Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Progress in hohlraum physics for the National Ignition Facilitya)

Advances in hohlraums for inertial confinement fusion at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) were made this past year in hohlraum efficiency, dynamic shape control, and hot electron and x-ray preheat control. Recent experiments are exploring hohlraum behavior over a large landscape of parameters by changing the hohlraum shape, gas-fill, and laser pulse. Radiation hydrodynamic modeling, which uses measured backscatter, shows that gas-filled hohlraums utilize between 60% and 75% of the laser power to match the measured bang-time, whereas near-vacuum hohlraums utilize 98%. Experiments seem to be pointing to deficiencies in the hohlraum (instead of capsule) modeling to explain most of the inefficiency in gas-filled targets. Experiments have begun quantifying the Cross Beam Energy Transfer (CBET) rate at several points in time for hohlraum experiments that utilize CBET for implosion symmetry. These measurements will allow better control of the dynamic implosion symmetry for these targets. New techniques are b.
Ginger ring compounds as an inhibitor of spike binding protein of alpha, beta, gamma and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2: An in-silico study

The available drugs against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVOD-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are limited. This study aimed to identify ginger-derived compounds that might neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and prevent its entry into host cells. Ring compounds of ginger were screened against spike (S) protein of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. The S protein FASTA sequence was retrieved from Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID) and converted into “. pdb” format using Open Babel tool. A total of 306 compounds were identified from ginger through food and phyto-databases. Out of those, 38 ring compounds were subjected to docking analysis using CB Dock online program which implies AutoDock Vina for docking. The Vina score was recorded, which reflects the affinity between ligands and receptors. Further, the Protein Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP) program for detecting the type of interaction between ligand-receptor was used. SwissADME was used to compute druglikeness parameters and pharmacokinetics characteristics. Furthermore, energy minimization was performed by using Swiss PDB Viewer (SPDBV) and energy after minimization was recorded. Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to find the stability of protein-ligand complex and root-mean- square deviation (RMSD) as well as root-mean-square fluctuation (RMSF) were calculated and recorded by using myPresto v5.0. Our study suggested that 17 out of 38 ring compounds of ginger were very likely to bind the S protein of SARS-CoV-2. Seventeen out of 38 ring compounds showed high affinity of binding with S protein of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. The RMSD showed the stability of the complex was parallel to the S protein monomer. These computer-aided predictions give an insight into the possibility of ginger ring compounds as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 worthy of in vitro investigations.
Morphing electroadhesive interface to manipulate uncooperative objects

The possibility of handling uncooperative objects, i.e. objects not equipped with any features that can aid their manipulation, is of particular interest for both terrestrial and space robotic applications. In this framework, this paper deals with the development and testing of a smart material substrate, which can be integrated into an end-effector device, where morphing and electro-adhesive capabilities are combined to allow the manipulation of uncooperative objects of different shapes and materials. Compliance and adhesion properties are obtained by creating a conductive pattern of electrodes embodied on the surface of a polymeric substrate. On one hand, the polymeric material, activated by a change in temperature, can adapt to any shape when it is heated, and maintain the deformed shape after being cooled, even when the load is removed, becoming compliant with the objects surface. On the other hand, the conductive pattern is responsible for the adhesive effect: when a high voltage is applied, the electric field generated induces an opposite charge on the objects surface establishing reversible attraction forces. Furthermore, the conductive pattern could be used to activate the morphing behaviour when the manipulator and the target object come into contact. A resistiveelectroadhesive pad is realized and some tests are performed to verify the heating behavior of the electrodes and the electroadhesion forces achievable. Morphing tests are also performed to verify the ability of the polymeric substrate to maintain the deformed shape after cooling.
Data Alignment Design for Robotic Programming by Demonstration Based on IMU and Optical Tracker

This study proposes a data alignment design for sensor fusion of an optical target (OT) and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to track the trajectory of a handheld tool for robot programming by demonstration (PbD). A novel method is proposed for coordinate and temporal alignment between the OT and the IMU sensor to increase tracking accuracy. The IMU measurements are aligned with the corresponding angular velocities and accelerations derived from the OT to calibrate the IMU-OT relationship. Global and local optimizations are combined to reduce the computation time for the temporal alignment and coordinate calibration. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides improved calibration results with shorter calculation time compared with the two existing methods. The sensor fusion experiments verify the accuracy of trajectory tracking of 1.3 mm using the calibration result, an improvement from 1.4 mm of the data alignment using ruler measurement. Integrated PbD experiments using a 6-DOF manipulator were carried out to evaluate the proposed method. The manipulator imitated the hand motion of a bottle transfer task with a trajectory error of 0.66 mm. Practical robotic experiments demonstrate that the method is suitable for robot programming applications.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Receiving the Flu Vaccine with Acute Cerebrovascular Accident and Its Hospitalization in the Elderly

Background and Aims In recent years, various studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with acute cerebrovascular accident or stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly; however, the results of these studies are contradictory. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly. Methods This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between receiving the flu vaccine with stroke and its hospitalization in the elderly during the years 1980 to 2021 which have been published in ISI Web of Science, Scopus PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Embase. All analyses were performed by Stata 15, and the significance level in this study was considered <0.05. Results In the systematic search, 3088 articles were retrieved, considering the study criteria; finally, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Based on the results of the meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of occurrence and hospitalization of stroke compared to the nonvaccinated group in vaccine recipients is equal to 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-0.90, P value ≤ 0.001). Publication bias was not observed in this study (P value = 0.101). Conclusion Getting the flu vaccine can reduce the risk of occurrence and hospitalization of stroke in the elderly by 16% (10%-22%). Therefore, receiving this vaccine as a preventive intervention for stroke in the elderly may be promising.
A note on decentralized integral controllability

A concept of decentralized integral controllability (DIC) defined on a given gain space ϕ is clarified and related to the original definition given by Morari and Zafirou (1989). This leads to a simple proof of the existence of DIC on ϕ from which can be routinely deduced existence conditions for DIC in the sense of Morari and Zafirou.
Herbig-Haro flows near compact reflection nebulae

We have performed an optical CCD imaging survey of star-forming regions identified through compact reflection nebulae and/or embedded IRAS sources in order to search for new Herbig–Haro (HH) flows. Here we present the discovery of hitherto unknown HH objects in seven of these regions. A bright bow shock, HH 461, is found along the axis defined by the previously known HH 164 jet from the luminous young A star LkHα 198. The little-known cometary nebula PP 11, illuminated by the partly embedded IRAS source 03507+3801 in the Perseus clouds, contains an HH object HH 462, found along the symmetry axis of the nebula. A small jet, HH 463, emanates from the recently identified FU Orionis candidate PP 13S, while another HH flow, HH 464/HH 465, appears to originate from the nearby T Tauri star PP 13N. A group of HH objects, HH 466–468, are located around the nebulous young T Tauri binary GK Tau. A well-collimated HH jet and an associated bow shock, HH 470, are found extending from the young nebulous T Tauri star Haro 4-255 in Orion, and a tiny reflection nebula and associated HH object, HH 469, are located close by the deeply embedded Class I source Haro 4-255 FIR. In light of these new HH flows in Haro 4-255, we re-interpret existing 12CO data on this source in terms of two overlapping molecular outflows. The young star LkHα 316 and the nearby IRAS source 05451+0037 in Orion are found to be associated with a cluster of HH objects, HH 471–474. It is likely that a nearby and previously identified HH object, HH 71, also originates in this region. Finally, a chain of HH objects, HH 475, is found near the little-studied compact bipolar reflection nebula PP 95 in the Cygnus clouds. The origin of this HH chain remains unclear, and HH 475 may equally well be driven by one of several luminous massive young stars in the region.
Optimalisasi fitur slide master dan hyperlink Ms. PowerPoint dalam pembuatan media presentasi bagi siswa

Ms. PowerPoint merupakan aplikasi pengolah presentasi yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan bahan ajar bagi guru maupun sebagai tugas presentasi bagi siswa. Saat ini Ms. PowerPoint termasuk dalam materi komputer dasar yang tidak diajarkan sebagai mata pelajaran wajib pada kurikulum SMK jurusan RPL, melainkan terintegrasi dengan mata pelajaran lain. Siswa dianggap telah mahir mengoptimalkan fitur-fitur Ms. PowerPoint seperti slide master dan hyperlink. Kendati demikian, anggapan ini tidak sesuai dengan hasil pre test yang dilakukan. Data hasil pre test menunjukkan 89% siswa menggunakan Ms. Power Point sebagai aplikasi pengolah presentasi, namun hanya 36% siswa yang memiliki pengetahuan pemanfaatan fitur-fitur Ms. PowerPoint. Menyikapi hal tersebut tim pelaksana Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) STMIK Muhammadiyah Paguyangan Brebes melakukan kegiatan pelatihan dengan tujuan melatih siswa membuat media presentasi dengan mengoptimalkan fitur slide master dan hyperlink. Hasil ketercapaian kegiatan pelatihan berdasarkan analisis pre test dan post test menggunakan metode Gain Scores membuktikan bahwa sebanyak 75% siswa mengalami peningkatan kemampuan dengan kriteria tinggi dan 25% siswa dengan kriteria sedang.
Temperature dependence of the threshold current density in InP‐Ga0.28In0.72As0.6P0.4 (λ=1.3 μm) double heterostructure lasers

The experimental threshold current density Jth(T) in InP‐Ga0.28In0. 72As0.6P0. 4(λ=1.3 μm) double heterostructure lasers varies with temperature as exp(T/T0) with T0≂100 K for 100 K <T<250 K and with T≂65 K for 250 K<T<350 K. Numerous mechanisms have been suggested to explain this observed temperature dependence. The temperature dependence of gain gives T0≂100 K for T between 100 and 250 K, and T0≂200 K for T between 250 and 350 K. Inclusion of the temperature dependence of the Auger recombination and carrier concentration at threshold reduces T0 to ∼100 K in the 250 to 350 K temperature range. A leakage current of one‐third of the total current at 300 K is required to reduce T0 to 65 K for 250 K<T<350 K. This leakage current is due to the hot carriers that result from Auger recombination and some of these carriers do not lose sufficient energy by interactions with the lattice to be confined by the heterojunction barriers. Previous experimental measurements found that the leakage current was 10–30% of the t.
Identification of candidate genes for LepR1 resistance against Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus

Utilising resistance (R) genes, such as LepR1, against Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg in canola (Brassica napus), could help manage the disease in the field and increase crop yield. Here we present a genome wide association study (GWAS) in B. napus to identify LepR1 candidate genes. Disease phenotyping of 104 B. napus genotypes revealed 30 resistant and 74 susceptible lines. Whole genome re-sequencing of these cultivars yielded over 3 million high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GWAS in mixed linear model (MLM) revealed a total of 2,166 significant SNPs associated with LepR1 resistance. Of these SNPs, 2108 (97%) were found on chromosome A02 of B. napus cv. Darmor bzh v9 with a delineated LepR1_mlm1 QTL at 15.11-26.08 Mb. In LepR1_mlm1, there are 30 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) (13 nucleotide-binding site-leucine rich repeats (NLRs), 12 receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and 5 transmembrane-coiled-coil (TM-CCs)). Sequence analysis of alleles in resistant and susceptible lines was undertaken to identify candidate genes. This research provides insights into blackleg resistance in B. napus and assists identification of the functional LepR1 blackleg resistance gene.
Problems of Gravitational Stability in the Presence of a Magnetic Field

In this paper a number of problems are considered which are related to the gravitational stability of cosmical masses of infinite electrical conductivity in which there is a prevalent magnetic field. In Section I the virial theorem is extended to include the magnetic terms in the equations of motion, and it is shown that when the magnetic energy exceeds the numerical value of the gravitational potential energy, the configuration becomes dynamically unstable. It is suggested that the relatively long periods of the magnetic variables may be due to the magnetic energy of these stars approaching the limit set by the virial theorem. In Section II the adiabatic radial pulsations of an infinite cylinder along the axis of which a magnetic field is acting is considered. An explicit expression for the period is obtained. Section III is devoted to an investigation of the stability for transverse oscillations of an infinite cylinder of incompressible fluid when there is a uniform magnetic field acting in the direction of the axis. It is shown that the cylinder is unstable for all periodic deformations of the boundary with wave lengths exceeding a certain critical value, depending on the strength of the field. The wave length of maximum instability is also determined. It is found that the magnetic field has a stabilizing effect both in increasing the wave length of maximum instability and in prolonging the time needed for the instability to manifest itself. For a cylinder of radius R = 250 parsecs and p = 2 × 10-24 gm/cm3 a magnetic field in excess of 7 × l0-6 gauss effectively removes the instability. In Section IV it is shown that a fluid sphere with a uniform magnetic field inside and a dipole field outside is not a configuration of equilibrium and that it will tend to become oblate by contracting in the direction of the field. Finally, in Section V the gravitational instability of an infinite homogeneous medium in the presence of a magnetic field is considered, and it is shown that jeans's condition is unaffected by the presence of the field.
Reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate during puberty in GH-treated children born small for gestational age are associated with prematurity and low birth weight, not the dosage of GH treatment

Abstract. GH treatment has been widely utilized for short-statured children born small for gestational age (SGA). Although SGA children are at a higher risk of renal dysfunction, the effect of GH treatment on renal function is still unclear. We have previously shown that GH treatment is not associated with renal dysfunction during the prepubertal period; however, its effect during the pubertal period has not been investigated. Accordingly, we herein retrospectively investigated creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in 26 short-statured children born SGA during puberty, defined as the period between the onset of puberty and cessation of GH treatment, and their association with parameters at birth and GH treatment. We found that eGFR did not decrease during the pubertal period; however, gestational week and birth weight were negatively and significantly correlated with percentage decrease in eGFR during the pubertal period. The percentage decrease in eGFR did not correlate with changes in the insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score or average weekly GH dose. In conclusion, GH treatment was not associated with a reduction in eGFR in short-statured SGA children during puberty. Since low birth weight and prematurity were associated with reductions in eGFR during puberty, monitoring for renal function was mandatory regardless of GH treatment in short-statured children born SGA.
The Formation of Massive Stars. I. High-Resolution Millimeter and Radio Studies of High-Mass Protostellar Candidates

We used the Owens Valley Millimeter Array and the Very Large Array to obtain interferometric maps at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths in both the continuum and various lines [HCO+ (1-0), H13CO+ (1-0), SiO (v = 0, J = 2-1) and H13CN (1-0)] toward a sample of 11 high-mass protostellar candidates. These sources are known from a previous study to be associated with dense gas and dust and to not be associated with H II regions. All 11 sources were detected in HCO+ (1-0), nine in the millimeter continuum and five (of eight observed) in the centimeter continuum. The derived physical parameters confirm the high-mass nature of these molecular clumps and suggest they are gravitationally bound. Molecular outflows were detected toward six sources, with flow masses and momenta much higher than in low-mass young stellar objects. In many of the sources the molecular emission is organized in substructures, resolved both spatially and in velocity. We find that the sources may be characterized by their degree of fragmentation, turbulence, and outflow activity, with the sample dividing into two groups: group 1 cores have multiple peaks but with a clearly dominant component and larger line widths and are systematically associated with outflows, while group 2 cores have several comparable subentities, smaller line widths, and no association with outflows. We speculate that more massive cores may form from smaller cores via coalescence or competitive accretion. Even conservative estimates of outflow mass-loss rates, however, indicate that accretion is the dominant process in the later formation of massive protostars from such cores. We find a flattening of the outflow mass spectra with increasing flow velocities, at variance with previous studies that suggest a steepening with increasing flow velocities. In the light of this result we suggest a reevaluation of the wide-angle wind momentum-driven flow models to describe the acceleration of outflows in the earliest stages of massive star formation.
Bacteriophage T4 Head: Structure, Assembly, and Genome Packaging

Bacteriophage (phage) T4 has served as an extraordinary model to elucidate biological structures and mechanisms. Recent discoveries on the T4 head (capsid) structure, portal vertex, and genome packaging add a significant body of new literature to phage biology. Head structures in unexpanded and expanded conformations show dramatic domain movements, structural remodeling, and a ~70% increase in inner volume while creating high-affinity binding sites for the outer decoration proteins Soc and Hoc. Small changes in intercapsomer interactions modulate angles between capsomer planes, leading to profound alterations in head length. The in situ cryo-EM structure of the symmetry-mismatched portal vertex shows the remarkable structural morphing of local regions of the portal protein, allowing similar interactions with the capsid protein in different structural environments. Conformational changes in these interactions trigger the structural remodeling of capsid protein subunits surrounding the portal vertex, which propagate as a wave of expansion throughout the capsid. A second symmetry mismatch is created when a pentameric packaging motor assembles at the outer “clip” domains of the dodecameric portal vertex. The single-molecule dynamics of the packaging machine suggests a continuous burst mechanism in which the motor subunits adjusted to the shape of the DNA fire ATP hydrolysis, generating speeds as high as 2000 bp/s.
Recovery of Fatty Acid and Volatile Flavor Compound Composition in Farmed Tiger Puffer (Takifugu rubripes) with a Fish Oil-Finishing Strategy

Booming fish farming results in a relative shortage of fish oil (FO) supply, meaning that alternative oils are increasingly used in fish feeds, which leads to reduction of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and other relevant changes in fish products. This study investigated the efficacy of an FO-finishing strategy in recovering the muscle quality of farmed tiger puffer. An eight-week feeding trial (growing-out period) was conducted with five experimental diets, in which graded levels (0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100%) of added FO were replaced by poultry oil (PO). Following the growing-out period was a four-week FO-finishing period, during which fish in all groups were fed the control diet. Dietary PO significantly decreased the muscle LC-PUFA content, whereas in general, the FO-finishing strategy recovered it to a level comparable with that of the group fed FO continuously. The recovery efficiency of EPA was higher than that of DHA. Dietary PO also led to changes of volatile flavor compounds in the muscle, such as butanol, pentenal, and hexenal, whereas the FO-finishing strategy mitigated the changes. In conclusion, the FO-finishing strategy is promising in recovering the LC-PUFA and volatile-flavor-compound composition in farmed tiger puffer after the feeding of PO-based diets.
No-tillage participatory quality index reflects the condition of soil management

- Conservation agriculture is fundamental for improving agricultural sustainability. However, the quality of soil management in conservation agriculture systems is highly variable. The goal of this study was to verify whether a no-tillage participatory quality index (PQI) is associated with the physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes of soil. Thus, we sought to validate its use as an indicator of soil management quality. A survey was conducted to assess the agricultural practices of farmers from the western mesoregion of the state of Paraná, Brazil to evaluate the PQI. The quality of soil management for annual crops was related to the PQI, as evidenced by its association with soil physical, chemical, and microbiological attributes. These results confirmed the usefulness of the PQI methodology as a tool for assessing the quality of soil management, demonstrating its sensitivity to short-term changes in management practices. Consequently, this may allow for the monitoring of management quality and inferences about the beneficial effects of the implemented practices.