Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial Analysis to Justify Urban Decisions in the Planning and Distribution of Green Spaces within the Urban Range of Cities (Case Study of the City of Samawah - Republic of Iraq)

Green spaces represent an important type of urban land use within the urban fabric of the city, and it is of clear importance, like all other patterns. It is an important goal to bring the urban population closer to nature and to provide a suitable external environment for them by creating balance and harmony with nature. Green spaces represent a healthy outlet for humans, increasing their physical and psychological capabilities and are a haven for them to relax and spend their free time. The green areas in the city of Samawah and other cities in Iraq suffer from a clear shortage, as they do not meet the needs of the population in them, in addition to the fact that these areas are fragmented within the city and are not interconnected and do not work as a unified system. Therefore, it is neglected, which leads to the deterioration of the city’s environment and increased air pollution. With population growth and urbanization in the city, there is a negative impact on the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the researchers analyzed the spatial distribution of green areas in the city of Samawah, where the analysis dealt with the percentages of green areas implemented over the years from 2010 - 2020 to determine the amount of dispersal of the assembly using a set of tools for spatial analysis in spatial information systems (GIS). The research field ends with a proposal to identify new green areas in the city. The new green areas will be linked with the existing green areas in the city of Samawa, which will lead to an increase in the open green areas, increase their accessibility and increase social cohesion. In addition, this interconnection will contribute to improving the city’s environment by reducing air pollution and lowering high temperatures during the long summer season. This approach can also achieve other economic benefits when planning an interconnected network of green areas in the city of Samawa.
Regulatory level model predictive control

The need to save energy, cut costs, and increase profit margin in process manufactureincreases continually. There is also a global drive to reduce energy use and cut down co2 emission and combat climate change. These in turn have led to more stringent requirements on process control performance. Hence, the requirements for modern systems are often not achievable using classical control techniques. Therefore, advanced control strategies are often required to ensure optimal process performance. Despite these challenges, PID has continued to be the dominant industrial control scheme. However, for systems with complex dynamics and/or high performance requirements, PID control may not be sufficient. Therefore, a significant number of industrial control loops are not performing optimally and more advanced control than PID may be required in order to achieve optimal performance. MPC is one of the advanced control schemes that has had a significant impact in the industry. Despite the benefits associated with the implementation of MPC, the technology has remained a niche application in process manufacture. This thesis seeks to address these issues by developing ways that could lead to widespread application of MPC. In the first part of this thesis, a study was carried out to understand the characteristics of processes that would benefit from the application of MPC at the regulatory control level even in the single-input single-output (SISO) case. This is a departure from the common practice in which MPC is applied at the supervisory control layer delivering set points to PID controllers at the regulatory control layer. Both numerical simulation and industrial studies were used to show and quantify benefits of MPC for SISO applications at the regulatory control layer.Some issues that have led to the limited application of MPC include the cost and human efforts associated with modelling and controller design. And to achieve high process performance, accurate models are required. To address this issue, in the second part of this thesis, a novel technique for designing MPC from routine plant data ? routine data MPC (RMPC) is proposed. The proposed technique was successfully implemented on process models. This technique would reduce the high human cost associated with MPC deployment, which could make it a widespread rather than niche application in the process manufacturing industry.
Effects of a Cognitive Distraction Task on Gait Mechanics in Recently Gait-Retrained Runners

Background: When assessing running mechanics in a laboratory setting, there is risk for performance bias by the participants. The purpose of this study was to determine if runners who had recently undergone gait retraining altered their running mechanics while performing a cognitive distraction task. Methods: Two groups of runners were analyzed at 3 postintervention time-points for changes in vertical loadrates, cadence, and footstrike pattern. Results: Runners who received cadence retraining (CAD) did not alter cadence, but had increased loadrates when distracted. Runners who received footstrike retraining (FFS) did not alter foot angle or loadrates while distracted. However, both increases and decreases were found in cadence and foot angle in response to distraction. Conclusions: Utilizing a distraction task with gait analyses, especially post-gait retraining, is feasible and recommended.
A Traffic Scheduling Method Based on SDN

The rise of big data has brought severe challenges to data storage, which also means that computing resources and storage resources have become centralized. In the past, business data could end up after being processed locally or at the secondary node. Now, all data must be uploaded to each data center for unified processing. Data collection also requires users to access data center services and then send them back, which undoubtedly increases the pressure on the backbone network. This also means that the annual private line cost of the enterprise will increase with the growth of network traffic. Large enterprises often use multiple lines between network nodes to improve link utilization and network reliability. However, in most cases, the line utilization of the backup line is usually low, because the traditional routing algorithm forwards according to the optimal path. Load sharing or traffic scheduling is achieved by adjusting interface cost values ​​or BGP parameters. In large networks, it often affects the entire body. Each adjustment requires detailed planning and validation. At the same time, due to the diversity of applications, different applications have different business characteristics. If the network can distinguish different applications, sense network conditions, and adjust the QoS and traffic paths of applications as needed, the link utilization of leased lines and the network quality of applications will be significantly improved. SDN separates the control plane from the data plane and intelligently controls the network forwarding policy through the global controller, which improves the flexibility and security of the network. Based on the traditional large-scale enterprise WAN architecture, this paper proposes a complete traffic scheduling solution based on SDN to achieve secure, controllable, and flexible scheduling of enterprise WAN network resources.
Female reproductive functions of the neuropeptide PACAP

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide originally isolated as a hypothalamic peptide. It has a widespread distribution in the body and has a diverse spectrum of actions. Among other processes, PACAP has been shown to be involved in reproduction. In this review we summarize findings related to the entire spectrum of female reproduction. PACAP is a regulatory factor in gonadal hormone production, influences follicular development and plays a role in fertilization and embryonic/placental development. Furthermore, PACAP is involved in hormonal changes during and after birth and affects maternal behavior. Although most data come from cell cultures and animal experiments, increasing number of evidence suggests that similar effects of PACAP can be found in humans. Among other instances, PACAP levels show changes in the serum during pregnancy and birth. PACAP is also present in the human follicular and amniotic fluids and in the milk. Levels of PACAP in follicular fluid correlate with the number of retrieved oocytes in hyperstimulated women. Human milk contains very high levels of PACAP compared to plasma levels, with colostrum showing the highest concentration, remaining steady thereafter for the first 7 months of lactation. All these data imply that PACAP has important functions in reproduction both under physiological and pathological conditions.
Adaptive fuzzy Lyapunov-based model predictive control for parallel platform driving simulators

The paper proposes an adaptive Lyapunov-based nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) to cope with the problems in nonlinear systems subjecting to system constraints and unknown disturbances of the parallel car driving simulator. Commonly, standard nonlinear controllers could guarantee the overall system stability for the parallel structure. However, the constraints tend to impact the control performance and stability adversely. Therefore, MPC plays a vital role in the proposed technique to explicitly consider all the practical constraints and simultaneously enhance the system’s robustness. Nevertheless, the accuracy of the modeling process has a significant effect on the MPC performance, and thus, the convergence cannot be guaranteed in the presence of the model uncertainties. To overcome this problem, by the merit of the fuzzy adaptive law, the control system takes the disturbances and unmodelled parameters into account. Moreover, the feasibility and stability of the approach, which is the fundamental problem of MPC, are ensured according to the Lyapunov-based nonlinear controller, backstepping aggregated with sliding mode control (SMC), and hence inherit advantages of these controls. Simulation results show the efficiency and superior constituted controllers of the proposed method.
A MULTI-EPOCH, SIMULTANEOUS WATER AND METHANOL MASER SURVEY TOWARD INTERMEDIATE-MASS YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS

We report a multi-epoch, simultaneous 22 GHz H2O and 44 GHz Class I CH3OH maser line survey toward 180 intermediate-mass young stellar objects, including 14 Class 0 and 19 Class I objects, and 147 Herbig Ae/Be stars. We detected H2O and CH3OH maser emission toward 16 (9%) and 10 (6%) sources with one new H2O and six new CH3OH maser sources. The detection rates of both masers rapidly decrease as the central (proto)stars evolve, which is contrary to the trends in high-mass star-forming regions. This suggests that the excitations of the two masers are closely related to the evolutionary stage of the central (proto)stars and the circumstellar environments. H2O maser velocities deviate on average 9 km s−1 from the ambient gas velocities whereas CH3OH maser velocities match quite well with the ambient gas velocities. For both maser emissions, large velocity differences ( 10 \mbox{\,km\,s$^{-1}$}$? > and 1 \mbox{\,km\,s$^{-1}$}$? >) are mostly confined to Class 0 objects. The formation and disappearance of H2O masers is frequent and their integrated intensities change by up to two orders of magnitude. In contrast, CH3OH maser lines usually show no significant change in intensity, shape, or velocity. This is consistent with the previous suggestion that H2O maser emission originates from the base of an outflow while 44 GHz Class I CH3OH maser emission arises from the interaction region of the outflow with the ambient gas. The isotropic maser luminosities are well correlated with the bolometric luminosities of the central objects. The fitted relations are and .
A comparative study of forces in labial and lingual orthodontics using finite element method

Background: Orthodontic treatment requires optimum force to achieve desirable tooth movement with minimal damage to the root, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. Hence, quantifying the magnitude and direction of force is very important for orthodontic treatment. Both labial orthodontics (LaO) and lingual orthodontics (LiO) are used for orthodontic tooth movements, which differ considerably in their biomechanics. Although these differences have been explained, force magnitude need to be evaluated. Aims: 1. To evaluate the differences in biomechanics of tipping movement in LaO and LiO using finite element method (FEM). 2. To quantify the reduced amount of force in LiO as compared LaO in tipping. Study Settings: It is a computational tool where three-dimensional (3D) FEM models of upper incisor is simulated in order to map and compare the stress produced by tipping movement performed with lingual and LaO. Materials and Methods: A 3D FEM model of the maxillary right central incisor was made from a geometric model. A 50 g tipping force was applied on a labial side. The principal stress patterns in the PDL for orthodontic tooth movement were recorded. When 50 g of tipping force was applied from a lingual side, higher stress values were observed. The forces on the lingual side were reduced to 45 g, 40 g, 35 g, 34 g, 33.5 g, and 33 g to check the maximum stress pattern on PDL. Results: A 50 g tipping force applied on the labial side will bring about 0.0252 N/mm 2 maximum principal stress. When the same amount of force applied on the lingual side will bring about 0.0375 N/mm 2 maximum principal stress. A 33.6-g force applied on the lingual side will bring about 0.0252 N/mm 2 maximum principal stress which is similar to 50 g of force applied on the lingual side. Conclusion: A palatally directed tipping force of 33.6 g in LiO was sufficient for orthodontic tooth movement. Tipping in LiO required 32.8% less force when compared to LaO.
Learning-Based Relaxation of Completeness Requirements for Data Entry Forms

Data entry forms use completeness requirements to specify the fields that are required or optional to fill for collecting necessary information from different types of users. However, because of the evolving nature of software, some required fields may not be applicable for certain types of users anymore. Nevertheless, they may still be incorrectly marked as required in the form; we call such fields obsolete required fields. Since obsolete required fields usually have “not-null” validation checks before submitting the form, users have to enter meaningless values in such fields in order to complete the form submission. These meaningless values threaten the quality of the filled data, and could negatively affect stakeholders or learning-based tools that use the data. To avoid users filling meaningless values, existing techniques usually rely on manually written rules to identify the obsolete required fields and relax their completeness requirements. However, these techniques are ineffective and costly. In this paper, we propose LACQUER, a learning-based automated approach for relaxing the completeness requirements of data entry forms. LACQUER builds Bayesian Network models to automatically learn conditions under which users had to fill meaningless values. To improve its learning ability, LACQUER identifies the cases where a required field is only applicable for a small group of users, and uses SMOTE, an oversampling technique, to generate more instances on such fields for effectively mining dependencies on them. During the data entry session, LACQUER predicts the completeness requirement of a target based on the already filled fields and their conditional dependencies in the trained model. Our experimental results show that LACQUER can accurately relax the completeness requirements of required fields in data entry forms with precision values ranging between 0.76 and 0.90 on different datasets. LACQUER can prevent users from filling 20% to 64% of meaningless values, with negative predictive values (i.e., the ability to correctly predict a field as “optional”) between 0.72 and 0.91. Furthermore, LACQUER is efficient; it takes at most 839 ms to predict the completeness requirement of an instance.
Pseudo differential DQS receiver for eliminating channel Hi-z noise

This paper presents a pseudo differential DQS receiver to eliminate the unexpected glitch coming from channel hi-z noise for DDR SRAM. This unexpected glitch is happened in both DQS and DQSB are VDDQ termination status. This Hi-z status DQS/DQSB have logically ‘High’ but since DRAM receiver amplify this two differential signal’s level difference with high sensitivity so receiver’s output can be fluctuated by Hi-z noise. This glitch leads abnormal DRAM WR DQ domain change function error. To mitigate this glitch, several schemes proposed but those scheme used one direction’s offset so it just can support certain system which already known the amount of offset and it is suffered by the duty distortion due to that offset. Proposed the advanced DQS receiver architecture has wide immunity range of Hi-z noise regardless with offset direction and prevents duty distortion by adopting the internal common mode compensation scheme. Experimental results show over ±100mV voltage offset tolerance and achieve over 4800Mpbs data rate without output duty distortion.
Explaining robot actions

To increase human trust in robots, we have developed a system that provides insight into robotic behaviors by enabling a robot to answer questions people pose about its actions (e.g., Q: “Why did you turn left there? ” A: “I detected a person at the end of the hallway.”). Our focus is on generation of this explanation in human-understandable terms despite the mathematical, robot-specific representation and planning system used by the robot to make its decisions and execute its actions. We present our work to date on this topic, including system design and experiments, and discuss areas for future work.
Survival Rates of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Co-Infected Patients

Background: At present, limited clinical data is available regarding survival rates of patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB) in developing countries. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of HIV infection on the survival chances of active TB adults who disclosed their symptoms of TB in this part of Iran. Patients and Methods: The records and data of 807 patients only infected with TB and 21 co-infected patients with HIV/TB, who were admitted to primary health care units in Iran, were evaluated. Their survival time was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier Estimator, Log-rank test and SPSS version 16. Results: Cox regression analysis showed that co-infection with HIV significantly affects the survival rate of TB patients so that the rate of death was 20.7 (8.1-53) times more than TB infected patients alone. Also, married patients with tuberculosis were 2.7 times more at risk of death than single subjects. We also confirmed that in HIV/TB positive patients, married individuals were more prone to death than single subjects (P value < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results denote the need to progress diagnostic and preventive measures in this part of Iran.
Spiny plants, mammal browsers, and the origin of African savannas

Significance Africa hosts contrasting communities of mammal browsers and is, thus, the ideal background for testing their effect on plant communities and evolution. In this study at the continental scale, we reveal which mammal browsers are most closely associated with spiny communities of trees. We then show a remarkable convergence between the evolutionary histories of these browsers (the bovids) and spiny plants. Over the last 16 My, plants from unrelated lineages developed spines 55 times. These convergent patterns of evolution suggest that the arrival and diversification of bovids in Africa changed the rules for persisting in woody communities. Contrary to our current understanding, our data suggest that browsers predate fire by millions of years as agents driving the origin of savannas. Savannas first began to spread across Africa during the Miocene. A major hypothesis for explaining this vegetation change is the increase in C4 grasses, promoting fire. We investigated whether mammals could also have contributed to savanna expansion by using spinescence as a marker of mammal herbivory. Looking at the present distribution of 1,852 tree species, we established that spinescence is mainly associated with two functional types of mammals: large browsers and medium-sized mixed feeders. Using a dated phylogeny for the same tree species, we found that spinescence evolved at least 55 times. The diversification of spiny plants occurred long after the evolution of Afrotherian proboscideans and hyracoids. However, it is remarkably congruent with diversification of bovids, the lineage including the antelope that predominantly browse these plants today. Our findings suggest that herbivore-adapted savannas evolved several million years before fire-maintained savannas and probably, in different environmental conditions. Spiny savannas with abundant mammal herbivores occur in drier climates and on nutrient-rich soils, whereas fire-maintained savannas occur in wetter climates on nutrient-poor soils.
A child with anaphylactic reaction by egg remedy applied to burn

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Leading in a Culture of Change

Preface. 1. A Remarkable Convergence. 2. Moral Purpose. 3. Understanding Change. 4. Relationships, Relationships, Relationships. 5. Knowledge Building. 6. Coherence-Making. 7. The Hare and the Tortoise. References. Index. About the Author.