Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Skin lesion classification using HG-PSO and YOLOv7 based convolutional network in real time

Skin cancer is a chronic illness seen visually and further diagnosed with a dermoscopic examination. It is crucial to precisely localize and classify lesions from dermoscopic images to diagnose and treat skin cancers as soon as possible. This work presents melanoma identification, and the classification method significantly improves accuracy and precision. This work proposes a method Hybrid of Genetic and Particle swarm optimization (HG-PSO), and You only look once version 7 (YOLOv7) based convolutional network for skin cancer classification. The infected region is first located using optimized YOLOv7 object detection. Then color thresholding is applied to segment it, which is passed to the proposed convolutional network for classification. This work is tested on the Human Against Machine with 10,000 training images (HAM10000), International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC)-2019, and Hospital Pedro Hispano (PH2) datasets, and the findings are compared to the state-of-the-art methods for classifying skin cancer. The proposed method achieves 98.86% accuracy, 99.00% average precision, 98.85% average recall, and 98.85% average F1-score on the HAM10000 dataset. It achieves 97.10% accuracy on ISIC-2019 datasets. The average precision obtained is 97.37%, the average recall is 97.13%, and the average F1-score is 97.13% on the ISIC-2019 dataset. It achieves a 97.7% accuracy on the PH2 dataset. The average precision obtained is 99.00%, the average recall is 96.00%, and the average F1-score is 97.00% on the PH2 dataset. The test time taken by this method on datasets HAM10000, ISIC-2019, and PH2 dataset is 2, 3, and 2 s, respectively, which may help give faster responses in telemedicine. Graphical abstract
Emerging role of cyclophilin A in HIV-1 infection: from producer cell to the target cell nucleus

ABSTRACT The HIV-1 genome encodes a small number of proteins with structural, enzymatic, regulatory, and accessory functions. These viral proteins interact with a number of host factors to promote the early and late stages of HIV-1 infection. During the early stages of infection, interactions between the viral proteins and host factors enable HIV-1 to enter the target cell, traverse the cytosol, dock at the nuclear pore, gain access to the nucleus, and integrate into the host genome. Similarly, the viral proteins recruit another set of host factors during the late stages of infection to orchestrate HIV-1 transcription, translation, assembly, and release of progeny virions. Among the host factors implicated in HIV-1 infection, Cyclophilin A (CypA) was identified as the first host factor to be packaged within HIV-1 particles. It is now well established that CypA promotes HIV-1 infection by directly binding to the viral capsid. Mechanistic models to pinpoint CypA’s role have spanned from an effect in the producer cell to the early steps of infection in the target cell. In this review, we will describe our understanding of the role(s) of CypA in HIV-1 infection, highlight the current knowledge gaps, and discuss the potential role of this host factor in the post-nuclear entry steps of HIV-1 infection.
Texture blending on 3D models using casual images

In this paper, a method for constructing photorealistic textured model using 3D structured light digitizer is presented. Our method acquisition of range images and texture images around object, and range images are registered and integrated to construct geometric model of object. System is calibrated and poses of texture-camera are determined so that the relationship between texture and geometric model is established. After that, a global optimization is applied to assign compatible texture to adjacent surface and followed with a level procedure to remove artifacts due to vary lighting, approximate geometric model and so on. Lastly, we demonstrate the effect of our method on constructing a real model of world.
Tropical laterites, life on land, and the history of atmospheric oxygen in the Paleoproterozoic

The ca. 2.2 Ga Hekpoort paleosol of the Transvaal Supergroup in southern Africa has been considered a type example and the youngest iron-depleted paleosol formed under a reducing atmosphere in the early Precambrian. However, the mineralogical and geochemical data on recently acquired deep drill core intersections indicate that the Hekpoort paleosol represents part of an ancient lateritic weathering profile with an iron-depleted pallid lower zone and an iron-enriched lateritic upper zone. Previous studies of the paleosol took place in areas where only the lower pallid zone was preserved from erosion prior to deposition of cover beds. The laterite profile is comparable to that of modern tropical laterites formed under an oxic atmosphere in the presence of abundant terrestrial biomass. Revised stratigraphic correlation indicates that the Hekpoort laterite profile is a correlative to highly ferruginous laterite profiles of Wolhaarkop in Griqualand West. This information indicates that the oxygen-evolution curve, based on loss or retention of iron in paleosols, should be reexamined.
Barriers and facilitators for weight management interventions in breast cancer patients: a systematic review of qualitative studies

ABSTRACT Introduction This systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies provides an overview of barriers and facilitators that breast cancer patients experience in weight management interventions. Methods We included qualitative studies describing barriers and facilitators for weight management interventions as experienced by adult breast cancer patients after the completion of initial treatment . The data was extracted and using thematic analysis. Results After analysis, eleven themes were determined. Six of those themes could be linked to the Attitude, Social Influence and self Efficacy (ASE)-model. Physical and mental benefits, anticipated regret and a lack of motivation were linked to attitude. Integrating a weight management programme in daily life, stigma and fears were linked to self-efficacy. With regard to the social influence determinant, encouragement and discouragement by family members were developed as a theme. Four additional themes were conducted related to weight management behaviour; external barriers, economic barriers, cultural barriers and physical barriers. In addition, integrating weight management in cancer care was described as a separate theme. Conclusions Several disease specific issues, including feeling stigmatized after cancer treatment and treatment-related side effects and peer-support should be given specific attention to maximize adherence of weight management programmes.
Seismic reflections from the mantle represent relict subduction zones within the continental lithosphere

In many areas of the world, the continental lithospheric upper mantle contains bright, continuous, regionally extensive, seismic reflectors. Despite the increasingly common observation of such mantle reflectors on deep seismic reflection profiles, their significance and geologic origin remain obscure. We report results from a series of seismic experiments acquired across two of the brightest of these reflectors and provide new constraints upon the composition and thickness of the reflecting region. These new seismic data reveal regionally extensive dipping and subhorizonal slabs of high-velocity (>8.4 km/s), high-density (>3500 kg/m 3 ) material, several kilometres (>2 km) thick, entrained within otherwise unremarkable upper mantle. The geometry, physical properties, and geologic setting of these mantle reflectors suggest that they represent fragments of eclogitic oceanic crust—a relict of pre-Caledonian oceanic subduction now preserved within the lower continental lithosphere. Such relict subduction zones appear to be widespread within the continental lithosphere and to exert an important influence upon the location and style of subsequent continental deformation.
Marine heatwaves impact mortality of triploid Pacific oysters

Studies of heatwave impacts on marine organisms are needed to understand biological tolerance to heat stress. Such studies should include integrative analyses across different levels of biological organization, which often reveal that predictions are non‐linear (e.g., gene–protein–physiology–organism). Further insights into potential evolutionary responses of organisms to rapid environmental change can be gained from formal genetic studies of multigenerational pedigreed families.
Stronadelphite, Sr5(PO4)3F, a new apatite-group mineral

The new apatite-group mineral stronadelphite was found in the Belovitovoye peralkaline pegmatite at the Kirovskii apatite mine, Mt. Kukisvumchorr, Khibiny alkaline complex, Kola peninsula, Russia. Associated minerals are natrolite, microcline, aegirine, pectolite, lamprophyllite, belovite-(Ce), belovite-(La), gaidonnayite, nenadkevichite, komarovite, manganokukisvumite, epididymite, sphalerite, neotocite, etc . Stronadelphite forms hexagonal, prismatic to acicular crystals up to 0.1 × 0.1 × 2 mm, combined in sheaf-like clusters up to 1 × 2 mm embedded in natrolite. The mineral is transparent, colourless with a pale greenish tint. Stronadelphite is brittle, with Mohs hardness 5, no cleavage observed. D calc is 3.915 g/cm 3 . Optically, the new mineral is uniaxial (−), ω 1.630(1), e 1.623(1). Average values for six point microprobe analyses (wt%) are: Na 2 O 0.10, CaO 2.49, SrO 62.72, BaO 2.40, La 2 O 3 0.34, Ce 2 O 3 0.22, ThO 2 0.28, P 2 O 5 29.02, F 1.45, H 2 O(calc.) 0.54, −O=F 2 −0.61; total 98.95. The empirical formula based on 13 anions [O 12 (F,OH)] is: (Sr 4.46 Ca 0.33 Ba 0.12 Na 0.02 La 0.02 Ce 0.01 Th 0.01 ) ∑=4.97 P 3.01 O 12 [F 0.56 (OH) 0.44 ] ∑=1 . The idealized formula is Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F. Stronadelphite is hexagonal, space group P 6 3 / m; a = 9.845(7), c = 7.383(4) A, V = 619.7(7) A 3 , Z = 2. Its crystal structure has been refined to R = 0.0305 using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Stronadelphite is isostructural with fluorapatite. The strongest lines of the powder diffraction pattern [ d in A ( I ) ( hkl )] are: 3.71 (30) (002), 3.21 (40) (120, 210), 2.940 (100) (211, 121, 112), 2.823 (35) (300, 202), 2.009 (50) (222, 312, 132), 1.955 (45) (213, 123), 1.500 (30) (151, 511, 332). The mineral is named after the chemical element stron tium and αδeλφoσ, Greek for “brother”, as the full strontium analogue of fluorapatite, the most widespread member of the apatite supergroup. Both the mineral and its name have been approved by the IMA CNMNC. The type specimen is deposited in Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, with the registration number 3693/1.
Elderly patients with multimorbidity in the home setting: umbrella review on therapeutic non-adherence causes.

OBJECTIVE The elderly population is the most at risk regarding adherence, especially in the coexistence of multiple diseases. This study aims to detect factors contributing to therapeutic non-adherence in elderly patients in home settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review protocol was developed to conduct the umbrella review using the methodological framework of the Richardson et al study. The search strategy was developed in December 2022 to conduct a systematic search and to perform an Umbrella Review of systematic reviews, meta-analyses and integrative reviews published from 2012 to 2022 in English. RESULTS A total of 26,038 articles were identified and screened. 18 relevant articles were included in the study. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic adherence in elderly patients with comorbidities in polypharmacotherapy at home is a significant problem in public health and health care. Several factors of non-adherence have been identified in the studies reviewed, confirming that the problem is multifactorial. Reducing the number of medications prescribed would appear optimal, although often not possible, as this has been seen to have an immediate positive impact. A multidisciplinary approach makes it possible not to fragment care, ensuring positive feedback on therapeutic adherence.
Morphogenesis and development of human telencephalic organoids in the absence and presence of exogenous extracellular matrix

The establishment and maintenance of apical‐basal polarity is a fundamental step in brain development, instructing the organization of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and the developing cerebral cortex. Particularly, basally located extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial for this process. In vitro, epithelial polarization can be achieved via endogenous ECM production, or exogenous ECM supplementation. While neuroepithelial development is recapitulated in neural organoids, the effects of different ECM sources in tissue morphogenesis remain underexplored. Here, we show that exposure to a solubilized basement membrane matrix substrate, Matrigel, at early neuroepithelial stages causes rapid tissue polarization and rearrangement of neuroepithelial architecture. In cultures exposed to pure ECM components or unexposed to any exogenous ECM, polarity acquisition is slower and driven by endogenous ECM production. After the onset of neurogenesis, tissue architecture and neuronal differentiation are largely independent of the initial ECM source, but Matrigel exposure has long‐lasting effects on tissue patterning. These results advance the knowledge on mechanisms of exogenously and endogenously guided morphogenesis, demonstrating the self‐sustainability of neuroepithelial cultures by endogenous processes.
Water discharge and sediment flux changes in the Lower Mekong River

The Lower Mekong River has witnessed extremely low water levels over the past few years. There is speculation that the changes are a consequence of the construction and operation of the Chinese cascade dams in the upper part of the Mekong main stream, the Lancang River. Dam construction on upper streams can produce a series of induced effects downstream, particularly in terms of water, sediment, channel and ecological changes. The infilling of the Manwan reservoir in 1992 caused water levels to fall to record lows in various parts of the Mekong River, and sediment concentration values decreased similarly. Analyses of discharge and sediment flux at various gauging stations on the Lower Mekong River have indicated a disruption in water discharge, water fluctuations and sediment transport downstream of the Manwan Dam, after its reservoir was infilled in 1992. Dry season flows showed a declining trend, and water level fluctuations in the dry season increased considerably in the post-dam (1993? 2000) period. Monthly suspended sediment concentration (SSC) has also decreased significantly in several gauging stations in the post-dam period. The estimation of sediment flux is challenging since the measurements of SSC were sporadic. Our estimation based on the available data indicated that the areas along the upper-middle and lowermost reaches of the Mekong River have experienced a decline in sediment flux, possibly due to sedimentation in the Manwan Dam. However, the decrease is only statistically significant at Chiang Saen. Areas located in the mid-length of the river show less sensitivity to the operation of the Manwan Dam, as sediment fluxes have remained stable or even increased in the post-dam period.
Using Alignment and Reflection to Improve Student Learning

Greater participation, and the associated increase in student diversity, has changed university education worldwide. The old ways of teaching a small number of well-qualified committed students do not work as well with large classes and more diverse student needs. This essay documents one approach to this challenge. It involves understanding student needs and preferences better, developing a range of ways to deliver learning and assess the results, and finally reflecting on the outcomes. The annual process of reflection allows changes that improve alignment of course aims with their delivery and assessment, and results in improved student learning and perception of the subject.
Wolf Recovery in Yellowstone: Park Visitor Attitudes, Expenditures, and Economic Impacts

Greater Yellowstone ecosystem and to the Central Idaho area in an attempt to restore the endangered gray wolf to the Rocky Mountains. The restoration of wolves to Yellowstone National Park has become one of the most successful wildlife conservation programs in the history of endangered species conservation. Yellowstone is now considered one of the best places in the world to watch wild wolves. Visibility of the wolves within the park, and public interest in wolves and wolf-based education programs, have far exceeded initial expectations. During the preparation of the environmental impact statement (EIS; US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994) that was completed by the National Park Service (NPS) prior to wolf restoration, more than 170,000 public comments were reviewed to determine the public’s key concerns. One of the main issues identified during this process was the concern about the possible economic effects of wolf restoration. Among the concerns of opponents were the expenditure of public federal funds for the restoration effort and the potential for negative economic effects on the regional economy. These assumed negative effects included the costs of wolf depredation on livestock, reduced big-game populations resulting in lower economic returns to agencies and businesses that derive revenue from biggame hunting, and an expected drop in visitation to Yellowstone and the surrounding ecosystem. Proponents, on the other hand, predicted increased visitation and positive regional net economic impacts caused by the presence of wolves. Prior to reintroduction of wolves into the Yellowstone ecosystem, an EIS analysis presented predictions of a wide spectrum of impacts, including economic impacts, that would result from wolf recovery (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1994). This study provides an ex post facto (after the fact) analysis of wolf-related social and economic impacts for comparison with the EIS predictions. This paper focuses on two primary results from the Yellowstone National Park 2005 visitor survey: preferences for wildlife viewing among Yellowstone visitors, and regional economic impacts attributable to wolf presence in the park. Data collection The park’s 2005 visitor survey was designed to collect a broad spectrum of information and opinions. The survey instrument was divided into four sections,
Basins and swells and the evolution of an epeiric sea

During Pliensbachian–Bajocian times northern Europe, including Britain, was covered by an epeiric sea. Sediments formed include clays, sandstones, limestones and ironstones, usually cyclically arranged; different facies were developed synchronously in different areas. There is very little evidence, by way of slumps or turbidites, that redeposition processes were active. The sequence clay, sandstone, limestone/ ironstone is here interpreted as representative of a shallowing. Thus, at any one time, despite differing bathymetric zones, bottom slopes were apparently subdued enough to ensure that sediment displacement did not generally take place. To reconcile the concept of Jurassic ‘basins’ and ‘swells’ with the subdued bottom slopes of the north European epeiric sea, we suggest that these structural elements were characterized by great and negligible subsidence respectively, but that sedimentation was always rapid enough to maintain a roughly level sea floor. We relate the Mendip, London Platform and Dorset coast ‘swells’ to early Jurassic positive fault motions in the basement. The Market Weighton ‘swell’ is ascribed to relative buoyant rise of a salt pillow or granitic body whose movement was probably triggered by the same motions. These, presumably extensional, tectonics were probably the driving force behind the formation of the whole north European epeiric sea and must be related, in turn, to the opening of the oceanic central Atlantic and Alpine–Mediterranean Tethys.
Tooth as a Bone Graft Material: A Narrative Review

Abstract To treat osseous defects, a range of bone grafts and their replacements have been accessible, but appropriate reconstruction by any bony defect persists as a therapeutic hurdle. Based on peer-reviewed literature, the current narrative review analyzes significant outcomes in patients treated with bone grafts and bone graft substitutes for surgical therapy of osseous defects. Despite autograft, xenograft, and alloplastic bone graft substitutes being employed in several periodontic procedures, they all have their restrictions. Autogenous tooth bone graft is functional in clinics due to different available forms, which can be availed for other clinical challenges. Moreover, genetic uniformity fosters efficient bone regeneration by allowing osteoinduction and osteoconduction and reducing foreign body reactions.
The research on calibration methods of dual-CCD laser three-dimensional human face scanning system

In this paper, on the basis of considering the performance advantages of two-step method, we combines the stereo matching of binocular stereo vision with active laser scanning to calibrate the system. Above all, we select a reference camera coordinate system as the world coordinate system and unity the coordinates of two CCD cameras. And then obtain the new perspective projection matrix (PPM) of each camera after the epipolar rectification. By those, the corresponding epipolar equation of two cameras can be defined. So by utilizing the trigonometric parallax method, we can measure the space point position after distortion correction and achieve stereo matching calibration between two image points. Experiments verify that this method can improve accuracy and system stability is guaranteed. The stereo matching calibration has a simple process with low-cost, and simplifies regular maintenance work. It can acquire 3D coordinates only by planar checkerboard calibration without the need of designing specific standard target or using electronic theodolite. It is found that during the experiment two-step calibration error and lens distortion lead to the stratification of point cloud data. The proposed calibration method which combining active line laser scanning and binocular stereo vision has the both advantages of them. It has more flexible applicability. Theory analysis and experiment shows the method is reasonable.
Geography, Outcome, and Casualties

This study introduces a theoretical model of how insurgency develops as a function of reactive mobilization. The theory extends a classic distance-decay model by incorporating Kalyvas’ typology of violence. It implies that geographic conditions crucially determine the accuracy of applied violence and thereby its public perception, which in turn determines the actors’ ability to mobilize. As a first test of these effects, I propose a new geographic indicator that expresses the spatial accessibility of a country’s population for both central governments and peripheral insurgent movements. Two empirical implications of the theory are tested with a large-N data set on outcomes and casualties in insurgencies. The new indicator is significantly associated with both military outcomes and the number of casualties in insurgencies since 1970 and strengthens statistical predictions.