Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of total iron content in floodplain soils using VNIR spectroscopy – a case study in the Le'an River floodplain, China

Accumulation of heavy metals has become a serious environmental issue in China, especially in the floodplains downstream from mining and smelting sites. Estimation of total iron (Fe) content at the regional scale becomes particularly important because of the heavy metal sorption of Fe oxide. A novel method for estimating total Fe content is proposed using visible and near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy and partial least squares regression (PLSR). Our study focuses on the Le'an River floodplain, Jiangxi Province, China, which houses the largest copper mining corporation in China, as this area has suffered a series of environmental setbacks because of the extraction of non-ferrous metals. Our study employs PLSR to summarize the relationship between VNIR reflectance spectra and the total Fe contents of collected soil samples. More specifically, our study aims to (1) explore the correlation between VNIR and total Fe content, (2) assess the relationship between VNIR determination of total Fe content and the preprocessing of soil samples and (3) evaluate the performance of data transformation methods in PLSR. The PLSR model with transformed total Fe content and continuum removal spectra was finally chosen for estimating the total Fe content from both pretreated soil samples (coefficient of determination for prediction, = 0.66) and soil samples without pretreatment ( = 0.55). Therefore, VNIR spectroscopy could be an alternative method for estimating total Fe content at the regional scale.
Mn‐Cr chronology of five IIIAB iron meteorites

Abstract— Mn‐Cr systematics in phosphates (sarcopside, graftonite, beusite, galileiite, and johnsomervilleite) in IIIAB iron meteorites were investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In most cases, excesses in 53Cr are found and δ53Cr is well correlated with Mn/Cr ratios, suggesting that 53Mn was alive at the time of IIIAB iron formation. The inferred Mn‐Cr “ages” are different for different phosphate minerals. This is presumably due to a combined effect of the slow cooling rates of IIIAB iron meteorites and the difference in the diffusion properties of Cr and Mn in the phosphates. The ages of sarcopside are the same for the IIIAB iron meteorites. Johnsomervilleite shows apparent old ages, probably because of a gain of Cr enriched in 53Cr during the closure process. Apparently, old Mn‐Cr ages reported in previous studies can also be explained in a similar way. Therefore, the IIIAB iron meteorites probably experienced identical thermal histories and thus derived from the core of a parent body. Thermal histories of the parent body of IIIAB iron meteorites that satisfy the Mn‐Cr chronology and metallographic cooling rates were constructed by computer simulation. The thermal history at an early stage (<10 Ma after CAI formation) is well determined, though later history may be more model‐dependent. It is suggested that relative timing of various events in the IIIAB parent body may be estimated with the aid of the thermal history. There is a systematic difference in Mn and Cr concentrations in various minerals (phosphates, sulfide, etc.) among the IIIAB iron meteorites, which seems to be mainly controlled by redox conditions.
The effects of human activities on shorebirds, seabirds and waterbirds of Comerong Island, at the mouth of the Shoalhaven River.

Comerong Island is a 660 ha Nature Reserve 15 km east of Nowra. The island sits at the mouth of the Shoalhaven River estuary (Fig. 1) and is the fifth most important area for shorebirds or waders in New South Wales (Morris 1983, Lane 1987). Ninety species of shorebirds or waders (Charadriformes), waterbirds (including ducks, rails, herons, ibises and cormorants) and seabirds have been recorded on the island (Appendix 1). Up to 7000 ducks and 1200 other waterbirds have been counted on the estuary (Chafer pers. Comm.). I will concentrate mostly on shorebirds as these are more restricted to estuarine habitats. Table 1 lists relative abundance for some of these species. Nearly half the Double-banded Plovers Chadradrius bicintus and almost a quarter of the Red-necked Stints Calidris ruficollis found on estuaries within New South Wales are found on Comerong Island. There is little doubt that habitat changes and loss of wetlands are the most serious problems in shorebird conservation (Senner & Howe 1984). Permanently flooding estuaries (Joyes et al. 1976) and removing intertidal sand flats and mud bars (Lum 1978, Evans et al. 1979) have resulted in significant declines in wader numbers. On the other hand, islands created by dumping dredge materials can create nesting and roosting habitat for some species (Soots & Landin 1978 in Senner & Howe 1984). Unfortunately, we have already lost or altered about 60% of the mainly freshwater coastal wetlands in New South Wales since settlement (Goodrick 1970).
Three‐dimensional inversion of self‐potential data used to constrain the pattern of groundwater flow in geothermal fields

[1] We propose an algorithm to invert self-potential signals measured at the ground surface of the Earth to localize hydromechanical disturbances or to the pattern of groundwater flow in geothermal systems. The self-potential signals result from the divergence of the streaming current density. Groundwater flow can be either driven by topography of the water table, free convection, or deformation of the medium. The algorithm includes the electrical resistivity distribution of the medium obtained independently by DC resistance tomography or electromagnetic methods or by coding the assumed geology in terms of distribution of the electrical resistivity accounting for the effect of the temperature and salinity distributions and possibly constraints from borehole measurements. Inversion of the distribution of the source current density from ground surface and borehole self-potential measurements is achieved by solving the inverse problem using Tikhonov regularization solutions that are compatible with the physics of the primary flow problem. By introducing assumptions regarding the smoothness or the compactness of the source and the three-dimensional distribution of the electrical resistivity of the system, the inverse problem can be solved in obtaining the three-dimensional distribution of the current source density in the ground. However, an annihilator can be added to the inverted source geometry without affecting the measured self-potential field. Annihilators can be obtained from boundary conditions. Synthetic models and a sandbox experiment are discussed to demonstrate the validity of the algorithm. An application is presented to the geothermal field of Cerro Prieto, Baja California, Mexico, using literature data. Inversion of the self-potential and resistivity data allows observing a plume of hot groundwater rising to the ground surface in the central part of the investigated area and discharging to the ground surface in the southwest part. The temperature anomaly associated with the existence of this plume is independently observed by interpolating borehole temperature measurements. We found a good agreement between the distribution of the temperature and the inverted source current density. The proposed method appears therefore as a noninvasive method for remote detection and three-dimensional mapping of subsurface groundwater flow.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in transnational spaces: an institutionalist deconstruction of MNC's CSR practices in the Nigerian oil and gas sector

Drawing from the varieties of capitalism theoretical framework, the study explores the home country influences of MNCs on their CSR practices when they operate outside their national/regional institutional contexts. The study focuses on a particular CSR practice (i.e. corporate code of conducts) of seven MNCs from Europe (4) and the USA (3) operating in the oil and gas sector of the Nigerian economy. The study concludes that the corporate codes of conduct of these MNCs operating in Nigeria, to a large extent, reflect the characteristics of their home countries model of capitalism, respectively. The home countries model of capitalism is also found to have implications for the degree of adaptability of these MNCs CSR practices to the Nigerian institutional context. It is anticipated that the study will contribute to the emerging literature on the institutional embeddedness of CSR practices in trans-national spaces and that of CSR in developing economies.
One step synthesis of magnetic particles covered with casein surfactant

The one-step coprecipitation method is used to obtain magnetic nanoparticles controlling the pH (10 and 12), and casein surfactant (CS) concentrations (1 % and 3 % (m/m)). CS has not been used so far for stabilizing magnetic iron oxide ferrofluids. The magnetic nanoparticles have a magnetite core with maghemite in surface, and a shell of polymer. The transmission electron images confirm the crystallinity, particle size distribution in the range of 5-10 nm, and the spinel structure of the nanoparticles. Mossbauer results at 80 K showed line shapes dominated by magnetic relaxation effects with sextets and combinations of sextets and doublets. The interactions of the surfactant with the nanoparticle surface are strong showing at least two surfactant layers. The magnetic behavior was evaluated by moment versus temperature and magnetic field measurements. The nanoparticles showed superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature and blocked (irreversible) behavior at 5 K. The saturation magnetization presented lower values than reported bulk systems due to the presence of a large layer of maghemite. The FC/ZFC magnetization vs. temperature curves confirmed the superparamagnetic nature of the iron oxide particles and the strong interactions for pH 12 samples and weak interactions for pH 10 samples. The particle growth was dominated by the surface properties of the nanoparticles. Resumen: Se usa el metodo de coprecipitacion para obtener nanoparticulas magneticas controlando el pH (10 y 12) y la concentracion del caseinato de sodio (CS) (1 % y 3 %(m/m)). CS no se ha utilizado hasta el momento para estabilizar ferrofluidos magneticos. Las particulas muestran un nucleo de magnetita, una capa de maghemita sobre el mismo, y otra capa exterior de la proteina. La microscopia electronica de transmision muestra particulas cristalinas, una distribu- cion de tamanos entre 5-10 nm, y la estructura de espinela. Los resultados Mossbauer a 80 K muestran formas de linea dominadas por efectos de relajacion magnetica. La interaccion de la proteina con la superficie de las nanoparticulas es fuerte y muestra varias capas de proteina. El comportamiento magnetico se evaluo mediante medidas termomagneticas y de momento versus campo magnetico. Estas revelaron un sistema superparamagnetico a 300 K y bloqueado a 5 K. La magnetizacion de saturacion mostro valores menores que en el volumen posiblemete debido a la presencia de la maghemita. Las medidas termomagneticas confirmaron el superparamagnetismo y mostraron que las muestras obtenidas a pH 12 presentan interacciones fuertes mientras que las de pH 10 muestran interacciones debiles. El crecimiento de las particulas fue dominado por las propiedades superficiales de las particulas.
Interpentadal variability of temperature and salinity in the deep North Atlantic, 1970–1974 versus 1955–1959

Historical hydrographic observations have been composited and objectively analyzed for the North Atlantic Ocean for two pentads, 1955–59 and 1970–74, for the purpose of studying the temporal variability of the thermohaline structure of the deep North Atlantic Ocean. Statistically significant differences between the two pentads are found in the deep ocean. At 1750 m depth most of the North Atlantic increased in temperature (approximately 0.1°C) and salinity (0.025‰) from the earlier to the later period. An exception to this was a region in the eastern Atlantic between 33°N and 50°N where a cooling (0.1°C) and freshening (0.025‰) occurred. Changes at other depths as evidenced by difference fields of temperature along 24.5°N and 36.5°N are in agreement with differences found by Roemmich and Wunsch (1984) who described changes at these latitudes between sections taken in the late 1950's and sections taken in 1981.
The First Decade ( 1964-1972 ) Research Article

The microtubule-associated protein Tau plays a crucial role in stabilizing neuronal microtubules. In Tauopathies, Tau loses its ability to bind microtubules, detach from them and forms intracellular aggregates. Increasing evidence in recent years supports the notion that Tau pathology spreading throughout the brain in AD and other Tauopathies is the consequence of the propagation of specific Tau species along neuroanatomically connected brain regions in a so-called “prion-like” manner. A number of steps are assumed to be involved in this process, including secretion, cellular uptake, transcellular transfer and/or seeding, although the precise mechanisms underlying propagation of Tau pathology are not fully understood yet. This review summarizes recent evidence on the nature of the specific Tau species that are propagated and the different mechanisms of Tau pathology spreading.
Role of the Alarmin S100A9 protein in inducing Achilles tendinopathy in rats

Background This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Alarmin S100A9 protein and Achilles tendinopathy (AT), and to reveal the role of this protein in inducing AT. Methods In this study, 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (received no treatment), Injury group (Achilles tendon tissues were cut intraoperatively), S100A9 group (received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 solution), and S100A9 + Paquinimod group [received a subcutaneous injection of rhS100A9 and Paquinimod (1:1 ratio) into the Achilles tendon]. At 1 week postoperatively, the four groups of rats were euthanized, and the Achilles tendon tissues were isolated for histological staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence, Sirius Red (SR) staining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. Results Compared with both the Control and S100A9 + Paquinimod groups, the Injury and S100A9 groups exhibited higher expression levels of S100A9 protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), and inflammatory factors. Regarding histomorphology [hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Safranin O/fast green (SOFG; fast green and Safranin) training], the Achilles tendon tissues in the Injury and S100A9 groups showed AT-like changes, and the fibers were extremely disorderly, non-bundled, and ruptured, and some nuclei were spindles. As for collagen (Col) remodeling, a large number of fresh collagen fibers had formed, the amounts of Col-I and Col-II were lower, and a large quantity of Col-III was present. Additionally, a large number of tendon cells had died in both the Injury and S100A9 groups. Conclusions This study showed that Alarmin S100A9 can induce AT-like morphological changes and local inflammatory reactions, trigger collagen fiber remodeling and tendon cell apoptosis, and ultimately induce AT.
A narrative review of deep learning applications in lung cancer research: from screening to prognostication

Background and Objective Deep learning (DL) algorithms have been developed for various tasks, including lung nodule detection on chest radiographs or lung cancer computed tomography screening, potential candidate selection in lung cancer screening, malignancy prediction for indeterminate pulmonary nodules, lung cancer staging, treatment response prediction, prognostication, and prediction of genetic mutations in lung cancer. Furthermore, these DL algorithms have been applied in various clinical settings in order for them to be generalized in real-world clinical practice. Multiple DL algorithms have been corroborated to be on par with experts or current clinical prediction models for several specific tasks. However, no article has yet comprehensively reviewed DL algorithms dedicated to lung cancer research. This narrative review presents an overview of the literature dealing with DL techniques applied in lung cancer research and briefly summarizes the results according to the DL algorithms’ clinical use cases. Methods we performed a narrative review by searching the Embase and OVID-MEDLINE databases for articles published in English from October, 2016 until September, 2021 and reviewing the bibliographies of key references to identify important literature related to DL in lung cancer research. The background, development, results, and clinical implications of each DL algorithm are briefly discussed. Lastly, we end this review article by highlighting future directions in lung cancer research using DL techniques. Key Content and Findings DL algorithms have been introduced to show comparable or higher performance than human experts in various clinical settings. Specifically, they have been actively applied to detect lung nodules in chest radiographs or computed tomography (CT) examinations, optimize candidate selection for lung cancer screening (LCS), predict the malignancy of lung nodules, stage lung cancer, and predict treatment response, patients’ prognoses, and genetic mutations in lung cancers. Conclusions DL algorithms have corroborated their potential value for various tasks, ranging from lung cancer screening to prognostication of lung cancer patients. Future research is warranted for the clinical application of these algorithms in daily clinical practice and verification of their real-world clinical usefulness.
How Can Green Supply Chain Management Contribute to the Product Development Process

The product development process has phases as concept, research, analysis, develop and launch. The supply chain management needs integration with suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. The goal of this study is to link two topics, product development process, and Supply chain management, aiming to understand how this concept join can become more sustainable. To search this answer, it is analyzed the main bibliography references about "product development process" and "green supply chain management". For the literature review development, it was searched at Capes Periodical/MEC, for the concepts of product development process, supply chain, and green supply chain management. The year of publication was not limited, aiming to understand the evolution of all materials already published. The first section is about market demands, laws, regulations and green products. In the second section is discussed green supply chain management and product development process. The second section considers supply chain tiers, like supplier, manufacturer, and customers, all connected with product development process. As results, it was checked that green supply chain management and product development process does not have a consensus, being treated with a broad approach; there is no specific model that orients the companies to develop a product oriented to green supply chain management.
Siluro-Devonian landscapes of southern Britain: the stability and nature of early vascular plant habitats

A prerequisite for plant taphonomy and palaeoecological analysis of early land plants is to understand the palaeogeomorphology of the landscapes that they inhabited. The Lower Old Red Sandstone of the Anglo-Welsh Basin was chosen to ascertain the nature of the landscapes and range and variability of potential plant habitats. Evidence is provided for dynamic, low-lying landscapes, with complex hydrology and mosaics of microenvironments. The Raglan Mudstone Formation (latest Přídolí–earliest Lochkovian) represents a mud-dominated, ephemeral dryland river system, active during short-lived high-discharge events. Plant habitats were restricted to areas with temporarily elevated water tables, suitable for plants with short life cycles (e.g. rhyniophytes). The St. Maughans Formation (early Lochkovian) represents a sand-dominated, perennial trunk channel river system, with an overall wetter, more stable landscape. Plant habitats extended into areas of permanently elevated water tables, where plants with a more extensive vegetative growth stage survived (e.g. zosterophylls). In association with evidence from the plant fossil record, this leads to the hypothesis that during the latest Silurian to earliest Devonian the landscapes across the southern margins of Laurussia were too hostile (overall moisture deficient and unstable) for plants of higher organization than rhyniophytes to establish, despite their radiation across palaeoequatorial latitudes much earlier.
Nature and origin of calc-alkaline lamprophyres: minettes, vogesites, kersantites and spessartites

ABSTRACT Calc-alkaline lamprophyres are porphyritic dyke-rocks, richer in amphibole, biotite, ultramark elements (Mg, Cr, Ni) and incompatible elements (K, F, P, Rb, Sr, Zn, Nb, Ba, REE, Th, U) than other rocks of comparable colour index (35–67) or % SiO2 (46–57). Field and petrological criteria are suggested for identifying them uniquely. New average compositions, based on some 600 screened analyses, confirm the chemical variability but possible heteromorphism of vogesites, kersantites, spessartites and some minettes. Calc-alkaline lamprophyres probably crystallise from volatile-rich, crystal-laden fluids. Microdioritic ‘porphyrites’, K-rich syenites and quartz-feldspar porphyries commonly form from these fluids by acidic hybridisation, and more rarely by in situ differentiation. Calc-alkaline lamprophyres have close compositional equivalents among, for example, shonkinites and absarokites, but not among kimberlites or common plutonie or volcanic rocks. They are compositionally more ‘crustal’ than lamproites and leucitites, despite some overlap. They are far more widespread than other K-rich or alkaline rocks. Three genetic petrological associations are confirmed: with calc-alkaline granitoid plutons (A), with shoshonitic volcanic and subvolcanic suites (B), and with appinite—breccia-pipe complexes (C). Most calc-alkaline lamprophyres, from association A, perhaps form by crustal modification of primary lamproitic or leucititic magmas; a very few, carrying rare mantle-type xenoliths, may represent relatively unmodified, but otherwise similar, primary magmas. Those of association B may form merely by volatile enrichment of shoshonitic magmas during subvolcanic crystallisation. Different origins for minettes in these associations are suggested by compositional differences, revealed by discriminant analysis.
Navigation using an appearance based topological map

Vision systems are used more and more in 'personal' robots interacting with humans, since semantic information about objects and places can be derived from the rich sensory information. Visual information is also used for building appearance based topological maps, which can be used for localization. In this paper we describe a system capable of using this appearance based topological map for navigation. The system is made robust by using the epipolar geometry and a planar floor constraint in computing the necessary heading information. Using this method the robot is able to drive robustly in a large environment. We tested the method on real data under varying environment conditions and compared performance with a human-controlled robot.