Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Electronic Publication Dedicated to Early Stellar Evolution and Molecular Clouds Call for Dissertation Abstracts Detection of Magnetohydrodynamic Shocks in the L1551 Outflow

During the month of January a special issue of the Newsletter will be issued that contains abstracts of Ph.D dis-sertations completed during 1992. If you have finished your Ph.D. thesis this year, or if you know of someone who has finished it this year within the subjects of galactic star formation processes, associated phenomena and molecular clouds, observationally or theoretically, please contact me to receive a macro specially designed for this purpose. The format will be the same as for the abstracts published in PASP, and each abstract will be given a full page of text. The goal of this effort is twofold: to provide rapid dissemination of the basic results of the substantial research efforts which a Ph.D. thesis represents, and to help establish contacts between the new Ph.D.'s and institutes with specific interests in hiring post-doc's within certain fields of research. Abstracts which reach the editor before January 20 will be included in the dissertation issue. The normal mailing of newsletters during the first week of each month will not be affected by this extra issue. We report the results of CO J=1→0 mapping of portions of the blue outflow lobe of L1551 with ∼ 7 (N-S) × 4 (E-W) resolution, obtained with the 3-element OVRO millimeter array. Comparison of our interferometer mosaic with lower resolution single-dish data shows that we resolve the strongest single-dish emission regions into filamentary structures, such as are characteristic of shock fronts mapped via their near-infrared H 2 emission in other outflow sources. We detect a continuous velocity gradient across the brightest filamentary structure in our maps. The projected, deconvolved, FWHM of this feature is 1–2 × 10 16 cm, similar to that predicted in theoretical models of C-shocks. Combined with the velocity gradient, this suggests that the emission originates from within a magnetohydrodynamic shck front, possibly resulting from the interaction of a stellar wind with dense, ambient material. In contrast, the discontinuous J-shocks expected in regions with no magnetic field should have a thickness ≤ 10 15 cm, which would be unresolved at our spatial resolution. Based on the shock models of Draine and coworkers, the magnetic field strengths required to account for the structure are in the range 10 to 30 µG. We suggest future high spatial resolution mapping of this feature in its near-infrared CO and H 2 emission, to characterize further the temperature and density structure of the neutral …
Advances in the Microbiological Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infections

A significant number of prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are culture-negative and/or misinterpreted as aseptic failures in spite of the correct implementation of diagnostic culture techniques, such as tissue sample processing in a bead mill, prolonged incubation time, or sonication of removed implants. Misinterpretation may lead to unnecessary surgery and needless antimicrobial treatment. The diagnostic value of non-culture techniques has been investigated in synovial fluid, periprosthetic tissues, and sonication fluid. Different feasible improvements, such as real-time technology, automated systems and commercial kits are now available to support microbiologists. In this review, we describe non-culture techniques based on nucleic acid amplification and sequencing methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a frequently used technique in most microbiology laboratories which allows the detection of a nucleic acid fragment by sequence amplification. Different PCR types can be used to diagnose PJI, each one requiring the selection of appropriate primers. Henceforward, thanks to the reduced cost of sequencing and the availability of next-generation sequencing (NGS), it will be possible to identify the whole pathogen genome sequence and, additionally, to detect all the pathogen sequences present in the joint. Although these new techniques have proved helpful, strict conditions need to be observed in order to detect fastidious microorganisms and rule out contaminants. Specialized microbiologists should assist clinicians in interpreting the result of the analyses at interdisciplinary meetings. New technologies will gradually be made available to improve the etiologic diagnoses of PJI, which will remain an important cornerstone of treatment. Strong collaboration among all specialists involved is essential for the correct diagnosis of PJI.
The Polynomial Aggregated Ar(1) Model

This paper develops a new kind of aggregation model. We extend the work of Linden (1999) to allow the AR coefficient to be drawn from a polynomial density function. The polynomial density incorporates a wealth of multi-modal density functions as special cases. Given the aggregate data, we provide estimation methods for the coefficients and the order of the polynomial density. A test for the functional form of the polynomial is provided. We apply the model to the consumption data of the G7 industrial countries and recover the individual attributes of the consumption behaviour in those countries. Copyright Royal Economic Society 2006
Gravitational radiation from point-masses in unbound orbits: Newtonian results.

Gravitational radiation from a system of two point-masses in unbound orbits (orbital eccentricity e> or =1) is calculated to Newtonian order in the multipole formalism. Waveforms of the multipole amplitudes are presented for bound and unbound orbits. The energy emitted in gravitational waves from an unbound encounter is given by an enhancement factor, g (e), times a function of the other orbital parameters (similar to the results of Peters and Mathews for bound systems). Energy spectra of the gravitational radiation emitted are also presented.
Inverse scattering solution with current modeling and Tikhonov regularization

Permittivity reconstruction of dielectric bodies from scattered near-field measurement data is performed by using an equivalent current distribution model and Tikhonov regularization of various orders. It is shown that in the presence of noise in the scattered field data, the application of Tikhonov regularization to the treatment of the equivalent current density integral equation yields an efficient solution of this inverse problem. The proposed procedure is illustrated on a simple example of a two-dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric with emphasis on the optimum selection of the regularization order and the regularization parameter in terms of the noise level. <<ETX>>
Composition and biodiversity of soil and root-associated microbiome in Vitis vinifera cultivar Lambrusco distinguish the microbial terroir of the Lambrusco DOC protected designation of origin area on a local scale

Introduction Wines produced from the same grape cultivars but in different locations possess distinctive qualities leading to different consumer’s appreciation, preferences, and thus purchase choices. Here, we explore the possible importance of microbiomes at the soil–plant interface as a determinant of the terroir properties in grapevine production, which confer specific growth performances and wine chemo-sensory properties at the local scale. Methods In particular, we investigated the variation in microbial communities associated with the roots of Vitis vinifera cultivar Lambrusco, as well as with surrounding bulk soils, in different vineyards across the “Consorzio Tutela Lambrusco DOC” protected designation of origin area (PDO, Emilia Romagna, Italy), considering viticultural sites located both inside and outside the consortium in two different seasons (June and November 2021). Results According to our findings, rhizospheric and soil microbiomes show significant structural differences in relation to the sampling site, regardless of seasonality, while endophytic microbiomes seem to be completely unaffected by such variables. Furthermore, a deeper insight into the microbial terroir of PDO areas highlighted the presence of some rhizospheric microorganisms enriched inside the consortium and characterizing the PDO regardless of both sampling season and farming strategy. These include Bacillus, Paenibacillus, and Azospirillum, which are all well-known plant growth-promoting bacteria. Discussion Taken together, our results suggest a connection between soil and root microbiomes of V. vinifera cultivar Lambrusco and the local designation of origin, emphasizing the potential role of PDO-enriched plant growth-promoting bacteria in vine growing and final quality of the Lambrusco DOC wine.
Non-Hermitian Ising model at finite temperature

As a very simple model, the Ising model plays an important role in statistical physics. In the paper, with the help of quantum Liouvillian statistical theory, we study the one-dimensional non-Hermitian Ising model at finite temperature and give its analytical solutions. We find that the non-Hermitian Ising model shows quite different properties from those of its Hermitian counterpart. For example, the ‘pseudo-phase transition’ is explored between the ‘topological’ phase and the ‘non-topological’ phase, at which the Liouvillian energy gap is closed rather than the usual energy gap. In particular, we point out that the one-dimensional non-Hermitian Ising model at finite temperature can be equivalent to an effective anisotropic XY model in the transverse field. This work will help people understand quantum statistical properties of non-Hermitian systems at finite temperatures.
Single-walled carbon nanotube weak links in Kondo regime with zero-field splitting

Rights: © 2009 American Physical Society (APS). This is the accepted version of the following article: Wu, F. & Danneau, R. & Queipo, P. & Kauppinen, E. & Tsuneta, T. & Hakonen, Pertti J. 2009. Single-walled carbon nanotube weak links in Kondo regime with zero-field splitting. Physical Review B. Volume 79, Issue 7. 073404/1-4. ISSN 1098-0121 (printed). DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.79. 073404, which has been published in final form at http://journals.aps. org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.79. 073404.
Emerging Transparency Systems for News Governance to Protect Media Independence and Credibility in the Digital Infosphere

Abstract Media capture and disinformation are two problems that exist in all media markets with greater or lesser extent. The current digital context is helping to exacerbate these problems, which represent the two main threats to the public's right to be informed in a constitutional democracy. The current legal-constitutional frameworks to protect the public’s right to information across EU jurisdictions are no longer effective in guaranteeing two elements associated with this fundamental right: the independence of the media and the duty of truthfulness of journalists. As a solution to this problem, a system of transparency of media companies to reinforce these two elements may become a complementary tool to effectively guarantee the right to information. In this context, a number of voluntary transparency systems of news media organizations are emerging in the European Union and the United States to strengthen media independence and editorial credibility. In this article I first describe and compare these systems by using criteria associated with effective transparency policies. Then I identify standards that are common to all the initiatives focusing on news governance and I evaluate how these standards are being already implemented by a sample of five Anglo American media brands that are enjoying the credibility of their users evidenced by the increasing levels of subscription rates.
Marginal and association regression models for longitudinal binary data with drop‐outs: A likelihood‐based approach

Longitudinal data often contain missing observations, and it is in general difficult to justify particular missing data mechanisms, whether random or not, that may be hard to distinguish. The authors describe a likelihood‐based approach to estimating both the mean response and association parameters for longitudinal binary data with drop‐outs. They specify marginal and dependence structures as regression models which link the responses to the covariates. They illustrate their approach using a data set from the Waterloo Smoking Prevention Project They also report the results of simulation studies carried out to assess the performance of their technique under various circumstances.
On the Possibility of Reflectionless Coating of a Homogeneous Bianisotropic Layer on a Perfect Conductor

ABSTRACT The possibility of eliminating the electromagnetic reflection of a plane wave from a perfect conductor by coating a homogeneous layer of a bianisotropic medium is studied. It is shown that the uniaxial chiral-omega medium is a natural choice for such a reflectionless coating at a fixed frequency in the normal incident case. The condition for zero reflection is derived. Numerical results show that a uniaxial omega coating can give more effective anti-reflection results than an isotropic conducting anti-reflection coating and an isotropic dielectric (or magnetic) anti-reflection coating.
Residential Segregation and Women’s Labor Market Participation: The Case of Santiago De Chile

Women’s labor market participation in Chile ranks among the lowest in Latin America. In a country where over 90 percent of the population lives in segregated cities, where employment opportunities cluster in affluent neighborhoods, residential sorting has surprisingly been neglected as an explanatory factor. This article addresses this omission by calculating the effects of residential segregation on labor market participation among less-educated caregivers. Using an OLS fixed effects model, the study finds that segregation entails adverse spatial mismatch effects on labor market participation. No other sub-population is affected in this manner. Hence, residential segregation contributes to the consolidation of three types of inequalities. First, it reproduces gendered inequalities within less-educated households. Second, in the context of increasing labor market participation among more-educated women, residential segregation further increases inequalities between low-income and affluent households. Finally, it deepens geographical inequalities between marginalized and non-marginalized households. HIGHLIGHTS Residential segregation has excluded less-educated caregiving women from paid work. Less-educated communities reside in regions with low job density. A spatial mismatch is a gendered phenomenon insofar as mobility is gendered. Segregation does not affect men’s or more-educated women’s labor force participation. Segregation aggravates economic, geographic, and gender inequalities.
Radiative edges under control by impurity fluxes

Experimental results from TEXTOR are presented to provide strong evidence for the feasibility of the 'cold radiative plasma mantle', a concept which might be a possible solution for the energy exhaust problem in a fusion reactor. The concept is compared with the high density divertor. The compatibility to other constraints, limitations and open problems are discussed, in particular the issues of stationarity (feed-back control, thermal instabilities, q=2), energy confinement, He-exhaust and fuel dilution.
Proteome and phosphoproteome analysis of 2,4-epibrassinolide-mediated cold stress response in cucumber seedlings

The 2, 4-epibrassinolide (EBR) significantly increased plants cold tolerance. However, mechanisms of EBR in regulating cold tolerance in phosphoproteome and proteome levels have not been reported. The mechanism of EBR regulating cold response in cucumber was studied by multiple omics analysis. In this study, phosphoproteome analysis showed that cucumber responded to cold stress through multi-site serine phosphorylation, while EBR further upregulated single-site phosphorylation for most of cold-responsive phosphoproteins. Association analysis of the proteome and phosphoproteome revealed that EBR reprogrammed proteins in response to cold stress by negatively regulating protein phosphorylation and protein content, and phosphorylation negatively regulated protein content in cucumber. Further functional enrichment analysis of proteome and phosphoproteome showed that cucumber mainly upregulated phosphoproteins related to spliceosome, nucleotide binding and photosynthetic pathways in response to cold stress. However, different from the EBR regulation in omics level, hypergeometric analysis showed that EBR further upregulated 16 cold-up-responsive phosphoproteins participated photosynthetic and nucleotide binding pathways in response to cold stress, suggested their important function in cold tolerance. Analysis of cold-responsive transcription factors (TFs) by correlation between proteome and phosphoproteome showed that cucumber regulated eight class TFs may through protein phosphorylation under cold stress. Further combined with cold-related transcriptome found that cucumber phosphorylated eight class TFs, and mainly through targeting major hormone signal genes by bZIP TFs in response to cold stress, while EBR further increased these bZIP TFs (CsABI5.2 and CsABI5.5) phosphorylation level. In conclusion, the EBR mediated schematic of molecule response mechanisms in cucumber under cold stress was proposed.
Dynamos: from an astrophysical model to laboratory experiments

Magnetic field generation and evolution in celestial bodies — the subject matter of the theory of the dynamo — held Ya B Zeldovich's interest for years. Over the time since then, the study of the dynamo process has developed from a part of astrophysics and geophysics to a self-contained domain of physics, with the possibility of laboratory dynamo physics experiments. We give some theoretical background and discuss laboratory dynamo experiments (including those conducted in Russia), as well as their impact on dynamo theory and its astrophysical applications.
A Novel Compact Degenerate Dual-Mode Square Patch Filter using Cross H-Shaped Defected Ground Structure

A new degenerate dual-mode cut corner square patch resonator filter with defected ground structure (DGS) is investigated. The patch resonator is analyzed using full wave IE3D simulator. It has been shown that etching cross H-shaped slots in the ground beneath the square patch reduces significantly the patch area. Area saving of more than 80% can be easily achieved using the proposed structure. Compact size with low insertion loss and wide stopband filter is designed, analyzed, and tested. Simulation and experimental results agree well.
Bio-inspired artificial iridophores based on capillary origami: Fabrication and device characterization

Cephalopods have evolved complex optical mechanisms of dynamic skin color control based on mechanical actuation of micro-scale optical structures such as iridophores and chromatophores. In this work, we describe the design, fabrication, and characterization of bio-inspired artificial iridophores, which resemble microflowers with flexible reflective petals, based on capillary origami microstructures. Two methods of petal actuation have been demonstrated—one based on the electrowetting process and the other by volume change of the liquid droplet. These results were in good agreement with a model derived to characterize the actuation dynamics.
Three-wave coupling and parametric decay of kinetic Alfvén waves

The dynamic equation and coupling coefficient of the three-wave interaction among kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) are derived by use of plasma kinetic theory. Linear and nonlinear effects of finite ion Larmor radius are kept for arbitrary value of the ‘kinetic variable’ κ=k⊥ρi. The parametric decay KAW→KAW+KAWis investigated and the threshold amplitude for decay instability in a Maxwellian plasma is calculated. The growth rate of decay instability varies as k2⊥ in both limits κ2[Lt ]1 and κ2[Gt ]1. The main tendency of KAWs is towards nonlinear destabilization at very low wave amplitudes Bk/B0[lsim ]10−3. Two applications concerning KAW dynamics in the magnetosphere and in the solar corona show that three-wave resonant interaction among KAWs may be responsible for the turbulent character of their behaviour, often observed in space plasmas.
L 1 ‑penalized fraud detection support vector machines

Standard binary classifiers that maximize the overall accuracy fail in fraud detection where very few fraud cases are concealed within a large number of normal ones, as the best accuracy is often achieved by ignoring all fraud cases. In such a scenario, a natural alternative is what we refer to as a fraud-detection support vector machine, which never fails to detect fraud during training. In this article, we propose the L 1 -penalized fraud-detection SVM that is capable of efficiently detecting fraud cases and selecting informative variables simultaneously. We establish the piecewise linearity of the L 1 -penalized fraud detection SVM as a function of the regularization parameter and then develop an efficient algorithm for computing its entire regularization paths, greatly facilitating its tuning. The advantages of the L 1 -penalized fraud detection SVM and its path algorithm for fraud detection are numerically demonstrated using both simulated and real data sets.
Koala Genome Survey: An Open Data Resource to Improve Conservation Planning

Genome sequencing is a powerful tool that can inform the management of threatened species. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are a globally recognized species that captured the hearts and minds of the world during the 2019/2020 Australian megafires. In 2022, koalas were listed as ‘Endangered’ in Queensland, New South Wales, and the Australian Capital Territory. Populations have declined because of various threats such as land clearing, habitat fragmentation, and disease, all of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we present the Koala Genome Survey, an open data resource that was developed after the Australian megafires. A systematic review conducted in 2020 demonstrated that our understanding of genomic diversity within koala populations was scant, with only a handful of SNP studies conducted. Interrogating data showed that only 6 of 49 New South Wales areas of regional koala significance had meaningful genome-wide data, with only 7 locations in Queensland with SNP data and 4 locations in Victoria. In 2021, we launched the Koala Genome Survey to generate resequenced genomes across the Australian east coast. We have publicly released 430 koala genomes (average coverage: 32.25X, range: 11.3–66.8X) on the Amazon Web Services Open Data platform to accelerate research that can inform current and future conservation planning.
Pedestal suppression from compressed femtosecond pulses using a nonlinear fiber loop mirror

The compression of higher order soliton pulses in dispersion decreasing fibers (DDF's) generates ultrashort fundamental soliton-like pulses accompanied by a broad low-intensity pedestal component. In this paper, we investigate the subsequent removal of the pedestal using a nonlinear optical fiber loop mirror (NOLM) to produce high-quality pulses. The influence of higher order effects such as stimulated Raman scattering and third-order fiber dispersion on the pedestal removal from ultrashort pulses are considered, and the effectiveness of using dispersion-flattened fiber within the loop is shown. The technique is experimentally demonstrated for 540-fs pulses generated by compression in DDF. In this case, high-quality pulses are produced by pedestal removal using a NOLM constructed from dispersion-shifted fiber.