Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ecology and Infection Status of Sand Flies in Rural and Urban Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Endemic Areas in Northwest Ethiopia

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania aethiopica is transmitted by Phlebotomus longipes in northern Ethiopia. No studies have been conducted to investigate the transmission dynamics of CL, despite its high endemicity in both rural and urban settings. Evidence on the ecology and behavior of the vector from this area are required to develop integrated disease control strategies. Sand flies were collected in the dry and wet seasons in 2021 in CL-endemic rural Gindmeteaye and urban Addis-Alem in northwest Ethiopia. Trapping was performed with sticky and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps in three habitats, including inside patients’ houses, peridomestic areasand in caves/rocky areas. Sand flies were morphologically identified to species level. Female Phlebotomus species were categorized according to blood feeding status and tested by spliced-leader (SL-) ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to screen for Leishmania infection. Of 1161 sand flies, the majority (77%) were P. longipes, six (0.5%) were P. orientalis and the remaining were Sergentomyia. The abundance of the 430 female P. longipes was significantly linked to seasonality (p < 0.001), with the majority in the dry season occurring in the outdoor rocky (37%) and peridomestic (34%) sites, while, in the wet season, most (62%) were captured indoors. This seasonality was more pronounced in rural Gindmeteaye, where housing construction is poor. The number of blood-fed and gravid P. longipes was significantly higher in the wet (31%; 22%), compared to the dry season (13%; 8%), and their proportion was highest indoors. Eighteen (4%) female P. longipes were Leishmania positive, with highest infection prevalence in caves (7% compared to 3% indoors, p = 0.022), and in the dry season (6%, p < 0.001). Phlebotomus orientalis specimens were all captured in May in rural Gindmeteaye, five indoors and one in a peridomestic site. Further research should be conducted to investigate the absolute contribution of humans and indoor transmission to the transmission cycle of CL. Inhabitants of endemic villages should be made aware that evening outdoor activities near caves may increase their exposure to infectious sand flies. Whether P. orientalis can breed and become infected at high altitudes should be further studied.
Yupingfeng polysaccharide promote the growth of chickens via regulating gut microbiota

Introduction Yupingfeng polysaccharide (YPF-P) is the main substance of alcohol deposition in Yupingfeng powder, which has many biological functions such as enhancing immunity, repairing intestinal barrier and enhancing antioxidant ability. This study employed in vitro growth-promoting drug feed additives and animal experiments to comprehensively evaluate the use of YPF-P in broiler production. Methods A total of 1,296 151 days-old Qingyuan Partridge chickens were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates and 54 hens per replicate: the control group was fed basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 12 g/kg YPF-P for 14 days. Broilers were weighed before and at the end of the experiment to calculate total weight gain (GW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed compensation. At the end of the experiment, six chickens from each group were randomly selected for subwing vein blood sampling, which was used to measure serum biochemical indicators GHRH, GH, and IGF-1 by ELISA method. Randomly select chickens from control group and 8 g/kg group for slaughter, and cecal contents were collected for 16S high-throughput sequencing. Results Dietary supplementation of 8 g/kg YPF-P can significantly increase the final body weight, total weight gain, average daily gain and decrease the feed to gain ratio of chickens. During 151–165 days, serum IGF-1 concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in serum GH concentration (p > 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, there was no significant difference between control group and test group in Shannon index and Simpson index. Compared with the control group,the addition of 8 g/kgYPF-P significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroides at the phylum level.At the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified_Oscillospiraceae was significantly increased and the unclassified_Muribaculaceae, uncultured_Bacteroidales_bacterium, Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Ligilactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, and unclassified_Atopobiaceae was significantly decreased. Conclusion The above results showed that adding 8 mg/kg of YPF-P could increase the average daily gain of Qingyuan Partridge chickens, reduce the ratio of feed to meat, and affect the distribution proportion of intestinal microflora in chickens to some extent.
The Effect of Distrust Regulation and Trustworthiness Demonstration on Trust Repair in Responding to Online Negative Reviews

This paper explores how trust can be repaired after receiving online negative reviews. In this study, trust repair strategies are classified into six categories, and their effects on benevolence, ability, and integrity are examined. A predominant reliance is discerned on trustworthiness demonstration for affective repair strategies within online negative review responses, showcasing a noteworthy efficacy in reinstating trust across the dimensions of benevolence, integrity, and ability. Through a systematic analysis of these strategies, this paper not only uncovers the intricate interplay between responses and their consequential impacts on three dimensions of trust but also provides valuable comprehension of the multifaceted dynamics inherent in trust repair. By offering a refined understanding of the strategies involved in repairing trust, this research contributes actionable insights with theoretical insights into trust repair in digital business communication and practical implications for individuals and organizations grappling with the intricacies of navigating challenging online negative reviews.
Evaluation of the Ability of a Feed Additive to Ameliorate the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxins in Broiler Chickens

This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of 3.5 g Humic acid (HA), 3.5gesterifiedglucomannan (EGM) and 5gHydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) to counteract the toxic effects of 1 ppm aflatoxin in the broiler chicken7-35days of age.Three hundred 7-day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups of 4 replicates (each contained 15 chicks). While chicks in group 1 were fed a basal diet free of toxin (control), group 2 chicks were fed a basal diet contaminated with 1ppm AF, the other three groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed contaminatedbasal diet supplemented with 3.5 g HA, 3.5 g GEM and 5 g HSCAS, respectively. All groups were kept under observation from 7-35 days of age. Results obtained can be summarized as follows:Feeding contaminated diets significantly decreased final body weight, BW gains and feed intake. Feed conversion rate (FCR) was lowest in the group consuming the aflatoxin diet (P < 0.05). Further, contaminated diet caused significant decreases in serum total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipids, calcium and phosphorus. Compared with the control, the contaminated diet with 1ppm AF significantly increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid and creatinine. Also, there was impairment in liver and Serum antioxidant enzyme activities,antibodies titer against Newcastle Disease (ND) and aflatoxin B1 residual in the liver associated with aflatoxin toxicity. Increased relative weights of liver and decreased dressing % were observed in chicks fed the AF- diet.The results cleared that treatment of aflatoxicated birds with 3.5g HA, 3.5 g GEM and 5 g HSCAS induced protection from the development of signs and lesions with significant (p
The Role of Uncertainty in Estimating Lead/Lag Relationships in Marine Sedimentary Archives: A Case Study From the Tropical Pacific

Understanding the mechanisms behind any changes in the climate system often requires establishing the timing of events imprinted on the geological record. However, these proxy records are prone to large uncertainties, which may preclude meaningful conclusions about the relative timing of events. In this study, we put forth a framework to estimate the uncertainty in phase relationships inferred from marine sedimentary records. The novelty of our method lies in the accounting of the various sources of uncertainty inherent to paleoclimate reconstruction and timing analysis. Specifically, we use a Monte-Carlo process allowing sampling of possible realizations of the time series as functions of uncertainties in time, the climate proxy, and the identification of the termination timing. We then apply this technique to 15 published sea surface temperature records from the equatorial Pacific to evaluate whether we observed any significant changes in the termination timing between the East and the West. We find that the uncertainty on the relative timing estimates is on the order of several thousand years, and mainly stems from age model uncertainty (90%). However, even small differences in mean termination timings can be detected with a sufficiently large number of samples. Improvements in the dating of sediment records provide an opportunity to reduce uncertainty in studies of this kind.
Biochemical Changes in the Leaves of Spinach (Spinacia Oleracea) at Different Inoculum Levels of Meloidogyne Incognita in Greenhouse Experiments

Root knot nematodes are sedentary parasites that form galls in plant roots thereby reducing the water and nutrient uptake to the plant, impeding the growth, hindering the fruit production, and cause yellowing of leaves and wilting. In this study, an attempt to understand the effect of increasing Meloidogyne incognita infestation on various biochemical parameters in spinach was made. Biochemical analysis of spinach plants with varied nematode inoculum was carried out in plastic pots. Four weeks after planting, freshly hatched second-stage juveniles (J2s) were used as inoculation at the rate of 500, 1000, 2500 and 5000 J2s per pot. Uninoculated plants served as control. Each experiment was replicated three times. After 45 days of inoculation, the plants were pulled out of the pots and analysed for changes in the following biochemical parameters: chlorophyll content, protein content, total phenolic content and defense enzymes (peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases). Plants inoculated with 5000 J2s showed significantly increased levels of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity as compared to the control. Chlorophyll and protein content decreased while the total phenolic content was found to increase with increasing inoculum level. All these parameters showed little to no difference in plants inoculated with 500 J2s as compared to controls. SAARC J. Agric. , 21(2): 53-66 (2023)
Maternal-Foetal/Infant Interactions—Gut Microbiota and Immune Health

In recent years, the number of scientific publications on the role of intestinal microbiota in shaping human health, as well as the occurrence of intestinal dysbiosis in various disease entities, has increased dynamically. However, there is a gap in comprehensively understanding the factors influencing a child’s gut microbiota. This review discusses the establishment of gut microbiota and the immunological mechanisms regulating children’s microbiota, emphasising the importance of prioritising the development of appropriate gut microbiota in a child from the planning stages of pregnancy. The databases PubMed, Web of Sciences, Cochrane, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles. A child’s gut microbiota composition is influenced by numerous factors, such as diet during pregnancy, antibiotic therapy, the mother’s vaginal microbiota, delivery method, and, later, feeding method and environmental factors. During pregnancy, the foetus naturally acquires bacterial strains from the mother through the placenta, thereby shaping the newborn’s immune system. Inappropriate maternal vaginal microbiota may increase the risk of preterm birth. Formula-fed infants typically exhibit a more diverse microbiota than their breastfed counterparts. These factors, among others, shape the maturation of the child’s immune system, impacting the production of IgA antibodies that are central to cellular humoral immune defence. Further research should focus on identifying specific microbiota–immune system interactions influencing a child’s immune health and developing personalised treatment strategies for immune-related disorders.
Water Quality Indices: Challenges and Application Limits in the Literature

Since Horton in 1965, many authors have sought to aggregate different variables characterizing the state of water into a single value called Water Quality Index ( W Q I ). This index is intended to facilitate the operational management of water resources and their allocation for different uses. Detailed and operational description of the main W Q I calculations are here reviewed. The review contains: (1) an historical analysis of the evolution of W Q I calculation methods by looking both at the choice of variables, the methods of weighting and aggregating these variables into a final single value; (2) an illustration of the contradictions observed in the final result when, on the same database, the W Q I is calculated by different methods; (3) the significant progress possible via fuzzy logic to define a W Q I adapted to specific water use.
STRATEGIC PLANNING OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT

As of today, it is crucial for Ukraine to implement a comprehensive system of state strategic planning. This will facilitate the country's rapid development and positioning of Ukraine in leading positions in the world. The impact of digital development in all areas has changed the way society and government communicate. The scale of digital change in society is enormous, and digitalization can be seen as a catalyst for new paradigms, concepts, and approaches to strategic planning for the country's development. Successful strategic planning and public administration organizations determine the comfort of citizens' lives and strengthen the competitiveness of the region.
Feto-Maternal Outcome in Preeclampsia and its Association with Maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rajshahi

Background: Obesity is associated with profound metabolic and physiological changes and an established risk factor for the adverse feto-maternal outcome for pregnant women. As the prevalence of obesity increasing day by day among pregnant women and there is a scarcity of related studies in Bangladesh context, this study aimed to find out the fetomaternal outcome in preeclamptic women and its association with maternal body mass index (BMI) in a tertiary care hospital in Rajshahi. Objectives: The aim of the study was to associate the fetomaternal outcome in preeclampsia and its association with maternal body mass index (BMI) in a tertiary care hospital in Rajshahi. Methods: This cross-sectional type of analytical study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH). Singleton pregnant women with preeclampsia who delivered a baby in this Hospital were approached for this study. After ethical clearance, a total of 120 patients were taken as study samples according to selection criteria. Informed written consent was obtained from each patient. All patients were subjected to detailed history taking and thorough physical examination. A structured questionnaire was designed including all the variables of interest. Data were collected through direct interview of the patients at the respective departments by the researcher. Collected data were checked, edited and analyzed using the SPSS-24. Results: The observed maternal outcome was PIH (33%), Gestational diabetes mellitus (20%), Caesarean section (46.7%), prolonged labour (13.3%), wound infection (5%) and 5% had postpartum hemorrhage (5%). PIH, Gestational diabetes mellitus and Caesarean section were significantly higher among overweight or obese patients with preeclampsia (p<.05). So, association of maternal BMI with PIH, gestational diabetes mellitus and Caesarean section was significant (P<.05) but not significant in prolonged labour, wound infection, postpartum .
Enhancing Arabic offensive language detection with BERT-BiGRU model

With the advent of Web 2.0, various platforms and tools have been developed to allow internet users to express their opinions and thoughts on diverse topics and occurrences. Nevertheless, certain users misuse these platforms by sharing hateful and offensive speeches, which has a negative impact on the mental health of internet society. Thus, the detection of offensive language has become an active area of research in the field of natural language processing. Rapidly detecting offensive language on the internet and preventing it from spreading is of great practical significance in reducing cyberbullying and self-harm behaviors. Despite the crucial importance of this task, limited work has been done in this field for nonEnglish languages such as Arabic. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to improve the results of Arabic offensive language detection without the need for laborious preprocessing or feature engineering work. To achieve this, we combine the bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model model with a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) layer to further enhance the extracted context and semantic features. The experiments were conducted on the Arabic dataset provided by the SemEval 2020 Task 12. The evaluation results show the effectiveness of our model compared to the baseline and related work models by achieving a macro F1- score of 93.16%.
Wrightite, K2Al2O(AsO4)2, a new oxo-orthoarsenate from the Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia

ABSTRACT The new mineral wrightite, K2Al2O(AsO4)2, was found in 1983 at a fumarole on the Second scoria cone, Northern Breakthrough, Great Fissure eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia, where it occurs as light yellow aggregates of transparent tabular crystals, with an average size of 0.05 mm × 0.03 mm × 0.005 mm. Wrightite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with the unit-cell parameters a = 8.230(5), b = 5.555(4), c = 17.584(1) Å, V = 803.9(6) Å3 and Z = 4 (from powder data). The empirical formula is (K1.69Na0.38)Σ2. 07(Al1.80Fe0.24)Σ2. 04As1.96O9. The crystal structure (R1 = 0.043) consists of Al2O(AsO4)2 layers in the ab plane with clusters of edge-sharing AlO6 octahedra. Each layer contains two independent isolated AsO4 tetrahedra and two AlO6 octahedra. AlO6 octahedra are linked by edges, forming zigzag chains along the b axis inside the Al–As layer. Eight- and six-coordinated K atoms are located in the interlayer space between Al2O(AsO4)2 layers. The mineral is biaxial (−), α =1.679(2), β =1.685(2), γ (calc.) =1.687; 2V(meas.) = 62(10)° (λ = 589 nm). The strongest lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 8.77(36)(002); 4.458(17)(111); 4.010(19)(201,013); 3.875(19)(104) and 2.972(100)(015). The mineral was named in honour of Adrian Carl Wright, Emeritus Professor at the University of Reading, UK.
Perbedaan Rata-Rata Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa pada Pembelajaran Kalkulus Ii Antara Kelas Luring dan Daring

Kalkulus II adalah mata kuliah yang menuntut tingkat pemahaman dan analisis yang tinggi, serta menjadi dasar yang esensial dalam disiplin ilmu sains, teknologi, teknik, dan matematika. Pembelajaran daring melibatkan penggunaan teknologi komputer dan internet untuk menyampaikan materi pelajaran, berinteraksi dengan instruktur, dan berkomunikasi dengan sesama siswa. Sedangkan pembelajaran luring melibatkan interaksi langsung antara mahasiswa dan dosen di suatu tempat seperti kelas atau ruang kuliah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah apakah terdapat perbedaan rata-rata nilai mahasiswa pada pembelajaran luring dan daring untuk mata kuliah kalkulus II di Program Studi Teknik Informatika pada salah satu perguruan tinggi swasta di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menganalisis tantang statistika deskriptif, uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis t pada nilai rata-rata mahasiswa luring dan daring. Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah diperoleh untuk statistika deskriptif adalah dari jumlah mahasiswa luring adalah 45 mahasiswa, sedangkan mahasiswa daring adalah 30 mahasiswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata dari mahasiswa luring sebesar 66,671 sedangkan mahasiswa daring sebesar 72,248. Standar deviasi atau simpangan baku untuk kelas luring sebesar 5,832 sedangkan untuk mahasiswa daring sebesar 12,041. Nilai rata-rata kelas daring lebih besar daripada kelas luring. Tetapi kelas daring memiliki standar deviasi yang lebih besar daripada kelas luring. Untuk uji normalitas diperoleh nilai signifikasinya untuk kelas luring adalah 0,146 dan untuk kelas daring adalah 0,200; sehingga distribusi data untuk nilai rata-rata kelas luring maupun daring berdistribusi normal. Dari hasil uji t diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai dari signifikansinya sebesar 0,00; sehingga terdapat perbedaan rata-rata nilai mahasiswa pada kuliah luring maupun daring.
Nanofiber structures for medical biotextiles

Abstract: Three-dimensional nanofiber structures are desirable as scaffolds for tissue development since they mimic the natural environment of the cells. Various techniques have evolved to fabricate such structures using desired materials. Among these, electrospinning provides an advantage due to the ease of use and better control of the resulting structure. A detailed account of the factors influencing the process is presented along with the current status of the technology to produce novel structures at nano level. Case studies are also included to further demonstrate the suitability of the process to develop structures for biomedical applications.
Detection of Common Bacterial Causes of Otitis in Dogs in Mosul City, Iraq

HE current study included isolation, diagnosis, and testing of antibiotic sensitivity for common bacterial agents that cause otitis in dogs. A total of 65 samples of ear swabs were taken from dogs that were presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Mosul, as well as from private veterinary clinics in Mosul City, between September 2022 and July 2023. Those animals were 1-3 years of age, from both sexes, and they had clinically shown signs of otitis. Upon the bacterial culture properties, the isolated pathogens were as follows: 17 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.1%), 13 isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes (20%), and 10 isolates of S taphylococcus aureus (15.4%). The bacterial isolates were phenotypically identified by Gram stain and growth characteristics on the special culture media. Also, the biochemical properties were identified via the Vitek 2 Compact system. Furthermore, the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular detection of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of the bacterial agents by using the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Following that, these bacteria have shown a wide range of susceptibility according to their antibiotic sensitivity test. To conclude, it has been observed that several bacterial pathogens, including P. aeruginosa , S. pyogenes , and S. aureus were the most common causes of bacterial otitis in dogs in Mosul City, and there was a wide range of antimicrobial sensitivity patterns among these microorganisms.