Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reprogrammed to Enable Microbial Killing by Helminth Infection Can Be Alternatively Activated Macrophages Elicited

The prime function of classically activated macrophages (activated by Th1-type signals, such as IFN- (cid:1) ) is microbial de-struction. Alternatively activated macrophages (activated by Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13) play important roles in allergy and responses to helminth infection. We utilize a murine model of ﬁlarial infection, in which adult nematodes are surgically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice , as an in vivo source of alternatively activated macrophages. At 3 wk postinfection, the peritoneal exudate cell population is dominated by macrophages, termed nematode-elicited macrophages (NeM (cid:2) ), that display IL-4-dependent features such as the expression of arginase 1, RELM- (cid:3) (resistin-like molecule (cid:3) ), and Ym1. Since increasing evidence suggests that macrophages show functional adaptivity, the response of NeM (cid:2) to proinﬂammatory Th1-activating signals was investigated to determine whether a switch between alternative and classical activation could occur in macrophages differentiated in an in vivo infection setting. Despite the long-term exposure to Th2 cytokines and antiinﬂammatory signals in vivo, we found that NeM (cid:2) were not terminally differentiated but could develop a more classically activated phenotype in response to LPS and IFN- (cid:1) . This was reﬂected by a switch in the enzymatic pathway for arginine metabolism from arginase to inducible NO synthase and the reduced expression of RELM- (cid:3) and Ym1. Further-more, this enabled NeM (cid:2) to become antimicrobial, as LPS/IFN- (cid:1) -treated NeM (cid:2) produced NO that mediated killing
The Influence of Capital Structure, Profitability, Liquidity, Ownership Structure, and Firm Size on Firm Value

The objective of the research was to find out the influence of capital structure, profitability, liquidity, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and firm size on firm value. The research used associative causal method. The population was 39 Firms of consumption goods industry listed in the Indonesia stock Exchange in the period of 2013-2016, and 21 of them were used as the samples, taken by using purposive sampling technique. Hypothesis was tasted by using multiple linear regression analysis. The result of the research showed that capital structure, profitability, liquidity, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and firm size had positive and significant influence on firm value, while institutional ownership had positive but insignificant influence on firm value.
MODEL AVERAGING IN RISK MANAGEMENT WITH AN APPLICATION TO FUTURES MARKETS

This paper considers the problem of model uncertainty in the case of multi-asset volatility models and discusses the use of model averaging techniques as a way of dealing with the risk of inadvertently using false models in portfolio management. Evaluation of volatility models is then considered and a simple Value-at-Risk (VaR) diagnostic test is proposed for individual as well as ‘average’ models. The asymptotic as well as the exact finite-sample distribution of the test statistic, dealing with the possibility of parameter uncertainty, are established. The model averaging idea and the VaR diagnostic tests are illustrated by an application to portfolios of daily returns on six currencies, four equity indices, four ten year government bonds and four commodities over the period 1991-2007. The empirical evidence supports the use of ‘thick’ model averaging strategies over single models or Bayesian type model averaging procedures. JEL Code: C32, C52, C53, G11.
Does a Returning Brand Bring Back Bad Memories ? An Empirical Model and Analysis of Firms ’ Reentry Strategy post a Product-Harm Crisis

This article proposes and estimates an empirical model for firms’ reentry timing strategy after a product recall following a product-harm crisis. Specifically, it looks into whether and how consumers discount negative information differently before and after the reentry of the recalled product and how the evolution of consumer preference affects a firm’s decision on when to reenter the market. Counterfactual analysis based on the estimation results is conducted and implications on crisis management for firms are generated. This is the Pre-Published Version
. (2016) On detectable and meaningful speech-intelligibility benefits. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 894 . pp. 447-455

The most important parameter that affects the ability to hear and understand speech in the presence of background noise is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Despite decades of research in speech intelligibility, it is not currently known how much improvement in SNR is needed to provide a meaningful benefit to someone. We propose that the underlying psychophysical basis to a meaningful benefit should be the just noticeable difference (JND) for SNR. The SNR JND was measured in a series of experiments using both adaptive and fixed-level procedures across participants of varying hearing ability. The results showed an average SNR JND of approximately 3 dB for sentences in same-spectrum noise. The role of the stimulus and link to intelligibility was examined by measuring speech-intelligibility psychometric functions and comparing the intelligibility JND estimated from those functions with measured SNR JNDs. Several experiments were then conducted to establish a just meaningful difference (JMD) for SNR. SNR changes that could induce intervention-seeking behaviour for an individual were measured with subjective scaling and report, using the same stimuli as the SNR JND experiment as pre-and post-benefit examples. The results across different rating and willingness-to-change tasks showed that the mean ratings increased near linearly with a change in SNR
University of Birmingham Hippocampal 5HT7 receptors signal phosphorylation of the GluA1 subunit to facilitate AMPA receptor mediatedneurotransmission in vitro and in vivo

Citation for published version (Harvard): Carboni, L, Grafton, G, Jeggo, R, Whyment, AD, van den Top, M, Hoyer, D, Spanswick, D, Barnes, NM & Andreetta, F 2016, 'Hippocampal 5HT7 receptors signal phosphorylation of the GluA1 subunit to facilitate AMPA receptor mediatedneurotransmission in vitro and in vivo', British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 173, no. 9, pp. 1438–1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.13432
Temporal and Spatial Resolution of Type I and III Interferon Responses In Vivo (cid:1) §

Although the action of interferons (IFNs) has been extensively studied in vitro , limited information is available on the spatial and temporal activation pattern of IFN-induced genes in vivo . We created BAC transgenic mice expressing ﬁreﬂy luciferase under transcriptional control of the Mx2 gene promoter. Expres- sion of the reporter with regard to onset and kinetics of induction parallels that of Mx2 and is thus a hallmark for the host response. Substantial constitutive expression of the reporter gene was observed in the liver and most other tissues of transgenic mice, whereas this expression was strongly reduced in animals lacking functional type I IFN receptors. As expected, the reporter gene was induced not only in response to type I ( (cid:1) and (cid:2) ) and type III ( (cid:3) ) IFNs but also in response to a variety of IFN inducers such as double-stranded RNA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and viruses. In vivo IFN subtypes show clear differences with respect to their kinetics of action and to their spatial activation pattern: while the type I IFN response was strong in liver, spleen, and kidney, type III IFN reactivity was most prominent in organs with mucosal surfaces. Infection of reporter mice with virus strains that differ in their pathogenicity shows that the IFN response is signiﬁcantly altered in the strength of IFN action at sites which are not primarily infected as well as by the onset and duration of gene induction.
Does Political Connection Impact the Firm Performance?

The crucial role of every firm to enhance the profit and make a good reputation in the corporate world. All the previous evidence elucidates prove that political connections have the main role to eradicate the market competition and speculations. These are considered are known as a dominant player in the area of business. Most of the researchers argue that these are a degree of the intense growth of corporations. Arguably, it is the unique opportunity to raise capital of the corporations. All these evidence prove that political connections are considered unanimously support for increasing the performance. Prior researchers prove that it is most conspicuously way to forgo enhance the progress. They can gain lucrative contracts to enhance firms. Sometimes, it is a glimmer of hope that in the future, these will be beneficial rather than others peer.
Distinct anaerobic bacterial consumers of cellobiose-derived carbon in boreal fens 1 differing in CH 4 vs. CO 2 production ratio 2

Northern peatlands in general have high methane (CH 4 ) emissions, but individual peatlands show 20 considerable variation as CH 4 sources. Particularly in nutrient poor peatlands, CH 4 production can be 21 low and exceeded by carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) production from unresolved anaerobic processes. To clarify 22 the role anaerobic bacterial degraders play in this variation, we compared consumers of cellobiose- 23 derived carbon in two fens differing in nutrient status and the ratio of CH 4 and CO 2 produced. After 24 [ 13 C]cellobiose amendment, the mesotrophic fen produced equal amounts of CH 4 and CO 2 . The 25 oligotrophic fen had lower CH 4 production but produced 3-59 times more CO 2 than CH 4 . RNA stable 26 isotope probing revealed that in the mesotrophic fen with higher CH 4 production cellobiose-derived 27 carbon was mainly assimilated by various recognized fermenters of Firmicutes and by Proteobacteria . 28 The oligotrophic peat with excess CO 2 production revealed a wider variety of cellobiose-C consumers 29 including Firmicutes and Proteobacteria but additionally more unconventional degraders, such as 30 Telmatobacter -related Acidobacteria and subphylum 3 of Verrucomicrobia . Prominent and potentially 31 fermentative Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi did not appear to process cellobiose-C. Our results show 32 that anaerobic degradation resulting in different levels of CH 4 production can involve distinct sets of 33 bacterial degraders. By distinguishing cellobiose degraders from the total community, this study 34 contributes to defining anaerobic bacteria that process cellulose-derived carbon in peat. Several of the 35 identified degraders, particularly fermenters and potential Fe(III) or humic substance reducers in the 36 oligotrophic peat, represent promising candidates for resolving the origin of excess CO 2 production in 37 peatlands.
On conservation of the of crystal lattice symmetry in transition at Curie point in exchange magnets

We show that symmetry of the crystal lattice of exchange magnets (containing only 3d magneto-active elements) does not change at the Curie point; only the magnetic symmetry of the crystal is decreasing in the transition point. In the non-exchange magnets (containing only rare-earth magneto-active elements), on the contrary, both the magnetic and crystal-chemical symmetry decrease at the Curie point. There is isotropic magnetic phase in exchange magnets; and their magnetic symmetry is described by color groups of magnetic symmetry of P-type. Non-exchange magnets do not have isotropic phase; their symmetry is described by color groups of magnetic symmetry of Q-type.
M. J. (2016). Origins of Biodiversity. PLoS Biology , 14 (11),

Biodiversity today is huge, and it has a long history. Identifying rules for the heterogeneity of modern biodiversity—the high to low species richness of different clades—has been hard. There are measurable biodiversity differences between land and sea and between the tropics and temperate-polar regions. Some analyses suggest that the net age of a clade can determine its extinction risk, but this is equivocal. New work shows that, through geological time, clades pass through different diversification regimes, and those regimes con-strain the balance of tree size and the nature of branching events. Biodiversity is commonly understood as the number of species on Earth, sometimes more exactly termed “global species richness. ” To understand modern biodiversity, it would be inter-esting to determine whether there are any “rules” or, at least, broad principles. Why, for exam-ple, are some groups, such as beetles or birds, so rich in species, whereas others, such as apes and ginkgos, are not? Are there any characteristics that increase or decrease the risk of extinction? What is the balance of innate characteristics, such as innovations, and external drivers, such as climate change, in determining the fates of species and larger groups?
ASSOCIATION FOR CONSUMER RESEARCH Why Different Positive Emotions Have Different Effects: an Evolutionary Approach to Discrete Positive Emotions and Processing of Persuasive Messages

Much research has found that positive affect facilitates increased reliance on heuristics. However, evolutionary theories focusing on distinct evolutionary fitness-enhancing functions of positive emotions predict important differences among different positive states. Two experiments investigated how four positive emotions influenced the processing of persuasive messages. Results showed that amusement and enthusiasm facilitated more heuristic processing, consistent with previous research. However, the positive emotions of awe and nurturant love produced more systematic processing consistent with predictions from our model. Mediation analyses suggested that the effects distinguishing different positive emotions from a neutral condition were best accounted for by different mediators, rather than by a common mediator. might different types (flavors) of positive emotions in in and and ways stereotyping and processing; Pham, to little these effects may vary system-atically across different positive emotions. papers in this investigate how and why different positive emotions influence consumer behavior in distinct ways. appraisal, more researchers assumed to date. present develop theory to explore why specific positive emotions uniquely impact consumers’ judgments and behaviors a range of consumption contexts researchers. Cavanaugh, that dimensions of emotional appraisal to how specific positive emotions broaden consumers’ thought-action repertoires in unique ways. They dissociations among positive emotions characterized by problem-solving (e.g., social connection (e.g., love and gratitude), and control (e.g., pride) appraisals using both manipulated and measured emotions. of positive differentially behaviors
Improvement of on-wafer measurement accuracy with RF signal detection technique at millimetre-wave frequencies

The study proposes an innovative method of improving calibration reproducibility in on-wafer measurements. First, an uncertainty analysis was conducted on a measurement system. Based on the analysis results, the probe positional error in the X, Y, and Z axes was considered the dominant error factor. In the proposed calibration process, the positions of the contact probes are adjusted in relation to defined origin coordinates that establish the electrical centre of the thru standard. Standard deviations of the measurements of short, load, and thru devices were significantly decreased using the proposed calibration system, indicating significant improvement in the stability of the calibration process. The proposed method also demonstrated the improvement of calibration reproducibility in a 75 Ω mismatched line device, compared to calibrations using conventional processes. The proposed calibration process is expected to contribute to eliminating operator dependence due to variation in the probe position in on-wafer measurements, and can potentially be applied to evaluations of a wide variety of planar circuits.
The failure to establish midline body pattern and left-right asymmetry properly is an important cause of congenital malformations. These defects are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality secondary to complex congenital heart defects (CHD), immune dysfunction caused by abnormalities

The failure to establish midline body pattern and left-right asymmetry properly is an important cause of congenital malformations. These defects are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality secondary to complex congenital heart defects (CHD), immune dysfunction caused by abnormalities of spleen position or number, gut malrotation, and midline central nervous system (CNS) defects. ZIC3 was the first gene identified to have a causal role in defects of human laterality. Loss-of-function mutations in ZIC3 cause HTX1, which results in heterotaxy or situs ambiguus, the aberrant positioning of internal organs with respect to each other and the left-right (LR) axis. Carrier females who are heterozygous for a ZIC3 mutation are clinically unaffected although a subset has situs inversus, the mirror image reversal of internal anatomy (Casey et al., 1993; Gebbia et al., 1997). The molecular pathways required for correct LR axis specification and formation have been examined in different model organisms including Xenopus, chick, zebrafish and mouse (reviewed by Harvey, 1998; Burdine and Schier, 2000; Capdevila et al., 2000; Casey and Hackett, 2000). Pathways of asymmetric gene expression resulting in a cascade of lateralized signals that specify morphological asymmetry have been elucidated. This asymmetric gene expression is initiated at the node, or organizer, and occurs well before the first morphological sign of asymmetry, the rightward looping of the embryonic heart tube. These pathways appear to be conserved across species although the function of individual genes in the g neration of LR asymmetry may be species specific. There are at least three major processes involved in establishment of the LR axis: (1) node-dependent symmetry breaking; (2) establishment of the embryonic midline (notochord and ventral floorplate); and (3) nodal-dependent signaling in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Failure in any of these processes will result in disturbances of laterality, including the complete reversal of left-right anatomy (situs inversus) or randomization of organ position (situs ambiguus). Generally, situs inversus is believed to arise as a result of an early event in which either the specification of asymmetry or orientation of the LR axis with respect to anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes is disrupted. Examples 2293 Development 129, 2293-2302 (2002) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 DEV14525
Face Resolution Enhancement Using Artificial Bee Colony

The existing adaptive shock filter based algorithm generate resolution enhanced images with constant values and random number of iterations for all images. Here, a useful application of artificial bee colony to find the optimistic adjustment factor for DWT and adaptive shock filter for face resolution enhancement as well as super-resolution is implemented to find the solution to that problem. The guided image filter is used in order to preserve edges in a more optimistic manner. The importance of this paper is to consider the effect of noise and edge preservation.
a GSH transferase/peroxidase essential for development and hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.

We show for the ﬁ rst time that, in contrast to other glutathione transferases and peroxidases, deletion of mi- crosomal glutathione transferase 1 (MGST1) in mice is embryonic lethal. To elucidate why, we used zebra ﬁ sh development as a model system and found that knockdown of MGST1 produced impaired hematopoiesis. We show that MGST1 is expressed early during zebra ﬁ sh development and plays an important role in hematopoiesis. High expression of MGST1 was detected in regions of active hematopoiesis and co-expressed with markers for hematopoietic stem cells. Further, morpholino-mediated knock-down of MGST1 led to a signi ﬁ cant reduction of di ﬀ erentiated hematopoietic cells both from the myeloid and the lymphoid lineages. In fact, hemoglobin was virtually absent in the knock-down ﬁ sh as revealed by diamino ﬂ uorene staining. The impact of MGST1 on hematopoiesis was also shown in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) isolated from mice, where it was expressed at high levels. Upon promoting HSPC di ﬀ erentiation, lentiviral shRNA MGST1 knockdown signi ﬁ cantly reduced di ﬀ erentiated, dedicated cells of the hematopoietic system. Further, MGST1 knockdown re- sulted in a signi ﬁ cant lowering of mitochondrial metabolism and an induction of glycolytic enzymes, energetic states closely coupled to HSPC dynamics. Thus, the non-selenium, glutathione dependent redox regulatory en- zyme MGST1 is crucial for embryonic development and for hematopoiesis in vertebrates.
Association of ow rate of prehospital oxygen administration and clinical outcomes in severe traumatic brain injury

Won Pyo Hong Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute Laboratory of Emergency Medical Services Ki Jeong Hong (  emkjhong@gmail.com ) Seoul National University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-00033334-817X Sang Do Shin Seoul National University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Kyoung Jun Song Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Tae Han Kim Seoul National University Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Jeong Ho Park Seoul National University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Young Sun Ro Seoul National University Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Seung Chul Lee Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Chu Hyun Kim Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine
Design and Performance of Wide Band TEM Mode Directional Coupler using CST MWS

This paper presents the design of TEM mode directional coupler using CST MWS software which is very excellent in performance. The proposed design can be simulated using innovating technique such as using patch on substrate without any ground or said as single layer directional coupler. The return loss is better than 20dB. The coupling is 10 dB which is very excellent in coupling point of view and the insertion loss is very less approximate near to 0.1dB.
Inferring Activities from Social Media Data

Social media produce an unprecedented amount of information that can be extracted and used in transportation research, with one of the most promising areas being the inference of individuals’ activities. Whereas most studies in the literature focus on the direct use of social media data, this study presents an efficient framework that follows a user-centric approach for the inference of users’ activities from social media data. The framework was applied to data from Twitter, combined with inferred data from Foursquare that contains information about the type of location visited. The users’ data were then classified with a density-based spatial classification algorithm that allows for the definition of commonly visited locations, and the individual-based data were augmented with the known activity definition from Foursquare. On the basis of the known activities and the Twitter text, a set of classification algorithms was applied for the inference of activities. The results are discussed according to the types of activities recognized and the classification performance. The classification results allow for a wide application of the framework in the exploration of the activity space of individuals.