Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Condensation transition in a model with attractive particles and non-local hops

We study a one-dimensional nonequilibrium lattice model with competing features of particle attraction and non-local hops. The system is similar to a zero-range process (ZRP) with attractive particles but the particles can make both local and non-local hops. The length of the non-local hop is dependent on the occupancy of the chosen site and its probability is given by the parameter p. Our numerical results show that the system undergoes a phase transition from a condensate phase to a homogeneous density phase as p is increased beyond a critical value pc. A mean-field approximation does not predict a phase transition and describes only the condensate phase. We provide heuristic arguments for understanding the numerical results.
Feshbach molecule formation through an oscillating magnetic field: subharmonic resonances

The conversion of ultracold atoms to molecules via a magnetic Feshbach resonance with a sinusoidal modulation of the field is studied. Different practical realizations of this method in Bose atomic gases are analyzed. Our model incorporates many-body effects through an effective reduction of the complete microscopic dynamics. Moreover, we simulate the experimental conditions corresponding to the preparation of the system as a thermal gas and as a condensate. Some of the experimental findings are clarified. The origin of the observed dependence of the production efficiency on the frequency, amplitude, and application time of the magnetic modulation is elucidated. Our results uncover also the role of the atomic density in the dynamics, specifically, in the observed saturation of the atom–molecule conversion process.
OUTFLOWS FROM ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: KINEMATICS OF THE NARROW-LINE AND CORONAL-LINE REGIONS IN SEYFERT GALAXIES,

As part of an extensive study of the physical properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) we report high spatial resolution near-IR integral-field spectroscopy of the narrow-line region (NLR) and coronal-line region (CLR) of seven Seyfert galaxies. These measurements elucidate for the first time the two-dimensional spatial distribution and kinematics of the recombination line Brγ and high-ionization lines [Si vi], [Al ix], and [Ca viii] on scales <300 pc from the AGN. The observations reveal kinematic signatures of rotation and outflow in the NLR and CLR. The spatially resolved kinematics can be modeled as a combination of an outflow bicone and a rotating disk coincident with the molecular gas. High-excitation emission is seen in both components, suggesting it is leaking out of a clumpy torus. While NGC 1068 (Seyfert 2) is viewed nearly edge-on, intermediate-type Seyferts are viewed at intermediate angles, consistent with unified schemes. A correlation between the outflow velocity and the molecular gas mass in r < 30 pc indicates that the accumulation of gas around the AGN increases the collimation and velocity of the outflow. The outflow rate is 2–3 orders of magnitude greater than the accretion rate, implying that the outflow is mass loaded by the surrounding interstellar medium (ISM). In half of the observed AGNs, the kinetic power of the outflow is of the order of the power required by two-stage feedback models to be thermally coupled to the ISM and to match the MBH–σ* relation. In these objects, the radio jet is clearly interacting with the ISM, indicative of a link between jet power and outflow power.
NF-κB Mutations in Germinal Center B-Cell Lymphomas: Relation to NF-κB Function in Normal B Cells

Most B cell lymphomas arise from the oncogenic transformation of B cells that have undergone the germinal center (GC) reaction of the T cell-dependent immune response, where high-affinity memory B cells and plasma cells are generated. The high proliferation of GC B cells coupled with occasional errors in the DNA-modifying processes of somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination put the cell at a risk to obtain transforming genetic aberrations, which may activate proto-oncogenes or inactivate tumour suppressor genes. Several subtypes of GC lymphomas harbor genetic mutations leading to constitutive, aberrant activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In normal B cells, NF-κB has crucial biological roles in development and physiology. GC lymphomas highjack these activities to promote tumour-cell growth and survival. It has become increasingly clear that the separate canonical and non-canonical routes of the NF-κB pathway and the five downstream NF-κB transcription factors have distinct functions in the successive stages of GC B-cell development. These findings may have direct implications for understanding how aberrant NF-κB activation promotes the genesis of various GC lymphomas corresponding to the developmentally distinct GC B-cell subsets. The knowledge arising from these studies may be explored for the development of precision medicine approaches aimed at more effective treatments of the corresponding tumours with specific NF-κB inhibitors, thus reducing systemic toxicity. We here provide an overview on the patterns of genetic NF-κB mutations encountered in the various GC lymphomas and discuss the consequences of aberrant NF-κB activation in those malignancies as related to the biology of NF-κB in their putative normal cellular counterparts.
Towards a One Health Food Safety Strategy for Palestine: A Mixed-Method Study

Abstract Introduction: Foodborne diseases, together with increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), pose a threat to public health in an era of huge challenges with climate change and the risks of zoonotic epidemics. A One Health approach to foster food safety is a key for improvement, particularly in complex socio-ecological systems such as in Palestine, to examine human–animal-environment interfaces and promote intersectoral action. Objectives: This study aimed to assess food safety from farm to public health toward an operational One Health strategy for Palestine. This study evaluates the food production (broiler production) and monitoring system to better understanding the zoonotic foodborne illnesses transmission and their resistance to antimicrobials. Methods: The transdisciplinary approach included multi-stakeholder discussion groups and field visits to broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and meat stores in the Ramallah and Al-Bireh and Jerusalem districts using a semi-structured observational tool. A survey with 337 poultry producers and workers in slaughterhouses and meat stores was conducted to assess hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices during broiler meat production. Results: The stakeholders point out various challenges along the food production chain in Palestine, such as a striking scarcity of public slaughterhouses, insufficient coordination between authorities, a gap between public and private sectors, and inconsistent application of the law. From observations, it appears that, unlike traditional broiler production, the public slaughterhouses and meat markets have effective hygiene, while large-scale farms implement biosecurity measures. Overall, surveyed participants reported that they are aware of zoonotic disease transmission routes and value hygiene standards. Semi-structured observations and survey results are contradictory. Observations indicate poor hygiene practices; however, the vast majority of broiler meat production chain workers claim that hygiene standards are met. Discussion and Conclusions: Our study found that the overuse of antimicrobials, system fragmentation, insufficient infrastructure, a lack of regulations and controls, and poor hygiene practices are among the main obstacles to improving food safety in Palestine. Considering the risk of an important human health burden of food-related illnesses, enhancing food safety in Palestine is required using an integrated One Health approach. It is crucial to develop an integrated quality control system for food production along with promoting on-farm biosecurity and antimicrobial stewardship. Infrastructure, especially slaughterhouses and laboratories, must be built, training and education provided, and consumer awareness raised. As an important added value within a One Health strategy for better food safety in Palestine, research should be reinforced and accompany any future development of the food production monitoring system.
Size- and Stereochemistry-Dependent Transcriptional Bypass of DNA Alkyl Phosphotriester Adducts in Mammalian Cells

Environmental, endogenous and therapeutic alkylating agents can react with internucleotide phosphate groups in DNA to yield alkyl phosphotriester (PTE) adducts. Alkyl-PTEs are induced at relatively high frequencies and are persistent in mammalian tissues; however, their biological consequences in mammalian cells have not been examined. Herein, we assessed how alkyl-PTEs with different alkyl group sizes and stereochemical configurations (SP and RP diastereomers of Me and nPr) affect the efficiency and fidelity of transcription in mammalian cells. We found that, while the RP diastereomer of Me- and nPr-PTEs constituted moderate and strong blockages to transcription, respectively, the SP diastereomer of the two lesions did not appreciably perturb transcription efficiency. In addition, none of the four alkyl-PTEs induced mutant transcripts. Furthermore, polymerase η assumed an important role in promoting transcription across the SP-Me-PTE, but not any of other three lesions. Loss of other translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases tested, including Pol κ, Pol ι, Pol ξ and REV1, did not alter the transcription bypass efficiency or mutation frequency for any of the alkyl-PTE lesions. Together, our study provided important new knowledge about the impact of alkyl-PTE lesions on transcription and expanded the substrate pool of Pol η in transcriptional bypass.
Metallic Quantum Ferromagnets

This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers NSF DMR-09-29966, DMR-09-01907, DMR-1401410, and DMR-1401449, and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant number FOR-960. Part of this work has been supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant. No. PHYS-1066293 and the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics.
Oral Microbiome and Dental Caries Development

Dental caries remains the most prevalent oral disease worldwide. The development of dental caries is highly associated with the microbiota in the oral cavity. Microbiological research of dental caries has been conducted for over a century, with conventional culture-based methods and targeted molecular methods being used in order to identify the microorganisms related to dental caries. These methods’ major limitation is that they can identify only part of the culturable microorganisms in the oral cavity. Introducing sequencing-based technology and bioinformatics analysis has boosted oral microbiome research and greatly expanded the understanding of complex oral microbiology. With the continuing revolution of molecular technologies and the accumulated sequence data of the oral microbiome, researchers have realized that microbial composition alone may be insufficient to uncover the relationship between caries and the microbiome. Most updated evidence has coupled metagenomics with transcriptomics and metabolomics techniques in order to comprehensively understand the microbial contribution to dental caries. Therefore, the objective of this article is to give an overview of the research of the oral microbiome and the development of dental caries. This article reviews the classical concepts of the microbiological aspect of dental caries and updates the knowledge of caries microbiology with the results of current studies on the oral microbiome. This paper also provides an update on the caries etiological theory, the microorganisms related to caries development, and the shifts in the microbiome in dental caries development.
Ultra‐wideband planar patch antenna array using multimode resonant antenna element for millimeter‐wave applications

This letter proposes an ultra‐wideband planar patch antenna array in a millimeter wave (mmW) band. The radiation element consists of a pair of symmetrical E‐shaped patches and two pairs of grounded metallic vias. A microstrip line is selected to excite the antenna element through an H‐shaped coupling slot. The entire structure is designed on two substrates, which makes it have a relatively low cost. The periodic boundaries are adopted in element simulation to achieve good agreement of performances between the element and the final array. The proposed element exhibits triple‐resonant characteristics and achieves a working bandwidth of 62%. By employing the proposed element, an 8 × 8 array with a 1‐to‐64 full‐corporate feeding network is designed, manufactured, and measured. The measured results demonstrate that the fabricated array prototype realizes an impedance bandwidth of 71% from 22 to 46.3 GHz covering all 5G mmW bands in the K/Ka band, a gain from 18.2 to 23.4 dBi over the whole operating bandwidth, and cross‐polarization levels below –30 dB. With the merits of an ultra‐wideband, stable radiation, and a low cost, the proposed array can be applied to long‐distance mmW communications and related applications.
Prostate Cancer after Percutaneous Arterial Embolization of the Prostate: A Case Report

We report a patient with prostate cancer found 2 years after percutaneous arterial embolization (PAE) of the prostate with a rapid increase in prostate specific antigen (PSA) 3 months later, even though the initial result was low. He did not consult a urologist during or after PAE until acute urinary retention developed. The clinical stage was cT2cN1M1b with Gleason grade 5 + 5 = 10. An increase in PSA a short interval after PAE may suggest the presence of prostate cancer. We suggest that patients undergoing PAE should consult a urologist, and that PSA levels should be checked every 3 months in the first year after PSA.
A brief review on the molecular biology of human adenoviruses

Human adenoviruses infection causes diseases worldwide in all age groups and genders, which is associated with a wide range of diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and the eye, but they are often isolated from the pharynx and stool of asymptomatic children. However, in developing countries, diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality; and after rotaviruses, human adenoviruses are considered to be the second most important cause of viral infantile diarrhea. Also, human adenoviruses cause fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in healthy adults and are especially fatal in infants and immune-compromised individuals. This review summarizes both classical and contemporary discoveries in the study of human adenoviruses at the molecular level, with particular emphasis on viral receptors, capsid proteins, nucleic acid, and genome properties as well as the molecular interactions governing the virion assembly. In this article, we provide insightful information concerning the molecular aspects of human adenoviruses. This would develop an understanding of the virus and serve as a powerful tool in identifying new approaches for the prevention and treatment of adenoviral infection.
The Impact of Digital Marketing vs. Traditional Marketing on Consumer Buying Behavior

Objectives: This research aims to measure the impact of digital marketing vs. traditional marketing on consumer behavior by analyzing their motives and reasons related to the orientation and purchase of products or services through social media and identifying the differences in marketing strategies used depending on the demographics of respondents. Methods: The research was realized based on primary data. For the realization of the research objectives and questions, a quantitative method was used, where 400 citizens of Kosovo were a part of the research. Findings: Based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) model, it turned out that the two marketing types impact consumer buying behavior, but digital marketing turned out to be the indicator with the greatest impact on deciding to make purchases. Also, based on the t-test and ANOVA, there was no significant difference in using traditional and digital marketing types depending on demographic variables. Novelty/improvement:Through this research, businesses receive comments on the preferences of citizens for the marketing type and the possible offers depending on the preferences, as well as the impact of traditional and digital marketing on the purchasing behavior of consumers. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-03-08 Full Text: PDF
Effect of Dietary Rumen-Degradable Starch to Rumen-Degradable Protein Ratio on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Microbial Protein Synthesis

Simple Summary Synchronizing the energy and nitrogen supply in the rumen was reported to improve feed efficiency; however, synchronization indicators were rarely reported. The present study was conducted using a batch culture technique to evaluate the optimal rumen-degradable starch (RDS) and rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio (SPR) for synchronizing the energy and nitrogen supply for dairy cows. The in vitro disappearance of dry matter and neutral and acid detergent fiber, gas production and microbial crude protein synthesis quadratically increased with increasing the SPR and peaked at 2.3. Although an in vivo study could be further needed, our results provided an optimal SPR range for dairy cows to synchronize the energy and nitrogen supply. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS, g/kg of DM) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP, g/kg of DM) ratios (SPR) on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis (MCPS). Treatments were eight diets with SPR of 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 and were formulated to be isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and isostarch. Substrates were anaerobically incubated in sealed culture vials (100 mL) for 6, 24 or 48 h. Three incubation runs were conducted within two consecutive weeks. With the increase of the dietary SPR, the gas production (GP), in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) and concentration of MCPS and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) linearly increased after 6 h of incubation (p ≤ 0.01), whereas they quadratically increased and peaked at the SPR of 2.3 after 24 and 48 h of incubation (p < 0.05). In response to dietary SPR increasing, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVNDFD) quadratically increased (p < 0.01), and the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration linearly decreased (p < 0.01) after 6, 24 and 48 h of incubation. Based on the presented results, an SPR of 2.3 is recommended for formulating a diet due to its greatest IVDMD, IVNDFD, GP, TVFA and MCPS. However, as the results obtained are strictly dependent on the in vitro conditions, further in vivo studies are needed to verify our findings.
Giant thermopower and figure of merit in single-molecule devices

We present a study of the thermopower S and the dimensionless figure of merit ZT in molecules sandwiched between gold electrodes. We show that for molecules with side groups, the shape of the transmission coefficient can be dramatically modified by Fano resonances near the Fermi energy, which can be tuned to produce huge increases in S and ZT. This shows that molecules exhibiting Fano resonances have a high efficiency of thermoelectric cooling which is not present for conventional ungated molecules with only delocalized states along their backbone.
Radiative model of neutrino mass with neutrino interacting MeV dark matter

We consider the radiative generation of neutrino mass through the interactions of neutrinos with MeV dark matter. We construct a realistic renormalizable model with one scalar doublet (in additional to the standard model doublet) and one complex singlet together with three light singlet Majorana fermions, all transforming under a dark U(1)D symmetry which breaks softly to Z2. We study in detail the scalar sector which supports this specific scenario and its rich phenomenology.
2mass/Hipparcos Extinctions and Distances in the Serpens - Aquila Region IV. Error Propagation. Individual stars and mean values

1 Abstract We estimate errors from the application of the main sequence (H− K)0 vs. (J− H)0 and (J− K)0 vs. MJ relations on 2mass photometry to provide stellar extinctions and distances. The error propagation on individual stars in the Serpens - Aquila star forming region is investigated. Results: errors on the J− band extinctionAJ are found in the range from 0.05 to 0.20 mag and peak at� 0.1. For the absolute J− band magnitudes theMJ range is found from 0.1 to 0.5 mag and the distribution has a pronounced maximum at� 0.3 mag. Individual relative distance errors, �distance/distance, are found in the interval from 8% to 25% and peak at 15%. If cloud distances are identified with the location of a local maximum of the AJ(median)/distance(median) variation the Serpens - Aquila cloud may be at 203� 7 pc. We propose that the median absolute deviation from the median of AJ could be used as a cloud distance indicator
Variations of 14C around AD 775 and AD 1795 – due to solar activity

The motivation for our study is the disputed cause for the strong variation of 14C around AD 775. Our method is to compare the 14C variation around AD 775 with other periods of strong variability. Our results are: (a) We see three periods, where 14C varied over 200 yr in a special way showing a certain pattern of strong secular variation: after a Grand Minimum with strongly increasing 14C, there is a series of strong short-term drop(s), rise(s), and again drop(s) within 60 yr, ending up to 200 yr after the start of the Grand Minimum. These three periods include the strong rises around BC 671, AD 775, and AD 1795. (b) We show with several solar activity proxies (radioisotopes, sunspots, and aurorae) for the AD 770s and 1790s that such intense rapid 14C increases can be explained by strong rapid decreases in solar activity and, hence, wind, so that the decrease in solar modulation potential leads to an increase in radioisotope production. (c) The strong rises around AD 775 and 1795 are due to three effects, (i) very strong activity in the previous cycles (i.e. very low 14C level), (ii) the declining phase of a very strong Schwabe cycle, and (iii) a phase of very weak activity after the strong 14C rise – very short and/or weak cycle(s) like the suddenly starting Dalton minimum. (d) Furthermore, we can show that the strong change at AD 1795 happened after a pair of two packages of four Schwabe cycles with certain hemispheric leadership (each package consists of two Gnevyshev-Ohl pairs, respectively two Hale-Babcock pairs). We show with several additional arguments that the rise around AD 775 was not that special. We conclude that such large, short-term rises in 14C (around BC 671, AD 775, and 1795) do not need to be explained by highly unlikely solar super-flares nor other rare events, but by extra-solar cosmic rays modulated due to solar activity variations. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theory and simulations of air shower radio emission

A precise understanding of the radio emission from extensive air showers is of fundamental importance for the design of cosmic ray radio detectors as well as the analysis and interpretation of their data. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in the understanding of the emission physics both in macroscopic and microscopic frameworks. A consistent picture has emerged: the emission stems mainly from time-varying transverse currents and a time-varying charge excess; in addition, Cherenkov-like compression of the emission due to the refractive index gradient in the atmosphere can lead to time-compression of the emitted pulses and thus high-frequency contributions in the signal. In this article, I discuss the evolution of the modelling in recent years, present the emission physics as it is understood today, and conclude with a description and comparison of the models currently being actively developed.