Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solving Second Order Linear Differential Equations via Algebraic Invariant Curves

The idea to find first integrals for polynomial vector fields via algebraic invariant curves can be traced back to Darboux in the 19th century. In 1983, this approach was further developed by Prelle and Singer to become a semi-decision algorithm for finding elementary first integrals. In this paper, we describe how to extend the Prelle-Singer method to deal with second order linear differential equations via Kovacic's results on algebraic solutions of Riccati equations. Some illustrative examples on using this approach are provided.
Lectures on Non-Linear Wave Equations

This much-anticipated revised second edition of Christopher Sogge's 1995 work provides a self-contained account of the basic facts concerning the linear wave equation and the methods from harmonic analysis that are necessary when studying nonlinear hyperbolic differential equations.Sogge examines quasilinear equations with small data where the Klainerman-Sobolev inequalities and weighted space-time estimates are introduced to prove global existence results. New simplified arguments are given in the current edition that allow one to handle quasilinear systems with multiple wave speeds. The next topic concerns semilinear equations with small initial data. John's existence theorem for R1+3 is discussed with blow-up problems and some results for the spherically symmetric case. After this, general Strichartz estimates are treated. A proof of the endpoint Strichartz estimates of Keel and Tao and the Christ-Kiselev lemma are given, the material being new in this edition. Using the Strichartz estimates, the critical wave equation in R1+3 is studied.
Bulk Photovoltaic Effect in 2D Materials for Solar‐Power Harvesting

It is highly desirable for exploring and discovering new materials and outcome‐based approaches to exceed the Shockley–Queisser limit for single‐junction photovoltaic cells. Low‐dimensional piezoelectric materials have the potential to generate the optoelectronic phenomenon called the bulk photovoltaic effect, which is not limited by the theoretical limit for solar radiation into electricity conversion. The recent development of 2D materials has demonstrated that by using the bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) for crystals lacking inversion symmetry, it is possible to overcome this limit. So far, the exploration of p–n junction designs has been addressed in several review articles. However, the mechanism of BPVE differs from traditional p–n junction‐based photovoltaics in 2D materials. In this focused review, various concepts regarding the shift‐current response are explored, both from theoretical and experimental points of view, which are generated in the framework of deformed 2D materials. Finally, prospective approaches for building BPVE‐based next‐generation solar cells using ultrathin 2D materials are presented. These materials are expected to work better than current methods of turning energy into electricity.
GPS Determined Asymmetric Deformation Across Central Altyn Tagh Fault Reveals Rheological Structure of Northern Tibet

We establish a continuous GPS transect crossing the central Altyn Tagh fault at 90°E with eight years of observations. GPS velocities along this profile and another one crossing the fault at 86°E suggest a fault slip rate of 12.4 ± 0.7 mm/yr, but with asymmetric straining of adjacent terrain. On the south side, ∼8.2 mm/yr of left‐lateral shear is absorbed across a region ∼210 km from the fault, but only ∼4.2 mm/yr is found on the north side. This estimate of slip rate is ∼30% larger than the consensus estimate of previous models. By treating the deforming regions as elastic plates with different thicknesses overlying a substrata that obeys a linear Maxwell viscoelastic constitutive relationship, we infer a viscosity of ∼5.1 × 1019 Pa s (between 3.5 and 9.1 × 1019 Pa s at 1‐σ) on the south side, beneath northern Tibetan Plateau. This low viscosity, compared to some estimates for the asthenosphere, concurs with the Tibetan Plateau being underlain by a relatively hot and weak lower crust and upper mantle. The effective elastic thickness on the south side is 16.5–20 km, which is significantly smaller than that of the Tarim Basin of >60 km.
Dynamics of Uncertainty in Nonequilibrium Random Motion

Shannon information entropy is a natural measure of probability (de)localization and thus (un)predictability in various procedures of data analysis for model systems. We pay particular attention to links between the Shannon entropy and the related Fisher information notion, which jointly account for the shape and extension of continuous probability distributions. Classical, dynamical and random systems in general give rise to time-dependent probability densities and associated information measures. The induced dynamics of Shannon and Fisher functionals reveals an interplay among various characteristics of the considered diffusion-type systems: information, uncertainty and localization while put against mean energy and its balance.
Neutral Higgs boson contributions to the decays B_{d,s}->mu^+ mu^- in the MSSM at large tan[beta]

It is well known that the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) can enhance Br[B_{d,s}->mu^+ mu^-] by orders of magnitude, even if we assume the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix to be the only source of flavour violation. Of particular interest is the quantity R=Br[B_d->mu^+ mu^-]/Br[B_s->mu^+ mu^-], since (i) the theoretical errors cancel to a large extent, and (ii) it offers a theoretically clean way of extracting the ratio |V_{td}/V_{ts}| in the Standard Model, which predicts R_SM ~ |V_{td}/V_{ts}|^2 \~ O(10^{-2}). Exploring three different scenarios of modified minimal flavour violation, we find that part of the MSSM parameter space can accommodate large B_{d,s}->mu^+ mu^- branching fractions, while being consistent with various experimental constraints. More importantly, we show that the ratio R can be as large as O(1), while the individual branching fractions may be amenable to detection by ongoing experiments. We conclude that within the MSSM with large tan[beta] the decay rates of B_{d,s}->mu^+ mu^- be of comparable size even in the case where flavour violation is due solely to the CKM matrix.
Pokušaj utvrđivanja razloga nasilnom ponašanju pomoću kvantitativnog i kvalitativnog pristupa

Cilj ovog istraživanja je vidjeti možemo li pomocu kvalitativne obrade kvantitativno prikupljenih podataka utvrditi razloge nasilnog ponasanja među mladima. Kvantitativni dio istraživanja je proveden na prigodnom uzorku od N=51 sudionika, ucenika prvih razreda srednje skole Gimnazije Daruvar. Za potrebe kvantitativnog dijela prikupljanja podataka koristen je Upitnik agresivnosti (Buss i Perry, 1992), a za potrebe kvalitativnog dijela, polustrukturirani intervju nastao na temelju Upitnika agresivnosti. U kvalitativnom dijelu istraživanja sudjelovalo je pet sudionika s minimalnim i pet s maksimalnim rezultatom na Upitniku agresivnosti. U obradi kvalitativnih podataka koristena je metoda „Analiza okvira“. Kvantitativna obrada nam pruža uvid u izraženost agresivnih ponasanja među mladima te razlike na cetiri dimenzije Upitnika agresivnosti. Kvalitativna obrada podataka nam pruža dublji uvid u razlike među sudionicima s minimalnim i maksimalnim rezultatom na Upitniku agresivnosti te razlike među sudionicima na individualnoj razini. Iako postoje razlike koje su dobivene kvantitativnom metodom, kvalitativna obrada pokazuje da postoji i mnostvo karakteristika koje obje skupine sudionika dijele. Pokazano je kako se dvije skupine sudionika uglavnom razlikuju u izražavanju agresivnoga ponasanja ali da su percepcije, emocije i kognicije dosta slicne za obje skupine sudionika.
How to Affect the Number of Images on the Success Rate for Detection of Weeds with Deep Learning

The detection of weeds with computer vision without the help of an expert is important for scientific studies and other purposes. The images used for the detection of weeds are recorded under controlled conditions and used in image processing-deep learning methods. In this study, the images of 3-4-leaf (true-leaf) periods of the wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) plant, which is the critical process for chemical control, were recorded from its natural environment by a drone. The datasets were included 50-100-250-500 and 1 000 raw images and were augmented by image preprocessing methods. Totally 12 different augmentation methods used and datasets were examined for understand how to affects the numbers of images on training-validation performance. YOLOv5 was used as a deep learning method and results of the datasets were evaluated with the Confusion Matrix, Metrics-Precision, and Train-Object Loss. For results of Confusion Matrix where 1 000 images gave the highest results with TP (True Positive) 80% and FP (False Positive) 20%. The TP-FP ratios of 500, 250, 100 and 50 image numbers were respectively; 65%-35%, 43%-57%, 0%-100% and 0%-100%. With 100 and 50 images, the system did not show any TP success. The highest metrics-precision ratio was found 92.52% for 1 000 images set and for 500 and 250 image sets respectively; 88.34% and 79.87%. The 100 and 50 images datasets did not show any metrics-precision ratio. The minimum object loss ratio was 5% at 50th epochs in the 100 images dataset. This dataset was followed by other 50, 250, 500, and 1 000 images respectively; 5.4%, 6.14%, 6.16%, and 8.07%.
Cavity-QED with single trapped ions

Combining optical cavities with trapped atomic ions is a powerful tool to investigate the interaction of light with matter on the most fundamental scale: a single atom with a single particle of light. Recent advances have not only demonstrated the emission of single photons, ion-photon entanglement and ion-ion entanglement but paved the way to use these systems in modern quantum technologies. Ion-cavity systems are now one of the most promising technologies for realising a scalable quantum computer and quantum networks. While the integration of optical cavities and ion traps is challenging, new techniques and technologies made it possible to demonstrate important building blocks for such systems.
Homology of closed geodesics in a negatively curved manifold

Soit M une variete de Riemann compacte dont le flot geodesique sur le fibre tangent unite est de type Anosov. Si on note par N(x, α) le nombre de geodesiques premieres P dans M dont la classe d'homologie est un α donne et de longueur l(p)≤x, alors le taux de croissance exponentiel, lim x→∞ x a1 log N(x, α) est egal a l'entropie topologique h du flot geodesique (>0)
Overflow cascades in liquid-infused substrates

Liquid-infused patterned surfaces offer a promising new platform for generating omniphobic surface coatings. However, the liquid infused in these surfaces is susceptible to shear-driven dewetting. Recent work [Wexler et al., “Shear-driven failure of liquid-infused surfaces,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 168301 (2015)] has shown how the substrate pattern in these surfaces can be designed to exploit capillary forces in order to retain infused lubricants against the action of an immiscible shear flow. In this study, we explore the behavior of the infused lubricant when external shear causes the lubricant to overflow finite or “dead-end” surface features, resulting in either temporary or permanent lubricant loss. Microfluidic experiments illustrate how both geometry and chemical Marangoni stresses within liquid-infused surfaces generate an overflow cascade in which the lubricant escapes from the substrate and forms droplets on the surface, after which the droplets depin and are washed away by the external shear flow.
An Approach to the Visual Presentation of Museum Artefacts

The present work aims to create approaches for applying the means of digitalization in the design stage and selection of (graphic) design solutions intended for the needs of the preservation and dissemination of the cultural-historical heritage. In order to expand the applicability of the proposed approach, the emphasis is mainly on the moment of the exact selection of exhibits of a given type in order to use them to achieve the best presentation for various needs of the graphic, industrial, etc. design for a wide range of objects - artefacts from museum collections such as costumes, costumes, jewellery and the like. One of the possible options for achieving the goals of the present development envisages the use of artificial intelligence tools and modern approaches to image analysis. Aims and objectives - to study a method of analysis and evaluation of artefacts.
Analyzing the influence of servant leadership on job performance through work engagement as a mediator

Organizations are currently seeking for ways to improve their performance in order to remain in the fierce competition in the business environment. In this regard, leadership plays a crucial role as they can shape employees’ behavior and attitude in the organization. This study is carried out to analyze and understand the relationship between servant leadership, work engagement, and job performance. It also aims to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between servant leadership and job performance. This study uses quantitative approach with the survey. The population of this study is employees of manufacturing companies in West Java, Indonesia, with a total number of samples of 115 respondents, which are chosen using purposive sampling. The data collection is done using a survey by distributing questionnaires to respondents online. The data analysis uses Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The results of this study indicate that servant leadership has a positive influence on both work engagement and job performance, while work engagement has a positive influence on job performance. In addition, this study also proved that work engagement is a mediator in the relationship between servant leadership and job performance. This study provides a fruitful contribution for managers or leaders of employees in manufacturing companies, such that they can foster employee performance through leading in a servant leadership style. This leadership style will be able to help employees to develop engagement in their work, and it will eventually increase their job performance.
Linear Collider Physics Resource Book for Snowmass 2001 - Part 3: Studies of Exotic and Standard Model Physics

This Resource Book reviews the physics opportunities of a next-generation e+e- linear collider and discusses options for the experimental program. Part 3 reviews the possible experiments on that can be done at a linear collider on strongly coupled electroweak symmetry breaking, exotic particles, and extra dimensions, and on the top quark, QCD, and two-photon physics. It also discusses the improved precision electroweak measurements that this collider will make available.
β2-Integrin Adhesive Bond Tension under Shear Stress Modulates Cytosolic Calcium Flux and Neutrophil Inflammatory Response

On arrested neutrophils a focal adhesive cluster of ~200 high affinity (HA) β2-integrin bonds under tension is sufficient to trigger Ca2+ flux that signals an increase in activation in direct proportion to increments in shear stress. We reasoned that a threshold tension acting on individual β2-integrin bonds provides a mechanical means of transducing the magnitude of fluid drag force into signals that enhance the efficiency of neutrophil recruitment and effector function. Tension gauge tethers (TGT) are a duplex of DNA nucleotides that rupture at a precise shear force, which increases with the extent of nucleotide overlap, ranging from a tolerance of 54pN to 12pN. TGT annealed to a substrate captures neutrophils via allosteric antibodies that stabilize LFA-1 in a high- or low-affinity conformation. Neutrophils sheared on TGT substrates were recorded in real time to form HA β2-integrin bonds and flux cytosolic Ca2+, which elicited shape change and downstream production of reactive oxygen species. A threshold force of 33pN triggered consolidation of HA β2-integrin bonds and triggered membrane influx of Ca2+, whereas an optimum tension of 54pN efficiently transduced activation at a level equivalent to chemotactic stimulation on ICAM-1. We conclude that neutrophils sense the level of fluid drag transduced through individual β2-integrin bonds, providing an intrinsic means to modulate inflammatory response in the microcirculation.
Awareness and Knowledge of Osteoporosis in Elderly Individual

BACKGROUD: Elderly people may suffer from multiple health disorders due to the vulnerability for many physical and mental disturbances. Quality of life in elderly population can be affected by many environmental factors. INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a global public health problem which is commonly referred to as a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone tissue with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. OPAAT scale assesses osteoporosis knowledge by asking participants to rate the likelihood of getting osteoporosis based on the type of preventive measures taken. The aim of our study was to assess the knowledge and awareness about osteoporosis in elderly individuals. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a survey of 100 men and women aged ≥ 60 years. The validated Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT) was used to assess their knowledge about osteoporosis prevention and awareness and perceived barriers to osteoporosis screening. The OPAAT consists of 30 items, categorized into three domains. The higher scores indicate higher knowledge level. The domains of the scale are “osteoporosis in general”, “consequence of untreated osteoporosis” and “osteoporosis preventive measure”. A score of one was given for a correct response and zero for an incorrect or do not know response. The total score was converted into percentage ranging from 0–100. RESULT: Present study determines that awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis in elderly individuals in general domain is 30.90%, knowledge of consequence of untreated osteoporosis is 39%, and knowledge of osteoporosis preventive measure is 38%. CONCLUSION: Knowledge and awareness of osteoporosis in elderly individuals is low which suggests the need for increased awareness campaigns in the elderly population. Key words: Elderly, Osteoporosis, OPAAT, Knowledge, Awareness.
Analysis of factors that affect health-seeking behavior in parents with stunted and obese children during the pandemic

This study aims to determine the factors that affect health-seeking behaviour in parents who have children aged 3-5 years who are stunting and obese indications during the pandemic. This research is quantitative analytics with a cross-sectional approach. The Independent variable is health-seeking behaviour and the dependent variable is education, knowledge, income, affordability of health facilities and health workers, family support, community support, and belief. The population of 147, sampling using totality sampling with inclusion criteria. The instrument to use questionnaires health-seeking behaviour list with Linkert scale closed questions through validity and reliability tests. The analytics process uses a double-liner regression with p= 0.05. Meanwhile, for models using SEM by looking at the value of the goodness of fit indicator. Overall, the independent variables together affect the health-seeking behaviour by 0.705 with an adjusted R of 0.720 which means that the independent variable affects the dependent variable together by 72% while 18% is influenced by other factors. The modelling results is finding that the model presented as a whole can be accepted as a model for the form of health-seeking behaviour during the pandemic with Chi-Square (x2)= 1.39, Probability= 0.278, CMIN/DF=1.189, RMSEA=0.041, GFI=0.921, AGFI=0.934
Positive Linear Systems: Theory and Applications

DEFINITIONS. Definitions and Conditions of Positivity. Influence Graphs. Irreducibility, Excitability and Transparency. PROPERTIES. Stability. Spectral Characterization of Irreducible Systems. Positivity of Equilibria. Reachability and Observability. Realization. Minimum Phase. Interconnected Systems. APPLICATIONS. Input-Output Analysis. Age-Structured Population Models. Markov Chains. Compartmental Systems. Queueing Systems. Conclusions. Annotated Bibliography. Bibliography. Appendices. Index.
Preparation process by desolvation method for enhanced loading of acyclovir nanoparticles

The aim of this investigation was to qualitatively study on preparation process of enhanced loading acyclovir (ACV) in ACV-loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) prepared by desolvation method with submerged jet of desolvating agent. The prepared ACV-loaded BSA nanoparticles in sterile water for injection (SWI) and isotonic trehalose solution were shown to be monodisperse with sizes of around 120 to 200 nm and zeta potentials of around -7 to -50 mV. However, those in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were found to exhibit much larger sizes with polydispersity, which might be attributed to the effect of ionic strength. The loading efficiency was found to be around 60%. An increase in the amount of ACV added to the system could significantly improve the loading capacity by almost the same ratio, which may be due to molecular mixing behavior of submerged jet of desolvating agent.
An explicit shortest path generation scheme for point stabilization of the car-like robot in free space

This paper proposes a shortest path generation scheme for point stabilization of the car-like robot. An implicit shortest point stabilization algorithm has been suggested conceptually by Vendittelli. As an extension, we present an algorithm which is more explicit and faster than previous one. Our scheme provides exact equations for practical implementation. Moreover, its computation time is remarkably lower than the previous one for the case in which the final point changes frequently. We provide a proof of the optimality and validate the performance of our algorithm through the simulation and experiment. where v(t) ,ω (t) are a linear and an angular velocity. These two velocities are control inputs to the robot. We assume minimum turning radius as 1 and |v(t )=1 | which means that the robot can go both forward and backward with constant speed. Now, we say(x(t0) ,y (t0) ,θ (t0)) as an initial posture and (x(tf) ,y (tf) ,θ (tf)) as a final posture, where t0 and tf are an initial and a final time. We also denote (xf ,y f) as a final point.
Determinants of the tennis players' success and their effect on the sports organizations' sustainability

The article aims to reveal whether the number of tournaments in different categories, GDP, and the average wage impact athletes' success. GDP and average wage are viewed as the factors influencing the financial support of athletes. It allows the players to participate in the tournaments in their home country, increasing the chances of achieving better results. On the other hand, a high average wage can change athletes' decisions to pursue university studies. The main research question is: Which of the selected factors affect the success of juniors, men, and women playing tennis professionally? This was studied on the sample starting with fifty European countries (geographically assigned in this international research perspective). The relationship was corroborated between the number of tournaments organized in the country and the number of athletes from the country in the TOP 100 rankings. The article builds on the previous research works conducted worldwide, focusing on other relevant factors and their effect on the success of professional tennis players. The empirical research focuses on economic factors playing a pivotal role in tennis associations' operation and economic sustainability and other entities involved. Econometric regression modeling was applied to the panel data as a quantitative method to justify the relationships among the variables studied.