Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a Vectored Water-Jet-Based Spherical Underwater Vehicle

The applications of underwater vehicles have shown a dramatic increase in recent years, such as, mines clearing operation, feature tracking, cable or pipeline tracking and deep ocean exploration. According to different applications, the mechanical and electrical configuration and shape of an underwater vehicle are different. For instance, manipulators are necessary when doing mines clearing operation or some other tasks which need to deal with environment. If an underwater vehicle is used for underwater environment detection or observation, it is better to make this vehicle smaller and flexible in motion that it can go to smaller space easily. If the vehicle needs high speed moving in the water then a streamline body is required. Different structures with different size of underwater vehicles are developed. Most of these underwater vehicles are torpedo-like with streamline bodies, like (Sangekar et al., 2009). And there are some small size AUVs like (Allen et al., 2002) and (Madhan et al., 2006). And also there are some other AUVs adopt different body shape, such as (Antonelli & Chiaverini, 2002). Meanwhile, the propulsion system is one of the critical facts for the performance of underwater vehicles, because it is the basis of control layers of the whole system. Propulsion devices have variable forms, for instance, paddle wheel, poles, magneto hydrodynamic drive, sails and oars. Paddle wheel thrusters are the most common and traditional propulsion methods for underwater vehicles. Usually, there are at least two thrusters installed on one underwater vehicle, one for horizontal motion and the other for vertical motion. The disadvantages of paddle wheel thrusters are obvious, for example, it is easy to disturb the water around the underwater vehicles. Meanwhile, the more the paddle wheel thrusters are used, the weight, noise and energy consumption increases. The steering strategies of traditional underwater vehicles are changing the angular of rudders or using differential propulsive forces of two or more than two thrusters. Of course, there are vectored propellers being used on underwater vehicles. Reference (Cavallo et al., 2004) and (Le Page & Holappa, 2002a) present underwater vehicles with vectored thrusters. Reference (Duchemin et al., 2007) proposes multi-channel hall-effect thrusters which involves vector propel and vector composition. Reference (Le Page & Holappa, 2002b) proposes an autonomous underwater vehicle equipped with a vectored thruster. At the same time, the design of vectoring thrusters used on aircrafts is also an example of vectored propulsion system (Kowal, 2002), (Beal, 2004) and (Lazic & Ristanovic, 2007). 1
Industry classification and the efficiency of intra-industry information transfers

Purpose - – Motivated by recent studies that demonstrate the superiority of the Global Industry Classification System (GICS) relative to the Standard Industry Classification (SIC) system in capital market research, the authors revisit the stock market anomaly documented by Thomas and Zhang (TZ) (“Overreaction to intra-industry information transfers? ” Design/methodology/approach - – The authors first replicate TZ and test whether stock prices of late announcers in response to earnings reported by early announcers in the same SIC industry are significantly related to subsequent price responses of late announcers to their own earnings reports. In the multivariate setting, the authors then evaluate whether the magnitude and significance of the overreaction anomaly changes under the more comprehensive GICS and across different time periods. Findings - – The authors first confirm the over-reaction anomaly based on SIC as documented by TZ. Utilizing a larger sample of firms based on the GICS and extending TZ for a new time period, the authors then demonstrate that the overreaction anomaly disappears during recent years, a period that is characterized by markedly higher trading activity. Research limitations/implications - – The findings provide new insights and contributions to the debate on whether or not market significantly misprices information transfers. Originality/value - – The authors are first to utilize the GICS in evaluating intra-industry information transfers.
Taxonomic revision of Chlamydomonas subg. Amphichloris (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae), with resurrection of the genus Dangeardinia and descriptions of Ixipapillifera gen. nov. and Rhysamphichloris gen. nov.

Chlamydomonas (Cd.) is one of the largest but most polyphyletic genera of freshwater unicellular green algae. It consists of 400–600 morphological species and requires taxonomic revision. Toward reclassification, each morphologically defined classical subgenus (or subgroup) should be examined using culture strains. Chlamydomonas subg. Amphichloris is characterized by a central nucleus between two axial pyrenoids, however, the phylogenetic structure of this subgenus has yet to be examined using molecular data. Here, we examined 12 strains including six newly isolated strains, morphologically identified as Chlamydomonas subg. Amphichloris, using 18S rRNA gene phylogeny, light microscopy, and mitochondria fluorescent microscopy. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed three independent lineages of the subgenus, separated from the type species of Chlamydomonas, Cd. reinhardtii. These three lineages were further distinguished from each other by light and fluorescent microscopy—in particular by the morphology of the papillae, chloroplast surface, stigmata, and mitochondria—and are here assigned to three genera: Dangeardinia emend. , Ixipapillifera gen. nov., and Rhysamphichloris gen. nov. Based on the molecular and morphological data, two to three species were recognized in each genus, including one new species, I. pauromitos. In addition, Cd. deasonii, which was previously assigned to subgroup “Pleiochloris,” was included in the genus Ixipapillifera as I. deasonii comb. nov.
Flypaper or Attractive Recycling ?

This paper examines the local public finance impact of one of the largest grant-in-kind program in U.S. history, the 1033 program, which allowed local police departments to receive decommissioned military goods. Several features of this program are unique among intergovernmental grants. Unlike virtually all other intergovernmental grants, these goods (rather than cash) are not fungible, oversight by non law-enforcement officials may be non-existent, and may not be included in local public budgets and capital accounts. While previous research shows that intergovernmental grants result in either perfect crowd-out or a partial flypaper effect, we find no evidence of crowd-out and some evidence for crowding-in. The features of this program may therefore be useful when designing future grants to increase local spending in a targeted category, but welfare is likely tempered by the absence of local oversight. JEL classification: TBD
Human creativity can be facilitated through interacting with a social robot

Is it possible to design robots of the future so that they can enhance people's creative endeavors? Forty-eight young adults were asked to produce their most creative ideas in a small Zen rock garden in a laboratory setting. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In one condition, the robot Robovie (through a Wizard of Oz interface) encouraged participants to generate creative ideas (e.g., “Can you think of another way to do that? ”), and pulled relevant images and video clip from the web for each participant to look at which could help spur the participant into more creative expressions. In a second condition, participants engaged in the same Zen rock garden task with the same core information, but through the modality of a self-paced PowerPoint presentation. Results showed that participants engaged in the creativity task longer and provided almost twice the number of creative expressions in the robot condition compared to the PowerPoint condition. Discussion focuses on a vision of social robotics coupled with advances in natural language processing to enhance the human creative mind and spirit.
Promised messages: recovering from inconsistent global states

Communication Induced Checkpointing (CIC) protocols usually make either the assumption that any process can immediately perform a checkpoint when requested. Forcing checkpoints at a given time could cause significant performance degradation, due to contention on the stable storage, or to variation of the size of the data that must be checkpointed. It also may happen that the processes are not able to checkpoint when required. For all those reasons, in various cases, a triggered checkpoint must be postponed until it is possible. In such cases, a checkpointing protocol cannot afford to ensure the creation of consistent global states. A first idea could consist in delaying messages until a checkpoint can be taken, but this solution applies only in a fully asynchronous message-passing context where no message can be awaited. Without delaying messages, this article is only grounded on the possibility to identify program points at which a checkpoint is possible, called stable states. By nature, stable states are restrictively placed, which prevents the creation of consistent global states. We aim at contributing to such a situation by proposing a CIC-based fault tolerance protocol for piecewise deterministic systems that ensures the following properties:
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL LOYALITAS KONSUMEN CAFÉ STUDI KASUS DI CAFE "X" BANDUNG

Bandung sebagai salah satu tujuan wisata di Indonesia banyak dikunjungi oleh wisatawan dengan berbagai macam tujuan mulai dari wisata alam, belanja, kuliner, hingga bisnis. Wisata kuliner merupakan salah satu wisata favorit di Bandung. Banyak cafe bermunculan untuk menangkap peluang tersebut. Kunjungan wisatawan di akhir pekan biasanya jauh lebih banyak daripada di hari biasa sehingga pada akhir pekan cafe banyak dikunjungi oleh konsumen. Pada hari biasa cafe mengandalkan kunjungan dari warga Bandung sendiri yang membuat persaingan dalam memikat konsumen untuk datang ke cafe semakin tinggi. Sangatlah penting setiap cafe membangun loyalitas konsumen untuk menjaga kestabilan kunjungan konsumen. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menguji model loyalitas konsumen cafe. Loyalitas dipengaruhi baik langsung maupun tidak langsung oleh sejumlah faktor yaitu kepuasan, makanan, mutu layanan, atmosfir, dan persepsi nilai. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian model dengan Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dapat disimpulkan loyalitas dipengaruhi langsung oleh kepuasan, kepuasan dan persepsi nilai dipengaruhi oleh mutu layanan, serta kepuasan dipengaruhi oleh makanan dan atmosfir. Dilihat dari tingkat pengaruh faktor terhadap loyalitas, persepsi nilai mempunyai bobot pengaruh sebesar 0,516 disusul oleh mutu layanan (0,435), atmosfir (0,227), dan makanan (0,218). Untuk menjaga loyalitas konsumennya, Cafe “X” harus mampu menyampaikan mutu layanan, atmosfir, dan makanan yang tinggi dani dengan harga yang kompetitif.
Improved Sequential Dependency Analysis Integrating Labeling-Based Sentence Boundary Detection

A dependency structure interprets modification relationships between words or phrases and is recognized as an important element in semantic information analysis. With the conventional approaches for extracting this dependency structure, it is assumed that the complete sentence is known before the analysis starts. For spontaneous speech data, however, this assumption is not necessarily correct since sentence boundaries are not marked in the data. Although sentence boundaries can be detected before dependency analysis, this cascaded implementation is not suitable for online processing since it delays the responses of the application. To solve these problems, we proposed a sequential dependency analysis (SDA) method for online spontaneous speech processing, which enabled us to analyze incomplete sentences sequentially and detect sentence boundaries simultaneously. In this paper, we propose an improved SDA integrating a labeling-based sentence boundary detection (SntBD) technique based on Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). In the new method, we use CRF for soft decision of sentence boundaries and combine it with SDA to retain its online framework. Since CRF-based SntBD yields better estimates of sentence boundaries, SDA can provide better results in which the dependency structure and sentence boundaries are consistent. Experimental results using spontaneous lecture speech from the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese show that our improved SDA outperforms the original SDA with SntBD accuracy providing better dependency analysis results.
Letter to the Editor: Quantitative Analysis of Optic Disc Color

Dear Editor, I read with great interest the article by Kim et al. [1] regarding the use of ImageJ to quantitatively analyze the color of optic discs. The authors proposed three points to measure the intensity per pixel area after grayscale conversion, namely nasal rim (NR), brightest cupping center (BCC), and inferior retinal vein (IRV). They found good inter-observer correlation with this method, along with an age-related decrease of BCC pixel intensity. However, the authors did not mention either the disc area or the characteristics of the subjects enrolled in the study. The optic disc area has a high inter-individual variability: large discs have a larger neuroretinal rim area, an increased total area of lamina cribrosa (LC) pores, and a higher ratio of interpore connective tissue area to total LC area [2]. Therefore, in large discs, it might be difficult to determine a representative region denoting BCC if significant pores of different color are located at the very center of the disc. In small discs, on the contrary, a minimal number of or no cups would make the measurement of BCC inaccurate or impossible. Both Varma et al. [3] and Kashiwagi et al. [4] pointed out there were no age-related differences in disc configuration 3,4. When the proportion of small : normal : large disc sizes in Kim's sample was not constant with age, there was a deviation of disc size in particular age group(s), indirectly reducing the accuracy of the correlation of BCC intensity with age. Also, objective measurements of lens status, color, and opalescence were not performed other than a brief mention of best-corrected visual acuity greater than 20 / 25 in all subjects. In patients suffering from nucleosclerotic cataract, the visual acuity can be much preserved with a disproportionate loss of transparency. Media opacities are likely to be present to some extent in some of the older subjects, which is a major confounding factor. This should prompt the use of a more objective lens assessment system such as Lens Opacity Classification System III or Scheimpflug images to adjust the obtained parameters 5. The ImageJ software enables a particular area of an image to be highlighted and a histogram of intensity to be calculated. Grewal et al. [5] employed this method to study different parts of a nuclear cataract and to determine correlations among several visual functions 5. Its importance, in our context, is highlighted in analyzing optic neuropathies with sectoral pallor, such as ischemic optic neuropathy, 'bow-tie' atrophy from chiasmal compression, and pathological temporal pallor in nutritional optic neuropathy. The contrast of 'intensity' between different areas of a disc might be enhanced in borderline cases, which helps with diagnosis. Serial measurements can serve as a tool to longitudinally monitor patients. Alternatively, the whole neuroretinal rim or cup can be highlighted to provide a more generalized quantitative analysis of the region of interest.
Semi-Supervised Learning

For many classification problems, unlabeled training data are inexpensive and readily available, whereas labeling training data imposes costs. Semi-supervised classification algorithms aim at utilizing information contained in unlabeled data in addition to the (few) labeled data. Semi-supervised (for an example, see Seeger, 2001) has a long tradition in statistics (Cooper & Freeman, 1970); much early work has focused on Bayesian discrimination of Gaussians. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm (Dempster, Laird, & Rubin, 1977) is the most popular method for learning generative models from labeled and unlabeled data. Model-based, generative learning algorithms find model parameters (e.g., the parameters of a Gaussian mixture model) that best explain the available labeled and unlabeled data, and they derive the discriminating classification hypothesis from this model. In discriminative learning, unlabeled data is typically incorporated via the integration of some model assumption into the discriminative framework (Miller & Uyar, 1997; Titterington, Smith, & Makov, 1985). The Transductive Support Vector Machine (Vapnik, 1998; Joachims, 1999) uses unlabeled data to identify a hyperplane that has a large distance not only from the labeled data but also from all unlabeled data. This identification results in a bias toward placing the hyperplane in regions of low density p(x). Recently, studies have covered graph-based approaches that rely on the assumption that neighboring instances are more likely to belong to the same class than remote instances (Blum & Chawla, 2001). A distinct approach to utilizing unlabeled data has been proposed by de Sa (1994), Yarowsky (1995) and Blum and Mitchell (1998). When the available attributes can be split into independent and compatible subsets, then multi-view learning algorithms can be employed. Multi-view algorithms, such as co-training (Blum & Mitchell, 1998) and co-EM (Nigam & Ghani, 2000), learn two independent hypotheses, which bootstrap by providing each other with labels for the unlabeled data. An analysis of why training two independent hypotheses that provide each other with conjectured class labels for unlabeled data might be better than EM-like self-training has been provided by Dasgupta, Littman, and McAllester (2001) and has been simplified by Abney (2002). The disagreement rate of two independent hypotheses is an upper bound on the error rate of either hypothesis. Multi-view algorithms minimize the disagreement rate between the peer hypotheses (a situation that is most apparent for the algorithm of Collins & Singer, 1999) and thereby the error rate. Semi-supervised learning is related to active learning. Active learning algorithms are able to actively query the class labels of unlabeled data. By contrast, semi-supervised algorithms are bound to learn from the given data.
Why we Ask Why: The Ways in Which Control and Stereotyping Biases Affect Internal Attributions

4 Introduction . 5 I. Attributions . 5 II. The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) . 6 III. Deprivation of Control . 8 IV. Racial Stereotyping Biases . 11 V. Current Research . 13 Method . 14 I. Participants . 14 II. Construction of Stimuli . 14 III. Procedure . 16 Results . 18 I. Attention checks . 18 II. Primary Analysis . 19 Discussion . 20 I. Explaining the Results . 22 II. Limitations.25 III. Implications . 28 References . 28 Footnotes . 35
A Review and Critique of Hybrid MADM Methods Application in Real Business

Since its introduction the MADM techniques had witnessed a great development and popularity among scholars. Their application range from very basic towards more sophisticated using MOLP and fuzzy operations. However, many scholars and authors have researched various possibilities of MADM practical use but it seems the real business hasn’t caught up with the same enthusiasm. Hierarchical and network thinking is very important for any strategists and entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, contemporary attitude towards decision making is not in favor of rigorous process. The most frequent plea is that the speed and efficiency should prevail when the real business environment is much more dynamic and turbulent. So entrepreneurs and managers have difficulties in filling in the questionnaires for comparing the criteria and alternatives. The lack of agreement in the criterion evaluation and compromise thus limits the application of MADM techniques. Another problem is associated with a large number of evaluation criteria that is often needed and the network of interdependencies. This paper deals with a review of applications that can be considered as useful in real business and based on empirical research proposes a suggestion of specific tasks that could be used and accepted in real business. The paper consists of summary of relevant literature then follows short description of applied methods, description and results of empirical research and concludes with proposal of several business tasks that could be facilitated by selected MADM methods.
A new composite index for greenhouse gases: Climate science meets social science

Global greenhouse gas emissions have increased at a rate of nearly 2% per year since 1970, and the rate of increase has been increasing. The contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming constitutes an environmental management challenge requiring interdisciplinary effort and international cooperation. In an effort to meet this challenge, the Kyoto Protocol imposes limits on aggregate CO2-equivalent emissions of four greenhouse gases, although it permits countries to trade off one gas for another at specified rates. This requires a definition of trade-off rates, which the Protocol specifies as Global Warming Potentials, although these have been controversial since their introduction. The primary source of concern has been the constancy of the trade-off rates, both across countries and through time. We propose a new composite index that allows freely variable trade-off rates, thereby facilitating the design of efficient abatement policy. In a pair of exercises we compare our composite index with that used by the Protocol. In both exercises we reject the constancy of trade-off rates, although despite the significantly different weighting schemes we find a degree of concordance between the two greenhouse gas indices.
INDUCTION OF AN IMMUNE RESPONSE TO AMYLOID BAND AMYLOID DEPOSITS

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