Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a structurally optimized bioinspired structural arrangement of carbon composite fuselage of unmanned aerial vehicle based on parametric modeling

Currently, the industry of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is actively developing. They perform a wide range of different civilian and military tasks. Depending on the task, stringent requirements are imposed on the design, but the key ones are low weight, high strength and survivability. Satisfying these requirements will increase the payload mass and extend the life of the product. This can be ensured by the use of polymer composite materials (PCM) based on carbon fibers and new structural arrangement. This is especially true for the main element of the UAV frame –the fuselage. The work is devoted to an urgent task –the development of a new UAV composite structural layout. Structural-optimized structures are considered: bioinspired, auxetic, grid structures. A comparison of the developed options with the classical structure of the frame is carried out. A variant that exceeds the classical layout in terms of mass and strength up to 25% is selected. Main layout parameters are determined.
Laparoscopic versus open liver resection for treatment of liver tumors: Early experience outcomes

Abstract Background Although minimally invasive liver surgery has been increasingly practiced worldwide, the lack of experience is a barrier for numerous surgeons to initiate. This study aims to compare the outcome of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) versus open liver resection (OLR) by surgeons who begin to conduct both procedures through the same period. Materials and Methods We retrospectively analyzed the demographic data, the perioperative data, and the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent liver resection for the treatment of liver tumors. All procedures were operated by three hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons. Results In total, 56 hepatectomies were performed, 13 patients in the LLR group with an average Iwate score of 5 and 43 patients in the OLR group were included in the study. After propensity score matching, comparing 13 patients each of the LLR and OLR groups, the operative time (316.5 vs 315.4 minutes, P = 0.98) and the amount of blood loss (929 vs 1500 mL, P = 0.23) were not different. The postoperative length of stay was significantly shorter in the LR group (6 vs 12 days, P = 0.009). The LLR group had a lower severity of the complications (P = 0.02), and the mortality rate was zero in both groups. The margin-free status did not differ between the LLR and OLR groups (92.3% vs 76.9%, P = 0.28). Conclusions For hepatopancreatobiliary surgeons with limited experience, LLR is safe to meticulously proceed for liver lesions. The advantage of LLR is less severity of the complications, decrease postoperative hospital stays, and most importantly the margin-free status is comparable between both groups.
Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil Using Natural and Chemical Materials as Catalyst

Due to the greenhouse effect of increased fossil fuel use, resulting in an increase in the period during which fossil fuels will remain available. Because of its advantages for the environment and its production from renewable resources, biodiesel has grown more appealing. As there is a supply of used cooking oil, interest in producing biodiesel is rising. This research examines how CaO and sawdust function as heterogeneous catalysts in transesterification regarding ethanol to produce bio-diesel from the used cooking oil. The impacts of the subsequent variables on the yield of the created biodiesel were investigated. Those parameters include the catalyst concentration (0.5-3 wt%), reaction period (1-4 hr), the molar ratio of ethanol to oil (8:1– 20:1), and temperature (45 to 80 °C). This led to the discovery that CaO catalyst is more efficient compared to the sawdust catalyst, with the maximum percentage yield being 75% for the sawdust catalyst and 95% for the CaO catalyst under catalyst conditions (0.50%), ethanol oil molar ratio of 20:1, and 65 Celsius temperature for 3 hours. It was evident from the results that the biodiesel fuel produced by the catalyst developed in this study fell within the acceptable range of biodiesel fuel.
Development and characterization of a two-photon fluorescence microscope for collagen tissue based on a nanosecond laser

The structural and microscopic examination of cartilage and tendon tissue is of central interest for the characterization of torn ligament healing or pathological tissue changes. Conventional microscopy or optical coherence tomography methods can only partially resolve tissue types and their structural orientation. Two or multiphoton microscopy and second harmonic generation provide information about the material composition or alignment of nanoscaled structural proteins. In most systems, femtosecond lasers are used, which leads to high system costs and requires special system components. The aim of this work is to investigate a narrowband nanosecond laser with a pulse energy several orders of magnitude higher, reducing the required number of laser pulses to be averaged per pixel. Second harmonic generation and two photon excited fluorescence can be used to non-invasively examine deeper tissue structures. High lateral resolution was achieved by scanning the sample. Simultaneous real-time visualization of collagenous and cellular structures was attained. Defined aligned collagenous fibers of a sheep tendon were investigated. The anisotropy of the collagenous structures could be demonstrated. It was possible to realize a two-dimensional imaging method with a maximum point density of 5080 PPI and a numerical aperture of 0.15. The method allows the simultaneous separate observation of collagen fibers through the use of second harmonic generation and cellular tissue using a narrow-band nanosecond laser for two photon excited fluorescence.
Substitution rate estimation of molecular markers to evaluate evolutionary aspects in ladybird beetles

In this study, we examined the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers and mtDNA markers for their use in the prospecting of 480 ladybird species belonging to 14 tribes to assess the evolutionary topology and substi-tution rates. Substitution patterns of the respective mark-e rs were estimated using a cascade of algorithms such as pa irwise sequence comparisons, maximum likelihood esti-m ates of the substitution matrix, transitions/transver-sions ( ti / tv ) and gamma parameters with a suitable substitution model. Maximum likelihood (ML) estimates showed that COI ( R = 1.16) and COII ( R = 1.36) were more biased towards transitions. COI has a higher ti / tv ratio indicating more substitutions and less divergence a mong the species in the phylogenetic tree, though it ha d moderate bootstrap support. ML and Bayesian analysis were used to construct the morphology character matrix and molecular datasets in order to establish the evolutionary relationship. All the characters of male and female genitalia supported mophyletic topology. The phylogenetic results of molecular datasets suggest that most of the taxa significantly support monophyly. Phylogenetic analysis depict COI consists of more substitu-tion as it shows less divergence among species.
THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN PHASES OF RURAL WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN THE KORO REGION OF MALI, WEST AFRICA

Permanent access to safe and sustainable water sources is a major concern for much of rural and peri-urban sub-Saharan West Africa. In response to this problem, many international, regional and local water supply development organizations are currently working to improve the level of access that the local populations have to safe and sustainable water sources. The West Africa Water Initiative (WAWI) was launched in Ghana, Mali and Niger in 2002 to promote broader partnerships between the various organizations working in the water supply development sector in the region. As part of this collaborative effort, the Cornell International Institute for Food, Agriculture and Development (CIIFAD), one of the founding partners of WAWI, has supported and funded the present study. The ultimate goal of this study is to generate a useful knowledge base that can be accessed by WAWI partners and other actors in the Malian water supply development sector to improve the sustainability of rural water supply projects in the region. To this effect, domestic water-use patterns, choice-of-technology preferences, sustainability perceptions, regional pump conditions and general hygiene practices were observed and recorded during a ten-month study in the Koro district of the Mopti region in Mali. This research has contributed insight into the complex nature of the rural water supply situation in the Koro region of Mali. Choice-of-technology preferences vary according to several factors including local perception of water scarcity, individual water use requirements, and previous experience with various technologies. Sustainability of various types of water supply infrastructure is dependent upon the degree to which the technology corresponds to the needs of the local community and the community’s ability to maintain and repair it over time. Considering the poor state of the manual pumps observed in the district of Koro, it is apparent that efforts need to be made to ameliorate the situation. Learning from previous development projects, the latest approaches address the problems of the limited availability of spare parts, the absence of trained technicians at the local level and the limited role of women in the pump management scheme. Dedicating more time and resources to the maintenance and management aspects of rural water supply development is a positive action and should help to improve sustainability of newly installed water supply infrastructure. However, the continued lack of community involvement in the decision-making phase of water supply development projects, deeply entrenched patriarchal structures that continue to constrain leadership and decision making participation of women and minorities, principal stakeholders in water use, and the potentially global inappropriateness of manual pumps as a sustainable long-term option remain to be addressed.
The study on the complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi and its phylogenetic position

Abstract Pleuronectidae is a well-studied familyin the order Pleuronectiformes. In contrast, genetic research on the flatfish Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi of the Pleuronectidae family is limited. This study reports the complete mitogenome of A. nadeshnyi. The mitogenome was 17,206 bases long and included 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a putative control region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequences of the 13 PCGs confirmed that A. nadeshnyi belongs to the Pleuronectidae family.
Determining the Relationship between the Level of Self-efficacy and Quality of Life on Coping with Depression

Background: Individuals’ high self-efficacy has a positive effect on coping diagnosed with depression. This positive effect also contributes to the improvement of the quality of life. Aim: The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship between self-efficacy in coping with depression and quality of life. Methods: The study used a descriptive design. The sample of the study consisted of 78 patients followed up with a diagnosis of depression in the psychiatry department of a hospital. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Questionnaire form, depression coping self-efficacy scale (DCSES), and SF-12 quality of life scale were used. Data were evaluated with descriptive statistics, comparison statistics, and correlation analysis. Results: It was determined that the patients diagnosed with depression had moderate self-efficacy perceptions. When the scores of the patients from the scales were examined, the mean score for the physical health summary score component of the SF-12 quality of life scale was 43.36 ± 6.5 and the mean score for the mental health summary score component was 44.92 ± 8.2. In the correlation analysis, a very high, positive, and significant relationship was found between DCSES and SF-12. Conclusion: This study revealed the necessity of self-efficacy in improving the quality of life of patients diagnosed with depression. Improving self-efficacy and quality of life as a part of nursing interventions can contribute to the resolution of mental problems.
RESPONSE OF BROILER CHICKENS FED AFLATOXIN MAIZE-BASED DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF MYCOTOXIN BINDER

The efficacy of varying levels of mycotoxin binder supplementation on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum metabolites of broiler chickens fed aflatoxin maize-based diets was assessed. A total of four hundred and thirty-two (432), one-day-old Hubbard Cobb hybrid broilers were used for the experiment. The chicks were equally weighed and allotted to 12 dietary treatments in a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement of an activated clay toxin binder at three different inclusion levels (0 g/kg, 0.1 g/kg and 0.2 g/kg) of feed challenged with 4 levels of aflatoxin B, (0, 40, 60 and 80 ppb). Thirty-six chicks were allocated to each treatment group and replicated three times with 12 chicks per replicate in deep litter for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the birds were starved overnight prior to blood collection, three birds per treatment were selected on the basis of average pen weight. Blood samples were collected for serum and haematological analysis. Data collected were subjected to One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SAS software. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) differences in the total protein (TP) content across the dietary treatments. Interaction between aflatoxin and binder levels showed a significant (p < 0.05) effect only on the Alanine amino transferase (ALT) of the birds. Addition of mycotoxin binder (clay type) to aflatoxin contaminated diets was able to ameliorate the effect of aflatoxin on birds regardless of the level at which it was supplemented. Inclusion of 1 % binder in the diets is therefore recommended and feed ingredients for feed formulations be always subjected to test for aflatoxins.
Nano-caractérisation des mécanismes de commutation dans les mémoires résistives à base d'HfO2

Le numerique prend une place de plus en plus importante dans la vie de tous les jours et les quantites de donnees echangees explosent ce qui impose de developper des memoires de plus en plus performantes, enjeu majeur du secteur de la microelectronique. Parmi les memoires non-volatiles emergentes, les memoires OxRRAM a base d'oxyde resistif sont particulierement attrayantes et representent un candidat potentiel au remplacement des memoires FLASH (compatibles avec la technologie CMOS, faibles tensions de programmation). Leur structure est simple (Metal-Isolant-Metal) et leur fonctionnement est base sur une commutation de resistance sous l'effet d'un champ electrique. Si le mecanisme de formation/dissolution d'un filament conducteur de taille nanometrique est reconnu par la communaute, un debat subsiste encore sur la nature et les caracteristiques du/des filaments dans le cas de l'oxyde HfO2 (lacunes d'oxygene, element metallique). En nous appuyant sur des methodes de la microscopie electronique en transmission - STEM-HAADF et STEM-EELS - cette these apporte des elements de comprehension par rapport aux modifications d'etat physico-chimique qui s'operent lors des differentes etapes du fonctionnement d'une memoire (FORMING, RESET) et ceci a l'echelle nanometrique definie par la taille du filament conducteur. L'empilement TiN/Ti/HfO2/TiN, prepare selon les procedes de la microelectronique, a ete integre dans differentes architectures (1R, 1T1R) avec une electrode superieure structuree (50 a 200 nm) pour confiner la zone de conduction dans un volume fini compatible avec la MET puis polarise selon differentes methodes (C-AFM, banc de mesure et TEM in-situ). Lorsque les effets thermiques sont controles, l'analyse des cartographies chimiques elementaires montre que le titane de l'electrode superieure participe au mecanisme de commutation (migration localisee dans la couche HfO2) en plus de la depletion en oxygene a l'interface HfO2/electrode inferieure et probablement aux joints de grains dans HfO2.
Development of a Type Zoning Model for Zululand Coral Reefs, Sodwana Bay, South Africa

The coral patch reefs of the northern Natal coast are unique, being some of the most southerly in the world, and relatively unspoilt. Two-Mile Reef at Sodwana Bay has been used to develop a physiographic and biological zoning model for Zululand coral reefs which has been applied to other reefs in the region. The Zululand reefs are formed by a thin veneer of Indo-Pacific type corals which have colonized a submerged, late Pleistocene sandstone outcrop. The sedimentary facies beneath the corals were formed as a regressive coastal dune and beach sequence. Two-Mile Reef is a windward reef, and the zones are parallel to the north-northeast south-southwest reef/coast trend. Eight distinct zones can be recognized and differentiated on the basis of physiographic and biological characteristics. The reef fauna is dominated by an abundance of alcyonarian (soft) corals, which constitute 60 to 70% of the total oral fauna. The Two-Mile Reef zoning model has been successfully applied to larger reefs such as Red Sands Reef, and smaller patch reefs: Four-Mile and Seven-Mile Reefs which are in the same general area. Alcyonarian corals, physiographic and biological zoning, reef-base, southwestern Indo-Pacific faunal province, thin veneer reefs, three-dimensional reef
On Efficient Online Imitation Learning via Classification

Imitation learning (IL) is a general learning paradigm for tackling sequential decision-making problems. Interactive imitation learning, where learners can interactively query for expert demonstrations, has been shown to achieve provably superior sample efficiency guarantees compared with its offline counterpart or reinforcement learning. In this work, we study classification-based online imitation learning (abbrev. $\textbf{COIL}$) and the fundamental feasibility to design oracle-efficient regret-minimization algorithms in this setting, with a focus on the general nonrealizable case. We make the following contributions: (1) we show that in the $\textbf{COIL}$ problem, any proper online learning algorithm cannot guarantee a sublinear regret in general; (2) we propose $\textbf{Logger}$, an improper online learning algorithmic framework, that reduces $\textbf{COIL}$ to online linear optimization, by utilizing a new definition of mixed policy class; (3) we design two oracle-efficient algorithms within the $\textbf{Logger}$ framework that enjoy different sample and interaction round complexity tradeoffs, and conduct finite-sample analyses to show their improvements over naive behavior cloning; (4) we show that under the standard complexity-theoretic assumptions, efficient dynamic regret minimization is infeasible in the $\textbf{Logger}$ framework. Our work puts classification-based online imitation learning, an important IL setup, into a firmer foundation.
A Simple Markov Chain

In this paper, Markov chain is used to model the reproduction of the fixed finite population, and use binomial distribution to discuss the probability of gen inheritance between generations population genes and establish transfer matrix ,using conditional mathematics expect to obtain the probability of absorption at 0 and at 2N only depends on the initial fraction of A gene, and this also must be a fixation probability of gene A , and this conclusion is the same as the results of MATLAB simulation.
A re-assessment of fertility trends in 17 Sub-Saharan African countries

Some recent studies have suggested that fertility decline has slowed down in several sub-Saharan Africa countries, but have reached contradictory conclusions. This thesis re-assessed fertility trends in 17 sub-Saharan African countries over two decades. The first part of this study examined the data quality of 63 Demographic and Health Surveys. Date and age misreporting, particularly age displacement of children, was prevalent and the degrees varied across the surveys within the countries, which have affected fertility trends. Using a Loess regression and adjusting for common errors, trend estimation methods were introduced. The new methods produced both robust trend estimates and uncertainty intervals. The results pointed out the limitations of DHS data for trend estimation and the weakness of the earlier studies. In six countries the pace of decline has more than halved since the 1980s, but no country has it ceased entirely. The second part of the thesis proposed modifications in Bongaarts’ proximate determinants framework and applied them in order to explore the extent to which changes in proximate determinants support the Loess fertility trends. The results suggested that the changes in each proximate determinant varied greatly across the countries, and other proximate determinants, apart from contraception, have played important roles in inhibiting fertility in the region. Changes in sexual activity among married and unmarried were found. Overall, the trends of the TFR estimates from the proximate determinants framework were consistent with those of the Loess estimations. Specifically, the projected TFRs in the five countries (Benin, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Zambia) where the Loess estimates depicted deceleration also failed to decline in the same periods. The study recommends careful assessments of fertility trends using the rigorous methods, balancing the quality and quantity of questions in the DHS Questionnaire, and further research on marriage and family systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
Contemporary Aspects of Designing Marine Polysaccharide Microparticles as Drug Carriers for Biomedical Application

The main goal of modern pharmaceutical technology is to create new drug formulations that are safer and more effective. These formulations should allow targeted drug delivery, improved drug stability and bioavailability, fewer side effects, and reduced drug toxicity. One successful approach for achieving these objectives is using polymer microcarriers for drug delivery. They are effective for treating various diseases through different administration routes. When creating pharmaceutical systems, choosing the right drug carrier is crucial. Biomaterials have become increasingly popular over the past few decades due to their lack of toxicity, renewable sources, and affordability. Marine polysaccharides, in particular, have been widely used as substitutes for synthetic polymers in drug carrier applications. Their inherent properties, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility, make marine polysaccharide-based microcarriers a prospective platform for developing drug delivery systems. This review paper explores the principles of microparticle design using marine polysaccharides as drug carriers. By reviewing the current literature, the paper highlights the challenges of formulating polymer microparticles, and proposes various technological solutions. It also outlines future perspectives for developing marine polysaccharides as drug microcarriers.