Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Probing the Mysteries of Lignin Biosynthesis: The Crystal Structure of Caffeic Acid/5-Hydroxyferulic Acid 3/5- O -Methyltransferase Provides New Insights

Caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5O -methyltransferase (COMT) is a small-molecule S -adenosylL -Met–dependent O -methyltransferase (OMT) that is one of the principal enzymes in the complex network of reactions that take place as part of lignin biosynthesis (Figure 1). Plants contain a wide variety of S -adenosylL -Met–dependent OMTs that act on Phe-derived substrates during the production of numerous plant “secondary” compounds in addition to lignin, such as anthocyanin flower pigments, isoflavonoid antimicrobial compounds, phytoestrogens and allelochemicals, coumarin defense compounds, and chalcone nodulation factors. Some OMTs exhibit a high degree of substrate specificity. For example, chalcone OMT (ChOMT) from alfalfa methylates the 2 -hydroxyl of 4,2 ,4 -trihydroxychalcone to produce 4,4 -dihydroxy-2 -methoxychalcone, which is an inducer of Rhizobia nodulation genes, and isoflavone OMT (IOMT) converts a putative isoflavone substrate to formononetin, a potent phytoestrogen that also is a precursor of medicarpin, the principal antifungal phytoalexin of alfalfa. In contrast to ChOMT and IOMT, COMT exhibits broader substrate specificity. It is a bifunctional enzyme that methylates substrates at the 5-hydroxy and 3-hydroxy positions on the aromatic ring and acts (with varying affinity) on free acid, aldehyde, and alcohol 3-hydroxy and 3,5-dihydroxy phenylpropanoid substrates. The broad specificity of COMT is one of the main reasons that monolignol biosynthesis is viewed as a highly complex network or grid, and definitive in vivo pathways have yet to be determined. In this issue of The Plant Cell , Zubieta et al. (pages 1265–1277) present an analysis of the crystal structure of COMT from alfalfa that Figure 1. COMT Is One of the Key Enzymes Involved in Monolignol Biosynthesis in Angiosperms.
Optimum Design of GA-BF Algorithm Based PID Controller for the Solar System

This paper presents a new approach based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and Bacterial Foraging (BF) is used to perform a constrained tuning technique for the PID parameters to optimize the power output of solar panel. A small-signal model is used to design the controller parameters of the conventional PID controller. The dynamics of the converter is non linear, therefore, it is hard to derive desirable performance. So hybrid algorithm is used to optimize the control parameters of boost converter. In order to obtain the fitness of an individual, Simulink model of the boost converter is designed and the hybrid algorithm is programmed to design the optimal control parameters. It was found that the proposed optimal PID controller parameters adjustment by the GA-BF algorithm is superior to the conventional method. The Matlab/Simulink was used to verify the effectiveness of proposed control method.
Amyloid P Component Signaling Pathway Conferred by Serum ERK - via Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Macrophage Differentiation and Polarization

Macrophage differentiation and polarization is inﬂuenced by, and act on, many processes associated with autoimmunity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage polarization in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain largely debated. We previously demonstrated that macrophage M2b polarization conferred by activated lymphocyte-derived (ALD)-DNA immunization could initiate and propagate murine lupus nephritis. Serum amyloid P component (SAP), a conserved acute-phase protein in mice, has been reported to bind to DNA and modulate immune responses. In this study, murine SAP was shown to promote macrophage-mediated ALD-DNA uptake through binding to ALD-DNA (SAP/ALD-DNA). Moreover, macrophage phenotypic switch from a proinﬂammatory M2b phenotype induced by ALD-DNA alone to an anti-inﬂammatory M2a phenotype stimulated with SAP/ ALD-DNA were found because of PI3K/Akt–ERK signaling activation. Both in vivo SAP supplements and adoptive transfer of ex vivo programmed M2a macrophages induced by SAP/ALD-DNA into SLE mice could efﬁciently alleviate lupus nephritis. Importantly, increased IL-10 secretion, accompanied by anti-inﬂammatory effect exerted by M2a macrophages, was found to predominantly impede macrophage M2b polarization. Furthermore, neutralization of IL-10 notably reduced the suppressive effect of M2a macrophages. Our results demonstrate that binding of SAP to ALD-DNA could switch macrophage phenotypic polarization from proinﬂammatory M2b to anti-inﬂammatory M2a via PI3K/Akt–ERK signaling activation, thus exerting protective and therapeutic interventions on murine lupus nephritis. These data provide a possible molecular mechanism responsible for modulation of macrophage polarization
Numerical {3 + 1} General Relativistic Hydrodynamics: A Local Characteristic Approach

We present a general procedure to solve numerically the three-dimensional general relativistic hydrodynamic system of equations within the framework of the {3 + 1} formalism. The equations are written in conservation form to exploit their hyperbolic character. We derive the theoretical ingredients that are necessary in order to build up a numerical scheme based on the solution of local Riemann problems. Hence the spectral decomposition of the Jacobian matrices of the system, i.e., the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, is explicitly shown. We have taken advantage of the analytic solution of the relativistic Riemann problem, recently derived in Minkowski spacetime, to extend the well-known battery of standard shock tube tests to general spacetimes as an important tool for calibrating any hydrocode. A selection of spherical and nonspherical accretion scenarios is presented and compared with the corresponding analytic or numerical solutions obtained by previous authors.
Using CSI In Multiple Access Channels By Exploiting Packet Dropping and Transmitter Buffering

-Wireless Adhoc Network is a temporary network that consists of individual devices which can communicate with each other without any help from infrastructure. Nodes in the network can communicate by using multi hop transmission. This work focuses on modeling and analyzing the effects of packet buffering capabilities of the transmitter on the system energy for a packet loss tolerant application. We discuss low complexity schemes which show comparable performance to the proposed scheme. And also improve the performance of network life time, and reduce the packet loss.Using CSI techniques improve the channel allocation and a scheduling scheme which takes into ACD account channel distribution, packet loss characteristics and maximum delay limitations for a packet.
2 0 2 1 soils on the global agenda Developing International Mechanisms for Sustainable Land Management

Drylands are inhabited by over two billion people, 37 percent of the world’s total population. It is estimated that 73 percent of rangelands in drylands are currently being degraded, together with 47 percent of marginal rainfed croplands and a significant percentage of irrigated croplands. The Secretariat and Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) believe that not enough is known of land degradation and its impacts in drylands in order to develop effective control policies. As a consequence, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) – the major funding body to developing countries to meet the additional cost of measures needed to provide global environmental benefits – designated “land degradation” and “sustainable land management” as focal areas of its global programme to support the UNCCD. Through the GEF in partnership with FAO, UNEP, the Global Mechanism of the UNCCD and other partners, resources have been provided to develop a full international project entitled Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands (LADA) in order to develop and test an effective assessment methodology. The objectives of LADA are twofold: (a) develop tools and methods to assess and quantify the nature, extent, severity and impacts of land degradation on dryland ecosystems, watersheds and river basins, carbon storage and biological diversity at a range of spatial and temporal scales; (b) build the national, regional and international capacity to analyse, design, plan and implement interventions to mitigate land degradation and establish sustainable land use and management practices. To achieve these objectives, LADA will develop standardised and improved methods for dryland degradation assessment, with guidelines for their implementation in a range of scales. Using these methods, it will assess the sub-regional and global baseline condition of land degradation with a view to highlighting the areas at greatest risk. These assessments will be supplemented by detailed local assessments that will focus on root cause analysis of land degradation and on local (traditional and adapted) technologies for the mitigation of land degradation. Areas where land degradation is well controlled will be included in the analysis. “Best practice” guidelines will be developed and the results widely disseminated in various media. The project is intended to make an innovative generic contribution to methodologies and monitoring systems for land degradation, supplemented by empirically-derived lessons from the six main partner countries involved in the project – Argentina, China, Cuba, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia – up-scaled to countries within their regional remit. http://lada.virtualcentre. org/pagedisplay/display.asp Land Degradation Assessment in Drylands – LADA
Providing a Multi-Agent Biometric Identification System by Combining the Features of Fingerprint and Face

: User verification systems, which use a biometric method, are most often forced to face with noisy data and unlimited error rates. In order to improve the implementation of specific adaptations and matches in such situations, combinatory or hybrid biometric systems are used. In this paper, we propose a hybrid biometric system by combining face and eye iris features that can considerably improve the identification systems’ performance by reducing the present problems and errors in the biometric systems using a single method. We combined the Cohn - Kanade facial database and the FVC fingerprint database to perform the required experiments. Then, we identified the specific individuals, and evaluated the performance of the proposed system. The results showed that the proposed hybrid biometric system is highly more reliable and more accurate than the systems using a single biometric method, and are very appropriate to be used in immediate detection systems due to its high speed in detection.
Tunneling for spatially cut-off $P(\phi)_2$-Hamiltonians

We study the asymptotic behavior of low-lying eigenvalues of spatially cut-off $P(\phi)_2$-Hamiltonian under semi-classical limit. The corresponding classical equation of the $P(\phi)_2$-field is a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation which is an infinite dimensional Newton's equation. We determine the semi-classical limit of the lowest eigenvalue of the spatially cut-off $P(\phi)_2$-Hamiltonian in terms of the Hessian of the potential function of the Klein-Gordon equation. Moreover, we prove that the gap of the lowest two eigenvalues goes to 0 exponentially fast under semi-classical limit when the potential function is double well type. In fact, we prove that the exponential decay rate is greater than or equal to the Agmon distance between two zero points of the symmetric double well potential function. The Agmon distance is a Riemannian distance on the Sobolev space $H^{1/2}(\RR)$ defined by a Riemannian metric which is formally conformal to $L^2$-metric. Also we study basic properties of the Agmon distance and instanton.
Structural mechanisms of Long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats

Long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission, known as long-term potentiation (LTP), is involved in learning and memory and is associated with the function of tiny dendritic protrusions called spines. Importantly, our understanding of how these structures change to allow for the expression of LTP is incomplete. Previous studies conducted in the dentate gyrus (DG) have demonstrated that LTP is associated with increases in spine volume and synaptic area; however, controversy remains as to whether these changes are accompanied by alterations in the total number of spines on the dendritic shaft. Here, we have used in vivo electrophysiology, serial section electron microscopy, and a novel method of unbiased sampling to investigate how spines, synapses, and cellular organelles function to allow for the expression of LTP in the dentate gyrus of freely moving rats. We hypothesize that LTP would not be associated with significant changes in the density of spines along the dendritic shaft, but rather, expressed through increases in the volume and synaptic area of existing spines. Research has shown that an organelle known as the spine apparatus is involved with enlarging synapses. We hypothesized that spines containing a spine apparatus (SA) would show the largest increases in volume and synaptic area. LTP was induced by applying deltaburst stimulation to the medial perforant path projection to the middle molecular layer (MML) of the dentate gyrus of 2 adult, male rats. Thirty-minutes after the induction, the MML was processed for electron microscopy (EM) and the images were uploaded into Reconstruct, a software tool developed for the three-dimensional analysis of neuronal structures. Our results demonstrated that LTP was not associated with significant changes in spine density. Subsequent analysis revealed that average spine volume increased significantly 30 minutes following LTP. Marginal increases were also observed in average synapse area, however, this change did not reach significance. Overall, we found that the largest increases in spine volume and synaptic area were found on spines containing a SA. These effects were highly significant, and emphasize the importance of the spine apparatus in cellular models of learning and memory.
Mobile Augmented Reality System for Interacting with Ubiquitous Information

—In this paper we describe a mobile collaborative Augmented Reality system which allows multiple users to visualize and to interact with a distributed parcel’s information in a mobile device using wireless network. This information augmented the live images of the real environment surrounding the user. The main goal of our work is to use the replication of the message dispatcher server with message filter in order to allow each client allowing load balancing between them and to permit the message dispatcher server dispatch all updates messages to the concerned clients only. Our system explores a collaborative Augmented Reality application across several hardware device, and multi-user interface adaptation.
Mossa, Abdul-Wahab and Dickinson, Matthew J. and West, Helen M. and Young, Scott D. and Crout,

The disposal of biosolids poses a major environmental and economic problem. Agricultural use is generally regarded as the best means of disposal. However, its impact on soil ecosystems remains uncertain. Biosolids can improve soil properties by supplying nutrients and increasing organic matter content but there is also a potentially detrimental effect arising from the introduction of heavy metals into soils. To assess the balance between these competing effects on soil health, we investigated soil bacterial and fungal diversity and community structure at a site that has been dedicated to the disposal of sewage sludge for over 100 years. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) was used to characterize the soil microbial communities. The most important contaminants at the site were Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Concentrations were highly correlated and Zn concentration was adopted as a good indicator of the overall (historical) biosolids loading. A biosolids loading, equivalent to 700 – 1000 mg kg Zn appeared to be optimal for maximum bacterial and fungal diversity. This markedly exceeds the maximum soil Zn concentration of 300 mg kgpermitted under the current UK Sludge (use in agriculture) Regulations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested that the soil microbial communities had been altered in response to the accumulation of trace metals, `especially Zn, Cd, and Cu. We believe this is the first time the trade-off between positive and negative effects of long term (>100 years) biosolids disposal on soil microorganisms have been observed in the field situation. Capsule: T-RFLP analysis indicates that microbial diversity responds to the application of biosolids and exhibits an optimal level due to the trade off between beneficial and toxic effects
Influence of impaired glucose tolerance on non-fatal stroke in elderly male persons

[摘要] 目的 探讨糖耐量减低(IGT)对老年男性人群非致死性卒中风险的影响。 方法 纳入2005年5月-2007年 5月在解放军总医院第二医学中心行口服葡萄糖耐量试验检出的老年男性IGT和正常糖耐量(NGT)人群,每年至少随访 1次,随访至2017年3月,观察非致死性卒中的发病情况,比较两组人群非致死性卒中发病风险的差异。 结果 共纳入 老年男性IGT 201例、NGT 259例,平均随访11. 2年。 单因素Cox比例风险回归分析提示,IGT组2型糖尿病(HR=2.18, 95%CI 1.54~3.08,P<0.001)、非致死性卒中(HR=2.54,95%CI 1.38~4.68,P=0.003)的发病风险高于NGT组。 在调整基线 时年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA2-IR)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、高血压病史、血脂紊乱病史 后,IGT组的2型糖尿病(HR=2.25,95%CI 1.58~3.20,P<0.001)、非致死性卒中(HR=2.42,95%CI 1.30~4.52,P=0.005)的 发病风险仍明显高于NGT组。 结论 IGT与老年男性人群非致死性卒中密切相关,是非致死性卒中发病风险的独立危 险因素。 [关键词] 糖耐量减低;卒中;老年人;男性 [中图分类号] R587.1 [文献标志码] A [文章编号] 0577-7402(2019)05-0400-05 [DOI] 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7402.2019. 05.07
Development of a Mechatronic Syringe Pump to Control Fluid Flow in a Microfluidic Device Based on Polyimide Film

With the advancement in microfluidic technology, fluid flow control for syringe pump is always essential. In this paper, a mechatronic syringe pump will be developed and customized to control the fluid flow in a poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device based on a polyimide laminating film. The syringe pump is designed to drive fluid with flow rates of 100 and 1000 μl/min which intended to drive continuous fluid in a polyimide based microfluidic device. The electronic system consists of an Arduino microcontroller board and a uni-polar stepper motor. In the system, the uni-polar stepper motor was coupled to a linear slider attached to the plunger of a syringe pump. As the motor rotates, the plunger pumps the liquid out of the syringe. The accuracy of the fluid flow rate was determined by adjusting the number of micro-step/revolution to drive the stepper motor to infuse fluid into the microfluidic device. With the precise control of the electronic system, the syringe pump could accurately inject fluid volume at 100 and 1000 μl/min into a microfluidic device.
The stacked ISW signal of rare superstructures in ΛCDM

A detection of the stacked integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) signal in the CMB of rare superstructures identified in the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxy catalogue has been reported at very high statistical significance. The magnitude of the observed signal has previously been argued to be more than 3σ larger than the theoretical ΛCDM expectation. However, this calculation was made in the linear approximation, and relied on assumptions that may potentially have caused the ΛCDM expectation to be underestimated. Here we update the theoretical model calculation and compare it with an analysis of ISW maps obtained from N -body simulations of a ΛCDM universe. The differences between model predictions and the map analyses are found to be small and cannot explain the discrepancy with observation, which remains at > 3σ significance. We discuss the cosmological significance of this anomaly and speculate on the potential of alternative models to explain it.
Possible synergistic effect of air pollution on increasing severity of 1 SARS-CoV-2 2 3 4

Possible synergistic effect of air pollution on increasing severity of 1 SARS-CoV-2 2 3 4 Laleh Habibi. Ph.D, Masoud Tannazi. MSc, Seyed Mohammad Akrami. MD, Ph.D 5 6 7 1. Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical 8 Sciences 9 10 2. Technical Office, Vice-chancellor in administration and resources development affairs, 11 Tehran University of Medical Sciences 12 13 3. Helal Iran Pharmaceuticals and Medical Complex, Tehran Iran 14 15 * Correspond to: habibi@razi.tums.ac.ir, akramism@tums.ac.ir 16 17 § L.H. and M.T. worked equally in this study 18 19 20
Chain Maturation and Surface Expression Heavy m and D m Differentially Regulate Ig Conventional and Surrogate Light Chains

2 Positive selection of precursor (pre-) B cells by Ig membrane (cid:1) H chains ( (cid:1) m HC) and counterselection mediated by the truncated HC D (cid:1) depend on the ability of each HC to form a pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR) signaling complex with the surrogate L chain (SLC) components (cid:2) 5 and Vpre-B. To better understand how pre-BCR signaling output is determined by its Ig components and the SLC, we investigated the regulation of pre-BCR surface expression and HC secretory maturation in a new nonlymphoid system. We took this approach as a means to distinguish B-lineage-speciﬁc effects from pre-BCR-intrinsic properties that may inﬂuence these aspects of pre-BCR homeostasis necessary for signaling. As in pre-B cells, the SLC in nonlymphoid cells supported only a limited degree of (cid:1) m HC maturation and low pre-BCR surface expression levels compared with conventional LCs, indicating that this was due to an intrinsic property of the SLC. We identiﬁed the non-Ig region of (cid:2) 5 as harboring the restrictive activity responsible for this phenotype. This property of (cid:2) 5 was also evident with D (cid:1) , but the overall SLC- and L chain-dependent requirements for D (cid:1) maturation and surface expression were markedly different from those for (cid:1) m. Surprisingly, D (cid:1) was modiﬁed in an unusual manner that was only dependent on Vpre-B. These results establish a novel function of (cid:2) 5 in limiting surface pre-BCR levels and reveal biochemical properties of Ig molecules that may underlie the diverse consequences of pre-BCR signaling in vivo by different HCs. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 167: 3846–3857. we on the maturation and pre-BCR cell surface and density pre-BCR signaling. We examined these processes in nonlymphoid cells as a way to identify pre-BCR-intrinsic vs B cell-speciﬁc properties that may inﬂuence pre-BCR homeostasis. Our results indicate that the SLC has fundamentally distinct and unique properties that distinguish it from conventional LCs in directing HC maturation and cell surface expression and identify the sequences within the SLC responsible for these differences. Furthermore, we show that and and vivo.
Diplomarbeit Exploratory Tools for Cellwise Outlier Detection in Compositional Data with Structural Zeros

The analysis of compositional data using the log-ratio approach is based on ratios between the compositional parts. Zeros in the parts thus cause severe difficulties for the analysis. Log-ratio transformations represent the compositional information into new coordinates. Outliers within these coordinates may be detected, however it remains unclear which particular parts of the composition led to the deviating ratios in question. To address this issue, the thesis presents four exploratory tools for identifying cellwise outliers in compositional data sets with structural zeros. In order to deal with structural zeros the proposed methods use robust imputation methods or split the data into subcompositions determined by their zero patterns. Ratios between parts are analyzed using an isometric log-ratio transformation or by observing pairwise log-ratios. Combining the results from robust regression analysis and robust distance calculations the approaches deduce rowand cellwise outliers within the original sample space. All four methods are applied on the household expenditure data from Albania and then compared. A close-to-reality simulation study is conducted to assess the performance of the different outlier detection algorithms.