Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Live-cell imaging of endocytosed synaptophysin around individual hippocampal presynaptic active zones

In presynaptic terminals 4 types of endocytosis, kiss-and-run, clathrin-mediated, bulk and ultrafast endocytosis have been reported to maintain repetitive exocytosis of neurotransmitter. However, detailed characteristics and relative contribution of each type of endocytosis still need to be determined. Our previous live-cell imaging study demonstrated individual exocytosis events of synaptic vesicle within an active-zone-like membrane (AZLM) formed on glass using synaptophysin tagged with a pH-sensitive fluorescent protein. On the other hand, individual endocytosis events of postsynaptic receptors were recorded with a rapid extracellular pH exchange method. Combining these methods, here we live-cell imaged endocytosed synaptophysin with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy in rat hippocampal culture preparations. Clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, which was seemingly bulk endocytosis, occurred within several seconds after electrical stimulation at multiple locations around AZLM at room temperature, with the locations varying trial to trial. The contribution of clathrin-independent endocytosis was more prominent when the number of stimulation pulses was large. The skewness of synaptophysin distribution in intracellular vesicles became smaller after addition of a clathrin inhibitor, which suggests that clathrin-dependent endocytosis concentrates synaptophysin. Ultrafast endocytosis was evident immediately after stimulation only at near physiological temperature and was the predominant endocytosis when the number of stimulation pulses was small.
The prevalence of rodent-borne zoonotic pathogens in the South Gobi desert region of Mongolia

ABSTRACT The alpine ecosystems and communities of central Asia are currently undergoing large-scale ecological and socio-ecological changes likely to affect wildlife-livestock-human disease interactions and zoonosis transmission risk. However, relatively little is known about the prevalence of pathogens in this region. Between 2012 and 2015 we screened 142 rodents in Mongolia’s Gobi desert for exposure to important zoonotic and livestock pathogens. Rodent seroprevalence to Leptospira spp. was >1/3 of tested animals, Toxoplasma gondii and Coxiella burnetii approximately 1/8 animals, and the hantaviruses being between 1/20 (Puumala-like hantavirus) and <1/100 (Seoul-like hantavirus). Gerbils trapped inside local dwellings were one of the species seropositive to Puumala-like hantavirus, suggesting a potential zoonotic transmission pathway. Seventeen genera of zoonotic bacteria were also detected in the faeces and ticks collected from these rodents, with one tick testing positive to Yersinia. Our study helps provide baseline patterns of disease prevalence needed to infer potential transmission between source and target populations in this region, and to help shift the focus of epidemiological research towards understanding disease transmission among species and proactive disease mitigation strategies within a broader One Health framework.
The announcement effect of shipping sale-and-leaseback transactions

PurposeThis paper investigates the announcement effect of shipping sale-and-leaseback (SLB) transactions. As an emerging source of financing, a growing deal of interest has been paid to the SLB. However, little is known about a variety of aspects of SLB transactions in the shipping industry. In this regard, this study examines the stock market reaction to the SLB announcements of shipping firms and their impact on shareholders' wealth.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 15 shipping SLB deals commenced by publicly-listed Korean shipping companies during 2009–2023 are examined in this research. The announcement effect is measured by abnormal returns (AR) of their stocks based on the event study analysis.FindingsIt is found that the AR on the shipping SLB announcement date is, on average, −0.84% while there is no statistical significance. However, the results indicate that shareholders of shipping companies engaging in large-sized SLBs can experience positive AR around the announcement date.Originality/valueThis study is the first attempt to investigate the announcement effect of SLB transactions on the shipping industry and their impact on shareholders' wealth. The findings in this research can offer implications for the financing decisions of shipping companies and investment decisions of stock investors.
VARIATION IN EARLY LIFE-HISTORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SYMPATRIC RAINBOW SMELT POPULATIONS IN LAKE UTOPIA, NEW BRUNSWICK

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vi 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Life-History Variation 1 1.2 Evolutionary Significance of Size and Growth 3 1.3 Rainbow Smelt Biology 4 1.4 Life-history Variation in Rainbow Smelt 5 1.5 Ecology of Morphotypes 6 1.6 Genetics 8 1.7 Species At Risk Designation 9 1.8 Research Objectives and Thesis Outline 9 2 METHODS 11 2.1 Study Area 11 2.2 Early Life-History Characteristics 12 2.3 Growth 14 2.3.1 Field Sampling 14 2.3. 2 Otolith Microstructure Procedure 15 2.4 Statistical Analysis 18 3 RESULTS 23 3.1 Early Life-History Characteristics 23
Method for Generating Expert Derived Confidence Scores

This paper describes a methodology for developing a new confidence metric to improve power grid operator reliance on ML event classifiers. Unlike traditional confidence scores that are generated by the ML, this confidence metric is generated by humans who have spent time studying the performance boundaries of the ML classifier. We refer to this metric as an Expert Derived Confidence (EDC) score. As an initial test of our methodology four participants (3 Subject Matter Experts, 1 Novice) learned the boundaries of an ML’s performance by studying a subset of events in the ML’s training data. Next, the participants rated their confidence in the ML’s ability to classify similar events. The researchers found that all participants’ EDC scores were correlated with the ML’s own uncertainty quantification score and on average EDC scores showed greater confidence in the ML’s ability to correctly classify events when compared to the ML’s own confidence scores. In addition, averaging EDC scores across all participants was the strongest predictor of model performance and predicted performance even after controlling for the ML’s own confidence.
Response of dayside net downward field‐aligned current to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field and to substorm perturbations

We have studied the response of the auroral eastward and westward electrojets and of the downward field-aligned currents across the noon sector which feed them to southward turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and to substorm onsets in the nightside magnetosphere. We have found that while southward turnings of the IMF lead to electrojet intensifications and low-level substorm activity, northward turnings of the IMF appear capable of triggering large substorm disturbances. Both northward and southward turnings of the IMF cause the downward field-aligned current across the noon sector, as well as the auroral electrojets, to strengthen within a few minutes of the impact of the changed IMF at the magnetopause. Since large substorms involve the sudden release of energy stored in the magnetotail, we conclude that the tail current system links directly to the overall magnetosphere-ionosphere current system involving the auroral electrojets. In this context a substorm associated with a northward turning of the IMF reflects a reconfiguration of the magnetotail in response to a change in the level of the solar-terrestrial interaction involving a decrease in the rate at which solar wind energy penetrates into the magnetosphere.
Chronotype-Dependent Sleep Loss Is Associated with a Lower Amplitude in Circadian Rhythm and a Higher Fragmentation of REM Sleep in Young Healthy Adults

In modern society, the time and duration of sleep on workdays are primarily determined by external factors, e.g., the alarm clock. This can lead to a misalignment of the intrinsically determined sleep timing, which is dependent on the individual chronotype, resulting in reduced sleep quality. Although this is highly relevant given the high incidence of sleep disorders, little is known about the effect of this misalignment on sleep architecture. Using Fitbit trackers and questionnaire surveys, our study aims to elucidate sleep timing, sleep architecture, and subjective sleep quality in young healthy adults (n = 59) under real-life conditions (average of 82.4 ± 9.7 days). Correlations between variables were calculated to identify the direction of relationships. On workdays, the midpoint of sleep was earlier, the sleep duration was shorter, and tiredness upon waking was higher than on free days. A higher discrepancy between sleep duration on workdays and free days was associated with a lower stability of the circadian rhythm of REM sleep and also with a higher fragmentation of REM sleep. Similarly, a higher tiredness upon waking on free days, thus under intrinsically determined sleep timing conditions, was associated with a lower proportion and a higher fragmentation of REM sleep. This suggests that the misalignment between extrinsically and intrinsically determined sleep timing affects the architecture of sleep stages, particularly REM sleep, which is closely connected to sleep quality.
Data‐ and Model‐Based Urban O3 Responses to NOx Changes in China and the United States

Urban air pollution continues to pose a significant health threat, despite regulations to control emissions. Here we present a comparative analysis of urban ozone (O3) responses to nitrogen oxide (NOx) changes in China and the United States (US) over 2015–2020 by integrating various data‐ and model‐based methods. The data‐based deep learning (DL) model exhibited good performance in simulating urban air quality: the correlation coefficients (R) of O3 daily variabilities with respect to independent O3 observations are 0.88 and 0.79 over N. China, 0.87 and 0.90 over S. China, and 0.87 and 0.49 over E. United States by the DL and GEOS‐Chem chemical transport models, respectively. Furthermore, the data‐based methods suggest volatile organic compound (VOC)‐limited regimes in urban areas over northern inland China and transitional regimes over eastern US urban areas; in contrast, GEOS‐Chem model suggests strong NOx‐limited regimes. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the inconsistent O3 responses are partially caused by the inaccurate representation of O3 precursor concentrations at the locations of urban air quality stations in the simulations, while the data‐based methods are driven by the variabilities in local O3 precursor concentrations and meteorological conditions. The O3 responses to NOx changes reported here provide a better understanding of urban O3 pollution; for example, reductions in NOx emissions are suggested to have resulted in an increase in surface O3 by approximately 7 ppb in the Sichuan Basin in 2014–2020.
Main Uralian Thrust and Main Uralian Normal Fault: non‐extensional Palaeozoic high‐P rock exhumation, oblique collision, and normal faulting in the Southern Urals

The crustal architecture of the Southern Urals is dominated by an orogenic wedge thrusted westward upon the subducted East European continental margin. The N–S trending wedge constitutes an antiformal stack composed mainly of the high‐P Maksyutov Complex, the overlying Suvanyak Complex and the allochthonous synformal Zilair flysch further west. These tectono‐metamorphic units are separated by tectonic contacts and record discontinously decreasing metamorphic conditions from bottom to top. In the east, the E‐dipping Main Uralian Normal Fault cross‐cuts the metamorphic footwall and juxtaposes the non metamorphic Magnitogorsk island arc. This syncollisional normal fault compensated crustal thickening and exhumation of the high‐P rocks. Orogenic shortening was accommodated by the Main Uralian Thrust, a W‐vergent crustal‐scale shear zone at the base of the wedge. Geological investigations and reflection seismics (URSEIS ‘95) argue in favour of a geodynamic evolution integrating subduction and basal accretion of high‐P rocks during sinistral oblique thrusting along the Main Uralian Thrust and coeval normal‐faulting along the Main Uralian Normal Fault.
Modelagem numérica das tensões tectônicas cenozoicas e padrões estruturais associados na porção noroeste da Bacia Potiguar

A correlação entre tensão e deformação é um desafio em estudos geológicos, principalmente em regiões onde ocorre superposição de eventos com diferentes arranjos de esforços. Uma região propícia para esse tipo de estudo é a Bacia Potiguar, no Nordeste do Brasil, que registra abundantes evidências de deformações tectônicas cenozoicas, e tem dois eventos admitidos na literatura para este período: do Albiano ao Mioceno médio, com tensão horizontal máxima (SH) N-S; e do Mioceno médio ao Recente, com SH variando de E-W a NW-SE. O presente estudo modelou numericamente esses dois eventos tectônicos em uma região no noroeste da Bacia Potiguar, correlacionando as tensões modeladas com a trama estrutural registrada em análise de fotolineamentos. Os cenários numéricos foram produzidos com base no método dos elementos finitos. Foram aplicadas tensões compressivas relacionadas aos dois eventos tectônicos, de modo a simular como se comportam os padrões de ruptura e as tensões horizontais máximas em uma trama estrutural pretérita. Como resultados, foi observado que as feições estruturais predominantes na região apresentam orientação E-W, WNW-ESE e NE-SW a NNE-SSW, sendo interpretadas principalmente como reativações da trama preexistente, já que são subparalelas à estruturação da Bacia Potiguar ou da Margem Equatorial. Os modelos numéricos sugerem que estruturas formadas com orientação próxima a N-S, como os lineamentos NE-SW/NNE-SSW, estariam relacionados ao campo de esforços atuante do Albiano ao Mioceno médio. Já as estruturas próximas a E-W e WNW-ESE seriam formadas principalmente pelo campo de esforços atuante do Mioceno médio ao Recente. Os resultados numéricos mostram ainda que ocorre reorientação das tensões nas adjacências de descontinuidades estruturais, favorecendo, nos dois eventos, a formação de novas estruturas paralelas à
Maneuvering Target State Estimation in Range-Squared Coordinate

In tracking applications without angle measurements, multiple sensors are usually applied. Accurate range-Doppler (R-D) estimates with a single sensor play an important role in clutter eliminating and date fusion in multisensor target tracking. In this article, maneuvering models are first established in the range-squared (RS) coordinate, then the R-D estimation of a maneuvering target is investigated. According to the Cartesian nearly constant acceleration and constant turn models, pseudostate vectors are defined in the RS coordinate and linear time-evolution equations of pseudostate are derived to describe the corresponding maneuvers. The motion models are incorporated into the converted measurement Kalman filter to extract R-D estimates from converted measurements. Corresponding to the models, the filter initialization approach, which utilizes the prior information on motion model and kinematic parameters of target, is developed. Based on the model set in the RS coordinate and the interacting multiple model (IMM) method, a recursive estimator is developed to produce pseudostate estimates of a maneuvering target. Final R-D estimates are provided through the conversion adopting the scaled unscented transformation outside the estimation recursions to avoid the propagation of nonlinearity approximation errors. Numerical experiments in different scenarios demonstrate that the maneuvering models accurately describe the time-evolution of pseudostate and the IMM estimator achieves superior estimation accuracy and consistency thanks to the exploitation of linear motion models.
Health Information Exchange Adoption and Patient Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Organizational Efficiency

Patient satisfaction is perceived as a significant benefit of hospitals’ investments in health information exchange (HIE). Successful implementation of HIE systems lead to increased organizational efficiency in hospitals and more likely to enable doctors and other staff members to better meet patient needs and expectations. This research draws upon system success theory to examine how HIE adoption affects patient satisfaction. In addition, this research investigates whether the relationship between HIE adoption and patient satisfaction is mediated by organizational efficiency. This is the first research study that draws upon system success theory to understand how HIE adoption affects patient satisfaction. For this study, the dataset was developed by integrating data from the Healthcare Cost Report Information System and the Hospital Compare data from the Medicare.gov website. It contained data from 2,459 U.S. acute care hospitals. Regression models were used to empirically validate relationships between HIE adoption and patient satisfaction. A three-step analysis was used to test the mediation effect. Results of this study indicates that HIE adoption positively impacts hospital efficiency. In addition, hospital efficiency positively influences patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the results validate the mediation role of hospital efficiency and suggest that HIE adoption indirectly affects patient satisfaction through hospital efficiency. HIE adoption leads to healthcare information system success (organizational efficiency), which in turn increases patient satisfaction.
Ethical Leadership and Employee Mental Health: Comparing Private and Public Sector Employees

Ethical leadership research mainly focuses on job outcomes while largely ignoring the potential influence on employee mental health. We seek to rectify this by examining the links between ethical leadership and work-life balance, anxiety, and depression. In addition, we include the role of organisational trust due to the important links between ethical leadership and trust. With two samples from the public sector and private sector, and using structural equation modelling, we find consistent effects across both samples. Ethical leadership is positively related to all outcomes, but organisational trust mediates the influence on work-life balance (fully in public sector, and partially in private sector), and fully mediates the influence towards anxiety and depression (both samples). In addition, we find that work-life balance also partially mediates the influence of organisational trust on anxiety and depression. This highlights the importance of organisational trust and work-life balance for ethical leaders to better alleviate mental health issues in the workplace.
Study of Meat and Carcass Quality-Related Traits in Turkey Populations through Discriminant Canonical Analysis

The present research aimed to determine the main differences in meat and carcass quality traits among turkey genotypes worldwide and describe the clustering patterns through the use of a discriminant canonical analysis (DCA). To achieve this goal, a comprehensive meta-analysis of 75 documents discussing carcass and meat characteristics in the turkey species was performed. Meat and carcass attributes of nine different turkey populations were collected and grouped in terms of the following clusters: carcass dressing traits, muscle fiber properties, pH, color-related traits, water-retaining characteristics, texture-related traits, and meat chemical composition. The Bayesian ANOVA analysis reported that the majority of variables statistically differed (p < 0.05), and the multicollinearity analysis revealed the absence of redundancy problems among variables (VIF < 5). The DCA reported that cold carcass weight, slaughter weight, sex-male, carcass/piece weight, and the protein and fat composition of meat were the traits explaining variability among different turkey genotypes (Wilks’ lambda: 0.488, 0.590, 0.905, 0.906, 0.937, and 0.944, respectively). The combination of traits in the first three dimensions explained 94.93% variability among groups. Mahalanobis distances cladogram-grouped populations following a cluster pattern and suggest its applicability as indicative of a turkey genotype’s traceability.
Sex Differences in the Skeletal Muscle Response to a High Fat, High Sucrose Diet in Rats

Men are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at lower body mass indexes than women; the role of skeletal muscle in this sex difference is poorly understood. Type 2 diabetes impacts skeletal muscle, particularly in females who demonstrate a lower oxidative capacity compared to males. To address mechanistic differences underlying this sex disparity, we investigated skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in female and male rats in response to chronic high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet consumption. Four-week-old Wistar Rats were fed a standard chow or HFHS diet for 14 weeks to identify sex-specific adaptations in mitochondrial respirometry and characteristics, transcriptional patterns, and protein profiles. Fat mass was greater with the HFHS diet in both sexes when controlled for body mass (p < 0.0001). Blood glucose and insulin resistance were greater in males (p = 0.01) and HFHS-fed rats (p < 0.001). HFHS-fed males had higher mitochondrial respiration compared with females (p < 0.01 sex/diet interaction). No evidence of a difference by sex or diet was found for mitochondrial synthesis, dynamics, or quality to support the mitochondrial respiration sex/diet interaction. However, transcriptomic analyses indicate sex differences in nutrient handling. Sex-specific differences occurred in PI3K/AKT signaling, PPARα/RXRα, and triacylglycerol degradation. These findings may provide insight into the clinical sex differences in body mass index threshold for diabetes development and tissue-specific progression of insulin resistance.
Identitas Etnis Buton dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Sulawesi Tenggara Tahun 2018: Kemenangan Kubu Ali Mazi – Lukman Abunawas Di Kota Baubau Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

Tujuan penelitian ini secara umum ialah untuk mengetahui identitas etnis Buton dalam Pemilihan Gubernur Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2018 dimana secara khusus bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya strategis kubu Ali Mazi – Lukman Abunawas dalam menarik simpati etnis Buton pada pemilihan Gubernur Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2018 serta untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan etnis Buton menjatuhkan pilihannya kepada Ali Mazi – Lukman Abunawas dalam pemilihan Gubernur Sulawesi Tenggara tahun 2018. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskripitif kualitatif yaitu menganalisa data dimana data-data tersebut diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi yang kemudian dideskripsikan dalam bentuk uraian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab dukungan etnis Buton kepada Ali Mazi dan Lukman Abunawas dipengaruhi oleh faktor sosiologis pemilih beretnis Buton sebagaimana dalam menjatuhkan pilihannya masyarakat di Sulawesi Tenggara yang beretnis Buton masih dipengaruhi oleh tradisi kesukuan dan faktor kesamaan etnis. Kemenangan Ali Mazi yang notabenenya adalah putra daerah Buton dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat etnis Buton cenderung memilih berdasarkan yang satu etnis ataupun semarga dengan mereka. Upaya strategis kubu Ali Mazi – Lukman Abunawas dalam menarik simpati etnis Buton pada Pilgub Sultra tahun 2018 yakni dengan penggunaan bahasa dan simbol etnik Buton pada masa kampanye. Bahasa turunan dari kelompok etnis Buton menjadi saluran komunikasi calon kepala daerah. Bahasa etnis menjadi instrumen dalam melakukan pendekatan secara emosional karena akan terasa adanya perasaan kekitaan antara kandidat dan masyarakat.