Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the Potential of Chemically Modified Carbon Gels in Gallic Acid Adsorption

This study deals with the preparation of adsorbents from a commercial xerogel by chemically modifying its surface with concentrated mineral acids and alkali metal chlorides, their physicochemical characterization, and their use as adsorbents for gallic acid in aqueous solution. Although there are publications on the use of carbon xerogels as adsorbents, we propose and study simple modifications that can change their chemical properties and, therefore, their performance as adsorbents. The adsorbate of choice is gallic acid and, to our knowledge, there is no history of its adsorption with carbon xerogels. The prepared adsorbents have a high specific surface area (347–563 m2 g−1), better pore development for samples treated with alkali metal chlorides than with mineral acids, and are more acidic than the initial xerogel (p.z.c range 2.49–6.87 vs. 7.20). The adsorption equilibrium is reached in <16 h with a kinetic constant between 0.018 and 0.035 h−1 for the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption capacity, according to the Langmuir model, reaches 62.89 to 83.33 mg g−1. The adsorption properties of the commercial xerogel improved over a wide range of pH values and temperatures. The experimental results indicate that the adsorption process is thermodynamically favored.
A Method for Automatic Generation of 3D Background Models Using Fractal Models and Genetic Algorithms

In recent years, 3DCG-related industries have grown rapidly and the demand for 3DCG content has increased. However, 3DCG production requires special skills and a lot of time. In particular, the creation of background data requires a lot of human resources at the production site because the data is huge and complex. Therefore, we propose an automatic creation system that generates 3D background data for 3DCG production. The proposed system consists of three functions: 3D model generation, generation parameter optimization, and fitness evaluation. The user inputs a landscape photograph as idea information into the system, and the system optimizes the generation parameters so that the 3D object shape approximates the input image. To evaluate the accuracy of the system's performance, we observe the optimization process and the 3D object output when a previously generated fractal image or landscape photos are input. Experimental results show that the system accurately optimizes the generation parameters and generates 3D objects that are almost identical to the shape of the fractal image. In addition, the parameters were also optimized with a certain degree of accuracy for landscape photographs for which no specific solution had been determined.
Firearms against Native Arms: A Study in Comparative Efficiencies with an Alaskan Example

Comparaison de l'efficacite relative des armes a feu des 18 et debut du 19 siecles et des armes indigenes concluant a leur egalite, et illustree par le cas du contact entre les commercants russes et les Aleut, Koniag, Tlingit du sud de l'Alaska.
Co-Centric Cell-Splitting Technique Using Frequency Reuse

When a MS or mobile node (MN) moves out from a base station (BS) to another base station then it needs to perform a handoff or handover. Here we will propose a method that minimizes the handoff failure probability by increasing the total number of channel with help cell splitting process. This is Mother and child cell concept.
Reweighted Nuclear Norm and Reweighted Frobenius Norm Minimizations for Narrowband RFI Suppression on SAR System

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), as a wideband radar system, is subject to interference by radio frequency systems, such as radio, TV, and cellular networks. Since the narrowband radio frequency interference (RFI) has a stable frequency in a snapshot sequence, it has a low-rank property that can be used to substract RFI from the received signal. The nuclear norm is a common convex relaxation to constrain the rank, but it is optimized by the singular value thresholding (SVT) algorithm, which uses a single threshold to treat all singular values and greatly over-punishes large singular values. Hence, in this paper, we propose two methods, the reweighted nuclear norm (RNN) algorithm and the reweighted Frobenius norm (RFN) algorithm, to separate the RFI and the useful signal. The RNN and RFN minimization problems are the approximations of the real rank function, which can protect large singular values and restrict the rank. As a result, the RFI is accurately extracted and the useful signal is successfully protected. Also, we strictly derive the closed-form solutions of the RNN and RFN minimization problems for complex radar signals, and we also employ downsampling to extract the mainband of the signal spectrum to speed up the convergence. Real SAR data is applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for RFI suppression.
New archaeomagnetic direction results from China and their constraints on palaeosecular variation of the geomagnetic field in Eastern Asia

Geophysical Journal International New archaeomagnetic direction result from China and its constraints on paleosecular variation of the geomagnetic field in Eastern Asia Journal: Manuscript ID Manuscript Type: Date Submitted by the Author: Complete List of Authors: Keywords: Geophysical Journal International Draft Research Paper n/a Cai, Shuhui; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Tauxe, Lisa; Scripps Oceanographic Institution, Deng, Chenglong; State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qin, Huafeng; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Pan, Yongxin; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Jin, Guiyun; Shandong University, School of History and Culture Chen, Xuexiang; Shandong University, School of History and Culture Chen, Wei; The Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics and Archeology Research Institute Xie, Fei; Hebei Province Institute of Cultural Relics Zhu, Rixiang; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Archaeomagnetism < GEOMAGNETISM and ELECTROMAGNETISM, Palaeomagnetic secular variation < GEOMAGNETISM and ELECTROMAGNETISM, Palaeomagnetism < GEOMAGNETISM and ELECTROMAGNETISM
Pseudorabies virus uses clathrin mediated endocytosis to enter PK15 swine cell line

Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a herpesvirus responsible for Aujeszky’s disease, causes high mortality in swine populations. To develop effective and novel antiviral strategies, it is essential to understand the mechanism of entry used by PRV to infect its host. Viruses have different ways of entering host cells. Among others, they can use endocytosis, a fundamental cellular process by which substances from the external environment are internalized into the cell. This process is classified into clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE), depending on the role of clathrin. Although the involvement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in the entry of PRV has already been described, the importance of other endocytic pathways involving clathrin remains unexplored to date. Here, we characterize the role of CME in PRV entry into the PK15 swine cell line. By using CME inhibitory drugs, we report a decrease in PRV infection when the CME pathway is blocked. We also perform the shRNA knockdown of the μ-subunit of the adaptor protein AP-2 (AP2M1), which plays an important role in the maturation of clathrin-coated vesicles, and the infection is greatly reduced when this subunit is knocked down. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy images report PRV virions inside clathrin-coated vesicles. Overall, this study suggests for the first time that CME is a mechanism used by PRV to enter PK15 cells and provides valuable insights into its possible routes of entry.
ESTABILIDADE DA PRÉ-MISTURA DE BOLO ELABORADA COM 60% DE F ARINHA DE BANANA VERDE Stability of cake pre-mixture made with 60% of green banana flour

RESUMOObjetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a estabilidade fisico-quimica e microbiologica da pre-mistura de bolo elaborada com60% de farinha de banana em substituicao a farinha de trigo, durante 120 dias de armazenamento. O delineamento experimentalutilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (tempo de armazenamento – 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias) e cincorepeticoes. Durante o armazenamento, a cada 30 dias foram realizadas as determinacoes de umidade, pH, acidez total titulavel(ATT), vitamina C, coliformes a 45oC, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp. , fungos filamentosos e leveduras. A avaliacao fisico-quimicada pre-mistura manteve suas caracteristicas com pequenas variacoes durante o armazenamento em temperatura ambiente. Avariacao mais expressiva foi observada quanto aos parâmetros pH e ATT. A pre-mistura nao apresentou alteracoes durante oarmazenamento com relacao ao desenvolvimento dos patogenos: coliformes a 45oC, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp. , fungosfilamentosos e leveduras.Termos para indexacao: Musa spp. , banana, panificacao, vida de prateleira, armazenamento.ABSTRACTThe objective of work was to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological stability of a cake pre-mixture madewith 60% of green banana flour instead of wheat flour during a storage period of 120 days. The experimental delineationutilized was entirely randomized, with 5 treatments (time of storage -0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) and 5 repetitions. Duringstorage, the following determinations were made for each 30-day period: moisture, pH, total titratable acidity (TTA),vitamin C, coliforms at 45oC, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp. , filamentous fungi and yeasts. The physical-chemical evaluationshowed that the pre-mixture kept its characteristics with small variations during storage at room temperature. The mostexpressive variation was observed in the pH and TTA parameters. The pre-mixture remained without alterations during thestorage with regard to the growth of the pathogens: coliforms at 45oC, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella sp. , filamentary fungusand yeasts.Index terms: Musa spp. , banana, bakery, shelf life, storage.
The Influence of Mesoscale Eddies on the Internal Tide

The barotropic tide dissipates a well established estimate of 2.5 TW of energy at the M2 frequency. Bottom topography is responsible for part of this dissipation, and the generation of the internal tide is also partly responsible. The fate of this energy is largely described by a cascade from large scales to small scales by nonlinear wave-wave interactions where it gets dissipated. This thesis aims to investigate how the presence of mesoscale eddies (vortices) in the ocean affect the internal tide. Previous work has looked at the interaction of the barotropic tide with eddies. Krauss (1999) found that the interaction can produce a modulated internal tide, however a scaling analysis suggests that the effect may not be as strong as reported. The MITgcm is used to simulate internal wave generation by barotropic flow over topography and comparisons are made with Dr. Lamb’s IGW model. Baroclinic eddies are analytically prescribed and then geostrophically adjusted also using the MITgcm. Finally, the two are combined, and the internal tide field is analysed with and without the presence of eddies of various magnitude and length scales. The results of this investigation do not find a strong transfer of energy between modes; the modal distribution of energy in the internal tide remains the same when an eddy is added. However, focusing and shadow beams of internal waves are produced in the wake of an eddy as the internal waves pass through it. The beams show very strong variations in intensity, vertically integrated energy flux can reduce almost to zero in the shadow regions and increase more than double in the focusing regions. Modal decomposition of the horizontal flow field reveals that mode 2 and 3 waves are most strongly affected by the eddies and contribute strongly to the formation of the beams. Mode 1 appears to be less affected by the eddy. The larger wavelength and faster group velocity of mode 1 supports the notion that the eddy interacts with it less.
Piceid Octanoate Protects Retinal Cells against Oxidative Damage by Regulating the Sirtuin 1/Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1 Axis In Vitro and in rd10 Mice

Retinitis pigmentosa is a common cause of inherited blindness in adults, which in many cases is associated with an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induces DNA damage, triggering Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation and leading to parthanatos-mediated cell death. Previous studies have shown that resveratrol (RSV) is a promising molecule that can mitigate PARP1 overactivity, but its low bioavailability is a limitation for medical use. This study examined the impact of a synthesized new acylated RSV prodrug, piceid octanoate (PIC-OCT), in the 661W cell line against H2O2 oxidative stress and in rd10 mice. PIC-OCT possesses a better ADME profile than RSV. In response to H2O2, 661W cells pretreated with PIC-OCT preserved cell viability in more than 38% of cells by significantly promoting SIRT1 nuclear translocation, preserving NAD+/NADH ratio, and suppressing intracellular ROS formation. These effects result from expressing antioxidant genes, maintaining mitochondrial function, reducing PARP1 nuclear expression, and preventing AIF nuclear translocation. In rd10 mice, PIC-OCT inhibited PAR-polymer formation, increased SIRT1 expression, significantly reduced TUNEL-positive cells in the retinal outer nuclear layer, preserved ERGs, and enhanced light chamber activity (all p values < 0.05). Our findings corroborate that PIC-OCT protects photoreceptors by modulating the SIRT1/PARP1 axis in models of retinal degeneration.
Investigating the Impact of Preprocessing Techniques and Representation Models on Arabic Text Classification using Machine Learning

—Arabic Text Classification (ATC) is a crucial step for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. It emerged as a response to the exponential growth of online content like social posts and review comments. In this study, preprocessing techniques and representation models are used to evaluate the effectiveness of ATC using Machine Learning (ML). Generally, the ATC operation depends on various factors, such as stemming in preprocessing, feature extraction and selection, and the nature of the dataset. To enhance the overall classification performance, preprocessing methodologies are primarily employed to transform each Arabic term into its root form and reduce the dimensionality of representation. In the representation of Arabic text, feature extraction and selection processes are imperative, as they significantly enhance the performance of ATC. This study implements the chosen classifiers using various feature selection algorithms. The comprehensive assessment of classification outcomes is conducted by comparing various classifiers, including Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB), Bernoulli Naive Bayes (BNB), Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Logistic Regression (LR), and linear Support Vector Classifier (LSVC). These ML classifiers are assessed utilizing short and long Arabic text benchmark datasets called BBC Arabic corpus and the COVID-19 dataset. The assessment findings indicate that the efficacy of classification is significantly influenced by the preprocessing methods, representation model, classification algorithm, and the datasets’ characteristics. In most cases, the SGDC and LSVC have consistently surpassed other classifiers for the datasets under consideration when significant features are chosen.
Advancements and Prospects of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) in Maize

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have emerged as a powerful tool for unraveling intricate genotype–phenotype association across various species. Maize (Zea mays L.), renowned for its extensive genetic diversity and rapid linkage disequilibrium (LD), stands as an exemplary candidate for GWAS. In maize, GWAS has made significant advancements by pinpointing numerous genetic loci and potential genes associated with complex traits, including responses to both abiotic and biotic stress. These discoveries hold the promise of enhancing adaptability and yield through effective breeding strategies. Nevertheless, the impact of environmental stress on crop growth and yield is evident in various agronomic traits. Therefore, understanding the complex genetic basis of these traits becomes paramount. This review delves into current and future prospectives aimed at yield, quality, and environmental stress resilience in maize and also addresses the challenges encountered during genomic selection and molecular breeding, all facilitated by the utilization of GWAS. Furthermore, the integration of omics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, and phenomics has enriched our understanding of intricate traits in maize, thereby enhancing environmental stress tolerance and boosting maize production. Collectively, these insights not only advance our understanding of the genetic mechanism regulating complex traits but also propel the utilization of marker-assisted selection in maize molecular breeding programs, where GWAS plays a pivotal role. Therefore, GWAS provides robust support for delving into the genetic mechanism underlying complex traits in maize and enhancing breeding strategies.
Impacts of Lake Victoria level fluctuations to livelihoods Missungwi district case study

Lake Victoria experienced drastic levels changes in 2005 causing great inconveniences to lakeside communities. This study investigated effects of these . changes on livelihoods through questionnaire surveys, focused group discussions, interviews and analysis of fish catches, diseases, crops, and lake levels data. Results indicate recession of levels had various socio-economic impacts. The changes caused severe water shortage due to drying up of shallow wells and a remarkable increase in prevalence of schistosomiasis because of increased utilization of lake water. There was no evidence for impact of level changes on malaria and diarrhea. Decline of water levels caused decline in fish catches due to retreat of water from breeding sites. However receding waters created a new land for cultivation which helped to boost Maize and sweet potatoes production. The results emphasize on ensuring stability of lake levels to avoid negative impacts on livelihoods and to maintain ecological integrity of the lake.
Acute stress negatively impacts on-task behavior and lecture comprehension

Acute stress has been shown to disrupt cognitive and learning processes. The present study examined the effects of acute stress on mind wandering during a lecture and subsequent lecture comprehension in young adults. Forty participants were randomized to acute stress induction via the Trier Social Stress Test or rest prior to watching a twenty-minute video lecture with embedded mind wandering probes, followed by a lecture comprehension assessment. Stress responses were assessed via heart rate, blood pressure, salivary cortisol, and state anxiety. Individuals exposed to acute stress endorsed greater mind wandering at the first checkpoint and lower lecture comprehension scores. Moreover, state anxiety post stress was positively associated with mind wandering at the first and second checkpoint and negatively associated with lecture comprehension. Only mind wandering at the third checkpoint was negatively correlated with overall lecture comprehension. Taken together, these data suggest that acute stress, mind wandering, and lecture comprehension are inextricably linked.
Phylogenetic, morphological and niche differentiation unveil new species limits for the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus)

Phylogeographic accounts of mammals across fragmented landscapes show high levels of genetic, morphological and ecological variation. The big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) widely spans mainland landmasses from Canada to Ecuador and Colombia, and the insular Caribbean through The Bahamas and Greater and Lesser Antilles. Given the distribution of E. fuscus, we hypothesized that insular lineages could represent a different species aided by isolation. We assessed species limits by capitalizing on available mitochondrial and genomic data. Novel morphological and spatial datasets were produced to examine limits phenotypically and whether ecological niches could be associated with differences between groups. Phylogenetics strongly supported the Caribbean as unique compared to the mainland. Genomic data indicated high levels of genetic structure within the Caribbean and no detectable admixture of the Caribbean with continental lineages. Similarly, the Caribbean group shows high phenotypic disparity, and niche models revealed differences in habitat suitability between groups, concordant with the phylogenetic results. This study uncovered signals of divergence supporting the Caribbean clade of E. fuscus as unique through an integrative framework. We endorse re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Caribbean big brown bats as Eptesicus dutertreus. This recognition can help promote local conservation plans for insular lineages of big brown bats.
Contribution of optical resolution to the spatial precision of two-photon optogenetic photostimulation in vivo

Abstract. Significance Two-photon optogenetics combines nonlinear excitation with noninvasive activation of neurons to enable the manipulation of neural circuits with a high degree of spatial precision. Combined with two-photon population calcium imaging, these approaches comprise a flexible platform for all-optical interrogation of neural circuits. However, a multitude of optical and biological factors dictate the exact precision of this approach in vivo, where it is most usefully applied. Aim We aimed to assess how the optical point spread function (OPSF) contributes to the spatial precision of two-photon photostimulation in neurobiology. Approach We altered the axial spread of the OPSF of the photostimulation beam using a spatial light modulator. Subsequently, calcium imaging was used to monitor the axial spatial precision of two-photon photostimulation of layer 2 neurons in the mouse neocortex. Results We found that optical resolution is not always the limiting factor of the spatial precision of two-photon optogenetic photostimulation and, by doing so, reveal the key factors that must be improved to achieve maximal precision. Conclusions Our results enable future work to focus on the optimal factors by providing key insight from controlled experiments in a manner not previously reported. This research can be applied to advance the state-of-the-art of all-optical interrogation, extending the toolkit for neuroscience research to achieve spatiotemporal precision at the crucial levels in which neural circuits operate.