Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The bric à brac locus

As every newcomer to a fly laboratory learns, the easiest way to distinguish between Drosophila melanogaster (Dm) females and males is to look for the sex-specific pigmentation pattern of the posterior abdomen, the male-specific sex combs on the forelegs and/or the genital structures. These morphological features not only constitute sexually dimorphic traits but show considerable interspecific variation among members of the Dm species group and subgroup, and some of these features also show intraspecific variation. Concerning sex combs, variation is observed in the number of tarsal segments that display sex combs, their number per segment, and the number of sex comb bristles (Bock and Wheeler, 1972; True et al., 1997; Nuzhdin and Reiwitch, 2000; Macdonald and Goldstein, 1999). In Dm males, a sex comb is only found on the most proximal or first tarsal segment (TS1), and consists of a single row of approximately ten sex comb bristles. Another sexually dimorphic trait in Dm is the pigmentation of the tergites of the posterior abdomen. Whereas an alternating dark-light stripe pattern is characteristic of all abdominal tergites in females, the posterior-most two tergites in males are darkly pigmented throughout. Sexually dimorphic abdominal pigmentation is not characteristic for all Drosophila species, however (Kopp et al., 2000), and a large diversity in abdominal pigmentation is seen within the genus Drosophila(Ashburner, 1989; Hollocher et al., 2000; Eisses and Santos, 1997). Even within the Dm species subgroup, in which the abdominal pigmentation pattern is rather homogeneous, a newly discovered species, D. santomea lacks any abdominal pigmentation (Lachaise et al., 2000). In addition, considerable intraspecific variation in the pigmentation of posterior tergites in females has been described for different wild-type populations of Dm (Robertson et al., 1977; Eisses and Santos, 1997). Together, these findings indicate a rapid phylogenetic divergence of sex comb and abdominal pigmentation patterns. The genetic and developmental mechanisms that allow for fast evolutionary modifications of characteristics that are connected to reproduction/mating (secondary sexual traits) and may be involved in speciation are largely unknown. A strong modifier locus of abdominal pigmentation in wild-type populations of Dm was mapped to the distal arm of the third chromosome, and is called fap (female abdominal pattern) (Robertson and Riviera, 1972; Robertson et al., 1977). fap is 2419 Development 129, 2419-2433 (2002) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 DEV5986
Analog predistortion linearizer for high-power RF amplifiers

We have developed an analog predistortion linearizer for a high-power amplifier of a code-division multiple-access (CDMA) base station. To effectively suppress the spectral regrowth in the adjacent channels, the odd-order intermodulation distortions (IMDs) should be cancelled. To accomplish this purpose, we employed a predistorter, which can cancel the third and fifth IMDs independently. The implemented predistorter linearized the RF amplifier with an average power of 45 dBm at 2.37-2.4-GHz band. A 9-dB suppression of spectral regrowth, from 33 to 42 dBc, was achieved for the CDMA signal with an 8.192-Mc/s chip rate over a 30-MHz bandwidth.
Cause and Effect Relationship between Money Supply and Inflation in India”

Inflation means rising in overall price level in the economy. Inflation is an important economic factor as it is affecting to purchasing power of consumer and to all the economic aspects of the country. Many factors cause the inflation to high or low rate like monetary and fiscal policy, national debt, production level, aggregate demand and aggregate supply etc. Economists argue that primary cause of inflation in any economy is monetary policy i.e money supply policy of that economy.
Boost Converter with Coupled Inductors and Buck-Boost Type of Active Clamp

This paper proposes a boost converter with coupled inductors and buck-boost type of active clamp. In the converter, the active-clamp circuit is used to eliminate voltage spike induced from the trapped energy in leakage inductor of the coupled inductors. The active switch in the converter can still sustain a proper duty ratio when even under high step-up applications, reducing voltage and current stresses significantly. Moreover, since both main and auxiliary switches can be turned on with zero voltage switching, switching loss can be reduced and conversion efficiency therefore can be improved significantly. A 200 W prototype of the proposed boost converter was built from which experiment results have shown that efficiency can reach as high as 92% and surge can be suppressed effectively. It is relatively feasible for applications to fuel cell and battery power conversion
Equipartition theorem-Wikipedia

In classical statistical mechanics, the equipartition theorem relates the temperature of a system to its average energies. The equipartition theorem is also known as the law of equipartition, equipartition of energy, or simply equipartition. The original idea of equipartition was that, in thermal equilibrium, energy is shared equally among all of its various forms; for example, the average kinetic energy per degree of freedom in translational motion of a molecule should equal that in rotational motion.
CPR-Content 16-2

DOI: 10.2174/1573396315666191021104003 Abstract: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) for aeroallergens consists of the administration of standardized allergen extracts to patients with respiratory IgE-mediated diseases to the same allergen in order to achieve immune tolerance to the allergen and prevent the onset of symptoms. AIT is usually delivered by sublingual (SLIT), subcutaneous (SCIT) route. AIT with one or multiple allergens currently represents the only causal treatment able to change the natural history of allergic airway diseases. Significant progresses have been made in terms of AIT efficacy and safety.
Pyramid-based multiresolution adaptive filters for additive and multiplicative image noise

In this work, adaptive filtering is applied to the different resolutions of the Laplacian pyramid of a noisy image. For natural images, each layer is characterized by an SNR that increases as resolution decreases. Therefore, each filter may be adjusted to achieve adaptivity also across scales. Theoretical frameworks are developed for signal-dependent noise models. A rational Laplacian pyramid is employed to handle multiplicative noise. Experiments carried out on gray-level images corrupted by true and simulated noise, show the potentiality of the approach compared to other established algorithms, in terms both of SNR improvements and of enhancement in visual quality.
DOES COMPUTER ANXIETY HAVE EFFECTS ON ACADEl\UC LIBRARYELECTRONIC CATALOGUE SUCCESS?

This research modifies DeLone and McLean's (1992) Information systenz success model by adding anxiety as a factor that have negative. It aimed to find olll The academic library electronic catalogue success and to explore the direct and moderaTing effects of computer anxiety. Using 220 academic library electronic catalogue users from four universities, this research explores computer anxiety effects on academic library electronic catalogue success. Before running a hypothesis test a statistical power analysis is made. The aims of statistical power analysis are to reject type 1 and type 2 statistical errors and to get practical significations on hypotheses. This research uses Partial Least Square ( PLS) technique to test the research model. The research model is run twice, the first run uses the full research model which (include computer anxiety variable) and the second run uses the rnodel without computer anxiety variable. The first run shows system quality and electronic catalogue systems have significant positive correlation to user satisfaction. Another result from the first run is that the electronic catalogue use and user satisfaction have positive significant correlation. Cornputer atuiety has negative significant correlation to electronic catalogue use but, the hypothesis rhat shows negative correlation between computer anxief)' and user satisfaction has no significant negative correlation. On the other hand, the nzoderation role of computer anxiety on correlation between electronic catalogue use and user satisfaction has not sign(ficant negative correlation. An interesting phenomenon is found in the second run.ln the second run (model without cornputer anxiety variable), a positive significant correlation between information quality and electronic catalogue use is found. That means information quality has an effect on electronic catalogue use. This cannot be found in the first mn (model use computer anxiety variable). That phenomenon shows the role of computer an.xiety on Information system success model.
GSA: A GLOBAL FRAMEWORK FOR SIMILARITY SEARCHING

: With the advancement in technology searching and machine learning is believed to a good technique for measuring documents similarity and prediction accuracy for plagiarism detection. The most popular searching algorithm is either the industrial or the academic environment is RankBrain algorithm. This paper proposed an improved framework of searching with machine learning which masters the complexity of searching accurate matches. An empirical evaluation of the proposed approach is given based on its objective and case study. We describe a novel functional framework based on searching algorithm with machine learning both for differentiating intent of query and generate content semantically. We explore and analyze various well-known Google’s searching algorithm in terms of their effectiveness toward similarity searching and best matching.
CHANGE OF DURATION OF HOSPITAL STAY OF THE CANCER PATIENTS OVER A DECADE AT A REGION CANCER CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

IJCRT2103013 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt. org 81 CHANGE OF DURATION OF HOSPITAL STAY OF THE CANCER PATIENTS OVER A DECADE AT A REGION CANCER CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA Deepa Chakrabarti, Sankar Sengupta, Himangshi Mandal, Syamsundar Mandal Specialist Grade-II Medical Superintendent Trainee of Medical Records Technician Statistical Officer and Head, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics and Medical Records
Updates on the Role of Spinal Cord Stimulation in the Management of Non-Surgical Chronic Lower Back Pain

Studies have shown that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy is effective in the management of chronic low back pain. It plays a role by minimizing the intensity of chronic pain, improving the quality of life index, reducing the intake of narcotic analgesics, and increasing the functional improvement in the working environment. However, spinal cord stimulation therapy is not universal because of the complications in the procedure itself, the invasive nature of the treatment, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, the proper selection of the patients is necessary to get the maximum benefit from the treatment. The study's main objective is to determine the role of spinal cord stimulation in treating non-surgical patients with chronic low back pain. The article will review the mechanism, outcomes, efficacy, predisposing factors in the success and failure of the treatment and indications, contraindications, and selection of patients undergoing spinal cord stimulation therapy. A manual search of the literature was done using databases like Google Scholar and PubMed using the keywords: spinal cord, stimulation, chronic, and low back pain. A total of 37 articles were included in the study after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Spinal cord stimulation therapy effectively treats refractory lower back pain, considering the technology and mechanism of action. The authors conclude that spinal cord stimulation therapy can be used to manage chronic low back pain, other neuropathic pain, and ischemic pain when other standard treatment methods have failed and the pain persisted for more than six months.
Delay-locked loop technique for temperature stabilisation of internal delays of CMOS FPGA devices

A delay-locked loop (DLL) technique for use with typical CMOS field programmable gate array (FPGA) devices is presented. It allows for temperature stabilisation of the internal delays of the devices, especially when the digital delay lines are designed. The voltage V/sub cc/ supplying the FPGA device is varied within a limited range by the DLL to stabilise the internal delays of the device under changes in the ambient temperature. The method is illustrated by presenting results of the realisation of an interpolating time counter with 200 ps resolution, implemented on a single CMOS FPGA device.
A Reproducible Excitation Mechanism for Analyzing Electric Guitars

This contribution presents the excitation mechanism of an experimental set‐up for measuring the structural behavior of an electric guitar body using Laser‐Doppler‐Vibrometers, to be compared to the generated sound. It is the aim of this investigation to gain insight into the influence on the sound of materials and designs of the large variety of commercially available electric guitars. The core of the experimental set‐up is the excitation mechanism, which has been developed to guarantee a well‐defined and absolute reproducible excitation of the guitar string in order to detect even small differences in sound. This mechanism has been constructed making use of the methods of multibody dynamics and optimization. (© 2015 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transient analysis of mixed carbon nanotube bundle interconnects

Presented for the first time is an accurate modelling hierarchy for mixed CNT bundle interconnects. Single-walled CNTs and multi-walled CNTs have been modelled as equivalent single conductor transmission lines and then combined to form a mixed CNT bundle interconnect, which is basically a multiple equivalent single conductor model. Two multiple equivalent single conductor interconnects have been taken to form the multiconductor transmission line model. The delays from transient analysis for both models for a unit bundle have been compared with the corresponding ones for SWCNT bundles and MWCNTs that exist in the literature. It is found that mixed CNT bundle interconnects are superior to both SWCNT bundle and MWCNT interconnects in terms of delay.
Broadband Digital Over-the-Air Computation for Asynchronous Federated Edge Learning

This paper presents the first broadband digital over-the-air computation (AirComp) system for phase asynchronous OFDM-based federated edge learning systems. Existing analog AirComp systems often assume perfect phase alignment via channel precoding and utilize uncoded analog modulation for model aggregation. In contrast, our digital AirComp system leverages digital modulation and channel codes to overcome phase asynchrony, thereby achieving accurate model aggregation in the asynchronous multi-user OFDM systems. To realize a digital AirComp system, we propose a non-orthogonal multiple access protocol that allows simultaneous transmissions from multiple edge devices, and present a full-state joint channel decoding and aggregation (Jt-CDA) decoder. To reduce the computation complexity, we further present a reduced-complexity Jt-CDA decoder, and its arithmetic sum bit error rate performance is similar to that of the full-state joint decoder for most signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. Simulation results on test accuracy of CIFAR10 dataset versus SNR show that: 1) analog AirComp systems are sensitive to phase asynchrony under practical setup, and the test accuracy performance exhibits an error floor even at high SNR regime; 2) our digital AirComp system outperforms an analog AirComp system by at least 1.5 times when SNR≥9dB, demonstrating the advantage of digital AirComp in asynchronous multi-user OFDM systems.
Agile manufacturing - a structured perspective

Two key characteristics of manufacturing companies discussed in the paper are `agility'-the ability of a company to effect changes in its systems, structure and organisation and `responsiveness'-the ability of a company to gather information from its commercial environment and to detect and anticipate changes, to recover from changes and to improve as a result of change. Manufacturing companies, even those operating in relatively stable conditions with good market positions, are facing fast and often unanticipated changes in their commercial environment. Being agile in such environments means being flexible, cost effective and productive and producing with consistent high quality. Each company will respond in a specific and different way deploying its own agile characteristics. The problem of identifying, analysing and evaluating agility in an enterprise involving, people, information, processes and organisation is that no commonly accepted practical frame of reference or analytical structure exists. The work described in the paper is based on detailed reviews of the agile capacity of a range of manufacturing companies to provide a framework from which specific models of agility can be developed. (4 pages)
The Quality of Otology and Neurotology Research in Otology Journals

Objective: To establish the level of evidence and publishing trends in otology-specific journals over a 20-year period. Design: Retrospective analysis. Methods: The three O/N specific journals with the highest Eigenfactor scores were identified. All articles published in the years 1998, 2008, and 2018 were reviewed and level of evidence (LoE) based on standards set by the Oxford Centres for Evidence Based Medicine was assigned by two independent reviewers. One way analysis of variance and 95% bootstrap sensitivity analysis were performed. Results: A total of 1,062 studies were published over 20 years, of these 809 (76.2%) were eligible for inclusion in the present study. The average number of publications per year increased over time. The average LoE improved significantly over the total interval (–0.235, p = 0.027, [CI –0.45, –0.019]), however did not between 1998 and 2008 (p = 0.111) or between 2008 and 2018 (p = 1). When looking at just LoE 1 or 2, the number and percentage of higher quality papers improves over time—48/158 (30.4%) in 1998, rising to 94/250 (37.6%) in 2008, and 158/401 (39.4%) in 2008. Conclusions: Over the past two decades there has been an overall increase in the quantity and quality (as measured by LoE) of publications in O/N-specific journals. In general, quality of O/N studies is slightly better in O/N-specific journals compared with general OHNS journals. However, there are still improvements to be had in the proportion of high-evidence publications, as they still number less than half of all total publications in the subspecialty.
Subgalactic Scaling Relations with T e-based Metallicities of Low-metallicity Regions in Galaxies: Metal-poor Gas Inflow May Have Important Effects?

The scaling relationship is a fundamental probe of the evolution of galaxies. Using the integral field spectroscopic data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory survey, we select 1698 spaxels with a significant detection of the auroral emission line [O iii]λ4363 from 52 galaxies to investigate the scaling relationships at the low-metallicity end. We find that our sample’s star formation rate is higher and its metallicity is lower in the scaling relationship than the star-forming sequence after removing the contribution of the Fundamental Metallicity Relation. We also find that the stellar ages of our sample are younger (<1 Gyr) and the stellar metallicities are also lower. Morphological parameters from the Deep Learning catalog indicate that our galaxies are more likely to be mergers. These results suggest that their low-metallicity regions may be related to interaction; the inflow of metal-poor gas may dilute the interstellar medium and form new metal-poor stars in these galaxies during interactions.
Offline Reinforcement Learning: Fundamental Barriers for Value Function Approximation

We consider the offline reinforcement learning problem, where the aim is to learn a decision making policy from logged data. Offline RL -- particularly when coupled with (value) function approximation to allow for generalization in large or continuous state spaces -- is becoming increasingly relevant in practice, because it avoids costly and time-consuming online data collection and is well suited to safety-critical domains. Existing sample complexity guarantees for offline value function approximation methods typically require both (1) distributional assumptions (i.e., good coverage) and (2) representational assumptions (i.e., ability to represent some or all $Q$-value functions) stronger than what is required for supervised learning. However, the necessity of these conditions and the fundamental limits of offline RL are not well understood in spite of decades of research. This led Chen and Jiang (2019) to conjecture that concentrability (the most standard notion of coverage) and realizability (the weakest representation condition) alone are not sufficient for sample-efficient offline RL. We resolve this conjecture in the positive by proving that in general, even if both concentrability and realizability are satisfied, any algorithm requires sample complexity polynomial in the size of the state space to learn a non-trivial policy. Our results show that sample-efficient offline reinforcement learning requires either restrictive coverage conditions or representation conditions that go beyond supervised learning, and highlight a phenomenon called over-coverage which serves as a fundamental barrier for offline value function approximation methods. A consequence of our results for reinforcement learning with linear function approximation is that the separation between online and offline RL can be arbitrarily large, even in constant dimension.
Imitation and Supervised Learning of Compliance for Robotic Assembly

We present the design of a learning-based compliance controller for assembly operations for industrial robots. We propose a solution within the general setting of learning from demonstration (LfD), where a nominal trajectory is provided through demonstration by an expert teacher. This can be used to learn a suitable representation of the skill that can be generalized to novel positions of one of the parts involved in the assembly, for example the hole in a peg-in-hole (PiH) insertion task. Under the expectation that this novel position might not be entirely accurately estimated by a vision or other sensing system, the robot will need to further modify the generated trajectory in response to force readings measured by means of a force-torque (F/T) sensor mounted at the wrist of the robot or another suitable location. Under the assumption of constant velocity of traversing the reference trajectory during assembly, we propose a novel accommodation force controller that allows the robot to safely explore different contact configurations. The data collected using this controller is used to train a Gaussian process model to predict the misalignment in the position of the peg with respect to the target hole. We show that the proposed learning-based approach can correct various contact configurations caused by misalignment between the assembled parts in a PiH task, achieving high success rate during insertion. We show results using an industrial manipulator arm, and demonstrate that the proposed method can perform adaptive insertion using force feedback from the trained machine learning models.