Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predicting legal proceedings status: approaches based on sequential text data

The objective of this work, which is fully given by Polo et al. [8], is to develop predictive models to classify Brazilian legal proceedings in three possible classes of legal status: (i) archived proceedings, (ii) active proceedings, and (iii) suspended proceedings. Each proceeding is made up of a chronological sequence of short texts called "motions" written by the courts' administrative staff. The motions relate to the proceedings, but not necessarily to their legal status. Moreover, the proceedings' labels are decided by the courts to organize their workflow. This problem's resolution is intended to assist public and private institutions in managing large portfolios of legal proceedings, providing gains in scale and efficiency.
Food Science of Animal Resources

Meat proteolytic systems play a crucial role in meat tenderisation. Understanding the effects of processing technologies and post-mortem storage conditions on these systems is important due to their crucial role in determining the quality characteristics of meat and meat products. It has recently been proposed that tenderisation occurs due to the synergistic action of numerous endogenous proteolytic systems. There is strong evidence suggesting the importance of μ-calpain during the initial post-mortem aging phase, while m-calpain may have a role during long-term aging. The caspase proteolytic system is also a candidate for cell degradation in the initial stages of conversion of muscle to meat. The role of cathepsins, which are found in the lysosomes, in post-mortem aging is controversial. Lysosomes need to be ruptured, through aging, or other forms of processing to release cathepsins into the cytosol for participation in proteolysis. A combination of optimum storage conditions along with suitable processing may accelerate protease activity within meat, which can potentially lead to improved meat tenderness. Processing technologies such as high pressure, ultrasound, and shockwave processing have been reported to disrupt muscle structure, which can facilitate proteolysis and potentially enhance the aging process. This paper reviews the recent literature on the impacts of processing technologies along with post-mortem storage conditions on the activities of endogenous proteases in meat. The information provided in the review may be helpful in selecting optimum postmortem meat storage and processing conditions to achieve improved muscle tenderness within shorter aging and cooking times.
A Click Based Graphical Password Scheme Using AI Hard Problem

attacks are classified based on password space and capture based. This paper focused on the brute force attacks and dictionary attacks. Preliminary analysis is done along with password attacks. In this paper various recognition based password scheme such as Déjà vu, Jensen et al., Passfaces , Story are studied , in recall based scheme Hong et al, Blonder, DAS are studied and in hybrid scheme Jiminy, GrIDsure,ac etc schemes are studied.
Morphological Improvements for Photogrammetry-based 3 D Reconstruction of Historic Monuments 1

Reconstruction of 3D surfaces for restoration and digital preservation of geospatial structures has vital applications. Photogrammetry-based reconstruction is one way to produce near-optimal results but suffers from surface quality issues especially when working with inadequate or missing image frames. This effectively results in reduced quality of the generated surface. This paper suggests improving photogrammetry-based 3D surface generation by incorporating filtering and extrapolating control vertices for approximating the surface. For this purpose, methods like moving average filter, local regression, and exponential smoothing methods have been studied for surface approximation. The improvement in the quality of the generated surface is visually and structurally verified by triangulating and rendering. The proposed framework enables to overcome of small holes and generate an optimized approximation of the surface. The paper also studies the improvement in surface quality by applying them to the tone-adjusted set of images. The proposed reconstruction method has been applied to the data acquired for a historic fort situated at Ahmednagar in Maharashtra, India. The results of the experimental work advocate the use of color tone adjustments, smoothing, and interpolation of points in 3D space as an integrated framework for improved 3D reconstruction and visualization of historic monuments. The reconstructed 3D surface exhibits a higher degree of resemblance to that of the actual and theoretical physical structure of the monument.
Labour Supply and Informal Care Responses to Health Shocks within Couples: Evidence from the UKHL

Shocks to health have been shown to reduce labour supply for the individual affected. Less is known about household self-insurance through a partner’s response to a health shock. Previous studies have presented inconclusive empirical evidence on the existence of a health-related `added worker effect’. We use UK longitudinal data to investigate within households both the labour supply and informal care responses of an individual to the event of an acute health shock to their partner. Relying on the unanticipated timing of shocks, we combine coarsened exact matching and entropy balancing algorithms with parametric analysis and exploit lagged outcomes to remove bias from observed confounders and time-invariant unobservables. We find no evidence of a health-related ‘added worker effect’. A significant and sizeable increase in spousal informal care, irrespective of spousal labour market position or household financial status and ability to purchase formal care provision, suggests a substitution to informal care provision, at the expense of time devoted to leisure activities.
Subline Frequency Setting for Autonomous Minibusses under Demand Uncertainty

Over the last years, there have been initiated several pilots with autonomous minibusses. Unlike regular bus services, autonomous minibusses serve a limited number of stops and have more flexible schedules since they do not require bus drivers. This allows the operation of a line through a flexible combination of sublines, where a subline serves a subset of consecutive stops in the same order as the original line. This paper studies the subline frequency setting (SFS) problem under uncertain passenger demand. We present a frequency setting model that assigns autonomous minibusses to sublines in order to exploit the available resources as much as possible and minimize the operational and passenger waiting time costs. Passenger waiting time costs may depend on the combination of several lines whose frequencies cannot be perfectly aligned for each passenger journey. We present a new estimation of the expected waiting time for passengers to improve the accuracy of the passenger waiting time costs in the case of sublines. Our SFS model is originally formulated as a MINLP and reformulated as a MILP that can be solved to global optimality. Further, we explicitly consider the uncertainty of passenger demand in the optimization process by formulating a stochastic optimization model. The performances of our stochastic and deterministic models that assign minibusses to sublines are tested under various passenger demand scenarios in the 14-stop autonomous minibus line in Eberbach, Germany and a fictional bus line with 20 bus stops. Results show potential improvements in operational costs in the range of 10-40% depending on the passenger demand profile.
Effects of a Per-Bag Trash Collection Fee Program: Evidence from a Synthetic Control Method

Pay As You Throw (PAYT) policies are implemented worldwide to reduce waste. This paper estimates the effects of a PAYT policy in New Taipei City - per-bag trash collection fee (PBCF) program - on households' waste disposal. Under the PBCF, people have to buy certified bags for their unsorted waste, while sorted waste (food and recyclable waste) is disposed of for free. We apply a synthetic control method that allows cities/counties to have different trends in waste disposal. The estimation results using the city/county-level administrative data suggest that the PBCF decreases unsorted waste by about 27.2% and recyclable waste by about 20.8%. Food waste almost doubles in the short term, but the magnitude gradually reduces over time. Overall, the program reduces total waste by about 17.4%. These results suggest that waste avoidance behavior resulting from the PBCF appears not only in unsorted waste but also in recycling. Finally, we estimate that the welfare gain from the PBCF is about 30,000 NTD per household per year.
3D Model of extraction of oil from north sea fields by supercritical carbon dioxide

The extraction of North Sea oil from the oil saturated chalk samples by supercritical carbon dioxide was investigated to determine the pressure value, at which the highest amount of oil can be extracted. The pressure of extraction was gradually increased at every next test to check out how the extraction of lighter hydrocarbon fractions at lower pressure affect the oil recovery rate at higher pressure. The first serial test was conducted with three core chalk samples of equal size and each of a weight of 9 g. The samples were naturally saturated with oil at three values of temperature of 50 o , 60 o and 70C. For comparison, the second serial test was conducted with three pure chalk samples of equal size and weight of 26 g saturated with the North Sea oil under vacuum in the laboratory at the same values of temperature. The results of experiments were represented as the surfaces in the coordinates of (Pressure, Amount of extracted oil, Temperature). 3D models revealed that the deviations in the graphs are not occasional. They form wavy surfaces where the folds of waves correspond to hydrocarbon fraction of certain compositions. The highest amounts of oil at all three temperature values in both tests were extracted at 18 MPa in average, where the graphs formed peaks, but the oil was very light, which means that the heavier hydrocarbon fractions were not extracted at such pressure value.
Convergence of Ni (Ii), Zn (Ii) and L-Glutamine Binary Complexes in Dimethylformamide-Aqueous Mixture

The convergence analysis of Ni (II) and Zn (II) and L- Glutamine complexes were studied using (0-50% v/v) dimethylformamide (DMF)-water mixtures potentiometrically at temperature 301.0 K, having an ionic strength of 0.15 mol L<sup>-1</sup>. The complex species models were analyzed by a well-defined computer Programme MINIQUAD75. Exhaustive modeling have been carried out on a number of complex species. The main complex species formed have been found of NiL<sub>2</sub>, NiL<sub>2</sub>H, NiL<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, ZnL<sub>2</sub>, ZnL<sub>2</sub>H andZnL<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>type. On the basis of the statistical parameters the best fit chemical modelling have been applied. The statistical data analysis validated the complex species. The occurrence of columbic interactions over non-columbic interactions have been identified by linear variation stability of the medium with the help of mole fraction, and the preference of non-columbic interactions over columbic interactions as per linear variation of stability are because of dielectric constants of the medium.
Do educational inequalities between marital partners influence the empowerment of educated women in ECOWAS?

ABSTRACT In an environment where the question of women’s empowerment is a burning issue and where inequalities against women in education persist even though they are increasingly educated, it made sense to study the effect of educational inequalities between marital partners on women’s empowerment. Thus, using the latest rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) women’s file from the four major West African economies including Nigeria (2013), Côte d’Ivoire (2011–12), Ghana (2014) and Senegal (2017), and then using a combination of internal and external instruments to better address issues related to the endogeneity of variables, we show that strong gender disparities in education negatively influence women’s financial and non-financial empowerment. The former is seen as the power of women to make decisions about spending their own and their spouse’s income and major household purchases. The second is the woman’s power to decide on health-related expenses and visits to relatives. Several other socio-demographic variables were likely to influence women’s empowerment. These include the woman’s household social status, age, labour market participation and religion.
Forex Carry, Value, & Momentum Factors Boosted by Sentiment

Currency factors, such as momentum, carry and value, are well-known candidates for alternative risk premia strategies. Benefiting from low correlations with traditional asset classes, FX factors can provide portfolio diversification advantages, while delivering idiosyncratic returns. In this paper, we construct the basic currency factors and apply performance enhancements using real-time sentiment analytics from RavenPack. We construct cross-sectional, dollar-neutral long-short portfolios as our benchmarks for carry, value, and momentum factors based on seven major currencies: AUD, CAD, CHF, EUR, GBP, JPY, NZD. By tilting the weights of a benchmark factor based on economic news sentiment, we are able to enhance the performance that is shown to be robust across all factors and periods. A composite portfolio that equally invests in three enhanced factors delivers an Annualised Return of 210 bps with an Information Ratio (IR) of 0.70, over 3x better risk-adjusted returns than the benchmark strategy. Moreover, hedging the sentiment enhanced portfolio by shorting the benchmark against it yields an Annualised Return of 156 bps with an IR of 1.05.
Over-Fitting in The TVP Model: A Comparison of Shrinkage Priors in Inflation Forecasting

The study is empirically motivated to analyze the performance of new class of Bayesian shrinkage priors that are powerful in reducing time-varying parameters to static ones to avoid over-fitting problem in time-varying parameter models. We utilized newly improved shrinkage priors in a non-centered parameterization form following Bitto and Frühwirth-Schnatter (2019) who introduced variance selection using normal-gamma prior which nests the Bayesian LASSO prior of Belmonte et al. (2014) and spike and slab prior as in Schnatter and Wagner (2010). Therefore, the priors are able to discriminate time-varying coefficients from the static ones and the coefficients that can be shrunk to zero. In the empirical exercise, we estimated the generalized Phillip curve for three inflation-targeting countries and produced evidence of significant time-variation in most of the predictors. We compare the performance of the priors in density forecast of inflation allowing for constant and stochastic volatility in the model estimation. Evidence from the estimates of the log predictive density score shows that the hierarchical Normal Gamma shrinkage prior produces the best results for Canada and South Africa whilst the Normal Bayesian LASSO produces the best results for New Zealand, and that adding stochastic volatility improves the performance of models in density forecast.
What Do People Want to Know? Information Avoidance and Food Policy Implications

What information would people like to have? What information would they prefer to avoid? How does the provision of information bear on welfare? And what does this mean for food policy? Representative surveys in eleven nations find that substantial percentages of people do not want to receive information even when it bears on health, sustainability, and consumer welfare. Nonetheless, substantial percentages of people also do want to receive that information, and people’s willingness to pay for information, contingent on their wanting it, is mostly higher than people’s willingness to pay not to receive information, contingent on their not wanting it. We develop a model and estimate the welfare effects of information provision. We find substantial benefits and costs, with the former outweighing the latter. The results suggest that in principle, policymakers should take both instrumental and hedonic effects into account when deciding whether to impose disclosure requirements for food, whether the domain involves health, safety, or moral considerations. If policymakers fail to consider either instrumental or hedonic effects, and if they fail to consider the magnitude of those effects, they will not capture the welfare consequences of disclosure requirements. Our evidence has concrete implications for how to think about, and capture, the welfare consequences of such requirements with respect to food. <br>
Hurst Dynamics of S&P500 Returns: Implications and Impact on Market Efficiency, Long Memory, Multifractality and Financial Crises Predictability

In this study, we apply a rolling window approach to wavelet-filtered (denoised) S&amp;P500 returns <br>(2000–2020) to obtain time varying Hurst exponents. We analyse the dynamics of the Hurst exponents by applying statistical tests (e.g., for stationarity, Gaussianity and self-similarity), a recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and a wavelet multi-resolution analysis (MRA). Moreover, we discuss the implications of Hurst dynamics in terms of market efficiency, long memory, multifractal properties and financial crises predictability. Besides, we display academic literature by applying a bibliometric- and referring citation network analysis, state research streams and critically elaborate on the impact and future prospects.
Does Social Security Crowd out Private Wealth? A Survey of the Literature

In this paper, we review the research on the substitution between social security wealth and private wealth. Our review includes over 100 theoretical and empirical contributions. Nearly 70% of the literature identifies the statistically significant impact of social security wealth on different forms of private savings. A strong majority of authors, who obtain statistically significant results find the negative impact of social security on private savings. We discuss the main limitations of the literature.
Do You Feel Lucky? Lottery Jackpot Winnings and Retail Trading around Neighborhoods

Using lottery jackpot winnings within neighborhoods as exogenous shocks, we examine whether feeling lucky affects retail stock purchases. We find that retail investors who trade through brokerage branches located close to stores that sell jackpot-winning tickets buy more stock shares than their counterparts. More importantly, these retail buys tend to lose money. We also find that these retail investors tend to purchase lottery-like stocks, linking the luck-driven trading motive to the traded targets under the common theme of gambling. We substantiate our results via several sets of falsification tests and robustness checks. Overall, feeling lucky induces retail investors to trade aggressively and leads to welfare losses.
Censored Density Forecasts: Production and Evaluation

This paper develops methods for the production and evaluation of censored density forecasts. Censored density forecasts quantify forecast risks in a middle region of the density covering a specified probability, and ignore the magnitude but not the frequency of outlying observations. We propose a new estimator that fits a potentially skewed and fat-tailed density to the inner observations, acknowledging that the outlying observations may be drawn from a different but unknown distribution. We also introduce a new test for calibration of censored density forecasts. An application using historical forecast errors from the Federal Reserve Board and the Monetary Policy Committee at the Bank of England illustrates the utility of censored density forecasts when quantifying forecast risks after shocks such as the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Bridging Microbial Functional Traits With Localized Process Rates at Soil Interfaces

In this review, we introduce microbially-mediated soil processes, players, their functional traits, and their links to processes at biogeochemical interfaces [e.g., rhizosphere, detritusphere, (bio)-pores, and aggregate surfaces]. A conceptual view emphasizes the central role of the rhizosphere in interactions with other biogeochemical interfaces, considering biotic and abiotic dynamic drivers. We discuss the applicability of three groups of traits based on microbial physiology, activity state, and genomic functional traits to reflect microbial growth in soil. The sensitivity and credibility of modern molecular approaches to estimate microbial-specific growth rates require further development. A link between functional traits determined by physiological (e.g., respiration, biomarkers) and genomic (e.g., genome size, number of ribosomal gene copies per genome, expression of catabolic versus biosynthetic genes) approaches is strongly affected by environmental conditions such as carbon, nutrient availability, and ecosystem type. Therefore, we address the role of soil physico-chemical conditions and trophic interactions as drivers of microbially-mediated soil processes at relevant scales for process localization. The strengths and weaknesses of current approaches (destructive, non-destructive, and predictive) for assessing process localization and the corresponding estimates of process rates are linked to the challenges for modeling microbially-mediated processes in heterogeneous soil microhabitats. Finally, we introduce a conceptual self-regulatory mechanism based on the flexible structure of active microbial communities. Microbial taxa best suited to each successional stage of substrate decomposition become dominant and alter the community structure. The rates of decomposition of organic compounds, therefore, are dependent on the functional traits of dominant taxa and microbial strategies, which are selected and driven by the local environment.
Coarse computability, the density metric, hausdorff distances between turing degrees, perfect trees, and reverse mathematics

The coarse similarity class $[A]$ of $A$ is the set of all $B$ whose symmetric difference with $A$ has asymptotic density 0. There is a natural metric $\delta$ on the space $\mathcal{S}$ of coarse similarity classes defined by letting $\delta([A],[B])$ be the upper density of the symmetric difference of $A$ and $B$. We study the resulting metric space, showing in particular that between any two distinct points there are continuum many geodesic paths. We also study subspaces of the form $\{[A] : A \in \mathcal U\}$ where $\mathcal U$ is closed under Turing equivalence, and show that there is a tight connection between topological properties of such a space and computability-theoretic properties of $\mathcal U$. We then define a distance between Turing degrees based on Hausdorff distance in this metric space. We adapt a proof of Monin to show that the distances between degrees that occur are exactly 0, 1/2, and 1, and study which of these values occur most frequently in the senses of measure and category. We define a degree to be attractive if the class of all degrees at distance 1/2 from it has measure 1, and dispersive otherwise. We study the distribution of attractive and dispersive degrees. We also study some properties of the metric space of Turing degrees under this Hausdorff distance, in particular the question of which countable metric spaces are isometrically embeddable in it, giving a graph-theoretic sufficient condition. We also study the computability-theoretic and reverse-mathematical aspects of a Ramsey-theoretic theorem due to Mycielski, which in particular implies that there is a perfect set whose elements are mutually 1-random, as well as a perfect set whose elements are mutually 1-generic. Finally, we study the completeness of $(\mathcal S,\delta)$ from the perspectives of computability theory and reverse mathematics.