Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HDAC10 alleviates inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage via the PTPN22/NLRP3 pathway in rats

Pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3), a member of the NOD-like receptor family, has a crucial role in the inflammatory process that occurs during intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced injury. Histone deacetylase 10 (HDAC10) is a newly identified class II histone deacetylase involved in immune responses. However, how HDAC10 affects the inflammatory response after ICH remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether HDAC10 relieves ICH injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation through the protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) pathway. We induced ICH in Sprague-Dawley rats (healthy, male adult) with a single infusion of autologous blood. To knockdown HDAC10, we injected siRNA into the rats. To further explore the mechanisms underlying the role of HDAC10 in ICH injury, PTPN22 was silenced. HDAC10 levels were upregulated after ICH in humans and rats, and reached peak levels 24 h after ICH induction in rats. HDAC10 silencing aggravated ICH injury, as demonstrated by increased modified neurological severity scores, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, and number of myeloperoxidase (MPO) cells, and the results of Nissl and H&E staining. Furthermore, HDAC10 knockdown increased the expression of PTPN22 and accentuated inflammatory responses mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome. HDAC10 silencing increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and this was effectively reversed by PTPN22 knockdown using siRNA. Furthermore, HDAC10 silencing also promoted the interaction of PTPN22 and NLRP3. Our study demonstrated that HDAC10 silencing aggravated NLRP3-mediated inflammatory responses after ICH in rats via the PTPN22 pathway. These results suggest that regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a novel method to ameliorate ICH injury.
GRACE and AMSR‐E‐based estimates of winter season solid precipitation accumulation in the Arctic drainage region

[1] Solid precipitation plays a major role in controlling the winter hydrological cycle and spring discharge in the Arctic region. However, it has not been well documented due to sharply decreasing numbers of precipitation gauges, gauge measurement biases, as well as limitations of conventional satellite methods in high latitudes. In this study, we document the winter season solid precipitation accumulation in the Arctic region using the latest new satellite measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). GRACE measures the winter total water (mainly from snow water equivalent (SWE)) storage change through gravity changes while AMSR-E measures the winter SWE through passive microwave measurements. The GRACE and AMSR-E measurements are combined with in situ and numerical model estimates of discharge and evapotranspiration to estimate the winter season solid precipitation accumulation in the Arctic region using the water budget equation. These two satellite-based estimates are then compared to the conventional estimates from two global precipitation products, such as the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Climate Prediction Center's Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP), and three reanalyses, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis, the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' ERA-Interim, and the Japan Meteorological Agency's Climate Data Assimilation System (JCDAS) reanalysis. The GRACE-based estimate is very close to the GPCP and ERA-Interim estimates. The AMSR-E-based estimate is the most different from the other estimates. This GRACE-based measurement of winter season solid precipitation accumulation can provide a new valuable benchmark to understand the hydrological cycle, to validate and evaluate the model simulation, and to improve data assimilation in the Arctic region.
The origin and nature of seismic reflections of sharp‐based shoreface deposits (upper Jurassic Siliciclastics, northern France)

In order to advance understanding of the relationship between geological properties and their physical expression in reflection images, this study has focused expertise in reflection geophysics, petrophysics and sedimentology on the same geological object, in this case a succession of Upper Jurassic sharp‐based shoreface deposits embedded in offshore marine shales in northern France. This integrated approach to determine firstly the origin and nature of seismic reflections (calibration) and secondly to provide a means of extracting geological information from seismic imagery (inverse calibration) was built on the following analytical steps.
Méthode de segmentation par graphe pour le suivi de régions spatio-temporelles

Les representations par graphe sont aujourd’hui encore peu utilisees pour la segmentation video du fait de leur complexite. Elles constituent pourtant une alternative au probleme de consistence temporelle des regions que rencontrent les methodes alternant segmentation spatiale et mise en correspondance temporelle. En analysant les relations d’affinite entre points, il devient en effet possible d’extraire les volumes spatio-temporels et la structure de la video. Dans cet article, nous etendons une methode [1] efficace de segmentation d’images par graphe au domaine spatiotemporel du flux video. Nous substituons la segmentation directe du volume video par un procede iteratif et causal. Le nouvel algorithme permet une reduction significative de la charge, tout en conservant la majeure partie des proprietes de la methode originelle.
Potential impact of investments in drought tolerant maize in Africa

This study was conducted in collaboration with HarvestChoice (IFPRI) and evaluates the potential impacts of the Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa (DTMA) project run by CIMMYT and the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in 13 countries of eastern, southern and West Africa, describing cumulative economic and poverty-reduction benefits to farmers and consumers in those countries over 2007-16, from higher yields and from diminished season-to-season yield fluctuations, through the adoption by farmers of improved, drought tolerant maize varieties. At the most likely rates of adoption drought tolerant maize can generate US$ 0.53 billion from increased maize grain harvests and reduced risk over the study period, assuming conservative yield improvements. Assuming more optimistic yield gains, the economic benefit is nearly US$ 0.88 billion in project countries. If all current improved varieties were replaced with drought tolerant ones, this could help more than 4 million people to escape poverty and many millions more to improve their livelihoods. If as expected farmers who adopt drought tolerant maize continue to grow it beyond 2016, the returns on investments to this work will become even more significant. Correct citation: La Rovere, R. , G. Kostandini, T. Abdoulaye, J. Dixon, W. Mwangi, Z. Guo, and M. Banziger. 2010. Potential impact of investments in drought tolerant maize in Africa. CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ISBN: 978-92-9059-267-9 AGROVOC descriptors: Maize, Zea Mays, Plant production, Resistance varieties, Investment, Cereals AGRIS category codes: E13, E73, E21, F01 Dewey decimal classification: 633.15
The Influence of Soil Wetness on Near-Surface Atmospheric Variability

Abstract The influence of land surface processes on near-surface atmospheric variability on seasonal and interannual time scales is studied using output from two integrations of a general circulation model. In the first experiment of 50 years duration, soil moisture is predicted, thereby taking into consideration interactions between the surface moisture budget and the atmosphere. In the second experiment, of 25 years duration, the seasonal cycle of soil moisture is prescribed at each grid point based upon the results of the first integration, thereby suppressing thew interactions. The same seasonal cycle of soil moisture is prescribed for each year of the second integration. Differences in atmospheric variability between the two integrations are due to interactions between the surface moisture budget and the atmosphere. Analyses of monthly data indicate that the surface moisture budget interacts with the atmosphere in such a way as to lengthen the time scales of fluctuations of near-surface relative humi.
Biases of correlation dimension estimates of streamflow data in the Canadian prairies

The correlation dimension (D2) of the unregulated streamflow data of six rivers in the Canadian prairies were estimated using the Hill estimate and Grassberger‐Procaccia algorithms. From both procedures and using an embedding phase space up to 10 the D2 obtained for all cases are found to “saturate” at ∼3.0. However, the saturated D2 generally increased to between 4 and 6 when the data were first randomly resampled prior to estimating the correlation dimension. Since the highest embedding dimension d used in this study is 10, theoretically, randomly resampled data should have a D2 approximately equal to 10. Therefore there is a consistent underestimation of D2 by an amount of 4–6. By accounting for the combined clustering effect of the streamflow data's underlying distribution (which is Gamma), the effect of sample size and possibly the choice of time delay ∇, the D2 of the prairie streamflow data should be ∼7–9. The hypothesis that the clustering effect of unevenly distributed data contributed to the underestimation of D2 was confirmed from the different D2 obtained for random numbers of uniform, Gamma, and Poisson distributions. In addition, analysis of the uniformly distributed random numbers and streamflow data showed that increasing the sample size from, say 6500 to 17,000 marginally improved the estimated D2. However, for the range of time delay chosen for this study, 40–180 days, its effect on D2 is less obvious. This may be partly because all the streamflow data tested exhibit long‐term persistence.
The Indian Society for Study of Pain, Cancer Pain Special Interest Group guidelines on pharmacological management of cancer pain (Part III)

The Indian Society for Study of Pain (ISSP), Cancer Pain Special Interest Group, guidelines on pharmacological management of cancer pain in adults provide a structured, step-wise approach which will help to improve the management of cancer pain and to provide patients with a minimally acceptable quality of life. The guidelines have been developed based on the available literature and evidence, to suit the needs, patient population, and situations in India. A questionnaire based on the key elements of each subdraft addressing certain inconclusive areas where evidence was lacking, was made available on the ISSP website and circulated by E-mail to all the ISSP and Indian Association of Palliative Care members. Antidepressants and/or anticonvulsants should be used to treat neuropathic cancer pain and the dose should be titrated according to the clinical response and side effects. External beam radiotherapy should be offered to all patients with painful metastatic bone pain. There is evidence on the use of ketamine in cancer neuropathic pain, but with no beneficial effect, thus it is not recommended.
Contribution of explicit processes to reinforcement-based motor learning

2017. —Despite increasing interest in the role of reward in motor learning, the underlying mechanisms remain ill deﬁned. In particular, the contribution of explicit processes to reward-based motor learning is unclear. To address this, we examined subjects’ ( n (cid:2) 30) ability to learn to compensate for a gradually introduced 25° visuomotor rota- tion with only reward-based feedback (binary success/failure). Only two-thirds of subjects ( n (cid:2) 20) were successful at the maximum angle. The remaining subjects initially followed the rotation but after a variable number of trials began to reach at an insufﬁciently large angle and subsequently returned to near-baseline performance ( n (cid:2) 10). Furthermore, those who were successful accomplished this via a large explicit component, evidenced by a reduction in reach angle when they were asked to remove any strategy they employed. How- ever, both groups displayed a small degree of remaining retention even after the removal of this explicit component. All subjects made greater and more variable changes in reach angle after incorrect (unrewarded) trials. However, subjects who failed to learn showed decreased sensitivity to errors, even in the initial period in which they followed the rotation, a pattern previously found in parkinsonian patients. In a second experiment, the addition of a secondary mental rotation task completely abolished learning ( n (cid:2) 10), while a control group replicated the results of the ﬁrst experiment ( n (cid:2) 10). These results emphasize a pivotal role of explicit processes during reinforce- ment-based motor learning, and the susceptibility of this form of learning to disruption has important implications for its potential therapeutic beneﬁts. only reward-based feedback is principally accom- plished via the development of a large explicit component. Further-more, this form of learning is susceptible to disruption with a sec- ondary task. The results suggest that future experiments utilizing reward-based feedback should aim to dissect the roles of implicit and explicit reinforcement learning systems. Therapeutic motor learning approaches based on reward should be aware of the sensitivity to disruption.
An Optimization Model of Molecular Voronoi Cells in Computational Chemistry

In computational chemistry or crystallography, we always meet the problem that requires distributing N particles in one square unit with the minimal neighbor distance. Sometimes this problem is with special or complex constraints. This short article will build a molecular optimization model for the problem, and then will show one example of the application of this model
Bromodomain as New Targets in Drug Discovery

Epigenetics is the study of reversible forms of gene regulation characterized by changes in the pattern of post-translational modifications and responsible to develop new phenotypes that are encoded in the DNA sequence [1]. The main modifications in genetic material include DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, ubiquitination and phosphorylation [2]. In the last years, many researches have demonstrated that inhibition of epigenetic modifications is considered valuable targets to drug development for several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders [3].
On the climate forcing of carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide plays a primary role in governing OH abundances in the troposphere. It is likely that through this chemical interaction, CO plays an important role in climate forcing by affecting CH 4 concentrations. We use a photochemical box model to estimate the indirect global warming potential (GWP) of tropospheric carbon monoxide resulting from its effect on methane abundances. We also consider indirect GWPs of CO due to carbon dioxide production and possible CO GWP ranges due to ozone production to estimate a total CO indirect GWP range over various time horizons. We estimate that for current emission levels, the short-term (<15 years) cumulative radiative forcing due to the direct anthropogenic emission of CO may be larger than the cumulative forcing due to anthropogenically emitted N 2 O.
U.S. conterminous wall-to-wall anthropogenic land use trends (NWALT), 1974–2012

This dataset provides a U.S. national 60-meter, 19-class mapping of anthropogenic land uses for five time periods: 1974, 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2012. The 2012 dataset is based on a slightly modified version of the National Land Cover Database 2011 (NLCD 2011) that was recoded to a schema of land uses, and mapped back in time to develop datasets for the four earlier eras. The time periods coincide with U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Census of Agriculture data collection years. Changes are derived from (a) known changes in water bodies from reservoir construction or removal; (b) housing unit density changes; (c) regional mining/extraction trends; (d) for 1999–2012, timber and forestry activity based on U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Landscape Fire and Resource Management Planning Tools (Landfire) data; (e) county-level USDA Census of Agriculture change in cultivated land; and (f) establishment dates of major conservation areas. The data are compared to several other published studies and datasets as validation. Caveats are provided about limitations of the data for some classes. The work was completed as part of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program and termed the NAWQA Wall-to-Wall Anthropogenic Land Use Trends (NWALT) dataset. The associated datasets include five 60-meter geospatial rasters showing anthropogenic land use for the years 1974, 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2012, and 14 rasters showing the annual extent of timber clearcutting and harvest from 1999 to 2012.
Interventional radiology in pelvic trauma

Blunt pelvic trauma is commonly encountered in major trauma centers. Associated injuries are common but mortality related to pelvic fractures alone when associated with haemodynamic instability is not insignificant. Interventional radiology (IR) can provide rapid cessation of haemorrhage if considered early in patient management and there is a vast amount of evidence in support of IR in this setting. Early identification of patients who are likely to benefit from angiography and embolisation is of paramount importance and demands a multidisciplinary approach to provide the patient with the best chance of survival. This article reviews the evidence for IR in this setting and discusses the techniques available.
What is the effect of unresolved internal climate variability on climate sensitivity estimates?

Many studies have attempted to estimate the equilibrium climate sensitivity (CS) to the doubling of CO2concentrations. One common methodology is to compare versions of Earth models of intermediate complexity (EMICs) to spatially and/or temporally averaged historical observations. Despite the persistent efforts, CS remains uncertain. It is, thus far, unclear what is driving this uncertainty. Moreover, the effects of the internal climate variability on the CS estimates obtained using this method have not received thorough attention in the literature. Using a statistical approximator (“emulator”) of an EMIC, we show in an observation system simulation study that unresolved internal climate variability appears to be a key driver of CS uncertainty (as measured by the 68% credible interval). We first simulate many realizations of pseudo‒observations from an emulator at a “true” prescribed CS, and then reestimate the CS using the pseudo‒observations and an inverse parameter estimation method. We demonstrate that a single realization of the internal variability can result in a sizable discrepancy between the best CS estimate and the truth. Specifically, the average discrepancy is 0.84°C, with the feasible range up to several °C. The results open the possibility that recent climate sensitivity estimates from global observations and EMICs are systematically considerably lower or higher than the truth, since they are typically based on the same realization of climate variability. This possibility should be investigated in future work. We also find that estimation uncertainties increase at higher climate sensitivities, suggesting that a high CS might be difficult to detect.
Integral imaging with increased depth of field and depth of focus by using phase masks

Integral imaging systems permit to capture and reproduce three-dimensional scenes. However they usually suffer from a limited depth of field and/or limited depth of focus that severely reduces the depth range that can be used in practice. In order for such a system to be able to capture and reproduce large-depth scenes without any adjustment, we propose to include in the integral imaging system an array of phase masks in order to increase the depth of focus of the final three-dimensional images. We consider both the pickup and the reconstruction stages.
American Journal of Epidemiology Original Contribution Body Mass Index, Exercise, and Other Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Age at Natural Menopause: Analyses from the Breakthrough Generations Study

The authors examined the effect of women's lifestyles on the timing of natural menopause using data from a cross-sectional questionnaire used in the United Kingdom-based Breakthrough Generations Study in 2003–2011. The analyses included 50,678 women (21,511 who had experienced a natural menopause) who were 40–98 years of age at study entry and did not have a history of breast cancer. Cox competing risks proportional hazards models were fitted to examine the relation of age at natural menopause to lifestyle and anthropometric factors. Results were adjusted for age at reporting, smoking status at menopause, parity, and body mass index at age 40 years, as appropriate. All P values were 2-sided. High adult weight (P trend < 0.001), high body mass index (P trend < 0.001), weight gain between the ages of 20 and 40 years (P trend ¼ 0.01), not smoking (P < 0.001), increased alcohol consumption (P trend < 0.001), regular strenuous exercise (P < 0.01), and not being a vegetarian (P < 0.001) were associated with older age at menopause. Neither height nor history of an eating disorder was associated with menopausal age. These findings show the importance of lifestyle factors in determining menopausal age. Menopause represents the end of a woman's reproductive life, but fertility begins to decline rapidly several years before the onset of menopause (1). Moreover, menopausal age is a known risk factor for several chronic diseases; for example, older age at menopause increases the risk of breast cancer (2). Factors that determine menopausal age, especially those that are modifiable, are therefore of interest. On average, natural menopause occurs between the ages of 48 and 52 years in American and European populations (3), but it can vary greatly between individuals. At the extreme end of the spectrum, approximately 1% of women reach menopause before 40 years of age (4). Genetic factors (5), cigarette smoking around the time of menopause (6), and nulliparity (6) are associated with earlier menopause. However , there are few other established risk factors, and the effects of a woman's body size, exercise habits, and diet on her subsequent menopausal age are not known. These factors are of interest because they affect menarcheal age (7) and other reproductive processes, such as menstrual cycle length (8), and therefore might alter the age at menopause. Cross-sectional data from 50,678 women participating in the Breakthrough Generations Study (BGS), a longitudinal study of breast cancer risk factors, …
Detection of an infectious retrovirus, XMRV, in blood cells of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome

In October 2009, we reported the first direct isolation of infectious xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV). In that study, we used a combination of biological amplification and molecular enhancement techniques to detect XMRV in more than 75% of 101 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Since our report, controversy arose after the publication of several studies that failed to detect XMRV infection in their CFS patient populations. In this addenda, we further detail the multiple detection methods we used in order to observe XMRV infection in our CFS cohort. Our results indicate that PCR from DNA of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is the least sensitive method for detection of XMRV in subjects' blood. We advocate the use of more than one type of assay in order to determine the frequency of XMRV infection in patient cohorts in future studies of the relevance of XMRV to human disease.