Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ON THE CONVERGENCE OF DIFFUSION PROCESSES CONDITIONED TO REMAIN IN A BOUNDED REGION FOR LARGE TIME TO LIMITING POSITIVE RECURRENT DIFFUSION PROCESSES

obtain a new process yT(S), 0 S) (which are always satisfied if a-'b is a gradient function), we show that yT(S) is an inhomogeneous diffusion process and that as T -. oo, yT(S), 0 < s < t converges to a limiting homogeneous positive recurrent diffusion Y(s), 0 < s c t, with state space G. Since t is arbitrary, we actually obtain a limiting process Y(s), 0 c s < oo. The generator of the limiting process may be written in the form LG = (1/2)V * aV + bV1 + a(Vgo/go)V - aVhg0V where go is the square root of the density of a measure go which minimizes the I-function for the process, over all y E _0(0), the set of probability measures on Z. The function hg0 appears in the explicit calculation of I(,o) and solves a certain variational equation. The invariant measure for the process is yo.
Influences on the calculation of accurate and basis set extrapolated oscillator strengths: the transition of H2O

The vertical optical oscillator strength (OOS) for the transition was calculated using complete active space self-consistent field followed by multireference configuration interaction (CAS/MR-CI) wavefunctions and Gaussian basis sets of the aug-cc-pVXZ and d-aug-cc-pVXZ types (X = D, T, Q, 5). We discuss the dependence of the results on the size of the CAS space, the MR-CI calculation and the Gaussian basis set. The results were extrapolated using the F(X) = A + Bexp(−CX) function. The oscillator strengths were obtained at the length (fL) and velocity (fV) forms. The most extensive treatment gave fL and fV values, with extrapolated values between brackets, 0.048 74 (0.048 71) and 0.054 15 (0.054 12), respectively.
Auxetic behaviour from rotating rigid units

Auxetic materials exhibit the unexpected feature of becoming fatter when stretched and narrower when compressed, in other words, they exhibit a negative Poisson's ratio. This counter‐intuitive behaviour imparts many beneficial effects on the material's macroscopic properties that make auxetics superior to conventional materials in many commercial applications. Recent research suggests that auxetic be‐haviour generally results from a cooperative effect between the material's internal structure (geometry setup) and the deformation mechanism it undergoes when submitted to a stress. Auxetic behaviour is also known to be scale‐independent, and thus, the same geometry/deformation mechanism may operate at the macro‐, micro‐ and nano‐ (molecular) level. A considerable amount of research has been focused on the ‘re‐entrant honeycomb structure’ which exhibits auxetic behaviour if deformed through hinging at the joints or flexure of the ribs, and it was proposed that this ‘re‐entrant’ geometry plays an impor‐ tant role in generating auxetic behaviour in various forms of materials ranging from nanostructured polymers to foams. This paper discusses an alternative mode of deformation involving ‘rotating rigid units’ which also results in negative Poisson's ratios. In its most ideal form, this mechanism may be construc‐ ted in two dimensions using ‘rigid polygons’ connected together through hinges at their vertices. On application of uniaxial loads, these ‘rigid polygons’ rotate with respect to each other to form a more open structure hence giving rise to a negative Poisson's ratio. This paper also discusses the role that ‘rotating rigid units’ are thought to have in various classes of materials to give rise to negative Poisson's ratios. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiple wavelength anisotropically polarized mid-infrared emission from InAs quantum dots

Multiple wavelength, anisotropically polarized midinfrared electroluminescence from self-assembled InAs quantum dots grown in AlGaAs∕GaAs heterostructures has been observed at 77K. Electrons are injected into excited quantum dot states using a graded AlGaAs injector. Direct tunneling out of the quantum dot excited states is prevented by means of a superlattice electron filter. Two midinfrared peaks are seen in the electrically pumped surface emission spectra of the device. The emission peaks are orthogonally polarized within the growth plane, indicating photon emission from intersublevel electron transitions within anisotropically shaped quantum dots.
The Role of Transient Motions in the Formation of Quasi-Stationary Planetary Waves

Abstract We investigate numerically, using bifurcation theory, the formation of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the winter troposphere, i.e., of time-mean waves with large energy conversion from eddy available potential to eddy kinetic energy. The models used are quasi-geostrophic, two-level, highly truncated spectral ones, with topography of gradually increasing complexity. An external heating of newtonian type is given. The meridional difference of the radiative equilibrium temperatures (δT) is assumed to be the only variable parameter, all other external parameters taking constant, realistic values. How the nature of solutions changes with ΔT is examined. The conclusions are as follows: The originally stationary solutions pass through two Hopf bifurcations when ΔT increases. Periodic solutions appear at the first Hopf bifurcation and, at the next bifurcation, chaotic solutions are generated. The quasi-stationary waves (the time-mean waves) in the chaotic state show properties distinct from truly st.
White dwarf pairing functions

In the local volume limited sample of white dwarfs, some 12% are found paired with M dwarfs. However, there are no known high field magnetic white dwarfs with a detached M dwarf companion. Such pairings also seem to be uncommon in the general class of massive white dwarfs, regardless of whether they are strongly magnetic or not. Taking note of the fact that high field magnetic white dwarfs tend to have high‐mass progenitors, we investigate the possibility that the above result may be a direct consequence of the manner in which stars form and pair on the main sequence.
Gold nanorods as saturable absorbers for all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser

A new type of saturable absorber (SA) based on gold nanorods (GNRs) for all-fiber passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) is realized experimentally. The longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption of GNRs is used to induce Q-switching. By inserting the GNRs SA in an EDFL cavity pumped by a 980 nm laser diode, stable passive Q-switching is achieved with a threshold pump power of ~27 mW, and 4.8 μs pulses at 1560 nm with a repetition rate of 39.9 kHz are obtained for a pump power of ~275 mW.
Scaling of percolative current flow to long lengths in biaxially textured conductors

A random mixture of conducting and non-conducting sites or bonds on a two-dimensional lattice is used to model textured polycrystalline superconducting conductors in which high currents are carried only by low-angle grain boundaries. We calculate the frequency with which unfavourable configurations will significantly decrease current flow. For realistic distributions, in very narrow conductors (~10 grains wide) critical current is reduced, sometimes to zero, over long lengths. For a typical conductor, 1 cm wide with 50 µm grain size, fluctuations in critical current of less than 10% are expected for kilometre lengths.
Robotic Bevel-gear Differential Train

A robotic bevel-gear train with three input parameters is considered. The contents of this paper cover: (1) derivation of basic kinematic equations that relate the train input parame ters and the end-effector direction cosines, (2) determination of singularities in motion of the gear train, and (3) the com putational procedure for the invert kinematics.
Management of extracranial carotid artery stenosis during endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke: results from the MR CLEAN Registry

Background The optimal management of ipsilateral extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis during endovascular treatment (EVT) is unclear. We compared the outcomes of two different strategies: EVT with vs without carotid artery stenting (CAS). Methods In this observational study, we included patients who had an acute ischaemic stroke undergoing EVT and a concomitant ipsilateral extracranial ICA stenosis of ≥50% or occlusion of presumed atherosclerotic origin, from the Dutch Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands (MR CLEAN) Registry (2014–2017). The primary endpoint was a good functional outcome at 90 days, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score ≤2. Secondary endpoints were successful intracranial reperfusion, new clot in a different vascular territory, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, recurrent ischaemic stroke and any serious adverse event. Results Of the 433 included patients, 169 (39%) underwent EVT with CAS. In 123/168 (73%) patients, CAS was performed before intracranial thrombectomy. In 42/224 (19%) patients who underwent EVT without CAS, a deferred carotid endarterectomy or CAS was performed. EVT with and without CAS were associated with similar proportions of good functional outcome (47% vs 42%, respectively; adjusted OR (aOR), 0.90; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.62). There were no major differences between the groups in any of the secondary endpoints, except for the increased odds of a new clot in a different vascular territory in the EVT with CAS group (aOR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.07 to 8.21). Conclusions Functional outcomes were comparable after EVT with and without CAS. CAS during EVT might be a feasible option to treat the extracranial ICA stenosis but randomised studies are warranted to prove non-inferiority or superiority.
On certain systems which are almost groups

We consider systems ©of elements A,By • • • satisfying the following postulates. I. To every pair of elements A, B in © there exists a uniquely determined product A B in ©. II. (AB)C=A(BC). III. There exists in © an element E such that E A —A for every A. IV. To every A in © there exists an A' in © such that AA'~E. The system © differs from a group only in that it contains a left unit and right inverse instead of a right unit and right inverse. We shall call such a system a left right system, abbreviated (/, r) system. DEFINITION 1. An element F is called an idempotent if F~F. PROPOSITION 1. If Fis idempotent then FE — E. PROOF. From FF=*F we have FFF^^FF-, hence FE**E. PROPOSITION 2. If FE = E then F is idempotent For FF=FEF = EF=F. PROPOSITION 3. The idempotents of a (/, r) system form a (/, r) system. PROOF. If F and F' are idempotent then by Proposition 1 FFE « FE JS,
The featureless continua and hydrogen lines of Seyfert 2 galaxies

Optical and ultraviolet spectra taken in similar sized large apertures for 15 Seyfert 2 galaxies are presented. Measurements of emission-line strengths of Ly-alpha, H-alpha, and H-beta are used together with measurements of the ultraviolet slopes to estimate the ratio of recombination photons to ionizing photons. The photon ratios indicate that the ionizing continuum is being emitted anisotropically for at least six of the eight objects with UV slope measurements. The median value of the UV slope is indistinguishable from the UV slope of Seyfert 1 galaxies. This result suggests that in the occultation/reflection picture of Seyfert nuclei, the reflecting particles are free electrons and not dust. Previous observations of variability in Mrk 477 are verified, and it is shown that this galaxy exhibits characteristics of both Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 galaxies. 90 refs.
Adapted parameterization of incomplete ionization in aluminum-doped silicon and impact on numerical device simulation

The amount of incomplete ionization of aluminum-doped silicon is measured at room temperature by comparing electrochemical capacitance-voltage measurements with micro Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that commonly used parameterizations significantly underestimate the effect of incomplete ionization in Al doped Si. Based on the experimental data, we propose new parameter values for the parameterization of incomplete ionization given in Altermatt et al., J. Appl. Phys. 100, 113715 (2006). Using these new values, the saturation current density J0,p+ of the Al-alloyed region of a standard silicon solar cell is determined by means of numerical device modeling. It is shown that the parameterization influences J0,p+ significantly. Additionally, the weakening effect of incomplete ionization on band gap narrowing (BGN) should be taken into account in modeling that aims to predict device behavior after changes made to the Al-alloyed region.
KELVIN SHIP WAKE IN THE WIND WAVES FIELD AND ON THE FINITE SEA DEPTH

A kinematics model of the ship wake in the presence of surface waves, generated by wind is presented. It was found that the stationary wave structure behind the ship covered a wedge region with the 16.9 half an angle at the top of the wake and only divergent waves are present in a ship wake for co propagating wind waves. Wind waves field directed at some nonzero angle to the ship motion can cause essential asymmetry of the wake and compressing of its windward half. The extension of Whitham-Lighthill kinematics theory of ship wake for the intermediate sea depth is also presented. The ship wake structure essentially depends from the Froude (Fr) number based on the value of the sea depth and ship velocity. For Froude number less than unit both longitudinal and cross waves are presented in the wake region and Kelvin wake angle increased with Fr. For Fr  1 wake angle decreased with Froude number and finally only divergent waves are presented in the very narrow ship wake.
Electron anisotropy: A tool to discriminate dark matter in cosmic rays

Indirect searches of particle Dark Matter (DM) with high energy Cosmic Rays (CR) are typically affected by large uncertainties. We show that, on the contrary, the DM intrinsic degree of anisotropy in the arrival directions of high energy CR electrons and positrons (CRE) is basically model independent and offers a straightforward criterion to discriminate among CRE from DM or from local discrete sources, like e.g. pulsars. In particular, in absence of the latter, DM sets the maximum degree of total anisotropy. As a consequence, if a larger anisotropy is detected, this would constitute an unambiguous evidence for the presence of astrophysical local discrete CRE sources. The Fermi-LAT will be able to probe such scenarios in the next years.
INTERPRETATION OF OGO 5 LYMAN-ALPHA MEASUREMENTS IN THE UPPER GEOCORONA.

Lyman α intensity measurements (1216 A) were obtained by a photometer on board the Ogo 5 spacecraft outside the geocorona. The Lyman α emission originating from hydrogen atoms in the upper part of the geocorona was derived from the total measured intensity after subtraction of the extraterrestrial emission. The hydrogen density distribution between 5 and 16 RE was deduced. This distribution is consistent with the evaporative atmospheric model of J. W. Chamberlain on the night side. A depletion of atoms found above a distance of 6 RE on the day side could be accounted for by the action on satellite particles of charge exchange with solar wind protons and by the solar Lyman α radiation pressure, according to numerical computations of both effects. It was also calculated that orbits with a perigee of 2 RE are rapidly distorted by radiation pressure. The mean time spent in the exosphere by satellite particles on such orbits is only 5 × 105 sec, one-half the ionization lifetime.
Shear wave speed increases with depth to the one‐sixth power in sandy/silty marine sediments

Gravity holds the sediment's particles in loose contact; the strength varies with depth. The distribution in shapes, sizes, and orientations is presumed independent of depth. Each particle is subject to several contact forces, and also to a buoyancy force exerted by the surrounding water. An externally imposed shear stress results in distortions in the individual grains, the nature and magnitudes of which depend on the contact areas between the grains, which in turn depend on depth. A derivation making use of fundamental mechanics, the theory of elasticity, and the Hertz-Mindlin theory of contact yields a relatively simple formula for the shear modulus G with a cube root dependence on depth below the interface with the water column. The resulting shear wave speed varies as the sixth root of the difference of the solid and fluid densities.
Weakly decaying turbulence in an equivalent‐barotropic fluid

Numerical solutions are analyzed for the evolution of turbulent flow in an equivalent‐barotropic fluid (i.e., a shallow water layer in the limit of strong rotation) from random, narrow‐band initial conditions with small viscosity. Particular attention is given to the regime of small deformation radius: the solutions are weakly dissipative of both energy and potential enstrophy; after a brief initial interval of broadening in wave number, the shapes of the energy and potential enstrophy spectra are nearly invariant in time but their centroids move toward larger scales, and coherent vortex structures spontaneously develop with a preferred shape of axisymmetric potential vorticity monopoles. An asymptotic model is derived for small deformation radius, and its behavior exhibits the essential features of the equivalent‐barotropic model. Solutions are analyzed for increasing deformation radii, ranging from small to infinite (i.e., nondivergent, two‐dimensional flow). In this sequence, both the dynamical evoluti.
A double-stream model for line profiles

It is shown that gas clouds in a biconical shape may produce profiles similar to those produced in a spherical geometry. The profile shape depends on the radial velocity field, the projection angle, and most importantly, the shell luminosity distribution. If the conical region extends over a large range of radial distances, the resultant profile may be symmetrical with logarithmic wings. It is shown that the double-peaked H-beta profile in Akn 120 can be modeled with a double-stream model. 26 refs.
Distance-based approach in univariate longitudinal data analysis

In this paper, we propose a methodology to analyze longitudinal data through distances between pairs of observations (or individuals) with regard to the explanatory variables used to fit continuous response variables. Restricted maximum-likelihood and generalized least squares are used to estimate the parameters in the model. We applied this new approach to study the effect of gender and exposure on the deviant behavior variable with respect to tolerance for a group of youths studied over a period of 5 years. Were performed simulations where we compared our distance-based method with classic longitudinal analysis with both AR(1) and compound symmetry correlation structures. We compared them under Akaike and Bayesian information criterions, and the relative efficiency of the generalized variance of the errors of each model. We found small gains in the proposed model fit with regard to the classical methodology, particularly in small samples, regardless of variance, correlation, autocorrelation structure and number of time measurements.
Electromagnetic Transmission through Slits in Two Adjacent Conducting Parallel-Plates

In this paper, the problem of electromagnetic transmission through slits in two parallel conducting plates which separate two half spaces is considered. The coupled integral equations for the electric field distributions over the slits are developed for the case that the TM polarized plane wave is incident on the slit and solved by the method of moments. The transmitted power beyond the slit-perforated conducting parallel plates is computed in order to check the variations of the coupled power through slits against some parameters such as the incident angle of the TM polarized wave, slit width, lateral distance between two slits, and distance between the conducting plates. When the lateral distance between two slits approaches near the multiples of half wavelengths, the transmission resonance (maximum power transmission) is observed. If the slit width in the incident side is narrow and the distance between conducting plates is small compared to the wavelength, the maximum of transmitted power is observed to be nearly independent of the incident angle and slit width. In addition, the mechanism of the transmission resonance in the present geometry is explained using a simplified geometry and its equivalent circuit.
Investigation of the Piezoelectric Effect in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Crystals by X-Ray Diffraction

The behavior of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystals with domain structures in an external electric field was studied using high-resolution X-ray diffractometry and topography. Domain structures in Z-cut LiTaO3 and Y-cut LiNbO3 crystals have been formed by the aftergrowth thermoelectricall treatment technique were investigated. Strong elastic distortions near different domain boundaries in the Y-cut LiNbO3 crystal were detected. The possibility of using X-ray diffraction to measure piezoelectric charge constants tensor components is demonstrated.
Classification method based on KCCA

Nonlinear CCA extends the linear CCA in that it operates in the kernel space and thus implies the nonlinear combinations in the original space. This paper presents a classification method based on the kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA). We introduce the probabilistic label vectors (PLV) for a give pattern which extend the conventional concept of class label, and investigate the correlation between feature variables and PLV variables. A PLV predictor is presented based on KCCA, and then classification is performed on the predicted PLV. We formulate a frame for classification by integrating class information through PLV. Experimental results on Iris data set classification and facial expression recognition show the efficiencies of the proposed method.
Stable inhomogeneous iterations of nonlinear positive operators on Banach spaces

For a sequence $(f_n )_n $ of nonlinear positive operators on a Banach space which converges to some operator f, conditions are specified under which the inhomogeneous iterates $f_n \circ f_{n - 1} \circ \cdots \circ f_2 \circ f_1 $, after normalization, converge to the unique positive and normalized eigenvector of f. This stability result extends, for discrete dynamical systems, the property of strong ergodicity from finite to infinite dimensions.
Wiener-Itô Chaos Expansion of Hilbert Space Valued Random Variables

The notion of -fold iterated Ito integral with respect to a cylindrical Hilbert space valued Wiener process is introduced and the Wiener-Ito chaos expansion is obtained for a square Bochner integrable Hilbert space valued random variable. The expansion can serve a basis for developing the Hilbert space valued analog of Malliavin calculus of variations which can then be applied to the study of stochastic differential equations in Hilbert spaces and their solutions.
Linear and nonlinear properties of photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals

We investigate linear and nonlinear light propagation in the photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals. Such a photonic structure, with periodic modulation of refractive index, which could be additionally controlled by the temperature and by the optical power, allows for the study of discrete optical phenomena. Our theoretical investigations, carried out with the near infrared wavelength of 830 nm, for both focusing and defocusing Kerr-type nonlinearity, show the possibility of the transverse light localization, which can result in the discrete soliton generation. In addition, we present the preliminary experimental results on the linear light propagation in the photonic crystal fiber with the glycerin-water solution and 6CHBT nematics, as the guest materials.