Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health-Related Behaviors and Psychological Status of Adolescent Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: The 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey

Objective Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the common chronic diseases that occur in children and adolescents as a chronic relapsing pruritic inflammatory skin disease. This study investigated how AD is associated with stress and depressive symptoms in a large representative sample of adolescents in South Korea. Methods The Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey 2019 was used in this study (n = 57,069, weighted national estimates = 2,672,170). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant associations between AD and mental health, measured by stress and depressive symptoms. Sub-group analysis was also conducted using various socio-economic variables. Results Among the present sample, 6.5% of adolescents (n = 173,909) were diagnosed with AD in the past 12 months. After adjusting for other variables, AD diagnosis was associated with significantly higher odds of experiencing stress (OR = 1.43) and depressive symptoms (OR = 1.32) as compared to adolescents without AD. A similar trend is found in subgroup model analysis using socio-economic variables (ie, education levels, parent’s income levels, and residence area). Specifically, female adolescents with AD, adolescents of low socio-economic status, those reporting smoking and drinking experience, and who do not participate in regular physical activity are more vulnerable to stress and depressive symptoms. Conclusion This is a noteworthy finding because it denotes that AD may lead to negative outcomes, like depressive symptoms or stress, which could be prevented if suspected early.
Expected track length estimation using track break statistics

We consider the problem of estimating the performance of a system that tracks moving objects on the ground using airborne sensors. Expected Track Life (ETL) is a measure of performance that indicates the ability of a tracker to maintain track for extended periods of time. The most desirable method for computing ETL would involve the use of large sets of real data with accompanying truth. This accurately accounts for sensor artifacts and data characteristics, which are difficult to simulate. However, datasets with these characteristics are difficult to collect because the coverage area of the sensors is limited, the collection time is limited, and the number of objects that can realistically be truthed is also limited. Thus when using real datasets, many tracks are terminated because the objects leave the field of view or the end of the dataset is reached. This induces a bias in the estimation when the ETL is computed directly from the tracks. An alternative to direct ETL computation is the use of Markov-Chain models that use track break statistics to estimate ETL. This method provides unbiased ETL estimates from datasets much shorter than what would be required for direct computation. In this paper we extend previous work in this area and derive an explicit expression of the ETL as a function of track break statistics. An example illustrates the properties and advantages of the method.
Modeling the Aerosol Extinction versus Backscatter Relationship for Lidar Applications: Maritime and Continental Conditions

Abstract A model to derive functional relationships linking extinction (α) and backscatter (β) of continental and maritime aerosol at 532 nm is presented and tested. These relationships are needed to solve the single-wavelength lidar equation, where both α and β appear as unknown variables. To obtain the investigated relationships, the extinction and backscatter coefficients of a large number (40 000) of continental and maritime aerosol size distributions and compositions have been computed. Each computation is performed randomly choosing the aerosol microphysical parameters within a variability range fixed according to data available in the literature. An altitude (z) dependence of aerosol microphysical parameters is included in the model so that z-dependent values α = α(z) and β = β(z) are obtained. By fitting the scatterplots of the α versus (β, z) points, three analytical expressions α = f(β, z) are then obtained corresponding, respectively, to maritime and continental aerosol computations and to thei.
Polynomial approximation of current along thin symmetrical cylindrical dipoles

Current distributions and admittances of an isolated symmetrical cylindrical dipole, and of two nonstaggered parallel dipoles, are analysed using a polynomial approximation for current along the dipoles. For antennas of lengths less than or not greatly exceeding the free-space wavelength, a polynomial of only second order approximates the current distribution quite closely, and results in self and mutual admittances which are, on average, as accurate as those according to the Chang? King 5-term theory. For longer antennas, of lengths up to approximately 1.5? , a polynomial of only third order is an excellent approximation.
A practical tropospheric scatter model using the parabolic equation

A simple method that accounts for tropospheric scatter using the parabolic equation portion of the radio physical optics (RPO) model is described. RPO is a hybrid propagation model that combines ray-optics and parabolic-equation methods to assess realistic range-dependent tropospheric effects at frequencies from 100 MHz to 20 GHz. A semiempirical scatter model adds a random refractive-index fluctuation to the mean refractive-index value at each height considered by the parabolic equation method. The results of this scatter model are compared with those of another scatter model and with a few sample radio measurements. >
El problema al final de la muestra en la estimación del PIB potencial

This paper evaluates to what extent the end-of-sample problem inherent to the Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter may be ameliorated when estimating the trend component of GDP. For that purpose, the filter of St-Amant and van Norden (1997) is proposed using Mexican data and both univariate and multivariate methods. The trend component of GDP is also estimated with a linear trend method. On average, the results suggest that both the univariate method of St-Amant and van Norden and the linear trend method may significantly decrease the end-of-sample problem of the HP filter.
Origin and Effect of Nonlocality in a Composite

A simple demonstration of nonlocality in a heterogeneous material is presented. By analysis of the microscale deformation of a two-component layered medium, it is shown that nonlocal interactions necessarily appear in a homogenized model of the system. Explicit expressions for the nonlocal forces are determined. The way these nonlocal forces appear in various nonlocal elasticity theories is derived. The length scales that emerge involve the constituent material properties as well as their geometrical dimensions. A peridynamic material model for the smoothed displacement ﬁeld is derived. It is demonstrated by comparison with experimental data that the incorporation of nonlocality in modeling dramatically improves the prediction of the stress concentration in an open hole tension test on a composite plate.
Communication theory of quantum systems.

Communication theory problems incorporating quantum effects for optical-frequency applications are discussed. Under suitable conditions, a unique quantum channel model corresponding to a given classical space-time varying linear random channel is established. A procedure is described by which a proper density-operator representation applicable to any receiver configuration can be constructed directly from the channel output field. Some examples illustrating the application of our methods to the development of optical quantum channel representations are given. Optimizations of communication system performance under different criteria are considered. In particular, certain necessary and sufficient conditions on the optimal detector in M-ary quantum signal detection are derived. Some examples are presented. Parameter estimation and channel capacity are discussed briefly.
Scaling laws of density fluctuations at high-k on Tore Supra

Anomalous transport in tokamaks is generally attributed to turbulent fluctuations. Since a large variety of modes are potentially unstable, a wide range of short-scale fluctuations should be measured, with wavenumbers from kρi ∼ 0.1 to kρi ≫ 1. In the Tore Supra tokamak, a light scattering experiment has made possible fluctuation measurements in the medium- and high-k domains where a transition in the k-spectrum is observed: the fluctuation level decreases much faster than usual observations, typically with a power law S(k) ≡ k−6. A scan of the ion Larmor radius shows that the transition wavenumber scales with ρi around kρi ∼ 1.5. This transition indicates that a characteristic length scale should be involved to describe the fluctuation nonlinear dynamics in this range. The resulting very low level of fluctuations at high-k does not support a strong effect of turbulence driven by the electron temperature gradient. For this gyroradius scan, the characteristics of turbulence also exhibit a good matching with predictions from gyro-Bohm scaling: the typical scale length of turbulence scales with the ion Larmor radius, the typical timescales with a/cs; the turbulence level also scales with ρi, according to the mixing length rule.
Does a New Modification of the Two-Step Injection Technique for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Reduce Pain Compared to the Conventional Technique? A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background The ability to control pain is an essential part of dental procedures and the need for optimal pain control and reduction of discomfort is the primary concern of every dentist. This study aims to compare the pain and vital signs during inferior alveolar nerve block between conventional and a new modification of the two-step injection techniques. Methods In this institutional single-blind randomized clinical trial, attendees of dental school at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences from February to May 2022 were included. Inclusion criteria were 20–60 years old and healthy (ASA1) individuals who were willing to participate in this study. Individuals who were taking medications affecting their understanding of pain and patients with active infections at the injection site were excluded. These individuals were divided into two groups. First, superficial anesthesia was performed and afterward, conventional and two-step injection techniques were performed. For the two-step injection method, 6 mm of the needle was injected into the mucosa and one-third of the local anesthetic solution was released from the computer-controlled injection toolkit. Afterward, a 25 mm 30-gauge needle was reinserted into the previous hole delivering the remaining local anesthetic. The pain during injection was measured by a patient-reported numerical rating scale (NRS). Moreover, vital signs were monitored immediately before and after the injection. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney U test, independent T-test, and Fisher's exact χ2 test were performed for statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results This study involved 32 adults aged between 20 and 50 years old with 1 : 1 female/male sex distribution. The pain score was significantly higher in the conventional injection technique compared to the two-step injection technique in all sex and age groups. There were no significant differences in vital signs between the conventional and two-step injection techniques. There was no significant difference in the mean pain scores of females and males, regardless of their injection techniques. Conclusion Utilizing the two-step injection technique in patients for inferior alveolar block reduces pain during injection without altering patients' vital signs significantly. This trial is registered with IRCT20220106053646N1.
3D magnetic fields and plasma rotation in RFX-mod tokamak plasmas

Plasma rotation has been one of the topics of major interest in the fusion community over the last few years, given in particular its role on magnetohydrodynamic stability and turbulence suppression. Rotation can be affected by three-dimensional (3D) magnetic fields, e.g. due to intrinsic magnetic field errors or active coils. The reversed field pinch RFX-mod device (Sonato et al 2003 Fusion Eng. Des. 66 161) has been recently operated as an ohmic tokamak with q(a) < 2 thanks to the suppression of the m = 2, n = 1 mode through magnetic feedback control. In such discharges, plasma rotation is sensitive to the presence of 3D magnetic fields, applied through magnetic feedback or due to the growth of the m = 2, n = 1 mode. In particular, it has been observed that above a threshold value of m = 2, n = 1 radial magnetic field amplitude, plasma rotation reverses from counter- to co-Ip direction. The physical mechanisms that can play a role on momentum transport in these plasmas have been investigated, such as the neoclassical toroidal viscosity, the ambipolar electric field due to magnetic stochasticity, and the friction force due to neutrals coming from the wall. All these phenomena are expected to be important in determining the plasma rotation behaviour also in larger tokamaks. Since the RFX-mod experiment has a simple geometry (circular cross-section) and a wide choice of 3D magnetic fields can be applied with the 192 active coils available, it provides a unique test bed to study the basic physics mechanisms responsible for momentum transport.
An experimental determination of the Debye-Waller factor for iron by neutron diffraction

An accurate powder neutron diffraction study of iron is reported. Good agreement between the observed and calculated structure factors was found when magnetic form factors of Shull and Yamada (1962) were used in the analysis of the experimental data. A least-squares refinement of the data at room temperature gave a value BFe=0.35+or-0.04 AA2, where B is a constant in the Debye-Waller factor exp(-B(sin2 theta )/ lambda 2).
Evaluation of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of woven kenaf/bio-epoxy composites

The demand for eco-friendly materials in many sectors is due to the age-long usage of synthetic materials, which has so many negative impacts on the environment, high energy consumption, and health concerns. The physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of woven kenaf fibre reinforced bio-epoxy composites are investigated in this study. The bio-composites were produced utilizing a manual lay-up process with varying fibre loading percentages of 30%, 35%, and 40%. Pure Bio-epoxy composites were also prepared as a reference. Physical, mechanical, morphological, and thermal characteristics were assessed. The density and water absorption of the bio-composites increase as the fibre loading increased. The highest density (1.2559 g/cm3) was shown by 40% fibre loading which also exhibited the highest water absorption of 9.8%. Furthermore, the void content revealed that the pure bio-epoxy has the highest value of 3.16% as compared to kenaf/bio-epoxy composites. The highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus was recorded by 40% fibre loading with 92.47 MPa and 9.18 GPa respectively. Impact properties also show enhancement with the increase in fibre loading, it showed the highest impact strength of 7280.8 J/m2 at 40% fibre loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile fracture indicates that 40% fibre loading shows better fibre and bio-epoxy inter facial bonding because of its higher strength. The Initial decomposition temperature (IDT) of the bio-composites happens at about 230°C–280°C, and the Final decomposition temperature (FDT) is 540°C–560°C which is lower when compared to the pure bio-epoxy composites of 279°C and 560°C. Kenaf/bio-epoxy composites with 40% fibre loading show the best physical and mechanical and thermal properties. Based on our findings, we believe that our green bio-composites has the potential to be employed in various industries such as automobiles, construction and packaging.
Novel solutions of the Helmholtz equation and their application to diffraction

This paper presents a series of novel representations for the solutions of the Helmholtz equation in a broad class of wedge-like domains including those with curvilinear, non-flat faces. These representations are obtained by an original method which combines ray theory with the probabilistic approach to partial differential equations and uses a specific technique to deal with a need for analytical continuation of the specified boundary function. The main results are reminiscent of the standard Feynman–Kac formula but differ in that the averaging over solutions of stochastic differential equations is replaced by averaging over the trajectories of a new two-scale random motion introduced here. The paper focuses on the development of the solutions and for this reason it includes only a brief outline of numerous applications, consequences, extensions and variations of the method, which include, but are not limited to, problems of diffraction and scattering, problems in three-dimensional domains and problems of wave propagation in non-homogeneous media.
A Five-Year Review of Feto-Maternal Outcome of Antepartum Haemorrhage in a Tertiary Center

Background: Pregnancies complicated with antepartum-haemorrhage is high risk pregnancies associated with adverse maternal, fetal-and-perinatal-outcomes. It contributes significantly to fetal and maternal mortality especially in the developing countries. Proper antenatal care and prompt intervention is necessary to forestall adverse and improve outcome. Objective: To determine the prevalence, sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors, fetomaternal outcome of pregnancies with antepartum haemorrhage. Methods: The case files of the patients were retrieved from the medical records department. The total number of deliveries within the study period was obtained from the labour ward records. The feto-maternal-outcome-measures were; prevalence of caesarean-section, postpartum-haemorrhage, hysterectomy, need for blood-transfusion, maternal-death, prematurity, need for admission in intensive-care-unit and still births. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square was used to test for significance. Results: Within the 5-year period under review, out of a total of 6974 deliveries, 234 had antepartum-haemorrhage (3.4% prevalence rate). Abruptio-placentae was the commonest cause and accounted for 69.5% of the cases (prevalence of 2.1%) while placenta praevia accounted for 28.2% of the cases (prevalence rate of 0.9%). The mean age of the women was 31.8±5.3 years. The mean parity was 3.4±1.7 and majority (63.8%) of the women were unbooked. The commonest identifiable risk factors were multiparity and advanced maternal age. One-hundred-and sixty-six (77.9%) women were delivered through the abdominal route. Postpartum-haemorrhage occurred in 22.1% (47) of the cases while prematurity was the commonest fetal complications. Maternal mortality was 0.47% (1) while still birth was 44.1% (94). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of antepartum-haemorrhage in our environment. Abruptio-placentae was the commonest cause and associated with significant adverse fetomaternal-outcome when compared with placenta-praevia. Thus, good and quality antenatal care as well as high index of suspicion, prompt diagnosis and treatment remain the key to forestall these complications and improve fetomaternal-outcome.
The two-dimensional phase of boron nitride: Few-atomic-layer sheets and suspended membranes

We describe the synthesis of very thin sheets (between a few and ten atomic layers) of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), prepared either on a SiO2 substrate or freely suspended. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize the morphology of the samples and to distinguish between regions of different thicknesses. Comparison is made to previous studies on single- and few-layer graphene. This synthesis opens the door to experimentally accessing the two-dimensional phase of boron nitride.
Multilayered nanoparticles as optical sensors for amyloid ß-peptide (1-42) targeting in liquid samples

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder, marked by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral skill impairment. Actually, amyloid β-peptide 1-42 (Aβ (1-42)) is one of the main recognized AD biomarkers. The possibility of detect Aβ (1-42) at very low concentration in different biological fluids allow the early-stage diagnosis, which currently represents the most efficacious AD therapy. To date, optical detection techniques have gained rising attention for the development of Aβ (1-42) sensors based on the analyses of liquid samples. In this context, optical metallic nanoconstructs are promising alternative for the development of novel rapid and low-cost methods for the targeting of Aβ (1-42) in fluids. Herein, diagnostic platforms are based on gold citratecapped nanoparticles (AuNPs), whose aggregation can be modulated by the presence of the target biomarker as a function of its concentration and has been smartly used to develop colorimetric assays. The performances of this novel system are validated for specific detection of synthetic ß- amyloid peptide (Aß) in liquid fluids with high selectivity and sensitivity down to the nanomolar.
Artificial neural networks for plasma x‐ray spectroscopic analysis

Modern diagnostic instrumentation produces a vast amount of data that often requires substantial analysis efforts. New methods are needed to improve the efficiency of the analysis process. Artificial neural networks have been applied to a variety of signal processing and image recognition problems. The feed‐forward, back‐propagation technique is well suited for the analysis of scientific laboratory data, which is viewed as a pattern‐matching problem. We summarize the concepts and algorithms as implemented on a personal computer, and illustrate the method using a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium theoretical atomic physics model for k‐shell x‐ray spectroscopy of a high density, high temperature aluminum plasma. Extensions to other types of spectroscopy data analysis are discussed.
Trolling CNN and Fox News on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter

Online trolling, disinformation, and deception are posing an existential threat to democracy. Informed by the online disinhibition theory and research on the ideological asymmetry between Democrats and Republicans, we examined how the extent and style of trolling varies across social media platforms, by analyzing comments on posts by two media channels (CNN and Fox News) on three social media platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter). We found differences in the style and extent of trolling across platforms and between media channels, with more trolling on articles posted by Fox News than by CNN, and a different trolling style on Twitter than Facebook or Instagram. Our study demonstrates a delicate balance between the socio‐technical factors that are enabling and hindering trolling. While some platforms and government agencies believe in removing anonymity to regulate online harm, this paper makes a significant contribution against that view.