Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Immune Dysregulation and Viral Persistence During HIV Infection

Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV continue to suffer from high burdens of respiratory infections, lung cancers and chronic lung disease at a higher rate than the general population. The lung mucosa, a previously neglected HIV reservoir site, is of particular importance in this phenomenon. Because ART does not eliminate the virus, residual levels of HIV that remain in deep tissues lead to chronic immune activation and pulmonary inflammatory pathologies. In turn, continuous pulmonary and systemic inflammation cause immune cell exhaustion and pulmonary immune dysregulation, creating a pro-inflammatory environment ideal for HIV reservoir persistence. Moreover, smoking, gut and lung dysbiosis and co-infections further fuel the vicious cycle of residual viral replication which, in turn, contributes to inflammation and immune cell proliferation, further maintaining the HIV reservoir. Herein, we discuss the recent evidence supporting the notion that the lungs serve as an HIV viral reservoir. We will explore how smoking, changes in the microbiome, and common co-infections seen in PLWH contribute to HIV persistence, pulmonary immune dysregulation, and high rates of infectious and non-infectious lung disease among these individuals.
Editorial: Glycocalyx in Physiology and Vascular Related Diseases

Glycocalyx (GCX) covers the surface of every mammalian cell. It is closely associated with various physiological and pathophysiological events, including cytoskeleton remodeling, vascular leakage, angiogenesis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Components of GCX are promising biomarkers for many vascular-related diseases, such as sepsis, shock, coronary artery disease, COVID-19, hypertension, diabetes, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and pre-eclampsia. They are also the critical elements involved in the cell-cell and cell-external environment crosstalk in these diseases. The structure of GCX can be modified by bioactive serum constituents, drugs, mechanical forces, and other factors. As an essential signaling mediator, GCX governs the transduction of the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GCXmediated signaling is involved in the cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, adhesion, autophagy, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The mechanisms underlying vascular-related diseases are multifactorial. For example, the interaction between endothelial GCX and the microenvironment may determine the fate of cells and regulate coagulation, permeability, migration, adhesion, and inflammation. Up to date, the research in GCX has focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which the structure and composition of the GCX are disrupted by the pathological factors, with increasing interests in the synthesis and restoration from the disruption. Nevertheless, the composition of GCX is likely to be dynamically altered to maintain the microvascular homeostasis. Enzymatic degradation, de novo biosynthesis of newmolecules, as well as recruitment of circulating molecules from the blood, all modify the integrity of GCX and its associated functions. This Research Topic about GCX in physiology and vascular related diseases comprises 15 articles, eight original research and seven review articles, presenting the role of GCX in vascular mechanotransduction, permeability, angiogenesis, as well as the disruption of GCX in various diseases.
Internet Survey of Risk Factors Associated With Training and Competition in Dogs Competing in Agility Competitions

Objective: To describe risk factors associated with training and competition in relation to frequency and severity of injuries experienced by agility dogs. Procedures: An internet-based survey collected data on competition level variables and training level variables. The primary outcome was history of any injury and a secondary outcome considered history of severe injury (injury lasting > 3 months). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations and final models were obtained via backward selection to identify the strongest associations within variables. Results: There were 4,197 dogs included in this analysis. Injury was reported for 1,737 (41.4%) dogs and severe injury was reported for 629 (15.0%). In the model with competition level factors, jumping 4” (OR: 1.50) or 2–4” (OR: 1.31) over shoulder height compared to jumping 0–2” lower and competing at national events was associated with increased injury risk, while competing 6+ times on rubber matting was associated with lower risk (OR: 0.62). Training level variables associated with injury risk were age starting jump, teeter, and weave training, with the highest risk observed for dogs starting jump training between 3 and 18 months but starting weave and teeter training after 18 months of age. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Many variables thought to be associated with injury risk were not significant in the final model. Starting jump training at an earlier age was associated with greater risk of injury relative to starting after 18 months. It is possible that the high impact of jump training before skeletal maturity may increase the risk of injuries or musculoskeletal conditions. The increased risk of injury in dogs that jump 2–4, or 4+ inches higher than shoulder height may be due to increased biomechanical forces during takeoff and landing. Faster dogs may be at higher risk of injury; handlers planning competition around big events or competing at the national level are likely to have faster dogs, and may be less likely to compete on rubber matting. These data provide valuable current insight into the possible effects that training and competition variables may have on injury risk in agility dogs.
NLOS UWB Undermining Experimental Characterization & Performance Evaluation Using MB-OFDM

This paper reports on the statistical characterization and modeling of the Ultra- Wideband (UWB) propagation channel in an underground mine environment over the frequency range 3{10GHz. Two kinds of transmission antennas, directional and omni-directional, were used to investigate the efiect of the antenna directivity on the path loss propagation and on the time dispersion parameters in non line-of-sight (NLOS) underground galleries. The measurement and simulation results show that the directional-directional antenna combination yields better radiation e-ciency for reducing the time dispersion parameters. Based on channel time domain parameters, and IEEE 802.15. 3a working group speciflcations, Multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) physical (PHY) layer for short-range high data-rate is evalu- ated. Results indicate that the use of omnidirectional antennas in an underground mine is not realistic. In contrast, directional antennas ofier a better performance in terms of capacity.
Carbon assessment of wind power

The Earth is facing huge implications from Anthropogenic Global Warming and peaks in the production of finite fossil fuels. Decision-makers have to choose strategies for combating these dual problems whilst ensuring minimal costs to society and the environment. Unfortunately, renewable technologies in particular have doubt associated with their ability to reduce total life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electricity due to uncertainty in estimates. This thesis analyses historic associated GHG estimates of wind farms, the largest renewables contributor to electricity generation in the UK, to reduce the uncertainty inherent in estimates and better understand critical factors that influence estimation. Through harmonisation of published life cycle GHG emissions estimates, they are reduced by 56% to between 2.9 and 37.3gCO2e/kWh. Average values for onshore and offshore wind power are calculated as 16 and 18.2gCO2e/kWh respectively and exhibit similar characteristics in their life cycle GHG emissions. Ormonde Offshore Wind Farm is analysed using a novel hybrid approach and gives total baseline GHG emissions of 17.5gCO2e/kWh and is the largest wind power installation to be analysed to date. Finally, an estimate of the effect of load variability of wind on thermal plant in the UK system is calculated. It is shown that this effect may reduce the net emissions saving from wind power relative to the whole UK system’s savings when wind power is included.
COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT METHODS TO DETERMINE THE ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS

Three different experimental methods for the electromagnetic characterization of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) are presented in this paper. Two methods rely on static measurements. The first one permits the static torque measurement when one phase of the machine is fed by a direct current. The second one determines the flux characteristic when one phase of the machine is fed at standstill by an alternative current. The third is a flux dynamic characterization method, the SRM is driven at a constant speed and fed by a direct current. Because of the emf of the motor, the feeding current is never perfectly constant especially in the case of medium and high power SRM. A numerical method is then presented which permits to compensate the effects of this current ripple. Finally, the accuracy and the feasibility of the implementation of these methods are compared.
Prediction and Control of Ground Deformation and Displacement due to large Slurry Shield Tunneling using Stochastic Medium Theory

Slurry shield tunneling has been successfully applied worldwide in recent years due to its virtues However, in a complicated environment, the prediction and control of ground surface deformation and displacement due to large slurry shield excavation remain important problems to be solved. This paper presents the analytical formulation for ground surface deformation and displacement induced by tunnel excavation based on a stochastic medium model. An optimization theory of Powell’s Conjugation method was employed for the back-analysis prediction of settlement in this model. Based on ultra-large slurry shield tunneling in the building zone of Shanghai Yangtze river project, the ground surface movement induced by uplink tunneling as well as cumulative movement of uplink and downlink tunneling was accurately predicted using the associated program. Recommended procedures for tunneling in a building zone are also presented. The case study verifies the validity and reliability of the theoretical approach and can be serve as a reference for other similar engineering projects.
Evolution of Brachytherapy Applicators for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer

Brachytherapy applicators have come a long way since Danlos developed early intracavitary applicators to treat cervical cancer patients. Therefore, this review will help in the neoteric designs of intracavitary applicators. A detailed literature survey of the gynecological brachytherapy applicators from the era of preloading to conceptual intensity-modulated brachytherapy applicators has been carried out. Depending on the extent of the disease and patient anatomy, the selection of brachytherapy applicators plays a pivotal role in the treatment of cervical cancer. Furthermore, the selection of the applicators is also based on the imaging modalities to be used for applicator reconstruction and treatment planning. Dose acceleration in the target and reduction in nearby organs at risk can be optimized using an applicator having the capabilities of intensity-modulated brachytherapy. Now, three-dimensional printed applicators are used for patient-specific tailor-made treatment and they are fast replacing the old conventional applicators. Newer advancements in technology have greatly influenced the neoteric designs of intracavitary brachytherapy applicators.
Surgical and cell therapy in critical limb ischemia: Current evidence and rationale for combined treatment with special focus on diabetic patients

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is considered the end-stage of peripheral arterial disease, with a prevalence between 2% and 4% in the general population and more than 15% in older adults. One-year major amputation rate can reach 30%, and diabetic patients are five times more likely to develop CLI than nondiabetics. The vascular damage and the complexity in the anatomical extension of the lesions are also worse in people with diabetes with poorer outcomes after vascularization attempts. Following the classifications suggested by international guidelines, we can define the presence of CLI and have a precise evaluation of the amputation risk and the best revascularization procedure for the patient. Nowadays, new endovascular techniques and devices make it possible to treat tibial vessels and even arteries below the ankle with promising initial results. Nevertheless, the re-occlusions rate and the need to re-do treatments at 1 year remain between 30% and 50%. The disease progression and hyperplasia can because it. However, the damage at the microcirculatory level can also lead to a decrease in tissue runoff and an increase in peripheral resistance, which determine the revascularization failure. In the last 20 years, several trials have been designed to avoid amputation in patients with no surgical options. The aim is to find a valid cellular base therapy to create a new vessel web in the ischemic tissue based on the angiogenetic power that stem cells have already demonstrated in vitro and animal studies. Different types of cells have been tested with different concentrations and administration routes with promising results. CD34 + Mononuclear cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, growth factors have demonstrated their contribution to the neo-angiogenesis in ischemic areas. At Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, we created a cellular cocktail as an adjunct treatment to surgical revascularization. We think that acting at the microcirculatory and immunological level. We may reduce postsurgery hyperplasia and increase tissue perfusion, ultimately prolonging the patency of revascularization procedures.
Effectiveness, safety, and parental satisfaction of insulin pump therapy versus multiple-dose injection therapy in preschool children with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Despite the increasing demand for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or insulin pump therapy in preschool children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D), reports on its advantages over conventional methods, particularly multiple dose injection (MDI) therapy, are scant. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness, safety, and parental satisfaction of using CSII compared to MDI in preschool children with T1D. This study also seeks to establish criteria to help clinicians choose patients most suitable for CSII. Methods: Relevant terms based on the study outcomes were used to search electronic databases and manual search for the literature. Selected articles were then thoroughly reviewed and evaluated. Results: The effect in the meta-analysis showed a small, nonsignificant positive effect on HbA1c of the CSII compared to the MDI insulin intervention method (mean Cohen's d effect size = 0.25, Standard Error = 0.18, P = 0.16 (n = 127)) and a small, nonsignificant negative effect on safety of the CSII compared to the MDI insulin intervention method (mean Cohen's d effect size = −0.26, SE = 0.36, P = 0.47 [n = 70]). For parental satisfaction, data were small and therefore inappropriate for meta-analysis. Conclusion: For preschool children, the effectiveness and safety of insulin pump therapy compared with MDI therapy was considered statistically nonsignificant. All preschool children with T1D can be considered potentially eligible candidates for insulin pump therapy. Suggested selection criteria to apply when considering preschool children for insulin pump therapy were presented.
The comparison of performance by using alternative refrigerant R152a in automobile climate system with different artificial neural network models

Due to the refrigerant gas R134a which is used in automobile air conditioning systems and has greater global warming impact will be phased out gradually, an alternative gas is being desired to be used without much change on existing air conditioning systems. It is aimed to obtain the easier solution for intermediate values on the performance by creating a Neural Network Model in case of using a fluid (R152a) in automobile air conditioning systems that has the thermodynamic properties close to each other and near-zero global warming impact. In this instance, a network structure giving the most accurate result has been established by identifying which model provides the best education with which network structure and makes the most accurate predictions in the light of the data obtained after five different ANN models was trained with three different network structures. During training of Artificial Neural Network, Quick Propagation, Quasi-Newton, Levenberg-Marquardt and Conjugate Gradient Descent Batch Back Propagation methodsincluding five inputs and one output were trained with various network structures. Over 1500 iterations have been evaluated and the most appropriate model was identified by determining minimum error rates. The accuracy of the determined ANN model was revealed by comparing with estimates made by the Multi-Regression method.
AERODYNAMIC NOISE OF A TWO-DIMENSIONAL WING WITH HIGH-LIFT DEVICES.

This paper concerns the experimental characterization of the aerodynamic noise of a two-dimensional 1/11 scale wing, supplied with a leading-edge slat and a trailing-edge flap. Three configurations are depicted, takeoff, cruise and landing. The experimental results are analyzed for the noisiest configuration, that is landing. Two noise sources, localized in the slat-wing slot and the wing-flap slot, are displayed. Sound is preferentially radiated from the wing pressure side. Moreover radiation from the wing-flap slot and from the flap trailing-edge are shown to interfer in far field. In parallel to the experimental study, an attempt is made to represent the wingflap noise radiation with the help of existing analytical theories.
Anti-Obesity Synergistic Effect of Pomegranate Seed Oil (PSO) and Arabic Gum (AG) in Albino Rats

Obesity has become a global concern worldwide, incidence of obesity is more likely in developing countries. Punicic acid (PA) is the major fatty acids proportion in PSO, it possesses numerous health benefits. On other hand, dietary fibers induce satiation, remodeling motility of gastric emptying and even lead to control body weight. AG blocked glucose absorption of intestine, this current investigation studies the anti-obesity effect PSO and AG integration on induced obese albino rats by high fat diet (HFD). Forty Dawley male rats (149±16g) allocated into: G1standard group: rats fed normal standard diet, G2HFD group: rats fed on a high fat diet, G3HFD+PSO group: rats fed on HDF and received PSO (2 ml/kg of BW daily), G4HFD+ AG group: rats fed on HDF incorporated with Arabic Gum (5%) and G5HFD+PSO+AG group: rats fed on HFD and received (PSO and AG) as previous varied ratio. Co-administration of PSO+AG reduced body weight gain, suppressing intestinal glucose absorption, improve lipid profile, its effect on gut hormone secretion plus antioxidant activity. It concluded that anti-obesity benefits make PSO & AG are useful combination in controlling body weight gain or treat obesity.
Design of a laminar-turbulent transition flight experiment

*† ‡ § ** Laminar-turbulent transition is commonly recognized as an important factor in the design of re-entry vehicles. In the framework of the European project EXPERT, organized by the European Space Agency (ESA), CIRA, ONERA and VKI are working together to design and implement on the EXPERT capsule an experiment on induced transition. The aim of the present work is to summarize and test the main correlations commonly used to estimate transition in hypersonic regime, applying them to the flight of the EXPERT capsule. An experimental test campaign has been also carried on in order to verify the reliability of such correlations in wind tunnel conditions representative of the EXPERT flight. Finally, the preliminary sensors layout proposed for the EXPERT capsule is shown for the flight is foreseen in 2007.
Deep-Learning-CNN for Detecting Covered Faces with Niqab

Detecting occluded faces is a non-trivial problem for face detection in computer vision. This challenge becomes more difficult when the occlusion covers majority of the face. Despite the high performance of current state-of-the-art face detection algorithms, the detection of occluded and covered faces is an unsolved problem and is still worthy of study. In this paper, a deep-learning-face-detection model Niqab-Face-Detector is proposed along with context-based labeling technique for detecting unconstrained veiled faces such as faces covered with niqab. An experimental test was conducted to evaluate the performances of the proposed model using the Niqab-Face dataset. The experiment showed encouraging results and improved accuracy compared with state-of-the-art face detection algorithms
TGE-viz : Mixed Initiative Plan Visualization

Existing work for plan trace visualization in automated planning uses pipeline-style visualizations, similar to plans in Gantt charts. Such visualization do not capture the domain structure or dependencies between the various ﬂuents and actions. Additionally, plan traces in such visualizations cannot be easily altered without tracking the dependencies across actions, and that imposes a higher cognitive load. We introduce TGE-viz, a technique to visualize plan traces using an embedding of all the ﬂuents and actions in a domain in low dimensional space. TGE-viz allows users in mixed-initiative planning to visualize and criticize plans more intuitively. It also allows users to visually extract the structure of domains and the dependencies in plans.
Cytokine profile as biomarker of COVID-19 and its correlation with liver function enzymes and other markers of inflammation

Introduction and Aim: Various hematological and biochemical parameters are assessed as biomarkers of COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2. In this study, efforts were made to identify the correlation of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-? , IL-1? , and IL-1? ) with the liver function enzyme markers, LDH, CRP, Ferritin, and D-dimer. We also assessed the correlation of cytokines with severity of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 53 serum samples of RT-PCR-positive patients admitted to the hospital. Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-? , IL-1? , and IL-1? ) were analyzed with sandwich ELISA. The levels of cytokines were compared between mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19, and the correlation among cytokines, liver function marker enzymes, LDH, CRP, D-dimer, and ferritin were analyzed. Results: Along with CRP, LDH and ferritin, IL-6 showed significant difference between mild, moderate, and severe COVID groups. significant correlation between IL-6 & LDH (p -.002), IL-6 & D-Dimer (p- .010), IL-6 & IL-1? (p- .027), IL-1? & D-Dimer (p- .010), IL-1? & LDH (p-.027), and IL-1? & TNF-? & (p-.000). Conclusion: Cytokines especially IL-6 correlated with disease severity. Assaying the profile of cytokines could be of immense value in diagnosis, prognosis, and management of COVID-19.