Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Multi-joint Eccentric Training on Muscle Function When Combined With Aquatic Plyometric Training: A Minimal Dose, Mixed Training Study

Objectives: To examine the effects of a combined eccentric overload and aquatic-based plyometric training program on muscle function/performance measures and soreness versus an eccentric-only training protocol using a minimal dose training paradigm. Methods: Twenty-five participants were randomized into either an eccentric-only training group (ECC) or a combined eccentric and aquatic plyometric group (ECC + AQP). The ECC group performed eccentric training once per week for 6-weeks while the ECC + AQP group performed the same eccentric training but with an additional aquatic plyometric training session. Results: There was no group ´ trial interactions for any of the variables. However, the training elicited large improvements in eccentric strength in both ECC (27%; ES = 1.33) and ECC+AQP (17%; ES = .86) groups. Isometric strength improved moderately for ECC and ECC+AQP groups (17.2%, ES = .53;9%, ES = .45). A moderate increase was observed for depth jump height for both ECC and ECC+AQP groups (13.1%, ES = .48;8.8%, ES = .36). No changes were observed for countermovement jump or sprint time and muscle soreness did not differ between groups. Conclusions: Minimal dose multi-joint eccentric overload training improved strength and depth jump outcomes after 6-weeks regardless of the training condition but adding a minimal dose aquatic plyometric protocol does not improve muscle function-based outcomes.
Ovarian sex steroid and epithelial control of immune responses in the uterus and oviduct: human and animal models

Abstract The female reproductive tract (FRT), including the uterus and oviduct (Fallopian tube), is responsible for maintaining an optimal microenvironment for reproductive processes, such as gamete activation and transportation, sperm capacitation, fertilization, and early embryonic and fetal development. The mucosal surface of the FRT may be exposed to pathogens and sexually transmitted microorganisms due to the opening of the cervix during mating. Pathogens and endotoxins may also reach the oviduct through the peritoneal fluid. To maintain an optimum reproductive environment while recognizing and killing pathogenic bacterial and viral agents, the oviduct and uterus should be equipped with an efficient and rigorously controlled immune system. Ovarian sex steroids can affect epithelial cells and underlying stromal cells, which have been shown to mediate innate and adaptive immune responses. This, in turn, protects against potential infections while maintaining an optimal milieu for reproductive events, highlighting the homeostatic involvement of ovarian sex steroids and reproductive epithelial cells. This article will discuss how ovarian sex steroids affect the immune reactions elicited by the epithelial cells of the non-pregnant uterus and oviduct in the bovine, murine, and human species. Finally, we propose that there are regional and species-specific differences in the immune responses in FRT.
Correlation between maximum heart distance and thoracic diameter changes and diaphragmatic descent in left-sided breast cancer patients during deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH)

Abstract Background Cardioprotection is valued in radiotherapy for patients with left-sided breast cancer. Deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) technique can achieve cardioprotection well. However, during DIBH, the extent to which the heart enters the radiation field is affected by the movement of the thorax and diaphragm. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the maximum distance of the heart entering the field (maximum heart distance, MHD) and thoracic diameter changes and diaphragmatic descent in left-sided breast cancer patients during DIBH. Patients and methods Ninety-eight patients with left-sided breast cancer were included in this retrospective study. They performed simulation in Sentinel-guided DIBH, and two sets of CT images were collected under both free breathing (FB) and DIBH, and diaphragm positions, anteroposterior thoracic diameter (ATD), transverse thoracic diameter (TTD), gating window level (GWL), and MHD were measured, and the change (Δ) of each parameter in DIBH relative to that in FB were calculated. Pearson or Spearman test were used to analyze the correlation between ΔMHD and the changes in other parameters. Results For all patients with DIBH, the average of ΔMHD was −8.3 mm, and the average of ΔATD and ΔTTD were 11.0 and 8.6 mm, and the median of both left diaphragmatic descent (LDD) and right diaphragmatic descent (RDD) were 35.0 mm, and the median of GWL was 11.1 mm. The correlation coefficients between MHD decrease (ΔMHD) and LDD, RDD, and ΔTTD were −0.430 (p = 0.000), −0.592 (p = 0.000) and 0.208 (p = 0.040), respectively, but not significantly correlated with ΔATD or GWL. Conclusions The MHD decrease showed a moderate correlation with diaphragmatic descent In Sentinel-guided DIBH for patients with left-sided breast cancer, while there was a weak or no correlation with thoracic diameter changes or GWL. Abdominal breathing can lower diaphragm more and may be more beneficial to the heart stay away from tangential field.
Structural characterization and origin of surface vesicles in monocytes: another membranous pathway from cytoplasm to cell surface

ABSTRACT The monocytes in acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5b) were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) to understand more fully their structure and origin. By SEM, monocytes exhibited localized expansions of the surface, some of which appeared to bud off as surface vesicles (SVs). Filopodial processes and pseudopodia were also present. TEM demonstrated that the SVs were composed of a double-membrane at the pole away from the cell body, and a single membrane nearer to the cell body. In the peripheral cytoplasm, intracellular vesicles (IVs) had the appearance of vacuoles and were enclosed by single membranes. Most SVs were characterized by a notch as a rER edge and an expanded head. Filopodial processes had the same thickness of 40 nm as the SV walls, which suggested a close developmental relationship between the two. Pseudopodia between SVs were irregular in size. Rod-like rER cisternae were prominent in the peripheral cytoplasm and some showed a close physical juxtaposition as to suggest a transition from rER to IVs to SVs. Ultrastructural cytochemistry demonstrated activity of 5’-nucleotidase over rER, SVs, filopodial processes and pseudopodia, and a patchy reaction over other areas of plasma membrane. Overall, the results indicated that rER transforms into SVs, filopodial processes and pseudopodia, as a way of integrating cytoplasmic membranes into the plasma membrane.
Assessment of Daily Exposure to Organophosphate Esters through PM2.5 Inhalation, Dust Ingestion, and Dermal Contact

Inhalation of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5), dust ingestion, and dermal contact with dust are important pathways for human exposure to different contaminants, such as organophosphate esters (OPE), compounds that are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers. There are limited studies assessing the extent of the contamination of OPE in indoor airborne PM2.5. This study offers a novel approach by examining various indoor environments, such as homes, workplaces, and means of transport, where people typically spend their daily lives. The goal is to provide a comprehensive assessment of daily exposure to these pollutants. Both PM2.5 and dust samples were collected in order to determine the concentration levels of 17 different OPEs. Fifteen OPEs in PM2.5 and 16 in dust samples were detected. Concentration levels in indoor air ranged from 4.37 to 185 ng/m3 (median 24.4 ng/m3) and from 3.02 to 36.9 μg/g for the dust samples (median 10.2 μg/g). Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of OPEs were calculated for adults, yielding median values of 3.97 ng/(kg bw × day) for EDIInhalation, 5.89 ng/(kg bw × day) for EDIDermal, and 1.75 ng/(kg bw × day) for EDIIngestion. Such levels lie below human health threshold risk limits, although in some cases they could be only 2 times below the threshold for carcinogenic risk, with a main contribution from tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). Given this threshold proximity, additional exposure to these chemicals from other pathways, such as food ingestion, gas phase exposure, and/or inhalation of coarser particles (PM10–2.5), could therefore lead to health limit exceedances.
The Mw 7.7 Tocopilla Earthquake of 14 November 2007 at the Southern Edge of the Northern Chile Seismic Gap: Rupture in the Deep Part of the Coupled Plate Interface

The slip distribution of the Mw 7.7 Tocopilla earthquake was obtained from the joint inversion of teleseismic and strong-motion data. Rupture occurred as underthrusting at the base of the seismically coupled plate interface, mainly between 35 and 50 km depth. From the hypocenter, located below the coast 25 km south of the town of Tocopilla, the rupture propagated 50 km northward and 100 km southward. Overall, the slip distribution was dominated by two slip patches, one near the hypo- center and the other 70 km to the south where slip reached its maximum value (3 m). An additional branch of moderate slip propagated at shallower depth toward the west near the northern tip of the Mejillones peninsula. Rupture velocity remained close to 2:8 km=sec, with a total rupture duration of 45 sec. The first 2 weeks of aftershocks located with a local seismic network display a strong correlation with the slip distri- bution. The 2007 rupture ended below the Mejillones peninsula, where the 1995 An- tofagasta rupture also ended (Ruegg et al., 1996; Delouis et al., 1997; Pritchard et al., 2006). This corroborates the role of barrier played by this structure. The downdip end of the seismically coupled zone at 50 km depth, evidenced by previous studies for the 1995 event, is also confirmed. The 2007 Tocopilla earthquake contributed only mod- erately to the rupturing of the great northern Chile seismic gap, which still has the capacity for generating a much larger underthrusting event.
TRIM26 restricts Epstein–Barr virus infection in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells through K48‐linked ubiquitination of HSP‐90β

The tripartite interaction motif (TRIM) family of proteins is known for their antiviral activity through different mechanisms, such as interfering with viral components, regulating immune responses, and participating in autophagy‐mediated defense pathways. In this study, we investigated the role of tripartite interaction motif 26 (TRIM26), which is encoded by a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene, in regulating Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection of nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. We found that TRIM26 expression was induced upon EBV infection and that it indirectly targeted EphA2, a crucial epithelial receptor for EBV entry. Our results showed that TRIM26 interacted with heat shock protein 90‐beta (HSP‐90β) and promoted its polyubiquitination, which led to its degradation via the proteasome pathway. This, in turn, affected EphA2 integrity and suppressed EBV infection. These findings suggest that TRIM26 could be a valuable target for developing therapeutic interventions against EBV infection and its associated pathogenesis.
Ensemble rainfall forecasting with numerical weather prediction and radar‐based nowcasting models

The overall objective of this study is to improve the forecasting accuracy of the precipitation in the Singapore region by means of both rainfall forecasting and nowcasting. Numerical Weather Predication (NWP) and radar‐based rainfall nowcasting are two important sources for quantitative precipitation forecast. In this paper, an attempt to combine rainfall prediction from a high‐resolution mesoscale weather model and a radar‐based rainfall model was performed. Two rainfall forecasting methods were selected and examined: (i) the weather research and forecasting model (WRF); and (ii) a translation model (TM). The WRF model, at a high spatial resolution, was run over the domain of interest using the Global Forecast System data as initializing fields. Some heavy rainfall events were selected from data record and used to test the forecast capability of WRF and TM. Results obtained from TM and WRF were then combined together to form an ensemble rainfall forecasting model, by assigning weights of 0.7 and 0.3 weights to TM and WRF, respectively. This paper presented results from WRF and TM, and the resulting ensemble rainfall forecasting; comparisons with station data were conducted as well. It was shown that results from WRF are very useful as advisory of anticipated heavy rainfall events, whereas those from TM, which used information of rain cells already appearing on the radar screen, were more accurate for rainfall nowcasting as expected. The ensemble rainfall forecasting compares reasonably well with the station observation data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing Extreme Phenotypes for Perceived Improvement From Treatment in Persons With Chronic Pain Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project

Objective: To define and characterize extreme phenotypes based on perceived improvement in pain for persons with chronic pain following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: Eighteen Traumatic Brain Injury Model System (TBIMS) Centers. Participants: A total of 1762 TBIMS participants 1 to 30 years post-injury reporting chronic pain at their most recent follow-up interview. Primary Measures: The Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) related to pain treatment. Sociodemographic, injury, functional outcome, pain, and pain treatment characteristics. Results: Participants were mostly male (73%), White (75%), middle-aged (mean 46 years), injured in motor vehicle accidents (53%), or falls (20%). Extreme phenotypes were created for an extreme improvement phenotype (n = 512, 29.8%) defined as “moderately better” or above on the PGIC and an extreme no-change group (n = 290, 16.9%) defined as no change or worse. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression combined with logistic regression identified multivariable predictors of improvement versus no-change extreme phenotypes. Higher odds of extreme improvement phenotype were significantly associated with being female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85), married versus single (OR = 2.02), better motor function (OR = 1.03), lower pain intensity (OR = 0.78), and less frequent pain, especially chest pain (OR = 0.36). Several pain treatments were associated with higher odds of being in the extreme improvement versus no-change phenotypes including pain medication (OR = 1.85), physical therapy (OR = 1.51), yoga (OR = 1.61), home exercise program (OR = 1.07), and massage (OR = 1.69). Conclusion: Investigation of extreme phenotypes based on perceived improvement with pain treatment highlights the ability to identify characteristics of individuals based on pain treatment responsiveness. A better understanding of the biopsychosocial characteristics of those who respond and do not respond to pain treatments received may help inform better surveillance, monitoring, and treatment. With further research, the identification of risk factors (such as pain intensity and frequency) for treatment response/nonresponse may provide indicators to prompt changes in care for individuals with chronic pain after TBI.
Path tracking of unmanned surface vehicle based on improved adaptive sliding mode control algorithm

Aiming at the path tracking problem of unmanned surface vehicle, a sliding mode control algorithm enhanced with adaptive control technology is proposed. Adaptive control technology is used to predict the boundary value of unknown external environment interference. In order to improve the robustness of the system and the convergence rate of path tracking, the optimization algorithm is designed based on the hyperbolic tangent function control reaching law. A new double power combination function is proposed as the control law to design the sliding mode control algorithm to control the forward and steering of unmanned surface vehicle. The chattering phenomenon caused by sliding mode control is solved effectively and the convergence speed of path tracking is improved. The curve fitting method is utilized to realize the effective tracking of any planned flight path. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive sliding mode control algorithm is able to ensure unmanned surface vehicle track the upper reference path accurately under the time-varying disturbance of wind, waves and currents. In additional, the adaptive sliding mode control algorithm embedded an approach control law, called new double power function, is confirmed that has strong robustness and fast convergence rate of path tracking.
Does ENSO Force the PNA

Abstract The primary effect of El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is to force distinct midlatitude patterns, and not only to modify the probability of the internal variability patterns [such as the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern of Wallace and Gutzler]. Both the spatial structure and probability distribution of the external ENSO pattern are distinct from the PNA pattern. Ensemble general circulation model (GCM) integrations for 30 winters have been analyzed in the Pacific–North America region. These winters span the recent period of 1981/82 through 1998/99, plus 12 earlier winters; the entire dataset includes six El Nino (warm) and seven La Nina (cold) events. The ensemble size is nine simulations. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is carried out for all GCMs and observed seasonal means, for the GCM ensemble means, and for the GCM deviations about the ensemble means. EOF-1 of the GCM 200-hPa height (Z) ensemble mean agrees well with EOF-1 of all GC.
SF6 plasma-assisted Au nanostructure formation for LSPR sensing

LSPR sensing applications benefit from well-crafted nanostructures. Current methods, using RTA on a thin metal film, result in random distribution and size variation. We introduce SF6 plasma surface treatment with ICP-RIE before Au deposition, altering surface affinity to improve gold nanostructure formation. Contact angle measurement verified treatment effectiveness. AFM and SEM examined the nanostructure after fabrication. The absorption spectrum comparison confirmed plasma-treated substrates exhibited enhanced absorptive characteristics for LSPR sensing.
Incorporating non-intrusive load monitoring into the residential electrical vehicle identification

The extensive penetration of residential electric vehicles (EVs) has brought huge challenges to the operation of power grids. Recognizing the EV charging patterns and behaviors of residential EVs can help utilities operators make reasonable scheduling strategies for balancing power supply and consumption. In this paper, recent state-of-the-art deep learning models applied to load disaggregation are used to recognize charging patterns and behaviors of residential EVs. In addition, we propose a novel sequence-to-sequence model which is constructed by seven convolutional layers and extra two dense layers. And it can provide improved EV power consumption profiles for utility and users. Performance of proposed method has been validated using real data measured from several residential charging stations. Applicability of our proposed methodology has been confirmed by assessment results owing to its satisfactory precision. Besides, a comparative analysis has been made to demonstrate its effectiveness with regard to the disaggregation performance.
Deep network for underwater image enhancement inspired by physical imaging model

Abstract. Underwater images often suffer from problems such as low contrast, color distortion, and blurred details, which have a negative impact on subsequent image processing tasks. To mitigate such problems, we propose an algorithm that combines an underwater physical imaging model with a convolutional neural network. The physical imaging model has two important types of parameters: background scattering parameters and direct transmission parameters. For the background scattering parameters, we divide them into three levels, which are primary information, secondary information, and advanced information, and design three subnetworks for feature extraction to represent them. For the direct transmission parameters, we decompose them into two levels, which are shallow transmission information and deep transmission information, and also design two subnetworks to indicate them. Experimental results show that, compared with other enhancement algorithms, the proposed algorithm can not only effectively correct the color deviation and enhance the object edges and texture details but also can obtain superior values of objective evaluation metrics in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, underwater color image quality evaluation, and underwater image quality measure.
Betweenness centrality approximation in large networks using shortest paths approximation and adaptive sampling

Betweenness centrality is a measure of node importance in networks, but conventional exact algorithms require a lot of time as the network size grows dramatically. This paper aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of betweenness centrality computation for network nodes. We propose an algorithm based on shortest path approximation and adaptive sampling. The algorithm first selects high-quality seed nodes according to degree, then approximates shortest paths, and finally chooses appropriate samples to approximate betweenness centrality. We conduct experiments on 5 different datasets, and the results show that our algorithm outperforms the baseline algorithms in terms of sample size and running time. Our algorithm not only reduces the computational cost effectively, but also guarantees the computational accuracy.
Analysis of target recognition technology for autonomous underwater robot

When underwater autonomous robots operate underwater, sonar technology plays an important role. Firstly, the problems active and passive sonar face when applied to underwater target detection and their solutions are introduced. Secondly, the multipath effect and Doppler effect caused by the transmission distance more significant than the water depth, underwater environmental noise, and the relative displacement of the transmitting and receiving nodes during the underwater sonar transmission are introduced, and the corresponding solutions are listed. Thirdly, the development and application of the two-stage detection RCNN series and single-stage detection YOLO series in object recognition are introduced. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the above methods are summarized and discussed as the future development direction prospects.