Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CONSTRAINING THE MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE ACCRETION FLOW OF LOW-LUMINOSITY ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

Observations show that the accretion ows in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGNs) probably have a two-component structure with an inner hot, optically thin, advection dominated accretion ow (ADAF) and an outer truncated cool, optically thick accretion disk. As shown by Taam et al. (2012), within the framework of the disk evaporation model, the truncation radius as a function of mass accretion rate is strongly affected by including the magneticeld. We dene the parameter as pm = B 2 =8 = (1 ) ptot, (where ptot = pgas + pm, pgas is gas pressure and pm is magnetic pressure) to describe the strength of the magneticeld in accretion ows. It is found that an increase of the magneticeld (decreasing the value of ) results in a smaller truncation radius for the accretion disk. We calculate the emergent spectrum of an inner ADAF + an outer truncated accretion disk around a supermassive black hole by considering the effects of the magneticeld on the truncation radius of the accretion disk. By comparing with observations, we found that a weaker magneticeld (corresponding to a bigger value of ) is required to match the observed correlation between L2 10keV=LEdd and the bolometric correction 2 10keV, which is consistent with the physics of the accretion ow with a low mass accretion rate around a black hole.
CONSEQUENCE OF BACKWARD EULER AND CRANK-NICOLSOM TECHNIQUES IN THE FINITE ELEMENT MODEL FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF VARIABLY SATURATED FLOW PROBLEMS

Modeling water flow in variably saturated, porous media is important in many branches of science and engineering. Highly nonlinear relationships between water content and hydraulic conductivity and soil-water pressure result in very steep wetting fronts causing numerical problems. These include poor efficiency when modeling water infiltration into very dry porous media, and numerical oscillation near a steep wetting front. A one-dimensional finite element formulation is developed for the numerical simulation of variably saturated flow systems. First order backward Euler implicit and second order Crank? Nicolson time discretization schemes are adopted as a solution strategy in this formulation based on Picard and Newton iterative techniques. Five examples are used to investigate the numerical performance of two approaches and the different factors are highlighted that can affect their convergence and efficiency. The first test case deals with sharp moisture front that infiltrates into the soil column. It shows the capability of providing a mass-conservative behavior. Saturated conditions are not developed in the second test case. Involving of dry initial condition and steep wetting front are the main numerical complexity of the third test example. Fourth test case is a rapid infiltration of water from the surface, followed by a period of redistribution of the water due to the dynamic boundary condition. The last one-dimensional test case involves flow into a layered soil with variable initial conditions. The numerical results indicate that the Crank? Nicolson scheme is inefficient compared to fully implicit backward Euler scheme for the layered soil problem but offers same accuracy for the other homogeneous soil cases.
KAZHDAN GROUPS, COCYCLES AND TREES

We study cocycles of Kazhdan group actions with values in groups acting on trees. In particular we show that all cocycles of finite measure preserving actions of Kazhdan groups taking values in a free group are cohomologically trivial. Analogous techniques show that a Kazhdan equivalence relation is not treeable. 1. Introduction. Let G be a locally compact group. Recall (Zi) that a unitary representation p of G on a Hilbert space We almost has invariant vectors if for all E > 0 and compact subsets K of G there is a unit vector v E We such that 11p(g)v - vllx < E for all g E K. We say that G has Kazhdan's property T or that G is a Kazhdan group if all unitary representations of G that almost have invariant vectors actually
Kairomone-induced changes in foraging activity of the larval ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis are linked with an increased number of male parasitoid offspring

Interactions between stored product pest insects and their parasitoids are well known to be mediated by infochemicals. However, little knowledge is available about the extent to which parasitoid responses to host kairomones improve host search and parasitization success. Here, we tested whether the release of host-specific kairomones of the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, improves host finding of the larval ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis. Previous studies revealed that volatiles from host larval feces [i.e., (E)-2-nonenal and 1-pentadecene] attract the parasitoid. To determine the most attractive concentration of these two key components, we conduced Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. Most female parasitoids were attracted to a mixture of (E)-2-nonenal and 1-pentadecene at the lowest concentration, while the highest concentration was repellent. Volatiles from host adults (methyl-p-benzoquinone and 4,8-dimethyldecanal) did not attract the parasitoid females at any of the concentrations tested. In flight cage experiments, we analyzed the host finding success of H. sylvanidis by offering host larvae in a Petri dish for 3 days (i) with additionally applied host larval kairomones in the most attractive concentration (test) or (ii) without additional kairomones (control). In test cages, the parasitoids removed a significantly higher number of paralyzed host larvae from the initial population within 48 h than in control cages. After 72 h, significantly more host larvae were parasitized in test cages than in the control. The offspring of parasitoids in test cages differed from the one in control cages by total numbers and especially the number of males. Significantly more parasitoids emerged from the parasitized host larvae in test cages, with enhanced male offspring. Our study demonstrates that the parasitoid’s response to host-associated volatiles can improve parasitization success but also affects the number of males in the parasitoids’ progeny.
Altered resting-state brain activity in functional dyspepsia patients: a coordinate-based meta-analysis

Background Neuroimaging studies have identified aberrant activity patterns in multiple brain regions in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients. However, due to the differences in study design, these previous findings are inconsistent, and the underlying neuropathological characteristics of FD remain unclear. Methods Eight databases were systematically searched for literature from inception to October 2022 with the keywords “Functional dyspepsia” and “Neuroimaging. ” Thereafter, the anisotropic effect size signed the differential mapping (AES-SDM) approach that was applied to meta-analyze the aberrant brain activity pattern of FD patients. Results A total of 11 articles with 260 FD patients and 202 healthy controls (HCs) were included. The AES-SDM meta-analysis demonstrated that FD patients manifested increased activity in the bilateral insula, left anterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral thalamus, right precentral gyrus, left supplementary motor area, right putamen, and left rectus gyrus and decreased functional activity in the right cerebellum compared to the HCs. Sensitivity analysis showed that all these above regions were highly reproducible, and no significant publication bias was detected. Conclusion The current study demonstrated that FD patients had significantly abnormal activity patterns in several brain regions involved in visceral sensation perception, pain modulation, and emotion regulation, which provided an integrated insight into the neuropathological characteristics of FD.
AI-driven and automated MRI sequence optimization in scanner-independent MRI sequences formulated by a domain-specific language

Introduction The complexity of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences requires expert knowledge about the underlying contrast mechanisms to select from the wide range of available applications and protocols. Automation of this process using machine learning (ML) can support the radiologists and MR technicians by complementing their experience and finding the optimal MRI sequence and protocol for certain applications. Methods We define domain-specific languages (DSL) both for describing MRI sequences and for formulating clinical demands for sequence optimization. By using various abstraction levels, we allow different key users exact definitions of MRI sequences and make them more accessible to ML. We use a vendor-independent MRI framework (gammaSTAR) to build sequences that are formulated by the DSL and export them using the generic file format introduced by the Pulseq framework, making it possible to simulate phantom data using the open-source MR simulation framework JEMRIS to build a training database that relates input MRI sequences to output sets of metrics. Utilizing ML techniques, we learn this correspondence to allow efficient optimization of MRI sequences meeting the clinical demands formulated as a starting point. Results ML methods are capable of capturing the relation of input and simulated output parameters. Evolutionary algorithms show promising results in finding optimal MRI sequences with regards to the training data. Simulated and acquired MRI data show high correspondence to the initial set of requirements. Discussion This work has the potential to offer optimal solutions for different clinical scenarios, potentially reducing exam times by preventing suboptimal MRI protocol settings. Future work needs to cover additional DSL layers of higher flexibility as well as an optimization of the underlying MRI simulation process together with an extension of the optimization method.
Primary hepatic lymphoma of MALT type mimicking hepatic adenoma treated by hepatectomy: a case report and literature review

Background Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) is a rare malignant tumor. Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is an indolent lymphoma occurring at extranodal sites. The stomach is the most common organ affected by MALT lymphoma, whereas liver-related lymphoma is rarely reported. Its atypical clinical presentation often delays the diagnosis. Owing to the rarity of PHL, identifying its optimal treatment still remains a challenge. Herein, we report a case of PHL of the MALT type mimicking hepatic adenoma that was treated by hepatectomy without chemotherapy and review the scarce literature. Our findings suggest that surgery is an alternative approach to cure patients with localized hepatic lymphoma. Case summary A 55-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of upper abdominal discomfort, and a liver lesion was detected by computed tomography. She did not have nausea, fever, fatigue, jaundice, weakness, night sweats, or weight loss before admission. And her previous medical history was unremarkable. There were no positive signs on physical examination. Based on her preoperative examination including magnetic resonance imaging, the liver lesion was suspected to be a hepatic adenoma; however, the possibility of it being a malignancy like hepatocellular carcinoma was not excluded. Therefore, a decision of resection of the lesion was made. During the operation, hepatectomy of segment 4b and cholecystectomy were performed. The patient recovered well; however, after postoperative pathological examination, the lesion was diagnosed as a hepatic lymphoma of MALT type. The patient was reluctant to undergo chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At 18-month follow-up, no significant recurrence was observed, indicating that the treatment had a curative effect. Conclusion Notably, primary hepatic lymphoma of MALT type is a rare, low-grade B-cell malignancy. Making an accurate preoperative diagnosis of this disease is usually difficult, and liver biopsy is an appropriate avenue to improve the diagnostic accuracy. In patients with a localized tumor lesion, hepatectomy followed by chemotherapy or radiotherapy should be considered to achieve better outcomes. Although this study describes an unusual type of hepatic lymphoma mimicking a benign tumor, it has its inherent limitations. More clinical studies are required to establish guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.
Canonical Wnt signaling is not required for Tgfb3 expression in the basal medial edge epithelium during palatogenesis

The secondary palate forms from two lateral primordia called the palatal shelves which form a contact in the midline, become adherent at the fusing interface (medial edge epithelia, MEE) and subsequently fuse. The gene encoding transforming growth factor-ß3 (Tgfb3) is strongly and specifically expressed in MEE cells. Our previous study suggested that Tgfb3 expression is controlled via upstream cis-regulatory elements in and around the neighboring Ift43 gene. Another study suggested that the canonical Wnt signaling via ß-Catenin is responsible for the MEE-specific Tgfb3 gene expression, since deletion of the Ctnnb1 gene by a commonly used Keratin 14-Cre (K14Cre) mouse line almost completely abolished Tgfb3 expression in the MEE resulting in cleft palate. Here, we wanted to analyze whether Tcf/Lef consensus binding sites located in the previously identified regions of the Ift43 gene are responsible for the spatiotemporal control of Tgfb3 expression during palatogenesis. We show that contrary to the previous report, deletion of the Ctnnb1 gene in basal MEE cells by the K14Cre driver (the same K14Cre mouse line was used as in the previous study referenced above) does not affect the MEE-specific Tgfb3 expression or TGFß3-dependent palatal epithelial fusion. All mutant embryos showed a lack of palatal rugae accompanied by other craniofacial defects, e.g., a narrow snout and a small upper lip, while only a small subset (<5%) of Ctnnb1 mutants displayed a cleft palate. Moreover, the K14Cre:Ctnnb1 embryos showed reduced levels and altered patterns of Shh expression. Our present data imply that epithelial ß-catenin may not be required for MEE-specific Tgfb3 expression or palatal epithelial fusion.
A randomised sham-controlled study evaluating rTMS analgesic efficacy for postherpetic neuralgia

Context Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a refractory neuropathic pain condition in which new treatment options are being developed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may have the potential to reduce pain sensations in patients with postherpetic neuralgia. Objectives This study investigated the efficacy on postherpetic neuralgia by stimulating two potential targets, the motor cortex (M1) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Methods This is a double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled study. Potential participants were recruited from Hangzhou First People’s Hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to either the M1, DLPFC or Sham group. Patients received ten daily sessions of 10-Hz rTMS in 2 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome measure was visual analogue scale (VAS) assessed at baseline, first week of treatment (week 1), post-treatment (week 2), 1-week (week 4), 1-month (week 6) and 3-month (week 14) follow-up. Results Of sixty patients enrolled, 51 received treatment and completed all outcome assessments. M1 stimulation resulted in a larger analgesia during and after treatment compared to the Sham (week 2 – week 14, p < 0.005), as well as to the DLPFC stimulation (week 1 – week 14, p < 0.05). In addition to pain, sleep disturbance was significantly improved and relieved by targeting either the M1 or the DLPFC (M1: week 4 – week 14, p < 0.01; DLPFC: week 4 – week 14, p < 0.01). Moreover, pain sensations following M1 stimulation uniquely predicted improvement in sleep quality. Conclusion M1 rTMS is superior to DLPFC stimulation in treating PHN with excellent pain response and long-term analgesia. Meanwhile, M1 and DLPFC stimulation were equally effective in improving sleep quality in PHN. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr. org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100051963.
A schizophrenia study based on multi-frequency dynamic functional connectivity analysis of fMRI

At present, fMRI studies mainly focus on the entire low-frequency band (0. 01–0.08 Hz). However, the neuronal activity is dynamic, and different frequency bands may contain different information. Therefore, a novel multi-frequency-based dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) analysis method was proposed in this study, which was then applied to a schizophrenia study. First, three frequency bands (Conventional: 0.01–0.08 Hz, Slow-5: 0.0111–0.0302 Hz, and Slow-4: 0.0302–0.0820 Hz) were obtained using Fast Fourier Transform. Next, the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations was used to identify abnormal regions of interest (ROIs) of schizophrenia, and dFC among these abnormal ROIs was implemented by the sliding time window method at four window-widths. Finally, recursive feature elimination was employed to select features, and the support vector machine was applied for the classification of patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The experimental results showed that the proposed multi-frequency method (Combined: Slow-5 and Slow-4) had a better classification performance compared with the conventional method at shorter sliding window-widths. In conclusion, our results revealed that the dFCs among the abnormal ROIs varied at different frequency bands and the efficiency of combining multiple features from different frequency bands can improve classification performance. Therefore, it would be a promising approach for identifying brain alterations in schizophrenia.
Sympathetic neuropathology is revealed in muscles affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Rationale: The anatomical substrate of skeletal muscle autonomic innervation has remained underappreciated since it was described many decades ago. As such, the structural and functional features of muscle sympathetic innervation are largely undetermined in both physiology and pathology, mainly due to methodological limitations in the histopathological analysis of small neuronal fibers in tissue samples. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disease which mainly targets motor neurons, and despite autonomic symptoms occurring in a significant fraction of patients, peripheral sympathetic neurons (SNs) are generally considered unaffected and, as such, poorly studied. Purpose: In this research, we compared sympathetic innervation of normal and ALS muscles, through structural analysis of the sympathetic network in human and murine tissue samples. Methods and Results: We first refined tissue processing to circumvent methodological limitations interfering with the detection of muscle sympathetic innervation. The optimized “Neuro Detection Protocol” (NDP) was validated in human muscle biopsies, demonstrating that SNs innervate, at high density, both blood vessels and skeletal myofibers, independent of the fiber metabolic type. Subsequently, NDP was exploited to analyze sympathetic innervation in muscles of SOD1G93A mice, a preclinical ALS model. Our data show that ALS murine muscles display SN denervation, which has already initiated at the early disease stage and worsened during aging. SN degeneration was also observed in muscles of MLC/SOD1G93A mice, with muscle specific expression of the SOD1G93A mutant gene. Notably, similar alterations in SNs were observed in muscle biopsies from an ALS patient, carrying the SOD1G93A mutation. Conclusion: We set up a protocol for the analysis of murine and, more importantly, human muscle sympathetic innervation. Our results indicate that SNs are additional cell types compromised in ALS and suggest that dysfunctional SOD1G93A muscles affect their sympathetic innervation.
Role of PGC-1α mediated synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial function, and neuroinflammation in the antidepressant effect of Zi-Shui-Qing-Gan-Yin

Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder, which needs deeper mechanism research studies and effective therapy. Zi-Shui-Qing-Gan-Yin (ZSQGY) is a traditional Chinese medicine decoction that has been widely used in China in the treatment of depressive symptoms. The aim of the study was to examine the anti-depressive effects of ZSQGY and the possible mechanism of action in the monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced depressive model and the corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cell model. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was performed to determine the major compounds in the water extract of ZSQGY. The depressive behaviors were evaluated by the field swimming test (FST), the sucrose preference test (SPT), and the open field test (OFT). Golgi staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to display the alterations of synaptic ultrastructure. The mitochondrion function and inflammatory factors were also quantified. The changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) expression were evaluated. The results of this study demonstrated that ZSQGY significantly improved depressive behaviors. ZSQGY also reversed the changes in synaptic plasticity, improved mitochondrion function, and reduced the levels of inflammatory factors. The neuroprotective effects were accompanied by the increased expression of PGC-1α. However, the beneficial changes were reversed after the inhibition of PGC-1α. These results indicated that ZSQGY effectively could improve depressive behaviors via the mechanisms that regulate synaptic structural plasticity, improve mitochondrion function, and alleviate neuroinflammation, which could, or partly, attribute to the regulation of PGC-1α.
Soil nitrogen dynamics in natural forest ecosystem: a review

Nitrogen (N) is an important component of the forest soils and plays a pivotal role in the ecosystem’s health, also in broadleaf and Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) forests. Nitrogen plays numerous functions in the production and transformation of soil organic matter (SOM) and alterations in the soil’s physicochemical and biological properties. Despite the extensive research on soil properties and microorganism diversity in broadleaf and Moso bamboo forests, we still know very little about N dynamics and its significance in broadleaf and Moso bamboo forests, or how various physical and environmental variables influence soil physicochemical, N dynamics, and biological attributes. This article provides a thorough overview of the role of N dynamics in broadleaf and Moso bamboo forests and changes in soil physicochemical properties processes by summarizing recent advances in our knowledge of forest soil microbial diversity, and carbon (C) and N sink in broadleaf and Moso bamboo forests. As broadleaf and Moso bamboo forests are very sensitive to little change, even a small change in these ecosystems can alter the overall N dynamics. Here, we dissect the soil ecology of broadleaf and Moso bamboo forests to provide insights into the possibilities and consequences of future studies of N dynamics in these ecosystems.