Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test–retest reliability of the Cost for Patients Questionnaire

Abstract Objectives To investigate the test–retest reliability of the Costs for Patients Questionnaire (CoPaQ). Methods Through an online survey, individuals were invited to participate in a two-step study to assess the test–retest reliability of the CoPaQ. Participants to the first step were invited to complete the questionnaire a second time 2 weeks after. Reliability was assessed by calculating Cohen’s Kappa coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for discrete and continuous data, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was carried out. Results From a total of 1,200 participants who completed the first test, 403 completed the second test. The ICC varied from −0.00 to 0.98 with poor, moderate, good, and excellent results. The Kappa coefficients varied from −0.004 to 0.65 and were poor, slight, fair, moderate, and substantial. The sensitivity analysis showed the median value of ICC and Kappa coefficients for each category before and after the outliers’ exclusion. The median value of ICC changed from 0.30 (before) to 0.70 (after), and from 0.12 (before) to 0.04 (after), respectively, for each category. The median value of the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient increased from 0.44 (before) to 0.46 (after) and decreased from 0.32 (before) to 0.30 (after), respectively. Conclusions Test–retest reliability results indicated that the CoPaQ has a moderate reliability in terms of ICC and Kappa coefficients. The moderate reliability observed gives additional support for the applicability of this tool in economic evaluations of health interventions. Additional studies including on other properties and a cultural adaptation could further enhance the use of the tool.
Epistemic Equality: Distributive Epistemic Justice in the Context of Justification

ABSTRACT:Social inequality may obstruct the generation of knowledge, as the rich and powerful may bring about social acceptance of skewed views that suit their interests. Epistemic equality in the context of justification is a means of preventing such obstruction. Drawing on social epistemology and theories of equality and distributive justice, we provide an account of epistemic equality. We regard participation in, and influence over a knowledge-generating discourse in an epistemic community as a limited good that needs to be justly distributed among putative members of the community. We argue that rather than trying to operationally formulate an exact criterion for distributing this good, epistemic equality may be realized by insisting on active participation of members of three groups in addition to credited experts: relevant disempowered groups, relevant uncredited experts, and relevant stakeholders. Meeting these conditions fulfills the political, moral, and epistemic aims of epistemic equality.
Accuracy measurement of different marker based motion analysis systems for biomechanical applications: A round robin study

Introduction Multiple camera systems are widely used for 3D-motion analysis. Due to increasing accuracies these camera systems gained interest in biomechanical research areas, where high precision measurements are desirable. In the current study different measurement systems were compared regarding their measurement accuracy. Materials and methods Translational and rotational accuracy measurements as well as the zero offset measurements of seven different measurement systems were performed using two reference devices and two different evaluation algorithms. All measurements were performed in the same room with constant temperature at the same laboratory. Equal positions were measured with the systems according to a standardized protocol. Measurement errors were determined and compared. Results The highest measurement errors were seen for a measurement system using active ultrasonic markers, followed by another active marker measurement system (infrared) having measurement errors up to several hundred micrometers. The highest accuracies were achieved by three stereo camera systems, using passive 2D marker points having errors typically below 20 μm. Conclusions This study can help to better assess the results obtained with different measurement systems. With the focus on the measurement accuracy, only one aspect in the selection of a system was considered. Depending on the requirements of the user, other factors like measurement frequency, the maximum analyzable volume, the marker type or the costs are important factors as well.
Time-Dependent Change in Cartilage Repair Tissue Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging up to 2 years after Atelocollagen-Assisted Autologous Cartilage Transplantation: Data from the CaTCh Study

Objective To elucidate the time course of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based morphological and qualitative outcomes after an atelocollagen-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and to analyze the correlation between arthroscopic and MRI-based assessment. Design We included ACI recipients from a multicenter registration study (CaTCh [Cartilage Treatment in Chiba] study). Morphological (3-dimensional magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue: 3D-MOCART, MOCART2.0) and qualitative assessment (T2- and T1rho-mapping) by MRI were conducted at 6, 12, and 24 months post-implantation. Global T2 and T1rho indices (T2 and T1rho in repair tissue divided by T2 and T1rho in normal cartilage) were calculated. Arthroscopic second-look assessment was performed in 4 and 15 knees at 12 and 24 months post-implantation, respectively. Results The 3D-MOCART over 12 months witnessed significant patient improvement, but some presented subchondral bone degeneration as early as 6 months. The MOCART2.0 improved from 57.5 to 71.3 between 6 and 24 months (P = 0.02). The global T2 index decreased from 1.7 to 1.2 between 6 and 24 months (P < 0.001). The global T1rho index decreased from 1.5 to 1.3 between 6 and 24 months (P = 0.004). Normal or nearly normal ICRS-CRA (cartilage repair assessment scale developed by the International Cartilage Repair Society) grades were achieved in 86% and 93% of the lesions at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Better ICRS-CRA grade corresponded to better MOCART2.0, with no trend in the T2 and T1rho values. Conclusions Atelocollagen-assisted ACI improved the MRI-based morphological and qualitative outcomes until 24 months post-surgery, and normal or nearly normal grades were achieved in most lesions by arthroscopic assessment. MRI assessment may be an alternative to arthroscopic assessment.
Phase Ib Study of the BET Inhibitor GS-5829 as Monotherapy and Combined with Enzalutamide in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract Purpose: A phase Ib study (1604) was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of GS-5829, an oral bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitor, alone and in combination with enzalutamide in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). A phase I study (1599) in solid tumors/lymphoma was also conducted. Patients and Methods: Men with confirmed mCRPC and disease progression despite abiraterone and/or enzalutamide treatment were enrolled in a 3 + 3 dose escalation paradigm starting at 2 mg daily with GS-5829 alone and in combination with 160 mg daily enzalutamide. The primary efficacy endpoint was nonprogression rate at week 24; secondary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen reduction from baseline, progression-free survival, and GS-5829 pharmacokinetics (PK). PK and safety were also evaluated in Study 1599. Results: Thirty-one men, with a median of five prior regimens, received at least 1 dose of study drug in Study 1604. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE) were reported in 94% of patients; 16% discontinued for TEAEs. There were no dose-dependent increases in the AUCtau or Cmax after once-daily administration of GS-5829 2 to 9 mg, and biomarkers CCR2 inhibition and HEXIM1 induction were increased only at higher doses of monotherapy. A high degree of interpatient variability existed across all doses in PK and pharmacodynamic parameters. The proportion with nonprogression at week 24, estimated by Kaplan–Meier model, was 25% (95% confidence interval, 10–42) for all treated patients. Conclusions: GS-5829 was generally tolerated but demonstrated limited efficacy and lack of dose proportional increases in plasma concentrations in patients with mCRPC.
Modeling and Analysis the Competition Dynamics among Container Transshipment Ports

This study examines the competitiveness and cooperativeness among the container ports in East Asia by analyzing their monthly dynamics in eight years (2008-2015). Time series data on container throughput divided into origin and destination (O/D), such as the top six Chinese ports and the transshipment (T/S) ports such as Hong Kong, Busan, and Singapore, are computed with two methods based on the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The first Granger causality test results show that Busan T/S has significant bilateral relations with three Chinese O/D ports; and significant unidirectional relations with three other O/D ports. Shenzhen port has significant bilateral relations with Singapore, and has a significant unidirectional relation with Hong Kong port. Co-integrating test results showed that Busan holds negative co-integration with all Chinese O/D ports. Impulse response function (IRF) results show an opposite direction between paired ports. The ratios of the impulse from T/S ports are significantly high to one another in the short-run, but its power declines as time passes. The ratio of the impulse from the Chinese ports to T/S ports is less significant in the short-run period, however, it becomes more significant as time passes. The significance of most shocks was high in the second period, but was diluted after the sixth period.
Validating PreCHAT: A Digital Preconception Health Risk Assessment Tool to Improve Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health

Study background Despite the growing understanding of preconception care, numerous barriers to its delivery still exist, including a lack of evidence-based, accessible screening tools. Purpose To validate a new digital Preconception Health Assessment Tool (PreCHAT) against the current best practice, physician-delivered tool in Ontario, Canada, and explore how PreCHAT’s design impacts its risk identification abilities relative to the comparison tool. Methods A criterion validation study was conducted with 53 female participants aged 18–44 years. Participants completed both tools in a controlled setting. PreCHAT was completed on a tablet individually by participants, while the comparison tool was administered by a physician. Three physicians administered the comparison tool. Measures of strength of agreement between PreCHAT and the comparison tool were calculated using percent agreement, Cohen's Kappa, and prevalence-adjusted and biased-adjusted kappa (PABAK). Results PreCHAT identified 135 individual risk factors, while the comparison tool identified 102. Both tools shared the same 14 domains of preconception care and 88 risk factors; of the 88 risk factors, PreCHAT identified an average of 3.42 (p < 0.0001) more risks per participant than the comparison tool. PABAK scores indicated almost perfect agreement between PreCHAT and the comparison tool. Conclusions This study suggests that PreCHAT is valid against the current best practice tool and is broader in its risk identification among individuals of reproductive age. PreCHAT's patient-facing, digital, EMR-integrated design may offer unique benefits to providers and patients. PreCHAT offers providers an innovative approach to deliver preconception care and may positively impact reproductive, maternal, and child health.
PREVALENSI PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI PENDUDUK DI INDONESIA DAN FAKTOR YANG BERISIKO

Background: The analysis of hypertension prevalence for Indonesia citizen aging of 15 years old and over, and its risk factors has been conducted. Data of National Health Basic Survey (Riskesdas) 2007 and National Health Survey (Susenas) 2007 data were used. Methods: Variables analyzed were: 1) Social Economics and individual characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education, settlement area, social economic groups), 2) Risk behavior (smoking habit, fruits and vegetables consumption), 3) Body Mass Index (BMI) group, and 4) Mental disordered. Analysis emphasized on descriptionof hypertension prevalence by social economics, individual characteristics, risk behavior factors, BMI groups and mental disordered. The correlation of hypertension toward behavior factors, BMI groups, and mental disordered groups were done in order to determine the relationship between them using logistics regression technique. It was also to find out the most dominant factor. Results: showed that 34.9% Indonesia citizen suffered from hypertension (by measuring individual blood pressure). People in Java-Bali has the highest prevalence (35.9%) of hypertension while the lowest was in Sumatra (32.9%). Hypertension prevalence (by interview respondents diagnosed the health professional) only 7.4%. Multiple logistics regression analysis showed that heavy smoker, obese, and heavy mental disorder has correlation significantly (p = 0.000) toward hypertension. The most dominant factor increasing hypertension risked was obese. Keywords: hypertension, risk factors, National Health Basic Survey (Riskesdas) 2007
Investigation of HUVEC response to exposure to PAMAM dendrimers – changes in cell elasticity and vesicles release

Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the effect of PAMAM dendrimers of second, fourth, and seventh generations on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Primary endothelial cells were exposed to PAMAM dendrimers for 24 h, using concentrations reducing cellular viability to the levels of 90, 75, and 50%. We assumed, that changes in mechanical properties reflect toxicity of PAMAM dendrimers. The mechanical properties were investigated using atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) technique with the use of two approaches for measuring cell elasticity: global, where the tests were performed using a micrometer-hemispherical probe, and local, where a nanometer-sized probe was used. For the sharp probe, a reduction in the elasticity modulus was observed in comparison to untreated control cells, that is related to the depolymerization of the cytoskeleton and the processes leading to cell apoptosis. In the case of the hemispherical probe, cell softening was also observed in comparison to control cells, but with increasing PAMAM concentrations, the modulus of elasticity increases. It is related to the sensing of numerous intracellular vesicles with the use of this probe, e.g. endosomal and empty plasmalemmal which can also alter cell elasticity. The presence of external and intracellular vesicles was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The relationship between the elasticity of HUVEC cells exposed to PAMAM dendrimers of selected generations and their toxic effects was presented herein for the first time. In the transmission electron microscopy images of the cells exposed to PAMAM dendrimers, we have also observed distinctive vesicles with regular multilayer arranged structure.
Large-eddy simulation study of wind farm active power control with a coordinated load distribution

In this paper, an active power control (APC) approach for wind farms is studied, for a case in which the wind turbines interact with each other aerodynamically through their wakes. We demonstrate that the structural loadings on the individual wind turbines can be coordinated to expand their lifetimes, while the wind farm production tracks a power reference signal. We propose an additional feedback control loop in order to adjust the distribution of the regulated power demands among the wind turbines, exploiting the non-unique solutions of APC for wind farms. The axial induction factor of each wind turbine is considered as a control input to influence the overall wind farm performance. The applicability of the controller is tested with a wind farm example consisting of 2×3 turbines with partial wake overlaps and detailed interactions with the atmospheric boundary layer, simulated with the PArallelized Large-eddy simulation Model (PALM). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and point to some future studies that may improve and extend the performance.
Prospects of chloroplast metabolic engineering for developing nutrient-dense food crops

Abstract Addressing nutritional deficiencies in food crops through biofortification is a sustainable approach to tackling malnutrition. Biofortification is continuously being attempted through conventional breeding as well as through various plant biotechnological interventions, ranging from molecular breeding to genetic engineering and genome editing for enriching crops with various health-promoting metabolites. Genetic engineering is used for the rational incorporation of desired nutritional traits in food crops and predominantly operates through nuclear and chloroplast genome engineering. In the recent past, chloroplast engineering has been deployed as a strategic tool to develop model plants with enhanced nutritional traits due to the various advantages it offers over nuclear genome engineering. However, this approach needs to be extended for the nutritional enhancement of major food crops. Further, this platform could be combined with strategies, such as synthetic biology, chloroplast editing, nanoparticle-mediated rapid chloroplast transformation, and horizontal gene transfer through grafting for targeting endogenous metabolic pathways for overproducing native nutraceuticals, production of biopharmaceuticals, and biosynthesis of designer nutritional compounds. This review focuses on exploring various features of chloroplast genome engineering for nutritional enhancement of food crops by enhancing the levels of existing metabolites, restoring the metabolites lost during crop domestication, and introducing novel metabolites and phytonutrients needed for a healthy daily diet.
Research Progress of Gas Sensor Based on Graphene and Its Derivatives: A Review

Gas sensors are devices that convert a gas volume fraction into electrical signals, and they are widely used in many fields such as environmental monitoring. Graphene is a new type of two-dimensional crystal material that has many excellent properties including large specific surface area, high conductivity, and high Young’s modulus. These features make it ideally suitable for application for gas sensors. In this paper, the main characteristics of gas sensor are firstly introduced, followed by the preparation methods and properties of graphene. In addition, the development process and the state of graphene gas sensors are introduced emphatically in terms of structure and performance of the sensor. The emergence of new candidates including graphene, polymer and metal/metal oxide composite enhances the performance of gas detection significantly. Finally, the clear direction of graphene gas sensors for the future is provided according to the latest research results and trends. It provides direction and ideas for future research.
The Impact of Nutrition on the Frail Elderly - a Literature Study

Background: The population of elderly people is an expanding group with an average life expectancy far exceeding that of only several decades ago. This increased number of older adults is a direct result of improved medical improvements, but it has also created a group vulnerable to the decline of bodily functions, diminished physical strength and poor quality of life. They are susceptible to poor nutrition and frailty that can lead to ill health and poor quality of life that ultimately imposes a strain on the health care system and its resources. It is key that effective intervention be established to reverse the negative impacts on the elderly and reduce the growing expenses related to frailty and malnutrition in these older individuals. Purpose: The purpose of this literature study was to demonstrate the value of nutrition for older adults with specific focus on preventing or reducing the incidence of frailty. Method: The method used to write this paper was a literature study based on quantitative original articles. Results: It is important that the elderly maintain good nutrition including; an appropriate amount of protein, an adequate amount of total caloric intake and a diet that will prevent the onset of malnutrition that could otherwise lead to frailty. Diets with an increased amount of protein can help reduce the incidence of frailty or prevent further decline in the state of existing frailty. The prevention of malnutrition through good nutrition including a sufficient amount of daily caloric intake it integral in preventing frailty. Conclusion: This research demonstrates that good nutrition is integral for mature adults over the age of 60 years of age. It is vital that this group of individuals have a sufficient amount of protein in their daily diet, that their overall caloric intake is at an appropriate level and that good nutrition is maintained in order to avoid malnutrition that could further decline to a state of frailty. It is important to prevent malnutrition that can lead to frailty and promote good nutrition that can lead to a good quality of life for older adults.
on total fire identification during the campaign

The total peroxy ni trates (∑PNs) concentrations have been measured using a thermal dissociation 21 laser induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) instrument during the BORTAS campaign, which focused on 22 the impact of boreal biomass burning emissions on air quality in the Northern hemisphere. The strong 23 correlation observed between the ∑PNs concentrations and those of the carbon monoxide (CO), a 24 well-known pyrogenic tracer, suggests the possible use of the ∑PNs concentrations as marker of the 25 biomass burning (BB) plumes. We applied both statistical and percentile methods to the ∑PNs 26 concentrations, comparing the percentage of BB plume selected using these methods with the
Healthcare Research and Organization Theory

In this Element, we examine how organizational researchers have published articles contributing to organization theory in highquality organizational journals, and we examine how healthcare researchers have drawn on organization theory in healthcare management journals. We have two main aims in writing this Element. The first is to motivate scholars working in the field of general organizational and management studies to increasingly use healthcare settings as an empirical context for their work in theory development. Our second aim is to encourage healthcare researchers to increase their use of organizational theory to advance knowledge about the provision of healthcare services. Our investigations revealed a growing number of organizational studies situated in healthcare. We also found a disappointing level of connection between research published in organization journals and research published in healthcare journals. We provide explanations for this division, and encourage more crossdisciplinary work in the future.