Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tumor-derived exosomes in hypoxic microenvironment: release mechanism, biological function and clinical application

Hypoxia is a key feature of solid tumors and is related to disease aggressiveness and adverse outcomes. It is recognized that the two-way communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment is critical to cancer progression. Increasing evidences show that the cellular communication and crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment is not limited to secreted molecules, but also includes exosomes secreted by tumor cells. Exosomes are nano-scale extracellular vesicles (30-100 nm in diameter), which carry the molecular characteristics and cargo of the source cell, participating in intercellular communication through autocrine, paracrine and near-crine pathways. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells produce more exosomes under hypoxic conditions than normoxia conditions. The secretion and function of exosomes could be influenced by hypoxia in various types of cancer. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and discuss the latest research on the physiological mechanism of hypoxia regulating the secretion of exosomes, and the involvement of hypoxic exosomes in cancer progression and immune escape processes, and expounds the potential for targeting hypoxia-induced exosomes for cancer therapy strategies.
Coronavirus Pandemic The clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19 infection

Introduction: One of the factors that may aggravate the clinical presentation in COVID-19 is the increased level of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) and thrombotic events that can be seen with the disease. In our retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of aPLs on the clinical findings in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Methodology: Seventy-three patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and examined for aPLs were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the test results of aPLs. Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared in both groups to reveal whether there was any difference between the groups. Results: There were 15 patients with a positive aPLs test. Dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, and abdominal pain were significantly higher in the aPLs positive group than those with negative aPLs. The duration of hospital stays and the need for oxygen therapy of the patients in the aPLs positive group were significantly higher than the aPLs negative group. However, no difference was found between the two groups in terms of mechanical ventilation need, intensive care admission rate, thrombosis and mortality. In terms of laboratory findings, those with positive aPLs have higher median C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin values than those with negative aPLs. Conclusions: In our study group, we could not find a relationship between aPLs positivity and critical complications. According to our hypothesis, it may not be necessary to routinely examine aPLs in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 to determine the risk of thromboembolic complications.
How much measurement independence is needed in order to demonstrate nonlocality?

If nonlocality is to be inferred from a violation of Bell's inequality, an important assumption is that the measurement settings are freely chosen by the observers, or alternatively, that they are random and uncorrelated with the hypothetical local variables. We demonstrate a connection between models that weaken this assumption, allowing partial correlation, and (i) models that allow classical communication between the distant parties, (ii) models that exploit the detection loophole. Even if Bob's choices are completely independent, all correlations from projective measurements on a singlet can be reproduced, with mutual information between Alice's choice and local variables less than or equal to one bit. BARRETT, Jonathan, GISIN, Nicolas. How Much Measurement Independence Is Needed to Demonstrate Nonlocality? Physical Review Letters, 2011, vol. 106, no. 10, p. 4 DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106. 100406
CBIR USING SVM FOR WEB SEARCHING APPLICATION

: Retrieving the images from web pages is the need in modern era. In order to retrieve an image; three visual features may help, that visual features are colour, texture and shape. Image retrieval system try to assay through a database to look for images that are content fully same as that of query image. An increasingly popular and the substantial method that help in the retrieval of an image data from a large collection of data is Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). In the proposed work, CBIR approach along with Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is projected to be used for retrieval of an image. CBIR accounts the approach of retrieving images on the basis of visual features from huge collection of data. It is projected to implement the substantial technique for retrieval of an image which uses dynamic dominant colour, shape and texture features of an image.
Inflammatory and immune markers in HIV‐infected older adults on long‐term antiretroviral therapy: Persistent elevation of sCD14 and of proinflammatory effector memory T cells

HIV‐positive patients whose viral loads are successfully controlled by active antiretroviral therapy (ART) show no clinical signs of AIDS. However, their lifespan is shorter compared with individuals with no HIV infection and they prematurely exhibit a multitude of chronic diseases typically associated with advanced age. It was hypothesized that immune system aging may correlate with, and provide useful biomarkers for, this premature loss of healthspan in HIV‐positive subjects. Here, we tested whether the immune correlates of aging, including cell numbers and phenotypes, inflammatory status, and control of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) in HIV‐positive subjects on long‐term successful ART (HIV+) may reveal increased “immunological age” compared with HIV‐negative, age‐matched cohort (HIV−) in participants between 50 and 69 years of age. Specifically, we expected that younger HIV+ subjects may immunologically resemble older individuals without HIV. We found no evidence to support this hypothesis. While T cells from HIV+ participants displayed differential expression in several differentiation and/or inhibitory/exhaustion markers in different T cell subpopulations, aging by a decade did not pronounce these changes. Similarly, while the HIV+ participants exhibited higher T cell responses and elevated inflammatory marker levels in plasma, indicative of chronic inflammation, this trait was not age‐sensitive. We did find differences in immune control of hCMV, and, more importantly, a sustained elevation of sCD14 and of proinflammatory CD4 and CD8 T cell responses across age groups, pointing towards uncontrolled inflammation as a factor in reduced healthspan in successfully treated older HIV+ patients.
Fake News Detection using Naïve Bayes Classifier

: This Project comes up with the applications of NLP techniques for detecting the ‘fake news’, that is, misleading news stories that comes from the non-reputable sources. Only by building a model based on a count vectorizer or a Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency matrix. But these models do not consider the important qualities like word ordering and context. It is very possible that two articles that are similar in their word count will be completely different in their meaning. There is a Kaggle competition called as the “Fake News Challenge” and Facebook is employing AI to filter fake news stories out of users’ feeds. Combatting the fake news is a classic text classification project. Is it possible for us to build a model that can differentiate between “Real “news and “Fake” news, So a proposed work on assembling a dataset of both fake and real news and employ a Naive Bayes classifier in order to create a model to classify an article into fake or real based on its words and phrases.
Benefits and risks of apps for patients

Purpose of review As smartphones have become deeply integrated into our daily lives, diabetes apps have emerged as valuable tools for people living with diabetes (PWD's). Whether as standalone apps or companion apps to diabetes devices such as glucose meters or insulin pumps, they aim to help patients better manage their diabetes. However, with almost a half million health apps available, it is important to have a framework for understanding their benefits and disadvantages. Recent findings 2020 was the first year that every insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor manufacturer in the United States offered a smartphone companion app for their flagship products. These companion apps enabled cloud-based data synchronization, which in turn proved to be extremely timely as the COVID-19 pandemic shifted many diabetes clinic appointments to the telemedicine format. The American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes Diabetes Technology Working Group recently published a consensus report highlighting the current state of diabetes digital app technology. Summary While diabetes apps offer unique conveniences and advantages for PWD's, it is equally important to fully understand their potential pitfalls to better inform all diabetes stakeholders: patients, healthcare professionals, regulatory agencies, researchers, and policy makers.
Risk factors for anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture

Abstract Background: Although the research on the risk factors of anterior communicating artery (AComA) aneurysm has made great progress, the independent effect of each risk factor on the rupture of AComA aneurysm is controversial among different studies. We will perform a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate risk factors for AComA aneurysm rupture and quantify their independent effects. Methods: A systematic search according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception to August 31, 2021 for published studies concerning risk factors for AComA aneurysm rupture. In the absence of statistical heterogeneity (ie, P > .10 and I2 < 50%), we will use a fixed-effects model to pool the results across sufficient studies. Otherwise, we will present the results employing the random-effects model. Quality assessment of the included studies will be evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses will be performed using Stata16 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) software. Results: The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication. Conclusion: This systematic review will provide evidence to determine the risk factors that affect the rupture of the AComA aneurysm and quantify their independent effects. Ethics and dissemination: Since the proposed study uses pre-published data, ethical approval is not required. Review registration number: CRD42021284262. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/).
Novel Hemorrhagic Risk Score in Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Gastrointestinal Malignant Tumor Comorbidity: A 10-year Clinical Inpatient Data Analysis from 2 Medical Centers

Abstract Objective: Older patients with comorbidity, such as coronary heart disease (CHD) and malignant gastrointestinal tumors, are at a high risk of bleeding events. However, risk prediction models based on risk factor assessment remain unclear. This study aimed to establish an individualized bleeding risk assessment system based on the analysis of 10-year inpatient clinical big data. Methods: Total clinical data of 56,819 patients with CHD and 25,988 patients with malignant digestive tract tumors (admitted from January 2008 to December 2017) were retrospectively collected at the First and Second Medical Centers of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. Among them, 1307 patients with CHD and malignant digestive tract tumors were screened as the derivation cohort. The dependent variable was the occurrence of major clinical bleeding events. Baseline statistics and hypothesis tests of differences were performed for independent variables according to the occurrence of bleeding. Decision Tree, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), logistic regression, and random forest models were used for comparison. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were applied as the criteria for evaluating and verifying model performance. To evaluate this developed model, another cohort comprising 454 patients (admitted from January 2018 to December 2019) was prospectively enrolled as the validation cohort based on the same inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Among the 64 variables with <50% missing values, the recursive feature elimination method with a random forest model was used to screen the selected variables. The highest accuracy was obtained following the selection of 10 scalars, and the final model was constructed accordingly. XGBoost demonstrated the best performance comprehensively. The AUC-ROC of this model was 0.981, with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.939, 0.950, and 0.927, respectively. In the validation cohort, the AUC-ROC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the XGBoost model were 0.702, 0.718, 0.636, and 0.725, respectively. The rate of major bleeding events has a positive correlation with the bleeding risk score quintiles. To allow for convenient clinical application, a smartphone application was developed for easy access and calculation (http://fir.master-wx.com/sghr). Conclusion: We successfully established a risk model and score for predicting bleeding events in older patients with comorbidity, such as CHD and gastrointestinal cancer.
Comparison of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator, Trauma and Injury Severity Score, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status to predict operative trauma mortality in elderly patients

A multicenter prospective observational study finds NSQIP-SRC to have superior predicative ability compared to TRISS and ASA-PS when evaluating mortality, length of stay, and complications in elderly operative trauma patients. Supplemental digital content is available in the text. BACKGROUND The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) uses anatomical and physiologic variables to predict mortality. Elderly (65 years or older) trauma patients have increased mortality and morbidity for a given TRISS, in part because of functional status and comorbidities. These factors are incorporated into the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (NSQIP-SRC). We hypothesized scoring tools using comorbidities and functional status to be superior at predicting mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and complications in elderly trauma patients undergoing operation. METHODS Four level I trauma centers prospectively collected data on elderly trauma patients undergoing surgery within 24 hours of admission. Using logistic regression, five scoring models were compared: ASA-PS, NSQIP-SRC, TRISS, TRISS–ASA-PS, and TRISS–NSQIP-SRC. Brier scores and area under the receiver operator characteristics curve were calculated to compare mortality prediction. Adjusted R2 and root mean squared error were used to compare LOS and predictive ability for number of complications. RESULTS From 122 subjects, 9 (7.4%) died, and the average LOS was 12.9 days (range, 1–110 days). National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator was superior to ASA-PS and TRISS at predicting mortality (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve, 0.978 vs. 0.768 vs. 0.903; p = 0.007). Furthermore, NSQIP-SRC was more accurate predicting LOS (R2, 25.9% vs. 13.3% vs. 20.5%) and complications (R2, 34.0% vs. 22.6% vs. 29.4%) compared with TRISS and ASA-PS. Adding TRISS to NSQIP-SRC improved predictive ability compared with NSQIP-SRC alone for complications (R2, 35.5% vs. 34.0%; p = 0.046). However, adding ASA-PS or TRISS to NSQIP-SRC did not improve the predictive ability for mortality or LOS. CONCLUSION The NSQIP-SRC, which includes comorbidities and functional status, had superior ability to predict mortality, LOS, and complications compared with TRISS alone in elderly trauma patients undergoing surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level III
Celecoxib and Myrtol

Background: Unresectable appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMNs) with extensive peritoneal dissemination cause significant morbidity and have limited treatment options. We evaluated a novel combination of Celecoxib and Myrtol in treating such AMNs. Methods: Patients with recurrent AMNs with extensive peritoneal disease treated with a daily regimen of 200 mg Celecoxib and 1200 mg Myrtol Standardized were included. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) trends were compared pretreatment and post-treatment in terms of percentage change. Results: Thirteen patients with extensive, recurrent disease (median peritoneal carcinomatosis index of 36) were included between 2017 and 2020. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range: 55 to 67) and 7 (54%) were male. A total of 85% had undergone prior cytoreductive surgery while 15% underwent cytoreductive surgery >2 times. 54% had received multiple cycles of systemic chemotherapy before starting Celecoxib-Myrtol. After a median follow-up of 8 months, median PFS and OS were 16 months (interquartile range: 5 to 17) and 27 months, respectively. Nine (69.2%) showed improvement in CEA values 3 months after treatment compared with 3-month pretreatment CEA trends. None had adverse events attributable to Celecoxib-Myrtol. Conclusions: Our feasibility study suggests that a regimen of Celecoxib-Myrtol is well tolerated and may prolong PFS and OS in patients with recurrent AMNs with peritoneal spread.
Systematic Isolation of Key Parameters for Estimating Skeletal Maturity on Anteroposterior Wrist Radiographs

Background: The ability to make a continuous skeletal maturity estimate from a wrist radiograph would be useful in the treatment of adolescent forearm fractures, scoliosis, and other conditions. We attempted to create a reliable, rapid, and accurate method to do this. Methods: Many anteroposterior wrist radiographic parameters from 3 skeletal maturity systems were simplified to 23 based on relevance to the peripubertal age range, univariate correlation with skeletal maturity, and reliability. These 23 parameters were evaluated on serial peripubertal anteroposterior hand-wrist radiographs. We determined the Greulich and Pyle (GP) skeletal age and Sanders hand system (SHS) stage. We used stepwise linear regression and generalized estimating equation (GEE) procedures to identify important radiographic and demographic parameters for estimating skeletal maturity, creating the “Modified Fels wrist skeletal maturity system. ” Its accuracy predicting skeletal maturity was evaluated and compared with that of 4 other systems: (1) GP system, (2) SHS, (3) GP parameters along with age and sex, and (4) SHS parameters along with age and sex. Results: Three hundred and seventy-two radiographs of 42 girls (age range, 7 to 15 years) and 38 boys (age range, 9 to 16 years) were included. Fifteen radiographic parameters were excluded from the Modified Fels wrist system by stepwise regression and GEE analyses, leaving age, sex, and 8 radiographic parameters in the final model. Use of the Modified Fels wrist system resulted in more accurate skeletal maturity estimations (0.34-year mean discrepancy with actual skeletal maturity) than all other systems (p < 0.001 for all). The Modified Fels wrist system had a similar rate of outlier skeletal maturity estimations as the age, sex, and SHS model (1.9% versus 3.5%, p = 0.11) and fewer outliers than all other systems (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: A system that included demographic factors and 8 anteroposterior wrist radiographic parameters estimates skeletal maturity more accurately than the 2 most-used skeletal maturity systems in the United States. Clinical Relevance: The Modified Fels wrist skeletal maturity system may allow for more accurate, reliable, and rapid skeletal maturity estimation than current systems, and also may be used when treating adolescent forearm fractures as it does not require imaging past the metacarpals. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Polygenic risk scores for the diagnosis and management of dyslipidemia

Purpose of review To review current progress in the use of polygenic risk scores for lipid traits and their use in the diagnosis and treatment of lipid disorders. Recent findings Inherited lipid disorders, including those causing extremes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, or triglycerides were initially identified as monogenic traits, in which a single rare variant with large effect size is responsible for the phenotype. More recently, a polygenic basis for many lipid traits has also been identified. Patients with polygenic dyslipidemia can be identified through the use of polygenic risk scores (PRSs), which collapse information from a handful to several million genetic variants into a single metric. Summary PRSs for lipid traits may aid in the identification of the genetic basis for the lipid phenotype in individual patients, may provide additional information regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease, and could help in guiding therapeutic decision making.
Efficient and Security Transmission of Wind,Photovoltaic and Thermal Power of Large-scale Energy Resource Bases Through UHVDC Projects

Since the environment problem caused by fossil fuel consumption is intensified,wind power as the most technically mature clean energy in the world has been developed rapidly.In the last decade,wind power made significant progress in China.At present,accommodation capability of wind power in Northwest,Northeast and North China tends to be saturated.With the planned integration of large-scale photovoltaic power,it is urgent to transmit redundant renewable power to loads of other regions.The main problem of wind power operation was analyzed in this paper.The feasibility of transmitting large-scale renewable power located in Northeast and Northwest to North,East and Central China grid through ultra high voltage direct current(UHVDC) projects was systematically researched.The practical calculation method of matched power capacity and the scheduling production simulation method were presented,based on transmission capacity,typical wind output curves and PV curves.The security and stability calculation process is concluded.The proposed method was proved to be effective by simulating project cases.The study results show that curtailment capacity of wind and PV power will be minimized by optimizing the proportion of wind,PV and thermal power on the basis of power system security and stability.And renewable energy will be developed effectively,which is of obvious significance to optimizing structure of power source,improving air quality and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.