Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Approche micromécanique de la rupture et de la fissuration dans les géomatériaux

This study deals with physical nonlinearities of geomaterials through a micromechanical approach. The frictional character of these materials needs to adapt the nonlinear homogenization techniques. Various methods for the determination of macroscopic strength criteria are elaborated. The limit states of a medium made up with a frictional matrix are found out depending on the nature of the flow rule (involving dilatancy or not). A micromechanical theory of poroplasticity is then built. It casts a new light on the existence of a poroplastic effective stress. It is proved that, in the case of a frictional matrix, no effective stress can be found. The nonlinearities due to the presence of frictional cracks are finally tackled. The impact of the flow rule governing the (possibly dilating) crack displacement jump and that of the damage propagation on the macroscopic behavior are highlighted.
Feasibility and safety of shortened hypofractionated high dose palliative lung radiotherapy - A retrospective planning study

Objective: Assess the safety and feasibility of shortened hypo-fractionated high dose palliative lung radiotherapy. Methods: Fifteen palliative lung radiotherapy patients previously treated with the standard 36 Gy in 12 fractions (12F) schedule were non-randomly selected to achieve a representative distribution of tumour sizes, volumes, locations and staging. Plans were produced using 30 Gy in 5 fractions (5F) and 30 Gy in 6 fractions (6F) using a 6MV FFF co-planar VMAT technique. These plans were optimised to meet dose constraints for both PTVs and OARs where established OAR constraints were expressed as BED. The potential safety of the delivery of these plans was assessed using these BEDs and also with reductions of 10% and 20% to account for effects of chemotherapy or surgery. Results: For all 5F and 6F plans the mandatory constraints using the full BED were met, as with all 6F plans with 10% BED reductions, but reduced to 6 patients using 5F. Three of 15 5F and 6 of 15 6F plans met the 20% BED reductions. Conclusion: It is potentially safe and feasible to deliver high dose palliative radiotherapy using the 5F or 6F regimes described, when carefully planned to comparable OAR BEDs as for 12F standard. It appears that the toxicity from either of these regimes should be within acceptable limits provided that the dose constraints described can be adhered to. A Phase II study would be required to fully assess the safety and feasibility. The outcomes from such a study could potentially reduce the number of patient hospital visits for radiotherapy, thus benefiting the patient and the clinical service by optimising resource utilisation. Advances in Knowledge: Shortened hypo-fractionated high dose palliative lung radiotherapy is technically feasible provided OAR constraints are respected.
The Application of CPFR Model in Information System

As a new supply chain strategic technology, CPFR stresses the importance of cooperation theory and the partnership in supply chain strategies. But in reality, the application process is not as satisfactory as forecasted in theory. The problems include the complexity of the nine step decrease the efficiency of the system, the demand is not taken important enough here and there are still no very clear solution for the sales and order forecast steps. And the data mining function added to the system in this paper is still a structural design and the detailed designs need to be worked out before this function can be used in reality.
The Open-Plan Office

A total of 649 employees at all job levels working in open-plan offices on each of the five floors of an office building completed an extensive questionnaire on their work and the office environment. The results showed that a variety of ambient environmental problems were present in these offices. Also, a clear relationship between job characteristics and attitudes toward the office was demonstrated. Employees who enjoyed performing managerial and technical tasks reacted more unfavorably to office conditions than did clerical staff, who generally viewed their work as undemanding. Loss of privacy and increased disturbances were consistently at the source of these negative reactions, and the interrelationship of these problems also emerged from factor analysis of the data. Although the office did create a favorable social climate, this did not offset employees' negative reactions to work conditions but rather appeared to exacerbate the problems. Consequently, no evidence was found to support the claim for improved productivity in open-plan. Finally, various areas for future research are briefly discussed.
Dynamics of Antibacterial Drone Establishment in Staphylococcus aureus: Unexpected Effects of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

For a particulate therapeutic agent, such as the ABD, accurate enumeration of particles is critical to enable evaluation of preparative procedures and calculation of therapeutic dosages. It is equally important that a selective marker used for these two purposes be biologically inert. ABSTRACT The antibacterial drone (ABD) system is based on repurposing the phage-inducible staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) for use as antibacterial agents that are indifferent to antibiotic resistance. The ABDs were constructed by inserting tetM for tetracycline resistance (Tcr) selection, replacing the SaPI virulence genes with bactericidal or bacteriostatic genes such as CRISPR/cas9/agrA, whose expression kills by double-strand cleavage of agrA, or CRISPR/dcas9/agrP2P3, whose expression blocks the target organism’s virulence. ABD DNA is packaged in phage-like particles that attack their staphylococcal targets in vivo as well as in vitro. We determine ABD titers by transfer frequency, enumerate surviving cells as a function of multiplicity, and analyze the fate of ABD DNA with green fluorescent protein. An initial study revealed surprisingly that many more cells were killed by the ABD than were measured by transduction. Our study of this phenomenon has revealed several important features of the ABD system: (i) a significant number of entering ABD DNA molecules do not go on to establish stable transductants (i.e., are abortive); (ii) ABD cargo genes are expressed immediately following entry, even by the abortive ABDs; (iii) immediate plating on Tc-containing agar seriously underestimates particle numbers, partly owing to Tc inhibition of protein synthesis; (iv) replacement of tetM with cadA (conferring resistance to CdCl2) provides more accurate particle enumeration; (v) ABDs expressing CRISPR/cas9/agrA kill ∼99.99% of infected cells and provide the most accurate measurement of particle numbers as well as proof of principle for the system; and (vi) surprisingly, TetM interferes with stable establishment of ABD DNA independently of Tcr. IMPORTANCE For a particulate therapeutic agent, such as the ABD, accurate enumeration of particles is critical to enable evaluation of preparative procedures and calculation of therapeutic dosages. It is equally important that a selective marker used for these two purposes be biologically inert. We have long used tetM for these purposes but show here that tetM not only underestimates particle titers, by over 20-fold in some experiments, but also seriously impedes stable establishment of the therapeutic particle DNA. Given that tetM is a very convenient and widely used selective marker, publication of these findings is of considerable importance to the microbiological community as well as an interesting illustration of the unpredictable biological effects of genes taken out of their native context.
mDia1 Assembles a Linear F-Actin Coat at Membrane Invaginations To Drive Listeria monocytogenes Cell-to-Cell Spreading

Listeria monocytogenes spreads from one cell to another to colonize tissues. This cell-to-cell movement requires the propulsive force of an actin-rich comet tail behind the advancing bacterium, which ultimately distends the host plasma membrane into a slender bacterium-containing membrane protrusion. ABSTRACT Direct cell-to-cell spreading of Listeria monocytogenes requires the bacteria to induce actin-based finger-like membrane protrusions in donor host cells that are endocytosed through caveolin-rich membrane invaginations by adjacent receiving cells. An actin shell surrounds these endocytic sites; however, its structure, composition, and functional significance remain elusive. Here, we show that the formin mDia1, but surprisingly not the Arp2/3 complex, is enriched at the membrane invaginations generated by L. monocytogenes during HeLa and Jeg-3 cell infections. Electron microscopy reveals a band of linear actin filaments that run along the longitudinal axis of the invagination membrane. Mechanistically, mDia1 expression is vital for the assembly of this F-actin shell. mDia1 is also required for the recruitment of Filamin A, a caveola-associated F-actin cross-linking protein, and caveolin-1 to the invaginations. Importantly, mixed-cell infection assays show that optimal caveolin-based L. monocytogenes cell-to-cell spreading correlates with the formation of the linear actin filament-containing shell by mDia1. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes spreads from one cell to another to colonize tissues. This cell-to-cell movement requires the propulsive force of an actin-rich comet tail behind the advancing bacterium, which ultimately distends the host plasma membrane into a slender bacterium-containing membrane protrusion. These membrane protrusions induce a corresponding invagination in the membrane of the adjacent host cell. The host cell that receives the protrusion utilizes caveolin-based endocytosis to internalize the structures, and filamentous actin lines these membrane invaginations. Here, we set out to determine the structure and function of this filamentous actin “shell. ” We demonstrate that the formin mDia1, but not the Arp2/3 complex, localizes to the invaginations. Morphologically, we show that this actin is organized into linear arrays and not branched dendritic networks. Mechanistically, we show that the actin shell is assembled by mDia1 and that mDia1 is required for efficient cell-to-cell transfer of L. monocytogenes.
Dopaminergic Therapy for Motor Symptoms in Early Parkinson Disease Practice Guideline Summary

Background and Objectives To review the current evidence on the options available for initiating dopaminergic treatment of motor symptoms in early-stage Parkinson disease and provide recommendations to clinicians. Methods A multidisciplinary panel developed practice recommendations, integrating findings from a systematic review and following an Institute of Medicine–compliant process to ensure transparency and patient engagement. Recommendations were supported by structured rationales, integrating evidence from the systematic review, related evidence, principles of care, and inferences from evidence. Results Initial treatment with levodopa provides superior motor benefit compared to treatment with dopamine agonists, whereas levodopa is more likely than dopamine agonists to cause dyskinesia. The comparison of different formulations of dopamine agonists yielded little evidence that any one formulation or method of administration is superior. Long-acting forms of levodopa and levodopa with entacapone do not appear to differ in efficacy from immediate-release levodopa for motor symptoms in early disease. There is a higher risk of impulse control disorders associated with the use of dopamine agonists than levodopa. Recommendations on initial therapy for motor symptoms are provided to assist the clinician and patient in choosing between treatment options and to guide counseling, prescribing, and monitoring of efficacy and safety.
Level Up: Strategies to Increase Student Engagement Using Gamification in Physical Education

Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide strategies for coaches to improve their ability to implement goal setting practices with groups or teams. First, an overview of effective goal setting practices is provided. Next, a three-step goal setting system is introduced to assist when setting goals with teams. Concrete examples from a variety of different team sports are included to aid coaches in better understanding what these practices and processes look like in a team setting when implemented properly.
Development and Validation of a 2D/3D Finite Element Model of a Composite Hemipelvis

The use of mechanical analogue composite bone models for a range of biomechanical analyses and testing procedures has grown rapidly since their introduction by Sawbones (Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc., Vashon, WA). The advantages of these composite bones over cadaveric human bones include less variability among specimens, ready availability, lower costs and ease of handling. The fourth generation of Sawbones is now commercially available, which include human femurs, tibiae, humeri and hemipelves. A number of these composite bone models have been mechanically evaluated, i.e. the femur and tibia models, but others such as the hemipelvis have been neglected. However, the composite hemipelvis has been used in several biomechanical research studies; therefore, mechanical validation of the hemipelvis is required. For this study, a robust finite element (FE) model was constructed to investigate the mechanical behavior of a composite left hemipelvis bone model. A computer tomography (CT) scan of the analogue was obtained to produce a computer aided volumetric model. This model was imported and discretized in ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, RI). In order to reduce computational costs, two-dimensional (2D) shell elements were used to mesh the thin cortical bone layer, while the cancellous bone region was meshed with solid, three-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral elements. A series of FE tests were performed on various shell-solid element domains, to ensure the use of 2D shell elements to model the cortical layer. Once the shell-solid approach was confirmed, a FE model of the hemipelvis was constructed and validated against strain gauge data from quasi-static loading experiments. Three rosette strain gauges (Vishay Micro-Measurements, Raleigh, NC) were mounted on regions of interest along the pubic body, inferior ramus and ischium of the composite hemipelvis. The hemipelvis was fully restrained in a custom-built fixture while quasi-statically loaded using an MTS Mini Bionix II to control the application of 600 N (MTS Systems Corp, Eden Prairie, MN). Maximum and minimum principal strains were calculated from the strain gauge readings and compared to FE predictions of strain at the mounting location of the strain gauges.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
The Role of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a complex pathology with increasing incidence, associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is an important diagnostic tool for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD), with a high prognostic value. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of stress-rest MPI in the assessment of patients with DM and suspected or confirmed CAD. Method. We performed a retrospective analysis of 128 patients who underwent stress-rest MPI in our department, all of them with coronary angiography (CA) available. All patients underwent stress rest myocardial perfusion SPECT using a 1-day or 2-day protocol. The radiopharmaceuticals used were 99m-Tc-MIBI or tetrofosmin. The study was performed with a gated protocol SPECT, synchronous with the ECG, using a dual-head gamma camera. Patients were divided in 4 subgroups based on the presence of DM and of significant CA changes. Results. In the group of patients with significant coronary disease on CA and previously diagnosed DM, number of perfusion defects on the stress-rest MPI were higher and also the presence of systolic disfunction and the severity of defects. Our results support the idea that the severity and extent of myocardial perfusion defects are greater in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients. Conclusions. We can consider myocardial perfusion SPECT with 99mTc-labeled agents as a feasible method for the diagnosis and evaluation of CAD and for the management of diabetic patients.
Neural network approaches for multi-spectral missile discrimination

Missile Warning Systems (MWS) have the task to identify missile threats to support timely counter measures. Key difficulty is that anything which can be detected must be considered a potential alarm at the output of the classifier. Hence, MWS must be optimized at a certain threshold on the receiver operating characteristic to trade probability of declaration against false alarm rate. To identify actual threats, two neural-network based discrimination algorithms are presented. In the first approach, measured object features from each spectral band over time are used to derive temporal features that model the temporal object behavior. These temporal features are fed into a static neural network. In the second approach, the measured object features are fed directly into a dynamic neural network which has a context layer. We present performance results of the two approaches based on simulated missile data overlaid with recorded background data.
Incorporating Circumstances into Narrative Event Prediction

Aiming at discovering the event evolution, the narrative event prediction is essential to modeling sophisticated real-world events. Existing studies focus on mining the inter-events relationships while ignoring how the events happened, which we called circumstances. However, we observe that the circumstances indicate the event evolution implicitly, and are significant for the narrative event prediction. To incorporate circumstances into the narrative event prediction, we propose the CircEvent, which adopts the multi-head attention to retrieve circumstances at the local and global levels. We also introduce a regularization of attention weights to leverage the alignment between events and local circumstances. The experimental results demonstrate that CircEvent outperforms existing baselines by 12.2%. Further analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of our multi-head attention modules and regularization. Our source code is available at https://github.com/ Shichao-Wang/CircEvent.
FANATIC: FAst Noise-Aware TopIc Clustering

Extracting salient topics from a collection of documents can be a challenging task when a) the amount of data is large, b) the number of topics is not known a priori , and/or c) “topic noise” is present. We deﬁne “topic noise" as the collection of documents that are irrelevant to any coherent topic and should be ﬁltered out. By design, most clustering algorithms (e.g., k-means , hierarchical clustering) assign all input documents to one of the available clusters, guaranteeing any topic noise to propagate into the result. To address these challenges, we present a novel algorithm, FANATIC , that efﬁciently distinguishes genuine topic documents from those that are topic noise. We also introduce a new Reddit dataset to showcase FANATIC as it contains short, noisy data that is difﬁcult to cluster using most clustering algorithms. We ﬁnd that FANATIC clusters 500k Reddit titles (of which 20% are topic noise) in 2 minutes and achieves an AMI score of 0.59, in contrast with hdbscan (McInnes et al., 2017), a popular algorithm suited for this type of task, which requires over 7 hours and achieves an AMI of 0.03. Finally, we test FANATIC against a Twitter dataset and ﬁnd again that it outperforms the other algorithms with an AMI score of 0.60. We make our code 1 and data publicly available.
Automatic Bilingual Markup Transfer

We describe the task of bilingual markup transfer, which involves placing markup tags from a source sentence into a ﬁxed target translation. This task arises in practice when a human translator generates the target translation without markup, and then the system infers the placement of markup tags. This task contrasts from previous work in which markup transfer is performed jointly with machine translation. We propose two novel metrics and evaluate several approaches based on unsupervised word alignments as well as a supervised neural sequence-to-sequence model. Our best approach achieves an average accuracy of 94.7% across six language pairs, indicating its potential usefulness for real-world localization tasks.
Configurational Path to Chinese Reading Stickiness of Digital Library

Attracting and retaining readers in an increasingly competitive environment is an urgent problem for digital libraries of original literature. However, few empirical studies address online reading stickiness, particularly the factors affecting the promotion of online reading stickiness, in what combinations or paths these effects exist, and whether there are complementary, alternative, and inhibitory relationships among the factors. To solve the practical problems and fill the theoretical gap, we use a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to study the interaction effects of the flow experience (feeling of immersion and perceived pleasure), technology acceptance model (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use), and customer participation (information sharing and interpersonal interaction) to identify the critical configurations leading to a high level of stickiness in online reading and to verify the complementarity, substitution, and inhibition relationships among these variables. The findings provide implications for further research on complexity theory in digital libraries of original literature, and for managers to view and redesign online reading stickiness as configurations of IT and psychological capabilities. This study enriches and develops the existing theories and expands the application of the qualitative comparative analysis method in the field of digital libraries.
KLMo: Knowledge Graph Enhanced Pretrained Language Model with Fine-Grained Relationships

Interactions between entities in knowledge graph (KG) provide rich knowledge for language representation learning. However, existing knowledge-enhanced pretrained language models (PLMs) only focus on entity information and ignore the ﬁne-grained relationships between entities. In this work, we propose to incorporate KG (including both entities and relations) into the language learning process to obtain KG-enhanced pretrained Language Model, namely KLMo. Speciﬁcally, a novel knowledge aggregator is designed to explicitly model the interaction between entity spans in text and all entities and relations in a contextual KG. An relation prediction objective is utilized to incorporate relation information by distant supervision. An entity linking objec-tive is further utilized to link entity spans in text to entities in KG. In this way, the structured knowledge can be effectively integrated into language representations. Experimental results demonstrate that KLMo achieves great improvements on several knowledge-driven tasks, such as entity typing and relation clas-siﬁcation, comparing with the state-of-the-art knowledge-enhanced PLMs.