Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subjunctives, Unselected Embedded Questions, and Clausal Polarity Items

examines the notion of Clause Type (Cheng 1991), which isstandardly assumed to be a function of the syntactic and semantic properties of anembedded clause (specified on the complementiser C and on verbal inflection V andI) and its embedding predicate. We examine a potentially problematic construction,which we term the Unselected Embedded Question (UEQ), and argue that the ClauseType of a UEQ involves not only the syntactic and semantic specification of C and I,but also of a polar determiner D which heads the clause. We show how a complex setof distributional correlations between the specifications of C, I, V and Dstraightforwardly derives from two Minimalist principles:A Only uninterpretable features attract (Chomsky 1995: 282)B The Minimal Link Condition (Chomsky 1995: 311)1. Basic Data: Selection and MeaningThe structure of embedded clauses (Clause Type, following Cheng 1991) isusually assumed to be a function of s-selectional requirements of a head interactingwith some local syntactic specification, such as c-selection or Case (Grimshaw 1979,Pesetsky 1982, 1991). There is an apparent problem for this view in a class of caseswhere a head which seemingly s-selects for one clause type will occur with another
Computerized Detection of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Progression

Calcium oxalate crystals in plants can cause health issues such as kidney stones if ingested in large amounts. Calcium oxalate crystallizations affect approximately 4% of plants. Some of these crystallizations are more common, and human and animal ingestion can be avoided if the degree of severity is detected at an early stage. Therefore, in this paper, we present a computerized method for detecting calcium oxalate crystallizations at an early stage, when chances for avoiding it are higher. In our research, electron micrograph processing techniques are used to extract features and measure the degree of crystallization progression in cases of crystalized plants and normal plants. A new fast search algorithm—ODS: One Direction Search—is proposed to detect calcium oxalate crystal progression. The calcium oxalate crystal progression is detected on the basis of electron micrographs of calcium oxalate crystals by means of a temporal test. We employed deep learning for feature extraction. The deep learning technique uses transfer learning, which allows the proposed detection model to be trained on only a small amount of data regarding calcium oxalate crystals for the determination of the presence of calcium oxalate crystals and the severity of the cases. The experimental results, using electron micrographs of 6900 clusters, demonstrated a success rate of 97.5% when detecting cases of calcium oxalate crystals. The simulation results of the new temporal algorithm show an enhancement of the speed by 70% compared to well-known temporal algorithms, and increased accuracy when computing PRSN against other algorithms.
Barriers to Implementing Weight Management Recommendations

Dietitians are responsible for using evidence-based practice to mitigate the effects of obesity; however, it is unclear how dietitians use research to guide weight management interventions. The aim of this pilot study was to identify the barriers of research utilization and implementation of evidence-based practice in adult weight management. A survey was disseminated to dietitians working at least part-time with people with obesity. Dietitians seem to value research and evidence-based practice; however, implementation may be an issue. The pilot study found that workplace setting may provide a barrier to research utilization, but dietitian opinion of current screening and referral guidelines may also be a significant barrier to implementing best practices in adult weight management.
Maternal Fructose Intake, Programmed Mitochondrial Function and Predisposition to Adult Disease

Fructose consumption is now recognised as a major risk factor in the development of metabolic diseases, such as hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity. In addition to environmental, social, and genetic factors, an unfavourable intrauterine environment is now also recognised as an important factor in the progression of, or susceptibility to, metabolic disease during adulthood. Developmental trajectory in the short term, in response to nutrient restriction or excessive nutrient availability, may promote adaptation that serves to maintain organ functionality necessary for immediate survival and foetal development. Consequently, this may lead to decreased function of organ systems when presented with an unfavourable neonatal, adolescent and/or adult nutritional environment. These early events may exacerbate susceptibility to later-life disease since sub-optimal maternal nutrition increases the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in future generations. Earlier dietary interventions, implemented in pregnant mothers or those considering pregnancy, may have added benefit. Although, the mechanisms by which maternal diets high in fructose and the vertical transmission of maternal metabolic phenotype may lead to the predisposition to adult disease are poorly understood. In this review, we will discuss the potential contribution of excessive fructose intake during pregnancy and how this may lead to developmental reprogramming of mitochondrial function and predisposition to metabolic disease in offspring.
Validation of the Brief Perceived Positive Lockdown Impact Scale PPLIS-4

Background: Although research showed that positive aspects of the lockdown were perceived during the pandemic, there are no tools to test the positive impact of mandatory social isolation on life. The present study aims to validate a newly developed, brief, four-item perceived positive lockdown impact scale (PPLIS-4). Methods: A cross-sectional online survey study was formed among 4370 adults in three samples: Sample 1 consisted of university students from Poland and Ukraine, Sample 2 consisted of Polish university students under 26 (emerging adults), and Sample 3 consisted of Polish and Ukrainian adults above 25 (non-emerging adults). The standardized questionnaire was used for criterion validity to measure life satisfaction (SWLS), perceived stress (PSS-10), anxiety (GAD-7), and depression (PHQ-9). Results: The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed a one-factor solution in Sample 1 in Polish and Ukrainian university students. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and confirmatory composite analysis (CCA) showed the one-factor structure appropriate for the PPLIS-4 among emerging and non-emerging adults. Criterion validity was also confirmed since the PPLIS-4 was positively related to the SWLS and negatively related to stress, anxiety, and depression. Conclusions: The PPLIS-4 is a short but valid questionnaire to assess the positive aspects of lockdown. The PPLIS-4 can be used during the COVID-19 pandemic to measure some positive effects of changes in lifestyle as an aspect of resilience.
Deep Residual Vector Encoding for Vein Recognition

Vein recognition has been drawing more attention recently because it is highly secure and reliable for practical biometric applications. However, underlying issues such as uneven illumination, low contrast, and sparse patterns with high inter-class similarities make the traditional vein recognition systems based on hand-engineered features unreliable. Recent successes of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for large-scale image recognition tasks motivate us to replace the traditional hand-engineered features with the superior CNN to design a robust and discriminative vein recognition system. To address the difficulty of direct training or fine-tuning of a CNN with existing small-scale vein databases, a new knowledge transfer approach is formulated using pre-trained CNN models together with a training dataset (e.g., ImageNet) as a robust descriptor generation machine. With the generated deep residual descriptors, a very discriminative model, namely deep residual vector encoding (DRVE), is proposed by a hierarchical design of dictionary learning, coding, and classifier training procedures. Rigorous experiments are conducted with a high-quality hand-dorsa vein database, and superior recognition results compared with state-of-the-art models fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models. An additional experiment with the PolyU multispectral palmprint database is designed to illustrate the generalization ability.
D0 → γγ and D0 → μ+ μ- rates on an unlikely impact of the littlest Higgs model with T parity

The decays D 0 → γγ, μ + μ - are highly suppressed in the standard model (SM) with the lion's share of the rate coming from long distance dynamics; D 0 → μ + μ - is driven predominantly by D 0 → γγ → μ + μ - . Their present experimental bounds are small, yet much larger than SM predictions. New physics models like the littlest Higgs models with T parity (LHT) can induce even large indirect CP violation in D° transitions. One would guess that LHT has a "fighting chance" to affect these D 0 → yy, μ + μ - rates in an observable way. We have found LHT contributions can be much larger than short distance SM amplitude by orders of magnitude. Yet those can barely compete with the long distance SM effects. If D 0 → γγ, μ + μ - modes are observed at greatly enhanced rates, LHT scenarios will not be candidates for generating such signals. LHT-like frameworks will not yield larger D 0 → γγ/μ + μ - rates as they are constrained by B and K rare decays.
Scalable generation and characterization of a four-photon twelve-qubit hyperentangled state

An experimentally feasible scheme for generating a 12-qubit hyperentangled state via four photons, entangled in polarization, frequency and spatial mode, is proposed. We study the nature of quantum non-locality of this hyperentangled state by evaluating its violation degree to a Bell-type inequality, and find that the result agrees well with quantum mechanics prediction while extremely contradicting the local realism constraint.
The New Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable SDSS 154453+2553

The cataclysmic variable SDSS 154453 + 2553 was recently identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We obtained spectra and photometry at the MDM Observatory, which revealed an eclipse with a 6.03 hr period. The Hα emission line exhibits a strong rotational disturbance during eclipse, indicating that it arises in an accretion disk. A contribution from an M-type companion is also observed. Time-series photometry during eclipse gives an ephemeris of 2454878.0062(15) + 0.251282(2)E. We present spectroscopy through the orbit and eclipse photometry. Our analysis of the secondary star indicates a distance of 800 ± 180 pc.
The MUSE 3D view of the Hubble Deep Field South

We observed Hubble Deep Field South with the new panoramic integral-field spectrograph MUSE that we built and have just commissioned at the VLT. The data cube resulting from 27 h of integration covers one arcmin(2) field of view at an unprecedented depth with a 1 sigma emission-line surface brightness limit of 1 x 10(-19) erg s(-1) cm(-2) arcsec(-2), and contains similar to 90 000 spectra. We present the combined and calibrated data cube, and we performed a first-pass analysis of the sources detected in the Hubble Deep Field South imaging. We measured the redshifts of 189 sources up to a magnitude I-814 = 29.5, increasing the number of known spectroscopic redshifts in this field by more than an order of magnitude. We also discovered 26 Ly alpha emitting galaxies that are not detected in the HST WFPC2 deep broad-band images. The intermediate spectral resolution of 2.3 angstrom allows us to separate resolved asymmetric Ly alpha emitters, [O II] 3727 emitters, and C III] 1908 emitters, and the broad instantaneous wavelength range of 4500 angstrom helps to identify single emission lines, such as [O III] 5007, H beta, and H alpha, over a very wide redshift range. We also show how the three-dimensional information of MUSE helps to resolve sources that are confused at ground-based image quality. Overall, secure identifications are provided for 83% of the 227 emission line sources detected in the MUSE data cube and for 32% of the 586 sources identified in the HST catalogue. The overall redshift distribution is fairly flat to z = 6.3, with a reduction between z = 1.5 to 2.9, in the well-known redshift desert. The field of view of MUSE also allowed us to detect 17 groups within the field. We checked that the number counts of [O II] 3727 and Ly alpha emitters are roughly consistent with predictions from the literature. Using two examples, we demonstrate that MUSE is able to provide exquisite spatially resolved spectroscopic information on the intermediate-redshift galaxies present in the field. This unique data set can be used for a wide range of follow-up studies. We release the data cube, the associated products, and the source catalogue with redshifts, spectra, and emission-line fluxes.
DARK MATTER DISTRIBUTION IN GALAXY GROUPS FROM COMBINED STRONG LENSING AND DYNAMICS ANALYSIS

Using a combined analysis of strong lensing and galaxy dynamics, we characterize the mass distributions and the mass-to-light (M/L) ratios of galaxy groups, virialized structures in the mass range of few × 1014 M☉, which form an important transition regime in the hierarchical assembly of mass in ΛCDM cosmology. Our goals are to not only map the mass distributions, but to also test whether the underlying density distribution at this mass scale is dark matter dominated, Navarro–Frenk–White (NFW) like as hypothesized by the standard cosmogony, or isothermal as observed in baryon-rich massive field galaxies. We present details of our lensing + galaxy dynamics formalism built around three representative density profiles, the dark matter dominant NFW and Hernquist distributions, compared with the softened isothermal sphere which matches baryon-rich galaxy scale objects. By testing the effects on the characteristics of these distributions due to variations in their parameters, we show that mass measurements in the core of the group (r/rvir ∼ 0.2), determined jointly from a lens model and from differential velocity dispersion estimates, may effectively distinguish between these density distributions. We apply our method to multi-object spectroscopy observations of two groups, SL2SJ143000+554648 and SL2SJ143139+553323, drawn from our catalog of galaxy group scale lenses discovered in CFHTLS-Wide imaging. With the lensing and dynamical mass estimates from our observations along with a maximum likelihood estimator built around our model, we estimate the concentration index characterizing each density distribution and the corresponding virial mass of each group. Our likelihood estimation indicates that both groups are dark matter dominant and rejects the isothermal distribution at ≫3σ level. For both groups, the estimated i-band M/L ratios of ∼260 M☉ L☉−1 are similar to other published values for groups. The Gaussian distribution of the velocities of their member galaxies supports a high degree of virialization. The differences in their virial masses, 2.8 and 1.6 × 1014 M☉, and velocity dispersions, 720 and 560 km s-1, may indicate however that each group is at a different stage of transition to a cluster. We aim to populate this important transition regime with additional results from ongoing observations of the remaining lensing groups in our catalog.
Security of QKD protocols against detector blinding attacks

While fully device-independent security in BB84-like one way QKD is impossible, it can be guaranteed against individual attacks in a semi device-independent scenario, where no assumptions on the characteristics of the hardware used are made except for the communication channel for which an upper bound on capacity is put. This approach is meaningful especially in the context of recent {\it quantum hacking} attacks in which the eavesdroppers are able to remotely alter the behaviour of the devices used by the communicating parties. They are however unable to change the capacity of the channel. In this work we study a semi device-independent protocol wherein the knowledge of success probability of the associated dimension witness and the observed efficiency of the detectors ($\eta_{avg}$) are sufficient to determine the security. We consider practically possible, individual attacks with and without eavesdropper having access to quantum memory. We find critical detection efficiencies required for security in both cases.
Longitudinal Study of the Mental Health, Resilience, and Post-Traumatic Stress of Senior Nursing Students to Nursing Graduates during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study analyzed changes in the psychological health of students who were in the final year of their nursing degree during the COVID-19 pandemic and later served as nursing professionals in hospitals. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted over two periods of time (the first in April 2020 and the second 6 months later, in December 2020) with 296 students for a T0 baseline (rate response 68.83%) and 92 students for a T1 post-test sample (response rate 31.08%). The data were electronically collected using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Resilience Scale, and a post-traumatic stress questionnaire. The mean age of the sample participants was 24.17 years (SD = 5.51), and 89.11% were female. During the pandemic, 14.11% of students showed scores that indicated depression, and 32.61% showed scores that indicated anxiety. In December 2020, 86.5% of the participants were working as nurses, and the percentages of those with anxiety (12%) and depression (4.3%) were significantly lower than in the first sample period. A total of 20.7% of the participants had post-traumatic stress. High scores for resilience were significantly associated with better quality of life and lower levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Conclusions: Although the percentages of participants with anxiety and depression decreased, they still presented with mental health problems.
Nonlinear electric transport in graphene: Quantum quench dynamics and the Schwinger mechanism

We present a unified view of electric transport in undoped graphene for finite electric field. The weak field results agree with the Kubo approach. For strong electric field, the current increases nonlinearly with the electric field as ${E}^{3/2}$. As the Dirac point is moved around in reciprocal space by the field, excited states are generated. This is analogous to the generation of defects in a finite-rate quench through a quantum-critical point, which we account for in the framework of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. These results are also recast in terms of Schwinger's pair production and Landau-Zener tunneling. Other systems exhibiting a band structure with Dirac cones, in particular, cold atoms in optical lattices, should exhibit the same dynamics as well.
The Astrophysics of Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic Rays

The origin of the highest energy cosmic rays is still unknown. The discovery of their sources is expected to reveal the workings of the most energetic astrophysical accelerators in the Universe. Current observations show a spectrum consistent with an origin in extragalactic astrophysical sources. Candidate sources range from the birth of compact objects to explosions related to gamma-ray bursts or to events in active galaxies. We discuss the main effects of propagation from cosmologically distant sources, including interactions with cosmic background radiation and magnetic fields. We examine possible acceleration mechanisms leading to a survey of candidate sources and their signatures. New questions arise from an observed hint of sky anisotropies and an unexpected evolution of composition indicators. Future observations may reach the necessary sensitivity to achieve charged particle astronomy and to observe ultrahigh-energy photons and neutrinos, which may further illuminate the workings of the Universe a.
Perceived Credibility of Tweets by Opinion Leaders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

The informational practices of citizens, transformed by the digital sphere, pose new challenges such as misinformation and disinformation, and they also require a rethinking of the role of opinion leaders. We explored how, on Twitter, the credibility of COVID-19 news was influenced by the source of the news. We conducted a survey of a representative sample of the Spanish population (N = 2,041) who were asked to rate politician, expert, celebrity, media, and anonymous citizen tweets for credibility. The results show that the perceived credibility of tweets on COVID-19 by politicians and experts was negative and positive, respectively, when compared with tweets by the media, and also that celebrities and anonymous citizens had no impact on perceptions of credibility. We also found that news credibility was affected by respondent gender, age, occupational status, and education level. We conclude that, despite disintermediation processes, the media continue to underpin news credibility in the digital public sphere. © 2021. International Journal of Communication. All rights reserved.
Lack of Interventional Studies on Suicide Prevention among Healthcare Workers: Research Gap Revealed in a Systematic Review

Addressing the mental health needs of healthcare workers (HCWs), who are at high risk of suicide, is an important public health issue. Therefore, this systematic review investigated the effect of psychosocial intervention targeting suicidal behavior (i.e., suicidal ideation, attempt, or fulfillment) of HCWs. Five electronic databases were searched for interventional studies reporting HCWs’ suicidal behavior outcomes. Only two interventional studies were included in this review, and no consistent conclusion was drawn from the existing literature regarding the psychosocial prevention strategies focusing on the suicide risk of HCWs. The results indicate that compared with numerous observational studies reporting poor mental health and/or severity of suicidal risk among HCWs, intervention studies using psychosocial strategies to reduce the risk of suicide are relatively scarce. Although the insufficient number and heterogeneity of the included studies leave the results inconclusive, our findings emphasize the need to fill the research gap in this field. The causes of the gap are further explored, and suggestions for future research are provided.
Complete population transfer in a three-state quantum system by a train of pairs of coincident pulses

A technique for complete population transfer between the two end states $\ket{1}$ and $\ket{3}$ of a three-state quantum system with a train of $N$ pairs of resonant and coincident pump and Stokes pulses is introduced. A simple analytic formula is derived for the ratios of the pulse amplitudes in each pair for which the maximum transient population $P_2(t)$ of the middle state $\ket{2}$ is minimized, $P_2^{\max}=\sin^2(\pi/4N)$. It is remarkable that, even though the pulses are on exact resonance, $P_2(t)$ is damped to negligibly small values even for a small number of pulse pairs. The population dynamics resembles generalized $\pi$-pulses for small $N$ and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage for large $N$ and therefore this technique can be viewed as a bridge between these well-known techniques.
Geometrical dependence of the low-frequency noise in superconducting flux qubits

A general method for directly measuring the low-frequency flux noise (below 10 Hz) in compound Josephson-junction superconducting flux qubits has been used to study a series of 85 devices of varying design. The variation in flux noise across sets of qubits with identical designs was observed to be small. However, the levels of flux noise systematically varied between qubit designs with strong dependence upon qubit wiring length and wiring width. Furthermore, qubits fabricated above a superconducting ground plane yielded lower noise than qubits without such a layer. These results support the hypothesis that local impurities in the vicinity of the qubit wiring are a key source of low-frequency flux noise in superconducting devices.