Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Learner and Team Modeling for Adaptive Training and Education in Support of the US Army Learning Model: Research Outline

Abstract : While human tutoring and mentoring are common teaching tools, current US Army standards for training and education are group instruction and classroom training, also known as one-to-many instruction. Recently, the US Army placed significant emphasis on self-regulated learning (SRL) methods to augment institutional training where Soldiers will be largely responsible for managing their own learning. In support of the US Army Learning Model and to provide affordable, tailored, SRL training and educational capabilities for the US Army, the US Army Research Laboratory is investigating and developing adaptive tools and methods to largely automate the authoring (creation), delivery of instruction, and evaluation of computer-regulated training and education capabilities. A major goal within this research program is to reduce the time and skill required to author, deliver, and evaluate adaptive technologies to make them usable by a larger segment of the training and educational community. This research includes 5 interdependent research vectors: individual learner and unit modeling, instructional management principles, domain modeling, authoring tools and methods, and evaluation tools and methods. This report (1 of 6 interdependent research outlines) focuses on individual learner and team modeling research for adaptive training and education. Learner and team models enable adaptive training systems to determine the most appropriate training content and/or methods for each individual or team. The research focuses on the structure of those models and how those models can be used to best adapt training. This outline describes past and current research on learner and team modeling and identifies research gaps that need to be addressed.
Leaking Arbitrarily Many Secrets: Any-out-of-Many Proofs and Applications to RingCT Protocols

Ring Confidential Transaction (RingCT) protocol is an effective cryptographic component for preserving the privacy of cryptocurrencies. However, existing RingCT protocols are instantiated from one-out-of-many proofs with only one secret, leading to low efficiency and weak anonymity when handling transactions with multiple inputs. Additionally, current partial knowledge proofs with multiple secrets are neither secure nor efficient to be applied in a RingCT protocol.In this paper, we propose a novel any-out-of-many proof, a logarithmic-sized zero-knowledge proof scheme for showing the knowledge of arbitrarily many secrets out of a public list. Unlike other partial knowledge proofs that have to reveal the number of secrets [ACF21], our approach proves the knowledge of multiple secrets without leaking the exact number of them. Furthermore, we improve the efficiency of our method with a generic inner-product transformation to adopt the Bulletproofs compression [BBB+18], which reduces the proof size to 2⌈log2(N)⌉+9.Based on our proposed proof scheme, we further construct a compact RingCT protocol for privacy cryptocurrencies, which can provide a logarithmic-sized communication complexity for transactions with multiple inputs. More importantly, as the only known RingCT protocol instantiated from the partial knowledge proofs, our protocol can achieve the highest anonymity level compared with other approaches like Omniring [LRR+19]. For other applications, such as multiple ring signatures, our protocol can also be applied with some modifications. We believe our techniques are also applicable in other privacy-preserving scenarios, such as multiple ring signatures and coin-mixing in the blockchain.
SME: Scalable Masking Extensions

Supporting masking countermeasures for non-invasive side-channel security in instructions set architectures is a hard problem. Masked operations often have a large number of inputs and outputs, and enabling portable higher order masking has remained a diﬃcult. However, there are clear beneﬁts to enabling this in terms of performance, code density and security guarantees. We present SME , an instruction set extension for enabling secure and eﬃcient software masking of cryptographic code at higher security orders. Our design improves on past work by enabling the same software to run at higher masking orders, depending on the level of security the CPU/SoC implementer has deemed appropriate for their product or device at design time. Our approach relies on similarities between implementations of higher order masking schemes and traditional vector programming. It greatly simpliﬁes the task of writing masked software, and restores the basic promise of ISAs: that the same software will run correctly and securely on any correctly implemented CPU with the necessary security guarantees. We describe our concept as a custom extension to the RISC-V ISA, and its soon to be ratiﬁed scalar cryptography extension. An example implementation is also described, with performance and area tradeoﬀs detailed for several masking security orders. To our knowledge, ours is the ﬁrst example of enabling ﬂexible side-channel secure implementations of the oﬃcial RISC-V lightweight cryptography instructions.
LTUHH@STSS: Applying Coreference to Literary Scene Segmentation

In this work, we describe a system for scene segmentation that, relying on character constellations as one of the deﬁning characteristics of scenes, employs a state-of-the-art coreference system. Conceptually building on one of the presented baseline systems, we use a transformer model, enhanced with additional coreference-based features, to identify scene boundaries on the basis of sentence pairs. Finding one of our system’s core weaknesses to lie in its local decision making, we adapt an equidistance constraint, avoiding the common error of predicting very short scenes that in many cases only cover a single sentence. We show that coreference is a suitable feature for scene segmentation and experiment with dynamic programming approaches for non-local decisions. This work is a submission for the shared task scene segmentation (STSS) held at KONVENS 2021, where task participants were asked to, given annotated training data, build systems that split novels into scenes: segments narrating a coherent action in one location with the same characters. Our system ranks 4/4 and 4/5 in Track 1 and Track 2, respectively.
Person Identification Based on Accelerations Sensed in Smartphones with LSTM

: User identiﬁcation is an important task for a variety of purposes such as authentication or providing personalized advice for improving user experience. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying a user who is holding a smartphone out of previously given target users from acceleration data obtained from the accelerometer in the smartphone using a deep neural network. This proposed method preliminary creates the model from the acceleration data of each user while walking in its training phase. This method identiﬁes the user from acceleration data for identiﬁcation based on this model in the classiﬁcation phase. We evaluated the proposed method with the acceleration obtained from the actual eight and twelve users in two aspects, which were identiﬁcations including no-decision choice and that without no-decision choice. Our evaluation showed that the proposed method achieved accuracies higher than 95% for two-to ﬁve-class identiﬁcation without no-decision . The proposed method identiﬁed the user with no or little false positive in evaluations with “ no-decision . ”
LF-band noise in MOSFET in low power operation

Noise performance of a commercial MOSFET was evaluated for the amplifier application in LF-band. The level of 1/f noise referred to the gate was about -126 dbV/Hz at 1 Hz and was proportional to f-0.9. At 100 kHz noise was white and was equivalent to the thermal noise from 1 kΩ and 100 kΩ at the drain current of 100 μA and 1 μA, respectively. 2SK1771 is acceptable as the amplifying device connected to a tuning circuit whose resonant impedance is more than the values stated above.
Privacy-preserving Identity Management System

Recently, a self-sovereign identity model has been researched actively as an alternative to the existing identity models such as a centralized identity model, federated identity model, and user-centric model. The self-sovereign identity model allows a user to have complete control of his identity. Meanwhile, the core component of the self-sovereign identity model is data minimization. The data minimization signiﬁes that the extent of the exposure of user private identity should be minimized. As a solution to data minimization, zero-knowledge proofs can be grafted to the self-sovereign identity model. Speciﬁcally, zero-knowledge Succinct Non-interactive ARgument of Knowledges(zk-SNARKs) enables proving the truth of the statement on an arbitrary relation. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving self-sovereign identity model based on zk-SNARKs to allow any type of data minimization beyond the selective disclosure and range proof. The security of proposed model is formally proven under the security of the zero-knowledge proof and the unforge-ability of the signature in the random oracle model. Furthermore, we optimize the proving time by checking the correctness of the commitment outside of the proof relation for practical use. The resulting scheme improves proving time for hash computation (to verify a commitment input) from 0.5 s to about 0.1 ms on a 32-bit input.
Novel SEU hardened PD SOI SRAM cell

A novel SEU hardened 10T PD SOI SRAM cell is proposed. By dividing each pull-up and pull-down transistor in the cross-coupled inverters into two cascaded transistors, this cell suppresses the parasitic BJT and source-drain penetration charge collection effect in PD SOI transistor which causes the SEU in PD SOI SRAM. Mixed-mode simulation shows that this novel cell completely solves the SEU, where the ion affects the single transistor. Through analysis of the upset mechanism of this novel cell, SEU performance is roughly equal to the multiple-cell upset performance of a normal 6T SOI SRAM and it is thought that the SEU performance is 17 times greater than traditional 6T SRAM in 45nm PD SOI technology node based on the tested data of the references. To achieve this, the new cell adds four transistors and has a 43.4% area overhead and performance penalty.
Applying Generative Adversarial Networks to perform gaze path prediction in websites (Discussion Paper)

In recent years, gaze path prediction has become a topic widely studied by computer scientists, who have proposed a variety of approaches to address this issue in the context of natural images. Among these approaches, the ones based on deep learning and, in particular, on Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have proven to be extremely accurate. When moving from natural images to websites, gaze path prediction becomes much more complex. As an evidence of this fact, no GAN-based approaches have yet been presented to solve this problem. In this paper, we aim at filling this gap by proposing two GAN-based approaches capable of predicting the gaze path of a user when looking at a website.
Traffic Density Estimation via Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (Discussion Paper)

Monitoring traffic flows in cities is crucial to improve urban mobility, and images are the best sensing modality to perceive and assess the flow of vehicles in large areas. However, current machine learning-based technologies using images hinge on large quantities of annotated data, preventing their scalability to city-scale as new cameras are added to the system. We propose a new methodology to design image-based vehicle density estimators with few labeled data via an unsupervised domain adaptation technique.
A single-crystal piezoelectric scanner for scanning probe microscopy

In this paper, a small size monolithic XY scanner was designed and fabricated. The scanner has a flat triangular shape and consists of two 0.5mm-thick and 5mm-long lead-zinc-niobate-lead-titanate ((1x)Pb(ZnNb)O3 - xPbTiO3) or PZN-PT rods. The use of this material is critical to the reduction of the scanner size. The mechanical resonance characteristics for the PZN-PT rods and the assembled scanner were tested. The fabricated scanner provides a high resonance frequency and assured parallelism between the scanner and the sample surface. It enables a fast open loop control capability that naturally lends itself to use in scanning probe microscopy. The scanner and a self-sensing cantilever were integrated into a small-size atomic force microscope (AFM) design. A commercially available self-sensing cantilever and an additional actuator were used for contact scanning of a HOPG (Highly Ordered Pyrolytic Graphite) sample surface. The scanning performance of the scanner was verified by obtaining atomically resolved image of the HOPG surface.
Determining optimal switching speed for memristors in neuromorphic system

As non-volatile memory based on resistive switching becomes more mature, memristor devices with very fast switching times are becoming more prominent. However, this reported work shows that memristor devices with slow switching times (of about 10 µs) are more appropriate for use in neuromorphic systems. This is done by modelling a series of memristors that differ in their switching time. Simulation of a memristor-based neuromorphic circuit is performed using each of these modelled devices. Devices with a high switching speed require unrealistically small voltage pulses to incrementally change the memristor resistance.
A Concrete Treatment of Efficient Continuous Group Key Agreement via Multi-Recipient PKEs

Continuous group key agreements (CGKAs) are a class of protocols that can provide strong security guarantees to secure group messaging protocols such as Signal and MLS. Protection against device compromise is provided by commit messages: at a regular rate, each group member may refresh their key material by uploading a commit message, which is then downloaded and processed by all the other members. In practice, propagating commit messages dominates the bandwidth consumption of existing CGKAs. We propose Chained CmPKE, a CGKA with an asymmetric bandwidth cost: in a group of N members, a commit message costs O(N) to upload and O(1) to download, for a total bandwidth cost of O(N). In contrast, TreeKEM costs (log N) in both directions, for a total cost (N log N). Our protocol relies on generic primitives, and is therefore readily post-quantum. We go one step further and propose post-quantum primitives that are tailored to \Chained CmPKE, which allows us to cut the growth rate of uploaded commit messages by two or three orders of magnitude compared to naive instantiations. Finally, we realize a software implementation of Chained CmPKE. Our experiments show that even for groups with a size as large as N = 2^10, commit messages can be computed and processed in less than 100 ms.
AUDIT SUPPORT PLUG-IN SYSTEM BY THE USE OF ONTOLOGY MODEL

Auditing against Generic Management System requirements, like requirements of ISO 9001, is an established means for evaluating organizational capabilities. In ISO 9001, auditors check individual management system based on generic management system standards. Auditors faced with semantic problems because they must interpret the meaning of individual complex management system from the stand point of generic management system standards. To solve this semantic problem, audit support system has been developed using ontology editor. However the audit support system is not widespread, because the ontology editor is so complex. In ontology editor Protege, too many functions for the ontology operations are provided. The main objective of this paper is to develop a new audit support plug-in system, which supports auditors who don’t know about ontology concepts will be able to solve the semantic problems. In this paper, first we analyze complexity of conventional audit support system. Next, we construct plug-in system that is customized in audit by the use of Protege plug-in function.
Lead-free electronics use and repair dynamic simulation

Title of Document: LEAD-FREE ELECTRONICS USE AND REPAIR DYNAMIC SIMULATION Andrew Charles Chaloupka, Master of Science, 2009 Directed By: Dr. Peter Sandborn, Professor of Mechanical Engineering The conversion from tin-lead to lead-free electronics has increased concern amongst engineers about the reliability of electronic assemblies that have been repaired with lead-free parts. Program-level management is often told by engineers that the “sky is falling” due to an unforeseen technical issue but is not moved to action without the occurrence of an unfortunate incident or a quantitative business case. Unfortunately, engineers often do not have the tools to articulate the risks and impacts that they foresee in terms that management understands such as cost and availability. In order to communicate the impact of the tin-lead to lead-free electronics conversion in terms of cost and availability, a simulation of fielded electronic systems to and through a repair facility was created. Systems manufactured with tin-lead parts (or a mixture of tin-lead and lead-free parts) that potentially have to be repaired with a mixture of tin-lead and lead-free parts are modeled. The model includes the effects of repair prioritization, multiple possible failure mechanisms, no-fault-founds, and un-repairable units. These effects are used to quantify and demonstrate the systemand enterpriselevel risks posed by the tin-lead to lead-free conversion issue. Example analyses were performed on electronic assemblies that use SAC (tin, silver and copper) and tin-lead solder using a repair process modeled after a NSWC Crane Aviation Repair Process. The components considered consisted of SMT passive, BGA, CSP and TSOP packaged parts that experienced three different thermal cycling profiles. The impact of the conversion from tin-lead to SAC for the example system is studied and the cost and availability impacts were quantified. The case studies revealed that when exposed to usage profiles characteristic of consumer electronics, low maximum and mean thermal cycling temperatures with long dwell times, SAC exhibited significantly reduced repair costs when compared to tin-lead. For usage profiles characteristic of aerospace and high performance applications, high maximum and mean thermal cycling temperatures with short dwell times, SAC exhibited significantly increased repair costs when compared to tin-lead. It was also found that the NSWC Crane Aviation Repair Process (as modeled) is more than capable of handling a population of 8,000 LRUs even when experiencing a 50% reduction in capacity. As a result, prioritizing the repair of LRUs had no significant impact on the cost or availability metrics for the cases considered. In addition, the rate of LRU field deployment had no impact when using the NSWC Crane Aviation Repair Process. LEAD-FREE ELECTRONICS USE AND REPAIR DYNAMIC SIMULATION
Reverberation characteristics of a large welded steel shielded enclosure

For the past several years, there has been an increasing interest in the possibility of testing large items such as aircraft in a reverberation chamber. One of the concerns is the scaleability of the operational characteristics of reverberation chambers. The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) maintains a database on the performance of operating reverberation chambers worldwide. This data consists of stirring ratio data at 1 GHz. Currently there are data from ten chambers in the data base. The volumes of these chambers range from less than 1 m/sup 3/ to about 200 m/sup 3/. The characteristics are scaleable over this two order of magnitude variation in volume. To test a reasonably large aircraft, a chamber would have to have a volume of 5/spl times/10/sup 4/ m/sup 3/ or greater. The two order of magnitude extrapolation for an expensive facility is of concern. An opportunity arose to test an empty cavity with a volume of about 2500 m/sup 3/. This volume is intermediate between that of the chambers in the database and a chamber required for testing large aircraft.
Desempenho da sonda de dissipação térmica na medida da transpiração de plantas jovens de Lima Ácida

Because of the difficulty to quantify water consumption of a single tree, for irrigation scheduling, a series of techniques has appeared that directly measure the sap flow through the stem which can be related directly to transpiration. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of one of these methods, called heat dissipation probe method (HDP), in the measurement of sap flow using Tahiti lemon trees. Experiments were installed in an orchard of young trees, located in the experimental farm of irrigation of ESALQ, in Piracicaba, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The evaluation was carried out using two weight lysimeters. The results demonstrated that the method can be used to measure the transpiration in citrus; however, the accuracy depends on theoretical concepts that should be considered and of certain corrections that should be accomplished. Those considerations as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed in this work.
The Acoustical Characteristics of the Kocatepe Mosque in Ankara, Turkey

Abstract This research investigates the acoustical characteristics of mosques of the classical Ottoman period and the contemporary period. Kocatepe Mosque, the major mosque in Ankara, Turkey, as a case from the contemporary era is a unique combination of 16th century Ottoman aesthetics and 20th century technology. Although previous and recent mosques have been inspired by this combination, the use of a reinforced concrete dome without cavity resonators could cause long reverberation times especially in low frequencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate this condition by studying Kocatepe Mosque. The acoustical characteristics of the mosque were analyzed by computer simulation. Objective room-acoustic indicators including reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), clarity (C80), definition (D50), lateral fraction (LF), speech transmission index (STI) and strength (G) are presented. The results show that the acoustical quality of Kocatepe Mosque is not optimal when it is empty, and closest to optimal conditions when fully occupied. The new techniques to overcome excessive low frequency attenuation caused by huge concrete shells of today's mosques are discussed in conclusion.