Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural laboratory NW Bohemia: Comprehensive fluid studies between 1992 and 2005 used to trace geodynamic processes

Comprehensive studies of CO2‐rich fluids close to the swarm earthquake region Nový Kostel at the Czech‐German border have been started 15 years ago and have in particular included two extended chemical and isotope monitoring studies lasting for several years each. The regional surface distribution patterns of the fluid signatures including the identification of the origin of fluid components are the focus of the detailed studies. Three degassing centers (Cheb basin, Mariánské Lázně, and Karlovy Vary) with high CO2 flux and the same level of δ13C values, but different levels of 3He/4He ratios, have been identified. The studies have located the CO2 source and have investigated seismically induced changes in fluid characteristics on the basis of unique weekly sampling campaigns at selected locations. A seismically triggered release of crustal helium was confirmed by both monitoring campaigns. Finally, indications for a presently active magmatic process beneath the Cheb basin have been found. In contrast to volcanically active regions, magma accumulation in the study area takes place at the crust‐mantle boundary and is not yet accompanied by heat transfer to the surface. Likewise, reactive magma‐derived components are absent in the degassing fluids. The area of investigation has the potential to be a natural laboratory for fundamental studies of active geodynamic processes. The results of our fluid monitoring, including the stunning observation of mantle‐derived free fluids marked by 3He/4He ratios within the subcontinental mantle range, are supported by geophysical findings from seismic studies and geologic indications.
Efficacy of a Hip Protector to Prevent Hip Fracture in Nursing Home Residents The HIP PRO Randomized Controlled Trial

IN THE UNITED STATES, NEARLY 340 000 hip fractures occur per year, more than 90% of which are associated with falls, and the number of hip fractures may double or triple by the middle of this century. The highest incidence rates of hip fractures have been reported in nursing home residents where 50% of residents fall each year. Factors contributing to hip fracture in the nursing home population differ from those in community-dwelling seniors. After 70 years of age, falls and other indicators of frailty become the dominant determinant of hip fracture. Postural instability may be one of the most important risk factors, based on the finding that falls to the side increase the risk of hip fractures 3to 5-fold due to their impact forces. Reducing the impact of falls onto the hip with the use of hip protectors may be an effective strategy for preventing fractures, particularly in nursing home residents.
All-Thin-Film Tandem Cells Based on Liquid Phase Crystallized Silicon and Perovskites

Combining the emerging perovskite solar cell technology with existing silicon approaches in a tandem cell design offers the possibility for new low-cost high-performance devices. In this study, the potential of liquid phase crystallized silicon (LPC-Si) solar cells as a bottom cell in an all-thin-film tandem device is investigated. By optimizing the current output of a four terminal tandem using optical simulations and state-of-the-art electrical properties of the top and bottom cells, we show that an efficiency of 23.3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be reached, where 7.2<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> are attributed to the LPC-Si bottom cell. Including the potential of future developments of both sub cells, efficiencies of over 28<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> are estimated. Electrical and optical measurements of the bottom cell are performed by attaching a perovskite and a cutoff filter to the front side of the interdigitated back contacted LPC-Si cells. The measurements using a cutoff filter show a high impact of the filtered incident light spectrum on the open circuit voltage of the LPC-Si cell. A comparison of the simulated and measured absorptance shows that especially the optical properties of the transparent conductive oxides and recombination losses in the LPC-Si cause high current losses. Combining the measured data of the filtered LPC-Si cells and the semitransparent perovskite cells, yields a realistic estimation for the efficiency of a state-of-the-art four-terminal tandem device of 19.3<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>.
Pre- and Post-natal Growth Deficiencies and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Maternal consumption of alcohol (ethanol) during pregnancy [5] can inhibit prenatal growth, resulting in fetuses that are small for gestational age. Those prenatal growth deficiencies can have lasting consequences for early childhood development and are often reflected by low weight and stature. Those alcohol-induced preand post-natal growth deficiencies (failure to thrive) are among the abnormal developmental criteria used to identify Fetal Alcohol Syndrome [6] (FAS). FAS is characterized by minor facial abnormalities and deficiencies of the central nervous system [7] as well. A deficiency in prenatal growth is often referred to as an intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a general term that refers to stunted fetal growth that may be a result of genetic or environmental factors.
Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection in children in South Korea

ABSTRACT Objectives: In South Korea, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening is a critical strategy associated with efforts to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis (TB). Currently, only children with a known history of TB contact are considered as pediatric high-risk groups for LTBI, and consequently, LTBI screening is only provided to these children. However, to reduce the incidence of TB, the high-risk groups that undergo LTBI screening should be expanded. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for LTBI among children living in South Korea with no known history of TB contact for the identification of additional high-risk groups. We investigated the risk factors for LTBI among US visa applicant children, who undergo LTBI screening regardless of their TB contact history. Methods: We obtained data on demographic characteristics, medical history, Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccination history, and results of LTBI screening for children aged 2–14 years. A tuberculin skin test was used for the diagnosis of LTBI, and an induration of 10 mm or greater was used to define a positive test. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the association between clinical and demographic variables and LTBI. Results: Of the 1,664 study participants, 91 (5.5%) had LTBI. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that children born in high TB burden foreign countries had the highest odds of LTBI when considering all the risk factors investigated. Increasing age, absence of BCG vaccination, and a previous diagnosis of asthma were also significant risk factors for LTBI. Conclusion: These results indicate that children born in high TB burden foreign countries should be considered a high-risk group for LTBI in South Korea; the inclusion of these children in LTBI screening should be considered.
The effect of physical and chemical aerosol properties on warm cloud droplet activation

The effects of atmospheric aerosol on climate forcing may be very substantial but are quantified poorly at present; in particular, the effects of aerosols on cloud radiative properties, or the "indirect effects" are credited with the greatest range of uncertainty amongst the known causes of radiative forcing. This manuscript explores the effects that the composition and properties of atmospheric aerosol can have on the activation of droplets in warm clouds, so potentially influencing the magnitude of the indirect effect. The effects of size, composition, mixing state and various derived properties are assessed and a range of these properties provided by atmospheric measurements in a variety of locations is briefly reviewed. The suitability of a range of process-level descriptions to capture these aerosol effects is investigated by assessment of their sensitivities to uncertainties in aerosol properties and by their performance in closure studies. The treatment of these effects within global models is reviewed and suggestions for future investigations are made.
Are Bigger Banks Better? Firm-Level Evidence from Germany

I study how increases in bank size affect real outcomes. Two quasi-exogenous reforms in postwar Germany determined when certain banks were allowed to become bigger by consolidating. Using newly digitized microdata on firms and their relationship banks, I show that, on average, firms did not grow faster after their relationship banks consolidated. In fact, opaque firms grew more slowly. The banks did not become more profitable or efficient after consolidating, but started lending to risky firms. The findings imply that increases in bank size do not always raise the growth of firms and can actually harm some borrowers. (JEL E24, E44, G21, G28) ∗University of Chicago, kilianhuber@uchicago.edu. I am grateful to three referees, Anil Kashyap, Alan Manning, Ricardo Reis, Harald Uhlig, and Alwyn Young for insightful comments. I also thank Philippe Aghion, Saleem Bahaj, Florian Blum, Francesco Caselli, Nicola Cetorelli, Melissa Dell, Douglas Diamond, Thomas Drechsel, Erik Hurst, Victoria Ivashina, Randall Kroszner, Ross Levine, Stephan Maurer, Ana McDowall, Emi Nakamura, Brent Neiman, Daniel Paravisini, Thomas Philippon, Steve Pischke, Raghuram Rajan, Oliver Rehbein, Albrecht Ritschl, Christina Romer, David Romer, Isabel Schnabel, Robert Shimer, Jeremy Stein, Jón Steinsson, Philip Strahan, Amir Sufi, Fabian Waldinger, and Thomas Wollmann for helpful discussions. Kenan Jusufovic, Sungil Kim, and Stefan Wies provided excellent research assistance. The research was funded by grants from the Centre for Economic Performance, Centre for Macroeconomics, LSE Institute of Global Affairs, Paul Woolley Centre, Sticerd, and Stiftung Familienunternehmen. The Economic Archive Hohenheim, the German National Library of Economics, the Historical Archives of Commerzbank, Deutsche Bundesbank, and Deutsche Bank, the University Libraries of Cologne, Tübingen, and Munich, and the Württembergische Landesbibliothek generously supported the data collection.
ETHNICITY AND RISK: THE CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONS IN CENSUS WARDS CONTAINING MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS IN ENGLAND AND WALES

Recent geographical and sociological research has focused on analysing the environmental equity and justice dimensions of the distribution of pollution and risk. In the US, where most of this research has taken place, studies have shown that ethnic minority and poor communities bear a disproportionate burden of environmental risk, leading to accusations of environmental racism and deliberate targeting of marginal communities in siting decisions. Little attention has been given to these issues in the UK. This paper reports on a preliminary study examining the ethnic characteristics of census wards containing a particular category of technological risk known as 'major accident hazards'. The ethnic characteristics of wards with and without major accident hazard sites are analysed at national and regional scales. This reveals some evidence of a disproportionate siting of major accident hazard sites in wards with higher Asian populations. However it is stressed that these results provide no more than a preliminary indication of a pattern of distribution to be investigated further and that there are a number of significant limitations with the analysis undertaken including the size of spatial unit utilised, the lack of differentiation between major accident hazard sites and the need to examine the relationship between ethnicity and other socio-economic variables. No definitive conclusions can be drawn at this stage as to the validity, significance or cause of the apparent bias in site locations.
Chemoprevention of 1 , 2-Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug , Etoricoxib , in Rats : Inhibition of Nuclear Factor κ B

Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which block both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes of cycloxygenase, had also show surprisingly effective chemopreventive activity against colon and other cancers (Bodelon et al., 2009; Khan and Lee, 2009). Numerous studies have shown that NSAIDs, including aspirin, sulindac, piroxicam, ibuprofen, celecoxib and indomethacin, are suitable chemopreventive agents against carcinogen-induced and genetically manipulated animal models of colon carcinogenesis (Moorghen et al., 1988; Craven and DeRobertis, 1993; Reddy et al., 1993). NSAIDs are also the best found chemopreventive agents against colorectal cancer in epidemiological studies (Marnett, 1992; Smalley and DuBois, 1997). However, long-term use of these agents is limited by gastric and renal toxicity caused by inhibition of the constitutive COX-1 enzyme. COX-2 inhibitors on the other hand retain
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic life events that are linked to more than 40 poor adult health outcomes. Up to two-thirds of drug use problems may be traced back to ACEs [1]. Investing in the resiliency of our children is an important component of a comprehensive approach to the opioid epidemic.
The 2-additive fuzzy Choquet integral-based TODIM method with improved score function under hesitant fuzzy environment

Recently, the TODIM 1 (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision making) method has at-tracted increasing attention and many researchers have extended it to deal with multiple attribute decision making (MADM) problems under di(cid:11)erent situations. However, none of them can be used to handle MADM problems with positive, independent, and negative interactions among attributes, which restricts the applicability of TODIM method. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the 2-additive fuzzy Choquet integral-based hesitant fuzzy TODIM method to deal with this situation. To begin with, we propose the novel measured function to compare the magnitude of hesitant fuzzy elements, which has been proved to be more rational and e(cid:14)cient than existing approaches. Then we use nonlinear programming to obtain 2-additive fuzzy measures and then put forward novel Choquet integral based-dominance degree to calculate the dominance degree of one alternative over another under all attributes. Consequently, we then calculate the global value of each alternative whereby we can rank all the alternatives. Finally, an illustrate example is used to demonstrate the e(cid:14)ciency and applicability of the proposed approach with sensitivity analysis.
Medication Adherence in Renal Patients

Background: Medication adherence is defined as extent of patients taking medications as prescribed by doctors. It is the major factor that determines the therapeutic outcomes in the patient. Non adherence is quite common problem in most of the patients which is dangerous and can increase treatment expenses. Aims: The study was conducted to evaluate and identify various reasons leading to non-adherence which can result in unpleasant consequences in the renal patients. Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective observational study that was performed through a questionnaire for 6 months. The data collected includes renal patient’s demographic details, past history, complaints, medications and interviewed them regarding their medications use by using morisky adherence questionnaire. Results: The study was performed on 300 renal patients in the nephrology department. From this data around 31(10%) of the patients were completely adherent and 269(90%) of the patients were non-adherent to the medications. 66(24%) were non-adherent due to forgetfulness about medications, 49(18.2%) were non-adherent because of very frequent changes made in the drug regimen, 63(23.4%) of the patients were non-adherent because of expensive medicines. Conclusion: In our study, we observed that most of the people are unaware of their own medical condition and about their medications use. We assessed that lack of knowledge on renal complications and purpose of medication adherence will cause the non-medication adherence in the renal patients. So, the health care professionals must educate the patients regarding their severity of their health condition, usage and importance of their prescribed medications and advantages of hemodialysis in CKD patients, dietary restrictions to improve their quality of life and to reduce mortality rate. Non adherence can be also a result of low economic status.
The uneven distribution of family responsabilities between women and men, and its link with low fertility: some evidence for European Union countries from Eurobarometer data.

L? Eurobarometre es una enquesta realitzada per la Unio Europea dues vegades a l? any, que te com a finalitat coneixer l? opinio dels ciutadans europeus. Aquesta enquesta, que cobreix tant els estats membres de la UE com els paisos candidats a l? adhesio, te una mostra molt amplia a escala europea. Cada enquesta inclou una serie de questionaris tematics que cobreixen diversos temes d? interes pels politics de la UE. Per exemple, l? Eurobarometre Estandard 56.2 (2001) inclou un conjunt de preguntes sobre fecunditat ideal i efectiva a la UE-15. Aquestes preguntes es varen repetir al 2002 pels paisos candidats: com a consequencia, es disposa de resultats per 25 paisos. Alguns Eurobarometres recents inclouen, a mes a mes, preguntes sobre la distribucio de les responsabilitats familiars entre homes i dones. Aquesta investigacio analitza aquests resultats per demostrar si existeix alguna relacio entre baixa fecunditat i repartiment de tasques en un context en el que les dones estan incrementant la seva participacio en el mercat de treball, pero continuen encarregant-se de la majoria de les tasques reproductives.
Networking of multi-robot systems: issues and requirements

: The advancement of Multi-Robot Systems (MRS), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has led to their increasing use for large-scale monitoring. The research in this area has focused on developing advanced sensing and networking protocols, as well as specialized system topologies and embedded computer and communication platforms. This has resulted in a need for multidisciplinary projects to develop appropriate algorithms for data processing, communication, and control across diverse fields. The primary focus of this article is the collaborative features of MRS. It provides a brief overview of recent advancements in this vital domain, with a comparative focus on numerous recent theoretical and practical contributions. The article also identifies and discusses focus areas, such as a classification of MRS systems and the issues and requirements of MRS networking protocols. Additionally, references to applications in various domains, including the environment, agriculture, emergency scenarios, and border patrol, are highlighted. Finally, an integrated system model based on WSNs and UAVs is presented, along with an optimality study.
Knowledge Sharing Practices and Operational Safety of Construction Firms in South-South, Nigeria

This study investigated the relationship between knowledge sharing practices and operational safety of construction firms in south-south Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted for the study based on the attribute and purpose of the study for the generation of data. The accessible population of the study was made up of 10 registered construction firms in south-south region of Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was utilized to obtain primary data after validation and ascertaining the reliability coefficient of 0.7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and percentages) were utilized as statistical tools for analyzing the data, while spearman rank order correlation was used as statistical tool to test the hypotheses with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). It was discovered that knowledge sharing practices had significant relationship with operational safety of construction firms. However, it concluded that if adequately considered knowledge sharing practice will enhance operational safety, construction firms that invested in the employee training, management development and encourage community of practice as a way of knowledge transfer, records high level of productivity and fewer vices that will lead to loss of man hour and high level of organizational sustainability. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that for the organization to increase their turnover and reduce loss of man hour to accident and payment of compensation, they should invest more on strategies that will encourage employee training and retraining and promote management development and pay attention to community of practice system of learning to achieve competitive advantage.
Soil water management: evaluation of infiltration in furrow irrigarion systems, assessing water and salt content spatially and temporally in the Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat area.

Sustainability of irrigated agriculture is a growing concern in the Baix Llobregat area. Although irrigated land accounts for a substantial proportion of food supply to the local market, it has been, and still is increasingly degraded by poor agricultural management. This dissertation focuses on ways to evaluate furrow irrigation and to assess soil water content and soil salinity (temporally and spatially) under usual farmers's management practices. This dissertation meets these goals through an extensive study of relevant literature and the implementation of practical research. The latter was carried out with a case study on representative fields of the area. Empirical and stochastic models were applied to evaluate furrow irrigation as well as to monitor water flow and solute transport in the root zone. This research produced a number of key findings: first, evaluating furrow irrigation confirmed that 40-43 % of the applied water would have been saved in the study fields if irrigation was stopped as soon as soil water deficit was fully recharge taking the amount of water needed for salt leaching into account, and that the application efficiency (AE) would increase from 48% to 84% and from 41% to 68% (Field 1 and Field 2, respectively). Second, the predictions of soil water content using ARIMA models were logical, and the next irrigation time and its effect on soil water content at the depth of interest were correctly estimated. Third, considering the linear relationship eb-sb, by transforming the Hilhorst (2000) model, which is based on the deterministic linear relationship eb-sb, into a time- varying Dynamic Linear Model (DLM) enabled us to validate this relationship under field conditions. An offset esb=0 value was derived that would ensure the accurate prediction of sp from measurements of sb. It was shown that the offset esb=0 varied for each depth in the same soil profile. A reason for this might be changes in soil temperature along the soil profile. The sp was then calculated for each depth in the root zone. Fourth, by using a (multiple input--single output) transfer function model, the results showed that soil water content and soil temperature had a significant impact on soil salinity, and soil salinity, predicted as a function of soil water and soil temperature, was correctly estimated. Finally, applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results showed that the irrigation frequency, according to the farmer's usual management practice, had statistically significant effects on soil salinity behaviour, depending on soil depth and position (furrow, ridge). Moreover, it was shown that at the end of the crop's cycle the farmers left the field with less soil salinity, for each depth, than at the beginning of the crop's agricultural cycle.