Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety and feasibility of curved lead simultaneously implanted into pedunculopontine nucleus and subthalamic nucleus

To the Editor: Combined nuclei stimulation may have a synergistic effect on controlling the symptoms of nervous system diseases and improving quality of life. [1] However, increasing of leads may increase costs and complications. [2] Therefore, our study aims to investigate the safety and feasibility of the single curved lead, which can simultaneously reach both subthalamic nucleus (STN) and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN). The animal experiment, which was ethically approved ([No. 2019] [234]) by the animal research ethical committee of the Second Af ﬁ liated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, was performed complied with the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guideline. Twenty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 290 – 310 g were randomly and equably assigned to four groups: (1) Sham-modeled group (Group A): all rats were injected with 3 m L of 0.9% saline containing ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/mL) into the right medial forebrain bundle (MFB); (2) Sham-operated group (Group B): all rats were injected with 3 m L 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (3.5 m g/ m L) into the right MFB without lead implantation; (
Disturbance Observer-Based Robust Control Design for Uncertain Periodic Piecewise Time-Varying Systems With Disturbances

With the aid of disturbance observer strategy, this article aims to investigate the disturbance rejection and stabilization problems for periodic piecewise time-varying systems that are subject to time-varying delays, parameter uncertainties, nonlinear perturbations and exogenous disturbances. To be more specific, the periodic piecewise time-varying systems are built by segmenting the fundamental period of periodic systems into a limited number of subintervals. Further, the disturbances engendered from an exogenous system are estimated by deploying the disturbance observer and subsequently, on the premise of disturbance that is esimated, a robust controller protocol is constructed for the considered system. Moreover, by bridging the time-varying periodic piecewise Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional with a matrix polynomial lemma, a set of adequate criteria is framed, which confirms the asymptotic stability of the system that is being addressed. Subsequently, on the premise of established criteria, the design of periodic piecewise gain matrices of devised controller and configured observer are presented. Eventually, the importance and potential of the presented theoretical concepts are evidenced through offering a numerical illustration with the simulation results.
On the Kneser–Tits problem for triality forms

The purpose of this paper is to provide a concrete description of the �Whitehead group�� W(k,G) := G(k)/G(k)+ for the simply connected triality forms G of k-rank 1, and to use this description to prove that if k is a global field, then the Kneser�Tits problem for these forms has an affirmative solution.
Transverse ageostrophic circulations associated with elevated mixed layers

Abstract An elevated mixed layer is a principal component of the conceptual model recently proposed by Carlson and others to explain the evolution of a severe storm environment over the Southern Plains of the United States during springtime. Elevated mixed layers are most likely to be found downwind of strongly heated arid land areas (often plateaus), which favor the growth of a deep mixing layer with high potential temperature. The lower and lateral boundaries of elevated mixed layers are distinctly defined respectively by a statically stable layer, referred to as a lid inversion, and a midlevel front. These boundaries mark the zonesof transition between the airstream defining the elevated mixed layer and other airstreams of differing geographical origin and, consequently, thermodynamic properties. In this study, the Sawyer-Eliassen secondary circulation equation is used to diagnose the transverse ageostrophic circulations that are associated with the dynamical forcing implied by the above conceptual mod.
How Uncertainty in Natural Mortality and Steepness May Affect Perception of Stock Status and Fishery Sustainability in Atlantic Surfclam: A Simulation Analysis

ABSTRACT The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) is an important commercial fishery resource on the U.S. MidAtlantic continental shelf. Although the 2016 stock assessment found that surfclams are neither overfished nor is overfishing occurring, uncertainty in the scale of spawning stock biomass persists. As a consequence of this uncertainty, the MidAtlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC) lowered the acceptable biological catch in 2016. A simulation analysis was developed for Atlantic surfclam to estimate the overfishing risk associated with the catch recommendation and its adherence to the MAFMC risk policy. Operating models conditioned on the 2016 stock assessment model structure generated simulations of the surfclam population, with alternative models to represent uncertainty in steepness (h) of the stock-recruitment curve and natural mortality (M). Simulations were forecasted under a variety of management procedures and evaluated with estimation models that spanned uncertainty in h and M. Results showed that current management decisions are more conservative than the stated risk-tolerance policies, though overestimating steepness in assessment models could lead to the misrepresentation of an overfished stock as within management thresholds. Further analysis evaluated future economic viability of the fishery by estimating proportion of fishable clam patches given forecasted biomass and historical observations of clam density. The proportion of fishable patches able to support fishery economic sustainability was generally stable despite biological uncertainties, though declined with increasing fishing pressure. This work contributes to the efforts to evaluate environmentally and economically sustainable fishery management strategies.
High-impact chronic pain: evaluation of risk factors and predictors

Background The concept of high-impact chronic pain (HICP) has been proposed for patients with chronic pain who have significant limitations in work, social life, and personal care. Recognition of HICP and being able to distinguish patients with HICP from other chronic pain patients who do not have life interference allows the necessary measures to be taken in order to restore the physical and emotional functioning of the affected persons. The aim was to reveal the risk factors and predictors associated with HICP. Methods Patients with chronic pain without life interference (grade 1 and 2) and patients with HICP were compared. Significant data were evaluated with regression analysis to reveal the associated risk factors. Receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate predictors and present cutoff scores. Results One thousand and six patients completed the study. From pain related cognitive processes, fear of pain (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.98; P = 0.007) and helplessness (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12; P = 0.018) were found to be risk factors associated with HICP. Predictors of HICP were evaluated by ROC analysis. The highest discrimination value was found for pain intensity (cut-off score > 6.5; 83.8% sensitive; 68.7% specific; area under the curve = 0.823; P < 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study in our geography to evaluate HICP with measurement tools that evaluate all dimensions of pain. Moreover, it is the first study in the literature to evaluate predictors and cut-off scores using ROC analysis for HICP.
Análisis de Reacciones Alérgicas al Alginato Compuesto por Mentol

Los estudiantes y profesionales en odontología se encuentran expuestos a múltiples materiales dentales tanto durante su formación académica como en el desarrollo de su vida profesional, algunos de estos materiales son desencadenantes de reacciones alergias o de sensibilidad, que pueden afectar su buen desempeño. El odontólogo debe reconocer los signos y síntomas asociados a las reacciones alérgicas, identificar el causante y evitar la exposición del paciente o del personal dental. La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar las reacciones alérgicas ocasionadas por alginatos compuestos por mentol. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, de nivel descriptivo, de corte transversal, y presenta un diseño no experimental, basado en revisiones bibliográficas. El mentol en la composición aromática que está presente en algunos alginatos de uso odontológico como material dental de impresión, para dar una sensación agradable al paciente sin embargo también existen reacciones alérgicas reportadas en las bibliografías referente a este componente y que ameritan un estudio más específico de campo. Con base a lo analizado se concluye que existen reacciones de hipersensibilidad y/o alérgicas al alginato compuesto por Mentol, resaltando este último como el causante de ello.
Recycling Carbon Fiber from Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer and Its Reuse in Photocatalysis: A Review

Driven by various environmental and economic factors, it is emerging to adopt an efficient and sustainable strategy to recycle carbon fibers (rCFs) from carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) wastes and reuse them in high-value applications. This review summarized the latest progress of CFRP waste recycling methods (including mechanical, chemical, and thermal methods), discussed their advantages and disadvantages, influence parameters and possible environmental effects, and their potential effects on the mechanical and surface chemical properties of rCFs. In addition, the latest optimization schemes of leading recycling technologies were detailed. According to the literature, CFs are the key points in the structural support of semiconductor-based recyclable photocatalytic systems and the enhancement of performance, which means that rCFs have high reuse potential in sustainable photocatalysis. Therefore, this paper also emphasized the possibility and potential value of reusing recovered fibers for developing recyclable photocatalytic products, which may be a new way of reuse in environmental purification often ignored by researchers and decision-makers in the field of CFs.
On the decay rate of the bright soliton for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In this paper, we investigate the decay rate of the bright soliton for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation (PNLSE). By employing the variational method, a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which describe approximately the evolution of the bright soliton in the presence of fiber loss are obtained. From the numerical simulations and theoretical analysis, we can conclude that the decay rate of the bright soliton is not a constant as it propagates in the fiber.
Influence of the Indian summer monsoon on ENSO

Historical records (approximately 100 years) of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices show a strong negative correlation. This negative correlation is strongest for east Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) that occur during the months of December through to March, which is about three to six months immediately following the monsoon season (June to September). Based on this correlation, one is tempted to speculate that monsoon variability affects ENSO variability. However, it is well known that ENSO is phase locked to the annual cycle in that the largest SSTA occur at the end of the calendar year. In other words, an ENSO which originated well before the summer monsoon season will have its peak amplitude at the end of the calendar year. The purpose of this study is to explain the impact of the monsoon which has a strong seasonal preference on ENSO which has a life cycle of about 4 years.
Recent Advances in Aptasensing Strategies for Monitoring Phycotoxins: Promising for Food Safety

Phycotoxins or marine toxins cause massive harm to humans, livestock, and pets. Current strategies based on ordinary methods are long time-wise and require expert operators, and are not reliable for on-site and real-time use. Therefore, it is urgent to exploit new detection methods for marine toxins with high sensitivity and specificity, low detection limits, convenience, and high efficiency. Conversely, biosensors can distinguish poisons with less response time and higher selectivity than the common strategies. Aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) are potent for environmental monitoring, especially for on-site and real-time determination of marine toxins and freshwater microorganisms, and with a degree of superiority over other biosensors, making them worth considering. This article reviews the designed aptasensors based on the different strategies for detecting the various phycotoxins.
Parameter Identification of PMSM Based on Windowed Least Square Algorithm

In this paper, two least square algorithms, Recursive Least Square (RLS) and Windowed Least Square (WLS) are applied to identify the parameters varying with temperature of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). In order to compare the identification effects of the two algorithms, a PMSM model is built and simulated in MATLAB. And simulation results demonstrate that WLS guarantees better timeliness and rapidity.
Adapting the standard forms of contract to minimize the contractual effects of COVID-19 on construction projects

The construction industry is a major economic driver in Sri Lanka. However, the construction industry was significantly affected by the responses made by the Sri Lankan government to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The effects of those government responses on construction projects are diverse as time, cost, and qualityrelated impacts. These effects resulted in numerous contractual effects that were mostly to be dealt with reference to the provisions made in the standard forms of contracts such as ICTAD/SBD/02 and FIDIC 1999 in Sri Lanka. Since no similar pandemic has affected Sri Lanka at this magnitude before, neither ICTAD/SBD/02 nor FIDIC 1999 have been drafted giving due consideration to such exceptional circumstances. Furthermore, no studies that researched these kinds of aspects can be found in the existing literature. Hence, this research aims to explore the effects of the responses made by the Sri Lankan government to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic on the construction industry and the possible adaptations of standard forms of contracts to address the contractual implications of those effects to mitigate the effects on the contractual parties in both building and civil engineering projects. A desk review was carried out to identify the existing provisions of ICTAD/SBD/02 and FIDIC 1999 to overcome the effects of pandemic situations, and three case studies, including two building projects and one civil engineering project, were used for the empirical data collection. Representing contractors, consultants, and employers, twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted within the three case studies. The research findings reveal that a collaborative approach with cost and time-sharing is the best approach to address the effects of a pandemic situation. Furthermore, defining terminologies, developing transparency in contractual relationships, and establishing an equal assessment basis can all aid in the contractual development of the ICTAD/SBD/02. As a result, the study suggests improving documentation practices, developing guidelines for amicable settlement, and eliminating the adversarial effects of ICTAD/SBD/02 through an equal assessment process. Thus, this research contributes to the further development of ICTAD/SBD/02 while also improving Sri Lankan building and civil engineering projects by reducing contractual issues in future pandemics.
Inequalities for Wavelet Frames

One of the fundamental problems in the study of wavelet frames is to find conditions on the wavelet function and the dilation and translation parameters so that the corresponding wavelet system forms a frame. In this article, we obtain some inequalities for a discrete wavelet system to be a frame. Our result improves known ones by Chui, Shi, and Chen.
Extendable Bidirectional DC–DC Converter With Improved Voltage Transfer Ratio and Reduced Switch Count

Bidirectional dc–dc converter (BDC) plays an important role in battery-based applications. This article presents an extendable BDC using 8+5<italic>n</italic> components, including 3+<italic>n</italic> <sc>mosfet</sc>s, where <italic>n</italic> is the number of stages. The detailed analysis of single stage of the proposed converter is discussed. The voltage transfer ratio (VTR) of the converter during the step-up and step-down modes is derived. The effect of parasitic elements on the VTR and the efficiency is discussed. The state-space model is derived, and the open-loop transfer functions, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\hat{\bm{v}}}}_{\bm{H}}/{{\hat{\bm{d}}}}_{\bm{H}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\bm{\ }}\ {{\hat{\bm{v}}}}_{\bm{L}}/{{\hat{\bm{d}}}}_{\bm{L}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> for both modes are obtained. These transfer functions are validated using circuit-level simulation. The operating modes of the converter are validated using a 300 W, 650 V, and 50 kHz prototype, and the experimental results are presented. Using the derived transfer functions, the PI controllers are designed using Ziegler–Nichols method for step-up and step-down modes. Using the Xilinx system generator, the designed controllers are implemented, and the experimental closed-loop results are presented. The performance comparison shows that the VTR of the single-stage converter using four <sc>mosfet</sc>s is significantly improved compared to the other converters which achieve the quadratic VTR. Each extended stage requires a single <sc>mosfet</sc> along with four passive components.
Circumstellar material around the massive close binary DH Cephei

The expanding atmosphere of the massive close binary DH Cephei is analyzed on the basis of data from ground-based polarimetry and spaceborne UV observations obtained with the IUE satellite. The mass loss from the system is estimated to be about 2 x 10 to the -6th solar mass/yr. This material can be divided into three classes: (1) wind material, which is hot gas driven from the stars via radiation pressure and reaching terminal velocity at a distance of 5a or greater; (2) scattering material, which may be the result of colliding winds or instabilities in the wind flow; and (3) small (0.1 micron) dust grains. The latter may originate in the cold high-density boundary formed as the wind from the binary plows into the ambient interstellar medium or, alternatively, may be the residue of the formation of stellar components. 52 refs.
Hubungan Umur, Jenis Kelamin, dan Pendidikan Formal dengan Klaster Gejala pada Pasien Kanker Kepala dan Leher: Penelitian Observasional

Persamaan gejala umum dialami oleh pasien kanker, namun prevalensi dan tingkat keparahannya dapat berbeda. Prevalensi dan tingkat keparahan gejala dalam klaster mempengaruhi semakin baik atau memperburuk keseluruhan pengalaman tanda dan gejalanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan umur, jenis kelamin, dan pendidikan formal terhadap klasterisasi gejala pada pasien kanker kepala dan leher. Metode studi ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan kriteria inklusi didiagnosis kanker kepala dan leher tanpa metastasis ke otak, rentan umur 18-70 tahun, mampu kooperatif dan baik dalam berkomunikasi, dan sampling menggunakan metode consecutive sampling pada 111 pasien yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Analisis data statistik menggunakan metode Spearman Rho. Hasil studi memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dari variabel jenis kelamin terhadap klaster gejala gastrointestinal dengan signifikansi p<0,05. Umur dan pendidikan formal tidak berhubungan dengan klasterisasi gejala kanker kepala dan leher. Sedangkan tingkat keparahan dari gejala yang dialami berbeda berdasarkan jenis kelami, perempuan lebih mengalami keparahan dibandingkan laki-laki. Identifikasi yang baik tentang umur, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan dapat membantu perawatan gejala kanker kepala dan leher yang lebih baik.
A Study of Thunderstorm Microphysics with Multiparameter Radar and Aircraft Observations

Abstract Excellent agreement was found between multiparameter radar signatures of hail, raindrops, and mixed-phase precipitation and in situ precipitation particle measurements made by aircraft in a northeastern Colorado hail-storm. Radar reflectivity estimates determined by remote measurement and from observed particle distributions generally agreed within 5 dB. Maximum values of differential reflectivity (ZDR) and the fractional contribution of liquid water to total reflectivity (frain) differed by less than 0.8 dB and a factor of 2, respectively. A positive ZDR column, which extended more than 2 km above the freezing level, was nearly coincident with the storm updraft. The column contained mixed-phase precipitation, but the ZDR measurement was dominated by a small number of very large raindrops (some exceeding 5 mm in diameter). Trajectories computed with a precipitation growth model suggest that many drops originated with partially or totally melted particles from a quasi-stationary feeder band within.
Determinants of Technostress: A Systematic Literature Review

Technostress as an academic domain has evolved significantly since year 1984. Based on the systematic literature review (SLR), eight determinants of technostress were identified which were classified into individual and organizational categories. Individual determinants were further divided into demographic, psychographic and cognitive categories. Outcome of the SLR was the development of a comprehensive framework of technostress. This study can facilitate the top management and the HR managers of organizations to adopt appropriate change management interventions while implementing and augmenting new technologies.
Adaptive force control of robot manipulators

An adaptive controller that achieves a pure tracking force objective for n-link robot manipulators is presented in this paper. The main features of the proposed algorithm are: (i) the dynamic parameters of the robot are assumed to be unknown, (ii) object stiffness is unknown, (iii) only position, velocity and interaction force measurements are required. Under the practical assumption of a constant inertia matrix, the scheme is shown to be globally convergent to zero-force tracking error. This assumption can be removed for single link devices, thus providing the first proof of the global convergence of an adaptive force controller that includes estimation of both manipulator and environment dynamics