Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the St Helena magma source

Summary Combined Sr-Nd-Pb isotope and trace-element data for St Helena are interpreted in terms of changing thermal and chemical fluxes impinging on and interacting with the base of the lithosphere over a period of 6 Ma. The data reveal the existence of two geochemically distinct components in the St Helena source region: (i) a HIMU (high U/Pb) component which has extremely radiogenic lead isotopes (206Pb/204Pb >20.8) with 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd ratios displaced below the mantle array; (ii) a component with less radiogenic lead and strontium isotopic compositions and more radiogenic neodymium compositions. Coupled trace-element and isotope variations are evident during the activity of each volcano. During shield development an increase in incompatible-trace-element enrichment occurs. This is coupled to a decrease in 143Nd/144Nd, whilst strontium and lead isotope ratios become progressively more radiogenic with time. The time-dependent variations are thought to be consistent with high-level processes occurring at the base of, or within, the lithosphere. A decrease in the signature of the depleted component with time is shown to be the result of a decreasing thermal flux acting on the base of the lithosphere. As a consequence the degree of partial melting of the depleted component (which may reside in the lithosphere or asthenosphere) is reduced, increasing the signature of the HIMU component in the erupted magmas.
Detection of malaria in goats and sheep

Plasmodium species, as the causative agent of malaria, are a significant concern in livestock production. This study aims to investigate the presence of malaria parasites in small ruminants comprised of goats and sheep. Plasmodium infections in ungulates do not cause malaria in humans. However, they might have anopheline mosquitoes as the same vector of this parasite. This study uses molecular techniques, nested PCR, to detect Plasmodium infections in small ruminants, as traditional microscopic examination may lead to misdiagnosis. The results show that Plasmodium infections were found in goat samples from Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur, with a prevalence of 7.41% based on nested PCR assay. Notably, Plasmodium was not detected through microscopic examination, underscoring the sensitivity of molecular techniques. It should be noted that none of the goats tested positive for malaria based on microscopic examination, suggesting extremely low parasitemia levels. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding Plasmodium infections in small ruminants, shedding light on their impact on animal health and their potential role in local transmission patterns. The sample size in this study is limited. Further research with larger samples and expanded geographical scope is recommended to comprehensively understand Plasmodium prevalence in small ruminants.
Effect of crude fibre additives ARBOCEL and VITACEL on the physicochemical properties of granulated feed mixtures for broiler chickens

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties (nutrient composition, pH, water content and activity, sorption properties) and mechanical properties (compression force and energy) of granulated feed mixtures with various inclusion levels of crude fibre concentrates ARBOCEL and VITACEL for broiler chickens, i.e. +0.0% (control group - group C), +0.3%, +0.8%, +1.0%, +1.2%. Methods The feed mixtures were analyzed for their physicochemical properties (nutrient composition by near-infrared spectroscopy, pH with the use a CP-401 pH meter with an IJ-44C glass electrode, water content was determined with the drying method and activity was determined with the Aqua Lab Series 3, sorption properties was determined with the static method) and mechanical properties (compression force and energy with the use TA-HD plus texture analyzer). The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model applied in the study correctly described the sorption properties of the analyzed feed mixtures in terms of water activity. Results The fibre concentrate type affected the specific surface area of the adsorbent and equilibrium water content in the GAB monolayer (p≤0.05) (significantly statistical). The type and dose of the fibre concentrate influenced the dimensionless C and k parameters of the GAB model related to the properties of the monolayer and multilayers, respectively (p≤0.05). They also affected the pH value of the analyzed feed mixtures (p≤0.05). In addition, crude fibre type influenced water activity (p≤0.05) as well as compression energy (J) and compression force (N) (p≤0.001) (highly significantly statistical) of the feed mixtures. Conclusion The physicochemical analyses of feed mixtures with various inclusion levels (0.3%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%) of crude fiber concentrates ARBOCEL or VITACEL demonstrated that both crude fiber types may be used in the feed industry as a feedstuff material to produce starter type mixtures for broiler chickens.
Predictive Relations Between Quest For Significance And Social Media Addiction Of Adults

The aim of this study was to analyse quest for significance of adults according to their demographic features and to determine predictive relations between quest for significance and social media addiction of adults. The data of the study were collected from a total of 556 participants, 188 men and 368 women aged 18 and over. Participants were recruited by utilizing convenience sampling technique, and correlational survey method of quantitative research models was adopted within this study. Quest for Significance Scale, Social Media Addiction Scale and Personal Information Form were used as data collection tools. The data from assessment tools were analysed using the T-test, and multi-group comparisons were made using ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance). The relation between the points acquired from assessment tools was calculated using Pearson's Moments Multiplication Correlation Coefficient. Predictive relations between quest for significance and social media addiction was analysed using simple linear regression model. Significant difference was determined in quest for significance of adults as a result of the study considering age level, marital status, time spent on social media, the reason for using social media and whether using social media has any impact on sleeping pattern. On the other hand, no significant difference was determined in quest for significance of adults in terms of gender, income and educational background. A moderate positive correlation between quest for significance and social media addiction of adults was determined.
Satisfaction and Loyalty of Festival Visitors

ABSTRACT Public authorities and the private tourism sector at the destinations have long recognized the benefits of diversifying the portfolio of attractions with special events and festivals. Therefore, the special events and festivals are of paramount in terms of enhancing the experience at tourist destinations. The scope of this study is to identify the details of event performance such as the programs of a festival and indoor/outdoor facilities that influence the satisfaction and loyalty of festival visitors. These aspects need to be taken into consideration prior to planning and programming of the events in order to positively influence the visitors' satisfaction and loyalty. In this study, the results of the survey carried out during the International Camel Wrestling Festival in Ephesus, Turkey, are analyzed by multivariate data analysis to determine how visitors' satisfaction and loyalty are associated with the event performance. The study concludes that the festival area has a direct positive effect on visitor satisfaction and loyalty, whereas other independent variables such as souvenirs, food, convenience and staff attributes of festival performance have indirect positive effects.
Fusion and Comparison of Prognostic Models for Remaining Useful Life of Aircraft systems

Changes in the performance of an aircraft system will straightforwardly affect the safe operation of the aircraft, and the technical requirements of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) are highly relevant. Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction, part of the core technologies of PHM, is a cutting-edge innovation being worked on lately and an effective means to advance the change of upkeep support mode and work on the framework's security, unwavering quality, and economic reasonableness. This paper summarizes a detailed preliminary literature review and comparison of different prognostic approaches and the forecasting methods' taxonomy, the methodology's details, and provides its application to aircraft systems. It also provides a brief introduction to the predictive maintenance concept and condition-based maintenance (CBM). This article uses several predictive models to predict RUL and classifies conventional regression algorithms according to the similarity in function and form of the algorithms. More classical algorithms in each category are selected to compare the prediction results, and finally, the combined effects of the RUL prediction are obtained by weighted fusion, accuracy, and compatibility. The performance of the proposed models is assessed based on evaluations of RUL acquired from the hybrid and individual predictive models. This correlation depends on the most current prognostic metrics. The outcomes show that the proposed strategy develops precision, robustness, and adaptability. Hence, the work in this paper shall enrich the advancement of predictive maintenance and modern innovation of prognostic development.
Distributed adaptive event‐triggered protocols for directed multi‐agent networks with a dynamic leader of nonzero input

This article addresses the distributed tracking control problem of multi‐agent systems with a dynamic leader of nonzero input and under a general graph having a directed spanning tree. According to general engineering request, the communication frequency and the update frequency are often restricted, and the eigenvalue information associated with the topology matrix is probably hard to obtain. Aiming at such a kind of typical control problems, this article proposes an adaptive state feedback event‐triggered protocol, including an adaptive controller based on zero‐order hold for each follower to ensure the achievement of the tracking task and a dynamic event‐triggering condition for each agent to determine when to carry out communications and execute controllers. The proposed protocol guarantees that the tracking error asymptotically converges to zero and there exists no undesirable Zeno behavior, without requiring any eigenvalue information of Laplacian matrix. For the case where local state information is inaccessible, this article designs a state observer based on the local output and further extends to design an adaptive output feedback event‐based protocol. In addition to giving strict theoretical proof of the obtain results, this article also verifies the effectiveness of the designed protocols by giving two simulation examples. Compared with the existing related works studying distributed tracking control, it is the main contribution of the current paper that the presented protocols only require a mild connectivity condition on the network topology, and need low frequency control update and information interaction.
Trends in aerosol optical depth in northern China retrieved from sunshine duration data

A new method has been developed to retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) from sunshine duration (SSD). Retrieved AODs from SSD at the six stations in northern China in 2003–2005 agree reasonably well with AODs retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer observations near the six stations. Values and trends in AOD retrieved from SSD in Beijing and Tianjin in the period 1961–2005 also agree with those retrieved from solar radiation and visibility. These agreements allow the retrieval of credible upper and lower limits for anthropogenic AODs from SSD at the six stations during 1961–2005. The trends in anthropogenic AODs are approximately a factor of 3 to 5 lower than the trends in emissions of gas‐phase precursors of aerosols in 1973–2005, implying a significant sublinear relationship between the level of aerosols and emissions of their gas phase precursors. This finding has important implications for formulating a control strategy for PM2.5 or haze pollution in northern China.
West African ‘Stone Boys’ in the Ibadan Mining Frontiers Since the 1990s

In the last two decades of the 20th century, the city of Ibadan, capital of Oyo state, Nigeria hosted migrant entrepreneurs, “stone boys “from the West African sub-region who were actively involved in the export of gemstones. This paper drew on fieldwork to explicate how culture of migration, prevalent among West Africans, intertwined with entrepreneurship in the international gemstones trade and its implications on the Nigerian economy. It argued that gemstones trade among West African migrants was an inherited commercial heritage. It further advanced that lack of government investment in the non-oil solid mineral sector provided leeway for artisanal miners and unregulated export of gemstones; and social solidarity and identity empowered the migrants to dominate the export of gemstones
Determinants of Decision Making Under a Decentralized Regulatory Environment: A Case Study of the Asbestos Hazards Emergency Response Act (AHERA)

The Asbestos Hazards Emergency Response Act (AHERA), unlike previous environmental regulations such as the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, does not specify a standardized ambient concentration of contaminant against which compliance could be measured. The law only requires that each local education agency inspect for asbestos and, depending on the condition of the material found (undamaged, potential for damage, damaged, significantly damaged), develop and implement a management plan in a timely fashion. The broad latitude given to local authorities regarding the specific level of environmental control adopted raises a new set of regulatory design issues that differ from those involved in regulations with specific compliance standards. This study employs a logit model to assess how local factors may affect the responses that school districts make regarding the level of compliance with the federal asbestos regulations. The results show that press coverage, the effects of more organized interest groups such as unions, and the role of the courts, contribute significantly to the school district's compliance with the regulations. According to the model, the probability of initiating inspections and developing management plans will be decreased by over 60 percent if the school district has a poorer population. The survey underscores the need for regulatory planners to assess the ways in which a variety of interest groups receive and process environmental regulations.
An Index for Set Intersection With Post-Filtering

—This paper studies how to design an index structure on a collection of sets S 1 ,S 2 ,. ,S n to answer the following queries: given distinct set ids a,b ∈ [1 ,n ] , report F ( S a ∩ S b ) where F ( . ) is a filtering function. We present a solution that can support a great variety of filtering functions — range research, skyline, convex hull, nearest neighbor search, quantile (to name just a few) — with attractive performance guarantees. The guarantees are sensitive to the set collection’s pseudoarboricity , a new notion for quantifying the density of { S 1 ,S 2 ,. ,S n } . Our index structures are simple to understand and implement.
Virtual Reality in Training: A Case Study on Investigating Immersive Training for Prisoners

—This study addresses the pressing issue of prison rehabilitation by comparing traditional and Virtual Reality (VR) based training services offered by the General Directorate of Prisons in Saudi Arabia. Utilising Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) metrics such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment, the study evaluates the acceptance of VR technologies across two different headset platforms. Findings reveal that VR-based training services received significantly higher acceptance ratings than traditional methods. Both VR platforms were highly rated in terms of perceived usefulness, ease of use, and enjoyment but showed no significant differences between the headsets. These results indicate that VR-based methods could be more effective, engaging, and safer alternatives in correctional rehabilitation programs. Importantly, this research contributes to the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) by suggesting design frameworks tailored for effective interventions in training and rehabilitative contexts where safety and psychological health are of high concern.
Harnessing artificial intelligence for enhanced Parkinson’s disease management: Pathways, treatment, and prospects

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins and impaired protein degradation mechanisms. Dysregulation of protein degradation processes, including autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance our understanding of protein degradation in PD. This abstract provides an overview of the advancements in studying protein degradation in PD with the aid of AI. The integration of AI techniques, such as machine learning and data mining, has enabled the identification and characterization of protein degradation pathways involved in PD. By analyzing large-scale protein-protein interaction networks, AI algorithms have revealed key interactions and pathways underlying protein degradation dysfunction in PD. Furthermore, AI models can predict the efficiency of protein degradation processes and identify potential targets for enhancing protein degradation in PD, aiding in the development of novel therapeutic interventions.AI-based approaches have also been instrumental in drug discovery and target identification, as they can screen vast databases of compounds to identify potential drugs or small molecules that modulate protein degradation pathways relevant to PD. Additionally, deep learning algorithms have facilitated the analysis of protein structures, predicting protein stability and folding patterns that impact protein degradation. Moreover, AI has played a crucial role in the identification of protein biomarkers associated with protein degradation dysfunction in PD. These biomarkers can aid in early diagnosis and monitoring of the disease, enabling timely intervention and personalized treatment strategies. The advancements presented in this abstract highlight the transformative potential of AI in elucidating the intricate mechanisms of protein degradation in PD. Collaborations between AI researchers, biologists, and clinicians are essential to translate these findings into effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions for PD patients.
Rater Severity/Leniency and Bias in EFL Students' Composition Using Many-Facet Rasch Measurement (MFRM)

The study aims to investigate the extent to which raters exhibit tendencies towards being overly severe, lenient, or even bias when evaluating students' writing compositions in Indonesia. Data were collected from 15 student essays and four raters with master's degrees in English education. The Many-facet Rasch measurement (MFRM), automatized by Minifac software, a program created for the Many-facet Rasch measurement, was used for data analysis. This was done by meticulously dissecting the assessment process into its distinct components—raters, essay items, and the specific traits or criteria being evaluated in the writing rubric. Each rater's level of severity or leniency, essentially how strict or lenient they are in assigning scores, is scrutinized. Likewise, the potential biases that raters might introduce into the grading process are carefully examined. The findings revealed that, while the raters used the rubric consistently when scoring all test takers, they varied in how lenient or severe they were. Scores of 70 were given more frequently than the other score. Based on the findings, composition raters may differ in how they rate students which potentially leading to student dissatisfaction, particularly when raters adopt severe scoring. The bias in scoring has highlighted that certain raters consistently tend to inaccurately score items, deviating from the established criteria (traits). Furthermore, the study also found that having more than four items/criteria (content, diction, structure, and mechanic) is essential to achieve a more diverse distribution of item difficulty and effectively measure students' writing abilities. These results are valuable for writing departments to improve the oversight of inter-rater reliability and rating consistency. To address this issue, implementing rater training is suggested as the most feasible method to ensure more dependable and consistent evaluations.
Barrett's esophagus as a premalignant condition; medical and surgical therapeutic management

Barrett's esophagus (BE) represents a special clinical entity, which may have reduced symptoms, but an increased potential for malignant degeneration. The factors that lead to the appearance of Barrett's esophagus are multiple, the most important being gastro-esophageal reflux, as well as smoking and obesity. BE occurs as a result of damage of the esophageal mucosa, caused by acid/basic gastroesophageal reflux and resulting in the transformation of the epithelium from squamous to intestinal type. The diagnosis of BE is primarily based on endoscopic examination. This method has not only a diagnostic role, but also a therapeutic one through the minimally invasive resection of the mucosa with suspicious dysplastic lesions, thus reducing the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conservative therapeutic methods by administering chemoprotective agents (proton pump inhibitors, statins, etc.) are also useful. Surgical treatment of Barrett's esophagus aims to both resect areas of high-grade esophageal dysplasia/adenocarcinoma and reduce the degree of gastroesophageal reflux through various surgical procedures. As a conclusion, the potential for malignant degeneration of BE should not be neglected, the form of treatment largely depending on the patient's age and comorbidities.