Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Extrapyramidal Side Effects with Chronic Atypical Antipsychotic Can Be Predicted by Labeling Pattern of FosB and phosphoThr34-DARPP-32 in Nucleus Accumbens

Extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) can be induced by neuroleptics that regulate the expression of transcription factor FosB and dopaminergic mediator DARPP-32 in the striatum. However, the long-term neurobiological changes in striatal projection neurons resulting from a cumulative dosage of typical and atypical antipsychotics are poorly understood. The present study aimed to determine the differential and long-lasting changes in FosB distribution and DARPP-32 phosphorylation in the striatum and nucleus accumbens (NAc) associated with chronic antipsychotic-induced EPS. Male C57Bl/6J mice received daily injections of Olanzapine (Olz, 15 mg/kg), Clozapine (Clz, 20 mg/kg), or Haloperidol (Hal, 1 mg/kg), for a period of 11 weeks with a 4-day withdrawal period before the last dosage. Catalepsy for detection of EPS, along with open-field and rotarod tests, were assessed as behavioral correlates of motor responses. Additionally, FosB and phosphorylated-DARPP-32 immunohistochemistry were examined in striatal regions after treatment. All antipsychotics produced catalepsy and reduced open-field exploration, such as impaired rota-rod performance after Olz and Hal. The washout period was critical for Clz-induced side effects reduction. Both Olz and Clz increased FosB in NAc Shell-region, and phosphoThr34-DARPP-32 in NAc. Only Clz reduced phosphoThr75-DARPP-32 in the dorsal striatum and showed FosB/phosphoThr34-Darpp-32-ir in the NAc Core region. This study provides evidence that atypical antipsychotics such as Olz and Clz also give rise to EPS effects frequently associated with a cumulative dosage of typical neuroleptics such as Hal. Nevertheless, FosB/phosphoThr34-Darpp-32-ir in the NAc Core region is associated with hypokinetic movements inhibition.
Systemic inflammation early after kidney transplantation is associated with long-term graft loss: a cohort study

Background Early graft loss following kidney transplantation is mainly a result of acute rejection or surgical complications, while long-term kidney allograft loss is more complex. We examined the association between systemic inflammation early after kidney transplantation and long-term graft loss, as well as correlations between systemic inflammation scores and inflammatory findings in biopsies 6 weeks and 1 year after kidney transplantation. Methods We measured 21 inflammatory biomarkers 10 weeks after transplantation in 699 patients who were transplanted between 2009 and 2012 at Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway. Low-grade inflammation was assessed with predefined inflammation scores based on specific biomarkers: one overall inflammation score and five pathway-specific scores. Surveillance or indication biopsies were performed in all patients 6 weeks after transplantation. The scores were tested in Cox regression models. Results Median follow-up time was 9.1 years (interquartile range 7.6-10.7 years). During the study period, there were 84 (12.2%) death-censored graft losses. The overall inflammation score was associated with long-term kidney graft loss both when assessed as a continuous variable (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, P = 0.005) and as a categorical variable (4th quartile: hazard ratio 3.19, 95% CI 1.43-7.10, P = 0.005). In the pathway-specific analyses, fibrogenesis activity and vascular inflammation stood out. The vascular inflammation score was associated with inflammation in biopsies 6 weeks and 1 year after transplantation, while the fibrinogenesis score was associated with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Conclusion In conclusion, a systemic inflammatory environment early after kidney transplantation was associated with biopsy-confirmed kidney graft pathology and long-term kidney graft loss. The systemic vascular inflammation score correlated with inflammatory findings in biopsies 6 weeks and 1 year after transplantation.
Fecal Coliform Export From Four Coastal North Carolina Areas 1

Abstract: Fecal coliform (FC) bacteria in coastal waters impair the use of these waters for shellfish harvesting and recreation. This study was designed to quantify and compare FC levels and export in two coastal watersheds with different land uses. Continuous monitoring of rainfall and discharge at three sites in the Jumping Run Creek watershed and one site in the Pettiford Creek watershed were conducted during a 4.5‐year period. Primary land use in the drainage area of one of the three Jumping Run Creek sites is low density industrial, while the other two are residential. Land use in the Pettiford Creek watershed is managed national forest. Nonstorm or base‐flow grab and flow‐proportional storm‐event samples were collected and analyzed for turbidity, conductivity, suspended sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and FC. Geometric mean FC levels for the Jumping Run Creek monitoring sites ranged from 593 to 2,096 mpn/100 ml, while the mean level at the Pettiford Creek site was 191 mpn/100 ml. Levels of most other parameters were greater in storm discharge from the Jumping Run Creek sites as compared to Pettiford Creek indicating that pollutant export from a watershed increases with development. Statistical analysis of the monitoring data suggested that FC levels in stormwater samples consistently increased with storm rainfall, but were not consistently correlated with any other parameter, including total suspended solids. Multivariate analysis indicated that the weekly FC export for each of the four sites was lowest during the December‐February quarter. Export was highest during the spring and summer at the Jumping Run Creek sites, while for the Pettiford Creek site, FC export was highest during September‐November. The cause of the seasonal variability was unknown but was thought to be associated with human activity in the watersheds.
Depositional Environments of Subsurface Potomac Group in Southern Maryland

The Potomac Group of Cretaceous age in the Baltimore-Washington, D.C., area has been recognized for many years as a product of fluvial and paludal sedimentation. Only within the past decade, however, have subsurface data from groundwater investigations been sufficient for delineation of the fluvial-deltaic lithofacies characterizing the group in the subsurface. The location of Baltimore, near a landward bulge of the Baltimore Canyon trough, was the locus for fluvial sedimentation of braided or multistory sands during the time of Patuxent (Barremian) and Patapsco (Albian) deposition. Because of the thickness and permeability, those deposits give relatively high coefficients of transmissibility, between 25,000 and 75,000 gpd/ft. In the context of the classic delta form, the area is the braided upper floodplain lithofacies of a major axial river system. Southward, toward the Potomac River, there are lithofacies associated with a floodplain of meandering streams and a fringing swamp zone. Aquifers in those sediments have transmissibility values from less than 5,000 to 25,000 gpd/ft. The sand content decreases southward in both the Patuxent and Patapsco Formations. In the Anne Arundel and northern Prince Georges County area (upper floodplain zone) those formations commonly are more than 45 percent sand; in Charles County (fringing swamp zone) they are less than 25 percent sand. The color of the interbedded clay, which is predominantly ocherous in the north, becomes more gray or greenish gray toward the south. Because of the lack of core data, electric logs are used to distinguish between the deposits of braided and meandering streams. Ideally, the resistivity curve of a meandering-stream deposit shows a sharply defined base overlain by a fining-upward sequence. In contrast, the resistivity curve resulting from braided-stream deposits commonly has a massive profile and does not show a definite fining-upward sequence.
The Cytoprotective Role of Autophagy in Response to BRAF-Targeted Therapies

BRAF-targeted therapies are widely used for the treatment of melanoma patients with BRAF V600 mutations. Vemurafenib, dabrafenib as well as encorafenib have demonstrated substantial therapeutic activity; however, as is the case with other chemotherapeutic agents, the frequent development of resistance limits their efficacy. Autophagy is one tumor survival mechanism that could contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance, and multiple studies support an association between vemurafenib-induced and dabrafenib-induced autophagy and tumor cell survival. Clinical trials have also demonstrated a potential benefit from the inclusion of autophagy inhibition as an adjuvant therapy. This review of the scientific literature relating to the role of autophagy that is induced in response to BRAF-inhibitors supports the premise that autophagy targeting or modulation could be an effective adjuvant therapy.
Variations of surface air temperature and sea-ice extent in the western Antarctic Peninsula region

Abstract The western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region has experienced a statistically significant warming trend during the past half-century. In addition, a statistically significant anticorrelation between air temperatures and sea-ice extent, as determined from satellite passive-microwave data during the past two decades, has been observed for this region. Consistent with this strong coupling, sea-ice extent in the WAP area has trended down during this period of satellite observations. Further, much of the variability in both air temperature and sea ice in the WAP region has been shown to be influenced by contrasting maritime (warm, moist) and continental (cold, dry) climate regimes. As part of the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research program, the ecological influence of these trends and variability is being studied, and effects have already been demonstrated at all trophic levels. Here we extend earlier observations to include the past decade and focus on the annual cycles of air temperature and sea-ice extent for the past few years, with the aim of placing these recent observations within the context of changes seen in the longer-term records. The more recent years have seen an increasing maritime influence in the WAP region, with corresponding effects on the marine ecosystem.
Motor unit involvement of diaphragm and intercostal muscles in eupneatachypnea and bradypnea of young female sedentary adults

Purpose: The involvement of motor units duringtheir activities in primary and secondary musclesrapidly becomes prominent as a diagnostic tool forpathological conditions. But no research has beenpublished so far indicating the involvement of motorunits during physiological circumstances likeEupnea, Bradypnea, and Tachypnea. These findingswould help to determine the neuromuscularmechanism of respiratory mechanics inphysiological situations and to compare it withclinical conditions related to respiratory muscles.Aim of the study: The experimental findings wouldhelp to determine the neuromuscular mechanism ofrespiratory mechanics in physiological situationsand to compare it with clinical conditions related torespiratory muscles.Materials and methods: Thirty healthy sedentaryadult females participated in this investigation. TheTachypnea and Bradypnea were deliberatelyachieved by asking them to hyperventilate withshallow breaths and to hold their breath for a periodin a supine posture accordingly. The participation ofmotor units and force generated in the diaphragmand intercostal muscles were assessed by surfaceelectromyography (sEMG). Results: The motor unit activities for three varioussituations such as silent breathing reduced breathing,and fast breathing rates significantly vary with eachother in both the primary respiratory muscles(p<0.05). But there was insignificant variation inmotor unit discharges between Eupnea andbradypnea of both muscles.Conclusions: In supine posture during Tachypnea,the quick and enhanced expansion of the thoraciccavity requires more motor unit activation in thediaphragm and intercostal muscle thus suggestinghigher involvement. In Eupnea and Bradypneavirtually equal participation of both muscles wasdiscovered. The modest increase in intercostal motorunit discharge in bradypnea than Eupnea might beowing to the larger extension of the intercostalmuscle during bradypnea than the diaphragm does.
Using multimedia surrogate travel tools for better understanding local geography

Surrogate travel (or sometimes referred to as movie maps) is the term given to the use of interactive multimedia products that allow users to 'travel' through environments. They are built with a variety of multimedia products, but they have in common the goal to provide tools that allow buildings, towns, cities and natural environments to be appreciated and understood without actually 'being there'. This paper provides a brief background to surrogate travel and it gives, by way of background, a brief description of two key surrogate travel cartographically-related products - the Aspen Movie Map and the Domesday project. It also provides brief details of surrogate travel products developed by the author as proof-of-concept prototypes. Finally, the paper provides information about further developments of surrogate travel by the author.
Wideband Harmonic Backscattering Rectifier for Energy-Efficient Localization in Wireless Power Transfer Systems

This study proposes a wideband harmonic backscattering rectifier (HBR) for accurate localization of a device using a second harmonic signal. To backscatter the second harmonic signal with efficient rectification, the proposed transmission-line-based impedance control network (TICN) functions as a dc pass and fundamental frequency stop filter and classifies the dc and second harmonic signals generated from the diode. The TICN with a second harmonic matching network moved the input impedance observed in the dc load to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and matched it to the second harmonic load at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2f_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed HBR was fabricated with dimensions of 33 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 30 mm. The measured power conversion efficiency (PCE) was maintained over 50% within 2.3–2.9 GHz at 27.3 dBm of input power. A peak conversion gain (CG) of over −12 dB is measured within the wide frequency range. An antenna beam alignment experiment was performed to verify the feasibility of the HBR.
On the low‐frequency electrical polarization of bacterial cells in sands

We performed electrical measurements on sands flushed with bacterial suspensions of varying concentration. The first experiment was conducted with Shewanella putrefaciens (biomass 0–0.5 mg/L) and the second with Escherichia coli (biomass 0–42 mg/L). We measured a biomass‐dependent low‐frequency (10 Hz) polarization. At cell density <12 mg/L polarization decreased (up to 60 %) relative to before introduction of cells; the decrease was greater when the sand was artificially Fe‐coated to enhance the affinity of cells to the mineral surface. At cell density >12 mg/L polarization increased (up to 15%). We attribute the decrease in polarization at low cell density to alteration of the mineral‐fluid interface due to mineral‐cell interactions. The polarization enhancement at higher cell density is possibly a pore throat mechanism resulting from decreased ionic mobility and/or electron transfer due to cell accumulation in pores.
Home-based music therapy for persons with dementia and their spouses as primary caregivers

Music therapy has been found to be an effective intervention for persons with dementia (PWD) and their primary caregivers (PC), yet the implementation of musical strategies to improve daily care in the home environment requires further exploration. This study developed and examined a home-based music therapy (HBMT) work model that offers weekly joint music therapy sessions, and additional bi-weekly phone-counseling sessions with the PC. This was followed by an additional 12-week support period that included 3 therapy sessions and 3 phone counseling sessions once every other fortnight, so that the same type of session occurred at a frequency of once a month. Participants were five couples (PWD + spouse as PC) who live in their home. Findings based on the qualitative multiple case study research method showed the importance of the music therapist’s (MT) continuous support. The MT’s presence made it possible to address the needs of both spouses, separately and together, while maintaining the required balance. Moreover, the MT’s presence enabled better implementation of the musical strategies independently and this was maintained during the intervention and the support period.
Tectonic deformation in the Tyrrhenian: A novel statistical approach to infer the role of the Calabrian Arc complex

A thermomechanical model is used to analyze the strain pattern due to the Africa‐Eurasia convergence in the area that extends from the Calabrian Arc to the Alpine domain and the role that is played by the Calabrian Arc complex in controlling the northward propagation of the tectonic stress. After a preliminary analysis to eliminate GPS stations that are not representative of the main regional tectonic process, the predicted deformation is compared to that based on GPS observations by using a novel χ2 test in which both data and model uncertainties are taken into account. A large amount of the tectonic force (at least 75%) that is associated with the Africa‐Eurasia convergence is accommodated by the Calabrian Arc complex, which plays a crucial role in controlling the intraplate propagation of the stress in the south Tyrrhenian area. Furthermore, a strong lithosphere, which is characterized by a granite‐type upper crust, diabase‐type lower crust, and peridotite‐type lithosphere mantle, must pave the south Tyrrhenian; and a soft lithosphere, which is characterized by a granite‐type upper crust, granulite‐type lower crust, and peridotite‐type lithospheric mantle, must pave the surrounding area to reproduce the expected regional compression in the SE‐NW direction and extension in the perpendicular direction. Finally, the local deformation at high latitudes is not sensitive to variations in the boundary conditions along a limited portion of the Calabrian Arc.
Setting the scene for self-destruction: From sheet intrusions to the structural evolution of rifted stratovolcanoes

We investigate the processes of growth and consumption of rifted stratovolcanoes to better understand their morphostructural and geological evolution in relation to sheet intrusions. Field data collected from four rifted volcanoes, located in Italy and Chile, and representing structural end members, are integrated with scaled physical models and numerical three-dimensional (3D) modeling. Due to preferential along-rift magma pathways, volcanoes grow perpendicular to rift strike mostly by intrusions, and parallel to the rift mostly by effusions. These constructive processes are partially or fully balanced by destructive processes that occur both perpendicular to the rift and along the rift zone, and that are initiated by the sheet intrusions. Field data indicate that sheets and/or flank eruptions increase in number approaching the summit part of a cone. Since dyking within a volcano causes a magmatic driving overpressure and lateral displacement/deformation of the cone flank, this displacement is assumed to be greater where intrusions have the highest frequency. Lateral deformation can also lead to flank failure along a deep-seated slip surface. Symmetrical rifts may produce deep-seated collapses in opposing directions, while asymmetrical rifts can preferentially lead to destruction on the tectonically downthrown side. If the collapse depression is refilled by new volcanism, the cone attains a new critical height (and mass), setting the scene for renewed failure. This sequence inhibits the cone from widening normal to the rift zone. The field examples studied, plus analog and numerical modeling, also indicate that dyking within the rift zone destabilizes the volcano flanks along the rift: where dyke tip stresses approach the slope, surface landsliding might be induced. This in turn produces debuttressing above the dyke, favoring effusive eruptions and lavas flowing within the landslide depression. In this case a balance can occur between new lava outpourings and gravity mass removal, or the volcano can grow along the rift if the emitted magma volume is higher than the collapsed material. From a mechanical point of view, the different behavior of volcanic slopes, both parallel to and perpendicular to dyke strike, is a function of magma forces and the cumulative dyke-induced displacement. The combination of along-rift-strike landsliding and normal-to-rift deep-seated large-scale lateral collapse, characteristically produces in map view four main zones of “consumption” and “rebuilding” on the volcano. These alternate with four triangular sectors where the volcano slopes are relatively more stable. When volcanic activity ends, cone consumption is concentrated along the rift and is favored by fault slip or channeled erosion.
Microbial Exudates as Biostimulants: Role in Plant Growth Promotion and Stress Mitigation

Microbes hold immense potential, based on the fact that they are widely acknowledged for their role in mitigating the detrimental impacts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which were extensively employed during the Green Revolution era. The consequence of this extensive use has been the degradation of agricultural land, soil health and fertility deterioration, and a decline in crop quality. Despite the existence of environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives, microbial bioinoculants encounter numerous challenges in real-world agricultural settings. These challenges include harsh environmental conditions like unfavorable soil pH, temperature extremes, and nutrient imbalances, as well as stiff competition with native microbial species and host plant specificity. Moreover, obstacles spanning from large-scale production to commercialization persist. Therefore, substantial efforts are underway to identify superior solutions that can foster a sustainable and eco-conscious agricultural system. In this context, attention has shifted towards the utilization of cell-free microbial exudates as opposed to traditional microbial inoculants. Microbial exudates refer to the diverse array of cellular metabolites secreted by microbial cells. These metabolites enclose a wide range of chemical compounds, including sugars, organic acids, amino acids, peptides, siderophores, volatiles, and more. The composition and function of these compounds in exudates can vary considerably, depending on the specific microbial strains and prevailing environmental conditions. Remarkably, they possess the capability to modulate and influence various plant physiological processes, thereby inducing tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, these exudates facilitate plant growth and aid in the remediation of environmental pollutants such as chemicals and heavy metals in agroecosystems. Much like live microbes, when applied, these exudates actively participate in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere, engaging in continuous interactions with plants and plant-associated microbes. Consequently, they play a pivotal role in reshaping the microbiome. The biostimulant properties exhibited by these exudates position them as promising biological components for fostering cleaner and more sustainable agricultural systems.