Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Open Quantum System Dynamics from a Measurement Perspective: Applications to Coherent Particle Transport and to Quantum~Brownian Motion

We employ the theoretical framework of positive operator valued measures, to study Markovian open quantum systems. In particular, we discuss how a quantum system influences its environment. Using the theory of indirect measurements, we then draw conclusions about the information we could hypothetically obtain about the system by observing the environment. Although the environment is not actually observed, we can use these results to describe the change of the quantum system due to its interaction with the environment. We apply this technique to two different problems. In the first part, we study the coherently driven dynamics of a particle on a rail of quantum dots. This tunnelling between adjacent quantum dots can be controlled externally. We employ an adiabatic scheme similar to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, to transfer the particle between different quantum dots. We compare two fundamentally different sources of decoherence. In the second part, we study the dynamics of a free quantum particle, which experiences random collisions with gas particles. Previous studies on this topic applied scattering theory to momentum eigenstates. We present a supplementary approach, where we develop a rigorous measurement interpretation of the collision process to derive a master equation. Finally, we study the collisional decoherence process in terms of the Wigner function. We restrict ourselves to one spatial dimension. Nevertheless, we find some interesting new insight, including that the previously celebrated quantum contribution to position diffusion is not real, but a consequence of the Markovian approximation. Further, we discover that the leading decoherence process is due to phase averaging, rather than induced by the information transfer between the colliding particles.
Brane world in non-Riemannian geometry

We carefully investigate the modified Einstein's field equation in a 4-dimensional (3-brane) arbitrary manifold embedded in a 5-dimensional non-Riemannian bulk spacetime with a noncompact extra dimension. In this context the Israel-Darmois matching conditions are extended assuming that the torsion in the bulk is continuous. The discontinuity in the torsion first derivatives are related to the matter distribution through the field equation. In addition, we develop a model that describes a flat FLRW model embedded in a 5-dimensional de Sitter or anti-de Sitter, where a 5-dimensional cosmological constant emerges from the torsion.
On the Possibility of Different Accuracy of Mathematical Modeling of a Mechanical Component and a Control Loop in Mechatronic Systems with Electric Drives

The current level of development of the element base of signal and power electronics and information technology makes it possible to implement control algorithms of any complexity in mechatronic systems. One of the main problems of any control method is to minimize the cost of all types of resources for its implementation. However, a necessary condition for the effective use of these approaches is the availability of an adequate mathematical nonlinear model of the control object based on the complex application of the relevant sections of analytical mechanics, applications of the nonlinear stability theory and mathematical control theory with incomplete information. On the other hand, estimates of the required degree of modeling accuracy must be obtained to ensure that strictly justified results are obtained. Excessive complication of the model directly complicates the analysis of the obtained results. It is shown how the complex application of the results of analytical mechanics, mathematical control theory, nonlinear stability theory can reasonably reduce the accuracy of the model for individual components of the system while maintaining the accuracy of the general nonlinear model.
Initial conditions can have long-term effects on plant species diversity in jarrah forest restored after bauxite mining

Much of the remarkable plant species diversity of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region can be attributed to high diversity of the understorey in its forests and woodlands, including 400–600 understorey species per km 2 in the Northern Jarrah Forest alone. Consequently, returning species diversity is a key challenge for post-mining ecological restoration in the region. Each year, Alcoa of Australia undertakes restoration of mined areas within the Northern Jarrah Forest with a goal of returning a self-sustaining jarrah forest ecosystem. To meet this goal, it is important to understand long-term (i.e. > 20 years) trajectories of vegetation development and the restoration practices that direct species diversity outcomes. Here, we report the results of several experiments, the oldest of which is 45 years of age, which together demonstrate significant longer-term effects on understorey species diversity of restoration practices determining initial conditions including topsoil handling, fertiliser application, seeding rates of large legumes, and tree (overstorey) species stocking rates. Our research highlights (1) that ‘historical contingency’ can determine the trajectory of jarrah forest restoration and (2) that longer-term studies are critical as they give a different, sometimes conflicting, perspective to short-term datasets. Notably, after 27 years, we found an inverse relationship between plant cover and P fertilisation, where plant cover was highest in the in the absence of P fertiliser and lowest at the uppermost P amendment rate. We also found that the long-accepted Initial Floristics Model of succession does not fit well with our data. Our overall findings are likely useful to restore understorey diversity to woodlands, forests, and abandoned farmlands elsewhere in the region.
HIGH MASS STAR FORMATION ALONG THE HUBBLE SEQUENCE

Data obtained with IRAS are used to compare and contrast the global star formation rates for a galactic sample which represents essentially all known noninteracting spiral and lenticular galaxies within 40 Mpc. The distribution of 60 micron luminosity is similar for spirals of types Sa-Scd inclusively, although the luminosities of the very early and very late types are, on average, one order of magnitude lower. High-mass star formation rates are similar for early, intermediate, and late type spirals, and the average high-mass star formation rate per unit molecular gas mass is independent of type for spiral galaxies. A remarkable homogeneity exists in the high-mass star-forming capabilities of spiral galaxies, particularly among the Sa-Scd types. The Hubble sequence is therefore not a sequence in the present-day rate or production efficiency of high-mass stars. 76 refs.
RELATIVISTIC MERGERS OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AND THEIR ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNATURES

Coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational wave (GW) signatures from coalescence events of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are the next observational grand challenge. Such detections will provide the means to study cosmological evolution and accretion processes associated with these gargantuan compact objects. More generally, the observations will enable testing general relativity in the strong, nonlinear regime and will provide independent cosmological measurements to high precision. Understanding the conditions under which coincidences of EM and GW signatures arise during SMBH mergers is therefore of paramount importance. As an essential step toward this goal, we present results from the first fully general relativistic, hydrodynamical study of the late inspiral and merger of equal-mass, spinning SMBH binaries in a gas cloud. We find that variable EM signatures correlated with GWs can arise in merging systems as a consequence of shocks and accretion combined with the effect of relativistic beaming. The most striking EM variability is observed for systems where spins are aligned with the orbital axis and where orbiting black holes form a stable set of density wakes, but all systems exhibit some characteristic signatures that can be utilized in searches for EM counterparts. In the case of the most massive binaries observable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, calculated luminosities imply that they may be identified by EM searches to z ≈ 1, while lower mass systems and binaries immersed in low density ambient gas can only be detected in the local universe.
Independent individual addressing of multiple neutral atom qubits with a micromirror-based beam steering system

We demonstrate a scalable approach to addressing multiple atomic qubits for use in quantum information processing. Individually trapped R87b atoms in a linear array are selectively manipulated with a single laser guided by a microelectromechanical beam steering system. Single qubit oscillations are shown on multiple sites at frequencies of ≃3.5 MHz with negligible crosstalk to neighboring sites. Switching times between the central atom and its closest neighbor were measured to be 6–7 μs while moving between the central atom and an atom two trap sites away took 10–14 μs.
On the relation between the AGN jet and accretion disk emissions

Abstract AGN jets are detected via their radio and/or gamma-ray emissions while the accretion disks are detected by their optical and UV radiation. Observations of the radio and optical luminosities show a strong correlation between the two luminosities. However, part of this correlation is due to the redshift or distances of the sources that enter in calculating the luminosities from the observed fluxes and part of it could be due to the differences in the cosmological evolution of luminosities. Thus, the determination of the intrinsic correlations between the luminosities is not straightforward. It is affected by the observational selection effects and other factors that truncate the data, sometimes in a complex manner [Antonucci (2011) and Pavildou et al. (2010)]. In this paper we describe methods that allow us to determine the evolution of the radio and optical luminosities, and determine the true intrinsic correlation between the two luminosities. We find a much weaker correlation than observed and sub-linear relations between the luminosities. This has a significant implication for the jet and accretion disk physics.
DAML: Chinese Named Entity Recognition with a fusion method of data-augmentation and meta-learning

Overﬁtting is still a common problem in NER 001 with insufﬁcient data. Latest methods such 002 as Transfer Learning, which focuses on stor-003 ing knowledge gained while solving one task 004 and applying it to a different but related task, 005 or Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML), 006 which learns a model parameter initialization 007 that generalizes better to similar tasks. How-008 ever, these methods still need rich resources to 009 pre-train. In this work, we present new perspec-010 tives on how to make the most of in-domain and 011 out-domain information. By introducing a fu-012 sion method of data augmentation and MAML, 013 we ﬁrst use data augmentation to mine more 014 information. With the augmented resources, 015 we directly utilize out-domain and in-domain 016 data with MAML, while avoiding performance 017 degradation after domain transfer. To further 018 improve the model’s generalization ability, we 019 proposed a new data augmentation method 020 based on a generative approach. We conduct 021 experiments on six open Chinese NER datasets 022 (MSRANER, PeopleDairyNER, CLUENER, 023 WeiboNER, Resume NER, and BOSONNER). 024 The results show that our method signiﬁcantly 025 reduces the impact of insufﬁcient data and out-026 performs the state-of-the-art. 027
Observer-based compensators for fixed-order H/sub /spl infin// control

This paper presents a two-Riccati inequality approach for the design of fixed-order H/sub /spl infin// suboptimal controllers with an observer-based structure. The two Riccati inequalities are only one-way coupled and can be solved consecutively. The fixed-order controller has the structure of a fixed-order estimator of the state feedback control law in the presence of the worst case disturbances. It retains the observer-based compensator structure of the full-order central controller of the standard H/sub /spl infin// design, but adds a fixed-order dynamic and mappings between the full-order and the fixed-order state spaces. In the full-order special case, this controller recovers to the minimal entropy central controller of the standard H/sub /spl infin// design. <<ETX>>
Electrically charged curvaton

We consider the possibility that the primordial curvature perturbation was generated through the curvaton mechanism from a scalar field with an electric charge, or precisely the Standard Model U(1) weak hypercharge. This links the dynamics of the very early universe concretely to the Standard Model of particle physics, and because the coupling strength is known, it reduces the number of free parameters in the curvaton model. The gauge coupling also introduces several new physical effects. Charge fluctuations are generated during inflation, but they are screened by electron-positron pairs therefore do not violate observational constraints. After inflation, the curvaton interacts with thermal radiation which destroys the curvaton condensate and prevents the generation of curvature perturbations, unless the inflaton dynamics satisfy strong constraints. The curvaton also experiences a period of parametric resonance with the U(1) gauge field. Using the standard perturbative approach, we find that the model can generate the observed density perturbation for Hubble rate H{sub *}∼>10{sup 8}GeV and curvaton mass m∼>10{sup −2}H{sub *}, but with a level of non-Gaussianity (f{sub NL}∼>130) that violates observational constraints. However, previous studies have shown that the parametric resonance changes the predicted perturbations significantly, and therefore fully non-linear numerical field theory simulations are required.
Identifying Users by Their Hand Tracking Data in Augmented and Virtual Reality

Abstract Nowadays, Augmented and Virtual Reality devices are widely available and are often shared among users due to their high cost. Thus, distinguishing users to offer personalized experiences is essential. However, currently used explicit user authentication (e.g., entering a password) is tedious and vulnerable to attack. Therefore, this work investigates the feasibility of implicitly identifying users by their hand tracking data. In particular, we identify users by their uni- and bimanual finger behavior gathered from their interaction with eight different universal interface elements, such as buttons and sliders. In two sessions, we recorded the tracking data of 16 participants while they interacted with various interface elements in Augmented and Virtual Reality. We found that user identification is possible with up to 95% accuracy across sessions using an explainable machine learning approach. We conclude our work by discussing differences between interface elements, and feature importance to provide implications for behavioral biometric systems. A video abstract of this work is available online at: https://identifying-users-by-hand-tracking-data.hcigroup. de
Privacy Preserving Continuous Speech Recording using Throat Microphones

A prerequisite for field-research on audio data are privacy preserving recordings that exclusively contain the target speaker who gave consent. For this purpose, we investigated the potential of a simple but robust wearable technology consisting of three parts: first, a standard air-conduction microphone providing the necessary audio quality for speech analysis; second, a throat microphone used as a speech activity filter; third, a custom ESP32 based recording device enabling on-device real-time processing. The system was evaluated in two challenging free discussion settings with two and four participants each (total N=16). Results from manual annotations show an Equal Error Rate of M=23.4-29.69 %. Based on simple instructions, our participants managed to maintain a False Acceptance Rate below 5 % while recording more than half of their utterances.
Achieving Speedups for Distributed Graph Biconnectivity

As data scales continue to increase, studying the porting and implementation of shared memory parallel algorithms for distributed memory architectures becomes increasingly important. We consider the problem of biconnectivity for this current study, which identifies cut vertices and cut edges in a graph. As part of our study, we implemented and optimized a shared memory biconnectivity algorithm based on color propagation within a distributed memory context. This algorithm is neither work nor time efficient. However, when we compare to distributed implementations of theoretically efficient algorithms, we find that simple non-optimal algorithms can greatly outperform time-efficient algorithms in practice when implemented for real distributed-memory environments and real data. Overall, our distributed implementation for computing graph biconnectivity demonstrates an average strong scaling speedup of 15 x across 64 MPI ranks on a suite of irregular real-world inputs. We also note an average of llx and 7.3x speedup relative to the optimal serial algorithm and fastest shared-memory implementation for the biconnectivity problem, respectively.
A First Look at Cosmic Rays on ACS

We have made an initial study of the characteristics of cosmic ray impacts on the two ACS imaging cameras, HRC and WFC. The fraction of pixels affected by cosmic rays varies from 1.5% to 3% during a 1000 second exposure for both cameras, similar to what was seen on WFPC2 and STIS. The electron deposition due to individual cosmic rays has a well defined cut-off with negligible events of less than 500 electrons and a median of ~1000 electrons. The distribution of the number of pixels affected by a single cosmic ray is strongly peaked at 4 pixels. Distributions of sizes and anisotropies are determined for both cameras, characteristics which can be useful for distinguishing cosmic rays from astrophysical sources in a single image.
Semantic Relations in Diachronic Word Families

This paper investigates semantic relations in semantic change, word formation, and borrowing in the etymological histories of 480 German nouns of basic vocabulary. Contiguity is shown to be the most frequent semantic relation, followed by taxonomy, confirming previous research. The use of diachronic data and analysis by multiple factors however demonstrate that the choice of the kind of semantic relation in creating new lexical meanings is strongly dependent on various aspects. Those include the part of speech of the words involved, the semantic field of the concepts, and whether the semantic relation is found in normal semantic change, in semantic change accompany-ing borrowing from another language, or in word formation, in the last case further dependent on the kind of word formation. Additionally, significant differences are found between attested and reconstructed parts of etymologies, providing insights into possible points of improvement for semantic reconstruction.
Upregulation of inhibitory checkpoint molecules ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS OF GUT MICROBIAL METABOLITES ON HUMAN GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS AND THEIR POTENTIAL SYNERGY WITH DEXAMETHASONE

impact of homozygosity and imbalanced expression of HLA-I loci on the of peptides are presented High-resolution clinical-grade HLA-gen-otyping performed using the NGS (n=80). Whole exome sequencing (WES) done on and blood (n=39) to call for somatic mutations. The amount of potential high affinity binders derived from 10 tumor-associated anti-gens (TAAs) frequently expressed in EGA and non-synony-mous mutations obtained from WES were determined using an in-silico approach for MHC-binding Gene expression profiling with (n=39). Whole RNAseq data was used to detect imbalanced or loosed expression of HLA-A/B/C alleles (n=19). Results We compared the frequency of HLA homozygosity in EGA patients to an HLA-matched reference population derived from a large cohort of bone marrow donors (n=7.615). We demonstrate that homozygosity of HLA-I loci is significantly enriched in the germline of EGA patients compared to the control population (35% vs. 19%, corresponding to an odds ratio (OR) for homozygosity of 2.282 (95% CI 1.442 – 3.615, p<0.001)). We then aimed to estimate the influence of HLA-homozygosity in the context of tumor immune surveillance. Predictions by IEDB analysis resource tool indeed showed a reduced repertoire of high and moderate-affinity MHC-binders (both TAA-derived and mutation-derived peptides) in the homozygous cohort. Our findings demonstrate a reduced amount of potentially immunogenic peptides in EGA patients with HLA-homozygosity for at least one locus, which may result in impaired cancer immunosurveillance. In line with this observation, artificial restoration of the genotype of homozygous patients to a heterozygous genotype, resulted in a set of predicted good-binding peptides of comparable size to the heterozygous cohort. While 35% of EGA patients showed germline homozygosity of HLA-I loci, quantification of allele-specific expression of HLA-I revealed altered expression in 9 out of 12 heterozygous patients (75%). 3 of these patients showed complete loss of heterozygosity, whereas the others had altered expression of one or two HLA-I molecules. The allelic imbalance was significantly higher in heterozygous compared to homozygous were only 2 patients showed altered expression of one HLA-I molecule (28.6%, p=0.0240). None
Cônes positifs des variétés complexes compactes

On dispose de deux notions de positivite pour les (1,1)-classes de cohomologies d'une variete complexe: l'effectivite numerique, induite par la positivite au sens de Lelong des formes differentielles, et la pseudoeffectivite, plus faible, induite par celle des courants. Dans une premiere partie, nous construisons des obstructions locales a l'effectivite numerique d'une classe pseudoeffective, ce qui permet de la decomposer en une partie nef en codimension un et un diviseur exceptionnel. Dans un second temps, nous nous interessons au volume d'un fibre en droites, qui est un invariant mesurant sa positivite. Nous en donnons une interpretation en terme de geometrie differentielle, et nous montrons comment ce volume s'inscrit dans une theorie de l'``intersection mobile'', qui ne conserve que les parties numeriquement effectives des classes de cohomologie. Finalement, nous etudions le cas des surfaces et des varietes hyperkahleriennes, pour lesquelles la geometrie de la forme d'intersection permet une description plus detaillee de ces constructions.
AutoForecast: Automatic Time-Series Forecasting Model Selection

In this work, we develop techniques for fast automatic selection of the best forecasting model for a new unseen time-series dataset, without having to first train (or evaluate) all the models on the new time-series data to select the best one. In particular, we develop a forecasting meta-learning approach called AutoForecast that allows for the quick inference of the best time-series forecasting model for an unseen dataset. Our approach learns both forecasting models performances over time horizon of same dataset and task similarity across different datasets. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach over state-of-the-art (SOTA) single and ensemble methods and several SOTA meta-learners (adapted to our problem) in terms of selecting better forecasting models (i.e., 2X gain) for unseen tasks for univariate and multivariate testbeds.