Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cytokines and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a potentially devastating cerebrovascular disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate, irrespective of treatment. The disease still has a 40–50% mortality rate with a 70% rate of cerebral vasospasm in those patients. The release of cytokines has been implicated in the development and progression of SAH. In this paper, we will explore the role of cytokines in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), including their effects on the inflammatory response, cerebral vasospasm, blood-brain barrier disruption, and neuronal damage. We also identify the role of the glymphatic system in progression of aSAH. The review will also briefly touch upon current research on potential therapeutic targets aimed at modulating cytokine activity in patients with aSAH. This review aims to give an in-depth review of the cytokines involved in aSAH and serve as a catalyst to research directed towards treatment options for aSAH.
Growth Quakes and Stasis Using Iterations of Inflating Complex Random Matrices

I extend to the case of complex matrices, rather than the case of real matrices as in a prior study, a method of iterating the operation of an “inflating random matrix” onto a state vector to describe complex growing systems. I show that the process also describes in this complex case a punctuated growth with quakes and stasis. I assess that under one such inflation step, the vector will shift to a really different one (quakes) only if the inflated matrix has sufficiently dominant new eigenvectors. The vector shall prefer stasis (a similar vector) otherwise, similar to the real-valued matrices discussed in a prior study. Specifically, in order to extend the model relevance, I assess that under various update schemes of the system’s representative vector, the bimodal distribution of the changes of the dominant eigenvalue remains the core concept. Overall, I contend that the punctuations may appropriately address the issue of growth in systems combining a large weight of history and some sudden quake occurrences, such as economic systems or ecological systems, with the advantage that unpaired complex eigenvalues provide more degrees of freedom to suit real systems. Furthermore, random matrices could be the right meeting point for exerting thermodynamic analogies in a reasonably agnostic manner in such rich contexts, taking into account the profusion of items (individuals, species, goods, etc.) and their networked, tangled interactions 50+ years after their seminal use in R.M. May’s famous “interaction induced instability” paradigm. Finally, I suggest that non-ergodic tools could be further applied for tracking the specifics of large-scale evolution paths and for checking the model’s relevance to the domains mentioned above.
Evaporation from a Snow Cover: Review and Discussion of Measurements

Possible evaporation rates from a snow surface with respect to available energy and vapour pressure deficit in the air are discussed. In literature reported measurements and measurements carried out at the University of Lulea are analysed. It is found that for northern areas the total amount of evaporation during the whole snow covered season amounts only to 10–20 mm. Different formulas for estimating the evaporation from a snow surface are discussed. It is stressed that for forecasting purposes the aerodynamic formula and the profile method should be used only together with energy balance computations. The air density stratification reduces the evaporation rate considerably. A formula for the reduced evaporation rate is suggested. Finally, evaporation is analysed as a transient process, and possibilities of developing more soundly based evaporation models are discussed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DISPLACEMENT TRA SFER ZO ASSOCIATED WITH THRUST FAULTS

Displacement transfer in zones between overlapping thrust faults have been investigated through a combination of field and model studies. The results of these efforts are compared and a transfer zone classification system is proposed. A transferzone in the Sawtooth Mountains of western Montana includes two overlapping thrust faults and has a total shortening across the zone of approximately 1.3 km. The transfer occurs in Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Mesozoic clastic rocks. The transfer zone mechanism proposed by Dahlstrom (1970) which involves two overlapping thrust faults that join at depth in a common sole fault, appears to apply here. Field investigation of two small-scale thrust faults in the Sawtooth Mountains shows that the fault surfaces are step shaped in strike section and that a close correlation exists between abrupt displacement changes and the position of strike ramps in the fault plane. As a result of field observations, differential bedding plane slip is proposed as one possible mechanism for thrust displacement transfer. From model studies in two materials (water-based potter’s clay and beeswax) and a review of published work on tear faults, a three end-member classification of transfer zones is proposed. The end-members are 1) tear-faulted transfer zones, 2) distributed strain transfer zones, and 3) localized strain transfer zones. The distributed strain model involves nearly homogenous extension (approximately parallel to the fault strike direction) of the upper plate-lower plate transitional material in the transfer zone while the localized strain model involves rotation of this material as a nearly rigid body with strain concentrated at the ends of the transitional material. The area mapped in the Sawtooth Mountains most closely approximates end-member three, but does include elements of end-member two. On the basis of mechanical stratigraphy and published information, expected transfer zone types expected in other North American thrust belts are suggested.
Adolescents Hospitalized for Psychiatric Illness: Caregiver Perspectives on Challenges

Adolescents with psychiatric illness severe enough to be hospitalized experience many challenges that are also experienced by their caregivers and other family members. The purpose of this study was to explore the challenges experienced by these adolescents and their families from the perspective of the caregivers. A cross-sectional survey with open-ended questions and standardized measures was administered to caregivers while their children were in hospital. Caregivers (n = 24) reported significant challenges related to the psychological problems their adolescents were experiencing, and additional burdens that influenced the family context in which the adolescents were developing. Adolescents with psychiatric illness may be contributing to and developing in stressful family contexts. Implications include the need for interventions for caregivers alongside the psychiatric care provided for their children and specialized supports for their complex situation.
EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING THE DETECTION OF THE RISK OF FRAUD AND TAX EVASION IN THE FIELD OF WOOD INDUSTRY, IN SUCEAVA COUNTY, USING THE BENEISH MODEL

Particular attention should be paid to fraud, tax evasion and the underground economy as it affects us all, having a multinational dimension. The research is a quantitative one whose purpose and role is to conduct an empirical study on the detection of the risk of fraud and tax evasion, triggered by accounting manipulations. The main objective of the research is represented by the possibility of testing and detecting the risk of tax evasion by applying the model developed by Professor Beneish (1999) to determine the fraud regarding the financial statements. The research methodology includes conducting a study that involves taking 6 essential steps. The sample on which the study was conducted records a total number of 274 economic entities (x3 financial years) from Suceava County, whose main activity is “wood cutting and re-trimming” (NACE 1610). The main result of the analysis is represented by the fact that the total number of companies that used at least in one of the analysed years fraudulent means to increase their number of sales or to reduce their profit is 223 (representing 79.88% of the total of the analysed companies). The other 51 (i.e. 57.93% of the total analysed companies) companies registered a lower value of the M-score indicator than the reference value, thus indicating that the companies did not manipulate the results in order to "bypass" the fiscal obligations, respectively there is no suspected fraud.
Abundancia audiovisual y compra virtual Usos del comercio electrónico entre los abonados a la televisión digital 1 (Audiovisual abundance and virtual purchasing: Uses of e-commerce amongst digital television clients)

El uso del comercio electronico entre los abonados a la television digital es realmente bajo (7.7%) como consecuencia del todavia escaso porcentaje de hogares conectados a Internet y los arraigados habitos de la compra tradicional con la posibilidad de comprobar los productos in situ. Las principales razones para usar el comercio electronico son la facilidad de compra (47,4%) y la comodidad (28,9%). En relacion al equipamiento electronico del hogar y utilizando un analisis multivariante hemos encontrado algunos predictores del USO del comercio electronico. En el caso de usos y actitudes relacionados con las tecnologias, los predictores de utilizacion del comercio electronico serian por orden el USO del correo electronico durante la ultima semana, el consumo de television durante los fines de semana, el USO de Internet durante la ultima semana y, finalmente, el mayor repertorio de canales en el consumo de la television multicanal de pago.
An analysis of land cover changes in the Northern Forest of New England using multitemporal Landsat MSS data

Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data were used to characterize land cover types, land cover changes, and landscape patterns in the Northern Forest region of Vermont, New Hampshire, and western Maine, USA. Eight Landsat MSS scenes from 1973, 1978, 1984/85, and 1990/91 were used to cover the regional study area and 18-year time period. Four watershed segments within the Northern Forest area were analysed: the Lamoille River watershed (151814 ha), the Connecticut River watershed (706880 ha), the Androscoggin River watershed (655445 ha), and the Kennebec River watershed (457168 ha). Multitemporal analysis indicates that the percentage of forested land that was converted to open land in each watershed over the 18-year period is similar, and is estimated to be approximately 10% of the forested land in each watershed segment.
Cost-Effective Full-Color 3D Dental Imaging Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry

Dental imaging plays a crucial role in clinical dental practice. Conventional 2D dental imaging serves general-purpose tasks, such as patient documentation, while high-precision 3D dental scanning is tailored for specialized procedures, such as orthodontics and implant surgeries. In this study, we aimed to develop a cost-effective 3D imaging technique that could bridge the gap between conventional dental photography and high-precision 3D dental scanning, with the goal of improving patient dental care. We developed a 3D imaging technique based on close-range photogrammetry and termed it close-range photogrammetry-based dental imaging (CPDI). We evaluated this technique on both in vitro dental models and in vivo teeth. For dental models, we conducted a parametric study to examine the effects of the depth of field and specular reflection on reconstruction quality. We showed that the optimal results were achieved with an f/5.6 lens and without a circular polarizer for reflection suppression. This configuration generated 3D scans with 57.7 ± 3.2% and 82.4 ± 2.7% of reconstructed points falling within ±0.1 mm and ±0.2 mm error margins, respectively. With such accuracy, these 3D dental models can faithfully represent dental morphology and features. During in vivo imaging, we were able to reconstruct high-quality 3D models of the anterior arch, further demonstrating its clinical relevance. The reconstructed models carry both 3D shapes and detail full-color surface textures, which positions CPDI as a versatile imaging tool in different areas of clinical dental care.
Current developments in surface electromyography

Background/aim Surface electromyography (surface EMG) is a primary technique to detect the electrical activities of muscles through surface electrodes. In recent years, surface EMG applications have grown from conventional fields into new fields. However, there is a gap between the progress in the research of surface EMG and its clinical acceptance, characterized by the translational knowledge and skills in the widespread use of surface EMG among the clinician community. To reduce this gap, it is necessary to translate the updated surface EMG applications and technological advances into clinical research. Therefore, we aimed to present a perspective on recent developments in the application of surface EMG and signal processing methods. Materials and methods We conducted this scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method. We conducted a general search of PubMed and Web of Science to identify key search terms. Following the search, we uploaded selected articles into Rayyan and removed duplicates. After prescreening 133 titles and abstracts, we assessed 91 full texts according to the inclusion criteria. Results We concluded that surface EMG has made innovative technological progress and has research potential for routine clinical applications and a wide range of applications, such as neurophysiology, sports and art performances, biofeedback, physical therapy and rehabilitation, assessment of physical exercises, muscle strength, fatigue, posture and postural control, movement analysis, muscle coordination, motor synergies, modelling, and more. Novel methods have been applied for surface EMG signals in terms of time domain, frequency domain, time–frequency domain, statistical methods, and nonlinear methods. Conclusion Translating innovations in surface EMG and signal analysis methods into routine clinical applications can be a helpful tool with a growing and valuable role in muscle activation measurement in clinical practices. Thus, researchers must build many more interfaces that give opportunities for continuing education and research with more contemporary techniques and devices.
Motivational characteristics of recreational drug use among emerging adults in social settings: an integrative literature review

Introduction Recreational drug use by emerging adults has been identified as an increasingly normalized trend in social contexts. It has been documented that the consumption of these substances regularly occurs at music festivals, raves, nightlife and party settings. While it is known that emerging adults participate in these risk-taking behaviors, what is not known is their motivational characteristics for use. The aim of this review to identify and review literature describing the motivations for recreational drug use and drug choice (excluding alcohol, cannabis and tobacco) by emerging adults in social settings to inform selection of appropriately aligned harm reduction education and health messaging interventions. Methods Whittemore and Knafl’s (2005) integrative approach was used to conduct the review. This integrative review was based on a three-step search strategy identifying 2,772 articles published between 2000 and 2022. Eleven studies were included in the review. This review explores the following areas: drug use settings, concurrent drug use, consumer drug knowledge, motives of use including likes and dislikes and peer influence. Results A range of factors influence motivations of emerging adults to participate in recreational drug use. Similar to the consumption of alcohol, the use of recreational drugs by emerging adults is motivated by their perceived benefits and personal motivations to achieve euphoria, emotional intimacy, social benefits, peer influence, increased confidence and to decrease inhibitions. The review findings suggest that motivational factors that reinforce recreational drug use correlate with the desire to break away from the mundane by seeking pleasure and for the opportunity to create novel experiences. Beliefs about the positive and negative impacts of drug use, together with the desire to achieve emotional satisfaction influence drug taking activity. Conclusion Recreational drug use has become an increased societal norm amongst drug using peer groups and cannot be entirely prevented. It is to be noted that emerging adults have a basic understanding concerning recreational drugs, however, consumer drug knowledge and interventions that target illicit substances is lacking and should be addressed in future research. Festivals, raves and nightlife settings provide opportunity to implement health promotion as it reaches large number of vulnerable individuals in a short period of time.
Prediksi Fluktuasi Harga Bitcoin Dengan Menggunakan Random Forest Classifier

Bitcoin merupakan salah satu cryptocurrency paling berharga di dunia dan diperdagangkan di lebih dari 40 bursa di seluruh dunia dan menerima lebih dari 30 mata uang berbeda dengan 250.000 transaksi per hari. Dalam perdagangannya, Bitcoin menunjukkan fluktuasi pada pasar yang diperdagangkan, dalam hal ini fluktuasinya dapat mencapai 10 kali lebih tinggi daripada fluktuasi nilai tukar mata uang asing. Karena fluktuasi harga bitcoin yang masif dan tinggi, prediksi fluktuasi harga sangat dibutuhkan, terutama karena harga bitcoin bergerak dengan sangat acak. Untuk melalukan prediksi flutuktuasi harga, Random Forest classifier merupakan salah satu algoritma machine learning yang sering digunakan untuk prediksi, kesehatan, artificial intelligence, dll. K-means clustering juga dipergunakan untuk membantu algoritma random forest classifier dalam hal mengkluster data. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu melakukan prediksi terhadap naik atau turunnya harga bitcoin dengan akurasi sebanyak 71% yang didapatkan dari perbandingan hasil prediksi dan data asli dengan bantuan algoritma confusion matrix.
Genetic evidence for the interaction between Bacillus anthracis-encoded phage receptors and their cognate phage-encoded receptor binding proteins

Bacteriophages such as γ and AP50c have been shown to infect strains of Bacillus anthracis with high specificity, and this feature has been exploited in the development of bacterial detection assays. To better understand the emergence of phage resistance, and thus the potential failure of such assays, it is important to identify the host and phage receptors necessary for attachment and entry. Using genetic approaches, the bacterial receptors of AP50c and γ have been identified as sap and GamR, respectively. A second AP50c-like phage, Wip1, also appears to use sap as a receptor. In parallel with this work, the cognate phage-encoded receptor binding proteins (RBPs) have also been identified (Gp14 for γ, P28 for AP50c, and P23 for Wip1); however, the strength of evidence supporting these protein–protein interactions varies, necessitating additional investigation. Here, we present genetic evidence further supporting the interaction between sap and the RBPs of AP50c and Wip1 using fluorescently tagged proteins and a panel of B. anthracis mutants. These results showed that the deletion of the sap gene, as well as the deletion of csaB, whose encoded protein anchors sap to the bacterial S-layer, resulted in the loss of RBP binding. Binding could then be rescued by expressing these genes in trans. We also found that the RBP of the γ-like prophage λBa03 relied on csaB activity for binding, possibly by a different mechanism. RBPλBa03 binding to B. anthracis cells was also unique in that it was not ablated by heat inactivation of vegetative cells, suggesting that its receptor is still functional following incubation at 98°C. These results extend our understanding of the diverse attachment and entry strategies used by B. anthracis phages, enabling future assay development.
Investigation of the Effect of Push-Up Exercises with and without Suspension on Some Motor Skills Applied to Young Volleyball Athletes

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to compare the relationships between some motor skills in the upper extremity region of 20 male volleyball players aged 15-18 years, competing in the 8th Group of the 2nd League of the Turkish Volleyball Federation, with and without suspended and unsuspended Push-Up (PU) bosu ball exercises applied for 3 sessions every week for 8 weeks. In addition to the normal training program, the first group was trained with unsuspended (PU) and the second group was trained with suspended (PU) for 8 weeks. Both groups performed Medicine Ball Throw to evaluate upper extremity strength, Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test to evaluate endurance and Upper Extremity Y-Balance Test to evaluate balance before and after the training program. As a result of this study, the difference values of the test results before and after the training were compared. A significant difference was found between the groups in the upper extremity right and left arm 0,000, Y Balance Test Medial dominant 0,000, and non-dominant 0,004, Superolateral dominant and non-dominant 0,000, Inferiorlateral dominant 0,024 and non-dominant 0,000, chest and overhead 0,000 Health Ball Throw test difference changes (p0,05). Performing the applications used in classical training methods on unstable grounds can increase the motivation of volleyball athletes and contribute to their performance. As a result, it seems that unsuspended and suspended (PU) exercises can increase the levels of medicine ball throwing, closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test and upper extremity Y-balance test with the exercises applied, although the levels are different. Further studies on the subject by increasing the number of participants in different groups and using electronic devices will be useful.Keywords: Bosu Ball, Motor Skills, Push-Up, Upper extremity, Volleyball
Not All Resources are Visible: Exploiting Fragmented Shadow Resources in Shared-State Scheduler Architecture

With the rapid development of cloud computing, the increasing scale of clusters and task parallelism put forward higher requirements on the scheduling capability at scale. To this end, the shared-state scheduler architecture has emerged as the popular solution for large-scale scheduling due to its high scalability and utilization. In such an architecture, a central resource state view periodically updates the global cluster status to distributed schedulers for parallel scheduling. However, the schedulers obtain broader resource views at the cost of intermittently stale states, rendering resources released invisible to schedulers until the next view update. These fleeting resource fragments are referred to as shadow resources in this paper. Current shared-state solutions overlook or fail to systematically utilize the shadow resources, leaving a void in fully exploiting these invisible resources. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of shadow resources through theoretic modeling and extensive experiments. In order to systematically utilize these resources, we propose Resource Miner (RMiner), a hybrid scheduling sub-system on top of the shared-state scheduler architecture. RMiner comprises three cooperative components: a shadow resource manager that efficiently manages shadow resources, an RM filter that selects suitable tasks as RM tasks, and an RM scheduler that allocates shadow resources to RM tasks. In total, our design enhances the visibility of shared-state scheduling solutions by adding manageability to invisible resources. Through extensive trace-driven evaluation, we show that RMiner greatly outperforms current shared-state schedulers in terms of resource utilization, task throughput, and job wait time with only minor costs of scheduling conflicts and overhead.