Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A game perspective on collaborative learning among students in higher education

Abstract Understanding how students decide whether to participate during collaborative learning activities and what factors are their main concerns is important for efficient use of such activities in or out of the classroom. Based on evolutionary game theory, this study proposed a game model for collaborative learning that aimed to analyze the dynamic process by which bounded rational students adapt their strategies in collaborative learning. Based on the analysis of evolutional stable strategy in the model, the results identified perceived academic value, social gains, and social loss as motivators resulting in collaboration, while the cost of effort and time acted as the major barrier to collaborative learning. In addition, this study focused on the joint influence of these factors on students’ collaborative learning behavior. It further provided several implications for developing theory-building of collaborative learning and educational policymaking.
Utilization of Fresh Frozen Plasma and Cryoprecipitate in Factor VIII and Factor IX Deficient Hemophilia Patient

Haemophilia is one of the most common causes of inherited bleeding disorder resulting from deficiency of coagulation factor VIII or factor IX. Ideally, replacement should be done with factor concentrate. Due to economic constraints associated with its procurement, bleeding episodes are regularly dealt with Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) or cryoprecipitate in low-resource countries. This study was carried out to compare the utilization profile and clinical characteristics of haemophilia patients receiving FFP and cryoprecipitate for replacing clotting factor deficiency. This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the day care unit of the Department of Transfusion Medicine of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University between 2 groups of haemophilia patients receiving either cryoprecipitate or FFP for treatment. Out of the total 100 haemophilia patients, 50 were treated with cryoprecipitate and 50 with FFP. In FFP group, the majority of patients (48% in cryoprecipitate group and 36% in FFP group) were in the age group of more than 5 to 10 years followed by 11 to 15 years age (24% versus 30%) with a mean SD of age in cryoprecipitate group and FFP group being 11.78±5.61 and 13.42±6.12 years, respectively. About 33 (66.0%) had a history of bleeding following trauma and 32 (64.0%) had a history of spontaneous bleeding among the patients in cryoprecipitate group as a cause of swelling/bleeding and in FFP group, 23 (46.0%) had history of spontaneous bleeding followed by 23 (34.0%) with history of bleeding following trauma. Regarding the type of bleeding, oral bleeding was most common, followed by soft tissue bleeding in both group (40.0% versus 38.0%). Presence of ecchymosis in both groups was statistically significant. The difference in type of haemophilia between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.001) with a prevalence of haemophilia A of about 88%. The life expectancy of haemophilia patients is increasing dramatically day by day with successful and effective treatment with the appropriate plasma component. Cryoprecipitate is better than FFP as there is less chance of volume overload minimizing leucocyte induced non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction and rapid correction of coagulation factor.
Modes de vibration de nano-objets : des nanoparticules métalliques aux virus biologiques

Comparee a leur structure generalement tres bien caracterisee, la dynamique collective des nano-objets est assez mal connue. En une vingtaine d'annees, la diffusion inelastique de lumiere est devenue un outil puissant dans l'etude de la dynamique des nano-objets. Ce travail traite de la transposition de cette technique habituellement appliquee a l'etude des modes propres de vibration de nanoparticules solides a la recherche de modes similaires chez leur equivalent biologique, les virus. Nous revenons dans un premier temps sur les experiences Brillouin (ou Raman basse frequence) sur des verres dopes a l'or et discutons de l'utilite du tandem Fabry-Perot en particulier par l'apport de la haute resolution dans la detection des levees de degenerescence associees a l'anisotropie des parametres elastiques des nanoparticules d'or facettees. La deuxieme partie de ce travail est consacree a la recherche de modes de vibration d'ensemble sur des virus a morphologie spherique a travers l'etude de differents types d'echantillons : solutions, couches bidimensionnelles et cristaux tridimensionnels de virus. Cette partie rend compte d'une premiere determination des constantes elastiques globales d'un cristal de phytovirus. Alors que pour les virus de petite taille (15-30nm) aucune preuve indiscutable de l'existence d'un mode de vibration de virus n'a pu etre trouvee, pour un virus de plus grande taille (environ 200nm), un signal s'apparentant a un mode de vibration de virus a ete observe.
Comparison of the hepatotoxicity of low-molecular-weight versus unfractionated heparin for anticoagulation therapy after digital replantation

Purpose: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is more commonly used as an anticoagulant after digital replantation than low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). We compared the success and complication rates of these two anticoagulants, since only a few studies have made this comparison directly. Methods: Forty-four patients who underwent digital replantation for complete or incomplete digital amputation in the past 7 years at a single institution were included. The patients were divided into LMWH and UFH groups according to the anticoagulant administered. The success rates for each group were obtained, and the postoperative serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were analyzed to compare the complication rates.Results: All patients, except one, had successful recovery of circulation after replantation, and the success rate did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The statistical analysis showed that the proportion of patients with abnormal serum AST or ALT levels in the LMWH group was significantly lower than that in the UFH group.Conclusion: Although there was no significant difference in the success rate between the two groups, the risk of hepatotoxicity was significantly lower in the LMWH group than in the UFH group. Considering the advantages of LMWH, its extensive use is highly recommended for anticoagulation therapy in patients after digital replantation.
Testing Equality of Multiple Population Means under Contaminated Normal Model Using the Density Power Divergence

This paper considers the problem of comparing several means under the one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) setup. In ANOVA, outliers and heavy-tailed error distribution can seriously hinder the treatment effect, leading to false positive or false negative test results. We propose a robust test of ANOVA using an M-estimator based on the density power divergence. Compared with the existing robust and non-robust approaches, the proposed testing procedure is less affected by data contamination and improves the analysis. The asymptotic properties of the proposed test are derived under some regularity conditions. The finite-sample performance of the proposed test is examined via a series of Monte-Carlo experiments and two empirical data examples—bone marrow transplant dataset and glucose level dataset. The results produced by the proposed testing procedure are favorably compared with the classical ANOVA and robust tests based on Huber’s M-estimator and Tukey’s MM-estimator.
Asymmetric Opening of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore in Mouse Brain Hemispheres: A Link to the Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter Complex

The prolonged entry of large amounts of calcium into the mitochondria through the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex (MCUC) may cause the permeability transition pore (mPTP) to open, which contributes to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Tissue-specific differences in mPTP opening due to variable expression of MCUC components may contribute to disease outcomes. We designed this study to determine differential mPTP opening in mitochondria isolated from different regions of mouse brain and kidney and to compare it with the expression of MCUC components. mPTP opening was measured using mitochondria isolated from the left/right brain hemispheres (LH/RH, respectively) and from kidney cortex/medulla, while the expression level of MCUC components was assessed from total cellular RNA. Interestingly, LH mitochondria showed less calcium-induced mPTP opening as compared to RH mitochondria at two different calcium concentrations. Conversely, mPTP opening was similar in the renal cortex and renal medulla mitochondria. However, the kidney mitochondria demonstrated bigger and faster mPTP opening as compared to the brain mitochondria. Furthermore, asymmetric mPTP opening in the LH and RH mitochondria was not associated with the expression of MCUC components. In brief, this study demonstrates thus far unreported asymmetric mPTP opening in mouse brain hemispheres that is not associated with the mRNA levels of MCUC components.
Magnesium and Calcium Isotopic Geochemistry of Silica‐Undersaturated Alkaline Basalts: Applications for Tracing Recycled Carbon

Carbon plays important roles in the evolution of the atmosphere and biosphere, and geochemical differentiation in Earth's interior. Most subducted C is recycled to the deep mantle and returns to the surface by degassing from erupted basalts and associated fluids. The Mg–Ca isotopic systems have been widely used in tracing recycled C. However, the idea that these geochemical proxies truly reflect the deep C cycle has been challenged. Here we present whole‐rock geochemical and Mg–Ca isotopic compositions of Miocene silica‐undersaturated alkaline basalts of the Western Qinling orogen, China. These alkaline basalts are associated with carbonatites and are characterized by low SiO2 (39.0–43.2 wt.%) and Al2O3 (6.98–9.15 wt.%) contents, high CaO/Al2O3 ratios (1.4–1.8), and positive Nb–Ta and negative Pb–Zr–Hf–Ti anomalies, suggesting they were derived by partial melting of carbonatite‐metasomatized asthenospheric mantle. The studied samples have δ26Mg values of −0.24‰ to −0.44‰, ranging from mantle‐like values (δ26Mg = −0.25‰ ± 0.07‰) to lower values. This implies that carbonatite metasomatism does not always produce low‐δ26Mg anomalies. The samples have δ44/40Ca values (0.59‰–0.77‰; relative to the standard SRM915a) that are lower than Bulk Silicate Earth (0.94‰ ± 0.05‰), which are attributed to the involvement of low δ44/40Ca recycled carbonate in the mantle source. We suggest that the shift in mantle δ26Mg values during carbonatite metasomatism is controlled by the type and amount of carbonatite involved, while Ca isotope variations depend largely on the δ44/40Ca values of subducted carbonates. Mg or Ca isotopes alone, however, may not be sufficient to track the deep carbon cycle.
Immune restoration affects 10‐year survival in people living with HIV/AIDS

In recent years, a reduction in the life expectancy gap between people living with HIV (PLWH) and the general population has been observed, irrespective of CD4 lymphocyte count, due to widespread access to antiretroviral treatment. The increase in the life expectancy of PLWH has increased awareness of both the ageing process and gender discrepancies in immune restoration and survival.
The Impact of Unemployment on Voter Turnout; a Case Study of Asokwa Constituency

Voter turnout and unemployment are major concerns in the world. The research studied how unemployment impacts voter turnout by engaging the people of some selected areas of the Asokwa constituency in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. In this study, the voting patterns of electorates were examined, with the topic of unemployment receiving the greatest attention. The Asokwa constituency in Ghana's Ashanti Region was the focus of the research, which examined how unemployment affects voting behavior. With 150 people as the sample, questionnaires and oral interviews were used in the data collection process to gather the necessary data for the study. The results showed that ethnicity plays a role in voting turnout, albeit its impact is less pronounced than that of unemployment. However, it does affect voting participation to a lesser extent than unemployment. The outcomes were shown graphically to explain the data. In order to combat voter indifference, recommendations and conclusions were made to advice that voters should pay greater attention to the other components of the possible government's manifesto. Additionally, the administration was asked to do its best to keep the promises it made throughout the campaign. Finally, the electorate were urged to actively participate in political activities in order to enhance the nation's excellent governance.
BER Performance Comparison of Bit Flipping Algorithms used for Decoding of LDPC Codes

— In this paper the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of different bit flipping algorithms used for decoding of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code is compared. These algorithms mainly depend on inversion function. Through simulation results the Noisy Gradient Descent Bit flipping (NGDBF) algorithm is proved to be best till date. This algorithm provides the best BER performance, for Smoothed Noisy Gradient Descent Bit flipping (SM-NGDBF) algorithm we can obtain BER 4.86×10 -4 at 3.5db. The Multi Noisy Gradient Descent Bit flipping (M-NGDBF) algorithm requires the least number of iterations than the other algorithms proposed for decoding a codeword.
Comparing the Effectiveness of Bupivacaine Administration through Chest Tube and Intercostal Blockage in Patients with Rib Fractures

Background: There are several methods to control pain, especially in traumatic patients with rib fractures. Intrapleural analgesia (IPA) and intercostal block methods are recommended in patients with rib fractures to control pain. Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of IPA and intercostal block on patients’ clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020–2021 on thirty traumatic patients with rib fractures. We collected the results of arterial blood gas in all patients before interventions including HCO3, pH, pO2, and pCO2 and also evaluated pain of patients. The first group underwent intercostal blockade with standard method with bupivacaine, and for the second group of patients, a chest tube was implanted. Patients were monitored for up to 12 h for pain intensity and need for analgesics. Results: The mean levels of HCO3 decreased in both groups after the interventions, and this decrease was more significant in patients in the intercostal blockade group (P < 0.05). The mean levels of pO2 increased in both groups after interventions, especially in patients in the intercostal blockade group (P < 0.05). The mean pCO2 levels also decreased in both groups (P < 0.05). The mean pain intensity in both groups decreased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.05) and also the mean pain intensity in the intercostal blocking group decreased significantly more than the group treated with chest tube (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intercostal blockade through bupivacaine is more effective than chest tube administration of bupivacaine in patients with rib fractures.
Development of pearl millet flour-based cookies supplemented with mung bean and orange fleshed sweet potato flours

The study explored the feasibility of producing cookies from pearl millet flour (PMF), mung bean flour (MF) and orange fleshed sweet potato flour (OFSPF). Sixteen formulations were produced by mixing the three basic ingredients: PMF, MF and OFSPF using optimal mixture design of response surface methodology. The sensory properties of cookies developed from these flour blends were evaluated and the result showed variations among cookie samples. Three samples were selected from the optimization results and compared with 100% wheat flour cookies (control). The selected flour blend samples showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in swelling capacity and water absorption capacity. Supplementation with MF improved the protein content of cookie samples while PMF led to an appreciable increase in crude fibre, β-carotene and total phenol contents. This study has confirmed that the production of acceptable cookies of high crude fibre, micronutrients and antioxidant sources that would help reduce the problems of malnutrition and diet-related non-communicable diseases is feasible through the optimization of the basic ingredients.
Exogenous Proline, Methionine, and Melatonin Stimulate Growth, Quality, and Drought Tolerance in Cauliflower Plants

The impact of proline, methionine, and melatonin on cauliflower plants under drought stress is still unclear in the available publications. So, this research aims to study these biochemical compounds’ effects on cauliflower plants grown under well-irrigated and drought-stressed conditions. The obtained results showed that under drought-stressed conditions, foliar application of proline, methionine, and melatonin significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content (RWC), vitamin C, proline, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, and non-reducing sugar compared to the untreated plants. These treatments also significantly increased curd height, curd diameter, curd freshness, and dry matter compared to untreated plants. Conversely, the phenolic-related enzymes including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were significantly reduced compared to the untreated plants. A similar trend was observed in glucosinolates, abscisic acid (ABA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total phenols. Eventually, it can be concluded that the foliar application of proline, methionine, and melatonin can be considered a proper strategy for enhancing the growth performance and productivity of cauliflower grown under drought-stressed conditions.
State of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in N'Djamena, Chad

Food plays a significant role in health. Fruits and vegetables are an important component of a healthy diet and, when consumed daily in sufficient quantities, they could help to prevent major conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. The objective of the study is to assess the state of consumption of fruits and vegetables by the population of the city of N'Djamena. Through a descriptive cross-sectional analysis, this study will provide information on fruit and vegetable consumption of 440 households in the 10 districts in the city of N'Djamena in Chad from February 20 to June 20, 2015. The study described the hygiene conditions of fruits and vegetables, the timing of fruit consumption and the portions of fruits and vegetables consumed per day in N'Djamena. The results show that 60% of those surveyed are male and 40% female. The age group (25-40 years) represents 79.31% of the respondents, followed by the group (41-55 years) with 17.93% and 2.75% for the age group between 56 and 75 years. As for the socio-professional category, the results reveal that 31.72% of those surveyed are civil servants. The results show that households whose size varies between 0 and 5 people represent 45.51% against 31.03% for households whose size varies from 6 to 10 people. It should be noted that 11.03% of households spend a daily food ration less than or equal to 1,5 $, 24.13% of households spend between 1,5 to 3 $ per day for their daily food ration and 28.27% of households use a sum ranging from 3 to 4,5 $. The majority of respondents (93.79%) do not respect hygienic practice while 20% of respondents consume one serving of fruits and vegetables per day (per person) and 39.31% consume two portions. The impact of socio-economic difficulties on fruit and vegetable consumption is confirmed. The high household size and low daily expenses for food does not allow them to consume the 5 recommended portions. This insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables is part of a context of galloping urbanization and rising food prices. One prospect raised is to consider further surveys in population subgroups accompanied by nutrition education in order to improve the consumption of this food group.
First Results of the Wave Measurements by the WHU VLF Wave Detection System at the Chinese Great Wall Station in Antarctica

A Very Low Frequency (VLF) wave detection system has been designed at Wuhan University (WHU) and recently deployed by the Polar Research Institute of China at the Chinese Great Wall station (GWS, 62.22°S, 58.96°W) in Antarctica. With a dynamic range of ∼110 dB and timing accuracy of ∼100 ns, this detection system can provide observational data with a resolution that can facilitate space physics and space weather studies. This paper presents the first results of the wave measurements by the WHU VLF wave detection system at GWS to verify the performance of the system. With the routine operation for 3 months, the system can acquire the dynamic changes of the wave amplitudes and phases of various ground‐based VLF transmitter signals emitted in both North America and Europe. A preliminary analysis indicates that the properties of the VLF transmitter signals observed at GWS during the X‐class solar flare events are consistent with previous studies. As the HWU‐GWS path crosses the South Atlantic Anomaly region, the observations also imply a good connection in space and time between the VLF wave disturbances and the lower ionosphere variation potentially caused by magnetospheric electron precipitation during the geomagnetic storm period. It is therefore well expected that the acquisition of VLF wave data at GWS, in combination with datasets from other instruments, can be beneficial for space weather studies related to the radiation belt dynamics, terrestrial lightning discharge, whistler wave propagation, and the lower ionosphere disturbance, etc., in the polar region.
Pole placement algorithms for symmetric realisations

In this paper we propose a numerical algorithm for determining optimal output feedback gains for the pole placement task for symmetric state space systems. The algorithm is based on minimising a least squares cost criterion which is well defined even when an exact solution to the pole placement task does not exist. Thus, the proposed algorithm provides an important tool in investigating the complex structure of the pole placement task as well as a means to compute optimal output feedback gain matrices to provide a "best fit" between the system poles and the desired poles. <<ETX>>