Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the estimation of detection probability and magnitude of completeness in strongly heterogeneous media, an application to acoustic emission (AE)

SUMMARY Reliable estimations of magnitude of completeness (Mc) are essential for a correct interpretation of seismic catalogues. The spatial distribution of Mc may be strongly variable and difficult to assess in mining environments, owing to the presence of galleries, cavities, fractured regions, porous media and different mineralogical bodies, as well as in consequence of inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the seismicity. We apply a 3-D modification of the probabilistic magnitude of completeness (PMC) method, which relies on the analysis of network detection capabilities. In our approach, the probability to detect an event depends on its magnitude, source‐receiver Euclidian distance and source‐receiver direction. The suggested method is proposed for study of the spatial distribution of the magnitude of completeness in a mining environment and here is applied to a 2-months acoustic emission (AE) data set recorded at the Morsleben salt mine, Germany. The dense seismic network and the large data set, which includes more than one million events, enable a detailed testing of the method. This method is proposed specifically for strongly heterogeneous media. Besides, it can also be used for specific network installations, with sensors with a sensitivity, dependent on the direction of the incoming wave (e.g. some piezoelectric sensors). In absence of strong heterogeneities, the standards PMC approach should be used. We show that the PMC estimations in mines strongly depend on the source‐receiver direction, and cannot be correctly accounted using a standard PMC approach. However, results can be improved, when adopting the proposed 3-D modification of the PMC method. Our analysis of one central horizontal and vertical section yields a magnitude of completeness of about Mc ≈ 1 (AE magnitude) at the centre of the network, which increases up to Mc ≈ 4 at further distances outside the network; the best detection performance is estimated for a NNE‐SSE elongated region, which corresponds to the strike direction of the low-attenuating salt body. Our approach provides us with small-scale details about the capability of sensors to detect an earthquake, which can be linked to the presence of heterogeneities in specific directions. Reduced detection performance in presence of strong structural heterogeneities (cavities) is confirmed by synthetic waveform modelling in heterogeneous media.
Modified OOK in DWDM-FSO Systems Under Atmospheric Turbulence Channel and Interchannel Crosstalk

This paper presents designing and analysis using a dense wavelength division multiplexing free-space optical (DWDM-FSO) communication systems and shows the noise effects, interchannel crosstalk, and atmospheric turbulence in the weak and strong turbulence with an on-off keying (OOK) modulation. Numerical results show error floor occurs in the DWDM-FSO link using an OOK and adaptive detection threshold.
A Novel Machine Learning Scheme for mmWave Path Loss Modeling for 5G Communications in Dense Urban Scenarios

Accurate and efficient path loss prediction in mmWave communication plays an important role in large-scale deployment of the mmWave-based 5G mobile communication systems. Existing methods often present limitations in accuracy and efficiency and fail to fulfill the requirements of cell planning, especially in dense urban environments. In this paper, we propose a novel training method called multi-way local attentive learning, which allows for learning from multiple perspectives on the same set of training samples with local attention paid to each subset of the entire dataset. The sample data set can be partitioned in various ways with respect to different attributes, such that a larger amount of knowledge can be extracted from the same data set. The proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes in terms of prediction accuracy at the average RMSE of 6.01 dBm.
Evaluating and Comparing Classifiers: Complexity Measures

Relevant literature on Kolmogorov complexity measures and on trade-offs of classifier accuracy for reduced complexity is reviewed, seeking a pragmatic methodology for the practising applications analyst. Significant findings are that: (1) An accuracy/complexity trade-off is desirable; (2) Combined measures of accuracy/complexity are not practical due to difficulties encoding constraint satisfication, lack of sampling statistics and suitable tests of the null hypothesis, and practical dificulties of encoding complex functions and encoding across families of classifiers; (3) Therefore, a generalized version of the CART [5] l-SE rule is recommended; (4) Kolmogorov complexity is not practically computable (see (2)); and, therefore, (6) Simply measuring response times on a target environment is the recommended measure of complexity.
DISTRIBUTION OF UNTTARILY fc-FREE INTEGERS

Let k be a fixed integer 2: 2. A positive integer n is called unitarily k-free, if the multiplicity of each prime divisor of n is not a multiple of k; or equivalently, if n is not divisible unitarily by the kth power of any integer > 1. By a unitary divisor, we mean as usual a divisor d > 0 of n such that (d,(n/d)) = 1. The integer 1 is also considered to be unitarily /c-free. These integers were first defined by Cohen (1961; § 1). Let Q* denote the set of unitarily fc-free integers. When k = 2, the set Q* coincides with the set Q* of exponentially odd integers (that is, integers in whose canonical representation each exponent is odd) discussed by Cohen himself in an earlier paper (1961; §1 and §6). Let x denote a real variable 5: 1 and let Q*(x) denote the number of unitarily fc-free integers ^ x. Cohen (1961; Theorem 3.2) established by purely elementary methods that
PUROMYCIN INHIBITION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS: INCORPORATION OF PUROMYCIN INTO PEPTIDE CHAINS

active E. coli B used in these experiments was grown in a minimal medium of the following composition: K2HP04 10.5 gm, KH2PO4 4.5 gm, citrate * 5H20 0.47 gm, (NH4)2 S04 1.0 gm, MgSO4 7H20 10 mg, and glucose 2.0 gm per liter of water. A low magnesium ion concentration was used since the sensitivity of Pseudomon= fluorescens to puromycin had been reported to increase as the magnesium ion concentration of the medium was lowered. "' A similar effect was found with E. coli. At the magnesium level used in the present experiments, growth was the same as at higher concentrations. Radioactivity measurements were carried out in a liquid scintillation counter, using a toluene-based scintillator.
Enzymatic Kinetic Isotope Effects from Path-Integral Free Energy Perturbation Theory

Path-integral free energy perturbation (PI-FEP) theory is presented to directly determine the ratio of quantum mechanical partition functions of different isotopologs in a single simulation. Furthermore, a double averaging strategy is used to carry out the practical simulation, separating the quantum mechanical path integral exactly into two separate calculations, one corresponding to a classical molecular dynamics simulation of the centroid coordinates, and another involving free-particle path-integral sampling over the classical, centroid positions. An integrated centroid path-integral free energy perturbation and umbrella sampling (PI-FEP/UM, or simply, PI-FEP) method along with bisection sampling was summarized, which provides an accurate and fast convergent method for computing kinetic isotope effects for chemical reactions in solution and in enzymes. The PI-FEP method is illustrated by a number of applications, to highlight the computational precision and accuracy, the rule of geometrical mean in kinetic isotope effects, enhanced nuclear quantum effects in enzyme catalysis, and protein dynamics on temperature dependence of kinetic isotope effects. the precision of the PI-FEP method to conventional approaches, deprotonation and for assessing effects on in show kinetics our computational approaches on importance
ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA

HAVE thought it advisable to take up encephalitis lethargica from the standpoint of the general practitioner, who inevitably encounters this strange disease and naturally desires some practical help in dealing with the problems presented by it. It is still-and may well remain-in dispute whether outbreaks of encephalitis lethargica occurred prior to 1917; certainly we find accounts of isolated cases and even of epidemics (notably in 1889-90) highly suggestive of this possibility. In the nine years since its appearance, no part of the globe has escaped its ravages; the disease in Europe and North America appears mainly in the colder months, while poliomyelitis occurs in the late summer and early autumn; cities have been affected more than country districts; in Winnipeg, as in Warsaw, the Jewish race has suffered more than the rest of the community. Most statistics show that the sexes are equally vulnerable but a few show a considerably higher incidence in the male sex; suckling infants and old people do not escape, though most of the cases occur between the ages of twenty and fifty. Of 864 cases reported by the American Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, seventeen were physicians, but English, French and German statistics do not show any connection between occupation and liability to infection. Infectivity. -MacNalty of the English Ministry of Health has recently said: " The conclusion seems to be justified that encephalitis lethargica is infective like cerebrospinal fever and poliomyelitis and is liable to manifestation in epidemic form. " It is true that in all countries, cases of direct case contagion are found to be exceedingly uncommon, yet small outbreaks of encephalitis have been noted in institutions; exceptionally, two cases are found in one family, and instances are recorded of mothers suffering from encephalitis, infecting the child
Perturb and simplify: optimizing circuits with external don't cares

Earlier optimization techniques based on Automatic Test Pattern Generation could not handle external don't cares. We propose a technique that uses external don't cares during the ATPG guided logic optimization. This technique transforms external don't cares into internal don't cares. Thus, the optimization can utilize the external don't cares to obtain better results. Additionally, we also discuss some perturbation techniques to improve further results of logic optimizers. Based on a careful analysis of don't cares migration during incremental changes of an optimized circuit, we have developed a strategy to guide optimization. We have performed experiments on MCNC and ISCAS benchmarks and the results are very encouraging.
Amphetamine Conditioned Place Preference in High and Low Impulsive Rats

Stimulants such as d-amphetamine (AMPH) are used commonly to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but concerns have been raised regarding the use of AMPH due to its reinforcing and potentially addictive properties. The current study examined if individual differences in impulsive choice predict AMPH-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP). Rats were first tested in delay discounting using an adjusting delay procedure to measure impulsive choice and then were subsequently tested for AMPH CPP. High impulsive (HiI) and low impulsive (LoI) rats were conditioned across four sessions with 0.1, 0.5, or 1.5 mg/ kg of AMPH. AMPH increased locomotor activity for HiI and LoI rats following 0.5 mg/kg but failed to increase activity following 0.1 and 1.5 mg/kg. CPP was established for HiI rats with both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of AMPH, whereas LoI rats did not develop CPP following any dose of AMPH; HiI and LoI groups differed significantly following 0.5 mg/kg of AMPH. These results indicate that HiI rats are more sensitive to the rewarding effects of AMPH compared to LoI rats, which is consistent with research showing that high impulsive individuals may be more vulnerable to stimulant abuse.
A Pathogenic Role of Visceral Fat f33-Adrenoceptors in Obesity

Increased release of free fatty acids (FFA) from visceral fat cells to the portal venous system may cause several metabolic disturbances in obesity. However, this hypothesis and the underlying mechanism remain to be demonstrated. In this study catecholamine-induced lipid mobilization through lipolysis in omental adipose tissue was investigated in vitro in 25 markedly obese subjects (body mass index range 35-56 kg/M2) undergoing weight reduction surgery and in 19 nonobese subjects (body mass index range 20-28 kg/m2) undergoing cholecystectomy. Release of FFA and glycerol, induced by norepinephrine or adrenergic receptor subtype-specific agonists, were determined in isolated omental fat cells. The obese subjects had higher fat cell volume, blood pressure, plasma insulin levels, blood glucose, plasma triglycerides, and plasma cholesterol than the controls. There was evidence of upper-body fat distribution in the obese group. The rate of FFA and glycerol response to norepinephrine was increased twofold in the cells of obese subjects; no significant reutilization of FFA during catecholamine-induced lipolysis was observed in any of the groups (glyc-erol/FFA ratio near 1:3). There were no differences in the lipolytic sensitivity to 183- or 182-adrenoceptor specific agonists between the two groups. However, . 83-adrenoceptor sensitivity was 50 times enhanced (P = 0.0001), and the coupling efficiency of these receptors was increased from 37 to 56% (P = 0.01) in obesity. Furthermore, the obese subjects demonstrated a sixfold lower alpha2-adrenoceptor sensitivity (P = 0.04). 83-Adrenoceptor sensitivity, but not alpha2-, ,BI-, or 182-adrenoceptor sensitivity, correlated with norepinephrine-induced lipolysis (r = -0.67, P = 0.0001) and fat cell volume (r = -0.71, P = 0.0001). In conclusion, catecholamine-induced rate of FFA mobilization from omental fat cells is accelerated due to elevated rate of lipolysis in obesity, mainly because of an increased /33-adrenoceptor function, but partly also because of a decreased alpha2-adrenoceptor function. This promotes an increased release of FFA to the portal system, which may contribute to the parallel metabolic disturbances observed in upper-body obesity. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995.95:1109-1116.)
Hydrogel-based protein array for quantifying EGF receptor (EGFR) activity in cell lysates

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling plays an important role in a majority of solid tumors, and therapeutics targeted against EGFR have demonstrated promise in slowing growth of these tumors. However, many of these drugs either have failed to reproduce promising preclinical model results in clinical settings or have only been successful in a subgroup of cancer patients partly due to incomplete assessment of EGFR status in cancer. A patient-customized, predictive diagnostic for the effects of specific anti-EGFR therapies may improve outcomes. Here we report the development of a hydrogel-based protein array for quantitative and reproducible determination of the activity of EGFR directly from cellular extracts. In this study we used glutathione S-transferase – Eps15 (GST-Eps15) fusion proteins immobilized within a polyacrylamide hydrogel as a substrate for quantifying EGFR kinase activity from the extracts of EGFR-expressing cell lines. Significant EGFR upregulation was detected in a mixture containing 7% EGFR-overexpressing cell lysate diluted in lysate from a cell line expressing low levels of EGFR. Additionally, the GST-Eps15 protein array was capable of detecting inhibition of EGFR activity when incubated with different tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These findings establish the potential of this protein-acrylamide copolymer hydrogel array to not only evaluate EGFR status in cancer cell lysates but also to screen for the most promising therapeutics for individual patients and monitor treatment progression.
III. Present state of arrhythmia analysis by computer

Ideally, the interpretation of cardiac arryhthmias should be based upon the reliable observation of auricular and ventricular events over a sufficiently long period of time. Given the exact timing of P waves and QRS complexes, together with gross descriptions of these waveforms, the problem of establishing a reliable arryhthmia diagnosis would be simplified considerably since the electrophysiological mechanisms responsible for a large number of arrhythmic patterns have been described satisfactorily.1'2 Then, for several types of arrhythmias, it may be expected that good criteria could be established on the basis of these electrophy¬ siological mechanisms, so that very few particular quantitative studies would be required. Therefore, data processing would consist essentially in a straightforward application of point process statistics and pattern recognition methods. Since these operations are well suited to digital computer applications, powerful ar¬ rhythmia analysis programs could become available
Prevention of GVHD by adoptive T regulatory therapy is associated with active repression of peripheral blood toll-like receptor-5 mRNA expression Biol Blood Marrow Transplant

, Abstract Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) occurs in 40-60% of recipients of partially matched umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCB). In a phase I study, adoptive transfer of expanded CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) resulted in a reduced incidence of grade II-IV GVHD. To investigate potential mechanisms responsible for the reduced GVHD risk, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) mRNA expression of a tolerance gene set previously identified in operational tolerant kidney transplant recipients, comparing healthy controls to patients who received no nTregs or nTregs with and without GVHD. Samples from patients receiving nTregs regardless of GVHD showed increased Foxp3, but also B cell related tolerance marker expression. This correlated with early B cell recovery, predominately of naïve B cells, and nearly normal T cell reconstitution. CD8 + T cells showed reduced signs of activation (HLA-DR + expression) in comparison to conventionally treated patients developing GVHD. In contrast, patients with GVHD had significantly increased whereas nTreg-treated patients without GVHD had reduced TLR5 mRNA expression. We identified Lin − HLADR − CD33 + CD16 + cells and CD14 ++ CD16 − monocytes as main TLR5 producers especially in samples of conventionally treated patients developing GVHD. Together, these data reveal interesting similarities and differences between tolerant organ and nTreg-treated hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.
Photophysics of Fluorescence Probes for Single Molecule Biophysics and Super-Resolution Imaging

Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy are important elements of the ongoing technical revolution to reveal biochemical and cellular processes in unprecedented clarity and precision. Demands placed on the photophysical properties of the fluorophores are stringent and drive the choice of appropriate probes. Such fluorophores are not simple light bulbs of certain color and brightness but instead have their own ‘personalities’ regarding spectroscopic parameters, redox properties, size and water solubility, photostability and several more. Here, we review the photophysics of fluorescent probes, both organic fluorophores and fluorescent proteins, used in applications such as particle tracking, single molecule FRET, stoichiometry determination, and super-resolution imaging. Of particular interest is the thiol-induced blinking of Cy5, a curse for single molecule biophysical studies which was later overcome using Trolox through reducing/oxidizing system, but a boon for super-resolution imaging due to the controllable photoswitching. Understanding photophysics is critical in design and interpreting single molecule experiments.
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation Outcomes in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia/Myelodysplastic Syndromes Patients ≥70 Years Old

The maximum age of patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) has been moving up over time. However, the availability of a suitable HLA-matched sibling donor may limit access of this patient population to alloHCT. We retrospectively investigated the outcomes of umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) after reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in patients aged ≥70 years with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) between 2010 and 2014. During this period 70 patients with AML/MDS were referred to our center for alloHCT consideration. Twenty-two patients (33%) received alloHCT: 10 UCBT, 9 HLA full-matched sibling donor transplantation, 2 haploidentical alloHCT, and 1 unrelated donor alloHCT. In UCBT, cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 20% and 30% at 2 years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day +100 and chronic GVHD at 2 years was 10%. Seven patients had viral reactivation/infections. Rates of overall survival and disease-free survival were 60% and 50% at 2 years, respectively. Moreover, these outcomes seemed to be similar to that of patients aged 60 to 69 years receiving UCBT (n = 60) and patients aged ≥70 years receiving HLA full-matched sibling donor transplantation (n = 9). These results suggest that UCBT is feasible in selected AML/MDS patients aged ≥70 years. In fact, UCBT shortens the required time for an unrelated donor search and thus increases the chance of proceeding with alloHCT, which might contribute to higher rates of alloHCT in the referral group. Outcomes of UCBT are promising; however, larger studies with a longer follow-up are needed.
Both HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected children living in Brazil, Argentina and Mexico have similar rates of low concentrations of retinol, β-carotene and vitamin E

Our objective was to describe the prevalence of low concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, and vitamin E in a group of HIV-infected Latin American children and a comparison group of HIV-exposed, uninfected children. Our hypothesis was that the rates of low concentrations of these micronutrients would be higher in the HIV-infected group than those in the HIV-exposed, uninfected group. This was a cross-sectional substudy of a larger cohort study at clinical pediatric HIV centers in Latin America. Serum levels of micronutrients were measured in the first stored sample obtained after each child’s first birthday by high-performance liquid chromatography. Low concentrations of retinol, βcarotene and vitamin E were defined as serum levels below 0.70 μmol/L, 0.35 μmol/L and 18.0 μmol/L, respectively. The population for this analysis was 336 children (124 HIV-infected, 212 HIVexposed, uninfected) aged ≥ 1 to < 4 years of age. Rates of low concentrations were 74% for retinol, 27% for β-carotene, and 89% for vitamin E. These rates were not affected by HIV status. Among the HIV-infected children those treated with antiretrovirals were less likely to have retinol deficiency, but no other HIV-related factors correlated with micronutrient low serum levels. Low concentrations of retinol, β-carotene and vitamin E are very common in children exposed to HIV living in Brazil, Argentina and Mexico, regardless of HIV-infection status.