Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE RANGE OF PARTIAL SUMS OF A FINITE NUMBER OF INDEPENDENT NORMAL VARIATES

The present investigation was suggested by the problem of planning the storage capacity of a reservoir, where one would like to know the distribution of the water level over a given number n of years. The level after r years may be regarded as the sum of r annual increments, and we may approximate this real problem by the ideal one where the annual increments are independent variates with a common distribution. Applications to other storage problems are obvious. In the case of very large n the asymptotic range of the consequent random walk has been discussed by Feller (1951). In the present paper we are concerned with an exact formulation for the case of finite n, taking the increments to be standard normal variates, and for this case we obtain a simple expression for the mean range. The paper falls into two parts. In the first (? 2-5), tlle problem is reduced to that of evaluating the integral
Oseen's correction to stokes drag on axially symmetric arbitrary particle in transverse flow: A new approach

In this paper, Oseen’s correction to Stokes drag experienced by axially symmetric particle placed in a uniform stream perpendicular to axis of symmetry(i.e. transverse flow) is obtained. For this, the linear relationship between axial and transverse Stokes drag is utilized to extend the Brenner’s formula for axial flow to transverse flow. General expression of Oseen’s correction to Stokes drag on axially symmetric particle placed in transverse flow is found to be new. This general expression is applied to some known axially symmetric bodies and obtained values of Oseen’s drag, up to first order terms in Reynolds number ‘R’, are also claimed to be new and never exist in the literature. Numerical values of Oseen drag are also evaluated and their variations with respect to Reynolds number, eccentricity and deformation parameter are depicted in figures and compared with some known values. Some important applications are also highlighted.
Significance of Yb3+ concentration on the upconversion mechanisms in codoped Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ nanocrystals

The optical properties of five different nanocrystalline Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ samples are presented and discussed. Green and red emission was observed following excitation with 488 nm and attributed to 2H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2, and 4F9/2→4I15/2 transitions, respectively. Striking red enhancement was observed in the upconversion spectra when exciting the Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ samples with 978 nm, and it became more pronounced with an increase in Yb3+ concentration. A cross relaxation mechanism (4F7/2→4F9/2 and 4F9/2←4I11/2) was responsible for directly populating the 4F9/2 state but did not explain the difference in the magnitude of red enhancement between identically doped bulk and nanocrystalline Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+ samples. The 4F9/2 level was populated via a nonresonant mechanism that involved the 4F9/2←4I13/2 transition that is more prevalent in the nanocrystals, which is due to the high energy phonons inherent in this type of material. In nanocrystalline Y2O3:Er3+, Yb3+, we observe a change in the upconversion mechanis.
Effect of injected spins with different polarized orientations on the vortex phase transition in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 heterostructure

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with spin injection were investigated for the epitaxial La0.7Sr0. 3MnO3/La1.85Sr0. 15CuO4 heterostructure rotated from H//c to H//ab in magnetic fields up to 14 T. It is found that all the I-V curves in various magnetic fields can be scaled with a three dimensional (3D) vortex glass model, and the spin injection can induce a better 3D scaling behavior, which is closely related to the decrease of the anisotropy parameter. A vortex phase diagram for the evolution of vortex glass transition field (Hg) and upper critical field (Hc2) indicates that both Hg and Hc2 are suppressed by spin injection, and this effect becomes more obvious in the case of H//ab, which probably originates from the different suppression on the superconducting pairing strength by different injected spins' orientations.
Connection boundary conditions with different types of finite elements applied to periodicity conditions and to the moving band

Connection boundary conditions are studied with the finite element method using different types of mixed finite elements, i.e. nodal, edge and facet elements of different shapes and degrees, used in both b‐ and h‐conform formulations. The developed associated tools are first applied to periodicity boundary conditions before being applied to the treatment of the moving band in 2D and 3D. This step by step approach enables their validation before pointing out the effect of the considered elements on the accuracy of the moving band method. A special attention is given to the consistency of these boundary conditions with gauge conditions and source magnetic fields.
Toward controlling perturbations in robotic sensor networks

Robotic sensor networks (RSNs), which consist of networks of sensors placed on mobile robots, are being increasingly used for environment monitoring applications. In particular, a lot of work has been done on simultaneous localization and mapping of the robots, and optimal sensor placement for environment state estimation1. The deployment of RSNs, however, remains challenging in harsh environments where the RSNs have to deal with significant perturbations in the forms of wind gusts, turbulent water flows, sand storms, or blizzards that disrupt inter-robot communication and individual robot stability. Hence, there is a need to be able to control such perturbations and bring the networks to desirable states with stable nodes (robots) and minimal operational performance (environment sensing). Recent work has demonstrated the feasibility of controlling the non-linear dynamics in other communication networks like emergency management systems and power grids by introducing compensatory perturbations to restore network stability and operation2. In this paper, we develop a computational framework to investigate the usefulness of this approach for RSNs in marine environments. Preliminary analysis shows promising performance and identifies bounds on the original perturbations within which it is possible to control the networks.
Risk analysis of commitment–option contracts with forecast updates

The standard treatment of supply chain models largely focuses on the optimization of the expected value of a given cost or profit measure. Due to highly uncertain supply and demand conditions, the use of the expected objective measure may not be justified. This article studies a class of commitment–option supply contracts in a mean-variance framework. With structure properties established it is shown that a mean-variance trade-off analysis with advanced reservation can be carried out. Moreover, it is indicated how the corresponding contract decisions differ from decisions for optimizing an expected objective value.
Estimating Latent Structure Models with Categorical Variables: One-Step Versus Three-Step Estimators

We study the properties of a three-step approach to estimating the parameters of a latent structure model for categorical data and propose a simple correction for a common source of bias. Such models have a measurement part (essentially the latent class model) and a structural (causal) part (essentially a system of logit equations). In the three-step approach, a stand-alone measurement model is first defined and its parameters are estimated. Individual predicted scores on the latent variables are then computed from the parameter estimates of the measurement model and the individual observed scoring patterns on the indicators. Finally, these predicted scores are used in the causal part and treated as observed variables. We show that such a naive use of predicted latent scores cannot be recommended since it leads to a systematic underestimation of the strength of the association among the variables in the structural part of the models. However, a simple correction procedure can eliminate this systematic bias. This approach is illustrated on simulated and real data. A method that uses multiple imputation to account for the fact that the predicted latent variables are random variables can produce standard errors for the parameters in the structural part of the model.
Morphology of distant galaxies with MCAO

To understand the physical processes taking place in galaxy formation and evolution, the ability to obtain resolved spectroscopy and images across the objects is a must. Distant galaxies are marginally resolved in seeing-limited conditions and Adaptive Optics (AO) is required. Most of the current extra-galactic AO studies are however constrained by the number of targets available to AO correction (the so-called sky coverage), and the need for statistics, that requires observing many objects across the largest possible field. These constraints are now significantly reduced by the new Wide Field AO systems, like GeMS, the Gemini MCAO system. In this paper, we try to understand the impact of the AO-PSF on the galaxies' morphology analysis accuracy. For this, we use realistic simulated data in order to assess the morphological parameters, taking into account partial PSF knowledge. This allows us to define the critical parameters of the MCAO PSF affecting the analysis accuracy.
Continuous, high‐power operation of a strained InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well laser

Continuous wave (cw), high‐power operation of a strained In0.2Ga0. 8As/ AlGaAs quantum well laser, grown by atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy, is reported. The laser active region consists of a single 70 A In0.2Ga0. 8As/Al0.2Ga0. 8As quantum well, with optical confinement provided by a graded index separate confinement heterostructure. The threshold current density and differential quantum efficiency of a 90 μm×600 μm stripe with uncoated facets are ∼200 A/cm2 and 46%, respectively. Lasing wavelength is ∼930 nm, and the cw single ended power versus current characteristic is linear up to 250 mW (1 A current). In the short‐cavity (<300 μm) regime, these devices have high thresholds and have been observed to lase at shorter wavelength, presumably due to a saturation of gain at the lowest energy transition. The characteristic temperature is 150 K and decreases somewhat with cavity length. This suggests that some nonradiative process, most likely Auger recombination, contributes significantl.
Estimation of Partial derivatives of the average of densities belonging to a family of densities

Recently, attention has been drawn to the problem of estimation of a k-variate probability density and its partial derivatives of various orders. Specifically, let X1, …, Xn be i.i. d. k-variate random variables with common density f wrt Lebesgue measure μ on the k-dimensional σ-field Bk. Parzen (1962) in the k = 1 case and Cacoullos (1966) in the k ≧ 1 case gave the asymptotic properties of a class of kernel estimates fn(x), x ∈ Rk, of f(x) based on X1, …, Xn. The asymptotic properties given in the above two papers concern consistency, asymp-totic unbiasedness, bounds for the mean squared error and asymptotic normality of fn. Also in the context of an empirical Bayes two-action problem, Johns and Van Ryzin (1972) introduced kernel estimates for f(x) and the derivative f'(x)for x∈R1 when f is a mixture of univariate exponential densities wrt Lebesgue measure on B1. They also investigated the asymptotic unbiasedness and themean squared error convergence properties of these estimates. Lin (1968) statedsome generalizations of the results of Johns and Van Ryzin, with applicationsto empirical Bayes decision problems.
A meta‐analysis of acoustic correlates of timbre dimensions

A meta‐analysis of ten published timbre spaces was conducted using multidimensional scaling analyses (CLASCAL) of dissimilarity ratings on recorded, resynthesized, or synthesized musical instrument tones. A set of signal descriptors derived from the tones was drawn from a large set developed at IRCAM, including parameters derived from the long‐term amplitude spectrum (slope, centroid, spread, deviation, skewness, kurtosis), from the waveform and amplitude envelope (attack time, fluctuation, roughness), and from variations in the short‐term amplitude spectrum (flux). Relations among all descriptors across the 128 sounds were used to determine families of related descriptors and to reduce the number of descriptors tested as predictors. Subsequently multiple correlations between descriptors and the positions of timbres along perceptual dimensions determined by the CLASCAL analyses were computed. The aim was (1) to select the subset of acoustic descriptors (or their linear combinations) that provided the most.
A BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS: CONTOIS KINETICS

This paper analyses the steady-state operation of a generalized bioreactor model that encompasses a continuous-flow bioreactor and an idealized continuous-flow membrane bioreactor as limiting cases. A biodegradation of organic materials is modelled using Contois growth kinetics. The bioreactor performance is analysed by finding the steady-state solutions of the model and determining their stability as a function of the dimensionless residence time. We show that an effective recycle parameter improves the performance of the bioreactor at moderate values of the dimensionless residence time. However, at sufficiently large values of the dimensionless residence time, the performance of the bioreactor is independent of the recycle ratio.
Surgical provider-reported reasons for utilization of the World Health Organization’s Surgical Safety Checklist at a tertiary hospital in Ghana

Despite the established positive benefits, LMICs’ adoption of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist (SSC) is inadequate, with as little as 20% use. This study assessed the utilization and beliefs that drive the non-utilization of the WHO SSC among surgical providers at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 surgical providers at the KBTH in Ghana. Data collected included the category of personnel, awareness of the SSC, training received, previously identified barriers, and staff perceptions. Utilization and drivers associated with non-utilization of the SSC were assessed using bivariate log-binomial regression. Out of 190 surgical professionals invited, 186 gave their consent and participated in the survey, giving a response rate of 97.9%. Respondents comprised 69 (37%) surgeons, 66 (36%) anesthetists, and 51 (27%) nurses. Only 30.4% of surgical professionals always use the SSC, as advised by WHO. The majority (67.7%) of surgical professionals had received no formal training on using the WHO SSC. The proportion was highest among surgeons (81.2%) compared to anesthetists (66.7%) and nurses (51%). Surgeons were perceived by other professionals to be the least supportive of checklist use (87.6%), in contrast to nurses (96.1%) and anesthetists (93.9%). Significant drivers associated with checklist usage among surgical professionals included the SSC taking too long to complete, poor communication between anesthetist and surgeon, checklist not covering all perioperative risks, difficulty finding a coordinator, poor attitude of team members toward questions, surgical specialty/unit and training status of professionals. The checklist was always used by only a small (30%) proportion of surgical professionals at the KBTH. Improving checklist use will necessitate its careful application to all surgical operations and a cycle of periodic training that includes context-specific adjustments, checklist auditing, and feedback from local coordinators.
Improving Group Search Optimization Through Local Search Heuristics for Automatic Data Clustering

Neste trabalho, três models de Agrupamento Automático de Dados, baseados na meta-heurística de Otimização por Busca em Grupo (GSO), são introduzidos, chamados RHGSO, ADHGSO e BDHGSO. Nos modelos propostos, a busca global do GSO é melhorada através de heurísticas de busca local adaptadas ao contexto de Agrupamento Automático de Dados, onde operações de ativação, desativação e substituição de centroides de agrupamentos são executadas, objetivando a realização de perturbações que visam o aumento da velocidade de exploração do grupo do GSO. Os algoritmos propostos são comparados a outros Algoritmos Evolucionários e de Inteligência de Enxames da literatura, apresentando resultados promissores.
Theory of structural trends within4dand5dtransition metal topologically close-packed phases

binary systems. Third, analytic BOP theory using the TB bond integrals as input is shown to converge to the TB structural energy difference curves as the number of moments in the BOP expansion is increased. In order to provide a simple interpretation of these structural energy difference curves in terms of analytic response functions and the differences in the moments of the density of states (DOS), an expression is used for the difference in the band energy that is correct to first order in the Fermi energy differences. We find that the fourth-moment contribution separates the A15, σ ,a ndχ phases from the μ and Laves phases in agreement with the empirical structure map due to difference in the bimodality of the corresponding DOS caused mainly by distortions in their coordination polyhedra from ideal Frank-Kasper polyhedra. Finally, it is shown that at least six moments are needed to predict the structural trend A15 → σ → χ.
Likelihood inference for permuted data with application to gene regulation

Abstract Given that all the cells of an individual have the same genetic information stored in their DNA, how can cells be as different as those of the retina and heart? Nature solves this problem through gene regulation, which often involves the binding of regulatory proteins to regulatory sites. These sites are short subsequences of 10 to 20 DNA base pairs whose pattern may be multinomially modeled. These sites usually occur “upstream” of the genes they regulate in a segment of a few hundred DNA base pairs called the promoter. But the positions of regulatory sites within promoters vary and are unobservable. This uncertainty in site position misaligns the data and renders the indices of the observations uncertain. Data with uncertain indices arise commonly in experimental biology whenever uncontrolled variability alters unobservable auxiliary identifying information. Current technology breaks the analysis of such data into two steps: alignment and analyses applied to the aligned data. This article propos.
Convergent field elastography

An ultrasound-based system for non-invasive estimation of soft tissue shear modulus will be presented. The system uses a nested pair of transducers to provide force generation and motion measurement capabilities. The outer annular element produces a ring-like ultrasonic pressure field distribution. This in turn produces a ring-like force distribution in soft tissue, whose response is primarily observable as a shear wave field. A second ultrasonic transducer nested inside the annular element monitors the portion of the shear field that converges to the center of the force distribution pattern. Propagation speed is estimated from shear displacement phase changes resulting from dilation of the forcing radius. Forcing beams are modulated in order to establish shear speed frequency dependence. Prototype system data will be presented for depths of 10–14 cm in a tissue phantom, using drive parameters within diagnostic ultrasound safety limits. [Work supported by ONR and the Neely Chair in Mechanical Engineering,.
Sesamin Attenuates VEGFA-Induced Angiogenesis via Inhibition of Src and FAK Signaling in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model and Human Endothelial EA.hy926 Cells

Sesamin, a major phytochemical in sesame seeds and oil, has been reported to have effects on physiological and pathological angiogenesis in several studies. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of sesamin’s effect on angiogenesis are not understood well enough. This study aimed to investigate its effect on both physiological and pathological angiogenesis using the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and the in vitro human endothelial cell line, EA.hy926, model. Sesamin inhibited the VEGFA-induced pathological angiogenesis significantly, although no effect was seen on angiogenesis without induction. It reduced the formation of vascular branches in the VEGFA-treated CAMs and also the proliferation and migration of EA.hy926 endothelial cells induced by VEGFA. Sesamin impeded the VEGF-mediated activation of Src and FAK signaling proteins, which may be responsible for sesamin-mediated reduction of pathological angiogenesis. Moreover, the effect of sesamin on the expressions of angiogenesis-related genes was then investigated and it was found that both mRNA and protein expressions of Notch1, the key pathway in vascular development, induced by VEGFA, were significantly reduced by sesamin. Our results altogether suggested that sesamin, by inhibiting pathological angiogenesis, has the potential to be employed in the prevention or treatment of diseases with over-angiogenesis, such as cancers.
Should we play? Gamification in assessment and selection

In 2011 the word ‘gamification’ first made an appearance in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). The OED defines it as ‘the application of typical elements of game playing (e.g. point scoring, competition with others, rules of play) to other areas of activity, typically as an online marketing technique to encourage engagement with a product or service’. Many organisations have been going to great lengths to maximise the potential of this concept and ‘gamify’ their processes, from marketing, to innovation and HR. This article explores the potential value of gamification in assessment and selection, and considers what it adds to our toolkit as practitioners.
THE OPERATOR K-FUNCTOR AND EXTENSIONS OF C*-ALGEBRAS

In this paper a general operator K-functor is constructed, depending on a pair A, B of C*-algebras. Special cases of this functor are the ordinary cohomological K-functor K*(B) and the homological K-functor K*(A). The results (homotopy invariance, Bott periodicity, exact sequences, etc.) permit one to compute effectively in concrete examples. The main result, concerning extensions of C*-algebras, consists in a description of a stable type of extensions of the most general form: . It is shown that the sum of such an extension with a fixed decomposable extension of the form is uniquely determined by an element of the group . Bibliography: 25 titles.