Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Magnetic-Geared Motor Combining Magnetic Gear and SR Motor

A direct-drive permanent magnet (PM) motor and a magnetic-geared PM motor (MG-PMM) have the advantage of high torque density. Therefore, these motors are expected to be applied as in-wheel motors for electric vehicles (EVs). However, they have a problem that it is difficult to achieve the wide speed–torque characteristics required for EVs. This article presents a novel magnetic-geared motor that consists of a flux-modulated type magnetic gear (MG) and a switched reluctance (SR) motor. In this article, the SR motor part and the MG part are designed, and both parts are combined into a magnetic-geared motor. The proposed magnetic-geared motor has the wide speed–torque characteristic, which direct-drive PM motors or SR motors cannot achieve.
Investigation on the Influence of Eccentricity on the AC Copper Loss of High-Speed Slotless Permanent Magnet Motor

The armature winding of slotless motor is directly exposed to the air-gap magnetic field. During high-speed operation, the effective part of the armature winding cuts the flux lines directly, which would inevitably cause large ac copper loss. Moreover, when the rotor is eccentric, appreciable distortions would be appeared in the air-gap flux density. The additional flux density would aggravate the ac copper loss. In this article, the mechanism of ac copper loss of high-speed slotless motors is explained first. Then, the influence of eccentricity on ac copper loss is evaluated. Finally, the difference in the effect of dynamic and static eccentricity on ac copper loss is compared.
A High Throughput Workﬂow Environment for Cosmological Simulations

The next generation of wide-area sky surveys oﬀer the power to place extremely precise constraints on cosmological parameters and to test the source of cosmic acceleration. These observational programs will employ multiple techniques based on a variety of statistical signatures of galaxies and large-scale structure. These techniques have sources of systematic error that need to be understood at the percent-level in order to fully leverage the power of next-generation catalogs. Simulations of large-scale structure provide the means to characterize these uncertainties. We are using XSEDE resources to produce multiple synthetic sky surveys of galaxies and large-scale structure in support of science analysis for the Dark Energy Survey. In order to scale up our production to the level of ﬁfty 10 10 -particle simulations, we are working to embed production control within the Apache Airavata workﬂow environment. We explain our methods and report how the workﬂow has reduced production time by 40% compared to manual management.
A 39.5 dBm GaN Doherty Amplifier MMIC with Phase Control for Ka-band Space Applications

In this paper, a high-power multi-cell, multi-stage GaN MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) for space applications is presented. The amplifier implements a novel approach for the Doherty output power combiner, integrating matching and load modulation in the output matching network of the main and peak PAs. To achieve high efficiency operation of the DPA at 7 dB output power back-off (OBO), an asymmetric 2.5:1 input power division ratio was realized. The DPA is operating at Ka-band between 25.5 and 27 GHz supporting two 750 MHz wide channels. Two digitally controlled phase shifters are implemented in the input of the main and peak PAs allowing on-chip phase balance of the main and peak signals. This allows for optimization of the performance across the two sub-bands. The DPA delivers a maximum saturated output power over 39.5 dBm at 24% PAE and over 17% PAE at 7 dB back-off operation.
Rupture complexity of a moderate intraplate earthquake in the Alps: the 1996 M5 Epagny–Annecy earthquake

SUMMARY The magnitude 5 Epagny‐Annecy earthquake of 1996 July 15 is the largest seismic event to have occurred in the Alps since the introduction of modern digital instrumentation. This strike-slip event was located on the Vuache Fault, near the town of Annecy, in the northern French Alps. The aim of our work was to retrieve the main parameters of the rupture process of this earthquake from seismograms recorded at local and regional distances (20‐300 km). To eliminate path and site eVects from the seismograms, we compared the main shock recordings at each station with those of the largest aftershocks nearby. We used a combination of techniques, including pulse-width measurements and cross-correlation of velocity traces, comparison of P-wave displacement pulses, and empirical Green’s function deconvolution, to retrieve the apparent duration of the rupture process as seen at each station. Our results demonstrate that, in the absence of on-scale data, P-wave pulse-width measurements on clipped signals can be misleading if the rupture process is complex. In the case of the Annecy earthquake, comparisons of on-scale P-wave displacement seismograms and the empirical Green’s function deconvolutions show that the rupture process consisted of at least two subevents separated by 0.2‐0.3 s, and with a total duration of about 0.5 s. The systematic azimuthal dependence of both the shape and duration of the apparent source-time function is consistent with a nearly unilateral propagation of the main rupture phase in a southeast direction along the fault plane and parallel to the direction of slip. An isochron analysis reveals that the first subevent occurred slightly to the northwest of the nucleation point but that the second subevent was located further to the southeast, thus confirming the overall rupture directivity towards the southeast. An interpretation of our results in light of the previously documented aftershock distribution and of observations of ground cracks in the epicentral area suggests that the main shock occurred on the Vuache Fault, and that rupture in a northwest direction was inhibited by a right-lateral stepover in the fault. Accordingly, the vast majority of the subsequent aftershocks, which include several magnitude 3‐4 events, occurred on a fault segment that is slightly oVset from the inferred surface trace of the Vuache Fault and that was activated by the main shock.
ComputerSpeechandLanguage QBSUM: a Large-Scale Query-Based Document Summarization Dataset from Real-world Applications

Query-based document summarization aims to extract or generate a summary of a document which directly answers or is relevant to the search query. It is an important technique that can be beneﬁcial to a variety of applications such as search engines, document-level machine reading comprehension, and chatbots. Currently, datasets designed for query-based summarization are short in numbers and existing datasets are also limited in both scale and quality. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, there is no publicly available dataset for Chinese query-based document summarization. In this paper, we present QBSUM , a high-quality large-scale dataset consisting of 49,000+ data samples for the task of Chinese query-based document summarization. We also propose multiple unsupervised and supervised solutions to the task and demonstrate their high-speed inference and superior performance via both ofﬂine experiments and online A/B tests. The QBSUM dataset is released in order to facilitate future advancement of this research ﬁeld.
The Effect of Changes in Land Use on Irrigation Demand

Water is essential for many farming operations in New Zealand. About 77 percent of all water allocated in New Zealand is for irrigation. It is estimated that 500,000 hectares in New Zealand are irrigated, earning about $1 billion over what would be earned from dryland operations. Water allocation and water quality are becoming majors factor in New Zealand due to increasing demand, greater public awareness of the issues, and overseas markets demanding produce from clean, green production systems. The following MAF RM Update discusses water quality and quantity issues in New Zealand.
University of Birmingham Grafting vigour is associated with DNA de-methylation in eggplant

In horticulture, grafting is a popular technique used to combine positive traits from two different plants. This is achieved by joining the plant top part (scion) onto a rootstock which contains the stem and roots. Rootstocks can provide resistance to stress and increase plant production, but despite their wide use, the biological mechanisms driving rootstock-induced alterations of the scion phenotype remain largely unknown. Given that epigenetics plays a relevant role during distance signalling in plants, we studied the genome-wide DNA methylation changes induced in eggplant ( Solanum melongena ) scion using two interspeci ﬁ c rootstocks to increase vigour. We found that vigour was associated with a change in scion gene expression and a genome-wide hypomethylation in the CHH context. Interestingly, this hypomethylation correlated with the downregulation of younger and potentially more active long terminal repeat retrotransposable elements (LTR-TEs), suggesting that graft-induced epigenetic modi ﬁ cations are associated with both physiological and molecular phenotypes in grafted plants. Our results indicate that the enhanced vigour induced by heterografting in eggplant is associated with epigenetic modi ﬁ cations, as also observed in some heterotic hybrids.
Factors Affecting Estimates of Average Watershed Slope

The sensitivity of average watershed slope, or Y -slope, to digital elevation model (DEM) grid size and source are examined by using high resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. The results confirm previous findings that Y -slope is inversely proportional to DEM grid size. The sensitivity of Y -slope estimates to grid resolution makes it less desirable as a slope metric than main channel slope, which has been shown to remain constant up to 90-m resolutions. A comparison of Y -slope estimates from LiDAR DEMs and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) DEMs shows that those based on the USGS DEMs are systematically underbiased. Differences between slope metrics and estimation methods can be significant. Y -slope estimates that are based on an alternative contour-based method are comparable to the DEM-based estimates. However, both estimates of Y -slope differ considerably from the main channel slope. Developers of hydrologic response time formulas should adopt standard protocols for estimating slope metr.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Future risk for mother and child

OBJECTIVE — We sought to study the frequency of (cid:1) -cell–speciﬁc autoantibody markers in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to follow these women to estimate the risk of later development of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — Of 385 pregnant women with GDM during 1995–2005 in the district of Lund, 24 (6%) women were found positive for at least one of the following: islet cell antibody (ICA), GAD antibody (GADA), or tyrosine phosphatase antibody (IA-2A). The women were followed and autoantibodies reanalyzed. Those who had not developed diabetes did an oral glucose tolerance test. The frequencies of known risk factors for GDM were compared in women with GDM with and without pancreatic autoantibodies. RESULTS — Among the autoantibody-positive women, 50% had developed type 1 diabetes compared with none among the GDM control subjects ( P (cid:2) 0.001), 21% had impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance compared with 12.5% among control subjects ( P (cid:2) 0.3), and none had developed type 2 diabetes compared with 12.5% among control subjects ( P (cid:2) 0.1). CONCLUSIONS — Autoantibody screening in pregnant women with GDM and follow-up after delivery should be considered for early recognition of type 1 diabetes.
Flood Early Warning Systems Using Machine Learning Techniques: The Case of the Tomebamba Catchment at the Southern Andes of Ecuador

Worldwide, machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used for developing flood early warning systems (FEWSs). However, previous studies have not focused on establishing a methodology for determining the most efficient ML technique. We assessed FEWSs with three river states, No-alert, Pre-alert and Alert for flooding, for lead times between 1 to 12 h using the most common ML techniques, such as multi-layer perceptron (MLP), logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), naive Bayes (NB), and random forest (RF). The Tomebamba catchment in the tropical Andes of Ecuador was selected as a case study. For all lead times, MLP models achieve the highest performance followed by LR, with f1-macro (log-loss) scores of 0.82 (0.09) and 0.46 (0.20) for the 1 h and 12 h cases, respectively. The ranking was highly variable for the remaining ML techniques. According to the g-mean, LR models correctly forecast and show more stability at all states, while the MLP models perform better in the Pre-alert and Alert states. The proposed methodology for selecting the optimal ML technique for a FEWS can be extrapolated to other case studies. Future efforts are recommended to enhance the input data representation and develop communication applications to boost the awareness of society of floods.
Neutrophils in respiratory syncytial virus disease

Neutrophil recruitment to the airways and lungs is a major hallmark of many respiratory diseases. One of the more recently discovered unique innate immune effector mechanism of neutrophils is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), consisting of an extracellular network of DNA fibers studded with nuclear and granule proteins. Although in the respiratory system NETs contribute to capture and inactivation of bacteria, fungi and viruses, there is a delicate ‘balance’ between aid and damage to the host. Accumulating evidence now suggests that NETs can have direct cytotoxic effects to lung epithelial and endothelial cells and can contribute to airway obstruction. As such, NETs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. The purpose of this review is to give an up-to-date overview of the current status of NETs in respiratory diseases. We examine both experimental and clinical data concerning the role of NETs in host defence as well as immunopathology, with special interest to the literature relevant for the paediatric pulmonology community. Finally, we discuss future treatment strategies that may target the formation of NETs in the airways and lungs.
Shear rheology of a dilute emulsion of ferro(cid:13)uid droplets dispersed in a non-magnetizable carrier (cid:13)uid under the in(cid:13)uence of a uniform magnetic (cid:12)eld

The e(cid:11)ect of a spatially uniform magnetic (cid:12)eld on the shear rheology of a dilute emulsion of monodispersed ferro(cid:13)uid droplets, immersed in a non-magnetizable immiscible (cid:13)uid, is investigated using direct numerical simulations. The direction of the applied magnetic (cid:12)eld is normal to the shear (cid:13)ow direction. The droplets extra stress tensor arising from the presence of interfacial forces of magnetic nature is modeled on the basis of the seminal work of G. K. Batchelor, J. Fluid Mech. , 41.3 (1970) under the assumptions of a linearly magnetizable ferro(cid:13)uid phase and negligible inertia. The re-sults show that even relatively small magnetic (cid:12)elds can have signi(cid:12)cant consequences on the rheological properties of the emulsion due to the magnetic forces that contribute to deform and orient the droplets towards the direction of the applied magnetic vector. In particular, we have observed an increase of the e(cid:11)ective (bulk) viscosity and a reversal of the sign of the two normal stress di(cid:11)erences with respect to the case without magnetic (cid:12)eld for those conditions where the magnetic force prevails over the shearing force. Comparisons between the results of our model with a direct integration of the viscous stress have provided an indication of its reliability to predict the e(cid:11)ective viscosity of the suspension. Moreover, this latter quantity has been found to behave as a monotonic increasing function of the applied magnetic (cid:12)eld for constant shearing (cid:13)ows (\magneto-thickening" behaviour), which allowed us to infer a simple constitutive equation describing the emulsion viscosity.
MARFA version 3.2.2 user's manual: migration analysis of radionuclides in the far field

The computer code Migration Analysis of Radionuclides in the Far Field (MARFA) uses a particle-based Monte Carlo method to simulate the transport of radionuclides in a sparsely fractured geological medium. The algorithm uses non-interacting particles to represent packets of radionuclide mass. These particles are moved through the system according to rules that mimic the underlying physical transport and retention processes. The physical processes represented in MARFA include advection, longitudinal dispersion, Fickian diffusion into an infinite or finite rock matrix, equilibrium sorption, decay, and in-growth. Because the algorithm uses non-interacting particles, the transport and retention processes are limited to those that depend linearly on radionuclide concentration. Multiple non-branching decay chains of arbitrary length are supported, as is full heterogeneity in the transport and retention properties. Two variants of the code are provided. These two versions differ in how particles are routed through the computational domain. In MARFA 3.2. 3, transport is assumed to occur along a set of trajectories or pathways that originate at radionuclide source locations. The trajectories are intended to represent the movement of hypothetical, advectively transported groundwater tracers and are typically calculated by pathline tracing in a discrete fracture network flow code. The groundwater speed and retention properties along each pathway may change in time, but the pathway trajectories are fixed. MARFA 3.3. 1 allows the transport effects of changing flow directions to be represented by abandoning the fixed pathways and performing node routing within MARFA.
New eugeneodontid sharks from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of Western Canada

Abstract Eugeneodontid sharks, previously believed to have become virtually extinct during the great end-Permian extinction event, are here shown to be diverse in the Early Triassic of western Canada. Although the specimens are probably predominantly Olenekian in age, they show an abundance similar to that of the Late Permian of East Greenland. Similar in size and morphology to their Palaeozoic predecessors, this diverse assemblage is seen to have a short duration within the Early Triassic. A number of identifiable dentitions and postcranial skeletal remains suggest the presence of at least two caseodontid species (Caseodus varidentis sp. nov. and Fadenia uroclasmato sp. nov.) and an edestoid (Paredestus bricircum gen. et sp. nov.) Many other specimens recovered from the Lower Triassic Vega-Phroso Siltstone Member (Sulphur Mountain Formation) at Wapiti Lake are too poorly preserved for identification but help demonstrate the major taxonomic problems in eugeneodontid systematics. We discuss the survival of this highly specialized group of ‘sharks’ and comment on their biogeographical distribution across the Permo-Triassic boundary.
RoskildeUniversity Trends in governmental expenditure on vaccination programmes in the Netherlands, a historical analysis

Background: Health economic evaluations are often required before implementing a vaccination programme. Such evaluations rarely consider the historical context of a vaccination programme. We review the ﬁnancial history of vaccination programmes in the Netherlands, and compare these to demographic and macroeconomic developments as well as avoided mortality burden. Methods: Previously uncatalogued historical expenditures on the Dutch National Immunisation Programme (NIP) and inﬂuenza vaccination were obtained from ofﬁcial reports. Costs were adjusted for inﬂation using Consumer Price Indices and expressed in Euro of 2016. Estimates on mortality burden averted were obtained from previous research and used to calculate the ratio of expenses to averted mortality burden for vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps and rubella for birth cohorts 1953–1992. Results: Developments towards a uniform government funded NIP started early 1950s with vaccinations against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus, culminating in its ofﬁcial launch in 1957 together with polio vaccinations. Since the
Drinking Motives and Alcohol Use: The SERVe Study Drinking Motives and Alcohol Use: The SERVe Study of U.S. Current and Former Service Members of U.S. Current and Former Service Members

Objective: Hazardous drinking in the armed forces is a signiﬁ cant problem. Alcohol use motivations, known risk factors for problem drinking, have been underexplored in this population. Our study extends knowledge about drinking motives among current and former U.S. service members and provides recommendations on their utility in identifying alcohol-related problems by examining the factor structure of multidimensional drinking motives and their association to alcohol use. Method: Post-9/11 separated service members and current reservists were recruited from 35 Oregon employers to participate in a workplace study of supervisor support. The resulting sample ( N = 509; 84% male; mean age = 39) completed a baseline assessment, which included a comprehensive drinking motives assessment. Results: Drinkers comprised 88% of the sample, with a mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identiﬁ cation Test (AUDIT) score of 5.4 ( SD = 4.6); 23.9% scored 8 or more. The four-factor structure of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire–Revised, short form (DMQ-R-SF) was afﬁ rmed through conﬁ rmatory factor analysis. Internal drinking motives related to enhancement (positive) and coping (negative) were most predictive of alcohol use; coping motives were uniquely predictive of alcohol-related problems, when drinking quantity/frequency, as well as psychological distress, were controlled for. Coping motives also mediate the relationship between psychological distress and AUDIT scores. Results thus demonstrated the generalizability of the DMQ-R-SF motives measure for use with separated service members and reservists. Conclusions: Drinking motives, assessed by the DMQ-R-SF, represent reliable and important predictors of