Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Necessity of Providing Sexual and Reproductive Health Services to Adolescents and Young People in Iran: A Narrative Review

Background: Youths and adolescents are considered as valuable assets of any society. The preservation and promotion of health in this population is an issue of significant importance from the social and economic dimensions. Globalization has resulted in the emergence of several health risks for this age set. Sexual curiosity and sexual experiences are some of these dangers, which can cause irreparable damages if neglected. Regarding this, the present narrative review was conducted to identify the guidelines from different parts of the world for the preservation and promotion of sexual and reproductive health among the Iranian adolescents and youths. The integration of these strategies can provide appropriate solutions conforming to the Iranian culture. Methods: This narrative review was conducted on the articles and sources published within 1985-2015. The search was performed using the valid international databases, including Pubmed, Google Scholar, Google, WHO, ProQuest, and the Persian databases, such as Iranmedex and SID. In addition, we performed library research to obtain the papers investigating the issue of interest. The keywords used during the searching process entailed: “Reproduction Health”, “Youth”, “Adolescents”, and “Sexual Health”. In this review, out of 85 evaluated sources, 53 articles, books, thesis, and websites were selected. Results: As the reviewed studies indicated, the lack of knowledge, an unclear horizon of the future, and inaccessibility to reproductive health services threaten the health of the youths and adolescents. Therefore, the provision of sex education by parents, schools, or peers can have a significant impact on the promotion of sexual health in this population. Moreover, screening and identifying the adolescents and youths at risk and educating the necessary skills to this age set can prevent the occurrence of high-risk sexual behaviors. Similar to other countries but with a lower prevalence rate, there are some problems in sexual and reproductive health of the youths and adolescents in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended to teach the sexual health promotion techniques to this population according to their religion and culture.
Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study revealed Research on infrastructure investment and economic development highlights the vital role of robust infrastructure in driving economic growth and improving living standards. Adequate infrastructure enhances productivity, reduces transaction costs, and promotes economic activity. Well-developed transportation, energy, and communication systems boost trade competitiveness, attracting foreign investments and fostering global integration. Access to basic infrastructure services aids poverty reduction and inclusive growth by providing employment opportunities and market access, particularly in rural areas. Although infrastructure investments offer multiplier effects, challenges such as funding constraints and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for sustainable and impactful development. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Infrastructure-led Growth Theory, New Economic Geography and Infrastructure as a Constraint to Growth Theory may be used to anchor future studies on Infrastructure Investment and Economic Development. Evaluate projects on their potential to generate direct and indirect economic benefits. Streamline permitting processes, establish clear property rights, and ensure fair competition to foster a competitive market for infrastructure projects.
Comparison, Analysis, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Structures of a Viral Protein Modeled Using Various Computational Tools

The structural analysis of proteins is a major domain of biomedical research. Such analysis requires resolved three-dimensional structures of proteins. Advancements in computer technology have led to progress in biomedical research. In silico prediction and modeling approaches have facilitated the construction of protein structures, with or without structural templates. In this study, we used three neural network-based de novo modeling approaches—AlphaFold2 (AF2), Robetta-RoseTTAFold (Robetta), and transform-restrained Rosetta (trRosetta)—and two template-based tools—the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) and iterative threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER)—to construct the structure of a viral capsid protein, hepatitis C virus core protein (HCVcp), whose structure have not been fully resolved by laboratory techniques. Templates with sufficient sequence identity for the homology modeling of complete HCVcp are currently unavailable. Therefore, we performed domain-based homology modeling for MOE simulations. The templates for each domain were obtained through sequence-based searches on NCBI and the Protein Data Bank. Then, the modeled domains were assembled to construct the complete structure of HCVcp. The full-length structure and two truncated forms modeled using various computational tools were compared. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to refine the structures. The root mean square deviation of backbone atoms, root mean square fluctuation of Cα atoms, and radius of gyration were calculated to monitor structural changes and convergence in the simulations. The model quality was evaluated through ERRAT and phi–psi plot analysis. In terms of the initial prediction for protein modeling, Robetta and trRosetta outperformed AF2. Regarding template-based tools, MOE outperformed I-TASSER. MD simulations resulted in compactly folded protein structures, which were of good quality and theoretically accurate. Thus, the predicted structures of certain proteins must be refined to obtain reliable structural models. MD simulation is a promising tool for this purpose.
Analysis of the Gibbs Sampler for a Model Related to James-stein Estimators

We analyze a hierarchical Bayes model which is related to the usual empirical Bayes formulation of James-Stein estimators. We consider running a Gibbs sampler on this model. Using previous results about convergence rates of Markov chains, we provide rigorous, numerical, reasonable bounds on the running time of the Gibbs sampler, for a suitable range of prior distributions. We apply these results to baseball data from Efron and Morris (1975). For a different range of prior distributions, we prove that the Gibbs sampler will fail to converge, and use this information to prove that in this case the associated posterior distribution is non-normalizable.
Construction of a genetic map and QTL mapping of seed size traits in soybean

Soybean seed size and seed shape traits are closely related to plant yield and appearance quality. In this study, 186 individual plants of the F2 generation derived from crosses between Changjiang Chun 2 and JiYu 166 were selected as the mapping population to construct a molecular genetic linkage map, and the phenotypic data of hundred-grain weight, seed length, seed width, and seed length-to-width ratio of soybean under three generations of F2 single plants and F2:3 and F2:4 lines were combined to detect the QTL (quantitative trait loci) for the corresponding traits by ICIM mapping. A soybean genetic map containing 455 markers with an average distance of 6.15 cM and a total length of 2799.2 cM was obtained. Forty-nine QTLs related to the hundred-grain weight, seed length, seed width, and seed length-to-width ratio of soybean were obtained under three environmental conditions. A total of 10 QTLs were detected in more than two environments with a phenotypic variation of over 10%. Twelve QTL clusters were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 13, 18, and 19, with the majority of the overlapping intervals for hundred-grain weight and seed width. These results will lay the theoretical and technical foundation for molecularly assisted breeding in soybean seed weight and seed shape. Eighteen candidate genes that may be involved in the regulation of soybean seed size were screened by gene functional annotation and GO enrichment analysis.
Amélioration des modèles de repli par des sacs de mots et des n-grammes à variables

Les modeles classiques de n-grammes manquent de robustesse sur evenements non observes. La litterature suggere des methodes de lissage, la plus utilisee d'entre elles etant le Kneyser-Ney modifie. Nous proposons d'ameliorer ce modele en reordonnant les possibilites de replis par rapport a l'information mutuelle portee par les mots ; ainsi que par l'utilisation de n-grammes a variables. Nos resultats montrent un gain significatif par rapport un modele Kneyser-Ney modifie : 0.6% de gain absolu sans adaptation des modeles acoustiques et 0.4% apres adaptation. ABSTRACT Improving back-off models with bag of words and hollow-grams Classical n-grams models lack robustness on unseen events. The literature suggests several smoothing methods : empirically, the most effective of these is the modified Kneser-Ney approach. We propose to improve this back-off model : our method boils down to back-off value reordering, according to the mutual information of the words, and to a new hollow-gram model. Results show that our back-off model yields significant improvements to the baseline, based on the modified Kneser-Ney back-off. We obtain a 0.6% absolute word error rate improvement without acoustic adaptation, and 0.4% after adaptation. MOTS-CLES : modeles de langage, modeles de replis.
Health-Promoting Properties: Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Sambucus nigra L. Flowers and Fruits

Sambucus nigra L. has been used for centuries in traditional medicine thanks to its valuable healing properties. The healing properties result from its high content of biologically active compounds, mainly antioxidants, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In our review, we have presented scientific studies evaluating the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of extracts and their components from S. nigra L. flowers and fruits. The results of the research show that the effect of antioxidant phytochemicals contained in their composition reduces the level of free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines, prevents mutations that increase the risk of cancer development, and inhibits cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and changes in intracellular signaling, consequently inhibiting the growth of malignant tumors and the formation of metastases. Flowers and fruits of S. nigra L. are a valuable source of nutraceutical and pharmacological substances that can support prevention and anti-inflammatory and oncological therapy without negative side effects for the patient.
Imagining Introductory Rust

Though the Rust community has expressed interest in designing introductory-level computer science courses around Rust, such courses remain hypothetical as of this writing. Thus, this paper has a speculative style, imagining one design for a future introductory-level Rust course. I do so in the context of a discussion on the state of programming languages in introductory courses and a review of students’ educational needs in these courses. My goal is to inform the development of such future courses.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E CRESCIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS QUILOMBOLAS DE DIFERENTES COMUNIDADES DO ESTADO DO PARÁ

The objective of this research is to assess the nutritional status and gro­wth of children living in three Quilombola communities of Para State, Amazonia, Brazil. We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze 48 children between 0-5 years of age, representing over 70% of the po­pulation of this age group in the quilombos of Santo Antonio, Africa/ Laranjituba e Mangueiras. Anthropometric measurements followed in­ternational standard procedures and data were converted to Z-scores using the WHO-Anthro program. Weight/Height (W/H), Height/Age (H/A), Weight/Age (W/A) and Body Mass Index/Age (BMI/A) were descriptors of nutritional status on all track groups. A significant per­centage of children present deviation in their growth and nutritional status in relation to the international references. When evaluating the W/H and BMI/A, a considerable number of children above the Z­-score +1 (29.9%) is observed, highlighting a growing number of cases of overweight and obesity. However, when analyzing H/A, 31.1 % of children are below -2 Z-scores, showing that stunting is still a problem among these Quilombola remnants. The Quilombola children analyzed still have difficulties to achieve health and their full potential for gro­wth, obstacles related to the socio-demographic, sanitary, and ecologic conditions in which they live. Concomitant with the scenario of under­nutrition, there is a considerable prevalence of overweight among these children, confirming the nutritional transition process taking place in the Amazon region. Keywords: Quilombola, children, nutritional assessment, nutritional transition, Amazonia
Using misorientation and weighted Burgers vector statistics to understand the intragranular boundary development and grain boundary formation at high temperatures

Strain weakening during plastic deformation can be achieved via strain energy reduction due to intragranular boundary development and grain boundary formation. To examine intragranular boundary formation at high temperatures (Th[? ]0.9), we analysed electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data of coarse-grained ice deformed at -30°C. Misorientation and weighted Burgers vector (WBV) statistics were calculated along planar intragranular boundaries. Neighbour-pair and random-pair misorientation distributions intersect at misorientation angles of 10–30°, indicating an upper limit to the misorientation threshold angle at which neighbouring grains begin to interact, e.g., rotate relative to each other. Misorientation angles change markedly along each analysed intragranular boundary, linking low(<10°) and high-angle (10–38°) segments, with each segment exhibiting distinct misorientation axes and WBV directions. We suggest that these boundaries might be produced by the growth and intersection of individual boundary segments comprised of dislocations with distinct slip systems. This new kinematic model does not require a change in the boundary geometry after its formation, as required by the other models, to modify the crystallographic geometry of a planar boundary. Misorientation axis distributions are fundamentally different between intragranular boundaries (mostly confined to the ice basal plane) and grain boundaries (largely dispersed). This observation suggests a strong crystallographic control of intragranular boundary development via subgrain rotation. The apparent lack of crystallographic control for grain boundaries, on the other hand, suggests that misorientation axes become randomized upon grain boundary formation, likely due to the operation of other mechanisms/processes that can modify misorientation axes.
Road congestion pricing in Europe : implications for the United States

Contents:Preface1. IntroductionChang-Hee Christine Bae and Harry W. RichardsonPART I: UK APPLICATIONS2. Profit-making Transit in Combination with a Congestion Charge: An Inter-modal Equilibrium ModelMichael G.H. Bell and M. Wichiensin3. Road Pricing in Britain and its Relevance to the United States: Finding from Two Scenarios of National Road Charging in Great Britain and Some Reflections on GovernanceTerence Bendixson4. National Road Pricing in Great Britain: Is it Fair and Practical? Stephen Glaister and Dem Graham5. Cambridge Futures: Forecating the Effects of a Congestion Charging on Land Use and TransportTony Hargreaves and Marcial Echenique6. Road User Charging in the UK: The Policy ProspectsMartin G. Richards7. Design Tools for Road Pricing CordonsA.D. May, S.P. Shepherd, A. Sumalee and A. KohPART II: LONDON8. The London Congestion Charging Scheme, 2005-2006Georgina Santos9. The Big Smoke-Congestion Charging and the EnvironmentDavid Banister10. The Effects of the London Congestion Charging Scheme on Ambient Air QualityKenny Ho and David Maddison11. Transferring London Congestion Charging to US Cities: How Might the Likelihood of Successful Transfer be Increased? Shin LeePART III: INTERNATIONAL EXAMPLES12. Interurban Road Goods Vehicle Pricing in EuropeChris Nash, Batool Menaz and Bryan Matthews13. Worse than a Congestion Charge: Paris Traffic Restraint PolicyRemy Prud'homme and Pierre Kopp14. The European and Asian Experience of Implementing Congestion Charging: Its Applicability to the United StatesTom Rye and Stephen Ison15. The Stockholm Congestion Charging System: A Summary of the EffectsJonas Eliasson, Karin Brundell-Freij and Muriel Beser HugossonPART IV: THE UNITED STATES16. The Seattle Metropolitan Area Congesting Pricing Pilot ExperimentChang-Hee Christine Bae, Matthew Kitchen and Alon Bassok17. The US Context for Highway Congestion PricingBumsoo Lee and Peter Gordon18. Expansion of Toll Lanes or More Free Lanes? A Case Study of SR 91 in Southern CaliforniaHarry W. Richardson, Peter Gordon, Jim Moore and Sungbin Cho19. The Political Calculus of Congestion PricingDavid King, Michael Manville and Donald ShoupIndex
Extension of Shannon's theory of ciphers based on Latin rectangles

Summary The paper extends Shannon's classical theory of ciphers. Here ciphers are modeled by Latin rectangles and their resistance to brute force attack is assessed through the valence of cryptograms. The valence of a cryptogram is defined as the number of all meaningful messages produced by decrypting the cryptogram with all possible keys. In this paper, the mean cryptogram valence of an arbitrary modern cipher with K keys, N outputs and N inputs, of which M inputs are messages, is derived. Furthermore, the lower bound on the valence of the cryptograms of entire ciphers is derived in this paper. The obtained parameters allow to assess the resistance of cryptograms, resp. ciphers against brute force attack. The model is general, illustrative and uses a simpler mathematical apparatus than existing theory. Therefore, it can also be used as an introduction to the theory of resistance of ciphers to brute force attack.
TITLE : Generative Representations for the Automated Design of Modular Physical Robots

2 ABSTRACT The field of evolutionary robotics has demonstrated the ability to automatically design the morphology and controller of simple physical robots through synthetic evolutionary processes. However, it is not clear if variation-based search processes can attain the complexity of design necessary for practical engineering of robots. Here we demonstrate an automatic design system that produces complex robots by exploiting the principles of regularity, modularity, hierarchy and reuse. These techniques are already established principles of scaling in engineering design and have been observed in nature, but have not been broadly used in artificial evolution. We gain these advantages through the use of a generative representation, which combines a programmatic representation with an algorithmic process that compiles the representation into a detailed construction plan. This approach is shown to have two benefits: (a) it can reuse components in regular and hierarchical ways, providing a systematic way to create more complex modules from simpler ones, and (b) the evolved representations can capture intrinsic properties of the design space, so that variations in the representations move through the design space more effectively than equivalent sized changes in a non-generative representation. Using this system we demonstrate for the first time the evolution and construction of modular, three-dimensional, physically locomoting robots, comprising many more components than previous work on body-brain evolution.
Inverting RANSAC : Global Model Detection via Inlier Rate Estimation – Supplementary materials –

A. Proof that dmax(p) Attains a Local Minimum at p = p 1 A.1. Calculating rmin(p) . 1 A.2. The function ψ . 2 A.3. Derivatives of F (p, dmax(p)) . 2 A.4. Ranges where the solution is valid . 3
Obesidade: uma doença inflamatória

Introduction: Inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity has taken a new approach to this epidemic disease and seems to be related to the pathogenesis of their co-morbidities. Objective: To discuss about obesity and to show new insights of its inflammatory character. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was based on the collection of full text review articles in humans, published in English, contained in PubMed, in the last five years, with the keywords "obesity", "adipokines" and "inflammation". Results: A compilation of 180 articles were found and strengthens the proposition of obesity as an inflammatory disease, proven by increased pro-inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue of human obese, like TNF-, IL-6, CRP, MCP-1, leptin and resistin. The scientific literature is also convincing regarding the association of inflammation with the appearance or worsening of obesity comorbidities, especially type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions: Despite the advances, many mechanisms involved in adipose tissue inflammation and its effects need to be clarified. Thus, research in this field should be encouraged for better grounding of the measures of health promotion, prevention and treatment of obesity and its comorbidities.
"Exploring Sustainable Practices in Five-Star Hotels: A Comprehensive Analysis and Implications for Agra's Hospitality Industry"

This research is dedicated to outlining the sustainable practices embraced by hotels, gauging their potency in cultivating a competitive edge, and exploring their ramifications for various hotel stakeholders. Focusing on the context of Agra's five-star hotels, this study undertakes an assessment of their sustainable endeavors. A comprehensive survey encompassing 252 employees from the city's 13 five-star hotels was conducted. Through this survey, we endeavored to discern the sustainable practices undertaken across these establishments in the realms of economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, we aimed to gauge the extent to which these practices have been seamlessly integrated into their operations. Concurrently, we also undertook an exploration of the correlation between employee satisfaction and the implementation of sustainability initiatives.
Cosmic ray calorimetry in star-forming galaxy populations and implications for their contribution to the extra-galactic 𝜸-ray background

Star-forming galaxies (SFGs) have been established as an important source population in the extra-galactic $\gamma$-ray background (EGB). Their intensive star-formation creates an abundance of environments able to accelerate particles, and these build-up a rich sea of cosmic rays (CRs). Above GeV energies, CR protons can undergo hadronic interactions with their environment to produce $\gamma$-rays. SFGs can operate as CR proton"calorimeters", where a large fraction of the CR energy is converted to $\gamma$-rays. However, CRs also deposit energy and momentum to modify the thermal and hydrodynamic conditions of the gas in SFGs, and can become a powerful driver of outflows. Such outflows are ubiquitous among some types of SFGs, and have the potential to severely degrade their CR proton calorimetry. This diminishes their contribution to the EGB. In this work, we adopt a self-consistent treatment of particle transport in outflows from SFGs to assess their calorimetry. We use 1D numerical treatments of galactic outflows driven by CRs and thermal gas pressure, accounting for the dynamical effects and interactions of CRs. We show the impact CR-driven flows have on the relative contribution of SFG populations to the EGB, and investigate the properties of SFGs that contribute most strongly.