Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nature of early-type galaxies in hierarchical models

In this Thesis we describe the properties of early-type galaxies in the context of hierarchical galaxy formation. We use two variants of the GALFORM model originally introduced by Cole et al.: the Baugh et al. and the Bower et al. models. We test the prescription defined by Cole et al. to calculate the sizes of bulges, by comparing GALFORM predictions with local observational data. We find that the model reproduces successfully several tight correlations observed for early-type galaxies: the relation between velocity dispersion and luminosity, the velocity dispersion-age relation and the Fundamental Plane. However, there is an important disagreement between the models and observations: in the model, the radii of the luminous spheroids are smaller than expected. We analyse how the physical ingredients involved in the calculation of the sizes influence these results. We explore the physics of massive galaxy formation in the models, by predicting the abundance, properties and clustering of luminous red galaxies (LRGs). Without adjusting any parameters in the two models, we find a good agreement between the GALFORM model and observations. We find that model LRGs are mainly elliptical galaxies, with stellar masses around 2 x 10(^11) h-(^1) M(_ʘ) and velocity dispersions of 250 kms-(^1). The models predict the correlation function of LRGs to be a power law down to small scales, which is in excellent agreement with the observational estimates. Finally, we predict the abundance, colour and clustering of submillimeter galaxies (SMGs), which are thought to be the progenitors of local massive early-type galaxies. At the wavelengths where these galaxies are detected, 850 um, the predictions using the standard GALFORM model are inaccurate, hence the time consuming GRASIL code is used in addition to GALFORM. We develop a new method, based on artificial neural networks, to rapidly generate galaxy spectra from a small set of properties.
Exploring Language Hierarchy for Video Grounding

The understanding of language plays a key role in video grounding, where a target moment is localized according to a text query. From a biological point of view, language is naturally hierarchical, with the main clause (predicate phrase) providing coarse semantics and modifiers providing detailed descriptions. In video grounding, moments described by the main clause may exist in multiple clips of a long video, including both the ground-truth and background clips. Therefore, in order to correctly discriminate the ground-truth clip from the background ones, this co-existence leads to the negligence of the main clause, and concentrate the model on the modifiers that provide discriminative information on distinguishing the target proposal from the others. We first demonstrate this phenomenon empirically, and propose a Hierarchical Language Network (HLN) that exploits the language hierarchy, as well as a new learning approach called Multi-Instance Positive-Unlabelled Learning (MI-PUL) to alleviate the above problem. Specifically, in HLN, the localization is performed on various layers of the language hierarchy, so that the attention can be paid to different parts of the sentences, rather than only discriminative ones. Furthermore, MI-PUL allows the model to localize background clips that can be possibly described by the main clause, even without manual annotations. Therefore, the union of the two proposed components enhances the learning of the main clause, which is of critical importance in video grounding. Finally, we evaluate that our proposed HLN can plug into the current methods and improve their performance. Extensive experiments on challenging datasets show HLN significantly improve the state-of-the-art methods, especially achieving 6.15% gain in terms of $Recall 1\text{@}IoU0.5$ on the TACoS dataset.
DYNAMICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF A NEW LOZI FUNCTION FOR RANDOM NUMBERS GENERATION

PHYSCON 2011, Leon, Spain, September, 58 September , 2011 DYNAMICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF A NEW LOZI FU NCTION FOR RANDOM NUMBERS GENERATION Andrea Espinel, Ina Taralova IRCCyN, UMR CNRS 6597 Ecole Centrale de Nantes France andrea.espinel-rojas, ina.taralova@irccyn.ec-nantes . fr Rene Lozi Laboratoire J.A. Dieudonne, UMR CNRS 6621 Universite de Nice Sophia-Antipolis France lozi@unice.fr Abstract This paper presents the first results of the stati stical and dynamical analysis of a new function showing random properties firstly proposed by Lozi. The phase plane analysis via the critical lines tool al lowed to delimit analytically the holes in the chaotic at tractor and to follow their evolution. In addition, the res ults of the statistical NIST tests for pseudo-randomness showed to be successful and significantly improved after an under-sampling of the output signal. Key words Lozi map, chaotic map, Random Number Generator, NIST test 1 Introduction The incessantly increasing demand for secure data storage and transmission (e-banking, e-payments, personal data encoding.) motivates the research f or newer and more secure data encryption techniques. The latter are classically performed via Pseudo Random Number Generators (PRNG) which, besides being highly reliable, should be able to generate a s many different encoding sequences (hidden in the encryption keys) as possible. The encryption keys l ie in the system parameters, since the structure is al ways supposed to be known by the pirates. For this reaso n, during the last decade, there has been a plethora o f papers devoted to the nonlinear maps used for chaot ic encryption. Indeed, the well known intrinsic sensitivity to sm all parameter changes and initial conditions exhibited by the chaotic maps makes them perfect candidates for encryption. Thus, for each - even infinitesimal - parameter change, a different chaotic sequence will be generated, so in theory an infinite number of encod ing sequences can be obtained - and therefore, an infin ite number of keys (if we make abstraction of the quantization). Nevertheless, designing a chaotic PRNG remains a very tough problem, because chaoticity is only a necessary, but not a sufficien t feature. Indeed, the encrypting sequence has to exh ibit also a set of statistical properties [3], [4] and t herefore not all chaotic maps are suitable for encryption purposes. However, most of the authors simply neglected the statistical properties, which have to be satisfied by the chaotic map, if used as PRNG. This is typically the case when the basin of attraction is not dense or exhibits holes, so the state variables are not equidistributed. The most widely and universally used test to vali date PRNG is the National Institute of Standards and Technology Test, known as NIST tests. 2 System Definition The system under consideration has been proposed first by Lozi in [1] who emphasized its random features. It is defined on the p-dimensional torus T
Comparison of the somatic mutations between circulating tumor DNA and tissue DNA in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Background Non-invasive liquid biopsies of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a rapidly growing field in the research of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, factors affecting the concordance of mutations in paired plasma and tissue and the detection rate of ctDNA in real-world Chinese patients with NSCLC were identified. Methods Peripheral blood and paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue samples from 125 NSCLC patients were collected and analyzed by sequencing 15 genes. Serological biomarkers were tested by immunoassay. Results The overall concordance between tumor and plasma samples and the detection rate of somatic mutations in ctDNA was 69.2% and 78.4%, respectively. The concordance and detection rate raised with clinical stage were stage I: 14.3%, 14.3%; stage II: 53.3%, 60.0%; stage III: 71.4%, 78.1%; stage IV: 74.1%, 85.2%. With increased tumor diameter, the concordance and detection rate raised from 33.33% to 71.64% and 33.33% to 80.8%, respectively. For patients with partial response, stable disease, progressive disease, and who were treatment-naïve, the concordance and detection rates were 0.0%, 62.7%, 75.2, 73.6%, and 16.7%, 61.9%, 83.3%, 86.5%, respectively. Serological markers: CEA, CA125, NSE, and CYFRA21-1 were significantly higher for patients with detectable somatic alterations in ctDNA than in those who were ctDNA negative (17.08 ng/mL vs. 3.95 ng/mL, 21.63 U/mL vs. 18.27 U/mL, 17.68 U/mL vs. 14.14 U/mL, and 6.55 U/mL vs. 3.81 U/mL, respectively). Conclusion Advanced-stage, treatment naïve or poor therapy outcome, and large tumor size were associated with a high concordance and detection rate. Patients with detectable mutations in ctDNA had a higher level of carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125, NSE, and CYFRA21-1.
Circuit implementation and synchronization of an improved system with invariable Lyapunov exponent spectrum

By differentiating the parameters of a newly proposed chaotic system with invariable Lyapunov exponent spectrum, an improved chaotic system is reported in this paper. The system has three important properties which can be summarized as: invariable Lyapunov exponent spectrum for two parameters, existence of the global linear amplitude adjuster and the phase reversal parameter. Simulation analysis by Lyapunov exponent spectrum and bifurcation diagram combined with theoretical reasoning and theory proving, the dynamical characteristics of the system are investigated and expounded. An analog electronic circuit is designed to implement the improved system, and then the chaotic behavior is verified by physics experiments. Finally, the synchronization of the new chaotic system is realized by using the single variable coupling feedback, and meanwhile the circuit of synchronization is presented and the synchronization condition is verified.
Acid content and buffer-capacity: a charge-balance perspective

Abstract Rational treatment and thorough diagnostic classification of acid-base disorders requires quantitative understanding of the mechanisms that generate and dissipate loads of acid and base. A natural precondition for this tallying is the ability to quantify the acid content in any specified fluid. Physical chemistry defines the pH-dependent charge on any buffer species, and also on strong ions on which, by definition, the charge is pH-invariant. Based, then, on the requirement of electroneutrality and conservation of mass, it was shown in 1914 that pH can be calculated and understood on the basis of the chemical composition of any fluid. Herein we first show that this specification for [H+] of the charge-balance model directly delivers the pH-dependent buffer-capacity as defined in the literature. Next, we show how the notion of acid transport as proposed in experimental physiology can be understood as a change in strong ion difference, ΔSID. Finally, based on Brønsted-Lowry theory we demonstrate that by defining the acid content as titratable acidity, this is equal to SIDref – SID, where SIDref is SID at pH 7.4. Thereby, any chemical situation is represented as a curve in a novel diagram with titratable acidity = SIDref – SID as a function of pH. For any specification of buffer chemistry, therefore, the change in acid content in the fluid is path invariant. Since constituents of SID and titratable acidity are additive, we thereby, based on first principles, have defined a new framework for modeling acid balance across a cell, a whole organ, or the whole-body.
Posterior corneal morphological changes in primary congenital glaucoma

Purpose: To compare posterior corneal morphology between older treated and younger untreated children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) and intraoperative OCT (iOCT), respectively. Methods: In this comparative study, ASOCT of older PCG children were compared with iOCT of younger untreated PCG patients. Differences between the two groups with respect to posterior corneal morphology were studied. Results: Observed morphological patterns within posterior cornea in older treated (age: 72–300 months) children (87 eyes) included Descemet's membrane (DM) excrescences (70%), thickened DM (35%), intracameral twin protuberances (92%), and DM detachment (26%). Changes within pre-Descemet's layer (PDL) (28%) included thickening, breaks, and detachments. Extent of Haab's striae was associated with thickness of DM/PDL complex (P = 0.008) when analyzed in the treated group. In contrast, in the untreated group (n = 53 eyes, age 1–63 months), posterior corneal changes were limited to diffuse hyper-reflectivity of the DM/PDL complex, with absence of DM tears. Conclusion: Posterior cornea thickens and Haab's striae become more circumscribed in eyes of older treated children compared to untreated PCG eyes, probably reflecting a healing response of posterior cornea over time.
How do high-performance work systems affect work fatigue: The mediating effect of job responsibility and role overload

Work fatigue refers to physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion, resulting in the inability to work. Hitherto research indicate a close relationship between high-performance work systems and work fatigue, and there may be a double-edged sword effect of high-performance work systems on work fatigue. However, a comprehensive theoretical framework has not been developed to understand the relationship between them. Based on the challenge-hindrance stress model, this study employs role overload and job responsibility as mediating variables in a conceptual framework to understand the impact of high-performance work systems on work fatigue. Using the partial least square structural equation model and a sample of 360 employees in China, the mediating effects of role overload and job responsibility were confirmed. Further, the internal mechanisms of how high-performance work systems affect work fatigue are discussed, its adverse effects are confirmed, and its practical implications are proposed.
Definition matters: assessment of tolerance to the effects of alcohol in a prospective cohort study of emerging adults

Abstract Background and aims Tolerance to the effects of alcohol is an important element in the diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD); however, there is ongoing debate about its utility in the diagnosis AUD in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to refine the assessment of tolerance in young adults by testing different definitions of tolerance and their associations with longitudinal AUD outcomes. Design Prospective cohort study. Settings Australia. Participants A contemporary cohort of emerging adults across Australia (n = 565, mean age = 18.9, range = 18–21 at baseline). Measurements Clinician‐administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV Research Version (SCID‐IV‐RV) assessed for AUD criteria across five interviews, at 6‐month intervals over 2.5 years. Tolerance definitions were operationalized using survey‐type response (yes/no), clinician judgement (SCID‐IV‐RV), different initial drinking quantity and percentage increase thresholds and average heavy consumption metrics. AUD persistence was operationalized by the number of times AUD was present across the 2.5‐year study period (n = 491), and new‐onset AUD was operationalized as any new incidence of AUD during the follow‐up period (n = 461). Findings The (i) SCID‐IV‐RV clinician judgement [odds ratio (OR) = 2.50, P = 0.005], (ii) an initial drinking quantity threshold of four to five drinks and 50% minimum increase (OR = 2.48, P = 0.007) and (iii) 50% increase only (OR = 2.40, P = 0.005) were the tolerance definitions more strongly associated with any new onset of AUD throughout the four follow‐up time‐points than other definitions. However, these definitions were not associated with persistent AUD (Ps > 0.05). Average heavy consumption definitions of tolerance were most strongly associated with persistent AUD (OR = 6.66, P = 0.001; OR = 4.65, P = 0.004) but not associated with new‐onset AUD (Ps > 0.05). Conclusions Initial drink and percentage change thresholds appear to improve the efficacy of change‐based tolerance as an indicator for new‐onset alcohol use disorder diagnosis in self‐report surveys of young adults. When predicting persistent alcohol use disorder, average heavy consumption‐based indicators appear to be a better way to measure tolerance than self‐reported change‐based definitions.
Prevalence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Turkey

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the presence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms by using PCR. A total of 602 mammary quarter milk samples belong to 170 cows with mastitis were used. Identification of species was achieved by using the commercial Gram-positive identification kit and a total of 52 (8.6%) CNS species were isolated. The most frequently isolated species was Staphylococcus capitis (n = 15, 28.8%), followed by Staphylococcus saccharolyticus (n = 12, 23.1%), Staphylococcus simulans (n = 8, 15.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 5, 9.6%), Staphylococcus cohnii (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus lentus (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2, 3.8%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 2, 3.8%). The mecA gene positivity was found in the 13 (25%) of strains. Of the strains carrying mecA gene, eight also harbored the pvl gene. A total of pvl gene positivity was found as 30.8% (n = 16) in 52 CNS species. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS isolated from cows with mastitis may be reservoir of mecA and pvl genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of mecA and pvl genes in CNS species isolated from bovine with mastitis in the smallholder dairy farms in Turkey.
Can High Exposure Help to Close Gaps? The Influence of COVID-19 Preventive Messages on Behavioral Intentions by Educational Attainment in Chile

ABSTRACT The literature in the field of health communication has shown the existence of gaps between groups of different socioeconomic levels both in exposure to health campaign messages and in the influence these messages exert on individuals’ health decisions. In this article, we examine the association between educational attainment and exposure to messages promoting COVID-19 preventive behaviors, namely, physical distancing, handwashing, and masks wearing in Chile. In addition, we model the association between exposure to these messages and the intentions to carry out the behaviors, as well as the differences attributable to educational attainment in the influence of exposure. A cross-sectional population survey combining online and telephone techniques was conducted among 3,592 adults in Chile. Regression analysis revealed that lower educational level and frequency of television use were positively associated with greater exposure to preventive messages. Exposure to preventive messages, in turn, was positively associated with intentions to maintain the three behaviors examined. Individuals in the lower educational attainment group had lower intentions to engage in two of the three behaviors, but those in these segments who were more exposed to preventive messages were as likely as their more educated counterparts to intend wearing masks and adhering to physical distance. The findings of this study underscore the importance of reaching the least educated segments with campaign messages in the context of public health crisis, since these messages can close gaps between the more and less educated group in their intentions to engage in preventive behaviors.
Correlates of Physical and Emotional Strain Among Older Adult Caregivers

ABSTRACT Caregiving can be physically challenging and emotionally draining for older caregivers. The existing research on physical and emotional strain mainly focuses on the general caregiver population. Using the Stress Process Model, this study aims to expand on existing caregiving literature by identifying correlates of physical and emotional strain among older caregivers. Hierarchical OLS regressions were performed on data selected from the 2015 Caregiving in the U.S. Survey (N = 701). Several risk factors for physical strain and emotional strain were identified: Assistance with ADLs and IADLs, the number of health problems of the care recipient, and the receipt of formal support were positively associated with physical and emotional strain. Moreover, providing care to parents/parents-in-law was associated with higher levels of emotional strain than providing care to non-relatives. The number of care recipients was positively associated with emotional strain. Older African Americans experienced lower levels of physical strain than their white counterparts. The findings uncover the individual differences among older caregivers and provide insights into how these differences uniquely influence caregiving strain. Moreover, the study identifies a risk and protective profile of caregiving strain, which can help practitioners direct services and resources to older caregivers who are particularly at risk for caregiving strain.
Triple Therapy-Based on Tegoprazan, a New Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, for First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III, Clinical Trial

Background/Aims We examined the efficacy and safety of tegoprazan as a part of first-line triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Methods A randomized, double-blind, controlled, multicenter study was performed to evaluate whether tegoprazan (50 mg)-based triple therapy (TPZ) was noninferior to lansoprazole (30 mg)-based triple therapy (LPZ) (with amoxicillin 1 g and clarithromycin 500 mg; all administered twice daily for 7 days) for treating H. pylori. The primary endpoint was the H. pylori eradication rate. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 genotype, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin and clarithromycin, and underlying gastric diseases. Results In total, 350 H. pylori-positive patients were randomly allocated to the TPZ or LPZ group. The H. pylori eradication rates in the TPZ and LPZ groups were 62.86% (110/175) and 60.57% (106/175) in an intention-to-treat analysis and 69.33% (104/150) and 67.33% (101/150) in a per-protocol analysis (non-inferiority test, p=0.009 and p=0.013), respectively. Subgroup analyses according to MICs or CYP2C19 did not show remarkable differences in eradication rate. Both first-line triple therapies were well-tolerated with no notable differences. Conclusions TPZ is as effective as proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy and is as safe as first-line H. pylori eradication therapy but does not overcome the clarithromycin resistance of H. pylori in Korea (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03317223).
Dietary exposure and risk assessment of phthalic acid esters through a total diet study in Shenzhen, South China

Abstract Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are typical endocrine disruptors which are ubiquitous contaminants. Human exposure to PAEs is through multiple routes of which the diet is recognised as the main source of daily intake. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary exposure to PAEs of residents in Shenzhen (China) through a total diet study and assess the potential health risk. A total of 16 different phthalate esters in samples of 12 composite food groups were determined by GC–MS. The main dietary sources of PAE exposure among adult residents in Shenzhen were potatoes (21%), eggs (21%), meat (15%) and aquatic products (14%). The median total dietary exposure to PAEs in Shenzhen residents was 7780 ng kg−1 bw d−1, and the hazard quotients (HQ) of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were 0.09, 0.06, 0.07, 0.10 and 0.03, respectively. Therefore, the risks from dietary PAE exposure were low. However, with the increasing use of PAEs and their accumulation in the environment, the probability of PAEs entering the food chain is gradually increasing and, therefore, PAEs should be strictly controlled and regularly monitored.