Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2013 Balochistan earthquake: An extraordinary or completely ordinary event?

The 2013 Balochistan earthquake, a predominantly strike‐slip event, occurred on the arcuate Hoshab fault in the eastern Makran linking an area of mainly left‐lateral shear in the east to one of shortening in the west. The difficulty of reconciling predominantly strike‐slip motion with this shortening has led to a wide range of unconventional kinematic and dynamic models. Here we determine the vertical component of motion on the fault using a 1 m resolution elevation model derived from postearthquake Pleiades satellite imagery. We find a constant local ratio of vertical to horizontal slip through multiple past earthquakes, suggesting the kinematic style of the Hoshab fault has remained constant throughout the late Quaternary. We also find evidence for active faulting on a series of nearby, subparallel faults, showing that failure in large, distributed and rare earthquakes is the likely method of faulting across the eastern Makran, reconciling geodetic and long‐term records of strain accumulation.
Oregon Inlet, North Carolina—A History of Coastal Change

INTRODUCTION. The continued investigation of sandy inlets along barrier islands is of fundamental importance to geomorphologists, geol­ ogists, and coastal engineers. The sedimentary deposits associated with the migration and closure of coastal inlets represent a significant seg­ ment of the geologic history of barrier islands, and the unstable nature of these features has been a challenge to engineers for decades. For this study, a typical unstable inlet along the Outer Banks of North Carolina has been isolated. The purpose is to describe the temporal responses of the inlet to forces on a high energy coast, and to couple these responses to the major inlet-shaping processes in order to demonstrate how their interaction results in specific inlet configurations.
Can resistive breathing injure the lung? Implications for COPD exacerbations

: In obstructive lung diseases, airway inflammation leads to bronchospasm and thus resistive breathing, especially during exacerbations. This commentary discusses experimental evidence that resistive breathing per se (the mechanical stimulus) in the absence of underlying airway inflammation leads to lung injury and inflammation (mechanotransduction). The potential implications of resistive breathing-induced mechanotrasduction in COPD exacerbations are presented along with the available clinical evidence.
Performance Comparison of MANET Associativity Based Routing ( ABR ) and the Improvisation Done for a More Reliable and Efficient Routing

The Associativity Based Routing (ABR) protocol is in the family of MANET on-demand routing protocol. Its distinct feature is the use of associativity ticks which is required to only form routes based on the stability of nodes, under the fact that there is no use to form a route using a node which will be moving out of the topology and thus making the route to be broken. ABR therefore emphasizes on the longevity of the routes formed. This paper compares the performance of the Associativity Based Routing (ABR) Protocol and the Enhanced Associativity Based Routing Protocol (EABR). In regards to route reconstruction mechanism improvement done in EABR, it gives a more active role to the moving node in maintaining the established route. Results of these are compared to the original based protocol which is ABR and conclusion drawn. On top of that, this paper also includes the modifications and improvements done on ABR, discusses ABAM, the On-Demand AssociativityBased Multicast Routing for Ad Hoc Mobile Networks.
Paleomagnetic data from the Philippine Sea Plate and their tectonic significance

New paleomagnetic data from Guam and Saipan have been obtained and are used, in conjunction with previously published results from around the Philippine Sea plate, to interpret the origin and history of the Philippine Sea plate. A lower Miocene direction (I=3.5°, D=54.5°, a95=17.4°, k=20.3) and a middle Oligocene direction (I=5.3°, D=68.4°, a95=12.8°, k=52.4) have been obtained from the Palau Islands. Only one reliable result, a middle Oligocene direction (I=15.1°, D=66.1°, a95=11.1°, k=20.1), has been obtained from Guam. Many characteristic remanent magnetic directions have been obtained from the lower Eocene Facpi Formation; however, the results are too scattered (k=4.5) to be considered reliable. Two reliable directions have been obtained from Saipan: a middle Miocene result (I=30.7°, D=28.1°, a95=8.4°, k=64.6), and a lower Eocene result (I=−12.0°, D=43.0°, a95=12.5°, k=16.0). Two lower Eocene results from Chichijima (I=9.5°, D=105.3°, a95=12.6°, k=6.1) and Anijima (I=−0.8°, D=91.7°, a95=16.9°, k=4.9) are the reliable results from the Bonin islands. There are two end-member interpretations for these data: (1) small scale local rotation of blocks along the plate margin, or (2) rotation of the Philippine Sea plate as a whole. To distinguish between these interpretations, we reconstructed the East Philippine Sea province back to its prerifting configuration. The rotation caused by deformation can be estimated by comparing the paleomagnetism of Guam, Saipan, and the Bonin islands to Palau. Prior to reconstruction, the older declination values are scattered. Closing the marginal basins reduces the declination scatter, and all of the islands show increasing clockwise deflection with time. This suggests that the Philippine Sea plate has rotated up to 80° clockwise and moved northward around 20° since the Eocene, and deformational rotation is a second-order feature. The finite pole of rotation of the Philippine Sea plate relative to Eurasia must be somewhere near the southeast comer of the plate, because this is the only location that is compatible with both the change in orientation and paleolatitude for the plate. These data cannot distinguish between a backarc origin or trapped crust origin for the West Philippine Sea province. The existing models require major modification to be consistent with the paleomagnetic data.
Combined Progestin-Estrogenic Contraceptive Pills May Promote Growth in Crop-Plants

Recently, there has been an increase in abundance of chemicals in the environment, especially from therapeutic usages. The effects of these deposited chemicals on the environment and human functions such as the endocrine system are of growing concern. A comparative study was conducted of the combined-effects of ethinyl estradiol and the progestin norgestrel commonly present in contraceptive tablets on the growth of flowering plants. The dicotyledon Vigna radiata (mung bean) and monocotyledon Triticum aestivum (winter wheat) were treated with progestin-estrogenic contraceptive tablets at 0.150%, 0.300%, 0.450%, 0.600% w/v using distilled water as a control over a period of 6 days. Morphological growth (percentage germination, embryonic and adventitious tissue proliferation, root length, and shoot length) was measured and chlorophyll concentrations were calculated using Arnon’s equation for each group. Morphological growth was highest in V. radiata treated with the 0.150% solution and in T. aestivum treated with the 0.450% solution. Maximal inhibition of morphological growth was observed at 0.600% in V. radiata. Progestin-estrogenic contraceptive tablets enhanced morphological growth of T. aestivum at all experimental groups compared to the control. Calculated chlorophyll concentrations were higher than the control group at all experimental conditions for both the crop-plants. Maximum chlorophyll concentrations were also found in V. radiata and T. aestivum treated with 0.150% and 0.450% w/v solutions. While the impact of these chemicals on human health remains unclear, removing these chemicals from the environment is currently not cost-efficient and may either augment or diminish crop yields.
No meat on that beautiful shore: the prehistoric abandonment of subtropical Polynesian islands

In the Pacific there are two main groups of so-called ‘mystery islands’, i.e. islands that were settled and then abandoned (or their populations died out) in prehistory. One consists of low coral islands in the equatorial zone and the other of high basaltic islands in the subtropical zone. Consideration of environmental and archaeological evidence about the latter suggests that they lay in a relatively impoverished zone of faunal resources (marine mammals, seabirds, inshore fish and invertebrates) and were also marginal to the full deployment of tropical agriculture. It is argued that vulnerability to significant faunal depletion by over-exploitation, without the ability to compensate by agricultural production provides an explanation of settlement discontinuation in the subtropical islands and potentially for the mystery islands as a whole. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal approach for segmentation of high-resolution remote sensing imagery and its applications in coastal area

The multiscale analysis method is considered as an effective way to study the remotely sensed imageries of such complex landscape system. In order to overcome the shortcoming in applications of multiresolution segmentation, a four-step approach has been brought forward for homogeneous image-object detection. This is helpful to determinate the various optimal scales for diverse ground-objects in image segmentation and the potential meaningful image-objects fitting the intrinsic scale of the dominant landscape objects. Coastal landscape is complex system composed of a large number of heterogeneous components and some of them exhibit in homogenous areas. Satisfactory results were obtained in its applications in high-resolution remote sensing imageries on anthropo-directed area. The IODA result of man-made ground object is better than nature landscape because most man-made grounds objects have evident border. If the resolution of remotely sensed imagery is high enough to display object frontier then the image-objects detection results reveal perfect in MDF object candidates.
More realistic analysis for blocking probability in SDMA systems

The proliferating demands for mobile services propel the development of increasingly sophisticated techniques to overcome wireless radio resource limitations. With the introduction of cell splitting and sectorisation in cellular communications systems, system capacity can be significantly increased. Space division multiple access (SDMA) technology along these lines has therefore gained a great deal of attention recently; intensive research on resource allocation for SDMA systems has been undertaken in the last few years. In the paper, the author carries out a realistic performance analysis for some resource allocation schemes in SDMA systems and obtains more accurate analytical results for blocking probability.
Combating drug resistance in cancer cells: Cooperative effect of green tea and turmeric with chemotherapeutic drug

The major drawback of chemotherapy regimens for treating cancer is that the cancerous cells acquire drug resistance and become impervious to further dose escalation. Keeping in mind the studied success of herbal formulations with regard to alternative treatments for cancer, we hypothesized that the use of a chemotherapeutic drug and proprietary herbal formulation, HF1 (under patent by Sri Raghavendra Biotechnologies Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India) would combat this phenomenon. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a commonly administered chemotherapeutic drug that is used to treat many cancers but also has the problem of inducing drug resistance during its regimen. We undertook the present in vitro study to test the efficacy of HF1 (which is mainly composed of green tea and turmeric) in reversing drug resistance in a 5FU-resistant cell line. To do so, we conducted a cell viability assay known as the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole (MTT) assay. The MTT assay uses a reagent that produces a color proportionally to the percentage of living cells present in the culture. Firstly, a resistant cell line of HeLa cells (HeLa-R) was cultured by slowly exposing it to gradually increasing doses of 5FU. This resistant cell line was then subjected to three treatments: i) only 5FU, ii) only HF1, and iii) both 5FU and HF1. These results were then compared to determine the relative effects of each treatment on cell survival. Results demonstrated a cooperative effect between HF1 and 5FU on the drug resistant cell line, implying that administration of HF1 with 5FU results in cell death as measured by MTT assay.
TGFβ1 Codon 10 Polymorphism and its Association with the Prevalence of Low Myopia

The goal of this project was to assess the relationships among low myopia, behavioral and demographic factors, and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the TGFβ1 gene that codes for an extra-cellular matrix (ECM) protein previously linked to scleral growth. This research study adds a unique perspective as it provides clarity to the inconclusive relationship between low myopia and TGFβ1, and it is the first such association study to include a racial demographic outside of Asia. Genetic data was obtained using real-time PCR, and behavioral and demographic data were acquired through surveys. Genetic results indicated that the variant C allele, and in particular the TC genotype, is associated with the prevalence of low myopia. It was further concluded that the C allele is associated with a greater severity of low myopia and that Asian Indians and East Asians are more likely to have the variant C allele than those of European ancestry. The study also found that environmental factors such as increased reading time, decreased non- stationary exercise, overall reading distance, and other factors are associated with an increased prevalence of myopia. These findings could be helpful in behavioral modification in the prevention of myopia. Additionally, they confirm that both environmental and genetic factors are involved in the development of myopia. Knowing if a person has a genetic polymorphism that would predispose them to myopia could encourage more aggressive behavioral management to prevent its development.
Topografia da intumescência lombar e do cone medular em Lycalopex gymnocercus (G. Fischer, 1814)

Objetivou-se com este estudo descrever a topografia da intumescencia lombar e do cone medular da medula espinhal do graxaim-do-campo ( Lycalopex gymnocercus ) a fim de estabelecer uma base anatomica para procedimentos de anestesia epidural nesta especie, bem como fornecer dados para estudos comparativos em neuroanatomia animal. Para tal, foram utilizados cinco especimes, quatro machos e uma femea, recolhidos mortos em rodovias da mesorregiao sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, e entao fixados e conservados em solucao de formaldeido. As macrodisseccoes e exames radiograficos digitais permitiram observar que a intumescencia lombar mediu, em media, 31,40 ± 5,09 mm e ocupou o espaco sobre as vertebras L4 e L5 (80%; n =4) e entre L5 e L6 (20%; n = 1), sendo relativamente pequena se comparada a outras especies carnivoras. O cone medular revelou dimensoes alongadas tipicas de canideos de menor porte. Seu comprimento medio foi 68,28 ± 8,36 mm e sua esqueletopia demonstrou base sobre a vertebra L5 e apice sobre a S3 em quatro individuos; em um unico especime a base situou-se sobre L6 e o apice sobre Cd1. O comprimento do cone medular teve forte correlacao positiva com o comprimento rostrossacral ( r = 0,8324). Os achados sugerem que a introducao da agulha para fins de anestesia epidural no Lycalopex gymnocercus seja mais segura no espaco sacrocaudal.
Estratégias para aumento da produção do leite materno entre lactantes

Objetivo: Analisar as evidências científicas sobre o aumento da produção do leite materno entre lactantes. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de artigos publicados na base de dados Medline e ferramentas de busca Scholar Google, PubMed, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS e Periódicos Capes. Os critérios de elegibilidade permitiram a incorporação de 18 produções científicas para composição dos resultados. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos foi realizada na Indonésia, com maior predominância de ensaio controlado randomizado. As publicações foram categorizadas em estratégias não medicamentosas (eletroacupuntura, acupressão, acupuntura tradicional, relactação, uso de calor, manejo básico do aleitamento, relaxamento afirmativo e massagens com diferentes abordagens), uso de fitoterápicos e dietoterapia (Silimarina-Fosfatidilserina, Galega, Zengru Grao, Srijela e sopas diversas), bem como o uso de medicamento em diferentes posologias, como a domeperidona. Considerações finais: O estudo pode proporcionar subsídios à elaboração de ferramentas tecnológicas de fácil acesso, como Procedimento Operacional Padrão, folders e panfletos educativos, além de aplicativo digital para a prevenção da hipogalactia, sendo alternativa salutar de cuidado às lactantes e de conhecimento aos profissionais de saúde.
Clogging in simulated glacial aquifers due to artificial recharge

Clogging due to artificial recharge in laboratory-simulated unconsolidated aquifers displayed two types of patterns. The first type, resulting from recharge with turbid water containing an effective microbial inhibitor, showed clogging throughout the aquifers ranging in length from 48 to 123 cm. The rate of clogging at different depths was dependent on the size distribution of the particles in the water relative to the pore size distribution of the porous media. Clogging tended to be more severe at the influent portion of the sample; however, when the particles in the recharge water were smaller in size or when the pore sizes of the porous media were larger, the result was a more uniform rate of clogging with respect to depth. The second type, resulting from recharge with nonturbid water and no effective microbial inhibitor, shows clogging only in the top few centimeters. If it is not understood that these two patterns result from different causes, such a pattern resulting from the combined factors could be attributed to only one cause, namely, turbidity. Such a decision could lead to the conclusion that clogging due to turbidity will not penetrate deeply into the porous media, whereas if little microbial clogging is occurring, the result will be more clogging at greater depths.
Winter Precipitation Patterns in Arctic Alaska Determined from a Blowing-Snow Model and Snow-Depth Observations

Abstract A blowing-snow model (SnowTran-3D) was combined with field measurements of end-of-winter snow depth and density to simulate solid (winter) precipitation, snow transport, and sublimation distributions over a 20 000-km2 arctic Alaska domain. The domain included rolling uplands and a flat coastal plain. Simulations were produced for the winters of 1994/95, 1995/96, and 1996/97. The model, which accounts for spatial and temporal variations in blowing-snow sublimation, as well as saltation and turbulent-suspended transport, was driven with interpolated fields of observed temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Model outputs include local (a few hundreds of meters) to regional (several tens of kilometers) distributions of winter snow-water-equivalent depths and blowing-snow sublimation losses, from which the regional winter precipitation distributions are computed. At regional scales, the end-of-winter snow depth is largely equal to the difference between winter precipitation and moisture .
The impact of timing and magnitude of the El Niño- Southern Oscillation on local precipitation levels and temperatures in the Bay Area

In this study, we analyzed temperature, Multivariate El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index (MEI), and Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) data from the San Francisco Bay Area from 1971 to 2016. We also analyzed CO2 records from Mauna Loa, HI for the same time period, along with the annual temperature anomalies for the Bay Area. Understanding the relationships between temperature, MEI, SPI, and CO2 concentration is important as they measure the major influencers of California’s regional climate: temperature, ENSO, precipitation, and atmospheric CO2. Thus, measurements of the three variables are key indicators of long term trends in climate, and can reveal the exact effect anthropogenic climate change is having on the Bay Area’s climate. Our research question was whether there is a correlation between temperature, MEI, SPI, and atmospheric CO2 within the Bay Area. We found that there was a clear correlation between warm anomalies and high MEI/low SPI in the period of 2013–2016, however only when both were historically significant. Also, MEI levels in general were highly correlated with temperature, showing that the local temperature anomalies in the Bay Area are significantly influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle. The influence of precipitation on the local temperature anomalies was limited, however. Finally, although there was not a statistically significant link between the atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa, HI and the temperature anomalies in the Bay Area, the consistent increase in CO2 concentration could have had an impact on the overall increase in annual temperature anomalies from 1971 to 2016.
Transforming temporal-dynamic graphs into time-series data for solving event detection problems

: Event detection on temporal-dynamic graphs aims at detecting significant events based on deviations from the normal behavior of the graphs. With the widespread use of social media, many real-world events manifest as social media interactions, making them suitable for modeling as temporal-dynamic graphs. This paper presents a workflow for event detection on temporal-dynamic graphs using graph representation learning. Our workflow leverages generated embeddings of a temporal-dynamic graph to reframe the problem as an unsupervised time-series anomaly detection task. We evaluated our workflow on four distinct real-world social media datasets and compared our results with the related work. The results show that the performance depends on how anomalies deviate from normal. These include changes in both size and topology. Our results are similar to the related work for the graphs where the deviation from a normal state of the temporal-dynamic graph is apparent, e.g., Reddit. On the other hand, we achieved a 3-fold improvement in precision for the graphs where deviations exist on size and topology, e.g., Twitter. Also, our results are 20% to 5-fold better even if we introduced some delay factor. That is, we beat our competition while detecting events that occurred some time ago. As a result, our study proves that graph embeddings as time-series data can be used for event detection tasks.
Polarization-induced astigmatism caused by topographic masks

With the continuous shrink of feature sizes the pitch of the mask comes closer to the wave length of light. It has been recognized that in this case polarization effects of the mask become much more pronounced and deviations in the diffraction efficiencies from the well-known Kirchhoff approach can no longer be neglected. It is not only the diffraction efficiencies that become polarization-dependent, also the phases of the diffracted orders tend to deviate from Kirchhoff theory when calculated rigorously. This also happens for large structures, where these phase deviations can mimic polarization dependent wave front aberrations, which in the case of polarized illumination can lead to non-negligible focus shifts that depend on the orientation and the features size themselves. This orientation dependence results in a polarization induced astigmatism offset, which can be of the same order of magnitude or even larger as polarization effects stemming from the lens itself. Hence, for correctly predicting polarization induced astigmatism offsets, one has to both consider lens and mask effects at the same time. In this paper we present a comprehensive study of polarized induced phase effects of topographic masks and develop a simple theoretical model that accurately describes the observed effects.