Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymptotically improved convergence of optimized perturbation theory in the Bose-Einstein condensation problem

We investigate the convergence properties of optimized perturbation theory, or linear $\ensuremath{\delta}$ expansion (LDE), within the context of finite temperature phase transitions. Our results prove the reliability of these methods, recently employed in the determination of the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ for a system of a weakly interacting homogeneous dilute Bose gas. We carry out explicit LDE optimized calculations and also the infrared analysis of the relevant quantities involved in the determination of ${T}_{c}$ in the large-$N$ limit, when the relevant effective static action describing the system is extended to $\mathrm{O}(N)$ symmetry. Then, using an efficient resummation method, we show how the LDE can already exactly reproduce the known large-$N$ result for ${T}_{c}$ at the first nontrivial order. Next, we consider the finite $N=2$ case where, using similar resummation techniques, we improve the analytical results for the nonperturbative terms involved in the expression for the critical temperature, allowing comparison with recent Monte Carlo estimates of them. To illustrate the method, we have considered a simple geometric series showing how the procedure as a whole works consistently in a general case.
Average optimal cost for the Euclidean TSP in one dimension

The traveling salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity of its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We study the traveling salesman problem when the positions of the cities are chosen at random in the unit interval and the cost associated with the travel between two cities is their distance elevated to an arbitrary power . We characterize the optimal cycle and compute the average optimal cost for every number of cities when the measure used to choose the position of the cities is flat and asymptotically for large number of cities in the other cases. We also show that the optimal cost is a self-averaging quantity, and we test our analytical results with extensive simulations.
Resilient H ∞ Filtering for Stochastic Systems with Randomly Occurring Gain Variations, Nonlinearities and Channel Fadings

In this paper, the resilient H ∞ ﬁltering problem for a class of stochastically uncertain discrete-time systems with randomly occurring gain variations, nonlinearities (RONs) and channel fadings is investigated. Considering the existences of random parameter ﬂuctuations in both actual plant and ﬁlter, a sequence of mutually independent random variables with known probabilistic distribution is utilized to better describe the stochastic characteristics. The phenomenon RONs, which is regulated by random variables with Bernoulli distribution, is used to reﬂect the reality that actual systems are generally nonlinear. The system measurement with channel fadings is described by the stochastic Rice fading model, where the channel coefﬁcients are a set of mutually independent random variables with any probability density function. It is worthwhile to mention that a series of slack matrix variables are exploited to eliminate the coupling between the plant matrices and the designed ﬁlter parameters by providing free dimensions in the solution space. The purpose of this paper is to design a resilient H ∞ ﬁlter such that the ﬁltering error system is asymptotically stable with a prescribed H ∞ performance level. And sufﬁcient conditions for ﬁlter design are eventually converted into solving a convex optimization problem over linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example is presented to illustrate effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Inflation in realistic D-brane models

We find successful models of D-brane/anti-brane inflation within a string context. We work within the GKP-LT class of type IIB string vacua for which many moduli are stabilized through fluxes, as recently modified to include `realistic' orbifold sectors containing standard-model type particles. We allow all moduli to roll when searching for inflationary solutions and find that inflation is not generic inasmuch as special choices must be made for the parameters describing the vacuum. But given these choices inflation can occur for a reasonably wide range of initial conditions for the brane and antibrane. We find that D-terms associated with the orbifold blowing-up modes play an important role in the inflationary dynamics. Since the models contain a standard-model-like sector after inflation, they open up the possibility of addressing reheating issues. We calculate predictions for the CMB temperature fluctuations and find that these can be consistent with observations, but are generically not deep within the scale-invariant regime and so can allow appreciable values for dns/dln k as well as predicting a potentially observable gravity-wave signal. It is also possible to generate some admixture of isocurvature fluctuations.
New Criteria of Robust H ∞ Stability for Fuzzy Mixed-Delay Systems with Nonlinear Noise Disturbances

This paper investigates new criteria of the robust H ∞ stability for a class of uncertain stochastic fuzzy mixed-delay systems with nonlinear noise disturbances by employing an improved free-weighting matrix approach. The fuzzy system is based on the Takagi–Sugeno model that is often used to represent the complex nonlinear systems in terms of fuzzy sets and fuzzy reasoning. To reﬂect more realistic dynamical behaviors of the system, both the parameter uncertainties and stochastic disturbances are considered,thestochasticdisturbancesaregivenintheformofaBrownianmotion.Themixeddelayscomprisebothdiscreteanddistributedtime-varyingdelays.IntermsofastochasticfuzzyLyapunovfunctional,asufﬁcientcriterionisproposedtoinvestigate dynamical behaviors of the system in the mean-square sense with an H ∞ performance index.
A Complete Solution of the Bloch Equation

The Bloch equation is the fundamental dynamical model applicable to arbitrary two-level systems. Analytical solutions to date are incomplete for a number of reasons that motivate further investigation. The solution obtained here for the propagator, which generates the time evolution of the system and embodies all the system dynamics, is compact and completely general. The parameter space that results in division by zero in previous treatments is explicitly defined and accommodated in the solution. Polynomial roots required for the solution are expressed in terms of a single real root obtained using simple functional forms. A simple graphical rendition of this root is developed that clarifies and characterizes its dependence on the physical parameters of the problem. As a result, the explicit time dependence of the system as a function of its physical parameters is immediately evident. Several intuitive models of system dynamics are also developed. In particular, the Bloch equation is separable in the proper coordinate system, written as the sum of a relaxation operator and either a null operator or a commuting rotation. The propagator thus drives either pure relaxation or relaxation followed by a rotation. The paper provides a basis for increased physical insight into the Bloch equation and its widespread applications.
Mass hierarchy in collective modes of pair-density-wave superconductors

We study collective modes near the quantum critical point of a pair-density-wave (PDW) superconductor in 2+1 dimensions. The fate of gaps of various collective modes is investigated by functional renormalization. For incommensurate PDW superconductors, we show that the gapless Leggett mode, protected by the emergent $U(1)$ symmetry, can induce an exponentially small Higgs mass compared to the superconducting gap. Further, for commensurate PDW superconductors, we find an emergent mass hierarchy in the collective modes, i.e. the masses of Leggett boson, Higgs boson, and the superconducting gap can differ by several magnitudes in the infrared. This may shed light to a mechanism underlying the hierarchy problem in the Standard Model of particle physics.
X-ray emission line profile modeling of hot stars

The launch of high-spectral-resolution x-ray telescopes (Chandra, XMM) has provided a host of new spectral line diagnostics for the astrophysics community. In this paper we discuss Doppler-broadened emission line profiles from highly supersonic outflows of massive stars. These outflows, or winds, are driven by radiation pressure and carry a tremendous amount of kinetic energy, which can be converted to x rays by shock-heating even a small fraction of the wind plasma. The unshocked, cold wind is a source of continuum opacity to the x rays generated in the shock-heated portion of the wind. Thus the emergent line profiles are affected by transport through a two-component, moving, optically thick medium. While complicated, the interactions among these physical effects can provide quantitative information about the spatial distribution and velocity of the x-ray-emitting and absorbing plasma in stellar winds. We present quantitative models of both a spherically symmetric wind and a wind with hot plasma confined.
Counting Contingency Tables via Multistage Markov Chain Monte Carlo

This article describes a multistage Markov chain Monte Carlo (MSMCMC) procedure for estimating the count, , where denotes the set of all a × b contingency tables with specified row and column sums and m total entries. On each stage s = 1, …, r, Hastings–Metropolis (HM) sampling generates states with equilibrium distribution , with inverse-temperature schedule β1 = 0 < β2 < ⋅⋅⋅ < β r < β r + 1 = ∞; nonnegative penalty function H, with global minima H(x) = 0 only for ; and superset , which facilitates sampling by relaxing column sums while maintaining row sums. Two kernels are employed for nominating states. For small β s , one admits moderate-to-large penalty changes. For large β s , the other allows only small changes. Neither kernel admits local minima, thus avoiding an impediment to convergence. Preliminary sampling determines when to switch from one kernel to the other to minimize relative error. Cycling through stages in the order r to 1, rather than 1 to r, speeds convergence for large β s . A comparison of estimates for examples, whose dimensions range from 15 to 24, with exact counts based on Barvinok’s algorithm and estimates based on sequential importance sampling (SIS) favors these alternatives. However, the comparison strongly favors MSMCMC for an example with 64 dimensions. It estimated count with 3.3354 × 10− 3 relative error, whereas the exact counting method was unable to produce a result in more than 182 CPU (computational) days of execution, and SIS would have required at least 42 times as much CPU time to generate an estimate with the same relative error. This latter comparison confirms the known limitations of exact counting methods and of SIS for larger-dimensional problems and suggests that MSMCMC may be a suitable alternative. Proofs not given in the article appear in the Appendix in the online supplemental materials.
The radio surroundings of the microquasar GRO J1655{40

We report the results of a study of the radio surroundings of the superluminal microquasar GRO J1655 40. We have searched for extended continuum structures that might be indicative of the pres- ence of a supernova remnant (SNR) associated with the formation of the compact object in the binary system. We also carried out HI-line observations of the region looking for a local minimum created by an explosive event. Our results indicate that there is, in fact, a bubble in the large-scale HI distribution around GRO J1655 40. We suggest that this structure might be created by the original supernova explosion occurred a few hundred thousand years ago and whose signatures can be traced by the overabundance of -elements recently found by Israelian et al. (1999) in the companion star.
XMM-Newton observations of the pre-polar HS0922+1333

We report on XMM-Newton and accompanying phase-resolved optical observations of HS0922+1333, one out of nine pre-polars. It shows X-ray and UV variability correlated with the visibility of the main accretion spot. The spectral X-ray properties reveal a low temperature thermal plasma of ∼1 keV with FX more than one order of magnitude below the cyclotron flux. The UV data indicate a cool white dwarf with TWD < 8000 K. We refine the ephemeris and determine a distance of 140 ± 50 pc. The derived location of the accretion spots yield a magnetic field axis laying nearly in the orbital plane. Optical spectroscopy uncovers a highly active secondary.
MESOSCOPIC FLUCTUATIONS OF TUNNELING THROUGH DOUBLE QUANTUM DOTS

We study fluctuations of conductance of two connected in series dots in the Coulomb blockade regime. The pattern of the fluctuations turns out to be extremely sensitive to a magnetic field. These conductance fluctuations also provide information about the mesoscopic fluctuations of charge of a partially-opened single quantum dot, which are hard to measure directly.
An introduction to the Planck mission

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the oldest light in the universe. It is seen today as black body radiation at a near-uniform temperature of 2.73 K covering the entire sky. This radiation field is not perfectly uniform, but includes within it temperature anisotropies of order . Physical processes in the early universe have left their fingerprints in these CMB anisotropies, which later grew to become the galaxies and large scale structure we see today. CMB anisotropy observations are thus a key tool for cosmology. The Planck mission was the European Space Agency’s probe of the CMB. Its unique design allowed CMB anisotropies to be measured to greater precision over a wider range of scales than ever before. This article provides an introduction to the Planck mission, including its goals and motivation, its instrumentation and technology, the physics of the CMB, how the contaminating astrophysical foregrounds were overcome, and the key cosmological results that this mission has so far produced.
A Class of Commuting Relators

The zip function is well known to functional programmers. Informally , zip maps two lists of the same length into a single list of pairs of a whole family of functions that commute the order of two data structures. Whilst zip commutes a pair of lists into a list of pairs, it is not diicult to imagine generalising zip to a function that commutes m lists each of length n into n lists each of length m. Indeed, this latter function is also well known under the name matrix transposition. With a little bit more imagination several other members of the family suggest themselves. For example, there is a function that commutes a tree of lists all of the same length into a list of trees all of the same shape. There is also a function that commutes a rose of trees all of the same shape into a tree of roses all of the same shape. This paper considers the construction of such functions. We specify the class of so-called \zippable" data-structures and consider in detail a large and signiicant subclass of this class. For this subclass we show how to construct \zips" and identify several consequences of their being \zippable".
Peer support through video meetings: Experiences of people with young onset dementia

Background People with young onset dementia can experience stigmatization and social isolation. Peer support provides an opportunity for social connection and support. However, access to in-person peer support groups varies across the UK, and during the COVID-19 pandemic in-person peer support groups moved online. Objectives We explored the experiences of people with young onset dementia attending peer support meetings through online videoconferencing platforms, and identified barriers and facilitators. Methods A focus group study with existing peer support groups for people with young onset dementia that had their meetings online was conducted. Participants were people living with young onset dementia. Participants were recruited through convenience and purposeful sampling. Initial contact was made with the group facilitator to discuss the study purposes and assess eligibility of the group members. The data was analysed thematically by two independent researchers, using an inductive approach. Findings Four focus groups with UK-based peer support groups were conducted through the group’s usual platform, including 20 participants. Through online peer support people stayed connected during the pandemic. It provided opportunities to meet people from different places and be involved in research projects. People found it a convenient way of connecting with others without having to travel. However, some missed in-person interaction and digital exclusion and challenges to navigate different platforms were identified as barriers. Organisational skills of the facilitator and support with getting into meetings can help overcome these challenges. Conclusion Online platforms can make peer support more accessible for people with young onset dementia as it overcomes geographical barriers as well as barriers for those who feel uncomfortable attending an in-person group. Researchers and policy makers should explore how to implement and overcome barriers to online peer support, so that peer support is more widely accessible and clearly signposted to people with young onset dementia.
A comprehensive SEER registry analysis of elderly patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma based on treatment era and race

We conducted a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER‐18) registry analysis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients more than 60 years old and compared outcomes of those diagnosed between 2006 and 2010 (cohort 1) to those identified between 2011 and 2015 (cohort 2) based on treatment era and race. Cohort 1 had a median overall survival (OS) of 4 years and cohort 2 had a median OS of 4.75 years [hazard ratio (HR): 0.92 (0.85–1.00); p = 0.052]. Non‐Hispanic blacks (NHBs) had a similar 5‐year OS compared to non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs) of 48.6% vs. 50.2% (HR: 0.95 [0.79–1.15]; p > 0.99); on the contrary, Hispanics had worse 5‐year OS of 41.8% vs. 48.6% (HR: 1.24 [1.09–1.41]; p < 0.001). NHW was the only race that had improvement in 5‐year OS in 2011–2015 compared to 2006–2010 (51% vs. 46.5%, p = 0.002). In the multivariable analysis, older age, male gender, stage III–IV, unmarried status, Hispanic race, lack of chemotherapy, and diagnosis in 2006–2010 were associated with worse OS. Lymphoma was the most common cause of death in 60% of patients. In conclusion, elderly cHL patients diagnosed after 2010 had improved OS by nine months that was most prevalent in NHWs, and disparity in OS existed between NHWs and Hispanics throughout the study period.
Non equilibrium thermal and electrical transport coefficients for hot metals

This work discusses about the transport coefficients for non equilibrium hot metals. First, we review the role of the non equilibrium Kappa distribution in which the Kappa parameter varies with the temperature. A brief discussion compares such distribution with the classical non equilibrium function. Later, we analyze the generalized electrical conductivity obtained from the evolution of the Kappa distribution. Also, we reexamine the connection between a material-dependent coefficient which can be extracted from the thermionic emission and the melting point of the metal. We extend previous studies by analyzing additional metals used as thermionic emitters. Finally, in the light of the Wiedemann-Franz Law, we present a new generalized thermal conductivity, which is also applied to several metals.
Organochemical Characterization of Peat Reveals Decomposition of Specific Hemicellulose Structures as the Main Cause of Organic Matter Loss in the Acrotelm

Peatlands store carbon in the form of dead organic residues. Climate change and human impact impose risks on the sustainability of the peatlands carbon balance due to increased peat decomposition. Here, we investigated molecular changes in the upper peat layers (0–40 cm), inferred from high-resolution vertical depth profiles, from a boreal peatland using two-dimensional 1H–13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and comparison to δ13C, δ15N, and carbon and nitrogen content. Effects of hydrological conditions were investigated at respective sites: natural moist, drainage ditch, and natural dry. The molecular characterization revealed preferential degradation of specific side-chain linkages of xylan-type hemicelluloses within 0–14 cm at all sites, indicating organic matter losses up to 25%. In contrast, the xylan backbone, galactomannan-type hemicelluloses, and cellulose were more resistant to degradation and accumulated at the natural moist and drainage site. δ13C, δ15N, and carbon and nitrogen content did not correlate with specific hemicellulose structures but reflected changes in total carbohydrates. Our analysis provides novel insights into peat carbohydrate decomposition and indicates substantial organic matter losses in the acrotelm due to the degradation of specific hemicellulose structures. This suggests that variations in hemicellulose content and structure influence peat stability, which may have important implications with respect to climate change.
Local, Cluster, and Transitional Monte Carlo Dynamics

We review the local Monte Carlo dynamics and Swendsen-Wang cluster algorithm. We introduce and analyze a new Monte Carlo dynamics known as transitional Monte Carlo. The transitional Monte Carlo algorithm samples energy probability distribution P(E) with a transition matrix obtained from single-spin-flip dynamics. We analyze the relaxation dynamics master equation, d P(E, t)/ dt = sum{E'} T(E,E') P(E',t), associated with Ising model in d dimensions. In one dimension, we obtain an exact solution. We show in all dimensions in the continuum limit the dynamics is governed by the partial differential equation d P/dt' = d^2 P / d x^2 + x dP/dx + P. where x and t' are rescaled energy deviation from the equilibrium value and rescaled time, respectively. This equation is readily solved. Thus, we have a complete understanding of the dynamics.
The First Data Release from SweetSpot: 74 Supernovae in 36 Nights on WIYN+WHIRC

SweetSpot is a 3 yr National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) survey program to observe Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the smooth Hubble flow with the WIYN High-resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC) on the WIYN 3.5 m telescope. We present data from the first half of this survey, covering the 2011B–2013B NOAO semesters and consisting of 493 calibrated images of 74 SNe Ia observed in the rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) in the range 0.02 < z < 0.09. Because many observed supernovae require host-galaxy subtraction from templates taken in later semesters, this release contains only the 186 NIR (JHKs) data points for the 33 SNe Ia that do not require host-galaxy subtraction. The sample includes four objects with coverage beginning before the epoch of B-band maximum and 27 beginning within 20 days of B-band maximum. We also provide photometric calibration between the WIYN+WHIRC and Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) systems, along with light curves for 786 2MASS stars observed alongside the SNe Ia. This work is the first in a planned series of three SweetSpot Data Releases. Future releases will include the full set of images from all 3 yr of the survey, including host-galaxy reference images and updated data processing with host-galaxy reference subtraction. SweetSpot will provide a well-calibrated sample that will help improve our ability to standardize distance measurements to SNe Ia, examine the intrinsic optical–NIR colors of SNe Ia at different epochs, explore the nature of dust in other galaxies, and act as a stepping-stone for more distant, potentially space-based surveys.