Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insects versus birds: the great divide

*Insects generally fly in the world of laminar flow with substantial , persistent vortices swirling around the wings and trailing off into the wake . Understanding of their high -lift mechanisms has advanced greatly in re cent years . Most of the lift is attributable to a large leading -edge vortex (LEV) created by the sharp leading edge of the wing. We have further studied the vortex dynamics and wing f orces using model wings rotating like propellers, which mimics the flapping phase of the wingbeat and avoids the confounding effects when the wing flips over at either end of the cycle. The leading -edge flow separation necessary to create the LEV causes a loss of leading -edge suction, and th e resultant aerodynamic force is approximately normal to the chord. At the high angles of attack needed to produce the LEV, a large drag force is therefore inevitable. The low L/D matters little to the insects: they just arrange the flapping motion to point the resultant force in the desired direction for weight support and thrust, taking advantage of the high drag as well as the high lift. However, the high drag of the insect flight mechanism is obviously unsuitable for fixed and rotary wing devices. The wings of large insects approach a chord -based Reynolds number of 10000 , where the separated shear layer from the sharp leading edge starts to become turbulent. By Re = 20 000 the turbulence destroys the coherence of the LE V, causing periodic shedding of vorticity and a three -fold reduction in the li ft coefficients. All but the smallest b irds live permanently in the turbulent regime , and thus are unlikely to exploit the insect flight mechanism. It may be that turbulence is t he great dividing line between them and the insects. However, there are always exceptions. Hummingbirds range in size from 2 to 20 grams , and fly across the spectrum from laminar to turbulent flow. Pilot tests of hummingbird wings at Re = 5000 reveal that maximum lift coefficients are very similar for insects and hummingbirds, but drag coefficients are much smaller , suggesting that the flow remains attached over the upper wing surface. The hummingbird wing far outperforms the insect LEV mechanism and is muc h less restrictive: it would be suitable for fixed wing and rotary wing designs in addition to flapping ones, and would be suitable for turbulent a s well as laminar applications. Amongst the large insects, dragonflies also have high L/D ratios that indicat e attached flow, and they are one of the few successful insect gliders. Our knowledge of transitional Re aerodynamics would benefit greatly from further study of such exceptions.
Picosecond all-optical switching of magnetic tunnel junctions

Control of magnetism without using magnetic fields enables large-scale integration of spintronic devices for memory, computation and communication in the beyond-CMOS era. Mechanisms including spin torque transfer, spin Hall effect, and electric field or strain assisted switching have been implemented to switch magnetization in various spintronic devices. Their operation speed, however, is fundamentally limited by the spin precession time to be longer than 10-100 picoseconds. Overcoming such a speed constraint is critical for the prospective development of spintronics. Here we report the demonstration of picosecond all-optical switching of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ)- the building block of spintronic logic and memory -only using single telecom-band, infrared laser pulses. This first optically switchable MTJ uses ferrimagnetic GdFeCo as the free layer, and its switching is directly readout by measuring its tunneling magnetoresistance with a DR/R ratio of 0.6%. An instrument limited switching repetition rate at MHz has been demonstrated, but the fundamental limit should be higher than tens of GHz. This result represents an important step toward integrated opto-spintronic devices that combines spintronics and photonics technologies to enable ultrafast conversion between fundamental information carriers of electron spins and photons.
STRATEGI PEMASARAN PADA BANK PEMERINTAH: STUDI KASUS PT. BANK MANDIRI Tbk. CABANG YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2004

Marketing strategy as an important aspect to maintain and expand opportunities to reach the market. Studies that explore the Bank's internal marketing strategies have been examined by previous research but based on competitive banking dynamics and highly dynamic market demands it is difficult to predict, the study of marketing strategies in the context of the Bank's companies is considered to be relevant for review at any time. This article aims to analyze the marketing strategies available at PT Bank Mandiri, Tbk Yogyakarta branch 2004 with the SWOT analysis method. Data was obtained through interviews with the management of the Bank Mandiri Yogyakarta branch. The analytical tool used is the analysis of industrial structure (Porter), SWOT. The results of the study through a SWOT analysis of the position of PT. Bank Mandiri in its marketing strategy uses a growth strategy.
Personalized tDCS for Focal Epilepsy—A Narrative Review: A Data-Driven Workflow Based on Imaging and EEG Data

Conventional transcranial electric stimulation(tES) using standard anatomical positions for the electrodes and standard stimulation currents is frequently not sufficiently selective in targeting and reaching specific brain locations, leading to suboptimal application of electric fields. Recent advancements in in vivo electric field characterization may enable clinical researchers to derive better relationships between the electric field strength and the clinical results. Subject-specific electric field simulations could lead to improved electrode placement and more efficient treatments. Through this narrative review, we present a processing workflow to personalize tES for focal epilepsy, for which there is a clear cortical target to stimulate. The workflow utilizes clinical imaging and electroencephalography data and enables us to relate the simulated fields to clinical outcomes. We review and analyze the relevant literature for the processing steps in the workflow, which are the following: tissue segmentation, source localization, and stimulation optimization. In addition, we identify shortcomings and ongoing trends with regard to, for example, segmentation quality and tissue conductivity measurements. The presented processing steps result in personalized tES based on metrics like focality and field strength, which allow for correlation with clinical outcomes.
CXCL10 levels in diagnosis and improved hemodynamics in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension undergoing balloon pulmonary angioplasty

Abstract Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a progressive pulmonary vascular disease characterized by pulmonary artery stenosis or obstructions resulting from insufficient thrombus resolution. Chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) is a chemokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases and cancers. The present study aims to investigate the levels of CXCL10 in patients with CTEPH throughout balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and its correlation with the improvement of pulmonary hemodynamics. Plasma CXCL10 levels were measured in 38 CTEPH patients with 100 BPA sessions and in 28 healthy controls. Correlations between CXCL10 and pulmonary hemodynamics were investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to display the diagnostic value and the predictive ability for perioperative complications of CXCL10 and CXCL10‐related models. Nomograms were plotted to visualize the diagnostic value and the predictive ability for perioperative complications of CXCL10 and CXCL10‐related models. CXCL10 levels are higher in CTEPH patients compared with healthy controls (36.5 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 25.0–51.1] vs. 14.8 [95% CI: 11.1–30.9], p < 0.0001) and decreased significantly after BPA treatment (36.5 [95% CI: 25.0–51.1] vs. 24.7 [95% CI: 17.2–36.6], p < 0.0005). Preoperative CXCL10 levels positively correlated with mean right atrial pressure (r = 0.25), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP; r = 0.28), diastolic PAP (r = 0.33), mean PAP (r = 0.36), pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.31), and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP; r = 0.46). Furthermore, plasma CXCL10 levels adjusting for age and sex displayed a sensitivity of 86.0% and a specificity of 67.9% for discriminating CTEPH patients from healthy controls. Preoperative CXCL10 levels, in combination with NT‐proBNP, predicted perioperative complications with a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 46.9% as displayed in ROC analysis. In conclusion, circulating CXCL10 might contribute to the evaluation of disease severity in CTEPH patients and be useful to evaluate the treatment effect of BPA. Future studies are warranted to further study the relationship between pulmonary hemodynamics and circulating CXCL10.
Millimeter-Wave Broadband Waveguide-to- Microstrip Transition Using a Bifurcated Probe

In this letter, a novel waveguide-to-microstrip vertical transition using a bifurcated probe is presented. The bifurcated probe consists of a pair of thin parallel $E$ -plane probes and bend branches, which forms a strong current crowding effect for electromagnetic energy coupling from rectangular waveguide and broadband impendence matching. Therefore, the bifurcated probe can effectively reduce the sensitivity of probe dimensions to transition performance and design difficulty. To demonstrate this concept, a back-to-back bifurcated probe transition operating at WR-4.3 band (170–260 GHz) was fabricated and measured. Measured results show the double transition covers the entire WR-4.3 band with a minimum return loss (RL) of 16 dB and an average insertion loss (IL) of 0.84 dB, respectively.
Finite-Time Synchronization of Fractional-Order Complex-Valued Cohen-Grossberg Neural Networks with Mixed Time Delays and State-Dependent Switching

This paper discussed the finite-time synchronization of fractional-order complex-valued Cohen-Grossberg neural networks (FCVCGNNs), which contain mixed time delays and state-dependent switching that make the model more comprehensive. Different from other methods, we use a method of nonseparating real and imaginary parts to get our conclusions. By applying fractional-order inequalities and the Lyapunov function, effective controllers with suitable conditions are derived. Additionally, the maximum time for the drive-response system to reach synchronization is also given. Finally, numerical examples are designed to illustrate the effectiveness of our obtained theoretical results.
Design Thinking Framework for Integration of Transparency Measures in Time-Critical Decision Support

Abstract The integration of artificial intelligence transparency in time-critical decision support is complex and requires consideration of the impact on human-machine teaming. The relationships between transparency, trust, workload, and situational awareness are key to understanding this impact on performance. We detail the development of a novel design framework for transparency integration in Decision Support Systems. We selected the design thinking approach as the baseline for our framework as this focuses on developing empathy with users and rapid design iteration. We adapted this framework by introducing the concept of empathy for both human and machine agents. In this situation, “empathy” is providing a deep understanding of the model, its purpose and the underlying data for AI. We developed a structured problem definition focused on understanding the relationships between constructs and established solution themes to guide the designer. We demonstrate this transparency integration framework on a Transfer of Care Decision Support System.
Use of generalized additive mixed models in the comparison of mortar types in different configurations

Generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) are useful when the nature of the data is longitudinal, which include the nonlinearity of the individual trajectories of the subjects, associating these with the assumption of the existence of random effects for each individual. In these models it is possible to rewrite the predictor as a sum of smooth nonparametric functions and then use the smooth technique P-spline. Thus, using the generalized additive mixed models with P-splines, this article aims to verify the impact of the types of mortars and the concentration levels of an additive content on the evolution of mortar weight contained in specimens over time, verifying possible differences between combinations of types and concentration. In relation to the results, it was observed through the analyzes that there were significant differences in the estimated curves of the weight evolution in both types of mortar, concluding that the matured mortar has a water absorption speed by capillarity higher than dry mortar. All the necessary assumptions for the validity of the model have been satisfied.
Managing Perishability in the Fruit and Vegetable Supply Chains

Spoilage reduction in fresh product supply chains is an important challenge and represents great opportunities for cost savings and reduced environmental and social footprints. The purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of spoilage and to discuss how these insights can be used to reduce spoilage.We use panel data techniques to quantify the drivers of spoilage in the days-fresh category using daily spoilage and supply chain data (457,539 store-SKU level observations) for fresh fruits and vegetables at Switzerland’s largest retailer. We quantify to what extent inventory, promotions, delivery type, commitment changes, order variations, order cycle, and quality issues influence spoilage. We discuss the mechanisms through which inventory age and product standards impact spoilage of days-fresh products. Our novel findings underline the necessity for specialized supply chain processes, tracking inventory age and damage, and collaboration with supply chain partners in the management of this fundamental product category.
Design of High Voltage Switch for Pulse Discharging

Presented in this paper is the design of a high voltage switch module made up of MOSFETs, pulse transformers and their gate driver circuits compactly fitted onto a single PCB module. The ease by which the switch modules can be configured (series stacking and/or parallel stacking) to meet future load variations allows for flexible operation of this design. In addition, the detailed implementation of the gate driver circuit for reliable and easier switch synchronization is also described in this paper. The stored energy in the capacitor bank of a 15kV, 4.5kJ/s peak power capacitor charger was discharged using the developed high voltage switch, and by experimental results, the operation of the proposed circuit was verified to be effectively used as a switch for pulse discharging.
A new CMOS compatible high performance first-order all-pass filter realisation

ABSTRACT A new realisation of an electronically tunable first-order voltage-mode all-pass filter enjoying the feature of low voltage and low power is proposed in this paper. The proposed realisation of filter employs only one active element namely differential voltage extra-x current controlled conveyor and one grounded capacitor. The use of minimal number of components makes the proposed structure simple and attractive from chip fabrication point of view. The performance of proposed structure is also discussed by considering the effects of parasitic and non-idealities of the used active element. Additionally, higher order filter realisation is also included to enrich the presented work by exploring possible applicability aspects. The theoretical performance is validated at schematic level using 0.18 µm CMOS technology parameters with ±1 V supply voltages. Furthermore, Cadence Analog Design Environment (ADE) with gpdk 0.18 µm technology is used to design the layout of the proposed circuit. Pre-layout and post-layout simulation verification is provided to extend the real time validation of theoretical aspects.
Older Bipolar Patient with Treatment-Refractory Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Due to Lewy Body Dementia: Role of Neuroimaging

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms to Lewy Body Abstract When treatment-refractory neuropsychiatric symptoms develop in older persons with chronic mental illness, differential diagnoses, treatment and medical workup become even more demanding. The differential diagnoses are vast and treatment limited due to increased susceptibility to neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. In this case of an older bipolar patient with difficult-to-manage mania and catatonia, the use of neuroimaging allowed us to establish a clear diagnosis of Lewy Body dementia and modify her pharmacotherapy accordingly and effectively. Familiarizing ourselves with the utility of the dopamine transporter scan (DaT) provides the psychiatrist another tool within their diagnostic toolbox.
A biologically inspired methodology for multi-disciplinary design optimization

Optimization problems in engineering are of major importance for the development of new structures, new materials, and even for new ways of improving engineering that are so demanding in today’s industry. The development of a biologically inspired methodology brings new ways for topology optimization to be applied in a multidisciplinary design approach. The process developed in this thesis extends the methodology proposed by Kobayashi for engineering designs to multiply connected regions. The methodology is based on a cellular division model for developing the design topology. The topology generated is then improved using a Genetic Algorithm. The methodology is demonstrated in the design of a structural panel from a satellite at launching conditions. Software was developed to illustrate the applicability of the proposed design approach. The results show how the method improves a given structural problem and compares it to a traditional engineering design.
Financial crime scripting: Introducing a financial perspective to the Dutch cocaine trade

The Netherlands operates as a distribution hub for cocaine, due to its transit characteristics cocaine is imported from South America and distributed to the rest of Europe. To enhance the financial approach to organized crimes, this article proposes a new crime script: a financial crime script. With a special focus on the importing stage, 76 Dutch court rulings are analyzed to make a first financial crime script. This financial crime script provides new insight into the proceeds, costs, and means of payment of criminal organizations and therefore could aid law enforcement in calculating criminal gains.
Hyperspectral Classification of Two-Branch Joint Networks Based on Gaussian Pyramid Multiscale and Wavelet Transform

Due to its high spectral resolution, Hyperspectral remote sensing data can provide practically continuous spectral curves for target objects and fully reflect the detailed characteristics of ground objects. However, the data redundancy generated by a large number of bands poses challenges to the feature extraction of target objects. Hence, the spectral data are processed by wavelet transform to reduce the influence of intra-class spectral variation on classification. The multi-scale image data were collected by Gaussian pyramid multi-scale transformation. Then the multi-scale spatial information was captured through the feature extraction network to improve the classification accuracy. We propose a dual-branch feature extraction network. The first branch adopts Gaussian pyramid multi-scale transformation to obtain multi-scale images and then applies the feature extraction module to gain multi-scale spatial features. The second branch employs wavelet transform to process spectral data to reduce the impact of abnormal spectral data on classification and then applies a feature extraction module to acquire spectral features. Finally, the spectral and spatial features obtained by the two branches are fused in the full connection layer to achieve an accurate classification. This method can effectively capture the fine features of hyperspectral images by combining spectral features and spatial features of different scales. Simultaneously, it can capture the interaction between spectral and spatial features by combining spatial and spectral features through joint learning. Experimental results on hyperspectral image datasets indicate that the method outperforms other traditional deep learning-based and other advanced classifiers.
Mechanical Tests of Aircraft Structural Components

The Fourth Meeting of the Second Half of the 67th Session of the Royal Aeronautical Society was held a t the Royal Society of Arts on Thursday, February n t h , 1932, Major Barlow, Member of Council, presiding. The CHAIRMAN : His first duty was to apologise for the absence of the President, Mr. Fairey, who, as had been announced at the previous meeting, was down with influenza and had now been ordtered away for a few days ' rest. Apologies were also received from several people, including the Past-President, Vice-Presidents, and also from Mr. Wallis , who had sent a special telegram saying that owing to illness he could not be present. The subject of the paper that evening was one of the most important for a Society such as the Royal Aeronautical Society, which had not only very many scientists but also many practical engineers as members. The work which had been done by Mr. Gerard was on the mechanical testing of components. That formed a link between theory and practice, and as such had received great support not only from the scientific members of the industry, but alsofrom the practical people, and therefore, speaking more or less for himself a t the moment, he could say that those associated with the aircraft industry welcomed the paper. Mr. Gerard was well fitted for reading such a paper. He was trained in Yorkshire and served as chief designer to Messrs. Cleggl at Leeds, and since 1914 had been at the R.A. E. During that period he had been connected with calculations of stresses in aircraft structures and the development of improved methods of testing and had himself designed a number of original testing machines all in practical use a t the present day. Mr. Gerard became an Associate Fellow of the Society in 1931 and had also qualified on the structural side by being an Associate Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers.
Non-contact stress level monitoring using a camera

In a complicated and fragmented environment, the monitoring of individuals stress response is particularly important for better health and wellbeing. In this study, we present a low-cost and user-friendly stress level monitoring system, based on non-contact estimation of heart rate using a camera. The accuracy of heart rate estimation is more than 90% compared to the heart rates measured by a commercially available pulse oximeter. The developed heart rate estimation algorithm doesnt involve the complicated independent component analysis and demands shorter execution time than other existing approaches. We have conducted stress level monitoring experiments, in which a set of physiological signals including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and electroencephalograph (EEG) were measured. It is shown that, from the literature and our experiments, stress has significant effects on human cardiovascular activities and thus our developed system can serve as a low-cost, user-friendly tool in assessing individuals stress levels.