Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH OCIMUM SANCTUM

Endophytic fungi of the medicinal herb, Ocimum sanctum are believed to possess antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi. Due to the emergence of pathogenic fungi and antibiotic-resistant strains, the search for alternative antimicrobial agents is a need. The present study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from O. sanctum. Plate-to-plate method, disk diffusion assay, and Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) were employed in this study. The finding revealed that fungal isolates Colletotrichum sp. IBRL OS-39, Aspergillus sp. IBRL OS-65, Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 and Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-98 was able to produce volatile compounds with antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi. On the disk diffusion assay, Lasiodiplodia sp. IBRL OS-64, and Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 displayed good antifungal activity against test fungi with a diameter of inhibition zone between 9.6±0.6 - 14.3±0.6 mm and 11.2±1.2 - 15.7±0.6 mm, respectively. SEM observations revealed remarkable morphological changes in Candida albicans treated with the dichloromethane extracts of Lasiodiplodia sp. IBRL OS-64 and Muscodor sp. IBRL OS-94 with severe cell damage beyond repair and thus leads to cell death.
FUSION SPARSE AND SHAPING REWARD FUNCTION IN SOFT ACTOR-CRITIC DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING FOR MOBILE ROBOT NAVIGATION

Nowadays, the advancement in autonomous robots is the latest influenced by the development of a world surrounded by new technologies. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) allows systems to operate automatically, so the robot will learn the next movement based on the interaction with the environment. Moreover, since robots require continuous action, Soft Actor Critic Deep Reinforcement Learning (SAC DRL) is considered the latest DRL approach solution. SAC is used because its ability to control continuous action to produce more accurate movements. SAC fundamental is robust against unpredictability, but some weaknesses have been identified, particularly in the exploration process for accuracy learning with faster maturity. To address this issue, the study identified a solution using a reward function appropriate for the system to guide in the learning process. This research proposes several types of reward functions based on sparse and shaping reward in SAC method to investigate the effectiveness of mobile robot learning. Finally, the experiment shows that using fusion sparse and shaping rewards in the SAC DRL successfully navigates to the target position and can also increase accuracy based on the average error result of 4.99%.
Managerial Incentives and the Role of Advisors in the Continuous-Time Agency Model

We explore a continuous-time agency model with double moral hazard. Using a venture capitalist (VC)--entrepreneur relationship where the VC both supplies costly effort and chooses the optimal timing of the initial public offering (IPO), we show that optimal IPO timing is earlier under double moral hazard than under single moral hazard. Our results also indicate that the manager's compensation tends to be paid earlier under double moral hazard. We derive several comparative static results, notably that IPO timing is earlier when the need for monitoring by the VC is smaller and when the volatility of cash flows is larger. The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for Financial Studies. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. , Oxford University Press.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ESSENCE OF SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE

The article is devoted to a historical overview of scientific approaches to the study of the social intelligence psychological essence. Within the definitive approach, scientists (D. Wechsler, F. Vernon, E. Ivashkevich, E. Thorndike, S. Stein, etc.) determined that the social intelligence of a personality is a set of the following abilities: to achieve a successful result in interpersonal relationships; to understand other people’s emotional states and empathize with them; to manage people of different genders in interpersonal relationships; to perceive external social group incentives; to acquire knowledge of current social issues. Within the framework of the psychometric approach, scientists (L. Woodward, J. Guilford, F. Moss, K. Omwake, T. Hunt, etc.) determined the essence of social intelligence based on the results of the tests. As a result of the research conducted using the GWIST psychometric test, it was established that the general indicator of social intelligence reveals the ability of an individual to understand social information, evaluate social situations, remember the names and faces of other people, and establish mental states based on verbal and non-verbal manifestations of other people’s behavior; and their sense of humor. However, it was later experimentally proven that the results of the GWIST test are insufficient to fully characterize the social intelligence of an individual. The development of the “Social Intelligence” test by a group of scientists under the leadership of J. Guilford made it possible to empirically measure all the abilities of a personality that construct social intelligence and reveal its psychological essence. Social intelligence is a compound integrated complex of a personalities’ ability to recognize and solve tasks that determine the success of their social interactions. This complex integrates the following abilities of the personality: to understand different life situations and verbal and non-verbal behavioral expressions of other people; and to predict other people’s behavior. The functions of social intelligence are the successful communication of an individual with other people and social and psychological adaptation to various situations. Within the framework of the socio-experimental approach, scientists (K. Smith, R. Sternberg, etc.) believed that the psychological essence of social intelligence is presented by the social competence of the personality as a factor of intelligence in the modal social and cultural environment. Social intelligence is a type of intelligence used by a personality for effective adaptation in society.
Contrastive Viewpoint-aware Shape Learning for Long-term Person Re-Identification

Traditional approaches for Person Re-identification (Re-ID) rely heavily on modeling the appearance of persons. This measure is unreliable over longer durations due to the possibility for changes in clothing or biometric information. Furthermore, viewpoint changes significantly degrade the matching ability of these methods. In this paper, we propose “ C ontrastive V iewpoint-aware S hape L earning for Long-term Person Re-Identification” (CVSL) to address these challenges. Our method robustly extracts local and global texture-invariant human body shape cues from 2D pose using the Relational Shape Embedding branch, which consists of a pose estimator and a shape encoder built on a Graph Attention Network. To enhance the discriminability of the shape and appearance of identities under view-point variations, we propose Contrastive Viewpoint-aware Losses (CVL). CVL leverages contrastive learning to simultaneously minimize the intra-class gap under different viewpoints and maximize the inter-class gap under the same viewpoint. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on long-term person Re-ID benchmarks.
Rapid adjustment of shoreline behavior to changing seasonality of storms: observations and modelling at an open‐coast beach

An 8‐year time series of weekly shoreline data collected at the Gold Coast, Australia, is used to examine the temporal evolution of a beach, focusing on the frequency response of the shoreline to time‐varying wave height and period. Intriguingly, during 2005 the movement of the shoreline at this site changed from a seasonally‐dominated mode (annual cycle) to a storm‐dominated (~monthly) mode. This unexpected observation provides the opportunity to explore the drivers of the observed shoreline response. Utilizing the calibration of an equilibrium shoreline model to explore the time‐scales of underlying beach behavior, the best‐fit frequency response (days−1) is shown to be an order of magnitude higher post‐2004, suggesting that a relatively subtle change in wave forcing can drive a significant change in shoreline response. Analysis of available wave data reveals a statistically significant change in the seasonality of storms, from predominantly occurring at the start of the year pre‐2005 to being relatively consistent throughout the year after this time. The observed change from one mode of shoreline variability to another suggests that beaches can adapt relatively quickly to subtle changes in the intra‐annual distribution of wave energy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ageing Research Reviews Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions

Background: Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote al- terations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin dis- orders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr. 2017.12. 004 preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. Objectives: This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus re ﬂ ects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop ‘ Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms ’ in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). Conclusion: Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the e ﬀ ect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting speci ﬁ c mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, in ﬂ ammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe signi ﬁ cant impact in older age.
The role of corporate social responsibility in SMEs in eThekwini municipality in South Africa

Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have an important role to play in promoting sustainable development and social responsibility in their communities. In the eThekwini Municipality of South Africa, there are many opportunities for SMEs to engage in social responsibility activities. A validation approach can be used to assess the effectiveness of these activities and ensure that they are meeting the needs of the community. This study sought to investigate the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in eThekwini municipality in South Africa. Data collection from 210 small business owners or managers in the eThekwini Municipality revealed a significant relationship between community involvement, environmental awareness, and community upliftment in the quest to build long-term relationships with communities. The primary objective for the study was to determine and establish the CSR activities of SMEs in the eThekwini Municipality.
Association between overweight/obesity and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE. To evaluate the association between overweight/obesity and multidrug resistance in patients with and without a history of tuberculosis treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cross-sectional study of secondary data from a tuberculosis cohort, which included anthropometric and drug-sensitivity testing data at the baseline visit of patients with and without previous tuberculosis treatment. RESULTS. We evaluated 3,734 new cases and 766 with a history of having received treatment for tuberculosis. Overweight/obesity was not associated with multidrug resistance in patients with a history of tuberculosis treatment, with a prevalence ratio of 0.97 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.68-1.38. CONCLUSIONS. Overweight/obesity is not associated with multidrug resistance in tuberculosis. Overweight/obesity is a dynamic process that may influence the relationship between the immune system and the metabolic system.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Case Report in Azal hospital, Sana'a, Yemen

Toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) is a life-threatening connective tissue disorder also known as Lyell's syndrome, characterized by erythema, and epidermal detachment, manifests as blisters, and raw skin patches. Adverse drug reactions are the most common risk factors. TEN is identical with Steven-Johnson's syndrome (SJS), differs from the latter in that greater area of the skin is involved. In this article, we report a case of a 20 years old male patient who presented with complaints of lethargy, red eyes and blisters after prescription of carbamazepine. Following this, the drug was taken off immediately. The treatment included the administration of fluids and appropriate antibiotics for treating the fluid-filled vesicles. The treatment regimen continued for three weeks and was stopped when the skin lesions were minimal and there was an improvement in the overall health of the patient.
An In Silico Approach to Analyze the Potential Compound of Andrographis paniculata Against the Targets Involved in the Apoptotic and Inflammatory Pathways

: Screening Effective Biomolecules of Andrographis paniculata Inflammation can heal and revitalize. However, in some conditions, the individual develops a chronic phase of inflammation that could last for entire life. Damaged regulation of apoptotic cell death may play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cancer, and central nervous system degenerative diseases. Though different medicinal approaches are promising, they are not only expensive but more often result in side effects. As a result, there are a constantly rising need for novel, reliable, and more beneficial initiatives to control and regulate inflammation and apoptosis protein response. In this study, we have targeted tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, FAS, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand-receptor 2, B-cell lymphoma 2, caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins for apoptosis and nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and pregnane X receptor protein for inflammation. The swissADME was used to retrieve the molecular properties of Andrographis paniculata phytochemical compounds. To assess the anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory activity, the online server, the prediction of activity spectra for substances prediction, was used. AutoDock Vina software was used for docking the ligands with proteins of interest, and in the Discovery Studio software, the protein-ligand interaction was assessed and visualized. Anthranilic acid, N-methyl-, butyl ester, and Ethanone, 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)- has a potential binding with high hydrogen bonds with the targeted protein of apoptosis and inflammation and in addition, 2-(acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)biphenylene also had a good affinity with inflammation protein. Herbal pharmacological regulators of inflammation and apoptosis open up new opportunities for managing and treating various disease conditions.
Reproduktionsmedizin und Endokrinologie

ist. Diese Daten haben mittlerweile Einzug in die tägliche Beratung gefunden. Über die Fehlbildungsraten hinaus konnte die Studie auch ein erhöhtes Risiko für den Schwangerschafts-und Geburtsverlauf in Schwangerschaften nach ICSI zeigen. Dies galt z.B. für die Präeklampsie, die Frühgeburtlichkeit sowie das Risiko eines zu niedrigen Geburtsgewichts. Andere Studien zu diesem Thema konnten die in Deutschland erhobenen Daten bestätigen. Ferner konnte gezeigt werden, daß kein Unterschied besteht, wenn die Schwangerschaften nach konventioneller IVF (In-vitro-Fertilisation) oder ICSI eingetreten waren. ICSI selbst ist also offensichtlich nicht der rele-vante Risikofaktor. Ebenso wenig, auch dies konnte die deutsche ICSI-Follow-up-Studie belegen, spielt bei diesen Komplikationen die Schwere der männlichen Subfertilität eine relevante Rolle. Weitere Daten aus Studien der vergangenen 15 Jahre lassen den Schluß zu, daß die Subfertilität von Paaren selbst mit dem Risiko assoziiert ist, einen komplizierteren Verlauf von Schwangerschaft und Geburt zu erleben, sowie Kinder mit einem höheren Risiko zu gebären. Insofern muß eine Risikoaufklärung auch bei Paaren erfolgen, die mehr als 12 Monate benötigen, um zu konzipieren.
Influence of turbidity and aeration on the albedo of mountain streams

Stream surface albedo plays a key role in the energy balance of rivers and streams that are exposed to direct solar radiation. Most physically based analyses and models have incorporated a constant stream albedo between 0.03 and 0.10, based primarily on measurements from low‐gradient streams with low suspended sediment concentrations. However, albedo should vary with solar elevation angle, suspended sediment concentration, aeration, and fraction of direct versus diffuse radiation. The objective of this study was to quantify the dependence of albedo of mountain streams on the controlling factors and to develop a predictive model for use in physically based analysis and modelling of stream temperature, especially for future climate and land‐use scenarios. Stream surface albedo was measured at nine sites with a variety of gradients and suspended sediment characteristics in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. As expected, albedo of low‐gradient, non‐white water (flatwater) streams increased with solar elevation angle, suspended sediment concentration, and proportion of diffuse to direct solar radiation, ranging between 0.025 during cloudy periods over clear water to 0.25 for turbid water at elevation angles of less than 20°. Albedo was enhanced in steep reaches or at channel steps and cascades where flow was visibly aerated, with a range of 0.09 to 0.33. In clear weather, albedo exhibited notable diurnal variability at flatwater sampling sites. For example, during late summer, surface albedo typically fluctuated between 0.08 and 0.15 on a daily basis at a flatwater site on the highly turbid, glacier‐fed Lillooet River. Multiple regression models explained approximately 60% and 40% of the variance under cross validation for flatwater and white water data subsets, respectively, with corresponding root mean square errors of approximately 0.02 and 0.06.
DSKE: Digital Signatures with Key Extraction

This work introduces DSKE, digital signatures with key extraction. In a DSKE scheme, the private key can be extracted if more than a threshold of signatures on different messages are ever created while, within the threshold, each signature continues to authenticate the signed message. We give a formal definition of DSKE, as well as two provably secure constructions, one from hash-based digital signatures and one from polynomial commitments. We demonstrate that DSKE is useful for various applications, such as spam prevention and deniability. First, we introduce the Group-Forge signature scheme, leveraging DSKE constructions to achieve de-niability in digital communication. GroupForge integrates DSKE with a Merkle tree and timestamps to produce a “short-lived” signature equipped with extractable sets, ensuring deniability under a fixed public key. We illustrate that GroupForge can serve as a viable alternative to Keyforge in the non-attributable email protocol of Specter, Park, and Green (USENIX Sec ’21), thereby eliminating the need for continuous disclosure of outdated private keys. Second, we leverage the inherent extraction property of DSKE to develop a Rate-Limiting Nul-lifier (RLN) scheme. RLN efficiently identifies and expels spammers once they exceed a predetermined action threshold, thereby jeopardizing their private keys. Moreover, we implement both variants of the DSKE scheme to demonstrate their performance and show it is comparable to existing signature schemes. We also implement GroupForge from the polynomial commitment-based DSKE and illustrate the practicality of our proposed method.
An analysis of the Privacy Policy of Browser Extensions

Technological advancement has transformed our lives by bringing unparalleled convenience and efficiency. Data, particularly consumer data, essential for influencing businesses and developing personalized experiences, is at the heart of this transition. Companies may improve consumer satisfaction and loyalty by using data analysis to customize their products and services. However, the collection and utilization of consumer data raise privacy concerns. Protecting customers’ personal information is essential to maintaining trust, respecting individual autonomy, and preventing unauthorized access or misuse. Along with the protection of data, transparency is also another essential factor. When companies or organizations deal with users’ data, they are liable to inform these users of anything and everything that happens with their data. Our study focuses on the online privacy policies of Google Chrome browser extensions. We have tried to find the extensions that comply with the data protection guidelines and if all Google Chrome browser extensions are transparent enough to mention the details as per guidelines. Utilizing the power of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, we have employed advanced methodologies to extract insights from these policies.