Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE LONG-RUN EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY ON DEPRESSION, BELIEFS, AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES

We revisit two clinical trials that randomized depressed adults in India (n=775) to a brief course of psychotherapy or a control condition. Four to five years later, the treatment group was 11 percentage points less likely to be depressed than the control group. The more effective intervention averted 9 months of depression on average over five years and cost only $66 per recipient. Therapy changed people’s beliefs about themselves in three ways. First, it reduced their likelihood of seeing themselves as a failure or feeling bad about themselves. Second, when faced with a novel work opportunity, therapy reduced over-optimistic belief updating in response to feedback and thus reduced overconfidence. Third, it increased self-assessed levels of patience and altruism. Therapy did not increase levels of employment or consumption, possibly because of other constraints on employment in the largely female study sample. Bhargav Bhat Sangath Porvorim, Goa India 403501 Jonathan de Quidt Institute for International Economic Studies Stockholm University 106 91 Stockholm Sweden jonathan.dequidt@iies.su. se Johannes Haushofer Department of Economics Stockholm University Universitetsvägen 10 A Stockholm 106 91 Sweden and Busara Center for Behavioral Economics, Nairobi, Kenya and also NBER johannes.haushofer@ne.su. se Vikram H. Patel The Pershing Square Professor of Global Health Department of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical School vikram_patel@hms.harvard. edu Gautam Rao Department of Economics Harvard University Littauer M-30 Cambridge, MA 02138 and NBER grao@fas.harvard. edu Frank Schilbach MIT Department of Economics, E52-560 The Morris and Sophie Chang Building 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139 and NBER fschilb@mit.edu Pierre-Luc P. Vautrey MIT Department of EconomicsBuilding E52-300 50 Memorial Drive Cambridge, MA 02142 vautrey@mit.edu
ABNORMAL SOUND DETECTION SYSTEM BASED ON AUTOENCODER Technical Report

This report describes our submissions with an autoencoder (AE) to solve the DCASE 2020 challenge task 2 (unsupervised detection of anomalous sounds for machine condition monitoring). Previous research results show that AE is a very effective solu-tion to abnormal sound detection (ASD). This design continues previous research, using AE to implement unsupervised ASD. To decrease the false positive rate (FPR), the AE is trained to minimize the reconstruction error of normal sound. In addition, the design uses variational autoencoder (VAE) to generate normal sound samples. The generated sound samples are used to enhance AE's ability to reconstruct normal sound samples.
WidgetExplorer: A Rapid Prototyping and Evaluation Platform to Design Chatbots for all User Groups

The design and evaluation of Conversational User Inter-faces (CUI) are a resource-intensive and complex process. To be as user-friendly and accessible to all users as possible, many different factors that can have an influence on such aspects must be considered when creating CUI applications (e.g., chatbots). Marginalized groups should be involved in the design process from the very beginning to make the application equally accessible to all people. We present WidgetExplorer, a tool for rapid prototyping and evaluating the design of CUIs. With WidgetExplorer, various aspects of conversation design, such as variants of visual elements of a CUI (i.e., widgets) or different wordings, can be sketched and tested in parallel and evaluated in any browser, lowering the technical barriers for both, stakeholders, and participants.
Weakly supervised semantic segmentation using constrained multi-image model and saliency prior

Building a graph model use the whole training set and solved by graph cut based algorithm is a common method in weak supervision semantic segmentation task, such as Multi-Image Model (MIM). It has two disadvantages: one is the parameter number of model increased rapidly with the scale growth of training set, which limited applied to large-scale data. Another is lack of use structure information in image internal. To solve above problems, we proposed a Constrained Multi-Image Model (CMIM) that training model with a part of the training data which acquired by our entropy based algorithm. It's made up of some components and each is a smaller graph. So, The CMIM can parallel or serial training and weaken the memory limit. To utilize the context information, we bring the saliency of image to unary potential in energy function. At first, we segment images to superpixels and extract the semantic texton forest (STF) feature. Then construct a conditional random fields (CRF) in the superpixel set from selected images. The data potential learned from STF featrue and saliency of superpixels. Finally, the labeling of superpixels converted to CRF optimization problem which can efficiency solved by alpha expansion algorithm. Experiments on the MSRC21 dataset show that the CMIM algorithm achieves accuracy comparable with some previous influential weakly-supervised segmentation algorithms.
Intrinsic Capacity and Active and Healthy Ageing domains supported by personalized digital coaching: an EU-Japan survey among geriatricians to map the future direction of e-health interventions designed for older adults.

Background: The worldwide ageing trend requires conceptually new prevention, care and innovative living solutions to support human-based care using smart technology and concerns the whole globe nowadays. Enabling access to active and healthy ageing through personalised digital coaching services like physical activity coaching, cognitive training, emotional wellbeing, social connection, etc., for older adults in real life could offer valuable advantages to both individuals and societies. A starting point might be the analysis of geriatricians’ perspectives on such technologies. The perspective of the experts in the sector may allow the individualization of areas of improvement of the clinical interventions, supporting the positive perspective pointed out by the framework of Intrinsic Capacity. Objective: The overall aim of this study is to explore the cross-national perspectives and experiences of geriatricians in the field of intrinsic capacity and how it can be supported by e-health interventions. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore geriatric care providers’ perspectives about technology based interventions to support the IC
In-vivo imaging of the morphology and blood perfusion of brain tumours in rats with UHR-OCT (Conference Presentation)

Brain tumors are characterized with morphological changes at cellular level such as enlarged, non-spherical nuclei, microcalcifications, cysts, etc., and are highly vascularized. In this study, two research-grade optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems operating at ~800 nm and ~1060 nm with axial resolution of 0.95 µm and 3.5 µm in biological tissue respectively, were used to image in vivo and ex vivo the structure of brain tumours in rats. Female Fischer 344 rats were used for this study, which has received ethics clearance by the Animal Research Ethics Committees of the University of Waterloo and the University Health Network, Toronto. Brain tumours were induced by injection of rat brain cancer cell line (RG2 glioma) through a small craniotomy. Presence of brain tumours was verified by MRI imaging on day 7 post tumour cells injection. The in vivo OCT imaging session was conducted on day 14 of the study with the 1060 nm OCT system and both morphological OCT, Doppler OCT and OMAG images were acquired from the brain tumour and the surrounding healthy brain tissue. After completion of the imaging procedure, the brains were harvested, fixed in formalin and reimaged after 2 weeks with the 800 nm OCT system. The in vivo and ex vivo OCT morphological images were correlated with H and E histology. Results from this study demonstrate that UHR-OCT can distinguish between healthy and cancerous brain tissue based on differences in structural and vascular pattern.
In Silico Development of 3-Dimensionel Retina Model and Monophasic Stimulation Environment

Degenerative retinal diseases could cause loss of vision completely. The progress in certain technological fields and multidisciplinary studies conducted with collaboration from different branches of science makes vision restoration possible with visual prosthesis. Visual prosthesis concept uses electrical stimulation of retinal tissue. Computational modeling of retina tissue in silico provides optimization of stimulation parameters and advantages in terms of both financial and time issues. In this study, 3 dimensional retina is modelled and the effects of monophasic electrical stimulation is investigated under stationary conditions. The solution is made using Finite Element Method (FEM). It is concluded that electric field distribution is much more near stimulation electrode than periphery retina. With the needed improvements in the model, it could be used efficiently for time dependent and parameter based investigations.
Multi-layer Sparse Matrix Factorization

—The applicability of many signal processing and data analysis techniques is limited by their prohibitive computational complexity. The cost of such techniques is often dominated by the application of large linear operators. This short paper introduces an algorithm aimed at reducing the complexity of applying such operators by approximately fac-torizing the corresponding matrix into few sparse factors. The proposed approach, which relies on recent advances in non-convex optimization, is first exposed, and then demonstrated experimentally.
Optimizing the immobilization of biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in alginate beads

Context: Biosurfactants are amphipathic molecules that reduce surface tension. The major reasons to economically production of the biosurfactant are their health, safety, environmental management, and promising applications. Aims: To optimize the immobilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a biosurfactant producer in alginate beads. Methods: Biosurfactant production by P. aeruginosa was confirmed through the hemolysis test, emulsification index, and surface activity measurement. Calcium alginate encapsulation technique was used in order to entrap the P. aeruginosa cells. Full factorial design was employed to optimize bead preparation. Furthermore, the morphology and the stability of beads were evaluated. Results: It was proved that immobilized cells can be preserved the viability and biosurfactant production. Application of full factorial design indicated that the values of three parameters sodium alginate 3%, CaCl2 1% (w/v), and hardening time of 35 min, was found to be too stable for minimum surface tension and stable alginate gel beads. Conclusions: The alginate gel beads showed stability during the growing process and the immobilized cells efficiently were viable. Alginate source, hardening time, and the interaction between CaCl2 concentration and hardening time influenced on the bead preparation.
THE EFFECT OF GREEN ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURE, COMPANY SIZE, ON STOCK RETURN WITH GCG AS A MODERATING VARIABLE

The issue of natural damage and global warming is a serious concern. The company is considered as one of the causes of major damage without regard to its impact on the environment. The absence of regulations governing voluntary disclosure, the company believes that disclosing its environmental performance will provide a positive value to the company which is also supported by (Gunawan 2015). The specific objectives are to analyze and examine the effect of Green accounting disclosures on Stock Return, the effect of firm size on stock returns, the effect of GCG moderating the relationship between Green accounting disclosures and stock returns, and the effect of GCG moderating the relationship between Firm Size and Stock Return. This research method uses quantitative and secondary data. The sample used in this study is chemical manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019 by measuring stock return variables using the stock price formula, green accounting disclosures using an index, company size using the company size formula, and GCG using an index scale. The stages for the analysis method are descriptive statistics analyzing the mean, minimum, maximum and standard deviation; assumption test: assumption of normality, assumption of absence of multicollinearity symptoms, assumption of autocorrelation, and assumption of heteroscedasticity; the normality test of the data, namely the Kolmogrof-Smirnov statistical test; determinant coefficient (R2); and hypothesis testing. The results show that green accounting disclosures do not have a positive effect on stock returns, firm size has a positive effect on stock returns, GCG strengthens the relationship between green accounting disclosures and stock returns, GCG strengthens the relationship between firm size and stock returns.
Anthropology and History in the Alps. Intricate Chronologies and References

The contribution aims to trace the relationship between field research and history in the Alps beginning with Lucie Varga. Varga wrote two texts on the Alpine region – the Montafon in Vorarlberg and the Val Badia in South Tyrol. She was influenced by the French Annales , which represented new approaches to historical research, and she was in contact with Malinowski during this time. The main interest is directed to - wards connections between field research and history in the following decades, which start from different angles. These connections can be established through people who practised both, like Lucie Varga or – albeit with a completely different approach – Her - mann Wopfner, through research concepts and methods as represented by the An­ nales, histoire totale and microhistory and opposed to the history of events. These links can be found not least in the anthropological studies of villages and regions in the Alps which became noticeably intense in the 1960s and 1970s. These mainly Ameri - can anthropologists asked different questions, introduced new socio­historical, demo - graphic and ecological approaches and perspectives and, last, but not least, brought the computer into this research.
Competition between two parametric processes in a pump source of terahertz-wave difference frequency generation

We present a comprehensive study of dual optical parametric oscillation (OPO) within one cavity, which is commonly used as the pump source of terahertz (THz) wave difference frequency generation (DFG). The growth of two output wavelengths with the OPO input energy is not synchronized, due to the competition. This phenomenon is analyzed experimentally and theoretically, to our knowledge, for the first time. A two-stage growth of the product of dual-wavelengths’ energies (also the output of THz-DFG) is predicted: first as a line and later as a parabola. With a homemade organic crystal, monochromatic THz-DFG is achieved under the pump of this dual-OPO. A tuning range up to 30 THz and a highest signal-to-noise ratio of 600:1 (27.8 dB) are obtained at room temperature.
ROLE OF AGE, GENDER, AND TOBACCO IN CAUSING BLADDER CANCER AND PATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF BLADDER CANCER IN KPK

Objective: To determine assocation of age, gender & tabbaco in causing bladder carcinoma and its causative factors. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective audit on individuals suffering from bladder carcinoma. All the enrolled individuals in our research study were diagnosed and treated in our set up under strict criteria. Results: Total 156 affected individuals suffering from bladder cancer were diagnosed and treated in our setup. Out of 156 patients, 111 were characterized by isolated painless total hematuria. Bladder carcinoma is associated with age so in 70 patients (age > 60 year) were characterized by high grade cancer with a p = 0.04, while the remaining patients (age <60 years), were characterized by both high and low-grade cancers. The risk of tumor relapse is considerably less in those individuals who take adjuvant BCG therapy or mitomycin C therapy, and the difference between the two groups is statistically significant, with a P < 0.0001. Conclusion: The incidence rate of bladder carcinoma is increasing. Tobacco is one of the most common causative factors for bladder carcinoma in kpk.
Growth Kinetics of Ice Single Crystal from Vapour Phase and Variation of its Growth Form

First we briefly review the experimental studies on growth forms and mechanisms of ice crystals from the vapour, i.e. snow crystals. Then we discuss why the basic habit of ice alternate three times with decreasing temperature: from plates (A) to columns (B) at -4*, to plates (C) at -10*, and to columns (D) at -20*-35*. The surface of ice just below 0* is covered with a quasi liquid layer, whose thickness or coverage 9 decreases with falling temperature, and therefore the growth mechanism of a crystal face changes also as follows: I) Vapour-Quasi Liquid-Solid-Mechanism (*<1), II) Adhesive Growth on a surface strongly adsorbed by H2O molecules themselves (0.02<*<l), and III) Two Dimensional Nucleation Growth on a surface with low eigen adsorption (*<0.02). The type of surface structure and consequently the growth mechanism depend on the surface orientation and temperature. Therefore the complicated habit change is caused mainly by the combination of surface growth mechanisms of the {0001}and {1010}-face. Furthermore diffusion field surrounding a crystal contributes to the third habit conversion from plates (C) to columns (D) in dependence on supersaturation, and to the formation of the marked habits with extreme axis ratio (c/a*1,*1). Finally we discuss why the transition from polyhedral to skeletal to dendritic morphology occurs with increasing supersaturation. This morphological instability of polyhedral crystal is due to the inhomogeneity in supersaturation over its surface. In order to pursue the problem, we must self-consistently solve three dimensional diffusion field surrounding a polyhedral crystal and growth kinetics at the surface with supersaturation inhomogeneity.
Possible mechanisms of cochlear two-tone suppression represented by vector subtraction within a model

: This paper investigates possible mechanisms of cochlear two-tone suppression (2TS) in models of the hair cell transducer and the cochlea. The hair cell transducer model can be represented by a saturation function. To simulate cochlear mechanics, a nonlinear transmission line cochlear model is used. The mechano-electric transducer curve of the outer hair cell (OHC) is regarded as the source of nonlinearity in cochlear mechanics. The saturation function approximated by a power series can explain 2TS in the OHC transducer model. However, this mathematical formulation cannot account for cochlear 2TS because the cochlear mechanics is more complicated than the saturation in the OHC transducer. To clarify two-tone interference graphically, it is expressed as a residual vector, the entries of which are the frequencies of the probe and suppressor. In this construct, the stronger of two tones introduced to the system nonlinearly reduces the output by vector subtraction. The model accomplished 2TS and displayed similar horizontal and vertical residual vectors. These analytical results suggest that 2TS is obtained from simple interference between the probe and the suppressor in the cochlear mechanics with nonlinear variation of the OHC transducer current.
Technical Data

As a result of the EU Landﬁll Directive, the disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) ﬂy ash is restricted to only a few landﬁll sites in the UK. Alternative options for the management of ﬂy ash, such as sintering, vitriﬁcation or stabilization/solidiﬁcation, are either costly or not fully developed. In this paper an accelerated carbonation step is investigated for use with ﬂy ash. The carbonation reaction involving ﬂy ash was found to be optimum at a water/solid ratio of 0.3 under ambient temperature conditions. The study of ash mineralogy showed the disappearance of lime/portlandite/calcium chloride hydroxide and the formation of calcite as carbonation proceeded. The leaching properties of carbonated ash were examined. Release of soluble salts, such as SO 4 , Cl, was reduced after carbon-ation, but is still higher than the landﬁll acceptance limits for hazardous waste. It was also found that carbonation had a signiﬁcant inﬂuence on lead leachability. The lead release from carbonated ash, with the exception of one of the ﬂy ashes studied, was reduced by 2–3 orders of magnitude.
DIFFERENT SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR GINGIVAL DEPIGMENTATION AND THEIR OUTCOMES. A LITERATURE REVIEW

The aim of this review is to evaluate the outcome, post-operative pain and recurrence rate of different techniques used for gingival depigmentation, including scalpel surgery, rotary abrasion, gingival graft, laser, cryosurgery and electrosurgery. Dentistry is greatly involved in facial aesthetics and appearance. Gingival pigmentation has a great impact on patients’ smile and self-confidence. Different depigmentation techniques have been proposed in order to eliminate gingival hyperpigmentation and improve gingival color. Many reports have discussed and compared the efficacy of each technique. An electronic search was carried out in the following databases: pubmed, midline, web of science, science direct. Animal studies, patients with systemic treatment of gingival pigmentation, disease patients who consumed melanin-related drugs were excluded from the review. Diode laser has shown to have a good aesthetics and a low recurrence rate. However, further studies with longer follow-up duration are required to improve the understanding of repigmentation.
A Comparison of Rule Extraction for Different Recurrent Neural Network Models and Grammatical Complexity

It has been shown that rules can be extracted from highly non-linear, recursive models such as recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The RNN models mostly investigated include both Elman networks and second-order recurrent networks. Recently, new types of RNNs have demonstrated superior power in handling many machine learning tasks, especially when structural data is involved such as language modeling. Here, we empirically evaluate different recurrent models on the task of learning deterministic finite automata (DFA), the seven Tomita grammars. We are interested in the capability of recurrent models with different architectures in learning and expressing regular grammars, which can be the building blocks for many applications dealing with structural data. Our experiments show that a second-order RNN provides the best and stablest performance of extracting DFA over all Tomita grammars and that other RNN models are greatly influenced by different Tomita grammars. To better understand these results, we provide a theoretical analysis of the "complexity" of different grammars, by introducing the entropy and the averaged edit distance of regular grammars defined in this paper. Through our analysis, we categorize all Tomita grammars into different classes, which explains the inconsistency in the performance of extraction observed across all RNN models.
The impact of the kinematic parameters of bounce and pitch motions of sprung mass on wheeled vehicles handling

The impact of the kinematic parameters of bounce and pitch motions of wheeled vehicles’ (WVs’) sprung mass (SM) with non-linear power characteristics of the cushion system on vehicles handling is studied. The dependence of the critical value of the dynamic steering angle of directive wheels on the amplitude of bounce and pitch motions and the kinematic parameters of motion is developed. It is proven that the limit value of the dynamic steering angle of directive wheels is reduced during acceleration, and vice versa (it increases during braking, while the bounce and pitch motions are significantly reduced).