Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASOD60K: Audio-Induced Salient Object Detection in Panoramic Videos

Exploring to what humans pay attention in dynamic panoramic scenes is useful for many fundamental applications, including augmented reality (AR) in retail, AR-powered recruitment, and visual language navigation. With this goal in mind, we propose PV-SOD , a new task that aims to segment salient objects from panoramic videos. In contrast to existing ﬁxation-level or object-level saliency detection tasks, we focus on multi-modal salient object detection (SOD), which mimics human attention mechanism by segmenting salient objects with the guidance of audio-visual cues. To support this task, we collect the ﬁrst large-scale dataset, named ASOD60K , which contains 4K-resolution video frames annotated with a six-level hierarchy, thus distinguishing itself with richness, diversity and quality. Speciﬁcally, each sequence is marked with both its super-/sub-class, with objects of each sub-class being further annotated with human eye ﬁxations, bounding boxes, object-/instance-level masks, and associated attributes ( e.g. , geometrical distortion). These coarse-to-ﬁne annotations enable detailed analysis for PV-SOD modeling, e.g. , determining the major challenges for existing SOD models, and predicting scanpaths to study the long-term eye ﬁxation behaviors of humans. We systematically benchmark 11 representative approaches on ASOD60K and derive several interesting ﬁndings. We hope this study could serve as a good starting point for advancing SOD research towards panoramic videos. The dataset
Correlation analysis for isotropic stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds with maximally allowed polarization degrees

We study correlation analysis for monopole components of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds, including the maximally allowed polarization degrees. We show that, for typical detector networks, the correlation analysis can probe virtually five spectra: three for the intensities of the tensor, vector, and scalar modes and two for the chiral asymmetries of the tensor and vector modes. The chiral asymmetric signal for the vector modes has been left untouched so far. In this paper, we derive the overlap reduction function for this signal and thus complete the basic ingredients required for widely dealing with polarization degrees. We comprehensively analyze the geometrical properties of all the five overlap reduction functions. In particular, we point out the importance of reflection transformations for configuring preferable networks in the future.
Vacuum or matter symmetries : Which is fundamental in neutrino oscillation ?

In a previous paper, the author proposed “Symmetry Finder” (SF) method for hunting symmetries in neutrino oscillation in matter, which essentially identifies a symmetry in the diagonalized Hamiltonian in matter. It was successfully applied to Denton et al. (DMP) perturbation theory to identify the eight 1-2 state exchange symmetries. In this paper, we apply the SF method to the atmospheric-resonance perturbation theory and uncover the sixteen 1-3 state exchange symmetries. Meanwhile, an alternative method for finding symmetry has been discussed. If a symmetry in the vacuum part of the Hamiltonian is found, it can be regarded as the symmetry of the total Hamiltonian because the matter term is invariant, the vacuum symmetry (VS) approach. We discuss the relationship between these two methods. One of the key questions is whether the VS method can reproduce the symmetries obtained by the SF method, to which several counter arguments are presented. Moreover, we argue that the newly found 1-3 state exchange symmetries add even more difficulties. The way how the VS method could make the goal are discussed. ar X iv :2 10 7. 12 08 6v 1 [ he pph ] 2 6 Ju l 2 02 1
Are Black Holes Leaky?

We continue a study by Adler and Ramazanoǧlu (AR) of black holes as modified by a scale invariant dark energy action. For the spherically symmetric Schwarzschild-like case, (AR) found that there is no event horizon; hence spacetime is not divided by the black hole into causally disconnected regions. We review the formalism for locating trapped surfaces and apparent horizons, and show that the modified black hole has no trapped surfaces. Thus one expects that it is “leaky”, and that there will be a “black hole wind” of particles streaming out from the location of the nominal horizon. This will have astrophysical consequences, for example, the “wind” may feed and stabilize star formation in the vicinity of the black hole. We initiate a study of the stationary axially-symmetric rotating black hole as modified by a scale invariant dark energy action, i.e, one that is Kerr-like. To set up the axial case, we note that the conserving completion of the dark energy stress energy tensor can be calculated algebraically by solving a 2×2 matrix equation. Using Mathematica we calculate and simplify the modified system of Einstein equations for the axial case in quasi-isotropic coordinates, and give appropriate boundary conditions. Solution of these equations is rendered tricky by a residual general coordinate invariance of quasi-isotropic coordinates. This leads to the interesting mathematical question of representing a positive planar function as the gradient squared of a harmonic function, discussed in Appendices.
An Automatic Schema-Instance Approach for Merging Multidimensional Data Warehouses

Using data warehouses to analyse multidimensional data is a significant task in company decision-making. The need for analyzing data stored in different data warehouses generates the requirement of merging them into one integrated data warehouse. The data warehouse merging process is composed of two steps: matching multidimensional components and then merging them. Current approaches do not take all the particularities of multidimensional data warehouses into account, e.g., only merging schemata, but not instances; or not exploiting hierarchies nor fact tables. Thus, in this paper, we propose an automatic merging approach for star schema-modeled data warehouses that works at both the schema and instance levels. We also provide algorithms for merging hierarchies, dimensions and facts. Eventually, we implement our merging algorithms and validate them with the use of both synthetic and benchmark datasets.
Argus: Debugging Performance Issues in Modern Desktop Applications with Annotated Causal Tracing

Modern desktop applications involve many asynchronous,concurrent interactions that make performance issues difﬁcult to diagnose. Although prior work has used causal tracing for de-bugging performance issues in distributed systems, we ﬁnd that these techniques suffer from high inaccuracies for desktop applications. We present Argus, a fast, effective causal tracing tool for debugging performance anomalies in desktop applications. Argus introduces a novel notion of strong and weak edges to explicitly model and annotate trace graph ambiguities, a new beam-search-based diagnosis algorithm to select the most likely causal paths in the presence of ambiguities, and a new way to compare causal paths across normal and abnormal executions. We have implemented Argus across multiple versions of macOS and evaluated it on 12 infamous spinning pinwheel issues in popular macOS applications. Argus diag-nosedthe rootcauses forallissues,10 ofwhichwere previously unknown, some of which have been open for several years. Ar-gus incurs less than 5% CPU overhead when its system-wide tracing is enabled, making always-on tracing feasible.
EFFECTIVE PERMEABILITY OF CARBONATE RESERVOIRS USING THE RANDOM FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of porosity and void size on the effective permeability of carbonate reservoirs. A random finite element method (RFEM) has been developed involving an ideal block of material leading to direct evaluation of the effective permeability. The approach involves a combination of finite element analysis and random field theory. Following Monte-Carlo simulations, the mean and standard deviation of the effective permeability can be estimated leading to probabilistic conclusions about flow characteristics. The influence of block size and representative volume elements (RVE) are also discussed and a comparison is made between the effective permeability of isotropic and anisotropic reservoirs.
Reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis in Fish by Microwave Cooking

The effect of microwave cooking on the survival of Salmonella Enteritidis was investigated. Inoculated whiting and salmon fillets (6-7 log cfu/cm2) were cooked in microwave either packed or unpacked at two internal temperatures (50 and 70°C). When the samples were cooked up to the internal temperature of 50°C, the reductions were 1.82 log cfu/cm2 (29%) for packed and 0.69 log cfu/cm2 (11%) for unpacked whiting. For the same cooking temperature, the reductions were 2.39 (33%) and 0.73 log cfu/ cm2 (10%) for packed and unpacked salmon, respectively. When the internal temperature was 70°C, the reductions in S. Enteritidis counts were 2.89 (45%) and 3.90 cfu/cm2 (54%) unpacked whiting and salmon, respectively. However, the reductions were higher in packed samples of both fish cooked to 70C internal temperature than that of unpacked samples and counts of the pathogen were below the detectable level (<1.00 log cfu/cm2 ). These results suggested that packaging increased the S. Enteritidis reduction during microwave cooking and the reductions were higher in salmon than that of whiting. Microwave-cooking instructions must be included in the MW operating manuals. The foods must be cooked in microwave not lower than 360 W and 70°C.
PLANTS RESPONSES AND THE ROLE OF PHYTOHORMONES AGAINST SALINITY STRESS

Exposure of plants to diversity of abiotic stresses such as salinity stress retard growth and development of plants which results in huge yield loss worldwide. Plants respond to salinity in unique and complex way that involves many biochemical and physiological changes in plant system. Plant hormones are known to play indispensable roles to elicit an adaptive response in plants under salinity stress. A basic understanding of biological knowledge about the damage that salt stress has on plants and the salt stress tolerance mechanisms is necessary to discover future implications to overcome the effect of salt stress on plants. The main aim of present article is to enhance our knowledge of how salt stress may impact the physiological features of plants and to narrate the potential roles of various phytohormones against the salinity stress at both physiological and molecular grounds.
Validação e controlo da qualidade da quantificação de corantes em alimentos por HPLC-UV/Vis

iii Resumo v Glossario de abreviaturas e simbolos vii Indice xi Indice de Figuras xiii Indice de tabelas xiv 1. Introducao 17 1.1. Corantes alimentares 3 1.2. Industria Alimentar 4 1.3. Validacao de metodos 9 1.4. Modelos de regressao 12 1.4. 1. Modelo de regressao linear nao ponderado 12 1.4. 2. Modelo de regressao linear ponderado 16 1.5. Incerteza da medicao 20 1.5. 1. Avaliacao da incerteza associada a uma pesagem por diferenca 21 1.5. 2. Avaliacao da incerteza associada a uma volumetria 22 1.5. 3. Avaliacao da incerteza associada a uma quantificacao instrumental 23 1.5. 4. Avaliacao da incerteza associada a recuperacao 24 2. Parte Experimental 25 2.1. Reagentes 27 2.2. Material 29 2.3. Preparacao dos Calibradores 30 2.4. Verificacao de Homogeneidade de variâncias 31 2.5. Curva de calibracao 33 3. Tratamento e Discussao de Resultados 35 3.1. Calibradores 36 3.2. Avaliacao da ocorrencia de valores aberrantes 39 3.3. Homogeneidade de variâncias 40 3.4. Linearidade 42 3.5. Ajuste ao modelo de regressao 44 3.5. 1. Modelo de regressao linear nao ponderado 44
Are Faculty Changing? How Reform Frameworks, Sampling Intensities, and Instrument Measures Impact Inferences about Student-Centered Teaching Practices

Although recent studies have used the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS) to make claims about faculty reform, important questions remain: How should COPUS measures be situated within existing reform frameworks? Is there a universal sampling intensity that allows for valid inferences about the frequency of student-centered instruction within a semester or across semesters of a course? These questions were addressed using longitudinal COPUS observations (128 classes, three faculty, 4 years). COPUS behaviors were used to categorize classes into didactic, interactive lecture, or student-centered instructional styles. Sampling intensities (one to 11 classes) were simulated (1000 times) within a course and across semesters. The sampling intensities required for generating valid inferences about 1) the presence of student-centered instruction and 2) the proportion of instructional styles in a course and through time were calculated. Results indicated that the sampling intensity needed to characterize courses and instructors varied and was much higher than previously recommended for instructors with: 1) rare instances of student-centered classes, 2) variability in instructional style, and 3) longitudinal changes in instructional patterns. These conditions are common in early reform contexts. This study highlights the risks of broad, decontextualized sampling protocol recommendations and illustrates how reform frameworks, sampling intensities, and COPUS measures interact to impact inferences about faculty change.
Multinational descriptive analysis of the real‐world burden of headache using the Migraine Buddy application

A large proportion of headache sufferers do not routinely seek medical care. App‐based technologies permit the collection of real‐world data over time and between countries that can help assess true burden of headache. This study used a mobile phone application to collect information on the real‐world burden of self‐diagnosed headache and to describe its impact on daily life in headache sufferers who do not routinely seek medical advice.
Coaches’ Assessment of Players Physical Performance: Subjective and Objective Measures are needed when Profiling Players

ABSTRACT This mixed methods study aimed to assess the agreement between coaches ranking of youth rugby league players compared against objective physical performance data and gather coaches’ subjective descriptions of their players performance. Five hundred and eight male rugby league players (U16 n = 255, U18 n = 253) completed a fitness testing battery of anthropometric and physical performance measures. Subsequently, 22 rugby (n = 11) and strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches (n = 11) ranked each player’s physical qualities using a 4-point Likert scale (1 – top 25%; 2–25–50%; 3–50–75%; and 4 – bottom 25%) and described their performance. U16 S&C coaches displayed fair agreement when assessing players body mass (39.3%, κ = 0.20). U18 rugby coaches demonstrated fair agreement for strength and size (42.5%, κ = 0.23) and body mass (48.7%, κ = 0.31) whilst both U18 rugby and S&C coaches showed fair agreement levels for endurance (39.8%, κ = 0.25, 44.3%, κ = 0.29), respectively. Three higher-order themes were identified from coaches’ descriptions of players including physical, rugby and attitude characteristics when evaluating performance. Overall, coaches cannot accurately assess players physical performance against fitness testing data. Though, findings suggest coaches adopt a multidimensional approach when evaluating players performance. Practitioners within talent development systems should utilise both objective and subjective assessments when making decisions regarding players performance. Highlights Rugby and S&C coaches cannot accurately assess all aspects of players physical performance. The greatest assessment agreement was for body mass, strength and size, and endurance, while the poorest were for strength, acceleration, and maximum speed. Rugby and S&C coaches considered rugby, physical and attitude attributes when evaluating players. Findings highlight the complex nature of physical profiling. Subjective and objective measures are required to provide an accurate description of players physical performance.
Fatty liver index predicts incident risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Abstract Aims To investigate the association between overweight/obesity and fatty liver index (FLI) on the odds of incident prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 2020 participants after 10 years follow up. Methods At baseline (in 2001) 2020 participants, males and females, aged 24–39 years, were stratified according to body mass index (BMI), normal weight (<25 kg/m2), overweight (≥25–<30 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2) and FLI (as high FLI ≥60 or low FLI <60). We examined the incidence of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and NAFLD (ultrasound assessed) over 10 years to 2011 to determine the relative impact of FLI and BMI. Results 514 and 52 individuals developed prediabetes and type 2 diabetes during follow-up. Such individuals were older, with higher BMI, serum glucose, insulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations than those who did not develop prediabetes or type 2 diabetes (n = 1454). The additional presence of high FLI significantly increased the risk of developing prediabetes and type 2 diabetes above the risk of being overweight/obese. Compared with normal weight, low FLI participants, the odds of prediabetes were ∼2-fold higher and the odds of type 2 diabetes were 9–10-fold higher respectively in the overweight/obese, high FLI group. No difference was observed between normal weight, low FLI and overweight/obese and low FLI groups. Conclusions An increased FLI significantly increases the odds of incident prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD in individuals with overweight/obese highlighting the contributory role of liver fat accumulation in the pathophysiology of prediabetes/type 2 diabetes. Key messages Obesity is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Additionally, NAFLD is more prevalent in people with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes when compared to age- and BMI-matched individuals. The presence of a raised fatty liver index (FLI) confers a significantly increased risk of developing prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and NAFLD above that conferred by being overweight/obese. The degree of elevation of FLI can risk stratify for incident prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in people with obesity.
The effect of season of birth on brain epigenome-wide DNA methylation of older adults

Abstract Perinatal light exposure predisposes towards health and behaviour in adulthood. Season of birth is associated with psychiatric, allergic, cardiovascular and metabolic problems. It has been proposed that early-life environmental light disrupts the development of biological rhythms which, in turn, influence later-life health. However, the mechanisms linking perinatal seasonal light to later-life biological rhythm and health in humans are unknown. In this study, we investigated the association between season of birth and epigenome-wide DNA methylation of two postmortem human brain regions (16 hypothalamus, 14 temporal cortex). We did not find statistically significant differences at the whole epigenome level, either because we lacked statistical power or that no association exists. However, when we examined 24 CpG sites that had the highest significance or differential methylation, we identified regions which may be associated with circadian rhythm entrainment, cholinergic neurotransmission and neural development. Amongst methylation of the core clock genes, we identified that hypothalamus Neuronal PAS Domain Protein 2 (NPAS2) gene has hypermethylated regions in long photoperiod-born individuals. In addition, we found nominal associations between season of birth and genes linked to chronotype and narcolepsy. Season of birth-related brain DNA methylation profile was different than a previously reported blood methylation profile, suggesting a tissue-specific mechanism of perinatal light programming. Overall, we are the first to analyse the relationship between season of birth and human brain DNA methylation. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm an imprinting effect of perinatal light on the circadian clock.
The short- and long-term efficacy of intravascular stenting in the treatment of intracranial artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the short- and long-term efficacy of intravascular stenting in the treatment of intracranial artery stenosis. METHODS This prospective study was conducted in 132 patients who underwent intravascular stenting for intracranial artery stenosis. In the perioperative period, complications were recorded. During a 2-year follow-up, postoperative stenosis rate, collateral circulation, changes in peak blood flow velocity, National Institute of Health stroke scale score, modified Rankin scale score, and restenosis were recorded. Factors influencing postoperative restenosis were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In the perioperative period, 4 patients had complications, while 1 patient died. Compared with before operation, peak stenosis rate, blood flow velocity, National Institute of Health stroke scale score, and modified Rankin scale score at 1 year and 2 years after operation were significantly decreased, while the classification of collateral circulation was increased (all P<0.05). However, there were no statistical differences in the above indicators between 1-year and 2-year postoperative patients (all P>0.05). Two years after surgery, a total of 8 patients suffered from restenosis. There were statistical differences concerning age (≥70 years), the history of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease between the restenosis group and the non-restenosis group (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that the history of coronary heart disease and advanced age (≥70 years) were independent risk factors that affect the occurrence of postoperative restenosis. CONCLUSION The short- and long-term efficacy of intravascular stenting in the treatment of intracranial artery stenosis is significant. What's more, a history of coronary heart disease and advanced age (≥70 years) are independent risk factors contributing to postoperative restenosis.
EFFECT OF HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND THERMAL PROCESSING ON CRANBERRY JUICE

OF THE THESIS ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES x 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 CRANBERRY 1 1.1.1 Health Benefits of Cranberry Juice 6 1.2 FLAVONOIDS 8 1.2.1 Proanthocyanidins (PACs) 10 1.2.2 Anthocyanins 13 1.3 HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE PROCESSING 20 1.3. 1 HHPP Effect on Microorganisms 23 1.3. 2 HHPP Effect on Food Components 24 1.3. 3 HHPP Effect on Enzymes 24 1.4 HYPOTHESIS 27 1.5 OBJECTIVES 28 1.6 RATIONALE 28 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 29 2.1 MATERIALS 29 2.1.1 Cranberry Juice 29 2.1.2 Pouches 29 2.1.3 Reagents 30 2.2 PROCESSING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES 30 2.2.1 Sample Preparation 30 2.2.2 High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing 31 2.2.3 Thermal Processing 34 2.2. 4 Storage Studies 36 2.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS 37