Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Executive control network resting state fMRI functional and effective connectivity and delay discounting in cocaine dependent subjects compared to healthy controls

Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to study functional connectivity of brain networks in addictions. However, most studies to-date have focused on the default mode network (DMN) with fewer studies assessing the executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN), despite well-documented cognitive executive behavioral deficits in addictions. The present study assessed the functional and effective connectivity of the ECN, DMN, and SN in cocaine dependent subjects (CD) (n = 22) compared to healthy control subjects (HC) (n = 22) matched on age and education. This study also investigated the relationship between impulsivity measured by delay discounting and functional and effective connectivity of the ECN, DMN, and SN. The Left ECN (LECN), Right ECN (RECN), DMN, and SN functional networks were identified using FSL MELODIC independent component analysis. Functional connectivity differences between CD and HC were assessed using FSL Dual Regression analysis and FSLNets. Effective connectivity differences between CD and HC were measured using the Parametric Empirical Bayes module of Dynamic Causal Modeling. The relationship between delay discounting and functional and effective connectivity were examined using regression analyses. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis showed strong evidence (posterior probability > 0.95) for CD to have greater effective connectivity than HC in the RECN to LECN pathway when tobacco use was included as a factor in the model. DCM analysis showed strong evidence for a positive association between delay discounting and effective connectivity for the RECN to LECN pathway and for the DMN to DMN self-connection. There was strong evidence for a negative association between delay discounting and effective connectivity for the DMN to RECN pathway and for the SN to DMN pathway. Results also showed strong evidence for a negative association between delay discounting and effective connectivity for the RECN to SN pathway in CD but a positive association in HC. These novel findings provide preliminary support that RECN effective connectivity may differ between CD and HC after controlling for tobacco use. RECN effective connectivity may also relate to tobacco use and impulsivity as measured by delay discounting.
Administration of GnRH at day 20 of AI and embryonic losses in synchronized crossbred buffalo

Introduction Following the application of different artificial insemination and synchronization protocols, the synchronized buffaloes had a higher incidence of early embryonic or fetal death, thus impairing reproductive performance. Therefore, there is a need to devise a synchronizing program that can improve conception, allow early pregnancy diagnosis, reduce early embryonic losses, and provide an early clue for pregnancy diagnosis and establishment. The present study aimed (1) to determine the effect of administration of different GnRH doses at day 20 of artificial insemination (AI) on the reproductive performance of buffaloes and (2) to observe the influence of synchronization protocol, parity, age, milk production, and body condition score (BCS) on early embryonic loss and progesterone (P4) levels in crossbred buffaloes. Methods Crossbred buffaloes (n = 101) were synchronized using the GPGMH protocol. At day 20 of AI, the synchronized buffaloes were randomly divided into four groups and administrated GnRH doses (0, 100, 150, and 200 μg). The buffaloes were monitored for ovarian dynamics, P4 level, non-return rate, embryonic/fetal losses, and pregnancy rates. The previously synchronized buffaloes were also classified for synchronization protocol (with or without GnRH), parity (nulli- or multiparous), milk production (high or low), BCS (low, medium, or good) or age (>3 or < 3 years) groups for observing the embryonic loss and P4 level variations. Results The results indicated no difference (P > 0.05) in CL size, P4 level, pregnancy rate and embryo/fetal losses across the treatment groups at different observation periods. There was a high (P < 0.05) incidence of early embryonic mortality in aged, multiparous, low BCS and low milk-producing buffaloes treated without GnRH. Conclusion The data suggest that GnRH 200 μg at day 20 of AI improves embryo survival and pregnancy maintenance in crossbred buffaloes.
Crime, Choice, and Context

This special issue is the result of a workshop held on 22 October 2021 at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law in Freiburg, Germany. The reason for organizing the workshop was that in spite of its ubiquitous influence on human judgment and decision making, the study of context has not yet reached center stage in research on criminal choice. The workshop addressed this hiatus and set the stage for novel research that revisits the multidisciplinary roots of the study of criminal decision making and expands its rational choice foundations. To this end, participants to the workshop were invited to examine how context shapes criminal decision processes. More specifically, they were encouraged to do so in ways that move beyond the axiomatic construct of rational decision making underlying neoclassical economics to incorporate findings and theoretical perspectives from several decades of research in criminology, behavioral economics, and psychology.
The Role of Inverted Papilloma Surgical Removal for Sleep Apnea Treatment Success—A Case Report

In recent years, increased attention has been directed to sleep apnea syndrome due to its high prevalence and preventable severe health consequences. Besides enhancing the risk of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic disorders, it determines increased daytime somnolence, cognitive impairment, and delayed reaction time. These symptoms, determined by sleep fragmentation and chronic hypoxemia, can result in a decrease in professional performance and, moreover, could have tragic implications, especially in patients with high-risk professions. We present the case of a 58-year-old male-truck driver, known to suffer from uncontrolled OSA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who presented to our ENT department for incapacitating daytime somnolence and severe nasal obstruction. These symptoms were caused by a voluminous sinonasal inverted papilloma, occupying the entire left cavity with extension in the nasopharynx. Following nose permeabilization, the patients’ APAP compliance grew substantially, with a dramatic decrease in daytime sleepiness and improvement in polysomnographic parameters. Due to the overlap syndrome of OSA and COPD, an oxygen supplementation was added to PAP therapy by a pulmonologist, improving pulse-oximetry parameters and resulting in the best outcome for the patient. Through this case report, we aim to emphasize the importance of multimodal, personalized treatment of sleep apnea with a focus on nasal surgical permeabilization. At the same time, we sustain a multidisciplinary approach, especially in patients with sleep apnea and associated pathologies, to obtain therapeutic success. We propose increased attention to the early recognition and proper treatment of sleep apnea in patients with high-risk professions as it prevents catastrophes.
Dual basis systolic multipliers for GF(2m)

Two systolic multipliers for GF(2/sup m/) are presented, one bit-serial and one bit-parallel. Both multipliers are hardware efficient and support pipelining. Both architectures are highly regular, require only local communication lines and have longest delay paths independent of m. Consequently these multipliers can be clocked at high speeds and are suitable for VLSI implementation. The design of both these multipliers is also independent of the defining irreducible polynomial for the field.
Functional Outcome of MIPO (Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis) in Distal Third Femur Fractures with Intra Articular Extension

Distal femur fractures include fractures of the supracondylar and intercondylar region. They account for around 3-6% of femur fractures. They occur both in younger patients (as the result of high energy trauma) or in older patients (from low energy trauma as pathological fracture secondary to osteoporosis or malignancy). Despite advances in implant design, the management of distal femur fractures remain challenging. Fracture comminution and intra-articular extension with severe soft tissue injury can make it difficult to obtain an adequate reduction while preserving the soft tissue attachments to bone fragments to allow for bone healing. This study was done to study the functional of MIPO (Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis) in distal third femur fractures with intra articular extension.
Interactivity and live-streaming commerce purchase intention: Social presence as a mediator

We investigated the relationship between interactivity and consumer purchase intention in the context of live-streaming commerce, with consideration of social presence as a mediator. Participants were 339 undergraduate students at six universities in China who had experience of live-streaming commerce. The results indicated that interactivity in live-streaming commerce had a direct and positive relationship with consumers' purchase intention, with social presence acting as a mediator of this relationship. Our findings shed light on how interactivity in live-streaming commerce helps to enhance consumers' purchase intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Evolving Role of Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare cancer usually caused by asbestos exposure and associated with a very poor prognosis. After more than a decade without new therapeutic options, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrated superiority over standard chemotherapy, with improved overall survival in the first and later-line settings. However, a significant proportion of patients still do not derive benefit from ICIs, highlighting the need for new treatment strategies and predictive biomarkers of response. Combinations with chemo-immunotherapy or ICIs and anti-VEGF are currently being evaluated in clinical trials and might change the standard of care in the near future. Alternatively, some non-ICI immunotherapeutic approaches, such as mesothelin targeted CAR-T cells or denditric-cells vaccines, have shown promising results in early phases of trials and are still in development. Finally, immunotherapy with ICIs is also being evaluated in the peri-operative setting, in the minority of patients presenting with resectable disease. The goal of this review is to discuss the current role of immunotherapy in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma, as well as promising future therapeutic directions.
Iterative Learning Model Predictive Control With Fuzzy Neural Network for Nonlinear Systems

Due to the existence of strong nonlinearity and external disturbances, the controller design of complex nonlinear systems is a challenging problem. Therefore, it is necessary to design an effective robust predictive controller for this issue. In this article, based on a fuzzy neural network, an iterative learning model predictive control (FNN-ILMPC) is designed for complex nonlinear systems. First, a dynamic linearization technique is used to establish a data-driven model, which only relies on input and output data. Since the established model contains an unknown disturbance term that may have an impact on the control performance, an FNN is used to evaluate the disturbance so that the uncertainty of the system is captured. Subsequently, based on the above data-driven model, an FNN-ILMPC strategy, considering the impact of external disturbances, is developed to eliminate the influence of disturbances. Then, it is proved that the designed controller can make both modeling error and tracking error decrease gradually and ensure the closed-loop system stability. Finally, the experimental results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the designed controller.
Sphingolipid Long-Chain Base Signaling in Compatible and Non-Compatible Plant–Pathogen Interactions in Arabidopsis

The chemical diversity of sphingolipids in plants allows the assignment of specific roles to special molecular species. These roles include NaCl receptors for glycosylinositolphosphoceramides or second messengers for long-chain bases (LCBs), free or in their acylated forms. Such signaling function has been associated with plant immunity, with an apparent connection to mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work used in planta assays with mutants and fumonisin B1 (FB1) to generate varying levels of endogenous sphingolipids. This was complemented with in planta pathogenicity tests using virulent and avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strains. Our results indicate that the surge of specific free LCBs and ceramides induced by FB1 or an avirulent strain trigger a biphasic ROS production. The first transient phase is partially produced by NADPH oxidase, and the second is sustained and is related to programmed cell death. MPK6 acts downstream of LCB buildup and upstream of late ROS and is required to selectively inhibit the growth of the avirulent but not the virulent strain. Altogether, these results provide evidence that a LCB– MPK6– ROS signaling pathway contributes differentially to the two forms of immunity described in plants, upregulating the defense scheme of a non-compatible interaction.
A vectorial treatment of optical systems

Optical data-processing systems in which the vectorial nature of light has to be taken into account can be described adequately by a theory in which the point spread is a tensor. The well-known scalar theory and the Jones calculus are, as special cases, both incorporated into this theory. Some basic properties and restrictions that can be imposed upon the optical system will be introduced. A general reciprocity relation will be derived, and the restriction that the reciprocity relation imposes upon the optical system will be discussed. This discussion leads to the remarkable conclusion that a reciprocal optical system neither can be described exactly in terms of a scalar theory nor by a Jones matrix with constant coefficients.
Design of a 10.56-Gb/s 64-QAM Polar Transmitter at 60 GHz in 28-nm CMOS

Improving the energy efficiency of wireless communication transmitters is an increasingly important target now that millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies are being used. To improve the efficiency compared with classical transmit architectures that use a class A/AB power amplifier (PA), we propose here a polar transmitter that operates around 60 GHz. This transmitter is based on a radio frequency digital-to-analog converter (RF-DAC). This RF-DAC uses a switching scheme that greatly reduces signal leakage via disabled unit cells which greatly improves the output signal quality. In this way, this polar transmitter can process higher order modulation schemes at mm-wave frequencies, such as a 64-QAM, where an excellent error vector magnitude (EVM) specification is required. This mm-wave polar transmitter, prototyped in a 28-nm CMOS technology, consists of a digital PA (DPA) using 7-bit RF-DACs for amplitude modulation (AM),and an active phase shifter (PS) using two 7-bit variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) with an in-phase quadrature (IQ)-hybrid for phase modulation (PM). All the amplitude and phase samples for the RF core are accessed from an on-chip memory. Static measurements show a power gain of 21.5 dB, a saturated output power ( $P_{\text {sat}}$ ) of 12.6 dBm, and a peak drain efficiency of 25.9% at 64 GHz. A 10.56-Gb/s 64-QAM signal at −27.8-dB EVM is demonstrated with measured core and system efficiencies of 8.5% and 3.9%, respectively. The transmitter consumes 159-mA current from a 0.9-V supply.
Effects of Muscle Fatigue and Recovery on the Neuromuscular Network after an Intermittent Handgrip Fatigue Task: Spectral Analysis of Electroencephalography and Electromyography Signals

Mechanisms underlying exercise-induced muscle fatigue and recovery are dependent on peripheral changes at the muscle level and improper control of motoneurons by the central nervous system. In this study, we analyzed the effects of muscle fatigue and recovery on the neuromuscular network through the spectral analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals. A total of 20 healthy right-handed volunteers performed an intermittent handgrip fatigue task. In the prefatigue, postfatigue, and postrecovery states, the participants contracted a handgrip dynamometer with sustained 30% maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs); EEG and EMG data were recorded. A considerable decrease was noted in EMG median frequency in the postfatigue state compared with the findings in other states. Furthermore, the EEG power spectral density of the right primary cortex exhibited a prominent increase in the gamma band. Muscle fatigue led to increases in the beta and gamma bands of contralateral and ipsilateral corticomuscular coherence, respectively. Moreover, a decrease was noted in corticocortical coherence between the bilateral primary motor cortices after muscle fatigue. EMG median frequency may serve as an indicator of muscle fatigue and recovery. Coherence analysis revealed that fatigue reduced the functional synchronization among bilateral motor areas but increased that between the cortex and muscle.
Characteristics of Nutrients and Microbiological Dadih Puding as Food Supplementation for Children with Sars-Cov-2 Infection

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that cause COVID-19 global pandemic is a devastating disease causing thousands of victims every day. Therefore, there must be a certain effort to reduce the risk of the disease progress, including improvement of individual immune system like the probiotic supplementation. Meanwhile, dadih is a dairy product obtained from fermented buffalo milk contains various nutrients for human body, especially probiotics that beneficial for reducing the risk of COVID-19 infection in children. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional and microbiological content of dadih pudding as additional supplementation in children confirmed positive for COVID-19. The study design was True Experiment using Completely Randomized Design (CRD). It consisted of four formulas. They were F0 as the standard formula, then F1, F2, and F3 as the treatment formula by adding dadih 50, 60, 70, and 80 grams, respectively. This study was initiated with the analysis of biochemical nutritional valueÂ at a laboratory in Padang Research Center and Industry Standardization. Besides, it also determined the number of total Acid Lactic Bacterial quantification which was analyzed at microbiology laboratory, Agricultured Technology Faculty, UniversitasÂ Andalas. Nutrients and lactic acid bacteria in dadih pudding are potential as food supplementation, especially for children with COVID-19 infection. It is strongly recommended to give probiotic dadih to children in order to counter oxidative stress and inflammation, and the setting of COVID-19. Â
A Method for Distinguishing the Two Candidate Elliptic Curves in the Complex Multiplication Method

In this paper, we particularly deal with no Fp‐rational two‐torsion elliptic curves, where Fp is the prime field of the characteristic p. First we introduce a shift product‐based polynomial transform. Then, we show that the parities of (#E – 1)/2 and (#E’ – 1)/2 are reciprocal to each other, where #E and #E’ are the orders of the two candidate curves obtained at the last step of complex multiplication (CM)‐based algorithm. Based on this property, we propose a method to check the parity by using the shift product‐based polynomial transform. For a 160 bits prime number as the characteristic, the proposed method carries out the parity check 25 or more times faster than the conventional checking method when 4 divides the characteristic minus 1. Finally, this paper shows that the proposed method can make CM‐based algorithm that looks up a table of precomputed class polynomials more than 10 percent faster.
Information loss for 2 × 2 tables with missing cell counts: binomial case

We formulate likelihood‐based ecological inference for 2 × 2 tables with missing cell counts as an incomplete data problem and study Fisher information loss by comparing estimation from complete and incomplete data. In so doing, we consider maximum‐likelihood (ML) estimators of probabilities governed by two independent binomial distributions and obtain simplified expressions for their covariance. These expressions reflect well the additional uncertainty arising from the unobserved data compared to complete data tables. We also discuss an approximation to the expected conditional variance of the unobserved entries and ML parameter bias correction. An empirical example is used to demonstrate the results.
Phronesis: shifting the concept of the political in the environmental humanities

ABSTRACT This essay examines the concept of the political as it is invoked in the environmental humanities. The critical project of the field involves overcoming the sensory and perceptive limits of enclosure within the realm of the merely human. By theorising new relations to the environment, environmental humanists seek forms of political action that allow humans to inhabit the planet more sustainably. This focus on theoretical wisdom – or sophia – has constrained the field. This essay argues for the value of practical wisdom – or phronesis – as a critical mode more appropriate to the urgent requirements of the Anthropocene.
Lowered dislocation densities in uniform GaN layers grown on step-free (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces

We report that very low threading dislocation densities (8×107∕cm2) were achieved in uniform GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces 50μm×50μm in area that were completely free of steps. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that all observable GaN film threading dislocations were of edge type. TEM analysis of the defect structure of the nucleation layer (aluminum nitride, AlN) revealed a lack of c-component dislocations, and the clean annihilation of lateral, a-type dislocations within the first 200 nm of growth, with no lateral dislocations developing threading arms. These results indicate that the elimination of steps on the initial (0001) 4H-SiC growth surface may play an important role in the removal of mixed and c-type dislocations in subsequently grown AlN and GaN heteroepitaxial layers.
Masses and mass-to-light ratios for eight elliptical galaxies from a test of anisotropic models

A detailed test of the quality of a simple family of anisotropic self-consistent global models for quasi-spherical galaxies is made by considering a set of bright ellipticals with available photometric and kinematical data. The photometric fit, under the assumption of constant mass-to-light ratio, not only proves to be very good but also better than fits based upon the isotropic King models or the R exp 1/4 law. In addition, the fit to the kinematical data allows total masses and mass-to-light ratios to be determined. Seeing convolution effects are also briefly discussed and illustrated. 53 references.