Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Qualitative spatial and temporal representation and reasoning : efficiency in time and space

Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning (QSTR) provides a human-friendly abstract way to describe and to interpret spatial and temporal information. To describe the qualitative information, QSTR makes use of qualitative relations between entities and usually stores them in a qualitative constraint network (QCN). The QCNs are then used as the basis to process qualitative spatial and temporal information, including qualitative reasoning and query answering. Time efﬁciency of reasoning techniques in QSTR is critical for applica-tions to deal with qualitative spatial and temporal information in large-scale datasets. In this thesis, we present a special family of tractable subclasses of relations, called distributive subalgebras. We show that several efﬁcient algorithms are applicable to the QCNs over distributive subalgebras for solving important reasoning problems. We also identify maximal distributive subalgebras for popular relation models in QSTR and point out their connections with several previously identiﬁed important subclasses. ABSTRACT which expresses the same qualitative information as the original QCN. We also devise an efﬁcient algorithm to construct such subsets. Second, the network representation sometimes requires a large storage space when encoding large-scale data. This could severely limit the ability of relation retrieval for any two given spatial entities. In fact, when the size of a QCN becomes large, it might be too costly or even infeasible to ﬁt the QCN into fast accessible storage and relation retrieval will become inefﬁcient. We propose two alternative representation techniques to compactly encode qualitative spatial relations between regions. For this purpose, the ﬁrst technique uses minimum bounding rectangles (MBRs) to encode both topological relations and directional relations, while the second technique focuses on encoding topological relations by generating axis-aligned rectangles for spatial entities. We show that for large real-world datasets of regions, these two techniques can signiﬁcantly reduce the storage size of qualitative spatial information and in the meantime the relations between regions can be efﬁciently inferred from those simple geometric shapes.
Triggering Magnets for Wiegand Sensors: Electrodeposited and Origami-Magnetized CoNiP Micro-Magnets

Miniature sensors are key components for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks, autonomous vehicles, smart cities, and smart manufacturing. As a miniature and self-powered magnetic sensor, the Wiegand sensor possesses advantageous traits including changing-rate-independent output, low cost, and remarkable repeatability and reliability. A typical Wiegand sensor requires hard magnetic pole pieces that provide external fields for triggering voltage outputs that are called Wiegand pulses. However, the wire-shaped sensing element of Wiegand sensors is the critical issue that limits the design, selection, and adoption of the external triggering magnets. Currently, the widely used pole piece materials are rare-earth magnets. However, adopting rare-earth magnets brings strong stray fields, causing an electromagnetic interference (EMI) problem. In this study, patterned CoNiP hard magnets were electrodeposited on flexible substrates through microfabrication. Origami magnetization was utilized to control the resultant stray fields and thus the pole piece of CoNiP magnets can successfully trigger the output of the Wiegand pulse. In comparison, the output voltage of the triggered pulse acquired through the patterned CoNiP magnets is comparable to that acquired by using the rare-earth magnets. Furthermore, both the volume (and hence the weight) of the Wiegand sensor and the EMI issue can be significantly reduced and mitigated, respectively, by the CoNiP magnets.
Redes de información y sistemas de innovación agrícolas: hacia un nuevo enfoque de la extensión rural local

La extensión rural ha evolucionado desde enfoque lineal tradicional, hacia un modelo sistémico que involucra la participación de actores públicos y privados, configurando sistemas de innovación. En esta interacción sistémica se conforman estructuras de redes de información donde los productores establecen vínculos con diversos actores tanto locales como externos al territorio. A partir del análisis de estas redes, fue posible identificar actores clave, determinando los roles de promotor de innovaciones, líder de opinión, intermediario facilitador e intermediario bróker. La identificación de actores y su función, permite la implementación de un modelo de extensión rural a escala local.
Spectral Reflectance of Clouds in the Near-Infrared: Comparison of Measurements and Calculations

In the near-infrared region, liquid water (and ice) absorb weakly, causing a dependence of spectral cloud reflectance on the mean radius of the droplets. Provided optical thickness is known or can be inferred, measurements of reflectance would seem to be capable of yielding some microphysical information, providing a remote sensing technique for cloud microphysics. The present paper compares measured and computed spectra for clouds for which both spectral reflectance and in situ drop-size and and liquid-water measurements were made. Some as yet unresolved disparities were encountered between the various measurements, and these need to be resolved before remote sensing is attempted.
Investigative and Usability Findings of the Move-D Orthotic Brace Prototype for Upper Extremity Tremors in Pediatric Patients: An Unblinded, Experimental Study

Tremors affect pediatric and adult populations, with roughly 3% of people worldwide experiencing essential tremors. Treatments include medication, deep brain stimulation, occupational/physical therapy, or adaptive equipment. This unblinded experimental pre-test–post-test study was performed (April–September 2021) at Children’s Health of Orange County, evaluating the effectiveness of Move-D, a novel orthotic brace, on pediatric tremors. Ten participants (14–19 years old) experiencing upper extremity tremors (5 essential, 2 dystonic, 1 coarse, 1 postural, and 1 unspecified) were enrolled. Participants completed a usability survey and performance was measured utilizing the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition, with and without the brace, using one-sided t-tests of mean differences. Move-D improved age-equivalent scores for fine motor precision by 20.5 months and upper limb coordination by 15.1 months. Manual coordination percentile rankings increased by 2.9%. Manual dexterity performance was unaffected. The usability survey revealed that 7/10 participants agreed or strongly agreed that they could move their arm freely while wearing the brace, the brace reduced their tremors, and they felt comfortable wearing the brace at home. Through standardized testing and findings from the usability survey, Move-D showed an improvement of functional abilities in a pediatric population with tremors.
Key role of temperature on delamination in solid-state additive manufacturing via supersonic impact

Cold spray (CS) has emerged as a representative of solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) via supersonic impact. It enables a high deposition rate of solid-state microparticles. Delamination, however, tends to occur when depositing too thick; this remains to be conquered. Here, a CS-like process, warm spray (WS), was presented. Interestingly, it was found that the appropriate increase in particle temperature can effectively reduce the residual stress amplitude, relieving the concentrated tensile stress and safeguarding the additively manufactured components from interfacial delamination even when depositing too thick. The key role of temperature on delamination was identified in solid-state AM via supersonic impact. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT It makes a clear understanding of the delamination issue in solid-state AM via supersonic impact, providing scientific guidance for technological/equipment upgrading and safeguarding the structural integrity of complex, large-size components.
Purchasing Behaviour and Problems Faced by Farmers and Dealers Related to Insecticide

Insecticides protect crops from insects by either killing them or preventing their attack. They assist in keeping the number of pests under the appropriate threshold level. A study entitled "Purchasing behaviour and problems faced by farmers and dealers related to insecticide” focused on understanding the factors that influence farmers' decisions while purchasing insecticides and identifies the problems they faced in the study area. The study aimed to provide insights into the socio-economic background of farmers, understand their purchasing behaviour towards insecticide, and assess the problems faced by farmers and dealers. The study was conducted in Keshod taluka in Junagadh district of Gujarat. Both primary and secondary data were used to meet the study's predetermined objectives. The semi-structured schedule was used to complete the primary survey. A total of 100 farmers and 30 dealers from the Keshod taluka made up the sample of 130 respondents. In this study, it was observed that the majority of farmers were between the age of 21 to 60 years. Most of the respondents had a joint family. A major part of the respondents were small and marginal farmers. The major issues faced by farmers were the high cost of pesticides and the lack of after-sales support. The major issues faced by farmers were the relatively high price and after-sale service.
Control landscapes are almost always trap free: a geometric assessment

A proof is presented that almost all closed, finite dimensional quantum systems have trap free (i.e. free from local optima) landscapes for a large and physically general class of circumstances, which includes qubit evolutions in quantum computing. This result offers an explanation for why gradient-based methods succeed so frequently in quantum control. The role of singular controls is analyzed using geometric tools in the case of the control of the propagator, and thus in the case of observables as well. Singular controls have been implicated as a source of landscape traps. The conditions under which singular controls can introduce traps, and thus interrupt the progress of a control optimization, are discussed and a geometrical characterization of the issue is presented. It is shown that a control being singular is not sufficient to cause control optimization progress to halt, and sufficient conditions for a trap free landscape are presented. It is further shown that the local surjectivity (full rank) assumption of landscape analysis can be refined to the condition that the end-point map is transverse to each of the level sets of the fidelity function. This mild condition is shown to be sufficient for a quantum system’s landscape to be trap free. The control landscape is shown to be trap free for all but a null set of Hamiltonians using a geometric technique based on the parametric transversality theorem. Numerical evidence confirming this analysis is also presented. This new result is the analogue of the work of Altifini, wherein it was shown that controllability holds for all but a null set of quantum systems in the dipole approximation. These collective results indicate that the availability of adequate control resources remains the most physically relevant issue for achieving high fidelity control performance while also avoiding landscape traps.
Sex Differences in Heart Failure: What Do We Know?

Highlights Women predominantly exhibit HFpEF compared to men. Factors exclusive to women, such as adverse pregnancy outcomes and premature menopause, elevate the risk of HF. The establishment of sex-specific optimal drug dosages and concrete guidelines for device therapy is essential. Concerted multidisciplinary initiatives are crucial to bridge the existing sex disparities in HF management. Abstract Heart failure (HF) remains an important global health issue, substantially contributing to morbidity and mortality. According to epidemiological studies, men and women face nearly equivalent lifetime risks for HF. However, their experiences diverge significantly when it comes to HF subtypes: men tend to develop HF with reduced ejection fraction more frequently, whereas women are predominantly affected by HF with preserved ejection fraction. This divergence underlines the presence of numerous sex-based disparities across various facets of HF, encompassing aspects such as risk factors, clinical presentation, underlying pathophysiology, and response to therapy. Despite these apparent discrepancies, our understanding of them is far from complete, with key knowledge gaps still existing. Current guidelines from various professional societies acknowledge the existence of sex-based differences in HF management, yet they are lacking in providing explicit, actionable recommendations tailored to these differences. In this comprehensive review, we delve deeper into these sex-specific differences within the context of HF, critically examining associated definitions, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. We provide a specific emphasis on aspects exclusive to women, such as the impact of pregnancy-induced hypertension and premature menopause, as these unique factors warrant greater attention in the broader HF discussion. Additionally, we aim to clarify ongoing controversies and knowledge gaps pertaining to the pharmacological treatment of HF and the sex-specific indications for cardiac implantable electronic devices. By shining a light on these issues, we hope to stimulate a more nuanced understanding and promote the development of more sex-responsive approaches in HF management.
Perbandingan Analisis Sentimen Mengenai BPJS pada Media Sosial Twitter Menggunakan Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) dan Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Abstrak—Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, masyarakat saat ini dapat mengungkapkan perasaan, pendapat, atau pandangannya kepada publik melalui jejaring sosial. Salah satu media sosial terpopuler saat ini adalah Twitter yang diluncurkan oleh Jack Dorsey pada tanggal 15 Juli 2006. Media sosial ini merupakan salah satu media sosial utama yang digunakan masyarakat Indonesia untuk memberikan opini kepada pengguna internet. Karena jumlah pengguna Twitter yang cukup besar, hal ini sering digunakan oleh pemerintah, pelaku bisnis, maupun masyarakat untuk melihat pendapat pengguna tentang suatu produk atau layanan. Karena sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia menggunakan BPJS, maka hal ini menyebabkan banyak pengguna media sosial seperti Twitter mengunggah ulasan mereka terkait kinerja BPJS. Hal ini dikarenakan hasil penelitian diperoleh langsung dari opini publik atas apa yang mereka alami, maka hasil tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pengoptimalisasian program kerja, dan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan bagi perusahaan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode untuk membandingkan tingkat akurasi antara metode Naïve Bayes Classifier dan Support Vector Machine menggunakan data Twitter berupa tweet umum mengenai kinerja BPJS dengan kata kunci “BPJS”, “Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial”, “Klaim” sejak Januari 2019 sampai Desember 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Support Vector Machine Kernel RBF dengan parameter C = 1000 dan γ = 100 memiliki performa ketepatan klasifikasi yang paling baik dibanding Naïve Bayes Classifier dan Support Vector Machine Kernel Linear. Dengan hasil rata-rata ketepatan klasifikasi SVM Kernel RBF, SVM Kernel Linear, dan Naïve Bayes Classifier masing-masing sebesar 97,1%, 92,5%, dan 86,7%.
De la atención de emergencias a la proactividad administrativa: la transformación del Estado colombiano frente a los desastres

El desarrollo de las instituciones para enfrentar los desastres está marcado por el acaecimiento previo de algún tipo de desastre de gran magnitud, que pone de presente su insuficiencia. La forma en que el Estado actúa frente a los desastres se ha transformado desde la simple atención de emergencias a través del despliegue de poderes extraordinarios, hasta la gestión integral del riesgo en aplicación de los principios de precaución y de eficacia. Este texto busca entender, desde el derecho administrativo, los factores que han motivado este cambio en la relación del Estado con los desastres, comprendiendo así la evolución, la actualidad y los desafíos de la función administrativa de gestión del riesgo de desastres en Colombia.
Effect of topogram-tube angle combination on CT radiation dose reduction

This study assessed the ability of various types of topograms, when used with an automatic tube current modulation (ATCM) technique, to reduce radiation dose from computed tomography (CT) scans. Three types of topograms were used with the ATCM technique: (i) anteroposterior (AP) topograms alone, (ii) AP topograms followed by lateral topograms, and (iii) lateral topograms followed by AP topograms. Various regions (chest, abdomen and whole-body) of a humanoid phantom were scanned at several tube voltages (80, 100 and 120 kVp) with the selected topograms. Although the CT dose depended on the order of topograms, the CT dose with respect to patient positioning depended on the number of topograms performed. The magnitude of the difference in CT dose between number and order of topograms was greater for the scans of the abdomen than the chest. These results suggest that, for the Siemens SOMATOM Definition AS CT scanner, choosing the right combination of CT scan conditions with the ATCM technique can minimize radiation dose to a patient.
Feature-Engineering Enabled Multiobjective Evolutionary Impedance Fitting Technique

The impedance fitting technique aims to make the impedance of an equivalent circuit the same as the measured impedance of the real system through parameter tuning. Since only the magnitude and phase of the impedance are measurable, the single-objective optimization algorithm, where the objective is to minimize the weighted summation of the fitting errors on magnitude and phase, has been widely used to achieve automatic impedance fitting. However, this scheme is easy to be trapped in the local minima, which, leads to poor fitting precision. A feature-engineering enabled multiobjective evolutionary impedance fitting (FEMEIF) technique is proposed in this article. By implementing several effective feature engineering techniques to fully leverage the limited impedance information, and by utilizing these synergetic features to enable multiobjective impedance fitting for realizing better hierarchy on individuals, FEMEIF much improves the impedance fitting performance with higher fitting precision and lower optimization variance compared with the traditional single-objective impedance fitting schemes. FEMEIF provides a novel methodology for improving the impedance fitting task, requires no additional measurements or expenses, and is universal for various optimization algorithms or equivalent circuits. Besides, it provides an open topic for exploring other potential features to achieve further improvement. The effectiveness of the FEMEIF is verified separately on fitting the impedance of a generic RLC-parallel circuit and on an industrial application of fitting the common-mode impedance of a motor system.
High-performance integrated pick-up circuit for SPAD arrays in time-correlated single photon counting

The analysis of optical signals by means of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) has been subject to a widespread interest in recent years. The development of multichannel high-performance Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) acquisition systems has undergone a fast trend. Concerning the detector performance, best in class results have been obtained resorting to custom technologies leading also to a strong dependence of the detector timing jitter from the threshold used to determine the onset of the photogenerated current flow. In this scenario, the avalanche current pick-up circuit plays a key role in determining the timing performance of the TCSPC acquisition system, especially with a large array of SPAD detectors because of electrical crosstalk issues. We developed a new current pick-up circuit based on a transimpedance amplifier structure able to extract the timing information from a 50-μm-diameter custom technology SPAD with a state-of-art timing jitter as low as 32ps and suitable to be exploited with SPAD arrays. In this paper we discuss the key features of this structure and we present a new version of the pick-up circuit that also provides quenching capabilities in order to minimize the number of interconnections required, an aspect that becomes more and more crucial in densely integrated systems.
Physicochemical and radiological characterization of flue gas desulfuration waste samples from Brazilian coal-fired power plants

Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) waste is an industrial by-product generated during the flue gas desulfurization process in coal-fired power plants. This by-product contain trace quantities of naturally occurring radionuclides and elements such as As, Ba, Co, Cr, Zn. The characteristics of FGD waste are important for its reuse and are mainly depend on the desulfurization process. In this work, two types of FGD materials collected from three coal-fired power plants using semi-dry and wet processes were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XFR) and particle size analysis. The radioactive content of 238U, 232Th, 228Th, 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb and 40K and trace elements were also determined using Neutron activation analysis and Gamma-ray spectrometry. The major constituents for all samples were Ca, Si, S, Al and Fe. Wet FGD by-product presented also high magnesium content. The wastes contain mainly semi-hydrate calcium sulfite and calcium sulfate. The particle size of FGD from semi-dry process was lower than that from the wet process. The average activity concentration of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 210Pb, 228Ra, 228Th and 40K varied between were 50-71, 33-42, 28-52, 113-150, 26-33, 33-39, 161-390 Bq kg-1, respectively. According to the results of leaching and solubilization tests, FGD samples were classified as non-hazardous and non-inert. The obtained data are useful for evaluation of possible applications of FGD by-products.
Multifocus Image Fusion in Q-Shift DTCWT Domain Using Various Fusion Rules

Multifocus image fusion is a process that integrates partially focused image sequence into a fused image which is focused everywhere, with multiple methods proposed in the past decades. The Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) is one of the most precise ones eliminating two main defects caused by the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Q-shift DTCWT was proposed afterwards to simplify the construction of filters in DTCWT, producing better fusion effects. A different image fusion strategy based on Q-shift DTCWT is presented in this work. According to the strategy, firstly, each image is decomposed into low and high frequency coefficients, which are, respectively, fused by using different rules, and then various fusion rules are innovatively combined in Q-shift DTCWT, such as the Neighborhood Variant Maximum Selectivity (NVMS) and the Sum Modified Laplacian (SML). Finally, the fused coefficients could be well extracted from the source images and reconstructed to produce one fully focused image. This strategy is verified visually and quantitatively with several existing fusion methods based on a plenty of experiments and yields good results both on standard images and on microscopic images. Hence, we can draw the conclusion that the rule of NVMS is better than others after Q-shift DTCWT.
On the power pseudovariety

The pseudovariety PCS which is generated by all power semigroups of finite completely simple semigroups is characterized in various ways. For example, the equalities PCS = Jm CS = BGm RB are established. This resolves a problem raised by Kad'ourek and leads to several transparent algorithms for deciding membership in PCS.