Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Gait Analysis Estimation Errors Using Force Sensors on a Smart Rollator

Gait analysis can provide valuable information on a person’s condition and rehabilitation progress. Gait is typically captured using external equipment and/or wearable sensors. These tests are largely constrained to specific controlled environments. In addition, gait analysis often requires experts for calibration, operation and/or to place sensors on volunteers. Alternatively, mobility support devices like rollators can be equipped with onboard sensors to monitor gait parameters, while users perform their Activities of Daily Living. Gait analysis in rollators may use odometry and force sensors in the handlebars. However, force based estimation of gait parameters is less accurate than traditional methods, especially when rollators are not properly used. This paper presents an evaluation of force based gait analysis using a smart rollator on different groups of users to determine when this methodology is applicable. In a second stage, the rollator is used in combination with two lab-based gait analysis systems to assess the rollator estimation error. Our results show that: (i) there is an inverse relation between the variance in the force difference between handlebars and support on the handlebars—related to the user condition—and the estimation error; and (ii) this error is lower than 10% when the variation in the force difference is above 7 N. This lower limit was exceeded by the 95.83% of our challenged volunteers. In conclusion, rollators are useful for gait characterization as long as users really need the device for ambulation.
Recognition of the polycistronic nature of human genes is critical to understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship

Technological advances promise unprecedented opportunities for whole exome sequencing and proteomic analyses of populations. Currently, data from genome and exome sequencing or proteomic studies are searched against reference genome annotations. This provides the foundation for research and clinical screening for genetic causes of pathologies. However, current genome annotations substantially underestimate the proteomic information encoded within a gene. Numerous studies have now demonstrated the expression and function of alternative (mainly small, sometimes overlapping) ORFs within mature gene transcripts. This has important consequences for the correlation of phenotypes and genotypes. Most alternative ORFs are not yet annotated because of a lack of evidence, and this absence from databases precludes their detection by standard proteomic methods, such as mass spectrometry. Here, we demonstrate how current approaches tend to overlook alternative ORFs, hindering the discovery of new genetic drivers and fundamental research. We discuss available tools and techniques to improve identification of proteins from alternative ORFs and finally suggest a novel annotation system to permit a more complete representation of the transcriptomic and proteomic information contained within a gene. Given the crucial challenge of distinguishing functional ORFs from random ones, the suggested pipeline emphasizes both experimental data and conservation signatures. The addition of alternative ORFs in databases will render identification less serendipitous and advance the pace of research and genomic knowledge. This review highlights the urgent medical and research need to incorporate alternative ORFs in current genome annotations and thus permit their inclusion in hypotheses and models, which relate phenotypes and genotypes.
Brain connectivity dynamics during social interaction reflect social network structure

Significance We examine brain dynamics during a common social experience—social exclusion—to determine whether cohesive networks in the brain support navigation of the social world and contribute to the shape of friendship networks. Specifically, exclusion is associated with increased cohesion within brain networks that support understanding what other people think and feel. Furthermore, using social network analysis, we find that variability in brain dynamics is associated with the shape of participants’ friendship networks. Bringing together findings related to brain network dynamics and social network dynamics illuminates ways that psychological processes may shape and be shaped by social environments. Social ties are crucial for humans. Disruption of ties through social exclusion has a marked effect on our thoughts and feelings; however, such effects can be tempered by broader social network resources. Here, we use fMRI data acquired from 80 male adolescents to investigate how social exclusion modulates functional connectivity within and across brain networks involved in social pain and understanding the mental states of others (i.e., mentalizing). Furthermore, using objectively logged friendship network data, we examine how individual variability in brain reactivity to social exclusion relates to the density of participants’ friendship networks, an important aspect of social network structure. We find increased connectivity within a set of regions previously identified as a mentalizing system during exclusion relative to inclusion. These results are consistent across the regions of interest as well as a whole-brain analysis. Next, examining how social network characteristics are associated with task-based connectivity dynamics, we find that participants who showed greater changes in connectivity within the mentalizing system when socially excluded by peers had less dense friendship networks. This work provides insight to understand how distributed brain systems respond to social and emotional challenges and how such brain dynamics might vary based on broader social network characteristics.
The Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 4529-4547 Published by The Company of Biologists 2005

Most evolutionary biologists agree that it is desirable to begin comparative studies with a lineage of organisms that displays adequate diversity in the traits of interest, yet is closely enough related that one is not comparing 'apples and oranges' or 'chalk and cheese'. Phrynosomatid lizards fit this bill. They are a phenotypically and ecologically diverse group of approximately 125 species (Pough et al., 2001) found in much of North and Central America, yet are closely related (e.g. Reeder and Wiens, 1996). The family comprises three subclades: the sand lizards, the horned lizards, and their relatives in the Sceloporus group (Fig.·1). Within a range of body sizes less than 50·g, primarily terrestrial (as opposed to arboreal or saxicolous) phrynosomatid species exhibit a diversity of locomotor performance abilities 1999) and morphologies (e.g. relative limb length) that almost matches the range found among species of several other sympatric lizard families (e.g. much of which occurs among the three subclades rather than among species within the subclades. In a previous study of 11 phrynosomatid species, we found that the composition of muscle fiber-type proportions in the iliofibularis (IF; a hindlimb abductor important in locomotion) differs markedly among the three subclades (Bonine et al., 2001). The proportion of fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) versus fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fibers, when considering the cross-sectional area of the IF, are strongly Previously, we found that phrynosomatid lizards, a diverse group common in the southwestern USA, vary markedly in fiber-type composition of the iliofibularis (a hindlimb muscle important in locomotion). Phrynosomatidae comprises three subclades: the closely related sand and horned lizards, and their relatives the Sceloporus group. The variation in muscle fiber-type composition for 11 phrynosomatid species is attributable mainly to differences between the sand-and horned-lizard subclades. Here, we expand the phrynosomatid database with three additional species and compare these results with data collected for 10 outgroup (distantly related) species. Our goal was to determine if the patterns found in Phrynosomatidae hold across a broader phylogenetic range of the extant lizards and to elucidate the evolution of muscle fiber-type composition and related traits. To allow for meaningful comparisons, data were collected from species that are primarily terrestrial and relatively small in size (3.5–65·g body mass). Results indicate that the fiber-type variation observed within the Phrynosomatidae almost spans the range of variation observed in our sample of 24 species from eight families. However, one species of Acanthodactylus (Lacertidae) had a consistent region …
PriDaC: Privacy Preserving Data Collection in Sensor Enabled RFID Based Healthcare Services

The integration of sensing capability into active RFID tags has recently generated a lot of interest among the RFID community. In any sensor enabled Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system data collection is done continuously. Data collection in this context can refer to the computation of statistical means and moments, as well as other cumulative quantities that summarize the data obtained by the system. However, these systems are usually very critical and used in sensitive applications. One such application area is healthcare where sensor enabled RFID tags are used in hospitals and clinics to provide various healthcare services by collecting different environmental and physiological data. In these types of healthcare services, the leakage of any raw data may lead to privacy violation of the system and the application users (in this case patient) in general. In such sensor enabled RFID based healthcare applications, privacy preservation cannot be accomplished using different cryptographic techniques because they involve heavy computation which is not feasible for resource constrained tags. Moreover, in these types of system, it is desirable to have end-to-end security with the data decrypted only at the reader in order to avoid security vulnerabilities as much as possible. Ensuring system security and preserving data privacy are two conflicting goals. To address this problem, we propose a privacy preserving data collection technique (PriDaC) for sensor enabled RFID based healthcare application. In PriDaC the data secrecy maintenance and data privacy protection mechanisms work cooperatively. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first work that allows privacy preserving data collection in sensor enabled RFID systems that provides healthcare services.
Realizable but not Strongly Euclidean Oriented Matroids

The extension space conjecture of oriented matroid theory claims that the space of all (non-zero, non-trivial, single-element) extensions of a realizable oriented matroid of rank r is homotopy equivalent to an (r? 1)-sphere. In 1993, Sturmfels and Ziegler proved the conjecture for the class of strongly Euclidean oriented matroids, which includes those of rank at most 3 or corank at most 2. They did not provide any example of a realizable but not strongly Euclidean oriented matroid. Here we produce two such examples for the first time, one with rank 4 and one with corank 3. Both have 12 elements.
Rural tourism — 10 years on

The rural, a diminishing global resource, provides us with an increasingly important environment for tourism. On the supply side, its impacts, both positive and negative, are well documented, widely debated and the subjects of an increasing literature. Often overlooked, however, are the benefits to rural visitors, the welfare effects of improved mental and physical well-being that are the widely sought (if imagined) effects of assimilating the restorative and curative powers of nature. The convergence of supply and demand, the phenomenon loosely called ‘rural tourism’, takes differing forms, develops within a vast range of physical, social and political environments, and results in a wide diversity of outcomes. Rural tourism is a dynamic phenomenon, both creating and reflecting change within its reach. Perhaps rather ambitiously, this special edition has a twofold purpose. First, the contributions reflect an international perspective that aims to identify common themes and also to highlight the multifaceted and interdisciplinary nature of ‘rural tourism’ across continents, and to illustrate its varying roles within wider development agendas. Second, a decade on, it offers something of a reflection on earlier perceptions of rural tourism as they were identified and defined in the 1994 special edition of the Journal of Sustainable Tourism (JoST). The special edition of JoST was not, of course, the first publication to address issues related to tourism in rural areas; indeed, the relationship between tourism or, more generally, recreation and leisure, and the countryside has long proved to be a fruitful area of research and, by the early 1990s, there existed a significant literature on the subject (see Lane, 1993). However, the 1994 special issue was notable for, arguably, being the first publication that attempted to identify and define rural tourism as a specific form of tourist activity as well as exploring in some depth the processes and challenges of integrating tourism into sustainable rural development. In other words, although a variety of specific issues, such as farm diversification (Frater, 1983), rural resource management (Pigram, 1983), the socio-cultural implications of rural tourism development (Bouquet and Winter, 1987; Perdue et al., 1987) and the concept of ‘rurality’ (Hoggart, 1990), as well as international comparisons of rural tourism (Grolleau, 1987), had been addressed previously, this was the first attempt to construct a theoretical framework for the study of rural tourism development. In particular, Bernard Lane’s (1994) paper ‘What is rural tourism? ’ was ground-breaking in its attempt to define and clarify rural tourism. During the decade since the publication of the special issue, increasing attention has been paid to rural tourism development within the tourism literature (see, e.g. Sharpley and
A century of mathematics in America

The Nineteenth Century American mathematics comes of age, 1875-1900 by K. V. H. Parshall and D. E. Rowe W. E. Story of Hopkins and Clark by R. Cooke and V. F. Rickey The best method. American calculus textbooks of the nineteenth century by G. M. Rosenstein, Jr. Edwards' differential calculus [Reprint] by C. A. Scott Mathematics at American Institutions The School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study by A. Borel Mathematics at Columbia during adolescence by E. R. Lorch The MIT department of mathematics during its first seventy-five years. Some recollections by D. J. Struik Mathematics at the University of Michigan by W. Kaplan Reminiscences of mathematics at Michigan by R. L. Wilder The building of the University of Texas mathematics faculty, 1883-1938 by A. C. Lewis Mathematics and Mathematicians Charlotte Angas Scott (1858-1931) [Reprint] by P. C. Kenschaft Edward Burr Van Vleck, 1863-1943 [Reprint] by R. E. Langer and M. H. Ingraham The Mathematical Work of R. L. Moore Its background, nature, and influence [Reprint] by R. L. Wilder Anna Johnson Pell Wheeler (1883-1966) [Reprint] by L. S. Grinstein and P. J. Campbell Norbert Wiener: A survey of a fragment of his life and work by P. Masani The school of Antoni Zygmund by R. Coifman and R. Strichartz Handbooks of special functions by R. Askey Commemorative meeting for Alfred Tarski by S. Feferman, P. Suppes, and J. Barwise Julia Bowman Robinson (1919-1985) [Reprint] by C. Reid and R. M. Robinson Function algebras in the fifties and sixties by J. Wermer Addendum: Concepts and categories in perspective by S. MacLane Surveys and Recollections The joy of function theory by L. V. Ahlfors Black Americans in mathematics by J. A. Donaldson Once over lightly by J. L. Kelley Mathematicians in World War II: The group at Columbia by S. MacLane The education of Ph.D's in mathematics by S. MacLane Off the record by E. Pitcher Probability, Statistics, and Actuarial Science Mathematical statistics in the early states [Reprint] by S. M. Stigler William Feller and twentieth century probability [Reprint] by J. L. Doob Early days in statistics at Michigan [Reprint] by C. C. Craig S. S. Wilks's Princeton appointment and statistics at Princeton before Wilks by C. Eisenhart A conversation with David Blackwell [Reprint] by M. H. DeGroot Personal reflections on actuarial science in North America from 1900 by C. J. Nesbitt History of Mathematics Article on American historians of mathematics by U. C. Merzbach.
Levels of oxidized and reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide and triphosphopyridine nucleotide in tumours.

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Análisis de las lesiones periapicales de origen endodóntico en pacientes de la Facultad de Odontología de Tijuana, Baja California (México)

Introduccion. Las lesiones periapicales de origen endodontico son el resultado de procesos inflamatorios cronicos que no pueden ser resueltos por los mecanismos de defensa del hospedador asi como por el tejido del area afectada; si no son tratados oportuna y adecuadamente por el odontologo, compromete el estado de salud del paciente. En anos recientes, se ha logrado especial atencion en los aspectos tecnicos de la instrumentacion bio-mecanica durante el procedimiento de la endodoncia. Objetivos. Este estudio pretende describir las caracteristicas epidemiologicas, clinicas e histopatologicas mas importantes de un grupo de pacientes con lesiones periapicales de origen endodontico y analizar en estos pacientes los posibles factores etiologicos relacionados con la aparicion de estas lesiones. Material y metodos. Se estudiaron 40 pacientes de la Facultad de Odontologia de Tijuana, Baja California (Mexico) que presentaban lesiones periapicales. Todas estas lesiones fueron extirpadas mediante biopsia excisional y apiceptomia en los casos que fue necesaria. A cada paciente se le aplico un protocolo clinico en el que se recogieron datos acerca de la edad, el sexo, grado de escolaridad, tamano de la lesion, localizacion de la lesion, sintomatologia, estado endodontico y diagnostico definitivo tras el analisis histopatologico de las lesiones. Resultados. El diente que con mayor frecuencia presento lesiones periapicales fue el incisivo lateral superior derecho. La mayoria de las lesiones periapicales tenian un tamano entre 0.5 cm. y 1 cm. de diametro; eran asintomaticas y la sobreobturacion fue el posible factor etiologico mas relacionado con su aparicion. En el analisis histopatologico, las lesiones mas frecuentes diagnosticadas fueron el granuloma periapical y el quiste periapical. Todas las lesiones periapicales relacionadas con instrumentos fracturados presentaban sintomatologia, en tanto que, la mayoria de las lesiones relacionadas con la sobreobturacion de los conductos eran asintomaticas (p<0.01). Por ultimo, casi la totalidad de las lesiones diagnosticadas como granulomas periapicales tenian un tamano entre 0,5 cm. y 1 cm. ; mientras que la mitad de las lesiones diagnosticadas como quistes periapicales presentaban un tamano mayor entre 1 y 2 cm. , observandose diferencias estadisticamente significativas (p<0.01).
Bicycle Dimension and Special Points of the Tutte Polynomial

For each pair of algebraic numbers (x,y) and each fieldF, the complexity of computing the Tutte polynomialT(M;x,y) of a matroidMrepresentable overFis determined. This computation is found to be#P-complete except when (x? 1)(y? 1)=1 or when |F| divides (x? 1)(y? 1) and (x,y) is one of the seven points (0,? 1), (? 1,0), (i,? i), (? i,i), (j,j2), (j2,j) or (? 1,? 1), wherej=e2? i/3. Expressions are given for the Tutte polynomial in the exceptional cases. These expressions involve the bicycle dimension ofMoverF. A related result determines when this bicycle dimension is well defined.
A Binary-Induced Pinwheel Outflow from the Extreme Carbon Star, AFGL 3068

The extreme carbon star, AFGL 3068, is losing mass at a rate in excess of 10$^{-4}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, and has so far been detected only in the infrared because it is hidden by a thick dust photosphere having a color temperature of $\sim$300K. Using the ACS camera on HST, we have imaged AFGL 3068 with broad-band filters at 0.6 and 0.8 $\mu$m and find a thin, apparently continuous spiral arc winding 4 or 5 times around the location of the star, from angular radii of 2 to 10 arcsec. We interpret this as the projection of nested spiral shells such as were predicted to occur when the mass-losing star is a member of a binary system. In this case, the illumination is presumably provided by ambient galactic starlight. Subsequent near-IR observations with the NIRC2 camera on the Keck II telescope using adaptive optics reveal that AFGL 3068 has two components separated by 0.11 arcsec, or 109 AU at a distance of 1 kpc. One very red component is presumably the mass-losing carbon star, while the other component is apparently a much bluer companion. Assuming each component has mass M(M$_{\odot}$), and ignoring the projection of the separation vector, we find the binary period to be 810 M$^{-0.5}$ yrs, strikingly comparable to the 710-yr separation of the shells obtained from the known outflow velocity of 14.7 km s$^{-1}$.
Dopplerographic Correlates of a Continuous Long-Term Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate Infusion in Acute Concomitant Traumatic Brain Injury

Е. А. Abramova, Anesthesiologist, Resuscitator, Resuscitation and Intensive Care Unit, Nizhny Novgorod Regional Traumatology Center1; А. О. Trofimov, MD, PhD, Assistant, Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics2; G. А. Boyarinov, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Faculty of Doctors’ Advanced Training2; О. V. Voennov, MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, Faculty of Doctors’ Advanced Training2