Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Carrier Transport by Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors at High Temperatures

In this study, the interface properties of pentacene organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) were analyzed at elevated temperatures. The pentacene layers were deposited on the poly(α-methyl styrene) (PMS)-treated SiO2 dielectric layers. The threshold voltages (Vt) were varied drastically in the temperature range from 100 to 200 °C due to the phase transition of the PMS layer after the Tg point (TgPMS=76 °C). After high temperature electric measurements, the deformation of pentacene was observed using atomic force microscopy and the oxidation of pentacene was also observed in the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (about 80 °C) by the appearance of C=O bonds. The drastic decrease in mobility of pentacene OTFTs about 100 °C was attributed to the distortion of the pentacene conjugate structure.
Exit Time Problems in Optimal Control and Vanishing Viscosity Method

The authors study the connections between deterministic exit time control problems and possibly discontinuous viscosity solutions of a first-order Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation up to the boundary. This equation admits a maximum and a minimum solution that are the value functions associated to stopping time problems on the boundary. When these solutions are equal, they can be obtained through the vanishing viscosity method. Finally, when the HJ equation has a continuous solution, it is proved to be the value function for the first exit time of the domain. It is also the vanishing viscosity limit arising, in particular, in some large deviations problems.
First-principles analysis of the STM image heights of styrene on Si(100)

K. H. Bevan,1,* F. Zahid,2 D. Kienle,3 and H. Guo2 1NSF Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 2Centre for the Physics of Materials and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal PQ, Canada H3A 2T8 3Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA Received 30 January 2007; revised manuscript received 17 April 2007; published 23 July 2007
Variational formulation for weakly nonlinear perturbations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics

Abstract A new equation of motion that governs weakly nonlinear phenomena in ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) is derived as a natural extension of the well-known linearized equation of motion for the displacement field. This derivation is made possible by expanding the MHD Lagrangian explicitly up to third order with respect to the displacement of plasma, which necessitates an efficient use of the Lie series expansion. The resultant equation of motion (i.e. the Euler–Lagrange equation) includes a new quadratic force term which is responsible for various mode–mode coupling due to the MHD nonlinearity. The third-order potential energy serves to quantify the coupling coefficient among resonant three modes and its cubic symmetry proves the Manley–Rowe relations. In contrast to earlier works, the coupling coefficient is expressed only by the displacement vector field, which is already familiar in the linear MHD theory, and both the fixed and free boundary cases are treated systematically.
On the testing of the magnetic field integral equation with RWG basis functions in method of moments

For electromagnetic analysis using method of moments (MoM), three-dimensional (3-D) arbitrary conducting surfaces are often discretized in Rao, Wilton and Glisson basis functions. The MoM Galerkin discretization of the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE) includes a factor /spl Omega//sub 0/ equal to the solid angle external to the surface at the testing points, which is 2/spl pi/ everywhere on the surface of the object, except at the edges or tips that constitute a set of zero measure. However, the standard formulation of the MFIE with /spl Omega//sub 0/=2/spl pi/ leads to inaccurate results for electrically small sharp-edged objects. This paper presents a correction to the /spl Omega//sub 0/ factor that, using Galerkin testing in the MFIE, gives accuracy comparable to the electric field integral equation (EFIE), which behaves very well for small sharp-edged objects and can be taken as a reference.
Preclinical study in a postoperative pain model to investigate the action of ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid in reversing fentanyl-induced, non–glutamate-dependent hyperalgesia

Fentanyl induced a hyperalgesic effect and was not inhibited by ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid in rats. Observations show that large doses of opioids may increase postoperative pain. Abstract Introduction: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a paradoxical phenomenon in which exposure to opioids can increase sensitivity to painful stimuli. Currently, several drugs have been used in an attempt to prevent OIH. We design this study to address the effect of preemptive treatment with ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid in a rat preclinical model of perioperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Methods: To reproduce OIH in a model of postoperative pain, rats received successive doses of fentanyl subcutaneously and underwent an incision in the paw. In an attempt to prevent OIH, ketamine, lidocaine, and ascorbic acid were administered before treatment with fentanyl. The von Frey test and the hot-plate test were used to evaluate mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, respectively, with a follow-up period from 1 hour up to 7 days after surgery. Spinal cord nerve terminals (synaptosomes) were used to assess glutamate release under our experimental conditions. Results: Consecutive fentanyl injections increased the postoperative pain as indicated by increased thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia 48 hours after incision. Ketamine, lidocaine, and the combination of ketamine + lidocaine were able to prevent thermal hyperalgesia but not mechanical allodynia. Ascorbic acid did not prevent the hyperalgesia induced by fentanyl. We found no correlation between spinal glutamate release and the pharmacological treatments. Conclusion: Fentanyl induced a hyperalgesic effect that last few days in a postoperative model of pain. Hyperalgesic effect was not totally inhibited by ketamine and lidocaine in rats. Increased glutamate release was not the main molecular mechanism of fentanyl-induced hyperalgesia.
THE ALGEBRAIC GEOMETRY OF STRESSES IN FRAMEWORKS

A bar-and-joint framework, with rigid bars and flexible joints, is said to be generically isostatic if it has just enough bars to be infinitesimally rigid in some realization in Euclidean n-space. We determine the equation that must be satisfied by the coordinates of the joints in a given realization in order to have a nonzero stress, and hence an infinitesimal motion, in the framework. This equation, called the pure condition, is expressed in terms of certain determinants, called brackets. The pure condition is obtained by choosing a way to tie down the framework to eliminate the Euclidean motions, computing a bracket expression by a method due to Rosenberg and then factoring out part of the expression related to the tie-down. A major portion of this paper is devoted to proving that the resulting pure condition is independent of the tie-down chosen. We then catalog a number of small examples and their pure conditions, along with the geometric conditions for the existence of a stress which are equivalent .
Thermally stable Ir Schottky contact on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure

We report thermally stable Ir Schottky contacts on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. The Schottky barrier height was increased from 0.68 to 1.07 eV, and the reverse leakage current dramatically decreased after annealing at 500 °C under O2 ambient. No degradation in Schottky barrier height was observed after annealing at 500 °C for 24 h. The oxidation annealing caused predominant Ga outdiffusion to the surface, leading to the shift of surface Fermi level to the energy level of Ga vacancy. This played a role in forming the Schottky contact with large barrier height and excellent thermal stability.
The Impact Of Omnichannel Retail On Customer Patronage Intentions: The Role Of Consumer Empowerment, Service Failure, And Customer Satisfaction

The effects of omnichannel integration on customers are examined in this study along with the mediating roles that customer empowerment, customer satisfaction, and service failure perform. Omni-channel retail enables order processing convergence through continuous information exchange, general operations, logistics, and operations with inventory across all channels. To gather information, 160 young Indonesian consumers who have utilized omnichannel-based applications will be questioned. In order to verify validity, reliability, and hypothesis testing, the data was processed using SMART PLS. The findings show that omnichannel integration increases consumer empowerment and satisfaction, which has a beneficial impact on purchasing intentions. The customer's intents are positively impacted by the service's failure as well. This study deepens our understanding of how multichannel shopping boosts purchase and patronage intentions by maintaining services across online and physical channels. In addition to the conclusion that customers prefer omnichannel, research on retail literature, customer experience, and e-commerce is demonstrating the ways in which internal consumer states influence consumers' buy intentions.
Analysis of current spreading, carrier diffusion, and transverse mode guiding in surface emitting lasers

A model for current spreading and carrier distribution in the active region of a gain‐guided or weakly index‐guided surface emitting laser is presented. At high currents, current ‘‘crowding’’ takes place which reduces the amount of carrier spreading beyond the contact and hence can help stabilize the fundamental mode oscillation. The fundamental mode is a Gaussian whose width varies approximately as the square root of the contact radius.
Current-driven excitations in magnetic multilayer nanopillars from 4.2 k to 300 K

We report direct experimental evidence of an energy threshold for spin-transfer-induced magnetic excitations in Co/Cu/Co nanopillars from temperature dependent measurements of current-induced excitations. The current threshold of excitations decreases when the temperature is increased from 4.2 to 300 K. However, the product of the current threshold and the pillar resistance stays almost temperature independent up to a temperature of ∼150 K. This behavior supports the energy-threshold mechanism for spin-transfer-induced magnetic excitations.
QUBIC, a bolometric interferometer to measure the B-modes of the CMB

3rd ARENA Conference: An Astronomical Observatory at CONCORDIA (Dome C, Antarctica)L. Spinoglio and N. Epchtein (eds)EAS Publications Series, 40 (2010) 399-404QUBIC, a bolometric interferometer to measure the B-modes of the CMBJ. -C. Hamilton and R. CharlassierLaboratoire APC, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris 7, CNRS, IN2P3, 10 rue Alice Domon et Leonie Duquet, 75205 Paris, France The quest for the B-modes in the CMB polarization is one of the main challenges of modern cosmology as it would allow to give sharp constraints on the inflationary period.One of the main challenges of B modes detection is the treatment of systematic errors. Comparison of observations subject to different systematics is crucial. Interferometers offer such an alternative to imagers. However, to obtain the required sensitivity, a very large number of baselines is needed, which is extremely difficult to achieve with heterodyne interferometry. Bolometric interferometry copes with this problem using a new technique: the interference pattern produced by a few hundred horns is imaged on a bolometer array, and a time modulation of phase shifts insures the separation of visibilities while coherently adding redundant ones. The QUBIC collaboration proposes to build such an instrument.
Rotation and magnetic field in the Be star omega Orionis

Ori is a B2IIIe star for which rotational modulation and non-radial pulsations (NRP) have been recently investigated from two independent observational campaigns in 1998 and 1999. Putting the data of these 2 campaigns together, and adding data obtained in 2001, we search for multiperiodicity in the line proﬁle variations and evidence for outbursts. From new spectropolarimetric data obtained at the T´elescope Bernard Lyot (TBL, Pic du Midi, France) in 2001 we also measure the Stokes V parameter in the polarised light. We ﬁnd evidence for the presence of a weak magnetic ﬁeld in ! Ori sinusoidally varying with a period of 1.29 d. The equivalent widths (EW) of the wind sensitive UV resonance lines also show a variation with the same period, which we identify as the rotational period of the star. We propose an oblique rotator model and derive B pol = 530 (cid:6) 230 G to explain the observations. Moreover, we carry out an abundance analysis and ﬁnd the star to be N -enriched, a property which is shared with other magnetic stars. We propose ! Ori as the ﬁrst known classical Be star hosting a magnetic ﬁeld.
Multi-task and feature attention for semi supervised medical images segmentation

Semisupervised learning (SSL) algorithms have received extensive attention in medical images segmentation. However, most SSL methods ignore the significance of boundary regions, and they cannot fully extract the significant image features, resulting in unsatisfactory boundaries and nonsmooth objects. In this study, we propose an SSL network, named Multi-Task and Feature Attention network (MTFA-Net). Our network can produce segmentation map and signed distance map (SDM) to fully mine the geometric information of object boundaries. To extract much more meaningful features, we devise a feature attention module and embed it into V-Net to discover the significance of each neuron, strengthen the important features, and suppress secondary features. Our experiments demonstrate that the method can achieve more accurate segmentation results than current methods on 3D left atrial image database.
Early Yield Estimation in Viticulture Based on Grapevine Inflorescence Detection and Counting in Videos

In viticulture, yield estimation is a key activity, which is important throughout the wine industry value chain. The earlier that an accurate yield estimation can be made the greater its value, increasing management options for grape growers and commercial options for winemakers. For the yield estimate based on in- field measurements at scale, the number of inflorescences emerging after bud-burst offers the earliest practical signal, allowing a yield potential to be determined months before harvest. This paper presents an approach to automatically count the inflorescence number at the phenological stage E-L 12 using RGB video data and demonstrates its use for estimating yield. A dataset consisting of RGB videos was collected shortly after bud-burst from multiple vineyards, in conjunction with hand counts to produce a manual ground-truth for the inflorescence counting task. The video frames were annotated using bounding-boxes around the inflorescences to produce a digital ground-truth. A deep learning architecture was developed to learn features from the video frames during training and detect the inflorescences at the later inference stage. The detection results were fed to a tracking pipeline built using computer vision and deep learning techniques to generate numbers of inflorescences present in test videos. The visual and quantitative results are presented and evaluated for the inflorescence detection and counting tasks. The developed inflorescence detector achieves an average precision of 80.00%, a recall of 83.92%, and an F1-score of 80.48%, through a five-fold cross-validation on the annotated dataset. For the test videos, the developed automatic inflorescence counting model reports an absolute error of 11.03 inflorescences per panel, a normalized mean absolute error of 10.80%, and an $R^{2}$ of 0.86, when the predicted per-panel counts were compared to the corresponding manual ground-truth. Based on the counting results, we estimate an early yield that is within 4% to 11% error when compared to the actual yield after harvest. Based on these results and a separate analysis of the relationship between hand counts of inflorescences and harvest yields in three vineyards over three growing seasons, we conclude that computer vision and machine learning based methods have the potential to provide early yield estimation in viticulture with a commercially viable accuracy.
Image quality of the Medipix pixel detector: detective quantum efficiency

We have measured the intrinsic performance of a digital X-ray detector, the Medipix1, by examining the total detective quantum efficiency (DQE). We studied how the DQE depends on both the incident photon energy and spatial frequency. Reported here is the calculation of the detective quantum efficiency for the case of a 300 /spl mu/m thick silicon diode detector attached to the Medipix1 readout chip. This was done by determining the modulation transfer function and the noise power spectrum; together these allow the frequency component of the DQE to be calculated. X-ray absorption efficiency in the detector gives the dependance on incident energy. This system was found to have a DQE that peaked at 0.118, using a dental X-ray source, and dropped to 0.049 at the Nyquist frequency of 2.94 line pairs per mm.
A uniform GTD formulation for the diffraction by a wedge with impedance faces

A uniform high-frequency solution is presented for the diffraction by a wedge with impedance faces illuminated by a plane wave perpendicularly incident on its edge. Arbitrary uniform isotropic impedance boundary conditions may be imposed on the faces of the wedge, and both the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) cases are considered. This solution is formulated in terms of a diffraction coefficient which has the same structure as that of the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) for a perfectly conducting wedge. Its extension to the present case is achieved by introducing suitable multiplying factors, which have been derived from an asymptotic evaluation of the exact solution given by Maliuzhinets. When the field point is located on the surface near the edge, a more accurate asymptotic evaluation is employed to obtain a high-frequency expression for the diffracted field, which is suitable for several specific applications. The formulation described in this paper may provide a useful, rigorous basis to search for a more numerically efficient but yet accurate approximation.
A Novel Approach for Implant Rehabilitation Combined with Immediate Bone and Soft-Tissue Augmentation in a Compromised Socket—A B2S Approach: Case Report with a 2-Year Follow-Up

In this case report, we aimed to describe a novel approach for aesthetic rehabilitation of the anterior maxilla that combined immediate implant installation with the “Bone2Soft Tissue Reconstruction” (B2S technique), which involves the use of a triple graft harvested from the maxillary tuberosity. The regeneration potential of a tuberosity graft appeared to surpass that of corticocancellous bone grafts harvested from other intraoral donor sites and allowed for quicker regeneration of both bone and soft tissue. The B2S technique extended the indications for immediate implant placement and ridge augmentation to cases involving severe bone resorption and other complex clinical scenarios. Owing to the good visualization facilitated by open-flap access, the surgical procedures can be completed in a single intervention, which will be beneficial for both doctors and patients.
Non-linear magnetization dynamics in nanodevices induced by a spin-polarized current: micromagnetic simulation

In this paper, we present an overview of recent progress made in understanding of the spin-torque induced magnetization dynamics in nanodevices using mesoscopic micromagnetic simulations. In the first part, we perform a detailed quantitative comparison between numerical modelling and experimental data obtained on nanopillar devices. Here we show that although many qualitative features of the observed dynamics can be satisfactorily explained by full-scale micromagnetic models, our understanding of nanopillar experiments is still far from being complete. This manifests itself not only in the incorrect current dependence of the simulated microwave power, but also in the systematic discrepancy between measured and simulated oscillation frequencies; the latter should be considered as an especially alarming signal. We proceed with the numerical analysis of the point contact experiments. These systems demonstrate a much more complicated magnetization dynamics (compared with nanopillars). Numerical simulations reveal that such rich behaviour is due to the formation of several kinds of strongly non-linear oscillation modes. Simulations not only confirm the analytically predicted existence of a so-called non-linear ‘bullet’, but also predict a much more complicated non-linear mode governed by creation and annihilation of at least two vortex–antivortex pairs. We conclude with several remarks concerning the crucial importance of a thorough characterization of experimentally studied systems and possible extensions of numerical models required to resolve the above mentioned contradictions between experiment and simulations.
Knowledge graph construction of component quality management

With the development of Industrial Internet of Things, the types and functions of components are increasing, the application environment is becoming more and more complex. Also, the quality management of components is becoming more and more important. In order to understand the knowledge related to component quality management more conveniently and build an intelligent system for component quality management, this paper proposes a method to construct component quality management knowledge graph based on BERT word embedding model and entity relationship joint extraction method based on annotation strategy. Combining entity extraction and relationship extraction parts into one not only reduces the consumption of computing resources, but also reduces the propagation of wrong entities. In this paper, the sequence to sequence model of Bert-BilSTm-CRF is adopted. Through the BERT word embedding layer, the context information can be better utilized and the accuracy of extraction can be improved. Experimental results show that compared with other classical deep learning term extraction models, this model has a significant improvement in accuracy, recall rate and F1 value.