Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serum Complement Activation by Aggregated IgG Amount

The first component of human complement (C1) 1 is comprised of three glycoprotein subunits, Clq, Clr, and Cls, held together in a calcium-dependent complex (1-3). The interaction of the Clq subunit with immune complexes triggers a series of intramolecular changes in the C1 molecule leading to the conversion of C lr and C ls from inactive precursor molecules to active proteases, thus initiating the classical complement pathway, and with it the numerous biological manifestations of complement (4-8). Although physicochemical changes in the individual subunits have been documented (9-12), the correlates of these events in macromolecular C1 have not been thoroughly analyzed. We have recently reported that macromolecular C1 as well as free Cls can be directly demonstrated and quantitated in human serum by single and double immunodiffusion techniques. 2 In the course of these studies it became apparent that activated C1 gave a very different precipitation pattern than native C1 with antisera to Clq, Clr, and Cls in double immunodiffusion analyses. The progressive changes in the C10uch t e r l ony pattern, which are due to C1 dissociation and also alterations in antigenicity of the subunits, are described here. Furthermore, it is possible to measure some of these alterations by single radial diffusion techniques and thus directly quanti tate C1 activation in human sera.
FREQUENCY OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL AND GENERAL FEMALE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objectives: To find out the frequency of psychiatric disorders among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic and to compare these disorders with those of non-pregnant females attending general female OPD. Study Design: It was a cross sectional comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: It was carried out in the department of Psychiatry in collaboration with Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Combined Military Hospital Lahore from February 2006 to August 2006. Patients and Methods: Convenience non-probability sample was used for the selection of the subjects. The study population consisted of a total of 200 females, out of which 100 were pregnant women reporting for routine ante natal checkup and 100 non-pregnant females reporting to non-psychiatric general female OPD. After screening by General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ12), 96 subjects were excluded on the basis of GHQ 12 scoring and 104 were selected for interview to find out any psychiatric disorder among them. Psychiatric diagnosis was made on the basis of ICD-10 diagnostic guidelines. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14. Results: Psychiatric disorders were seen in 65 (65%) females attending antenatal clinic, as compared to 27(27%) non-pregnant females attending general female OPD. Depression in 29 (39.7%) was the leading disorder in pregnant group, followed by anxiety related disorders like somatoform disorder in 11 (15.1%), mixed anxiety and depression 8 (11%), dissociative disorder 4 (5.5%), adjustment disorder 4 (5.5%), generalized anxiety disorder 3 (4.1%), Obsessive compulsive disorder 3 (4.1%), phobic anxiety disorder 2 (2.7%) and Panic disorder 1 (1.4%). Conclusion: Substantial number of pregnant women reporting in obstetric unit suffer from psychiatric disorders, which are same as in non-pregnant females. However the frequency of these disorders was more in pregnant group. Further investigations in this area are required to improve the plight of pregnant women.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Upper Egypt Villages and Obesity: Targets and Therapy

Background: A large percentage of diabetic patients also have other components of metabolic syndrome, which is a group of cardiovascular (CV) hazard factors related to both diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We do not know about the prevalence of CV risk factors in diabetic patients in Upper Egypt. We aimed to assess the CV risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients in Upper Egypt villages. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 800 patients with type 2 DM. We classified the participants into three groups according to the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. We assessed the prevalence of other cardiovascular risk factors and their association with HbA1c levels through a detailed history, full clinical examination, and laboratory tests. Results: We found that 75% of the participants were males, 25.5% elderly, 60.25% had hypertension, 60.75% had dyslipidemia, 33.25% were overweight or obese, 19.75% had a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), 55.75% had established CVD, 42.5% were smokers, and only 12.25% were physically inactive. We found that 84% of the participants had ≥ two cardiovascular risk factors other than DM. HbA1c level was ≥ 7% in 77% of patients. After multivariate regression analysis, we found a significant association of higher systolic blood pressure (BP), more elevated diastolic BP, higher body mass index (BMI), increased waist circumference, old age, long duration of DM, and an increase in the number of clustered CV risk factors with a higher HbA1c level. At the same time, insulin therapy was significantly associated with a lower HbA1c level. Conclusion: All type 2 diabetic patients in Upper Egypt villages have other associated CV risk factors. The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors showed a significant association with higher HbA1c levels. These findings require the thought of associated CV risk factors in choosing medical treatments to optimize glycemic control and multifactorial intervention to improve CV risk.
Optimization and study of variables in microwave assisted organic synthesis of some biologically active chalcones

Chalcones are α,β-unsaturated ketone compounds, constituting an important class of natural products belonging to the flavonoid family. They have been reported to possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, including anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti- tumor, anti-malarial, anti-fungal and anti-viral etc. Thus, synthesis of Chalcones has generated great interest among organic as well as medicinal chemists. This synthesis can be achieved by conventional methods or by Greener methods, like Microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS). Advantages of microwave synthesis over conventional synthesis include energy efficient reactions, less consumption of time to complete the reaction and improved yields. The conventional technique for any organic synthesis suffers from several pitfalls such as utilization of more time, energy and efforts, wastage of solvents and reactants and compromised yields. These inconsistencies can be overcome by the use of optimization techniques. Optimization techniques require lesser experiments to achieve an optimum result, yields “best” solution in presence of competing objectives, makes problem tracing and rectification quite easy. Optimization techniques encompass experimental design, mathematical models and graphical outcomes. With this background, in present work, eight Chalcones were synthesized using Microwaves. The synthetic procedure was optimized using 3 2 Factorial design as the statistical technique. Yield and time required to complete reaction were considered as response factors. The validation of optimized solutions was also performed.
the Host Response to Pathogenic Invasion The Inflammatory Caspases: Key Players in

are cysteinyl-aspartate-specific proteinases known for their role in apoptosis (cell death or apoptotic caspases) and proinflammatory cytokine maturation (in-flammatory caspases). The inflammatory caspases were among the first to be discovered, but only recently have the mechanisms leading to their activation and inhibition be-gun to be elucidated. In this review, we examine the bio-chemistry, substrates, and function of this unique family of inflammatory proteases, highlight the most recent find-ings regarding their regulatory mechanisms, and discuss what remains to be understood about their roles in health and disease. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 4239–4245.
ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES COMPOUNDS FROM CANTHIAM COROMENDELICUM

The present study deals with the identifying a Squalene from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical application. Squalene was isolated from Canthiam coromendelicum using soxhlet apparatus. Methanol is a good solvent for extraction of the Squalene. The crude extractions of C. coromendelicum shows many Secondary metabolites present in the extracts such as Squalene, phytol, n-Butyl are major compounds to find out from the plant profile using GC-MS, UV-Vis, FT-IR, HPTLC, NMR and Mass. Then it was used for further pharmaceutical applications such as antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity assay. The Squalene possess enhanced characteristic of antioxidant activity against for their free radicals (DPPH, NO, SO, H 2 O 2 ), antibacterial activity against Salmonella typi , E. Coli, Pseudomonas putida , Staphylococcus aureus. It shows good cytotoxicity activity against Hep-2 Heptadecanoic acid,3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl -2-hexadecen-1-ol, heptadecyl ester. Chromatographic methods (column chromatography, to monitor the squalene the in
1371 Locally Up-regulated Lymphotoxin (cid:2) , Not Systemic Tumor Necrosis Factor (cid:2) , Is the Principle Mediator of Murine Cerebral

Kingdom Abstract Cerebral malaria (CM) causes death in children and nonimmune adults. TNF- (cid:2) has been thought to play a key role in the development of CM. In contrast, the role of the related cytokine lymphotoxin (cid:2) (LT (cid:2) ) in CM has been overlooked. Here we show that LT (cid:2) , not TNF (cid:2) , is the principal mediator of murine CM. Mice deficient in TNF (cid:2) (B6.TNF (cid:2) (cid:3) / (cid:3) ) were as susceptible to CM caused by Plasmodium berghei (ANKA) as C57BL/6 mice, and died 6 to 8 d after infection after developing neurological signs of CM, associated with perivascular brain hemorrhage. Significantly, the development of CM in B6.TNF (cid:2) (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice was not associated with increased intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 expression on cerebral vasculature and the intralumi-nal accumulation of complement receptor 3 (CR3)-positive leukocytes was moderate. In contrast, mice deficient in LT (cid:2) (B6.LT (cid:2) (cid:3) / (cid:3) ) were completely resistant to CM and died 11 to 14 d after infection with severe anemia and hyperparasitemia. No difference in blood parasite burden was found between C57BL/6, B6.TNF (cid:2) (cid:3) / (cid:3) , and B6.LT (cid:2) (cid:3) / (cid:3) mice at the onset of CM symptoms in the two susceptible strains. In addition, studies in bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice showed the persistence of cerebral LT (cid:2) mRNA after irradiation and engraftment of LT (cid:2) -defi-cient BM, indicating that LT (cid:2) originated from a radiation-resistant cell
A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON THE SYMPTOMS OF UTERINE POLYPS AND VARIATIONS IN SIZE AND SHAPES

: Objective: In this research, our objective was to determine an association between clinical signs, size and location of uterine polyps. Methodology: Our cross-sectional design research was completed at Mayo Hospital Lahore. We evaluated all the patients who experienced office hysteroscopy and also diagnosed polyp through hysteroscopic assessment. These patients formed the research population as we assessed them for hysteroscopic outcomes such as polyp’s location, size and various other clinical presentations like AUB (Abnormal Uterine Bleeding), infertility, dysmenorrhea, discharge and discharge and spotting. Results: We evaluated 124 patients who experienced office hysteroscopy and also diagnosed polyp through hysteroscopic assessment. The polyp was commonly located at two sights which include AUB and cervical canal with various clinical features; moreover, cornea and cervical canal had a polyp size of (≤ 1) centimetres. On the other hand, the reported size of polyp near internal os and the uterine cavity was (> 1) centimetres. Conclusion: It is reported in the outcomes of the research paper that the important factor of polyp which cannot be neglected as its location. The polyp was mostly found in the area of the uterine cavity in the patients diagnosed with AUB; whereas, it was reported in the cervical canal in the patients who experienced discharge and spotting.
Aberystwyth Small temporal differences in water uptake among varities of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) are critical for grain yield under terminal drought.

Background and aim Intuitively, access to water from the soil at key phenological stages is important for adaptation to drought. This study aimed to assess the temporal pattern of water extraction under terminal drought stress. Methods Pearl millet genotypes with varying levels of terminal drought tolerance were grown in a lysimetric system with a soil volume and plant spacing similar to field conditions. Water extraction was monitored until maturity under differing water regimes. Results The yield did not differ among genotypes under well-watered (WW) conditions, and the water extraction profile of WW plants was similar across all genotypes. In contrast, the yield of sensitive genotypes was 30 – 100 % lower than that of tolerant lines under water stress (WS). The total volumes of water extracted by tolerant and sensitive genotypes were similar under WS; however, tolerant genotypes extracted less water prior to anthesis, and more water after anthesis. Grain yield was positively related to the amount of water extracted during week three after panicle emergence. Increased water extraction after anthesis benefitted the tillers more than the main culm and was correlated with higher staygreen scores. Conclusion Increased water uptake after anthesis, which results from earlier water conservation during pre-anthesis, increases yield under terminal drought in pearl millet. The water stress treatments were a combination of late stress (LS) and early stress (ES) applied in lysimeters with either an initial full soil moisture profile (FP) or an initial unfilled soil moisture profile (UP). The pearl millet genotypes contrasted for a terminal drought tolerance QTL. Two-way ANOVA was used to determine genotype (G), treatment (T), and genotype-by-treatment interaction (GxT) effects as well as least significant differences (LSDs)
Effects of elevated [CO 2 ] and/or ozone on limitations to CO 2 assimilation in soybean ( Glycine max )

and the % RuBP decreased, to become non significant in elevated [CO 2 ] from the beginning of seed growth Soybean ( Glycine max ) was grown in open-top field on, and in O 3 -fumigated air at ambient [CO 2 ] at the chambers at ambient (360 m mol mol − 1 ) or doubled seed maturation stage. The decrease in % RuBP [CO 2 ] either in charcoal-filtered air (20 nmol mol − 1 occured concomitantly with an increase in A max and [O 3 ]) or in non-filtered air supplemented to 1.5 × Chl . Significant [CO 2 ] × [O 3 ] interactions support the ambient [O 3 ] (70 nmol mol − 1 ) to determine the major lack of an O 3 effect on assimilation and its limitations limitations to assimilation under conditions of elevated at elevated [CO 2 ] during seed maturation. These data [CO 2 ] and/or [O 3 ]. Through plant ontogeny, assimila-suggest that elevated [CO 2 ] alleviated some of the tion versus intercellular CO 2 concentration ( A / C i ) effects of O 3 on photosynthesis. responses were measured to assess the limitations to assimilation imposed by the capacity for Rubisco carb-Key oxylation, RuBP regeneration, and stomatal diffusion. In the vegetative stages, no significant treatment regeneration. effects
Overview of very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs) and their therapeutic potential

In recent years, the progress of stem cell research along with the need for stem cell-based therapy, has brought researchers to focus on finding new stem cell populations, which hold advantages over the already known. For that reason, the ethical, histocompatibility and technological issues have led scientists to discover a new stem cell population, namely, very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs). These cells were characterized as small-seized, quiescent with high nuclei/cytoplasmic ratio and open type euchromatin. The most significant property is that they express several pluripotent stem cells markers and demonstrate the ability to differentiate into three germ-layer lineages. A lot of studies have already been performed for murine VSELs, only a few for human VSELs and all the results demonstrate that these stem cells can regenerate a lot of tissues and organs and maybe they play an important role in aging. However, further clinical and research studies on these cells need to be performed in the following years. In this paper, we will emphasize on the properties of VSELs and we will examine the therapeutic potential and the advantages they may hold.
A Representation of Certain Answers for Views and Queries with Negation

—The paper is about databases content processing, namely query processing. Certain answers are very important in the study of the data complexity of the problem of answering queries using materialized views and constitute a semantics of query answers in mediated integration systems. The computing of these answers depends on database and view models, and the case when the negation occurs was not studied. In this paper, we give a representation of certain answer sets where both the query and the views are expressed in conjunctive form with negation. Using this representation, a method to compute the certain answers for the open-world and close-world assumptions is given.
HUMAN TECHNO-EVOLUTION AND THE FUTURE

21 TECHNE Special Series Vol. 2 2021 ISSN online: 2239-0243 | © 2021 Firenze University Press | http://www.fupress. com/techne DOI: 10.13128/techne-10674 Material cultures are the result of human ingenuity and aim at a purpose: a very basic notion of “technology”. They have surrounded the birth of human babies for more than three million years, much earlier than previously thought. In 2015, the discovery of an enigmatic lithic industry was announced at the Lomekwi 3 site on the western shore of Lake Turkana in Kenya, surprisingly dated to 3.3 million years ago, that is, more than half a million years older than the first known fossil belonging to the genus Homo. We have to rewrite the textbooks because it is unlikely that Homo habilis was the first human to build and manipulate tools (Harmand et al., 2015). He no longer deserves his surname. Lomekwi’s tools are rudimentary and often unfinished, but already diversified: they are a lithic “industry” in all respects, not a failed experiment of occasional creativity. We do not know which technologist hominin made them: in those regions in Africa, at that time, australopithecines of the A. afarensis species (like Lucy) and their Kenyanthropus cousins circulated. They had a brain that was a third of ours. Our brains develop for two thirds after birth. Thus, the experiences, the care we receive, the family and social context in which we grow, the encounters that happen to us, the games with friends, what we learn by social imitation, and so on, literally carve our brains (Dehaene et al., 2015). Therefore, in the past, the tools and technological (bodily and mental) prostheses that we learned to use, that surrounded us since we were born and that perhaps we ourselves contributed to invent or improve, shaped our brains (Wrangham, 2009). Fire, cooking food, group life have transformed the environment around us, making it more permissive, relaxing natural selection, so allowing the affirmation of costly adaptations such as neoteny (the retention of juvenile traits in adults, our developmental secret) and articulated language. Long after, when the last glaciation ended 11.700 years ago, after a long period of trials and errors (intuitive selection of plants for feeding and self-medication, flour production, and so on), some populations of Homo sapiens learned to systematically domesticate plants and animals in several regions of the globe. Today, we think of agriculture as the domain of the “natural”, but actually it was the largest technological experiment in the engineering of terrestrial ecosystems ever done. Some plant and animal species started to produce goods useful to humanity, as of course they would never have done. Artificial selection has radically transformed them, morphologically and genetically. Nevertheless, from their point of view, domesticated plants and animals have cleverly used us humans as vehicles of diffusion. As a result, ecologically and geologically speaking, the Earth has never been the same via technologies. The Anthropocene is an old story. Telmo Pievani, Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
A Phase II Study of Apatinib in Patients with Chemotherapy-Refractory Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESO-Shanghai 11) Clinical Trial Results

endpoints included OS (the time from apatinib taking until death from any cause) and investigator-assessed ORR (the percentage of patients whose best overall response was either a complete response or partial response). The proportion of patients with DCR was de ﬁ ned as complete response (CR), PR, or SD, and objective response was considered a reduction in tumor size. RECIST version 1.1 was used to assess tumor response every 30 days. If patients had obvious tumor necrosis and cavitation of lung metastasis after treatment, the response was also evaluated by mRECIST. Two independent radiologists who were blind to the treatment had to agree on evidence of ef ﬁ cacy. Pretreatment evaluation included physical examination, baseline laboratory tests (complete blood count; hepatic and renal function, coagulation function), and MRI or CT scan of measurable lesions at baseline. Assessment of toxicity was performed biweekly. Complete blood counts were performed weekly; hepatic, renal, and coagulation function tests were performed monthly. Physical examinations, MRI, or CT scans of measurable lesions were assessed monthly. MRI or CT scans could be sched- uled ahead of time if there was evidence of substantial progression. Patients were observed until death or loss to follow-up. The primary endpoint was PFS. Previous data report a median PFS of less than 1 month for patients without treatment. The single-stage study design was built around a null rate of 25% PFS at 2 months and required 33 patients to detect an absolute difference of 25% for a target rate of 50% PFS at 2 months. The trial was designed to have a 5% chance of a type 1 error and 90% power. The study was considered to reach the primary endpoint if 13 or more patients did not progress at 2 months. We expected a dropout or nonevaluable rate of 20%. An estimated 40 patients needed to be enrolled. Analysis of PFS was performed using Kaplan-Meier for OS. Signi ﬁ cance was set at p = . 05. Two cases of massive fatal bronchopulmonary hemorrhage and one case of esophageal ﬁ stula occurred in patients with uncontrolled primary tumors (3/5, 60%). conducted an analysis excluding the patients with uncontrolled primary tumors. This subset analysis suggested that the DCR