Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Free-surface hydrodynamics of a submerged prolate spheroid in finite water depth based on the method of multipole expansions

Summary Free-surface hydrodynamics of a submerged elongated (prolate) spheroid in water of finite depth is considered by employing spheroidal harmonics and the method of multipole expansions. In particular, we present semi-analytic solutions for both the wave making resistance and wave diffraction fundamental problems. Although these two cases are generally treated separately, it is demonstrated here that by using the present general methodology, the analytic procedures of these two problems are quite similar and thus the corresponding solutions can be obtained by using almost a single effort. The motion of the prolate spheroid is rectilinear and steady in a direction parallel to the undisturbed free surface and rigid planar bottom. The ambient wave field is assumed to be monochromatic with an arbitrary inclination angle with respect to the body’s major axis. The Green’s function based solution, employs Havelock’s formula for the ultimate image singularity system which avoids redundant surface integrations and solving integral equations. Numerical simulations of the linearized Kelvin-Neumann problem for the hydrodynamic forces and moments exerted on the moving spheroid for different depths of submergence and flow parameters are presented and compared against the existing data, given mainly for spherical shapes. The present method is claimed to be simpler to implement and more versatile, yet more accurate with respect to existing codes. Aside from free surface hydrodynamics, it can be also extended to other harmonic practical problems involving interacting ellipsoidal geometries in confined domain.
Mice with IFN-γ Receptor Deficiency Are Less Susceptible to Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis

IFN-γ can either adversely or beneficially affect certain experimental autoimmune diseases. To study the role of IFN-γ in the autoantibody-mediated experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG), an animal model of myasthenia gravis in humans, IFN-γR-deficient (IFN-γR−/−) mutant C57BL/6 mice and congenic wild-type mice were immunized with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) plus CFA. IFN-γR−/− mice exhibited significantly lower incidence and severity of muscle weakness, lower anti-AChR IgG Ab levels, and lower Ab affinity to AChR compared with wild-type mice. Passive transfer of serum from IFN-γR−/− mice induced less muscular weakness compared with serum from wild-type mice. In contrast, numbers of lymph node cells secreting IFN-γ and of those expressing IFN-γ mRNA were strongly augmented in the IFN-γR−/− mice, reflecting a failure of negative feedback circuits. Cytokine studies by in situ hybridization revealed lower levels of lymphoid cells expressing AChR-reactive IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in AChR + CFA-immunized IFN-γR−/− mice compared with wild-type mice. No differences were found for AChR-reactive cells expressing IL-4, IL-10, or TGF-β mRNA. These results indicate that IFN-γ promotes systemic humoral responses in EAMG by up-regulating the production and the affinity of anti-AChR autoantibodies, thereby contributing to susceptibility to EAMG in C57BL/6-type mice.
Differential Expression and Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase α, β, γ, and δ in Inflammatory Cell Lineages

Four p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38α, β, γ, δ) have been described. To understand the role of p38 family members in inflammation, we determined their relative expression in cells that participate in the inflammatory process. Expression was measured at the level of mRNA by reverse-transcriptase PCR and protein by Western blot analysis. p38α was the dominant form of p38 in monocytes; expression of p38δ was low and p38β was undetected. In macrophages, p38α and p38δ were abundant, but p38β was undetected. p38α and p38δ were also expressed by neutrophils, CD4+ T cells, and endothelial cells. Again, p38β was not detected in neutrophils, although low amounts were present in CD4+ T cells. In contrast, p38β was abundant in endothelial cells. p38γ protein was not detected in any cell type, although p38γ mRNA was present in endothelial cells. Immunokinase assays showed a strong activation of p38α and a lesser activation of p38δ in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Abs specific for mono- and dual-phophorylated forms of p38 suggested that LPS induces dual phosphorylation of p38α, but primarily mono-phosphorylation of p38δ. IL-1β activated p38α and p38β in endothelial cells. However, p38α was the more activated form based on kinase assays and phosphorylation analysis. Expression and activation patterns of p38α in macrophages and endothelial cells suggest that p38α plays a major role in the inflammatory response. Additional studies will be needed to define the contribution of p38δ to macrophage, neutrophil, and T cell functions, and of p38β to signaling in endothelial cells and T cells.
Giant magnetoresistance in magnetic multilayered nanowires

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is observed in a new type of nanostructured material consisting of magnetic multilayered nanowires formed by electrodeposition into nanometer-sized pores of a template polymer membrane. The composition of these nanowires is modulated over nanometer length scales with distinct magnetic and nonmagnetic metallic layers. Magnetoresistance measurements with the current perpendicular to the layers were performed on the array of parallel nanowires. GMR of about 15% was observed at room temperature on Co/Cu multilayered nanowires. (C) 1994 American Institute of Physics.
Institutional Bioethical Malpractice at Spanish Public Hospitals

ABSTRACT Three recent studies carried out in the Spanish regions of Madrid, Valencia, and Murcia have shown that medical residents at public hospitals are systematically required to work for more than 48 hours a week. This practice is institutionalised, and there are indicators suggesting that it also occurs in other public hospitals throughout Spain. The obligation to work excessive hours has been shown to have harmful consequences for workers’ physical and psychological health while jeopardizing residents’ and patients’ safety. I argue that behaviours contrary to people’s health and safety imply bioethical and, in this case, institutional, malpractice.
Inelastic damage of RC slabs subject to blast loads using dynamic analysis: numerical model validation

- Due to sad historical events in last few years, structural integrity evaluation for structures damaged by explosions has become an interesting topic for the research community. Blasts may lead to unbalanced or even total collapse of buildings. Hence, accurately representing this action and its results on structures is of high interest. In this paper, a three-dimension (3-d) finite element analysis (FEA) of reinforced concrete (RC) slab subjected to close-in blasts is considered. The dynamic analysis submitted by ABAQUS/Explicit (2014). Abaqus/explicit uses a central difference rule to integrate the equations of motion explicitly through time. The air pressure wave propagation is simulated using built in Conventional Weapon Effect Program (CONWEP). CONWEP generate pressure-time history associated with charge weight in trinitrotoluene (TNT) and stand-off distance. The inelastic behavior of concrete and steel reinforced bars has been represented through concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model and Johnson-cook model, respectively. The obtained results, expressed in terms of maximum displacements, crack pattern and damage index are compared against a set of experimental results carried out from institute of technique physics, college of science, national university of defense technology, Changsha, human, China. A good agreement between the two approaches is observed up to 90%.
The Facet Approach to Optic Flow

Abstract : The facet approach requires low level image processing techniques to be based on fitting each local image neighborhood with a function and interpreting all processing in terms of what the processing does to this locally fit function. Using the facet approach the authors develop a different meaning of the usual optic flow equation. They show that it represents the intersection line of the isocontour plane with a successive image frame. The intersection line on the successive frame contains the possible match points. A unique match point can be selected by requiring it to have the same brightness as the given pixel. It is shown that this procedure amounts to assuming that all derivatives of third or higher order are negligible and that gray tone intensity and first partial derivatives in row, column, and time must match.
Relationship Between Autonomy Support Coaching Perceived by Taekwondo Athletes and Interruption Intention: Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence

Objective: This study aimed to examine the causal relationship between autonomy support coaching, emotional intelligence, and interruption intention as psychosocial variables among current taekwondo athletes in Korea. Methods: In this study, 217 professional and university athletes registered with the Korea Taekwondo Association in 2020 were evaluated for autonomy support coaching, emotional intelligence, and interruption intention. SPSS 18.0 and Amos 18.0 were used to analyze the collected data. Results: Autonomy support coaching recognized by taekwondo athletes had a negative and positive effect on interruption intention and emotional intelligence, respectively. Moreover, emotional intelligence has a negative effect on interruption intention. The mediating effect was validated based on direct effects, which revealed that autonomy support coaching had a negative effect on interruption intention through emotional intelligence. Conclusions: This research data should be preceded by the autonomy support coaching of a coach to understand the technique of emotional intelligence of university and adult taekwondo athletes. Such outcomes can serve as a foundation for athletes to have the opportunity to participate in sports in a mature manner and promote positive changes in sports culture.
On the Rationality of the Zeta Function of an Algebraic Variety

Let p be a prime number, a2 the completion of the algebraic closure of the field of rational p-adic numbers and let A be the residue class field of Q. The field A is the algebraic closure of its prime subfield and is of characteristic p. If T* is the set of all roots of unity in a2 of order prime to p then the restriction of the residue class map to T* is a multiplicative isomorphism of T* onto the multiplicative group of R. The elements of T T* U {O} form the Teichmiiller representatives of A in Q2 and for each x C A the representative of x in Q will be understood to be the element of T in the class x. The non-archimedean valuation of 0 will be denoted by the ordinal function, abbreviated "ord ", and normalized by the condition ord p = 1.
Energy redistribution speech intelligibility enhancement, vocalic and transitional cues

Two novel speech enhancement algorithms are presented that automatically increase intelligibility in noisy environments while maintaining the signal power and naturalness of the original speech. These energy redistribution (ER) algorithms move signal energy to targeted regions of relatively high information content that are crucial for intelligibility. The boosted regions are originally of low energy and therefore usually the first segments lost with the addition of environmental noise. The ER voiced/unvoiced (ERVU) method transfers energy from voiced speech to regions of unvoiced speech, while the ER spectral transition (ERST) method moves energy from spectrally stationary regions to spectrally transitional regions. Hand‐held cell phones and public address systems are expected to be the dominant applications for these techniques. Standard noise reduction methods such as spectral subtraction are assumed to have already been applied to the voice signal before broadcast. Using human listening tests, it was .
Conductance Quantization in Bismuth Nanowires at 4 K

Conductance experiments on Bi nanowires at 4 K, obtained with a scanning tunneling microscope, are presented. The conductance of these Bi nanocontacts, formed between two Bi electrodes, exhibits plateaus at quantized values of G0 = 2e2/h, remaining basically constant during electrode separations of about 50 nm. This is the first time that such plateaus have been observed in semimetals. The histogram of conductance values, constructed with thousands of consecutive contact breakage conductance experiments, exhibits clear peaks at G0 and 2G0.
Sylvester’s identity and multistep integer-preserving Gaussian elimination

A method is developed which permits integer-preserving elimination in systems of linear equations, AX = B, such that (a) the magnitudes of the coefficients in the transformed matrices are minimized, and (b) the computational efficiency is considerably increased in comparison with the corresponding ordinary (single-step) Gaussian elimination. The algorithms presented can also be used for the efficient evaluation of determinants and their leading minors. Explicit algorithms and flow charts are given for the two-step method. The method should also prove superior to the widely used fraction-producing Gaussian elimination when A is nearly singular. I. Sylvester's Identity and the Evaluation of Determinants. Let A be a square matrix of order n with elements aij and determinant IA . Partition A and factor by block triangularization such that A = 12 A11O" (I A71A12 A :lA2 = ~I( A22A2A A-1A ) ' V21A22/ V 21/O A2where A11 is a nonsingular square matrix of order k. Then (1) IAl = JA11J * 1A22A21AI1A12I Multiplying both sides by IA ,I n-k-1, Eq. (1) becomes (2) IA 11n-k-1JAI = JA11l *(A22-A21Aj11A12)lI because the second determinant on the right side of (1) is of order (n -k). We introduce the notation all a12 . alk a a2l a22 . a2k a2J (3) akj = . (k 1) by (6). If we calculate the elements of a row, which means that i will be fixed, the determinant in (6) can be expanded by the last column. We see then that the cofactors of al are common to each element of the row and therefore must be calculated but once for each row. Indeed, the cofactor of a~l) is even independent of both i and j. After the cofactors are determined, there will be only (k 1 + 1) multiplications necessary to advance from a~(.) to a~j). If we choose to calculate the new elements of a column instead of a row, which means that j will be fixed instead of i, the determinant in (6) can be expanded by the last row and conclusions corresponding to those above can be reached also. Furthermore, all the cofactors are divisible by [a('l) kl. This is obvious for the cofactor of a~l) because it follows from (6) for a("). For the rest of the cofactors, it is sufficient for the proof to note that since interchanging rows or columns does not affect the absolute value of a determinant, the matrix A could have been arThis content downloaded from 157.55. 39.104 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:38:21 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms SYLVESTER'S IDENTITY 567 ranged so that any one of the border elements a Y) or a('? (I + 1 _ m _ k) takes the place of the present corner element a (). Thus, a. could be calculated by an integer-preserving recurrence formula of the form k (9) a, = ckkaij + E Cmjamj/ a1l m= 1+1
Fast convergence algorithms for active noise control in vehicles

When the reference signal for the FXLMS algorithm is taken from an acoustic sensor, convergence can be very slow due to great eigenvalue spread. Using a nonacoustic sensor, such as a tachometer, cancellation of narrow‐band noise in the sensed fundamental frequency and harmonically related ones can be achieved very fast, although other periodic noises and the underlying broadband noise will remain. Backward prediction errors resulting at the various stages of an adaptive lattice predictor (ALP) represent a time‐domain orthogonalization of the input signal. An ALP structure, with the acoustic reference as input signal, before a FXLMS, makes up the FXGAL algorithm. Due to orthogonalization, FXGAL is significantly faster compared to FXLMS with reference from a microphone. When compared to FXLMS with a tachometer signal, it is not faster but it can cancel every periodic noise, independently of the harmonical relation between them, as well as the underlying broadband noise. Depending on the relative weights of .
Physical Geometry and Physical Laws

If any empirical determination of the geometry of physical space is at all possible, then it can be done only after one has introduced a standard of congruence. Apart from the trivial specification of units, this amounts to specifying what is to count as a rigid body and then specifying how such bodies are to be used to perform measurements. In order to define what is meant by a rigid body, however, one must take account of distorting influences on the body such as pressure, magnetic effects, temperature, etc. Unfortunately, the physical laws with which one does this, turn out themselves to involve the calculation of lengths, areas and volumes, and thus to presuppose some geometry. But now it appears that we have come full circle: in order to determine empirically the geometry of physical space we must at least specify our rigid bodies; to do this we need certain physical laws; but these laws already presuppose a geometry. This circularity throws doubts on the possibility of determining the geometry of space without presupposing a physical theory or at least a group of physical laws. If this were so we could not maintain the possibility of any distinctly geometrical knowledge of physical space apart from what is inherent in our physical laws and we could not refer to geometrical facts outside the framework of a physical theory. In order to avoid such conclusions in the third section of the article "Conventionalism in Geometry",' Adolph Griinbaumn offers a procedure for determining the geometry of space without presupposing any sophisticated physical laws. It is the major task of this paper to evaluate Griinbaum's procedure. In particular we shall exploit the analogy between the method offerred by Griinbaum to determine the geometry of physical space and the mathematical technique known as "Newton's method" for determining the zeros of a function. We hope that the use of the analogy will serve the dual purpose of highlighting some of the weak points in Griinbaum's procedure and of emphasizing the necessity for clearly distinguishing mathematical entities and operations from physical ones. Let us begin with mathematics and describe briefly Newton's method, without going into detail. Suppose that f is a real-valued function of a single real variable and suppose that by investigating the differentiability properties of f we can determine thatf has a zero on the interval [a, b]; i.e., that there is some number x lying between the numbers a and b for which f (x) = 0. Newton's method tells us that if certain conditions (again involving the differentiability of f ) hold, then we may determine the number x as follows: First choose any number x, in the interval [a, b] as a first approximation to x. Then perform certain specific and routine calculations with x0 . These calculations will produce another number x,, a second approximation to x. Repeat the calculations with x, to get a third approximation x2. Repeating the procedure over and over, one generates a sequence {x, , X3, I . } which converges to x. By choosing terms sufficiently far along in the sequence, one can approximate x to
A Variational Method for Estimating Surface Fluxes with Mass Conservation Constraint

AbstractOn the basis of the similarity theory of the atmospheric surface layer and the mass conservation principle, a new scheme using a variational method is developed to estimate the surface momentum and sensible and latent heat fluxes. In this scheme, the mass conservation is introduced into the cost function as a weak physical constraint, which leads to an overdetermined system. For the variational method with mass conservation constraint, only the conventional meteorological observational data are taken into account. Data collected in the Yellow River Source Region Climate and Environment Observation and Research Station at Maqu, China, during 11–25 August 2010 are used to test this new scheme. Results indicate that this scheme is more reliable and accurate than both the flux-profile method and the variational method without mass conservation constraint. In addition, the effect of the weights in the cost function is examined. Sensitivity tests show that the fluxes estimated by the proposed scheme are.
Unsupervised Adaptive Feature Selection With Binary Hashing

Unsupervised feature selection chooses a subset of discriminative features to reduce feature dimension under the unsupervised learning paradigm. Although lots of efforts have been made so far, existing solutions perform feature selection either without any label guidance or with only single pseudo label guidance. They may cause significant information loss and lead to semantic shortage of the selected features as many real-world data, such as images and videos are generally annotated with multiple labels. In this paper, we propose a new Unsupervised Adaptive Feature Selection with Binary Hashing (UAFS-BH) model, which learns binary hash codes as weakly-supervised multi-labels and simultaneously exploits the learned labels to guide feature selection. Specifically, in order to exploit the discriminative information under the unsupervised scenarios, the weakly-supervised multi-labels are learned automatically by specially imposing binary hash constraints on the spectral embedding process to guide the ultimate feature selection. The number of weakly-supervised multi-labels (the number of “1” in binary hash codes) is adaptively determined according to the specific data content. Further, to enhance the discriminative capability of binary labels, we model the intrinsic data structure by adaptively constructing the dynamic similarity graph. Finally, we extend UAFS-BH to multi-view setting as Multi-view Feature Selection with Binary Hashing (MVFS-BH) to handle the multi-view feature selection problem. An effective binary optimization method based on the Augmented Lagrangian Multiple (ALM) is derived to iteratively solve the formulated problem. Extensive experiments on widely tested benchmarks demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method on both single-view and multi-view feature selection tasks. For the purpose of reproducibility, we provide the source codes and testing datasets at https://github.com/shidan0122/UMFS.git.
A ultraviolet-visible-near infrared photodetector using nanocrystalline Si superlattice

We report a simple silicon/Si nanocrystal superlattice/indium tin oxide structure as a photodetector, which shows a very high photosensitivity in a wide wavelength range from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared. The fabrication of this photodetector structure is easily integrated into a standard process of Si microelectronics. The light and dark current versus voltage characteristics and photoluminescence of the photodetector show that the optical down-conversion of UV light by the superlattice layer is the main reason of the enhanced UV response.