Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal cell fate determination in the spinal cord is mediated by the duration of Notch signalling

During neural development, progenitor cells generate different types of neurons in specific time windows. Despite the characterisation of many of the transcription factor networks involved in these differentiation events, the mechanism behind their temporal regulation is poorly understood. To address this question, we studied the temporal differentiation of the simple lateral floor plate (LFP) domain in the zebrafish spinal cord. LFP progenitors sequentially generate early-born Kolmer-Agduhr” (KA”) interneurons and late-born V3 interneurons. Analysis using a Notch signalling reporter demonstrates that these cell populations have distinct Notch signalling profiles. Not only do V3 cells receive higher total levels of Notch response, but they collect this response over a longer duration compared to V3 cells. To test whether the duration of Notch signalling determines the temporal cell fate specification, we combined a transgene that constitutively activates Notch signalling in the ventral spinal cord with a heat shock inducible Notch signalling terminator to switch off Notch response at any given time. Sustained Notch signalling results in expanded LFP progenitors while KA” and V3 interneurons fail to specify. Early termination of Notch signalling leads to exclusively KA” cell fate, despite the high level of Notch signalling, whereas late attenuation of Notch signalling drives only V3 cell fate. This suggests that the duration of Notch signalling is instructive in cell fate specification. Interestingly, knockdown experiments reveal a role for the Notch ligand Jag2b in maintaining LFP progenitors and limiting their differentiation into KA” and V3 cells. Our results indicate that Notch signalling is required for neural progenitor maintenance while a specific attenuation timetable defines the fate of the postmitotic progeny.
Unsupervised Wireless Network Model-Assisted Abnormal Warning Information in Government Management

The data generated through telecommunication networks has grown exponentially in the last few years, and the resulting traffic data is unlikely to be processed and analyzed by manual style, especially detecting unintended traffic consumption from normal patterns remains an important issue. This area is critical because anomalies may lead to a reduction in network efficiency. The origin of these anomalies may be a technical problem in a cell or a fraudulent intrusion in the network. Usually, they need to be identified and fixed as soon as possible. Therefore, in order to identify these anomalies, data-driven systems using machine learning algorithms are developed with the aim from the raw data to identify and alert the occurrence of anomalies. Unsupervised learning methods can spontaneously describe the data structure and derive network patterns, which is effective for identifying unintended anomalous behavior and detecting new types of anomalies in a timely manner. In this paper, we use different unsupervised models to analyze traffic data in wireless networks, focusing on models that analyze traffic data combined with timeline information. The factor analysis method is used to derive the results of factor analysis, obtain the three major public factors and comprehensive factor scores, and combine the results with the BP neural network model to conduct a nonlinear simulation study on local governmental debt risk. A potential semantic analysis model based on Gaussian probability is presented and compared with other methods, and experimental results show that this model can provide a robust, over-the-top anomaly detection in a fully automated, data-driven solution.
Applications of artificial intelligence in urological setting: a hopeful path to improved care

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been introduced in urology research and practice. Application of AI leads to better accuracy of disease diagnosis and predictive model for monitoring of responses to medical treatments. This mini-review article aims to summarize current applications and development of AI in urology setting, in particular for diagnosis and treatment of urological diseases. This review will introduce that machine learning algorithm-based models will enhance the prediction accuracy for various bladder diseases including interstitial cystitis, bladder cancer, and reproductive urology.
Review: Performance of Biochar under Diminish Water Stress in Plants

ABSTRACT Drought stress adversely affects soil and plant characteristics. The addition of biochar alleviates the adverse impact of drought stress on plants. The plants’ morphological, physiological performance and nutrient uptake are highly enhanced after biochar addition (BA) under drought-stress conditions. Biochar improves the water retention and the physical and biological properties of soils. Uptake of sodium (Na+) ions decreased in biochar-amended soil, which leads to makes other cations such as potassium (K+) uptake by plants. Biochar is characterized by high surface area (SA), cation exchange capacity (CEC), high water-holding capacity (WHC), size pore (PS). Those aforementioned properties are subjected to pyrolysis temperature and feedstock of biochar. Studies of biochar suggest that it might progress fertility of soil and maximize crop yields when iapplied to soil with a suitable application rates. This review highlights the capability of biochar in addressing drought stress on plants and its future prospect.
Nanoencapsulation of Polyphenols towards Dairy Beverage Incorporation

Phenolic compounds, while widely recognized for their biological potential, when added into food matrixes may interact with food constituents. One example of this is the interaction between phenolic compounds and proteins, that may result in the formation of complexes and alter the bioavailability of both phenolic compounds and the nutrient availability. Moreover, when adding compounds to improve the functionality of a food matrix, these interactions may compromise the perceived benefits of the additions. Nanoencapsulation has been considered one of the means to circumvent these interactions, as they may function as a physical barrier between the phenolic compounds and the matrix (preventing not only the loss of bioactivity, but eventual sensorial alterations of the foods), protect phenolic compounds through the gastrointestinal tract, and may enhance phenolic absorption through cellular endocytosis. However, despite these advantages the food industry is still limited in its nanotechnological solutions, as special care must be taken to use food-grade encapsulants which will not pose any deleterious effect towards human health. Therefore, this review aims to provide an encompassing view of the existing advantages and limitations of nanotechnology, associated with the inclusion of phenolic compounds in dairy beverages.
Pengaruh Aerasi dan Penambahan Nitrogen terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Nannochloropsis sp.

Indonesia has plenty of natural resources which has not utilized yet, such as microalgae. Many valuable components, such as natural antioxidants which can be explored from it. The goal of this research is to maximize the growth of microalgae (Nannochloropsis sp.) so that it can produce more biomass. The variables observed were the addition of oxygen through aeration and nitrogen using NaNO3 nutrients (450 μmol/L, 600 μmol/L, 750 μmol/L, and 900 μmol/L) during the growth of microalgae. The amount of biomass produced was measured using centrifuge and drying method. The results showed that the aeration and the addition of NaNO3 nutrients could increase the growth rate and yield of biomass from Nannochloropsis sp. The optimum condition was obtained at the cultivation with aeration and 900 μmol/L NaNO3 added. The highest biomass produced was 25.975 g (dry basis)/L medium.
Taxonomic implications of recent molecular analyses of Spectacled (Symposiachrus trivirgatus) and Spot-winged (S. guttula) Monarchs (Passeriformes: Monarchidae)

ABSTRACT Genomic approaches to phylogeography routinely reveal that our estimates of species level diversity within island systems are woefully underappreciated. A recent analysis of population genetics, phylogeography and historical demography of two pied monarchs (Monarchidae), the Spectacled (Symposiachrus trivirgatus) and Spot-winged Monarchs (S. guttula), uncovered unexpected instances of paraphyly and genetic diversity. Here, we discuss the taxonomic implications for these species complexes and recommend recognising three species within what has been considered S. trivirgatus. We defer the naming of a genetically distinct and admixed population of S. guttula on Gag Island, Indonesia, and, pending further study, we advocate continued recognition of this species as monotypic. This study highlights cryptic diversity in the Indo-Pacific species complex and the need for thoroughly sampled phylogenomic datasets to reconcile taxonomy with the complex evolutionary history of birds in this region.
Chapter 3:NSR Catalytic Materials

Imagined in the 1990s, the NOx-storage and reduction (NSR) process operates with alternative cycles of long lean phases (NOx storage) and short rich phases (NOx reduction). NSR catalysts should possess at least two components: a basic oxide for trapping the NOx and a metallic component for the NO oxidation and the reduction of stored NOx. The reference material is composed of barium oxide (10–20 wt%) deposited on a Pt/Al2O3 (1–2% Pt). Improvements of NSR catalysts were obtained by changing (i) the basic component (especially potassium but it can also damage the catalyst substrate; other alkaline or alkaline-earth oxides were also envisaged); (ii) the support (especially cerium-based supports, or titania, hydrotalcites, perovskites); (iii) the metal (Rh is often added to improve the NOx reduction, and combinations of precious metals are considered). Noble metal-free catalysts were also developed, mainly based on cobalt, copper or manganese oxides. Perovskites including these transition metal oxides and potassium are also interesting for NSR applications. However, complete replacement of noble metal catalysts cannot be feasible yet. Usual NSR catalysts are sensitive to aging (sintering; strong Ba–support interactions) and to sulphur poisoning but supports like TiO2 or cerium-based oxides can protect the catalyst from stable sulphate adsorption.
Dual-Band Four-Antenna Module Covering N78/N79 Based on PIFA for 5G Terminals

To satisfy the requirement of the sub-6 GHz bands coverage and the 4 × 4 multiple-input--multiple-output (MIMO) specification for fifth-generation (5G) era, a dual-band four-antenna module covering partial 5G bands N78 (3.4–3.6 GHz) and N79 (4.8–4.9 GHz) is proposed for 5G terminal applications. Based on a quarter-circle-shaped dual-mode slotted planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), the two target bands are covered by the fundamental TM11 mode and a hybrid higher-order mode combined by quasi-TM11 and quasi-TM0,1/2 modes. The four-antenna module is composed of four such PIFA elements that are arranged in a sequentially rotated layout. It presents a circular shape with a diameter of 39.4 mm and is with a low profile of 1.2 mm. The measured results show that the reflection coefficients of the four elements basically cover the target bands; across N78 and N79, the isolations are better than 8.5 and 17.6 dB for the neighboring elements, and 19.4 and 18.5 dB for the diagonal elements; the average total efficiencies of the four elements are between 38.3% and 39.5% for N78 and 39.3% and 42.6% for N79; all the envelope correlation coefficients are lower than 0.42.
Multiscale Network Model for Fibrin Fibers and Fibrin Clot with Protofibril Binding Mechanics

The multiscale behavior of the individual fibrin fibers and fibrin clots is modeled by coupling atomistic simulation data and microscopic experimental data. We propose a protofibril element made up of nonlinear spring network, constructed based on the molecular simulation and atomic force microscopy results to simulate the force extension behavior of fibrin fibers. This new network model also accounts for the complex interaction of protofibrils with each other, effect of presence of solvent, Coulombic attraction and other binding forces. The network model is applied to simulate the force extension behavior of single fibrin fiber from atomic force microscopy experiments and shows good agreement. Thus validated fibrin fiber network model is then combined with a modified version of Arruda-Boyce eight chain model to estimate the force extension behavior of continuum level fibrin clot, which shows very good correlation. The results show that this network model is able to predict the behavior of fibrin fibers as well as fibrin clot at small strains, large strains and even closer to the break strain. We use the network model to explain why the fibrin clots and fibers doesn't behave like a worm like chain, instead behaves like a nonlinear spring.
Digestore anaerobico da laboratorio del Centro di Ricerca sulle Biomasse

La produzione di metano attraverso la digestione anaerobica a partire da biomasse residuali sta assumendo un ruolo di crescente importanza nel panorama energetico mondiale. Tuttavia pochi sono i dati disponibili in Letteratura sui bilanci di massa ed energia per il processo di digestione anaerobica, che sono invece di grande interesse sia per condurre studi di fattibilità che per eseguire una corretta progettazione degli impianti. Nel presente lavoro sono descritte le attività che il Centro di Ricerca sulle Biomasse sta portando avanti nel settore della digestione anaerobica. Sono riportati i risultati di prime prove sperimentali di digestione anaerobica condotte su campioni di alghe di lago, impiegando come digestori recipienti di vetro ermeticamente chiusi. Sono illustrate le fasi di progettazione e realizzazione di un digestore da laboratorio di tipo batch, dotato di un sistema di monitoraggio ed acquisizione dei principali parametri di processo; infine è descritto un gasometro per il monitoraggio della produzione giornaliera di biogas in fase di realizzazione presso i laboratori del Centro. DIGESTORE ANAEROBICO DA LABORATORIO DEL CENTRO DI RICERCA SULLE BIOMASSE
Surface–atmosphere exchange of water-soluble gases and aerosols above agricultural grassland pre- and post-fertilisation

Abstract. The increasing use of intensive agricultural practices can lead to damaging consequences for the atmosphere through enhanced emissions of air pollutants. However, there are few direct measurements of the surface–atmosphere exchange of trace gases and water-soluble aerosols over agricultural grassland, particularly of reactive nitrogen compounds. In this study, we present measurements of the concentrations, fluxes and deposition velocities of the trace gases HCl, HONO, HNO3, SO2 and NH3, and their associated water-soluble aerosol counterparts Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, SO42−, NH4+ as determined hourly for one month in May–June 2016 over agricultural grassland pre- and post-fertilisation. Measurements were made using the Gradient of Aerosols and Gases Online Registration (GRAEGOR) wet–chemical two–point gradient instrument. Emissions of NH3 peaked at 1460 ng m−2 s−1 three hours after fertilisation, with an emission of HONO peaking at 4.92 ng m−2 s−1 occurring five hours after fertilisation. Apparent emissions of NO3− aerosol were observed after fertilisation which, coupled with a divergence of HNO3 deposition velocity (Vd) from its theoretical maximum value, suggested the reaction of emitted NH3 with atmospheric HNO3 to form ammonium nitrate aerosol. The use of the conservative exchange fluxes of tot-NH4+ and tot-NO3− indicated net emission of tot-NO3−, implying a ground source of HNO3 after fertilisation. Daytime concentrations of HONO remained above the detection limit (30 ng m−3) throughout the campaign, suggesting a daytime source for HONO at the site. Whilst the mean Vd of NH4+ was with 0.93 mm/s in the range expected for the accumulation mode, the larger average Vd for Cl− (3.65 mm/s), NO3− (1.97 mm/s), SO42− (1.89 mm/s) reflected the contribution of a super-micron fraction and decreased with increasing PM2.5 / PM10 ratio (a proxy measurement for aerosol size), providing direct evidence of a size-dependence of aerosol deposition velocity for aerosol chemical compounds.
Digital Ethics as Translational Ethics

There are growing calls for more digital ethics, largely in response to the many problems that have occurred with digital technologies. However, there has been less clarity about exactly what this might mean. This chapter argues first that ethical decisions and considerations are ubiquitous within the creation of digital technology. Ethical analyses cannot be treated as a secondary or optional aspect of technology creation. This argument does not specify the content of digital ethics, though, and so further research is needed. This chapter then argues that this research must take the form of translational ethics: a robust, multi-disciplinary effort to translate the abstract results of ethical research into practical guidance for technology creators. Examples are provided of this kind of translation from principles to different types of practices.
Deep Learning-Based Optimal Smart Shoes Sensor Selection for Energy Expenditure and Heart Rate Estimation

Wearable technologies are known to improve our quality of life. Among the various wearable devices, shoes are non-intrusive, lightweight, and can be used for outdoor activities. In this study, we estimated the energy consumption and heart rate in an environment (i.e., running on a treadmill) using smart shoes equipped with triaxial acceleration, triaxial gyroscope, and four-point pressure sensors. The proposed model uses the latest deep learning architecture which does not require any separate preprocessing. Moreover, it is possible to select the optimal sensor using a channel-wise attention mechanism to weigh the sensors depending on their contributions to the estimation of energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR). The performance of the proposed model was evaluated using the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Moreover, the RMSE was 1.05 ± 0.15, MAE 0.83 ± 0.12 and R2 0.922 ± 0.005 in EE estimation. On the other hand, and RMSE was 7.87 ± 1.12, MAE 6.21 ± 0.86, and R2 0.897 ± 0.017 in HR estimation. In both estimations, the most effective sensor was the z axis of the accelerometer and gyroscope sensors. Through these results, it is demonstrated that the proposed model could contribute to the improvement of the performance of both EE and HR estimations by effectively selecting the optimal sensors during the active movements of participants.
Eventización: los acontecimientos mediáticos como estrategia pública de legitimación y posicionamiento en la red global de ciudades turísticas

En este artículo se aborda la apuesta decidida del gobierno municipal de Sevilla (Andalucía, España) por programar un calendario ininterrumpido de grandes acontecimientos mediáticos que alcanzan un importante impacto internacional. A través del análisis de los discursos de responsables públicos y privados, en el estudio se constata que esta política municipal de internacionalización y singularización constituye la piedra angular de la estrategia turística, funciona como un eficaz instrumento de legitimación y es una vía para la inmersión de la economía local en la lógica global.
IoT BASED HARDWARE REALISATION FORWATER AND ELECTRICITY SAVING APPLIEDTO HOUSEHOLD APPLICATION

The aim of this article is to conserve water and electricity used in household application particularly in lavatory with next generation technology that is IoT (Internet of Things). Further study on saving of the existing lavatory that should be improved in terms of electricity and water consumption. The microcontroller ATmega328 is used to interface the switch of light, exhaust fan and the inlet valve of water supply. The PIR sensor is used to detect the motion of user inside the lavatory. This will reduce human efforts to control the switch manually by applying this innovative idea in real life scenario, this design can be successfully brought into implementation. The saving in term of water and electricity is presented as results of improvement.
Accuracy and precision of the cosmic‐ray neutron sensor for soil moisture estimation at humid environments

The accuracy and precision of the cosmic‐ray neutron sensor (CRNS) neutron count and soil moisture estimate are affected differently by distinct neutron moderating factors. Moreover, whereas the accuracy can be improved by correcting for different hydrogen pools, the precision can only be improved by increasing the surface area of the CRNS sensors or by increasing the integration time. To date, the effects of different neutron moderating factors on CRNS accuracy and precision are not completely understood. We used data from three agricultural and low biomass sites located within a few kilometres distance from each other in South England. We developed an extended version of the COsmic‐ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code (COSMIC), which included the effects of relevant neutron moderating factors on the neutron counts. With sensitivity analysis, we found atmospheric pressure and soil moisture content to be most influential on neutron count accuracy and precision. These two factors were, respectively, seven and four times more important than soil bulk density, lattice water and soil organic matter. Above ground biomass was substantially less influential compared to these variables. However, because the three sites had similar soil organic matter and meteorology, calibration results showed that differences between sites could be mostly explained by differences in above ground biomass and to a lesser extent intercepted water. The neutron count differences due to above ground biomass corresponded with substantial soil moisture estimate differences up to 0.07cm3cm−3 ; a significant effect on soil moisture accuracy. The precision of the soil moisture estimate was 10 times more sensitive to soil moisture than other factors and was therefore mostly a function of soil moisture content itself. The neutron count integration times required to obtain a soil moisture precision were typically less than a day. Our results are indicative for other humid, temperate, agricultural sites.
Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore Manduca sexta L.

Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant–herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore Manduca sexta. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.