Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the mechanism of resistance to vincristine in breast cancer cells using transcriptome sequencing technology

Breast cancer has replaced lung cancer as the leading cancer globally, but various chemotherapy drugs for breast cancer are prone to resistance, especially in patients with distant metastases who are susceptible to multiple chemotherapy drug resistance often leading to treatment failure. Vincristine (VCR) is an alkaloid extracted from Catharanthus roseus, and is often used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Research on the development of resistance to VCR has been carried out using transcriptome sequencing technology. Firstly, gradient increase of VCR concentration was used to produce a VCR-resistant breast cancer cell line. Mechanistically, RNA was extracted from the VCR-resistant breast cancer cell line, and the transcriptome was sequenced. Further analysis showed changes in the expression levels of various genes in the aforementioned VCR-resistant breast cancer cell line. Meanwhile, the analysis of splicing events also indicated a change in variable splicing events. Further validation showed that the expression levels of multiple genes, including interleukin-1β, were altered in the VCR-resistant breast cancer cell line, and these gene expression changes were related to VCR resistance. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanism of VCR resistance clinically.
Geomagnetic polarity event recorded at 1.1 m.y. B.P. on Cobb Mountain, Clear Lake volcanic field, California

Paleomagnetic studies show that a normal polarity event within the Matuyama reversed polarity epoch is recorded by one of the volcanic units on Cobb Mountain in northern California. K-Ar age determinations show that this event has an age of 1.12 ± 0.02 m.y. and clearly preceded the Jaramillo normal polarity event. These data provide the first confirmation from a subaerial volcano that a brief polarity event occurred at this time, as suggested by published studies of some marine sedimentary cores and magnetic anomalies. This new event is herein named the “Cobb Mountain normal polarity event. ”
Development of a neural network algorithm for the retrieval of TPW from NOAA16 AMSU measurements

A neural‐network‐based algorithm for the retrieval of Total Precipitable Water (TPW) using Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) data available in real time from NOAA16 satellite has been developed. The retrieval method benefits from reliable surface observations, which includes the skin temperature and ocean surface wind speed and direction. The algorithm uses the simulated brightness temperatures at four frequencies, 23.4 Ghz, 31.4 Ghz, 50.3 Ghz, and 89.0 Ghz, of AMSU‐A as input and TPW derived from Radiosonde Observations (RAOB) profiles as output. The pairs of input and output are restricted to the homogeneous emitting areas, e.g. over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea. The performance of the algorithm is assessed using independent RAOB measurements. The bias and rms differences are found to be 0.21 mm and 2.03 mm respectively over the range of 15 and 75 mm. Further, extensive comparisons are made between the TPW obtained from the neural network algorithm and those obtained using other satellite instruments like the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager, Advanced Infrared Sounder, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, in which the results are found to be in close agreement.
Possibilities Study of a Non-condensable Gas Exhaust System through the Condensate Injection Pipe at PLTP Wayang Windu

Wayang Windu Geothermal Power Plant, located in Pangalengan, Bandung regency, West Java with an installed capacity of 227 MWe has two units to generate electricity and deliver to the Jawa, Madura, and Bali grid. The steam extracted from the reservoir contains non-condensable gas of about 1-1.2% of total steam extracted, with the gas composition is CO2 92%, H2S 2%, NH3 0.1%, and residual gasses 4.9%. Possibilities study of a non-condensable gas exhaust through the condensate injection pipe was created as the efforts in the environmental conservation aspect for reducing carbon released to the atmosphere and reinjected back into the reservoir. This study was simulated in Wayang Windu Unit 2 by calculating the non-condensable gas flow rate from the gas removal system into the condensate injection pipe near of cooling tower blowdown power station area. The analysis result of this study indicates that the non-condensable gas requires a higher flow rate of condensate to dissolve the entire non-condensable gas, and may cause the slug flow pattern which would endanger the condensate pipeline system also destabilize the non-condensable gas exhaust operation process from the condenser through the gas removal system. To deal with this problem, the possibility of exhausting the non-condensable gas produced by the gas removal system can be alternated by flowing its non-condensable gas into a flash absorber system and converting its non-condensable gas into other eco-friendly products and power plant safe.
Evaluating the Biomechanical Integrity of Various Constructs Utilized for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review

The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is a frequently loaded joint, handling loads up to 90% of bodyweight. First MTP arthrodesis is a frequently performed procedure designed to improve pain in patients with degenerative MTP joint disease. There are a wide variety of fixation constructs for this procedure without consensus on the most effective method. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical integrity of various constructs utilized for first MTP arthrodesis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 18 June 2023. Articles discussing the biomechanics of first MTP arthrodesis constructs were included. A total of 168 articles were retrieved. A total of 20 articles involving 446 cadaveric and synthetic bone constructs were included in the final review. Of the six articles comparing dorsal plating with compression screws to crossed interfragmentary screws, five found that dorsal plating had significantly higher stiffness. All three studies assessing shape-memory staples found them to be significantly less stable than crossed screws or dorsal plates alone. Both studies evaluating fully threaded screws found them to be stronger than crossed cancellous screws. Wedge resections have been shown to be 10 times stronger than standard planar or conical excision. Dorsal plating with compression screws is the gold standard for MTP arthrodesis. However, more research into newer methods such as fully threaded screws and wedge resections with an increased focus on translation to clinical outcomes is needed.
Hydrodynamic characteristics of the Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood in the Mt. Everest region, Nepal

The Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurred in 1998 in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal, was evaluated using hydrodynamic models to gain a better understanding of the flow behaviour. The flood wave was analysed separately under rigid and erodible boundary conditions. In both cases, the calculated dam‐breach hydrograph, which had a peak discharge of about 10 000 m3/s, was routed through the Inkhu River, which originates from the lake. The morphologic changes along the river were also analysed and the results were compared with satellite images, field observations and recorded data. In the case of rigid boundaries, the routing procedure gradually attenuated the peaks of the hydrographs to account for hydraulic pooling in narrow gorges and storage in the channel. In the case of erodible boundaries, such effects were minimized due to the increment in channel capacity associated with erosion by debris flow. The study revealed that the GLOF event produced a large‐scale debris flow. Additionally, the results revealed that erosion and deposition took place intermittently, but that approximately 440 000 m3 of sediment was deposited about 14 km downstream from the lake mouth. The calculated peak of the water and sediment mixture at 14·4 km was found to be 30 000 m3/s, which is almost 6 times as large as that observed when the rigid boundary conditions were used. Further, the increase in the peaks of the hydrographs due to sediment transport was the primary reason for the destruction associated with the GLOF. These findings suggest that the local sedimentology and topography, as well as other geo‐hazard conditions in the area, should be carefully evaluated before recommending any control measures against GLOFs in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conversion of forest to cinnamon plantation depletes soil carbon stocks in the top metre of the tropical highlands of Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province, Indonesia

This study aimed to investigate the effect of conversion from natural forest to cinnamon plantation on the top 1 m soil carbon stocks and soil characteristics. The project was conducted on Andosols of Kerinci Regency, Sumatera, Indonesia, sampling the soil profile under natural forests and a chronosequence of cinnamon plantations of different ages (1, 5 and 10 years). SOC stocks were quantified alongside physical properties (bulk density) and chemical properties (carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio) to investigate the impact of land conversion. SOC stocks increased one year after conversion to cinnamon plantations, but then tended to decrease as the plantations got older. The initial increase was observed alongside decreasing bulk density one year after forest conversion to cinnamon plantation, likely as a result of the fresh input of (less dense) pyrogenic soil organic matter due to slash and burn practices and transport down the soil profile due to leaching. In older plantations SOC stocks were lower, probably because organic matter had been decomposed or leached out of the profile. The free particulate organic matter (fPOM) was isolated from selected topsoil and subsoil layers and analysed for carbon, nitrogen, and FTIR analysis. FTIR analysis revealed that topsoil fPOM contained more aromatic functional groups than subsoils and had a higher degree of decomposition. Aromatic and carbohydrate functional groups were initially lower in recently converted cinnamon plantation, but the trend was reversed 10 years after conversion. The initial flush of fresh organic matter into soils after slash and burn provides fPOM with a lower degree of decomposition but is short‐lived and fPOM becomes more microbially processed as the cinnamon plantation ages. We conclude that, after a short term increase brought about by slash and burn, forest conversion to cinnamon plantation in Kerinci Regency depletes SOC stocks both in topsoil and subsoil.
Exploring the Link between Maternal Hematological Disorders during Pregnancy and Neurological Development in Newborns: Mixed Cohort Study

Maternal hematological disorders during pregnancy may pose a risk to the neurological development of newborns. To investigate the association between maternal hematological disorders during pregnancy and neurological outcomes in newborns, this mixed cohort study was conducted on 200 pregnant women diagnosed with hematological disorders during pregnancy. Some cases have been identified in the past who have completed the pregnancy in full, as well as cases in pregnancy. Currently, the children of all mothers have been followed up to evaluate the neurological outcomes of the children at the age of three months. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between maternal hematological disorders and neurological outcomes in newborns. Children born to mothers with hematological disorders had a higher risk of developmental delays (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.90–2.50), cognitive impairments (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.20–2.70), and motor impairments (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.00–2.50) compared to children born to mothers without hematological disorders. Hemophilia was associated with the highest risk of neurological outcomes (developmental delay: OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.60–4.90; cognitive impairment: OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 2.00–5.10; motor impairment: OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.50–4.60). Conclusion: Our study suggests that maternal hematological disorders during pregnancy may increase the risk of negative neurological consequences in newborns. Further research is needed to identify potential mechanisms and explore preventive measures.
Subsurface Energetics of the Gulf Stream near the Charleston Bump

Abstract The energy budgets of the eddies and the mean flow in the Gulf Stream near a topographic feature known as the Charleston bump are computed. First, we consider these results in the context of the amplification hypothesis for the development of Gulf Stream meanders. According to this hypothesis, the finite amplitude Gulf Stream fluctuations observed offshore of Onslow Bay are the result of the destabilizing effect of the bump on the Stream. The present dataset was obtained both immediately upstream and downstream of the bump, and the results of our analysis suggest: 1) Immediately south of the Charleston bump, the eddies perform net work on the Gulf Stream at a rate of (1.02 ± .66) × 10−2 ergs cm−3 s−1 by transporting momentum offshore; 2) The net work performed by the eddies south of the bump is not used locally to accelerate the mean; rather, it is exported to the rest of the ocean at a rate of (1.58 ± 1.39) × 10−2 ergs cm−3 s−1; 3) In spite of the net work performed by the eddies south of the bu.
The use of tiltmeters to study the dynamics of Antarctic ice-shelf grounding lines

Abstract New tiltmeter data are presented from Doake Ice Rumples on Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Five sites which showed a tidal ice-shelf flexure have been analysed using an elastic beam model to investigate the variation of flexure amplitude with distance from the grounding line. An earlier study on Rutford Ice Stream which also used an elastic model required an ice thickness much less than that observed. Reworking the Rutford Ice Stream data suggests that this greatly reduced ice thickness is not required, given the current sparse data coverage. The elastic model is used to improve the estimated grounding-line position on Rutford Ice Stream. Some of the difficulties in modelling ice-shelf flexure and locating grounding lines are discussed.
Wide aperture arrays for locating impulsive sound sources in air and underwater

Passive ranging techniques are used in land-based acoustic surveillance systems and underwater sonar systems to localize sources that radiate acoustic energy into the environment. Passive ranging by wavefront curvature relies on the spherical expansion of the wavefronts as the acoustic energy propagates outwards from the source. A wide-aperture receiving array is used to sense the curvature of the wavefront by estimating the intersensor time delays as the wavefront traverses the array. The time delay estimates are used to calculate the range (which is equal to the radius of curvature of the wavefront) and bearing of the source. The wavefront curvature method is applied here to the passive ranging of sources of four different types of acoustic signals: underwater mechanical transients, underwater biological transients, continuous sound wave transmissions in air and impulsive sounds in air. The method provides precise range and bearing estimates of underwater signal sources. In comparison, large passive ranging errors are observed for in-air sources because the atmosphere is a nonstationary sound propagation medium. Atmospheric turbulence causes perturbations in the curvature of the acoustic wavefronts and leads to random fluctuations in the source position estimates on time scales ranging from seconds to minutes. Background noise at each sensor has only a small effect on the positional uncertainty of in-air sources with random fluctuations in the source position estimates occurring on subsecond time scales.
Modeling the quasi biennial oscillation's influence on isentropic tracer transport in the subtropics

Tracer transport in the lower stratosphere is investigated using an off-line semi-Lagrangian transport model and winds from a mechanistic three dimensional middle atmosphere model, interpolated to the 650 K isentropic surface, over a winter season. By comparing two simulations, the effect of the quasi-biennial oscillation's (QBO's) easterly or westerly wind phases on low-latitude transport is examined, especially regarding the formation of an apparent subtropical transport barrier at the equatorward edge of the surf zone. The tracer field is diffused less than potential vorticity (PV) and shows sharper gradients and finer structures developing over the winter. In both QBO phases the winter extratropical surf zone is bounded by large tracer gradients equatorward of about 15° latitude. The inability of quasi-stationary Rossby waves to propagate into QBO easterlies leads to a much sharper edge forming between the rapidly stirred extratropical surf zone and the relatively unstirred tropics during the easterly QBO phase than occurs during the westerly QBO phase. In the westerly phase some Rossby wave activity can propagate across the equatorial westerlies and break on reaching the summer hemisphere easterly winds, causing mixing there. Simulations using a tracer initially confined to the tropics show that more tropical air is mixed out to the winter extratropics by Rossby wave stirring when the QBO phase is easterly, despite the sharper band of stronger tracer (or PV) gradient which separates the tropics and the winter extratropics in this phase. While air was mixed out of the tropics in both QBO phase simulations, neither QBO phase simulation showed extratropical air being irreversibly mixed into the tropics. These results are related to observations of the tropical reservoir of stratospheric aerosols, especially the dynamics and transport of its winter hemisphere boundary.
Predicting Future Purchase Intentions In E-Commerce: An Empirical Study On Bukalapak

This research explores how consumers' familiarity with a brand and the quality of information they encounter impact their engagement with the brand's social media presence. Additionally, we investigate how this engagement influences consumers' attitudes toward the brand's social media and their intentions for future purchases. This study also delves into the mediating role of social media engagement in the relationship between brand familiarity, information quality, consumers' attitudes toward the brand's social media, and their intentions for future purchases. The research employed a quantitative methodology, specifically purposive sampling, a non-probability approach. Data were collected through online surveys, with 441 samples obtained. The data were analyzed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. Consequently, all ten hypotheses were validated.
Invisible Animals: Exploring Public Discourses to Understand the Contemporary Status of Donkeys in Britain

ABSTRACT Established representations of donkeys in western literature and popular culture have often been negative, portraying the animals as stupid, inept, and bad tempered. To understand whether such representations are reflected in contemporary understandings of donkeys, we constructed a digitized body of texts (a corpus) from contemporary (public-facing) news articles and (public-produced) social media posts about donkeys, which we analyzed using quantitative and qualitative language analysis techniques drawn from corpus linguistics and discourse analysis. We supplemented this with focus groups conducted with members of the public to gather insights and reflections on key patterns of representation in two key news texts identified in the linguistic analysis. This combined approach, which is novel in its application to animal welfare topics, revealed that donkeys are most commonly represented as figures of entertainment, ridicule, and as victims of hardship and suffering (i.e., animals in need). We argue that such representations can sideline, obscure and “invisibilize” the real animals, leading to persistent misunderstandings and false conceptions about donkeys, which are further perpetuated through language use and can be difficult to disrupt and change. These findings have important implications for animal welfare, education programs, and public communication about donkeys. Finally, we highlight areas where incorrect, unhelpful, and potentially damaging representations can be challenged by those seeking to improve the contemporary status of donkeys.
The role of microorganisms in aggregate formation and soil stabilization: Types of aggregation

Abstract Soil biota and the presence of organic matter are the major factors for developing soil structure in sandy soils. Three types of aggregates were observed in sand dunes: (1) microbial aggregates, 1–12 mm in diameter, formed by the action of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, (2) root‐microbial aggregates, formed by microorganisms in conjunction with root exudates and root structural components, and (3) debris‐microbial aggregates, up to 6 mm in diameter, formed during decomposition of macroscopic plant debris. In maritime sand dunes the aggregates contributed up to 0.4% of total bulk soil weight. The VAM fungal hyphae participated in aggregate formation, and the presence of cyanobacteria in aggregates indicated their contribution to nitrogen cycling. Inocculation of dune sand with fungi and bacteria in addition to soluble organic matter improved soil structure and plant growth. The results indicated that soil microflora could be used as a tool for improving soil structure with a subsequently impr.
Shrubs, streamflow, and the paradox of scale

In this paper, we examine the linkage between woody plants and the water budget for three important woody plant communities in Texas, USA: saltcedar (Tamarix chinensis, Tamarix ramosissima), Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei Buchholz), and mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa). In most cases, these species are found in distinct physiographic and soil settings. Saltcedar is restricted to stream channels and floodplains; Ashe juniper is found mostly on karst limestone outcrops with shallow soils; and mesquite is found on deep soils. Because of these differences, changes in woody plant cover in each community will have a different effect on the water budget. For each type, we review the available literature and explicitly report the scale of observation (tree, stand, catchment, or landscape). A simple framework called the shrub–streamflow framework, which recognizes differences in response due to differences in physiographic setting, climate, and potential for deep drainage or subsurface flow, enables us to generalize the results. The fundamental premise of the framework is simple: for shrublands to be hydrologically sensitive to changes in woody plant cover, soil water or groundwater must be accessible to deep‐rooting plants but too deep for shallow‐rooting ones. Such a situation exists if groundwater is close to the surface (within 3–5 m and/or if deep drainage occurs (because of either high precipitation input or bypass flow in the soil). We argue that on an area basis, conversion of saltcedar stands to herbaceous plants in riparian regions has a much greater potential for increasing water yield than does conversion of woodlands to grasslands in upland regions where deep drainage does not occur. On upland sites where deep drainage does occur, conversion from woody to herbaceous vegetation may result in a savings of 40–80 mm year−1 of water. But such savings have been observed only up to the small‐catchment scale, and until further work is done it is uncertain whether they can be achieved at larger scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.