Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quiescent and flare analysis for the chromospherically active star Gl 355 (LQ Hya)

We discuss ROSAT and ASCA observations of the young active star Gl 355. During the ROSAT observation a strong flare was detected with a peak flux more than an order of magnitude larger than the quiescent level. Spectral analysis of the data allows us to study the temperature and emission measure distribution, and the coronal metal abundance, for the quiescent phase and, in the case of ROSAT, also during the evolution of the flare. The global coronal metallicity Z=Z 0:1 derived from both ROSAT and ASCA data is much lower than solar and presumably also much lower than the photospheric abundance expected for this very young star. The temperature structure of the quiescent corona was about the same during the various observations, with a cooler component at T1 7 MK and a hotter component (to which only ASCA was sensitive) at T2 20 MK. During the flare, the low temperature component remained approximately constant and equal to the quiescent value, while the high-temperature component was the only one that varied. We have modeled the flare with the hydrodynamic-decay sustained-heating approach of Reale at al. (1997) and we have derived a loop semi{length of the order of1.5 stellar radii, i.e. much larger than the dimensions of flares on the Sun, but comparable with the typical dimensions inferred for other stellar flares. We have compared the derived loop size with that estimated with a simpler (but physically inconsistent) approach, nding that for this, as well for several other stellar flares, the two methods give comparable loop sizes. Possible causes and consequences of this result are discussed.
The “Correct Number” of Components—Facts, Mystifications and Myths

Factor methods and meaningful factors T his analysis deals with factorbased data analysis, especially Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and, to a lesser extent, Factor Analysis (FA) and some related methods in which a correct number of components have also to be selected. Mathematically, the “correct number” of components can be defined exactly as the number that gives zero residual, but with data analysis and statistics the meaning of this term becomes more uncertain. This is now about “correct interpretation” of the scree plot, for example, which means where does the systematic information in a data matrix give way to noise? When using noisy measured data (data embedding a significant amount of sampling, measuring and modelling noise), how can we estimate the “correct number” of components? First, some explanation of the models is needed. Linear algebra could explain this properly but for the sake of this column, a simplified version of the equations will suffice. Any factor model (PCA, FA etc.) can be written as:
Study of Precise Measurement Algorithm Based on Machine Vision

An precise measurement algorithm based on machine is presented, first, salt and pepper noise has been pushed into original image, then the image with noise was under a median filtering，output image is well preprocessed, and distortion in image has been corrected by Camera Distortion Correction. The corrected image was detected by Canny operator on its edge then the image’s edge was extracted by the maximum variance method on certain threshold, and the output image is showed in gray level, then the gray level was under interpolation computation by bilinear interpolation function to make its edge be detected at sub-pixel level. In this paper, the combination of image procession and camera calibration is practically and effectively fulfilled the precision requirement of the system.
The effect of the zero-field splitting interaction in light-induced pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy

Laser-induced magnetic dipole spectroscopy (LaserIMD) and light-induced double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy (LiDEER) are important techniques in the emerging field of light-induced pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy (light-induced PDS). These techniques use the photoexcitation of a chromophore to the triplet state and measure its dipolar 10 coupling to a neighboring electron spin, which allows the determination of distance restraints. LaserIMD and LiDEER were so far analyzed with software tools that were developed for a pair of two 𝑆 = 1/2 spins and neglect the zero-field splitting interaction (ZFS) of the excited triplet. Here, we show that the ZFS cannot be neglected in light-induced PDS, as it has an effect on the shape of the dipolar trace. For a detailed understanding of the effect of the ZFS, a theoretical description for LaserIMD and LiDEER is derived, taking into account the non-secular terms of the ZFS. Simulations based on this model 15 show that the ZFS leads to an additional decay in the dipolar trace in LaserIMD. This effect is not so pronounced in Q-band but can be quite noticeable for lower magnetic fields like in X-band. Experimentally recorded LiDEER and LaserIMD data confirm these findings and show that the ZFS is an important parameter that needs to be considered for the accurate description of light-induced PDS. the dipolar oscillations in 𝑉 +1non−sec (𝑡) and 𝑉 −1non−sec (𝑡) They an on the decay of 𝑉 (𝑡) , that a stronger ZFS parameters and lower magnetic fields will lead to a stronger additional decay in the trace. The additional decay is also stronger for shorter distances between the spin labels and can therefore be used as a for the calculation of the distance distribution. fitted to values between 32 % and 36 %. Even though, 15 these simulations are only anecdotal evidence and generalizations from these data must be taken with caution, they show that when LaserIMD data are analysed with 𝐾 DEER (𝑡, 𝑟) it is possible to extract the main distance peak correctly. Analyzing LaserIMD traces with 𝐾 DEER (𝑡, 𝑟) can thus an option in situations where the ZFS values and zero-field populations of the transient triplet label are unknown and their effect cannot be included in the analysis. However, this way of analyzing LaserIMD data can give artefacts at higher distances and also errors in the obtained modulation depth and background decay 20 rate. This is particularly pronounced for low magnetic fields (e.g. X-band) and similar results can be expected for transient triplet labels with higher ZFS values.
PHOSPHINE RESISTANCE OF RUSTY GRAIN BEETLE Cryptolestes ferrugineus ( Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae ) POPULATIONS IN TURKEY

Rusty grain beetle Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) is one of the most important pests of stored grains. It is known that long term use of phosphine against the pests causes to resistance development in the pests. In this study, 16 C. ferrugineus populations from grain warehouses of 11 provinces were collected. The resistance to phosphine of the populations was determined by modifying the FAO method to obtain LC 50 values. Resistance ratios were calculated by comparing the LC 50 values of the populations to the LC 50 value of the sensitive population. The C. ferrugineus population obtained from İzmir province died at 36 ppm discriminating dose and LC 50 value was calculated as 16.82 ppm/20 hrs. This population was considered susceptible and used in LC 50 comparisons to determine the resistance ratios. The LC 50 was not calculated for the six populations which died at the discriminating dose. In the 10 populations which LC 50 were calculated, resistance ratios were found between 3.0 and 392.6 times. According to the results, phosphine resistance of C. ferrugineus was common and generally high in Turkish populations.
Journal of Renewable Energies A new algorithm described PV module’s behavior under partial shading conditions

The shadowing of a single cell in string leads to reverse bias of the shadowed cell. The cell acts as a load instead of a generator in order to deal with this effect and the hotspots problems, this paper focuses on the design of bypass diodes configuration and the behavior of a PV module (Suntech 85w) under partial shading divided from 36 cells into three parts of 12 cells and each part of these parts behaves like a single module, The effect of shadow has been simulated on this module, based on the transmission of shadow for a single shaded cell, before increasing the number of shaded cells for the same shadow transmittance, and the effect of the shaded on the unshaded module and those in the presence and absence of bypass diodes. The simulation results show that the consequences of the shading phenomena can be limited by this configuration and thus increase the operating efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Adolescent Closeness to Parents and Young Adult Global Self-esteem: the Moderating Role of Natural Mentoring Relationship

Theories suggest that relationships play an important role in self-esteem. Close relationships with parents during adolescence revealed direct and long-term effects on self-esteem. The past research demonstrated that a natural mentor significantly positively affected adolescents’ phycological outcomes. Whether it directly influences psychological well-being or is a protective factor for at-risk youths, a greater likelihood of favorable outcomes was demonstrated when adolescents are close to their parents or have natural mentoring relationships. However, there has been a gap in the literature about the moderating role of the natural mentoring relationships (NMRs) between closeness to parents and children’s global self-esteem. To better understand how different relationships affect youth’s self-esteem, the current study addressed this gap by using The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent and Adult Health to investigate the moderating role of natural mentoring relationships and the characteristics (duration of relationship and closeness to mentor). The results showed favorable outcomes. Results replicated previous findings in the significant correlation between closeness to parents and the natural mentoring relationship on self-esteem. In the relationship between closeness to parents during adolescence and global self-esteem in adulthood, having a natural mentor predicted more favorable outcomes in global self-esteem with closeness to mother. Further analyses did not find significant moderating effects of closeness to mentor and duration of mentorship. Thus, the results emphasized the importance of close relationships during adolescence self-esteem development—especially having natural mentoring relationships.
Spin effects in tau-lepton pair production at LHC

Question of the proper incorporation of spin effects in tau lepton decays is often of importance. In present work, case of the Z/gamma to tau+ tau- production mechanism is studied in detail. As an example, the effects due to the spin correlations on the potential for the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) Higgs searches in the tau tau decay channel at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are discussed. For these processes, the Standard Model Z/gamma to tau tau -pair production is a dominant background. The spin effects in high energy physics reactions, can be implemented up to certain approximation, independently of the algorithm and matrix elements used by the production program. Information stored on every generated event can be sufficient. The algorithm based on such approximation is documented. Question of the theoretical uncertaintity is discussed only partly.
Constrained total least squares

The Total Least Squares (TLS) method is a generalized least square technique to solve an overdetermined system of equationsAx\simeqb. The TLS solution differs from the usual Least Square (LS) in that it tries to compensate for arbitrary noise present in bothAandb. In certain problems the noise perturbations ofAandbare linear functions of a common "noise source" vector. In this case we obtain a generalization of the TLS criterion called the Constrained Total Least Squares (CTLS) method by taking into account the linear dependence of the noise terms inAandb. If the noise columns ofAandbare linearly related then the CTLS solution is obtained in terms of the largest eigenvalue and corresponding eigenvector of a certain matrix. The CTLS technique can be applied to problems like Maximum Likelihood Signal Parameter Estimation, Frequency Estimation of Sinusoids in white or colored noise by Linear Prediction and others.
Sliding-mode control design for a class of systems with non-matching nonlinearities and disturbances

A novel sliding-mode control design is proposed for the class of single-input nonlinear systems with non-matching nonlinearities and/or disturbances. This class of systems includes dual-spin spacecraft and rotational proof mass actuators that are used for suppressing translational oscillation. The sliding-mode control law is designed via an L 2 -norm bounding technique that ensures, under certain conditions, asymptotic stability of the system when the disturbances satisfy the matching condition or are zero; otherwise, it ensures system stability with an a priori bound on the transmission gain of the disturbances through the system for non-zero non-matching disturbances. Simulation results for a rotational proof mass actuator or dual-spin spacecraft example illustrate the excellent responses obtained by applying the control laws derived from this proposed design procedure.
R structures, Yang–Baxter equations, and related involution theorems

There are several ways to construct functions in involution on a Lie bi‐algebra, a Lie algebra equipped with a second Lie bracket. For the solvable systems associated to the Casimir functions a second Hamiltonian formulation can be constructed and a class of bi‐Hamiltonian Korteweg–de Vries‐like evolution equations with explicit space dependence is derived. Translating the Casimir functions with the flow of a special vector field yields another set of functions in involution. Lenard relations are found for the corresponding Hamiltonian systems. Finally, solutions of the classical Yang–Baxter equation lead to an analog of compatible Hamiltonian pairs. The invariants of the resulting hereditary operators are in involution.
Control of a single-particle localization in open quantum systems

We investigate the possibility to control localization properties of the asymptotic state of an open quantum system with a tunable synthetic dissipation. The control mechanism relies on the matching between properties of dissipative operators, acting on neighboring sites and specified by a single control parameter, and the spatial phase structure of eigenstates of the system Hamiltonian. As a result, the latter coincide (or near coincide) with the dark states of the operators. In a disorder-free Hamiltonian with a flat band, one can either obtain a dominating localized asymptotic state or populate whole flat and/or dispersive bands, depending on the value of the control parameter. In a disordered Anderson system, the asymptotic state can be localized anywhere in the spectrum of the Hamiltonian. The dissipative control is robust with respect to an additional local dephasing.
Geometrical meaning of winding number and its characterization of topological phases in one-dimensional chiral non-Hermitian systems

We unveil the geometrical meaning of winding number and utilize it to characterize the topological phases in one-dimensional chiral non-Hermitian systems. While chiral symmetry ensures the winding number of Hermitian systems being integers, it can take half integers for non-Hermitian systems. We give a geometrical interpretation of the half integers by demonstrating that the winding number of non-Hermitian system is equal to half of the summation of two winding numbers associated with two exceptional points respectively. By applying our scheme to a non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and an extended version of it, we show that the topologically different phases can be well characterized by winding numbers. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the existence of zero-mode edge states is closely related to the winding number.
A Phase I/II Trial of MEC (Mitoxantrone, Etoposide, Cytarabine) in Combination with Ixazomib for Relapsed Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Purpose: The prognosis of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains poor, and novel therapies are needed. The proteasome pathway represents a potential therapeutic target. A phase I trial of the second-generation proteasome inhibitor ixazomib in combination with MEC (mitoxantrone, etoposide, and cytarabine) was conducted in patients with R/R AML. Patients and Methods: Dose escalation of ixazomib was performed using a standard 3 × 3 design. Gene-expression profiling was performed on pretreatment and posttreatment bone marrow or blood samples. Results: The maximum tolerated dose of ixazomib in combination with MEC was 1.0 mg. The dose limiting toxicity was thrombocytopenia. Despite a poor risk population, the response rate [complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi)] was encouraging at 53%. Gene-expression analysis identified two genes, IFI30 (γ-interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase) and RORα (retinoic orphan receptor A), which were significantly differentially expressed between responding and resistant patients and could classify CR. Conclusions: These results are encouraging, but a randomized trial is needed to address whether the addition of ixazomib to MEC improves outcome. Gene-expression profiling also helped us identify predictors of response and potentially novel therapeutic targets.
Theoretical and experimental status of the indirect Higgs boson mass determination in the standard model

The impact of theoretical and experimental uncertainties on the indirect determination of the Higgs boson mass, MH, in the Standard Model (SM) is discussed. Special emphasis is put on the electroweak precision observables MW (the W boson mass) and sin^2(theta_eff) (the effective leptonic mixing angle). The current uncertainties of the theoretical predictions for MW and sin^2(theta_eff) due to missing higher order corrections are conservatively estimated to delta MW \approx 7 MeV and delta sin^2(theta_eff) \approx 7 x 10^-5 . Expectations and necessary theoretical improvements for future colliders are explored. Results for the indirect MH determination are presented based on the present experimental and theoretical precisions as well as on improvements corresponding to the prospective situation at future colliders. The treatment of the different future colliders is done in a uniform way in order to allow for a direct comparison of the accuracies that can be reached. Taking all experimental, theoretical, and parametric uncertainties into account, a current upper bound on MH of \sim 200 GeV is obtained. Furthermore we find in a conservative approach that a Linear Collider with GigaZ capabilities can achieve a relative precision of about 8% (or better) in the indirect determination of MH.
The unitary irreducible representations of SU(2,1)

This paper analyzes the irreducible unitary representations of SU(2,1) in a basis labeled as ‖p, q; jmy〉, where p,q correspond to quantum numbers associated with the quadratic and cubic Casimir operators, j,m label states of the SU(2) subgroup, and y labels the quantum number with respect to the U(1) subgroup. All the irreducible representations are found and the allowed range of these quantum numbers for each representation are given. The results are expressed in the form of diagrams that show the allowed values in a (j,y) plot for fixed values of p,q. A (p,q) plot is also provided that indicates the allowed values of these quantum numbers.
Mathematical Interest of VIII Standard Students: A Comparative Study

The present study was attempted to study the mathematical interest of VIII standard students with respect to their gender and area. A sample of 120 students (consisted of 60 boys and 60 girls studying in VIII class and belonging to rural and urban areas) was drawn from Government Schools of Una district (H. P.) by employing random sampling. Descriptive survey method was used to find out the mathematical interest of VIII class students. For the collection of data Mathematical Interest Inventory by Dubey was used to measure the mathematical interest of VIII standard students. For the analysis of data percentages were calculated to find out the percentage of student having varied mathematical interest and t-test was used to find out the significant difference between two groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that 61% students showed high interest in mathematics, 22% students showed above average interest in mathematics, 9% students showed average interest in mathematics, 7% students showed below average interest in mathematics, and 1% students showed low interest in mathematics. In total, it was found that total sample showed high interest in mathematics. No significant difference was observed between boys and girls on the variable of mathematical interest. Also, it was observed that rural and urban area students did not show any significant difference on mathematical interest. They showed same level of mathematical interest.
Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds. V. Mass Dependence of Dredge-up and the Chemical History of the Large Magellanic Cloud

A photoionization analysis of Hubble Space Telescope UV and ground-based optical spectrophotometry is given for eight more planetary nebulae (PNs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). This allows the central stars to be placed accurately on the H-R diagram and permits the determination of the He, C, N, O, Ne, S, and Ar abundances. In some cases, the gas-phase abundances of Mg and Si may also be determined. We have combined these results with the analysis of two other objects published by us in the first two papers of this series. The observed abundance patterns are qualitatively consistent with the (mass-dependent) operation of the various chemical dredge-up processes as predicted by theory. Dredge-up of C during the thermal pulsing stage appears to be most important, and “hot bottom burning” transforms much of this C to N in the more massive stars. There is no sign of dredge-up of 22Ne. We show that the spread in the α-process element abundances can be understood as being due to differences in core mass of the planetary nebula nucleus, which is related directly to initial mass of the precursor star. This is, therefore, a tracer of the age-metallicity relationship for stars in general, and we derive, for the first time, the chemical history of the LMC based on PNs. We find that the base metallicity of the LMC almost doubled ~2 Gyr ago. This is consistent with studies of field stars and of clusters that show that there was a major burst of star formation at that time.
Toward the direct calculation of noise - Fluid/acoustic coupled simulation

A numerical technique for the direct calculation of flow generated noise is developed in this paper and applied to the prediction of supersonic jet noise. In this approach, each flow parameter is decomposed into a time-averaged mean and a time-dependent fluctuating part. The mean flow is established with the solution of the three-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the first step. Flow perturbations based on the description of the large-scale structures as a linear superposition of normal mode instability waves are introduced at the nozzle exit plane. Their propagation in time and space are studied through solution of the Euler equations for the perturbations in the second step. Such an approach ensures that the fluctuation variables, which may be several orders of magnitude smaller than the mean values, are computed accurately without numerical round-off errors. Some dynamic features of the jet flow are presented. Predictions of radiated noise for a few test cases and qualitative comparisons with experiments are made. Effects of jet temperature on the peak directivity of the radiated sound are examined.