principles of operation and prototypes are presented both in hybrid and monolithic form. The hybrid structures operate in the L-band, whereas the monolithic ones are designed for X-band operation, and demonstrate the compactness and performance of the proposed topologies.
Pre-grasp Manipulation Planning to Secure Space for Power Grasping

An object can be gripped firmly through power grasping, in which the gripper fingers and palm are wrapped around the object. However, it is difficult to power-grasp an object if it is placed on a support surface and the grasping point is near the support surface. Because there is no gap between the object and the support surface, the gripper fingers and the support surface will collide when the gripper attempts to power-grasp the object. To address this, we propose a pre-grasp manipulation planning method that uses two robot arms, whereby space can be secured for power grasping by rotating the object while being supported against the support surface. The objects considered in this study are appropriately shaped for a power grasp, but power grasping cannot be performed directly because the desired power-grasping location is close to the support surface on which the object is placed. First, to power-grasp the object, candidate rotation axes on the object and in contact with the support surface are derived based on a mesh model of the object. Then, for each such axis, the object pose that allows power grasping is obtained. Finally, according to the obtained object pose, the paths for rotating and power-grasping the object are planned. We evaluate the proposed approach through simulations and experiments using two UR5e robot arms with a 2F-85 gripper.
Structural health monitoring activities at National Laboratories

Sandia National Laboratories and Los Alamos National Laboratory have on-going programs to assess damage in structures and mechanical systems from changes in their dynamic characteristics. This paper provides a summary of how both institutes became involved with this technology, their experience in this field and the directions that their research in this area will be taking in the future.
Forensic Data Storage for Wireless Networks: a compliant architecture

In the past 10 years there has been an explosion of unprecedented growth in wireless based technologies. Wireless networking has escalated in popularity since its inauguration due to the ability to form computer networks without the use of a wired base infrastructure. However, the very nature of wireless networking engenders inherent security threats and vulnerabilities. Furthermore, with the rapid growth of technology based digital services also comes intentional misuse and related corruption of those services. Therefore, potential issues outline the possibility of criminal activity. Now, the need exists for Digital Forensic procedures in wireless networks which are specifically aimed at obtaining viable digital evidence. The current academic literature mainly relates to traditional digital forensic principles and device evidence extraction rather than assurance and network layer architectures. Further research in the particular field of digital forensics in wireless networks is crucial. The main focus of the research project addresses the development of a design system which is capable of acquiring and preserving wireless network traffic, where the resultant data contains viable evidentiary trails from 802.11g based Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN). The proposed system architecture of the Wireless Forensic Model (WFM) consists of two components: a wireless drone and a Forensic Server. The model is specifically engineered for infrastructure based WLANs with multiple Access Points (APs). The proposed design system therefore monitors and acquires wireless network traffic from the APs using a distribution of wireless drones. These collect and forward the network traffic to the centralised Forensic Server which in turn stores and preserves the acquired data. Four phases of research testing were conducted; two for initial testing and two for stabilised testing. Phase One and Two of initial testing involved the implementation of a test-bed WLAN infrastructure and the implementation of the prescribed WFM design system. Both entities were subjected to benchmark testing. The initial WFM was evaluated to determine the requirements and capabilities of acquiring and preserving data from the WLAN. Phase Three drew experience from the initial WFM testing and reconfigured a stable system design. Benchmark testing was again conducted to examine the system performance and whether a full data set of viable digital evidence could be obtained. In Phase Four the stabilised WFM was finally evaluated on the ability to obtain evidentiary trails from a series of recreated attacks conducted against the WLAN.
Low-noise travelling-wave tubes

Following the development of the earliest low-noise travelling-wave tubes, some 20 years ago, there was a period of great activity in this field. Until about five years ago, a great deal of work was published both on the theoretical aspects of low-noise behaviour, and on the attainment of low noise factors under laboratory conditions. Since then, the major effort has been directed towards translating these laboratory models into reliable commercial devices, and, in the paper, a review is made of current work on low-noise travelling-wave tubes. After discussing, in some detail, the design requirments of a minimum-noise-factor t.w. t. , the paper shows the interrelation between the noise factor and the other prime requirements of a t.w. t. ,—gain, power and bandwidth—with particular emphasis on the practical considerations involved. The implications of the choice of permanent-magnet focus mount and r.f. coupling system on the optimisation of the size, weight and performance, are considered, together with the compromises that are available. The final sections of the paper are devoted to cosideration of some of the other characteristics of low-noise t.w. ts. which are of interest to a systems designer. These include the dynamic range, gain and phase tracking, environmental performance and life behaviour.
Acacia Decurrens (Wild) an Invasive South Africa Tree: Chemical Profile, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities

The present study describes the profile, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the stem bark of Acacia decurrens . The methanol and hexane fractions had 20% and 0.2% extract yield respectively. The GC-MS result of the hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions confirm the presence of 52 compounds and the ICP analysis of the stem bark was found to contain high levels of Co, Zn, Mn, Ca, Ni, Mg, Cr, K and Fe; which is an indication of hyper accumulation capacity. The UV-Visible spectra of showed various peaks which are indication of important radical scavenging Chromophores. Phytochemical screening indicated that the alkaloid (0.6-3.3%) and saponins (5.1-8.6%) contents of the various fractions were significantly lower than the tannin (30.9-55.8 mg TAE/g), steroid (13.92-41.2%), phenol (40.6-65.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (210.2-284.9 mg RUE/g) contents. The disk and well diffusion methods were used to determine the sensitivity and MIC of the fractions. The ethyl acetate and methanol were the most potent antibacterial fractions with 75% and 65% inhibition respectively with MIC of 12.5 µg/ml compared with ampicillin. The antioxidant activity of the fractions was analysed by different methods and revealed good antioxidant potential with different IC 50 values of 42.2-49.6 mg/mL for ABTS and 37.8-75.0 μg/ml for DPPH respectively, compared to standard antioxidants.
GammaTile for Gliomas: A Single-Center Case Series

GammaTile® (GT Medical Technologies, Tempe, Arizona) is a surgically targeted radiation source, approved by FDA for brachytherapy in primary and secondary brain neoplasms. Each GammaTile is composed of a collagen sponge with four seeds of cesium 131 and is particularly useful in recurrent tumors. We report our early experience in seven patients with recurrent gliomas to assess this type of brachytherapy with particular attention to ease of use, complication, and surgical planning. This study represents a retrospective chart review of surgical use and early clinical outcomes of GammaTile in recurrent gliomas. The number of tiles was planned using pre-operative imaging and dosimetry was planned based on post-operative imaging. Patients were followed during their hospital stay and were followed up after discharge. Parameters such as case length, resection extent, complication, ICU length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, pre-operative Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), immediate post-operative GCS, post-operative imaging findings, recurrence at follow-up, length of follow-up, and dosimetry were collected in a retrospective manner. Seven patients were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Two patients were diagnosed with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), one lower-grade glioma that recurred as a GBM, one GBM that recurred as a gliosarcoma, and two recurrent oligodendrogliomas. We found that operation time, ICU LOS, hospital LOS, pre- and post-operative GCS, and post-operative complications were within the expected ranges for tumor resection patients. Further, dosimetry data suggests that six out of seven patients received adequate radiation coverage, with the seventh having implantation limitations due to nearby organs at risk. We report no postoperative complications that can be attributed to the GammaTiles themselves. In our cohort, we report seven cases where GammaTiles were implanted in recurrent gliomas. No implant-related post-operative complications were identified. This early data suggests that GammaTile can be a safe form of brachytherapy in recurrent gliomas.
Radar and infrared data fusion algorithm based on fuzzy-neural network

In modern war, the war field environment is complex and interfere is heavy, single mode weapon can not meet the military need. Multi-mode guiding weapon has some advantages for its multi-sensor data fusion. Radar and Infrared data fusion has been widely studied due to its implementation of complementary information, improvement of target tracking and enhancement of system viability. During fusing radar and infrared data under the condition of radar-infrared dual mode guidance, there is a problem that radar data is asynchronous with infrared data. The infrared measurement data is fused first to keep synchronous with the radar measurement data. The processed data is transmitted to the central Fuzzy-neutral network (FNN) data fusion central, which is employed to decrease the influence of the uncertainty of sensor state on fusion performance. A fused estimation of target is formed. Simulation result demonstrates that this method can improve the stability and reliability of fusion.
A communication‐less distributed frequency restoration and economical active power control scheme for islanded AC microgrids

In this article, a novel distributed cooperative control scheme is presented to restore the microgrid frequency to the nominal value and achieve economical active power sharing. Based on hierarchical control structure, a distributed event‐triggered economic dispatch algorithm is designed to calculate optimal active power reference, and a decentralized frequency controller is developed to restore the microgrid frequency and track the optimal active power reference. The presented scheme is globally distributed for tertiary power optimization and locally decentralized for secondary frequency control. By employing event‐triggered communication mechanism and decentralized secondary frequency control, the communication burden can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, exponential convergence rate of the presented scheme is rigorously proved by Lyapunov approach. Finally, several simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the presented scheme.
The Video Game Industry: Formation, Present State, and Future

The Video Game Industry provides a platform for the research on the video game industry to draw a coherent and informative picture of this industry. Previously this has been done sparsely through conference papers, research articles, and popular science books. Although the study of this industry is still stigmatized as frivolous and only game oriented, those who grew up with video games are changing things, especially research agendas, the acceptance of studies, and their interpretation. This book describes and defines video games as their own special medium. They are not pinball from which they grew, nor movies which they sometimes resemble. They are a unique form of entertainment based on meaningful interactions between individuals and machine across a growing sector of the population. The Video Game Industry provides a reference foundation for individuals seriously interested in the industry at the academic level. As a result, this book will serve as a reference in curricula associated with video game development for years to come.