Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optical Bloch Oscillations in Temperature Tuned Waveguide Arrays

We report the observation of optical Bloch oscillations in waveguide arrays. The required linear variation of the propagation constant across the thermo-optic polymer array was obtained by applying a temperature gradient. Bloch oscillations manifesting themselves as transverse oscillations of the propagating light beam can be attributed to the existence of localized states (Wannier-Stark states) with equidistant eigenvalue spacing (Wannier-Stark ladder). The period and amplitude of the oscillations can be controlled by varying the temperature gradient.
Constitutive response of passivated copper films to thermal cycling

The thermomechanical behavior of passivated thin copper films is studied. Stresses in copper films of thickness ranging from 125 to 1000 nm, deposited on quartz or silicon substrates and passivated with silicon oxide, were measured using the curvature method. The thermal cycling spans a temperature range from −196 to 600 °C. The measured mechanical behavior was found to be rate insensitive within the heating/cooling rate range of 5–25 °C/min. It was observed that the passivated films do not exhibit a significant stress relaxation at elevated temperatures that is normally found in unpassivated films. Furthermore, a significant strain hardening during the course of thermal loading was noted. Simple continuum plasticity analyses show that the experimentally measured stress–temperature response can only be rationalized with a kinematic hardening model. Analytical procedures for extracting the constitutive properties of the films that were developed on the basis of such a model are presented. The initial yield.
Switched-Reluctance Motor Performance Analysis Based On An Improved Modeling Of Its Magnetic Characteristics

ABSTRACT A novel piecewise linear model of the magnetic characteristics of a switched-reluctance motor is formulated and the procedure to evaluate the model parameters is illustrated. On the basis of the model, the torque-position and average torque equations of the motor are calculated and expressed in a normalized form. A significant figure related to the motor performance is then introduced and discussed. The merit of the model over the existing ones in providing accurate results without complicating the analysis is pointed out.
Antiplatelet Resistance: A Review of Concepts, Mechanisms, and Implications for Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack

Acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and major disability worldwide. Approximately 50% of ischemic strokes are caused by atherothrombotic occlusion of the cerebral arteries, and antiplatelets are the mainstay of secondary stroke preventative treatment. Aspirin is beneficial if given early, and short‐term treatment using aspirin and clopidogrel is increasingly used for patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease, minor stroke, and or transient ischemic attack. However, up to 50% of patients continue to have recurrent stroke and major vascular events, which may be partly attributable to resistance to aspirin and or clopidogrel. Although the precise mechanisms are unknown, clinical and genetic factors associated with bioavailability and binding to target receptors are implicated. This narrative review begins with the concept of aspirin and clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, potential mechanisms including genetic polymorphisms, and an overview of platelet function measures and limitations. We conclude by highlighting practical issues in the management of patients with aspirin andclopidogrel resistance including the emerging interest in ticagrelor, prasugrel, and cilostazol as well as directions for future trials in transient ischemic attack and acute ischemic stroke.
A generalized proximal point algorithm for certain non-convex minimization problems

An algorithm is presented for minimizing a function which is the sum of a continuously differentiable function and a convex function. The class of such problems contains as a special case that of minimizing a continuously differentiable function over a closed convex set. This algorithm may be viewed as a generalization of the proximal point algorithm to cope with non-convexity of the objective function by linearizing the differentiable term at each iteration. Convergence of the algorithm is proved and the rate of convergence is analysed.
Numerical analysis of two homogeneous discharge modes at atmospheric pressure with a self-consistent model

Two homogeneous discharge modes, Townsend discharge and glow discharge, can be obtained in dielectric barrier discharges at atmospheric pressure when an external voltage with an appropriate frequency is applied to the electrodes. In this paper, a one-dimensional self-consistent model was used to investigate the transition and the difference in characteristics of these two modes. The simulation results showed that the spatiotemporal distributions of the electron temperature in the two discharge modes differed noticeably. In the glow discharge, the electron temperature in the cathode fall was several times higher than that in any of the other regions; in contrast, the electron temperature in the Townsend discharge was approximately spatially uniform. The electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs) at different locations in the discharge gap at the discharge current peaks were given and analyzed. In the glow discharge, the EEDF in the cathode fall region contained the largest percentage of high energy in .
HARMONISASI PENGUKURAN KINERJA BANK SYARIAH: MAQASID SHARIAH INDEX DAN RASIO KEUANGAN

This paper aims to analyze the performance of Islamic Rural Banks in West Sumatra Province. This paper uses the quantitative method. The population of this research was all Islamic Rural Banks in West Sumatra Province of seven banks. The paper uses The seven Islamic Rural Banks annual reports within 2018-2020 from website Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). The analysis uses the Integrated Maqashid al-Shariah based Performance Measure (IMSPM). The results showed that the performance of the Islamic Rural Banks in the Maqashid Syariah Index with the highest achievement on the object of faith (din) for a period of three years. The study found that there were no activities for the Islamic Rural Banks on the object of intellect ('aql) and on the object of posterity (nasl). The results of performance measurement with the IMSPM model can be a notification for Islamic Rural Banks in West Sumatra regarding more efforts to realize maqashid shariah in the Islamic banking industry.
Boundary conditions at a liquid/air interface in lubrication flows

A difficulty in applying the lubrication approximation to flows where a liquid/air interface forms lies in supplying boundary conditions at the point of formation of the interface that are consistent with the lubrication approximation. The method of matched asymptotic expansions is applied to the flow between partially submerged, counter-rotating rollers, a representative problem from this class, and the lubrication approximation is found to generate the first term of an outer expansion of the problem solution. The first term of an inner expansion describes the two-dimensional flow in the vicinity of the interface, and approximate results are found by the finite-element method. Matching between the inner and outer solutions determines boundary conditions on the pressure and the pressure gradient at the point of formation of the interface which allow the solution to the outer, lubrication flow to be completed.
Boundary conditions for the lattice Boltzmann method

When the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used for simulating continuum fluid flow, the discrete mass distribution must satisfy imposed constraints for density and momentum along the boundaries of the lattice. These constraints uniquely determine the three‐dimensional (3‐D) mass distribution for boundary nodes only when the number of external (inward‐pointing) lattice links does not exceed four. We propose supplementary rules for computing the boundary distribution where the number of external links does exceed four, which is the case for all except simple rectangular lattices. Results obtained with 3‐D body‐centered‐cubic lattices are presented for Poiseuille flow, porous‐plate Couette flow, pipe flow, and rectangular duct flow. The accuracy of the two‐dimensional (2‐D) Poiseuille and Couette flows persists even when the mean free path between collisions is large, but that of the 3‐D duct flow deteriorates markedly when the mean free path exceeds the lattice spacing. Accuracy in general decreases with K.
Numerical Predictions of the Flow and Thermal Performance of Water-Cooled Single-Layer and Double-Layer Wavy Microchannel Heat Sinks

Various microchannel heat sinks for dissipating heat loads have received great attention. Wavy channels are recognized to be suitable to enhance the heat transfer, and are successfully applied in heat-exchange devices. In this article, three kinds of water-cooled microchannel heat sinks, such as a rectangular straight microchannel heat sink, a single-layer wavy microchannel heat sink and a double-layer wavy microchannel heat sink, have been designed and the corresponding laminar flow and heat transfer have been investigated numerically. The effects of the wave amplitude on heat transfer, pressure drop, and thermal resistance are also observed. Results show that for removing an identical heat load, the overall thermal resistance of the single-layer wavy microchannel heat sink decreases with increasing volumetric flow rate, but the pressure drop is increased greatly. At the same flow rate, the double-layer wavy microchannel heat sinks can reduce not only the pressure drop but also the overall thermal resistance compared to the single-layer wavy microchannel heat sinks. In addition to the overall thermal resistance, other criteria for evaluation of the overall thermal performance, e.g., (Nu/Nu0 )/(f/f 0 ), and (Nu/Nu0 )/(f/f 0 ) 1/3 , are applied and some controversial results are obtained.
Electrodeposition of Thin Magnetic Films in the Ni–Fe–Cu System

A method for the electrodeposition of highly oriented thin magnetic film has been developed, with which it is possible to control, quite reproducibly, the composition of the film not only over large areas, but also throughout the film thickness. This is especially important in memory applications where magnetostriction must be carefully minimized to avoid skew effects and aging. 400‐ A films have been electrodeposited on substrates of evaporated copper or silver on glass, such that they yield a coercive force of 5 Oe, anisotropy field of 4 Oe, and a dispersion of 3 deg (α90). At 1000 A the dispersion is uniformly 1°. The properties and their thickness dependence are found to be very similar to those found in Ni–Fe evaporated films. A ternary alloy (68 Ni, 16 Fe, 16 Cu) is used to achieve control over the deposition process. The films are deposited from a highly buffered, dilute, nonagitated bath using a sequence of current pulses. 120 A is deposited per pulse.
Molecular beam epitaxy of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice heterostructures on nonplanar substrates

GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice heterostructures with layer thicknesses ≲100 A were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on nonplanar GaAs substrates. The resulting superlattices exhibit different periods, depending on the crystal plane on which they grow. Period variation of more than 50%, from 180 to 80 A, was obtained for adjacent superlattice sections. The transition between regions of different periodicity was mostly smooth and occurred within lateral dimensions ≲100 A. Our results suggest that molecular beam epitaxy of superlattice heterostructures on patterned substrates provides a method for obtaining controllable lateral variations in physical properties which depend on the superlattice period. In particular, by growing quantum well heterostructures on nonplanar substrates, it might be possible to utilize the strong dependence of the carrier confinement energy on the well thickness in order to achieve lateral carrier confinement.
Impedance spectroscopy of BaTiO3 cubes suspended in lossy liquids as a physical model of two-phase system

Impedance spectroscopy techniques were used for analysis of the physical model in a two-phase system toward determining of dielectric constant of dielectric particles suspended in liquids at various solids loading (volume fraction) levels. Model experimental studies were conducted using BaTiO3 as a dielectric material that was prepared as small cubes of uniform size (2×2×1 mm). Barium titanate (BT) cubes having a dielectric constant of 3850 were immersed in liquids of low dielectric constant and moderate electrical conductivity. Measured impedance spectra consisted of two semicircles, which were fitted for (R∥C)(R∥C) equivalent circuit. The parameters obtained from fitting were compared with the data acquired from simulations of brick layer models and Maxwell–Wagner effective media model. In the investigated range of volume fractions the Maxwell–Wagner model correlates well with the data extracted from measurements.
Diamond nucleation enhancement by direct low-energy ion-beam deposition

Direct ion beam deposition was successfully applied for the nucleation of nanodiamond crystallites on mirror-polished Si ~001! substrates. Low-energy ~80–200 eV! argon, hydrocarbon, and hydrogen ions from a Kaufman ion source were used. An amorphous carbon film was deposited on the substrate after ion bombardment. The films were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, secondary electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy. At ion doses above 1 310 cm, nanocrystalline diamond particles of 50–100 Å in diameter were formed in a matrix of amorphous carbon. These diamond nanocrystals served as nucleation centers for subsequent diamond growth by conventional hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The nucleation density depended strongly on the ion dosage, and a nucleation density of 3 310 cm could be achieved under optimized conditions. These results were found very helpful for the evaluation of the mechanism of ion-bombardment-induced nucleation of diamond.
A DFT study of structural, electronic and optical properties of Lead-free and Ge based cubic perovskite RbGeX‌3 (X= I, Br and Cl)

The current research uses density functional theory (DFT) approximations in conjunction with the plane wave-pseudopotential method to investigate structural, electronic, and optical properties of Pb-free cubic perovskite RbGeX 3 (X= I, Br and Cl) materials. More specifically, Norm-conserving pseudopotential has been employed to describe the ion and valence electrons interaction, and GGA-PBE flavor is used to represent the exchange-correlation part of the energy of the GGA approximation. Lattice parameters obtained are 5.95, 5.55, and 5.29 Å for RbGeX 3 (where X=I, Br, and Cl), respectively, and they are comparable with available empirical and other values. The direct band gap nature of the three compounds under research here is shown and our values of the band gap energy 𝐸 𝑔 are agree with the other available results. Materials under research show responses to electromagnetic radiation starting from the infrared region to very high energies ( ~ 33 eV). The RbGeI 3 has the lowest 𝐸 𝑔 value at the low region energies and the highest optical response peaks but RbGeCl 3 has the highest optical response peaks at energies located near ~ 20 eV. Our results show that these materials are good candidates for photo electronic applications including solar cells
Cermat Mengenali Tanda Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan Tipes di Desa Tumpang Krasak

Demam merupakan tanda khas yang sering terjadi pada penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) dan tipes. Bijak dalam mengenali tanda DBD dan tipes sangat diperlukan agar dalam menanganinya tidak menimbulkan kesalahan. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi berupa pelayanan kesehatan pada masyarakat agar dapat lebih cermat, benar dan tepat dalam mengenali tanda DBD dan tipes. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini dengan memberikan edukasi terkait cara membedakan terjadinya DBD dan tipes juga mensosialisasikan pola hidup bersih dan sehat serta diberikan praktek cara membuat minuman tradisional wedang jahe. Kegiatan dilakukan di Balai desa tumpang krasak kota kudus. Sampel kegiatan ini adalah warga desa tumpang krasak. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini warga tumpang krasak kota kudus menjadi lebih paham dan mengerti cara mengenali tanda DBD dan tipes, pola hidup bersih dan sehat dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi terjadinya DBD dan tipes dilingkungan warga tumpang krasak serta adanya praktek pembuatan minuman wedang jahe dijadikan warga sebagai salah satu cara dalam menjaga kesehatan tubuh.
Generalized Nonparametric Mixed Effects Models

Generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM) provide useful tools for correlated and/or over-dispersed non-Gaussian data. This article considers generalized nonparametric mixed effects models (GNMM), which relax the rigid linear assumption on the conditional predictor in a GLMM. We use smoothing splines to model fixed effects. The random effects are general and may also contain stochastic processes corresponding to smoothing splines. We show how to construct smoothing spline ANOVA (SS ANOVA) decompositions for the predictor function. Components in a SS ANOVA decomposition have nice interpretations as main effects and interactions. Experimental design considerations help determine which components are fixed or random. We estimate all parameters and spline functions using stochastic approximation with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). As iteration increases we increase the MCMC sample size and decrease the step-size of the parameter update. This approach guarantees convergence of the estimates to the expected fixed points. We evaluate our methods through a simulation study.
Primitivity rank of elements of free algebras of Schreier varieties

D. Puder defined the primitivity rank of elements of free groups [Primitive words, free factors and measure preservation, Israel J. Math.201(1) (2014) 25–73], we give a similar definition for free algebras of Schreier varieties and prove properties of a primitivity rank using the properties of the almost primitive elements.
Weak and singular solutions of the wave equation in curved spacetime

We construct a weak formulation of the wave equation in curved spacetime for solutions which are regularly discontinuous across a hypersurface. We adopt the framework of distributions and tensor-distributions, and allow the presence of discontinuity for the first and second derivatives of the spacetime metric. We thus find the corresponding compatibility conditions to hold at the interface, as replacement for the differential equation, which is undefined there. In particular, we find out that if discontinuity of the first derivatives of the metric is present, such compatibility conditions also involve the mean values of the field, and not only its jump across the discontinuity hypersurface. We also consider the case of singular solutions with support on a hypersurface, and derive the corresponding compatibility conditions. Applications to electromagnetism are presented.
Structural sensitivity of the secondary instability in the wake of a circular cylinder

The sensitivity of the three-dimensional secondary instability of a circular-cylinder wake to a structural perturbation of the associated linear equations is investigated. In particular, for a given flow condition, the region of maximum coupling between the velocity components is localized by using the most unstable Floquet mode and its adjoint mode. The variation of this region in time is also found by considering a structural perturbation which is impulsively applied in time at a given phase of the vortex-shedding process. The analysis is carried out for both mode A and mode B types of transition in the wake of a circular cylinder using a finite-difference code. The resulting regions identified as the core of the instability are in full agreement with the results reported in the literature and with the a posteriori checks documented here.
Prevalence of internet addiction and its impact on selected psychological parameters among UG nursing students

BACKGROUND: Currently, the use of the internet is one of the most important tools, which may lead to negative or positive impact on college or school students. The excessive use of electronic media may lead to change in the mood, an inability to resist internet usage, a diminishing social life, withdrawal symptoms while unengaged, affecting self-esteem, and adverse work or academic consequences. The main objective of this study is to explore Internet use and its impact on selected psychological parameters such as depression and insomnia among undergraduate (UG) nursing students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 385 college students selected by purposive sampling technique were included in the study. Young's Internet Addiction Test (YIAT20) for Internet addiction (IA) assessment, and Beck's depression inventory Scale to assess level of depression, and insomnia severity index (ISI) scale to measure insomnia were used. RESULTS: Among 385 participants, 175 and 210 were male and female, respectively. Demographic variables such as pursuing course, study year, use of Internet/day; and the purpose of Internet use such as social networking, games, entertainment, pornography, and news were significantly associated with IA. Depression and insomnia were found to be correlated with IA. CONCLUSION: Internet usage more than the normal limit has a profound effect on college or school students, in particular, depression and insomnia. At times, it ends up in problems in their social and family relationship.
Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide as electron transport layer in organic photodetectors

Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) is demonstrated as an electron transport layer (ETL) in a high-performance organic photodetector (OPD). Dark current in the range of 10 nA/cm2 at a bias voltage of −2 V and a high photoresponse in the visible spectrum were obtained in inverted OPDs with poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester active layer. The best results were obtained for the optimum a-IGZO thickness of 7.5 nm with specific detectivity of 3 × 1012 Jones at the wavelength of 550 nm. The performance of the best OPD devices using a-IGZO was shown to be comparable to state-of-the-art devices based on TiOx as ETL, with higher rectification achieved in reverse bias. Yield and reproducibility were also enhanced with a-IGZO, facilitating fabrication of large area OPDs. Furthermore, easier integration with IGZO-based readout backplanes can be envisioned, where the channel material can be used as photodiode buffer layer after additional treatment.