Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socially Responsible Marketing: Toward Aligning Dharma (Duties), Karma (Actions), and Eudaimonia (Well-Being)

Laczniak and Shultz, in their recent article in the Journal of Macromarketing, provide a robust framework and a comprehensive definition of socially responsible marketing (SRM) anchored on macro-normative ethical perspectives. The explicit purpose of offering this framework and definition is to provide a roadmap to create a better world. Recognizing that marketing has a vital role in enabling the societal goal of achieving well-being and thriving, we offer some additional perspectives in this commentary. Essentially, we suggest how the SRM doctrine can be enriched and enlarged by explicitly aligning societal goals of eudaimonia (well-being) with marketing's moral duties and actions. To do so, we reconcile ethical ideas in Asian and Western philosophies as to how they may help us clarify the requisite SRM behavior. We also look at the developments in evolutionary psychology and developmental biology as to the proper criteria for evaluating the success of SRM behavior.
Some dichotomy theorems on constant-free quantified Boolean formulas

In this paper we study the satisfiability of constant-free quantified boolean formulas. We consider the following classes of quantified boolean formulas. Fix a finite set of basic boolean logical functions. Take conjunctions of these basic functions applied to variables in arbitrary way. Finally, quantify existentially or universally some of the variables. Schaefer earlier studied the satisfiability of quantified boolean formulas with constants. He showed that every such problem is either in P or PSPACE-complete and he gave a complete classification of the tractable cases. We extend the PSPACE-hardness results to constant-free quantified boolean formulas obtaining a dichotomy theorem for the satisfiability of constant-free quantified boolean formulas. We find that, in fact, constants do not make a difference when considering the satisfiability of quantified boolean formulas. We also prove a dichotomy theorem that allows us to improve a previous result on the learnability of quantified boolean formulas getting rid of the constants.
Use of Chaotic Oscillations for Precoding and Synchronization in OFDM

This paper proposes a novel linear precoding method for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based on the employment of the chaotic waveforms generated by the fourth-order chaotic oscillator and orthonormalized by the Gram-Schmidt process. The proposed linear precoding method is aimed to increase resilience to the multipath propagation issues and reduce the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. Moreover, the chaotic waveform enables novel timing synchronization methods to be implemented in the receiver. The modeling of baseband Linear Precoded OFDM (LP-OFDM) data transmission system with Rayleigh channel has been performed in Simulink en-vironment to validate the proposed method and to compare the performance to the classic precoding methods, such as Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT). Experiments have shown that in a high Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) scenario, the employment of the novel precoding scheme allows reducing Bit Error Ratio (BER) by several dB compared to non-precoded OFDM. The proposed precoding method leads to the reduction of PAPR; however, it is not as efficient as classical precoding schemes, such as WHT. Experimental evidence of synchronization of the chaotic oscillators within 50 samples long time interval is presented.
Observational studies of mass loss from AGB stars

Abstract It is important to properly describe the mass-loss rate of AGB stars, in order to understand their evolution from the AGB to PN phase. The primary goal of this study is to investigate the influence of metallicity on the mass-loss rate, under well determined luminosities. The luminosity of the star is a crucial parameter for the radiative driven stellar wind. Many efforts have been invested to constrain the AGB mass-loss rate, but most of the previous studies use Galactic objects, which have poorly known distances, thus their luminosities. To overcome this problem, we have studied mass loss from AGB stars in the Galaxies of the Local Group. The distance to the stars have been independently measured, thus AGB stars in these galaxies are ideal for understanding the mass-loss rate. Moreover, these galaxies have a lower metallicity than the Milky Way, providing an ideal target to study the influence of metallicity on the mass-loss rate. We report our analysis of mass loss, using the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Herschel Space Observatory. We will discuss the influence of AGB mass-loss on stellar evolution, and explore AGB and PN contribution to the lifecycle of matter in galaxies.
Identification of soil type in Pakistan using remote sensing and machine learning

Soil study plays a significant role in the cultivation of crops. To increase the productivity of any crop, one must know the soil type and properties of that soil. The conventional soil type identification, grid sampling and hydrometer method require expert intervention, more time and extensive laboratory experimentation. Digital soil mapping, while applying remote sensing, offers soil type information and has rapidity, low cost, and spatial resolution advantages. This study proposes a model to identify the soil type using remote sensing data. Spectral data of the Upper Indus Plain of Pakistan Pothwar region and Doabs were acquired using fifteen Landsat eight images dated between June 2020 to August 2020. Bare soil images were obtained to identify the soil type classes Silt Loam, Loam, Sandy Loam, Silty Clay Loam and Clay Loam. Spectral data of band values, reflectance band values, corrective reflectance band values and vegetation indices are practiced studying the reflectance factor of soil type. Regarding multi-class classification, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine are two popular techniques used in the research community. In the present work, we used these two techniques aided with Logistic Model Tree with 10-fold cross-validation. The classification with the best performance is achieved using the spectral data, with an overall accuracy of 86.61% and 84.41% for the Random Forest and Logistic Model Tree classification, respectively. These results may be applied for crop cultivation in specific areas and assist decision-makers in better agricultural planning.
Topological metallic phases in spin–orbit coupled bilayer systems

We investigate the influence of different spin–orbit couplings on topological phase transitions in the bilayer Kane–Mele model. We find that the competition between intrinsic spin–orbit coupling and Rashba spin–orbit coupling can lead to two dimensional topological metallic states with nontrivial topology. Such phases, although having a metallic bulk, still possess edge states with well defined topological invariants. Specifically, we show that with preserved time reversal symmetry the system can exhibit a Z 2 ? > -metallic phase with spin helical edge states and a nontrivial Z 2 ? > invariant. When time reversal symmetry is broken, a Chern metallic phase could appear with chiral edge states and a nontrivial Chern invariant.
Validation of PREDICCS using LRO/CRaTER observations during three major solar events in 2012

PREDICCS (Predictions of Radiation from Release, EMMREM, and Data Incorporating the CRaTER, COSTEP and other SEP measurements, prediccs.sr.unh.edu) is an online system designed to provide a near real‐time characterization of the radiation environment of the inner heliosphere. PREDICCS utilizes data from various satellites in conjunction with numerical models such as the Earth‐Moon‐Mars Radiation Environment Module (EMMREM) to produce dose rate and particle flux data at the Earth, Moon and Mars. The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument launched aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft in 2009 and designed to measure energetic particle radiation, offers an opportunity to test the capability of PREDICCS to accurately describe the lunar radiation environment. We provide comparisons between dose rates produced by PREDICCS with those measured by CRaTER during three major solar energetic particle (SEP) events that occurred in 2012. In addition, using EMMREM data products together with our archive of measured CRaTER dose rates, we compute the modulation potential at the Moon throughout the LRO mission and, using this, compute the background GCR dose rate during each event. We demonstrate reasonable agreement between PREDICCS and CRaTER dose rates and come to the conclusion that PREDICCS provides credible characterization of the lunar radiation environment. This study represents the first multi‐event validation, via in situ measurement, of radiation models such as EMMREM, which should prove to be valuable in future efforts in risk assessment and in the study of radiation in the inner heliosphere.
A New Technique to Infer Plasma Density, Flow Velocity, and Satellite Potential From Ion Currents Collected by a Segmented Langmuir Probe

Compared with other types of Langmuir probes, segmented probes are arguably the least often used, to diagnose the state of plasma. With linear dimensions of the order of centimeters, these probes would induce perturbations, which would make them impractical in many laboratory plasma experiments. Their size, and the fact that they consist of several equipotential faces or “segments,” from which individual currents are collected, introduces additional complexities in the construction of inference techniques for their characteristics. In this work, we focus on the use of spherical segmented probes mounted on a satellite and present new techniques to infer plasma (ion) densities, flow velocities, and satellite potentials, from currents collected by two segmented probes biased to two different fixed potentials relative to a spacecraft. This is done by carrying out 3-D kinetic self-consistent particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to compute the response of a probe to space plasma under different environment conditions of relevance to satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO) at low and mid-latitudes. Computed currents and the corresponding known plasma and satellite parameters used as input in the simulations are then used to create a solution library with which regression-based inference models are constructed, following standard machine learning techniques. The models trained with a subset of our synthetic dataset are found to yield excellent agreement with data in distinct validation sets. The models constructed with synthetic data are then applied to in situ measurements made with segmented Langmuir probes mounted on the Proba-2 satellite, and the inferences are compared with densities reported on the Proba-2 data portal. The advantage of our approach is that it readily produces uncertainty margins that are specifically related to the inference technique used.
The Dense Breast Clinic: Initial Experience of a Patient-Centered Breast Imaging Clinic.

OBJECTIVE Establish a radiologist-run consultation clinic to review breast density and supplemental screening exams (SSEs) directly with patients in response to breast density reporting laws. METHODS Breast radiologists opened and staffed a clinic for formal patient consultations regarding breast density and SSEs. An IRB-approved questionnaire assessed patient knowledge of breast density, SSEs, and encounter satisfaction. Comparative statistical analyses were performed on knowledge-based questions. RESULTS From February 2019 to February 2021, 294 reimbursable consultations were performed with 215 patients completing pre- and post-consultation questionnaires (survey response rate, 73%). Median patient age was 58 years (range, 34-86 years) and 9% (19/210) had a personal history of breast cancer. An increase in patient knowledge of breast density and SSEs was observed as follows: breast density categories (9% correct pre-consultation (20/215), 86% correct post-consultation (185/215), P < 0.001), dense breast effects on cancer risk (39% correct pre-consultation (83/215), 84% post-consultation (180/215)), mammogram sensitivity (90% correct pre-consultation (193/215), 94% post-consultation (201/215)), and increased cancer detection with SSEs (82% correct pre-consultation (177/215), 95% post-consultation (205/215)) (P < 0.001). Post-consultation, 96% (200/209) were satisfied with the usefulness of information, 89% (186/209) strongly agreed they had sufficient knowledge of SSEs, and 81% (167/205) agreed they would like future opportunities to meet with a breast radiologist. CONCLUSION A consultation clinic staffed by breast radiologists focused on breast density and supplemental breast cancer screening can provide personalized patient counseling, engage patients in shared decision making, assist referring clinicians, and support high quality patient-centered care.
Simulation and Implementation of Bluetooth Wireless Home Automation System

The stress and difficult experience undergone by the old aged and disabled persons in manually operating their home appliances is a major concern in this present day of rising burglary and other insecurities in Nigeria. In this study, simulation an implementation of a Bluetooth wireless home automation system was carried out using a microcontroller. The design comprised an Arduino ATmega328 microcontroller board, Bluetooth module (HC-06), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) App Inventor 2 for android. The Arduino was programmed with C++ programming language by using Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Relays and Triacs were used for the switching mechanism. The software design was achieved using Proteus 8.0, while the hardware prototype was constructed on a Vero board and a performance analysis of the designed circuit was carried out. Result shows that, once the system is connected, the user can controls his electrical appliances by switching them ON and OFF using either the android app Bluetooth module, the IR remote control or the push button on the device. The system application is easy to use, user friendly and convenient to operate via any of the provided alternatives. The Bluetooth wireless home automation system makes life easier for the home owners especially the old aged and disables and prevent energy wastage. With addition of biometrics, it can also prevent unauthorized access to homes and thereby reduce the case of burglary and other insecurity treats at homes.
SUPERNOVAE AND THEIR EXPANDING BLAST WAVES DURING THE EARLY EVOLUTION OF GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS

Our arguments deal with the early evolution of Galactic globular clusters and show why only a few of the supernovae (SNe) products were retained within globular clusters and only in the most massive cases (M ≥ 106 M⊙), while less massive clusters were not contaminated at all by SNe. Here, we show that SN blast waves evolving in a steep density gradient undergo blowout and end up discharging their energy and metals into the medium surrounding the clusters. This inhibits the dispersal and the contamination of the gas left over from a first stellar generation. Only the ejecta from well-centered SNe that evolve into a high-density medium available for a second stellar generation (2SG) in the most massive clusters would be retained. These are likely to mix their products with the remaining gas, eventually leading in these cases to an Fe-contaminated 2SG.
Uncovering the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in a purple-leaved variety of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) by transcriptome analysis

Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that has a functional role in plants to attract pollinating insects and is important in stress response. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is known as a nutritional crop with high resistance to drought and barren. However, the molecular mechanism regulating anthocyanin accumulation and the relationship between anthocyanin and the stress resistance of foxtail millet remains obscure. In this study, we screened hundreds of germplasm resources and obtained several varieties with purple plants in foxtail millet. By studying the purple-leaved B100 variety and the control variety, Yugu1 with green leaves, we found that B100 could accumulate a large amount of anthocyanin in the leaf epiderma, and B100 had stronger stress tolerance. Further transcriptome analysis revealed the differences in gene expression patterns between the two varieties. We identified nine genes encoding enzymes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis using quantitative PCR validation that showed significantly higher expression levels in B100 than Yugu1. The results of this study lay the foundation for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in foxtail millet, and provided genetic resources for the molecular breeding of crops with high anthocyanin content.
Chemical Compositions of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Cyclospermum leptophyllum and Its Application as Antibacterial Activity against Some Food Spoilage Bacteria

Cyclospermum leptophyllum is plant species known for its medicinal value and pleasant aroma. The aerial part and plant seeds are traditionally used as food additives as a spice. This study aims to isolate the chemical constituents of essential oil of the aerial part of the plant and study their potential antibacterial activities against some food contaminating bacteria. The essential oil of C. leptophyllum (CSEO) was isolated from aerial parts of the plant species and studied using GC-MS and FTIR techniques. The first four major chemical constituents determined from GC-MS analysis of CSEO (for peak area % ≥ 1.15%) were 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (87.09%), 2-methoxy-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl) benzene (3.09%), 2-methoxy-4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl) benzene (1.71%), and humulene (1.15%). 60%, 30%, 15%, 7.5%, and 3.75% of CSEO solutions were prepared and evaluated for their potential antibacterial activities against six food spoilage pathogenic bacterial strains. Three Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 12228), Streptococcus agalactiae (ATCC 12386) and three Gram-negative strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus mirabilis (ATCC 35659), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were used as test microorganisms. Compared to ciprofloxacin, a positive control, the promising antibacterial activity was observed for CSEO against S. aureus at minimum and maximum test solutions as the values of the zone of inhibition diameter (ZID, mm) were recorded as 14.33 ± 0.58 for 3.75% CSEO solution and 30.67 ± 0.58 for 60% CSEO solution. Tests of CSEO solutions generally showed stronger antibacterial activities against Gram-positive than Gram-negative strains. Therefore, CSEO contains potent chemical constituents that might be applicable in treating pathogenic bacterial species.
Galaxy Mergers at z ≳ 1 in the HUDF: Evidence for a Peak in the Major Merger Rate of Massive Galaxies

We present a measurement of the galaxy merger fraction and number density from observations in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF) for 0.5 ⩽ z ⩽ 2.5. We fit the combination of broadband data and slitless spectroscopy of 1308 galaxies with stellar population synthesis models to select merging systems based on a stellar mass of ≥1010 M☉. When correcting for mass incompleteness, the major merger fraction is not simply proportional to (1 + z)m but appears to peak at zfrac ≃ 1.3 ± 0.4. From this merger fraction, we infer that ~42% of massive galaxies have undergone a major merger since z ≃ 1. We show that the major merger number density peaks at zdens ≃ 1.2, which marks the epoch where major merging of massive galaxies is most prevalent. This critical redshift is comparable to the peak of the cosmic star formation rate density and occurs roughly 2.6 Gyr earlier in cosmic time than the peak in the number density of the X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei. These observations support an indirect evolutionary link between merging, starburst, and active galaxies.
Contrôlabilité exacte des ondes dans des ouverts peu réguliers

e exacte. Abstract. We extend the results of C. Bardos, G. Lebeau and J. Rauch about the exact controlability of the wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions to the case of C 3 domains and C 2 coefficients. Using H-measures (or mesures de d´ microlocales), we obtain sharp sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for the exact controlability.
CONFINED POPULATION III ENRICHMENT AND THE PROSPECTS FOR PROMPT SECOND-GENERATION STAR FORMATION

It is widely recognized that nucleosynthetic output of the first Population III supernovae was a catalyst defining the character of subsequent stellar generations. Most of the work on the earliest enrichment was carried out assuming that the first stars were extremely massive and that the associated supernovae were unusually energetic, enough to completely unbind the baryons in the host cosmic minihalo and disperse the synthesized metals into the intergalactic medium. Recent work, however, suggests that the first stars may in fact have been somewhat less massive, with a characteristic mass scale of a few tens of solar masses. We present a cosmological simulation following the transport of the metals synthesized in a Population III supernova assuming that it had an energy of 1051 erg, compatible with standard Type II supernovae. A young supernova remnant is inserted in the first star's relic H ii region in the free expansion phase and is followed for 40 Myr employing adaptive mesh refinement and Lagrangian tracer particle techniques. The supernova remnant remains partially trapped within the minihalo, and the thin snowplow shell develops pronounced instability and fingering. Roughly half of the ejecta turn around and fall back toward the center of the halo, with 1% of the ejecta reaching the center in ∼30 kyr and 10% in ∼10 Myr. The average metallicity of the combined returning ejecta and the pristine filaments feeding into the halo center from the cosmic web is ∼0.001–0.01 Z☉, but the two remain unmixed until accreting onto the central hydrostatic core that is unresolved at the end of the simulation. We conclude that if Population III stars had less extreme masses, they promptly enriched the host minihalos with metals and triggered Population II star formation.
An Electrically Small Antenna With Quasi-Isotropic Coverage for Linearly Polarized Receiver

An electrically small antenna (ESA) for a linearly polarized (LP) receiver with quasi-isotropic coverage is developed and investigated by theoretical and experimental analyses. This antenna comprises two perpendicular positioned split-ring resonators (SRRs) and a fixed pad. Each SRR could generate a quasi-isotropic radiation with a gain difference of around 3 dB, which is attributed to the fields’ combination of the equivalent magnetic and electric dipoles. By regulating the antenna configuration of the orthogonal substrates, the developed antenna could also produce a quasi-isotropic coverage. At the same time, a circularly polarized characteristic in the maximum radiation direction can be achieved, which is exactly the direction of the largest polarization mismatch level (PML) value of the developed ESA for the LP receiver. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, which demonstrates that this proposed antenna could realize a quasi-isotropic coverage in the whole space for the LP receiver with the measured gain difference of about 1.42 dB. This developed ESA reveals an electrically small size (0.19 $\times0.15\,\,\times 0.15\lambda ^{3}$ , ka $=0.89$ ) and radiation efficiency of 91% with a fractional bandwidth of 1.6% at the center frequency of 748.5 MHz. Moreover, the measured and simulated realized gain differences of the quasi-isotropic ESA are, respectively, 3.33 and 2.77 dB, which demonstrates that the ESA has a very good uniform quasi-isotropic coverage of the whole space.