Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observational Evidence of Summer Shamal Swells along the West Coast of India

Wave data collected off Ratnagiri, which is on the west coast of India, in 2010 and 2011 are used to examine the presence of the summer shamal swells. This study also aims to understand variations in wave characteristics and associated modifications in wind sea propagation at Ratnagiri. Wind data collected using an autonomous weather station (AWS), along with Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and NCEP data, are used to identify the presence of summer shamal winds along the west coast of the Indian subcontinent and on the Arabian Peninsula. NCEP and ASCAT data indicate the presence of summer shamal winds over the Arabian Peninsula and northwesterly winds at Ratnagiri. This study identifies the presence of swells from the northwest that originate from the summer shamal winds in the Persian Gulf and that reach Ratnagiri during 30% of the summer shamal period. AWS data show the presence of northwest winds during May and southwest winds during the strong southwest monsoon period (June‐August). Another important factor identified at Ratnagiri that is associated with the summer shamal events is the direction of wind sea waves. During the onset of the southwest monsoon (May), the sea direction is in the direction of swell propagation (northwest);however,during the southwestmonsoon (June‐August), a major part of the windsea direction is from the southwest. The average occurrence of summer shamal swells is approximately 22% during the southwest monsoon period. An increase in wave height is observed during June and July at Ratnagiri due to the strong summer shamal event.
A new continuous model for job-shop scheduling

Abstract In this paper arguments are presented for the use of a new continuous model for job-shop scheduling. In this model each job is regarded as infinitely divisible. Formulating the job-shop problem in this way leads to optimal control problems of a type which recent work has shown to be efficiently solvable. Solutions to these continuous problems can be used to generate heuristic loading rules. Some simulation results from small job-shops are presented. These demonstrate that loading rules based on the continuous model perform well in practice.
Approximate Bayesian computation for a flexible class of bivariate beta distributions

Several bivariate beta distributions have been proposed in the literature. In particular, Olkin and Liu (2003) proposed a 3 parameter bivariate beta model, which Arnold and Ng (2011) extend to 5 and 8 parameter models. The 3 parameter model allows for only positive correlation, while the latter models can accommodate both positive and negative correlation. However, these come at the expense of a density that is mathematically intractable. The focus of this research is on Bayesian estimation for the 5 and 8 parameter models. Since the likelihood does not exist in closed form, we apply approximate Bayesian computation, a likelihood free approach. Simulation studies have been carried out for the 5 and 8 parameter cases under various priors and tolerance levels. We apply the 5 parameter model to a real data set by allowing the model to serve as a prior to correlated proportions of a bivariate beta binomial model. Results and comparisons are then discussed.
Photonic crystal slow light Mach–Zehnder interferometer modulator for optical interconnects

Optical interconnects have been considered essential technology which can directly address the problems of electrical interconnects concerning low bandwidth, high latencies and high power consumption. A novel Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) modulator based on a lithium niobate photonic crystal waveguide is proposed. For an optimized design of photonic crystal structure with low group velocity dispersion and low transmission loss, we realize an optimized modulator with a length of only 42.6 µm, a small driver voltage 1.25 V and a high modulation bandwidth up to 100 GHz. The demonstrated MZI modulators can be used as guidance in future all-optical interconnections.
Spectral interferometry-based surface plasmon resonance sensing of liquid analyte refractive index change

Theoretical study of a polarimetric setup intended to measure the refractive index change of a liquid analyte is presented. The detection scheme is based on the excitation of surface plasmon resonance in Kretschmann configuration combined with spectral interferometry. The principle of the method is to observe the spectral interference fringes as a result of mixing of two orthogonal linearly polarized waves with an analyzer. The waves are reflected from the base of a coupling prism covered by a thin metal layer used for generation of surface plasmon waves. The polarimetric setup consists of a linear polarizer, a birefringent crystal, a SF10 coupling prism covered by a gold layer and a linear analyzer. The attenuated total reflection at the prism base serves for the excitation of surface plasmon waves. The output optical field is then analyzed by a spectrometer. The phase change of resulting interference spectrum contains the information about the refractive index change of investigated analyte. The shift of phase curve is related to the analyte refractive index change. The model computation is performed in the frame of thin-film optics and the dispersion properties of all included materials are taken into account.
Asymptotically Efficient Selection of the Order of the Model for Estimating Parameters of a Linear Process

Let $\{x_t\}$ be a linear stationary process of the form $x_t + \Sigma_{1\leqslant i<\infty}a_ix_{t-i} = e_t$, where $\{e_t\}$ is a sequence of i.i. d. normal random variables with mean 0 and variance $\sigma^2$. Given observations $x_1, \cdots, x_n$, least squares estimates $\hat{a}(k)$ of $a' = (a_1, a_2, \cdots)$, and $\hat{\sigma}^2_k$ of $\sigma^2$ are obtained if the $k$th order autoregressive model is assumed. By using $\hat{a}(k)$, we can also estimate coefficients of the best predictor based on $k$ successive realizations. An asymptotic lower bound is obtained for the mean squared error of the estimated predictor when $k$ is selected from the data. If $k$ is selected so as to minimize $S_n(k) = (n + 2k)\hat{\sigma}^2_k$, then the bound is attained in the limit. The key assumption is that the order of the autoregression of $\{x_t\}$ is infinite.
Reflected Backward Stochastic Differential Equations, Convex Risk Measures and American Options

We use convex risk measures to assess unhedged risks for American-style contingent claims in a continuous-time non-Markovian economy using reflected backward stochastic differential equations (RBSDEs). A two-stage approach is adopted to evaluate the risk. We formulate the evaluation problem as an optimal stopping-control problem and discuss the problem using reflected BSDEs. The convex risk measures are represented as solutions of RBSDEs. In the Markov case, we relate the RBSDE solutions to the unique viscosity solutions of related obstacle problems for parabolic partial differential equations.
PERCEPTION OF NURSING PROFESSIONALS AGAINST HUMANIZATION IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS PERCEPÇÃO DOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE À HUMANIZAÇÃO NAS UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

: Introduction: The humanization of care in Intensive Care Units involves all health professionals who make up the working team, providing care to the patient and family, seeking to preserve the integrity of the patient as a human being and not just focusing on the patient-disease, encompassing -o as a person who has his own needs. Objective: To know the perception of nursing professionals regarding humanized care in intensive care units in a private hospital in the year 2021. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study, which aims to assess the perception of nursing professionals working in Intensive Care Units, through a descriptive design in a qualitative perspective. Results and discussion: After analyzing the speeches of Nursing professionals, the answers were classified into five categories, namely: the concept of humanization, the actions that characterize humanized care, the difficulties encountered in performing humanized care, non-humanized situations and strategies for a humanized assistance. Through the analysis of all categories, it is understood that professionals feel humanized, is a contributing factor for them to practice humanization with their patients. Final considerations: Given the perceptions presented, the reports provided knowledge of how professionals provide humanized care to patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit, leading us to reflect on the difficulties for humanization from the demands of the sector, the number of professionals, structural difficulties and the accumulation of functions that can become a predisposing risk for the performance of dehumanized care.
Approximate Barnes Interpolation

Barnes interpolation is a method that is widely used in geospatial sciences like meteorology to remodel data values recorded at irregularly distributed points into a representative analytical ﬁeld. When implemented naively, the computational complexity of Barnes interpolation depends directly on both the number of sample points and the number of grid points. In the era of highly resolved grids and overwhelming numbers of sample points, which originate e.g. from the Internet of Things or from crowd-sourced data, this computation can be quite demanding even on high-performance machines. 5 This paper presents new approaches how very good approximations of Barnes interpolation can be implemented using fast algorithms. Two use cases are in particular considered, namely (1) where the used grid is embedded in the Euclidean plane and (2) where the grid is located on the unit sphere.
Spectral analysis of tissues from patients with cancer using a portable spectroscopic diagnostic ratiometer unit

Spectral profiles of tissues from patients with breast carcinoma, malignant carcinoid and non-small cell lung carcinoma were acquired using native fluorescence spectroscopy. A novel spectroscopic ratiometer device (S3-LED) with selective excitation wavelengths at 280 nm and 335 nm was used to produce the emission spectra of the key biomolecules, tryptophan and NADH, in the tissue samples. In each of the samples, analysis of emission intensity peaks from biomolecules showed increased 340 nm/440 nm and 340 nm/460 nm ratios in the malignant samples compared to their paired normal samples. This most likely represented increased tryptophan to NADH ratios in the malignant tissue samples compared to their paired normal samples. Among the non-small cell lung carcinoma and breast carcinomas, it appeared that tumors of very large size or poor differentiation had an even greater increase in the 340 nm/440 nm and 340 nm/460 nm ratios. In the samples of malignant carcinoid, which is known to be a highly metabolically active tumor, a marked increase in these ratios was also seen.
DYNAMIC MODELLING AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF AXIALLY OSCILLATING CANTILEVER BEAMS

Dynamic stability of an axially oscillating cantilever beam is investigated in this paper. Equations of motion for the axially oscillating beam are derived and transformed into dimensionless forms. The equations include harmonically oscillating parameters which are related to the motion-induced stiffness variation. Stability diagrams of the first and the second order approximate solutions are obtained by using the multiple scale perturbation method. The stability diagrams show that there exist significant difference between the first and the second order approximate solutions. It is also found that relatively large unstable regions exist around the first bending natural frequency, twice the first bending natural frequency, and twice the second being natural frequency. The validity of the stability diagram is verified by direct numerical integrations of the equations of motion of the system.
Peer instruction: From Harvard to the two-year college

We compare the effectiveness of a first implementation of peer instruction (PI) in a two-year college with the first PI implementation at a top-tier four-year research institution. We show how effective PI is for students with less background knowledge and what the impact of PI methodology is on student attrition in the course. Results concerning the effectiveness of PI in the college setting replicate earlier findings: PI-taught students demonstrate better conceptual learning and similar problem-solving abilities than traditionally taught students. However, not previously reported are the following two findings: First, although students with more background knowledge benefit most from either type of instruction, PI students with less background knowledge gain as much as students with more background knowledge in traditional instruction. Second, PI methodology is found to decrease student attrition in introductory physics courses at both four-year and two-year institutions.
A Comparison of Galaxy Properties in Two Luminous Red Galaxy Samples at Extremely High and Low Density

Using the local three-dimensional galaxy density in a comoving sphere with a radius of the distance to the fifth-nearest galaxy, we construct two samples at the two density extremes from the luminous red galaxy (LRG) sample of the Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS DR6), which contains 53,453 LRGs with redshift z = 0.2-0.36. We compare the basic properties of LRGs in the lowest density regimes with those of LRGs in the highest density regimes. It is found that the sample at low density has a higher proportion of faint galaxies (Mg⩾ − 21.92) and a lower proportion of luminous galaxies (Mg⩽ − 22.2) than the one at high density, but the colors of the LRGs nearly are independent of the local density. We also measure the projected local density ∑5, which is computed from the distance to the fifth-nearest neighbor within a redshift slice ±1000 km s−1 of each galaxy. For the color distributions of the two samples, we get the same results as when using the three-dimensional local density, but the tendency for LRG luminosity to change with the local density is opposite to what is found using the three-dimensional local density. This shows that projection effects or redshift space distortions may seriously influence any final conclusions about the dependence of LRG luminosity on environment.
Electrokinetic flow in a free surface-guided microchannel

The purpose of this study is to investigate electro-osmotic flow in a free surface-guided microchannel. Although multiphase microfluidics has attracted interests over the past few years, electro-osmotic flow involving free surfaces has yet to be studied in great detail. Several proposed theoretical models describing this type of electro-osmotic flow need to be verified by experiments. In this work, a surface-guided microchannel was fabricated using an innovative fabrication process. Because the liquid stream was confined by surface properties, solid sidewalls did not exist in this microchannel. Instead, the sidewalls were water-air or water-oil interfaces. Using this microchannel, two systems were investigated: water-air system and water-oil system. The experimental results were compared against three proposed models in order to gain more understandings on this type of electro-osmotic flow. Experimental results show that the liquid velocity near the liquid-fluid interface resembles a pluglike profile for .
Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Nin and Fen nanostructures (n=1-4 ) adsorbed on zigzag graphene nanoribbons

Extensive ab initio density-functional calculations were performed to investigate the structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of systems comprising Nin and Fen nanostructures n=1–4 adsorbed on hydrogenpassivated zigzag graphene nanoribbons GNRs . Both Ni and Fe atoms were most strongly bound at GNR edge sites and neither altered whether the GNR was metallic or semiconducting. However, Nin nanostructures were more strongly bound than Fen nanostructures, and their atoms had much smaller spin magnetic moments; Nin /GNR systems, like the pristine GNR, always had lowest energy with antiparallel edge spins, whereas among Fen /GNR systems this was only found for oneor two-atom adstructures at subedge or near-subedge atop sites; and zigzag Ni3 and Ni4 chains placed at GNR hole sites retained close contact with the GNR upon relaxation, whereas the analogous Fe chains adopted geometries similar to those of free-standing Fe clusters, with one or more atoms lifted away from the GNR.
An identification problem related to the Biot system

Abstract In this paper, we study the propagation of elastic waves in porous media governed by the Biot equations in the low frequency range. We prove the existence and uniqueness result both for the direct problem and the inverse one, which consists in identifying the unknown scalar function f(t) in the body density force f(t)𝐠(𝐱,t) acting on a poroelastic body when some additional measurement is available.
What is invexity?

Abstract Recently it was shown that many results in Mathematical Programming involving convex functions actually hold for a wider class of functions, called invex. Here a simple characterization of invexity is given for both constrained and unconstrained problems. The relationship between invexity and other generalizations of convexity is illustrated. Finally, it is shown that invexity can be substituted for convexity in the saddle point problem and in the Slater constraint qualification.
Photoacoustic detection of volatile organic compounds

We present first results of a research project that has the goal to develop an analyzer for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with extraordinarily high detection sensitivity and detection selectivity. Due to its high potential concerning these two key parameters, optical spectroscopy is employed. The new detection scheme is based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS). PA detection utilizes the fact, that the excitation energy of light absorbing molecules is essentially transferred into kinetic energy of the surrounding molecules via inelastic collisions. This causes a local pressure increase in the absorbing gas. If the excitation source is modulated, a sound wave is generated that can be detected by a microphone and phase-sensitively measured using a lock-in amplifier. A considerable challenge of this project is represented by the broad and strongly overlapping absorption bands of the hydrocarbons. Discrimination of the VOCs is possible only by using a spectrally tunable monochromatic radiation source in combination with a sophisticated data analysis algorithm. Therefore, we apply an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with spectral emission between 3 and 4 μm.
Ozone Loss and Recovery and the Preconditioning of Upward-Propagating Planetary Wave Activity

AbstractA mechanistic chemistry–dynamical model is used to evaluate the relative importance of radiative, photochemical, and dynamical feedbacks in communicating changes in lower-stratospheric ozone to the circulation of the stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Consistent with observations and past modeling studies of Northern Hemisphere late winter and early spring, high-latitude radiative cooling due to lower-stratospheric ozone depletion causes an increase in the modeled meridional temperature gradient, an increase in the strength of the polar vortex, and a decrease in vertical wave propagation in the lower stratosphere. Moreover, it is shown that, as planetary waves pass through the ozone loss region, dynamical feedbacks precondition the wave, causing a large increase in wave amplitude. The wave amplification causes an increase in planetary wave drag, an increase in residual circulation downwelling, and a weaker polar vortex in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. The dynamical feedbacks respons.
THE PROPERTIES OF THE SATURATED HELIUM FILM

An account is given of the known properties of the relatively thick film which covers all solid surfaces in contact with liquid helium ll or with the saturaied vapor in equilibrium with the liquid. The irformation, as yet rather meager, available on the properties of the film which exists above the lambda - point also is discussed. (auth)
A Note on Projective and Flat Dimensions and the Bieri-Neumann-Strebel-Renz Σ-Invariants

Let G be a finitely generated group, and A a ℤ[G]-module of flat dimension n such that the homological invariant Σ n (G, A) is not empty. We show that A has projective dimension n as a ℤ[G]-module. In particular, if G is a group of homological dimension hd(G) = n such that the homological invariant Σ n (G, ℤ) is not empty, then G has cohomological dimension cd(G) = n. We show that if G is a finitely generated soluble group, the converse is true subject to taking a subgroup of finite index, i.e., the equality cd (G) = hd(G) implies that there is a subgroup H of finite index in G such that Σ∞(H, ℤ) ≠ ∅.
A structure theorem for actions of semisimple Lie groups

We consider a connected semisimple Lie group G with finite center, an admissible probability measure , on G, and an ergodic (G, ,u)-space (X, v). We first note (Lemma 0.1) that (X, v) has a unique maximal projective factor of the form (G/Q, vo): where Q is a parabolic subgroup of G, and then prove: 1. Theorem 1. If every noncompact simple factor of G has real rank at least two, then the maximal projective factor is nontrivial, unless v is a G
Milligauss magnetic field triggering reliable self-organization of water with long-range ordered proton transport through cyclotron resonance

Reliable experimental results were obtained using a small magnetic field of several milligauss in amplitude and twin cyclotron resonance frequencies for electrical resistivity decreasing phenomena in highly purified water and forming a highly stable water for resistivity showing a small change with a limit cycle for the water temperature variations. The effect of the twin frequency field was predicted from a water self-organization model in which long-range ordered proton transport paths were formed by gathering same size hydromolecular clusters through cluster cyclotron resonance with an external applied ac magnetic field under the geomagnetic field. Measurements of the O/sup 17/-nuclear magnetic resonance supports the self-organization model with a wider resonance curve for magnetized water. The milligauss field with twin cyclotron frequencies is generated using an amplitude over modulation waveform in a function generator and is widely applicable to activate various bio effects in living bodies.
A New Sample of Radio-selected and Optically Confirmed Supernova Remnants in M33

Using radio data to identify and optical data to confirm, we have established the largest and most complete sample of extragalactic radio-bright supernova remnants (SNRs) in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. We have identified 53 radio SNRs, doubling the size of the earlier survey by Duric et al. The increased sample size provides more insight into the nature of SNRs and provides an extensive informational database about SNRs for future studies. The SNR sample was analyzed for statistical trends that relate to the evolution of their radio emission. We report no significant correlation between the radio flux densities and diameters of SNRs in our sample. The absence of a statistically meaningful Σ-D relation is consistent with the view that environmental factors govern the radio evolution of SNRs. A new radio luminosity function for SNRs is presented. Although there appears to be a break in the function, the break is the result of selection effects and not intrinsic to the sample. A comparison of the radio luminosity function with the integrated radio continuum properties of M33 suggests that SNRs may well be the primary source of the relativistic electrons in M33. A histogram of synchrotron spectral indices of the SNRs is presented. Statistical analysis of the spectral index distribution indicates that the mean spectral index of SNRs in M33 is steeper than the mean in samples of SNRs in the Galaxy or the LMC and is consistent with a particle spectrum expected from a diffusive shock acceleration process.