Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automated Patient Information Systems for Federal Government Hospitals in Nigeria.

Patient information system has been discovered to be the key contributor to success in the prescription of drugs for major ailments like diabetes and others. This research has discovered difficulties that the medical experts are facing in the aspect of patient information system. The solutions to those difficulties have been considered in the design and development of this automated prescription and patient information system. This work applied the technology of artificial intelligence in combination with the technology of distributed database system for the development of hybrid automated system. The hybrid automated system has been specially designed to be used by Federal Government hospitals in Nigeria. The software is of great importance to medical professionals like doctors, and nurses. In situations where a medical expert is not available, some other medical professionals like young doctors and nurses could consult the computerized expert system for diagnosis and prescription of drugs based on patient information system. The Ministry of Health can easily install this software at the Federal Government hospitals in support of available human resources. The automated system is to assist in management of the database of the patients’ particularly diabetic ones [6], [7]. This research applied distributed database system for patient information system. It shows how the query is distributed to the various Informix database servers by a coordinating Informix database server, and how the coordinator reassembles, transforms, and aggregates the intermediate results from the various participating database servers for prescription and patient information system. Key Words: Diabetes, prescription and patient information system, artificial intelligence, medical expert system
Experimental investigation of thermal degradation for three kinds of wood

Wood is one of the largest materials used currently for house product. Thus, it is a necessity to studythe thermal behavior of wood during fire. For that raison, this work aims to compare three kinds ofwood (one raw wood and two plywoods) with their thermal degradation data.Wood is present under different form like raw wood or plywood. These two sorts of wood have beentested to determinate their general thermal behavior during fire. Tests have been conducted in a conecalorimeter apparatus at heat fluxes from 10 to 60kW.m-². The mass loss and the time to ignition havebeen continuously monitored during each experiment. Moreover, the cone calorimeter has beencoupled with two gas analyzers (FTIR and HORIBA) in order to characterize the exhaust gasesemitted during the experiments.This work is composed of two parts. Firstly, a comparison of the thermal behavior of the three kinds ofwood is led. It concerns the stages of the thermal degradation and the estimation of ignitability andcombustibility parameters. Secondly, the comparison concerns the gases emitted during the thermaldegradation of the two plywoods and the raw wood. Indeed, one of the major aspects of thedegradation comes from the smoke and the products of combustion. Indeed, in the past physical andthermal aspect have been conducted in different kinds of wood, but few on the gases emitted duringthe combustion whereas this aspect of the degradation represent a lot of hazards to take into account.
Automation of Determination of Optimal Intra-Compute Node Parallelism

Maximizing the productivity of modern multicore and manycore chips requires optimizing parallelism at the compute node level. This is, however, a complex multi-step process. It is an iterative method requiring determining optimal degrees of parallel scalability and optimizing memory access behavior. Further, there are multiple cases to be considered, programs which use only MPI or OpenMP and hybrid (MPI +OpenMP) programs. This paper presents a set of three coordinated workflows for determining the optimal parallelism at the program level for MPI programs and at the loop level for hybrid (MPI+OpenMP) cases. The paper also details mostly automated implementations of these workflows using the PerfExpert infrastructure. Finally the paper presents case studies demonstrating both the applicability and the effectiveness of optimizing parallelism at the compute node level. The results shown in the paper will provide valuable information to further advance in the full automation of the workflows. The software implementing the parallelism scalability optimization is open source and available for download. I. BACKGROUND A majority of the scientific and engineering applications executed on high performance computer clusters implement intra-node parallelism through MPI. While many if not most MPI libraries incorporate low overhead modes of communication among tasks executing on a single compute node, all the loops will normally have the same degree of parallelism. It is often the case however, that the optimal degree of parallelism may vary among the loops of the application. Therefore, customizing the level of parallelism of each loop may provide performance benefits. Applications that incorporate loop level parallelism using a threading package such as OpenMP are referred to as hybrid programs. Because threading at the loop level adds overhead there is a need to be able to estimate the potential benefit from adding loop level parallelism. Also, due to this overhead it may not always be beneficial to add loop level parallelization. This forces us to introduce a threshold that indicates when adding this parallelization may be
Methods for comparative effectiveness based on time to confirmed disability progression with irregular observations in multiple sclerosis

Real-world data sources offer opportunities to compare the effectiveness of treatments in practical clinical settings. However, relevant outcomes are often recorded selectively and collected at irregular measurement times. It is therefore common to convert the available visits to a standardized schedule with equally spaced visits. Although more advanced imputation methods exist, they are not designed to recover longitudinal outcome trajectories and typically assume that missingness is non-informative. We, therefore, propose an extension of multilevel multiple imputation methods to facilitate the analysis of real-world outcome data that is collected at irregular observation times. We illustrate multilevel multiple imputation in a case study evaluating two disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis in terms of time to confirmed disability progression. This survival outcome is derived from repeated measurements of the Expanded Disability Status Scale, which is collected when patients come to the healthcare center for a clinical visit and for which longitudinal trajectories can be estimated. Subsequently, we perform a simulation study to compare the performance of multilevel multiple imputation to commonly used single imputation methods. Results indicate that multilevel multiple imputation leads to less biased treatment effect estimates and improves the coverage of confidence intervals, even when outcomes are missing not at random.
Active Data - Enabling Smart Data Life Cycle Management for Large Distributed Scientific Data Sets. (Active Data - Gestion Intelligente du Cycle de Vie des Grands Jeux de Données Scientifiques Distribués)

In all domains, scientific progress relies more and more on our ability to exploit ever growing volumes of data. However, as datavolumes increase, their management becomes more difficult. A key point is to deal with the complexity of data life cycle management,i.e. all the operations that happen to data between their creation and there deletion: transfer, archiving, replication, disposal etc.These formerly straightforward operations become intractable when data volume grows dramatically, because of the heterogeneity ofdata management software on the one hand, and the complexity of the infrastructures involved on the other.In this thesis, we introduce Active Data, a meta-model, an implementation and a programming model that allow to represent formally and graphically the life cycle of data distributed in an assemblage of heterogeneous systems and infrastructures, naturally exposing replication, distribution and different data identifiers. Once connected to existing applications, Active Data exposes the progress of data through their life cycle at runtime to users and programs, while keeping their track as it passes from a system to another.The Active Data programming model allows to execute code at each step of the data life cycle. Programs developed with Active Datahave access at any time to the complete state of data in any system and infrastructure it is distributed to.We present micro-benchmarks and usage scenarios that demonstrate the expressivity of the programming model and the implementationquality. Finally, we describe the implementation of a Data Surveillance framework based on Active Data for theAdvanced Photon Source experiment that allows scientists to monitor the progress of their data, automate most manual tasks,get relevant notifications from huge amount of events, and detect and recover from errors without human intervention.This work provides interesting perspectives in data provenance and open data in particular, while facilitating collaboration betweenscientists from different communities.
Insect Migration: Forecasting migrant pests

Part I. Insect Migration in Relation to Weather and Climate: 1. Long-range insect migration in relation to climate and weather: Africa and Europe D. E. Pedgley, D. R. Reynolds and G. M. Tatchell 2. Insect migration in North America: synoptic-scale transport in a highly seasonal environment S. J. Johnson 3. Migration of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera in East Asia: the role of weather and climate R. Kisimoto and K. Sogawa 4. Migration of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata in East Asia in relation to weather and climate. I. Northeastern China R. -L. Chen, Y. -J Sun, S. -Y. Wang, B. -P. Zhai and X. -Y. Bao 5. Migration of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata in East Asia in relation to weather and climate. II. Korea J. -H. Lee and K. -B. Uhm 6. Migration of the oriental armyworm Mythimna separata in East Asia in relation to weather and climate. III. Japan K. Hirai 7. Insect migration in an arid continent. I. The common armyworm Mythimna convecta in eastern Australia G. McDonald 8. Insect migration in an arid continent. II. Helicoverpa spp. in eastern Australia P. C. Gregg, G. P. Fitt, M. P. Zalucki and D. A. H. Murray 9. Insect migration in an arid continent. III. The Australian Plague Locust Chortoicetes terminifera and the native budworm Helicoverpa punctigera in Western Australia K. J. Walden Part II. Adaptions for Migration: 10. Migratory potential in insects: variation in an uncertain environment A. G. Gatehouse and X. -X. Zhang 11. Insect migration in heterogeneous environments K. Wilson 12. The regulation of migration in Helicoverpa armigera J. Colvin 13. Physiological integration of migration in Lepidoptera J. N. McNeil, M. Cusson, J. Delisle, I. Orchard and S. S. Tobe 14. Aerodynamics, energetics and reproductive constraints of migratory flight in insects R. Dudley Part III. Forecasting Migrant Pests: 15. Operational aspects of forecasting migrant insect pests R. K. Day and J. D. Knight 16. Geographic information systems and remotely sensed data for determining the seasonal distribution of habitats of migrant insect pests T. P. Robinson 17. Forecasting systems for migrant pests. I. The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in China B. -H. Zhou, H. -K. Wang and X. -N. Cheng 18. Forecasting systems for migrant pests. II. The rice planthoppers Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera in Japan T. Watanabe 19. Forecasting systems for migrant pests. III. Locusts and grasshoppers in West Africa and Madagascar M. Lecoq Part IV. Overview and Synthesis: 20. Forecasting migrant insect pests J. I. Magor 21. Insect migration: a holistic conceptual model V. A. Drake, A. G. Gatehouse and R. A. Farrow Index.
A simple strategy based on �bers coated with surfactant-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve the properties of solid-phase microextraction of phenols in aqueous solution

Methods and Experiments: In this study, a functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-coated solid-phase microextraction (SPME) �ber was developed for concentrating analytes in aqueous samples. Sodium deoxycholate(NaDC) was used as a dispersing agent for non-covalent modi�cation of MWCNTs. The coating showed porous structure and large adsorption capacity. To investigate the capability of this MWCNTs/NaDC SPME �ber, it was applied to the analysis of phenols in aqueous solution. After extraction, the analytes were desorbed in an acetonitrile–water solution and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: The MWCNTs/NaDC �ber exhibited good analytical performance, and �ne preparation reproducibility was obtained with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 4.9% to 10.2% (n = 6) in one batch, from 5.7% to 11.9% (n = 3) among different batches. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the detection limits were 0.15–0.30 ng/mL(S/N=3), the linear detection ranges were 1–100 ng/mL (R2 ≥ 0.9997) for these analytes, and good recoveries(80.3%–95.4%) were obtained for the spiked samples. Conclusion: This is a simple and accurate pretreatment method for the analysis of phenols in aqueous samples.
The Wave Kernel

Let us return to the subject of " good distributions " as exemplified by Dirac delta 'functions' and the Schwartz kernels of pseudodifferential operators. In fact we shall associate a space of " conormal distributions " with any submanifold of a manifold. Thus let X be a C ∞ manifold and Y ⊂ X a closed embedded submanifold – we can easily drop the assumption that Y is closed and even replace embedded by immersed, but let's treat the simplest case first! To say that Y is embedded means that each ¯ y ∈ Y has a coordinate neighbourhood U, in X, with coordinate x 1 ,. , x n in terms of which ¯ y = 0 and (9.1) Y ∩ U = {x, = · · · = x k = 0}.
Statistical Identification of Synchronous Spiking

4 Models for coarse temporal dependence 10 4.1 Cross-correlation histogram (CCH) . 11 4.2 Statistical hypothesis testing . 12 4.3 Independent homogeneous Poisson process (HPP) model . 13 4.3. 1 Bootstrap approximation . 14 4.3. 2 Monte Carlo approximation . 15 4.3. 3 Bootstrap . 15 4.3. 4 Acceptance bands . 15 4.3. 5 Conditional inference . 16 4.3. 6 Uniform model and conditional modeling . 16 4.3. 7 Model-based correction . 17 4.4 Identical trials models . 17 4.4.1 Joint peri-stimulus time histogram (JPSTH) . 18 4.4.2 Independent inhomogeneous Poisson process (IPP) model . 18 4.4.3 Exchangeable model and trial shuffling . 20 4.4.4 Trial-to-trial variability (TTV) models . 22 4.5 Temporal smoothness models . 23 4.5. 1 Independent inhomogeneous slowly-varying Poisson model . 24 4.5. 2 ∆-uniform model and jitter . 25 4.5. 3 Heuristic spike resampling methods . 27 4.6 Generalized regression models . 27 4.7 Multiple spike trains and more general precise spike timing . 30 4.8 Comparisons across conditions . 31
Collaboration Opportunities for Content Delivery and Network Infrastructures

5 Traffic Trends: Content Server Diversity 17 5.1 Residential ISP Traces . 17 5.2 Server Diversity and DNS Load Balancing . 19 5.3 Server Location Diversity . 1 9 5.4 Impact on Traffic Localization . 2 4 5.5 Summary . 25
Single-Path NAS: Device-Aware Efficient ConvNet Design

Can we automatically design a Convolutional Network (ConvNet) with the highest image classification accuracy under the latency constraint of a mobile device? Neural Architecture Search (NAS) for ConvNet design is a challenging problem due to the combinatorially large design space and search time (at least 200 GPU-hours). To alleviate this complexity, we propose Single-Path NAS, a novel differentiable NAS method for designing device-efficient ConvNets in less than 4 hours. 1. Novel NAS formulation: our method introduces a single-path, over-parameterized ConvNet to encode all architectural decisions with shared convolutional kernel parameters. 2. NAS efficiency: Our method decreases the NAS search cost down to 8 epochs (30 TPU-hours), i.e., up to 5,000x faster compared to prior work. 3. On-device image classification: Single-Path NAS achieves 74.96% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet with 79ms inference latency on a Pixel 1 phone, which is state-of-the-art accuracy compared to NAS methods with similar latency (<80ms).
A Primer on Capital Structure

IV Imperfect Capital Markets and The Real World 8 A Taxes . 8 B Bankruptcy Costs . 14 C Operating Policy . 17 C.1 Free Cash Flow . 17 C.2 Bondholder Expropriation through Project Risk Changes . 18 C.3 The No-Liquidation Problem . 20 C.4 Bondholder Expropriation through Issuance of Bonds of Similar Priority . 21 C.5 Underinvestment . 22 C.6 Strategic Considerations . 23 D Inside Information . 24 E Transaction Costs . 26
Molecular epidemiology of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae among invasive isolates from Alaska, 1986–2010

Background After the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in Alaska, the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to non-vaccine serotypes, particularly serotype 19A, increased. The aim of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiology of IPD due to serotype 19A in Alaska. Methods IPD data were collected from 1986 to 2010 through population-based laboratory surveillance. Isolates were serotyped by the Quellung reaction and MICs determined by broth microdilution. Genotypes were assessed by multilocus sequence typing. Results Among 3,294 cases of laboratory-confirmed IPD, 2,926 (89%) isolates were available for serotyping, of which 233 (8%) were serotype 19A. Across all ages, the proportion of IPD caused by serotype 19A increased from 3.5% (63/1823) pre-PCV7 (1986–2000) to 15.4% (170/1103) post-PCV7 (2001–2010) (p<0.001); among children <5 years of age, the proportion increased from 5.0% (39/776) to 33.0% (76/230) (p<0.001). The annual incidence rate of IPD due to serotype 19A (all ages) increased from 0.73 cases pre-PCV7 to 2.56 cases/100,000 persons post-PCV7 (p<0.001); rates among children <5 years of age increased from 4.84 cases to 14.1 cases/100,000 persons (p<0.001). Among all IPD isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin, 17.8% (32/180) were serotype 19A pre-PCV7 and 64% (121/189) were serotype 19A post-PCV7 (p<0.001). Eighteen different sequence types (STs) were identified; ST199 or single locus variants of ST199 (n=150) and ST172 (n=59) accounted for the majority of isolates. Multidrug-resistant isolates were clustered in ST199 and ST320. Conclusion While PCV13 should significantly reduce the burden of disease due to 19A, these data highlight the need to continue surveillance for IPD to monitor the effects of vaccination on the expansion and emergence of non-PCV strains.
Ivermectin: uses and impact 20 years on

Purpose of review Ivermectin was first discovered and used in veterinary medicine over 20 years ago. This review highlights some of the recent published research from 2005 through June 2006 on the use of ivermectin in both helminth and arthropod infection. Recent findings In recent years, several published studies have detailed the expanding role for ivermectin in multiple endo and ectoparasitic infections, including scabies, pediculosis, soil transmitted helminths, gnathostomiasis and myiasis. In addition, there is increasing experience with parenteral ivermectin for the treatment of disseminated strongyloidiasis. The success of ivermectin in reducing Onchocerca volvulus and Wuchereria bancrofti transmission through universal treatment in disease control programs continues to be well documented, but recent epidemiologic data describe suboptimal response to ivermectin by O. volvulus in a minority of individuals, the molecular markers for which are currently under investigation. Summary Over 20 years of research and clinical use have advanced ivermectin from its beginnings as a veterinary anthelmintic to its significant role in several successful disease control programs. Nevertheless, further research is needed to understand the basis for suboptimal response and to better define optimal drug regimens for varying diseases.
[The detection of circulating hepatocellular carcinoma cells in peripheral venous blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE To detect circulating hepatocellular carcinoma by demonstrating hepatocellular carcinoma cells-associated mRNA in the nuclear cell component of peripheral blood (PBL). METHOD Peripheral blood (5 ml) samples were obtained from 93 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and from 37 controls (15 controls with liver cirrhosis after hepatitis B, 12 chronic hepatitis B, and 10 normal liver function). To identify HCC cells in peripheral blood, liver-specific human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) mRNA was amplified from total RNA extracted from whole blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULT AFP mRNA was detected in 50 blood samples from the patients with HCC (53.8%). In contrast, there were no clinical control patients whose samples showed detectable AFP mRNA in PBL. The presence of AFP mRNA in blood seemed to be correlated with the stage (by TNM classification) of HCC, the serum AFP value, and the presence of intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein thrombosis, tumor diameter and/or distant metastasis. AFP mRNA was detected in the blood of 21 patients showing metastasis at extrahepatic organs (100%) in contrast to 29 of 72 patients without metastasis (40.3%). CONCLUSION The presence of AFP mRNA in peripheral blood may be an indicator of malignant hepatocytes, which might predict hematogenous spreading metastasis of tumor cells in patients with HCC.
Corresponding Ganglion Cell Atrophy in Patients With Postgeniculate Homonymous Visual Field Loss

Background: The goal of our study was to look for the presence of homonymous ganglion cell layer–inner plexiform layer complex (GCL-IPL) thinning using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with a history of adult-onset injury to the postgeniculate pathways with rigorous radiological exclusion of geniculate and pregeniculate pathology. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of twenty-two patients (ages 24–75 y, 6 men, 16 women) with homonymous visual field (VF) defects secondary to postgeniculate injury examining the GCL-IPL with SD-OCT. An additional fifteen patients (ages 28–85 y, 5 men, 10 women) with no visual pathway pathology served as controls. Using segmentation analysis software applied to the macular scan, a normalized asymmetry score was calculated for each eye comparing GCL-IPL thickness ipsilateral vs contralateral to the patient's brain lesions. Results: We found that 15 of the twenty-two subjects had a relative thinning of the GCL-IPL ipsilateral to the postgeniculate lesion in both eyes (represented by a positive normalized asymmetry score in both eyes), whereas a similar pattern of right/left asymmetry was found in 4 controls (P = 0.0498). The magnitude of asymmetry was much greater in subjects compared with controls (P = 0.0004). There was no association between the degree of GCL-IPL thinning and the mean deviation on automated VF testing. A moderate correlation (R = 0.782, P = 0.004) between the magnitude of thinning and latency from onset of retrogeniculate injury was observed only after excluding patients beyond a cutoff point of 150 months. Conclusions: This data provides compelling new evidence of retrograde transsynaptic degeneration causing retinal ganglion cell loss after postgeniculate visual pathway injury.