Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Air-Stable Operation of Organic Field-Effect Transistors on Plastic Films Using Organic/Metallic Hybrid Passivation Layers

We investigated the stability of organic field-effect transistors (FETs) under ambient conditions. By employing organic/metallic hybrid passivation layers, we improved the electric stability of organic FETs in air. Pentacene FETs were fabricated on plastic films and encapsulated in organic/metallic hybrid passivation layers. These FETs exhibited a high mobility of 0.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an on/off ratio greater than 106. When the devices were stored in air for two months, the change in mobility was less than 2%. When continuous source–drain and gate voltages of -40 V were applied to the FETs for 10 days in air, the change in saturation current was less than 5%. We performed bending and heating tests in air. The FETs retained their functionality after being bent with a bending radius of less than 1 mm, and exhibited no changes in the performance after being subjected to a number of heat cycles up to 160 °C. The organic/metallic hybrid passivation layer is also effective in reducing air degradation of n-type organic FETs.
Leakage current and breakdown electric-field studies on ultrathin atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 on GaAs

Atomic-layer deposition (ALD) provides a unique opportunity to integrate high-quality gate dielectrics on III-V compound semiconductors. We report detailed leakage current and breakdown electric-field characteristics of ultrathin Al2O3 dielectrics on GaAs grown by ALD. The leakage current in ultrathin Al2O3 on GaAs is comparable to or even lower than that of state-of-the-art SiO2 on Si, not counting the high-k dielectric properties for Al2O3. A Fowler-Nordheim tunneling analysis on the GaAs∕Al2O3 barrier height is also presented. The breakdown electric field of Al2O3 is measured as high as 10MV∕cm as a bulk property. A significant enhancement on breakdown electric field up to 30MV∕cm is observed as the film thickness approaches to 1nm.
Evaluation of One- and Two-Step Impression Techniques and Vertical Marginal Misfit in Fixed Prothesis

Methods 12 impressions were made of a resin maxillary model (second premolar and second molar) with two prepared abutment teeth using vinyl polysiloxane (VPS); the margin of the second premolar was 0.5 mm subgingivally; and the margin of the second molar tooth was at the level of the gingiva. Impressions were made using two techniques: one-step and two-step putty/light materials. A three-unit metal framework was fabricated on the master model using the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technique. The vertical marginal misfit was evaluated in the buccal, lingual, and mesial and distal surfaces of the abutments on the gypsum casts using a light microscope. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test (α < 0.05). Results The results showed significantly lower vertical marginal misfit in all six areas evaluated around the two abutments in the two-step impression technique compared with the corresponding values in the one-step technique. Conclusion Vertical marginal misfit in the two-step technique with a preliminary putty impression was significantly lower than in the one-step putty/light-body technique.
Unsupervised change detection based on improved Markov random field technique using multichannel synthetic aperture radar images

Abstract Change detection represents an important remote sensing tool in environmental monitoring and disaster management. In this respect, multichannel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data offer great potential because of their insensitivity to atmospheric and sun-illumination conditions (over optical multispectral data) and the improved discrimination capability they may provide compared to single-channel SAR. The problem of detecting the changes caused by flooding is addressed by a contextual unsupervised technique based on a Markovian data fusion approach. However, the isotropic formulation of Markov random field (MRF) models causes oversmoothing of spatial boundaries in the final change maps. In order to reduce this drawback, an edge-preserving MRF model is proposed and formulated by using energy functions that combine the edge information extracted from the produced edge maps using competitive fuzzy rules and Canny technique, the information conveyed by each SAR channel, and the spatial contextual information. The proposed technique is experimentally validated with semisimulated data and real ASAR-ENVISAT images. Change detection results obtained by the improved MRF model exhibited a higher accuracy than its predecessors for both semisimulated (average 12%) and real (average 6%) data.
The Added Variable Plot for a Time Series of Counts

The issue of modelling non‐Gaussian time series data is one that has been examined by several authors in recent years. Zeger (1988) introduced a parameter‐driven model for a time series of counts as well as a more general observation‐driven model for non‐Gaussian data (Zeger & Qaqish, 1988). This paper examines the application of the added variable plot to these two models. This plot is useful for determining the strength of relationships and the detection of influential or outlying observations.
Editorial: High entropy alloy design concept enabled emerging novel materials with enhanced mechanical properties

Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, India, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India, Graduate Institute of Ferrous & Energy Materials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
Lithium in the low-mass stars of the Coma Berenices open cluster

ABSTRA C T I report lithium abundances and radial velocities for 15 late F, G and K stars in the Coma Berenices open cluster. All the stars are proper motion members, and the radial velocities enable us to confirm membership for 11 single stars and identify three SB1 systems and one short-period SB2 system that are very probable cluster members. The pattern of Li abundances is similar to that in the Hyades, with some evidence for higher Li abundances in Coma Ber for Teff < 5700 K. I argue that these data do not support standard models for Li depletion involving only convective mixing, because the Coma Ber stars have consistently determined lower metallicities and shallower convection zones than the Hyades and should have suffered a great deal less Li depletion than observed. Instead, it seems that the Li abundances in these and other young clusters are primarily ranked according to their age rather than their metallicity. I propose a scenario where the extreme metallicity dependence of pre-main-sequence Li depletion is tempered by a mechanism that severely inhibits convective mixing, where continued main-sequence depletion occurs via non-standard mixing mechanisms, and where any dependence of Li depletion on metallicity takes at least several hundred Myr to emerge.
Evidence for interchange reconnection between a coronal hole and an adjacent emerging flux region

Coronal holes are regions of dominantly monopolar magnetic field on the Sun where the field is considered to be ‘open’ towards interplanetary space. Magnetic bipoles emerging in proximity to a coronal hole boundary naturally interact with this surrounding open magnetic field. In the case of oppositely aligned polarities between the active region and the coronal hole, we expect interchange reconnection to take place, driven by the coronal expansion of the emerging bipole as well as occasional eruptive events. Using SOHO/EIT and SOHO/MDI data, we present observational evidence of such interchange reconnection by studying AR 10869 which emerged close to a coronal hole. We find closed loops forming between the active region and the coronal hole leading to the retreat of the hole. At the same time, on the far side of the active region, we see dimming of the corona which we interpret as a signature of field line ‘opening’ there, as a consequence of a topological displacement of the ‘open’ field lines of the coronal hole. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An LTCC-Based Antenna Array for D-Band Terahertz Communication

In this letter, a novel patch antenna array with via and slot loading based on low-loss substrate integrated waveguide feeding network is investigated for D-band applications. The radiating patch element is designed with vias and modified geometry for good broadband impedance matching response and high radiation gain. The feeding network provides the same magnitude and in-phase excitation for the radiating elements in the array. To verify the proposed array design, a 4 × 4 array prototype is implemented by low-temperature cofired ceramic fabrication method and tested. The proposed dual resonance concept is validated by the good agreement between the simulated and measured results. The measurement results of the fabricated prototype show that the proposed design can achieve an 12.5% bandwidth with |S11|< −10 dB (150 to 170 GHz) and realize a maximum gain of 16.8 dBi at 166 GHz. With the combined advantages of wideband, low fabrication difficulty, and stable broadside radiation, the proposed array antenna is considered as a promising candidate for future D-band terahertz phased array communication.
Validity and Reliability of Kinvent Plates for Assessing Single Leg Static and Dynamic Balance in the Field

The objective of this study was to validate PLATES for assessing unipodal balance in the field, for example, to monitor ankle instabilities in athletes or patients. PLATES is a pair of lightweight, connected force platforms that measure only vertical forces. In 14 healthy women, we measured ground reaction forces during Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests, first under laboratory conditions (with PLATES and with a 6-DOF reference force platform), then during a second test session in the field (with PLATES). We found that for these simple unipodal balance tests, PLATES was reliable in the laboratory and in the field: PLATES gives results comparable with those of a reference force platform with 6-DOF for the key variables in the tests (i.e., Mean Velocity of the Center of Pressure and Time to Stabilization). We conclude that health professionals, physical trainers, and researchers can use PLATES to conduct Single Leg Balance and Single Leg Landing tests in the laboratory and in the field.
Reference aware attention based medical image diagnosis

Given the excellent globality and parallelism, Transformer has been widely applied to image tasks. Visual Transformers demand modeling the spatial correlations among visual tokens. However, those existing methods either only emphasize the relative position between two tokens, or only concern on their contexts. Intuitively, a rational attention distribution should hinge on both. To this end, this paper proposes Reference Aware Attention (RAA). RAA decomposes inner-tokens dependency into three intuitive factors, in which reference bias is introduced to model how a reference token attends to a region. Experimental results suggest that RAA can effectively promote the performances of visual Transformers on various medical image diagnosis tasks.
Optimized LDPC codes for partial response channels

We construct codes that can closely approach (and possibly ultimately achieve) the i.i. d. capacity of an intersymbol interference (ISI) channel with inputs confined to binary values. We use the low-density-parity-check (LDPC) degree sequences optimization method proposed by Richardson, Shokrollahi and Urbanke (see IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol.47, p.619-37, February 2001) and appropriately modify it for ISI channels.
Altered Language-Related Effective Connectivity in Patients with Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes

Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is one of the most common childhood epilepsy syndromes and may be associated with language deficits. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from a total of 78 children: 52 patients with BECTS (28 drug-naïve and 24 medicated) and 26 healthy controls (HC). Granger causality analysis (GCA) was used to investigate alterations in effective connectivity (EC) between the language network core node (Broca’s area) and the whole brain. EC from Broca’s area to the left Heschl’s gyrus (HG), right putamen, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was significantly increased, while EC from the bilateral putamen and left ACC to Broca’s area was significantly decreased in BECTS. Moreover, altered EC of Broca’s area to the right putamen was significantly positively correlated with verbal IQ (VIQ), while altered EC of Broca’s area to the ACC showed significantly negative correlations with the frequency of seizures. Altered EC from the left putamen to Broca’s area was also significantly negatively correlated with performance IQ (PIQ) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) in the drug-naïve group. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between the EC of Broca’s area to the left HG and the number of seizures, as well as between the EC of Broca’s area to the right putamen and the age at onset in the medicated group. These findings suggest abnormal causal effects on the language network related to Broca’s area in children with BECTS. Longitudinal investigation of language network development and further follow-up may be needed to illuminate the changes in organization and rebalancing over time.
Protoplast Preparation for Algal Single-Cell Omics Sequencing

Single-cell sequencing (SCS) is an evolutionary technique for conducting life science research, providing the highest genome-sale throughput and single-cell resolution and unprecedented capabilities in addressing mechanistic and operational questions. Unfortunately, the current SCS pipeline cannot be directly applied to algal research as algal cells have cell walls, which makes RNA extraction hard for the current SCS platforms. Fortunately, effective methods are available for producing algal protoplasts (cells without cell walls), which can be directly fed into current SCS pipelines. In this review, we first summarize the cell wall structure and chemical composition of algal cell walls, particularly in Chlorophyta, then summarize the advances made in preparing algal protoplasts using physical, chemical, and biological methods, followed by specific cases of algal protoplast production in some commonly used eukaryotic algae. This review provides a timely primer to those interested in applying SCS in eukaryotic algal research.
Effects of Plant Coverage on the Abundance of Adult Mosquitos at an Urban Park

People who take a walk in urban parks, including or adjacent to a water body such as a river, a pond, or a lake, usually suffer from mosquito bites in summer and early autumn. The insects can negatively affect the health and mood of these visitors. Prior studies about the effects of landscape composition on the abundance of mosquitos have usually taken stepwise multiple linear regression protocols to look for the landscape variables that can significantly affect the abundance of mosquitos. However, those studies have largely overlooked the nonlinear effects of landscape plants on the abundance of mosquitos. In the present study, we compared the multiple linear regression (MLR) with the generalized additive model (GAM) based on the trapped mosquito abundance data obtained by using photo-catalytic CO2-baited lamps placed at the Xuanwu Lake Park, a representative subtropical urban scenic spot. We measured the coverage of trees, shrubs, forbs, proportion of hard paving, proportion of water body, and coverage of aquatic plants within a distance of 5 m from each lamp’s location. We found that MLR and GAM both detected the significant influences of the coverage of terrestrial plants on the abundance of mosquitos, but GAM provided a better fit to the observations by relaxing the limitation of the linear relationship hypothesis by MLR. The coverage of trees, shrubs, and forbs accounted for 55.2% of deviance, and the coverage of shrubs had the greatest contribution rate among the three predictors, accounting for 22.6% of the deviance. The addition of the interaction between the coverage of trees and that of shrubs largely enhanced the goodness of fit, and it increased the explained deviance of the GAM from 55.2% to 65.7%. The information in this work can be valuable for the planning and design of landscape plants to reduce the abundance of mosquitos at special urban scenic points.
Angiogenesis regulators S100A4, SPARC and SPP1 correlate with macrophage infiltration and are prognostic biomarkers in colon and rectal cancers

Introduction Increasing evidence suggests that it is necessary to find effective and robust clinically validated prognostic biomarkers that can identify “high-risk” colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Currently, available prognostic factors largely include clinical-pathological parameters and focus on the cancer stage at the time of diagnosis. Among cells of tumor microenvironment (TME) only Immunoscore classifier based on T lymphocytes showed high predictive value. Methods In the present study, we performed the complex analysis of mRNA and protein expression of crucial regulators of tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression, expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs): S100A4, SPP1 and SPARC. Colon and rectal cancer patients were investigated independently and in a combined cohort (CRC). For mRNA expression, we analyzed RNA sequencing data obtained from TCGA (N=417) and GEO (N=92) cohorts of colorectal cancer patients. For protein expression, we performed IHC digital quantification of tumor tissues obtained from 197 patients with CRC treated in the Department of abdominal oncology in Clinics of Tomsk NRMC. Results High S100A4 mRNA expression accurately predicted poor survival for patients with CRC independently of cancer type. SPARC mRNA level was independent prognostic factors for survival in colon but not in rectal cancer. SPP1 mRNA level had significant predictive value for survival in both rectal and colon cancers. Analysis of human CRC tissues revealed that S100A4, SPP1 and SPARC are expressed by stromal compartments, in particular by TAMs, and have a strong correlation with macrophage infiltration. Finally, our results indicate that chemotherapy-based treatment can change the predictive direction of S100A4 for rectal cancer patients. We found that S100A4 stromal levels were higher in patients with better response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, and S100A4 mRNA levels predicted better DFS among non-responders. Discussion These findings can help improve the prognosis of patients with CRC based on S100A4, SPP1 and SPARC expression levels.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES IN REGULATING THE CULTIVATION AND MARKETING OF THE RICE CROP IN IRAQ

This research was aimed to study the results of the application of agricultural legislation and the variables affecting compliance with such legislation, as well as knowing the role of agricultural legislation in supporting the agricultural policy steps in Iraq. The results showed that the variable of providing loans increases the probability of farmers’ commitment to the governmental agricultural plan to a large extent, amounting to about (28.7), and the variable of the sale price of the crop to the state has an impact on the probability of commitment to the plan at a degree of (1.02) greater than the chances of non-compliance with the agricultural plan, as well as the variable value of the returns achieved under The existence of government support to a degree or a fixed rate of (1) in favor of adhering to the agricultural plan. As for the farmers' decision to market their crops to the state, it was found that the most influential variables were the commitment to the agricultural plan, almost six times (6.25), which will increase the probability of marketing the crop to the state compared to the commercial one. The other variable was the provision of loans with a double degree of about (2.72). The research concluded that paying attention to the aspect of financing and providing agricultural loans to farmers will lead to farmers getting rid of the financial restrictions imposed on them by the private sector. Also, the continuation of providing support will lead to an improvement in the level of farm income for farmers and not to search for other means to obtain income and thus adhere to the government legislation drawn up. The research recommended the need to provide government support and use modern technologies to increase production rates and achieve greater returns for farmers, and the presence of a supervisory body working to ensure that farmers do not violate the imposed government legislation.
Investigating multidrug efflux pumps associated with fatty acid salt resistance in Escherichia coli

Fatty acids salts exert bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects that inhibit bacterial growth and survival. However, bacteria can overcome these effects and adapt to their environment. Bacterial efflux systems are associated with resistance to different toxic compounds. Here, several bacterial efflux systems were examined to determine their influence on fatty acid salt resistance in Escherichia coli. Both acrAB and tolC E. coli deletion strains were susceptible to fatty acid salts, while plasmids carrying acrAB, acrEF, mdtABC, or emrAB conferred drug resistance to the ΔacrAB mutant, which indicated complementary roles for these multidrug efflux pumps. Our data exemplify the importance of bacterial efflux systems in E. coli resistance to fatty acid salts.
Evaluation of casein protein transport through surface functionized membranes using irreversible thermodynamics and concentration polarisation model

ABSTRACT Casein is an important protein in the raw milk and many approaches have been established to separate casein to make cheese. This study mainly deals with the analysis of casein protein (19 kDa, pI 4.6) transport characteristics through ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Polysulfone (PS) based polymer membranes are used and modified with polyethylene imine (PEI), polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). The fabricated membranes are characterized by contact angle and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UF process was conducted with a dead-end filtration unit and the volumetric flux and transmission values are recorded and that varies with pressure and pH. The experimental results are explained using the concentration polarization and irreversible thermodynamics model. The characteristics of the transport of casein are determined from the values of the parameters such as the solute concentration near the surface of the membrane [Cm], the solute permeability [Pm], mass transfer coefficient [k], and the reflection coefficient [σ]. From the results, it is concluded that the casein transport through the UF membrane was controlled by convection with decrease in casein rejection. Although, this model predicts the transmission behavior as a function of flux and supports the experimental results for both membranes.
Deep Neural Network-Based Approximate Optimal Tracking for Unknown Nonlinear Systems

The infinite horizon optimal tracking problem is solved for a deterministic, control-affine, unknown nonlinear dynamical system. A deep neural network (DNN) is updated in real time to approximate the unknown nonlinear system dynamics. The developed framework uses a multitimescale concurrent learning-based weight update policy, with which the output layer DNN weights are updated in real time, but the internal DNN features are updated discretely and at a slower timescale (i.e., with batch-like updates). The design of the output layer weight update policy is motivated by a Lyapunov-based analysis, and the inner features are updated according to existing DNN optimization algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the developed technique and compare its performance to existing techniques.