Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FREQUENCY OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENT PEOPLE

: Objectives of the study: The basic objective of the study is to analyze the biochemical profile and frequency of vitamin D deficient people. Methodology of the study: This cross sectional study was conducted in Nishtar Hospital Multan during February 2018 to November 2018. The data was collected from 100 vitamin D deficient people who visited the OPD of the hospital regularly. One blood sample of 5ml was obtained from each patient. Blood tests were performed in the hospital laboratory. Serum 25- Hydroxycholecalciferol levels were determined by using a chemiluminesence assay. Serum Calcium, Phosphorus and alkaline phosphate were measured using an end point assay in a multi-channel analyzer. Intact PTH was measured using a 2-site chemiluminesence immunoassay. Samples were analyzed in multiple assays. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients of both genders. We compared the demographic variables of our sample in terms of age and gender. Although, there was no statistical difference between gender predisposition and Vitamin D deficiency, P-value was statistically significant for different age groups (p-value = 0.00). Among the biochemical markers which included Serum Calcium, Serum Phosphate, Serum Alkaline Phosphate and Serum Parathyroid Hormone, only Serum Phosphate showed statistically significant relationship (p-value = 0.000) with Vitamin D levels. Conclusion: It is concluded that Vitamin D deficiency is very common in Pakistan there is no any protocol for proper supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan is becoming endemic and it is much predominant
A new diode-clamp cascade multilevel converter

Cascade and diode-clamp voltage source converter have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their practicability. This paper will present a new diode-clamp cascade multilevel converter that is derived from these two topologies. The new concept of the novel diode-clamp cascade converter is based on the connection of multiple three-level diode-clamp converter modules. The multilevel waveform is synthesized by adding of each converter output voltage. Subharmonic PWM method is employed in the new topology. The proposed converter is also verified by computer simulation using Saber. Simulation results are also presented in this paper. Conclusion is made in the final part.
CEOR_A_274951 693..709

review, and 37 studies on NMIBC were included for data extraction (Figure 1B). A paucity of economic evidence specific to NMIBC was identified from the initial SLR searches. As such, additional targeted searches expanding the search criteria to include patients with bladder cancer were conducted to identify additional economic evidence. A further five studies were identified through additional targeted searches, resulting in a total of 42 economic studies selected for data extraction. Studies reported on a range of different findings. Of the 37 studies identified from SLR searches, fifteen were cost studies, of which one evaluated total healthcare costs of bladder cancer in the US; one was a US Markov model of healthcare costs by disease risk; four were US database studies evaluating varying provider-level treatment intensity among Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years; three assessed diagnosis and monitoring costs; three assessed different imaging technologies; and two evaluated intravesical chemotherapy post-TURBT. In addition, three budget impact models (BIMs) and eighteen CEAs were identified from SLR searches, of which twelve evaluated TURBT, mainly comparing diagnostic imaging during the procedure as well as comparing TURBT to other procedures or procedure setting. Two studies assessed intravesical therapy; four assessed surveillance. Four studies evaluated BCG and/or the impact of its shortage, with one being a CEA that presented AE costs associated with BCG in high-risk patients. Of the five studies identified from additional targeted searches, two were cost studies on the economic burden of bladder cancer in Europe and Italy, respectively; one was a clinical model of the lifetime cost of bladder cancer; one was a CEA of BCG versus immediate radical cystectomy; and one was a retrospective study evaluating the impact of BCG shortage. We herein focus on presenting findings from studies reporting healthcare costs in bladder cancer and NMIBC, with an emphasis on high-risk disease. Overall Healthcare Costs Two cost studies estimated the total healthcare costs for bladder cancer in the US and Europe to be US$4.0 billion in 2010 and €2.9 billion in 2012, respectively. In Europe, inpatient care accounted for over half of bladder cancer healthcare costs (€1.7 billion; 58%). Overall costs associated with bladder cancer were estimated at €4.9 billion (€2.9 billion in healthcare costs), of which indirect costs from work productivity losses and informal care accounted for 41%. Likewise, in an Italian cost of illness study of bladder cancer, nearly half (44%) of total per patient costs were due to productivity losses. Mean total annual per patient costs were €3,591 for all bladder cancer types and €3,252 for NMIBC, specifically. The mean lifetime cost of bladder cancer treatment was estimated at $65,158 (USD, 2005 cost year) in a US observational medical database study of 208 patients with transitional cell bladder cancer registering at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Table 4 AE Frequencies During BCG Treatment BCG AE (Number of Studies Reporting AE) Range of Frequency
Circadian Rhythms in Cyanobacteria AS A MARKER OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

elongatus PCC 7942. We review the current understanding of the cyanobacterial clock, emphasizing recent work that has generated a more comprehensive understanding of how the circadian oscillator becomes synchronized with the external environment and how information from the oscillator is transmitted to generate rhythms of biological activity. These results have changed how we think about the clock, shifting away from a linear model to one in which the clock is viewed as an interactive network of multifunctional components that are integrated into the context of the cell in order to pace and reset the oscillator. We conclude with a discussion of how this basic timekeeping mechanism differs in other cyanobacterial species and how information gleaned from work in cyanobacteria can be translated to understanding rhythmic phenomena in other prokaryotic systems.
Effects of Glucagon and Glucagon-Like Peptide-l-(736) Amide on C Cells from Rat Thyroid and Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma CA-77 Cell Line

Glucagon is known to stimulate calcitonin secretion by thyroid C cells over a wide range of concentrations, raising the possibility of its interaction with several types of receptors. This study was designed to characterize receptors that mediate the effect of glucagon on a rat C cell line (CA-77). Binding studies, using radiolabeled [12511glucagon and [12511glu- cagon-like peptide-l-(736) amide ([12511tGLP-l), to CA-77 plasma membranes demonstrated the presence of 1) a glucagon receptor with a dissociation constant (IQ of 2.3 nM and relative potencies for struc- turally related peptides as follows: glucagon tGLP-1; and 2) a tGLP-1 receptor with a % of 0.33 nM and relative potencies as follows: dose-dependent manner 4 orders of magnitude, maximal response ED,, tGLP-1 calcitonin
Option Pricing with Lie Symmetry Analysis and Similarity Reduction Method

With some transformations, we convert the problem of option pricing under state-dependent volatility into an initial value problem of the Fokker-Planck equation with a certain potential. By using the Lie symmetry analysis and similarity reduction method, we are able to reduce the dimensions of the partial differential equation and find some of its particular solutions of the equation. A few case studies demonstrate that our new method can be used to produce analytical option pricing formulas for certain volatility functions.
Smith ScholarWorks Smith Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Predicting Adolescent Cognitive and Self-Regulatory Competencies From Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Competencies From Preschool Delay of Gratification: Identifying Diagnostic Conditions Diagnostic Conditions

Variations of the self-imposed delay-of-gratification situation in preschool were compared to deter- mine when individual differences in this situation may predict aspects of cognitive and self-regula-tory competence and coping in adolescence. Preschool children from a university community participated in experiments that varied features of the self-imposed delay situation. Experimental analyses of the cognitive-attentional processes that affect waiting in this situation helped identify conditions in which delay behavior would be most likely to reflect relevant cognitive and attentional competencies. As hypothesized, in those conditions, coherent patterns of statistically signifi- cant correlations were found between seconds of delay time in such conditions in preschool and cognitive and academic competence and ability to cope with frustration and stress in adolescence.
Bayesian Inference for Stochastic Differential Equation Mixed Effects Models

Parameter inference for stochastic differential equation mixed effects models (SDEMEMs) is a challenging problem. Analytical solutions for these models are rarely available, which means that the likelihood is also intractable. Research has mainly focussed on maximum likelihood inference, with few Bayesian methods in comparison. Due to the intractability of the likelihood, approximate methods have also been of interest. As a result, very few exact Bayesian methods are available for SDEMEMs. The pseudo-marginal approach gives a general framework for exact Bayesian inference of intractable likelihood models, with the intractable likelihood replaced by its nonnegative unbiased estimate. A useful application of this idea is particle MCMC, which uses a particle filter estimate of the likelihood. While the exact posterior is targeted by these methods, a naive implementation for SDEMEMs can be highly inefficient. This thesis develops three extensions to the naive approach which exploits specific aspects of SDEMEMs and other advances such as correlated pseudo-marginal methods. We compare these methods on real data from a tumor xenography study on mice and also investigate how well they scale with the length of the data. Finally, we compare the performance of the methods with advanced data augmentation approaches for these models.
Rehabilitation team members‘ view on how goal-setting is practised in patients after stroke

Background: Goal-setting is a key element in the rehabilitation process of stroke patients. Pa tient centeredness has not only become an important underlying principle for the delivery of health and rehabilitation services, it has also become an important aspect of the goal-setting process. Current research in the area of stroke rehabilitation suggests that there is a lack of con sensus concerning best practice for goal-setting. The aim of the study was to determine how rehabilitation team members set rehabilitation goals in patients after stroke, which assessment tools do they use and what obstacles are present during the goal-setting process. Methods: Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 35 stroke unit rehabilita tion team members at the University Rehabilitation Institute. The interview included questions about clinical experience of goal-setting process generally in rehabilitation, the use of assess ment tools and problems that arise in setting goals. Results: Most of the team members already used goal-setting as a measure of the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment and perceived goal-setting as demanding. Most common mentioned barriers to goal-setting were lack of time, and patient characteristics (disease, personality and expectations). Specific improvements were suggested regarding education. Conclusion: This study highlights a number of issues relevant to rehabilitation team members during the goal-setting process in stroke rehabilitation. Rehabilitation process should be pati-ent-centred and goal-directed. In the future, it is important to develop clear guidelines about goal-setting in stroke rehabilitation, as well as additional training for healthcare professionals. Cite as: Bizovičar N, Kovačec Hermann T. [Rehabilitation team members‘ view on how goal-setting is practised in patients after stroke]. Zdrav Vestn. 2019;88(7–8):304–16. DOI:
(2018). Understanding the Relationship Between Female Sex Workers and Their Intimate Partners: Lessons and Initial Findings From Participatory Research in North Karnataka, South

While traditional HIV prevention programs with female sex workers (FSWs) in Karnataka, India, have focused on reducing HIV transmission between FSWs and clients through increased condom use, these programs have not fully addressed the transmission risk between FSWs and their nonpaying intimate partners (IPs). Condom use is infrequent and violence is recurrent in these relationships: Furthermore, there is little evidence on the precise nature of FSW–IP relationships. Our study addresses this knowledge gap to inform HIV programs targeted at FSWs. A series of workshops, using participatory tools, was held to explore FSW-IP relationships; 31 FSWs and 37 IPs participated. Three aspects of FSW–IP relationships were examined: how FSWs and IPs understand and interpret their relationships, factors influencing condom use, and the role of violence and its consequences. FSWs wish to be perceived as their IPs’ wives, while IPs expect their FSW partners to accept their dominance in the relationship. Nonuse of condoms signals fidelity and elevates the status of the relationship almost to that of marriage, which helps FSWs enter the category of “good” (married) women. Tolerating and accepting violence in these relationships is normative, as in other marital relationships; IPs justify violence as necessary to establish and maintain their power within the relationship. Both FSWs and IPs value their relationships despite the high degree of risk posed by low condom use and high levels of violence. Implications for program design include addressing current norms around masculinity and gender roles, and improving communication within relationships.
An miRNA-encoded small peptide, vvi-miPEP171d1, regulates adventitious root 1 formation

One of the biggest challenges in clonal propagation of grapevine ( Vitis vinifera L.) is 35 difficulty of rooting. Adventitious root initiation and development are the critical steps 36 in the cutting and layering process of grapevine, but the molecular mechanism of 37 these processes remains unclear. Previous reports have found that microRNA 38 (miRNA)-encoded peptides (miPEPs) can regulate plant root development by 39 increasing the transcription of their corresponding primary miRNA (pri-miRNAs). 40 Here, we report the role of a miPEP in increasing adventitious root formation in 41 grapevine. In this study, we performed a global analysis of miPEPs in grapevine, and 42 characterized the function of vvi-miPEP171d1, a functional, small peptide encoded by 43 pri-miR171d. There were three small open reading frames in the 500 bp upstream 44 sequence of pre-miR171d. One of them encoded a small peptide, vvi-miPEP171d1, 45 which could increase the transcription of vvi-MIR171d . Exogenous application of 46 vvi-miPEP171d1 to grape tissue culture plantlets promoted adventitious root 47 development by activating the expression of vvi- MIR171d . Interestingly, neither 48 exogenous application of the vvi-miPEP171d1 peptide nor overexpression of the 49 vvi-miPEP171d1 coding sequence resulted in phenotypic changes in Arabidopsis 50 thaliana . Similarly, application of synthetic ath-miPEP171c, the small peptide 51 encoded by the Arabidopsis ortholog of vvi-MIR171d , inhibited the growth of primary 52 roots and induced the early initiation of lateral and adventitious roots in Arabidopsis, 53 while it had no effect on grape root development. Our findings reveal that 54 miPEP171d1 regulates root development by promoting vvi-MIR171d expression in a 55 species-specific manner, further enriching the theoretical research into
Study on the magnetic properties of magnetite synthesized by Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1

Magnetotactic bacterium (MTB) is a class of bacterium which tends to move in response to the environment's geomagnetic lines. MTB forms magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs: e.g . magnetite Fe 3 O 4 or greigite Fe 3 S 4 ) with a size of 35-120 nm in vivo . Each of MNPs is surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer. They form a chain structure composed of 15-20 MNPs, which is called “magnetosome”. The first MTB strain isolated and cultured was Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1, which produces highly pure Fe 3 O
Deﬁcient Major Histocompatibility Complex-Linked Innate Murine Cytomegalovirus Immunity in MA/My.L-H2 b Mice and Viral Downregulation of H-2 k Class I Proteins (cid:1)

NK cells are key effectors of innate immunity and host survival during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Innate murine CMV (MCMV) resistance in MA/My mice requires Ly49H/m157-independent H-2 k -linked NK cell control. Here we show that replacement of MA/My H-2 k with C57L H-2 b susceptibility genes led to a remarkable loss of innate virus immunity, though NK gamma interferon was induced in H-2 b and H-2 k strains shortly after infection. Thus, H-2 b genes expressed in C57L or MA/My.L-H2 b are sufﬁcient in alerting NK cells to intrusion but fail to support NK restraint of viral infection. In addition, novel H-2 recombinant strains were produced and utilized in a further reﬁnement of a critical genetic interval controlling innate H-2 k -linked MCMV resistance. Importantly, this analysis excluded the gene interval from K k class I through class II. The responsible gene(s) therefore resides in an interval spanning D k class Ia and more-distal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) nonclassical class Ib genes. Recently, the NK activation receptor Ly49P and MHC class I D k proteins were genetically implicated in MCMV resistance, in part
A REVIEW: INITIAL RISK FACTORS OF HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES MELLITUS

: The relationship between hypertension and diabetes mellitus is well established. The mechanisms through which the diseases coexist are still in the area of research. Genetics, Obesity, Mental stress, less physical activity, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Oxidative stress are known to be common risk factors that lead to the development of hypertension and diabetes. There is an overlap between the risk factors and disease mechanism of hypertension and diabetes. Alteration in normal body pathways like the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system also contribute to both diseases. Recent studies on these risk factors have provided new perspectives. Knowing the common cause and risk factors allows a more effective approach in the prevention and treatment of hypertension and diabetes.
PARP Inhibitor in Ovarian Cancer Therapy

But how to explain that PAPR inhibitors are only effective for around 40% BRCA1 mutation tumors [20]? Besides SSBs repair, poly (ADP-ribosylation) is recently found to have an important function in BRCA1 regulated-HR [21,22]. BRCA1 contains an N’ Ring domain and a C’ BRCT domain [22,23]. The C’ BRCT targets BRCA1 slowly to DNA damage sites, while PAR mediates the fast recruitment of BRCA1 by the interaction between PAR and the BRCA1/BARD1 complex, linked by their Ring domains [24,25] (Figure 1). Inhibition of PAR synthesis by PARP inhibitor completely blocks the recruitment of BRCA1 to DNA damage sites in cells bearing BRCT mutations, and thus abolishes HR. However, a set of cancer-associated mutations exist in the Ring domain of BRCA1. In these cases, the loss of PAR does not change the behavior of BRCA1 since the fast recruitment pathway of BRCA1 is originally defective regardless the presence of PAR. BRCA1 could be targeted slowly to DNA damage sites by the slow recruitment by the BRCT domain. PARP inhibitors, therefore, do not selectively kill tumor cells with these mutations. Thus, we propose that cancer cells with BRCA1-BRCT mutations would be hypersensitive to PARP inhibitor, and the chemotherapy of PARP inhibitor drugs may be applied to ovarian cancer patients bearing these mutations.
Bioremediation & Biodegradation The Effect of Soil pH on Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHS)

Environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a significant issue raising interest in bioremediation. Soil microorganism plays a vital role in degradation of PAHs and uses various metabolic pathways for degradation process. The effect of soil pH on degradation of PAH with a view to manipulating soil pH to enhance the bioremediation of PAH’s was studied. The degradation rate of key PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, flouranthene, and pyrene) was monitored in an Arthur Brower’s topsoil at range of soil pH (5-8). Isolation of microbes degrading PAHs was carried out. L-arginine ammonification was measured to estimate soil microbial biomass by ATPase, whilst soil enzyme associated with the degradation rate of each individual PAH was studied. It was observed that soil pH 7.5 was most suitable for the degradation of all the PAHs. 50% degradation was observed in soil pH 7.5 within first three days of time period which is a seven th of the time taken at pH 5 and pH 6.5 (21 days). Greater fungal populations were found at low (acidic) soil pH and also at high (basic) soil pH, in comparison with neutral pH 7. Pencillium species was found to be more prevalent at acidic pH whilst Aspergillus species was found to be more prevalent at pH 7.5-8. Greatest bacterial population was observed at soil pH 7.5. Moreover, the practical application to bioremediation process that natural detoxify PAHs and different organic compounds present at various contaminated sites is at slower rates and thus requires potential understanding in degradation improvement. However, amending the favorable soil pH as a result of its effect obtained in this study will fasten the rates of PAH degradation. Since, greatest degradation rates in this study were found at soil pH 7.5
New 3D in Silico Model of Hair and Skin Heating During Laser Hair Removal

— The efficacy and safety of conventional laser hair removal technology is fundamentally based on clinical case studies. However, the internal temperature of hair during treatment and thus the efficacy of the laser pulse cannot be measured or evaluated. Also the level of heat that reaches the surrounding skin tissue is just estimated in order to prevent burning. In this sense, any method that enables the measurement of the temperature that reaches the hair and skin during a laser pulse is a potential tool to improve laser hair removal technique and to increase the safety of laser technology. Here we develop new numerical multiphysics simulation software to simulate the hair removal process. We create 3D models of dermal tissue that include the epidermis, dermis and hair follicle structure. Subsequently, laser pulses of 755 nm, 810 nm and 1064 nm with different power and pulse characteristics have been simulated. Through a process of numerical calculation, we simulated the heating of skin and hair follicles with various characteristics and determined the temperature and thermal damage in order to anticipate the efficacy and safety of laser hair removal. We show that the best results are obtained with shorter pulse durations and, therefore, with the highest laser power. Moreover, we demonstrate that longer wavelengths (1064 nm) provide better efficacy and safety for dark skin. The model developed in this study can be used to gain a better understanding of the laser hair removal process, to conduct clinical studies, develop better and safer devices, and to assist clinicians in the selection of parameters for achieving optimal and safe results during hair removal procedures.