Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Underwater guidance of distributed autonomous underwater vehicles using one leader

Consider the case where autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are deployed to monitor a 3D underwater environment. This paper tackles the problem of guiding all AUVs to the destination while not colliding with a priori unknown 3D obstacles. Suppose that among all AUVs, only the leader AUV has an ability of locating itself, while accessing a destination location. A follower, an AUV that is not a leader, has no sensors for locating itself. Every follower can only measure the relative position of its neighbor AUVs utilizing its sonar sensors. Our paper addresses distributed controls, so that multiple followers track the leader while preserving communication connectivity. We design controls, so that all AUVs reach the destination safely, while maintaining connectivity in cluttered 3D environments. To the best of our knowledge, our article is novel in developing 3D underwater guidance controls, so that all AUVs equipped with sonar sensors are guided to reach a destination in a priori unknown cluttered environments. MATLAB simulations are used to validate the proposed guidance scheme in underwater environments with many obstacles.
Public Debt, Fiscal Space, and Industrial Sector Performance in Nigeria

There has been a surge in the public debt profile of Nigeria in recent years. This paper examines the usefulness of deficit financing plans based on public debt in driving industrial sector output performance in an economy with sufficient borrowing space. The paper utilizes the ARDL cointegration technique to investigate both the short-run dynamics of the hypothesized relationship as well as the long-run dimension of the relationship among public debt, fiscal space, and industrial sector performance in Nigeria. Two variables, total debt stock and the debt service over exports ratio, proved statistically significant in the long run in explaining industrial output performance in Nigeria. Two variables, fiscal balance and the debt service over exports ratio were statistically significant and satisfactorily explain industrial output performance in Nigeria over the short-run period. These findings, in effect, confirm the applicability of the Keynesian general theory, which assigns a positive connotation to public indebtedness, whether in the attempt to design demand-side fiscal policy or to stimulate an economy in recession onto the path of balanced economic growth. One piece of emerging evidence from this study on Nigeria is that an increase in the debt service over exports ratio, which is a key measure of debt-related risks, does not provide evidence of any long-run damage to industrial output performance.
Bonnes démonstrations en déduction modulo

Cette these etudie comment l'integration du calcul dans les demonstrations peut les simplifier. Nous nous interessons pour cela a la deduction modulo et a la surdeduction, deux formalismes proches dans lesquels le calcul est incorpore dans les demonstrations via un systeme de reecriture. Pour ameliorer la recherche mecanisee de demonstration, nous considerons trois criteres de simplicite. L'admissibilite des coupures permet de restreindre l'espace de recherche des demonstrations, mais elle n'est pas toujours assuree en deduction modulo. Nous definissons une procedure qui complete le systeme de reecriture pour, au final, admettre les coupures. Au passage, nous montrons comment transformer toute theorie pour l'integrer a la partie calculatoire des demonstrations. Nous montrons ensuite comment la deduction modulo permet de reduire arbitrairement la taille des demonstrations, en transferant des etapes de deduction dans le calcul. En particulier, nous appliquons ceci a l'arithmetique d'ordre superieur pour demontrer que les reductions de taille qui sont possibles en augmentant l'ordre dans lequel on se place disparaissent si on travaille en deduction modulo. Suite a ce dernier resultat, nous avons recherches quels sont les systemes d'ordre superieur pouvant etre simules au premier ordre, en deduction modulo. Nous nous sommes interesses aux systemes de type purs et nous montrons comment ils peuvent etre encodes en surdeduction, ce qui offre de nouvelles perspectives concernant leur normalisation et la recherche de demonstration dans ceux-ci. Nous developpons egalement une methodologie qui permet d'utiliser la surdeduction pour specifier des systemes de deduction.
Band Spectral Regression with Trending Data

Band spectral regression with both deterministic and stochastic trends is considered. It is shown that trend removal by regression in the time domain prior to band spectral regression can lead to biased and inconsistent estimates in models with frequency dependent coefficients. Both semiparametric and nonparametric regression formulations are considered, the latter including general systems of two-sided distributed lags such as those arising in lead and lag regressions. The bias problem arises through omitted variables and is avoided by careful specification of the regression equation. Trend removal in the frequency domain is shown to be a convenient option in practice. An asymptotic theory is developed and the two cases of stationary data and cointegrated nonstationary data are compared. In the latter case, a levels and differences regression formulation is shown to be useful in estimating the frequency response function at nonzero as well as zero frequencies.
Innovation of Family-Owned Enterprises and Government Subsidies: From A Policy-Oriented Perspective

This paper investigates the influence effects of government subsidies on the innovation of family-owned enterprises in China through a panel data model and Heckman two-stage model, and explores the possible influence mechanisms of government subsidies on different innovation behaviors of family-owned enterprises through a mediation analysis method. It is found that government subsidies play a significant role in promoting innovation input, innovation quantity and innovation quality of family-owned enterprises. From the perspective of innovation quality, government subsidies are more beneficial to family-owned enterprises without “two jobs in one” or “2nd generation succession”. Compared with family-owned enterprises that have completed intergenerational inheritance, government subsidies are more conducive to enhancing the innovation quantity of family-owned enterprises that have not achieved “2nd generation succession”. We find also that government subsidies can indirectly improve the innovation quality of family-owned enterprises by increasing the proportion of state-owned shares and easing the financing constraints. By organically integrating two relatively independent research fields (effectiveness of government subsidy and innovation of family businesses), this paper opens up a new way of thinking for exploring the sustainability of family businesses.
Transformer based named entity recognition for place name extraction from unstructured text

Abstract Place names embedded in online natural language text present a useful source of geographic information. Despite this, many methods for the extraction of place names from text use pre-trained models that were not explicitly designed for this task. Our paper builds five custom-built Named Entity Recognition (NER) models and evaluates them against three popular pre-built models for place name extraction. The models are evaluated using a set of manually annotated Wikipedia articles with reference to the F1 score metric. Our best performing model achieves an F1 score of 0.939 compared with 0.730 for the best performing pre-built model. Our model is then used to extract all place names from Wikipedia articles in Great Britain, demonstrating the ability to more accurately capture unknown place names from volunteered sources of online geographic information.
The Impact of Competition on Bank Orientation

How do banks react to increased competition? Recent banking theory offers conflicting predictions about the impact of competition on bank orientation - i.e., the choice of relationship based versus transactional banking.We empirically investigate the impact of interbank competition on bank branch orientation.We employ a unique data set containing detailed information on bank-firm relationships.We find that bank branches facing stiff local competition engage considerably more in relationship-based lending.Our results illustrate that competition and relationships are not necessarily inimical.
Identification of Two Eosinophil Subsets in Induced Sputum from Patients with Allergic Asthma According to CD15 and CD66b Expression

Two subsets of eosinophils have been described: resident eosinophils with homeostatic functions (rEOS) in healthy subjects and in patients with nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, and inflammatory eosinophils (iEOS) in blood and lung samples from patients with allergic asthma. We explored if it would be possible to identify different subsets of eosinophils using flow cytometry and the gating strategy applied to induced sputum. We conducted an observational cross-sectional single-center study of 62 patients with persistent allergic asthma. Inflammatory cells from induced sputum samples were counted by light microscopy and flow cytometry, and cytokine levels in the supernatant were determined. Two subsets of eosinophils were defined that we call E1 (CD66b-high and CD15-high) and E2 (CD66b-low and CD15-low). Of the 62 patients, 24 were eosinophilic, 18 mixed, 10 paucigranulocytic, and 10 neutrophilic. E1 predominated over E2 in the eosinophilic and mixed patients (20.86% vs. 6.27% and 14.42% vs. 4.31%, respectively), while E1 and E2 were similar for neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic patients. E1 correlated with IL-5, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and blood eosinophils. While eosinophil subsets have been identified for asthma in blood, we have shown that they can also be identified in induced sputum.
Expanding the scope of challenges to human-wildlife coexistence, and the implications for conservation: a case study of Laikipia, Kenya

ABSTRACT This case study sought to broaden the scope of inquiry into factors influencing human-wildlife coexistence beyond immediately tangible wildlife impacts and challenges with flagship wildlife species. Maasai pastoralists in Laikipia County, Kenya, were interviewed regarding challenges with wildlife, particularly perceptions of disease transmission from wildlife to domestic livestock. Responses revealed experiences with numerous diseases and multiple perceived associations between wildlife and livestock disease. Responses aligned with prior research that elephants severely compromise pastoralists’ well-being, but concerns were overwhelmingly articulated as fear affecting daily activities rather than in more directly quantifiable terms. Findings did not indicate concerns with lions, despite their focus in scholarship and conservation initiatives. Responses indicated the need to view human-wildlife coexistence more broadly to include species beyond iconic wildlife, and to recognize that subjective concerns (e.g., fear, disease transmission to livestock) in addition to quantifiable events (e.g., human deaths, livestock predation) might affect attitudes toward wildlife conservation.
Describing Quaternary Codes Using Binary Codes

For a quaternary code C of length n, define a pair of binary codes {C1, C2} as: -C1 = C mod 2 -C2 = h(C ∩ 2Z4 ) where h is a bijection from 2Z4 to Z2 mapping 0 to 0 and 2 to 1 and for the extension to a map acting coordinatewise. Here C1 ≤ C2. For a pair of binary codes {C1, C2} with C1 ≤ C2, let C(C1, C2) be the set of Z4-codes giving rise to this binary pair as defined above. Our main goal is to describe the set C(C1, C2) using the binary pair of codes {C1, C2}. In Chapter 1, we give some preliminaries. In Chapter 2, we start with a general description of codes {C1, C2} which give cardinality of C(C1, C2). Then we show that C(C1, C2) ' C∗ 1⊗Z2/C2. The cohomology of C(C1, C2) is given in Section (2.2). Then we end chapter 2 with a description of dual codes of C(C1, C2). Chapter 3 is about weight enumerators of codes in C(C1, C2). The average swe is given in terms of weight enumerators of C1 and C2 in Section(3.1) as swe(x, y, z) = |C2| 2n (weC1(x+ z, 2y)− (x+ z)) + weC2(x, z) Detailed computations of swe’s of codes in C(C1, C2) using codes {C1, C2} is then given. Information about different weight enumerators of codes in C(C1, C2) is given in Section (3.2). These weight enumerators are included in an affine space of polynomials. Then we end chapter 3 with a description of weight enumerators of self dual codes. Chapter 4 deals with actions of
How Surprising are Lithic Reduction Strategies? The Information Entropy of the Modes A-I Framework

ABSTRACT How surprising are the contents of lithic assemblages? If an archeologist excavated an archeological site somewhere in Eurasia and uncovered evidence of Levallois core technology, how surprising would it be? The surprise in the content of a new assemblage is a function of what is underground as well as our prior knowledge about prehistory. How improved is our understanding of the past when another site is excavated? The answer is a measure of the information contained in lithic assemblages. We present a primer on information theory, which provides tools necessary to conceptualize, measure, and analyze information. We then apply the theory by measuring the information contained in a large comparative dataset describing the presence or absence of technological modes across Late Pleistocene modern human assemblages. We find that technological modes tend to have little conditional dependency with one another, suggesting that lithic assemblages do have relatively high information content.
Shape and Topological Optimization for Electromagnetism Problems

This paper presents a topological shape optimization problem technique for electromagnetic problems using the topological sensitivity analysis and topological derivative. The objective function that represents the design objective is expressed in terms of magnetic field. The adjoint method is used to optimize the distribution of magnetics fields. Some numerical results that demonstrated the validity of the proposed approach are presented.
Exogenous Arachidonic Acid Affects Fucoxanthin Biosynthesis and Photoprotection in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Fucoxanthin is an oxygenated carotenoid component that has been reported to play important roles in anti-oxidation, anti-obesity and anti-cancer in the human body. Fucoxanthin-chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes participate in light harvesting and photoprotection in diatom. In order to better understand the change of fucoxanthin content and its role in photoprotection, the growth, fucoxanthin biosynthesis and photosynthetic phenotypes were studied in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under the treatment of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA). Our results demonstrated that even low concentration of AA at 0.1 mg/L strongly induced fucoxanthin accumulation in algal cells to a maximum of 1.1 mg/g dry weight (DW), which was 36.6% higher than that in the untreated ones. By principal component analysis (PCA), we also identified a close correlation between fucoxanthin accumulation and the expression of genes involved in fucoxanthin biosynthesis, especially phytoene synthase (PSY), suggesting that AA change the metabolism of fucoxanthin by inducing carotenoid metabolic enzymes at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, we found that the exogenous application of AA affected non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and photoinhibition, which resulted from the changed diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (DT) cycle, and thus played an important role in photoprotection.
The Reflection Grating Spectrometer on-board XMM-Newton: Status of the Calibrations

The ESA X-ray Multi Mirror mission, XMM-Newton, carries two identical Reflection Grating Spectrometers (RGS) behind two of its three nested sets of Wolter I type mirrors. The instrument allows high- resolution (E=E = 100 to 500) measurements in the soft X-ray range (6 to 38 A or 2.1 to 0.3 keV) with a maximum eective area of about 140 cm 2 at 15 A. Its design is optimized for the detection of the K-shell tran- sitions of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, neon, magnesium, and silicon, as well as the L shell transitions of iron. The present paper gives a full description of the design of the RGS and its operational modes. We also review details of the calibrations and in-orbit performance including the line spread function, the wavelength calibration, the eective area, and the instrumental background.
Nutrition and somatic traits of women with different physical activity and various menstrual status

Background. There are publications which indicate a relationship between dietary pattern and somatic traits. Others report on link between somatic traits and physical activity. However, sparse studies discuss relationship between these three factors, i.e. nutrition, somatic traits and physical activity. Objectives. This survey aimed to analyze relationships between nutrition (amount and source of energy in food) and somatic traits (body height, body mass, fat content of the body) of women with different physical activity and various menstrual status. Material and methods. Investigations covered 312 women who were assessed for: somatic traits, average daily energy consumption and percentage contribution of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in providing energy. The physical activity was assessed by computing the physical activity index (PAI) being a ratio of daily energy expenditure (DEE) to basal metabolic rate (BMR). Among the women two groups were distinguished based on centile charts of the PAI developed for a given population, i.e.: women with a low (PAI≤10 cpts) and women with a high (PAI≥90 cpts) level of physical activity. Results. The highly physically active women were characterized by a lower body fat content, lower BMI values, and higher percentage of lean body mass compared to the women with a low level of physical activity. The highly active women showed a tendency for an increased consumption of whole-meal bread, milk and dairy products, vegetables (including potatoes), fruits, and sweets as well as a tendency for a reduced consumption of meat and processed meat products, both types of butter, and lard, compared to the little active women. Conclusions. It seems that the physical activity of the women had a direct impact on their nutrition. In turn, by affecting the somatic traits (body mass and composition), their eating habits could influence their physical activity.
Dust Composition, Energetics, and Morphology of the Galactic Center

Spectra at 16-45 μm of several regions within the central 80'' of the Galaxy have been obtained at 20'' resolution using the Goddard Cryogenic Grating Spectrometer No. 2 on the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. A broad band of excess emission extending from 24 to 45 μm is present in the spectra at positions covering the “tongue” and the inner edge of the circumnuclear disk. A similar dust emission feature has been observed in some carbon-rich evolved stars and in a nitrogen-rich evolved massive star. The observations reported here are the first detection of this dust emission feature in the interstellar medium. We find that the dust properties in the “tongue” and the inner edge of the circumnuclear disk are different from the dust in the cavity, which shows no evidence for the ~30 μm feature in its spectrum. The relation between the tongue feature and the inner disk has been a subject of considerable debate, with suggestions that the tongue material is either falling in or has been expelled from the Galactic center. Our observations suggest that if there is a physical connection between the two regions, then the tongue material is more likely falling in toward the Galactic center. Two kinds of dust components and corresponding heating sources are argued to be responsible for the dust emission in the Galactic center: (1) the hot dust component (140-300 K) heated by IRS sources that are distributed throughout the cavity; and (2) the warm dust component (60-90 K) heated by a He I emission-line star cluster that give rise to a local interstellar radiation field that heats the dust in the central several parsecs. We find a lower limit of ~1 × 106 L☉ for the He I emission-line star cluster. Finally, we find that the line-of-sight extinction across the cavity is not uniform. It is diminished and roughly constant in the northeastern side of the cavity but increases to the southwestern side. Based on this result, together with the 1995 study by Zylka et al. who found that there is a cold dust component along the line of sight to the central 30'' of the Galaxy, we propose that there is a cool dust envelope with nonuniform distribution covering the cavity of the Galactic center.
Darcy-Forchheimer natural convection flow along a complex roughened surface

The influence of complex roughened surface on the Darcy-Forchheimer natural convection flow is investigated numerically. A natural convection flow within porous medium occurs in a variety of engineering applications that include solar power collectors that are used to control the pollutant spread, cooling of nuclear reactors, and geothermal engineering. Recent research has focused on reducing skin friction drag induced by viscous forces acting on a rigid body surface as it moves through a fluid by considering roughened surface or mass transfer (mass injection or suction) at the surface. The purpose of this study is to investigate how much skin friction drag reduces by considering complex roughened surface in Darcy-Forchheimer natural convection flow. A mathematical model is obtained in the form of nonlinear PDEs by transferring surface roughness effect from boundary to governing equations and made dimensionless through suitable scaling variables. To obtain a numerical solution for resulting nonlinear PDEs, a finite difference scheme is applied. The results reveal that skin friction drag reduces by making roughened surface a complex surface and further reduces by adding the combined effects of Darcy and Forchheimer numbers also total heat transfer rate enhances by increasing the values of Darcy as well as Forchheimer numbers. These results seem novel findings in this study.