Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of a Gene Encoding Trigonelline Synthase from Areca catechu L. Promotes Drought Resilience in Transgenic Arabidopsis

Areca catechu L. is a commercially important palm tree widely cultured in tropical and subtropical areas. Its growth and production are severely hindered by the increasing threat of drought. In the present study, we investigated the physiological responses of areca seedlings to drought stress. The results showed that prolonged drought-induced yellowing on the overall area of most leaves significantly altered the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including maximum chemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency of PSII (Y(II)), photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (qP) and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (NPQ). On the 10th day of drought treatment, the contents of proline in the areca leaves and roots increased, respectively, by 12.2 times and 8.4 times compared to normal watering. The trigonelline levels in the leaves rose from 695.35 µg/g to 1125.21 µg/g under 10 days of water shortage, while no significant changes were detected in the content of trigonelline in the roots. We determined the gene encoding areca trigonelline synthase (AcTS) by conducting a bioinformatic search of the areca genome database. Sequence analysis revealed that AcTS is highly homologous to the trigonelline synthases in Coffea arabica (CaTS 1 and CaTS 2) and all possess a conserved S-adenosyl- L-methionine binding motif. The overexpression of AcTS in Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated that AcTS is responsible for the generation of trigonelline in transgenic Arabidopsis, which in turn improves the drought resilience of transgenic Arabidopsis. This finding enriches our understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanism of the response of areca to water shortage and provides a foundation for improving the drought tolerance of areca seedlings.
2 x 2 Hybrid Beamforming MIMO System for Millimeter Wave Communication

The increase in growing traffic explosion in wireless communication system has recently drawn great attention to the large amount of underutilized spectrum is millimetre wave (mmWave) communication system as a potential candidate. Beamforming (BF) is an efficient technique to increase the capacity of the wireless communication systems. We proposed an efficient and less complex novel hybrid beamforming technique to maximize the channel capacity for large scale antenna system. A large number of transmit and receive antennas are partitioned into two BF groups. The optimal BF vectors of the groups are found to maximize the channel capacity in a mmWave channel. The algorithm is based on calculating the transmit and receive BF vectors for the partitioned antennas group, which focused on optimizing the BF vectors alternatively at the transmitter and receiver. The algorithm aims at maximizing the product of the dominant singular values of the partitioned channel matrices, thus maximizing the determinant of the 2 × 2 large scale MIMO system and eventually results in increase capacity of the system. The effectiveness of the beamforming algorithm is verified by extensive simulation results. Simulation results show considerable increase in the capacity of the system at high signal to noise ratio (SNR).
A Preliminary Study of Assessing Gaze, Interoception and School Performance among Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Feasibility of VR Classroom

Children with developmental disabilities (DDs) have sensory modulation disorders that interrelate school performance. Virtual reality (VR) has demonstrated the potential to become a neuropsychological assessment modality. This study was conducted to explore the feasibility of the VR classroom for assessing their characteristics of gaze, school performance, and interoception. School-aged children were assigned to the DD group or control group. A VR classroom was designed to evaluate their gaze patterns to distracting events. Interoception was assessed using the Heart Rate Perception test and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). The DD group had a significantly longer gaze duration on the virtual teacher during 30–45 s of the VR classroom event (p < 0.05). The mean score of the quiz and the Heart Rate Perception test showed a significant tendency to be lower than the children of the control group. The DD group scored significantly lower in six of eight subscales of the MAIA. These results showed the potential of VR classroom to evaluate the difference of sensory modulation between school-aged children with DDs and typically developed children. Future research is necessary to investigate the validity of the VR environment used in this study.
Transport and Logistics and their Influence on Export Costs

Transport and logistics belong to the category of services in the international trade, which cannot be currently separated from export and import of goods or substituted by another shipment technology. They have been a standard calculation item in the export costs structure for a long time, where they constitute the so-called delivery costs, and, in addition to other calculated exchange costs (export costs) they influence the added value in the export price. The research of a calculation structure of exchange costs in export prices is a core subject of this paper. In this context, we focused on two problem areas. The first area dealt with three issues: 1. In what way can the commonly used calculation structure of export costs be expanded to include transaction costs as understood by Coase and Williamson? 2. Does export involve any exchange costs whose increase can have positive impact on the value added? 3. What are the effects of their mutual substitution? The second problem area focused on interpretation of the changing status of transport and logistics in export in relation to including transaction costs into export calculation and the related influence of information and communication technologies. The main theoretical background was presented by Porter’s theories of competitiveness [1 and 2], mainly the new business models of industrial companies in relation to implementation of modern information technologies (the third IT wave and production of smart connected products) and to theories of transaction costs according to Coase [3 and 4] and Williamson [5], which deal with contracts and ownership rights on the company level in the so-called golden triangle: contract, ownership and transaction costs. We used empirical research results published in works on transport demand of commodities in the international trade [6], on time as a barrier to trade [7 and 8], on resources and capacities influencing company export performance [9], on exchange costs [10], on alternative methodology to estimate the size of the transaction cost sector [11], on the empirical estimates of transaction costs [12]. The contribution is divided into three parts: the first part introduces a hypothetical calculation structure of export costs including transaction costs according to Coase and Williamson; the second part deals with methodology of measuring the value of export costs (exchange costs), as well as measuring the effects of their substitution and the follow-up specification of costs with positive or negative character in relation to their impact on the value added; in the third part, we used our findings regarding the importance of including resources in export costs of positive character to interpret the changing status of transport and logistics in time, with a special focus on information and communication technologies. TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON EXPORT COSTS Heda Hansenova Vaclav Cempirek Petr Novak *
Whole-Body Vibration Experienced by Pilots, Passengers and Crew in Fixed-Wing Aircraft: A State-of-the-Science Review

Before the coronavirus pandemic, there were 4.5 billion passenger movements by aircraft annually; this is expected to recover after the pandemic. Despite the large numbers of flights per year, there are few reports of whole-body vibration in fixed-wing aircraft. This paper reports a review of literature intended to collate reported data related to exposure to whole-body vibration. Following a filtering process to select relevant articles, a literature search elicited 26 papers reporting measurements of vibration. These included measurements made in the cockpit and cabin, and for pilots, crew and passengers. Aircraft included military, commercial and passenger aircraft, turboprops, jets and piston prop aircraft. There was a lack of consistency on measurement method and analysis, and few met the full requirements of ISO 2631-1. However, measurements showed significant components of vibration at frequencies largely attenuated by the ISO frequency weighting filters, but have been shown to be important in terms of human vibration perception. Propeller aircraft showed strong tonal components in vibration frequency spectra. There was also a significant effect of the flight phase in the vibration exposure. It is recommended that the body of literature related to human response to whole-body vibration on aircraft is augmented with further studies in order to understand in-flight experiences and to optimize human health, wellbeing, comfort and performance.
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses and Distortions in Butt Weld in Simulation Programme Sysweld

Welding induced residual stress and distortions are among the most situated subjects for welded structures. The localized heating and non-uniform cooling during welding results in a complex distribution of the residual stress in the joint region, as well as the often undesirable deformation or distortion of the welded structure. As residual stress and distortion can significantly impair the performance and reliability of the welded structure, they must be properly dealt with during design, fabrication and in-service use of the welded structures [1].
Impaired Functional Connectivity Underlies Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability, is caused by a developmentally regulated silencing of the FMR1 gene, but its effect on human neuronal network development and function is not fully understood. Here, we isolated isogenic human embryonic stem cell (hESC) subclones—one with a full FX mutation and one that is free of the mutation (control) but shares the same genetic background—differentiated them into induced neurons (iNs) by forced expression of NEUROG-1, and compared the functional properties of the derived neuronal networks. High-throughput image analysis demonstrates that FX-iNs have significantly smaller cell bodies and reduced arborizations than the control. Both FX- and control-neurons can discharge repetitive action potentials, and FX neuronal networks are also able to generate spontaneous excitatory synaptic currents with slight differences from the control, demonstrating that iNs generate more mature neuronal networks than the previously used protocols. MEA analysis demonstrated that FX networks are hyperexcitable with significantly higher spontaneous burst-firing activity compared to the control. Most importantly, cross-correlation analysis enabled quantification of network connectivity to demonstrate that the FX neuronal networks are significantly less synchronous than the control, which can explain the origin of the development of intellectual dysfunction associated with FXS.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Enables Molecular Characterization of Non-Clonal Group 258 High-Risk Clones (ST13, ST17, ST147 and ST307) among Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a Tertiary University Hospital Centre in Portugal

The carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) strains have been identified by the World Health Organization as critical priority pathogens in research and development of diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines. However, recent molecular information about carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRK) epidemiology in Portugal is still scarce. Thus, this study aimed to provide the molecular epidemiology, resistome, and virulome of CRK clinical strains recovered from a tertiary care hospital centre (2019–2021) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the advanced molecular technique whole-genome sequencing (WGS). PCR amplification of carbapenemase genes was performed in 437 carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains. The most frequent carbapenemases were: KPC-3 (42%), followed by OXA-181 (20%), GES-5 (0.2%), and NDM-1 (0.2%). Additionally, 10 strains (2%) coproduced KPC-3 and OXA-181, and 1 strain coproduced KPC-3 and OXA-48 (0.2%). The genomic population structure of 68 strains characterized by WGS demonstrated the ongoing dissemination of four main high-risk clones: ST13, ST17, ST147, and ST307, while no clones belonging to the European predominant clonal groups (CG15 and CG258) were found. Moreover, we describe one K. pneumoniae ST39-KL62 that coproduced the NDM-1 carbapenemase and the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M-15, and one K. pneumoniae ST29-KL54 GES-5 and BEL-1 coproducer. Furthermore, a high prevalence of iron siderophores were present in all CRK strains, with several strains presenting both colibactin and the hypermucoviscosity phenotype. Thus, the data presented here highlight an uncommon molecular epidemiology pattern in Portugal when compared with most European countries, further supporting the emergence and dissemination of nonclonal group 258 hypervirulent multidrug high-risk clones and the need to promote in-depth hospital molecular surveillance studies.
3D Detection of Vehicles from 2D Images in Traffic Surveillance

: Trafﬁc surveillance systems use monocular cameras and automatic visual algorithms to locate and observe trafﬁc movement. Object detection results in 2D object boxes around vehicles, which relate to inaccurate real-world locations. In this paper, we employ the existing KM3D CNN-based 3D detection model, which directly estimates 3D boxes around vehicles in the camera image. However, the KM3D model has only been applied earlier in autonomous driving use cases with different camera viewpoints. However, 3D annotation datasets are not available for trafﬁc surveillance, requiring the construction of a new dataset for training the 3D detector. We propose and validate four different annotation conﬁgurations that generate 3D box annotations using only camera calibration, scene information (static vanishing points) and existing 2D annotations. Our novel Simple box method does not require segmentation of vehicles and provides a more simple 3D box construction, which assumes a ﬁxed predeﬁned vehicle width. The Simple box pipeline provides the best 3D object detection results, resulting in 51.9% AP3D using KM3D trained on this data. The 3D object detector can estimate an accurate 3D box up to a distance of 125 meters from the camera, with a median middle point mean error of only 0.5-1.0 meter.
A Computational Model of Bacterial Population Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Yersinia enterocolitica Infections in Mice

Simple Summary Computational modeling of bacterial infection is an attractive way to simulate infection scenarios. In the long-term, such models could be used to identify factors that make individuals more susceptible to infection, or how interference with bacterial growth influences the course of bacterial infection. This study used different mouse infection models (immunocompetent, lacking a microbiota, and immunodeficient models) to develop a basic mathematical model of a Yersinia enterocolitica gastrointestinal infection. We showed that our model can reflect our findings derived from mouse infections, and we demonstrated how crucial the exact knowledge about parameters influencing the population dynamics is. Still, we think that computational models will be of great value in the future; however, to foster the development of more complex models, we propose the broad implementation of the interdisciplinary training of mathematicians and biologists. Abstract The complex interplay of a pathogen with its virulence and fitness factors, the host’s immune response, and the endogenous microbiome determine the course and outcome of gastrointestinal infection. The expansion of a pathogen within the gastrointestinal tract implies an increased risk of developing severe systemic infections, especially in dysbiotic or immunocompromised individuals. We developed a mechanistic computational model that calculates and simulates such scenarios, based on an ordinary differential equation system, to explain the bacterial population dynamics during gastrointestinal infection. For implementing the model and estimating its parameters, oral mouse infection experiments with the enteropathogen, Yersinia enterocolitica (Ye), were carried out. Our model accounts for specific pathogen characteristics and is intended to reflect scenarios where colonization resistance, mediated by the endogenous microbiome, is lacking, or where the immune response is partially impaired. Fitting our data from experimental mouse infections, we can justify our model setup and deduce cues for further model improvement. The model is freely available, in SBML format, from the BioModels Database under the accession number MODEL2002070001.
Robotic orthosis to assist overhead operations for double hull structure

The design of a new robotic orthosis to fully assist various overhead operations in the shipbuilding industry is proposed, and a dynamics simulation and an experimental study are conducted to validate the performance of impedance control of the new orthosis. There are considerable payloads from cables and reaction forces from injection parts during the blasting cleaning and painting in the shipbuilding process, and these can lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the shoulder and elbow joints. Thus, in this research, the entire robotic orthosis designed for the dynamics simulation consists of joints with a total of 6 degrees of freedom (DOF): a 2-DOF shoulder, a 1-DOF elbow, and a 3-DOF wrist. The equations of motion of the designed robotic orthosis have been obtained on the basis of a relative-coordinate formulation. The contact force between the robotic orthosis and the human hand, gravitational force, and the control forces were considered as external forces. The results of the dynamics simulation are significant and show that the transient motions of robotic orthosis can be well controlled by using an impedance control scheme, while the compliance control is able to control only the steady-state motions. The control of transient motions is important because any unexpected impact forces or undesired dynamic behaviours in human–robot interactions may negatively affect both the worker's physical conditions and the quality of the work. Thus, in this research, we validate the suitability of the impedance control scheme in the described applications. Moreover, for simplicity of the experimental study and for considering the minimally required DOF in painting and blasting, only 3-DOF motions were considered in the dynamics simulation in this research. Finally, the obtained experimental results fully support the idea that the impedance control scheme is appropriate to control the robotic orthosis for overhead operations requiring a high degree of accuracy.
Factors Associated with Microdamage to Single-Use Flexible Ureteroscope: Prospective Ex Vivo Post-Use Analysis

This prospective ex vivo study investigated microdamage to single-use flexible ureteroscopes (fURS) after ureteroscopy and endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery (ECIRS). The performance of 30 WiScope devices (OTU Medical, San Jose, CA, USA) was examined immediately after use, dividing them into three equal groups: ureteroscopy and ECIRS in the prone and supine positions. The overall scope microdamage assessment included the scope deflection, bending radius, resolution, and water flow rate. Additionally, we analyzed the association between scope status and surgical parameters. The deflection, bending radius, and resolution remained similarly above the thresholds in all groups. However, the water flow rate was below the threshold in seven scopes (70%) in the ureteroscopy group and none in the ECIRS groups (P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses demonstrated that basket wire catheter use was associated with an increased risk for overall scope microdamage (odds ratio [OR], 22.70; P = 0.006 and OR, 22.40; P = 0.019, respectively). Stone size, total laser energy, and surgical position were not associated with a risk for scope microdamage. In conclusion, ureteroscopy was more closely associated with scope damage than ECIRS, and basket wire catheter use seemed to inflict more damage to the fURS.
ENGLISH TEACHERS QUESTIONS IN PROMOTING STUDENTS THINKING SKILL IN SMK NEGERI 10 MEDAN

This study deals with teachers’ questions in promoting students’ thinking skill. The objectives of this study were to reveal the types of questions based on taxonomy that teachers used in classroom communicative practices and how the teachers employed strategies to stimulate students’ responses towards the teachers’ questions. A descriptive qualitative design was used in this study. The data was collected by observing two teachers in two classes of grade twelve. The findings of this study showed that the teachers used all of questions types. The type of teachers’ questions which were commonly used by the two teachers is Productive Questions. The cognitive domain which can be achieved from productive categories is creating level. Teacher A mostly used evaluative question. The cognitive domain which can be achieved from evaluative category is evaluating level. While, Teacher B mostly used productive questions. The cognitive domain which can be achieved from productive category is creating level. Furthermore, the less questions appearing is Empirical Question. So, the researcher can conclude that teachers’ questions can promote higher order questions instead of lower order questions. In addition, the two teachers used some strategies to stimulate students’ responses towards the teachers’ questions. Teacher A used rephrasing strategy, simplification strategy, decomposition strategy, and probing strategy, while Teacher B used rephrasing strategy, repetition strategy, and decomposition strategy.Keywords : Teachers Questions, Cognitive Domain, Question Strategy
Crop Residue Return Rather than Organic Manure Increases Soil Aggregate Stability under Corn–Soybean Rotation in Surface Mollisols

Fertilization practices change soil organic carbon content and distribution, which is relevant to crop rotation and soil aggregates. However, how fertilization management under corn–soybean rotation affects soil organic carbon and aggregate stability at different soil depths in Mollisols is unclear. The effects of 6–yr fertilization under corn–soybean rotation on aggregate stability, soil organic carbon content and storage, and size distribution in soil aggregates were investigated. Five different fertilization practices were carried out in 2013: corn and soybean without fertilizer; corn with chemical fertilizer, soybean without fertilizer; corn with chemical fertilizer, soybean without fertilizer, returning the corn and soybean residues; corn and soybean with chemical fertilizer; and corn with chemical fertilizer, soybean with farmyard manure. Compared with corn and soybean without fertilizer, returning the corn and soybean residues increased bulk SOC content, and enhanced mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter values at 0–10 cm because of increased water–stability aggregates (WSA) larger than 2 mm proportion and decreased WSA<0.053mm proportion. Simultaneously, corn with chemical fertilizer and soybean with farmyard manure increased bulk soil organic carbon content but reduced mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter values at 0–20 cm due to increased WSA<0.053mm proportion and decreased WSA>2mm proportion. Altogether, the application of consecutive returning crop residues and chemical fertilizer in alternate years is the most favorable approach for soil organic carbon accumulation and aggregate stability at 0–10 cm under corn–soybean rotation in Mollisols.