Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In�uence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits on prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China

Background: To evaluate the prevalence of myopia in school students in Urumqi, China, and explore the in�uence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits on myopia to identify the at-risk population and provide evidence to help school students avoid developing myopia. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 6,883 school students aged 7–20 years in Urumqi in December 2019. The Standard Eye Chart and mydriatic optometry were used to determine whether students had myopia. Falconer’s method was used to calculate the heritability of parental myopia. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for myopia and the additive and multiplicative interaction of parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits.
The Addition of Herbal Additives Influences the Antioxidant Activity of Traditional Arabic Coffee

: Traditional Arabic coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the gulf region. In Saudi Arabia, people prefer to drink instant Arabic coffee with several herbal additives such as ginger, cloves, cardamom or a mixture of all of them. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effect of the most consumed additives including cloves, ginger and cardamom on the antioxidant properties of the Arabic coffee. In this research, different methods were performed to measure the antioxidant activity such as radical scavenging activity, metal ion chelating and reducing power activity. The results of the current study showed that the total polyphenol content, scavenging activity and the Fe chelating activity were significantly increased 2+ ( p< 0.05-0.001) in almost all Arabic coffee samples with herbal additives when compared to the plain Arabic coffee sample. On the other hand, total flavonoid contents were significantly decreased ( p< 0.05) only in Arabic coffee samples supplemented with either cardamom or ginger. In conclusion, herbal additives influence the antioxidant activity of Arabic coffee. This might be due to the presence of different phenolic compounds in ginger, cloves and cardamom.
DarkCVNet: Optimized Pneumonia and Covid 19 detection using CXR Images (preprint)

Since the advent of the Covid 19 infectious disease, a variety of studies have been conducted around the world in order to accurately forecast its outcome. Covid 19 is linked to the previous lung disease pneumonia, since many individuals died from severe chest congestion (pneumonic condition). The objective of this study is to use computerized x ray images to identify bacterial pneumonia, covid 19 viral pneumonia, other viral pneumonia, lung opacity and normal instinctively. It continues with a lengthy report on developments made in the accurate identification of pneumonia, followed by the authors' technique. For transfer learning, thirteen different deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were used: AlexNet, ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, VGG16, VGG19, MobileNetV2, GoogLeNet, DenseNet201, NasNetMobile, NasNetLarge, DarkNet and Inception-ResNet V2. Our data set consisting of 6530 images which are divided into five categories such as bacterial pneumonia, covid 19 viral pneumonia, other viral pneumonia, lung opacity and normal or healthy person’s x ray images, then the pre-processed images were trained for the transfer learning based classification task. Contrasting to other deep learning classification techniques with a large image data base, obtaining a large amount of pneumonia dataset for this classification task is difficult. As a result, we used several data augmentation techniques to enhance the CNN model's validation and classification accuracy as 99.50% and 98.20% respectively, and we produced significant validation accuracy. This DarkCVNet (DarkCovidNetwork) approach could be able to help with the trustworthiness and interpretability issues that come up frequently when dealing with medical images.
Versatile live-cell activity analysis platform for characterization of neuronal 1 dynamics at single-cell and network level 2

11 Chronic imaging of neuronal networks in vitro has provided fundamental insights into 12 mechanisms underlying neuronal function. Existing labeling and optical imaging 13 methods, however, cannot be used for continuous and long-term recordings of the 14 dynamics and evolution of neuronal networks, as fluorescence indicators can cause 15 phototoxicity. Here, we introduce a versatile platform for label-free, comprehensive 16 and detailed electrophysiological live-cell imaging of various neurogenic cells and 17 tissues over extended times. We report on a novel dual-mode high-density 18 microelectrode array, which can simultaneously record in i) full-frame mode with 19 19,584 recording sites and ii) high-signal-to-noise mode with 246 channels. We set out 20 to demonstrate the capabilities of this platform with recordings from primary and iPSC-21 derived neuronal cultures and tissue preparations over several weeks, providing 22 detailed morpho-electrical phenotypic parameters at subcellular, cellular and network 23 level. Moreover, we developed reliable analysis tools with drastically increased 24 throughput for extracting axonal morphology and conduction parameters. 25
Research on automatic classi�cation of Chinese papers based on LDA model and TF-IDF algorithm

To ensure the automatic classi�cation of research directions in designated �elds along with the natural semantic machine recognition of research papers, this research proposes an automatic classi�cation method based on topic probability. Initially, the feature words and their topic probabilities are calculated through the LDA topic model, and the weight of feature words in each paper is calculated by means of the TF-IDF algorithm. Finally, the topic probabilities of each feature word in the paper are weighted and normalized, thus accomplishing the topic probability distribution from words to papers. Through unsupervised classi�cation experiments on 53,780 papers in the �eld of clothing, the accuracy rate reaches 92.4%, and the F-score reaches 85.0% in comparison with professional manual classi�cation. Consequently, the probability classi�cation of paper topics proposed in this research can be directly used to solve the automatic classi�cation of papers and the automatic classi�cation of research directions.
The importance of plant-water stress for predictions of ground-level ozone in a warm world

Evapotranspiration is important for Earth’s water and energy cycles as it strongly affects air temperature, cloud cover and precipitation. Leaf stomata are the conduit of transpiration and thus their opening is sensitive to weather and climate conditions. This feedback can exacerbate heat waves and droughts and can play a role in their spatio-temporal propagation. Therefore, the plant response to available water is a key element mediating vegetation-atmosphere interactions. Sustained high temperatures strongly favor high ozone levels with significant negative effects on air quality and thus human health. Our study 5 assesses the process representation of evapotranspiration in the atmospheric chemistry model ECHAM/MESSy. Diverse water stress parametrizations are implemented in a stomatal model based on CO 2 assimilation. The stress factors depend on either soil moisture or leaf water potential and act directly on photosynthetic activity, mesophyll and stomatal conductance. Overall, the new functionalities reduce the initial overestimation of evapotranspiration in the model globally by more than one order of magnitude which is most important in the Southern Hemisphere. The intensity of simulated warm spells over continents 10 is significantly enhanced. With respect to ozone, we find that a realistic model representation of plant-water stress depresses uptake by vegetation and enhances its photochemical production in the troposphere. These effects lead to a general increases in simulated ground-level ozone which is most pronounced in the Southern Hemisphere over the continents. The uncertainties for plant dynamics representation due to too shallow roots can be addressed by more sophisticated land surface models with multi-layer soil schemes. In regions with low evaporative
An Experimental Framework for Power Analysis for Side-channel Attacks

: Side-channel attacks can be classified as cybersecurity threats that risk the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of the information. However, they are often overlooked by developers, manufacturers, and maintainers since adversaries need to access devices physically most of the time. Although they are usually ignored, the development of novel attack methods and countermeasures show that side-channel attacks maintain their importance in cybersecurity. Unfortunately, although advanced analysis methods are presented in detail, the discussion of measurement campaigns and the negative effects of environmental parameters are usually omitted in the articles. In order to close this gap, a measurement campaign that can be used in power analysis side-channel attacks, possible problems that researchers may encounter during measurements, and their solution methods are presented in this article. In addition, interference caused by a signal generator operating in the same environment has been experimentally demonstrated to show that dedicated jammers can significantly affect the performance of analysis methods.
Patentability, Industry Structure, and Innovation

This paper presents a model of sequential innovation in which industry structure is endogenous and a standard of patentability determines the proportion of all inventions that qualify for protection (in U.S. patent law, this standard is called nonobviousness; in Europe, it is called the inventive step). The rate of innovation initially rises as this standard is raised from very low levels, but eventually falls as the standard is raised to very high levels. Hence, there is a unique patentability standard that maximizes the rate of innovation. Surprisingly, this critical standard is more stringent for industries disposed to innovate rapidly. The model suggests a number of important implications for patent policy.
Crustal thickness variation in the Andean foreland, Argentina, from converted waves

Abstract Local network three-component digital data from the San Juan area, Argentina, provide the first seismological images of the deep crustal structure in the Andean foreland above a horizontal segment of the subducted Nazca plate. We have identified S -to- P seismic phases converted on the Moho by analysis of seismograms formed by taking the product of the radial and vertical components ( R * Z ) from intermediate-depth earthquakes in the Benioff zone directly beneath the network. Under the Sierras Pampeanas, the Moho is estimated to be at a depth of about 52 km. Beneath the eastern Precordillera, the Moho deepens to 55/57 km and further west, beneath the central Precordillera, to 60 km. We therefore estimate a 5° to 10° westward dip to the Moho under the Andean foreland. In both the Sierras Pampeanas and Precordillera provinces, the thickness of the ductile lower crust is comparable to that for a stable continental crust, while the brittle upper crust, implied from the spatial distribution of the seismicity, shows an important thickness increase. This rheological behavior is interpreted to be a consequence of the flattening of the dip of the subducted plate. The east-west deepening of the seismicity, the Moho, and the depth to basement under the Precordillera all suggest that the Andean foreland lithosphere is underthrusting beneath the Andes. The associated shortening is estimated to be about 15% across the Sierras Pampeanas. It is estimated to be at least 38% across the Precordillera for the part of the crust beneath the decollement, while it is up to 70% for the part above the decollement.
A Matrix-Based Symmetric Algorithm For Secure Data Storage In Public Clouds

- Cloud computing is one of the leading technologies that rules the IT world, today. It is a service-oriented model by which storage, network, and servers can be virtualized and offered as services to cloud consumers. Cloud services can be accessed through the internet which plays a major role in delivering the cloud services to the intended users. Some Cloud providers offer storage as a service free of cost with a certain amount of space. Small and Medium size businesses can rely on cloud storage for their business processes. Cloud consumers store their data in the cloud bypassing their trust boundaries. When the business data are to be stored in the public cloud, security must be ensured to prevent the data from harmful or untrusted access. A Matrix-based Symmetric algorithm is proposed in this paper, to ensure the highest level of security for storing data in the public cloud.
Differences in the on- and off-tumour microbiota between right- and left-sided colorectal cancer

Objective This study aims to determine the differences in the microbial profiles of the on- and off-tumour microbiota between patients with right- and left-sided colorectal cancer.Design Microbial profiling of on- and off-tumour biopsies from patients with right-sided (n=17) and left-sided (n=7) colorectal adenocarcinoma was performed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Results Off-tumour alpha diversity is significantly greater in right-sided compared to left-sided colorectal cancer patients. However, no differences in on-tumour alpha diversity were observed between tumour locations. Off-tumour beta diversity showed distinctive bacterial community clusters between the right and left colon, while no significant differences in beta diversity were observed in the on-tumour microbiota. The off-tumour microbiota showed the right colon to be enriched with species of the Lachnoclostridium, Selenomonas and Ruminococcus genera, whereas the left colon is enriched with Epsilonbacteraeota phylum, Campylobacteria class, and Pasteurellales and Campylobacterales orders. In contrast the on-tumour microbiota showed relatively fewer differences in bacterial taxonomy between tumour sites, with left tumours being enriched with Methylophilaceae and Vadin BE97 families and Alloprevotella, Intestinibacter, Romboutsia and Ruminococcus 2 genera. Comparison of paired on- and off-tumour microbiotas showed that patients with left-sided colorectal cancer had large taxonomic differences between their on- and off-tumour microbiota, while patients with right-sided colorectal cancer showed relatively fewer taxonomic differences.Conclusion The off-tumour microbiota is more diverse in the right compared to the left colon, showing distinct community clusters and large differences in bacterial taxonomy. In contrast the on-tumour microbiota shows no difference in bacterial diversity and relatively fewer differences in bacterial taxonomy. Collectively this suggests that the right and left colon show distinctive bacterial communities, however, the presence of a colonic tumour leads to a more consistent microbiota between locations. Trial registration number clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01701310).
ENSO Signals in Global Upper-Ocean Temperature

Abstract The time-space evolution of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation in sea surface temperature (SST) and heat storage of the upper 400 m (HS400) for the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans is investigated for 13 years (1979–1991). EOF and rotated EOF (Varimax or VRX) analyses are performed using the time series of normalized anomalies for each ocean separately and then for the global ocean. In the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the two dominant EOF modes for both SST and H5400 are associated with ENSO. For SST they account for 49% of the total variance in each mean, while for H5400 they account for over 35% of the total variance in each ocean. In the Pacific Ocean, the first EOF modes for SST and HS400 display peak values during spring-summer of 1983 and 1987. They are characterized by maximum positive loadings (or warmer temperature) in the eastern and central Pacific Ocean straddling the equator. These modes represent the peak phase of El Nino off the west coast of South America. The second modes for SST.
The Notch signaling-regulated angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potentials

Angiogenesis plays a key role in the pathological process of inflammation and invasion of the synovium, and primarily drives the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have demonstrated that the Notch signaling may represent a new therapeutic target of RA. Although the Notch signaling has been implicated in the M1 polarization of macrophages and the differentiation of lymphocytes, little is known about its role in angiogenesis in RA. In this review, we discourse the unique roles of stromal cells and adipokines in the angiogenic progression of RA, and investigate how epigenetic regulation of the Notch signaling influences angiogenesis in RA. We also discuss the interaction of the Notch-HIF signaling in RA’s angiogenesis and the potential strategies targeting the Notch signaling to improve the treatment outcomes of RA. Taken together, we further suggest new insights into future research regarding the challenges in the therapeutic strategies of RA.
IS POVERTY REALLY FALLING IN RURAL ETHIOPIA

It is generally believed that poverty in rural Ethiopia has fallen significantly since the early 1990s, thanks to improved governance and economic liberalisation policies. This paper presents several arguments that challenge this view. The first questions the methodological foundations of the panel survey data from which these positive trends are derived: we argue that the original sampling frame was so small and unrepresentative that there is no basis for extrapolating national poverty rates and trends from the six case study villages. The second argument questions the conceptual approach preferred by these studies: poverty estimates based on levels of current consumption are heavily determined in Ethiopia by seasonality, annual rainfall and food aid receipts. The third strand considers alternative sources of data on changes in well-being in Ethiopia: recent qualitative studies report that the poor perceive themselves as poorer and more vulnerable than ‘official’ poverty headcount figures suggest. Finally, we report findings from our own survey in the chronically poor and historically famineprone region formerly known as Wollo. Firstly, a significant proportion of households in the study area are destitute – destitution being defined as inability to meet basic needs, lack of key productive assets, and dependence on transfers. Secondly, the numbers of destitute people, and of people vulnerable to becoming destitute, have increased over the past ten years. Thirdly, the crisis of livelihoods underlying this trend is affecting entire communities – the dominant pattern is an aggregate downward shift, rather than stratification – and the decline of wealthier households is exacerbating the vulnerability of the poorest. These findings cast serious doubts on generalisations about poverty trends in Ethiopia. At the very least, national-level data need to be disaggregated: improving national trends may conceal pockets of entrenched poverty and a deepening livelihoods crisis in parts of rural Ethiopia.
Co-Regulated Online Learning: Formative Assessment as Learning

Course assessment is traditionally a one-way process, where an instructors evaluates pupils’ progress toward mastery. Done conscientiously, this sort of feedback can be effective, but relies upon an individual student’s ability to self-regulate, which is in turn predicated upon their ability to manage their environment and incorporate evaluations into their work. Co-regulated learning is a relatively new idea, wherein students evaluate themselves and each other, which helps the learners not only improve their own work, but absorb the underlying rationale of the lessons as well. One underexplored area is whether a co-regulated environment in which the learners are also expected to evaluate the instructor can lead to better outcomes. The authors designed doctoral-level online courses with the explicit intent of using student feedback to improve the curricula, and this study demonstrates that incorporating those assessments seemed to markedly improve enrollees’ ratings of course-design elements and their mastery of the subject matter.
The Interannual Variability in the Genesis Location of Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific

Abstract Variations in the seasonal mean (July–October) genesis positions of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific associated with variations in the large-scale atmospheric circulation are investigated. Analysis shows considerable interannual variability in the seasonal TC mean genesis positions (MGPs) during the 1979–99 period. The variability is shown to be related to the 200–850-hPa vertical wind shear, the west Pacific sea surface temperature (SST), the position and strength of the monsoon trough, and the position and strength of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). Each of these circulation features as well as the SST is, in turn, related to the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, while this study suggests that ENSO is a major factor in determining seasonal MGP, the relatively short satellite observational period also suggests that ENSO is not the sole determinant, the La Nina year of 1988 being one example. The study further suggests that the role of ENSO is complica.
Turbulent flow over urban canopies

Computations of flow over staggered arrays of cubes with various plan area density coverages are presented and discussed. A DNS technique, using an immersed boundary method for the obstacles, was employed, with typically 35 million cells. It is shown that the surface drag is predominantly form drag, which has a maximum for an area coverage around 15%. As the effective roughness of the surface increases, so does the ratio of the spatially averaged vertical and axial normal turbulence stresses at the obstacle height, so a major effect of roughness is to change the structure of the turbulence field, thus altering the way that pollutants emitted within the canopy are transported.
Determination of normative value of Psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in Bangladeshi volunteers

Background and Objectives: The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES) is a composite score of five different neuropsychological tests. It is considered as gold standard test to diagnose Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy(MHE). But one problem with PHES is that it needs normative value of its five components as they vary from population to population. So population based normative value should be derived before it is applied to that population. MHE is diagnosed when variation from this normal value occur, provided other criteria are fulfilled. The aim of this study is to find out the normative value of PHES test batteries. Methods: This cross sectional observational study among healthy volunteers took place in department of Gastroenterology, Dhaka medical college from May 2019 to April 2020. All participants in this study took part in the test according to international norm. Results: Among the 300 study population,age and years of education had significant impact on all tests score. Hence, multivariate equation adjusting age and years of education were derived. A scoring method was applied depending on deviation from predicted score for all tests. Finally, -5 PHES was determined as cut off value for normal and pathological. Conclusion: Age and education adjusted normative value of five components of PHES were constructed in Bangladeshi population. PHES cut off value was also determined. Now it is possible to calculate PHES among liver cirrhosis patients of Bangladesh. J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41(4): 277-281