Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Gel Properties of Fish Gelatin Using Gellan

Abstract The impact of gellan (GL) at different levels (5–20 % of total solid) on the properties of fish gelatin (FG) gels was studied. Gel strength and hardness of FG/GL mixed gel increased, while springiness and cohesiveness decreased as the levels of GL were increased (p < 0.05). Gelling and melting temperatures also increased with increasing levels of GL incorporated (p < 0.05). L*- and b*-values of FG/GL mixed gel decreased, whereas ∆E*-value increased with increasing GL levels (p < 0.05). Microstructure studies revealed that denser structure with very small voids in gel network was observed upon GL addition. The addition of GL at a low level (5 %) had no adverse effect on sensory property, and no effect on syneresis of FG/GL mixed gels. Therefore, the addition of 5 % GL can be used to improve gelling property of FG via increasing gelling points without affecting sensory property of the resulting gel.
Should Online Content Providers be Allowed to Subsidize Content? — An Economic Analysis

Internet service providers (ISPs) are experimenting with a business model that allows content providers (CPs) to subsidize Internet access for end consumers. In this study, we develop a game-theoretical model to analyze the effects of this sponsorship of consumer data usage. We find that the ISP’s optimal network management choice of data sponsorship crucially depends on market conditions, such as the revenue rates of CPs and the fit cost of consumers. If the fit cost is low, the ISP will either allow both CPs to subsidize consumers’ Internet access, or will allow only the more competitive CP to subsidize, depending on the per-consumer revenue generation rates of CPs. If the fit cost is high, it is in the ISP’s interest not to allow any subsidization. We also identify conditions under which the ISP’s network management choices of data sponsorship deviate from social optimum. These results should be of interest to the telecom industry as it searches additional revenue models, and to online content providers competing for customer loyalty. It should also be of interest to policymakers investigating into this issue.
Carrier doping effect of humidity for single-crystal graphene on SiC

Carrier doping effects of water vapor and an adsorbed water layer on single-crystal graphene were evaluated. After annealing at 300 °C in nitrogen ambient, the sheet resistance of epitaxial graphene on a SiC substrate had a minimum value of 800 Ω/sq and the carrier density was estimated to be 1.2 × 1013 cm−2 for an n-type dopant. The adsorbed water layer, which acted as a p-type dopant with a carrier density of −7.4 × 1012 cm−2, was formed by deionized (DI) water treatment. The sheet resistances of graphene samples increased with humidity, owing to the counter doping effect. The estimated p-type doping amounts of saturated water vapor were −2.5 × 1012 cm−2 for DI-water-treated graphene and −3.5 × 1012 cm−2 for annealed graphene.
Importance of terrain attributes in relation to the spatial distribution of soil properties at the micro scale: a case study

Abstract: Micro-topography and spatial variability of soil properties influence the environmental consequences of site-specific management. This study investigated the spatial structure of soil properties in relation to the micro-topography of an agricultural field in the Canadian Prairies. The geospatial sampling scheme had 178 soil cores to a depth of 120 cm. Soil texture and soil water content (SWC) at 0–120 cm, total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) at 0–15 cm were measured and spatially interpolated using semi-variograms calculated with GS+. The correlation of terrain attributes, calculated from digital elevation models, with soil properties was also assessed. Texture was strongly spatially dependent in the surface layers, and the significance of spatial dependency declined with depth. Spatial autocorrelation of sand content declined from 96% at the soil surface (0–15 cm) to 90% at 30–45 cm, 53% at 75–90 cm. SWC, TC, TN, and SOC were similarly auto-correlated. Elevation, relative slope position, and vertical distance to channel network influenced the distribution of texture and SWC based on analysis with partial least squares, though this relationship decreased with depth. Terrain attributes are correlated with the spatial variability of soil properties and should be considered in environmental analyses at the micro-scale.
ABSORCIÓN DE POTASIO MARCADO CON Rb-85 EN DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANTENIMIENTO EN LA CORONA DE PALMA ACEITERA (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

In the Research Center of Oil Palm (Cipal) belonging to National Growers Association of Oil Palm (Ancupa), located in La Concordia area that is to 260 m.s.l. ; the potassium absorption was tracer with rubidium, under the influence of different maintaining systems of oil palm circles, so that it was used Randomized complete blocks design with 4 replications and 6 treatments. It was evaluated the following variables: potassium contained in the leaf n° 9, rubidium contained in the in the leaf n° 9, potassium coming from the fertilizer, and the cost of studies treatment. Base on the obtained results it could conclude that the maintaining systems that had a direct effect on the potassium absorption was under empty fruit bunches, since it showed statistical differences in the variable: potassium contained in the leaf n° 9, rubidium contained in the leaf n° 9, potassium coming from the fertilizer.
Mimosa inspired bilayer hydrogel actuator functioning in multi-environments

Hydrogel-based actuators have attracted significant attention and shown promising applications in many fields. However, most hydrogel actuators can only act in aqueous media, which dramatically limits their applications. Hence, the realization of hydrogel actuators that function under non-aqueous conditions still remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the water self-circulation mechanism that contributes to the motion of Mimosa leaves, we herein present a general strategy towards designing hydrogel actuators that can generate motions in water, oil and even in open-air environments. A hydrogel with a reverse thermal responsive bilayer composite structure was prepared, composed of a hydrogel layer derived from a polymer featuring a lower critical solution temperature (LCST layer) and a hydrogel layer derived from a polymer featuring an upper critical solution temperature (UCST layer). Upon heating, water molecules were transferred from the LCST layer to the UCST layer within the bilayer hydrogel, while under cooling the reverse process took place, allowing for an actuation even in non-aqueous environments. This water self-circulation within the bilayer hydrogel enabled a bending of the hydrogel and hence offers a smart strategy yet with a new idea for actuators working in multi-environments. Such hydrogel actuators may provide new insights for the design and fabrication of intelligent soft materials for bio-inspired applications.
Seleção de clones de palma forrageira resistentes à cochonilha-do-carmim (Dactylopius sp)

Visando selecionar clones de palma forrageira resistentes a cochonilha-do-carmim, realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetacao no periodo de setembro de 2001 a janeiro de 2002. A partir de infestacao artificial com a cochonilha, foram testados 20 clones de palma forrageira, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeticoes. Foram observadas a fixacao de colonias sobre os cladodios e a porcentagem de cladodios infestados, por meio de uma escala de notas variando de 0 a 5. Os clones que apresentaram maior resistencia ao ataque da praga foram Miuda e Orelha de Elefante.
A study of operant conditioning under delayed reinforcement in early infancy.

MILLAR, W. STUART. A Study of Operant Conditioning under Delayed Reinforcement in Early Infancy. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 1972, 37 (2, Serial No. 147). The paucity of definitive data on operant conditioning under delayed reinforcement in the preverbal infant stimulated the present research. A series of four interrelated experiments was undertaken with 4-7-month-old infants in order to examine the temporal parameters involved in response-feedback contingency integration. An initial experiment demonstrated operant acquisition of an instrumental "hand-pulling" response in 4-8-month-old infants. Moreov;er, the data suggested an age difference in sensitivity to responsecontingent feedback. Experiments II, III, and IV were designed to examine the temporal span of integration in 6-7-month-old infants using delayed perceptual reinforcement within the free-operant framework. Experiment II demonstrated clear-cut response acquisition under immediately contingent feedback, limited acquisition under 1-second and 2-second delayed-contingent feedback but no acquisition under 3-second and noncontingent feedback. In Experiment III a more exhaustive design incorporated more stringent control procedures. Contingent and noncontingent conditions produced characteristic divergent effects. The effect of 1-second and 2-second delays was less clear-cut than in Experiment II. Experiment IV was designed primarily to clarify the discrepancy between Experiments II and III by providing extended exposure to the delayed-feedback scheduling. Under this condition, reliable acquisition occurred under 1-second and 2-second delayed feedback but not under the 3-second delay condition. Prior exposure to noncontingent feedback had a facilitating effect on subsequent response acquisition under 1-second and 2second delayed feedback but not under 3-second delayed feedback. The consistent effect achieved with contingent, noncontingent, delayed reinforcement, and, in particular, the suppression, recovery, and facilitation effects of noncontingent stimulation are discussed in relation to our understanding of how infants process contingent information. This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.35 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 05:30:35 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası 100 Endeksinin Doğrusallık Testi

Bu calismanin amaci IMKB-100 endeksi getirisinin dogrusal bir yapiya sahip olup olmadigini gostermektir. Calismada dogrusallik testlerinden en fazla kullanilan BDS testinden faydalanilacaktir. Kullanilan veri seti Merkez Bankasindan elde edilmistir. Getiri serisi endeksin gunluk kapanis degerlerinin logaritmik farki alinarak hesaplanmistir. Calismada kullanilan veri seti 02.01. 1989 – 04.07. 2006 yillari arasinda olup 4352 gozlemden olusmaktadir. Calismada veri seti dort sekilde degerlendirilmistir: ilk degerlendirme veri setine gunler kukla degisken olarak kullanildiktan sonra ARMA sureci uygulanmistir hata terimlerine BDS testi uygulanmistir. Ikinci veri seti ise getiri serisine ARMA sureci uygulanarak hata terimleri elde edildikten sonra BDS testi uygulanmistir. Ucuncu veri setinde GARCH(1,1) sureci ve dorduncu veri setinde ise AR(1) – GARCH(1,1) ile standartlastirilmis hata karelerinin logaritmalarina BDS testi uygulanmistir. Birinci, ikinci ve dorduncu veri setinde BDS testi sonuclarina gore getirilerin dogrusal olmayan bir yapiya sahip oldugu bulunmustur. Ucuncu veri seti incelendiginde ise BDS testi bazi boyutlarda hata terimlerinin bagimsiz benzer dagilima sahip oldugunu gostermistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: BDS testi, Etkin Piyasa Hipotezi, Dogrusallik Testi. ABSTRACT The aim of the study is nonlinearity test of ISE – 100 returns. The most usedly nonlinearity test of BDS test is applied. Data is obtained from the Central Bank of Turkey. Return data is calculated by the difference of natural logarthim of daily closing value. The data has 4352 observations, between the data of 02.01. 1989 and 04.07. 2006. BDS test is done on the four different error term. Before the ARMA process to make the BDS test days are used as a dummies and error term is obtained by regression. Second data set is ARMA process is done and error term is obtained and then BDS test is applied. Third data set is logarithm of the squared standardized residuals of GARCH (1,1) process. Fourth data set is logarithm of the squared standardized residuals of AR (1) - GARCH (1,1) process. First, second and fourth data sets reject the null hypothesis that means there exist a nonlinear relation. Third data set fail to reject the null hypothesis of iid, for some embedding dimension, that means GARCH (1,1) process removes most of the nonlinearity. Keywords: BDS Test, Market Efficiency Theory, Nonlinearity Test.
Internet Use and Political Engagement: The Role of E-Campaigning as a Pathway to Online Political Participation

This paper uses original survey data from the 2010 UK General Election to examine two central questions about e-participation: how people engaged with the online campaign; and whether any mobilization effects of e-campaigning activity can be detected in terms of increasing individuals’ likelihood of participating after the election. Following our previous work, were-test and confirm a measurement model of e-campaign activities. Through exploratory factor analyses, we identify our three dimensions of e-campaign participation: e-information, e-party and e-expressive. We then show how these activities differentially predict subsequent online political participation: e-donate, e-contact, e-petition and e-discuss. We do this using a panel study design that allows us to impose robust controls on pre-existing levels of political engagement. Our results show that for the most part levels of pre-election engagement in e-donating, e-contacting and e-petitioning explain much of the post-election commitment to do so, and that online campaign involvement does not add significantly to this intention. However we have found that use of the internet during the campaign to obtain information does appear to have a lasting effect on the likelihood of discussing politics, even when prior propensity toward discussion is controlled for. We have further observed a significant negative association between engagement in formal e-campaign activities (e-party) and a later proclivity to take part in a direct democracy initiative online (e-petition). Our findings are in line with a growing conclusion that the internet’s role in stimulating participation is likely to be more complex than a simple direct effect andsupport the claim for adopting a more nuanced approach to the analysis of the mobilization effects.
EFECTO DE FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA E INTERVALO ENTRE CORTES SOBRE CONTENIDO DE PROTEÍNA Y FIBRA EN Brachiaria brizantha cv. Toledo EN PORTUGUESA

S e e v a luo e l e f ec tode fe rtil iz ac ionni t ro g e n a da ( F N) e in te rv a lo e nt r e c o r tes ( I C )sobre e l c ontenidode la p r oteina c ru d a(P C ),fib r a c ruda( F C),fib r an e u t r od e te r g e nte(FN D )y f i b r a ac ido d e te r g e n t e (F A D ) e n Bra c hiar i abri z antha c v . Tol e do e ndosfi n c a subic a d a s e n e l e stado P o r tu g u e s adu r a nte l a e p o c a d e l l uvias. S e e mp l e oun d i s e no e nbloques c omp l e tam e nte a l a z a r c on a r r e glodetr a tamientos e np a r c e las div i didasyt r e sr e p e t i c iones. L ap a r ce lap r inci p a lfuenivel e sde F N( 0 ;30;60y120 k gNh a - 1 )y e nla subp a r c e l a I C(2 1 ;28;35y 42dias ) . L a smuestr a sfoli a r e sse c o rt a rona 1 5 c msobre e lsueloy ses eca r o n e n e stufaa60oCh a stap e so c onst a nte. El c ontenidode P Cy F AD(P < 0,01)fuesupe r ior(P < 0 , 01) e n fin c a L a P ref e rida(11,8y35, 5 % ). L a F Ninfl u y o(P < 0,05) e n e l c onteni d ode P C, F C, F NDy F A D. L os v a lor e s d e P C, F C, F A Dy F NDf u e ron a fe c tados(P < 0,01)por I C.Alos 3 5diasseobtuvom a y or v a lorde p r oteina e n e l p a sto(11 , 3 % ). En l afin c aA v eMa r ialam a y ordosisdeN c a uso e fe c tos i g nifi c a t i vo; m i e ntr a sque e n L a P ref e rida c on30 k gN h a - 1 a no - 1 se e n c ontro e f ec t o(P < 0,05)sobre e l c o n tenido p r otei c o(12,1 % ) e n e lp a sto. L osv a lor e sde F C, F NDy F ADdis m in u y er on e n a mbasfin ca s c on120N ha - 1 a no - 1 y21dias d e c o r te. L afertil iz ac ionni t r og e n a d a , e lin te rv a lo e ntre c o rt e sy l a s c a ra c t e rist i ca s fisico quim i ca s del su e lo,infl u y e ron e n e l c onten i do de P C, F Cy F AD e n B. brizantha cv . Tol e do.
Perception of Partly Occluded Objects and Illusory Figures: Evidence for an Identity Hypothesis

Three experiments test the hypothesis that perception of partly occluded figures (POFs) and illusory figures (IPs) derive from a single visual interpolation process. In each, 2 magnitude estimation tasks were used. One assessed perceived unity of visible parts of POFs; the other perceived clarity of edges in IF displays. Exps. 1 and 2 tested the effects of relative positions and orientations of edges on perceived unity and clarity. Exp. 3 used randomly generated displays to test whether edge relations sampled at random would exert the same effects on POFs and IFs. All studies showed nearly perfect correlations between perceived unity and perceived edge clarity, when the physically specified parts of the figures were identical. The specific conditions under which edges are interpolated fit well with predictions of a recent theory (Kellman & Shipley, 1991). These results suggest that a single unit-formation process underlies "modal" and "amodal" completion. Perceptual representations are said to go "beyond the information given" when some of their contents have no local stimulus determinants. Ordinary object perception is a conspicuous example. Although most viewed objects are partly occluded by others, their boundaries are for the most part accurately perceived. Michotte. Thines. and Crabbe (1964) termed this ability perceptual completion and distinguished two types. Modal refers to the presence of sensory attributes; "subjects do not differentiate between part? which have been added and those which have a physical correlate. These additions have the same visible attributes or 'modes' (brightness and hue) as the rest of the figure, hence the term 'modal'. " The perception of parts of objects without local sensory attributes (e.g., as a result of occlusion) was designated amodal completion. According to Michotte et al.; The word 'amodal' is used here with a primarily negative meaning: it is intended to imply that the completed portion wholly lacks visible attributes. Nonetheless, the completion is perceived; it is neither an inference nor a projection of some mental image, but a direct perception.
Upgrading Heavy Crude Oils and Extra Heavy Fractions in Supercritical Methanol

Herein, we report a method of upgrading unconventional crude oils and extra heavy fractions using supercritical methanol (scMeOH) and compare it to supercritical water (scH2O)-based and pyrolytic upgrading. The yields and properties of upgraded oil are explored as functions of operating parameters (temperature, pressure, and concentration) and feedstocks for high-acid crude oils (Laguna and Bachaquero-13), a heavy crude oil (Rubiales), and a vacuum tower bottom (VTB). As a result, scMeOH upgrading of unconventional crude oils at 400 °C and 30 MPa effectively reduced their asphaltene content to ∼0 wt % and increased that of naphtha–diesel fractions to 30–40 wt %. Conversely, a considerable amount of asphaltenes (8.8–10.0 wt %) was present in oil upgraded using scH2O and pyrolysis. Additionally, scMeOH upgrading resulted in a more effective reduction of the total acid number (TAN) of high-acid crude oils (<0.5 mg of KOH/g of oil) compared to values achieved by scH2O and pyrolysis methods. Finally, scMeOH tr.
Proton jump diffusion dynamics in hydrated barium zirconates studied by high-resolution neutron backscattering spectroscopy

We report results from high-resolution neutron backscattering experiments on hydrated samples of the proton conducting perovskite BaZr1−xMxO3−x/2 with M = Sc and Y for x = 0.1, and M = In for x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.25. The sampled wave vector range of up to 1.9 A−1 and energy resolution of less than 1 μeV allowed the identification of a jump diffusion process of protons in the samples. By monitoring the intensity of elastically scattered neutrons S(Q, ℏω = 0) upon heating the samples from base temperature 2 K up to about 550 K the onset temperature Tc of the diffusive process was established. Thereby characteristic dependences of Tc on the type of dopant atom M and on the dopant level x were found with Tc increasing along the sequence of x from less than 200 K in M = Sc, Y and In with x = 0.1 up to about 320 K in M = In with x = 0.25. The formfactor of the diffusive process was examined on one hand by monitoring the intensity of neutrons scattered inelastically with a fixed energy of 2 μeV as S(Q, ℏω = 2 μeV), and on the other, by monitoring the dynamic structure factor S(Q, ℏω) within the dynamic range of ±25 μeV. We have successfully approximated the data by established models of jump diffusion with a preference for the Chudley–Elliot model [C. T. Chudley, R. J. Elliot, Proc. Phys. Soc. , 77, 353, (1961)]. Any of the applied models featured a characteristic jump distance of about 3 A. Diffusion constants D and activation energies Ea were computed from temperature scans of the moderately In-doped compounds (x = 0.1 and 0.2). D takes on values within the range 1–5 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 at the highest applied T of about 550 K and Ea increases from about 40 to 120 meV along the sequence of x.
Olive Mill Wastewater: From a Pollutant to Green Fuels, Agricultural Water Source and Biofertilizer

This investigation has established a complete environmentally friendly strategy for the valorization of olive mill wastewater (OMW). This valorization process includes different steps, namely, OMW impregnation on sawdust, drying, biofertilizer production, and soil amendment. The OMW impregnation on raw cypress sawdust (RCS) was performed using batch procedure mode. During this impregnation, 59% and 71% of the chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved salts of OMW were adsorbed on RCS. The drying of the impregnated sawdust (IS) and OMW was realized in a convective dryer at temperature ranging between 40 and 60 °C and air velocity ranging between 0.7 and 1.3 m/s. Comparison between both samples demonstrated clearly that the impregnation procedure accelerated the drying process and consequently allowed an ecologic recovery of water from OMW that could be reused. The IS sample was pyrolyzed at 500 °C for green fuel (bio-oil, gas) and char production. This residual char (IS-Char) exhibited higher mass fractio.
Multiscale Modeling of the HKUST-1/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Interface: From an Atomistic to a Coarse Graining Approach

We present a computational multiscale study of a metal–organic framework (MOF)/polymer composite combining micro- and mesoscopic resolution, by coupling atomistic and coarse grained (CG) force field-based molecular dynamics simulations. As a proof of concept, we describe the copper paddlewheel-based HKUST-1 MOF/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite. Our newly developed CG model reproduces the salient features of the interface in excellent agreement with the atomistic model and allows the investigation of substantially larger systems. The polymer penetrates into the open pores of the MOF as a result of the interactions between its OH groups and the O and Cu atoms in the pores, suggesting an excellent MOF/polymer compatibility. Polymer structure is affected by the MOF surface up to a distance of ∼2.4 times its radius of gyration. This study paves the way toward understanding important interfacial phenomena such as aggregation and phase separation in these mixed matrix systems.