Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
produc-Evaluation of a Brix refractometer to estimate serum immunoglobulin G concentration in neonatal dairy calves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a digital Brix refractometer for the assessment of success of passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin compared with the measurement of serum total protein (STP) by refractometry. Blood samples (n = 400) were collected from calves at 3 to 6 d of age. Serum IgG concentration was determined by radial immunodif-fusion (RID), and STP and percentage Brix (%Brix) were determined using a digital refractometer. The mean IgG concentration was 24.1 g/L [standard deviation (SD) ± 10.0] with a range from 2.1 to 59.1 g/L. The mean STP concentration was 6.0 g/dL (SD ± 0.8) with a range from 4.4 to 8.8 g/dL. The mean %Brix concentration was 9.2% (SD ± 0.9) with a range of 7.3 to 12.4%. Brix percentage was highly correlated with IgG (r = 0.93). Test characteristics were calculated to assess failure of passive transfer (FPT; serum IgG <10 g/L). The sensitivity and specificity of STP at 5.5 g/dL were 76.3 and 94.4%, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve was created to plot the true positive rate against the false positive rate for consecutive %Brix values. The optimal combination of sensitivity (88.9%) and specificity (88.9%) was at 8.4% Brix. Serum total protein was also positively correlated with %Brix (r = 1.00) and IgG (r = 0.93). Dairy producers can successfully monitor their colostrum management and the overall success of passive transfer using a digital Brix refractometer to estimate IgG concentration of colostrum and calf serum.
and Stent Placement Hyperperfusion after Carotid Angioplasty Factors Predictive of Cerebral

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome has been increasingly reported as a complication of carotid angioplasty and stent placement. The aim of the present study was to determine significant predictors of hyperperfusion phenomenon after carotid angioplasty and stent placement. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 30 consecutive patients with unilateral severe carotid stenosis who underwent angioplasty and stent placement. Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vasoreactivity (CVR) to acetazolamide challenge were quantitatively measured to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic reserve. Split-dose [ 123 I] iodoamphetamine single photon emission CT (SPECT) was performed before and 7 days after carotid angioplasty and stent placement. Technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) SPECT was performed immediately after the procedure. RESULTS: Three patients had cerebral hyperperfusion phenomenon immediately after angioplasty and stent placement, as shown by HMPAO SPECT: One developed status epilepticus 2 weeks after the procedure. Significant predictors of hyperperfusion included patient age, pretreatment CVR, and pretreatment asymmetry index ([ipsilateral resting CBF/contralateral resting CBF] (cid:1) 100). Variables determined not to be significant risk factors included pretreatment resting CBF value, degree of carotid stenosis, and interval from the onset of ischemic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Significant predictors of hyperperfusion phenomenon after carotid angioplasty and stent placement included patient age, pretreatment CVR, and pretreatment asymmetry index. Pretreatment CBF measurements, including those obtained by quantifying CVR and performing SPECT immediately after the procedure may aid in identifying patients at risk and in initiating careful monitoring and control of blood pressure to prevent hyperperfusion syndrome.
Incremental Detection of Inconsistencies in Distributed Data

This paper investigates the problem of incremental detection of errors in distributed data. Given a distributed database D, a set \Sigma of conditional functional dependencies (CFDs), the set V of violations of the CFDs in D, and updates \Delta D to D, it is to find, with minimum data shipment, changes \Delta V to V in response to \Delta D. The need for the study is evident since real-life data is often dirty, distributed and is frequently updated. It is often prohibitively expensive to recompute the entire set of violations when D is updated. We show that the incremental detection problem is NP-complete for D partitioned either vertically or horizontally, even when \Sigma and D are fixed. Nevertheless, we show that it is bounded and better still, actually optimal: there exist algorithms to detect errors such that their computational cost and data shipment are both linear in the size of \Delta D and \Delta V, independent of the size of the database D. We provide such incremental algorithms for vertically partitioned data, and show that the algorithms are optimal. We further propose optimization techniques for the incremental algorithm over vertical partitions to reduce data shipment. We verify experimentally, using real-life data on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), that our algorithms substantially outperform their batch counterparts even when \Delta V is reasonably large.
CMOS image sensors: Electronic camera-on-a-chip

CMOS active pixel sensors (APS) have performance competitive with charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, and offer advantages in on-chip functionality, system power reduction, cost, and miniaturization. This paper discusses the requirements for CMOS image sensors and their historical development, CMOS devices and circuits for pixels, analog signal chain, and on-chip analog-to-digital conversion are reviewed and discussed.
A Just Resembling Translations of Feed Forward and Back Propagation Neural networks

—We proposed an approach which can maintain its originality by quantifying principles components towards generated errors and rectifying this errors by retrieved language encryption or translations of traditional neural networks which re-sembles our approach. Even though proposed method resembles traditional neural networks, our concepts towards translations varies from one to other person according to his/her perceptions or behaviour based on human visualisation characteristics.
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Recursive Arrival Problem

We study an extension of the Arrival problem, called Recursive Arrival , inspired by Recursive State Machines, which allows for a family of switching graphs that can call each other in a recursive way. We study the computational complexity of deciding whether a Recursive Arrival instance terminates at a given target vertex. We show this problem is contained in NP ∩ coNP , and we show that a search version of the problem lies in UEOPL , and hence in EOPL = PLS ∩ PPAD . Furthermore, we show P -hardness of the Recursive Arrival decision problem. By contrast, the current best-known hardness result for Arrival is PL -hardness.
ForceAssessment of Demand and Available Work Intra-Arterial Stroke Therapy: An

SUMMARY: Intra-arterial therapy is currently applicable to a small subset of patients with ischemic stroke, but it will likely have an expanding role as new devices are introduced. This review evaluates the demand for such therapy and the physician work force available to provide such therapy in the United States. The available literature was reviewed to assess how many patients might need intra-arterial therapy annually and how many skilled neurointerventionalists are available to provide intra-arterial therapy for acute stroke. The number of acute ischemic strokes in the United States that will be amenable to intra-arterial therapy can only be crudely estimated, but it is certainly less than 126,000 per year and will quite likely be no more than 20,000 cases per year. The future demand for intra-arterial reperfusion techniques may change, but the number of patients who require intra-arterial thrombolysis is currently quite low. The overall number of neurointerventionists is currently adequate, though there might be local shortages.
MIT Open Access Articles Leader election using loneliness detection

We consider the problem of leader election (LE) in single-hop radio networks with synchronized time slots for transmitting and receiving messages. We assume that the actual number n of processes is unknown, while the size u of the ID space is known, but possibly much larger. We consider two types of collision detection: strong (SCD) , whereby all processes detect collisions, and weak (WCD) , whereby only non-transmitting processes detect collisions. We introduce loneliness detection (LD) as a key subproblem for solving LE in WCD systems. LD informs all processes whether the system contains exactly one process or more than one. We show that LD captures the diﬀerence in power between SCD and WCD, by providing an implementation of SCD over WCD and LD. We present two algorithms that solve deterministic and probabilistic LD in WCD systems with time costs of O (log un ) and O (min(log un , log(1 /(cid:15) ) n )), respectively, where (cid:15) is the error probability. We also provide matching lower bounds. We present two algorithms that solve deterministic and probabilistic LE in SCD systems with time costs of O (log u ) and O (min(log u, log log n + log( 1 (cid:15) ))), respectively, where (cid:15) is the error probability. We provide matching lower bounds.
The distribution and status of Ochlerotatus geniculatus (Olivier) in Fennoscandia

The distribution of the European tree-hole mosquito, Ochlerotatus geniculatus, in Fennoscandia is reviewed. Based on the examination of museum specimens from Denmark, and published and lDlpublished collection data from Sweden, the range of this species is revised and extended. Distributional data from Norway and Finland are scarce and no recent records are available from either COlDltry.Factors limiting the northern distribution of Oc. geniculatus in Sweden, and the possibility that loss of tree-hole habitats threatens the survival of this species in central Fennoscandia, are also discussed.
Estimated Damage Caused by Future Earthquakes Occurring beneath Tokyo : From Damage Estimation Research Revised in 2006

The Tokyo Metropolitan Disaster Management Council, summarized a report on “Damage estimation for an earthquake directly underneath Tokyo” in May, 2006. Such earthquakes are supposed to imminently occur as M7.3 earthquake together with M6.9 one beneath the northern Tokyo Bay, because an earthquake of magnitude level 6 is more frequently to take place than the M7 one. In addition to the traditional estimation of human damage, it newly includes the number of stranded persons at large terminal stations and locked-in people in elevators as some typical features of disasters in modern cities. The northern Tokyo Bay earthquake produces ground shake of the Japan Meteorological Agency seismic intensity scale 6+ in the eastern wards area owing to bad ground structure. The number of houses collapsed by shock and/or liquefaction as well as those burnt down by fire increases in the ring-shaped zone of wooden houses in the wards area. In case of M6.9 earthquake, human damage amounts to about 2, 800 people dead, 51% of which due to fire, about 75, 000 people injured, 43% of which due to house collapse, 32% due to fall down of furniture etc. The number of refugees amounts to 2.71 million people, while stranded persons to 4.48 million people. About 7, 500 elevators stop to cause locked-in troubles. Tokyo Metropolitan Government revised the earthquake disaster countermeasure plan based on the new damage estimation report in May 2007.
Watering the neighbour's garden : the growing demographic female deficit in Asia

This book was one of the last products of the Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED) before it closed its doors in 2009. From the outset the CICRED worked to promote collaborative work among its 700 member research centres. Luckily while the organization is gone, its website remains intact, providing researchers easy access to many reports in PDF form, including Watering the Neighbour's Garden, the book under consideration here. Should you wish to read this interesting volume, just go to the following website: http://www.cicred. org/Eng/Publications/content/lSeminars/Index.htm. The topics focus on issues of gender and reproductive health in South and East Asia. As regular readers of demographic journals will be aware, many nations in this region have developed a unique demographic pattern over the last two decades; rapid rise in the sex ratios at birth at a time of rapid decline of total fertility rates. The major mechanisms of these changes have been thoroughly canvassed in China, Korea and India. Parents wanting sons and not wanting daughters have taken advantage of medical technologies to determine the sex of a foetus early in the pregnancy. If they find it to be female they arrange a hasty legal abortion, but if it is male they go ahead with the pregnancy. Recent improvements of medical equipment to make that determination accurately have meant that increasing numbers of boys are being born compared to girls. This simple, if not to say simplistic, explanation has become the orthodox interpretation of the rising natal sex ratios in Asia. Of course the story has many other facets, and this was the motivation of the organizers of the 2005 international conference that spawned Watering the Neighbour's Garden. The book is well worth downloading for both research and teaching purposes. There are 18 very solid papers, a solid 22 page Introduction by the editors, and very
POTENTIAL OF REUSING SALVAGED WOODEN MATERIALS IN FABRICATING STRUCTURAL DOWEL LAMINATED TIMBER

: Reusing salvaged wooden materials in new structural products offers a promising approach towards a circular economy. In this paper, the potentials and challenges related to reusing salvaged wooden materials in mass laminated timber are explored. Furthermore, the research activities at the group for Wooden Structures (Aalto University) related to the reuse of salvaged timber materials in fabricating dowel laminated timber (DLT) are discussed and the outlook of the subject and the future research needs are summarized. Among others, the research group focuses on the use of DLT in structural applications both as a beam-type element and as a slab-type element. The results show that salvaged plywood plates, which are e.g., used in the construction sector as concrete formwork, can be used effectively to produce tenon connectors for DLT fabrication. In addition, the combination of salvaged timber and new full-scale timber boards in alternate layers have shown to be a promising alternative. In this method, short, salvaged timber elements can be used without any end-to-end joining or gluing. Minimizing the required processing procedures can make salvaged timber more profitable and more attractive to the timber products manufacturing sector.
Working Paper 03-15 - 2030 Climate and Energy Framework for Belgium - Impact assessment of a selection of policy scenarios up to 2050

On October 17, 2014, the Federal Planning Bureau published the fifth edition of its triennial long-term energy outlook. The report describes a Reference scenario up to 2050 and demonstrates the large discrepancy between this Reference scenario and what is necessary to be on track for the EU 2030 Climate/Energy Framework as well as for the low-carbon economy by 2050, hence the need for additional policies and measures. This observation led to the writing of this paper in which three policy driven scenarios that are compatible both with the 2030 and 2050 greenhouse gas emission reduction challenge outlined by the European Council are being scrutinised. The analysis encompasses environmental, energy system, economic and social impacts.
The Contributions of Precipitation and Soil Moisture Observations to the Skill of Soil Moisture Estimates in a Land Data Assimilation System

AbstractThe contributions of precipitation and soil moisture observations to soil moisture skill in a land data assimilation system are assessed. Relative to baseline estimates from the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), the study investigates soil moisture skill derived from (i) model forcing corrections based on large-scale, gauge- and satellite-based precipitation observations and (ii) assimilation of surface soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). Soil moisture skill (defined as the anomaly time series correlation coefficient R) is assessed using in situ observations in the continental United States at 37 single-profile sites within the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) for which skillful AMSR-E retrievals are available and at 4 USDA Agricultural Research Service (“CalVal”) watersheds with high-quality distributed sensor networks that measure soil moisture at the scale of land model and satel.
Network Design Problem

The design and operation of humanitarian supply chain networks (HSCN) after natural disasters have progressively attracted interest from academia over recent years. We propose an optimization methodology to solve the HSCN planning problem occurring after a natural disaster. Considering the crucial role accurate modeling of the operations plays in the decision-making process, we aim to analyze the effect of unmet demand accumulating over the planning horizon in order to better understand and respond to natural disasters. To this end, we explicitly consider the impact of unmet demand through time under uncertain conditions by introducing a spread factor. We develop a two-stage stochastic model that retains the uncertainty pertaining to the demand along with the transportation and storage capacities of the HSCN. Then, we address a case study with real-world data from the 2018 earthquake in Indonesia. Various aspects of the problem are studied over a set of experiments, including the importance of modeling uncertainty, the effect of the budget on the solution performance, and the role of the spread factor in the accurate understanding of the crisis. The results obtained from the designed experiments verify the importance of considering uncertainty in the HSCN design problem. Furthermore, according to the obtained results, considering lower values for the spread factor parameter can irreparably misguide the decision-makers by an inaccurate presentation of the crisis' depth and consequently increase the damage caused to people's health.
Solubility and Availability of Heavy Metals in Soils as Affected by Compost Amendment

The effect of agriculture solid waste compost on the availability of native and spiked Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in three different soils was evaluated. The three soils were spiked separately with the metals at concentration of 800 mg kg soil -1 and amended with three rates of the compost (0, 3, and 6 %-w/w). The mixtures of soil-compost were allowed to age at room temperature for 30 and 90 days. After each period, they were extracted for readily soluble and exchangeable (2.5% acetic acid), available (DTPA), and bound to organic matter (sodium pyrophosphate) metal species. Addition of compost generally reduced the extractability of the soluble and exchangeable forms of all native and spiked metals. This effect was directly related to the amount of added compost and increased with ageing time. The potentially plant-available Cd and Cu extracted with DTPA were generally reduced with increasing additions of compost and incubation time. There was increase of sodium pyrophosphate extractable Cd and Cu as a result of compost amendment and incubation time increase. Conversely, recovery of Zn in DTPA-extract was larger with increasing both compost and incubation period whereas Ni remained invariant with compost additions with slightly decrease in metal solubility during aging. The obtained results suggest that soil amendment with compost-organic matter may accelerate the immobilization of native and spiked heavy metals in soils due to reducing readily soluble and exchangeable all metals in addition to reducing possible plant uptake of-at least-Cd and Cu.
Success-rate-driven strategy updating enhances cooperation in social dilemmas

Strategy updates play an important role in the evolution of cooperation. In traditional imitation rules, it is assumed that strategic learning is driven by payoff bias. In this study, a modified Fermi rule was proposed, in which payoff and success-rate are synthetically considered to determine players’ strategy updates. It is assumed that individuals have an immediate memory length M, and that success can be measured by using an identical aspiration level a as a benchmark. Success-rate is defined in the frequency that an individual’s payoff equals or exceeds the benchmark a within the memory length M. Numerical simulations conducted by considering the two factors in the strategy update show that cooperation can be facilitated compared to the traditional version. Using the identical aspiration level a as benchmark, the results show that there is a clear phase shift phenomenon in enhancing cooperation. This implies that different b will have an appropriate aspiration interval to achieve optimal cooperation. Moreover, only a moderate immediate memory length can facilitate cooperation. The proposed mechanism is highly robust and can provide valuable insights into the emergence and maintenance of cooperation.
Observational Constraints on Close Binary Star Evolution. I. Putative Contact Binaries with Long Periods and High Mass Ratios

Evolutionary and structural models for contact binary stars make quantitative predictions about the distribution of systems in the mass ratio (q)–orbital period (P) plane. Specifically, contact binaries containing primaries with convective envelopes are predicted to be absent at mass ratios larger than a critical threshold that is a function of orbital period and total mass. We test this prediction by characterizing candidate contact binaries that appear to have mass ratios in violation of this threshold. We obtained quadrature-phase echelle spectra (R ≈ 31,000) for 18 close binaries (0.65 day < P < 2.00 days) in the Kepler field, from which we extracted radial velocity profiles for each system. Use of a joint Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting routine on the Kepler light curves and the radial velocity profiles allows us to retrieve all fundamental system and component parameters. Of the 18 systems, only one is a contact binary, and both components likely have radiative—not convective—envelopes. The 17 remaining systems are detached binaries (eight) or semidetached binaries (four) with ellipsoidal variations, rotating variables (four), or pulsating variables (one). Therefore, none of the systems are in violation of the theoretical mass ratio thresholds for low-mass contact binaries. The 12 noncontact binaries follow a T 2/T 1–q relation significantly weaker than expected for main-sequence components, suggesting radiative heating of the secondaries. Most of the secondaries have radii larger than main-sequence expectations, a possible consequence of heating. Four secondaries fill their Roche lobes, while none of the primaries do, possibly indicating prior mass-ratio reversal.