Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building change detection from multitemporal airborne LiDAR data: assessment of different approaches

Abstract. Building change detection is an important task in urban applications. In the last decades, airborne LiDAR data have been explored, aiming at automatic or semi-automatic detection of different entities or objects. We show a comparative analysis considering three methods: two previously developed by the authors (called M1 and M2) and another based on the results derived from an open-source software (M3). The first developed method (M1) explores the height entropy concept and is based on threshold empirically determined to separate building and vegetation changes. The second method (M2) considers the planarity attribute and the Otsu algorithm to automatically separate the classes. The main purpose is to highlight differences among the methods, as well as discuss advantages and disadvantages considering a real scene, in which buildings with at least 20 m2 were considered. To perform the comparative analysis, qualitative and quantitative evaluation were conducted considering a study area located in the city of Presidente Prudente, Brazil. In the experiments, two airborne LiDAR datasets were used, acquired in 2012 and 2014. The results indicate the potential of methods M1 and M2, presenting Fscore around 80% and 83%, respectively. In contrast, the method M3 presented a Fscore around 50%.
ANALYZING SENTIMENTS IN PRODUCT REVIEWS

With the vast increase in the utilization of internet in today's era a similar increase has been seen in the use of blog's,reviews etc. The person who actually uses these reviews or blog's is mostly a consumer or a manufacturer. As most of the customers of the world are buying & selling product on line so it becomes company's responsibility to make their product updated. In the current scenario companies are taking product reviews from the customers and on the basis of product reviews they are able to know in which they are lacking or strong this can be accomplished with the help of sentiment analysis. As Opinions Play important role in the process of knowledge discovery or information retrieval and can be considered as a sub discipline of Data Mining . In this research effort we demonstrate a technique which is based on rules where product reviews are extracted from review containing sites and analyze them so that a person may know whether a particular product review is positive or negative or neutral. The system will utilize a existing knowledge base for calculate positive and negative scores and on the basis of that decide whether a product is recommended or not.
Use, Abuse, and Associated Impacts of Alcohol on Health and Crimes in Nepal

Alcohol is a socially acceptable and widely available drink in most countries. Its excessive consumption is linked to various health issues, increase in crime rate and even loss of life. This puts heavy strain in low-income countries like Nepal where full medical facilities are still out of reach for most of the population. Therefore, in this article, we have provided an overview of (i) the effect of alcohol on public health; (ii) trend data on alcohol seizures; (iii) alcohol (including methanol) positive forensic cases; and (iv) other alcohol associated crimes. Our analysis is drawn from a range of data types and sources, triangulating the collected data with alcohol specific academic and grey literature, a survey with students and insights from stakeholder engagements in Nepal. We have shown that alcohol has been associated with a range of health-related issues and crime types in Nepal. For example, alcohol was the most mentioned compound in the student survey (50.7%; n=418) followed by other drugs in Drugs Facilitated Sexual Assault cases. We have also discussed issues with adulteration, surrogates and sub-standard alcohol, highlighting the need for strict monitoring, regulations and extra vigilance about quality control of alcohol in circulation. This should be supported by public awareness campaigns on the use, abuse and impacts of alcohol.
Contact Area Effects on Discomfort

Most “ergonomic” products attempt to adopt a uniform force distribution strategy to improve comfort. The rationale being that force distribution over a large area reduces pressure and thereby enhances user comfort. However, sensory literature alludes to the concept of spatial summation, i.e. greater sensation by stimulating a larger surface area. Hence spatial summation would tend to suggest a greater discomfort when forces are applied over large surface areas. This study reports the effect of surface area on maximum discomfort causing pressure or maximum pressure tolerance (MPT). Two circular probes of different cross sectional area were used to stimulate the skin surface. The mean MPT with a probe of 5mm diameter was 3.3 times higher than the MPT with a probe of 13mm diameter. These findings suggest the following: • Perceived discomfort and contact area seem to have a “U-relationship” above a critical force value. Traditional thinking of distributing forces is successful only in the first half of the U-curve or with forces below the critical value. The section with the monotonically increasing relationship between discomfort and contact area (i.e., second half of U) may not be seen at very low forces or forces below the critical value. • “High” pressures in concentrated areas may cause less discomfort than “moderate” pressures over a larger area. • The critical or threshold pressure to induce discomfort is force and contact area dependent.
Improve Hamming character difference based-on derivative lexical similarity and right space padding

Hamming character difference represents one of the most common problems that can be occurred when students try to answer questions of fill in the gaps that need mostly to one word as the answer. To improve the evaluation of the student answer using Hamming distance, our proposed Hamming model tried to solve the drawbacks of the standard Hamming model by applying a stemming approach to achieve derivative lexical similarity and applying right space padding to deal with unequal lengths of the texts.
The effect of carvacrol on respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model: caution in the use of herbal medicines

Background and Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, and the elderly. Due to a lack of effective anti-viral drugs or vaccines, using an immunomodulatory strategy is probably the best option to decrease the burden of RSV disease. Here, we studied carvacrol as a known immunomodulator on RSV infection outcome in a mice model. Materials and Methods: Balb/c mice were infected by intranasal inoculation of RSV-A2, and treatment started daily 24 h after infection. Mice were sacrificed on day five after infection and experimental analyses were performed to study airway immune cell influx, CD4 and CD8 subtypes, cytokine/chemokine secretion, lung histopathology, and viral load. Results: Results showed that using carvacrol enhanced immune cell influx, cytokine/chemokine production, and virus titer, and aggravated lung pathology. Our result showed that carvacrol administration increased viral titer compared to the RSVPBS group. Also, carvacrol significantly induced IFN-γ production and did not induce IL-10 production. Besides, carvacrol non-significantly increased lymphocytes and monocytes count but did not affect the neutrophil count. Conclusion: Carvacrol at the concentration of 80 (mg/kg) did not show immunomodulatory activity to alleviate the RSV infection outcome. Further research is needed to uncover the effects of the carvacrol intervention on virus replication and immune responses following RSV infection. Many herbal remedies in use contain carvacrol. However, the use of herbal remedies to treat viral respiratory infections such as RSV has to be performed with caution.
Advancements in design of an autonomous satellite docking system

The past five years has witnessed a significant increase in the attention given to on-orbit satellite docking and servicing. Recent world events have proven how we have come to rely on our space assets, especially during times of crisis. It has become abundantly clear that the ability to autonomously rendezvous, dock, inspect and service both military and civilian assets is no longer a nicety, but a necessity. Reconnaissance and communications satellites, even the space shuttle and International Space Station, could benefit from this capability. Michigan Aerospace Corporation, with funding from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), has been refining a compact, light, compliant soft-docking system. Earlier prototypes have been tested on the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) flat-floor as well as on the Johnson Space Flight Center (JSC) KC-135 micro-gravity aircraft. Over the past year, refinements have been made to the mechanism based on the lessons learned from these tests. This paper discusses the optimal design that has resulted.
Effective framework to tackle urban unemployment by e-government: an IoT solution for smart/metro cities in developing nation

Purpose With the advancement in technology, the day-to-day life of people has gone through an immense transformation. The use of smart devices for day-to-day life is greater than before, and people are moving towards smart work rather than doing hard work. In this paper, a novel framework is proposed named Online Service Provider in Metro City (OSPMC) for IoT. The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical framework for the E-Government in order to sustain or minimize the unemployment rate. Design/methodology/approach The utilization of the Web in the upcoming years would create further opportunities for smart work. Internet of Things (IoT) plays an essential part in a system of multiple networks that aims to connect all things in the world that are capable of being connected through the internet. OSPMC framework can be developed on ASP.NET through (visual C#) 3.0 and Microsoft SQL Server with frontend and backend languages, respectively, under a web-based environment built on . Net platform. This lucrative facility is available mainly for the people living in the smart city. Findings Rural people are coming to smart cities in search of jobs, better education and a healthy lifestyle. India is also coping up with the modern world. The Government of India has taken an initiative for the making of 100 smart cities where the residents are relied upon to use Information and Communication Technology with the assistance of Web. Social implications OSPMC promises to eliminate multiple evils like social injustice, crime, unemployment, tax fraud and would promote women empowerment. Also, provide opportunities to start-ups in order to grow and enhance their skill work. Originality/value The objective of OSPMC can be found useful for opening new job opportunities for urban/rural people while also encouraging people to learn skill work. For smart cities’ success in developing nations, it is important to recognize the elements influencing it. The motivation behind OSPMC is to identify those variables influencing the successful usage of allowing IoT in the smart cities by E-Government of India and to use IoT to help urban smart cities.
A new single phase AC to DC harmonic reduction converter based on the voltage-doubler circuit

Modern power electronic equipment that use switch-mode technology are major sources of harmonic currents. Several methods of power factor improvement through harmonic elimination have been developed that use high frequency switches to actively shape the input current. In this paper, a single-phase harmonic reduction circuit based on the voltage-doubler circuit is presented that uses a switch operated on line-frequency. Significant reduction of the total harmonic distortion of the power supply current is achieved with the proposed method. Theoretical, simulation and laboratory waveforms of the input current and its harmonic components are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed circuit are outlined. <<ETX>>
Understanding plant-pathogen interactions in Septoria tritici blotch infection of cereals

Zymoseptoria is a major fungal pathogen of wheat, responsible for the Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) disease. Recently, STB has been the subject of intensive molecular studies. Notably, massive transcriptomic analyses have helped to explore this particular bi-phasic (asymptomatic/necrotrophic) infection process. Cytological analyses have also improved our understanding of the asymptomatic phase. These advances suggest that Zymoseptoria behaves as a hemi-biotrophic fungus, acting like an endophyte during its asymptomatic phase. STB is still difficult to control. The emergence of fungicide-resistant isolates has reduced the efficacy of many fungicides requiring the development of novel fungicides and methods to counteract/reduce fungicide resistance. Likewise, because Stb-resistant wheat cultivars have all been successively defeated by virulent isolates, there is a need to identify new resistance genes in wheat, and to develop better disease resistance management methods (pyramiding, mixture/alternation) to sustainably control this pathogen.
Simulation of concrete slump using neural networks

In this study, an artificial neural network-based modelling system was established to explore the feasibility of predicting the slump of concrete. Computational simulation of concrete slump was performed using the trained neural network. The variation in concrete slump was achieved by varying combinations of factors like the water-to-binder ratio (w/b), superplasticiser-to-binder ratio (SP/B), and water content. From the graphs of water content plotted against the slump generated using the trained neural networks developed in this study, two sets of graphs were produced to explore the effects of w/b and SP/B. It was found that: (a) the use of neural networks for the modelling of concrete slump appeared very promising; (b) although the water content and SP/B ratio were kept constant, a change in w/b ratio had a distinct effect on the consistency properties; (c) a certain saturation level for the SP existed, above which only a small effect of further dispersion was obtained; and (d) a certain saturation lev.
Patches driver on the quasi-Yagi antenna: analyses of bandwidth and radiation pattern

This work presents the optimization of a broadband uniplanar quasi-Yagi antenna at 2.2 GHz and a novel structure, called the quasi-Yagi patch antenna, based on patches instead of a dipole as driver element. This center frequency was chosen due to wideband characteristic of the quasi-Yagi antenna to allow its operation at 1.9 GHz, GSM-USA standard, as well 2.4-2.5 GHz, 802.11 b WLAN and Bluetooth. The simulation results were obtained using FDTD (finite difference time domain method), due to great accuracy in calculating return loss, and radiation pattern. The return loss measurements indicate that the novel design is suitable for wireless communications.
Navigation Tasks in Desktop VR Environments to Improve the Spatial Orientation Skill of Building Engineers

Virtual reality is a powerful tool for teaching 3D digital technologies in building engineering, as it facilitates the spatial perception of three-dimensional space. Spatial orientation skill is necessary for understanding 3D space. With VR, users navigate through virtually designed buildings and must be constantly aware of their position relative to other elements of the environment (orientation during navigation). In the present study, 25 building engineering students performed navigation tasks in a desktop-VR environment workshop. Performance of students using the desktop-VR was compared to a previous workshop in which navigation tasks were carried out using head-mounted displays. The Perspective Taking/Spatial Orientation Test measured spatial orientation skill. A questionnaire on user experience in the virtual environment was also administered. The gain in spatial orientation skill was 12.62%, similar to that obtained with head-mounted displays (14.23%). The desktop VR environment is an alternative to the HMD-VR environment for planning strategies to improve spatial orientation. Results from the user-experience questionnaire showed that the desktop VR environment strategy was well perceived by students in terms of interaction, 3D visualization, navigation, and sense of presence. Unlike in the HDM VR environment, student in the desktop VR environment did not report feelings of fatigue or dizziness.
Understanding Traffic Signs by an Intelligent Advanced Driving Assistance System for Smart Vehicles

: Recent technologies have made life smarter. vehicles are vital components in daily life that are getting smarter for a safer environment. Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) are widely used in today's vehicles. It has been a revolutionary approach to make roads safer by assist-ing the driver in difficult situations like collusion, or assistance in respecting road rules. ADAS is composed of a huge number of sensors and processing units to provide a complete overview of the surrounding objects to the driver. In this paper, we introduce a road signs classifier for an ADAS to recognize and understand traffic signs. This classifier is based on a deep learning technique, and, in particular, it uses Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The proposed approach is composed of two stages. The first stage is a data preprocessing technique to filter and enhance the quality of the input images to reduce the processing time and improve the recognition accuracy. The second stage is a convolutional CNN model with a skip connection that allows passing semantic features to the top of the network in order to allow for better recognition of traffic signs. Experiments have proved the performance of the CNN model for traffic sign classification with a correct recognition rate of 99.75% on the German traffic sign recognition benchmark GTSRB dataset.
Vitamin D Actions: The Lung Is a Major Target for Vitamin D, FGF23, and Klotho

Vitamin D is well known for its role as a calcium regulator and in maintenance of phosphate homeostasis in musculoskeletal health, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and its coreceptor α‐klotho are known for their roles as regulators of serum phosphate levels. However, apart from these classical actions, recent data point out a relevant role of vitamin D and FGF23/klotho in lung health. The expression of the vitamin D receptor by different cell types in the lung and the fact that those cells respond to vitamin D or can locally produce vitamin D indicate that the lung represents a target for vitamin D actions. Similarly, the presence of the four FGF receptor isoforms in the lung and the ability of FGF23 to stimulate pulmonary cells support the concept that the lung is a target for FGF23 actions, whereas the contribution of klotho is still undetermined. This review will give an overview on how vitamin D or FGF23/klotho may act on the lung and interfere positively or negatively with lung health. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
An Experimental Investigation of Preview Control

There is mounting theoretical evidence to suggest that preview control can be of substantial benefit to a semi-active suspension for random road inputs. In this paper, the benefits of wheel-base preview control are measured experimentally, using a prototype semi-active damper in a half-car ‘Hardware-in-the-loop’ (HiL) rig with a planar two-axle heavy vehicle model. The benefits of preview control using the prototype semi-active damper are found to be less than theoretically possible, due to the phase lag between the demanded and achieved damping force. It is shown that the performance of the prototype damper can be improved significantly by having a theoretical simulation running ahead of the HiL vehicle. The theoretical simulation is used to predict the demanded damper force for the HiL vehicle, and thereby compensate for the phase lag in the prototype damper.
Potensi Pengembangan Industri Biomassa Wood Pellet di Indonesia dengan Analisis BCG dan SWOT

Energy needs in Indonesia tend to increase from year to year due to population growth and economic growth. This is a challenge for national energy security to be able to balance the amount of supply with the amount of demand (it is estimated that demand in 2035 will be three times higher than the current demand). Biomass is an environmentally friendly fuel that can be used as a substitute for fossil fuels to reduce global warming. Indonesia is believed to have the potential to become one of the main players in the world wood pellet industry. However, Indonesia's wood pellet production is still relatively small, which is around 80,000 tons per year. Therefore, it is important to dig deeper. To analyze the potentials associated with the Wood Pellet Biomass Industry in Indonesia, two methods can be used, namely BCG analysis and SWOT analysis. From the BCG analysis, it is found that Indonesia is in the Question Mark position for the wood pellet industry, with the value of market growth rate, and relative market share of 87.2270943% and 0.08756403 respectively. Thus, the most suitable SWOT strategy to be applied to the Question Mark position is the SO (Strength-Opportunity) strategy, namely; maximizing the natural resources owned, starting from the availability of land and the availability of existing plants to meet national energy and international markets, as well as supporting the Paris protocol policy
Digital Reconstruction of Demolished Architectural Masterpieces, 3D Modeling, and Animation:The Case Study of Turin Horse Racing by Mollino

This chapter reviews methods and techniques of digital reconstruction of disappeared architectural masterpieces. Through the overview of theoretical positions are explored heuristic values and communicative potentials of three-dimensional reconstruction, and prerogatives of animation in the interaction with three-dimensional data. Different critical approaches related to the architectures remained on paper are then brought to light. The examination of several case studies, also personally conducted, is extended to unbuilt architectures and minor architectures subject to demolition or transformation in order to highlight the different strategies used for the preservation of the memory of such heritage. Finally, the case study of Turin Horse-Racing Society Building by Carlo Mollino is extensively presented through the analysis of contemporary critical bibliography concerning the project, a description of archival sources and illustration of methods and techniques of the digital reconstruction