Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low‐Volatility Vapors and New Particle Formation Over the Southern Ocean During the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition

During summer, the Southern Ocean is largely unaffected by anthropogenic emissions, which makes this region an ideal place to investigate marine natural aerosol sources and processes. A better understanding of natural aerosol is key to constrain the preindustrial aerosol state and reduce the aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty in global climate models. We report the concentrations of gaseous sulfuric acid, iodic acid, and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) together with a characterization of new particle formation (NPF) events over a large stretch of the Southern Ocean. Measurements were conducted on board the Russian icebreaker Akademik Tryoshnikov from January to March 2017. Iodic acid is characterized by a particular diurnal cycle with reduced concentration around noon, suggesting a lower formation yield when solar irradiance is higher. Gaseous MSA does not have a diurnal cycle and measured concentrations in gas and condensed phase are compatible with this species being primarily produced via heterogeneous oxidation of dimethyl sulfide and subsequent partitioning into the gas phase. We also found that NPF in the boundary layer is mainly driven by sulfuric acid but it occurred very rarely over the vast geographical area probed and did not contribute to the cloud condensation nuclei budget in a directly observable manner. Despite the near absence of NPF events in the boundary layer, Aitken mode particles were frequently measured, supporting the hypothesis of a free tropospheric source. Iodic acid and MSA were not found to participate in nucleation, however, MSA may contribute to aerosol growth via heterogeneous formation in the aqueous phase.
A novel single stage AC-DC self-oscillating series parallel resonant converter

This paper presents an improved self-sustained oscillating controller (SSOC) suitable for the single stage single-phase power factor correction circuits. It has a modified active controller, which improves the performance from no load up to full load. The steady state characteristics are developed, and a design example is given. The modified controller allows zero voltage switching (ZVS) at any loading condition with a reasonable power factor that satisfies the IEC standards together with a promising efficiency. MATLAB and PSIM simulation results assure the fulfillment of the design specifications.
Differential absorption lidar for water vapor isotopologues in the 1.98 μm spectral region: sensitivity analysis with respect to regional atmospheric variability

Abstract. Laser active remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor is a promising technology to complement passive observational means in order to enhance our understanding of processes governing the global hydrological cycle. In such context, we investigate the potential of monitoring both water vapor H216O and its isotopologue HD16O using a differential absorption lidar (DIAL) allowing for ground-based remote measurements at high spatio-temporal resolution (150 m and 10 min) in the lower troposphere. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis and an error budget for a DIAL system under development which will operate in the two-micron spectral region. This numerical study uses different atmospheric conditions ranging from tropical to polar latitudes with realistic aerosol loads. Our simulations show that the measurement of the main isotopologue H216O is possible over the first 1.5 km of atmosphere with a relative precision in the water vapor mixing ratio of < 1 % in a mid-latitude or tropical environment. For the measurement of HD16O mixing ratios under the same conditions, relative precision is shown to be of similar order, thus allowing for the retrieval of range-resolved isotopic ratios. We also show that expected precisions vary by an order of magnitude between tropical and polar conditions, the latter giving rise to reduced precision due to low water vapor content and low aerosol load. Such values have been obtained for a commercial InGaAs PIN photodiode, as well as temporal and line-of-sight resolutions of 10 min and 150 m, respectively. Additionally, using vertical isotopologue profiles derived from a previous field campaign, precision estimates for the HD16O isotopic abundance are provided.
Interferences suppression in data fusion systems

The paper considers the problem of interferences suppression by means of data fusion in multisensor systems. Main advantages of data fusion systems are presented. Basic architectures are described and practical issues of their use are discussed. Algorithms of data fusion with interferences suppression and simulation results are presented. Streszczenie. Artykul dotyczy problematyki estymacji w warunkach zaklocen. Skupiono sie na wykorzystaniu metod fuzji danych w systemach wielosensorowych. Zaprezentowano zalety takiego podejścia oraz podstawowe struktury. W artykule omowiono aspekty praktyczne stosowanych struktur. Przedstawiono rowniez algorytmy fuzji pomiarow i estymat z rozszerzeniem pozwalającym na prace w warunkach zaklocen. Efektywnośc metod pokazano na podstawie wynikow badan symulacyjnych. (Tlumienie zaklocen w systemach fuzji danych)
Relative performance of meat breeds of sheep in New Zealand and overseas

Overseas comparisons have indicated sheep breeds and strains with improved growth rates and lean meat production to those currently available in New Zealand. Most studies in U.K. and Eire have generally shown fastest growth and lean tissue gain amongst offspring by the large down breeds, the Suffolk and Oxford. These results are generally comparable with New Zealand studies. In addition, there has been considerable European interest shown in the Texel for its high yield of lean relative to fat and bone, including lean yield in high value areas of the carcass. The white fleece and moderate fecundity of this breed also favour its maternal use to improve flexibility of lean lamb production. In most studies in the U.S. crossbred lambs sired by Suffolk rams grew fastest to reach slaughter weights before other meat breeds. This breed is of widespread popularity for lamb production in the U.S. Indirect comparisons suggest a greater growth superiority (5%) of crossbred lambs sired by U.S. Suffolks overseas compared with those sired by New Zealand Suffolks in this country.
Input impedance of a probe‐fed superstrate‐loaded cylindrical‐rectangular microstrip antenna

A probe-fed superstrate-loaded rectangular microstrip antenna mounted on a cylindrical body is investigated by using a full-wave analysis and a moment-method calculation. Numerical results for the input impedance are calculated and the numerical convergence of the moment-method calculation is also shown. Variations of the input impedance with the superstrate thickness and curvature radius are presented and discussed. Both the HE01 and HE10 modes are studied. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three-dimensional climatology, trends and meteorological drivers of global and regional tropospheric type-dependent aerosols: Insights from 13 years (2007–2019) of CALIOP observations

Abstract. Globally gridded aerosol extinction data from the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) during 2007–2019 are utilized to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) climatological distribution of tropospheric type-dependent aerosols, and to identify the trends in column aerosol optical depth (AOD), partitioned within different altitude regimes, and their meteorological drivers. Using detection samples of layer aerosols, we also yield a 3D distribution of the frequency-of-occurrence (FoO) of aerosol sub-types classified by CALIOP. The results show that the aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC) shows contrasting vertical distribution patterns over land and ocean, with the former possessing significant geographical dependence, while the enhancement of AEC in the latter is mainly located below 1 km. The vertical structures of the type-dependent AECs, however, are strongly dependent on altitude. When the total AOD (TAOD) is partitioned into the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and the free troposphere (FT), results demonstrate that the PBL and FT contribute 61.86 % and 38.13 %, respectively, of the global tropospheric TAOD averaged over daytime and nighttime. Yet, this CALIOP-based partitioning of the different aerosol sub-types in the PBL and FT varies significantly. Among all 12 typical regions of interest analyzed, more than 50 % of TAOD is located in the lower troposphere (0–2 km), while the contribution is less than 2 % above 6 km. In global average terms, we found the aerosol FoO averaged over all layers is 4.45 %, with the largest contribution from ‘clean marine’ (1.79 %) and the smallest from ‘clean continental’ (0.05 %). Overall, the FoO vertical structures of the aerosol layer exhibit a distribution pattern similar to that of AEC. The resulting trend analyses show that CALIOP accurately captures significant regional anomalies in TAOD, as observed in other satellite measurements and aerosol reanalysis. Our correlation analysis between meteorological factors and TAOD suggests the interannual variability of TAOD is related to the variability of precipitation (PPT), volumetric soil moisture (VSM), and wind speed (WS) in the particular regions. For instance, the positive TAOD trend over the equatorial central Pacific is mainly attributable to the increased PPT and decreased WS. In contrast, in dry convective regions dominated by dust and smoke, the interannual variability/trend in TAOD is largely modified by the VSM driven by the PPT. Additionally, we further found these significant regional correlations are more robust within the PBL and significantly weakened or even reversed within the FT. This highlights the superiority of using the TAOD partitioned within the PBL as a proxy variable for the widely applied TAOD to explore the relationships between atmospheric pollution and meteorology.
Measuring Shear Wave Velocity in Laboratory to Link Small- and Large-Strain Behavior of Soils

Current geotechnical practice relies on empirical relationships with in situ tests to determine the effective stress strength parameters for dense, cohesionless soils. Although these methods work reasonably well in practice, they cannot account for in situ effects related to time, fabric, and cementation. These factors are especially important for brittle or sensitive soils, such as loess and cemented sands. To develop methods that can predict strength in these types of soils, a better understanding of the link between small- and large-strain behavior is needed. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the hypothesis that a unique relationship exists between the small-strain shear modulus (G0) and the effective stresses at failure (σ'1f) for dilatant soils. To accomplish this objective, isotropically consolidated–drained triaxial compression tests were performed, with shear wave velocity measured throughout the tests. The soils tested in this study included a quartz sand and nonplastic silt, and the results were compared with previous studies by the authors on weakly cemented sands. The findings showed that the G0/σ'1f ratio was approximately 200 6 20 for the three soils tested and was independent of density, degree of cementation, and confining stress. If true for other soils, this finding could have important implications for evaluating staged construction on sensitive soils and estimating the strength of dilative soils in situ.
Some Human Factors Aspects of Computer-Aiding Concepts for Air Traffic Controllers

This paper sets out the basic philosophy of a developing program of computer-aiding concepts for the controller's decision making. A brief review is given of early work on the computer-assisted approach sequencing (CAAS) concept for a major airport, and the main topic is the interactive conflict resolution (ICR) concept for assisting the en route controller in conflict detection and resolution. ICR is a predictive aid used interactively by the controller; the concept is described in detail. A real-time simulation experiment is reported, in which each of three pairs of controllers acted as an executive/support team in handling traffic samples in a busy sector. Objective records and subjective data suggest the effectiveness and acceptability of ICR. Further research on the controller's activities within, and attitudes toward, computer-based tasks is outlined.
Ethanol Gas Sensor Based on Self-Assembled Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Film

A multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) film-based sensor was fabricated using layer-by-layer self-assembly method, and its ethanol gas-sensing properties with varying gas concentration are characterized at room temperature. The experiment results shown that the layer-by-layer self-assembled MWNT film sensor exhibit a fast response and linear resistance change when exposed to ethanol gas, indicated a prospective application for ethanol gas detection with high performance and low-cost.
Performance analysis of a new structure for digital filter implementation

It is well known that for a digital filter of order n the number of nontrivial parameters in the classical optimal state-space realizations is proportional to n/sup 2/. In this paper, a new structure is proposed for digital filter implementation. This structure possesses 5n-1 nontrivial parameters and is shown to be equivalent to the discrete-time counterpart of the well-known orthonormal ladder filter. A new property of this ladder filter is revealed. The performance of the proposed structure is analyzed. Expressions for evaluating the sensitivity measure and the roundoff noise gain are derived. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the design procedure. Simulations show that the performance of the proposed structure is almost the same as that of the fully parameterized optimal realizations.
Swing and locomotion control for two-link brachiation robot

A mechanism and a control method of a two-link brachiation robot are described. The robot can generate motions by a heuristic method and locomotes with the trajectory and arm-direction feedback control. It controls the switching amplitude by a method based on parametric excitation. Experimental results of the swing and locomotion control of the robot using these methods are given. They enable the robot to catch its target and to continue locomotion from any initial states. <<ETX>>
MEDIUM VOLTAGE DRIVES: ARE ISOLATION TRANSFORMERS REQUIRED?

Traditionally isolation transformers are used on Medium Voltage Drives. Although this provides a means for reducing harmonics. reducing voltage stress on motors or provided a means to achieve a Medium Voltage drive utilizing Low Voltage cells, it increases the size, &st. complexity and losses of the drive system. With the implementation of alternative topologies and new Pulse Width Modulation switching patterns, these goals can be achieved without the use of an isolation transformer. The paper presents the topology and the techniques that can be utilized and proposes an overall ac drive system without the need for the transformer. Experimental results on a 600hp, 4160V drive are also included.
Static Balancing of Tensegrity Mechanisms

The computation of the equilibrium configurations of tensegrity mechanisms is often a very tedious task even for relatively simple architectures. However, it has been observed that the complexity of this problem is significantly reduced when gravitational loads are compensated with the use of static balancing techniques. In this work, the general static balancing conditions are adapted for the case of tensegrity mechanisms. Afterward, the modified conditions are applied to two new spatial three-degree-of-freedom tensegrity mechanisms.
[Factors associated with selection of breast-conserving surgery in early female patients with breast cancer].

Objective: To analyse the factors associated with the selection of breast- conserving surgery in early female patients with breast cancer. Methods: The targeted patients were females diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer and received surgical treatment at Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. The targeted patients' clinical, demographic, and social-economic characteristics were extracted from the hospital health information system. Relevant information of their attending surgeons was collected through a smart-phone based self-respond online survey. We performed multivariate logistic regression to explore the associated factors with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) decision-making. Results: The age of the patient and attending surgeon and the economic development level of the patient's residence area were the associated factors with BCS decision-making of female early-stage breast cancer. By controlling the other factors unchanged, patients from middle-income areas were more likely to accept BCS (OR=1.91, 95%CI: 1.01-3.62, P=0.05) than those from low-income areas. When the attending surgeon was at the average age of 45 years old, increasing of 1 year age of patient led to 4% decrease of the probability of BCS (95%CI: -0.07 - -0.01, P=0.01). When the patient was at the average age of 52 years old, increasing of 1 year age of the attending surgeon reduced 10% of the probability of BCS (95%CI: -0.19 - -0.01, P=0.03). The interaction effects related to the age of attending surgeon and patient for some observations to choose BCS were statistically significant, and the average interaction effect was 0.06% (Z=2.11, sx =0.000 3, P<0.05). Conclusion: To promote breast-conserving surgery in the indicated early female patients with breast cancer, it is necessary to consider factors from both the surgeons and the patients.
Affective touch topography and body image

Recent evidence suggests that altered responses to affective touch—a pleasant interoceptive stimulus associated with activation of the C-Tactile (CT) system—may contribute to the aetiology and maintenance of mental conditions characterised by body image disturbances (e.g., Anorexia Nervosa). Here, we investigated whether tactile pleasantness and intensity differ across body sites, and if individual differences in dysmorphic appearance concerns and body and emotional awareness might be associated with touch perceptions across body sites. To this end, we measured perceived pleasantness and intensity of gentle, dynamic stroking touches applied to the palm, forearm, face, abdomen and back of 30 female participants (mean age: 25.87±1.17yrs) using CT-optimal (3 cm/s) and non-CT optimal (0.3 and 30 cm/s) stroking touch. As expected, participants rated CT-targeted touch as more pleasant compared to the two non-CT optimal stroking touch at all body sites. Regardless of stroking velocity, touch applied to the abdomen elicited the lowest pleasantness ratings. Lower levels of emotional awareness, greater levels of interoceptive sensibility and of dysmorphic concerns were associated with lower preference for CT-optimal stroking touch applied to the forearm and the back. These findings begin to elucidate the link between CT sensitivity, dysmorphic appearance concerns and body and emotional awareness, which may have implications for future research looking to inform early interventions. Addressing impaired processing of affective interoceptive stimuli, such as CT-targeted touch, may be the key to current treatment approaches available for those populations at risk of disorders characterised by body image disturbance.
Review of menopause advice given to patients undergoing bilateral oophorectomy

The NICE Guideline (NG23) 2015 Menopause: Diagnosis and Management states that ‘women who are likely to go through the menopause as a result of medical or surgical treatment should be offered support and information about the menopause and fertility before they have their treatment, and a referral to a Health Care Professional with expertise in the menopause’. To investigate whether discussion about the surgery causing the menopause, and advice on possible treatments had been documented, I conducted a retrospective study of women undergoing bilateral oophorectomy at a central London teaching hospital from 1st April 2018 to 30th September 2018. Only 30% of women (8 out of 27) in this study had documentary evidence of having received menopause advice around the time of bilateral oophorectomy.
Definitive therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus with synchronous metastases – a report from the Danish Anal Cancer Group

Karen Lycke Wind , Eva Serup-Hansen , Birgitte Mayland Havelund , Lisbeth Riber, Camilla Jensenius Skovhus Kronborg , Anders Jakobsen and Karen-Lise Garm Spindler Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark; Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
The identification of nonlinear dynamic systems around operating points using neural networks

This paper discusses a method of modeling the dynamic relationships of a nonlinear time-invariant or slowly varying system, typical of those found in the petrochemical industry. A number of setpoints are identified, and linear models are constructed around these points. Every linear model is then used to construct a NARMAX model (nonlinear autoregressive moving average model with autogeneous inputs). Finally a chemical process is modeled to illustrate the concepts illustrated in this paper.
In-vitro antibiotic resistance phenotypes of respiratory and enteric bacterial isolates from weaned dairy heifers in California

Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be concerning for development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in respiratory and enteric bacteria of cattle. This study aimed to provide data regarding AMR in respiratory isolates, and identify relationships between respiratory and enteric AMD susceptibility, in weaned dairy heifers. A cross-sectional study was performed between June of 2019 and February 2020, on 6 calf rearing facilities in California. Deep nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs were collected from 341 weaned heifers and submitted for selective bacterial culture and AMR testing. Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Histophilus somni were selectively isolated from respiratory samples; Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were selectively isolated from rectal swabs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined for selected isolates against 19 AMD. The proportion of resistant isolates was calculated using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (respiratory) or USDA NARMS (enteric) breakpoints; when no applicable breakpoint was available, the distribution of MIC was described and compared. Association between AMR in a calf’s respiratory isolate and a higher or lower MIC of the matched enteric isolates was determined. More than 50% of P. multocida isolates were resistant to each of 7 AMD commonly used to treat BRD (florfenicol, gamithromycin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, danofloxacin, enrofloxacin and tetracycline). Resistance in respiratory isolates was only associated with higher matched enteric MIC for gamithromycin and tulathromycin. Multidrug resistance was reported in >70% of P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates. Antimicrobial resistance, including multidrug resistance, in respiratory isolates appears to be widespread in weaned dairy heifers; this finding has not previously been reported and raises concern for the future efficacy of AMD used to treat respiratory diseases in weaned dairy heifers. Enteric bacterial MIC appear to have limited direct association with respiratory isolate AMR classification.