Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anatomy of the vertebral column, ribs and sternum in orange rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758): Structural and Functional perspectives

The axial skeleton of orange rumped agouti, Dasyprocta leporina, was studied for better understanding of its locomotor behaviour. The bones from eight adult agoutis of both sexes were observed for their anatomical features and functional significance. The vertebral formula was found to be C7T12L7S5Cy5–6. The well‐developed occipital crest, caudally oriented prominent axis spine and well‐developed transverse processes from C3–C7 indicated a highly flexible neck with greater sagittal mobility. Articular facets were horizontal in anterior series while oblique in the posterior series, which enabled them to perform both lateral and sagittal movements during locomotion. The caudally directed thoracic spines, T12 as anticlinal vertebra and prominent mamillary process in the posterior series were suggestive of strong dorso‐ventral flexion/extension and rotation. The robust lumbar vertebrae, well‐developed transverse processes with cranio‐ventral extension, were the feature for powerful sagittal/dorsoventral movement. The presence of spinous processes and well‐developed transverse processes in all caudal vertebrae was an indication of a highly movable tail. The ribs were 13 pairs with first seven as sternal and six as asternal. They were laterally compressed in the anterior series as a cursorial adaptation. A strong muscular attachment to vertebrae provides this rodent speed, agility, dexterity and strength suitable for survival in food chain.
Phenolic contents and in vitro free radical scavenging activity of alcoholic extract of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L

Three flavonoids were isolated and identified using different spectroscopic procedures from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris L. viz. Querctin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1```-6``)–O-β-D-glucopyranosoide, Quercetin and Isorhamentin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1```-6``)–O-β-Dglucopyranosoide. The last compound is reported for the first time in the fruits under investigation. Qualitative and quantitative determination of flavonoids and phenolic acids of the total alcoholic extract, different solvent extractives and isolated compounds in addition to their antioxidant activity adopting the DPPH method are presented. The results revealed that the total alcoholic, n –butanol and ethyl acetate fractions as well as rutin and quercetin have potent free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 64.0 ± 2.45, 240.4 ± 5.61, 280.9 ± 4.28, 12.1± 1.13 and 11.2 ± 0.81 μg/ml respectively). Moreover, the antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the total alcoholic extract, its subfractions and isolated compounds showed that they possessed non-significant antifungal activity. However, the butanol and ethyl acetate fractions in addition to the quercetin exerted potent antimicrobial activity against all investigated strains.
Prevalence of frailty and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults after total hip arthroplasty

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of frailty and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults who have undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA). Materials and methods: This study, which employed a cross-sectional, observational design, was conducted between April and November 2020. The participants were older adults (⩾65 years) who had undergone primary THA at the study hospital. Based on Fried’s modified phenotype, frailty was stratified into 3 degrees according to the presence of 3 or more of the following components: weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, low activity level, and slow walking speed. Multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse the associations of frailty with its potential risk factors. Results: The data of 518 participants were analysed. The overall prevalence of frailty and prefrailty was 11.4% and 51.0%, respectively. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that calf circumference (odds ratio [OR] 0.716, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.611–0.839; p < 0.001), fall history (OR 2.435, 95% CI, 1.114–5.322; p = 0.026), hip abductor muscle strength (OR 0.962, 95% CI, 0.938–0.987; p = 0.003), knee extensor muscle strength (OR 0.980, 95% CI, 0.964–0.996; p = 0.013), and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) performance (OR 1.802, 95% CI, 1.458–2.228; p < 0.001) were associated with frailty. Conclusions: Frailty was highly prevalent in community-dwelling older adults after THA. Further, its potential associations with calf circumference, hip abductor and knee extensor muscle strength, TUG performance, and fall history highlight the significance of these factors for interventions.
Osteogenic and angiogenic profiles of the palatal process of the maxilla and the palatal process of the palatine bone

Hard palate consists anteriorly of the palatal process of the maxilla (ppmx) and posteriorly of the palatal process of the palatine (ppp). Currently, palatal osteogenesis is receiving increasing attention. This is the first study to provide an overview of the osteogenesis process of the mouse hard palate. We found that the period in which avascular mesenchymal condensation becomes a vascularized bone structure corresponds to embryonic day (E) 14.5 to E16.5 in the hard palate. The ppmx and ppp differ remarkably in morphology and molecular respects during osteogenesis. Osteoclasts in the ppmx and ppp are heterogeneous. There was a multinucleated giant osteoclast on the bone surface at the lateral‐nasal side of the ppmx, while osteoclasts in the ppp were more abundant and adjacent to blood vessels but were smaller and had fewer nuclei. In addition, bone remodeling in the hard palate was asymmetric and exclusively occurred on the nasal side of the hard palate at E18.5. During angiogenesis, CD31‐positive endothelial cells were initially localized in the surrounding of palatal mesenchymal condensation and then invaded the condensation in a sprouting fashion. At the transcriptome level, we found 78 differentially expressed genes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis between the ppmx and ppp. Fifty‐five related genes were up/downregulated from E14.5 to E16.5. Here, we described the morphogenesis and the heterogeneity in the osteogenic and angiogenic genes profiles of the ppmx and ppp, which are significant for subsequent studies of normal and abnormal subjects.
Is It Feasible to Conduct Post-Tuberculosis Assessments at the End of Tuberculosis Treatment under Routine Programmatic Conditions in China?

There is growing evidence that a substantial proportion of people who complete anti-tuberculosis treatment experience significant morbidity and mortality which can negatively affect their quality of life. It is suggested that national tuberculosis programs conduct end-of-treatment assessments, but whether this is feasible is currently not known. We therefore assessed whether tuberculosis program staff could assess functional and general health status of patients at the end of treatment in five TB clinics in four provinces in China. There were 115 patients, aged 14–82 years, who completed anti-tuberculosis treatment and a post-TB assessment. There were 54 (47%) patients who continued to have symptoms, the commonest being cough, dyspnea and fatigue. Symptom continuation was significantly more common in the 22 patients with diabetes (p = 0.027) and the 12 patients previously treated for TB (p = 0.008). There were 12 (10%) current smokers, an abnormal chest X-ray was found in 106 (92%) patients and distance walked in the 6-min walking test (6MWT) ranged from 30–750 m (mean 452 ± 120); 24 (21%) patients walked less than 400 m. Time taken to perform the post-TB assessment, including the 6MWT, ranged from 8–45 min (mean 21 ± 8 min). In 98% of the completed questionnaires, health workers stated that conducting post-TB assessments was feasible and useful. This study shows that post-TB assessments can be conducted under routine programmatic conditions and that there is significant morbidity that needs to be addressed.
High-Performance CsPbX3 Perovskite Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Devices via Solid-State Ligand Exchange

Recently, all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs), CsPbX3 have become attractive because of their excellent optoelectronic properties and superior air/moisture stabilities compared with conventional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, and the application of CsPbX3 PeQDs to light-emitting devices (LEDs) has also become competitive. To enable the use of CsPbX3 PeQDs for thin-film-type perovskite quantum-dot LEDs (PeQLEDs), a paradox associated with the ligand property and surface passivation must be overcome during thin-film fabrication. A decline in the photoemission performance was observed at relatively low amounts of surface-passivating ligands, while the quality of the thin film deteriorated in the presence of excessive ligands. To address this conflict, in this study, the performance of PeQLEDs based on CsPbX3 fabricated by a novel method involving solid-state ligand exchange (SLE) with aromatic acid/amine was investigated. Using this strategy, most of the excess ligands were removed while pre.
State of the Art Stroke Imaging: A Current Perspective

Acute stroke is a widespread, debilitating disease. Fortunately, it also has one of the most effective therapeutic options available in medicine, endovascular treatment. Imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis of stroke and aids in appropriate therapy selection. Given the rapid accumulation of evidence for patient subgroups and concurrent broadening of therapeutic options and indications, it is important to recognize the benefits of certain imaging technologies for specific situations. An effective imaging protocol should: 1) be fast, 2) easily implementable, 3) produce reliable results, 4) have few contraindications, and 5) be safe, all with the goal of providing the patient the best chance of achieving a favorable outcome. In the following, we provide a review of the currently available imaging technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as an overview of the future of stroke imaging. Finally, we offer a perspective.
Focused Cardiac Ultrasound Findings in Children Presenting With Shock to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rwanda

Objectives Shock remains a leading proximate cause of death in children. Children in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries present with shock from a wide range of pathologies. Routine physiologic parameters may not reflect underlying physiology. No previous work has systematically described ultrasound findings in children with shock in an SSA country. We set out to perform focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) on children with shock in Rwanda and describe the findings in this pilot study. Methods In a prospective descriptive study, we trained pediatric residents to perform FOCUS on children presenting with shock to an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department in Kigali, Rwanda. Images were transmitted via cellphone network and reviewed by experts. Primary outcome was expert's description of the FOCUS findings. Secondary outcomes included mortality at 48-hour, change in assessment and treatment after FOCUS, and agreement of FOCUS findings between residents and experts. Results Between January 2020 and April 2020, 25 subjects were enrolled by 8 residents. Eleven of 25 (44%) were newly diagnosed with acquired or congenital heart disease. The 48-hour mortality rate was higher in this group compared with those without heart disease (8 of 11 vs 1 of 14). The resident reported changing assessment and treatment based on FOCUS findings in 60% of patients (15 of 25). There was good to excellent agreements between residents and FOCUS experts on left ventricle function, pericardial effusion, and intravascular volume. Conclusions In children presenting with signs and symptoms of shock in SSA, one could perform a screening FOCUS to distinguish between hypovolemic and cardiogenic shock.
Reclassifications of ischemic stroke patterns due to variants of the Circle of Willis

Background Variants of the Circle of Willis (vCoW) may impede correct identification of ischemic lesion patterns and stroke etiology. We assessed reclassifications of ischemic lesion patterns due to vCoW. Methods We analyzed vCoW in patients with acute ischemic stroke from the 1000+ study using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF MRA) of intracranial arteries. We assessed A1 segment agenesis or hypoplasia in the anterior circulation and fetal posterior cerebral artery in the posterior circulation. Stroke patterns were classified as one or more-than-one territory stroke pattern. We examined associations between vCoW and stroke patterns and the frequency of reclassifications of stroke patterns due to vCoW. Results Of 1000 patients, 991 had evaluable magnetic resonance angiography. At least one vCoW was present in 37.1%. VCoW were more common in the posterior than in the anterior circulation (33.3% vs. 6.7%). Of 238 patients initially thought to have a more-than-one territory stroke pattern, 20 (8.4%) had to be reclassified to a one territory stroke pattern after considering vCoW. All these patients had fetal posterior cerebral artery and six (30%) additionally had carotid artery disease. Of 753 patients initially presumed to have a one-territory stroke pattern, four (0.5%) were reclassified as having more-than-one territory pattern. Conclusions VCoW are present in about one in three stroke patients and more common in the posterior circulation. Reclassifications of stroke lesion patterns due to vCoW occurred predominantly in the posterior circulation with fetal posterior cerebral artery mimicking multiple territory stroke pattern. Considering vCoW in these cases may uncover symptomatic carotid disease.
Chloramphenicol-borate/boronate complex for controlling infections by chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria

Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a pressing problem worldwide, with many health organisations prioritizing this issue. Whilst there is a desperate need for new effective antimicrobials, it is also important to understand the mechanisms and epidemiology of the resistant pathogens currently present in the community. Chloramphenicol is one such well known antibiotic which had lost its efficacy due to bacterial resistance. In this paper, we report the design, synthesis, and bio-studies of novel chloramphenicol-borate/boronate derivatives which showed the ability to control the infections caused by chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria. Activity profiling against P. aeruginosa strain EXR1 with catB gene indicated the inability of acetyl transferase to acetylate the chloramphenicol-borate/boronate complex, unlike chloramphenicol. Results obtained from the antimicrobial assays were further rationalized by molecular docking studies. The latter revealed that the probable reason for the enhanced antibacterial activity may be attributed to the change in the binding site of chloramphenicol-borate/boronate with chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) with respect to chloramphenicol itself. Hemolytic and genotoxic studies established the reduced toxicity of these synthetic derivatives with respect to chloramphenicol.
Posterior circulation collateral flow modifies the effect of thrombectomy on outcome in acute basilar artery occlusion

Background In basilar artery occlusion stroke, the impact of the collateral circulation on infarct progression in the context of endovascular treatment is yet poorly studied. Aim This study investigates the impact of the posterior circulation collateral score (PCCS) on functional outcome according to the extent of early ischemic changes and treatment. We hypothesized that the presence of collaterals, quantified by the PCCS, mediates the effect of endovascular treatment on functional outcome in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion. Methods In this multicenter observational study, patients with basilar artery occlusion and admission computed tomography were analyzed. At baseline, Posterior circulation Acute Stroke Prognosis Early Computed Tomography score (pcASPECTS) was assessed and PCCS was quantified using an established 10-point grading system. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores 0–2 at day 90). Results A total of 151 patients were included, of which 112 patients (74%) underwent endovascular treatment. In patients with a better PCCS (>5), the rate of good outcome was significantly higher (55% vs. 11%; p = 0.001). After adjusting for PCCS, vessel recanalization was significantly associated with improved functional outcome (aOR: 4.53, 95%CI: 1.25–16.4, p = 0.02), while there was no association between recanalization status and outcome in univariable analysis. Patients with low pcASPECTS generally showed very poor outcomes (mean modified Rankin Scale score 5.3, 95%CI: 4.9–5.8). Conclusion PCCS modified the effect of recanalization on functional outcome, particularly in patients with less pronounced ischemic changes in admission computed tomography. These results should be validated to improve patient selection for endovascular treatment in basilar artery occlusion, particularly in uncertain indications, or to triage patients at risk for very poor outcomes.
Controllable Doping in 2D Layered Materials

For each generation of semiconductors, the issue of doping techniques is always placed at the top of the priority list since it determines whether a material can be used in the electronic and optoelectronic industry or not. When it comes to 2D materials, significant challenges have been found in controllably doping 2D semiconductors into p‐ or n‐type, let alone developing a continuous control of this process. Here, a unique self‐modulated doping characteristic in 2D layered materials such as PtSSe, PtS0.8Se1. 2, PdSe2, and WSe2 is reported. The varying number of vertically stacked‐monolayers is the critical factor for controllably tuning the same material from p‐type to intrinsic, and to n‐type doping. Importantly, it is found that the thickness‐induced lattice deformation makes defects in PtSSe transit from Pt vacancies to anion vacancies based on dynamic and thermodynamic analyses, which leads to p‐ and n‐type conductance, respectively. By thickness‐modulated doping, WSe2 diode exhibits a high rectification ratio of 4400 and a large open‐circuit voltage of 0.38 V. Meanwhile, the PtSSe detector overcomes the shortcoming of large dark‐current in narrow‐bandgap optoelectronic devices. All these findings provide a brand‐new perspective for fundamental scientific studies and applications.
The Mitochondrial Prohibitin (PHB) Complex in C. elegans Metabolism and Ageing Regulation

The mitochondrial prohibitin (PHB) complex, composed of PHB-1 and PHB-2, is an evolutionarily conserved context-dependent modulator of longevity. This extremely intriguing phenotype has been linked to alterations in mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism. The true biochemical function of the mitochondrial PHB complex remains elusive, but it has been shown to affect membrane lipid composition. Recent work, using large-scale biochemical approaches, has highlighted a broad effect of PHB on the C. elegans metabolic network. Collectively, the biochemical data support the notion that PHB modulates, at least partially, worm longevity through the moderation of fat utilisation and energy production via the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Herein, we review, in a systematic manner, recent biochemical insights into the impact of PHB on the C. elegans metabolome.
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of hexane and acetone extracts of sheets and fruits of Feijoa sellowiana O.

In these last decades, recent pharmacopeia was focused on the search of bioactive molecules, which were extracted from medicinal plants. In this study, our choice related to Moroccan variety Feijoa sellowiana (F. sellowiana). Because, this variety had not been scientifically evaluated yet. Meanwhile, its fruits were ignored by moroccan population, which could economically constitute an exploitable source. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial activities of F. sellowiana. Extraction was carried out by successive exhaustion of plant materials, by using two organic solvents, hexane and acetone. Therefore, the separation of each extract was done using chromatography on column. Thereafter, the screening of secondary metabolites were done by the method of screening. According to the different results obtained during this study. All extracts have showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as saponosids, tannins, steroids and terpens. Thus, they showed antimicrobial activities except acetone extract of fruits, almost all fractions revealed as inactives on Candida albicans. However, more studies are needed to valorize the moroccan variety F. sellowiana and could be used to overcome the microbial aggressions.
Prediction of Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Adaptation in Pelvis–Femur Model with Hip Arthroplasties

The prediction of bone remodeling behaviour is a challenging factor in encouraging the long-term stability of hip arthroplasties. The presence of femoral components modifies the biomechanical environment of the bone and alters the bone growth process. Issues of bone loss and gait instability on both limbs are associated with the remodeling process. In this study, finite element analysis with an adaptive bone remodeling algorithm was used to predict the changes in bone mineral density following total hip and resurfacing hip arthroplasty. A three-dimensional model of the pelvis–femur was constructed from computed tomography (CT-based) images of a 79-year-old female patient with hip osteoarthritis. The prosthesis stem of the total hip arthroplasty was modelled with a titanium alloy material, while the femoral head had alumina properties. Meanwhile, resurfacing of the hip implant was completed with a cobalt-chromium material. Contact between the components and bone was designed to be perfectly bonded at the interface. Results indicate that the bone mineral density was modified over five years on all models, including hip osteoarthritis. The changes of BMD were predicted as being high between year zero and year one, especially in the proximal region. Changes were observed to be minimal in the following years. The bone remodeling process was also predicted for the non-operated femur. However, the adaptation was lower compared to the operated limbs. The reduction in bone mineral density suggested the bone loss phenomenon after a few years.