Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secondary aerosol formation from dimethyl sulfide – improved mechanistic understanding based on smog chamber experiments and modelling

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is the dominant biogenic sulfur compound in the ambient marine atmosphere. Low-volatility acids from DMS oxidation promote the formation and growth of sulfur aerosols and ultimately alter cloud properties and Earth's climate. We studied the OH-initiated oxidation of DMS in the Aarhus University Research on Aerosol (AURA) smog chamber and the marine boundary layer (MBL) with the aerosol dynamics and gas- and particle-phase chemistry kinetic multilayer model ADCHAM. Our work involved the development of a revised and comprehensive multiphase DMS oxidation mechanism, capable of both reproducing smog chamber and atmospheric relevant conditions. The secondary aerosol mass yield in the AURA chamber was found to have a strong dependence on the reaction of methyl sulfinic acid (MSIA) and OH, causing a 82.8 % increase in the total PM at low relative humidity (RH), while the autoxidation of the intermediate radical CH3SCH2OO forming hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF) proved important at high temperature and RH, decreasing the total PM by 55.8 %. The observations and modelling strongly support the finding that a liquid water film existed on the Teflon surface of the chamber bag, which enhanced the wall loss of water-soluble intermediates and oxidants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), MSIA, HPMTF, SO2, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid (SA) and H2O2. The effect caused a 64.8 % and 91.7 % decrease in the secondary aerosol mass yield obtained at both dry (0 % RH–12 % RH) and humid (50 % RH–80 % RH) conditions, respectively. Model runs reproducing the ambient marine atmosphere indicate that OH comprises a strong sink of DMS in the MBL (accounting for 31.1 % of the total sink flux of DMS) although less important than the combined effect of halogen species Cl and BrO (accounting for 24.3 % and 38.7 %, respectively). Cloudy conditions promote the production of SO42- particular mass (PM) from SO2 accumulated in the gas phase, while cloud-free periods facilitate MSA formation in the deliquesced particles. The exclusion of aqueous-phase chemistry lowers the DMS sink as no halogens are activated in the sea spray particles and underestimates the secondary aerosol mass yield by neglecting SO42- and MSA PM production in the particle phase. Overall, this study demonstrated that the current DMS oxidation mechanisms reported in literature are inadequate in reproducing the results obtained in the AURA chamber, whereas the revised chemistry captured the formation, growth and chemical composition of the formed aerosol particles well. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of OH-initiated oxidation of DMS in the ambient marine atmosphere during conditions with low sea spray emissions.
Central Autonomic Network Disturbance in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Pilot Study

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease of the central nervous system known to be associated with multiple behavioral symptoms (fatigue, low stamina, dizziness, etc.) combined with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction, thus implicating the central autonomic network (CAN). Postexertional malaise (PEM) is a core feature of ME/CFS, characterized by a pathological reduction in stamina in response to performing minor physical or mental tasks, often lasting at least 24 hours. Exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) allows noninvasive investigation of cortical regions of interest that may contribute to better understanding of the role of the brain disturbances in behavioral manifestations of PEM. This pilot study therefore aimed to use eLORETA to characterize changes in current density in cortical structures related to the CAN following submaximal isometric handgrip exercise in seven patients with ME/CFS and six neurotypical healthy controls (HCs). Resting EEG was recorded at pre- and posthandgrip, and 24 hours later. Findings showed that significant differences occurred immediately posttest, which were most pronounced after 24 hours, particularly in the low alpha (8–10 Hz) and low beta (13–18 Hz) frequency subbands. Together, the present findings offer support for EEG source localization techniques to investigate PEM. If confirmed, this study could provide a useful instrument for aiding functional diagnosis and evaluation of treatment outcomes.
Ganyong-kelor snack bar's glycemic index as a diet for diabetics

Background: Lack of insulin or the inability of cells to respond to insulin causes high blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia, a hallmark of diabetes. Consumption of foods with a low glycemic index and high fiber has been shown to provide the same benefits as pharmacological therapy in the control of postprandial hyperglycemia and can prevent the incidence of hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. Ganyong (Canna edulis) is a food source of carbohydrates and fiber. Kelor (Moringa oliefera) contains protein and some phytochemical compounds which have a hypoglycemic effect.Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze the glycemic index of ganyong-kelor snack bars as a diet for diabetics.Materials and Methods: Ten respondents fasted for 10 hours and checked their fasting blood glucose levels, then consumed 105 grams of bread as the reference food. Every 30 minutes after eating, the blood glucose levels were checked. In the following week, after fasted, all respondents consumed 157 grams of a ganyong-kelor snack bar and checked their blood glucose levels every 30 minutes.Results: Every 100 grams of ganyong-kelor snack bar contains 230.13 kcal, 31.97 grams of carbohydrates, 9.25 grams of fat, and 4.75 grams of protein. In this study, bread was used as a reference food. If bread was corrected with glucose as a reference food, the glycemic index of the ganyong-kelor snack bar was 38.08. The calculation of the glycemic load used the converted-glycemic index and the total carbohydrates contained in 100 grams of the food. Ganyong-kelor snack bar had a glycemic load value of 12.10. Conclusions: Ganyong-kelor snack bar had good nutritional content and was categorized as food with a low glycemic index. The hypoglycemic effect of the ganyong-kelor snack bar came from its high fiber content. Ganyong-kelor snack bar can be consumed as a healthy snack for diabetic people.
The Reliability of Ponderal Index in Predicting Short-Term Complications of Small for Gestational Age Term Infants.

The birth weight (BW) for gestational age (GA) ensure a fair assessment of the nutritional status of small for gestational (SGA) infants. Ponderal index (PI) is used to identify wasting. This study aims to evaluate the association between PI values and short-term complications of term SGA infants and evaluate the reliability of PI. A total of 489 term SGA infants were included in this retrospective study. According to the PI values, the neonates were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of infants with low PI (PI < 10th percentile) (n=45), group 2 consisted of infants with appropriate PI (PI 10th-90th percentile) (n=405) and the ones with high PI (PI> 90th percentile) (n=39) constituted group 3. Demographic and clinical data of the mothers and neonates including clinical and laboratory assessments were collected and compared statistically. No difference was observed between the groups other than the incidence of hypoglycemia, jaundice requiring treatment and hospitalization rate, which were all significantly higher in low PI group than the group 2 and 3 (p=0.01, p=0.006 and p=0.04, respectively). None of the babies had severe morbidity or died.Conclusion: Although short-term complications were higher in term SGA infants with low PI, all term SGA infants should be defined as high-risk neonates and deserve special neonatal care and surveillance to prevent short-term complications.
Compact PIFA Antenna with High Gain and Low SAR Using AMC for WLAN/C-band/5G Applications

In this paper, a novel low profile planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with high gain and low specific absorption rate (SAR) using a miniaturized artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is investigated. The performance of the PIFA antenna is analyzed with AMC to understand the contribution of AMC. The gain enhancement of the PIFA antenna is achieved by applying AMC below the antenna. Furthermore, the placement of AMC also reduces the SAR of the antenna and improves the antenna front-to-back ratio (FBR). The proposed antenna when measured has an impedance bandwidth of 4.8–6.7 GHz (33% with center frequency at 5.75 GHz) which is suitable for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), satellite uplink C-band, and sub-6 5G applications with the maximum gain of 7.6 dBi. The performance of the proposed antenna is analyzed by full-wave commercial electromagnetic software and verified by measurements.
Arm Cycle Ergometer Electro-Mechanical System Design For Post-Stroke Medical Rehabilitation

This study was done to make the electro-mechanical arm ergometer cycle system used as post-stroke patient physiotherapy. The management system was expected to set the rotary frequency according to the therapeutic needs. To set the frequency of the rotation, the PID control with rotation sensor was used as feedback. The rotating sensor used consisted of the optocoupler and a rotary encoder. Based on the research that has been done, obtained constants of Kp = 0055, Ki and Kd = 2545 = 0.00005. Constants were selected because they were the most optimum constant trial and error method. The system is made to have a more significant percentage of error of 5%. In this study, the response time values obtained for each additional mass of the load at each frequency setting result are increased.
The Effect of Increased Ozone Levels on the Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopic Signature of Wheat Cultivars and Landraces

Several studies have highlighted the negative effects of ozone (O3) on wheat development and productivity. The negative effects of O3 are mediated by changes in photosynthetic carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which are difficult and time-consuming to assess and are thus only measured sporadically throughout the plant cycle. Stable isotope measurements in grains can help integrate the effects of chronic O3 exposure over the lifespan of the plant. This particular study focuses on the extent to which the stomatal conductance and productivity of Mediterranean wheat are related to carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures under chronic O3 exposure. An open top chamber experiment was designed to analyse the effects of the pollutant on 12 Spanish wheat genotypes, which included modern cultivars, old cultivars and landraces. Four O3 treatments were considered. Stomatal conductance (gs) measurements were carried out during anthesis, and yield and nitrogen content parameters were taken at maturity, along with the carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic composition measured in grains. Modern and old cultivars responded similarly to O3 and were sensitive to the pollutant regarding yield parameters and gs, while landraces were more O3-tolerant. Grain δ13C had a strong negative correlation with grain yield and stomatal conductance across genotypes and O3 conditions, and increased under higher O3 concentrations, showing its capacity to integrate O3 stress throughout the wheat cycle. Meanwhile, a higher nitrogen concentration in grains, coupled with smaller grains, led to an overall decreased grain nitrogen yield under higher O3 concentrations. This nitrogen concentration effect within the grain differed among genotypes bred at different ages, following their respective O3-sensitivity. δ15N showed a possible indirect effect of O3 on nitrogen redistribution, particularly under the highest O3 concentration. The correlations of δ15N and δ13C to the usual effects of ozone on the plant suggest their potential as indicators of chronic ozone exposure.
The Importance of Husband Support During Childbirth in Indonesia

The Assistance of the husband during the delivery of the wife makes the process smoother. The assistance was related to various factors, including husband support. This study aims to determine the relationship between husband support and wife delivery assistance at the Sheikh Yusuf General Hospital in Gowa Regency. The study was conducted from October-November 2019. This study used a cross-sectional approach the population is all husbands who came to bring their wives in the period of October-November amounted to 385 people. The research sample was obtained by simple random sampling totaling 134 people. Data analysis was performed using SPSS with a chi-square test where the significance value was p <0.05. The results showed that the respondents in this study were mostly aged 18-24 years as many as 39.6%, the last level of education was Senior High School as much as 51.5% and working as entrepreneurs 38.8%. A small proportion of respondents in this study aged 39-45 years were 4 (3.0%), D3 education level was 4 (3.0%), and worked as a repairman 3 (2.2%). The study also showed that there were 81.3% of husbands supported childbirth and 18.7% did not. In addition, there were 64.9% of husbands accompanied their wives at delivery, and 35.1% did not accompany them. There is a relationship between the husband's support and delivery assistance (p = 0.008). It is expected that the husband can play an active role in assisting his wife so that it helps the smooth delivery process
Towards a Design Space of Haptics in Everyday Virtual Reality across Different Spatial Scales

Virtual Reality (VR) has become a consumer-grade technology, especially with the advent of standalone headsets working independently from a powerful computer. Domestic VR mainly uses the visual and auditory senses since VR headsets make this accessible. Haptic feedback, however, has the potential to increase immersion substantially. So far, it is mostly used in laboratory settings with specialized haptic devices. Especially for domestic VR, there is underexplored potential in exploiting physical elements of the often confined space in which it is used. In a literature review (n = 20), we analyzed VR interaction using haptic feedback with or without physical limitations. From this, we derive a design space for VR haptics across three spatial scales (seated, standing, and walking). In our narrow selection of papers, we found inspirations for future work and will discuss two example scenarios. Our work gives a current overview of haptic VR solutions and highlights strategies for adapting laboratory solutions to an everyday context.
Hubungan antara Parent Attachment dengan Regulasi Emosi pada Remaja

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parent attachment dengan regulasi emosi pada remaja. Remaja dengan kelekatan aman bersama orang tua, kecil kemungkinan untuk melakukan perilaku bermasalah. Dalam penelitian ini, variabel parent attachment mengacu pada teori yang dikemukakan oleh Armsden & Greenberg (2009), sedangkan variabel regulasi emosi dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada teori Gross (1998). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan eksplanasi survei. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 462 subjek. Skala yang digunakan ialah Inventory Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) oleh Armsden & Greenberg (1987) yang diadaptasi oleh Dewi (2019) yang terdiri dari 50 aitem dengan reliabilitas sebesar 0,905 dan Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) oleh Gross & John (2003) yang diadaptasi oleh Sepda (2018). Skala ini terdiri 10 aitem dan terdapat dua dimensi, yakni cognitive reappraisal dan expressive suppression dengan reliabilitas cognitive reappraisal sebesar 0,688 dan reliabilitas expressive suppression sebesar 0,604. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan teknik Spearman's Rank Order dengan bantuan software IBM SPSS 22 for Mac. Hasil penelitian uji korelasi variabel parent attachment dengan regulasi emosi cognitive reappraisal menunjukkan korelasi 0,118 dengan p = 0,006 (p<0,01) menyatakan bahwa semakin tinggi parent attachment, maka semakin tinggi cognitive reappraisal. Sementara, uji korelasi variabel parent attachment dengan regulasi emosi expressive suppression menunjukkan korelasi -0,101 dengan p = 0,015 (p<0,05) menyatakan bahwa semakin tinggi parent attachment maka semakin rendah expressive suppression.
An Assessment of Applicability of SNP Chip Developed for Domestic Goats in Genetic Studies of Caucasian Tur (Capra caucasica)

Caucasian tur (Capra caucasica) is native to Greater Caucasus Mountain Chain from Azerbaijan and Georgia in the East to Krasnodar region of Russia in the West. This species is divided into two subspecies (by some authors into species) —East-Caucasian tur and West-Caucasian tur and a subpopulation referred to as Mid-Caucasian tur. Up to date most of the genetic studies of Caucasian tur are based on mitochondrial DNA sequences and comprehensive investigation based on nuclear DNA is required for clarification of its genetic diversity and population structure. In our work, we assessed the applicability of Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip for genetic studies of Caucasian tur. Total of 15 specimens of Capra caucasica including East-Caucasian tur from Dagestan (E_TUR, n = 5), West-Caucasian tur from Karachay-Cherkessia (W_TUR, n = 5), and Mid-Caucasian tur from Kabardino-Balkaria (M_TUR, n = 5) were genotyped. After quality control, 5544 polymorphic loci, which were distributed all over 29 autosomes, were detected. The lowest number of SNPs was found on the 25th chromosome—68, and the highest on the 1st chromosome—348. It was shown that all the three groups of Caucasian tur clustered separately. A total of 2061 SNPs were common for all the populations, 594 were found only in W_TUR, 689 in E_TUR, and 530 in M_TUR. Individual heterozygosity ranged from 0.273 to 0.282 in W_TUR, from 0.217 to 0.253 in E_TUR, and from 0.255 to 0.283 in M_TUR. A clinal pattern of genetic variation was revealed. It was suggested to consider Caucasian tur a single species with several ecotypes. Thus, in our study we demonstrated that the Illumina Goat SNP50 BeadChip developed for domestic goats can be used as a useful tool for genetic studies of Caucasian tur.
Human-altered and human-transported (HAHT) soils in the U.S. soil classification system

ABSTRACT Human-altered and human-transported (HAHT) soils are widespread across the globe and are concentrated near where people live and work. Although some of the HAHT soils are significant because they can be hazardous to human, animal, and plant health, most are not mapped or classified to the same extent as agricultural soils. The purpose of this article is to discuss the occurrence, types, and importance of HAHT soils and to document the historical and proposed classification of HAHT soils in Soil Taxonomy. There are two main forms of materials that define HAHT soils: human-altered soils formed in human-altered materials (HAM) from the soil surface to 50 cm (or to bedrock if shallower) or more and human-transported soils formed in human-transported materials (HTM) from the soil surface to 50 cm (or to bedrock if shallower) or more. The HAHT soils mainly occur in urban areas, transportation corridors, mined lands, landfills, filled shallow water, and agricultural areas on anthropogenic landforms. Hazards include danger from radioactivity, pollution, content of hazardous artifacts, or presence on unstable landforms that may fail during heavy rains or earthquakes. The HAHT soils are extensive, and their extent is growing. In the past, few HAHT soils were described or classified adequately because the U.S. Soil Taxonomy system was established for agricultural and other naturally occurring soils. However, HAHT soils are now being recognized and classified in many soil classification systems at very high levels. A new soil order is proposed for U.S. Soil Taxonomy that would include the most obvious profoundly and intentionally altered HAHT soils. A discussion and justification is given for an unofficial proposal. Input will be collected from international groups of scientists, and modifications of the unofficial proposal are expected. The long-term result of establishing a new soil order will be to enable proper classification, allocation, and mapping of HAHT soils worldwide.
Scoring Models and Credit Risk: The Case of Cooperative Banks in Poland

The aim of the research presented in the article was to analyse the legitimacy of the use of scoring models in banking activities, together with the assessment of the effectiveness of this tool in reducing the high value of the NPL ratio in Polish cooperative banks on the example of banks belonging to the BPS S.A. association in the period between 2004 and 2020. We used a variety of research methods for this purpose including a depth review of the literature, analysis of statistical data regarding the sector of Polish cooperative banks, analysis of financial data of cooperative banks, construction of an econometric panel model, and the designing a questionnaire (which was later sent to the management board of selected cooperative banks). Our research confirmed the significant impact of the use of scoring models in lending activities on the value of the NPL ratio in cooperative banks. The analysed cooperative banks, which used the scoring models proposed by BIK in their lending activity, showed significantly lower values of the NPL ratio in each analysed year than banks that used other scoring models. Our study also confirmed the different direction of the impact of the models offered by BIK and individual scoring models on the value of the NPL ratio. We have also shown that the scoring models proposed by BIK have a statistically significant negative impact on the level of the NPL ratio, and the banks’ own scoring models have a statistically significant positive impact on the level of the NPL ratio.
Dexmedetomidine versus Dexamethasone as Adjuvants to Bupivacaine for Ultrasound Guided Rectus Sheath Block in Pediatric Abdominal Surgery

Background: The use of ultrasound as a guide for regional anesthesia has become common practice and a new challenge to anesthesiologists. Besides its benefits of reduced complications, it also helps in reducing the total anesthetic dose required with higher block success rates. There is also the advantage of direct observation of the pattern of anesthetic spread. Objective: To compare between dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to bupivacaine in rectus sheath block applied during pediatric abdominal surgeries. Patients and methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted at Mansoura University Children Hospital. We included a total of 60 pediatric patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. The study was conducted over the period of two years, starting from January 2019 till December 2020. Results: The mean age of the included patients was 4.7, 4.7, and 4.6 in groups C, D, and Z respectively. Operative time and duration of anesthesia did not show any significant difference between the three groups. The duration of analgesia showed a highly significant difference between the three groups. Group Z showed its superiority as it had a mean analgesic duration of 15.3 hours, followed by Group D which had mean value of 13.02 hours. Conclusion: Both dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine were efficient adjuvants to local anesthetics as they were associated with significant prolongation of the duration of analgesia, decrease in postoperative analgesia, and better patient satisfaction compared to bupivacaine alone.