Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brief Definitive Report

These diseases include asthma and atopic dermatitis, as well as allergies to food, dust mites, insect venom, pollen , and pet dander. Allergic reactions manifest as localized wheel and flare irritations, can have respiratory symptoms, including sneezing, rhinitis , and asthma, and in extreme cases can be life threatening in the form of anaphylaxis. Although IgE is the least abundant Ig in circulation, with a short serum half-life, it persists for weeks bound to the surface of mast cells by the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcRI, in tissues (Gould et al., 2003). Cross-linking of mast cell–bound IgE by allergens activates the cells and results in release of mediators that induce vasodilation, vas-cular permeability, and smooth muscle contrac-tility (Gould et al., 2003; Galli and Tsai, 2012). IgE is the most heavily glycosylated mono-meric Ig in mammals, with seven N-linked glycosylation consensus sequences (N-X-S/T) distributed across each heavy chain of human IgE (Arnold et al., 2007). The importance of glycosylation in Ig biology is increasingly appreciated. For example, the single glycan on IgG at N297 is essential for structural integrity of the constant fragment (Fc), and without it IgG cannot engage Fc receptors (Feige et al., 2009). However, the precise role of glycosyl-ation to IgE biology is less clear. Some studies concluded glycosylation of IgE is essential for Immunoglobulin  (IgE) antibodies are the primary mediators of allergic diseases, which affect more than 1 in 10 individuals worldwide. IgE specific for innocuous environmental antigens, or allergens, binds and sensitizes tissue-resident mast cells expressing the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcRI. Subsequent allergen exposure cross-links mast cell–bound IgE, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators and initiation of the allergic cascade. It is well established that precise glycosylation patterns exert profound effects on the biological activity of IgG. However, the contribution of glycosylation to IgE biology is less clear. Here, we demonstrate an absolute requirement for IgE glycosylation in allergic reactions. The obligatory glycan was mapped to a single N-linked oligomannose structure in the constant domain 3 (C3) of IgE, at asparagine-394 (N394) in human IgE and N384 in mouse. Genetic disruption of the site or enzymatic removal of the oligomannose glycan altered IgE secondary structure and abrogated IgE binding to FcRI, rendering IgE incapable of eliciting mast cell degranulation, thereby preventing anaphylaxis. These results underscore an unap-preciated and essential requirement of glycosylation in IgE biology. article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution– Noncommercial–Share …
ESTIMACIÓN DE LA MASA CORPORAL DE UN EJEMPLAR CUATERNARIO DEL CARPINCHO EXTINTO NEOCHOERUS A TRAVÉS DE MEDIDAS CRÁNEO-DENTALES

BODY MASS ESTIMATION OF A QUATERNARY SPECIMEN OF THE EXTINCT CAPYBARA NEOCHOERUS THROUGH CRANIODENTAL MEASUREMENTS. An estimated body mass of a specimen of Neochoerus Hay cf. N. aesopi (Leidy) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Hydrochoeridae) from the Quaternary of Uruguay was made based on craniodental measurements. Regression equations used to estimate the mass of other fossil rodents were applied. A value reference was also calculated by scaling of a specimen of the extant Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus). In this study it is estimated that this extinct rodent may have reached a three times bigger mass than an extant capybara.
Modelling phytoplankton in boreal lakes

Patynen, Anita Modelling phytoplankton in boreal lakes Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2014, 46 p. (Jyvaskyla Studies in Biological and Environmental Science ISSN 1456-9701; 282) ISBN 978-951-39-5700-1 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5701-8 (PDF) Yhteenveto: Mallien hyodyntaminen boreaalisten jarvien kasviplanktonin runsauteen ja kasviplanktonyhteison dynamiikkaan vaikuttavien tekijoiden tarkastelussa Diss. Three different approaches to modelling phytoplankton production and dynamics in Finnish lakes were evaluated. The first was deterministic model, PROTECH, which simulated the growth of 8 different phytoplankton species at a daily time step in a large, shallow lake. The model was used to estimate how higher temperatures might promote the growth of cyanobacteria and alter the phytoplankton dynamics in the lake. Insufficient data introduced uncertainty to the model outputs, but could not be quantitatively estimated. The lack of routines in the model for special features of boreal lakes was also limiting. These issues are restricting for the use of such complex models. Meanwhile lake management needs modelling techniques that can be applied with the often restricted data. For this, two statistical methods, structural equation modelling (SEM) and linear mixed effects (hierarchical) modelling (LMM) were examined, and their potential advantages and earlier applications were reviewed. In the second modelling study SEM was tested with data from a small humic lake. SEM proved to be effective for examining causal relationships between phytoplankton and some basic variables: nutrients, grazing, temperature and water colour. Yet more detailed study questions were restricted by the available data. The inclusion of Bayesian analysis improved the model and allowed examination of the underlying uncertainties. Bayesian analysis was also applied in the third modelling study with LMM. With the hierarchical approach the monitoring data from over 2000 Finnish lakes was more efficiently utilised to estimate the effect of total phosphorus and total nitrogen on chlorophyll a concentrations in a single lake. The hierarchical chlorophyll a model was used as a basis for a simple model tool developed to support the lake management. Explanatory modelling studies, more frequent data and data analysis are needed to enhance the understanding of phytoplankton development in boreal lakes and for further model development. The purpose of modelling determines the desirable approach, thus different methods need to be critically evaluated.
Dementia & Neuropsychologia

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant public health problem in modern societies. It is primarily a consequence of traffic-related accidents and falls. Other recently recognized causes include sports injuries and indirect forces such as shock waves from battlefield explosions. TBI is an important cause of death and lifelong disability and represents the most well-established environmental risk factor for dementia. With the growing recognition that even mild head injury can lead to neurocognitive deficits, imaging of brain injury has assumed greater importance. However, there is no single imaging modality capable of characterizing TBI. Current advances, particularly in MR imaging, enable visualization and quantification of structural and functional brain changes not hitherto possible. In this review, we summarize data linking TBI with dementia, emphasizing the imaging techniques currently available in clinical practice along with some advances in medical knowledge.
infec-A combination of lactic acid bacteria regulates Escherichia coli infection and inflammation of the bovine endometrium

Uterine function in cattle is compromised by bacterial contamination and inflammation after calving. The objective of this study was to select a combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to decrease endometrium inflammation and Escherichia coli infection. Primary endometrial epithelial cells were cultured in vitro to select the most favorable LAB combination modulating basal tissue inflammation and E. coli infection. Supernatants were obtained to determine expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and E. coli infection was evaluated after harvesting the tissue and plate counting. The selected LAB combination was tested in uterus explants to assess its capacity to modulate basal and acute inflammation (associated with E. coli infection). The combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Pediococcus acidilactici , and Lactobacillus reuteri at a ratio of 25:25:2, respectively, reduced E. coli infection in vitro with (89.77%) or without basal tissue inflammation (95.10%) compared with single LAB strains. Lactic acid bacteria treatment reduced CXCL8 and IL1B expression 4.7-and 2.2-fold, respectively, under acute inflammation. Ex vivo, the tested LAB combination reduced acute inflammation under E. coli infection, decreasing IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-6 up to 2.2-, 2.5, and 2.2-fold, respectively. In the total inflammation model, the LAB combination decreased IL-8 1.6-fold and IL-6 1.2-fold. Ultrastructural evaluation of the tissue suggested no direct interaction between the LAB and E. coli , although pathological effects of E. coli in endometrial cells were greatly diminished or even reversed by the LAB combination. This study shows the promising potential of LAB probiotics for therapeutic use against endometrial inflammation and infection.
Irrigation water consumption through remote sensing. Comparison at different scales in Zhanghe irrigation system, China

Despite being particularly essential for improving the productivity of agriculture, water management in large-scale imgation systems is often lacking of even the basic information. Techniques for estimation of the water consumption have recently been developed using the low-cost satellite images covering large agricultural areas. Appealing as it may be, the new techniques raise the question of accuracy, especially in the context of the measurement scale. Comparison of different scales of images and their influence in the calculation of the global volumes of water evaporated is giving critical information on the applicability of these advanced tools in a water management perspective. The Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), calculating evaporation of the physical environment from various satellite sensors, has been applied to Landsat 7 ETM+ in the irrigation system of Zhanghe, in the Hubei Province of China. The Landsat 7 ETM+ image has been aggregated to various levels of spatial resolution, reaching down to the equivalent of NOAA AVHRR satellite, which is widely used as it is free of cost. Volumes of water consumption were compared at different pixel sizes. The quantitative relation of water consumption at different scales is assessed, leading to the determination of the optimum measurement scale in the Zhanghe imgation system. A discussion is then giving the research orientations of the scale assessment of evaporation and the further implications in applied research for water management aided by satellite images.
Búsqueda de alimento en hámsteres dorados (mesocricetus auratus): el efecto de la distancia entre múltiples fuentes de alimento Foraging Behavior in Golden Hamsters (mesocricetus auratus): Effect of the Distance among Multiple Patches

a b s t r a C t The pattern of travel and the efficiency in foraging behavior was evaluated in four hamsters searching for food within an enclosure with multiple patches. Two different distances among patches were randomly arranged: Near-Patches (10 cm separation) and Distant-Patches (21.5 cm separation). Subjects obtained the food by mounting over the cylinders (stations) placed in the enclosure of 110 cm 2 . Results showed that in both, Near and Distant conditions, the distance between responses was longer in late stages of the trials then in early stages. Nonetheless, the most choices to adjacent stations were in Distant-Patches condition, while skips and diagonal-station choices were more frequently showed in the Near-Patches condition.
SENTINEL-3 Ocean Land Color Imager (OLCI): Land products and validation

This paper first summarizes the operational land products of the future Ocean Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on board Sentinel3, in particular, the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetic Active Radiation (FAPAR) and the OLCI Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (OTCI). Then the validation plan of these products is then presented: it focuses on an independent strategy for making use of ground-based measurements over a large sample of vegetation types together with radiative transfer modelling for assessing theoretical accuracies from both space and in-situ retrieval methods.
Finite Element Analysis

The relative cost of computer hardware and software has reduced significantly over recent years and many engineers now have access to powerful software such as finite element (FE) analysis packages. However, there is no single source of clear advice on how to correctly analyse and design using this type of software. This guide seeks to introduce FE methods, explain how concrete can be successfully modelled and how to interpret the results. It will also highlight the benefits, some of the common pitfalls and give guidance on best practice.
Apexificación en sesión única con plug apical: Reporte de un caso

Recibido: Septiembre 10, 2012. Aceptado: Diciembre 19, 2012. RESUMEN Paciente femenino de diez años de edad, acudió al Servicio de Odontología del Hospital Militar Regional de Guadalajara Jalisco, referida para tratamiento de conductos. A la exploración clínica se observó acceso por superficie palatina del incisivo central superior izquierdo, las pruebas de sensibilidad fueron negativas, radiográficamente conducto único y amplio con presencia de zona radiolúcida y ápice radicular inmaduro con zonas radiopacas intraconducto, diagnosticándose periodontitis apical crónica y estableciéndose el tratamiento de conductos en sesión única mediante la formación de plug apical con MTA y obturación con cono de gutapercha prefabricado de la porción restante del conducto radicular y resina fotopolimerizable como restauración permanente.
Online Mood Induction Eleanor

The purpose of this study is to examine whether affect-laden online materials, such as news stories and ads, can induce mood. In particular, this study examines whether viewing a positive online ad or reading a positive online story can induce a positive affect similar to other established mood inductions such as receipt of a surprise gift. Based on the results of previous “offline” studies we expect to see that both online news stories and ads affect mood.
A comparative study on partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants

This study investigates union formation and dissolution among immigrants and their descendants in four European countries with different migration histories and welfare state policies (United Kingdom, Estonia, France and Spain). While there is a growing body of literature on migrant families in Europe, there is little comparative research that has benefitted from the opportunities that the European context offers. We use pooled data from the four countries and apply an event history analysis. The analysis shows a significant variation in partnership trajectories across migrant groups in some countries (e.g., South Asians versus Caribbeans in the UK) and similar union trajectories for some migrant groups in different countries (e.g., South Asians in the UK and immigrants from Turkey in France). The descendants of immigrants exhibit partnership patterns that are similar to those of their parents’ generation. The country context also matters; specific patterns are observed for Spain and Estonia.
The Effects of Exopolymers on the Erosional Resistance of Cohesive Sediments

Sediment erosion threatens coastal infrastructure and natural habitats throughout the coastal United States. Conventional soil amendments, such as lime, Portland cement, and polyacrylamide, are effective for improving soil strength and resistance to erosion, but exopolymers have the potential to improve sediment stability without the environmental risks of caustic or toxic compounds. This paper describes how the erosional resistance of a pure kaolinite clay is enhanced using two exopolymer analogues, guar gum, a neutral polysaccharide, and xanthan gum, an anionic polysaccharide. A cohesive strength meter was used to measure the critical shear stress �2 oCr of high water content muds, representative of newly placed, hydraulically pumped sediment fill. Guar gum produces a nine-fold increase in �2 oCr due to increases in pore fluid viscosity and hydrogen bonding between biopolymer strands and clay particles. Xanthan gum provides much less improvement because of electrostatic repulsion. Practical applications of exopolymers for erosion control are discussed.
Phytoextraction of heavy metals - the process and scope for remediation of contaminated soils.

Contamination of lands with toxic heavy metals is a widespread environmental issue resulting from global industrialization. Conventional techniques for reclamation of such soils are expensive and environmental nonfriendly. Phytoremediation is an emerging group of technologies utilizing green plants to clean up the environment from contaminants and has been offered as a cost-effective and non-invasive alternative to the conventional engineering-based remediation methods. There are different versions of phytoremediation viz. phytoimmobilization, phytostabilization, rhizofilteration, phytovolatilization and phytoextraction, the latter being most widely accepted for remediation of soils contaminated with toxic heavy metals. Different aspects of phytoextraction and scope of this technology for remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils are reviewed discussing challenges and opportunities in realizing phytoextraction as an economically viable remediation method.
Report Reference House Prices and Bubbles in New Zealand

This paper studies actual (real) house prices relative to fundamental (real) house values in New Zealand for the period 1970-2005. Utilizing a dynamic present value model, we find disparities between actual and fundamental house prices in the early 1970s and 1980s and from 2000 to date. We model the bubble component that is related to fundamentals (the intrinsic component), making it possible to highlight whether a bubble still exists after that component is accounted for. We then analyze any remaining bubble to detect any momentum behavior. Much of the overvaluation of the housing market is found to be due to price dynamics rather than an overreaction to fundamentals. FRASER, P., HOESLI, Martin E. , MCALEVEY, L. House Prices and Bubbles in New
A note on sensitivity of principal component subspaces and the efficient detection of influential observations in high dimensions

Luke A. Prendergast La Trobe University Dept of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, VIC 3086, Australia. e-mail: luke.prendergast@latrobe.edu. au Abstract: In this paper we introduce an influence measure based on second order expansion of the RV and GCD measures for the comparison between unperturbed and perturbed eigenvectors of a symmetric matrix estimator. Example estimators are considered to highlight how this measure compliments recent influence analysis. Importantly, we also show how a sample based version of this measure can be used to accurately and efficiently detect influential observations in practice. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 62F35; secondary 62H12.
Especies nativas de suelos contaminados por metales: aspectos ecofisiológicos y su uso en fitorremediación

Native species from contaminated soils: Ecophysiological aspects and their use on phytoremediation. Native plants that evolved to colonize contaminated soils with heavy metals (metallophytes and pseudometallophytes) may use two basic strategies to deal with high metal concentration: (i) exclusion mechanisms by which uptake of roots and root to shoot transport is restricted, (ii) accumulation using several mechanisms to immobilize and compartimentalize metals in vacuoles. Due to their endemism and mining activities special care should be taken to avoid destruction of the metallophyte habitats and the associated loss of species. These plants offer a huge potential for the development of environmental phytotechnologies as revegetation, phytoestabilization and phytoextraction of metal-polluted areas. Finally a study of native plants from metalliferous soils from Northen Spain, with high levels of Zn, Pb and Cd, is presented.
Origin of Thermohaline Staircases

Hypotheses concerning the origin of thermohaline staircases in salt fingering regions are reviewed and assessed. One such hypothesis, that staircases arise from thermohaline intrusions, is developed into a quantitative theory. It is shown that growing intrusions evolve toward staircases when the background density ratio lies below a threshold value, and nonlinear computations confirm that staircases are viable intrusion equilibria. Staircase properties such as step heights, lateral density ratios, and layer slopes lie closest to observed values when salt fingers are assumed not to contribute to shear stress and when turbulent mixing rates are smaller than usual thermocline values.
The Economic Status of the Elderly

In the first part of the paper using official data sources, we estimate the real income of the elderly and of the rest of the population during the 1570s. We find that income per household of the elderly has increased more rapidly than income per household of the rest of the population, even though the elderly's fraction of income from work decreased greatly. In the rest of the paper we use the 1969 and 1975 Retirement History Surveys to estimate income, wealth and inflation vulnerability of households whose heads were ages 58 through 63 in 1969. The income data verified the results from the official data. The 1969 wealth data show that a representative person on the eve of retirement has small holdings of financial assets: most of the assets are in housing, Social Security and Medicare. Between 1969 and 1975 real wealth increased slightly on average. There was some tendency for the distribution to tighten. We found that contrary to popular opinion, on average the elderly are not especially vulnerable to a sudden increase in either prices or the rate of inflation. Most of their assets are inflation protected. The wealthy are most vulnerable to inflation.