Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SmoothOut: Smoothing Out Sharp Minima for Generalization in Large-Batch Deep Learning

In distributed deep learning, a large batch size in Stochastic Gradient Descent is required to fully exploit the computing power in distributed systems. However, generalization gap (accuracy loss) was observed because large-batch training converges to sharp minima which have bad generalization [1][2]. This contradiction hinders the scalability of distributed deep learning. We propose SmoothOut to smooth out sharp minima in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and thereby close generalization gap. SmoothOut perturbs multiple copies of the DNN in the parameter space and averages these copies. We prove that SmoothOut can eliminate sharp minima. Perturbing and training multiple DNN copies is inefficient, we propose a stochastic version of SmoothOut which only introduces overhead of noise injection and denoising per iteration. We prove that the Stochastic SmoothOut is an unbiased approximation of the original SmoothOut. In experiments on a variety of DNNs and datasets, SmoothOut consistently closes generalization gap in large-batch training within the same epochs. Moreover, SmoothOut can guide small-batch training to flatter minima and improve generalization. Our source code is in this https URL
The multivariate leptokurtic‐normal distribution and its application in model‐based clustering

This article proposes the elliptical multivariate leptokurtic‐normal (MLN) distribution to fit data with excess kurtosis. The MLN distribution is a multivariate Gram–Charlier expansion of the multivariate normal (MN) distribution and has a closed‐form representation characterized by one additional parameter denoting the excess kurtosis. It is obtained from the elliptical representation of the MN distribution, by reshaping its generating variate with the associated orthogonal polynomials. The strength of this approach for obtaining the MLN distribution lies in its general applicability as it can be applied to any multivariate elliptical law to get a suitable distribution to fit data. Maximum likelihood is discussed as a parameter estimation technique for the MLN distribution. Mixtures of MLN distributions are also proposed for robust model‐based clustering. An EM algorithm is presented to obtain estimates of the mixture parameters. Benchmark real data are used to show the usefulness of mixtures of MLN distributions. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 95–119; 2017 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada
WHAT IS... a Scheme

This chapter is dedicated to, and fundamentally influenced by, Richard Skemp’s pioneering work on schemes. Both of us were present in Warwick when Richard died, and we sang at his funeral. This is no maudlin sentiment but a deeply felt gratitude for the man and his work. David Tall occupies Skemp’s Chair of Mathematics Education at Warwick, and both of us were influenced, as have been many mathematics educators, by Skemp’s highly polished works. His contributions have an enduring quality because he tackled basic issues of mathematical intelligence.
REFERENCE INTERVALS OF SERUM HYALURONIC ACID IN AN ADULT NIGERIAN POPULATION: A PILOT STUDY.

Purpose: To determine age and gender-specific reference intervals of hyaluronic acid (HA) in healthy Nigerian Igbos living at Nnewi, as reference for interpreting clinical laboratory values of HA. Materials And Methods: Eighty healthy volunteers were partitioned into two age groups: group 1 (participants 30 years and above) and group 2 (participants 29 years and below).
Magnetization of ancient ceramics

The saturation magnetization sigma of soft baked pottery appears to be determined during the firing process by transitions between the iron oxides magnetite, maghemite, hematite and perhaps goethite. The finding of large variations in a motivated the design and construction of a 'magnetization-gravitation', or 'MG', balance for rapid non-destructive magnetization measurements. The first results with this MG balance are presented: iso-sigma contours, typical histograms and correlations with colour features. Practical MG applications are summarized.
An Empirical Comparison of Principal Component Analysis and Clustering on Variables for Dimension Reduction Using Leukemia and Breast Cancer Data

One of the important problems of data analysis is that identifying nuisance variable(s) in a data set that contributes to an increase of variability within groups in an experiment. One way to address this issue is through dimension reduction of data sets. In this study we compare between two widely used methods of reducing dimension data sets, namely the method of the principal component (PC), statistics technical that uses orthogonal transformation to convert a set of possibly correlated variables of into a new set of uncorrelated variables and the method of clustering on variables, where the aim is to put the variables with similar information in the same group or cluster by considering two celebrated data sets from literature, the leukemia dataset and the other a breast cancer data.
Correlation with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and glomerular filtration rate in chronic renal failure patients

Background: One of the more significant hormonal systems, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controls the kidney function, adrenal gland through its effect on the balance of sodium and potassium, blood pressure, fluid volume, and also manages the functions of cardiovascular. Objective: To clarify the interrelationship between renal dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients and Methods: One hundred samples were collected from December 1, 2022, to February 18, 2023, from Al Shams Medical Laboratories (56 male, and 44) female, age range (of 45-60 years), all of them were volunteers suffering from chronic renal failure in the third stage the average glomerular filtration rate was 35. 70 ± 0.37 125 mL/min/1.73m2. and under conservative treatment. Kidney function test, active renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone were assessed in the serum of all subjects. The p - value of differences less than 0.05 is measured significant, and uses the statistical package for the social sciences (23) software to calculate the correlation coefficient between various parameters. Results: The result shows relationship between the changes in GFR with creatinine, urea and active renin, the mean GFR showed significant negative correlated with mean creatinine (R = -0.76, p < 0.01. As well as the mean GFR with mean urea (R = -0.64, p < 0.01). The mean GFR also showed significant negative correlated with mean active renin in (R = -0.41, p < 0.01). Also, the mean serum active renin level was significantly positive correlated with mean aldosterone (R =0.33, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Renin enzyme is inversely related to renal dysfunction, so when the glomerular filtration rate decrease, the higher the renin increased, and as a result, the increase in blood pressure in chronic renal failure patients.
The Effective Field Theory of Fermi Surfaces in the Vicinity of Van Hove Singularities

The use of effective field theories to attack new and seemingly disparate problems has proliferated in the past several decades. In this thesis, we develop effective field theories for systems of fermionic quasiparticles possessing Fermi surfaces, with a particular focus on Fermi surfaces proximal to Van Hove singularities. Such systems are a fruitful source of complex and novel behavior in condensed matter physics. We begin with an overview of the renormalization group procedure at the heart of effective field theory by analyzing a simple example. We emphasize the concept that the RG relates the observables of one theory to those of another theory with precisely the same form but different numerical parameters. We also note the generality and extensibility of these concepts. We then apply this perspective to the study of quasiparticles with a round Fermi surface, employing the technique of binning the quasiparticle fields in momentum space to translate previous treatments into a more modern form. We next develop an effective field theory describing the excitations of modes around a Fermi surface with a Van Hove singularity. We resolve lingering questions about the presence of nonlocal interactions in similar models. We find a rich and complicated theory capable of describing deviations from typical Fermi liquid behavior that nonetheless displays some universal dependence on the interactions involving modes in the vicinity of the Van Hove point. We close with an analysis of the instabilities of this Van Hove effective field theory.
Measuring the Scatter in the Cluster Optical Richness-Mass Relation with Machine Learning

The distribution of massive clusters of galaxies depends strongly on the total cosmic mass density, the mass variance, and the dark energy equation of state. As such, measures of galaxy clusters can provide constraints on these parameters and even test models of gravity, but only if observations of clusters can lead to accurate estimates of their total masses. Here, we carry out a study to investigate the ability of a blind spectroscopic survey to recover accurate galaxy cluster masses through their lineof-sight velocity dispersions (LOSVD) using probability based and machine learning methods. We focus on the Hobby Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), which will employ new Visible Integral-Field Replicable Unit Spectrographs (VIRUS), over 420 degree on the sky with a 1/4.5 fill factor. VIRUS covers the blue/optical portion of the spectrum (3500 − 5500 Å), allowing surveys to measure redshifts for a large sample of galaxies out to z < 0.5 based on their absorption or emission (e.g., [O II], Mg II, Ne V) features. We use a detailed mock galaxy catalog from a semi-analytic model to simulate surveys observed with VIRUS, including: (1) Survey, a blind, HETDEX-like survey with an incomplete but uniform spectroscopic selection function; and (2) Targeted, a survey which targets clusters directly, obtaining spectra of all galaxies in a VIRUS-sized field. For both surveys, we include realistic uncertainties from galaxy magnitude and line-flux limits. We benchmark both surveys against spectroscopic observations with “perfect” knowledge of galaxy line-of-sight velocities. With Survey observations, we can recover cluster masses to ∼ 0.1 dex which can be further improved to < 0.1 dex with Targeted observations. This level of cluster mass recovery provides important measurements of the intrinsic scatter in the optical richness-cluster mass relation, and enables constraints on the
High-Precision Time-of-Flight Determination Algorithm for Ultrasonic Flow Measurement

Commercial time-of-flight (TOF) ultrasonic flowmeters (UFM) are rapidly expanding in the general industry. Among the different techniques that can be applied to determine the TOF of ultrasonic waves, the cross-correlation method presents numerous advantages, such as robustness for weak signals and noise suppression. However, the selection of an appropriate reference wave is presumably a key element in the precise measurement of TOF. In this paper, an algorithm to compute an accurate TOF is proposed. The form of the electric signal received by the transducer is obtained from an acoustically forced underdamped oscillator model, and the analytical solution of the model is proposed as a reference wave. In order to validate the effectiveness of this procedure, a UFM system is designed and tested in a flowmeter calibration test rig. It is demonstrated that the use of the presented scheme overcomes the average method limitations, and turns out to be a convenient solution in a wide range of conditions. Robust measurements of near-zero flow values are acquired, which allow the achievement of a high dynamic range. The error curve of the proposed system have been obtained, revealing that the absolute value of the relative errors is lower than 2% within all the spectrum of flow rates considered (from 0.2 to 150 $\text{m}^{3}$ /h). Results demonstrate that the algorithm provides high-precision measurements within a wide dynamic range. The algorithm is portable and versatile: it can be adapted to different types of transducers without the need of additional measurements, allowing adjusting parameters on-the-fly for an optimal performance of the ultrasonic flowmeter (UFM) system.
High power wide band square-wave pulse generation at 1 μm in a passively mode-locked fiber laser

We have proposed and demonstrated the generation of high power, wide band square-wave pulse in a figure-8 Yb-doped mode-locked fiber laser. The fiber laser operates at 1083.65 nm with 3 dBbandwidth of 6.5 nm, which can emit nanosecond square pulses with a maximum average output power of 1.31 W and peak power 40 W, respectively. The bandwidth, to the best of our knowledge, is the widest output bandwidth in a square-wave pulse fiber laser operating at 1 μm band.
A Cross-Sectional Study of the Haematological Profile of Patients With Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)

The liver keeps haematological parameters normal and preserves haemostasis by storing iron, vitamin B-12, and, folic acid, necessary for healthy haematopoiesis. Anaemia of various aetiologies affects approximately 75% of chronic liver disease (CLD) patients, specifically caused by iron deficiency, hypersplenism, chronic diseases, autoimmune haemolysis, folic acid deficiency, aplasticity, and as a side effect of antiviral drugs. This study sought to observe the derangements in haematological parameters in patients with CLD, analyse the spectrum of anaemia in patients with CLD, and predict CLD outcomes utilizing Child-Pugh Score. This cross-sectional observational research was carried out in the Department of General Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences (HIMS), Dehradun, India over the course of a year. The patients with CLD who were admitted to the ward participated in the study. Most patient’s blood pictures reported normocytic normochromic with thrombocytopenia (TCP) (28.7%), macrocytic hypochromic with TCP (26%), microcytic hypochromic with TCP (13.3%) and macrocytic normochromic with TCP (9.3%). The incidence of anaemia was 85.3%: mild in 12.7% patients, moderate in 55.3% patients, and severe in 17.3% patients. Interestingly, this study also builds upon others suggesting that 85.9% of CLD patients have Class C Child-Pugh Score.
Aspects of F-theory-engineered quantum field theories

espanolEn esta tesis damos de tres ejemplos de teorias cu anticas de campos que pueden ser realizadas en la teor a de supercuerdas IIB, y teor a F. Para empezar, consideramos un modelo modelo de Gran Uni caci on (GUT) de grupo gauge SU(5) en teor a F, con E7 enhancement. Se calculan los acoplos de Yukawa para las dos familias m as pesadas del MSSM, como tambi en una entrada de la matriz CKM. Masas realistas para los fermiones pueden ser encontradas jando algunos valores de los par amentros que entran en el modelo. A continuaci on, consideramos el fen omeno de incremento de supersimetr a en Teor as Cu anticas de Campos (QFTs), en que una teor a con 4 supercargas uye en el IR a una teor a con 8 supercargas. Hacemos nuevas b usquedas sistematicas para encontrar m as teor as que tienen esta propriedad particular. Adem as, damos una explicaci on de este fen omeno a trav es del geometrical engineering de la QFT con una D3 que explora una singularidad en teor a F que corresponde a una con guraci on gauge no-Abeliana conocida como T-brana. Por ultimo, consideramos ramas mixtas de algunas teor as cu anticas de campos 3d N = 4. Damos una manera para calcular la Serie de Hilbert de una cualquier rama mixta para un conjunto dado de teorias, llamadas T[SU(N)]. Para entender como se modi ca la f ormula de la Serie de Hilbert del Coulomb Branch en el caso de un mixed branch, es crucial pensar a la teor a T[SU(N)] en el contexto de la teor a de supercuerdas IIB, a trav es una construcci on de Hanany-Witten. EnglishIn this thesis we discuss three examples of quantum eld theories engineered from the IIB superstring theory and F-Theory. Firstly we consider a model of SU(5) GUT in F-Theory, with E7 enhancement. Yukawa couplings for the two heaviest families of MSSM are computed, as well as one CKM entry. Realistic masses for the fermions can be obtained by considering certain values of the parameters entering in the model. Secondly, we discuss the phenomenon of supersymmetry enhancement in QFTs, in which a theory with 4 supercharges ows in the IR to a theory with 8 supercharges. New systematic scans are performed in order to nd more theories showing this peculiar feature. Furthermore, an explanation of this SUSY enhancement is given by geometrically engineering the QFT of a D3 probing a F-Theory singularity corresponding to a T-brane background. Thirdly, we consider mixed branches of 3d N = 4 QFTs. We devise a way to compute the Hilbert Series of a generic mixed branch of a particular set of theories of this kind, called T[SU(N)]. In order to understand how the usual formulae for a Coulomb Branch Hilbert series get modi ed in the mixed branch case, it was crucial to engineer the T[SU(N)] in IIB superstring theory, by the use of an Hanany-Witten setup
Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Morbidly Obese Pediatric Patient With Bardet-Biedl Syndrome

Data on the effect of bariatric surgery for syndromic obesity are lacking. This case report presents the preoperative evaluation and perioperative outcomes of a 7-year-old pediatric patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) who underwent sleeve gastrectomy. The male patient was referred to our department for the surgical treatment of his obesity. His preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 55.2 kg/m2 (weight, 83.5 kg), and he was above the 99th percentile for age and gender. The patient underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. The postoperative period was uneventful. Six months after the operation, the patient's weight decreased to 50 kg (BMI, 28.72 kg/m2). Weight loss was maintained until 3 years after surgery. Dyslipidemia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were significantly alleviated. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy may be a safe and effective treatment for morbid BBS-related obesity in pediatric patients. Further data are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy and safety of bariatric surgery in BBS.
Internal photoemission for photovoltaic using p-type Schottky barrier: Band structure dependence and theoretical efficiency limits

Solar energy conversion via internal photoemission (IPE) across a planar p-type Schottky junction is quantified for aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) in the framework of direct transitions with non-constant matrix elements. Transition probabilities and k-resolved group velocities are obtained based on pseudo-wavefunction expansions and realistic band structures using the pseudopotential method. The k-resolved number of direct transitions, hole photocurrent density, quantum yield (QY), and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) under AM1.5G solar irradiance are subsequently calculated and analyzed. For Al, the parabolic and “parallel-band” effect along the U-W-K path significantly enhances the transition rate with final energies of holes mainly within 1.41 eV below the Fermi energy. For Cu, d-state hot holes mostly generated near the upper edge of 3d bands dominate the hole photocurrent and are weekly (strongly) dependent on the barrier height (metal film thickness). Hot holes produced in the 4s band behave jus.
LQ control of unknown discrete‐time linear systems—A novel approach and a comparison study

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to the linear quadratic (LQ) optimal control of unknown discrete‐time linear systems. We first describe an iterative procedure for minimizing a partially unknown static function. The procedure is based on simultaneous updates in the estimation of unknown parameters and in the optimization of controllable inputs. We then use the procedure for control optimization in unknown discrete‐time dynamic systems—we consider applications to the finite‐horizon and the infinite‐horizon LQ control of linear systems in detail. To illustrate the approach, an example of the pitch attitude control of an aircraft is considered. We also compare our proposed approach to several other approaches to finite/infinite‐horizon LQ control problems with unknown dynamics from the literature, including extremum seeking and adaptive dynamic programming/reinforcement learning. Our proposed approach is competitive with these approaches in speed of convergence and in implementation and computational complexity.
Submillimeter wave spectroscopy of ethyl isocyanide and its searches in Orion

Context. About 40 cyanide compounds have been detected in the interstellar medium, but only 3 examples of organic isocyanide compounds were observed in this medium. Ethyl isocyanide is one of the best candidates for possible detection. Aim. To date, measurements of rotational spectra are limited to 40 GHz. The extrapolation of the prediction in the millimeter wave domain is inaccurate and does not permit an unambiguous detection. Methods. The rotational spectra were reinvestigated from 0.15 to 1 THz. Using the new prediction, we searched for the compound ethyl isocyanide in Orion KL and Sgr B2. Results. We newly assigned 2906 transitions and fitted these new data with those from previous studies, reaching quantum numbers up to J = 103 and K a = 30. The asymmetric top Hamiltonian proposed by Watson in the I r representation was used for the analysis, and both reductions A and S were tested. The search for CH 3 CH 2 NC in Sgr B2 (IRAM 30m) and Orion KL (IRAM 30m, ALMA Science Verification) result in a non-detection; upper limits to the column density were derived.
Predictors of burnout among resident doctors in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Background Burnout is a psychological syndrome resulting from exposure to chronic work-related stress. There are, however, a few works of literature on burnout among trainee doctors in Nigeria. Aim To determine the prevalence of burnout and its predictors among resident doctors across 16 medical specialties and/or subspecialties. Setting The University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 resident doctors between October 2020 and January 2021. The survey included the Proforma and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS MP). Results The mean age of participants was 35.10 (SD 4.07) years. The prevalence of burnout was 21.6% for high emotional exhaustion (EE), 13.6% for high depersonalization (DP), and 30.7% for low personal accomplishment (PA). Being a younger resident doctor aged 31–35 (OR = 3.715, 95% CI [1.270 – 10.871]) was the only significant predictor for the EE. Predictors of DP included the age group 31–35 years (OR = 7.143, 95% CI [2.297 – 22.216]), duty hours >50 hours per week (OR = 2.984, 95% CI [1.203 – 7.401]), and presence of work-related stress (OR = 3.701, 95% CI [1.315 – 10.421]). A good relationship with colleagues negatively predicted low PA (OR = 0.221, 95% CI [0.086 – 0.572]). Conclusion High levels of burnout are prevalent among resident doctors, comparable to international studies. Therefore, the government and other relevant stakeholders must drive legislation and formulate policies toward addressing the work-related factors associated with burnout in the Nigerian healthcare industry. Contribution This study highlighted the determinants of burnout among Nigerian resident doctors, which necessitates targeted interventions to address them.