Effect of Fuel Injection Pressure on Performance of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine at Different Intake Manifold Inclinations

In present days an automobile engine has to satisfy the strict environmental constraints and fuel economy standards in addition to meeting the competitiveness of the world market. Today the automobile engines have synthesized the basic knowledge of many disciplines like thermodynamics, fluid flow, combustion, chemical kinetics and heat transfer. Now-a-days internal combustion engines play an important role in automobile field. There are various factors that influence the performance of engine such as compression ratio, atomization of fuel, fuel injection pressure, and quality of fuel, combustion rate, air fuel ratio, intake temperature and pressure and also based on piston design, inlet manifold, and combustion chamber designs etc. Growing demand on reduction of internal combustion engine fuel consumption with increase of its performance new designs and optimization of existing ones are introduced. Air motion in CI engine influences the atomization and distribution of fuel injected in the combustion chamber. Fuel injection pressure plays an important role in better atomization of injected fuel allows for a more complete burn and helps to reduce pollution. In present work a single cylinder 5HP diesel engine is used to investigate the performance characteristics. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of the fuel injection pressure on performance and pollution of the single cylinder diesel engine at different intake manifold inclinations. From experiment it is found that engine at 60 0 manifold inclinations at 180 bars has given efficient performance and less pollution. I. INTRODUCTION Diesel engine plays a dominant role in the field of power, propulsion and energy. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine ,more specifically it is a compression ignition engine ,in which the fuel ignited solely by the high temperature created by compression of the air-fuel mixture. The engine operates using the diesel cycle. The engine is more efficient than the petrol engine, since the spark -ignition engine consumes more fuel than the compression -ignition engine. The fuel injection system is the most vital component in the working of CI engine. The engine performance, power output, economy etc is greatly dependent on the effectiveness of the fuel injection system. The injection system has to perform the important duty of initiating and controlling the combustion process. When the fuel is injected in to the combustion chamber towards the end of compression stroke, it is atomized into very fine droplets. These droplets vaporize due to heat transfer from the compressed air and from an air-fuel mixture. Due to continued heat transfer from hot air to the fuel, the temperature reaches a value higher than its self- ignition temperature. This causes the fuel to ignite spontaneously initiating the combustion process. Quick and complete combustion is ensured by a well designed fuel injector. By atomizing the fuel into very fine droplets, it increases the surface area of the fuel droplets resulting in better mixing and subsequent combustion. Atomization is done by forcing the fuel through a small orifice under high pressure. The injector assembly consists of. 1. A needle valve