Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das Management des Glaukoms bei Hund und Katze

Zusammenfassung Das Glaukom als akuten Notfall zu erkennen und umgehend eine drucksenkende Therapie einzuleiten, ist die Grundvoraussetzung für den Erhalt der Sehkraft des betroffenen Auges. Beim Vorliegen eines Sekundärglaukoms ist die Beseitigung der Ursache wesentlicher Bestandteil der Behandlung. Tiere mit einem Primärglaukom bleiben in der Regel nach einem initialen Druckanstieg lebenslang “Augenpatienten”, die einer regelmäßigen, frequenten Kontrolle bedürfen. Diese dient der individuellen Therapieanpassung. Die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten umfassen sowohl medikamentöse als auch chirurgische Maßnahmen. Ein aufgrund eines Glaukoms irreversibel erblindetes Auge (Buphthalmus) sollte chirurgisch entfernt werden.
Conditional Minimum Volume Predictive Regions for Stochastic Processes

Abstract Motivated by interval/region prediction in nonlinear time series, we propose a minimum volume (MV) predictor for a strictly stationary process. The MV predictor varies with respect to the current position in the State space and has the minimum Lebesgue measure among all regions with the nominal coverage probability. We have established consistency, convergence rates, and asymptotic normality for both coverage probability and Lebesgue measure of the estimated MV predictor under the assumption that the observations are from a strong mixing process. Applications with both real and simulated datasets illustrate the proposed methods.
Der Riesenzelltumor des Knochens

Zusammenfassung Der Riesenzelltumor ist einer der häufigeren benignen Tumoren des Skelettsystems. Der Tumor ist sehr gut definiert anhand der konventionellen Radiologie, des histologischen Bilds, und der spezifischen anatomischen Lokalisationen in der Epiphyse langer Röhrenknochen. Trotz seiner histologischen benignen Morphologie hat er ein lokal aggressives destruierendes Verhalten mit einer hohen Lokalrezidivrate nach chirurgischer Therapie. In seltenen Fällen kommt es auch zu maligner Entartungen, die bis zum Tod führen kann. Die intraläsionale oder En-bloc-Resektion des Tumors ist die Standardtherapie. Neben dem konsequenten chirurgischen Vorgehen werden seit Neuestem auch systemische und tumorspezifische lokale Verfahren überprüft, um die Rezidivrate zu verringern.
Clinical trials with new direct oral anticoagulants Additive value of indirect comparisons also named network meta-analyses

To compare the efficacy and safety of the new direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), ideally head-to-head clinical trials should be performed. Given the expense of such an undertaking, it is highly unlikely that such a comparison would be performed. Therefore, there is a need for an unbiased comparative assessment of the benefits and risks of the DOACs, based on the available trial data. Indirect or mixed treatment comparisons may be an useful tool to overcome these limitations also known as network meta-analysis (NMA). The aim of this paper is to give an overview on published NMAs for dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, each assessed against warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation, and against enoxaparin in patients undergoing total knee and total hip replacement surgery, in order to obtain insights into the comparability of the adopted methodological techniques. Schlüsselwörter Antikoagulanzien, Apixaban, Dabigatran, Rivaroxaban, Edoxaban, Vorhofflimmern, postoperative Thromboembolieprophylaxe
Current clinical evidence on endo- venous laser ablation (EVLA) from randomised trials

Background: Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is globally counted among the most frequently administered methods to treat saphenous vein incompetence. Technical development proceeded in three particular steps: EVLA #1 – Diode lasers linearly emitting wavelengths from 810 to 980 nm through optical bare fibres; EVLA #2 – Diode or Nd:YAG lasers emitting wavelengths from 1064 to 1500 nm; EVLA #3 – Modified optical fibres warranting an optimised emission geometry by centralisation of the fibre tip (Tulip-fibre, Jacket-tip) or radial emission of the laser beam. Due to the number of different EVLA techniques their value compared with standard surgery (high ligation and stripping, HLS) and other endovascular approaches has to be questioned. Methods: Selective literature analysis based on a systematic PubMed search focussed on randomised controlled trials (RCT) comparing EVLA with HLS and other thermal or nonthermal ablation techniques – radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS), endothermal steam ablation (EStA). Results: The search terms „endovenous“, „laser“, „varicose vein“ resulted in 509 publications, hereof 57 RCTs, hereof 24 randomised studies comparing EVLA with other treatment approaches: 15 studies comprise comparisons with standard surgery and further 9 studies with other endovenous techniques. 6 RCTs contain long-term followup data on EVLA #1 vs. HLS suggesting superiority of HLS in terms of same site clinical and duplex detected recurrence from the groin. 15 RCTs are reporting short-term results clearly demonstrating inferiority of EVLA #1 against EVLA #2, EVLA #3, and RFA with respect to postoperative complaints and patients’ quality of life. Conclusions: The first generation endovenous laser systems are disadvantageous or even harmful as compared with more advanced EVLA techniques and RFA in terms of patients’ complaints and side effects. Furthermore, evidence is rising that EVLA #1 is inferior to standard surgery regarding long-term treatment efficacy. Therefore, the application of EVLA #1 in the treatment of saphenous vein incompetence cannot be recommended any longer. In view of the more recently published RCTs reporting long-term superiority of standard surgery, HLS should still be implemented as control group in studies investigating endovenous treatment approaches. Schlüsselwörter Endovenöse Laserablation, Evidenz, randomisierte kontrollierte Studien
Mischdemenz : vaskuläre Demenz / Morbus Alzheimer

Zusammenfassung Unter dem Begriff »vaskuläre Demenz« verbergen sich heterogene Demenzformen mit unterschiedlichen vaskulären Pathomechanismen. Die bisherigen klinischen Kriterien müssen im Licht aktueller neuropathologischer Studien als ungenügend betrachtet werden. Vor allem die subkortikale vaskuläre Demenz lässt sich differenzialdiagnostisch nicht ohne weiteres von einer AlzheimerDemenz abgrenzen. Neurobiologische und epidemiologische Studien lassen eine Interaktion zwischen vaskulären Pathomechanismen und der AlzheimerPathologie vermuten. Nach dem 75. Lebensjahr sind Mischdemenzen mit Alzheimer und subkortikaler Pathologie möglicherweise häufiger als reine subkortikale vaskuläre Demenzen. Untersuchungen der typischen neuropsychologischen Beeinträchtigungen der jeweiligen Demenzform können zur Differenzialdiagnose herangezogen werden. Visuokonstruktive Leistungen und das passive Gedächtnis sind bei subkortikalen vaskulären Demenzen auch nach Kontrolle für den Schweregrad der Demenz weniger beeinträchtigt als bei der AlzheimerDemenz.
Connection between Yangian symmetry and the quantum inverse scattering method

The quantum nonlinear Schrodinger model with two-component fermions exhibits a Yangian symmetry when considered on an infinite interval. We construct the generators of the Yangian using Dunkl operators. We show an equivalence between the monodromy matrix constructed from the Dunkl operators and that of the quantum inverse scattering method. Under the Yangian algebra the space of states with a fixed particle number forms a tensor product representation of fundamental representations.
On the stability problem caused by finite actuator dynamics in the collocated control of large space structures

As large space structures are basically distributed systems, serious consideration must be given to the very high order, and consequently very high bandwidth, of these systems. In particular, as practical active control devices such as sensors and actuators have finite bandwidth, great care must be exercised so that control of low-frequency modes does not destabilize the intermediate and higher-order modes. In this paper, the nature of these stability problems is investigated and a technique using position feedback is considered.
Digital Devices, Distraction, and Student Performance: Does In-Class Cell Phone Use Reduce Learning?.

The recent increase in use of digital devices such as laptop computers, iPads and webenabled cell phones has generated concern about how technologies affect student performance. Combining observation, survey, and interview data, this research assesses the effects of technology use on student attitudes and learning. Data were gathered in eight introductory science courses at a major university. Results show a significant negative correlation between in-class phone use and final grades, with use of cell phones corresponding to a drop of 0.36 ± 0.08 on a 4-point scale where 4.0 = A. These findings are consistent with research (Ophir, Nass, & Wagner 2009) suggesting students cannot multitask nearly as effectively as they think they can. While 75% of students reported regular cell phone use, observation suggests undergraduates typically under-report the frequency of their in-class use of digital devices.
A TRACE White Light and RHESSI Hard X-Ray Study of Flare Energetics

In this paper we investigate the formation of the white-light (WL) continuum during solar flares and its relationship to energy deposition by electron beams inferred from hard X-ray emission. We analyze nine flares spanning GOES classifications from C4.8 to M9.1, seven of which show clear cospatial RHESSI hard X-ray and TRACE WL footpoints. We characterize the TRACE WL/UV continuum energy under two simplifying assumptions: (1) a blackbody function, or (2) a Paschen-Balmer continuum model. These set limits on the energy in the continuum, which we compare with that provided by flare electrons under the usual collisional thick-target assumptions. We find that the power required by the white-light luminosity enhancement is comparable to the electron beam power required to produce the HXR emission only if the low-energy cutoff to the spectrum is less than 25 keV. The bulk of the energy required to power the white-light flare (WLF) therefore resides at these low energies. Since such low-energy electrons cannot penetrate deep into a collisional thick target, this implies that the continuum enhancement is due to processes occurring at moderate depths in the chromosphere.
Tunable fiber Bragg grating phase shift by simple pressure packaging

Abstract. An accurate fiber Bragg grating (FBG) phase-shift tuning system is proposed and demonstrated. It depends on a localized pressure applied to a specially packaged FBG filter using an accurate micrometer single-axis stage. Continuous range of phase shift from 0 to π is achieved with linear relation to the stage position. An acceptable degree of repeatability of the process is noticed in the experiment.
Analysis of multilayer and single layer X-ray detectors for contrast-enhanced mammography using imaging task

A multilayer (single-shot) detector has previously been proposed for contrast-enhanced mammography. The multilayer detector has the benefit of avoiding motion artifacts due to simultaneous acquisition of both high and low energy images. A single layer (dual-shot) detector has the benefit of better control over the energy separation since the incident beams can be produced and filtered separately. In this paper the performance of the multilayer detector is compared to that of a single layer detector using an ideal observer detectability index which is determined from an extended cascaded systems model and a defined imaging task. The detectors are assumed to have amorphous selenium direct conversion layers, however the same theoretical techniques used here may be applied to other types of integrating detectors. The anatomical noise caused by variation of glandularity within the breast is known to dominate the noise power spectrum at low frequencies due to its inverse power law dependence and is thus taken into account in our model to provide an accurate estimate of the detectability index. The conditions leading to the optimal detectability index, such as tube voltage, filtration, and weight factor are reported for both detector designs.
Relationship between Surface Wind Fields and Three-Dimensional Structures of Tropical Cyclones Landfalling in the Main Islands of Japan

Three-dimensional structures of 70 tropical cyclones (TCs) that made landfall in the southern part of the main islands of Japan during 1979-2004 were examined by using the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) dataset. These 70 TCs had been classified into 5 clusters C1-C5 in a previous study by means of the fuzzy c-means method based on the surface wind fields. A cyclone phase space analysis using three indicators exhibited that the average TC in each cluster has a thermal structure at its particular stage of the structural change in midlatitudes. The average C1 and C5 TCs, both of which were characterized by the area of strong winds concentrated near the cyclone center, were a relatively intense TC at the early stage of the extratropical transition (ET) and a weakening TC with a thermally symmetric structure, respectively. The C2 and C3 TCs, accompanied by the area of strong winds in the right semicircle with respect to the direction of the storm motion, were a mature TC and a thermally asymmetric, weak TC at the late ET stage, respectively. The C4 TC accompanied by strong winds on both right and left sides was a large, mature TC in August or, alternatively, a TC undergoing ET with a strong warm core in the months except for August. Composite analyses indicated that the average TC structure of each cluster is related to the environment characterized by other features such as a trough in the midlatitude westerly, the subtropical high and another TC.
Gas flows through constricted shallow micro-channels

We study the viscous compressible flow through micro-channels of non-uniform cross-section. A lubrication approximation is applied to analyse the flow through shallow configurations whose gap width is small in comparison with the other characteristic dimensions. Focusing on channels with a symmetric constriction (or cavity) we obtain the solution to the problem by means of a Schwarz–Christoffel transformation. This analytic solution is verified by examining the convergence of numerical simulations with diminishing Reynolds number and gap width. Explicit closed-form expressions for the pressure-head and mass-flow-rate losses in terms of the geometrical parameters characterizing the constriction are presented and discussed in the context of experimental data existing in the literature.
Word Intelligibility and Position in Sentence

There is evidence that the manner in which context is distributed affects its constraint on verbal responses. For example, it has been demonstrated that a bilaterally distributed context is most effective in reducing the number of acceptable meanings for a given word. Another investigation has shown that nouns are most predictable at the end of a sentence and least predictable at the beginning of a sentence. In these investigations the contexts were presented visually; the present experiment was undertaken to ascertain whether similar results would be obtained with speech presented against a background of noise. Complete declarative sentences, all of the same length, were constructed in pairs; e.g., for each sentence containing the test noun in initial position, there was a semantically equivalent sentence made up of the same words but with the test noun in medial or final position. The members of a pair were presented at different experimental sessions in such a way that each experimental condition was e.
Continuous-Wave 2 W Green Light Generation in Periodically Poled Mg-Doped Stoichiometric Lithium Tantalate

A stable continuous-wave output power of 2.06 W is demonstrated at 542 nm by single-pass second-harmonic generation (SHG) with periodically poled Mg-doped stoichiometric lithium tantalate (PPMgSLT). The laser linewidth effect on SHG efficiency was investigated with a Yb-doped fiber laser.
COMPARISON OF NEAR-REAL-TIME PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES FROM SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS AND NUMERICAL MODELS

An increasing number of satellite-based rainfall products are now available in near–real time over the Internet to help meet the needs of weather forecasters and climate scientists, as well as a wide range of decision makers, including hydrologists, agriculturalists, emergency managers, and industrialists. Many of these satellite products are so newly developed that a comprehensive evaluation has not yet been undertaken. This article provides potential users of short-interval satellite rainfall estimates with information on the accuracy of such estimates. Since late 2002 the authors have been performing daily validation and intercomparisons of several operational satellite rainfall retrieval algorithms over Australia, the United States, and northwestern Europe. Short-range quantitative precipitation forecasts from four numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are also included for comparison. Synthesis of four years of daily rainfall validation results shows that the satellite-derived estimates of precip.
Dysregulated proteostasis network in neuronal diseases

Long-term maintenance of synaptic connections is important for brain function, which depends on varying proteostatic regulations to govern the functional integrity of neuronal proteomes. Proteostasis supports an interconnection of pathways that regulates the fate of proteins from synthesis to degradation. Defects in proteostatic signaling are associated with age-related functional decline and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have advanced our knowledge of how cells have evolved distinct mechanisms to safely control protein homeostasis during synthesis, folding and degradation, and in different subcellular organelles and compartments. Neurodegeneration occurs when these protein quality controls are compromised by accumulated pathogenic proteins or aging to an irreversible state. Consequently, several therapeutic strategies, such as targeting the unfolded protein response and autophagy pathways, have been developed to reduce the burden of misfolded proteins and proved useful in animal models. Here, we present a brief overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in maintaining proteostatic networks, along with some examples linking dysregulated proteostasis to neuronal diseases.
The Influence of Mobile Device Type on Camera-Based Monitoring of Neck Movements for Cervical Rehabilitation

We developed a mobile application for cervical rehabilitation that uses a non-invasive camera-based head-tracker sensor for monitoring neck movements. The intended user population should be able to use the mobile application in their own mobile device, but mobile devices have different camera sensors and screen dimensions that could affect the user performance and neck movement monitoring. In this work, we studied the influence of mobile devices type on camera-based monitoring of neck movements for rehabilitation purposes. We conducted an experiment to test whether the characteristics of a mobile device affect neck movements when using the mobile application with the head-tracker. The experiment consisted of the use of our application, containing an exergame, in three mobile devices. We used wireless inertial sensors to measure the real-time neck movements performed while using the different devices. The results showed that the effect of device type on neck movements was not statistically significant. We included the sex factor in the analysis, but there was no statistically significant interaction between sex and device variables. Our mobile application proved to be device-agnostic. This will allow intended users to use the mHealth application regardless of the type of device. Thus, future work can continue with the clinical evaluation of the developed application to analyse the hypothesis that the use of the exergame will improve therapeutic adherence in cervical rehabilitation.
Seed Germination of Three Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) Populations of Greek Origin: Temperature, Duration, and Storage Conditions Effects

Milk thistle besides being a highly competitive weed is cultivated as a medicinal plant, and the seeds of which have been clinically utilized in several disorders caused in liver. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of duration and storage conditions, population, and temperature on seed germination. The experiment was conducted in Petri dishes with three replications and three factors: (a) wild populations of milk thistle (Palaionterveno, Mesopotamia, and Spata) originating from Greece, (b) duration and storage conditions (5 months at room temperature, 17 months at room temperature, and 29 months in the freezer at −18 °C), and (c) temperature (5 °C, 10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C). All three factors significantly affected germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), radicle length (RL), and hypocotyl length (HL) and significant interactions among the treatments were noted. In specific, no seed germination was recorded at 5 °C, while the populations showed higher GP and GI at 20 °C and 25 °C after 5 months of storage. Prolonged storage negatively affected seed germination although, cold storage mitigated this effect. Moreover, higher temperatures reduced MGT and increased RL and HL with the populations reacting differently in storage and temperature regimes. The results of this study should be taken into consideration when proposing the appropriate sowing date and storage conditions of the seeds used as propagation material for crop establishment. Moreover, the effects of low temperatures such as 5 °C or 10 °C on seed germination as well as the high decline rate in germination percentage over time could be utilized in the design of integrated weed management systems thereby indicating the importance of the sowing time and the suitable crop rotation system to weed control.
INTEGRATION OF CULTURAL IDENTITY IN SOCIAL MEDIA

An actual issue for Romania is the transition towards a knowledge society, including the fundamental component of information society. A powerful form of manifestation is given by the virtual social networks (or just social networks - SNs), Internet sites that give users the ability to create their own profiles and share information/socialize based on common preferences and by the social media, Internet sites where people interact by creating and exchanging information. In direct terms, the social networks and social media amplify and simplify the relationships between people, reduce distances, eliminate frontiers and contribute to globalization, with express fears that they are an important factor for the dissipation and degradation of national identity. Cultural and linguistic diversity are central to the development of knowledge societies, pointing out that local and traditional knowledge can be invaluable for education, art, health, etc. The thesis of this work is the confirmation of the immanent and immutable character of the cultural identity in social media, regarded as one of the various manifestations of the Romanian people. The subject of study is the Romanian blogosphere, where blogs are classified on one hand in domains based on the topics they show, and on the other hand into categories related to the representation and visibility of culture and cultural identity. Blogs dedicated to social media learning are carefully evaluated. Web crawling is used to gather the data, whereas artificial intelligence and statistics are used for classification and cross-examination. The research shows interesting results, correlated with the empirical knowledge from sociological and anthropological studies.