Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acyclic-and-Asymmetric Payoff Triplet Refinement of Pure Strategy Efficient Nash Equilibria in Trimatrix Games by Maximinimin and Superoptimality

Background. A problem of selecting amongst efficient Nash equilibria is solved by refining them. The existing approaches to refining do not guarantee that the refined efficient Nash equilibrium will be single. Nevertheless, a novel approach to refining pure strategy efficient Nash equilibria in bimatrix games suggested before exploits the maximin and superoptimality rule that, at least partially, remove the uncertainty of the equilibria. Objective. The goal of the article is to develop the bimatrix game approach expanding it over trimatrix games for refining efficient Nash equilibria as much further as possible. Methods. An efficient Nash equilibria refinement is suggested for trimatrix games, which is based on expanding the refinement approach for bimatrix games, exploiting the maximinimin and superoptimality. Games with acyclic-andasymmetric payoff triplets are only considered. Results. Series of trimatrix game simulations allow concluding on that whereas the refinement is needed in about between 33 % and 65 % of trimatrix games where players possess between 4 to 12 pure strategies (this rate increases as the game size increases), it is perfectly accomplished to a single metaequilibrium in roughly between 46 % and 52 % of those cases (this rate decreases as the game size increases), using maximinimin only, without the superoptimality rule. Exploiting the maximin, expanded to the maximinimin principle, and superoptimality using now doublesumming, the main work for the refinement is off the maximinimin principle. Conclusions. An algorithm for the developed approach refinement in trimatrix games is very simple. It consists of four generalized items. Although a total fail of the refinement is not excluded, the aggregate efficiency of removing the uncertainty of equilibria by the maximinimin principle and superoptimality rule seems satisfactory.
A new integral inequality and its applications to robust control problems of uncertain nonlinear systems

In this paper, a new integral inequality is presented. By combining this integral inequality with adaptive approach, new design methods can be developed to synthesize some adaptive robust control schemes for a large class of uncertain nonlinear systems and to deal with well the unknown nonlinearities appearing in uncertain nonlinear control dynamical systems. As an application of the presented integral inequality to control theory, the robust stabilization problem is considered for a class of uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with both time‐delay and unknown dead‐zone input nonlinearities. It is shown that there are two main merits in the design method based on the integral inequality presented in this paper. The first one is that one need not estimate and know the unknown nonlinearities to synthesize some stabilizing control schemes. The second one is that the resulting feedback control schemes have rather simple structure.
Biomedical classification application and parameters optimization of mixed kernel SVM based on the information entropy particle swarm optimization

Abstract The types of kernel function and relevant parameters’ selection in support vector machine (SVM) have a major impact on the performance of the classifier. In order to improve the accuracy and generalization ability of the model, we used mixed kernel function SVM classification algorithm based on the information entropy particle swarm optimization (PSO): on the one hand, the generalization ability of classifier is effectively enhanced by constructing a mixed kernel function with global kernel function and local kernel function; on the other hand, the accuracy of classification is improved through optimization for related kernel parameters based on information entropy PSO. Compared with PSO-RBF kernel and PSO-mixed kernel, the improved PSO-mixed kernel SVM can effectively improve the classification accuracy through the classification experiment on biomedical datasets, which would not only prove the efficiency of this algorithm, but also show that the algorithm has good practical application value in biomedicine prediction.
Compared Methods for Reducing Stress in ROP Exams; Stake-Holding Examiner Perspective

Purpose To better understand the sensory impact of retinal exam components typically experienced by infants undergoing various retinopathy of prematurity staging examinations, adults concerned for infant welfare and exam quality underwent similar exams to compare their perceived stress. Patients and Methods Adults directly involved with ROP exams and infant stress reduction had cardiac monitoring and concomitant ordinal self symptom-score (1–10 Likert) during 15 components of the exam including lid speculum, various scleral depressors, indirect ophthalmoscopy, goniolens and direct ophthalmoscopy and retinal photography (Phoenix ICON) with or without topical anesthesia. Results Nine adults provided impressions and cardiac rhythm gathered supine over 15 minutes. Pain score for topical anesthetic 2 was less than for tropicamide 4. Lid specula numb scored a median 2 level (from 1 to 10) pain but without anesthetic scored 6. The goniolens numb scored 3. Scleral depression numb scored 3–4 but increased to 7 without topical anesthesia. Direct ophthalmoscope scored 3 through the goniolens and the retinal camera scored 4 pain. Brightness with low 350 Lux indirect scored 6–8 numb and 9 brightness without anesthetic. Full bright indirect, direct ophthalmoscope and the retinal camera all had Lux of 3000–4000 and were scored brightness 9, 7 and 10, respectively. Adults had minimal oculocardiac reflex during on-globe retinal examination methods (range 98% to 102%). Conclusion Topical anesthesia provided a moderate reduction in pain during on-globe lid-speculum, scleral depressed indirect examination. There was a synergistic augmented sensory response between pain and brightness. Adults did not show the bradycardia typically elicited by retinal examinations in premature infants.
Numerical study on stability of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow through channel

The stability of steady two-dimensional laminar magnetohydrodynamic flow of viscous incompressible nanofluid through channel has been studied numerically. The basic governing equations in vector form for the flow and thermal field are expressed case by case. The extended governing equations with related boundary conditions are reduced to dimensionless form using appropriate transformations. The resultant nonlinear ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically employing power series with HermitePadé approximation scheme. The effect of temperature dependent thermal conductivity on magnetohydrodynamic radiative flow of Cu-water nanofluid considering viscous dissipation through a vertical parallel channel has been analysed numerically. A stability analysis has been performed for the local rate of heat transfer which specifies the dual solution branch due to thermal conductivity criticality. The influences of the pertinent flow parameters on velocity and temperature profiles are represented graphically. The irreversibility of the system is also displayed in the form of entropy generation rates and Bejan profiles with the effects of flow parameters. A special case study is performed for the pure base water in absence of nanoparticles where the left wall of the channel is taken sliding with a uniform velocity. The entropy generation on magnetohydrodynamic radiative variable thermal conductivity flow of optically thin viscous water-based three different nanofluids through a vertical porous channel is studied. The effect of porosity parameter together with other physical parameters on velocity and temperature distributions, thermal stability conditions and entropy generation of the system are discussed extensively both numerically and graphically. The effects of Cu-water nanofluid on the entropy generation of the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic Jeffery-Hamel flow through divergent channel are analysed. The dominating singularity behaviour of the problem is analysed numerically and graphically. The velocity profiles, temperature distributions and entropy generation rates with Bejan profiles are presented in divergent channel for various values of channel angle, flow Reynolds number along with other flow parameters.
Shape parameters of a floating bubble

For a floating bubble, in the range of Bond numbers based on an equivalent spherical radius, 0 < Boe < 1, we present analytical expressions for various shape parameters of the bubble as functions of Boe. Expressions are obtained for the radius of the rim Rr, the radius of the thin film cap Rc, the height of the top of the cap from the rim hcap, the height of the rim above the free surface hr, and the depth of the bubble cavity from the free surface Zc. To obtain these expressions, we solve equations formulated in terms of these shape parameters for the meniscus outside the bubble, the force balance of the bubble, the pressure balance at the centre line of the bubble, and geometrical constraints, after neglecting the deformation of the bubble cavity for Boe < 1. The obtained expressions are shown to match well with our experimental measurements of the shape of the bubble. In addition to these expressions, we also present simpler approximations that can be used accurately as scaling laws for these shape parameters up to Boe < 0.5.
Assisting ELT Teachers: Designing Activities for the Use of ChatGPT in Teaching and Learning

This research aims to explore the potential of ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, in enhancing teaching and learning. The study focuses on designing activities that use ChatGPT to engage learners in language and content-based tasks. The research method includes a literature review and a design-based research approach. The literature review examines the current state of the art in the use of language models in education and identifies key issues, challenges, and opportunities. The design-based research approach involves developing, implementing, and evaluating a series of activities that use ChatGPT to facilitate language and content learning. The study aims to contribute to the development of innovative and effective pedagogical practices that leverage the power of language models in education. The results of the study will be of interest to educators, researchers, and developers who are interested in the integration of AI and education.
An Interpretable Multivariate Time-Series Anomaly Detection Method in Cyber–Physical Systems Based on Adaptive Mask

The high complexity and wide applications of cyber–physical systems (CPSs) pose a large requirement on both accuracy and interpretability of the time-series anomaly detection algorithms. While a large number of deep learning algorithms have achieved excellent accuracy, the interpretability is often limited, especially when considering retaining correlations in multivariate time series. In this article, we propose a novel multivariate time-series anomaly detection method based on the adaptive masking mechanism to improve both accuracy and interpretability, which contains a specially designed series saliency module. For more intuitive and interpretable results, a learnable adaptive mask is introduced in the series saliency module, which can disclose the influence on anomalies in both feature and temporal dimensions. The original time series and their versions with adaptive perturbations added are then mixed via the mask forming an adaptive data augmentation method to improve the accuracy of anomaly detection. Furthermore, the anomaly detection module is model agnostic, whether based on forecasting or reconstruction. The optimization of the training objectives will lead to more accurate and interpretable detection results. With four real-world data sets, we demonstrate that the adaptive mask can provide more accurate anomaly detection results with meaningful interpretations in the form of a mask matrix.
Học tiếng Anh trên thiết bị di động của học sinh và sinh viên Việt Nam: Một nghiên cứu so sánh

Hiện nay, nhu cầu học tiếng Anh nói chung và học tiếng Anh trên thiết bị di động của thanh thiếu niên Việt Nam rất lớn. Tuy nhiên, chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu về hiệu quả của việc sử dụng thiết bị di động (TBDĐ) cho mục đích học tập, trong đó có học tiếng Anh của thanh thiếu niên Việt Nam. Bài viết này trình bày kết quả của một nghiên cứu về thói quen sử dụng TBDĐ và sự khác nhau giữa học sinh và sinh viên về học tiếng Anh trên TBDĐ. Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp kết hợp định lượng và định tính, kỹ thuật thống kê mô tả và suy luận để phân tích dữ liệu thu thập được từ 655 phiếu khảo sát và 23 cuộc phỏng vấn học sinh, sinh viên sống ở nông thôn và thành thị tại ba miền Bắc, Trung, Nam của Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy thanh thiếu niên sử dụng TBDĐ cho các mục đích giải trí, tìm kiếm thông tin là chủ yếu và cho mục đích học trực tuyến còn tương đối hạn chế. Có sự khác nhau giữa thanh thiếu niên sống ở nông thôn và thành thị, giữa học sinh và sinh viên, giữa sinh viên chuyên ngữ và không chuyên ngữ về thói quen và mục đích sử dụng TBDĐ để học trực tuyến. Tuy nhiên, cả hai nhóm đối tượng khảo sát đều cho rằng TBDĐ có thể sử dụng hiệu quả cho việc tăng cường các kỹ năng nghe, đọc và nói, nhưng thiết bị này không thuận tiện để học viết tiếng Anh. Nghiên cứu đề xuất cần xây dựng phần mềm, ứng dụng di động có nội dung phù hợp với các đối tượng này nhằm thúc đẩy hơn nữa hiệu quả việc học tiếng Anh trên thiết bị di động ở Việt Nam. Currently there is a strong need for English language learning in general and mobile English language learning in particular among Vietnamese teenagers. Nonetheless, there are few studies about the effectiveness of using mobile devices (MD) for learning, including English language learning by this target group of learners. This paper presents the results of a study on purposes of using MD and the differences between school and university students in their mobile English language learning. The study utilized mix-methods approach, descriptive and inferential techniques to analyse data collected from 655 surveys and 23 interviews with students in three regions: northern, central and southern Vietnam. The study findings revealed that teenagers used MD for entertainment, information searching the most and online learning the least. There are differences between rural and urban, school and university as well as between English and non-English majored students in their prior experience with online English language learning and current usage of MD for online learning. Both school and university students perceived that MD could be effectively used to enhance listening, reading and speaking skills, but the device was not as useful for writing skills. The study suggests that it is necessary to develop software and applications with suitable content for this target group of learners in order to further enhance the quality of mobile English language learning in Vietnam.
Sleep Quality of Undergraduate Medical Students during and Post-Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Research

Background: The COVID-19 and associated lockdowns have significantly impacted the lives of undergraduate medical students, including their sleep quality. This study attempts to investigate how sleep patterns, sleep quality, and associated factors altered during and post-lockdown. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 171 medical students from colleges registered under the National Medical Council participated. The study used a validated PSQI questionnaire. The data collected through Google forms were analyzed using SPSS v2021. Result: Among 171 study participants, 9.4% had bad sleep quality during lockdown which reduced to 4.7% post-lockdown significantly. Sleep latency and sleep duration were also significantly affected by the lockdown. There was a weak correlation between PSQI score during and post-lockdown, suggesting that individuals with poor sleep quality during lockdown also had poor sleep post-lockdown. According to the study, poor sleep quality decreased after lockdown as opposed to lockdown, with improvements in sleep latency and decreased use of sleep duration. Conclusion: However, there was a weak correlation between PSQI score during and post-lockdown. Increased screen time during lockdown negatively affected sleep quality, emphasizing the importance of practicing sleep hygiene and promoting outdoor activities to reduce stress levels and improve mental health.
"The Future of Elective Oocyte Cryopreservation in Extending Women’s Reproductive Potential"

The rate of first birth to women aged 35-39, as well as age 40-44, continues to increase in the U.S. and many countries [1]. Increasing emphasis on education, later age at marriage, access to effective contraception and opportunity for career advancement are among many reasons for this trend. However, with increasing maternal age, fertility decreases dramatically beginning at 35, due to decreasing oocyte quantity and quality, resulting in increasing chromosomal abnormalities seen in failure to conceive, miscarriage and birth defects [2]. Egg donation, using higher quality eggs from young healthy donors, has historically been the treatment of choice for women wishing to conceive in their fourth and fifth decades of life. The success of oocyte cryopreservation (OC) has led to increased interest in freezing mature oocytes to extend the reproductive capacity in otherwise healthy women wishing to delay childbearing. Planned OC performed at a younger age, prior to decreasing ovarian reserve, allows for having a child using a woman’s own genetic material later in life. With improvements in vitrification of mature oocytes, as well as significantly improved fertilization using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the pregnancy rates using cryopreserved oocytes were found to be comparable to those found using fresh oocytes with IVF [3]. More importantly, studies of the health of babies born following the use of oocyte cryopreservation have shown no increase in congenital abnormalities [4,5]. With these reassuring clinical results, OC was no longer considered experimental by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) in 2012 [6] and has found widespread clinical acceptance.
Defect Formation of Light-Emitting Particles during the Synthesis of a Hierarchical Porous Surface of ZnO/SiO2/Si Structures

: The formation of structures of different sizes on the surface of a single sample and the study of the mechanisms of their excitations and energy transitions is a promising area of research. ZnO/SiO 2 /Si heterostructures were formed by two-stage electrochemical etching of silicon wafers and synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles using sol-gel technology. By scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, various pores and clusters were identified. The presence of five levels of surface hierarchy provided the synthesis of light-emitting particles with different properties. Light emission mechanisms are associated with the recombination of excitons and the hyperfine structure of charged particles trapped on oxygen vacancy
Oral processing and perception of food emulsions : the relevance for fat reduction in food

Abstract: The textural sensory functionality of emulsion droplets in foods is largely due to their effect on the rheological behaviour (such as viscosity and fracture behaviour), and importantly also to their effects on friction between the oral surfaces and on lubrication of the food bolus. Crucial in this is that much of this functionality is dependent on structural changes in the food emulsions that occur upon processing in the mouth. This chapter gives an overview of the main topics relevant for understanding the role of fat in the textural sensory perception of food emulsions, and discusses strategies to compensate for the sensory loss that accompanies fat reduction.
Features of cosmic ray neutron monitor intensity in relation to CMEs and IMF

It is well known that Coronal Mass Ejections are vast structures of plasma and magnetic fields that are ex- pelled from the sun into the heliosphere, which is detected by remote sensing and in-situ spacecraft observations. Re- cent work indicates that the open magnetic flux from coronal holes may be a more important driver of cosmic-ray modulation than coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which originate from closed-field regions on the Sun. Influence of four types of CMEs namely Asymmetric 'Full' Halo CMEs, Partial Halo CMEs, Asymmetric and Complex 'Full' Halo CMEs and 'Full' Halo CMEs on cosmic ray neutron monitor intensity have been investigated in this study. The data of two different ground based neutron monitors and CME events observed with instruments onboard and Wind spacecraft have been used in the present analysis. The method of superposed epoch (Chree) analysis has been used to the arrival times of these CMEs. The occurrence frequency of three different types of CMEs used in the present anal- ysis shows complex behavior. However, significant increase in cosmic ray intensity is observed few days after the onset of asymmetric full halo and few days after the onset of full halo CMEs. The fluctuations in cosmic ray intensity are more prior to the onset of both types of the CMEs. However, during Partial Halo CMEs the cosmic ray intensity peaks, 8- 9 days prior to the onset of CMEs and depressed 3 days prior to the onset of CMEs, whereas in case of asymmetric and complex full CMEs, the intensity depressed 2 days prior to the onset of CMEs and enhanced 2 days after the onset of CMEs. The deviations in cosmic ray intensity are more pronounced in case for asymmetric and complex full halo CMEs compared to other CMEs. The cosmic ray intensity shows nearly good anti-correlation with interplanetary magnetic field strength (B) during asymmetric full halo CMEs and partial halo CMEs, whereas it shows poor correlation with B during other CMEs. The interplanetary magnetic field strength B shows significant characteristics before and after the onset of these three types of CMEs.
Genome-Wide Identification of WRKY Gene Family and Functional Characterization of CcWRKY25 in Capsicum chinense

Pepper is renowned worldwide for its distinctive spicy flavor. While the gene expression characteristics of the capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway have been extensively studied, there are already a few reports regarding transcriptional regulation in capsaicin biosynthesis. In this study, 73 WRKYs were identified in the genome of Capsicum chinense, and their physicochemical traits, DNA, and protein sequence characteristics were found to be complex. Combining RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data, the WRKY transcription factor CA06g13580, which was associated with the accumulation tendency of capsaicinoid, was screened and named CcWRKY25. CcWRKY25 was highly expressed in the placenta of spicy peppers. The heterologous expression of CcWRKY25 in Arabidopsis promoted the expression of genes PAL, 4CL1, 4CL2, 4CL3, CCR, and CCoAOMT and led to the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids. Furthermore, the expression of the capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway genes (CBGs) pAMT, AT3, and KAS was significantly reduced in CcWRKY25-silenced pepper plants, resulting in a decrease in the amount of capsaicin. However, there was no noticeable difference in lignin accumulation. The findings suggested that CcWRKY25 could be involved in regulating capsaicinoid synthesis by promoting the expression of genes upstream of the phenylpropanoid pathway and inhibiting CBGs’ expression. Moreover, the results highlighted the role of CcWRKY25 in controlling the pungency of pepper and suggested that the competitive relationship between lignin and capsaicin could also regulate the spiciness of the pepper.