Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wall Function Boundary Conditions Including Heat Transfer and Compressibility

Wall function boundary conditions that include the effects of compressibility and heat transfer are developed for transport-type turbulence models. The wall functions are based on coupled velocity and temperature profiles valid in both the viscous sublayer and the log layer. The wall function boundary conditions are developed within a rigid set of assumptions so that a consistent set of relationships are derived for the wall shear stress, the wall heat transfer, and the turbulence quantities at the first point off the wall. The new boundary conditions are incorporated into a Navier‐Stokes computational fluid dynamics code that includes the Spalart‐Allmaras and shear stress transport turbulence models. The wall function boundary conditions produce reasonable engineering solutions for the test cases presented for initial wall spacings of y + < 100.
Finite-amplitude Taylor-vortex flow of viscoelastic fluids

The influence of inertia and elasticity on the onset and stability of Taylor-vortex flow (TVF) is examined for an Oldroyd-B fluid. The Galerkin projection method is used to obtain the departure from Couette flow (CF). Only axisymmetric flow is examined. The solution is capable of capturing the dynamical behaviour observed experimentally for viscoelastic fluids in the inertio-elastic and purely elastic ranges. For flow with dominant inertia, the bifurcation picture is similar to that for a Newtonian fluid. However, transition from CF to TVF is oscillatory because of fluid elasticity. Steady TVF sets in, via supercritical bifurcation, as Re reaches a critical value, Rec. The critical Reynolds number decreases with fluid elasticity, and is strongly influenced by fluid retardation. As elasticity exceeds a critical level, a subcritical bifurcation emerges at Rec, similar to that predicted by the Landau–Ginzburg equation. It is found that slip along the axial direction tends to be generally destabilizing. The coherence of the formulation is established under steady and transient conditions through comparison with exact linear stability analysis, experimental measurements, and flow visualization. Good agreement is obtained between theory and the measurements of Muller et al. (1993) in the limit of purely elastic overstable TVF.
Composite Revealed Comparative Advantage Index: A Non-parametric Approach

The composition and share of export items from a country change over time. Individual exporting companies take firm-level actions to keep up their market share. A relative (to the point of reference) and comparative (compared to other exportable goods) advantage index for an export item can aid decision-making at the country and company levels. Present literature shows less reference to the existence of such an index. The popular Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (B-RCA) index measures the comparative strength of a product at any given period. However, this method and its variants are time stationary and not directly applicable for sectors, i.e., groups of commodities with the same first four digits of the HS Code. Sector-level RCA aids in identifying the country's comparative advantage over the sector over time. For a given set of products, the paper uses many partner countries and a manyproduct trade approach. This paper suggests two indices to reflect the dynamic RCA. It suggests calculating the ratio of the Balassa index for each product for the current period and reference period – the relative revealed comparative advantage (RRCA); proposes geometric aggregation of these ratios to get a composite RCA (CRCA) index for a country.
Proteome-wide Mendelian randomization identifies causal links between blood proteins and acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a complex disease and the leading cause of gastro-intestinal disease-related hospital admissions. Few therapeutic options exist for AP prevention. Blood proteins with causal evidence may represent promising drug targets, but few have been causally linked with AP. OBJECTIVES To identify blood proteins linked with AP by combining genome-wide association meta-analysis and proteome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) studies. METHODS We performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis totalling 10,630 AP cases and 844,679 controls and a series of inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR analyses using cis-acting variants on 4,719 blood proteins from the deCODE study (n=35,559) and 4979 blood proteins from the Fenland study (n=10,708). RESULTS The meta-analysis identified genome-wide significant variants (p<5x10-8) at five loci (ABCG5/8, TWIST2, SPINK1, PRSS2 and MORC4). The proteome-wide MR analyses identified 68 unique blood proteins that may causally be associated with AP, including 29 proteins validated in both datasets. Functional annotation of these proteins confirmed expression of many proteins in metabolic tissues responsible for digestion and energy metabolism such as the esophagus, adipose tissue, liver as well as acinar cells of the pancreas. Genetic colocalization and investigations into the druggable genome also identified potential drug targets for AP. CONCLUSIONS This large GWAS meta-analysis for AP identified new variants linked with AP as well as several blood proteins that may be causally associated with AP. This study provides new information on the genetic architecture of this disease and identified pathways related to AP, which may be further explored as possible therapeutic targets for AP.
Applications of Acoustics and Cavitation to Noninvasive Therapy and Drug Delivery

Biomedical acoustics is rapidly evolving from a diagnostic modality into a therapeutic tool, and acoustic cavitation is often the common denominator in a wide range of new therapeutic applications. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) waves generated outside the body can be used to deposit heat deep within the body. Through a quantitative analysis of heat deposition by ultrasound, it is shown that inertial cavitation can help address some of the major challenges of HIFU therapy by providing a means of enhancing and monitoring treatment noninvasively. In the context of drug delivery, both inertial and stable cavitation play roles in enhancing drug activity and uptake. In particular, shape oscillations arising during stable cavitation provide an effective micropumping mechanism for enhanced mass transport across inaccessible interfaces.
Determining Physical Location of Wireless Access Point using Smart Devices

Indoor Position System (IPS) is a method for locating objects in an enclosed space. This paper applies the concept of IPS to locate the physical location of wireless access point. The proposed system can be used for locating the suspected access point in the building. The system uses at least three smartphones to form the points in two-dimensional geometry. These smartphones will gather Wi-Fi‘s information and send them to the server. Then, trilateration is applied to calculate the distance and the location of the targeted access point. The physical location will then send back to each smartphone. The smartphone can use this position to navigate the user to the targeted access point. The result shows that, in the enclosed space, the error of the proposed method is around 3.5 meters.
Advancements on galvanometer scanners for high-end applications

Galvanometer-based scanners (GSs) are the most utilized devices for lateral scanning. Their applications range from commercial and industrial to biomedical imaging. They are used mostly for 2-D scanning (with typically two GSs), but also for 1-D or 3-D scanning (the latter by example with GSs in combination with Risley prisms). This paper presents an overview of our contributions in the field of GSs with regard to the requirements of their most challenging applications. Specifically, we studied the optimal scanning functions - to produce the maximum possible duty cycleη, and we found that, contrary to what has been stated in the literature, the scanning function that provides the highest η is not linear plus sinusoidal, but linear plus parabolic. The most common GS input signals (i.e., sawtooth, triangular, and sinusoidal) were investigated experimentally to determine the scanning regimes that produce the minimum image artifacts, for example in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The triangular signal was thus shown to be the best from this point of view, and several rules-of-thumb were extracted to make the best of GSs in OCT. We also discuss aspects of the command functions of GSs that are necessary to achieve a trade-off between a performance criteria related to the duty cycle and voltage regimes of the device. We finally review aspects of the control solutions of GSs we investigated, to obtain the highest possible precision or the fastest possible response of the scanner.
Device Performance and Reliability Characteristics of Tantalum–Silicon–Nitride Electrode/Hafnium Oxide n-Type Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor Depending on Electrode Composition

The device performance and reliability degradation of an n-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (nMOSFET) that depend on the composition of a tantalum–silicon–nitride (TaSiN) electrode were investigated. Compared with a binary tantalum–nitride (TaN) gate electrode, nMOSFETs with ternary TaSiN electrodes showed the degradations of electron mobility and interface reliability. In addition, the electron mobility and interface reliability were significantly degraded by increasing the tantalum and silicon content in the TaSiN electrodes. By single pulsed drain current (pulsed Id–Vg) and charge pumping measurements, significantly increased number of charge trapping sites and interface traps were observed in nMOSFETs with ternary TaSiN electrodes. The degraded electrical properties of hafnium oxide (HfO2) can be explained by the TaSiN gate electrode/dielectric interaction during the high-temperature process.
Computing the topology of an arrangement of implicitly defined real algebraic plane curves

We introduce a new algebraic approach dealing with the problem of computing the topology of an arrangement of a finite set of real algebraic plane curves presented implicitly. The main achievement of the presented method is a complete avoidance of irrational numbers that appear when using the sweeping method in the classical way for solving the problem at hand. Therefore, it is worth mentioning that the efficiency of the proposed method is only assured for low-degree curves.
Robust Estimation of Location Using Optimally Chosen Sample Quantiles

Robust estimation of the location parameter α based on selected order statistics is considered. The distribution function is only known to belong to a subset of a set D of distributions consisting of Tukey's lambda family of symmetric distributions with the inverse distribution function of the form α + β/γ) [λγ – (1 – λ)γ], 0 ≤ λ ≤ 1, and the normal, Cauchy and double exponential distributions. The scale parameter β can be unknown. In the set D, distributions with tail length varying from short to extremely long, when the shape parameter γ varies, are included. The asymptotically best linear estimate (ABLE) based on k (k = 2(1)5) optimally chosen symmetrical sample quantiles is considered. It can be used as a robust estimate and is shown to compete favorably with optimally trimmed and Winsorized means, in the sense of giving a higher guaranteed relative asymptotic efficiency (GRAE) for subsets of D. Tables are provided so that the robust k-ABLE giving the highest GRAE for any subset of D can easily be obt.
A risk set calibration method for failure time regression by using a covariate reliability sample

Regression parameter estimation in the Cox failure time model is considered when regression variables are subject to measurement error. Assuming that repeat regression vector measurements adhere to a classical measurement model, we can consider an ordinary regression calibration approach in which the unobserved covariates are replaced by an estimate of their conditional expectation given available covariate measurements. However, since the rate of withdrawal from the risk set across the time axis, due to failure or censoring, will typically depend on covariates, we may improve the regression parameter estimator by recalibrating within each risk set. The asymptotic and small sample properties of such a risk set regression calibration estimator are studied. A simple estimator based on a least squares calibration in each risk set appears able to eliminate much of the bias that attends the ordinary regression calibration estimator under extreme measurement error circumstances. Corresponding asymptotic distribution theory is developed, small sample properties are studied using computer simulations and an illustration is provided.
A QSO Discovered at the Redshift of the Extended X‐Ray Cluster RX J0152.7−1357

The galaxy cluster RX J0152.7−1357 at z = 0.8325 is one of the most luminous X‐ray clusters known. It is elongated toward the bright, nearby, X‐ray active galaxy NGC 720 about 14′ away. At the same distance on the other side of that galaxy is an X‐ray blue stellar object with a flux of 5.8 counts ks−1 in the ROSAT PSPC detector. An intermediate‐resolution optical spectrum of this blue stellar object taken with the Keck I telescope has resulted in the unambiguous identification of this source with a QSO at redshift z = 0.8312, the same redshift as the galaxy cluster. We discuss the implications of this discovery in the framework of the standard model for large‐scale structure formation.
Highly Resolved Topography and Illumination at Mercury’s South Pole from MESSENGER MDIS NAC

Mercury’s south polar region is of particular interest since Arecibo radar measurements show many high-reflectance regions consistent with ice deposits. However, current elevation information in Mercury’s southern hemisphere is not sufficient to perform detailed modeling of the illumination and thermal conditions at these radar-bright locations and to constrain properties of the volatiles potentially residing there. In this work, we leverage previously existing elevation maps of Mercury’s surface from stereo-photogrammetry at 665 m pix−1, Mercury Dual Imaging System Narrow Angle Camera images, and Shape-from-Shading tools from the Ames Stereo Pipeline, to provide the first high-resolution topographic maps of the south pole with a resolution of 250 m pix−1 poleward of 75°S. We show that the increased resolution and level of detail provided by our new elevation model allow for a more realistic recovery of illumination conditions in Mercury’s south polar region, thus opening the way to future thermal analyses and for the characterization of potential ice and volatile deposits. We compare both the old and new topographic models to the Mercury Dual Imaging System Narrow Angle Camera images to show the higher level of fidelity with our products, and we assess the improved consistency of derived permanently shadowed regions with reflectance measurements by Arecibo’s antennas.
Hemoptysis in Quadriplegia with Atrial Fibrillation Who Was Taking Edoxaban: a Case Report

The direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) would be the standard treatment for the prevention of stroke and thromboembolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients. The adverse effects of greatest concern are bleeding especially major bleeding. We present a case of a patient with a history of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and pacemaker, who developed severe anemia after massive hemoptysis while taking DOAC; however, he has continued taking DOAC. Through this case, we have summarized the current management of major bleeding associated with anticoagulation and discuss the optimal regimen for restarting of anticoagulation therapy.
Blob/hole formation and zonal-flow generation in the edge plasma of the JET tokamak

The first experimental evidence showing the connection between blob/hole formation and zonal-flow generation was obtained in the edge plasma of the JET tokamak. Holes as well as blobs are observed to be born in the edge shear layer, where zonal-flows shear off meso-scale coherent structures, leading to disconnection of positive and negative pressure perturbations. The newly formed blobs transport azimuthal momentum up the gradient of the azimuthal flow and drive the zonal-flow shear while moving outwards. During this process energy is transferred from the meso-scale coherent structures to the zonal flows via the turbulent Reynolds stress, resulting in nonlinear saturation of edge turbulence and suppression of meso-scale fluctuations. These findings carry significant implications for the mechanism of structure formation in magnetically confined plasma turbulence.
Applications of q-lagrange inversion to basic hypergeometric series

A family of g-Lagrange inversion formulas is given. Special cases include quadratic and cubic transformations for basic hypergeometric series. The g-analogs of the so-called "strange evaluations" are also corollaries. Some new Rogers- Ramanujan identities are given. A connection between the work of Rogers and Andrews, and ^-Lagrange inversion is stated.
Relationship among Exactly Soluble Models of Critical Phenomena. I ---2D Ising Model, Dimer Problem and the Generalized XY-Model---

By relating a transfer matrix associated with a classical system to the Hamiltonian of its corresponding quantum mechanical system, it is proved that the two-dimensional Ising model in the absence of a magnetic field is equivalent to the ground state of the linear XY-model in the presence of a magnetic field, under appropriate relations among coupling parameters appearing in the two Hamiltonians. Simple relations are established for spin correlations in both systems. Consequently, the Ising system and the ground state of the XY-model are shown to exhibit similar singularities with respect to temperature and a magnetic field, respectively. It is also proved that the two-dimensional dimer problem is equivalent to the ground state of a generalized XY-model, which is solved exactly in general.
Differential effects of temperature and mTOR and Wnt-planar cell polarity pathways on syndecan-4 and CD44 expression in growth-selected turkey satellite cell populations

Satellite cells (SCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of muscle stem cells. Thermal stress during the first week after hatch alters proliferation, myogenesis, and adipogenesis of SCs of turkey pectoralis major (p. major) muscle via mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) pathways. Pivotal genes in mTOR and Wnt/PCP pathways are mTOR and frizzled-7 (Fzd7), respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the differential effects of thermal stress on SDC4 and CD44 expression in turkey p. major muscle SCs and how the expression of SDC4 and CD44 is modulated by the mTOR and Wnt/PCP pathways. Satellite cells were isolated from the p. major muscle of 1-week-old faster-growing modern-commercial (NC) turkeys and slower-growing historic Randombred Control Line 2 (RBC2) turkeys, and were challenged with hot (43°C) and cold (33°C) thermal stress for 72 h of proliferation followed by 48 h of differentiation. The NC line SCs were found to contain a lower proportion of SDC4 positive and CD44 negative (SDC4+CD44−) cells and a greater proportion of SDC4 negative and CD44 positive (SDC4−CD44+) cells compared to the RBC2 line at the control temperature (38°C) at both 72 h of proliferation and 48 h of differentiation. In general, at 72 h of proliferation, the proportion of SDC4+CD44− cells decreased with heat stress (43°C) and increased with cold stress (33°C) relative to the control temperature (38°C) in both lines, whereas the proportion of SDC4−CD44+ cells increased with heat stress and decreased with cold stress. In general, the expression of SDC4 and CD44 in the NC SCs showed greater response to both hot and cold thermal stress compared to the RBC2 cells. Knockdown of mTOR or Fzd7 expression increased the proportion of SDC4+CD44− cells while the proportion of SDC4−CD44+ cells decreased during differentiation with line differences being specific to treatment temperatures. Thus, differential composition of p. major muscle SCs in growth-selected commercial turkey may be resulted, in part, from the alteration in SDC4 and CD44 expression. Results indicate differential temperature sensitivity and mTOR and Wnt/PCP pathway responses of growth-selected SC populations and this may have long-lasting effect on muscle development and growth.
Autonomy-supportive sexual health communication and sexual health behaviors for black and Latino MSM in the House Ball Community: Protocol for a social network analysis and exploratory structural equation model

Background Black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) have the highest risk of HIV of any group in the U.S. Prevalence could be even higher among Black and Latino MSM belonging to the House Ball Community (HBC), an understudied community comprised primarily of Black and Latino sexual and gender minorities, with HIV prevalence from non-probability samples ranging from 4% to 38%. Objectives Basic Psychological Needs Theory will be utilized to understand how sexual health communication (SHC) influences sexual health behaviors of HBC-MSM. The proposed study will advance this goal by describing characteristics of SHC embedded within social and sexual networks, and identifying the effects of SHC on sexual health behaviors among a sample of Black and Latino HBC-MSM. Methods This study entails cross-sectional quantitative survey design with internet-based data collection to test a theory-driven model of the effects of autonomy supportive communication on sexual health behaviors. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and internet driven sampling (ID) will be used to recruit a sample of 200 HBC-MSM. We will utilize egocentric network analysis to describe (a) the HBC-specific social and/or sexual network members who provide SHC; (b) the degree of autonomy support provided by network members, and (c) the sexual health behaviors characterizing the sample of HBC-MSM. Structural equation modeling (SEM) will be performed to test associations between autonomy supportive sexual health communication (independent variable) and sexual health behaviors (outcome), with needs satisfaction and intrinsic motivation as intervening mediators. Discussion Such knowledge is necessary to expand understanding of how SHC impacts sexual health behaviors for HBC-MSM. The study provides an critical perspective on sexual health behaviors and motivations as participants operate in HBC. Knowledge generated from this study will help improve current HIV prevention interventions, as well as inform the development of future interventions, tailored to HBC-MSM.