Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimally Supervised Contextual Inference from Human Mobility: An Iterative Collaborative Distillation Framework

The context about trips and users from mobility data is valuable for mobile service providers to understand their customers and improve their services. Existing inference methods require a large number of labels for training, which is hard to meet in practice. In this paper, we study a more practical yet challenging setting—contextual inference using mobility data with minimal supervision (i.e., a few labels per class and massive unlabeled data). A typical solution is to apply semi-supervised methods that follow a self-training framework to bootstrap a model based on all features. However, using a limited labeled set brings high risk of overfitting to self-training, leading to unsatisfactory performance. We propose a novel collaborative distillation framework STCOLAB. It sequentially trains spatial and temporal modules at each iteration following the supervision of ground-truth labels. In addition, it distills knowledge to the module being trained using the logits produced by the latest trained module of the other modality, thereby mutually calibrating the two modules and combining the knowledge from both modalities. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets show STCOLAB achieves significantly more accurate contextual inference than various baselines.
A Thin Elastic NFC Forum Type 1 Compatible RFID Tag

The article describes a novel concept of constructing a flexible near-field communication (NFC) demonstrator of an radio frequency identification (RFID) tag in an InGaZnO (IGZO) process. Demand for such solutions appears in retail automation—it allows delivery process tracking and quick ordering of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCGs), where the IoT system is a part of smart packaging. The proposed RFID tag was fully implemented in an IGZO process with three available electronic primitives, i.e., an N-metal oxide semiconductor (NMOS) transistor, a capacitor, and a resistor. This is the first, to our knowledge, IGZO flexible RFID circuit compatible with NFC Type-1 readers, fully supplied from an RF field and of a commercially acceptable size. The article shows that even with highly limited process resources, it is possible to implement a demonstrator that can handle the NFC Type-1 protocol, i.e., it can detect the command received from a reader and prepare a response with proper timing. In the article, we paid special attention to the design of circuits responsible for energy harvesting, carrier modulation and demodulation, and data synchronicity.
Shell injuries, repair and malformation in the early Cambrian mollusc Helcionella antiqua from Scania, Sweden

ABSTRACT Three cases of repaired injuries and malformation in specimens of the helcionelloid mollusc Helcionella antiqua (Kiær, 1917) from the lower Cambrian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) Gislöv Formation of southern Sweden document some of the oldest known durophagous attacks on Palaeozoic molluscs. Two of the injuries are developed as clefts, of which one had a severe effect on the continued growth of the shell. The third example is a large embayment removing large portions of the supra-apical part of the shell. A similar repaired injury is known in the slightly older mollusc Marocella mira Geyer, 1986. from Antarctica and Australia. The morphology of the injuries and the hydrodynamically quiet depositional setting suggests that the shell damage was caused by failed predatory attacks. The location of the repaired injuries suggests that the attacks may have targeted the head region of the molluscs, thus supporting an endogastrically coiled orientation of the shell in Helcionella. Only three repaired injuries in 252 Helcionella specimens were found, giving a shell repair frequency of 1.2%. All three examples occur in the larger size classes. The size-frequency distribution (N = 182) is strongly right skewed, which could suggest high input of juvenile specimens into the assemblage. The assemblage is interpreted as a time averaged and mixed death assemblage, albeit with good correspondence with the living shelly assemblage, due to a relatively thin, homogenous unit that may suggest within-habitat time averaging.
Urban health: Access to health care for vulnerable patients in the context of migration and detention

The research presented is within the context of urban health, and its objectives include: (1) To highlight the efforts made in Geneva in improving access to health care for vulnerable and disadvantaged populations, such as undocumented migrants and detainees; (2) To describe the sociodemographic and epidemiologic profile concerning the main morbidities of these populations; and (3) To outline future developments related to the research, generally concerning access to health care for these vulnerable populations in urban centers. Urban health includes two main aspects. One is the description of the health status of urban populations, and two, an understanding of urban health determinants with the aim to implement those interventions that promote good health. Since 2007 the majority of individuals live in cities, which has a major influence on all spheres of life, especially health. In Europe, the rural/urban transition occurred prior to 1950.1 Urban areas have higher proportions of migrants and other vulnerable populations and concentrate social inequalities. Access to health care for all residents is a fundamental human right. Its realization for vulnerable populations helps to increase social justice thereby serving not only the vulnerable but the entire community. Switzerland's cities have a substantial number of undocumented migrants, i.e., migrants without a legal residency permit. In the beginning of the 1990's they had no structured access to health care. In 1996 the creation of the “Unite Mobile de Soins Communautaires (UMSCO)”, a mobile health care unit attached to the Division of Primary Care of the Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), markedly improved access to health care for undocumented migrants in Geneva. Additionally, this unit improved our epidemiologic knowledge concerning this hard-to-reach and easy-to-miss population. Compared to the urban population with a residency permit, this undocumented population was found to have high rates of unintended pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) 8.0), delayed prenatal care (>12 weeks of amenorrhea) (OR 10.8), increased episodes of violence during pregnancy (OR 8.6), and elevated prevalence of chlamydia (5.8%) or chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi prevalence 12.8%). Undocumented Latin American migrants had a greater than fivefold risk (OR 5.5) of TB-related fibrotic signs on chest X-ray. From the perspective of infectious disease control it is particularly important for the urban community to have structures which are in contact with hard-to-reach populations.
Triboelectric Film Sensor for Integrity Monitoring of Bolted Joints

In this study, a concept and design of a self-powered sensor that utilizes a triboelectric effect to evaluate the condition of tensile bolted joints was proposed. Based on the fact that the triboelectric charge yields electrostatic voltage induced by the separation of the contacting rough surfaces, the proposed sensor is a film-shaped triboelectric sensor made of inexpensive materials being installed between the objects to be fastened. The principle of the sensor is that it detects microscale relative motions between the contacting surfaces against an external vibratory load when the integrity of the fastened joint is compromised due to a decrease in the bolt’s fastening force. In this study, we designed and fabricated triboelectric sensor and tested it on a tensile bolted joint specimen subjected to inertial vibratory loading, and it was experimentally shown that the output voltage amplitude of the sensor increased as the bolt’s fastening force decreased. In addition, a modeling study was performed to explain the unexpected decrease in voltage amplitude observed at medium preloads, by combining the triboelectric and mechanical models with the experimental results of two different external circuit configurations. Estimation of the triboelectric charge density at the contacting surfaces was performed, which was found to be consistent with the contact mechanics model assumed. Finally, the calculation of the sensor output voltage based on the presented mechanical/triboelectric model was provided, confirming the validity of the modeling study.
Prediction Mistakes in the Criminal Justice System: Evidence from Linking Prosecutor Surveys to Court Records*

In criminal cases, how often do mispredictions about future violent crime cause defendants to be incarcerated who could have been safely released — or, conversely, cause defendants to be released who later commit violent crime in their community? Identifying these predictions errors is challenging because decisions that appear to reflect mispredictions may instead reflect competing criminal-justice objectives (e.g., to extend second chances to young people despite their higher risk of violence). We overcome this identification challenge by linking an original survey of 162 North Carolina prosecutors to their 104,039 real-world cases. The survey elicits prosecutors’ beliefs about how rates of violent re-arrest vary with defendant age and criminal record. We find that prosecutors’ misperceptions increase relative incarceration rates for older defendants and those with longer criminal records. Our estimates imply that replacing a prosecutor in the bottom fifth of the accuracy distribution with a prosecutor from the top fifth would reduce violent re-arrest by 8.5 percent and incarceration by 5.4 percent. We further find that these gains would not come at the expense of increasing racial disparities.
The Clinical Efficacy of Kinesio Tape for Shoulder Pain : A Randomized , Double-Blinded , Clinical Trial

S houlder pain is a very common musculoskeletal complaint, and individuals with shoulder pain comprise a significant percentage of patients seeking medical attention. Lifetime prevalence of shoulder pain has been reported to range from 7% to 36% of the population.11,13 Rotator cuff pathology and subacromial impingement are among the most common diagnoses made in the shoulder region.11,19 The vast majority of
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Many lies that are intended to help others require the deceiver to make assumptions about whether lying serves others ’ best interests. In other words, lying often involves a paternalistic motive. Across seven studies ( N =2,260), we show that although targets appreciate lies that yield unequivocal bene ﬁ ts relative to honesty, they penalize paternalistic lies. We identify three mechanisms behind the harmful e ﬀ ects of paternalistic lies, ﬁ nding that targets believe that paternalistic liars (a) do not have benevolent intentions, (b) are violating their autonomy by lying, and (c) are inaccurately predicting their preferences. Importantly, targets ’ aversion towards paternalistic lies persists even when targets receive their preferred outcome as a result of a lie. Additionally, deceivers can mitigate some, but not all, of the harmful e ﬀ ects of paternalistic lies by directly communicating their good intentions. These results contribute to our understanding of deception and paternalistic policies.
On firm characteristics, profit shifting opportunities, and tax legislation as determinants of tax differentials

Using pairs of similar US and European firms listed on the S&P500 or StoxxEurope600, we examine effective tax differentials between US multinational corporations (MNCs) and their European peers. We show that statutory tax rates and profit shifting opportunities are important determinants of effective tax rates. Our findings suggest substantially lower total tax payments of US MNCs after the 2017 US tax reform. Based on past reforms of Controlled Foreign Company (CFC) rules and of the principle of worldwide taxation, we confirm that international tax legislation affects effective tax expenses. We also provide evidence for heterogeneity in firm responses: MNCs with profit shifting opportunities benefit most from more-lenient CFC rules. JEL Classification: H26, H32, F23
Développement d'une plate-forme de biopuce compatible avec le diagnostic moléculaire des maladies infectieuses

Biochip technology could allow rapid multiparametric diagnosis of infectious diseases and related antimicrobial resistance genes. Two aspects of biochips were studied during this project. First, to facilitate DNA or PNA capture probes design, we studied the impact on hybridisation signal of the position targeted by the probe. We observed that the length of the target’s non-hybridised overhangs had an influence on obtained hybridisation signal and that it could be responsible for false-negatives. Second, in order to contribute to the elimination of sample nucleic acids amplification and labelling before hybridisation, we developed a biochip made of PNA probes immobilised on a glass slides. This biochip allows detection using a soluble fluorescent cationic polythiophene that acts as hybridisation transducer.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes

Public discourse on current inequalities often invokes past injustice endured by minorities. This rhetoric also sometimes underlies contemporary equality policies. Drawing on social identity theory and the employment equity literature, we suggest that reminding people about past injustice against a disadvantaged group (e.g., women) can invoke social identity threat among advantaged group members (e.g., men) and undermine support for employment equity (EE) policies by fostering the belief that inequality no longer exists. We find support for our hypotheses in four studies examining Canadian (three studies) and American (one study) EE policies. Overall, we found that reminders of past injustice toward women undermined men’s support for an EE policy promoting women by heightening their denial of current gender discrimination. Supporting a social identity account, men’s responses were mediated by collective self-esteem, and were attenuated when threat was mitigated. Reminders of past injustice did not influence women’s support for the EE policy.
Terminal NK cell maturation is controlled by concerted actions of T-bet and Zeb 2 and is essential for melanoma rejection

2015 The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Exp. Med. 2015 Vol. 212 No. 12 2015–2025 www.jem. org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20150809 NK cells are innate lymphocytes with important roles in the defense against intracellular pathogens and in cancer immunosurveillance. They have the capacity to recognize and kill target cells through a limited set of surface receptors and through the release of cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes. NK cell development occurs mainly in the BM. After commitment to the NK cell lineage, NK cells undergo a maturation program (Huntington et al., 2007b). Three maturation intermediates can be defined on the basis of surface expression of CD27 and CD11b: CD11b−CD27+ NK cells (hereafter referred to as CD11b−, the most immature stage), CD11bCD27 (double positive [DP]), and CD11b+CD27− (CD27−, the most mature subset), respectively (Kim et al., 2002; Hayakawa and Smyth, 2006). During maturation, NK cells progressively lose their capacity to proliferate, acquire the full set of NK cell receptors as well as cytotoxic arsenal, and modify their trafficking machinery. In particular, they acquire sphingosine-1 phosphate receptor 5 (S1PR5), which allows their egress from the BM and LNs and their circulation through the blood (Walzer et al., 2007; Mayol et al., 2011). Natural killer (NK) cell maturation is a tightly controlled process that endows NK cells with functional competence and the capacity to recognize target cells. Here, we found that the transcription factor (TF) Zeb2 was the most highly induced TF during NK cell maturation. Zeb2 is known to control epithelial to mesenchymal transition, but its role in immune cells is mostly undefined. Targeted deletion of Zeb2 resulted in impaired NK cell maturation, survival, and exit from the bone marrow. NK cell function was preserved, but mice lacking Zeb2 in NK cells were more susceptible to B16 melanoma lung metastases. Reciprocally, ectopic expression of Zeb2 resulted in a higher frequency of mature NK cells in all organs. Moreover, the immature phenotype of Zeb2−/− NK cells closely resembled that of Tbx21−/− NK cells. This was caused by both a dependence of Zeb2 expression on T-bet and a probable cooperation of these factors in gene regulation. Transgenic expression of Zeb2 in Tbx21−/− NK cells partially restored a normal maturation, establishing that timely induction of Zeb2 by T-bet is an essential event during NK cell differentiation. Finally, this novel transcriptional cascade could also operate in human as T-bet and Zeb2 are similarly regulated in mouse and human NK cells. Terminal NK cell maturation is controlled by concerted actions of T-bet and Zeb2 and is essential for melanoma rejection
The association between vitamin D and COPD risk, severity, and exacerbation: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: In recent years, the pleiotropic roles of vitamin D have been highlighted in various diseases. However, the association between serum vitamin D and COPD is not well studied. This updated systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D and the risk, severity, and exacerbation of COPD. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and Weipu databases. The pooled risk estimates were standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for vitamin D levels and odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI for vitamin D deficiency. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed on latitude, body mass index, and assay method. Results: A total of 21 studies, including 4,818 COPD patients and 7,175 controls, were included. Meta-analysis showed that lower serum vitamin D levels were found in COPD patients than in controls (SMD: - 0.69, 95% CI: - 1.00, - 0.38, P , 0.001), especially in severe COPD (SMD: - 0.87, 95% CI: - 1.51, - 0.22, P = 0.001) and COPD exacerbation (SMD: - 0.43, 95% CI: - 0.70, - 0.15, P = 0.002). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased risk of COPD (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.64, P = 0.006) and with COPD severity (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.00, 4.00, P , 0.001) but not with COPD exacerbation (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.59, P = 0.326). Assay methods had significant influence on the heterogeneity of vitamin D deficiency and COPD risk. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with COPD risk, severity, and exacerbation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of COPD and severe COPD but not with COPD exacerbation. It is worth considering assay methods in the heterogeneity sources analysis of association between vitamin D deficiency and COPD.
A Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation of Nonthermal Biological Effects on Prenatal Development due to Radiation from Low Power Microwave Antennas

− This is an integrated study of the biological effects of pulse-modulated very low power density microwave radiation. It employs a combination of a computational model of the rat and extensive in vivo experiments on rat embryos, during embryogenesis and organogenesis. The whole investigation is further enhanced via an immunological and chemical investigation of the rats' organs. The whole study is one of the first to combine results obtained by the computational, the experimental and the biomolecular investigations and attempts a discussion on existing standards for protection from low power density, long-term electromagnetic field exposure.
Variations in Head and Neck Treatment Plan Quality Assessment Among Radiation Oncologists and Medical Physicists in a Single Radiotherapy Department

Background Agreement between planners and treating radiation oncologists (ROs) on plan quality criteria is essential for consistent planning. Differences between ROs and planning medical physicists (MPs) in perceived quality of head and neck cancer plans were assessed. Materials and Methods Five ROs and four MPs scored 65 plans for in total 15 patients. For each patient, the clinical (CLIN) plan and two or four alternative plans, generated with automated multi-criteria optimization (MCO), were included. There was always one MCO plan aiming at maximally adhering to clinical plan requirements, while the other MCO plans had a lower aimed quality. Scores were given as follows: 1–7 and 1–2, not acceptable; 3–5, acceptable if further planning would not resolve perceived weaknesses; and 6–7, straightway acceptable. One MP and one RO repeated plan scoring for intra-observer variation assessment. Results For the 36 unique observer pairs, the median percentage of plans for which the two observers agreed on a plan score (100% = 65 plans) was 27.7% [6.2, 40.0]. In the repeat scoring, agreements between first and second scoring were 52.3% and 40.0%, respectively. With a binary division between unacceptable (scores 1 and 2) and acceptable (3–7) plans, the median inter-observer agreement percentage was 78.5% [63.1, 86.2], while intra-observer agreements were 96.9% and 86.2%. There were no differences in observed agreements between RO–RO, MP–MP, and RO–MP pairs. Agreements for the highest-quality, automatically generated MCO plans were higher than for the CLIN plans. Conclusions Inter-observer differences in plan quality scores were substantial and could result in inconsistencies in generated treatment plans. Agreements among ROs were not better than between ROs and MPs, despite large differences in training and clinical role. High-quality automatically generated plans showed the best score agreements.
The structure of apathy symptoms

ABSTRACT Introduction Apathy is common in many neurological, psychiatric, and medical disorders and is related to a number of important clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, research on apathy is hindered by different ways of defining and measuring it, which has led to heterogeneity in research findings. Method The current study aimed to investigate the factor structure of apathy symptoms using a novel item pool. We examined whether the use of this item pool has incremental validity above and beyond a widely used measure in predicting cognition and everyday functioning. Participants included 249 informants who reported on an individual with (n = 210) or without (n = 39) a neurological or psychiatric condition. Results Results showed the best fitting model of apathy symptoms was a bifactor model with apathy as a general dimension and three specific symptom factors including reduced interest and initiative, reduced emotional and verbal expression, and reduced social engagement. Incremental validity in predicting cognition was demonstrated for this more robust assessment of apathy symptoms. Conclusions Results are most aligned with one set of proposed diagnostic criteria for apathy which differs from other criteria in that it does not distinguish between cognitive and behavioral symptoms and includes a separate social dimension. Future research could aim to replicate this model in additional clinical samples and explore the incremental validity of the newly developed Apathy Symptom Inventory (ASI) in comparison to other recently developed measures.