Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Important dynamic indices in spatial models

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, in the context of a spatial model we generalize two indices. One is a dynamic generalization of the emanating effect that was introduced by Kelejian and colleagues. This index describes how events in one unit spill over time to other units due to spatial interactions. As an analogy, it corresponds to the effect that the smoking habits of a given teenager might have on the smoking habits of each of his/her friends. In a sense, our second index, termed the vulnerability index, is the reverse of the first one in that it describes the response of a given unit over time to events in neighbouring units. The analogy here would be how the smoking habits of a given teenager is affected by the smoking habits of all of his/her friends. Second, we empirically implement our indices in the context of a model explaining GDP per capita growth in various countries. In this context the vulnerability index describes the sensitivity of GDP growth in one country with respect to events in other countries; the emanating effect describes how events in one country effect the GDP growth in other countries. Resumen Este articulo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, y dentro del contexto de un modelo espacial, generalizamos dos indices. El primero es una generalizacion dinamica del efecto de emanacion introducido por Kelejian y colaboradores. Este indice describe como lo que sucede en una unidad se extiende con el paso del tiempo a otras unidades por motivos de interacciones espaciales. A modo de analogia, se corresponde con el efecto que podria tener el habito de fumar de un adolescente en el habito de fumar de cada una de sus amistades. En cierto sentido, nuestro segundo indice, denominado indice de vulnerabilidad, es lo contrario del primero ya que describe la respuesta de una unidad a lo que sucede en unidades vecinas con el paso del tiempo. La analogia en este caso seria el efecto que podrian tener los habitos de fumar del conjunto de amistades de un adolescente en particular en su consumo de tabaco. En segundo lugar, realizamos una implementacion empirica de nuestros indices dentro del contexto de un modelo que explica el crecimiento per capita del PIB en varios paises. Dentro de este contexto, el indice de vulnerabilidad describe la sensibilidad del crecimiento del PIB de un pais en relacion con lo que sucede en otros paises, mientras que el efecto de emanacion describe como lo que sucede en un pais afecta al crecimiento del PIB de otros paises.
THE DESIGN OF A NATIONWIDE SAMPLE FOR ROMANIAN YOUTHS LIVING IN RURAL AREAS: A MULTIPLE SOLUTION PROBLEM

This paper looks into methodological issues of sample design for a specific target population Romanian youths (aged 16-35) that reside in rural areas. The first part of the paper will provide an overview into general issues that come from demographic trends, such as the overall population decline and especially the wave of emigration to Western Europe, and the pros and cons of the most widely used sampling techniques in Romania. The stages of the survey design itself comprise the second part. The most challenging part was how to reduce undercoverage problem by putting forward a sample frame, namely fieldwork procedures to identify as many elements of the target population as possible under real-life conditions. Multiple solutions were taken into consideration, before choosing one after field testing. The final part features an analysis of the survey focusing on the outcome of the sample design.
Kratom in Thailand

In early 2010, the Thai Office of the Narcotics Control Board (ONCB) developed a policy proposal to review different aspects of the criminal justice process in relation to drug cases. The possibility of decriminalising the indigenous psychoactive plant, kratom, was included in the ONCB’s proposal for consideration by the Ministry of Justice. This briefing paper provides an overview of issues related to kratom legislation and policy in Thailand as well as a set of conclusions and recommendations to contribute to a reassessment of the current ban on kratom in Thailand and the region. The briefing is based on desk research of existing documentation as well as field research carried out in October and November 2010 in Bangkok, Surat Thani, Trang, Satun, Songkhla, and Hat Yai in Thailand.
A judgmental reconstruction of modal logic

We reconsider the foundations of modal logic, following Martin-Löf's methodology of distinguishing judgments from propositions. We give constructive meaning explanations for necessity and possibility, which yields a simple and uniform system of natural deduction for intuitionistic modal logic that does not exhibit anomalies found in other proposals. We also give a new presentation of lax logic and find that the lax modality is already expressible using possibility and necessity. Through a computational interpretation of proofs in modal logic we further obtain a new formulation of Moggi's monadic metalanguage.
Effects of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) leaf and seeds on biochemical and hematological feature

The aim of current research to examine the effect of dried leaves, DL, and seeds, SE. of Coriandrum sativum on some biological and hematological traits. 30 male rabbits aged (93-115) days, separated randomly into 3 equal groups, treatment 1, T1, taken the basal meal represented as control group, and other treatments, T2 and T3, supplemented the basal nutrition mixed with 5% of DL and SE, respectively, for 12 weeks. At the termination of experiment, blood and sera samples collected and separated for estimating hematological and biochemical traits, as well as, liver was collected for histological study. The statistical evaluation of T3 results was demonstrated a raising in hematological parameters significantly (P<0.05) in comparison with T2 and T1. Additionally, the concentration of serum globulin and protein elevated significantly (P<0.05) in rabbits provided SE and DL in comparison with rabbits in T1 group. Besides, the values of AST, ALT and glucose showed a decline (P<0.05) in rabbits given DL and SE C.sativum comparing T1. The histological studies of liver in T3 rabbits same as that of control rabbits. In conclusion, ground seeds of C sativum could improve the histological, serological and biochemical features more than dried leaves.
Promoting sustainability of herbs and spices from Simalungun based on its bioactive compound in traditional food tinuktuk

Bioactive compounds are associate with oxidative stress resistance and inflammation. Tinuktuk is a traditional Simalungun food made from herbs and spices. By knowing the bioactive compounds of tinuktuk traditional food, local heritage will not be lost and the sustainability of herbs and spices can maintain species loss. The purpose of this study was to promote the sustainability of herbs and spices from Simalungun based on bioactive compounds in tinuktuk. The ingredients that used in three types of tinuktuk formulations consisted of various herbs and spices. In addition, various chemicals according to the procedure for determining flavonoid, phenol, alkaloid and saponin levels. The results concluded that tinuktuk of formulation B has the highest levels of flavonoids which was 5.137 ± 0.236 Mg QE/g extract, meaning that in every gram of tinuktuk extract, there was flavonoid equivalent to 5.137 mg of quercetin. Alkaloids content which was 34.085 ± 0.665%, saponins content which was 1.989 ± 0.139%, and the highest phenolic content test result was formulation B, which was 22.913 ± 0.474 Mg GAE / g extract, meaning that in every gram of tinuktuk extract, there were phenolics equivalent to 22.913 mg of gallic acid.
Beginning of the Apennine subduction system in central western Mediterranean: Constraints from Cenozoic “orogenic” magmatic activity of Sardinia, Italy

Major and trace element analyses plus six new 40Ar/39Ar data obtained on feldspar separates for selected igneous rocks belonging to the Oligo‐Miocene igneous activity of Sardinia are reported here. The rocks show “subduction‐related” geochemical characteristics, ascribed to the metasomatic modification of a mantle wedge developed above a W/NW directed subduction system involving the recycling of Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere beneath the southern European margin. The 40Ar/39Ar data shift back the beginning of the igneous activity in Sardinia to late Eocene (38.28 ± 0.26 Ma), whereas the end of the igneous activity is possibly shifted forward to late middle Miocene (12.24 ± 0.98 Ma). We therefore propose to rename the Oligo‐Miocene igneous phase as the “late Eocene–middle Miocene” phase. Rare earth element inversion modeling on subduction‐related volcanic rocks of Sardinia requires equilibrium with spinel‐lherzolite facies, therefore implying depths of formation lower than ∼80 km. To reach these depths, a 45° dipping slab needs ∼11 to ∼4 Myr (with 1 to 3 cm/yr subduction velocity, respectively), reducing the beginning of Apennine subduction to the ∼49–42 Ma interval. The different models proposed in literature to explain the origin and the evolution of the central western Mediterranean basins are here reviewed and critically discussed.
Rheological and functional characteristics of starch and flour on different drying methods from Beneng Taro as sustainability products from agricultural in Banten

Beneng Taro is a type of taro found in Banten agricultural but has not been appropriately utilized. The drying process is critical since temperature changes will result in various properties. This research aimed to evaluate the rheology and functional characteristics of starch and flour made from Beneng Taro dried in the sunlight and hot air as sustainability products of it. This research contains the extraction of starch, the production of flour, and characterizing the starch and flour produced. The rheological characteristics of the flour and starch from the can be model using the Herschel-Bulkley. Starch and flour showed non-Newtonian shear-thinning flow characteristics, according to the flow behavior index. The difference in the consistency index value of flour is significant, where flour dried with sunlight shows a higher value. Both starch and flour show a sharp decrease in viscosity at low shear rates. The value of the starch and flour’s swelling power shown that cabinet drying was superior to drying outdoors in the sun. The solubility index undergoes the same phenomenon. In contrast to water and oil holding capacity, sun drying shows a higher value. Knowing the characteristics of the starch and flour produced can be applied as a food source.
Frontal structure and thermohaline intrusions in the South Sea of Korea from observed data and a relocation method

[1] To investigate the spatial variation and temporal evolution of a shelf front within 50 km by 50 km area in the central south sea of Korea, shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler current measurements and a hydrographic survey along closely spaced conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) stations were conducted across the shelf front from 17 to 18 November 2003. The cross-frontal structures drastically changed during the 25 hour CTD survey because cross-frontal intrusions produced thermohaline inversions in the sloped pycnocline layer. Spatial fields of temperature and salinity are constructed here using a retrogressive vector diagram method, which relocate CTD stations using the observed currents data. In agreement with satellite-observed sea surface temperature, the surface temperature distribution obtained from hydrographic data relocation reproduces the meandering surface front with an amplitude larger than 15 km and a wavelength of 30∼35 km. The constructed subsurface temperature and salinity fields on isopycnal surfaces reveal that the intrusions within the pycnocline layer are the crests and troughs of meandering internal fronts with vertically lagged phase. Advection of the internal fronts by strong mean flow and tidal currents is found to explain short-period variations of frontal structure. Stability analysis of the intrusion slope and the vertical phase dependence of the internal fronts suggest that the multilayered intrusions are primarily generated by baroclinic instabilities caused by the strong vertical shear in the mean flow. Analysis of along-intrusion density ratio suggests that double diffusion can occur in our baroclinic frontal zone but its contribution to the generation of intrusion be small.
A Firmware Update Architecture for Internet of Things

Vulnerabilities with Internet of Things (IoT) devices have raised the need for a solid and secure firmware update mechanism that is also suitable for constrained devices. Incorporating such update mechanism to fix vulnerabilities, to update configuration settings as well as adding new functionality is recommended by security experts. This document lists requirements and describes an architecture for a firmware update mechanism suitable for IoT devices. The architecture is agnostic to the transport of the firmware images and associated meta-data.
Propriedades acústicas (velocidade de propagação e coeficiente de atenuação) de sedimentos marinhos coletados nas proximidades da Ilha do Cabo Frio, RJ

Acoustic properties (wave propagation velocity and attenuation coefficient) of marine sediments are related to grain-size. In laboratory, an ultrasonic system of 2.25 MHz was implemented to take measures of compressional wave propagation. Nine (9) piston-cores were collected, totaling twelve (12) meters of sediment. Before splitting the cores, approximately 2,550 measurements were taken. Results permitted to construct sound speed profiles and 3D attenuation coefficient diagram in the frequency domain. Interfaces between sedimentary layers were also identified. The highest value of sound speed (1,752 m/s) was measured in medium sands. Sandy mud and consolidated mud registered the lowest values of this research (1,492 and 1,498 m/s, respectively), indicating a trend of increased Vp related to increased grain-size. The highest values of attenuation coefficient (1,750 and 1,550 dB/m, respectively) were measured in muddy sands and sandy mud, for the reference frequency 1.6 MHz. The lowest values were registered by fine sands and fluid mud (400 and 500 dB/m). These results indicate that cohesive sedimentscomposed by heterogeneous mixtures have higher values of attenuation.
Impact of El Niño–southern oscillation on Indian foodgrain production

The impact of El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) on Indian foodgrain production was analysed for the period 1950–99. The inverse relationship between sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies from June to August (JJA) over the NINO3 sector of the tropical Pacific Ocean and Indian foodgrain production anomalies (r = −0.50) was significant at the 1% level. During the warm ENSO phase, the total foodgrain production frequently decreased (12 out of 13 years) by 1 to 15%. In 10 out of 13 cold ENSO‐phase years, the total foodgrain production increased from normal. The relationship between the SST‐based NINO3 ENSO index and the Kharif season (June–September) foodgrain production anomalies (r = −0.52) was greater than for the Rabi season (October–February) foodgrain production (r = −0.27). The ENSO impact on rice production was greatest among the individual crops. The average drop in rice (Kharif season crop) production during a warm ENSO‐phase year was 3.4 million tonnes (7%). In a cold ENSO‐phase year the average production increase was 1.3 million tones (3%). Wheat (Rabi season crop) production was also influenced by ENSO, as it depends on the carryover soil water storage from the Kharif season. Sorghum and chickpea production are not significantly influenced by ENSO extremes.
The In Situ Vitrification Integrated Program: Focusing an innovative solution on environmental restoration needs

The objective of the In Situ Vitrification (ISV) Integrated Program is to ensure that ISV is a viable alternative for DOE environmental restoration applications. The program focuses ISV development activities upon DOE-wide environmental remediation needs and resolves issues inhibiting timely implementation on DOE sites. currently the ISV Integrated Program is focused on contaminated soil sites but is also resolving some key issues that are common to soils and to potential future applications such as buried waste and underground structures. This paper describes the status and current focus of the ISV Integrated Program.
Music Technology

The Minor in Music Technology is intended for students with a background or interest in recording, creating, or producing audio for music or visual media. There are two tracks available to suit composers, producers/recording engineers, or both. This minor gives students the opportunity to study and apply the theories and techniques required for successful audio production using a digital audio workstation as well as composition, sound design, audio in multimedia applications, and programming using various software and hardware tools.
Radar Sea Returns—Ocean-Ripple Spectrum and Breaking-Wave Influence

Abstract Radar cross sections reported by Guinard et al. are normalized with respect to their mean value obtained with different bands but at the same wind velocity. The results confirm that there are significant differences between returns with VV and HH polarizations. The VV-polarized returns, being associated more closely with distributed ocean ripples, support the equilibrium spectrum of ocean waves k−3.5 with the wavenumber k 0.5 rad cm−1), the HH-returns retain the trend of increasing continuously with the Bragg wavenumber; this is believed to be caused by the surface roughness produced by individual breaking waves. Contributions of returns produced by each mechanism are then discussed for radars having various bands. Functional, power-law type, dependence of returns on the wind-frictio.
Postfire rehabilitation of the Hayman Fire

Our team was asked to analyze and comment on the existing knowledge and science related to postfire rehabilitation treatments, with particular emphasis on the known effectiveness of these treatments. The general effects of fire on Western forested landscapes are well documented (Agee 1993; DeBano and others 1998; Kozlowski and Ahlgren 1974) and have been thoroughly discussed in other chapters of this report. However, postfire erosion and rehabilitation treatment effectiveness have not been studied extensively.
Control Over Gaussian Channels With and Without Source–Channel Separation

—We consider the problem of controlling an unstable linear plant with Gaussian disturbances over an additive white Gaussian noise channel with an average transmit power constraint, where the signaling rate of communication may be different from the sampling rate of the underlying plant. Such a situation is quite common since sampling is done at a rate that captures the dynamics of the plant and that is often lower than the signaling rate of the communication channel. This rate mismatch offers the opportunity of improving the system performance by us-ing coding over multiple channel uses to convey a single control action. In a traditional, separation-based approach to source and channel coding, the analog message is ﬁrst quantized down to a few bits and then mapped to a channel codeword whose length is commensurate with the number of channel uses per sampled message. Applying the separation-based approach to control meets its challenges:
Data-driven methods for the automatic generation of multiple-choice reading comprehension questions from Swedish texts

Multiple choice questions (MCQs) are widely used for summative assessment in many different subjects. The tasks in this format are particularly appealing because they can be graded swiftly and automatically. However, the process of creating MCQs is far from swift or automatic and requires a lot of expertise both in the specific subject and also in test construction. This thesis focuses on exploring methods for the automatic MCQ generation for assessing the reading comprehension abilities of second-language learners of Swedish. We lay the foundations for the MCQ generation research for Swedish by collecting two datasets of reading comprehension MCQs, and designing and developing methods for generating the whole MCQs or its parts. An important contribution is the methods (which were designed and applied in practice) for the automatic and human evaluation of the generated MCQs. The best currently available method (as of June 2023) for generating MCQs for assessing reading comprehension in Swedish is ChatGPT (although still only around 60% of generated MCQs were judged acceptable). However, ChatGPT is neither open-source, nor free. The best open-source and free-touse method is the fine-tuned version of SweCTRL-Mini, a foundational model developed as a part of this thesis. Nevertheless, all explored methods are far from being useful in practice but the reported results provide a good starting point for future research.
Influence factors of the survival in colorectal cancer patients with second primary malignancy after surgery: A SEER database analysis

The survival rate is significantly reduced in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) who developing a second primary malignancy (SPM), and however, little has known about the factors that contribute to the mortality of SPMs among CRC survivors. This study aims to explore the influence factors in both the all-cause and cancer-specific mortality of patients with SPMs after CRC surgery. Data of adult CRC patients with SPMs were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database in this retrospective cohort study. The associations between potential influence factors and all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality were explored using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses. The evaluation indexes were hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also drew pie charts to respectively reflect the distributions of SPMs sites and time interval in study population. A total of 1202 (56.14%) patients died for all-cause, and 464 (21.67%) died due to CRC. The results showed that after adjusting for covariates, age, sex, marital status, T stage of CRC, second primary cancer site, stage of SPMs, grade of SPMs, TNM stage of SPMs, and time interval were associated with all-cause mortality, while marital status, stage of CRC, T stage of CRC, chemotherapy, second primary cancer site, stage of SPMs, grade of SPMs, TNM stage of SPMs, and time interval were associated with cancer-specific mortality in patients with CRC. In addition, colon (23.5%) was the most common site of SPMs, followed by digestive system (19.0%), and the time interval between CRC and SPMs in most patients was over 5 years (28.4%). Our findings may assist clinicians to identify high-risk patients for SPMs after CRC surgery. Also, the postoperative long-term follow-up and close attention on the key systems where the SPMs may occur are of great necessary in patients with CRC.