Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do People Desire to Cycle More During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Investigating the Role of Behavioural Characteristics through a Structural Model

Most cycling behaviour studies have defined it using objective variables and focused on normal conditions. This study applies latent class analysis to a sample of 375 survey respondents in Tehran, the Capital city of Iran, exploring the variables influencing cycling behaviour during pandemic covid-19. We made a statistical comparison among the data obtained from the questionnaires and the statistical data of the 2016 census. A structural equation modeling (SEM) was developed. Fourteen indicators define three latent variables. Cycling behaviour is defined by these three latent factors and three indicators. This paper goes through each of the indicators and their impact on latent variables. The findings show that latent factors have a direct impact on cycling behaviour. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a great tool for defining cyclist behaviour analysis that shows the positive and negative influence of variables on cycling rate during a covid-19 pandemic. There are some limitations in the area of this study in developing countries discussed in the paper.
EXAMINATION OF INTERNET AND SHOPPING ONLINE ADDICTION ON KOSOVO STUDENTS DURING THE COVID PERIOD

In order to carry out this research, questionnaires were collected online, where the main focus was students from public and private faculties. The specific focus of the research is the correlation of internet addiction with online shopping. In order to achieve the objectives of the study and the ideal results, participants were selected from different faculties in Kosovo and we were able to collect data from different parts of Kosovo. These questionnaires were collected during the covid-19 period in 2021. Questionnaires were applied to different age groups starting from 18 years old and above. The number of participants in this study is 295. The research analyzes were done with IBM SPSS Statistics, where a non-parametric correlation and Spearman's analysis between Internet addiction and online shopping were aimed in our research, we noticed gender differences in the dependence on online shopping where women have resulted higher in this case, the value is higher of addiction to online student shopping varies significantly in terms of gender. Our results also show a significant change in financial status which means dependence on online shopping leads to financial difficulties. Internet and shopping addiction has resulted in positive correlations; addiction has been high where the main cause may be the pandemic time which has made people more passive. This research aimed to find the dependency of online shopping in the universities of Kosovo, where the research was conducted through two questionnaires that measured Internet addiction and online shopping where the focus was on students.
General Relativistic Tilt and Dark Energy

Cosmological data seem to imply dynamical behaviour different to that implied by standard cosmological models. This dynamical behaviour is often modeled by an exotic form of matter with a non‐standard effective equation of state parameter called dark energy. We show that in general relativistic tilting perfect fluid cosmological models with an ultra‐radiative equation of state, generically the tilt becomes extreme at late times and observers moving with the tilting fluid will experience dynamical behaviour similar to that of quintessence or phantom cosmology.
The Life Cycle Transitions of Temperate Phages: Regulating Factors and Potential Ecological Implications

Phages are viruses that infect bacteria. They affect various microbe-mediated processes that drive biogeochemical cycling on a global scale. Their influence depends on whether the infection is lysogenic or lytic. Temperate phages have the potential to execute both infection types and thus frequently switch their infection modes in nature, potentially causing substantial impacts on the host-phage community and relevant biogeochemical cycling. Understanding the regulating factors and outcomes of temperate phage life cycle transition is thus fundamental for evaluating their ecological impacts. This review thus systematically summarizes the effects of various factors affecting temperate phage life cycle decisions in both culturable phage-host systems and natural environments. The review further elucidates the ecological implications of the life cycle transition of temperate phages with an emphasis on phage/host fitness, host-phage dynamics, microbe diversity and evolution, and biogeochemical cycles.
A systematic literature review of carbon emissions in the Chinese construction industry

In order to clarify the current situation of research on carbon emissions of China's construction industry and point out the research direction for the related research of carbon emissions in China and similar economies in the world, this study uses the systematic literature review method to screen the articles related to carbon emissions of China's construction industry from 2014 to 2021, and 134 papers were kept. These articles were analyzed from three aspects: carbon emission stages, research scope and research method. This study finds that: 1) in terms carbon emission stages, the amounts of articles on the whole life cycle of Chinese construction industry is the largest, accounting for 47.01%; The second is the articles on the materialization stage, accounting for 17.91%. 2) In terms of research scope, the research on individual projects and the research from the industry level accounted for 61.94% and 38.06% of the total amount of articles respectively. Among the articles on individual projects, the articles on buildings were the most, accounting for 67.47% of such articles. Among the articles on the industry level, the articles on carbon emissions of national construction industry were the most, accounting for 60.78% of such articles. 3) In terms of research method, the quantitative method used in micro-level research is mainly the carbon emission coefficient method, and the analysis method is mainly the life cycle assessment method; the quantitative method used in macro-level research is mainly the input-output method, and the analysis method is mainly decomposition analysis methods.
Correlation Functions and Confinement in Scalar QCD

The complete knowledge of a theory is encoded in its correlation functions. Thus non-perturbative effects, like confinement in QCD, is necessarily contained in these correlation functions. As a consequence, a number of confinement scenarios make predictions for the behavior of these correlation functions. Non-perturbative methods, like lattice calculations, permit to calculate the correlation functions and test these predictions. To avoid the entanglement with chiral symmetry breaking and the costs of full fermion simulations, here scalar QCD will be used as a role model, as it is expected that confinement operates in the same way. We present results on both two-point functions and three-point functions for the case of two colors and two flavors of scalars, and compare them to the predictions.
Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Variants in Pregnant Women and Their Neonates under Antenatal Vaccination with Moderna (mRNA-1273) Vaccine

The aim of the study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain IgG antibody (SRBD IgG) binding ratio (SBR) from Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women and neonates. The impact of antenatal influenza (flu) and pertussis (Tdap) vaccines was also studied. We enrolled pregnant women vaccinated with the Moderna (mRNA-1273) vaccine during pregnancy and collected maternal plasma (MP) and neonatal cord blood (CB) during delivery to determine the SBR via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). A total of 78 samples were collected from 39 pregnant women. The SBR was higher for Alpha variants compared to Beta/Gamma variants (MP: 63.95% vs. 47.91% vs. 43.48%, p = 0.0001; CB: 72.14% vs. 56.78% vs. 53.66%, p = 0.006). Pregnant women receiving two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine demonstrated a better SBR against SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants than women receiving just a single dose. Women who received the Tdap/flu vaccines demonstrated a better SBR when two COVID-19 vaccine doses were < 6 weeks apart. A better SBR was detected among women who had more recently received their second COVID-19 vaccine dose. Two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine provided recipients with a better SBR for Alpha/Beta/Gamma variants. Although Tdap/flu vaccines may affect the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine, different vaccination timings can improve the SBR.
Recursos didáticos durante o ensino remoto: uma breve reflexão

RESUMO A educação a distância inaugurou uma forma de ensinar e aprender rompendo com as limitações temporais e espaciais, que atrelada ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais resultou na diversificação de recursos didáticos, ampliando as formas de concretizar a educação. No ano de 2020, em que o vírus Sars-CoV-2 se propagou mundialmente, as escolas fecharam e teve início o ensino remoto, alvo de grande contrariedade perante a desigualdade social. Para alguns a oportunidade de continuar estudando, mesmo que de forma atípica, foi motivo de alívio, enquanto para outros o início de grandes angústias. Esse artigo se propõe a analisar alguns fragmentos do ensino remoto sob o viés do uso dos recursos didáticos, considerando as respostas de alguns professores e familiares que vivenciaram essa realidade educativa em uma escola pública do centro-oeste paulista, propondo um diálogo reflexivo sobre a realidade a fim de provocar mudanças e engajamento para a garantia do direito à educação de qualidade de forma democrática. Palavras-chave: Educação básica. Acesso à educação. Ensino pela internet.
Response of broiler chickens to substitution of vitamin-mineral premix with Carica papaya seed meal

The study investigated the physiological response of broiler chickens to substitution of commer-cial vitamin-mineral premix with Carica papaya seed meal (CPS). Two hundred and twenty four (224) mixed sexes Abor – acre day old chicks were subjected to trial for 6 weeks. Data were collected on performance, haematology, serum biochemistry, serum electrolytes and organ morphology. The birds were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments: T1: control with commercial vitamin-mineral-premix (VMP) at 0.3% only, T2, 0.05% CPS + 0.25 VMP, T3 0.20 VMP + 0.1 CPS, T4 0.15 VMP + 0.15 CPS, T5 0.10 VMP + 0.2 CPS, T6 0.05 VMP + 0.25 CPS and T7 0.3 CPS. Treatments composed of 4 replica-tions with 8 birds per replicate. Results indicated that significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in all the treatments for WG, FCR and FI. Birds fed with 0.3% of CPS had the best FCR. At the starter phase, significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in the haematology of the birds, however, the values obtained for hemoglobin, white blood cell and eosinophils were not significantly different (p>0.05) while at the finisher phase, the inclusion of Carica papaya seed meal significantly influenced (p<0.05) the values of haematology, the values were however higher (p<0.05) at higher levels of inclu-sion except for white blood cells (WBC) and platelets counts that the control group had significantly higher (p<0.05) values. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in serum biochemistry parameters at the starter phase except for alanine transaminase (ALT) with significantly higher (p<0.05) value at the control but significantly affected (p<0.05) all the serum biochemical parameters at the finisher phase. Birds fed CPS had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for glucose, cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL). However, birds fed 0.20% CPS had significant highest (p<0.05) values for ALT, Alanine phosphatase (ALP), glucose, cholesterol, LDL and high density lipoprotein (HDL). CPS sig-nificantly influenced (p<0.05) serum electrolytes. Birds in 0.05 and 0.10% CPS inclusion groups had significantly higher (p<0.05) values for sodium, chloride and bicarbonate ions when compared to the control. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) for kidney, liver and spleen. The use of CPS did not impair nutrient utilization neither does it have any adverse effect on the health status of the broiler chickens, hence the use of CPS may be considered as substitute for vitamin-mineral premix in broiler chickens nutrition.
A Critical Review of Recent Literature on Metal Contents in E-Cigarette Aerosol

The inhalation of metallic compounds in e-cigarette (EC) aerosol emissions presents legitimate concerns of potential harms for users. We provide a critical review of laboratory studies published after 2017 on metal contents in EC aerosol, focusing on the consistency between their experimental design, real life device usage and appropriate evaluation of exposure risks. All experiments reporting levels above toxicological markers for some metals (e.g., nickel, lead, copper, manganese) exhibited the following experimental flaws: (i) high powered sub-ohm tank devices tested by means of puffing protocols whose airflows and puff volumes are conceived and appropriate for low powered devices; this testing necessarily involves overheating conditions that favor the production of toxicants and generate aerosols that are likely repellent to human users; (ii) miscalculation of exposure levels from experimental outcomes; (iii) pods and tank devices acquired months and years before the experiments, so that corrosion effects cannot be ruled out; (iv) failure to disclose important information on the characteristics of pods and tank devices, on the experimental methodology and on the resulting outcomes, thus hindering the interpretation of results and the possibility of replication. In general, low powered devices tested without these shortcomings produced metal exposure levels well below strict reference toxicological markers. We believe this review provides useful guidelines for a more objective risk assessment of EC aerosol emissions and signals the necessity to upgrade current laboratory testing standards.
Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma genus. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a significant threat as many people are at risk of infection. Despite this, HAT is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Over the last few years, several studies have reported the existence of a wide diversity of trypanosome species circulating in African animals. Thus, domestic and wild animals could be reservoirs of potentially dangerous trypanosomes for human populations. However, very little is known about the role of domestic animals in maintaining the transmission cycle of human trypanosomes in central Africa, especially in Gabon, where serious cases of infection are recorded each year, sometimes leading to hospitalization or death of patients. Komo-Mondah, located within Estuaries (Gabonese province), stays the most active HAT disease focus in Gabon, with a mean of 20 cases per year. In this study, we evaluated the diversity and prevalence of trypanosomes circulating in domestic animals using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. We found that 19.34% (53/274) of the domestic animals we studied were infected with trypanosomes. The infection rates varied among taxa, with 23.21% (13/56) of dogs, 16.10% (19/118) of goats, and 21.00% (21/100) of sheep infected. In addition, we have observed a global mixed rate of infections of 20.75% (11/53) among infected individuals. Molecular analyses revealed that at least six Trypanosome species circulate in domestic animals in Gabon (T. congolense, T. simiae, T. simiae Tsavo, T. theileri, T. vivax, T. brucei (including T. brucei brucei, and T. brucei gambiense)). In conclusion, our study showed that domestic animals constitute important potential reservoirs for trypanosome parasites, including T. brucei gambiense, which is responsible for HAT.
COX-2 Expression in Hepatocytes Improves Mitochondrial Function after Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in prostanoid biosynthesis. The constitutive hepatocyte expression of COX-2 has a protective role in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI), decreasing necrosis, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and increasing autophagy and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. The physiopathology of IRI directly impacts mitochondrial activity, causing ATP depletion and being the main source of ROS. Using genetically modified mice expressing human COX-2 (h-COX-2 Tg) specifically in hepatocytes, and performing I/R surgery on the liver, we demonstrate that COX-2 expression has a beneficial effect at the mitochondrial level. Mitochondria derived from h-COX-2 Tg mice livers have an increased respiratory rate associated with complex I electron-feeding pathways compared to Wild-type (Wt) littermates, without affecting complex I expression or assembly. Furthermore, Wt-derived mitochondria show a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) that correlates to increased proteolysis of fusion-related OPA1 through OMA1 protease activity. All these effects are not observed in h-COX-2 Tg mitochondria, which behave similarly to the Sham condition. These results suggest that COX-2 attenuates IRI at a mitochondrial level, preserving the proteolytic processing of OPA1, in addition to the maintenance of mitochondrial respiration.
MELHOR PREDIO LINEAR NO VICIADA (BLUP) DE VALORES GENTICOS NO MELHORAMENTO DE Pinus

O presente trabalho comparou cinco procedimentos de estimacao/predicao de valores geneticos no melhoramento de Pinus. Em situacoes de dados balanceados e homogeneidade de variâncias genetica e ambiental, os metodos de quadrados minimos ordinarios (OLS), quadrados minimos generalizados (GLS), melhor predicao (BP), melhor predicao linear (BLP) e melhor predicao linear nao viciada (BLUP) se equivalem para efeitos de ordenamento de materiais geneticos (mas nao para estimacao/predicao de valores geneticos e ganhos geneticos). Em qualquer situacao, o metodo BLUP e igual ou superior aos demais. Em geral, sao melhores os seguintes metodos, em ordem decrescente: BLUP, BLP, BP, GLS e OLS.
Sperm DNA fragmentation in consecutive ejaculates from patients with cancer for sperm cryopreservation

Objective This prospective consecutive study investigated the variation in sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) in multiple semen samples from patients with cancer. Methods Eighty-one patients with various cancers underwent multiple semen collections on 3 consecutive days for sperm cryopreservation prior to cancer treatment. A commercial Halosperm kit was used to measure SDF. Within- and between-subject coefficients of variation were estimated via random-effects analysis of variance to assess the consistency of semen parameters and SDF. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated to assess the magnitude of the between-subject component of variance relative to the total variance. Results The volume of semen in the day-2 and day-3 samples was significantly lower compared with the day-1 sample. Most parameters showed high ICC values, suggesting that within-subject fluctuations were small relative to the between-subject variability. The highest ICC values were identified for the SDF (ICC, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45–0.84) and semen volume (ICC, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45–0.84). Conclusion Our findings showed that repeated ejaculates from patients with cancer had stable SDF levels.
Analysis of Causes and Results of Fetal Growth in Utero Caused by Genetic Factors Detected by Ultrasound

In order to investigate the value of the ultrasonic monitoring of maternal and fetal vascular parameters, serum vitamin D, and placental growth factor (PLGF) in predicting fetal growth restriction (FGR), a method of ultrasonic detection of genetic factors causing fetal growth in utero was proposed. 125 pregnant women with FGR diagnosed in our hospital from June 2018 to June 2021 (the FGR group) and 125 pregnant women with a normal prenatal examination (the control group) were collected retrospectively. The systolic/diastolic blood flow ratio (S/D), pulsatile index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the fetal umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and maternal uterine artery (UtA) were monitored by ultrasound at 20 to 24 weeks of gestation, and the levels of serum vitamin D and PLGF were detected. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive value of FGR. The results showed that the S/D, PI, and RI of UA in the FGR group were higher than those in the control group, the areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.866, 0.817, and 0.849, and the sensitivity and specificity were (72.8%, 91.2%), (50.4%, 100%), and (72.8%, 91.2%), respectively. The S/D, PI, and RI of MCA were lower than those of the control group. The AUC was 0.882, 0.869, and 0.834, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity were (92.0%, 74.4%), (88.8%, 81.6%), and (90.4%, 72%), respectively. The S/D, PI, and RI of UtA were higher than those of the control group; the AUC was 0.768, 0.729, and 0.732; the sensitivity and specificity were (91.2%, 52%), (48%, 90.4%), and (48.8%, 90.4%), respectively. The serum levels of vitamin D and PLGF were lower than those of the control group (AUC 0.784 and 0.807), and the sensitivity and specificity were (54.4%, 91.2%) and (99.2%, 52%), respectively. It was concluded that the ultrasound monitoring of UA, MCA, and UtA in pregnant women in the middle of pregnancy and detection of serum vitamin D and PLGF levels had a certain predictive value for FGR. Moreover, the comprehensive evaluation could reduce the occurrence of FGR in high-risk pregnant women.
New pure shear elastic surface waves in magneto-electro-elastic half-space

Pure shear surface waves guided by the free surface of a magneto-electro-elastic material are investigated. Three surface waves are obtained for various magneto-electrical conditions on the free surface of the magneto-electro-elastic half-space. The velocities of propagation and the existence conditions for each of these waves are obtained in explicit exact form.