Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
User Behavior Detection Using Multi-Modal Signatures of Encrypted Network Traffic

With the development of the network environment and the emergence of new applications, network traffic has become increasingly complex. This paper focuses on user behavior detection based on encrypted traffic analysis. User behavior information plays a critical role in network management and security, leading to extensive research in this domain. This paper introduces two main contributions. Firstly, we present a categorization method for application types and a behavior definition approach for user behavior detection research. This enables consistent behavior definition for each application type, facilitating objective performance comparison with other studies in the field. Secondly, a behavior detection method based on multi-modal signatures is introduced. The multi-modal signatures represent the multiple signatures extracted from encrypted traffic, including header, SNI, and PSD signatures, which are subsequently defined as a rule. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conducted 4 experiments on 5 SaaS applications. As a result of the experiments, the proposed method achieves an F-measure of 94~99% and can detect other types of application behaviors with high performance. As this study conducts user behavior detection research based on encrypted traffic analysis, the proposed method can be applied to other research areas that utilize encrypted traffic.
Temporal dynamics of the benthic assemblage in the muddy sediments of the harbour of Baiona (Galicia, nw Iberian Peninsula)

Construction of artificial structures on the shoreline such as seawalls, breakwaters and jetties translates, in many cases, in changes in local current dynamics, alteration of sedimentation rates, siltation and organic enrichment. The temporal variation of the benthic fauna inhabiting the muddy sediments at the harbour of Baiona (Galicia, Spain) sheltered by an extensive breakwater was studied from May 1996 to May 1997 by means of quantitative sampling. Sediment was characterized by high content of silt and total organic matter; these results contrast to previous studies done in the same area, which reported a dominance of sandy fractions in the sediment. A total of 17987 individuals representing 187 different taxa belonging to 11 phyla were found. The polychaete, Cossura pygodactylata, and the bivalve, Thyasira flexuosa, were the numerically dominant species at the studied site. Number of species, total abundance and densities of dominant species showed great monthly fluctuations and no clear seasonal patterns of temporal evolution could be detected. Values of diversity and evenness were, in general, high and stable through time. The composition of the assemblage was richer than that of assemblages from similar muddy sediments in other harbour areas from Europe but was poorer than those inhabiting surrounding sandy sediments at the Ensenada de Baiona. The values of the AMBI index and the numerical dominance of opportunistic species such as some deposit-feeding polychaetes indicated some degree of disturbance possibly linked to pulses in organic input derived from human activities in the area and, in first instance, to the construction of the harbour breakwater several decades ago.
VCMA-MTJ: towards Ghz operation low power MRAM

With STT-MRAM now in mass production for embedded flash memory replacement at several foundries, research shifts towards lower power switching mechanisms. We review opportunities and challenges of voltage controlled MRAM through the VCMA effect. We present the material research needed to improve VCMA coefficient in production-relevant magnetic tunnel junctions. We also review precessional switching mechanism and constrains it poses on device operation and propose several solutions and in depth studies carried out on 300mm integrated VCMA-MTJ devices.
An Insight of Betula platyphylla SWEET Gene Family through Genome-Wide Identification, Expression Profiling and Function Analysis of BpSWEET1c under Cold Stress

SWEET proteins play important roles in plant growth and development, sugar loading in phloem and resistance to abiotic stress through sugar transport. In this study, 13 BpSWEET genes were identified from birch genome. Collinearity analysis showed that there were one tandem repeating gene pair (BpSWEET1b/BpSWEET1c) and two duplicative gene pairs (BpSWEET17a/BpSWEET17b) in the BpSWEET gene family. The BpSWEET gene promoter regions contained several cis-acting elements related to stress resistance, for example: hormone-responsive and low-temperature-responsive cis-elements. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that BpSWEET genes were highly expressed in several sink organs, and the most BpSWEET genes were rapidly up-regulated under cold stress. BpSWEET1c, which was highly expressed in cold stress, was selected for further analysis. It was found that BpSWEET1c was located on the cell membrane. After 6 h of 4 °C stress, sucrose content in the leaves and roots of transient overexpressed BpSWEET1c was significantly higher than that of the control. MDA content in roots was significantly lower than that of the control. These results indicate that BpSWEET1c may play a positive role in the response to cold stress by promoting the metabolism and transport of sucrose. In conclusion, 13 BpSWEET genes were identified from the whole genome level. Most of the SWEET genes of birch were expressed in the sink organs and could respond to cold stress. Transient overexpression of BpSWEET1c changed the soluble sugar content and improved the cold tolerance of birch.
Vertical motions in the equatorial middle atmosphere

A single station vertical velocity equation which considers ageostrophic and diabatic effects derived from the first law of thermodynamics and a generalized thermal wind relation is presented. An analysis and verification procedure which accounts for measurement and calculation errors as well as time and space continuity arguments and theoretical predictions are described. Vertical velocities are calculated at every kilometer between 25 and 60 km and for approximately every three hours for the above diurnal period at Kourou (French Guiana), Fort Sherman (Panama Canal Zone), Ascension Island, Antigua (British West Indies) and Natal (Brazil). The results, plotted as time series cross sections, suggest vertical motions ranging in magnitude from 1 or 2 cm/sec at 30 km to as much as 15 cm/sec at 60 km. Many of the general features of the results agree well with atmospheric tidal predictions but many particular features suggest that both smaller time scale gravity waves (periods less than 6 hours) and synoptic type waves (periods greater than 1 day) may be interacting significantly with the tidal fields. The results suggest that vertical motions can be calculated for the equatorial middle atmosphere and must be considered a significant part of the motion for time scales from 8 to 24 hours.
Genomic Data Do Not Support the Species Status of the San Luis Valley Short-Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma diminutum)

Genomic data are increasingly used to understand the nature of species boundaries, which provides critical information about biodiversity and phylogeography. One example is the Greater Short-horned Lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi), a wide-ranging species with substantial morphological and genomic variation throughout its range. Within the range of P. hernandesi, a miniaturized lizard was recently described as P. diminutum. Phrynosoma diminutum inhabits a distinct ecological region of Colorado in the San Luis Valley, but the unique location and size difference between P. diminutum and surrounding populations of P. hernandesi does not necessarily imply that P. diminutum is an independent evolutionary lineage. To determine whether genomic data support P. diminutum as an independent evolutionary lineage, we compared P. diminutum to surrounding populations of P. hernandesi using over 3,000 markers distributed throughout the genome. A phylogenetic analysis shows that P. diminutum is only weakly differentiated from nearby populations of P. hernandesi. Comparisons of genetic differentiation (fixation index, FST; genetic distance, DXY) among five other closely related species of horned lizards provides further evidence that the low levels of genetic divergence observed in P. diminutum are reflective of population-level and not species-level divergence. Therefore, we propose that P. diminutum be placed in the synonymy of P. hernandesi rather than be recognized as a distinct species. Furthermore, we show how genomic data can be used to more accurately test species boundaries and avoid artificially inflating biodiversity estimates.
Analysis of Isolated DC-DC Converters for Electric-Vehicle (EV) Battery Charging

Electric vehicles (EVs) have advanced significantly in recent years in an effort to reduce pollution and energy crisis problems, thanks to government support. However, the need for a fast-charging and efficient system is limiting the development of EVs. In the development and manufacturing of EVs, it is essential to use the proper DC-DC converter topology for EV battery charging. The battery life and capacity must be maximized while designing the power converter. As a result, the power converter used to charge an EV's battery must be highly effective and ripple-free. This paper includes four distinct isolated converter topologies, The Dual Active Full Bridge (FBDAB), Full Bridge LLC (FBLLC), Flyback and Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) For the purpose of comparison. MATLAB Simulink is used to simulate all topologies under the same operating conditions. The comparison results indicate that, among the fundamental topologies, the FBLLC and FBDAB converters are preferred, however, with certain topology modifications, due to inherent input inductance, SEPIC converter shows tremendous promise in EV charging application. In addition, to this study the fundamental design, modeling, and operation of all four converters are presented. The design approaches and design factors of the prototype of all four converters of power rating 1.5 kW is discussed.
Improvement of SDN-based Task Offloading using Golden Jackal Optimization in Fog Center

The new computing paradigm is the fog computing gaining its popularity as a distributed computing, provides services like cloud-computing nearer to the end devices and for latency sensitive application. By offering cloud-like computing and storage capabilities at a lower latency and using less bandwidth, it improves the computational capabilities of mobile nodes and IoT (Internet of Things) devices. Fog computing also has the capacity to provide node mobility, context awareness, dependability, and scalability. Fog computing is used to offload tasks from applications running on end devices due to its many advantages. This enables apps that use the capabilities of fog nodes to run more quickly. Due to the fog environment’s dynamic nature, task offloading is considered to be a challenging problem in fog center. This paper proposes a SDN-based QoS-aware task offloading technique using golden jackel, a unique optimisation algorithm inspired by nature for scheduling tasks to the available Virtual machines (VMs) in the fog layer.
Influence of High-Temperature and Intense Light on the Enzymatic Antioxidant System in Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Plantlets

Environmental stressors such as high temperature and intense light have been shown to have negative effects on plant growth and productivity. To survive in such conditions, plants activate several stress response mechanisms. The synergistic effect of high-temperature and intense light stress has a significant impact on ginger, leading to reduced ginger production. Nevertheless, how ginger responds to this type of stress is not yet fully understood. In this study, we examined the phenotypic changes, malonaldehyde (MDA) content, and the response of four vital enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipoxygenase (LOX), and nitrate reductase (NR)) in ginger plants subjected to high-temperature and intense light stress. The findings of this study indicate that ginger is vulnerable to high temperature and intense light stress. This is evident from the noticeable curling, yellowing, and wilting of ginger leaves, as well as a decrease in chlorophyll index and an increase in MDA content. Our investigation confirms that ginger plants activate multiple stress response pathways, including the SOD and CAT antioxidant defenses, and adjust their response over time by switching to different pathways. Additionally, we observe that the expression levels of genes involved in different stress response pathways, such as SOD, CAT, LOX, and NR, are differently regulated under stress conditions. These findings offer avenues to explore the stress mechanisms of ginger in response to high temperature and intense light. They also provide interesting information for the choice of genetic material to use in breeding programs for obtaining ginger genotypes capable of withstanding high temperatures and intense light stress.
Using Template Matching to Detect Hidden Fluid Release Episodes Beneath Crater Lakes in Ruapehu, Copahue, and Kawah Ijen Volcanoes

Volcano crater lakes, while picturesque, can sometimes mask the occurrence of small eruptions or hydrothermal fluid release events. However, these seemingly hidden events hold a wealth of valuable information about the underlying volcanic conduit and may pose risks to those near the volcano’s summit. This study presents a novel method for identifying these hard‐to‐detect fluid release events by examining seismic data from Ruapehu volcano in New Zealand. We undertake a multi‐timescale template‐matching analysis that uses a newly discovered seismic eruption precursor, to identify patterns related to the rapid consolidation of hydrothermal seals, pressurization processes, and the subsequent release of hydrothermal fluids. As a result, we identified a potential instance of sudden fluid‐release events that were previously unnoticed due to the presence of the crater lake. Our findings support a conceptual model of cyclic pressure variation within the conduit beneath an active crater lake. This model involves the formation and disruption of seals, followed by depressurization through hydrothermal fluid release events. Fluid discharge recession recorded as seismic amplitude decay, provides information about the properties of the reservoir, conduit, and the fluid being discharged. We also applied this technique to Kawah‐Ijen (Indonesia) and Copahue (Chile‐Argentina), identifying multiple potential events at these volcanoes. These findings enhance our understanding of the conditions leading to explosive eruptions, including those that could breach the crater lake.
Pig H3K4me3, H3K27ac, and gene expression profiles reveal reproductive tissue-specific activity of transposable elements

Regulatory sequences and transposable elements (TEs) account for a large proportion of the genomic sequences of species; however, their roles in gene transcription, especially tissue-specific expression, remain largely unknown. Pigs serve as an excellent animal model for studying genomic sequence biology due to the extensive diversity among their wild and domesticated populations. Here, we conducted an integrated analysis using H3K27ac ChIP-seq, H3K4me3 ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq data from 10 different tissues of seven fetuses and eight closely related adult pigs. We aimed to annotate the regulatory elements and TEs to elucidate their associations with histone modifications and mRNA expression across different tissues and developmental stages. Based on correlation analysis between mRNA expression and H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peak activity, results indicated that H3K27ac exhibited stronger associations with gene expression than H3K4me3. Furthermore, 1.45% of TEs overlapped with either the H3K27ac or H3K4me3 peaks, with the majority displaying tissue-specific activity. Notably, a TE subfamily (LTR4C_SS), containing binding motifs for SIX1 and SIX4, showed specific enrichment in the H3K27ac peaks of the adult and fetal ovaries. RNA-seq analysis also revealed widespread expression of TEs in the exons or promoters of genes, including 4 688 TE-containing transcripts with distinct development stage-specific and tissue-specific expression. Of note, 1 967 TE-containing transcripts were enriched in the testes. We identified a long terminal repeat (LTR), MLT1F1, acting as a testis-specific alternative promoter in SRPK2 (a cell cycle-related protein kinase) in our pig dataset. This element was also conserved in humans and mice, suggesting either an ancient integration of TEs in genes specifically expressed in the testes or parallel evolutionary patterns. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TEs are deeply embedded in the genome and exhibit important tissue-specific biological functions, particularly in the reproductive organs.
The Effect of Immigration Policy on Founding Location Choice: Evidence from Canada's Start-up Visa Program

To spur entrepreneurship and economic growth, an increasing number of countries have introduced immigration policies that provide visas to skilled entrepreneurs. This paper investigates whether these policies influence the founding location choice of immigrant founders, by leveraging the introduction of Canada’s Start-up Visa Program in 2013. We demonstrate that this immigration policy increased the likelihood that U.S.-based immigrants have a start-up in Canada by 69%. Our results show that Asian immigrants (who have a higher representation in Canada than in the U.S.) are disproportionately more likely to migrate to Canada to start their businesses, whereas Hispanic immigrants (who have a smaller representation in Canada than in the U.S.) are less inclined to do so. We also find that this propensity varies with the size of co-ethnic immigrant communities in the origin location. Overall, our study unveils the importance of immigration policies in determining founding location choice and has important implications for countries competing for global talent.
Attribute-Based Access Control Policy Generation Approach from Access Logs Based on the CatBoost

Attribute-based access control (ABAC) has higher flexibility and better scalability than traditional access control and can be used for fine-grained access control of large-scale information systems. Although ABAC can depict a dynamic, complex access control policy, it is costly, tedious, and error-prone to manually define. Therefore, it is worth studying how to construct an ABAC policy efficiently and accurately. This paper proposes an ABAC policy generation approach based on the CatBoost algorithm to automatically learn policies from historical access logs. First, we perform a weighted reconstruction of the attributes for the policy to be mined. Second, we provide an ABAC rule extraction algorithm, rule pruning algorithm, and rule optimization algorithm, among which the rule pruning and rule optimization algorithms are used to improve the accuracy of the generated policies. In addition, we present a new policy quality indicator to measure the accuracy and simplicity of the generated policies. Finally, the results of an experiment conducted to validate the approach verify its feasibility and effectiveness.
Optoacoustic Active Cooling in Waveguides

Brillouin-Mandelstam scattering, the interaction of two photons mediated by an acoustic phonon, is one of the strongest third order nonlinearities in optical fibers. In contrast to optomechanical cavities, where Stokes and anti-Stokes processes interact with the same mechanical phonon, the acoustic phonons addressed in a backward Brillouin scattering process are different for Stokes and anti-Stokes processes. Therefore, in order to achieve phonon cooling, there is no need to work in the resolved sideband regime [1].
Viral encephalitis: Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management

Viral encephalitis is worldwide spread pathology with high morbidity and mortality. Its incidence is higher in children. Enteroviruses, varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex viruses are the most frequent agents. However, in spite of the use of modern microbiological and radiological methods, an etiological diagnosis is reached in less than 50% of cases, making a careful differential diagnosis with non viral brain diseases imperative. Pathogenesis is elusive and therapy continues to remain supportive in almost all cases, as the only virus-directed treatment is available for herpesvirus-related encephalitis and a role for steroids continues to be debated. Novel and more targeted therapies are eagerly needed.
An Improved Homopolar Generator Topology for Reduced DC-Link Voltage Ripple Using Passive Diode Rectifiers

Synchronous homopolar machines, when inter-faced with medium-voltage DC primary distribution via three-phase diode rectifiers, constitute a valid alternative technology to conventional AC/DC electric generation units for hybrid and electric aircraft. Passive power converters feature superior reliability, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness, while the machine's field winding provides a reliable DC-link voltage regulation. Targeting the DC-link voltage ripple reduction, a square-wave back electro-motive force design is proposed. In this paper, the impact of the diode rectifier operation on the generation system output is addressed. In particular, the commutation rules of the rectifier due to the machine's inductance are investigated. Considering the typical layout with two series-connected diode rectifiers, a novel concentrated winding layout featuring a $\pi/6$ phase shift between the two three-phase windings is proposed, aimed to limit the DC-link voltage ripple due to the simultaneous commutations. A voltage ripple reduction of 25% is achieved when compared to a conventional winding layout: the performance of the two systems is evaluated through 3-D Finite-Element Analysis (FEA) by integrating the diode-rectifiers within the FE circuital environment.
Fabrication and evaluation of fully sputtered topological insulator/perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/MgO multilayers for SOT-MRAM application

Topological insulator (TI) is considered as one of the most important candidates for a spin current source in spin-orbit torque (SOT) magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) with the spin Hall angle larger than 1. However, well-known TIs such as Bi<inf>2</inf>Se<inf>3</inf> and (BiSb)<inf>2</inf>Te<inf>3</inf> have a low electrical conductivity and are usually grown by the molecular beam epitaxy method which is not suitable for mass production. In this study, we report on fully sputtered BiSb/perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/MgO multilayers for SOT-MRAM application, where BiSb has a large spin Hall angle 1.7 and a high electric conductivity 1.5×10<sup>5</sup> Ω<sup>−1</sup>m<sup>−1</sup>. We demonstrated SOT-induced magnetization switching of CoFeB by a small critical current density of 1.5×10<sup>6</sup> Acm<sup>-2</sup>.