Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Navigators Influence Insurance Coverage for Gender-Affirming Surgeries: A Qualitative Study

Introduction The passage of the Affordable Care Act improved access to gender-affirming care but positioned insurers as the primary gatekeepers of treatment. Insurers have developed criteria for coverage approval that result in barriers to care for some individuals. In this study, the author sought to understand the experiences of individuals seeking insurance coverage for gender-affirming top surgery. This report summarizes the role of navigators in facilitating access to coverage. Methods This study is based on semistructured, in-depth interviews with 30 transgender and gender diverse people assigned female at birth. The participants were diverse in age, race and ethnicity, geographic location, type of insurance coverage, and care setting. Thematic analysis was used to examine key influences on the coverage-seeking process. Results Participants identified navigation as a key domain. Analysis centered on 3 themes: navigators improving access to care; the contribution of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer plus (LGBTQ+) health centers in facilitating access; and the role of informal navigators in furthering the inequitable distribution of care. Participants reported that navigators improved the likelihood of insurance coverage for gender-affirming surgeries and reduced health care inequities based on sociodemographic characteristics. Conclusion Nonstandardized criteria among insurers promote inequitable access to health care because approval relies on consumer ability to navigate complex systems and adequate economic resources to fulfill criteria. Improved access to navigators would reduce barriers to gender-affirming care.
New therapies in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations

Objective Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations have a poor prognosis and few therapeutic alternatives. We conducted a review of scientific evidence about therapies in NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. Data Sources A systematic review in PubMed® database was performed up to November 19, 2022. Clinical trials (CTs) about treatments of patients diagnosed with advanced or metastatic NSCLC harbouring EGFR exon 20 insertions who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy were selected. CTs with a sample size of less than 10 patients were discarded. Efficacy results were used to determine the most interesting drugs. Subsequently, a more exhaustive analysis of the design of the CTs and safety of the most interesting schemes was conducted. Comparisons were attempted to develop. Data Summary A total of 40 records were found in the systematic search. Twelve selected CTs included the following therapies: poziotinib, osimertinib, pertuzumab–trastuzumab–docetaxel scheme, mobocertinib, amivantamab, erlotinib–onalespib regimen, luminespib, ado-trastuzumab emtansine and dacomitinib. Mobocertinib, amivantamab and poziotinib were determined as the most interesting treatments according to efficacy data. Gastrointestinal and dermatological adverse reactions were relevant in these regimens. All CTs presented a non-randomised design. No reliable comparisons could be developed. Conclusions The efficacy of mobocertinib, amivantamab and poziotinib in NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations is promising. However, therapies were assessed in single-arm CTs with low-quality evidence. Comparative studies with more extensive patient follow-up, larger sample size and better design are needed to reliably quantify the effect of these drugs.
Binaural Interaction of Clicks of Different Frequency Content

Results from previous experiments have suggested the notion that the neural information for the lateralization of brief sounds comes largely from the basal turn of the cochlea. An examination of that notion which uses stimuli at the two ears of different frequency content shows that the relation is not so simple. When stimulus clicks to the two ears are identical, then approximate simultaneity places a unitary click‐image in the center of the head; and when the stimulus click to one ear differs only moderately in frequency content from the click to the other, then a single click‐image is still heard but the stimulus click of high‐frequency content must be delivered later than the low‐frequency click in order to place the image in the center of the head. If the frequency difference is great, however, a unitary click‐image is no longer heard. Instead, the sound breaks up into two images, one of high and one of low pitch, which may be independently brought to the median plane of the head by appropriate adjus.
Ac losses in two-layer superconducting power transmission cables consisting of coated conductors with a magnetic substrate

Electromagnetic field analyses were made in cross-sections of two-layer superconducting power transmission cables consisting of coated conductors to calculate their ac losses, neglecting the spiral arrangement of the coated conductor and assuming each coated conductor was parallel to the cable axis. A substrate of each coated conductor was placed inside when assembling the coated conductors into a cable. Based on the electromagnetic field analyses, ac losses in the superconductor layer in the coated conductor as well as those in the magnetic substrate were calculated. The magnetism of the substrate increases ac losses in the outer-layer coated conductors and in the inner-layer coated conductors in different ways. In outer-layer coated conductors, the hysteretic loss in the magnetic substrate itself dominates their ac losses, because their magnetic substrates are directly exposed to the magnetic field produced by the inner-layer current. In inner-layer coated conductors, ac loss in the superconductor layer increases, because the magnetic substrate of the outer-layer coated conductor attracts magnetic flux to increase the magnetic field component normal to the superconductor layer of the inner-layer coated conductor. The influence of the space between the two layers as well as the width of the coated conductor on the ac loss characteristics is also discussed.
Informing the development of a decision aid: Expectations and wishes from service users and psychiatrists towards a decision aid for antipsychotics in the inpatient setting

Decision aids (DAs) are promising tools to foster evidence‐based shared decision‐making between practitioners and service users. Nevertheless, it is still obscure how an evidence‐based DA for people with severe mental illness, especially psychosis, should look in an inpatient treatment setting to be useful and feasible. Therefore, we conducted focus groups with psychiatrists and service users to collect and assess their expectations and wishes regarding an evidence‐based DA. From these findings, we derived immediate recommendations for the future development of DAs.
Theoretical analysis of pure effects of strain and quantum confinement on differential gain in InGaAsP/lnP strained-layer quantum-well lasers

The pure effects of both strain and quantum confinement on differential gain of InGaAsP/InP strained-layer quantum-well lasers (SL-QWL's) are studied on the basis of valence band structures calculated by k/spl middot/p theory. Using an InGaAsP quaternary compound as an active layer makes it possible to distinguish the effect of strain (both tensile and compressive) from the quantum-confinement effect when keeping the emission wavelength constant. The essential features of strain-induced changes in the valence band structures are extracted from the k/spl middot/p results by four characterization parameters: the averaged density of states (DOS), the subband energy spacings, the joint density of electron and hole states, and the squared optical matrix elements. Each of them is then directly correlated to differential gain in SL-QWL's. In tensile-strained quantum wells, all of these factors are significantly improved compared with unstrained wells, while only the averaged DOS is improved in compressive-strained wells. Due to these characteristic features, it is concluded that the intrinsic potential of tensile-strained QWL's for improving differential gain is twice as high as that of compressive-strained ones. On the basis of the essential features of the strain-induced changes in valence band structures, we also discuss basic design principles for SL QWL's with larger differential gain. >
Comprehensive analysis of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 14B, a molecule related to tumorigenesis, poor prognosis, and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Inhibitor Subunit 14B (PPP1R14B) and the occurrence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHOD PPP1R14B expression was investigated using various databases, and its molecular functions and pathways were evaluated using Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Then, the correlation between tumor mutations and PPP1R14B expression was analyzed. Furthermore, the regulation network and expression pathway axes of PPP1R14B were constructed. The correlation analysis between PPP1R14B and immune cell infiltration was performed using deconvolution algorithm analysis and the Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm. Finally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of the clinical samples were used for expression validation. RESULTS PPP1R14B showed high expression in tumor tissue. PPP1R14B was associated with T and N stages and poor prognosis and was linked to the cell cycle, DNA repair, and low immune response. High PPP1R14B expression was associated with high tumor mutation rates. The upstream and downstream genes of PPP1R14B were identified, along with the construction of a protein-protein interaction network (PPI network) and the expression pathway axes of PPP1R14B. PPP1R14B expression was associated with poor immune cell infiltration and a negative correlation between PPP1R14B and mast cell and eosinophil infiltration. CONCLUSION This study reveals high PPP1R14B expression in LUAD, its contribution to poor prognosis, molecular function, biological pathways, and impact on immune cell infiltration, and provides great insight into the role of PPP1R14B in LUAD tumorigenesis.
Imaging and Spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope

Abstract The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope scheduled for launch in 2013. JWST will find the first stars and galaxies that formed in the early universe, connecting the Big Bang to our own Milky Way galaxy. JWST will peer through dusty clouds to see stars forming planetary systems, connecting the Milky Way to our own Solar System. JWST's instruments are designed to work primarily in the infrared range of 1 - 28 μm, with some capability in the visible range. JWST will have a large segmented mirror, ~6.5 m in diameter, and will be diffraction-limited at 2 μm (< 0.1 arcsec resolution). JWST will be placed in an L2 orbit about 1.5 million km from the Earth. The instruments will provide imaging, coronography, and multi-object and integral-field spectroscopy across the 1 - 28 μm wavelength range. The breakthrough capabilities of JWST will enable new studies of massive stars from the Milky Way to the early universe.
Excess labile carbon promotes diazotroph abundance in heat-stressed octocorals

Nitrogen limitation is the foundation of stable coral-algal symbioses. Diazotrophs, prokaryotes capable of fixing N2 into ammonia, support the productivity of corals in oligotrophic waters, but could contribute to the destabilization of holobiont functioning when overstimulated. Recent studies on reef-building corals have shown that labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) enrichment or heat stress increases diazotroph abundance and activity, thereby increasing nitrogen availability and destabilizing the coral-algal symbiosis. However, the (a)biotic drivers of diazotrophs in octocorals are still poorly understood. We investigated diazotroph abundance (via relative quantification of nifH gene copy numbers) in two symbiotic octocorals, the more mixotrophic soft coral Xenia umbellata and the more autotrophic gorgonian Pinnigorgia flava, under (i) labile DOC enrichment for 21 days, followed by (ii) combined labile DOC enrichment and heat stress for 24 days. Without heat stress, relative diazotroph abundances in X. umbellata and P. flava were unaffected by DOC enrichment. During heat stress, DOC enrichment (20 and 40 mg glucose l−1) increased the relative abundances of diazotrophs by sixfold in X. umbellata and fourfold in P. flava, compared with their counterparts without excess DOC. Our data suggest that labile DOC enrichment and concomitant heat stress could disrupt the nitrogen limitation in octocorals by stimulating diazotroph proliferation. Ultimately, the disruption of nitrogen cycling may further compromise octocoral fitness by destabilizing symbiotic nutrient cycling. Therefore, improving local wastewater facilities to reduce labile DOC input into vulnerable coastal ecosystems may help octocorals cope with ocean warming.
Top predator restricts the niche breadth of prey: effects of assisted colonization of Tasmanian devils on a widespread omnivorous prey

Few landscape-scale experiments test the effects of predators on the abundance and distribution of prey across habitat gradients. We use the assisted colonization of a top predator, the Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), to test the impacts of predation on the abundance, habitat use and temporal activity of a widespread prey species, the omnivorous common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Before introduction of devils to Maria Island, Tasmania, Australia, in 2012, possums were abundant in open grasslands as well as forests. Predation by devils caused high mortality of possums in grasslands, but individuals with access to trees had a higher survival probability. Possum abundance declined across the whole island from 2012–2016, as possums disappeared almost completely from grasslands and declined in drier forests with more open understorey. Abundance remained stable in wet forests, which are not preferred habitat for possums but provide better refuge from devils. Abundance and habitat use of possums remained unchanged at a control site on the adjacent Tasmanian mainland, where the devil population was low and stable. This study demonstrates how spatial variation in predator-caused mortality can limit both abundance and habitat breadth in generalist prey species, excluding them entirely from certain habitats.
Ventrikuläre Tachykardie

Ventrikuläre Tachykardien können bei unterschiedlichen kardialen Grunderkrankungen auftreten. Hierbei reicht das Spektrum von gutartigen einzelnen Extrasystolen bis hin zu lebensbedrohlichen ventrikulären Tachykardien, die in Kammerflimmern degenerieren können. Eine adäquate Risikostratifizierung ist entscheidend, um die therapeutischen Maßnahmen festzulegen.
Designing with biobased composites: understanding digital material perception through semiotic attributes

Abstract Biobased composites, which are considered a sustainable alternative to plastics, are yet to create a significant influence on product design and manufacturing. A key reason for this is perceptual handicaps associated with biobased composites and this study was aimed at understanding the mechanisms behind biocomposite perception, in the context of digital visuals. This study of digital biocomposite visuals demonstrated that material perception is influenced by the visual characteristics of the material. Data analysis of the perceptual attributes of the materials pointed towards clear ‘clustering’ of the materials against these attributes. Analysis shows that visual features like fibres and surface appearance may impact aesthetic and functional evaluation and there is no effect on age, gender or polymer type. We also propose a reference framework to categorise biobased composites based on visual order.
Hybridization of superconducting flux qubits and diamond ensembles: a route to local gates for quantum repeaters

The development of quantum networks requires stable quantum bits with which we can process, store and transport quantum information. A significant bottleneck in their performance is the ability to perform reliable local gates. It is well known that superconducting flux qubits have excellent processing ability while electron-spin nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are a natural memory and optical interface. Hybridization of these two systems thus presents the promise of an effective and efficient way to perform local gates. Here we report on the first step towards this: quantum state transfer between these systems.
Detection of Marine Chemical Pollution Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning

The problem of oil spills is lethal to the ocean ecosystem. To solve the problem, one of the most important key steps is to detect the ocean surface and judge whether there are or not oil spills. Remote sensing provides the advantage of controlling and observing events remotely, and it can cover the areas that people cannot access, so we use it to build a database. Next, we choose to use Matlab for the pre-image processing and then use the neural network by Python to realize and there are five pre-processing methods: expanding the dynamic histogram range in the ‘Y’ channel (method 1), expanding the dynamic histogram range in three channels (method 2), contrast enhancement (method 3), expanding the dynamic histogram range and then contrast enhancement (method 4), and contrast enhancement, and then expanding the dynamic histogram range (method 5). Finally, we use a neural network to test accuracy, in comparison, method 1 is the best and we improve the accuracy from 72% to 82%.
The dispersion of a buoyant solute in laminar flow in a straight horizontal pipe. Part 2. The approach to the asymptotic state

Chatwin (1970) has described the approach to normality of a cloud of solute which is injected into a pipe containing solvent in steady laminar flow. This paper is concerned with the modification of Chatwin's theory when there is a small density difference between the solvent and the dissolved solute. Asymptotic series are derived for the induced density currents and for the distribution of solute in the case when the molecular diffusivity is constant throughout the pipe's cross-section. These series lead to the asymptotic forms of the moments of the distribution, thereby describing some additional deviations from normality caused by buoyancy effects at large times. The theory predicts that the additional dispersion due to buoyancy effects is proportional to the square of the Rayleigh number and depends on the Péclet number of the flow. There is excellent agreement between the results and those previously obtained by the author (1976) from Erdogan & Chatwin's (1967) model of dispersing buoyant solutes. The results confirm that Erdogan & Chatwin's intuitive theory correctly models the significant features of the situation for large Schmidt numbers.
Anaemia Detection Using Smartphone Images

This paper proposes a new approach for the non-invasive detection of anaemia using the images of anterior conjunctival pallor captured by the Smartphone. The aim of this research work is to integrate technology with the visual detection technique used by the clinicians to estimate the anaemia detection for quick preliminary diagnosis as well as follow-ups, especially in the remote areas of India where accessibility & affordability of healthcare services is still a major concern. The objective of this research work is to introduce the automation of healthcare facilities in remote areas of India by developing an open-source website integrated with an accurate computational based algorithm. The proposed algorithm developed could achieve 81.27 % accuracy for the detection of anaemia and with further improvement can be a viable alternative to the existing methods for anaemia detection thereby creating a humanitarian impact.
Dynamic Scenes Visual SLAM Based on Improved Semantic Segmentation Method

Visual SLAM systems represented by feature point extraction have the assumption that the scene is static, aiming at the problem that dynamic objects seriously affect the accuracy of visual SLAM, this paper proposes a new semantic segmentation method combining DeepLabV3+ and ORB-SLAM2 to improve the accuracy of pose. The traditional semantic segmentation model has a large amount of computation and the computing power of mobile terminal and terminal edge devices is limited. In order to ensure excellent semantic segmentation accuracy and improve segmentation speed, this method combines CoAtten (coordinate attention) and ShuffleNetV2 network as the feature extraction backbone of DeepLabV3+, and adds Channel Shuffle to DeepLabV3+ to obtain an efficient semantic segmentation model. Semantic segmentation model removes feature points of dynamic targets, and the remaining feature points are reserved for inter-frame matching and pose estimation. The experimental results show that the mIOU (mean Intersection over Union) of the semantic segmentation model tested on the data set Pascal VOC 2012 is 70.33%, and the FLOPs (FLoating point OPerations) of the model is only 22.5% of deeplabv3 + (Resnet50); When combining the segmentation model with ORB-SLAM2 in dynamic scene data of TUM RGB-D dataset, the error of pose estimation is significantly lower than that of traditional ORB-SLAM2.
Thickness dependence of the effective dielectric constant in a thin film capacitor

The static value of the effective dielectric constant in a thin film capacitor is simulated by means of the local field theory. The value of it shows a sharp decrease as the film thickness is decreased in an ultrathin film geometry. This phenomenon is due to the size effect intrinsic to a thin film structure and has nothing to do with the material aspect. The decrease is more remarkable for larger values of the bulk dielectric constant. It is recovered by inserting interface layers with larger atomic polarizability between the film and the capacitor electrode.
HSILDNet: A Novel Deep Learning-based Method for Cervical Lesions Detection

Colposcopy is a cervical cancer screening method recommended by the World Health Organization. The main task of colposcopy is to detect high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and early cervical cancer (collectively referred to as HSIL+). However, the boundaries of these lesions are blurry, and the size of the lesions varies greatly, which poses a huge challenge to computer aided diagnosis (CAD). In this paper, a novel deep learning-based method for HSIL+ detection is proposed, referred to as HSIL+ detection network (HSILDNet), which uses bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) and cascade head to achieve accurate detection of multi-scale lesions. Our method is tested on real clinical colposcopic pictures, the average precision (threshold is 0.5) is 0.457, the accuracy is 78.1%, and the recall is 81.9 %, which are all higher than existing detection methods. Our method can be used as an auxiliary tool for the automatic detection of HSIL+ lesions in colposcopic images.