Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Frequency of newborn bathing in the first 9 weeks of life and related factors: An observational study in a community‐based sample from Meta‐LARC

Environmental factors such as bathing may play a role in atopic dermatitis (AD) development. This analysis utilized data from the Community Assessment of Skin Care, Allergies, and Eczema (CASCADE) Trial (NCT03409367), a randomized controlled trial of emollient therapy for AD prevention in the general population, to estimate bathing frequency and associated factors within the first 9 weeks of life.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and drug use disorder: examination of aetiological models in a Swedish population-based cohort

ABSTRACT Background: There are two primary phenotypic models of comorbidity between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug use disorder (DUD), i.e. self-medication (PTSD precedes and causes DUD) and susceptibility (DUD precedes and causes PTSD). We sought to clarify the longitudinal relationship between PTSD and DUD, while examining sex differences. Method: We used approximately 23 years of longitudinal data from Swedish population registries to conduct two complementary statistical models: Cox proportional hazard models (N ≈ 1.5 million) and a cross-lagged panel model (N ≈ 3.8 million). Results: Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for cohort and socioeconomic status, found strong evidence for the self-medication hypothesis, as PTSD predicted increased risk for DUD among both women [hazard ratio (HR) = 5.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.18, 5.51] and men (HR = 3.65, 95% CI 3.54, 3.77), and moreover, that the PTSD to DUD association was significantly higher among women (interaction term 0.68, 95% CI 0.65, 0.71). The results of the susceptibility model were significant, but not as strong as the self-medication model. DUD predicted risk for PTSD among both women (HR = 2.43, 95% CI 2.38, 2.50) and men (HR = 2.55, 95% CI 2.50, 2.60), and HR was significantly higher in men (interaction term 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08). Investigating the pathways simultaneously in the cross-lagged model yielded support for both pathways of risk. The cross-paths instantiating the susceptibility model (0.10–0.22 in females, 0.12–0.19 in males) were mostly larger than those capturing the self-medication model (0.01–0.16 in females, 0.04–0.22 in males). Conclusions: We demonstrate that the relationship between PTSD and DUD is bidirectional, with evidence that future research should prioritize examining specific pathways of risk that may differ between men and women. HIGHLIGHTS Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and drug use disorder (DUD) are highly comorbid, and few large population-based longitudinal studies have been conducted to better understand why these disorders co-occur at a rate far greater than chance. We used approximately 23 years of longitudinal data from the Swedish National Registries, in a sample of over 1.5 million people, to look at the prospective relationships between PTSD and DUD, and vice versa. We found evidence for bidirectional risk such that having one disorder increased the future risk for the other disorder, although the effect sizes were higher for PTSD’s risk on future DUD, and some patterns differed by sex.
Caresses, whispers and affective faces: A theoretical framework for a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying ASMR and affective touch

Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) and affective touch (AT) are two phenomena that have been independently investigated from separate lines of research. In this article, I provide a unified theoretical framework for understanding and studying them as complementary processes. I highlight their shared biological basis and positive effects on emotional and psychophysiological regulation. Drawing from evolutionary and developmental theories, I propose that ASMR results from the development of biological mechanisms associated with early affiliative behaviour and self‐regulation, similar to AT. I also propose a multimodal interoceptive mechanism underlying both phenomena, suggesting that different sensory systems could specifically respond to affective stimulation (caresses, whispers and affective faces), where the integration of those inputs occurs in the brain's interoceptive hubs, allowing physiological regulation. The implications of this proposal are discussed with a view to future research that jointly examines ASMR and AT, and their potential impact on improving emotional well‐being and mental health.
Introduction: The Technology and Policy of Hydraulic Fracturing and Potential Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Development

The development of large-scale shale gas production has been described as a game-changer for the US energy market and has generated interest in expanding the use of natural gas in sectors such as electricity generation and transportation. This development has been made possible by improvements in drilling technologies—specifically utilizing hydraulic fracturing in conjunction with horizontal drilling—that have enabled the production of natural gas from unconventional formations. However, the environmental implications of natural gas production and its use have been called into question. Environmental impacts associated with shale gas development can occur at the global and local levels and include impacts to climate, local air quality, water availability, water quality, seismic events, and the local community. A variety of technologies and practices are available to operators to reduce these impacts. Policies are currently under development at the federal, state, and local level to mitigate environmental impacts. In this document, we discuss the technologies involved in shale gas production, the potential abiotic impacts of shale gas production with an emphasis on air and water issues, and the practices and policies currently being developed and implemented to mitigate these impacts.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ITS RELEVANCES FOR URBAN POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES IN VIETNAM

During the process of its socio-economic development, Vietnam has been achieving the remarkable successes in poverty reduction, and the economic growth that is recognized by the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the international communities. However, the fast industrialization and urbanization are attracting the increasing inflow of rural migrants to urban areas. Besides that, the government announces the new poverty line, therefore, causing the rising urban poverty rate from 10 percent to 15 percent in 2010 by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. In despite of a large number of theoretical contributions to the poverty reduction, it seems have a weak understanding of the urban poverty reduction, particularly in the two bigger cities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, the dissertation intends to explore and examine the connectivity between the government, the entrepreneurs, and the poor regarding the urban poverty reduction. But before that, urban poverty reduction in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City is investigated to look for the existing challenges that the two bigger cities have been facing to combine the policies and its implementation during its process of the urban poverty reduction. Hence, an explorative mixed research approach is designed and applied. A theoretical framework is built; key actors and their roles are analyzed, based on the empirical data collected from the private and public sectors.
Mechanisms of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Steatotic Liver Diseases

The steatotic diseases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease and chronic Hepatitis C account for the majority of liver disease prevalence, morbidity and mortality worldwide. While these diseases have distinct pathogenic and clinical features, dysregulated lipid droplet (LD) organelle biology represents a convergence of pathogenesis in all three. With increasing understanding of hepatocyte LD biology, we now understand the roles of LD proteins involved in these diseases but also how genetics modulate LD biology to either exacerbate or protect against the phenotypes associated with steatotic liver diseases. Here, we review the history of the LD organelle and its biogenesis and catabolism. We also review how this organelle is critical not only for the steatotic phenotype of liver diseases but also for their advanced phenotypes. Finally, we summarize the latest attempts and challenges of leveraging LD biology for therapeutic gain in steatotic diseases. In conclusion, the study of dysregulated LD biology may lead to novel therapeutics for the prevention of disease progression in the highly prevalent steatotic liver diseases of MASLD, ALD and HCV.
Comparing the safety and efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in elderly (>60 years) with severe obesity: an umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Today, bariatric surgeons face the challenge of treating older adults with class III obesity. The indications and outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) versus sleeve gastrectomy (SG) also constitute a controversy. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched to retrieve systematic reviews/meta-analyses published by 1 March 2022. The selected articles were qualitatively evaluated using A Measurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Results: An umbrella review included six meta-analyses retrieved from the literature. The risk of early-emerging and late-emerging complications decreased by 55% and 41% in the patients underwent SG than in those receiving RYGB, respectively. The chance of the remission of hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea, respectively increased by 43% and 6%, but type-2 diabetes mellitus decreased by 4% in the patients underwent RYGB than in those receiving SG. RYGB also increased excess weight loss by 15.23% in the patients underwent RYGB than in those receiving SG. Conclusion: Lower levels of mortality and early-emerging and late-emerging complications were observed in the older adults undergoing SG than in those receiving RYGB, which was, however, more efficient in term of weight loss outcomes and recurrence of obesity-related diseases
Lunar basins: tentative characterization of projectiles, from meteoritic elements in Apollo 17 boulders.

The ancient meteoritic components are considered, taking into account the significance of high siderophile abundances in highland rocks. Because this component occurs in breccias which have remained closed systems for at least 3.9 aeons, it can properly be called an ancient meteoritic component. It appears that the ancient meteoritic bodies represent a distinct population, different from present-day meteorites. Attention is given to the assignment of the lunar meteorite groups to individual basins and to the origin of basin-forming objects.
In vitro potency of xeruborbactam in combination with multiple β-lactam antibiotics in comparison with other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) combinations against carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales

ABSTRACT Recently, several β-lactam (BL)/β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) combinations have entered clinical testing or have been marketed for use, but limited direct comparative studies of their in vitro activity exist. Xeruborbactam (XER, also known as QPX7728), which is undergoing clinical development, is a cyclic boronate BLI with potent inhibitory activity against serine (serine β-lactamase) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). The objectives of this study were (i) to compare the potency and spectrum of β-lactamase inhibition by various BLIs in biochemical assays using purified β-lactamases and in microbiological assays using the panel of laboratory strains expressing diverse serine and metallo-β-lactamases and (ii) to compare the in vitro potency of XER in combination with multiple β-lactam antibiotics to that of other BL/BLI combinations in head-to-head testing against recent isolates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of XER combinations were tested with XER at fixed 4 or 8 µg/mL, and MIC testing was conducted in a blinded fashion using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute reference methods. Xeruborbactam and taniborbactam (TAN) were the only BLIs that inhibited clinically important MBLs. The spectrum of activity of xeruborbactam included several MBLs identified in Enterobacterales, e.g., and various IMP enzymes and NDM-9 that were not inhibited by taniborbactam. Xeruborbactam potency against the majority of purified β-lactamases was the highest in comparison with other BLIs. Meropenem-xeruborbactam (MEM-XER, fixed 8 µg/mL) was the most potent combination against MBL-negative CRE with MIC90 values of 0.125 µg/mL. MEM-XER and cefepime-taniborbactam (FEP-TAN) were the only BL/BLIs with activity against MBL-producing CREs; with MEM-XER (MIC90 of 1 µg/mL) being at least 16-fold more potent than FEP-TAN (MIC90 of 16 µg/mL). MEM-XER MIC values were ≤8 µg/mL for >90% of CRE, including both MBL-negative and MBL-positive isolates, with FEP-TAN MIC of >8 µg/mL. Xeruborbactam also significantly enhanced potency of other β-lactam antibiotics, including cefepime, ceftolozane, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, piperacillin, and ertapenem, against clinical isolates of Enterobacterales that carried various class A, class C, and class D extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, including metallo-β-lactamase-producing isolates. These results strongly support further clinical development of xeruborbactam combinations.
A plate tectonics oddity: Caterpillar-walk exhumation of subducted continental crust

Since plate tectonics began on Earth, grandiose “subduction factories” have continually shaped the continents, accreting continental blocks and new crust at the convergent plate boundaries. An enigmatic product of subduction factories is the high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic crustal rocks, regurgitated to Earth’s surface, sometimes from depths as great as 200 km. The Aegean backarc domain comprises two continental blocks that underwent HP metamorphism during the subduction of the African plate. Here, we use thermomechanical numerical simulations to show that subduction of small continental-lithosphere blocks separated by oceanic domains induces variations in the slab buoyancy, giving rise to episodic rollback-exhumation cycles. The single, self-consistent numerical model successfully reproduces the major structural patterns and pressure-temperature-time paths of HP rocks across the Aegean. We suggest that the “caterpillar walk” of exhuming HP rock units, revealed by our simulations, is a fundamental mechanism behind HP exhumation globally.
Depth map from a sequence of two monocular images

Depth map recovery is one of the central tasks in active vision systems. In many applications such as path planning and collision avoidance, there is a clear need for obtaining a coarse depth map of the environment in a reasonable amount of time. Traditionally, stereo vision techniques have been used for depth map recovery. Such methods require that features are first found and then correctly corresponded between two images. However, in real images, stereo vision techniques not only are computationally time consuming but also suffer from errors in feature detection and correspondence. This paper describes the theory and implementation issues of depth map recovery from a sequence of two monocular images without prior knowledge of the involved motion. Our technique does not use either optical flow or feature correspondence. Instead, the spatio-temporal gradients of the input intensity images are used directly. The experimental results of implementing this method on real images are presented. Furthermore, important implementation issues such as detecting and correcting depth map flaws are discussed and techniques for overcoming such practical problems are described and tested. We also investigate the influence of subsampling on the quality of the recovered depth maps and introduce some more sophisticated techniques.
Lung mechanics showing sex‐based differences and circadian time‐of‐day response to bleomycin‐induced lung injury in mice

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease that impairs lung mechanical properties due to dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling. Lung function assessment is an important physiological endpoint in the mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) that has gained a broader scientific acceptance in the field. IPF pathophysiology shows sex‐based differences, disproportionately affecting more men compared to women. Prior reports suggest that the circadian clock is perturbed during the pathogenesis of PF. We have comprehensively assessed the sex‐based differences and time‐of‐day response (at Zeitgeber time: ZT0/6:00 a.m. or ZT12/6 p.m.) in lung mechanics among sham (control) versus bleomycin (BLM)‐challenged female and male (C57BL/6: WT) mice using Flexi‐vent. BLM challenge altered lung function significantly in males in both total lung (reduced dynamic compliance, and increased resistance and elastance) as well as lung tissue‐specific parameters (increased tissue elastance and tissue damping) but less pronounced in females. BLM‐challenged mice showed a time‐of‐day response in lung function at ZT0 versus ZT12, which was pronounced in the ZT0 BLM group. Overall, these findings provide a comprehensive analysis of altered lung function in female and male mice and the time‐of‐day difference in lung function parameters following BLM‐induced lung fibrosis.
Spatial variability in terrestrial fauna surveys; a case study from the goldfields of Western Australia

Although spatial variability in fauna assemblages has been discussed in the literature for many decades, terrestrial fauna surveys undertaken to support environmental impact assessments (EIAs) in Western Australia (WA) rarely adequately address this issue when undertaking surveys of the terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems. The specific objective of this investigation was to describe the spatial variability in the trapped terrestrial vertebrate fauna for five vegetation assemblages in the semi-arid northern goldfields region of WA. The trapped terrestrial vertebrate assemblage differed significantly among replicate sites in both the composition and relative abundance in each of the five habitats. A high proportion of species trapped were singletons and doubletons, and many species demonstrated a patchy distribution within habitats. Both of these parameters provide a strong case for addressing spatial diversity in terrestrial fauna surveys undertaken to support EIAs.
Land cover changes assessment using object‐based image analysis in the Binah River watershed (Togo and Benin)

In this study, land cover changes between 1972 and 2013 were investigated in the Binah River watershed (North of Togo and Benin) using remote sensing and geographic information system technologies. Multitemporal satellite images—Landsat MSS (1972), TM (1987), and OLI‐TIRS (2013)—were processed using object‐based image analysis and post–classification comparison methods including landscape metrics and changes trajectories analysis. Land cover maps referring to five main land cover classes, namely, agricultural land, forest land, savannah, settlements, and water bodies, were produced for each acquisition date. The overall accuracies were 76.64% (1972), 83.52% (1987), and 88.84% (2013) with respective Kappa statistics of 0.69, 0.78, and 0.86. The assessment of the spatiotemporal pattern of land cover changes indicates that savannah, the main vegetation type, has undergone the most dominant change, decreasing from 67% of the basin area in 1972 to 56% in 1987 and 33% in 2013. At the same time, agricultural land has significantly increased from 15% in 1972 to 24% in 1987 and 43% in 2013, while some proportions of agricultural land were converted to savannah relating to fallow agriculture. In total, more than 55% of the landscape experienced changes between 1972 and 2013. These changes are primarily due to human activities and population growth. In addition, agricultural activities significantly contributed to the increase in the number of patches, degree of division, and splitting index of forest and savannah vegetations and the decrease in their effective mesh sizes. These results indicate further fragmentation of forest and savannah vegetations between 1972 and 2013. Further research is needed to quantitatively evaluate the influences of individual factors of human activities and to separate these from the impacts of climate change‐driven disturbances.
Seismic scaling exponents as a tool in detecting stress corrosion crack growth leading to the September–October 1989 flank eruption at Mt. Etna Volcano

The September–October 1989 flank eruption at Mt. Etna marked a change in the recent eruptive style of the volcano. Seismicity, at mid (order of months) and short (order of days) time, preceding the eruption onset has been analysed by means of D (scaling exponent), inferred from the seismic b value, that represents the scaling exponent of fracture length distribution. Time evolution of D preceding the eruption onset revealed: a general increase of D (9 to 4 months prior the eruption onset), intermittent rates of D decreases and increases (4 to 1 month), steady values of D (1 month) and sharp decreases of D marking the eruption onset. Integration of these results with ground deformation data reveals that at Mt. Etna stress corrosion crack growth, enhanced by fresh magma arrival, is a plausible mechanism for weakening the country rock, by promoting crack growth and the coalescence of major faults.
Therapeutic treatment strategies for the management of onychomycosis: a patent perspective

ABSTRACT Introduction Onychomycosis, a multifactorial fungal infection of the nails, shows a global prevalence of about 5.5% and is responsible for 50% of all nail infections. To develop effective management strategies, it is necessary to understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors of onychomycosis. Oral route of drug delivery is one of the routes utilized to deliver anti-fungal agents, but, has its own limitations like longer duration of treatment, increased adverse effects, and potential for drug interaction. The ungual route has received greater attention due to its localized, non- invasive action and improved patient compliance. Areas covered This review comprehensively discusses conventional onychomycosis therapies and patented novel drug delivery systems for the management of onychomycosis including chemical permeation enhancers, non-particulate drug delivery systems, penetration enhancing devices etc., Databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Patents were searched by using the keywords onychomycosis and trans-ungual drug delivery Expert opinion Enormous research has been conducted and is still ongoing to find the best possible novel drug delivery system for onychomycosis management. Approaches like incorporation of herbal constituents in nano-formulations, inkjet printing, laser devices, iontophoretic techniques, etc. can be employed to make safe and effective drug delivery systems which are regulatory compliant.