Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Is Characterized by a T Follicular Cell Pro-Inflammatory Shift, Reverted by Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, although several evidences also demonstrate a B cell involvement in its etiology. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells, a CXCR5-expressing CD4+ T cell subpopulation, are essential in the regulation of B cell differentiation and maintenance of humoral immunity. Alterations in circulating (c)Tfh distribution and/or function have been associated with autoimmune diseases including MS. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a recently approved first-line treatment for relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients whose mechanism of action is not completely understood. The aim of our study was to compare cTfh subpopulations between RRMS patients and healthy subjects and evaluate the impact of DMF treatment on these subpopulations, relating them to changes in B cells and humoral response. We analyzed, by flow cytometry, the distribution of cTfh1 (CXCR3+CCR6−), cTfh2 (CXCR3−CCR6−), cTfh17 (CXCR3−CCR6+), and the recently described cTfh17.1 (CXCR3+CCR6+) subpopulations of CD4+ Tfh (CD45RA−CXCR5+) cells in a cohort of 29 untreated RRMS compared to healthy subjects. CD4+ non-follicular T helper (Th) cells (CD45RA−CXCR5−) were also studied. We also evaluated the effect of DMF treatment on these subpopulations after 6 and 12 months treatment. Untreated RRMS patients presented higher percentages of cTfh17.1 cells and lower percentages of cTfh2 cells consistent with a pro-inflammatory bias compared to healthy subjects. DMF treatment induced a progressive increase in cTfh2 cells, accompanied by a decrease in cTfh1 and the pathogenic cTfh17.1 cells. A similar decrease of non-follicular Th1 and Th17.1 cells in addition to an increase in the anti-inflammatory Th2 subpopulation were also detected upon DMF treatment, accompanied by an increase in naïve B cells and a decrease in switched memory B cells and serum levels of IgA, IgG2, and IgG3. Interestingly, this effect was not observed in three patients in whom DMF had to be discontinued due to an absence of clinical response. Our results demonstrate a possibly pathogenic cTfh pro-inflammatory profile in RRMS patients, defined by high cTfh17.1 and low cTfh2 subpopulations that is reverted by DMF treatment. Monitoring cTfh subsets during treatment may become a biological marker of DMF effectiveness.
A genome wide association meta analysis of prognostic outcomes following cognitive behavioural therapy in individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders

http://sro.sussex. ac.uk Rayner, Christopher, Coleman, Jonathan R I, Purves, Kirstin L, Hodsoll, John, Goldsmith, Kimberley, Alpers, Georg W, Andersson, Evelyn, Arolt, Volker, Boberg, Julia, Bogels, Susan, Creswell, Cathy, Cooper, Peter, Curtis, Charles, Deckert, Jürgen, Domschke, Katharina et al. (2019) A genome-wide association meta-analysis of prognostic outcomes following cognitive behavioural therapy in individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders. Translational Psychiatry, 9 (150). pp. 1-13. ISSN 2158-3188
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Effective : February 15 , 2019

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Tumors Outside of Intracranial, Skull Base, or Orbital Sites

PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.
The roles of inﬂammation and immune mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease

The Alzheimer’s Association’s Research roundtable met in April 2015 to explore the role of neuroinﬂammatory mechanisms in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ability of innate immune cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, to mediate neuroinﬂammation in AD has been implicated as a signiﬁcant contributor to disease pathogenesis. Adaptive immunity, which plays an important role in responding to injury and some diseases of the central nervous system, may contribute to neuroinﬂammation in AD as well. Communication between the central and peripheral immune systems may also be important in AD. An increased understanding of the phys-iology of the innate immune system may aid the identiﬁcation of new therapeutic targets or mechanisms. The development of predictive animal models and translatable neuroinﬂammation biomarkers for AD would also facilitate the advancement of novel treatments for innate immunity. Important challenges impeding the advancement of new therapeutic agents and strategies to overcome them were discussed. (cid:1) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the Alzheimer’s Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Designing to Restory the Past: Storytelling for Empowerment through a Digital Archive

or decontextualized ways. Specifically, in this paper, we turn to a marginalized Indigenous people, the Sami, to enquire how a prospective digital archive could lead to restorying a narrative that i) has been designed outside the bounds of their livelihood and ii) involves these communities in the knowledge creation process. To restory means that one can rewrite and share already existing stories and, in this way, a culture can be reclaimed as the people from within said culture can tell, possibly, more truthful versions of already
Circumcenter operators in Hilbert spaces

The best approximation problem is of central importance in convex optimization. It is popular to use the Douglas–Rachford splitting method or the method of alternating projections to solve this problem. In this thesis, we use a classical concept, circumcenter, in Euclidean geometry to solve the best approximation problem. First, we introduce the new notion, circumcenter operator. Symmetrical and asymmetrical formulae of the circumcenter operator are provided. A sufficient condition of the existence of the circumcenter is provided. A characterization of the existence of the circumcenter of three distinct points is presented. In addition, we define the new concept: circumcenter mapping induced by operators. When we choose the operators from sets of compositions of reflectors, we obtain the circumcenter mapping induced by reflectors, which is proper, i.e., the value of the circumcenter mapping induced by reflectors is always a unique point in the space. In light of this consequence, we are able to deduce the circumcenter method induced by reflectors. We also consider the circumcenter operator induced by projectors. Both proper and improper examples are provided. Moreover, we prove that for some special sets, the circumcenter methods induced by reflectors converge at least as fast as the MAP, symmetrical MAP or some of their accelerated version to solve the best approximation problem. We also find some drawbacks of the circumcenter mapping induced by reflectors. Finally, numerical experiments are implemented to compare convergence rates of seven solvers: four circumcenter methods induced by reflectors, DRM, MAP and symmetrical MAP. As the plots of performance profiles illustrate, the experimental results are consistent with our theoretical results in the thesis. Additional comparisons with the DRM and the circumcenter method induced by reflectors are made.
The Impact of Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Dermatological Injuries on Nutritional Intake and Hydration Status During Ultramarathon Events.

BACKGROUND Debilitating gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and dermatological injuries (DI) are common during and after endurance events and have been linked to performance decrements, event withdrawal, and issues requiring medical attention. The study aimed to determine whether GIS and DI affect food and fluid intake, and nutritional and hydration status, of ultramarathon runners during multi-stage (MSUM) and 24-h continuous (24 h) ultramarathons. METHODS Ad libitum food and fluid intakes of ultramarathon runners (MSUM n = 54; 24 h n = 22) were recorded throughout both events and analysed by dietary analysis software. Body mass and urinary ketones were determined, and blood samples were taken, before and immediately after running. A medical log was used to monitor symptoms and injuries throughout both events. RESULTS GIS were reported by 85 and 73 % of ultramarathon runners throughout MSUM and 24 h, respectively. GIS during MSUM were associated with reduced total daily, during, and post-stage energy and macronutrient intakes (p < 0.05), whereas GIS during 24 h did not alter nutritional variables. Throughout the MSUM 89 % of ultramarathon runners reported DI. DI during MSUM were associated with reduced carbohydrate (p < 0.05) intake during running and protein intake post-stage (p < 0.05). DI during 24 h were low; thus, comparative analyses were not possible. Daily, during running, and post-stage energy, macronutrient and water intake variables were observed to be lower with severity of GIS and DI (p < 0.05) throughout the MSUM only. CONCLUSIONS GIS during the MSUM, but not the 24 h, compromised nutritional intake. DI presence and severity also compromised nutrient intake during running and recovery in the MSUM.
A case report and review of the literature regarding umbilical artery Doppler with intermittent reversed flow in monochorionic biamniotic twin pregnancy with selective IUGR

Objetivo: revisar la literatura existente acerca del retardo de crecimiento intrauterino discordante en el embarazo gemelar, en cuanto a las características de doppler de la arteria umbilical, la fisiopatología del patrón que representan sus ondas y las implicaciones como factor pronóstico de bienestar fetal y manejo. Se presenta un caso clínico de paciente con estudio de doppler reverso intermitente de arteria umbilical en feto con restricción de crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) discordante de gestación gemelar monocorial biamniótico. Discusión: la literatura revisada mostró que el embarazo gemelar monocorial tiene formas úniRevista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología Vol. 59 No. 2 • 2008 • (155-162)
Preferences for cervical cancer screening: the role of implicit associations Authors

1 Erasmus University Medical Center, Department of Public Health, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 2 Leiden University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden, the Netherlands 3 GGZ Central Psychiatric Center, Amersfoort, the Netherlands 4 Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden, the Netherlands 5 Radboud University, Behavioural Science Institute, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences (iCIS) & Social and Cultural Psychology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
REVISION DE WAWELIA GERHOLDI, UN ANURO DEL MIOCENO DEPATAGONIA

The holotype de Wawelia gerholdi, which consists in a dorsal imprint of an incomplete skeleton lacking skull bones except for a fragment of the left squamosal, is redescribed. The proportions and poor ossification of some elements, among other features, suggest that it corresponds to a juvenile individual. The diagnostic characters of Wawelia are questioned and relationships with ceratophryne leptodactylids accepted with some reserve. Further discussion of its evolutionary relationships must await discovery of more complete material. '
To SAT or Not to SAT: Scalable Exploration of Functional Dependency

Functional dependency is concerned with rewriting a Boolean function f as a function h over a set of base functions {g1,¿,gn}, i.e., f = h(g1,¿,gn). It plays an important role in many aspects of electronic design automation (EDA). Prior approaches to the exploration of functional dependency are based on binary decision diagrams (BDDs), which may not be easily scalable to large designs. This paper formulates both single-output and multiple-output functional dependencies as satisfiability (SAT) solving and exploits extensively the capability of a modern SAT solver. Thereby, functional dependency can be detected effectively through incremental SAT solving, and the dependency function h, if it exists, is obtained through Craig interpolation. The proposed method enables (1) scalable detection of functional dependency, (2) fast enumeration of dependency function under a large set of candidate base functions, and (3) potential application to large-scale logic synthesis and formal verification. Experimental results show that the proposed method is far superior to prior work and scales well in dealing with the largest ISCAS and ITC benchmark circuits with up to 200 K gates.
Modification of Episodic Memories by Novel Learning : A Failed Replication Study View project Intervention Strength does not Differentially Affect Memory Reconsolidation of Strong Memories View project

After unpleasant events, people often experience intrusive memories that undermine their peace of mind. In response, they often suppress these unwanted memories from awareness. Such efforts may fail, however, when inhibitory control demands are high due to the need to sustain control, or when fatigue compromises inhibitory capacity. Here we examined how sustained inhibitory demand affected intrusive memories in the Think/No-Think paradigm. To isolate intrusions, participants reported, trial-by-trial, whether their preceding attempt to suppress retrieval had triggered retrieval of the memory they intended to suppress. Such counter-intentional retrievals provide a laboratory model of the sort of involuntary retrieval that may underlie intrusive memories. Using this method, we found that longer duration trials increased the probability of an intrusion. Moreover, on later No-Think trials, control over intrusions suddenly declined, with longer trial durations triggering more relapses of items that had been previously been purged. Thus, the challenges of controlling retrieval appear to cause a decline in control over time, due to a change in state, such as fatigue. These findings raise the possibility that characteristics often true of people with psychiatric disorders – such as compromised sleep, and increased demand on control – may contribute to difficulties in suppressing intrusive memories. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 19 August 2016 Accepted 9 January 2017
Metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis

Problem This review focuses on the association between the metabolic syndrome (MS) and nephrolithiasis. Findings Associations between nephrolithiasis and systemic diseases are recognized, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular (CV) disease, hypertension (HNT), diabetes mellitus (DM)—composite risk factors grouped as the MS. Kidney stones incidence is increasing in this particularly high risk group. Those with stones are prone to the disease and those with the systemic disease are at risk for stone formation, with the highest incidence in persons with multiple traits of the MS. Pathophysiologic explanations for the increased stone risk related to MS are likely complex and dynamic. Conclusions Kidney stones disproportionately affect persons with some or all traits of MS. One unifying theory may be of a common systemic malfunction of inflammation and tissue damage as an underlying mechanism, but it is unlikely to be the only mechanistic explanation. Further research is needed to investigate this and other hypotheses that go beyond population based and urine physiochemical studies in order to elucidate the mechanisms behind the individual disease states themselves.
VIRULENCE

Why do parasites harm their hosts? Intuition suggests that parasites should evolve to be benign whenever the host is needed for transmission. Yet a growing theoretical literature offers several models to explain why natural selection may favor virulent parasites over avirulent ones. This perspective first organizes these models into a simple framework and then evaluates the empirical evidence for and against the models. There is relatively scant evidence to support any of the models rigorously, and indeed, there are only a few unequivocal observations of virulence actually evolving in parasite populations. These shortcomings are surmountable, however, and empirical models of host‐parasite interactions have been developed for many kinds of pathogens so that the relevant data could be acquired in the near future.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in an Italian population sample: results of a regional community-based study. I. The MAPPING study.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the MAPPING study was to estimate the prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in an Italian population sample. METHODS Questionnaires were sent to a random sample of 3664 individuals aged 18 years and over, stratified for age and gender, selected from the practice lists of 16 general practices. Trained rheumatologists carried out structured visits in which subjects were asked about musculoskeletal symptoms and socio-demographic characteristics, and underwent a standardized physical examination. Cases were defined by previously validated criteria. RESULTS A total of 2155 subjects participated in the study (response rate 58.8%). The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in the general adult population was 26.7% (95% CI 25.4-28.5), being significantly higher among women than men (p < 0.0001). Disease prevalence increased significantly with age (p < 0.0001). The most common disease group was symptomatic peripheral osteoarthritis (SPOA), with a prevalence of 8.95% (95% CI 6.81-10.7), followed by soft tissue disorders--STD (8.81%; 95% CI 7.16-10.29), low back pain--LBP (5.91%; 95% CI 4.89-6.89), and inflammatory rheumatic disease--IRD (3.06%; 95% CI 2.38-3.93). The estimated rates of disease prevalence were as follows: rheumatoid arthritis: 0.46% (95% CI 0.33-0.59); psoriatic arthritis: 0.42% (95% CI 0.31-0.61); ankylosing spondylitis: 0.37% (95% CI 0.23-0.49); polymyalgia rheumatica: 0.37% (95% CI 0.29-0.44); undifferentiated connective tissue disease: 0.14% (95% CI 0.09-0.21); crystal arthropathies, including gout 0.46% (95% CI 0.34-0.57) and chondrocalcinosis: 0.42% (95% CI 0.33-0.58); symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA): 5.39% (95% CI 3.41-7.99); hip-OA: 1.61% (95% CI 1.39-1.87); hand-OA: 1.95 (95% CI 1.22-2.48); fibromyalgia: 2.22% (95% CI 1.36-3.19); shoulder tendinitis/adhesive capsulitis: 3.06% (95% CI 2.11-4.09); carpal tunnel syndrome: 1.90% (95% CI 1.06-2.29), localized regional pain syndromes of the neck: 0.88% (95% CI 0.561.29), and lateral epicondylitis 0.74% (95% CI 0.47-1.33). CONCLUSIONS The MAPPING study indicates that musculoskeletal conditions are common in the general adult population of Italy. These data are useful in planning the provision of healthcare.
Inference of gene regulation functions from dynamic transcriptome data

To quantify gene regulation, a function is required that relates transcription factor binding to DNA (input) to the rate of mRNA synthesis from a target gene (output). Such a ‘gene regulation function’ (GRF) generally cannot be measured because the experimental titration of inputs and simultaneous readout of outputs is difficult. Here we show that GRFs may instead be inferred from natural changes in cellular gene expression, as exemplified for the cell cycle in the yeast S. cerevisiae. We develop this inference approach based on a time series of mRNA synthesis rates from a synchronized population of cells observed over three cell cycles. We first estimate the functional form of how input transcription factors determine mRNA output and then derive GRFs for target genes in the CLB2 gene cluster that are expressed during G2/M phase. Systematic analysis of additional GRFs suggests a network architecture that rationalizes transcriptional cell cycle oscillations. We find that a transcription factor network alone can produce oscillations in mRNA expression, but that additional input from cyclin oscillations is required to arrive at the native behaviour of the cell cycle oscillator. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.12188. 001
A High-Level Power Model for MPSoC on FPGA

This paper presents a framework for high-level power estimation of multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoC) architectures on FPGA. The technique is based on abstract execution profiles, called event signatures. As a result, it is capable of achieving good evaluation performance, thereby making the technique highly useful in the context of early system-level design space exploration. We have integrated the power estimation technique in a system-level MPSoC synthesis framework. Using this framework, we have designed a range of different candidate MPSoC architectures and compared our power estimation results to those from real measurements on a Virtex-6 FPGA board.
Widely used commercial ELISA for human Zonulin reacts with Complement C3 rather than preHaptoglobin2

BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence for the role of impaired intestinal permeability in obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Zonulin is an established serum marker for intestinal permeability and supposedly identical to pre-haptoglobin2. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between intestinal permeability represented by circulating zonulin and metabolic traits related to obesity. METHODS Serum zonulin was measured by using a widely used commercially ELISA kit in 376 subjects from the metabolically well-characterized cohort of Sorbs from Germany. In addition, haptoglobin genotype was determined in DNA samples from all study subjects. RESULTS The genotype frequencies for haptoglobin genotypes HP1/1, HP1/2 and HP2/2 were 15.8%, 47.6% and 36.6% respectively. Since zonulin concentrations did not correspond to the haptoglobin genotypes we investigated the specificity of the zonulin ELISA assay using immunoprecipitation experiments, mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis. Thus we demonstrated by mass spectrometry that the kit is mainly capturing complement factor C3 and derived fragments. Circulating complement factor C3 was significantly increased in patients with diabetes and obesity and correlated strongly with markers of the lipid and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our study supports the role of the complement C3 in the pathophysiology of obesity and necessitates critical revision of published data on zonulin as a marker for altered intestinal permeability from studies that have used the ELISA kit investigated here.