Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON VERTICALLY GLOBAL, HORIZONTALLY LOCAL MODELS FOR ASTROPHYSICAL DISKS

Disks with a barotropic equilibrium structure, for which the pressure is only a function of the density, rotate on cylinders in the presence of a gravitational potential, so that the angular frequency of such a disk is independent of height. Such disks with barotropic equilibria can be approximately modeled using the shearing box framework, representing a small disk volume with height-independent angular frequency. If the disk is in baroclinic equilibrium, the angular frequency does generally depend on height, and it is thus necessary to go beyond the standard shearing box approach. In this paper, we show that given a global disk model, it is possible to develop approximate models that are local in horizontal planes without an expansion in height with shearing-periodic boundary conditions. We refer to the resulting framework as the vertically global shearing box (VGSB). These models can be non-axisymmetric for globally barotropic equilibria but should be axisymmetric for globally baroclinic equilibria. We provide explicit equations for this VGSB which can be implemented in standard magnetohydrodynamic codes by generalizing the shearing-periodic boundary conditions to allow for a height-dependent angular frequency and shear rate. We also discuss the limitations that result from the radial approximations that are needed in order to impose height-dependent shearing periodic boundary conditions. We illustrate the potential of this framework by studying a vertical shear instability and examining the modes associated with the magnetorotational instability.
Effects of Growth Temperature on Morphological and Structural Properties of ZnO Films

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most promising oxide possibilities for use in a number of industries due to its unique properties. Because of its broad direct bandgap (3.37 eV) and strong exciton binding energy (60 meV) at ambient temperature, ZnO not only conducts electricity well but also transmits visible light and emits UV light. Here, we investigated the effect of growth temperature on ZnO thin films by changing the growth temperatures from 400 oC to 450 oC. Radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering was used to create ZnO thin films on Si(100) substrates. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness decreases from 6.1 ± 1.0 nm to 4.8 ± 0.6 nm as the growth temperatures increase. XRD patterns display the enhancement of ZnO’s structure when increasing the growth temperature. Our findings indicate that controlling growth temperature is the critical factor in producing high quality ZnO thin films.
Effect of physical aging on the low-frequency vibrational density of states of a glassy polymer

The effects of the physical aging on the vibrational density of states (VDOS) of a polymeric glass is studied. The VDOS of a poly(methyl methacrylate) glass at low energy ( < 15 meV), was determined from inelastic neutron scattering at low temperature for two different physical thermodynamical states. One sample was annealed during a long time at temperature lower than Tg, and another was quenched from a temperature higher than Tg. It was found that the VDOS around the boson peak, relatively to the one at higher energy, decreases with annealing at lower temperature than Tg, i.e., with the physical aging.
Light scattering from ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices at finite temperature

We study light scattering from atoms in optical lattices at finite temperature. We examine the light scattered by fermions in the noninteracting regime and by bosons in the superfluid and Mott insulating regimes. We extend previous theoretical studies to include the full band structure of the optical lattice. We find that light scattering that excites atoms out of the lowest band leads to an increase in light scattering away from the classical diffraction peaks and is largely temperature independent. This additional light scattering leads to lower efficiency of temperature measurements based on photon counting.
Onsager's inequality, the Landau-Feynman ansatz and superfluidity

We revisit an inequality due to Onsager, which states that the (quantum) liquid structure factor has an upper bound of the form , for not too large modulus of the wave vector . This inequality implies the validity of the Landau criterion in the theory of superfluidity with a definite, nonzero critical velocity. We prove an auxiliary proposition for general Bose systems, together with which we arrive at a rigorous proof of the inequality for one of the very few solvable examples of an interacting Bose fluid, Girardeau's model. The latter proof demonstrates the importance of the thermodynamic limit of the structure factor, which must be taken initially at . It also substantiates very well the heuristic density functional arguments, which are also shown to hold exactly in the limit of large wavelengths. We also briefly discuss which features of the proof may be present in higher dimensions, as well as some open problems related to superfluidity of trapped gases.
Résolution exacte et approchée de problèmes de multiflot entier et de multicoupe : algorithmes et complexité

Dans cette these, on s'interesse a des problemes de multiflot entier et de multicoupe, qui generalisent les problemes classiques de flot maximum et de coupe minimum. Deux aspects de ces problemes y sont etudies en particulier : la resolution exacte en temps polynomial et l'approximation polynomiale. Du point de vue de la resolution exacte, nos principales contributions portent sur les sujets suivants : chemins disjoints dans les graphes de nombre cyclomatique borne ; multicoupes dans les graphes orientes sans circuits, dans les graphes non orientes de largeur d'arbre bornee et dans les graphes planaires ; multiflots entiers dans les anneaux ; multicoupes et multiflots entiers dans certains cas particuliers de grilles. Du point de vue de l'approximation polynomiale, nos principales contributions portent sur les sujets suivants : chemins disjoints dans les graphes planaires a k niveaux d'aretes ; multiflots entiers dans les graphes de nombre cyclomatique borne ; multicoupes dans les graphes orientes non ponderes de largeur d'arbre et de degre maximum bornes ; flots multiterminaux entiers dans les graphes orientes. Nous decrivons egalement une nouvelle heuristique pour trouver un multiflot entier maximum dans un graphe non oriente, et la testons sur des instances generees aleatoirement.
The Three-dimensional Structure of the Eta Carinae Homunculus

We investigate, using the modeling code SHAPE, the three-dimensional structure of the bipolar Homunculus nebula surrounding Eta Carinae as mapped by new ESO VLT/X-Shooter observations of the H2 (lambda) = 2.12125 micrometers emission line. Our results reveal for the first time important deviations from the axisymmetric bipolar morphology: 1) circumpolar trenches in each lobe positioned point-symmetrically from the center and 2) offplanar protrusions in the equatorial region from each lobe at longitudinal (approximately 55 degrees) and latitudinal (10 degrees to 20 degrees) distances from the projected apastron direction of the binary orbit. The angular distance between the protrusions (approximately 110 degrees) is similar to the angular extent of each polar trench (approximately 130 degrees) and nearly equal to the opening angle of the wind-wind collision cavity (approximately 110 degrees). As in previous studies, we confirm a hole near the centre of each polar lobe and no detectable near-IR H2 emission from the thin optical skirt seen prominently in visible imagery. We conclude that the interaction between the outflows and/or radiation from the central binary stars and their orientation in space has had, and possibly still has, a strong influence on the Homunculus. This implies that prevailing theoretical models of the Homunculus are incomplete as most assume a single star origin that produces an axisymmetric nebula.We discuss how the newly found features might be related to the Homunculus ejection, the central binary and the interacting stellar winds.
Yukon River incision drove organic carbon burial in the Bering Sea during global climate changes at 2.6 and 1 Ma

Abstract. River erosion affects the carbon cycle and thus climate by exporting terrigenous carbon to seafloor sediment and by nourishing CO2-consuming marine life. The Yukon River–Bering Sea system preserves rare source-to-sink records of these processes across profound changes in global climate during the past 5 million years (Ma). Here, we expand the terrestrial erosion record by dating terraces along the Charley River, Alaska, and explore linkages among previously published Yukon River tributary incision chronologies and Bering Sea sedimentation. Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be isochron burial ages of Charley River terraces match previously documented central Yukon River tributary incision from 2.6 to 1.6 Ma during Pliocene–Pleistocene glacial expansion, and at 1.1 Ma during the 1.2–0.7 Ma Middle Pleistocene climate transition. Bering Sea sediments preserve 2–4-fold rate increases of Yukon River-derived continental detritus, terrestrial and marine organic carbon, and silicate microfossil deposition at 2.6–2.1 and 1.1–0.8 Ma. These tightly coupled records demonstrate elevated terrigenous nutrient and carbon export and concomitant Bering Sea productivity in response to climate-forced Yukon River incision. Carbon burial related to accelerated terrestrial erosion may contribute to CO2 drawdown across the Pliocene–Pleistocene and Middle Pleistocene climate transitions observed in many proxy records worldwide.
Multi-Parameterized Schwarz Splittings

Numerical versions of the classical mathematical approach of Schwarz Alternating Method (SAM), introduced by Schwarz (15] a century ago, have been recently explored as parallel computational frameworks for the numerical solut.ion of initial/boundary value problems. These schemes are usually referred to as Schwarz Splitlings(.'J'S). One of the uncertainties in the numerical formulation of SAM that affects its convergence is the selection of the so called interface conditions. In the context of elliptic boundary value problems the most commonly used auxiliary conditions are of Dirichlet t.ype. In this paper we consider one-parameter (a) mixed interface conditions (i.e. the same parameter is used in all sub domains) and the multi -parameter case where a different parameter (ni) is associated with the i-th overlapping area. The SS approach with the mixed boundary conditions is referred to as Generalized(G) SS. An appropriate choice of the parameter n relating the weights between the Dirichlet and the Neumann conditions allows one to optimize the convergence rates of the GSS [17]. In this paper, first we determine explicitly the optimal value of n for the cases of two and three subregions and two-point boundary value problems and propose an approach for determining a experimentally in the case of more than three subregions. Second, we successfully determine the optimal values of a;'s for which the spectral radius of t.he block Jacobi iteration matrix associated with the GSS is zero. The parametrized . 'is methods studied in this paper are extended and studied for twoand higher-dimensional boundary value problems in [7].
Rethinking work: How approach and avoidance features of cognitive crafting are linked with job crafting behaviors and work engagement

Responding to the call for more research on cognitive crafting, this study focuses on employees' reframing of their job characteristics to assign higher importance to job resources and downplay the relevance of costly job demands. Furthermore, it examines how these proactive cognitive strategies are embedded in an overall job crafting process, including both cognitive and behavioral aspects, and linked with work engagement. Preliminary results (n = 247) support the conceptualization of cognitive crafting encompassing approach and avoidance aspects targeting resources and demands, respectively. Moreover, three-wave data (n = 84) show that employees' cognitive efforts to highlight the centrality of job resources influence work engagement over time. Importantly, proactively organizing work leads to higher work engagement by prompting cognitive reframing of the relevance of job resources as central to one's work. Differently, cognitive efforts to downplay the relevance of hindering job demands are unrelated to following proactive behaviors and work engagement.
Spectral Kernel Learning for Semi-Supervised Classification

Typical graph-theoretic approaches for semi-supervised classification infer labels of unlabeled instances with the help of graph Laplacians. Founded on the spectral decomposition of the graph Laplacian, this paper learns a kernel matrix via minimizing the leave-one-out classification error on the labeled instances. To this end, an efficient algorithm is presented based on linear programming, resulting in a transductive spectral kernel. The idea of our algorithm stems from regularization methodology and also has a nice interpretation in terms of spectral clustering. A simple classifier can be readily built upon the learned kernel, which suffices to give prediction for any data point aside from those in the available dataset. Besides this usage, the spectral kernel can be effectively used in tandem with conventional kernel machines such as SVMs. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm through experiments carried out on challenging classification tasks.
Reduced energy loss in poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites by filling with a small loading of core-shell structured BaTiO3/SiO2 nanofibers

Homogeneous ceramic-polymer nanocomposites consisting of core-shell structured BaTiO3/SiO2 nanofibers and a p oly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix have been prepared. The correlation between the energy discharged density and interfacial polarization is studied in PVDF nanocomposites by the measurements of the discharge performance and impedance spectroscopy. According to the results of dielectric constant, breakdown strength, and complex impedance analysis, coating SiO2 layers on the surface of BaTiO3 nanofibers can block the movement of charge carriers through the nanocomposites by playing a shielding role on the charge-rich inter layer, which resulted in weak Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization and thus reduces the energy loss and improved the energy discharged density of the nanocomposites. The energy discharged density in the nanocomposite with 2.5 vol. % BaTiO3/SiO2 core-shell nanofibers is 6.28 J/cm3 at 3.3 MV/cm, which is over 11.94% higher than that of nanocomposite with BaTi.
Visual geometry and topology

Geometry and topology are strongly motivated by the visualization of ideal objects that have certain special characteristics. The principal aim of this book is to narrate, in an accessible and fairly visual language, some classical and modern achievements of geometry and topology in both intrinsic mathematical problems and applications to mathematical physics. The book starts from classical notions of topology and ends with new results in Hamiltonian geometry. The author gives visual explanations of the problems and results, without recourse to the abstract logical aspects of calculations. The book includes numerous graphical sheets drawn by the author, which illustrate the mathematical ideas and results contained in the book. Using these pictures, the reader can understand many modern mathematical ideas and methods.
DNA Repair Mechanisms, Protein Interactions and Therapeutic Targeting of the MRN Complex

Simple Summary The MRN Complex (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) is responsible for initiating DNA double-strand break repair and activating several downstream proteins. These proteins have been studied for their individual roles in inherited cancers and are included on several genetic testing panels. However, large amounts of genetic data remain a challenge to interpret due to the presences of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) which prevent proper variant classification and hinders clinical decision making. In this article, we will discuss the current role the MRN complex plays in the DNA repair pathway, the variants present in all three MRN complex genes and the MRN complex as a target for anti-cancer treatment. Abstract Repair of a DNA double-strand break relies upon a pathway of proteins to identify damage, regulate cell cycle checkpoints, and repair the damage. This process is initiated by a sensor protein complex, the MRN complex, comprised of three proteins-MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1. After a double-stranded break, the MRN complex recruits and activates ATM, in-turn activating other proteins such as BRCA1/2, ATR, CHEK1/2, PALB2 and RAD51. These proteins have been the focus of many studies for their individual roles in hereditary cancer syndromes and are included on several genetic testing panels. These panels have enabled us to acquire large amounts of genetic data, much of which remains a challenge to interpret due to the presence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). While the primary aim of clinical testing is to accurately and confidently classify variants in order to inform medical management, the presence of VUSs has led to ambiguity in genetic counseling. Pathogenic variants within MRN complex genes have been implicated in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon cancers and gliomas; however, the hundreds of VUSs within MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1 precludes the application of these data in genetic guidance of carriers. In this review, we discuss the MRN complex’s role in DNA double-strand break repair, its interactions with other cancer predisposing genes, the variants that can be found within the three MRN complex genes, and the MRN complex’s potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
Time-resolved X-Shooter spectra and RXTE light curves of the ultra-compact X-ray binary candidate 4U 0614+091 ⋆

In this paper we present X-Shootertime resolved spectroscopy and RXTE PCAlight curves of the ultra-compact X-ray binary candidate 4U 0614+091. The X-Shooter data are compared to the GMOS data analyzed previously by Nelemans et al. (2004). We confir m the presence of C III and O II emission features at≈ 4650 A and≈ 5000 A. The emission lines do not show evident Doppler shifts that could be attributed to the motio n of the donor star/hot spot around the center of mass of the binary. We note a weak periodic signal in the red-wing/blue-wing flux ratio of the emission feature at ≈ 4650 A. The signal occurs at P = 30.23± 0.03 min in the X-Shooter and at P = 30.468± 0.006 min in the GMOS spectra when the source was in the low/hard state. Due to aliasing effects the period in the GMOS and X-Shooter data could well be the same. We deem it likely that the orbital period is thus close to 30 min, however, as several photometric periods have been reported for this source in the literature already, further confirmation of the 30 min period is warranted. We compare the surface area of the donor star and the disc of 4U 0614+091 with the surface area of the donor star and the disc in typical hydrogen-rich low-mass X-ray binaries and the class of AM Canum Venaticorum stars and argue that the optical emission in 4U 0614+091 is likely dominated by the disc emission. Assuming that the accretion disc in 4U 0614+091 is optically thick and the opening angle of the disc is similar to the one derived for the hydrogen-ric h low-mass X-ray binaries we conclude that the donor star may in fact stay in the disc shadow. Additionally, we search for periodic signals in all the publicly available RXTE PCAlight curves of 4U 0614+091 which could be associated with the orbital period of this source. A modulation at the orbital period with an amplitude of≈ 10% such as those that have been found in other ultra-compact X-ray binaries (4U 0513−40, 4U 1820−30) is not present in 4U 0614+091. We propose that the X-ray modulation found in 4U 0513−40 and 4U 1820−30 could be a signature of an outflow launched during the high/soft state near the stream impact region.
Strong, random field behavior of the Euclidean Dirac propagator

The one-loop effective action of quantum electrodynamics in four dimensions is shown to be controlled by the Euclidean Dirac propagator $G$ in a background potential. After separating the photon self-energy and photon-photon scattering graphs from the effective action the remainder is known to be the logarithm of an entire function of the electric charge of order 4 under mild regularity assumptions on the potential. This input together with QED's lack of an ultrastable vacuum constrain the strong field behavior of $G$. It is shown that $G$ vanishes in the strong field limit. The relevance of this result to the decoupling of QED from the remainder of the electroweak model for large amplitude variations of the Maxwell field is discussed.
A Game-Theoretic Credit Period and Promotion Model in a Supplier-Retailer Channel

It has been established that trade credit can be influenced by a lot of factors. However, no specific function has been used to neither represent these factors nor consider their effects. This paper considers a supplier-retailer Stackelberg game in which the supplier as the channel leader supplies credit goods to the retailer who in-turn sells to the consumers. It uses a credit function based on credit period, supplier’s price margin and product promotion effort to model the players’ payoffs. The work considers two game scenarios: a situation involving the provision of trade credit and a situation without trade credit. The work obtains a closed-form solution for the credit period for the credit provision scenario, and the promotion efforts and payoffs for both scenarios, and shows that credit period prolongation may not be in favour of the retailer, and that the retailer can attain a larger payoff than the supplier. It also shows that the retailer’s margin is very crucial for both channel scenarios, and observes that the players are better-off with trade credit.
Improved measurement of mixing-induced CP violation in the neutral B meson system

We present an improved measurement of the standard model CP violation parameter sin 2phi(1) (also known as sin 2beta) based on a sample of 85x10(6) B (B) over bar pairs collected at the Y(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. One neutral B meson is reconstructed in a J/psiK(S)(0), psi(2S)K-S(0), chi(c1)K(S)(0), eta(c)K(S)(0), J/psiK*(0), or J/psiK(L)(0) CP-eigenstate decay channel and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. From the asymmetry in the distribution of the time interval between the two B meson decay points, we obtain sin 2phi(1)=0.719+/-0.074(stat)+/-0.035(syst).
A Nano Refractive Index Sensing Structure for Monitoring Hemoglobin Concentration in Human Body

This paper proposes a nanosensor structure consisting of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with a rectangular root and a double-ring (SRRDR) with a rectangular cavity. In this paper, the cause and internal mechanism of Fano resonance are investigated by the finite element method (FEM), and the transport characteristics are optimized by changing various parameters of the structure. The results show that the structure can achieve double Fano resonance. Due to the destructive disturbance between the wideband mode of the inverted rectangle on the bus waveguide and the narrowband mode of the SRRDR, the output spectrum of the system shows an obvious asymmetric Fano diagram, and the structural parameters of the sensor have a great influence on the Fano resonance. By changing the sensitive parameters, the optimal sensitivity of the refractive index nanosensor is 2280 nm/RIU, and the coefficient of excellence (FOM) is 76.7. In addition, the proposed high-sensitivity nanosensor will be used to detect hemoglobin concentration in blood, which has positive applications for biosensors and has great potential for future nanosensing and optical integration systems.