Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Odd-frequency pairing and Ising spin susceptibility in time-reversal-invariant superfluids and superconductors

We here examine the relation between odd-frequency spin-triple even-parity (OTE) Cooper pairs and anomalous surface magnetic response in time-reversal invariant (TRI) spin-triplet superfluids and superconductors. The spin susceptibility generally consists of two contributions: Even-frequency odd-parity pair amplitudes and odd-frequency even-parity pair amplitudes. The OTE pair amplitudes are absent in the bulk region, but ubiquitously exist in the surface and interface region as Andreev bound states. We here clarify that additional discrete symmetries, originating from the internal symmetry and point group symmetry, impose strong constraint on the OTE pair amplitudes emergent in the surface of TRI superfluids and superconductors. As a result of the symmetry constraint, the magnetic response of the OTE pairs yields Ising-like anisotropy. For the topological phase of the $^3$He-B in a restricted geometry, the coupling of the OTE pair amplitudes to an applied field is prohibited by an additional discrete symmetry. Once the discrete symmetry is broken, however, the OTE pairs start to couple to the applied field, which anomalously enhances surface spin susceptibility. Furthermore, we extend this theory to TRI superconductors, where the corresponding discrete symmetry is the mirror reflection symmetry.
Geometric classical and total correlations via trace distance

We introduce the concepts of geometric classical and total correlations through Schatten 1-norm (trace norm), which is the only Schatten p-norm able to ensure a well-defined geometric measure of correlations. In particular, we derive the analytical expressions for the case of two-qubit Bell-diagonal states, discussing the superadditivity of geometric correlations. As an illustration, we compare our results with the entropic correlations, discussing both their hierarchy and monotonicity properties. Moreover, we apply the geometric correlations to investigate the ground state of spin chains in the thermodynamic limit. In contrast to the entropic quantifiers, we show that the classical correlation is the only source of 1-norm geometric correlation that is able to signal an infinite-order quantum phase transition.
Polysemy-related problems in ESP students: A case study

Detected as a problem in foreign language learning, polysemy has been a subject of many various studies and from many various aspects. The problem of polysemy is particularly important in English for Specific Purposes, or in our case English for Police Purposes, since it very often gets unnoticed by learners. Having learnt one meaning in a General English course, learners are usually unaware that the same word can have a new meaning in technical texts. The aim of the case study is to examine to what extent the students can recognize the senses of polysemous words in different contexts and if the level the particular meaning is associated with (according to the CEFR) influences the percentage of correct/incorrect answers. We used a questionnaire and a self-designed vocabulary test to collect the data both about the participants and their practical knowledge of polysemy. The study was conducted with a group of I-year students of Forensic Engineering at the University of Criminal Investigation and Police Studies. The results obtained should help improve the course of English for Police Purposes.
Three-dimensional simulations of near-surface convection in main-sequence stars - I. Overall structure

The near-surface layers of cool main-sequence stars are structured by convective flows, which are overshooting into the atmosphere. The flows and the associated spatio-temporal variations of density and temperature affect spectral line profiles and thus have an impact on estimates of stellar properties such as effective temperature, gravitational acceleration, and abundances. We aim at identifying distinctive properties of the thermodynamic structure of the atmospheres of different stars and understand their causes. We ran comprehensive 3D radiation hydrodynamics simulations of the near-surface layers of six simulated stars of spectral type F3V to M2V with the MURaM code. We carry out a systematic parameter study of the mean stratifications, flow structures, and the energy flux in these stars. \par Results: We find monotonic trends along the lower main sequence in granule size, flow velocity, and intensity contrast. The convection in the M-star models differs substantially from that of the hotter stars, mainly owing to the more gradual transition from convective to radiative energy transport. While the basic mechanisms driving surface convection in cool stars are the same, the properties of the convection vary along the main sequence. Apart from monotonic trends in rms velocity, intensity contrast, granule size, etc., there is a transition between "naked" and "hidden" granulation around spectral type K5V caused by the (highly non-linear) temperature dependence of the opacity. These variations have to be taken into account when stellar parameters are derived from spectra.
An Information-Geometric Reconstruction of Quantum Theory, I: The Abstract Quantum Formalism

In this paper and a companion paper, we show how the framework of information geometry, a geometry of discrete probability distributions, can form the basis of a derivation of the quantum formalism. The derivation rests upon a few elementary features of quantum phenomena, such as the statistical nature of measurements, complementarity, and global gauge invariance. It is shown that these features can be traced to experimental observations characteristic of quantum phenomena and to general theoretical principles, and thus can reasonably be taken as a starting point of the derivation. When appropriately formulated within an information geometric framework, these features lead to (i) the abstract quantum formalism for finite-dimensional quantum systems, (ii) the result of Wigner’s theorem, and (iii) the fundamental correspondence rules of quantum theory, such as the canonical commutation relationships. The formalism also comes naturally equipped with a metric (and associated measure) over the space of pure states which is unitarilyand antiunitarily invariant. The derivation suggests that the information geometric framework is directly or indirectly responsible for many of the central structural features of the quantum formalism, such as the importance of square-roots of probability and the occurrence of sinusoidal functions of phases in a pure quantum state. Global gauge invariance is seen to play a crucial role in the emergence of the formalism in its complex form.
Static conductivity of charged domain walls in uniaxial ferroelectric semiconductors

Using Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory we calculated numerically the static conductivity of both inclined and counter domain walls in the uniaxial ferroelectrics-semiconductors of n-type. We used the effective mass approximation for the electron and holes density of states, which is valid at arbitrary distance from the domain wall. Due to the electrons accumulation, the static conductivity drastically increases at the inclined head-to-head wall by 1 order of magnitude for small incline angles theta pi/40 by up 3 orders of magnitude for the counter domain wall (theta=pi/2). Two separate regions of the space charge accumulation exist across an inclined tail-to-tail wall: the thin region in the immediate vicinity of the wall with accumulated mobile holes and the much wider region with ionized donors. The conductivity across the tail-to-tail wall is at least an order of magnitude smaller than the one of the head-to-head wall due to the low mobility of holes, which are improper carries. The results are in qualitative agreement with recent experimental data for LiNbO3 doped with MgO.
Purification and Partial Characterization of Tannase produced by Aspergillus niger SCSGAF0145 using Arachis hypogaea (Groundnut) Shell

Tannase have been widely secreted industrially by fungi using tannin rich agricultural waste as substrate. Aspergillus niger SCSGAF0145, was used for the secretion of tannase using groundnut shell as substrate under submerged fermentation. The crude tannase secreted was precipitated out using ammonium sulphate and purified on Sephadex G-150. Kinetic parameters of the secreted tannase were determined using tannic acid as substrate. The estimated biomass weight, tannin concentration, gallic acid concentration and tannase activity of the crude enzyme after fermentation was 81.00±0.08 mg, 1.31±0.01 mg/mL, 0.67±0.03 µg/mL and 6.04 U/mL respectively. The purification fold and enzyme yield after purification were 13.44 and 47.86%. The purified enzyme showed maximal activity at a pH of 5.5 and temperature of 35oC while producing Km and Vmax of 0.43 moles/L and Vmax is 21.55 U/mL respectively using tannic acid as its sole carbon source. In conclusion, Aspergillus niger SCSGAF0145 secreted tannase of high activity using groundnut shell as source of tannic acid which could be utilized for various industrial purposes.
Bayesian Learning for Uncertainty Quantification, Optimization, and Inverse Design

Design of microwave circuits require extensive simulations, which often take significant computational time due to design complexity. This can be addressed through neural networks (NNs) that provide predictive capability. Predictions often come with uncertainties that need to be quantified. Moreover, optimization and inverse designs are better done using probabilities. This article describes the use of Bayes theorem and machine learning (ML) for solving complex microwave design problems.
Features of heavy physics in the CMB power spectrum

The computation of the primordial power spectrum in multi-field inflation models requires us to correctly account for all relevant interactions between adiabatic and non-adiabatic modes around and after horizon crossing. One specific complication arises from derivative interactions induced by the curvilinear trajectory of the inflaton in a multi-dimensional field space. In this work we compute the power spectrum in general multi-field models and show that certain inflaton trajectories may lead to observationally significant imprints of `heavy' physics in the primordial power spectrum if the inflaton trajectory turns, that is, traverses a bend, sufficiently fast (without interrupting slow roll), even in cases where the modes normal to the trajectory have masses approaching the cutoff of our theory. We emphasize that turning is defined with respect to the geodesics of the sigma model metric, irrespective of whether this is canonical or non-trivial. The imprints generically take the form of damped superimposed oscillations on the power spectrum. In the particular case of two-field models, if one of the fields is sufficiently massive compared to the scale of inflation, we are able to compute an effective low energy theory for the adiabatic mode encapsulating certain relevant operators of the full multi-field dynamics. As expected, a particular characteristic of this effective theory is a modified speed of sound for the adiabatic mode which is a functional of the background inflaton trajectory and the turns traversed during inflation. Hence in addition, we expect non-Gaussian signatures directly related to the features imprinted in the power spectrum.
Can Subsidy Policies Reduce Vaccine Hesitancy Under Social Learning?

Vaccine hesitancy refers to a delay in getting or refusing vaccinations for efficacy reviews from early vaccinated individuals (e.g., social learning). However, no reviews occur if everyone delays. To overcome vaccine hesitancy, we first introduce social learning to characterize this undesirable behavior in two-period vaccine market (composed of a government, a manufacturer, and individuals). Then, designing subsidy policies are in three aspects: subsidy recipients (who should be subsidized, individuals or manufacturer), subsidy times (when subsidy policies should be set, preannounced or responsive), and subsidy paths (how the subsidy level should be adjusted over two periods, increasing or decreasing). Some results are yielded. First, if subsidy recipients are individuals, sales subsidies occur, and their equilibrium subsidy paths hinge on subsidy times. When sales subsidies are preannounced in the first period, a decreasing path is always optimal. In contrast, when these subsidies are responsive in two periods, an increasing path may be optimal. Second, these optimal sales subsidies can counter vaccine hesitancy and, further, utilize social learning to enhance vaccine coverage with different levels. Their differences are affected by two factors (government budgets and uncertain vaccine efficacy levels) that have asymmetric roles. Finally, if subsidy recipients are shifted from individuals to the manufacturer, cost subsidy occurs but it fails to overcome vaccine hesitancy.
Minimizing Uplink Delay in Delay-Sensitive 5G CRAN platforms

In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing the uplink delays of users in a 5G cellular network. Such cellular network is based on a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) architecture with limited fronthaul capacity, where our goal is to minimize delays of all users through an optimal resource allocation. Earlier works minimize average delay of each user assuming same transmit power for all users. Combining Pareto optimization and Markov Decision Process (MDP), we show that every desired balance in the trade-off among infinite-horizon average-reward delays, is achievable by minimizing a properly weighted sum delays. In addition, we solve the problem in two realistic scenarios; considering both power control and different (random) service times for the users. In the latter scenario, we are able to define and minimize the more preferred criterion of total delay vs. average delay for each user. We will show that the resulting problem is equivalent to a discounted-reward infinite-horizon MDP. Simulations show significant improvement in terms of wider stability region for arrival rates in power-controlled scenario and considerably reduced sum of users' total delays in the case of random service times.
Generalized G-Inflation —Inflation with the Most General Second-Order Field Equations—

We study generalized Galileons as a framework to develop the most general single-field inflation models ever, Generalized G-inflation, containing yet further generalization of Ginf lation, as well as previous examples such as k-inflation, extended inflation, and new Higgs inflation as special cases. We investigate the background and perturbation evolution in this model, calculating the most general quadratic actions for tensor and scalar cosmological perturbations to give the stability criteria and the power spectra of primordial fluctuations. It is pointed out in the Appendix that the Horndeski theory and the generalized Galileons are equivalent. In particular, even the non-minimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet term is included in the generalized Galileons in a non-trivial manner. Subject Index: 440, 442, 453
Vacuum Faraday effect for electrons

The optical Faraday effect describes the rotation of linear polarization upon propagation through a medium in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field. The effect arises from a different phase delay between the right and left handed polarization components of the light. In this paper we predict a Faraday effect for a completely different system: electron vortices. Free electron vortex states were recently observed in transmission electron microscopy experiments, and they introduce new degrees of freedom into the probing of matter with electron beams. We associate a rotation of a vortex superposition with the fact that different phases are acquired by oppositely handed vortices propagating in a magnetic field. We show that, in contrast to the optical Faraday effect, the rotation of the electron beam occurs in vacuum and arises from the intrinsic chirality of the constituent vortex states.
Graphes et incertitude Graphs and Uncertainty

In many domains, graphs are one of the most intuitive ways of representing data, and many important tasks can be translated into graph queries and combinatorial problems on graphs. In most real-world scenarios, graph data or models have some uncertainty attached. In this manuscript, we discuss two aspects of challenges that occur when graph data or models are uncertain. First, we discuss how querying the graph changes when edges become uncertain; for this, we introduce the concept of tree decompositions for query processing on uncertain graphs. Moreover, we make the link between query efficiency and the concept of treewidth. In the second part of the manuscript, we discuss how to solve a well-known graph problem – social influence maximization – in the case where little is known about the underlying graph over which influence is performed. We discuss how approaches such as multiarmed-bandits can be applied.
Effect of exogenous oxytocin on the expression of oxytocin receptor gene and uterine involution in local Iraqi cows

The present work aimed to study the effect of exogenous oxytocin injection on the expression of the oxytocin receptor gene and the duration of uterine involution in the local Iraqi breed of Karradi cows. Twenty cows were divided into two groups. The first group was considered a control; the second group was injected with 100 IU/IM of oxytocin twice weekly for four weeks postpartum. The uterine involution velocity was monitored using ultrasonography by measuring the endometrium thickness, ovarian diameter, cervix diameter, uterine horns diameter, serum progesterone, and estrogen levels by indirect ELISA, and the expression of oxytocin receptor gene was monitored by conventional PCR. The result of the treated group showed that the progesterone concentration was significantly decreased. The estrogen concentration was significantly increased. Moreover, the endometrium thickness was significantly decreased in the second, third, and fourth weeks, also, the ovarian diameter was significantly decreased in the first and second weeks, but it has significantly increased in the fourth week. In addition, the cervix diameter was significantly decreased in the first and second weeks, and the uterine horns diameter was significantly decreased in all weeks compared to the control group at P<0.05. The findings of the PCR study explain a substantial link between rapid uterine involution and OTXRs gene overexpression, where OTXRs gene expression was increased in the oxytocin group in comparison with the control group. This result was present in a coordinated manner with the result of the estrus cycle and ovarian reactivation. We conclude that injection of exogenous oxytocin at 100 IU/IM twice weekly for four weeks postpartum will increase the expression of the oxytocin receptor gene, leading to a decrease in the duration of uterine involution. Accelerate the occurrence of estrus in the local Iraqi breed of Karradi cows.
High intensity study of THz detectors based on field effect transistors

Terahertz power dependence of the photoresponse of ﬁeld eﬀect transistors, operating at frequencies from 0.1 to 3 THz for incident radiation power density up to 100 kW/cm 2 was studied for Si metal-oxide-semiconductor ﬁeld-eﬀect transistors and InGaAs high electron mobility transistors. The photoresponse increased linearly with increasing radiation power up to kW/cm 2 range. The saturation of the photoresponse was observed for all investigated ﬁeld eﬀect transistors for intensities above several kW/cm 2 . The observed signal saturation is explained by drain photocurrent saturation similar to saturation in direct currents output characteristics. The theoretical model of terahertz ﬁeld eﬀect transistor photoresponse at high intensity was developed. The model explains quantitatively experimental data both in linear and nonlinear (saturation) range. Our results show that dynamic range of ﬁeld eﬀect transistors is very high and can extend over more than six orderd of magnitudes of power densities (from 0.5 mW/cm 2 to 5 kW/cm 2 ).
Estimation of phytoconstituents and screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of different extracts from Moringa oleifera

The present study deals with the preliminary phytochemical screening and determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of various extracts from leaves and flowers of Moringa oleifera. The results revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and steroids in the extracts. All the extracts exhibited antibacterial effect against the tested bacteria with the diameter of inhibition zone ranging from 7 to 22 mm. However, highest antibacterial activity was observed by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The scavenging effect of the n-hexane extracts of leaf and flower on DPPH radicals increased with increasing concentration and highest activity was 70.94% and 73.50%, respectively while ascorbic acid was the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (82.91%) at a concentration of 180 μg/ml. These results indicated that n-hexane extracts of flower and leaf of Moringa oleifera have a noticeable effect on scavenging free radical, however, it can be categorized as a good and potential antioxidant agent and could be one of the areas which attached a great deal of attention is the possible therapeutic potential of antioxidants in controlling degenerative diseases associated with marked oxidative damage. The preliminary studies on Moringa oleifera extracts exhibited their antibacterial and antioxidant potential which could be exploited further as future antimicrobials for pharmaceutical treatment, natural therapies, food preservation and cosmetic applications.
Infrared interferometry and AGNs: Parsec-scale disks and dusty outflows

The "torus" is the central element of the most popular theory unifying various classes of AGNs, but it is usually described as "putative" because it has not been imaged yet. Since it is too small to be resolved with single-dish telescopes, one can only make indirect assumptions about its structure using models. Using infrared interferometry, however, we were able to resolve the circum-nuclear dust distributions for several nearby AGNs and achieved constraints on some further two dozen sources. We discovered circum-nuclear dust on parsec scales in all sources and, in two nearby sources, were able to dissect this dust into two distinct components. The compact component, a very thin disk, appears to be connected to the maser disk and the extended one, which is responsible for most of the mid-IR flux, is oriented perpendicularly to the circum-nuclear gas disks. What may come as a surprise when having in mind the standard unification cartoon actually connects well to observations on larger scales. Optically thin dust in the polar region, perhaps driven by a disk wind, could solve both the scale height problem of the torus and explain the missing anisotropy in the mid-IR − X-ray relation.
Meson Mass Spectrum of Heavy-Light Quarks Combinations with Dirac Equation

We use the Dirac equation to study the mass spectrum of mesons with heavy-light quark combinations. First we study the Dirac equation with spherically symmetry and funnel potential, and apply them on the hydrogen-like atom problem to check the correctness of our numerical program. Then we test the parameters in Olsson's paper. We show that Olsson's parameters are good in fitting the averaged central mass, but fail to get correct energy fine splitting. Finally we fit the mass spectrum data of D, D_s, B and B_s mesons with our parameters by solve the Dirac equation and funnel potential, calculate the energy splitting of the S and P states. Our parameters can fit the mass and fine splitting with errors in less than 7 MeV.