Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topography and geologic characteristics of aeolian grooves in the south polar layered deposits of Mars

Abstract The topographic and geologic characteristics of grooves and groove-like features in the south polar layered deposits near the Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 landing sites are evaluated using Mariner 9 images and their derived photoclinometry, normalized using Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data. Although both Mariner 9 and Viking images of the south polar layered deposits were available at the time of this study, Mariner 9 images of the grooves were selected because they were generally of higher resolution than Viking images. The dimensions and slopes of the grooves, together with orientations that nearly match the strongest winds predicted in the Martian Global Circulation Model and directions inferred from other wind indicators, suggest that they formed by aeolian scour of an easily erodible surface. Most grooves are symmetric and V-shaped in transverse profile, inconsistent with an origin involving extensional brittle deformation. Although the grooves strike along slopes and terraces of the south polar layered deposits, the variable depths and lack of terracing within the grooves themselves indicate that any stratigraphy in the uppermost 100 m of the polar layered deposits is composed of layers of similar, and relatively low, resistance. The grooves do not represent landing hazards at the scale of the Mariner 9 images (72–86 m/pixel) and therefore probably would not have affected Mars Polar Lander and Deep Space 2, had they successfully reached the surface.
Effect of loudness recruitment on the perception of amplitude modulation

People with hearing loss of cochlear origin usually display loudness recruitment; the rate of growth of loudness level with increasing sound level is greater than for a normally hearing person. Loudness recruitment has usually been studied with steady sounds of relatively long duration. The present study examines how recruitment affects the perception of dynamically varying sounds, namely amplitude modulated sinusoids. The modulation rates used (4, 8, 16, and 32 Hz) were chosen to span the range of the most prominent modulations present in the envelope of speech. Three subjects with unilateral cochlear hearing loss were used. In experiment 1, subjects were required to make loudness matches between 1‐kHz tones presented alternately to the two ears. This was done over a wide range of sound levels. Experiment 2 used 1‐kHz carriers that were amplitude modulated. The modulation was sinusoidal on a dB scale. The modulated tones were presented alternately to the two ears and were approximately equally loud in the two ears. The modulation depth was fixed in one ear, and the subject was required to adjust the modulation depth in the other ear so that the modulation depth appeared equal in the two ears. This was done for a range of modulation depths and with the fixed tone presented to both the normal and the impaired ear. A given modulation depth in the impaired ear was matched by a greater modulation depth in the normal ear. To a first approximation, the modulation‐matching functions were independent of modulation rate. Furthermore, the functions could be predicted reasonably well from the loudness‐matching results of experiment 1, obtained with steady tones. The results are consistent with the idea that loudness recruitment results from the loss of a fast‐acting compressive nonlinearity that operates in the normal peripheral auditory system. Possible implications of the results for the use of fast‐acting compression in hearing aids are discussed.
Plane-wave decomposition of the sound field on a sphere by spherical convolution

Spherical microphone arrays have been recently studied for sound analysis and sound recordings, which have the advantage of spherical symmetry facilitating three-dimensional analysis. This paper complements the recent microphone array design studies by presenting a theoretical analysis of plane-wave decomposition given the sound pressure on a sphere. The analysis uses the spherical Fourier transform and the spherical convolution, where it is shown that the amplitudes of the incident plane waves can be calculated as a spherical convolution between the pressure on the sphere and another function which depends on frequency and the sphere radius. The spatial resolution of plane-wave decomposition given limited bandwidth in the spherical Fourier domain is formulated, and ways to improve the computation efficiency of plane-wave decomposition are introduced. The paper concludes with a simulation example of plane-wave decomposition.
Conservative and non‐conservative arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian forms for ventricular flows

Blood flow through the heart is driven by a complex motion of the endocardial heart wall, where dilation or contraction results in filling and ejection. Boundary‐driven flows of this type are inherently sensitive to conservation principles. Considering the finite element approach to the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) form of the Navier–Stokes equations, we present analysis addressing critical assumptions concerning conservation and numerical approximation which affect the accuracy and stability of ALE schemes for boundary‐driven flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can quasar clouds form in thermal instabilities

Consideration is given to the hypothesis that the broad line-emitting clouds in quasars and Seyfert galaxies form from thermally unstable condensations in a hot cloud-confining medium. A simple model for the radiative cooling rate is described and the magnitude of the initial perturbation needed to form broad-line clouds in quasars is examined. The hydrodynamical evolution of thermally unstable regions in quiescent and expanding hot quasar atmospheres is studied. The results suggest that emission-line clouds are unlikely to arise from thermally unstable condensations in a hotter medium, but are likely to first appear in the broad-line region with densities comparable to or greater than those of typical line-emitting clouds. 18 refs.
Sistem Kendali Fuzzy Bertipe-2 Interval dengan Struktur Adaptif Beracuan Model

Adaptive fuzzy controller is a fuzzy controller that has ability to change its parameters when the plant’s operating conditions vary. In this paper, design and implementation of model reference adaptive fuzzy control are presented. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic controller with PD-like action is employed and its performance is studied. The fuzzy controller structure is applied to control an inverted pendulum. Simulation and experimental study shows that by using similar membership function, fuzzy rules and scaling, interval type-2 adaptive fuzzy logic controller provides better control system performance compared to type-1 fuzzy controller.
Effectiveness of Copper as an Electrode Material on Enhancement of Electrohydrodynamic Drying Process

In the present investigation, enhancement in the drying rate by an AC corona discharge from a single Copper (Cu) needle electrode was evaluated experimentally. The electrode generates corona wind (ionic wind), which impinges on, and eliminates moisture from the surface of a moist test sample. The corona discharge was generated by connecting the needle electrode to an alternating current (AC) power source. The drying sample consisted of 5mm soda lime glass beads saturated with water. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of airflow over the drying samples, which were subjected to the corona discharge. The discharge was regulated, and experiments were conducted with 1 kV increments from the corona inception voltage till the sparkover occurred. Each experiment lasted for at least two hours and fifty minutes. The weight loss in the sample containers and the ambient temperature and relative humidity were all monitored. In each instance, a companion experiment was conducted concurrently. The results show that Copper (Cu) as an electrode material effectively influences the enhancement of an EHD drying process. With low-velocity cross-flow ( ) assisting in the drying enhancement.
The feminist dimensions of food sovereignty: insights from La Via Campesina’s politics

ABSTRACT Expanding and defending women’s rights and eradicating women’s oppression have become key to La Via Campesina and its conceptualization and practice of food sovereignty. In this paper, we analyze how gender equality and feminism have gained momentum within the movement, and how the work on gender issues configures a feminist politics and praxis at the global level. As LVC celebrates its 30th anniversary this year, we examine what difference women’s decades-long struggles have made within the movement, especially since 1996, and how these have shaped the movement’s politics, both organizationally and politically. We argue that women’s activism has contributed to radicalizing food sovereignty with a feminist perspective.
Effect of Mango Leaf Shoot Extract (Mangifera indica L.) on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Cell Regeneration Induced by Hyperglicemia

Abstract. In many cases, diabetics often have difficulty in wound healing and lead to amputation. Hyperglycemia is an early symptom of diabetic which is characterized by high blood glucose levels. Cell regeneration is one of part by wound healing process. Mango plants have benefits as medicinal plants because they have secondary metabolites that can help heal wounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mango leaf shoot extract on blood glucose levels of zebrafish (Danio rerio) hyperglycemia due to alloxan and glucose induction and role of mango leaf shoot extract on zebrafish caudal fin regeneration. This study used an experimental method with 5 group treatments: control group, hyperglycemia, metformin 0,75 w/v, extract 10 µg/ml and extract 20 µg/ml. Parameters observed include blood glucose level, fin length and survival rate. Hyperglycemia was measured by blood glucose level, caudal fin regeneration was analayzed using fin length, also environmental factors and survival rate were measured. Result showed that mango leaf shoot extract 20 µg/ml was efective in reducing blood glucose levels, reaching 68,31% and aproaching metformin 0,75 w/v treatment with a decrease in blood glucose levels reaching 70,1%. Mango leaf shoot extract with concentration 20 µg/ml significantly different (p < 0,05) from hyperglycemia group and extract 10 µg/ml. Extract 20 µg/ml was effective in assisting the regeneration process with an increase caudal fin length reaching 0.94 cm during the treatment period.
A comparison of statistical tests for the adequacy of a neural network regression model

An integral part of econometric practice is to test the adequacy of model specifications. If a model is adequately specified, it should not leave interesting features of the data-generating process in the errors. Despite the common tradition, the importance of diagnostic checking as a safeguard against mis-specification has only recently been recognized by neural network (NN) practitioners, possibly because this type of semi-parametric methodology was not originally designed for economic and financial applications. The purpose of this paper is to compare a number of analytical statistical testing procedures suitable to diagnostic checking on a neural network regression model. We present the standard Lagrange multiplier (LM) testing framework designed under the assumption of identically distributed disturbances and also examine two modifications that are robust to heteroskedasticity in errors. One modification also gives the researcher an opportunity to incorporate information concerning the volatility structure of the data-generating process in the testing procedure. By means of a Monte Carlo simulation, we investigate the performance of these tests under GARCH-type heteroskedasticity in errors and various distributional assumptions. The results show that although the primary concern of the researcher may be to design a regression model that accurately captures relations in the mean of the conditional distribution, developing a good approximation of the underlying volatility structure generally increases the efficiency of tests in detecting non-adequacy of a NN model. †http://fidelity.fme. aegean.gr/decision
Principal Orientation and Generalized Vanish Point Based Road Detection

With the development of road detection related applications, higher performance is required on the accuracy, robustness and time efficiency. Road detection algorithm based on vanishing point estimation has been paid lots attention on for its adaptability when processing complicated situations. However, the existing algorithms based on vanishing point estimation have two shortcomings: 1) unable to handling images with no internal vanishing point, 2) high computational complexity. This paper proposes an improved road detection algorithm based on principal orientation and generalized vanishing point estimation. Proposed method reduce amount of calculation by select effective voting pixels with the principal orientation constraint, and improved the algorithm robustness by handling cases that vanishing point located external of images with the concept of generalized vanishing point. Quantitative and qualitative experiment results donate that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient in road detection. KeywordsRoad Detection; Vanishing Point Estimation; Generalized Vanishing Point; Principal Orientation; Multidimensional Voting Strategy
Genomics of Tenacibaculum Species in British Columbia, Canada

Tenacibaculum is a genus of Gram-negative filamentous bacteria with a cosmopolitan distribution. The research describing Tenacibaculum genomes stems primarily from Norway and Chile due to their impacts on salmon aquaculture. Canadian salmon aquaculture also experiences mortality events related to the presence of Tenacibaculum spp. , yet no Canadian Tenacibaculum genomes are publicly available. Ribosomal DNA sequencing of 16S and four species-specific 16S quantitative-PCR assays were used to select isolates cultured from Atlantic salmon with mouthrot in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Ten isolates representing four known and two unknown species of Tenacibaculum were selected for shotgun whole genome sequencing using the Oxford Nanopore’s MinION platform. The genome assemblies achieved closed circular chromosomes for seven isolates and long contigs for the remaining three isolates. Average nucleotide identity analysis identified T. ovolyticum, T. maritimum, T. dicentrarchi, two genomovars of T. finnmarkense, and two proposed novel species T. pacificus sp. nov. type strain 18-2881-AT and T. retecalamus sp. nov. type strain 18-3228-7BT. Annotation in most of the isolates predicted putative virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, most-notably toxins (i.e., hemolysins), type-IX secretion systems, and oxytetracycline resistance. Comparative analysis with the T. maritimum type-strain predicted additional toxins and numerous C-terminal secretion proteins, including an M12B family metalloprotease in the T. maritimum isolates from BC. The genomic prediction of virulence-associated genes provides important targets for studies of mouthrot disease, and the annotation of the antimicrobial resistance genes provides targets for surveillance and diagnosis in veterinary medicine.
Reliable Provisioning With Degraded Service Using Multipath Routing From Multiple Data Centers in Optical Metro Networks

With the adoption of edge computing, several data centers are available within the footprint of an optical metro network, and contents are replicated in multiple locations. Such a wide content replication offers a unique opportunity to provide better services to users, especially for content-based services, e.g., video delivery. Thus, a service-provisioning scheme can embrace this opportunity to optimize network resource utilization, improve reliability, and achieve lower latency. In this study, we propose a reliable service-provisioning scheme that selects the optimal subset of data centers hosting the desired content and inversely multiplexes a content request over multiple link-disjoint paths. We formulate an integer linear program and develop heuristics for the problem, and use them to solve various complex and realistic network instances. Numerical data show that, compared to conventional service-provisioning schemes such as multipath routing from a single data center or dedicated-path protection, our proposed scheme efficiently utilizes network resources, improves reliability, and reduces latency; hence, it is suitable for the above-mentioned services.
A Lifting-Penalty Method for Quadratic Programming with a Quadratic Matrix Inequality Constraint

In this paper, a lifting-penalty method for solving the quadratic programming with a quadratic matrix inequality constraint is proposed. Additional variables are introduced to represent the quadratic terms. The quadratic programming is reformulated as a minimization problem having a linear objective function, linear conic constraints and a quadratic equality constraint. A majorization–minimization method is used to solve instead a l 1 penalty reformulation of the minimization problem. The subproblems arising in the method can be solved by using the current semidefinite programming software packages. Global convergence of the method is proven under some suitable assumptions. Some examples and numerical results are given to show that the proposed method is feasible and efficient.
Restoration of Activity of Neutralized Biologic Agents by Removal of the Antibody with Papain

It has been found that proteolytic enzymes such as crystalline pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and activated crude papain have no effect on the relatively pure coliphage. The failure of the ribonuclease to inactivate it is in accord with the finding that phage contains only 0.07 per cent of phosphorus and, therefore, probably is not a nucleoprotein. Trypsin and chymotrypsin have been found to have no effect on phage-antibody. Pepsin very slowly, and papain very rapidly, destroy the antiphage. When bacteriophage is neutralized (inactivated) by specific antibody, digestion of this antibody by papain restores the phage-activity. The length of contact of phage with antibody prior to digestion with papain has been found not to affect reactivation. On the other hand, the amount of antibody combined with phage determines the outcome of attempts at reactivation. If phage-particle is combined with just enough antibody to neutralize it, it can be reactivated, while if the phage is overneutralized it cannot be reactivated by digestion with papain. This finding has been explained by the failure of the papain to digest the antibody-molecule completely (as distinct from destroying antibody-function), as indicated by the fact that digested reactivable, as well as unreactivable, mixtures sensitize guinea pigs to rabbit serum, while only the reactivable mixtures stimulate production of antiphage. Botulinal toxin neutralized by antitoxin has been reactivated by papain. The resemblance to phage is even more complete in the fact that overneutralized toxin cannot be reactivated. Free specific polysaccharide may be obtained from specific floccules by digestion with papain. However, pneumococci, even when sensitized with excess of antibody, can infect mice if antibody is digested with papain. The reasons for differences in reactivability of the phage- and toxin-systems on one hand and the pneumococcus on the other have been discussed. It has been found that digested (unreactivated) overneutralized phage does not elicit the production of antiphage, and this fact is discussed in relation to the possible use of neutralized viruses for immunization.
Smoking-Induced Disturbed Sleep. A Distinct Sleep-Related Disorder Pattern?

The relationship between smoking and sleep disorders has not been investigated sufficiently yet. Many aspects, especially regarding non-obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea (OSA)-related disorders, are still to be addressed. All adult patients who visited a tertiary sleep clinic and provided information about their smoking history were included in this cross-sectional study. In total, 4347 patients were divided into current, former and never smokers, while current and former smokers were also grouped, forming a group of ever smokers. Sleep-related characteristics, derived from questionnaires and sleep studies, were compared between those groups. Ever smokers presented with significantly greater body mass index (BMI), neck and waist circumference and with increased frequency of metabolic and cardiovascular co-morbidities compared to never smokers. They also presented significantly higher apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) compared to never smokers (34.4 ± 24.6 events/h vs. 31.7 ± 23.6 events/h, p < 0.001) and were diagnosed more frequently with severe and moderate OSA (50.3% vs. 46.9% and 26.2% vs. 24.8% respectively). Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) (p = 0.13) did not differ between groups. Ever smokers, compared to never smokers, presented more frequent episodes of sleep talking (30.8% vs. 26.6%, p = 0.004), abnormal movements (31.1% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.021), restless sleep (59.1% vs. 51.6%, p < 0.001) and leg movements (p = 0.002) during sleep. Those were more evident in current smokers and correlated significantly with increasing AHI. These significant findings suggest the existence of a smoking-induced disturbed sleep pattern.
Image super-resolution via adaptive filtering and regularization

Image super-resolution (SR) is widely used in the fields of civil and military, especially for the low-resolution remote sensing images limited by the sensor. Single-image SR refers to the task of restoring a high-resolution (HR) image from the low-resolution image coupled with some prior knowledge as a regularization term. One classic method regularizes image by total variation (TV) and/or wavelet or some other transform which introduce some artifacts. To compress these shortages, a new framework for single image SR is proposed by utilizing an adaptive filter before regularization. The key of our model is that the adaptive filter is used to remove the spatial relevance among pixels first and then only the high frequency (HF) part, which is sparser in TV and transform domain, is considered as the regularization term. Concretely, through transforming the original model, the SR question can be solved by two alternate iteration sub-problems. Before each iteration, the adaptive filter should be updated to estimate the initial HF. A high quality HF part and HR image can be obtained by solving the first and second sub-problem, respectively. In experimental part, a set of remote sensing images captured by Landsat satellites are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Experimental results show the outstanding performance of the proposed method in quantitative evaluation and visual fidelity compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
A short review about chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) develops as a result of a clonal process in a pluripotent stem cell. Anemia, granulocytosis, basophilia, thrombocytosis and splenomegaly are some of the symptoms of the condition. According to clinical findings, the illness progresses through three stages, each of which is identified by a rise in number of the blast cells in peripheral blood or bone marrow: chronic (10%), accelerated (10-19%) and acute leukemia-like blast crisis (20%). Most CML cases could be preliminary diagnosed by the presence of splenomegaly in addition to mutation in the BCR-ABL gene as well as complete blood count (CBC) test. Moreover, a bone marrow biopsy can provide a major confirmation of the disease process and staging. Definitive diagnosis of the disease can be either achieved through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or polymerase chain reaction PCR technique.