Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE ENGINEERING OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL PRODUCTS THROUGH THE FUNDAMENTAL OF THE MAQASID AL- SHARI‘AH

The purpose of this study is to identifying the perception on the Shari„ah Advisory Boards (SABs) in Islamic financial institutions in order to verify and validate of the basic fundamentals of the Maqasid al-Shari„ah Framework (MSF), which include the Islamic Financial transactions (Fiqh al-Mu„amalat), fiqh maxims (Qawa‟id al-Fiqhiyyah) and fiqh priorities (Fiqh al-Aulawiyyat). The objectives of Shari„ah (Maqasid al-Shari„ah) are the key to better understand the Shari„ah in its true perspective. Hence, this paper will explain the basis fundamentals of the Maqasid Shari„ah as a guideline for Shari„ah scholars to arrive at a more precise ijtihad in their assessment of Islamic financial products development. Hence, this study give recommendation the distinctive fundamentals of Maqasid Shari„ah model should have an Islamic financial transactions (fiqh almu„amalat), fiqh maxims (qawa„id al-fiqhiyyah) and fiqh of priorities (fiqh al-aulawiyyat), in assisting the Shari„ah scholars producing more appropriate ijtihad in Islamic banking and finance products matters, which contribute towards promoting justice and welfare of public interest (maslahah) as well as in promoting awareness of people‟s needs. KeywordsIslamic Financial Products, Maqasid Al-Shari„ah, Islamic Financial, Fiqh Maxims, Fiqh Of Priorities, Public Interest.
Why the HIV Reservoir Never Runs Dry: Clonal Expansion and the Characteristics of HIV-Infected Cells Challenge Strategies to Cure and Control HIV Infection

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively reduces cycles of viral replication but does not target proviral populations in cells that persist for prolonged periods and that can undergo clonal expansion. Consequently, chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is sustained during ART by a reservoir of long-lived latently infected cells and their progeny. This proviral landscape undergoes change over time on ART. One of the forces driving change in the landscape is the clonal expansion of infected CD4 T cells, which presents a key obstacle to HIV eradication. Potential mechanisms of clonal expansion include general immune activation, antigenic stimulation, homeostatic proliferation, and provirus-driven clonal expansion, each of which likely contributes in varying, and largely unmeasured, amounts to maintaining the reservoir. The role of clinical events, such as infections or neoplasms, in driving these mechanisms remains uncertain, but characterizing these forces may shed light on approaches to effectively eradicate HIV. A limited number of individuals have been cured of HIV infection in the setting of bone marrow transplant; information from these and other studies may identify the means to eradicate or control the virus without ART. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence and clonal expansion, along with the attempts to modify these factors as part of reservoir reduction and cure strategies.
Comparison of the transmission line and scattering models for computing the HEMP response of overhead cables

The author discusses the use of transmission line and electromagnetic scattering models for computing the induced currents on long above-ground electrical cables, subjected to a transient plane wave excitation. The pertinent equations for determining the excitation electric field along the cable are summarized, along with the expressions which relate the line current to the excitation field. For the transmission line case, the cable current can be expressed in terms of per-unit-length impedance and admittance parameters which are functions of only the line geometry and the frequency. For the scattering case, similar line parameters can be inferred from the form of the solution for the current, but with the line parameters depending on the angles of incidence. Several numerical calculations of the line responses are provided, and these indicate that the transmission line analysis appears to provide response estimates which are smaller than those obtained using the more accurate scattering theory. >
Relevance Lost: The Rise and Fall of Management Accounting

"Relevance Lost" is an overview of the evolution of management accounting in American business, from textile mills in the 1880s and the giant railroad, steel, and retail corporations, to today's environment of global competition and computer-automated manufacturers. The book shows that modern corporations must work toward designing new management accounting systems that will assist managers more fully in their long-term planning. It is the winner of the American Accounting Association's Deloitte Haskins & Sells/Wildman Award Medal. It is also available in paperback: ISBN 0875842542.
An analysis of some critical error sources in static GPS surveying

Some critical error sources in static GPS surveying and methods to reduce these errors on baseline determinations are investigated. Ambiguity search strategies in rapid static surveying are discussed and some modifications are explored. Based on the assumption that the impact of the periodic multipath error on code and carrier phase measurements can be minimized by averaging the observations, an attempt is made to estimate the site occupation time in order to correctly resolve the integer ambiguities using spectral analysis in postprocessing mode. The relationship between code and carrier phase multipath is investigated. For single frequency users, an ionospheric model is developed by using code and carrier phase measurements. The accuracy of this model and results of baselines by applying this model are analysed.
AGILE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT AND REUSABILITY

The increased speed and change in business world increased the need to develop software faster and cheaper as well as higher quality and more adaptable to constant change. New software development methods were developed and named as being agile. Despite the variety of literature about agile software development, we could not find any that would discuss possible bottlenecks of agile software development. However, according to Goldratt [10] every process has a bottleneck – a weakest link in the chain that limits throughput. Identifying and eliminating bottlenecks, it will increase throughput what leads to more profit. Reusability is one of the bottlenecks of Agile Software Development process. Reusability finds limited scope in Agile Software Development and therefore adding reusability to Agile Software Development is a challenge. Essence of Agile Software Development is rapid software development and less cost. Thus, somewhere it compromises with quality and also unable to provide reusability of its developed components. Agile Software Development provides specific solutions whereas Reuse and Component based Development believe in generalized solutions.
NICKEL HYDROXIDE DECORATED GRAPHENE NANOHYBRIDS FOR SUPERCAPACITORS

Limited by poor conductivity and high internal resistance, pure Ni(OH)2 employed as an electrode could cause obvious voltage drop and low charge-discharge efficiency. Decorating Ni(OH)2 on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) could improve the conductivity and reduce polarization of Ni(OH)2. Meanwhile, the problem of low specific capacity of GO can also be solved. In this paper, Ni(OH)2 decorated graphene nanohybrids were prepared by hydrothermal method with NiSO4 as the precursor, and the effect of Ni(OH)2 content on the electrochemical performance of the sample was studied. The prepared electrodes can be applied to high-capacity and high-power supercapacitors.
IRF7 is a Prognostic Biomarker and Associated with Immune Infiltration in Stomach Adenocarcinoma

Background Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most prevalent malignances, ranking fifth in incidence and third in mortality among all malignances. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play a vital role in immune response and tumor cellular biological process. The roles of IRFs in STAD are far from being systematically clarified. Methods A series of bioinformatics tools, including GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER, Kaplan–Meier plotter and LinkedOmics, were applied to explore the expression and clinical significance of IRFs in STAD. Results IRF3/7 expression were upregulated in STAD in sub-group analyses based on race, gender, age, H. Pylori infection status, histological subtypes, tumor grade, individual cancer stages, and nodal metastasis status. High IRF3/7 expression were associated with poor overall survival (OS), post-progression survival (PFPS) and first progression (FP) in STAD. IRF3 and IRF7 were altered in 5% and 6% of all TCGA STAD patients. Further analysis revealed that IRF7 was significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells (B cells, Neutrophils and Dendritic cells) and the expression of most immune biomarkers. Enrichment analysis indicated that IRF7 was mainly involved in adaptive immune response, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Necroptosis, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. We also identified several IRF7-associated kinase and miRNA targets in STAD. The result of verified experiment revealed that ITF7 expression was increased in STAD tissues compared with normal tissues and prognosis analysis revealed that STAD patients with high IRF7 expression had a poor overall survival. Conclusion IRF7 is upregulated in STAD and associated with poor OS, PPS and FP. Moreover, IRF7 is significantly associated with the abundance of immune cells and the expression of most immune biomarkers, suggesting that IRF7 is as a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltration in STAD.
Novel spatially distributed porous Si optical bandpass filters

To assist the growth of the telecommunication sector, new types of optical components such as those based on optical interference filter technology are critical. Existing technologies based on thin-film processing for production of optical communications filters have rapidly advanced. Although the Fabry-Perot bandpass filters made by deposition of alternate layers with high- and low- refractive index have a broad rejection band and a narrow passband, this technique does not allow for the control of filter parameters such as specification and adjustment of the transmitted wavelength at any place across the surface of the filter. The new approach discussed in the paper is directed toward the anodization of silicon to fabricate not only multilayer optical filters with a uniform passband across the field of view but also specially designed passbands at any single point in the field of view of the optical system. In particular, the realization and characterization of spatially distributed filters made of porous silicon are presented. These filters are able to select various passbands in the visible and IR regions. The filters were fabricated on p+ and p - type doped substrates. By varying the electrode configuration on the backside of wafer and the applied potential during electrochemical etching, the desired spatially distributed filter can be formed. The impact of wafer resistivity on filter parameters is discussed.
Photographic strain monitoring during full-scale failure testing of Örnsköldsvik bridge

Full-scale failure tests are rarely performed on structures, primarily due to their high costs and the lack of suitable test objects. This article reports the results of a ‘test-to-failure’ performed using a real bridge. The results obtained in such tests are valuable for assessing analytical models, updating finite element models and investigating the real behaviour of structures. The specific intention in these experiments was to study the shear failure of the bridge, which is a less well-understood mode of failure than is bending. To this end, it was necessary to strengthen the bridge using near-surface-mounted reinforcements made of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer bars in order to prevent bending failure. The bridge was heavily monitored during the test, using both traditional sensors such as electrical strain gauges and linear variable differential transducers alongside new monitoring systems such as fibre-optic sensors, strain rosette linear variable differential transducers and a novel photographic monitoring system. This article presents the photographic strain measurements and describes the use of the photographic tools in monitoring and characterizing the behaviour of the failure zone during the full-scale test. The strains measured using the photographic method were found to agree well with those measured using classical strain gauges. In addition, the strain contour plots generated using the photographic method provided crucial insights into the strains within the bridge’s failure zone. This study was conducted under the remit of the EU ‘Sustainable Bridges’ Project.
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Superimposed on Movement and Isoinertial Training for Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain: A Case Report and Literature Review

Objectives: Assessing the effectiveness of a novel exercise protocol, with Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation superimposed on movement (NMES+) and isoinertial training for the treatment of Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain (RCRSP) in a master swimmer. Design: Case report. Participant: The patient was a 44-year-old master swimmer who began complaining of shoulder pain after the Italian Championships tournament. Following an orthopedic examination the subject was diagnosed with supraspinatus tendinopathy and commenced a period of rest, corticosteroids and electrotherapy which led to no benefit to his shoulder symptoms. Subsequently, a structured exercise rehabilitation program including NMES superimposed on movement and isoinertial training was started with the aim of returning to sport avoiding a surgical intervention. Rehabilitation exercise proposal: A step-by-step rehabilitation exercise protocol was proposed focusing on load and exercise progression with the goal of strength, power and mobility recovery. NMES+ was used to support early rehabilitation, while isoinertial training was used in the mid-late stage of the rehabilitation process. Conclusion: The protocol allowed the subject to successfully return to autonomous gym training and swimming in 10 and 11 weeks respectively, following the rehabilitation exercise program. The novel NMES and isoinertial training approaches may be considered as promising tools in RCRSP rehabilitation.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF FINGERPRINT BASED BIOMETRIC SYSTEMS

: Biometric systems are increasingly substituting for conventional passwords and token based systems in authenticated computer. When designing a biometric system the two most important issues are protection and recognition accuracy. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis based on the latest advances in the field of biometrics(fingerprint-based) which address all of these systems with an direction to enhancing system security and accuracy identification. We will highlight shortcomings of current research work and offer recommendations for future study based on a thorough analysis and discussion. Here we discuss the two most important strike on biometric systems, namely attacks on user interfaces and prototyping databases. In the near future, research emphasis will be on how to establish effective countermeasures to thwart these attacks, thereby providing good defense while retaining high identification accurac y. In addition, accurac y of identification is more likely to be unsatisfactory in non-ideal situations and bus needs careful consideration in the design of biometric systems.
Model-Based Predictive Control of Workpiece Accuracy in Bar Turning

In this paper a real-time model-based geometric control system is proposed for workpiece accuracy in bar turning. An on-line ultrasonic measurement system that operates in the presence of cutting fluid is employed for workpiece diameter measurement. A state space mechanistic model is used to overcome the delay in the feedback loop. A Kalman Filter is used in a predictor-corrector fashion to update model predictions using on-line measurements. A full state feedback controller with an integral control action is designed and used to manipulate the tool position in real-time for machining error compensation. The performance of the proposed control strategy is evaluated through cutting experiments performed on a CNC turret lathe retrofitted with an open architecture controller.
Optimum design of a Gregorian-corrected spherical-reflector antenna

An investigation into the performance of spherical-reflector antennas with Gregorian correctors is described with particular reference to their application in satellite-communications ground stations. Feeds comprising corrugated scalar horns propagatinga balanced HE11 hybrid mode are considered, this choice eliminates cross-polarisation components of field in the spherical-reflector aperture. The theoretical performance of the spherical reflector with various subreflector profiles is estimated by using the aperture-field method to calculate the antenna-gain factor, far-field radiation pattern and overall efficiency as functions of the subreflector and feed positions. An optimum subreflector profile is chosen on the basis of maximum overall efficiency for a particular feed and antenna-scan angle. It is concluded that, for conventional scalar horns, the side-lobe level of the far-field radiation pattern is rather high, being about −11.5 dB with a corresponding gain factor of 0.85 and an overall efficiency of 0.65 for a scan angle of ±7°. Much lower side-lobe levels can be achieved, together with high gain factors, but only with lower overall efficiency. The spherical-reflector-antenna performance is compared to that of a front-fed paraboloid with the same feed and a higher efficiency is predicted for the former antenna. Preliminary consideration is given to the design of a dualmode feed so as to provide an additional tracking pattern, also to initial mechanical-design aspects.
“Crowds” of Amateurs & Professional Entrepreneurs in Marketplaces

Digital platform-based marketplaces often have a wide variety of amateurs working alongside professional enterprises and entrepreneurs. Can a platform owner alter the number and mix of market participants? I develop a theoretical framework to show that amateurs emerge as a distinct type of market participant, subject to different market selection conditions, and differing from professionals in quality, willingness to persist on the platform, and in mix of motivations. I clarify how targeted combinations of tweaks to platform design can lead the “bottom to fall out” of a market to large numbers of amateurs. In data on mobile app developers, I find that shifts in minimum development costs and non-pecuniary motivations are associated with discontinuous changes in numbers and types of developers, precisely as predicted by theory. The resulting flood of low-quality amateurs is in this context is associated with equally significant increases in numbers of high-quality products.
FEATURES OF INTERIOR DESIGN OF SOCIAL HOUSING

The purpose of the study are analysis and definition of the main functional-planning, artistic and aesthetic features of the formation of interiors of social housing and development of proposals for their modern design solutions. Methodology. Theoretical and practical research methods were used, namely analysis of scientific and popular literature on the research topic, generalization of approaches to functional-planning and stylistic solutions of social housing based on analysis of design experience, experimental computer modeling using ArchiCAD and 3DsMax. Results. Based on the analysis of research and modern practice of formation of social housing, the methods of functional-planning and artistic-aesthetic organization of the internal environment of social housing and its subject-spatial content are revealed. Features and examples of rational interior design solutions for small apartments are considered. The scientific novelty lies in the generalization of previous research on this topic and the identification of functional and planning features of the formation of the subject-spatial environment of social housing of small apartments and providing suggestions for the design of their interiors. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in their introduction into the modern practice of designing social housing with economical small apartments and in the development of interiors of their internal subject-spatial environment.
ESTIMATION OF THE RESULTS OF MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION ON BEATING HEART AT THE DIFFERENT COMPLICATED FORMS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE

Objective: estimation of beating heart coronary bypass operations at patients with the ischemic heart disease and its complicated forms and comparative estimation of its results with the operations performed by using cardiopulmonary bypass. Material and methods. We have analyzed 280 patients with the ischemic heart disease and its complicated forms. These patients were divided into two groups: first group – 142 patients who undergone On-Pump coronary bypass surgery and second group – 138 patients whom performed Off-Pump coronary revascularization. The inclusion criteria were following: patients with ischemic heart disease with its complicated forms, like as, decreased contractility of myocardium, left ventricle aneurysm, ischemic mitral insufficiency. Results. In all cases were performed coronary bypass grafting operations. 142 patients undergone coronary bypass grafting operation with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and the rest 138 cases were performed on the beating heart. We have estimated the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction, stroke and the clinical data of all operated patients. Conclusion. Coronary bypass grafting operations at the patients with the ischemic heart disease and its complicated forms shows good results at the shot-term postoperative follow up, which can lead to the improvement of quality of life. At the presence complications such as calcified lesions of aorta, it is better to perform coronary bypass grafting on beating heart with the use No-Touch Aorta technique, by the meaning of the minimization of various neurologic complications.
Sudep – Risk Factors, Protective Factors and Pathophysiological Mechanisms: a systematic review

Introduction: Sudden Unexpected Death In Epilepsy (SUDEP) is the main cause of premature death in patients with epilepsy. The pathophysiology is not clear, however there are risks and protective factors described in the literature. Objective: To gather the data of these variables and elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms. Methods: Literature review of free full articles from PubMed database from 2000 to 2019, in English, with an impact factor higher than 1, carried out in humans. As keywords were used “SUDEP”; “Epilepsy”; “Sudden Death”; “Seizure” resulting in 130 articles, and 44 reflecting the objectives. Results: A total of 11 case control and 10 cohort studies was analyzed and the risks and protective factors were presented. Among the risks were found: nocturnal seizure, frequencies, young adults, generalized tonic-clonic (GTCS) type and others. Some of protective factors were adherence to treatment, night supervision and having pets. Discussion: There are evidences that cardiorespiratory and autonomic systems interfere on the phisiopatology. Conclusion: More studies are necessary to elucidate all the involved mechanisms.