Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How yield relates to ash content, D 13 C and D 18 O in maize grown under different water regimes

† Background and Aims Stable isotopes have proved a valuable phenotyping tool when breeding for yield potential and drought adaptation; however, the cost and technical skills involved in isotope analysis limit its large-scale application in breeding programmes. This is particularly so for D 18 O despite the potential relevance of this trait in C 4 crops. The accumulation of minerals (measured as ash content) has been proposed as an inexpensive way to evaluate drought adaptation and yield in C 3 cereals, but little is known of the usefulness of this measure in C 4 cereals such as maize ( Zea mays ). The present study investigates how yield relates to ash content, D 13 C and D 18 O, and evaluates the use of ash content as an alternative or complementary criterion to stable isotopes in assessing yield potential and drought resistance in maize. † Methods A set of tropical maize hybrids developed by CIMMYT were subjected to different water availabil-ities, in order to induce water stress during the reproductive stages under ﬁeld conditions. Ash content and D 13 C were determined in leaves and kernels. In addition, D 18 O was measured in kernels. † Key Results Water regime signiﬁcantly affected yield, ash content and stable isotopes. The results revealed a close relationship between ash content in leaves and the traits informing about plant water status. Ash content in kernels appeared to reﬂect differences in sink–source balance. Genotypic variation in grain yield was mainly explained by the combination of ash content and D 18 O, whilst D 13 C did not explain a signiﬁcant percentage of such variation. † Conclusions Ash content in leaves and kernels proved a useful alternative complementary to D O in kernels for assessing yield in under
Final Draft Status of the Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a common and serious cardiac rhythm disturbance, is responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the population. Currently about 2.3 million people in the US are diagnosed with AF and, based of the US census, this number is expected to rise to 5.6 million by 2050. It doubles in prevalence with each decade of age, reaching almost 9% at age 80–89 years. It has increased in prevalence over the calendar decades, reaching ‘epidemic’ proportions. This alarming increase in prevalence is incompletely explained by an increase in the population prevalence of elderly individuals, valve disease, heart failure or myocardial infarction. New onset AF also doubles with each decade of age, independent of the prevalence of known predisposing conditions. Based Framingham Study data, men have a 1.5-fold greater risk of developing AF than women after adjustment for age and predisposing conditions. Of the standard cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension, diabetes and obesity are significant independent predictors of AF. Because of its high prevalence hypertension is responsible for more AF in the population (14%) than any other risk factor. Adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, heart failure, valvular heart disease and myocardial infarction substantially increase the likelihood of AF. Echocardiographic predictors of AF include left atrial enlargement, left ventricular fractional shortening, left ventricular wall thickness, and mitral annular calcification, offering prognostic information for AF beyond traditional clinical risk factors. Novel risk factors for AF include reduced vascular compliance, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, environmental factors, inflammation and natriuretic peptides. There is emerging evidence that genetic variation also contributes to risk of atrial fibrillation. resistance, thrombogenic tendencies, sleep apnea, decreased arterial compliance, left atrial volume and diastolic dysfunction.
Characterization of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Gymnastics Participants From 2013 to 2020

Background: Many studies have analyzed gymnastics-related injuries in collegiate and elite athletes, but there is minimal literature analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of injuries in the greater gymnastics community. Hypothesis: A higher incidence of injuries in younger gymnasts between the ages of 6 and 15 years compared with those 16 years and older and a difference in the distribution of injuries between male and female gymnasts. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for all gymnastics-related musculoskeletal injuries presenting to the emergency department (ED) between 2013 and 2020. Incidence was calculated as per 100,000 person-years using the weighted estimates provided by NEISS and national participation data. Chi-square and column proportion z-testing was used to analyze where appropriate. Results: The incidence of gymnastics-related musculoskeletal injuries was 480.7 per 100,000 person-years. Most ED visits were children between the ages of 6 and 15 years (84.0%). Younger gymnasts (ages 6 to 10) were most likely to experience a lower arm fracture, while those over the age of 10 years were most likely to experience an ankle sprain (P < 0.01). Men and boys presented with a much greater proportion of shoulder injuries (8.0% vs 3.9%), while women and girls presented with a greater proportion of elbow injuries (9.9 % vs 5.9%) and wrist (10.5% vs 8.3%) injuries (P < 0.01). Conclusion: As hypothesized, most gymnastics-related injuries between 2013 and 2020 were athletes between 6 and 15 years old. Many of these athletes are attempting new, more difficult, skills and are at increased risk of more acute injury when attempting skills they may be unfamiliar with. Clinical Relevance: With increased pressure to specialize at an early age to maintain competitiveness and learn new, higher-level skills compared with their peers, younger athletes are most susceptible to acute injury. New injury prevention strategies could be implemented to help this high-risk population compete and train safely.
Impacts of Motor Developmental Delay on the Inter-Joint Coordination Using Kinematic Synergies of Joint Angles During Infant Crawling

Motor developmental delay (MDD) usually affects the inter-joint coordination for limb movement. However, the mechanism between the abnormal inter-joint coordination and MDD is still unclear, which poses a challenge for clinical diagnosis and motor rehabilitation of MDD in infant’s early life. This study aimed to explore whether the joint activities of limbs during infant crawling are represented with kinematic synergies of joint angles, and evaluate the impacts of MDD on the inter-joint coordination using those synergies. 20 typically developing infants, 16 infants at risk of developmental delay, 11 infants at high risk of developmental delay and 13 infants with confirmed developmental delay were recruited for self-paced crawling on hands and knees. A motion capture system was employed to trace infants’ limbs in space, and angles of shoulder, elbow, hip and knee over time were computed. Kinematic synergies were derived from joint angles using principal component analysis. Sample entropy and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated among those synergies to evaluate the crawling complexity and the symmetry of bilateral limbs, respectively. We found that the first two synergies with different contributions to the crawling movements sufficiently represented the joint angular profiles of limbs. MDD further delayed the development of motor function for lower limbs and mainly increased the crawling complexity of joint flexion/extension to some extent, but did not obviously change the symmetry of bilateral limbs. These results suggest that the time-varying kinematic synergy of joint angles is a potential index for objectively evaluating the abnormal inter-joint coordination affected by MDD.
Lesion size and shape in central vein sign assessment for multiple sclerosis diagnosis: An in vivo and postmortem MRI study

Background: The “central vein sign” (CVS), a linear hypointensity on T2*-weighted imaging corresponding to a central vein/venule, is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. The effect of lesion-size exclusion criteria on MS diagnostic accuracy has not been extensively studied. Objective: Investigate the optimal lesion-size exclusion criteria for CVS use in MS diagnosis. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 163 MS and 51 non-MS, and radiological/histopathological correlation of 5 MS and 1 control autopsy cases. The effects of lesion-size exclusion on MS diagnosis using the CVS, and intralesional vein detection on histopathology were evaluated. Results: CVS+ lesions were larger compared to CVS− lesions, with effect modification by MS diagnosis (mean difference +7.7 mm3, p = 0.004). CVS percentage-based criteria with no lesion-size exclusion showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in differentiating MS cases. However, a simple count of three or more CVS+ lesions greater than 3.5 mm is highly accurate and can be rapidly implemented (sensitivity 93%; specificity 88%). On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-histopathological correlation, the CVS had high specificity for identifying intralesional veins (0/7 false positives). Conclusion: Lesion-size measures add important information when using CVS+ lesion counts for MS diagnosis. The CVS is a specific biomarker corresponding to intralesional veins on histopathology.
Examining the Factor Structure and Incremental Utility of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires via Bifactor Analysis

Abstract The negative emotional contrast avoidance model posits that pathological worry is maintained by the avoidance of negative emotional shifts. The Contrast Avoidance Questionnaires (CAQ–Worry and CAQ–General Emotion) aim to assess contrast avoidance beliefs and behaviors. Questions remain around the factor structures of the CAQs, whether such structures replicate in nonundergraduate samples, and whether their domain-specific factors are valid for independent use. This study used bifactor analysis in a large community sample (N = 827) to address these gaps in the literature. Results supported bifactor models of both measures. Complementary analyses supported the multidimensionality of the CAQ–Worry, including its strong general factor and independent use of two domain-specific factors, rather than the original three domain-specific factors. The CAQ–General Emotion’s general factor was strong, but the merits of the Discomfort domain-specific factor require more exploration, and use of the Avoidance domain-specific factor is discouraged.
Time Course of Remote Neuropathology Following Diffuse Traumatic Brain Injury in the Male Rat

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can affect different regions throughout the brain. Regions near the site of impact are the most vulnerable to injury. However, damage to distal regions occurs. We investigated progressive neuropathology in the dorsal hippocampus (near the impact) and cerebellum (distal to the impact) after diffuse TBI. Adult male rats were subjected to midline fluid percussion injury or sham injury. Brain tissue was stained by the amino cupric silver stain. Neuropathology was quantified in sub-regions of the dorsal hippocampus at 1, 7, and 28 days post-injury (DPI) and coronal cerebellar sections at 1, 2, and 7 DPI. The highest observed neuropathology in the dentate gyrus occurred at 7 DPI which attenuated by 28 DPI, whereas the highest observed neuropathology was at 1 DPI in the CA3 region. There was no significant neuropathology in the CA1 region at any time point. Neuropathology was increased at 7 DPI in the cerebellum compared to shams and stripes of pathology were observed in the molecular layer perpendicular to the cerebellar cortical surface. Together these data show that diffuse TBI can result in neuropathology across the brain. By describing the time course of pathology in response to TBI, it is possible to build the temporal profile of disease progression.
Causal Feature Selection With Dual Correction

Causal feature selection methods aim to identify a Markov boundary (MB) of a class variable, and almost all the existing causal feature selection algorithms use conditional independence (CI) tests to learn the MB. However, in real-world applications, due to data issues (e.g., noisy or small samples), CI tests can be unreliable; thus, causal feature selection algorithms relying on CI tests encounter two types of errors: false positives (i.e., selecting false MB features) and false negatives (i.e., discarding true MB features). Existing algorithms only tackle either false positives or false negatives, and they cannot deal with both types of errors at the same time, leading to unsatisfactory results. To address this issue, we propose a dual-correction-strategy-based MB learning (DCMB) algorithm to correct the two types of errors simultaneously. Specifically, DCMB selectively removes false positives from the MB features currently selected, while selectively retrieving false negatives from the features currently discarded. To automatically determine the optimal number of selected features for the selective removal and retrieval in the dual correction strategy, we design the simulated-annealing-based DCMB (SA-DCMB) algorithm. Using benchmark Bayesian network (BN) datasets, the experimental results demonstrate that DCMB achieves substantial improvements on the MB learning accuracy compared with the existing MB learning methods. Empirical studies in real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of SA-DCMB for classification against state-of-the-art causal and traditional feature selection algorithms.
Food insecurity is associated with higher respiratory quotient and lower glucagon‐like peptide 1

Food insecurity is known to be associated with obesity, but its association with physiological measures is unclear. Therefore, it was hypothesized that, compared with food‐secure individuals, those with food insecurity would have higher 24‐hour energy expenditure (EE [kilocalories per day]) and 24‐hour respiratory quotient (RQ [ratio]). Subsequently, hormones involved in appetite regulation, substrate oxidation, and EE were explored.
Angiomotin isoform 2 promotes binding of PALS1 to KIF13B at primary cilia and regulates ciliary length and signaling.

The kinesin-3 motor KIF13B functions in endocytosis, vesicle transport, and regulation of ciliary length and signaling. Direct binding of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) DLG1 to KIF13B's MAGUK-binding stalk (MBS) domain relieves motor autoinhibition and promotes microtubule plus end-directed cargo transport. Here we characterize Angiomotin isoform 2 (Ap80) as a novel KIF13B interactor that promotes binding of another MAGUK, the polarity protein and Crumbs complex component PALS1, to KIF13B. Live-cell imaging analysis indicated that Ap80 is concentrated at and recruits PALS1 to the base of primary cilia, but is not itself a cargo of KIF13B. Consistent with a ciliary function for Ap80, its depletion led to elongated primary cilia and reduced agonist-induced ciliary accumulation of SMO, a key component of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, while Ap80 overexpression caused ciliary shortening. Our results suggest that Ap80 activates KIF13B cargo binding at the base of primary cilia to regulate ciliary length, composition and signaling.
Psychiatric disorders, diagnosed in psychiatric clinics, in patients with back pain: A cohort study

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with a non-specific back pain disorder are more likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder than patients with a specific back pain disorder (such as a herniated disc or inflammatory back disorder). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using Danish registries. Results: Our study population included 24,518 patients younger than 61 years and 12,274 patients older than 61 years. In both subpopulations, 60% had a non-specific back pain diagnosis (BPD). In the younger subpopulation, 2.1% of the patients with a non-specific BPD and 1.3% of the patients with a specific BPD had a psychiatric diagnosis within one year of their BPD. In the older subpopulation, 0.6% of patients had a psychiatric diagnosis in both BPD groups. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were stress-related disorders. In the younger subpopulation, patients with non-specific back pain had a higher risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder than patients with specific back pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.25–1.94). The type of BPD had no effect on the risk of having a psychiatric diagnosis among older patients. Conclusions: Patients with a non-specific back pain disorder younger than 61 years were more likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder than patients with a specific back pain disorder. We recommend that spine specialists pay special attention to patients younger than 61 years with a back pain disorder to prevent them from developing a psychiatric disorder.
Animal Model 2-Microglobulin-Associated Regulation of Interferon- and Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin G Confer Resistance Against the Development of Chronic Coxsackievirus Myocarditis

To gain insight into the strategies of the immune system to confer resistance against the development of chronic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) myocarditis we compared the course of the disease in C57BL/6 mice, 2-microglobulin knockout ( 2m / ) mice, and perforin-deficient (perforin / ) mice. We found that perforin / mice as well as immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice reveal a resistant phenotype with complete elimination of the virus from the heart in the course of acute myocarditis. In contrast, myocardial CVB3 infection of 2m / mice was characterized by a significantly higher virus load associated with a fulminant acute inflammatory response and, as a consequence of virus persistence, by the development of chronic myocarditis. Interferonsecretion of stimulated spleen cells was found to be significantly delayed in 2m / mice compared to perforin / mice and C57BL/6 control mice during acute myocarditis. In addition, generation of virus-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were found to be significantly decreased in 2m / mice during acute infection. From these results we conclude that protection against the development of chronic myocarditis strongly depends on the expression of 2m, influencing the catabolism of IgG as well as the production of protective cytokines, such as interferon. Moreover, CVB3-induced cardiac injury and prevention of chronic myocarditis was found to be unrelated to perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in our model system. (Am J Pathol 2003, 162:1709–1720)
Short Communication Full-Length Amyloid-f3(1-42(43)) and Amino-Terminally Modified and Truncated Amyloid-(42(43) Deposit in Diffuse Plaques

The amino- and carboxyl-terminal properties of the amyloid-(3 (A(8) peptides deposited in diffuse plaques, one of the earliestforms of A (deposition, were examined in the brains of patients with Down's syndrome and Al*heimer's disease and in aged individuals without dementia by immunocytochemistry. this was done using a panel of antibodies that specifically discriminate the terminal structures and modifications at the amino and carboxyl termini of A f3. Diffuse plaquesfound in the cerebral and cerebeUar cortex, neostriatum, and hypothalamus of Down's syndrome, Alxheimer's disease, and nondemented brains were strongly immunoreactiveforA(NIJ(L-Asp), A (NI(L-isoAsp), ANI (D-Asp), and A(W3(pyroGlu) and weaklypos-itiveforA(3NI I (pyroGlu) andA,BNI 7(Leu). Diffuse plaques also were positivefor A,842(43) but negative for A(340, using carboxyl-terminal-specifc anti-A (3 antibodies. These results suggest that the amino termini
Cross-sectional analysis of the association of periodontitis with carotid intima media thickness and atherosclerotic plaque in the Hamburg City health study.

BACKGROUND Previous epidemiological studies regarding the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and subclinical atherosclerosis have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether CP is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in a large population-based cohort study conducted in northern Germany (the Hamburg City Health study). METHODS Baseline data from 5781 participants of the Hamburg City Health Study with complete oral health and carotid ultrasound data (50.7% female, mean age: 62.1 ± 8.4 years) were evaluated. A standardized duplex sonography of the carotid artery was performed with measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and atherosclerotic plaques. Oral health was assessed by recording the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the dental plaque index (PI). Correlations were tested for statistical significance by means of descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS Moderate and severe CP were associated with the prevalence of cIMT ≥ 1 mm (none or mild CP: 5.1%, moderate CP: 6.1%, severe CP: 10%) and mean cIMT (none or mild CP: 0.72 mm, moderate CP: 0.75 mm, severe CP: 0.78 mm) in bivariate analyses (p < .001). Additionally, severe and moderate CP were associated with higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques (plaque = yes: none or mild CP: 23.9%, moderate CP: 29%, severe CP: 40.2%,). After adjustment for age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, educational level, hypercholesterolemia, and hsCRP, severe CP still correlated significantly with cIMT and the prevalence of cIMT ≥1 mm and/or presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSION In this study, severe CP was associated with increased cIMT and higher prevalence of carotid plaques independent of common risk factors.
Discriminative Ability of Lower limb Strength and Power Measures in Lacrosse Athletes

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to compare isokinetic strength, countermovement jump and drop jump variables between high-contributors and low-contributors within NCAA Division I Men’s and Women’s lacrosse athletes. Men’s (N=36) and Women’s (N=30) NCAA Division I lacrosse athletes completed strength testing of the quadriceps and hamstring across three speeds (60°·s −1 , 180°·s −1 , 300°·s −1 ), countermovement and drop jumps. To determine the discriminative ability of select lower-limb strength and power characteristics participants were categorized as high-contributors (Males N=18, age=20.3±0.4 yrs, height=183.9±5.5 cm, mass=90.8±5.8 kg; Females N=15, age=20.8±0.8 yrs, height=169.3±6.7 cm, mass=64.1±7.2 kg) or low-contributors (Males N=18, age=19.5±0.2 yrs, height=184.1±5.6 cm; mass=87.9±8.1 kg; Females N=15, age=19.7±0.2 yrs, height=169.8±7.0 cm, mass=62.9±7.7 kg ) based upon the number of games the participants competed in during the regular season. Within the male cohort, moderate significant (p<0.05) differences were observed between high-contributors and low-contributors in isokinetic hamstring strength of the left leg at 300°·s −1 (d=0.69) and peak power in countermovement jump ( d= 0.68). Within the women’s cohort a large ( d= 0.87) significant difference (p<0.05) in isokinetic strength of the left hamstring was observed between high-contributors and low-contributors at 60°·s −1 . Hamstring strength and lower-limb power are important strength measures for lacrosse performance and should be prioritized in training prescription for lacrosse athletes.