Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Factors Drive Chalcid Body Size Increases with Altitudinal Gradients for Two Hyper-Diverse Taxa

Simple Summary The size of an organism is closely correlated with its physiological and ecological characteristics and strongly influences its fitness. Bergmann’s rule, originally widely applied in homeotherms, states that individuals living in a colder environment are larger than those living in a warmer region. Similar geographical patterns are also found in various groups of poikilotherms, but are still controversial, especially in Hymenoptera. In this investigation, we found a significant upward trend in body size with increasing elevation in two tiny groups of Chalcids (Pteromalidae and Eulophidae). The temperature and precipitation play a crucial role in their size variation. This result casts light on the environmental adaptation of parasitoids. Abstract Body size is the most essential feature that significantly correlates with insects’ longevity, fecundity, metabolic rate, and sex ratio. Numerous biogeographical rules have been proposed to illustrate the correlation between the body sizes of different taxa and corresponding geographical or environmental factors. Whether the minute and multifarious chalcids exhibit a similar geographical pattern is still little known. In this research, we analyzed morphological data from 2953 specimens worldwide, including the two most abundant and diverse taxa (Pteromalidae and Eulophidae), which are both composed of field-collected and BOLD system specimens. We examined forewing length as a surrogate of body size and analyzed the average size separately for males and females using two methods (species and assemblage-based method). To verify Bergmann’s rule, we included temperature, precipitation, wind speed and solar radiation as explanatory variables in a generalized linear model to analyze the causes of the size variation. We found that there was an increasing trend in the body size of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae with altitude. The optimal Akaike information criterion (AIC) models showed that larger sizes are significantly negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation, and the possible reasons for this variation are discussed and analyzed.
Equity versus efficiency: A spatial analysis of residential aged care resources in Beijing

Based on data collected from residential aged care facility websites and the Sixth China National Population Census, this paper studies the spatial pattern of Beijing's aged care resources in the framework of spatial location of public facilities. The results show that at the township/street level, the overall distribution of public aged care resources is relatively balanced, showing positive spatial autocorrelation, while private aged care resources show partially negative spatial autocorrelation. Spatial regression analysis indicates that the dispersed and clustered distribution of private aged care resources are more sensitive to the density of local elderly population, although the distribution of two types of resources is affected by the absolute number of service objects in respective administrative areas. In short, the spatial distribution pattern of public and private aged care resources reflects the contrast between efficiency and equity in providing aging care in China, a fact that is shaped by both administrative and market forces.
General Tensor Least-Mean-Squares Filter for Multi-Channel Multi-Relational Signals

Least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithms constitute a prevalent approach to implement the linear adaptive filters whose coefficients can be updated sample by sample so as to track time-varying dynamics. As the memory and computational complexities required for the realization of LMS filters are very low, they have been widely adopted in many real-time signal processing applications. The input of any conventional LMS filter has to be a sequence of scalar samples (one-dimensional time series), whereas such assumption is too restrictive nowadays for multi-channel (high-dimensional) signals and multi-relational data in the rise of a big-data era. It is crucial to deal with high-dimensional data-arrays, a.k. a. tensors, to manifest the variety and complex interrelations of data. Owing to lack of a sufficient mathematical framework to govern relevant tensor operations, the general tensor LMS filter, whose input is allowed to be an arbitrary tensor, has never been established for realization to the best of our knowledge. In this work, we will dedicate a new mathematical framework for tensors to establish the general tensor least-mean-squares (TLMS) filter theory and propose two novel TLMS algorithms with update rules based on stochastic gradient-descent and Newton's methods, respectively. Furthermore, as we establish the tensor calculus theory, the performance evaluation on convergence-rate and misadjustment for our proposed TLMS filters can be conducted. Finally, the memory and computational complexities of the new TLMS algorithms are also studied in this paper.
Effect of Physiotherapeutic Rehabilitation on a Patient With an Iliac Fracture, and Superior and Inferior Pubic Rami Fracture With Foot Drop: A Case Report

The sacroiliac joint is frequently broken apart by high-energy trauma, which increases fatalities and complications from pelvic injuries. Ilium fractures are high-energy pelvic fractures that often progress from the iliac crest to the greater sciatic notch. Concomitant head injury exsanguinations and uncontrollable bleeding within the pelvis are considered important causes of mortality. In contrast, some assume that such extensive bleeding is extremely uncommon and that accompanying injuries could result in increased mortality. A shorter healing period and faster patient mobilization are possible with surgically treated Tile's type B and C fractures. Accident-related fractures can lead to decreased independence and functioning, restricted mobility, lowered self-confidence, and a worse quality of life; these fractures are caused by trauma, most frequently from minor falls and age-related osteopenia. By reducing discomfort, restoring range of motion and muscular strength, and assisting with early ambulation/loading of the fractured limb, early physical therapy intervention speeds up the clinical recovery of patients with fractures. When one cannot elevate the forefoot, it results in foot drop because of a lack of dorsiflexor strength in the foot. These may induce a risky antalgic gait, leading to falls-the diminished ability to lift the foot of the ankle or the toes (dorsiflexion). Injuries, including fractures, joint dislocations, or hip replacement surgery, can also result in a drop foot. The peroneal nerve, which innervates the tibialis anterior, is the muscle responsible for dorsiflexion, as it arises from the sciatic nerve's branch. Due to the foot drop, the anterior tibialis muscle will shorten and cause spasms in the calf muscle. After surgery, the patient was dependent and had difficulty going about his everyday life. However, the physiotherapy intervention improved the patient's pain and physical functionality. By lowering discomfort, restoring range of motion and muscular strength, and facilitating early ambulation/loading of the fractured limb, this study shows that combining definitive surgical methods with early physical therapy intervention speeds up the clinical recovery of patients with fractures.
Genesis of Typhoon Chanchu (2006) from a Westerly Wind Burst Associated with the MJO. Part II: Roles of Deep Convection in Tropical Transition

AbstractIn this study, the life cycles of a series of four major mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) during genesis and their roles in transforming a vertically tilted vortex associated with a westerly wind burst (hereafter the WWB vortex) into Typhoon Chanchu (2006) are examined using 11-day cloud-resolving simulations presented in Part I. It is found that the tilted WWB vortex at early stages is characterized by an elevated cold-core layer (about 200 hPa thick) below and a weak warm column above with large vertical wind shear across the layer, which extends over a horizontal distance of about 450 km between the vortex’s 400- and 900-hPa centers. During the final two days of the genesis process, the upper-level warm column increases in depth and intensity as a result of the absorption of convectively generated vortices (CGVs), including a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV), causing more rapid amplification of cyclonic vorticity in the middle than the lower troposphere. The commencement of sustained intens.
Inhibition of PI3K Class IA Kinases Using GDC-0941 Overcomes Cytoprotection of Multiple Myeloma Cells in the Osteoclastic Bone Marrow Microenvironment Enhancing the Efficacy of Current Clinical Therapeutics

Simple Summary The activation of osteoclasts occurs in up to 80% of myeloma patients. Osteoclasts promote myeloma resistance to therapeutic treatments and the formation of bone lytic lesions, resulting in bone pain and fractures in patients. However, the role of osteoclasts in drug resistance is generally overseen when performing preclinical screenings to identify new therapeutics for multiple myeloma. We propose in our study a new methodology, scalable to high throughput for the analysis of drug efficacy to better predict efficacy in myeloma patients that develop bone disease. We have identified GDC-0941 as a drug candidate that, used in combination treatments, could enhance the efficacy of currently used therapeutic drugs for myeloma by overcoming resistance mediated by osteoclasts, as well as bone marrow mesenchymal/fibroblastic stromal cells. Our work supports exploring GDC-0941 in combination with current clinical drugs for myeloma patients with active bone disease. Abstract Osteoclasts contribute to bone marrow (BM)-mediated drug resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) by providing cytoprotective cues. Additionally, 80% of patients develop osteolytic lesions, which is a major cause of morbidity in MM. Although targeting osteoclast function is critical to improve MM therapies, pre-clinical studies rarely consider overcoming osteoclast-mediated cytoprotection within the selection criteria of drug candidates. We have performed a drug screening and identified PI3K as a key regulator of a signalling node associated with resistance to dexamethasone lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and bortezomib mediated by osteoclasts and BM fibroblastic stromal cells, which was blocked by the pan-PI3K Class IA inhibitor GDC-0941. Additionally, GDC-0941 repressed the maturation of osteoclasts derived from MM patients and disrupted the organisation of the F-actin cytoskeleton in sealing zones required for bone degradation, correlating with decreased bone resorption by osteoclasts. In vivo, GDC-0941 improved the efficacy of dexamethasone against MM in the syngeneic GFP-5T33/C57-Rawji mouse model. Taken together, our results indicate that GDC-0941 in combination with currently used therapeutic agents could effectively kill MM cells in the presence of the cytoprotective BM microenvironment while inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts. These data support investigating GDC-0941 in combination with currently used therapeutic drugs for MM patients with active bone disease.
Diffuse seismic waves and site effects

The Green's function can be retrieved from averaging cross correlations of recorded motions within a diffuse field. When autocorrelation is performed the energy density at a point is proportional to the trace of the imaginary part of the Green's function tensor at the source itself. This is because the singularity of the Green's function is restricted to the real part. Thus, the Green's function availability may allow us to establish the theoretical energy density of a seismic diffuse field generated by a background equipartitioned excitation. We compute the imaginary part of the Green's functions for some cases and consider that it represents the spectral signature of the site. It is the pseudo-reflection response. The relative importance of the peaks of this energy spectrum, ruling out nonlinear effects, may have some bearing on the seismic site response for future earthquakes.
Star counts from the HST Snapshot Survey. 2: Wide binaries

We report on a study of the first sample of wide binaries whose members are primarily in the old component of the Galactic disk. The binaries were discovered in 446 fields imaged with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Planetary Camera to an average magnitude limit of V = 2.13, as part of the Snapshot Survey for gravitational lenses. Most of the fields are at moderate to high Galactic latitude. Their total area is 0.15 deg squared. Because of the relatively faint magnitude limit, the observations are sensitive primarily to binaries in the old disk with heights above the Galactic plane of 500-1500 pc, absolute magnitudes of M(sub v) = 6-11, and physical separations of 130-4000 AU. By contrast, most previous surveys have been sensitive to binaries composed of earlier-type stars lying closer to the plane, that is, to a younger population. We find that 4% of the disk stars in the Snapshot sample have fainter companions within 1.5 mag, and separations in the range 0.13 sec is less than theta which is less than 4.0 sec. The distribution of angular separations can be fitted to a power law F(theta) is proportional to theta(exp -l), where l = 1.2 +/- 0.4, in agreement with most previous studies. The binaries in the Snapshot sample have bluer colors than would be expected for random pairs of field stars.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa RpoH (σ32) Regulon and Its Role in Essential Cellular Functions, Starvation Survival, and Antibiotic Tolerance

The bacterial heat-shock response is regulated by the alternative sigma factor, σ32 (RpoH), which responds to misfolded protein stress and directs the RNA polymerase to the promoters for genes required for protein refolding or degradation. In P. aeruginosa, RpoH is essential for viability under laboratory growth conditions. Here, we used a transcriptomics approach to identify the genes of the RpoH regulon, including RpoH-regulated genes that are essential for P. aeruginosa. We placed the rpoH gene under control of the arabinose-inducible PBAD promoter, then deleted the chromosomal rpoH allele. This allowed transcriptomic analysis of the RpoH (σ32) regulon following a short up-shift in the cellular concentration of RpoH by arabinose addition, in the absence of a sudden change in temperature. The P. aeruginosa ∆rpoH (PBAD-rpoH) strain grew in the absence of arabinose, indicating that some rpoH expression occurred without arabinose induction. When arabinose was added, the rpoH mRNA abundance of P. aeruginosa ∆rpoH (PBAD-rpoH) measured by RT-qPCR increased five-fold within 15 min of arabinose addition. Transcriptome results showed that P. aeruginosa genes required for protein repair or degradation are induced by increased RpoH levels, and that many genes essential for P. aeruginosa growth are induced by RpoH. Other stress response genes induced by RpoH are involved in damaged nucleic acid repair and in amino acid metabolism. Annotation of the hypothetical proteins under RpoH control included proteins that may play a role in antibiotic resistances and in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis. Phenotypic analysis of P. aeruginosa ∆rpoH (PBAD-rpoH) showed that it is impaired in its ability to survive during starvation compared to the wild-type strain. P. aeruginosa ∆rpoH (PBAD-rpoH) also had increased sensitivity to aminoglycoside antibiotics, but not to other classes of antibiotics, whether cultured planktonically or in biofilms. The enhanced aminoglycoside sensitivity of the mutant strain may be due to indirect effects, such as the build-up of toxic misfolded proteins, or to the direct effect of genes, such as aminoglycoside acetyl transferases, that are regulated by RpoH. Overall, the results demonstrate that RpoH regulates genes that are essential for viability of P. aeruginosa, that it protects P. aeruginosa from damage from aminoglycoside antibiotics, and that it is required for survival during nutrient-limiting conditions.
Lower bounds on the Erdős–Gyárfás problem via color energy graphs

Given positive integers p $p$ and q $q$ , a ( p , q ) $(p,q)$ ‐coloring of the complete graph K n ${K}_{n}$ is an edge‐coloring in which every p $p$ ‐clique receives at least q $q$ colors. Erdős and Shelah posed the question of determining f ( n , p , q ) $f(n,p,q)$ , the minimum number of colors needed for a ( p , q ) $(p,q)$ ‐coloring of K n ${K}_{n}$ . In this paper, we expand on the color energy technique introduced by Pohoata and Sheffer to prove new lower bounds on this function, making explicit the connection between bounds on extremal numbers and f ( n , p , q ) $f(n,p,q)$ . Using results on the extremal numbers of subdivided complete graphs, theta graphs, and subdivided complete bipartite graphs, we generalize results of Fish, Pohoata, and Sheffer, giving the first nontrivial lower bounds on f ( n , p , q ) $f(n,p,q)$ for some pairs ( p , q ) $(p,q)$ and improving previous lower bounds for other pairs.
Room Temperature Nanoimprint Technology Using Hydrogen Silsequioxane (HSQ)

Room-temperature nanoimprint lithography (RT-NIL) technology has been developed to overcome critical dimensions and pattern placement error due to thermal expansion in the conventional nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process. We propose RT-NIL using hydrogen silsequioxane (HSQ) instead of PMMA used in conventional NIL, and demonstrate HSQ replicated patterns with 90 nm hole diameter and 50 nm linewidth realized by room-temperature replications. We performed step-and-repeat replications using HSQ on a 1.5 in. wafer and evaluated the uniformity of the imprinted HSQ patterns.
Optimal Subsampling Bootstrap for Massive Data

Abstract The bootstrap is a widely used procedure for statistical inference because of its simplicity and attractive statistical properties. However, the vanilla version of bootstrap is no longer feasible computationally for many modern massive datasets due to the need to repeatedly resample the entire data. Therefore, several improvements to the bootstrap method have been made in recent years, which assess the quality of estimators by subsampling the full dataset before resampling the subsamples. Naturally, the performance of these modern subsampling methods is influenced by tuning parameters such as the size of subsamples, the number of subsamples, and the number of resamples per subsample. In this article, we develop a novel hyperparameter selection methodology for selecting these tuning parameters. Formulated as an optimization problem to find the optimal value of some measure of accuracy of an estimator subject to computational cost, our framework provides closed-form solutions for the optimal hyperparameter values for subsampled bootstrap, subsampled double bootstrap and bag of little bootstraps, at no or little extra time cost. Using the mean square errors as a proxy of the accuracy measure, we apply our methodology to study, compare and improve the performance of these modern versions of bootstrap developed for massive data through numerical study. The results are promising.
Flexible Bio-Electronic Hybrid Metal–Oxide Channel FET as a Glucose Sensor

A high-sensitivity flexible field-effect transistor (FET) based glucose sensor is fabricated that can surpass the conventional electrochemical glucometers in terms of sensitivity, limit of detection, and other performance parameters. The proposed biosensor is based on the FET operation with the advantage of amplification which provides a high sensitivity and a very low limit of detection. Hybrid metal oxide (ZnO and CuO) nanostructures have been synthesized in the form of hollow spheres (ZnO/CuO-NHS). The FET was fabricated by depositing ZnO/CuO-NHS on the interdigitated electrodes. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized successfully on the ZnO/CuO-NHS. Three different outputs of the sensor are examined, the FET current, the relative current change, and the drain voltage. The sensitivity of the sensor for each output type has been calculated. The readout circuit can convert the current change to the voltage change that has been used for wireless transmission. The sensor has a very low limit of detection of 30 nM with satisfactory reproducibility, good stability, and high selectivity. The electrical response of the FET biosensor towards the real human blood serum samples demonstrated that it can be offered as a potential device for glucose detection in any medical application.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL APERTURE PHOTOMETRY: SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO OF POINT-SOURCE OBSERVATIONS AND OPTIMAL DATA-EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES

New methodology and associated software techniques for use when performing two-dimensional aperture photometry with data from areal detectors are presented. It is shown that applying simple Poisson statistics to point sources only works in certain limited regimes and that for many situations the 'CCD equation' must be employed to get accurate results. Sky or background subtraction is again found to be of critical importance and, of five background estimation methods tried, each had some difficulties in producing a 'correct' background value. CCD growth curves are introduced as a means of correcting the flux from faint or crowded sources, when measured with very small (optimum) apertures. These optimum apertures are of interest as they are shown to give large increases in S/N for point-source observations. The usage of these small apertures along with CCD growth curves is discussed and presented with emphasis on their use for time-resolved CCD photometry.
ROSAT Observations of the X-Ray Nebula around ARP 220

We report on the X-ray properties of Arp 22(#the most luminous object in the local universe and the nearest, brightest, and best-studied example of the class of "ultraluminous" infrared galaxies. New X-ray images and spectra obtained with ROSAT show that the X-ray emission in the 0.1-2.4 keV band is spatially extended with a size of ˜30 × 11 kpc, has a luminosity of between 4.3 × 1040 and 2.3 × 1041 ergs s-1 (depending on the amount of X-ray absorption), and can be fitted by a thermal spectrum with T ˜ 107 K. The total thermal energy associated with the hot gas is ˜2 x 1057 ergs. At most ˜20% of the observed X-ray emission can be associated with any single point source (e.g., a "buried" QSO). The X-ray nebula bears a strong morphological relationship to the expanding "double-bubble" system seen in optical emission-line images. We suggest that the X-ray and optical emission arise as the result of a bipolar "superwind" driven out from the nucleus by a starburst or a dust-shrouded QSO. A simple model of an expanding structure driven over a timescale of a few times 107 yr by a mechanical luminosity of ˜1043 ergs s-1 into a galactic halo with mean density ˜10-2 cm-3 satisfactorily accounts for all the observed global X-ray and optical properties of the nebula. Such a mechanical luminosity agrees with estimates for an ultraluminous starburst; however, a QSO-driven wind cannot be ruled out. We note that this energetic outflow in Arp 220 represents a local laboratory to study how newly formed galaxies and/or QSOs may have pumped energy and metals into the intergalactic medium at early epochs. Alternative models for the nebula are less attractive. Gas shock-heated as a result of a galactic merger will probably be too cool (T less than a few times 106 K) and would not be expected to have the regular, symmetric morphology we observe in Hα. Electron scattering of X-rays from a hidden QSO by warm (T < 106 K) halo gas underpredicts the total observed X-ray luminosity by more than an order of magnitude. However, it is possible that this mechanism may produce a bright central pair of pointlike X-ray sources that straddle the nucleus, which together account for ˜40% of the total X-ray emission. Our X-ray images also show a diffuse source located about 2' south-southwest of Arp 220. Optical images show that the source is probably associated with a group or poor cluster of galaxies at an estimated redshift of ˜0.1. This source contributes about half the emission seen in earlier Einstein X-ray observations of Arp 220.