Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Optimizer Based on Grünwald–Letnikov Fractional Order Definition

In this paper, a deep learning optimization algorithm is proposed, which is based on the Grünwald–Letnikov (G-L) fractional order definition. An optimizer fractional calculus gradient descent based on the G-L fractional order definition (FCGD_G-L) is designed. Using the short-memory effect of the G-L fractional order definition, the derivation only needs 10 time steps. At the same time, via the transforming formula of the G-L fractional order definition, the Gamma function is eliminated. Thereby, it can achieve the unification of the fractional order and integer order in FCGD_G-L. To prevent the parameters falling into local optimum, a small disturbance is added in the unfolding process. According to the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and Adam, two optimizers’ fractional calculus stochastic gradient descent based on the G-L definition (FCSGD_G-L), and the fractional calculus Adam based on the G-L definition (FCAdam_G-L), are obtained. These optimizers are validated on two time series prediction tasks. With the analysis of train loss, related experiments show that FCGD_G-L has the faster convergence speed and better convergence accuracy than the conventional integer order optimizer. Because of the fractional order property, the optimizer exhibits stronger robustness and generalization ability. Through the test sets, using the saved optimal model to evaluate, FCGD_G-L also shows a better evaluation effect than the conventional integer order optimizer.
Vitamin D Fortification and Its Effect on Athletes’ Physical Improvement: A Mini Review

Poor vitamin D status is a widespread problem regardless of age and sex, emphasizing the necessity of new food sources to improve vitamin D levels. Currently, approximately 60% of dietary vitamin D consumption occurs via fortified foods. Vitamin D insufficiency (50–90%) is widespread according to age and region, despite different levels of sunlight exposure. The food industry must identify more effective strategies to increase normal dietary vitamin D intake and improve overall health. Strategies for vitamin D fortification include bioaddition, wherein a vitamin D-rich food source is added to staple foods during processes. These bioadditive strategies expand the range of vitamin D-containing foods and appeal to different preferences, cultures, and economic statuses. In several countries, vitamin D deficiency places athletes at a high risk of disease susceptibility. Due to low sun exposure, athletes in countries with higher and lower levels of sunlight have similar risks of vitamin D deficiency. In this review, we summarize recent technical advances to promote vitamin D utilization by humans during sports activities and in relation to the normal practices of athletes.
Insurance Companies Portfolio Optimization with Possibilities of Recovery after Ruin: A Case of Exponential Utility Function

In this paper, we propose and analyze the perturbed mathematical model for modeling the portfolio of insurance companies with possibilities of recovery after ruin. Return on investment and refinancing are used as approaches for overcoming ruin. The model is analyzed for different cases of possibilities of recovery after ruin within [0, 1]. The results indicate that the return on investment plays an important role in reducing the ultimate ruin and that as the possibility of recovery for insurance companies increases the return on investment reduces the ruin at a fast rate. Finally, the study recommends that all insurance companies should have well trained staff in risk management who can study the company’s portfolio and gives suggestions to managers on how to avoid or minimize ruin and how to recover in case ruin occurs.
VIIRS thermal emissive bands calibration algorithm and on-orbit performance

The Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) was launched October 28, 2011 on-board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) spacecraft as a primary sensor. It has 22 bands: 14 reflective solar bands (RSBs), 7 thermal emissive bands (TEBs) and a Day Night Band (DNB). There are 2 TEBs with a resolution of 371 m and 5 with 742 m which cover the spectral wavelengths between 3.7 to 12 μm. In addition to sea surface temperature (SST), a VIIRS Key Performance Parameter (KPP), the TEB detector dynamic range and spectral placement allow cloud, atmospheric and surface temperatures as well as water vapor to be measured. VIIRS TEB on-orbit calibration uses a quadratic algorithm with its calibration coefficients derived from pre-launch measurements and an on-board calibration blackbody (OBC BB) to provide scan-to-scan gain drift compensation. This paper will discuss the calibration methodology, OBC BB performance and stability, detector noise equivalent delta temperature and radiometric performance.
An Omnidirectional Printed Dipole Array Antenna with Shaped Radiation Pattern in the Elevation Plane

An omnidirectional printed dipole array antenna (OPDAA) suitable for the vehicle loaded mobile communication in the UHF is presented in this paper. This OPDAA consists of 1 × 4 printed dipoles of identical dimensions, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central feed twin-lines. The parameter design, feeding method and optimization process of the proposed OPDAA are presented. Effects of the spacing among the four double-sided dipoles on the performance of the antenna are also studied in detail. The experimental results show that good omnidirectional radiation with gain variations less than 0.7 dBi in the azimuth plane and the shaped radiation pattern in the elevation plane fit for the practical application of communication have been obtained. The impedance bandwidth of VSWR<1.5 reaches 3.5% and the measured maximum antenna gain across the operating frequency band is about 6.4–6.9 dBi. Hence the OPDAA is very suitable for the vehicle loaded mobile communication particularly communicating with the aerial objects.
Testing-Oriented Development and Open-Source Documentation of Interoperable Benchmark Models for Energy Systems

This article provides novel fundamental tools for the open-source design and documentation of benchmark network models. The procedure for model development is motivated and described in detail in all its different phases: after an initial discussion on the relevance of open-source benchmark models, particularly in the context of an interoperable power system, the general conceptual framework for model documentation, based on the holistic test description and PreCISE paradigms, is presented. Building up on this theoretical basis, the procedure for model development is structured according to a testing-oriented approach, providing clear examples on how to map and translate the proposed conceptual framework into a practical and complete model description. Finally, to demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the proposed method, a complete example of model documentation for a developed low-voltage network is described and validated in simulation. The complete model description is publicly available online as a guide and reference for the proposed model documentation procedure.
Convergence and periodic solutions for the input impedance of a standard ladder network

The input impedance of an infinite ladder network is computed by using the recursive relation and by assuming that the input impedance does not change when a new block is added to the network. However, this assumption is not true in general and standard textbooks do not always treat these networks correctly. This paper develops a general solution to obtain the input impedance of a standard ladder network of impedances and admittances for any number of blocks. Then, this result is used to provide the convergence condition for the infinite ladder network. The conditions which lead to periodic input impedance are exploited. It is shown that there are infinite numbers of periodic points and no paradoxical behaviour exists in the standard ladder network.
Dynamic observer-based robust control and fault detection for linear systems

This study is concerned with the design of dynamic observer-based robust controller that also facilitates the acquisition of information used for fault detection (FD) purpose in feedback control systems. Through introducing a weighting matrix, the combination of observer states is utilised to generate a residual signal to detect faults. The first technical contribution is to construct a new linearising change-of-variables that is able to convert the dynamic observer-based controller design problem into linear matrix inequality-based optimisation problem. The second one is to show that the proposed dynamic observer-based controller can achieve a better H∞ performance compared with the existing static (Luenberger) observer-based controller design approaches. Finally, via the simple residual structure, a convex fault detector design condition with some parameter matrices fixed is developed for guaranteeing the H− performance used to measure the fault sensitivity. An F-18 aircraft model is given to show the satisfactory FD performance and control performance.
A new malaria killer: Fc receptor gamma chain and PLZF identify NK cell subsets that correlate with reduced Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and increased antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity against opsonized infected RBCs.

Plasmodium falciparum (P.f) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide where symptoms and death occur as a result of the blood stage of the P.f. life cycle. To date, there is no effective blood stage malarial vaccine. Natural Killer (NK) cells are key players in the control of hematopoietic cancers and viral infections, however their role in blood stage malaria is unknown. We undertook a comprehensive analysis of NK cell phenotype and function in a cohort of subjects from a malaria clinical study in Mali, Africa. Using an unbiased analysis of different NK cell subsets, we found three major findings: 1. Fc receptor gamma chain (−) or PLZF (−) NK cells correlate with reduced parasitemia 2. Fc receptor gamma chain (−) NK cells correlate with protection from malaria symptoms 3. Fc receptor gamma chain (−) NK cells are enhanced for antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Antibodies are known to be protective in malaria, however the mechanism of this protection is still being elucidated. We hypothesized Fc receptor gamma chain (−) NK cells may be clearing opsonized, malaria-infected RBCs in vivo via ADCC. We show that Fc receptor gamma chain (−) NK cells specifically release lytic granules in response to opsonized, infected RBCs. This work indicates the host may increase the number of Fc receptor gamma chain (−) NK cells to aide in clearance of infected RBCs through ADCC. Because the antigens on the surface of infected RBCs are different than the invading parasite, these results could improve the identification of effective targets for blood stage vaccines.
Higher Paschen lines in the spectra of early-type stars

We present observed and computed line profiles of Paschen lines in two nearly atmospheric absorption-free spectral regions: 8350 to 8790 A and around the P7 line. We show that the Edmonds, Schluter & Wells semi-empirical theory of line broadening is suitable for the computation of higher members of the Paschen series. We compare the variations of the equivalent widths of P7 and P14 with CCD observations of a sample of O9.5 to A0 stars. It is shown that such spectral characteristics are well suited to the determination of atmospheric parameters of stars.
Bone Healing Gone Wrong: Pathological Fracture Healing and Non-Unions—Overview of Basic and Clinical Aspects and Systematic Review of Risk Factors

Bone healing is a multifarious process involving mesenchymal stem cells, osteoprogenitor cells, macrophages, osteoblasts and -clasts, and chondrocytes to restore the osseous tissue. Particularly in long bones including the tibia, clavicle, humerus and femur, this process fails in 2–10% of all fractures, with devastating effects for the patient and the healthcare system. Underlying reasons for this failure are manifold, from lack of biomechanical stability to impaired biological host conditions and wound-immanent intricacies. In this review, we describe the cellular components involved in impaired bone healing and how they interfere with the delicately orchestrated processes of bone repair and formation. We subsequently outline and weigh the risk factors for the development of non-unions that have been established in the literature. Therapeutic prospects are illustrated and put into clinical perspective, before the applicability of biomarkers is finally discussed.
Dielectric function in HgTe between 8 and 300°K

Reflectivity spectra of HgTe were measured in the spectral region from 80 to 600 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at temperatures between 8 and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The wave numbers of the transverse-optical phonon ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{TO}}=117$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and longitudinal-optical phonon ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{LO}}=132$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 8\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K were determined. The total dielectric function including the interband ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ contribution was analyzed. Plasmon-phonon dispersion diagrams were obtained. The theoretical analysis is compared with experimental results at all temperatures. Possible consequences of the adiabatic approximation breaking down in zero-gap semiconductors is examined. A new low-frequency mode is reported, its temperature dependence is given, and its origin is discussed from physicochemical arguments.
Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside Induces the Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer MKN-45 Cells through ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways

Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an active ingredient in anthocyanins, mainly exists in dark cereals. C3G was investigated for its effect on human gastric cancer (GC) cells, together with its molecular mechanism. The CCK-8 assay results showed that C3G had significant antiproliferative effects on GC cells, but it had little effect on normal cells. Western blot and flow cytometry results showed that C3G regulated the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase through the AKT signaling pathway, causing the cells to undergo apoptosis. Additionally, in MKN-45 cells, C3G markedly raised intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The wound healing assay and Transwell assay results showed that MKN-45 cell migration was significantly inhibited. Western blot results showed that the expression of E-cadherin protein was upregulated and the expressions of β-catenin, N-cadherin, and Vimentin were downregulated. Additionally, following N-acetylcysteine treatment, the expression levels of these proteins were reduced. In conclusion, C3G caused MKN-45 cells to undergo apoptosis; arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase; hindered cell migration; and activated the MAPK, STAT3, and NF-κB signaling pathways, by inducing an increase in ROS levels. Thus, C3G may be a promising new medication for the treatment of GC.
Water surface measurement in a shallow channel using the transmitted image of a grating

In this work, the measurement of the depth or shape of a shallow water channel using the transmitted image of a grating is discussed. A noncontact approach, using a simple optical system is described and the angle and depth of the refracting surface may thus be determined. Other applications include simulation of air flow in engineering systems.
Solar calibration and the ages of the old disk clusters M67, NGC 188, and NGC 6791

Theoretical isochrones have been constructed to derive the ages of the old disk star clusters M67, NGC 188, and NGC 6791. Ages were derived using Cox-Stewart opacities, and the LAOL opacities for the Ross-Aller and Grevesse mixtures. In each case, the models were calibrated using a standard solar model calibration in which the helium abundance Y is adjusted to match the solar luminosity at the solar age, and the mixing length parameter α is chosen to reproduce the solar radius. Such a calibration is independent of the uncertainties in the color of the Sun.
A novel preclinical immunocompetent CAR T cell mouse model for solid tumors

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells therapies have made substantial progress in treating blood cancers in humans. However, CAR T therapies currently have several limitations, including the lack of a persistent anti-tumor memory population to limit relapse and poor efficacy against solid tumors. Many studies on CAR T therapies have used immunocompromised xenograft mouse models, limiting the translational impact of the results. Furthermore, mouse models have largely focused on cancers in the blood while neglecting solid tumors. To improve the relevance of preclinical studies of CAR T cell therapy and to understand the mechanisms underlying some of the current CAR T therapy limitations, we have created a novel immunocompetent mouse model. This model consists of three components: murine CD8 T cells expressing the human CD19 CAR, syngeneic murine tumor cell lines expressing a truncated human CD19 (CD19t) serving as the tumor antigen, and an immunocompetent mouse tolerized to human CD19t and the CD19 CAR. Our results demonstrate that the CD19 CAR T cells can efficiently target the CD19t-expressing tumor lines. Furthermore, tolerized recipient mice do not reject implanted syngeneic CD19t-expressing tumors or adoptively transferred CD19 CAR-expressing T cells. This model now provides a platform to study the in vivo biology of CAR T cells with respect to localization, exhaustion, and functional reinvigoration; to investigate best approaches to treating multiple solid tumors with distinct microenvironments; and to test the preclinical efficacy of novel CAR T strategies.
Investigating the relationship between family ownership and operational performance after the IPO

The general trend shows that the operating performance before the IPO is better than the IPO year, and the performance continues to decline after the IPO year. The average family ownership percentage is 26.87%, with a minimum of 0% and a maximum of 78%. The average family ownership percentage is higher for small companies (28.07%) than for large companies (24.26%). Among the sectors, the consumer goods sector (n=70) registered the highest mean value of family ownership, with 30.14%, while the construction, real estate and plantations sector (n=37) had the lowest mean value of family ownership, with 21.87%. The analysis revealed two different time periods for post-IPOS performance, namely one year before and one year after IPOS. The second period is the average of three years before and after the IPOS. The result shows that both periods have no significant result.
Free energy calculations and solubility in water of organic molecules: a numerical relation through molecular dynamics

ABSTRACT Solubility in water, free energy of solvation (ΔG ) and free energy of hydration (ΔG ) were determined for 86 organic liquids using Molecular Dynamics simulations in order to find out the relation among these properties. Both, correlation between ΔG and solubility and correlation between ΔG and solubility are not clearly defined. However, by defining =ΔG G , it is found a numerical relation between and solubility. This result was verified for pentane, ethanol and, hexanol of three different force fields (TraPPE-UA, CHARMM and, GROMOS). Also, it was studied the relation of these properties by increasing hydrophobicity in a functional group through the number of carbon atoms of the hydrocarbon chain. In this last case, the mentioned relation was also found.
Models and Tools for Quality Approach in Public Administration in European Union

This paper focuses on the quality approach in public administration (PA) in the EU. The first section presents theoretical considerations on the modern approach to quality applicable in all areas of activity, including PA. The next two sections contain an overview of the policy and models on quality in PA promoted in the EU; the main measurement instruments and statistical data on the quality of government in the EU. The purpose of the study is to systematize information on the quality approach in the PA at the EU level, which will help academics, researchers and decision-makers better understand the quality models and tools currently used, and identify ways to improve them.
Optimization of resistive wall mode control in reversed field pinches

Feedback stabilization of magnetohydrodynamic modes in reversed field pinches is analysed for a set of discrete coils driven by voltage control. It is found that the resistive wall mode can be stabilized with a very simple controller structure and with acceptable voltages in the coils. These results are obtained by using a sufficient number of active coils and either sensors for the radial field or sensors for the poloidal or toroidal field placed inside the resistive wall. The result is robust with respect to variations in the plasma equilibrium. Poloidal and toroidal sensors placed outside the wall require a more complicated controller and very high voltages, and do not allow as good control performance as internal sensors.
Multiscale segmentation method for small inclusion detection in 3D industrial computed tomography

In this paper a new segmentation method for highly precise inclusion detection in 3D X-ray computed tomography (CT), based on multiresolution denoising methods, is presented. The aim of this work is the automatic 3D-segmentation of small graphite inclusions in cast iron samples. Industrial X-ray computed tomography of metallic samples often suffers from imaging artifacts (e.g. cupping effects) which result in unwanted background image structures, making automated segmentation a difficult task. Additionally, small spatial structures (inclusions and voids) are generally difficult to detect e.g. by standard region based methods like watershed segmentation. Finally, image noise (assuming a Poisson noise characteristic) and the large amount of 3D data have to be considered to obtain good results. The approach presented is based on image subtraction of two different representations of the image under consideration. The first image represents the low spatial frequency content derived by means of wavelet filtering based on the 'a trous' algorithm (i.e. the 'background' content) assuming standard Gaussian noise. The second image is derived by applying a multiresolution denoising scheme based on 'platelet'-filtering, which can produce highly accurate intensity and density estimates assuming Poisson noise. It is shown that the resulting arithmetic difference between these two images can give highly accurate segmentation results with respect to finding small spatial structures in heavily cluttered background structures. Experimental results of industrial CT measurements are presented showing the practicability and reliability of this approach for the proposed task.
A Miniaturized MIMO Antenna With Dual-Band for 5G Smartphone Application

In this paper, a dual-band multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with ceramic substrate is designed for the miniaturized application in 5G smartphone. The proposed method of miniaturization is different from the traditional ceramic loading technique. It is a new method which not only associated with the path extending technique but also combined with the parasitic sub method so that a 68% size miniaturization is achieved. The antenna prototype is fabricated to demonstrate the proposed method. The simulated and measured results indicate that the MIMO antenna has an excellent performance in the frequency band of 3.4 – 3.93 GHz & 4.5 – 5.3 GHz (reflection coefficients < −6 dB) where its isolations are over 10 dB, envelope correlation coefficients (ECCs) are lower than 0.23 and efficiencies are higher than 50%. At last, the on-body effects of the proposed design are analyzed to guarantee the robustness in practical application.