Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid Fat and Added Sugar Intake Among U.S. Children: The Role of Stores, Schools, and Fast Food from 1994 to 2010

Background— Little is known about the role of location in U.S. children’s excess intake of energy from solid fat and added sugar, collectively referred to as SoFAS. Purpose— The goal of the study was to compare the SoFAS content of foods consumed by children from stores, schools, and fast-food restaurants and to determine whether trends from 1994–2010 differ across these locations. Methods— Children aged 2–18 years (n=22,103) from five nationally representative surveys of dietary intake from 1994 to 2010 were studied. SoFAS content was compared across locations for total intake and key foods. Regression models were used to test and compare linear trends across locations. Data were analyzed in 2012. Results— The mean percentage of total energy intake consumed from each location that was provided by SoFAS remained above recommendations, despite significant improvements between 1994 and 2010 at stores (38.3% to 33.2%); schools (38.7% to 31.2%); and fast-food restaurants (43.3% to 34.6%). For each key food, SoFAS content decreased significantly at stores and schools, yet progress at schools was comparatively slower. Milk was higher in SoFAS at schools compared to stores due to shifts toward flavored milk at schools. Schools provided french fries that were higher in solid fat than store-bought versions and pizza that was not substantially different in SoFAS content than fast-food pizza. However, schools made substantially greater progress for sugar-sweetened beverages, as lower-sugar beverages replaced regular sodas. Key fast foods showed little improvement. Conclusions— These findings can inform future strategies targeted to reduce SoFAS consumption in specific locations. these research gaps, the purpose of this study to compare the SoFAS content of consumed by from to for with high SoFAS Updated trends on SoFAS potentially effectiveness of strategies to during the last and can identify areas that
A Classification System to Guide Physical Therapy Management in Huntington Disease: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Individuals with Huntington disease (HD), a rare neurological disease, experience impairments in mobility and cognition throughout their disease course. The Medical Research Council framework provides a schema that can be applied to the development and evaluation of complex interventions, such as those provided by physical therapists. Treatment-based classifications, based on expert consensus and available literature, are helpful in guiding physical therapy management across the stages of HD. Such classifications also contribute to the development and further evaluation of well-defined complex interventions in this highly variable and complex neurodegenerative disease. The purpose of this case series was to illustrate the use of these classifications in the management of 2 individuals with late-stage HD. CASE DESCRIPTION Two females, 40 and 55 years of age, with late-stage HD participated in this case series. Both experienced progressive declines in ambulatory function and balance as well as falls or fear of falling. Both individuals received daily care in the home for activities of daily living. INTERVENTION Physical therapy Treatment-Based Classifications for HD guided the interventions and outcomes. Eight weeks of in-home balance training, strength training, task-specific practice of functional activities including transfers and walking tasks, and family/carer education were provided. OUTCOMES Both individuals demonstrated improvements that met or exceeded the established minimal detectible change values for gait speed and Timed Up and Go performance. Both also demonstrated improvements on Berg Balance Scale and Physical Performance Test performance, with 1 of the 2 individuals exceeding the established minimal detectible changes for both tests. Reductions in fall risk were evident in both cases. DISCUSSION These cases provide proof-of-principle to support use of treatment-based classifications for physical therapy management in individuals with HD. Traditional classification of early-, mid-, and late-stage disease progression may not reflect patients' true capabilities; those with late-stage HD may be as responsive to interventions as those at an earlier disease stage.Video Abstract available for additional insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A172).
A critical stage in the formation of acid mine drainage: Colonization of pyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans under pH‐neutral conditions

A dominant Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ssp. was isolated from the supergene copper deposit in Morenci, Arizona, USA. Washed bacterial suspensions (108 MPN per treatment), in pH‐neutral buffer, were inoculated onto pyrite cubes for 24 h. Heterogeneous bacterial absorption onto the pyrite removed approximately 90% of the viable bacteria from the inoculum. At T = 0, the bacteria were observed primarily in regions enriched in phosphorus. Over 30 days, the bacterial population on the pyrite cubes increased from 1.3 × 107 to 2.9 × 108 bacteria cm−2. During this growth stage, low levels of thiobacilli (228 ± 167 MPN mL−1) were also recovered from the fluid phase; however, this population decreased to zero within 30 days. Growth on pyrite occurred as micrometre‐scale planar microcolonies, a biofilm, coating the mineral surfaces. These microcolonies possessed viable thiobacilli, even after 4 months at ‘circumneutral pH’. Imaging the pyrite cubes using SEM‐EDS and scanning force microscopy demonstrated that the thiobacilli grew as iron oxy‐hydroxide‐cemented cells, leading to the formation of mineralized microcolonies. Removing the iron oxy‐hydroxides with oxalic acid did not dislodge the bacteria, demonstrating that the secondary minerals were not responsible for ‘gluing’ the bacteria to the pyrite surface. Removing organic material, i.e. the cells, by an oxygen plasma treatment revealed the presence of corrosion pits the size and shape of bacteria. Because of the inherent geochemical constraints on pyrite oxidation at neutral pH, the colonization of pyrite under circumneutral pH conditions must be facilitated by the development of an acidic nanoenvironment between the bacteria and the pyrite mineral surface.
Caring for Plastic Surgery Patients Experiencing Significant Psychological Disturbance: The Foundational and Enduring Contributions of Milton T Edgerton, MD

294 Dr Milton Edgerton F or over 50 years, consistently devoted prodigious amounts of time and resources to understanding the psychological experience of plastic surgery patients. As he noted: ‘‘Strengthening an individual’s self-image is often the principal purpose and benefit of plastic surgery. This is true of both reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Thus it is critical that plastic surgeons understand the psychological variables involved in changing (or refusing to change) a patient’s appearance. In the case of cosmetic surgery, the only indication for surgery are the likelihood that it will improve the emotional health of the patient. Any physical change should be aimed at that goal. ’’
Efectividad de las medidas agroambientales para la conservación de la fauna y la flora europeas

Las ayudas agroambientales de la Unión Europea no benefician a la fauna y la flora silvestres tanto como cabría esperar, según un estudio internacional en el que ha participado el Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha y que se acaba de publicar en la revista Ecology Letters (vol. 9, pp. 243-254). En el estudio se midió la abundancia y riqueza de especies de plantas, aves, abejas, saltamontes y arañas en unos 200 campos de cultivo en los que se aplica la medida agroambiental más extendida en cada país, comparándolas con las de campos control cultivados de modo habitual. Los campos de estudio se localizaron en Holanda, Alemania, Reino Unido, Suiza y España. Menos de la mitad de las comparaciones demostraron mejoras significativas, aunque la abundancia y riqueza de especies fue casi siempre ligeramente mayor en los campos con medidas que en los controles. En España, donde se evaluó la medida de extensificación de cultivos de cereal para la protección de las aves esteparias, se encontraron efectos significativos y positivos sobre la abundancia de aves, de aves amenazadas, de plantas arvenses y de arañas, siendo por tanto la primera demostración de que estas medidas son efectivas en nuestro país, aunque se desconocen aún las causas de esa efectividad.
Culture shock--patient as icon, icon as patient.

Dr. Abraham Verghese discusses the problem with a “chart as surrogate for the patient” approach. He believes that if one eschews the skilled and repeated examination of the real patient, then tests, consultations, and procedures that might not be needed are ordered, while simple diagnoses and new developments are overlooked.
Synthetic microseismograms; logging in porous formations

Biot’s theory of wave propagation in a fluid‐filled porous elastic solid takes account of energy dissipation due to relative motion between viscous pore fluid and solid matrix. This theory has been applied to a numerical study of sound pulses propagating along a cylindrical borehole and along a plane interface. It is found that properties such as permeability affect the attenuation of the signal only at high frequencies. For the plane interface, the effect on the P-arrival is small; on the S-arrival it is moderate; and on the Stoneley‐wave it is large, but only if source and detector are close to the interface and the flow of fluid across the interface is relatively unrestricted. With a wide‐band signal, the low‐frequency pseudo‐Rayleigh wave can partially mask the S-arrival. Similar conclusions hold for the logging tool centered in the borehole, and arrivals other than the first P may be difficult to pick, especially for narrow‐band signals. The amplitude of the wave train arriving with approximately the.
Involvement of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-6 in progression of human gastric carcinoma.

UNLABELLED Gastric carcinoma occurs in response to chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. It is not known how cytokines affect the growth and progression of gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured tissue concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 in gastric carcinoma and investigated the correlation between the levels of these cytokines and clinicopathological features. Biopsy specimens of tumors or adjacent normal mucosa were obtained from 42 Japanese patients with gastric carcinoma. Tissue levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS IL-1beta levels were significantly higher in the neoplasm than in the corresponding normal mucosa. The IL-6 levels in the neoplasm correlated significantly with the depth of invasion and lymphatic invasion. High levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 were characteristic of non-scirrhous type gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION These results suggest that IL-1beta and IL-6 are involved in the growth and progression of human gastric carcinoma.
An updated synthesis of the impacts of ocean acidification on marine biodiversity

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Reuse of the figures is subject to permission from the original rights holders. Acknowledgments The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity acknowledges with appreciation the generous financial support received from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for undertaking and coordinating the research for this updated synthesis as well as the European Commission for the production of this publication. The Secretariat also wishes to thank the following editors, lead authors and reviewers for their contributions, together with the Secretariat staff who edited the draft report and coordinated the production of this publication:Additional details given in the Annex on page 99). Reviewers The following countries, organizations and individuals are amongst those who kindly provided comments on an initial draft of this report: Marine and coastal biodiversity – ecosystems, species and genetic material – provide enormous benefits for human well-being. Hundreds of millions of people rely directly on marine biodiversity for their livelihoods. Oceans are critical to many important global geo-chemical processes, such as climate regulation and carbon cycling. Ocean ecosystems provide critical life supporting services to the global population and underpin global productivity and well-being. However, the oceans are facing major threats due to rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In addition to driving global climate change, increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide affect ocean chemistry, impacting marine ecosystems and compromises the health of the oceans and their ability to provide important services to the global community. The impacts of ocean acidification are beginning to be felt in some areas, but future projections indicate even more broad-reaching deleterious impacts if action is not taken. At its ninth meeting, the Conference of the Parties to the CBD raised concerns about the potential impacts of ocean acid-ification on marine and coastal biodiversity and requested the Executive Secretary, in collaboration with Parties, other Governments, and relevant organizations, to compile and …
Title : Fixing a snag in carbon emissions estimates from wildfires

This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/gcb.14716 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. MR. JEFFREY STENZEL (Orcid ID : 0000-0001-8881-0566) DR. JAMES A. LUTZ (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-2560-0710) DR. BEVERLY E. LAW (Orcid ID : 0000-0002-1605-1203) Article type : Technical Advances
Response of Jatropha on a Clay Soil to Different Concentrations of Micronutrients

In recent years Jatropha curcas L. has emerged as a biofuel crop with potential for its production in marginal land with application of treated sewage water. Since this is a new crop for its profitable cultivation, additional research is needed to develop optimal management programs, including macro and micronutrients applications. A pot experiment was conducted in a Greenhouse at the National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt, during 2010 summer to evaluate effects of varying concentrations of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) in irrigation water (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm) on the growth, biomass production, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral nutrients status in the plants. Increasing concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn in irrigation water up to 150 ppm increased the biomass weight, photosynthetic pigments, and nutrient uptake by Jatropha plants. Further increase in concentrations of micronutrients showed negative effects on the above response parameters. Therefore, this study demonstrates that Jatropha can be grown under irrigation using waste water containing reasonable concentrations of micronutrients and heavy metals. This property of Jatropha provides some support for potential use of this crop for phytoremediation of metal contaminated soils. However, long term field research is needed to further verify both the above beneficial effects.
Functional use of Shengjin Hu National Nature Reserve, China, by three species of dabbling ducks preliminary observations

Counts made at Shengjin Lake, China, in 2008/09 found internationally important numbers of Falcated Duck Anas falcata and nationally important numbers of Baikal Teal Anas formosa wintering at the site. Activity budgets showed that neither species fed at all during daylight hours in February, but that the large raft of ducks took to the air at dusk and flew to harvested rice fields to feed at night. Baikal Teal had departed the site by early April, whereas Falcated Duck activity budgets at this time showed the species remaining to forage in a series of feeding/loafing cycles on the lake during the day, having abandoned night-time feeding in the fields. In contrast, the more common and widespread Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha, which also winters in the area, remained to feed on the lake throughout the day, although the possibility remains that they may also feed in fields if they leave the lake after dark. These findings confirm that the globally threatened Falcated Duck and globally vulnerable Baikal Teal derive a major part of their energy and nutrition from agricultural fields at Shengjin Lake National Nature Reserve in mid-winter, potentially putting them at risk of land-use change and pesticides in the vicinity. On the other hand, the gleaning of waste unharvested grain creates no agricultural conflict and offers opportunities for developing management agreements with farmers, which would provide a feeding resource for maintaining and enhancing stocks of these ducks wintering at the site.
Re-enchanting Financial Markets: Community, Myth and Morality

Technology has contributed to what Max Weber termed the disenchantment of the world. Employees risk being deprived of their experience of meaning in work. Presently, we observe magic, morality and narrative being allowed to enter business. Re-enchantment is a broad, but ignored tendency characterising the present exit from industrial society and stretching into financial markets. This piece of research takes a micro-sociological interest in the mentality and culture of financial markets. It also has a macro-sociological character in dealing with the rationalization of society. Three major aspects of a desired re-enchantment are studied; community, myth and morality.
Interactive view-dependent rendering over networks

Despite the rapid improvements in graphics hardware and network technology, interactive rendering of large online triangle models remains a big challenge. Rendering acceleration techniques such as Level-of-Detail (LOD) and visibility culling provide promising solutions for reducing the rendering load on the client as well as optimizing model transmission from the server to the client. In this thesis, we investigate client-server based rendering of two distinct types of 3D scenes. The first type is composed of a single highly detailed object, and the best rendering acceleration and scene transmission strategy is view-dependent LOD. The second type is a large collection of densely distributed objects of small to medium sizes, for which visibility culling technique is the best choice. A common problem faced by the client-server based rendering of both types of scenes is the delay in rendering caused by the network latency. Therefore, we focus our research work on three aspects: clientserver based view-dependent LOD, visibility-based scene transmission and overcoming network latency for client-server based rendering. For online browsing of a single large model, we propose a new view-dependent LOD scheme that is favorable to the client-server architecture with low-capacity clients. The multiresolution hierarchy and the selective mesh are decoupled into two relatively independent units to fit the server-client architecture, and the selective mesh and meshupdates are managed in an efficient way for low-capacity clients. The algorithm for i ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library
Coseismic and Early Postseismic Deformation of the 5 January 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig Earthquake from Static and Kinematic GPS Solutions

Static (low‐rate, 30 s) and kinematic (high‐rate, 1 s) Global Positioning System solutions are employed to investigate the near‐field coseismic and early postseismic deformation associated with the 5 January 2013 Craig M w 7.5 earthquake. Based on the static solutions, the coseismic slip distribution has an average slip of ∼6 m, a geodetic moment M of 1.5×1020 N·m, and a magnitude M w of 7.4. A comparison of the static and kinematic results indicates that early (first 4 days) postseismic deformation was small compared to the coseismic deformation. The postseismic transient can be characterized by a logarithmic decay function with an average decay time constant of about 56 days. Substantial postseismic deformation is observed over the first ∼1.6 yrs of the earthquake and can be explained by afterslip on an adjacent segment of the fault to the southeast of the main coseismic rupture. Additional study will be needed to confirm whether afterslip is indeed the dominant mechanism causing postseismic motions or if another mechanism is also active. Online Material: Figures showing high‐rate Global Positioning System time series and model fits for selected sites.
Adaptation to climate change in international river basins in Africa: a review / Adaptation au changement climatique dans les bassins fluviaux internationaux en Afrique: une revue

Abstract This paper reviews current knowledge of the potential impacts of climate change on water resources in Africa and the possible limits, barriers or opportunities for adaptation to climate change in internationally-shared river basins. Africa faces significant challenges to water resources management in the form of high variability and regional scarcity, set within the context of generally weak institutional capacity. Management is further challenged by the transboundary nature of many of its river basins. Climate change, despite uncertainty about the detail of its impacts on water resources, is likely to exacerbate many of these challenges. River basins, and the riparian states that share them, differ in their capacities to adapt. Without appropriate cooperation adaptation may be limited and uneven. Further research to examine the factors and processes that are important for cooperation to lead to positive adaptation outcomes and the increased adaptive capacity of water management institutions is suggested.
Data Remanence in Semiconductor Devices

A paper published in 1996 examined the problems involved in truly deleting data from magnetic storage media and also made a mention of the fact that similar problems affect data held in semiconductor memory. This work extends the brief coverage of this area given in the earlier paper by providing the technical background information necessary to understand remanence issues in semiconductor devices. Data remanence problems affect not only obvious areas such as RAM and non-volatile memory cells but can also occur in other areas of the device through hot-carrier effects (which change the characteristics of the semiconductors in the device), electromigration (which physically alter the device itself), and various other effects which are examined alongside the more obvious memory-cell remanence problems. The paper concludes with some design and device usage guidelines which can be useful in reducing remanence effects.