Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions to accurate and efficient cost aggregation for stereo matching

3D-related applications are becoming more and more popular in our daily life, such as 3D movies, 3D printing, 3D maps, 3D object recognition, etc. Many applications require realistic 3D models and thus 3D reconstruction is a key technique behind them. In this thesis, we focus on a basic problem of 3D reconstruction, i.e. stereo matching, which searches for correspondences in a stereo pair or more images of a 3D scene. Although various stereo matching methods have been published in the past decades, it is still a challenging task since the high requirement of accuracy and efficiency in practical applications. For example, autonomous driving demands realtime stereo matching technique; while 3D object modeling demands high quality solution. This thesis is dedicated to develop efficient and accurate stereo matching method. The well-known bilateral filter based adaptive support weight method represents the state-of-the-art local method, but it hardly sorts the ambiguity induced by nearby pixels at different disparities but with similar colors. Therefore, we proposed a novel trilateral filter based method that remedies such ambiguities by introducing a boundary strength term. As evaluated on the commonly accepted Middlebury benchmark, the proposed method is proved to be the most accurate local stereo matching method at the time of submission (April 2013). The computational complexity of the trilateral filter based method is high and depends on the support window size. In order to enhance its computational efficiency, we proposed a recursive trilateral filter method, inspired by recursive filter. The raw costs are aggregated on a grid graph by four one-dimensional aggregations and its computational complexity proves to be O(N), which is independent of the support window size. The practical runtime of the proposed recursive trilateral filter based method processing 375 _ 450 resolution image is roughly 260ms on a PC with a 3:4 GHz Inter Core i7 CPU, which is hundreds times faster than the original trilateral filter based method. The trilateral filter based method introduced a boundary strength term, which is computed from color edges, to handle the ambiguity induced by nearby pixels at different disparities but with similar colors. The color edges consist of two types of edges, i.e. depth edges and texture edges. Actually, only depth edges are useful for the boundary strength term. Therefore, we presented a depth edge detection method, aiming to pick out depth edges and proposed a depth edge trilateral filter based method. Evaluation on Middlebury benchmark proves the effectiveness of the proposed depth edge trilateral filter method, which is more accurate than the original trilateral filter method and other local stereo matching methods.
TOWARD CONNECTING CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVA THEORY WITH OBSERVATIONS. I. SHOCK REVIVAL IN A 15 M☉ BLUE SUPERGIANT PROGENITOR WITH SN 1987A ENERGETICS

We study the evolution of the collapsing core of a 15 M☉ blue supergiant supernova progenitor from the core bounce until 1.5 s later. We present a sample of hydrodynamic models parameterized to match the explosion energetics of SN 1987A. We find the spatial model dimensionality to be an important contributing factor in the explosion process. Compared to two-dimensional (2D) simulations, our three-dimensional (3D) models require lower neutrino luminosities to produce equally energetic explosions. We estimate that the convective engine in our models is 4% more efficient in 3D than in 2D. We propose that the greater efficiency of the convective engine found in 3D simulations might be due to the larger surface-to-volume ratio of convective plumes, which aids in distributing energy deposited by neutrinos. We do not find evidence of the standing accretion shock instability or turbulence being a key factor in powering the explosion in our models. Instead, the analysis of the energy transport in the post-shock region reveals characteristics of penetrative convection. The explosion energy decreases dramatically once the resolution is inadequate to capture the morphology of convection on large scales. This shows that the role of dimensionality is secondary to correctly accounting for the basic physics of the explosion. We also analyze information provided by particle tracers embedded in the flow and find that the unbound material has relatively long residency times in 2D models, while in 3D a significant fraction of the explosion energy is carried by particles with relatively short residency times.
TIDAL STRIPPING STELLAR SUBSTRUCTURES AROUND FOUR METAL-POOR GLOBULAR CLUSTERS IN THE GALACTIC BULGE

We investigate the spatial density configuration of stars around four metal-poor globular clusters (NGC 6266, NGC 6626, NGC 6642, and NGC 6723) in the Galactic bulge region using wide-field deep J, H, and K imaging data obtained with the Wide Field Camera near-infrared array on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. A statistical weighted filtering algorithm for the stars on the color–magnitude diagram is applied in order to sort cluster member candidates from the field star contamination. In two-dimensional isodensity contour maps of the clusters, we find that all four of the globular clusters exhibit strong evidence of tidally stripped stellar features beyond the tidal radius in the form of tidal tails or small density lobes/chunks. The orientations of the extended stellar substructures are likely to be associated with the effect of dynamic interaction with the Galaxy and the clusterʼs space motion. The observed radial density profiles of the four globular clusters also describe the extended substructures; they depart from theoretical King and Wilson models and have an overdensity feature with a break in the slope of the profile at the outer region of clusters. The observed results could imply that four globular clusters in the Galactic bulge region have experienced strong environmental effects such as tidal forces or bulge/disk shocks of the Galaxy during the dynamical evolution of globular clusters. These observational results provide further details which add to our understanding of the evolution of clusters in the Galactic bulge region as well as the formation of the Galaxy.
Women in Prisons

Before being locked up, incarcerated women are more marginalized, have higher rates of mental illness and substance misuse, and have more often experienced physical or sexual victimization than incarcerated men. Women experience prison differently. However, much of what we know about women’s experiences comes from research in the United States and the United Kingdom, providing little insight into women prisoners’ experiences elsewhere. This is unfortunate for many reasons; policy makers wishing to develop evidence-based initiatives, for example, cannot know whether what seems to work in one place is appropriate in another. Case studies from Canada, Norway, and Mexico reveal similarities and substantial differences in women’s experiences. Incarcerated women in all three places have histories of victimization and identify their children as their primary motivator to desist from crime and drug use. However, how they relate to programming, prison work, accommodation, and prison food varies greatly. How women in these three different countries experience imprisonment is related to conditions of their lives outside of prison and to the nature, extent, and quality of available social welfare services. Researchers need to pay much closer attention to geographical and contextual differences when assessing the conditions, challenges, and prospects of women in prisons.
Disorder-driven electronic localization and phase separation in superconducting Fe1+yTe0.5Se0.5 single crystals

We have investigated the influence of Fe excess on the electrical transport and magnetism of Fe1+yTe0.5Se0. 5 (y=0.04 and 0.09) single crystals. Both compositions exhibit resistively determined superconducting transitions (T-c) with an onset temperature of about 15 K. From the width of the superconducting transition and the magnitude of the lower critical field H-c1, it is inferred that excess of Fe suppresses superconductivity. The linear and nonlinear responses of the ac susceptibility show that the superconducting state for these compositions is inhomogeneous. A possible origin of this phase separation is a magnetic coupling between Fe excess occupying interstitial sites in the chalcogen planes and those in the Fe-square lattice. The temperature derivative of the resistivity d(rho)/d(T) in the temperature range T-c < T < T-a with T-a being the temperature of a magnetic anomaly, changes from positive to negative with increasing Fe. A log 1/T divergence of the resistivity above T-c in the sample with higher amount of Fe suggests a disorder-driven electronic localization.
Deep learning combined with topology and channel features for road extraction from remote sensing images

Using remote sensing images to automatically extract road network information has become an imposing method because manually labeling roads is a time-consuming and laborious task. Traditional road extraction is regarded as a pixel-based segmentation method, which predicts the probability of each pixel on the road. It often neglects the pixel’s neighboring information and the topology property of the road network, so some branches of roads cannot be recognized by this method. To mitigate the problem, this paper proposes a new road extraction method with attention and topology modules, TSELinkNet. It extracts channel features and topology features from the images and then integrates them with spatial features to acquire a comprehensive feature. This method is conducted on two different types of road datasets including urban and rural areas. Also, we compare the predicted results from TSE-LinkNet with other results from existing methods using Precision, Recall, F1 and mean intersection over union (mIoU) evaluation metrics. In both datasets, TSE-LinkNet improves Precision metrics by 0.61% and 2.58% respectively. In the urban road dataset, other metrics arise greatly as well, where Recall, F1 and mIoU increase1.28%, 14.18% and 4.46% sharply. The extracted roads from TSE-LinkNet have better connectivity compared with other methods in qualitative results. Experimental results showed that this method has a satisfying ability to extract roads from complex-topology urban areas.
An exact formula for the statistics of the current in the TASEP with open boundaries

We study the totally asymmetric exclusion process on a finite one-dimensional lattice with open boundaries, i.e. in contact with two reservoirs at different potentials. The total (time-integrated) current through the system is a random variable that scales linearly with time in the long-time limit. We conjecture a parametric representation for the generating function of the cumulants of the current, which is related to the large deviation function by Laplace transform. This formula is valid for all system sizes and for all values of the boundary coupling parameters.
A review of solar type III radio bursts

Solar type III radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool in the understanding of solar accelerated electron beams. They are a signature of propagating beams of nonthermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and the solar system. Consequently, they provide information on electron acceleration and transport, and the conditions of the background ambient plasma they travel through. We review the observational properties of type III bursts with an emphasis on recent results and how each property can help identify attributes of electron beams and the ambient background plasma. We also review some of the theoretical aspects of type III radio bursts and cover a number of numerical efforts that simulate electron beam transport through the solar corona and the heliosphere.
Observation of Topological Nodal Fermion Semimetal Phase in ZrSiS

The search for new topological phases of matter is a major new direction in condensed matter physics. Recent experimental realizations of Dirac and Weyl semimetal phases pave the way to look for other exotic phases of matter in real materials. In this paper, the authors present a systematic angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of ZrSiS, a potential topological nodal semimetal candidate. Their systematic measurements establish the spinless nodal fermion semimetal phase in ZrSiS, which is supported by their first-principles calculations. This work puts forward the ZrSiS-type material family as a new platform to explore exotic states of quantum matter.
iNOS inhibitors: Benzimidazole-coumarin derivatives to combat inflammation

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) plays an important role in the inflammatory processes via accelerating the production of nitric oxide (NO). The efforts to develop small molecules as selective inhibitors of iNOS are being reported across the globe. The current study explores varied benzimidazole-coumarin derivatives as anti-iNOS agents. Literature survey suggests 2-aminobenzimidazole, coumarin nucleus, and 4-atom linker as important structural components for iNOS inhibition. Target compounds were designed and synthesized by coupling 2-aminobenzimidazole with (un)substituted coumarin through different linkers. These were docked in iNOS (1QW4) and nNOS (1QW6) targets to ascertain their iNOS selectivity, and evaluated for NO and iNOS inhibitory activities in vitro. The most active inhibitors were subsequently evaluated for acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model in vivo. All compounds possessed moderate to good NO and iNOS inhibitory activities. Compounds 14a, 14b, 14d, and 14e were the most potent inhibitors in vitro. These were found to significantly reduce the inflammation. Compounds 14d and 14e have been identified as the most potent iNOS inhibitors to combat inflammation. These derivatives may serve as potential compounds as such against iNOS, or as leads for the development of novel anti-iNOS agents.
Component mixers and a hardness result for counterfeiting quantum money

In this paper we give the first proof that, under reasonable assumptions, a problem related to counterfeiting quantum money from knots [Farhi et al. 2010] is hard. Along the way, we introduce the concept of a component mixer, define three new classical query problems and associated complexity classes related to graph isomorphism and group membership, and conjecture an oracle separating QCMA from QMA.
A K-band spectral mini-survey of Galactic B[e] stars

We present a mini-survey of Galactic B[e] stars mainly undertaken with the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). B[e] stars show morphological features with hydrogen emission lines and an infrared excess, attributed to warm circumstellar dust. In general, these features are assumed to arise from dense, non-spherical, disk-forming circumstellar material in which molecules and dust can condensate. Due to the lack of reliable luminosities, the class of Galactic B[e] stars contains stars at very different stellar evolutionary phases like Herbig AeBe, supergiants or planetary nebulae. We took near-infrared long-slit K-band spectra for a sample of Galactic B[e] stars with the LBT-Luci I. Prominent spectral features, such as the Brackett gamma line and CO band heads are identified in the spectra. The analysis shows that the stars can be characterized as evolved objects. Among others we find one LBV candidate (MWC314), one supergiant B[e] candidate with 13CO (MWC137) and in two cases (MWC623 and AS 381) indications for the existence of a late-type binary companion, complementary to previous studies. For MWC84, IR spectra were taken at different epochs with LBT-Luci I and the GNIRS spectrograph at the Gemini North telescope. The new data show the disappearance of the circumstellar CO emission around this star, previously detectable over decades. Also no signs of a recent prominent eruption leading to the formation of new CO disk emission are found during 2010 and 2013.
A Correlation-Based Transition Model Using Local Variables: Part I — Model Formulation

A new correlation-based transition model has been developed, which is based strictly on local variables. As a result, the transition model is compatible with modern CFD approaches such as unstructured grids and massive parallel execution. The model is based on two transport equations, one for intermittency and one for the transition onset criteria in terms of momentum thickness Reynolds number. The proposed transport equations do not attempt to model the physics of the transition process (unlike e.g. turbulence models), but form a framework for the implementation of correlation-based models into general-purpose CFD methods. Part I (this part) of this paper gives a detailed description of the mathematical formulation of the model and some of the basic test cases used for model validation, including a 2-D turbine blade. Part II of the paper details a significant number of test cases that have been used to validate the transition model for turbomachinery and aerodynamic applications. The authors believe that the current formulation is a significant step forward in engineering transition modeling, as it allows the combination of correlation-based transition models with general purpose CFD codes. © 2004 ASME
Information Technologies for Real-Time Mapping of Human Well-Being Indicators in an Urban Historical Garden

The post-pandemic era has raised awareness on the importance of physical and psychological well-being for decreasing the vulnerability of both individuals and populations. Citizens in urban areas are subject to numerous stress factors which can be mitigated by green spaces such as parks and gardens. Sensor and internet technologies support nature-based solutions in various ways. In this paper, we show the results of ongoing research on the use of spatially distributed IoT sensors that collect climate data in an ~8 ha urban garden. The novelty resides in the method for merging the IoT data with a detailed 3D model created by a laser scan survey from a drone flight. The end products are 1 m resolution thermal comfort maps of user-defined scenarios, e.g., at specific times or aggregated in daily/monthly/yearly statistics that represent a thermal comfort distribution. For full replicability, the code is open source and available as an R package on Github.
Laser-Material Interactions: A Study of Laser Energy Coupling with Solids

LBL-34889 UC-410 Laser-Material Interactions: A Study of Laser Energy Coupling with Solids Mark A. Shannon Ph. D. Thesis Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 USA and Energy and Environment Division Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 USA November 1993 This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, of the U.S. Department of energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. _~IST1nBUTION OF TH'S DOCUMENT IS MASTER cfi UNLlM'T~lJ
A hadronic origin for ultra-high-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects

Current Cherenkov telescopes have identified a population of ultra-high-frequency peaked BL Lac objects (UHBLs), also known as extreme blazars, that exhibit exceptionally hard TeV spectra, including 1ES 0229+200, 1ES 0347-121, RGB J0710+591, 1ES 1101-232, and 1ES 1218+304. Although one-zone synchrotron-self-Compton (SSC) models have been generally successful in interpreting the high-energy emission observed in other BL Lac objects, they are problematic for UHBLs, necessitating very large Doppler factors and/or extremely high minimum Lorentz factors of the emitting leptonic population. In this context, we have investigated alternative scenarios where hadronic emission processes are important, using a newly developed (lepto-)hadronic numerical code to systematically explore the physical parameters of the emission region that reproduces the observed spectra while avoiding the extreme values encountered in pure SSC models. Assuming a fixed Doppler factor $\delta=30$, two principal parameter regimes are identified, where the high-energy emission is due to: 1) proton-synchrotron radiation, with magnetic fields $B \sim 1-100\ \textrm{G}$ and maximum proton energies $E_{p;max} \lesssim 10^{19}$ eV; and 2) synchrotron emission from p-$\gamma$-induced cascades as well as SSC emission from primary leptons, with $B \sim 0.1-1\ \textrm{G}$ and $E_{p;max} \lesssim 10^{17}$ eV. This can be realized with plausible, sub-Eddington values for the total (kinetic plus magnetic) power of the emitting plasma, in contrast to hadronic interpretations for other blazar classes that often warrant highly super-Eddington values.
A Dual-Layer Full-Phase Frequency-Selective Surface for Continuous 2-D Beam Scanning

Based on the generalized frequency selective surface (FSS) theory, we prove that the dual-layer dual-polarization transmission FSS can achieve 360° phase coverage at a limited loss. As a verification, a dual-layer dual-polarization full-phase unit cell with vias is proposed, which can achieve a phase range of more than 360° under 2 dB transmission loss. In addition, we innovatively apply the proposed dual-layer full-phase FSS to the design of a continuous 2-D beam scanning antenna based on the Risley prism (RP). This scheme effectively reduces the number of dielectric substrate layers required by the phase shifting surface (PSS), reduces the rotating scanning inertia, and effectively improves the aperture efficiency. The measured results show that the maximum scanning range of the 2-D beam scanning antenna can reach ±46° in the elevation plane and 360° in the azimuth plane. When operating at the center operating frequency of 21 GHz, the maximum gain of the antenna is 35.75 dBi with an aperture efficiency of 44.1%.