Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Most-predictive design points for functional data predictors

We suggest a way of reducing the very high dimension of a functional predictor, X, to a low number of dimensions chosen so as to give the best predictive performance. Specifically, if X is observed on a fine grid of design points t 1 ,…, t r , we propose a method for choosing a small subset of these, say t i 1 ,…, t i k , to optimize the prediction of a response variable, Y. The values t i j are referred to as the most predictive design points, or covariates, for a given value of k, and are computed using information contained in a set of independent observations (X i , Y i ) of (X, Y). The algorithm is based on local linear regression, and calculations can be accelerated using linear regression to preselect the design points. Boosting can be employed to further improve the predictive performance. We illustrate the usefulness of our ideas through simulations and examples drawn from chemometrics, and we develop theoretical arguments showing that the methodology can be applied successfully in a range of settings. Copyright 2010, Oxford University Press.
Stable polarization gratings recorded in azo-dye-doped liquid crystals

We report on the design, fabrication, electro-optical performance, and stability of switchable polarization gratings formed in azo-dye-doped nematic liquid crystals. Stable gratings are demonstrated even after applying saturating electric fields (8V∕μm) and after heating to extreme temperatures (T=190°C). A simple phenomenological model is presented to show that the Freedericksz threshold voltage depends on surface and volume contributions. The observed thresholdless behavior indicates that the grating stability is consistent with a surface-stabilizing effect.
Extremely short relativistic-electron-bunch generation in the laser wakefield via novel bunch injection scheme

Recently a new electron-bunch injection scheme for the laser wakefield accelerator has been proposed [JETP Lett. 74, 371 (2001); Phys. Rev. E 65, 046504 (2002)]. In this scheme, a low energy electron bunch, sent in a plasma channel just before a high-intensity laser pulse, is trapped in the laser wakefield, considerably compressed and accelerated to an ultrarelativistic energy. In this paper we show the possibility of the generation of an extremely short (on the order of 1? m long or a few femtoseconds in duration) relativistic-electron-bunch by this mechanism. The initial electron bunch, which can be generated, for example, by a laser-driven photocathode rf gun, should have an energy of a few hundred keVs to a few MeVs, a duration in the picosecond range or less and a relatively low concentration. The trapping conditions and parameters of an accelerated bunch are investigated. The laser pulse dynamics as well as a possible experimental setup for the demonstration of the injection scheme are also considered.
Caustics, Catastrophes and Wave Fields

The modern view of caustics as the singularities of mappings performed by rays is set forth. The substantial progress which has recently been achieved in research on caustic fields can be credited to progress in the theory of the singularities of differentiable mappings (catastrophe theory). This theory has generated an exhaustive classification of the structurally stable caustics and of the corresponding standard diffraction integrals which describe the fields near caustics. The standard integrals can be used to construct both local and uniform asymptotic field representations in the presence of caustics. Asymptotic methods for describing the field have also been developed for penumbral caustics associated with edge catastrophes and for several other types of caustics which arise in wave problems in optics, acoustics, radio propagation, plasma physics, atomic physics, etc.
Experimental evidence for helical instability of screw dislocation lines in a smectic A phase

When submitted to a constant deformation, homeotropic samples of SmA relax towards equilibrium with two time constants, one of them (shorter) characteristic of the climb of edge dislocations of the grain boundary which in practice is always found in the middle plane of the sample, the other one (longer) characteristic of a sequence of helical instabilities of the screw dislocations which, although metastable, are always present in the sample. This instability occurs for an integral number of pitches of the helix in the thickness of the sample. Experiment matches with the theory developed in [9] for static deformations and extended here to the dynamical regime Un echantillon homeotrope de SmA soumis a une deformation constante relaxe vers l'equilibre avec deux constantes de temps, la premiere etant caracteristique de la montee des dislocations coin du joint de grain situe dans le milieu de l'echantillon et la seconde caracteristique d'une succession d'instabilites helicoidales des dislocations cis. Cette instabilite apparait pour un nombre entier de pas de l'helice dans l'epaisseur de l'echantillon. L'experience est en accord avec une theorie developpee precedemment dans le cas des deformations statiques et etendue ici au regime dynamique
Localization of an atom by homodyne measurement

We study a continuous homodyne measurement of the field transmitted from an optical cavity. In particular, we investigate the back-action of this measurement onto an atom whose centre-of-mass motion is entangled with the cavity field. Using the method of quantum trajectories we calculate analytically and numerically the time evolution of the entangled quantum state, and demonstrate the localization of the atom relative to the nodes of the cavity field. We compare the quantum trajectory formalism of the continuous homodyne measurement to a projection onto quadrature eigenstates of the field and show that in the long-time limit both descriptions are identical.
Some notes on matrix transforms of summability domains of Cesàro matrices

Abstract In this paper sufficient conditions for a matrix M = (mnk ) (mnk are Cesaro numbers As n‐k, s ∈ C if k ≤ n and mnk = 0 if k > n) to be a transform from the summability domain of the Cesaro method Cα into the summability domain of another Cesaro method Cβ , where α, β ∈ C\{-1, -2,…}, are found.
On Trellis Structures for Reed-Muller Codes

We study trellises of Reed? Muller codes from first principles. Our approach to local trellis behaviour seems to be new and yields amongst other things another proof of a result of Berger and Be'ery on the state complexity of Reed? Muller codes. We give a general form of a minimal-span generator matrix for the family of Reed? Muller codes with their standard bit-order. We apply this to determining the number of parallel subtrellises in any uniform sectionalisation of a Reed? Muller code and to designing trellises for Reed? Muller codes with more parallel subtrellises than the minimal trellis, but with the same state complexity.
The Coefficient of Party Influence

In a 2000 article in American Journal of Political Science, James Snyder and Tim Groseclose develop and apply an innovative method for detecting and estimating the frequency and magnitude of party influence in congressional roll call voting. This paper presents a framework for assessing the coefficient that the authors interpret as “party influence. ” The analysis reveals that, and shows why, the coefficient manifests two troublesome characteristics. The coefficient cannot discriminate between disparate types of party influence because the mapping between types of partison influence and signs of the coefficient is not one-to-one. Similarly, the coefficient has a responsiveness problem because a marginal increase in one party's influence can cause the estimate of the coefficient to increase, decrease, or remain constant. Because the literature on parties in Congress emphasizes majority-party strength, the inability of the coefficient to isolate party-specific effects is a serious drawback in the ongoing hunt for genuine party discipline.
Energy factor of dislocations in hexagonal crystals

On of the basis of the general treatment made by Teutonico the analytic dependence of the energy factor K of straight dislocations on the angle Φ between the direction of a dislocation and the Burgers vector for the following slip systems in hexagonal crystals are obtained: a) (0001) 〈1210〉; b) {1010} 〈1210〉; c) {1010} 〈0001〉; d) {1011} 〈1210〉; e) {1011} 〈1123〉; f) {2112} 〈2113〉. The stability of straight dislocations in Zn, Be, Zr (at 300 K), and SiO2 (at 873 K) for such slip systems is investigated by means of plotting the polar diagram K−1 (Φ). The possibility of polygonal (zig-zag shape) dislocation formation is shown for Zn and Zr in the slip systems b), d), e), for Be in the slip system b) and for SiO2 in the slip systems b) and d). [Russian Text Ignored]
Fluxo de potência trifásico probabilístico para redes de distribuição usando o método de estimação por pontos

In this paper the point estimation method is applied to solve the probabilistic power flow problem for unbalanced three-phase distribution systems. Through the implementation of this method the probability distribution functions of voltages (magnitude and angle) as well as the active and reactive power flows in the branches of the distribution system are determined. Two different approaches of the point estimation method are presented (2m and 2m+1 point schemes). In order to test the proposed methodology, the IEEE 34 and 123 bus test systems are used. The results obtained with both schemes are compared with the ones obtained by a Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).
Jetting behavior of polymer solutions in drop-on-demand inkjet printing

The jetting of dilute polymer solutions in drop-on-demand printing is investigated. A quantitative model is presented which predicts three different regimes of behavior depending upon the jet Weissenberg number Wi and extensibility of the polymer molecules. In regime I (Wi L), the chains remain fully extended in the thinning ligament. The maximum polymer concentration at which a jet of a certain speed can be formed scales with molecular weight to the power of (1-3ν), (1-6ν), and −2ν in the three regimes, respectively, where ν is the solvent quality coefficient. Experimental data obtained with solutions of monodisperse polystyrene in diethyl phthalate with molecular weights between 24 and 488 kDa, previous numerical simulations of this system, and p.
Large Least Squares Problems Involving Kronecker Products

The general problem considered here is the least squares solution of $(A \otimes B)x = t$, where $A$ and $B$ are full rank, rectangular matrices, and $A \otimes B$ is the Kronecker product of $A$ and $B$. Equations of this form arise in areas such as digital image and signal processing, photogrammetry, finite elements, and multidimensional approximation. An efficient method of solution is based on QR factorizations of the original matrices $A$ and $B$. It is demonstrated how these factorizations can be used to obtain the Cholesky factorization of the least squares coefficient matrix without explicitly forming the normal equations. A similar approach based on singular value decomposition (SVD) factorizations also is indicated for the rank-deficient case.
ANÁLISE DE DIFERENTES ESTIMADORES DE ERRO A POSTERIORI APLICADOS A PROBLEMAS BIDIMENSIONAIS UTILIZANDO REFINO H-ADAPTATIVO

The development of efficient methods for the generation of adaptive meshes for finite element analysis has been the focus of intensive research in recent decades. A reliable estimate of the approximation error of this numerical method is needed to guide properly an adaptive process. This work discusses the analysis of approximation errors, estimates and adaptivity of the mesh when applying the Finite Element Method (FEM) for two-dimensional problems using linear triangular element CST (Constant Strain Triangle). The a posteriori error estimation is based on the recovery of higher order derivatives and on the energy norm. The following estimators are used: estimator based on Nodal Simple Average(MNS), Zienkiewicz and Zhu (ZZ) estimator and Superconvergent Patch Recovery (SPR) estimator. In all the discussed problems it is employed as a measure of the quality of the estimators the concept of indexes of effectiveness. From calculating the error in each element, it is used an h-adaptive process to generate appropriate meshes to the problem in study, which aim an approximately uniform error, not exceeding the admissible error. It is discussed the theory inherent to the estimation error and the basic principles of the adopted h-adaptive process. Through numerical examples, it is performed a comparative analysis between different estimators and their efficiency in the context of an h-adaptive process.
Indentation deformation mechanism in glass: Densification versus shear flow

Although the characteristic time constant for viscous relaxation of glass is so large at room temperature that viscous flow would be hardly detectable, a permanent deformation can be easily achieved at ambient temperature by applying a sharp contact loading—a Vickers indenter for instance—for few seconds only. We provide direct evidence for densification and volume conservative shear flow by means of atomic force microscopy topological analysis of the indentation profile and volume on as-quenched and densified specimens (pressure up to 25 GPa). We show that both possible mechanisms contribute to different extents depending on the glass composition. A major finding is that densification predominates in glasses with relatively low atomic packing density but that shear flow relays on once densification is achieved.
Multiresolution shape analysis of small objects using partial differential equation (PDE) curvature and wavelet edges

Filtering a sequence of images for target detection is discussed using multiresolution wavelet techniques and nonlinear size limited band filters based on partial differential operators associated with curvature of image level sets. In the latter procedure, evolution of the image under the differential operator is analogous to morphological erosion using structure sets, while backwards time evolution corresponds to dilation. The composition of these operations is subtracted from the original image to give the size limited `tophat' operator. Application of this procedure is demonstrated using synthesized targets embedded in actual infrared camera data.
THE LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD BASED ON QUADTREE MESH

A lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) based on nonuniform quadtree mesh is proposed. For the two steps in LBM, the collision step is a local procedure and can be implemented in the same way for both uniform and nonuniform mesh grids, while the streaming step is equivalent to solving several linear advection equations. On quadtree mesh (and some other nonuniform meshes), it is usually trivial to construct a first order interpolation scheme for the streaming step. Then the back and forth error compensation and correction (BFECC) method is employed to improve the accuracy order, such that a second order scheme is obtained in streaming step. Several numerical test cases are carried out to prove the accuracy and efficiency of our method.
Helium and Carbon Abundances in Late-B and Early-A Supergiants

The abundances of carbon and helium were determined for representative late-B and early-A supergiants based on the Cl lines (9078, 9089, 9095, 9112) in the near-IR, Cll lines (4267, 6151), and the He I 6678 line, in an aim to investigate the nature of the envelope-mixing in these evolved stars based on the anomaly (if any) of these elements combined with that of N and O published before. It turned out that N tends to increase with a decrease in C, showing a tendency of conserving the sum of C+N nuclei, which suggests that the anomaly of C and N may be reasonably interpreted as being due to mixing of the CN-processed material. However, this increase/decrease in N/C, indicative of dredge-up of the H-burning product, is not accompanied by any He-enrichment. Even surprisingly, the observed tendency is just the opposite, i.e., [He/H] appears to decrease progressively in accordance with a lowering of [C/H]. Instead of regarding this apparent characteristics as being real, we tentatively speculate that some activity-related line-weakening mechanism (e.g., irradiance of X-rays) might act on the formation of He I lines, the extent of which is indirectly related to the efficiency of envelope mixing via stellar rotation.
Optimal control of non‐linear systems through hybrid cell‐mapping/artificial‐neural‐networks techniques

In this paper, a real-time optimal control technique for non-linear plants is proposed. The control system makes use of the cell-mapping (CM) techniques, widely used for the global analysis of highly non-linear systems. The CM framework is employed for designing approximate optimal controllers via a control variable discretization. Furthermore, CM-based designs can be improved by the use of supervised feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs), which have proved to be universal and efficient tools for function approximation, providing also very fast responses. The quantitative nature of the approximate CM solutions fits very well with ANNs characteristics. Here, we propose several control architectures which combine, in a different manner, supervised neural networks and CM control algorithms. On the one hand, different CM control laws computed for various target objectives can be employed for training a neural network, explicitly including the target information in the input vectors. This way, tracking problems, in addition to regulation ones, can be addressed in a fast and unified manner, obtaining smooth, averaged and global feedback control laws. On the other hand, adjoining CM and ANNs are also combined into a hybrid architecture to address problems where accuracy and real-time response are critical. Finally, some optimal control problems are solved with the proposed CM, neural and hybrid techniques, illustrating their good performance.
The Prediction of Lake Huron Lake-Effect Snowfall Systems

Abstract Data were collected during the 1971–72 snowfall season for the Lake Huron basin. The bulk aerodynamic approach, as formulated by Priestley, was utilized to estimate the daily average flux of heat and moisture over the lake. It was hypothesized that discriminant analysis could be employed to determine the threshold value (discriminant index) of the energy flux which is necessary for the occurrence of the lake-effect snowfall system. To determine the validity of this threshold value, the discriminant index was applied to a series of historical data. The results of this analysis indicated that the discriminant index could be utilized to forecast lake-effect snowfall days.
Osteoporosis vizualization by densities projection based on a kernel convolution method

Both reduction of the bone mass and a degradation of the microarchitecture of the bone tissue are indicators of the osteoporosis disease. This is why radiographies of the calcaneus are very often used in order to analyze and describe both the texture and the structure of the bone. Therefore, a great effort is devoted to texture analysis by sophisticated image processing tools. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting information from a multiresolution representation of the radiological images that facilitates the graphic detection of the osteoporosis. The main contribution of this work relies on the statistical processing of the wavelet-based extracted features that are employed to graphically discriminate between stwo kinds of Osteoporotic Patients (OP1: vertebral fracture, OP2: other fractures) and Control Patients (CP). Graphical discrimination is obtained by an estimation of patients classes' densities by a multivariate kernel density estimation method, the axes result from a linear discriminant analysis between OP1/CP and OP2/CP. Classification and statistical tests carried out on a set of radiographies with their own ground truth validate the ability of discrimination of the proposed features extracted from M-band wavelet transform
Feedback stabilization of neutral systems via the transformation technique

Within the class of delay systems, a neutral system may be distinguished by the possible presence of a neutral root chain—an infinite chain of eigenvalues in a vertical strip of the complex plane. Assuming that such a neutral root chain, if it exists, is stable, this work shows how our method of transformation can be extended to obtain feedback controllers for this class of neutral systems.
POLOCAM: a millimeter wavelength cryogenic polarimeter prototype for MUSIC-POL

As a proof-of-concept, we have constructed and tested a cryogenic polarimeter in the laboratory as a prototype for the MUSIC instrument (Multiwavelength Sub/millimeter Kinetic Inductance Camera). The POLOCAM instrument consists of a rotating cryogenic polarization modulator (sapphire half-waveplate) and polarization analyzer (lithographed copper polarizers deposited on a thin film) placed into the optical path at the Lyot stop (4K cold pupil stop) in a cryogenic dewar. We present an overview of the project, design and performance results of the POLOCAM instrument (including polarization efficiencies and instrumental polarization), as well as future application to the MUSIC-POL instrument.
Adaptive observers with arbitrary exponential rate of convergence for nonlinear systems

Concerns the same class of linearly parameterized single-output nonlinear systems that the authors previously identified in (1992) in terms of differential geometric conditions. When persistency of excitation conditions are satisfied, the adaptive observers presented in this note guarantee arbitrarily fast exponential convergence both of parameter and state estimates to actual parameters and states, while previous adaptive observers guarantee only exponential (not arbitrarily fast) convergence. This extends earlier results for linear systems. >
QUANTUM CHEMICAL PREDICTIONS OF THE PROPERTIES OF KNOWN AND POSTULATED NEUTRAL INTERSTELLAR MOLECULES

In order to make new predictions for chemical rate coefficients for ion-molecule reactions, quantum chemical calculations were performed for about 200 neutral molecules with up to 12 atoms that are known or postulated to be present in interstellar or circumstellar sources. After optimizing equilibrium structures, dipole moment and dipole polarizability components were computed using the finite field approach. Properties were computed at the RCCSD(T) level with basis sets as large as aug-cc-pVTZ, depending upon the size of the molecule. Comparisons are made to existing experimental data, which are quite limited in the case of dipole polarizabilities.
Compact Microstrip Tri-Section Bandpass Filters with Mixed Couplings

Two microstrip tri-section filters with mixed couplings are presented, respectively. The location of the additional transmission zero can be adjusted by changing the nature of direct couplings. Inter-digital coupling structure and defected ground structure (DGS) are adopted to miniaturize their geometries. Wide stopband is obtained in each of them because of the suppression of the first spurious passband. The measured S-parameters of the realized filters agree well with the simulated results, with their high performance demonstrated.