Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Oceanic magmatism in sedimentary basins of the northern Gulf of California rift

Rift-related magmatism in the northernmost Gulf of California and the adjacent subaerial Salton Trough and Cerro Prieto basins comprises intermediate to rhyolitic surfi cial and buried lava fl ows and domes, including their xenolith cargo. In addition, geothermal drill wells frequently penetrate subsurface gabbroic to granitic sills and dikes, which intruded into Colorado River delta fl uviatile and lacustrine sediments. Combined singlecrystal U-Th-Pb and (U-Th)/He zircon ages reveal late Pleistocene to Holocene eruption ages for three volcanic centers in adjacent rift basins (from N to S): Salton Buttes (eruption age: 2.48 ± 0.47 ka; 95% confi dence), Cerro Prieto (maximum eruption age: 73 ± 7 ka), and Roca Consag (eruption age: 43 ± 6 ka). U-Th zircon and allanite crystallization ages are close to the eruption ages, with the exception of Roca Consag lava, the zircon population of which is dominated by zircon with ca. 1 Ma crystallization ages, a population interpreted to be recycled from an unknown crustal source underlying the Wagner basin. Nd isotopic ratios for subsurface micro gabbros from Cerro Prieto (eNd = +8.9) overlap with values for midoceanic-ridge basalts (MORB) from the East Pacifi c Rise, adjacent to the southern Gulf of California. Cerro Prieto microgranites and Salton Sea basaltic xenoliths have similarly elevated eNd values. The lowest eNd value for late Pleistocene–Holo cene igneous rocks from the northern Gulf of California is for Cerro Prieto dacitic lava (eNd = +0.6). This value implies minor (<20%) assimilation of continental crustal rocks, which, however, is an upper limit because of crystal-scale evidence for magma contamination by unconsolidated sediment at the time of eruption. Zircon crystals in felsic rocks (rhyolite lavas, intrusive microgranites, and granophyre xenoliths) have trace-element and submantle δ 18 O compositions that are robust indicators for a mafi c source that has exchanged oxygen by interacting with meteoric hydrothermal fl uids. Collectively, these data imply that oceanic rifting has initiated in the Salton Trough and Cerro Prieto basins. There, MORB-type magmas formed mafi c intrusions within thick sedimentary basin fi ll, where they became exposed to deep-reaching hydrothermal fl uids. Diverse intermediate- to high-silica rhyolitic magmas that are prevalent at the surface are produced by fractional crystallization of mafi c parental magmas with minor assimilation of sediments or pre-rift basement rocks, and by partial melting of hydrothermally altered mafi c intrusions.
Angular Memory of Photonic Metasurfaces

Nonlinear materials can exhibit bistability, namely support different possible outputs for the same input, depending on the excitation history. This property can find direct application to photonic memory devices, the vast majority of which operate by changing the amplitude of the incoming signals. In this work, we study impedance metasurfaces producing hysteresis responses with respect to impinging beam angle by keeping a fixed intensity profile; accordingly, the considered setups remember the history of illumination incidence. The reported findings may open new unexplored avenues toward the design of photonic systems supporting a wide range of fixed-power memory functionalities from switching and sensing to information storage and data writing.
Risk Factors of Childhood Diarrhoeal Diseases in Bangladesh: Evidence from a Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey

Globally, different episodes of diarrhoeal diseases are one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Diarrhoeal diseases among children under five years of age have been considered as the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh although it has declined recently. In this study, the most recently published Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 (MICS 2019) data were used to observe the prevalence of childhood diarrhoea and to identify the socio-economic and demographic risk factors of childhood diarrhoea in Bangladesh. The chi-square test was used in this study to identify the risk factors of childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Bangladesh. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea among children under five years of age in Bangladesh was found 6.9% in the last Risk factors of childhood diarrhoeal diseases in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Journal of Health Systems and Policies (JHESP), 3,97-109 two weeks preceding the survey. The findings of the study identified that child age less than two years, an unimproved facility of toilet or source of drinking water, floor material made of earth/sand, no handwashing place observed in dwelling/ yard/plot, lower or no education of mothers and household heads, lower economic status, three or more under-five children living in the family are the most potential risk factors of childhood diarrhea in Bangladesh. Improved source of drinking water supply, better sanitation, hygiene practice, mother’s knowledge and consciousness about diarrhoea and, timely treatment and can reduce the burden of childhood diarrhoea in Bangladesh. The quality of existing child healthcare services like oral rehydration therapy (ORT) during diarrhoea, rotavirus vaccination programs should be improved at all stages without any discrimination which will contribute to a reduction in childhood morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea in Bangladesh.
Sulfate-rich wastewater treatment using an integrated anaerobic/aerobic biological system

Este estudio evalua el desempeno de un sistema integrado anaerobico / aerobico (IAAB) utilizado para el tratamiento biologico de efluentes ricos en sulfato mediante la reduccion de sulfato y la oxidacion de sulfuro. Por separado, se adapto un lodo anaerobico a condiciones reductoras de sulfato y se activo un lodo aerobico. Una vez concluida la activacion de los lodos, se integro el sistema IAAB, compuesto por un reactor anaerobico reductor de sulfato (ASRr) y un reactor aerobio oxidante de sulfuro (ASOr), y se hizo funcionar con una solucion sintetica rica en sulfato. Se variaron tanto la tasa de carga organica (OLR) como la relacion DQO / SO 4 2- . Durante los 43 dias de adaptacion de la ASRr, un 1 COD / SO 4 2-La relacion causo un desplazamiento casi completo de la actividad metanogenica por la actividad reductora de sulfato. Las eficiencias de remocion en el sistema IAAB para DQO, sulfato y sulfuro producido fueron 90%, 60% y 99%, respectivamente. Al final de la operacion del sistema IAAB, el flujo de electrones se dirigio principalmente a la actividad sulfidogenica, que representa el 91%. Este estudio demuestra que un sistema biologico anaerobico / aerobico de dos pasos que opera a OLR alto puede usarse para la remocion de sulfato y materia organica de aguas residuales ricas en sulfato como una alternativa a los metodos convencionales.
PREREQUISITES TO THE SUCCESS OF HOTEL PRODUCTS

Actual basic characteristics of tourist movements of globalization, standardization, market segmentation and computerization, impose to the responsible managers the need of defining that kind of hotel product which would be so attractive with its content to find that part of the consumers which will finally consume that product. This fact goes in favor to the fact that for the entire hotel offer is important the element of exploration of tourist market and defining the segment of tourist demand which has to draw attention, wake up the interest, provoke the desire and initiate on the action with its attractiveness. The hotel product, as the first element of marketing mix, is made of material and unmaterial services which are offered to the hotel guests, and same thing is with hotel service that is in fact a group of many services with which we fulfill the guest’s needs of accommodation, food and drink, and other services that are paid in the usual way in hotelery. When it is mentioned usual and specific hotelery way that means the way on which the guest will satisfy his own needs and motives of traveling. Working we explore the necessary assumptions which have to be fullfiled for better placing of hotel product on the more squemish and demanding tourist market.
Consumption in the Circular Economy: A Literature Review

A circular economy (CE) aims at decoupling value creation from waste generation and resource use by radically transforming production and consumption systems. Recent reviews on the topic of the circular economy have indicated that cultural barriers are a significant factor hindering the diffusion of so-called ‘circular’ business models, particularly the lack of consumer—or user—acceptance. However, none of them has provided an overview of the existing literature addressing such issues that can help academics and practitioners better understand consumption considerations when addressing the circular economy. Motivated by these observations, this paper presents the results of a literature review that summarises and discusses insights from 111 articles in terms of the problem area, theoretical approaches, methods, and tools that have been used to collect and analyse data, the main issues, and identified research gaps. The results show that most of the existing scientific work on the circular economy and circular solutions addressing consumption has focussed on identifying factors that drive or hinder the consumption of circular solutions. A smaller but expanding set of articles has focussed on offering insights into the nature, meaning, and dynamics of consumption in the context of the circular economy. According to this set of articles, consumption in the circular economy is anonymous, connected, political, uncertain, and based on multiple values, not only utility. A smaller set of papers has explored the integration of user and consumer perspectives into design processes. Although these contributions are relevant, opportunities for further research are still open, particularly regarding socio-material and cultural aspects of consumption in the context of the circular economy, and the role of digitalisation. In addition, more work could be done regarding strategies to foster not only acceptance but also the adoption and diffusion of the circular economy. Based on the findings of this literature review, some ideas for a research agenda on the issue of consumption in the circular economy are outlined.
The Finance-Growth Nexus, again: New Evidence from Kenya

The primary objective of this paper is to shed further light on the connection between financial development and economic growth in Kenya over the period 1960-2013. A Cobb-Douglas production function, augmented by incorporating financial development and other factors, is used. This paper uses a vector autoregressive (VAR) model to determine the causal relationship between financial development and economic development. Three alternative production function representations are proposed: a basic model including financial development and inflation along with capital and labour, a variant adding foreign direct investment (FDI), and a third focusing on the interaction between financial development and FDI. The results show that financial development is a by-product of growth. The interaction between FDI and financial development is causing growth. There is bidirectional causality between growth and the labour force. Policy-makers in Kenya can obtain fruitful impacts of FDI to enhance growth by improving the role of financial development. They may also need to improve the quality of labour to sustain growth.
COMPARING THE PROFITABILITY OF BAKAR AND OTHER VARIETIES OF WHEAT IN DISTRICT CHARSADDA

This study was conducted to estimate the profitability of different varieties of wheat in two villages of District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. A total of 100 respondents were interviewed to collect the data on cost and revenue in the target area. 27.2 percent of the area was under wheat cultivation. 38 percent of the respondents were literate while about 52 percent of the wheat growers were owners. Owner cum tenants and tenants were 15 and 33 percent respectively. Simple budgeting technique was used for estimation. The overall total cost of wheat production was Rs. 20760.2 per acre, while for Bakar variety and other varieties total cost of production were , Rs. 21856 and Rs. 22309 per acre respectively. The overall net return was Rs. 13447.3 per acre; while from Baker variety and other varieties net return were Rs. 11825 and Rs. 12425 per acre respectively. OLS estimation technique was used to analyze contribution of major factors in the wheat yield. The sings of the explanatory variables were found according to our prior expectation of the economic theory. The estimated results of yield function indicated that seed rate, FYM (Farm Yard Manure), NPK (Nitrogen, Phospouras and Potassium) and labor days have positive and significant effect on wheat yield, while number of tractor hours and educational level of the growers have positive but statistically insignificant effect. Finally, it is suggested that extension personal should transfer latest technology and diseases free seeds of wheat to the farmer’s for optimum yield.
The Role of Oceanic Feedback in the Climate Response to Doubling CO2

AbstractTwo suites of partial coupling experiments are devised with the upper-ocean dynamics version (UOM) of the CCSM3 to isolate the effects of the feedbacks from the change of the wind-driven ocean circulation and air–sea heat flux in the global climate response to the forcing of doubling CO2. The partial coupling is achieved by implementing a so-called overriding technique, which helps quantitatively partition the total response in the fully coupled model to the feedback component in question and the response to external forcing in the absence of the former. By overriding the wind stress seen by the ocean and the wind speed through the bulk formula for evaporation, the experiments help to reveal that (i) the wind–evaporation–SST (WES) feedback is the main formation mechanism for the tropical SST pattern under the CO2 forcing, verifying the hypothesis proposed by Xie et al.; (ii) the weakened tropical Pacific wind is shown in this UOM model not to be the cause for the enhanced equatorial Pacific warmin.
Information and analytical support system of enterprise competitiveness management

Under the conditions of intense competitive struggle, integrated assessment methods are gaining increasingly greater importance in the processes of information and analytical support of enterprise development management. Enterprise competitiveness is one of the most universal, and, consequently, methodological and applied features among such generalizing characteristics. However, almost all of the approaches used are characterized by both significant advantages and certain disadvantages as of the date. This study develops a system of information and analytical support for managing enterprise competitiveness in the market of fast moving consumer goods, where competition is near the highest. The author's approach for assessing the competitiveness status of enterprises is developed. For this purpose, a system of indicators is determined, which reveal comprehensively and systematically the main parameters of competitiveness according to its structural components, or subsystems: (1) personnel, (2) property, (3) commodity, (4) organizational. The peculiarity of the approach includes the combination of the method of enterprise position rating in the market, and expert survey, which ends with presentation of the results using the graphical method. Summarizing approbation of the developed methodological approach to the assessment of enterprise competitiveness status, the results allow to allocate the leader enterprises, enterprises of average level of competitiveness, enterprises of attack zones and lost opportunities, and outsider enterprises are obtained. The results include the possibility of implementing a new better and more comprehensive approach for analyzing the status of competitiveness of competing enterprises, which serves as a significant information and analytical basis for policy planning to strengthen the competitive position of businesses for the consumer goods market.
Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis for an Antifalling Safety Device

There is a constant need for the safe operation and reliability of antifalling safety device (AFSD) of an elevator. This paper reports an experimental study on rotation speed and catching torque monitoring and fault diagnosis of an antifalling safety device in a construction elevator. Denoising the signal using wavelet transform is presented in this paper. Based on the denoising effects for several types of wavelets, the sym8 wavelet basis, which introduces the high order approximation and an adaptive threshold, is employed for denoising the signal. The experimental result shows a maximum data error reduction of 7.5% is obtained and SNRs (signal-to-noise ratio) of rotation speed and catching torque are improved for 3.9% and 6.4%, respectively.
Relationship between Vertebral Instability and the Cross-Sectional Area of Lumbar Muscles in Postmenopausal Acute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

Introduction Vertebral instability (VI) in osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) varies from mild to severe. The relationship between the VI of OVFs and independent factors, such as bone mineral density (BMD) and lumbar muscle volume, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether BMD and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of lumbar muscles are related to VI in OVFs. Methods On the basis of the thoracolumbar lateral radiographs of 95 acute OVFs in postmenopausal women (mean age 80.6 years; range: 64-103 years), supine and standing vertebral collapse rates (CRsp and CRst, respectively) were determined. Subsequently, VI was defined as follows: VI=CRst−CRsp. Using axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CSA of the psoas major, erector spinae, and multifidus muscles at the L3/4 intervertebral disc level were measured. The BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur (total hip) was measured for all participants using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The patients were classified into group 1 (VI <20%) and group 2 (VI ≥20%). Results We observed a negative correlation between VI and CSA of the erector spinae muscle (r=−0.3962, P<0.0001). No significant correlations were observed between VI and BMD. The CSA of the erector spinae muscle in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P=0.0002). No significant difference in the BMD or the CSA of the psoas major or multifidus muscles was observed between the two groups. A multivariable analysis of factors of VI was performed. Both age (odds ratio [OR], 1.099; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.015-1.189; P=0.020) and the CSA of the erector spinae (OR, 0.996; 95% CI, 0.993-0.999; P=0.020) were significant predictors of high VI. Conclusions Although the severity of OVFs was related to the CSA of the erector spinae muscle, it was not associated with BMD.
A Uniformly Selected, All-sky, Optical AGN Catalog

We have constructed an all-sky catalog of optical active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with z < 0.09, based on optical spectroscopy, from the parent sample of galaxies in the 2MASS Redshift Survey, a near-complete census of the nearby universe. Our catalog consists of 1929 broad-line AGNs and 6562 narrow-line AGNs that satisfy the Kauffmann et al. criteria, of which 3607 also satisfy the Kewley et al. criteria. We also report emission-line widths, fluxes, flux errors, and signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of all the galaxies in our spectroscopic sample, allowing users to customize the selection criteria. Although we uniformly processed the spectra of galaxies from a homogeneous parent sample, inhomogeneities persist owing to the differences in the quality of the obtained spectra, taken with different instruments, and the unavailability of spectra for ∼20% of the galaxies. We quantify how the differences in spectral quality affect not only the AGN detection rates but also ratios of broad-line to narrow-line AGNs. We find that the inhomogeneities primarily stem from the continuum S/N in the spectra near the emission lines of interest. We fit for the AGN fraction as a function of continuum S/N and assign AGN likelihoods to galaxies that were not identified as AGNs using the available spectra. This correction results in a catalog suitable for statistical studies. This work also paves the way for a truly homogeneous and complete nearby AGN catalog by identifying galaxies whose AGN status needs to be verified with higher-quality spectra, quantifying the spectral quality necessary to do so.
Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization for Automatic Social Media Comments Summarization

Summarizing social media comments automatically can help users to capture important information without reading the whole comments. On the other hand, automatic text summarization is considered as a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) problem for satisfying two conflicting objectives. Retaining the information from the source of text as much as possible and producing the summary length as short as possible. To solve that problem, an undirected graph is created to construct the relation between social media comments. Then, the Multi-Objective Ant Colony Optimization (MOACO) algorithm is applied to generate summaries by selecting concise and important comments from the graph based on the desired summary size. The quality of generated summaries is compared to other text summarization algorithms such as TextRank, LexRank, SumBasic, Latent Semantic Analysis, and KL-Sum. The result showed that MOACO can produce informative and concise summaries which have small cosine distance to the source text and fewer number of words compared to the other algorithms.
The fiimitive Nature of Children's Relational Concep

Vendler, 2. Adjectives and Nominalizations. The Hague: Mouton, 1968. We can all agree that the capacity to symbolize and communicate in language has powerful effects on how we think and behave, but how does the way we think affect the structure of our language? This article explores the ways in which specific properties of language structure and speech behavior reflect certain ( general cognitive laws. 1 Recent investigations of language have made an important simplifying assumption: the primary subject for linguistic description is linguistic knowledge,
Mathematical modelling of evapotranspiration by using remote sensing and data mining

Precise evaluation of evapotranspiration in an extended area is crucial for water requirement. By using remote sensing evapotranspiration algorithms, many climatological variables are needed. In case of using climatological variable measurements, many climatic stations must be established in that specific area. By using data mining method integrated with remote sensing, evapotranspiration can be calculated with high accuracy. A physical-based SEBAL evapotranspiration algorithm was modeled by GIS model builder for ET calculations. Albedo, emissivity, and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) were considered as M5 decision tree model inputs. Evapotranspiration was evaluated for 3 April 2020 to 17 September 2020 and the equations were extracted in the M5 decision tree model and these equations were modeled in GIS by using python scripts for 3 April 2020 to 17 September 2020. The results make clear that the mathematical decision tree model can estimate the evapotranspiration gained by physical-based SEBAL algorithm in high accurately.