Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear engineering handbook

Section I Introduction: Nuclear Power Reactors * Historical Development of Nuclear Power Kenneth D. Kok * Pressurized Water Reactors Richard Schreiber * Boiling Water Reactors Kevin Theriault * Heavy Water Reactors Alistar I. Miller, John Luxat, Edward G. Price, Romney B. Duffey, and Paul J. Fehrenbach * High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Thermal Reactors Chris Ellis and Arkal Shenoy * Integrated Fast Reactor: PRISM Maria Pfeffer, Scott Pfeffer, Eric Loewen, Brett Dooies, and Brian Triplett * MSR Technology Basics David LeBlanc * Small Modular Reactors Richard R. Schultz and Kenneth D. Kok * Generation IV Technologies Edwin A. Harvego and Richard R. Schultz Section II Introduction: Nuclear Fuel Cycle * Nuclear Fuel Resources Stephen W. Kidd * Uranium Enrichment Nathan (Nate) Hurt and Kenneth D. Kok * Nuclear Fuel Fabrication Mclean T. Machut * Spent Fuel Storage Kristopher W. Cummings * Nuclear Fuel Recycling Patricia Paviet and Michael F. Simpson * HWR Fuel Cycles Paul J. Fehrenbach and Alistar I. Miller * Waste Disposal: Transuranic Waste, High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel, and Low-Level Radioactive Waste Kenneth D. Kok, Joseph Heckman, and Murthy Devarakonda * Radioactive Materials Transportation Kurt Colborn * Decontamination and Decommissioning Cidney B. Voth Section III Introduction: Related Engineering and Analytical Processes * Risk Assessment and Safety Analysis for Commercial Nuclear Reactors Yehia F. Khalil * Nuclear Safety of Government-Owned, Contractor-Operated Nuclear Facilities Arlen R. Schade * Neutronics Ronald E. Pevey * Heat Transfer, Thermal Hydraulic, and Safety Analysis Shripad T. Revankar * Thermodynamics and Power Cycles Peter D. Friedman * Economics of Nuclear Power Jay F. Kunze and Edward S. Lum * Radiation Protection Mark R. Ledoux * Health Effects of Low Level Radiation Jay F. Kunze
Credibility assessments: operational issues and technology impact for law enforcement applications

Law Enforcement personnel are faced with new challenges to rapidly assess the credibility of statements made by individuals in airports, border crossings, and a variety of environments not conducive to interviews. New technologies may offer assistance to law enforcement personnel in the interview and interrogation process. Additionally, homeland defense against terrorism challenges scientists to develop new methods of assessing truthfulness and credibility in humans. Current findings of four advanced research projects looking at emerging technologies in the credibility assessment are presented for discussion. This paper will discuss research efforts on four emerging technologies now underway at DoDPI and other institutions. These include: (1) Thermal Image Analysis (TIA); (2) Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV); (3) Eye Movement based Memory Assessment (EMMA); and (4) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). A description each technique, the current state of these research efforts, and an overview of the potential for each of these emerging technologies will be provided.
Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Edge-Coupled-Line Impedance Transformers with a Prescribed Insertion Loss Design

Distributed element synthesis is used for obtaining edge-coupled-line impedance transformers. A gain factor is introduced in a characteristic transfer function representing a line and stub network. A redundant form of this network is identified with the equivalent circuit of the edge-coupled line pair. The transfer function is then used to synthesize Butterworth and Chebyshev coupled-line transformers. Design tables are presented for the symmetrical transformer. Transformation ratios different from unity are obtained only if the symmetrical structure is reflective. Asymmetrical transformers may exhibit nonunitary transformation ratios while being perfectly matched. Finally, applicability range is discussed.
Water on tap: the use of virtual reality as an educational tool

A study was conducted that explored Virtual Reality (VR) as an educational tool. High school students created water molecules in an immersive virtual environment. They were tested on their knowledge of atomic and molecular structure before and after their VR experience. These results were compared to the test results of students who experienced other educational media in learning the same topic. The other media differed from VR in terms of immersion and interactivity. Interactivity was found to be significant, while immersion was found to be insignificant. Issues of training, world design, assessment, hardware resolution, and student population were suggested as possible reasons for immersion's lack of significance in this study.
Role of 5% Imiquimod Cream in the Prevention of Recurrence of Keloids Post Shave Excision

Introduction: Keloids represent an excessive connective tissue response to injury, which may be trivial. Despite numerous small case series advocating a wide range of therapies, there is no level one evidence for any single treatment. This study was done to know the role of 5% imiquimod cream in preventing recurrence of excised keloids. Material and methods: Study was done on 30 Cases of keloids attending the Department of DVL, Osmania general hospital for a duration of 6 months from December 2017 to May 2018. Results: It was observed that after 6 months, 7 of 8 keloids on the trunk and 4 of the 6 keloids on the extremities had evidence of recurrence while of 14 auricular keloids, only 2 had evidence of recurrence and none of the keloids in the suprapubic region had evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: According to the present study the use of postoperative, topically applied imiquimod following shave excision is a more effective intervention compared to the standard, complete excision of keloids.
Low-voltage puzzle-like fractal microelectromechanial system variable capacitor suppressing pull-in

This Letter introduces an electrostatically actuated fractal MEMS variable capacitor that, by utilising the substrate, extends the tuning range (TR) beyond the theoretical limit of 1.5 as dictated by the pull-in phenomenon. The backbone concept behind the fractal varactor is to create a suspended movable plate possessing a specific fractal geometry, and to simultaneously create a bottom fixed plate complementary in shape to the top plate. Thus, when the top plate is actuated, it moves towards the bottom plate and fills the void present within the bottom plate without touching it akin to how puzzle pieces are assembled. Further, a reasonable horizontal separation is maintained between both the plates to avoid shorting. The electrostatic forces come from the capacitance formed between the top plate and bottom plate, and from the capacitance formed between the top plate and the doped substrate. The variable capacitor was fabricated in the PolyMUMPS process and provided a TR of 4.1 at 6 V, and its resonant frequency was in excess of 40 GHz.
New compact TCSPC apparatus based on sub 15 ps laserdiodes: preliminary results

The features and the behavior of a modular ultra-fast time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) system are analyzed. Using a Ti-Sapphire laser as excitation source an instrumental response function (IRF) of less than 17 ps for the total system was achieved. Despite this excellent IRF time there are at present some problems in analyzing fluorescence decay curves with such an ultra-fast IRF because of increased influence of color shift, time-spatial relationship, and electronic noise. Furthermore, we developed a new compact experimental set-up for TCSPC measurements consisting of laserdiodes including generator DL 4000 with pulse width less than 15 ps and the PC plug-in electronic card SPC 300. Thus the financial and spatial expense for TCSPC systems can be extremely reduced. Besides the traditional single channel data acquisition the new electronics allow parallel detection and acquisition of up to 128 channels simultaneously. This offers a lot of new applications for the highly sensitive TCSPC technique.
Interdisciplinary problem solving: A focus on engineering experiences

We are facing a serious skills shortage in mathematics, science and engineering - our efforts to remain globally competitive will be severely hampered if this shortage continues. Numerous recent calls for improving students' learning in these disciplines and for raising our nation's levels of innovation and creativity have been made. In response, this discussion paper argues for a future-oriented interdisciplinary approach to mathematical problem solving, one that draws upon engineering. Consideration is given to engineering as a problem solving domain, the interdisciplinary knowledge and processes that are fostered, and the role of mathematical modelling in solving engineering-based problems. An example of such a problem for the primary/middle school is analysed.
Simulating NO3-N Transport to Subsurface Drain Flows as Affected by Tillage Under Continuous Corn Using Modified RZWQM

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was previously modified to simulate subsurface drain flows and evaluate the impact of different tillage systems on subsurface drain flows (Singh and Kanwar, 1994). This article discusses further modifications made in the RZWQM to simulate nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations and NO3-N losses with subsurface drain flows. Daily NO3-N concentrations were simulated in subsurface drain flows under four different tillage systems: chisel plow (CP), moldboard plow (MB), no-tillage (NT), and ridge-tillage (RT) by using the modified RZWQM. Simulations were conducted for the growing seasons of three years (1990 to 1992). Simulated NO3-N concentrations and losses with subsurface drain flows were compared with the measured data obtained from a water quality research site at Nashua, Iowa. Predicted NO3-N concentrations generally followed the same pattern as the observed concentrations. Simulated annual average NO3-N concentrations in subsurface drain flows were within 11% (averaged over all three years) of observed annual average NO3-N concentrations in subsurface drain flows. The model correctly predicted maximum concentrations under MB treatment and minimum under NT for all three years. Simulated annual NO3-N losses were within 14% (averaged over all three years) of observed annual NO3-N losses. Various NO3-N transformation processes need to be calibrated as a function of tillage system to improve model performance.
Improved Design of Microstrip-to-Slotline Transition

A novel compact Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) microstrip-slotline transition utilizing high impedance chip resistor is proposed and analyzed. The reactance introduced by the microstrip open end and slotline short end, which is the main limitation to the bandwidth in the traditional structures, is minimized in the design. The model is analyzed with the method of equivalent circuits and simulated by the commercial software HFSS. To test the performance of this transition a back-to-back structure is fabricated. The measurement results show that the bandwidth of 45 octaves can be obtained while the insert loss is better than 0.7dB within the band.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A MODULAR WATERSHED-SCALE HYDROLOGIC MODEL USING THE OBJECT MODELING SYSTEM: RUNOFF RESPONSE EVALUATION

This study reports on the integration of the J2K model (an object-oriented, hydrological system for fully distributed simulation of the water balance in large watersheds) under the Object Modeling System (OMS) environmental modeling framework and subsequent evaluation of OMS-J2K performance in the Cedar Creek watershed (CCW) in northeastern Indiana. The CCW is one of 14 benchmark watersheds in the USDA-ARS Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) watershed assessment study. Two input parameter sets were developed for OMS-J2K evaluation: (1) a "base parameter set" with parameter values taken from previous simulation studies where J2K was applied to watersheds with characteristics similar to the CCW, and (2) an "adjusted parameter set" with modifications to input parameters related to evapotranspiration, soil water storage, and soil water lateral flow. Comparisons of daily, average monthly, and annual average simulated and observed flows for the 1997-2005 simulation period using the base parameter set resulted in Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E NS ), root mean square deviation (RMSD), and relative error (PBIAS) coefficients of 0.34 to 0.48 for E NS , 1.50 to 8.79 m 3 s -1 for RMSD, and -18.43% for PBIAS. All statistical evaluation coefficients improved for the adjusted parameter set (e.g., 0.44 to 0.59 for E NS , 0.87 to 7.73 m 3 s -1 for RMSD, and -8.59% for PBIAS). The ranges of E NS and PBIAS values for uncalibrated or manually adjusted streamflow predictions in this study (using both parameter sets) were similar to others reported in the literature for various watershed models. This study represents the first attempt to develop and apply a complex natural resource system model under the OMS. The results indicate that the OMS-J2K watershed model was able to reproduce the hydrological dynamics of the CCW and should serve as a foundation on which to build a more comprehensive model to better quantify water quantity and quality at the watershed scale. In particular, the topological routing scheme employed by OMS-J2K (thus allowing the simulation of lateral processes vital for the modeling of runoff concentration dynamics) is much more robust than the quasi-distributed routing schemes used by other watershed-scale natural resource models and represents a noteworthy advancement in hydrological modeling toward deriving suitable conservation management scenarios.
Overview of the Development of the Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Demonstration Mission 12.5-kW Hall Thruster

NASA is developing mission concepts for a solar electric propulsion technology demonstration mission. A number of mission concepts are being evaluated including ambitious missions to near Earth objects. The demonstration of a high-power solar electric propulsion capability is one of the objectives of the candidate missions under consideration. In support of NASAs exploration goals, a number of projects are developing extensible technologies to support NASAs near and long term mission needs. Specifically, the Space Technology Mission Directorate Solar Electric Propulsion Technology Demonstration Mission project is funding the development of a 12.5-kW magnetically shielded Hall thruster system to support future NASA missions. This paper presents the design attributes of the thruster that was collaboratively developed by the NASA Glenn Research Center and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The paper provides an overview of the magnetic, plasma, thermal, and structural modeling activities that were carried out in support of the thruster design. The paper also summarizes the results of the functional tests that have been carried out to date. The planned thruster performance, plasma diagnostics (internal and in the plume), thermal, wear, and mechanical tests are outlined.
Diversity in decision making for competitive advantage : conceptualising the impact diversity of ideas has on decision making efficiency

diversity consists of conceptual and cognitive diversity and represents the nontangible spectrum of issues to be addressed when planning for successful or advantageous decision making. In ensuring success in decision making, humans have to capacity to consider multiple instances or opinions of sense making regarding multiple relations between actions and situations. It is imperative to consider human interpretations of the social construct each live with as it determines and is determined by their actions. 2 Social diversity Appadurai notes that the global cultural economy we find ourselves in needs to be viewed as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order. Increased multiculturalism and diverging values in generations are only two of many factors that lead to changing socio-cultural diversity. Ethno-religious, regional, and class divides traditionally provided 310 Appadurai A. 1990. Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. Public Culture, 2(2). 6. 311 Kanji M, Doyle N. 2009. Value Diversity and Support for Political Authorities in Canada. American Review of Canadian Studies 39(3). 193. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
A study of system characteristics in a manufacturing cell

Using a comprehensive simulation model, a number of important parameters relating to manufacturing cells are investigated. These include: (i) the proposal by Burbidge that ‘period batch control’ is more appropriate for group technology cells, (ii) the effects of different numbers of tool set-up types or part families, (iii) the comparative merits of a larger 18-machine cell and 3 parallel 6-machine cells and (iv) the effects of inter-operation transit time within cells. System performance obtained showed that, with an efficient scheduling rule, the smaller batches product better facility utilization and job throughput. The results also suggest that, expect for extremely small, restrictive cells (with one or two tool setup types), the addition of further part families does not cause a serious deterioration in the productivity of the cell. The larger cells were found to be more effective than the small cells placed in parallel in all the system performance characteristics recorded.
A Circuit Model of the Memcapacitor

Since the manufacture of memcapacitor is complicated and memcapacitors are not commercially available yet, the memcapacitor models are of importance for the research on memcapacitor characteristics and its application. Based on the analysis of the mathematical model of the memcapacitor and its typical characteristics, the memcapacitor model is designed. Some simulation is done to validate the function of the proposed circuit model.
Theoretical underpinnings of predictive battlespace awareness

This paper attempts to address current issues as they pertain to planning tools used to support the allocation of resources over time in a battlespace environment. It is aimed at developing a mathematical foundation for planning tools that more accurately depict the future unfolding of a dynamic battlespace. It demonstrates that, when the planning process is formulated as an optimal control problem, the requirements for an embedded prediction system become clear and distinct.
Miniaturization methods for modular robotics: External actuation and dielectric elastomer actuation

A conventional robot with fixed form cannot change its morphology to respond to changes in its environment or suit a specific task. In contrast, a self-reconfigurable modular robot can rearrange its modules to adapt to a task or its environment. Module miniaturization would enable applications requiring fine resolution such as dexterous manipulation and accurate three-dimensional physical representation. As the module's actuators limit its minimum size, we present two novel methods for enabling module miniaturization: external actuation and dielectric elastomer actuation. With external actuation, modules reconfigure using forces provided by a controlled environment rather than internal actuators. The environment imposes deterministic forces on the modules, enabling reliable reconfiguration in known time. This thesis presents two external actuation methods: inertial forces and forces due to gravity. In the inertial case, we prove that using experimentally verified module motion primitives allows a configuration discretized into module groups to realize arbitrary configurations. In the gravity case, we demonstrate a system with 14mm length-scale units using external actuation for module motion and bonding. External actuation is suitable for arbitrary shape formation in the presence forces from a controlled environment. Achieving field modular robots comprising miniature modules requires an efficient actuation technology with scale-invariant performance. We investigate dielectric elastomer actuation as it has the potential to achieve large actuation strain and large work and torque output per mass. We present the design and empirical characterization of a dielectric elastomer actuated antagonistic bender module and demonstrate several modular robot arm configurations. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics First Advisor Mark Yim
Experimental Study on a Piezoelectric Energy Generator Excited by Rotating Magnets

To meet the demand of rotating mechanism for self-powered monitoring system, piezoelectric energy generator (PEG) excited by the magnetic coupling force between rotating magnets fixed on a rotator and those fixed on piezo-beam was presented. The influence of magnetic force (number and configuration of the magnets) and rotating speed on energy generation of the PEG was investigated experimentally. The research results show that there are several optimal rotating speeds for the PEG to achieve peak voltage at speed range of 0 to 1390r/min. Under a given number of magnets fixed on the end of the piezo-beam, the peak voltages rise with the increasing of rotating magnets number and rotating speed. At 636r/min, the achieved peek voltages from the PEG with 1/2/4 rotating magnets are 12.1/15.2/20.0V respectively. Besides, the configuration modes of rotating magnets and the fixed magnets (repulsion, attraction, or repulsion-attraction) exert great influence on the peak voltage and the relative optimal rotating speeds. Taking a PEG with 2 rotating magnets for example, the 4th peek voltages and the relative optimal rotating speeds for the PEG under exciting mode of repulsion/attraction//repulsion-attraction are 12.6/15.0/16.4 V and 552/528/492 r/min respectively.
Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective

This fully updated and expanded second edition of Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective succeeds the first as the authoritative source for information on optical networking technologies and techniques. Written by two of the field's most respected individuals, it covers componentry and transmission in detail but also emphasizes the practical networking issues that affect organizations as they evaluate, deploy, or develop optical solutions.
Equivalent-circuit models for frequency-selective surfaces at oblique angles of incidence

The equivalent-circuit-modelling technique is useful for designing printed frequency-selective surfaces. A correction term is derived which enables transmission responses to be modelled at oblique angles of incidence. Models derived for arrays of gridded-square and double-square elements are compared with experimental results for plane waves at normal incidence and at oblique angles for TE- and TM-incidence. Good agreement is obtained for angles of incidence up to 45° in the principle planes. The importance of using the immittance correction terms in the models is also discussed.
The Practical Guide to Defect Prevention

This practical, hands-on guide captures, categorizes, and builds a process of best practices to avoid creating defects during the development process rather than fixing them after extensive analysis. While there are various proprietary and competing standards for reducing software defects, these methods suffer from issues surrounding timeliness, effectiveness, or cost. What's more, many other books focus on fixing errors after they've been introduced. This guide, however, presents practical methods for reducing defect introduction through prevention and immediate detection and by moving the detection of defects closer to their introduction. Written by experts with over a century of software development experience among them, this book is not an idealized academic book. Instead, it distills many hard-won lessons into a single, workable lifecycle process that will help deliver better quality software.