Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating plant biomass in agroecosystems using a drop-plate meter

Reason for doing the work Plant biomass is a commonly used metric to assess agricultural health and productivity. Removing plant material is the most accurate method to estimate plant biomass, but this approach is time consuming, labor intensive, and destructive. Previous attempts to use indirect methods to estimate plant biomass have been limited in breadth and/or have added complexity in data collection and/or modeling. A cost-effective, quick, accurate, and easy to use and understand approach is desirable for use by scientists and growers. Objectives An indirect method for estimating plant biomass using a drop-plate meter was explored for use in broad array of crop systems. Methods Drop-plate data collected by more than 20 individuals from 16 crop types on 312 farms across 15 states were used to generate models to estimate plant biomass among and within crop types. Results A linear model using data from all crop types explained approximately 67% of the variation in plant biomass overall. This model performed differently among crop types and stand heights, which was owed to differences among sample sizes and farming between annual and perennial systems. Comparatively, the model using the combined dataset explained more variance in biomass than models generated with commodity specific data, with the exception of wheat. Conclusions The drop-plate approach described here was inexpensive, quick, simple, and easy to interpret, and the model generated was robust to error and accurate across multiple crop types. The methods met all expectations for a broad-use approach to estimating plant biomass and are recommended for use across all agroecosystems included in this study. While it may be useful in crops beyond those included, validation is suggested before application.
Propeller tip-vortex cavitation and its broadband noise

Comfort on board has become an important aspect in the design of ships over the last decades, especially comfort for passengers on cruise vessels and for owners of yachts. Therefore, cavitation on propellers for these ships should be minimized, leaving often only a tip-vortex cavity. However, tip-vortex cavitation is known to be a cause of broadband pressure fluctuations on the hull above the propeller, typically in a frequency range from 30 to 100 Hz, which has led to vibration problems for some ships. Broadband noise of cavitation is also of relevance for the underwater radiated noise emitted by the ship, not only from the perspective of the acoustic signature of military ships, but also because of the impact of noise on fish and marine mammals. The objective of the present PhD thesis was to develop prediction methods for broadband noise, including hull-pressure fluctuations, by developed propeller tip-vortex cavitation. Fundamental aspects of a cavitating vortex were investigated for this purpose, aiming at understanding the mechanisms involved in the generation of broadband noise and the effect of viscosity. This has been achieved by theoretical and computational studies of the kinematics, dynamics, and acoustics of vortex cavitation and by the analysis of experimental data. An analytical as well as a semi-empirical formulation for the azimuthal velocity distribution of a cavitating vortex has been developed. The semi-empirical formulation describes available experimental data well. A dispersion relation has been derived that describes disturbances on the cavity interface of a columnar vortex cavity of infinite length. The relation is derived for potential flow but contains an ad-hoc correction for viscous effects. The wavenumber-frequency diagram of this relation shows acceptable agreement with available experimental data. The knowledge and formulations obtained were used for the development of a semi-empirical prediction method for the broadband noise by tip vortex cavitation of a propeller operating in a ship wake field. The formulations were also used to develop a novel methodology for model tests to correct for the Reynolds-number scale effect on the radius of the vortex-cavity and its broadband noise.
A new family of mixed finite element spaces on a class of distorted hexahedra

In this paper, we introduce a new family of mixed finite element spaces for elliptic problem on a domain partitioned by a class of distorted hexahedra. We show an optimal order of approximation for the velocity variable for all k ≥ 0. For the pressure variable, we suggest a local post-processing technique to obtain an optimal order. AMS Subject Classification: 65N30, 65N12
Réduction de modèle a priori par séparation de variables espace-temps pour le problème d'élastodynamique transitoire

Les methodes de representation a variables separees permettent de reduire de facon drastique les couts numeriques associes a la resolution d'une grande variete de problemes. Cependant, l'efficacite des decompositions espace-temps pour les problemes d'evolution de type hyperbolique reste a demontrer. Dans cette expose, nous evaluons la capacite de la decomposition generalisee propre (PGD) a construire des representations par variables separees espace-temps du probleme d'elastodynamique transitoire a deux dimensions d'espace. Ce probleme etant non-symmetrique, la decomposition est classiquement construite par minimisation du residu espace-temps dans la metrique euclidienne. Cependant, lorsque le probleme est mal conditionne, cette decomposition n'est pas optimale. Aussi, une nouvelle definition de la PGD par minimisation du residu dans une metrique "ideale" a ete recemment introduite et permet de calculer la decomposition optimale a-priori. Nous appliquons cette nouvelle definition au probleme d'elastodynamique formule sur le domaine espace-temps en deplacement-vitesse. Nous comparons alors deux types de decomposition, a savoir espace-2D × temps et espace-1D × espace-1D × temps.
Epistatic Relationship between MGV1 and TRI6 in the Regulation of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Fusarium graminearum

Genetic studies have shown that the MAP kinase MGV1 and the transcriptional regulator TRI6 regulate many of the same biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in Fusarium graminearum. This study sought to investigate the relationship between MGV1 and TRI6 in the regulatory hierarchy. Transgenic F. graminearum strains constitutively expressing MGV1 and TRI6 were generated to address both independent and epistatic regulation of BGCs by MGV1 and TRI6. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between axenic cultures grown in nutrient-rich and secondary metabolite-inducing conditions. The results indicated that BGCs regulated independently by Mgv1 included genes of BGC52, whereas genes uniquely regulated by TRI6 included the gene cluster (BGC49) that produces gramillin. To understand the epistatic relationship between MGV1 and TRI6, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to insert a constitutive promoter to drive TRI6 expression in the Δmgv1 strain. The results indicate that BGCs that produce deoxynivalenol and fusaoctaxin are co-regulated, with TRI6 being partially regulated by MGV1. Overall, the findings from this study indicate that MGV1 provides an articulation point to differentially regulate various BGCs. Moreover, TRI6, embedded in one of the BGCs provides specificity to regulate the expression of the genes in the BGC.
A Social Network Approach to the Dual Aspect of Moral Competence

This work presents evidence supporting the relationship between the dual aspect of moral competence (emotion and cognition) and social networks in school settings. We conducted empirical research with 160 students from various disciplines of the social sciences and different cohorts in two Brazilian public universities. Firstly, the participants responded to Georg Lind’s Moral Competence Test (MCT-xt). Following this, a sociometric generator regarding relationships of friendship and collaboration in social networks was applied, and several Exponential Random Graphs Models (ERGMs), with the MCT-xt score as an exogenous effect and predictor of these relationships, were utilized. We also used a Crisp-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis in order to determine if the cohorts, where the average MCT-xt was associated with the interactional structure, obeyed the same causal configuration. There exist two conditional configurations: (1) a sufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a proactive search of collaboration; (2) an insufficient score of MCT-xt in a social network with homogeneous status encourages a collaborative exchange based on the popularity of some individuals. This work reveals how to interpret, at the grouping level, the results of MCT-xt.
INFLUENCE OF THE HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVES ON THE PLANET PERIHELION PRECESSION IN THE EINSTEIN FIELD EQUATIONS FOR VACUUM CONDITION

This paper studies the effect of higher order derivative tensor in the Einstein field equations for vacuum condition on the planet perihelion precession. This tensor was initially proposed as the space-time curvature tensor by Deser and Tekin on discussions about the energy effects caused by this tensor. However, they include this tensor to Einstein field equations as a new model in general relativity theory. This is very interesting since there are some questions in cosmology and astrophysics that have no answers. Thus, they hoped this model could solve those problems by finding analytical or perturbative solution and interpreting it. In this case, the perturbative solution was used to find the Schwarzschild solution and it was also applied to consider the planetary motion in the solar gravitational field. Furthermore, it was proven that the tensor is divergence-free in order to keep the Einstein field equations remain valid.
Robust Low-Rank Matrix Recovery as Mixed Integer Programming via $\ell _{0}$-Norm Optimization

This letter focuses on the robust low-rank matrix recovery (RLRMR) in the presence of gross sparse outliers. Instead of using <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm to reduce or suppress the influence of anomalies, we aim to eliminate their impact. To this end, we model the RLRMR as a mixed integer programming (MIP) problem based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm. Then, a block coordinate descent (BCD) algorithm is developed to iteratively solve the resultant MIP. At each iteration, the proposed approach first utilizes the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\ell _{0}$</tex-math></inline-formula>-norm optimization theory to assign binary weights to all entries of the residual between the known and estimated matrices. With these binary weights, the optimization over the bilinear term is reduced to a weighted extension of the Frobenius norm. As a result, the optimization problem is decomposed into a group of row-wise and column-wise subproblems with closed-form solutions. Additionally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is studied. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to five state-of-the-art RLRMR algorithms.
Decomposition of Matrix Groups and Algebras

We consider some basic problems of computational group theory and more generally, the computational theory of finite dimensional algebras. We address the computational versions of Wedderburn's structure theorems for finite dimensional algebras, and the basic structures of representation theory: invariant subspaces, decomposition to irreducible subspaces, deciding equivalence of representations. We consider these problems over various fields: finite fields, algebraic number fields, and the field of complex numbers. Our objective is to find deterministic or randomized polynomial time algorithms for these problems in appropriate models of computation. The models of computation include exact symbolic arithmetic over finite fields and algebraic number fields; exact arithmetic over complex numbers; and approximate computation over the complex numbers. Symbolic computation is the preferred choice. However, unsolved problems as well as theoretical barriers force us to abandon this model for some of our problems. We determine the structural elements of an algebra, described by Wedderburn's theorems, in symbolic arithmetic. This problem includes the problem of factoring polynomials; therefore if the field of definition is finite, our algorithm is Las Vegas (randomized with no error). We use exact arithmetic over the complex numbers in one of our main results, splitting the module of a semisimple algebra into minimal submodules using averaging via generalized Casimir operators. Subsequently, we show how to find a good approximate decomposition in approximate arithmetic via stable computation. We accomplish this with the help of a "self-improvement" routine which turns a reasonably good split into a considerably more accurate one. Representations of a finite group are specified by a list of matrices corresponding to a set of generators. In this context, we analyze a classical approximate splitting algorithm by J. Dixon using rapid mixing estimates for random walks. We find that both the stability and the complexity of Dixon's method critically depend on the diameter which may be exponentially large compared to the size of input. We propose a worst case speedup by using Erdos-Renyi generators and modifying Dixon's averaging method.
Optical crosstalk in SPAD arrays for high-throughput single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy (SMFS), based on the detection of individual molecules freely diffusing through the excitation spot of a confocal microscope, has allowed unprecedented insights into biological processes at the molecular level, but suffers from limited throughput. We have recently introduced a multispot version of SMFS, which allows achieving high-throughput SMFS by virtue of parallelization, and relies on custom silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detector arrays. Here, we examine the premise of this parallelization approach, which is that data acquired from different spots is uncorrelated. In particular, we measure the optical crosstalk characteristics of the two 48-SPAD arrays used in our recent SMFS studies, and demonstrate that it is negligible (crosstalk probability ≤ 1.1 10−3) and is undetectable in cross-correlation analysis of actual single-molecule fluorescence data.
Driver State Monitoring Technology for Conditionally Automated Vehicles: Review and Future Prospects

Conditionally automated vehicles can be operated on most regular roads without driver’s supervision. They show excellent potential for market adoption and are now being targeted by numerous auto manufacturers for mass production. The system of such a vehicle enables it to autonomously perform dynamic driving tasks (DDTs) within the operational design domain, but, once this system fails or malfunctions, the vehicle will be unable to reliably complete a DDT. In such cases, the system will send a takeover request, following which the driver needs to immediately take control of the vehicle. The driver’s physical and mental states, as well as the nondriving-related tasks that they are engaged in, affect the time required for them to perform the takeover and the quality of the takeover. To manage driving risks and guarantee the safety of drivers during automated driving, an automated driving system should be able to monitor a driver’s state and behavior, assess their level of alertness, and perform the appropriate actions as required. In recent years, techniques for monitoring a driver’s state have been widely researched, and several practical methods have been proposed. In this review, we review representative methods, aiming to introduce the concept of driver state monitoring to a broader audience. First, we identified a few typical driver states that are important in driver state monitoring from the perspective of application demands for driver state monitoring in conditionally automated driving. Then, we categorized and reviewed existing studies on driver state monitoring according to the types of sensing data employed by previously proposed methods. In addition, we collected datasets corresponding to different data types for driver state monitoring. Finally, by analyzing existing issues in driver state monitoring in relation to conditionally automated driving, we provided several suggestions for future research directions in this area and discussed potential challenges and possible solutions.
Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast

A series of 61 cases of papillary carcinoma of the breast are considered. They represent the 0.97 percent of 6300 cases of breast cancer observed at the National Cancer Institute of Milan from 1928 to 1964. The histological sections of all cases were reexamined and classified either as pure papillary carcinoma (31 cases) or as papillary carcinoma associated with other forms of carcinoma (30 cases). All cases, but one, underwent radical mastectomy; the 5-year survival was 63 percent, the 10-year survival 52 percent. Considering the two histological forms separately, the 5-year survival for the pure papillary carcinomas was 76 percent, while the mixed type had a 47 percent 5-year survival; this latter rate does not differ from that observed for breast carcinoma of no special type. It appears that breast carcinoma of pure papillary type has a considerably better prognosis than other types of breast carcinoma.
A novel health metric based on biomarkers

We propose a biomarker-based, objective and continuously distributed health measure which is novel to the economics literature. Using 41 commonly available biomarkers in two leading biomarker databases, we consider the individuals as points in a 41-dimensional biomarker space and measure their objective health as the Mahalanobis distance to the centroid of a reference group. In this way the centroid of the reference group represents an "ideal state" of health, and a bigger distance from this centroid indicates worse health. We validate versions of our health measure using di¤erent number of biomarkers and through the link with a commonly used measure of general health (self-reported health); we nd that our health measure is positively but not perfectly linked to self-reported health. Additionally, we nd that the signal of health increases with the number of biomarkers included; nonetheless, it is clearly feasible to have a signal with fewer biomarkers though the signal could be weaker. Finally we illustrate our health measure in two applications: 1) the estimation of health distribution where we nd a long tail representing individuals in very bad health; 2) the concentration index where we can truly satisfy the requirement for continuously de ned general health.
Broad-band spectrum of dMe star radio emission.

L'etoile dMe, UV Ceti a ete observee au VLA dans les bandes de frequence de 90 cm, 20 cm, 6 cm, 3,6 cm, 2 cm, 1,3 cm, a deux dates a une semaine d'intervalle. On observe sur le spectre radio, dans la bande de 3,6 cm, un minimum ou une coupure, ce qui est inhabituel aux emissions a basse frequence du rayonnement synchrotron. On essaie d'interpreter ce resultat
About Moreau-Yosida regularization of the minimal time crisis problem

We study an optimal control problem where the cost functional to be minimized represents the so- called time of crisis, i.e. the time spent by a trajectory solution of a control system outside a given set K. This functional can be expressed using the characteristic function of K that is discontinuous preventing the use of the standard Maximum Principle. We consider a regularization scheme of the problem based on the Moreau-Yosida approximation of the indicator function of K. We prove the convergence of an optimal sequence for the approximated problem to an optimal solution of the original problem. We then investigate the convergence of the adjoint vector given by Pontryagin's Principle when the regularization parameter goes to zero. Finally, we provide an example illustrating the convergence property and we compute explicitly an optimal feedback policy and the value function.
Infinite horizon cancer treatment model with isoperimetrical constraint: existence of optimal solutions and numerical analysis

ABSTRACT In this paper, a class of infinite horizon optimal control problems with a mixed control-state isoperimetrical constraint, also interpreted as a budget constraint, is considered. The underlying dynamics is assumed to be affine-linear in control. The crucial idea which is followed in this paper is the choice of a weighted Sobolev space as the state space. For this class of problems, we establish an existence result and apply it to a bilinear model of optimal cancer treatment with an isoperimetrical constraint including the overall amount of drugs used during the whole therapy horizon. A numerical analysis of this model is provided by means of open source software package OCMat, which implements a continuation method for solving discounted infinite horizon optimal control problems.
Effectiveness of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: An experimental study

BACKGROUND: This study “Effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome: an experimental study” was conducted to study and find the effectiveness of Mckenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on reduction of pain, correction of rounded shoulder, and disability. Pain, disability, and rounded shoulders are the major limiting factors as it affects the quality of life and reduces efficiency and social participation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted among 120 individuals with cervical postural syndrome, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was included. The outcome measures were Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Vernier caliper to evaluate pain, functional disability, and rounded shoulder, respectively. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and Group B, by using SPSS software. Interventional training was given for 6 weeks to the patients. Group A subjects were given spinal stabilization exercises. Group B subjects were given Mckenzie approach. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS; pre-test and post-test were used to calculate the results, followed by data presentation and analysis. RESULT: The result showed that at the end of the 6 weeks on comparison between pre- and post-intervention of Group A and Group B, both the techniques were effective, but group B was significantly effective than Group A. CONCLUSION: It was noted that McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises were effective on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome, but on comparing both techniques, Mckenzie protocol is more beneficial than segmental spinal stabilization exercises. The study accepts the alternate hypothesis that there is significant effect of McKenzie approach and segmental spinal stabilization exercises on neck pain in individuals with cervical postural syndrome.
The estimates of diagonally dominant degree and eigenvalues inclusion regions for the Schur complement of block diagonally dominant matrices

Abstract The theory of Schur complement plays an important role in many fields, such as matrix theory and control theory. In this paper, applying the properties of Schur complement, some new estimates of diagonally dominant degree on the Schur complement of I(II)-block strictly diagonally dominant matrices and I(II)-block strictly doubly diagonally dominant matrices are obtained, which improve some relative results in Liu [Linear Algebra Appl. 435(2011) 3085-3100]. As an application, we present several new eigenvalue inclusion regions for the Schur complement of matrices. Finally, we give a numerical example to illustrate the advantages of our derived results.