Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind Turbines Theory - The Betz Equation and Optimal Rotor Tip Speed Ratio

The fundamental theory of design and operation of wind turbines is derived based on a first principles approach using conservation of mass and conservation of energy in a wind stream. A detailed derivation of the “Betz Equation” and the “Betz Criterion” or “Betz Limit” is presented, and its subtleties, insights as well as the pitfalls in its derivation and application are discussed. This fundamental equation was first introduced by the German engineer Albert Betz in 1919 and published in his book “Wind Energie und ihre Ausnutzung durch Windmuhlen,” or “Wind Energy and its Extraction through Wind Mills” in 1926. The theory that is developed applies to both horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. The power coefficient of a wind turbine is defined and is related to the Betz Limit. A description of the optimal rotor tip speed ratio of a wind turbine is also presented. This is compared with a description based on Schmitz whirlpool ratios accounting for the different losses and efficiencies encountered in the operation of wind energy conversion systems. The theoretical and a corrected graph of the different wind turbine operational regimes and configurations, relating the power coefficient to the rotor tip speed ratio are shown. The general common principles underlying wind, hydroelectric and thermal energy conversion are discussed.
Rigour and rigidity: Systematics on particle physics D6‐brane models on ℤ2 × ℤ6

We launch a systematic search for phenomenologically appealing string vacua with intersecting D‐branes on the promising T6/(ℤ2 × ℤ6 × Ω ℛ) orientifold with discrete torsion. The number of independent background lattices is reduced from six to two by new symmetries. The occurrence of USp(2N) and SO(2N) versus U(N) gauge groups is classified as well as D‐branes without matter in the adjoint and/or symmetric representation. Supersymmetric fractional D6‐branes allowing for RR tadpole cancellation are fully classified in terms of all possible values of the one complex structure modulus inherited from the underlying six‐torus. We then systematically investigate the conditions for three particle generations at pairwise intersections of two D6‐branes. Global SU(5) GUT models on T6/(ℤ2 × ℤ6 × Ω ℛ) are excluded by demanding three generations and no exotic matter in the 15 representation. Two prototypes of global Pati‐Salam models with a mild amount of vector‐like exotic matter are found.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus of Plants Associated with Arbuscular and Ectomycorrhizas Are Differentially Influenced by Drought

Leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the most important functional traits in plants which affect biogeochemical cycles. As the most widely observed plant–fungus mutualistic symbiosis, mycorrhiza plays a vital role in regulating plant growth. There are different types of mycorrhiza with various ecological functions in nature. Drought, as a frequent environmental stress, has been paid more and more attention due to its influence on plant growth. Numerous studies have confirmed that drought affects the concentration of N and P in plants, but few studies involve different mycorrhizal types of plants. In this study, the differences of N and P between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants under different drought patterns, drought duration and cultivation conditions were explored based on a dataset by a meta-analysis. Drought stress (DS) showed negative effects on AM plant N (−7.15%) and AM plant P (−13.87%), and a positive effect on AM plant N:P ratio (+8.01%). Drought significantly increased N and the N:P ratio of ECM plants by 1.58% and 3.58%, respectively, and decreased P of ECM plants by −2.00%. Short-term drought (<30 d) reduces more N and P than long-term drought (<30 d) in AM plant species. The duration of drought did not change the N concentration of ECM plant N, while short-term drought reduced ECM plant P. The effects of N and P on DS also varied with different planting conditions and functional groups between AM and ECM plants. Therefore, mycorrhizal effects and stoichiometry of N and P play a key role in plant response to drought. So mycorrhizal effects should be considered when studying plant responses to drought stress.
Review On Deep Learning Technique For Underwater Object Detection

Repair and maintenance of underwater structures as well as marine science rely heavily on the results of underwater object detection, which is a crucial part of the image processing workflow. Although many computer vision-based approaches have been presented, no one has yet developed a system that reliably and accurately detects and categorizes objects and animals found in the deep sea. This is largely due to obstacles that scatter and absorb light in an underwater setting. With the introduction of deep learning, scientists have been able to address a wide range of issues, including safeguarding the marine ecosystem, saving lives in an emergency, preventing underwater disasters, and detecting, spooring, and identifying underwater targets. However, the benefits and drawbacks of these deep learning systems remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the dataset that has been utilized in underwater object detection and to present a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithms employed for this purpose.
Viscous ﬁngering of miscible slices

Viscous ﬁngering of a miscible high viscosity slice of ﬂuid displaced by a lower viscosity ﬂuid is studied in porous media by direct numerical simulations of Darcy’s law coupled to the evolution equation for the concentration of a solute controlling the viscosity of miscible solutions. In contrast with ﬁngering between two semi-inﬁnite regions, ﬁngering of ﬁnite slices is a transient phenomenon due to the decrease in time of the viscosity ratio across the interface induced by ﬁngering and dispersion processes. We show that ﬁngering contributes transiently to the broadening of the peak in time by increasing its variance. A quantitative analysis of the asymptotic contribution of ﬁngering to this variance is conducted as a function of the four relevant parameters of the problem, i.e., the log-mobility ratio R , the length of the slice l , the Péclet number Pe, and the ratio between transverse and axial dispersion coefﬁcients « . Relevance of the results is discussed in relation with transport of viscous samples in chromatographic columns and propagation of contaminants in porous media.
Entity Linking over Nested Named Entities for Russian

In this paper, we describe entity linking annotation over nested named entities in the recently released Russian NEREL dataset for information extraction. The NEREL collection is currently the largest Russian dataset annotated with entities and relations. It includes 933 news texts with annotation of 29 entity types and 49 relation types. The paper describes the main design principles behind NEREL’s entity linking annotation, provides its statistics, and reports evaluation results for several entity linking baselines. To date, 38,152 entity mentions in 933 documents are linked to Wikidata. The NEREL dataset is publicly available.
This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.

Far memory systems allow an application to transparently access local memory as well as memory belonging to remote machines. Fault tolerance is a critical property of any practical approach for far memory, since machine failures (both planned and unplanned) are endemic in datacenters. However, designing a fault tolerance scheme that is efﬁcient with respect to both computation and storage is difﬁcult. In this paper, we introduce Carbink, a far memory system that uses erasure-coding, remote memory compaction, one-sided RMAs, and ofﬂoadable parity calculations to achieve fast, storage-efﬁcient fault tolerance. Compared to Hydra, a state-of-the-art fault-tolerant system for far memory, Carbink has 29% lower tail latency and 48% higher application performance, with at most 35% higher memory usage.
KOMBINASI INSULIN BASAL DENGAN GLP-1 RA DALAM FRC (IGLARLIXI) TERHADAP PENCAPAIAN TARGET DM TIPE 2

Management of diabetes melitus in Indonesia still needs to be improved, the presence of inertia at the time of initiation and intensification of insulin makes the HbA1c target not achieved (<7%). The use of basal insulin often does’nt give satisfactory results, seen from providing HbA1c, the risk of hypoglycemia, and weight gain. The purpose of this literature is to discuss the combination of basal insulin with GLP-1RA (iGlarLixi). Methods The writing of this literature uses a narrative review. Based on a review that has been reviewed, the use of iGlarLixi is superior to insulin alone in the treatment of DM. iGlarLixi provides HbA1c targets <7% more achieved, the risk of hypoglycemia that often occurs with basal insulin use, weight gain also didn’t occur and conversely iGlarLixi can provide a weight loss effect. iGlarLixi can be the first choice in patients with type 2 diabetes who are not controlled with insulin.
Semantic Web Model to Contact Music Bands in Bogotá, Colombia

- This research shows the development of a semantic web model whose objective is to create a knowledge base of traditional groups and music genres of the city of Bogota, the method in which the information is transmitted to and from the knowledge base created is through the use of an API based on REST architecture, which uses the HTTP protocol, this information is presented in a web portal. Visitors and users who visit the portal can carry out searches that are based on SPARQL, to contact music groups according to a series of filters such as: geographical location, music genre, market background, rates among others, this project becomes a digital alternative for musical groups in the city of Bogota to promote their services and provide a virtual channel of contact quickly and safely, this aims to improve the quality of life of members of musical bands. Abstract- This research shows the development of a semantic web model whose objective is to create a knowledge base of traditional groups and music genres of the city of Bogota, the method in which the information is transmitted to and from the knowledge base created is through the use of an API based on REST architecture, which uses the HTTP protocol, this information is presented in a web portal. Visitors and users who visit the portal can carry out searches that are based on SPARQL, to contact music groups according to a series of filters such as: geographical location, music genre, market background, rates among others, this project becomes a digital alternative for musical groups in the city of Bogota to promote their services and provide a virtual channel of contact quickly and safely, this aims to improve the quality of life of members of musical bands.
Variations of the Psychopathic Stress Response

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by antisocial traits such as callousness, grandiosity, manipulativeness, irresponsibility, and superficial charm. These traits can be expressed in different ways, depending on the individual, due to genetic and environmental differences. Likewise, psychopathy is thought to lie on a continuum throughout a given population. One factor that might drive the variability found in psychopathy is the stress response. Psychopathy is associated with little emotionality, fearlessness, and a low response to stress. However, studies on whether psychopaths show a reduced autonomic/somatic stress response have been conflicting; some studies do confirm that psychopaths have a lowered stress response, while others suggest they do not. Recent research has found that the type of psychopathy—Primary or Secondary—predicts the type of stress response that is expressed. By assessing a nonincarcerated, college campus sample, this study was conducted in order to replicate previous research that indicated Primary psychopathy is associated with a reduced autonomic stress response. The Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale was used to assess psychopathy and the Perceived Stress Scale, as well as the Somatic Stress Scale, were used to evaluate the amount and type of stress that a participant was feeling. Results indicated that there was no correlation between overall scores of psychopathy and perceived stress. Correlations run between overall scores of psychopathy and somatic stress symptoms indicated a positive correlation that approached significance. Finally, no correlation was found between Primary psychopathy scores and somatic stress scores. The findings of this research could have been influenced by characteristics of the sampled population and study limitations.
T4-S03: TRADE UNIONS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR Trade union power resources in the public and the private sector: What makes the difference?

This paper discusses German public sector industrial relations (IR). It suggests that neither the structures nor the outcomes of public sector IR can be sufficiently explained by derivation from IR processes within the private sector. Primarily, the specifics and developments of the public sector explain public sector IR. Differences between the public and the private sector result not least in the distinct relevance and meaning of trade union power resources. It is of fundamental importance whether trade unions operate in a profit-driven market environment or a publicly financed environment that is under public control. The ways in which structural, organizational, institutional, societal, and political trade union power resources work, differ widely between the private and the public sector. This is of relevance to trade union strategies.
The Robotic Surgery Procedural Framebank

Robot-Assisted minimally invasive robotic surgery is the gold standard for the surgical treatment of many pathological conditions, and several manuals and academic papers describe how to perform these interventions. These high-quality, often peer-reviewed texts are the main study resource for medical personnel and consequently contain essential procedural domain-specific knowledge. The procedural knowledge therein described could be extracted, e.g., on the basis of semantic parsing models, and used to develop clinical decision support systems or even automation methods for some procedure’s steps. However, natural language understanding algorithms such as, for instance, semantic role labelers have lower efficacy and coverage issues when applied to domain others than those they are typically trained on (i.e., newswire text). To overcome this problem, starting from PropBank frames, we propose a new linguistic resource specific to the robotic-surgery domain, named Robotic Surgery Procedural Framebank (RSPF). We extract from robotic-surgical texts verbs and nouns that describe surgical actions and extend PropBank frames by adding any of new lemmas, frames or role sets required to cover missing lemmas, specific frames describing the surgical significance, or new semantic roles used in procedural surgical language. Our resource is publicly available and can be used to annotate corpora in the surgical domain to train and evaluate Semantic Role Labeling (SRL) systems in a challenging fine-grained domain setting.
The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems A Design Theory for Certification Presentations

Prior information system research remains inconsistent of the effects of system certifications. In their current use, certifications are often reduced to graphical seals. This approach fails to incorporate detailed assurance information emanating from the certification process. To address this gap, we adopt a design science approach and deploy a four-phase research design to clarify how to design impactful IS certification presentations. First, we identify sources of users’ limited understanding of seals and formulate a design proposal for a certification presentation by drawing upon the elaboration likelihood model. In the second phase, we formulate and validate a set of design metarequirements and guidelines to improve certification presentation, using cognitive load theory and Toulmin’s model of argumentation as kernel theories. In the third phase, new certification presentations that comply with the proposed guidelines are developed and evaluated for their effectiveness. We show that presentations that augment seal-based certification presentations with richer assurance information improve certification effectiveness. This increases users’ assurance and trust perceptions when the presentations align with the users’ cognitive information processing needs in ways that reduce their cognitive load and enhance argument quality of assurance information.
A Review on Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

: In Worldwide, prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer death in men. Diagnosis of prostate cancer is primarily based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, MRI scans, and prostate tissue biopsies, although PSA testing for screening remains controversial. There are now new diagnostic tools accessible, such as risk stratification bioassay tests, germline testing, and several types of PET scans. Although overdiagnosis and overtreatment have reduced prostate cancer incidence over the past 20 years, the high rate of disease-related mortality cannot be controlled by treatment alone. If the cancer is identified and treated at an early stage, patients with localized disease at a low to moderate risk of recurrence often experience a satisfactory outcome of 99 % overall survival for 10 years . Current medical treatment approaches include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, cryotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals, immunotherapy, focused radiation, other targeted therapies and other methods.These approaches are greater or less efficient either as monotherapy or in multimodal strategy.The vital role in enhancing patient care is emphasizes in this exercise, which is a current, thorough overview of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with prostate cancer
Efficiently Factorizing Boolean Matrices using Proximal Gradient Descent

Addressing the interpretability problem of NMF on Boolean data, Boolean Matrix Factorization (BMF) uses Boolean algebra to decompose the input into low-rank Boolean factor matrices. These matrices are highly interpretable and very useful in practice, but they come at the high computational cost of solving an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. To reduce the computational burden, we propose to relax BMF continuously using a novel elastic-binary regularizer, from which we derive a proximal gradient algorithm. Through an extensive set of experiments, we demonstrate that our method works well in practice: On synthetic data, we show that it converges quickly, recovers the ground truth precisely, and estimates the simulated rank exactly. On real-world data, we improve upon the state of the art in recall, loss, and runtime, and a case study from the medical domain confirms that our results are easily interpretable and semantically meaningful.
Enhancement of top production in $e^+ e^- \to t\bar t$

We investigate $e^+ e^- \to t\bar t$ by taking into account wave function distortion effects in the near-threshold region and interpolating the correction factor to the high-energy perturbative QCD region. The strong color attraction between the color singlet $t$ and $\bar t$ enhances the cross section over the tree level results near threshold. The rise of the cross section near the threshold is smoothed by the effects of the large top width and below-threshold resonances. The reliability of the prediction is well assessed by comparing with experimental $R$ ratios for lighter quark production at lower energies. The cross sections obtained here using the reported values of the top mass, can be used directly for New Linear Collider (NLC) projections.
Characterization of cavity flow fields using pressure data obtained in the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel

IntroductionCavities in aerodynamic surfaces can generateboth steady and unsteady disturbances in otherwiseuniform flow fields. Changes in static pressure distri-butions inside the cavity can result in large pressuregradients, and the unsteady flow can generate self-sustaining oscillations which, in turn, generate acous-tic tones that radiate from the cavity. Both steadyand unsteady flows can present difficulties for storeseparation from an internal weapons bay. The for-mer can cause large nose-up pitching moments, andthe latter can cause structural vibration of the store.To ensure safe separation, the various flow fields thatdevelop about a cavity must be characterized. Theexperimental and computational results from stud-ies of the mean flow field within a cavity have beenreported in references 1-14. Cavity acoustic resultshave been reported in references 1, 2, 6, and 15-27.The purpose of this study is to characterize thecavity flow fields observed at subsonic and transonicspeeds by using the complimentary static and fluctu-ating pressure data measured along the length of thecavity. Previous publications (refs. 28 and 29) sep-arately analyzed the static and fluctuating pressuredata obtained in this experiment for the effects ofReynolds number and yaw angle, and they found nosignificant effect due to Reynolds number (separatefrom boundary-layer thickness) in either the static orthe fluctuating pressure data. The static results in-dicated that the various types of flow fields occurredfor length-to-height ratios (1/h) that were differentfrom those observed at supersonic speeds. Specifi-cally, the cavity with l/h = 6.7, which would supportopen flow at supersonic speeds, showed transitional-open flow at a free-stream Mach number (Mc¢) of 0.6and tended toward open flow as the Mach numberwas increased to 0.9. The cavity with l/h = 12.67,which would support transitional flow at supersonicspeeds, showed closed flow at M_c = 0.6 and tendedtoward transitional-closed as the Mach number wasincreased to 0.9. The acoustic results, based on fluc-tuating pressures measured at a single location onthe forward floor of the cavity, agreed with super-sonic observations in most cases. A notable exceptionwas the cavity with I/h = 12.67 in which tones de-veloped when the Mach number was reduced to 0.6. The tone amplitude and bandwidth were observedto change from transonic through subsonic with de-creasing Mach number for all cases for which tonesoccurred.The intention of this study is to extend the anal-ysis to more thoroughly characterize the various flowfields and the transitions between them at subsonicand transonic speeds. Some previously publisheddata (acoustic spectra and static pressure distribu-tions) are presented to demonstrate both the cases forwhich static and fluctuating pressure data were con-sistent and the cases for which they were not. Addi-tional unpublished acoustic data measured along thecavity floor are used to generate mode shape plots.
Pulsar Scintillation: Overview and Some Recent Results

Radio signals from pulsars are significantly affected by scattering in the interstellar medium. A review of this phenomenon of pulsar scintillation forms the main objective of this paper. The basic concepts are described and some new results related to the following aspects are presented: (i) understanding of refractive scintillation effects and (ii) constraining the spectrum of electron density fluctuations in the interstellar medium.
Quantum mechanics is based on a relativity principle

Non-relativistic quantum mechanics is shown to emerge from classical mechanics through the requirement of a relativity principle based on special transformations acting on position and momentum uncertainties. These transformations are related to dilatations of space variables provided the quantum potential is added to the classical Hamiltonian functional. The Schr¨odinger equation appears to have a nonunitary and nonlinear companion acting in another time variable. Evolution in this time seems related to the state vector reduction