Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cysteines have a role in conformation of the UVR8 photoreceptor

SUMMARY The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor mediates plant responses to Ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) wavelengths. The UVR8 dimer dissociates into monomers following UV‐B photoreception, a process accompanied by conformational changes that facilitate interaction of UVR8 with proteins that initiate responses. However, the importance of particular amino acids in maintaining UVR8 conformation and modulating protein interactions is poorly understood. Here we examine the roles of cysteine amino acids C231 and C335 in UVR8 structure and function. UVR8C231S,C335S mutant protein forms dimers and monomerizes similarly to wild‐type UVR8. UVR8C231S,C335S interacts with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) in plants to initiate photomorphogenic responses to UV‐B, although the interaction is weaker when examined in yeast two‐hybrid assays. Similarly, the interaction of UVR8C231S,C335S with REPRESSOR OF UV‐B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS (RUP) proteins is weaker in both plants and yeast compared with wild‐type UVR8. Re‐dimerization of UVR8 in plants, which is mediated by RUP proteins, occurs with reduced efficiency in UVR8C231S,C335S. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis indicates that UVR8C231S,C335S has an altered conformation in plants, in that the N‐ and C‐termini appear closer together, which may explain the altered protein interactions.
Treatment Outcome for Adults in a Residential Program for Binge Eating Spectrum Disorders: Protocol for a Prospective Pragmatic Single-Arm Trial

Background Most studies reporting treatment outcomes for eating disorders at higher levels of care focus on anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. No studies have been published with a singular focus on examining treatment outcomes for adults receiving residential programming specifically designed for the treatment of binge eating spectrum disorders (BESD), including binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa. Objective The purpose of this paper is to outline the protocol of a prospective study examining treatment outcomes at discharge and 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month postdischarge follow-up, for a sample of consecutive admissions to a residential program specifically for patients with BESD. Methods One hundred consecutive admissions to a binge eating treatment program were enrolled in the prospective single-arm trial between January 2019 and February 2020. Data were collected at admission, discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postdischarge, with admission, discharge, and 12-month follow-up as the major timepoints of interest. Results across the major timepoints will be analyzed with mixed effects general linear models. Results The primary aim is to assess the impact of the program on eating disordered behaviors at discharge and 12-month follow-up, which are hypothesized to improve as a result of treatment. Secondary hypotheses include improvements on comorbid symptoms, including trauma, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as well as improvements on medical indicators of health, including cholesterol and triglycerides, at discharge and 12-month follow-up. Conclusions This study may aid in the development of treatment guidelines for patients with BESD at higher levels of care and lend support to having specialty treatment programs for patients with BESD. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/32270
Design of a Hybrid Controller for the Three-phase Four-leg Voltage-source Inverter with Unbalanced Load

The three-phase four-leg voltage-source inverter topology is an interesting option for the three-phase four-wire system. With an additional leg, this topology can achieve superior performance under unbalanced and nonlinear load conditions. However, because of the low bandwidth of conventional controllers in high-power inverter applications, the system cannot guarantee a balanced output voltage under the unbalanced load condition. Most of the methods proposed to solve this problem mainly use the multiple synchronous frame method, which requires several controllers and a large amount of computation because of frame transformation. This study proposes a simple hybrid controller that combines proportional–integral (PI) and resonant controllers in the synchronous frame synchronized with the positive-sequence component of the output voltage of the three-phase four-leg inverter. The design procedure for the controller and the theoretical analysis are presented. The performance of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results and compared with that of the conventional PI controller.
In Vivo Evidence of Single 13C and 15N Isotope–Labeled Methanotrophic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Cells in Rice Roots

Atmospheric methane concentrations have been continually increasing, causing methane to become a considerable environmental concern. Methanotrophy may be the key to regulating methane fluxes. ABSTRACT Methane-oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs) play an ecological role in methane and nitrogen fluxes because they are capable of nitrogen fixation and methane oxidation, as indicated by genomic and cultivation-dependent studies. However, the chemical relationships between methanotrophy and diazotrophy and aerobic and anaerobic reactions, respectively, in methanotrophs remain unclear. No study has demonstrated the cooccurrence of both bioactivities in a single methanotroph bacterium in its natural environment. Here, we demonstrate that both bioactivities in type II methanotrophs occur at the single-cell level in the root tissues of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). We first verified that difluoromethane, an inhibitor of methane monooxygenase, affected methane oxidation in rice roots. The results indicated that methane assimilation in the roots mostly occurred due to oxygen-dependent processes. Moreover, the results indicated that methane oxidation-dependent and methane oxidation-independent nitrogen fixation concurrently occurred in bulk root tissues. Subsequently, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization and NanoSIMS analyses, which revealed that single cells of type II methanotrophs (involving six amplicon sequence variants) in paddy rice roots simultaneously and logarithmically fixed stable isotope gases 15N2 and 13CH4 during incubation periods of 0, 23, and 42 h, providing in vivo functional evidence of nitrogen fixation in methanotrophic cells. Furthermore, 15N enrichment in type II methanotrophs at 42 h varied among cells with an increase in 13C accumulation, suggesting that either the release of fixed nitrogen into root systems or methanotroph metabolic specialization is dependent on different microenvironmental niches in the root. IMPORTANCE Atmospheric methane concentrations have been continually increasing, causing methane to become a considerable environmental concern. Methanotrophy may be the key to regulating methane fluxes. Although research suggests that type II methanotrophs are involved in methane oxidation aerobically and nitrogen fixation anaerobically, direct evidence of simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic bioreactions of methanotrophs in situ is still lacking. In this study, a single-cell isotope analysis was performed to demonstrate these in vivo parallel functions of type II methanotrophs in the root tissues of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). The results of this study indicated that methanotrophs might provide fixed nitrogen to root systems or depend on cells present in the spatially localized niche of the root tissue. Furthermore, our results suggested that single type II methanotrophic cells performed simultaneous methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation in vivo. Under natural conditions, however, nitrogen accumulation varied at the single-cell level.
Bacterial active matter

Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.
Learning Tensor Low-Rank Representation for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection

Recently, low-rank representation (LRR) methods have been widely applied for hyperspectral anomaly detection, due to their potentials in separating the backgrounds and anomalies. However, existing LRR models generally convert 3-D hyperspectral images (HSIs) into 2-D matrices, inevitably leading to the destruction of intrinsic 3-D structure properties in HSIs. To this end, we propose a novel tensor low-rank and sparse representation (TLRSR) method for hyperspectral anomaly detection. A 3-D TLR model is expanded to separate the LR background part represented by a tensorial background dictionary and corresponding coefficients. This representation characterizes the multiple subspace property of the complex LR background. Based on the weighted tensor nuclear norm and the $L_{F,1}$ sparse norm, a dictionary is designed to make its atoms more relevant to the background. Moreover, a principal component analysis (PCA) method can be assigned as one preprocessing step to exact a subset of HSI bands, retaining enough the HSI object information and reducing computational time of the postprocessing tensorial operations. The proposed model is efficiently solved by the well-designed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs). A comparison with the existing algorithms via experiments establishes the competitiveness of the proposed method with the state-of-the-art competitors in the hyperspectral anomaly detection task.
Links between Best Friendship, Romantic Relationship, and Psychological Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

Abstract Best friendships and romantic relationships are linked to psychological well-being in emerging adulthood, but few studies have assessed their contribution simultaneously. This research (n = 190; 64.4% women) examined the links between intimacy and conflict with the best friend and the romantic partner on psychological well-being (self-esteem, depression, loneliness). Results showed that both relationships were independently linked to well-being, while also interacting with one another. Among participants reporting a less intimate or conflictual romantic relationship, an intimate best friendship was linked to higher self-esteem. Moreover, a conflictual best friendship was related to higher depressive symptoms only among those having a conflictual romantic relationship. Thus, best friendships and romantic relationships show distinct and combined contributions to well-being in emerging adulthood.
A 10-bit 50 mega-samples-per-second pipelined analog-to-digital converter

Most of modern communication devices are implemented on portable systems powered by a battery with limited energy. Due to their dependence on batteries, some efforts have to be made to minimize the power consumption of these devices. One of the approaches is to use low power analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This thesis focuses on the design implementation of low power pipelined ADC for wireless communication system. The pipelined ADC was realized using 1.5-bit per-stage structures with digital error correction. For power reduction, dedicated front-end sample-and-hold circuit used in conventional pipelined ADC architecture is removed. Furthermore, power analysis has been performed using MATLAB® to assist in determining the best stage resolution in pipelined stages. A dynamic comparator is employed to optimize further the power consumption in pipelined stages. This low power pipelined ADC is implemented using Siltera’s 0. 18µm, 1.8-3.3V complementary metal oxide semiconductor process, with double layer poly-silicon and five metal layers. The designed pipelined ADC exhibits a 10-bit resolution at 50 Mega-Sample per-second and 50.82dB signal to noise and distortion ratio with an effective number of bits of 8.15-bit. The differential non-linearity (DNL) and the integral non-linearity (INL) are ±1 least-significant of bits (LSB). The power consumption is 97mW from a 3V supply and the entire area of the pipelined ADC including input and output pads is 2.4mm2.
Numerical Analysis of Sport Shoes Ankle Protection

Ankle injuries are prudent among athletes especially basketball players. High ground reaction force during athletic movement is one of the factors that can result to ankle injuries such as sprain and fracture. ANSYS software is used to model the Nike zoom midsole and simulates it under vertical landing and cutting movement. Finite element analysis is used to analyze the effects of stress (σ), strain (e), displacement and strain energy on static loading. The results show that highest stress located at heel region. Besides that, midsole's air gel provides 39% maximum stress reduction. The midsole also provide 2.24 Joules energy absorption during vertical landing which reduces shock transmitted to the ankle. Thus, the results prove that midsole provide cushioning as well reduce the risk of ankle injuries. Keywords— Ankle injuries, midsole, finite element analysis (FEA), ground reaction force (GRF), shock attenuation
Drought legacies and ecosystem responses to subsequent drought

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of droughts. These events, which can cause significant perturbations of terrestrial ecosystems and potentially long‐term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning after the drought has subsided are often called ‘drought legacies’. While the immediate effects of drought on ecosystems have been comparatively well characterized, our broader understanding of drought legacies is just emerging. Drought legacies can relate to all aspects of ecosystem structure and functioning, involving changes at the species and the community scale as well as alterations of soil properties. This has consequences for ecosystem responses to subsequent drought. Here, we synthesize current knowledge on drought legacies and the underlying mechanisms. We highlight the relevance of legacy duration to different ecosystem processes using examples of carbon cycling and community composition. We present hypotheses characterizing how intrinsic (i.e. biotic and abiotic properties and processes) and extrinsic (i.e. drought timing, severity, and frequency) factors could alter resilience trajectories under scenarios of recurrent drought events. We propose ways for improving our understanding of drought legacies and their implications for subsequent drought events, needed to assess the longer‐term consequences of droughts on ecosystem structure and functioning.
Patienten-Benefit und Lebensqualität nach Roboter-assistierten Operationen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich

Zusammenfassung Robotische Systeme für den Einsatz bei Operationen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich befinden sich in unterschiedlichen Stadien der technischen Entwicklung und der klinischen Anwendung. Vorrangig kommen robotische Systeme bei transoralen Operationen im Bereich des Pharynx und Larynx zum Einsatz, erste Erkenntnisse liegen jedoch auch zu onkologischen und funktionellen Ergebnissen nach Roboter-assistierten Operationen an den Halsweichteilen, der Schilddrüse und im Bereich des Mittel- und Innenohrs vor. Das folgende Referat bietet einen Überblick über die Anwendungsbereiche der Roboter-assistierten Chirurgie im Kopf-Hals-Bereich im Hinblick auf den potenziellen Patienten-Benefit und die post-operative Lebensqualität. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Rolle der transoralen robotischen Chirurgie (TORS) bei der Resektion von Oropharynxkarzinomen. Für diesen Anwendungsbereich liegen umfangreiche und langfristige Erkenntnisse vor, welche funktionelle Vorteile für ausgewählte Oropharynxkarzinom-Patienten nach TORS im Vergleich zu Therapiealternativen wie der offenen Chirurgie und der primären Strahlentherapie zeigen. Da der TORS auch eine wichtige Rolle im Hinblick auf eine mögliche Therapiedeeskalation für HPV-positive Oropharynxkarzinom-Patienten zukommt, werden entsprechende laufende Studien vorgestellt. Bei der Beurteilung des Therapie-Benefits und der Lebensqualität ist insbesondere bei Tumorpatienten zu beachten, dass individuelle Patienten-Präferenzen deutlich variieren können. Beeinflussende Faktoren und Tools zur detaillierten Erfassung von Lebensqualitätsparametern werden daher zu Beginn des Referats erläutert. Während einige robotische Systeme für den Einsatz in der Ohrchirurgie und Schädelbasischirurgie in Europa entwickelt und angewandt werden, kommen TORS-Systeme derzeit vor allem in Nordamerika und Asien zum Einsatz. Dies liegt darin begründet, dass in Europa und vor allem Deutschland mit der transoralen Laser-Mikrochirurgie (TLM) seit Jahrzenten eine bewährte Technologie für die transorale Tumorresektion zur Verfügung steht. Zukünftige Studien zum Vergleich von TORS und TLM mit einer detaillierten Erfassung von Lebensqualitätsparametern könnten dazu beitragen, geeignete Anwendungsbereiche für die jeweilige Technologie zu identifizieren.
Systematic analysis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)‐associated herpesvirus genomes from a KS case‐control study in Cameroon: Evidence of dual infections but no association between viral sequence variation and KS risk

In sub‐Saharan Africa, Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is endemic, and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a significant public health problem. Until recently, KSHV genotype analysis was performed using variable gene regions, representing a small fraction of the genome, and thus the contribution of sequence variation to viral transmission or pathogenesis are understudied. We performed near full‐length KSHV genome sequence analysis on samples from 43 individuals selected from a large Cameroonian KS case‐control study. KSHV genomes were obtained from 21 KS patients and 22 control participants. Phylogenetic analysis of the K1 region indicated the majority of sequences were A5 or B1 subtypes and all three K15 alleles were represented. Unique polymorphisms in the KSHV genome were observed including large gene deletions. We found evidence of multiple distinct KSHV genotypes in three individuals. Additionally, our analyses indicate that recombination is prevalent suggesting that multiple KSHV infections may not be uncommon overall. Most importantly, a detailed analysis of KSHV genomes from KS patients and control participants did not find a correlation between viral sequence variations and disease. Our study is the first to systematically compare near full‐length KSHV genome sequences between KS cases and controls in the same endemic region to identify possible sequence variations associated with disease risk.
Hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion as a tool to facilitate liver transplantation in the acute‐on‐chronic liver failure scenario

To the editor, Although currently there is no uniformly accepted definition for acuteonchronic liver failure (ACLF), specialists worldwide agree that these patients have a poor prognosis. Therefore, timely liver transplantation has been proposed as a treatment option for selected patients who are critically ill with ACLF. [1] Although prioritized access to liver grafts for those patients may be debatable thus far,[2] machine perfusion of the liver could potentially facilitate their successful transplantation within an appropriate time window.
Identification of Cellular Genes Involved in Baculovirus GP64 Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane

While much is known regarding trafficking of viral envelope proteins in mammalian cells, little is known about this process in insect cells. To begin to understand which factors and pathways are needed for trafficking of insect virus envelope proteins, we engineered a Drosophila melanogaster cell line and implemented an RNAi screen to identify cellular proteins that aid transport of the model baculovirus envelope protein (GP64) to the cell surface. ABSTRACT The baculovirus envelope protein GP64 is an essential component of the budded virus and is necessary for efficient virion assembly. Little is known regarding intracellular trafficking of GP64 to the plasma membrane, where it is incorporated into budding virions during egress. To identify host proteins and potential cellular trafficking pathways that are involved in delivery of GP64 to the plasma membrane, we developed and characterized a stable Drosophila cell line that inducibly expresses the AcMNPV GP64 protein and used that cell line in combination with a targeted RNA interference (RNAi) screen of vesicular protein trafficking pathway genes. Of the 37 initial hits from the screen, we validated and examined six host genes that were important for trafficking of GP64 to the cell surface. Validated hits included Rab GTPases Rab1 and Rab4, Clathrin heavy chain, clathrin adaptor protein genes AP-1-2β and AP-2μ, and Snap29. Two gene knockdowns (Rab5 and Exo84) caused substantial increases (up to 2.5-fold) of GP64 on the plasma membrane. We found that a small amount of GP64 is released from cells in exosomes and that some portion of cell surface GP64 is endocytosed, suggesting that recycling helps to maintain GP64 at the cell surface. IMPORTANCE While much is known regarding trafficking of viral envelope proteins in mammalian cells, little is known about this process in insect cells. To begin to understand which factors and pathways are needed for trafficking of insect virus envelope proteins, we engineered a Drosophila melanogaster cell line and implemented an RNAi screen to identify cellular proteins that aid transport of the model baculovirus envelope protein (GP64) to the cell surface. For this we developed an experimental system that leverages the large array of tools available for Drosophila and performed a targeted RNAi screen to identify cellular proteins involved in GP64 trafficking to the cell surface. Since viral envelope proteins are often critical for production of infectious progeny virions, these studies lay the foundation for understanding how either pathogenic insect viruses (baculoviruses) or insect-vectored viruses (e.g., flaviviruses, alphaviruses) egress from cells in tissues such as the midgut to enable systemic virus infection.