Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of Glaucoma amongst Medical and Nursing Final Year Students in Southern Nigeria

: The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and understanding of glaucoma amongst final year medical and nursing students and to subjectively assess their perception of basic eye examination skills. This was a cross sectional survey using a self-administered pre-tested questionnaire. A total of 238 students with a mean age of 23.2 years, comprising of 102 (42.9%) medical and 136 (57.1%) nursing students took the survey. Almost all the participants had heard about glaucoma with four out of five participants knowing there is treatment for glaucoma. One hundred and sixty-five (69.3%) felt their exposure to basic eye examination was inadequate and this affected their overall confidence in carrying out eye examinations. In conclusion, the soon to be medical professionals had a good knowledge and understanding of glaucoma, however there was a poor level of confidence towards carrying out basic eye examination which needs to be addressed in the current teaching curriculum.
A performance comparison for two lagrangian drifter designs

Abstract We compare the water‐parcel‐following and position‐reporting performance of two recent drifter designs. One (Tristar‐II ) uses the ARGOS satellite navigation system, has a very large drogue: float frontal area ratio and a small velocity error resulting from wind drag and surface wave forces. The second design uses an internal Loran receiver and transmits its position every half hour by radio. Its drogue: float frontal area ratio is much smaller than the TRISTAR's; we wished to know if this difference caused a significant change in drifter trajectory. Over a 78‐h joint deployment, the two designs had nearly identical trajectories. Measured drift speeds ranged from 10 to 30 cms−1. Wind speeds (an important potential biasing factor) ranged up to 15 ms−l. Net velocity difference over the full deployment was only 0.1 cms−1. Frontal trapping of both drifters during the latter part of the comparison period may have helped to minimize this difference. But we also observed little or no downwind slippage (.
Mental Disorder and Suicide: What’s the Connection?

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. Mental Disorder and Suicide: What’s the Connection?
Thermo‐mechanical approach to validation of deep crustal and lithospheric structures inferred from multidisciplinary data: application to the Western and Northern Alps

Current multidisciplinary studies confront the difficult problem of validation and verification of internal compatibility of geophysical and geological data of different nature, quality and origin. Our ‘geodynamic’ approach exploits the natural interdependence between the data related to different physical properties of geological structures (density, rheology, temperature, stress). Using the latter as input for a thermo‐mechanical finite‐element model, we can verify whether the inferred properties and geometries (i) are mechanically stable, (ii) require rheologically consistent stresses, strains, realistic thermal conditions, etc., and (3) will evolve in a geologically realistic way in the future. This ‘mechanically balanced’ approach is tested on the Alpine orogen (ECORS and NFP20 profiles) in the framework of the GeoFrance 3D programme. The results suggest a number of corrections and adjustments that can be made to existing seismically‐and gravity‐predicted geometries of structures such as the Ivrea body and those of the depleted subducted crust.
Ripple migration and dune activity on Mars: Evidence for dynamic wind processes

In this report we show evidence of widespread ripple migration over the stoss side of dark barchan dunes in Nili Patera on Mars. The measured average migration of ∼1.7 meters in less than 4 terrestrial months clearly indicates that active sand saltation is occurring in the study area. In addition, we document widespread changes in the dune base‐ground surface contact and in the slip face structures, showing that not only the ripples, but the whole dunes are actually migrating in the present‐day atmospheric setting. These results provide unequivocal evidence of recent aeolian activity and suggest that other dunes and ripples on Mars may also be active.
Improving Knowledge in Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support via mHealth Among Nurses: A Quality Improvement Project

4 Problem Statement 6 Significance 7 Literature Review 9 Search Strategy 10 Barriers to mHealth Adoption Among Providers 11 Benefits of mHealth in Improving Patient Outcomes 14 Provider Education to Improve Knowledge of mHealth 16 Strengths and Limitations of the Literature 19 Summary of the Literature 20 Purpose/PICO Clinical Question/Objectives 20 Definition of Terms 21 Conceptual Underpinning and Theorical Framework 22 Methodology 23 Setting of Participants/Procedures 25 Protection of Human Subjects 27 Data Collection 27 Data Analysis/Data Management 29 Results Descriptive Data 30 Inferential Data 31 DocuSign Envelope ID: C2FD18C3-6EE3-4EC0-BA9E-18AD95192550
A Hybrid Method for Learning Edge-Minimal Gaussian I-maps

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm for structure learning in linear Gaussian models whose structure is a directed graph. The algorithm performs a local search for a model that meets the following criteria: (1) The Markov blankets in the model should be consistent with dependency information from statistical tests. (2) Minimize the number of edges subject to the ﬁrst constraint. (3) Maximize a given score function subject to the ﬁrst two constraints. Our local search is based on Graph Equivalence Search (GES); we also apply the recently developed SIN statistical testing strategy to help avoid terminating the search in a local minimum. Simulation studies with GES search and the BIC score provide evidence that for nets with about 10 or more variables, the hybrid method selects simpler graphs whose structure is closer to the target graph.
Loyola eCommons Loyola

Several methods have been developed for filtering seasonal influences and extreme returns in financial and economic time series. The theoretical support for these approaches is rather questionable since it focuses on the effects of shocks on prices and not on their sources. Removing such effects modifies the true generating system of market dynamics because of the non-proportional character of non-linearity. Thus, taking into account that the underlying process of economic time series is highly non-linear we cannot be certain a priori what the impact of new information will be on the dynamic structure of a system. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate using the methodology of simulations the eventual distortions in time series data arising from the arrival of news when agents’ follow non-linear trading strategies. We argue that if news can really modify the dynamical behaviour of a system, then the methodology of filtering exogenous distortions needs to be re-examined.
to Leeds Beckett Repository

The aim of this novel research was to compare the amount of systematic training and the different training activities undertaken by elite-standard long-distance runners during their first seven years of systematic training. Participants were divided into three performance groups: world-class Kenyans (N = 19), European-standard Spanish athletes (N = 18), and Spanish national-standard athletes (N = 18). Performance and training data were obtained for two-year periods using retrospective recall (including training diaries) from the time the athletes began systematic training, until the seventh year after. These activities included high-intensity training sessions considered deliberate practice (DP) and easy runs. There was no evidence that starting systematic training at a younger age was advantageous, and easy runs (a non-DP activity) were the most used by participants as a proportion of overall running distance. As part of an overall higher accumulation of distance run ( P < 0.001, d ≥ 1.35), the Kenyans completed more tempo runs and short-interval training than the other groups ( P < 0.001, d ≥ 1.38), but did not complete more long intervals or races. There were few differences between the European-and national-standard athletes except for easy runs, which highlights the value of these easy runs but also the need for higher-intensity training to compete with world-class performers. When planning for training overload and progression, long-distance running coaches should consider increasing the volume of tempo runs and short intervals, in addition to easier runs that develop cardiovascular conditioning.
An Approach for Dynamic Reliability Assessment of Digital Main Feedwater Control System for Nuclear Power Plant

: It is difficult to characterize the dynamic interaction and time dependence of digital control systems for nuclear power plants (NPP) with the traditional static reliability assessment methods. In order to solve this problem, taking the digital main feedwater control system (DMFCS) as the research object, an assessment method for dynamic reliability of the DMFCS for NPP based on dynamic fault tree (DFT) and dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) methods was proposed in the following route. First, DFT analysis was firstly utilized to create the DFT for the DMFCS to characterize its dynamic interaction. Then, DBN method was used to create the DBN model based on the conversion strategy from DFT to DBN for the MFCS to characterize its dynamic interaction and time dependence. Finally, the reliability curve of the DMFCS over time was obtained through the forward inference, the posterior probability of root nodes were obtained through the backward inference, and the system weakness was identified through importance analysis. The results showed that the proposed method can well describe the dynamic interaction and time dependence of the DMFCS. The analysis results provide a scientific basis for intelligent maintenance and routine maintenance of the system, helping further improve the reliability and security of the DMFCS.
Planiﬁcation robuste pour la collaboration homme-robot

From the robot’s point of view, a major issue in human-robot collaboration is how to be robust against uncertain human objectives, and uncertain human behaviors given a known objective. A key preliminary question is then : How to derive realistic human behaviors given a known objec-tive? Indeed, to allow for collaboration, such behaviors should also account for the robot behavior, while it is not known in the ﬁrst place. In this paper, we rely on Markov decision models, representing the uncertainty over the human objective as a probability distribution over a ﬁnite set
Isochronous singing in 3 crested gibbon species ( Nomascus spp.)

The search for common characteristics between the musical abilities of humans and other animal species is still taking its first steps. One of the most promising aspects from a comparative point of view is the analysis of rhythmic components, which are crucial features of human communicative performance but also well-identifiable patterns in the vocal displays of other species. Therefore, the study of rhythm is becoming essential to understand the mechanisms of singing behavior and the evolution of human communication. Recent findings provided evidence that particular rhythmic structures occur in human music and some singing animal species, such as birds and rock hyraxes, but only 2 species of nonhuman primates have been investigated so far ( Indri indri and Hylobates lar ). Therefore, our study aims to consistently broaden the list of species studied regarding the presence of rhythmic categories. We investigated the temporal organization in the singing of 3 species of crested gibbons ( Nomascus gabriellae, Nomascus leucogenys , and Nomascus siki ) and found that the most prominent rhythmic category was isochrony. Moreover, we found slight variation in songs’ tempo among species, with N. gabriellae and N. siki singing with a temporal pattern involving a gradually increasing tempo (a musical accelerando ), and N. leucogenys with a more regular pattern. Here, we show how the prominence of a peak at the isochrony establishes itself as a shared characteristic in the small apes considered so far.
How KR benefits from Formal Concept Analysis Proposal for a half-day tutorial at KR 2023

Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) [GW99] emerged from an attempt to restructuring lattice theory and making it more accessible to potential users [Wil82]. Data is represented as a formal context, which is a table showing which objects have which attributes. On the one hand, FCA can be used to identify clusters in the data, which are called concepts, and to build a hierarchy of these concepts. On the other hand, FCA helps to extract the dependencies between sets of attributes, which correspond to propositional Horn formulae. The set of all implications that hold in a formal context can be large. The canonical base [GD86] represents this implicative theory in a complete way and consists of a minimal number of implications. Both the concept hierarchy and the implication base can be computed in exponential time [Gan84]. In cases where only an expert with complete knowledge is available (but no formal context), the interactive algorithm Attribute Exploration [Gan84] can be used to construct a minimal representation of the implicative theory. More recent algorithms are much faster and have thus enabled the usage of FCA in applications, like Fast Close-by-One [KOV10], In-Close [And18], and LinCbO [JKK21]. The idea of employing methods and tools from FCA in Description Logic (DL) has a long tradition. FCA has been used in DL for an efficient computation of an extended subsumption hierarchy of DL concepts as well as for bottom-up construction of ontologies [BM00; BS04; Ser07], for acquiring complete knowledge about an application domain as well as for enriching OWL ontologies [Baa+07; Ser07], and for mining axioms from interpretations and from knowledge graphs [BD08; Dis11; Bor14; Kri19a]. In this tutorial we will first briefly introduce basics of FCA, and later concentrate on its applications in DL.
of major depressive episodes in the Duration of major depressive episodes in the

Declaration of interest The study was supported byThe Netherlands Ministryof Health,Welfare and Sport, the Medical Sciences Departmentof The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research and the National Institute for Public Health and Environment. The study of the natural history of major depressive episodes and its determinants is essential to understanding the nature of the illness and may guide the development of more effective treatment strategies (Judd, 1997). Duration of major depressive episodes has been found to vary widely, with median durations between 3 months and 12 months and rates of chronicity (duration 24 months or more) between 10% and 30% (Keller et al, 1982, 1992; Angst, 1988; Coryell et al, 1994; Angst & Preisig, 1995; Mueller et al, 1996; Solomon et al, 1997; Furukawa et al, 2000). The variation may be explained by different definitions of recovery. Moreover, the previous studies were subject to two kinds of bias. Leadtime bias arises because participants with depression were not recruited at a similar point in time in the course of the disorder; mostly, prevalent cases were included. Referral filter bias arises because selected populations of inor out-patients with depression were studied. It is expected that both kinds of bias lead to an overrepresentation of chronic cases (Cohen & Cohen, 1984). To avoid these sources of bias, the duration of newly originated major depressive episodes should be studied in people with depression selected from the general population. In a 13to 15-year follow-up of the Baltimore site of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, a median duration of major depressive episodes of 8–12 weeks was found (Eaton et al, 1997). The Life Chart Interview (LCI) (Lyketsos et al, 1994) was used to determine the onset and duration of major depressive episodes. Owing to the long follow-up period, dating of episodes was global and limited to 1 year. With regard to determinants of episode duration, living without a partner (Mueller et al, 1996), comorbid dysthymia (Keller et al, 1982) and severity of depression (Keller et al, 1992; Mueller et al, 1996; Furukawa et al, 2000) have been found to predict longer duration of episode. The primary aims of our study were (a) to investigate duration of major depressive episodes in detail over a period of 2 years in a cohort with newly originated episodes (first or recurrent) from the general population, and (b) to study potential socio-demographic and clinical determinants of episode duration. A secondary aim was to assess the effect of referral filter bias (by comparing episode duration across levels of care).
Model-predictive control for non-prehensile tray-based object transportation

—This document summarizes the latest results achieved in the field of robotic non-prehensile tray-based object transportation. The problem consists in transporting along a trajectory an object placed on a tray-like end-effector of a robotic manipulator preventing it to slide and potentially fall. We developed a model-predictive control approach that computes optimal jerk-based inputs for the considered system to accomplish the task while enforcing both system and non-sliding manipulation constraints. Experiments performed on the RoDyMan humanoid robot validated our approach.
On Virtual Economies

Several million people currently have accounts in massively multi-player online games, places in cyberspace that are effectively large-scale shared virtual reality environments. The population of these virtual worlds has grown rapidly since their inception in 1996; significantly, each world also seems to grow its own economy, with production, assets, and trade with Earth economies. This paper explores two questions about these developments. First, will these economies grow in importance? Second, if they do grow, how will that affect real-world economies and governments? To shed light on the first question, the paper presents a brief history of these games along with a simple choice model of the demand for game time. The history suggests that the desire to live in a game world is deep-rooted and driven by game technology. The model reveals a certain puzzle about puzzles and games: in the demand for these kinds of interactive entertainment goods, people reveal that they are willing to pay money to be constrained. Still, the nature of games as a produced good suggests that technological advances, and heavy competition, will drive the future development of virtual worlds. If virtual worlds do become a large part of the daily life of humans, their development may have an impact on the macroeconomies of Earth. It will also raise certain constitutional issues, since it is not clear, today, exactly who has jurisdiction over these new economies.
The use of AI and machine learning in the Swedish archival sector

The arrival of AI and machine learning in the archiving world implies a reconceptualization of archival institutions from consisting of archives as records to be read towards archives as data to be mined. This thesis aims to survey and analyse the arrival of AI and machine learning within the Swedish archival sector. Through the analyses of four archival institutions and semi-structured interviews with archive professionals, this study illuminates the current state of AI in the Swedish archival sector, opportunities and obstacles of AI implementations, and the impact of AI on the Swedish archival profession. Swedish archival institutions have interest in and expectations of AI implementation. Yet, the current level of AI implementation is generally on experimental instead of an operational level. The findings show that collaboration and knowledge exchange are key drivers to accelerate the implementation of AI in the archival sector. The study concludes with practical recommendations for archival institutions and archive professionals.
Value of F-wave studies on the electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome

Background: F waves are late electrophysiological responses to antidromic activation of motor neurons and are used to evaluate the conduction along the whole length of peripheral nerves. We aimed to determine the diagnostic efficacies of minimum median nerve F-wave latency (FWL) and median-to-ulnar nerve F-wave latency difference (FWLD) on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Materials and methods: The electrophysiological studies consisted of sensory and motor nerve conduction and F-wave studies of the median and ulnar nerves. The best cut-off points of minimum median nerve FWL and FWLD for the diagnosis of CTS were detected for the whole study group and for different height subgroups (Group 1: 150–159 cm, Group 2: 160–169 cm, and Group 3: over 170 cm). The diagnostic efficacies of minimum median nerve FWL and FWLD were calculated for the whole CTS group and for the mild CTS group, separately. Results: The best cut-off point of minimum median nerve FWL on the diagnosis of CTS was determined as 24.60 ms for the whole group. It was 23.90 ms for Group 1, 24.80 ms for Group 2, and 28.40 ms for Group 3. The usage of these stratified cut-off points yielded a higher total diagnostic efficacy rate than single cut-off point usage (79.9% vs 69%, respectively; P = 0.02). The best cut-off point of FWLD on the diagnosis of CTS was 0.80 ms for the whole group. It was 0.55 ms for Group 1, 0.30 ms for Group 2, and 0.85 ms for Group 3. Both the single cut-off point usage and the stratified chart usage for FWLD had equal diagnostic efficacy (85.1%). In the mild CTS group, diagnostic efficacy was 55.5% for minimum median nerve FWL and 78.8% for FWLD ( P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Median-to-ulnar nerve FWLD yields a higher diagnostic efficacy than minimum median nerve FWL on the diagnosis of CTS. However, the sensitivities of both parameters are not satisfactory for the extremities with mild CTS, which compose the main group having diagnostic challenge.
Religious Conscientious Objections and Insulation from Evidence

Religion is often singled out for special legal treatment in Western societies - which raises and important question: what, if anything, is special about religious conscience beliefs that warrants such special legal treatment? In this paper, I will offer an answer to this specialness question by investigating the relationship between religious conscientious objections and their insulation from relevant evidence. I will begin my analysis by looking at Brian Leiter’s arguments that religious beliefs are insulated from evidence and not worthy of special legal treatment as a result. I will argue that he fails to show that religious conscience beliefs are both in principle responsive to empirical evidence and in practice typically more insulated from this evidence than secular conscience beliefs. If I am right about this, then Leiter fails to answer the “central puzzle” of his recent book and fails to sufficiently distinguish the religious conscience from the secular conscience. Second, I will look at whether or not it is plausible to understand the religious conscience as insulated from other forms of evidence. Following the research of social-psychologist Jonathan Haidt, I will argue that, typically, both forms of conscience seem to be similarly insulated from moral argumentation. I will also show that, while it seems as though the religious conscience usually draws from a larger set of moral values when compared to the secular conscience, this should make no legal difference overall. To conclude, I will explain that the arguments in this paper can be understood as evidence in support of an egalitarian response to religion’s specialness.