Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the role of frequency and similarity in the acquisition of subject and non-subject relative clauses

Frequency and similarity are important determinants for the acquisition of children’s early item-based constructions. This paper argues that frequency and similarity are equally important for the development of more complex and intricate grammatical phenomena such as relative clauses. Specifically, the paper shows that the acquisition of relative clauses is crucially determined by the similarity between particular types of relative clauses and simple SVO constructions. Two specific hypotheses are proposed: First, since subject relatives have the same word order as ordinary SVO clauses, they usually cause fewer difficulties in comprehension studies than non-subject relatives. Second, while non-subject relatives are structurally distinct from SVO clauses, semantically they are expressed by prototypical transitive constructions, which arguably helps the child to learn this type of relative clause.
New initialization method for cluster center

The k-means clustering algorithm is prone to be trapped into local optima by inappropriate initial cluster centers.For this reason,the existing initialization methods for the cluster center have not been widely accepted.We assume that there is at least one dense subset of data in a cluster;and the dense subsets between different clusters are more distant than those in the same cluster.A minimum spanning tree is built for the given data set.The dense subsets can be found through the search from root trees,and their densities are obtained by the estimation technique for data density.The initial cluster centers are picked out from the dense subsets that are dense enough and distant enough from each other.The comparisons between the proposed method and current methods show that the performance of the proposed method is promising.
Mental Health of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in the Remote Mountain Areas

Background and objective: Teaching is widely recognized as a highly stressful profession. Job stress leads to emotional exhaustion, which in turn triggers teacher attrition. The cost is estimated as USD 2.2 billion annually for teacher dropouts. It is therefore important to understand the mental state of teachers and the factors that may influence it in order to provide the appropriate early intervention. In the past, more attention has been paid to the mental status of teachers in economically developed cities, but less research has been conducted in remote cities. In this study, we selected primary and secondary school teachers in a typical area to assess their mental health, thereby contributing to the development of effective mental health education programs for teachers in primary and secondary schools. Materials and methods: In this study, 1102 teachers from a typical city in Ningxia Province, characterized by remote mountain areas, minority communities, and a low economic level, participated. The mental status of the teachers was assessed by a Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The effects of gender, age, level of education, place of work, and marital status on the total SCL-90 score were recorded and compared. The subscale scores of the SCL-90 and the differences among the respondents with various characteristics were analyzed. Results: In total, 1025 data were valid and used for statistical analysis. The effective rate of this study was 93.01%. The analysis showed that 25.17% of the subjects had possible mental problems. There were significant differences in age and marital status (p < 0.001). The score of teachers less than 30 years old was lower than that of other teachers (p = 0.001 vs. 30–39; p < 0.001 vs. 40–49; p < 0.001 vs. ≥50). The no-marriage teachers had the lowest score than the married group or others (p < 0.001 vs. married; p < 0.05 vs. others). Compared to the norm, teachers’ mental status was poor, especially in somatization (p < 0.001), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.001), depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), hostility (p < 0.001), phobic anxiety (p < 0.001), and psychosis (p < 0.001). There were gender differences in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05) and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These data indicate that the mental status of these teachers is not optimistic, and married female teachers aged 40–55 years need to be given more attention. Mental health examinations can be incorporated into daily physical examination items to facilitate the timely detection and early intervention of negative emotions.
Probabilistic Collocation: An Efficient Non-Intrusive Approach for Arbitrarily Distributed Parametric Uncertainties

Complex o w and uid-structure interaction simulations require ecien t uncertainty quantication methods. In addition, a good property of an uncertainty quantication method is non-intrusiveness, meaning that existing deterministic solvers can be used for uncertainty quantication. In this paper the Probabilistic Collocation method is introduced, which combines the non-intrusiveness of the Stochastic Collocation method with the exponential convergence for arbitrary probability distributions of the Galerkin Polynomial Chaos method. Due to the non-intrusiveness and exponential convergence, the Probabilistic Collocation method requires only a few collocation points for a high accuracy. For the one dimensional piston problem the eciency of the Probabilistic Collocation method is compared with the Galerkin Polynomial Chaos method, the Non-Intrusive Polynomial Chaos method and the Stochastic Collocation method. The strength of the Probabilistic Collocation method is demonstrated by solving steady o w around a NACA0012 airfoil with an uncertain free stream velocity using a commercial o w solver. Dieren t possibilities of representing the stochastic solution are demonstrated to show the potential use of uncertainty quantication.
Ultrasound-Guided Distal Radial versus Traditional Radial Ultrasound-Guided Distal Radial versus Traditional Radial Approach for Coronary Catheterization Approach for Coronary Catheterization

Background : Proximal trans-radial approach (pTRA) has become the default choice for coronary catheterization. Recently, distal trans-radial approach (dTRA) has gained sound acceptance as an alternative access to overcome undeniable pTRA pitfalls. Nonetheless, dTRA is technically challenging because of smaller size. Aim : The aim was to assess safety and feasibility of dTRA compared with pTRA using ultrasound guidance. Patients and methods : A prospective observational study enrolled 100 patients eligible for coronary catheterization. The patients were divided into group I (pTRA ¼ 50 patients) and group II (dTRA ¼ 50 patients), which in turn subdivided into group A (blind dTRA ¼ 25 patients) and group B (ultrasound-guided dTRA ¼ 25 patients). The demographic and preprocedural/postprocedural data were collected. The primary end points were radial puncture and procedure success, and the secondary end points were number of puncture attempts, total puncture, procedure and radiation times, and local vascular complications. Results : Percutaneous coronary intervention was accomplished in 23 and 21% in pTRA and dTRA groups, respectively. Successful radial cannulation (94 vs. 90%) and procedure completion (92 vs. 90%) were not different between both groups ( P ¼ 0.71 and 1.0, respectively). Number of puncture attempts and cannulation time were signi ﬁ cantly less in the pTRA group ( P ¼ 0.017 and 0.001, respectively). In the dTRA group, the ultrasound-guidance recompletion led to signi ﬁ cantly lower vascular puncture attempts ( P ¼ 0.001). Despite the incidence of complications were recognized more frequently in the pTRA group, it did not reach statistical signi ﬁ cance. Conclusion : Distal radial approach is a safe and feasible alternative route for coronary catheterization. Ultrasound guidance helped to overcome the puncture challenges of this relatively new technique.
On Finite Mixture of two-Component Exponentiated Gamma Distribution

Abstr act: This article is cons idered with the problem of es timating the parameters , reliability and failure rate functions of the finite mixture of two components fro m e xp o nentiated gamma dis tributions . The maximum likelihood and Bayes methods of es timation are used. An approximatio n fo rm due to Lindley (1980) is used for obtaining the Bayes es timates under the squared e rro r loss and LINEX loss functions . Comparisons are mad e b e t we e n these es timators and the maximum likelihood ones us ing Monte Carlo s imulation s tudy.
Characterizations of Aircraft Icing Environments that Include Supercooled Large Drops

Abstract Measurements of aircraft icing environments that include supercooled large drops (SLD) greater than 50 μm in diameter have been made during 38 research flights. These flights were conducted during the First and Third Canadian Freezing Drizzle Experiments. A primary objective of each project was the collection of in situ microphysics data in order to characterize aircraft icing environments associated with SLD. In total there were 2793 30-s averages obtained in clouds with temperatures less than or equal to 0°C, maximum droplet sizes greater than or equal to 50 μm, and ice crystal concentrations less than 1 L−1. The data include measurements from 12 distinct environments in which SLD were formed through melting of ice crystals followed by supercooling in a lower cold layer and from 27 distinct environments in which SLD were formed through a condensation and collision–coalescence process. The majority of the data were collected at temperatures between 0° and −14°C, in stratiform winter clouds assoc.
Graduate Student Literature review: The problem of calf mortality in dairy farms.

Calf mortality can be used as an indicator of animal health and welfare in dairy farms. However, there are several challenges surrounding the estimation and reporting of this metric, specifically: (1) lack of records or reliable data, (2) how data are collected, and (3) inconsistencies in calculation and definition used. Therefore, despite its importance, the lack of consensus on a definition of calf mortality makes it difficult to compare mortality rates between dairy farms or studies. Monitoring factors associated with calf mortality is vital to create preventative strategies. Although common strategies have been set about how to raise dairy calves and manage dairy calves, discrepancies among studies evaluating factors associated with calf mortality are still present. This review summarizes research on the evaluation of calf mortality and associated risk factors. Specifically, the lack of reliable data and standardization of the definition of calf mortality. In addition, current strategies to monitor and prevent calf mortality will be presented in this review.
Optimizing the effect of plant protease on different properties of analog cheese containing functional corn leachate

Abstract Cheese is produced in different flavors, textures, and forms by coagulating the milk protein casein. This study investigated the possibility of producing analog cheese by using corn steep liquor with Withania coagulans extract (WCE) and adding Eryngium planum extract (EPE) and Origanum majorana extract (OME) as functional ingredients. Different physicochemical, microbial, texture, and sensory properties of the samples were evaluated. The results obtained for moisture factor, fat, ash, water content, L*, b*, firmness, overall form, Lactobacillus and overall acceptance of the effect of all three process variables, pH, and acidity show that only the effect of WCE and OME is significant. Also, the protein of the samples was significant only on WCE and EPE (p < .001). The results showed that an increase in the levels of independent variables resulted in an increase in the amount of moisture, ash, protein, Lactobacillus, and b* and a decrease in fat, syneresis, texture properties, coliform, and lightness. Evaluation of the overall acceptance showed that consumer acceptance increased with the increase in WCE, but it initially increased and then decreased with the increase in EPE and OME levels. Finally, the samples containing 1.5% WCE, 1% EPE, and 0.5% OME were chosen as the optimized ones.
Experimental Study on the Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Robotic Hawkmoth Manduca sexta model

Time-course force measurement and time-resolved PIV studies were conducted in order to investigate unsteady aerodynamic characteristics. A dynamically scaled-up robotic wing model was operated underwater within the Reynolds number range of 7.4×10 – similar to a hovering hawkmoth. In the stroke section, the tendencies of each CL were substantially obeyed to the translational velocity profiles. This indicated the appositeness of the quasisteady estimation in the stroke phase. Also, the CL traces in the rotational phase showed that the wing-wake interaction was a localized phenomenon that appeared in a temporally and spatially narrow section right after the stroke reversal. It was found that the wing-wake interaction was impacted by the rotational profiles, i.e. the level of the rotational velocity rather than the change of the translational profiles. The PIV results demonstrated that the vortical structures near the stroke reversal, which were clearly described the LEV of the previous stroke, the TEVs due to the wing rotation, and the LEV of the next stroke. Timeline vorticity distributions showed that the TEV1 was generated by the impulsive start of the wing rotation. Such structures pointed out that the characteristics of the wing-wake interaction were not associated with the LEV of the next stroke, but substantially related with the TEV2.
Uniqueness of Tryptophan in the Transport System in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues

Amino acids are important substances that must be transported to tissues such as the brain and muscles. The process is considered insulin dependent. It is not known whether all the amino acids are almost equally dependent in their transportation to tissues. We want to know whether some important amino acids are transported differently from other amino acids. Especially tryptophan is important because it is converted to serotonin, melatonin or kynurenine. Results showed that Amino acids levels in the plasma were measured after the intakes of 50 grams of glucose or sucrose to young (18 - 22 years old) and old (≥50 years old) men. Total amino acids in the plasma decreased after the intakes of glucose. Total amino acids levels decreased more significantly in old men after the administration of sucrose. Total and non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased significantly at 120 min after the intakes of glucose in young and old men, but only sucrose caused their decreases in both aged and young men. Both glucose and sucrose intakes decreased significantly the plasma levels of the total essential and branched amino acids in young and old men. Surprisingly, plasma levels of tryptophan did not decrease upon the administration of glucose but only slightly decreased upon the administration of sucrose in young men. In conclusion, not all the amino acids were transported well into tissues upon the administration of glucose or sucrose. Tryptophan seems to be relatively resistant for insulin to facilitate the transportation into tissues.
THE VARIATIONAL HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION METHOD FOR ANALYTIC TREATMENT FOR LINEAR AND NONLINEAR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

In a recent paper, M.A. Noor et al. (Hindawi publishing corporation, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Volume 2008, Article ID 696734, 11 pages, doi:10.1155/2008/696734) proposed the variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) for solving higher dimentional initial boundary value problems. In this paper, we consider the proposed method for analytic treatment of the linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations, homogeneous or inhomogeneous. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple and can be applied for other linear and nonlinear problems in mathematical.
Evaluation of Immunogenicity of Enterobactin Conjugate Vaccine for the Control of E. coli Mastitis in Dairy Cows.

Mastitis is the most common disease of dairy cows that incurs severe economic losses to the dairy industry. Currently, environmental mastitis pathogens are a major problem for most dairy farms. A current commercially available E. coli vaccine does not prevent clinical mastitis and production losses, likely due to antibody accessibility and antigenic variation issues. Therefore, a novel vaccine that prevents clinical disease and production losses is critically needed. Recently a nutritional immunity approach, which restricts bacterial iron uptake by immunologically sequestering conserved iron-binding enterobactin (Ent), has been developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin-Enterobactin (KLH-Ent) conjugate vaccine in dairy cows. Twelve pregnant Holstein dairy cows in their 1st - 3rd lactations were randomized to the control or vaccine group, with 6 cows per group. The vaccine group received 3 subcutaneous vaccinations of KLH-Ent with adjuvants at drying off (D0), 20 (D21) and 40 (D42) days after drying off. The control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) mixed with the same adjuvants at the same time points. Vaccination effects were assessed over the study period until the end of the first month of lactation. The KLH-Ent vaccine did not cause any systemic adverse reactions or reduction in milk production. Compared with the control group, the vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of serum Ent-specific IgG at calving (C0) and 30 d post calving (C30), mainly its IgG2 fraction, which was significantly higher at D42, C0, C14 and C30 d, with no significant change in IgG1 levels. Milk Ent-specific IgG and IgG2 levels in the vaccine group were significantly higher on C30. Fecal microbial community structures were similar for both control and vaccine groups on the same day and shifted directionally along the sampling days. In conclusion, the KLH-Ent vaccine successfully triggered strong Ent-specific immune responses in dairy cows without significantly affecting the gut microbiota diversity and health. The results show that Ent conjugate vaccine is a promising nutritional immunity approach in control of E. coli mastitis in dairy cows.
Performance of DOA estimation for correlated sources by forward-backward spatial smoothing

A practical realization of forward-backward spatial smoothing algorithm is proposed.The relationship between the number of sub-arrays and the de-correlating performance of spatial smoothing algorithm is analyzed quantitatively in the case of stat sense.Academic analysis indicates that the correlation coefficient is reduced and the independence among uncorrelated signal sources is reserved after adoption of the algorithm.At the end,simulated results about the mutual relation between the number of sub-arrays and the distinguishing probability under different SNR on the premise of fixed total array elements are given,and the efficiency of the algorithm is tested.
Broadband electronically tunable reflection-based phase shifter for active-steering microwave reflectarray systems in Ku-band

Abstract This document provides the design of an electronically reconfigurable microwave phase shifter for reflectarray systems. The phase shifter is based on a hybrid coupler with reflective circuits in three ports. Each reflective circuit introduces a phase variation that can be modified due to the variable capacity value of a varactor inserted in it. The phase shifting process includes three different stages of phase shifting for the incoming signal in its way through the phase shifter: the signal is conducted through the device towards the reflective circuits in four different ways. The input port of the device is also the output one, providing the desired reflective phase shifting effect. This device is of great interest in reflectarray applications in order to provide more than 360° of controllable phase shifting at each array element. The document includes the complete design of the phase shifter along with its design parameters and circuital behaviour.
Phenotypic and Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Fetal Neural Progenitor Cells Exposed to Pesticide Compounds

Various forms of pesticides have been reported to be among the environmental toxicants, which are detrimental to human health. The active ingredients of these formulations can enter the human body through air, food, or water. Epidemiological studies suggest that these compounds strongly affect the developing brain in fetal and infant stages due to their ability to breach the underdeveloped blood–brain barrier. Since neural progenitor stem cells (NPCs) in the developing brain are the most vulnerable to these compounds, the mechanisms by which NPCs experience toxicity upon exposure to these chemicals must be investigated. Here, we assessed the viability of human fetal NPCs in 2D cultures in the presence of the active ingredients of six widely used pesticides using Live/Dead® and Hoechst staining. The IC50 values ranged from 4.1–201 μM. A significant drop in cell viability with increasing toxicant concentration (p < 0.01) was noted, with the order of toxicity being malathion < 4-aminopyridine < methoprene < prallethrin < temephos < pyriproxyfen. Changes in cellular biomechanical characteristics (Young’s modulus, tether force, membrane tension, and tether radius) were quantified using atomic force microscopy, whereas cell migration was elucidated over 48 h using a customized wound-healing assay. The Young’s modulus of fetal NPCs exposed to IC50/2 doses of these compounds was reduced by 38–70% and that of those exposed to IC50 doses was reduced by 71–80% (p < 0.001 vs. controls for both; p < 0.01 for IC50 vs. IC50/2 for each compound). Similar patterns were noted for tether forces and membrane tension in fetal NPCs. NPC migration was found to be compound type- and dose-dependent. These results attest to the significant detrimental effects of these compounds on various aspects of the human fetal NPC phenotype, and the utility of cell mechanics as a marker to assess developmental neurotoxicity.
THE DRAZIN AND MOORE{PENROSE INVERSE IN C-ALGEBRAS

In this paper we give an explicit representation of the Moore{Penrose inverse in a C-algebra in terms of the Drazin inverse of a quasipolar element, and derive properties of the Moore{Penrose inverse from the theory of the Drazin inverse. Results include an alternative proof that regularity implies Moore{Penrose invertibility, and a simplied proof of the continuity theorem for the Moore{Penrose inverse.
Terminalia chebula-Assisted Silver Nanoparticles: Biological Potential, Synthesis, Characterization, and Ecotoxicity

In the current research, an aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula fruit was used to produce silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in a sustainable manner. UV-visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. Synthesized Ag NPs were detected since their greatest absorption peak was seen at 460 nm. The synthesized Ag NPs were spherical and had an average size of about 50 nm, with agglomerated structures, as shown via SEM and TEM analyses. The biological activities of the synthesized Ag NPs were evaluated in terms of their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, as well as protein leakage and time-kill kinetics assays. The results suggest that the green synthesized Ag NPs possess significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities, making them a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the study also evaluated the potential toxicological effects of the Ag NPs using zebrafish embryos as a model organism. The findings indicate that the synthesized Ag NPs did not induce any significant toxic effects on zebrafish embryos, further supporting their potential as therapeutic agents. In conclusion, the environmentally friendly production of Ag NPs using the extract from T. chebula is a promising strategy for discovering novel therapeutic agents with prospective uses in biomedicine.