Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of Multi-Device Services

We present a method for developing multi-device services which allows for the creation of services that are adapted to a wide range of devices. Users have a wide selection of electronic services at their disposal such as shopping, banking, gaming, and messaging. They interact with these services using the computing devices they prefer or have access to, which can vary between situations. In some cases, the services that they want to use func-tions with the device they have access to, and sometimes it does not. Thus, in order for users to experience their full benefits, electronic services will need to become more flexible. They will need to be multi-device services, i.e. be accessible from different devices. We show that multi-device services are often used in different ways on different devices due to variations in device capabilities, purpose of use, context of use, and usability. This suggests that multi-device services not only need to be accessible from more than one device, they also need to be able to present functionality and user interfaces that suit various devices and situations of use. The key problem addressed in this work is that there are too many device-service combinations for developing a service version for each device. In-stead, there is a need for new methods for developing multi-device services which allows the creation of services that are adapted to various devices and situations. The challenge of designing and implementing multi-device services has been addressed in two ways in the present work: through the study of real-life use of multi-device services and through the creation of a development method for multi-device services. Studying use of multi-device services has gener-ated knowledge about how to design such services which give users the best worth. The work with development methods has resulted in a design model building on the separation of form and content, thus making it possible to create different presentations to the same content. In concrete terms, the work has resulted in design guidelines for multi-device services and a system prototype based on the principles of separation between form and content, and presentation control.
Scenario Development for the City of Stockholm Towards a Fossil Fuel Free City by 2050

The City of Stockholm’s energy and climate goals are analyzed and projected in several scenarios. Using the year 2015 as the baseline year, a database covering the energy performance and fuel use within the City is created. This starting point is used to project the performance of the City until the year 2050. The projection is made with the use of scenarios and the simulation software LEAP by formulating scenarios that combine ongoing, planned and conceivable measures. All these scenarios aim to the reduction of emissions with the long term aim to set the City of Stockholm a fossil fuel free city by 2050. Various paths can be followed towards that goal and these are analyzed and classified based on cost and applicability. According to the simulation of scenarios, the immediate action and the long-term planning are shown to play an essential role in achieving the City’s goals. In addition, the significance of policy, the behavioral aspect and the continuous gradual development are found to be three basic pillars towards the target that the City has set. Specifically, the City should focus on energy efficiency in both generation and utilization. Available technology can help to this direction at an affordable cost and with remarkable potential. However, in order to achieve the target of an entirely fossil fuel free city by the year 2050, the City of Stockholm needs to support a shift of transportation modes towards public transport. Currently, the transportation sector has a low share of clean fuels and is likely going to be the most challenging sector to affect. Among the challenges in the transportation sector comes the fact that there is always a given risk when trying to introduce a new dominant fuel, based on assumptions of future car fleets and volatility of markets. Biofuels may for instance lead to a shortage in the market with higher biofuel and food prices as a result while changing the entire vehicle fleet takes 20 years on average. The best possible scenario does demonstrate one possible path toward a fossil fuel free City of Stockholm 2050 by taking a number of aggressive actions. This does not account for possible new technologies nor changes in the economy at large.
Learning from COVID-19: a systems approach for public health governance

The COVID-19 rapidly evolved into a global pandemic. Countries have taken measures widely to prevent and control the epidemic. China for example, has control the spread effectively, while many countries are still striving to cope with the increasing COVID-19 confirmed cases. The epidemic revealed serious problems of public health governance in many countries with long lasting social and economic consequences. This commentary reviews the pandemic response measures in five selected countries: China, Italy, the United States, Brazil and India. Building on critical reflections on the problems incurred in each country's pandemic responses, we provide a theoretical framework to reconceptualize public health as multiple types of economic goods. We further couple this reconceptualization with a systems approach to public health and wellbeing to offer new thinking on health governance. Finally, we propose suggestions for better, preventative and comprehensive epidemic prevention and health governance in an increasing urban future.
The Anatomy of Major Projects: A Study of the Reality of Project Management

Foreword The Study of Major Projects The Channel Tunnel, 1960-1975 Concorde The Advanced Passenger Train The Thames Barrier Heysham 2 and the AGR Programme Fulmar The Computerization of PAYE Giotto The Question of Success and Failure The Dimensions of Project Success The Management of Major Projects Appendix: Research Methodology Bibliography Index.
Intelligent product cross-selling system in fashion retailing using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, fuzzy logic and rule-based expert system

This chapter presents a combined use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and a product cross-selling system to perform cross-selling and up-selling for the retail industry. A smart dressing system (SDS) enabled by RFID technologies and an intelligent product cross-selling system (IPCS) have been developed. Customers’ in-store data can be collected using RFID-enabled SDS and used for promoting or cross-selling new products. The IPCS, integrating a rule-based expert system and a fuzzy screening technique, can process linguistic and categorical information to simulate fashion designers and recommend appropriate fashion product items for cross-selling. The proposed systems execute the selling strategies more effectively, which improves sales performance in the fashion retail industry.
Intruder Recognition System

In present days security of office and home has become an issue of utmost importance. A lot of methods can be used to prevent the intrusion to any place. A full-fledged mechanism known as the Intruder Recognition System is used to detect, capture and send the facial part of the intruder to the authorized owner for taking action against the intrusion. PIR sensors are used to sense the presence of any person in the vicinity of the concerned area. The PIR signals generated are sent to the ARDUINO UNO which is interfaced with the computer. The webcam is used for capturing the image. The fuzzy logic and Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is used to extract face features. The system is programmed to detect, capture and send the image. Finally the intrusion is acknowledged to the concerned authority via e-mail. Note to practitioners-Many Home automation products in market are functionally dependent and require many devices to do even a single job. To automate all the functionalities of home, lot of cost is involved. But for users of such security system, there is no feeling of immediate benefits. Recognition of intruder is foremost function which is incomplete without finding friendly faces in the video image. In the home automation and security domain integration of all functionalities will give a commercially viable product
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Dysphagia: What Have We Learned So Far and What Do We Still Need to Investigate?

Dysphagia is an underrecognized concern in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may contribute to disease exacerbations. In this review article, we share information regarding dysphagia in people with COPD, synthesizing knowledge both from the literature and from studies performed in the context of a multidisciplinary clinical pulmonary rehabilitation program at the Federal University of Santa Maria in Brazil. This narrative review presents evidence showing that awareness of dysphagia and patient-reported symptoms of dysphagia are rare in individuals with stable COPD. However, evidence from the routine collection of patient-reported symptom data using the Eating Assessment Tool 10 and about dysphagia-related quality of life using the Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire do suggest that dysphagia is experienced by some individuals with COPD. Several studies suggest that patients with stable COPD present with altered swallowing physiology on videofluoroscopic exams, including silent aspiration in a small number of these individuals. However, both patient self-report and clinical screening using the Volume–Viscosity Swallowing Test have been found to be poor predictors of these videofluoroscopic findings. We discuss the possibility that altered laryngeal sensation and respiratory–swallow discoordination play a role in dysphagia in people with COPD, and highlight assessment tasks that appear to have the highest sensitivity for detecting penetration–aspiration in this population. Finally, we review preliminary evidence suggesting that physical therapy techniques targeting altered respiratory muscle biomechanics may benefit swallowing in people with COPD. Knowledge gaps requiring further research are identified, and implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Underwater Acoustic Imaging: One-bit Digitisation

In underwater acoustic imaging (UAI), the combination of a two-dimensional (2-D) array and replicate correlation can produce 3-D images, typically of objects at a range of 2 m. A system already developed achieves the high data acquisition rate needed through one-bit sampling (sensing only the sign of the received signal). Noise added before the one-bit sampling avoids the production of ‘ghosts’ in the image. By simulation and mathematical analysis, the effects of one-bit and added noise are studied for a chirp signal, with a restriction so far to 1-D images (image amplitude versus range). Conditions are given for the avoidance of ghosts and the minimisation of ‘image noise’— noise in the image due to one-bit and added noise. A model of image noise is proposed, which is corroborated by the tests carried out to date. A general formula for the rootmean-square image noise is obtained. It has previously been suggested that filtering the signal after sampling would improve the image. However, it is shown that filtering is unnecessary and indeed makes the image worse. It is shown that a strong target can suppress evidence of a weak target because, when the strength of the return signal is raised, essentially the amplitude of the added noise must be raised to avoid ‘ghosts. ’ A general formula, giving the ratio of target strengths such that the weak target has a 50% probability of detection, is obtained.
Actual electricity savings for homes retrofit by the BPA Residential Weatherization Program

The Bonneville Power Administration operated an interim Residential Weatherization Program during 1982 and 1983 throughout the Pacific Northwest region of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and western Montana. The program offered free home energy audits and financial incentives (usually cash rebates) to help pay for installation of recommended retrofit measures in electrically-heated homes. Almost 104 thousand homes were retrofit during the two years the program operated at a cost to BPA of almost $160 million. The purpose of this study is to analyze actual electricity savings for homes that participated in the BPA program. We examine the electricity savings achieved by these homes and the relationships between actual and predicted savings. In addition, we examine those households with anomalously large and anomalously small (negative) electricity savings. These data are viewed in several ways. First, we develop overall summary statistics, then we compare the characteristics of large and small saver homes in terms of demographic, structure, and retrofit characteristics. Finally, we develop simple regression models that explain variations across households in actual electricity savings. These analyses are conducted separately for the 1982 and 1983 participants.
Anycast routing in wireless sensor networks

An emerging new type of ad hoc network, a wireless sensor network, has great potential to be used in many application areas. While each sensor network application has its own particular technical issues, network topology formation and multi-hop routing are two problems that are common to and very important for all applications. The key question is how to organize and keep the network in an optimal topology so that sensor data can be reliably and efficiently sent to sink nodes. In this thesis, we present a new approach to construct a wireless sensor network topology with a long network lifetime and high data delivery rate. Specifically, we designed an anycast routing protocol named Dynamic Anycast Routing to form anycast trees that enable a simple and efficient routing scheme. The protocol was implemented using the sensor network-oriented operating system TinyOS. The protocol was tested both in a simulation environment and on real sensor hardware. Experiments using the TOSSIM simulator demonstrate that our protocol can significantly prolong network lifetime and at the same time maintain a high data delivery rate.
A CMOS Readout Circuit for SOI Resonant Accelerometer with 4-μg bias stability and 20-μg/Hz 1/2 resolution A CMOS Readout Circuit for SOI Resonant Accelerometer with 4-μg bias stability and 20-μg/Hz 1/2 resolution

A resonant accelerometer is a device that measures the frequency changes of sense elements under applied acceleration. A typical silicon resonant accelerometer has a proof mass and two sense resonators placed at opposite sides along the axis of acceleration. When it is subject to acceleration, the proof mass will axially loads the resonant beams and cause changes of resonant frequencies. The frequency difference between the two resonant beams is the measure of the acceleration. In this work, a complete SOI resonant accelerometer is designed and fabricated in a SOIMEM process and 0.35mm CMOS technology. The MEMS device and the readout circuit die are bonded on a PCB and connected through the bonding wire. (See Fig. below) The accelerometer has achieved a bias stability of 4 μg with resolution of 20μg/Hz1/2
Madym: A C++ toolkit for quantitative DCE-MRI analysis

In dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) a sequence of MRI images are acquired to measure the passage of a contrast-agent within a tissue of interest. Quantitative DCE-MRI (DCE-MRI), in which one or more tracer-kinetic models are fitted to the contrast-agent concentration time-series, enables the estimation of clinically useful parameters of tissue microvasculature (Tofts et al., 1999).
Autonome Erkundung und Kartographierung unbekannter Innenräume durch einen Flugroboter

In dieser Arbeit wird ein Ansatz zur autonomen Erkundung und Kartographierung unbekannter Innenraume durch einen Flugroboter vorgestellt. Der verwendete innovative und echtzeitfahige SLAM-Algorithmus (engl. Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) basiert auf der Annahme uberwiegend rechtwinklig strukturierter Umgebungen. Grundidee von SLAM-Verfahren ist die Fusion einzelner optischer Messungen des Roboters an verschiedenen Orten zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten. Die Einzelmessungen werden jeweils zu lokalen Karten verarbeitet, aus denen dann eine zusammenhangende Karte entsteht. Ein wesentliches Merkmal des hier vorgestellten Algorithmus ist, dass die Eingliederung einer Messung in die bis dato bekannte globale Karte iterationsfrei erfolgt. Als Flugplattform dient ein industrieller Quadrotor der durch eine selbst konstruierte Nutzlast ICAM (engl. Intelligent Control And Measurement Unit) erweitert wurde, um den autonomen Flugbetrieb zu ermoglichen. Da so alle fur die Kartographierung und Navigation benotigten Algorithmen an Bord des Flugroboters implementiert werden konnen, ist wahrend der Mission keine Verbindung zu einer Bodenstation erforderlich. Die erzielten Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass die autonome Erkundung und Kartographierung von unbekannten Innenraumen durch einen Flugroboter moglich ist. In this work, an approach for autonomous exploration and mapping of unknown indoor environments by a flying robot is presented. The used innovative SLAM algorithm (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) works in real time and is based on the assumption of a predominant rectangular environment. The basic idea of SLAM is to merge several optical measurements collected by the robot at different positions and points of time. The global map is combined of the single measurements previously converted to local maps in each case. A key feature of the presented algorithm is the integration of a new measurement in the current global map within one step of iteration. The used flight platform is an industrial quadrotor that has been enhanced by the self-designed payload named ICAM (Intelligent Control And Measurement Unit) to realize the autonomous flight operations. Due to this, all needed algorithms for mapping and navigation can be implemented on board the flight robot and connection to a ground station during the mission is not required. The results show that the autonomous exploration and mapping of unknown indoor environments by a flying robot is possible.
Iazyk Russkogo Zarubezh'ia: Obshchie Protsessy I Rechevye Portrety

E.A. Zemskaia ed., Iazyk russkogo zarubezh'ia: Obshchie protsessy i rechevye portrety. Moskva-Wien: RAN: Institut russkogo iazyka im V.V. Vinogradova, Iazyki Slavianskoi kul'tury/Wiener Slawistischer Almanach (Sonderband 53), 2001, 492 pp. cloth.Elena Zemskaia makes a major contribution to the growing body of research on the fate of the Russian language in emigration with her latest book. Those who are familiar with Zemskaia's work will not be surprised to learn that her most recent offering features keen observational analysis and a wealth of invaluable linguistic data. This current work edited by Zemskaia, containing sections by M.A. Glovinskaia and M.A. Bobrik, examines the language of Russian emigres in five countries, Italy, Germany, USA, France, and Finland, across four waves of emigration.Language "loss" can be defined a number of different ways. In studies of language in emigration it is often used as a generic term for language attrition exhibited both by individuals over time and for intergenerational loss, language shift or loss exhibited by successive generations of emigres. Zemskaia looks at both types of loss, but she is also interested in the success stories. Her stated aim is to uncover forces at work in the spoken and written language of the Russian diaspora with a specific emphasis on factors fostering language preservation.Zemskaia presents a wealth of detail about language attrition and preservation, much of it in the form of samples from interviews and written material which were the basis of the study. The book features lengthy samples of transcripts and excerpts from correspondence and family archives. Several chapters provide examples and analysis of the language of successive members of the same family. These samples would be useful to anyone interested in the Russian diaspora, including those more interested in sociological aspects of emigration.Zemskaia avoids some potential pitfalls of language attrition studies. She stresses in her introduction that she limited her sample pool to Russian speakers and their offspring originally from the Russian Federation. She criticizes studies of loss that draw data from emigres from the non-Russian former republics of the Soviet Union, as many of them were never fully proficient native speakers of Russian. Thus Zemskaia avoids the trap of evaluating those who never fully acquired Russian as exhibiting "loss. " Another complex aspect of diaspora studies is distinguishing language attrition, loss of language, from language shift, the increasing interference of the lingua franca of the country of residence. Zemskaia's analysis of language is methodical and systematic in this regard, separating out evidence of language shift.Zemskaia begins her discussion by defining four waves of emigration. The first wave occurred after the 1917 revolution; the Second World War motivated wave two; the third wave occurred in the 1970s; the fourth wave took place at the end of the 1980s. She continues with a brief overview of the linguistic features of the speech of each wave. …
Low-frequency normal incidence ultrasonic method for thin layer characterization

A simple and robust on-line low-frequency ultrasonic through-transmission method for characterization of thin metal or polymer films at normal incidence is developed. When the layer (film) thickness h is small compared with the wavelength in the layer material, the reflection/transmission coefficient ratio R/T is proportional to frequency and the slope of the R/T spectrum carries important information on the layer properties. When the layer impedance Z is much higher than that of the immersion fluid (air or water) the slope of the R/T spectrum is proportional to the layer surface density [rho]h. If a low-impedance layer is embedded in a high-impedance medium such as polymer in metal, the slope of the R/T spectrum is proportional to the layer-specific compliance h/C, where C is the elastic modulus of the layer. To obtain the R/T spectrum, only the through-transmission coefficient of the layer needs to be measured with R calculated as [(1 [minus] T)[sup 2]][sup 1/2]. Simulations and experiments show that the proposed double through-transmission coefficient of a thin layer is independent of incident angle over at least [+-]5 degrees of angle range. Immersion measurements have been done on thin metal and ceramic foils with thicknesses ranging from 20 to 200 [mu]mmore » using 2.25 and 5 MHz transducers (h/[lambda] [approx] 0.05 with [lambda] the wavelength in the foil material). Ultrasonic data have been compared with direct measurements of the foil thickness-density product showing good agreement. It is also shown that for surface density measurements of polymer layers air coupling transducers are appropriate. « less