Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hydrogeology of the Golan basalt aquifer, Israel

Dafny, E. , Gvirtzman, H. , Burg, A. , Fleischer, L. 2003. The hydrogeology of the Golan basalt aquifer, Israel. Isr. J. Earth Sci. 52: 139–153. The Golan Heights, located in northeastern Israel, is a part of the Hauran volcanic province. Plio-Pleistocene basalt rocks, ascribed to the Bashan Group, cover its surface. The basalts serve as a regional aquifer that is exploited for local consumption. New deep wells provide better information about the aquifer thickness, hydraulic parameters, and water levels. The objectives of this research were to develop conceptual and numerical hydrogeology models for describing the flow field in the Golan basalt aquifer. In order to establish the aquifer base, a structural map of near base “Bashan Volcanics” was produced for the southern and central Golan, which was combined with a paleo-relief map of the northern Golan. The conceptual groundwater flow model defines all aquifer boundaries, its division into basins and sub-basins, its hydrological connection with deeper aquifers, and its water balance. The computerized MODFLOW model verified the conceptual flow model quantitatively, and the aquifer hydraulic properties were calculated and calibrated. The regional basalt aquifer extends only to the north and middle parts of the Golan; at the south, only perched horizons are found. The aquifer is divided into two basins according to the groundwater flow directions: toward the Kinneret–Hula, and toward the Yarmouk. The water divide in between lies east of the volcanic cones in the northern Golan, and curves westward to Nahal Daliyyot. The Kinneret–Hula basin is divided into two sub-basins by a pre-basaltic topographic ridge that serves as a hydraulic barrier. The Kinneret–Hula basin yields about 85 million m/y of fresh water on the average. It is discharged through the large springs on the western slopes of the Golan, and seeps toward Biq’at Bet Zayda (into Lake Kinneret), the Hermon River, the Jordan River, and the Yehudiyya plateau perennial streams.
Validation studies of EUMETSAT's active fire monitoring product over Turkey

Fire detection and monitoring are challenging tasks that require continuous, early and quick responses that are as accurate as possible. Satellite-based systems are indispensable tools for operational and research agencies to accomplish such a demanding task. The frequent and continuous imagery capability of the geostationary satellites makes them the best candidate for early fire detection systems. The main purpose of the present paper is to analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of active fire monitoring (FIR) products of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)’s Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite with in situ data for the summer of 2006 over Turkey. In situ data were obtained from the fire reports of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Turkey. The main shortcomings of the MSG active fire monitoring product validation arise from the pixel resolution and fire coverage, which are examined on the basis of some recent examples. The diurnal cycle of active fires identified well with the product. The burnt area effects on the accuracy of hit ratios were also analyzed. It is seen that the possibility for the fire to be detected by MSG increases with increasing burnt area. Even with the present anomalies, remote sensing may provide a consistent systematic way of monitoring fires, removing human biases and enabling a long-term dataset, which has been a goal of Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics (GOFC/GOLD).
OTEC submarine cable environmental characteristics and hazards analysis

This analysis focuses on submarine cable protection criteria and technology as applied to four potential OTEC plants and cable routes at Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam and Florida. The environmental characteristics are presented for each site as follows: (a) natural factors, such as location, tides, currents, wind, waves, bottom soil type, seafloor movement, and (b) man-made factors, such as ship traffic, fishing activities, ocean mining, and government regulations. These characteristics were studied in detail and significant hazards were identified. They are: chafe and corrosion, mudslide, earthquake, trawler fishing, dredging and ship-anchor dragging. An analysis of more than 1,000 submarine cable failures was also conducted. From these records, the probability analysis of damage related to water depth was determined. Probabilities of failures become minimal for all hazards in depths of 1,500 feet and more. Chafe and corrosion have the highest probability of causing damage to a submarine cable compared to the other hazards. Because of the hazards present at all sites, cable burial is recommended as the best means of protection.
Tectonic evolution of the Troodos Ophiolite within the Tethyan Framework

A new tectonic model reconciles conflicting structural and geochemical evidence for the origin of the Troodos ophiolite, a well-preserved remnant of Neotethyan oceanic crust. Grabens and normal faults within the sheeted dike complex and the extrusive sequence of the Troodos ophiolite resemble those of oceanic spreading centers. Diverse intrusive and tectonic contact relationships between the sheeted dike complex and the underlying plutonic sequence indicate multiple and episodic intrusion of magma and along- and across-strike variation in volcanic and tectonic activity during development of oceanic crust. Coupled with the existence of the Arakapas transform fault to the south, these structural and intrusive relationships suggest origin at an intersection between a spreading center and a transform fault. The arclike chemistry of sheeted dikes and related extrusive rocks and the inferred highly depleted and hydrous nature of the mantle source of the late stage intrusive and extrusive rocks argue, however, for generation of part of the ophiolite within a subduction zone environment. Regional reconstructions suggest that the Mesozoic Neotethys may have evolved as a marginal basin both to the Afro-Arabian continent and the Paleotethyan ocean over an active or recently active south dipping subduction zone. The Troodos ophiolite and other eastern Mediterranean ophiolites, whose magma compositions were affected by the subducted Paleotethyan slab, may have formed along east-west trending spreading centers separated by north-south trending transform faults within this marginal basin. A rapid change in relative plate motion in late Cretaceous time between Eurasia and Afro-Arabia created a regional compressive regime that may have resulted in plate boundary reorganizations within the Neotethyan realm and in initiation of north dipping subduction zone(s) beneath the Troodos and other ophiolites in the region. The apparent forearc setting of the Troodos ophiolite is a consequence of this intraoceanic displacement after its formation and thus is unrelated to its generation.
The reconstructed environment and absolute dating of SE-SZ-8 Lapita site on Nendö, Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands

The SE-SZ-8 site of Nanggu is a large Lapita site in the Reef/Santa Cruz group of the Southeast Solomon Islands. This paper provides a detailed discussion of its geomorphological and environmental context on Santa Cruz and the within site position of four marine shell dates from it, followed by a Bayesian analysis of the radiocarbon dating of the site. The analysis includes two new marine shell dates on additional species to overcome possible problems due to species selected for dating. Together these data indicate that despite recent critique of the sequence of the three excavated decorated Lapita sites (SE-SZ-8, SE-RF-2, SE-RF-6) proposed by Green (1991a) for the Reef/Santa Cruz Group there is little basis to suggest the Nanggu site is not both the oldest dated Lapita site in the sequence, but also earlier than any other so far identified within the period of early Lapita colonization of Remote Oceania.
The impact of media blame assignation on the EOC response to disaster: A case study of the response to the April 26, 1991, Andover (Kansas) Tornado

3 The Event. 4 Research Goal and Methodology. •••. •• 6 Did Media Reporting Influence EOC Decisions? • . 10 Content of Media's Reporting. • . •. ••. 19 Literature Based Analysis and Discussion of the Findings 21 Concluding Observations. • . • . • . • . • • . 27
The conservation of medicinal plants : proceedings of an international consultation, 21-27 March 1988, held at Chiang Mai, Thailand

Contributors Preface Acknowledgements The Chiang Mai Declaration Part I. Introduction: 1. Medicinal plants: policies and priorities O. Akerele 2. The joint IUCN-WWF plants conservation programme and its interest in medicinal plants O. Hamann Part II. The Issue of Medicinal Plants: 3. Global importance of medicinal plants N. R. Farnsworth and D. D. Soejarto 4. Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants - the search for new jungle medicines M. J. Plotkin 5. The reason for ethnobotanical conservation R. E. Schultes Part III. Science, Industry and Medicinal Plants: 6. Valuing the biodiversity of medicinal plants P. P. Principe 7. Economic aspects of exploitation of medicinal plants A. Husain 8. Industry and the conservation of medicinal plants A. Bonati 9. Information systems and databases for the conservation of medicinal plants H. Synge and V. Heywood Part IV. Techniques to Conserve Medicinal Plants: 10. Agronomy applied to medicinal plant conservation D. Palevitch 11. Biotechnology in the production and conservation of medicinal plants H. M. Schumacher 12. Enhancing the role of protected areas in conserving medicinal plants J. A. McNeely and J. W. Thorsell 13. Botanic gardens and the conservation of medicinal plants V. Heywood 14. The role of Chinese botanical gardens in conservation of medicinal plants He Shan-an and Cheng Zhong-ming Part V. Policies to Conserve Medicinal Plants: 15. Policies and organisation for medicinal plant conservation in Sri Lanka W. J. M. Lokubandara 16. Experience in the conservation of medicinal plants in Sri Lanka L. de Alwis 17. The conservation of medicinal plants used in primary health care in Thailand Pricha Desawadi 18. Medicinal plants and the law C. de Klemm 19. Let's stop talking to ourselves: the need for public awareness P. S. Wachtel 20. Germplasm, genetic erosion and the conservation of Indonesian medicinal plants M. A. Rifai and K. Kartawinata Part VI. Experiences from Programmes to Conserve Medicinal Plants: 21. Medicinal plants in India: approaches to exploitation and conservation S. K. Alok 22. The Chinese approach to medicinal plants - their utilisation and conservation Xiao Pei-gen 23. Conservation of medicinal plants in Kenya J. O. Kokwaro 24. Complexity and conservation of medicinal plants: anthropological cases from Peru and Indonesia C. Padoch, T. C. Jessup, H. Soedjito and K. Kartawinata 25. Utilisation of indigenous medicinal plants and their conservation in Bangladesh A. S. Islam 26. Development of a conservation policy on commercially exploited medicinal plants: a case study from Southern Africa A. B. Cunningham 27. Proposals for international collaboration O. Akerele.
Horizontal spectra of atmospheric tracers measured during the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program

Variance power spectra of potential temperature, ozone, carbon monoxide, and water vapor at airliner cruise altitudes are presented. These results are based on data collected aboard commercial airlines at cruise altitudes during the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP). The horizontal scales (wavelengths) resolved by these data extend from 2.6–2400 km for temperature, 10–2400 km for ozone, 150–3000 km for water vapor, and 300–2500 km for carbon monoxide. The results divide into two distinct regimes in most cases, with the transition found at 500- to 800-km wavelength. The long wavelength regime of temperature behaves as predicted by geostrophic turbulence theory, but only some of the chemical tracer results fit this model. At scales less than 500–800 km, spectral shapes of all tracers follow an approximately −5/3 power law dependence on wave number. At scales less than about 100 km, tropospheric ozone spectra follow a −1 power law. Spectral amplitudes of potential temperature and ozone are larger in the stratosphere than in the troposphere, while spectral amplitudes of carbon monoxide and water vapor are larger in the troposphere. The horizontal fluctuations giving rise to these spectra apparently result from that component of a spectrum of quasi-horizontal displacements which acts orthogonal to the background gradient of each tracer. Numerical checks support this hypothesis for each of the chemical tracers, assuming the tracers are horizontally stratified. Finally, it is found that the frequency distribution of ozone spectral magnitude at a given wave number is approximately lognormal.
Reaction Processes between Tholeiitic Melt and Residual Peridotite in the Uppermost Mantle: an Experimental Study at 0·8 GPa

We present the results of a series of anhydrous piston cylinder experiments that illustrate the mechanisms and implications of reaction between tholeiitic melt and depleted peridotite in the uppermost mantle. To simulate infiltration^reaction processes we have applied a three-layer setup in which a layer of primitive basaltic powder (‘melt layer’) is consecutively overlain by a ‘peridotite layer’ and a layer of vitreous carbon spheres (‘melt trap’). The peridotite layer is mixed from pure separates of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and spinel (Balmuccia peridotite), and San Carlos olivine.Two tholeiitic melt compositions, respectively with compositions in equilibrium with lherzolitic (ol, opx, cpx) and harzburgitic (ol, opx) residues after partial melting at 1·5 GPa, were employed. Melt from the melt layer is forced to move through the peridotite layer into the melt trap. Experiments were conducted at 0·8 GPa with peridotite of variable grain size, in the temperature range 1200^13208C and for run durations of 10 min to 92 h. In this P^T range, representing conditions encountered in the transition zone between the thermal boundary layer and the top of the asthenosphere below oceanic spreading centers, the melt is subjected to fractionation and the peridotite is partially melting (Ts � 12608C). Modal observations indicate a strong dependence between phase relations in the melt layer and changes in the modal abundances of the peridotite layer, as a function of both temperature and melt composition. Textural and compositional evidence, as well as modeling of Fe^Mg profiles in olivine, demonstrates that reaction between percolating melt and peridotite occurs by a combination of dissolution^reprecipitation and solid-state diffusion. Dissolution^reprecipitation leads to well-equilibrated phases whereas diffusional equilibration introduces zoning at experimental timescales.We discuss the observed reaction mechanisms and the consequent compositional changes in the light of local chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics. The results have direct implications for melt migration in upper-mantle thermal boundary layers.
Electrical conductivity mapping for precision farming

Precision farming overcomes the paradigm of uniform field treatment by site-specific data acquisition and treatment to cope with within-field variability. Precision farming heavily relies on spatially dense information about soil and crop status. While it is often difficult and expensive to obtain precise soil information by traditional soil sampling and laboratory analysis some geophysical methods offer means to obtain subsidiary data in an efficient way. In particular, geoelectrical soil mapping has become widely accepted in precision farming. At present it is the most successful geophysical method providing the spatial distribution of relevant agronomic information that enables us to determine management zones for precision farming. Much work has been done to test the applicability of existing geoelectrical methods and to develop measurement systems applicable in the context of precision farming. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to introduce the basic ideas of precision farming, to discuss current precision farming applied geoelectrical methods and instruments and to give an overview about our corresponding activities during recent years. Different experiments were performed both in the laboratory and in the field to estimate first, electrical conductivity affecting factors, second, relationships between direct push and surface measurements, third, the seasonal stability of electrical conductivity patterns and fourth, the relationship between plant yield and electrical conductivity. From the results of these experiments, we concluded that soil texture is a very dominant factor in electrical conductivity mapping. Soil moisture affects both the level and the dynamic range of electrical conductivity readings. Nevertheless, electrical conductivity measurements can be principally performed independent of season. However, electrical conductivity field mapping does not produce reliable maps of spatial particle size distribution of soils, e.g., necessary to generate input parameters for water and nutrient transport models. The missing step to achieve this aim may be to develop multi-sensor systems that allow adjusting the electrical conductivity measurement from the influence of different soil water contents.
Ghost detection and removal based on super-pixel grouping in exposure fusion

A novel multi-exposure images fusion method for dynamic scenes is proposed. The commonly used techniques for high dynamic range (HDR) imaging are based on the combination of multiple differently exposed images of the same scene. The drawback of these methods is that ghosting artifacts will be introduced into the final HDR image if the scene is not static. In this paper, a super-pixel grouping based method is proposed to detect the ghost in the image sequences. We introduce the zero mean normalized cross correlation (ZNCC) as a measure of similarity between a given exposure image and the reference. The calculation of ZNCC is implemented in super-pixel level, and the super-pixels which have low correlation with the reference are excluded by adjusting the weight maps for fusion. Without any prior information on camera response function or exposure settings, the proposed method generates low dynamic range (LDR) images which can be shown on conventional display devices directly with details preserving and ghost effects reduced. Experimental results show that the proposed method generates high quality images which have less ghost artifacts and provide a better visual quality than previous approaches.
Artificial Neural Network system applied to Human Resource Management

In this project we study how Artificial Neural Network can be applied to Human Resources by supporting users from XING, a career-oriented social network, to find the desired job, and also recruiters that use this resource to find the best candidate for a given job. Specially, an ANN is created, using NN Toolbox in Matlab, with the purpose of predicting those users that given an specific job offer are likely to interact by performing a bookmark or reply on the job post recommended. The sample used contains 714.800 user-item pairs with 19 inputs that give information about the users and the job posts and 1 output that determines wether the user has positively interact with the job offer or not. The ANN created is a two layer feed-forward network that uses Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm and with the correct number of neurons on the hidden layer does a good prediction. Further research can be done to improve Human Resource Management using data mining.
SEWS : un serveur d'évaluation orienté Web pour la syntaxe

RESUME. Les plates-formes d’evaluation sont a l’heure actuelle peu repandues et les enjeux qu’elles representent sont certainement sous-estimes, des lors qu’elles sont automatisees et proposees comme serveur Web : gain de temps, economies de moyens, progression plus rapide des systemes, rassemblement d’une communaute autour d’un meme paradigme d’evaluation; les avantages sont nombreux. Dans cet article, nous proposons une plate-forme pour evaluer automatiquement des systemes d’annotation syntaxique et relatons son deploiement en tant que service dans une campagne d’evaluation. Apres avoir dresse un etat de l’art des platesformes utilisees pour l’evaluation de systemes TAL et des outils disponibles pour la mise en place de serveurs Web, nous presentons notre plate-forme d’analyse syntaxique et sa mise en œuvre sous forme de serveur Web dans le projet PASSAGE, nous montrons ensuite l’interet de la generalisation d’un tel service a d’autres domaines du TAL.
An Appraisal of Soil Index Tests

Abstract The development of liquid and plastic limit tests is reviewed. It is confirmed that the fall cone method is more reliable and reproducible than the Casagrande method for the liquid limit, and this test is adequate for index purposes. The plastic limit has remained effectively unchanged for sixty years and there is no accepted alternative procedure. The Atterberg/Terzaghi rolling bead method is not of adequate reliability and reproducibility. It is proposed that the remoulded shear strength of a fine soil provides a rational basis for index tests. Extrusion and cones have been used to investigate simple methods and it is concluded that both approaches have potential, with the cone test probably being the simpler and more economical approach. Four clay soils were used in the investigation, and it is recommended that a wider range of plastic soils be tested to confirm or otherwise the validity of this approach to index testing.
Los mamíferos de la cuenca del río Chinchiná, en la región andina de Colombia

Resumen The Chinchina river basin, located on the western flank of the Central Cordillera of Colombia, has been transformed by human activity. However, the basin still holds a great richness of mammal species typical of the Colombian Andes, which is necessary to document and divulgate. The aim of this paper is to provide the richness, composition, and distribution of mammals that inhabit the Chinchina river basin. We only took into account the records of mammals that are supported with individuals or part of these deposited in scientific collections and / or pictures published that support the observation. We recorded a total of 99 species, distributed in 11 orders, 26 families and 67 genera. Of the mammals recorded, according to IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), four species are in the category Vulnerable (VU): Aotus lemurinus, Dinomys branickii, Leopardus tigrinus and Mazama rufina ; five are in the category Data Deficient (DD): Cabassous centralis, Histiotus humboldti, Nasuella olivacea, Sciurus pucheranii, Thomasomys bombycinus; and four are in the category Near Threatened (NT): Cuniculus taczanowskii, Sturnira aratathomasi, Sturnira oporaphilum and Vampyrum spectrum.