Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State Synchronization of Networked Euler-Lagrange Systems with Switching Communication Topologies Subject to Actuator Faults

Abstract Reconfigurable control of networked heterogeneous Euler-Lagrange (EL) systems subject to actuator faults is considered in this paper. It is assumed that the communication network is time-varying (switching). We first introduce a distributed control strategy for state synchronization of multiple EL systems. This controller is denoted as the “nominal” controller. To guarantee state synchronization of the switching communication network topologies we require existence of a non-vanishing dwell-time between any two sequential switches. Next, we consider two types of actuator faults namely (1) an additive actuator fault, and (2) a loss of effectiveness actuator fault. By employing the nominal control algorithm developed for state synchronization, we introduce two other control algorithms for state synchronization in presence of the faults. Simulation results illustrate and demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed control algorithms.
RF barcodes using multiple frequency bands

Two novel approaches are proposed here to achieve a practical RF barcode. Firstly, to achieve a useful number of bits the resonator centre frequencies span three bands: 2.4GHz, 5.25GHz and 5.8GHz. Secondly, resonator width variation is used for fine control of the barcode resonance frequency to within <0.2% accuracy. Bistatic S21 based detection is used based on scattering and absorption to interrogate the barcodes in the field and 5 bit operation is demonstrated successfully in the 5470- 5875 MHz band at 1.5m range. Similarities and differences between the RF barcodes and frequency selective surfaces are explained. The presented design and detection techniques are applicable to other frequencies such as 900MHz and 24GHz.
Prenatal and Postnatal Household Air Pollution Exposure and Infant Growth Trajectories: Evidence from a Rural Ghanaian Pregnancy Cohort

Background: The exposure–response association between prenatal and postnatal household air pollution (HAP) and infant growth trajectories is unknown. Objectives: To evaluate associations between prenatal and postnatal HAP exposure and stove interventions on growth trajectories over the first year of life. Methods: The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study enrolled n=1,414 pregnant women at ≤24wk gestation from Kintampo, Ghana, and randomized them to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), improved biomass, or open fire (control) stoves. We quantified HAP exposure by repeated, personal prenatal and postnatal carbon monoxide (CO) and, in a subset, fine particulate matter [PM with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2. 5μm (PM2.5)] assessments. Length, weight, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and head circumference (HC) were measured at birth, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; weight-for-age, length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length z (WLZ)-scores were calculated. For each anthropometric measure, we employed latent class growth analysis to generate growth trajectories over the first year of life and assigned each child to a trajectory group. We then employed ordinal logistic regression to determine associations between HAP exposures and growth trajectory assignments. Associations with stove intervention arm were also considered. Results: Of the 1,306 live births, 1,144 had valid CO data and anthropometric variables measured at least once. Prenatal HAP exposure increased risk for lower length [CO odds ratio (OR)= 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35 per 1-ppm increase; PM2.5 OR= 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13 per 10-μg/m3 increase], lower LAZ z-score (CO OR= 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.32 per 1-ppm increase) and stunting (CO OR= 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.45) trajectories. Postnatal HAP exposure increased risk for smaller HC (CO OR= 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.13 per 1-ppm increase), smaller MUAC and lower WLZ-score (PM2.5 OR= 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.14 and OR= 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.19 per 10-μg/m3 increase, respectively) trajectories. Infants in the LPG arm had decreased odds of having smaller HC and MUAC trajectories as compared with those in the open fire stove arm (OR= 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.92 and OR= 0.45, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.90, respectively). Discussion: Higher early life HAP exposure (during pregnancy and through the first year of life) was associated with poorer infant growth trajectories among children in rural Ghana. A cleaner-burning stove intervention may have improved some growth trajectories. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8109
AVALIAÇÃO DO PERFIL DOS FREQÜENTADORES DE ACADEMIA DO PLANO PILOTO PROFILE EVALUATION OF GYMNASTIC ACADEMIES USERS IN BRASÍLIA

Relevant changes that happened on the last decades provoked people life stile alterations mainly on alimentary habits and exercise activity. It caused an increase of overweight that reaches 40.6% of the Brazilian population and 11% of that people are obese. Moreover, the number of people that have body image disturb has increased. Because of that, it is important that health professionals be prepared to attend this group. So, the main goal of this work is to establish the profile of gymnastic academies users in the city of Brasilia. Participated of the research 210 adults and seven gymnastic academies. A questionnaire was used and the BMI was the parameter used to estimate the nutritional state. The prevalence of overweight was 30.5%, being higher in men (39.4%) than in women (23.3%). It was observed that 63.8% of the participants wanted to lose body fat, 33% wanted to diminish their weight and 60.5% wanted to increase their body muscle. These objectives were separated according sex and age. Women presented a higher distortion of their body image compared to men. Thirty three percent of the interviewers were on a diet and 19.5% were consuming some kind of supplements.
Characterization of the immune induced antimicrobial peptide in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila ananassae

Insects can recognize invading pathogens and initiate an immune response. Among them, Drosophila has emerged as an invertebrate model for investigating innate immune responses in which antimicrobial peptides play a crucial role. In the present study, immune-induced antimicrobial peptides were characterized in D. melanogaster and D. ananassae using the agar well diffusion method, HPLC, SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS after infection with either S. aureus or E. coli. The HPLC revealed two and three differentially induced components, respectively, in D. melanogaster and D. ananassae fl ies infected with S. aureus and E. coli. The tricine SDS-PAGE analysis also revealed two and fi ve differentially induced proteins, respectively, in D. melanogaster and D. ananassae infected with E. coli. In E. coli infected fl ies, the ~6 kDa band was produced at higher level. Based on LCMS/MS and Mascot analysis, the peptide was identifi ed as a putative cecropin A-like peptide, and the data suggested that both species of Drosophila have exhibited a clear immune response. The fl ies were also able to discriminate between bacteria, as this putative cecropin A-like peptide was produced in fl ies infected with E. coli but not S. aureus. * Corresponding author; e-mail: knagarajv@gmail.com INTRODUCTION The fruit fl y, Drosophila melanogaster has innate immunity against invading microbes. This includes both cellular and humoral immune responses (Lye, 2018; Meghashree & Nagaraj, 2020). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component in the fi rst line of defence (Yuchen et al., 2019). AMPs are endogenous peptides with a molecular weight (MW) of ~2–22 kDa and they are released by the fat body (analogue of the liver) into haemolymph to clear off the microbial infections (Troha et al., 2019). The interactions of AMPs with Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria differ. The positively charged AMPs selectively interact with prokaryotes having a negatively charged bacterial cell-wall, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipids. Based on the available data (FlyBase), nine distinct classes of AMPs (23 members) are identifi ed in Drosophila (Thurmond et al., 2019). Among them, attacin, diptericin, cecropin and drosocin are produced in response to Gram-negative bacterial infections (Imd pathway), metchnikowin and defensin in response to a Gram-positive bacterial infection (Toll pathway) and drosomycin only in response to fungal infection (Sheehan et al., 2018). As fruit fl ies are genetically similar in the way they combat diseases as humans, they can be used to evaluate miEur. J. Entomol. 118: 355–363, 2021 doi: 10.14411/eje.2021. 037
Deepening into Intracellular Signaling Landscape through Integrative Spatial Proteomics and Transcriptomics in a Lymphoma Model

Human Proteome Project (HPP) presents a systematic characterization of the protein landscape under different conditions using several complementary-omic techniques (LC-MS/MS proteomics, affinity proteomics, transcriptomics, etc.). In the present study, using a B-cell lymphoma cell line as a model, comprehensive integration of RNA-Seq transcriptomics, MS/MS, and antibody-based affinity proteomics (combined with size-exclusion chromatography) (SEC-MAP) were performed to uncover correlations that could provide insights into protein dynamics at the intracellular level. Here, 5672 unique proteins were systematically identified by MS/MS analysis and subcellular protein extraction strategies (neXtProt release 2020-21, MS/MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD003939). Moreover, RNA deep sequencing analysis of this lymphoma B-cell line identified 19,518 expressed genes and 5707 protein coding genes (mapped to neXtProt). Among these data sets, 162 relevant proteins (targeted by 206 antibodies) were systematically analyzed by the SEC-MAP approach, providing information about PTMs, isoforms, protein complexes, and subcellular localization. Finally, a bioinformatic pipeline has been designed and developed for orthogonal integration of these high-content proteomics and transcriptomics datasets, which might be useful for comprehensive and global characterization of intracellular protein profiles.
The history of the data economy: Part IV: The future

Data is now the fuel that drives business – identifying potential markets, shaping new products and targeting consumers. This year, Significance has partnered with Impact, the magazine of the Market Research Society, to jointly publish a series exploring the past, present and future of the data economy. In this fourth and final part, Timandra Harkness considers what the coming years have in store for the data‐driven industries
Identifying the process of entrepreneurial sense making: a Grounded Theory Approach

In the field of entrepreneurship, sense making is of grave importance in explaining entrepreneurial opportunity enactment and venture creations as well as entrepreneurial decisions. Sense making enables entrepreneurs to identify salient elements of the environment, giving them meaningful labels and enacting their own environment. On the other hand, not only could sense making shed more light on effectuation as an important theory of entrepreneurial behavior, but also it could provide entrepreneurs with useful tools to detect various environmental signals and thus enabling them to compete better and discover more lucrative opportunities. The process of entrepreneurial sense making has remained more or less a black box and few aspects of it have become known. Various scholars have emphasized the importance of narratives, metaphors and stories in the process of entrepreneurial sense making and the result of this process has mainly been introduced as justification of the entrepreneurs’ ideas and decisions in the process of business. According to Weick, the process of sense making begins when something unexpected happens and the person needs to look back to bracket and select known cues and signs in order to give meanings to the situation, thus, one could suppose that the process of entrepreneurial sense making is based on signals that he or she detects and retrospection to give meanings to these signals. In this paper we have tried to shed lights on the process of entrepreneurial sense making process by conducting a qualitative research method and interviewing 21 entrepreneurs. According to our results, the process of entrepreneurial sense making consists of events, retrospection, theorizing, enactment and identity formation.
Selection of Input Variables for the Prediction of Wind Speed in Wind Farms Based on Genetic Algorithm

Wind power generation is increasing very rapidly all around the world. The available wind energy depends on the wind speed, which is a random variable and depends on the location and weather conditions. For the wind-farm operator, this uncertainty creates difficulty in the system scheduling and energy dispatching. Due to this there is a need for predicting the wind speed, i.e., power in advance. The first consideration in predictive wind speed is the selection of appropriate input variables. Many variables are available for wind speed prediction, and some of them cannot be omitted without a significant loss of information. The collection of field data, on the other hand, is both time-consuming and expensive. This becomes more complex and costly as the number of variable's increases. Due to this, rigorous methods are needed to detect which variables are essential and important and, which are not. Appropriate selection of input variables is not only important for modeling objectives as such, but also to ensure reliable decision-support in unit commitment and energy policy-making. In this paper, application of genetic algorithms is explored to automatically select the relevant input variables for Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The applied database consisted of 12 different variables, which are measured from Jaipur (Rajasthan). The measured variables are a combination of temperature, wind and atmospheric. The genetic algorithm selects different combinations of input variables and applies them to back-propagation ANN network for wind speed prediction. The ANN predicts the wind speed using the selected variable set and then the various combinations are compared based on their predictive power. With this technique, the number of input variables could be reduced from 13 to 8. In addition, the prediction success increases by the maximum 5 percent. The data requirement, calculation time, memory requirement, complexity of the ANN, cost of measuring equipments, etc. reduces due to removal of irrelevant data from the process.
Characterizing the hygroscopicty of growing particles in the Canadian Arctic summer

Abstract. The impact of aerosols on clouds is a well-studied, although still poorly constrained, part of the atmospheric system. New particle formation (NPF) is thought to contribute 40–80 % of the global cloud droplet number concentration, although it is extremely difficult to observe an air mass from NPF to cloud formation. NPF and growth occurs frequently in the Canadian Arctic summer atmosphere, although only a few studies have characterized the source and properties of these aerosols. This study presents cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations measured on board the CCGS Amundsen in the eastern Canadian Arctic Archipelago from 23 July to 23 August 2016 as part of the Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments (NETCARE). The study was dominated by frequent ultrafine particle and/or growth events, and particles smaller than 100 nm dominated the size distribution for 92 % of the study period. Using κ-Kohler theory and aerosol size distributions, the mean hygroscopicity parameter (κ) calculated for the entire study was 0.12 (0.06–0.12, 25th–75th percentile), suggesting that the condensable vapours that led to particle growth were primarily non-hygroscopic, which we infer to be organic. Based on past measurement and modelling studies from NETCARE and the Canadian Arctic, it seems likely that the source of these non-hygroscopic, organic, vapours is the ocean. Examining specific growth events suggests that the mode diameter (Dmax) had to exceed 40 nm before CCN concentrations at 0.99 % SS started to increase, although a statistical analysis shows that CCN concentrations increased 13–274 cm−3 during all ultrafine particle and/or growth times (total particle concentrations > 500 cm−3, Dmax < 100 nm) compared to Background times (total concentrations < 500 cm−3) at SS of 0.26–0.99 %. This value increased to 25–425 cm−3 if the growth times were limited to times when Dmax was also larger than 40 nm. These results support past results from NETCARE by showing that the frequently observed ultrafine particle and growth events are dominated by a highly non-hygroscopic fraction, which we interpret to be organic vapours originating from the ocean, and that these growing particles can increase the background CCN concentrations at SS as low as 0.26 %, thus pointing to their potential contribution to cloud properties and thus climate through the radiation balance.
Design Of Optimal Pid Controller Using Genetic Algorithm

One of the most important problems today is robotics and its control. Due to the vast Application of inverted pendulum in robots. In this paper, by using a combination of ''GA'' Algorithms, we have tried to optimally control the inverted pendulum by nonlinear equations. The result of this simulation has been mentioned in the conclusion. It seems that the results be acceptable results.
Additional seismic inelastic deformation caused by structural asymmetry

Using a single mass monosymmetric model, this paper examines the additional seismic inelastic deformations and displacement caused by structural asymmetry of the model. Stiffness eccentricity and resistance eccentricity are used as measures of asymmetry in the elastic and inelastic range respectively. Seven ways of specifying strength distribution among resisting elements are considered, including code provisions from Canada, Mexico, New Zealand and the United States. These specifications are related t o the model resistance eccentricity. It is shown that when torsional shears are included in the strength design of the elements, the structure in general will have small resistance eccentricity, even if it has large stiffness eccentricity in the elastic range. For structures which are designed with allowance for torsional shears, the ductility demands on the elements are similar to those when the structure is symmetrical. However, the edge displacements can be up to three times that if the system is symmetrical. This finding has significant implications in evaluating adequate separation between buildings to avoid the pounding problem during earthquakes.
Global supplier selection: a fuzzy-AHP approach

Global supplier selection has a critical effect on the competitiveness of the entire supply chain network. Research results indicate that the supplier selection process appears to be the most significant variable in deciding the success of the supply chain. It helps in achieving high quality products at lower cost with higher customer satisfaction. Apart from the common criteria such as cost and quality, this paper also discusses some of the important decision variables which can play a critical role in case of the international sourcing. The importance of the political-economic situation, geographical location, infrastructure, financial background, performance history, risk factors, etc., have also been pointed out in particularly in the case of global supplier selection. Supplier selection problem related to the global sourcing is more complex than the general domestic sourcing and as a result it needs more critical analysis, which could not be found properly in past available literatures. This paper discusses the fuzzy based Analytic Hierarchy Process (fuzzy-AHP) to efficiently tackle both quantitative and qualitative decision factors involved in selection of global supplier in current business scenario. The fuzzy-AHP is an efficient tool to tackle the fuzziness of the data involved in deciding the preferences of the different decision variables involved in the process of global supplier selection. The triangular fuzzy numbers are used to transform the linguistic comparison of the different decision criteria, sub-criteria and performance of the alternative suppliers. The pairwise comparison matrices help in deciding the synthetic extent value of each comparison and finally, the priority weights of one alternative over another are decided in this paper. An example from a manufacturing industry searching for the global supplier for a critical component is used to demonstrate the effective implementation procedure of proposed fuzzy-AHP technique. The proposed model can provide the guidelines and directions for the decision makers to effectively select their global suppliers in the current competitive business scenario.
DESIGN ASPECTS OF COMMERCIAL OPEN-LOOP HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

Open loop (or groundwater heat pump systems are the oldest of the ground-source systems. Common design variations include direct (groundwater used directly in the heat pump units), indirect (building loop isolated with a plate heat exchanger), and standing column (water produced and returned to the same well). Direct systems are typically limited to the smallest applications. Standing column systems are employed in hard rock geology sites where it is not possible to produce sufficient water for a conventional system. Due to its greater potential application, this paper reviews key design aspects of the indirect approach. The general design procedure is reviewed, identification of optimum groundwater flow, heat exchanger selection guidelines, well pump control, disposal options, well spacing, piping connections and related issues.
Historical Comparison of Sovereignty in International Law

The current article aims to study on the concept of sovereignty in international law. To this end, sovereignty is historically examined and compared in different legal doctrines. In fact, there is a verity of legal theories on the formulation and conceptualization of sovereignty. The dominant perspective of the contemporary legal doctrines sees sovereignty as wornout and outdated concept which belongs to classical legal doctrines. This article argues such accounts and shows how the concept of sovereignty survived through historically legal developments and has still been influential in the sphere of international law. Although the main legal events comprising Westphalian truce, world wars, the foundation of United Nation organization and so on have changed the nature and content of sovereignty in the history of international law, it has remained as a fundamental principle of international law. The lack of correct understanding of this concept can reinforce the obstacles for legal modeling and doctrines. So, through such a historical comparison, the research elaborates the reconceptualization process in the concept of sovereignty and elucidates how sovereignty means in the contemporary international law and how this concept defined by the modern legal doctrine influences international law and globally affects the legal order among states. Discussing the different legal doctrines on the concept of sovereignty in different historical periods, the article reveals the present considerations on sovereignty in contemporary international law.