Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of spin-state transition in epitaxially strained LaCoO 3

Epitaxial thin films of ${\text{LaCoO}}_{3}$ $(e\text{-LCO})$ exhibit ferromagnetic order with a transition temperature ${T}_{C}=85\text{ }\text{K}$ while polycrystalline thin ${\text{LaCoO}}_{3}$ films $(p\text{-LCO})$ remain paramagnetic. The temperature-dependent spin-state structure for both $e\text{-LCO}$ and $p\text{-LCO}$ was studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the $\text{Co}\text{ }{L}_{2,3}$ and $\text{O}\text{ }K$ edges. Considerable spectral redistributions over temperature are observed for $p\text{-LCO}$. The spectra for $e\text{-LCO}$, on the other hand, do not show any significant changes for temperatures between 30 and 450 K at both edges, indicating that the spin state remains constant and that the epitaxial strain inhibits any population of the low-spin $(S=0)$ state with decreasing temperature. This observation identifies an important prerequisite for ferromagnetism in $e\text{-LCO}$ thin films.
Nucleation and Annihilation of Magnetic Vortices in Sub-micron Permalloy Disks

The magnetization reversal processes in Fe/sub 20/Ni/sub 80/ dot arrays have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The circular-shaped dots with thickness of 60 nm and variable diameters of 0.2-0.8 /spl mu/m were fabricated by using electron-beam lithography and lift-off technique. A size dependent vortex nucleation, annihilation and initial susceptibility were determined from magneto-optical hysteresis loops. With increasing dot diameter the nucleation and annihilation fields decrease, whereas the initial susceptibility exhibits a linear increase. The experimental data were compared to the results of analytical calculations taking into account magnetostatic interactions, exchange and Zeeman energies for a planar array of magnetically soft circular dots.
Mirage in the sky: Nonthermal dark matter, gravitino problem, and cosmic ray anomalies

Recent anomalies in cosmic rays could be due to dark matter annihilation in our galaxy. In order to get the required large cross section to explain the data while still obtaining the right relic density, we rely on a nonstandard thermal history between dark matter freeze out and big-bang nucleosynthesis. We show that through a reheating phase from the decay of a heavy moduli or even the gravitino, we can produce the right relic density of dark matter if its self-annihilation cross section is large enough. In addition to fitting the recent data, this scenario solves the cosmological moduli and gravitino problems. We illustrate this mechanism with a specific example in the context of U(1){sub B-L} extended minimal supersymmetric standard model where supersymmetry is broken via mirage mediation. These string motivated models naturally contain heavy moduli decaying to the gravitino, whose subsequent decay to the LSP can reheat the Universe at a low temperature. The right-handed sneutrino and the B-L gaugino can both be viable dark matter candidates with a large cross section. They are leptophilic because of B-L charges. We also show that it is possible to distinguish the nonthermal from the thermal scenario (using Sommerfeld enhancement) in directmore » detection experiments for certain regions of parameter space. « less
Design and Study of a Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS Application

A microstrip patch antenna for Global Positioning System (GPS) application is presented in this study. It has a rectangular shape with two notched slots. The notched slots are introduced to improve the adaptation between the microstrip line and the antenna. The antenna was designed and simulated by CST using FR-4 material as the substrate with relative permittivity of 4.3. The proposed microstrip antenna is designed to operate in the GPS band frequency from 1.555 GHz to 1.595 GHz. The performance analysis of the proposed antennas has been carried out in terms of return loss (dB), gain (dB), and VSWR.
Mitigating Cut Losses in Interdigitated Back Contact Solar Cells

The edge recombination losses of crystalline silicon solar cells become significant when they are cut into smaller pieces to be assembled into modules. With the interdigitated pattern of doped <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$</tex-math></inline-formula> regions on the rear side, the interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells can be cut through different doped regions. In this study, the cutting losses in IBC solar cells are investigated and various cutting scenarios are studied. Through simulations and experimental measurements, it is found that the cut losses can be reduced by cutting through the back surface field rather than through the emitter. The losses under low light intensity are reduced to an even greater extent. When a 23% cell is cut into 1/3 pieces, the efficiency can be increased by 1.2%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\mathrm{rel}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (cut related losses were improved from 2.0%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\mathrm{rel}$</tex-math></inline-formula> to 0.8%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\mathrm{rel}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) under standard 1-sun testing conditions, compared to cutting through the emitter. Under low light intensity of 0.25 sun, the improvement is around 2.4%<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_\mathrm{rel}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. The improvement is mainly due to lower FF losses in the I–V characteristics, and this is further confirmed by Suns–<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text{oc}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and PL measurements. In the pFF analysis, the additional losses due to laser damage are also observed. This strategy of cutting through the BSF region in IBC solar cells can be quickly adopted in mass production without the need for additional processes or equipment and both module power and energy yield can be increased.
Research Progress of AP2/ERF Transcription Factor Family in Important Crops

Plants have the ability to show responses against various environmental stresses. It is one of the necessities to understand stress response mechanisms to improve crops productivity and quality, under the stressed condition. The AP2/ERF transcription factors are one of the putative candidates that are involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stress. Most of the research has been conducted on functional analysis of AP2/ERF genes in many plants; however, a comprehensive review is required to show a broad picture of functionally characterized AP2/ERF in different plants. In this study, a comprehensive review is carried on genome-wide studies of AP2/ERF gene family and their evolutionary divergence in plant species including mustard (Arabidopsis, brassica), cereal (rice, wheat, maize, sorghum), and fiber (upland cotton and island cotton). Review exhibited that AP2/ERF superfamily is classified into four sub-families e.g. AP2, DREB, ERF, RAV and solicit, in which the ERF was the largest sub-family of AP2/ERF superfamily. Each subfamily was further divided into multiple groups and sub-groups. Furthermore, each plant species showed different number of paralogs showing correspondence to the plant genome size . e.g. higher genome possess higher gene copy number. The change in copy number may be due to either tandem gene duplication or whole genome duplication during evolutionary adaptation that developed special feature in plant species under environmental stresses. Moreover, current study also surveyed on the expression of AP/ERF genes with the conclusion that expression of AP2/ERF produced tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. However further studies are required to improve crops resistance by studying the same variables and gene families in different plants.
Asymptotic latent solitons, black strings, and black branes inf(R)gravity

We investigate nonlinear $f(R)$ theories in the Kaluza-Klein models with toroidal compactification of extra dimensions. A pointlike matter source has the dustlike equation of state in our three dimensions and nonzero equations of state in the extra dimensions. We obtain solutions of linearized Einstein equations with this matter source taking into account effects of nonlinearity of the model. There are two asymptotic regions where solutions satisfy the gravitational tests at the same level of accuracy as general relativity. According to these asymptotic regions, there are two classes of solutions. We call these solutions asymptotic latent solitons. The asymptotic latent solitons from the first class generalize the known result of the linear theory. The asymptotic black strings and black branes are particular cases of these asymptotic solutions. The second class of asymptotic solitons exists only in multidimensional nonlinear models. The main feature for both of these classes of solutions is that the matter sources have tension in the extra dimensions.
Study of Inflation using Stationary Test with Augmented Dickey Fuller & Phillips-Peron Unit Root Test (Case in Bukittinggi City Inflation for 2014-2019)

This classical regression model is designed to handle the relationship between stationary variables and should not be applied to non-stationary series. A time series data is said to be stationary if the mean, variance, and covariance remain constant over time. The problem associated with non-stationary variables, and often encountered by researchers when dealing with time series data, is spurious regression. A clear indicator of false regression is the low Durbin-Watson statistic but has a higher coefficient of determination (R2). Therefore, before doing modeling or forecasting using time series data, it is very important to do a stationary test. In this study, we use inflation data in the City of Bukittinggi from January 2014 to December 2019 as a case study. The data shows an uptrend and correlated error terms. Empirical results show that inflation data in Bukittinggi City is a stationary series.
Entropy/area spectra of the charged black hole from quasinormal modes

With the new physical interpretation of quasinormal modes proposed by Maggiore, the quantum area spectra of black holes have been investigated recently. Adopting the modified Hod's treatment, results show that the area spectra for black holes are equally spaced and the spacings are in a unified form, $△A=8\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\hbar}$, in Einstein gravity. On the other hand, following Kunstatter's method, the studies show that the area spectrum for a nonrotating black hole with no charge is equidistant. And for a rotating (or charged) black hole, it is also equidistant and independent of the angular momentum $J$ (or charge $q$) when the black hole is far from the extremal case. In this paper, we mainly deal with the area spectrum of the stringy charged Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger black hole, originating from the effective action that emerges in low-energy string theory. We find that both methods give the same results---that the area spectrum is equally spaced and does not depend on the charge $q$. Our study may provide new insights into understanding the area spectrum and entropy spectrum for stringy black holes.
Time-delayed feedback control of the Dicke–Hepp–Lieb superradiant quantum phase transition

We apply the time-delayed Pyragas control scheme to the dissipative Dicke model via a modulation of the atom-field-coupling. The feedback creates an infinite sequence of non-equilibrium phases with fixed points and limit cycles in the primary superradiant regime. We analyse this Hopf bifurcation scenario as a function of delay time and feedback strength and determine analytical conditions for the phase boundaries.
Bondi accretion in early-type galaxies

Accretion onto central massive black holes in galaxies is often modelled with the Bondi solution. In this paper we study a generalization of the classical Bondi accretion theory, considering the additional effects of the gravitational potential of the host galaxy, and of electron scattering in the optically thin limit. We provide a general analysis of the bias in the estimates of the Bondi radius and mass accretion rate, when adopting as fiducial values for the density and temperature at infinity the values of these quantities measured at finite distance from the central black hole. We also give general formulae to compute the correction terms of the critical accretion parameter in relevant asymptotic regimes. A full analytical discussion is presented in the case of an Hernquist galaxy, when the problem reduces to the discussion of a cubic equation, therefore allowing for more than one critical point in the accretion structure. The results are useful for observational works (especially in the case of low-luminosity systems), as well as for numerical simulations, where accretion rates are usually defined in terms of the gas properties near the
Improved Loss-Tolerant Quantum Coin Flipping

In this paper, we present a loss-tolerant quantum strong coin flipping protocol with bias 0.359. This is an improvement over Berlin etal's protocol [BBBG08] which achieves a bias of 0.4. To achieve this, we extend Berlin et al.'s protocol by adding an encryption step that hides some information to Bob until he confirms that he successfully measured. We also show using numerical analysis that a we cannot improve this bias by considering a k-fold repetition of Berlin etal's protocol for k > 2.
A contribuition to the study of channel coding in wireless communication systems

Recently, minimum and non-minimum delay perfect codes were proposed for any channel of dimension n. Their construction appears in the literature as a subset of cyclic division algebras over Q(ξ3) only for the dimension n = 2n1, where s ∈ {0,1}, n1 is odd and the signal constellations are isomorphic to Z[ξ3]. In this work, we review the cyclic division algebra and we propose an innovative methodology to extend the construction of minimum and non-minimum delay perfect codes as a subset of cyclic division algebras overQ(ξ3), where the signal constellations are isomorphic to the hexagonalA n 2 -rotated lattice, for any channel of any dimension n such that gcd(n,3) = 1. Also, interference is usually viewed as an obstacle to communication in wireless networks, so we developed a new methodology to quantize the channel coefficients in order to realize interference alignment onto a lattice. Our channel model is the same from the compute-and-forward strategy. In this new methodology, we have described a way to find an infinite nested lattice partition chain for any dimension n= 2r−2, where r ≥ 3, and we made use of the binary cyclotomic fieldQ(ξ2r), with r≥ 3. Thus, for the complex case, we developed the generalization to obtain such infinite nested lattice partition chains and we also developed a methodology for the real case. This new methodology used to solve the problem is original and can contributes greatly to the area, that is, it can be very useful in future developments.
Aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en arquitectura e inspirándose en ella en diseños innovadores = Applications of nanotechnology in architecture and inspiring by it in innovative designs

A principios del tercer milenio dC, se prometió a la nanotecnología otra Revolución Industrial, conocida como la cuarta ola de la Revolución Industrial. Muchos investigadores, como John MacLane Johansen, Calatrava…, creen que en un futuro cercano, todos los objetos se fabricarán sobre la base de la nano escala y sus propiedades se formarán en esa escala, y la producción de todos los objetos hechos a mano cambiará. Por lo tanto, la transformación de los materiales de construcción y la tecnología de la construcción parece posible y sus efectos en la arquitectura deben examinarse a partir de ahora. Este artículo pretende estudiar los efectos de la nanotecnología en el campo de la arquitectura mediante el estudio del uso de nanomateriales y el cambio de la estructura de las células y la forma arquitectónica. La nano arquitectura puede inspirarse en la nanotecnología, que produce una variedad de efectos. La nanotecnología tendrá un gran impacto en los materiales de construcción y sus propiedades, pero la inspiración de los arquitectos en las estructuras de nanopartículas también es importante porque es una gran fuente de conceptos para inspirar el diseño arquitectónico que puede mostrar una arquitectura extraordinaria. Por lo tanto, nano puede considerarse como un elemento en la evolución de la arquitectura en términos de función y forma que puede moverse en línea con la última tecnología en el mundo.AbstractAt the beginning of the third millennium AD, nanotechnology has been promised another Industrial Revolution, known as the fourth wave of the Industrial Revolution. Many researchers same John MacLane Johansen, Calatrava…, believe that soon, all objects will be made on the basis of the nanoscale and their properties will be formed on that scale, and the production of all handmade objects will change. Therefore, the transformation of building materials and construction technology seems possible and its effects on architecture should be examined from now on. This article intends to study the effects of nanotechnology in the field of architecture by studying the use of nano-based materials and changing the structure of cells and architectural form. Nano architecture can be inspired by nanotechnology, which produces a variety of effects. Nanotechnology will have a great impact on building materials and their properties, but architects' inspiration from nanoparticle structures is also important because it is a huge source of concepts in inspiring architectural design that can display extraordinary architecture. Therefore, nano can be considered as an element in the evolution of architecture in terms of function and form that can move in line with the latest technology in the world.
Studying the asymmetry of the GC population of NGC 4261

We present an analysis of the Globular Cluster (GC) population of the elliptical galaxy NGC 4261 based on HST WFPC2 data in the B, V and I bands. We study the spatial distribution of the GCs in order to probe the anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution of the discrete X-ray sources in the galaxy revealed by Chandra images (Zezas et al. 2003). The luminosity function of our GC sample (complete at the 90% level for V_mag = 23.8 mag) peaks at V_mag = 25.1 (-0.6)(+1.0) mag, which corresponds to a distance consistent with previous measurements. The colour distribution can be interpreted as being the superposition of a blue and red GC component with average colours V-I = 1.01 (-0.06)(+0.06) mag and 1.27 (-0.08)(+0.06) mag, respectively. This is consistent with a bimodal colour distribution typical of elliptical galaxies. The red GC's radial profile is steeper than that of the galaxy surface brightness, while the profile of the blue subpopulation looks more consistent with it. The most striking finding is the significant asymmetry in the azimuthal distribution of the GC population about a NE-SW direction. The lack of any obvious feature in the morphology of the galaxy suggests that the asymmetry could be the result of an interaction or a merger.
Chitosan/Cyclodextrin Nanospheres for Potential Nose-to-Brain Targeting of Idebenone

Idebenone (IDE) is a powerful antioxidant that is potentially active towards cerebral diseases, but its low water solubility and fast first pass metabolism reduce its accumulation in the brain, making it ineffective. In this work, we developed cyclodextrin-based chitosan nanospheres (CS NPs) as potential carriers for nose-to-brain targeting of IDE. Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD) was used as a polyanion for chitosan (CS) and as a complexing agent for IDE, permitting its encapsulation into nanospheres (NPs) produced in an aqueous solution. Overloading NPs were obtained by adding the soluble IDE/hydroxypropyl-β-CD (IDE/HP-β-CD) inclusion complex into the CS or SBE-β-CD solutions. We obtained homogeneous CS NPs with a hydrodynamic radius of about 140 nm, positive zeta potential (about +28 mV), and good encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, particularly for overloaded NPs. A biphasic release of IDE, finished within 48 h, was observed from overloaded NPs, whilst non-overloaded CS NPs produced a prolonged release, without a burst effect. In vitro biological studies showed the ability of CS NPs to preserve the antioxidant activity of IDE on U373 culture cells. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated the ability of CS NPs to interact with the excised bovine nasal mucosa, improving the permeation of the drug and potentially favoring its accumulation in the brain.
Statistical analysis of non-Gaussian environmental loads and responses

The thesis deals mainly with offshore engineering related problems where the dominant source of uncertainty is related to the loading. Loads arise from environmental random processes; e.g. waves, currents and winds. Complex as they are, such processes beg the consideration of randomness whence the need of associating probabilistic models to the engineering problems treated here. Two different types of problems are investigated. Given a sea-state, or wind condition, we model: (i) the sea surface elevation at a fixed location, and (ii) the response of structures to environmental loads. We start by assuming the sea surface elevation, at a fixed location, as a Gaussian process. For this case, exact integral forms of the joint long run distributions for the wave characteristics (wave periods, lengths, and heights) are derived. As the water depth decreases or the sea severity increases, the sea surface elevation departs from the Gaussian assumption and the wave profile becomes asymmetric. From a practical point of view this fact has several important consequences. Thus, the sea surface elevation is then considered to be a stationary non-Gaussian process: i.e. a sum of a Gaussian process and a second-order correction term. For such processes the problem of estimating the marginal probability density function is considered. The statistical analysis proceeds with the problem of calculating the mean upcrossing intensity function. Two different methods to obtain numeric estimates of the latter function are presented: (i) a method based on the saddlepoint approximation, and (ii) a method based on numerical integration. The mean upcrossing intensity function as estimated by these methods is then used to estimate the distribution of wave characteristics through a transformed Gaussian model. In engineering applications the process which represents the response of structures to environmental loads can often be written as a sum of a Gaussian process and a second-order correction term. The statistical analysis of such responses follows the same pattern as the one outlined above. (Less)
Cosmic Frontier Indirect Dark Matter Detection Working Group Summary

As part of the Snowmass process, the Cosmic Frontier Indirect-Detection subgroup (CF2) has drawn on input from the Cosmic Frontier and the broader Particle Physics community to produce this document. The purposes of this report are to identify opportunities for dark matter science through indirect detection, to give an overview of the primary scientific drivers for indirect searches for dark matter, and to survey current and planned experiments that have, as a large part of their scientific program, the goal of searching for indirect (or astrophysical) signatures of dark matter. We primarily address existing experiments with a large U.S. role, or future experiments where a U.S. contribution is sought. We also address the limitations of this technique, and answer the tough questions relevant to this subgroup posed by the HEP community through the Snowmass process.