Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L-cuts for genus two translation surfaces

A connected sum is a topological way of joining two Riemann surfaces which results in another surface. It is used in the classification of all connected closed orientable surfaces as being homeomorphic to either the sphere, or a connected sum of tori. The reverse operation, here referred to as a splitting, decomposes a surface as a connected sum. It was recently shown by Curtis McMullen that any translation surface of genus two can be written in infinitely many ways as a connected sum of two flat tori. His method was to find a certain straight saddle connection J , and perform a splitting along J ∪ η(J), where η is the hyperelliptic involution (the unique degree-two automorphism on the surface which fixes exactly six points). In this dissertation, we give an elementary argument for existence of such J and show that for all surfaces of genus two on which the vertical flow is minimal, the same kind of splitting is possible along a parallel pair of paths with the straight saddle connection replaced by an L-cut: a broken line with one horizontal and one vertical segment. As a direct consequence of this L-cut splitting, it is shown that a homeomorphism on a genus-two surface which is conjugated to a hyperbolic toral automorphism restricted to an invariant subset (if any such situation even exists) can only be pseudoAnosov with non-orientable foliations. This makes progress toward addressing an old question of Stephen Smale about the existence of an invariant set of a hyperbolic toral automorphism which is itself a compact surface.
Fuse observations of PG1342+444: new insights into the nature of the hottest DA white dwarfs

We present Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) observations of the very hot (T e f f 60 000 K) DA white dwarf PG1342+444, describing our data reduction and analysis techniques. The spectrum reveals a number of photospheric absorption lines from high ionization species along with numerous interstellar features. The photospheric detections include the 1031.9- and 1037.0-A O V I lines which are seen for the first time in a hot DA atmosphere and are usually associated with the much hotter PG1159 stars and so-called O V I central stars of planetary nebulae. Estimates of the stellar effective temperature made independently using both the Balmer and Lyman series lines are in disagreement (T e f f 67 000 and 54 000 K respectively), when taking into account just the statistical uncertainties in the analyses. However, the presence of weak absorption from the C I I I multiplet near 1176 A, which is predicted to be much stronger if the star were as cool as the Lyman measurement suggests, leads us to favour the higher temperature. PG1342+444 appears to have enhanced C, Fe and Ni abundances in its atmosphere compared with all the other G191-B2B-like DA white dwarfs, which might affect the temperature structure of the atmosphere if not homogeneously distributed, as assumed in this study.
The Future of API (Application Programming Interface) Security: The Adoption of APIs for Digital Communications and the Implications for Cyber Security Vulnerabilities

Businesses and consumers need to have a robust Application Programming Interface (API) management and security program in place to ensure they are using the most updated policies to certify that these transactions are adequately secure. Technology vendors do provide API Management tools for Customers, and there are established API security standards for securing API transactions. Given the effort to keep APIs open and easy to implement for Business to Business (B2B) and Business to Consumer (B2C) communications, security standards must be part of API management. This research gathered data to investigate why APIs are vulnerable. The research explored the different perspectives among Customers with regards to their own professional experiences with developing private APIs for their organizations and compared it to the Cyber Security Vendor/Supplier segment that offer products and services to assist their Customers with API development, security, and management. The research found that API exploits are usually not detected while they are occurring and perspectives about security readiness are different by IT role. Some basic blocking and tackling fundamentals that can help any organization improve API security management are identified by this research
The Effects of Treatment in Psychotic Disorders—Changes in BDNF Levels and Clinical Outcomes: Systematic Review

Psychotic disorders are associated with significant impairment in functioning, and their treatment remains a great therapeutic challenge. Patients are at a higher risk of suicide and premature mortality. Biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), play a vital role in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment. Decreased levels of BDNF alter neuronal signaling and cause the appearance of symptoms such as the impairment of working memory. A literature search was performed using the PubMed data base. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 24 original articles were selected. We collected available data showcasing the influence of antipsychotic and non-pharmacological treatments, in patients suffering from psychotic disorders, on clinical conditions and BDNF levels in serum or plasma. In this review, we outline emerging data regarding the influence of different antipsychotic drugs and non-pharmacological treatment methods on BDNF and discuss their role as predictors of treatment outcome. Most studies conducted with antipsychotics saw an increase in BDNF levels; however, no positive correlation between change in BDNF and PANSS scores was observed. Studies based on non-pharmacological methods varied based on the treatment applied. Therefore, it is difficult to draw definite conclusions.
Understanding continuous sharing behavior of online travel community users: a case of TripAdvisor

ABSTRACT Given the rapid development of the internet, the prospects for the online travel industry are promising, and online travel communities (OTCs) have become an invaluable platform for people exchanging travel information and making related decisions. However, the mobility and continuous sharing behavior of online travel community users has become a major source of uncertainty in platform management. To establish ways of regulating online communities and promoting innovation and development, this article builds on the knowledge and definitions of relevant concepts that we find in the research literature. Taking the online travel community as its research object and the TripAdvisor website as an example, based on social cognition theory and social exchange theory, this study identifies four community factors that influence the continuous sharing behaviors of users in online travel communities. The results show that richness of self-presentation, community identity, community support and community observation learning all have positive effect on the continuous sharing behavior of online travel community users. On this basis, the article offers comments and suggestions on the sustainable development of online travel agency enterprises.
Botilinum toxin in the treatment of strabismus

Introduction: Strabismus is an oculomotor imbalance that occurs in 0.5 to 5% of the population. There are various etiopathogenetic theories and several modalities of treatment. One of these modalities is the application of botulinum toxin intramuscularly. This chemodenervation causes temporary muscle paresis which acts as a recession while its antagonist contracts. This achieves a temporary correction of strabismus. However, further research is needed. The aim of the paper was evaluation of published research studies on botulinum toxin as a treatment option in strabismus, as a primary and adjuvant therapy and as a preventive therapy in patients with abducens nerve palsy. For this purpose, we searched the major databases of the medical publications Medline and Pubmed, using keywords: strabismus, botulinum toxin. We found more than 50 articles related to our search for the last 30 years, 30 of which have been used for this review. In this review paper we have presented the most important insights from the literature, as well as our opinions and insights on the topic. Although further studies are needed regarding dosing as well as avoiding side effects, botulinum toxin has been shown to be a good alternative and adjunctive therapy to strabismus surgery, with the downside being that the effect is temporary. Positive effects and faster recovery have also been shown in patients with abducens nerve palsy.
Evidence for rotationally modulated variability in O star winds

Interpretation de la nature de la variabilite observee dans les profils de raies P Cygni resonnantes UV de 4 etoiles O, en termes d'episodes recurrents d'augmentations d'absorption large a faible vitesse evoluants en composantes d'absorption etroite a haute vitesse
Boundary-based corner detection using wavelet transform

A novel corner detection algorithm based on the wavelet transform is presented. The algorithm detects corners by applying the shape information of the orientation profile of the corner. The shape information is extracted by using the wavelet transform. The conducted experiments have shown that our algorithm is more effective than the conventional corner detection algorithms. Compared with the traditional multiscale corner detection algorithms, our algorithm is computationally simpler because we have to compute the wavelet transform for only one or two scales. <<ETX>>
INFLUENCE OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION EFFICIENCY OF DEPOSIT TAKING SACCOS’S IN KENYA

Purpose: The regulation of Deposit Taking Saving and Credit Co-operative societies was expected to enhance transparency and accountability in the management of DT SACCO’s and thus protecting the interests of members. This was expected to lead to better service to members through provision of timely loans and advances with minimal risk exposures. SACCO’s have been identified as major financial player away from the Commercial Banks thus important in financial intermediation. Thus, the current study on the influence of credit management on financial intermediation efficiency of DT SACCO’s in Kenya. Methodology: The study targeted 174 DT SACCO’s operating in Kenya as at 31st December 2019. Data analysis was done using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics used in the study included measures of central tendency; mean; dispersion and standard deviation. Inferential statistics used included correlation and regression analysis. Results: The study findings showed that there was a persistent increase in financial intermediation efficiency within the period under study and thus can be concluded that as DT SACCOs complied with credit managementon their financial intermediation efficiency improved. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Pure efficiency was lower than scale efficiency throughout the period under study, thus there is need for management to examine their performance inefficiencies so as to minimize wastages and spillage of performance opportunities.
DETECTION OF ANOMALOUS STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR USING WAVELET ANALYSIS

Structural health monitoring (SHM) can be defined as the continuous monitoring of a bridge's state properties, such as static and dynamic response, in order to diagnose the onset of anomalous structural behaviour. This involves measuring and evaluating the state properties and relating these to defined performance parameters. The process of measuring state properties, either continuously or periodically, produces large quantities of data and by careful analysis of these data, sudden and gradual changes in the bridge's behaviour can be identified and characterised. The ability of wavelet transforms to detect abrupt changes, gradual change beginnings and ends of events make them well suited for the analysis of bridge health monitoring data. This paper presents the application of wavelet analysis to identify events and changes in structural state in a bridge during and after its construction.
Determination of the second order susceptibility tensor in banana-shaped liquid crystals

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) measurements have been carried out on the B2 phases of three liquid crystal materials composed of conventional banana-shaped molecules (P-10-O-PIMB, P-8-O-PIMB and P-8-PIMB). Quantitative values of the second order susceptibilities dij have been deduced from SHG measurements at oblique incidences on polydomain racemic samples under an electric field. The dij coefficients are in the range 1-10 pm V−1.
Immersed Virtual Element Methods for Electromagnetic Interface Problems in Three Dimensions

Finite element methods for electromagnetic problems modeled by Maxwell-type equations are highly sensitive to the conformity of approximation spaces, and non-conforming methods may cause loss of convergence. This fact leads to an essential obstacle for almost all the interface-unfitted mesh methods in the literature regarding the application to electromagnetic interface problems, as they are based on non-conforming spaces. In this work, a novel immersed virtual element method for solving a 3D $\mathbf{H}(\mathrm{curl})$ interface problem is developed, and the motivation is to combine the conformity of virtual element spaces and robust approximation capabilities of immersed finite element spaces. The proposed method is able to achieve optimal convergence. To develop a systematic framework, the $H^1$, $\mathbf{H}(\mathrm{curl})$ and $\mathbf{H}(\mathrm{div})$ interface problems and their corresponding problem-orientated immersed virtual element spaces are considered all together. In addition, the de Rham complex will be established based on which the Hiptmair-Xu (HX) preconditioner can be used to develop a fast solver for the $\mathbf{H}(\mathrm{curl})$ interface problem.
Moderate Deviations for Estimators of Financial Risk Under an Asymmetric Laplace Law

We study moderate deviations of estimators of financial risk under an asymmetric Laplace law. The moderate deviation principles of two kinds of estimators of Value-at-Risk (VaR) and conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) are obtained by the approximation method and the delta method in large deviations. Some numerical comparisons of the estimators are also presented.
A Survey on Wearable Sensors for Mental Health Monitoring

Mental illness, whether it is medically diagnosed or undiagnosed, affects a large proportion of the population. It is one of the causes of extensive disability, and f not properly treated, it can lead to severe emotional, behavioral, and physical health problems. In most mental health research studies, the focus is on treatment, but fewer resources are focused on technical solutions to mental health issues. The present paper carried out a systematic review of available literature using PRISMA guidelines to address various monitoring solutions in mental health through the use of wearable sensors. Wearable sensors can offer several advantages over traditional methods of mental health assessment, including convenience, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to capture data in real-world settings. Their ability to collect data related to anxiety and stress levels, as well as panic attacks, is discussed. The available sensors on the market are described, as well as their success in providing data that can be correlated with the aforementioned health issues. The current wearable landscape is quite dynamic, and the current offerings have enough quality to deliver meaningful data targeted for machine learning algorithms. The results indicate that mental health monitoring is feasible.
Circular Economy Disclosure in Sustainability Reporting: The Effect of Firm Characteristics

The circular economy is increasingly establishing itself as a model capable of overcoming the current linear economy of production and consumption recognized as unsustainable by society. Its relevance has also attracted the attention of academics, interested not only in the implementation methods of the circular economy, but also in the ways in which companies communicate information about them. However, although in recent years some scholars have begun to investigate the circular economy disclosure (CED), research on this topic is still in an embryonic state. In fact, in the academic literature there are only a few studies related to the CED and its drivers. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating, under the lens of stakeholder theory, the effect of firm characteristics on the level of CED. To this end, it firstly involves the use of a manual content analysis of the sustainability reports drawn up by 88 international companies to measure the level of CED and, secondly, a regression model to test the impact of the firm characteristics. Empirical results demonstrate a positive effect of firm size, financial leverage and firm profitability on the level of CED. The results have important practical implications for firms and policymakers.
Well-posedness of feedback systems: insights into exact robustness analysis and approximate computations

This paper establishes a framework for robust stability analysis of linear time-invariant uncertain systems, The uncertainty is assumed to belong to an arbitrary subset of complex matrices. The concept used here is well-posedness of feedback systems, leading to necessary and sufficient conditions for robust stability. Based on this concept, some insights into exact robust stability conditions are given, In particular, frequency domain and state-space conditions for well-posedness are provided in terms of Hermitian-form inequalities. It is shown that these inequalities can be interpreted as small-gain conditions with a generalized class of scalings given by linear fractional transformations (LFT). Using the LFT-scaled small-gain condition in the state-space setting, the "duality" is established between the H/sub /spl infin// norm condition with frequency-dependent scalings and the parameter-dependent Lyapunov condition. Connections to the existing results, including the structured singular value and the integral quadratic constraints, are also discussed. Finally, we show that our well-posedness conditions can be used to give a less conservative, yet computable bound on the real structured singular value. This result is illustrated by numerical examples.
Terahertz Resonant-Tunneling Diode With Series-Fed Patch Array Antenna

Resonant-tunneling diodes (RTDs) are promising electronic sources for terahertz (THz) waves. A recently proposed slot-based RTD simplifies the fabrication process by removing the metal–insulator–metal capacitor, which is used for dc separation, and introducing an etch stopper layer for simple air bridge formation. The simplified RTD structure, however, exhibits an unexpected large tilt angle in the main lobe of its radiation pattern due to the coupling between the slot antenna and the bias pads. Here, we present a series-fed patch array design that exploits the biasing structure and directs leakage surface waves to the broadside direction. The simulation result shows that the main lobe is along the broadside, with a maximum directivity over 12 dBi and a 3-dB bandwidth around 20%. The radiation efficiency is improved from 22% to 28% at 275 GHz. An experimental validation with a bullet lens indicates that the RTD device with a series-fed patch array antenna has a narrower beamwidth and a sidelobe level much lower compared with the original RTD. With such improved radiation performance, this simple RTD device becomes a potential source for the development of future array-level designs and flat lens systems.
Raising the bar on fibrinogen: a retrospective assessment of critical hypofibrinogenemia in severely injured trauma patients

Objectives Fibrinogen depletion may occur at higher levels than historically referenced. We evaluated hypofibrinogenemia and associated mortality and multiple organ failure (MOF) after severe injury. Methods Retrospective investigation including 417 adult patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15. Demographics and injury characteristics were collected. Fibrinogen within 30 minutes of admission was described: <150 mg/dL, 150 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL and >200 mg/dL. Primary outcome: 28-day mortality. Secondary outcomes: 28-day MOF and blood product transfusion. Multivariable logistic regression model evaluated association of fibrinogen categories on risk of death, after controlling for confounding variables. Results presented as OR and 95% CIs. Results Fibrinogen <150 mg/dL: 4.8%, 150 mg/dL to 200 mg/dL: 18.2%, >200 mg/dL: 77.0%. 28-day mortality: 15.6%. Patients with <150 mg/dL fibrinogen had over fourfold increased 28-day mortality risk (OR: 4.9, 95% CI 1.53 to 15.7) after adjusting for age, ISS and admission Glasgow Coma Scale. Patients with lower fibrinogen were more likely to develop MOF (p=0.04) and receive larger red blood cell transfusion volumes at 3 hours and 24 hours (p<0.01). Conclusions Fibrinogen <150 mg/dL is significantly associated with increased 28-day mortality. Patients with fibrinogen <150 mg/dL were more likely to develop MOF and required increased administration of blood products. The optimal threshold for critically low fibrinogen, the association with MOF and subsequent fibrinogen replacement requires further investigation. Level of evidence Level III
Multi-zone behavior of transverse liquid jet in high-speed flow

The behavior of a liquid-fuel spray transversely injected into a uniform high-speed crossflow has been characterized using a laser-sheet imaging technique. The dependence of jet penetration upon jet-to-crossflow momentum ratio was studied by varying the ratio from 3 to 45. The static pressure inside the test section was varied from 14.7 to 30 psia, while the freestream Mach number was held constant at 0.4. A detailed comparison of the jet trajectories (penetration profiles) measured in this study with those predicted by currently available correlation functions revealed gross discrepancies. These discrepancies were attributed to the fact that the spray plume consists of several zones, i.e., a liquid column adjacent to the injector and ligament and droplet regions, exhibiting different characteristics which cannot be adequately described by empirical functions. A composite functional form which takes into account the behavior of these fundamcntally different spray regions has been formulated to provide a more accurate description of the penetration profile of the spray plume. The proposed empirical formula also describes the maximum (asymptotic) penetration of the spray plume in the far field. The dependence of asymptotic penetration hcight upon momentum ratio was analyzed to yield a general formula for predicting the spray trajectory over a wide range of momentum ratios. d’
Cluster Consensus of Nonlinearly Coupled Multi-Agent Systems in Directed Graphs

We investigate the cluster consensus problem in directed networks of nonlinearly coupled multi-agent systems by using pinning control. Depending on the community structure generated by the group partition of the underlying digraph, various clusters can be made coherently independent by applying feedback injections to a fraction of the agents. Sufficient conditions for cluster consensus are obtained using algebraic graph theory and matrix theory and some simulations results are included to illustrate the method.
High power diffraction limited output from a tapered laser operating at 1.55 /spl mu/m

550 mW quasi-CW output power with 85% of the power in the central lobe is obtained from a 1.55 /spl mu/m wavelength InGaAsP/InP MQW tapered unstable resonator. This power was found to be emitted in a near-diffraction-limited beam.