Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sperm‐borne proteins improve rabbit cloning efficiency via regulating embryonic cleavage and epigenetics

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) shows great application value in the generation of transgenic animals, protection of endangered species, and therapeutic cloning. However, the cloning efficiency is still very low, which greatly restricts its application. Compared to fertilized embryos, cloned embryos lack the sperm proteins, which are considered to play an important role in embryonic development. Here, we compared the sperm proteome, with that of donor fibroblasts and oocytes, and identified 342 proteins unique to sperm, with 42 being highly expressed. The 384 proteins were mainly enriched in the categories of post‐translational modification and cytoskeletal arrangement. Extracts of soluble sperm or fibroblast proteins were injected into cloned embryos, and the result showed that injection of sperm protein significantly inhibited abnormal embryonic cleavage, significantly decreased the level of trimethylated histone H3 Lys9 (H3K9me3) and the apoptotic index, and increased the inner cell mass (ICM)‐to‐trophectoderm (TE) ratio. More importantly, the sperm proteins also significantly enhanced the birthrate. The results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that sperm‐derived proteins improve embryo cloning efficiency. Our findings not only provide new insights into ways to overcome low cloning efficiency, but also add to the understanding of sperm protein function.
Efficacy of Postoperative Oral Antibiotics in Foot and Ankle Surgery

Background: Preoperative oral antibiotic use in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery is standard practice, but no consensus has been reached regarding the efficacy of postoperative oral antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether postoperative oral antibiotics reduce the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients, with and without comorbidities, undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted identifying patients who underwent foot and ankle surgery by 4 fellowship-trained, foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2019. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those who received postoperative oral antibiotics (group 1) and those who did not (group 2). Two surgeons routinely prescribed postoperative oral antibiotics, and 2 did not. Demographics, comorbidities, and procedure complexity based on surgical site and Current Procedural Terminology code were recorded from the charts. The primary outcome was postoperative infection (superficial or deep) within 6 months after surgery. Patients with antibiotic use prior to surgery, preoperative infection, or lack of follow-up >6 weeks were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was used to analyze differences in infection rate and severity. Results: Chart review identified 3631 patients, 1227 of whom did not receive postoperative oral antibiotics whereas 2394 patients did. Routine postoperative oral antibiotic use did not significantly affect postoperative infection rates or severity. However, all covariates studied (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, tobacco use, alcohol use, rheumatoid conditions, and age) influenced postoperative infection rates and severity. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that postoperative oral antibiotics are not associated with differences in infection rates or severity. We do not recommend routine use in foot and ankle surgery.
An observational study to determine the relationship between cough frequency and markers of inflammation in severe asthma

Background The relationship between objectively measured cough and type 2 (T2) biomarkers and other measures of asthma control and severity is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between objective and subjective cough measurement tools and clinical biomarkers of asthma. Methods Patients with severe asthma and mild-to-moderate asthma completed validated asthma and cough-related measurement tools (including ambulatory cough monitoring) and measurement of spirometry and T2 biomarkers (exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FENO) and peripheral blood eosinophil count). Patients were classified according to T2 status based on T2-low (FENO <20 ppb and peripheral blood eosinophils <150 cells·µL−1), T2-intermediate (FENO ≥20 ppb or peripheral blood eosinophils ≥150 cells·µL−1) or T2-high (FENO ≥20 ppb and peripheral blood eosinophils ≥150 cells·µL−1). Results 61 patients completed the study measurements (42 severe asthma and 19 mild-to-moderate asthma). Patients with severe asthma had higher rates of cough than those with mild-to-moderate asthma in terms of total 24-h cough counts (geometric mean±sd 170.3±2.7 versus 60.8±4.1; p=0.002) and cough frequency (geometric mean±sd 7.1±2.7 versus 2.5±4.1 coughs·h−1; p=0.002). T2-low patients with severe asthma had significantly lower 24-h cough frequency compared with T2-intermediate and T2-high patients. Conclusions In patients with low biomarkers of T2 inflammation, cough frequency measurements were not elevated, suggesting that the mechanism for cough in asthma is underlying T2 eosinophilic inflammation and the logical first step for treating cough in asthma may be to achieve adequate suppression of T2 inflammation with currently available therapies. Although significant cough burden can be identified in patients with severe asthma, this may not be present in patients with low levels of T2 inflammatory biomarkers https://bit.ly/3yqSKVg
Multi-segmented feature coupling for jointly reconstructing initial pressure and speed of sound in photoacoustic computed tomography

Abstract. Significance: Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT) is a fast-growing imaging modality. In PACT, the image quality is degraded due to the unknown distribution of the speed of sound (SoS). Emerging initial pressure (IP) and SoS joint-reconstruction methods promise reduced artifacts in PACT. However, previous joint-reconstruction methods have some deficiencies. A more effective method has promising prospects in preclinical applications. Aim: We propose a multi-segmented feature coupling (MSFC) method for SoS-IP joint reconstruction in PACT. Approach: In the proposed method, the ultrasound detectors were divided into multiple sub-arrays with each sub-array and its opposite counterpart considered to be a pair. The delay and sum algorithm was then used to reconstruct two images based on a subarray pair and estimated a direction-specific SoS, based on image correlation and the orientation of the subarrays. Once the data generated by all pairs of subarrays were processed, an image that was optimized in terms of minimal feature splitting in all directions was generated. Further, based on the direction-specific SoS, a model-based method was used to directly reconstruct the SoS distribution. Results: Both phantom and animal experiments demonstrated feasibility and showed promising results compared with conventional methods, with less splitting and blurring and fewer distortions. Conclusions: The developed MSFC method shows promising results for both IP and SoS reconstruction. The MSFC method will help to optimize the image quality of PACT in clinical applications.
Patient-Centered Goals after Lumbar Spine Surgery: a Secondary Analysis of Cognitive-Behavioral-Based Physical Therapy Outcomes from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the association between goal attainment and patient-reported outcomes in patients who engaged in a 6-session, telephone-based, cognitive-behavioral-based physical therapy (CBPT) intervention after spine surgery. METHODS In this secondary analysis of a randomized trial, data from 112 participants (mean age = 63.3 [SD = 11.2] years; 57 [51%] women) who attended at least 2 CBPT sessions (median = 6 [range = 2-6]) were examined. At each session, participants set weekly goals and used goal attainment scaling (GAS) to report goal attainment from the previous session. The number and type of goals and percentage of goals met were tracked. An individual GAS t score was computed across sessions. Participants were categorized on the basis of goals met as expected (GAS t score of ≥50) or goals not met as expected (GAS t score of <50). Six- and 12-month outcomes included disability (Oswestry Disability Index), physical and mental health (12-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-12]), physical function (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), pain interference (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), and back and leg pain intensity (numeric rating scale). Outcome differences over time between groups were examined with mixed-effects regression. RESULTS Participants set a median of 3 goals (range = 1-6) at each session. The most common goal categories were recreational/physical activity (36%), adopting a CBPT strategy (28%), exercising (11%), and performing activities of daily living (11%). Forty-eight participants (43%) met their goals as expected. Participants who met their goals as expected had greater physical function improvement at 6 months (estimate = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.0 to 6.5) and 12 months (estimate = 2.8; 95% CI = 0.04 to 5.6). No other outcome differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS Goal attainment within a CBPT program was associated with 6- and 12-month improvements in postoperative physical functioning. IMPACT This study highlights goal attainment as an important rehabilitation component related to physical function recovery after spine surgery.
The Review of Reliability Factors Related to Industrial Robo

Nowadays, one can observe the increasing use of automation and robotization, which replaces human labor. New applications of industrial robots are widely used especially for repetitive and high precision tasks or monotonous activities demanding physical exertion (e.g. welding, handling). Industrial robots have mobility similar to human arms and can perform various complex actions like a human, but they do not get tired and bored. In addition, they have much greater reliability then human operators. The problem of industrial robot reliability is like machine reliability and is well known and described in the literature, but because of the complexity of robotic systems is also much more complex and is connected with safety requirements and specific robot related problems (near failure situations, hardware failures, software failures, singularity, human errors etc.). Safety is very important, becausethere were many accidents at work with robots involved, and some of them were deadly. Accidents were caused rather more often by human errors than by failures of the robots.
Performance prediction of surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor based on ring specimen test result

The B-H curve and iron loss of electrical steel sheets are essential data for predicting the performance of electric motors. The Epstein frame test is widely adopted to acquire these magnetic properties. However, for rotating electric machines with relatively small geometry, the ring specimen test is preferred because of its simplicity and geometric similarity. This study deals with the experimental verification of the ring specimen test. The B-H curve and iron loss of non-oriented electrical steel sheets are measured via the Epstein frame test and the ring specimen test. Each result is applied in finite element analysis (FEA) of the fabricated electric motor. Furthermore, using these FEA results and the d-q -axis equivalent circuit, the performance of the electric motor is predicted. For experimental verification, electric motor tests are performed under no-load and load conditions.
EFFECTIVE COMPETENCY-BASED TRAINING LEARNING ENVIRONMENT TOWARDS CAREER COMPETENCIES AMONGST VOCATIONAL STUDENTS

The gaps between vocational students' skill competencies and the skills demanded by the industries bring major impacts towards the unemployment rate of vocational graduates. However, the mismatch of the competencies between the students and the industrial needs could not be solved through conventional learning methods. Ironically, the career competencies of these students seem to be best developed through the Competency-Based Training (CBT) learning environment. Content analysis was carried out to deliberate the factors that lead to an effective CBT learning environment for students in the technical field. Among the factors are; the source of learning, evaluation, clear objectives, the burden of tasks, good teaching and learning community. Then, the career competencies of vocational students, which consist of personal, technical, networking, self-profile, career exploration, and career control are reviewed, in relations to the factors of the effective CBT learning environment. Finally, a suggestion for future research is discussed.
Converting Approach from Database Relational Schema into Horn Clauses Predicate Logic

The aim of this study is to build a transformation model capable to convert a database relational schema into a set of horn clauses predicate logic. Today, databases support trillion and trillion of data megabytes. They provide the main data sources for most of the decision-making systems. Now, organizations give more importance towards knowledge rather than information. But, knowledge cannot be extracted simply from databases. Usually, many complex procedures and techniques of data mining are required. Unlike databases, knowledge bases store knowledge (structured and unstructured information) in a computer-readable form. Moreover, the inference engine, supported by most of the knowledge bases, extracts new knowledge by simply implementing new rules. Based on Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach and especially the models’ transformation, this paper presents a set of mappings which transform a data-base (metadata and previous data) to knowledgebase expressed into facts and rules. A prototype transformation system is designed and implemented based on UML (Unified Modeling Language) class diagram and ATL (Atlas Transformation Language) which is the tool used for the model transformation. The prototype shows that the output of the transformation process can be operated directly by a logic programming language such as Prolog.
(methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate)

Carbendazim is the most commonly used systemic fungicide from the class of the benzimidazoles, and the most important reactive metabolite of benomyl. After ingestion, 80% to 85% of the carbendazim is absorbed in mammals, metabolized into the two main metabolites methyl (5-hydroxy-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-carbamate and methyl (6-hydroxy-5-oxo-5H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-carbamate–N–oxide and eliminated with the urine and faeces within about three days. Studies of the distribution of the substance in the body showed that it does not accumulate in specific organs (WHO 1993). As carbendazim is the reactive metabolite of benomyl, also the data regarding the genotoxicity of benomyl should be taken into account in the evaluation of carbendazim (see documentation “Benomyl” 2005 available only in German). Up to 1994, during the synthesis of carbendazim, impurities with aminophenazone, a potent point mutagen, occurred in differing concentrations via a side path (Sarrif et al. 1994 a). As a result of a change in the production process, these impurities have since been eliminated. Therefore, if possible, the manufacturer and the purity of carbendazim are given in the publications described below.
THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

: The term „motivation‟ has been derived from the word „motive‟. Motive may be defined as an inner state of our mind that activates and directs our behaviour. It makes us move to act. It is always internal to us and is externalized via our behaviour. Motivation is one‟s willingness to exert efforts towards the accomplishment of his / her goal. Let us consider a few important definitions on motivation that will help us understand the meaning of motivation more clearly. Educational psychology has identified two basic classifications of motivation - intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation arises from a desire to learn a topic due to its inherent interests, for self-fulfillment, enjoyment and to achieve a mastery of the subject. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation is motivation to perform and succeed for the sake of accomplishing a specific result or outcome. Students who are very grade-oriented are extrinsically motivated, whereas students who seem to truly embrace their work and take a genuine interest in it are intrinsically motivated objectives of the study. There is a both quantitative and qualitative techniques for analysis of data. The descriptive analysis like mean, and Standard Deviation, F-test.and percentage analysis was used for the study. The graphical representation of the Bar Graph. The conclusion is that Motivation of students will play great role in minimizing examination malpractices and go a long way in seeing to the realization of educational goal and the students need to be motivated so that they can do better in their academic pursuit. In motivating students, there is need to use both intrinsic and extrinsic ways of motivation. Both ways of motivation are necessary and none of them is dispensable.
Salmonella Determinant of Enteropathogenic Flagellin Is the Major Proinflammatory

The gastroenteritis-causing pathogen Salmonella typhimurium induces profound transcriptional changes in intestinal epithelia resulting in the recruitment of neutrophils whose presence is the histopathologic hallmark of salmonellosis. Here we used cDNA microarray expression proﬁling to deﬁne the molecular determinants that mediate such changes in model intestinal epithelia. Enteropathogenic Salmonella induced a classical proinﬂammatory gene expression program similar to that activated by the canonical proinﬂammatory agonist TNF- (cid:1) . Nonproinﬂammatory bacteria, both commensals ( Escherichia coli ) and systemic pathogens ( S. typhi ), did not activate this expression proﬁle. While S. typhimurium strains lacking the SPI-1-encoded type III system were fully proinﬂammatory, strains lacking the genes for the ﬂagellar structural component ﬂagellin were nearly devoid of proinﬂammatory signaling. Lastly, the epithelial proinﬂammatory response could be largely recapitulated by basolateral ad-dition of puriﬁed ﬂagellin. Thus, S. typhimurium ﬂagellin is the major molecular trigger by which this pathogen activates gut epithelial proinﬂammatory gene expression. The Journal of Immunology, 2003, 171: 3668–3674.
Nursing students’ attitudes towards death and end-of-life care

Background: Personal and clinical experiences influence how nursing students cope with death. Objective: To assess nursing students’ attitudes towards death and end-of-life care. Methods: Descriptive study. Data were collected through an online questionnaire. The sample consisted of 158 undergraduate nursing students. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. Descriptive statistics and exploratory data analysis were performed through parametric and non-parametric tests. Results: Students tend more to attitudes of neutral acceptance, fear of death, and approach acceptance and less to attitudes of avoidance and escape. Regarding end-of-life care, students who had already completed clinical training showed positive attitudes. Conclusion: Teaching and learning methodologies should be used to allow students to expose their experiences with death and end-of-life care in clinical training.
P IECING TOGETHER THE ‘‘ NEW ’’ P LANTAGINACEAE 1

Scrophulariaceae is one of the families that has been divided extensively due to the results of DNA sequence studies. One of its segregates is a vastly enlarged Plantaginaceae. In a phylogenetic study of 47 members of Plantaginaceae and seven outgroups based on 3561 aligned characters from four DNA regions (the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and the plastid trnL-F, rps16 intron, and matK trnK intron regions), the relationships within this clade were analyzed. The results from parsimony and Bayesian analyses support the removal of the Lindernieae from Gratioleae to a position outside Plantaginaceae. A group of mainly New World genera is paraphyletic with respect to a clade of Old World genera. Among the New World taxa, those offering oil as a pollinator reward cluster together. Ourisia is sister to this clade. Gratioleae consist of Gratiola , Otacanthus , Bacopa , Stemodia , Scoparia , and Mecardonia . Cheloneae plus Russelia and Tetranema together constitute the sister group to a clade predominantly composed of Old World taxa. Among the Old World clade, Ellisiophyllum and Lafuentea have been analyzed for the ﬁrst time in a molecular phylogenetic analysis. The former genus is sister to Sibthorpia and the latter is surprisingly the sister to Antirrhineae.
Anthropological Agenda in Mathematics Education

The context of this qualitative research paper was the reflection of anxiety of the author still not practicing ethno-mathematical ideas and not humanizing mathematics by mathematics teachers in the classroom especially in boarding schools of Butwal. This research paper was based on reviewing three literatures: Vygotskian socio-culturalism, Freire's educational theories and Devkota's article on "Ethno-mathematics and Multiculturalism". The reflection of boarding school's Principal, a neighboring child of boarding school, perception of a migrated student, a mathematics teacher of boarding school, a guardian of boarding school and mine experience in an interview with mathematics teacher were the subjects of expressions in this article. On the basis of three literature review and the reflections of the participants, this research revealed that the mathematics teachers of boarding schools, view mathematics through positivistic paradigm and uni-dimensional lens, follow Euro-centric pedagogy, use various hegemonic practices of de-contextualized mathematics in class which cause the students' emancipation voice from respective sides.
SIR MODEL BASED ANALYSIS ON COVID-19 DYNAMICS IN ETHIOPIA

: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread out worldwide and has caused a serious crisis affecting the public health systems, with many negative effects on the countries’ social, economic and cultural aspects in the world. Thus the main focus of the study is to assess the distributing pattern of COVID-19 pandemic by estimating the transmission rate of disease and to predict the future spread of disease in Ethiopia. The data on COVID-19 daily confirmed cases report is taken from Mistry of health, Ethiopia, since the outbreak started on March, 13 2020 to May 27, 2020. The SIR model has used to analyze the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic. The optimized SIR model parameters are estimated and the contact rate, β = 0.53 and recovery delay, γ = 0.47 from the daily confirmed cases. The basic reproductive number, R 0 could also be estimated as 1.2. While, the predicted SIR model parameters were considerably taken as β = 0.35, γ = 0.14 and , R 0 = 2.5 with other previous studies. The result of the study revealed that the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia indicated that the number of infection will peak on July08, 2020, where 23.4 per cent of the total population could be potentially infected. Hopefully, the actual number will be lower than predicted number of infections.As our predicted SIR model is based on the epidemic progression as it currently has beenthat it doesn’t account additional measures put in place to curb the spread of the virus like social distancing, school closure, lockdown etc. As a conclusion from this study, the SIR model on COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia shows that the infection could spread at an exponential rate unless proper and effective measures will be taken to reduce its transmission due safety practice such as social distancing, lockdown and large scale testing of suspected cases in all part of the country.