Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rethinking the Foundations of Statistics

the  rst chapter) is not a recipe book of S-PLUS commands, but instead a data analysis text where the tools of S-PLUS are typically presented and used within an analysis strategy. Many nice datasets are presented throughout the text, but these will need to be scanned or entered by hand by the reader, because a website containing the datasets apparently is not available. Each chapter is followed by a useful problem set. Several references are listed after each chapter, though some are a bit outdated. Finally, there are a few typos in the text, but not nearly so much as to be a distraction. Despite the aforementioned omissions and criticisms, I highly recommend Modern Applied Biostastistical Methods Using S-PLUS for anyone trying to learn S-PLUS to analyze data, especially data coming from biostatistical studies. In this light, this book will be particularly valuable for undergraduate and graduate students in statistics and biostatistics, as well as any group in government, industry, or academia looking for a way to integrate S-PLUS into their way of displaying and analyzing data. Also, anyone teaching an applied data analysis course with S-PLUS will  nd this text quite useful. Advanced S-PLUS users may also get something out of this book, though they are likely to equally or more so appreciate the companion texts by Venables and Ripley (1999 and 2000), which (especially the latter) appear to be aimed at a higher-level audience in terms of S-PLUS programming skills.
Geoinformation Harvesting From Social Media Data: A community remote sensing approach

As unconventional sources of geoinformation, massive imagery and text messages from open platforms and social media form a temporally quasi-seamless, spatially multiperspective stream, but with unknown and diverse quality. Due to its complementarity to remote sensing (RS) data, geoinformation from these sources offers promising perspectives, but harvesting is not trivial due to its data characteristics. In this article, we address key aspects in the field, including data availability, analysis-ready data preparation and data management, geoinformation extraction from social media text messages and images, and the fusion of social media and RS data. We then showcase some exemplary geographic applications. In addition, we present the first extensive discussion of ethical considerations of social media data in the context of geoinformation harvesting and geographic applications. With this effort, we wish to stimulate curiosity and lay the groundwork for researchers who intend to explore social media data for geoapplications. We encourage the community to join forces by sharing their code and data.
Allosteric interactions among voltage-sensor modules of sodium channels probed by scorpion toxin modifiers

Gating of voltage-dependent sodium channels involves coordinated movements of the voltage sensors in the voltage-sensing modules (VSMs) of the four domains (DI-DIV) in response to membrane depolarization. Zhu et al. have recently examined the effects of charge reversal substitutions at the VSM of domain III on the action of scorpion alpha- and beta-toxins that intercept the voltage sensors in domains IV and II, respectively. The increased activity of both toxin types on the mutant channels has suggested that the VSM module at domain III interacts allosterically with the VSM modules in domains IV and II during channel gating thus affecting indirectly the action of both scorpion toxin classes.
Data-dependent allocation rules a comparative study of some for bernoulli data

A clinical trial setting is considered in which two treatments are available for a particular ailment. The response to treatment is Bernoulli with “success” or “failure” as the outcome. Several allocation rules which are designed to reduce the number of patients who receive the inferior treatment are compared with random allocation using simulation. Particular attention is paid to the bias and variance for estimation of the true treatment difference. The effect of time trends in the data is examined.
Different scan areas affect the detection rates of diabetic retinopathy lesions by high-speed ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography

Introduction The study aimed to determine the effect of the scanning area used for high-speed ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) on the detection rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) lesions. Methods This prospective, observational study involved diabetic patients between October 2021 and April 2022. The participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and high-speed ultra-widefield SS-OCTA using a 24 mm × 20 mm scanning protocol. A central area denoted as “12 mm × 12 mm-central” was extracted from the 24 mm × 20 mm image, and the remaining area was denoted as “12 mm~24mm-annulus. ” The rates of detection of DR lesions using the two scanning areas were recorded and compared. Results In total, 172 eyes (41 eyes with diabetes mellitus without DR, 40 eyes with mild to moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 51 eyes with severe NPDR, and 40 eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) from 101 participants were included. The detection rates of microaneurysms (MAs), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs), and neovascularization (NV) for the 12 mm × 12 mm central and 24 mm × 20 mm images were comparable (p > 0.05). The detection rate of NPAs for the 24 mm × 20 mm image was 64.5%, which was significantly higher than that for the 12 mm × 12 mm central image (52.3%, p < 0.05). The average ischemic index (ISI) was 15.26% for the 12 mm~24mm-annulus, which was significantly higher than that for the 12 mm × 12 mm central image (5.62%). Six eyes had NV and 10 eyes had IRMAs that only existed in the 12 mm~24mm-annulus area. Conclusions The newly developed high-speed ultra-widefield SS-OCTA can capture a 24 mm × 20 mm retinal vascular image during a single scan, which improves the accuracy of detecting the degree of retinal ischemia and detection rate of NV and IRMAs.
A novel high-affinity potassium transporter SeHKT1;2 from halophyte Salicornia europaea shows strong selectivity for Na+ rather than K+

High-affinity K+ transporters (HKTs) are known as transmembrane cation transporters and are involved in Na+ or Na+-K+ transport in plants. In this study, a novel HKT gene SeHKT1;2 was isolated and characterized from the halophyte, Salicornia europaea. It belongs to subfamily I of HKT and shows high homology with other halophyte HKT proteins. Functional characterization of SeHKT1;2 indicated that it contributes to facilitating Na+ uptake in Na+-sensitive yeast strains G19, however, cannot rescue the K+ uptake-defective phenotype of yeast strain CY162, demonstrating SeHKT1;2 selectively transports Na+ rather than K+. The addition of K+ along with NaCl relieved the Na+ sensitivity. Furthermore, heterologous expression of SeHKT1;2 in sos1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana increased salt sensitivity and could not rescued the transgenic plants. This study will provide valuable gene resources for improving the salt tolerance in other crops by genetic engineering.
Q-switched all-fiber lasers with saturable absorbers

In this brief review we consider the relatively new design of the pulsed fiber lasers, namely lasers with the fiber saturable absorber (FSA). Main advantage of this design consists in a possibility to realize a simple all-fiber scheme of Q-switched laser. We show that such lasers can be based on the different types of the fiber absorber and operate in the different spectral ranges. Up to now a set of the pulsed lasers were build. Pulse energy from several μJ to several hundred μJ was demonstrated. Pear power was changed from tens W to several kW with the pulse duration from 50 ns to 1 μs. We show that described principles of Q-switching can be applied for other types of the fiber lasers. Also, new fiber absorbers are suggested.
Thymol in Trachyspermum ammi seed extract exhibits neuroprotection, learning, and memory enhancement in scopolamine‐induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model

Several reports have stated the neuroprotective and learning/memory effects of Tachyspermum ammi seed extract (TASE) and its principal component thymol; however, little is known about its underlying molecular mechanisms and neurogenesis potential. This study aimed to provide insights into TASE and a thymol‐mediated multifactorial therapeutic approach in a scopolamine‐induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. TASE and thymol supplementation significantly reduced oxidative stress markers such as brain glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde in mouse whole brain homogenates. Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha was significantly downregulated, whereas the elevation of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and phospho‐glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (serine 9) enhanced learning and memory in the TASE‐ and thymol‐treated groups. A significant reduction in the accumulation of Aβ 1–42 peptides was observed in the brains of TASE‐ and thymol‐treated mice. Furthermore, TASE and thymol significantly promoted adult neurogenesis, with increased doublecortin positive neurons in the subgranular and polymorphic zones of the dentate gyrus in treated‐mice. Collectively, TASE and thymol could potentially act as natural therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as AD.
Torque Generation Comparison Under Different Excitation Modes for the Classical and Mutually Coupled Winding Configurations of the Axial-Field Switched Reluctance Machine with Segmented Rotor

This paper deals with a 3-phase double stator, 36-slot per stator and 24-pole segmented rotor axial-field switched reluctance machine. The topology of the axial-field double stator switched reluctance machine (AFDSSRM) is made of 2 stators connected in series and a segmented rotor in between. Each stator tooth holds one coil dedicated to one phase. In this paper, two winding configurations are explored for the AFDSSRM, the classical winding for SRMs (+A- -B+ +C- -A+ +B- -C+) and the mutually coupled one (+A- +B- +C- +A- +B- +C-). The AFDSSRM is modeled using 2D finite element model (FEM). The 2D-FEM is established at the mean radius of the machine with the hypothesis of radial invariance of local quantities. It is used to achieve calculations of self and mutual inductances, self and mutual flux-linkage. The 2D-FEM will then be used to assess performances of the classical winding configuration and the mutually coupled winding configuration with regards to output torque for three different current distributions. The motor is first fed with 3-phase step current in unipolar and bipolar mode. Then a 3-phase sinusoidal current is used.
Extrasolar planets around intermediate mass stars

One of the earliest hints for extrasolar planets came with the discovery almost 15 years ago of low amplitude, long period radial velocity (RV) variations in several K giant stars, β Gem, α Tau (Aldebaran) and α Boo. Since then it has been confirmed that for β Gem (stellar mass =1.7 M⊙) these RV variations are due to a planetary companion. Aldebaran is another K giant star showing long-lived (>26 years) and coherent RV variations. These are most likely due to a planetary companion having a mass of 9 MJup using an estimated mass of 2.5 M⊙ for the star. Giant stars like α Tau and β Gem offer us the possibility of studying the process of planet formation around stars more massive than the sun. The main sequence stars with masses >1.2 M⊙ are ill-suited for RV surveys as there are few spectral lines for measuring the RV and these are often broadened by high rates of stellar rotation. Currently over 20 intermediate mass giant stars are known to host extrasolar planets. This sample is sufficiently large that we can begin to look at the overall properties of planets around intermediate mass stars. These suggest that more massive stars may have more massive planets that the orbital eccentricities for their extrasolar planets show the wide range of eccentricities seen for main sequence, solar mass stars, and that unlike for main sequence stars there seems to be no preference for metal rich intermediate mass stars to host extrasolar planets.
An efficient and effective l0–l2 minimisation algorithm for compressive imaging

Abstract Compressive imaging has been intensively studied during the past few years, capable of reconstructing high-resolution images with sampling ratios far below the Nyquist rate. In contrast to previous works, a new l0–l2 minimisation approach is proposed for compressive imaging in this paper, regularised by sparsity constraints in three complementary frames. The new approach stems from the observation that images of practical interest may consist of different morphological components (e.g. point singularities, oscillating textures, curvilinear edges), and therefore, cannot be sparsely represented in one single frame. The alternating split Lagrangian method is further exploited to resolve the l0–l2 minimisation problem, leading to an efficient iteration scheme for compressive imaging from partial Fourier data. In addition, we analyse the convergence properties of the proposed algorithm and compare its performance against several recently proposed methods. Numerical simulations on natural and magnetic resonance images show that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art performance.
LENGTHS AND DIAMETERS OF PLANT ROOTS IN NON-RANDOM POPULATIONS BY ANALYSIS OF PLANE SURFACES

SUMMARY This paper conisiders the theory associated with an experimental procedure for estiimiating the length of plant roots in soil by calculation from the frequency at which roots intersect planes cut through the soil. To generalize the treatment, roots are assumed to comprise segments each of which is a straight rod. The theory is extended from random distributions of rods to two types of non-randomness: (1) the probability of rods going in a particular direction is represented by the length of a radius of an ellipsoid; (2) the directional probability does not vary from one spot to another, but the total length of rods per unit volume is linear with distance. In both cases it is shown how the length of rods per unit volume may be calculated from the density of intersections in three mutually perpendicular faces which intersect one another symmetrically.
Performance of Resource Allocation for Downlink Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Systems in Tri-Sectorial Cell

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has recently emerged as a promising candidate for new generation networks. However, the latter face challenges in terms of supporting high data traffic with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. This letter proposes a resource allocation in downlink 5G tri-sectorial cell for NOMA systems using Proportional Fair Scheduling (PFS) algorithm, in order to improve network performance in terms of throughput, fairness between users and energy efficiency. Specifically, we study the channel state conditions of users to help those in a critical locations, in order to ensure an optimal distribution of resources among users whatever their position and the load of sectors in the cell. Performances were analyzed with increased number of users in the cell area. Simulation results and discussions on the performance of approach proposed are provided.
A Facile and Rapid Strategy for Quantifying PCBs in Cereals Based on Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: A Reference for Safety Concerns in Sustainable Textiles

Cereals and their derivative products such as starch and cyclodextrin are significant natural materials for sustainable textile processing (e.g., sizing, dispersing, etc.). However, the contamination of cereals with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often neglected, which has led to increasing concerns due to the adverse effects on end users. Therefore, monitoring PCBs in cereals is of great importance in preventing health risks. However, high starch, protein, and fat contents make cereals a complicated matrix and can challenge the analysis of PCBs in cereals. This work describes a facile and rapid strategy for quantifying 18 PCBs in cereals that included corn, wheat, and rice through dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Importantly, this was the first time that carboxyl-modified, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated in the detection of PCBs in cereals. The influences of several parameters on the extraction and clean-up efficiency were investigated; these included the type and volume of extraction solvent, sonication time, and the type and dosage of the adsorbent. The matrix effects on quantification were also evaluated. This approach exhibited a better clean-up performance. All the analytes showed weak matrix effects, and thus a solvent standard plot could be prepared for their quantification. Spiking experiments in the selected matrices at three concentration levels from 0.5 to 10 μg/kg resulted in satisfactory recoveries that ranged from 79.2% to 110.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs; n = 6) less than 10.3%. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.04 to 0.1 μg/kg and 0.1 to 0.4 μg/kg, respectively. The practical application of this method was investigated by analyzing actual cereal samples, which demonstrated that the proposed approach was a facile and efficient strategy for PCB determination and provided a reference for the safety evaluation of sustainable textiles. The method also could be generalized to other troublesome samples for testing of multiple PCBs.
Evolution trend and hot topic measurement of climate migration research under the influence of climate change

Introduction Global climate change, which is characterized by climate warming, has become one of the most prominent risk problems in society at present. Climate migration brings many accompanying problems to the environment, economy, politics, society, and culture. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the internal relationship between climate change and population migration. Methods The data were extracted from the Web of Science core collection database (WOS) and China Knowledge Network database (CNKI). A total of 785 documents and 157 documents in the field of climate migration from 2008 to 2021 were selected as analysis samples. Word frequency analysis, clustering analysis, sudden word detection analysis, and other methods were extensively used to build the evolution trend map of climate migration using CiteSpace visual bibliometric software. Results It is concluded that climate migration research has experienced three stages of development: initial exploration stage (2008-2011), development enrichment stage (2012-2017), and system deepening stage (2018). The hot topics of climate migration include: (1) different types of climate migration research; (2) Quantitative model research on climate migration; (3) Climate justice research. Different types of climate migration include 7 main types: (1) migration caused by sea level rise; (2) Resettlement caused by flood disaster; (3) Migration due to worsening drought; (4) Migration caused by extreme climate events; (5) Voluntary migration due to climate change discomfort; (6) Project resettlement caused by climate change response engineering measures; (7) Migrants whose livelihoods are broken due to climate change. Discussion The study points out that climate migration research is an interdisciplinary research field, which needs joint research by scholars from different academic backgrounds. In the future climate migration research, 1) strengthen the prediction ability of climate change population migration model; 2) Make use of China’s beneficial exploration in the migration fields such as engineering resettlement, ecological resettlement and poverty alleviation resettlement to formulate climate migration policies, regulations and strategic planning; 3) Establish a database cloud platform related to climate change and population migration; 4) Strengthen the exchange and cooperation between Chinese researchers in the field of climate migration and international scientific research institutions.
Composite Soft Pneumatic Actuators Using 3D Printed Skins

The development of the field of soft robotics has led to the exploration of novel techniques to manufacture soft actuators. One subset of these- soft pneumatic actuators are conventionally developed from silicone, fabrics, and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Each of these materials in isolation possesses limitations of low-stress capacity, low design complexity and high input pressure requirements, respectively. Combining these materials can overcome some limitations and maintain their desirable properties. In this manuscript, we explore one such composite design scheme using a combination of silicone polymers and TPU manufactured using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Silicone, which has high strain capacity, is used as the inner hermetic seal, while the 3D printed TPU acts as an external constraint that controls the deformation. The composite actuators have the advantage of being able to withstand higher stress than the silicone polymer and still being able to generate high deformations at modest pressures that TPU actuators are unable to achieve. In addition, the composite skins give the advantage of reconfigurability as the inner bladder, and the skin can both be modified to tune the properties of the final actuator. Effects of material selection and stiffness on the deformation and force properties of the composite actuators are also explored, along with variations in force output by changing the inner bladder. The practical utility of these 3D printed skins is demonstrated by showcasing a wearable elbow assistive device based on this technique.
Hydrogel Encapsulation of Genome-Engineered Stem Cells for Long-Term Self-Regulating Anti-Cytokine Therapy

Biologic therapies have revolutionized treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but their continuous administration at high doses may lead to adverse events. Thus, the development of improved drug delivery systems that can sense and respond commensurately to disease flares represents an unmet medical need. Toward this end, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that express interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra, an inhibitor of IL-1) in a feedback-controlled manner driven by the macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (Ccl2) promoter. Cells were seeded in agarose hydrogel constructs made from 3D printed molds that can be injected subcutaneously via a blunt needle, thus simplifying implantation of the constructs, and the translational potential. We demonstrated that the subcutaneously injected agarose hydrogels containing genome-edited Ccl2-IL1Ra iPSCs showed significant therapeutic efficacy in the K/BxN model of inflammatory arthritis, with nearly complete abolishment of disease severity in the front paws. These implants also exhibited improved implant longevity as compared to the previous studies using 3D woven scaffolds, which require surgical implantation. This minimally invasive cell-based drug delivery strategy may be adapted for the treatment of other autoimmune or chronic diseases, potentially accelerating translation to the clinic.
Cerebral Air Embolism: A Case of a Rare Transthoracic Needle Biopsy Complication

Transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB) is a fundamental procedure in the diagnosis of a wide spectrum of thoracic diseases replacing more invasive surgical procedures. The procedure may be performed with computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound imaging guidance, with CT being the more commonly utilized. Although less invasive than surgery, there is still a complication risk associated with this procedure. These can be local such as pneumothorax, parenchymal hemorrhage, tumor seeding, and hemoptysis, or systemic such as air embolism. The authors report a case of cerebral circulation air embolism as a complication of TNB in a 54-year-old male with suspected lung tumor followed by a brief review of the current literature.