Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the interaction of the solar wind with the interstellar medium: Field aligned MHD flow

[1] We discuss the role of the local interstellar magnetic field on the interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium (LISM). In particular, we consider the case in which the LISM flow is aligned with the magnetic field. The solar wind inside the termination shock is spherically symmetric, and the LISM magnetic field varies between 0.0 and 3.5 μG. Our simulations show that for the case of field-aligned flow, increasing the interstellar magnetic field intensity Bis moves the bow shock (when it exists) and heliopause further outward from the Sun. This effect is explained in terms of the force on the plasma. We compare our results with comparable simulations carried out by Aleksashov et al. [2000]. The comparison leads to the conclusion that the mutual dependence between the neutral hydrogen number density and the strength of the magnetic field characterizes the solution for the interaction between the solar wind and interstellar medium. For a given interstellar neutral hydrogen number density (assumed to be available with present observations, or more exactly obtained from future observations), and for a given LISM magnetic field direction and intensity, the model gives distances to the heliopause and the termination shock, and the flow structure ahead of the heliopause. Thus the model can be used to estimate the LISM magnetic field intensity consistent with the observations.
Effect of Cigarette Prices on Cigarette Consumption in Indonesia: Myopic and Rational Addiction Studies

This study analyzes the effect of cigarette prices on cigarette consumption in Indonesia. By using aggregate macro data on cigarette consumption (administrative data) for 2015-2020, estimated using OLS, 2SLS, GMM, and System-GMM, we found that cigarette prices have a negative and significant effect on cigarette consumption based on myopic and rational addiction models. The estimation results also confirm that cigarettes are inelastic products where price changes do not significantly impact cigarette consumption. It implies that the Government needs to significantly increase excise rates and minimum selling prices regularly to control cigarette consumption more effectively.
FEVERLESS: Fast and Secure Vertical Federated Learning based on XGBoost for Decentralized Labels

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model over vertically partitioned data without revealing private local information. Tree-based models, like XGBoost and LightGBM, have been widely used in VFL to enhance the interpretation and efficiency of training. However, there is a fundamental lack of research on how to conduct VFL securely over distributed labels. This work is the first to fill this gap by designing a novel protocol, called FEVERLESS, based on XGBoost. FEVERLESS leverages secure aggregation via information masking technique and global differential privacy provided by a fairly and randomly selected noise leader to prevent private information from being leaked in the training process. Furthermore, it provides label and data privacy against honest-but-curious adversary even in the case of collusion of n − 2 out of n clients. We present a comprehensive security and efficiency analysis for our design, and the empirical results from our experiments demonstrate that FEVERLESS is fast and secure. In particular, it outperforms the solution based on additive homomorphic encryption in runtime cost and provides better accuracy than the local differential privacy approach1.
Sample size effects on the performance of sub-wavelength metallic thin-film bolometers

This paper presents how reducing the width and length of a bolometer’s sensing core affects its performance. Bolometer devices made of thin films of platinum with various lateral dimensions—widths ranging from 300 nm to 4 μm and lengths ranging from 300 nm to 19 μm were tested. Some are significantly smaller in size than the wavelengths they are exposed to, coming from a blackbody source with a λpeak of 2.74 μm. A resonance effect is revealed for samples of specific dimensions, where the performance is enhanced. Further, a strong increase in responsivity appears when the sample’s width is narrowed, whereas specific detectivity remains independent of any change in dimensions. We believe that some of these features are due to plasmonic effects, which may explain the high performance reached by smaller samples. It seems that graphene could be subject to similar geometrical effects to our thin-film bolometers.
Shaken Baby Syndrome Education for Mothers Awaiting Appointments in Rural OB/GYN Office

ABSTRACT A partnership between a nursing program and a rural obstetric office provided education to pregnant and postpartum women about coping with infant crying and the dangers of shaking a baby. Undergraduate nursing students delivered the Period of PURPLE Crying (PURPLE) educational program to 148 mothers. Change in knowledge about infant crying and the community clinical experience was evaluated. Pre and post intervention data were collected. Descriptive statistics indicated higher scores on mothers’ posttest for knowledge about normal newborn crying behaviors and coping strategies. Students further developed the role of educator and researcher. These findings suggest the intervention contributed to mothers’ improved knowledge about infant crying. Results of the pilot study are encouraging because the intervention had a significant effect on mothers’ knowledge about infant crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS).
Effects of Coaching-Based Teleoccupational Guidance for Home-Based Stroke Survivors and Their Family Caregivers: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a 3-month coaching-based teleoccupational guidance (CTG) programme for home-based stroke survivors and their family caregivers. An assessor-blind pilot randomised controlled study was conducted. Twenty-five participant dyads (each dyad consisted of one home-based stroke patient and their caregivers) were randomised to a control group (RTG, n = 12) or an experimental group (CTG, n = 13). Participant dyads in the RTG group received routine teleoccupational guidance. Participant dyads in the CTG group received a six-step procedure: coaching-based teleoccupational guidance over 3 months via WeChat. Participant dyad compliance, the difficulty and suitability of outcome measures, and adverse effects were used to assess feasibility. The Reintegration to Normal Living Index, the Lawton Instructive Activities of Daily Life (Lawton IADL) scale, the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, the Fugl–Meyer Assessment—Upper Extremity scale, the 6 min walking test, and the Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale were used to assess effectiveness outcomes of home-based stroke survivors; the Caregiver Benefit Finding Scale and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview were used to assess the effectiveness outcomes of family caregivers. Feasibility measures were assessed at the end of the pilot trial, and effectiveness measures were evaluated pre-intervention and post-intervention (after 3 months). The CTG programme significantly improved home-based stroke survivors’ participation in daily life, IADL score, and intrinsic motivation, and increased caregivers’ perceived benefit, and tended (not significantly) to reduce care burden. CTG has the potential to promote better integration of home-based stroke patients into their families and society, improve their quality of life and family well-being, and provide a reference for home rehabilitation of other clinical chronic diseases. CTG is a safe, effective, and promising intervention for home-based stroke populations and their caregivers and warrants further investigation in a larger randomised controlled trial.
Study of the effect of magnetic field in positron range using GATE simulation toolkit

In simultaneous PET-MR systems, the emitted positrons trajectory is influenced by the magnetic field. The aim of this study is to define that influence to the positron annihilation distribution. Monte Carlo methods have been applied, using GATE. Several isotopes were studied, in various types of materials and with different magnetic field strengths. The results showed variations in the positron range between different components and especially between the lung and water. Measurements of the 1-D positron annihilation distance indicated a reduction of the mean positron annihilation distance for 82Rb of ∼25%, 68Ga of 19% and 18F of 3.5%, at 3 Tesla. When the magnetic field was increased to 9.5 Tesla, the reduction was significant for all isotopes, and mainly for 68Ga and 82Rb, with approximately 41% reduction of the mean positron annihilation distance in water. Finally, the positron annihilation distribution varies according to the alignment with the magnetic field lines. The results of this study could be used to improve positron annihilation correction algorithms for simultaneous PET-MR acquisition, by taking under consideration the non-isotropic distribution.
A Decentralized Observer-Controller Scheme for Centroid and Formation Control with Bounded Control Input

Abstract In this paper a decentralized observer-controller scheme that allows to control the centroid and the formation of multi-agent systems is presented. For each agent, the observer part allows to estimate the state of the overall system, while the controller part is able to calculate the input control for the given agent based on the estimated state of the system. The stability analysis is carried out in the presence of input saturation and undirected/directed topologies. Numerical simulations confirm the validity of the proposed approach.
Dominant diffusing species during cobalt silicide formation

The dominant moving species during cobalt monosilicide and cobalt disilicide formation has been examined using a thin tantalum layer as a metal marker. The marker data obtained following the formation of CoSi from Co2Si showed that monosilicide growth was essentially due Si diffusion only. When used to study CoSi2 formation, the data indicated that silicon was also the dominant moving species during disilicide formation, although a noninsignificant amount of cobalt diffusion was also observed to take place.
Two Main Avenues Leading To the Maxwell Garnett Mixing Rule

This article discusses the basic form of Maxwell Garnett mixing formula, in other words the prediction for the effective permittivity of a dielectric mixture with spherical scatterers in a homogeneous environment. In particular, the analysis focuses on the different ways to arrive at the mixing rule result. Two main lines of derivation are discussed: the physics-based polarizability approach and the more engineering-oriented averaging approach. Two different principles for the latter approach are given: averaging both using fields and energy densities. The article argues for the natural character and persuasiveness of the Maxwell Garnett mixing rule, not least because the analyses require astonishingly few ad hoc assumptions.
Orbital distribution of minor planets in the inner Solar System and their impact fluxes on the Earth, the Moon and Mars

11 CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE MINOR BODIES IN INNER SOLAR SYSTEM . 13 1.
Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection and Its Possible Relationship to Coronal Heating

Coronal heating is clearly related to the coronal magnetic field. This may be due to a passive role of the magnetic field in modifying wave propagation and dissipation or to an active role resulting from the liberation of magnetic energy by reconnection or in some other way. The purpose of this article is to examine the consequences of reconnection at the chromospheric level rather than in the corona. We note that the chromosphere is indeed a favorable site for reconnection to occur, since the resistivity is greatest in that region—specifically at the temperature-minimum location. Chromospheric reconnection can lead to coronal heating by Joule heating, by the generation and subsequent dissipation of high-frequency Alfvén and magnetacoustic waves, or by the response of the coronal magnetic field to a sudden change in connectivity. The second process could also contribute to heating of the solar wind, since high-frequency Alfvén waves can be absorbed by cyclotron damping. We note also that chromospheric reconnection could inject sufficient chromospheric gas into the corona to balance the known steady downflow of coronal gas through the transition region. It is also possible that chromospheric reconnection plays a role in the first ionization potential effect.
Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Effect of Herbal Medicines

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat various types of cancers. However, its side effects, most commonly nausea and vomiting, limit its widespread use. Although various drugs, such as ondansetron and aprepitant, are used to alleviate these side effects, their efficacy is still debated. This review aims to summarize the results of 14 studies on the effects of seven single herbal extracts, one multiple herbal extract, and one ginger sub-component (i.e., [6]-gingerol) on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. The results of the included studies were subdivided into four categories: kaolin consumption, retching and vomiting, food intake, and weight loss. Most studies used rodents, whereas four studies used minks or pigeons. The doses of cisplatin used in the studies varied from 3 mg/kg to 7.5 mg/kg, and only a single injection was used. Nine studies analyzed the mechanisms of action of herbal medicines and assessed the involvement of neurotransmitters, cytokines, enzymes, and various hematological parameters. Although further research is needed, this review suggests herbal medicine as a viable treatment option for cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain.
Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC) for Focal Chondral Lesions of the Knee: A 2-Year Follow-Up of Clinical, Proprioceptive, and Isokinetic Evaluation

(1) Background: The autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) is a bio-orthopedic treatment for articular cartilage damage. It combines microfracture surgery with the application of a collagen membrane. The aim of the present study was to report a medium-term follow-up of patients treated with AMIC for focal chondral lesions. (2) Methods: Fourty-eight patients treated surgically and 21 control participants were enrolled in the study. To evaluate the functional outcomes, the proprioceptive (postural stability, postural priority) and isokinetic (peak value of maximum knee extensor and flexor torque in relation to body mass and the total work) measurements were performed. To evaluate the clinical outcomes, the Lysholm score and the IKDC score were imposed. (3) Results: Compared to the preoperative values, there was significant improvement in the first 2 years after intervention in the functional as well as subjective outcome measures. (4) Conclusions: AMIC showed durable results in aligned knees.
Beam Instabilities in Laser-Plasma Interaction: Relevance to Preferential Ion Heating

We propose a new mechanism for anomalous ion heating in ultraintense laser plasmas. This mechanism is based on the excitation of an electron two-stream instability that is driven by the fast electron beam that resonantly decays into ion-acoustic waves. These low frequency waves are then strongly damped by the ion collisions in the dense plasma. The model gives a simple explanation for the preferential heating of the bulk ion population observed in recent laser experiments in the petawatt regime. In particular, this work provides an explanation for the different energy loss in the Au and CD plasmas, in cone-guided fast ignition experiments.
Erythrocyte Respiratory Activity of the Mitochondrial Complex of the Black Sea Thornback Ray (Raja clavata L.) under the Influence of Certain Activators and Inhibitors In Vitro

Global warming implies the risk of a changing oxygen regime in the seas and oceans of our planet. The mitochondrial complex of nuclear erythrocytes of cartilaginous fish, as the energy basis of blood cells, has repeatedly encountered such climatic fluctuations throughout their evolutionary history. In this regard, the features of the adaptive strategy of the erythrocyte mitochondrial complex in the thornback ray (Raja clavata L.) are of interest from the evolutionary and ecological points of view. The rate of oxygen consumption in resuspended (Ht = 25–30%) erythrocytes taken from the Black Sea thornback ray in saline was studied by the polarographic method. A high “basal” rate of respiration in the erythrocytes of the thornback ray was shown, which ranged from 10.5 to 21.6 pmol O2 min−1·106 cells. The addition of substrates of the mitochondrial respiration activators glutamate, maleate, and succinate to the erythrocyte suspension caused a 2–6-fold increase in the respiratory activity of thornback ray erythrocytes. In cases where the rate of respiration of erythrocytes was high, protonophore–dinitrophenol caused an inhibition of the activity of mitochondrial respiration. At low respiration rates of erythrocytes, its effect was opposite and caused a stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. Oligomycin caused a significant inhibition of the respiratory activity of the red blood cell suspension of the thornback ray. This suppression of cell respiration was enhanced under conditions of exposure to the permeabilization of erythrocytes with digitonin. This can be recommended as one of the ways to block the respiratory activity of erythrocytes in cartilaginous fish. Another way of effectively blocking the respiration of the mitochondrial complex of the thornback ray’s erythrocytes was the effect of the blockers rotenone and sodium azide. The peculiarity of the mitochondria of the erythrocytes of the thornback ray was the absence of the complete inhibition of respiration by sodium azide (NaN3), which is characteristic of the mitochondria of other fish species. Our data on the activation of the “respiration” of erythrocytes in fish indicate that the potential capabilities of cold-blooded and warm-blooded vertebrates have rather similar characteristics. This may indicate the initial “laying” of the architecture of the inner membrane to support the energy potential of the mitochondria of the cell.
Three species is better than one: multiscale, multimodal, multi‐species analyses of prefrontal cortical form, physiology and function

The increasing molecular, anatomical and temporal precision of modern neuroscientific methods continues to unveil a rich diversity of synapses, cells and brain regions. This heterogeneity spans all scales and allows the brain to adapt to the vast array of experiences, options and outcomes encountered across a lifetime. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is typically portrayed as the pinnacle of this adaptation, a central hub of cognition able to flexibly integrate, process and route information according to external demands and internal state (Friedman & Robbins, 2022; Le Merre et al., 2021; Miller & Cohen, 2001). How do PFC inputs, cell-types and outputs mediate these complex interactions? How does PFC physiology configure and coordinate downstream circuits via top-down outputs to distributed recipients? And how do we move beyond “high-resolution phrenology” to capture the convergent features of PFC physiology required to inform both understanding and clinical and societal applications? A symposium entitled ‘Decoding Prefrontal Cortical Physiology: Circuits of Cognition’ debated these questions during the annual conference of The Physiological Society held online in the summer of 2021. This editorial summarises the symposium objectives, which centred on integrating rodent and non-human primate models to understand the connectivity, computational capabilities, and behavioural impacts of PFC circuits. A key goal was to synthesise evidence across experimental species and paradigms, identifying potential canonical features of PFC physiology and function. Two of the symposium speakers expand on these topics in detailed reviews: Alexander, Wood et al. (2023) interrogate the roles of ventromedial PFC in emotional regulation, integrating comparative evidence from mice, rats, marmosets and humans; and Perry et al. (2023) navigate the loops of cortico-thalamo-cortical interactions to highlight the importance of distributed, network information processing in cognition, cognitive impairment and future cognitive therapeutics. Both Alexander et al., and Roberts (2023) and Perry et al., and Mitchell (2023) exemplify the power of behavioural neuroscience in non-human primates. However, the symposium also harnessed the potential of mouse models to delineate the cellular and circuit mechanisms of PFC function, mapping the local and long-range connections that underpin prefrontal computations (Anastasiades & Carter, 2021) and the cortico-cortical population coding that enables flexible behaviour (Banerjee et al., 2020). It is clear that sustaining and integrating these complementary approaches across scales and species remains essential if we are to understand PFC well enough to treat the many disorders associated with its dysfunction (Chini & Hanganu-Opatz, 2021, Anastasiades, De Vivo et al., 2022).
Laser Interaction and Related Plasma Phenomena: Volume 4B

This book reports and analyzes the latest theoretical and experimental research findings in the areas of lasers for fusion, x-ray and gamma-ray lasers, targets for laser fusion, moderate intensities in plasmas, and fusion-oriented experiments with lasers and plasmas. Separate abstracts are presented for each included paper. (MOW)
Modelling of coupling between superconductors of finite length using an integral formulation

An integral formulation based on the stream function of sheet currents is applied to finite length superconductors to model the coupling through a normal matrix. This formulation is an extension of Brandt's 2D formulation for modelling a 3D problem. Thin discs and infinite slabs were studied and the critical was obtained as a function of applied field. While an excellent agreement for fully penetrated infinite slabs was found with existing theories, original results are presented for partially penetrated slabs as well as for thin discs in a wide range of applied fields.
An Efficient Cross-Correlation Method for a Digital Phase Noise Measurement System

In this paper, we propose a digital phase noise measurement using a 10-bit digital oscilloscope MXR608A from Keysight Technologies. The digital oscilloscope’s four channel data are used for digital phase noise measurement: two channels are assigned for the equally divided SUT (source under test), while the other two are assigned for the equally divided reference signals. First, we propose a cross correlation method to identify the phase noises added by the ADCs in the digital oscilloscope from the measured phase noises. Then, we propose a novel cross correlation method to extract the SUT phase noise. The cross-correlation output of the proposed method yields only the SUT phase noise and does not contain the reference signal phase noise unlike the traditional method. The proposed method was applied to measure the phase noises of the two SUTs, Keysight’s synthesized signal generator E8257D and function generator 33600A. The measured phase noises of the two SUTs were compared and found to show remarkable agreements with those measured using Keysight’s signal source analyzer E5052B. The phase noise floor of our digital phase noise measurement system is about -160 dBc/Hz.