Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Addressing Food Insecurity and Climate Change in Malaysia: Current Evidence and Ways Forward

www.mjms. usm.my © Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2022 This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 1 To cite this article: Mahmood J, Rajaram NN, Guinto RR. Addressing food insecurity and climate change in Malaysia: current evidence and ways forward. Malays J Med Sci. 2022;29(6):1–5. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2022.29. 6.1
Multipolar Bubbles and Jets in Low-Excitation Planetary Nebulae: Toward a New Understanding of the Formation and Shaping of Planetary Nebulae

First results from a Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Hα imaging survey of young planetary nebulae (PNs) are reported. The PNs have been selected on the basis of their low excitation characteristics. All objects imaged so far show highly aspherical morphology, with a majority characterized by multipolar bubbles distributed roughly point-symmetrically around the central star. In some objects, bipolar ansae or collimated radial structures are seen, indicating the presence of jets, whereas in others bright structures near the minor axes indicate the presence of disks or torii. The complexity, organization, and symmetry of the above structures lead us to propose that the primary agent for shaping PNs is high-speed collimated outflows or jets that operate during the late asymptotic galactic branch (AGB) and/or early post-AGB evolutionary phase, and not a preexisting equatorial density enhancement as envisioned in the currently popular model. These outflows carve out a complex imprint within an intrinsically spherical AGB circumstellar envelope (CSE). Subsequent expansion of a hot, tenuous stellar wind from the post-AGB star inside the imprinted AGB CSE then produces the observed PN, whose shape and structure depend in detail on how the characteristics of the jets change with time.
English Language Learning Using Literary Texts in the Virtual 3D Space of the MaxWhere Seminar System

Through this paper, we will provide a brief overview of the 3D virtual library project and a more detailed review of its current application for English language learning. The implementation of the library project makes use of the innovative 3D presentation features of the MaxWhere Seminar System. As an innovative application of the project, we compiled a bilingual learning material for Hungarian students to improve their language skills and competence in English at an advanced level. The complex structure and organization of the learning material is based partially on the hypertextual relationships between entries of selected keywords containing various contexts from different works of world literature. We developed the learning material taking into careful consideration the appropriate characteristics of the hyperlink structure. Our basic hypothesis was that if the bilingual learning material is organized as a more or less scale-free network of interconnected nodes, this might or would result in an optimized and efficient knowledge transfer in the learning process. After the first version of the material had been completed, we wanted to evaluate the overall difficulty of the material. As such, we were using the Google Translate (GT) service to check the proper understanding of a set of selected English language phrases and sentences through their Hungarian translations provided by GT. As a result, we created a more or less scale-free learning material whose linguistic content has been properly checked.
The Natural Distribution of Radiocarbon and the Exchange Time of Carbon Dioxide Between Atmosphere and Sea

Steady-state equations governing the transfer and distribution of a radioactive isotope between its various exchange reservoirs are applied to the natural distribution of carbon 14. The radiocarbon enrichment or depletion in each reservoir, relative to the hypothetical state in which mixing is infinitely faster than the decay rate, is evaluated as a quantitative function of the exchange rates between the reservoirs. From the observed distribution of C 12 , C 13 , and C 14 in the atmosphere, biosphere, and sea, and from the estimated production rate of C 14 by cosmic rays, the residence time of a carbon dioxide molecule in the atmosphere, before entering the sea, is found to be between four and ten years. The atmospheric residence time may also be evaluated, independently of the estimated C 14 production rate, by considering the functional dependence of the C 14 concentration in the oceanic mixed layer on the residence times in the atmosphere and the deep sea. This second method of evaluation also leads to an atmospheric residence time of about seven years. The average annual exchange flux of carbon dioxide into the sea is thus about 2 times 10 −2 moles per square centimeter of sea surface. The average residence time of carbon dioxide in the deep sea is estimated as probably not more than about 500 years. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957. tb01848.x
Beyond basic research: the contribution of cathepsin B to cancer development, diagnosis and therapy

ABSTRACT Introduction In view of other candidate proteins from the cathepsin family of proteases holding great potential in being targeted during cancer therapy, the importance of Cathepsin B (CtsB) stands out as being truly exceptional. Based on its contribution to oncogenesis, its intimate connection with regulating apoptosis and modulating extracellular and intracellular functions through its secretion or compartmentalized subcellular localization, collectively highlight its complex molecular involvement with a myriad of normal and pathological regulatory processes. Despite its complex functional nature, CtsB is emerging as one of the few cathepsin proteases that has been extensively researched to yield tangible outcomes for cancer therapy. Areas covered In this article, we review the scientific literature that has justified or shaped the importance of CtsB expression in cancer progression, from the perspective of highlighting a paradigm that is rapidly changing from basic research toward a broader clinical and translational context. Expert opinion In doing so, we detail its maturation as a diagnostic marker through describing the development of CtsB-specific Activity-Based Probes, the rapid evolution of these toward a new generation of Prodrugs, and the evaluation of these in model systems for their therapeutic potential as anti-cancer agents in the clinic.
Study of the Superfluid Transition in Two-Dimensional He-4 Films

We have studied the superfluid transition of a thin two-dimensional helium film adsorbed on an oscillating substrate. The superfluid mass and dissipation when analyzed in terms of the dynamic theory of Ambegaokar, Halperin, Nelson, and Siggia support the Kosterlitz-Thouless picture of the phase transition in a two-dimensional superfluid. The value for the jump in the superfluid density at the transition given by Kosterlitz and Thouless, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{s}({{T}_{c}}^{\ensuremath{-}})=8\ensuremath{\pi}{k}_{\mathrm{B}}{(\frac{m}{h})}^{2}{T}_{c}$, is in good agreement with estimates from experiment.
Tunable Dispersion and Supercontinuum Generation in Disordered Glass-Air Anderson Localization Fiber

In this paper, we discuss chromatic dispersion properties of transverse Anderson localization optical fiber (TALOF) and their implications on broad band supercontinuum (SC) generation. Our dispersion study reveals a clear correlation between the Anderson localization length and the dispersion properties of highly localized TALOF modes. We demonstrate that the zero dispersion wavelength can be tuned over more than 300 nm within the same fiber by selected excitation of specific modes. We exploit this unique TALOF property, which we validated with rigorous finite-element modeling, to generate multi octave spanning SC ranging from 460–1750 nm, highlighting the great potential of disordered Anderson localization fibers for nonlinear applications.
Prediction of Customer Review's Helpfulness Based on Feature Engineering Driven Deep Learning Model

Online consumer reviews play a pivotal role in boosting online shopping. After Covid-19, the e-commerce industry has been grown exponentially. The e-commerce industry is greatly impacted by the online customer reviews, and a lot of work has been done in this regard to identify the usefulness of reviews for purchasing online products. In this proposed work, predicting helpfulness is taken as binary classification problem to identify the helpfulness of a review in context to structural, sentimental, and voting feature sets. In this study, the authors implemented various leading ML algorithms such as KNN, LR, GNB, LDA and CNN. In comparison to these algorithms and other existing state of art methods, CNN yielded better classification results, achieving highest accuracy of 95.27%. Besides, the performance of these models was also assessed in terms of precision, recall, F1 score, etc. The results shown in this paper demonstrate that proposed model will help the producers or service providers to improve and grow their business.
The Promising Therapeutic Potential of Oligonucleotides for Pulmonary Fibrotic Diseases

ABSTRACT Introduction Fibrotic lung diseases represent a large subset of diseases with an unmet clinical need. Oligonucleotide therapies (ONT) are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary disease as they can inhibit pathways that are otherwise difficult to target. Additionally, targeting the lung specifically with ONT is advantageous because it reduces the possibilities of systemic side effects and tolerability concerns. Areas Covered This review presents the chemical basis of designing various ONTs currently known to treat fibrotic lung diseases. Further, the authors have also discussed the delivery vehicle, routes of administration, physiological barriers of the lung, and toxicity concerns with ONTs. Expert opinion ONTs provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases of the lung, particularly because ONTs directly delivered to the lung show little systemic side effects compared to current therapeutic strategies. Dry powder aerosolized inhalers may be a good strategy for getting ONTs into the lung in humans. However, as of now, no dry powder ONTs have been approved for use in the clinical setting, and this challenge must be overcome for future therapies. Various delivery methods that can aid in direct targeting may also improve the use of ONTs for lung fibrotic diseases.
PHOTOMETRY OF THREE PECULIAR A-TYPE STARS

Four-color (uvby) photoelectric observations have yielded provisional periods for three peculiar A-type stars. For 108 Aquarii, the period is 3d73 For HD 184905, the period is either 1d84 or 2d17, and for Ol Microscopii the most probable periods are 0d941 and 1d062 Key words: photometry - peculiar A-type stars
Augmentation Index in Patients with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: A Matched Case-Control Study

Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) may be associated with complications such as rupture and dissection, which can lead to a fatal outcome. Increased central arterial stiffness has been proposed to be present in patients with TAA compared to unmatched controls. We aimed to assess whether wall properties in patients with TAA are also altered when compared to a matched control group. Applanation tonometry was performed in 74 adults with TAA and 74 sex, age, weight, height, and left ventricular ejection fraction matched controls. Subsequently analysis of the pulse wave was done using the SphygmoCor System. For comparing the two groups, AIx was adjusted to a heart rate of 75/min (AIx@75). 148 1-to-1 matched participants were included in the final model. There was no significant difference in the Alx@75 between the TAA group and the matched control group [mean (SD) of 24.7 (11.2) % and 22.8 (11.2) %, p = 0.240]. Adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors, there was no association between TAA and AIx@75. Patients with TAA showed comparable arterial wall properties to cardiovascular risk factor matched controls. Since higher arterial stiffness is associated with TAA progression, it remains to be investigated if increased central arterial stiffness is a relevant factor of TAA emergence.
Validation of HPLC Method for Analysis of Gamma-Aminobutyric and Glutamic Acids in Plant Foods and Medicinal Plants

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system of mammals and plays an important role in the suppression of neurons’ excitability. GABA is formed from the decarboxylation of glutamic acid (Glu), and both GABA and Glu could be considered as important biologically active food components. In the current study, we validated a HPLC method for concomitant detection of GABA and Glu in plant samples after derivatization with dansyl chloride. The validated method had high precision and a high recovery rate and was successfully used for GABA and Glu quantification in 55 plant foods (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, pseudocereals, and nuts) and 19 medicinal plants. Vegetables were the most important dietary source of these amino acids, with the highest quantity of GABA found in potatoes—44.86 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW) and yellow cherry tomatoes—36.82 mg/100 g FW. The highest amount of Glu (53.58 mg/100 g FW) was found in red cherry tomatoes. Analyzed fruits were relatively poor in GABA and Glu, and European gooseberry was the richest fruit with 13.18 mg/100 g FW GABA and 10.95 mg/100 g FW Glu. Cereals, pseudocereals, nuts, and legumes contain much higher amounts of Glu than GABA. The obtained results enrich the available information on the content of gamma-aminobutyric and glutamic acids in plant foods and could be used for the development of GABA-enriched functional foods.
Physiologic Functions and Therapeutic Applications of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Brain Disorders

Accumulating data suggest that α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) are an important therapeutic target for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and schizophrenia. The homopentameric ligand-gated ion channel α7nAChR consists of five identical α7 subunits that are encoded by the CHRNA7 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha7 subunit) gene. Moreover, α7nAChRs are densely distributed throughout the hippocampus, cortex, and thalamus brain regions, but sparsely in the striatum, forebrain, and medulla. Compared with other nAChRs, α7nAChR binds with low affinity to the naturally occurring neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the non-specific exogenous agonist nicotine, and with high affinity to the specific antagonists α-bungarotoxin and methyllycaconitine. Reports indicate that α7nAChR plays important roles in neurotransmitter release, cognitive functioning, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response. Genetic variations that alter CHRNA7 mRNA and protein expression or cause α7nAChR dysfunction are associated with many brain disorders. Our previous studies revealed that α7nAChR exerts neuroprotection in AD by acting as a cargo receptor for binding the autophagosomal marker protein LC3 and engulfing extracellular neurotoxic Aβ1–42 during autophagic degradation of the α7nAChR-Aβ1–42 complex. However, the role of α7nAChRs in other diseases remains unknown. Here, we review and summarize the essential characteristics and current findings concerning α7nAChRs in four common brain diseases (AD, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and depression), which may elucidate the role of α7nAChRs and inform innovative research and novel treatments that target α7nAChRs in brain disease.
Automatic triangular mesh generation on surfaces of polyhedra

A triangular mesh generator, suitable for integral equation applications, is described. Given global coordinates of the vertices of the polyhedra and topological information (edge definition and face connectivity) a triangular mesh is produced over the surfaces of all the bodies. Mesh quality is controlled by integers specifying for each edge (a) the number of segments, (b) their sizing, and (c) triangle decay rate into contiguous faces. The number of segments can be increased in regions where highest accuracy is required. Their spacing may be made uniform, or can be concentrated toward either or both vertices defining an edge.
The Role of Foveal Cortex in Discriminating Peripheral Stimuli: The Sketchpad Hypothesis

Foveal (central) and peripheral vision are strongly interconnected to provide an integrated experience of the world around us. Recently, it has been suggested that there is a feedback mechanism that links foveal and peripheral vision. This peripheral-to-foveal feedback differs from other feedback mechanisms in that during visual processing a novel representation of a stimulus is formed in a different cortical region than that of the feedforward representation. The functional role of foveal feedback is not yet completely understood, but some evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests a link with peripheral shape processing. Behavioural and transcranial magnetic stimulation studies show impairment in peripheral shape discrimination when the foveal retinotopic cortex is disrupted post stimulus presentation. This review aims to link these findings to the visual sketchpad hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, foveal retinotopic cortex stores task-relevant information to aid identification of peripherally presented objects. We discuss how the characteristics of foveal feedback support this hypothesis and rule out other possible explanations. We also discuss the possibility that the foveal feedback may be independent of the sensory modality of the stimulation.
G106.3+2.7: A Supernova Remnant in a Late Stage of Evolution

We report on observations of the candidate supernova remnant (SNR) G106.3+2.7 with the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory's Synthesis Telescope in the continuum at both 408 and 1420 MHz and in the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen. The general morphology of the object and its spectral index (α ≈ 0.57 ± 0.04, where Sν ∝ ν-α) confirm it as an SNR. The object consists of two distinct components, the head and the tail. The tail component is of lower surface brightness and has a marginally steeper spectral index than the head component. A deficiency of neutral hydrogen at an LSR velocity of about -105 km s-1 is most likely due to the effect of the SNR, suggesting that the SNR is expanding at a velocity of about 15 km s -1, it is at a kinematic distance of 12 kpc, and its largest angular extent is of the order of 200 pc. These parameters are shown to be consistent with a dynamical model in which the SNR is in a very late stage of its isothermal evolution, where the pressure inside the SNR is approaching the pressure of the ambient interstellar medium. We also describe the H II region Sh 141, which is about 20′ north of G106.3+2.7.
Scintillation and transmitter-aperture averaging over vertical paths*

The scintillation (power fluctuations due to causes other than beam wandering) of laser beams directed upward through the atmosphere is analyzed as a function of turbulence profile, zenith angle, beam waist at the transmitter, and wave-front curvature at the transmitter. Turbulence at the tropopause significantly reduces transmitter- aperture-averaging effects for collimated beams. Defocused beams have greater scintillation (measured by Cl, the log-amplitude variance) than collimated beams, for the same beam waist at the transmitter, and over certain ranges of defocusing may scintillate more than a point source. The analysis also shows that focused beams may have significantly less scintillation than collimated beams with the same initial beam waist. Because this occurs only for focusing at or above the tropopause, all of the scintillation may be considered as averaged at the focal region, so that far-field receivers receive flux that has been averaged over all of the turbulence.
A spatial analogue of transient growth in plane Couette flow

The linear response of an inviscid two-dimensional Couette flow disturbed by a time-periodic forcing is studied under the assumption that the forcing is distributed along a straight line. When the forcing is tilted against the shear, the disturbance streamfunction and energy are shown to be locally amplified downstream of the source before decaying at large distance. This spatially localized amplification is interpreted as an analogue of the transient growth phenomenon studied in the context of unforced intial-value problems. The self-consistency of the linear approximation and the instability of the disturbance are also examined.
Factors Of Asset Formation On Individual Investment Accounts Of Private Investors

The paper is based on the results of the identification of clearly defined modern tendencies in the bond market development, the main of which is its computerization, which leaves an imprint on other tendencies in the development of not only the bond market, but also the financial market as a whole. Against the backdrop of the maximum interest rate on deposits declining over the studied period, the issue of choice, through the use of digital technologies, a more efficient option for investing money, ensuring the accumulation of savings and protecting them from inflation, is particularly acute. In order to determine the most effective factor in increasing income from investments in financial assets through individual investment accounts, a comparative assessment of the correlation between performance and factor indicators was carried out. It is found that the factors in the formation of property income in Russia in general and in the Chechen Republic have common characteristics. They consist of a weak relationship between the dividend income change and in the property income change. It is concluded that it is necessary to increase the assets, which are expressed in state and corporate debt tools, as the most effective aspect in the increase in the income of private investors from property at regional and federal levels.
Bipolarity in electrical conduction of transparent oxide semiconductor CuInO2 with delafossite structure

A transparent oxide semiconductor with delafossite structure, CuInO2, was found to exhibit both p-type and n-type conduction by doping of an appropriate impurity and tuning of proper film-deposition conditions. Thin films of Ca-doped or Sn-doped CuInO2 (optical band gap=∼3.9 eV) were prepared on α-Al2O3(001) single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition method. The films were deposited at 723 K in O2 atmosphere of 1.0 Pa for the Ca-doped films or 1.5 Pa for the Sn-doped films. The positive sign of the Seebeck coefficient demonstrated p-type conduction in the Ca-doped films, while the Seebeck coefficient of the Sn-doped films was negative indicating n-type conductivity. The electrical conductivities of Ca-doped and Sn-doped CuInO2 thin films were 2.8×10−3 S cm−1 and 3.8×10−3 S cm−1, respectively, at 300 K.
Inhibited coupling hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

We review the recent progress on the enhanced inhibited coupling in kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber by introducing negative curvature in the fiber-core shape. We show that increasing the hypocycloid contour curvature leads to a dramatic decrease in transmission loss and optical overlap with the silica surround and to a single modedness. Fabricated hypocycloid-core hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with a transmission loss in the range of 20-40 dB/km and for a spectral range of 700 nm-2000 nm have now become typical.