Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts des dépôts atmosphériques azotés sur la biodiversité et le fonctionnement des pelouses subalpines pyrénéennes

Les depots azotes (DA) mesures a l'etage subalpin des Pyrenees sont compris entre 8 et 15 kg N ha-1 an-1, soit egaux ou superieurs a la charge critique actuellement definie pour ces milieux et superieurs aux estimations fournies par les modeles de chimie-transport. Au cours des soixante dernieres annees, les pelouses subalpines pyreneennes sont devenues plus thermophiles et mesotrophes, plus riches en especes et plus homogenes a l'echelle des Pyrenees. Le changement climatique (CC) et le cumul de DA ont reduit les contraintes abiotiques de ces habitats, favorisant l'installation d'especes moins stress-tolerantes. Ces milieux piegent et conservent efficacement l'azote d'origine atmospherique, meme en contexte de CC. Des effets des DA sont detectables sur la vegetation (%N, biomasse et recouvrement de certains groupes) avant d'etre detectables dans le sol. Ces effets sont plus marques en reponse aux apports domines par l'ammonium plutot que par le nitrate, et sont additifs ou compensatoires avec ceux du CC, mais rarement interactifs.
Attempt to distinguish long-range temporal correlations from the statistics of the increments by natural time analysis.

Self-similarity may originate from two origins: i.e., the process memory and the process' increments "infinite" variance. A distinction is attempted by employing the natural time chi . Concerning the first origin, we analyze recent data on seismic electric signals, which support the view that they exhibit infinitely ranged temporal correlations. Concerning the second, slowly driven systems that emit bursts of various energies E obeying the power-law distribution--i.e., P(E) approximately E(-gamma)--are studied. An interrelation between the exponent gamma and the variance kappa1(identical with - ) is obtained for the shuffled (randomized) data. For real earthquake data, the most probable value of kappa1 of the shuffled data is found to be approximately equal to that of the original data, the difference most likely arising from temporal correlation. Finally, it is found that the differential entropy associated with the probability P(kappa1) maximizes for gamma around gamma approximately 1.6-1.7 , which is comparable to the value determined experimentally in diverse phenomena: e.g., solar flares, icequakes, dislocation glide in stressed single crystals of ice, etc. It also agrees with the b value in the Gutenberg-Richter law of earthquakes. In addition, the case of multiplicative cascades is studied in the natural time domain.
On the renormalized volumes for conformally compact Einstein manifolds

We study the renormalized volume of a conformally compact Einstein manifold. In even dimensions, we derive the analogue of the Chern-Gauss-Bonnet formula incorporating the renormalized volume. When the dimension is odd, we relate the renormalized volume to the conformal primitive of the $Q$-curvature. We show how all the global information come from the Scattering.
Mean-field helicity in random ${\alpha}^{2}$-dynamo twisted flows

Here, an analytical version of numerical results is obtained in case of considering the laminar non-turbulent limit, of a twisted Riemannian thin flux tube. It is shown that the magnetic field is amplified, when electric current helicity and Riemann curvature are both negative. Thus spaces of positive and negative Riemannian curvatures seems to support dynamo action inside the torus, and not only negative Riemannian curvature surfaces as happens in 2D dynamos. New features appear in ${\alpha}^{2}$-dynamo twisted flow, using the approximation of thin tubes flux tubes. These solutions are obtained in the resonant profile of the toroidal and poloidal frequencies modes of the dynamo force-free flow.
Reproducibility Report: Towards Interpreting BERT for Reading Comprehension Based QA

1 In the paper, the authors attempt to understand BERT’s exemplary performance for RCQA tasks by deﬁning each 2 Self-Attention Layer’s role using Integrated Gradients for SQuAD v1.1 and DuoRC SelfRC datasets. After this, they 3 follow through with experiments and analysis to infer how each layer works to predict the answer, based on the context 4 and question. 5
Model Experimentation of the Effect of Gravity on Tectonic Processes

Summary It seems likely that many of the tectonic phenomena in the Earth's crust are generated by processes within the mantle. Our view of such a large-scale tectonic phenomenon as the evolution of orogenic belts consequently ought to reflect on the theorizing of the behaviour of the mantle. The author finds it therefore appropriate to present in this symposium some results from experimental model studies related to the origin of geosynclines and orogens. Some models simulating convection currents in the mantle are also discussed.
Power‐Law Blinking Quantum Dots: Stochastic and Physical Models

We quantify nonergodic and aging behaviors of nanocrystals (or quantum dots) based on stochastic model. Ergodicity breaking is characterized based on time average intensity and time average correlation function, which remain random even in the limit of long measurement time. We argue that certain aspects of nonergodicity can be explained based on a modification of Onsager's diffusion model of an ion pair escaping neutralization. We explain how diffusion models generate nonergodic behavior, namely a simple mechanism is responsible for the breakdown of the standard assumption of statistical mechanics. Data analysis shows that distributions of on and off intervals in the nanocrystal blinking are almost identical, $\psi_{\pm}(\tau)\propto A_{\pm}\tau^{-(1+\alpha_{\pm})}$ with $A_{+}\approx A_{-}$ and $\alpha_{+}\approx\alpha_{-}=\alpha$ and $\alpha\approx0.8$. The latter exponent indicates that a simple diffusion model with $\alpha=0.5$ neglecting the electron-hole Coulomb interaction and/or tunneling, is not sufficient.
The theoretical seismicity of asperity models: an application to the coast of Oaxaca

Summary We solve the statistical-dynamical equations of an asperity model to obtain both the time-dependent seismicity and the stationary seismicity with its associated magnitude-frequency relation. The parameters of the model are chosen to reproduce the seismicity of the Oaxaca region on the western coast of Mexico. The observed enhancement of the seismicity in the high magnitude range is well reproduced, and the calculated b-value of about. 7 is also acceptable. The predicted features of the time-dependent seismicity are as follows: there is an enhancement of the small scale seismicity immediately following a characteristic earthquake. This enhancement approximately doubles the rate of occurrence of small events relative to the stationary values. Both intermediate and characteristic earthquakes present a gap with a subsequent enhancement of the seismicity superior to long term averages. There are strong correlations between the characteristic and intermediate seismicities, indicating that the latter have premonitory value.
Effective Actions near Singularities

We study the heterotic string compactified on K3 × T 2 near the line T = U, where the effective action becomes singular due to an SU(2) gauge symmetry enhancement. By 'integrating in' the light W ± vector multiplets we derive a quantum corrected effective action which is manifestly SU(2) invariant and non-singular. This effective action is found to be consistent with a residual SL(2, Z) quantum symmetry on the line T = U. In an appropriate decompactification limit, we recover the known SU(2) invariant action in five dimensions.
Transit Survey of the Open Cluster M 37 IV : Limit on the Fraction of Stars With Planets as Small as 0 . 3

We present the results of a deep (15 . r . 23), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the intermediate age open cluster M37 (NGC 2099) using the Megacam wide-field mosaic CCD camera on the 6.5m MMT. We do not detect any transiting planets among the ∼ 1450 observed cluster members. We do, however, identify a ∼ 1 RJ candidate planet transiting a ∼ 0.8 M⊙ Galactic field star with a period of 0.77 days. The source is faint (V = 19.85 mag) and has an expected velocity semi-amplitude of K ∼ 220 m/s (M/MJ). We conduct Monte Carlo transit injection and recovery simulations to calculate the 95% confidence upper limit on the fraction of cluster members and field stars with planets as a function of planetary radius and orbital period. Assuming a uniform logarithmic distribution in orbital period, we find that < 1.1%, < 2.7% and < 8.3% of cluster members have 1.0 RJ planets within Extremely Hot Jupiter (EHJ, 0.4 < T < 1.0 day), Very Hot Jupiter (VHJ, 1.0 < T < 3.0 day) and Hot Jupiter (HJ, 3.0 < T < 5.0 day) period ranges respectively. For 0.5 RJ planets the limits are < 3.2%, and < 21% for EHJ and VHJ period ranges, while for 0.35 RJ planets we can only place an upper limit of < 25% on the EHJ period range. For a sample of 7814 Galactic field stars, consisting primarily of FGKM dwarfs, we place 95% upper limits of < 0.3%, < 0.8% and < 2.7% on the fraction of stars with 1.0 RJ EHJ, VHJ and HJ assuming the candidate planet is not genuine. If Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; jhartman@cfa.harvard. edu, mholman@cfa.harvard. edu, bmcleod@cfa.harvard. edu, smeibom@cfa.harvard. edu Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; gaudi@astronomy.ohio-state.edu, pinsono@astronomy.ohio-state.edu, kstanek@astronomy.ohio-state.edu Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; barranco@stars.sfsu. edu University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA, 95060; jkalirai@ucolick.org Hubble Fellow
FIFTY YEARS OF LUMINESCENCE DATING

Luminescence techniques for dating both heated materials (e.g., pottery and burnt stone) and sediments have gone through three phases in the past 50 years. The first 22 years, from 1957 to 1979, were devoted to thermoluminescence (TL) techniques applied to heated material. In the next six years, from 1979 to 1985, it was found that TL dating could be applied to sediments. However, the TL signals of both quartz and feldspar grains observed for modern sediments were small, but were not zero, thus making them useful only for older sediments. A new luminescence signal that was totally zeroed by exposure to sunlight for a relatively short period of time, a few hours or less, was found; this led to the development of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques in 1985. Further developments have continued to the present day. Within the past 22 years, 1999 was also a year with major developments. A reliable procedure for single aliquots of quartz that have a rapidly bleached (‘fast’) OSL component was formalized and an instrument that allowed rapid measurement of equivalent doses for single grains was constructed. These developments have led to OSL becoming a major dating tool in Quaternary geology, at least for the past 100 000 years, and in archaeology, particularly as related to the dispersal of modern humans.
On Influencing the Influential: Disparity Seeding

Online social network platforms have become a crucial medium to disseminate the latest political, commercial, and social information. Users with high visibility are often selected as seeds to spread information and affect their adoption in target groups. The central theme of this paper is to answer how gender differences and similarities can impact the information spreading process. To this end, we first conduct a multi-faceted analysis showing that females do not reach top visibility (often referred to as the glass ceiling effect) via contrasting perspectives on an Instagram dataset: visibility vs. endorsement and network degree vs. interaction intensity, which are mainly discussed independently by the prior art. The analysis is based on two datasets: a large-scale Instagram data and a small-scale Facebook data. We explore various centrality measures, focusing on single hop interactions, i.e., intensity, degree, to multi-hop interactions, i.e., Pagerank, HI-index, and embedding index based on graph neural networks. Our analysis unveils that males and females interact differently depending on the interaction types, e.g., likes or comments on Instagram. Inspired by the observations of gender disparity, we propose a novel seeding framework, namely Disparity seeding, which aims to maximize information spread while reaching a target user group, e.g., a certain percentage of females -- promoting the influence of under-represented groups. An extensive simulation comparison with target-agnostic algorithms shows that the proposed Disparity can disseminate information according to the disparity requirement while effectively maximizing the information spread.
3D Multiple Attenuation of OBC Converted-wave Data Using Wave-equation Multiple Modeling

This paper presents the method and application of 3D wave-equation multiple modeling (WEMM), which is used to remove source-side P-wave multiples from convertedwave data. The process was successfully tested on a North Sea oceanbottom cable (OBC) dataset that suffered from a severe multiple problem due to a dipping seabed and highreflectivity, variable-thickness Balder coal. Based on this example, it is shown that WEMM is more effective than conventional 3D tau-p deconvolution.
Why Hasn’t Earth Warmed as Much as Expected?

The observed increase in global mean surface temperature (GMST) over the industrial era is less than 40% of that expected from observed increases in long-lived greenhouse gases together with the best-estimate equilibrium climate sensitivity given by the 2007 Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Possible reasons for this warming discrepancy are systematically examined here. The warming discrepancy is found to be due mainly to some combination of two factors: the IPCC best estimate of climate sensitivity being too high and/or the greenhouse gas forcing being partially offset by forcing by increased concentrations of atmospheric aerosols; the increase in global heat content due to thermal disequilibrium accounts for less than 25% of the discrepancy, and cooling by natural temperature variation can account for only about 15%. Current uncertainty in climate sensitivity is shown to preclude determining the amount of future fossil fuel CO2 emissions that would be compatible with any chosen maximum allowable increase in GMST; even the sign of such allowable future emissions is unconstrained. Resolving this situation, by empirical determination of the earth’s climate sensitivity from the historical record over the industrial period or through use of climate models whose accuracy is evaluated by their performance over this period, is shown to require substantial reduction in the uncertainty of aerosol forcing over this period.
Iron-vacancy superstructure and possible room-temperature antiferromagnetic order in superconducting Cs

Neutron and x-ray powder and single crystal synchrotron diffraction of CsyFe2−xSe2 show the presence of superstructure reflections with propagation vector k = [ 25 , 1 5 ,1] with respect to the average crystal structure I4/mmm (a ∼ 4, c ∼ 15 Å). The propagation vector star corresponds to the 5 times bigger unit cell given by transformation A = 2a + b, B = −a + 2b, C = c. A solution for the atomic structure is found in the space group I4/m with an ordered pattern of iron vacancies corresponding to the iron deficiency x = 0.29 and Cs stoichiometry y = 0.83. The superstructure satellites are more pronounced in the neutron diffraction patterns suggesting that they can have some magnetic contribution. We have sorted out all possible symmetry adapted magnetic configurations and found that the presence of antiferromagnetic ordering with the ordered magnetic moment of Fe with 2μB does not contradict the experimental data. However, the solutions space is highly degenerate and we cannot choose a specific solution. Instead we propose possible magnetic configurations with the Fe magnetic moments in (ab) plane or along c axis. The superstructure is destroyed above Ts 500 K by a first-order-like transition.
First measurement of (cid:2) 0c production in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV

The production of the charm-strange baryon (cid:2) 0c is measured for the ﬁrst time at the LHC via its semileptonic decay into e + (cid:2) − ν e in pp collisions at √ s = 7 TeV with the ALICE detector. The transverse momentum ( p T ) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 1 < p T < 8 GeV / c at mid-rapidity, | y | < 0 . 5. The transverse momentum dependence of the (cid:2) 0c baryon production relative to the D 0 meson production is compared to predictions of event generators with various tunes of the hadronisation mechanism, which are found to underestimate the measured cross-section ratio. © 2018 The Author(s). the license by 3 .
Scenario-based reservoir modelling: the need for more determinism and less anchoring

Abstract The scenario-based reservoir modelling method places a strong emphasis on the deterministic control of the model design, contrasting with strongly probabilistic approaches in which effort is focused on the ‘richness’ of a geostatistical algorithm to derive multiple stochastic realizations. Scenario-based approaches also differ from traditional ‘rationalist’ modelling, which often involves the construction of only a single, best-guess or base-case model. The advantage of scenario modelling is that there is no requirement to anchor on a preferred, base-case model, and it is argued here that selection of a base case is detrimental to achieving appropriately wide uncertainty ranges. Multiple-deterministic scenario modelling also carries the advantage of maintaining explicit dependency between model parameters and the ultimate model outcome, such as a development plan. The approach has been applied widely to new fields, where multiple deterministic reservoir simulations of a suite of static models can be easily handled. The approach has also been extended to mature fields, in which practical approaches to multiple-history matching are required. Mature field scenario modelling, in particular, illustrates the weaknesses of base-case modelling, and delivers a strong statement on the non-uniqueness of modelling in general. Current issues are the need to develop better methodologies for multiple-history matching, and for linking discrete, deterministic, scenario-based outcomes to probabilistic reporting. Experimental design methods offer a solution to the latter issue, and a simple, practical workflow for its application is described.
Trimming Problems and Remedies in COADS

Abstract The Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) offers the most complete marine surface data collection (1854–1992) currently available for global climate research. In the context of the long-term monitoring of global climate, COADS constitutes an important in situ baseline dataset, considerably extending the presently available decade-long satellite-based datasets. Marine observations of a given ocean location originate from a variable mixture of vessels with different instrumentations, resulting in nontrivial sampling errors. Therefore, careful quality control (QC) is paramount. The final portion of COADS QC—flagging statistical outliers and removing them from the computation of areal averages—is referred to as “trimming” and is of particular concern here. This paper reviews evidence showing that the trimming of COADS in Release 1 and interim releases was unnecessarily restrictive. Trimming not only eliminated obvious outliers but also a relatively large fraction of realistic observations, .
Cyclic loading response of Fraser River sand for validation of numerical models simulating centrifuge tests

Cyclic loading response o f Fraser River sand was investigated using the U B C direct simple shear (DSS) device as input to numerical simulation o f centrifuge physical models. A simple air-pluviation method was developed to reconstitute laboratory sand samples replicating the soil fabric anticipated in centrifuge specimens. Constant-volume (undrained) tests were conducted with and without initial static shear stress condition at loose and dense density states. While the observed trends in mechanical response were similar, the loose airpluviated samples were more susceptible to liquefaction under cyclic loading than their water-pluviated counterparts. The differences arising from the two sample re-constitution methods can be attributed to the differences in particle structure, clearly highlighting the importance of fabric effects in the assessment of the mechanical response of sands. Densification due to increasing confining stress (stress densification) significantly increased the cyclic resistance of loose air-pluviated sand with strong implications in relation to the interpretation of observations from centrifuge testing. This effect, however, was not prominent in the case of water-pluviated or dense samples. The initial static shear stresses reduce the cyclic shear resistance of loose air-pluviated sand in simple shear loading, in contrast to the increase in resistance reported based on data from triaxial testing. Dense sands indicated a increase in cyclic resistance in the presence of initial static shear stress. Previous cyclic loadings generating high excess pore water pressures (or significant shear strains) reduced the liquefaction resistance of sand against future cyclic loading, while
Spectral Learning of Hidden Markov Models with Group Persistence

In this paper, we develop a general Method of Moments (MoM) based parameter estimation framework for Switching Hidden Markov Model (SHMM) variants. The main obstacle for deriving a straightforward MoM algorithm for these models is the inherent permutation ambiguity in the parameter estimation, which causes the parameters of individual HMM groups to get mixed. We show that, as long as a global transition matrix has a group persistence property, it is possible to isolate the group parameters using a spectral de-permutation approach. We also provide a noise bound on the eigenvalues of the recovered transition matrix. We do experiments on synthetic data which shows the accuracy and the computational advantage of the proposed approach. We also perform a segmentation experiment on saxophone note sequences.
Dynamical Reduction of the Dimensionality of Exchange Interactions and the “ Spin-Liquid ” Phase of κ-ð BEDT-TTF Þ 2 X

and the “Spin-Liquid” Phase of κ-ðBEDT-TTFÞ2X B. J. Powell, E. P. Kenny, and J. Merino School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain (Received 19 April 2017; revised manuscript received 23 June 2017; published 25 August 2017)