Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Extreme Temperatures and Cardiovascular Cause-Specific Mortality: Results From 27 Countries

Background: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Existing studies on the association between temperatures and cardiovascular deaths have been limited in geographic zones and have generally considered associations with total cardiovascular deaths rather than cause-specific cardiovascular deaths. Methods: We used unified data collection protocols within the Multi-Country Multi-City Collaborative Network to assemble a database of daily counts of specific cardiovascular causes of death from 567 cities in 27 countries across 5 continents in overlapping periods ranging from 1979 to 2019. City-specific daily ambient temperatures were obtained from weather stations and climate reanalysis models. To investigate cardiovascular mortality associations with extreme hot and cold temperatures, we fit case-crossover models in each city and then used a mixed-effects meta-analytic framework to pool individual city estimates. Extreme temperature percentiles were compared with the minimum mortality temperature in each location. Excess deaths were calculated for a range of extreme temperature days. Results: The analyses included deaths from any cardiovascular cause (32 154 935), ischemic heart disease (11 745 880), stroke (9 351 312), heart failure (3 673 723), and arrhythmia (670 859). At extreme temperature percentiles, heat (99th percentile) and cold (1st percentile) were associated with higher risk of dying from any cardiovascular cause, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and heart failure as compared to the minimum mortality temperature, which is the temperature associated with least mortality. Across a range of extreme temperatures, hot days (above 97.5th percentile) and cold days (below 2.5th percentile) accounted for 2.2 (95% empirical CI [eCI], 2.1–2.3) and 9.1 (95% eCI, 8.9–9.2) excess deaths for every 1000 cardiovascular deaths, respectively. Heart failure was associated with the highest excess deaths proportion from extreme hot and cold days with 2.6 (95% eCI, 2.4–2.8) and 12.8 (95% eCI, 12.2–13.1) for every 1000 heart failure deaths, respectively. Conclusions: Across a large, multinational sample, exposure to extreme hot and cold temperatures was associated with a greater risk of mortality from multiple common cardiovascular conditions. The intersections between extreme temperatures and cardiovascular health need to be thoroughly characterized in the present day—and especially under a changing climate.
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023.

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes. org/SOC.
On isomorphisms of incidence algebras

The incidence algebra AK(P, <) of a locally finite partially ordered set (P, <) over a field K is one of the fundamental structures of combinatorial theory. The following theorem is well known [1, 2]: if algebras AK(P\, <i) and AK(P2, <2) are isomorphic, then the partially ordered sets (Pi, <i) and (-^2) <2) are isomorphic. In [3] the theorem is generalized to pre-orders and the problem of proving the theorem if A" is a ring is raised. The problem was investigated in [4-7] for partial orders and pre-orders. The main results of the present paper can be described as follows: (1) the theorem is proved for reflexive binary relations; (2) the theorem is strengthened: isomorphism of groupoids is sufficient for isomorphism of binary relations; (3) the theorem is shown to be true not only for rings but also, for example, for lattices of certain kind. 1. THE INCIDENCE ALGEBRAS To define an incidence algebra we will mainly use the notation and the terminology of [8]. Let K be a ring (not necessarily associative) with the unity 1 (1 f 0), P be a set with a given reflexive binary relation <. For x, y e Ρ, χ < τ/, the interval [x,y] is the set {z G Ρ Ι χ < z < y}. The set (P, <) is ordered and is locally finite, i.e., every interval is finite. The function ξ is defined by the relation ) otherwise. Let A = A(P, <) denote the set of all functions /: P -» K such that for all x,y G P The operations of addition and convolution are defined on the set Λ by the following relations: (/ + #)(z,y) = /(x,y) + g(x,y)> ( /*<? )(*,</)= Σ f(*,*)9(*,y)t(x,y)· x<z<y Let Λ = AK(P, <) be the incidence algebra with the operations defined above, UA = (A(P, <), *) be the groupoid of the incidence algebra. Let = denote an isomorphism of algebras, groupoids, ordered sets. Define the function 0 as 0(z,t/) = 0 for all x,y G P. Let
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Gas Concentration in Yogyakarta Special Province

COVID-19 has plagued the world, one of which is Indonesia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all anthropogenic activities are limited, including activities that cause air pollution, such as transportation and industrial activities. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is one of the parameters of air pollution which has the main source of human activity. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in NO2 gas concentrations in the Yogyakarta Special Province. This study uses Sentinel 5-P satellite imagery data obtained through cloud computing on Google Earth Engine (GEE) to obtain NO2 gas concentration values. The results showed that there was a 3.7% decrease in the concentration of NO2 gas before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlation result between the number of COVID-19 cases and the concentration of NO2 gas is 0.39, which means it has a weak correlation.
Revisión de compositos de biocerámicas y biopolímeros mediante electrohilado para su uso potencial como andamios para la sustitución de piel

El estado del arte que comprende los materiales compósitos para andamiajes de piel, que están conformados por nano y microfibras de polímeros con propiedades biocompatibles, que son fabricadas mediante técnicas de electro-spinning que les permiten adquirir una estructura jerárquica muy similar a la que naturalmente posee el tejido dérmico. La creación de membranas solidas basadas en biocerámicas como fase dispersa en biopolímeros es una opción viable en el tratamiento de heridas crónico-degenerativas como el pie diabético, así como también en la atención de laceraciones por agentes externos como quemaduras y abrasiones; gracias a que sus propiedades no se limitan a la biocompatibilidad, sino que hacen uso tanto de su estructura conde su composición química para generar y promover la migración y crecimiento celular. En esta revisión se da un panorama general de los andamios de membranas compósitas y su importancia en un mercado global creciente que demanda nuevos y mejores materiales para el cuidado de heridas en la piel.
A digital principal? Substantive representation in the case of the Italian Five Star Movement

ABSTRACT One of the main ‘promises’ that populist parties seek to deliver is to bring politics closer to the ‘people’. While the literature focused mainly on the relationship between voters and those parties, less attention has been given to the role of members’ priorities in shaping parties’ legislative activity. In this paper, we focus on a paradigmatic technopopulist case, the Italian Five Star Movement (FSM): one of the founding trademarks of the party was the involvement of the members in the party activities via a digital platform. FSM’s digital platform included participative digital law-making features, which matched member priorities and élite policymaking. We built an original dataset which comprises the law-making activities of members and parliamentarians from 2013 to 2019. We analysed 2000 law proposals and found that FSM elected representatives’ agenda, albeit partly diverging from that of members, still changed in the direction of member priorities through time.
Nephroprotective Activity of Papaloquelite (Porophyllum ruderale) in Thioacetamide-Induced Injury Model

Acute kidney injury and impaired kidney function is associated with reduced survival and increased morbidity. Porophyllum ruderale is an edible plant endemic to Mexico used in Mexican traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of a hydroalcoholic extract (MeOH:water 70:30, v/v) from the aerial parts of P. ruderale (HEPr). Firstly, in vitro the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of HEPr was determined; after the in vivo nephroprotective activity of HEPr was evaluated using a thioacetamide-induced injury model in rats. HEPr showed a slight effect on LPS-NO production in macrophages (15% INO at 40 µg/mL) and high antioxidant activity in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test, followed by the activity on DPPH and ABTS radicals test (69.04, 63.06 and 32.96% of inhibition, respectively). In addition, values of kidney injury biomarkers in urine (urobilinogen, hemoglobin, bilirubin, ketones, glucose, protein, pH, nitrites, leukocytes, specific gravity, and the microalbumin/creatinine) and serum (creatinine, urea, and urea nitrogen) of rats treated with HEPr were maintained in normal ranges. Finally, 5-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic and ferulic acids; as well as 3-O-quercetin glucoside and 3-O-kaempferol glucoside were identified by HPLC as major components of HEPr. In conclusion, Porophyllum ruderale constitutes a source of compounds for the treatment of acute kidney injury.
Single carbon nanotube infrared detectors

Due to their unique hollow cylindrical structure, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered very promising for many potential nano-electronics and nano-device applications. Their optical properties have been extensively explored by absorption spectroscopy1 and Raman scattering,2 and their photoconductivity under infrared illumination has also attracted considerable interest since CNTs can potentially be used as superb infrared detector materials characterized by high sensitivity and low noise. Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) films are now being used for photodetection. However, since it is difficult to fabricate CNT films in which all nanotubes have similar properties, they are typically plagued by poor performance. Theoretical studies have shown that the photoconductivity of individual SWNTs perform much better than CNT films, but the fabrication process of SWNT-based detectors is usually complicated and inefficient. As a result, the R&D scope of single CNT-based IR detectors has been significantly limited. However, advances in atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanorobotic manipulation systems3, 4 have allowed the recent development of a new deterministic process that can reliably and efficiently fabricate single CNT-based nano-infrared detectors.5
Bayesian Molecular Dating Analyses Combined with Mutational Profiling Suggest an Independent Origin and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 Sub-Lineages

The ongoing evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in the recent emergence of a highly divergent variant of concern (VOC) defined as Omicron or B.1. 1.529. This VOC is of particular concern because it has the potential to evade most therapeutic antibodies and has undergone a sustained genetic evolution, resulting in the emergence of five distinct sub-lineages. However, the evolutionary dynamics of the initially identified Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages remain poorly understood. Herein, we combined Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, mutational profiling, and selection pressure analysis to track the virus’s genetic changes that drive the early evolutionary dynamics of the Omicron. Based on the Omicron dataset chosen for the improved temporal signals and sampled globally between November 2021 and January 2022, the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) and substitution rates for BA.1 were estimated to be that of 18 September 2021 (95% highest posterior density (HPD), 4 August–22 October 2021) and 1.435 × 10−3 (95% HPD = 1.021 × 10−3 − 1.869 × 10−3) substitution/site/year, respectively, whereas 3 November 2021 (95% highest posterior density (HPD) 26 September–28 November 2021) and 1.074 × 10−3 (95% HPD = 6.444 × 10−4 − 1.586 × 10−3) substitution/site/year were estimated for the BA.2 sub-lineage. The findings of this study suggest that the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sub-lineages originated independently and evolved over time. Furthermore, we identified multiple sites in the spike protein undergoing continued diversifying selection that may alter the neutralization profile of BA.1. This study sheds light on the ongoing global genomic surveillance and Bayesian molecular dating analyses to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of the virus and, as a result, mitigate the impact of emerging variants on public health.
Biominerals Added Bioresorbable Calcium Phosphate Loaded Biopolymer Composites

Nanocrystalline calcium phosphate (CP) bioceramic coatings and their combination with biopolymers are innovative types of resorbable coatings for load-bearing implants that can promote the integration of metallic implants into human bodies. The nanocrystalline, amorphous CP particles are an advantageous form of the various calcium phosphate phases since they have a faster dissolution rate than that of crystalline hydroxyapatite. Owing to the biomineral additions (Mg, Zn, Sr) in optimized concentrations, the base CP particles became more similar to the mineral phase in human bones (dCP). The effect of biomineral addition into the CaP phases was thoroughly studied. The results showed that the shape, morphology, and amorphous characteristic slightly changed in the case of biomineral addition in low concentrations. The optimized dCP particles were then incorporated into a chosen polycaprolactone (PCL) biopolymer matrix. Very thin, non-continuous, rough layers were formed on the surface of implant substrates via the spin coating method. The SEM elemental mapping proved the perfect incorporation and distribution of dCP particles into the polymer matrix. The bioresorption rate of thin films was followed by corrosion measurements over a long period of time. The corrosion results indicated a faster dissolution rate for the dCP-PCL composite compared to the dCP and CP powder layers.
RESILIENCE AND COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS:A PERSPECTIVE ON HEALTHCARE

Purpose. The term “healthcare system resilience” is becoming topical in policy planning documents around the world, increasingly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to explore the role of the contextual framework in the research on resilience and prevailing aspects of the healthcare system’s resilience. Design / methodology / approach. The research hypothesised on the increasing relevance of the concept of resilience in the healthcare system as demonstrated by scientific literature; on determining elements that characterise the interrelationship between the domains of the healthcare system and the concept of resilience; and on the role of the contextual framework in creating an awareness of the concept of resilience in the healthcare system. The hypotheses were verified by the literature review on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Findings. The concept of resilience was introduced to the healthcare system literature from the ecological sciences through an increased understanding of the healthcare system as a complex adaptive system (CAS). The perception of the nature of the healthcare system in the context of a CAS, viewing it as a complex, dynamic part of the socio-economic system, operating in circumstances of high uncertainty, provides additional opportunities for understanding the healthcare system’s functioning, governance and decision-making. Originality / value. This study identified a research gap in the practical implementation of the CAS approach in the healthcare system on the highest level of governance. A CAS contains a multitude of characteristics and elements that could assist in attaining a more nuanced understanding of healthcare system resilience. Significantly, the inherent characteristics of a CAS, such as flexibility and an adaptive nature, which seem to undermine the stability of the system, actually create the core of this system’s resilience, and these aspects merit increased attention. Further research could be devoted to the investigation of healthcare system resilience in the context of healthcare system reforms. Keywords: healthcare system, contextual framework, organization, governance, ecological approach, networks
Combined Anti-Bacterial Actions of Lincomycin and Freshly Prepared Silver Nanoparticles: Overcoming the Resistance to Antibiotics and Enhancement of the Bioactivity

Bacterial drug resistance to antibiotics is growing globally at unprecedented levels, and strategies to overcome treatment deficiencies are continuously developing. In our approach, we utilized metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), known for their wide spread and significant anti-bacterial actions, and the high-dose regimen of lincosamide antibiotic, lincomycin, to demonstrate the efficacy of the combined delivery concept in combating the bacterial resistance. The anti-bacterial actions of the AgNPs and the lincomycin as single entities and as part of the combined mixture of the AgNPs–lincomycin showed improved anti-bacterial biological activity in the Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis microorganisms in comparison to the AgNPs and lincomycin alone. The comparison of the anti-biofilm formation tendency, minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) suggested additive effects of the AgNPs and lincomycin combination co-delivery. The AgNPs’ MIC at 100 μg/mL and MBC at 100 μg/mL for both Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis, respectively, together with the AgNPs–lincomycin mixture MIC at 100 + 12.5 μg/mL for Bacillus cereus and 50 + 12.5 μg/mL for Proteus mirabilis, confirmed the efficacy of the mixture. The growth curve test showed that the AgNPs required 90 min to kill both bacterial isolates. The freshly prepared and well-characterized AgNPs, important for the antioxidant activity levels of the AgNPs material, showed radical scavenging potential that increased with the increasing concentrations. The DPPH’s best activity concentration, 100 μg/mL, which is also the best concentration exhibiting the highest anti-bacterial zone inhibition, was chosen for evaluating the combined effects of the antibiotic, lincomycin, and the AgNPs. Plausible genotoxic effects and the roles of AgNPs were observed through decreased Bla gene expressions in the Bacillus cereus and BlaCTX-M-15 gene expressions in the Proteus mirabilis.
Stability and approximation of nonlinear filters in the Hilbert metric, and application to particle filters

The stability of the optimal filter w.r. t. its initial condition and w.r. t. the model, is studied in a general hidden Markov model using the Hilbert projective metric. These stability results are then used to prove the uniform convergence of the interacting particle filter to the optimal filter, as the number of particles goes to infinity.
A Comparative Study of Supervised and Reinforcement Learning Techniques for the Application of Credit Defaulters

Credit Defaulters in Banking is a term used for account holders unable to repay financial loans in time. Till recently, credit and loan systems were human dependent and had limitations in identifying defaulters due to weak data monitoring. Today, in the era of Data Science and Machine Learning (ML), data is closely monitored with inferences and timely feedback. However, the data available for credit defaulters is usually heavily imbalanced. The objective of this paper is to use a technique named ‘Reinforcement Learning’ (RL) to mitigate this bias using the concept of reward feedback wherein current decisions influence future decisions. We aim to do a comparative study of the Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN) algorithm under reinforcement learning with the existing supervised learning algorithms and find out if RL is suitable for the task. We find that RL gives a performance at par with supervised learning, in dataset specific cases.
Elliptical galaxy cooling flows without mass drop-out

The existence of a hot X-ray emitting gas phase in giant elliptical galaxies has long been recognized, but its structure and dynamics are still controversial. We explore the possibility that the gas is heated from below, causing it to convect. This leads to a two-component model in which a cooling flow feeds into an adiabatic core. The heat source for this core is taken to be the central black hole. The model is applied to the three galaxies with the best data from the Einstein observatory: NGC 4472, 4636 and 4649. In our models of NGC 4636, gas flows inwards at all radii, while in NGC 4472 and 4649 the flow is directed outwards at large radii. Consequently, the adiabatic core of NGC 4636 is signicantly larger and more luminous than those of NGC 4472 and 4649
Measurement strategies according to the new ISO/DIS 9612

The European Directive 2003/10/EC on noise protection at the workplace has given the impact for the revision of the ISO 9612 describing the measurement and assessment of occupational noise. The ISO/TC 43 "Acoustics" decided that the revision should only contain requirements for the determination of the noise exposure for the purpose of assessing potential hearing damage. Meanwhile a new Draft ISO/DIS 9612 has been presented, which gives a detailed description of three alternative measurement strategies for the determination of the noise exposure level. Moreover the standard provides a method for estimating the uncertainty of the results. The measuring strategies, called "task based measurements", "job based measurements" and "full day measurements" are illustrated and compared to each other. The choice of the appropriate strategy is explained, depending on the complexity of the work situation and the movements of the worker doing his job. Based on practical experience some comments are given, which may he.