Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of vortex rings in the spray from a swirl injector

The dynamics of vortex rings in the spray injected from a swirl injector is investigated both experimentally and numerically. An original three-dimensional (3D) simulation code is developed to analyze the two-phase flow consisting of liquid droplets and ambient air, in which the equations of motion of droplets and the dynamical equation for the ambient air flow are solved simultaneously accounting for secondary atomization of droplets. It is confirmed that the tip penetration obtained by the present numerical simulation agrees very well with the experimental results conducted by us. The formation of vortex rings and their role in the process of entrainment of ambient air are investigated numerically. It is found that many vortex rings are created successively in an earlier period, but only one vortex ring survives in the later period. The tip penetration increases in a power law with time in the earlier period and logarithmically in time in the later period. The difference in the time dependence of the tip penetration between the two periods is accounted for by the change in the structure of vortex rings being created or surviving. The translational velocity of the vortex ring, which solely survived in the later period, was estimated to decrease logarithmically in time before it collapses and disappears, and the maximum entrainment of ambient air into the spray core was identified as being located in the region near the sole vortex. Spectral analysis is performed to investigate the deformation of the sole vortex ring in the later period, which shows that the vortex-ring structure changes its form, having coarse or fine wavy deformation in turn repeatedly.
The Prevalence of Educational Neuromyths among Hungarian Pre-Service Teachers

Teachers with poor neuroliteracy fail to distinguish scientific evidence from neuromyths (NM), which might lead to the implementation of pseudoscientific educational methods. The prevalence of NM and general knowledge about the brain (GKAB) among in-service and pre-service teachers has been assessed in multiple countries, but no such study has been performed in Hungary. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the neuroliteracy of pre-service teachers, (2) compare the results with those of previous studies and (3) analyze the factors influencing neuroliteracy. Our sample included 822 pre-service teachers from 12 Hungarian universities. We developed a survey including 10 NM and 13 GKAB statements, adapted from a widely used questionnaire. The average rate of incorrect answers to NM was 56.9%, whereas the average rate of correct answers to GKAB was 70.9%. Male gender and frequency of using Facebook as the primary information source about neuroscience were the only predictors of NM acceptance. In comparison with other studies, the Hungarian pre-service teachers had the second highest endorsement of NM. The most prevalent NM were linked to motor functions, which might be related to the widespread use and promotion of motor therapies in Hungary.
A NEW ALGORITHM TO SOLVE PARAFAC-MODEL

PARAFAC is a three mode factor analytic method developed by R.A. Harshman and is useful for data analysis. The fundamental idea says $${x_{ijk}} \approx \sum\limits_s^S {a_{is}}{b_{js}}{c_{ks}}$$ where xijk is given by measurement for i=1, 2…,I, j=1, 2,…, J, k = 1, 2,…, K; aisbjs, and cks are unknown solutions for the s-th factor, s=1, 2,…, S. However the computer program of PARAFAC developed by Harshman seems to require great skill to understand how to handle it and select the optimal solution through many steps. Here a new fool-proof algorithm not to require any skill is presented.
Mathematical representation of the auroral oval

A curve fitting procedure for mathematically representing the auroral oval is described. It is shown that the Feldstein ovals and quiet auroral ovals of the night side in DMSP photographs can be approximated by an offset circle, plus a small (≲ 1° magnitude) Fourier component in corrected geomagnetic coordinates. Parameters are introduced, Θ and (θo, ϕo), that indicate the dynamic motion of the auroral oval size and center location, respectively. Using the parameter Θ, an analysis of several DMSP photographs shows a strong correlation between the southward interplanetary magnetic field (−Bz) and the size of the auroral oval.
Wpływ warunków środowiska na zmienność zawartości błonnika pokarmowego w ziarnie pszenicy ozimej

Celem badań było wykazanie wpływu genotypu i warunków środowiska, w tym lat uprawy na zmienność zawartości błonnika pokarmowego, wyliczonego metodą pośrednią z różnicy podstawowych składników ziarna. Materiał badawczy stanowiło ziarno 20 odmian i 4 linii pszenicy ozimej z Hodowli Roślin Strzelce z lat uprawy 2005–2007. W celu obliczenia zawartości błonnika pokarmowego w ziarnie oznaczono zawartość następujących składników: białka, popiołu, lipidów, skrobi oraz cukrów wolnych. Wyniki zawartości błonnika pokarmowego poddano analizie statystycznej. Wykazano, że zmienność zawartości błonnika pokarmowego w ciągu trzech lat uprawy oraz lepkość wodnych ekstraktów ziarna były zdeterminowane warunkami środowiska (45%) oraz interakcją genotypowo-środowiskową (30%). Szeroki zakres zmienności genotypowej dotyczącej błonnika pokarmowego umożliwia wskazanie odmian o dużej zawartości tego składnika i wykorzystanie ich do produkcji pieczywa pszennego, którego udział w strukturze spożycia pieczywa jest największy.
Hardware optimization for photonic time-delay reservoir computer dynamics

Reservoir computing (RC) is one kind of neuromorphic computing mainly applied to process sequential data such as time-dependent signals. In this paper, the bifurcation diagram of a photonic time-delay RC system is thoroughly studied, and a method of bifurcation dynamics guided hardware hyperparameter optimization is presented. The time-evolution equation expressed by the photonic hardware parameters is established while the intrinsic dynamics of the photonic RC system is quantitively studied. Bifurcation dynamics based hyperparameter optimization offers a simple yet effective approach in hardware setting optimization that aims to reduce the complexity and time in hardware adjustment. Three benchmark tasks, nonlinear channel equalization (NCE), nonlinear auto regressive moving average with 10th order time lag (NARMA10) and Santa Fe laser time-series prediction tasks are implemented on the photonic delay-line RC using bifurcation dynamics guided hardware optimization. The experimental results of these benchmark tasks achieved overall good agreement with the simulated bifurcation dynamics modeling results.
Understanding resilience: Investigating the relationship between risk factors, resilience, and psychological well-being

Adversity in life is rarely considered positive. Adverse events can increase stress levels and decrease psychological well-being. However, experience of overcoming hardship can be the start of developing psychological resilience in life. Resilience is known to help regulate negative emotions and provides protection to one’s psychological well-being. The current study focused on contributing to present literature by further investigating the role of resilience on mitigating the negative impact of stress on psychological well-being. In the current study, resilience is expected to positively influence the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being by negating the direct negative effect of stress on psychological well-being. Participants in the study included adults between 25- and 71-years-old in the U.S. recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). The survey included questions addressing demographic information, perceived stress, resilience, and psychological well-being. A mediation analysis was used to analyze the hypotheses. Results showed a partial mediation found between perceived stress and psychological well-being and this relation suggests that resilience plays a small role in negating the negative effects caused by stress.
On repeated measures analysis with misspecified covariance structure

In recent years various sophisticated methods have been developed for the analysis of repeated measures, or longitudinal data. The more traditional approach, based on a normal likelihood function, has been shown to be unsatisfactory, in the sense of yielding asymptotically biased estimates when the covariance structure is misspecified. More recent methodology, based on generalized linear models and quasi‐likelihood estimation, has gained widespread acceptance as ‘generalized estimating equations’. However, this also has theoretical problems. In this paper a suggestion is made for improving the asymptotic behaviour of estimators by using the older approach, implemented via Gaussian estimation. The resulting estimating equations include the quasi‐score function as one component, so the methodology proposed can be viewed as a combination of Gaussian estimation and generalized estimating equations which has a firmer asymptotic basis than either alone has.
Mathematics of Speculative Price

A variety of mathematical methods are applied to economists’ analyses of speculative pricing: general-equilibrium implicit equations akin to solutions for constrained-programming problems; difference equations perturbed by stochastic disturbances; the absolute Brownian motion of Bachelier of 1900, which anticipated and went beyond Einstein’us 1905 paper in deducing and analyzing the Fourier partial-differential equations of probability diffusion; the economic relative or geometric Brownian motion, in which the logarithms of ratios of successive prices are independently additive in the Wiener–Gauss manner, adduced to avoid the anomalies of Bachelier’s unlimited liability, and whose log-normal asymptotes lead to rational pricing functions for warrants and options which satisfy complicated boundary conditions; elucidation of the senses in which speculators’ anticipations cause price movements to be fair-game martingales; the theory of portfolio optimization in terms of maximizing expected total utility of al.
Numerical solution of initial-value problems in differential-algebraic equations

Preface 1. Introduction: why DAE's? Basic types of DAE's applications Overview 2. Theory of DAE's Iintroduction solvability and the index Linear constant coefficient DAE's Linear time varying DAE's Nonlinear systems 3. Multistep methods Introduction DBF convergence BDF methods, DAE's and stiff problems General linear multistep methods 4. One-step methods Introduction Linear constant coefficient systems Nonlinear index one systems Semi-Explicit Nonlinear Index Two systems Order reduction and stiffness Extrapolation Methods 5. Software and DAE's Introduction Algorithms and Strategies in Dassl Obtaining numerical solutions Solving higher index systems 6. Applications. Introduction Systems of rigid bodies Trajectory prescribed path control Electrical networks DAE's arising from the method of lines Bibliography 7. The DAE home page Introduction theoretical advances Numerical analysis advancements DAE software DASSL Supplementary bibliography Index.
A robust beamforming method via exploitation of centro-symmetry property

This paper exploits a so-called centro-symmetry property of the array response manifold to improve the beamforming performances, such as better robustness to signal-to-noise (SNR) change, smaller number of snapshots, signal mismatches, or calibration errors, etc. For a uniform linear array (ULA), the structure of correlation matrix of array output is Hermitian and Toeplitz. Based on this property, the presented method exploits the space-time averaging techniques to modify the array covariance matrix. The simulation results show that the beamforming performance of the proposed method can be improved, especially on the condition that SNR is low and the number of snapshot is not enough. (4 pages)
The Impact of Dropwindsonde Data from the THORPEX Pacific Area Regional Campaign and the NOAA Hurricane Field Program on Tropical Cyclone Forecasts in the Global Forecast System

AbstractFour aircraft released dropwindsondes in and around tropical cyclones in the west Pacific during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Area Regional Campaign (T-PARC) in 2008 and the Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR); multiple aircraft concurrently participated in similar missions in the Atlantic. Previous studies have treated each region separately and have focused on the tropical cyclones whose environments were sampled. The large number of missions and tropical cyclones in both regions, and additional tropical cyclones in the east Pacific and Indian Oceans, allows for the global impact of these observations on tropical cyclone track forecasts to be studied.The study shows that there are unintended global consequences to local changes in initial conditions, in this case due to the assimilation of dropwindsonde data in tropical cyclone environments. These global impacts are mainly due to the spectral nature.
On the effects of the Hadley circulation and westerly equatorial flow on planetary‐wave reflection

The nonlinear behaviour of quasi‐stationary planetary waves that are excited by mid‐latitude orographic forcing is considered in a global shallow‐water model taken to represent the upper troposphere. The waves propagate toward low latitudes where the background flow is normally weak and the waves are therefore likely to break. Nonlinear pseudomomentum conservation relations are used to quantify the absorption‐reflection behaviour of the wave‐breaking region. Two different flow scenarios are represented: (i) initial states without a representation of the Hadley circulation, but where the axisymmetric equatorial background flow changes from being weak and easterly to moderate westerly; (ii) initial states that include a representation of the Hadley circulation and that have weak equatorial easterlies.
Social-Aware Graph-Based Collaborative Caching in Edge-User Networks

The soaring data traffic brings tremendous pressure on core networks. Collaborative caching among edge servers and user devices has been regarded as a promising technology for releasing backhaul pressure and reducing content download delay in the next-generation communication network. However, given the capacity constraint of edge servers and caching devices, a challenge is how to exploit these storage resources efficiently. In this paper, we introduce a three-tier collaborative caching architecture for edge-user networks and propose a social-aware graph-based collaborative caching (SGCC) strategy to minimize content download delay. Specifically, the small base station tier and user equipment tier are modeled as a one-tier directed graph. Moreover, we model the physical attributes and social attributes as the weight of the directed edges in the physical link graph and social graph, respectively. Then, we construct a social-aware graph by merging the two-tier topology of the physical link graph and social graph to simplify the caching decision. Further, we design SGCC to cache the most popular content according to the weighted content popularity. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SGCC can effectively reduce the average download delay and has a 26.8% lower average download delay, compared with the uniform popular caching baseline.
Discrete-time distributed consensus on multiplex networks

We introduce a discrete-time distributed consensus process on multi-layered complex networks represented by multiplex graphs. The proposed consensus process can be characterized with a multiplex Markov chain (MC) composed of a mixture of interlayer and intralayer MCs. The interlayer MC is characterized by a parameter which represents the probability that the chain will switch between different layers of the multiplex network. Surprisingly, for large regions of the parameter space the convergence speed of the multiplex MC is determined only by the convergence speed of the interlayer MC. Moreover, as the number of layers in the network is increased, these regions increase until they encompass the whole parameter space. We also show that for some regions of the parameter space, the multiplex MC has a faster convergence speed than the MCs on top of the individual layers, thus complementing previous results on diffusion on multiplex networks.
Geographic differences in Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) echolocation clicks

Understanding cetacean species' distributions and population structure over space and time is necessary for effective conservation and management. Geographic differences in acoustic signals may provide a line of evidence for population‐level discrimination in some cetacean species. We use acoustic recordings collected over broad spatial and temporal scales to investigate whether global variability in echolocation click peak frequency could elucidate population structure in Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris), a cryptic species well‐studied acoustically.
ADH Gene Cloning and Identification of Flooding-Responsive Genes in Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich

As a flooding-tolerant tree species, Taxodium distichum has been utilized in afforestation projects and proven to have important value in flooding areas. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which participates in ethanol fermentation, is essential for tolerance to the anaerobic conditions caused by flooding. In a comprehensive analysis of the ADH gene family in T. distichum, TdADHs were cloned on the basis of whole-genome sequencing, and then bioinformatic analysis, subcellular localization, and gene expression level analysis under flooding were conducted. The results show that the putative protein sequences of 15 cloned genes contained seven TdADHs and eight TdADH-like genes (one Class III ADH included) that were divided into five clades. All the sequences had an ADH_N domain, and except for TdADH-likeE2, all the other genes had an ADH_zinc_N domain. Moreover, the TdADHs in clades A, B, C, and D had a similar motif composition. Additionally, the number of TdADH amino acids ranged from 277 to 403, with an average of 370.13. Subcellular localization showed that, except for TdADH-likeD3, which was not expressed in the nucleus, the other genes were predominantly expressed in both the nucleus and cytosol. TdADH-likeC2 was significantly upregulated in all three organs (roots, stems, and leaves), and TdADHA3 was also highly upregulated under 24 h flooding treatment; the two genes might play key roles in ethanol fermentation and flooding tolerance. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of TdADHs and could provide a foundation for the molecular breeding of T. distichum and current research on the molecular mechanisms driving flooding tolerance.
Special features of conductivity of semi-intrinsic CdTe and CdZnTe single crystals used in X- and γ-ray detectors

The temperature dependences of the resistivity of detector-grade semi-insulating CdTe and Cd0.9Zn0. 1Te single crystals were investigated. The investigations have revealed that the thermal activation energy can be higher than Eg/2 at T → 0 K or considerably less than this value, although the Fermi level is located near the middle of the band gap. It is shown that such an "anomalous" behavior of the electrical characteristics is explained in detail by the features of the compensation of deep acceptor levels in the semiconductor band gap. A method based on the electroneutrality equation is proposed for the determination of the ionization energy and compensation degree of the impurity (defect), which is responsible for the conductivity of the material. The results extracted with the use of this method lead to the prediction that the inversion of the conductivity type of the semiconductor under certain conditions can occur as the temperature varies during operation of a Cd(Zn)Te-based device.
Biotechnology Advances in Bioremediation of Arsenic: A Review

Arsenic is a highly toxic metalloid widespread in the Earth's crust, and its contamination due to different anthropogenic activities (application of agrochemicals, mining, waste management) represents an emerging environmental issue. Therefore, different sustainable and effective remediation methods and approaches are needed to prevent and protect humans and other organisms from detrimental arsenic exposure. Among numerous arsenic remediation methods, those supported by using microbes as sorbents (microbial remediation), and/or plants as green factories (phytoremediation) are considered as cost-effective and environmentally-friendly bioremediation. In addition, recent advances in genetic modifications and biotechnology have been used to develop (i) more efficient transgenic microbes and plants that can (hyper)accumulate or detoxify arsenic, and (ii) novel organo-mineral materials for more efficient arsenic remediation. In this review, the most recent insights from arsenic bio-/phytoremediation are presented, and the most relevant physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in arsenic biological routes, which can be useful starting points in the creation of more arsenic-tolerant microbes and plants, as well as their symbiotic associations are discussed.
Contact discharges as a source of sub-nanosecond high voltage pulses

This paper describes a novel method for generating electrical transients. A small charged metal sphere coming into contact with the centre conductor of a coaxial transmission line is used to produce pulses with a risetime below 60 ps and amplitude of 500 V or more. The phenomenon is investigated experimentally to determine whether the gaseous medium in which the discharge takes place affects the pulse shape. Measurements in sulphur hexafluoride, argon and rough vacuum indicate that the breakdown mechanism is not a gas discharge, but the gas does affect the amplitude range, shape and variability of the current pulses. Results are interpreted in the light of previous investigations into arcs between electrodes separated by gaps of less than 100 µm, in which field emission of electrons from the cathode was recognized as the principal source of charge carriers. Potential applications for the contact discharge pulse generator are proposed and aspects of its operation that could be refined to reduce pulse shape variability are identified.
Steady-state vector spatial solitons in biased photorefractive–photovoltaic crystals

We show that self-coupled and cross-coupled vector beam evolution equations in properly oriented biased photorefractive–photovoltaic crystals can exhibit bright–bright and dark–dark soliton pair solutions under steady-state conditions. When the bulk photovoltaic effect is neglectable under short-circuit conditions, these vector solitons are self-coupled and cross-coupled vector solitons for screening solitons. When the external field is absent, these vector solitons predict self-coupled and cross-coupled vector solitons for photovoltaic solitons in open- and closed-circuit photorefractive–photovoltaic crystals. The stability properties of these vector pairs are also discussed in detail.
Dynamics Inside a Dual-Frequency Paul Trap in the Presence of Excess Micromotion

Dynamics inside a dual-frequency Paul trap is theoretically analyzed in the presence of excess micromotion on account of stray electric field and the field due to a mismatch of potential at the electrodes. The fields contributing to the excess micromotion have a strong influence on the kinetic energy of a single-charged particle, however, their influence is not profound when the collective dynamics of many charged particles is considered inside the trap. The collective dynamics is encapsulated by a distribution function whose time average is double-humped with respect to the velocity. The spatial variation of energy is asymmetrical. The temporal fluctuations of the energy are periodic with a period of variation depending upon the ratio of the two applied RF frequencies.