Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel Indole Derivative as the First P-glycoprotein Inhibitor from the Skin of Indian Toad (Bufo melanostictus)

Objectives To study the inhibitory effect of novel indole derivative (NID) from Indian toad skin (Bufo melanostictus) on permeability glycoprotein (P-gp). Materials and Methods Dried Indian toad skin was used to isolate NID with column chromatography, and its structure was elucidated by infrared spectra, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 1H NMR spectra, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Female Wistar rats were used to determine LD50, in vitro permeability studies were done with the intestinal sac method, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were carried out to prove the P-gp inhibition using the rat model. Results The NID has shown increased clear permeability Papp (x10-6 cm/sec) significantly (p<0.001) from 1.04±0.11 to 2.90±0.08 in ileum 1.44±0.14 to 3.92±0.13 in jejunum this in vitro results confirmed that P-gp inhibited, this was further confirmed by in vivo studies in in vivo studies observed increased oral bioavailability of digoxin (DIG) significantly in NID treated groups from 3.26±0.25 to 7.47±0.18 ng/mL, the volume of distribution decreased from 232.56±64.59 to 86.57±7.04 L/kg. Area under the curve increased from 37.89±1.13 to 64.62±0.70 ng/mL/hr. This demonstrates NID increased the oral bioavailability of DIG significantly. Conclusion Many compounds were isolated from the Indian toad skin. This NID was not reported earlier. Results demonstrate NID increased the oral bioavailability of DIG significantly. The isolated NID from Indian toad skin proved as a potent P-gp inhibitor in both in vitro and in vivo studies, and further studies are needed to develop as a possible new drug candidate.
Party fragmentation and campaign spending: A subnational analysis of the German party system

Party finance allows elucidating parties’ behaviour in differing political and institutional contexts, yet only a few studies investigate expenditure patterns. Given that campaign activities are central for parties to fulfil their core functions in representative democracy, this study seeks to explain why parties invest in electoral campaigns to different degrees. We argue that high party fragmentation reinforces parties’ focus on electoral races in election years, a mechanism we refer to as the ‘campaign concentration effect’. By contrast, in less fragmented systems, parties invest more in campaigning on a continuous basis. A subnational analysis of the German party system between 2009 and 2017 provides evidence for this effect. Our results imply that growing party fragmentation nurtures parties’ efforts to succeed in elections, which is likely to intensify parties’ orientation towards short yet capital-intensive campaigns.
Fabrication and cell viability of injectable n-HA/chitosan composite microspheres for bone tissue engineering

Composite microspheres based on nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA)/chitosan (CS) with different weight ratios were fabricated by an emulsion method and using natural vanillin as a cross-linking agent. FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize their physico-chemical properties. Live-dead cell staining and MTT assay were used to evaluate cell viability and cytocompatibility. The results showed that the rod-like n-HA crystals could be incorporated into the CS matrix in a relatively high level up to 29.57 wt%. The encapsulation efficiency of n-HA in the composite microspheres was between 29.50–73.93%. The composite microspheres with a diameter of 10.9–55.0 μm and good swelling properties should be easy to inject into irregular bone defects. The studies of in vitro biodegradation and cell culture using MG63 cells demonstrated that the vanillin-crosslinked n-HA/CS microspheres could be degraded in a sustained and controlled behavior while supporting cell growth, thus acting as worthy candidates for a multifunctional injectable matrix in bone tissue engineering.
The strengths and pitfalls of Edmodo to Indonesian EFL learners: Student and teachers’ voices

The Covid-19 pandemic impacted Indonesia's education system to change the teaching and learning activities rapidly. Edmodo is one of the Learning Management System (LMS) platforms widely used for English teaching and learning in Indonesia. Previous studies about Edmodo focus on the positive impact of Edmodo on the student's competence and performance. However, few studies discuss the pitfalls of Edmodo in EFL settings. A survey design was employed through the administration of the questionnaire. This survey research aims to investigate the strengths and the pitfalls of Edmodo to Indonesian EFL learners, particularly in the university context. Fifteen university students and ten lecturers were involved in the survey. The study results indicate that students and teachers have the same opinion about the strengths of Edmodo in terms of practicality and efficiency. However, a different opinion occurs on the use of Edmodo to complement face-to-face activity. Some teachers agree that Edmodo could not facilitate collaborative learning, but some lecturers said it was possible to do collaborative learning. Furthermore, students and teachers stated that the weaknesses of Edmodo need a good internet connection, especially for the quiz. This research, therefore, contributes some empirical insights into the use of Edmodo in English language teaching.
Cellulose Acetate Lamination: A Literature Review and Survey of Paper-Based Collections in the United States

Abstract Cellulose acetate (CA) lamination, a technique to strengthen documents by sealing them between sheets of thermoplastic film, was widespread from the 1930s to the 1990s. Its use gradually stopped in the 1980s amid concerns about the physical and chemical instability of the laminate and the degradation risks posed to the treated document. Despite concerns about CA lamination, no coordinated effort has taken place to establish the various materials and techniques used in cellulose acetate laminations or to determine the number and present condition of CA laminated documents in US collections. In this paper, we review the chemistry and methods used in CA lamination. We then report results of a survey of 52 US institutions with significant laminated collections. We find that at least 2.9 million laminated documents exist in US collections, and most of those documents are observed to be in stable condition. A majority of the institutions used cellulose diacetate (CDA) as the laminating film and as few as 0.6% CDA laminated documents have been delaminated. The results should aid institutions in determining the cost benefit in the management of these significant collections.
Video streaming over HTTP/2: Design and evaluation of adaptive server-paced push

By using the server push of the hypertext transfer pro-tocol (HTTP) version 2.0, i.e., HTTP/2, along with the technique of server pacing, a novel scheme is proposed in this paper to deliver video segments. Furthermore, the load of bitrate adaptation is shifted to the server to avoid bandwidth competition and wastage caused by bitrate switching. It can be explicitly shown that no significant overhead is brought by our proposed scheme via complexity analysis. Moreover, our proposed scheme generates one HTTP request only. With extensive simulations, we successfully demonstrate that it is superior over the closely related schemes in terms of the average achievable bitrate, the number of buffer stalls, the ratio of unclaimed pushes, etc., in particular, when a harsh network condition arises.
Influence Of Perceived Social Support On Career Decision -Making Self Efficacy Among Undergraduate Students

A career is an inevitable part of everyone's life. There are wide ranges of careers available. Choosing the right career is crucial for the students. A proper career may give job satisfaction and higher quality of life. Same way wrong career may give frustration and disappointment. Choosing the right career during the adolescent period is very important. Social support enhances self-efficacy and motivation. This study is administered with 50 male undergraduate students and 50 female undergraduate students to check whether social support influences career decision-making self-efficacy. The result shows that there is a positive correlation between social support and career decision-making self-efficacy and female students have more perceived social support than male students.
Integrated Biorefinery: High Value-Added Products from Agro-Industrial Residues

Every year, the anthropic activities generate thousands of tonnes of agro-industrial residues, which create serious disposal problems and have a very important economic and environmental impact. At this time, the most popular way of their disposing is degradation by biological and/or biochemical and/or thermal treatments; however, they often contain significant percentages of useful compounds that can be extracted and used in several sectors, thus representing an opportunity to be exploited through the development of eco-compatible/sustainable technologies with low environmental impact.
Influence of Soil Moisture and Crust Formation on Soil Evaporation Rate: A Wind Tunnel Experiment in Hungary

In both arid and semiarid regions, erosion by wind is a significant threat against sustainability of natural resources. The objective of this work was to investigate the direct impact of various soil moisture levels with soil texture and organic matter on soil crust formation and evaporation. Eighty soil samples with different texture (sand: 19, loamy sand: 21, sandy loam: 26, loam: 8, and silty loam: 6 samples) were collected from the Nyirseg region (Eastern Hungary). A wind tunnel experiment was conducted on four simulated irrigation rates (0.5, l.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mm) and four levels of wind speeds (4.5, 7.8, 9.2, and 15.5 m s−1). Results showed that watering with a quantity equal to 5 mm rainfall, with the exception of sandy soils, provided about 5–6 h protection against wind erosion, even in case of a wind velocity as high as 15.5 m s−1. An exponential connection was revealed between wind velocities and the times of evaporation (R2 = 0.88–0.99). Notably, a two-way ANOVA test revealed that both wind velocity (p < 0.001) and soil texture (p < 0.01) had a significant effect on the rate of evaporation, but their interaction was not significant (p = 0.26). In terms of surface crusts, silty loamy soils resulted in harder and more solid crusts in comparison with other textures. In contrast, crust formation in sandy soils was almost negligible, increasing their susceptibility to wind erosion risk. These results can support local municipalities in the development of a local plan against wind erosion phenomena in agricultural areas.
Antibacterial Potential of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Escherichia coli Isolated From Benha Hospital in Egypt

Introduction. Pomegranate is an old fruit which has many antimicrobial compounds. Impact of pomegranate peel extracts on Escherichia coli clinical isolate from Benha general hospital was investigated in this study. Material and Methods: pomegranate peel extraction was primed and GC/MS chromatogram analysis was carried out using the GC Agilent Technologies gas chromatography fitted with HP-5 fused silica column (25mm × 0.25mm, film thickness of 0.25 µm) and interfaced to the flame-ionization detector (FID). The antibacterial potential of Pomegranate peel extractions against E.coli sample was done using well diffusion method. Results: According to (GC/MS) technique, methanol and aqueous extracts of pomegranate peel have inhibitory effects on E. coli isolate. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of methanolic and aqueous extracts were 100 and 60 mg/L, respectively. In this study , the MICs values of Aqueous extract of pomegranate peel were higher than of methanolic extract of pomegranate peel (P<0.05). Zones of inhibition and values of MICs indicated that the aqueous extract of pomegranate peel had more effect on E. coli isolate than methanolic extract of pomegranate peel. Conclusion: In this study, the extraction of pomegranate peel has antibacterial effect on E.coli isolate. However, the aqueous extract had a higher effect on E.coli than the methanolic extract.
Evaluating General versus Singular Causal Prevention

Most psychological studies focused on how people reason about generative causation, in which a cause produces an effect. We here study the prevention of effects both on the general and singular level. A general prevention query might ask how strongly a vaccine is expected to reduce the risk of contracting COVID-19, whereas a singular prevention query might ask whether the absence of COVID-19 in a specific vaccinated person actually resulted from this person’s vaccination. We propose a computational model answering how knowledge about the general strength of a preventive cause can be used to assess whether a preventive link is instantiated in a singular case. We also discuss how psychological models of causal strength learning relate to mathematical models of vaccination efficacy used in medical research. The results of an experimentsuggest that many, but not all people differentiate between preventive strength and singular prevention queries, in line with the formal model.
Antibacterial activity of ajwain essential oil against some zoonotic bacteria

Summary Harmful pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi can cause different types of diseases in people and animals, ranging from mild to severe illness and even death. Due to the increasing frequency of antimicrobial resistance among germs causing zoonotic diseases, more studies have focused on the usage of natural agents against them. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of ajwain essential oil on some of the most common zoonotic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of ajwain essential oil was screened against Bacillus anthracis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia using disc diffusion method and broth microdilution assays. Ajwain essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against all the tested bacteria with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) at a range of 2.5 to 10 µg/ml for Gram-positives and 40 to 80 µg/ml for Gram-negatives and minimum biocidal concentration (MBC) at a range of 10-40 µg/ml for Gram-positives and 80 µg/ml for Gram-positives. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus anthracis were the most susceptible to this essential oil, respectively. The results suggest that the activity of ajwian essential oil can be mainly attributed to the presence of phenol, benzene methyl, γ-terpinene, and thymol which appears to possess similar activities against all the tested bacteria. In conclusion, this material could be served as an important natural alternative to prevent zoonotic bacterial growth.
Will Extended Adjuvant Temozolomide Treatment Confer a Survival Advantage As Compared to The Standard Six Cycles for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients?

Alia M. Attia Attia (  aliamohamadattia@yahoo.com ) Radiation Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University. Hanan A. Eltybe Eltybe Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University Marwa I. Abdelgawad Abdelgawad Clinical Oncology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University Mayada F. Sedik Sedik Medical Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University Abdelhakeem A. Essa Essa Neurosurgery Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University Mohamed M. El-Brody El-Barody Radiology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University Noha Mohamed Attia Attia Radiology Department, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut University
Age, Gender Prediction and Emotion recognition using Convolutional Neural Network

Automated age and gender detection has been generally used in our daily lives that we come across, majorly in a person to computer interaction, visual surveillance, biometric analysis, electronics and other applications of commercial use. By recognizing the emotions of a person, we can improve the recommendation system. The existing methods have quite satisfying performance on real-world images if facial expressions of input image is neutral or calm, it lacks significantly in age prediction when facial expressions are altered. The dataset was obtained from IMDb-WIKI for age-gender classification and Fer2013 dataset for emotion recognition from kaggle. This project has two models, one for age-gender prediction using wide resnet architecture and the other model is trained for emotion recognition using conventional CNN architecture. An improvement in the performance of these tasks was observed by using the convolutional neural-nets (CNN). The accuracy of the wide-resnet model is 96.26% and for the emotion recognition model, accuracy achieved is 69.2%.
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of chalcone derivatives

To synthesis a series of six chalcones that resemble those occur in nature and to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of these chalcones against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and fungi. Chalcones were synthesized from acetophenone and substituted benzaldehydes via the Claisen-Schmidt condensation and utilizing a green chemistry protocol using sodium carbonate as a catalyst in pure water with excellent yields. The antimicrobial evaluation was performed by filter paper disc plate method against selected microorganisms and using amoxicillin and fluconazole as standards. The structure of the synthesized derivatives has been characterized by elemental microanalysis (CHN), FTIR Spectroscopy, and other physicochemical properties. The antimicrobial evaluation of these synthesized chalcones revealed a promised antimicrobial activity. The ease of the synthesis and purification of these chalcones in addition to the observed high yields make this green protocol the most convenient, operative and environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of chalcones by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Chalcone derivatives have an excellent promise for further development as commercial antimicrobial agents.
Tribological Properties of a Self-Repairing Material: Functionalized Graphene/montmorillonite Nanosheets Lubricant Additives

The functionalized graphene/montmorillonite (FG/MTT) nanosheets were synthesized through chemically bonding by a simple, green method, which has remarkable dispersion stability in oil and its lubricating performance was evaluated by a four-ball tribometer. The test results show that FG/MTT has a preeminent lubricant property when the concentration is 0.4 mg/ml. Compared with the bare oil sample, its average friction coefficient (FC) and wear scar diameter (WSD) decrease by 50.4 % and 13.2 %, respectively. The synergistic effect between FG and MTT was further explored by comparing the lubricant mechanism of the different additives. After synthetically analyzing worn surface by means of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the lubrication mechanism of the FG/MTT nanocomposite as oil additive is discussed and postulated: The FG/MTT with weak interlayer adhesion is filled between the friction pairs to avoid contact and clinging of some asperities, and the sliding between the layers plays a role in lubrication. Furthermore, FG/MTT will react with the surface of the friction pair to form a repair layer composed of Fe2O3, SiC, SiO2, and aluminosilicate, mending the grinding surface and promoting the hardness after friction.
Thermally fully developed CNTs suspended nano fluid flow through annular sector duct

Here we simulate hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed carbon nano tubes, (CNTs) suspended nano fluid flow through annular sector duct. Hydrodynamic results are found by using no slip boundary condition on the solid walls of duct; whereas H1 and T thermally fully developed conditions are accounted to evaluate the thermal results. CNTs are considered to be single wall, (SW)/multi walls, (MW). Power-law discretized scheme is used to transform the non-linear cross sectional convection-diffusion terms in algebraic form by using the control volume based method. With the help semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations-revised, (SIMPLER), a system of discretized algebraic equations is solved. Forced convective flow is carried out for different annular configuration parameters and contribution of CNTs in base fluid (i.e. pure water) at Pr = 6.2. Limiting case friction factor and heat transfer results show good agreement with already published data.
WADE-Net: Weighted Aggregation with Density Estimation for Point Cloud Place Recognition

Point cloud based place recognition plays an important role in mobile robotics. In this paper, we propose a weighted aggregation method from structure information adaptively for point cloud place recognition. Firstly, to preserve the prior distributions and local geometric structures, we fuse learned hidden features with handcrafted features in the beginning. Secondly, we further extract and aggregate adaptively weighted features concerning density and relative spatial information from these fused features, named Weighted Aggregation with Density Estimation (WADE) module. Then, we conduct the WADE block iteratively to group the latent manifold structures. Finally, comparison results on two public datasets Oxford Robotcar and KITTI show that the proposed approach exceeds the comparison approaches on recall rate averagely 7% - 8%.
A comparative analysis of image copy-move forgery detection algorithms based on hand and machine-crafted features

Digital image forgery (DIF) is the act of deliberate alteration of an image to change the details transmitted by it. The manipulation may either add, delete or alter any of the image features or contents, without leaving any hint of the change induced. In general, copy-move forgery, also referred to as replication, is the most common of the various kinds of passive image forgery techniques. In the copy-move forgery, the basic process is copy/paste from one area to another in the same image. Over the past few decades various image copy-move forgery detection (IC-MFDs) surveys have been existed. However, these surveys are not covered for both IC-MFD algorithms based hand-crafted features and IC-MFDs algorithms based machine-crafted features. Therefore, The paper presented a comparative analysis of IC-MFDs by collect various types of IC-MFDs and group them rely on their features used. Two groups, i.e. IC-MFDs based hand-crafted features and IC-MFDs based machine-crafted features. IC-MFD algorithms based hand-crafted features are the algorithms that detect the faked image depending on manual feature extraction while IC-MFD algorithms based machine-crafted features are the algorithms that detect the faked image automatically from image. Our hope that this presented analysis will to keep up-to-date the researchers in the field of IC-MFD.
Determinants of Stock Prices: Evidence of Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

Objective – This study aimed to test and analyze the effect of the audit opinion, audit report lag, profitability, and leverage on stock prices in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period of 2012-2018, either simultaneously or partially. Design/methodology – A total of 55 manufacturing companies were the samples of this study, and they were collected using a purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. Results – This study indicates that simultaneously audit opinion, audit report lag, profitability, and leverage can affect stock prices. Partially, auditing report lag and profitability calculated using ROA can affect stock prices. Meanwhile, audit opinion and leverage partially do not affect stock prices. Contribution – this study provides evidence on the factors influencing the stock prices specifically within the environment of listed manufacturing companies in Indonesia.