Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent warming in a 500-year palaeotemperature record from varved sediments, Upper Soper Lake, Baffin Island, Canada

Laminated sediments from Upper Soper Lake on southern Baffin Island provide a new 500-year record of temperature change in the Arctic. Radiometric dating, using 210Pb and Pu, shows that the light-and dark-coloured laminae couplets are annually deposited varves. Dark laminae thickness is strongly correlated to average June temperature from Kimmirut (r = 0.82), reflecting the influence of temperature on snowmelt and fluxes of runoff and suspended sediment. This relationship allowed the construction of a palaeotemperature record that documents large-amplitude interannual to decadal variability superimposed on distinct century-scale trends, including 2°C average warming and maximum temperatures during the 1900s. Similar patterns of change are seen in individual and regionally averaged palaeotemperature records from around the circum-Arctic. Upper Soper Lake records temperatures, rates of change and variance during the twentieth century that are all anomalously high within the context of the last 500 years, and outside the observed range of natural variability. Comparisons of Upper Soper Lake and Arctic average palaeotemperature to proxy-records of hypothesized forcing mechanisms suggest that the recent warming trend is mostly due to anthropogenic emissions of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The magnitude of the warming and decade-scale variability throughout the records, however, indicate that natural forcing mechanisms such as changing solar irradiance and volcanic activity, as well as positive feedbacks within the Arctic environment, also play an important role.
C linical Application of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy (ESWT) for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases is a field that is developing rapidly and attracting increasing attention. In the last 10 years, ESWT has become the treatment of choice for many orthopaedic disorders such as plantar fasciitis, lateral epicondylitis of the elbow, calcific tendinopathy of the shoulder and nonunion of long bone fractures. Evidence from basic research accredits the therapeutic outcome to biological effects. Most research into shock waves is focussed on understanding the mechanisms which result in a mechanosensitive feedback between the acoustic impulse and the stimulated cells, involving specific transduction pathways and gene expression. These concepts legitimate the potential role of ESWT in regenerative therapy and in treating other, new pathological conditions in which both incisive metabolic stimulation and angiogenesis are required, such as skin ulcers and “difficult” wounds, osteonecrosis or myocardial ischemia. Other research looks at further, more advanced clinical applications for ESWT, such as treating pathologies like muscle spasticity from neurological lesions, parodontopathies and cellulitis.
Initiation of the alternative pathway of murine complement by immune complexes is dependent on N-glycans in IgG antibodies.

OBJECTIVE Collagen antibody-induced arthritis in mice exhibits a requirement for amplification by the alternative pathway of complement. Although the alternative pathway is activated by spontaneous hydrolysis, it is not known whether this pathway can also be initiated directly by IgG antibodies in immune complexes (ICs). IgG lacking terminal sialic acid and galactose (G0 IgG) can activate the lectin pathway of complement, but it is not known if G0 IgG can also activate the classical or alternative pathway. The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanism of initiation of the alternative pathway of complement by ICs. METHODS We used adherent ICs containing bovine type II collagen (CII) and 4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to CII (adCII-IC). C3 activation was measured in the presence of sera from wild-type C57BL/6 mice or from mice deficient in informative complement components. The mAb were used intact or after enzyme digestion to create G0 IgG or to completely remove the N-glycan. RESULTS Both the classical and alternative pathways, but not the lectin pathway, mediated C3 activation induced by the adCII-IC. Mannose inhibited the alternative pathway-mediated C3 activation but had no effect on the classical pathway, and N-glycans in IgG were required by the alternative pathway but not the classical pathway. Both the classical and alternative pathways mediated C3 activation induced by G0 IgG. Mannose-binding lectin bound avidly to G0 IgG, but lectin pathway-mediated C3 activation was only slightly increased by G0 IgG. CONCLUSION The alternative pathway of complement is capable of initiating C3 activation induced by adCII-IC and requires the presence of N-glycans on the IgG. G0 IgG activates both the classical and alternative pathways more strongly than the lectin pathway.
Dehydroascorbate reductases and glutathione set a threshold for high light-induced accumulation

47 Plants require a high concentration of ascorbate as a redox buffer for survival under 48 stress conditions, such as high light. Dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs) are 49 enzymes that catalyze the reduction of DHA to ascorbate using reduced glutathione 50 (GSH) as an electron donor, allowing rapid ascorbate recycling. However, a recent 51 study using an Arabidopsis triple mutant lacking all three DHAR genes (herein called 52 ∆ dhar ) did not find evidence for their role in ascorbate recycling under oxidative stress. 53 To further study the function of DHARs, we generated ∆ dhar Arabidopsis plants as well 54 as a quadruple mutant line combining ∆ dhar with an additional vtc2 mutation that 55 causes ascorbate deficiency. Measurements of ascorbate in these mutants under low- or 56 high-light conditions indicated that DHARs have a non-negligible impact on full 57 ascorbate accumulation under high light, but that they are dispensable when ascorbate 58 concentrations are low to moderate. DHA 59 non-enzymatically, we used the pad2 mutant that contains approximately 30% of the 60 wild-type GSH level. The pad2 mutant accumulated ascorbate at a wild-type level under 61 high light; however, when the pad2 mutation was combined with ∆ dhar , there was near 62 complete inhibition of high light-dependent ascorbate accumulation. The lack of 63 ascorbate accumulation was consistent with a marked increase in the ascorbate 64 degradation product threonate. These findings indicate that ascorbate recycling capacity 65 is limited in ∆ dhar pad2 plants, and that both DHAR activity and GSH content set a 66 threshold for high light-induced ascorbate accumulation. redox cytosol The use of multiple transcription starts causes the dual targeting of Arabidopsis putative monodehydroascorbate reductase to both mitochondria and chloroplasts. Identification of PAD2 as a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase highlights the importance
Comparative Study of Glyceryl Trinitrate Ointment versus Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy in Management of Chronic Anal Fissure

Aims and Objectives: To prospectively evaluate and compare effectiveness of topical 0.2% glyceryl trinitrate ointment vs lateral internal sphincterotomy in treatment of patients with chronic anal fissure. Material and Methods: The study included a total of 50 patients presented with chronic anal fissure, divided into two groups by computer generated randomization. Group A included 25 patients with chronic anal fissure treated with local glyceryl trinitrate ointment 0.2% whereas Group B included 25 patients managed by lateral internal sphincterotomy.
The Gemini Planet Imager: First Light

The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a dedicated facility for directly imaging and spectroscopically characterizing extrasolar planets. It combines a very high-order adaptive optics system, a diﬀraction- suppressing coronagraph, and an integral ﬁeld spectrograph with low spectral resolution but high spatial resolution. Every aspect of GPI has been tuned for maximum sensitivity to faint planets near bright stars. During ﬁrst light observations, we achieved an esti- mated H band Strehl ratio of 0.89 and a 5- σ contrast of 10 6 at 0.75 arcseconds and 10 5 at 0.35 arcseconds. Observations of Beta Pic- toris clearly detect the planet, Beta Pictoris b, in a single 60-second exposure with minimal post-processing. Beta Pictoris b is observed at a separation of 434 ± 6 milli-arcseconds (mas) and position angle 211 . 8 ± 0 . 5 ◦ . Fitting the Keplerian orbit of Beta Pic b using the new position together with previous astrometry gives a factor of three improvement in most parameters over previous solutions. The planet orbits at a semi-major axis of 9 . 0 +0 . 8 − 0 . 4 AU near the 3:2 reso-nance with the previously-known 6 AU asteroidal belt and is aligned with the inner warped disk. The observations give a 4% posterior probability of a transit of the planet in late 2017. with light scattered by a variety of diﬀerent mechanisms and imperfections interacting coherently and varying on diﬀerent timescales. Atmospheric turbulence induces large wavefront phase errors (and smaller intensity ﬂuctuations.) These are corrected (imperfectly) by the adaptive optics (AO) system; the residual phase errors produce a halo of scattered light. In-stantaneously and monochromatically this halo is broken up into individual speckles. Over long exposures, these speckles
THE CIVILIZATIONS OF THE YAM: INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF MAN AND YAMS IN AFRICA AND THE INDO‐PACIFIC REGION

Τ Τ appears at first sight remarkable that the term " le civilization de Tignarne " -*should have been used independently by different authors to describe two farseparated areas of human culture. In West Africa the term was first used by Miege (1954) to describe the more easterly part of the forest zone of West Africa, between the Bandama River in central Ivory Coast and the Cameroon Mountain chain ; and between the drier parts of the savanna, around 8°-io° N. and the sea with its bordering swamps and lagoons. This area, also described as the West African " Yam Zone " (Coursey, 1965, 1967) depends for its staple food supplies on root and tuber crops, especially yams (Dioscorea spp.), in contrast to the areas to the north, where sorghums and millets provide the major staples, and to the west, where upland rice (Oryza glaberrima Stapf.) is dominant. The identical term has been used in the Pacific Ocean context (Haudricourt, 1964) to refer to at least parts of that area, based on Papuo-Melanesia but extending far out into the Pacific Ocean, where yams are major staple foods. The concept has been developed by Barrau (1963, 1965), the delimitations of this area of the Indo-Pacific being essentially as indicated by him. There are many differences between these two areas of the world, which outweigh the similarities. Nevertheless, on closer examination the application of this term to both is less surprising than it seems at first ; for in both the basis of the civilization is, in fact, the cultivation of yams. The introduction of new crops, especially sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. and cassava (Manihot esculenta Cranz.), and others of American origin, in recent times, has reduced the dominance of yams as the material basis of the subsistence of the people, but in former times in some places within living memory yams provided substantially the greater part of the staple food. This was reflected in both these areas in the large volume of ritual and magico-religious practices associated with almost every aspect of yam cultivation and storage. These civilizations were then based on the yam not only in a material sense ; the crop was also fundamental to the cultural life of the people, to at least as great a degree as were the grain crops in Mediterranean and Asiatic cultures. To those who have received their scientific education within the framework of the cultural heritage of Europe and the Mediterranean world as have virtually all
Organizational Knowledge Translation Strategies for Allied Health Professionals in Traumatology Settings: A Realist Review Protocol

Background: Knowledge translation (KT) is an important means of improving health service quality. Most research on the effectiveness of KT strategies has focused on individual strategies, i.e., those targeting directly the modification of allied health professionals’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, for example. In general, these strategies are moderately effective in changing practices (maximum 10% change). Effecting change in organizational contexts (e.g., change readiness, general and specific organizational capacity, organizational routines) is part of a promising new avenue to service quality improvement through the implementation of evidence-based practices.Methods: A realist review will be conducted to explore the various organizational KT strategy action mechanisms (how, why, for whom, to what extent and under what circumstances) with a view to facilitating the choice of effective strategies for sustainable implementation of evidence-based practice for allied health professionals in traumatology settings. The review will begin by presenting initial theories developed by the research team, followed by the search for evidence, the selection of literature on context-mechanism-outcome configurations related to organizational KT strategies, and end with a refinement of initial theories and a synthesis.Discussion: Using a systematic and rigorous method, this review will help guide decision makers and researchers in choosing the best organizational strategies to optimize the implementation of evidence-based practices.Registration: This protocol has been submitted for registration on the PROSPERO database on October 30, 2020 (ID: 216105).
Comparative study on nutritional status, food intake pattern and lifestyle between dialyzed and non-dialyzed kidney patients in Dhaka, Khulna and Rajshahi divisions of Bangladesh

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. As per nephrologists' estimation, the CKD population grows at approximately 5% annually and in 2022, over 29 million people will be afflicted with CKD in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to compare nutritional status, food intake pattern, and lifestyle between dialyzed and non-dialyzed kidney patients in Bangladesh. It was a cross-sectional comparative study of patients aged 18 to 85 year old to compare nutritional status, food intake pattern, and lifestyle between dialyzed and non-dialyzed kidney patients. Sample was conducted in three divisions Dhaka, Khulna and Rajshahi in Bangladesh. Data on food intake pattern, height, weight, GFR, other diseases along with kidney disease, physical activity, smoking and socioeconomic status etc. were collected from fifteen clinical centers and sometimes from household via in-person interviews. A total of 244 patients aged were selected among them 152 people were dialyzed patients and 92 people were Non-dialyzed patients. We found a relationship among dietary food habit, lifestyle factors and health outcomes such as chronic kidney disease progression, heart disease and death. Patients had a mean monthly family income of 23683.46, a mean monthly expenditure on food of 3815.2 and a mean monthly expenditure on treatment of 13317.69. According to our findings, highest dialysis patients were sedentary than non-dialysis patients were active at their active life (20-40 Years). From this study it was investigated that, 41.0% patients have not changed their addiction habit after diagnosis, where 20.1% dialysis patients and 20.9% non-dialysis patients have not changed their addiction habit totally. Another significant finding of this study was that dialysis patients had poor consumption from 16 groups. It can be highlighted that, the prevalence of the diseases were higher in urban people than rural people. This study suggests that additional research is needed to investigate the optimal dietary recommendations and body mass index levels to prevent disease progression and poor outcomes among individuals with CKD. The prevalence of HD-CKD and NDD-CKD can be said to be SES dependent. Chronic kidney disease and its complications, which involve most organ systems, can be prevented, but awareness and use of accurate methods are needed to enable timely diagnosis. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2017, 1 (1), 25-34
An evaluation of conduit conceptualizations and model performance

The karst research community has known that traditional numerical groundwater flow codes ignore the non-Darcian, dual-permeability components of flow that can occur in karst aquifers. In this study, the potential limitations of using such tools are quantified by evaluating the relative performances of 3 groundwater flow models at a test-site near Weeki Wachee, Florida, in the dualpermeability Upper Floridan aquifer. MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW-2005 Conduit Flow Process (CFP), a Darcian/non-Darcian, dual-permeability groundwater flow code recently developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, are used in this study. A monitoring program consisting of discharge measurements and high frequency data from 2 springs and monitoring wells penetrating the matrix and conduit networks of a karst aquifer was initiated to characterize the test-site and constrain new parameters introduced with MODFLOW-2005 CFP. The monitoring program spanned conditions prior to, during, and following convective and tropical storm activity, and a drought. Analytical estimates for Reynolds numbers, ranging from 10 to 10, suggest that turbulent flow occurs in portions of the underlying conduit network. The direction and magnitude of fluid exchange observed between the matrix and conduit network indicate the conduit network underlying the test-site drains the matrix. Head differences and observed responses in monitoring wells penetrating the matrix and conduit network indicate that the hydraulic conductivities between the 2 networks do not
Integrating remote sensing and geostatistics to estimate woody vegetation in an African savanna

Woody vegetation in a tropical savanna was predicted using an approach that integrates geostatistics and remote sensing. Field measurements of woody tree density and canopy cover were correlated with several texture indices and band ratios derived from SPOT5 image data. Next, variogram models were developed: one for the woody vegetation variables; one for the best SPOT5-derived vegetation index; and a cross-variogram between woody variables and SPOT5-derived index. The variogram parameters derived were then used in co-kriging model. The results obtained demonstrated that through co-kriging: (1) tree density interpolation error can be reduced (RMSEcv = 19 trees/400 m2, with cross validation R 2 = 0.74) when compared to ordinary kriging (RMSEcv = 28 trees/400 m2, with cross validation R 2 = 0.47) and stepwise linear regression (RMSE = 62 trees/400 m2, with R 2 = 0.41, calculated on an independent test dataset) and, (2) tree canopy cover interpolation error can be reduced (RMSEcv = 13 percent, with cross validation R 2 = 0.79) as compared to ordinary kriging (RMSEcv = 21 percent, with cross validation R 2 = 0.48) and stepwise linear regression (RMSE = 25 percent, with R 2 = 0.56, calculated on an independent test dataset). This study confirms the importance of considering spatial auto-correlation of regionalised variables, a widely overlooked aspect in remote sensing applications to vegetation studies.
Modern and Last Glacial Maximum eolian sedimentation patterns in the Atlantic Ocean interpreted from sediment iron oxide content

Eolian dust derived from the desert regions of North Africa is blown far into the tropical Atlantic Ocean by persistent easterly and northeasterly winds. In this paper, we demonstrate that the iron oxides, hematite and goethite, are a worthwhile addition to proxy monitors of eolian sedimentation in the tropical Atlantic. Iron oxides are identified by diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry, a technique capable of identifying these minerals in concentrations as low as 0.01% by weight. We analyze samples from both the modern and last glacial maximum (LGM) synoptic levels from 178 sample locations yielding a total of 356 samples distributed throughout the Atlantic Ocean. To determine the relative contribution of the iron oxides, we factor analyzed the modern and LGM levels as a single data set. The iron oxide factor explains about 25% of the variance in the combined core top and LGM data set. Mapped factor scores for the LGM and modern ocean indicate high iron oxide values are present in just two regions, one off eastern North America and the other off northwest Africa. In the region off eastern North America, iron oxide occurs primarily during the LGM as the previously noted “brick red lutite,” a unique sediment type derived from the erosion of Permo-Carboniferous red beds in Atlantic Canada. A larger, lobe-shaped area of iron oxide rich sediment is present off northwest Africa in both the modern and LGM levels. The modern iron oxide lobe is coincident with the distribution of eolian dust as determined by observations from ships, satellites, and analysis of air samples. During the LGM, iron oxides exhibit a similar distribution except the southern margin of the region shifts equatorward and iron oxide concentration increases.
Explaining Spatial Patterns of Innovation: Analytical and Synthetic Modes of Knowledge Creation in the Medicon Valley Life-Science Cluster

The authors address the dichotomy around ‘proximate’ and ‘distant’ learning processes by looking specifically at the characteristics of the knowledge-creation process. By way of suggesting an alternative conceptualization to the well-known tacit–codified knowledge dichotomy they propose a distinction between ‘analytical’ and ‘synthetic’ modes of knowledge creation. Analytical knowledge creation refers to the understanding and explaining of features of the (natural) world. Synthetic knowledge creation refers to the design or construction of something to attain functional goals. By applying this framework to qualitative empirics from the Medicon Valley life-science cluster, the authors demonstrate the complementarity of globally distributed analytical knowledge creation and locally oriented synthetic knowledge creation.