Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using the Concept of Precedence as an Approach to Explain the Logical Interaction and Interrelationships among Corporate Social Responsibilities: Battal's CSR Train VS. Carroll ′s CSR Pyramid

: Purpose : The model of CSR devised by the American scientist ″Archie B. Carroll in 1991″ - which became well-known in academic circles as Carroll′s CSR pyramid, has been criticized by academics and researchers. The researcher firmly believes that one of the most important reasons that led to the emergence of these criticisms was Carroll's adoption of the idea of the pyramid as a form to illustrate his idea of CSR. The content of the pyramid does not match the accompanying explanations given by Carroll. Carroll's CSR pyramid does not reflect the concept of simultaneous CSRs. Also, Carroll's CSR pyramid does not reflect the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs. It is also noted that, Carroll's pyramid reflects the expectations of stakeholders and does not reflect the expectations of companies from their commitment to their social responsibilities. This study aimed to design a model for CSR, in which the content of its figure matches the explanations attached to it, and reflects the concept of simultaneous CSRs, in addition to the logical interaction and the interrelationship among those responsibilities. Method : The researcher used the concept of precedence as an approach to explain the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs. The idea of precedence is clearly found only in the railway industry. The interaction of CSRs with each other can be likened to the interaction of the components of a classic train (a cockpit and coaches). Therefore, the researcher adopted the idea of the classic train as an innovative model to address some of the shortcomings of Carroll ′s pyramid. Battal's CSR train as an innovative model-in this study, can reflect the notion of simultaneous CSRs, the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs, and expectations and aspirations of both stakeholders and companies. Result : By adopting the idea of the classic train work and its components, this study was able to produce a model of CSR as an alternative model for Carroll′s pyramid (1991). Originality / Value : Battal ′s CSR train is an educational model that is designed to address some of the shortcomings of Carroll's CSR pyramid "as a figure and content. " The content of Battal′s CSR train matches the attached explanation, and this will help to understand how CSRs interact with each other, as well as the concept of simultaneous CSRs. It is an enrichment of the thought of CSR.
The Topology and Geometry of Hyperk\"ahler Quotients

In this thesis we study the topology and geometry of hyperk\"ahler quotients, as well as some related non-compact K\"ahler quotients, from the point of view of Hamiltonian group actions. The main technical tool we employ is Morse theory with moment maps. We prove a Lojasiewicz inequality which permits the use of Morse theory in the non-compact setting. We use this to deduce Kirwan surjectivity for an interesting class of non-compact quotients, and obtain a new proof of hyperk\"ahler Kirwan surjectivity for hypertoric varieties. We then turn our attention to quiver varieties, obtaining an explicit inductive procedure to compute the Betti numbers of the fixed-point sets of the natural S^1 -action on these varieties. To study the kernel of the Kirwan map, we adapt the Jeffrey-Kirwan residue formula to our setting. The residue formula may be used to compute intersection pairings on certain compact subvarieties, and in good cases these provide a complete description of the kernel of the hyperk\"ahler Kirwan map. We illustrate this technique with several detailed examples. Finally, we investigate the Poisson geometry of a certain family of Nakajima varieties. We construct an explicit Lagrangian fibration on these varieties by embedding them into Hitchin systems. This construction provides an interesting class of toy models of Hitchin systems for which the hyperk\"ahler metric may be computed explicitly.
Consistency Decision

The consistency formula for set theory can be stated in terms of the free-variables theory of primitive recursive maps. Free-variable p. r. predicates are decidable by set theory, main result here, built on recursive evaluation of p. r. map codes and soundness of that evaluation in set theoretical frame: internal p. r. map code equality is evaluated into set theoretical equality. So the free-variable consistency predicate of set theory is decided by set theory, ω-consistency assumed. By Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem on undecidability of set theory’s consistency formula by set theory under assumption of this ωconsistency, classical set theory turns out to be ω-inconsistent. ∗michael.pfender@alumni.tu-berlin.de
Maximal and quadratic Gaussian Hardy spaces

Building on the author's recent work with Jan Maas and Jan van Neerven, this paper establishes the equivalence of two norms (one using a maximal function, the other a square function) used to define a Hardy space on $\R^{n}$ with the gaussian measure, that is adapted to the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck semigroup. In contrast to the atomic Gaussian Hardy space introduced earlier by Mauceri and Meda, the $h^{1}(\R^{n};d\gamma)$ space studied here is such that the Riesz transforms are bounded from $h^{1}(\R^{n};d\gamma)$ to $L^{1}(\R^{n};d\gamma)$. This gives a gaussian analogue of the seminal work of Fefferman and Stein in the case of the Lebesgue measure and the usual Laplacian.
Software Educativo Bilingue Libras-Português: Uma avaliação na perspectiva do professor surdo

No Brasil, é definido por lei que a primeira língua da pessoa surda é a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Logo, para a efetivação de uma prática educativa inclusiva, os recursos didáticos adotados devem atender, também, às demandas de especificidades de aprendizagem do aluno surdo. No caso dos softwares educativos, uma alternativa para torná-los acessíveis, consiste na presença da versão em Libras. Portanto, este artigo apresenta os resultados da avaliação do potencial do software educativo ContaKg Bilíngue a partir da perspectiva de professores surdos. Os principais resultados apontam que o ContaKg Bilíngue demonstra-se como aliado da prática pedagógica inclusiva e do desenvolvimento de habilidades matemáticas.
A comparison between the Shooting and Finite-Difference Method in solving a Nonlinear Boundary Value Problem found in the context of light propagation

The shooting and finite-difference method are both numeric methods that approximate the solution of a BVP to a given accuracy. In this report both methods were implemented in Matlab and compared to each other on a BVP found in the context of light propagation in nonlinear dielectrics. It was observed that the finite-difference method is numerically more stable and converges faster than the shooting method.
Profile decomposition for sequences of Borel measures

We prove that, if dichotomy occurs when the concentration-compactness principle is used, the dichotomizing sequence can be choosen so that a nontrivial part of it concentrates. Iterating this argument leads to a profile decomposition for arbitrary sequences of bounded Borel measures. To illustrate our results we give an application to the structure of bouded sequences in the Sobolev space W (R ).
Invariants de Welschinger

This is an overview of some of the invariants that were discovered by Welschinger in the context of enumerative real algebraic geometry. Their definition finds a natural setup in real symplectic geometry. In particular, they can be studied using techniques from symplectic field theory, of which we also give a sample. Welschinger invariants are real analogues of certain Gromov-Witten invariants. This article is an extended set of notes for a talk at the Bourbaki seminar in April 2011.
Graft Intra-Articular Remodeling and Bone Incorporation in ACL Reconstruction: The State of the Art and Clinical Implications

The knee is one of the most frequently affected joints in sports trauma, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and meniscal tears are the most common lesions. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) remains the treatment of choice for patients willing to return to their previous activity. There are different surgical techniques and different possible usable grafts. The graft used for ACLR surgery undergoes a bone incorporation process and an intra-articular remodelling named ligamentization until it reaches characteristics similar to the native ligament. After the first incorporation stage, the remodelling process is divided into an early stage that could last 4 weeks, a proliferative stage that lasts 4 to 12 weeks, and a final stage of ligamentization that could last over 1 year. The period of return to sport (RTS) after ACLR, which is becoming shorter and shorter, can be a high-risk period for athletes due to the risk of graft failure. This systematic review aims to define the phases of the ligamentization process considering graft type and fixation techniques, as well as the graft’s anatomopathological and biomechanical characteristics, to evaluate a criterion-based rehab progression and maximize patient outcomes for an RTS respecting graft biology. The rehabilitative program has to promote and optimize the graft remodelling and incorporation processes; moreover, it has to accommodate physiological graft healing and avoid overloading. An early RTS and noncompliance with the biological characteristics of the graft in the various phases are associated with a high incidence of re-injury.
On The Limiting Distributions of the Total Height On Families of Trees

A symbolic-computational algorithm, fully implemented in Maple, is described, that computes explicit expressions for generating functions that enable the efficient computations of the expectation, variance, and higher moments, of the random variable `sum of distances to the root', defined on any given family of rooted ordered trees (defined by degree restrictions). Taking limits, we confirm, via elementary methods, the fact, due to David Aldous, and expanded by Svante Janson and others, that the limiting (scaled) distributions are all the same, and coincide with the limiting distribution of the same random variable, when it is defined on labeled rooted trees.
Colorings and flows on CW complexes, Tutte quasi-polynomials and arithmetic matroids

In this note we provide a higher-dimensional analogue of Tutte's celebrated theorem on colorings and flows of graphs, by showing that the theory of arithmetic Tutte polynomials and quasi-polynomials encompasses invariants defined for CW complexes by Beck-Breuer-Godkin-Martin and Duval-Klivans-Martin. Furthermore, we answer a question by Bajo-Burdick-Chmutov, concerning the modified Tutte-Krushkal-Renhardy polynomials defined by these authors: to this end, we prove that the product of two arithmetic multiplicity functions on a matroid is again an arithmetic multiplicity function.
Low regularity Cauchy problem for the fifth-order modified KdV equations on 𝕋

We consider the fifth-order modified Korteweg–de Vries (modified KdV) equation under the periodic boundary condition. We prove the local well-posedness in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], via the energy method. The main tool is the short-time Fourier restriction norm method, which was first introduced in its current form by Ionescu, Kenig and Tataru [Global well-posedness of the KP-I initial-value problem in the energy space, Invent. Math. 173(2) (2008) 265–304]. Besides, we use the frequency localized modified energy to control the high-low interaction component in the energy estimate. We remark that under the periodic setting, the integrable structure is very useful (but not necessary) to remove harmful terms in the nonlinearity and this work is the first low regularity well-posedness result for the fifth-order modified KdV equation.
A spectral characterization of geodesic balls in non-compact rank one symmetric spaces

In constant curvatures spaces, there are a lot of characterizations of geodesic balls as optimal domain for shape optimization problems. Although it is natural to expect similar characterizations in rank one symmetric spaces, very few is known in this setting. In this paper we prove that, in a non-compact rank one symmetric space, the geodesic balls uniquely maximize the first Steklov eigenvalue among the domains of fixed volume, extending to this context a result of Brock in the Euclidean space. Then we show that a stability version of the ensuing Brock-Weinstock inequality holds. The idea behind the proof is to exploit a suitable weighted isoperimetric inequality which we prove to hold true, as well as in a stability form, on harmonic manifolds. Eventually we show that, in general, the geodesic balls are not global maximizers on the standard sphere.
Models for $(\infty, n)$-categories and the cobordism hypothesis

In this paper we introduce the models for $(\infty, n)$-categories which have been developed to date, as well as the comparisons between them that are known and conjectured. We review the role of $(\infty, n)$-categories in the proof of the Cobordism Hypothesis.
Gromov hyperbolicity and the Kobayashi metric on "convex" sets

In this paper we study the global geometry of the Kobayashi metric on "convex" sets. We provide new examples of non-Gromov hyperbolic domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ of many kinds: pseudoconvex and non-pseudocon \newline -vex, bounded and unbounded. Our first aim is to prove that if $\Omega$ is a bounded weakly linearly convex domain in $\mathbb{C}^n,\,n\geq 2,$ and $S$ is an affine complex hyperplane intersecting $\Omega,$ then the domain $\Omega\setminus S$ endowed with the Kobayashi metric is not Gromov hyperbolic (Theorem 1.3). Next we localize this result on Kobayashi hyperbolic convex domains. Namely, we show that Gromov hyperbolicity of every open set of the form $\Omega\setminus S',$ where $S'$ is relatively closed in $\Omega$ and $\Omega$ is a convex domain, depends only on that how $S'$ looks near the boundary, i.e., whether $S'$ near $\partial\Omega$ (Theorem 1.7). We close the paper with a general remark on Hartogs type domains. The paper extends in an essential way results in [6].
Implementation of Various Modulation Techniques to a PV Fed Solar Inverter with High Gain DC-DC Converter in Standalone Applications

The installed capacity of solar power producing systems has expanded during the past several decades. As a result of varying weather conditions, the output of a PV array is often an unregulated DC supply. Using a high step-up DC-DC converter, the maximum power is monitored in response to temperature and irradiance. This converter can increase more voltage than a traditional boost converter, and as a result, the switch is subjected to little stress. The incremental conductance approach achieves maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The incremental conductance technique enhances efficiency and can follow any parameter change. The output of high step-up DC-DC converter is the input to the inverter. Various pulse width modulation methods are used to a diode-clamped multilevel inverter in this study. MATLAB is used throughout the whole process of designing and developing the system. The outcomes of the simulation show that the MPPT algorithm may operate well with a number of different Pulse Width Modulation strategies when applied to a five-level diode clamped multi-level inverter in stand alone system.
Correlations of multiplicative functions and applications

We give an asymptotic formula for correlations $$\begin{eqnarray}\mathop{\sum }_{n\leqslant x}f_{1}(P_{1}(n))f_{2}(P_{2}(n))\cdots f_{m}(P_{m}(n)),\end{eqnarray}$$ where $f,\ldots ,f_{m}$ are bounded ‘pretentious’ multiplicative functions, under certain natural hypotheses. We then deduce several desirable consequences. First, we characterize all multiplicative functions $f:\mathbb{N}\rightarrow \{-1,+1\}$ with bounded partial sums. This answers a question of Erdős from $1957$ in the form conjectured by Tao. Second, we show that if the average of the first divided difference of the multiplicative function is zero, then either $f(n)=n^{s}$ for $\operatorname{Re}(s)<1$ or $|f(n)|$ is small on average. This settles an old conjecture of Kátai. Third, we apply our theorem to count the number of representations of $n=a+b$ , where $a,b$ belong to some multiplicative subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ . This gives a new ‘circle method-free’ proof of a result of Brüdern.
Efficiency Analysis of Optimal PWM Method for Boost Inverter Applied to Electric/Hybrid Vehicles

For drive train topologies, it is vital to evaluate the consequences of applying different pulse width modulation (PWM) methods for low energy consumption objects. This paper investigates a Boost Inverter for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (HVs). Three PWM methods, including space vector PWM (SVPWM), power factor adaptation discontinuous PWM (PFA-DPWM), and $240^{\circ} -$clamped PWM (240CPWM), are presented and analyzed in the performance of Boost Inverter. The comparative analysis of switching loss and harmonic distortion shows that the switching loss of 240CPWM was reduced by 86.6% compared with SVPWM at unit power factor and 240CPWM has a similar harmonic distortion factor compared with SVPWM. Simulation results from a permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and Boost Inverter drive topology with a variable-voltage control technique are presented. Based on the loss model of SiC MOSFET, the Boost Inverter efficiencies are shown in the form of efficiency maps used to validate the efficiency performance of different PWM methods. The simulation results demonstrate that the 240CPWM shows a higher efficiency of the Boost Inverter than the SVPWM and PFADPWM methods.
Bounded normal generation for projective unitary groups of certain infinite operator algebras

We study the question how quickly products of a fixed conjugacy class cover the entire group in the projective unitary group of the connected component of the identity of the Calkin algebra, as well as the projective unitary group of a factor von Neumann algebra of type III. Our result is that the number of factors that are needed is as small as permitted by the (essential) operator norm - in analogy to a result of Liebeck-Shalev for non-abelian finite simple groups and analogous results for unitary groups of II_1-factors.
On Stochastic Shell Models of Turbulence

We prove existence of weak and strong solutions and uniqueness for a viscous dyadic model driven by additive white noise in time using a path-wise approach. Existence of invariant measures also established and a simple balance relation among the mean rates of energy injection, dissipation and flux is derived and we investigate the asymptotic exponents $\zeta_{p}$ of the $p$-order structure functions.
Enhancement in Electrical Properties of Impact Polypropylene Copolymer for Cable Insulation Induced by Rapid Cooling

Impact polypropylene copolymer (IPC) is a promising eco-friendly power cable insulating material with great potential to replace the thermosetting cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE). This article compares the breakdown strength and water tree resistance of IPC and isotactic polypropylene (iPP) after different cooling rates. Unexpectedly, an abnormal enhancement of IPC’s insulating property is discovered. The breakdown strength and water tree resistance of IPC are both increased after rapid cooling, which is opposite to the electrical property deterioration generally found on iPP and XLPE with similar treatment. To reveal the mechanism of abnormal enhancement of IPC, the crystalline structure, phase morphology, and trap distribution are characterized. The results indicate that rapid cooling induces an abnormal increase in the crystallinity of IPC due to the formation of $\beta $ crystals, which in turn increases the deep trap level and density and leads to enhanced breakdown strength. Moreover, the formation of $\beta $ crystal can also enhance the inter-lamellar coupling and result in higher tensile yield strength, further, decreasing the water tree initiation probability. These results reveal that rapid cooling can significantly regulate the performance of IPC, which should be given serious consideration for the application of IPC in cable insulation.
AQE-Net: A Deep Learning Model for Estimating Air Quality of Karachi City from Mobile Images

Air quality has a significant influence on the environment and health. Instruments that efficiently and inexpensively detect air quality could be extremely valuable in detecting air quality indices. This study presents a robust deep learning model named AQE-Net, for estimating air quality from mobile images. The algorithm extracts features and patterns from scene photographs collected by the camera device and then classifies the images according to air quality index (AQI) levels. Additionally, an air quality dataset (KARACHI-AQI) of high-quality outdoor images was constructed to enable the model’s training and assessment of performance. The sample data were collected from an air quality monitoring station in Karachi City, Pakistan, comprising 1001 hourly datasets, including photographs, PM2.5 levels, and the AQI. This study compares and examines traditional machine learning algorithms, e.g., a support vector machine (SVM), and deep learning models, such as VGG16, InceptionV3, and AQE-Net on the KHI-AQI dataset. The experimental findings demonstrate that, compared to other models, AQE-Net achieved more accurate categorization findings for air quality. AQE-Net achieved 70.1% accuracy, while SVM, VGG16, and InceptionV3 achieved 56.2% and 59.2% accuracy, respectively. In addition, MSE, MAE, and MAPE values were calculated for our model (1.278, 0.542, 0.310), which indicates the remarkable efficacy of our approach. The suggested method shows promise as a fast and accurate way to estimate and classify pollutants from only captured photographs. This flexible and scalable method of assessment has the potential to fill in significant gaps in the air quality data gathered from costly devices around the world.
Task-dependent Optimal Weight Combinations for Static Embeddings

A variety of NLP applications use word2vec skip-gram, GloVe, and fastText word embeddings. These models learn two sets of embedding vectors, but most practitioners use only one of them, or alternately an unweighted sum of both. This is the first study to systematically explore a range of linear combinations between the first and second embedding sets. We evaluate these combinations on a set of six NLP benchmarks including IR, POS-tagging, and sentence similarity. We show that the default embedding combinations are often suboptimal and demonstrate 1.0-8.0% improvements. Notably, GloVes default unweighted sum is its least effective combination across tasks. We provide a theoretical basis for weighting one set of embeddings more than the other according to the algorithm and task. We apply our findings to improve accuracy in applications of cross-lingual alignment and navigational knowledge by up to 15.2%.
A Cycle Class Map from Chow Groups with Modulus to Relative $K$-Theory

Let $\bar{X}$ be a smooth quasi-projective $d$-dimensional variety over a field $k$ and let $D$ be an effective Cartier divisor on it. In this note, we construct cycle class maps from (a variant of) the higher Chow group with modulus of the pair $(\bar{X},D)$ in the range $(d+n, n)$ to the relative $K$-groups $K_n(\bar{X}, D)$ for every $n\geq 0$.