Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Sheer Rock Outcrops Using Digital Elevation Models for Ecological Conservation

Rock outcrops serve as unique habitats for several specialist species, yet their identification and conservation are challenged due to logistical and computational constraints. This study aimed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of locating sheer rock outcrops (>60 cm in height) using high- and medium-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and conditional inference trees, a recursive binary partitioning approach to predict an outcome. In our application, the outcome is the presence of sheer rock outcrops. We used slope and topographic position index (TPI) as predictors. The conditional inference tree models estimated slope thresholds of 38.4° for high-resolution DEM and 18.14° for medium-resolution DEM as indicative of sheer rock outcrop presence. These findings align with a previous study, adding a layer of validity. In addition, a TPI >0.137 in the high-resolution DEM provided additional accuracy of sheer rock outcrop presence and the medium-resolution (∼10 m) DEM can be used when high-resolution (1 m) DEM is not available. This is particularly relevant for large-scale conservation efforts where computational resources may be limited. However, high-resolution DEM is recommended for more precise quantification of the total area of sheer rock outcrops. Our study has significant implications for efficiently locating sheer rock outcrops and identifying putative areas for protection to help conserve species that rely on these unique habitats while minimizing the logistical constraints of previous methods. The modular methodology developed here could serve as an invaluable approach for broader rock outcrop conservation. Furthermore, our findings add momentum to further innovate remote sensing of unique habitats.
Land Equation Value of Secondary Plant Polyculture System in High Land and Low Land Farmers

Cropping pattern systems can affect the level of productivity of land, land use by applying the right cropping system is not only able to increase production but can improve the efficiency of use of space and time. The polyculture (intercropping) system of secondary crops is a potential model to be developed. The needs of secondary crops such as corn and soybeans in Indonesia have increased from year to year, but their production has not been able to meet market demand. This is due to reduced agricultural land for cultivation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of land use of polyculture systems of secondary crops carried out by highland and lowland farmers. This research was carried out on farmland which carried out the cropping pattern of the polyculture system of secondary crops which was 60 days old. Quantitative descriptive research method through surveys using questionnaires. The results showed that the highest value of land equality (NKL) occurred in corn-peanuts. The soil was 5.7 and the lowest was polyculture systems of green beans (1.5). This study suggests that farmers in both regions, a highland and lowland farmers, are given socialization and training on maximum land use so that they can increase knowledge and increase farmer household income.
Using Support Vector Regression Kernel Models for Cricket Performance Prediction in the Womens Premier League 2024

Background. The interest in women’s premier league cricket has caused the need for advanced analytics to understand the multifaceted dynamics of the sport. Study Purpose. This study aimed to contribute to sports analytics by assessing the efficacy of Support Vector Regression (SVR) kernel models in predicting the most valuable player. Such research methods as ANOVA, Bessel function, and Inverse MultiQuadratic kernel application have been deliberately chosen for their diverse mathematical approaches, aligning with the nuanced intricacies of women's premier league cricket. Materials and methods. Player performance was analyzed by using the following study methods: ANOVA, Bessel function and Inverse MultiQuadratic kernel application. The data, sourced from espncricinfo.com and the International Cricket Council, includes essential metrics for five teams. Rigorous preprocessing techniques, such as imputation and outlier removal, enhance data reliability, ensuring robust predictive models. Results. The application of the Inverse MultiQuadratic kernel exhibits exceptional predictive performance, surpassing ANOVA and Bessel function models. The kernels radial basis function proves effective in capturing the intricate dynamics of women’s premier league cricket. The findings underscore the suitability of kernel method for predicting standout performers in the Womenʼs Premier League 2024 season. Conclusions. The study revealed the dynamic interplay between sports analytics and machine learning in women's premier league cricket. The application of the Inverse MultiQuadratic kernel stands out as the most effective model, providing key insights into player predictions. This emphasizes the continual integration of advanced analytical techniques to enhance our understanding of the evolving landscape of women’s premier league cricket. As the sport gains prominence on the global stage, such analytical endeavors become imperative for strategic decision-making and sustained growth.
Exploring the Digital Divide in Open Education: A Comparative Analysis of Undergraduate Students

In the 21st century, the widespread use of information technologies has made access to technology, technology usage skills, and the quality of technology services increasingly important. However, the digital divide—defined as a lack of access to telecommunications—remains a significant issue that separates developed countries from developing countries. This study aimed to explore the digital divide in open education by comparing the digital divide levels of first term and last term or graduate students enrolled in the Anadolu University Open Education System. The study also examined how factors such as gender, age, income level, and employment status impact digital competency by comparing the digital divide scores of participants in these groups. The findings of the study suggest that first-term students have higher levels of digital competency than final-term students. The study also found that males, people aged 30–40, those with high incomes, and those working in the private sector had the highest digital competency scores. These results can be used to inform the development and implementation of open and distance learning programs to reduce the digital divide, as well as to identify specific groups that may be at a disadvantage in terms of digital competency.
Smart parenting program on parenting behavior and the risk of behavioral problems among a dyad of school children and their parents

The study examines the impact of smart parenting program on parenting behavior and the risk of behavioral problems among schoolchildren. Behavioral problems are certain disruptive actions that may be seen in various patterns in all age groups of children. This study sought to evaluate the effect of a researcher-designed SMART parenting program on parenting behavior and the risk of behavioral problems among schoolchildren and their parents in selected corporation schools in Coimbatore City, Tamil Nadu. A quantitative research approach with a pre- and post-test with a Control Group Design was adopted. Totally, 1202 schoolchildren between 8-13 years old were screened, and 129 children were identified as being at risk. The SMART Parenting program was administered to the parents in experimental group. The results of the study revealed a significant increase in parenting behavior and a decrease in the risk of behavioral problems after intervention among the children in the experimental group. An analysis of the impact of the SMART parenting programme on both groups revealed a noteworthy enhancement in parenting behaviour and a decrease in the risk of behavioural problems among parents and children in the experimental group. The SMART parenting program was highly effective in promoting parenting behavior and reducing the risk of behavioral problems among school children. Therefore, it can be widely used by school authorities, by community health nurses, and also by pediatric nurses in hospital settings.
Energy System Contributions in Repeated Sprint Tests: 
Protocol and Sex Comparison

The aim of this study was to investigate the energy system contributions to different repeated sprint protocols and also to determine sex-related differences in these contributions. Sixteen men and fourteen women team sport athletes randomly performed two cycling repeated sprint protocols with the same total duration (10 x 6 s and 6 x 10 s). Relative peak power (RPP), relative mean power (RMP), performance decrement (PD), oxygen uptake (VO2), blood lactate (LA), heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were measured. The contributions of energy systems were calculated from oxygen consumption and lactate values during rest, exercise and recovery phases based on mathematical methods. Findings indicate that men had higher RPP and RMP. RPP did not differ according to protocols, while RMP was higher in the 10 x 6 s protocol. The sex effect in PD was similar; however, it was higher in the 6 x 10 s protocol. The effects of protocols on the maximum HR and LA were similar; however, the 6 x 10 s protocol resulted in higher RPEs. In both protocols women had higher ATP-PCr and men had higher glycolytic system contribution with similar oxidative system contribution. In addition, the 10 x 6 s protocol had higher ATP-PCr system contribution and the 6 x 10 s protocol had higher glycolytic system and oxidative system contributions. In conclusion, the contribution of energy systems, physiological and performance variables showed variations according to sex and different protocols.
Recent climate variability at the Antarctic Peninsula and coastal Dronning Maud Land, based onstable water isotope data

The Antarctic Peninsula (AP) is a hotspot of the recent climate instability of the Antarctic Continent. The highest warming trends are observed at north (Esperanza station +0.4°C decade-1) and the west (+0.6°C decade-1) of AP. On the other hand, the interior of the continent and most of coastal East Antarctica does not show any clear warming (cooling) trend. Only isolated spots of warming and cooling around the coastal areas are detected. In this thesis, the recent climate variability of two coastal regions of Antarctica is investigated. This study is mainly based on the analysis of stables water isotope of firn cores and precipitation samples from these regions. First, the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the George Island (South Shetland Islands) are investigated. From the combined isotope composition of precipitation and a backward trajectories model, it was found that the precipitation at this region originates mainly from the South Pacific sector (warmer) and the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea (colder). From a firn core retrieved at the AP divide (Plateau Laclavere), a first accumulation rate (2350 kg m-2 a-1) has been derived for this unexplored region. The stable water isotope composition of firn cores shows a statistically significant correlation with air temperature (T air), and to relative humidity and sea ice conditions at the nearby Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea. Moreover, a marked correlation is found between the isotope composition and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Hence, SAM is the principal mode of the climate variability on the region in a sub-annual to inter-annual time scale, as observed from the time series analysis of meteorological data and form long ice core records (Gomez Plateau). The second area investigated is located in coastal Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica. DML shows no T air trends for the last 20 years from meteorological records. The stable water isotope composition of four cores from the hinterland and one core from Ekstromisen, expand the meteorological record back to ~1892 AD. From these records no significant trend is observed from the δ18O time series since 1960. According, no temporal changes of the accumulation rates are observed, which strongly vary from the coast (360 kg m-2 a-1) to the hinterland (1260 kg m-2 a-1). In contrary to AP no consistent correlation are found between SAM and long isotope records, and only sporadic periods (e.g.: 1970-2000) of statistically significant correlations occurs between SAM and δ18O (T air). Moreover, the strongest SAM and δ18O (T air) correlation are found for the summer season. The recent climate variability of coastal Antarctica is clearly modulated by the major climate mode (SAM and ENSO), however both records for both DML and the AP are too short to reflect a reliable climatic picture of the post-industrial era. Therefore we propose two new localities for coring campaigns aiming to retrieve a medium depth (150-200 m ice) core in AP (Plateau Laclavere) and a medium to depth (>300 m) at DML (Halvfarryggen).
Automatic Navigation for A Mobile Robot with Real Time Depth Kinect Sensor and Map Database

The ability view and remember the conditions surrounding is important in navigation. Ability of the kinect sensor have limitations viewing angles, and limitations reading the distance. Due to not all objects can reflect laser light very well. This research the proposed navigation system uses data of kinect depth and databases map. The experiment uses a mini computer (raspberry pi 2) to process data of kinect. Average processing each frame is 379.73 ms, the processing speed is not too fast, but navigation mobile robot can be resolved.
A Unified Moisture Mode Framework for Seasonality of the Madden–Julian Oscillation

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) exhibits pronounced seasonality. While it is largely characterized by equatorially eastward propagation during the boreal winter, MJO convection undergoes marked poleward movement over the Asian monsoon region during summer, producing a significant modulation of monsoon rainfall. In classical MJO theories that seek to interpret the distinct seasonality in MJO propagation features, the role of equatorial wave dynamics has been emphasized for its eastward propagation, whereas coupling between MJO convection and the mean monsoon flow is considered essential for its northward propagation. In this study, a unified physical framework based on the moisture mode theory, is offered to explain the seasonality in MJO propagation. Moistening and drying caused by horizontal advection of the lower-tropospheric mean moisture by MJO winds, which was recently found to be critical for the eastward propagation of the winter MJO, is also shown to play a dominant role in operating the northward propagation of the summer MJO. The seasonal variations in the mean moisture pattern largely shape the distinct MJO propagation in different seasons. The critical role of the seasonally varying climatological distribution of moisture for the MJO propagation is further supported by the close association between model skill in representing the MJO propagation and skill at producing the lower-tropospheric mean moisture pattern. This study thus pinpoints an important direction for climate model development for improved MJO representation during all seasons.
A bilingual benchmark for evaluating large language models

This work introduces a new benchmark for the bilingual evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in English and Arabic. While LLMs have transformed various fields, their evaluation in Arabic remains limited. This work addresses this gap by proposing a novel evaluation method for LLMs in both Arabic and English, allowing for a direct comparison between the performance of the two languages. We build a new evaluation dataset based on the General Aptitude Test (GAT), a standardized test widely used for university admissions in the Arab world, that we utilize to measure the linguistic capabilities of LLMs. We conduct several experiments to examine the linguistic capabilities of ChatGPT and quantify how much better it is at English than Arabic. We also examine the effect of changing task descriptions from Arabic to English and vice-versa. In addition to that, we find that fastText can surpass ChatGPT in finding Arabic word analogies. We conclude by showing that GPT-4 Arabic linguistic capabilities are much better than ChatGPT’s Arabic capabilities and are close to ChatGPT’s English capabilities.
Protective effects of butyrate on cerebral ischaemic injury in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Cerebral ischaemic stroke is a common disease that poses a serious threat to human health. Butyrate is an important metabolite of intestinal microorganisms. Recent studies have shown that butyrate has a significant protective effect in animal models of cerebral ischaemic injury. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of butyrate on cerebral ischaemic stroke by meta-analysis, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of butyrate in patients with cerebral ischaemia. Materials and methods A systematic search was conducted for all relevant studies published before 23 January 2024, in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. Methodological quality was assessed using Syrcle’s risk of bias tool for animal studies. Data were analysed using Rev Man 5.3 software. Results A total of nine studies were included, and compared with controls, butyrate significantly increased BDNF levels in the brain (SMD = 2.33, 95%CI = [1.20, 3.47], p < 0.005) and P-Akt expression (SMD = 3.53, 95% CI = [0.97, 6.10], p < 0.05). Butyrate also decreased IL-β levels in the brain (SMD = −2.02, 95% CI = [−3.22, −0.81], p < 0.005), TNF-α levels (SMD = −0.86, 95% CI = [−1.60, −0.12], p < 0.05), and peripheral vascular IL-1β levels (SMD = −2.10, 95%CI = [−3.59, −0.61], p < 0.05). In addition, butyrate reduced cerebral infarct volume (MD = −11.29, 95%CI = [−17.03, −5.54], p < 0.05), mNSS score (MD = −2.86, 95%CI = [−4.12, −1.60], p < 0.005), foot fault score (MD = −7.59, 95%CI = [−9.83, −5, 35], p < 0.005), and Morris water maze time (SMD = −2.49, 95%CI = [−4.42, −0.55], p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that butyrate has a protective effect on cerebral ischaemic stroke in animal models, and the mechanism is related to reducing inflammation and inhibiting apoptosis. It provides an evidence-based basis for the future clinical development of butyrate in the treatment of ischaemic stroke. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/PROSPERO/, CRD42023482844.
Satellite Observations of the Contrasting Response of Trees and Grasses to Variations in Water Availability

Interannual variations in ecosystem primary productivity are dominated by water availability. Until recently, characterizing the photosynthetic response of different ecosystems to soil moisture anomalies was hampered by observational limitations. Here, we use a number of satellite‐based proxies for productivity, including spectral indices, sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence, and data‐driven estimates of gross primary production, to reevaluate the relationship between terrestrial photosynthesis and water. In contrast to nonwoody vegetation, we find a resilience of forested ecosystems to reduced soil moisture. Sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence and data‐driven gross primary production indicate an increase in photosynthesis as a result of the accompanying higher amounts of light and temperature despite lowered light‐use‐efficiency. Conversely, remote sensing indicators of greenness reach their detection limit and largely remain stable. Our study thus highlights the differential responses of ecosystems along a tree cover gradient and illustrates the importance of differentiating photosynthesis indicators from those of greenness for the monitoring and understanding of ecosystems.
Diﬃe Hellman Key Exchange

— Diﬃe–Hellman key exchange is a cryptographic protocol that allows two parties that have no prior knowledge of each other to jointly establish a shared secret key over an insecure communications channel. This key can then be used to encrypt subsequent communications using a symmetric key cipher. The initial implementation of the protocol used the multiplicative group of integers modulo p , where p is prime and g is primitive root mod p . Both parties arrive at the same value g ab and g ba both equal to mod p , and use this value to encrypt and decrypt data. Only a , b and mod p are kept secret (private key). All the other values viz., p , g , g a mod p , and g b mod p are sent in the clear (public key). An eﬃcient algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem would make it easy to compute a or b and solve the Diﬃe–Hellman problem, making this cryptosystem insecure. The Diﬃe– Hellman protocol can be strengthened by using elliptic curve cryptography, which makes the discrete logarithm problem almost impossible to solve. Ad-vantages of ECC include its small key size and strong security, for e.g., a 160-bit key in ECC is considered to be as secure as 1024-bit key in RSA. When using Elliptic Curve Diﬃe–Hellman, it is practically impossible to ﬁnd the private key from the public key. The Diﬃe–Hellman key exchange is vulnerable to a man-in-the-middle attack, where an opponent can intercept and decrypt secured communication by subverting the keys being exchanged. We describe a few solutions to preventing man-in-the-middle attacks by modifying the Elliptic Curve Diﬃe–Hellman protocol.
Influencia de la vegetación en el funcionamiento hidrológico de cuencas de humedales de alta montaña tropical

Valencia-Leguizamon, J., Tobon, C. 2017. Influence of vegetation on the hydrological functioning of tropical high mountain wetlands basins. Ecosistemas 26(2): 10-17. Doi. : 10.7818/ECOS.2017. 26-2.02 High mountain wetlands in Colombia face large anthropogenic pressures which impact the soil and vegetation of the associated basins. Consequently, altering their functions of water supply and water regulation at different spatial scales. Accordingly, it is important to understand the effect of vegetation on the hydrological dynamics of these ecosystems. The capacity of rainfall interception by dominant vegetation was determined by induced precipitation experiments; Likewise, the evapotranspiration was calculated with the Penman-Monteith equation. The study was carried out in two wetlands of paramo ecosystems: Lagunas de Buitrago and Pantanos del Quindio (Colombia). The interception associated with low intensity rainfall events was higher than for high intensity events. The cover of frailejonales (FRJ) and chuscales (CHS) exhibited larger capacity of interception with respect to pajonales (PAJ). The net rainfall interception loss of the vegetation cover in the basin of Buitrago wetland was 181 mm out of 3930 mm of total rainfall; while in the basin of the wetland of Pantanos del Quindio this was 106 mm of 2400 mm. On the other hand, evapotranspiration at the first site was 354 mm, with maximum losses of 1.6 mm / day, while in the second it was 601 mm, with maximum losses of 3.4 mm / day. In both wetland basins the largest value of evapotranspiration occurred in the quarter December-January-February (DEF).