Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Bone Histomorphometry in Rat and Guinea Pig Animal Models Subject to Hypoxia

Hypoxia may be associated with alterations in bone remodeling, but the published results are contradictory. The aim of this study was to characterize the bone morphometry changes subject to hypoxia for a better understanding of the bone response to hypoxia and its possible clinical consequences on the bone metabolism. This study analyzed the bone morphometry parameters by micro-computed tomography (μCT) in rat and guinea pig normobaric hypoxia models. Adult male and female Wistar rats were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 7 and 15 days. Additionally, adult male guinea pigs were exposed to chronic hypoxia for 15 days. The results showed that rats exposed to chronic constant and intermittent hypoxic conditions had a worse trabecular and cortical bone health than control rats (under a normoxic condition). Rats under chronic constant hypoxia were associated with a more deteriorated cortical tibia thickness, trabecular femur and tibia bone volume over the total volume (BV/TV), tibia trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular femur and tibia bone mineral density (BMD). In the case of chronic intermittent hypoxia, rats subjected to intermittent hypoxia had a lower cortical femur tissue mineral density (TMD), lower trabecular tibia BV/TV, and lower trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) of the tibia and lower tibia Tb.N. The results also showed that obese rats under a hypoxic condition had worse values for the femur and tibia BV/TV, tibia trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), femur and tibia Tb.N, and BMD for the femur and tibia than normoweight rats under a hypoxic condition. In conclusion, hypoxia and obesity may modify bone remodeling, and thus bone microarchitecture, and they might lead to reductions in the bone strength and therefore increase the risk of fragility fracture.
Approximating vibronic spectroscopy with imperfect quantum optics

We study the impact of experimental imperfections on a recently proposed protocol for performing quantum simulations of vibronic spectroscopy. Specifically, we propose a method for quantifying the impact of these imperfections, optimizing an experiment to account for them, and benchmarking the results against a classical simulation method. We illustrate our findings using a proof of principle experimental simulation of part of the vibronic spectrum of tropolone. Our findings will inform the design of future experiments aiming to simulate the spectra of large molecules beyond the reach of current classical computers.
The star formation environment of the FU Ori type star V582 Aur

We have studied the environment of the FU Ori type star V582 Aur. Our aim is to explore the star-forming region associated with this young eruptive star. Using slitless spectroscopy we searched for H alpha emission stars within a field of 11.5arcmin \times 11.5arcmin, centred on V582 Aur. Based on UKIDSS and Spitzer Space Telescope data we further selected infrared-excess young stellar object candidates. In all, we identified 68 candidate low-mass young stars, 16 of which exhibited H alpha emission in the slitless spectroscopic images. The colour-magnitude diagram of the selected objects, based on IPHAS data, suggests that they are low-mass pre-main-sequence stars associated with the Aur OB 1 association, located at a distance of 1.3 kpc from the Sun. The bright-rimmed globules in the local environment of V582 Aur probably belong to the dark cloud LDN~1516. Our results suggest that star formation in these globules might have been triggered by the radiation field of a few hot members of Aur OB 1. The bolometric luminosity of V582 Aur, based on archival photometric data and on the adopted distance, is 150-320 Lsun.
Modelo híbrido de método kernel para computadores quânticos

Reconhecendo que a área de aprendizado de máquina quântica é um caminho promissor para oferecer uma revolução nos métodos inteligentes de processamento de dados, propõe-se um método de aprendizado híbrido baseado nos métodos de kernel clássicos. Esta proposta também exige que um algoritmo quântico seja desenvolvido para o cálculo de produto interno entre vetores sobre valores contínuos. Para isso ser possível, foi preciso realizar adaptações no método kernel clássico, visto que é necessário considerar as limitações impostas pelo espaço de Hilbert do processador quântico. Como um caso de teste, foi verificada a capacidade do algoritmo de aprender a classificar se novos pontos gerados aleatoriamente, em um quadrado finito localizado sob um plano, se encontravam dentro ou fora de um círculo localizado no interior deste quadrado. Verificou-se que o algoritmo foi capaz de detectar corretamente novos pontos em 99% dos casos testados, com uma pequena diferença devido a considerar o raio levemente maior do que o idealizado. O método kernel se mostrou capaz de realizar classificações corretamente, assim como o algoritmo do produto interno efetuou satisfatoriamente os cálculos de produto interno utilizando recursos quânticos. Assim, o presente trabalho representa uma contribuição para a área propondo um novo modelo de aprendizado de máquina acessível tanto a físicos quanto a cientistas da computação.
Youla-Kucera parameter in explicit control laws

The paper deals with the predictive control for linear syste ms, described by piecewise affine (PWA) control laws formulations. The main goal is to reduce t h sensitivity of these schemes with respect to the model uncertainties. This objective can be at tained by considering worst-case (min-max) formulations, optimization over the control policies or tu be predictive control. These comprehensive approaches may lead to fastidious on-line optimization thu s reducing the range of application. In the present paper, a two stage predictive strategy is proposed, which synthesizes in the first place an analytical (continuous and piecewise linear) control law b ased on the nominal model and secondly robustifies the control law in the neighborhood of the equili brium point using the Youla-Kǔ cera parameter (the feedback gain obtained for the unconstraine d control problem most often assimilated to the LQR gain). This robustification is globally expanded to a ll the state space of the piecewise structure by means of its corresponding disturbance model.
Dynamics of quantum causal structures

It was recently suggested that causal structures are both dynamical, because of general relativity, and indefinite, due to quantum theory. The process matrix formalism furnishes a framework for quantum mechanics on indefinite causal structures, where the order between operations of local laboratories is not definite (e.g. one cannot say whether operation in laboratory A occurs before or after operation in laboratory B). Here we develop a framework for "dynamics of causal structures", i.e. for transformations of process matrices into process matrices. We show that, under continuous and reversible transformations, the causal order between operations is always preserved. However, the causal order between a subset of operations can be changed under continuous yet nonreversible transformations. An explicit example is that of the quantum switch, where a party in the past affects the causal order of operations of future parties, leading to a transition from a channel from A to B, via superposition of causal orders, to a channel from B to A. We generalise our framework to construct a hierarchy of quantum maps based on transformations of process matrices and transformations thereof.
Null surfaces formulation in 3D

The Null Surface Formulation of General Relativity is developed for 2+1 dimensional gravity. The geometrical meaning of the metricity condition is analyzed and two approaches to the derivation of the field equations are presented. One method makes explicit use of the conformal factor while the other only uses conformal information. The resulting set of equations contain the same geometrical meaning as the 4-D formulation without the technical complexities of the higher dimensional analog. A canonical family of null surfaces in this formulation, the light cone cuts of null infinity, are constructed on asymptotically flat space times and some of their kinematical aspects discussed. A particular example, which nevertheless contains most of the generic features is explicitly constructed and analyzed, revealing the behavior predicted in the full theory.
On the formal verification of group key security protocols

The correctness of group key security protocols in communication systems remains a great challenge because of dynamic characteristics of group key construction as we deal with an open number of group members. Therefore, verification approaches for two parties protocols cannot be applied on group key protocols. Security properties that are well defined in normal two-party protocols have different meanings and different interpretations in group key distribution protocols, and so they require a more precise definition before we look at how to verify them. An example of such properties is secrecy, which has more complex variations in group key context: forward secrecy, backward secrecy, and key independence. In this thesis, we present a combination of three different theorem-proving methods to verify security properties for group-oriented protocols. We target regular group secrecy, forward secrecy, backward secrecy, and collusion properties for group key protocols. In the first method, rank theorems for forward properties are established based on a set of generic formal specification requirements for group key management and distribution protocols. Rank theorems imply the validity of the security property to be proved, and are deducted from a set of rank functions we define over the protocol. Rank theorems can only reason about absence of attacks in group key protocols. In the second method, a sound and complete inference system is provided to detect attacks in group key management protocols. The inference system provides an elegant and natural proof strategy for such protocols compared to existing approaches. It complements rank theorems by providing a method to reason about the existence of attacks in group key protocols. However, these two methods are based on interactive higher-order logic theorem proving, and therefore require expensive user interactions. Therefore, in the third method, an automation sense is added to the above techniques by using an event-B first-order theorem proving system to provide invariant checking for group key secrecy property and forward secrecy property. This is not a straightforward task, and should be based on a correct semantical link between group key protocols and event-B models. However, in this method, the number of protocol participants that can be considered is limited, it is also applicable on a single protocol event. Finally, it cannot model backward secrecy and key independence. We applied each of the developed methods on a different group protocol from the literature illustrating the features of each approach.
Heegaard Splittings and Seiberg-Witten monopoles

This is an expansion on my talk at the Geometry and Topology conference at McMaster University, May 2004. We outline a program to relate the Heegaard Floer homologies of Ozsvath-Szabo, and Seiberg-Witten-Floer homologies as defined by Kronheimer-Mrowka. The center-piece of this program is the construction of an intermediate version of Floer theory, which exhibits characteristics of both theories.
Disunification: A Survey.

Solving an equation in an algebra of terms is known as uniication. Solving more complex formulas combining equations and involving in particular negation is called disuniication. With such a broad deenition, many works fall into the scope of disuniication. The goal of this paper is to survey these works and bring them together in a same framework.
The Molecular, Morphological and Genetic Characterization of Glyphosate Resistance in Conyza bonariensis from South Africa

Six Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist populations were screened in a pot experiment at the University of Pretoria’s Hatfield experimental farm to evaluate and confirm the degree of glyphosate response. Resistance factors ranged from 2.7- to 24.8-fold compared to the most susceptible biotype. Partial sequencing of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene found no mutation at the Thr102, Ala103 or Pro106 positions. EPSPS mRNA expression levels in glyphosate-resistant biotypes (Swellendam and Piketberg seed sampling sites) were comparable or lower than those in susceptible biotypes (George and Fauresmith sites). Additionally, the highest expression level was reported in the susceptible Fauresmith biotype. These results indicate that glyphosate resistance in the tested resistant biotypes is not caused by target-site mutations and EPSPS gene amplification. Leaf surface characteristics can influence the spread and subsequent absorption of glyphosate. The study established non-significant results in the amount of leaf wax and insufficient mean separations in cuticle thickness and trichome density data. Therefore, the observed differences in response of biotypes to glyphosate treatment could not be attributed conclusively to differences in the leaf morphological characteristics investigated. Results from the inheritance study were consistent with glyphosate resistance being inherited in an incompletely dominant manner when plants were treated with glyphosate herbicide at 900 g ae ha−1.
Nernst effect beyond the coherence critical field of a nanoscale granular superconductor

We report measurements of the Nernst effect and of the magneto-resistance of granular aluminum films near the metal to insulator transition. These films show sharp transitions as a function of temperature and magnetic field. At low temperatures the Nernst signal displays a sharp peak at a field where more than 90% of the normal state resistance has been restored, suggesting a transition involving entropy transport after superconducting coherence has been destroyed. At temperatures higher than the critical temperature the fluctuation paraconductivity scales with the Nernst signal, in agreement with a description in terms of fluctuations of the order parameter.
Giant Planets at Small Orbital Distances

Using Doppler spectroscopy to detect the reflex motion of the nearby star, 51 Pegasi, Mayor & Queloz (1995) claim to have discovered a giant planet in a 0.05 AU, 4.23 day orbit. They estimate its mass to be in the range 0.5-2 Jupiter masses, but are not able to determine its nature or origin. Including the effects of the severe stellar insolation implied, we extend the theory of giant planets we have recently developed to encompass those at very small orbital distances. Our calculations can be used to help formulate search strategies for luminous planets in tight orbits around other nearby stars. We calculate the radii and luminosities of such giant planets for a variety of compositions (H/He, He, H2O, and olivine), the evolutionary tracks for solar-composition gas giants, and the geometry of the Hayashi forbidden zone in the gas-giant mass regime. We show that such planets are stable and estimate the magnitude of classical Jeans evaporation and of photodissociation and loss due to EUV radiation. In addition, we demonstrate that for the mass range quoted, such planets are well within their Roche lobes. We show that the strong composition dependence of the model radii and the distinctive spectral signatures provide clear diagnostics that might reveal 51 Peg B's nature, should interferometric or adaptive-optics techniques ever succeed in photometrically separating planet from star.
Breast Cancer Risk Prediction with Stochastic Gradient Boosting

Breast cancer, which is an important public health problem worldwide, is one of the deadliest cancers in women. This study aims to classify open-access breast cancer data and identify important risk factors with the Stochastic Gradient Boosting Method. The open-access breast cancer dataset was used to construct a classification model in the study. Stochastic Gradient Boosting was used to classify the disease. Balanced accuracy, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values were evaluated for model performance. The accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score metrics obtained with the Stochastic Gradient Boosting model were 100 %, 100 %, 100 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 100 %, and 100 % respectively. In addition, the importance of the variables obtained, the most important risk factors for breast cancer were a cave. points_mean, area_worst, and perimeter_worst, concave. points_worst respectively. According to the study results, with the machine-learning model Stochastic Gradient Boosting used, patients with and without breast cancer were classified with high accuracy, and the importance of the variables related to cancer status was determined. Factors with high variable importance can be considered potential risk factors associated with cancer status and can play an essential role in disease diagnosis.
Observational evidence for constant gas accretion rate since z = 5

Star formation rate density (SFRD) has not been constant throughout the history of the Universe. The rate at which stars form greatly affects the evolution of the Universe, but the factors which drive SFRD evolution remain uncertain. There must be sufficient amount of gas to fuel the star formation, either as a reservoir within a galaxy, or as inflow from the intergalactic medium (IGM). This work explores how the gas accretion rate onto galaxies over time has affected star formation rate. We propose a novel method of measuring cosmic gas accretion rate. This involves comparing the comoving densities of available Hi and H2 gas and the densities of existing stars at different redshifts. We constrained gas accretion until z = 5, and we found that the gas accretion rate density (GARD) is relatively constant in the range from z = 5 to z = 0. This constancy in the GARD is not reflected by the SFRD, which declines significantly between z = 1.0 and z = 0. This work suggests that the decline is not due to a reduction in GARD.
Local Lorentz Force Velocimetry for liquid metal duct flows

﻿Metallschmelzen sind heis, chemisch aggressiv und undurchsichtig, und damit fur konventionelle Stromungsmessgerate unzuganglich. Die neu entwickelte Lorentzkraft-Anemometrie (LKA oder LFV) umgeht diese Probleme, da sie die beruhrungslose Messung von Stromungsgeschwindigkeiten in elektrisch leitfahigen Flussigkeiten mit Hilfe von Magnetfeldern erlaubt. Dabei ist die Wechselwirkung zwischen dem eingesetzten Permanentmagneten und der leitfahigen, bewegten Flussigkeit ein Mas fur die Geschwindigkeit der Metallschmelze. Die Standard-LKA wurde bereits ausgiebig untersucht und wird fur den industriellen Alltag entwickelt. Bisher beschrankte sich die LKA auf Volumenstrommessungen; Storungen des Geschwindigkeitfeldes, wie sie nach Knicken im Stromungskanal oder durch Ablagerungen an der Kanalwand entstehen, konnten bislang nicht aufgelost werden. Diese Lucke wird mit der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlossen und die Standard-LKA um die Moglichkeit der lokal aufgelosten Geschwindigkeitsmessung erweitert. Insbesondere wird belegt, dass lokale Messungen mit der LKA trotz der prinzipiell unendlichen Ausdehnung des Magnetfeldes moglich sind.Zu diesem Zweck werden verschiedene Experimente durchgefuhrt. In allen wird ein Lorentzkraft-Anenometer (LFF) mit einem Permanentmagneten ausgestattet, der deutlich kleiner ist als die typischen Langenskalen der zu untersuchenden Stromung. Das Arbeitsmedium ist die bei Raumtemperatur flussige Legierung GaInSn.Mit einem Vorexperiment wird gezeigt, dass die winzigen erzeugten Krafte tatsachlich aufgelost werden konnen. Die Erkenntnisse aus dem vorlaufigen Aufbau flossen in den Aufbau des Hauptexperiments, das aus einem Kanal mit quadratischem Querschnitt und einem interferenzoptischen Kraftmesssystem besteht. Die erhaltenen Kraftprofile dienen der Validierung von zukunftigen numerischen Simulationen. Wichtiger ist jedoch die Charakterisierung der Anwendungsbereiche des lokalen LFF mit Hilfe bestimmter Modifikationen des Stromungsprofils: (1) Laminare Stromungen konnen von turbulenten Stromungen unterschieden werden. (2) Das Maximum der mittleren Stromung kann lokalisiert werden. (3) Zwei benachbarte Strahlen konnen trotz des prinzipiell unendlichen Magnetfelds voneinander unterschieden werden. (4) Die zeitliche Auflosung ist ausreichend um Bereiche besonders hoher Turbulenz und Wirbelablosung zu identifizierern.
Gynae-Oncology Surgeons’ Preparedness to Undertake Colorectal Procedures during Cytoreductive Surgery for Ovarian Cancer: A Cross Sectional Survey

Cytoreductive surgery for advanced ovarian cancer commonly involves bowel resection. Although UK gynaecological oncologists are trained in bowel surgery, the degree to which they perform bowel surgery independently varies nationally. A recent joint policy statement from the British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) emphasises the need for formalised colorectal support. An anonymous, online survey was emailed to BGCS members to assess the status of multidisciplinary working between UK gynaecological oncology and colorectal/general surgical teams. A total of 46 members responded (8.2% response rate). There was a large variety in the involvement of colorectal/general surgical teams in preoperative planning. A total of 13% of respondents had no formalised agreement for intraoperative support, 72.1% of respondents independently performed rectal peritoneal stripping and 60.5% independently performed small bowel resection. This was reduced to 27.9% for right hemicolectomy with primary anastomosis and 16.3% for left hemicolectomy with primary anastomosis. Respondents often involved colorectal support for post-operative complications. The majority of UK gynaecological oncologists involve colorectal/general surgical teams in bowel procedures, more commonly for large bowel procedures compared to small bowel and for left colon compared to right colon procedures. A total of 16.3% of respondents independently performed all surveyed bowel procedures. Future research should examine training and experience within these groups to address this disparity.
KiDS-450: cosmological constraints from weak lensing peak statistics - I. Inference from analytical prediction of high signal-to-noise ratio convergence peaks

This paper is the first of a series of papers constraining cosmological parameters with weak lensing peak statistics using similar to 450 deg(2) of imaging data from the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS-450). We measure high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR: nu) weak lensing convergence peaks in the range of 3 < nu < 5, and employ theoretical models to derive expected values. These models are validated using a suite of simulations. We take into account two major systematic effects, the boost factor and the effect of baryons on the mass-concentration relation of dark matter haloes. In addition, we investigate the impacts of other potential astrophysical systematics including the projection effects of large-scale structures, intrinsic galaxy alignments, as well as residual measurement uncertainties in the shear and redshift calibration. Assuming a flat Lambda cold dark matter model, we find constraints for S-8 = sigma(8)(Omega(m)/0.3)(0.5) = 0.746(-0.107)(+0.046) according to the degeneracy direction of the cosmic shear analysis and Sigma(8) = s8(Omega(m)/0.3) 0.38 = 0.696(-0.050)(+0.048) based on the derived degeneracy direction of our high-SNR peak statistics. The difference between the power index of S-8 and in Sigma(8) indicates that combining cosmic shear with peak statistics has the potential to break the degeneracy in sigma(8) and Omega(m). Our results are consistent with the cosmic shear tomographic correlation analysis of the same data set and similar to 2s lower than the Planck 2016 results.