Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Analysis on Transcriptome and Methylome in Prevention of Mammary Tumor Induced by Early Life Combined Botanicals

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. The consumption of natural dietary components such as broccoli sprouts (BSp) and green tea polyphenols (GTPs) has demonstrated exciting potential in reducing the risk of BC through the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms. However, little is known about their impacts on reversing epigenomic aberrations that are centrally involved in the initiation and progression of BC. Previously, we have determined the efficacy of combined BSp and GTPs treatment on the inhibition of the growth of a mammary tumor in a transgenic Her2/neu mouse model. We sought to extend our previous study to identify universal biomarkers that represent common mechanistic changes among different mouse models in response to this dietary regime by including a new transgenic mouse model, C3(1)-SV40 TAg (SV40). As a result, we identified novel target genes that were differentially expressed and methylated in response to dietary botanicals when administered singly (BSp and GTPs) and in combination (BSp + GTPs) in both mouse models. We discovered more differentially expressed and methylated genes in the combination treatment group compared to the singly administered groups. Subsequently, several biological pathways related to epigenetic regulations were identified in response to the combination treatment. Furthermore, when compared to the BSp and GTPs treatment alone, the combinatorial treatment showed a more significant impact on the regulation of the epigenetic modifier activities involved in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Our study provides key insights about the impact of the combined administration of BSp and GTPs on BC using a multi-omics analysis, suggesting a combinatorial approach is more efficacious in preventing and inhibiting BC by impacting key tumor-related genes at transcriptomic and methylomic levels. Our findings could be further extrapolated as a comprehensive source for understanding the epigenetic modifications that are associated with the effects of these dietary botanicals on BC prevention.
Algorithmic aspects of constrained unit disk graphs

Computational problems on graphs often arise in two- or three-dimensional geometric contexts. Such problems include assigning channels to radio transmitters (graph colouring), physically routing traces on a printed circuit board (graph drawing), and modelling molecules. It is reasonable to expect that natural graph problems have more efficient solutions when restricted to such geometric graphs. Unfortunately, many familiar NP-complete problems remain NP-complete on geometric graphs. Indifference graphs arise in a one-dimensional geometric context; they are the intersection graphs of unit intervals on the line. Many NP-complete problems on arbitrary graphs do have efficient solutions on indifference graphs. Yet these same problems remain NP-complete for the intersection graphs of unit disks in the plane (unit disk graphs), a natural two-dimensional generalization of indifference graphs. What accounts for this situation, and how can algorithms be designed to deal with it? To study these issues, this thesis identifies a range of subclasses of unit disk graphs in which the second spatial dimension is gradually introduced. More specifically, $\tau$-strip graphs "interpolate" between unit disk graphs and indifference graphs; they are the intersection graphs of unit-diameter disks whose centres are constrained to lie in a strip of thickness $\tau. $ This thesis studies algorithmic and structural aspects of varying the value $\tau$ for $\tau$-strip graphs. The thesis takes significant steps towards characterizing, recognizing, and laying out strip graphs. We will also see how to develop algorithms for several problems on strip graphs, and how to exploit their geometric representation. In particular, we will see that problems become especially tractable when the strips are "thin" ($\tau$ is small) or "discrete" (the number of possible y-coordinates for the disks is small). Note again that indifference graphs are the thinnest $(\tau=0)$ and most discrete (one y-coordinate) of the nontrivial $\tau$-strip graphs. The immediate results of this research concern algorithms for a specific class of graphs. The real contribution of this research is the elucidation of when and where geometry can be exploited in the development of efficient graph theoretic algorithms.
De novo design of the global transcriptional factor Cra‐regulated promoters enables highly sensitive glycolysis flux biosensor for dynamic metabolic control

Glycolytic flux is a fundamental index in microbial cell factories. A glycolytic flux biosensor that can monitor glucose metabolism efficiency is a promising strategy in rewiring metabolic flux to balance growth and biosynthesis. A key design feature of the glycolytic flux biosensors is the interaction between the global transcriptional factor Cra and its regulated promoters. However, overexpression and mutation of Cra has unpredictable effects on global metabolism in Escherichia coli. Therefore, new orthogonal biosensor design strategies should be developed to circumvent metabolic issues. In this report, the promoters in glycolytic flux biosensor were replaced with synthetic promoters of varying strengths or phage‐derived promoters, and the Cra DNA‐binding sites were deployed into promoters at different positions and distances to yield biosensors. The de nova biosensors that depended on Cra could sense Fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate (FBP) with broad dynamic ranges and low basal leakage. Then the negative‐response biosensors were applied to fine‐tune the target ATP synthesis gene, leading to the desired increase in pyruvate production (the highest 9.66 g/L) and cell growth. Moreover, the membrane synthesis gene plsC was also dynamically activated by the positive‐response biosensor, leading to effective accumulation of lycopene in the cell membrane and a 50‐fold increase in lycopene titre (100.3 mg/L) when compared with the control strain, demonstrating the effective and broader usages of our biosensors.
Design and analysis of single and multi‐input multioutput triple‐band metamaterial inspired antennas for WiMAX, WLAN, and satellite applications

This work proposes an electrical compact triple‐bands antenna founded on a composite left‐/right‐handed approach. This structure contains a rectangular patch combined with two unit cells based on the metamaterial properties that are used to produce wide electrical lengths in miniature physical sizes. Thus, the presented antenna is designed with a lower resonant frequency and miniature physical dimensions compared to conventional antennas. The suggested antenna has been produced on top of the FR4 substrate having tan δ = 0.022, εr = 4.58, and a size of 28 × 16 × 1.6 mm3. This structure provides three bandwidths of (2.391–2.54 GHz), (3.42–3.56 GHz), and (5.02–11.40 GHz). Additionally, a multi‐input multioutput (MIMO) antenna is designed by placing two similar radiating patches in a perpendicular shape. Therefore, this design approach has been used to achieve an important isolation among ports and less than −30 dB at frequency bands. The results of radiation patterns, envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity loss are below to 0.06, 10 dB, and 0.4 b/s/Hz respectively, which confirms that the MIMO antenna is compatible with wireless MIMO devices. These antennas have been modeled and experimentally confirmed, and the results have proven that the suggested antennas are useable and can support multi‐standard wireless applications.
Atmospheric parameters of field subdwarf B stars

High signal-to-noise ratio optical spectrophotometry of a sample of field subluminous B stars drawn largely from the Palomar Green ultraviolet-excess survey is analyzed with a new grid of model atmospheres and synthetic spectra. The stellar effective temperatures, surface gravities, and photospheric helium abundances are determined simultaneously from a detailed analysis of hydrogen and helium absorption line profiles. The derived temperatures and gravities place the subluminous B stars in the theoroetical Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram along and bounded below by theoretical sequences of the zero-age extended horizontal branch, lending strong support to the hypothesis that these stars are composed of helium-burning cores of approximately 0.5 solar mass overlain by very thin layers of hydrogen (approximately less than 0.02 solar mass). Various scenarios for their past evolutionary history are examined in the context of their probable future evolution into white dwarfs of lower than average mass.
Electromigration in Metals

Learn to assess electromigration reliability and design more resilient chips in this comprehensive and practical resource. Beginning with fundamental physics and building to advanced methodologies, this book enables the reader to develop highly reliable on-chip wiring stacks and power grids. Through a detailed review on the role of microstructure, interfaces and processing on electromigration reliability, as well as characterisation, testing and analysis, the book follows the development of on-chip interconnects from microscale to nanoscale. Practical modeling methodologies for statistical analysis, from simple 1D approximation to complex 3D description, can be used for step-by-step development of reliable on-chip wiring stacks and industrial-grade power/ground grids. This is an ideal resource for materials scientists and reliability and chip design engineers.
Interweaving xenophobia and racism in South Africa: the impact of racial discrimination on anti-immigrant hate violence among people of colour

Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination are quite prevalent among the adult population of colour in South Africa. This article will argue that ongoing experiences of racial intolerance encourage participation in hate crime. To validate this thesis, two models are tested: (a) the Common Ingroup Identity (CII) and (b) Social Identity Threats (SITs). The former suggests that experiences of discrimination can help create a shared ‘disadvantaged’ identity that produces intergroup tolerance. The latter contends that group discrimination undermines social norms and the stress caused can encourage aggression. The study examined participation in anti-immigrant violence as well as behavioural intention towards the same. Nationally representative survey data from the South African Social Attitudes Survey was used. Multinomial regression analysis found that experiences of perceived personal and collective discrimination influenced participation in hate crime. This finding was consistent with the SITs model rather than the CII model. Socio-economic status was found to buffer the influence of racial discrimination, showing how economic advantages helped people cope with adverse situations. Study outcomes demonstrate how the legacy of white settler colonialism has contributed to xenophobia in the post-apartheid period. Policy interventions (especially those targeting the poor) that reduce racial discrimination will decrease public participation in hate crime.
Adding Mobile Elements to Online Physical Activity Interventions for Adults Aged Over 50 Years: Prototype Development Study

Background Only a minority of adults aged over 50 years meet physical activity (PA) guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). eHealth interventions are proven effective tools to help this population increase its PA levels in the short term, among which the Active Plus and I Move interventions have been developed by our own research group. To achieve long-term effects, increase intervention use, and decrease dropout rates, 3 emergent but different mobile elements (an activity tracker, an ecological momentary intervention [EMI] program, and a chatbot) were added separately to Active Plus and I Move. In this study, the prototype development and pilot-testing of these interventions is described. Objective This study aims to enhance 2 existing PA-stimulating computer-based interventions with 3 mobile elements (an activity tracker, an EMI program, or a chatbot) and test the prototypes on usability and appreciation within a target population of adults aged over 50 years. Methods A systematic design protocol consisting of development, evaluation, and adaptation procedures was followed with involvement of the target population. Literature searches separated per mobile element and interviews with the target population (N=11) led to 6 prototypes: Active Plus or I Move including (1) an activity tracker, (2) EMI, or (3) a chatbot. These prototypes were tested on usability and appreciation during pilot tests (N=47) and subsequently fine-tuned based on the results. Results The literature searches and interviews provided important recommendations on the preferences of the target population, which enabled us to develop prototypes. The subsequent pilot tests showed that the mobile elements scored moderate to good on usability, with average System Usability Scale (SUS) scores of 52.2-82.2, and moderate to good on enjoyment and satisfaction, with average scores ranging from 5.1 to 8.1 on a scale of 1-10. The activity tracker received the best scores, followed by EMI, followed by the chatbot. Based on the findings, the activity tracker interventions were fine-tuned and technical difficulties regarding EMI and the chatbot were solved, which is expected to further improve usability and appreciation. Conclusions During this study, 6 prototypes of online PA interventions with added mobile elements were developed and tested for usability and appreciation. Although all prototypes scored moderate to high on usability, enjoyment, and satisfaction, it can be concluded that the integration of an activity tracker with a computer-based PA intervention is the most promising option among the 3 mobile elements tested during this study. The prototype development steps of the systematic design protocol followed can be considered useful and successful for the purposes of this study. The interventions can now be evaluated on a larger scale through a randomized controlled trial. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/31677
Sammenhengen mellom atferdsmønstre, responskontingent forsterkning og depressive symptomer hos studenter under Covid-19-pandemien

Covid-19-pandemien og tiltak for å begrense smitte har medført bekymring for økning av depressive symptomer. Nyere studier har funnet at depressive symptomer har økt under Covid-19-pandemien og det er viktig å finne forklaringer på denne økningen. Atferdsorienterte tilnærminger forklarer depresjon som et resultat av negativ forsterkning med påfølgende tap av responskontingent positiv forsterkning. I denne studien undersøkte vi om aktivitetsnivået fra en uke i mars 2021 er assosiert med begrenset tilgang på responskontingent positiv forsterkning og depressive symptomer. Studiens utvalg besto av 133 studenter bosatt i ulike deler av Norge. Resultatene viser at sammenhengen mellom aktivitetsnivå under pandemien og muligheten til å oppnå forsterkning målt med Reward Probability Index (RPI) er signifikant (p =.016). Endringer i atferdsmønstre kan bidra til å påvirke utviklingen av depresjon gjennom at tilgang på positiv forsterkning begrenses. Denne studien viser at det kan være viktig å opprette et høyt aktivitetsnivå som positivt forsterkende for å unngå utvikling av depresjon under pandemirelatert nedstenging.
Impact of Meloxicam Administration in Cows Prior to Caesarean Section on the Efficacy of Passive Immunity Transfer in Calves

Simple Summary The improvement of the welfare of cattle is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess the putative benefit of adding pre-emptive analgesia (namely meloxicam) to basic anesthesia during caesarean section (c-section) in beef cows to the efficacy of colostrum intake by the newborn under the assumption that this latter intake could be improved if the dam is not pained. The results demonstrate for the first time the benefit of meloxicam priori to c-section to improve the efficacy of immune passive transfer (an increase of about 3 g/L of IgG in the blood sera of calf coming from dam receiving meloxicam). This is an additional argument to convince farmers and veterinarians to use NSAIDs. Abstract The objective of this study was to assess in the Charolais cow–calf system, the benefit of meloxicam administered to cows prior to c-section to the efficacy of passive immune transfer to the newborn under the assumption that providing analgesia to the dam could lead to an earlier or longer colostrum intake. This study was performed in Burgundy, France in two veterinary private practices. Colostrum quality, delay between the end of the c-section and the first spontaneous colostrum suckling, and the 24 h after birth calf serum IgG content from cows treated 15 min prior to c-section with meloxicam subcutaneously (0.5 mg/kg) (n = 22) or without analgesia (n = 26) were compared. No significant differences were observed in the quality of the colostrum nor the delay between the end of the surgery and the first spontaneous colostrum suckling between treatment groups. However, the number of calves showing a better transfer of passive immunity (IgG content >15 g/L) was significantly higher (p = 0.023) among those originating from dams receiving meloxicam prior to c-section. This effect was notably observed in multiparous cows (p = 0.041). This study confirms that pre-emptive analgesia in cows prior to c-section benefits the calf through an improved colostrum intake that is of paramount importance for calf short- and long-term survival.
The Relation between Prehospital Usage of Aspirin to D-Dimer and Radiological Changes in COVD-19 Patients in Wasit Province

Background: Coronaviruses are known to cause various diseases. One of them is SARS-CoV-2 which was first reported in 2019. The main risk factor for severe disease is the disorder of coagulation, which can usually happen during the course of the illness. Patients and Method: Adult COVID-19 patients admitted to Al-Zahra teaching hospital in Wasit province between February and July 2020 were studied in different sections of the hospital in cross-sectional, observational cohort research. In the current study. 79 patients were involved, 36 patients previously used aspirin and 43 patients did not. Results: There was a significant relationship between usage of aspirin and the CT scan changes in the lung (P = .005) in aspirin-taken group, while no significant correlation with the D-dimer level (P = >.05) Conclusions: In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, using aspirin before infection may reduce severe outcomes. So a larger randomized controlled research is needed to establish if there is a link between past aspirin use and decreased lung damage and death in COVID-19 individuals.
Controlled feasibility trial comparing the use of 1470nm and 940nm diode laser for the treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates

Introduction: So far various laser systems have been used for volume reduction of hyperplastic nasal turbinates. In case of endonasal application, fiber controlled diode lasers are preferred due to reasons of cost and practicability. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the coagulative tissue effects using either λ=1470nm vs. λ=940nm emitting lasers in treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates in an intraindividual manner. Patients and methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical feasibility trial included 20 patients suffering from hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates. In each case, one nasal cavity was treated using 1470nm laser at 4- 5W, the other one with 940nm laser at 12W. Treatment was performed endoscopically controlled in non-contact mode. Clinical presentation and patients symptoms were documented preoperatively and on day 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 postoperatively using rhinomanometry, standardized questionnaires including SNOT 20 GAV (German adapted version), and separate endoscopic examination respectively. Results: None of the patients showed infections, hemorrhages or other complications occurred intra- or postoperatively. The mean operation time was significantly shorter using the 1470nm diode laser as compared to the 940nm laser, thus lower energy was applied. There was a significant reduction of nasal obstruction on day 21 postoperatively compared to the preoperative condition on both sides regardless of the laser system used. Evaluation of the SNOT-Scores as assessed before and three weeks after surgery showed significant subjective improvements. Conclusion: Compared with standard application of 940nm diode laser, 1470nm diode laser application provides an equivalent tissue reduction in shorter operation time using less total energy and a comparable relief of nasal obstruction postoperatively.
Degradation of STK16 via KCTD17 with Ubiquitin–Proteasome System in Relation to Sleep–Wake Cycle

Serine/threonine-protein kinase 16 (STK16) is a novel member of the Numb-associated family of protein kinases with an atypical kinase domain. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of STK16 in sleep–wake mechanisms. We confirmed the expression of Stk16 in the murine hypothalamus, the sleep–wake center, and found considerable changes in STK16 protein levels in the anterior hypothalamus during the light–dark cycle. We found that the coexistence of the potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 17 (KCTD17), an STK16 interactor, caused STK16 degradation. In contrast, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibited the degradation of STK16. In addition, polyubiquitinated STK16 was observed, suggesting that KCTD17 acts as an adapter for E3 ligase to recognize STK16 as a substrate, leading to STK16 degradation via the ubiquitin–proteasome system. The vast changes in STK16 in the anterior hypothalamus, a mammalian sleep center, as well as the reported sleep abnormalities in the ubiquitin B knockout mice and the Drosophila with the inhibition of the KCTD17 homolog or its E3 ligase cullin-3, suggest that STK16 plays a major role in sleep–wake regulation.
Design Insights Into Switching Performance of Germanium Source L-Shaped Gate Dopingless TFET Based on Cladding Layer Concept

In this article, a germanium source dopingless tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is presented, in which the cladding layer concept is employed to induce a hole layer in the intrinsic germanium source, instead of employing an inductive metal. Utilizing semiconductor–semiconductor junction eliminates the possibility of silicide formation in the source region, and gives us the freedom to modulate the energy bands at the source-channel tunneling junction similar to the conventional dopingless TFETs. The materials and the fabrication steps of our proposed device are CMOS compatible. The DC performance of our proposed device in the presence of quantum confinement effects is completely investigated using a calibrated TCAD simulator. Furthermore, device reliability in the presence of non-idealities such as trap assisted tunneling and ambipolar conduction is evaluated. The considerable achievements such as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {on}} = {7.57} \mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, SS<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{\text {avg}} = {18.65}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mV/dec, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {on}}/{I}_{\text {AMB}} = {8.82} \times 10^{{9}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is close to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{\text {on}}/{I}_{\text {off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio, show that our device is a notable candidate for digital applications.