Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LG ] 5 N ov 2 01 5 Discrete Ŕenyi Classifiers

Consider the binary classification problem of predicting a t arget variableY from a discrete feature vector X = (X1, . . . , Xd). When the probability distribution P(X, Y ) is known, the optimal classifier, leading to the minimum misc la sification rate, is given by the Maximum A-posteriori Probabili ty (MAP) decision rule. However, in practice, estimating the complete joint d is ributionP(X, Y ) is computationally and statistically impossible for large va lues ofd. Therefore, an alternative approach is to first estimate some low order marg in ls of the joint probability distributionP(X, Y ) and then design the classifier based on the estimated low order marginals. This approach is also helpful when the c omplete training data instances are not available due to privacy concerns. In this work, we consider the problem of finding the optimum cl assifier based on some estimated low order marginals of (X, Y ). We prove that for a given set of marginals, the minimum Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Rényi (HGR) correlation principle introduced in [1] leads to a randomizedclassification rule which is shown to have a misclassification rate no larger than twice the misclassifi cat on rate of the optimal classifier. Then, under a separabilitycondition, it is shown that the proposed algorithm is equivalent to a randomized linear regression a pproach. In addition, this method naturally results in a robust feature selection method selecting a subset of features having the maximum worst case HGR correlatio n with the target variable. Our theoretical upper-bound is similar to the rec ent Discrete Chebyshev Classifier (DCC) approach [2], while the proposed algorithm has significant computational advantages since it only requires solving a leas t square optimization problem. Finally, we numerically compare our proposed algo rithm with the DCC classifier and show that the proposed algorithm results in be tter misclassification rate over various UCI data repository datasets.
The Effect of Logo Programming Language for Creativity and Problem Solving

The effect of Logo programming language for creativity and problem solving was investigated. Eighty-five fifth grade students were assigned to a Logo experiment and control group. They were pretested to assess receptive fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, logical word problem solving skill, and figural problem solving skill. After 8 weeks of learning, the Logo experimental group had significantly higher score than control group on the test of problem solving skill (logical word, figural problem solving) and figural creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration). The result revealed significantly differences for creativity especially in flexibility and originality and figural problem solving skill between the Logo experimental group and the control group. An implication was Logo programming may provide opportunities for improvement of creativity and problem solving skill. Possible alternative explanation and suggestions for future research were provided.
Different modes of diode laser irradiation: effects on enamel surface and intrapulpal temperature at debonding.

Background laser aided debonding of ceramic brackets has been proved to be effective in reducing enamel surface damages, though the optimal parameters of laser to be chose is in question. The aim of this study was to investigate the six different regimens of diode laser irradiation on enamel surface characteristics and intrapulpal temperature changes while debonding. Materials and methods 90 polycrystalline brackets were bonded to 90 intact extracted premolars. At debonding, teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 15) and were subjected to the following regimen of diode laser irradiation; G1 = 2 W, continuous wave, G2 = 2.5 W, continuous wave, G3 = 3 W, continuous wave, G4 = 2 W, pulsed mode, G5 = 2.5 W, pulsed mode, G6 = 3 W, pulsed mode. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index, the lengths and frequency of enamel cracks were compared among the groups. 5 teeth out of 15 were randomly selected from each group to assess the intrapulpal temperature changes. Results The number of enamel cracks increased significantly in all the specimens after debonding. Enamel crack length increased significantly in all the study groups except G3 and G6. The increase in intrapulpal temperature was significantly below the benchmark of 5.5 C for all the specimens. Significant difference was observed in adhesive remnant index scores among the groups and more than half of the teeth showed a score of 2. Conclusion Diode-laser irradiation in pulsed mode or continuous wave at given outputs (2, 2.5, 3 W) were not statistically different in regard to producing enamel surface damages or increasing intrapulpal temperature.
Self-sustaining process in Taylor-Couette flow

The transition from Tayor vortex flow to wavy-vortex flow is revisited. The Self-Sustaining Process (SSP) of Waleffe [Phys. Fluids 9, 883-900 (1997)] proposes that a key ingredient in transition to turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows is a three-step process involving rolls advecting streamwise velocity, leading to streaks which become unstable to a wavy perturbation whose nonlinear interaction with itself feeds the rolls. We investigate this process in Taylor-Couette flow. The instability of Taylor-vortex flow to wavy-vortex flow, a process which is the inspiration for the second phase of the SSP, is shown to be caused by the streaks, with the rolls playing a negligible role, as predicted by Jones [J. Fluid Mech. 157, 135-162 (1985)] and demonstrated by Martinand et al. [Phys. Fluids 26, 094102 (2014)]. In the third phase of the SSP, the nonlinear interaction of the waves with themselves reinforces the rolls. We show this both quantitatively and qualitatively, identifying physical regions in which this reinforcement is strongest, and also demonstrate that this nonlinear interaction depletes the streaks.
Non-linear Effects of Monetary Policy and Real Exchange Rate Shocks in Partially Dollarized Economies: an Empirical Study for Peru

We study whether monetary policy and real exchange rate shocks have non-linear effects on output and inflation in a partially dollarized economy such as Peru. For this purpose, we use a Smooth Transition Vector Autoregression methodology and then report impulse-response functions for shocks of different sign and size, and conditional to the initial position in the business cycle. We find evidence of non-linearities which imply a convex aggregate supply curve: in particular, monetary policy is more likely to affect the output during recessions than in booms, while the opposite is found for the inflation. Regarding real exchange rate shocks, we show that depreciations have greater negative effects during economic downturns and a higher pass-through rate in the positive side of the business cycle.
Research on Decision-Making of Complex Venture Capital Based on Financial Big Data Platform

The prediction of stock premium has always been a hot issue. By predicting stock premiums to provide a way for companies to respond to financial risk investments, companies can avoid investment failures. In this paper, under the financial big data platform, bootstrap resampling technology and long short-term memory (LSTM) are used to predict the value of the stock premium within 20 months. First, using the theme crawler, jsoup page parsing, Solr search, and Hadoop architecture to build a platform for financial big data. Secondly, based on the block bootstrap resampling technology, the existing data information is expanded to make full use of the existing data information. Then, based on the LSTM network, the stock premium in 20 months is predicted and compared with the values predicted by support vector machine regression (SVR), and the SSE and R-square average indicators are calculated, respectively. The calculation results show that the SSE value of LSTM is lower than SVR, and the R-square value of LSTM is higher than SVR, which means that the effect of LSTM prediction is better than SVR. Finally, based on the forecast results and evaluation indicators of the stock premium, we provide countermeasures for the company’s financial risk investment.
Impact of Universities’ Partnerships on Students’ Sustainable Entrepreneurship Intentions: A Comparative Study

This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurial attitude, perceived desirability, and perceived feasibility on sustainable entrepreneurship intentions under the moderating impact of entrepreneurial passion among undergraduate students of Malaysia. It was a quantitative study that compared two groups of students, i.e., Group A, comprised of students who have studied entrepreneurship modules and whose programmes did not offer any dual/triple award degrees and Group B, made up of students who have studied entrepreneurship modules and whose programmes offered dual/triple award degrees. Data were collected from 542 undergraduate students of universities located in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor through survey questionnaire. WarpPLS Software version 7.0 was used to analyse the data. The findings of this study revealed that Group B students’ entrepreneurial attitude, perceived desirability, and perceived feasibility positively and significantly impacted the sustainable entrepreneurship intentions under the moderating impact of entrepreneurial passion. However, the impact of entrepreneurial attitude was found positive and significant on sustainable entrepreneurship intentions among students of Group A and entrepreneurial passion was found to be significant moderator to improve the impact of only entrepreneurial attitude and perceived desirability on sustainable entrepreneurship intentions but not for the impact of perceived feasibility on sustainable entrepreneurship intentions among these students. Moreover, the direct impacts of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility were also found non-significant on sustainable entrepreneurship intentions among Group A students. The findings reveal that universities having partnership with other overseas’ universities may offer high quality entrepreneurship modules due to which their students have high entrepreneurial passion and develop more entrepreneurial attitudes, and are more willing and capable to start their own businesses as compared to students of other local universities who have no partnership with overseas’ universities.
Multi-Item Distribution Policies with Supply Hub and Lateral Transshipment

Supply Hub is defined as the horizontal coordination among the suppliers while lateral transshipment is a horizontal coordination policy among the retailers. By considering the Supply Hub and lateral transshipment simultaneously, ones can reduce the total cost of the supply chain system and improve the response to customer requirement and the customers’ satisfaction. We investigate the distribution policies for the supply chain which consists of multisuppliers, single Supply Hub, and multidistributors. In the system, both Supply Hub and distributors adopt the (, ) policy, Supply Hub will not be out of stock, and backlogging is forbidden. Customer requirements at distributors are assumed to be independent random variables complying with uniform distribution; transshipment is assumed to be bidirectional, instantaneous, and emergent. We establish the distribution models, respectively, for the cases of transshipment or no transshipment. For the case with transshipment, we design a GA-based solution method involving a two-stage selection technology, that is, firstly, selecting individuals from parent population to generate offspring chromosomes and, secondly, selecting individuals from the interim population comprising all of the parent and offspring genomes, to form the next-generation population. We show that lateral transshipment can increase the overall profit of the supply chain by the comparison examinations between the models with and without transshipment.
Características fenotípicas de Ensifer meliloti y Ensifer medicae (Rhizobiaceae) aislados de Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) en áreas agrícolas de Trujillo, Perú

La fijacion biologica del nitrogeno en suelo se debe en gran parte a bacterias que establecen relacionessimbioticas con leguminosas, siendo muy importante seleccionar e identificar aquellas conalta capacidad de adaptacion ambiental propias de una determinada region; en ese sentido, esta investigaciontuvo como objetivo determinar las caracteristicas fenotipicas de Ensifer meliloti y Ensifermedicae (Rhizobiaceae) aislados de nodulos radiculares de Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) cultivada enareas agricolas de la Provincia de Trujillo en el Peru, para ello se recolecto nodulos radiculares de 60plantas de M. sativa L. a partir de los cuales se aislaron en medio agar levadura manitol (YMA) conrojo de congo, 14 cultivos bacterianos, ocho de ellos fueron identificados fenotipicamente como E.meliloti y seis como E. medicae; todos crecieron en medio Luria Bertani (LB), toleraron 2% de NaCl,y utilizaron el L-triptofano, lo que permitio diferenciarlos de las especies del genero Rhizobium. Porotro lado, la capacidad de utilizar el dulcitol, tolerancia a 3% de NaCl y resistencia frente al acidonalidixico permitio diferenciar ambas especies de Ensifer. Ademas, se encontro que todos los cultivosaislados evidenciaron cualitativamente producir acido indol-3- acetico (AIA).
Human Capital Development and Foreign Direct Investment in Malaysia

One of the spillover effects of the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to the host countries is human capital development. Skilled and semi skill labour force will enhance FDI and provide more attractive investment climate. Moreover, FDI through transferring of technology will contributes to human capital accumulation of the host countries. The purpose of this study is to determine the complementary effects of FDI on the Human Capital in Malaysia after the country received large FDI starting in 80s and onwards. This study has employed granger causality test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in investigating the relationship between variables. The annual data from 1982 to 2011 which consisted of FDI, Human Capital Accumulation were measured with two moderating variables, namely the number of labour force with certificate and trade openness. The result shows that all the variables are co-integrated in the short-run and long run. Besides, the evidence shows that there exists a unidirectional causality between Human Capital and FDI. For future study, other measures of human capital can be used in order to get different perspectives and robust findings on the relationship between FDI and human capital.
A Robust Algorithm for Pessimistic Analysis of Logic Masking E ff ects in Combinational Circuits

Analyzing logic masking effects is an important key to evaluate soft error tolerance of circuits. The computing complexity of analyzing logic masking effects exactly is proportional to the square of circuit size, which is unacceptable to achieve a scalable analyzer. This paper shows a robust algorithm to analyze logic masking effects pessimistically with multiple CODCs (Compatible combinations of Observability Don’t Cares). It is guaranteed that an upper bound of the susceptibility of each gate is estimated using the proposed algorithm. The computing complexity of the proposed algorithm is proportional to circuit size. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm runs about 91 times faster than an algorithm which analyzes logic masking effects exactly with fault simulation. The proposed algorithm estimates average susceptibility 11.5% larger than that of the exact algorithm for circuits in ITC’99 benchmark set. The state-of-the-art heuristic AnS ER estimates average susceptibility with 96% underestimation for circuits protected with partial TMR (Triple Modular Redundancy) on average, which can be fatal error for soft error tolerance evaluation. On the other hand, the proposed algorithm estimates average susceptibility with 37.9% overestimation for such circuits on average. The proposed algorithm is useful to estimate an upper bound of the susceptibility of each gate quickly.
Geographical Indications and the Value of Reputation - Empirical Evidence for Cafe de Marcala

More and more coffee-producing countries establish geographical indications (GIs) for their coffees. GIs are not only considered to be a useful tool for protecting an established reputation against misuse by imitators but also being a useful strategic tool to enter the growing specialty coffee market. Whereas the importance of regional reputation is quite well-documented in the empirical literature on wine, empirical evidence for regional reputational effects on coffee prices is rather scarce. Hence, the objective of the present paper is to shed light on the relevance of regional reputation in the coffee market by representing results for Honduran coffees. A hedonic pricing model based on internet auction data is presented including current quality proxied by a quality score and reputation via regional dummies. The results indicate that up to now the region Marcala, for which a Denomination of Origin was established in 2005, has not yet established such a reputation that after controlling for quality differences higher auction prices are paid for coffees coming from this region.
Aversion to a sure loss: turning investors into gamblers

In situations where there is a lack of relevant information for proper decisionmaking, investors tend to be ambiguity-averse, opting for the probabilities with predictable outcomes. In cases where investors are faced with options without known probabilities, they tend to choose an option that will guarantee the most negligible loss. When faced with a diminutive loss, the investors will try to avoid these losses, even if that means exposing more resources to potential losses. Average down investment strategy can help to overcome losses faster while risking large amounts of resources, thus, showing investors’ propensity for loss-aversion. However, stock trading under ambiguity is not rational behavior, and is closer to gambling than investing, even when faced with losses. The choice of average down as investment strategy can explain the effect that dominates during investment decision-making process when losses occur due to ambiguity. This paper presents the results of a research conducted in order to determine if investors will use average down strategy when there is a lack of information on the market, and the size of the loss when they will be willing to use it. Obtained results show strong probability of average down usage among the subject group, thus proving aversion to a sure loss. The relation between risk aversion and aversion to a sure loss is tested. The results show that there is no influence of risk aversion on choice to use average down investment strategy. The results and possible applications of the research are thoroughly discussed.
Four Cases Presenting with Distinct Associations in Oculoauriculovertebral Spectrum

Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) is characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms and physical features that may vary greatly in range and severity from case to case. Oculo-auriculovertebral disorder (OAVD) represents the mildest form of the disorder, while Goldenhar syndrome presents frequently as the most severe form. Hemifacial microsomia appears to be an intermediate form. Here we report four cases with different phenotypic expressions. Case 1 had unilateral anotia with cardiac and urogenital abnormalities. Case 2 was an offspring of a diabetic mother, presenting with unilateral microtia, facial paralysis and sacral agenesis. Case 3 had unilateral anotia plus hemifacial microsomia and facial clefting accompanied to Hirsprung disease. Case 4 was presenting with microtia/preauricular tags plus hemifacial microsomia without accompanying any other system abnormalities. Two had a positive family history, one of them was represented an autosomal dominant (case 1), and the other was autosomal ressesive mode of inheritance (case 4). Based on these cases, we highlighted the heterogeneity of the presentation and genetic etiology of OAVS.
Low-energy photon production in neutrino neutral-current interactions

The search for $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ oscillations by the MiniBooNE Collaboration at Fermilab has revealed a low-energy signal which could be due either to electrons produced by $\nu_e$ or photons produced by the interaction of the weak neutral current on the target nucleus. One contribution to the latter is a Wess-Zumino-Witten anomaly leading to a term in the Lagrangian proportional to $\epsilon^{\mu \nu \kappa \lambda} Z_\mu \omega_\nu F_{\kappa \lambda}$. This term is normalized with the help of the known rates for the processes $f_1 \to \rho \gamma$ and $\tau \to \nu_\tau a_1$. A rate of about 1/4 of that employed in several previous estimates is obtained. As the anomaly term had already been found to play a subdominant role in photon production (e.g., in comparison with $\Delta$ excitation and decay), the present estimate reduces its strength even further.
Demonstrating the nexus effects of online videos, research outputs, and investments to knowledge absorption using linguistically adapted animations

Given how educational videos on social media platforms like YouTube are changing how information and knowledge are delivered and accessed, understanding, and capitalizing on this innovation could potentially enable increasing knowledge absorption in populations able to access that information. This study sought to estimate that increase by applying logistic regression to model data and demonstrate the relationship of one YouTube educational channel—Scientific Animations Without Borders (SAWBO)—and Global Innovation Index 2019 for 79 developing and developing countries from 2011-2018. Results indicated that knowledge absorption was 7.69 and 1.85 times more likely to occur (1) with gross expenditures on research and development (GERD) and (2) the interaction (INNOV) between video views, ICT access, and science/technology publications, respectively. Importantly, qualities of governance indicators did not correlate significantly with tested variables in the model, a suggestion that GERD and INNOV maintain their increased odds of increased knowledge absorption, especially in developing countries and populations where governmentality is being impacted, e.g., by corruption, political instability, global pandemic like COVID-19, or simply national shortfalls of resources and/or infrastructure. Thus, INNOV represents a comparatively lower-cost pathway to promoting and achieving knowledge absorption, especially in many developing nations where GERD may be beyond their current financial means. Implications for research managers and policymakers—as well as recommendations for future research on linguistically adapted animations and educational online videos for increasing knowledge absorption, sharing, and content use—are also provided.
Mutation Analysis of the PINK 1 Gene in 391 Patients With Parkinson Disease

Ryuya Kumazawa, MD; Hiroyuki Tomiyama, MD; Yuanzhe Li, MD; Yoko Imamichi; Manabu Funayama, PhD; Hiroyo Yoshino, BS; Fusako Yokochi, MD, PhD; Toshihiro Fukusako, MD, PhD; Yasushi Takehisa, MD; Kenichi Kashihara, MD; Tomoyoshi Kondo, MD, PhD; Bulent Elibol, MD, PhD; Sevasti Bostantjopoulou, MD; Tatsushi Toda, MD, PhD; Hirohide Takahashi, MD; Fumihito Yoshii, MD, PhD; Yoshikuni Mizuno, MD; Nobutaka Hattori, MD, PhD