Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Causes of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Awka, South-East Nigeria: A Tertiary Hospital Study

Background: 10 years prior to this study period (2017) the Nigerian National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey (2007) obtained data from all states and regions of Nigeria to enable for effective planning and provision of eye care. 10 years later on update of the statistics is most desirable especially with local studies. This is a preliminary study and the data obtained will act as template for effective formulation/planning on management of visual impairment and blinding ocular problems. Objective: i. To determine the prevalence and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Awka, South East Nigeria. ii. To provide data-base for effective eye care delivery. Methodology: A retrospective, hospital-based study of new patients seen over a 12 months period from January to December 2017 at the Eye Clinic Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka. Result: A total of 1,776 patients were seen in the 12 months period. 737 (41.5%) were males, and 1039 (58.5%) females with ratio of 1:1.4 respectively. The most frequently occurring age group was 21-30 years, followed by 11-20 years. Out of the patients reviewed 185 (10.4%) had visual impairment (presenting VA 6/18) in at least one eye. 72(4.1%) had blindness (presenting VA<3/60) in at least one eye. 113(6.4%) had low vision or moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI) (presenting VA 6/18 to 3/60) in at least one eye. 59 patients (3.3%) had visual impairment in both eyes. 16 (0.9%) were blind in both eyes whilst 43 (2.4%) had low vision in both eyes. The prevalence of blindness, low vision and visual impairment was 0.9%, 2.4%, 3.3% respectively. Major causes of blindness were Glaucoma (26%), Cataract (23.3%), Trauma (13.3%). For visual impairment it was cataract (24%) glaucoma (22%) and refractive Error (21.2%). Conclusion: The common causes of blindness are avoidable. More robust eye care systems involving promotion, preventive and curative measures should be developed to address the identified common causes of blindness and visual impairment.
Teaching Lessons From Engineering Feedback Model For New Educators

: * The Shannon (cid:25)s communication model is often used as a presentation vehicle in a teaching and learning environment. The model includes an input, an output, and a receiver or a transmitter. In engineering, we view this model as a open loop system. A classroom lecture by itself is primarily an open loop system, and many educational researchers suggest that the classroom lecture is less than 10% effective in learning. However, we as educators focus our efforts primarily on the lecture mode. Now there is a body of educational research that suggests that the learning takes place primarily in the corrective feedback path. In electrical engineering systems we call this a negative feedback. The negative feedback is an appropriate term in electrical engineering systems, but in social systems, we can simply use the term feedback. In teaching, this feedback includes such items as classroom interaction, personal interaction of students and faculty members, homework, quizzes, and tests. In a learning environment, this feedback path is the most effective, and we as educators need to focus more on this path. This paper identifies similarities between student learning and the engineering feedback model and discusses teaching techniques, suggestions, and behaviors that are most conducive to student learning. similar to the model of an engineering system. This paper describes both the Shannon (cid:25)s original model and modified model with feedback and compares the modified model with the engineering systems model. It draws analogies between the engineering model and classroom activities and student activities and suggests various lessons that can be learned from the engineering model to improve teaching and learning.
Child language brokers all grown up: Interpreting in multigenerational Italian-Canadian family interaction

Nina: “Our parents would take us to wherever they had to do business so that we’d speak for them you know. They’d go oh we’re going to the bank now I want you to tell the dyou know in English. I want you to speak to them [. ] my mother would say oh you go with Vera because you know she can’t speak to the doctor. And here you are in the doctor’s office with an older lady that’s gonna be examined you know ((laughs)). I never thought about that but that’s some of the things that that we did because you know we could”.
Galois theory of module fields

El desarrollo de una teoria de Galois para ecuaciones diferenciales analoga a la de ecuaciones polinomiales fue ya un objetivo de S. Lie en el siglo XIX. El primer paso en esta direccion fue el desarrollo de una teoria de Galois para ecuaciones diferenciales lineales, debido a E. Picard y E. Vessiot. B.H. Matzat y M. van der Put crearon una teoria para ecuaciones diferenciales iterativas lineales en caracteristica positiva. H. Umemura elaboro una teoria de Galois para ecuaciones diferenciales algebraicas en caracteristica cero. Existen teorias analogas para ecuaciones en diferencias, empezando con una teoria de Galois para ecuaciones en diferencias lineales, hasta la de S. Morikawa y H. Umemura para ecuaciones en diferencias algebraicas. M. Takeuchi, K. Amano y A. Masuoka unificaron las teorias de Galois para ecuaciones diferenciales lineales y para ecuaciones lineales en diferencias usando el lenguaje de modulo algebras. Esta tesis tiene dos objetivos principales. El primero es el desarrollo de una teoria de Galois mas general que combine la capacidad de las teorias de H. Umemura y S. Morikawa, que permite tratar extensiones de cuerpos de gran generalidad, con la ventaja de la formulacion de K. Amano y A. Masuoka que unifica estructuras como las derivaciones y los automorfismos. El segundo objetivo es el de eliminar la restriccion a cuerpos de caracteristica cero de las teorias de H. Umemura y S. Morikawa.
ImprovIng the relevancy of breedIng for wood qualIty In PINUS radIata*

Improving wood quality of softwoods using selective breeding (“Family” or “Varietal Forestry”) will improve the efficiency of plantation pine forests at meeting future society’s fibre needs, providing improved material is deployed into forests on a sufficient scale. Only by such deployment does wood quality breeding become practically relevant. although breeding for wood quality is not without its challenges, there are many reasons to attempt it, and some genetically improved material already exists. Unfortunately some foresters hesitate to pay price premiums for such improved planting stock. one issue is that wood qualities such as log velocity may not benefit growers if they are used only to audit whether a log may remain in a visual structural grade or be downgraded. Some processors already have mechanisms for sharing added value of high log velocity with growers, and such mechanisms should gain widespread acceptance over time. breeders can help by providing clear examples to growers and processors of the wood quality improvements possible from genetic selection through to crop maturity, and of the resulting value impacts on stumpage and through processing. a new series of proposed demonstration forests, Forest+, would also help by showcasing to investors and policy makers the very best plantation forest practices. These plantings would naturally utilise the best silviculture and genetics, and present financial returns could be assessed regularly. Greater net incomes possible through the use of elite ‘2Q’ (quantity & quality) genetics will help forestry compete with intensive animal production systems such as dairy that drive current deforestation trends in New Zealand.
A Stochastic Leaky-Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Model With Floating Gate-Based Technology for Fast and Accurate Population Coding

An analytical model has been developed for stochastic leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neurons with floating gate (FG) technology. The stochastic behaviors have been modeled extensively for both individual neurons and populations of neurons. In the FG LIF neurons, the electron injection is governed by the tunneling process through the gate oxide, leading to the exponential distributions of the injection time and inter spike interval (ISI) stochasticity. The concept of the population coding is demonstrated by simulating the stochastic behaviors of the populations of the FG LIF neurons. The ISI stochasticity enables encoding of the input signals to the population outputs. Spike-to-spike stochasticity improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the population outputs. Moreover, the shape of the ISI distribution can be controlled by adjusting the number of electrons to spike (NES). Exponential-like ISI distributions are realized by reducing the NES. With the exponential-like ISI distributions, the population of fast spiking neurons increases significantly (more than 10% of neurons spiking twice faster than the mean ISI), potentially contributing to the fast computation. Finally, step-by-step procedures have been proposed to design the FG LIF neurons exhibiting the desired neuron characteristics including operation voltage (0.5 V to 3 V), leaky time constant $( { < } 1~ {\mathrm {\mu }}\text{s}$ to >10 ms), ISI mean (in the range of 6 orders of magnitude) and stochasticity ~0 % to ~60 %) as well as the type of the distribution (exponential-like to Gaussian-like).
MoDLF: a model-driven deep learning framework for autonomous vehicle perception (AVP)

Modern vehicles are extremely complex embedded systems that integrate software and hardware from a large set of contributors. Modeling standards like EAST-ADL have shown promising results to reduce complexity and expedite system development. However, such standards are unable to cope with the growing demands of the automotive industry. A typical example of this phenomenon is autonomous vehicle perception (AVP) where deep learning architectures (DLA) are required for computer vision (CV) tasks like real-time object recognition and detection. However, existing modeling standards in the automotive industry are unable to manage such CV tasks at a higher abstraction level. Consequently, system development is currently accomplished through modeling approaches like EAST-ADL while DLA-based CV features for AVP are implemented in isolation at a lower abstraction level. This significantly compromises productivity due to integration challenges. In this article, we introduce MoDLF - A Model-Driven Deep learning Framework to design deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architectures for AVP tasks. Particularly, Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is leveraged to propose a metamodel along with a conformant graphical modeling workbench to model DCNNs for CV tasks in AVP at a higher abstraction level. Furthermore, Model-To-Text (M2T) transformations are provided to generate executable code for MATLAB® and Python. The framework is validated via two case studies on benchmark datasets for key AVP tasks. The results prove that MoDLF effectively enables model-driven architectural exploration of deep convnets for AVP system development while supporting integration with renowned existing standards like EAST-ADL.
SUZAKU X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE FERMI BUBBLES: NORTHERNMOST CAP AND SOUTHEAST CLAW DISCOVERED WITH MAXI-SSC

We report on Suzaku observations of large-scale X-ray structures possibly related to the Fermi Bubbles obtained in 2013 with a total duration of ≃80 ks. The observed regions were (1) the northern cap (N-cap; l ∼ 0°, 45° < b < ? > 55°) seen in the mid-band (1.7–4.0 keV) map recently provided by Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image Solid-state Slit Camera (MAXI-SSC) and (2) the southeast claw (SE-claw; l ∼ 10°, − 20 ° < b < − 10 ° ? > ) seen in the ROSAT all-sky map and MAXI-SSC low-band (0.7–1.7 keV) map. In each region, we detected diffuse X-ray emission, which is represented by a three-component plasma model consisting of an unabsorbed thermal component (kT ≃ ? > 0.1 keV) from the Local Hot Bubble, absorbed kT = 0.30 ± 0.05 keV emission representing the Galactic halo (GH), and a power-law component due to the isotropic cosmic X-ray background radiation. The emission measure of the GH component in the SE-claw shows an excess by a factor of ≃2.5 over the surrounding emission at 2° away. We also found a broad excess in the 1.7–4.0 keV count rates across the N-cap after compiling other archival data from Suzaku and Swift. The spectral stacking analysis of the N-cap data indicates the presence of another thermal component with kT = 0.70 − 0.11 + 0.22 ? > keV. The temperature kT ≃ ? > 0.3 keV of the GH is higher than the ubiquitous value of kT ≃ ? > 0.2 keV near the Fermi bubbles, and can be even higher (∼0.7 keV). We discuss our findings in the context of the bubble–halo interaction.
Developments and difficulties in predicting the relative velocities of inertial particles at the small-scales of turbulence

In this paper, we consider the development of theoretical models to predict the relative velocities of inertial particles in isotropic turbulence. In particular, we use our recently developed theory for the backward-in-time (BIT) relative dispersion of inertial particles in turbulence [Bragg et al., “Forward and backward in time dispersion of fluid and inertial particles in isotropic turbulence,” Phys. Fluids 28, 013305 (2016)] to develop the theoretical model by Pan and Padoan [“Relative velocity of inertial particles in turbulent flows,” J. Fluid Mech. 661, 73 (2010)]. We focus on the most difficult regime to model, the dissipation range, and find that the modified Pan and Padoan model (that uses the BIT dispersion theory) can lead to significantly improved predictions for the relative velocities, when compared with the Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) data. However, when the particle separation distance, r, is less than the Kolmogorov lengthscale, η, the modified model overpredicts the DNS data. We ex.
Semistability and simple connectivity at ∞ of finitely generated groups with a finite series of commensurated subgroups

A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is $commensurated$ in $G$ if for each $g\in G$, $gHg^{-1}\cap H$ has finite index in both $H$ and $gHg^{-1}$. If there is a sequence of subgroups $H=Q_0\prec Q_1\prec . \prec Q_{k}\prec Q_{k+1}=G$ where $Q_i$ is commensurated in $Q_{i+1}$ for all $i$, then $Q_0$ is $subcommensurated$ in $G$. In this paper we introduce the notion of the simple connectivity at infinity of a finitely generated group (in analogy with that for finitely presented groups). Our main result is: If a finitely generated group $G$ contains an infinite, finitely generated, subcommensurated subgroup $H$, of infinite index in $G$, then $G$ is 1-ended and semistable at $\infty$. If additionally, $H$ is finitely presented and 1-ended, then $G$ is simply connected at $\infty$. A normal subgroup of a group is commensurated, so this result is a strict generalization of a number of results, including the main theorems of G. Conner and M. Mihalik \cite{CM}, B. Jackson \cite{J}, V. M. Lew \cite{L}, M. Mihalik \cite{M1}and \cite{M2}, and J. Profio \cite{P}.
Review of a chemical approach to YBa2Cu3O7−x-coated superconductors—metalorganic deposition using trifluoroacetates

Large-area, uniform, high critical current density (Jc) YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) superconductor films are now routinely obtained by metalorganic deposition using trifluoroacetates (TFA-MOD). This method does not require any expensive vacuum apparatus at any time during the whole process. Thus, TFA-MOD is regarded as one of the most suitable candidates for fabricating a YBCO tape for many high-power applications. This method originated from an electron beam process using BaF2 developed by Mankiewich et al. Afterwards, Gupta et al reported using TFA-MOD to prepare a similar precursor film. These two ex situ processes used fluorides instead of BaCO3 to avoid the fatal deterioration in Jc, which is caused in the resulting films through metal carboxylic groups. Fluorides not only avoid such deterioration but also lead to perfectly c-axis-oriented epitaxial crystal growth. In conventional metalorganic deposition, nucleation in the precursor film causes random orientation in the resulting film. However, in TFA-MOD, nanocrystallites in the precursor film never cause such disorder. Furthermore, during the firing process of TFA-MOD, water and HF gas diffuse quickly between the film surface and growth front of the YBCO layer. This diffusion never limits the growth rate of YBCO. What distinguishes TFA-MOD from conventional metalorganic deposition? What happens during heat treatment? In this paper, we discuss all the TFA-MOD processes and the peculiar growth scheme of the YBCO layer in TFA-MOD using the model of a quasi-liquid network. In addition, we review the history of TFA-MOD and recent results and discuss the prospects of future applications.
Littlewood-Paley operators on BMO

Two Littlewood-Paley operators, the area integral and the function g*, are considered as operators on functions of bounded mean oscillation. It is proved that the image of a BMO function under one of these operators is either equal to infinity almost everywhere or is in BMO. Introduction. In [2], John and Nirenberg introduced the space BMO of functions of bounded mean oscillation. We say a locally integrable function f is in BMO(RT) if there is a constant C so that for all cubes Q c RT there is a constant CQ depending only on Q so that IQ| If (t) cQl dt < C. It is well known that cQ can always be chosen to be the average of f over Q, (1/lQI) fQ f(t) dt. The smallest C that satisfies the definition is called the BMO norm of f and is denoted lf II. Identifying functions which differ by an additive constant makes BMO a Banach space. One interest in BMO is that many operators which are bounded on LP, 1 < p < oo, but not on L? , are bounded when considered as operators on BMO. Wang [7] considered the g-function defined on BMO functions. Using a very simple proof, he proved THEOREM. Let f c BMO(Rn). Either g(f)(x) = oo almost everywhere or g(f)(x) < oo almost everywhere and there is a constant C depending only on n such that 1lg(f)WI* < Clif 1* Thus, the g-function is not a bounded operator on all of BMO, but is bounded on the subset of functions whose g-function is finite almost everywhere. This leads one to consider whether the other Littlewood-Paley operators, the area integral S(f) and the g9 function, satisfy similar results. In [3], we prove estimates on the nonincreasing rearrangements of the three Littlewood-Paley operators. The techniques for all three are similar and the results yield information about the operators on spaces near L? Thus, it is not surprising that those techniques can be used to prove analogs of Wang's theorem. The main results of this paper are the following theorems. THEOREM 1. Let f E BMO(Rn). Either S(f)(x) = oo almost everywhere or S(f)(x) < oo almost everywhere and there is a constant C depending only on n such that IIS(f)HI* < Clif I*. Received by the editors February 19, 1986. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 42B25.
The Intelligibility of the Universe

Hume famously warned us that the ‘[The] ultimate springs and principles are totally shut up from human curiosity and enquiry’. Or, again, Newton: ‘Hitherto I have not been able to discover the cause of these properties of gravity … and I frame no hypotheses. ’ Aristotelian science was concerned with just such questions, the specification of occult qualities, the real essences that answer the question What is matter, etc? , the preoccupation with circular definitions such as dormative virtues, and so on. The rise of modern science is usually seen as a break with the sterility of Aristotelianism, so what exactly is it that modern science does discover, if it is not the essential nature of matter, of force, of energy, of space and time? A famous answer was provided by Poincaré: ‘The true relations between these real objects are the only reality we can attain. ’ This is often regarded as the manifesto of so-called structural realism, as espoused in recent years by John Worrall, for example (cp. his (1989)). In response to the arguments of Larry Laudan (1982) against convergent realism, Worrall points to the continuity in the formal relations between elements of reality expressed by mathematical equations, while the intrinsic nature of these elements of reality gets constantly revised.
Ki-67 is necessary during DNA replication for forks protection and genome stability

Background The proliferation antigen Ki-67 has been widely used in clinical settings for cancer staging for many years but investigations on its biological functions have lagged. Recently, Ki-67 was shown to regulate both the composition of the chromosome periphery and chromosome behaviour in mitosis as well as to play a role in heterochromatin organisation and gene transcription. However, a role for Ki-67 in regulating cell cycle progression has never been reported. The progress towards understanding Ki-67 function have been limited by the tools available to deplete the protein coupled to its abundance and fluctuation during the cell cycle. Results Here we have used an auxin-inducible degron tag (AID) to achieve a rapid and homogeneous degradation of Ki-67 in HCT116 cells. This system, coupled with APEX2 proteomics and phospho-proteomics approaches, allowed us to show for the first time that Ki-67 plays a role during DNA replication. In its absence, DNA replication is severely delayed, the replication machinery is unloaded, causing DNA damage that is not sensed by the canonical pathways and dependant on HUWE1 ligase. This leads to replication and sister chromatids cohesion defects, but it also triggers an interferon response mediated by the cGAS/STING pathway in all the cell lines tested. Conclusions We have unveiled a new function of Ki-67 in DNA replication and genome maintenance that is independent of its previously known role in mitosis and gene regulation.