Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognition and Characterization of Hierarchical Interstellar Structure. II. Structure Tree Statistics

A new method of image analysis is described, in which images partitioned into 'clouds' are represented by simplified skeleton images, called structure trees, that preserve the spatial relations of the component clouds while disregarding information concerning their sizes and shapes. The method can be used to discriminate between images of projected hierarchical (multiply nested) and random three-dimensional simulated collections of clouds constructed on the basis of observed interstellar properties, and even intermediate systems formed by combining random and hierarchical simulations. For a given structure type, the method can distinguish between different subclasses of models with different parameters and reliably estimate their hierarchical parameters: average number of children per parent, scale reduction factor per level of hierarchy, density contrast, and number of resolved levels. An application to a column density image of the Taurus complex constructed from IRAS data is given. Moderately strong evidence for a hierarchical structural component is found, and parameters of the hierarchy, as well as the average volume filling factor and mass efficiency of fragmentation per level of hierarchy, are estimated. The existence of nested structure contradicts models in which large molecular clouds are supposed to fragment, in a single stage, into roughly stellar-mass cores.
Prototypical Fine-tuning: Towards Robust Performance Under Varying Data Sizes

In this paper, we move towards combining large parametric models with non-parametric prototypical networks. We propose prototypical fine-tuning, a novel prototypical framework for fine-tuning pretrained language models (LM), which automatically learns a bias to improve predictive performance for varying data sizes, especially low-resource settings. Our prototypical fine-tuning approach can automatically adjust the model capacity according to the number of data points and the model's inherent attributes. Moreover, we propose four principles for effective prototype fine-tuning towards the optimal solution. Experimental results across various datasets show that our work achieves significant performance improvements under various low-resource settings, as well as comparable and usually better performances in high-resource scenarios.
Constraints on Gamma-Ray Burst Models from GRB 221009A: GeV Gamma Rays versus High-energy Neutrinos

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are generally believed to be efficient particle accelerators. In the presence of energetic protons in a GRB jet, interactions between these protons and the intense radiation field of the GRB are supposed to induce an electromagnetic cascade. Electrons/positrons generated in the cascade will produce an additional spectrum of a robust feature, which is in the form of a power-law distribution up to a GeV regime with an index of ≲2. We suggest that measurements of the Fermi Large Area Telescope at the GeV band can provide independent constraints on the key GRB model parameters such as the dissipation radius, the jet’s bulk Lorentz factor, and the baryon loading factor. Taking GRB 221009A, the brightest GRB ever detected, as an example, we show that the constraints from GeV gamma-ray emission may be more stringent than that from the neutrino observation, providing us with deep insight into the origin of GRBs.
Cytotoxicity change with albumin binding of talaporfin sodium in extracellular photosensitization reaction on cardiomyocyte

We studied the myocardial cell necrosis measuring cell lethality with various albumin concentrations against oxidative stress by extracellular photosensitization reaction using talaporfin sodium. We have proposed to induce the photosensitization reaction in interstitial space of myocardium with short drug-light interval to realize the immediate cell damage by myocardial cell membrane for tachyarrhythmia treatment. To understand the effect of the particular extracellular photosensitization reaction in interstitial space, we measured the myocardial cell lethality 2 hours after the photosensitization reaction by WST assay varying the talaporfin sodium concentration, radiant exposure, and wide albumin concentration of 0-15 mg/ml. The cell lethality was decreased with albumin concentration increasing over 85 % in binding ratio between talaporfin sodium and albumin. The cell lethality didn’t change between 0-85% in binding ratio between talaporfin sodium and albumin. The calculated deposited energy to the talaporfin sodium solution was nearly constant of 8.4±1.6 J/well in average varying albumin concentration. We think the cell killing effect by the extracellular photosensitization reaction has a threshold between 85-100% in the binding ratio between talaporfin sodium and albumin in the case of the talaporfin sodium concentration of 40 μg/ml and radiant exposure of 0-40 J/cm2.
The motion of long bubbles in tubes of square cross section

The flow of a long bubble in an otherwise liquid‐filled tube is a hydrodynamics problem with interesting practical applications in enhanced oil recovery, the coating of monolithic structures, and more recently the design and operation of three‐phase monolithic reactors. For intermediate to large capillary numbers the ‘‘bubble’’ is axisymmetric and the theoretical approach of Bretherton [J. Fluid Mech. 10, 166 (1961)] can be applied if the velocity profile of the fluid flowing between the bubble and the square tube wall is known. The velocity profile can be computed using an infinite series expansion of harmonic polynomials. A film evolution equation—which includes all the terms that are important throughout the entire bubble profile—is integrated using a parametric representation as a function of arclength and free‐surface angle. The flow is analyzed and complete bubble profiles are generated. The results are shown to be in good agreement with experiment.
Symbolic Regression on Noisy Data with Stepwise Genetic Programming Algorithm

In this paper, we present a stepwise genetic programming algorithm to perform regression on a large number of noisy data, the purpose of which is to find a mathematical model for samples. To obtain an accurate statistical model of noisy sample points, discrete cosine transform was inserted into a standard GP algorithm. The energy-compaction property of DCT makes it very suitable for accelerating the implement of the standard GP algorithm and dealing with the noisy data samples. We tested the proposed algorithm with benchmark instances and compared it with several popular other algorithms. The experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm is a powerful tool in finding optimal solutions.
Dynamical branes on expanding orbifold and complex projective space

We construct some new dynamical $p$-brane solutions to gravity theories on curved backgrounds. We discuss the relations between dynamical branes, a new time-dependent solution on complex projective space $\mathbb{C}{\rm P}^n$ and the static $p$-branes on the orbifold ${\mathbb C}^n/{\mathbb Z}_n$.
Measurement of 𝒁𝜸𝜸 production in 𝒑 𝒑 collisions at √ 𝒔 = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Cross-sections for the production of a 𝑍 boson in association with two photons are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the LHC. The measurements use the electron and muon decay channels of the 𝑍 boson, and a ﬁducial phase-space region where the photons are not radiated from the leptons. The integrated 𝑍 (→ ℓℓ ) 𝛾𝛾 cross-section is measured with a precision of 12% and diﬀerential cross-sections are measured as a function of six kinematic variables of the 𝑍𝛾𝛾 system. The data are compared with predictions from MC event generators which are accurate to up to next-to-leading order in QCD. The cross-section measurements are used to set limits on the coupling strengths of dimension-8 operators in the framework of an eﬀective ﬁeld theory.
100 GHz Bandwidth, 1 Volt Near-infrared Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder Modulator

An integrated hybrid thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is shown at near-infrared wavelengths. The design uses TFLN bonded to planarized silicon nitride waveguide circuits, and does not require etching or patterning of TFLN. The push-pull MZM achieves a half-wave voltage length product ($V_\pi L$) of 0.8 V$. $cm at 784 nm. MZM devices with 0.4 cm and 0.8 cm modulation length show a broadband electro-optic response with a 3 dB bandwidth beyond 100 GHz, with the latter showing a bandwidth to half-wave voltage ratio of 100 GHz/V.
Identifying unbound strong bunching and the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation in the quantum Rabi model

We use a recently derived gauge-invariant formulation of the problem of a two-level system coupled to an optical cavity, to explore the transition between the weak, and the ultra-strong coupling regimes of light-matter interaction. We explore this transition using the intensity correlations $g^{(2)}(\tau)$ of the emitted light, and find strong, unbounded bunching of the emission from systems governed by the Rabi Hamiltonian. Surprisingly, this effect is observed not only in the ultra-strong coupling regime, but also for weakly coupled systems, where the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian would predict the opposite, antibunched emission. This suggests that the higher-order correlations are a particularly sensitive probe of the divergence between the Jaynes-Cummings and Rabi Hamiltonians, and can serve as an indicator of the breakdown of the rotating wave approximation. Our findings indicate also that the boundary between the weakly, strongly, and ultra-strongly coupled dynamics, is much richer than currently accepted.
Are there any problem for large values of the action like there were for small ones ?

In this paper we show that a method of quantization proposed few years ago (Ann. of Physics (314) 2005, 24) is equivalent to studying the system for values of the action close to zero. In this paper we also study the behaviour when the action gets very very large which could be the regime where dark energy and dark matter are invoked.
Effect of pressure on the magnetic phase transition in cupric oxide

The thermal expansion has been measured on the single crystalline $\mathrm{CuO}$ under pressure up to $1.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$. Two anomalies in the temperature dependence of thermal expansion were observed at antiferromagnetic transition temperatures, ${T}_{N1}=230\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and ${T}_{N2}=212\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, at ambient pressure, suggesting a strong magnetoelastic coupling in $\mathrm{CuO}$. ${T}_{N2}$ is found to decrease with increasing pressure at a rate of $d{T}_{N2}∕dP\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}2.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}∕\mathrm{GPa}$. Detailed comparison was made with a previous study on the rapid suppression of the antiferromagnetic coupling in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{O}$. The Seebeck coefficient has been measured on ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{O}$ as a function of temperature. The results indicate that hole hopping is remarkably enhanced by substituting Cu with Li. The present study suggests that the suppression of the magnetic coupling both in the $\mathrm{CuO}$ under pressure and in ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{O}$ is mainly due to the enhancement of hole hopping.
Improving the precision of longitudinal ecological surveys using precisely defined observational units

In ecological longitudinal studies, it is difficult to precisely define an observational unit. In many cases the investigator must decide between permanent observational units or observational units with no permanent markers (re‐established each year). The latter choice is appealing as there are no maintenance costs, but the loss of precision in a longitudinal study can be severe. In this article, we analytically demonstrate that by not permanently and precisely marking observational units in a longitudinal study, the efficiency can be reduced, or the cost increased, or both. The magnitude of loss is illustrated for a coral reef benthic survey where precision was reduced by as much as a factor of 12. General formulae to estimate the relative efficiency of ecological surveys based on different levels of observational unit markings are also presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New optical compensator for higher-order polarization mode dispersion in optical fiber channels

We propose a new optical compensator for both first-order and higher-order polarization mode dispersion PMD effects in an optical fiber channel. The compensation scheme needs just one more polarization controller and one more variable differential group delay DGD element than first-order optical compensators with adjustable DGD ele- ments. And the control algorithm for this compensator is easier and more stable than that for the typical higher-order optical polarization mode dispersion compensators. By an advised control method, the proposed compensator can al- ways have better performance than first-order optical com- pensators. Numerical results are given to prove the effi- ciency of the proposed compensation scheme. © 2006 Society
Theoretical Model for Observation of the Conversion Efficiency into Quantum Dot Solar Cells

AbstractIn this work, a theoretical model for investigating the induced photocurrent and the corresponding power conversion efficiency is established. The quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) model is used to determine the dependence of these figures of merits on its various parameters, such as optical generation lifetime, recombination lifetime, quantum dot size, surface density of quantum dots, effective density state into QDs, and number of QD layers. The spectral response for the power conversion efficiency is theoretically calculated. The obtained results ensure that up to 78% conversion efficiency is obtained due to the intrinsic region in the p-n junction being equipped with QD layers. Additionally, the results ensure that a wide spectrum of efficiency is obtained that is not only concentrated near 200 nm, as considered before, but also extended to longer wavelengths up to 3 μm. As a result, the QDSCs will respond to visible light, yielding a higher performance. Finally, the method overcomes the narrow-.
Nonlinear oscillations and chaos from digital filter overflow

Nonlinear digital-filter overflow-oscillations arising from two’s complement arithmetic are described with the emphasis on explaining the reasons for the behaviour and providing illustrations of typical oscillations. The complex properties of some of these oscillations have led to extensive investigations of the nonlinear dynamics and to proposals for applications. The paper provides an introduction to the published literature on this subject.
Design of Driver Monitoring System for Logistics Truck with Design Thinking Approach

The main cause of traffic accidents is risky driving behavior. Risky driving usually happens with professional drivers (logistics vehicle) and non-professional drivers (private vehicle). Professional drivers such as truck drivers with experience a higher accident rate than non-professional drivers because they have more driving hour and has a track record of high driving distances. In addition, driver working conditions are stressful because they are demanded to be on-time delivery and fatigue due to congestion, road usage limitation time from government, long administration waiting times, and if the driver has exhausted, the unlicensed assistant would take over the driving. This behavior was one of the factors causing road traffic accidents. In this study, researchers focused on the process of designing prototypes and the feasibility of solutions obtained from the performance problems of logistics truck drivers, where researchers can reduce logistical truck driver accidents and improve driver safety. The process of designing an IoT prototype uses a design thinking method that is focused on the process of investigating and creating solutions that focus on the human center using personas. The design thinking approach is used in this research to design a driver monitoring system that has the design results according to the needs and desires of management and driver. Started from the empathy phase with interviewing management and driver to obtained driver journey map. The defined phase obtained that the main problem of aggressive driving. Furthermore, the ideation phase providing solutions to problems that occur from the define phase, in this study generating ideas and creating a driver monitoring system according to the needs of the management in the form of a web dashboard and IoT devices implemented in logistics truck. The final stage is the testing phase. There are four objects of the focus of this study, that is operational during driving, vehicles, driving environment, and management which is analyzed analytically which will become a comprehensive driver monitoring system framework from the main research areas and explore their interactions. Well-designed Driver Monitoring System with a design thinking approach that can provide real-time reports during driving to prevent accidents, monitor truck operations, remote control, and historical reports.
Improvement of Production Performance Using WAM & VALSAT Method in Liquid Soap Line

Overall Equipment Effectiveness performance in liquid soap line was 47.7% in 2020 where the OEE target in liquid soap line was 60%. This research will focus on eliminating waste to improve liquid soap line's OEE performance by analyzing waste using lean manufacturing tools. The methodology that used to solve this problem is by using WAM and VALSAT method combined with Six Sigma with DMAIC concept. In define phase, Value Stream Mapping was carried out to analyze the current condition in liquid soap line. Hereinafter, in measure and analyze phase, WAM and VALSAT was carried out to obtain the identification of waste and analyze the waste which causes low OEE in liquid soap line. This happens because of frequency of change over. Frequently changeover can lead low OEE due to production without output. The queuing of materials at the freight elevator is also the cause of low productivity. In the improvement phase, the author implement remapping product and production process redesign. After implementation, OEE increased from 47.7% to 55.5% and productivity increased from 96.7% to 97.9%. In control phase, the author suggests new total productive maintenance (TPM) as the control phase. EEM pillar was added to TPM to maintain performance monitoring process in liquid soap line.
Drivers and Barriers of Sustainable Supply Chain's Enhancement in Pharmaceutical Industry in Indonesia: A Conceptual Model

The progress and development of industrial manufacturing have many influences and benefits for human life. However, behind all these positive sides, the manufacturing industry's progress also affects natural degradation and damage on this earth. Sustainability exists to balance social, economic, and environmental benefits for the convenience of all stakeholders. The implementation of Sustainability in the industry much influence by the supply chain management of the organization. Sustainable supply chains have an essential role in the global business environment. It is a crucial concern always to fulfill consumer desires while maintaining environmental welfare. This research aims to identify the drivers and barriers that could influence the pharmaceutical industry's sustainable supply chain implementation. Through expert validation and content validity ratio (CVR) calculation, this study validated 28 driving factors and ten inhibiting factors to further increase a sustainable supply chain's performance in the pharmaceutical industry.
Virtual sensing in an onshore wind turbine tower using a Gaussian process latent force model

Abstract Wind turbine towers are subjected to highly varying internal loads, characterized by large uncertainty. The uncertainty stems from many factors, including what the actual wind fields experienced over time will be, modeling uncertainties given the various operational states of the turbine with and without controller interaction, the influence of aerodynamic damping, and so forth. To monitor the true experienced loading and assess the fatigue, strain sensors can be installed at fatigue-critical locations on the turbine structure. A more cost-effective and practical solution is to predict the strain response of the structure based only on a number of acceleration measurements. In this contribution, an approach is followed where the dynamic strains in an existing onshore wind turbine tower are predicted using a Gaussian process latent force model. By employing this model, both the applied dynamic loading and strain response are estimated based on the acceleration data. The predicted dynamic strains are validated using strain gauges installed near the bottom of the tower. Fatigue is subsequently assessed by comparing the damage equivalent loads calculated with the predicted as opposed to the measured strains. The results confirm the usefulness of the method for continuous tracking of fatigue life consumption in onshore wind turbine towers.
A transistorized Marx bank circuit providing sub-nanosecond high-voltage pulses

An improved version of a Marx bank circuit has been developed using 2N5551/2N5550 transistors as switching elements in avalanche mode which provides a negative pulse of about 4 kV amplitude and <or=ns rise time. The circuit has about 14 ns delay and <or=ns jitter.
Sustainability Model of Singkarak Lake Water Resources’ Conservation

This paper aims to create a stock and flow model of Singkarak Lake. This research is located in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The problem in this research is the lack of fulfillment of electricity needs in the hydropower plant due to the summer season. Adding scenario is needed, such as planting trees as water conservation. The method used is a stock and flow diagram to model the relationship between tree planting, water balance, and biomass. The methodology uses historical data, field surveys, qualitative and quantitative data. The results of this study found that Singkarak has decreased in lake water level every year. This is because there is a population growth factor that causes water demand to increase. Tree planting policies need to be implemented to keep water levels stable.
Dynamic Traffic Network Equilibrium System with Elastic Demands

We discuss the dynamic traffic network equilibrium system problem with elastic demands by way of a quasi-variational inequality.We introduce the equilibrium definition with elastic demands based on Wardrops principles when there are some internal relationships between different kinds of goods which transported through the same traffic network. Moreover, we also prove that the equilibrium conditions of this problem with elastic demands can be equivalently expressed as a system of evolutionary variational inequalities. By using the fixed point theory and projected dynamic system theory, we get the existence and uniqueness of the solution for this equilibrium problem with elastic demands. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate our results.
On the mapping of quadratic forms

The development of this paper was suggested by a theorem proposed by Bliss, proved by Albert, by Reid, and generalized by Hestenes and McShane. That theorem had to do with two quadratic forms P(z) and Q(z) in real variables s, z, • • • , z with real coefficients, and may be stated as follows: If P(z) is positive at each point 2^(0) at which Q(z)=0, then there is a real number /x such that the quadratic form P(z)+fiQ(z) is positive definite, If one considers the set of points 9ÏÎ in the x^-plane into which the 2-space is mapped by the transformation