Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Telling Your Right Hand from Your Left: The Effects of DNA Supercoil Handedness on the Actions of Type II Topoisomerases

Type II topoisomerases are essential enzymes that modulate the topological state of DNA supercoiling in all living organisms. These enzymes alter DNA topology by performing double-stranded passage reactions on over- or underwound DNA substrates. This strand passage reaction generates a transient covalent enzyme–cleaved DNA structure known as the cleavage complex. Al-though the cleavage complex is a requisite catalytic intermediate, it is also intrinsically dangerous to genomic stability in biological systems. The potential threat of type II topoisomerase function can also vary based on the nature of the supercoiled DNA substrate. During essential processes such as DNA replication and transcription, cleavage complex formation can be inherently more dangerous on overwound versus underwound DNA substrates. As such, it is important to understand the profound effects that DNA topology can have on the cellular functions of type II topoisomerases. This review will provide a broad assessment of how human and bacterial type II topoisomerases recognize and act on their substrates of various topological states.
Biodegradation of quinalphos by gram negative bacteria Pantoea agglomerans and Acinetobacter sp. dcm5A

Five bacterial strains for biodegradation study were initially isolated from quinalphos exposed soil from cotton field of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, India by Serial dilution and enrichment technique. Amongst them, two strains Pantoea agglomerans and Acinetobacter sp. dcm5A were exposed to different concentrations (50-250 ppm, parts per million) of quinalphos to evaluate their tolerance and the optimum concentration of quinalphos supported growth. Growth kinetics of the isolates was studied by means of optical density of the culture media (150 rpm, rotation per minute) at 30oC for 15 days. The optimal concentration of quinalphos for the growth of Pantoea agglomerans was 100 ppm, while for Acinetobacter sp. dcm5A was 200 ppm. Bacterial strains Pantoea agglomerans and Acinetobacter sp. dcm5A degraded quinalphos 60% and 79.7% respectively in 7 days incubation and 100% degradation by both strains was observed after 13 days of incubation.
Evaluating the long-term stability and response versus scan angle effect in the SNPP VIIRS SDR reflectance product using a deep convective cloud technique

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite has operated successfully since its launch in October, 2011. The calibration using regular solar diffuser (SD) observations for the 14 reflective solar bands facilitates the generation of high-quality calibrated products, known as sensor data records (SDR). As SNPP VIIRS nears six years on-orbit, monitoring the on-orbit calibration performance using multiple techniques is vital. One such technique, using the deep convective clouds (DCC), has been widely used to monitor the on-orbit calibration performance of earth observing sensors, such as the MODIS instrument on Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. In this study, the DCC technique is utilized to evaluate the stability of SNPP VIIRS SDR reflectance product for 10 moderate resolution bands (M-bands, M1–M5 and M7– M11) and three imaging bands (I-bands, I1–I3). An empirical Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) correction for the long-term reflectance measurements over DCC is formulated and implemented. The fluctuation in the long-term trending is analyzed to evaluate the uncertainties. The BRDF-corrected reflectances over DCC are used to evaluate the stability of the response versus scan-angle (RVS) and its effects in the SDR products. The RVS effects are analyzed based on the difference in mode reflectances over DCC among six different frame zones. Results indicate that the RVS effects should be monitored for an improved VIIRS RSB calibration in the future.
Spatial and temporal coarse-graining for DEM analysis

The discrete element method is used extensively for the simulation of granular materials. The great majority of engineering applications require bulk design parameters to be determined which requires some averaging or coarse graining techniques to be applied to the particle data from DEM computations. Although numerous papers have been published on these techniques, we suggest that there are still significant challenges in the calculation of the continuum quantities from the particle data. This is chiefly because DEM computes at grain contact level and at the order of 10−5 or smaller computational time step, whereas important engineering events often occur at much larger timescale, so the question of what temporal and spatial averaging scales should be adopted is not so clear. This paper outlines an implementation of coarse graining methods for the projection of discrete quantities into continuum fields. Two DEM simulation examples with a quasi-static and a rapid dynamic flow conditions are used to study .
Spline Function as an Alternative Method to Seismic Data Analysis

It is well known that interpolating polynomial splines can be derived as the solution of certain variational problems. In this paper, we applied a spline function model in analyzing seismic data. The model was able to carry out smoothing. It was observed that as depth of source (explosive) increases, the error in the velocity reduces which optimizes signal to noise ratio. The new model developed proffer solutions to complex surface and subsurface image problem and help to develop minimal environmental solution to acquiring seismic data land accessibility.
A 2D approach for quantifying footwear fit

Fit is an important consideration when purchasing footwear, even though fitting footwear to feet is still rather cumbersome and very unscientific. Some researchers have proposed methodologies to quantify the degree of fit so that matching shoes to feet can be performed without trying them on. This paper reports an experimental study to show the feasibility of such a method. Twenty participants wore and rated the fit of three different dress shoes. By matching the foot outlines to the last outlines, the dimensional differences were quantified and plotted. The plots revealed four distinct minimums, and the forefoot and midfoot fit ratings were strongly correlated with the dimensional differences at these four locations. These locations and the corresponding dimensions can give manufacturers information about the degree of fit so that in the long term, it may be possible to generate a plot similar to the ISO Fits and Tolerances Chart, for the design and selection of good-fitting footwear.
Strong winds in a coupled wave–atmosphere model during a North Atlantic storm event: evaluation against observations

Strong winds may be biased in atmospheric models. Here the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) coupled wave–atmosphere model is used (i) to evaluate strong winds against observations, and (ii) to test how alternative wind stress parametrizations could lead to a more accurate model. For the period of storms Kaat and Lilli (23–27 January 2014), we compared simulated winds with in situ – moored buoys and platforms – and satellite observations available from the North Atlantic. Five wind stress parametrizations were evaluated. The first result is that moderate simulated winds (5–20 m s−1) match with all observations. However, for strong winds (above 20 m s−1), mean differences appear, as much as −7 m s−1 at 30 m s−1. Significant differences also exist between observations, with buoys and Advanced Scatterometer ASCAT‐KNMI generally showing lower wind speeds than the platforms and other remote‐sensing data used in this study (AMSR2, ASCAT‐RSS, WindSat, SMOS and JASON‐2). Buoy and ASCAT‐KNMI winds are likely to underestimate the real wind speed. It is difficult to conclude which dataset should be used as a reference. The second result is that common wave‐age dependent parametrizations produce unrealistic drags and are not appropriate for coupling, whereas a newly empirically adjusted Charnock parametrization leads to higher winds compared to the default ECMWF parametrization. This proposed new parametrization may lead to more accurate results in an operational context.
Extremal twist and tensor product of highest weight modules

We give a criterion for complete reducibility of tensor product of two highest weight modules over a quantum group. It is found to be controlled by an extremal twist operator related to the Shapovalov inverse of either of the modules. As an application, we construct homogeneous vector bundles over quantum projective spaces $\mathbb{P}^n$ on $\mathbb{C}$-homs between certain parabolic Verma modules. Using an alternative realization of $\mathbb{C}_q[\mathbb{P}^n]$ as a subalgebra in $\mathbb{C}_q[GL(n+1)]$, we reformulate quantum vector bundles in terms of symmetric pairs. In this way, we prove complete reducibility of modules over the coideal stabilizer subalgebras, via the quantum Frobenius reciprocity.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitude About Sensory Processing and Its Disorders: An Online Survey Among Student Speech-Language Pathologists

Background: There is not much known about how speech-language pathology students address the sensory processing issues of children in their clientele. Understanding sensory processing disorders (SPD) will help Speech-Language Pathologists (SLP) to understand the root cause of the behavior, avert meltdowns, how to tackle the situation better, and to give adequate referrals so that better progress can be made in intervention. Aims: This study aimed at assessing the awareness knowledge and attitude about sensory processing and its disorders among student SLPs from Tamil Nadu, India. Methods & Procedures: A questionnaire was developed and validated, which was used for an online survey among student SLPs. A total of 110 students participated in the study. Outcomes & Results: Although students of speech-language pathology have some awareness about SPD, they lacked thorough understanding of sensory difficulties associated with other neurodevelopmental disorders, which interfered with the implementation of sensory-based activities during therapy. Conclusions and Implications: This study provides clinical significance in the field of speech-language pathology, particularly for SLP who work with children experiencing developmental difficulties.
Parallelization and Performance of the NIM Weather Model on CPU, GPU, and MIC Processors

AbstractThe design and performance of the Non-Hydrostatic Icosahedral Model (NIM) global weather prediction model is described. NIM is a dynamical core designed to run on central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), and Many Integrated Core (MIC) processors. It demonstrates efficient parallel performance and scalability to tens of thousands of compute nodes and has been an effective way to make comparisons between traditional CPU and emerging fine-grain processors. The design of the NIM also serves as a useful guide in the fine-grain parallelization of the finite volume cubed (FV3) model recently chosen by the National Weather Service (NWS) to become its next operational global weather prediction model.This paper describes the code structure and parallelization of NIM using standards-compliant open multiprocessing (OpenMP) and open accelerator (OpenACC) directives. NIM uses the directives to support a single, performance-portable code that runs on CPU, GPU, and MIC systems. Performance r.
Esclusi per legge. “Non-eligible voters” come categoria negletta delle democrazie contemporanee

The inclusive nature of the electoral moment (for all adults) is one of the fundamental criteria of the modern democratic process based on universal suffrage (Dahl 2000, 37-8). However, there is always a more or less significant difference between the number of individuals theoretically entitled to vote based on age (VAP, voting-age population) and the number of those who can effectively do so (VEP, voting-eligible population), meaning those who are legally authorized to participate in elections. Although it is lower compared to the United States case (McDonald 2001), where certain social groups are dissuaded from voting due to mandatory registration procedures (Avery and Peffley 2005; Delwin 2013), the gap between different measurements of turnout is also observed in Europe (Geys 2006; Tuorto 2022). This article aims to compare the countries of the EU-27 (+ United Kingdom) regarding the criteria that regulate inclusion/exclusion and the low participation of social groups most susceptible to temporary or permanent limitations in their participation in voting, in relation to specific conditions and/or public behavior. In particular, the article examines the situation of four categories of voters: individuals with psycho-physical disabilities, convicted offenders, non-resident citizens (natives abroad), and non-citizen residents (immigrants). The heterogeneity of situations found within the European common area highlights significant differences on a legislative and cultural level, attributable to dominant social representations and the normative translation of these representations. The systematic alienation or exclusion of certain social groups from elections raises a legitimacy problem for the quintessential moment of exercising democracy, in the presence of legal, administrative, and symbolic barriers that make electoral results imperfect and at least partially distorted.
Assurance financière et assurance naturelle : une application à la forêt

Les risques naturels menacent les écosystèmes forestiers, et cette menace s’accentue sous l’effet du changement climatique. La question de l’assurance forestière devient alors centrale. Dans le secteur forestier, l’assurance peut être de deux types. Les propriétaires forestiers peuvent souscrire un contrat d’assurance auprès d’un assureur pour se couvrir contre les dommages imputables aux risques naturels (assurance financière) et en même temps, la forêt fournit une protection contre les risques naturels aux populations exposées (assurance naturelle). Cet article présente ces deux formes d’assurance, leurs interactions et propose des exemples dans un contexte forestier. Nous montrons que les deux concepts sont bien définis et utilisés en économie de la forêt, mais que leurs relations sont encore peu analysées. Nous mettons en évidence des questionnements qui pourraient favoriser ou conduire à cette analyse. Messages clésFace aux changements climatiques, l’assurance forestière devient centrale.Les risques à couvrir sont à la fois naturels et financiers.Les formes d’assurances dans le contexte forestier sont ainsi multiples.
Optimization the Effect of Electrode Material Change on EDM Process Performance Using Taguchi Method

Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is a widespread Nontraditional Machining (NTM) processes for manufacturing of a complicated geometry or very hard metals parts that are difficult to machine by traditional machining operations. Electrical discharge machining is a material removal (MR) process characterized by using electrical discharge erosion. This paper discusses the optimal parameters of EDM on high-speed steel (HSS) AISI M2 as a workpiece using copper and brass as an electrode. The input parameters used for experimental work are current (10, 24 and 42 A), pulse on time (100, 150 and 200 µs), and pulse off time (4, 12 and 25 µs) that have effect on the material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR) and wear ratio (WR). A Minitab software environment was used to adopt Taguchi method to analyze the effect of input on output parameters of EDM. The results of the present work showed that the best of MRR in copper and brass electrodes with (current 42 A, pulse on time 100 µs and pulse off time 25 µs) are (84.355×10-3 g/min) and (43.243×10-3 g/min) respectively, and the MRR predicted by Taguchi are (86.1751×10-3 g/min) in copper electrode by using the parameters with (current 10 A, pulse on time 200 µs and pulse off time 25 µs) and (43.2979×10-3 g/min) in brass electrode at current 42 A, pulse on time 100 µs, and pulse off time 25 µs. The lowest EWR occurs with a value of (1.4510×10-3 g/min) with (current 10 A, pulse on time 100 µs, pulse off time 4 µs) variables when using a copper electrode. The highest WR (2.602508) was found for the brass electrode with (current 24 A, pulse on time 200 µs, pulse off time 4 µs) variables.
Influence of the magnetic field on the transmission characteristics and the neutrino mass systematic of the KATRIN experiment

The thesis at hand has successfully investigated and characterized the extended magnet system of the KATRIN experiment and implemented a detailed simulation model to take into account all field contributions. A concise modeling and understanding of the magnetic field close to the analyzing plane is crucial for a precise measurement and analysis of the neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 200 meV (90 % C.L.). A key aspect of the work performed here is that the contributions of individual magnets to the field in the analyzing plane in the spectrometer have been identified for various configurations. Based on these measurements, the previously undetermined remaining magnetic background field could be quantified. The advanced magnetic field model of this thesis allows to significantly reduce previously unexplained field deviations, verified by an in-depth analysis of extensive transmission function measurements with an electron gun, offering a sharp energy distribution and small angular spread. Of key importance thereby was a precise reconstruction of the emitted electrons of the electron gun in Monte Carlo simulations and the implementation of a realistic electron spectrum of the electron gun in the analysis framework. When all magnetic field contributions are taken into account, the transmission properties of the spectrometer can be determined with an accuracy level which is improved by a factor 3 in comparison to previous analyses. Correspondingly, the magnetic field there is determined to an unprecedented accuracy with a deviation between measurement and simulation of (3 ± 11) μT when a field of 363 μT is applied. Finally, the influence of identified magnetic field deviations on the neutrino mass sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment is studied by means of extensive ensemble tests. From this, an upper limit on the magnetic field of 585 μT in the KATRIN spectrometer is deduced to restrict the additional contribution to the systematic uncertainty budget to a level of 1 % for an optimal measurement of the neutrino mass.
2-Mercaptobenzimidazole Functionalized Copper Nanoparticles Fluorescence Probe for Sensitivity and Selectivity Detection of Cys in Serum

In this paper, a 2-mercaptobenzimidazole-copper nanoparticles (MBI-CuNPs) fluorescent probe with high performance based on 2-mercaptobenzimidazole functionalized copper nanoparticles was synthesized by a hydrothermal method and used for cysteine (Cys) detection in serum. The MBI-CuNPs probe exhibits strong fluorescence emission at 415 nm under the excitation at 200 nm, which is attributed to the metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition through the coordination of an MBI ligand and monovalent copper. Furthermore, the MBI-CuNPs probe has a high quenching fluorescence response to Cys, and shows a good linearity relationship with Cys in 0.05–65 µM, with a detection limit of 52 nM. Moreover, the MBI-CuNPs probe could eliminate the interference of biological mercaptan Hcy and GSH with a similar structure and reaction properties, due to the strong electron-donating ability of Cys, which can quench the fluorescence of the MBI-CuNPs probe. The MBI-CuNPs probe was applied to the analysis of Cys in real serum, and the absolute recovery rate was as high as 90.23–97.00%. Such a fluorescent probe with high sensitivity and selectivity has potential applications for the early prevention of various diseases caused by abnormal Cys levels.
SELENIUM REGULATION OF THE GRAIN YIELD, DRY MATTER, ANTIOXIDANT ATTRIBUTES, AND METAL CONTENTS OF FRAGRANT RICE UNDER STRESS OF CADMIUM AND LEAD

The pot experiment was carried out with two fragrant rice cultivars (Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan) grown under six experimental treatments (CK: no application of selenium, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , and CdCl 2 ; Se: application of 80 mg selenium fertilizer per pot; Pb: application of 80 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 per pot; Cd: application of 10 mg CdCl 2 per pot; SePb: application of 80 mg of Se fertilizer and 80 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 per pot; SeCd: application of 80 mg of Se fertilizer and 10 mg CdCl 2 per pot). The results showed that selenium application improved the yield of fragrant rice under lead and cadmium stress. The application of Se fertilizer treatment increased the grain yield of Yuxiangyouzhan under the Pb and Cd stress by 84.55% and 22.44%, respectively, and improved the grain yield of Xiangyaxiangzhan by 43.07% and 46.55%, respectively, as compared to no Se fertilizer treatment. The application of selenium fertilizer treatment significantly increased the total dry weight of fragrant rice as compared to no selenium fertilizer treatment under the Pb and Cd stress. The application of Se fertilizer regulated the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT and the content of MDA. Under the influence of selenium fertilizer, the variations in Cd and Pb concentration were cultivar-dependent. Our results suggested that the application of selenium fertilizer regulated the yield formation, due to the improvement in dry matter accumulation and the change in antioxidant response in fragrant rice.
Towards a gradient flow for microstructure

— A central problem of microstructure is to develop technologies capable of producing an arrangement, or ordering, of a polycrystalline material, in terms of mesoscopic parameters, like geometry and crystallography, appropriate for a given application. Is there such an order in the first place? Our goal is to describe the emergence of the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD), a statistic that details texture evolution discovered recently, and to illustrate why it should be considered a material property. For the GBCD statistic, we have developed a theory that relies on mass transport and entropy. The focus of this paper is its identification as a gradient flow in the sense of De Giorgi, as illustrated by Ambrosio, Gigli, and Savaré. In this way, the empirical texture statistic is revealed as a solution of a Fokker–Planck type equation whose evolution is determined by weak topology kinetics and whose limit behavior is a Boltzmann distribution. The identification as a gradient flow by our method is tantamount to exhibiting the harvested statistic as the iterates in a JKO implicit scheme. This requires several new ideas. The development exposes the question of how to understand the circumstances under which a harvested empirical statistic is a property of the underlying process.