Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING: HOW PLAGIARISM COULD BE USED AS AN EFFICIENT LEARNING TOOL?

Instructors should consider the role of responsible feedback as one of the main priorities of their teaching and learning strategies. It is well known that feedback is the bridge between students and instructors, as students’ work is reviewed and put into an appropriate learning context. In this context, we argue that detecting plagiarism should be an additional vehicle to allow students achieve settled academic standards. Plagiarism detection tools should be used to encourage students to follow best practices, and at the same time inspire and guide students to work harder. In this regard, quality feedback plays a crucial role in identifying areas of weaknesses in standards of writing, which should be considered carefully by instructors when guiding their students to comply with academic rules and standards. We must not forget that students are learners that need tutoring, mentoring, objective and clear guidelines that keep them focused and motivated, and this also applies to adhering to academic integrity. Accordingly, we argue that instructors’ feedback should also address academic integrity in an efficient and constructive manner. Plagiarism has very negative connotations in academia, and must be monitored. However, in this context, the following questions remain pertinent: What kind of action is required to prevent plagiarism? How can instructors use plagiarism as another tool to motivate and guide their students? What way can plagiarism be used for constructive learning and not as a way to punish students? We believe that the answers lie in responsible feedback. We explore the use of plagiarism as a constructive tool that can make a difference in the learning experience. We aim to offer an initial view of how instructors could shift from using plagiarism as a source of punishing students to a more constructive and positive end.
Quality Assurance in the Uniform Branch of the Police Service

This article examines quality assurance in the uniform branch of the police service from an operations management standpoint based on an initial case investigation of the Greater Manchester Police Force. It suggests that many of the concepts which apply to other types of service operations are relevant to the police service and could be extended to improve quality assurance of the service. The conclusions drawn from the study represent the view of the author.
The Safety of Herbal Medicines (Phytovigilance) from Community Pharmacists' Perspective: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objectives The "safe if natural" perception of herbal products may have several undesirable side effects. It is important to raise awareness in public order to change this perception and ensure safer use of herbal products. The role of pharmacists is to supply herbal medicines safely and to provide accurate information to the patients about herbal products. The aim of this study was to analyze the perspective, knowledge, attitude, and behavior of community pharmacists about phytovigilance. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using community pharmacists (n= 879) using face-to-face surveys between April-June 2019 in Istanbul. For statistical analysis, student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare the mean values of the groups. Results It was determined that 58.1% of the pharmacists heard phytovigilance for the first time and 93.5% of them had not reported any safety-related herbal medicine reported so far. Among the reasons for not reporting, well-known adverse reactions were found to be 24.2% and the difficulty of reporting was found to be 21.8%. 84.6% of pharmacists have never received training related to phytovigilance. It was found that pharmacists with a working experience of more than 20 years primarily selected herbal products provided in their pharmacy based on the manufacturing company primarily, whereas others selected based on the efficacy of the products. Conclusion The results of this study have revealed the necessity to increase training on the safety of herbal medicines to cover all stakeholders and to give due importance to phytovigilance. The phytovigilance systems established in some countries for public health should be expanded to other countries. There is a need for a more user-friendly reporting system to increase adverse reaction reporting by pharmacists and other healthcare professionals. In the future, plan to perform studies to raise awareness in the public and promote reporting with digital technologies.
Antiulcerogenic effects of aqueous-methanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in male albino rats

Currently, there is increasing trend in the use of herb for the treatment of diseases and ailments. Vernonia amygdalina is a valuable shrub that is widely spread in the East and West Africa and its medicinal value has been reported in tradomedicine. The effects of aqueous methanol leaf extract of V. amygdalina on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in male albino rats was investigated using standard methods. A total of 43 rats were used for the study. Thirteen rats were used for the acute toxicity study while thirty rats randomly divided into six groups (n=5) were used for anti-ulcer study. The result of the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, resins and steroids. The result of the acute toxicity study revealed that the extract might have LD 50 above 5000 mg/kg bt.w. The results of the gastrointestinal pH indicated insignificant (p>0.05) increase in all groups treated with the graded doses of the extract while the groups treated with omeprazole showed significant (p<0.05) increase in pH when compared to the negative control group. Ulcer index of the groups treated with omeprazole and graded dose of the extract showed a significant (p<0.05) dose response decrease when compared to the negative control group. The result of the anti-oxidant assay showed significant (p<0.05) increase in the catalse activity of the group treated with omeprazole and the group treated with 600mg/kg of the extract but showed no significance (p<0.05) increase in the enzyme activities at lower doses of the extract when compared to the normal group. The study has shown that the extract elicited ulcer curative efficacies and perhaps justifies its use in traditional medicine for ulcer management and cure.
A contemporary review of non-invasive methods in diagnosing abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Background: Currently, the impact of abdominal aortic aneurysm may be changing despite the aging population, but may be ambiguous given the decline in smoking, the use of screening methods, and integration of non-surgical treatment. Objective: This review aimed to assess the most common currently used non-invasive methods to identify abdominal aortic aneurysm, namely ultrasound and computed tomography. Methods: PRISMA guidelines were utilized to retrieve original articles from the past five years. All retrospective and prospective studies/trials were included, but limited to US and CT abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnostic imaging methods. Qualitative assessment of study quality is described. Results: Three of the six studies reported abdominal aortic aneurysm screening data. The estimated prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm for the three studies ranged from 4.5% to 6.2%. CT had slightly higher sensitivity and US had higher specificity for abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosis. Two of the described studies assessed technical issues and problems with contemporary imaging of abdominal aortic aneurysm. The final article described measuring abdominal aortic aneurysm function of aortic distensibility and its pulse wave velocity for a comprehensive assessment of the abdominal aortic aneurysm via standard CT imaging. Conclusions: Both US and CT are useful diagnostic imaging modalities for abdominal aortic aneurysm, but remain with unique pitfalls and propensity for errors, notwithstanding patient-related errors. Technical issues in imaging with both ultrasound and CT are not straightforward. The potential value of an integrated CT protocol with CT-US fusion and/or assessment of aortic function rather than solely aortic anatomy may further diminish diagnostic complexities.
Knockout of cyc2 in A. ferrooxidans to reduce sulfuric acid production in acid mine drainage

As the main source of water pollution within the midAtlantic region of the United States, acid mine drainage (AMD) is incredibly damaging to the environment. For example, AMD from the Berkeley Pit, a former copper mine, resulted in the deaths of over 4,000 migrating snow geese (Guarino, 2016). Acid mine drainage occurs when sulfides, common in most metal ores, are exposed to air and react with water to form sulfuric Knockout of cyc2 in A. ferrooxidans to reduce sulfuric acid production in acid mine drainage
THE POTENTIAL OF LOCAL EARTHWORMS IN VERMICOMPOSTING GOAT MANURE (GM) AND SPENT COCONUT FLAKES (SCF) MUHAMMAD FARIS BIN MD YUSOFFA,*, SUHAIZAN BINTI LOBB, AND NURUL FAZIHA IBRAHIMC

Vermicomposting is a process that involves biological, chemical and physical transformations of solid organic materials such as agricultural residues of plant and animal through the use of microorganisms and earthworms. There are three main classes of earthworms, and only those from one class are usually used for vermicomposting. However, mostly foreign earthworms are used in the setup. Foreign earthworms are more expensive and harder to obtain than local earthworms. This makes the local farmers reluctant to try since they are expensive. The difference in vermicompost using two species of epigeic earthworms, a local earthworm and a foreign earthworm (Eisenia fetida), and normal compost without any earthworms was measured in this study. Both species of earthworms were placed in identical vermibeds consisting of partially composted goat manure and partially composted spent coconut flakes (SCF) with the ratio of 5:1 respectively in terms of weight. The vermibed moisture content was maintained at 60 – 70% throughout the whole process. The end products showed a difference from one another. The E. fetida showed a better result compared to the local earthworms in terms of the nutrient content presence and the adaptability of the earthworms during the whole process. However, the end product from the local earthworms was still better compared to the normal compost without any earthworms.
Accurate modelling of microwave structures using shape-preserving response prediction

An improved technique for accurate modelling of microwave structures is presented. It is a modification of a recently introduced approach exploiting shape-preserving response prediction (SPRP) procedure that estimated the response of the CPU-intensive EM-simulated microwave structure using an auxiliary and computationally cheap model of the structure and a single reference design. Here, the response is estimated using multiple reference designs, which allows better utilisation of available training data. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach offers excellent modelling accuracy, which is not only better than the accuracy provided by space mapping but also better than the accuracy of the original modelling using SPRP. The authors approach is particularly suitable to build low-cost models useful to perform design tasks such as parametric optimisation and statistical analysis.
Oxidized LDL Mediated Upregulation of ADAMTS-4 in Monocytes/Macrophages Involves The ROS-NFκB Pathway

ADAMTS-4 is a protease enzyme which involves in vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. It was found to be upregulated in macrophages seen in atherosclerotic lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and regulation of ADAMTS-4 in oxLDL induced human monocytes/macrophages system. PBMCs isolated from human blood(hPBMCs), treated with oxLDL (50μg/ml) were used as the model system for the study. mRNA and protein expressions were studied by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and western blot analysis. ROS production and cell viability were determined by fluorescence imaging and MTT assay respectively. In the presence of oxLDL, monocytes get differentiated into macrophages, which were confirmed by the increased expression of CD-36, b- D glucuronidase activity and by the morphological changes. OxLDL increased the mRNA and protein expression of ADAMTS-4 and TIMP-3 in monocytes/ macrophages. A significant increase in the mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α was also observed in oxLDL treated cells compared to untreated control. In the presence of NAC, the ROS scavenger, the production of NFκB and ADAMTS-4 was decreased significantly. Our study suggests that oxLDL significantly upregulated the expression of ADAMTS-4 in the monocyte/macrophage system. OxLDL mediated upregulation of ADAMTS-4 in hPBMCs involves TNF-α and ROS- NFκB pathway.
Analysis and Performance of Some Basic

In this paper, we discuss some of the most basic architectural superstructures for wireless links with multiple antennas: at the transmit site and at the receive site. Toward leveraging the gains of the last half century of coding theory, we emphasize those structures that can be composed using spatially one dimensional coders and decoders. These structures are investigated primarily under a probability of outage constraint. The random matrix channel is assumed to hold steady for such a large number of -dimensional vector symbol transmission times, that an infinite time horizon Shannon analysis provides useful insights. The resulting extraordinary capacities are contrasted for architectures that differ in the way that they manage self- interference in the presence of additive receiver noise. A universally optimal architecture with a diagonal space-time layering is treated, as is an architecture with horizontal space-time layering and an architecture with a single outer code. Some capacity asymptotes for large numbers of antennas are also included. Some results for frequency selective channels are presented: It is only necessary to feedback rates, one per transmit antenna, to attain capacity. Also, capacity of an link is, in a certain sense, invariant with respect to signaling format.
A passive-matched 22 GHz 2.6-dB-NF CMOS front-end with a 70-800 ps delay block

This paper presents a power-efficient RF differential receiver front-end supporting transmitted-reference (TR) communication in a 90 nm CMOS technology. Particularly, it addresses the issues of designing the frontend amplifier with low-noise and passive matching circuits on a silicon process and integrating a low-power delay unit in the front-end with wideband characteristics. The proposed architecture includes a differential high simulated gain (11 dB) amplifier which is centered at 21.6 GHz (in the K-Band) with a 6.2 GHz bandwidth (18.1~24.3 GHz). The input and output reflection parameters have centered values around -26 and -18 dB, respectively. With noise matching, the amplifier achieves 2.6~2.9 dB bandwidth noise-figure and 2 dBm input power limit for linear coverage. To interface the amplifier with a following RF mixer, a submicron delay-block (DB) is proposed with provision of adjusting number of stages in the delay chain. The branched DB architecture achieves monotonic delays covering a range of 70-800 ps (including group-dispersion). Tweaking of delay is possible through four design parameters and the set-up is analyzed by extending the number of cascaded stages up to eight. Driven from a 1.2 V supply, the amplifier and the DB consume 13.9 and 8.52- 10.61 mW power, respectively, and realize the circuits for the TR front-end. When compared with simulated results of reported CMOS receivers, the proposed design delivers higher performance in terms of a microwave figure-of-merit.
From Modernisation, Dependency and Soft Power Toward a Commonwealth of Learning

This article reflects on some influential theories, concepts and institutions that have shaped the nature and substance of international development since the mid-20th century. In particular, theories of modernisation and dependency are deployed to reflect on the ways in which the International Financial Institutions, such as, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have adopted a ‘Washington Consensus’ concerning the social and economic development of ‘developing’ nations. ‘Soft power’ national agencies, such as, the British Council and USAID are brought into consideration, especially, for their interests and influences over matters of learning for development. The multi-national Commonwealth of Learning’s particular contribution to learning for development is discussed with suggestions made for developing member nations’ capacities to produce new local knowledge and to bring their existing local knowledge to the fore to share as part of a (Lockean) ‘commonwealth of learning’.
A REVIEW OF CRYPTOGRAPHIC IMPACT IN CYBER-SECURITY ON SMART GRID: THREAT, CHALLENGES AND COUNTERMEASURES

The continuous development of information communication technology assists the traditional electricity grid to become a modern integrated platform. As Internet-of-Thing’s technologies involve in smart grid features together with delivery emerging services utility side to end user via unreliable channel. Due to high dependency of communication system lead catastrophic security vulnerabilities. In addition, loss data security or privacy along hampered core security objectives confidentiality, integrity, availability and broken connection between them. Therefore, significant number of researches worked mitigates those types of threads by the use of cryptographic aspect. It is fascinated to kept data secure and ensures the privacy between two parties during transmission or any kind of data share in distribute manner. In this paper, we present comprehensive survey on cryptographic impact in smart grid for security objectives, requirement, and challenges. Particularly, produces security threats, examined current research work countermeasure technique. We aim to supply deeper understanding about role of cryptographic aspect in smart grid to shed light and guide future research direction for cyber-security protection against from malicious attacker in smart grid application.
Richárd Kiss DEFENCE AGAINST ADVERSARIAL ATTACKS BY EXTENDING CLASS LABEL SET

The fast improvement of deep learning methods resulted in major breakthroughs in multiple fields of machine learning, including image classification. With novel deep learning architectures one can achieve very accurate classification performance, however these models often are sensitive to adversarial perturbations. The goal of Adversarial Attacks is to change the models output label by adding noise to the input. The attacker also minimizes the norm of the attack vector. In my paper I cover two aspects of adversarial defence, the capability of detecting adversarial attacks and the robust classification performance. I compare two adversarial defence methods, one called NULL labelling, and an own method which is based on NULL labelling. The NULL labelling method introduces one new label to the N label classification problem, which represents the presence of adversarial perturbation. My method, called 2N labelling, addresses the problem by extending the N label classification problem into a 2N label one. In this scenario each original class has two corresponding classes in the extended label set, one represents the original label without perturbation, the other one indicates the presence of perturbation. By design, with this approach one can predict the original label even if adversarial noise is present. To evaluate the effectiveness of the methods, I also trained a substitute model that does not use any adversarial defence method. I conclude my paper with the results of comparative testing.
The link between total quality management practice and organisational performance

Tests the strength of the relationship between TQM practice and organisational performance with and without the covariates, company size, industry type, and ISO 9000 certification status. Analysis is primarily of a large random sample of manufacturing companies in Australia and New Zealand. The central finding of the study is that TQM tends to have mixed results when covaried for company size and industry type. The relationship between TQM and organisational performance is not affected when covaried for ISO 9000 certification status. Concludes that there are significant differences in the relationship between TQM and organisational performance across industry sectors and different size companies, particularly on the effect of defect rates, warranty costs and innovation of new products. The main implication of the findings for managers is that a typical manufacturing organisation is more likely to achieve better performance in employee relations, customer satisfaction, operational performance and business performance, with TQM than without TQM.
Detection of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Antigen in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) by Immunohistochemistry in Patients from KPK Province of Pakistan

Objective: To determine the frequency of EBVLMP-1 antigen positivity in OSCC and normal oral squamous epithelial tissues (control) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to see the effect of age and gender in both the OSCC and control tissues. Study Design: Descriptive, Cross Sectional, Multicenter study. Setting: Pathology/ Peshawar Medical College (PMC), Peshawar Dental College and Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar. Period: April 2018 to September 2018. Material & Methods: Conducted on total 60 samples divided into two groups. Group A: 30 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of OSCC cases and Group B: 30 non neoplastic oral epithelial tissues (control). Both groups A and B slides were stained through immunohistochemistry for EBV LMP-1 monoclonal antigen. Results: 30 cases of OSCC Group A and 30 cases of non-neoplastic oral mucosa Group B were selected for the LMP-1 staining by immunohistochemistry. The mean age of OSCC was 56.5 years (±14.47 Standard deviation) with a range of 20-80 years. Male: Female ratio was 1.3:1 . OSCC commonly involved buccal mucosa. 80% (n=24/30) OSCC cases were grade 1, all the cases of OSCC (100%) showed epithelial positivity for EBV LMP-1 antigen, whole (29/30) cases of non-neoplastic oral mucosa cases showed positivity and there is no statistically significant difference in both Groups A and B. Conclusion: With the findings of EBV positivity in both the OSCC and all of the control cases; it is concluded that EBV does not play an important role in etiology of OSCC. This suggests that the infection by this ubiquitous virus (EBV) occurs at some point in the life of a person leaving LMP, protein latent in the cells of oral epithelium.
Multiple gamma rhythms carry distinct spatial frequency information in primary visual cortex

Gamma rhythms in many brain regions, including the primary visual cortex (V1), are thought to play a role in information processing. Here, we report a surprising finding of 3 narrowband gamma rhythms in V1 that processed distinct spatial frequency (SF) signals and had different neural origins. The low gamma (LG; 25 to 40 Hz) rhythm was generated at the V1 superficial layer and preferred a higher SF compared with spike activity, whereas both the medium gamma (MG; 40 to 65 Hz), generated at the cortical level, and the high gamma HG; (65 to 85 Hz), originated precortically, preferred lower SF information. Furthermore, compared with the rates of spike activity, the powers of the 3 gammas had better performance in discriminating the edge and surface of simple objects. These findings suggest that gamma rhythms reflect the neural dynamics of neural circuitries that process different SF information in the visual system, which may be crucial for multiplexing SF information and synchronizing different features of an object.