Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate change analysis on historical watershed‐scale precipitation by means of long‐term dynamical downscaling

A methodology based on long‐term dynamical downscaling to analyse climate change effects on watershed‐scale precipitation during a historical period is proposed in this study. The reliability and applicability of the methodology were investigated based on the long‐term dynamical downscaling results. For an application of the proposed methodology, two study watersheds in Northern California were selected: the Upper Feather River watershed and the Yuba River watershed. Then, precipitation was reconstructed at 3‐km spatial resolution and hourly intervals over the study watersheds for 141 water years from 1 October 1871 to 30 September 2012 by dynamically downscaling a long‐term atmospheric reanalysis dataset, 20th century global reanalysis version 2 by means of a regional climate model. The reconstructed precipitation was compared against observed precipitation, in order to assess the applicability of the proposed methodology for the reconstruction of watershed‐scale precipitation and to validate this methodology. The validation shows that the reconstructed precipitation is in good agreement with observation data. Moreover, the differences between the reconstructed precipitation and the corresponding observations do not significantly change through the historical period. After the validation, climate change analysis was conducted based on the reconstructed precipitation. Through this analysis, it was found that basin‐average precipitation has increased significantly over both of the study watersheds during the historical period. An upward trend in monthly basin‐average precipitation is not significant in wet months except February while it is significant in dry months of the year. Furthermore, peak values of basin‐average precipitation are also on an upward trend over the study watersheds. The upward trend in peak basin‐average precipitation is more significant during a shorter duration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effectiveness and Safety of Intrathecal Morphine for Pediatric Patients Undergoing Scoliosis Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often necessitates spinal fusion surgery in pediatric patients, posing significant challenges in postoperative pain management. Standard care involves the administration of intravenous opioids perioperatively, often requiring high doses to achieve adequate analgesia following an operation. This increases the risk of adverse events, may delay recovery and prolong hospital stay, and increases the likelihood of future abuse and dependence. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assess the safety and effectiveness of intrathecal morphine (ITM) in pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Ovid Embase and MEDLINE were searched in October 2023 for articles that directly compared ITM use with standard pain management approaches for pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion. Our primary outcome was postoperative pain scores. Secondary outcomes included opioid usage details, adverse events, and blood loss. Of the 384 unique studies identified, nine studies (one randomized control trial, one prospective review, and seven retrospective reviews) met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients within the ITM and control groups were 1384 and 676, respectively. Meta-analysis revealed significantly lower pain scores in the ITM group (standardized mean difference (SMD): -1.30 (-2.29, -0.31); p = 0.01). Similarly, ITM patients had significantly lower opioid usage, both intraoperatively (mean difference (MD): -0.71 mg/kg (-0.99, -0.44); p < 0.00001) as well as postoperatively (SMD: -2.10 (-3.48, -0.73); p = 0.003), and significantly lower blood loss (MD: -0.88 L (-1.34, -0.43); p = 0.0001). The occurrence of adverse events was similar across both groups. Our analysis of the available data demonstrates that a low to moderate dose of ITM is a safe and effective adjunct to improve standard postoperative care without increasing the risk of respiratory depression. When compared to control, ITM patients had superior analgesia while using fewer opioids had significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss when ITM was administered before spinal fusion, and had a similar complication profile. While further studies are warranted to establish optimal dosing, these findings underscore the potential of ITM as a valuable addition to multimodal pain management.
Survey on the Internet of Things Definitions and Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to devices equipped with sensors, computing power, software, and other technologies that communicate and share data with other devices and systems via the Internet. The Internet of Things seamlessly connects people and things to form a symbiotic relationship. In the widespread presence of the Internet of Things, services are offered as a product. Developments in the Internet and things have added value to the Internet of Things and caused the evolution we see today. Therefore, any significant advancement in the Internet of Things must inevitably come from collaborative efforts across various disciplines, including the social sciences, informatics, electronics, and telecommunications. This evolution has necessitated periodic revisions to the definition of IoT. Our study is intended for people who wish to get involved in this complicated field and help it grow in such a challenging setting. The enabling technologies are reviewed and several perspectives on this IoT paradigm are provided.
Aceleração da Solução Numérica de Problemas Da Biomecânica Cardíaca Utilizando Métodos Multigrid da Biblioteca AmgX

A resolução de sistemas lineares desempenha um papel fundamental em softwares de simulações computacionais baseadas em modelos matemáticos para o avanço de pesquisas científicas contemporâneas. Consequentemente, há uma demanda crescente por métodos numéricos e implementações eficientes para enfrentar esse desafio, em particular no contexto da engenharia biomédica onde deseja-se utilizar esses simuladores para criar gêmeos digitais de pacientes e estudar determinadas condições patológicas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo explorar e identificar técnicas eficientes para resolver sistemas lineares relacionados ao problema da biomecânica cardíaca, acelerando assim as simulações relacionadas ao intrincado sistema cardiovascular humano. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram selecionados vários métodos multigrid disponíveis na biblioteca AmgX, que foram testados e analisados em termos do seu desempenho computacional. Como um passo inicial, problemas baseados na equação de Poisson, foram resolvidos considerando geometrias simplificadas e complexas como, por exemplo, um cubo e um ventrículo humano. Esse estudo revelou vantagens distintas associadas a cada método, dependendo da complexidade e do formato dos problemas em questão.
Modeling for a Sustainable Electricity Supply in Uzbekistan

For nations to achieve mobility as well as economic and social growth, a steady supply of electric power is crucial. Investments in capacity building and raising operational standards are necessary for the reliability and consistency of the delivery of electricity. A decision-making in the sector has become difficult for investors and policymakers, due to challenges associated with the electricity sector including delays in generation and infrastructure construction, R&D, natural gas supply, fluctuations in demand and environmental concerns. Additionally, the power sector is dynamic and perpetually changes overtime. Electricity supply and demand is highly complex and dynamic in Uzbekistan. Understanding the causal linkages between major system variables that exist Uzbekistan’s electricity system is crucial for making systematic and long-term policy decisions. This work proposes a computer simulation model based on system dynamics technique. The simulation outcomes revealed that investments in power generation capacity and efficiency enhancement are required in the country to provide a sustainable electricity.
IMMUNOPHENOTYPE OF LEUKEMIC CELLS IN CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WITH NOTCH1 AND SF3B1 GENE MUTATIONS.

BACKGROUND The typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) immunophenotype is vital for diagnosis, but the expression of some antigens varies and has prognostic value. There are data that reduced CD20 expression is associated with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations. AIM To determine a high-risk group of CLL patients for prediction of unfavorable NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations based on immunophenotyping of leukemic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow cytometric and molecular-genetic analysis (mutations of NOTCH1, SF3B1, and TP53 genes using the polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing) was performed in a group of 86 previously untreated CLL patients. RESULTS The immunophenotype of leukemic cells of all examined patients met the criteria of CLL diagnosis. NOTCH1 gene mutations were found in 21 patients (24.4%), and SF3B1 gene mutations - in 7 patients (8.1%). There were no TP53 gene mutations among the examined patients. A decreased number of CD20+CD5+ cells and a downward trend in the relative index of mean fluorescence intensity (iMFI) of CD20+ cells were found in patients with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations. Based on the iMFI level (higher and/or lower than 3.0) and the number of CD20+CD5+ cells among all B-cells (higher and/or lower than 50%), we distinguished CLL cases with low and relatively high levels of CD20 antigen expression. Using ROC analysis and the parameter of low CD20 antigen expression, we could predict the presence of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations in 73.3 ± 0.06% of patients (p = 0.001). The risk of NOTCH1 and SF3B1 gene mutations in cases with low CD20 antigen expression was 6.96 (95% CI = 2.53-19.18; p = 0.0001). The revealed regularities were statistically significant for patients in whom the diagnosis was established in all Binet - Rai stages except A0-AI. CONCLUSION Our data confirmed a reduced CD20 expression in CLL patients with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations. In addition, an approach was proposed to identify high-risk CLL patients for prediction of such mutations: previously untreated CLL patients at advanced Binet - Rai stages (BII, CIII, CIV) with a reduced number of double-positive CD20+CD5+ cells in peripheral blood and/or low iMFI of CD20+ cells.
Design of Polarization-Reconfigurable Beam-Scanning Monopulse Phased Array

In this communication, a multifunctional phased array with polarization reconfiguration, beam scanning, and monopulse functions is presented for advanced satellite applications based on a 2 bit phase-shifting network and planar monopulse comparator. The diodes embedded in the upper patch independently control the polarization modes of the proposed phased array, including linear polarization (LP), left-handed circular polarization (LHCP), and right-handed circular polarization (RHCP). The planar monopulse comparator located in the middle layer can flexibly switch the sum and difference patterns in both azimuth and elevation planes. The bottom phase-shifting network consists of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8\times2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2 bit phase shifters, which makes the proposed phased array have beam-scanning characteristics in the azimuth plane. Therefore, both the sum and difference beams can be scanned from −50° to +50° in xo z plane at all polarizations. A prototype is fabricated for demonstration. When the scanning angle is changed from 0° to −50° in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$xo\text {z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane, the measured peak gain of sum beam ranges from 11.8 to 9.1 dBi (12 to 9.5 dBic) at LP (LHCP) radiation mode. And the measured maximum null-depths of difference beam are all below −19.8 dB (−17.6 dB) with high amplitude balance in LP (LHCP) radiation mode at boresight in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$yo\text {z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
THE VALIDITY OF SCIENCE ELECTRONIC TEACHING MATERIALS WITH THE STEAM APPROACH IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

One of the abilities that need to be mastered by students with the rapid development of science and technology is the ability to integrate various disciplines. STEAM is one of the popular integrated learning implemented in the world of education. However, research shows that students and teachers still have difficulties in accessing teaching materials in STEAM learning. This study aims to develop science teaching materials with a STEAM approach. The research implements the development method using the 4D Thiagarajan model. Science electronic teaching materials were tested on a limited basis to 40 fifth grade elementary school students. The results showed that based on expert judgment, electronic science teaching materials with the STEAM approach that were developed were valid for use in learning in elementary schools. The percentage of eligibility by media experts shows a value of 98.61% which can be interpreted as a very feasible media. The results of the percentage of linguists' assessments show a value of 100% which is interpreted as very feasible. Meanwhile, the percentage of material experts showed a value of 81.7%. interpreted as feasible. The results of the student trial showed a percentage value of 81.28% which was interpreted as saying that the teaching materials developed were suitable for use. Therefore, it can be concluded that the science electronic teaching materials with the STEAM approach that were developed are suitable for use in elementary school learning.
Changes in Phytoplankton Community and Water Quality after Expansion of Haohanpo Reservoir

The changes in phytoplankton community structure and water quality were monitored in Haohanpo Reservoir in which capacity expansion was completed to meet the Yabuli town,Yabuli Forestry water supply needs and Yabuli Ski Resort snowmaking water need in May,July,September of both 2011 and 2012.The results show that there were the phytoplankton abundance from 21.6 ×104ind·L-1to 1038 × 104ind·L-1 and biomass of 0.15mg·L-1～ 17.05mg·L-1 in Haohanpo Reservoir after the capacity expansion,higher than those(biomass:0.97～9.63 mg·L-1,abundance:10.8 ×104ind·L-1～ 537.6 ×104ind·L-1) in 2011.The species numbers were found to be increase in Chlorophyta,and Cyanophyta significantly,and Shannon-Weaver index was varied from 1.85 to 3.3 in 2012,and from 2.34 to 4.5 in 2011.The water quality evaluation was among the oligo-mid-trophic levels.
Blurred lines or Word crimes? On cognitive linguistic contributions to the study of musical parody by ‘Weird Al’ Yankovic

The paper argues for the multiple advantages of applying cognitive linguistic concepts and frameworks to the study of basic mechanisms and conceptual, pragmatic and social aspects of musical parody a as a polyvalent, flexible, multimodal phenomenon, understood both as a musical genre which revolves around replication or imitation of pre-existing music, and as a comedic statement utilizing the latter technique. Points of convergence, and important differences, between traditional concepts offered by the most influential linguistic theories of humour, viz. Raskin’s (1985) Semantic Script Theory of Humour and Attardo & Raskin’s (1991) General Theory of Verbal Humour, are addressed, with particular emphasis on how the status and treatment of concepts of incongruity and its resolution are accommodated within the interpretative frameworks of frame- shifting (Coulson, 2001) and Blending Theory (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002). Both emerge as useful heuristics offered within the cognitive linguistic paradigm and suggested as applicable to (multimodal) humour research. These are argued to encompass and cater for both the sequential and the (predominately) non-sequential aspects of incongruity resolution (Ritchie, 2009) underlying musical parodies as sources of humorous amusement. Further motivating factors for the development and appreciation of parodies as humorous stimuli, such as the role of (word) play and listener familiarity with the borrowed music are addressed by focusing on the description of the distinctive cognitive-cultural mechanisms and goals underlying the opus of a particular artist, ‘Weird Al’ Yankovic, by applying the abovementioned concepts and interpretative frameworks to the analysis of the techniques and goals behind his use of comedy music.
Exploring the Impact of Future Land Uses on Flood Risks and Ecosystem Services, With Limited Data: Coupling a Cellular Automata Markov (CAM) Model, With Hydraulic and Spatial Valuation Models

Land use changes can majorly affect many parameters that are directly or indirectly interlinked to various human-environmental systems, including hydrological processes and flood risks. The knowledge of future land cover changes is crucial for better managing human-environmental interactions and addressing potential environmental challenges, such as floods. In this work, the impact of future land cover changes in flood inundation is assessed, using a case study in northeast Indiana, US. A Cellular Automata Markov (CAM) model is applied, combining Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Python, to predict land changes and provide future land cover maps, along with statistical validation measures. The land use map outputs are then used in a HEC-RAS hydraulic model, to test the different flooding impacts under a design storm, using the rain-on-grid routine. The results indicate that even slightly more urbanized and deforested areas can increase the potential flood extent. Furthermore, the impacts of these forecasted land cover changes are quantified in monetary terms, based on a spatial Ecosystem Services Valuation (ESV) model. The findings indicate that as certain land uses (mainly wetlands, followed by forests) give their place to build-up areas, barren land, or even agricultural lands, the ‘lost’ value due can reach 1.5 million USD in 2051. The novelty of this study lies in int integrated character, combining for the first time to our knowledge land cover forecast with hydrologic-hydraulic modelling and spatial ESV, showing thus the future changes, risks, and potential economic losses, respectively. This application uses the minimum necessary input data to perform the analyses, and all data and codes are publicly available, contributing thus to the transferability and reproducibility of the approach.
Prevention and control countermeasures on environmental pollution from shrimp culture in Guangdong

The pollution from shrimp culture,such as ectogenous pollution,endogenous pollution and waste water were analyzed.The controlling and preventing countermeasures on the environmental pollution from aquaculture were suggested,for example,the metabolic products of the shrimp should be decomposed and transformed in time,the feeds and fish drug should be used rationally,waste water from aquaculture was decontaminated harmlessly etc.,which would be propitious to shrimp culture healthily and securely,and promote the sustainable development of shrimp culture.
Potash capped in conventional and soybean crop

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potassium chloride capped and conventional in soybean. For observation of the effect of chloride capped and conventional variables were evaluated shoot dry mass, plant height, stem diameter, and potassium content in shoot dry mass, potassium accumulation, accumulation of calcium and magnesium in the mass accumulation shoot dry weight at 20, 40, 60 DAE. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 10 times x 3 treatments x 4 replicates. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and when significant by F test at 5% probability analysis was done by Tukey test and regression. From the results obtained it can be concluded that the KCl had the same effect capped residual KCl conventional, since the provided results similar agronomic traits. The accumulation of nutritional element potassium was greater than calcium and magnesium doses of potassium on soybean in the dry mass of the aerial part of soybean. There was increased in linear accumulation of potassium, calcium and magnesium in soybean under the application of different concentrations of potassium chloride capped and conventional.
An Improved Single-Event Effect Performance SiC MOSFET of Hole Extraction Pillar Combined With Multilayer P-Shield Structure

A planar gate SiC MOSFET of hole extraction pillar combined with multilayer P-shield structure (HEMP-MOS) is proposed and characterized to improve single-event burnout (SEB) and single-event gate rupture (SEGR). The multiple P-shield layers are utilized to reduce the peak heat power caused by the strong electric field and high current at P-base/drift junction. Therefore, the maximum lattice temperature (hot spot) in HEMP-MOS is limited because of lower heat powers and larger areas of energy dissipation. The SEB threshold voltage of 850 V can be achieved with a linear energy transfer (LET) value of 77.9 MeV<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2/mg for HEMP-MOS, which corresponds to an increase of 610 V for conventional SiC MOSFET and 140 V for SiC MOSFET with multilayer buffer. Moreover, when heavy ions strike near the center of the device, the hole extraction pillar provides an additional path to extract accumulated holes below the gate oxide induced by heavy ions, thus ameliorating electric field crowding in gate oxide and improving the SEGR performance. When heavy ions with an LET value of 77.9 MeV<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm2/mg strike the center of the device and the drain voltage is 50% rated voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {DS}} = {600}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V), the maximum gate oxide electric field in HEMP-MOS is as low as 2.3 MV/cm, which is one 27th of that in SiC MOSFET with multilayer buffer. These results show that HEMP-MOS provides a single-event effect (SEE) hardening structure for SiC MOSFET in aerospace applications.
Implementación de una Red Neuronal Convolucional para Distinguir entre Patrones Radiológicos de COVID-19 y Neumonía en Imágenes Tomográficas de Tórax

En el año 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) proclamó la existencia de una pandemia originada por el coronavirus (COVID-19), cuyo brote inicial tuvo lugar en Wuhan, China. Este virus ha tenido un impacto devastador, cobrando la vida de miles y afectando a millones en todo el mundo. Sus síntomas, que incluyen tos, fiebre, fatiga y disnea, se asemejan a los de una gripe común. La propagación del virus ocurre principalmente a través de partículas respiratorias emitidas por personas infectadas, las cuales pueden depositarse en los ojos, boca o nariz de otras personas. Para confirmar la infección, se utilizan dos tipos de pruebas: la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción inversa (RT-PCR) y las pruebas de antígenos. Sin embargo, debido a sus procesamientos, estas pruebas pueden demorar en proporcionar resultados definitivos. Es en este contexto que la inteligencia artificial y las técnicas de Machine Learning (ML) se presentan como herramientas valiosas para mejorar la detección del virus en los pulmones de manera eficiente. En este trabajo, se propone la implementación de una Red Neuronal Convolucional (CNN) para la detección temprana de pacientes con COVID-19. Se utiliza un conjunto de datos compuesto por 3616 imágenes de rayos X de tórax, empleando una red neuronal preentrenada denominada VGG16. A través del entrenamiento, se logra una precisión óptima en la clasificación de las imágenes en las categorías de COVID y Neumonía.