Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Collusion, Shading, and Optimal Organization Design in a Three-tier Agency Model with a Continuum of Types *

We apply the First-Order Approach and Monotone Comparative Statics to the continuous-type, three-tier agency model with hidden information and collusion `a la Tirole (1986,1992), characterize the nature of equilibrium con- tract implemented under the possibility of collusion between supervisor and agent, and obtain a general comparison result on the two-tier vs. three-tier organization structures. We then introduce a behavioral idea, “shading” (Hart and Moore (2008)). By combining the two ideas, collusion and shading, we obtain a new result on the choice of Collusion-proof vs. Equilibrium Collusion regimes, and give a micro foundation to ex-post haggling costs, addressed by Transaction Cost Economics.
Cognitive Behavior Effecting Investment Decision-making Processes

The objective of this study is to analyze the emotions, beliefs, and preferences of investors affecting the financial decision-making process. With the help of in-depth interview method, this study not only explores the cognitive behavior of investor but also identifies sources of behavioral biases. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted for the description and identification of underlying thoughts and feelings that can influence financial decisions. By using open coding method of verbal data, the required analysis was conducted. It was found that a variety of emotions, beliefs, preferences and personality characteristics bias the individual investor's decisions. Interviews revealed the flaws as well as the psychological design of investors while making financial decisions.
Enhancement of Antioxidant Properties of Lavender ( Lavandula officinalis L.), Sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) and Basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) by Application of Natural Biostimulants

Summary The aim of this study was to examine the effects of seaweed extract (Algaren), nettle extract and microbial biostimulant (Slavol) on total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of leaves of lavender ( Lavandula officinalis L.), sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) and basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.). The study was carried out in a greenhouse located in Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The experimental trial was set up in a randomized block design with four biostimulant treatments in three replications. The first application of biostimulant was carried out immediately after the transplanting of seedlings, and the second and third treatments 15 and 30 days later, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and ferric-reducing/ antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of each leaf extract. The nettle extract was found to be the most effective in increasing total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in leaves of studied plants. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts was in line with total phenolics/flavonoids, regardless of plant species and biostimulant treatments, suggesting that phenolic compounds greatly contribute to antioxidant capacity of studied plants.
PROBABILISTIC TEMPORAL-LABEL AGGREGATION FOR UNINTENTIONAL ACTION LOCALIZATION

Humans can easily understand whether a person’s action is intentional or not. However, it is very challenging to teach a machine to recognize this due to the lack of referable comparisons and reliable annotations. Given a video with unintentional action, the annotations are usually unreliable due to the intrinsic ambiguity from multiple annotators and the subjective appraisals. To address this problem, we propose a new framework which online aggregates multiple probabilistic labels for unintentional action localization. Speciﬁcally, we ﬁrst model the uncertainty of annotations with a temporal probability distribution, and then develop a label attention model to aggregate the reliable annotations in an online manner. We evaluate our method on the public OOPS dataset where each video contains multiple annotations of unintentional action and our experimental results show that mining reliable supervision information from multiple unreliable annotations achieves signiﬁcant improvements over the baseline methods.
Relationship between the Real Estate Sector and the Stock Market in Chinese Provinces

In China, real estate and the stock market are the two main markets favored by both individual and institutional investors. There is a significant economic link between the two. Therefore, their relationship and long-term and short-term causality can provide good guidance for investors. This paper studies the causality and correlation relationship between the stock market and real estate sector’s trading volumes in 31 provinces of China. Its empirical results are based on panel data from 2000 to 2016. Various panel unit root, co-integration, and model specification and estimation tests are carried out. The panel mean group is found to be the most suitable method for the analysis. The study finds that the main industries in different provinces may affect the short-term causal relationship between the real estate sector and the stock market. But in the long-run, the causal relationship between the two is 2-way and stable. correlation and causality the real estate sector stock market the long-term the short-term. there generalized The relationship and the real estate sector using and estimation The pooled mean was for analyzing the The results show that the 31 was a long-term cause-and-effect relationship between the property market and the two domestic stock markets that had a significant effect on each other.
DETERMINANTS OF DIVIDEND POLICY WITH SEM APPROACH: STUDY ON NON-FINANCIAL SECTOR OF BANGLADESH

A firm considers various factors when approaching a dividend policy decision to analyze the determinants of dividend policy in the context of Bangladesh; it is taken data of various financial indicators of sample companies. The structural equation modeling is used for inferring the result. The result shows that the SG is negatively related to DPR and LIQ, RISK, OWNSP, ROA, lagged DPR are positively related to DPR. The decision maker, investors and other stakeholders should follow these findings.
Vaccination in Old Primates Constriction Predict Poor Response to Loss of Naive T Cells and Repertoire

Aging is usually accompanied by diminished immune protection upon infection or vaccination. Although aging results in well-characterizedchangesintheTcellcompartmentoflong-lived,outbred,andpathogen-exposedorganisms,theirrelevanceforprimary Agresponsesremainunclear.Therefore,itremainsunclearwhetherandtowhatextentthelossofnaiveTcells,theirpartialreplacement by oligoclonal memory populations, and the consequent constriction of TCR repertoire limit the Ag responses in aging primates. We showinthisstudythatagingrhesusmonkeys( Macacamulatta )exhibitpoorCD8TcellandBcellresponsesinthebloodandpoorCD8 responsesin thelungs uponvaccination with themodiﬁed vacciniastrain Ankara. The function ofAPCs appearedtobe maintained in aging monkeys, suggesting that the poor response was likely intrinsic to lymphocytes. We found that the loss of naive CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the appearance of persisting T cell clonal expansions predicted poor CD8 responses in individual monkeys. There was strong correlation between early CD8 responses in the transitory CD28 + CD62L 2 CD8 + T cell compartment and the peak Ab titers upon boost in individual animals, as well as a correlation of both parameters of immune response to the frequency of naive CD8 + T cells in old but not in adult monkeys. Therefore, our results argue that T cell repertoire constriction and naive cell loss have
Human-Centred Vehicle Security

Connected vehicles – cars connected to the internet – are rapidly becoming the norm in the mar-ketplace. Yet, little work has explored user-centred security implications of such devices. Much like other internet-enabled devices, connected vehicles suffer from new security threats while also being vulnerable to persistent existing security threats. However, unlike other widely-adopted Internet of Things gadgets, connected cars could have serious physical ramifications if compromised, including physical injury or even death. This paper explores some likely threats, with the view of promoting more work around human-centred vehicle security.
Scalable Self-Adaptation Control system for simulated transport robots

This master project aimed to explore, research, develop and evaluate the design and creation of control software for simulated autonomous transport robots. A proof of concept were to be created using the Reactive Blocks tool and the OSGi framework. Through literature study and development, a highly modularized system design was created, fit to tackle the problem domain. It allowed for the development of a modifiable control system able to move a simulated robot from a position to another using simulated robot components. The prototype renders a simulated robot on the screen, where it can be observed moving to a destination specified by the user of the system. The two technologies, Reactive Blocks and OSGi, were merged successfully to handle the complexity of a real-time robotics system consisting of several concurrent, independent sub-systems.
Global view of animal feed in halal perspective

Purpose : Islamic concept of food consumption for human beings is derived from the term Tayyib which depicts both food safety and quality. Unlike the humans, though animals are not bound to any code of practice, yet with reference to the food animals their diet seeks the attention of Islamic jurisprudence. Animal feed is the preliminary Halal control point in Halal food supply chain when the matter comes to the animal derived ingredients. This paper aims to put forth a global view of animal feed in Halal perspective by showcasing firstly the global scenario of feed industry, feed compositions, hazards and regional regulations, secondly by highlighting the Halal and Tayyib integrity concerns over different feed compositions and addressing them through the global Halal standards and Islamic rulings issued by various Halal industry players. Design/methodology/approach : This research presents an interdisciplinary work of Islamic jurisprudence and feed science, which intertwines research on global feed compositions and the fundamental requirements of Halal and Haram jurisprudence. Findings: Animals are not the addressees of Quran and Sunnah; hence they are not bound to follow any code of religion. They are free to live and consume the way they like; in addition, Islam holds mankind responsible for their welfare and rights. Animal feed becomes an important subject for Islamic Jurisprudence only when the matter comes to the food animals. With reference to the food animals, animal feed is the preliminary control point of food supply chain, hence, it must be from halal source and must not cause harm to the human health. Originality/value: To our best knowledge, this paper is the first that attempts to elaborate on the global feed scenario including compositions and regulations in halal perspective. Journal of Animal Science and Nutrition Research Emerging Infectious Clinical the Journal of & Human Journal of Animal Aqua feed Aquaculture Animal Feed Science and Molecular Nutrition & Food Veterinary British Medical Cerebellum, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, and Preventive
Urban Encounters Reloaded: towards a descriptive account of augmented space

In this chapter, augmented space is described as the layering of media technologies onto the physical space of the city. The approach assesses salient aspects of the experience of space in everyday life, the city and urban space more generally. The chapter discusses these in relation to the deployment of augmenting technologies and modes of display associated with augmented reality, new and digital media: visual or otherwise. Selected work, carried out in relation to culture, leisure and tourism is assessed. These case studies indicate the potential of augmented reality in areas of a) urban design, b) tourism and heritage, and c) the promotion of cycling for health and the creation of alternative transport infrastructure. The main characteristics of AR and augmented space are presented. This is followed by a discussion and development of hybrid research tools and applied in two case studies with a view to providing a potential roadmap for future work in this area.
C OMPILATION AND O PTIMIZATION T ECHNIQUES FOR M ACHINE L EARNING W ORKLOADS

Similar to how performance improvement of general-purpose computing has enabled diverse applications, achieving faster execution of machine learning algorithms can foster more pervasive use of machine learning in various application domains. While there exist some hand-optimized libraries to enhance efficiency in a narrow range of hardware, there is an increasing need to bring machine learning to various devices ranging from cloud to edge. As such, conventional compilation stacks require revision to enable higher levels of performance and efficiency among a wide range of devices. Recently, multiple new software libraries and compilers have been introduced to meet the above needs. On the other hand, there are some algorithmic characteristics that we can leverage to optimize the machine learning workloads for more efficiency. For example, by exploiting the intrinsic error tolerance of machine learning models to near-threshold, through quantization and pruning, we can improve the efficiency of the machine learning algorithms. To this end, this report surveys these two directions: compilation and optimization approaches for machine learning workloads.
The Influence of Color Shading Net on the Growing of Lettuce

Nowadays, shading net is widely use in Thailand, especially for vegetable production. Many colors of shading net can be found in the market. In this experiment, we set up three net houses for lettuce by using three colors of 50% transparent shading net, black, red and green. Ten of 15 days after planting (DAP) lettuces were moved to each color net house and control (direct sun). Total 40 lettuces were used for 10 days experiment. The result showed that the leave length and width of lettuce under red shading net respectively were significantly bigger than those under green shading net and control treatment without significant difference with the black shading net. The lettuce under red shading net had a highest stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight comparing with others color shading net. The spectra of the solar radiations that transmitted through the red shading net were suitable for the photosynthesis of the lettuce leaves that could promote lettuce growth and yield.
Correlation between ultrasound and histologic findings of fatty liver changes among non-alcoholic obese Patients

Background : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of liver disease in western countries. We aim to evaluate sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of ultrasound in diagnosing NAFLD’s patterns among morbidly obese patients. Methods :45 morbidly obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy were prospectively studied. They underwent true cut liver biopsy during the surgery. Classification of histological patterns was based on the NIH-sponsored NASH Clinical Research Network NAFLD Activity Score (NAS). Prior to surgery, patients had an assessment for fatty liver changes by ultrasound (4 grades). The findings from histology (being the gold standard test) and ultrasound (being the test in question) were compared. Results : 71% were females (32/45). Mean age was 35 (range: 17-58), mean BMI was 43 (range: 35-52). The prevalence of NAFLD histologically was 91.8%. 19/45 patients (39%) had non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) on histology. Ultrasound’s sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in diagnosing NAFLD were 85%, 50% and 95%; respectively. While its sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value in diagnosing NASH were 100%, 28% and 43%; respectively. There was significant correlation between ultrasound grades and each of steatosis histologic grades (P<0.001), NAS (score) (P<0.001) and the presence of NASH (P<0.001). Conclusion : US has demonstrated a good sensitivity for NAFLD and very high sensitivity for NASH in morbidly obese patients, making it a good screening test for hepatic steatosis in obese individuals. Because of its high negative predictive value, US can be completely relied on to rule out NASH, maybe with no need for further confirmatory investigations.
Factors Explaining Adolescent Girls’ Eating Habits in Urban Benin: A Qualitative Study

Adolescence is a period between childhood and adulthood with eating habits often against the nutritional needs of adolescents. The present study used a socio-ecological approach to investigate personal and environmental factors influencing the eating habits of 15- to 19-years old Beninese urban schoolgirls. Eleven focus groups (n = 77) and seven individual interviews were conducted with adolescent girls attending school in Cotonou, Benin. Focus groups were as homogeneous as possible regarding age group and school character. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive-deductive thematic method using the socio-ecological model. Taste preference for sweet foods, insufficient dietary knowledge and low personal income were factors explaining unhealthy food choices, while higher self-efficacy and healthy outcome expectations mainly characterized their healthy eating habits at the intrapersonal level. Family influence was beneficial for healthy eating while friends’ pressure led to an unhealthy diet at the interpersonal level. At the organizational level, adolescents reported unhealthy school food environments and urban areas increased their unhealthy eating habits. It appears that one factor alone is not enough to influence adolescent girls’ eating habits. Therefore, this study presents the need of elaborating interventions in a school context to improve eating habits in adolescents focusing on different factors in Beninese adolescent schoolgirls.
Rapid Prototyping for Bio–Inspired Robots

In this chapter, we explain how embodied AI and enactive cognitive science have enriched robotics with principles, generally specified in so-called bio-inspired robotics. These principles apply on each component of a robotic system (sensors, actuators and controllers) and also on more abstract properties like autonomy, emergence and ecological design. This view has been exemplified with a variety of recently developed systems, particularly considering sensory processing and controller design. Even if these examples report interesting results and propose future avenues of research, the domain of bio-inspired robotics is far from an established and stable domain and many questions remain open to endow it with well-mastered technologies. Particularly, it is clear that the most satisfactory and faithful bio-inspired robots are inspired from primitive animals (e.g: insects) and a long road remains to be done toward a full spectrum of human capabilities. This is clearly linked to the corresponding lack of knowledge in cognitive science where ambitious research program should be launched, particularly concerning what is called Artificial General Intelligence. Having mentioned the need for more accurate information from the biological and cognitive sides, we finally evoke another relevant topic of debate here. For the moment, we have mainly discussed about principles and techniques to design efficient artificial systems, but it is also more and more acknowledged that bio-inspired robotics is also a very good methodology to better understand cognition and its biological foundations. This is undoubtedly another excellent reason to promote research in this domain!
DISCUSSION Making Activation for Young Welfare Recipients Mandatory

Activation policies to promote self-sufficiency among recipients of welfare and other types of benefits are becoming more common in many welfare states. We evaluate a law change in Norway making welfare receipt conditional on participation in an activation program for all welfare recipients below the age of 30. Analyzing the program’s staggered implementation across municipalities with several modern event study estimators, we estimate that the law change had quite precise 0-effects on benefit receipt, work and education. We also do not find any effects on the probability of being out of work or of being in employment, education or labor market programs. Qualitative evidence suggests that the zero effect may be due to the law change only impacting the participation of recipients with low expected gain from activation.
The General Election Commission’s Strategy in Increasing Election Participation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study aims to determine the strategy of the Indonesian General Election Commission in conducting socialization to increase election participation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia using the @KPU_ID Twitter account. This research uses descriptive qualitative research. This analysis uses a literature study. The analysis in this research is done through the Twitter account of the Indonesian General Election Commission, namely @KPU_ID using NCapture from NVivo 12 Plus with Chrome web browser. The data is processed using the cross tab feature to automatically calculate the required main statistical tests with meaningful comparisons and analysis of indirect variables. The Crosstab Query feature is to enter code (manual, generated, etc.), text data, and numeric data into variables and pattern data. Furthermore, using the Word Cloud feature, words that often appear in data searches or display terms are discussed. This research reveals the Republic of Indonesia's General Election Commission's tweets related to outreach strategies to increase election participation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia on their Twitter accounts. The findings of this study include the dissemination of information about outreach strategies to increase election participation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Clinical Significance of Albumin: Structure, Function and Role in Different Pathophysiological States

Albumin is abundant protein in the human plasma. It is monomeric, multi-domain protein that causes oncotic pressure and involve in fluid distribution between the body compartments. It belongs to transport protein family and consist of single chain of 585 amino acids with molecular weight 66.5kDa. In healthy adults’ its normal range is 3.5-5.5 g/dl mainly synthesize in hepatocytes. Its binding property impart significant role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs and important molecules. Alteration in blood composition reflect disease status mainly protein and nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) have used as a biomarker. Protein biomarker has significant importance due to small pool of protein, capitalize for diagnosis of disease by measuring these changing concentration. Albumin as a protein has the capacity to act as markers for the detection and monitoring of disease, its progression, prognosis, or assess the clinical status of patients. Hypoalbuminemia is observed in hypovolemic shock, burns, surgical loss of blood, trauma, hemorrhage, cardiopulmonary bypass, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hemodialysis, gastric tract disorder, acute and chronic liver diseases, chronic kidney disease and end stage renal failure. But hyeralbuminemia is only observed in dehydration. Hypoalbuminemia increases complications and long-term mortality in many diseases.