Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Central Facial Defect Reconstruction Using a Radial Forearm Free Flap after Malignant Cutaneous Tumor Ablation

Purpose: Acquired defects of the central face pose significant challenges in achieving acceptable cosmetic and functional outcomes. The site, size, and depth of tissue loss often render local tissues inadequate for the repair of major nasal defects. In this article, we aim to demonstrate the efficacy of radial forearm-free flaps as an ideal choice for various central facial unit reconstructions. Methods: This study encompassed patients treated between 2020 and 2022 who underwent facial reconstruction using radial forearm flaps. These flaps were employed in eleven patients with defects involving the lower lid, nose, upper lip, and lower lip. Additionally, we used osteocutaneous flaps in one patient to reconstruct a right nasal bone defect. In three patients requiring medial and lateral canthal tendon reconstruction in one case and oral sphincter reconstruction in two cases, the palmaris longus tendon was included with the flap. Results: In the majority of cases, we achieved good to excellent aesthetic and functional results. Notably, there were no instances of flap failure or partial necrosis in this series. All patients experienced uneventful healing at the donor site. Conclusions: The radial forearm-free flap stands as an ideal and reliable method for reconstructing various facial defects. It offers efficient and thin-conforming skin coverage.
Comparative effectiveness of nipple-sparing mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery on long-term prognosis in breast cancer

Background The frequency of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) surgery is presently increasing. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of long-term prognosis data on NSM. This study compared the long-standing prognosis of NSM in relation to breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Methods Population-level data for 438,588 female breast cancer patients treated with NSM or BCS and postoperative radiation from 2000 to 2018 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database; 321 patients from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were also included. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce the influence of selection bias and confounding variables to make valid comparisons. The Kaplan–Meier analysis, log-rank test, and Cox regression were applied to analyze the data. Results There were no significant differences in long-term survival rates between patients who underwent NSM and those who underwent BCS+radiotherapy (BCS+RT), as indicated by the lack of significant differences in overall survival (OS) (p = 0.566) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (p = 0.431). Cox regression indicated that NSM and BCS+RT had comparable prognostic values (p = 0.286) after adjusting for other clinicopathological characteristics. For OS and BCSS, subgroup analysis showed that the majority of patients achieved an analogous prognosis whether they underwent NSM or BCS. The groups had comparable recurrence-free survival (RFS), with no significant difference found (p = 0.873). Conclusions This study offers valuable insights into the long-term safety and comparative effectiveness of NSM and BCS in the treatment of breast cancer. These findings can assist clinicians in making informed decisions on a case-by-case basis.
Biological activities of Elsholtzia stauntoni essential oil and its major constituents against Tribolium castaneum larvae and Lasioderma serricorne adults

Abstract This study investigated the biological activity of essential oils (EOs) and their main components (caryophyllene and cuminol) against Tribolium castaneum larvae and Lasioderma serricorne adults. EOs were extracted from both flowers and leaves of Elsholtzia stauntoni. The results indicated that the EOs derived from both flowers and leaves, as well as their main components (caryophyllene and cuminol), exhibited contact activities with LD50 values of 35.11, 43.66, 15.44, and 26.05 μg/larva, respectively, against T. castaneum larvae. Moreover, they demonstrated obvious contact toxicities with LD50 values of 14.15, 11.18, 17.81, and 13.91 μg/adult, respectively, against L. serricorne adults. Additionally, EOs from both flowers and leaves exhibited fumigant activities against T. castaneum larvae (LC50 = 24.42 and 62.54 mg/L) and L. serricorne adults (LC50 = 15.26 and 24.29 mg/L). Furthermore, the EOs of flowers and leaves and their main components (caryophyllene and cuminol) remained significantly repellency to T. castaneum larvae and L. serricorne adults within the testing concentration range of 78.63-15.83 nL/cm2 after 12 h of exposure. These findings suggested that the EO from E. stauntoni and its two major components could potentially be developed as a natural insecticide for controlling T. castaneum larvae and L. serricorne adults.
Petroleum: From Basic Features to Hydrocarbons Bioremediation in Oceans

This review provides a general overview of petroleum characteristics and bioremediation strategies applications in oceanic environments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons during exploration and transportation processes offshore. The vast oil reserves in the offshore fields have been explored for the production of light and heavy oil. The hydrocarbons exhibit very different physicochemical characteristics including those of hydrophobicity, molecular weight, melting and boiling points, toxicity and recalcitrance. This review is to highlight the basic oil characteristics, and to reveal the manner in which accidents can occur resulting in oil spills in the sea. We focus on hydrocarbon degradation through the application of bioremediation techniques, because this is considered more advantageous economically compared with the physical or chemical remediation techniques, as well as being more effective in contaminant removal. This study provides knowledge about strategies that can be applied in accidents involving oil spill on the ocean and thus boosts oil spill cleanup technology and lowers the environmental risks of offshore management of activities with petroleum.
Prevalence and Determinants of Diarrhea, Fever, and Coexistence of Diarrhea and Fever in Children Under-Five in Bangladesh

Diarrhea and fever are prevalent childhood illnesses with potentially severe consequences, especially when they co-occur. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of diarrhea, fever, and their coexistence among children under-five in Bangladesh. Data from the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demography and Health Survey (BDHS) were analyzed using multivariable stepwise logistic regression with backward selection. This study found that 5.0% for diarrhea, 34.0% for fever, and 3.0% for the coexistence of both illnesses. Common factors associated with childhood diarrhea and fever included the child’s age (12–23 months), and the mother’s education. Diarrhea was associated with households with improved water sources and children in the Barisal division, while fever was linked to underweight children and those from more affluent backgrounds. The coexistence of both was significantly linked to underweight children, higher birth orders, and children from the Rajshahi division. Notably, child illnesses were associated with parental education, higher socio-economic status, and access to improved drinking water sources. Diarrhea affects one in 20 children, fever affects one in three, and the coexistence of both conditions affects one in 35 children in Bangladesh. The findings need further research and policy reviews to develop effective interventions and improve child health in Bangladesh.
Evaluation of Current Status of Eurasian Griffon Gyps fulvus and Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus in Central & Northern Balochistan

The study conducted focused on population status of two species of vultures; Cinereous (Aegypius monachus) & Eurasian Griffon (Gyps fulvus) in Balochistan. The study focused in eight districts, four were thoroughly surveyed. Field data have been collected in accordance with vulture survey methodology developed. In eight districts of Balochistan approximately 15,000 sq. km area was surveyed. This study demonstrated that the breeding colonies of these two species of vultures reported in 1991 by T.J. Roberts in different mountain ranges of Balochistan province such as Koh-murdar, Takatu, Khojak and Urak valley are completely demolished. Nevertheless, in Hazarghangi Chiltan National Park near Quetta valley total six nests of the Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) were observed. All of them were inactive nests built on old juniper (Juniperus macropoda) trees. Two nests were found occupied with fresh droppings around the nest cup. Total 13 Cinereous vultures were observed soaring over the Suleiman range in District Zhob and 59 Griffon vultures were also observed in this district. Eurasian Griffons were found to be soaring more in number than other vultures species in Zhob. Three species of vultures; Cinereous, Griffon and Bearded (Lammergeire) were observed soaring in close proximity to the hills of the Suleiman range situated in northeast direction from district Zhob. Diclofenac drug is being used in livestock at all veterinary drug stores and hospitals of District Quetta and Zhob over the last 4-5 years. The consumption of Diclofenac in the market is 77% in large and 22.2% in small animals. Dead vultures could not be recovered in order to witness gout related moralities in non Gyps species. District Ziarat is found to be the best site to study Accipiters and Falcons. A total of 41 bird species was observed during the course of study including nine species of raptors. These findings indicate that vultures have disappeared from most of the areas previously surveyed. However, more research in District Zhob and Killa Saifullah & southern Balochistan needs to be carried out in order to uncover breeding colonies of Cinereous and Griffon vultures. Additionally, vulture mortality surveys in Suleiman range can help in finding out the exposure of non Gyps species to the drug Diclofenac. One explanation of this disappearance could be linked to migration (temporary movement in search of better feeding grounds, the word here does not reflect any underlying physiological and seasonal pattern) because of food shortage due to prevailing drought conditions in the Province, however, this year’s good rainfall can lead to subsequent increase in the population in coming years.
Edukacja geograficzna jako przestrzeń partycypacji

Przedmiotem opracowania są formy partycypacji szkolnej odnoszące się do szkolnej edukacji geograficznej. Zastosowano dwie metody badań - analizę porównawczą oraz sondaż z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza geoankiety. Wynikiem tych badań było wyróżnienie najważniejszych treści wybranych podstaw programowych oraz opracowań geograficzno-dydaktycznych odnoszących się do partycypacji szkolnej, a także rozpoznanie form tej partycypacji uczniów i nauczycieli. Wykorzystując geoankietę jako przykład Partycypacyjnych Systemów Informacji Geograficznej zaprezentowano studium przypadku z Poznania: opracowanie przez nauczycieli mapy cyfrowej wspierającej organizację zajęć terenowych. Stwierdzono, że uczniowie i nauczyciele rzadko podejmują inicjatywy o charakterze partycypacji. Istotną przesłanką do podjęcia takich działań są zarówno globalne wyzwania ekologiczne, jak i stan środowiska lokalnego. Wśród działań uczniów o charakterze partycypacji są takie, które wymagają aktywności praktyczno-technicznej oraz emocjonalno-artystycznej (kulturalnej). Ich przykładami są utworzenie pomocy dydaktycznej lub zorganizowanie wydarzenia o tematyce ekologicznej, mającego związek z zajęciami terenowymi realizowanymi poza budynkiem szkoły. Potrzebne jest zaproponowanie metod (lub strategii) kształcenia, która sprzyjałaby zwiększeniu częstości występowania inicjatyw o charakterze partycypacji w szkolnej edukacji geograficznej. Przedstawione w pracy wyniki badań oraz ustalenia stanowią część dysertacji doktorskiej D. Abramowicza pt. „Partycypacja społeczna a edukacja geograficzna - znaczenie Partycypacyjnych Systemów Informacji Geograficznej w organizowaniu zajęć terenowych (2022).
Diffusion and Redox Reactions of Sulfur in Silicate Melts

Although large-scale transport in magmas is usually controlled by convection, diffusion of sulfur in silicate melts, nevertheless, plays a crucial role in the kinetics of various magmatic processes. The most important process is probably the degassing of magmas and melts initiated by an oversaturation of the melt with respect to dissolved volatiles. Such oversaturation can be caused in nature, i.e., by decompression when a magma ascends to the Earth surface. But the degassing of melts is also of major interest for technical applications, e.g., during fining of melts in industrial glass production. The kinetics of volcanic eruptions and the fining of glass melts are basically controlled by the dynamics of bubble nucleation and growth, and these properties are strongly affected by the diffusion of volatiles from the melt into bubbles (Nemec 1980a,b; Sparks et al. 1994; Muller-Simon 2011, this volume). Hence, understanding the diffusion of volatiles in melts provides a necessary tool for modeling bubble nucleation and growth. However, the diffusivities of volatiles such as H2O, CO2, SO2 and H2S in the melt do not only affect the degassing rate, they may also cause a fractionation of volatiles between gas phase and melt as well, due to different diffusivities. For instance, in hydrous magmas the diffusion of H2O is usually much faster than CO2 and sulfur diffusion (Baker et al. 2005; Zhang and Ni 2010), so rapid, disequilibrium removal of bubbles from the melt may cause an artificial enrichment of some components in the bubbles. Other processes which may be governed by sulfur diffusion in the melts are the dissolution and precipitation of minerals. In glass manufacturing, crucial problems are the kinetics of dissolution of the raw materials in the melt batch and of …
Efecto de la micorrización en el establecimiento de Pinus pseudostrobus en cárcavas Effect of mycorrhyzation in the establishment of Pinus pseudostrobus in gullies

The establishment of Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. was evaluated in three conditions of propagation and transplantation in gullies devoid of vegetation in the locality of Atecuaro, Municipality of Morelia, Michoacan. The first condition correspond to plants of known provenance, germinated and propagated under controlled conditions (stratified at 4 °C, germinated at 25 °C with 12 h of light and watered every other day), with the aim of having plants without mycorrhizae and with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker et Couch. As a second condition, both groups where transplanted at 15
Domination and Intimidation as Forms of Symbolic Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

The National Commission on Violence Against Women in Annual Record Data 2021 stated that there were 1309 cases of violence in personal relationships in 2020. Among these cases, psychological, physical, and sexual aggression is the most prevalent. This research aims to explore what forms of violence in dating, i.e., domination and intimidation, are experienced by adolescents. This research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through survey methods. The findings show that domination and intimidation are experienced by more than half of adolescents in dating relationships. The two forms of domination are expectations from and sacrifice for a partner. Meanwhile, the forms of intimidation are speaking in a high tone, threatening, and inflicting fear to do something without the partner’s permission. This violence continues perpetuating, with Doxic through rules that are never considered coercion. This research has implications for educating the adolescents about various forms of violence in relationship that are often considered as a normal things.
Validation of a method for determining the depth of glacial melt ponds using satellite imagery

Abstract In situ measurements of water depth and optical properties of a melt pond in East Greenland were collected to verify a previously developed algorithm for determining supraglacial water depths using satellite imagery. That algorithm made five simplifying assumptions which we have tested using the in situ data and laboratory analysis of water samples. We conclude that three assumptions were justified, one was not and the remaining one (substrate homogeneity) requires further study, but probably has a minor effect on the retrieved water depths and volumes. Measured water depths of 0.2–3.0m agree well with those derived from a satellite image using the algorithm. Numerically modeled depths also agree well with those from the satellite image. This new analysis demonstrates the validity of our algorithm as a means for determining meltwater volumes in supraglacial ponds and lakes.
Topographical Correlation between Structural and Functional Impairment of the Macular Inner Retinal Layers in Multiple Sclerosis Eyes with a History of Optic Neuropathy

We investigated the potential correlation between morphological and functional parameters describing the rarefaction and dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), located in the macula, in multiple sclerosis eyes with a history of optic neuritis (MS-ON). A total of 19 MS-ON eyes from 19 MS patients (mean age: 44.16 ± 4.66 years; 11 females and 8 males), with a mean disease duration of 10.06 ± 6.12 years and full recovery of visual acuity, and 30 age-similar (mean age: 45.09 ± 5.08 years) healthy eyes were submitted for ophthalmological evaluation using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and multifocal photopic negative response (mfPhNR) to study the structural and functional features of localized RGCs. Both GCL+ thickness (via SS-OCT) and response amplitude density (RAD) (via mfPhNR) measurements were obtained from annular regions and ETDRS sectors. Morphological and electrophysiological data from the control and MS groups were compared by using an ANOVA test. GCL+ values were correlated with the corresponding RADs derived from almost superimposable areas using Pearson’s tests (p < 0.01). In MS-ON eyes, the mean values of macular GCL+-T and mfPhNR RAD detected in all rings and ETDRS sectors were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) when compared with control ones. In addition, when plotting the GCL+-T and mfPhNR RAD individual data from MS-ON eyes, we found statistically significant linear correlations (p < 0.01) when considering responses from both rings and sectors. In conclusion, in MS-ON eyes, a topographical correlation between structural and functional impairment of macular RGCs occurs.
Travel time estimation at intersections based on low-frequency spatial-temporal GPS trajectory big data

ABSTRACT Intersections are the critical parts where different traffic flows converge and change directions, forming “bottlenecks” and “clog points” in urban traffic. Intersection travel time is an important parameter for public route planning, traffic management, and engineering optimization. Based on low-frequency spatial-temporal Global Positioning System (GPS) trace data, this article presents a novel method for estimating intersection travel time. The proposed method first analyzes the different travel patterns of vehicles through an intersection, then determines the range of an intersection dynamically and reasonably, and obtains traffic flow speed and delay at the intersection under different travel patterns using a fuzzy fitting approach. Finally, the average intersection travel time is estimated from traffic flow speed and delay and intersection range in different travel patterns. Wuhan road network data and GPS trace data from taxicabs were tested in the experiments and the results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of travel time estimation at city intersections.
Differences in the choice of beef artificial insemination sires used by dairy producers versus beef producers

Graphical Abstract Summary Beef sires used by dairy producers differ from those used by beef producers, but information on the extent of this difference per trait is lacking. Using a large national database of artificial insemination (AI) records from dairy and beef cattle, this study demonstrated that relative to beef producers, dairy producers use, on average, beef AI sires that are expected to produce shorter-gestation progeny requiring less intervention at birth. The genetic merit of these beef AI sires, however, resulted in progeny with lighter and less conformed carcasses relative to the progeny of beef AI sires used by beef producers.
Evaluation of Prebiotic Activity of Stellariae Radix Polysaccharides and Its Effects on Gut Microbiota

This study aims to evaluate the prebiotic potential of polysaccharides derived from Stellariae Radix (SRPs) and explore their influence on the gut microbiota composition in mice. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum were cultivated in an MRS medium, while their growth kinetics, clumping behavior, sugar utilization, pH variation, growth density, and probiotic index were meticulously monitored. Additionally, the impact of crude Stellariae Radix polysaccharides (CSRP) on the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in mice was assessed via 16S rDNA sequencing. The results demonstrated the remarkable ability of CSRPs to stimulate the proliferation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. Moreover, the oral administration of CSRPs to mice led to a noticeable increase in beneficial bacterial populations and a concurrent decrease in detrimental bacterial populations within the intestinal flora. These findings provided an initial validation of CSRPs as a promising agent in maintaining the equilibrium of gut microbiota in mice, thereby offering a substantial theoretical foundation for developing Stellariae Radix as a prebiotic ingredient in various applications, including food, healthcare products, and animal feed. Furthermore, this study presented novel insights for the exploration and utilization of Stellariae Radix resources.
Association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Thyroid Function in U.S. Adults

Background The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is used as an indicator of prognosis for a wide range of diseases. Thyroid function has been found to be strongly associated with inflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the correlation between SII and various thyroid functions. Methods This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2012. The association between SII and thyroid function was analyzed using weighted univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and weighted restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were also employed to test this correlation. Results Of the 6,875 participants (age ≥ 20 years), the mean age was 46.87 ± 0.40 years. The adjusted model showed that lnSII was negatively correlated with FT3 (β = −0.0559, 95% CI −0.1060 to −0.0059,) and FT3/FT4 (β = −0.0920, 95% CI −0.1667 to −0.0173,). There was a positive correlation between lnSII and TT4 (β = 0.1499, 95% CI 0.0722–0.2276,). In subgroup analyses, lnSII still independently affected a wide range of thyroid functions. Weighted RCS analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between FT3 and lnSII. Conclusion Close relationships exist between SII and a variety of thyroid functions. SII can be used as an indicator to predict thyroid dysfunction. Control of inflammatory activity may be a protective measure against thyroid dysfunction. More large-scale prospective studies are necessary to further explore the correlation between SII and thyroid function and the role of obesity in this.