Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO ESTIMATE THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF THE BROAD-LINE REGION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI USING REVERBERATION MAPPING DATA

This is the first paper in a series devoted to the systematic study of the size and structure of the broad-line region (BLR) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using reverberation mapping (RM) data. We employ a recently developed Bayesian approach that statistically describes the variability as a damped random walk process and delineates the BLR structure using a flexible disk geometry that can account for a variety of shapes, including disks, rings, shells, and spheres. We allow for the possibility that the line emission may respond non-linearly to the continuum, and we detrend the light curves when there is clear evidence for secular variation. We use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo implementation based on Bayesian statistics to recover the parameters and uncertainties for the BLR model. The corresponding transfer function is obtained self-consistently. We tentatively constrain the virial factor used to estimate black hole masses; more accurate determinations will have to await velocity-resolved RM data. Application of our method to RM data with Hβ monitoring for about 40 objects shows that the assumed BLR geometry can reproduce quite well the observed emission-line fluxes from the continuum light curves. We find that the Hβ BLR sizes obtained from our method are on average ∼20% larger than those derived from the traditional cross-correlation method. Nevertheless, we still find a tight BLR size-luminosity relation with a slope of α = 0.55 ± 0.03 and an intrinsic scatter of ∼0.18 dex. In particular, we demonstrate that our approach yields appropriate BLR sizes for some objects (such as Mrk 142 and PG 2130+099) where traditional methods previously encountered difficulties.
Nonlinear Jaynes–Cummings model for two interacting two-level atoms

In this work we examine a nonlinear version of the Jaynes–Cummings model for two identical two-level atoms allowing for Ising-like and dipole–dipole interplays between them. The model is said to be nonlinear in the sense that it can incorporate both a general intensity-dependent interaction between the atomic system and the cavity field and/or the presence of a nonlinear medium inside the cavity. As an example, we consider a particular type of atom-field coupling based upon the so-called Buck–Sukumar model and a lossless Kerr-like cavity. We describe the possible effects of such features on the evolution of some quantities of current interest, such as atomic excitation, purity, concurrence, the entropy of the field and the evolution of the latter in phase space.
ANALYSIS OF GRB 080319B AND GRB 050904 WITHIN THE FIRESHELL MODEL: EVIDENCE FOR A BROADER SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION

The observation of GRB 080319B, with an isotropic energy Eiso = 1.32 × 1054 erg, and GRB 050904, with Eiso = 1.04 × 1054 erg, offers the possibility of studying the spectral properties of the prompt radiation of two of the most energetic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). This allows us to probe the validity of the fireshell model for GRBs beyond 1054 erg, well outside the energy range where it has been successfully tested up to now (1049–1053 erg). We find that in the low-energy region, the prompt emission spectra observed by Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) reveals more power than theoretically predicted. The opportunities offered by these observations to improve the fireshell model are outlined in this paper. One of the distinguishing features of the fireshell model is that it relates the observed GRB spectra to the spectrum in the comoving frame of the fireshell. Originally, a fully radiative condition and a comoving thermal spectrum were adopted. An additional power law in the comoving thermal spectrum is required due to the discrepancy of the theoretical and observed light curves and spectra in the fireshell model for GRBs 080319B and 050904. A new phenomenological parameter α is correspondingly introduced in the model. We perform numerical simulations of the prompt emission in the Swift BAT bandpass by assuming different values of α within the fireshell model. We compare them with the GRB 080319B and GRB 050904 observed time-resolved spectra, as well as with their time-integrated spectra and light curves. Although GRB 080319B and GRB 050904 are at very different redshifts (z = 0.937 and z = 6.29, respectively), a value of α = −1.8 for both of them leads to a good agreement between the numerical simulations and the observed BAT light curves, time-resolved and time-integrated spectra. Such a modified spectrum is also consistent with the observations of previously analyzed less energetic GRBs and reasons for this additional agreement are given. Perspectives for future low-energy missions are outlined.
Optimization of Centralized Management of Application of Animal Excreta on Multiple Paddocks

With the increase in scale and the division of labor in the dairy industry in Japan, the use of liquid digestate derived from live stock manure produced in biogas plants as fertilizer has been promoted. It is a challenge to optimize the location, timing, and amount of application of the digestate to pastures. Here, we developed a Web-based system to manage the application of liquid di gestate fertilizer to multiple paddocks on the basis of application history. It uses an existing cloud-based system to collect and manage application history data and open satellite imagery data to calculate the Enhanced Vegetation Index of pastures, which is used to evaluate their growth in relation to the amount of digestate applied per year. By comparison with the annual average value in the district, paddocks with excess nutrient application (more digestate application but poorer grass growth) are selected as “caution” areas and are mapped in the Web application. Users can select a paddock and view its history of digestate application and grass growth. Through this system, we aim to encourage information sharing and understanding among farmers, those who manage and apply liquid digestate, and local government oﬃcials, with the goal of more eﬃcient use of local resources.
A new approach to speed detection and power factor angle control on DSP-based soft-starter-fed IM drive system

The blocked voltage of non-conducting thyristors contains information of the motor operation. The voltage amplitude is an indication of motor speed, while the phase angle of the voltage across it is an index of power factor angle named the measurable power factor angle. Thus a new approach to speed detection in three-phase induction motors without additional speed sensors is presented. This method utilizes the characteristics of thyristor voltage controller and the motor running state under the asymmetric power supply to find the relationship between the induction voltage of one phase of the motor without power supply and the motor speed, hence the relationship between the RMS voltage across the non-conducting thyristor and the motor speed. In addition, an analysis of the rule of power factor angle vs. speed in the three-phase induction motor is presented. Through analyzing the cause of phase current oscillation during soft starting, the power factor angle closed-loop control is introduced to induction motor soft starters. It is pointed out that the thyristor firing angle is composed of two parts. One is obtained from the predetermined voltage control rule, and the other is the increment of dynamic regulating angle with the variation of power factor angle. Experimental results show that the proposed closed-loop control method can avoid current oscillation during soft starting and have good performance.
Inflammatory Surrogate Parameters for Predicting Ifosfamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Sarcoma Patients

Sarcomas compromise a heterogenous group of tumors of a mesenchymal origin. Although treatment options in many solid tumors have evolved over the past decades, the treatment of advanced sarcoma is still based on conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Beside anthracyclines, alkylating agents such as ifosfamide are frequently used in sarcoma treatment. However, treatment with ifosfamide can cause severe dose- and treatment-limiting side effects, such as ifosfamide-induced neurotoxicity (IIN). Especially in sarcoma, consecutive risk assessment analyses investigating the individual factors associated with the increased incidence in IIN, remain insufficient so far. In this retrospective analysis, we investigated 172 sarcoma patients treated with ifosfamide. Out of 172 patients, 49 patients (28.5%) developed IIN. While gender, age, histologic origin, and tumor stage were not associated with the occurrence of IIN, infusion times, simultaneous radiotherapy, and concomitant use of opioids or anticonvulsants affected the risk of developing IIN. Sarcoma patients with IIN showed an alteration in several inflammatory markers, including a lower lymphocyte count, hemoglobin levels, and calcium levels, as well as elevated GGT, sodium, and CRP levels. Remarkably, the occurrence of IIN was associated with a worse prognosis regarding progression free and overall survival. In addition, high CTCAE grades were negatively associated with overall survival in sarcoma. The observation that an inflammatory state is associated with an increased risk of IIN in sarcoma patients can be used prospectively to further investigate the relationship of inflammation and IIN. In addition, the easily accessible blood markers used in our study to predict IIN can be incorporated into clinical decision making.
Using Transformer models for gender attribution in Polish

Gender identification is the task of predicting the gender of an author of a given text. Some languages, including Polish, exhibit gender-revealing syntactic expression. In this paper, we investigate machine learning methods for gender identification in Polish. For the evaluation, we use large (780M words) corpus "He Said She Said", created by grepping (for author’s gender identification) gender-revealing syntactic expressions and normalizing all these expressions to masculine form (for preventing classifiers from using syntactic features). In this work, we evaluate TF-IDF based, fastText, LSTM and RoBERTa models, differentiating self-contained and non-self-contained approaches. We also provide a human baseline. We report large improvements using pre-trained RoBERTa models and discuss the possible contamination of test data for the best pre-trained model.
NEW 145 MHz SOURCE MEASUREMENTS BY PAPER IN THE SOUTHERN SKY

We present observations from the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) in South Africa, observed in 2010 May and September. Using two nights of drift scanning with PAPER's 60° FWHM beam we have made a map covering the entire sky below +10° declination with an effective center frequency of 145 MHz, a 70 MHz bandwidth, and a resolution of 26′. A 4800 deg2 region of this large map with the lowest Galactic emission reaches an rms of 0.7 Jy. We establish an absolute flux scale using sources from the 160 MHz Culgoora catalog. Using the 408 MHz Molonglo Reference Catalog (MRC) as a finding survey, we identify counterparts to 480 sources in our maps and compare our fluxes to the MRC and to 332 sources in the Culgoora catalog. For both catalogs, the ratio of PAPER to catalog flux averages to 1, with a standard deviation of 50%. This measured variation is consistent with comparisons between independent catalogs observed at different bands. The PAPER data represent new 145 MHz flux measurements for a large number of sources in the band expected to encompass cosmic reionization and represents a significant step toward establishing a model for removing foregrounds to the reionization signal.
A review on engineering biocomposites and natural fiber-reinforced materials

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites are well-studied and established products, and today they are being used in different industrial and non-industrial areas. However, the increased interest in recyclability and the concerns about climate change caused materials scientists to look for a non-petroleum-based alternative to synthetic fibers and polymers. Since the beginning of this century, natural fibers and biopolymers have attracted increasing interest each year for composite applications. Thanks to this interest, studies on natural fibers and biopolymers have increased significantly. Despite the high number of studies on natural fibers and natural fiber-reinforced polymers (NFRP), there are gaps in the literature. This work reviews studies on natural fibers, biopolymers, and biocomposites with their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Studies that focus on the ways to reduce or eliminate these disadvantages and limitations have also been looked at. Also, current challenges and future perspectives for natural fibers, biopolymers, and NFRPs have been discussed.
New deghosting method based on generalized triangulation

A new deghosting method based on the generalized triangulation is presented. First, two intersection points corresponding to the emitter position are obtained by utilizing two azimuth angles and two elevation angles from two jammed 3-D radars (or 2-D passive sensors). Then, hypothesis testing based deghosting method in the multiple target scenarios is proposed using the two intersection points. In order to analyze the performance of the proposed method, the correct association probability of the true targets and the incorrect association probability of the ghost targets are defined. Finally, the Monte Carlo simulations are given for the proposed method compared with the hinge angle method in the cases of both two and three radars. The simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance than the hinge angle method in three radars case.
Energy spectrum of particles accelerated in the neighborhood of a line of zero magnetic field

A study is made of the acceleration of charged particles in a hyperbolic magnetic field and uniform electric field, these fields arising from the decay of a neutral current sheet. The acceleration process consists of direct acceleration by the electric field in the nonadiabatic region near the zero line and betatron acceleration in the drift region. The characteristic energy of the accelerated particles is found in the nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic limits. At high energies, the spectra are exponential. (AIP)
Modified Newtonian Dynamics as an entropic force

Under natural assumptions on the thermodynamic properties of space and time with the holo-graphic principle, we reproduce a MOND-like behaviour of gravity on particular scales of mass and length, where Newtonian gravity requires a modification or extension if no dark matter component is introduced in the description of gravitational phenomena. The result is directly obtained with the assumption that a fundamental constant of nature with dimensions of acceleration needs to be introduced into gravitational interactions. This in turn allows for modifications or extensions of the equipartion law and/or the holographic principle. In other words, MOND-like phenomenology can be reproduced when appropriate generalised concepts at the thermodynamical level of space and/or at the holographic principle are introduced. Thermodynamical modifications are reflected in extensions to the equipartition law which occur when the temperature of the system drops below a critical value, equals to Unruh’s temperature evaluated at the acceleration constant scale introduced for the description of the gravitational phenomena. Our calculations extend the ones by [1] in which Newtonian gravity is shown to be an emergent phenomenon, and together with it reinforces the idea that gravity at all scales is emergent.
Systemic Resistance Induction of Potato and Tobacco Plants against Potato Virus Y by Klebsiella oxytoca

Simple Summary Klebsiella oxytoca, as a type of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), was studied with regards to promoting plant growth and inducing plant systemic resistance against Potato Virus Y (PVY). The results of greenhouse experiments with tobacco and potato plants demonstrated that treatments with the Klebsiella oxytoca and biochar significantly enhanced the growth, while clearly lowering the disease severity and concentration of PVY. An RT-PCR analysis of the defense genes in the tobacco and potato treated with the Klebsiella oxytoca and biochar revealed an association with enhancing the systemic resistance of tobacco and potato to PVY. Klebsiella oxytoca and biochar may be considered valuable options to control PVY in potato and other Solanaceae crops. Abstract Potato Virus Y (PVY) is a serious potato disease that may significantly decrease potato production. To suppress potato virus infection, several measures have been undertaken. The utilization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is one of these methods. Biochar soil treatment is believed to provide plants with a number of advantages, including increased plant growth and the development of systemic resistance to a variety of plant diseases. The goal of this research was to see whether adding biochar and Klebsiella oxytoca to the soil might cause PVY resistance and enhance the involved mechanisms in PVY resistance. Potato and tobacco seedlings treated with Klebsiella oxytoca and biochar exhibited the same impact of significant symptom reduction, with complete negative ELISA findings, supporting the antiviral activity of K. oxytoca and biochar. Furthermore, owing to the connection between the ISR implicated substrates, significant amounts of polyphenol oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase were observed in treated plants, with the same behavior as defense genes expression levels. It may be a step forward in the development of biochar and K. oxytoca as potential environmentally friendly disease control strategies against PVY.
A MODIFIED VERSION OF TAYLOR’S HYPOTHESIS FOR SOLAR PROBE PLUS OBSERVATIONS

The Solar Probe Plus (SPP) spacecraft will explore the near-Sun environment, reaching heliocentric distances less than 10 R ⊙ ? > . Near Earth, spacecraft measurements of fluctuating velocities and magnetic fields taken in the time domain are translated into information about the spatial structure of the solar wind via Taylor’s “frozen turbulence” hypothesis. Near the perihelion of SPP, however, the solar-wind speed is comparable to the Alfvén speed, and Taylor’s hypothesis in its usual form does not apply. In this paper, we show that under certain assumptions, a modified version of Taylor’s hypothesis can be recovered in the near-Sun region. We consider only the transverse, non-compressive component of the fluctuations at length scales exceeding the proton gyroradius, and we describe these fluctuations using an approximate theoretical framework developed by Heinemann and Olbert. We show that fluctuations propagating away from the Sun in the plasma frame obey a relation analogous to Taylor’s hypothesis when V sc , ⊥ ≫ z − ? > and z + ≫ z − ? > , where V sc , ⊥ ? > is the component of the spacecraft velocity perpendicular to the mean magnetic field and z + ? > ( z − ? > ) is the Elsasser variable corresponding to transverse, non-compressive fluctuations propagating away from (toward) the Sun in the plasma frame. Observations and simulations suggest that, in the near-Sun solar wind, the above inequalities are satisfied and z + ? > fluctuations account for most of the fluctuation energy. The modified form of Taylor’s hypothesis that we derive may thus make it possible to characterize the spatial structure of the energetically dominant component of the turbulence encountered by SPP.
Micro--structured crystalline resonators for optical frequency comb generation

Optical frequency combs have recently been demonstrated in micro--resonators through nonlinear Kerr processes. Investigations in the past few years provided better understanding of micro--combs and showed that spectral span and mode locking are governed by cavity spectrum and dispersion. While various cavities provide unique advantages, dispersion engineering has been reported only for planar waveguides. In this Letter, we report a resonator design that combines dispersion control, mode crossing free spectrum, and ultra--high quality factor. We experimentally show that as the dispersion of a MgF2 resonator is flattened, the comb span increases reaching 700 nm with as low as 60 mW pump power at 1560 nm wavelength, corresponding to nearly 2000 lines separated by 46 GHz. The new resonator design may enable efficient low repetition rate coherent octave spanning frequency combs without the need for external broadening, ideal for applications in optical frequency synthesis, metrology, spectroscopy, and communications.
The effect of weight reduction on the sexual function
and reproductive health of obese men

Introduction: Obesity is a disease that significantly increases the risk of death in all ages. It is a risk factor for the develop- ment of many diseases that directly affect male reproductive health. Metabolic complications resulting from excess body weight affect testosterone levels and gonadal function in men. Morbid obesity causes hypogonadism in men and an increase in androgen secretion in women. The consequences of overweight and obesity in men are a decrease in testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), an increase in oestradiol, sexual dysfunction, and reproductive health dysfunction. Surgical weight reduction improves the sexual function and reproductive health of men. Aim of the research: To investigate the effect of weight loss in obesity on male sexual function and reproductive health. Material and methods: Research material was collected by searching through databases with scientific articles on obesity, bariatric surgery, the effects of bariatric surgery on sex hormones, sexual function, and fertility in men. The Pubmed and Web of Science research databases were used. Scientific articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were taken into account. The analysis of the included articles covered items from 2003 to 2021. One of the publications dates back to 1996. Conclusions: Surgical weight reduction improves the profile of male sex hormones and sexual function. The problem of the associations between male sperm quality and surgical weight reduction requires further research.
Efeito do manejo do pastejo e suplementação nitrogenada sobre a produção de leite a pasto

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos dos manejos do pastejo ponta e repasse combinados a substituição parcial da proteína do suplemento por nitrogênio ureico sobre o consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes, composição do leite e balanço de nitrogênio de vacas primíparas da raça Girolanda. As vacas foram alocadas em dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4 compostos de quatro animais cada e quatro tratamentos em um esquema fatorial 2 x 2. Os suplementos foram formulados para um consumo de 0,6% do peso corporal: sem utilização de nitrogênio ureico; ou com 21% de nitrogênio ureico em sua composição. O manejo do pastejo de ponta melhorou o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes. O suplemento contendo ureia excretou 47% a mais de N urina (g/dia) em comparação ao suplemento sem ureia. A combinação entre o suplemento sem ureia e o manejo de pastejo ponta apresentou maior ingestão e retenção de nitrogênio e maior N retido (%N digerido). A combinação entre o suplemento contendo 21% de nitrogênio ureico e o pastejo de ponta pode ser utilizada sem prejuízos aos parâmetros nutricionais e produtivos das vacas.