Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The cost of host genetic resistance on body condition: Evidence from divergently selected sheep

Trade‐offs between host resistance to parasites and host growth or reproduction can occur due to allocation of limited available resources between competing demands. To predict potential trade‐offs arising from genetic selection for host resistance, a better understanding of the associated nutritional costs is required. Here, we studied resistance costs by using sheep from lines divergently selected on their resistance to a common blood‐feeding gastro‐intestinal parasite (Haemonchus contortus). First, we assessed the effects of selection for high or low host resistance on condition traits (body weight, back fat, and muscle thickness) and infection traits (parasite fecal egg excretion and loss in blood haematocrit) at various life stages, in particular during the periparturient period when resource allocation to immunity may limit host resistance. Second, we analysed the condition–infection relationship to detect a possible trade‐off, in particular during the periparturient period. We experimentally infected young females in four stages over their first 2 years of life, including twice around parturition (at 1 year and at 2 years of age). Linear mixed‐model analyses revealed a large and consistent between‐line difference in infection traits during growth and outside of the periparturient period, whereas this difference was strongly attenuated during the periparturient period. Despite their different responses to infection, lines had similar body condition traits. Using covariance decomposition, we then found that the phenotypic relationship between infection and condition was dominated by direct infection costs arising from parasite development within the host. Accounting for these within‐individual effects, a cost of resistance on body weight was detected among ewes during their first reproduction. Although this cost and the reproductive constraint on resistance are unlikely to represent a major concern for animal breeding in nutrient‐rich environments, this study provides important new insights regarding the nutritional costs of parasite resistance at different lifestages and how these may affect response to selection.
Drug Repurposing by Tumor Tissue Editing

The combinatory use of drugs for systemic cancer therapy commonly aims at the direct elimination of tumor cells through induction of apoptosis. An alternative approach becomes the focus of attention if biological changes in tumor tissues following combinatory administration of regulatorily active drugs are considered as a therapeutic aim, e.g., differentiation, transdifferentiation induction, reconstitution of immunosurveillance, the use of alternative cell death mechanisms. Editing of the tumor tissue establishes new biological ‘hallmarks’ as a ‘pressure point’ to attenuate tumor growth. This may be achieved with repurposed, regulatorily active drug combinations, often simultaneously targeting different cell compartments of the tumor tissue. Moreover, tissue editing is paralleled by decisive functional changes in tumor tissues providing novel patterns of target sites for approved drugs. Thus, agents with poor activity in non-edited tissue may reveal new clinically meaningful outcomes. For tissue editing and targeting edited tissue novel requirements concerning drug selection and administration can be summarized according to available clinical and pre-clinical data. Monoactivity is no pre-requisite, but combinatory bio-regulatory activity. The regulatorily active dose may be far below the maximum tolerable dose, and besides inhibitory active drugs stimulatory drug activities may be integrated. Metronomic scheduling often seems to be of advantage. Novel preclinical approaches like functional assays testing drug combinations in tumor tissue are needed to select potential drugs for repurposing. The two-step drug repurposing procedure, namely establishing novel functional systems states in tumor tissues and consecutively providing novel target sites for approved drugs, facilitates the systematic identification of drug activities outside the scope of any original clinical drug approvals.
Aromatic maturity is a cornerstone of terroir expression in red wine

Harvesting grapes at adequate maturity is key to the production of high-quality red wines. Viticulturists, enologists, and wine makers define several types of maturity, including physiological maturity, technological maturity, phenolic maturity, and aromatic maturity. Physiological maturity is a biological concept. Technological maturity and phenolic maturity are relatively well documented in the scientific literature, being linked to quantifiable compounds in grape must. Articles on aromatic maturity are scarcer. This is surprising, because aromatic maturity is, probably, the most important of the four in determining wine quality and typicity, including terroir expression, i.e. the identifiable taste of wine in relation to its origin. Optimal terroir expression can be obtained when technological, phenolic, and aromatic maturity are reached at the same time, or within a short time frame. This is more likely to occur when the ripening takes place under mild temperatures, neither too cool, nor too hot.Aromatic expression in wine can be driven, in order from low to high maturity, by green, herbal, spicy, floral, fresh fruit, ripe fruit, jammy fruit, dried fruit, candied, or cooked fruit aromas. Green and cooked fruit aromas are not desirable in red wines, while the levels of other aromatic nuances contribute to the typicity of the wine in relation to its place of origin. Wines produced in cool climates, or on cool soils in temperate climates, are likely to express herbal or fresh fruit aromas, while wines produced under warm climates, or on warm soils in temperate climates, may express ripe fruit, jammy fruit, or candied fruit aromas.This article reviews the state of the art of compounds underpinning the aromas of wines obtained from grapes harvested at different stages of maturity. Advances in the understanding of how aromatic maturity shapes terroir expression and how it can be manipulated by variety choices and management practices, under current and future climatic conditions, are shown. Early ripening varieties perform better in cool climates and late ripening varieties in warm climates. Additionally, maturity can be advanced or delayed by different canopy management practices or training systems. Timing of harvest also impacts aromatic expression of the produced wine. Gaps in the literature are highlighted to guide future directions of research.
O impacto do design em questionários via celular: relações entre modos de luz, quantidade de perguntas e tempo de resposta

Este estudo avaliou se o design de telas em modo claro (fundo branco com texto escuro) ou escuro (fundo escuro com texto claro) impacta o número de perguntas e tempo que as pessoas respondem a questionários de pesquisa por celular. O estudo contou com processos de design voltado ao usuário (observação, geração de ideias, prototipagem e testagem). Vinte adultos participaram de testes de usabilidade e 120 receberam um link para responder a um longo questionário por celular, devendo clicar em "desistir" quando ficassem cansados. Apesar da maioria dos participantes relatar preferência pelo modo escuro e a média do número de respostas do modo escuro ter sido maior, os testes estatísticos não indicaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, sugerindo que o uso de um design claro ou escuro não influenciou o suficiente no número de perguntas que as pessoas respondem e no tempo que demoram para fazer isso.
On the behaviour of small disturbances in plane Couette flow

The problem considered here is concerned with small disturbances of plane Couette flow. As is usual in such problems it is assumed that the disturbance velocities are sufficiently small to allow the Navier-Stokes equations to be linearized. There results a special case of the well-known Orr-Sommerfeld equation and this is solved by an exact method using a digital computer. The problem has previously been considered by several authors, mostly using approximate methods and their results have been compared where possible with those obtained here. It was possible to proceed to values of αR not in excess of 1000 (α being the wave-number of the disturbance and R the Reynolds number of the basic flow), and the results tend to confirm the belief that Couette flow is stable at all Reynolds numbers.
Massive MIMO Precoding Methods That Minimize the Variation in Average Power and Active Impedance With Channel Conditions

This article investigates the impact of precoding on the performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) transmitters exhibiting nonnegligible antenna crosstalk. For this, a new metric, called the average active impedance, is introduced to quantify the extent of load modulation as a function of the antenna S-parameters and the employed precoding. The new metric is then used to investigate the load modulation under conventional precoding schemes. It is shown that these precoders yield large disparities in average-power levels across the radio frequency (RF) chains, which results in substantial performance variations with channel conditions. Based on this investigation, we propose three new precoding schemes that yield equal average-power (EP) levels across all RF chains, independent of the channel conditions. Numerical simulations and experiments conducted on an mMIMO transmitter prototype confirmed that the proposed schemes improve the transmitter’s resilience to the variation in channel conditions.
An Integrated Model for On-Site Teaching Quality Evaluation Based on Deep Learning

During on-site teaching for university students, the level of concentration of every student is an important indicator for the evaluation of teaching quality. Traditionally, teachers rely on subjective methods for observing students’ learning status. Due to the volume of on-site crowds, teachers are unable to stay on top of the learning status of each student. Meanwhile, because of the subjective evaluation, the results would not be precise. With the fast development of artificial intelligence and machine learning, it is possible to adopt deep learning technology to achieve scientific evaluation of the classroom teaching quality. This paper proposes an integrated evaluation model based on deep learning technology, incorporating YOLOX model, Retinaface model, and SCN model. Among which, YOLOX model is used to detect the area of the students’ upper body, Retinaface model is adopted to assess the head-up rate, and SCN model is used to recognize the facial expression. The experimental results have shown that our model can achieve 93.1% object detection accuracy, more than 85% face recognition accuracy, and 87.39% expression recognition accuracy. We further develop a model to use the combination of head-up rate and facial expression scores to jointly evaluate classroom teaching quality. Five teaching professors’ evaluations of our classroom video images confirmed that our proposed model is effective in objectively evaluating the on-site teaching quality.
Brain Tumors Epidemiology in a Low-Income Health Region of Brazil

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, Brain Tumor (BT), malignant and benign, have an increasing incidence worldwide, mainly in those low and middle-income countries. Objective: According to these growing data in low-income health regions, this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of Neurosurgical BT in a low-income health region in Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. patients who underwent neurosurgery intervention in a high-complexity neurosurgery reference center from 2010 to 2018, with data collect from its medical records (age, gender, type of BT and neurological disorder, pre- and postoperative) were described. Results: A total of 197 patients who underwent a neurosurgical procedure due to Central Nervous System malignant BT was assessed. The mean age was 52.0 years (±16.9), in which 53.8% were female and 41.5% of those patients had a malignant brain tumor. Meningeal and mesenchymal tumors were the most frequent type of non-malignant brain tumor and astrocytoma was the most frequent malignant tumor. Before neurosurgical procedure, 85.8% of patients had some neurological disorder. After this, the number of patients with any deficit reduced to 42.6%. Conclusion: Despite being given data from one of the poorest regions of Brazil, it can be concluded that neurosurgical assistance is compared to that in developed countries. In our results a similar worldwide incidence of BT, and also a similar incidence of neurological disorders before and after neurosurgery were found.
Trust, Identity, and Public-Sphere Pro-environmental Behavior in China: An Extended Attitude-Behavior-Context Theory

Changing human behavior is critical to mitigating the increasingly severe environmental harm. Although numerous studies focus on private-sphere or generalized pro-environmental behavior (PEB), relatively little research examines explicitly public-sphere PEB from a collective action perspective. This study incorporates trust and identity into the Attitude-Behavior-Context (ABC) theory to investigate Chinese residents’ participation in public-sphere PEB. Primary data collected from 648 residents in China tested the model empirically. The results indicate that social trust, environmentalist self-identity, and politicized identity positively predict public-sphere PEB and that institutional trust positively impacts non-activist behaviors but negatively relates to environmental activism. There is also evidence that trust and identity are moderators of attitude and public-sphere PEB. Specifically, social trust and environmentalist self-identity strengthen the effect of attitude on public-sphere PEB. Politicized identity increases the impact of attitude on environmental activism but not on non-activist behaviors, and there is no significant moderating effect of institutional trust. The findings deepen the understanding of public-sphere PEB and make more targeted policies accordingly.
Bringing the SEED Approach to the Next Level: Generating IC Models for System ESD and Electrical Stress Simulation out of Design Data

System-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness design according to ISO10605 or IEC 61000-4-2 on printed circuit board (PCB) level is still a challenge). The blocking point is often the lack of accurate models of complete integrated circuits (ICs). Previously published methodologies to generate ESD models for ICs are all based on measurements of the complete IC, showing the drawback of complex, difficult and time-consuming measurements. This paper proposes a novel methodology to generate ESD models for complete ICs out of their design data. The proposed approach requires no measurements with the complete IC and hence can reduce the effort significantly. Furthermore, the methodology offers the possibility for automation, which further reduces the number of needed resources. It is based on the approach of black box modeling. This means simplified behavioral models are used, which contain solely the characteristic behavior in case of disturbance pulses. The methodology focuses on the transient behavior as well as the physical destruction limits of smart power products. Behavioral model in this context means the transient response due to disturbance pulse in terms of voltage drops and current drain. The procedure is explained and verified step by step on an exemplary product. It can be easily transferred to other products. System designers receive a powerful model for targeting certain robustness of their system against transient disturbances. Further enhancements of the methodology can enable also the soft failure assessment by simulation.
Trench FinFET Nanostructure with Advanced Ferroelectric Nanomaterial HfZrO2 for Sub-60-mV/Decade Subthreshold Slope for Low Power Application

Ferroelectric fin field-effect transistors with a trench structure (trench Fe-FinFETs) were fabricated and characterized. The inclusion of the trench structures improved the electrical characteristics of the Fe-FinFETs. Moreover, short channel effects were suppressed by completely surrounding the trench channel with the gate electrodes. Compared with a conventional Fe-FinFET, the fabricated trench Fe-FinFET had a higher on–off current ratio of 4.1 × 107 and a steep minimum subthreshold swing of 35.4 mV/dec in the forward sweep. In addition, the fabricated trench Fe-FinFET had a very low drain-induced barrier lowering value of 4.47 mV/V and immunity to gate-induced drain leakage. Finally, a technology computer-aided design simulation was conducted to verify the experimental results.
Outage and Throughput of WPCN-SWIPT Networks with Nonlinear EH Model in Nakagami-m Fading

This paper analyzes outage probability and reliable throughput performance of a multi-user wireless-powered communication network-simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (WPCN-SWIPT) network with the logistic function-based (LG) nonlinear energy-harvesting (EH) model in Nakagami-m fading. Power-splitting (PS) receiver architecture is considered. The closed-form expressions of the system outage probability and the system reliable throughput are derived, and then the corresponding asymptotic expressions are also provided to achieve simpler calculation in the high-transmit power scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate the correctness of our derived analytical results and show that the systems under the LG nonlinear and linear EH models have very different performance behaviors. Moreover, since the LG nonlinear EH model is closer to the features of practical EH circuit than the linear one, using the LG nonlinear EH model can avoid the false output results of the system performance evaluation.
Heme Detoxification Protein ( PfHDP) is essential for the hemoglobin uptake and metabolism in Plasmodium falciparum

Hemoglobin degradation is crucial for the growth and survival of Plasmodium falciparum in human erythrocytes. Although the process of Hb degradation has been studied in detail, the mechanisms of Hb uptake remain ambiguous to date. Here, we characterized Heme Detoxification Protein (PfHDP); a protein localized in the parasitophorus vacuole, parasite food vacuole, and infected erythrocyte cytosol for its role in Hb uptake. Immunoprecipitation of PfHDP‐GFP fusion protein from a transgenic line using GFP trap beads showed the association of PfHDP with Hb as well as with the members of PTEX translocon complex. Association of PfHDP with Hb or Pfexp‐2, a component of translocon complex was confirmed by protein–protein interaction and immunolocalization tools. Based on these associations, we studied the role of PfHDP in Hb uptake using the PfHDP‐HA‐GlmS transgenic parasites line. PfHDP knockdown significantly reduced the Hb uptake in these transgenic parasites in comparison to the wild‐type parasites. Morphological analysis of PfHDP‐HA‐GlmS transgenic parasites in the presence of GlcN showed food vacuole abnormalities and parasite stress, thereby causing a growth defect in the development of these parasites. Transient knockdown of a member of translocon complex, PfHSP101 in HSP101‐DDDHA parasites also showed a decreased uptake of Hb inside the parasite. Together, these results advocate an interaction between PfHDP and the translocon complex at the parasitophorus vacuole membrane and also suggest a role for PfHDP in the uptake of Hb and parasite development. The study thus reveals new insights into the function of PfHDP, making it an extremely important target for developing new antimalarials.
In vitro and in silico Evaluation of ACE2 and LOX Inhibitory Activity of Eucalyptus Essential Oils, 1,8-Cineole, and Citronellal

Eucalyptus essential oils are well-known and used especially in upper respiratory tract pathologies or diseases as herbal drug preparations. In the present study, the in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme inhibitory potentials of commercial Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. essential oils were evaluated for their potential anti-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the major components, 1,8-cineole and citronellal, were evaluated for their ability to bind at the active site of either human ACE2 or human 5-LOX using an in silico setting. Before activity evaluation, Eucalyptus globulus and E citriodora essential oils were analysed by GC/FID and GC/MS, where 1,8-cineole (30%), and citronellal (80%) were identified as the major components, respectively. The in vitro ACE2 inhibition was calculated as 94.9% for E globulus, and that of E citriodora essential oil as 83.4%. In vitro LOX inhibition experiments for essential oils in the same order showed inhibitions of 71.3 and 91.4%, respectively, at 20 µg/mL test concentrations in microplate-based fluorometric assays. In addition, protein–ligand docking, and interaction profiling was used to gain structural and mechanistic insights into the in silico ACE2 and LOX inhibitory potentials of the major Eucalyptus essential oil constituents, 1,8-cineole as well as citronellal. The resulting data supported the in vitro findings; however, further in vivo studies are needed to confirm the activity.
Elastic Electroadhesion with Rapid Release by Integrated Resonant Vibration

Soft robotic grippers have gained a growing interest due to their inherent compliance which passively adapts to a variety of object shapes and electroadhesion (EA) has attracted particular attention due to its versatile, low impact adhesion. EA shows potential for the precise manipulation of thin and flexible substrates such as plastic films, which is crucial to the advancement of flexible electronics fabrication. However, the rapid release of substrates is a challenge with EA due to the residual charge and relatively slow dielectric natural relaxation time that exists when the applied voltage switched off. Here, a novel soft gripping technology that integrates a dielectric elastomer actuator with an EA into a soft, monolithic structure to achieve rapid de‐adhesion is presented. This inherently compliant device exploits resonant excitation to minimize the release period to a range of 100–500 ms, which is an improvement of at least two orders of magnitude compared with conventional EA release. The developed end effector demonstrates rapid and robust adhesion/de‐adhesion performance in a lightweight and compact form, with simplified control and low energy consumption and hence has wide application to a variety of robotic manipulation tasks.
SFS-A68: a dataset for the segmentation of space functions in apartment buildings

Analyzing building models for usable area, building safety, or energy analysis requiresfunction classification data of spaces and related objects. Automated space function classificationis desirable to reduce input model preparation effort and errors. Existing space function classifiersuse space feature vectors or space connectivity graphs as input. The application of deep learning(DL) image segmentation methods to space function classification has not been studied. As aninitial step towards addressing this gap, we present a dataset, SFS-A68, that consists of input andground truth images generated from 68 digital 3D models of space layouts of apartment buildings.The dataset is suitable for developing DL models for space function segmentation. We use thedataset to train and evaluate an experimental space function segmentation network based ontransfer learning and training from scratch. Test results confirm the applicability of DL imagesegmentation for space function classification.