Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jupiter's winds and Arnol'd's second stability theorem: Slowly moving waves and neutral stability

Since the Voyager encounters in 1979, it has been known that Jupiter's cloud-top zonal winds violate the barotropic stability criterion. A vortex-tube stretching analysis of the Voyager wind data indicates that the more general Charney-Stern stability criterion is also violated. On the other hand, the zonal winds determined by tracking cloud features in Hubble Space Telescope images taken in 1991 precisely match the zonal winds determined by tracking cloud features in Voyager images, and it is hard to understand how a complicated zonal wind profile like Jupiter's could be unstable and yet not change at all in 12 years. In fact, there are at least two known ways to violate the Charney-Stern stability criterion and still have a stable flow. The better known of these is called Fjortoft's theorem, or Arnol'd's 1st theorem for the case of large-amplitude perturbations. Although the Fjortoft-Arnol'd theorem has been extended from the quasi-geostrophic equations to the primitive equations, the basic requirement that the potential vorticity be an increasing function of streamfunction is opposite to the case found on Jupiter, where the Voyager data indicate that the potential vorticity is a decreasing function of streamfunction. But this second case is precisely that which is covered by Arnol'd's 2nd stability theorem. In fact, the Voyager data suggest that Jupiter's zonal winds are neutrally stable with respect to Arnol'd's 2nd stability theorem. Here, we analyze the linear stability problem of a one-parameter family of sinusoidal zonal wind profiles that are close to neutral stability with respect to Arnol'd's 2nd stability theorem. We find numerically that the most unstable mode is always stationary, which may help to explain the slowly moving mode 10 waves observed on Jupiter. We find that violation of Arnol'd's 2nd stability theorem is both necessary and sufficient for instability of sinusoidal profiles. However, there appears to be no simple extension of Arnol'd's 2nd stability theorem to the primitive equations. Nevertheless, the primitive growth rates are small, and the primitive system is still governed by the quasi-geostrophic neutral-stability configuration.
Linear and nonlinear study of the precessional fishbone instability

L'interaction onde-particule dans les plasma est un sujet de recherche important, pour la comprehension des phenomenes physiques fondamentaux comme pour l'operation de reacteurs a fusion tels que les tokamaks. Cette interaction peut etre responsable de l'existence de modes instables, comme l'instabilite "fishbone" dans les plasmas de tokamak. Celle-ci est causee par l'interaction resonante entre un mode vivant dans la plasma et une population de particules supra-thermiques. Cette instabilite cause l'ejection d'une partie de ces particules energetiques. Elle est par ailleurs caracterisee par une diminution de sa frequence durant son evolution. Dans cette these, un modele pour l'instabilite "fishbone", decrivant le plasma thermique avec un traitement fluide et les particlules energetiques avec un traitement cinetique, est developpe. Ce modele est simplifie de maniere a permettre la comprehension des mecanismes les plus basiques qui causent la destabilisation du mode, sa diminution en frequence durant son evolution ainsi que l'ejection de particules qu'il engendre. La theorie lineaire de ce modele est faite, montrant les conditions qui permettent l'existence de l'instabilite, et permettant la caracterisation de son comportement lineaire. Les resultats analytiques sont ensuite compares aux resultats lineaires numeriques, obtenus grâce a un code developpe durant cette these et base sur les hypotheses du modele, et ils sont en accord. Enfin, ce code est utilise pour explorer le comportement non lineaire des particules energetiques. Le mecanisme principalement responsable du changement de frequence du mode ainsi que de l'ejection des particules est identifie et etudie en detail.
I nternational J ournal of V eterinary S cience

This study aims to obtain the chemical composition, RDP-RUP content, and digestibility of tropical legumes from two different regions using the in-vitro method. The legumes used included: A. hypogea, A. pintoi, C. calothyrsus, C. mucunoides, G. sepium, I. zollingeriana, L. leucocephala, M. oleifera and S. grandiflora. The chemical composition of feed ingredients was determined using proximate and van soest analysis. Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) and Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD) were measured using the in vitro Tiley and Terry method. The research design used was a randomized block design with areas (Luak and dramaga) as treatment then repeated three times. Research data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software version 25. The results obtained from this study were not significant differences (P>0.05) between treatments for each parameter observed. I. zoliingeriana was the legume with the highest CP (30.40%) content among all the legumes observed. DMD ranged from 58.03% ( A. pintoi ) – 72.68% ( I. zollingeriana ). The highest RDP content was found in I. zollingeiana (71.28%). The highest RUP content was found in C. mucunoides (46.94%). The conclusion from this study is that tropical legumes of the same type but grown in areas with different environmental conditions tend to have almost the same quality. The database of feed nutrient content is very useful in formulating livestock rations. A good ration formulation is based on the ratio of RDP and RUP so that the needs of rumen microbes and host livestock are met. This research is highly useful to help formulate ruminant livestock rations based on the ratio of RDP and RUP, due to limited information from previous studies.
Dietary Fibre Intake in Chile: 13 Years after the Last National Report

Background: The objective is to provide updated data on the intake of total dietary fibre in the population residing in Chile and to identify food sources that contribute most to its intake, as well as its association with different sociodemographic and nutritional status-related determinants. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a nationwide survey was applied to determine fibre intake using an instrument that has been previously validated in the resident population of Chile. Results: The sample consisted of a total of 1761 participants. Dietary fibre intake was 12.8 ± 7.1 g/day for the total population, and 90% of participants did not meet the recommendation, with no differences in consumption by sex, geographical area, and the urban/rural population. A lower consumption was found among participants with overweight and obesity. According to food groups, bread was the major contributor to fibre intake, providing 4.39 ± 3.05 g/day, followed by cereals (2.26 ± 2.80 g/day) and vegetables (1.85 ± 1.59 g/day). Conclusions: 90% of the population consume less fibre than recommended, and bread is the main food source; these data are critical for the development of strategies that are aimed at changing habits in order to improve diet quality.
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits in Early Childhood: The Rhea Mother–Child Cohort (Crete, Greece)Rhea Mother–Child Cohort (Crete, Greece)

Citation Vafeiadi, M. , V. Georgiou, G. Chalkiadaki, P. Rantakokko, H. Kiviranta, M. Karachaliou, E. Fthenou, et al. 2015. “Association of Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits in Early Childhood: The Rhea Mother–Child Cohort (Crete, Greece). ” Environmental Health Perspectives 123 (10): 1015-1021. doi:10.1289/ehp.1409062. http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/ ehp.1409062.
Satellite Communications: Mobile and Fixed Services

Preface. 1. Intro to Satellite Communications. 2. Propagation. 3. Mobile Satellite System Design. 4. Traffic Capacity and Access Control. 5. Digital Model Design. 6. Speech Codec Systems. 7. Error Control Coding. 8. Signalling Systems. 9. Non-Geostationary Satellites. Index.
The development of using function word “ zài ” to learn novel verbs in young Mandarin speakers

Abstract The present research examined whether Mandarin‐speaking children could use function words to learn novel verbs and recognize verbs in a new sentential context. In Experiment 1, 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children were taught two novel verbs supported by the verb marker “zài. ” The 5‐ and 6‐year‐old children successfully used the function word “zài” to learn novel verbs, but the 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds failed to interpret the novel words as verbs. In Experiment 2 and 3, the children had to recognize the newly learned verbs in new sentences containing a different function word (a different verb‐biased marker “le” or a non‐verb‐biased marker “shì”). Results showed that the 5‐year‐old children could recognize the newly learned verbs with another verb‐biased marker “le,” but only the 6‐year‐old children could recognize the newly learned verbs with the non‐verb‐biased marker “shì. ” The study verified that Mandarin‐speaking children could use the function word “zài” to determine a novel word as a verb and revealed that such an ability appeared between the ages of 4 and 5 years. In addition, the ability to extend a newly learned verb across different morphosyntactic markers is developed in 5‐ to 6‐year‐olds.
Medical treatment of osteoarthritis: botanical pharmacologic aspect

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, and its prevalence is expected to further increase as our society ages. Despite many approaches to cure OA, no drugs are currently proven to modulate the progression of OA. Nowadays, new OA treatment options are holistically developed and one of the approaches of treatment option is botanical drugs. Some botanical drugs for OA have shown both therapeutic effect comparable to refined drugs in small studies and fewer side effects. Hence, there are various health functional foods which are known to relieve symptoms of OA. However, since there are many botanical products, clinicians are not familiar to the efficacy of each botanical product, making it challenging to use them appropriately in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the botanical products available for treating OA, including prescription botanical drugs and health functional foods available in Korea. Further studies and the purification of effective molecules from botanical products will be necessary in future.
An Adaptive Soft Decision Method for Depth Map Prediction

Depth map prediction is the key point in Free Viewpoint Video technique. Among current depth map estimation approaches, combined temporal and interview prediction method is the most practical one for hardware design and real time processing. It is based on block search inter-prediction on various block size to get the best estimation result with specific cost function. Although much data processing bandwidth can be saved by reusing of hardware and computation resources in disparity vector prediction, it still needs to calculate all block size cost results, and has disparity prediction errors at object boundary or continuous areas, resulting in block effect and prediction noises in depth map. This paper presents an efficient adaptive soft decision method based on chrominance image segmentation. The best prediction block size is pre-determined before block search progress. So much calculation efforts are saved. Only specific block size computation is executed to get the best disparity vector prediction, instead of selecting the best one from all block size calculation results. Experiment results show that the adaptive soft decision method can enhance depth map quality efficiently with less prediction errors and computation cost. It is suitable for hardware realization and real time processing.
14 – The measurement of thermoelectricity

Publisher Summary After a brief boom in the 1960s, Thermoelectric (TE) materials have attracted renewed interest. During the late 1990s, TE materials started to be used commercially, for example, in the cooling system for an optical fiber relay station in Japan. New TE materials have started to emerge, including oxide, skutterudite delforssite, clathrate, alongside more established materials, such as bismuth telluride and silicon germanium. TE devices are, however, still at an early stage of development. In particular, their use in power generation has suffered because of lower efficiency compared to solar energy. In addition, there had not been a standardized system of measurement until a Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) was established. The Japanese Industrial Engineering Bureau established a committee to develop the measurement of TE materials in 1998. The author chaired the committee of seven drawn from both industrial and academic fields. In its first year, the committee conducted research among companies, national institutes, and universities on thermoelectric energy conversion, commercial applications, and future trends. Finally, the committee analyzed the data it had gathered, and producing three JIS volumes on TE in 2002, covering the Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity, including diffusivity and heat capacity. This chapter discusses the measurements of thermoelectricity (Seebeck coefficient), electrical resistivity, and thermal conductivity as set out in the JIS document.
Approximate medial axis as a voronoi subcomplex

Medial axis as a compact representation of shapes has evolved as an essential geometric structure in a number of applications involving 3D geometric shapes. Since exact computation of the medial axis is difficult in general, efforts continue to approximate them. One line of research considers the point cloud representation of the boundary surface of a solid and then attempts to compute an approximate medial axis from this point sample. It is known that the Voronoi vertices converge to the medial axis for a curve in 2D as the sample density approaches infinity. Unfortunately, the same is not true in 3D. Recently, it is discovered that a subset of Voronoi vertices called poles converge to the medial axis in 3D. However, in practice, a continuous approximation as opposed to a discrete one is sought. Recently few algorithms have been proposed which use the Voronoi diagram and its derivatives to compute this continuous approximation. These algorithms are scale or density dependent. Most of them do not have convergence guarantees, and one of them computes it indirectly from the power diagram of the poles. In this paper we present a new algorithm that approximates the medial axis straight from the Voronoi diagram in a scale and density independent manner with convergence guarantees. The advantage is that, unlike for others, one does not need to fine tune any parameter for this algorithm. We present extensive experimental evidences in support of our claims.
Hybrid Effect of TiO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Based Composite for Photo-Catalytic Water Splitting and Strain Sensing

Solar Energy is an everlasting source of energy with minimal carbon footprint. However, due to lack of reliability and consistency it needs to be converted into more reliable and effective means that can be used to provide energy on demand. Hydrogen is a promising carrier and is thus an efficient mean of energy to be converted in, stored and transported. A more direct approach towards harnessing Solar Energy is by photo-aided generation of hydrogen via splitting of water using photolysis. Photocatalytic water splitting is therefore a promising method for future energy security. On the other hand strain sensing is a useful technique to measure medium range loads in trusses or tension rods & can easily replace the existing fragile & expensive semiconductor based sensors. This was done by using a composite of TiO2 /Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO); TiO2 (anatase) was synthesized via sol-gel process and the main precursor was titanium tetrapropoxide (Ttip). Titania (anatase) characterized by XRD and photo spectrometry while Graphene oxide was synthesized via modified Hummer’s Method. The obtained Reduce Graphene Oxide was dispersed using Sodium Dodecyl Benzene (SDB) and Hydrazine Hydrate. A drastic synergetic effect was found by simply mixing RGO with TiO2 Solution. This not only broadened the photoactivity spectrum of TiO2 from UV region to the more available visible light radiation but also exhibit strain sensing properties and considerable tunable gauge factor. The photocatalytic effect of our composite was tested by coating it over Polycarbonate & then analyzing emitted gas bubbles in a UV radiation chamber while strain sensing was done by coating it on an elastic substrate & applying loads against values of resistance which were measured. This study will also include the reduction of recombination and band gap of TiO2 in order to synchronize it with the available Solar Spectrum thus maximizing solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.
Genome-Wide Identification of Bone Metastasis-Related MicroRNAs in Lung Adenocarcinoma by High-Throughput Sequencing

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They participate in a wide variety of biological processes, including apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been found to play an important role in many cancers. Results To understand the roles of miRNAs in the bone metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma, we constructed two small RNA libraries from blood of lung adenocarcinoma patients with and without bone metastasis. High-throughput sequencing combined with differential expression analysis identified that 7 microRNAs were down-regulated and 21 microRNAs were up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis. A total of 797 target genes of the differentially expressed microRNAs were identified using a bioinformatics approach. Functional annotation analysis indicated that a number of pathways might be involved in bone metastasis, survival of the primary origin and metastatic angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma. These include the MAPK, Wnt, and NF-kappaB signaling pathways, as well as pathways involving the matrix metalloproteinase, cytoskeletal protein and angiogenesis factors. Conclusions This study provides some insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie lung adenocarcinoma development, thereby aiding the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
A Survey on a Novel Cryptojacking Covert Attack

New technologies based on cryptocurrencies and blockchain are revolutionizing how we conduct commercials online. Nowadays, a wide range of blockchain as well as cryptocurrency systems, apps, also technologies are publicly accessible in the direction of businesses, end users, as well as even malicious attackers that seek towards deploy cryptojacking malware to abuse the computational resources of common people. Without the victims' knowledge, this type of malware operates on their machines. In order to mine cryptocurrency for the cybercriminal, it frequently infects browsers and performs CPU-intensive computations. The cybercriminal then steals the revenues without compensating for the resources used. However, current detection techniques, for instance browser extensions that designed to defend users using blacklist protection or antivirus programmes by different analysis techniques, can only partially solve the problem of emerging cryptojacking because attackers can simply get around them via using obfuscation methods or else frequently altering their domains or else scripts. As a result, numerous researches in the literature suggested employing different dynamic/behavioral indicators to identify cryptojacking malware. However, a systematic study using a deep grasp of the new cryptojacking attack as well as a thorough assessment of studies into the literature is lacking in the literature. Therefore, using data from the web and journal articles, we give a systematic study of cryptojacking in this paper. Finally, we offer some prevention advice as well as warning signs that you might have been a victim of cryptojacking.
Assessing the Quality of Wikipedia Editors through Crowdsourcing

In this paper, we propose a method for assessing the quality of Wikipedia editors. By effectively determining whether the text meaning persists over time, we can determine the actual contribution by editors. This is used in this paper to detect vandal. However, the meaning of text does not always change if a term in the text is added or removed. Therefore, we cannot capture the changes of text meaning automatically, so we cannot detect whether the meaning of text survives or not. To solve this problem, we use crowdsourcing to manually detect changes of text meaning. In our experiment, we confirmed that our proposed method improves the accuracy of detecting vandals by about 5%.
The Cow That Laid an Egg (review)

“There’s a thin line between genius and bottom-barrel stupidness. I hover delicately on a tightrope between the two, wondering where I’ll land if I ever fall. ” So says Merilee, known to her classmates as “the weirdo who loves dragons,” and commanded by her compulsions to follow the carefully outlined tasks of her V.O. E. , very ordered existence. Life in Jumbo, her colorful small Texas town, provides more excitement than order, however, especially when she becomes the chosen friend of Biswick, the developmentally impaired son of an alcoholic poet, and when retired nurse Verna Holliday spontaneously moves into Merilee’s home, bringing warmth and good cooking. First novelist Crowley proves herself a virtuoso at creating an ensemble cast richly adorned with quirky particulars, and several chapter openings have an emphatic absurdity that makes them beg to be read aloud. Though the plot is a little hackneyed and it sometimes gets overshadowed by the many characterful characters, the writing cooks along with sufficient warmth and savor to keep readers satisfied as Merilee gradually acknowledges that she can find satisfaction in human connection as well as in her compulsions. Readers graduating from the sweetly idiosyncratic world of Because of Winn-Dixie (BCCB 6/00) will likely find themselves at home in Jumbo. DS
Plasma endothelin in chronic heart failure.

Plasma Endothelin in Chronic Heart Failure McMurray et al's' recent article raises interesting questions concerning the role of endothelin in heart failure. Perhaps limitations of space restrained the authors from providing information that might have enhanced the ability to evaluate the significance of their results. The following questions seem germane. 1) Was there any difference in endothelin values in male versus female healthy volunteers? 2) Heart failure patients in group 4 seem different, as the authors point out, not only with respect to sex and age and less severe heart failure, but also with a higher frequency of valvular and congenital heart disease. Accordingly, it would have been particularly appropriate to know what their peripheral venous plasma endothelin values were and whether such differences might explain some of the overlap evident in the other heart failure patients as opposed to the normal subjects depicted in Figure 1. 3) The authors state that "endothelin concentration did not appear to relate to the level of left ventricular dysfunction. " Are specific data on this point available? 4) Although differences in aortic and renal vein endothelin concentrations may reflect renal extraction, they could be an indication of nonspecific extraction across arterial venous circulations generally, as has been previously demonstrated in both endogenous and exogenous vasoactive substances. Again, peripheral venous endothelin concentrations in group 4 would have been helpful in identifying the specificity of this contention. 5) Although the authors suggest that no correlation exists between ANP and endothelin (Figure 4), no r value or statistical significance is provided. Arguably, the data could contain a subset of patients in whom the correlation was excellent and others in whom it was not; in this regard, the duration of heart failure, with those of more recent onset being expected to potentially have such