Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is there more valuable information in PWI datasets for a voxel-wise acute ischemic stroke tissue outcome prediction than what is represented by typical perfusion maps?

The acute ischemic stroke is a leading cause for death and disability in the industry nations. In case of a present acute ischemic stroke, the prediction of the future tissue outcome is of high interest for the clinicians as it can be used to support therapy decision making. Within this context, it has already been shown that the voxel-wise multi-parametric tissue outcome prediction leads to more promising results compared to single channel perfusion map thresholding. Most previously published multi-parametric predictions employ information from perfusion maps derived from perfusion-weighted MRI together with other image sequences such as diffusion-weighted MRI. However, it remains unclear if the typically calculated perfusion maps used for this purpose really include all valuable information from the PWI dataset for an optimal tissue outcome prediction. To investigate this problem in more detail, two different methods to predict tissue outcome using a k-nearest-neighbor approach were developed in this work and evaluated based on 18 datasets of acute stroke patients with known tissue outcome. The first method integrates apparent diffusion coefficient and perfusion parameter (Tmax, MTT, CBV, CBF) information for the voxel-wise prediction, while the second method employs also apparent diffusion coefficient information but the complete perfusion information in terms of the voxel-wise residue functions instead of the perfusion parameter maps for the voxel-wise prediction. Overall, the comparison of the results of the two prediction methods for the 18 patients using a leave-one-out cross validation revealed no considerable differences. Quantitatively, the parameter-based prediction of tissue outcome led to a mean Dice coefficient of 0.474, while the prediction using the residue functions led to a mean Dice coefficient of 0.461. Thus, it may be concluded from the results of this study that the perfusion parameter maps typically derived from PWI datasets include all valuable perfusion information required for a voxel-based tissue outcome prediction, while the complete analysis of the residue functions does not add further benefits for the voxel-wise tissue outcome prediction and is also computationally more expensive.
Characteristics of a non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution in a low-pressure argon plasma

The generality of the non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is demonstrated by using optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and Langmuir probe measurements in inductively- and capacitively-coupled low-pressure argon plasmas to analyze the shape factor of the EEDF. To measure the shape factor of the EEDF, we propose a corona — equilibrium (CE) — based analysis model operating at low density, which uses the line intensity ratio of the Ar I to the Ar II emission lines. The Ar I line is chosen to represent the relatively low-energy state, and the Ar II line is chosen to represent the high-energy state. Thus, an analysis of the shape factor is equivalent to monitoring the variation in the high-energy electron fraction represented in the tail of the EEDF. Results show a depleted tail for the Maxwellian distribution in most of the low-density argon plasmas. The analysis reveals that the generation and the stepwise ionization of metastable argon atoms by inelastic collisions with high-energy (∼ 10 eV) electrons are dominant processes of argon plasma generation and cause serious high-energy electron loss in a low-density system compared to the loss in an ideal Maxwellian plasma. The existence of argon metastable states is inevitable; thus, the general shape of the electron energy distribution in low-pressure argon plasmas is non-Maxwellian.
Mapping Spherical Potentials with Discrete Radial Velocities

We present a technique for inferring the gravitational potential Φ(r) of a hot stellar system from line-of-sight velocity data, without any assumptions about the relative distribution of dark and luminous components. We overcome the indeterminacy of mass estimates based on line-of-sight velocity dispersions by fitting the full distribution of radial velocities. The phase-space distribution function f(E, L 2 ) of the test sample is recovered as well. Unlike parametric mass estimation methods based on the virial theorem or the core-fitting formula, our technique does not require that the spatial distribution of the test sample bear any relation to that of the matter determining the potential; that is, the mass-to-light ratio may be an arbitrary function of radius
Wireless patient monitoring on shoe for the assessment of foot dysfunction: an overview

This paper presents an overview of the wireless monitoring and quantitative assessment of joint dynamics of ankle which has suffered from soft tissue injury, immobilization or any dysfunction with special focus on the treatment and rehabilitation applications. The inadequacy of a reliable and easy method for continuous measurement and recording of ankle movement while doing physical therapy makes the monitoring of its progress difficult. Development of a wireless ankle motion monitoring system inside the shoe provides information on several aspects of activities associated with a dysfunctional foot. The system is based on continuous wireless monitoring of signals from accelerometers and gyroscopes fixed inside the shoe. From these signals, the duration, rate, and moment of occurrence of activities associated with mobility (e.g., lying, sitting, standing, walking up and down, running, cycling, wheelchair use and general movement) and transitions (changes in angle) can be detected. Information about the movement can be obtained by the acceleration sensors, which is related to the intensity of body-segment movement. Apart from monitoring accelerations, other signals due to turning and angular movements can be obtained using the miniature gyroscope attached to the shoe.
Telegraph processes with random velocities

We study a one-dimensional telegraph process (M t ) t≥0 describing the position of a particle moving at constant speed between Poisson times at which new velocities are chosen randomly. The exact distribution of M t and its first two moments are derived. We characterize the level hitting times of M t in terms of integro-differential equations which can be solved in special cases.
Integrable mappings from matrix transformations and their singularity properties

Various examples of bi-rational transformations having their origin in the theory of exactly solvable vertex models in lattice statistical mechanics, as well as bi-rational transformations originating from spin edge models, are analysed using the singularity confinement method. This method provides results concerning the integrable (or not) character of these bi-rational transformations in complete agreement with the results obtained by visualization methods as well as methods based on the analysis of algebraic invariants.
Laser-induced resonance trapping in atoms

The coupling of two autoionizing states or of a discrete and an autoionizing state by a strong laser field is studied analytically as well as numerically. The motion of the complex energies is traced as a function of the field strength for different field frequencies and atomic parameters. Most interesting is the critical region where a crossing (or an avoided crossing) of the trajectories occurs. At this critical field intensity, level repulsion in the complex plane occurs. With further increasing intensity, the complex energies move differently. When the resonances are coupled mainly via one common continuum, resonance trapping dominates, i.e. a short- and a long-lived resonance state are formed (level repulsion along the imaginary axis). When, however, the direct coupling dominates, level repulsion along the real axis takes place. Population trapping (defined by a vanishing decay width of one of the states at finite intensity) results from the interplay of the direct coupling of the states and their coupling via the continuum. We also studied the corresponding variation of the cross section for ionization of a laser-driven atom by the probe field.
An alternative approach to linear and nonlinear stability calculations at finite Reynolds numbers

An extended version of the interactive boundary-layer approach which has been used widely in steady-flow calculations is applied here to the linear and nonlinear stability properties of channel flows and boundary layers in the moderate-to-large Reynolds-number regime. This is the regime of most practical concern. First, for linear stability the agreement found between the interactive approach and Orr-Sommerfeld results remains fairly close even at Reynolds numbers as low as about $\frac{1}{10}$ of the critical value for plane Poiseuille flow, or $\frac{1}{5}$ for Blasius flow. Secondly, nonlinear unsteady calculations and comparisons with full solutions obtained by enlarging the same method are also presented. Overall the work suggests that, at the finite Reynolds numbers where real interest lies, the dominant physical processes of instability in channel flow and boundary layers are of boundary-layer form, with interaction, and it suggests also an alternative numerical technique for determining those processes. This alternative technique uses the interactive boundary-layer method as the central means for obtaining full unsteady Navier-Stokes solutions.
Grating translation technique as a tool for monitoring phase shifts during holographic recording in azo-polymers

Grating translation technique, elaborated for photorefractive materials, can be used for determination of amplitude and phase grating contributions to light diffraction efficiency after holographic recording in photochromic polymer films. Here, we report application of this technique to in situ analysis of the formation of light inscribed diffraction gratings in azo-functionalized polymers. This technique allows for monitoring amplitudes and phase shifts between phase and amplitude gratings during holographic recording. For the investigation, we chose two azo-polymers with identical azo-substituents and characterized by qualitatively different temporal evolutions of grating build-up process during holographic recording with light s-s polarization geometry. The observed differences in grating recording kinetics for these polymers are explained by the difference in dynamics of build-up of amplitude and phase gratings including surface relief gratings and the spatial phase shifts between them and light inter.
Enhancement of inverted polymer solar cells with solution-processed ZnO-TiOX composite as cathode buffer layer

Solution-processed zinc oxide (ZnO) nanocrystal modified with titanium oxide (TiOX) precursor is introduced as cathode interfacial layer in inverted bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells. The resultant inverted polymer solar cell exhibits an open-circuit voltage of 0.87 V, a fill factor of 0.67, and an overall power conversion efficiency of 6.53%, respectively, higher than those of the control cells with sole ZnO or TiOX as the cathode interfacial layers. Further studies verify that the improved morphology and electronic structure of ZnO-TiOX composite layer favors reducing shunt loss and interfacial charge recombination and hence enhancing the photovoltaic performance.
Characterization of the thermal lens in 3 at.%Tm:KLu(WO4)2 and microchip laser operation

A comparative study of the thermal lensing effect is performed for monoclinic 3 at. %Tm:KLu(WO4)2 crystals cut along the three principal axes of the optical indicatrix, Np, Nm and Ng. Optical power, sensitivity factors and astigmatism of the thermal lens are determined. It is found that the thermal lens is differently signed for beam propagation along Np and Nm (for m- and p-polarizations, respectively). In contrast, beam propagation along Ng possesses a positive lens with nearly two-times reduced astigmatism (m-polarization). The results are utilized in the first realization of a continuous-wave quasi-microchip 3 at. %Tm:KLu(WO4)2 laser delivering 880 mW output power at 1.95 μm with a slope efficiency of 44%, and an M2 factor below 1.05.
An Improved Subgradiend Optimization Technique for Solving IPs with Lagrangean Relaxation

The objective of this paper is to improve the subgradient optimization method which is used to solve non-differentiable optimization problems in the Lagrangian dual problem. One of the main drawbacks of the subgradient method is the tuning process to determine the sequence of step-lengths to update successive iterates. In this paper, we propose a modified subgradient optimization method with various step size rules to compute a tuning- free subgradient step-length that is geometrically motivated and algebraically deduced. It is well known that the dual function is a concave function over its domain (regardless of the structure of the cost and constraints of the primal problem), but not necessarily differentiable. We solve the dual problem whenever it is easier to solve than the primal problem with no duality gap. However, even if there is a duality gap the solution of the dual problem provides a lower bound to the primal optimum that can be useful in combinatorial optimization. Numerical examples are illustrated to demonstrate the method. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/dujs.v61i2. 17059 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(2): 135-140, 2013 (July)
Comments on ‘‘Speech understanding and aging’’ [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 859–895 (1988)]

The hypothesis advanced by the CHABA Working Group on Speech Understanding and Aging [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 859–895 (1986)] that the systematic decline in speech understanding with age might be explained by concommitant decline in extra‐auditory cognitive factors was tested by examining speech audiometric findings in patients with dementia. The fact that performance was consistent with normal central auditory function in 12 of 23 such patients, in spite of deficits in immediate memory for spoken material, tolerance of distraction, mental tracking and sequencing, cognitive flexibility, and set shifting argues against the hypothesis that speech understanding deficits in the elderly can be explained as the simple consequence of cognitive decline.
On Subalgebras of the Car-Algebra

Abstract Every nuclear unital separable C *-algebra A is unitally and completely isometrically ismorphic to the range of a unital completely positive projection on the CAR-algbra B = M 2 ⊗ M 2 ⊗ ···. Let C be a nuclearly imbeddable separable unital C *-algebra in the sense of Voiculescu [VO13]. Then there exists a C *-subalgebra E of the CAR-algebra B such that C is isomorphic to a quotient C *-algebra of E . We include one of the possible proofs that exact C *-algebras are nuclearly imbeddable. Proofs of G -covariant analogs are outlined for compact G . Some related results are obtained on non-selfadjoint operator algebras. The unital separable nuclear C *-algebras not of type I are mutually cb -isomorphic and have cb -distance ≤ 256. Separable Lindenstrauss spaces are isometric to quotients of the CAR-algebra by a sum of closed left and a closed right ideal.
Microwave Hall mobility studies on polymer-single walled carbon nanotube composite fibers

Composite fibers of single walled carbon nanotubes dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene are prepared using electrospinning. The single fiber electrical conductivity is measured as a function of the composition of carbon nanotubes. A noncontact method of measuring the carrier mobility at microwave frequency (14GHz) using bimodal cavity is employed. The mobility measurements indicate lower percolation threshold for mobility compared to electrical conduction. For higher concentrations of carbon nanotubes, the mobility is found to decrease indicating possible carrier-lattice scattering.
Efficient Estimation for Semi-varying Coefficient Model with An Invertible Linear Process Error

For semi-varying-coefficient model with an invertible linear process error, we propose an efficient estimator procedure. This procedure is based on a pre-whitening transformation of the dependent variable that must be estimated from the data. We establish the proposed estimations’ asymptotic normalities, and assess their finite sample performance. Monte Carlo simulation suggest that the efficiency gain can be achieved in moderate-sized samples.
Influence of Curvature-Driven Favorable Pressure Gradient on Supersonic Turbulent Boundary Layer

The influence of a wall curvature-driven favorable pressure gradient on the turbulent and mean flow properties of a Mach 2.9 boundary layer (Re x = 1.23 × 10 7 ) were investigated using laser Doppler velocimetry. A zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer (Re x = 1.35 x 10 7 ) was also mapped for comparative purposes. In addition to the typical mean and turbulent statistical properties, the data in this study were acquired with the specific goal of resolving the mean strain rates in all three coordinate directions; these data allowed for measurement of the extra Reynolds shear-stress production terms. The maximum magnitude of the distortion was 0.1, which indicated that the pressure gradient was strong. The expected stabilizing effect on the turbulence intensities was observed. Near the wall, the kinematic Reynolds shear stresses were reduced by approximately 75%. Above y/δ 0.4 the favorable pressure gradient induced a negative Reynolds shear stress, whereas the main strain rate remained positive. The reduced shear-stress levels were attributed to negative overall production and the use of a body-intrinsic coordinate system for data collection
Left-handed materials made of dilute ferromagnetic wire arrays with gyrotropic tensors

In this article, we theoretically investigate properties of normally incident microwave propagation in dilute metallic ferromagnetic wire array (DMFWA) slabs with gyrotropic tensors. It is found that DMFWA may become left-handed materials (LHM) in a narrow frequency range below the plasma frequency, even the real part of the corresponding inversion permeability element is positive. Comparing with the isotropic materials having same diagonal permeability elements, due to existence of off-diagonal elements of the gyrotropic permeability tensor, the DMFWA becomes a LHM in a higher frequency range depended on its geometric structure. In addition, E, H, and wave vector Re(k) of microwave propagating in the DMFWA form an approximately left-handed triplet of vectors.
Proportions of protein and concentrate in diets for buffaloes and cows affect neutral detergent fibre degradability

The study was designed to compare low and high levels of protein, namely 90 and 147 g/kg of dietary dry matter, and to evaluate the effect of concentrate proportions on the in situ digestion kinetics of neutral detergent fibre in buffaloes and cows fed a low protein diet at maintenance intake level. In the first experiment, heifers and lactating females were offered a high protein diet. In the second, the performances of buffaloes and cows were compared when fed diets with low and high proportions of concentrate at low dietary protein level. At higher protein supply, the heifers showed a 6% unit increase in neutral detergent fibre degradability (NDFD) compared with lactating animals. Similarly, at a higher level of concentrate proportion, an 8% unit increase was observed in NDFD. In both experiments the comparison of buffaloes and cows was non-significant for NDFD. Those data that were pooled against the stage of development of both experiments for protein levels depicted a 13% unit increase in NDFD at high protein level compared with low level. At maintenance intake level, a high dietary crude protein or concentrate supply improved the in situ NDFD of tropical forages in buffaloes and cows, owing to the enhanced intake of NDF from concentrate and better synchronization of protein and energy availability in the rumen.
Talker differences and perceptual normalization

Recognition performance for speech is generally worse for utterances produced by a mix of several talkers compared to utterances produced by a single talker. This performance impairment can be attributed to those aspects of talker normalization used to determine the vocal characteristics of the talker each time the talker changes. The present study investigated the size and nature of talker differences that may affect normalization. Spoken words were generated by a text‐to‐speech system for matched pairs of synthetically defined talkers. All but two of these pairs differed only in average fundamental frequency. One remaining pair of talkers differed in perceived gender but both talkers had the same average pitch; the other pair differed in both gender and pitch. Response times in a speeded word recognition task were compared for blocks of stimuli produced by a single talker and blocks of stimuli produced by a mix of one of the pairs of talkers. The results are important for understanding how listeners use.
Synchrotron radiation studies of the K-edge photoabsorption spectra of Kr, Br$sub 2$, and GeCl$sub 4$: a comparison of theory and experiment

The $K$-edge photoabsorption spectra of Kr, Br in ${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$, and Ge in Ge${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ were measured using synchrotron radiation from SPEAR, Stanford's ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ storage ring, which provides a factor of 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ improvement in intensity over a conventional x-ray source. The agreement between theory and experiment is only qualitative.
On the problem of microcavity effects on the top emitting OLED with semitransparent metal cathode

Recent interest in the top emission organic light emitting devices (TEOLEDs) has been stimulated by their potential application for the development of full color flat panel displays. We have fabricated the bottom emitting, ITO/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(120 nm) device with a microcavity length of L = 95 nm and three top emitting structures, namely Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/ BCP(10 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) (L = 95 nm), Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/ Ag(10 nm) (L = 90 nm), and Ni/α-NPD(35 nm)/Alq3(50 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) (L = 90 nm). These devices were characterized by electroluminescence (EL) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. Results on the top and the bottom emitting devices have been compared. In Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/ Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(10 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) structure, the EL yield is lowest and Fabry-Perot interference fringes are observed, due to microcavity effects because of the presence of the residual reflection at the semitransparent Ca/Ag cathode. The turn-on voltage is significantly high (7 V), about two times compared to the bottom emitting structure. The device performance could be improved by properly optimizing the microcavity length. No interference fringes are noticed in TEOLEDs with the microcavity length of L = 90 nm. Enhanced EL and very low threshold voltage (2.75V) are reported in the Ni/α-NPD(50 nm)/Alq3(35 nm)/BCP(5 nm)/Ca(10 nm)/Ag(10 nm) TEOLED. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)