Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model free sliding mode stabilizing control of a real rotary inverted pendulum

Inverted pendulum systems, because of highly nonlinear, coupled, and unstable dynamic behaviour, are excellent experimental platforms for testing new developed control algorithms. This study explores nonlinear modelling, simulation and sliding mode stabilizing control of a real rotary inverted pendulum in detail. For simulation purposes only, the system was modelled in a nonlinear state space form including the servomotor dynamics. In the light of the simulation results, a rotary inverted pendulum system was designed and manufactured. For a certain quality level of desired output, benefits of the sliding mode control of the system without using an equivalent control signal by selecting a proper smoothing function were shown. This model free approach can be used to satisfy a need especially for practical control applications in industry to a certain level, encouraging practical control engineers to use sliding mode control, who have no ability to model a system or no sufficient time for this, or encounter very complex nonlinear system models in many cases. Comparisons of the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the state equations describe the dynamics of the system satisfactorily, and that robust and accurate balancing of the pendulum can be achieved by using model free sliding mode control with sigmoid smoothing function.
Mass Loss and Stellar Rotation

The observational evidence for non-spherical winds of rapidly rotating hot and cool stars is presented. Models to explain equatorially enhanced winds of AGB stars and of hot B[e]-supergiants are discussed. We distinguish between models with a disk due to an increased equatorial mass flux and those with a disk due to spherical mass loss with a wind flowing towards the equatorial plane.
Analysis of Hypertension Risk Behavior

Hypertension is not only experienced in old age but in the last decade shows data on hypertension experienced by adults and even adolescents. The risk factors for hypertension do not result in the incidence of hypertension in a fast period, but a long/latent, so adolescents who behave at risk of hypertension are feared to contribute to increasing the incidence of hypertension in the young adult and old adult age groups. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze risky behaviors in adolescents. The method used in this study is a quantitative design with a cross-sectional design. The sample of this study was late adolescence.The results showed that adolescents who consumed salt more than 1 tablespoon per day 81.2%, often smoked 80.1%, ate fatty 59.2%, never physical activity 70.2%, never consumed vegetables 48.9%, consumed junkfood 80.1%, and had a history of hypertension 33.3%. Conclusion of 7 variables as risky behavior 3 measurable variables are often carried out by adolescents, namely smoking, not doing physical activity, and never consuming vegetables. Health promotion of hypertension prevention needs to be instilled early so that adolescents behavior has good hypertension prevention behavior
A hybrid lightwave transmission system based on light injection/optoelectronic feedback techniques and fiber-VLLC integration

A hybrid lightwave transmission system based on light injection/optoelectronic feedback techniques and fiber-visible laser light communication (VLLC) integration is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To be the first one of its kind in employing light injection and optoelectronic feedback techniques in a fiber-VLLC integration lightwave transmission system, the light is successfully directly modulated with Community Access Television (CATV), 16-QAM, and 16-QAM-OFDM signals. Over a 40 km SMF and a 10 m free-space VLLC transport, good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR)/composite second-order (CSO)/composite triple-beat (CTB)/bit error rate (BER) are achieved for CATV/16-QAM/16-QAM-OFDM signals transmission. Such a hybrid lightwave transmission system would be very useful since it can provide broadband integrated services including CATV, Internet, and telecommunication services over both distribute fiber and in-building networks.
Argument structure analysis of event nouns based on noun-verb co-occurrences and noun phrase patterns

The study of predicate-argument structure analysis has focused largely on verbs and adjectives. However, to fully understand a sentence such as “His decision was right,” both the predicate “was right” and verbal noun “decision” need to be identified as event denoting expressions. Here, we call verbal nouns event nouns, which refer to events like “he decided something,” and propose argument structure analysis of event nouns. Some event nouns, such as “cook”, do not always refer to an event and word sense disambiguation of event nouns has to be done depending on event nouns in use. In this thesis, we present a machine learning method to identify eventness using noun-verb co-occurrences and noun phrase patterns from large corpora. We also investigate a method of incorporating noun-verb co-occurrences to label arguments of event nouns, and conduct error analysis for the argument labeling task.
WATER HARVESTING OF URBAN RUNOFF IN KUWAIT

This paper presents the application of the SWMM model to estimate the runo due to rainfall over urban areas in Kuwait. The SWMM provides a powerful tool, in terms of its graphical capabilities and fast convergence to optimal design parameters for large urban areas. More importantly, simulation of the dynamic wave resulting from the urban runo -transport phenomenon leads to a more accurate design for the storm drainage system, which, in Kuwait, has traditionally been based on the Rational Method. The results of this study con rm the quantitative viability of harvesting the otherwise lost runo towards providing an additional water resource in Kuwait. A preliminary analysis of storm water quality also con rms its qualitative viability. A carefully designed, comparative questionnaire was used to solicit public opinion from various layers of society. The ndings clearly indicate a strong public support in favor of using harvested storm water versus recycled waste water. Given the semi-arid nature of Kuwait, multiplicity of fresh water resources is vital. This study presents harvested storm water as a strong vital option. The strategic decision, visa-vis the optimal combination of fresh water resources, should be based on thorough technical and nancial analyses. Resorting to the SWMM in designing storm drainage systems instead of the Rational Method will certainly minimize the ill e ects of ooding, as recently experienced in Kuwait.
A new intraocular lens marker to guide the implantation of toric intraocular lenses in small and mid-dilating pupils

Insufficient pupillary dilatation is a significant challenge during cataract surgery, as it increases the risk of various intraoperative complications. Implantation of toric intraocular lenses (TIOL) is particularly difficult in eyes with small pupils, as the toric marks are provided in the periphery of the IOL optic, making the visualization of the same difficult for proper alignment. Attempts at visualizing these marks using a second instrument such as a dialler or iris retractor lead to additional manipulations in the anterior chamber resulting in increased chances of postoperative inflammation and intraocular pressure rise. A new intraocular lens (IOL) marker to guide the implantation of TIOLs in eyes with small pupils is described, which can potentially be beneficial in achieving accurate alignment of toric IOLs in small pupils, without the need for additional manipulations, thus improving safety, efficacy, and success rates of TIOL implantation in these eyes.
Computational logic and integer programming

The enormous increase in the availability and speed of computers in the past few decades has led to a parallel increase in the number of applications. As with other advances in technology, as many problems are created as are solved. Although computers create a potential for solving many hitherto impossible problems the implementation is often much more di cult than might appear from cursory examination. However fast computer hardware becomes there will always be many problems whose computation takes a prohibitive amount of time. Many of these problems are of a \logical" nature. They arise in problems such as e cient computer circuit design, database retrieval systems, expert systems and arti cial intelligence. In order to explain the material in this chapter it is necessary to introduce some logical notation from the propositional calculus (also sometimes known as \sentential logic" or \boolean algebra"). We will use capital letters (sometimes su xed) to represent propositions e.g. A, B, X1, X2, etc. These propositions may take two possible values, true (T) or false (F). Such (atomic) propositions may be altered or combined by means of connectives.
Influence of Multimodal Emotional Stimulations on Brain Activity: An Electroencephalographic Study

This study aimed to reveal the influence of emotional valence and sensory modality on neural activity in response to multimodal emotional stimuli using scalp EEG. In this study, 20 healthy participants completed the emotional multimodal stimulation experiment for three stimulus modalities (audio, visual, and audio-visual), all of which are from the same video source with two emotional components (pleasure or unpleasure), and EEG data were collected using six experimental conditions and one resting state. We analyzed power spectral density (PSD) and event-related potential (ERP) components in response to multimodal emotional stimuli, for spectral and temporal analysis. PSD results showed that the single modality (audio only/visual only) emotional stimulation PSD differed from multi-modality (audio-visual) in a wide brain and band range due to the changes in modality and not from the changes in emotional degree. The most pronounced N200-to-P300 potential shifts occurred in monomodal rather than multimodal emotional stimulations. This study suggests that emotional saliency and sensory processing efficiency perform a significant role in shaping neural activity during multimodal emotional stimulation, with the sensory modality being more influential in PSD. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in multimodal emotional stimulation.
Group Actions on Operator Algebras

We give a brief account of group actions on operator algebras mainly focusing on classification results. We first recall rather classical results on the classification of discrete amenable group actions on the injective factors, which may serve as potential goals in the case of C∗-algebras for the future. We also mention Galois correspondence type results and quantum group actions for von Neumann algebras. Then we report on the recent developments of the classification of group actions on C∗-algebras in terms of K-theoretical invariants. We give conjectures on the classification of a class of countable amenable group actions on Kirchberg algebras and strongly self-absorbing C∗-algebras, which involve the classifying spaces of the groups. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 46L40; Secondary 46L35.
Resonant interaction between laser and electrons undergoing betatron oscillations in the bubble regime

The betatron radiation in the bubble regime is studied in the presence of resonant interaction between the accelerated electrons and the driver laser pulse tail. The calculations refer to experimental parameters available at the FLAME laser facility at the National Laboratories of Frascati (LNF), and represent the radiation spectra and spatial distributions to be expected in forthcoming experiments.
Variational formulation of the Generalized Navier Boundary Condition.

In this paper, we propose an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation of the Generalized Navier Boundary Condition introduced in~\cite{qian-wang-sheng-03,qian-wang-sheng-06} to model the displacement of the contact line of an interface in two-fluid flows. Owing to these boundary conditions, it is possible to circumvent the incompatibility between the classical no-slip boundary condition and the fact that the contact line of the interface on the wall is actually moving. We present some results on the stability of the numerical scheme in energy norm. We show the validity of the approach by numerical experiments on two-fluid flows in narrow channels.
Fast Transceiver Design for RIS-Assisted MIMO mmWave Wireless Communications

Due to high bandwidth and small antenna size, millimeter-wave (mmWave) integrated line-of-sight (LOS) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems have attracted much attention. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), which have the potential to change the characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves with low power cost, can improve the performance for the MIMO mmWave wireless communications. Uniform circular array (UCA) is an effective antenna structure with low complexity transceiver. In this paper, UCA based RIS-assisted MIMO mmWave wireless communications with transmit UCA, the RIS UCAs, and receive UCA are investigated. Since the rotation angles between the transceiver make the channel matrix noncirculant, an algorithm is developed to derive the ranges of the rotation angles based on an acceptable error and reduce the impact of rotation angles on channel matrix. Then, we propose a low-complexity precoding scheme at the transmitter, phase designs at the RIS UCAs, and a phase compensation scheme at the receiver, which can convert the channel matrix into an equivalent circulant channel matrix with a small error. Then, a fast symbol-wise maximum likelihood (ML) detection scheme is proposed to recover the signals with low computational complexity. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the theory.
PageRank, Spectral Graph Theory, and the Matrix Tree Theorem

There are two predominant ranking algorithms. PageRank and HITS. PageRank was developed by Brin and Page and is the foundation for what is now the Google search engine in 1997. The other, lesser known, is the HITS algorithm which focuses on “hubs” and “authorities” developed by Kleinburg [1] in 1999. Both of these algorithms are important, most notably, because they are able to capture the essence of a graph without doing any global pattern matching. Further, it should be noted that even though Kleinburg “did not receive any Google stock,” mathematically, his algorithm is still very important today. Here, we will focus on the PageRank algorithm, for more information on the HITS algorithm, please see the references below.
Predicting Failure Distributions of SRAM Arrays by Using Extreme Value Statistic, Bit Cell Simulation, and Machine Learning

We present a successful methodology for accurately predicting failure distributions of SRAM arrays based on simulation results of a single bit cell. This was achieved by using extreme value statistic and a data-centric approach of supervised machine learning. The purpose of such predictions is to enable assessments of the trade-off between optimizing power, performance, and area (PPA) and safeguarding reliability in an early phase of development.
“I had a mother that i could always go to”: gender role development and the intergenerational socialization of Indigenous women

ABSTRACT Previous research exploring gender role conceptualization within the United States has predominantly centred white, middle-class individuals’ experiences. These analyses are therefore limited based on their lack of attention to ethnic, legal/political, and cultural differences within the United States, especially in regard to Indigenous populations. Building on previous exploring the family as a site of gender role development, and resilience, Tribal Critical Race Theory is used in this article to contextualize our findings with particular attention to how colonization has reinforced patriarchy and served to elevate European American thought and experiences. In semi-structured life-history interviews, participants described shifting gender norms in attempts to resist assimilation ideals and a perception of motherhood as holding capacity for challenging settler culture and reclaiming power. Prominent themes for participants included: (a) the role of strong women within the community; (b) the continuum of patriarchal to egalitarian gender norms and beliefs; (c) the roles of mothers and impact of motherhood; (d) norms surrounding early childbearing and marriage; and (e) gendered caretaking. This research finds that tribal women, as primary sources of socialization for children and community, are resisting patriarchal and colonial gender-related expectations and messages and forging a path of strength and resiliency.
Building Downtown Los Angeles: The Politics of Race and Place in Urban America

and unifying efforts of that organization to create a better society based on values espoused by their leader rather than on traditional interpretations of a “good life” characterized by wasteful use of natural resources, alienation from animal life, and traditional paths to material wellbeing. The last portion of the book, the “Coda,” suggests that urbanists don’t understand the basic concept of livability if we don’t understand how we continue to practice racial and class exclusion while offering profound disrespect for Black people, Black communities, and the organizations that they struggle to maintain amid repression, exclusion, incarceration, police harassment, and poverty.
Could Selenium Supplementation Prevent COVID-19? A Comprehensive Review of Available Studies

The purpose of this review is to systematically examine the scientific evidence investigating selenium’s relationship with COVID-19, aiming to support, or refute, the growing hypothesis that supplementation could prevent COVID-19 etiopathogenesis. In fact, immediately after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, several speculative reviews suggested that selenium supplementation in the general population could act as a silver bullet to limit or even prevent the disease. Instead, a deep reading of the scientific reports on selenium and COVID-19 that are available to date supports neither the specific role of selenium in COVID-19 severity, nor the role of its supplementation in the prevention disease onset, nor its etiology.
Fractional‐order sliding mode control for a novel magneto‐electro‐elastic microtube robot

In this paper, a tracking controller based on a non‐integer sliding surface is proposed for a magneto‐electro‐elastic (MEE) fluid‐conveying microtube robot. The smart/adaptive MEE material enables us to control the robot with no need for external sensors and actuators. The micro‐robot lateral motion is modeled by Euler–Bernoulli beam equations. The governing equation of the robot is derived using the constitutive equations of MEE materials and Maxwell's principle followed by Hamilton's variational method. Based on the extracted dynamic model, a novel non‐integer order sliding mode controller is introduced to suppress the microtube vibration and to provide robust path following for the robot tip. This control approach is compatible with the parameter‐varying nature of the robot dynamics. Theoretical analyses, based on Lyapunov theory, are also conducted to verify the stability of the closed‐loop system. Comparative simulations are finally performed to show the efficiency of the proposed system in comparison with the conventional micro tubes made of smart materials and with an integer order sliding mode controller (SMC). The results demonstrate that the proposed robot properly meets the performance requirements in terms of vibration suppression and trajectory tracking, even in the presence of disturbances.
¿Afecta el contexto económico a la intención de volver al país de origen? El caso de los emigrantes chilenos

El objetivo de este artículo es explorar los efectos del contexto económico del país de residencia en la declaración de la intención de retorno entre los inmigrantes. Con base en los datos del Segundo Registro de Chilenos en el Exterior, este artículo establece un análisis multinivel de los determinantes de la intención de retorno entre emigrantes chilenos con más de 54 países diferentes. Se pretende entender cómo se articulan diversas variables explicativas en distintos niveles, es decir, en qué medida las características de los países de residencia de los emigrantes determinan la intención de retorno en relación con los factores vinculados con su trayectoria vital. La contribución de este artículo es mostrar que mientras los efectos del contexto económico no parecen ser significativos, las variables individuales, en cambio, demuestran tener un fuerte impacto, lo que resulta congruente con el resto de la literatura sobre la intención de retorno.
Towards a pattern‐based model transformation framework

Model‐Driven Development (MDD) is one of the important approaches to develop complex software systems. This approach tries to model a system in high‐abstraction level. Then through applying multiple transformations step by step, the model abstraction level is reduced and finally yields to executable code. As a result, Model transformation (MT) plays a pivotal role on the realization of MDD goals. Due to the increasing complexity of software systems, MTs naturally become more complex. Hence, qualitative technical issues may be overlooked or forgotten in these model transformations. To alleviate these issues in terms of technical debts/code smells in MTs, we can apply MT patterns. A main drawback on applying patterns is that most of them are cataloged in informal language. Additionally, construction of a conceptual framework to help MT designers through applying patterns requires a precise specification of the underlying MT patterns. With a formal basis, this paper is trying to realize the proposed framework. Hence, some of the existing well‐known MT patterns are formalized. Then based on the identified common technical debts/code smells in MTs, a designer can be directed to apply the appropriate patterns and resolve the detected problems iteratively. For the applicability and functionality of the proposed framework, several examples of problematic model transformations in terms of quality flaws were considered and resolved using the appropriate patterns. We consider the Epsilon Transformation Language (ETL) cases of model transformations in this paper, and other similar MT languages could be treated using the same measures and patterns as well.
Immunological Profile of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high mortality and disability rates, which are substantially driven by complications. Early brain injury and vasospasm can happen after SAH and are crucial events to prevent and treat to improve prognosis. In recent decades, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in SAH complications, with both innate and adaptive immunity involved in mechanisms of damage after SAH. The purpose of this review is to summarize the immunological profile of vasospasm, highlighting the potential implementation of biomarkers for its prediction and management. Overall, the kinetics of central nervous system (CNS) immune invasion and soluble factors’ production critically differs between patients developing vasospasm compared to those not experiencing this complication. In particular, in people developing vasospasm, a neutrophil increase develops in the first minutes to days and pairs with a mild depletion of CD45+ lymphocytes. Cytokine production is boosted early on after SAH, and a steep increase in interleukin-6, metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) anticipates the development of vasospasm after SAH. We also highlight the role of microglia and the potential influence of genetic polymorphism in the development of vasospasm and SAH-related complications.