Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Population pharmacokinetics of digoxin in Japanese patients: a 2-compartment pharmacokinetic model.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the observed variability of digoxin disposition by performing a population pharmacokinetic analysis in a Japanese population. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of clinical pharmacokinetic data. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Data were obtained from 106 patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation (43 males and 63 females). METHODS Digoxin concentrations in serum were measured by fluorescence polarisation immunoassay. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a 2-compartment open pharmacokinetic model with the computer program NONMEM. RESULTS 246 serum concentrations were obtained. Final pharmacokinetic parameters were: CL (L/h) = (0.036 x TBW + 0.112 x CL(CR)) x 0.77SPI x 0.784CCB, V1 = 1.83 L/kg, V2 = 22.6 L/kg and Q = 0.629 L/h/kg, where CL is total body clearance, V1 and V2 are the apparent volumes of distribution in the central and peripheral compartments, Q is intercompartmental clearance, TBW is total bodyweight (in kg), CL(CR) is creatinine clearance (in ml/min), SPI = 1 for concomitant administration of spironolactone (and zero otherwise) and CCB = 1 for concomitant administration of calcium antagonists (and zero otherwise). Concomitant administration of digoxin and spironolactone resulted in a 23% decrease in digoxin clearance. Concomitant administration of digoxin and calcium antagonists (diltiazem, nicardipine, nifedipine or verapamil) resulted in a 21.6% decrease in digoxin clearance. CONCLUSIONS The estimated population parameter values may assist clinicians in the individualisation of digoxin dosage regimens.
of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society Title The Level of Processing Affects the Magnitude of Induced Retrograde Amnesia

If a distinctive event is amid other, non-distinctive events, often the memory for the item that immediately precedes the distinctive one is severely impaired. One explanation is that memory for the preceding items is reduced because when the priority item is detected all attentional resources are directed to it and the encoding of the preceding item is prematurely disrupted. Because perceptually defined priority is detected earlier in time, compared to semantically defined priority, the encoding of the preceding item should be disrupted at an earlier stage, and the impairment should be greater. An experiment confirmed this prediction by showing that retrograde amnesia was present when participants had to preferentially remember the word written in capital letters (RABBIT), but not when the priority item was defined by being a kind of animal (rabbit). These results can explain the reason behind recent failed replications and they provide evidence for the encoding hypothesis.
Advances in Postresuscitation Care

A co-ordinated, evidence-based approach to treatments following cardiac arrest can have a significant impact on outcome. In comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, therapeutic hypothermia (temp 32–34°C) should be induced as soon as possible and maintained for 12–24 hours before controlled rewarming. Cardiac impairment is usually transient and responds to fluids and vasopressors/inotropes. Aim for a mean arterial blood pressure to achieve adequate end organ perfusion. Patients with a suspected cardiac cause of their arrest should be considered for angiography with or without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Hyperglycaemia should be treated with insulin. Controlled ventilation should aim for oxygen saturations of 94–96% and normocapnia. Prognostic tests are unreliable initially and should be deferred until at least 72 hours following return of normothermia.
Detection of activities of daily living impairment in Alzheimer ’ s disease and mild cognitive impairment using information and communication technology

1EA CoBTeK, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2Centre Mémoire de Ressource et de Recherche, CHU de Nice, 3Plateforme Patient du Centre d’Innovation et d’Usage en Santé, CHU de Nice, 4Equipe Stars, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (INRIA), Sophia-Antipolis, France; 5University of Pancasila, Department of Psychology, Jakarta, Indonesia; 6University of Maastricht, Faculty of Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies: The Resource Curse Thesis

It is widely believed that natural mineral resources are desirable. However there is growing evidence that this may not always be the case. Indeed, it seems that natural assets can distort the economy to such a degree that the benefit actually becomes a curse. In Sustaining Development in Mineral Economies, Richard Auty highlights these drawbacks and the devastating effect they can have on developing economies. With reference to six ore-exporters (viz. Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Jamaica, Zambia and Papua New Guinea) he outlines how things can go badly wrong. He particularly stresses the need to avoid 'Dutch Disease' whereby competitiveness is drained out of the agriculture and manufacturing sectors so that in the long term growth falters.
The Study on the Characteristics of Ecological Wetland Parks Which Are Suitable for Frog Habitat –The Example of the Landscape Design of Melbourne Galada Avenue Reserve

Global species diversity continues to decline and organizations such as the United Nations have signed several biodiversity contracts to protect and enhance species diversity. The enrichment of species diversity can maintain or enhance stability, sustainability and functionality of ecosystems. Frogs are the most abundant and environmentally sensitive amphibians, and are used as an important indicator of regional and global ecological performance, so it is important to increase the diversity and number of frog species. The current research on frog ecological park design characteristics needs to be further deepened and a relatively comprehensive summary is needed. Through the analysis of frog habitat preference, biological research, wetland park design and other related literature, this study conclude that the characteristics of ecological wetland parks suitable for frog habitat should have a moderate scale, coherent habitat, reasonable traf-ﬁc roads, a diverse waterfront, suitable waterfront slope and pool depth, stable water source, low salinity, low pollution water quality and suitable plant mix for frog survival. Taking the species enhancement of endangered species of Growling Grass Frog in Melbourne, Australia, as an example, the landscape design of Gal-ada Avenue Reserve is suitable for the habitat of this species, speciﬁcally giving the design to meet foraging, activity, protection and the breeding conditions of this species, forming a special ecological wetland park suitable for the survival activities of this species. It will create a suitable habitat for the roaring grass frog, and protect and gradually restore the population of the species to a balanced state. The reserve will serve as a model for local endangered amphibian conservation parks and a reference for other regional frog conservation parks and ecosystem strengthening through species diversity enhancement.
Sea‐Ice Impacts Inter‐Annual Variability of Phytoplankton Bloom Characteristics and Carbon Export in the Weddell Sea

The Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) accounts for 15% of the Southern Ocean's primary production (PP), but limited data has hindered understanding of its variability and connection to carbon export. Using a combination of gliders, biogeochemical Argo floats and satellite observations in the northeast Weddell Sea, we show that years with more sea‐ice formation over winter are followed by more intense phytoplankton blooms (∼15% greater daily PP) and export to 100 m (∼50% higher daily carbon export) the following summer. However, the carbon export beyond the deepest winter mixed layer did not vary in proportion to PP, suggesting different drivers of carbon export at depth compared to surface waters. Furthermore, across the entire MIZ, the response of blooms to sea‐ice volume was spatially variable, indicating the need to consider spatial heterogeneity in the response of the biological carbon pump to future sea‐ice changes.
Effect of thermal and sonication processing on the naringin and ascorbic acid content of grapefruit juice

The present study aimed to find the effect of thermal (heat treatment) and non-thermal (sonication) processing on the naringin and ascorbic acid content of grapefruit juice. The three-level factorial experimental design was adopted, and a two-factor interaction model was fitted to assess the effect of variables on naringin and ascorbic acid content. The variables showed a significant ( P < 0.05) linear and interaction effect on responses (naringin and ascorbic acid content) for thermal and non-thermal processed grapefruit juice. The naringin and ascorbic acid content of thermally processed juice varied from 561.50 to 612.20 ppm and 32.75 to 38.20 mg/100 mL, respectively. There was a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease in the naringin and ascorbic acid content of grapefruit juice due to an increase in temperature and time. In case of sonication, the naringin and ascorbic acid content of sonication-treated juice varied from 690.30 to 737.50 ppm and 39.15 to 46.26 mg/100, respectively. The naringin and ascorbic acid content were increased significantly ( P < 0.05) as a function of sonication frequency and time. The observations of the present study might be useful for citrus juice processing by adopting a suitable processing method.
GeNetOntology: identifying affected gene ontology terms via grouping, scoring, and modeling of gene expression data utilizing biological knowledge-based machine learning

Introduction: Identifying significant sets of genes that are up/downregulated under specific conditions is vital to understand disease development mechanisms at the molecular level. Along this line, in order to analyze transcriptomic data, several computational feature selection (i.e., gene selection) methods have been proposed. On the other hand, uncovering the core functions of the selected genes provides a deep understanding of diseases. In order to address this problem, biological domain knowledge-based feature selection methods have been proposed. Unlike computational gene selection approaches, these domain knowledge-based methods take the underlying biology into account and integrate knowledge from external biological resources. Gene Ontology (GO) is one such biological resource that provides ontology terms for defining the molecular function, cellular component, and biological process of the gene product. Methods: In this study, we developed a tool named GeNetOntology which performs GO-based feature selection for gene expression data analysis. In the proposed approach, the process of Grouping, Scoring, and Modeling (G-S-M) is used to identify significant GO terms. GO information has been used as the grouping information, which has been embedded into a machine learning (ML) algorithm to select informative ontology terms. The genes annotated with the selected ontology terms have been used in the training part to carry out the classification task of the ML model. The output is an important set of ontologies for the two-class classification task applied to gene expression data for a given phenotype. Results: Our approach has been tested on 11 different gene expression datasets, and the results showed that GeNetOntology successfully identified important disease-related ontology terms to be used in the classification model. Discussion: GeNetOntology will assist geneticists and scientists to identify a range of disease-related genes and ontologies in transcriptomic data analysis, and it will also help doctors design diagnosis platforms and improve patient treatment plans.
A LAMINAR CORTICAL MODEL FOR 3 D PERCEPTION OF SLANTED AND CURVED SURFACES AND OF 2 D IMAGES : DEVELOPMENT , ATTENTION , AND BISTABILITY

A model of laminar visual cortical dynamics proposes how 3D boundary and surface representations arise from viewing slanted and curved 3D objects and 2D images. The 3D boundary representations emerge from non-classical receptive field interactions within intracortical and intercortical feedback circuits. Such non-classical interactions within cortical areas V1 and V2 contextually disambiguate classical receptive field responses to ambiguous visual cues using cells that are sensitive to colinear contours, angles, and disparity gradients. Remarkably, these cell types can all be explained as variants of a unified perceptual grouping circuit whose most familiar example is a 2D colinear bipole cell. Model simulations show how this circuit can develop cell selectivity to colinear contours and angles, how slanted surfaces can activate 3D boundary representations that are sensitive to angles and disparity gradients, how 3D filling-in occurs across slanted surfaces, how a 2D Necker cube image can be represented in 3D, and how bistable 3D Necker cube percepts occur. The model also explains data about slant aftereffects and 3D neon color spreading. It shows how chemical transmitters that habituate, or depress, in an activity-dependent way can help to control development and also to trigger bistable 3D percepts and slant aftereffects. Attention can influence which of these percepts is perceived by propagating selectively along object boundaries.
Cardioembolic Stroke

Cardiac embolism accounts for an increasing proportion of ischemic strokes and might multiply severalfold during the next decades. However, research points to several potential strategies to stem this expected rise in cardioembolic stroke. First, although one-third of strokes are of unclear cause, it is increasingly accepted that many of these cryptogenic strokes arise from a distant embolism rather than in situ cerebrovascular disease, leading to the recent formulation of embolic stroke of undetermined source as a distinct target for investigation. Second, recent clinical trials have indicated that embolic stroke of undetermined source may often stem from subclinical atrial fibrillation, which can be diagnosed with prolonged heart rhythm monitoring. Third, emerging evidence indicates that a thrombogenic atrial substrate can lead to atrial thromboembolism even in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Such an atrial cardiomyopathy may explain many cases of embolic stroke of undetermined source, and oral anticoagulant drugs may prove to reduce stroke risk from atrial cardiomyopathy given its parallels to atrial fibrillation. Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant drugs have recently expanded therapeutic options for preventing cardioembolic stroke and are currently being tested for stroke prevention in patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source, including specifically those with atrial cardiomyopathy. Fourth, increasing appreciation of thrombogenic atrial substrate and the common coexistence of cardiac and extracardiac stroke risk factors suggest benefits from global vascular risk factor management in addition to anticoagulation. Finally, improved imaging of ventricular thrombus plus the availability of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant drugs may lead to better prevention of stroke from acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. (Circ Res. 2017;120:514-526. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308407.)
A Novel Approach to Assessing Infant and Child Mental Rotation

Mental rotation is a critically important, early developing spatial skill that is related to other spatial cognitive abilities. Understanding the early development of this skill, however, requires a developmentally appropriate assessment that can be used with infants, toddlers, and young children. We present here a new eye-tracking task that uses a staircase procedure to assess mental rotation in 12-, 24-, and 36-month-old children (N = 41). To ensure that all children understood the task, the session began with training and practice, in which the children learned to fixate which of two houses a giraffe, facing either left or right, would approach. The adaptive two-up, one-down staircase procedure assessed the children’s ability to fixate the correct house when the giraffe was rotated in 30° (up) or 15° (down) increments. The procedure was successful, with most children showing evidence of mental rotation. In addition, the children were less likely to succeed as the angle of rotation increased, and the older children succeeded at higher angles of rotation than the younger children, replicating previous findings with other procedures. The present study contributes a new paradigm that can assess the development of mental rotation in young children and holds promise for yielding insights into individual differences in mental rotation.
Optimizing TMS Coil Placement Approaches for Targeting the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adolescents: An Electric Field Modeling Study

High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC) shows promise as a treatment for treatment-resistant depression in adolescents. Conventional rTMS coil placement strategies include the 5 cm, the Beam F3, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) neuronavigation methods. The purpose of this study was to use electric field (E-field) models to compare the three targeting approaches to a computational E-field optimization coil placement method in depressed adolescents. Ten depressed adolescents (4 females, age: 15.9±1.1) participated in an open-label rTMS treatment study and were offered MRI-guided rTMS five times per week over 6–8 weeks. Head models were generated based on individual MRI images, and E-fields were simulated for the four targeting approaches. Results showed a significant difference in the induced E-fields at the L-DLPFC between the four targeting methods (χ2=24.7, p<0.001). Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that there was a significant difference between any two of the targeting methods (Holm adjusted p<0.05), with the 5 cm rule producing the weakest E-field (46.0±17.4V/m), followed by the F3 method (87.4±35.4V/m), followed by MRI-guided (112.1±14.6V/m), and followed by the computational approach (130.1±18.1V/m). Variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference in sample variance between the groups (K2=8.0, p<0.05), with F3 having the largest variance. Participants who completed the full course of treatment had median E-fields correlated with depression symptom improvement (r=−0.77, p<0.05). E-field models revealed limitations of scalp-based methods compared to MRI guidance, suggesting computational optimization could enhance dose delivery to the target.
Early Prediction of Chronic Heart Disease Based on Electronic Triage Dataset by using Machine Learning

Chronic Heart Disease (CHD) is the main reason for mortality around the world, constituting about 15% of all natural deaths, which confirms the importance of early detection to mitigate these rates. CHD can be detected by measuring multiple health parameters such as blood pressure, SpO2, ECG, and other parameters. Therefore, there is a persistent need for effective and precise prediction methods. Traditional techniques for prediction and analysis are limited due to the complexity of the data and correlations. First approach for developing these techniques is by using machine learning (ML) algorithms. ML can examine vast amounts of patient information, including medical records, test outcomes, and imaging scans to identify patterns and predict the possibility of developing heart disease or having a cardiac event. This study aims to improve the accuracy of prediction by utilizing ML techniques to predict CHD using medical data, reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis, and ultimately save lives. Supervised learning techniques, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), AdaBoost, Logistic Regression (LR), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and others are employed to identify correlations in CHD data and enhance prediction rates. The results indicate that SVM-derived probabilistic models outperform other algorithms in predicting CHD and the accuracy of the model was 96.2%, as revealed through various performance evaluation metrics.
Abnormal static and dynamic functional network connectivity of the whole-brain in children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Introduction Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) are a subtype of generalized seizures exhibiting bursts of bilaterally synchronous generalized spike-wave discharges. Numerous neuroimaging studies have reported aberrant functional activity and topological organization of brain network in epilepsy patients with GTCS, but most studies have focused on adults. However, the effect of GTCS on the spatial and temporal properties of brain function in children remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore whole-brain static (sFC) and dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in children with GTCS. Methods Twenty-three children with GTCS and 32 matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for the present study. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were collected for each subject. The group independent component analysis method was used to obtain independent components (ICs). Then, sFC and dFC methods were applied and the differences in functional connectivity (FC) were compared between the children with GTCS and the HCs. Additionally, we investigated the correlations between the dFC indicators and epilepsy duration. Results Compared to HCs, GTCS patients exhibited a significant decrease in sFC strengths among most networks. The K-means clustering method was implemented for dFC analysis, and the optimal number of clusters was estimated: two discrete connectivity configurations, State 1 (strong connection) and State 2 (weak connection). The decreased dFC mainly occurred in State 1, especially the dFC between the visual network (VIS) and somatomotor network (SMN); but the increased dFC mainly occurred in State 2 among most networks in GTCS children. In addition, GTCS children showed significantly shorter mean dwell time and lower fractional windows in stronger connected State 1, while GTCS children showed significantly longer mean dwell time in weaker connected State 2. In addition, the dFC properties, including mean dwell time and fractional windows, were significantly correlated with epilepsy duration. Conclusion Our results indicated that GTCS epilepsy not only alters the connectivity strength but also changes the temporal properties of connectivity in networks in the whole brain. These findings also emphasized the differences in sFC and dFC in children with GTCS. Combining sFC and dFC methods may provide more comprehensive understanding of the abnormal changes in brain architecture in children with GTCS.