Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Surface measurements of upper tropospheric water vapor isotopic composition on the Chajnantor Plateau, Chile

Simultaneous, real‐time measurements of atmospheric water vapor mixing ratio and isotopic composition (δD and δ18O) were obtained using cavity ringdown spectroscopy on the arid Chajnantor Plateau in the subtropical Chilean Andes (elevation 5080 m or 550 hPa; latitude 23°S) during July and August 2010. The measurements show surface water vapor mixing ratio as low as 215 ppmv, δD values as low as −540‰, and δ18O values as low as −68‰, which are the lowest atmospheric water vapor δ values reported from Earth's surface. The results are consistent with previous measurements from the base of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and suggest large‐scale subsidence of air masses from the upper troposphere to the Earth's surface. The range of measurements is consistent with condensation under conditions of ice supersaturation and mixing with moister air from the lower troposphere that has been processed through shallow convection. Diagnostics using reanalysis data show that the extreme aridity of the Chajnantor Plateau is controlled by condensation in the upper tropical troposphere.
Biodiesel Resources Assessment and Production Capacity Evaluation from Salicornia Plant in Golestan Province, Northeast Iran

The biofuel products from halophyte plants are valuable due to their high oil content and growth on non-productive, salt-affected lands. The northern part of Golestan province has high potential for biofuel production from salt-tolerant plants such as Salicornia Bigelovii (oilseed halophyte) due to its water and soil properties. In this paper, the suitable locations for growing of Salicornia plant in Golestan province were defined based on environmental suitability analysis. By this analysis the suitable area for cultivation and total amount of producible biodiesel were evaluated. In this regard, the principal parameters were defined then the suitable areas were specified by spatial superposition of these layers, using Geographical Information System (GIS). Index Overlay model was applied for maps combination in environmental suitability analysis. The results demonstrate that the most suitable lands for growing Salicornia are located in the north-west part of Golestan province with an area of 2365 Km 2 corresponding to around %12 of total study area. Total amount of producible biodiesel of this area is estimated to 201.143 million liters per year.
Epeirogenic Plate Movements

Consideration is given to the kinematics of epeirogenic movements over the recent geologic past (late Pleistocene) in a region for which there is an abundance of geological and geophysical information-the continental shelf off the East Coast of North America. It is found that there has been a relative change in elevation of 140 m downward toward the northeast over this longitudinal distance of 3000 km during the past 18,000 years. Specifically, Miami has been elevated at a rate of 0.8 cm/yr with respect to the Scotian shelf continental margin. The confirming data include the shelf break corrected for progradation, reef building, and glacio-isostatic adjustment; late Pleistocene shores on the continental shelf; earlier Pleistocene unconformity surfaces; dated geologic samples of known shallow water origin; buried Pleistocene channels; and recent leveling analysis.
Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis): Acoustic behaviour and ambient noise

iii Acknowledgements v Table of contents viii List of tables x List of figures xi List of abbreviations xiv CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 16 1.1 Vocal communication 16 1.2 Sound in the marine environment 17 1.3 The impact of sound 18 1.4 Right whales 19 1.5 Southern right whales in New Zealand 21 1.6 Sounds made by right whales 25 1.7 Thesis overview 26 CHAPTER 2 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ACOUSTIC REPERTOIRE OF SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES 29 2.
Respiration in the dark ocean

The dark ocean, the waters below 200 m depth, comprises about 95% of the volume of the ocean, but its contribution to the metabolism of the ocean is poorly quantified. Here we show that the respiration rate of microplankton declines exponentially at a rate of 0.53 km−1 in the dark ocean, and is enhanced at the interface between the mesopelagic and the abyssal layers (1,000–2,000 m). The respiratory CO2 production in the dark ocean, estimated at 20 to 33.3 Gt C yr−1, renders it a major component of the carbon flux in the biosphere.
Three-dimensional studies of the 1991/1992 northern hemisphere winter using domain-filling trajectories with chemistry

We describe a new and computationally efficient technique for global three-dimensional modeling of stratospheric chemistry. This technique involves integrating a photochemical package along a large number of independent trajectories to produce a Lagrangian view of the atmosphere. Although Lagrangian chemical modeling with trajectories is an established procedure, this extension of integrating chemistry along a large number of domain-filling trajectories is a novel technique. This technique is complementary to three-dimensional Eulerian chemical transport modeling and avoids spurious mixing caused by low resolutions or diffusive transport schemes in these models. We illustrate the technique by studying the chlorine activation in the Arctic winter lower stratosphere. A photochemical model was integrated along large ensembles of calculated trajectories between 20 and 100 mbar for the 1991/1992 winter in order to produce a three-dimensional chemical picture. Large amounts of chlorine was activated at low altitudes (80 to 100 mbar) as well as altitudes near 50 mbar. This activated air was well contained at all levels, with little indication of mixing into lower latitudes. Model results for early January 1992 were compared to daily Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ClO observations at 465 K. The structure and evolution of the activated chlorine was well reproduced, giving faith in the technique, although absolute modeled ClO amounts were smaller than the MLS data. A larger number of domain-filling isentropic trajectories were also run at 475 K to produce a higher-resolution picture of vortex evolution in late January 1992. The model successfully reproduced the wave breaking events which characterized this period causing transport of activated air to lower latitudes.
Water content dynamics in a volcanic ash soil slope in southern Chile

Andisols present exceptional physical properties, making up 24%), however, during summer they can reach volumetric water contents near to the permanent wilting point quickly at a depth of 5 cm. The water table altitude was directly related to the temporal changes of q Field measured at a depth of 50 cm, highlighting the fact that the saturated and unsaturated zones are connected.
Design, Manufacture, and Experimental Verification of Contactless Power Supply Coupler for Rotary Wireless Sensor Node of Water-Lubricated Bearing

The accurate measurement of film pressure distribution in water-lubricated bearings (WLBs) is crucial as it offers insights into bearing traits, like bearing capacity and the lubrication status. The prevailing testing method involves drilling holes into the shaft to redirect water, and incorporating pressure sensors. These sensors communicate their signals via a wireless sensor node (WSN). However, traditional power supply methods for the WSN—namely, battery power, slip ring conduction, and self-power—do not provide the continuity, safety, and stability needed under rotational conditions. To overcome this, our study proposes a contactless power supply method for the film pressure WSN that can provide stable and continuous power under rotating conditions, and avoid safety risks posed by friction and wear of the slip ring. Next, we designed and produced a magnetic coupler which underwent static and dynamic tests on an actual WLBs test bench. The test results revealed that the coupler can generate 13.429 W power with a 5 mm air gap following a series-parallel (SP) compensation, reaching an efficiency of 88.64%. This surpasses the efficiency rates reported in recent studies. Additionally, the system’s voltage fluctuation on the actual test bench is a mere 0.55% within the range of 50–500 rpm, which demonstrates excellent stability. While this system is primarily engineered for the film pressure WSN, it may also be applicable to other rotating equipment, thereby broadening its practical use scope.
Charting Caribbean Development

Introduction - the rise and fall of Caribbean development Dr Eric Williams and the National Development State in Trinidad and Tobago the "Democratic Socialist" experiment of Michael Manley in Jamaica the Grenadian revolution liberal economics vs. electoral politics in Seaga's Jamaica open dependent development in the eastern Caribbean from boom to bust to buoyancy in Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean regional integration Europe and the Caribbean North America and the Caribbean the international political economy of Caribbean bananas.
GenPIP: In-Memory Acceleration of Genome Analysis via Tight Integration of Basecalling and Read Mapping

Nanopore sequencing is a widely-used high-throughput genome sequencing technology that can sequence long fragments of a genome into raw electrical signals at low cost. Nanopore sequencing requires two computationally-costly processing steps for accurate downstream genome analysis. The first step, basecalling, translates the raw electrical signals into nucleotide bases (i.e., A, C, G, T). The second step, read mapping, finds the correct location of a read in a reference genome. In existing genome analysis pipelines, basecalling and read mapping are executed separately. We observe in this work that such separate execution of the two most time-consuming steps inherently leads to ❨1❩ significant data movement and ❨2❩ redundant computations on the data, slowing down the genome analysis pipeline. This paper proposes GenPIP, an in-memory genome analysis accelerator that tightly integrates basecalling and read mapping. GenPIP improves the petformance of the genome analysis pipeline with two key mechanisms: ❨1❩ in-memory fine-grained collaborative execution of the major genome analysis steps in parallel}; ❨2❩ a new technique for early-rejection of low-quality and unmapped reads to timely stop the execution of genome analysis for such reads, reducing inefficient computation. Our experiments show that, for the execution of the genome analysis pipeline, GenPIP provides 41.6$\times$ (8.4$\times$) speedup and 32.8$\times$ (20.8$\times$) energy savings with negligible accuracy loss compared to the state-of-the-art software genome analysis tools executed on a state-of-the-art CPU (GPU). Compared to a design that combines state-of-the-art in-memory basecalling and read mapping accelerators, GenPIP provides 1.39$\times$ speedup and 1.37$\times$ energy savings.
A two‐layer model to simulate variations in surface water chemistry draining a northern forest watershed

Seasonal patterns are evident in surface water chemistry draining forested headwaters in the northeastern United States. This variation in surface water chemistry is largely driven by seasonal fluctuations in hydrologic flow paths and biological activity. Especially during spring snowmelt, high‐flow conditions are characterized by high concentrations of NO3‒, naturally occurring organic anions and aluminum species, and depression in surface water pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). Under extreme conditions, decreases in pH and ANC and increases in aluminum can have adverse effects on aquatic biota. As a result, there is a critical need to be able to simulate seasonal variations in surface water acid‐base chemistry. Previously, a single soil layer biogeochemical model (PnET‐BGC) was found to be inadequate to simulate seasonal variations in stream chemistry draining acid‐sensitive forest watersheds. In order to better simulate the seasonal variations in the acid‐base chemistry of surface waters, a two‐layer model (PnET‐BGC2) was formulated and applied to a northern forest ecosystem. End‐member mixing analysis was used to better understand hydrologic flow paths contributing to temporal patterns in stream chemistry and to parameterize the model. The resulting two‐layer model is generally able to reproduce the seasonal variations in surface water runoff, concentrations of base cations, SO42‒, NO3‒, pH, and ANC.
Economic Impact : Differing Viewpoints

One reason antimicrobial-drug resistance has recently become a concern is its economic impact. The Institute of Medicine estimates the annual cost of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria to be U.S.$4 to $5 million (1). However, methods for measuring economic impact of resistance are in their infancy, and the studies leave many questions unanswered (2). In this review, I examine perspectives from which economic impact of resistance is important, assess available data about economic methods used for evaluating economic effect, and suggest issues important for these assessments, as well as approaches for further study.
Testing for Contribution of TFP, ICT and Non-ICT Capital Deepening onto Economic Growth in Developed Countries

In this paper, we try to understand why the distribution of income per worker across a sample of developed countries have changed so dramatically during 1980-1995. Specifically, we adapt a statistical test for equality of densities for investigating significance of contribution of various sources, suggested by growth accounting method, onto the change in the income per worker distribution across the 15 developed countries. Considering three sources of growth in income per worker—(i) change in ICT-capital per unit of labor , (ii) change in Non-ICT-capital per unit of labor , and (iii) change in TFP —we find that none of these sources alone, but only if coupled with another source, was significant in changing the income per worker distribution in our sample.
Remains of an Eocene skink from Queensland

Examination of fossil vertebrate material collected by Andrew Rozefelds in 1985 from the Rundle Formation, Rockhampton, central eastern Queensland has revealed a single left femur of a small lizard with affinities to modern scincomorphans. The Rundle Formation is characterised by oil shales, lacustrine shales, impure limestones, conglomerates and thin bedded argillaceous sandstones and has been dated as mid to late Eocene by Henstridge & Missen (1982) on the basis of ostracods and microflora. Fossil reptiles and fish have been reported from the Brick Kiln Seam, within the Rundle Formation by Foster (1979). The Rundle Formation is interpreted by Henstridge & Missen (1982) as a lagoonal mud fiat accumulation. Hills (1943) was the first to report on the crocodilian and fish remains from the formation. Stanisic (1994, p. 241) reported a new land snail from the formation and interpreted it 's presence as 'drift material which has been washed into the lagoon from surrounding areas'. The presence of a non-aquatic reptile could also be considered drift material. This record, and an undescribed scincomorphan from Murgon, are the earliest record of lacertilians in Australia. A prolacertiform, Kadimakara australiensis Batholomai, 1979 is known from the Permo-Triassic, but it's affinities to the Lacertilia are unclear. The presence of a scincomorphan in Australia during the early Tertiary is not surprising because the group has a global distribution (Hutchinson & Donnellan 1993). Terminology in the description follows Romer (1956) and the fossil is deposited in the Queensland Museum. QMF14169 was collected from the Rundle Colliery, which is derived from the Rundle Formation, Narrows Graben. The fossil is a small slender left femur. Length is 10.2 mm; width between proximal articulation and the internal trochanter is 2.09 mm; width between the anterior and posterior condyles is 2.01 mm. Both ends of the femur have lost their cartilaginous articular ends. The proximal articulation has a distinct diamond-like shape with a medial constriction between the proximal articulation and the internal trochanter. Proximal articulation three times the size of internal trochanter. The intertrochanteric fossa is shallow and is bordered by mgosities on the dorsal ridge. A small muscle scar is present just beneath the internal trochanter on the antero-ventral side. This is probably from the insertion of the tendon of the candifemoralis muscle. Lateral to the muscle scar there is an insertion foramen for the pubioischiofemoralis insertus. The internal trochanter is small, ovoid-triangular and distal to the proximal articulation. Small nutrient foramina are present half-way down the shaft. The
Chitosan-Based Nanogels Designed for Betanin-Rich Beetroot Extract Transport: Physicochemical and Biological Aspects

Nanotechnology has emerged as a possible solution to improve phytochemicals’ limitations. The objective of the present study was to encapsulate beetroot extract (BR Ext) within a chitosan (CS)-based nanogel (NG) designed via ionic crosslinking with tripolyphosphate (TPP) for betanin (Bet) delivery, mainly in the ophthalmic environment. BR Ext is rich in betanin (Bet) according to thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, and HPLC analysis. NG presented a monodisperse profile with a size of 166 ± 6 nm and low polydispersity (0.30 ± 0.03). ζ potential (ζ-Pot) of +28 ± 1 is indicative of a colloidally stable system. BR Ext encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 45 ± 3%. TEM, with the respective 3D-surface plots and AFM, showed spherical–elliptical-shaped NG. The BR Ext release profile was biphasic with a burst release followed by slow and sustained phase over 12 h. Mucoadhesion assay demonstrated interactions between NG with mucin. Moreover, NG provided photoprotection and pH stability to BR Ext. FRAP and ABTS assays confirmed that BR Ext maintained antioxidant activity into NG. Furthermore, in vitro assays using human retinal cells displayed absence of cytotoxicity as well as an efficient protection against injury agents (LPS and H2O2). NGs are a promising platform for BR Ext encapsulation, exerting controlled release for ophthalmological use.
Registro paleoambiental del estadio isotópico 2 en la plataforma continental exterior del sureste Bonaerense: un nuevo aporte a la evolución regional

Paleoenvironmental record of the Marine Isotope Stage 2 in the South-bonaerensian outer continental shelf, Argentina: a new contribution to the regional evolution A core obtained at 100 m water depth in the outer shelf of southeastern Buenos Aires is described. It contains a sedimentary sequence in transgressive facies that records for the first time in the region the evolution of barriers-coastal lagoon environ ments during the last part of Marine Isotope Stage 2 with an age ca. 15 ka cal AP.
Examining the impact of education on the acquisition of map and globe reading and interpretation skills in terms of gender

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of map and globe education on map and globe reading and interpretation skills of children who attend preschool education in terms of gender. A quasi-experimental model with pre-test/post-test control group was employed in the study. The study group of the research consisted of a total of 56 children in kindergarten, 28 of whom were in the experimental group (16 girls, 12 boys) and 28 in the control group (14 girls, 14 boys). The data were collected by using the “Map and Globe Reading and Interpretation Skills Assessment Test for Children Aged Five”. In the analysis of the data, the t-test for independent groups was used to determine the mean scores for gender between the experimental and control groups, and the t-test for dependent groups was used to compare the mean scores of the experimental and control groups regarding gender. It has been found as a result of the research that the implementation of map and globe education program contributed positively to the map and globe reading and interpretation skills of both girls and boys in the experimental group.
RESUCITACIÓN CARDIOPULMONAR Y CEREBRAL EN LA EMBARAZADA. AL FINAL DEL COLAPSO MATERNO

Objective: To provide healthcare professionals involved in the management of complications in pregnancy (including obstetricians, nurses, general and emergency practitioners, anaesthetists, critical care physicians) with the fundamental principles for the prevention and management of cardiopulmonary arrest in this population group in order to improve outcomes for both the mother and the newborn.Materials and methods: A search was conducted in the Medline, SciELO and Embase databases using the terms "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Pregnancy, Perimortem Caesarean, Maternal Cardiac Arrest, Cardiac arrest in pregnancy", restricted to the following types of publications: "Meta-analysis, Systematic Reviews, Practice Guideline, Randomized Controlled Trial, Review, Case Report, Chapter, Editorial, Survey". Results: Of 78 titles found overall, 63 were included. Of these, 22 were narrative reviews, 20 case reports and case series, 8 practice guidelines, 5 clinical trials, 4 editorials, 2 systematic reviews or meta-analyses, 1 book chapter and 1 survey. Conclusions: Cardiac arrest in pregnant women poses a challenge to the interdisciplinary team managing the case because it may be associated with a high degree of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The main steps required are: obstetric blue code activation with appropriate response for performing timely emergent hysterotomy; good-quality chest compressions; manual uterine displacement 15o to the left when the pregnant uterus is palpated above the maternal umbilicus; advanced pharmacological and airway management; and optimal care after resuscitation for both the mother and the neonate.