Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electroplating of Stainless Steel in Aqueous Alkaline Solution

Electroplated stainless steel alloys containing elements such as iron, chromium and nickel, are of great interest in production of electronics and nanotechnology devices. Previous methods for electroplating of these alloys have been found problematic because of little control of composition and layer thickness of the electroplated layers. A new method for electroplating of Fe-Ni-Cr alloys is therefore desirable. The proposed method studied in this work is electrochemical reduction of metal oxides onto a conductive substrate. The ultimate goal is to develop a reproducible method for electroplating Fe-Ni-Cr alloys onto any conductive substrate, however, the focus in this work was to successfully reduce a mixture of oxides of iron and chromium to an alloy containing the respective metals. Mixtures of Fe2O3-Cr2O3 or Fe2O3-Cr(OH)3 were coated onto Cu substrates and reduced in 50 wt% aqueous NaOH at 114 ◦C under a constant cathodic current. Current and reduction time were varied and their effect on the deposits were studied using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Purification of the electrolyte using both a chemical and an electrochemical method, were also pursued. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze the electrolyte before, during and after purification, with respect to the content of iron and nickel. In addition, measures to enhance the adhesion of the oxide layers were taken. SEM images revealed crystals growing on the surface of most samples, which possibly grew, predominantly, through a dissolution-redeposition mechanism. Further analysis with EDS revealed a high content of iron compared to that of oxygen, some chromium was also detected in all samples. However, additional analysis with XRD was necessary to confirm reduction of the oxides. No oxides were detected with XRD, which indicated a successful reduction of the analyzed samples. Further analysis with XPS confirmed the presence of both metallic and oxidized iron, which is to be expected when a metallic surface is analyzed. Small amounts of oxidized chromium was detected and no metallic chromium was found. However, this method only analyzes the topmost 5-10 nm. Consequently, it is possible that the chemistry of the layer is different further down in the sample, as indicated by the XRD analysis where no oxides were detected. It was found that a large cathodic current (−15 A) and long reduction times (5 h) were the most successful, as this resulted in thicker and more uniform layers with a higher content of chromium. ICP-MS results revealed that the chemical method used for purification, employing high purity Ni(OH)2 for absorption of iron, was significantly successful in the removal of iron down to almost 1 %. However, the method increased the nickel content in the electrolyte, which is unwanted
Multi-View Ground-Based Cloud Recognition by Transferring Deep Visual Information

Since cloud images captured from different views possess extreme variations, multi-view ground-based cloud recognition is a very challenging task. In this paper, a study of view shift is presented in this field. We focus both on designing proper feature representation and learning distance metrics from sample pairs. Correspondingly, we propose transfer deep local binary patterns (TDLBP) and weighted metric learning (WML). On one hand, to deal with view shift, like variations of illuminations, locations, resolutions and occlusions, we first utilize cloud images to train a convolutional neural network (CNN), and then extract local features from the part summing maps (PSMs) based on feature maps. Finally, we maximize the occurrences of regions for the final feature representation. On the other hand, the number of cloud images in each category varies greatly, leading to the unbalanced similar pairs. Hence, we propose a weighted strategy for metric learning. We validate the proposed method on three cloud datasets (the MOC_e, IAP_e, and CAMS_e) that are collected by different meteorological organizations in China, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
MECP2 Mutations in People without Rett Syndrome

Mutations in Methyl-CpG-Binding protein 2 ( MECP2 ) are commonly associated with and the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). However, some people with RTT do not have mutations in MECP2 , and interestingly there have been people identified with MECP2 mutations that do not have the clinical features of RTT. In this report we present four people with neurodevelopmental abnormalities and clear RTT-disease causing MECP2 mutation but lacking the characteristic clinical features of RTT. One patient's symptoms suggest an extension of the known spectrum of MECP2 associated phenotypes to include Global Developmental Delay (GDD) with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These results furthermore reemphasize that RTT should remain a clinical diagnosis, based on the recent refurbished consensus criteria.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE USE OF ERA RABIES VACCINE IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS*

THE GROWTH of a strain of rabies virus (ERA) and preliminary studies on its use as an attenuated vaccine for domestic ani- mals have been reported (1, 2). Further trials have been completed, and they are outlined in this article. ABSTRACT Alexander-Jackson, E. (1966). Mycoplasina (PPLO) isolated from Rous sarcoma virus. -Growth 30, 199-228. A highly pleomorphic, Gram variable, intermittently acid-fast organism with a PPLO-like L phase was isolated consis-tently over a period of years from the blood and tumours of chickens infected with Rous virus, and also from samples of partially purified Rous virus obtained from several sources. It was haemolytic, pathogenic for chickens, and when freshly isolated and motile, was lethal for chick embryos and mice. It produced a disease similar to that caused by Rous virus, characterized by haemorrhages, necrotic abscesses, tumours or cysts with fluid, and abnormality of blood cells including intra-nuclear changes. Protection tests revealed cross-protection against Rous virus and Rous bacterial isolate by their respective antisera. Chickens vaccinated against the Rous bacterial isolate were protected against challenge with live Rous virus. Antiserum against a known strain of PPLO likewise protected chick embryos against Rous virus, and agglutinated Rous bac- terial isolate. Other evidence was presented in support of the hypothesis that Rous virus, mycoplasma (PPLO), and Rous bacterial isolate were three phases of one specific type of pleomorphic organism be- longing under the Order Actinomycetales, related to both the mycobacteria and the corynebacteria, and whose ultimate group classification awaits further biochemical and molecular chemical study.
Tobacco Smoking Using a Waterpipe (Hookah): What You Need to Know

Smoking tobacco using a waterpipe (hookah) is increasing worldwide and is remarkably common among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Contrary to misperceptions that waterpipe tobacco smoking presents fewer health risks than cigarette smoking, recent data demonstrate clearly that the smoke from a waterpipe contains many of the same toxicants that are in cigarettes, including the dependence-producing drug nicotine, cancer-causing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pulmonary disease–causing volatile aldehydes, and cardiovascular disease–causing carbon monoxide that can also lead to acute intoxication in waterpipe users. Because many anesthesia providers are likely treating waterpipe tobacco smokers, the goal of this AANA Journal Course is to describe a waterpipe, who uses a waterpipe to smoke tobacco, and the toxicants found in waterpipe smoke and waterpipe smokers. Based on available evidence, there is no indication that waterpipe tobacco smoking is any less risky to patient health than cigarette smoking. Anesthesia providers should begin to assess patients for this form of tobacco use explicitly and should consider addressing it as they do cigarette smoking, with the additional precaution of presurgery carboxyhemoglobin measurement.
Expression of the VLA (31 Integrin Family in Bladder Cancer

Integrins are a family of transmembrane bet-erodimers, many of which function as receptors for extracelular matrix molecules and play a role in adherence to and motility on matrix components. Because of thesefunctions, integrins are suspected of participating in metastatic pro-cesses. We investigated the expression of j31 integrins in human bladder cancer ceU lines and tissues. Expression of 131 integrins on cultured bladder cancer ceU lines was evaluated by flow cytometry, of 8 ceU lines tested, a1 was found in 4, a2 and a3 in aU 8, cr4 in 1, and ac5 in 3. These results were in sharp contrast to the expression detected by immunostaining tissues containing normal urothelium and low stage (noninvasive) and high stage (invasive) bladder cancers. AU normal urothelial tissues tested expressed ac2 and a3 and none expressed or, ac4, or ac5. Simi-larly, a majority (77%/) oflow stage (noninvasive) bladder cancers stained positively for cr3, whereas only 6 of 13 expressed ac2 and none expressed cr1, ac4, or ac5. Among invasive bladder cancers, crl was detected in 7%, ac2 in 24%, cr3 in 68%, a5 in 10%, and ac4 was not found in any samples. These results indicate that integrin expression in cultured human bladder cancer cell lines does not represent expression observed in tissue samples and may reflect adaption to or selection during tissue culture conditions. A progressive loss of cr2 expression is seenfrom normal urothelial ceUs through invasive bladder cancers. This loss may contribute to an invasive phenotype
Enzyme-speciﬁc proﬁles for genome annotation: PRIAM

The advent of fully sequenced genomes opens the ground for the reconstruction of metabolic pathways on the basis of the identiﬁcation of enzyme-coding genes. Here we describe PRIAM, a method for automated enzyme detection in a fully sequenced genome, based on the classiﬁcation of enzymes in the ENZYME database. PRIAM relies on sets of position-speciﬁc scoring matrices (‘proﬁles’) automatically tailored for each ENZYME entry. Automatically generated logical rules deﬁne which of these proﬁles is required in order to infer the presence of the corresponding enzyme in an organism. As an example, PRIAM was applied to identify potential metabolic pathways from the complete genome of the nitrogen-ﬁxing bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti . The results of this automated method were compared with the original genome annotation and visualised on KEGG graphs in order to facilitate the interpretation of metabolic pathways and to highlight potentially missing enzymes.
Rapid Communication Transforming Growth Factors 1 and 2 Are Differentially Expressed in Fibrotic Liver Disease

Transforming growth factor (TGF) PI3 has been implicated in the control of hepatocyte growth and stimulation of extracellular matrix synthesis in acute and chronic liver disease. The cellular localization of transforming growth factor (TGF) 131 and 12 RNA transcripts was determined in normal and fibrotic liver by in situ hybridization with 135S]-labeled RNA probes in combination with immunostaining for cell type characteristic markers. Fibrotic specimens were from patients with hepatitis B virus infection or alcohol abuse and rats with fibrosis secondary to bile duct ligation and scission. In normal liver, low levels of TGF13I transcripts were found in some portal tract stromal cells, and TGFP2 RNA was not detectable. In fibrotic liver, high TGFJ I RNA levels were present in most mesenchymal liver cells, in most inflammatory cells, and in few bile duct epithelial cells. Hepatocytes did not express this cytokine with the exception offew limiting plate hepatocytes in cases of human cirrhosis with high activity. TGFP2 transcripts were detected at high levels in proliferating bile ducts offibrotic livers but were absent in all other cell types. TGF13I expression in the liver is thus a function predominantly of mononuclear and mesenchymal cells as well as of some hepatocytes whereas TGF12 expression is a specific property of bile duct epithelial cells that may be related
A passive optical fibre hydrophone array utilising fibre Bragg grating sensors

Many current high performance hydrophones use piezo-electric technology to measure sound pressure in water. These hydrophones are sensitive enough to detect any sound above the lowest ambient ocean acoustic noise, however cost of manufacture, weight and storage volume of the array as well as deployment and maintenance costs can limit their largescale application. Piezo-electric systems also have issues with electro-magnetic interference and the signature of the electrical cabling required in a large array. A fibre optic hydrophone array has advantages over the piezo-electric technology in these areas. This paper presents the operating principle of a passive optical fibre hydrophone array utilising Fibre Bragg Gratings (FBGs). The multiple FBG sensors are interrogated using a single solid state spectrometer which further reduces the cost of the deployed system. A noise equivalent power (NEP) comparison of the developed FBG hydrophone versus an existing piezo-electric hydrophone is presented as well as a comparison to the lowest ambient ocean acoustic noise (sea state zero). This research provides an important first step towards a cost effective multi sensor hydrophone array using FBGs.
Channel catfish soluble Fc μ R binds conserved linear epitopes present on C μ 3 and C μ 4

A linear epitope on catfish IgM has been identified as the docking site for the catfish soluble Fc μ R (IpFcRI). Western blot analyses and latex bead binding assays identified the consensus octapeptide motif FxCxVxHE located at the second cysteine that forms the intrachain disulfide bond of the catfish C μ 3 and C μ 4 immunolglobulin (Ig) domains as the IpFcRI binding sites. Furthermore, molecular modeling of catfish C μ 3 and C μ 4 confirmed that the octapeptide in both of these domains is accessible for IpFcRI interactions. In addition, since this octapeptide motif is also found in other vertebrate Ig domains, IpFcRI binding to Ig heavy (H) and light (L) chains from rainbow trout, chicken, mouse, rabbit, and goat were examined by Western blot analyses and latex bead binding assays. IpFcRI readily bound reduced rainbow trout (Ig μ ), chicken (Ig ν ), mouse (Ig μ , Ig γ 1, Ig γ 2a, Ig γ 2b, and Ig α ), rabbit (Ig μ and Ig γ ) and goat (Ig γ ) IgH chains, and mouse Ig κ and Ig λ , and chicken Ig λ IgL chains. IpFcRI also bound mouse IgM, IgA and IgG subclasses when examined under native conditions.
Current Market Top Business Scopes Trend—A Concurrent Text and Time Series Active Learning Study of NASDAQ and NYSE Stocks from 2012 to 2017

As information technologies evolve, it has become necessary to examine the changes which have taken place in the top business scopes for both investors and entrepreneurs. To provide an understanding for the trends of the top business scopes in the current market, this article conducts a concurrent text and time series methodology to analyze the stocks in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ) from 2012 to 2017. There is evidence that artificial intelligence and blockchains gained increasing importance for companies during that period. The authors contend that their findings in this paper question the status quo of promising business scopes for companies in the U.S. market.
Review of CO 2 as a Euthanasia Agent for Laboratory Rats and Mice

Selecting an appropriate, effective euthanasia agent is controversial. Several recent publications provide clarity on the use of CO 2 in laboratory rats and mice. This review examines previous studies on CO 2 euthanasia and presents the current body of knowledge on the subject. Potential areas for further investigation and recommendations are provided.
Gene x gene Interactio in Shared Etiology of Autism and Specific Language Impairment

Background— To examine the relationship between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specific language impairment (SLI), family studies typically take a comparative approach where families with one disease are examined for traits of the other disease. In contrast, the present report is the first study with both disorders required to be present in each family to provide a more direct test of the hypothesis of shared genetic etiology. Methods— We behaviorally assessed fifty-one families including at least one person with ASD and at least one person with SLI (without ASD). Pedigree members were tested using 22 standardized measures of language and intelligence. Since these extended families include a non-shared environmental contrast, we calculated heritability, not just familiality, for each measure twice: 1) baseline heritability analysis compared to 2) heritability estimates after statistically removing ASD subjects from pedigrees. Results— Significant increases in heritability on four supra-linguistic measures (including Pragmatic Judgment) and a composite language score, but not on any other measures, were observed when removing ASD subjects from the analysis indicating differential genetic effects that are unique to ASD. Non-genetic explanations such as effects of ASD severity or measurement error or low score variability in ASD subjects were systematically ruled out, leaving the hypothesis of non-additive genetics effects as the potential source of the heritability change caused by ASD. Conclusions— While the data suggest genetic risk factors common to both SLI and ASD, there are effects that appear unique to ASD, possibly caused by non-additive gene-gene interactions of shared risk loci. hallmark deficits of SLI and ASD are on different axes. Persons with SLI (low structural language) will display the full range of social language ability and persons with ASD (low social language ability) will display the full range structural language. Some overlap of SLI and ASD is inevitable in this bivariate system but not productively considered shared etiology, as the two dimensions may be independent. If SLI and ASD were unrelated, the prevalence of one estimated from a sample ascertained for the other would match the population estimate. Two such studies have been reported where families ascertained for SLI were examined for cases of ASD. The prevalence of autism was estimated to be 2.5 and 4.3 times higher than the prevalence in the general population (4). These studies, though limited in sample size, indicate that SLI and ASD are not independent.
Yeast and Fungal Morphogenesis: Evolution of Morphologic Diversity

Cellular morphogenesis is a complex process and molecular studies in the last few decades have amassed a large amount of information that is difficult to grasp in any completeness. Fungal systems, in particular the budding and fission yeasts, have been important players in unravelling the basic structural and regulatory elements involved in a wide array of cellular processes. In this article, we address the design principles underlying the various processes of yeast and fungal morphogenesis. We attempt to explain the apparent molecular complexity from the perspective of the evolutionary theory of “facilitated variation”. Following a summary of some of the most studied morphogenetic phenomena, we discuss, using recent examples, the underlying core processes and their associated “weak” regulatory linkages that bring about variation in morphogenetic phenotypes.
Fully Integrated CMOS-compatible mode-locked lasers

The field of integrated photonics has already revolutionized optical communications and is making rapid advances in signal processing, light detection and ranging, optical sensing, bio-medical diagnostics and imaging, and military-related applications. Large and complex radio-frequency and optical systems could be potentially replaced with compact, power-efficient, alignment-free, cost-effectively mass-produced integrated photonics components. An on-chip high repetition-rate mode-locked laser is a key enabler of many integrated photonics applications, such as all-optical sampling, on-chip frequency combs, low phase noise microwave oscillators, photonic ADCs and others. First-ever fully-integrated on-chip mode-locked lasers are demonstrated in this work, fabricated using a CMOS-compatible process. The lasers have no off-chip elements other than the pump laser, which could be easily co-packaged. 1900nm and 1550nm lasers are designed, fabricated and characterized. For 1900nm central wavelength lasers, several different laser configurations are demonstrated, with repetition rates of 690MHz and 1.2GHz. Q-switched, Q-switch-mode-locked, and CW mode-locked laser operation was demonstrated, with the shortest pulse durations of 250fs. The smallest foot-print of one laser is 23.6mm ×0.78mm×0.6mm. In addition, first-ever fully-on-chip CMOS-compatible mode-locking element based on Kerr nonlinearity is demonstrated for 1550nm and 1900nm laser wavelengths. Demonstrated modulation depths for 1900nm and 1550nm mode-locking devices are 9% and 2.5% respectively. The work in this thesis presents the first-ever demonstration of fully-onchip CMOS compatible mode-locking device, as well as first-ever CMOS-compatible mode-locked lasers with no off-chip components. Thesis Supervisor: Erich P. Ippen Title: Elihu Thomson Professor of Electrical Engineering Professor of Physics
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms: The molecular constitutions of catenarin and erythroglaucin, metabolic products respectively of Helminthosporium catenarium Drechsler and of species in the Aspergillus glaucus series.

The occurrence of a crystalline, ether-soluble, nitrogenous compound in the mycelium of Penicillium griseo-fulvum Dierckx, grown on synthetic media, has previously been mentioned in several studies from this laboratory on the metabolic products of this mould. The compound was first encountered by on isolation 6-methylsalicylic acid. It
Muscular strength and endurance tests: reliability and prediction of one repetition maximum - Review and new evidences

Intra-tester reliability is fundamental in determining the quality of data collected in research. Few controlled studies have reported the reliab ility of strength tests and, in spite of most published studies reporting it to be good (0.79 to 0.99), differences between test and retest are observed to be statistically significant. Thus, for research purposes, it is suggested that values should be taken from a second test, at least, so that changes in strength may be attributed to treatment effect and not simply to adaptation to the test protocol. The relationships between maximum strength tests and submaximal tests or anthropometric variables have been investigated in order to predict maximal strength without submitting subjects to a maximal load test, so as to avoid the risk of injury. Maximal load, or a percentage of it, is commonly used to better prescribe training. Prediction of one repetition maximum (1RM) from submaximal tests seems to be good (in general, correlation coefficients > 0.90), although studies have mostly failed to cross-validate prediction equations. Thus, care should be taken especially in relation to specificity of the population, of the exercise, and performance technique when developing and applying these equations. Anthropometric variables have not proven to be good predictors of 1RM. The number of repetitions for a given % of 1RM is different for different