Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On The London–Lund Corpus 2: design, challenges and innovations

This article describes and critically examines the challenging task of compiling The London–Lund Corpus 2 (LLC–2) from start to end, accounting for the methodological decisions made in each stage and highlighting the innovations. LLC–2 is a half-a-million-word corpus of contemporary spoken British English with recordings from 2014 to 2019. Its size and design are the same as those of the world's first machine-readable spoken corpus, The London–Lund Corpus of Spoken English with data from the 1950s to 1980s. In this way, LLC–2 allows not only for synchronic investigations of contemporary speech but also for principled diachronic research of spoken language across time. Each stage of the compilation of LLC–2 posed its own challenges, ranging from the design of the corpus, the recruitment of the speakers, transcription, markup and annotation procedures, to the release of the corpus to the international research community. The decisions and solutions represent state-of-the-art practices of spoken corpus compilation with important innovations that enhance the value of LLC–2 for spoken corpus research, such as the availability of both the transcriptions and the corresponding time-aligned audio files in a standard compliant format.
The effect of government intervention on the resource misallocation in innovation: ownership differences

ABSTRACT In the present study, the misallocation of resources in innovation in the China’s high-tech industry sector was analysed. A model was constructed to measure the misallocation of resources at the level of the department. Based on the model, there is an estimated misallocation of total resources, capital, and labour, respectively. The empirical findings show that there is a misallocation of innovation resources in the high-tech industry sector, with a general trend of fluctuation from 45.73% in 2009 to 7.85% in 2016. The misallocation of resources caused by labour is greater than capital. Government intervention has a significant negative impact on the misallocation of resources in innovation. An increase in the share of SOEs in an industry will deepen the misallocation.
Time to Surgery Does Not Influence Survival Outcome in Patients With Upfront Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

BackgroundThis study evaluated the impact of time to surgery (TTS) on overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and postoperative complication rate in patients with upfront resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA). MethodsWe retrospectively included patients who underwent upfront surgery for PA between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2014 from four French centers. TTS was defined as the number of days between the date of the first consultation in specialist care and the date of surgery. DFS for a 14-day TTS was the primary endpoint. We also analyzed survival depending on different delay cut-offs (7, 14, 28, 60 and 75 days). ResultsA total of 168 patients were included. 59 patients (35%) underwent an upfront surgery within 14 days. Patients in the higher delay group had significantly more vein resections and endoscopic biliary drainage. Adjusted OS (p = 0.44), DFS (p = 0.99), fistulas (p = 0.41), hemorrhage (p = 0.59) and severe post-operative complications (p = 0.82) were similar in both groups. Other delay cut-offs had no impact on OS or DFS.DiscussionTTS seems to have no impact on OS, DFS and 90-day postoperative morbidity.
Twitter flagged Donald Trump’s tweets with election misinformation: They continued to spread both on and off the platform

We analyze the spread of Donald Trump’s tweets that were flagged by Twitter using two intervention strategies—attaching a warning label and blocking engagement with the tweet entirely. We find that while blocking engagement on certain tweets limited their diffusion, messages we examined with warning labels spread further on Twitter than those without labels. Additionally, the messages that had been blocked on Twitter remained popular on Facebook, Instagram, and Reddit, being posted more often and garnering more visibility than messages that had either been labeled by Twitter or received no intervention at all. Taken together, our results emphasize the importance of considering content moderation at the ecosystem level.
Recent development of saturable absorbers for ultrafast lasers [Invited]

As one of the greatest inventions in the 20th century, ultrafast lasers have offered new opportunities in the areas of basic scientific research and industrial manufacturing. Optical modulators are of great importance in ultrafast lasers, which directly affect the output laser performances. Over the past decades, significant efforts have been made in the development of compact, controllable, repeatable, as well as integratable optical modulators (i.e., saturable absorbers). In this paper, we review the fundamentals of the most widely studied saturable absorbers, including semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors and low-dimensional nanomaterials. Then, different fabrication technologies for saturable absorbers and their ultrafast laser applications in a wide wavelength range are illustrated. Furthermore, challenges and perspectives for the future development of saturable absorbers are discussed and presented. The development of ultrafast lasers together with the continuous exploration of reliable saturable absorbers will open up new directions for the mass production of the next-generation optoelectronic devices.
Game theory applications in host-microbe interactions toward disease manifestation: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as an example

Objective(s): Game theory describes the interactions between two players and the pay-off from winning, losing, or compromising. In the present study, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)–host interactions were used as an example for the application of game theory to describe and predict the different outcomes of Mtb-infection and introducing target molecules for use in protection or therapy. Materials and Methods: The gene expression for eight main markers (CCR1, CCR2, IDO, Tbet, TGFβ, iNOS, MMP3, MMP9) of host response and three Mtb virulence factors (Ag85B, CFP-10, ESAT-6) were assessed in broncho-alveolar lavage of TB+ and TB- patients. Results: The players’ strategies in the “Nash equilibrium”, showed that Ag85B is the main virulence factor for Mtb in active phase, and also the most immunogenic factor, if the host can respond by high expression of T-bet and iNOS toward a Th1 response. In this situation, Mtb can express high levels of ESAT-6 and CFP10 and change the game to the latency, in which host responses by medium expression of T-bet and iNOS and medium level of TGF-β and IDO. Consistently, the IDO expression was 134-times higher in TB+s than the TB-s,and the T-bet expression,~200-times higher in the TB-s than the TB+s. Furthermore, Mtb-Ag85B had a strong positive association with CCR2, T-bet and iNOS, but had a negative correlation with IDO. Conclusion: Ag85B and maybe ESAT6 (without its suppressive C-terminal) should be considered for making subunit vaccines. And, preventing IDO formation in dendritic cells might be a novel target for immunotherapy of tuberculosis, to reduce the pressure of immune-suppression on Th1 responses.
Reduction of Field-Winding-Induced Voltage in a Doubly Salient Brushless DC Generator With Stator-Damper Winding

The field-winding-induced voltage pulsation in the doubly salient brushless dc (DSBLDC) generator leads to the field current ripple and challenges the dc power supply for the field winding. In this article, a new DSBLDC generator with stator-damper winding is proposed to reduce the induced voltage in the dc field winding. The stator-damper winding configuration is illustrated. The winding self-inductance and coupling characteristics are investigated. The influence of the allocation and dimension of the damper winding on the induced voltage suppression as well as the power generation performance is comparatively analyzed. A prototype of the stator-damper winding DSBLDC generator is designed and developed. The experimental results show that the induced voltage of the field winding is reduced by more than 90%, while the output power is nearly close to that of the conventional DSBLDC generator.
The Indirect Effects of Anger on Relational Aggression through Anger Rumination

ABSTRACT The current study investigated the indirect effects of anger on the four forms and functions of relational aggression (i.e., proactive indirect, proactive direct, reactive indirect, reactive direct) through anger rumination in a sample of 1020 Greek adolescents (504 boys). Males used more proactive direct and indirect relational aggression, whereas girls used more anger rumination. Structural equation modeling revealed that anger rumination mediated the link between anger and all forms and functions of relational aggression. Results highlight the importance of studying the impact of cognitive and emotional manifestations on youths’ relational behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Beamforming Design Based on Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization for RIS-Assisted Over-the-Air Computation Systems

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) has been recognized as a promising technique of enabling the fusion center (FC) to aggregate the data gleaned from massive distributed wireless devices (WDs). Nevertheless, the computational performance of AirComp is significantly affected by the potentially poor channel conditions between the WDs and FC due to physical obstacles. For mitigating this limitation, we employ reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) for enhancing the reception quality and, thus, improve the computational performance of AirComp. Moreover, the previous studies of RIS-assisted AirComp tend to rely on the real-time channel state information (CSI), leading to excessive overhead since the number of RIS elements is large. To mitigate the above issue, a mixed-timescale penalty-dual-decomposition (MTPDD) algorithm is proposed, in which the transmit power of each WD, the receive beamforming vector at the FC, and the passive beamforming matrix of the RIS are jointly optimized. We aim to minimize the average computation mean-squared error (MSE) over time with reduced signaling overhead. Specifically, at each time slot, we optimize the short-term transmit power and receive the beamforming vector based on the real-time low-dimensional CSI vectors. In contrast, in each frame, we update the long-term passive RIS beamforming matrix based on the channel statistics. Besides, we analyzed both the convergence and the computational complexity of the proposed algorithms. Simulation results verify the benefits of our proposed MTPDD beamforming algorithm. It is also shown that the performance of the MTPDD algorithm approaches that achieved by the scheme using real-time perfect CSI with reduced signal overhead.
Changes in Use of Communication Channels by Livestock Farmers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The study aims to identify any changes in the communication channels used by Slovenian livestock farmers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the main (dis)advantages of relying on them. An online survey was completed by 502 Slovenian farmers of various farm enterprises in winter 2020/2021. Most respondents generally used telephone, e-mail, and the internet to obtain agricultural information before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, farmers increasingly relied on online conferences and social networking sites. At the same time, younger farmers and farmers with a higher education level used digital channels the most frequently, with men doing so more often than women. Digital channels were primarily used by cattle and horse farmers, while cattle farmers showed the greatest online conference participation. Respondents reported having more time to spend with their families and animals as an advantage and the lack of face-to-face interaction with other farmers and advisers as a disadvantage of such communication patterns. As the study reveals differences in the use of communication channels during the COVID-19 pandemic by various farmers, a new communication strategy is needed that involves the use of appropriate communication channels to provide farmers with agricultural information both during the COVID-19 situation and later.
Optogenetik ve Beslenme

Optogenetik, beyindeki belirli noron gruplarini acmak veya kapatmak icin isigi kullanan biyolojik bir tekniktir. Optogenetigin avantaji, hucre ozgullugunun olmasidir. Bu sekilde belirli noron gruplari hedeflenebilir ve tum fonksiyonlari incelenebilir. Optogenetikte isik bir noronun fonksiyonunu olusturan elektirik potansiyellerine donusturulerek, opsin adi verilen proteinlere sahip spesifik noronlara yuklenir. Beynin belirlenen bolgesine isik tutuldugu zaman, sadece opsin yuklu noronlari aktive olur ve bu sekilde istenen potansiyel olusturulur. Optogenetigin ilk calismalari, beyne optik fiberler araciligiyla isik gonderilmesi, bu sekilde deneklerin fiziksel olarak bir kontrol istasyonuna bagli olmasi seklindedir. Sonraki zamanlarda arastirmacilar, kablosuz elektronigi kullanarak pilsiz bir teknikle deneklerin serbestce hareket edebilmesini saglamis. Ancak bu cihazlar buyuk hacimli ve siklikla kafatasinin disina gorunur bir sekilde tutturulmalari, isigin frekansinin veya yogunlugunun hassas bir sekilde kontrol edilmesine izin vermeyisleri ve bir seferde beynin sadece bir bolgesini uyarabilmeleri nedeniyle kullanilmalari zor olmustur. Isigin beynin hangi alanini sececegi, isigin yogunlugunun kontrolu, isik kaynaklari tarafindan uretilen isi ile harekete gecen noronlarin yanlislikla aktiflestirilmesinin onlenmesi calismalar acisindan onem arz etmektedir. Optogenetik yontemlerin gelisimi bircok hastaligin tani ve tedavi yontemlerinin fotonlarla saglanabilmesini kolaylastiracaktir. Optogenetik yontemle beslenme ile ilgili beyin bolgelerinde yapilan calismalar beslenme bozukluklarinin (hiperfaji, anoreksi vb.) tedavisi aci sindan da oldukca onemlidir.
Bayesian Rule Modeling for Interpretable Mortality Classification of COVID-19 Patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been termed a "Pandemic Disease" that has infected many people and caused many deaths on a nearly unprecedented level. As more people are infected each day, it continues to pose a serious threat to humanity worldwide. As a result, healthcare systems around the world are facing a shortage of medical space such as wards and sickbeds. In most cases, healthy people experience tolerable symptoms if they are infected. However, in other cases, patients may suffer severe symptoms and require treatment in an intensive care unit. Thus, hospitals should select patients who have a high risk of death and treat them first. To solve this problem, a number of models have been developed for mortality prediction. However, they lack interpretability and generalization. To prepare a model that addresses these issues, we proposed a COVID-19 mortality prediction model that could provide new insights. We identified blood factors that could affect the prediction of COVID-19 mortality. In particular, we focused on dependency reduction using partial correlation and mutual information. Next, we used the Class-Attribute Interdependency Maximization (CAIM) algorithm to bin continuous values. Then, we used Jensen Shannon Divergence (JSD) and Bayesian posterior probability to create less redundant and more accurate rules. We provided a ruleset with its own posterior probability as a result. The extracted rules are in the form of "if antecedent then results posterior probability(e )". If the sample matches the extracted rules, then the result is positive. The average AUC Score was 96.77% for the validation dataset and the Fl-score was 92.8% for the test data. Compared to the results of previous studies, it shows good performance in terms of classification performance, generalization, and interpretability.
Recommendations for Combining Action Observation and Motor Imagery Interventions in Sport

Abstract Combined action observation and motor imagery (AOMI) interventions involve observing a movement demonstration, usually via video, whilst at the same time imagining the feelings and sensations involved in executing the observed action. Research findings indicate that AOMI interventions can be effective for improving sport performance, yet no guidelines currently exist within the literature to inform applied sport psychologists how to develop and implement AOMI interventions with athletes. The aim of this article is to address this gap in the applied sport psychology literature. Accordingly, the article provides an overview of the ‘Science of AOMI’ by discussing the neurophysiological, cognitive, psychological and performance effects of AOMI interventions to introduce the concept of AOMI and potential benefits of AOMI interventions in sport. The article then covers the ‘Practice of AOMI’ by discussing practical recommendations for applied sport psychologists on how to develop and implement AOMI interventions for performance enhancement purposes. Important considerations related to filming the action observation video are discussed, such as selection of the model and choice of visual perspective. Guidelines are then provided for developing and delivering personalized kinesthetic imagery instructions for use by the athlete in synchrony with action observation.
Understanding how participating behaviours influenced by individual motives affect continued generating behaviours in product-experience-shared communities

ABSTRACT The characteristics of multiple brands involved and users’ original content, facilitate a brand-new online platform’s emergence, that is, a product-experience-shared community (PESC), being distinguished from the brand community that has been extensively studied. While popular nowadays, PESC still involves limited research. Mainly, why users volunteer to write a flow of content remains unclear. Our purpose is to analyse the effects of different motivational factors on different participation behaviours, which further influence continued generating intention in the PESC context. Employing the theory of Uses and Gratification (U&G) on a sample of 729 users and using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the study deeply identified the participation behaviour into three levels, i.e. content consuming, reacting, and generating, as well as investigated their relations with motives (utilitarian, recreational, cultural and social motives) and continued generating behaviour. The results show that different participation behaviours are relevant to utilitarian, recreational, cultural, and/or social motives. Furthermore, users continued generating intention is affected by their complete satisfaction with their participation experience. This paper also gives theoretical and practical implications.
Quantification of HSP70 Gene Expression and Determination of Capacitation Status of Magnetically Separated Cryopreserved Bovine Spermatozoa at Different Thawing Temperature and Time

The role of heat shock protein in reproduction is widely known as a molecular chaperone in aiding and repairing protein formation when stress occurred. The present objectives were to evaluate the effect of different thawing temperature and time on the expression of HSP70 gene expression and the capacitation status in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Briefly, fresh ejaculates were obtained from three different adult bulls. The semen then underwent a sperm washing technique known as Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting System (MACS) and later on, cryopreserved. The sperm- containing straws were then thawed at five different thawing temperatures and time post-cryostorage; 20°C for 13 s, 37°C for 30 s, 40°C for 7 s, 60°C for 6 s and 80°C for 5 s. The RNA was extracted from each of the sperm’s pellets and converted to cDNA prior to the qPCR process. Capacitation status was then determined by means of CTC assay. The results showed that after the process of amplification, there is a significant different of HSP70 gene expression in MACS process samples when the thawing process was performed at 37°C for 30 s, with p<0.05. Furthermore, the CTC assay also showed that thawing at the same temperature gave less capacitated spermatozoa with p<0.05. As a conclusion, MACS yield spermatozoa with a better expression of HSP70 gene and less capacitated spermatozoa when thawing was done at 37°C for 30 s.
Autism diagnosis via correlation between vectors of direct quadrature instantaneous frequency of EEG analytic normalized intrinsic mode functions

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that commences usually in the early years of age. It impacts the social interaction, communication and learning. It is believed that it is mainly caused by an abnormal connectivity between brain zones. The presented work applies an EEG‐based nonlinear method for the classification of ASD and neuro‐typical groups. The suggested procedure does not require pre‐assumptions and is completely data‐driven. Also, the main advantage is the accurate tracking of the pace of EEG activity without the effect of amplitude modulation on the spectral information. In addition, the tracking is conducted point‐by‐point to avoid shortcomings of inexact global features. First, for every (ASD or neuro‐typical) volunteer, the recorded EEG channels (64 channels) are decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in order to get the underlying components (intrinsic mode functions—IMFs). Second, the direct quadrature (DQ) method is used to normalize the IMFs, and to dissociate between amplitude and frequency contents of the resulted components, as well as to help extract then the point‐by‐point spectral information from the analytic normalized IMFs by Hilbert transform. Third, the correlation coefficients between the instantaneous frequency vectors of the counterpart components will be computed over all channels (i.e., between components number ‘i’ of channels ‘x’ and ‘y’, 1 < i < number of components, 1 < x < 64, 1 < y < 64). Fourth, correlation coefficients array is constructed. Fifth, the dimension of the feature array is reduced without loss of significant information. Sixth, classification of reduced features is achieved via neural network. Finally, the statistical assessment of the classification outcome is conducted. The proposed method yields a test accuracy of 94.1%–100%.
The Icon Last Supper of the Iconostasis of the Russian Memorial Church in Leipzig: Technological Investigation as Basis for the Modelling and the Numerical Simulation of Historical Works of Art

ABSTRACT In this work, the results of a detailed art technological investigation of the icon Last Supper from the Russian Memorial Church in Leipzig (Germany) are presented. The icons of the iconostasis of the church were made in the workshop of N.S. Emelyanov in Moscow in 1912. The investigation showed that the painter in principle technologically adhered to the traditional way of making icons. The panel is made of boards of lime wood with two crossbars on the reverse. The paint was applied to a chalk ground over a textile layer. The traditional iconographer’s palette was expanded by a few contemporary pigments. The binding agent is classic egg tempera. Originally, the layers of paint had an oil varnish (olifa). The main aim of the project VirtEx, introduced in this paper, is to expand existing methods with numerical material and structural models to be able to predict quantitatively the behaviour of wooden artefacts under loads due to climate changes as well as mechanical loads. The detailed art technological investigation provides the required data for the computer models. The numerical data can then be validated with technologically exact copies and replicas. In the introduction to the article, the current state of research on icon painting techniques is also outlined.