Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy of iron sulfides in CM1 and CI1 lithologies of the Kaidun breccia: Records of extreme to intense hydrothermal alteration

The polymict Kaidun microbreccia contains lithologies of C‐type chondrites with euhedral iron sulfide crystals of hydrothermal origin. Our FIB‐TEM study reveals that acicular sulfides in a CM1 lithology are composed of Fe‐rich pyrrhotite with nonintegral vacancy superstructures (NC‐pyrrhotite), troilite, and pentlandite, all showing distinct exsolution textures. Based on phase relations in the Fe‐Ni‐S system, we constrain the temperature of formation of the originally homogeneous monosulfide solid solution to the range of 100–300 °C. In some crystals the exsolution of pentlandite and the microtextural equilibration was incomplete, probably due to rapid cooling. We use thermodynamic modeling to constrain the physicochemical conditions of the extreme hydrothermal alteration in this lithology. Unless the CM1 lithology was sourced from a large depth in the parent body (internal pressure >85 bar) or the temperatures were in the lower range of the interval determined, the water was likely present as vapor. Previously described light δ34S compositions of sulfides in Kaidun's CM1 lithology are likely due to the loss of 34S‐enriched H2S during boiling. Platy sulfide crystals in an adjacent, intensely altered CI1 lithology are composed of Fe‐poor, monoclinic 4C‐pyrrhotite and NC‐pyrrhotite and probably formed at lower temperatures and higher fS2 relative to the CM1 lithology. However, a better understanding of the stability of Fe‐poor pyrrhotites at temperatures below 300 °C is required to better constrain these conditions.
Geoscience impact: a synthesis of studies of the Sudbury Structure

Geophysical probing results are synthesized into a three-dimensional framework necessary for understanding the genesis of the Sudbury Structure, based primarily on seismic reflection results centred on the Sudbury Igneous Complex. Remnants of crustal melting from a catastrophic meteorite impact are superimposed on the juxtaposition of mid-crustal rocks exhumed during the Archean against deformed Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks. Sedimentation, metamorphism, deformation, and metasomatic overprints are all part of the post-impact history of Sudbury and tend to dominate the geophysical response of the structure. Pre-impact deformation, although certainly preserved in some aspects of Sudbury geology, is not clearly expressed in the geophysical data, nor are any elements of impact-induced deformation. Geophysical views of the Sudbury Igneous Complex are thus somewhat biased in representing mostly the post-impact, but pre-Grenvillian history of the region, with the exception of igneous events. Establishing th.
An examination of the relationship between cool season tornadoes and cloud-to-ground lightning flashes

An Examination of the Relationship Between Cool Season Tornadoes and Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes. (December 2006) Douglas Allen Butts, Jr., B.S., University of South Alabama Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Larry D. Carey The southeast United States is prone to severe weather throughout the year. Despite technological advances, some severe weather events occasionally remain unwarned in this part of the country. Past studies examined the relationship between cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning and warm season severe weather episodes. The present study examined the relationship between cool season tornadoes and CG lightning, with a focus over the southeastern United States, where most cool season tornadoes occur. Data from the Storm Prediction Center and National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) were used to investigate CG lightning properties within 50 km and one hour before tornado touchdown. This was completed over a period of 13 cool seasons from October 1989 through March 2002. Of 3325 tornado events, 2358 contained at least one NLDN-detectable flash. CG lightning attributes of peak current, multiplicity, and flash density compared well with those of prior warm season lightning research. Overall event frequency appeared to be lower than in the warm season. Almost all Central Plains events were accompanied by at least one NLDN-detectable flash. Up to 70% of tornado events near the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts contained no NLDN-detectable lightning. Although it is not
Precise Radial Velocities Using Line Bisectors

We study the properties of line bisectors in the spectrum of the Sun-as-a-star, as observed using the Integrated Sunlight Spectrometer (ISS) of the SOLIS project. Our motivation is to determine whether changes in line shape due to magnetic modulation of photospheric convection can be separated from the 9 cm s−1 Doppler reflex of the Earth’s orbit. Measuring bisectors of 21 lines over a full solar cycle, our results overwhelmingly indicate that solar magnetic activity modulates photospheric convection so as to reduce the asymmetries of line profiles in the spectrum of the Sun-as-a-star (having both C-shaped and reversed-C-shaped bisectors). However, some lines are constant or have variations in shape that are too small to measure. We inject a 9 cm s−1 radial velocity signal with a 1 yr period into the ISS spectra. Informed by a principal component analysis of the bisectors, we fit the most significant components to the bisectors of each line by linear regression, including a zero-point offset in velocity that is intended to capture the injected radial velocity signal. Averaging over lines, we are able to recover that signal to solid statistical significance in the presence of much larger changes in the line shapes. Although our work has limitations (that we discuss), we establish that changes in absorption line shapes do not in themselves prevent the detection of an Earth-like planet orbiting a Sun-like star using precise radial velocity techniques.
Conservation Easements and the Public Good: Preserving the Environment on Private Lands

This article underscores the importance of privately held lands in protecting ecosystems and biodiversity and demonstrates the power of conservation easements to protect such lands by encouraging landowners to act in ways that further both their own self-interest and the public good. This article explores how land trusts use conservation easements to preserve the natural environment on private lands through five case studies? the Montana Land Reliance in Montana, the Jackson Hole Land Trust in Wyoming, the Marin Agricultural Land Trust in California, The Nature Conservancy's land conservation efforts in California, and the Asphepoo, Combahee, and Edisto Basin project in South Carolina. These case studies demonstrate the critical role that private lands play in preserving larger regional ecosystems and illustrate how conservation easements protect the environment on private lands and enhance ecosystems on public lands.
Regional overview of deep sedimentary thermal gradients of the geopressured zone of the Texas–Louisiana continental shelf

Nearly 600 bottom-hole temperature data from the northern continental shelf of the Gulf of Mexico, each corrected for drilling disturbance, yielded a regional map of geothermal gradient down to approximately 6 km (3.7 mi) sub–sea floor. Two geographic trends can be seen on the map. First, from east to west, the geothermal gradient changes from values between 0.025 and 0.03 K/m (0.014 and 0.016°F/ft) off the Alabama–Mississippi shore to lower values of 0.015–0.025 K/m (0.008–0.014°F/ft) off eastern Louisiana and to higher values of 0.03–0.06 K/m (0.016–0.033°F/ft) off western Louisiana through Texas. Second, thermal gradients tend to be lower toward the outer continental shelf (less than 0.02 K/m [0.0112°F/ft]). We believe that the observed variations are primarily attributable to the thermal effect of rapid and regionally variable sediment accumulation during the Cenozoic era, which resulted in the occurrence of the geopressured zone in the Texas–Louisiana shelf. In the eastern Louisiana shelf, where accumulation was fastest, sediments down to about 6 km (3.7 mi) are relatively young (about
Sub-GeV millicharge dark matter from the $U(1)_X$ hidden sector

We conduct a comprehensive study on the sub-GeV millicharge dark matter produced through the freeze-in mechanism. We discuss in general the mixing mechanism, encompassing both kinetic mixing and mass mixing, between the $U(1)_X$ hidden sector and the standard model, which can generate millicharge carried by the dark fermions from the hidden sector. We discuss in depth how such millicharge is generated, and clarify several misunderstandings regarding this subject in the literature. Without employing an effective field theory approach, where the photon field directly mixed with the additional $U(1)$, we analyze a general renormalizable model and investigate the complete evolution of the hidden sector particles. Due to the substantial self-interactions among hidden sector particles, the evolution of the hidden sector temperature plays a crucial role, which is addressed concurrently with the number densities of hidden sector particles by solving a set of coupled Boltzmann equations. We thoroughly examine eight benchmark models from six distinct cases. Some of our key findings from the analysis of these benchmark models may be generalizable and applicable to broader freeze-in scenarios. We also explore the possibility that the $\mathcal{O}$(keV) $U(1)_X$ dark photon is a viable dark matter candidate, even though it can contribute at most $\sim 5\%$ to the total observed dark matter relic density.
Listeria monocytogenes: a promising vector for tumor immunotherapy

Cancer receives enduring international attention due to its extremely high morbidity and mortality. Immunotherapy, which is generally expected to overcome the limits of traditional treatments, serves as a promising direction for patients with recurrent or metastatic malignancies. Bacteria-based vectors such as Listeria monocytogenes take advantage of their unique characteristics, including preferential infection of host antigen presenting cells, intracellular growth within immune cells, and intercellular dissemination, to further improve the efficacy and minimize off-target effects of tailed immune treatments. Listeria monocytogenes can reshape the tumor microenvironment to bolster the anti-tumor effects both through the enhancement of T cells activity and a decrease in the frequency and population of immunosuppressive cells. Modified Listeria monocytogenes has been employed as a tool to elicit immune responses against different tumor cells. Currently, Listeria monocytogenes vaccine alone is insufficient to treat all patients effectively, which can be addressed if combined with other treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, reactivated adoptive cell therapy, and radiotherapy. This review summarizes the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of Listeria monocytogenes vaccine in anti-tumor immunity, and discusses the most concerned issues for future research.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: A Preliminary Analysis of its Likely Economic Impact in Australia

Since the pioneering surgery of Gustav Simon in 1871 and the first successful nephrolithotomy by Morris in 1880, renal and stone surgery have benefited from the introduction of new medical technologies. In recent years, percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy (PUL) has replaced open surgery for many patients, and in the last 2-3 years, the noninvasive removal of stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been suggested as a more cost-effective treatment because it can treat caliceal stones (PUL cannot), it requires a shorter length of stay than the alternative treatments, it has a lower mortality rate and complications rate, and it is likely to become an outpatient treatment in the not-too-distant future. At a U.S. FDA Panel Meeting in May 1984, case series of urinary stone treated by ESWL were presented from Grosshadern Clinic, Munich, Katharinen Hospital, Stuttgart, the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, and the Methodist Hospital, Houston. The results were uniform, with 90-100% of treatments successful, and only about 1% of patients requiring subsequent surgical stone removal. No side-effects were observed. Estimates of the incidence of all urinary calculi vary widely (Table 1). Despite the high capital cost of $2 million for ESWL, it is likely that at least one unit will be operating in Australia by late 1985. This paper briefly reviews the introduction of ESWL in other industrialized nations, identifies the types of evaluations of ESWL now under way, presents a framework for the analysis of the economic impact of ESWL, and presents some preliminary evidence of the likely impact of ESWL on health care costs in Australia.
The Impact of entrepreneurship education programs on entrepreneurial intentions: An application of the theory of planned behavior Master Thesis

Though many researchers have focused on entrepreneurship education, little research has been conducted on the precise effects and overall effectiveness of the entrepreneurship education programs. Drawing on the theory of planned behavior, this study investigates the impact of entrepreneurship programs on the entrepreneurial intention of students in higher education in the Netherlands. Data for this study is drawn from GUESSS (an international project investigating the entrepreneurial spirit of students worldwide). The results show that participants of entrepreneurship education programs are more likely to have higher intention (right or five years after their studies have been completed) to found their own businesses compared to nonparticipants. Furthermore, attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control mediate the aforementioned relationship. The findings of this report contribute both to the Theory of Planned Behavior and to the field of entrepreneurship education.
JAMMIN-GPT: Text-based Improvisation using LLMs in Ableton Live

We introduce a system that allows users of Ableton Live to create MIDI-clips by naming them with musical descriptions. Users can compose by typing the desired musical content directly in Ableton's clip view, which is then inserted by our integrated system. This allows users to stay in the flow of their creative process while quickly generating musical ideas. The system works by prompting ChatGPT to reply using one of several text-based musical formats, such as ABC notation, chord symbols, or drum tablature. This is an important step in integrating generative AI tools into pre-existing musical workflows, and could be valuable for content makers who prefer to express their creative vision through descriptive language. Code is available at https://github.com/supersational/JAMMIN-GPT.
Large time behaviour of solutions to the $N-$dimensional scalar conservation law under periodic perturbations with nonlinear degenerate viscosity

In this paper, we discuss the asymptotic behaviour of the weak solution to the Cauchy problem for the scalar viscous conservation law, with nonlinear Laplacian viscosity. Firstly, we obtain the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions when the initial data $u_0\in C^1(\mathbb R^N)\cap W^{1,\infty}(\mathbb R^N)$. Secondly, when $u_0$ is periodic, we prove the time-decay rate of the periodic solution and its gradient. At last, we study the long-time behaviour of perturbed solution to the Cauchy problem, in which the initial data is a $N-$d periodic perturbation around a planar rarefaction wave and obtain the time-decay rate of the perturbed solution approaching approximate planar rarefaction wave. The proof is given by technical energy methods and iteration technique.
Lake sediment coring in South Greenland in 1999

The transition from the last ice age to the Holocene was a period of extremely rapid and large climatic changes (Bjorck et al. 1998). Because of this, the period has attracted much attention by Quaternary workers since these fluctuations were first demonstrated by Danish scientists (Hartz & Milthers 1901; Iversen 1934, 1954). In the ice-free parts of Greenland, many attempts have been made over the past few decades to find sediments from this transitional period. Some radiocarbon dates on marine molluscs from the late-glacial have been published, but most are based on conventional dating of several shells that might represent a mixture of Holocene and interglacial material. Conventional radiocarbon dating of lake sediments has also produced a number of ‘late-glacial’ dates, but where checked by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating, the sediments have proved to be Holocene (Bjorck et al. 1994a, b). These sediments contain ‘old carbon’ in the form of coal fragments and reworked interglacial organic detritus. In 1999 we tried a new approach to locate late-glacial lake sediments in Greenland. In southernmost Greenland, the shelf is narrow and the land area relatively Lake sediment coring in South Greenland in 1999
Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Boiss and Thymus vulgaris Against Pathogenic Bacteria

Background and Objective: Considering the increasing tendency of public towards green consumption and the dangers of artificial additives, this study aimed to assess antibacterial activity of essential oils of Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Mentha piperita L . , Zataria multiflora Boiss and Thymus vulgaris against three important pathogenic and spoilage bacteria ( Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia carotovora and Escherichia coli ). Methods: After obtaining the essential oils from Magnolia Co., their antimicrobial activity was assessed using broth microdilution method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50, MIC90) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). All experiments were performed in triplicate and the data were analyzed using the GraphPad software and Duncan's new multiple range test. Results: All essential oils showed antimicrobial activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Increasing the concentration of essential oils from 0.01% to 4% (v/v) significantly enhancing the antibacterial activity. The statistical calculations and comparison of data showed that the essential oils of C. zeylanicum and Z. multiflora performed better compared to the other two essential oils, due to having lower values of MIC50 (≤0.1%), MIC90 (≤0.4%) and MBC (≤1%) (P <0.05). Conclusion: Considering the high antimicrobial activity of essential oils of C. zeylanicum and Z. multiflora , they can be used as effective food additives with fewer side effects. However, further studies are being conducted on the effectiveness of essential oils on the growth of other microorganisms and their results will be published soon.
Ultrastructural analysis of throat dermal tissue and chromatophore components in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is an important model for studying the evolution of nuptial coloration, but histological analyses of color are largely lacking. Previous analyses of one nuptial coloration trait, orange-red coloration along the body, have indicated carotenoids are the main pigment producing this color. In addition, recent gene expression studies found variation in the correlates of throat coloration between the sexes and between populations, raising the possibility of variation in the mechanisms underlying superficially similar coloration. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the histological correlates of color in the throat dermal tissue of threespine stickleback from Western North America, within and between sexes, populations, and ecotypes. Ultrastructural analysis revealed carotenoid-containing erythrophores to be the main chromatophore component associated with orange-red coloration in both males and females across populations. In individuals where some darkening of the throat tissue was present, with no obvious orange-red coloration, erythrophores were not detected. Melanophore presence was more population-specific in expression, including being the only chromatophore component detected in a population of darker fish. We found no dermal chromatophore units within colorless throat tissue. This work confirms the importance of carotenoids and the erythrophore in producing orange-red coloration across sexes, as well as melanin within the melanophore in producing darkened coloration, but does not reveal broad histological differences among populations with similar coloration.
City Research Online

In this paper we investigate the relationship between the geographic location of protestors attending demonstrations in the 2013 Vinegar protests in Brazil and the geographic location of users that tweeted the protests. We explored the overlap between different sources of geographic information from Twitter — namely geocode, hashtag, and user profile — provided by multiple samples drawn from a population of three million tweets related to the events and compared the data to the location of protestors attending the street demonstrations. We adjusted the data for the uneven distribution of the population and performed geospatial and spatial clustering analysis over sets of spatial locations. We found evidence for the hypotheses that users tweeting the protests are geographically distant from the street protests and that users from geographically isolated areas rely on Twitter hashtags to remotely engage in the demonstrations.
Negligible direct radiative forcing of basin‐scale climate by coccolithophore blooms

The water‐leaving radiance, defined as radiation from the sun reflected off particles in water and exiting the ocean surface back into the atmosphere and space, is often used to derive ocean‐colour information from remotely sensed data. However, it is in itself a measure of the amount of solar irradiance reflected by oceanic constituents and, therefore, not available to the Earth's heat reservoir (changes in which can affect the Earth's energy balance and climate). A strong influence on the water‐leaving radiance is observed from coccolithophore blooms, owing to the highly reflective calcareous platelets or coccoliths covering these marine algae. We analysed remotely sensed water‐leaving radiances (1998–1999) over the N. Atlantic, where the blooms are spatially and temporally most abundant, and found that the direct radiative forcing of climate between 402–565 nm (the major range of optical influence) by coccolithophores in this ocean is negligible (∼0.05 W m−2 mean annually). This is in contrast to what in situ or laboratory measurements on the immense local intensity of coccolithophore visible light scatter in the past two decades have led us to believe.
Does macroeconomic misery index matter in the micro firm-level earnings Management – performance nexus? Evidence from dynamic Panel threshold regression

Abstract Earnings management (EM) and its association with firm performance has been a subject of research interest for decades. This study re-examines the EM—firm performance nexus in a novel way using a nonlinear framework and introducing macro-economic misery index (MI) as a possible threshold variable in the analysis. 52 sampled non-financial listed firms are drawn from nine emerging sub-Saharan African countries spanning a period of 2007–2019. The study employs the dynamic panel threshold estimation approach in analyzing its models. By using MI as a threshold variable, the results show new findings of the performance effect of EM contingent on a uniquely identified MI threshold of 22.51. The study finds that the performance-enhancing effect of EM is realized only when a firm’s MI is below the identified threshold. Above this threshold, the effect of EM on performance is negligible or sometimes adverse. The estimated nonlinear effect of EM on firm performance and the threshold of MI can be benchmarks for Africa and other emerging countries. The findings suggest important implications for national governments in adopting policies that help to minimise the economic misery of the citizenry, as they would generally inure to the greater good of businesses and their varying stakeholders.