Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Learning and Peer Effects

We analyze educational institutions’ incentives to set up demanding or lax curricula in duopolistic markets for education with endogenous enrolment of students. We assume that there is a positive externality of student achievement on the local economy. Comparing the case of regulated tuition fees with an unregulated market, we identify the following ineﬃciencies: Under regulated tuition fees schools will set up ineﬃciently lax curricula in an attempt to please low-quality students even if schools internalize some of the externality. On the other hand, unregulated schools set up excessively diﬀerentiated curricula in order to relax competition in tuition fees. Deregulation gets more attractive if a larger fraction of the externality is internalized.
Neonatal Magnesium Levels Correlate with Motor Outcomes in Neonatal Magnesium Levels Correlate with Motor Outcomes in Premature Infants: A Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study Premature Infants: A Long-Term Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: Chronic neurological deﬁcits are a signiﬁcant complication of preterm birth. Magnesium supplementation has been suggested to have neuroprotective function in the developing brain. Our objective was to determine whether higher neonatal serum magnesium levels were associated with better long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in very-low birth weight infants
Determination of Sonographic Concerning Signs Leading to Abortion

Background: Pregnancy is considered as an important period in the women’s life. Not only environmental health condition influences the life quality of the mothers, but may also effects the fetus and cause hereditary disease. Millions of women do not have access to proper health services in future worldwide. The mains purpose of the rural pregnant women protection program is maintaining health and furnishing during the course of pregnancy by protecting the mother and fetus. The aim of the study here is to determine the sonographic signs leading to abortion. Objective: Determination of sonographic concerning signs leading to abortion. Methodology: HONDA HS2600 and HONDA GE p7 of 2.8-3.5 MHz Convex probe is used. AIUM procedures for obs and gyne are followed for the scanning procedures. The study was conducted at Indus Hospital, Manawan. Data of 60 patients was collected through convenient sampling. Statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 22.0) is used for the analysis of data. Results: Out of 54 patients, 38 patients had vaginal bleeding and 16 patients came out without vaginal bleeding. In table 3, sonographic findings of the patients were illustrated. As the data was collected of 54 patients, among these, 11 patients (20.4%) had blighted ovum, 1 patient (1.9%) had CRL with negative FCA, 5 patients (9.3%) had haematoma, 3 patients (5.6) had fetal hydrops, 1 patient (1.9) had irregular low lying placenta, 19 patients (35.2%) had missed abortion. 6 patients (11.1%) had open internal os, 1 patient (1.9%) had previa type 3, 1 (1.9%) had previa type 1. 2 patients (3.7%) had recurrent abortion. 1 patient (1.9%) had scalping of bones and 3(5.6%) had scanty liquor. Conclusion: There are multiple sonographic concerning signs but missed abortion and blighted ovum were the most common amongst them.
The Belgian repository of fundamental atomic data and stellar spectra (BRASS). I. Cross-matching atomic databases of astrophysical interest

Fundamental atomic parameters, such as oscillator strengths, play a key role in modelling and understanding the chemical composition of stars in the universe. Despite the significant work underway to produce these parameters for many astrophysically important ions, uncertainties in these parameters remain large and can propagate throughout the entire field of astronomy. The Belgian repository of fundamental atomic data and stellar spectra (BRASS) aims to provide the largest systematic and homogeneous quality assessment of atomic data to date in terms of wavelength, atomic and stellar parameter coverage. To prepare for it, we first compiled multiple literature occurrences of many individual atomic transitions, from several atomic databases of astrophysical interest, and assessed their agreement. Several atomic repositories were searched and their data retrieved and formatted in a consistent manner. Data entries from all repositories were cross-matched against our initial BRASS atomic line list to find multiple occurrences of the same transition. Where possible we used a non-parametric cross-match depending only on electronic configurations and total angular momentum values. We also checked for duplicate entries of the same physical transition, within each retrieved repository, using the non-parametric cross-match. We report the cross-matched transitions for each repository and compare their fundamental atomic parameters. We find differences in log(gf) values of up to 2 dex or more. We also find and report that ~2% of our line list and Vienna Atomic Line Database retrievals are composed of duplicate transitions. Finally we provide a number of examples of atomic spectral lines with different log(gf) values, and discuss the impact of these uncertain log(gf) values on quantitative spectroscopy. All cross-matched atomic data and duplicate transitions are available to download at brass.sdf. org.
Complex 3D velocity-depth model with RTM from top-to-down

Summary Salt geometry model building in some salt environments in GOM is very challenging due to complex overhangs, steeply dipping salt flanks, Christmas tree-like salt flanks, and other-wave propagation effects. As a consequence, in this study we use reverse time migration (RTM) algorithm in our velocity model building loop to define the salt geometry. A key component in this model building loop is to use overhang and steep dips saltflood model as early as possible. We run RTM on sediment flood, overhang salt flood, and for the final migrations. In sediment flood we take advantage of the turning seismic waves to image very steep dips and overhangs, while during saltflood we take advantage of double bounce waves to image some areas of the top salt as well as base of salt. Another key factor in this study is the ability to use multi-Z surface interpretation to represent the salt bodies. The benefits are: it reduces the number of salt-related migration runs; simplifies the 3D visualization of the salt body; and it allows inclusion of complex features such as Christmastrees in the saltbody. To include Christmas-tree structures, we use 2D FD acoustic modeling for verifying and validating the size and impact of the Christmas-tree on the base salt and trap definition. The results in this survey shows that a careful use of multi-Z surfaces and RTM takes into account most of the recorded wavefield in WAZ dataset.
MODULARITY LIFTING RESULTS IN PARALLEL WEIGHT ONE AND APPLICATIONS TO THE ARTIN CONJECTURE: THE TAMELY RAMIFIED CASE

We extend the modularity lifting result of [17] to allow Galois representations with some ramiﬁcation at p . We also prove modularity mod 2 and 5 of certain Galois representations. We use these results to prove many new cases of the strong Artin conjecture over totally real ﬁelds in which 5 is unramiﬁed.
Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deﬁciency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings

: Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deﬁciencies is the high doses of oral CoQ 10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some speciﬁc clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deﬁciencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
A comparison of medley and freestyle performance for national and international swimmers between 1994 and 2011

: The change in swim performance over time has been investigated for freestyle, but not for other strokes, such as in the medley. The aim of the study was to examine changes in 200 m and 400 m swim performances in medley swimmers at national (Switzerland) and international level (world championship finals) from 1994 to 2011. The 200 m and 400 m freestyle performances were also analyzed for comparison. Swim performances were analyzed using linear regression and one-way analysis of variance. Male Swiss swimmers improved swim speed by 5.4% in the 200 m medley, 5.3% in the 200 m freestyle, 5.1% in the 400 m medley, and 5.7% in the 400 m freestyle ( P , 0.01). Female Swiss swimmers improved swim speed by 4.4% in the 200 m medley, 3.3% in the 200 m freestyle, 3.9% in the 400 m medley, and 3.4% in the 400 m freestyle ( P , 0.05). Male swimmers at international level improved swim speed by 4.5% in the 200 m medley, 4.6% in the 200 m freestyle, 2.6% in the 400 m medley, and 2.7% in the 400 m freestyle ( P , 0.01). Female swimmers improved swim speed by 4.3% in the 200 m medley, 3.5% in the 400 m medley, and 3.1% in the 400 m freestyle ( P # 0.02), but 200 m freestyle performance remained unchanged ( P . 0.05). The sex difference in national swim performance remained unchanged at 10.2% ± 0.6% for the 200 m medley ( P . 0.05) and increased from 8.8% to 9.8% for the 400 m medley ( P , 0.05). In freestyle, it increased from 8.8% to 10.7% in the 200 m, and from 7.8% to 9.4% in the 400 m ( P , 0.01). The sex difference in international athletes remained unchanged at 11.1% ± 0.9% in the 200 m medley, 10.1% ± 0.8% in the 400 m medley, 10.0% ± 1.3% in the 200 m, and 9.2% ± 0.6% in the 400 m freestyle ( P . 0.05). For the 400 m medley, the sex difference was lower compared to the 200 m medley for national (9.3% ± 0.8% vs 10.2% ± 0.6%, P = 0.01) and for international (10.1% ± 0.8% vs 11.1% ± 0.9%) athletes. For the 400 m freestyle, the sex difference was lower compared to the 200 m freestyle for national (7.9% ± 0.9% vs 9.3% ± 0.8%) and international (9.2% ± 0.6% vs 10.0% ± 1.3%) athletes ( P , 0.01), and lower in the freestyle than the medley for the same distances ( P , 0.01). Future studies should investigate the reasons for the greater sex difference in the medley than the freestyle.
Durham E-Theses Excessive folate synthesis in Escherichia coli and its in(cid:29)uence on Caenorhabditis elegans ageing

Background: Gut microbes influence animal health and thus, are potential targets for interventions that slow aging. Live E. coli provides the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans with vital micronutrients, such as folates that cannot be synthesized by animals. However, the microbe also limits C. elegans lifespan. Understanding these interactions may shed light on how intestinal microbes influence mammalian aging. Results: Serendipitously, we isolated an E. coli mutant that slows C. elegans aging. We identified the disrupted gene to be aroD , which is required to synthesize aromatic compounds in the microbe. Adding back aromatic compounds to the media revealed that the increased C. elegans lifespan was caused by decreased availability of para-aminobenzoic acid, a precursor to folate. Consistent with this result, inhibition of folate synthesis by sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide, led to a dose-dependent increase in C. elegans lifespan. As expected, these treatments caused a decrease in bacterial and worm folate levels, as measured by mass spectrometry of intact folates. The folate cycle is essential for cellular biosynthesis. However, bacterial proliferation and C. elegans growth and reproduction were unaffected under the conditions that increased lifespan. Conclusions: In this animal:microbe system, folates are in excess of that required for biosynthesis. This study suggests that microbial folate synthesis is a pharmacologically accessible target to slow animal aging without detrimental effects.
Serine/threonine kinase of human Monkeypox virus: computational modeling and structural analysis

Kinases catalyze phosphoryl transfer from a nucleoside triphosphate (usually ATP) to an amino acid residue on a protein (for activation purposes). These enzymes are well-appreciated drug targets against different viruses and cancers. However, some poxviruses are human and animal pathogens that lack effective therapeutic agents. In poxvirus, the production of infectious particles in the infected cells depends on F10 protein kinase that activates numerous proteins involved in the assembly of new virions. The ongoing outbreak of the human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) sparked the need for e�cient antiviral drugs to control such outbreaks and lower their burden. In this work, we employed state-of-the-art computational resources to elucidate the structure of the major kinase in hMPXV using AlphaFold2. The predicted structure shows the atypical nature of this kinase; nonetheless, the overall structural fold is roughly conserved. Calculations of binding free energy determined the hotspot residues contributing to phosphate source (ATP) via Molecular Mechanics with Generalized Born and Surface Area solvation (MM/GBSA). The structural analysis in this work provides the basis for setting up a thorough experimental investigation to understand the enzymatic mechanism and development of small-molecule inhibitors against such a critical target.
Comparing species and ecosystem-based estimates of fisheries Comparing species and ecosystem-based estimates of fisheries yields yields

Previous research has shown that Brief Motivational Interventions (BMIs) are an effective treatment approach for reducing college student alcohol use and associated negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether clinician continuity (having the same vs. a different clinician) across an initial BMI and follow-up booster session was related to differences in session satisfaction, self-reported alcohol use, and alcohol-related negative consequences. Participants included 358 undergraduate students who were part of a larger randomized clinical trial. Results revealed no significant differences in alcohol use and associated consequences at follow-up between participants who met with the same vs. a different clinician. Clinician continuity was not significantly related to intervention fidelity in terms of BMI consistent qualities, relevance of information presented, or session satisfaction. These findings suggest that clinician continuity across BMIs for college students is not related to participant satisfaction or intervention effectiveness, especially if the clinicians adhere to empirically supported techniques.
a Five-Phase Wound-Rotor Induction Machine for Speed-Controlled Rotary Platforms

Φ Abstract - The use of rotary assembly platforms is common in several automation applications, such as in bottle filling and capping systems. One of the problems that designers has to address is how to supply the electric actuators, sensors and process controllers located on the rotating disk of the machine. The traditional solution is to use slip-ring contacts. However, they suffer from aging and thus a scheduled maintenance program is required. In this paper, the motion of the platform and the contact-less energy transfer to the auxiliary loads located on the rotating disk is obtained through a direct drive wound-rotor five-phase induction motor. The experimental tests on a scaled prototype demonstrate the practical potential of the machine.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Increased susceptibility of transgenic mice expressing human PrP to experimental sheep BSE is not due to increased agent titre in sheep brain tissue

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans have previously been shown to be caused by the same strain of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agent. It is hypothesized that the agent spread to humans following consumption of food products prepared from infected cattle. Despite evidence supporting zoonotic transmission, mouse models expressing human prion protein (HuTg) have consistently shown poor transmission rates when inoculated with cattle BSE. Higher rates of transmission have however been observed when these mice are exposed to BSE that has been experimentally transmitted through sheep or goats, indicating that humans may potentially be more susceptible to BSE from small ruminants. Here we demonstrate that increased transmissibility of small ruminant BSE to HuTg mice was not due to replication of higher levels of infectivity in sheep brain tissue, and is instead due to other specific changes in the infectious agent.
Reasons for and Scenarios Associated With Failure to Cease Smoking: Results From a Qualitative Study Among Smokers Who Had Unsuccessfully Attempted to Quit

Background: Most smokers attempt to quit smoking, but few are successful. Data regarding the reasons for this relapse and the course of the relapse process may be helpful for determining e�cient methods of smoking cessation. This study aimed to identify the causes of and scenarios associated with smoking relapse after effective smoking cessation. Methods: We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with smokers who had previously unsuccessfully attempted to quit. The data underwent qualitative content analysis. Results: Three major themes were identi�ed: Reasons for smoking relapse; Smoking relapse scenarios; and Perception of the in�uence of personal environments, including family and physicians, on refraining from smoking after cessation. The �rst theme comprised the following subthemes: insu�cient willpower and self-discipline, contact with smokers, exposure to stressful situations, lack of family support, weight gain, and insu�cient improvement in one’s mental and physical well-being. The second theme contained enjoyable social events, professional life, critical events, and encouragement to smoke from family members. The respondents frequently emphasized the large role of interaction with other smokers. Conclusions: The predominant factors underlying smoking relapse include insu�cient willpower and self-discipline and exposure to stress. The most frequent relapse scenario concerned experiencing negative or positive emotions when interacting with other smokers.
Simplified Predictive Strategy of Mechanical Life Cycle Model in Three-Phase Asynchronous Motor

The target area of the research is the assessment of the mechanical excitation frequencies of three-phase asynchronous motors, primarily caused by bearing and shaft adjustment, and the understanding of the wear process. Measurements and calculations are basically based on a wear map, not only using spectrum analysis methods. Spectrum analyzes do not solve the steps for developing fault detection methods in all cases. The processing of measurement results was preceded by several measurement cycles, the results of which were used to create the wear map.
Glassy dynamics from generalized mode-coupling theory

Generalized mode-coupling theory (GMCT) is a ﬁrst-principles-based and systematically correctable framework to predict the complex relaxation dynamics of glass-forming materials. The formal theory amounts to a hierarchy of inﬁnitely many coupled integro-diﬀerential equations, which may be approximated using a suitable ﬁnite-order closure relation. Although previous studies have suggested that ﬁnite-order GMCT leads to well-deﬁned solutions
Transmitted drug resistance mutations and subtype diversity among HIV-1 sero-positive voluntary blood donors in Accra, Ghana

Background: Detection of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) and subtype diversity (SD) are public health strategies to assess current HIV-1 regimen and ensure effective therapeutic outcomes of ART among HIV-1 patients. Globally, limited data exist on TDR and SD among blood donors. In this study, drug resistance mutations and subtype diversity among HIV-1 sero-positive blood donors in Accra, Ghana was characterized. Methods: Purposive sampling method was used to collect 81 HIV sero-positive blood samples from the Southern Area Blood Center and confirmed by serology as HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Viral RNA was only extracted from plasma samples confirmed as HIV-1 positive. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using the RNA as a template and subsequently amplified by nested PCR with specific primers. The expected products were verified, purified and sequenced. Neighbor-joining tree with the Kimura’s 2-parameter distances was generated with the RT sequences using Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis version 6.0 (MEGA 6.0). Results: Out of the 81 plasma samples, 60 (74%) were confirmed as HIV-1 sero-positive by INNO-LIA HIVI/II Score kit with no HIV-2 and dual HIV-1/2 infections. The remaining samples, 21 (26%) were confirmed as HIV sero-negative. Of the 60 confirmed positive samples, (32) 53% and (28) 50% were successfully amplified in the RT and PR genes respectively. Nucleotide sequencing of amplified samples revealed the presence of major drug resistance mutations in two (2) samples; E138A in one sample and another with K65R. HIV-1 Subtypes including subtypes A, B, CRF02_AG and CRF09_cpx were found. Conclusion: This study found major drug resistance mutations, E138A and K65R in the RT gene that confer high level resistance to most NNRTIs and NRTI respectively. CRF02_AG was most predominant, the recorded percentage of subtype B and the evolutionary relationship inferred by phylogenetic analysis suggest possible subtype importation. The data obtained would inform the selection of drugs for ART initiation to maximize therapeutic options in drug-naïve HIV-1 patients in Ghana. population
Modeling pore geometry and its application in the quantitative calculations of porosity in carbonate rocks

Summary With a more complex pore system compared with clastic rocks, carbonate rocks have not yet been well described by the present conventional rock physics models concerning its vagary of pore geometry as well as the influence on elastic properties of rocks. To better understand the intrinsic effect on carbonate rocks’ properties, we propose a factor depicting the pore geometry of rocks based on conventional rock physics models in this paper. We start with a discussion and an analysis about the pore geometry of carbonate rocks. And then, we give introduction to a new approach of modeling carbonate rocks and construct a pore structure factor of carbonate rocks with a basis of the Gassmann equation and Eshelby-Walsh ellipsoid inclusion crack theory. Finally, we discuss the mutation relationship of pore structure factor with other elastic modulus parameters, analyze the pore structure factor with experiment data and logging data, and make a quantitative calculation of porosity. The results of theoretical study and case study reveal that the pore geometry of rocks can significantly influence the rocks’ elastic properties, and the approach we introduce can effectively decrease the predicted error of porosity and hence improves its prediction accuracy.