Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confronting models with cosmic perturbations: Cosmological perturbations in earliest and latest stages

This thesis exemplifies the many possibilities that are to be explored, relating cosmic perturbations to theoretical models of the universe. Today we observe cosmic perturbations in several ways. The two ways that are under consideration in this thesis, are the temperature anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and distribution of matter in the universe, in the form of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. If the universe started out as a truly homogeneous and isotropic plasma of matter and radiation, as we know it on earth, embedded in a space time described by general relativity, then the universe would still be homogeneous and isotropic today. In other words, cosmic perturbations would not exist. Yet we observe them. The, for now, most plausible explanation for the origin of these perturbations is the paradigm of inflation. In this thesis we demonstrate new tools for probing inflation. We have gone beyond previously developed analytical approximations, and obtained the most consistent, most reliable and most unprejudiced constraints on the inflaton potential to date. Once the cosmic perturbations exist, their evolution continues. The CMB is created with an imprint of the cosmic perturbations as they evolved up to the time of decoupling of the CMB. Beyond that moment, the CMB photons freely travel through the universe, yet still weakly interact with the perturbations they travel through. We have shown that this secondary effect can be used to tighten constraints on the total mass of the neutrino. We have also shown that this secondary effect points out a weakness of a class of cosmologies in which the inhomogeneity of the universe is related to the apparent acceleration of the expansion of the universe: the Swiss-Cheese universe. In this thesis, the Swiss-Cheese model is ruled out in its present form. Altogether, cosmic perturbations are a rich source of information on the physics of the universe.
La méthode LS-STAG : une nouvelle approche de type Frontière Immergée / Level-Set pour le calcul d'écoulements visqueux incompressibles en géométries complexes

: This paper concerns the development of a new Cartesian grid / immersed boundary (IB) method for the computation of incompressible viscous ﬂows in irregular geometries. In IB methods, the irregular boundary is not aligned with the computational grid, and of upmost importance for accuracy and stability is the discretization in cells which are cut by the boundary, the so-called “cut-cells”. In this paper, we present a progress report on a new ﬁnite volume discretization where the irregular boundary is implicitly represented by its signed distance function (the level-set function). With the help of level-set calculus tools, we are able to preserve the Cartesian structure of the discretized Navier-Stokes equations in the cut-cells. The resulting discrete systems are efﬁciently solved with a black box multigrid solver for structured grids. The method is validated for the circular cylinder ﬂow at low Reynolds number.
Modification of the Structure and Linear/Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of PVA/Chitosan Blend through CuO Doping for Eco-Friendly Applications

The solution casting technique is utilized to fabricate blank and CuO-doped polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) blends for eco-friendly applications. The structure and surface morphologies of prepared samples were explored by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. FT-IR analysis reveals the incorporation of CuO particles within the PVA/CS structure. SEM analysis exposes the well-dispersion of CuO particles in the host medium. The linear/nonlinear optical characteristics were found on the basis of UV-visible-NIR measurements. The transmittance of the PVA/CS decreases upon CuO increasing to 20.0 wt%. The optical bandgap (Eg dir./Eg ind.) decreases from 5.38/4.67 eV (blank PVA/CS) to 3.72/3.12 eV (20.0 wt% CuO-PVA/CS). An obvious improvement in the optical constants of the PVA/CS blend is achieved by CuO doping. The Wemple-DiDomenico (WDD) and Sellmeier oscillator models were utilized to examine the CuO role dispersion behavior of the PVA/CS blend. The optical analysis shows clear enrichment of the optical parameters of the PVA/CS host. The novel findings in the current study nominate CuO-doped PVA/CS films for applications in linear/nonlinear optical devices.
Magnetic Signatures and Magnetization Mechanisms for Grinding Burns Detection and Evaluation

Grinding thermal damages, commonly called grinding burns occur when the grinding energy generates too much heat. Grinding burns modify the local hardness and can be a source of internal stress. Grinding burns will shorten the fatigue life of steel components and lead to severe failures. A typical way to detect grinding burns is the so-called nital etching method. This chemical technique is efficient but polluting. Methods based on the magnetization mechanisms are the alternative studied in this work. For this, two sets of structural steel specimens (18NiCr5-4 and X38Cr-Mo16-Tr) were metallurgically treated to induce increasing grinding burn levels. Hardness and surface stress pre-characterizations provided the study with mechanical data. Then, multiple magnetic responses (magnetic incremental permeability, magnetic Barkhausen noise, magnetic needle probe, etc.) were measured to establish the correlations between the magnetization mechanisms, the mechanical properties, and the grinding burn level. Owing to the experimental conditions and ratios between standard deviation and average values, mechanisms linked to the domain wall motions appear to be the most reliable. Coercivity obtained from the Barkhausen noise, or magnetic incremental permeability measurements, was revealed as the most correlated indicator (especially when the very strongly burned specimens were removed from the tested specimens list). Grinding burns, surface stress, and hardness were found to be weakly correlated. Thus, microstructural properties (dislocations, etc.) are suspected to be preponderant in the correlation with the magnetization mechanisms.
The Effect of Buckwheat Resistant Starch on Intestinal Physiological Function

Resistant starch appears to have promising effects on hypertension, cardiovascular and enteric illness. The influence of resistant starch on intestinal physiological function has drawn great attention. In this study, we first analyzed the physicochemical characteristics, including the crystalline properties, amylose content, and anti-digestibility among different types of buckwheat-resistant starch. The influence of resistant starch on the physiological functions of the mouse intestinal system, contained defecation, and intestinal microbes were also evaluated. The results showed that the crystalline mold of buckwheat-resistant starch changed from A to B + V after acid hydrolysis treatment (AHT) and autoclaving enzymatic debranching treatment (AEDT). The amylose content in AEDT was higher than in AHT and raw buckwheat. Moreover, the anti-digestibility of AEDT was also stronger than that in AHT and raw buckwheat. The buckwheat-resistant starch can promote bowel intestinal tract movement. The quantity of intestinal microbe was regulated by buckwheat-resistant starch. Our research demonstrates an effective preparation method for improving the quality of buckwheat-resistant starch and found that buckwheat-resistant starch has the role of adjusting the distribution of the intestinal flora and maintaining the health of the body.
Graph Neural Network-Based Efficient Subgraph Embedding Method for Link Prediction in Mobile Edge Computing

Link prediction is critical to completing the missing links in a network or to predicting the generation of new links according to current network structure information, which is vital for analyzing the evolution of a network, such as the logical architecture construction of MEC (mobile edge computing) routing links of a 5G/6G access network. Link prediction can provide throughput guidance for MEC and select appropriate c nodes through the MEC routing links of 5G/6G access networks. Traditional link prediction algorithms are always based on node similarity, which needs predefined similarity functions, is highly hypothetical and can only be applied to specific network structures without generality. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new efficient link prediction algorithm PLAS (predicting links by analysis subgraph) and its GNN (graph neural network) version PLGAT (predicting links by graph attention networks) based on the target node pair subgraph. In order to automatically learn the graph structure characteristics, the algorithm first extracts the h-hop subgraph of the target node pair, and then predicts whether the target node pair will be linked according to the subgraph. Experiments on eleven real datasets show that our proposed link prediction algorithm is suitable for various network structures and is superior to other link prediction algorithms, especially in some 5G MEC Access networks datasets with higher AUC (area under curve) values.
A Plastid RNA Polymerase-Associated Protein Is Involved in Early Chloroplast Development in Rice

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) regulates the expression of chloroplast genes involved in photosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. The PEP-associated protein (PAP) PAP7/pTAC14 is essential for the formation of the PEP complex. However, the function of PAP7 in chloroplast development in rice remains unclear. In this study, we identified a mutant, w81, which displays a yellow-green leaf symptom before the four-leaf stage. The seedlings of the w81 mutant display reduced chlorophyll content, abnormal chloroplast structure, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. After the four-leaf stage, plant leaves of the w81 mutant gradually turn green with increased chlorophyll content. Map-based cloning reveals that the PAP7 in the w81 mutant harbors a T to A single-base substitution. This mutation blocks the normal splicing of the fifth intron and generates 74 bp longer transcripts in the mutant. The OsPAP7 protein mainly localizes to the chloroplast and directly interacts with OsPAP5. Our results highlight that OsPAP7 regulates the expression of PEP-dependent chloroplast genes and plays a key role in chloroplast development in rice.
Corresponding Block Based Graph Construction for Locality Preserving Projection

Locality Preserving Projection (LPP) is a typical method of neighbor graph based dimensionality reduction algorithm. So, graph construction plays a key role on the performance of LPP. The original samples were transformed into their vectorial form by the traditional graph construction method before calculate k-nearest neighbors of each samples, which will lost Sample's inner structure information. In this paper, we proposed a new graph construction approach which called Corresponding Block (CB) Based Neighbor Graph Construction Method, and we named the so constructed graph as Corresponding Block Based Graph (CBG). Our new method divided each sample matrix into several blocks and base on corresponding blocks to determine neighbors of each sample, which can well preserve samples' intrinsic structural information and has the ability of non-uniform illumination immunity in some extent. Then, we incorporate CBG into the state-of-art dimensionality algorithm: LPP, and developed a new algorithm called CBG-LPP. To evaluate CBG-LPP, several experiments were conducted on three well-known face databases and achieved satisfactory results.
EFFECTIVE ENERGY RECOMPUTATION FOR LOW AUTOCORRELATION BINARY SEQUENCE PROBLEM

This paper deals with finding low autocorrelation binary sequences which is a hard combinatorial optimization problem. Recent developments in this area analyzed, in order to understand characteristics of a problem. Emphasis is put on effective energy recomputation operators. Different types of these operators are tested to achieve full picture of LABS solvers development process. It is shown that latest state-of-the-art metaheuristics in fact all based on simplest Tabu Search framework, achieving performance boost by means of energy recomputation operators' optimization. In this paper we construct variation of memetic algorithmincorporating latest developments to reach higher performance than it's original. Comparison to a state- of-the-art TSv7 approach completed on instances with known optimums as well as on some unsolved larger ones. It is concluded that these approaches shows similar performance as they both have the same built-in heuristic. As further research proposed a comparison of different metaheuristic frameworks applied to this problem.
Anomalous absorption in c-C3H and c-C3D radicals

Context. The c -C 3 H radical was first detected in TMC-1 by Yamamoto et al. (1987, ApJ, 322, L55), who observed the 2 12 $\rightarrow$ 1 11 transition at 91.5 GHz in emission. Mangum & Wootten (1990, A&A, 239, 319) observed the 1 10 $\rightarrow$ 1 11 transition at 14.8 GHz in emission in 12 additional galactic objects. Aims. The aim of this investigation is a quantitative estimate of relative line intensities under NLTE conditions. Methods. For wide ranges of physical parameters, where these molecules may be found, we have solved a set of statistical equilibrium equations coupled with the equations of radiative transfer in an on-the-spot approximation. For c -C 3 H, we accounted for 51 energy levels connected by 207 radiative transitions, and for c -C 3 D, we accounted for 51 energy levels connected by 205 radiative transitions. Results. Our results show that the 3 31 $\rightarrow$ 3 30 transition of c -C 3 H and c -C 3 D may be found in absorption against the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Furthermore, we found population inversion for the 1 10 $\rightarrow$ 1 11 transition. These findings may be useful in identifying these molecules in other cosmic objects, as well as for the determination of physical parameters in these objects.
Thermal Effect on Heat Shock Protein 70 Family to Prevent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a chaperone protein induced by various stresses on cells and is involved in various disease mechanisms. In recent years, the expression of HSP70 in skeletal muscle has attracted attention for its use as a prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and as a disease marker. We have previously reported the effect of thermal stimulation targeted to skeletal muscles and skeletal muscle-derived cells. In this article, we reported review articles including our research results. HSP70 contributes to the improvement of insulin resistance as well as chronic inflammation which are underlying pathologies of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Thus, induction of HSP70 expression by external stimulation such as heat and exercise may be useful for ASCVD prevention. It may be possible to induce HSP70 by thermal stimulus in those who have difficulty in exercise because of obesity or locomotive syndrome. It requires further investigation to determine whether monitoring serum HSP70 concentration is useful for ASCVD prevention.
Machining of Triangular Holes in D2 Steel by the Use of Non-Conventional Electrodes in Die-Sinking Electric Discharge Machining

Electric discharge machining is relatively a slow process in terms of machining time and material removal rate. The presence of overcut and the hole taper angle caused by the excessive tool wear are other challenges in the electric discharge machining die-sinking process. The areas of focus to solve these challenges in the performance of electric discharge machines include increasing the rate of material removal, decreasing the rate of tool wear, and reducing the rate of hole taper angle and overcut. Triangular cross-sectional through-holes have been produced in D2 steel through die-sinking electric discharge machining (EDM). Conventionally, the electrode with uniform triangular cross-section throughout the electrode length is used to machine triangular holes. In this study, new designs of electrodes (non-conventional designs) are employed by introducing circular relief angles. For material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), overcut, taper angle, and surface roughness of the machined holes, the machining performance of conventional and unconventional electrode designs is compared. A significant improvement in MRR (32.6% increase) has been achieved by using non-conventional electrode designs. Similarly, the hole quality resulted by non-conventional electrodes is way better than hole quality corresponding to conventional electrode designs, especially in terms of overcut and hole taper angle. A reduction of 20.6% in overcut and a reduction of 72.5% in taper angle can be achieved through newly designed electrodes. Finally, one electrode design has been selected (electrode with 20 degree relief angle) as the most appropriate electrode resulting in better EDM performance in terms of MRR, TWR, overcut, taper angle, and surface roughness of triangular holes.
Amplification and Nonlinear Compression of Ultrashort Microwave Pulses by Quasi-Stationary Electron Beams: Theory and Experiment

The first experiments to observe amplification of ultrashort microwave superradiance (SR) pulses propagating along quasistationary electron beams were performed. For this purpose, an experimental set-up based on two high-current RADAN accelerators synchronized with an accuracy 100 – 300 ps was built. The first accelerator was used to drive the 37 GHz generator of superradiance pulses with a duration ∼300 ps based on relativistic back wave oscillator (BWO). The second accelerator with a current up to 1.2 kA and an electron energy of 300 keV was used to drive the amplification section in the form of a dielectric loaded waveguide. According to the theoretical analysis, amplification of electromagnetic pulses (minimum of 4 times in power) was accompanied by significant shortening of the SR pulse duration to less than 100 ps.
The Minimum Sum of Absolute Errors Regression: A State of the Art Survey

Summary The minimum sum of absolute errors regression is resistant to outliers and error distributions with long tails. With the development of several efficient algorithms, computer codes and some statistical inference procedures, it is fast becoming a viable and desirable alternative to the popular least squares regression. The objective of this paper is to present a state of the art survey for the minimum sum of absolute errors regression. The least squares regression has dominated the statistical literature for a long time. This dominance and popularity of the least squares regression can be ascribed, at least partially, to the fact that the theory is simple, well developed and documented. The computer packages are also easily available. The least squares regression is optimal and results in the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters of the model if the errors are independent and follow a normal distribution with mean zero and a common (though unknown) variance o2. The least squares regression is very far from the optimal in many non-Gaussian situations, especially when the errors follow distributions with longer tails. For the regression problems, Huber (1973) stated, 'just a single grossly outlying observation may spoil the least squares estimate, and, moreover, outliers are much harder to spot in the regression than in the simple location case'. The outliers occurring with extreme values of the regressor variables can be especially disruptive. Andrews (1974) noted that even when the errors follow a normal distribution, alternatives to least squares may be required; especially if the form of the model is not exactly known. Further, least squares is not very satisfactory if the quadratic loss function is not a satisfactory measure of the loss. Loss denotes the seriousness of the nonzero prediction error to the investigator, where prediction error is the difference between the predicted and the observed value of the response variable. Meyer & Glauber (1964) stated that for at least certain economic problems absolute error may be a more satisfactory measure of loss than the squared error. The minimum sum of absolute errors regression (or for brevity, absolute errors regression) overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks of the least squares regression and provides an attractive alternative. It is less sensitive than least squares regression to the extreme errors and assumes absolute error loss function. Because of its resistance to
Effects of Inlet Flow Field Conditions on the Performance of Centrifugal Compressor Diffusers: Part 1—Discrete-Passage Diffuser

This is Part 1 of a two-part paper considering the performance of radial diffusers for use in a high-performance centrifugal compressor. Part 1 reports on discrete-passage diffusers (shown in Fig. 1) while Part 2 describes a test of a straight-channel diffuser designed for equivalent duty. Two builds of discrete-passage diffuser were tested, with 30 and 38 separate passages. Both the 30 and 38 passage diffusers investigated showed comparable range of unstalled operation and similar level of overall diffuser pressure recovery. The paper concentrates on the influence of inlet flow conditions on the pressure recovery and operating range of radial diffusers for centrifugal compressor stages. The flow conditions examined include diffuser inlet Mach number, flow angle, blockage, and axial flow nonuniformity. The investigation was carried out in a specially built test facility, designed to provide a controlled inlet flow field to the test diffusers. The facility can provide a wide range of diffuser inlet velocity profile distortion and skew with Mach numbers up to unity and flow angles of 63 to 75 deg from the radial direction. The consequences of different averaging methods for the inlet total pressure distributions, which are needed in the definition of diffuser pressure recovery coefficient for nonuniform diffuser inlet conditions, were also assessed. The overall diffuser pressure recovery coefficient, based on suitably averaged inlet total pressure, was found to correlate well with the momentum-averaged flow angle into the diffuser. Furthermore, the pressure recovery coefficient was found to be essentially independent of the axial distortion at diffuser inlet, and the Mach number, over the wide flow range (from maximum flow to the beginning of flow instabilities) investigated. It is thus shown that the generally accepted sensitivity of diffuser pressure recovery performance to inlet flow distortion and boundary layer blockage can be largely attributed to inappropriate quantification of the average dynamic pressure at diffuser inlet. Use of an inlet dynamic pressure based on availability or mass-averaging in combination with definition of inlet flow angle based on mass average of the radial and tangential velocity at diffuser inlet removes this sensitivity.
Scientific thinking driven by experiments on video

Most of the remote education strategies and techniques developed during the COVID 19 pandemic lockdown showed that Video Technology can be used as a tool to maximize overall students' performance. Over the lockdown, professionals of the educational field were forced to come up with pedagogical strategies and have continued to apply them since. This paper investigates how student's explanations and argumentation of their own work engaging in scientific activities promotes scientific thinking. We compare the performance of two groups by means of a checklist based on Toulmin's argumentative model. This assessment tool can be used in face-to-face courses too.