Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Bioanalysis: Morphology, Function and Detection Application

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a kind of popular non-destructive and water-free interference analytical technology with fast response, excellent sensitivity and specificity to trace biotargets in biological samples. Recently, many researches have focused on the preparation of various magnetic nanoparticle-based SERS substrates for developing efficient bioanalytical methods, which greatly improved the selectivity and accuracy of the proposed SERS bioassays. There has been a rapid increase in the number of reports about magnetic SERS substrates in the past decade, and the number of related papers and citations have exceeded 500 and 2000, respectively. Moreover, most of the papers published since 2009 have been dedicated to analytical applications. In the paper, the recent advances in magnetic nanoparticle-based SERS substrates for bioanalysis were reviewed in detail based on their various morphologies, such as magnetic core–shell nanoparticles, magnetic core–satellite nanoparticles and non-spherical magnetic nanoparticles and their different functions, such as separation and enrichment, recognition and SERS tags. Moreover, the typical application progress on magnetic nanoparticle-based SERS substrates for bioanalysis of amino acids and protein, DNA and RNA sequences, cancer cells and related tumor biomarkers, etc., was summarized and introduced. Finally, the future trends and prospective for SERS bioanalysis by magnetic nanoparticle-based substrates were proposed based on the systematical study of typical and latest references. It is expected that this review would provide useful information and clues for the researchers with interest in SERS bioanalysis.
Event‐based precipitation characteristics related to cloud‐top temperature during pre‐summer rainy season over south China

Precipitation exists in the form of event, which means all pixels within the same event have similar atmospheric condition and development experiences. Therefore, using GPM DPR and Himawari‐8 AHI data from 2016 to 2020, we carried out event‐based investigations on precipitations during the pre‐summer rainy season over south China. The identified rain clusters (RCs) were classified into three classes based on the mode of cloud‐top temperature, including those <230, 230–265, and >265 K. The results show that RCs with mode of cloud‐top temperature <230 K were related to low‐level velocity and jet. The atmospheric layer was very unstable with sufficient moisture supply, so the ratio of convective precipitation reached as high as 20% with largest droplet size. RCs at 230–265 K were mainly frontal stratiform precipitations caused by quasi‐stationary front. The atmospheric layer was stable but the horizontal moisture flux was strong; precipitations often appeared as continuous light rain with high droplet density and small droplet size. RCs with mode of cloud‐top temperature >265 K contributed less than 10% of the accumulated rainfall amount. They were mainly warm‐cloud shallow precipitations triggered by local convection with low droplet density. Our results suggest that the event‐scale characteristics of precipitation are indicative of the triggers and microphysics of precipitation.
Status of Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Patients with Cancer in Korea: an Online Survey of Online Cancer Support Groups (KCSG PC21-20)

Purpose An increasing number of patients with cancers are interested in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which lacks scientific evidence. This study aimed to determine how CAM was used and how media affected patients in online cancer support groups (OCSG). Materials and Methods Between August 18 and September 12, 2021, an online survey was conducted among the members of OCSG. The survey consisted of five parts: baseline characteristics, attitudes toward and experience with CAM, source of information and reliabilities, experience with anthelmintics, and online health information literacy and usage. Results Among the 644 responders, a total of 221 patients with cancer completed the survey, and 78.2% (173/221) used CAM. The users’ median age was 52 years; 46.8% were males, and 43.9% had metastatic disease. Fifty-three CAM users (30.6%) discussed their physicians about CAM. In addition, 16.2% (28/173) of CAM users had the experience of anthelmintics. The use of anthelmintics in patients with cancers was associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.95), metastatic disease (OR, 10.88; 95% CI, 3.39 to 34.86), previous exposure to CAM information (OR, 5.57; 95% CI, 1.01 to 30.72), experience with more types of CAM (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.05), and side effects (OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.46 to 17.75). Conclusion Use of anthelmintics, a CAM of which information is widespread online, is affected by several factors. This study will provide essential information for developing a CAM management strategy in this digital age.
Critical Parameters in an Enzymatic Way to Obtain the Unsweet Lactose-Free Milk Using Catalase and Glucose Oxidase Co-Encapsulated into Hydrogel with Chemical Cross-Linking

The presented work involves obtaining and characterising a two-enzymatic one-pot bioreactor, including encapsulated (co-immobilised) glucose oxidase and catalase. The enzymatic capsules were applied to produce unsweet, lactose-free milk during low-temperature catalysis. Furthermore, operational conditions, like pH and aeration, were selected in the paper, which sorts out discrepancies in literature reports. All experiments were carried out at 12 °C, corresponding to milk storage and transportation temperature. Preliminary studies (for reasons of analytical accuracy) were carried out in a buffer (pH, concentration of sugars mimicking conditions in the lactose-free milk, the initial glucose concentration 27.5 g/L) verified by processes carried out in milk in the final stage of the study. The presented results showed the need for regulating pH and the aeration of the reaction mixture in the continuous mode during the process. The procedure of co-immobilisation was performed in an alginate matrix with the cross-linking of glutaraldehyde or carbodiimide while carbodiimide showed better enzymes retention inside alginate capsules. Co-encapsulated enzymes could be used for nine cycles, preserving finally about 40% of the initial activity.
Concept Design and Testing of Multi-Nozzle Water Mist Fire Suppression System

In this work a flexible design of multi-nozzle arrangement of water mist fire suppression system was studied. The source of fire was a 65 mm diameter cooking oil fire. An investigation on the impact of nozzle arrangement on the temperature profile of fires was conducted. The occurance of oil splash due to the application of water mist was also studied. The water mist systems developed in the present work can effectively extinguish cooking oil fires and prevented them from re-ignition. The spray angle, discharge pressure, and water flow rate were important factors to determine the effectiveness of water mist in extinguishing cooking oil fires.
Analyzing Frequencies of Several Types of Events: A Mixed Multinomial-Poisson Approach

A flexible, generalized Poisson model is combined with the multinomial distribution to jointly predict households' choices among types of trips and frequency of trips. The model is compared with conventional Poisson models. The problem of a time-variant mean for frequencies is also addressed, as well as the mean-variance property of the conventional Poisson model that is avoided by use of the generalized formulation. The generalized model is found to outperform the conventional models. Copyright 1990 by MIT Press.
Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: Review Update 2022

A vertebral fracture is the most common type of osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) cause a variety of morbidities and deaths. There are currently few “gold standard treatments” outlined for the management of OVFs in terms of quantity and quality. Conservative treatment is the primary treatment option for OVFs. The treatment of pain includes short-term bed rest, analgesic medication, anti-osteoporotic medications, exercise, and a brace. Numerous reports have been made on studies for vertebral augmentation (VA), including vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. There is still debate and controversy about the effectiveness of VA in comparison with conservative treatment. Until more robust data are available, current evidence does not support the routine use of VA for OVF. Despite the fact that the majority of OVFs heal without surgery, 15%–35% of patients with an unstable fracture, persistent intractable back pain, or severely collapsed vertebra that causes a neurologic deficit, kyphosis, or chronic pseudarthrosis frequently require surgery. Because no single approach can guarantee the best surgical outcomes, customized surgical techniques are required. Surgeons must stay current on developments in the osteoporotic spine field and be open to new treatment options. Osteoporosis management and prevention are critical to lowering the risk of future OVFs. Clinical studies on bisphosphonate’s effects on fracture healing are lacking. Teriparatide was intermittently administered, which dramatically improved spinal fusion and fracture healing while lowering mortality risk. According to the available literature, there are no standard management methods for OVFs. More multimodal approaches, including conservative and surgical treatment, VA, and medications that treat osteoporosis and promote fracture healing, are required to improve the quality of the majority of guidelines.
Effect of dietary vanadium supplementation on growth performance, mineral balance and antioxidant activity in male Sahiwal calves

The study was aimed to examine the effect of supplementation of sodium metavandate (NaVO3) as source of vanadium on DMI intake, growth performance, antioxidant activity, level of mineral in plasma and their balance in male Sahiwal calves. The vanadium content in maize (Zea mays) and bajra (Pennisetum glaucum) grains was 58 ppb and 55 ppb while in berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) and mustard (Brassica campestris) fodder it was 8.37 and 7.24 ppm, respectively. Male Sahiwal calves (20) of comparable age (6Â±0.82 months) and body weight (71Â±8.06 kg) were randomly allotted to 4 different treatments with replication of 5 animals in each. Supplementation was done with 0, 2, 4 and 8 ppm of vanadium in groups T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively, for 120 days. Blood samples were collected at monthly intervals to examine antioxidant activity in blood, plasma and mineral levels. Feed consumption (DM intake, DM intake% BW) and growth rate did not show any significant effect of vanadium supplementation. Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in groups T3 and T4 as compared to T1 and T2 whereas, SOD and catalase activity was similar in all the groups. Excretion and absorption patterns of Ca, P, Cu and Fe and their plasma levels were similar in different groups. However, vanadium and Zn balance and their plasma levels increased due to vanadium supplementation. The present study revealed that in growing calves, vanadium supplementation showed enhanced glutathione peroxidise activity, plasma Zn and vanadium levels.
Upcycling Rocha do Oeste Pear Pomace as a Sustainable Food Ingredient: Composition, Rheological Behavior and Microstructure Alone and Combined with Yeast Protein Extract

This work explores the potential of Rocha do Oeste pear pomace to be used as a sustainable and healthy food ingredient. Moreover, the enrichment with yeast protein extract (YPE) may be useful to design innovative food products. The main goals of this study were to assess pear pomace concerning: (i) chemical composition and antioxidant capacity; (ii) rheology, texture, and microstructure characterization (alone or enriched with YPE), before and after heating. The results showed that pear pomace was a rich source of dietary fibers (74.5% DW), with phenolic compounds (3.9 mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/g dry weight), also presenting antiradical activity (3.90 μmol Trolox equivalents/g DW). Pear pomace showed a shear thinning behavior and a typical soft-gel behavior, which was not affected by YPE enrichment, thus suggesting that YPE did not affect pear pomace technological properties. Thermal treatment also did not alter pear pomace rheological properties. YPE addition induced a decrease in the apparent viscosity and a destabilizing effect, compared to the samples that were subjected to thermal processing. These results highlight the importance of pear pomace and the use of YPE for protein enrichment, opening new opportunities for their exploitation.
Geometric morphometrics of 4D motion data: a proof of concept for applications in palaeoanthropology

: This paper presents a proof of concept in the study of human respiratory motion from a palaeoanthropological approach. The hybrid methodology proposed merges Motion Capture techniques (optoelectronic plethysmography) with 3D geometric morphometrics of the superior torso surface during incremental running exercise. Results reveal the importance of the expiratory phase during high-intensity exercise breathing and arouse a discussion about the structure and function of the respiratory system in human evolution. Resumen
“Natural” stress patterns and dependencies between edge alignment and quantity sensitivity

We conducted an artificial language learning experiment to study learning asymmetries that might reveal latent preferences relating to, and any dependencies between, the edge alignment and quantity sensitivity (QS) parameters in stress patterning. We used a poverty of the stimulus approach to teach American English speakers an unbounded QS stress rule (stress a single CV: syllable) and either a left- or right-aligning QI rule if only light syllables were present. Forms with two CV: syllables were withheld in the learning phase and added in the test phase, forcing participants to choose between left- and right-aligning options for the QS rule. Participants learned the left- and right-edge QI rules equally well, and also the basic QS rule. Response patterns for words with two CV: syllables suggest biases favoring a left-aligning QS rule with a left-edge QI default. Our results also suggest that a left-aligning QS pattern with a rightedge QI default was least favored. We argue that stress patterns shown to be preferred based on evidence from ease-of-learning and participants’ untrained generalizations can be considered more natural than less favored opposing patterns. We suggest that cognitive biases revealed by artificial stress learning studies may have contributed to shaping stress typology.
Selective Removal of Hexavalent Chromium by Novel Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Cellulose Composite: Role of Counter Anions

Exploiting an adsorbent with superb selectivity is of utmost importance for the remediation of Cr (VI)-laden wastewater. In this work, a novel nitrogen and sulfur functionalized 3D macroporous cellulose material (MPS) was prepared by homogeneous cross-link cellulose and polyvinylimidazole, followed by ion exchange with MoS42−. MPS exhibited high removal efficiency at a broad pH range (1.0–8.0) and large adsorption capacity (379.78 mg/g) toward Cr (VI). Particularly, outstanding selectivity with an enormous partition coefficient (1.01 × 107 mL/g) was achieved on MPS. Replacing MoS42− with Cl− and MoO42− led to a sharp decline in adsorption selectivity, demonstrating that MoS42− contributed substantially to the selectivity. Results of FTIR, XPS, and apparent kinetic analysis revealed that Cr (VI) was first pre-enriched on the MPS surface via electrostatic and dispersion forces, and then reacted with MoS42− to generate Cr (III), which deposited on MPS by forming Cr(OH)3 and chromium(III) sulfide. This study provides a new idea for designing adsorbents with a superior selectivity for removing Cr (VI) from sewage.
Preparation of Functionalized Magnetic Polystyrene Microspheres and Their Application in Food Safety Detection

Based on the specific binding of sulfonic acid groups to melamine, β-agonists and other compounds, Fe3O4 nano-magnetic beads were coated with polystyrene using an improved micro-suspension emulsion polymerization method, thus forming core–shell magnetic polystyrene microspheres (Fe3O4@PS) with Fe3O4 as the core and polystyrene as the shell. These functionalized microspheres, which can be used as magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent, were prepared after further sulfonation. These microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analysis and saturation magnetization measurement. The results showed that these sulfonated magnetic polystyrene microspheres had favorable sphericity. The particle size of these microspheres ranged from 1 μm to 10 μm. Additionally, these microspheres had good dispersion and magnetic responses in both inorganic and organic solvents. Moreover, these functionalized magnetic polystyrene microspheres were tested and evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The results indicated that these sulfonated magnetic polystyrene microspheres (Fe3O4@SPS) could effectively adsorb such illegal additives as β-agonists and melamine in the food matrix.
Preoperative 6-minute walk test predicts prolonged hospitalization after transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement

The purpose of this study is to determine whether preoperative 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is associated with prolonged postoperative hospitalization in high risk patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR). Forty-one patients with severe TR who underwent TTVR and discharged between September 2018 and April 2021 were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether the postoperative hospital stay was >10 days and patients’ data were retrospectively collected. 6MWT was performed before operation. Twenty-one patients were in the control group (≤10 days) and 20 patients were in the prolonged postoperative stay (PPS) group (>10 days). 6MWT distance was significantly decreased in PPS group (192.70 ± 62.34 vs 274.57 ± 52.09 m, P < .05). PPS group had more patients with severe liver disease (50.00% vs 19.05%, P < .05), higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure (45.05 ± 9.28 vs 35.57 ± 8.91 mm Hg, P < .05) and longer procedure time (159.85 ± 56.61 vs 124.43 ± 31.67 min, P < .05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found 6MWT <267 m was an independent risk factor with the odds ratio of 10.95 (1.66–72.39, P < .05) for prolonged postoperative hospitalization in patients who received TTVR. In the present study, we identified that preoperative decreased 6MWT distance was an independent risk factor for prolonged hospitalization in high risk TR patients after TTVR.
Unconditionally stable perfectly matched layer boundary conditions

A brief review is given of a systematic, product‐formula based approach to construct unconditionally stable algorithms for solving the time‐dependent Maxwell equations. The fundamental difficulties that arise when we want to incorporate uniaxial perfectly matched layer boundary conditions into this scheme is discussed. We construct an algorithm that circumvents these difficulties and is unconditionally stable. Results of simulations for a point source and a plane current source inside a three‐dimensional volume illustrate that in practice, the algorithm performs as theoretically expected. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nondegenerate continuum model for polymer light‐emitting diodes

We present a device model to describe polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) under bias conditions for which strong electrical injection does not occur (i.e., reverse, zero, and weak forward bias). The model is useful to interpret: capacitance–voltage measurements, which probe the charged trap density in the PLEDs; electroabsorption measurements on PLEDs, which probe the built‐in electric field in the device; and internal photoemission measurements, which probe the effective Schottky barriers at the contacts of the PLED. The device model is based on the low‐density nondegenerate continuum model for the electronic structure of polymers. Polarons and bipolarons are the principal charged excitations in this model. Polarons are singly charged excitations which play the primary role in charge injection and in experiments such as internal photoemission which probe single particle interface properties. Bipolarons are doubly charged excitations which can play an important role in establishing Schottky barriers at .
The Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Brassica napus: A Review

Brassica napus is an important crop for edible oil, vegetables, biofuel, and animal food. It is also an ornamental crop for its various petal colors. Flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites with antioxidant activities and medicinal values, and are important to plant pigmentation, disease resistance, and abiotic stress responses. The yellow seed coat, purple leaf and inflorescence, and colorful petals of B. napus have been bred for improved nutritional value, tourism and city ornamentation. The putative loci and genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in B. napus have been identified using germplasms with various seed, petal, leaf, and stem colors, or different flavonoid contents under stress conditions. This review introduces the advances of flavonoid profiling, biosynthesis, and regulation during development and stress responses of B. napus, and hopes to help with the breeding of B. napus with better quality, ornamental value, and stress resistances.
Comparative Genome Analysis of 19 Trueperella pyogenes Strains Originating from Different Animal Species Reveal a Genetically Diverse Open Pan-Genome

Trueperella pyogenes is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that causes severe cases of mastitis, metritis, and pneumonia in a wide range of animals, resulting in significant economic losses. Although little is known about the virulence factors involved in the disease pathogenesis, a comprehensive comparative genome analysis of T. pyogenes genomes has not been performed till date. Hence, present investigation was carried out to characterize and compare 19 T. pyogenes genomes originating in different geographical origins including the draftgenome of the first Indian origin strain T. pyogenes Bu5. Additionally, candidate virulence determinants that could be crucial for their pathogenesis were also detected and analyzed by using various bioinformatics tools. The pan-genome calculations revealed an open pan-genome of T. pyogenes. In addition, an inventory of virulence related genes, 190 genomic islands, 31 prophage sequences, and 40 antibiotic resistance genes that could play a significant role in organism’s pathogenicity were detected. The core-genome based phylogeny of T. pyogenes demonstrates a polyphyletic, host-associated group with a high degree of genomic diversity. The identified core-genome can be further used for screening of drug and vaccine targets. The investigation has provided unique insights into pan-genome, virulome, mobiliome, and resistome of T. pyogenes genomes and laid the foundation for future investigations.