Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using tissue clearing and light sheet fluorescence microscopy for the three‐dimensional analysis of sensory and sympathetic nerve endings that innervate bone and dental tissue of mice

Abstract Bone and dental tissues are richly innervated by sensory and sympathetic neurons. However, the characterization of the morphology, molecular phenotype, and distribution of nerves that innervate hard tissue has so far mostly been limited to thin histological sections. This approach does not adequately capture dispersed neuronal projections due to the loss of important structural information during three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction. In this study, we modified the immunolabeling‐enabled imaging of solvent‐cleared organs (iDISCO/iDISCO+) clearing protocol to image high‐resolution neuronal structures in whole femurs and mandibles collected from perfused C57Bl/6 mice. Axons and their nerve terminal endings were immunolabeled with antibodies directed against protein gene product 9.5 (pan‐neuronal marker), calcitonin gene–related peptide (peptidergic nociceptor marker), or tyrosine hydroxylase (sympathetic neuron marker). Volume imaging was performed using light sheet fluorescence microscopy. We report high‐quality immunolabeling of the axons and nerve terminal endings for both sensory and sympathetic neurons that innervate the mouse femur and mandible. Importantly, we are able to follow their projections through full 3D volumes, highlight how extensive their distribution is, and show regional differences in innervation patterns for different parts of each bone (and surrounding tissues). Mapping the distribution of sensory and sympathetic axons, and their nerve terminal endings, in different bony compartments may be important in further elucidating their roles in health and disease.
The Fruit in Alleviating Neurological Diseases via the Gut-Brain Axis

Fruits, as an important component of a healthy diet, not only contain essential nutrients for daily life, but also contain various bioactive substances, which have beneficial effects on human health. Currently, research on fruit function has focused on fruit and gut microbiota. The gut microbiota affects many important functions of the body through metabolism. At present, the relationship between gut microbiota and brain diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. has become a research focus. In the study of fruits and gut microbiota, researchers have found that it is mainly through regulating the composition of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). It is currently known that disorder of SCFA in the gut is one of the important mechanisms for some diseases. Mental disorders such as depression and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are all associated with SCFA. Meanwhile, with the study of fruit and gut microbiota, it may be possible to prevent or even alleviate some neurological diseases by modifying the intake of fruits. In recent years, gut microbiota, ASD, and fruit intake have become important issue, and there are many related literature but a lack of systematic review. This paper analyzed the impact of different types of fruits on gut microbiota, as well as the disruption of SCFA caused by changes in gut microbiota in patients with neurological diseases. It also demonstrates that some bioactive substances can regulate SCFA, providing ideas for the treatment and alleviation of some diseases.
Fintech Security Challenges in the Financial Services Industry: A Fintech Security Challenges in the Financial Services Industry: A Systematic Literature Review (2018-2022) Systematic Literature Review (2018-2022)

: Over the past year, financial technology (Fintech) has attracted more and more attention to practice and research. The emergence of financial technology is one of the major modifications to the financial environment caused by technical breakthroughs and the global financial crisis. Studies of financial technology have recently expanded into a number of areas, to the practical side. In addition to helping the Financial Services Industry enhance security, a clear understanding of uses of the fintech ecosystem will be instrumental in developing the most popular and secure fintech application. In order to identify topics for the financial technology research agenda, this study will conduct extensive examination, through conducting Systematic Literature Review, the aim is to reveal the security challenges topics of Fintech during 2018-2022, for future agenda.
Gold Mining and Education: A Long-run Resource Curse in Africa?

Abstract Combining Afrobarometer survey data with geocoded data on the discovery and shutdown dates of gold mines, we show that individuals who had gold mines within their district when they were in adolescence have significantly lower educational attainment as adults. Exploring mechanisms, we find that this effect is not driven by endogenous migration, nor a higher incidence of conflicts, nor by a lower provision of schools in mining districts. While data limitations prevent us from fully exploring other channels, prior work as well as suggestive evidence point towards a higher incidence of child labour in mining district as the main mechanism.
re-Endoscopic submucosal dissection of malignant non-pedunculated colorectal lesions

Background and study aims Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an established method for en bloc resection of large non-pedunculated colorectal lesions in Asia but dissemination of ESD in Western countries is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of ESD in the management of malignant non-pedunculated colorectal lesions in a European center.
Taming the influence of dipolar interactions in nanoparticle assemblies for magnetic hyperthermia

Magnetic hyperthermia is one of the most promising biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles (NP) and is intended to be alternative to cancer therapies based on drug delivery and radiotherapy. The range of suitable intrinsic parameters of the NP (such as saturation magnetization, anisotropy, shape and size) [1] and of applied magnetic ac fields that maximize the specific absorption rate (SAR) has been thoroughly studied [2] and mostly understood. However, there is still ongoing controversy on the role that aggregation state of the assemblies and dipolar interactions (DI) play on SAR. Here, we will study in regular lattices on SAR using Monte Carlo simulations of hysteresis loops in the macrospin approximation [3], showing that SAR can be increased or decreased with respect to the non-interacting case depending on the spatial arrangement of the NP assembly, particle size and separation. Next, we will show that, although in random assemblies dipolar interactions usually decrease SAR, their pernicious effect can be diminished by controlling: 1) the thickness of the surfactant covering the NP forming the clusters (Fig. a), 2) the regions on which the NP are deposited [4] (inside and at the surface of liposomes/cells, clusters), and 3) the global shape of the disordered assemblies (Fig.
- : IMUNOHISTOHEMIJSKA STUDIJA ASSOCIATION OF CARCINOMA-ASSOCIATED FIBROBLASTS WITH CLINICO-PATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA: AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY

Introduction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in the progression, recurrence and poor prognosis of OSCC. The aim: To determine the density of CAFs in the tumorstroma (TS) of OSCC, and to determine the association of the density of CAFs with clinico-pathological parameters and disease relapse in patients with OSCC. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples from primary OSCC was performed in 45 patients operated at the University Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, in Skopje, North Macedonia. A mouse primary monoclonal antibody: anti-α-SMA was used to visualize CAFs. The density of CAFs α-SMA+ was grouped into 4 grades, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. Results: The presence of CAFs was not determined in tissue samples from all patients with OSCC. There is a significant association of the density of CAFs in the primary tumor with T, N and TNM-status, respectively (p=0.0006, p=0.0255, p=0.0164). The Difference test determined that only in case of disease relapse in the form of local recurrence, the percentage representation of patients with CAFs present was significantly higher compared to patients who did not have CAFs (p=0.0001). Conclusions: These findings are suggestive of the role of CAFs in disease progression, but are insufficient to be included as a parameter in a standardized histopathological finding.
Performance Assessment of 8 X 112 Gbps Coherent WDM OFDM based ROF system using SMF and ULAF cables for Long Reach

: - Using higher order modulation formats along with coherent detection scheme at receiving end systems enable a new generation of high speed and spectrally efficient optical transport platforms. Here we established 8 x 112 Gbps (0.896 Tb/s) WDM ROF link employing 32 QAM-OFDM modulation schemes concept up to considerably long reach. Use of 32-QAM format and 112Gbps data rate per channel for suggested 3000Km channel span make our proposed research work different from other research works. The analysis carried out for proposed WDM ROF link systems with pre-optical amplifier inside link, one optical amplifier outside and one inside loop span and both optical inside designed recirculating loop channel span from 1000 km to 5000 kilometers. Here amplifiers were used in gain-controlled operation mode. Without using any specific dispersion or non-linearity mitigation scheme our simulation results shown that 3000 km is the best suitable transmission distance for our proposed system with specified parameters. Extensive simulations were carried out to analyze the performance of suggested system in terms of parametric values of Estimated Symbol Error, Error Vector Magnitude and Q-factor for link span from 1000 km to 5000 km.
The distribution of inputs of acidity and nitrogen across the UK

Upland heath covers extensive areas of moorland between enclosed farmland and montane regions on nutrient poor, acidic surface soils (usually peats or peaty podzols) in the north and west of the UK. A product traditionally of burning and grazing management, the plant community is dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris) and other shrubs including bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). The economically and ecologically important vegetation provides grazing for grouse, sheep and deer, and habitat for diverse bryophytes, lichens, invertebrates and raptor birds. Large areas were lost in the 20th century due to changing land use, over-grazing and management neglect. In parts of Britain, high levels of sulphur dioxide and acid rain have damaged the soils and vegetation of upland heath and related moorland ecosystems. Recently, nitrogen (N) deposition has become recognised as an additional threat to the structure and function of these nutrient-poor communities.
Copy Number Variation of the Beta Defensin Gene Cluster on Chromosome 8p Influences the Bacterial Microbiota within the Nasopharynx of Otitis-Prone Children

As there is increasing evidence that aberrant defensin expression is related to susceptibility for infectious disease and inflammatory disorders, we sought to determine if copy number of the beta-defensin gene cluster located on chromosome 8p23.1 (DEFB107, 106, 105, 104, 103, DEFB4 and SPAG11), that shows copy number variation as a block, was associated with susceptibility to otitis media (OM). The gene DEFB103 within this complex encodes human beta defensin-3 (hBD-3), an antimicrobial peptide (AP) expressed by epithelial cells that line the mammalian airway, important for defense of mucosal surfaces and previously shown to have bactericidal activity in vitro against multiple human pathogens, including the three that predominate in OM. To this end, we conducted a retrospective case-control study of 113 OM prone children and 267 controls aged five to sixty months. We identified the copy number of the above defined beta-defensin gene cluster (DEFB-CN) in each study subject by paralogue ratio assays. The mean DEFB-CN was indistinguishable between subjects classified as OM prone based on a recent history of multiple episodes of OM and control subjects who had no history of OM (4.4±0.96 versus 4.4±1.08, respectively: Odds Ratio [OR]: 1.16 (95% CI: 0.61, 2.20). Despite a lack of direct association, we observed a statistically significant correlation between DEFB-CN and nasopharyngeal bacterial colonization patterns. Collectively, our findings suggested that susceptibility to OM might be mediated by genetic variation among individuals, wherein a DEFB-CN less than 4 exerts a marked influence on the microbiota of the nasopharynx, specifically with regard to colonization by the three predominant bacterial pathogens of OM.
Genesis Of Precambrian Iron And Manganese Deposits

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Effort and Size Estimation in Software Projects with Large Language Model-based Intelligent Interfaces

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLM) has also resulted in an equivalent proliferation in its applications. Software design, being one, has gained tremendous benefits in using LLMs as an interface component that extends fixed user stories. However, inclusion of LLM-based AI agents in software design often poses unexpected challenges, especially in the estimation of development efforts. Through the example of UI-based user stories, we provide a comparison against traditional methods and propose a new way to enhance specifications of natural language-based questions that allows for the estimation of development effort by taking into account data sources, interfaces and algorithms.
Utilization-Adjusted TFP Across Countries: Measurement and Implications for International Comovement

This paper develops estimates of TFP growth adjusted for movements in unobserved factor utilization for a panel of 29 countries and up to 37 years. When factor utilization changes are unobserved, the commonly used Solow residual mismeasures actual changes in TFP. We use a general equilibrium dynamic multi-country multi-sector model to derive a production function estimating equation that corrects for unobserved factor usage. We compare the properties of utilization-adjusted TFP series to the standard Solow residual, and quantify the roles of both TFP and utilization for international business cycle comovement. Utilization-adjusted TFP is virtually uncorrelated across countries, and does not generate much GDP comovement through its propagation. Shocks to factor utilization can more successfully account for international co-movement. <br><br>Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at <a href="http://www.nber. org/papers/&#119;26803" TARGET="_blank">www.nber. org</a>. <br>
Kinematic Gait Analysis for School age Children in Capital Kinematic Gait Analysis for School age Children in Capital Governorate at Kuwait Governorate at Kuwait

: Background: pediatric gait evaluation is considered an important element of children’s physical assessment and reflects their quality of life, health status and physical functions. Purpose: analyze kinematic gait parameters in normal school age children in Capital governorate at Kuwait and compare these findings with normal standard values Methods: Sixty normal healthy children from different schools at capital governorate in Kuwait were selected. Their ages were ranged from 6 to 12 years of both genders with normal Body mass index (BMI). They were assigned into three groups, group (A) 6 -8 years, group (B) 8 -10 years where group (C) 10 -12 years. All children underwent physical evaluations that were carried out for eligibility of selection. Then they scheduled for gait analysis using bioengineering BTS-FREEEMG 300 gait lab. The measured Kinematic gait parameters included temporal (stride time, stance time, swing time, stance phase, swing phase double support phase, velocity, and cadence), and spatial (stride length, step length, step width). Results: there were significant statistical difference between Kuwait children and normal standard values in some parameters as stride time for group A and group B, stance phase for group B, velocity for group A, B, and C, cadence for group C, step length for group A, B, and C and step width for group A and C. Conclusion: It can be concluded that kinematics gait analysis of Kuwait school age children at the capital governorate resembles and consistent with normal standard values ,except some values that differ significantly from the normal standard values.
Bullous Pemphigoid: Clinical Practice Guidelines (cid:2)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease in which autoantibodies are directed against components of the basement membrane. Most of these antibodies belong to the immunoglobulin G class and bind principally to 2 hemidesmosomal proteins: the 180-kD antigen (BP180) and the 230-kD antigen (BP230). It is the most common blistering disease in the adult population in developed countries, with an estimated incidence in Spain of 0.2 to 3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The disease primarily affects older people, although it can also occur in young people and even in children. In recent years, advances in clinical practice have led to a better understanding and improved management of this disorder. These advances include new diagnostic techniques, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for BP180 and new drugs for the treatment of BP, with diverse therapeutic targets. There is, however, still no international consensus on guidelines for the management of BP. This article is an updated review of the scientiﬁc literature on the treatment of BP. It focuses primarily on evidence-based recommendations and is written from a practical standpoint based on experience in the routine management of this disease.
Flood-related fatalities during the flood of July 2021 in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany: what can be learnt for future flood risk management?

During the severe flooding in July 2021 190 people lost their lives in Germany, which is the highest number of flood-related fatalities since 1962. 49 people died in the densely populated state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), whose flood risk management has, however, often been regarded as pioneering in Germany. To further improve flood risk management in NRW, the causes and circumstances of all 49 flood-related deaths were analyzed. Based on official files a structured document analysis was performed and a new coding scheme was developed that relates accident locations and victims’ activities to accident dynamics and causes of death. Circumstances and causes of death differed significantly between in-/outdoor accidents, age groups, and areas with different event magnitudes. Elderly people (>60 years) were particularly at risk; they account for two thirds of the dead. Eight of the 25 people who died in a building were surprised by water entry into their apartments. In addition, there are indications that nine of 24 people who died outdoors were surprised and caught by water on their way home or when trying to leave the flooded zone. Hence, it is assumed that a lack of warning played a role in around one third of the cases. In most of the remaining cases, hazards were underestimated pinpointing to insufficient awareness and weaknesses of crisis and risk communication. 14 people died in their basements while attempting to inspect equipment (e.g., pumps) or to inspect, minimize, or repair damage. Since property-level adaptation has been emphasized in flood risk communication, life-threatening situations during fast onset-flooding and the priority to be safe have to be emphasized in future communications. It has to be acknowledged that the official hazard maps indicated no risk from flooding at around half of the 49 accident locations illustrating the exceptional event magnitude and shortcomings of existing hazard maps. Still, warning levels and flood hazard maps should be better linked to identify hazard zones and to enable appropriate behavior including (self-)evacuation.
Research Online

In this paper, we study radio frequency energy harvesting (EH) in a wireless sensor network in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers (EAVs). Speciﬁcally, the sensor source and multiple sensor relays harvest energy from multiple power transfer stations (PTSs), and then, the source uses this harvested energy to transmit information to the base station (BS) with the help of the relays. During the transmission of information, the BS typically faces a risk of losing information due to the EAVs. Thus, to enhance the secrecy of the considered system, one of the relays acts as a jammer, using harvested energy to generate interference with the EAVs. We propose a best-relay-and-best-jammer scheme for this purpose and compare this scheme with other previous schemes. The exact closed-form expression for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) is obtained and is validated through Monte Carlo simulations. A near-optimal EH time algorithm is also proposed. In addition, the effects on the SOP of key system parameters such as the EH efﬁciency coefﬁcient, the EH time, the distance between the relay and BS, the number of PTSs, the number of relays, and the number of EAVs are investigated. The results indicate that the proposed scheme generally outperforms both the best-relay-and-random-jammer scheme and the random-relay-and-best-jammer scheme in terms of the secrecy capacity.
Investigation of Diﬀerent Chemical Realizations for Molecular Matrix Multiplications

Intelligent nano-machines are a promising candidate technology for the next generation of health care. The realization of such units relies on novel, unconventional approaches, to allow for bio-compatibility and managing space constraints. In this work, we present three chemical processes, that can be used to realize a recently proposed molecular matrix multiplication unit on the lab-scale. The matrix multiplication is the fundamental operation for the realization of neural networks and, therefore, artiﬁcial intelligence. Hence, this work presents an important step towards practical realization of intelligent nano-machines for the next generation health care.