Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field Testing of Synthetic Growth Charts in 1–60-Month-Old Indian Children

Background: Malnutrition among under-five children (U5C) in India is a major public health problem due to double burden caused by nutritional transition. WHO cut-offs are adopted as global growth standards which define how children should grow in condition of optimal nutrition and health. Growth references which are representative of population-specific existing growth patterns need to be updated regularly which is cumbersome; hence, the author’s group published ‘synthetic growth references’ for Indian children of age 0–18 years. Objectives: The objective of this study is to field test the new synthetic growth references in U5C for height-for-age, weight-for-age and body mass index (BMI)-for-age against WHO charts in urban and rural Indian children to estimate prevalence of various indices of malnutrition. Methods: A cross-sectional anthropometric assessment of apparently healthy rural and urban Indian U5C attending vaccination centre was performed using standard protocols. They were converted to Z-scores using WHO and Indian synthetic growth references. The equality of proportion of parameters of malnutrition was tested by McNemar’s test and P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: WHO charts significantly overestimated stunting and malnutrition as compared to synthetic references with difference in sensitivity of 7.2% and 8.5%, respectively, and converse for over-nutrition by 2.1%. The most commonly affected parameter of malnutrition was underweight. Stunting was significantly higher in rural population using both cut-offs (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The synthetic references limit the spread of weight and BMI and do not overestimate stunting and wasting. They may be more useful for identification of malnutrition and may thus be recommended for routine screening in Indian U5C.
A PageRank-like measure for evaluating process flexibility

Abstract Uncertainty has always been a threat to system performance in both manufacturing and service industries. Although cost-budgeting may limit available resources, a more flexible structure can still improve the system’s ability to deal with uncertainty. In this study, we develop a new measure to help find a more flexible structure without extensive simulation. We create a PageRank-analogous score whereby we can calculate the Flexibility Gap (FG) index to predict the better of two alternative structures with topological information only. We theoretically analyze how the FG index recognizes flexible sparse structures such as expander graphs with high expansion ratios. Numerical experiments show that the FG index is effective in ranking the flexibility performance of different structures in terms of average waiting time and expected lost sales. Moreover, we extend the FG index with minimal modification to accommodate the case of imperfect flexibility (i.e., flexible suppliers with shrinking capacities) and demonstrate that the generalized FG index is still a good predictor of expected lost sales. Our approach provides a novel view to explain flexibility. That is, sparse structures with higher graph expansion ratios disperse the demand fluctuation more “rapidly” among resources to cushion the shock of uncertainty.
Match-related performance during the Olympic Games 2020: a technical variability analysis of high-level judo athletes

ABSTRACT This study aimed to identify the technical-tactical variation through the index of performance and types of techniques in high-level judo in the 2020 Olympic Games. The data were extracted from the Official Results Books considering the competition performance of 393 competitors. Nage-waza katame-waza and scoring index, and the classification of techniques groups according to the sex, weight category and competition outcome were analysed. A t-test was used to compare the variables according to the sex and analysis of variance to compare weight categories and competition outcome groups. Finally, the Chi-square tests were used to test the association between frequency of groups of techniques and places in the competition, weight category and competition outcome. The level of significance is 5%. The main results demonstrated higher nage-waza and katame-waza variation (absolute values) for medallist compared to the other groups (p < 0.001), and higher values for repechage group compared to the non-medallist (p < 0.001). The katame-waza variation index was higher in female (p = 0.019) and medallists have a higher scoring and nage-waza variation index compared to the repechage group and non-medallist (p < 0.001). We concluded that medallist athletes have high technical variability compared to the other groups and female athletes have a high katame-waza variation compared to the male.
Natural Language Information Retrieval: TREC-5 Report

In this paper we report on the joint GE/Lockheed Martin/Rutgers/NYU natural language information retrieval project as related to the 5th Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-5). The main thrust of this project is to use natural language processing techniques to enhance the effectiveness of full-text document retrieval. Since our first TREC entry in 1992 (as NYU team) the basic premise of our research was to demonstrate that robust if relatively shallow NLP can help to derive a better representation of text documents for statistical search. TREC-5 marks a shift in this approach away from text representation issues and towards query development problems. While our TREC-5 system still performs extensive text processing in order to extract phrasal and other indexing terms, our main focus this year was on query construction using words, sentences, and entire passages to expand initial topic specifications in an attempt to cover their various angles, aspects and contexts. Based on our earlier TREC results indicating that NLP is more effective when long, descriptive queries are used, we allowed for liberal expansion with long passages from related documents imported verbatim into the queries. This method appears to have produced a dramatic improvement in the performance of two different statistical search engines that we tested (Cornell’s SMART and NIST’s Prise) boosting the average precision by at least 40%. The overall architecture of TREC-5 system has also changed in a number of ways from TREC-4. The most notable new feature is the stream architecture in which several independent, parallel indexes are built for a given collection, each index reflecting a different representation strategy for text documents. Stream indexes are built using a mixture of different indexing approaches, term extracting, and weighting strategies. We used both SMART and Prise base indexing engines, and selected optimal term weighting strategies for each stream, based on a training collection of approximately 500 MBytes. The final results are produced by a merging procedure that combines ranked list of documents obtained by searching all stream indexes with appropriately preprocessed queries. This allows for an effective combination of alternative retrieval and filtering methods, creating into a meta-search where the contribution of each stream can be optimized through training.
Fatores de Risco para parto prematuro em um hospital

Objetivo: determinar os fatores de risco para parto prematuro. Metodos: estudo caso-controle retrospectivo com 600 gestantes atendidas em um hospital, sendo 298 gestantes no grupo de casos (que tiveram um recem-nascido de parto prematuro<37 semanas) e 302 gestantes que tiveram um recem-nascido sem parto prematuro como grupo controle. Foi utilizado o programa estatistico Stata versao 12.2. Na analise bivariada foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado (X2) e para a analise das variaveis multiplas foi utilizada a regressao logistica, de onde derivaram as Odds Ratio (OR) e os Intervalo de Confianca (IC) de 95%. Resultados: os fatores de risco associados com o parto prematuro foram gravidez atual gemelar (OR ajustada= 2,4; p= 0,02), controle pre-natal inadequado (< 6 controles) (OR ajustada= 3,2; p <0,001), controle pre-natal ausente (OR ajustada= 3,0; p <0,001), antecedente de parto prematuro (OR ajustada= 3,7; p <0,001) e pre-eclâmpsia (OR ajustada= 1,9; p= 0,005). Conclusao: antecedente de parto prematuro, pre-eclâmpsia, nao ter qualquer controle pre-natal e ter controle pre-natal inadequado foram os fatores de risco para o nascimento prematuro.
Efficacy of antimicrobial therapy for bovine acute Klebsiella pneumoniae mastitis

The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy for bovine acute Klebsiella pneumoniae mastitis. We evaluated data from cattle in Ehime, Japan, with naturally occurring acute mastitis due to K. pneumoniae (n=208) or Escherichia coli (n=201). Survival was significantly shorter in cattle with acute K. pneumoniae mastitis (median, 76 days) compared with the disease caused by E. coli (median 464 days). In 2004–2008, because both species were highly susceptible to cefazolin, cases of K. pneumoniae and E. coli mastitis were treated solely with cefazolin, yielding clinical cure rates of 52.8% for K. pneumoniae and 86.0% for E. coli. However, since 2009, the efficacy of treatment of K. pneumoniae mastitis with cefazolin alone has decreased. When cefazolin administered on the first disease day led to clinical improvement, treatment with cefazolin was continued. However, when cefazolin administered on the first disease day failed to yield clinical improvement, the antibiotic was switched to a fluoroquinolone on the second day, resulting in cure rates of 76.7% for K. pneumoniae and 80.0% for E. coli. These findings suggest that, when the first-line drug (e.g., cefazolin) is ineffective, promptly changing to a second-line drug (e.g., a fluoroquinolone) increases the cure rate for bovine K. pneumoniae mastitis.
The Value of ‘Cow Signs’ in the Assessment of the Quality of Nutrition on Dairy Farms

Simple Summary Cow signs are behavioral, physiological, and management parameters that can be observed and measured. Cow signs can be used as a field approach to evaluate the composition of the ration, the quality of rumen fermentation, the quality of digestion, and the general herd health of cattle of interest. This review of cow signs associated with nutrition provides farm advisors, consultants, nutritionists, practitioners, and dairy farmers with an additional toolkit that can be used to improve the assessment of the quality of dairy cattle nutrition. ‘Cow signs’ are not to be used alone as a sole tool for assessment of the quality or nutrition of dairy cows. Some of the ‘cow signs’ are incorporated in precision technologies on many dairy farms and are extensively used in the assessment of dairy cow welfare, health, and nutrition. Abstract The aim of this review is to provide dairy farm advisors, consultants, nutritionists, practitioners, and their dairy farmer clients with an additional toolkit that can be used in the assessment of the quality of their dairy cattle nutrition. Cow signs are behavioral, physiological, and management parameters that can be observed and measured. They are detected by examining and observing the cattle. Other physiological parameters such as fecal scoring, rumen fill, and body condition scoring are also included in ‘cow signs’. The assessment should be both qualitative and quantitative; for example, is the cattle individual lame and what is the severity of lameness. The ‘diagnosis’ of a problem should be based on establishing a farm profile of ‘cow signs’ and other relevant information. Information gathered through assessment of cow signs should be used as an advisory tool to assist and improve decision making. Cow signs can be used as part of an investigation and or farm audit.
Target Localization Using Time-Modulated Directional Modulated Transmitters

In this paper, a target location scheme for multi-target localization in free space is proposed. It exploits the properties of directional modulated antenna radiation patterns which are synthesized using time-modulated arrays (TMAs). Here, we show that the TMAs can be made to synthesize directional modulation (DM) symbols concurrently upon multiple angular beams. Compared with previous DM works on target localization, our proposed system exhibits some promising features, such a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${i}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) generating multiple beams simultaneously, enabling multiple targets detection at the same time along different angular directions, <italic>ii</italic>) allowing multiple access in frequency domain, <italic>iii</italic>) requiring only one radio frequency (RF) chain with a signal peak- to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 0 dB; <italic>iv</italic>) eliminating the azimuth ambiguity in mirror angular directions with respect to array boresight, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${v}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) flexibly adjusting the target angular resolution, and <italic>vi</italic>) enabling beam steering without the need of phase shifters. The proposed technique is useful in various applications, such as tracking and controlling multiple drones, vehicles, and etc. It provides an alternative means in most of the Radar applications, and with the capability of wireless communication, it can be treated in the domain of waveform design for the Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC).
PERSPECTIVES Duelling timescales of host movement and disease recovery determine invasion of disease in structured populations

The epidemic potential of a disease is traditionally assessed using the basic reproductive number, R0. However, in populations with social or spatial structure a chronic disease is more likely to invade than an acute disease with the same R0, because it persists longer within each group and allows for more host movement between groups. Acute diseases perceive a more structured host population, and it is more important to consider host population structure in analyses of these diseases. The probability of a pandemic does not arise independently from characteristics of either the host or disease, but rather from the interaction of host movement and disease recovery timescales. The R* statistic, a group-level equivalent of R0, is a better indicator of disease invasion in structured populations than the individual-level R0.
My home is my secret: concealing sensitive locations by context-aware trajectory truncation

Abstract Ever since location-based services and mobile applications collecting data gathered through Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning have become popular, concerns about location privacy have been expressed. Research has shown that human trajectory repositories containing sequences of observed locations ordered in time constitute a rich source for analyzing movement patterns, but they can also reveal sensitive personal information, such as a person’s home address. In this paper, we present a mechanism that protects visits to sensitive locations by suppressing revealing parts of trajectories. Our attack model acknowledges that the course of a trajectory, combined with spatial context information, can facilitate privacy breaches even if sensitive locations have been concealed. Thus, we introduce the concept of k-site-unidentifiability, a specialization of k-anonymity, under which a sensitive location cannot be singled out from a group of at least k sites that the trajectory could have visited. In an experimental study, we show that our method is utility-preserving and protects sensitive locations reliably even in sparsely built environments. As it can process each trajectory independently, individuals may also use our mechanism to enhance their privacy before publishing their trajectories.
Marsac Synechococcus sp . strain PCC 7942 . ( glnB gene product ) in the cyanobacterium Functional analysis of the phosphoprotein PII

Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. (glnB gene product) in the cyanobacterium Functional analysis of the phosphoprotein PII The P II protein (glnB gene product) in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 signals the cellular N status by being phosphorylated or dephosphorylated at a seryl residue. Here we show that the P II-modifying system responds to the activity of ammonium assimilation via the glutamine synthetase-gluta-mate synthase pathway and to the state of CO 2 fixation. To identify possible functions of P II in this microorganism , a P II-deficient mutant was created and its general phenotype was characterized. The analysis shows that the P II protein interferes with the regulation of enzymes required for nitrogen assimilation, although ammonium repression is still detectable in the P II-deficient mutant. We suggest that the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of P II are part of a complex signal transduction network involved in global nitrogen control in cyanobacteria. In this regulatory process, P II might be involved in mediating the tight coordination between carbon and nitrogen assimilation. As in all cyanobacteria, the utilization of sources of combined nitrogen is tightly regulated in the unicellular obligate photoautotroph Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. This regulation is known as global nitrogen control (reviewed in reference 14). When cells are grown in the presence of ammonium, synthesis of enzymes required for the assimilation of other nitrogen sources is repressed, the high-affinity transport of methylammonium is inhibited, and the amount of glutamine synthetase is reduced. When ammonium is removed from the medium and dissolved inorganic carbon is available for assimilation , synthesis of these enzymes is derepressed, allowing the utilization of other N sources such as nitrate and nitrite (4, 15, 16). If no nitrogen compound is available, cyanobacteria like Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 which cannot fix molecular nitrogen degrade their phycobiliproteins, a process termed chlorosis (7). Recently, a transcription factor, named NtcA, which is required for the induced expression of the genes that are subject to ammonium repression has been identified (44). The protein belongs to the family of cyclic AMP receptor protein-like gene activators, but the mechanism by which NtcA is regulated is not known to date (22). Another putative regulatory protein involved in nitrogen control has been found in Synechococcus sp. strains PCC 7942 and PCC 6301 by in vivo 32 P-labelling experiments. A strongly labelled 13-kDa polypeptide was shown to be homologous to the glnB gene …
Análise e comparação de algoritmos de classificação para o diagnóstico de câncer de mama

O diagnóstico médico baseado em imagens apresenta diversos desafios computacionais, incluindo as fases de aquisição, de pré-processamento, segmentação e classificação das imagens. este trabalho parte da análise de um banco de dados de imagens de ressonância magnética de tumores de mama (mamografias) e implementação de algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina para a comparação do melhor modelo classificador para o diagnóstico do câncer de mama.
Lactate threshold in rowers: comparison between two methods of determination

The objective of this study was to compare the 4 mM (AT4) and Dmax methods for lactate threshold determination. Ten male (23.7 ± 3.33 years) and four female rowers (18 ± 0.81 years), divided into three groups: heavy weight (n = 6), light weight (n = 4), and female (n = 4), (87.23 ± 6.10, 73.22 ± 2.38, 63.27 ± 8.86 kg and 187.66 ± 1.63, 183 ± 6.05, 172 ± 5.16 cm respectively), were submitted to a maximal rowing ergometry, with initial workload of 130 to 150 W and increases of 30 to 50 W every 5 minutes, with 1 minute pause for blood sampling. Power output, heart rate and lactate values were determined at every workload and used for the determination of the thresholds according to both methods. Lactate concentration, power output and heart rate, identified by Dmax method were compared with the AT4 method in the heavy weight (3.01 ± 0.73 vs. 4 mM, 268.33 ± 29.44 vs. 312 ± 44.02 W and 164 ± 4.81 vs. 174 ± 10.09 bpm), light weight (2.51 ± 0.53 vs. 4 mM, 232.50 ± 15.00 vs. 277.50 ± 25.98 W and 160 ± 8.47 vs. 177 ± 3.79 bpm) and female (3.21 ± 0.41 vs. 4 mM, 160 ± 14.41 vs. 167.50 ± 15.00 W and 175 ± 20.42 vs. 185 ± 12.12 bpm) groups through the paired Student t-test, being significantly lower (p < 0.05) when the method Dmax was used. The results suggest that the AT4 method overestimates the variables analyzed in the lactate threshold when compared with the Dmax method.
Anomalous coloration in European pine marten Martes martes in Elba Island, Central Italy

Abstract Evidence of abnormal coloration in wild animals provides useful information to better understand its adaptive function and its impact on survival. For this reason, we need to know the frequency and distribution of these abnormal phenotypes in wild populations. Here, we report two records of hypopigmentation in European pine marten Martes martes, obtained during a camera‐trapping survey on Elba Island, Central Italy. We do not know what has caused anomalous coloration of pine marten on Elba Island, but it is possible that the inbreeding may have played a role in this isolated population. Although the light coloration certainly entails an increased visibility of pine martens, it is possible that the low predator pressure and the absence of other wild carnivore populations in our study could mitigate the mortality risk due to the light phenotype. The increased use of camera traps across the world can potentially facilitate the discovery of cases of anomalous colorations in wild populations, providing an unprecedented insight into the occurrence of this phenomenon in wild mammal species.
Optimization of cardamom (Amomum compactum) fruit extraction using the Box–Behnken design focused on polyphenol extraction with antioxidant activity

Cardamom, known by the scientific name Amomum compactum , is a plant from the Zingiberaceae family that contains various phytochemical compounds such as polyphenols and alkaloids, which have pharmacological treatment activity. Based on previous studies, cardamom fruit extraction has never been optimized to determine its bioactivity as an antioxidant. Therefore, this research aims to acquire extraction optimization conditions, including solvent ratio, ethanol concentration, and extraction time of the overall phenolic content, flavonoid, and antioxidant activity, using the Box–Behnken design. The experimental design was carried out using the Design Expert 13.0 application. The Folin– Ciocalteu method was used to analyze total phenolic content and the colorimetric method (AlCl 3 ) was used to analyze total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing antioxidant power. In addition, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) were used for the identification of phytochemical compounds. Extraction optimization conditions obtained a desirability value of 0.801 with a solvent ratio of 1:15 ml/g, 96% ethanol concentration, and extraction time of 1.676 days. Based on optimal extraction results, GC–MS identified 69 compounds (mostly terpenoids and polyphenolic compounds), whereas LC–MS/MS identified 20 compounds (mostly acid compounds). The extracts were verified and analyzed using the one-sample t -test and %residual standard error. These results indicated that the Box–Behnken design can optimize efficacious compound antioxidants from cardamom fruit.