Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multilevel Relational Data Model

A multilevel relational data model that meets the basic operational requirements for a multilevel database system is described. The model is an extension of the standard relational model, and consists of multilevel relations, which contain classification attributes as well as data attributes; multilevel relational integrity rules, which extend the integrity constraints of the relational model in order to pro vide consistency for data at different access classes, including data that becomes "polyinstantiated," a decomposition method for mapping all multilevel real relations into standard (single-level) base relations; and multilevel relational operators, which perform the functions of their counterparts in the standard relational model, while also labeling derived tuples with access classes. The model is defined in terms of the standard relational model, but lends itself to a design and implementation that offers a high level of assurance for mandatory security.
Text Content Approaches in Web Content Mining

INTRODUCTION Since the creation of the Web until now, Internet has become the greatest source of information available in the world. The Web is defined as a global information system that connects several sources of information by hyperlinks, providing a simple media to publish electronic information and being available to all the connected people. In this context, data mining researchers have a fertile area to develop different systems, using Internet as a knowledge base or personalizing web information. The combination of Internet and Data Mining has been typically referred as Web Mining, defined by Kosala and Blockeel (2000) as " a converging research area from several research communities, such as DataBase (DB), Information Retrieval (IR) and Artificial Intelligent (AI), especially from machine learning and Natural Language Processing (NLP) ". Web Mining is the use of data mining techniques to automatically discover and extract information from web documents and services; traditionally focused in three distinct ways, based on which part of the Web to mine: web content, web structure and web usage. Brief descriptions of these categories are summarized below. Web Content Mining-The Web contents consists of several types of data such as textual, image, audio, video, metadata as well as hyperlinks. Web Content Mining describes the process of information discovery from millions of sources across the World Wide Web. From an IR point of view, web sites consist of collections of hypertext documents for unstructured documents (Turney, 2002); and from a DB point of view, web sites consist of collections of semi-structured documents, (Jeh & Widom, 2004). Web Structure Mining-This approach is interested in the structure of the hyperlinks within the Web itself: the inter-document structure. The Web structure is inspired by the study of social network and citation analysis (Chakrabarti, 2002). Some algorithms have been proposed to model the Web topology such as PageRank (Brin & Page, 1998) from Google and other approaches that add content information to the link structure (Getoor, 2003). Web Usage Mining-Web usage mining focuses on techniques that could predict user behavior while the user interacts with the Web. A first approach, maps the usage data of the Web server into relational tables for a later analysis. A second approach uses the log data directly by using special pre-processing techniques (Borges & Levene, 2004). BACKGROUND In the Web there are not standards or style rules; the contents are created by a set of very heterogeneous …
Understanding Architectural Knowledge Sharing in AGSD Teams: An Empirical Study

Nowadays, the use of agile methodologies (AM) in Global Software Development (GSD) -- known as AGSD -- is increasingly common. However, AM and GSD are not completely compatible. On the one hand, in AM people interactions (face-to-face) are preferred over document-based communications to share knowledge. On the other hand, in GSD knowledge sharing is conducted through documents to minimize the effect of the inherent four distances (physical, temporal, language and cultural). This means that tacit knowledge is preferred in AM and explicit knowledge is preferred in GSD. These differences between AM and GSD affect many aspects of software development, for instance: Architectural Knowledge Management. According to the literature, in AGSD it is preferred to convey Architectural Knowledge (AK) by frequent interactions across sites through unstructured and textual electronic media (UTEM) (chats, emails, forums, etc.), that is, AK is articulated in these media. UTEM leave a textual record of the transmitted information, thus leaving an unstructured log of the shared AK of the project. In this paper we present an empirical study to understand AK articulation in UTEM in AGSD teams. Our results consist of an ontology that represents the involved aspects in AK articulation in UTEM in AGSD teams. Additionally, we identified eleven categories of interactions across sites through UTEM, where requirements and coding themes are prominent. Finally, we found that AK in UTEM is perceived as important, regardless the interaction frequency. These results lead us to think that a tool to structure and exploit AK in UTEM is needed in AGSD, in order to bridge the gap between AM and GSD.
XML Schema Matching \& XML Data Migration \& Integration: A Step Towards The Semantic Web Vision

In the past ten years, computers and especially the Internet have managed to become an important part of our everyday life. For a big part, this can be credited to the creation of the World Wide Web, which has become a new means for retrieving information, providing education, recreation, and other services faster and more efficiently. While this is true, one can say that the Web is still in a primitive state. More and more people publish web pages every day and the quality in terms of practicality and aesthetics of the pages becomes better and better, but the fact is that the Web receives only a very limited amount of help from computers. In order to bring the machines more into action, two steps must be taken: put data on the Web in a form that machines can understand or convert it into that form and, second, provide the machines with the means to process this data. XML is the first step towards this end. XML is a markup language designed to structure and carry data in a sensible way, thus helping programmers and web developers manipulate the data easily and efficiently. But XML is not the solution by itself. XML is merely a convenient way to structure and carry data it does not do anything by itself. The second step is divided into two parts: logic inference tools using RDF and ontologies, and tools that automatically perform specific tasks which are up to now manual. The first part is a very hot research area at this time, fuelled by ideas stated as early as the 1960’s for artificial intelligence. XML in coordination with RDF and ontologies are envisaged to enable computers provide high-level services by communicating with other web services and applications. The second part is concerned with providing tools to automatically perform tasks that are up to now expensive and time-consuming. Such tasks are importing/exporting data from/to XML files, automatic schema matching and migrating and integrating XML data. The realization of the Semantic Web vision depends on the implementation of the above two steps and is based on the already existing structure. ”The Semantic Web is not a separate Web, but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. [. ] In the near future, these developments will usher in significant new functionality, as machines become much better able to process and ’understand’ the data that they merely display at present” [1].
Stochastic Volatility in Financial Markets: Crossing the Bridge to Continuous Time

List of figures. List of tables. Preface. 1. Introduction. 2. Continuous time behavior of non linear ARCH models. 3. Continuous time stochastic volatility option pricing: foundational issues. 4. Models of the term structure with stochastic volatility. 5. Formulating, solving and estimating models of the term structure using ARCH models as diffusion approximations. References. Index.
Fat activism: a queer autoethnography

5 DECLARATION . 7 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . 9 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 11 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 13 SIMPLICITY, COMPLEXITY AND THE KILLJOY . 15 WHY THIS STUDY MATTERS . 20 STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS . 21 CHAPTER TWO: FAT ACTIVIST LITERATURE . 25 GO CHUB CRAZY WITH THE CHUBSTERS! 25 EXPLANATORY LITERATURE . 28 Popular fat activism . 28 Fragmented fat activism . 31 Feminist proxies for fat activism . 32 Disengaged fat activism . 35 CRITICAL LITERATURE . 39 Marginalised fat activism . 40 The threat of fat activism . 43 Using obesity to explain fat activism . 44 Fat activism that fails . 47 LOCATING THE THESIS . 51 What is fat activism? 52 Where is my fat activism discursively located? 54 How can fat activism be theorised productively? 56 CONCLUSION: MY CONTRIBUTION TO THE LITERATURE . 62 CHAPTER THREE: FAT ACTIVIST METHODOLOGY . 65 CONTEXTUALISING FAT ACTIVIST RESEARCH . 66 Researching obesity . 66 Who is allowed to know about fat? 67 Research justice . 69 REFLEXIVITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY . 71 Who am I to do this work? 71 Why who I am matters . 73 CUSTOMISING QUALITATIVE METHODOLOGY . 75 Critical ethnography . 75 Autoethnography . 77 Queering and scavenging autoethnography . 81 THE FIELD . 82 The archive as autoethnographic field . 83 DOING QUEERED AND SCAVENGED AUTOETHNOGRAPHY . 85 Being an activist . 86 Generating data . 88 Access . 90 Sampling . 91 Interviewing . 93 Data analysis . 95 Ethics and Quality . 95 Methodological limitations . 96 CONCLUSION: RESEARCH ACTIVISM . 98
DELLA-GAF1 Complex Is a Main Component in Gibberellin Feedback Regulation of GA20 Oxidase 21

GAF1-binding sites are necessary for GA feedback regulation of AtGA20ox2 in transgenic Arabidopsis, indicating that the DELLA-GAF1 complex is a main component of the GA feedback regulation of AtGA20ox2. Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, including germination, elongation, flowering, and floral development. Negative feedback regulation contributes to homeostasis of the GA level. DELLAs are negative regulators of GA signaling and are rapidly degraded in the presence of GAs. DELLAs regulate many target genes, including AtGA20ox2 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), encoding the GA-biosynthetic enzyme GA 20-oxidase. As DELLAs do not have an apparent DNA-binding motif, transcription factors that act in association with DELLA are necessary for regulating the target genes. Previous studies have identified GAI-ASSOCIATED FACTOR1 (GAF1) as such a DELLA interactor, with which DELLAs act as coactivators, and AtGA20ox2 was identified as a target gene of the DELLA-GAF1 complex. In this study, electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that four GAF1-binding sites exist in the AtGA20ox2 promoter. Using transgenic plants, we further evaluated the contribution of the DELLA-GAF1 complex to GA feedback regulation. Mutations in four GAF1-binding sites abolished the negative feedback of AtGA20ox2 in transgenic plants. Our results showed that GAF1-binding sites are necessary for GA feedback regulation of AtGA20ox2, suggesting that the DELLA-GAF1 complex is a main component of the GA feedback regulation of AtGA20ox2.
Systematic review of the literature on supplier code of conduct

Background. Cooperation with suppliers has an important bearing on the organisation’s ability to achieve its objectives. The supplier selection processes include various criteria which increasingly have also other than purely economic interest. Supplier code of conduct is one of tools for shaping relations between organisations and their suppliers which, applied mostly on international markets, expand dimensions of requirements suppliers should meet. The article analyses degree and scope of presence of supplier code of conduct in reviewed scientific publications. Research aims. Aim of the research is to identify presence of the issue of supplier code of conduct in reviewed scientific journals. The following research questions have been raised: 1. is there a research gap in the field of supplier code of conduct? ; 2. which scientific journals publish articles on supplier code of conduct? ; 3. which research areas undertake the subject of supplier code of conduct? Methodology. Systematic literature review was the fundamental research method. Papers subject to analysis were selected based on EBSCO and ProQuest. Key findings. Bibliometric and contextual analysis have led to the formulation of the following conclusions: 1. the issue of supplier code of conduct is present in reviewed scientific publications only to a very limited degree, 2. scientific journals publishing articles of supplier code of conduct have diversified profiles, 3. supplier code of conduct is a research subject in numerous research areas. Consequently to the systematic literature review proposals for future research directions have been drawn up.
Generating optimal control simulations of musculoskeletal movement using OpenSim and MATLAB

Computer modeling, simulation and optimization are powerful tools that have seen increased use in biomechanics research. Dynamic optimizations can be categorized as either data-tracking or predictive problems. The data-tracking approach has been used extensively to address human movement problems of clinical relevance. The predictive approach also holds great promise, but has seen limited use in clinical applications. Enhanced software tools would facilitate the application of predictive musculoskeletal simulations to clinically-relevant research. The open-source software OpenSim provides tools for generating tracking simulations but not predictive simulations. However, OpenSim includes an extensive application programming interface that permits extending its capabilities with scripting languages such as MATLAB. In the work presented here, we combine the computational tools provided by MATLAB with the musculoskeletal modeling capabilities of OpenSim to create a framework for generating predictive simulations of musculoskeletal movement based on direct collocation optimal control techniques. In many cases, the direct collocation approach can be used to solve optimal control problems considerably faster than traditional shooting methods. Cyclical and discrete movement problems were solved using a simple 1 degree of freedom musculoskeletal model and a model of the human lower limb, respectively. The problems could be solved in reasonable amounts of time (several seconds to 1–2 hours) using the open-source IPOPT solver. The problems could also be solved using the fmincon solver that is included with MATLAB, but the computation times were excessively long for all but the smallest of problems. The performance advantage for IPOPT was derived primarily by exploiting sparsity in the constraints Jacobian. The framework presented here provides a powerful and flexible approach for generating optimal control simulations of musculoskeletal movement using OpenSim and MATLAB. This should allow researchers to more readily use predictive simulation as a tool to address clinical conditions that limit human mobility.
Random waypoint impact on bio-inspired routing protocols in WSN

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Etiam lobortis facilisis sem. Nullam nec mi et neque pharetra sollicitudin. Praesent imperdiet mi nec ante. Donec ullamcorper, felis non sodales commodo, lectus velit ultrices augue, a dignissim nibh lectus placerat pede. Vivamus nunc nunc, molestie ut, ultricies vel, semper in, velit. Ut porttitor. Praesent in sapien. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Duis fringilla tristique neque. Sed interdum libero ut metus. Pellentesque placerat. Nam rutrum augue a leo. Morbi sed elit sit amet ante lobortis sollicitudin. Praesent blandit blandit mauris. Praesent lectus tellus, aliquet aliquam, luctus a, egestas a, turpis. Mauris lacinia lorem sit amet ipsum. Nunc quis urna dictum turpis accumsan semper. Depending on the application requirements, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed by static or mobile sensor nodes. The weaknesses of sensors with mobility arise major challenges especially in routing. Routing in WSNs is among the NP-hard optimization problem that requires efficient and robust methods such as metaheuristics. The ant colony optimization (ACO) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) are the most used metaheuristics for solving this problem in static WSNs. For dynamic WSNs, the model random waypoint (RWP) is widely proposed to evaluate the performance of mobile networks. In this work, we present a new evaluation of the RWP model impact on the ACO and the PSO-based routing protocols for WSNs, using different parameters like the number of nodes, simulation time and simulation area. Further, this study compares the performance of the ACO and the PSO routing protocols for mobile WSNs.
Artificial Neural Networks for Beginners

The scope of this teaching package is to make a brief induction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for people who have no previous knowledge of them. We first make a brief introduction to models of networks, for then describing in general terms ANNs. As an application, we explain the backpropagation algorithm, since it is widely used and many other algorithms are derived from it. The user should know algebra and the handling of functions and vectors. Differential calculus is recommendable, but not necessary. The contents of this package should be understood by people with high school education. It would be useful for people who are just curious about what are ANNs, or for people who want to become familiar with them, so when they study them more fully, they will already have clear notions of ANNs. Also, people who only want to apply the backpropagation algorithm without a detailed and formal explanation of it will find this material useful. This work should not be seen as "Nets for dummies", but of course it is not a treatise. Much of the formality is skipped for the sake of simplicity. Detailed explanations and demonstrations can be found in the referred readings. The included exercises complement the understanding of the theory. The on-line resources are highly recommended for extending this brief induction.
Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the Most Good for Your Company and Your Cause

Acknowledgments. Introduction. 1. The Case for Doing at Least Some Good. 2. Corporate Social Initiatives: Six Options for Doing Good. 3. Corporate Cause Promotions: Increasing Awareness and Concern for Social Causes. 4. Cause-Related Marketing: Making Contributions to Causes Based on Product Sales. 5. Corporate Social Marketing: Supporting Behavior Change Campaigns. 6. Corporate Philanthropy: Making a Direct Contribution to a Cause. 7. Community Volunteering: Employees Donating Their Time and Talents. 8. Socially Responsible Business Practices: Discretionary Business Practices and Investments to Support Causes. 9. Twenty-five Best Practices for Doing the Most Good for the Company and the Cause. 10. A Marketing Approach to Winning Corporate Funding and Support for Social Initiatives: Ten Recommendations. Notes. Index.
Recurrent mutations in the NF1 gene are common among neurofibromatosis type 1 patients

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the commonest autosomal dominant disorders in man, affecting 1 in 3500 people. Consensus clinical criteria were defined in 19871 and revised and updated in 1997.2 Cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, dermal neurofibromas, and Lisch nodules of the iris are the most common manifestations of this disorder. Most of the clinical symptoms of the disease are age dependent and considerable phenotypic variability has been described both between and within families.3,4 This genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene, one of the largest human genes, composed of 60 exons and spanning more than 300 kb of genomic DNA.5 The determination of the NF1 mutational spectrum has been complex owing to the large number of coding exons and the considerable mutational heterogeneity. Until recently, most diagnostic laboratories just offered linkage analysis for NF1 patients, which excluded diagnosis of the 50% of de novo cases. The use of techniques based on the analysis of NF1 mRNA greatly facilitated the number of mutations identified and NF1 screening efficiency, depicting a mutational NF1 spectrum.6–8 These studies highlighted the importance of splicing defects in molecular NF1 pathology and, despite most patients bearing unique mutations, they suggested the recurrence of several mutations. Here we present our experience with the direct analysis of the whole NF1 coding region in 474 unrelated subjects suspected of having NF1. Mutations have been identified in 189 patients, 85 of them bearing recurrent mutations. ### Patients and families Four hundred and seventy-four unrelated subjects suspected of having NF1 were analysed for mutations in the NF1 gene. Included in these 474 cases are 80 NF1 patients studied previously.6 Clinical data confirming NF1 diagnostic criteria were available in 201 (42%) of the subjects studied and in the remaining cases either no …
CONDITIONS PREDISPOSING TO SUICIDE: A REVIEW

By reviewing causes of death among cohorts of various major disease entities or conditions, one may infer that a large majority of suicides are associated with a relatively small number of conditions. From the available follow-up studies, we might estimate that the following percentage of affected individuals will die by suicide: primary (endogenous) depression, 15 per cent; reactive (neurotic) depression, 15 per cent; alcoholism, 15 per cent; schizophrenia, 10 per cent; psychopathic personality, 5 per cent; opiate addiction, 10 per cent or more. Rough estimates of the number of suicides per year in the United States attributable to each condition might be as follows (using low incidence figures): depression, 12,900; alcoholism 6,900; schizophrenia, 3,800; psychopathy, 2,000 (? ); drug addiction, 900.
Geneti Algorithm Optimization Tool for Channel Estimation and Symbol Detection in Mimo-OFDM Systems

The quality of wireless media is described by three parameters. These parameters are its transmission range, transmission rate and reliability. In the conventional OFDM systems one parameter can be increased on the cost of decreasing other two parameters. However by combining MIMO with OFDM systems, all the three parameters can be improved simultaneously. Symbol detection and channel estimation are the two essential tasks of MIMO-OFDM system. These tasks can be excellently achieved by various other recently developed algorithms such as maximum likelihood (ML) detector, LMS, RLS etc. All these algorithms face a common problem of robustness. Also the complexity of these algorithms is very high in the system with large number of transmitters and receivers and having large constellation size. Therefore, we are using the NLMS estimator. But it doesn’t provide the optimal solution. Genetic algorithm has the advantages of significantly less computational complexity, greater robustness and is closer to the optimal solution. Hence in this paper we are using Genetic algorithm based NLMS estimator to accomplish these tasks and to achieve results near to optimal solution. Comparisons between the results obtain from GA optimized NLMS estimator and plane NLMS estimator has been shown for better understanding.