Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability and Efﬁcacy of Levoﬂoxacin against Francisella tularensis in the Common Marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) (cid:1)

Pharmacokinetic and efﬁcacy studies with levoﬂoxacin were performed in the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) model of inhalational tularemia. Plasma levoﬂoxacin pharmacokinetics were determined in six animals in separate single-dose and multidose studies. Plasma drug concentrations were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-electrospray ionization. On day 7 of a twice-daily dosing regimen of 40 mg/kg, the levoﬂoxacin half-life, maximum concentration, and area under the curve in marmoset plasma were 2.3 h, 20.9 (cid:1) g/ml, and 81.4 (cid:1) g/liter/h, respectively. An efﬁcacy study was undertaken using eight treated and two untreated control animals. Marmosets were challenged with a mean of 1.5 (cid:2) 10 2 CFU of Francisella tularensis by the airborne route. Treated animals were administered 16.5 mg/kg levoﬂoxacin by mouth twice daily, based on the pharmacokinetic parameters, beginning 24 h after challenge. Control animals had a raised core body temperature by 57 h postchallenge and died from infection by day 5. All of the other animals survived, remained afebrile, and lacked overt clinical signs. No bacteria were recovered from the organs of these animals at postmortem after culling at day 24 postchallenge. In conclusion, postexposure prophylaxis with orally administered levoﬂoxacin was efﬁcacious against acute inhalational tularemia in the common marmoset. The marmoset appears to be an appropriate animal model for the evaluation of postexposure therapies.
ScholarWorks @ UTRGV ScholarWorks @ UTRGV Phytochemical investigation of Magnolia grandiflora green seed Phytochemical investigation of Magnolia grandiflora green seed cones: Analytical and phytoceutical studies cones: Analytical and phytoceutical studies

Phytochemicals are inevitable part of human civilization. It is impossible to say ex-actly when menfolk started to take plant portions to cure various diseases. Phytochemical investigation of diethyl ether and ethanol extracts of Magnolia grandi‐ flora green seed cones has been carried out. Extraction, isolation, and identification of the phytochemicals were carried out. Structures were determined by various analytical methods including extensive nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatogra-phy-mass spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Structures of the three compounds viz . 5,5′‐diallyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′‐diol ( I ), 3′,5‐diallyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,4′‐ diol ( II ), and (3 S ,3 aS ,8 S ,9 aS ,10 aR ,10 bS , E )-8-hydroxy-3,6,9 a -trimethyl-3 a ,4,5,8,9,9 a , 10 a ,10 b ‐octahydrooxireno[2′,3′:9,10]cyclodeca[1,2‐ b ]furan‐2(3 H )-one ( III ) were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. GS-MS studies of the isolated oil, eluted with hexanes, revealed the presence of eight compounds including two highly bio-privileged molecules 5,5′‐diallyl‐2′‐methoxy‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐ol ( IV ) and 1-(4-isopro-pylbenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2 H ‐benzo[ d ]imidazol‐2‐one ( V ). The druggability of the five compounds has also been determined by in silico studies. The isolated compounds and/or their semi-synthetic products may find application in natural drug development research.
Con-Practice Parameters for the Use of Continuous and Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Devices to Treat Adult Patients With Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders PRACTICE

Summary: Positive airway pressure (PAP) devices are used to treat patients with sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Currently, PAP devices come in three forms: (1) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), (2) bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), and (3) automatic self-adjusting positive airway pressure (APAP). After a patient is diagnosed with OSA, the current standard of practice involves performing full, attended polysomnography during which positive pressure is adjusted to determine optimal pressure for maintain-ing airway patency. This titration is used to ﬁnd a ﬁxed single pressure for subsequent nightly usage. A task force of the Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine reviewed the avail-able literature. Based on this review, the Standards of Practice Committee developed these practice parameters as a guideline for using CPAP and BPAP appropriately (an earlier review and practice parameters for APAP was published in 2002). Major conclusions and current recommendations are as follows: 1) A diagnosis of OSA must be established by an acceptable method. 2) CPAP is effective for treating OSA. 3) Full-night, attended studies performed in the laboratory are the preferred approach for titration to determine optimal pressure; however, split-night, diagnostic-titration studies are usually adequate. 4) CPAP usage should be monitored objectively to help assure utilization. 5) Initial CPAP follow-up is recommended during the ﬁrst few weeks to establish utilization pattern and provide remediation if needed. 6) Longer-term follow-up is recommended yearly or as needed to address mask, machine, or usage problems. 7) Heated hu-midiﬁcation and a systematic educational program are recommended to improve CPAP utilization.8) Some functional outcomes such as subjective sleepiness improve with positive pressure treatment in patients with OSA. and BPAP therapy are safe; side effects and adverse events are mainly minor and reversible. 10) BPAP may be useful in treating some forms of restrictive lung disease or hypoventilation syndromes associated with hypercapnia.
ANALYSIS OF BLOOD CIRCULATING SERUM BIOMARKERS FOR THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER TNM STAGE II of Circulating Serum Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

: Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer (after lung cancer), and the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women worldwide, accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality. Objectives of the study: This study aimed to assess the blood circulating serum biomarkers for the early diagnosis of breast cancer TNM stage II. Methodology of the study: This study was done at maternity hospital Gujranwala during 2017. All the studies were done according to the rules and regulations of ethical committee. The main eligibility requirements for this study included the patient's written informed consent, metastatic breast cancer, patients entering first-line chemotherapy. Results: The results indicates that CTC, CEA and ALP are the best indicating serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and progression of breast cancer. Mean, median and SD shows that there is a significant relationship in these serum biomarkers. Conclusion: It is concluded that biomarkers and TAC are the useful tool for the analysis of progression of breast cancer in females. Blood
The Missing Link Between High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and In ﬂ ammatory Response in Cardiovascular Disease

interstage myocardial infarction observed with staged CAS-OHS (in most cases, PCI can be safely performed first) and perioperative stroke observed with combined CEA-OHS (1). In this regard, because the majority of stroke during OHS are related to aortic cross-clamping, an off-pump surgical approach would be advisable, as recently suggested (4). Finally, patients not suitable for PCI may take advantage of another option; that is, a simultaneous hybrid revascularization by CAS immediately followed by coronary artery bypass graft, which displayed a cumulative 30-day and 12-month event rate of 4% and 7%, respectively, after a tailored antithrombotic strategy (5).
Resuscitation Procedures in Emergency Setting Resuscitation Procedures in Emergency Setting

The physicians of the emergency department have great mission as they have to man- age these critically ill patients and stabilize them by effectively using their own skills in order to improve their patients’ condition. It is very important to understand when a procedure is needed in emergency situation and to make all efforts to achieve that goal in a timely and safe manner and to follow the protocols and guidelines. There are some procedures which are lifesaving and imminent to resuscitation and considered adjuncts to resuscitation. Effective and lifesaving resuscitation cannot be completed without these procedures. This chapter will help the emergency physician (EP) to better understand and develop the required technical skills to achieve the highest level of care that will have direct impact on patients’ outcome.
Identifying heterogeneity in rates of morphological evolution

: Quantifying rates of morphological evolution is important in many macroevolutionary studies, and critical when assessing possible adaptive radiations and episodes of punctuated equilibrium in the fossil record. However, studies of morphological rates of change have lagged behind those on taxonomic diversification, and most authors have focused on continuous characters and quantifying patterns of morphological rates over time. Here, we provide a phylogenetic approach, using discrete characters and three statistical tests to determine points on a cladogram (branches or entire clades) that are characterized by significantly high or low rates of change. These methods include a randomization approach that identifies branches with significantly high rates and likelihood ratio tests that pinpoint either branches or clades that have significantly higher or lower rates than the pooled rate of the remainder of the tree. As a test case for these methods we analyze a discrete character dataset of lungfish, which have long been regarded as “living fossils” due to an apparent slow down in rates since the Devonian. We find that morphological rates are highly heterogeneous across the phylogeny and recover a general pattern of decreasing rates along the phylogenetic backbone towards living taxa, from the Devonian until the present. Compared with previous work, we are able to report a more nuanced picture of lungfish evolution using these new methods.
PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY Updated Risk Factor Values and the Ability of the Multivariable Risk Score to Predict Coronary Heart Disease

Most existing coronary risk assessment methods are based on baseline data only. The authors compared the predictive ability of coronary multivariable risk scores based on updated versus baseline risk factors and investigated the optimal frequency of updating. Data from 16 biennial examinations of 4,962 subjects from the original Framingham Heart Study (1948–1978) were used. The predictive ability of three multivariable risk scores was evaluated through 10-fold cross-validation. The baseline-only multivariable risk score was computed using baseline values of coronary risk factors applied to a Cox model estimated from baseline data. The two other approaches relied on updated risk factors and included them in the models estimated from, respectively, baseline and updated data. All analyses were stratified by sex and age. For 30, 14, and 10 years of follow-up, the predictive ability of the baseline-only multivariable risk score was substantially poorer than that of the models using updated risk factors. Between the two latter models, the one estimated from updated data ensured better prediction than the one estimated from baseline data for 30 years of follow-up among younger subjects only. The results suggest that coronary risk assessment can be improved by utilizing updated risk factors and that the optimal frequency of updating may vary across subpopulations.
A systematic literature review of Native American and Islanders' perspectives on health data privacy in the United States.

Background: Privacy-related concerns can prevent equitable participation in health research by US Indigenous communities. However, studies focused on these communities’ views regarding health data privacy, including systematic reviews, are lacking. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review analyzing empirical, US-based studies involving American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Native Hawaiian or other Paciﬁc Islander (NHPI) perspectives on health data privacy, which we deﬁne as the practice of maintaining the security and conﬁdentiality of an individual’s personal health records and/or biological samples (including data derived from biological specimens, such as personal genetic information), as well as the secure and approved use of those data. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3234 AI/AN and NHPI participants were eligible for review. The results of this review suggest that concerns about the privacy of health data are both prevalent and complex in AI/AN and NHPI communities. Many respondents raised concerns about the potential for misuse of their health data, including discrimination or stigma, conﬁdentiality breaches, and undesirable or unknown uses of biological specimens. Conclusions: Participants cited a variety of individual and community-level concerns about the privacy of their health data, and indicated that these deter their willingness to participate in health research. Future investiga-tions should explore in more depth which health data privacy concerns are most salient to speciﬁc AI/AN and NHPI communities, and identify the practices that will make the collection and use of health data more trustwor-thy and transparent for participants.
Efﬁcient Maintenance of all k -Dominant Skyline Query Results for Frequently Updated Database

—Skyline queries are useful to multi-criteria decision making as they represent the set of all solutions that the user can safely take without fear that something better is out there. It can act as a ﬁlter to discard sub-optimal objects. However, a major drawback of skylines is that, in datasets with many dimensions, the number of skyline objects becomes large and no longer offer any interesting insights. To solve the problem, k -dominant skyline queries have been introduced, which can reduce the number of retrieved objects by relaxing the deﬁnition of the dominance. Though it can reduce the number of retrieved objects, the k -dominant skyline objects are difﬁcult to maintain if the database is updated. This paper addresses the problem of maintaining k -dominant skyline objects for frequently updated database. We propose an algorithm for maintaining k -dominant skyline objects. An extensive performance evaluation using both real and synthetic datasets demonstrated that our method is efﬁcient and scalable.
Explorer All-order results for infrared and collinear singularities in massless gauge theories

We review recent results concerning the all-order structure of infrared and collinear divergences in massless gauge theory amplitudes. While the exponentiation of these divergences for non-abelian gauge theories has been understood for a long time, in the past couple of years we have begun to unravel the all-order structure of the anomalous dimensions that build up the perturbative exponent. In the large- N c limit, all infrared and collinear divergences are determined by just three functions; one of them, the cusp anomalous dimension, plays a key role also for non-planar contributions. Indeed, all infrared and collinear divergences of massless gauge theory amplitudes with any number of hard partons may be captured by a surprisingly simple expression constructed as a sum over color dipoles. Potential corrections to this expression, correlating four or more hard partons at three loops or beyond, are tightly constrained and are currently under study.
Development of a Clinical Pain Scale for Preterm Neonates

: This instrument developmental research developed a pain scale for preterm neonates and to examine its psychometric properties. A developmental neurobiological approach was used to guide construction of the scale. Seven pain indicators were initially identified by the synthesis of data from a concept analysis, clinical observations, and expert interview; and were then reviewed for content validity by a panel of six experts. After the review, the respiratory support indicator was eliminated. Six indicators remained with two scoring formats for two age groups (< 32 weeks and ≥ 32 weeks to 36 weeks and 6 days) During psychometric testing, 53 blood collecting occasions from 19 preterm neonates in two neonatal intensice care units in Thailand were examined by two observers using the 6 -indicator Clinical Pain Scale for Preterm Neonates scale and the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised scale. Prior to reliability analysis, length of the unit stay and previous pain exposure indicators were deleted because of low inter-item and item-total correlations. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the 4 -indicator scale was 0.94 and the intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 1.00. Construct validity was tested by comparing median pain scores of three phases. The results revealed that the median pain score of the puncture phase was significantly higher than those of baseline and recovery phases. Convergence examination showed a positive correlation between pain scores measured by the new scale and the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised Scale. Clinical utility evaluation of the new scale revealed satisfactory results. Thus, the Clinical Pain Scale for Preterm Neonates scale proved to be valid, reliable, and clinically applicable for procedural pain assessment in preterm neonates in neonatal intensive care unit. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs Res 22(4) 347-359
Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields

Fueled by more than 30 years of intensive research and debate on the impact of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on everyday life—starting with residential exposure to magnetic fields and the development of childhood cancer in the 70s and continuing with risk of exposure via wireless communications in present day—Epidemiology of Electromagnetic Fields addresses ongoing public and scientific controversy surrounding the possible effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) to human health and provides an in-depth introduction into the methodology of environmental epidemiology that is appropriate for all levels, from student to practicing engineer.
Role of Cell Surface Signaling in Proteolysis of an Alternative Sigma Factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (cid:1)

Alternative sigma factor proteins enable transcription of speciﬁc sets of genes in bacterial cells. Their activities can be controlled by posttranslational mechanisms including inhibition by antisigma proteins and proteolytic degradation. PvdS is an alternative sigma factor that is required for expression of genes involved in synthesis of a siderophore, pyoverdine, by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . In the absence of pyoverdine, the activity of PvdS is inhibited by a membrane-spanning antisigma factor, FpvR. Inhibition is relieved by a cell surface signaling pathway. In this pathway, a combination of pyoverdine and a cell surface receptor protein, FpvA, suppresses the antisigma activity of FpvR, enabling transcription of PvdS-dependent genes. In this research, we investigated proteolytic degradation of PvdS in response to the signaling pathway. Proteolysis of PvdS was observed in strains of P. aeruginosa in which FpvR had anti-sigma factor activity due to the absence of pyoverdine or the FpvA receptor protein or overproduction of FpvR. Suppression of antisigma activity by addition of pyoverdine or through the absence of FpvR prevented detectable proteolysis of PvdS. The amounts of PvdS were less in bacteria in which proteolysis was observed, and reporter gene assays showed that this reduction was not due to decreased expression of PvdS. In wild-type bacteria, there was an average of 730 molecules of PvdS per cell in late exponential growth phase. Our results show that proteolysis
CO 2 -Triggered Chloride Release from Guard Cells in Intact Fava Bean Leaves. Kinetics of the Onset of Stomatal Closure 1

The influence of CO 2 on Cl (cid:1) release from guard cells was investigated within the intact leaf by monitoring the Cl (cid:1) activity in the apoplastic fluid of guard cells with a Cl (cid:1) -sensitive microelectrode. In illuminated leaves adapted to a CO 2 concentration within the cuvette of 350 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 , an increase of 250 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 CO 2 triggered a transient rise in the apoplastic Cl (cid:1) activity from 3 to 14 m m within 10 min. This Cl (cid:1) response was similar to the Cl (cid:1) efflux evoked by turning off the light, when the substomatal CO 2 was kept constant (CO 2 clamp). Without CO 2 clamp, substomatal CO 2 increased by 120 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 upon “light off. ” The response to an increase in CO 2 within the cuvette from 250 to 500 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 in dark-adapted leaves was equivalent to the response to an increase from 350 to 600 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 in the light. No Cl (cid:1) efflux was triggered by 2-min CO 2 pulses (150–800 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 ). After a switch from 350 (cid:1) L L (cid:1) 1 to CO 2 -free cuvette air, the guard cells were less sensitive to a rise in CO 2 and to light off, but the sensitivity to both stimuli partially recovered. Changes in CO 2 also caused changes of the guard cell apoplastic voltage, which were generally faster than the observed Cl (cid:1) responses, and which also promptly occurred when CO 2 did not initiate Cl (cid:1) efflux. The comparatively slow activation of Cl (cid:1) efflux by CO 2 indicates that an intermediate effector derived from CO 2 has to accumulate to fully activate plasma membrane anion channels of guard cells.
Yawn contagion in humans and bonobos: emotional affinity more than species matters

In humans and apes, yawn contagion echoes emotional contagion, the basal layer of empathy. Hence, yawn contagion is a unique tool to compare empathy across species. If humans are the most empathic animal species, they should show the highest empathic response also at the level of emotional contagion. We gathered data on yawn contagion in humans ( Homo sapiens ) and bonobos ( Pan paniscus ) by applying the same observational paradigm and identical operational definitions. We selected a naturalistic approach because experimental management practices can produce different psychological and behavioural biases in the two species, and differential attention to artificial stimuli. Within species, yawn contagion was highest between strongly bonded subjects. Between species, sensitivity to others' yawns was higher in humans than in bonobos when involving kin and friends but was similar when considering weakly-bonded subjects. Thus, emotional contagion is not always highest in humans. The cognitive components concur in awakening and nourishing emotional affinity between individuals. Yet, when they are not in play, humans climb down from the empathic podium to return to the "understory", which our species shares with apes. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
A Virtual Driving Simulator for Eco-Driving Training

This paper proposes a virtual driving simulator for providing efficient driving style training (eco-driving training). The proposed system consists of a personal computer and a controller for eco-driving training, which involves improving fuel efficiency and reducing the wear of consumables based on visual and auditory feedback. We compared fuel economies and levels of consumable wear on three experiments (none, visual, visual+auditory). The experimental results confirm that higher fuel economy can be achieved and consumable wear be reduced when they received feedback from the proposed system compared to driving without eco-driving training.
Microsoft Word-gloeckner_etal_revision_061013.docx

To whom correspondence should be addressed: Junko Yano, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 66-0200, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 947208099, USA, Tel. : (510) 486-4366; E-mail: jyano@lbl.gov; Vittal Yachandra, Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 66-0200, 1 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720-8099, USA, Tel. : (510) 486-4963; E-mail: vkyachandra@lbl.gov; Athina Zouni, Institut für Chemie/Max-Volmer-Laboratorium für Biophysikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany, E-mail: zouni@mailbox.tu-berlin.de