Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disease severity and pathotype dynamics of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in Denmark

Disease severity of wheat yellow rust, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici , was analysed in Denmark from 1985 to 1999 in relation to the effects of weather on winter survival, distribution of host cultivars and pathotype dynamics. Below-average temperatures in January and February (midwinter) reduced yellow rust on the susceptible cv. Anja, and in three of four growth seasons following cold winters no yellow rust was observed on any cultivar under natural conditions. The agronomic consequences of dispersal of yellow rust urediniospores from external sources to Denmark, in a period during which large areas were planted with relatively few wheat cultivars, were demonstrated in several cases, most evidently when the Yr9 and Yr17 resistance genes became ineffective. Yr9 was overcome by the pathogen in a period with severe yellow rust epidemics on commercial cultivars, while virulence for Yr17 was first observed in a year with almost no yellow rust. In contrast, the resistance in cv. Kraka ( Yr1, CV ) was increasingly effective in controlling yellow rust, because pathotypes with the matching combination of virulence declined in the pathogen population. Pathotype frequency dynamics were thus influenced by selection forces within the country, and by selection forces in areas where spores were spread to Denmark from outside. The importance of a sufficient level of partial resistance in the wheat germplasm to prevent too much damage by yellow rust epidemics, in the event that the resistance genes are overcome by the pathogen population, is emphasized.
Interactions between dark matter substructure and galaxies

In this thesis we study how subhaloes evolve and interact in the central regions of galactic dark matter haloes in a ΛCDM universe. We examine the effect that subhalo impacts have on disc galaxies and what visible signatures they leave behind. We use the Aquarius simulations, a set of high resolution simulations of Milky Way mass haloes, as the basis of the work in this thesis. We summarise the main properties of these haloes and show that they are typical haloes for most characteristics. We develop a method to approximate the potential of host haloes that helps us understand how subhaloes evolve in the tidal field of their host. Using a basis function expansion method, we show that it is possible to create a time-evolving density/potential approximation of the late growth of simulated N-body dark matter haloes, and that particle and subhalo orbits can be integrated in this realistic, time-varying halo potential approximation at much lower computational cost than the original simulations. Using samples of subhaloes extracted from the Aquarius haloes, we estimate the disc heating caused by substructure bombardment using the Benson et al. (2004) semi-analytical model. A critical evaluation of the model, however, finds that there are problems with the original implementation, including a numerical factor, that call into question its validity. We then approach the same problem using high resolution N-body simulations of subhalo interactions with discs. We find that only the most massive of subhaloes appreciably affect stellar discs, heating and thickening them, and that the majority of any heating occurs at early times and happens quickly. However, the substructure bombardment since redshift one is negligible in most of the haloes, and in the haloes that do show significant heating it is caused by a single massive subhalo.
Kobe : Exchange of endogenous and heterogeneous yeast terminators in Pichia pastoris to tune mRNA stability and gene expression

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, terminator sequences not only terminate transcription but also affect expression levels of the protein-encoded upstream of the terminator. The non-conventional yeast Pichia pastoris (syn. Komagataella phafﬁi) has fre-quently been used as a platform for metabolic engineering but knowledge regarding P. pastoris terminators is limited. To explore terminator sequences available to tune protein expression levels in P.pas-toris, we created a ‘terminator catalog’ by testing 72 sequences, including terminators from S.cerevisiae or P.pastoris and synthetic terminators. Altogether, we found that the terminators have a tunable range of 17-fold. We also found that S. cerevisiae terminator sequences maintain function when transferred to P. pastoris. Successful tuning of protein expression levels was shown not only for the reporter gene used to deﬁne the catalog but also using betaxanthin production as an example application in pathway ﬂux regulation. Moreover, we found experimental evidence that protein expression levels result from mRNA abundance and in silico evidence that levels reﬂect the stability of mRNA 3 (cid:2) -UTR secondary structure. In combination with promoter selection, the novel terminator catalog constitutes a basic toolbox for tuning protein expression levels in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology in P.pastoris.
Heat Kernel and Analysis on Manifolds

Laplace operator and the heat equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$ Function spaces in $\mathbb{R}^n$ Laplace operator on a Riemannian manifold Laplace operator and heat equation in $L^{2}(M)$ Weak maximum principle and related topics Regularity theory in $\mathbb{R}^n$ The heat kernel on a manifold Positive solutions Heat kernel as a fundamental solution Spectral properties Distance function and completeness Gaussian estimates in the integrated form Green function and Green operator Ultracontractive estimates and eigenvalues Pointwise Gaussian estimates I Pointwise Gaussian estimates II Reference material Bibliography Some notation Index
Sphingomyelin Turnover Induced by Vitamin D 3 in HL-60 Cells

Sphingolipid metabolism was examined in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. Differentiation of HL-60 cells with la,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3; 100 nM) was accompanied by sphingomyelin turnover. Maximum turnover of [3H]choline-labeled sphingomyelin occurred 2 h following vitamin D3 treatment, with sphingomyelin levels decreasing to 77 -C 6% of control and returning to base-line levels by 4 h. Ceramide and phosphorylcholine were concomitantly generated. Ceramide mass levels increased by 55% at 2 h following vitamin D3 treatment and returned to base-line levels by 4 h. The amount of phosphorylcholine produced equaled the amount of sphingomyelin hydrolyzed, suggesting the involvement of a sphingomyelinase. Vitamin D3 treatment resulted in a 90% increase in the activity of a neutral sphingomyelinase from HL-60 cells. The inferred role of sphingomyelin hydrolysis in the induction of cell differentiation was investigated using an exogenous sphingomyelinase. When a bacterial sphingomyelinase was added at concentrations that caused a similar degree of sphingomyelin hydrolysis as 100 nM vitamin D3, it enhanced the ability of subthreshold levels of vitamin D3 to induce HL-60 cell differentiation. This study demonstrates the existence of a “sphingomyelin cycle” in human cells. Such sphingolipid cycles (Hannun, Y., and Bell, R. (1989) Science 243, 500-507) may function in a signal transduction pathway and in cellular differentiation.
Pathway That Is CD14-Independent Proteins by Lipopolysaccharide Uses a Novel Cutting Edge: The Induction of Acute Phase

LPS (endotoxin) and proinﬂammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, and TNF- a ) are potent inducers of acute phase proteins (APP). Since LPS induces high levels of these cytokines after its interaction with CD14, a protein expressed on the surface of monocytes and neutrophils, it has been assumed that CD14 mediates the LPS induction of APP expression. To test this hypothesis, CD14-deﬁcient and control mice were injected with low doses of LPS, and the expression of several APP that are normally up-regulated by LPS was measured. CD14-deﬁcient mice showed no alteration in the induction of APP, including serum amyloid A, LPS-binding protein, ﬁbrinogen, or ceruloplasmin; in contrast, C3H/HeJ mice, which carry a mutation in the Lps gene, do not up-regulate the expression of these proteins. These studies show that the up-regulation of APP by LPS utilizes a non-CD14 receptor and requires a functional Lps gene. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 160: 2570–2572. outer the acute
Properties of transparent (Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce ceramic with Mg, Ca and Ce co-dopants

Cerium activated mixed lutetium/gadolinium- and aluminum/gallium-based garnets have great potential as host scintillators for medical imaging applications. (Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce and denoted as GLuGAG feature high effective atomic number and good light yield, which make it particularly attractive for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and other γ-ray detection applications. For PET application, rapid decay and good timing resolution are extremely important. Most Ce-doped mixed garnet materials such as GLuGAG:Ce, have their main decay component at around 80 ns. However, it has been reported that the decays of some single crystal scintillators (e.g., LSO and GGAG) can be effectively accelerated by codoping with selected additives such as Ca, Mg and B. In this study, transparent polycrystalline (Gd,Lu)3(Al,Ga)5O12:Ce ceramics codoped with Ca or Mg or additional Ce, were fabricated by the sinter-HIP approach. It was found the transmission of the ceramics are closely related to the microstructure of the ceramics. As the co-dopant levels increase, 2nd phase occurs in the ceramic and thus transparency of the ceramic decreases. Ca and Mg co-doping in GLuGAG:Ce ceramic effectively accelerate decays of GLuGAG:Ce ceramics at a cost of light output. However, additional Ce doping in the GLuGAG:Ce has no benefit on improving decay time but, on the other hand, reduces transmission, light output. The mechanism under the different scintillation behaviors with Mg, Ca and Ce dopants are discussed. The results suggest that decay time of GLuGAG:Ce ceramics can be effectively tailored by co-doping GLuGAG:Ce ceramic with Mg and Ca for applications with optimal timing resolution.
VIEWPOINT Tra umanizzazione di cura: casi studio e strategie progettuali

Se il progressivo processo di umanizzazione dell’ospedale e delle strutture socio-sanitarie ha comportato il passaggio dall’approccio biomedicale a quello bio-psico-sociale spostando l’attenzione dalla malattia all’individuo nel- la sua globalità, i progressi tecnologici (IoT, AI, robotica) stanno comportando un’ulteriore riorganizzazione delle strutture ospedaliere e la nascita di nuove for- me di interazione altamente originali e rilevanti finalizzate alla “medicalizzazione della vita”. Il paper affronta una delle principali sfide che tutti noi – tecnici, sani- tari, studiosi – siamo chiamati a raccogliere che è quella di coniugare il dualismo tra “Progresso Tecnico” e “Umanizzazione” attraverso un dialogo/confronto tra la patient-centered vision e la bio-technology-centered vision all’interno degli spazi di cura. Parole chiave: Umanizzazione; Abstract. If the progressive process of humanization of the hospital and of the socio-health structures has led to the tran- sition from the biomedical approach to the bio-psycho-social one, shifting the atten- tion from the disease to the individual as a whole, technological advances (IoT, AI, robotics) are leading to a further reorganization of hospital structures and the birth of new highly original and relevant forms of interaction aimed at the “medicalization of life”. The paper addresses one of the main challenges that all of us – technicians, health professionals, scholars – are called to face which is to combine the dualism between “Technical Progress” and “Humanization” through a dialogue/comparison between patient-centered vision and vision centered on the bio-technology of care spaces.
Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Exposure, and Carcinogenic Risk

C ardiovascular imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and nuclear cardiology procedures have a wealth of evidence on their effectiveness but also expose a patient to ionizing radiation. Clinical decision making must therefore balance the benefits of incremental diagnostic information with the projected risk after radiation exposure. Therein lies the nub of the problem: Despite numerous guidelines and research papers, we still do not have a good measure of the risks of radiation associated with current-day imaging for an individual patient. High-dose radiation has clearly documented detrimental effects; however, the magnitude of risk in conventional medical imaging (i.e., low-dose radiation [LDR]) is still a controversial subject. Risk models span a spectrum from the linear no-threshold model, wherein any amount of radiation exposure is considered harmful on the basis of epidemiological data projected from survivors of high-dose radiation, to the hormesis model in which LDR might even be protective. Stochastic effects, such as lasting mutations in DNA and cancer risk, are the main concern, but they are not immediately obvious, might take a long time to express, and are likely affected by individual variation in susceptibility and robustness of compensatory repair mechanisms. All our risk estimates for LDR are, at best, projections, which reflect our lack of robust causal
Two DEAD-box proteins may be part of RNA-dependent high molecular weight protein complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondria

Posttranscriptional processes are important for regulation of gene expression in plant mitochondria. DEAD-box proteins, which form a huge protein family with members from all kingdoms, are fundamental components in virtually all types of processes in the RNA metabolism. Two members of this protein family designated PMH1 and PMH2 (for putative mitochondrial RNA helicase) were analyzed and characterized in mitochondria of Arabidopsis thaliana . GFP tagging with N-terminal PMH1 and 2 sequences supports the mitochondrial localization of these proteins. Northern experiments as well as histochemical glucuronidase (GUS) staining of transgenic plants carrying respective promoter:GUS fusion constructs revealed differing transcription patterns for the two genes. In response to cold, however, transcript levels of both genes increased. Immunodetection analyses of mitochondrial protein complexes after two-dimensional blue native/urea sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and after fractionation on sucrose gradients strongly suggest that one or both proteins are part of RNA-dependent complexes. Cold treatment of cell cultures or solubilization of mitochondria in the presence of MgCl 2 favored the detection of high molecular weight complexes. This study paves the way for a detailed analysis of high molecular weight complexes in mitochondria of higher plants. precipitation was done by addition of 0.1 volume 3 M sodium acetate ph 5.2 and 2 volumes of 100 % EtOH. RNA was inspected by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining.
Experimental benchmarking of the code for Yb:YAG multi-slab gas-cooled laser system operating at cryogenic temperatures

We present benchmarking of the home-made MATLAB model with the experimental data obtained for the 10 J/10 Hz cryogenically cooled multi-slab laser systems being developed in the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, UK. The laser head of each system consists of four, 5 mm thick slabs separated by 2 mm gaps. Each slab is composed of 35 mm diameter Yb:YAG active material surrounded by 10 mm thick absorptive cladding. The slabs are pumped from both sides by diode arrays which in total deliver up to 40 kW of pump power in 1 ms pulses with a central wavelength of 940 nm, bandwidth 6 nm and pump spot 20 mm x 20 mm. The laser head has been modeled to predict gain in the slabs and the amplification of the seed beam for the temperatures of operation ranging from 100 K to 180 K. Output energy for different pump pulse durations has been calculated. It was determined that the maximum output energy obtained after 6 passes for the amplifier operating at the temperature of 120K and repetition rate 1 Hz was 9 J for the seed energy of 20 mJ. For higher temperature of 160 K the output energy was 8 J. The corresponding maximum single pass gain in the amplifier head was 8 for 120 K and 4 for 160 K. Results of the simulations are in a very good agreement with the measured data presented in [1].
Menomini Vowel Harmony: O(pacity) & T(ransparency) in OT

Under ALIGNment, harmony is achieved via ALIGN constraints that prefer a feature to be ALIGNed to the left and/or right edge of the form. How wellALIGNed a feature is is determined by where -or whether -it is associated. Thus, the AuGNment approach simply extends the concept of Generalized ALIGNment (McCarthy & Prince (M &P) 1993) from prosodic categories to features, making use of standard autosegmental representations of features.
Dissociative sticking of O-2 on Al(111)

The dissociative sticking probability, S-0, of O-2 on Al(111) has been measured as a function of incident translational and vibrational energy. S-0 rises from approximate to 10(-2) for energies approximate to 30 meV to near unity in the range 0.6-2.0 eV, demonstrating an activated dissociation event. Vibrational excitation enhances the sticking. Surface temperature has no effect on S-0. A peculiar dependence on polar angle is observed. The results are used to discuss possible mechanisms for the recent observation [H. Brune et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 624 (1992)] of widely separated O atoms after O-2 dissociation on Al(111).
AIS Electronic

This paper presents a theoretical and an empirical study of knowledge networks. This is an emerging phenomenon and a common form of work structure adopted also in the banking industry. Starting from the theoretical perspective, this work focuses on knowledge as an important factor in the modern economy of hyper-competition, needed not just to win, but also to play. In fact, the structure of economy has shifted from a product-based strategy to a knowledge-based business. Among numerous definitions of knowledge proposed in the literature, we share the hermeneutical one. Successively, this paper studies network phenomenon as a form of collaborative work based on communication and collaboration. We aim to demonstrate why network structure best allows knowledge sharing practices inside a firm. Finally, we propose a study on sixty banks, realized using structured and unstructured questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires try to analyse two main changing dimensions related to knowledge networks implementation: the organizational one and the technological one. We observe that a change toward a knowledge sharing culture and perspective is just in the early stage. Moreover, analysing the empirical results reached examining the sample, we demonstrate that banking industry can face many barriers to knowledge sharing practice through networks.
Antimicrobial activities of Desi Cow Dung Extracts against human pathogens and phytochemical analysis using chloroform extracts

The main objective is to examine the anti-microbial properties and Photochemical screening of the cow dung extracts which are useful to kill the pathogens in humans.Nowadays there is increasing microbial drug resistance problem, so new alternative to synthetics drugs are explored. Along with it antimicrobial activities of natural products are in search. Study of anti-microbial activities of desi cow dung extracts of chloroform against microorganisms namely E. coli and K. Pneumonia.Also the phytochemical analysis for the flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins and phenol compounds. The antimicrobial sensitivity test by disk diffusion method and the disk made from the cow dung showed the zone of inhibition in the petri-plates of both the microorganisms namely E. coli and K. Pneumonia.The phytochemical analysis also showed colour change and precipitation except the phenols. As the microorganisms are becoming resistant to the antibiotics and synthetic drugs, new alternate natural drugs can be explored and used against several diseases caused by this microorganisms. Â Â
Is Virtual Fitting Room Technology the vaccine to overcome the COVID-19 Virus in Retail?

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many disruptions in the business world, to which businesses have to adapt. Retailers all over the world have reacted differently to this crisis. This paper provides examples on how retailers can handle this unprecedented situation through adidas’ actions and strategies. Under the circumstances adidas’ IT governance has shifted to a business-oriented pattern that has given priority to technological advance. The primary focus of this paper is the implementation of the VFR technology that adidas is experimenting with in terms of a different aspect of supply chain management. Adidas’ objective is for the VFR to reduce the costs of returns that always has been a major concern of the retailers. Nevertheless, the VFR application is proven to have a lot of hidden dangers, both on the cybersecurity and the business front, but with attention-to-detail and resilient management, existing mitigation methods can overcome the obstacles.
Phase II Study of Panitumumab Monotherapy in Chemotherapy-Naïve Frail or Elderly Patients with Unresectable RAS Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer: OGSG 1602 Clinical Trial

Background. First-line panitumumab monotherapy is expected to be well tolerated and improve survival in patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. However, its safety and efficacy in chemotherapy-naïve frail or elderly patients with unresectable RAS wild-type (WT) colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been studied. The aim of this phase Correspondence: Tetsuji Terazawa, M.D., Ph.D., Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan. Telephone: +81-72-683-1221; e-mail: terasawat@osaka-med.ac. jp, or Takeshi Kato, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14 Hoenzaka, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0006, Japan. Telephone: +81-6-69421331; e-mail: ken-kato@momo.so-net.ne. jp Received June 19, 2020; accepted for publication August 30, 2020; published Online First on September 28, 2020. © AlphaMed Press; the data published online to support this summary is the property of the authors. http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/ONCO.13523 No part of this article may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form or for any means without the prior permission in writing from the copyright holder. For information on purchasing reprints contact Commercialreprints@wiley.com. For permission information contact permissions@wiley.com. © 2020 AlphaMed Press The Oncologist 2021;26:17–e47 www.TheOncologist. com Clinical Trial Results