Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improvements of Inducer Inlet Backflow Characteristics Using 3-D Inverse Design Method

The three-dimensional inverse design method was applied to improve the inlet backflow characteristics of highly loaded turbopump inducers for a liquid hydrogen rocket engine. Flow mechanisms, both for conventional and inverse design inducers, were investigated experimentally by flow field measurements and flow visualization, as well as numerically by the application CFD. The conventional inducer, which had been designed for the H-IIA rocket LE-7A engine turbopump, had a strong inlet backflow at the design point. Optimizing the blade loading distribution using the 3-D inverse design method and a CFD analysis eliminated this inlet backflow. Water model tests confirmed the elimination of inlet backflow in the inverse design inducers. However, it was confirmed that the suppressed inlet backflow tended to make cavitation occur in the blade passages and reduced suction performance. Cavitation visualization and FFT analysis of unstable phenomena were also performed in this study.
FP7 FUPOL PROJECT – INNOVATION IN POLICY SCIENCE

Mathematically justified planning of policy is extremely important because any wrong decision can lead to serious consequences. It is no secret that mathematical modelling and other advanced analytical methods are rarely used for policy planning and decision impact forecasting because those require specific knowledge. The FP7 FUPOL project aims at a completely new approach to traditional policy analysis providing direct access for policy decision makers to domain uses cases modelling and verification on FUPOL Simulator and visualisation of the results in the form suitable for beneficiaries. Policy domain uses cases models are versatile, therefore architecture of the simulator must fit to the requirements of complexity and usability that determines involving heterogeneous agent-based and system dynamics simulation technologies and distributed simulation. The article deals with FUPOL approach in policy modelling and simulation, simulator designing, and sustainability assessment of provided technology. The FUPOL approach promotes simultaneously running of heterogeneous use case simulation models enhancing performance of simulation session. Belonging to open source spreads potential users’ network thus reducing errors in simulation and also in policy decision making. Web services SOA based architecture enhances integration with other decision making and service tools .
Distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria at a seabased solid waste disposal site and their role on insolubilization of heavy metal ions in leachate

廃棄物埋立地における硫酸還元菌の役割を明らかにするため, 浸出水中の硫酸還元菌の分布調査と硫酸還元菌による各種重金属の不溶化実験を行った。 調査場所として海面廃棄物処分場を選び, 内水面およびポーリング孔内水の硫酸還元菌数を測定したところ, 硫酸還元菌は地点, 水温や季節を問わず普遍的に存在することが示された。 硫酸還元菌を集積培養して合成培地を用いた重金属の不溶化実験を行ったところ, カドミウムと銅は24時間で, 鉄と亜鉛は48時間で不溶化したが, クロムは48時間後でも16. 1%しか不溶化しなかった。 カドミウムを用いた不溶化実験で生成された沈澱物をSEMおよびEDXで解析すると, 硫化カドミウムであることが証明できた。 これらから, 硫酸還元菌は廃棄物埋立地における重金属の不溶化に関与していることが示唆された。
Applying the PROSPER prevention delivery system with middle schools: Emerging adulthood effects on substance misuse and conduct problem behaviors through 14 years past baseline

Abstract This study evaluated emerging adult effects of the PROmoting School‐Community‐University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience (PROSPER) universal prevention delivery system implemented in middle schools. Twenty‐eight rural school districts were randomized to intervention and control conditions, with 1985 nineteen‐year‐old participants (90.6% White, 54.1% female) evaluated through age 25. Intent‐to‐treat, multi‐level, point‐in‐time analyses of covariance and growth analyses were conducted. Outcomes were assessed with self‐report measures of substance misuse (lifetime, current, frequency) and conduct problem behaviors. Analyses showed very limited point‐in‐time effects; there were growth pattern effects on measures of illicit drugs, non‐prescribed drugs, cigarettes, and drug problems. When risk moderation was observed, it favored higher‐risk participants. These emerging adult effects concerning slower growth of lifetime misuse combine with more robust adolescent stage findings to support PROSPER’s public health value.
Selective Prediction With Long Short-term Memory Using Unit-Wise Batch Standardization for Time Series Health Data Sets: Algorithm Development and Validation

Background In any health care system, both the classification of data and the confidence level of such classifications are important. Therefore, a selective prediction model is required to classify time series health data according to confidence levels of prediction. Objective This study aims to develop a method using long short-term memory (LSTM) models with a reject option for time series health data classification. Methods An existing selective prediction method was adopted to implement an option for rejecting a classification output in LSTM models. However, a conventional selection function approach to LSTM does not achieve acceptable performance during learning stages. To tackle this problem, we proposed a unit-wise batch standardization that attempts to normalize each hidden unit in LSTM to apply the structural characteristics of LSTM models that concern the selection function. Results The ability of our method to approximate the target confidence level was compared by coverage violations for 2 time series of health data sets consisting of human activity and arrhythmia. For both data sets, our approach yielded lower average coverage violations (0.98% and 1.79% for each data set) than those of the conventional approach. In addition, the classification performance when using the reject option was compared with that of other normalization methods. Our method demonstrated superior performance for selective risk (12.63% and 17.82% for each data set), false-positive rates (2.09% and 5.8% for each data set), and false-negative rates (10.58% and 17.24% for each data set). Conclusions Our normalization approach can help make selective predictions for time series health data. We expect this technique to enhance the confidence of users in classification systems and improve collaborative efforts between humans and artificial intelligence in the medical field through the use of classification that considers confidence.
Fall arrest strategy training improves upper body response time compared to standard fall prevention exercise in older women: A randomized trial

Introduction Exercise can decrease fall risk in older adults but less is known about training to reduce injury risk in the event a fall is unavoidable. The purpose of this study was to compare standard fall prevention exercises to novel Fall Arrest Strategy Training (FAST); exercises designed to improve upper body capacity to reduce fall-injury risk in older women. Method Forty women (mean age 74.5 years) participated in either Standard (n = 19) or FAST (n = 21) twice per week for 12 weeks. Both interventions included lower body strength, balance, walking practice, agility and education. FAST added exercises designed to enhance forward landing and descent control such as upper body strengthening, speed and practice of landing and descent on outstretched hands. Results Both FAST and Standard significantly improved strength, mobility, balance, and fall risk factors from pre to post-intervention. There was a significant time by group interaction effect for upper body response time where FAST improved but Standard did not (p = 0.038). Discussion FAST resulted in similar gains in factors that reduce fall risk as a standard fall prevention program; with the additional benefit of improving speed of arm protective responses; a factor that may help enhance landing position and reduce injury risks such as head impact during a forward fall.
HIDING VOICE DATA IN CENTER DENSITY OF SPEECH SPECTRUM FOR SECURE TRANSMISSION

Speech data is becoming an effective and indispensable way for fast information transmission but associated with it are number of unprecedented threats. The idea of this paper is to present a robust speech watermarking method to realize secure voice data transmission. In this method carrier is transformed into frequency domain. Pre-processed normalized covert voice data undergoes exponential transformation which is then substituted in center density of high frequency, high energy subband of carrier. High frequency components are chosen for embedding watermark for two reasons. First, during transmission carrier might get contaminated with noise and filteration generally suppress low frequency components so embedding in high frequency component will keep watermark intact. Second reason is human ears are less sensitive to high frequencies so slight change in amplitude of high frequency components is imperceptible. Technique uses frequency masking, invisible, and blind approach also. By applying reverse approach sensitive message can be extracted from the watermarked carrier. For embedding and retrieving watermark secret key have been used. Experimental results have shown that proposed method does not change the size of the cover signal even after embedding, does not degrade the quality of carrier and exhibit vigorous voice data hiding performance. Proposed work can be used in those applications where maintaining integrity and secrecy about the information against intentional or unintentional access is given utmost importance.
Pathologic myopia: advances in imaging and the potential role of artificial intelligence

Pathologic myopia is a severe form of myopia that can lead to permanent visual impairment. The recent global increase in the prevalence of myopia has been projected to lead to a higher incidence of pathologic myopia in the future. Thus, imaging myopic eyes to detect early pathological changes, or predict myopia progression to allow for early intervention, has become a key priority. Recent advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT) have contributed to the new grading system for myopic maculopathy and myopic traction maculopathy, which may improve phenotyping and thus, clinical management. Widefield fundus and OCT imaging has improved the detection of posterior staphyloma. Non-invasive OCT angiography has enabled depth-resolved imaging for myopic choroidal neovascularisation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great performance in detecting pathologic myopia and the identification of myopia-associated complications. These advances in imaging with adjunctive AI analysis may lead to improvements in monitoring disease progression or guiding treatments. In this review, we provide an update on the classification of pathologic myopia, how imaging has improved clinical evaluation and management of myopia-associated complications, and the recent development of AI algorithms to aid the detection and classification of pathologic myopia.
Discussions on Learning in Online Networks and Communities

This document provides an overview of the discussion that took place 31 March 1 April at IPTS, Seville, Spain, in the validation workshop of the interim results of the project on Innovations in new ICT-facilitated learning communities. This report presents the main messages from the workshop discussions in a structured fashion. The discussions highlighted both the difference and hybridity of informal and formal learning, and a need to find ways to benefit from both without losing the features that give them their strength. Online networked settings are playing an important role in people's lives and can provide new skills. However, participation in them does not necessarily lead to learning, neither is it available for all people. Educational systems need to recognise the existence of this online collaborative world where people are living and working, ensure that all people have skills and confidence to participate in it, and learn and benefit from it in developing new and efficient ways for teaching and learning.
Thermal re-radiation modelling for the precise prediction and determination of spacecraft orbits

Thermal re-radiation (TRR) affects spacecraft orbits when a net recoil force results from the uneven emission of radiation from the spacecraft surface these forces can perturb spacecraft trajectories by several metres over a few hours. The mis-modelling of TRR limits the accuracy with which some spacecraft orbits can be computed, and in turn limits capabilities of applications where satellite positioning is key. These range from real-time navigation to geodetic measurements using low earth orbiting spacecraft. Approaches for the precise analytical modelling of TRR forces are presented. These include methods for the treatment of spacecraft multilayer insulation (MLI), solar panels and other spacecraft components. Techniques for determining eclipse boundary crossing times for an oblate earth and modelling penumbral fluxes are also described. These affect both the thermal force and the considerably larger solar radiation pressure (SRP) force. These methods are implemented for the Global Positioning System (GPS) Block IIR spacecraft and the altimetry satellite Jason-1. For GPS Block IIR, model accuracy is assessed by orbit prediction through numerical integration of the spacecraft force model. Orbits were predicted over 12 hours and compared to precise orbits before and after thermal and eclipse-related models were included. When the solar panel model was included, mean orbit prediction errors dropped from 3.3m to 3.0m over one orbit inclusion of the MLI model reduced errors further to 0.6m. For eclipsing satellites, the penumbral flux model reduced errors from 0.7 m to 0.56m. The Jason-1 models were tested by incorporation into GIPSY-OASIS II, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) orbit determination software. A combined SRP and TRR model yielded significant improvements in orbit determination over all other existing models and is now used routinely by JPL in the operational orbit determination of Jason-1.
A randomized crossover single-case series comparing blocked versus random treatment for anomia

ABSTRACT The motor learning literature has demonstrated that blocked practice facilitates better acquisition of motor skills, whereas random practice facilitates retention and transfer. The verbal learning and memory literature offers similar evidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of blocked versus random practice in treatment for anomia. The study used a single site, randomized crossover design, with two replicated experimental phases (two blocked and two random) for each of 10 individuals with anomia. Each phase consisted of a cued picture-naming treatment. Individual treatment and maintenance effects, as well as weighted averages and group effects, were calculated using Tau-U based on the proportion of correctly named probes. Nine of 10 participants demonstrated treatment effects during each of the four phases. Acquisition was comparable for blocked and random practice. Maintenance effects were observed following seven blocked phases of treatment and 12 random phases of treatment across participants. For four of 10 participants the random schedule resulted in better maintenance of trained items. Although further research is needed, the present data suggest that for word retrieval treatment with multiple repetitions of the same items, a random presentation may benefit maintenance of treatment gains.
Altruism under Stress: Cortisol Negatively Predicts Charitable Giving and Neural Value Representations Depending on Mentalizing Capacity

Altruism, defined as costly other-regarding behavior, varies considerably across people and contexts. One prominent context in which people frequently must decide on how to socially act is under stress. How does stress affect altruistic decision-making and through which neurocognitive mechanisms? To address these questions, we assessed neural activity associated with charitable giving under stress. Human participants (males and females) completed a charitable donation task before and after they underwent either a psychosocial stressor or a control manipulation, while their brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. As the ability to infer other people's mental states (i.e., mentalizing) predicts prosocial giving and may be susceptible to stress, we examined whether stress effects on altruism depend on participants' general capacity to mentalize, as assessed in an independent task. Although our stress manipulation per se had no influence on charitable giving, increases in the stress hormone cortisol were associated with reductions in donations in participants with high mentalizing capacity, but not in low mentalizers. Multivariate neural response patterns in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were less predictive of postmanipulation donations in high mentalizers with increased cortisol, indicating decreased value coding, and this effect mediated the (moderated) association between cortisol increases and reduced donations. Our findings provide novel insights into the modulation of altruistic decision-making by suggesting an impact of the stress hormone cortisol on mentalizing-related neurocognitive processes, which in turn results in decreased altruism. The DLPFC appears to play a key role in mediating this cortisol-related shift in altruism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Altruism is a fundamental building block of our society. Emerging evidence indicates a major role of acute stress and stress-related neuromodulators in social behavior and decision-making. How and through which mechanisms stress may impact altruism remains elusive. We observed that the stress hormone cortisol was linked to diminished altruistic behavior. This effect was mediated by reduced value representations in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and critically depended on the individual capacity to infer mental states of others. Our findings provide novel insights into the modulation of human altruism linked to stress-hormone dynamics and into the involved sociocognitive and neural mechanisms, with important implications for future developments of more targeted interventions for stress-related decrements in social behavior and social cognition.
Factors associated with burden among male caregivers for people with dementia

Background: There is a dearth of information on male dementia caregivers in Asia and, in particular, on the factors relating to caregiver burden. We aimed to identify factors that may be associated with burden among male caregivers of people with dementia (PWD). Methods: Data were collected from a national dementia registration survey. The caregiver burden was measured with the short version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). We analyzed the correlation between ZBI scores and variables, such as demographic data of PWD and their male caregivers, caregivers’ monthly income, the relationship between PWD and caregivers, the severity of dementia, physical comorbidities and activities of daily living (ADL) of PWD, and neuropsychiatric symptoms assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Results: A total of 509 PWD and their male caregivers were included. The majority of caregivers were sons (72.1%) and husbands (22.0%). Sons had higher ZBI scores than husbands (28.5 ± 15.2 vs 22.0 ± 17.0; p < 0.001). Multivariable linear regression showed that sons as caregivers (β = 7.44, p = 0.034), ADL (β = 0.52, p = 0.002), and NPI_severity subscore of apathy (β = 2.74, p = 0.001) were positively associated with ZBI scores. Conclusion: Poor ADL and apathy in PWD and being a patient’s son were associated with higher levels of burden among male dementia caregivers. Effective interventions are needed to assist male caregivers in accomplishing their caregiving role and at the same time to alleviate their caregiver burden.
Race-specific associations between psychological distress and obesity: the role of social cohesion

ABSTRACT Objective Nearly two-thirds of Black women in the US are obese. Studies have focused more on lifestyle and behavioral factors to explain racial disparities; less research has examined psychosocial factors such as psychological distress and social cohesion. While research suggests that social cohesion may confer benefits for health, no studies have assessed how social cohesion is related to both mental health and obesity, and potential racial differences. Our study examined associations between psychological distress, social cohesion, and obesity among Black and White adult women. Design Data are from the 2014–2018 National Health Interview Survey (n = 66,743). Participants self-reported psychological distress (Kessler K6 scale), obesity (body mass index≥30 kg/m2), and social cohesion. We fit logistic regression models of obesity with likelihood ratio tests for effect modification by social cohesion and by race. Results Psychological distress was associated with a 1.19 and 1.31 higher odds of obesity for Black (95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.36) and White women (1.24, 1.39), respectively. Social cohesion was associated with a 0.75 lower odds of obesity among White (0.69, 0.81) but not Black women (odds ratio 0.94; 0.80, 1.10). Tests of interaction indicated no differences by social cohesion or race in the association between psychological distress and obesity. Conclusion Findings highlight complex relationships between psychological distress, obesity, and social cohesion in Black and White women. Public health efforts should focus on understanding mechanisms relating social factors to health.
C‐C motif chemokine ligand 5 confines liver regeneration by down‐regulating reparative macrophage‐derived hepatocyte growth factor in a forkhead box O 3a–dependent manner

Liver regeneration (LR) is vital for the recovery of liver function after hepatectomy. Limited regeneration capacity, together with insufficient remnant liver volume, is a risk factor for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) resulting from small‐for‐size syndrome. Although inflammation plays an important role in controlling LR, the underlying mechanisms still remain obscure.
Vascularized Lung Cancer Model for Evaluating the Promoted Transport of Anticancer Drugs and Immune Cells in an Engineered Tumor Microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the environment around the tumor, including blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Owing to its component interactions, the TME influences tumor growth and drug delivery in a highly complex manner. Although several vascularized cancer models are developed to mimic the TME in vitro, these models cannot comprehensively reflect blood vessel–tumor spheroid interactions. Here, a method for inducing controlled tumor angiogenesis by engineering the microenvironment is presented. The interstitial flow direction regulates the direction of capillary sprouting, showing that angiogenesis occurs in the opposite direction of flow, while the existence of lung fibroblasts affects the continuity and lumen formation of sprouted capillaries. The vascularized tumor model shows enhanced delivery of anticancer drugs and immune cells to the tumor spheroids because of the perfusable vascular networks. The possibility of capillary embolism using anticancer drug‐conjugated liquid metal nanoparticles is investigated using the vascularized tumor model. This vascularized tumor platform can aid in the development of effective anticancer drugs and cancer immunotherapy.