Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Field Effect Transistor-based Bimolecular Sensor Employing a Pt Reference Electrode for the Detection of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequence

We have fabricated field effect transistor (FET)-type biomolecular sensor for the detection of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence based on 0.5 µm standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and investigated its electrical characteristics. A Pt reference electrode with improved performance was employed for the detection of the DNA sequence and Au, which has a chemical affinity with thiol by forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), was used as the gate metal in order to immobilize the DNA. It was fabricated as a p-channel metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS) FET-type because PMOSFET with positive surface potential could be very attractive for detecting negatively charged DNA from the view point of high sensitivity and fast response time. The FET-based biomolecular sensor can detect the DNA sequence by measuring the variation of drain current due to a biomolecular charge after DNA probe immobilization and variation of capacitance after DNA hybridization. The gate potential of the sensor was applied by the Pt reference electrode and DNA was detected by both in situ and ex situ measurements. The drain current increased when a single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA) with thiol was immobilized because the effect of DNA charge with thiol is dominant. The drain current decreased when the DNA was hybridized into a double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) because of the decrease in capacitance due to DNA hybridization. In situ measurement showed good agreement with ex situ measurement.
Optimization of Utility for “Larger Investor” with Anticipation

This paper examines the optimal consumption and investment problem for a ‘large investor’, who possesses information about the terminal values of the components of the Brownian motion, possibly distorted by ‘noise’. Existence of optimal policies is established using martingale and duality techniques under general assumptions on the securities’ price process and the investor's preferences. Explicit solutions are provided for specific cases involving an agent with logarithmic utilities.
Thin Plates and Shells: Theory: Analysis, and Applications

Part 1 Thin plates: introduction the fundamentals of the small-deflection plate bending theory rectangular plates circular plates bending of plates of various shapes plate bending by approximate and numerical methods advanced topics buckling of plates vibration of plates. Part 2 Thin shells: introduction to the general linear shell theory geometry of the middle surface the general linear theory of thin shells the membrane theory of shells applications of the membrane theory to the analysis of shell structures moment theory of circular cylindrical shells the moment theory of shells of revolution approximate theories of shell analysis and their application advanced topics buckling of shells vibration of shells. Appendices: some reference data Fourier series expansion verification of relations of the theory of surfaces derivation of the strain-displacement relations verification of equilibrium equations.
THE COEFFICIENTS OF CERTAIN INFINITE PRODUCTS

are classical, (a) being the so-called "pentagonal number theorem" of Euler, and (b) being an identity of Jacobi's, well known in the theory of elliptic modular functions. It is remarkable that for no other values of r are the coefficients of HJ(1-Xn)t known explicitly. It will be the purpose of this paper to give various recursion formulas and identities for these coefficients, which are consequences of identities between functions on certain modular subgroups. In particular, the coefficients will be investigated thoroughly for r=2, 4, 6. A typical theorem is that every integer occurs as the modulus of the coefficients for r =2.
Transfer of Knowledge Across Tasks

Learning should not be viewed as an isolated task that starts from scratch with every new problem. Instead, a learning algorithm should exhibit the ability to adapt through a mechanism dedicated to the transfer of knowledge gathered from previous experience [41, 40]. The problem of how to transfer knowledge across tasks is central to the field of metalearning, and is also referred to as learning to learn or transfer learning. Here, knowledge can be understood as a collection of patterns observed across tasks. As an example, one view of the nature of patterns across tasks is that of invariant transformations. For example, image recognition of a target object is simplified if the object is invariant under rotation, translation, scaling, etc. A learning system should be able to recognize a target object in an image even if previous images show the object at different sizes or from different angles. We view transfer learning as the study of how to improve learning by detecting, extracting, and exploiting knowledge across tasks. In this chapter, we take a look at various approaches to implement learning systems armed with the ability to transfer knowledge across tasks. We focus our description by responding to two questions: What can be transferred across tasks? and what learning architectures have been commonly used for transfer learning? We also present developments in the theoretical aspects of learning to learn. Our focus is on supervised learning; other work can be found in fields such as unsupervised learning [8] and reinforcement learning [39].
Highly controllable form birefringence in subwavelength-period grating structures fabricated by imprinting onpolarization-sensitive liquid crystalline polymers

A subwavelength-period grating made in an intrinsic anisotropic medium was experimentally fabricated by means of imprinting and subsequent photoinduced molecular alignment of photocrosslinkable polymer liquid crystals (PCLC). Optical properties including the total birefringence and optic axis were theoretically and experimentally investigated by varying the crossing angle between the grating vector and the polarization azimuth of linearly polarized ultraviolet light for the photoalignment of PCLC. The total birefringence and optic axis were well-controlled by both form birefringence due to the subwavelength-period grating structure and intrinsic birefringence induced by photoalignment of PCLC. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was an effective tool for characterizing the optical properties of a subwavelength-period grating made in an intrinsic anisotropic medium.
Parallel cascade of Alfvén waves

A heuristic semi-classical kinetic theory of turbulence in magnetized plasmas was formulated in the 1960s, but the statistical mechanical formulation of the same problem, which is necessary for a quantitative analysis, has not been accomplished. Recently, the present authors formulated the statistical mechanical kinetic turbulence theory in a formal manner (P H Yoon 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 10230, P H Yoon and T-M Fang 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 102303). In this paper, the parallel cascade of Alfvén waves via the three-wave decay process is numerically investigated on the basis of the results outlined in the above references. It is shown that the cascade of low-frequency Alfvén waves to high-frequency ion-cyclotron and magnetosonic waves takes place mediated by ion-sound turbulence. The Alfvén wave cascade is important, for instance, in the solar wind acceleration and coronal heating problem, since the low-frequency, long-wavelength Alfvén waves must first undergo cascade to high-frequency, short-wavelength modes in order for cyclotron resonant absorption to take place. The cyclotron resonance is believed to be important for charged-particle acceleration in the aforementioned applications. The present analysis may be important in such a context.
Field quality in low- β superconducting quadrupoles and impact on the beam dynamics for the Large Hadron Collider upgrade

A possible scenario for the luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider is based on large aperture quadrupoles to lower ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$ in the interaction regions. Here we analyze the measurements relative to the field quality of the RHIC and LHC superconducting quadrupoles to find out the dependence of field errors on the size of the magnet aperture. Data are interpreted in the framework of a Monte Carlo analysis giving the reproducibility in the coil positioning reached in each production. We show that this precision is likely to be independent of the magnet aperture. Using this result, we can carry out an estimate of the impact of the field quality on the beam dynamics for the collision optics.
Influência do fracionamento da energia de irradiação na fototerapia com laser em baixa intensidade sobre o crescimento de fibroblastos de polpa dentária humana

Phototherapy with low intensity lasers has been used in dentistry in several oral pathologies for pain and healing control. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of phototherapy on human dental pulp fibroblasts growth using irradiations with whole energy delivered at once or fractioned. After the determination of the methodology, the FP5 cell line (1x 103 cells per well) was grown in 96 wells-microtritation plates (one for each experimental group) in nutritional deficit (medium supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum-fbs). Laser irradiation was carried out with an InGaAlP diode laser (λ-685nm, 40 mW, spot size 0.028 cm2) using the punctual technique, at continuous mode and in contact. The whole energies were delivered in single irradiations of 0.12J (G1), 0.24J (G2), 0.36J (G3). These whole energies were fractioned in multiple irradiations of 0.12J done with 6h-intervals: two for G4 and three for G5. Non-irradiated groups of cell cultured in nutritional deficit (5% fbs; G6) and in nutritional regular condition (10 % fbs; G7) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The number of cells was indirectly assessed by measuring the cell mitochondrial activity 24 hours after the first irradiation. The data from four replicates were compared by the ANOVA complemented by the Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). There were significant differences amongst the groups. The positive control (G7) presented significantly higher number of cells when compared to the negative control (G6). This number was similar to those of multiple irradiation groups (G4 and G5). The single irradiated groups (G1 to G3) presented cell numbers significantly smaller than those of positive control and multiple irradiated groups. Under the conditions of this study it was concluded that multiple irradiations of fractioned energies improve the biostimulatory effect of the phototherapy with low intensity laser on the growth of dental pulp fibroblasts.
Important literature on the use of adjoint, variational methods and the Kalman filter in meteorology

The use of adjoint equations is proving to be invaluable in many areas of meteorological research. Unlike a forecast model which describes the evolution of meteorological fields forward in time, the adjoint equations describe the evolution of sensitivity (to initial, boundary and parametric conditions) backward in time. Essentially, by utilizing this sensitivity information, many types of problems can be solved more efficiently than in the past, including variational data assimilation, parameter fitting, optimal instability and sensitivity analysis in general. For this reason, the adjoints of various models and their applications have been appearing more and more frequently in meteorological research. This paper is a bibliography in chronological order of published works in meteorology dealing with adjoints which have appeared prior to this issue of Tellus. Also included are meteorological works regarding variational methods (even without adjoints) and Kalman filtering in data assimilation, plus some references outside meteorology. These additional works are included here because the main thrust for adjoint application within meteorology is currently concentrated in the development of next-generation data assimilation systems. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1993. t01-4-00002.x
OCCULTATION OBSERVATIONS OF SATURN'S B RING AND CASSINI DIVISION

The outer edge of Saturn's B ring is strongly affected by the nearby 2:1 inner Lindblad resonance of Mimas and is distorted approximately into a centered elliptical shape, which at the time of the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters was oriented with its periapse toward Mimas. Subsequent observations have shown that the actual situation is considerably more complex. We present a complete set of historical occultation measurements of the B-ring edge, including the 1980 Voyager 1 and 1981 Voyager 2 radio and stellar occultations, the 1989 occultation of 28 Sgr, two independently analyzed occultations observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in 1991 and 1995, and a series of ring profiles from 12 diametric (ansa-to-ansa) occultations observed in 2005, using the Cassini Radio Science Subsystem (RSS). After making an approximate correction for systematic errors in the reconstructed spacecraft trajectories, we obtain orbit fits to features in the rings with rms residuals well under 1 km, in most cases. Fits to the B-ring edge in the RSS data reveal a systematic variation in the maximum optical depth at the very edge of the ring as a function of its orbital radius. We compare the B-ring measurements to an m = 2 distortion aligned with Mimas, and show that there have been substantial phase shifts over the past 25 years. Finally, we present freely precessing equatorial elliptical models for 16 features in the Cassini Division. The inner edges of the gaps are generally eccentric, whereas the outer edges are nearly circular, with ae < 0.5 km.
Diagonal subalgebras of bigraded algebras and embeddings of blow-ups of projective spaces

Let V be closed subscheme of [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="01i" /] defined by a homogeneous ideal I ⊆ A = K [ X 1 , . , X n ], and let X be the ( n - 1)-fold obtained by blowing-up [inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3. org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="02i" /] along V . If one embeds X in some projective space, one is led to consider the subalgebra K [( I e ) c ] of A for some positive integers c and e . The aim of this paper is to study ring-theoretic properties of K [( I e ) c ]; this is achieved by developing a theory which enables us to describe the local cohomology of certain modules over generalized Segre products of bigraded algebras. These results are applied to the study of the Cohen-Macaulay property of the homogeneous coordinate ring of the blow-up of the projective space along a complete intersection. We also study the Koszul property of diagonal subalgebras of bigraded standard k -algebras.
Multifrequency observations of the Blazar PKS 0537-441 in a moderately active state

PKS 0537-441 was observed during an active state in February 1985 at infrared, optical, UV, and X-ray frequencies. Comparison with earlier measurements indicates that the source brightened by a factor of approximately 2 in all bands. This suggests that the same spatial region may be responsible for the emission in the whole spectral range observed. 19 references.
A Study of LF and, GSE Among Mathematics Students in Math Classes in Payam e Noor University of Maragheh

Life effectiveness, LF and general self efficacy, GSE are both important factors in today's educational and psychological context. If in the process of mathematics learning instructors note for these important issues they will develop the process of learning much better. So this paper will review Life effectiveness and general self efficacy among the mathematic students in Maraghe Payam e Noor University. Key words: Life Effectiveness; General Self-Efficacy; Mathematic Students; Higher Education
Continuous flow reflux oven as the source of an effusive molecular Cs beam

The design and the operation of a continuous flow reflux (CFR) oven used for the formation of an effusive Cs molecular beam which is compatible with ultrahigh vacuum (10−9 Torr) conditions are described. The CFR oven operation utilizes capillary action to recycle the unused part of the Cs molecular beam. A possibility of extending the principle to supersonic beam pressures is discussed.
Robust estimation of scale of an exponential distribution

We consider the standardized median as an estimator of scale for exponential samples which is most B‐robust in the sense of Hampel et al. (1986). This estimator is compared with two other estimators which were proposed to Rousseeuw and Croux (1993) but for a Gaussian model. All three estimators have the same breakdown point, but their bias curves are different. It is shown that under a gross error model the explosion bias curve of the most B‐robust estimator performs better than the bias curves of the other estimators. But this estimator is worse than the two estimators proposed by Rousseeuw and Croux (1993) if the implosion bias curve is considered.
On cylinders undergoing one- and two- degree of freedom forced vibrations in a steady flow

Formation of vortices in the near wake of circular cylinders is discussed. Two different cases are compared: starting flow around an initially stationary cylinder and flow around an oscillating cylinder in a steady freestream. The effects of formation time on the morphology of the vortices are shown, as well as some consequences thereof. For starting flows, the critical formation time defines the point where the wake transitions from the initially symmetrical state to the intermediate asymmetrical state. The asymmetrical state breaks down into the periodic shedding state normally associated with cylinder flows. It appears that the wake reaches a critical level of vorticity annihilation at the critical time. This triggers an exponential growth of asymmetry in the near wake. Evidence of this process can also be seen in the early time force data. For oscillating flows, the critical time defines the transition from vortex to vortex-and-tail morphology. First, phase averaged vorticity fields are presented showing the changes in the wake with forcing frequency and streamwise motion. These changes are related to the formation time, and related to similar effects seen in other flows. In addition, prolonged formation is related to the observed switch in the phase of the vortex shedding. The effects of streamwise motion are also shown, including the increased phase coherence of the shedding via coordination of the shedding process and the ability to adjust formation time via streamwise acceleration. The latter was used to demonstrate a plausible explanation for the vortex pair formation process observed by some researchers by showing how the formation process affects the number of vortices generated per cycle.
New results on H∞ filtering for nonlinear large‐scale systems with interconnected time‐varying delays

This paper proposes a new design method of H∞ filtering for nonlinear large‐scale systems with interconnected time‐varying delays. The interaction terms with interval time‐varying delays are bounded by nonlinear bounding functions including all states of the subsystems. A stable linear filter is designed to ensure that the filtering error system is exponentially stable with a prescribed convergence rate. By constructing a set of improved Lyapunov functions and using generalized Jensen inequality, new delay‐dependent conditions for designing H∞ filter are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Data-Driven Fault Prediction Method for Nuclear Power Systems Based on End-to-End Deep Learning Framework

With the increase in system complexity and operational performance requirements, nuclear energy systems are developing in the direction of intelligence and unmanned, which also requires a higher demand for its safety so that intelligent fault diagnosis and prediction have become a technology that nuclear power plants need to develop at present. At the same time, due to the rapid development of deep learning technology, it has become a meaningful development direction to predict the fault state of nuclear power plants within the framework of supervised deep learning. Usually, the network structure model used in fault diagnosis and prediction requires professional design, which may cost a lot of time and make it difficult to achieve optimal results. For this purpose, we present an end-to-end deep network for nuclear power system prediction (EDN-NPSP), which can automatically mine the transient features of various detection data in the NPS at the current moment through heterogeneous convolution kernels that can increase the receptive field and then predict the feature evolution results of the NPS in the future through a special deep CNN. The results provide an assessment of the future state of NPS. Based on EDN-NPSP presented in this work, we can avoid complicated manual feature extraction and provide the predicted state directly and rapidly. It will provide operators with useful prediction information and enhance the nuclear energy system fault prediction capabilities.
Plasmonic devices based on the dual coupled graphene-integrated ring resonators

We have proposed a couple of plasmonic devices based on graphene sheets and ring resonators. The highly frequency-tunable multi-mode plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) device based on monolayer graphene and rings for the mid-IR region is presented in theory firstly. The multi-mode transparency windows in the spectral responses and slow light effects can be achieved in plasmonic configuration composed of two graphene resonators coupled with single-layer graphene waveguide. By varying the Fermi energy of the graphene, the multi-mode PIT resonance can be dynamic controlled without reoptimizing the geometric parameters of the structures. Based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) and Fabry-Perot (FP), we numerically investigated direct coupling and indirect coupling in the graphene-integrated PIT systems. In addition, the theoretical plasmonic devices based on graphene sheets and ring resonators are also proposed to perform as 1×2 optical spatial switch or ultra -compact Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The finite element method (FEM) is carried on to verify our designs. Those designs may pave the ways for the further development of the compact high-performance plasmonic communication devices.
Experimental determination of the rate law for charge carrier decay in a polythiophene: Fullerene solar cell

We use transient photovoltage and differential charging experiments, complemented by transient absorption data, to determine charge carrier lifetimes and densities in a poly(3-hexylthiophene): methanofullerene solar cell at Voc as a function of white light-bias intensity. For a typical device, the charge carrier decay dynamics are observed to exhibit an approximately third order dependence on charge density (dn∕dt∝n3).
Elastic/crystalline-viscoplastic finite element analysis of dynamic deformation of sheet metal

Describes the development of a dynamic‐explicit type finite‐element formulation based on elastic/crystalline‐viscoplastic theory to predict the dynamic forming limits of sheet metal. Formulates an evolution equation governing all the slip stages of a single crystal, by modifying Pierce and Bassani’s crystalline plasticity models. Interprets precisely the experimentally observed hardening evolution. Takes account of the importance of the strain rate and temperature sensitivity of the material in predicting dynamic plastic instability. Analyses the deformation and strain localization in a rectangular sheet under stretching, in relation to the plane strain assumption, using the numerical results to demonstrate the influences of tension force and temperature on strain localization, and to show the temperature dependence of shear band formation. Demonstrates that the deviation of tension direction from the axis of symmetry of a single crystal causes non‐simultaneous sliding between primary and conjugate slip systems, resulting in S‐shaped non‐symmetrical deformation.