Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Atlas of the Myelin Basic Protein Interaction Landscape

Intrinsically disordered myelin basic protein (MBP) is one of the key autoantigens in autoimmune neurodegeneration and multiple sclerosis particularly. MBP is highly positively charged and lacks distinct structure in solution and therefore its intracellular partners are still mostly enigmatic. Here we used combination of formaldehyde-induced cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to elucidate the interaction network of MBP in mammalian cells and provide the list of potential MBP interacting proteins. Our data suggest that the largest group of MBP-interacting proteins belongs to cellular proteins involved in the protein translation machinery, as well as in the spatial and temporal regulation of translation. MBP interacts with core ribosomal proteins, RNA helicase Ddx28 and RNA-binding proteins STAU1, TDP-43, ADAR-1 and hnRNP A0, which are involved in various stages of RNA biogenesis and processing, including specific maintaining MBP-coding mRNA. Among MBP partners we identified CTNND1, which has previously been shown to be necessary for myelinating Schwann cells for cell-cell interactions and the formation of a normal myelin sheath. MBP binds proteins MAGEB2/D2 associated with neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, involved in pathways that promote neuronal survival and neuronal death. Finally, we observed that MBP interacts with RNF40–a component of heterotetrameric Rnf40/Rnf20 E3 ligase complex, recruited by Egr2, which is the central transcriptional regulator of peripheral myelination. Concluding, our data suggest that MBP may be more actively involved in myelination not only as a main building block but also as a self-regulating element.
AN ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS - A POTENTIAL RESOURCE OF FOOD AND INCOME GENERATION IN PABBAR VALLEY, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA

The Western Himalayan region is rich in wild mushrooms. The people living in this area have extensive traditional mycological knowledge. The wild edible mushrooms have been consumed from the earliest history and also possess medicinal properties. The seasonal collections of wild edible mushrooms constitute a food with nutritional value and a source of income for the rural local inhabitants. In the present day, mushrooms are valued as popular food because of low in fat, carbohydrate, and cholesterol-free, and rich in vitamins. The lifestyle change is now responsible for a severe reduction in the collection of these mushrooms. The knowledge in the local environment gets lost when it is not gathered. The study aimed to investigate the knowledge and use of wild edible mushrooms in Pabbar Valley, Himachal Pradesh. A total of 13 species of mushrooms belonging to 11 families were identified as edible from the area. Morchella spp. are collected mainly for trade purposes.
Quantitative assessment of dual gait analysis based on inertial sensors with body sensor network

Purpose – Due to the complex mechanism during walking, human gait takes plenty of information reflecting human motion. The method of quantitative measurement of gait makes a profound influence in many fields, such as clinical medicine, biped robot control strategy and so on. The purpose of this paper is to present a gait analysis system based on inertial measurement unit (IMU) and combined with body sensor network (BSN). Design/methodology/approach – The authors placed two wireless inertial nodes on the left and right ankles, so that the acceleration and angular velocity could be obtained from both sides at the same time. By using the kinematical model of the human gait, many methods such as time series analysis, pattern recognition and numerical analysis, are introduced to fuse the inertial data and estimate the sagittal gait parameters.Findings – The gait parameters evaluation gains a practical precision, especially in the gait phase detection and the process of how the two feet cooperate with each other.
Overlap Displacement Error: Are Your SLAM Poses Map-Consistent?

Localization is an essential module that supports many intelligent functions of a mobile robot such as transportation or inspection. However, justifying that a localization module is sufficiently accurate for supporting all downstream tasks is one of the most difficult questions to answer in practice. To overcome this problem, we move away from the traditional calculation of pose errors and propose a new approach that instead evaluates the potential map inconsistency introduced by those pose errors.For this purpose, we propose a new metric, which we call Overlap Displacement Error (ODE). This metric measures the relative displacements between multiple overlapping sensor frustums with respect to the ground truth. All you need to compute this metric are a query trajectory, a ground truth trajectory and the sensor frustum used for mapping. Having the sensor frustum and the map representation as part of the metric, the ODE is customized to the hardware configuration and the mapping strategy. This design allows the analysis of pose accuracy in a space that matters to map creation, and also allows the identification of problems sitting in the interplay between localization and mapping. We demonstrate the potential of this new analysis tool on synthetic and the real-world sequences.
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES LEAD EXPOSURE AND BEHAVIOR: EFFECTS ON ANTISOCIAL AND RISKY BEHAVIOR AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

It is well known that exposure to lead has numerous adverse effects on behavior and development. Using data on two cohorts of children from the NLSY, this paper investigates the effect of early childhood lead exposure on behavior problems from childhood through early adulthood. I find large negative consequences of early childhood lead exposure, in the form of an unfolding series of adverse behavioral outcomes: behavior problems as a child, pregnancy and aggression as a teen, and criminal behavior as a young adult. At the levels of lead that were the norm in United States until the late 1980s, estimated elasticities of these behaviors with respect to lead range between 0.1 and 1.0. Jessica Wolpaw Reyes Department of Economics Amherst College Amherst, MA 01002 and NBER jwreyes@amherst.edu Lead Exposure and Behavior Page 1
DISCOVERING POLITICAL TOPICS IN FACEBOOK DISCUSSION THREADS WITH GRAPH CONTEXTUALIZATION

We propose a graph contextualization method, pairGraphText , to study political engagement on Facebook during the 2012 French presidential election. It is a spectral algorithm that contextualizes graph data with text data for online discussion thread. In particular, we examine the Facebook posts of the eight leading candidates and the comments beneath these posts. We ﬁnd evidence of both (i) candidate-centered structure, where citizens primarily comment on the wall of one candidate and (ii) issue-centered structure (i.e., on political topics), where citizens’ attention and expression is primarily directed toward a speciﬁc set of issues (e.g., economics, immigration, etc). To identify issue-centered structure, we develop pairGraphText , to analyze a network with high-dimensional features on the interactions (i.e., text). This technique scales to hundreds of thousands of nodes and thousands of unique words. In the Facebook data, spectral clustering without the contextualizing text information ﬁnds a mixture of (i) candidate and (ii) issue clusters. The contextualized information with text data helps to separate these two structures. We conclude by showing that the novel methodology is consistent under a statistical model.
Shrinking targets for the geodesic flow on geometrically finite hyperbolic manifolds

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Let <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ \mathscr{M} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> be a geometrically finite hyperbolic manifold. We present a very general theorem on the shrinking target problem for the geodesic flow, using its exponential mixing. This includes a strengthening of Sullivan's logarithm law for the excursion rate of the geodesic flow. More generally, we prove logarithm laws for the first hitting time for shrinking cusp neighborhoods, shrinking tubular neighborhoods of a closed geodesic, and shrinking metric balls, as well as give quantitative estimates for the time a generic geodesic spends in such shrinking targets. </p>
MEASURING THE FUTURE THINKING OF KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS

To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher chose the research community from three colleges, namely the College of Basic Education, Al-Mustansiriya University, the College of Education for Girls, University of Baghdad, and the College of Basic Education, Wasit University. Applying it to the main sample and after statistically processing the data, the researcher reached the following:
Study on Enumeration, Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Coagulase positive Staphylococci Isolated from Hand Pump Water

-A study was conducted on bacteriological analysis of hand pump water for determining the quality and extent of contamination. A total of 100 hand pump water samples were studied for enumeration of typical staphylococci (TS) and Coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS). On m-staphylococcal agar 82% samples yielded typical staphylococcal colonies, 79% of which was in the range of 120 cfu/100ml, 15% in the range of 20-40 and 2% were between 100-500 staphylococci/100ml. Coagulase positive staphylococcus were found in 25 samples, of which 76% had a range of 1-20 and remaining 24% had count less than 100 cfu/100ml of hand pump water tested. Minimum value was 1 and maximum 364 for TS while for CPS minimum value was 2 and maximum was 86 cfu/100ml, with a mean value of 80.5 and 15.86 respectively. From 82 samples, 106 colonies randomly selected among 1733 golden to orange colonies of TS obtained on m-staphylococcal agar, were subjected to coagulase positive test. Thirty two coagulase positive strains from 25 positive samples were isolated and characterized. Twenty five were Mannitol fermentation positive while seven were negative. In our study 30% typical staphylococci were found pathogenic i.e. coagulase positive. A varying degree of resistance and susceptibility was found against twelve antibiotics. Ampiclox was found 100% effective for these CPS strains.
Inner Ear Development and Advances in Inner Ear Organoid Formation

The inner ear houses the cochlea which contains hair cells responsible for the transduction of sound waves. The process of forming these hair cells responsible for hearing is a complicated process consisting of signaling factors that allow ectoderm to form into the otic placode, the otic vesicle, and prosensory cells such as hair cells. Loss of these hair cells contributes to deafness and hearing loss throughout life, and regeneration of these cells may serve as a therapeutic agent for those with irreversible damage. This review looks at the development of the otic placode and hair cells and the possibility of regenerating hair cells from stem cell populations.
Plication of patellar tendon with novel technique to lower the level of patella alta in cerebral palsy crouch gait

Introduction: constant crouch gait is a trouble faced youth with spastic cerebral palsy, characterized by excessive knee flexion throughout stance phase, once the crouch gait reaches a proven level of acuity in the child, the degree of knee flexion and related features may proceed quickly because of high stresses at the knee and failure of the knee extensor mechanism. Knee ache, patella alta, and fragmentation or fracture of the inferior pole of the patella all have been recorded in this clinical setting. Material and methods: 20 knees (10 patients) diseased with spastic diplegia. All were ambulatory children (GMFCS II and III), theyare in crouch gait and patella was alta . Patient age, sex, functional status, associated surgical procedures were reported preoperatively. Extension lag was recorded pre and postoperative. Koshio Index was used to identify the outcomes. Results: Improvement in extensor lag mechanism from 25.25±10.45 SD to 9.15 ±5.06 after a year follow up, Koshino index mean improved also from 2.47±0.17 after 1 year. Discussion: The new technique showed good results with minimal complications, safer and less technically demanding than other options.
The Design of Design: Essays from a Computer Scientist

Making Senseof Design Effective design is at the heart of everything from software development to engineering to architecture. But what do we really know about the design process? What leads to effective, elegant designs? The Design of Design answers these questions. This new book by Fred Brooks contains extraordinary insights for designers in every discipline. Brooks pinpoints the constants inherent to all design projects and uncovers processes and patterns most likely to lead to excellence. Drawing on the observations and intuitions of dozens of exceptional designers, as well as his direct experiences in several design domains, Brooks argues convincingly that bold design decisions lead to better outcomes. The author tracks the evolution of the design process, delves into complex systems based on distributed design, and illuminates what makes a truly great designer. He examines the nuts and bolts that affect all design processes, including budget and other constraints, aesthetics, design empiricism, and tools, and then grounds this discussion in his own real-world examplescase studies ranging from home construction to IBMs Operating System/360. Throughout the book, Brooks reveals the keys to success that every designer, design project manager, and design researcher should know.
The intracellular localization of acid phosphatase in tetrahymena pyriformis

Electrophoretic studies have revealed the existence of multiple forms of acid phosphatase in the ci l iate Tetrahymena pyriformis (1). Because the variety of structures that exhibit acid phosphatase activity at the ultrastructure level in this organism (27), studies were made on the intracellular localization of these enzymes to determine whether specific acid phosphatases were associated with specific organelles. Three bands of acid phosphatase were resolved using cellulose polyacetate electrophoresis. Differential centrifugation of homogenates prepared in 0.33 M sucrose revealed two bands of acid phosphatase in particles sedimenting at 5,000 x g for 30 minutes. One of these bands was present in a pellet obtained after centrifugation of the 5,000 x g supernatant at 27,000 x g for 60 minutes. A third dist inct form was present only in the f inal
Evaluation of Statistical Machine Translation Engines in the Context of International Organizations

International Organizations and Machine Translation (MT) share a long history together; however, there is still some resistance to the introduction of MT tools into the institutional translation process. Additionally, organizations might not be able to select the tools that suit them better. Currently, a number of customizable statistical systems are being offered as additional tools for language support. This study describes the design and execution of a comparative context-oriented evaluation of statistical engines in the context of international organizations, with the purpose of proposing a short practical framework for MT quality assessment, corroborating assumptions about customizable and generic statistical systems, and stressing the links between MT and institutional translation.
Finite Element Analysis for Mechanical Characteristics of Resistance Spot Welding Process with Three Sheets Assemblies

This project is focused on the finite element (FE) analysis for mechanical characteristics of resistance spot welding (RSW) process with three sheets stack up instead of conventional two sheets assemblies because of its wide application in automobile industry. It is proved that the protuberances region localized in the nugget area induced in the welding process are more inclined to have fatigue failure such as cracks and fracture. Local stress and strain distributions for three sheets stack up under quasi-static tension load are investigated by both experiments and FE analysis with commercial software code ANSYS and NASTRAN. The high stress/strain value is concentrated at the edges of nugget instead of nugget center from cross section view and stress/strain distribution at the center region of the weld nugget is relatively low. The FE analysis has effectively verification with the experiments results.
A Study of the Effects of Spatial Arrangements and Interactive Medias on Presence, Involvement and Emotion in Senior Visitors within a Virtual Art Gallery

With the rapid development of the Internet, an increasing number of art activities are being carried out online. Therefore, the elderly can visit an online art gallery from home to enjoy browsing various exhibitions and artworks. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of spatial arrangements and interactive medias on presence, involvement, and emotion to propose better principles for senior visitors in virtual art galleries. A virtual art gallery containing paintings, pottery and statues was established. A hypothesized model was constructed for evaluating the effects of spatial arrangements and interactive Medias on presence, involvement and emotion in senior visitors, and a three-step mediation analysis using regression was applied while accounting for the hierarchical structure of the data. The results showed that spatial arrangement and interactive media are essential factors in designing virtual art galleries for senior visitors. A virtual art gallery with thematic arrangement based on historical background can help senior visitors construct the spatial cognitive map quickly; additionally, interactive oral Medias provide easy semantic recognition and understanding, which can easily increase positive feelings of presence. When the degree of immersion increases, senior visitors feel interested, excited and satisfied, and resulting in positive involvement and emotion.
A comparative in vitro study of apical leakage with three obturation techniques

Objective: To compare the in vitro apical microleakage of teeth sealed with three techniques: lateral condensation, vertical condensation, and Obtura II. Methods: A total of 75 single-root teeth were divided into five groups: Group 1 – lateral condensation, Group 2 – vertical condensation, Group 3 – Obtura II system, Group 4 – positive control, Group 5 – negative control. The roots were subjected to apical leakage through indirect diffusion with Chinese ink, diaphonized, and observed under a Vasconcellos microscope. Descriptive statistical tests were conducted with GraphPad Prism 8. Results: Group 1 showed greater microleakage (0.6603 ± 0.5063) with a statistically significant difference compared to group 3 (p < 0.05). However, there was no gutta-percha extrusion, unlike in the other groups. Conclusion: The Obtura II technique showed better sealing, which led to decreased apical microleakage, thus proving to be more effective than the other techniques studied.
COVID-19 treatment is a war ” through a conceptual metaphor

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Covid-19 outbreak is a pandemic that has affected the world. Thailand therefore established "Center for COVID-19 Situation Administration" as a channel for communication between the government and the people. The author aims to study a metaphor about the treatment of COVID-19 in Thailand as how does such metaphor reflect the government's views on the treatment of COVID-19 by using Lakoff & Johnson's linguistic metaphor theory and collecting the information on government and government agencies communications during the period from January 2020 to April 2021. The results showed that an important metaphor [Treating COVID-19 is a war] is used, which reflects the concept or illustrates the view of the government that “COVID-19 treatment is a war” that highlights the government's intent to give people a picture of the win and lose in the battle against an unseen enemy like COVID-19.
The Motion Aftereffect: Mechanisms and Variants

The motion aftereffect causes a visual stimulus to undergo apparent motion. An adapting stimulus, which moves in a specific direction, adapts motion-responsive neurons in the middle temporal area (V5) to that direction of motion. Viewing a second stimulus, known as a test stimulus, produces apparent motion in the direction opposite that of the initial stimulus. Neural networks involved in attention and working memory are also implicated in the motion aftereffect. Despite extensive documentation in the literature, there is little known about the mechanisms of the motion aftereffect. This review discusses established knowledge of the motion aftereffect, focusing primarily on the middle temporal area. Variants of the motion aftereffect that are in line with the established mechanism are discussed, namely the phantom motion aftereffect and sensory-contingent motion aftereffects, which incorporate color and visual surroundings into the production of the motion aftereffect. This optical illusion provides insight into motion processing as well as memory. The motion aftereffect causes a visual stimulus to undergo apparent motion. Looking at a moving “adapting stimulus” for a substantial period of time and then switching to another “test stimulus,” which can be stationary or moving, will cause apparent motion in the direction opposite that of the initial stimulus. Discussed
GOVERNMENT SPENDING, INTEREST BATES, PRICES, AND BUDGET DEFICITS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, 1701-1918*

The British data from the early 1700s through WWI provide an unmatched opportunity for studying temporary changes in government purchases. Temporary increases, which appeared mainly as wartime spending, raised long-term interest rates, but significantly increased the growth rates of money and prices only during suspensions of the gold standard (1797-1821 and 1914-1918). Temporary changes in military spending accounted for the bulk of budget deficits; over the sample of more than 200 years, I found only two major non-war deficits one associated with compensation payments to slaveowners in 1835-36 and the other with a dispute over the income tax in 1909-10. Interest rates did not react much to these ‘exogenous’ deficits.