Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A novel power-on-reset circuit for passive UHF RFID tag chip

A novel power-on-reset (POR) circuit with simple architecture, small values of capacitances, ultra-lower power consumption, and self-adjustable delay time of reset pulse for passive UHF RFID tags is presented in this paper. A proposed delay element was adopted for the features of small capacitances and wide power supply rise time range. An inverter was used as a two-inputs logic device to simplify the architecture of the circuit. The technology used for design and simulation is SMIC 0.18 μm RF. Simulation results show that the circuit functions well under different process corners with different power supply rise time, and is able to generate a POR signal after the power supply is briefly powered off. The static power consumption is less than 30 pA. Moreover, the circuit operates properly along with other modules of analog front-end.
Prosthetic heart valve evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging q

Objective : To evaluate the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of velocity ﬁelds downstream of prosthetic aortic valves. Furthermore, to provide comparative data from bileaﬂet aortic valve prostheses in vitro and in patients. Methods : A pulsatile ﬂow loop was set up in a 7.0 Tesla MRI scanner to study ﬂuid velocity data downstream of a 25 mm aortic bileaﬂet heart valve prosthesis. Three dimensional surface plots of velocity ﬁelds were displayed. In six NYHA class I patients blood velocity proﬁles were studied downstream of their St. Jude Medical aortic valves using a 1.5 Tesla MRI whole-body scanner. Blood velocity data were displayed as mentioned above. Results : Fluid velocity proﬁles obtained from in vitro studies 0.25 valve diameter downstream of the valve exhibited signiﬁcant details about the cross sectional distribution of ﬂuid velocities. This distribution completely reﬂected the valve design. Blood velocity proﬁles in humans were considerably smoother and in some cases skewed with the highest velocities toward the anterior-right ascending aortic wall. Conclusion : Display and interpretation of ﬂuid and blood velocity data obtained downstream of prosthetic valves is feasible both in vitro and in vivo using the MRI technique. An in vitro model with a straight tube and the test valve oriented orthogonally to the long axis of the test tube does not entail ﬂuid velocity proﬁles which are compatible to those obtained from humans, probably due to the much more complex human geometry, and variable alignment of the valve with the ascending aorta. With the steadily improving quality of MRI scanners this technique has signiﬁcant potential for comparative in vitro and in vivo hemodynamic evaluation of heart valves. q 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
University of Birmingham Crystallisation in concentrated systems

Water crystallisation in concentrated systems has been studied using a combination of mathematical modelling and experimental work. Two different freezing models have been employed to describe primary and secondary mechanisms (i.e. non-seeded and seed-induced processes, respectively) in sucrose solutions up to 60% (w/w). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been employed to characterise the phase change of the binary water–sucrose system in primary processes, and the kinetic and thermodynamic parame-ters obtained were coupled to the heat transfer equation to obtain the product temperature distribution. A recently developed method has been also employed to measure crystal growth rates in seed-induced crystallisation systems. Simulated results for the secondary crystallisation mechanism were able to reproduce experimentally observed trends for growth rates. An evaluation of the energy consumption during freezing/crystallisation processes has been carried out to assess each mechanism performance (crystallisation will occur at temperatures approximately 20 ◦ C higher in seeded processes) considering different process conditions and product formulations (i.e. solids and air fractions).
UHI effects and strategies to improve outdoor thermal comfort in dense and old neighbourhoods

Modelling techniques have received growing attention as a tool to investigate the thermal comfort within a city, on the basis of which decision makers can set-up appropriate mitigation strategies. This research aims at studying the effectiveness of strategies for reducing the urban heat island-associated effects in dense and old neighborhoods considering, in particular, green roofs, cool roofs, cool pavements, green areas and urban renewal actions. Computer simulation was selected as the major methodology in this research; ENVI-met software was used under different scenarios for a case study consisting in an old neighborhood in the city of Avola. The investigation focused on evaluating the efficacy of each strategy for a condition corresponding to a typical summer heat wave. The results highlight that the cool pavements allow relevant improvements at the height of 1.50 m, with a temperature decrease up 1.15°C, whereas the other scenarios, given the relatively high density of the buildings, are able to improve outdoor conditions only at higher elevations. Reported results represent a guideline for the choice of UHI mitigation method that can help stakeholders involved in new urban assessment of old neighborhoods in Mediterranean climate. Peer-review under responsibility of KES International.
Biometrics Student Information Management System Using Voice Authentication

: Improving the students' management level by means of biometrics technology has a far-reaching significance to increase overall campus efficiencies for the university. This paper presents a smart campus solution that enables secured and seamless information flow across different user groups at Yangon Technological University (YTU) through a new, integrated, multi-channel solution. The proposed system is based on Interactive Voice Response (IVR) technology to provide speech-enabled responsive system to improve access control, reduce resource usage and prevent identity theft. For preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information and services of the university, voice biometric based user authentication technology is applied.
PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA

Anaemia is a condition that results in a lowering of haemoglobin levels (Hb) below that is considered to be normal for specific demographic groups [1]. In clinical terms anaemia is an insufficient mass of red blood cells circulating in the blood; whereas in public health terms anaemia is defined as a low haemoglobin concentration in blood, or less often, as a low haematocrit, the percentage of blood volume that consists of red blood cells [2]. The limits which define anaemia (table-1 & 2) [3]. Nutritional anaemias are caused when there is an inadequate body store of a specific nutrient needed for Hb synthesis. The most common nutrient deficiency is iron [4]. Iron plays an important role in the production of haemoglobin. Deficiency of iron result due to deficient-diet, decreased absorption, increased requirement in pregnancy and lactation, blood loss due to blood donation, menstruation & gastrointestinal reason, haemoglobinurea and pulmonary haemosiderosios [5]. Iron deficiency is defined as a condition in which there are no mobilizable iron stores and in which signs of a compromised supply of iron to tissues, including the erythron, are noted (3). Iron deficiency is ranked at the top of three global “hidden hungers” (Iron, Iodine and Vit A: sub clinical deficiency without visible signs of deficiency) with about one fifth of the world’s population is suffering from iron deficiency anaemia. [6]. Iron deficiency in its most severe form results in anaemia–IDA and since haemoglobin concentration is relatively easy to determine, the prevalence of anaemia has often been used as proxy of Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) [7]. When individual haemoglobin levels are below two standard deviations (-2SD / 5th percentile) of the distribution mean for haemoglobin in an otherwise normal population of the same gender and age who are living at the same altitude, iron deficiency anaemia is considered to be present. In a normal population, 2.5% of the population would be expected to be below this threshold. Hence, iron deficiency anaemia would be considered a public health problem only when the prevalence of haemoglobin concentration exceeds 5.0% of the population. A consultation group of WHO / UNICEF / UNU on iron deficiency anaemia purposed additional epidemiological criteria for assessing the severity and magnitude of nutritional anaemia in the population (table3) [3]. The WHO has also laid down the classification of countries with respect to the level of public health significance of anaemia: a prevalence of 15% is low, 15-40% is medium and >40% is high [4]. IDA prevalence studies are recommended to be based on a statistically selected random sample of the whole population but when this is not feasible the prevalence in high-risk groups provides a valid indication of the magnitude of the problem [8]. For every case of iron deficiency anaemia found in a population, there are thought to be at least two cases of iron deficiency [9].
Node Monitoring Algorithm with Piecewise Linear Function Approximation for Efficient LDPC Decoding

In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for reducing the complexity of LDPC code decoding by using node monitoring (NM) and Piecewise Linear Function Approximation (NP). This NM algorithm is based on a new node-threshold method, and the message passing algorithm. Piecewise linear function approximation is used to reduce the complexity for more. This algorithm was simulated in order to verify its efficiency. Simulation results show that the complexity of our NM algorithm is reduced to about 20%, compared with thoes of well-known method.
Study and Simulation of Seven Level - Ten Switch Inverter Topology

Compared to conventional two-level inverter, multilevel inverter performance is high because of their reduced harmonic distortion, less electromagnetic interference, reduced common mode voltage and higher dc link voltages. However complex pulse width modulation control, balancing of capacitor voltages & increased number of switches are main drawbacks of multilevel inverter.This paper focuses on study and simulation of single phase seven level inverter topology using only ten switches. This paper also presents two different control techniques for seven level-ten switch inverter topology.R-load is connected to inverter and simulation is performed using MATLAB/Simulink Software. devices at line frequency. Therefore, there is no need for all switches to work in high frequency which leads to simpler and more reliable control of the inverter. Two different control techniques are used in this paper to drive the inverter . The simulation results of the seven level-ten switch inverter topology are presented.
One LTE LB and two conjoined LTE M/HB MIMO antennas with a compact symmetric frame structure at the short edge of the metal‐framed smartphone

The metal‐frame long‐term evolution (LTE) antennas with a compact symmetric frame structure at the short edge of the metal‐framed smartphone are presented. The proposed metal‐frame antennas cover the LTE low band (LB) in 824~960 MHz and two LTE middle/high bands (M/HBs) in 1710~2690 MHz. The LTE LB antenna uses a short metal‐frame section of 41.8 mm (about 0.12 wavelength at 824 MHz). The two LTE M/HB antennas together use a continuous metal‐frame section of 41.8 mm (about 0.24 wavelength at 1710 MHz), same as the LTE LB antenna. The two LTE M/HB antennas show low envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.1 in 1710~2690 MHz, owing to using a capacitor‐loaded shorting strip for the two antennas conjoined to achieve a compact and decoupled structure. The low ECC allows the two LTE M/HB antennas to be promising for 2 × 2 multi‐input multi‐output operation.
Suppressing Hedgehog signaling reverses drug resistance of refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Background: Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of tumors. By performing gene chip analysis, we predicted that Hh signaling might regulate multiple downstream pathways in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Methods: In this study, the potential role of the Hh pathway in refractory AML, and the impact of Hh expression on clinical prognosis were examined. We also investigated the role of the Hh inhibitor NVP-LDE225 in reversing drug resistance of refractory primary AML cells in vitro and the roles of multiple drug-resistant HL60/Adriamycin-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo (in a xenograft mouse model). Finally, we explored the underlying mechanisms. Results: Hh pathway was highly active in chemotherapy-resistant AML cells; by contrast, activation was less pronounced in chemosensitive cells and non-refractory primary cells. Strong activation of this pathway was associated with higher recurrence rates and poorer relapse-free and overall survival. NVP-LDE225 inhibited MRP1 protein expression, increased intracellular accumulation of Adriamycin, and reversed chemotherapeutic resistance. These effects were likely mediated through inhibition of the IGF-1R/Akt/MRP1 pathway. In the AML xenograft mouse model, NVP-LDE225 plus Adriamycin resulted in marked tumor regression. Conclusion: These ﬁ ndings suggest that targeting the Hh pathway might be a therapeutic avenue for overcoming MDR resistance and preventing refractory AML.
Collisional mechanism for GRB emission

Nuclear and Coulomb collisions in GRB jets create a hot e ± plasma. This collisional heating starts when the jet is still opaque and extends to the transparent region. The e ± plasma radiates its energy. As a result, a large fraction of the jet energy is converted to escaping radiation with a well-deﬁned spectrum. The process is simulated in detail using the known rates of collisions and accurate calculations of radiative transfer in the expanding jet. The result reproduces the spectra of observed GRBs that typically peak near 1 MeV and extend to much higher energies with a photon index β ∼ − 2 . 5 . This suggests that collisional heating may be the main mechanism for GRB emission. component (eq. 24) and the heating rate of this component (eq. 29). The code aims to ﬁnd the temperature of the thermalized e ± population T e ( r ) , the nonthermal tail of e ± distribution, and the radiation ﬁeld at all radii. The calculation is split into two parts: (i) global radiative transfer in a jet with a given e ± distribution function, and (ii) calculation of e ± distribution function for a given radiation ﬁeld. The consistency between parts (i) and (ii) is reached via iterations as explained below. Note that part (i) is a global problem, while part (ii) is local and can be solved separately at all radii. Temperature T e and the nonthermal tail of e ± distribution at a given r are determined by the local radiation ﬁeld, Coulomb heating rate, and e ± injection rate. Radiation has a Planck spectrum at early stages of jet expansion (i.e. at small radii), with the temperature determined by the initial size of the jet and its energy. In the simulations, the initial thermal radiation is sampled by a large number of Planck photons ( ∼ 10 9 ), which are injected at a small radius and their scattering is followed until the photons escape. The code can also simulate the injection of synchrotron photons and follow them together with the Planck photons. In this paper, only weakly magnetized simulations are presented, where Compton scattering is the dominant mechanism of spectrum formation, and synchrotron emission is neglected. Before the jet expands to transparency, the photons are multiply scattered and may be absorbed by the γ - γ reaction. In each scattering event, the scattering electron is randomly drawn from the local e ± distribution function, and the exact Compton cross section is used to randomly perform the scattering. The radiative transfer is calculated in the static lab frame, assuming that the plasma ﬂows in the radial direction with a bulk Lorentz factor Γ . Since Γ is large ( 10 2 − 10 3 in the simulations) essentially all photons ﬂow outward, and most of them have tiny angles θ ∼ Γ − 1 with respect to the radial direction. The radiation is essentially comoving with the plasma ﬂow.
Development of a method that quantifies the filtration efficiency of soft particles in drop-in fuels

The global carbon footprint is increasing with course of time. World is moving towards fossil free and reduce the dependency of fossil fuels tomeet their daily needs. Transportation industry is the major user of fossil fuels today and major contributor to the CO2 emissions which leads to global warming. Biofuels are promising and sustainable alternative to the fossil fuels. If biofuel is used in its pure form in the vehicles, it asks for engine modifications. Hence, the concept of drop-in fuels are introduced. Drop-in fuels are those fuels in which conventional fossil fuel is blended with biofuel. This blending leads to several advantages like less amount of unburnt hydrocarbons, less toxic and leads to better lubricity of the fuel. On the other hand, in case of blending fossil diesel in biodiesel lead to formation of insoluble organic compounds called as soft particles. These soft particles get accumulated on fuel filter and in turn reduce the amount of fuel entering the engine causing a pressure drop in the flow. This reduction in amount of fuel entering the engine leads to lower engine performance. The study conducted here was successful in developing a method to quantify the soft particles in drop-in fuels where B10 was used as test fuel. The earlier phase of the work comprises literature study on the contaminants in biofuels, working of fuel filters and on some chemical analysis techniques. Literature study is followed by series of experiments that guide through to successfully quantify the soft particles. The earlier stage of experiments included, finding a method to synthesize soft particles in a laboratory scale. This was followed by adding soft particles to fuel and making a synthetic test fluid. Analyzing the filter deposit after filtration helped to quantify the soft particles. The chemical analysis techniques likeGasChromatography andMass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used for analysis.
THE EFFECTS OF SMOKING INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS ON BONE TURNOVER

: Despite of clinical evidence of increased incidence of bone diseases amongst smokers as well as worsening recovery in orthopedic surgeries, it is still unclear which pathological mechanisms are induced by smoking and how these events impair bone turnover. Animal models and in vitro studies have been used to better elucidate these questions and smoking-induced oxidative stress have been pointed as playing crucial role in the worsening of bone cells activities leading bone damage. Oxidative stress is a physiological mechanism characterized by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants components. This imbalance leads cell damage and consequent release of inflammatory mediators, resulting in structural changes that impair the functionality of compromised organ. In this review, we summarize findings from clinical, animal models and in vitro studies that have elucidated the importance of the oxidative stress induced by smoking in different bone cells activities, leading bone mineral and organic matrix structural changes. Highlights: We present the newest findings in understanding the impact of smoking in bone matrix composition. Review the clinical and experimental evidence for smoking-induced oxidative stress potential roles in bone turnover. Descript future directions for research and clinical management.
DUAL RESONANT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING METAMATERIAL PLANAR STRUCTURES FOR S BAND AND C BAND APPLICATIONS

In this paper a dual band antenna operating in S band and C band is designed and developed with the help of metamaterial planar structure. Incorporating metamaterials in the conventional microstrip patch antenna improves the performance and reduce the size of the antenna. The proposed antenna has the dimension of 21.7mm X 20.4mm which is designed on FR4 substrate with microstrip line feeding. Further, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by varying substrate thickness. From the analysis, it is noticed that the proposed antenna has better performance when the substrate thickness is 1.6mm. It resonates at 2.7GHz, 7.5GHz with the return loss of -17.27dB, -29.63dB, respectively. It can be used for space communication (2.025GHz– 2.110GHz) and for RADAR applications.
Widening or Closing the Knowledge Gap? The Role of TV and Newspapers in Changing the Distribution of Political Knowledge

The public has gradually become more dependent on the mass media for their political information as alternative channels of political communication have been marginalized. Political knowledge is not equally distributed, and according to the knowledge gap hypothesis, the gap between the most and least knowledgeable is likely to widen due to the pattern of media consumption, the different content of printed media and TV, and the abilities of the audience as linked to educational differences. Most of the empirical research on the knowledge gap hypothesis has been done in the USA, a media system very different from those of the Nordic countries. The strong tradition of PB TV and the high rate of newspaper consumption make the Norwegian media environment favourable for political knowledge gain, but it may, for the very same reasons, lead to a widening knowledge gap, according to the knowledge gap hypothesis. In the present paper, the impacts of TV and newspaper consumption on the distribution of political knowledge are studied. Two hypotheses are tested: TV exposure as leveller and newspapers exposure as enhancer of the knowledge gap. The empirical analyses are based on the 1997, 2001 and 2005 Norwegian election studies.
Self-Similar Markov Processes

This note surveys some recent results on self-similar Markov pro- cesses. Since the research around the topic has been very rich during the last fifteen years we do not pretend to cover all the recent developments in the field, and hence we focus mainly in giving a panorama of the areas where the authors have made contributions.
KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY PROCESS IN THE IMAGE-SEGMENTATION DATA

-This paper discusses in detail the behavior of the different classification on image segmentation data. The result predicts the different aspects of the classification model. It is found that NNEG is the best classifier with accuracy of 96.2771%. ROC| max and ROC| min are computed for different classes and are found to be interesting