Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Activity and Co-Activation of Gait Cycle during Walking in Water and on Land in People with Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the muscle activity and co-activation index (CoA) of the rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), gastrocnemius medialis (GM,) and tibialis anterior (TA) during walking on land and in water in healthy adolescents compared with those with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy (CP) adolescents. Methods: Four healthy individuals (median; age: 14 years, height: 1.57 cm, BMI: 16.58 kg/m2) and nine CP individuals (median; age: 15 years, height: 1.42 cm, BMI: 17.82 kg/m2) participated in this study and performed three walking trials under both conditions. An electromyography (EMG) collection was recorded with a wireless system Cometa miniwave infinity waterproof device, and the signals were collected using customized software named EMG and Motion Tools, Inc. software version 7 (Cometa slr, Milan, Italy) and was synchronized with an underwater VDO camera. Results: A significant decrease in the muscle activity of all muscles and CoA of RF/BF muscles, but an increase in TA/GM was observed within the CP group while walking in water during the stance phase. Between groups, there was a lower CoA of RF/BF and a greater CoA of TA/GM during the stance phase while walking in water and on land in the CP group. A non-significant difference was observed within the healthy group. Conclusion: Walking in water can decrease muscle activity in lower limbs and co-activation of thigh muscles in people with spastic CP, whereas CoA muscles around ankle joints increased to stabilize foot weight acceptance.
Temps d'occupation de (0, ϵ) pour les marches aléatoires

Let be a real-valued random walk and the time spent by S in (0, ϵ) before time n. The asymptotic behaviour of An has been determined by Spitzer [16] who pointed out the role of the condition The purpose of this paper is to analyse the asymptotic sample path behaviour of An whenever (S) holds. Typically, we show that given a nondecreasing function such that , then almost surely lim inf according as the integral diverges or converges, where . In the special case when the step distribution X has zero mean and finite variance, (S) holds with , and our main result extends a theorem of Chung and Erdős [5] for the simple symmetric random walk. The key ingredient of the proof is an estimate for the tail distribution of An in terms of Φ which follows from classical results of fluctuation theory. Similar arguments apply in continuous time to Levy processes.
MICROSCOPIC NUCLEON–NUCLEUS OPTICAL POTENTIAL WITH REARRANGEMENT EFFECTS BASED ON THE EFFECTIVE SKYRME FORCES

The nucleon scattering on even–even nuclei in the medium-energy region has been analyzed on the basis of microscopic optical potential (OP) obtained from nuclear-matter calculations with using effective density-dependent nucleon–nucleon interaction of Skyrme type with taking account of the rearrangement potential. Calculations have been performed for volume integrals and rms radii of nucleon–nucleus OP, for energy dependencies of total and total reaction cross sections of neutron– and proton–nucleus scattering and for differential cross sections of the elastic neutron scattering at several energies on various target nuclei. Comparison of the calculation results for the mentioned quantities with corresponding experimental data has been carried out, which has shown a principal possibility of their reasonable description in the framework of the model under consideration.
Exotic Domain States in Ferroelectrics: Searching for Vortices and Skyrmions

Very recent experimental and theoretical work has sought to find out whether or not complex arrangements of dipoles (such as flux-closure, vortex or skyrmion patterns) exist in ferroelectrics. While there is undoubtedly still considerable work to be done, enough insight has now been gained to warrant a brief discussion of progress to date. This review article attempts to undertake such a discussion.
The Complex Dynamics of Microplastic Migration through Different Aquatic Environments: Subsidies for a Better Understanding of Its Environmental Dispersion

Microplastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems has drawn attention not only because microplastics are likely to accumulate anywhere but also because they cause negative impacts both to aquatic biota and, indirectly, to public health, as a result of their presence. The understanding of the distribution and accumulation patterns of this “new contaminant” is fundamental for the calibration of environmental risk studies. However, research on its migration pattern and consequent distribution is still limited. The present study has focused on the peculiar physical characteristics of plastic microparticles and the response to environmental factors such as hydrodynamics and physical chemistry of water on the diffusion dynamics of these pollutant agents. Therefore, we examined information about the vertical abundance distribution, the composition, and the sizes of microplastics, along with the varied aquatic environments existing on Earth. This study provides valuable evidence for the accumulation trend of microplastics across the environment and the peculiar particle characteristics that dictate their distribution patterns. The present study concluded that detailed studies should be carried out in order to add information about the behavior of plastic microparticles in aquatic environments and thus subsidize the calibration of existing information, thus increasing its accuracy in understanding the diffusion patterns of these polluting agents.
PERAN GURU SEBAGAI ROLE MODEL MENURUT KONSEP ALBERT BANDURA DALAM MENERAPKAN KURIKULUM 2013

This research is entitled "the role of the teacher as a role model according to the Albert Bandura concept in implementing the 2013 curriculum" while the problem in this study is how the role of the teacher as a role model according to the Albert Bandura concept in implementing the 2013 curriculum and the Albert Bandura concept of the teacher as a role model in implementing curriculum 2013. in this study the author uses the method of Library Research and Fild research and in accordance with the topic of this discussion, the Al-Quran and a number of books related to the role of teachers as role models according to Albert Bandura in implementing The 2013 curriculum, scientific writings and other literature related to the role of teachers as role models according to Albert Bandura in implementing the 2013 curriculum. The importance of the role of teachers as role models for students is related to character personalities to help build the character of students. Character education can be implemented through existing programs in schools, such as integrating character education in learning and implementing character education through extracurricular activities. In this case, the role of the teacher is not only to educate students according to the demands of the curriculum, but also to personally provide an example to students by becoming a role model of individual characters. Teachers who become role models will be able to show attitudes and behaviors that are in accordance with the values ​​and norms in everyday life so that students can see and imitate them. The role of teachers as individual character role models will support character education programs and help students to have good character personalities.
A 672-nW, 670-nVrms ECG Acquisition AFE With Noise-Tolerant Heartbeat Detector

This paper presents an electrocardiogram acquisition analog front-end (AFE) with a noise tolerant heartbeat (HB) detector. Source degradation and transconductance bootstrap techniques are incorporated into the AFE to reduce the 1/f noise of the amplifier. Furthermore, the chopper modulation, DC-servo loop (DSL) and pre-charge technology are combined to reduce interference from the environment. A mixed-signal implementation of HB detector with the symmetric-comparison loop is proposed to reduce the power consumption and area, which also suppresses motion artifact interference by adaptive thresholds. Implemented in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18 ~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process, the circuit only occupies an area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.122 mm^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and consumes <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.62 ~\mu \text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at a 1.2-V supply, of which AFE and HB detector consume 507 nW and 110 nW, respectively. Simulation results show that the gain and the CMRR of AFE range from 30–45 dB and 65–105 dB, respectively. The input-referred noise is 670 nVrms with a mid-band gain of 42 dB and a bandwidth ranging from 0.5 Hz to 1 kHz.
Applications of nonlinear estimation techniques

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis on using two non‐conventional nonlinear estimating filters compared to the traditional linearized extended Kalman filter (EKF). This analysis will look at two state‐of‐the‐art applications and will provide insight to the problems associated with these applications.Design/methodology/approach – The approach taken was to simulate both applications with three different filter designs: EKF, unscented Kalman filter, and particle filter. After results and explanations are given for both applications, then there is a comparison of results between the two applications to compare and contrast their findings.Findings – This research shows how critical it is when selecting a filter for different applications. Not only is tuning the filter properly a necessity, but choosing a filter that is optimum for the application also greatly affects the accuracy and precision of the results.Research limitations/implications – As these filter methods are proven feasib.
Excitation of electrostatic fluctuations by jets in a flaring plasma

Context. During magnetic reconnection as the proposed basic process of solar flares, hot high speed plasma streams (jets) are ejected from the reconnection site. Jets are sometimes associated with type III radio bursts as signatures of electron beams in the solar corona. Aims. The interaction of such a jet with the surrounding coronal plasma is investigated concerning the generation of electrostatic fluctuations. Methods. The conditions of excitations of such waves are studied in detail under coronal conditions by solving the linearized Vlasov-Maxwell equations. Results. The interaction of a jet with the background plasma leads to an instability for a small range of jet speeds exciting electrostatic waves in the sense of the ion-acoustic mode. Electrons can be energized by their interaction with these electrostatic fluctuations. Such energetic electrons can be the source of type III radio bursts and/or non-thermal X-ray radiation as observed during solar flares.
Pitching, bobbing, and performance metrics for undulating finite-length swimming filaments

We explore a simple (toy) model of undulating finite-length filaments swimming in viscous fluids, based on resistive force theory. The filaments are actuated by traveling waves, and we consider four different strategies: two smooth waveforms (cartesian and curvature sine waves) and two others with kinks (sawtooth and square waves). Analytical results in the limit of short filaments and/or small actuation parameters are provided. A new efficiency metric is proposed which takes into account that work expenditure is minimal when power consumption is maintained constant. This metric is particularly well-suited for short undulating filaments where power fluctuations for constant actuation rates can be substantial. Parametric studies are performed for a range of filament lengths and actuation parameters for the purpose of side-by-side comparisons. We give analytical expressions for swimming of arbitrary length filaments where the actuation is small. We describe “swimming resonances,” which are local maxima in p.
Weighted Three Point Identities and their Bounds

The weighted three point rule is investigated in the current article. It involves f (n) (t) being of bounded variation for t ∈ (a,b). The rule consists of evaluations at the ends of the interval and at an interior point x. Weighted Ostrowski and Trapezoidal rules and their related bounds are recaptured as particular instances of the current development. The unweighted results of Ostrowski, Trapezoidal and three point rules are also procured if we take the weight to be unity.
STRICTLY DECREASING M-PROPORTIONAL LORENTZ SEQUENCES

In their study of isometries of Lorentz sequence spaces Beckenstein and Narici (Indian J. Math. 2008, suppl., 21{60) introduced the notion of m-proportional sequences. The purpose of this paper is to prove the existence of strictly decreasing m-proportional Lorentz sequences.
Investigation of Positive and Negative Bias Temperature Instability of High-κ Dielectric Metal Gate Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor-Field-Effect-Transistors by Random Telegraph Signal

We investigate the impact of positive and negative bias temperature instability (P/NBTI) on the current degradation by using the drain current random telegraph signal (IdRTS) in high-κ gate dielectric and metal-gate MOSFETs. The samples were stressed at typical BTI oxide electric field (∼7 MV/cm) and IdRTS amplitude (ΔIdRTS) distributions were measured before and after P/NBTI stress. It is shown that IdRTS degradation (ΔIdRTS/IdRTS) in NBTI devices exhibits a wider amplitude distribution than the PBTI one. In addition, we trace trapped charge-induced saturation current IDsat degradation in P/NBTI stress. As a result, the statistical analysis indicates that ΔIDsat/IDsat of the p-MOSFET is larger than ΔIDsat/IDsat of the n-MOSFET. Moreover, the lifetime of the device is numerically estimated based on current degradation with or without RTS. We consequently found that P/NBTI lifetime comes worse by considering the effect of RTS.
Perspectives in flow control and optimization

From the Publisher: Flow control and optimization has been an important part of experimental flow science throughout the last century. As research in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) matured, CFD codes were routinely used for the simulation of fluid flows. Subsequently, mathematicians and engineers began examining the use of CFD algorithms and codes for optimization and control problems for fluid flows. The marriage of mature CFD methodologies with state-of-the-art optimization methods has become the center of activity in computational flow control and optimization. Perspectives in Flow Control and Optimization presents flow control and optimization as a subdiscipline of computational mathematics and computational engineering. It introduces the development and analysis of several approaches for solving flow control and optimization problems through the use of modern CFD and optimization methods. The author discusses many of the issues that arise in the practical implementation of algorithms for flow control and optimization, such as choices to be made and difficulties to overcome. He provides the reader with a clear idea of what types of flow control and optimization problems can be solved, how to develop effective algorithms for solving such problems, and potential problems to be aware of when implementing the algorithms. This book is written for both those new to the field of control and optimization as well as experienced practitioners, including engineers, applied mathematicians, and scientists interested in computational methods for flow control and optimization. Both those interested in developing new algorithms and those interested in the application of existing algorithms should find useful information in this book. Readers with a solid background in calculus and only slight familiarity with partial differential equations should find the book easy to understand. Knowledge of fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics, calculus of variations, control theory or optimization is beneficial, but is not essential, to comprehend the bulk of the presentation. Only Chapter 6 requires a substantially higher level of mathematical knowledge, most notably in the areas of functional analysis, numerical analysis, and partial differential equations. Fortunately, this chapter is completely independent of the others so that, even if this chapter is not well understood, the majority of the book should still prove useful and informative. About the Author Max D. Gunzburger is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Mathematics at Iowa State University and also Francis Eppes Professor in the School for Computational Science and Information Technology and the Department of Mathematics at Florida State University. An active member of both AMS and SIAM, he is Editor-in-Chief of the SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis and Associate Editor of the SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization. He also serves on the editorial boards of the SIAM Advances in Design and Control book series and the International Journal for Computational Fluid Dynamics.
Incorporating grouping information in bayesian variable selection with applications in genomics

In many applications it is of interest to determine a limited number of important explanatory factors (representing groups of potentially overlapping predictors) rather than original predictor variables. The often imposed require-ment that the clustered predictors should enter the model simultaneously may be limiting as not all the variables within a group need to be associated with the out-come. Within-group sparsity is often desirable as well. Here we propose a Bayesian variable selection method, which uses the grouping information as a means of in-troducing more equal competition to enter the model within the groups rather than as a source of strict regularization constraints. This is achieved within the context of Bayesian LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) by allowing each regression coefficient to be penalized differentially and by considering an additional regression layer to relate individual penalty parameters to a group identification matrix. The proposed hierarchical model therefore enables inference simultaneously on two levels: (1) the regression layer for the continuous outcome in relation to the predictors and (2) the regression layer for the penalty param-eters in relation to the grouping information. Both situations with overlapping and non-overlapping groups are applicable. The method does not assume within-group homogeneity across the regression coefficients, which is implicit in many structured penalized likelihood approaches. The smoothness here is enforced at the penalty level rather than within the regression coefficients. To enhance the potential of the proposed method we develop two rapid computational procedures based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, which offer substantial time savings in applications where the high-dimensionality renders Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches less practical. We demonstrate the usefulness of our method in predicting time to death in glioblastoma patients using pathways of genes.
Mass Transfer and Particle Separation by Swirl-Chamber and Swirl-Tube Devices

The goal of this investigation is to formulate, implement, and definitively validate a numerical simulation model to predict particle separation and concomitant mass transfer by means of a swirl chamber or swirl tube. The separation model encompassed three-dimensional turbulent fluid flow abetted with a particle transport model. All components of the model were used in their native form, without tuning or adaptation to accommodate the problem in question. Experiments were performed which were a precise replica of the numerical simulations in order to provide an unequivocal basis for evaluating the efficacy and validity of the simulation model. The experiments involved air flow as the carrier fluid. The particle-laden flow was ducted through a straight pipe to a three-bladed swirl generator from which the emergent swirling flow entered a settling chamber where the centrifugal forces propelled the particles toward the chamber walls. At the downstream end of the chamber, provision was made for the wall-adjacent particles to be collected. The non-collected particles exited through a central aperture. The investigation was performed for air velocities between 5 and 36 m/s. The key results that were extracted from both the numerical simulations and the experiments are the collection efficiency and the pressure drop. Comparison of the experimental and simulation results revealed very good agreement. This outcome lends unequivocal support to the numerical simulation model as a predictive tool for particle separations in swirl-chamber or swirl-tube devices.
Leveraging Load-Aware Dynamic Pricing for Cell-Level Demand-Supply Equilibrium

Demand-supply equilibrium is a preferable state for a cell, since resources are fully utilized and users' quality-of-experience is guaranteed. In principle, a price will be determined for utilizing a base station (BS) based on its load, and users will react to the prices of available BSs. In this paper, a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based dynamic pricing method is proposed for the fully-decoupled RAN (FD-RAN). The proposed method exploits the separate control channel provided by the control BS, and can reach overall equilibrium for data BSs, with multi-link cooperative transmission inherently supported. We elaborately design the state, action and reward of DRL, and utilize several techniques. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the stability, performance, and generalization of our proposed method.
White electroluminescence from hydrogenated amorphous-SiNx thin films

White electroluminescence (EL) was observed from hydrogenated amorphous-SiNx-based light-emitting device. Silicon nitride thin films were deposited on the indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method with a mixture of Ar-diluted 5% SiH4 and pure N2 gases, in the ratio 2 to 1. Measured x value of the film is 0.56, and the corresponding photoluminescence of a-SiN0.56:H thin film exhibited a red-infrared spectrum, centered at 630 nm. The layer structure of the EL device is ITO/a-SiN0.56:H (80 nm)/Al, with light emitting from the ITO layer, recognizable by the naked eye in the dark, under the 14 V forward bias conditions. White EL spectra from ∼400 to 750 nm, with a central peak at 560 nm, were observed in the hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride EL device. A carrier transport mechanism was suggested, and the EL was attributed to the recombination of carriers through the luminescent states.
On the Applicability of Truncated Component Analysis Based on Correlation Coefficients for Nominal Scales

The possibility of using component analysis for nominal data is discussed. Particularly, two nomi nal scale correlation coefficients are applicable, namely, Tschuprow's coefficient and the J index. The reason is that they are E-correlation coeffi cients; that is, they satisfy the requirements of a scalar product between normalized vectors in a Eu clidean space. Some characteristics of these coeffi cients are described. The contingency coefficient and Cramér's V are shown not to be applicable in a component analysis. An example of a truncated component analysis on artifical nominal data is in cluded with both the J index and Tschuprow's coef ficient.
Visible light communication at 20 Mb/s using illumination LEDs

The study of an optical wireless communication link using illumination light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been performed. The eye patterns and bit error ratio of LED transmitter are measured and compared according to the modulation frequency and the distance between optical source and receiver. From the experimental demonstration, it is shown that the optical wireless communication link using illumination LEDs can perform 20 Mb/s data transmission.