Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A High DC Current Output Salt Battery Hybrid and Enhanced by TENG

The conversion of water energy into sustainable electricity has attracted more and more attention. Conventional water energy harvesting technologies are limited by manufacturing materials and output performance. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) shows good performance in mechanical energy harvesting, while it has a relatively low short-circuit current and large inherent impedance. A novel high DC current output salt battery (SB) hybrid and enhanced by TENG (DC-SBHET) is proposed in this paper. The high open-circuit voltage generated by TENG can accelerate the velocity of mobile ions in the SB. The combination of TENG and SB can successfully increase the DC short- circuit current up to 18.1mA. Nano-foam electrodes were also chosen to further increase the battery performance.
Design of Brain Controlled Robotic Car using Raspberry Pi

People all around the globe are becoming disabled as a result of ageing and paralytic diseases, making it impossible for them to meet their fundamental necessities. To develop assistance for the disabled population, this research work has designed a robotic car, which can be controlled based on their eye flicks. The proposed robotic car will work under the concept of Brain – Computer Interface [BCI]. Nevertheless, BCI is focused on establishing a direct verbal communication path between the brain and a virtual machine. And also, the BCI machine improves the attractiveness of incapacitated victims' lifestyle. The EEG wave obtained from the cerebrum is screened by BCI. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the test used to detect the electrical activity of the brain via scalp (Non-intrusive). Neurosky contemplations wave cell estimates the purposely coordinated EMG action (squint force). The robotic car will operate based on the signal received from the brain. Since, the robotic car is operated based on the eye blink direction, the disabled population will not require the care taker assistance and also they can drive the robotic car automatically without performing any manual operations.
Fake News Detection - A Comparative Study of Advanced Ensemble Approaches

People have taken to social media as a platform for gathering news for updates on everything such as entertainment, politics, government, sports, education, and technology. Therefore, it is highly necessary to ensure that the information accessible to the public is reliable. But there is a high risk of malicious forces spreading wrong information, making even the savviest news audience at risk. Misinformation can seriously, indeed fatally harm the community. Many machine learning algorithms were proposed for identifying false news. In this paper, we have analyzed the accuracies between the ensemble model (LSVM, Naive Bayes, Decision Tree) using Voting Classifier with Bagging meta-estimator and Boosting (Adaboost and Gradient Boosting) Classifiers. We make a comparison between the two most effective advanced ensemble algorithms bagging and boosting. We base this analysis on two datasets where one is of a smaller size and another is a bigger dataset. Voting Classifier is used for ensembling LSVM, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree for both the datasets. This ensembled model has been taken as the base estimator of Bagging meta-estimator and is compared with the other classifiers such as Bagging with default base estimator, Adaboost and Gradient Boosting. Our study shows that Bagging meta-estimator with ensemble model as its base estimator shows better performance than Boosting classifiers for both the datasets.
Mining String Feature for Malicious Binary Detection Based on Normalized CNN

Most famous malware defense tools depend on a large number of detect rules, which are time consuming to develop and require lots of professional experience. Meanwhile, even commercial tools may show high false-negative for some new coming malware, whose patterns were not curved in the prepared rules. This paper proposed the Normalized CNN based Malicious binary Detection method on condition of String, Feature mining (NCMDSF) to address the above problems. Firstly, amount of string feature was extracted from thousands of windows binary applications. Secondly, a 3-layer normalized CNN model, with normalization layer other than down sampling layer, was fit to detect malware. Finally, the proposed method NCMDSF was evaluated to discover malware from more than 1,000 windows binary applications by K-fold cross validation. Experimental results showed that, NCMDSF was superior to some other learning-based methods, including classical CNN, LSTM, normalized LSTM, and won higher true positive rate on the condition of same false positive rate. Furthermore, it successfully avoids over-fitting that occurs in deep learning methods without using normalization.
Performance Projection of 2-D Material-Based CMOS Inverters for Sub-10-nm Channel Length

In this work, we comprehensively investigate the performance of CMOS inverters based on 2-D materials (2DMs), such as MoS 2, WSe 2, WS 2, black phosphorus (BP), WSe 2-MoS 2, and benchmark against their silicon (Si) counterpart for sub-10-nm channel length. The performance evaluation of the 2DM-based CMOS inverters is done using an in-house developed multiscale modeling approach, which translates the atomistic device model into the professional circuit simulation using the Verilog-AMS interface. Among 2DM-based inverters, heterogeneous WSe 2-MoS 2 inverter configuration exhibits excellent switching characteristics for 5.6 nm and beyond channel length with a larger static noise margin, nanowatt-order power dissipation, and comparative speed to Si-based inverter. Despite lower noise margins and higher power dissipation, Si-based inverter, with lower gate capacitance, allows marginally higher speed than that of 2DM-based inverters. Furthermore, at 3-nm channel length, static and dynamic performance metrics of inverter degrade significantly due to more pronounced short-channel effects; however, MoS2-based inverter demonstrates a good functionality. The performance analysis and benchmarking show promise and opportunities with 2DM-based devices for future logic applications; however, optimizing the contact resistance, parasitic capacitances, and channel length are the key device design parameters in developing the high-performance CMOS inverter.
Dynamic Magnetic Field Generation With High Accuracy Modeling Applied to Magnetic Robots

Magnetic field driving technology is one of the research focuses in the field of micro/nanorobot motion control. In order to enhance the accuracy of magnetic field generation, a new drive circuit using the bipolar linear power amplifier, instead of the traditional switching elements, is designed for electromagnetic coil in this article. Meanwhile, an advanced control strategy is proposed to improve the dynamic and steady-state performance of magnetic field generation. The proposed approach mainly consists of the intelligent algorithm of neural network (NN) and proportional resonant differential feed-forward (PRDF) method. The NN algorithm is used to obtain the optimal parameters for the PRDF model. The feed-forward control is applied to eliminate the system disturbance caused by the coil temperature rise. Finally, comparative experiments with different control schemes are conducted for the combined coils of Maxwell and Helmholtz with multiple degrees of freedom. The experimental validations have revealed strong adaptability of the proposed scheme for different types of electromagnetic coils, as well as the satisfactory dynamic performance and steady-state precision.
Design of a High Speed PLL using LC VCO in a 180nm CMOS technology

In this paper, a High-speed PLL using LC-VCO in 180nm CMOS technology with a wider tuning range and lower Phase noise is designed to sustain the linearity in the gain of the VCO using Cadence Virtuoso Tool and Spectre Simulator. First designing the sub-blocks of the PLL using Schematic Editor and Verifying the characteristics for the given specifications are discussed and finally integrated these sub-blocks to form a high-speed PLL. The PLL discussed is a second-order with a Phase margin of 60 degrees and loop bandwidth of 100KHz. The designed LC VCO operates at 1.8 volts supply. The bandwidth for maintaining the linearity of the LC VCO was between 6.7 GHz- 7.5 GHz. The lock range was 0.454 GHz and the capture range of 0.807 GHz. The LC VCO designed had a gain of 484 Mhz/V with the output power of 2.25mw with resonating frequency of 7GHzs and the phase noise -131.5dbc/Hz at 10Mhz
Penetration Frameworks and Development Issues in Secure Mobile Application Development: A Systematic Literature Review

The invention of smartphones has opened a new market for mobile application development. Amateur android app developers often do not possess knowledge of the latest android vulnerabilities and thus create applications with attack surface that hackers exploit. In this literature review, many available frameworks and techniques have been analyzed using ISO/IEC 25010 software quality model and identified challenges that android developers face in designing a secure application for android. This paper also presents a comprehensive survey of different penetration tools, evaluated by using criteria such as code analysis, code review, vulnerability analysis, vulnerability exploit, payload and whether these can be used in vulnerability modeling during the design phase. Our study effectively identifies the issues and gaps which can further help develop a framework/tool for designing a penetration secure mobile application by embedding all the vulnerabilities during the design phase using an android vulnerability repository.
On Non-Invasive Measurements of Exhaled Aceton Using Metal Oxide Nanosensors

The paper presents and discusses works carried out both at Yerevan State University and abroad on non-invasive metal oxide sensors (chemiresistors) for acetone exhaled by a diabetic. The technologies and parameters of chemiresistors based on tin dioxide, tungsten trioxide, zinc oxide, Fe2O3, In2O3 and TiO2 developed at YSU and in the world are presented. Most likely, it makes sense to start investigations start with concentration 1 ppm acetone. The response of the MWCNT-doped SnO2 chemiresistors was measured at a concentration of acetone from 1 to 12 ppm, characteristic of diabetics at a relatively early stage of the disease.
Electrical Stimulation to Enhance Wound Healing

Electrical stimulation (ES) can serve as a therapeutic modality accelerating the healing of wounds, particularly chronic wounds which have impaired healing due to complications from underlying pathology. This review explores how ES affects the cellular mechanisms of wound healing, and its effectiveness in treating acute and chronic wounds. Literature searches with no publication date restrictions were conducted using the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed databases, and 30 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. In vitro and in vivo experiments investigating the effect of ES on the general mechanisms of healing demonstrated increased epithelialization, fibroblast migration, and vascularity around wounds. Six in vitro studies demonstrated bactericidal effects upon exposure to alternating and pulsed current. Twelve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigated the effect of pulsed current on chronic wound healing. All reviewed RCTs demonstrated a larger reduction in wound size and increased healing rate when compared to control groups. In conclusion, ES therapy can contribute to improved chronic wound healing and potentially reduce the financial burden associated with wound management. However, the variations in the wound characteristics, patient demographics, and ES parameters used across studies present opportunities for systematic RCT studies in the future.
Method Confusion Attack on Bluetooth Pairing

Bluetooth provides encryption, authentication, and integrity protection of its connections. These protection mechanisms require that Bluetooth devices initially establish trust on first use through a process called pairing. Throughout this process, multiple alternative pairing methods are supported.In this paper, we describe a design flaw in the pairing mechanism of Bluetooth. This flaw permits two devices to perform pairing using differing methods. While successfully interacting with each other, the devices are not aware of the Method Confusion. We explain how an attacker can cause and abuse this Method Confusion to mount a Method Confusion Attack. In contrast to other attacks targeting the pairing method, our attack applies even in Bluetooth’s highest security mode and cannot be mitigated in the protocol. Through the Method Confusion Attack, an adversary can infiltrate the secured connection between the victims and intercept all traffic.Our attack is successful in practically relevant scenarios. We implemented it as an end-to-end Proof of Concept for Bluetooth Low Energy and tested it with off-the-shelf smartphones, a smartwatch and a banking device. Furthermore, we performed a user study where none of the 40 participants noticed the ongoing attack, and 37 (92.5%) of the users completed the pairing process. Finally, we propose changes to the Bluetooth specification that immunize it against our attack.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of 4% Articaine Hydrochloride and 2% Lignocaine Hydrochloride in Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery- A Prospective, Parallel Arm, Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 4% articaine hydrochloride and 2% lignocaine hydrochloride in impacted mandibular third molar surgery. Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects randomly received either the 4% articaine injection (Group 1) or 2% lignocaine injection (Group 2) with 1: 200000 adrenaline via a pterygomandibular nerve block. The onset of the action of anesthesia, pulpal anaesthesia and its quality during the surgery, duration of anesthesia, duration of the surgery, the total volume of the anesthetic solution, hemodynamic statistics and pain levels were recorded. Results: The mean onset of anesthesia was significantly shorter in Group 1 (4.243 minutes) as compared to Group 2 (4.398 minutes). Onset of pulpal anesthesia was significantly shorter, with values as 4.287 ± 0.335 mins (Group 1) and 5.215 ± 0.3157 mins (Group 2). The duration of anesthetic effect in Group 1 was 3 hours (14.60 ± 9.76 mins), significantly higher than lignocaine -2 hours 43.33 mins (163.33 +-11.97 minutes). The duration of the procedure was marginally higher in Group 141.67 ± 20.14mins; Group 239.30 ±18.54mins. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between qualities of anesthesia with pain scores lower in Group 1 as compared to Group 2. Articaine was found to have better cardiovascular stability than lignocaine. Conclusion: 4% articaine hydrochloride with 1:200000 adrenaline is more effective than 2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:200000 adrenalines in impacted mandibular third molar surgery in terms of onset, quality of anesthesia and hemodynamic parameters.
An On-Road Study in Mitigating Motion Sickness When Reading in Automated Driving

This on-road study explores the effect of a visual (VPIS) and haptic peripheral information system (HPIS) on a user’s level of motion sickness when engaging in reading activity while being driven in a fully automated vehicle (AV). Both systems notify the user regarding the upcoming navigational information in the lateral direction, and HPIS also supports the user from being involuntarily moved by the lateral acceleration when cornering. It was hypothesized that both systems would reduce the experienced motion sickness compared to those without any intervention. Eighteen participants with severe motion sickness susceptibility were exposed to lowfrequency lateral acceleration that induces a moderate-to-severe dose of motion sickness. The automated driving was simulated by an automated-like instrumented vehicle and performed with the Wizard-of-Oz approach. The participants were asked to perform reading while being exposed to three different conditions (control-, VPIS-, and HPIS-condition), each for about 15-minutes. Results from a self-rating questionnaire indicated statistically significant decreases in motion sickness found with the presence of HPIS but not with VPIS. Results showed HPIS produced the least experienced motion sickness while VPIS exacerbated the symptoms of motion sickness. Adaptation effects were also found due to the repetitive exposure to the same route of automated driving.
Simulation of the Effect of the Angle of Incidence on the Solar Panel for Three Solar Photovoltaic (pv) Systems in the Bogotá Savanna– Subparamo

The planet's pollution from greenhouse gases resulting from fossil energy sources' inefficient use, has made the scientific community reflect and has led it to search for new alternative and renewable energy sources to supply increasing energy needs. One of the sources that have had significant growth worldwide in the last decade is photovoltaic solar energy. However, one of the drawbacks with the use of photovoltaic technology is conversion efficiency. For this, alternatives are sought, such as the study of new materials with structures that facilitate the quantum photodetection of a given compound; minimize losses due to transient and harmonic in the regulation devices and inverters, and losses in the storage and transport of the energy generated. One proposal to increase the collection efficiency is solar tracking systems, making the panels remain approximately perpendicular to the direct light beam (direct radiation), from dawn to sunset. In this research work, three photovoltaic solar energy capture systems are compared using a simulation. The first case corresponds a fixed system in a horizontal position; the second case is a system fixed with an inclination of 10 degrees south latitude, and the third, a two-axis tracker. The information collected is taken in the municipality of Sibate, the coordinates 4 ° 30 ' 09.5 " N, 74 ° 15 ' 20.2 " W in the Savanna of Bogota. The purpose of this study is to use clean electrical energy to obtain bio-hydrogen using electrolysis. In the simulation, two periods, cloudy and clear, are determined based on a threshold taken experimentally in the panels and thus comparing the three systems. The results show that in clear periods the solar tracker has an energy conversion gain of 5 %. On the other hand, in cloudy periods, the three systems' panels showed similarity in the energy measurements captured.
Entrepreneurial Career Probabilities of Adolescents

The extent of new enterprise creation is a key driver contributing to economic, social, individual, and cultural values. Given a relatively low rate of Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) in Germany, an understanding of the predictors of adolescent entrepreneurial career preferences is critical in developing ways to foster the interest of young people in entrepreneurship. Although the late precursors of the intention to become self-employed are largely understood, only a few studies have investigated which early individual-level factors affect the subjective probability of becoming an entrepreneur.
Automated Quantification of sTIL Density with H&E-Based Digital Image Analysis Has Prognostic Potential in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers

Simple Summary Around 15% of breast cancer patients are diagnosed as triple-negative (TNBC), which have significantly lower 5-year survival rates (77%) than other types of breast cancer (93%). Our study aimed at developing an image analysis-based biomarker to assess how the immune system interacts with the tumor and investigate the potential added value of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) for the prognosis of overall survival compared to the manual approach. In a large retrospective cohort of 257 patients, we found that our fully automated hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) image analysis pipeline can quantify sTIL density showing both high concordance with manual scoring and association with the prognosis of patients with TNBC. It also overcomes natural limitations of manual assessment that hinder clinical adoption of the immune biomarker. We conclude that sTIL scoring by automated image analysis has prognostic potential comparable to manual scoring and should be further investigated for future use in a clinical setting. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and difficult-to-treat cancer type that represents approximately 15% of all breast cancers. Recently, stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTIL) resurfaced as a strong prognostic biomarker for overall survival (OS) for TNBC patients. Manual assessment has innate limitations that hinder clinical adoption, and the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group (TIL-WG) has therefore envisioned that computational assessment of sTIL could overcome these limitations and recommended that any algorithm should follow the manual guidelines where appropriate. However, no existing studies capture all the concepts of the guideline or have shown the same prognostic evidence as manual assessment. In this study, we present a fully automated digital image analysis pipeline and demonstrate that our hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-based pipeline can provide a quantitative and interpretable score that correlates with the manual pathologist-derived sTIL status, and importantly, can stratify a retrospective cohort into two significant distinct prognostic groups. We found our score to be prognostic for OS (HR: 0.81 CI: 0.72–0.92 p = 0.001) independent of age, tumor size, nodal status, and tumor type in statistical modeling. While prior studies have followed fragments of the TIL-WG guideline, our approach is the first to follow all complex aspects, where appropriate, supporting the TIL-WG vision of computational assessment of sTIL in the future clinical setting.
Single-Dot Microscopy and Spectroscopy for Comprehensive Study of Colloidal Nanocrystals

Here we advocate the use of single-dot electrical and optical spectroscopy, or combinations of both, to study subtle energetic and dynamic features of colloidal core (shell) nanocrystalline quantum dots. In ensemble experiments, these features are hidden because of inhomogeneous broadening. The remarked physics of confined electrons and excitons as revealed by single-dot spectroscopy often reflects a coupling – enhanced by confinement in the nanocrystal – with other excitations such as lattice phonons and other carriers. We philosophize on a comprehensive single-dot experiment on semiconductor quantum dots that would combine optical and electrical spectroscopy with complete atomic imaging of the investigated structure.
Early intervention in temporary DI: A randomized natural field experiment reducing waiting time in vocational rehabilitation

Rising disability insurance rolls are a major concern in many industrialized countries. Many disability benefit systems have until now been based on passive benefit programmes, while the trend now is towards more active labour market programs in order to increase employment among people with partial work capacity. This paper studies early intervention among people with partial work capacity by analysing the effects of reducing the waiting time before participating in vocational rehabilitation programs. The results, using data from a natural field experiment with nearly 5 000 participants, indicate that reducing waiting time by on average 35 days has no effect on employment status or earnings, but leads to earlier transitions into permanent disability benefits. Contact: www.frisch. uio.no Report from the project “Effects of vocational rehabilitation programs”(1330), funded by the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs (70203). ISBN 978-82-7988-288-6 ISSN 1501-9721