Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MAMMAL USE OF FAUNA PASSAGES ON NATIONAL ROAD A1 AT OLDENZAAL

By order of the Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division (DWW) of the Dutch Department for Public Works and Water Management (Rijkswaterstaat), exploratory research was carried out into the use of three types of wildlife passages by mammals near the Dutch state road A1 near the town of Oldenzaal in 1993. The passages included pipes, culverts, and ecoducts. Four questions were investigated: (1) which mammal species use the wildlife passages? ; (2) are the pipes and culverts used equally by the different species? ; (3) has the adjacent landscape any impact on the use? ; and (4) is there an equal use in every season? To answer these questions paw prints were inventoried and determined. Some of the species found included the hedgehog, the squirrel, the rabbit, the fox, and the roe. It is concluded that all passages are used. Certain species seem to prefer certain types of passages. The lack of observations of the smaller species, such as mice, near pipes is remarkable. Improvements regarding some technical deficiencies of the passages, which appeared during the research, are proposed. This publication has an English version: Mammal use of fauna passages on national road A1 at Oldenzaal. (see IRRD 874968).
Component Programming with Object-Oriented Signals

Components that process state, rather than immutable data, are important because they make programs more usable with their ability to process continuously changing data. For example, a compiler built out of state-processing components can detect programming errors as soon as programmers write them. Unfortunately, state-processing components are difficult to assemble because existing languages depend on awkward event handling mechanisms to communicate changes in state. Because the encoding of event handling details is not very modular, glue code that assembles state-processing components is often excessively large. This dissertation describes how state-processing components can be glued together with less code through time-varying values known as signals. Signals are state abstractions that hide event handling details from glue code by standardizing how state changes are communicated. We explore how signals can be used to assemble components in our language SuperGlue. Although signals have been explored in other languages, SuperGlue is unique in its use of simple wire-like connections to express component assemblies. To support components that process graph-like state, such as trees, Super-Glue has object-oriented abstractions that can be used to express an unbounded number of signal connections. With signals and objects, programmers can build complicated state-processing programs with reasonable amounts of glue code. SuperGlue is a pragmatic language that supports the reuse of existing Java components. For example, SuperGlue code can reuse user-interface components in Java's Swing library. We have found that SuperGlue is beneficial in programs that involve significant amounts of state processing, such as many user-interface programs. For example, the SuperGlue implementation of an email client is about half the size of an equivalent Java implementation.
Digital Simulacra, Bias, and Self-Reinforcing Exclusion Cycles

Blumenthal-Barby, J., B. Lang, N. Dorfman, H. Kaplan, W. B. Hooper, and K. Kostick-Quenet. 2022. Research on the clinical translation of health care machine learning: Ethicists experiences on lessons learned. The American Journal of Bioethics 22 (5):1–3. doi:10.1080/15265161. 2022.2059199. Buolamwini, J., and T. Gebru. 2018. Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Conference on fairness, accountability and transparency; 2018: PMLR; p. 77–91. Cho, M. K. , and N. Martinez-Martin. 2023. Epistemic rights and responsibilities of digital simulacra for biomedicine. The American Journal of Bioethics : The American Journal of Bioethics 23 (9):43–54. doi:10.1080/15265161.2022. 2146785. Commission E. 2020. European data governance (Data Governance Act). European Commission. 2021. Laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence (Artificial Intelligence Act) and Amending Certain Union Legislative Acts. Brussels, Belgium. Accessed July 1, 2023. https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/ Faris, O. , and J. Shuren. 2017. An FDA viewpoint on unique considerations for medical-device clinical trials. The New England Journal of Medicine 376 (14):1350–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1512592. Gerke, S. 2023. Nutrition facts labels" for artificial intelligence/machine learning-based medical devices-the urgent need for labeling standards. Geo Wash L Rev 91:79. Kostick-Quenet, K. M. , and S. Gerke. 2022. AI in the hands of imperfect users. NPJ Digital Medicine 5 (1):197. doi:10. 1038/s41746-022-00737-z. Marmot, M. 2005. Social determinants of health inequalities. The Lancet 365(9464): 1099–1104. Obermeyer, Z. , and E. J. Emanuel. 2016. Predicting the future—big data, machine learning, and clinical medicine. The New England Journal of Medicine 375 (13):1216–9. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1606181. US Food and Drug Administration. 2017. Qualification of medical device development tools. Rockville, MD. Docket # FDA-2013-D-1279. Accessed July 1, 2023. https://www. fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/qualification-medical-device-development-tools US Food and Drug Administration. 2021. Draft guidance for assessing the credibility of computational modeling and simulation in medical device submissions. Rockville, MD. Docket # FDA-2021-D-0980 Accessed July 1, 2023. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fdaguidance-documents/assessing-credibility-computationalmodeling-and-simulation-medical-device-submissions Viceconti, M. , A. Henney, and E. Morley-Fletcher. 2016. In silico clinical trials: how computer simulation will transform the biomedical industry. International Journal of Clinical Trials 3 (2):37–46. Viceconti, M. , M. A. Ju arez, C. Curreli, M. Pennisi, G. Russo, and F. Pappalardo. 2020. Credibility of in silico trial technologies—a theoretical framing. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 24 (1):4–13. doi:10. 1109/JBHI.2019. 2949888.
Mouse model of multiple sclerosis induced by disrupting vesicular transport in oligodendrocytes

Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelination disorder with unknown etiology. Despite the myelin damage, the roles of myelinating oligodendrocytes in driving disease progression remain unknown. We hypothesize that disrupting vesicular transport in oligodendrocytes during adolescence will disrupt myelin integrity and causes neuroinflammation. By creating a mouse model of SNAP-23 conditional knockout in mature oligodendrocytes, we showed that impairment in vesicular trafficking in oligodendrocytes causes demyelination. Neuroinflammation with infiltration of peripheral immune T cells into the central nervous system was observed accompanied by demyelination. Mechanistically, SNAP-23 removal in oligodendrocytes caused abnormal axon-myelin structures and impaired myelin protein trafficking, both can contribute to autoimmune activation and demyelination. With our novel animal model, we propose that oligodendrocyte injury is an endogenous early event in triggering Multiple Sclerosis. One-Sentence Summary Impaired vesicular transport in oligodendrocytes in adults caused demyelination and inflammation driving Multiple Sclerosis
Locking in the Multithreaded FreeBSD Kernel

About a year ago, the FreeBSD Project embarked on the ambitious task of multithreading its kernel. The primary goal of this project is to improve performance on multiprocessor (MP) systems by allowing concurrent access to the kernel while not drastically hurting performance on uniprocessor (UP) systems. As a result, the project has been dubbed the SMP next generation project, or SMPng for short. Multithreading a BSD kernel is not just a one-time change; it changes the way that data integrity within the kernel is maintained. Thus, not only does the existing code need to be reworked, but new code must also use these different methods. The purpose of this paper is to aid kernel programmers in using these methods. It is assumed that the audience is familiar with the data integrity methods used in the traditional BSD kernel. The paper will open with a brief overview of these traditional methods. Next, it will describe the synchronization primitives new to the multithreaded FreeBSD kernel including a set of guidelines concerning their use. Finally, the paper will describe the tools provided to assist developers in using these synchronization primitives properly.
Distributed Tarpitting: Impeding Spam Across Multiple Servers

This paper describes an Irish ISP's attempts to combat the abuse of resources caused by unsolicited commercial email. We describe the extension of a multicast system, used to implement POP-before-SMTP relaying, to share information about remote mail servers between multiple mail systems. The information may then be used to tarpit abusive servers - placing delays between SMTP protocol answers thus mitigating their impact on our systems. We then examine how effective this has been, and come up with some ideas for future development.We also discuss building a policy around this and other measures we use to combat spam. An ISP is in the business of sending and receiving mail - this makes slowing or blocking mail a delicate subject.
Transcriptome analysis of left versus right intrinsic laryngeal muscles associated with innervation

Objectives/Hypothesis Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury diagnosed as idiopathic or due to short-term surgery-related intubation exhibits a higher incidence of left-sided paralysis. While this is often attributed to nerve length, it is hypothesized there are asymmetric differences in the expression of genes related to neuromuscular function that may impact reinnervation and contribute to this laterality phenomenon. To test this hypothesis, this study analyzes the transcriptome profiles of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILMs), comparing gene expression in the left versus right, with particular attention to genetic pathways associated with neuromuscular function. Study Design Laboratory experiment. Methods RNA was extracted from the left and right sides of the rat posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), lateral thyroarytenoid (LTA), and medial thyroarytenoid (MTA), respectively. After high-throughput RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), 88 samples were organized into 12 datasets according to their age (P15/adult), sex (male/female), and muscle type (PCA/LTA/MTA). A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was conducted to compare the left-right ILMs across different conditions. Results 774 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified across the 12 experimental groups, revealing age, sex, and muscle-specific differences between the left versus right ILMs. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways implicated several genes with a left-right laryngeal muscle asymmetry. These genes are associated with neuronal and muscular physiology, immune/inflammatory response, and hormone control. Conclusion Bioinformatics analysis confirmed divergent transcriptome profiles between the left-right ILMs. This preliminary study identifies putative gene targets that will characterize ILM laterality. Level of Evidence N/A LAY SUMMARY Vocal fold paralysis is more common on the left. This study shows left versus right differences in gene expression related to innervation, suggesting the increased rate of left recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis may be associated with genetic differences, not just nerve length.
Resident attitude toward the heritage tourism development

Rich with flora and fauna, the history as well as the various culture and ethnic, Malaysia is an interesting place to visit. Tourism has become one of economic driving tool for Malaysia. The growing tourism industry has highlighted the important roles of heritage as distinguished tourist destination in Malaysia. Understand the reason for tourist visiting Malaysia, the government put an effort to develop the heritage tourism more attractive and sustainable. Significantly, the rapid growth in tourism industry will transform tourist destination area, but with unplanned and. uncontrolled heritage tourism development, it could ultimately lead to environmental degradation, social culture and economic imbalanced among local resident. The impact that the resident perceived will affect their attitude in term of supporting or opposing the heritage tourism development. Thus, this paper aims to discover local resident attitude toward the heritage tourism development in this country by analyzing their perception on the cost and the benefit brought by this industry. The research method that applied in this study is using qualitative approach whereby the thematic analysis for data analysis was taken place. The results from the interview with Sabah Museum State workforce indicate that the resident attitude is based on the perceived impact of economic and social-culture.
Verträglichkeit von Johanniskraut – ein narrativer Review*

Vor etwa 80 Jahren tauchte in der Weltliteratur die erste wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung zur Phototoxizität als einer möglichen unerwünschten Wirkung der peroralen Johanniskraut-Aufnahme auf. Seitdem sind mindestens 35 RCT, mindestens 17 unkontrollierte Studien, zahlreiche Arbeiten aus der Grundlagenforschung insbesondere zu Phototoxizität und Interaktionen sowie Kasuistiken veröffentlicht worden. Seit 2001 besteht innerhalb der EU unter bestimmten Bedingungen die Verpflichtung zur Meldung unerwünschter Ereignisse und seit 2004 mit EudraVigilance eine dafür zu nutzende und partiell öffentlich zugängliche Datenbank.
Children with Dyslexia Have Altered Cross-Modal Processing Linked to Binocular Fusion. A Pilot Study

Introduction: The cause of dyslexia, a reading disability characterized by dif ﬁ culties with accurate and/or ﬂ uent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities, is unknown. A considerable body of evidence shows that dyslexics have phonological disorders. Other studies support a theory of altered cross-modal processing with the existence of a pan-sensory temporal processing de ﬁ cit associated with dyslexia. Learning to read ultimately relies on the formation of automatic multisensory representations of sounds and their written representation while eyes ﬁ x a word or move along a text. We therefore studied the effect of brief sounds on vision with a modi ﬁ cation of binocular fusion at the same time (using the Maddox Rod test). Methods: To check if the effect of sound on vision is speci ﬁ c, we ﬁ rst tested with sounds and then replaced them with proprioceptive stimulation on 8 muscular sites. We tested two groups of children composed respectively of 14 dyslexic children and 10 controls. Results: The results show transient visual scotoma (VS) produced by sensory stimulations associated with the manipulation of oculomotor balance, the effect being drastically higher in the dyslexic group. The spatial distribution of the VS is stochastic. The effect is not speci ﬁ c for sounds but exists also with proprioceptive stimulations. Discussion: Although there was a very signi ﬁ cant difference between the two groups, we were not able to correlate the (VS) occurrence with the dyslexic ’ s reading performance. One possibility to con ﬁ rm the link between VS and reading impairment would be to ﬁ nd a speci ﬁ c treatment reducing the occurrence of the VS and to check its effect on dyslexia. science; Pharmacology and drug therapy in eye dis- eases; Basic Sciences; Primary and Secondary eye care; Patient Safety and Quality of Care Improvements. indexed manuscript management
Mesoscale functional architecture in medial posterior parietal cortex

The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in mice has various functions including multisensory integration, vision-guided behaviors, working memory, and posture control. However, an integrated understanding of these functions and their cortical localizations in and around the PPC and higher visual areas (HVAs), has not been completely elucidated. Here we simultaneously imaged the activity of thousands of neurons within a 3 x 3 mm2 field-of-view, including eight cortical areas around the PPC, during behavior. Mice performed both a vision-guided task and a choice history-dependent task, and the imaging results revealed distinct, localized, behavior-related functions of two medial PPC areas. Neurons in the anteromedial (AM) HVA responded to both vision and choice information, and thus AM is a locus of association between these channels. By contrast, the anterior (A) HVA stores choice history with rotational dynamics and represents posture. Mesoscale correlation analysis on the intertrial variability of neuronal activity demonstrated that neurons in area A shared fluctuations with S1t (trunk primary somatosensory area), while neurons in AM exhibited diverse, area-dependent interactions. Pairwise interarea interactions among neurons were precisely predicted by the anatomical input correlations, with the exception of some global interactions. Thus, the medial PPC has two distinct modules, areas A and AM, which each have distinctive modes of cortical communication. These medial PPC modules can serve separate higher-order functions: area A for transmission of information including posture, movement, and working memory; and area AM for multisensory and cognitive integration with locally processed signals.
Long-term breast cancer response to CDK4/6 inhibition defined by TP53-mediated geroconversion

Inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases has led to improved outcomes in breast cancer. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients experience long-term disease control. Using a clinically-annotated cohort of patients with metastatic HR+ breast cancer, we identified TP53 loss (28.8%) and MDM2 amplification (6.7%) to be associated with lack of long-term disease control. Human breast cancer models revealed that p53 loss did not affect CDK4/6 activity or G1-blockade, but instead promoted drug-insensitive p130 phosphorylation by CDK2. Persistence of phospho-p130 prevented DREAM complex assembly, enabling cell cycle reentry and tumor progression. Inhibitors of CDK2 could overcome p53 loss, leading to geroconversion and manifestation of senescence phenotypes. Complete inhibition of both CDK4/6 and CDK2 kinases appears to be necessary to facilitate long-term response across genomically-diverse HR+ breast cancers.
Cadherin Adhesion Complexes Direct Cell Aggregation in the Epithelial Transition of Wnt-Induced Nephron Progenitor Cells

In the developing mammalian kidney, nephron formation is initiated by a subset of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs). Wnt input activates a β-catenin (Ctnnb1)-driven, transcriptional nephrogenic program. In conjunction, induced mesenchymal NPCs transition through a pre-tubular aggregate to an epithelial renal vesicle, the precursor for each nephron. How this critical mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) is regulated is unclear. In an in vitro mouse NPC culture model, activation of the Wnt pathway results in the aggregation of induced NPCs into closely-packed, cell clusters. Genetic removal of β-catenin resulted in a failure of both Wnt pathway-directed transcriptional activation and the formation of aggregated cell clusters. Modulating extracellular Ca2+ levels showed cell-cell contacts were Ca2+-dependent, suggesting a role for cadherin (Cdh)-directed cell adhesion. Molecular analysis identified Cdh2, Cdh4 and Cdh11 in uninduced NPCs and the up-regulation of Cdh3 and Cdh4 accompanying the Wnt pathway-induced MET. Genetic removal of all four cadherins, and independent removal of α-catenin, which couples Cdh-β-catenin membrane complexes to the actin cytoskeleton, abolished cell aggregation in response to Wnt pathway activation. However, the β-catenin driven inductive transcriptional program was unaltered. Together with the accompanying paper (Bugacov et al., submitted), these data demonstrate that distinct cellular activities of β-catenin - transcriptional regulation and cell adhesion - combine in the mammalian kidney programs generating differentiated epithelial nephron precursors from mesenchymal nephron progenitors. Summary statement Our study highlights the role of Wnt–β-catenin pathway regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion in the mesenchymal to epithelial transition of induced nephron progenitor cells.
Job Opportunities, Amenities, and Variable Distance-Deterrence Elasticities: An Empirical Model of Inter-Municipal Migration in Belgium

This paper investigates inter-municipal migration flows in Belgium using a Poisson gravity model. Besides distance, the model also includes municipal-specific factors as explanatory variables. The model is tested using aggregate, cross-sectional, data on migrations between the municipalities of the Belgian province of Limburg, over the period 1998-2003. The model assumes heterogeneity of the distance-deterrence effect. The model also accounts for unobserved origin/destination characteristics. To overcome the problem of under-determinacy, we use the method of Generalized Cross-Entropy estimation. A number of major findings stand out. Firstly, we find evidence of a "U-shaped" relationship between the distance-deterrence elasticity and distance, where the distance elasticity is smaller for short-distance moves. Secondly, distance between origin and destination reinforces (attenuates) the pull effect of local employment opportunities (amenities). This finding may indicating a shift in the composition of migration flows from residential migration to labor migration as distance increases. Finally, the spatial distribution of the net pull effects of unobserved factors seem to coincide with proximity to major roads and railway stations.
Stabilization of epithelial β-catenin compromises mammary cell fate acquisition and branching morphogenesis

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a critical role in cell fate specification, morphogenesis, and stem cell activation across diverse tissues, including the skin. In mammals, the embryonic surface epithelium gives rise to the epidermis, as well as the associated appendages including hair follicles and mammary glands, both of which depend on epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity for initiation of their development. Later on, Wnts are thought to enhance mammary gland growth and branching while in hair follicles, they are essential for hair shaft formation. Here we report a strong downregulation of epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity as the mammary bud progresses to branching. We show that forced activation of epithelial β-catenin severely compromises embryonic mammary gland branching. However, the phenotype of conditional Lef1 deficient embryos implies that a low level of Wnt/β-catenin activity is necessary for mammary cell survival. Transcriptomic profiling suggests that sustained high β-catenin activity leads to maintenance of mammary bud gene signature at the expense of outgrowth/branching signature. In addition, it leads to upregulation of epidermal differentiation genes. Strikingly, we find a partial switch to hair follicle fate early on upon stabilization of β-catenin suggesting that the level of epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity may contribute to the choice between skin appendage identities.