Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EmCat-Eng: A catalogue of 1,759 basic emotion terms in English

Abstract This study investigates the lexicalization patterns of six basic constructs of emotion in English: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise. These words, along with all their synonyms in noun, verb, and adjective forms were recorded and supplied with corpus frequency data. The resulting catalogue of basic emotion terms in English was analyzed. The categories of words denoting different emotions were quantified in order to determine their relative cultural significance. Word frequency patterns were analyzed in order to determine any manifestations of display rules. The results indicate that in English all emotions are preferentially lexicalized as adjectives. Negative emotions are preferentially expressed as verbs, and positive emotions – as nouns. English boasts more words for negative than positive emotions, confirming the presence of the negative differentiation effect. At the same time, the less numerous words for positive emotions were found to be more frequently used, confirming the Pollyanna effect. The study revealed the central role of fear in the English-speaking world. Uniquely, fear was found to conceptually and semantically overlap with all other basic emotions regardless of their valence; the mean frequency of all the words denoting fear made it the second most frequent overtly, verbally communicated emotion in English – after joy.
Sonographic Evaluation of Endothelial Function in Brachial Arteries of Adult Stroke Patients

Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation on sonography is used to evaluate endothelial dysfunction, which is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis and predates structural atherosclerotic lesions by many years. Atherosclerosis has been implicated in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to determine the association between brachial flow‐mediated dilatation, the presence of cardiovascular risk factors, and acute stroke.
THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B

: The hydrated electron  the species that results from the addition of a single excess electron to liquid water  has been the focus of much interest both because of its role in radiation chemistry and other chemical reactions, and because it provides for a deceptively simple system that can serve as a means to confront the predictions of quantum molecular dynamics simulations with experiment. Despite all this interest, there is still considerable debate over the molecular structure of the hydrated electron: does it occupy a cavity, have a signi ﬁ cant number of interior water molecules, or have a structure somewhere in between? The reason for all this debate is that di ﬀ erent computer simulations have produced each of these di ﬀ erent structures, yet the predicted properties for these di ﬀ erent structures are still in reasonable agreement with experiment. In this Feature Article, we explore the reasons underlying why di ﬀ erent structures are produced when di ﬀ erent pseudopotentials are used in quantum simulations of the hydrated electron. We also show that essentially all the di ﬀ erent models for the hydrated electron, including those from fully ab initio calculations, have relatively little direct overlap of the electron ’ s wave function with the nearby water molecules. Thus, a non-cavity hydrated electron is better thought of as an “ inverse plum pudding ” model, with interior waters that locally expel the surrounding electron ’ s charge density. Finally, we also explore the agreement between di ﬀ erent hydrated electron models and certain key experiments, such as resonance Raman spectroscopy and the temperature dependence and degree of homogeneous broadening of the optical absorption spectrum, in order to distinguish between the di ﬀ erent simulated structures. Taken together, we conclude that the hydrated electron likely has a signi ﬁ cant number of interior
A cis-regulatory sequence of the wing selector gene, vestigial, drives the evolution of scaling relationships in Drosophila species

Scaling between specific organs and overall body size has long fascinated biologists because they are a primary mechanism through which organismal shapes evolve. Yet, the genetic mechanisms that underlie the evolution of allometries remain elusive. Here we measured wings and tibia lengths in four Drosophila species (D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. ananassae, and D. virilis) and show that the first three of them follow a single evolutionary allometry. However, D. virilis exhibits a divergent wing-to-tibia allometry due to a dramatic underscaling of their wings with respect to their bodies compared to the other species. We asked whether the evolution of this scaling relationship could be explained by changes in a specific cis-regulatory regulatory region of the wing selector gene, vestigial (vg), whose function is broadly conserved in insects and its expression pattern determines wing size in D. melanogaster. To test this hypothesis directly, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to replace the DNA sequence of the predicted Quadrant Enhancer (vgQE) from D. virilis for the corresponding vgQE sequence in the genome of D. melanogaster. Strikingly, we discovered that D. melanogaster flies carrying the D. virilis vgQE sequence have wings that are much smaller with respect to controls, partially rescuing the wing-to-tibia ratio observed in D. virilis. Our results show that this cis-regulatory element in D. virilis contributes to the underscaling of wings in this species. This provides evidence that scaling relationships may be unconstrained and may evolve gradually through genetic variations in cis-regulatory elements. Summary statement Using CRISPR/Cas9 replacement of a cis-regulatory element, this study suggests that changes within the vestigial Quadrant Enhancer sequence are responsible for the evolution of wing allometries in Drosophila species.
Postsynaptic burst reactivation of hippocampal neurons enables associative plasticity of temporally discontiguous inputs

A fundamental unresolved problem in neuroscience is how the brain associates in memory events that are separated in time. Here we propose that reactivation-induced synaptic plasticity can solve this problem. Previously, we reported that the reinforcement signal dopamine converts hippocampal spike timing-dependent depression into potentiation during continued synaptic activity (Brzosko et al., 2015). Here, we report that postsynaptic bursts in the presence of dopamine produces input-specific LTP in hippocampal synapses 10 minutes after they were primed with coincident pre- and postsynaptic activity. The priming activity sets an NMDAR-dependent silent eligibility trace which, through the cAMP-PKA cascade, is rapidly converted into protein synthesis-dependent synaptic potentiation, mediated by a signaling pathway distinct from that of conventional LTP. Incorporated into a computational model, this synaptic learning rule adds specificity to reinforcement learning by controlling memory allocation and enabling both ‘instructive’ and ‘supervised’ reinforcement learning. We predicted that this mechanism would make reactivated neurons activate more strongly and carry more spatial information than non-reactivated cells, which was confirmed in freely moving mice performing a reward-based navigation task.
CIGB-300 Peptide Targets the CK2 Phospho-Acceptor Domain on Human Papillomavirus E7 and Disrupts the Retinoblastoma (RB) Complex in Cervical Cancer Cells

CIGB-300 is a clinical-grade anti- Protein Kinase CK2 peptide, binding both its substrate’s phospho-acceptor site and the CK2α catalytic subunit. The cyclic p15 inhibitory domain of CIGB-300 was initially selected in a phage display library screen for its ability to bind the CK2 phospho-acceptor domain of HPV-16 E7. However, the actual role of this targeting in CIGB-300’s antitumoral mechanism remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the physical interaction of CIGB-300 with HPV-E7 and its impact on CK2-mediated phosphorylation. Hence, we studied the relevance of targeting E7 phosphorylation for the cytotoxic effect induced by CIGB-300. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments followed by western blot were performed to study the impact of the peptide on the E7-pRB interaction. Interestingly, we found a clear binding of CIGB-300 to the N terminal region of E7 proteins from HPV-16 type. Accordingly, the in vivo physical interaction of the peptide with HPV-16 E7 reduces the CK2-mediated phosphorylation of E7, as well as its binding to the tumour suppressor pRB. However, the targeting of E7 phosphorylation by CIGB-300 seemed to be dispensable for the induction of cell death in HPV-18 cervical cancer-derived C4-1 cells. These findings unveil novel molecular clues to the means by which the CIGB-300 triggers cell death in cervical cancer cells.
Shared representations between seeing and feeling touch in people with 1 high tactile empathy 2

19 Simulation theories propose that tactile empathy arises when seeing someone else being touched 20 triggers corresponding representations of being touched. Prior electroencephalography (EEG) findings 21 show that feeling touch while simultaneously seeing touch (versus seeing a no-touch stimulus) 22 modulates early somatosensory responses. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies 23 have shown that seeing touch increases somatosensory cortical activation. These findings have been 24 taken to suggest that when we see someone being touched, we simulate that touch in our sensory 25 systems. The overlap between somatosensory activation when seeing and feeling touch differs between 26 individuals, potentially underpinning variation in tactile empathy. Increases in amplitude (EEG) or 27 cerebral blood flow response (fMRI), however, are limited in that they cannot test for the information 28 contained in the neural signal: seeing touch may not activate the same information as feeling touch. 29 Here, we use time-resolved multivariate pattern analysis on whole-brain EEG data from people with 30 high and low tactile empathy to test whether seen touch evokes similar representations to the first-hand 31 experience of touch. Participants felt touch to the fingers ( tactile trials) or watched carefully matched 32 videos of touch to another person’s fingers ( visual trials). In both groups, EEG was sufficiently 33 sensitive to allow decoding of touch location (little finger vs. thumb) on tactile trials. Only in 34 individuals who reported feeling touch when watching videos of touch (high tactile empathy) could a 35 classifier trained on tactile trials distinguish touch location on visual trials. This demonstrates that, for 36 these people, there is similarity between the neural pattern when seeing touch and feeling that same 37 touch. The timecourse of this overlap shows that seeing touch evokes similar representations to later 38 stages of tactile processing. Therefore, while simulation may underlie tactile empathy, our findings 39 suggest this involves abstract high-level processes rather than early low-level processes.
sRNA-controlled iron sparing response in Staphylococci

Staphylococcus aureus, a human opportunist pathogen, adjusts its metabolism to cope with iron deprivation within the host. We investigated the potential role of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) in dictating this process. A single sRNA, named here IsrR, emerged from a competition assay with tagged-mutant libraries as being required during iron starvation. IsrR is iron-repressed and predicted to target mRNAs expressing iron-containing enzymes. Among them, we demonstrated that IsrR down-regulates the translation of mRNAs of enzymes that catalyze anaerobic nitrate respiration. The IsrR sequence reveals three single-stranded C-rich regions (CRRs). Mutational and structural analysis indicated a differential contribution of these CRRs according to targets. We also report that IsrR is required for full lethality of S. aureus in a mouse septicemia model, underscoring its role as a major contributor to the iron-sparing response for bacterial survival during infection. IsrR is conserved among staphylococci, but it is not ortholog to the proteobacterial sRNA RyhB, nor to other characterized sRNAs down-regulating mRNAs of iron-containing enzymes. Remarkably, these distinct sRNAs regulate common targets, illustrating that RNA-based regulation provides optimal evolutionary solutions to improve bacterial fitness when iron is scarce.
Replicable multivariate BWAS with moderate sample sizes

Brain-Wide Association Studies (BWAS) have become a dominant method for linking mind and brain over the past 30 years. Univariate models test tens to hundreds of thousands of brain voxels individually, whereas multivariate models (‘multivariate BWAS’) integrate signals across brain regions into a predictive model. Numerous problems have been raised with univariate BWAS, including lack of power and reliability and an inability to account for pattern-level information embedded in distributed neural circuits1–3. Multivariate predictive models address many of these concerns, and offer substantial promise for delivering brain-based measures of behavioral and clinical states and traits2,3. In their recent paper4, Marek et al. evaluated the effects of sample size on univariate and multivariate BWAS in three large-scale neuroimaging dataset and came to the general conclusion that “BWAS reproducibility requires samples with thousands of individuals”. We applaud their comprehensive analysis, and we agree that (a) large samples are needed when conducting univariate BWAS of individual differences in trait measures, and (b) multivariate BWAS reveal substantially larger effects and are therefore more highly powered. However, we disagree with Marek et al.’s claims that multivariate BWAS provide “inflated in-sample associations” that often fail to replicate (i.e., are underpowered), and that multivariate BWAS consequently require thousands of participants when predicting trait-level individual differences. Here we substantiate that (i) with appropriate methodology, the reported in-sample effect size inflation in multivariate BWAS can be entirely eliminated, and (ii) in most cases, multivariate BWAS effects are replicable with substantially smaller sample sizes (Figure 1).
Verkko: telomere-to-telomere assembly of diploid chromosomes

The Telomere-to-Telomere consortium recently assembled the first truly complete sequence of a human genome. To resolve the most complex repeats, this project relied on manual integration of ultra-long Oxford Nanopore sequencing reads with a high-resolution assembly graph built from long, accurate PacBio HiFi reads. We have improved and automated this strategy in Verkko, an iterative, graph-based pipeline for assembling complete, diploid genomes. Verkko begins with a multiplex de Bruijn graph built from long, accurate reads and progressively simplifies this graph via the integration of ultra-long reads and haplotype-specific markers. The result is a phased, diploid assembly of both haplotypes, with many chromosomes automatically assembled from telomere to telomere. Running Verkko on the HG002 human genome resulted in 20 of 46 diploid chromosomes assembled without gaps at 99.9997% accuracy. The complete assembly of diploid genomes is a critical step towards the construction of comprehensive pangenome databases and chromosome-scale comparative genomics.
Tipping points in spatial ecosystems driven by correlated noise

Complex spatial systems can experience critical transitions or tippings on crossing a threshold value in their response to stochastic perturbations. Whilst previous studies have well-characterized the impact of white noise on tipping, the effect of correlated noise in spatial ecosystems remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the effect of both multiplicative and additive Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) correlated noise on the occurrence of critical transitions in spatial ecosystems. We find that decreasing the noise correlation aggravates the chance of critical transitions - opposite to what is observed previously in temporal systems in the presence of OU-noise with fixed lag-1 correlation. Our results hold good and are supported by the analysis of three well-studied spatial ecological models of varying nonlinearity. We also compute spatial early warning indicators (e.g., spatial variance, spatial skewness, and spatial correlation) to determine their reliability in anticipating tipping points with variations in noise correlation. The indicators of critical transitions exhibit mixed success in forewarning the occurrence of a tipping point, as indicated by the distribution of Kendall’s rank correlation.
Rational selection and Characterisation of bile acid (BA) metabolising species of infant origin

Bile acids (BAs), biological detergents for nutrient digestion, are important local and systemic signalling molecules to interact with a variety of cell receptors central to influence host responses. While BAs are synthesized in the liver, the range and diversity of bile acids available to interact with these receptors is dictated by the gut microbiota. Bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity is one such function, it is commonly represented and highly conserved across all major bacterial phyla in the gut. Studies relating to the importance of such modifications in early life are scarce. This study highlights BA metabolism diversity by functionally isolating BA metabolizing strains and by characterizing specific classes of BSH from the formula–fed transitioning gut. Isolates were identified to species levels, in silico and in vitro characterisation of their BSH genetic content, enzyme activity and substrate specificity. One of these isolates was identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, a species frequently applied as a probiotic whereas three of these four isolates were identified as Enterococcus avium. This particular species is not well characterized in the literature and to our knowledge this is the first report of BSH activity and assessment for probiotic potential within this class of microbes. This study indicates that microbial BA altering activity appears functionally reduced, in the formula fed infant gut.
Kiaa1024L/Minar2 is essential for hearing by regulating cholesterol distribution in hair bundles

Unbiased genetic screens implicated a number of uncharacterized genes in hearing loss, suggesting some biological processes required for auditory function remain unexplored. Loss of Kiaa1024L/Minar2, a previously understudied gene, caused deafness in mice, but how it functioned in hearing was unclear. Here we show that disruption of kiaa1024L/minar2 causes hearing loss in the zebrafish. Defects in mechanotransduction, longer and thinner hair bundles, and enlarged apical lysosomes in hair cells are observed in kiaa1024L/minar2 mutant. In cultured cells, Kiaa1024L/Minar2 is mainly localized to lysosomes and its overexpression recruits cholesterol and increases cholesterol labeling. Strikingly, an accessible pool of cholesterol is highly enriched in the hair bundle membrane, and loss of kiaa1024L/minar2 reduces cholesterol localization to the hair bundles. Decreasing cholesterol levels aggravates, while increasing cholesterol levels rescues hair cell defects in kiaa1024L/minar2 mutant. Therefore cholesterol plays an essential role in the hair bundles, and Kiaa1024L/Minar2 regulates cholesterol distribution and homeostasis to ensure normal hearing.
Pop-in: the inversion of pop-out for a feature dimension during visual search in area V4 of the monkey cortex

During visual search, it is important to reduce the interference of distracting objects in the scene. The neuronal responses elicited by the search target stimulus are typically enhanced. However, it is equally important to suppress the representations of distracting stimuli, especially if they are salient and capture attention. We trained monkeys to make an eye movement to a unique ‘pop-out’ shape stimulus among an array of distracting stimuli. One of these distractors had a salient color that varied across trials and differed from the color of the other stimuli, causing it to also pop-out. The monkeys were able to select the pop-out shape target with high accuracy and actively avoided the pop-out color distractor. This behavioral pattern was reflected in the activity of neurons in area V4. Responses to the shape targets were enhanced, while the activity evoked by the pop-out color distractor was only briefly enhanced, directly followed by a sustained period of pronounced suppression. These behavioral and neuronal results demonstrate a cortical selection mechanism that rapidly inverts a pop-out signal to ‘pop-in’ for an entire feature dimension thereby facilitating goal-directed visual search in the presence of salient distractors. Significance statement Goal-directed behaviors like visual search involve both the selection of behaviorally relevant targets and the suppression of task-irrelevant distractors. This is especially important if distractors are salient and capture attention. Here we demonstrate that non-human primates suppress a salient color distractor while searching for a target that is defined by shape, i.e. another feature dimension. The neuronal activity of V4 neurons revealed the temporal evolution of target selection and distractor suppression. The neuronal responses elicited by the pop-out target stimuli were enhanced whereas responses elicited by salient pop-out color distractors were suppressed, after an initial brief phase of response enhancement. Our results reveal a ‘pop-in’ mechanism by which the visual cortex inverts an attentional capture signal into suppression to facilitate visual search.
Mergers as an environmental ally

This paper considers ﬁrms’ incentives to merge under duopoly, where we allow for product diﬀerentiation, cost asymmetries, and pollution intensities (green and brown goods). We ﬁrst analyze mergers in the absence of environmental regulation, showing that mergers induce an output shift towards the lowest cost ﬁrm. When emission fees are introduced, however, ﬁrms also consider their relative pollution intensities, potentially reverting the above output shift. We show that ﬁrms have stronger incentives to merge when goods are more diﬀerentiated, costs are more symmetric, and products generate similar environmental damages. However, socially excessive mergers can arise when ﬁrms shift output to the more cost-eﬃcient ﬁrm after the merger, which may cause more pollution. In contrast, socially insuﬃcient mergers can arise if output shifts after the merger would have reduced pollution.
FEATURE SELECTION FOR GABOR FILTER BASED ON LEVEL MEASUREMENT USING NON - INTERACTING TANKS LEVEL IMAGES

Level measurement models using image-based classifiers (pixel-based datasets) are used for estimation purposes. Preprocessing is thought-provoking in proceeding out the image filter technique and classifying the level. The level scenario of a two non-interacting tank system plays a vital role in predicting the level. Level monitoring is done using the supervised learning method using instance-based filters (Gabor Filter) and selected base classifiers for level measurements. The main scope of this case study is to improve the level measurements from the two non-interacting tank scenarios using Artificial Intelligent algorithms. The suggested article includes the finest feature selection process to increase the accuracy performance attained by the designated classifiers like IBK Instance base classifier for different neighborhood values and Tree category algorithm like Random Forest. The performance accuracy in level prediction obtained is 81.356%, the weighted Average of Receiver operator characteristics of (ROC) 0.931 are obtained by Random Forest Tree Category Classifier.