Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do the surface Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals survive disorder?

We theoretically study the topological robustness of the surface physics induced by Weyl Fermi-arc surface states in the presence of short-ranged quenched disorder and surface-bulk hybridization. This is investigated with numerically exact calculations on a lattice model exhibiting Weyl Fermi arcs. We find that the Fermi-arc surface states, in addition to having a finite lifetime from disorder broadening, hybridize with nonperturbative bulk rare states making them no longer bound to the surface (i.e., they lose their purely surface spectral character). Thus, we provide strong numerical evidence that the Weyl Fermi arcs are not topologically protected from disorder. Nonetheless, the surface chiral velocity is robust and survives in the presence of strong disorder, persisting all the way to the Anderson-localized phase by forming localized current loops that live within the localization length of the surface. Thus, the Weyl semimetal is not topologically robust to the presence of disorder, but the surface chiral velocity is.
Energy Extraction from the Einstein-Born-Infeld Black Hole

The energy extraction from a Einstein-Born-Infeld (EBI) black hole is addressed determining the extension of the ergosphere as well as the extractable energy using the irreducible mass concept. These results are compared with the Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) ones; RN is the linear electromagnetic counterpart of the BI black hole. It turns out that for a fixed charge Q, more energy can be extracted from the RN black hole than from the EBI one. The extreme case is investigated as well, presenting remarkable features, for instance that more energy can be extracted from extreme EBI black holes than from extreme RN, however, extreme EBI black holes lack of a linear electromagnetic black hole limit.
DPP-4 Inhibitor Improved the Cognitive Function in Diabetic Rats

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction is a major problem of the international community. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are drugs with hypoglycemic effect widely used in diabetic treatment in clinic. In this article, we studied the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin on cognitive function in diabetic rats. Firstly, to observe cognitive dysfunction caused by diabetes, we built the diabetic rat model. Subsequently, the effect of diabetes on cognitive function was evaluated by Morris Water Maze Task. Thirdly, the mechanism of the alleviation effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on cognitive dysfunction was investigated. Specifically, (1) the anti-inflammation mechanism was revealed by quantifying the accumulation of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus area by western blotting and the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunohistochemistry; (2) the anti-tau phosphorylation mechanism was revealed by quantifying phosphorylated tau by western blotting. This work represents the first study demonstrating the alleviation effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on cognitive dysfunction caused by diabetes. Results obtained here could be useful to seeking for a medical solution with high efficacy to the diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction.
Calibrated, cosmological hydrodynamical simulations with variable IMFs – II. Correlations between the IMF and global galaxy properties

The manner in which the stellar initial mass function (IMF) scales with global galaxy properties is under debate. We use two hydrodynamical, cosmological simulations to predict possible trends for two self-consistent variable IMF prescriptions that, respectively, become locally bottom-heavy or top-heavy in high-pressure environments. Both simulations have been calibrated to reproduce the observed correlation between central stellar velocity dispersion and excess mass-to-light ratio (MLE) relative to a Salpeter IMF by increasing the mass fraction of, respectively, dwarf stars or stellar remnants. We find trends of MLE with galaxy age, metallicity, and [Mg/Fe] that agree qualitatively with observations. Predictions for correlations withexces luminosity, half-light radius, and black hole (BH) mass are presented. The significance of many of these correlations depends sensitively on galaxy selection criteria such as age, luminosity, and morphology. For an IMF with a varying high-mass end, some of these correlations are stronger than the correlation with the birth interstellar medium pressure (the property that governs the form of the IMF) because in this case the MLE has a strong age dependence. Galaxies with large MLE tend to have overmassive central BHs. This indicates that the abnormally high MLE observed in the centres of some high-mass galaxies does not imply that overmassive BHs are merely the result of incorrect IMF assumptions, nor that excess M/L ratios are solely the result of overmassive BHs. Satellite galaxies tend to scatter towards high MLE due to tidal stripping, which may have significant implications for the inferred stellar masses of ultracompact dwarf galaxies.
Spin-Off and Profitability of Indonesian Islamic Banking

The economic system could not be separated from the role of banking, either in funding, financing, or both. Today, Islamic bank was becoming an alternative banking service which had given new nuances to the business, both in terms of providing working capital or investment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spin-off on Islamic Banks’ profitability with three control variables as market share, efficiency, and liquidity. This study used a quantitative approach from quarterly data from March 2013 to December 2019. The samples were two spin-off Islamic banks, namely Bank Aceh Syariah and Bank Tabungan Pensiunan Nasional Syariah. Based on the results of data analysis using the Ordinary Least Square technique, it was found that the spin-off, liquidity, and efficiency had significant impacts on the spin-off Islamic banks’ profitability. The market share has no significant effect on the profitability of Islamic banks
Electronic hydrodynamics and the breakdown of the Wiedemann-Franz and Mott laws in interacting metals

We present the theory of thermoelectric transport in metals with long-lived quasiparticles, carefully addressing the interplay of electron-electron scattering as well as electron-impurity scattering, but neglecting electron-phonon scattering. In Fermi liquids with a large Fermi surface and weak electron-impurity scattering, we provide universal and simple formulas for the behavior of the thermoelectric conductivities across the ballistic-to-hydrodynamic crossover. In this regime, the electrical conductivity is relatively unchanged by hydrodynamic effects. In contrast, the thermal conductivity can be parametrically smaller than predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law. A less severe violation of the Mott law arises. We quantitatively compare the violations of the Wiedemann-Franz law arising from (i) momentum-conserving electron-electron scattering in the collision integral, (ii) hydrodynamic modifications of the electron-impurity scattering rate, and (iii) thermal broadening of the Fermi surface, and show that (i) is generally the largest effect. We present simple formulas for electrical and thermal magnetoconductivity across the ballistic-to-hydrodynamic limit, along with a more complicated formula for the thermoelectric magnetoconductivity. In a finite magnetic field, the Lorenz number may be smaller or larger than predicted by the Wiedemann-Franz law, and the crossover between these behaviors is a clear prediction for experiments. The arbitrarily strong violation of the Wiedemann-Franz law found in our work arises entirely from electron-electron interaction effects within the Fermi-liquid paradigm, and does not imply any non-Fermi-liquid behavior. We predict clear experimental signatures of bulk hydrodynamics in high-mobility two-dimensional GaAs semiconductor structures, where a spectacular failure of the Wiedemann-Franz law should persist down to very low temperatures in high-quality and low-density samples.
Wearable Devices for Remote Monitoring of Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability—What We Know and What Is Coming

Heart rate at rest and exercise may predict cardiovascular risk. Heart rate variability is a measure of variation in time between each heartbeat, representing the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system and may predict adverse cardiovascular events. With advances in technology and increasing commercial interest, the scope of remote monitoring health systems has expanded. In this review, we discuss the concepts behind cardiac signal generation and recording, wearable devices, pros and cons focusing on accuracy, ease of application of commercial and medical grade diagnostic devices, which showed promising results in terms of reliability and value. Incorporation of artificial intelligence and cloud based remote monitoring have been evolving to facilitate timely data processing, improve patient convenience and ensure data security.
Early-type galaxy density profiles from IllustrisTNG – I. Galaxy correlations and the impact of baryons

We explore the isothermal total density profiles of early-type galaxies (ETGs) in the IllustrisTNG simulation. For the selected 559 ETGs at z = 0 with stellar masses $10^{10.7}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \leqslant M_{\ast } \leqslant 10^{11.9}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, the total power-law slope has a mean of 〈γ′〉 = 2.011 ± 0.007 and a scatter of $\sigma _{\gamma ^{\prime }} = 0.171$ over the radial range 0.4–4 times the stellar half-mass radius. Several correlations between γ′ and galactic properties including stellar mass, effective radius, stellar surface density, central velocity dispersion, central dark matter fraction, and in situ-formed stellar mass ratio are compared to observations and other simulations, revealing that IllustrisTNG reproduces many correlation trends, and in particular, γ′ is almost constant with redshift below z = 2. Through analysing IllustrisTNG model variations, we show that black hole kinetic winds are crucial to lowering γ′ and matching observed galaxy correlations. The effects of stellar winds on γ′ are subdominant compared to active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback, and differ due to the presence of AGN feedback from previous works. The density profiles of the ETG dark matter haloes are well described by steeper than NFW profiles, and they are steeper in the full physics (FP) run than their counterparts in the dark matter-only (DMO) run. Their inner density slopes anticorrelate (remain constant) with the halo mass in the FP (DMO) run, and anticorrelate with the halo concentration parameter c200 in both the types of runs. The dark matter haloes of low-mass ETGs are contracted whereas high-mass ETGs are expanded, suggesting that variations in the total density profile occur through the different halo responses to baryons.
Physical activity in the post-COVID-19: AEROBICOVID project design and perspectives

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several late-onset impairments have been observed, affecting the health and functionality of those involved. On the other hand, lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and severity of symptoms were observed in high-altitude cities. In this sense, the AEROBICOVID project was developed with the hypothesis that exercise would be an important opportunity for health improvement and that hypoxia would promote additional benefits in the recovery process. The cohort was about 84 participants with approximately 30 days since the COVID-19 symptoms recovery, 25 in the control group, and 59 divided into three moderate physical training groups. The project had good results in teaching, research, and extension, but also faced difficulties in operationalization. This experience is the basis for future proposals through an extension project at the University of São Paulo and in a Family Health Unit, besides a research project that will develop a new low-cost hypoxia technology.
The Evolution of Maternity and Paternity Leave Policies over Five Decades — a Global Analysis

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. This research analyzes the evolution of maternity and paternity leave across the world, covering 190 countries over 52 years. The data show striking differences both within and between countries in how leave distribution for parents upon the birth of a child has evolved. The study finds that, across all regions, there have been notable increases in the number of leave days a mother can take. The absolute increase in the number of leave days for mothers has been greatest in Europe and Central Asia, followed by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development high-income economies. However, apart from the high-income economies, the number of leave days allocated to fathers has increased by only a fraction of the amount for mothers. An analysis of the correlations between relative leave allocation and women’s labor market outcomes suggests that where the disparity in the allocation of leave days is greater, women’s participation in the labor market may be lower. However, the study finds no evidence of any association between the gender gap in leave allocation and other labor market outcomes, including the gender wage gap and women’s representation at the managerial level. paper
Driving atoms into decoherence-free states

We describe the decoherence-free subspace of N atoms in a cavity, in which decoherence due to the leakage of photons through the cavity mirrors is suppressed. We show how the states of the subspace can be entangled with the help of weak laser pulses, using the high decay rate of the cavity field and strong coupling between the atoms and the resonator mode. The atoms remain decoherence-free with a probability which can, in principle, be arbitrarily close to unity.
Classifying Suicide-Related Content and Emotions on Twitter Using Graph Convolutional Neural Networks

Recent work in Natural Language Processing has increasingly focused on detecting suicidal intent in textual data, where the main aim is to detect expressions in a binary setting. However, previous research has shown that search results and other mentions of suicide online are not only limited to expressions of suicidal intent. Therefore, previously proposed algorithms and datasets might for example struggle to distinguish between suicidal intent of a user and suicide mentioned in a humorous context. In this article we introduce a new dataset called TWISCO, which proposes an alternative approach to classifying expressions of suicidality online. For this, we use a coding framework developed in Psychology to distinguish between different mentions of suicide. Next, we present a variety of machine and deep learning baselines in three different classification settings (text only, features only and text and features). Furthermore, we introduce a Feature GCN that improves performance over the GCN baseline. Finally, we investigate the hypothesis that feelings of dominance are correlated with users expressing their own suicidality. We provide an in-depth discussion of the trade-offs in classifying suicidal intent online.
JUNO Sensitivity to Resonant Absorption of Galactic Supernova Neutrinos by Dark Matter

Resonant interactions between neutrinos from a Galactic supernova and dark matter particles can lead to a sharp dip in the neutrino energy spectrum. Due to its excellent energy resolution, measurement of this effect with the JUNO experiment can provide evidence for such couplings. We discuss how JUNO may confirm or further constrain a model where scalar dark matter couples to active neutrinos and another fermion.
Mixing in a two-layer stably stratified fluid by a turbulent jet

AbstractMixing in a two-layer stably stratified fluid by a turbulent buoyant jet was studied primarily through a laboratory experiment. A non-swirling jet was discharged vertically downwards in a fluid system consisting initially of a top layer of fresh water and a bottom layer of salt water. In total, six experimental cases were performed where the jet exit velocity and the density difference between the top and bottom layer were varied. The total depth and the initial depth of the two layers were approximately constant in all the cases studied, and the jet exit was located in the middle of the initial freshwater layer. Both vertical density profiles and time series of density in selected points were determined from conductivity measurements using a data sampling system involving up to 16 probes. The mixing efficiency, defined as the percentage of the supplied kinetic jet energy that is used for increasing the potential energy of the fluid system, was related to a densimetric Froude number based on the i.
Asteroseismic potential of CHEOPS

Context. Asteroseismology has been impressively boosted during the last decade mainly thanks to space missions such as Kepler/K2 and CoRoT. This has a large impact, in particular, in exoplanetary sciences since the accurate characterization of the exoplanets is convoluted in most cases with the characterization of their hosting star. In the decade before the expected launch of the ESA mission PLATO 2.0, only two important missions will provide short-cadence high-precision photometric time-series: NASA–TESS and ESA–CHEOPS missions, both having high capabilities for exoplanetary sciences. Aims. In this work we want to explore the asteroseismic potential of CHEOPS time-series. Methods. Following the works estimating the asteroseismic potential of Kepler and TESS, we have analysed the probability of detecting solar-like pulsations using CHEOPS light-curves. Since CHEOPS will collect runs with observational times from hours up to a few days, we have analysed the accuracy and precision we can obtain for the estimation of νmax. This is the only asteroseismic observable we can recover using CHEOPS observations. Finally, we have analysed the impact of knowing νmax in the characterization of exoplanet host stars. Results. Using CHEOPS light-curves with the expected observational times we can determine νmax for massive G and F-type stars from late main sequence (MS) on, and for F, G, and K-type stars from post-main sequence on with an uncertainty lower than a 5%. For magnitudes V < 12 and observational times from eight hours up to two days, the HR zone of potential detectability changes. The determination of νmax leads to an internal age uncertainty reduction in the characterization of exoplanet host stars from 52% to 38%; mass uncertainty reduction from 2.1% to 1.8%; radius uncertainty reduction from 1.8% to 1.6%; density uncertainty reduction from 5.6% to 4.7%, in our best scenarios.
A contrast source inversion method in the wavelet domain

We present a contrast source inversion (CSI) algorithm using truncated wavelet representations. Specifically, we represent the unknown contrast sources and the contrast function in terms of the wavelet basis functions. In order to reduce the number of wavelet coefficients for these unknowns, we apply a progressive multiscale truncation scheme based on the reconstructed contrast function. This approach increases the robustness of the CSI algorithm for noisy or limited data, and decreases the computation time as well as the memory usage. We tested the wavelet-domain CSI method using both synthetic and experimental data. The numerical experiments show that similar results with the regular spatial-domain CSI method are obtained when the number of (independent) measurement data points is comparable to the number of the unknowns in the contrast function. The advantages of the wavelet-domain CSI method become apparent as we deal with cases where the number of measurement data points is smaller than the number of unknowns in the contrast function.
Moduli of real algebraic surfaces, and their superanalogues. Differentials, spinors, and Jacobians of real curves

The survey is devoted to various aspects of the theory of real algebraic curves. The involution defined by complex conjugation induces an antiholomorphic involution on the complexification of a real curve. This involution acts on all structures related to the Riemann surface , namely, on vector bundles, Jacobians, Prymians, and so on. The greater part of the survey is devoted to finding topological invariants and studying the corresponding moduli spaces. Statements of these problems were inspired by applications of the theory of real curves to problems in mathematical physics (theory of solitons, string theory, and so on).
Dynamics of the Young Binary LMC Cluster NGC 1850

BV CCD images and echelle spectra of 52 supergiants are used to examine the age and internal dynamics of the young binary LMC cluster NGC 1850. A color-magnitude diagram was constructed and found to contain three distinct populations of stars. Using star-subtracted, median filtered BV images, attempts were made to determine ellipticity parameters, BV luminosity profiles were constructed to project radii greater than 40. A power law model was applied to test for the presence of a tidal cutoff in the luminosity profile. Of the 52 stars with echelle spectra, a subset of 36 were used to study the cluster dynamics. A rotational signal in the radial velocities has been detected at the 93-percent confidence level, implying a rotation axis at a position angle of 100 +/- 40 deg. Values for the slope of the mass function were determined using mass luminosity relationships and different forms for the IMF. The current cluster age is similar to its central relaxation time.
Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels in Tumor Vascularization

Tumor diseases are unfortunately quick spreading, even though numerous studies are under way to improve early diagnosis and targeted treatments that take into account both the different characteristics associated with the various tumor types and the conditions of individual patients. In recent years, studies have focused on the role of ion channels in tumor development, as these proteins are involved in several cellular processes relevant to neoplastic transformation. Among all ion channels, many studies have focused on the superfamily of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, which are non-selective cation channels mediating extracellular Ca2+ influx. In this review, we examined the role of different endothelial TRP channel isoforms in tumor vessel formation, a process that is essential in tumor growth and metastasis.