Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Foodscapes in urban spaces of Africa: implications for food and nutrition security among the urban poor

Food security has been a global development agenda for several decades, and rightly so: nearly 945 million people were food insecure in 2005 and a decade later, this number declined to 784 million in 2014, only to rise to 821 million three years later in 2017. These global figures, however, mask variations in the extent of progress in different regions of the world. Progress towards achieving food security has been much slower in sub-Saharan Africa, and the region continues to be the worst hit by food insecurity. Furthermore, it is increasingly being recognised that food insecurity is prevalent in urban, and not just rural areas, and that the urban poor rather than the rural poor are particularly vulnerable, and at increased risk of being food insecure. Additionally, nutrition insecurity, a closely related component of food insecurity, is common among the urban poor and contributes to malnutrition. While several factors have been explored in trying to address the issue of food security, the potential role of foodscapes in urban spaces of Africa has been less researched. Recent evidence, however, indicates that foodscapes in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa potentially contribute to food and nutrition insecurity, particularly among the urban poor. Addressing food and nutrition insecurity in sub-Saharan Africa will thus first require reframing the discourse about these issues from solely a rural to also an urban problem, and secondly improving access, especially availability of healthy and nutritious options that are also economically accessible, for vulnerable and at-risk groups; in particularly, the urban poor.
RESEARCH CHALLENGES OF SECURITY EXPOSURES IN WSN

: Security in Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are currently having major area due to their unlimited potential. However, it is still very early in the lifetime of such systems and many research challenges exist. In this brief article, I concentrate on six key research challenges for security in wireless sensor networks. I conclude with a brief mention of a number of other research challenges that must be met before WSN become pervasive
A global perspective of antibiotic-resistant Listeria monocytogenes prevalence in assorted ready to eat foods: A systematic review

Abstract Background and Aim: Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods remains consistently under-reported globally. Nevertheless, several independent studies conducted to investigate have elucidated the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes in RTE-associated foods and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Given the rapid increase in consumption of RTE foods of both animal and plant origin, it is imperative to know the prevalence deductive data focusing on how much of L. monocytogenes is present in RTE foods, which is critical for food safety managers and retailers to assess the possible risk posed to end-users. In addition, valuable insight and another angle to the depth of the problem, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize available data regarding the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles. Materials and Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis study of L. monocytogenes and antibiotic resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics to determine the extent of L. monocytogenes contamination in RTE foods and antibiotic resistance profiles. The primary search terms, also known as keywords used, were restricted to peer-reviewed and review articles, and databases, including Google Scholars, Science-Direct, and Scopus, were searched. The inclusion of articles meeting eligibility criteria published between 2010 and 2020 after title, abstract, and full article screening. Data analysis was performed at multiple stages using quantitative meta-analysis reviews. Results: L. monocytogenes pooled proportion/prevalence was highest in chicken products determined at (22%) followed by various but uncategorized RTE foods at 21%. Regarding antibiotic resistance, profiling’s highest pooled prevalence resistance was observed in penicillin at 80% resistance, followed by cephalosporin at 47%. Conclusion: Within its limitations, this study has attempted to provide insight into the pooled proportion/prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile at the global level. Determining the proportion/prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods across the globe and antibiotic resistance profile is essential for providing quality food and reducing public health problems due to unsuccessful treatment of foodborne illness. This study provides insight into the pooled prevalence of L. monocytogenes in RTE foods and the antibiotic resistance profile. The results of this study partly endeavored to help appropriate authorities strengthen their preventive measures on specific RTE foods that are most likely to be contaminated with L. monocytogenes and antibiotic resistance profiles.
MOODY’S ANALYTICS AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE FINANCIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE-RELATED HAZARD EVENTS 1 An Empirical Assessment of the Financial Impacts of Climate-related Hazard Events

This empirical study quantifies corporate valuation and credit impacts of climate-related hazard events, particularly cyclones, storms, and droughts. We find statistically and economically significant negative impacts of hazard events on the subsequent valuation of affected firms, which increase with firms’ facility exposure to impacted geographical areas. The effect on firm valuation, measured by asset or equity returns, can be as large as 2.9% over the first ten weeks post-event. Our analysis relies on historical event data and facility exposures from Moody’s climate risk assessment affiliate Four Twenty Seven and external sources, as well as on Moody’s Analytics corporate valuation data and EDFTM (Expected Default Frequency) credit measures. Relative to the existing literature, our study has a broader firm and hazard type coverage expanding to non-U.S. firms and events. Applications of this unique, empirical study can be very broad. Our focus is twofold: first, to translate the impact of climate-related hazard events into firms’ credit quality; and second, to quantify common exposures to future climate-related hazard events across corporate entities. The ultimate goal of these applications is to measure credit portfolio concentration risks, namely, the range of correlated credit and ESG risks including climate risks. These new concentration risk measures can then be tied to credit portfolio management, e.g., quantifying climate hazards in credit loss forecasts, risk-based limits, value at risk, and/or capital frameworks. WHITEPAPER DECEMBER 2020 Authors Olcay Ozkanoglu – Director, Research Kristoffer Milonas – Assoc. Director, Research Shanke Zhao – Assist. Director, Research Dmitry Brizhatyuk – Assist. Director, Research Moody's Analytics Quantitative Research Acknowledgements We would like to thank Nik Steinberg and John Naviaux for providing data on historical hazard realizations and facility locations; James Edwards and Abhishek Mukherjee for information on event ranking criteria and EDF metrics for the purpose of estimating credit quality impact of climate-related hazard events that leverage our empirical results. We also thank Jing Zhang and Amnon Levy for their valuable insights and Chris Crossen and Tamara Straus for their contributions. Contact Us Americas +1.212. 553.1658 clientservices@moodys.com Europe +44.20. 7772.5454 clientservices.emea@moodys.com Asia (Excluding Japan) +85 2 2916 1121 clientservices.asia@moodys.com Japan +81 3 5408 4100 clientservices.japan@moodys.com
Management of Drug–Drug Interactions among Critically Ill Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Impact of Clinical Pharmacist's Interventions

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) can create a burden on prescribers to preserve patient safety. This study aimed to identify common DDIs in critically ill patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate clinical pharmacist's interventions in managing DDIs among these patients. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from October 2018 to March 2019. The clinical pharmacist performed a medication chart review; DDIs were identified by using Lexicomp® drug interaction. Based on the occurrence of DDIs, patients were divided into group A: patients with DDI (n = 76) and group B: patients without DDI (n = 15). Clinical pharmacist's interventions were classified according to Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe. The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention was used to categorize the severity outcomes of DDIs and the degree of patient harm. Results A total of 273 DDIs were identified. The majority of DDIs (63.7%) required close monitoring of the therapeutic outcome to ensure maintaining patient safety. DDIs that needed to be managed by considering therapy modification and avoiding drug combination were accounted for 17.2 and 12.8% of the most common detected interactions, respectively. Seventy-eight percent of DDIs induced no harm to patient. Clinical pharmacist provided different types of recommendations to manage detected interactions, which ranged from therapy outcome monitoring to stop DDIs. A great proportion of pharmacist's interventions (92%) were accepted by prescribers. Compared to patients with stage 3 and 4 CKD, patients with stage 5 had a significantly higher number of DDIs (stage 3 vs 5: p = 0.0019, stage 4 vs 5: p = 0.0456). The number of comorbidities (p = 0.0003) and (p <0.0001) medications were found to be significantly greater in group A. Conclusion Clinical pharmacist performed important interventions in timely identifying, managing DDIs, and prevention of associated patient harms. How to cite this article Aghili M, Kasturirangan MN. Management of Drug–Drug Interactions among Critically Ill Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Impact of Clinical Pharmacist's Interventions. Indian J Crit Care Med 2021;25(11):1226–1231.
West Bengal & Education Systems: The Need and Initiatives of Cloud Based Education Systems

: If the history of development of Indian education structure is studied minutely then it is found that education in West Bengal has played a vital role there. Educational environment of West Bengal was very rich from past days. Ram Mohan Roy, David Hare, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Shashi Bhusan Chatterjee, William Carey and many others educationist and social reformers the pillars of bring new age of revolution called renaissance in the Indian History. According to current census report West Bengal has got a literacy rate of 77.9%. Now-a-days technology plays a pivotal role in education system. Through different learning management system student gets immense opportunities to access vast field of resources of their need. In the field of education, cloud computing has its use in the field of education for a number of reasons. This computing technology will enable a numerous educational institution to use of the global internet resources for data management issues like data analysis and data storage. Through this paper the need for cloud computing in the field of education in West Bengal perspective has been pointed out in a very simple way.
The Process Variation Control in Punching Process by using DMAIC approach for Achieving Six Sigma Level

An industrial problem was taken under the present work to show the process variation control by implementing six sigma in punching process. The lot of stainless steel punched washer was rejected by customer who was maintaining six sigma quality level in their manufacturing. Although all the part in the lot were within the given tolerance limits but on the variation of dimensions within the tolerance zone was too high and it was not confirming to Six-Sigma distribution. The work reported in the paper present the method to find the factors that are influencing the manufacturing process variation of steel washer. There were five different thickness stainless steel washers taken under consideration for controlling process variation. Sixsigma DMAIC technique was used to identify the factors influencing the process variation, and to control the same. Outside diameter of the punch (O.D) and the sheet thickness, were found to be the two main parameters influencing the process variation; a relationship between them has been established to control the variation and location of the mean. The capability index (Cpk) and capability ratio (Cp) of the process was in between 1.13 to 1.21 and 1.20 to 1.44 respectively after implementation of the result of this work the Cp=2.19 and Cpk =1.91 was achieved.
Gender Role Orientation and Decision of Women Managers in Industries of Chennai

The main reason for gender inequality in leadership positions in India is the lack of identity and recognition of women leaders and their leadership behaviour. Many view managerial and decision making skills as more characteristics of men than women. There is a need to check whether gender-role orientation as a better predicator variable or not for decision making style of women in management. The main objective of this study is to explore the decision making style and gender role orientation of women managers . The study also investigates the association of decision making style between the gender roles. Descriptive research design was used to describe the gender orientation and decision making style of women managers. For determining the decision making style, Rowe and Mason’s Decision Style Inventory (1987) has used. For gender orientation Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) has instrumented . The quantitative study has conducted among 241 women managers of different industrial sectors in Chennai which was selected by using systematic random sampling. The data was analysed by using univariate and bi-variate analysis and statistical techniques like ANOVA. It is found that women managers were using mixed decision making style i.e.: Directive, Analytical, Conceptual and Behavioural. Among that directive decision making style is predominantly exhibited by the women managers Majority of the women managers were Androgynous and there is no significant difference between gender orientation and decision making style.
Biomimetic Octacalcium Phosphate Bone Has Superior Bone Regeneration Ability Than Xenogeneic or Synthetic Bone

Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a precursor of biological apatite crystals that has attracted attention as a possible bone substitute. On the other hand, few studies have examined this material at the experimental level due to the limitations of OCP mass production. Recently, mass production technology of OCP was developed, and the launch of OCP bone substitutes is occurring. In this study, the bone regeneration capacity of OCP products was compared with two of the most clinically used materials: heat-treated bovine bone (BHA) and sintered biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). Twelve rabbits were used, and defects in each tibia were filled with OCP, BHA, BCP, and left unfilled as control (CON). The tibias were harvested at 4 and 12 weeks, and 15 μm slides were prepared using the diamond grinding method after being embedded in resin. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the bone regeneration ability and mechanism. The OCP showed significantly higher resorption and new bone formation in both periods analysed (p<0.05). Overall, OCP bone substitutes can enhance bone regeneration significantly by activating osteoblasts and a rapid phase transition of OCP crystals to biological apatite crystals (mineralisation), as well as providing additional space for new bone formation by rapid resorption.
IMPLEMENTATION OF RSA ALGORITHM USING CHINESE REMAINDER THEOREM

With the approaching of distributed computing, data proprietors ar impressed to measure their Byzantine data the board frameworks from neighborhood locales to the business public cloud for unimaginable ability and money assets. Yet, for securing data protection, delicate data should be encoded before reevaluating, that obsoletes typical data use addicted to plaintext slogan search. during this approach, empowering a disorganized cloud data search administration is of central significance. pondering the large range of knowledge purchasers and archives within the cloud, it's vital to allow completely different catchphrases within the inquiry solicitation and come records within the request for his or her applicability to those watchwords. connected works on accessible encoding focus on single watchword search or mathematician slogan search, and rarely kind the indexed lists. during this paper, apparently, we have a tendency to characterize and tackle the tough issue of protection saving Chinese Reminder Theorem Keyword Encrytion in distributed computing (CRSE). We build up a bunch of exacting protection stipulations for a very secure cloud data usage framework. Among completely different multi-watchword linguistics, we have a tendency to choose the expert likeness proportion of "arrange coordinating ," i.e., but several matches as might be allowed, to catch the importance of knowledge records to the hunt question. we have a tendency to additional use "inward item likeness" to quantitatively assess such alikeness live. we have a tendency to ab initio propose a basic thought for the CRSE addicted
SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPLANTED RICE BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN INDIA: A REVIEW

Among all the rice production systems in India the major constraint is the weed competition. With their added costs of weed control, they account for yield losses equating to about more than half of total rice imports. In case of upland rice, the prevailing weed species are Cogon grass, Nut grass, Devil weed, Desert poinsettia and Striga the parasitic weed species. while the perennial weeds species include Nut grass, Red rice being annuals, Goose weed, Rice sedge, Barnyard millet, Grass like fimbry and African wild rice may cause serious losses in rice. Conventional practices followed in Indian weed management practices in rice based cropping systems are trash burning, hand hoeing, tilling of soil, weeding, applying herbicides, flooding with water, fallowing and crop rotation practices either used in particular or in combinations to control weeds. Indian farmers face a lot of problems due to shortage of labour, lack of awareness about weed management practices and lack of sufficient inputs and funds. Integrated and ecologically balanced approaches are suggested to minimise the cost of socioeconomic and environmental factors to get benefits. Emphasis should be on local practices that are affordable and are easily adaptable by the farmers. One needs to focus on the biology of weeds, their ecology and analyse the results of various weed management approaches with respect to environmental influence on weeds. To bring in the issue of the diversity of rice-based cropping systems in www.ijcrt. org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 5 May 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2105038 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt. org a300 India, there is a need to set priorities, information delivered considering local conditions. To achieve this there is a need for researchers and farmer participatory approaches like conservation tillage, rotation of crops, smothering crops and zero tillage.
A simple, sensitive and quantitative FACS-based test for SARS-CoV-2 serology in humans and animals

Serological tests are important for understanding the physiopathology and following the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic. Assays based on flow cytometry (FACS) of tissue culture cells expressing the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 have repeatedly proven to perform slightly better than the plate-based assays ELISA and CLIA (chemiluminescent immuno-assay), and markedly better than lateral flow immuno-assays (LFIA). Here, we describe an optimized and very simple FACS assay based on staining a mix of two Jurkat cell lines, expressing either high levels of the S protein (Jurkat-S) or the mCherry fluorescent protein (Jurkat-R, which serve as an internal negative control). We show that this Jurkat-S&R-flow test has a much broader dynamic range than a commercial ELISA test and performs at least as well in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Also, it is more sensitive and quantitative than the hemagglutination-based test HAT, which we described recently. The Jurkat-R&S-flow test requires only a few microliters of blood; thus, it can be used to quantify various Ig isotypes in capillary blood collected from a finger prick. It can be used also to evaluate serological responses in mice, cats and dogs. FACS tests offer a very attractive solution for laboratories with access to tissue culture and flow cytometry who want to monitor serological responses in humans or in animals, and how these relate to susceptibility to infection, or re-infection, by the virus, and to protection against Covid-19.
Effect of Various Physico-chemical and Hormonal (GA3) on Seed Germination of Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Kunth

Dioscorea deltoidea Wall. ex Kunth. (Dioscoreaceae) is commonly known as singli-mingli, Kins and Ganj. It grows in the North-Western Himalayas at altitudes ranging 1,000-3,500 m amsl. This medicinally important plant species is categorized as endangered. The seed viability status was almost maintained at least for 6 months. As the storage period progressed, a consistent decline in seed viability was observed. Of the various pretreatments applied, GA3 induced an early germination. Other seed effectors were also effective in promoting the seed germination. A consistent decline in seed germination was observed during the 3 years of storage period. Although there was a marked reduction in germination percentage under various physico-chemical and GA3 pretreatments, the responsiveness of seeds towards various effectors appeared to be enhanced as the storage period progressed.