Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A constrained global optimization method based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes a constrained global optimization method based on Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO). A constrained optimization problem is transformed into another bi-objective problem which minimizes both the original objective function and the total amount of constraint violations. Then, the global optimum of the former problem is obtained as the Pareto optimal solution of the latter one having no constraint violation. In order to find the particular Pareto optimal solution, the proposed method introduces to MOPSO such operations as (a) restricting the number of Pareto optimal solutions obtained at each iteration of MOPSO to urge particles to approach the feasible set of the original constrained problem, (b) choosing the most promising Pareto optimal solution as the global best solution so as to exclude solutions dominated by it, and (c) encouraging to add Pareto optimal solutions if their number is too small to recover the diversity of search. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness, efficiency, and wide applicability of the proposed method. For some famous engineering design problems, in particular, it can find solutions which are comparable to or better than the previously known best ones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(1): 43–54, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10385
Blinking kinematics description through non-invasive measurement

Spontaneous eye blinking is a complex process, which implies the joint actions of the eyelid muscles and the eye globe. These actions provoke the eyelid closure and simultaneous eye retraction into the orbit. Recently, the authors presented a non-invasive technique for measuring both movements that permits calculating several parameters. Following the work from Malbouisson and co-workers, we have fitted the displacement curves of the eyelid to an analytical function and, additionally, we have extended the kinematic model to the eye retraction movements. As a result of the fitting, some dynamic parameters have been presented for the first time in the literature. This study can be easily extended to obtain relevant information about ocular biomechanical properties in physiological optics and provides results that may be of interest in neurophysiology, in order to understand the blinking mechanism.
Reynolds number effect on separation structures at normal shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction

An experiment on normal shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction is analyzed. The experiment is performed on a convex wall in a narrow wind tunnel at a wall Mach number Afw = 1.47 for the Reynolds numbers Re, x 1<T = 5.5; 9.7; 13.1; 15.3. The experiments indicate that due to this interaction the separated flowfield is highly three-dimensional. Static wall pressure measurements, pitot and static pressure surveys and *Zm pictures support and complement a topological analysis of the flowfield structure based on oil-flow ±ZL. The non'unioue dependence between a three-dimensional separated flowfield structure and ,ts ol. flow pattern is emphasized. The complex topology of the separated flowfield is analyzed exhibiting a pronounced asymmetry with increasing Reynolds number.
Reconstruction of Smooth Skin Surface Based on Arbitrary Distributed Sparse Point Clouds

Adaptively reconstruction of the skin surface covering the skeletons of aircrafts, ships, high-speed trains, buildings with steel frames, etc., based on on-site measured point clouds is an important issue in both industry and construction. However, the skeleton has the characteristics of long and narrow shape and variable structure, resulting in a narrow and sparse distribution of measured point cloud on its surface with variable shape in different areas, which brings great challenges to the reconstruction of skin surface. In this article, a method for accurately reconstructing the skin surface covering the skeleton structures based on the arbitrary distributed sparse on-site measured points of the skeleton surface is proposed. At first, a robust B-spline curve fitting method based on the least square principle is proposed to construct the boundary curves of the point cloud. Then, a Coons-B-spline surface fitting method based on the generated boundary curves is proposed to generate an initial skin surface. Next, the initial skin surface is considered as a curved thin plate with stiffness, and a method of surface deformation considering the target points of deformation and the tensile and shear stiffness of the surface is proposed to obtain the surface with high accuracy and good smoothness. To show the feasibility of the proposed method, simulations and experiments are carried out. It is proved that the proposed method can achieve better accuracy while maintaining smoothness.
Reliability of optimization procedures for obtaining global optimum

The importance of the starting point, the size of initial search region, and the search region reduction rate is examined with respect to the reliability of different direct search optimization procedures in being able to furnish the global optimum for nonunimodal systems. Although, in general, the reliability of an optimization procedure is problem dependent, it is nevertheless clear that reliability cannot be increased simply by selecting larger search regions or by reducing the rate of contraction of the search region. A more efficient means of increasing reliability is to embody a pseudo one-dimensional search in the optimization procedure to enable the search to leave a local optimum and proceed to a better optimum.
Semiparametric Reversed Mean Model for Recurrent Event Process with Informative Terminal Event

Semiparametric Reversed Mean Model for Recurrent Event Process with Informative Terminal Event Wen Su1∗ , Li Liu2∗, Guosheng Yin, Xingqiu Zhao and Ying Zhang Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong School of Mathematics and Statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Applied Mathematics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
Security Threats and Cellular Network Procedures for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Researchers and standardization bodies have raised concerns about using legacy cellular networks for supporting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations. Different from traditional user equipment (UE), an unmanned aircraft system (UAS)-capable UE - UAV-UE or controller-UE - needs additional network security measures to ensure safe airspace operation. This article introduces the security requirements and threats with respect to three major themes: authentication and authorization, location information veracity and tracking, and command and control signaling. We present the 3GPP reference architecture for network connected UASs, the new application functions of the 5G core network, and the 5G security mechanisms and procedures for meeting the established requirements. Three 5G core application functions supporting UASs facilitate the interworking between the 3GPP network and the UAS traffic management, delivering location reports, validating UAS subscriptions, and matching UAS IDs with their respective UE IDs, among others. We identify opportunities for UAS network security research and recommend critical security features and processes to be considered for standardization. We conclude that while the 5G standard introduces important security mechanisms, more security research and benchmarking are needed for cellular networks to support secure and scalable real-time control of UAVs and the emerging applications enabled by them.
Inequalities in the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical fitness in the young population during the COVID-19 lockdown.

OBJECTIVE this study analyzed the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness among Spanish and Brazilian youths during the COVID-19 lockdown according to several inequality indicators. METHODS we conducted a cross-sectional study with parents and guardians of children and adolescents from Spain and Brazil. The evaluation process was through the use of online questionnaires. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in Children and Adolescents. Proxy-reported physical fitness was determined using the International Fitness Scale. Inequality indicators (gender, nationality, socioeconomic status, and parents/guardians' education level) were evaluated with a survey completed by the participants' parents/guardians. Binary logistic regression models estimated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and proxy-reported physical fitness, with stratification according to inequality variables. A total sample of 1,099 Spanish and Brazilian individuals (47.6% girls, aged 3 to 17 years) were included in the analysis. RESULTS compared to the "improvement needed to Mediterranean diet" category, the "optimal Mediterranean diet" group was significantly associated with "very good" physical fitness in boys (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.1) and in participants with parents/legal guardians' education level without university studies (OR = 1.5; 95 % CI: 1.0-2.4). CONCLUSIONS gender and parents/guardians' education level plays a significant role in the association between the "optimal Mediterranean Diet" and "very good" physical fitness level in Spanish and Brazilian children and adolescents. Future prospective studies are needed to investigate the role of inequality indicators in this relationship.
Titan's Surface: Composition and Variability from the Near-Infrared Albedo

Abstract We report observations of Titan covering the 1.075-, 1.28-, 1.6-, and 2.0-μm windows which show variations with the orbital phase, implying variability of the satellite's geometric albedo, as found earlier by other authors. The observations cover the region 4400 to 9600 cm -1 and were taken in June 1991, August 1993, and September 1994, using the Fourier transform spectrometer at the CFH Telescope (Hawaii). The resolving power was 10000, 1000, and 300 for the 1991, 1993, and 1994 spectra, respectively. The data sets cover Titan's Greatest Western Elongation and opposite Conjunctions. We find Titan's geometric albedo to be about the same (0.29) at 1.28 and 1.075 μm. (On the other hand, our observations of Uranus show the 1.28-μm albedo to be lower by 30% than that in the 1.075μm window.) The geometric albedos in the 1.6- and 2.0-μm methane windows on Titan are clearly lower (0.20 and 0.16, respectively). At the four wavelengths, a noticeable decrease in geometric albedo is observed near Greatest Western Elongation with respect to Inferior and Superior Conjunctions. The sum of the existing Titan data point to a bright leading side and a darker trailing one, with a maximum brightness near 120° (±20°) orbital longitude and a minimum near 230° (±20°). Despite important uncertainties in the value of the CH 4 absorption coefficients in the window regions, modeling Titan's observed albedos strongly suggests the existence of a surface material with a comparable albedo at 1.075 and 1.28 μm (0.4-0.5) but much darker at 1.6 and 2.0 μm (about 0.2). Titan's surface spectrum appears consistent with that of Hyperion and we suggest that this behavior may be due to the dominant presence of water ice on Titan's surface. The inhomogeneity of the surface implies that some other material (e.g., hydrocarbon lakes) is mixed with water ice in variable proportions.
A simple triangular element for thick and thin plate and shell analysis

A new plate triangle based on Reissner–Mindlin plate theory is proposed. The element has a standard linear deflection field and an incompatible linear rotation field expressed in terms of the mid-side rotations. Locking is avoided by introducing an assumed linear shear strain field based on the tangential shear strains at the mid-sides. The element is free of spurious modes, satisfies the patch test and behaves correctly for thick and thin plate and shell situations. The element degenerates in an explicit manner to a simple discrete Kirchhoff form.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Interactive System Modeling for Teaching and Learning Based on Cognitive Web Services

The future of modern education and web-based learning is inherently associated with the advancement in modern technologies and computing capacities of new smart machines, such as artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a high-performance computing environment powered by special processors that use cognitive computing for machine learning and data analytics. There are major challenges in online or web-based learning, such as flexibility, student support, classification of teaching, and learning activities. Hence, this paper proposes smart web-based interactive system modeling (SWISM)based on artificial intelligence for teaching and learning. The paper aimed to categorize learners according to their learning skills and discover how to enable learners with machine learning techniques to have appropriate, quality learning objects. Furthermore, local weight, linear regression, and linear regression methods have been introduced to predict the student learning performance in a cloud platform.
Periventricular Leucomalacia

To be born prematurely in year 2007 is very different from being born prematurely one to two decades ago: the progress of fetal and perinatal care have, among others, decreased the mortality and morbidity among this group of neonates '4. As a result we have witnessed a new brigade of infants being ushered into our community belonging to groups of premature [<34 weeks gestation]. extremely premature [<28 weeks gestation]. very low birth weight [VLBW; < 1500gmsJand extremely low birth weight [ELBW; < 1000gms] neonates. We have also witnessed the various morbidities and new spectra of pathologies cropping up with these infants. Among the various morbidities associated with prematurity, the most sinister are neurological sequelae. Peri-Ventricular Leucomalacia [PVL] and Germinal MatrixIntraventricular hemorrhage [GMH-IVH] together aggregate the largest part of neurological lesions in premature infants '. The most commonly occurring lesion of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy [HIE] in preterm infants is PVL. The term refers to white [leukos] spots and softening [malacia] in the periventricular white matter caused by ischemia in water shed territory of the preterm brain. Though white matter damage in babies was observed by pathologists as early as 1867 when Virchow first described abnormal areas in the periventricular zone; the term PVL was coined in 1962 by Banker and Laroche who described the histology in 51 infants 6.
A note on the homology of ideals ǵenerated by three elements in local rings

In this note, I show that, if Q is a local ring and s an integer, 1 < s < codim Q, then there is an ideal As of Q, generated by three or fewer elements of Q, such that and that, if Q is not regular, then there is an ideal B of Q, generated by three or fewer elements and of infinite homological dimension over Q.
A novel NOx prediction model using the parallel structure and convolutional neural networks for a coal‐fired boiler

In this paper, a novel model with a parallel structure is proposed to predict NOx emissions from coal‐fired boilers by using historical operational data, coal properties, and convolutional neural networks. The model inputs are processed and passed into three parallel subnetworks with well‐designed building blocks. The features learned by the three subnetworks are fused and used to predict NOx emissions from a 330‐MW pulverized coal‐fired utility boiler. A comprehensive comparison of different prediction models based on deep learning algorithms shows that the prediction model proposed in this paper outperforms other prediction models in terms of root mean square error criteria. The results show that the parallel structure is key to obtaining accurate predictions while reducing model complexity. This suggests that the model's performance can be improved by designing the model architecture.
Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Autonomous Statistical Explanations and Natural Selection

In “Epiphenomenalism—the Do’s and the Don’ts”(2007) Shapiro and Sober (henceforth S/S) claim that Walsh, Ariew, Lewens, and Matthen (henceforth WALM) give an a priori defense of natural selection and drift as epiphenomenal and that this defense is mistaken. Contra S/S, we first argue that WALM’s explanatory doctrine does not require a defense of epiphenomenalism. We then defend WALM’s explanatory doctrine by arguing that the explanations provided by the modern genetical theory of natural selection are autonomous statistical explanations analogous to Galton’s explanation of reversion to mediocrity and an explanation of the diffusion of gases. We then argue that whereas Sober’s theory of forces is an adequate description of Darwin’s theory, WALM’s explanatory doctrine is required to understand how the modern genetical theory of natural selection explains large-scale statistical regularities. One natural way of accommodating these examples is as follows: the common element in many forms of explanation, both causal and noncausal, is that they must answer what-if-things-had-been-different questions. When a theory tells us how Y would change under interventions on X, we have (or have the material for constructing) a causal explanation. When a theory or derivation answers a what-if-things-had-been-different question but we cannot interpret this as an answer to a question about what would happen under an intervention, we may have a noncausal explanation of some sort. (Woodward 2003, 221)
The effect of quantum dispersion on laboratory feedback optimal control

Abstract The effect of quantum dispersion (i.e. a multitude of quantum states corresponding to each value of an observable) on laboratory feedback optimal control is studied. It is shown by numerical and analytical means that including the variance of the observable in the objective functional as well as the presence of modest noise in the controls can steer the system into a low-variance quantum state or, if possible, into an eigenstate of the observable.
363 Hz Oscillations during the Rising Phase of Bursts from 4U 1728–34: Evidence for Rotational Modulation

We report a study of the temporal and spectral characteristics of the rising portions of X-ray bursts from 4U 1728-34 observed with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). We find that when oscillations are present during burst rise, their amplitudes systematically decrease as the X-ray burst flux increases, reaching undetectable levels near the burst peaks before eventually increasing again later in the burst. Oscillation amplitudes as high as 43% ± 12% are measured within the first 0.2 s of burst onset and have pulse shapes consistent with sinusoids. Spectral analysis indicates that the rises are substantially underluminous compared with those at intervals later in the burst with similar measured blackbody temperatures; this argues that the thermonuclear burning is nonuniform during burst rise and spreads to encompass the star in 0.5 s. Thus, rotational modulation of the expanding hot spot should be expected, assuming that the viewing geometry is favorable. We present the results of theoretical calculations of the light curve from a rotating neutron star with such a growing hot spot and show that this model can account for both the observed initial pulsation amplitudes and their subsequent decrease during the rising phase. We argue that these results provide strong evidence in favor of the rotational modulation hypothesis for the millisecond oscillations seen during X-ray bursts with RXTE.
Uso del paisaje urbano por el Estornino Pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) durante las etapas reproductiva y no reproductiva

El Estornino Pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) es una de las especies invasoras más perjudiciales del mundo debido a los impactos económicos y ecológicos que produce en las regiones que ha invadido. En el Cono Sur su distribución está en expansión, aunque varios aspectos de su ecología en esta región son poco conocidos. Con el objetivo de estudiar el uso del paisaje urbano por parte del Estornino Pinto en la ciudad de La Plata (Argentina) durante las épocas reproductiva y no reproductiva, analizamos el uso de huecos para nidificar y su relación con la cobertura de edificios y arbórea. Además, evaluamos diferencias en el número de estorninos entre las especies de plantas utilizadas como dormideros comunales. De 98 nidos, el 53.1% se ubicó en construcciones humanas, 29.6% en plantas (5 en huecos construidos por carpinteros), y 17.0% en nidos de Hornero (Furnarius rufus). La densidad de nidos en huecos de árboles y palmeras se relacionó positivamente con la cobertura de “árboles + palmeras” y de edificios. De 73 dormideros, la mayoría se ubicaron en Palmera Canaria (Phoenix canariensis) (52.0%) y Ciprés (Cupressus sp.) (30.1%), y en menor medida, en Pino (Pinus sp.) (13.7%). Detectamos una relación positiva entre el número de estorninos, el diámetro mayor y volumen de copa del dormidero. Además, el número de individuos que arribaban al dormidero mostró un pico alrededor de las 18:00 h. Nuestros resultados indican que los ambientes urbanos brindan recursos claves para la reproducción y refugio del Estornino Pinto en la región, los cuales facilitarían la expansión de su área de distribución.
A Review of the State of the Art of Data Quality in Healthcare

Effective implementation of strategic data-driven health analysis initiatives is heavily dependent on the quality of the electronic medical records that serve as the foundation from which to improve clinical decisions and, in turn, the quality of care. Although there is a large body of research on the quality of healthcare data, a systematical understanding of the methods used to address the issues of data quality is missing. This study analyzes research articles in health information systems/healthcare informatics on data quality to derive a set of dimensions for understanding data quality. Issues related to each dimension are identified and methods used to address them summarized. The issues and methods can inform healthcare professionals of how to improve data practices.
On the rotation of the Sun

An asymptotic method is developed to estimate the rotational splitting of sectoral five-minute solar oscillations. Integral formulae are obtained which can be inverted to yield the variation with depth of the Sun’s angular velocity near the equatorial plane. The result is a functional of smoothed data, and does not rely on a detailed theoretical model of the Sun. The method has been tested with artificial data (computed from a theoretical solar model) of a kind similar to some real solar data obtained recently by Duvall & Harvey (Nature, Lond. 310, 19 (1984)). The results are encouraging, for they reproduce at least the broadest feature of the somewhat arbitrary angular velocity with which the theoretical model was endowed. When applied to the real data, the method yields a result similar to that derived by Duvall et al. (Nature, Lond. 310, 22 (1984)) by another procedure.