Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOLKETAL LEVULINATE ESTER AS A POTENTIAL FUEL ADDITIVE FOR PALM BIODIESEL

The use of Solketal levulinate ester (SoLE) as a potential cold flow improver (CFI) for palm biodiesel is studied. SoLE was added to palm biodiesel and several crucial palm biodiesel characteristics such as density, kinematic viscosity, pour point (PP), cloud point (CP) and cold flow plugging point (CFPP) were evaluated. SoLE was mixed with palm biodiesel at levels of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%, except for CFPP, only at an additional level of 1.0%, 10.0% and 15.0%. From the study, it was observed that the best percent addition of SoLE depends on the respective parameter to be improved. The density of palm biodiesel, when blended with 0.5% to 2.5% SoLE has been shown to decrease the density of neat palm biodiesel and the density value is conformed to the EN ISO 12185 standard. Kinematic viscosity values were also enhanced with the addition of SoLE below 5.0%, and the value was also within the standard range of kinematic viscosity of palm biodiesel, which must be in the range of between 3.5-5.0 mm 2 s –1 . The blending of palm biodiesel with SoLE at 15.0%-20.0% showed some promising effects by improving the pour point of palm biodiesel, between 2 o C and 5 o C, with a recommended 15.0% addition that is most economic. Similarly, the cloud point of palm biodiesel blended with SoLE at the same percentage addition showed a reduction between 3 o C to 6 o C. Palm biodiesel blended with SoLE at 15.0% addition showed a positive and noteworthy effect, especially on the improvement of the palm-biodiesel cold flow characteristics.
The “3Ds” of Growing Kidney Organoids: Advances in Nephron Development, Disease Modeling, and Drug Screening

A kidney organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregate grown from stem cells in vitro that undergoes self-organization, recapitulating aspects of normal renal development to produce nephron structures that resemble the native kidney organ. These miniature kidney-like structures can also be derived from primary patient cells and thus provide simplified context to observe how mutations in kidney-disease-associated genes affect organogenesis and physiological function. In the past several years, advances in kidney organoid technologies have achieved the formation of renal organoids with enhanced numbers of specialized cell types, less heterogeneity, and more architectural complexity. Microfluidic bioreactor culture devices, single-cell transcriptomics, and bioinformatic analyses have accelerated the development of more sophisticated renal organoids and tailored them to become increasingly amenable to high-throughput experimentation. However, many significant challenges remain in realizing the use of kidney organoids for renal replacement therapies. This review presents an overview of the renal organoid field and selected highlights of recent cutting-edge kidney organoid research with a focus on embryonic development, modeling renal disease, and personalized drug screening.
The Effect of Parenting Styles of Original Families on Individual’s Close Relationship

As a result of the development of the society, individuals have increasingly higher needs in relationship, which also leads to various roles playing in close relationship. Family is an essential influential factor to different choices of close relationship. In order to find out link between close relationship and family, this article summarizes precious articles about close relationship and parenting styles. Parenting styles are defined as complex activity that parents effect on children through demanding, controlling and responding children. Close relationship is mainly defined by closeness, including friendship and romantic relationship. Article combines attachment theory to analyze the link between parenting styles and close relationship. The conclusion is that individuals growing with growing in authoritative parenting style are more likely to develop healthy close relationship, which is more encouraged by researchers. As a result of great learning ability and rapid mental changing of children, personality of individuals can be influenced directly due to different parenting styles. Additionally, personality can influence on different choices of close relationship. Researchers have not explained how to analyze factors of close relationship in biological and gene way. In the future, scientists can continue to analyze various close relationship’s influential factors with different perspectives, especially genetics. This article helps scientists develop continuous research on developmental psychology and social psychology. Meanwhile, it encourages parenting style which is helpful to individuals to develop healthy close relationship.
The estimation of latent and infectious periods

SUMMARY For many diseases an individual once infected is unable to pass on the disease for what is called the latent period. He then passes into the infectious period, which ends when his symptoms appear and he is removed from circulation. The paper discusses several attempts to model this situation with emphasis on a model in which both the latent period and the infectious period are proportional to x2 variates. The likelihood function is derived for data consisting of interremoval times from households of two. The computational difficulties are discussed and an approximation to the likelihood is suggested. The model is generalized for a variable infection rate and used to analyze three sets of measles data.
Voice F0 responses elicited by perturbations in pitch of auditory feedback in individuals that stutter and controls

This study aims to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of vocal control in frequency‐altered conditions of auditory feedback for people who do and who do not stutter by assessing the vocal responses to perturbations in pitch of auditory feedback. Past research has shown that the speech of people who stutter improves during frequency‐altered feedback, but the mechanisms responsible for this fluency remain unclear. Typically, brief modulations in pitch of voice auditory feedback lead to short‐latency corrective voice F0 responses during sustained phonations and inflected speech in nonstuttering individuals. However, data are lacking regarding audio‐vocal control mechanisms in individuals that stutter. Brief upward (+) and downward (−) perturbations in pitch (50 or 600 cents in magnitude) lasting 200 ms in duration were introduced intermittently into vocalizing subjects auditory feedback. To date, N=3 moderate to severe developmental stutterers and N=3 age and gender matched control nonst.
Pyroelectric luminescence via internal Poole-Frenkel effect

Pyroelectric luminescence is a universal property of pyroelectric materials under changing temperature. In all compounds studied, inorganic and organic, it has two possible manifestations: Short-emission bursts caused by discharge of the pyroelectric field through the surrounding atmosphere and a smooth luminescence slowly varying with temperature. This latter emission, characteristic for the specific material, still waits for an explanation. With Sn2P2S6 as a sample pyroelectric we show that this luminescence arises from a release of trapped charge carriers, triggered by the pyrolectric field via the Poole-Frenkel effect.
On the no-slip boundary condition

It has been argued that the no-slip boundary condition, applicable when a viscous fluid flows over a solid surface, may be an inevitable consequence of the fact that all such surfaces are, in practice, rough on a microscopic scale: the energy lost through viscous dissipation as a fluid passes over and around these irregularities is sufficient to ensure that it is effectively brought to rest. The present paper analyses the flow over a particularly simple model of such a rough wall to support these physical ideas.
The Joy of Teaching and Writing Conceptual Physics

When I began teaching at City College of San Francisco in 1964, I fell in love with a 1960 text-book that addressed non-science students, Physics for the Inquiring Mind, written by British-born physicist Eric M. Rogers, who taught physics at Princeton University and who later won the 1969 Oersted Medal of the American Association of Physics Teachers. His book was as inspirational as he was and remains a favorite of mine. My request to adopt that book for my physics class was rejected by my department chair, Art Austin, who claimed it was much too bulky and heavy for students to have to haul around. It weighed more than five pounds, with a trim size huge for that time—8 × 11 inches. To further justify its rejection, he also found topics considered important not covered in the book. I would have loved teaching from the Rogers book, but such was not to be.
Ubiquitin C‑terminal hydrolase‑L1: A new cancer marker and therapeutic target with dual effects (Review)

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), a member of the lesser-known deubiquitinating enzyme family, has deubiquitinase and ubiquitin (Ub) ligase activity and the role of stabilizing Ub. UCH-L1 was first discovered in the brain and is associated with regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, transcriptional regulation and numerous other biological processes. UCH-L1 is predominantly expressed in the brain and serves a role in tumor promotion or inhibition. There is still controversy about the effect of UCH-L1 dysregulation in cancer and its mechanisms are unknown. Extensive research to investigate the mechanism of UCH-L1 in different types of cancer is key for the future treatment of UCH-L1-associated cancer. The present review details the molecular structure and function of UCH-L1. The role of UCH-L1 in different types of cancer is also summarized and how novel treatment targets provide a theoretical foundation in cancer research is discussed.
Investigation of the Exposure of Schoolchildren to Ultrafine Particles (PM0.1) during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Medium-Sized City in Indonesia

The health risk of schoolchildren who were exposed to airborne fine and ultrafine particles (PM0.1) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jambi City (a medium-sized city in Sumatra Island), Indonesia was examined. A questionnaire survey was used to collect information on schoolchildren from selected schools and involved information on personal profiles; living conditions; daily activities and health status. Size-segregated ambient particulate matter (PM) in school environments was collected over a period of 24 h on weekdays and the weekend. The personal exposure of PM of eight selected schoolchildren from five schools was evaluated for a 12-h period during the daytime using a personal air sampler for PM0.1 particles. The schoolchildren spent their time mostly indoors (~88%), while the remaining ~12% was spent in traveling and outdoor activities. The average exposure level was 1.5~7.6 times higher than the outdoor level and it was particularly high for the PM0.1 fraction (4.8~7.6 times). Cooking was shown to be a key parameter that explains such a large increase in the exposure level. The PM0.1 had the largest total respiratory deposition doses (RDDs), particularly during light exercise. The high level of PM0.1 exposure by indoor sources potentially associated with health risks was shown to be important.
Averaging results for homogeneous differential equations that are not fast time-varying

Within the Liapunov framework, a sufficient condition for uniform asymptotic stability of ordinary differential equations is proposed. Unlike with classical Liapunov theory, the time derivative of the V-function, taken along solutions of the system, may have positive and negative values. It is shown that the proposed condition is useful for the study of uniform asymptotic stability of homogeneous systems with order /spl tau/>0. In particular, it is established that asymptotic stability of the averaged homogeneous system implies local uniform asymptotic stability of the original time-varying homogeneous system. This shows that averaging techniques play a prominent role in the study of homogeneous-not necessarily fast time-varying-systems.
Direct Actuation of GaAs Membrane with the Microprobe of Scanning Probe Microscopy

A method for evaluating the dynamic characteristics of micro- and nanoresonators with high spatial resolution is proposed. The mechanical resonance of circular micromembrane resonators is directly induced by voltage applied from the microprobe of a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) system. The vibration amplitude is simultaneously detected as height information by SPM. Experimentally, the resonant properties of fundamental and higher-order modes of 200-nm-thick GaAs micromembranes were measured. The frequency of the highest mode is 3.4 MHz and its resonant amplitude is about 1 nm. The resonant amplitude increases with increasing actuation voltage in a linear manner at voltages below 180 mV. Large actuation voltage induces nonlinear vibration with the spring soften effect, which originates from the strong attractive force induced by the electronic field between the probe and membrane. The high tapping force, which is repulsive, induces another type of nonlinear vibration caused by the spring harden effect. The simultaneous actuation and detection for mechanical resonators based on SPM technology reveals the characteristics of the mechanical interaction force between the micromembrane and microprobe.
Geodesic conjugacies of two-step nilmanifolds.

Two Riemannian manifolds (M, g) and(N, h) are said to have C-conjugate geodesic flowsif there is aC diffeomorphismF : S(M, g)→ S(N, h) between their unit tangent bundles that intertwines their geodesic flows. A compact Riemannian manifold is said to beC-geodesically rigidwithin a given classM of manifolds if any Riemannian manifoldN inM whose geodesic flow is C-conjugate to that of M is isometric toM. Weinstein [W] exhibited a zoll surface of nonconstant curvature whose geodesic flow is conjugate to that of the round sphere. More recently, Croke and Kleiner [CK] proved that, on any smooth manifold, there exist infinite-dimensional families of pairwise nonisometric Riemannian metrics with mutually C∞-conjugate geodesic flows. On the other hand, various manifolds are known to be geodesically rigid—for example, within the class of all Riemannian manifolds, compact surfaces of negative curvature are C 0-geodesically rigid ([CFF], see also [C] and [O] for C1-rigidity) and hyperbolic manifolds are C1-geodesically rigid [BCG]. In this article, we will consider questions of geodesic rigidity for the class of compact two-step Riemannian nilmanifolds. A k-step Riemannian nilmanifold (0\N, g) is a quotient of ak-step nilpotent Lie groupG by a (possibly trivial) discrete subgroup0 together with a Riemannian metric g whose lift toG, also denotedg, is left-invariant. Note that a compact one-step Riemannian nilmanifold is just a flat torus. Thus the compact two-step Riemannian nilmanifolds may be viewed as the simplest generalization of flat tori, yet they have a much richer geometry. This paper builds on work of Eberlein [E], who studied the length spectrum and marked length spectrum of compact two-step Riemannian nilmanifolds and raised the question of whether such manifolds are geodesically rigid. For other work concerning geodesic conjugacies of two-step nilmanifolds, see [BM] and [K]. We are interested in the question of rigidity of geodesic flows in part because of its relationship to spectral geometry. Two Riemannian manifolds are said to be isospectralif the associated Laplace–Beltrami operators have the same eigenvalue
Exchange stiffness constant determination using multiple-mode FMR perpendicular standing spin waves

The exchange stiffness constant is recognized as one of the fundamental properties of magnetic materials, though its accurate experimental determination remains a particular challenge. In thin films, resonance measurements exploiting perpendicular standing spin waves (PSSWs) are increasingly used to extract this parameter, typically through a determination of the first-order PSSW mode. Here, we present a systematic study of multiple PSSW modes in NiFe films, where both the sample thickness and the cap layer material are varied. The results show that a simple analysis based on the Kittel rigid pinning model yields an exchange stiffness constant that varies with thickness, mode number, and capping layer material. This finding is clearly inconsistent with physical expectation that the exchange stiffness constant of a material is single valued for a particular set of thermodynamic conditions. Using a more general exchange boundary condition, we show, through a comprehensive set of micromagnetic simulations, that a dynamic pinning mechanism originally proposed by Wigen is able to reproduce the experimental results using a single value of Aex. Our findings support the utility of short wavelength, higher order PSSWs to determine the Aex of thin films and show that the value of Aex obtained has a weak dependency on the material immediately adjacent to the magnetic layer.
AM4: MRAM Crossbar Based CAM/TCAM/ACAM/AP for In-Memory Computing

In-memory computing seeks to minimize data movement and alleviate the memory wall by computing in-situ, in the same place that the data is located. One of the key emerging technologies that promises to enable such computing-in-memory is spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junction (STT-MTJ). This paper proposes AM4, a combined STT-MTJ-based Content Addressable Memory (CAM), Ternary CAM (TCAM), approximate matching (similarity search) CAM (ACAM), and in-memory Associative Processor (AP) design, inspired by the recently announced Samsung MRAM crossbar. We demonstrate and evaluate the performance and energy-efficiency of the AM4-based AP using a variety of data intensive workloads. We show that an AM4-based AP outperforms state-of-the-art solutions both in performance (with the average speedup of about 10 ×) and energy-efficiency (by about 60 × on average).
Diacetyl Inhibits the Browning of Fresh-Cut Stem Lettuce by Regulating the Metabolism of Phenylpropane and Antioxidant Ability

Enzymatic browning is the main quality issue of fresh-cut stem lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. angustana Irish). In this research, the effect of diacetyl on the browning and browning-related mechanisms of fresh-cut stem lettuce was explored. The data showed that diacetyl treatment with 10 μL L−1 inhibited the browning of fresh-cut stem lettuce and extended the shelf life by over 8 d at 4 °C compared with the control. Diacetyl treatment repressed gene expression and decreased the activities of PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), C4H (cinnamate-4-hydroxylase) and 4CL (4-coumarate-CoA ligase), which thus reduced the accumulation of individual and total phenolic compounds. Moreover, diacetyl enhanced the antioxidant ability and reduced ROS accumulation, improving the anti-browning ability and indirectly suppressing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. These results indicated that diacetyl treatment repressed the browning of fresh-cut stem lettuce by regulating the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway and antioxidant ability. This study is the first to report that diacetyl has an effective anti-browning role for fresh-cut stem lettuce.
Interim Report of a Japanese Phase II Trial for Cardiac Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia　― Focus on Target Determination ―

Background: Cardiac radiotherapy using stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has attracted attention as a minimally invasive treatment for refractory ventricular tachycardia. However, a standardized protocol and software program for determining the irradiation target have not been established. Here, we report the first preclinical stereotactic radioregulation antiarrhythmic therapy trial in Japan, focused on the target-setting process. Methods and Results: From 2019 onwards, 3 patients (age range 60–91 years) presenting with ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were enrolled. Two patients were extremely serious and urgent, and were followed up for 6 and 30 months. To determine the irradiation targets, we aggregated electrophysiological, structural, and functional data and reflected them in an American Heart Association 17-segment model, as per the current recommendations. However, in all 3 patients, invasive electrophysiological study, phase-contrast computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging could not be performed; therefore, electrophysiological and structural information was limited. As alternatives, high-resolution ambulatory electrocardiography and nuclear medicine studies were useful in assessing arrhythmic substrates; however, concerns regarding test weighting and multiple scoring remain. Risks to surrounding organs were fully taken into account. Conclusions: In patients requiring cardiac SBRT, the information needed for target planning is sometimes limited to minimally invasive tests. Although there are issues to be resolved, this is a promising option for the life-saving treatment of patients in critical situations.
Chromaticity Sensibility to Wave-Length Difference as a Function of Purity*

Using apparatus designed by Priest and Gibson, the writer has determined sensibility to wave-length difference for his right eye: (1) For stimuli of unit purity (spectral light) from 450 to 645 mμ. (2) For stimuli consisting of artificial noon sunlight plus homogeneous light of some selected wave-length, the wave-lengths being 455, 470, 481.5, 493, 530, 580, 635 mμ, and the purities ranging from unity to a few percent. (3) For stimuli consisting of homogeneous light of wave-length 455 plus some one of heterogeneous stimuli specified as follows: (a) equal energy, (b) color temperature 2570°K, (c) color temperature over 24,000°K. (4) For a stimulus consisting of homogeneous light of wave-length 530 mμ plus heterogeneous light of color temperature over 24,000°K. The results of (1) are concordant with previous determinations by others. The least perceptible difference (LPD) in wave-length for (2) shows, for wave-lengths 635, 580, 530 and 493 mμ at first a slow and then, near zero purity, a rapid increase as purity is decreased. For wave-length 455 mμ with decreasing purity, the LPD at first increases and then decreases to a pronounced minimum at about fifteen percent purity, increasing rapidly beyond this. Wave-lengths 470 and 481.5 mμ show a similar but less marked effect. The experiments noted under (3) and (4) were undertaken in order to study the effect of the spectral distribution of the heterogeneous stimulus in modifying the peculiar results just described for wave-lengths less than 482 mμ. It is shown that the form of the curve showing LPD as a function of purity depends upon the spectral distribution of the heterogeneous stimulus. Two hypotheses are proposed to account for the peculiar results for short wave-lengths.