Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Energy Consumption Optimization in Downlink Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Cell-free multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) eliminates inter-cell interference by cooperatively serving users through distributed access points (APs). Energy efficiency is critical as an individual backhaul link is required to connect each AP to a central processing unit (CPU), and hardware static power supplies and wireless signal transmissions consume huge amounts of energy. AP selection is promising to optimize energy efficiency, where some APs can be deactivated when a large portion of users experience notable propagation loss. However, AP selection alone cannot ensure the minimal rate requirement when the number of users is comparable to or exceeds that of APs. To address this, we propose a scalable energy consumption optimization method by jointly optimizing power allocation, AP selection, and user grouping. We formulate an optimization problem that involves both continuous power allocation variables and discrete AP selection/user grouping variables. We propose a low-complexity method that breaks down the optimization problem into two stages: 1) iteratively refined grouping based on the proposed minimal rate maximization criterion and 2) joint power allocation and AP selection. Numerical results show that the proposed method significantly outperforms several baselines.
ESTIMACIÓN DE LA TASA INTERNA DE RETORNO, EN PROYECTOS CON INVERSIONES NO SIMPLES A TRAVÉS DE UN MÉTODO DE DESAGREGACIÓN. ESTIMATION OF THE INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN IN PROJECTS WITH NON SIMPLE INVESTMENTS ACROSS A METHOD OF DISAGGREGATION

The non simple projects of investment suffer the effect of Internal Multiple Rates of Return. The present work describes a methodology of own production for the estimation of the Internal Rate of Return. It separates the cash flow in simple components, calculates the internal rates of return, and selects the representative estimation. The technology is described with examples of application, clinical analyses and recommendations of use.
Climate Change: Field Level Understanding of a Selected Stakeholder

Bangladesh is one of the most climate vulnerable countries. For several years, through raising concern on climate change vulnerabilities in different international forums, adapting National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) and climate change consideration in different strategies, the government attempts to up hold the challenge facing the country. In this context the present study aimed at revealing the understanding of a selected stakeholder on climate change (CC). This was a qualitative study with Key Informant Interview (KII) as method of data collection. At the field level, ten KIIs were conducted with two Government and three NGO officials along with five community people living in a northern flood-prone area of Fulchhari Union. They served as the purposive convenient sample for the present study. The perceptions of these selected stakeholders were revealed on their understanding of what CC means? What are the changes they observe? How do they identify CC? What the CC induced (additional/ additional to disaster related vulnerabilities) vulnerabilities are? Who are vulnerable and to what? What interventions are being undertaken by who at the field level to address CC related vulnerabilities? What issues are being missed out? What needs to be done to sufficiently (if the present interventions are not sufficient) address CC related vulnerabilities? Who should be involved in the process of identifying necessary interventions? The study revealed the extent of understanding of different stakeholders at the field level on CC and CC related vulnerabilities. Along with identifying the necessary interventions (as perceived by the studied stakeholders) the study also revealed the views of the field level stakeholders about ‘who to involve in the process of identifying necessary interventions’. Thus, the study has practical significance as it provides an understanding of the field level understanding and views on CC.
Identifying the Level of Perceived Learning Engagement and Motivation in Mandarin: An Application of Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL) Classes

Educators are the crucial factor in teaching and learning activities. They should find numerous approaches to assist, engage, and motivate the students. As teachers, they need strong content knowledge and understand students' uniqueness, whether in person or learning preferences. Today, the mobile phone is an excellent tool to conduct online learning activities. The present study seeks to identify the level of perceived learning engagement and motivation in learning Mandarin based on Mobile-Assisted Language Learning (MALL). This study used a quantitative approach through a survey. All the Level II mandarin students have participated in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistical analysis, including frequency and percentage, to describe the level of perceived learning engagement and motivation in learning Mandarin. This study indicates that students enjoyed using the apps to enhance and ease them to learn Mandarin. Students nevertheless thought that language practice was helpful. Language games also took place during the process, as well as the use of mobile apps. After integrating mobile apps in the Mandarin lesson, the learners had oral experiences with native speakers to test their oral performance. Also, three categories of mobile apps were identified. Besides, this study discusses how the resources and other language activities affect students' interest, enthusiasm, and commitment to pursue Mandarin. In conclusion, this study successfully identified the level of perceived learning engagement and motivation in learning Mandarin based on MALL.
AWOLSE: Adaptive Weight-Optimized Level Set Evolution-Based Blood Cell Segmentation

Proper and precise segmentation of blood cells is a crucial task in the detection of hematological disorders. The presence of intensity inhomogeneity, noise, and weak edges makes it more challenging. To mitigate these issues, a novel adaptive weight-optimized level set evolution (AWOLSE)-based segmentation scheme is developed. In this proposed AWOLSE scheme, weights of edge and area terms are adaptively updated in each iteration by minimizing the energy function, resulting in efficient contour detection. More importantly, a novel mathematical model is proposed to make the adaptive optimization of energy terms computationally efficient for exhibiting more accurate segmentation. Moreover, AWOLSE is hybridized with marker-controlled watershed segmentation integrating the benefits of both, leading to precise blood cell segmentation. In addition, $k$ -means-based color segmentation is employed before AWOLSE to remove undesired cells, which can boost overall performance. The assets of the proposed method are: 1) improved performance; 2) computationally efficient adaptive optimization of energy terms; and 3) more accurate segmentation with precise boundary detection. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed AWOLSE-based scheme outperforms other recent level set evolution (LSE) methods with the best performances.
GPS free navigation inspired by insects through monocular camera and inertial sensors

Navigation without GPS and other knowledge of environment have been studied for many decades. Advance technology have made sensors more compact and subtle that can be easily integrated into micro and hand-hold device. Recently researchers found that bee and fruit fly have an effectively and efficiently navigation mechanism through optical flow information and process only with their miniature brain. We present a navigation system inspired by the study of insects through a calibrated camera and other inertial sensors. The system utilizes SLAM theory and can be worked in many GPS denied environment. Simulation and experimental results are presented for validation and quantification.
Investigation of a Shock Freezing Concept with Additional Electromagnetic Field Exposure

Widely used to preserve foods for long-term preservation, freezing is a standard method of preserving food goods. This technique is highly energy-intensive and time-consuming. Utilising shock freezing techniques helps to accelerate the process. The current paper analyses information regarding the technology and application of shock-freezing technologies, including those utilising electromagnetic and electric fields. The results of experiments conducted using a refrigerator equipped with an electromagnetic system are reported. In order to achieve the research objectives, coils were installed in the refrigerator to induce an alternating electromagnetic field with an electromagnetic induction value of up to 0.6 mT. Preliminary experiments were carried out using sodium chloride solutions with various concentrations found in perspective frozen food products.
Subjective Symptoms Linked to Sleep Duration: An Analysis from Japanese National Statistics

Background: There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders in Japan, and they are a factor in a decreased quality of life. The main objective of this study was to clarify the background factors of sleep disorders that affect sleep duration, such as subjective symptoms and working hours. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on the Japanese national statistics data. Answers from a household questionnaire were used to analyze risk factors for decreases in sleep duration. The subjects were a total of 3972 men and women aged 40–59 years, the age group that forms the core of the working population. For the analysis, a univariate analysis (contingency table) between sleep duration (two groups: sleep duration ≥ 6 h and <6 h) and 42 subjective symptoms was carried out. A multivariate analysis (binomial logistic regression) was conducted using sleep duration and subjective health assessment as objective variables, and odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for sex, working hours, and other factors were obtained. Results: The univariate analysis by subjective symptom showed significant ORs for eight symptoms, including poor sleep quality (OR: 2.24), constipation (OR: 2.24), and dizziness (OR: 1.77). In the multivariate analysis, the model with sleep duration as the objective variable showed significantly adjusted ORs for four variables, including constipation (1.72) and poor sleep quality (1.66). The model with subjective health assessment as the objective variable showed significantly adjusted ORs for eight variables, including dizziness (4.18), while poor sleep quality (1.45) was not significant. Conclusions: The present results suggest the presence of subjective symptoms that may be inferred to be related to decreases in sleep duration.
On the Importance of Fibre Direction Mesh Alignment for Artificial Lightning Strike Simulations

Composite materials, used in primary aircraft structures, produce weight reduction and improved fuel efficiency over legacy metal airframes but are more susceptible to lightning strike damage. Therefore, research into lightning strike damage and protection systems, through experiments and simulations, is an important research topic. For any FE simulation appropriate representation of the material behaviour, the loading and boundary conditions are key to accurate predictions. In addition, an aspect which has been under reported in many studies is the meshing strategy. Fibre direction mesh alignment has been reported to yield more accurate results in the modelling of mechanical damage (intralaminar damage initiation and propagation) in unidirectional fibre reinforced composite structures. However, this model meshing strategy has not found wide application and has not been used for the modelling of thermal damage events, e.g. lightning strike direct effect simulation. Instead, authors have typically refined the mesh around the arc attachment area. This paper, for the first time, examines the influence of fibre direction mesh alignment for artificial lightning strike simulations and the prediction of thermal damage. Initially, the mesh alignment is introduced partially in the central region of the specimen. The paper uses a mature modelling approach with a transient, fully coupled, thermal-electric step in ABAQUS with a lightning test Waveform A (40 kA, 4/20 µs) applied to the specimen. Specimen boundary conditions match those typically used in experiments and a mesh convergence study is undertaken to ensure no element size influence on the results. The use of this meshing strategy has been shown to significantly improve the prediction of both moderate and severe thermal damage profiles, when compared with the standard meshes used in previous research. The predicted moderate (2659 mm 2 vs 2833 mm 2 ) and severe (1059 mm 2 vs 1061 mm 2 ) damage areas were improved to within 4% and 1% of experimental results, respectively, using this meshing strategy.
Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Gyrencephalic Ferret Model Using the Novel Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from mechanical force to the brain and leads to a series of biochemical responses that further damage neurons and supporting cells. Clinically, most TBIs result from an impact to the intact skull, making closed head TBI pre-clinical models highly relevant. However, most of these closed head TBI models use lissencephalic rodents, which may not transduce biomechanical load in the same manner as gyrencephalic humans. To address this translational gap, this study aimed to characterize acute axonal injury and microglial responses in ferrets—the smallest gyrencephalic mammal. Injury was induced in male ferrets (Mustela furo; 1.20–1.51 kg; 6–9 months old) with the novel Closed Head Injury Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA) model. Animals were randomly allocated to either sham (n = 4), a 22J (joules) impact (n = 4), or a 27J impact (n = 4). Axonal injury was examined histologically with amyloid precursor protein (APP), neurofilament M (RMO 14.9) (RMO-14), and phosphorylated tau (AT180) and the microglial response with ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 at 24 h post-injury in gray and white matter regions. Graded axonal injury was observed with modest increases in APP and RMO-14 immunoreactivity in the 22J TBI group, mostly within the corpus callosum and fornix and more extensive diffuse axonal injury encompassing gray matter structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus in the 27J group. Accompanying microglial activation was only observed in the 27J group, most prominently within the white matter tracts in response to the larger amounts of axonal injury. The 27J, but not the 22J, group showed an increase in AT180 within the base of the sulci post-injury. This could suggest that the strain may be highest in this region, demonstrating the different responses in gyrencephalic compared to lissencephalic brains. The CHIMERA model in ferrets mimic many of the histopathological features of human closed head TBI acutely and provides a promising model to investigate the pathophysiology of TBI.
Microstrip and Grounded CPW Calibration Kit Comparison for On-Wafer Transistor Characterization from 220 GHz to 325 GHz

In this paper, we investigate the effect of two calibration errors, probe placement and capacitance per unit length, on transistor characterization, from 220 GHz to 325 GHz, on both a microstrip and an inverted coplanar waveguide with a via-stitched ground plane (CPW-G) calibration kit. We find that the calibration errors tend to be greater for the microstrip calibration than for the CPW-G calibration. These findings have critical ramifications for transistor characterization and modelling, and active circuit design.
Influence of built environment features on Airbnb listing price and the spatio-temporal heterogeneity: an empirical study from Copenhagen, Denmark

ABSTRACT With the emergence and development of sharing economy, Airbnb has established a global impact. Relatively low price is a major factor of its popularity, but the special pricing mode leads to risk of irrational decisions. Understanding the mechanism is of great practical significance, while existing research is limited in investigation into multidimensional built environment features and heterogeneity analysis from both perspectives of space and time. Based on Hedonic Price Method, combining Ordinary Least Squares and Geographically Weighted Regression, this research explores the influence of built environment features on Airbnb listing price and the spatio-temporal heterogeneity using datasets from December 2022 (low tourist season) and June 2023 (high tourist season) in Copenhagen. It is found that six indicators in three dimensions present statistically significant influence at the local scale, which exhibits great spatial dependence as well as certain temporal non-stationarity. The framework proposed provides methodological reference for subsequent research, and the findings will facilitate more targeted regulation of the pricing of Airbnb by authorities, promote the grasp of the attributes of listings for smarter pricing by hosts, support more reasonable choices by consumers, and contribute to more refined built environment practices by urban designers.
Ação modulatória do glutamato sobre o sistema catecolaminérgico em cultura de células do bulbo de ratos neonatos Modulatory action of glutamate over the catecholaminergic system in cell cultures of the medulla oblongata of newborn rats

It is found in the medulla oblongata several nuclei, as well as several neurotransmitters, related with the maintenance of the arterial pressure. Among these nuclei, the nucleus of the solitary tract stands aside for being one of the main modulators of the autonomic nervous system, being the first to receive afferences from baroreceptors and to send their stimuli to other nuclei. Among these neurotransmitters, glutamate and the catecholamines are both essentials to the maintenance of the arterial pressure. It is known that the stimulation of brain cells by neurotransmitters can result in changes in other neurotransmitter pathways, changing the cell response to certain stimuli. Taking in consideration the importance of glutamate and the catecholamines in the modulation of the arterial pressure, and that both of them can interfere in the cellular metabolism and create structural changes in neurons, we have speculated that the stimulation of the glutamatergic system could modulate the catecholaminergic system. In this work, it was evaluated if the glutamatergic and catecholaminergic systems could interact in cell cultures of the medulla oblongata of newborn rats, from treatments of the cultures with glutamate or noradrenaline. It was found that the treatment of these cultures with glutamate leads to a reduction in the protein and mRNA levels of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase and the receptor α2 adrenergic. The modulation of the glutamatergic system from treatments with noradrenaline did not show significative variation. We concluded that the glutamatergic system can modulate the catecholaminergic system in medulla oblongata cell cultures, and that this modulation can be important in the regulation of the arterial pressure by nuclei present in the medulla oblongata.
Geological age of the Yokawa Formation of the Kobe Group (Japan) on the basis of terrestrial mammalian fossils

Abstract The age of the Yokawa Formation of the Cenozoic Kobe Group distributed in Hyogo Prefecture of western Japan based on mammalian fossils is discussed. Two fossil dental specimens of terrestrial mammals discovered from the lowest part of the Yokawa Formation in the Sanda area are described. These two fossils described here are: (i) a right mandibular fragment with p2–m3 of Bothriodon sandaensis sp. nov. (selenodont anthracotheriid artiodactyl), which appears to be the most primitive among the species of the genus; and (ii) right m1–m3 of cf. Hyrachyus sp. (primitive rhinocerotoid perissodactyl). In the lower part of the Yokawa Formation, Zaisanamynodon (amynodontid perissodactyl) was previously reported. The morphology (‘evolutionary stage’) of B. sandaensis is indicative of the latest Middle to Late Eocene, that of cf. Hyrachyus sp. is indicative of the Early to Middle Eocene, and Zaisanamynodon is indicative of the Late Middle to Late Eocene. Therefore, the fossil mammals of the Yokawa Formation indicate an latest Middle Eocene (ca. 38 Ma) correlation for the lower part of the formation, as a working hypothesis. Although the resolution of the geological age based on these mammalian fossils is relatively low compared to that based on marine index fossils, this result is concordant with the recent radiometric correlation of the lower part of the Yokawa Formation in the Sanda area.
Using concurrent DNA tracer injections to infer glacial flow pathways

Catchment hydrology has become replete with flow pathway characterizations obtained via combinations of physical hydrologic measurements (e.g. streamflow hydrographs) and natural tracer signals (e.g. stable water isotopes and geochemistry). In this study, we explored how our understanding of hydrologic flow pathways can be improved and expanded in both space and time by the simultaneous application of engineered synthetic DNA tracers. In this study, we compared the advective–dispersive transport properties and mass recovery rates of two types of synthetic DNA tracers, one consisting of synthetic DNA strands encapsulated into biodegradable microspheres and another consisting of ‘free’ DNA, i.e. not encapsulated. The DNA tracers were also compared with a conservative fluorescent dye. All tracers were injected into a small (3.2‐km2) valley glacier, Storglaciären, in northern Sweden. Seven of the nine DNA tracers showed clear recovery during the sampling period and similar peak arrival times and dispersion coefficients as the conservative fluorescent dye. However, recovered DNA tracer mass ranged only from 1% to 66%, while recovered fluorescent dye mass was 99%. Resulting from the cold and opaque subglacial environment provided by the glacier, mass loss associated with microbial activity and photochemical degradation of the DNA is likely negligible, leaving sorption of DNA tracers onto suspended particles and loss of microtracer particles to sediment storage as probable explanations. Despite the difference in mass recovery, the advection and dispersion information derived from the DNA tracer breakthrough curves provided spatially explicit information that allowed inferring a theoretical model of the flow pathways that water takes through the glacier. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.