Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphatidylserine is Required for the Normal Progression of Cell Plate Formation in Arabidopsis Root Meristem.

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is involved in various cellular processes in yeast and animals. However, PS functions in plants remain unclear. In Arabidopsis, PS is relatively enriched in flower and root tissues, and the genetic disturbance of PS biosynthesis in PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE SYNTHASE1 (PSS1)/pss1 heterozygotes induces sporophytic and gametophytic defects during pollen maturation. This study functionally characterized PS in Arabidopsis roots and observed that pss1 seedlings exhibited a short-root phenotype by reducing the meristem size and cell elongation capacity. Confocal microscopy imaging analyses of PS with GFP-LactC2 and the endocytic activity with FM 4-64 revealed that although GFP-LactC2 (or PS) was localized in the plasma membrane and endocytic membranes, the lack of PS in pss1 roots did not affect the constitutive endocytosis. Instead, a fluorescence imaging analysis of the cytokinetic phases in the dividing zone of pss1-2 roots revealed a significant delay in telophase progression, requiring active cargo vesicle trafficking for cell plate formation. Confocal microscopy imaging analysis of transgenic GFP-LactC2 root cells with developing cell plates indicated that GFP-LactC2 was localized at the cell plate. Moreover, confocal microscopy images of transgenic pss1-2 and PSS1 roots expressing the cell plate-specific syntaxin construct ProKNOLLE:eGFP-KNOLLE showed abnormal cell plate development in pss1-2 ProKNOLLE:eGFP-KNOLLE roots. These results suggested that PS is required for root cytokinesis, possibly because it helps mediate the cargo vesicular trafficking required for cell plate formation.
Measured versus predicted postoperative pulmonary function at repeated times up to 1 year after lobectomy.

OBJECTIVES Postoperative pulmonary function is difficult to predict accurately, because it changes from the time of the operation and is also affected by various factors. The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at different postoperative times after lobectomy. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 104 patients who underwent lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery. Pulmonary function tests were performed preoperatively and postoperatively at 3, 6 and 12 months. We investigated time-dependent changes in FEV1. In addition, the ratio of measured to predicted postoperative FEV1 calculated by the subsegmental method was evaluated to identify the factors associated with variations in postoperative FEV1. RESULTS Compared with the predicted postoperative FEV1, the measured postoperative FEV1 was 8% higher at 3 months, 11% higher at 6 months and 13% higher at 12 months. The measured postoperative FEV1 significantly increased from 3 to 6 months (P = 0.002) and from 6 to 12 months (P = 0.015) after lobectomy resected lobe, smoking history and body mass index were significant factors associated with the ratio of measured to predicted postoperative FEV1 at 12 months (P < 0.001, P = 0.036 and P = 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative FEV1 increased up to 12 months after lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery. The predicted postoperative pulmonary function was underestimated after 3 months, particularly after lower lobectomy.
Superelastic oxide micropillars enabled by surface tension–modulated 90° domain switching with excellent fatigue resistance

Significance We demonstrate the micropillars of normally brittle BaTiO3 (BTO) are superelastic as well as fatigue resistant over 1 million cycles without accumulating residual strains or noticeable variation in stress–strain curves over cycles. The mechanism of reversible 90° domain switching identified in our work is advantageous over the conventional phase transition mechanism as found in ZrO2 and shape memory alloys, and it is not limited to BTO. Therefore, our work offers a promising strategy for realizing fatigue-resistant superelasticity in otherwise brittle ferroelectric materials. Superelastic materials capable of recovering large nonlinear strains are ideal for a variety of applications in morphing structures, reconfigurable systems, and robots. However, making oxide materials superelastic has been a long-standing challenge due to their intrinsic brittleness. Here, we fabricate ferroelectric BaTiO3 (BTO) micropillars that not only are superelastic but also possess excellent fatigue resistance, lasting over 1 million cycles without accumulating residual strains or noticeable variation in stress–strain curves. Phase field simulations reveal that the large recoverable strains of BTO micropillars arise from surface tension–modulated 90° domain switching and thus are size dependent, while the small energy barrier and ultralow energy dissipation are responsible for their unprecedented cyclic stability among superelastic materials. This work demonstrates a general strategy to realize superelastic and fatigue-resistant domain switching in ferroelectric oxides for many potential applications.
AIM2-driven inflammasome activation in heart failure.

AIMS Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important pathogenic factor in cardiovascular diseases including chronic heart failure (HF). The CANTOS trial highlighted that inflammasomes as primary sources of IL-1 β are promising new therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we aimed to assess inflammasome activation in failing hearts to identify activation patterns of inflammasome subtypes as sources of IL-1β. METHODS AND RESULTS Out of the 4 major inflammasome sensors tested, expression of the inflammasome protein absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) and NLR family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4) increased in human heart failure regardless of the etiology (ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy) while the NLRP1/NALP1 and NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 1 and 3) inflammasome showed no change in HF samples. AIM2 expression was primarily detected in monocytes/macrophages of failing hearts. Translational animal models of HF (pressure or volume overload, and permanent coronary artery ligation in rat, as well as ischemia/reperfusion-induced HF in pigs) demonstrated activation pattern of AIM2 similar to that of observed in end-stages of human HF. In vitro AIM2 inflammasome activation in human THP-1 monocytic cells and human AC16 cells was significantly reduced by pharmacological blockade of pannexin-1 channels by the clinically used uricosuric drug probenecid. Probenecid was also able to reduce pressure overload-induced mortality and restore indices of disease severity in a rat chronic HF model in vivo. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasome activation contribute to chronic inflammation in heart failure and that probenecid alleviates chronic HF by reducing inflammasome activation. The present translational study suggests the possibility of repositioning of probenecid for HF indications.
The effect of advertsing on Iranian audience : a study of male and female attitudes

This study examines the effect of advertising on Iranian audience using the total sample of 274 Iranian male and female. The study used the t-test model to determine the significant differences between Iranian male and female attitudes on different facets of advertising if any. As the researcher found that there is a statistically significant difference between the Iranian male and female in advertisements which create needs but do not fulfill them perfectly, this type of study would help the industry to realize the need of measuring the pulse of the general consumers from time to time and fulfill their needs. Knowledge of these in different segments of society will help the industry and advertising agencies in the development of creative strategy and media planning for targeting specific groups. At the same time, the practice of advertising should be improved and its credibility has to be enhanced among its recipients. This research has tried to demonstrate that there are some people who always think the positive consequence of advertising and at the same time there may be others who think negatively the consequences of advertising, Therefore, the longterm goal of the industry should be to improve its performance over time. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved
Post-drought Groundwater Storage Recovery in 1 California ’ s Central Valley 2 3

21 Groundwater depletion is a major threat to agricultural and municipal water supply in California’s 22 Central Valley. Recent droughts during 2007–2009 and 2012–2016 exacerbated chronic groundwater 23 depletion. However, it is unclear how much groundwater storage recovered from drought-related 24 overdrafts during post-drought years, and how climatic conditions and water management affected 25 recovery times. We estimated groundwater storage change in the Central Valley for April 2002 through 26 September 2019 using four methods: GRACE satellite data, a water balance approach, a hydrologic 27 simulation model, and monitoring wells. We also evaluated the sensitivity of drought recovery to different 28 climate scenarios (recent climate ± droughts) and future climate change scenarios (20 GCMs and 2 29 RCPs). Central Valley groundwater loss ranged from 19 km (2007 – 2009) to 26 km (2012 – 2016) 30 (median of four methods). Aquifer storage recovery was 34% and 13% of the overdraft during the 2010– 31 2011 and 2017–2019 post-drought years. Numerical experiments show that recovery times are sensitive to 32 Confidential manuscript prepared for Water Resources Research 2 climate forcing, with longer recovery times for a future climate scenario that replicates historical 33 climatology relative to historical forcing with no-drought. Recovery times for groundwater pumping 34 restrictions at 30 to 50 percentiles of historic groundwater depletion were reduced by ~2× relative to no 35 pumping restrictions under no-drought future climatology. This study highlights the importance of 36 considering water management within the context of climate change scenarios to determine future 37 drought recoveries. 38 39 Plain language summary: 40 California’s Central Valley has experienced chronic groundwater depletion over the past few 41 decades, the rate of which has been amplified by droughts in 2007-2009 and 2012-2016. There is 42 limited knowledge as to how much of the drought-caused groundwater depletion has recovered 43 during post-drought years and how climate and water management affect overdraft recovery 44 times. We address these issues by estimating groundwater storage changes using four methods 45 and conducting numerical experiments with varying climatic conditions and water management 46 options. We find that less than one-third of the groundwater overdraft from the most recent 47 droughts was recovered during post-drought years. Projected overdraft recovery times vary 48 greatly depending on the climate scenarios and water management strategies, and future droughts 49 are likely to cause overdrafts from which recovery is unlikely given the current level of 50 groundwater extractions. However, management measures such as capping groundwater 51 pumping could reduce recovery times by a factor of two or more depending on the groundwater 52 extraction cap and post-drought climate. 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Confidential manuscript prepared for Water Resources Research
ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES CAPACITY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: THE RELATIONSHIP WITH DISEASE ACTIVITY SCORE

SUMMARY The aims of this study were to check the alterations in serum levels of antioxidant enzyme activities and to assess whether the disease activity scores are reflected by serum antioxidant enzyme capacity in patients with RA. The levels of erythrocyte CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were assessed in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 healthy control subjects. Disease activity score (DAS28) was calculated for all patients. Erythrocyte CuZnSOD activity levels in RA patients and control subjects were 13.8 ± 2.5 (U/mg. protein) and 8.62 ± 1.8 (U/mg. protein), respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.001). The mean erythrocyte GSH-Px values were 27.6 ± 9.3 (µmol NADPH oxidized/min/mg.protein) and 14.5 ± 3.3 (µmolNADPH oxidized/min/mg.protein) for the RA patients and controls subjects, respectively. There was a significant difference with respect to erythrocyte GSH-Px activity values between the groups (p<0.001). The mean DAS 28 score in RA patients was 3.44 ± 1.23. There was a significant positive correlation between each of erythrocyte CuZnSOD and GSH-Px levels and DAS28 scores for the RA patients (r= 0.80, p<0.001; r= 0.81, p<0.001 respectively). Positive correlation between erythrocyte CuZnSOD and GSH-Px activity values and CRP (r=0.68, p<0.001; r=0.76, p<0.001), was not detected with ESR. The present study indicated that increased erythrocyte CuZnSOD and GSH-Px levels that might play a role in the tissue damage and inflammation process of this disease may be a useful marker for evaluating of the disease activity in patients with RA.
Land-use planning for health: Tradeoffs and nonlinearities govern how land-use change impacts vector-borne disease risk

Patterns of land-use can affect the transmission of many infectious diseases with human health implications; yet, applied ecosystem service models have rarely accounted for disease transmission risk. A mechanistic understanding of how land-use changes alter infectious disease transmission would help to target public health interventions and to minimize human risk of disease with either ecosystem degradation or restoration. Here, we present a spatially explicit model of disease transmission on heterogeneous landscapes that is designed to serve as a road map for modeling the multifaceted impacts of land-use on disease transmission. We model the transmission of three vector-borne diseases with distinct transmission dynamics (parameterized using published literature to represent dengue, yellow fever, and malaria) on simulated landscapes of varying spatial heterogeneity in tree cover and urban area. Overall, we find that these three diseases depend on the biophysical landscape in different nonlinear ways, leading to tradeoffs in disease risk across the landscape; rarely do we predict disease risk to be high for all three diseases in a local setting. We predict that dengue risk peaks in areas of high urban intensity and human population density, yellow fever risk peaks in areas with low to moderate human population density and high tree cover, and malaria risk peaks where patchy tree cover abuts urban area. To examine how this approach can inform land use planning, we applied the model to a small landscape to the northwest of Bogotá, Colombia under multiple restoration scenarios. We predict that in an area inhabited by both Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, any increase in overall tree cover would increase dengue and yellow fever risk, but that risk can be minimized by pursuing a large contiguous reforestation project as opposed to many small, patchy projects. A large contiguous reforestation project is also able to both reduce overall malaria risk and the number of malaria hotspots. As sustainable development goals make ecosystem restoration and biodiversity conservation top priorities, it is imperative that land use planning account for potential impacts on both disease transmission and other ecosystem services. Open Research statement All data and code used in this study are available in the online supplemental material. Code and data are also hosted at: https://github.com/morgankain/Land-Use_Disease_Model.
An ancient antimicrobial protein co-opted by a fungal plant pathogen for in planta mycobiome manipulation

Significance Microbes secrete a diversity of molecules into their environment to mediate niche colonization. During host ingress, plant pathogenic microbes secrete effector proteins that facilitate disease development, many of which deregulate host immune responses. We recently demonstrated that plant pathogens additionally exploit effectors with antibacterial activities to manipulate beneficial plant microbiota to promote host colonization. Here, we show that the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae has co-opted an ancient antimicrobial protein, which likely served in microbial competition in terrestrial environments before land plants existed, as effector for the manipulation of fungal competitors during host colonization. Thus, we demonstrate that pathogen effector repertoires comprise antifungal proteins and speculate that such effectors could be exploited for the development of antimycotics. Microbes typically secrete a plethora of molecules to promote niche colonization. Soil-dwelling microbes are well-known producers of antimicrobials that are exploited to outcompete microbial coinhabitants. Also, plant pathogenic microbes secrete a diversity of molecules into their environment for niche establishment. Upon plant colonization, microbial pathogens secrete so-called effector proteins that promote disease development. While such effectors are typically considered to exclusively act through direct host manipulation, we recently reported that the soil-borne, fungal, xylem-colonizing vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae exploits effector proteins with antibacterial properties to promote host colonization through the manipulation of beneficial host microbiota. Since fungal evolution preceded land plant evolution, we now speculate that a subset of the pathogen effectors involved in host microbiota manipulation evolved from ancient antimicrobial proteins of terrestrial fungal ancestors that served in microbial competition prior to the evolution of plant pathogenicity. Here, we show that V. dahliae has co-opted an ancient antimicrobial protein as effector, named VdAMP3, for mycobiome manipulation in planta. We show that VdAMP3 is specifically expressed to ward off fungal niche competitors during resting structure formation in senescing mesophyll tissues. Our findings indicate that effector-mediated microbiome manipulation by plant pathogenic microbes extends beyond bacteria and also concerns eukaryotic members of the plant microbiome. Finally, we demonstrate that fungal pathogens can exploit plant microbiome-manipulating effectors in a life stage–specific manner and that a subset of these effectors has evolved from ancient antimicrobial proteins of fungal ancestors that likely originally functioned in manipulation of terrestrial biota.
Phase-specific pooling of sparse assembly activity by respiration-related brain oscillations

Nasal breathing affects cognitive functions, but it has remained largely unclear how respiration-driven inputs shape information processing in neuronal circuits. Current theories emphasize the role of neuronal assemblies, coalitions of transiently active pyramidal cells, as the core unit of cortical network computations. Here, we show that respiration-related oscillations (RROs) directly pace the activation of neuronal assemblies in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of mice. Neuronal assemblies are more efficiently entrained than single neurons and activate preferentially during the descending phase of RROs. At the same time, overlap between individual assemblies is minimized during descending RRO due to the efficient recruitment of GABAergic neurons by assemblies. Our results thus suggest the RROs support cortical operations by defining time windows of enhanced yet segregated assembly activity.
Contingent-behavior assay system shows zebrafish preference for alcohol is biphasic

Alcohol use disorders are poorly understood, complex, multifactorial phenomena with a very large footprint within the global burden of diseases. Methods to study the development of addiction have primarily focused on contingent behaviors in rodents. Here, we report the development of an accessible, two-choice self-administration zebrafish assay (SAZA). Using this assay, we demonstrated that, while zebrafish avoid higher concentrations of alcohol, they are attracted to low concentrations. Pre-exposure to alcohol did not change this relative preference, and acute exposure to a deterrent decreased self-exposure to preferred concentration. A pigment mutant used in whole-brain imaging studies also displayed a similar relative preference profile but administrated substantially larger volumes of alcohol. The presence of a biphasic response (hormesis) in zebrafish validated a key aspect of vertebrate responses to alcohol. Our findings reveal the underappreciated usefulness of zebrafish in studying the neurogenetics of alcohol addiction and the discovery of novel alcohol deterrents.
Effect of Oxygen Non Stoichiometry and Oxidation State of Transition Elements on High-Temperature Phase Transition in A-Site Deficient La0.95Ni0.6Fe0.4O3-δ Perovskite

In situ high-temperature neutron powder diffraction, dilatometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA) were applied to study crystal structure and phase transformations in A-site deficient nominal composition La0.95Ni0. 6Fe0.4O3−δ with temperature and oxygen partial pressure variation. Neutron diffraction demonstrates that at room temperature the A-site deficient nominal composition La0.95Ni0. 6Fe0.4O3−δ can be represented as a mixture of a stoichiometric phase with perovskite structure and NiO as a secondary phase. At room temperature the perovskite exhibits a rhombohedral structure with space group R3c (167), a = 5.4491(1) A, β = 60.761(1)°, and V = 116.372(3) A3. NiO secondary phase was refined to rhombohedral structure with space group R3m (No. 166), a = 2.9560(5) A, β = 59.99(1)°, and V = 18.260(2) A3. High-temperature phase transformation of the perovskite phase from rhombohedral (R3c) to cubic (Pm3m) symmetry was observed above 550 °C. According to the .
Variability in white matter structure relates to hallucination proneness

Hallucinations are a prominent transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom but are also prevalent in individuals who do not require clinical care. Moreover, persistent psychosis-like experience in otherwise healthy individuals may be related to increased risk to transition to a psychotic disorder. This suggests a common etiology across clinical and non-clinical individuals along a multidimensional psychosis continuum that may be detectable in structural variations of the brain. The current diffusion tensor imaging study assessed healthy individuals to identify possible differences in white matter associated with hallucination proneness (HP). This approach circumvents potential confounds related to medication, hospitalization, and disease progression common in clinical individuals. We determined how HP relates to white matter integrity in selected association, commissural, and projection fiber pathways putatively linked to psychosis. Increased HP was associated with enhanced fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right uncinate fasciculus, the right anterior and posterior arcuate fasciculus, and the corpus callosum. Although FA in cortico-cerebellar pathways revealed no relationship, streamline quantity between the left cerebellum and the right motor cortex positively correlated with HP. These findings support the notion of a psychosis continuum, providing first evidence of structural white matter variability associated with HP in healthy individuals. Furthermore, alterations in the targeted pathways likely indicate an association between HP-related structural variations and the putative salience and attention mechanisms that these pathways subserve.