Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Fully-Integrated 40 nm CMOS 58.1% PAE Push-Pull Class-E/Fodd Power Amplifier for NB-IoT Applications

This paper presents the design of a fully-integrated push-pull class- $\mathrm{E}/\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{o}}$ power amplifier (P A) for NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT). A cascode switch is utilized with source switching instead of gate switching to accommodate the high drain voltage stress. The design of the proposed P A is implemented using a 40 nm CMOS process with a 3.3 V supply for the core and a 1.2 V supply for the driver stage. Post-layoyt simulations show that the P A achieves peak power added efficiency (PAE) of 58.13 % at the peak output power of 31.12 dBm for the target frequency band 824–849 MHz. It also achieves a linear performance for the non-constant envelope signal imposed by the Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) with an average power added efficiency of 43.85 %.
A 6.78 MHz Maximum Efficiency Tracking Active Rectifier with Load Modulation Control for Wireless Power Transfer to Implantable Medical Devices

This paper presents a novel integrated wireless power transfer receiver for implantable medical devices, including a load-modulation feedback loop and an active rectifier with maximum efficiency tracking technique. The feedback loop enables the control of the power delivered to the load by means of a frequency modulation of the receiver load, introducing an efficiency loss of only 1.64 %. The active rectifier maximizes the efficiency of the link through a second feedback calibration loop of the off-transition of the active diodes, showing a Voltage Conversion Ratio of 0.98 and a Power Conversion Efficiency between 0.86 and 0.91 for a wide range of load conditions. The chip was designed in the 180 nm BCD-on-SOI XFAB technology and evaluated with accurate electrical simulations and Monte Carlo runs.
Hybrid Indoor Positioning Method of BLE and PDR Based on Adaptive Feedback EKF With Low BLE Deployment Density

Location-based service (LBS) has gradually penetrated into all aspects of human life. The current indoor positioning algorithms include triangulation, least squares, fingerprint, maximum likelihood estimation, and so on. These positioning algorithms have requirements for the deployment density of the access point (AP). Since the AP deployment density is directly related to the equipment cost, the AP-based positioning method has a high-cost problem that cannot be ignored. Furthermore, the positioning accuracy of traditional algorithms will sharply decline in the positioning field with low AP deployment density. In order to solve the positioning problem in application scenarios with low AP deployment density, this article proposes a hybrid indoor positioning method of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) based on the adaptive feedback extended Kalman filter (AFEKF). The AFEKF algorithm uses an adaptive feedback EKF to deeply fuse the position of the BLE, the range measurement, and the result of PDR localization, making full use of the information of the BLE (the position, the orientation, and the range measurement) instead of only the range measurement. The range measurement is deeply fed back to the estimated position, thus adaptively adjusting the position estimate at the next moment, making the position estimate more accurate and the algorithm more robust. Experiments in large underground parking lots show that the AFEKF algorithm proposed in this article can achieve high-precision and low-cost indoor positioning, and effectively solve the positioning problem in open scenes with low AP deployment density.
A Method to Generate a Borehole Wall Panorama using Borehole Camera Images and Visual SLAM

In the drilling survey, there is a technique called borehole imaging, which examines the internal ground structure and the presence or absence of faults based on the unfolded panorama created by processing the borehole images taken by a camera. When we investigate the underground to prevent disasters such as landslides, it is desirable to use a portable and simple system including a monocular camera because we set up the system on the mountain slope. The problem with the monocular camera system is that the camera moves off the hole center and rotates around the hole axis. In order to generate the accurate unfolded images, it is necessary to obtain information about the accurate center and orientation of the camera moving inside the hole. For this purpose, we have developed a system to simultaneously estimate the camera pose and the hole center by applying SLAM technology to forward-looking images obtained from a monocular camera.
Thin films of Pd/Ni alloys for detection of high hydrogen concentrations

Thin alloy films of Pd and Ni (8%<Ni<20% in at. %) formed by dual‐electron‐beam evaporation techniques have been found to give durable and quickly reversible detectors of high H2 concentrations (pH2 0.1%–100%, 0.7–700 Torr) near 1 atm and 300 K, including accurate determinations of pH2 around the lower explosive limit of 4% in air. The addition of Ni suppresses the α to β phase transition found in pure Pd under these conditions. The measurement of resistivity changes in the thin films along with flatband shifts of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor capacitors on the same Si wafer gives accurate values of pH2 over more than six decades.
Undernutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers in rural Yilmana Densa District, Northwest Ethiopia: A community‐based cross‐sectional study

Abstract Undernutrition is continued to be significant public health problem worldwide. The extra calories and nutrients required to support breastfeeding make lactating mothers at higher risk of malnutrition than general population. Undernourished lactating mothers have also been found to influence both the quantity and quality of breast milk and then the nutritional and health status of their offspring. Different evidence showed that undernutrition among lactating mothers is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia in which one of every four lactate mothers are undernourished. Despite this fact, the prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women in Ethiopian was not well investigated and very limited number of studies are conducted. This study aims to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among lactating mothers in rural Yilmana Densa District, Northwest Ethiopia. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted among 428 lactating mothers. The data were collected by using interviewers administered structured questionnaire; and also, anthropometric measurements were taken from the study participants. Binary logistic regression model was undertaken to identify significantly associated factors with undernutrition. The prevalence of undernutrition among lactating mothers was 22.6%. Household income, food security status, dietary diversity score, number of meals, potable water source, and latrine facility were found to be significantly associated with undernourishment of lactating mothers. A significant proportion of lactating mothers in the district suffered from undernutrition and hence, to improve nutritional status of lactating mothers, strategies should focus on nutrition counseling, advancing diversified production and consumption, improvement of access to potable water and latrine, as well as effective household food security interventions.
A survey for high optical polarization in quasars with core-dominant radio structure : is there a beamed optical continuum ?

129 new optical linear polarization measurements of 84 quasars (defined as starlike on Sky Survey prints) are presented. 23 new highly polarized objects (p > 3%) were discovered, of which 14 are known to have broad emission lines. This represents a significant increase in the numbers of these objects that were known. With the addition of data from the literature, our measurements constitute well-defined samples of flat-spectrum core-dominant radio quasars brighter than about 18 mag, one selected from the list published by Perley (1982, AJ, 87), and another from that by Kuhr et al. (1981)
High-Efficiency Single-Layer Planar Ultra-Wideband Antenna

A low profile, single layer, light weight ultra-wide band (UWB) antenna is introduced in this work. The design method depends on a main (primary) printed patch capacitively coupled to secondary parasitic patches. The whole design dimensions are 35 × 39.4 × 0.5 mm. The main patch is fed with coplanar waveguide (CPW). The main patch is constructed as a perforated circle with four quarter-circle sector holes over a roger RO3003 substrate with real permittivity εr = 3 and height h = 05m 0.5 mm. The parasitic elements are six equal small circles coupled to the primary patch through a gap. The whole antenna structure and the CPW feed line are printed on the same side of the substrate and the other side has no conductor (no ground plane). The antenna is fabricated and its parameters are measured experimentally. The reflection coefficient, radiation pattern and radiation efficiency are measured within the antenna operating band 2.9 –10.7 GHz. The measurements and the electromagnetic simulations are compared showing good agreement.
E‐optimal designs for regression models with quantitative factors— a reasonable choice?

For regression models with quantitative factors it is illustrated that the E‐optimal design can be extremely inefficient in the sense that it degenerates to a design which takes all observations at only one point. This phenomenon is caused by the different size of the elements in the covariance matrix of the least‐squares estimator for the unknown parameters. For these reasons we propose to replace the E‐criterion by a corresponding standardized version. The advantage of this approach is demonstrated for the polynomial regression on a nonnegative interval, where the classical and standardized E‐optimal designs can be found explicitly. The described phenomena are not restricted to the E‐criterion but appear for nearly all optimality criteria proposed in the literature. Therefore standardization is recommended for optimal experimental design in regression models with quantitative factors. The optimal designs with respect to the new standardized criteria satisfy a similar invariance property as the famous D‐optimal designs, which allows an easy calculation of standardized optimal designs on many linearly transformed design spaces.
Exact and avoided crossings of adiabatic hyperspherical potential curves

Exact crossing of potential curves related to the adiabatic hyperspherical (AH) approach to a three‐body Coulomb system is studied. Analytic structure of the AH potential curves, harmonics, and coupling matrix elements near crossing points in the complex plane of hyperradius is investigated. Results are applied to derive some basic features of avoided crossings of the AH potential curves at real hyperradii.
Machine Learning Methods for Secure Internet of Things Against Cyber Threats

Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of devices that can communicate with each other with little human input. IoT is the rapid-growth segment of computing, but it is also one of the most susceptible to cyber-attacks. Practical countermeasures to safeguard IoT networks, for instance network anomaly monitoring, must be devised. While attacks cannot be completely prevented, early identification is critical for effective protection. Because IoT devices have limited storage and processing power, typical most sophisticated security solutions are ineffective. Also, IoT devices now connect automatically for longer durations. This necessitates clever network-based security solutions like machine learning. Although numerous studies have recently examined the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in attacks detection, a small attention is to be paid for detecting the attacks in IoT networks. We want to add to the field by testing several machine learning techniques for detecting IoT network attacks. The Bot-IoT dataset is used to test detection methods. For implementing the system, various machine learning algorithms are deployed, most of which performed well. During deployment, additional characteristics were collected from the Bot-IoT dataset and compared to existing research, with superior results.
A Switched-Capacitor Hybrid Quadratic Buck Converter for 48V-Input Wide-Range Conversion

This paper presents a switched-capacitor hybrid quadratic buck converter (HQB) with a wide conversion range achieving reduced inductor loss. In contrast to a conventional two-stage buck converter, the proposed topology features a lower inductor current using the same number of power components due to the property of multi-path output charge conduction. Implemented by commercial GaN switches, the proposed HQB converter reduces the inductor loss from 67.7% to 35.1% of the total loss power when compared with the two-stage buck. Under a 48V input, simulation results show a peak efficiency of 97.2% at a 20-V, 1.5-A output, and 91% at a 5-V, 1.5-A output. The maximum output power can be up to 100W.
Evidence of Exchange-Bias-Like Phenomenon in GdFe /TbFe/ GdFe Domain Wall Junctions

An exchange-bias-like phenomenon has been observed in amorphous GdFeTbFeGdFe trilayers called domain wall junctions. They show classical ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic behavior, and particularly, a characteristic hysteresis loop shift. The bias-like field is attributed to the occurrence of domain walls (DWs) at the interface which can be compressed or decompressed by the external field. We show convincing evidence of these DWs from ac-susceptibility measurements. An evaluation of the bias field is proposed
Ultrasound-Guided Interpectoral and Pectoserratus Plane Blocks in Breast Surgery: An Alternative Option to General Anaesthesia in an Elderly Woman with a Complex Medical History

With an incidence of over 1.5 million worldwide per annum, breast cancer continues to be the most common cancer affecting the female population. The main and most effective treatment in over 40% of these patients is a primary neoplasm resection. General anaesthesia, at times in association with loco-regional anaesthetics, is the most commonly used anaesthesia technique for radical mastectomies. Nausea, vomiting, and considerable postoperative pain, which are commonly experienced side effects and complications of general anaesthesia, tend, however, to augment most patients’ post-surgical morbidity. A growing body of research has shown that loco-regional anaesthesia often used together with and, in some cases, in the substitution of general anaesthesia can be a safe, effective alternative. This work is a case report regarding a 94-year-old elderly patient who was anaesthetised during a left radical mastectomy using exclusively combined interpectoral and pectoserratus plane blocks.
Amorphization of transition metal Zr alloys by mechanical alloying

Amorphous alloy powders of the types NiZr, CoZr, FeZr, and CuZr are produced by mechanical alloying from crystalline elemental powders. The alloying and amorphization process is monitored by microstructural investigations, x‐ray diffraction, and, where applicable, by magnetization measurements. The crystallization temperatures, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, are comparable to those measured for rapidly quenched and solid state reacted amorphous metals of the same compositions.
Concise and scale-specific extraction of biomedically relevant information from visual evoked potential signals: combining factor analysis with wavelet decomposition

The nervous system possesses an intrinsic multiscale organization of processing systems. Evoked potentials (EPs) and other neurometric signals contain corresponding multiscale information about the normal and disordered functioning of the nervous system. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) explicitly distinguishes among multiple scales of waveform structure, and can be used to decompose EPs in a manner that respects this intrinsic organization. In this paper we provide evidence for the multiscale structure of EPs. We demonstrate that EPs contain scale-specific information of biomedical, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological relevance. Finally, we show that the DWT provides information about small-scale phenomena that is inaccessible by standard neurometric waveform analysis techniques.
Non-normality and nonlinearity in combustion–acoustic interaction in diffusion flames

The role of non-normality and nonlinearity in flame–acoustic interaction in a ducted diffusion flame is investigated in this paper. The infinite rate chemistry model is employed to study unsteady diffusion flames in a Burke–Schumann type geometry. It has been observed that even in this simplified case, the combustion response to perturbations of velocity is non-normal and nonlinear. This flame model is then coupled with a linear model of the duct acoustic field to study the temporal evolution of acoustic perturbations. The one-dimensional acoustic field is simulated in the time domain using the Galerkin technique, treating the fluctuating heat release from the combustion zone as a compact acoustic source. It is shown that the coupled combustion–acoustic system is non-normal and nonlinear. Further, calculations showed the occurrence of triggering; i.e. the thermoacoustic oscillations decay for some initial conditions whereas they grow for some other initial conditions. It is shown that triggering occurs because of the combined effect of non-normality and nonlinearity. For such a non-normal system, resonance or ‘pseudoresonance’ may occur at frequencies far from its natural frequencies. Non-normal systems can be studied using pseudospectra, as eigenvalues alone are not sufficient to predict the behaviour of the system. Further, both necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of a thermoacoustic system are presented in this paper.
Identifying Contextual Information in Document Classification using Term Weighting

Document classification particularly in biomedical research plays a vital role in extracting knowledge from medical literature, journal, article and report. To extract meaningful information such as signs, symptoms, diagnoses and treatments of any disease by classification, the context needs to be considered. The need to automatically extract key information from medical text has been widely accepted and it has been proven that search based approaches are limited in their ability. This paper presents a novel method of information identification for a particular disease using Gaussian Naïve Bayes and feature weighting approach that is then classified by the context. It is useful to enhance the effectiveness of analytics by considering the importance of the term as well as the probability of every feature of the disease during classification. Experimental results show that our method upgrades performance of classification system and is an improvement from traditional classification system.
A Pivotal Allocation-Based Algorithm for Solving the Label-Switching Problem in Bayesian Mixture Models

In Bayesian analysis of mixture models, the label-switching problem occurs as a result of the posterior distribution being invariant to any permutation of cluster indices under symmetric priors. To solve this problem, we propose a novel relabeling algorithm and its variants by investigating an approximate posterior distribution of the latent allocation variables instead of dealing with the component parameters directly. We demonstrate that our relabeling algorithm can be formulated in a rigorous framework based on information theory. Under some circumstances, it is shown to resemble the classical Kullback-Leibler relabeling algorithm and include the recently proposed equivalence classes representatives relabeling algorithm as a special case. Using simulation studies and real data examples, we illustrate the efficiency of our algorithm in dealing with various label-switching phenomena. Supplemental materials for this article are available online.
Examining the Auditory Selective Attention Switch in a Child-Suited Virtual Reality Classroom Environment

The ability to focus ones attention in different acoustical environments has been thoroughly investigated in the past. However, recent technological advancements have made it possible to perform laboratory experiments in a more realistic manner. In order to investigate close-to-real-life scenarios, a classroom was modeled in virtual reality (VR) and an established paradigm to investigate the auditory selective attention (ASA) switch was translated from an audio-only version into an audiovisual VR setting. The new paradigm was validated with adult participants in a listening experiment, and the results were compared to the previous version. Apart from expected effects such as switching costs and auditory congruency effects, which reflect the robustness of the overall paradigm, a difference in error rates between the audio-only and the VR group was found, suggesting enhanced attention in the new VR setting, which is consistent with recent studies. Overall, the results suggest that the presented VR paradigm can be used and further developed to investigate the voluntary auditory selective attention switch in a close-to-real-life classroom scenario.
Vibration of a Chain with Nonlinear Interaction

Vibration of a chain of particles interacting by nonlinear force is investigated. Using a transformation exact solutions to the equation of motion are aimed at. For a special type of interaction potential of the form \begin{aligned} \phi(r){=}\frac{a}{b}e^{-br}+ar+\text{const. },\ (a,b{>}0) \end{aligned} exact solutions are actually obtained in terms of the Jacobian elliptic functions. It is shown that the system has N “normal modes”. Expansion due to vibration or “thermal expansion” of the chain is also discussed.
Hamstrings on Morphological Structure Characteristics, Stress Features, and Risk of Injuries: A Narrative Review

Hamstring injury has been considered one of the most common exercise-induced injuries in sports. Hamstring injuries mostly occur proximal to the biceps femoris. However, the reasons and mechanisms remain unclear. To summarize hamstring morphological structure features and what the relationship is between their structure and risk of injury from the current literature, this review discussed the possible injury mechanism of hamstrings, from the morphological and connected pattern diversity, the mechanical properties, and the stress–strain performance, to probable changes in action control. Morphological and connected pattern diversity of hamstrings components show heterogeneous loads under muscle tension. Connections of gradient compliance between different tissues may lead to materials’ susceptibility to detachments near the tendon–bone junction sites under heterogeneous load conditions. The hamstrings muscle’s motor function insufficiency also brings the risk of injury when it performs multi-functional movements during exercise due to the span of multiple joints’ anatomical characteristics. These structural features may be the primary reason why most damage occurs near these sites. The role of these biomechanical characteristics should be appreciated by exercise specialists to effectively prevent hamstring injuries. Future work in this research should be aimed at exploring the most effective prevention programs based on the material structure and motor control to enhance the properties of hamstring muscle materials to minimize the risk of injury.