Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth Cost of Code Conversions in the Split Regime

Distributed storage systems must store large amounts of data over long periods of time. To avoid data loss due to device failures, an [n, k] erasure code is used to encode k data symbols into a codeword of n symbols that are stored across different devices. However, device failure rates change throughout the life of the data, and tuning n and k according to these changes has been shown to save significant storage space. Code conversion is the process of converting multiple codewords of an initial [nI, kI] code into codewords of a final [nF, kF] code that decode to the same set of data symbols. In this paper, we study conversion bandwidth, defined as the total amount of data transferred between nodes during conversion. In particular, we consider the case where the initial and final codes are MDS and a single initial codeword is split into several final codewords (kI = λF kF for integer λF ≥ 2), called the split regime. We derive lower bounds on the conversion bandwidth in the split regime and propose constructions that significantly reduce conversion bandwidth and are optimal for certain parameters.An extended version of this paper is available at [1].
Search for heavy resonances and quantum black holes in e µ , e τ , and µτ ﬁnal states in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 13 TeV

A search is reported for heavy resonances and quantum black holes decaying into e µ , e τ , and µτ ﬁnal states in proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC during 2016–2018 at √ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 . The e µ , e τ , and µτ invariant mass spectra are reconstructed, and no evidence is found for physics beyond the standard model. Upper limits are set at 95% conﬁdence level on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for lepton ﬂavor violating signals. Three benchmark signals are studied: resonant τ sneutrino production in R parity violating supersymmetric models, heavy Z (cid:48) gauge bosons with lepton ﬂavor violating decays, and nonresonant quantum black hole production in models with extra spatial dimensions. Resonant τ sneutrinos are excluded for masses up to 4.2 TeV in the e µ channel, 3.7 TeV in the e τ channel, and 3.6 TeV in the µτ channel. A Z (cid:48) boson with lepton ﬂavor violating couplings is excluded up to a mass of 5.0 TeV in the e µ channel, up to 4.3 TeV in the e τ channel, and up to 4.1 TeV in the µτ channel. Quantum black holes in the benchmark model are excluded up to the threshold mass of 5.6 TeV in the e µ channel, 5.2 TeV in the e τ channel, and 5.0 TeV in the µτ channel. In addition, model-independent limits are extracted to allow comparisons with other models for the same ﬁnal states and similar event selection requirements. The results of these searches provide the most stringent limits available from collider experiments for heavy particles that undergo lepton ﬂavor violating decays.
Modelling spatially autocorrelated detection probabilities in spatial capture-recapture using random effects

Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are now widely used for estimating density from repeated individual spatial encounters. SCR accounts for the inherent spatial autocorrelation in individual detections by modelling detection probabilities as a function of distance between the detectors and individual activity centres. However, additional spatial heterogeneity in detection probability may still creep in due to environmental or sampling characteristics. if unaccounted for, such variation can lead to pronounced bias in population size estimates. Using simulations, we describe and test three Bayesian SCR models that use generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to account for latent heterogeneity in baseline detection probability across detectors using: independent random effects (RE), spatially autocorrelated random effects (SARE), and a twogroup finite mixture model (FM). Overall, SARE provided the least biased population size estimates (median RB: -9 – 6%). When spatial autocorrelation was high, SARE also performed best at predicting the spatial pattern of heterogeneity in detection probability. At intermediate levels of autocorrelation, spatially-explicit estimates of detection probability obtained with FM where more accurate than those generated by SARE and RE. In cases where the number of detections per detector is realistically low (at most 1), all GLMMs considered here may require dimension reduction of the random effects by pooling baseline detection probability parameters across neighboring detectors (“aggregation”) to avoid over-parameterization. The added complexity and computational overhead associated with SCR-GLMMs may only be justified in extreme cases of spatial heterogeneity. However, even in less extreme cases, detecting and estimating spatially heterogeneous detection probability may assist in planning or adjusting monitoring schemes.
The miR164a-NAM3 module confers cold tolerance by inducing ethylene production in tomato.

Due to the high sensitivity to cold, the yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are severely restricted by cold stress. The NAC transcription factor (TF) family has been characterized as an important player in plant growth, development, and stress response, but the role of NAC TFs in cold stress and their interaction with other post-transcriptional regulators such as microRNAs in cold tolerance remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that SlNAM3, the predicted target of Sl-miR164a/b-5p, improved cold tolerance as evidenced by a higher maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), lower relative electrolyte leakage (REL) and less wilting in SlNAM3-overexpression plants than wild-type. Further genetic and molecular confirmation revealed that Sl-miR164a/b-5p functioned upstream of SlNAM3 by inhibiting the expression of the latter, thus playing a negative role in cold tolerance. Interestingly, this role is partially mediated by an ethylene-dependent pathway, as either Sl-miR164a/b-5p silencing or SlNAM3 overexpression improved cold tolerance in the transgenic lines by promoting ethylene production. Moreover, silencing the ethylene synthesis genes, SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4, resulted in a significant decrease in cold tolerance. Further experiments demonstrated that NAM3 activates SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4 transcription by directly binding to their promoters. Taken together, our study identified the miR164a-NAM3 module conferring cold tolerance in tomato plants via the direct regulation of SlACS1A, SlACS1B, SlACO1, and SlACO4 expression to induce ethylene synthesis.
Calligraphy-based rehabilitation exercise for improving the upper limb function of stroke patients: protocol for an evaluator-blinded randomised controlled trial

Introduction A common complication of stroke is upper limb dysfunction. Chinese calligraphy handwriting (CCH) is an aesthetical exercise developed from the traditional way of writing in China and holds potential to become a rehabilitation method to improve upper limb functions in patients with stroke. This study aims to design a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of a customised CCH-based exercise for poststroke rehabilitation of upper limb dysfunction. Methods and analysis A single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted on 60 stroke patients. The patients will be randomly allocated into three groups: (1) conventional occupational therapy (COT) group, (2) COT+CCH group, (3) COT+Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary Program (GRASP) group. For the COT group, patients will receive COT treatment of 1 hour/day. For the COT+CCH group, patients will receive 30 mins COT treatment and 30 mins CCH training. For the COT+GRASP group, patients will receive 30 mins COT treatment and 30 mins GRASP training. All the interventions will be performed 5 days per week for a total of 3 weeks. The upper limb functions will be assessed before and after the interventions using a series of rating scales. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the Second Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai (study ID: 2020-32-01) and the Shanghai University of Sport (study ID: 102772021RT043). Results will be directly disseminated to the patients at the end of the study and to the public via publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations in conferences. Trial registration number ChiCTR 2100043036; Chinese Clinical Trials Registry.
Ipriflavone suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation in host response to biomaterials and promotes early bone healing.

AIM Emerging studies have shown that immune response to biomaterial implants plays a central role in bone healing. Ipriflavone is clinically used for osteoporosis. However, the mechanism of ipriflavone in immune response to implants in early stage of osseointegration remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of ipriflavone in early bone healing process and uncover the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Histological examination, proinflammatory cytokines, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were analyzed in a tibial implantation mouse model with intraperitoneal injection of ipriflavone. In addition, we explored the mechanism of ipriflavone in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. RESULTS In vivo, ipriflavone ameliorated host inflammatory response related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation at implantation sites characterized by reductions of inflammatory cells infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β levels. Ipriflavone treatment also showed beneficial effects on early osseointegration. Further investigations of the molecular mechanism showed that the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome acts upstream of NLRP3 oligomerization through abrogating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CONCLUSION These results revealed an anti-inflammatory role of ipriflavone in NLRP3 inflammasome activation through improving mitochondrial function. This research provides a new strategy for the development of immune-regulated biomaterials and treatment options for NLRP3-related diseases.
Association between sleep duration and incidence of type 2 diabetes in China: the REACTION study

Abstract Backgrounds: Inadequate sleep duration is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and the relationship is nonlinear. We aim to assess the curve relationship between night sleep duration and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in China. Methods: A cohort of 11,539 participants from the REACTION study without diabetes at baseline (2011) were followed until 2014 for the development of type 2 diabetes. The average number of hours of sleep per night was grouped. Incidence rates and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the development of diabetes in each sleep duration category. Results: Compared to people who sleep for 7 to 8 h/night, people with longer sleep duration (≥9 h/night) had a greater risk of type 2 diabetes (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.01–1.61), while shorter sleep (<6 h/night) had no significant difference in risk of type 2 diabetes. When the dataset was stratified based on selected covariates, the association between type 2 diabetes and long sleep duration became more evident among individuals <65 years of age, male, body mass index <24 kg/m2 or with hypertension or hyperlipidemia, no interaction effects were observed. Furthermore, compared to people persistently sleeping 7 to 9 h/night, those who persistently slept ≥9 h/night had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The optimal sleep duration was 6.3 to 7.5 h/night. Conclusions: Short or long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Persistently long sleep duration increased the risk.
Atezolizumab plus carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel versus carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel as treatments for Chinese, treatment‐naïve, stage IV, non‐squamous, non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients: A retrospective analysis

The IMpower trials reported significant effects of atezolizumab‐containing chemotherapies on Caucasian patients. Chinese patients differ from their Western counterparts in terms of driver mutations, etiologies, and regimen tolerance. In China, atezolizumab‐containing chemotherapies are not cost‐effective. Atezolizumab addition triggers grade >3 adverse events. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness and the safety profile of atezolizumab plus carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel compared to carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel in treatment‐naïve Chinese patients with confirmed stage IV, non‐squamous, non‐small‐cell lung cancer. All patients completed six cycles of 1200 mg of atezolizumab/3 weeks plus 6 mg/ml/min area‐under‐the‐curve carboplatin/3 weeks plus 100 mg/m2 nab‐paclitaxel/week (n = 115; ACN cohort) or 6 mg/ml/min area‐under‐the‐curve carboplatin/3 weeks plus 100 mg/m2 nab‐paclitaxel/week (n = 130; CNP cohort). The progression‐free survival (12.98 ± 2.57 months vs. 10.89 ± 2.18 months, p < .0001) and overall survival (38.04 ± 19.8 months vs. 33.59 ± 87 months, p = .012) of patients in the ACN cohort were higher than those of patients in the CNP cohort after 48 weeks of follow‐up. A total of 97 (84%) patients in the ACN cohort and 94 (72%) in the CNP cohort developed grade ≥3 adverse events (p = .030). A total of 84 (73%) patients from the ACN cohort and 107 (82%) from the CNP cohort died during 48 weeks of follow‐up (p = .091). The addition of atezolizumab to carboplatin and nab‐paclitaxel enhanced progression‐free and overall survival but increased the risk of grade ≥3 adverse events in Chinese, treatment‐naïve, stage IV, non‐squamous, non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients who completed treatment (Level of Evidence: III; Technical Efficacy Stage: 4).
Risk factors for deliberate self-harm in young people in rural Sri Lanka: a prospective cohort study of 22,000 individuals.

Background Over 90% of youth suicide deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries. Despite this relatively little is known about risk factors in this context. Aims Investigate risk factors for deliberate self-harm (non-fatal) in young people in rural Sri Lanka. Methods A prospective cohort study of 22,401 individuals aged 12-18 years with complete data on sex, student status, household asset score, household access to pesticides and household problematic alcohol use. Deliberate self-harm was measured prospectively by reviewing hospital records. Poisson regression estimated incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the association of risk factors with deliberate self-harm. Results Females were at higher risk of deliberate self-harm compared to males (IRR 2.05; 95%CI 1.75 - 2.40). Lower asset scores (low compared to high: IRR 1.46, 95%CI 1.12 - 2.00) and having left education (IRR 1.61 95%CI 1.31 - 1.98) were associated with higher risks of deliberate self-harm, with evidence that the effect of not being in school was more pronounced in males (IRR 1.94; 95%CI 1.40 - 2.70) than females. There was no evidence of an association between household pesticide access and deliberate self-harm risk, but problematic household alcohol use was associated with increased risk (IRR 1.23; 95%CI 1.04 - 1.45), with evidence that this was more pronounced in females than males (IRR for females 1.42; 95%CI 1.17 - 1.72). There was no evidence of deliberate self-harm risk being higher at times of school exam stress. Conclusion Indicators of lower socioeconomic status, not being in school, and problematic alcohol use in households, were associated with increased deliberate self-harm risk in young people.
Reimagining Expectations and Rigor in the College Classroom Amid the Global Pandemic: Lessons from the Field

The prolonged COVID-19 pandemic has placed postsecondary institutions in unfamiliar territory. Undoubtedly, postsecondary education must adapt to the realities of the pandemic, finding new ways to define academic expectations and rigor. Currently, COVID-19-related conversations among educators often default to focusing on students' race and economic and psychological vulnerabilities. While students' contexts must be taken into account, these dominant default discourses can also signal a dangerous lowering of faculty's expectations for some students, creating inequitable opportunities and outcomes that have unintended impacts on student learning. The purpose of this paper is to encourage faculty to reimagine rigor in the college classroom without compromising student learning. The authors intend to highlight some of the lessons learned in their own efforts to enact high expectations for students during these difficult times as they taught online synchronously and asynchronously in a non-certificated teacher education program in a community college in California and an educational doctorate program in America's southwest.
Creation of quantum knots and links driven by minimal surfaces

Abstract Using an improved numerical code we investigate the creation and evolution of quantum knots and links as defects of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The particular constraints put on quantum hydrodynamics make this an ideal context for application of geometric and topological methods to investigate dynamical properties. Evolutionary processes are classified into three generic scenarios representing (i) direct topological cascade and collapse, (ii) structural and topological cycles, and (iii) inverse topological cascade of complex structures. Several examples and test cases are studied; the head-on collision of quantum vortex rings and the creation of a trefoil knot from initially unlinked, unknotted loops are realized for the first time. Each type of scenario is studied by carrying out a detailed evaluation of fundamental geometric and dynamical properties associated with evolution. Direct topological cascade that governs the decay of complex structures to small-scale vortex rings is identified by writhe measures, while picks of total curvature are found to provide a clear signature of reconnection events. We demonstrate that isophase minimal surfaces spanning knots and links have a privileged role in the decay process by detecting surface energy relaxation of complex structures. Minimal surfaces are shown to be critical markers for energy and prove to be appropriate detectors for the evolution of complex systems.
The use of recommended interviewing practices by novice engineering designers to elicit information during requirements development

Abstract Effective stakeholder interviewing is a critical component of a design process. However, interviewing is a complex skill that is difficult for novice designers to learn and incorporate into their design practices. Few studies have investigated how novice designers apply recommended practices for interviewing stakeholders during the development of product requirements. In this research, we studied how novice designers elicited information to inform the development of product requirements during stakeholder interviews. Results included the establishment of a coding methodology developed from a systematic literature review of recommended interviewing practices that was used to reliably evaluate the use of recommended practices in novice designers’ interviews. A correlation existed between the use of recommended practices and the extent to which information gathered from interviews was incorporated into the requirements. Additionally, specific recommended practices, such as encouraging deep thinking and being flexible and opportunistic, differentiated performance among novice designers. The coding methodology could be adapted to guide the development of stakeholder interview protocols and assessment of design interview skills.
Research on the technology of detecting the SQL injection attack and non-intrusive prevention in WEB system

Among numerous WEB security issues, SQL injection is the most notable and dangerous. In this study, characteristics and procedures of SQL injection are analyzed, and the method for detecting the SQL injection attack is illustrated. The defense resistance and remedy model of SQL injection attack is established from the perspective of non-intrusive SQL injection attack and defense. Moreover, the ability of resisting the SQL injection attack of the server has been comprehensively improved through the security strategies on operation system, IIS and database, etc. Corresponding codes are realized. The method is well applied in the actual projects.
Assessment of New Onset Arrhythmias After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Using an Implantable Cardiac Monitor

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with new onset brady- and tachyarrhythmias which may impact clinical outcome. Aims To investigate the true incidence of new onset arrhythmias within 12 months after TAVI using an implantable cardiac monitor (ICM). Methods One hundred patients undergoing TAVI received an ICM within 3 months before or up to 5 days after TAVI. Patients were followed-up for 12 months after discharge from TAVI for the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), bradycardia (≤30 bpm), advanced atrioventricular (AV) block, sustained ventricular and supraventricular tachycardia. Results A previously undiagnosed arrhythmia was observed in 31 patients (31%) and comprised AF in 19 patients (19%), advanced AV block in 3 patients (3%), and sustained supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia in 10 (10%) and 2 patients (2%), respectively. Three patients had a clinical diagnosis of sick-sinus-syndrome. A permanent pacemaker (PPM) was implanted in six patients (6%). The prevalence of pre-existing AF was 28%, and 47% of the patients had AF at the end of the study period. AF burden was significantly higher in patients with pre-existing [26.7% (IQR 0.3%; 100%)] compared to patients with new-onset AF [0.0% (IQR 0.0%; 0.06%); p = 0.001]. Three patients died after TAVI without evidence of an arrhythmic cause according to the available ICM recordings. Conclusions Rhythm monitoring for 12 months after TAVI revealed new arrhythmias, mainly AF, in almost one third of patients. Atrial fibrillation burden was higher in patients with prevalent compared to incident AF. Selected patients may benefit from short-term remote monitoring. Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT02559011.
Mechanisms Causing Acantholysis in Pemphigus-Lessons from Human Skin

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune bullous skin disease caused primarily by autoantibodies (PV-IgG) against the desmosomal adhesion proteins desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and Dsg 3. PV patient lesions are characterized by flaccid blisters and ultrastructurally by defined hallmarks including a reduction in desmosome number and size, formation of split desmosomes, as well as uncoupling of keratin filaments from desmosomes. The pathophysiology underlying the disease is known to involve several intracellular signaling pathways downstream of PV-IgG binding. Here, we summarize our studies in which we used transmission electron microscopy to characterize the roles of signaling pathways in the pathogenic effects of PV-IgG on desmosome ultrastructure in a human ex vivo skin model. Blister scores revealed inhibition of p38MAPK, ERK and PLC/Ca2+ to be protective in human epidermis. In contrast, inhibition of Src and PKC, which were shown to be protective in cell cultures and murine models, was not effective for human skin explants. The ultrastructural analysis revealed that for preventing skin blistering at least desmosome number (as modulated by ERK) or keratin filament insertion (as modulated by PLC/Ca2+) need to be ameliorated. Other pathways such as p38MAPK regulate desmosome number, size, and keratin insertion indicating that they control desmosome assembly and disassembly on different levels. Taken together, studies in human skin delineate target mechanisms for the treatment of pemphigus patients. In addition, ultrastructural analysis supports defining the specific role of a given signaling molecule in desmosome turnover at ultrastructural level.