Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Estimates of Global Marine Nitrogen Fixation

Marine nitrogen (N2) fixation supplies “new” nitrogen to the global ocean, supporting uptake and sequestration of carbon. Despite its central role, marine N2 fixation and its controlling factors remain elusive. In this study, we compile over 1,100 published observations to identify the dominant predictors of marine N2 fixation and derive global estimates based on the machine learning algorithms of random forest and support vector regression. We find that no single environmental property predicts N2 fixation at global scales. Our random forest and support vector regression algorithms, trained with sampling coordinates and month, solar radiation, wind speed, sea surface temperature, sea surface salinity, surface nitrate, surface phosphate, surface excess phosphorus, minimum oxygen in upper 500 m, photosynthetically available radiation, mixed layer depth, averaged photosynthetically available radiation in the mixed layer, and chlorophyll‐a concentration, estimate global marine N2 fixation ranging from 68 to 90 Tg N/year. Comparison of our machine learning estimates and 11 other model outputs currently available in literature shows substantial discrepancies in the global magnitude and spatial distribution of marine N2 fixation, especially in the tropics and in high latitudes. The large uncertainties in marine N2 fixation highlighted in our study argue for increased and more coordinated efforts using geochemical tracers, modeling, and observations over broad ocean regions.
Trace elements in Arctic river water during seasonal transitions

Dissolved concentrations of trace elements in water samples from the Bayelva river in Spitsbergen have been determined. Samples have been collected in the very beginning and very end of the runoff season, otherwise denoted as spring and autumn. It has previously been indicated that levels of mercury, lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, zinc and nickel are higher during snow melt than after. The hypothesis that arose on the basis of these data was that atmospherically deposited elements accumulate in the snowpack throughout winter. The aim of this study was to further investigate this indication by comparing spring and autumn levels of trace elements. In this case the very early spring and very late autumn. These transitional periods i.e when runoff is just starting, and ending emerged as an interesting and not extensively researched time in the runoff season of Bayelva. Levels of trace elements found in this study have been compared to data from previous years (2009-2016), to see if differences between spring and autumn can be seen over time. Parameters such as pH, conductivity, redox potential and turbidity have also been measured, and samples for analysis of dissolved organic matter have been collected. Levels of trace elements are low, and comparable to what has been seen by other studies in Spitsbergen and mainland Norway. The autumn data in this study shows higher levels than what has been seen in Bayelva before, and concentrations increased simultaneously with decreasing turbidity and increasing conductivity. Levels Hg, As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Zn are all significantly higher in the spring of 2017 than the levels in previous autumns. Thereby the hypothesis that was previously proposed could be kept. It seems that said elements accumulate in the snowpack throughout wintertime, signaling their atmospheric origin, possibly due to long range transport of anthropogenic pollution.
Espaces associés à une suite bornée dans un espace de Banach (suite et fin)

© Séminaire analyse fonctionnelle (dit "Maurey-Schwartz") (École Polytechnique), 1973-1974, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives du séminaire d’analyse fonctionnelle implique l’accord avec les conditions générales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infraction pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright.
‘Mauka makai’ ‘Ki uta ki tai’: The ecological and socio-cultural values of estuarine shellfisheries in Hawai`i and Aotearoa New Zealand.

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Figure . iv List of Tables . viii Preface, writing convention . xii Glossary . xiii Chapter 1 General introduction . 1 Background . 3 Thesis scope and objectives . 10 Chapter 2 General methodology . 11 Socio-cultural survey . 11 Landscape development intensity (LDI) index . 13 Ecological evaluation . 15 Contaminant analysis . 16 Statistical analysis . 18 Chapter 3 The socio-cultural values of shellfisheries in Hawai`i . 2
The Russian State's Size and its Footprint: Have They Increased?

The short answer: The size of the Russian State has not increased much in the last few years, but its economic footprint remains significant. Concretely, the state's size increased from about 32 percent of GDP in 2012 to 33 percent in 2016, not far from the EBRD's estimate of 35 percent for 2005-10. This is different from the mainstream narrative, which contends that the state's size doubled in the last decade. However, a deep state footprint is reflected in a relatively high state share in formal sector activity (close to 40 percent) and formal sector employment (about 50 percent). The deep footprint is also reflected in market competition and efficiency. Although sectors in which the state is present are more concentrated, concentration is large even in sectors where the state's share is low. This suggests the need to protect and promote competition, in particular in state procurement. Finally, state-owned enterprises' performance appears weaker than that of privately-owned firms, which may be subtracting from growth.
Quality and safety aspects of traditionally air-dried and nitrite-free meat product with reduced salt level

This paper studies the effect of reduced sodium chloride amounts (3%, 5% and 7%) on the quality aspects and safety elements of traditionally salted ham without any nitrates and nitrites added, dried and ripened under natural air-drying conditions. The physicochemical and textural properties, the degree of proteolysis, the microbiological characteristics and sensory profile of dry-cured ham were analysed at different production stages. A salting degree above 3% in the manufacture of this traditional dried product had a key role in the development of the desired microbiological and sensory characteristics in the absence of nitrites. Salting of the pork hams with 5% and 7% sodium chloride for 45 days at a temperature of 2±2 °С ensured a salt concentration and water activity that would guarantee the product safety with regard to the microbiological risks during the subsequent drying and ripening under natural air-drying conditions. The Elena ham samples salted with 5% sodium chloride and ripened for a period of 12 months in natural air-drying chambers were characterized as having the most balanced flavor.
Pesticide and Human Health

Pesticides are known to be one of the extremely useful and incredibly beneficial agents for preventing losses of crops as well as diseases in humans. They are used in a large number of conditions as in farms, orchards, gardens, parks, sports lawn, residences, industrial areas, shops, schools, hospitals, airports, railway lines, drains, on animals, and on people for control of diseases such as scabies and head lice. People are exposed to pesticides in their daily lives through multiple routes of exposure such as occupational or food, water, and air. Many pesticides can be used safely and effectively, but care must be taken while using them. Several pesticides are beneficial in agriculture for killing pests. Yet many times their injurious effects offset the positive ones. Uses of pesticides are apprehension for sustainability of environment and global stability. This chapter aims to discuss pesticides, their types, routes of their exposure, human health concerns related to them, methods to stop using them, and a future scenario of the world after eradicating pesticides.
The Development of a Novel Fiber-2 Subunit Vaccine against Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Formulated with Oil Adjuvants

Hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), has been widely spread across China, resulting in great financial losses in the poultry industry. Therefore, efficient vaccines against this disease urgently need to be developed. In our study, the fiber-2 and penton base proteins derived from the FAdV-4 JS strain were expressed in a prokaryotic system (E. coli) in a soluble form. Then, the efficacy of the two recombinant proteins formulated with cheap and widely used adjuvants (Marcol™ 52 white oil) were respectively tested, and the minimum immune doses and safety of the above proteins were also determined. It was indicated that the fiber-2 (20 µg/bird, 200 µg/bird) and penton base (200 µg/bird) could provide complete protection against the highly pathogenic FAdV-4 and suppress its replication and shedding. Unfortunately, only the fiber-2 protein could induce complete protection (10/10) at a low dose (10 µg/bird). In addition, we confirmed that the fiber-2 subunit vaccine formulated with oil adjuvants was safe for vaccinated chickens. Conclusively, all of our results suggest that we successfully prepared an efficient and cheap fiber-2 subunit vaccine with few side effects.
Anxiolytic-like Activity, Antioxidant Properties, and Facilitatory Effects on the Short-Term Memory Retention of Molsidomine in Rats

Compelling evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a significant influence on the central nervous system, participates in the modulation of neurotransmitter release, contributes to the regulation of cognitive functions, and plays a crucial role in modulating various aspects of neural activity. We aimed to explore the influence of two NO donors, molsidomine (MSD) and V-pyrro/NO, on the innate spontaneous psychomotor abilities and short-term memory in rats. Using an actimeter test, the locomotor activity, stress-sensitive behavior, and anxiety level were investigated. The influence on the animal`s cognitive functions was evaluated usingthe Y-maze test to assess the spontaneous alternation percentage, number of arms visited, number of alternations, and the preference index. Four distinct groups of five white male Wistar rats were exposed to the intraperitoneal treatments as follows: Control batch—0.3 mL/100 g of body weight saline solution, Mg batch—200 mg/kbwof magnesium chloride, MSD batch—1 mg/kbw of molsidomine, and V-pyrro/NO batch—5 mg/kbwof V-pyrro/NO. The intraperitoneal administration of MSD resulted in a significant reduction in spontaneous behavior and exploratory skills but was less pronounced than the positive control drug, magnesium chloride. Conversely, treatment with V-pyrro/NO led to only a slight decrease in horizontal movements during the actimeter test. MSD administration, but not V-pyrro/NO, notably increased the rate of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test. Additionally, the use of MSD resulted in an increase in the blood level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the intensification of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity. In our experimental setup, we demonstrated that MSD exposure led to a decrease in spontaneous behavior, showed anxiolytic effects and antioxidant activity, and improved spatial memory acquisition in rats.
Low-Density Polyethylene-Based Novel Active Packaging Film for Food Shelf-Life Extension via Thyme-Oil Control Release from SBA-15 Nanocarrier

The use of natural raw substances for food preservation could provide a great contribution to food waste reduction, circular economy enhancement, and green process application widening. Recent studies indicated that the use of porous materials as adsorbents for natural essential oils provided nanohybrids with excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Following this trend in this work, a thymol oil (TEO) rich SBA-15 nanohybrid was prepared and characterized physiochemically with various techniques. This TEO@SBA-15 nanohybrid, along with the pure SBA-15, was extruded with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to develop novel active packaging films. Results indicated that TEO loading was higher than other porous materials reported recently, and the addition of both pure SBA-15 and TEO@SBA-15 to the LDPE increased the water/oxygen barrier. The film with the higher thyme-oil@SBA-15 nanohybrid content exhibited a slower release kinetic. The antioxidant activity of the final films ignited after 48 h, was in the range of 60–70%, and was almost constant for 7 days. Finally, all tests indicated a sufficient improvement by the addition of thyme-oil@SBA-15 nanohybrids in the pure LDPE matrix and the concentration of wt. 10% of such nanocarriers provided the optimum final LDPE/10TEO@SBE-15 active packaging film. This material could be a potential future product for active packaging applications.
c-Myc Drives inflammation of the maternal-fetal interface, and neonatal lung remodeling induced by intra-amniotic inflammation

Background: Intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) is associated with increased risk of preterm birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but the mechanisms by which IAI leads to preterm birth and BPD are poorly understood, and there are no effective therapies for preterm birth and BPD. The transcription factor c-Myc regulates various biological processes like cell growth, apoptosis, and inflammation. We hypothesized that c-Myc modulates inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface, and neonatal lung remodeling. The objectives of our study were 1) to determine the kinetics of c-Myc in the placenta, fetal membranes and neonatal lungs exposed to IAI, and 2) to determine the role of c-Myc in modulating inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface, and neonatal lung remodeling induced by IAI. Methods: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: 1) Intra-amniotic saline injections only (control), 2) Intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections only, and 3) Intra-amniotic LPS injections with c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4. c-Myc expression, markers of inflammation, angiogenesis, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomic analyses were performed on placenta and fetal membranes, and neonatal lungs to determine kinetics of c-Myc expression in response to IAI, and effects of prenatal systemic c-Myc inhibition on lung remodeling at postnatal day 14. Results: c-Myc was upregulated in the placenta, fetal membranes, and neonatal lungs exposed to IAI. IAI caused neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in the placenta and fetal membranes, and neonatal lung remodeling with pulmonary hypertension consistent with a BPD phenotype. Prenatal inhibition of c-Myc with 10058-F4 in IAI decreased neutrophil infiltration and NET formation, and improved neonatal lung remodeling induced by LPS, with improved alveolarization, increased angiogenesis, and decreased pulmonary vascular remodeling. Discussion: In a rat model of IAI, c-Myc regulates neutrophil recruitment and NET formation in the placenta and fetal membranes. c-Myc also participates in neonatal lung remodeling induced by IAI. Further studies are needed to investigate c-Myc as a potential therapeutic target for IAI and IAI-associated BPD.
Structural and spatial patterns of Isoberlinia species in a disturbed community forest (Benin, West Africa)

Abstract Aim of study: This study focused on the analysis of structural and spatial patterns of Isoberlinia spp stands according to topographic units. Area of study: Data collection were carried out within the Zouzounkan forest reserve, located in Southern Benin. Material and Methods: Square plots of 1 ha were considered for the forest inventory in which, geographical coordinates of Isoberlinia individuals were recorded. Ripley’s K function was used to assess the spatial patterns of the species in the forest whereas dendrometric and ecological parameters was computed to analyze the structure of the species populations. Possible impact of topographic units of the forest reserve on dendrometric and spatial patterns of trees was assessed. Main results: The results show that Isoberlinia spp. is more abundant on the hill side than on the top and down hills. Aggregative spatial distribution of trees was found across topographic units with more aggregation on the hill side. However beyond a radius of 8 m aggregation decreased. Furthermore, significant difference was noted on dendrometric patterns of Isoberlinia trees according to topographic unit. Research highlights: Results obtained suggest that effective conservation strategy of Isoberlinia trees in Zouzoukan forest reserve should take into account topographical patterns.
The effect of social media use on women's appearance anxiety

With the marketing and dissemination of aberrant aesthetics such as "white, young and thin", "A4 waist" and "BM style" on social media, women's appearance anxiety has become an increasingly common phenomenon. This study takes the social media APP "Xiaohongshu" as an example to explore the relationship between social media use and female appearance anxiety, as well as the role of self-objectification, internalization of ideal beauty and comparison of appearance in the mechanism, using the questionnaire survey method and structural equation modeling to analyze the questionnaire data of 207 female Xiaohongshu users. The empirical results showed that (1) social media use has a positive effect on female appearance anxiety; (2) social media use affects female appearance anxiety through the chain mediation of ideal beauty internalization and appearance comparison; and (3) the mediating role of self-objectification between social media use and female appearance anxiety is not significant. As a result, this study further refines the mechanism of social media use on female appearance anxiety and suggests that correct aesthetic standards should be established to respect appearance diversity and resist trafficking in appearance anxiety.
A New Frontier for Drug-Coated Balloons: Treatment of “De Novo” Stenosis in Large Vessel Coronary Artery Disease

Background: Drug-coated balloons (DCB) are a well-established option for treating in-stent restenosis endorsed by European Guidelines on myocardial revascularization. However, in recent years, a strategy of “leaving nothing behind” with DCB in de novo coronary stenosis has emerged as an appealing approach. Methods: We performed a systematic review to evaluate the current literature on the use of drug-coated balloons in the treatment of de novo stenosis in large vessel disease. Results: Observational studies, as well as randomized studies, demonstrated the safety of DCB percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in large vessel disease. The rate of major adverse cardiac events is even lower compared to drug-eluting stents in stable coronary artery disease. Conclusions: DCB PCI is feasible in large vessel disease, and future large, randomized studies are ongoing to confirm these results.
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Vegetation Cover in Xinjiang from 2002 to 2015 and Their Response to Climate

In this paper, the dataset of normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVIs) in the arid region in Xinjiang from 2002 to 2015 as well as the climate data from 52 meteorological stations are utilized and the temporal and spatial variations of NDVI in recent years and their response to temperature and precipitation are analyzed in combination with various methods such as the maximum value analysis, correlation analysis and spatial analysis. It is concluded that in the past 14 years, the annual maximum NDVIs of Xinjiang presented a moderate rising tendency; Under the influence of the global background, the temperature and precipitation also showed different degrees of increase, which showed a significant increase in temperature. The annual maximum NDVI had a significant correlation with the annual precipitation (correlation coefficient: 0.634), but no obvious correlation was identified between the annual maximum NDVI and the annual average temperature (correlation coefficient: 0.279). To this end, regarding to the climatic factors, the influence of precipitation on the vegetation cover is higher than that of temperature.
Molecular mechanism of endophytic bacteria DX120E regulating polyamine metabolism and promoting plant growth in sugarcane

Introduction Sugarcane endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Klebsiella variícola DX120E displayed broad impact on growth, but the exact biological mechanism, especially polyamines (PAs) role, is still meager. Methods To reveal this relationship, the content of polyamine oxidase (PAO), PAs, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging antioxidative enzymes, phytohormones, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic synthase (ACS), chlorophyll content, and biomass were determined in sugarcane incubated with the DX120E strain. In addition, expression levels of the genes associated with polyamine metabolism were measured by transcriptomic analysis. Results Genomic analysis of Klebsiella variícola DX120E revealed that 39 genes were involved in polyamine metabolism, transport, and the strain secrete PAs in vitro. Following a 7-day inoculation period, DX120E stimulated an increase in the polyamine oxidase (PAO) enzyme in sugarcane leaves, however, the overall PAs content was reduced. At 15 days, the levels of PAs, ROS-scavenging antioxidative enzymes, and phytohormones showed an upward trend, especially spermidine (Spd), putrescine (Put), catalase (CAT), auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and ACS showed a significant up-regulation. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis found a total of 73 differentially expressed genes, involving in the cell wall (9), stimulus response (13), peroxidase activity (33), hormone (14) and polyamine metabolism (4). Discussion This study demonstrated that endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria stimulated polyamine metabolism and phytohormones production in sugarcane plant tissues, resulting in enhanced growth. Dual RNA-seq analyses provided insight into the early-stage interaction between sugarcane seedlings and endophytic bacteria at the transcriptional level. It showed how diverse metabolic processes selectively use distinct molecules to complete the cell functions under present circumstances.
Tumor immunity: A brief overview of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells and research advances into tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes in gynecological malignancies (Review)

Tumor immunity is a promising topic in the area of cancer therapy. The ‘soil’ function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor growth has attracted wide attention from scientists. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TME, especially the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), serve a key role in cancer. Firstly, relevant literature was searched in the PubMed and Web of Science databases with the following key words: ‘Tumor microenvironment’; ‘TME’; ‘tumor-infiltrating immunity cells’; ‘gynecologic malignancies’; ‘the adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of TILs’; and ‘TIL-ACT’ (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). According to the title and abstract of the articles, relevant items were screened out in the preliminary screening. The most relevant selected items were of two types: All kinds of tumor-infiltrating immune cells; and advanced research on TILs in gynecological malignancies. The results showed that the subsets of TILs were various and complex, while each subpopulation influenced each other and their effects on tumor prognosis were diverse. Moreover, the related research and clinical trials on TILs were mostly concentrated in melanoma and breast cancer, but relatively few focused on gynecological tumors. In conclusion, the present review summarized the biological classification of TILs and the mechanisms of their involvement in the regulation of the immune microenvironment, and subsequently analyzed the development of tumor immunotherapy for TILs. Collectively, the present review provides ideas for the current treatment dilemma of gynecological tumor immune checkpoints, such as adverse reactions, safety, personal specificity and efficacy.