Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Backporting Security Patches of Web Applications: A Prototype Design and Implementation on Injection Vulnerability Patches

Web vulnerabilities, especially injection-related ones, are popular among web application frameworks (such as Word-Press and Piwigo), which can lead to severe consequences like user information leak and server-side malware execution. One major practice of ﬁxing web vulnerabilities on real-world websites is to apply security patches from the ofﬁcial developers of web frameworks. However, such a practice is challenging because security patches are developed for the latest version of a web framework, but real-world websites often run an old version due to legacy reasons. A direct application of security patches on the old version often fails because web frameworks, especially the code around the vulnerable location, may change between versions. In this paper, we design a security patch backporting framework and implement a prototype on injection vulnerability patches, called S KY P ORT . S KY P ORT ﬁrst identiﬁes safely-backportable patches of injection vulnerabilities and web framework versions in theory and then backports patches to corresponding old versions. In the evaluation, S KY P ORT iden-tiﬁes 98 out of 155 security patches targeting legacy injection vulnerabilities, which can be backported to 750 old versions of web application frameworks. Then, S KY P ORT successfully backported all of the aforementioned backportable patches to corresponding old versions to correctly ﬁx vulnerabilities. We believe that this is a ﬁrst-step towards this important research problem and hope our research can draw further attention from the research community in backporting security patches to ﬁx unpatched vulnerabilities in general beyond injection-related ones.
Inferring Phishing Intention via Webpage Appearance and Dynamics: A Deep Vision Based Approach

Explainable phishing detection approaches are usually based on references, i.e., they compare a suspicious webpage against a reference list of commonly targeted legitimate brands’ webpages. If a webpage is detected as similar to any referenced website but their domains are not aligned, a phishing alert is raised with an explanation comprising its targeted brand. In comparison to other techniques, such explainable reference-based solutions are more robust to ever-changing phishing webpages. However, the webpage similarity is still measured by representations conveying only partial intentions (e.g., screenshot and logo), which (i) incurs considerable false positives and (ii) gives an adversary opportunities to compromise user conﬁdence in the approaches. In this work, we propose, PhishIntention, to extract precise phishing intention of a webpage by visually (i) extracting its brand intention and credential-taking intention, and (ii) interacting with the webpage to conﬁrm the credential-taking intention. We design PhishIntention as a heterogeneous system of deep learning vision models, overcoming various technical challenges. The models “look at” and “interact with” the webpage for its intention, which are robust to potential HTML obfuscation. We compare PhishIntention with four state-of-the-art reference-based approaches on the largest phishing identiﬁcation dataset consisting of 50K phishing and benign webpages. For similar level of recall, PhishIntention achieves signiﬁcantly higher precision than the baselines. Moreover, we conduct a continuous ﬁeld study on the Internet for two months to discover emerging phishing webpages. PhishIntention detects 1,942 new phishing webpages (1,368 not reported by VirusTotal). Comparing to the best baseline, PhishIntention generates 86.5% less false alerts (139 vs. 1,033 false positives) while detecting similar number of real phishing webpages. Our models and code are available at https: //github.com/lindsey98/PhishIntention.git .
The Effect of Gentrification on Community Health Outcomes: Evidence from Three Texas Cities

Gentrification occurs when a low-income neighborhood, with a high minority population experiences a sudden change through the arrival of high income, educated, and white individuals. The effects that gentrification has on residents are still debated. This paper intends to expand on the existing literature by examining the effects that gentrification has on the health outcomes of census tracts in three Texas cities: Austin, Dallas, and San Antonio. I use census tract level data to measure the gentrification status of tracts along with the CDC’s 500 Cities/PLACES Project data on health outcomes to find if living in a gentrified census tract is positively or negatively associated with health. I identify the effects of gentrification by employing a difference-in-difference approach to find if living in a gentrified neighborhood is consistent with increased negative health outcomes. Contrary to expectations, I find that the average health profile in gentrified communities is better than that in non-gentrified communities. Whether these differences are attributable to the gentrification process, selection, or other effects remains an open research question.
Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and virulence genes detection in Citrobacter freundii isolated from patients at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Citrobacter freundii is an infrequent hospital-acquired pathogen causing different types of disease in clinical settings. This pathogen is associated with a wide range of infections causing an unpredictably high mortality rate of 30-60%. Separation of this pathogen in health care settings is escalating and multidrug-resistant strains are emerging. Therefore, this study aimed to detect antimicrobial resistance patterns and virulence genes among the isolated C. freundii. Methods: A total of 500 samples (urine, stool, wound swab and pus, blood endotracheal aspirates, and sputum) from patients with clinically suspected infections irrespective of age and sex were used in this study. Disc diffusion method was used to detect the susceptibility pattern of antibiotics; colistin, tigecycline, and fosfomycin susceptibility pattern was identified by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to detect potential virulence genes. Results: Among 27 isolated C. freundii , the majority were resistant to amoxiclav (92.59%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (88.89%), cefotaxime, and ceftazidime (85.19%) followed by ceftriaxone (81.48%), cefepime and ciprofloxacin (77.78%). MIC showed the least resistance to colistin (29.63%), fosfomycin (11.11%) and tigecycline (7.41%). lt-h,slt-I,slt-II, via B, hly A , but not all genes are always commonly detected in C. freundii . We studied the common genes which were also detected in previous years. In our study, among the common genes, PCR was health is the appearance and extent of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria In-creased selective pressure in the hospital environment may help C. freundii to procure compound resistance factors for becoming multidrug-resistant and set up a momentous source of innumerable hospital-acquired infections [12]. Few studies have investigated the occurrence of the antibiotic resistance pattern of C. freundii in Bangladesh. But till now no virulence factor of C. freundii has been identified in Bangladesh. Hence, this study was aimed at detecting antimicrobial resistance patterns along with virulence genes. in
URBAN FUNCTIONAL ZONE IDENTIFICATION BY CONSIDERING THE HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTION OF POINTS OF INTERESTS

: Urban Functional Zone (UFZ) identification facilitates the understanding of urban systems, which are complex and huge, and helps promote sustainable urban development. Existing studies on UFZ identification with Points of Interests (POIs) have focused much on more accurately extracting functional semantics, but ignored the fine delineation of UFZs in the spatial domain. The fine delineation of the spatial units of UFZs is also a key issue in UFZ identification. Since the sizes of UFZs can be different in practice, it is difficult to delineate spatially heterogeneous UFZs on a fixed scale. To solve the issue, a novel multi-scale spatial segmentation method was proposed in this study. Through taking the homogeneous socio-economic attributes of UFZs into account, we firstly generated a number of multi-scale spatial units by computing the mixed degree of POIs types, which reflects the mixed functions of each UFZs, using information entropy. Subsequently, we constructed the urban functional corpus of each spatial unit by measuring the spatial distribution pattern of POIs. The Word2Vec model was employed to obtain the semantic embedding vectors of UFZs, following which we adopted cosine distance-based K-means clustering method to group similar UFZs into one cluster. Finally, the enrichment factor was used to help annotate each functional cluster with a specific label. The UFZ identification results were compared with the Baidu e-maps and Baidu street view images for evaluation, and an accuracy of 82.7% was obtained. This study considering the heterogeneous distribution of POIs supports the fine-grained identification of UFZs, providing reference for urban planning.
Cell Vaccination Efficacy Dendritic Cells In Vivo and Limits Dendritic NK Cell TRAIL Eliminates Immature

Recent studies have implicated a possible role for NK cells in regulating dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. In the present study, we demonstrate that immature DC are rapidly eliminated by NK cells in vivo via a pathway dependent on the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Elimination of NK cells and/or neutralization of TRAIL function during immunization with immature DC loaded with nonself or tumor Ags signiﬁcantly enhanced T cell responses to these Ags and Ag-speciﬁc tumor immunity. These data suggested that NK cell TRAIL might regulate responses to vaccination by controlling the survival of Ag-loaded DC. The Journal of Immunology, 2004, 172: 123–129.
Climate policies for buildings

The UN Paris Agreement of 2015 set a goal of limiting global warming to under 2°C, and to pursue efforts to keep it as low as 1.5°C. It is widely accepted that the built environment is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to the operational energy demand from buildings and the embodied energy in the construction process and construction materials. A fundamental question is whether there is sufficient ‘policy literacy’ within the built environment community to convincingly engage with policy-makers and policy formulation to play an active role in generating, explaining and evaluating policy options. Evidence from two recent Building Research & Information special issues, ‘Closing the Policy Gaps: From Formulation to Outcomes’ and ‘Building Governance and Climate Change: Regulation and Related Policies’, shows the built environment research community is developing new policy capabilities and levels of sophistication (Foxell & Cooper, 2015; Visscher, Laubscher, & Chan, 2016), as well as improving its engagement with other policyrelated disciplines. Over the past 40 plus years, the energy consumption in buildings has been an ongoing societal concern. From the energy ‘shocks’ in the 1970s to the later realization that fossil fuels have a significant negative effect on the atmosphere and human health, energy efficiency and energy demand have been significant research topics. However, the collective effort to reduce GHG emissions from the building stock has been a limited success. The various reasons for this have been chronicled by researchers in this journal, as well as elsewhere:
Evaluation of Effects Based Methods for Regulating Metals in Aquatic Ecosystems

Summary: The European Union is currently evaluating the use of Effects Based Methods (EBMs) as part of a more integrative strategy for regulating a number of substances of concern under the Water Framework Directive. This white paper evaluates the use of 13 EBMs that might be used in the regulation of metals. Each EBM was evaluated with respect to metal specificity and sensitivity, sensitivity to other classes of toxicants, and the strength of the relationship between effects measured by the EBM and effects observed at higher levels of biological organization such as the individual or population. The evaluation concluded that none of the EBMs evaluated met all three criteria of being sensitive to metals, insensitive to other classes of toxicants, and a strong indicator of effects at the whole organism or population level. The current approach of regulating metals by using Biotic Ligand Model (BLM)-based Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) is sensitive only to metals and has strong links to effects at the individual and population level but does not consider the integrated effects of metal mixtures on aquatic systems. Given the lack of suitable EBMs for metals, it is recommended that continued development of mixture BLMs may be the most effective way to achieve the goal of a more holistic approach for regulating metals in aquatic ecosystems.
MultiModalTopicExplorer: A Visual Text Analytics System for Exploring a Collection of Multi-modal Online Conversations

— The constant increase in the volume of textual data has led to the development of various algorithms to summarize and understand this type of data. A promising solution is topic modeling, a statistical approach for extracting themes from large-scale datasets. Humans who directly interact with and interpret the output of topic modeling may rely on visualization tools to better interpret and evaluate the results. However, these tools still have limitations. First, they do not provide explicit functionalities to perform a qualitative analysis of the results. Second, current visual representations lack support for multi-modal conversations (image and text) and do not show the evolution of topics over time. We designed and developed MultiModalTopicExplorer, a web-based interactive visualization of topic modeling algorithm results to address these limitations. There are two key innovations in this work. First, MultiModalTopicExplorer allows users to report the quality of topics. Second, it shows the most relevant images for each topic to help users interpret topics. We designed and conducted a user study with four computer scientists. We asked them to evaluate two popular topic models using our tool. Our initial results show that participants felt successful in accomplishing the tasks, although it may have cost them some effort and mental demand.
AN ENTITY MODEL FOR ONLINE RECIPE SEARCH

In this paper we propose an entity model which allows us to represent and search for recipes in online environments. The entity model provides relevant entity types, attributes and relations between them. We advance the state of the art by covering aspects that are often not considered, or loosely considered, by existing models. The proposed model extends and formalizes Schema.org, the de-facto standard used by developers to structure Web content such that it can be better visualized and retrieved. The entity model is rooted in FRBR, the model used in Library Science to conceptualize creative works. We illustrate the methodology followed, the developed model, and the evaluation we conducted.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Parts of speech and dependent clauses: A typological study

Linguistic typology studies the various ways in which languages map form onto meaning. Thus, it identifies the different grammatical constructions that languages use to express particular functional distinctions. The present re-search is concerned with the typology of two construction types: parts of speech and dependent clauses. These constructions are studied in a sample of 50 languages from all-over the world. The study aims to investigate the relationship between the functional possibilities of the parts of speech and dependent clauses attested in each of these languages. The parts of speech classes and dependent clauses of individual languages are categorized according to their ability to express one or more of the communi-cative functions of predication, reference, and modification. In addition, dependent clauses are classified according to their internal morpho-syntactic properties, distinguishing between balanced dependent clauses, which are structurally similar to independent clauses, and deranked dependent clauses, which have properties in common with nominal, adjectival, or adverbial con-structions.The results of this study show that the degree of functional flexibility as dis-played by a language’s parts of speech classes constrains the degree of flexibility of its deranked dependent clauses, but not its balanced dependent clauses. In particular, the deranked dependent clauses of a language hardly ever show a higher degree of functional flexibility than its parts of speech classes. Rather, deranked dependent clauses have either an equal or a smaller range of functional possibilities as compared to the parts of speech classes on which they are structurally modeled. The findings are interpreted from a functionalist perspective: They shed light on the way in which languages establish maximal functional transparency, by dividing the workload of assigning specific functions to specific structures over the lexical, morphological, and syntactic devices available in their grammatical systems. This study is of relevance for linguistic typologists who work in the functionalist framework and who are interested in lexical and morpho-syntactic categoriza-tion.
Determination of the optimal drop height for male with different exercise level in drop jump by unilateral lower limb

Background : Drop jump (DJ) is a kind of plyometric training. There is little research on the effect of drop height (DH) on unilateral DJ. This study explored the optimal DH of DJ by unilateral lower limb, aiming to provide a reference for males with different exercise levels to avoid the imbalance between bilateral lower limbs and for coaches to develop accurate and effective unilateral DJ training programs. Methods : 18 college athletes and 13 physically active students were recruited to participate in this study and then asked to take three tests, namely “single-leg DJ at low height (L- SLDJ)”, “single-leg DJ at medium height (M-SLDJ)”, and “single-leg DJ at high height (H-SLDJ)”. Motion Capture System and Force Plate were used to synchronously collect motion parameters. Results : At M-SLDJ, both dominant and non-dominant legs performed significantly better than those at the other two types of DH in terms of leg stiffness and power for males with different exercise levels. At H-SLDJ, for males with different exercise levels, dominant leg had significantly better performance in leg stiffness, power etc. than non-dominant leg. Conclusions : The M-SLDJ designed in this study can be used by college athletes or students majoring in physical education for unilateral lower limb DJ training to maximize the performance of dominant or non-dominant leg. Due to the significant difference between two legs in the case of H-SLDJ, the eccentric contraction ability and stability of the non-dominant leg should be enhanced during the training to avoid bilateral imbalance.
Participatory Mechanisms in the Development, Implementation and Review of National Sustainable Development Strategies

This ESDN Quarterly Report (QR) focuses on participatory mechanisms in the development, implementation and review of National Sustainable Development Strategies (NSDSs). Generally, public participation is one of the key elements of NSDS processes as it builds a basis for involving various stakeholder groups and aims to link top-down and bottom-up approaches. Viewed from a ‘new governance’ perspective on policy-making, participatory mechanisms are crucial for multi-stakeholder and cross-sectoral settings of collaboration to successfully address the challenges of sustainable development (SD). However, practical experiences show that establishing meaningful and effective exchange mechanisms between different stakeholders remains a challenge that needs to be addressed more systematically. This QR attempts to provide an overview of various aspects of participation in policy-making in general and its application in NSDS processes in particular. After a general introduction on public participation in policy-making and SD strategy processes, the QR includes several empirical findings on public participation in NSDS processes. In order to demonstrate how participatory mechanisms are applied in practice in NSDS processes, the QR includes three case studies of experiences made in Austria, Finland and the UK. The empirical findings and the case studies are partly based on a research project on participatory mechanisms in NSDS processes that is commissioned by the German Environment Agency (UBA) and the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety and conducted by Ecologic and RIMAS. The project started in December 2007 and will be finished in late 2008 with a final project report. In 2008, ESDN workshop on the same topic was Berlin. A full documentation of the workshop, including the workshop report, can be found on the ESDN homepage.
Mixed oxides NiO/ZnO/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> synthesized in a single step via ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method

: Mixed oxides have received remarkable attention due to the many opportunities to adjust their interesting structural, electrical, catalytic properties, leading to a better, more useful performance compared to the basic metal oxides. In this study, mixed oxides NiO/ZnO/Al 2 O 3 were synthesized in a single step via the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method using nitrate salts, and the temperature effects of the process were investigated (400, 600, 800 ◦ C). The synthesized samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses. The results showed Al 2 O 3 , NiO–Al 2 O 3 and ZnO–Al 2 O 3 systems with spinel phases. Furthermore, the Raman peaks supported the coexistence of oxide phases, which strongly impact the overall properties of nanocomposite.
The Latest Offering in the Fundamentals of Coatings Technology Series: order now from ACA Mechanical Properties of Coatings , Second Edition

With the industry trend to low-VOC latex paints, managing foam is a significant concern for coatings formulators. APEO-free, low-foam, readily biodegradable (by OECD 301) surfactants are now available but some of these actually can be used to help defoam the grind step at elevated processing temperatures. To optimize their use, the low-foam surfactant should be matched to a dispersant system so that the surfactant will become insoluble and act as a defoamer in the grind at temperatures above its cloud point. High throughput screening techniques were used to determine optimal combina-tions of dispersant and low-foam surfactant. With these leads, a follow-up study of cloud points and foaming of grind step liquids was run to demonstrate the utility of this approach. Through careful selection of grind surfactants matched to a particular dispersant system, a notable reduction in processing foam can be achieved. A fundamental understanding of mechanical behavior is crucial for formulating coatings that achieve the desired aesthetic and protective properties. This up-to-date second edition helps coatings professionals better appreciate the intricate relationship between chemical composition and mechanical behavior. Mechanical Properties of Coatings provides insight into the fundamentals of mechanical behavior of coatings—from the most basic concepts of stress and strain, to the more complex area of fracture mechanics. Topics covered include: