Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical and Immunohistological Study of the Main and Accessory Olfactory Bulbs of the Meerkat (Suricata suricatta)

Simple Summary In wild mammals, chemical senses are crucial to survival, but sensory system information is lacking for many species, including the meerkat (Suricata suricatta), an iconic mammal with a marked social hierarchy that has been ambiguously classified in both canid and felid families. We studied the neuroanatomical basis of the meerkat olfactory and accessory olfactory bulbs, aiming to provide information on the relevance of both systems to the behaviors of this species and contributing to improving its taxonomic classification. The accessory olfactory bulb serves as the integration center of vomeronasal information. When examined microscopically, the accessory olfactory bulb of the meerkat presents a lamination pattern more defined than observed in dogs and approaching the pattern described in cats. The degree of lamination and development in the meerkat main olfactory bulb is comparable to the general pattern observed in mammals but with numerous specific features. Our study supports the functionality of the olfactory and vomeronasal integrative centers in meerkats and places this species within the suborder Feliformia. Our study also confirms the importance of chemical signals in mediating the social behaviors of this species and provides essential neuroanatomical information for understanding the functioning of their chemical senses. Abstract We approached the study of the main (MOB) and accessory olfactory bulbs (AOB) of the meerkat (Suricata suricatta) aiming to fill important gaps in knowledge regarding the neuroanatomical basis of olfactory and pheromonal signal processing in this iconic species. Microdissection techniques were used to extract the olfactory bulbs. The samples were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin and Nissl stains, histochemical (Ulex europaeus agglutinin, Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin) and immunohistochemical labelling (Gαo, Gαi2, calretinin, calbindin, olfactory marker protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, SMI-32, growth-associated protein 43). Microscopically, the meerkat AOB lamination pattern is more defined than the dog’s, approaching that described in cats, with well-defined glomeruli and a wide mitral-plexiform layer, with scattered main cells and granular cells organized in clusters. The degree of lamination and development of the meerkat MOB suggests a macrosmatic mammalian species. Calcium-binding proteins allow for the discrimination of atypical glomerular subpopulations in the olfactory limbus between the MOB and AOB. Our observations support AOB functionality in the meerkat, indicating chemosensory specialization for the detection of pheromones, as identified by the characterization of the V1R vomeronasal receptor family and the apparent deterioration of the V2R receptor family.
A Layout Model for Bus-Station Based on Voronoi-Diagram

A layout model for bus-stations based on Voronoi-diagram was proposed aiming at minimiz-ing the total operating cost of public transportation system as well as the passengers′ travel cost. Firstly,the influence of bus routes and stations on the total travel cost was analyzed, the influencing factors werequantified, and the measuring function of bus passengers′ travel cost was established. Then, all the alter-native stations were grouped based on Voronoi-diagram, the layout model was set up to determine the fi-nal bus-station locations from the alternative stations. At last, some examples were given to demonstratethe validity of the model proposed. The research results show that the bus-station layout model synthesiz-ing graph theory and mathematical analysis synthetically considers all the influencing factors of layoutfor bus-stations, simplify and facilitate the selection process for bus stations.
Rationalizing freeform architecture - Surface discretization and multi-objective optimization

With the help of modern computer aided tools, complex architectural shapes are becoming increasingly popular and easy to model and design. As a consequence,questions are raised of how to realize and produce the design in a feasible and affordable way. This issue, in the building industry, is known as rationalization. Today, this process normally takes place at the end of the design process, while if it is considered at an early stage, the greatest gains can be made. In this study, rationalization in terms of different surface discretization methods has been a main focus. Historical and modern buildings combined with geometrical theory of how to divide a surface into smaller elements have been studied in order to understand what important factors exist. Site visits and interviews with practicing architects and engineers have been conducted in order to study different design approaches and rationalization of real projects. This study also explores multi-objective optimization, since most real design projects have several different aspects to consider when rationalization is performed. These are often more or less conflicting, resulting in many different solutions where trade-offs can be made in order to find a desired result. The theory studied in this thesis is applied in a design project, where a new glass and steel gridshell structure is proposed. The structure is designed parametrically in the Rhinoceros® plugin Grasshopper® and structurally analysed with the FE add-on Karamba. Different possible solutions were investigated by the use of genetic algorithm optimization in the Grasshopper® add-on Octopus. The solutions are compared to each other in order to find an optimal solution regarding load bearing capacity, cost and architectural qualities. The design project shows that the discretization methods have different advantages and drawbacks depending on the specific case. It also shows that the use of genetic algorithms and parametric design can be very effective when it comes to generating many different solutions to complex problems. However, the role of the designer is still very important when it comes to judging the result and selecting a design based on qualitative objectives. Key words: Freeform architecture, Rationalization, Multi-objective optimization,Genetic algorithms, Parametric design, Finite element method, Formfinding, Architecture and structural design.
Elucidating the impact of enhanced conversion of primary to secondary metabolism on phenylpropanoids secondary metabolites associated with flavor, aroma and health in tomato fruits

• Targeted manipulating Phenylalanine (Phe) synthesis is one of the most powerful strategies to boost the biologically and economically important secondary metabolites, including phenylpropaniods, aromatic volatiles and specialized secondary metabolites. • Over-expression of the petunia MYB transcript factor, ODORANT1 (ODO1), results in significant alterations of the levels of specific phenylpropanoid compounds in plants. • Our previous studies indicated that ectopic expression of the feedback-insensitive AroG could break the bottleneck between primary and secondary metabolisms in tomato, thereby aiding in producing new tomato composition and identifying the unknown roles of multiple key regulators in specialized metabolism. Therefore, combining the AroG and ODO1 is of particular interest for elucidating the combined regulatory role of both of these genes in the Phe metabolic pathway, as well as generating tomato fruits that contain higher levels of secondary metabolites. • Here, we performed the LC-MS and GC-MS analyses on fruits of four tomato genotypes, namely, wild type tomato fruits as well as tomato fruits expressing the AroG, ODO1 and the combination of AroG plus ODO1 (AO) genotypes. Our results elaborated that the levels of many of the Phe-derived metabolites were predominately altered in fruits of the AO genotype, compared to tomato fruits expressing either AroG or ODO1 individually. The levels of most of these metabolites were significantly stimulated, such as Tyrosine (Tyr), coumaric acid and ferulic acid derived metabolites, but the levels of some important secondary metabolites were reduced in the AO transgenic genotypes as compared to either AroG or ODO1 lines. Nevertheless, our results also revealed that the levels of aromatic volatiles were obviously down regulated in the AO, compared to that in AroG transgenic fruits, but were boosted while compared to the wild type and ODO1 transgenic fruits. • Our results suggest that ODO1 expression may also have a negative effect on the production of some of the aromatic volatiles in tomato fruits, indicating that ODO1 acts as an important regulator of the shikimate pathway, which leads to the production of the aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites derived from them. Key words: AroG, ODO1, tomato, metabolism, shikimate pathway
The Missing Measure of Loneliness: A Case for Including Neededness in Loneliness Scales

Prominent tools used to measure loneliness such as the UCLA Scale and DJGS include no items related to being needed, i.e., neededness. More recent scales such as the DLS and SELSA do include items on neededness, but only within their romantic loneliness subscales. This paper proposes that new iterations of loneliness scales should include in all subscales two items on neededness: (a) whether a person feels important to someone else and (b) whether that person has good ways to serve others’ well-being. The paper surveys cognate studies that do not rely on loneliness scales but establish a link between neededness and feelings of social connection. It then highlights ways in which neededness items would improve the ability of loneliness scales to specify the risk profile, to delineate variations in the emotional tone and quality of loneliness, and to propose suitable interventions. The paper outlines a theoretical argument—drawing on moral philosophy—that prosociality and being needed are non-contingent, morally urgent human needs, postulating that the protective benefits of neededness vary according to at least four factors: the significance, persistence, non-instrumentality, and non-fungibility of the ways in which a person is needed. Finally, the paper considers implications for the design of appropriate remedies for loneliness.
Test–Retest Reliability of Synchrony and Metastability in Resting State fMRI

In recent years, interest has been growing in dynamic characteristic of brain signals from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Synchrony and metastability, as neurodynamic indexes, are considered as one of methods for analyzing dynamic characteristics. Although much research has studied the analysis of neurodynamic indices, few have investigated its reliability. In this paper, the datasets from the Human Connectome Project have been used to explore the test–retest reliabilities of synchrony and metastability from multiple angles through intra-class correlation (ICC). The results showed that both of these indexes had fair test–retest reliability, but they are strongly affected by the field strength, the spatial resolution, and scanning interval, less affected by the temporal resolution. Denoising processing can help improve their ICC values. In addition, the reliability of neurodynamic indexes was affected by the node definition strategy, but these effects were not apparent. In particular, by comparing the test–retest reliability of different resting-state networks, we found that synchrony of different networks was basically stable, but the metastability varied considerably. Among these, DMN and LIM had a relatively higher test–retest reliability of metastability than other networks. This paper provides a methodological reference for exploring the brain dynamic neural activity by using synchrony and metastability in fMRI signals.
Triple‐band oscillator with two shunt fourth‐order LC resonators

This letter presents a triple‐band (TB) oscillator using two 4th order LC resonator to form a 6th order resonator. The TB cross‐coupled oscillator two pairs of back‐to‐back varactors for band switching and it has been implemented with CMOS devices in the TSMC 0. 18μm SiGe 3P6M BiCMOS technology. The core power consumption of the high (middle, low)‐band core oscillator are 2.25(2.33, 2.58) mA and 1.8(1.86, 2.06) mW, respectively at the dc drain‐source bias of 0.8V. The oscillator can generate differential signals in the frequency range of 8.44–8.71GHz, 6.74–6.86GHz, and 4.22–4.47 GHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:580–583, 2016
Desigualdad de la Innovación en México

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la desigualdad de la innovación en México mediante la función de producción de conocimiento empleando el método econométrico de datos de panel aplicado en dos bloques de estados de la república, uno con las mejores y otro con las dinámicas económicas más bajas, esta aplicación resulta original frente a estudios basados en el análisis factorial. La variable dependiente se tomó de los datos de las solicitudes de patente realizadas por residentes en el estado y como variables independientes cinco representativas de los componentes del avance tecnológico, el aprendizaje y el conocimiento y el entorno. Los hallazgos de la investigación muestran diferentes impactos e importancia para cada bloque, dando como resultado una coincidencia sólo en que los investigadores del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores tienen la mayor significancia estadística. La inexistencia de información anual sistematizada a nivel estatal limita la realización de estudios de mayor alcance.
Data-driven fault detection and diagnosis for centralised chilled water air conditioning system

The air conditioning system is complex and consumes the most energy in the building. Due to its complexity, it is difficult to identify faults in the system immediately. In this project, fault detection and diagnosis system using decision tree classifier model was developed to detect and diagnose faults in a chilled water air conditioning system. The developed model successfully classified normal condition and five common faults for more than 99% accuracy and precision. A graphical user interface of the system was also developed to ease the users. Streszczenie. System klimatyzacji jest złożony i zużywa najwięcej energii w budynku. Ze względu na swoją złożoność trudno jest od razu zidentyfikować usterki w systemie. W ramach tego projektu opracowano system wykrywania i diagnostyki usterek wykorzystujący model klasyfikatora drzewa decyzyjnego do wykrywania i diagnozowania usterek w systemie klimatyzacji wody lodowej. Opracowany model pomyślnie sklasyfikował stan normalny i pięć typowych usterek, zapewniając ponad 99% dokładności i precyzji. W celu ułatwienia użytkownikom opracowano również graficzny interfejs użytkownika systemu. (Wykrywanie i diagnostyka usterek w oparciu o dane dla scentralizowanego systemu klimatyzacji na wodę lodową)
Investigating Community, Reliability and Usability of CFEngine, Chef and Puppet

An investigative study on community, reliability and usability of CFEngine, Chef and Puppet is represented in this paper. This research study attempts to quantify software qualities like community, reliability and usability of these products and analyses the result to figure out if any product stands out in any of these qualities. Comprehending software characteristics like community , usability and reliability is complex operation often making it challenging to make a quantifiable measurement on them. Research is made in this paper to explore and make these qualities measurable and quantifiable through the application of different statistical and mathematical model. Product popularity trend, resources available for product, community structure as well as it’s field support is studied utilizing different sources like Google, Hackers news and users mailing list. Reliability growth in latest three version of these product is examined by application of Weibull distribution on data obtained from individual bug repository. Finally the usability test is conducted to cover both subjective and objective aspect of user experience on these product to measure each product’s usability and study the difference in usability offered by each. This research hopes to pave the way for future research into this area and help people to comprehend community ,reliability and usability of these products.
A Cluster-Based Optimal Computation Offloading Decision Mechanism Using RL in the IIoT Field

In the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), various tasks are created dynamically because of the small quantity batch production. Hence, it is difficult to execute tasks only with devices that have limited battery lives and computation capabilities. To solve this problem, we adopted the mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm. However, if there are numerous tasks to be processed on the MEC server (MECS), it may not be suitable to deal with all tasks in the server within a delay constraint owing to the limited computational capability and high network overhead. Therefore, among cooperative computing techniques, we focus on task offloading to nearby devices using device-to-device (D2D) communication. Consequently, we propose a method that determines the optimal offloading strategy in an MEC environment with D2D communication. We aim to minimize the energy consumption of the devices and task execution delay under certain delay constraints. To solve this problem, we adopt a Q-learning algorithm that is part of reinforcement learning (RL). However, if one learning agent determines whether to offload tasks from all devices, the computing complexity of that agent increases tremendously. Thus, we cluster the nearby devices that comprise the job shop, where each cluster’s head determines the optimal offloading strategy for the tasks that occur within its cluster. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the compared methods in terms of device energy consumption, task completion rate, task blocking rate, and throughput.
Optimisation of excitation tolerances for robust beamforming in linear arrays

A method for robust amplitude beamforming in linear antenna arrays is presented. The admissible tolerances on the array excitations, described as real-valued intervals, are maximised regardless their nominal values, while guaranteeing that the bounds of the radiated power patterns fit a-priori defined mask constraints. A set of representative numerical results, concerned with different mask constraints as well as comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches, is reported and discussed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Cold-start effects on performance and efficiency for vehicle fuel cell systems

In recent years government, academia and industry have been pursuing fuel cell technology as an alternative to current power generating technologies. The automotive industry has targeted fuel cell technology as a potential alternative to internal combustion engines. The goal of this research is to understand and quantify the impact and effects of low temperature operation has on the performance and efficiency of vehicle fuel cell systems through modeling. More specifically, this work addresses issues of the initial thermal transient known to the automotive community as “cold-start” effects. Cold-start effects play a significant role in power limitations in a fuel cell vehicle, and may require hybridization (batteries) to supplement available power. A fuel cell system model developed as part of this work allows users to define the basic thermal fluid relationships in a fuel cell system. The model can be used as a stand-alone version or as part of a complex fuel cell vehicle model. Fuel cells are being considered for transportation primarily because they have the ability to increase vehicle energy efficiency and significantly reduce or eliminate tailpipe emissions. A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is an electrochemical device for which the operational characteristics depend heavily upon temperature. Thus, it is important to know how the thermal design of the system affects the performance of a fuel cell, which governs the efficiency and performance of the system. This work revealed that the impact on efficiency of a cold-start yielded a 5 % increase in fuel use over a regulated drive cycle for the converted sport utility vehicle. The performance of the fuel cell vehicle also suffered due to operation at low temperatures. Operation of the fuel cell at 20 C yielded only 50% of the available power to the vehicle system.
Modified Linear Technique for the Controllability and Observability of Robotic Arms

In this study, a modified linear technique is proposed for the controllability and observability of robotic arms, the modified linear technique consists of the following steps: a transformation is used to rewrite a nonlinear time-variant model as a linear time-variant model, this linear time-variant model is evaluated at origin to obtain a linear time-invariant model, and the rank condition tests the controllability and observability of the linear time-invariant model. The modified linear technique is better than the linearization technique because the modified linear technique does not use the Jacobian approximation, while the linearization technique needs the Jacobian approximation. The modified linear technique is better than the linear technique because the modified linear technique can be applied to robotic arms with rotational and prismatic joints, while the linear technique can only be applied to robotic arms with rotational joints.
GOLT1B Activation in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Hepatocytes Links ER Trafficking and Viral Replication

Chronic hepatitis C carries a high risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), triggered by both direct and indirect effects of the virus. We examined cell-autonomous alterations in gene expression profiles associated with hepatitis C viral presence. Highly sensitive single molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization applied to frozen tissue sections of a hepatitis C patient allowed the delineation of clusters of infected hepatocytes. Laser microdissection followed by RNAseq analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive and -negative regions from the tumoral and non-tumoral tissues from the same patient revealed HCV-related deregulation of expression of genes in the tumor and in the non-tumoral tissue. However, there was little overlap between both gene sets. Our interest in alterations that increase the probability of tumorigenesis prompted the examination of genes whose expression was increased by the virus in the non-transformed cells and whose level remained high in the tumor. This strategy led to the identification of a novel HCV target gene: GOLT1B, which encodes a protein involved in ER-Golgi trafficking. We further show that GOLT1B expression is induced during the unfolded protein response, that its presence is essential for efficient viral replication, and that its expression is correlated with poor outcome in HCC.
Long Term Aging of Automotive Type Lithium-Ion Cells

Long-term cycle aging experiments were performed on commercially available automotive type lithium-ion pouch cells under realistic conditions as found in electrical vehicles. The main mechanisms responsible for cell aging were identified based on a combined approach of electrochemical and post mortem analysis methods, and were attributed to the loss of lithium through lithium metal deposition on the graphite anode and electrolyte decomposition as a side reaction. Furthermore, the aging occurred spatially localized at different rates. Anode material located close to the tabs exhibited most progressed aging, as determined from the rather pronounced local heat generation over a long time period.