Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Promoting Cancer Screening: Lessons Learned and Future Directions for Research and Practice

Received April 22, 2004; revision received May 4, 2004; accepted May 21, 2004. Behaviors associated with cancer screening have been the focus of intensive research over the past 2 decades, primarily in the form of intervention trials to improve screening based in both clinical and community settings. Meta-analyses and literature reviews have synthesized and organized the resulting literature. From the accumulated work, this review distilled lessons learned from cancer screening intervention research in community settings. The authors posed the question, “What do we know about the development of effective community-based interventions (the level of good over harm achieved in real-world conditions)? ” Framed around the concept of focal points (the simultaneous combination of target population, behavioral objective, and setting for an intervention), 13 lessons were derived. One lesson was cross-cutting, and the other lessons addressed the three focal-point components and the major intervention categories (access-enhancing strategies, mass media, small media, one-on-one and small-group education, and combinations of these categories). To build more systematically on existing research, recommendations are made for new directions in basic behavioral and intervention research. Cancer 2004;101(5 Suppl):1146 – 64. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Performance and Energy Aware Workload Partitioning on Heterogeneous Platforms

Heterogeneous platforms which employ a mix of CPUs and accelerators such as GPUs have been widely used in the high-performance computing area [1]. Such heterogeneous platforms have the potential to offer higher performance at lower energy cost than homogeneous platforms. However, it is rather challenging to actually achieve the high performance and energy efficiency promised by heterogeneous platforms. The main difficulty is that the processors in heterogeneous systems usually feature distinct characteristics, which is not presented in homogeneous platforms. This difficulty brings two main challenges that prevent achieving the promised performance and energy efficiency. One main challenge is the efficient utilization of the different types of processors in heterogeneous platforms. Many studies [2], [3], [4] have been done to increase the processor utilization of heterogeneous platforms. However, this type of work assumes that workload has already been implemented or requires online profiling information. The second main challenge is the large cost in design time to partition workload for heterogeneous platform. Numerous efforts [5], [6], [7] have been made in automatic workload partitioning on heterogeneous platforms. However, these efforts only consider workload partitioning via data partitioning (DP). Workload here refers to the amount of computation (measured by flops) and memory traffic (measured by bytes) to be executed at the algorithmic level. Judicious code partitioning (CP) between distinct processors has been shown to be able to achieve better performance/energy than DP for running workloads on heterogenous platforms [8]. An example is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The CP-based implementation maps the vector addition and power operations in all iterations onto the CPU and GPU, respectively. The DP-based implementation maps the iterations (i.e., dataset size) evenly onto the CPU and GPU based on the CPU and GPU performance. The results of running these two implementations on two heterogeneous platforms indicate that CP can have better performance than DP but using different combinations of CPU and GPU also impacts this observation. To help developers consider both DP and CP for workload partitioning in design time with affordable cost, my thesis research aims to develop a lightweight tool to help developers partition workload and select appropriate workload partition (WP).
Hierarchical Portfolio Management: Theory and Applications

textabstractUnder his own preference, how should an investor coordinate the asset managers such that his aggregated portfolio is optimized? The efficiency of each managed sub portfolio and the aggregation of all the sub portfolios are the 2 main underlying problems considered in this dissertation. Contrary to popular believes, the tracking error volatility (TEV) optimization, commonly used to find the optimal active portfolio, often yields inferior portfolio choices. The results in this dissertation together with those in Jagannathan and Ma (2003) underscore how effective simple portfolio optimization techniques can be. In aggregating all the sub portfolios, the investor’s choice is limited if the managers only report the local optimal portfolio. Since the reported portfolios are the result of a stand-alone optimization within the sub portfolio while disregarding all the rest, each reported portfolio can only be optimal locally. A rational investor should and must demand for more choices than the locally optimal choice alone. Using simple examples in the single and multi period setting, this dissertation illustrates how significant the improvement in aggregated portfolio performance can be, both in terms of expectation as well as realization. Given the insufficiency of the TEV optimization, the inherent question is whether the active performance measures like the information ratio still suffice in judging a manager’s performance. As it turns out, the investor should be very careful when applying the active performance measures. Preferably, the Sharpe ratio should be used to judge the added value of a manager to the aggregated portfolio.
Carotid artery intima‐media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis

In recent years, the possibility of measuring vessel wall abnormalities using ultrasound images has gained increasing interest. In particular, ultrasonographic B-mode measurement of the thickness of the wall of major arteries has shown to be feasible. Bmode imaging of the carotid artery is currently used in several population-based epidemiological studies [14]. In addition, this technique is advocated and used in trials to assess the efficacy of certain interventions to regress atherosclerosis [5, 61. Not only is the method noninvasive, imaging of the vessel wall rather than the lumen permits the evaluation of early disease or advanced disease of the arterial wall that does not yet obstruct the lumen [7]. The use of this approach to assess the presence and progression of atherosclerosis noninvasively in large groups of subjects, with and without symptomatic cardiovascular disease, has opened up ways in which to shed light on the factors that promote atherosclerotic vessel disease and lead to ischaemic complications [8]. However, the potential of ultrasound measurements of wall thickness relies on certain assumptions, some of which have been tested in studies and others that remain speculative. One assumption is that the technique is sufficiently precise and reproducible. A second assumption is that the images provide valid assessments of the disorder of interest, e.g. atherosclerosis. Finally, increases in wall thickness should be related to subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality to make the measurement useful in longitudinal studies as an intermediate or ‘surrogate ’ end-point for disease. This paper discusses the data supporting the use of ultrasonographically measured intima-media thickness of the major arteries, and in particular of the carotid artery, for visualizing and monitoring atherosclerosis. To illustrate these issues, experience is drawn from the Rotterdam Study [4]. In particular, the question is addressed of whether it is important that common carotid intima-media thickness directly measures local atherosclerosis or may merely (but usefully) function as a quantitative indicator of generalized atherosclerosis.
AVIAN INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS (IBV): EFFECT OF VACCINE DOSES ON MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSES AND PROTECTION AFTER CHALLENGE IN CHICKENS

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Performance of Molecular Inversion Probes (MIP) in Allele Copy Number Determination

We have developed a new protocol for using Molecular Inversion Probes (MIP) to accurately and specifically measure allele copy number (ACN). The new protocol provides for significant improvements including the reduction of input DNA (from 2? g) by more than 25 fold (to 75ng total genomic DNA), higher overall precision resulting in one order of magnitude lower false positive rate, and greater dynamic range with accurate absolute copy number up to 60 copies.
A Pilot Study on the Use of Alprazolam-Assisted Exposure and Response Prevention in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a behavior disorder characterized by recurrent. intense thoughts and repetitive. ritualistic acts. Treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder typically consist of either exposure and response prevention or pharmacotherapy. particularly benzodiazepines. Combinations of these two types of treatment could lead to three possible outcomes. First. the combination of exposure and response prevention and benzodiazepines may show no better results than exposure and response prevention alone. Second. combination therapy may result in a better effect than exposure and response prevention alone--the drug will decrease anxiety during exposure without increasing the relapse rate after treatment. Third. combination therapy could have worse effects than exposure and response prevention alone by increasing the rate of relapse through state-dependent learning--Iearning occurring during the drugged state does not transfer to the non-drugged state. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the combination of exposure and response prevention with the benzodiazepine alprazolam using a single-subject design. This design alternated between exposure and response prevention plus alprazolam and exposure and response prevention alone. The results of this study show that the alprazolam condition did not differ from the placebo condition. suggesting that alprazolam did not function effectively to reduce the subject's anxiety. 3 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder A Pilot Study on the Use of Alprazolam-Assisted Exposure and Response Prevention in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% (Robins, Helzer. & Weissman. 1984). This estimate is much higher than previous estimates, indicating that OCD is almost three times more prevalent than schizophrenia (Greist. 1990a). As such a common disorder. it is surprising to note that until the last decade, most treatments for OCD have been largely ineffective (Jenfke. 1983). OCD treatment was greatly advanced with the introduction of the behavioral technique exposure and response prevention (Boersma. Den Hengst, Dekker, & Emmelkamp. 1976; Perse. 1988; G-reist, 1990a, 1990b) and various pharmacotherapy techniques, most notably clomipramine (Greist, et a1. 1990; Trimble. 1990). Unfortunately. not all obsessive compulsives benefit from either of these two treatments; further research is warranted to discover a treatment method that will help all OCD patients. Obsessive compulsive disorder affects men and women approximately equally (Jenike. 1983; Rasmussen & Tsuang, 1984) with 60-65% of patients exhibiting an onset of the disorder before age 25 (Jenike, 1983; Perse. 1988; Rasmussen & Tsuang. 1984). In about 60% of OCD cases. an identifiable precipitant has been noted; the most common of these precipitants are pregnancy and childbirth, sexual components. and death of a loved one. Although the course of the disorder was previously viewed
The Role of APACHE-II Score in Predicting Acinetobacter baumannii Colonization/Infection and Its Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern in Indonesian Teaching Hospital

Background: A first precautionary action against Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumanii) can be conducted by identifying well-established risk factors of colonization/infection of that pathogen, such as underlying severity of illness. There are hardly any studies regarding the role of APACHE-II score in predicting risk of A.baumannii colonization/infection in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, case control investigation was performed with medical and microbiology records of ICU patients in an Indonesian Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014. Results: There were 39 patients with A.baumannii colonization/infection and 59 patients with non-A.baumannii colonization/infection enrolled in this study. Patients with A.baumannii colonization/infection had a significantly higher APACHE II score than non-Acinetobacter group, 25.7 and 23.1 (p=0.038), respectively. APACHE II score ≥ 23 had 74.4% sensitivity and 50.8 specificity to A.baumannii colonization/infection [odd ratio (OR) 3.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-7.24, p=0.013], on the other hand APACHE II ≥ 27 had a 53.8% sensitivity and 78.0% specificity (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.57-8.95, p=0.002). The highest susceptibility level of antibiotics against A.baumannii in this study was shown by tigecycline (82.1%) and amikacin (84.6%). Conclusions: APACHE-II score was strongly correlated with A.baumannii colonization/infection and a cut-off value of APACHE II score ≥ 23 may be used to depict increased moderate risk of A.baumannii colonization/infection. While the use carbapenem against A. baumannii infection was not recommended, tigecycline and amikacin may be considered as antibiotics of choice in treating A.baumannii infection in our hospital setting.
Investment in Wind Power and Pumped Storage in a Real Options Model - A Policy Analysis

Promoting renewable energy has been a key ingredient in energy policy seeking to de-carbonize the energy mix and will continue to do so in the future given the European Union's high ambitions to further curb carbon emissions. A wide range of instruments has been suggested and implemented in various countries of the EU. A prominent policy promoting investment in renewable technologies is the use of feed-in tariffs, which has worked well at large scale in e.g. Germany, but which has only been implemented in a very limited way in countries such as the UK. Being subject to environmental uncertainties, however, renewables cannot be seen in isolation: while renewables-based technologies such as wind and solar energy, for example, suffer from uncertain loads depending on environmental conditions, hydropower allows for the storage of water for release at peak prices, which can be treated as a premium (partially) offsetting higher up-front investment costs. In addition, electricity prices will respond to changes in electric capacity in the market, which is often neglected in standard investment models of the electricity sector. This paper contributes to the existing literature of real options approaches to electricity investment by investigating the specific characteristics of renewables and their associated uncertainties in a stylized setting taking explicitly into account market effects of investment decisions. The prices of the model are determined endogenously by the supply of electricity in the market and by exogenous electricity price uncertainty. The inclusion of market effects allows us to capture the full impact of public incentives for companies to invest into particular technologies.
The effect of Stalosan F on selected poultry parasites

Summary Production losses are significantly higher in free-range table egg production systems compared to conventional intensive indoor production systems. No methodical analysis of the cause of the higher morbidity and mortality is available at present. However, investigations have shown that infe-tions with intestinal roundworms such as Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria obsignata are more prevalent in free-range production systems. These infections might cause production losses in the range of 10-20% due to impaired feed conversion, reduced growth and egg production, and increased mortality. The potentially high level of disease in the organic production of broilers and eggs for consumption, together with anthelmintic regulations in force, show a marked need for alternative methods of parasite control in organic poultry production. The aim of this study was to examine whether Stalosan F could be an alternative or supplement in the control of selected endoparasites in poultry. Three experiments were conducted to examine the effect of Stalosan F on A. galli, H. gallinarum and C. obsignata eggs under in vitro and in vivo conditions. In short, the results suggest that Stalosan F does have a sublethal effect on these parasite eggs. Under laboratory conditions eggs treated with Stalosan F showed less ability to develop into infective stages and establish in subsequently experimentally infected chickens. Under field conditions, an area heavily contaminated with A. galli, H. gallinarum and C. obsignata eggs, was divided into two pens. One pen was treated with Stalosan F after which tracer animals were inserted into both pens. Tracer animals from the Stalosan F treated pen, were found to harbour significantly fewer adult worms than the chickens from the untreated pen. However, no differences were found between the two groups in the total number of worms (larvae and adults) recovered. It therefore seems that the development from larvae to adult worm was arrested by the use of Stalosan F. This could be of importance to the epidemiology of the worms, since it would decrease the reproduction rate of the worms hereby reducing the number of parasite eggs in the pen. Based on these results it seems that regular use of Stalosan F in free-range poultry production systems may reduce the infectivity of A. galli, H. gallinarum and C. obsignata eggs.
SparkTree: Push the Limit of Tree Ensemble Learning

Decision trees, when combined with different loss functions and ensemble techniques, are widely used in web applications such as document ranking in web search and click prediction in ads targeting. Therefore, there is an increasing motivation on an integrated framework that supports all loss functions and all ensemble techniques instead of each with a separated system. The web-scale training is challenging because of big data that has hundreds of millions of samples and each sample with thousands of features, and big model in which thousands of trees are fitted and each tree has hundreds of nodes. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for a scalable distributed learning system that exploits all dimensions of parallelism. However, widely used offers such as XGBoost and Spark MLlib are incomplete without the support of ranking such as LambdaMART, and without the support of the feature parallelism, they are not scalable to support a large number of features. Simply adding these supports does not meet the efficiency requirement needed to balance the training speed and accuracy. In this paper, we present SparkTree which seamlessly integrates all parallelism with completely new tradeoffs and presents a series of optimizations to improve training speed and accuracy. SparkTree has been evaluated against our production workloads against XGBoost and MLlib, the result indicates that SparkTree outperforms MLlib with a 8.3X-71.5X speed increase and outperforms XGBoost with speeds up to 11.8X. The effectiveness of the presented optimization has also been evaluated, with SparkTree outperforming MLLib with 7.70% AUC gain and outperforms XGBoost with 5.77% AUC gain.
Adaptation to cancer from an attachment theoretical perspective

De hechtingstheorie gaat ervan uit dat ervaringen met verzorgers in de kindertijd, een belangrijke rol spelen in het beeld dat personen van zichzelf (‘Ben ik het waard om van gehouden te worden en zorg te ontvangen? ’) en anderen (‘Zal de ander er voor me zijn wanneer ik hem of haar nodig heb? ’) hebben. Dit beeld van zichzelf en anderen oefent vervolgens invloed uit op hoe personen reageren op en omgaan met een stressvolle gebeurtenis. Personen die een negatief beeld van zichzelf en/of anderen hebben en er niet op durven te vertrouwen dat anderen er voor hen zullen zijn als dat nodig is (‘onveilig gehechte’ personen), zijn kwetsbaarder om een sterkere negatieve impact van een stressvolle gebeurtenis op hun leven te ervaren dan mensen die zich veilig voelen binnen relaties (‘veilig gehechte’ personen). In deze dissertatie beschrijven we ons onderzoek naar de rol die de hechtingsstijl van personen speelt in hoe zij omgaan met kanker. In de algemene introductie van deze dissertatie wordt de hechtingstheorie geintroduceerd. In de hoofdstukken die volgen, presenteren we onze studies naar verschillende aspecten van het proces van aanpassing aan kanker van onveilig en veilig gehechte personen. In het laatste hoofdstuk worden de belangrijkste resultaten van de verschillende studies samengevat, en bespreken we onze bevindingen en implicaties voor toekomstig onderzoek en de klinische praktijk. In alle hoofdstukken staan vignetten met voorbeelden van hoe personen met verschillende hechtingsstijlen, verschillende aspecten van hun ziekte zouden kunnen ervaren