Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey - X. Evidence for a bimodal distribution of rotational velocities for the single early B-type stars

Aims. Projected rotational velocities (ve sini) have been estimated for 334 targets in the VLT-FLAMES Tarantula Survey that do not manifest significant radial velocity variations and are not supergiants. They have spectral types from approximately O9.5 to B3. The estimates have been analysed to infer the underlying rotational velocity distribution, which is critical for understanding the evolution of massive stars. Methods. Projected rotational velocities were deduced from the Fourier transforms of spectral lines, with upper limits also being obtained from profile fitting. For the narrower lined stars, metal and non-diffuse helium lines were adopted, and for the broader lined stars, both non-diffuse and diffuse helium lines; the estimates obtained using the different sets of lines are in good agreement. The uncertainty in the mean estimates is typically 4% for most targets. The iterative deconvolution procedure of Lucy has been used to deduce the probability density distribution of the rotational velocities. Results. Projected rotational velocities range up to approximately 450 km s −1 and show a bi-modal structure. This is also present in the inferred rotational velocity distribution with 25% of the sample having 0 ≤ ve ≤ 100 km s −1 and the high velocity component having ve ∼ 250 km s −1 . There is no evidence from the spatial and radial velocity distributions of the two components that they represent either field and cluster populations or different episodes of star formation. Be-type stars have also been identified. Conclusions. The bi-modal rotational velocity distribution in our sample resembles that found for late-B and early-A type stars. While magnetic braking appears to be a possible mechanism for producing the low-velocity component, we can not rule out alternative explanations.
Hibikino-Musashi@Home 2020 Team Description Paper

Our team, Hibikino-Musashi@Home (HMA), was founded in 2010. It is based in Japan in the Kitakyushu Science and Research Park. Since 2010, we have annually participated in the RoboCup@Home Japan Open competition in the open platform league (OPL). We participated as an open platform league team in the 2017 Nagoya RoboCup competition and as a domestic standard platform league (DSPL) team in the 2017 Nagoya, 2018 Montreal, and 2019 Sydney RoboCup competitions. We also participated in the World Robot Challenge (WRC) 2018 in the service-robotics category of the partner-robot challenge (real space) and won first place. Currently, we have 20 members from eight different laboratories within the Kyushu Institute of Technology. In this paper, we introduce the activities that have been performed by our team and the technologies that we use.
Galactic Archaeology with asteroseismology and spectroscopy: Red giants observed by CoRoT and APOGEE

With the advent of the space missions CoRoT and Kepler, it has become feasible to determine precise asteroseismic masses and ages for large samples of red-giant stars. In this paper, we present the CoRoGEE dataset -- obtained from CoRoT lightcurves for 606 red giant stars in two fields of the Galactic disc which have been co-observed for an ancillary project of APOGEE. We have used the Bayesian parameter estimation code PARAM to calculate distances, extinctions, masses, and ages for these stars in a homogeneous analysis, resulting in relative statistical uncertainties of $\sim2\%$ in distance, $\sim4\%$ in radius, $\sim9\%$ in mass and $\sim25\%$ in age. We also assess systematic age uncertainties due to different input physics and mass loss. We discuss the correlation between ages and chemical abundance patterns of field stars over a large radial range of the Milky Way's disc (5 kpc $<R_{\rm Gal}<$ 14 kpc), focussing on the [$\alpha$/Fe]-[Fe/H]-age plane in five radial bins of the Galactic disc. We find an overall agreement with the expectations of chemical-evolution models computed before the present data were available, especially for the outer regions. However, our data also indicate that a significant fraction of stars now observed near and beyond the Solar Neighbourhood migrated from inner regions. Mock CoRoGEE observations of a chemo-dynamical Milky Way disc model show that the number of high-metallicity stars in the outer disc is too high to be accounted for even by the strong radial mixing present in the model. The mock observations also reveal that the age distribution of the [$\alpha$/Fe]-enhanced sequence in the CoRoGEE inner-disc field is much broader than expected from a combination of radial mixing and observational errors. We suggest that a thick disc/bulge component that formed stars for more than 3 Gyr may account for these discrepancies.
Hydrothermal alteration of felsic volcanic rocks at the Helen siderite deposit, Wawa, Ontario

Within the footwall volcanic sequence five chemically and mineralogically distinct alteration types have been defined: least altered, sericite, chlorite, chloritoid, and ankerite. An alteration model is proposed in which shallow circulating seawater (1-3 km), heated by a subvolcanic intrusion, encountered rocks of felsic composition within the upper part of the volcanic succession. Seawater-rock reactions evolved an acidic, potassium-rich solution which migrated upward, reacting with overlying felsic rocks, converting plagioclase to sericite and quartz. Porosity of the altered rocks decreased and a widespread sericitic alteration zone formed. At depths greater than 3 km, circulating seawater came into contact with basaltic rocks and ensuing reactions enriched the seawater in Fe, Mg, Mn, Ca, and CO 2 . This second hydrothermal solution moved upward and encountered sericite-rich rocks. Near the sea floor, boiling of the solution and/or mixing with relatively cold seawater rapidly decreased CO 2 solubility causing mass precipitation of iron carbonate. This led to the formation of the ankerite assemblage in the immediate footwall rocks and the siderite iron-formation on the sea floor. --Modified journal abstract.
Upper Tag Ontology (UTO) For Integrating Social Tagging Data

Data integration and mediation have become central concerns of information technology over the past few decades. With the advent of the Web and the rapid increases in the amount of data and the number of Web documents and users, researchers have focused on enhancing the interoperability of data through the development of metadata schemes. Other researchers have looked to the wealth of metadata generated by bookmarking sites on the Social Web. While several existing ontologies capitalize on the semantics of metadata created by tagging activities, the Upper Tag Ontology (UTO) emphasizes the structure of tagging activities to facilitate modeling of tagging data and the integration of data from different bookmarking sites as well as the alignment of tagging ontologies. UTO is described and its utility in harvesting, modeling, integrating, searching and analyzing data is demonstrated with metadata harvested from three major social tagging systems (Delicious, Flickr and YouTube).
Mathematical structure derived from the q-multinomial coefficient in Tsallis statistics

We present the conclusive mathematical structure behind Tsallis statistics. We obtain mainly the following five theoretical results: (i) the one-to-one correspondence between the q-multinomial coefficient and Tsallis entropy, (ii) symmetry behind Tsallis statistics, (iii) the numerical computations revealing the existence of the central limit theorem in Tsallis statistics, (iv) Pascal's triangle in Tsallis statistics and its properties, (v) the self-similarity of the q-product $\otimes_{q}$ leading to successful applications in Tsallis statistics. In particular, the third result (iii) provides us with a mathematical representation of a convincible answer to the physical problem: "Why so many power-law behaviors exist in nature universally ? "
The correction of stratigraphic sections for tectonic finite strain in the Bygdin area, Norway

The deformed sediments beneath the Jotun Nappe were folded and then shortened vertically to produce the main cleavage. All the measurements from the Bygdin Conglomerate (Hossack 1968a) have been recalculated using harmonic means (Lisle 1977) to get a better estimate of the conglomerate strain. The symmetry of this strain varies locally, but the regional strain can be estimated by integrating the extensions along finite strain trajectories. The minimum value of the integrated conglomerate strain consisted of 65 per cent vertical shortening, a transverse NW elongation of 160 per cent, and a NE elongation of 11 per cent along the Caledonian strike. The vertical shortening is the most constant strain, whereas the NW elongation varies between 390 per cent and 115 per cent. The early folding is estimated to have consisted of 26 per cent shortening along the bedding with 35 per cent extension normal to the bedding. The folding and the integrated strains have been combined in the simplest manner and it is estimated that the present stratigraphic thicknesses have to be multiplied by 2.15 to calculate their original thicknesses. The positions of the nappes before thrusting have also been estimated using the folding and the integrated strains. The Jotun Nappe has a minimum displacement of 290 km and the lower nappes have been thrust for distance between 100 km and 270 km.
Time domain reflectometry for water content and density of soils: study of soil-dependent calibration constants

The paper studies the soil-dependent calibration constants used for determining water content and density of soil using time domain reflectometry (TDR), specifically, to establish the typical soil calibration values and study the extent of the uncertainty in calibration factors on measurement accuracy. The TDR method described here makes use of a calibration equation normalized by soil dry density, which involves two soil-dependent constants, a and b. Both a and b have physical significance, with the value of a related to the apparent dielectric constant of the dry density – normalized dry soil solids and the value of b related to the apparent dielectric constant of the pore fluid. From theoretical predictions, typical values of a are around 1.0, and typical values of b are around 9. Practically, the constants a and b are obtained through calibration tests performed in conjunction with standard compaction tests. Experimental study shows that calibration constants fall within the ranges from theoretical pr.
Monitoring snow area and depth with integration of remote sensing and GIS

Abstract This article reports recent progress in monitoring snow area and snow depth over the U.K. using NOAA AVHRR data. A series of transportable programmes have been developed and updated for data calibration and navigation. The establishment of a database registered to the British National Grid enables the generation of subsequent thematic overlays for any selected area. Results of snow area mapping and estimation have been validated by means of high-resolution Landsal TM data and data from U.K. Meteorological Office Snow Survey Reports. Assignment of snow depth values has also been attempted. The integration of remote sensing and GIS has facilitated the work, and will be further deployed.
Nurturing university students to be social entrepreneurs: relevance of service leadership education

Abstract When the concept of social entrepreneurship becomes more popular, many universities explicitly claim that they wish to nurture social entrepreneurs. In this paper, the concept of social entrepreneurship and the successful attributes of social entrepreneurs are outlined. With reference to the question of how university students can be nurtured to be social entrepreneurs, it is suggested that the service leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management is a good framework to be considered. In the framework, it is asserted that there are three attributes of a successful service leader – leadership competence, moral character, and caring dispositions. In this study, the experience of implementing a credit-bearing subject based on the service leadership model at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University is highlighted.
North-south extension within the convergent Himalayan region

Recent work by Burg et al. (1984) indicates the presence of east-west-striking, gently north-dipping normal faults in the Higher Himalayas and southern Tibet that formed during postcollisional convergence of India and Tibet. These faults extend for at least 800 km along strike. We interpret these normal faults as probable late(? ) Miocene extensional features with perhaps several tens of kilometres of down-to-the-north displacement. A simple elastic model suggests that these normal faults may have formed during gravitational collapse of the Miocene topographic front between India and Tibet. In this interpretation, gravitational collapse occurred by southward motion, relative to India and Tibet, of a wedge of crustal rocks bounded above by gently north-dipping normal faults and below by thrust faults that probably dip north. North-south extension produced in this way is probably confined to upper crustal levels only and does not reflect regional extension of the entire lithosphere.
Spectrophotometric properties of the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from the OSIRIS instrument onboard the ROSETTA spacecraft

The Rosetta mission of the European Space Agency has been orbiting the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P) since August 2014 and is now in its escort phase. A large complement of scientific experiments designed to complete the most detailed study of a comet ever attempted are onboard Rosetta. Aims. We present results for the photometric and spectrophotometric properties of the nucleus of 67P derived from the OSIRIS imaging system, which consists of a Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and a Narrow Angle Camera (NAC). The observations presented here were performed during July and the beginning of August 2014, during the approach phase, when OSIRIS was mapping the surface of the comet with several filters at different phase angles (1.3°–54°). The resolution reached up to 2.1 m/px. Methods. The OSIRIS images were processed with the OSIRIS standard pipeline, then converted into I/F radiance factors and corrected for the illumination conditions at each pixel using the Lommel-Seeliger disk law. Color cubes of the surface were produced by stacking registered and illumination-corrected images. Furthermore, photometric analysis was performed both on disk-averaged photometry in several filters and on disk-resolved images acquired with the NAC orange filter, centered at 649 nm, using Hapke modeling. Results. The disk-averaged phase function of the nucleus of 67P shows a strong opposition surge with a G parameter value of - 0.13±0.01 in the HG system formalism and an absolute magnitude Hv (1, 1, 0) = 15.74±0.02 mag. The integrated spectrophotometry in 20 filters covering the 250-1000 nm wavelength range shows a red spectral behavior, without clear absorption bands except for a potential absorption centered at ∼ 290 nm that is possibly due to SO2 ice. The nucleus shows strong phase reddening, with disk- averaged spectral slopes increasing from 11%/(100 nm) to 16%/(100 nm) in the 1.3°–54° phase angle range. The geometric albedo of the comet is 6.5±0.2% at 649 nm, with local variations of up to ∼ 16% in the Hapi region. From the disk-resolved images we computed the spectral slope together with local spectrophotometry and identified three distinct groups of regions (blue, moderately red, and red). The Hapi region is the brightest, the bluest in term of spectral slope, and the most active surface on the comet. Local spectrophotometry shows an enhancement of the flux in the 700-750 nm that is associated with coma emissions.
A Characterization of the Complexity of Resilience and Responsibility for Conjunctive Queries

Several research thrusts in the area of data management have focused on understanding how changes in the data affect the output of a view or standing query. Example applications are explaining query results, propagating updates through views, and anonymizing datasets. These applications usually rely on understanding how interventions in a database impact the output of a query. An important aspect of this analysis is the problem of deleting a minimum number of tuples from the input tables to make a given Boolean query false. We refer to this problem as “the resilience of a query” and show its connections to the well-studied problems of deletion propagation and causal responsibility. We thus study the complexity of resilience for self-join-free conjunctive queries, and also make several contributions to previous known results for the problems of deletion propagation with source side-effects and causal responsibility : (1) We define the notion of resilience and provide a complete dichotomy for the class of self-join-free conjunctive queries with arbitrary functional dependencies; this dichotomy also extends and generalizes previous tractability results on deletion propagation with source side-effects. (2) We formalize the connection between resilience and causal responsibility, and show that resilience has a larger class of tractable queries than responsibility. (3) We identify a mistake in a previous dichotomy for the problem of causal responsibility and offer a revised characterization based on new, simpler, and more intuitive notions. (4) Finally, we extend the dichotomy for causal responsibility in two ways: (a) we treat cases where the input tables contain functional dependencies, and (b) we compute responsibility for a set of tuples specified via wildcards.
Subsets and Supermajorities: Optimal Hashing-based Set Similarity Search

We formulate and optimally solve a new generalized Set Similarity Search problem, which assumes the size of the database and query sets are known in advance. By creating polylog copies of our data-structure, we optimally solve any symmetric Approximate Set Similarity Search problem, including approximate versions of Subset Search, Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS), Jaccard Similarity Search, and Partial Match. Our algorithm can be seen as a natural generalization of previous work on Set as well as Euclidean Similarity Search, but conceptually it differs by optimally exploiting the information present in the sets as well as their complements, and doing so asymmetrically between queries and stored sets. Doing so we improve upon the best previous work: MinHash [J. Discrete Algorithms 1998], SimHash [STOC 2002], Spherical LSF [SODA 2016, 2017], and Chosen Path [STOC 2017] by as much as a factor $n^{0.14}$ in both time and space; or in the near-constant time regime, in space, by an arbitrarily large polynomial factor. Turning the geometric concept, based on Boolean supermajority functions, into a practical algorithm requires ideas from branching random walks on $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$, for which we give the first non-asymptotic near tight analysis. Our lower bounds follow from new hypercontractive arguments, which can be seen as characterizing the exact family of similarity search problems for which supermajorities are optimal. The optimality holds for among all hashing based data structures in the random setting, and by reductions, for 1 cell and 2 cell probe data structures.
Aplicação do índice Relação Declividade-Extensão na bacia hidrográfica do rio Guruji para detecção de deformações neotectônicas sobre os sedimentos do Grupo Barreiras, litoral sul do estado da Paraíba, Brasil.

Este documento tiene por objeto analizar morphostrutural y morfometricos cuenca del rio Guruji, situado en la costa sur del estado de Paraiba. Este analisis se aplico a traves de la integracion de la informacion cualitativa, basada en los modelos y anomalias de la red hidrografica verificados, y cuantitativos fundado en indice Relacion Inclinacion - Extension para comprobar si la evolucion de drenaje y el relieve de la zona de estudio se produjo debido a la influencia tectonica. Entre los valores encontrados en el mas inusual de el riachuelo es el Caboclo, que tambien se encuentra, en la margen derecha de la cuenca, donde el mayor numero de canales fluviales disecciones muy fuerte, con valles muy esculpido formando y altitudes mas altas, es evidente que esta anomalia esta vinculada a Alto Estrutural Coqueirinho. Analizando del punto de vista morfologico la cuencas hidrograficas del rio Guruji. Demostrando una inflexion de 90 o a 275 m de la costa. En esta seccion, el rio cambia bruscamente su direccion de oeste-este a sur-norte, que cubren mas de 900 m de la desembocadura. La direccion Sur-Norte del Rio Guruji, en su curso inferior parece seguir la tendencia general de los bajos llanuras costeras talladas en los sedimentos del Grupo de Barreiras. La direccion de los afluentes riachuelo del Caboclo y riachuelo Pau Ferro no obedece esa inclinacion y son tambien los grandes tributarios del rio Guruji.
Isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of precipitation and groundwater in a semi‐arid, mountainous area (Guadiana Menor basin, Southeast Spain)

We characterize the precipitation and groundwater in a mountainous (peaks slightly above 3000 m a.s.l.), semi‐arid river basin in SE Spain in terms of the isotopes 18O and 2H. This basin, with an extension of about 7000 km2, is an ideal site for such a study because fronts from the Atlantic and the Mediterranean converge here. Much of the land is farmed and irrigated both by groundwater and runoff water collected in reservoirs. A total of approximately 100 water samples from precipitation and 300 from groundwater have been analysed. To sample precipitation we set up a network of 39 stations at different altitudes (800–1700 m a.s.l.), with which we were able to collect the rain and snowfall from 29 separate events between July 2005 and April 2007 and take monthly samples during the periods of maximum recharge of the aquifers. To characterize the groundwater we set up a control network of 43 points (23 springs and 20 wells) to sample every 3 months the main aquifers and both the thermal and non‐thermal groundwater. We also sampled two shallow‐water sites (a reservoir and a river). The isotope composition of the precipitation forms a local meteoric water line (LMWL) characterized by the equation δD = 7·72δ18O + 9·90, with mean values for δ18O and δD of − 10·28‰ and − 69·33‰, respectively, and 12·9‰ for the d‐excess value. To correlate the isotope composition of the rainfall water with groundwater we calculated the weighted local meteoric water line (WLMWL), characterized by the equation δD = 7·40δ18O + 7·24, which takes into account the quantity of water precipitated during each event. These values of (dδD/dδ18O)< 8 and d‐excess (δD–8δ18O)< 10 in each curve bear witness to the ‘amount effect’, an effect which is more manifest between May and September, when the ground temperature is higher. Other effects noted in the basin were those of altitude and the continental influence. The isotopic compositions of the groundwater are represented by the equation δD = 4·79δ18O − 18·64. The groundwater is richer in heavy isotopes than the rainfall, with mean values of − 8·48‰ for δ18O and − 59·27‰ for δD. The isotope enrichment processes detected include a higher rate of evaporation from detrital aquifers than from carbonate ones, the effects of recharging aquifers from irrigation return flow and/or from reservoirs' leakage and enrichment in δ18O from thermal water. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.