Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evolution of early-type galaxies selected by their spatial clustering

Aims. We present a new method that uses luminosity or stellar mass functions combined with clustering measurements to select samples of galaxies at different redshifts likely to follow a progenitor-to-descendant relationship. Because the method uses clustering information, we refer to galaxy samples selected this way as clustering-selected samples. We apply this method to infer the number of mergers during the evolution of MUSYC early-type galaxies (ETGs) from z � 1 to the present-day. Methods. The method consists in using clustering information to infer the typical dark-matter halo mass of the hosts of the selected progenitor galaxies. Using ΛCDM predictions, it is then possible to follow these haloes to a later time where the sample of descendants will be that with the clustering of these descendant haloes. Results. This technique shows that ETGs at a given redshift evolve into brighter galaxies at lower redshifts (considering rest-frame, passively evolved optical luminosities). This indicates that the stellar mass of these galaxies increases with time and that, in principle, a stellar mass selection at different redshifts does not provide samples of galaxies in a progenitor-descendant relationship. Conclusions. The comparison between high-redshift ETGs and their likely descendants at z = 0 points to a higher number density for the progenitors by a factor 5.5 ± 4.0, implying the need for mergers to decrease their number density by today. Because the luminosity densities of progenitors and descendants are consistent, our results show no need for significant star-formation in ETGs since z = 1, which indicates that the needed mergers are dry, i.e. gas free.
Observational constraints in scalar tensor theory with tachyonic potential

We study the dynamics of the scalar tensor cosmological model in the presence of tachyon field. In an alternative approach, in two exponential and power law form of the scalar field functions in the model, field equations are solved by simultaneously best fitting the model parameters with the most recent observational data. This approach gives us an observationally verified interpretation of the dynamics of the universe. We then discuss the best fitted of equation of state parameter, the statefinder parameters and the reconstructed scalar field in the model.
THE TEMPERATURE OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

The Far InfraRed Absolute Spectrophotometer data are independently recalibrated using the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe data to obtain a cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature of 2.7260 ± 0.0013. Measurements of the temperature of the CMB are reviewed. The determination from the measurements from the literature is CMB temperature of 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K.
Thermally induced magnonic spin current, thermomagnonic torques, and domain-wall dynamics in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

Thermally activated domain-wall (DW) motion in magnetic insulators has been considered theoretically, with a particular focus on the role of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) and thermomagnonic torques. The thermally assisted DW motion is a consequence of the magnonic spin current due to the applied thermal bias. In addition to the exchange magnonic spin current and the exchange adiabatic and the entropic spin transfer torques, we also consider the DMI-induced magnonic spin current, thermomagnonic DMI fieldlike torque, and the DMI entropic torque. Analytical estimations are supported by numerical calculations. We found that the DMI has a substantial influence on the size and the geometry of DWs, and that the DWs become oriented parallel to the long axis of the nanostrip. Increasing the temperature smoothes the DWs. Moreover, the thermally induced magnonic current generates a torque on the DWs, which is responsible for their motion. From our analysis it follows that for a large enough DMI the influence of DMI-induced fieldlike torque is much stronger than that of the DMI and the exchange entropic torques. By manipulating the strength of the DMI constant, one can control the speed of the DW motion, and the direction of the DW motion can be switched, as well. We also found that DMI not only contributes to the total magnonic current, but also it modifies the exchange magnonic spin current, and this modification depends on the orientation of the steady-state magnetization. The observed phenomenon can be utilized in spin caloritronics devices, for example in the DMI based thermal diodes. By switching the magnetization direction, one can rectify the total magnonic spin current.
ALMA VIEW OF G0.253+0.016: CAN CLOUD–CLOUD COLLISION FORM THE CLOUD?

We present the results of the sulfur monoxide, SO, line emission observations of G0.253+0.016 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array at an angular resolution of 1. ″7. The dense and massive molecular cloud of G0.253+0.016 is highly sub-structured, yet it shows no obvious signs of cluster formation. We found three outstanding features of the cloud from the SO emission, namely, shell structure with a radius of 1.3 pc, large velocity gradients of 20 km s−1 pc−1 with the cloud, and cores with large velocity dispersions (30–40 km s−1) around the shell structure. We suggest that these large-velocity dispersion cores will form high-mass stars in the future. In an attempt to explore the formation scenario of the dense cloud, we compared our results with numerical simulations; therefore, we propose that G0.253+0.016 may have formed due to a cloud–cloud collision process.
Applications of Adversary Method in Quantum Query Algorithms

In the thesis, we use a recently developed tight characterisation of quantum query complexity, the adversary bound, to develop new quantum algorithms and lower bounds. Our results are as follows: * We develop a new technique for the construction of quantum algorithms: learning graphs. * We use learning graphs to improve quantum query complexity of the triangle detection and the $k$-distinctness problems. * We prove tight lower bounds for the $k$-sum and the triangle sum problems. * We construct quantum algorithms for some subgraph-finding problems that are optimal in terms of query, time and space complexities. * We develop a generalisation of quantum walks that connects electrical properties of a graph and its quantum hitting time. We use it to construct a time-efficient quantum algorithm for 3-distinctness.
PINGS: the PPAK IFS Nearby Galaxies Survey

We present the PPAK Integral Field Spectroscopy (IFS) Nearby Galaxies Survey (PINGS), a two-dimensional spectroscopic mosaicking of 17 nearby disc galaxies in the optical wavelength range. This project represents the first attempt to obtain continuous coverage spectra of the whole surface of a galaxy in the nearby Universe. The final data set comprises more than 50 000 individual spectra, covering in total an observed area of nearly 80 arcmin 2 . The observations will be supplemented with broad-band and narrow-band imaging for those objects without publicly available images in order to maximize the scientific and archival values of the data set. In this paper we describe the main astrophysical issues to be addressed by the PINGS project, present the galaxy sample and explain the observing strategy, the data reduction process and all uncertainties involved. Additionally, we give some scientific highlights extracted from the first analysis of the PINGS sample. A companion paper will report on the first results obtained for NGC 628: the largest IFS survey on a single galaxy.
Prognostic role of hs-CRP before and after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris

Background and Objectives: Myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) occurs frequently and it is associated with an adverse clinical outcome. Mechanical factors have been implicated in this complication and the role of inflammation has not yet been clearly determined. We evaluated the effect of an inflammatory response during PCI on periprocedural myocardial injury. Subjects and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh over a period between July’2012 to June’2013. A total of 200 patients studied who underwent elective coronary stenting. For the exclusion of mechanical injury to the myocardium, we excluded those patients who developed complications during PCI. The inflammatory response to PCI was calculated as the difference between the peak postprocedural hs-CRP level and the preprocedural hs-CRP level . We divided the patients according to the median value of hs- CRP: Group I <3 mg/L and Group II >3 mg/L. Results: Postprocedural TnI elevation was were observed in 72 (36%) patients. The baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were not difference between the two groups. The incidence of any TnI elevations was higher in the Group II than that in Group I (19.8% vs 42.6%, respectively, p<0.001). The incidences of TnI levels over 3 times the upper normal limit and 5 times the upper normal limit were also higher in Group II than in Group I (11.2% vs 21.7%, respectively, p=0.031, for a TnI level 3 times the upper normal limit, and 6.0% vs 13.9%, respectively, for a TnI level 5 times the upper normal limit. Multivariate analysis revealed that postprocedural hs- CRP elevation in high risk group were the significant independent predictors of postprocedural TnI elevation. Conclusion: Elevated hs-CRP levels were associated with a higher risk of postprocedural troponin elevation in patients undergoing uncomplicated PCI. These results emphasized the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of periprocedural myocardial injury. Measuring of hs-CRP either preprocedural or postprocedural in high risk patients is useful for predicting early cardiovascular events. University Heart Journal 2022; 18(2): 87-92
Variation of galactic cold gas reservoirs with stellar mass

The stellar and neutral hydrogen (H I) mass functions at z ˜ 0 are fundamental benchmarks for current models of galaxy evolution. A natural extension of these benchmarks is the two-dimensional distribution of galaxies in the plane spanned by stellar and H I mass, which provides a more stringent test of simulations, as it requires the H I to be located in galaxies of the correct stellar mass. Combining H I data from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey, with optical data from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we find a distinct envelope in the H I-to-stellar mass distribution, corresponding to an upper limit in the H I fraction that varies monotonically over five orders of magnitude in stellar mass. This upper envelope in H I fraction does not favour the existence of a significant population of dark galaxies with large amounts of gas but no corresponding stellar population. The envelope shows a break at a stellar mass of ˜109 M⊙, which is not reproduced by modern models of galaxy populations tracing both stellar and gas masses. The discrepancy between observations and models suggests a mass dependence in gas storage and consumption missing in current galaxy evolution prescriptions. The break coincides with the transition from galaxies with predominantly irregular morphology at low masses to regular discs at high masses, as well as the transition from cold to hot accretion of gas in simulations.
Validation of the DNA Methylation Landscape of TFF1/TFF2 in Gastric Cancer

Simple Summary The members of the TFF family have been illustrated to be tumor suppressor genes in various malignancies. In this study, we first identified that TFF1/TFF2 expressions were mediated by DNA methylation in gastric cancer. Moreover, the specific CpG island sites of TFF1/TFF2, which corresponded to the downregulation of these two genes, were also discovered through integrative analysis. In addition, using the gain of function assay, it was found out that TFF1 and TFF2 could suppress the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. Totally, TFF1 and TFF2 could be the potential DNA methylation biomarkers for gastric cancer. Abstract As one of the most frequently occurring tumor types, the increasing incidence of gastric cancer (GC) has been observed in the past decades. The recent studies have illustrated that epigenetic modifications mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are the major epigenetic hallmark in GC progression. Nowadays, DNA methylation was considered to be necessary for inducing the silence of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). As an important group of peptides, the TFF family has been confirmed to function as a TSG in various kinds of cancers. However, whether TFFs could be modified by DNA methylation in gastric cancer remains unknown. Here, we initially screened out two transcriptional sequencing profiles about GC from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The lower expression levels of TFF1 and TFF2 were observed in GC tumor tissues as compared to those in normal tissues. Additionally, utilizing the Kaplan–Meier analysis, the expressions of TFF1 and TFF2 were identified to be associated with the prognosis of GC patients. Subsequently, the integrative analysis was performed to estimate the DNA methylation level of each site in TFF1/TFF2 CpG islands. Importantly, our findings indicated that hyper-methylation of cg01886855 and cg26403416 were separately responsible for the downregulation of TFF1 and TFF2 in GC samples. In addition, utilizing the experiments in vitro, we demonstrated that TFF1/TFF2 could suppress the proliferation of GC cells. Based on these results, we suspected that TFF1/TFF2 could potentially act as the putative tumor suppressor in GC, and these two TFFs were of great value for predicting the overall survival (OS) status in the gastric cancer cohort. Totally, our findings revealed a potential therapeutic method for targeting the TFFs for the treatment of GC.
Universality of high-energy absorption cross sections for black holes

We consider the absorption problem for a massless scalar field propagating in static and spherically symmetric black holes of arbitrary dimension endowed with a photon sphere. For this wide class of black holes, we show that the fluctuations of the high energy absorption cross section are totally and very simply described from the properties (dispersion relation and damping) of the waves trapped near the photon sphere and therefore, in the eikonal regime, from the characteristics (orbital period and Lyapunov exponent) of the null unstable geodesics lying on the photon sphere. This is achieved by using Regge pole techniques. They permit us to make an elegant and powerful resummation of the absorption cross section and to extract then all the physical information encoded in the sum over the partial wave contributions. Our analysis induces moreover some consequences concerning Hawking radiation which we briefly report.
The 21 cm signature of a cosmic string loop

Cosmic string loops lead to nonlinear baryon overdensities at early times, even before the time which in the standard LCDM model corresponds to the time of reionization. These overdense structures lead to signals in 21 cm redshift surveys at large redshifts. In this paper, we calculate the amplitude and shape of the string loop-induced 21 cm brightness temperature. We find that a string loop leads to a roughly elliptical region in redshift space with extra 21 cm emission. The excess brightness temperature for strings with a tension close to the current upper bound can be as high as 1°K for string loops generated at early cosmological times (times comparable to the time of equal matter and radiation) and observed at a redshift of z+1 = 30. The angular extent of these predicted "bright spots" is x'. These signals should be detectable in upcoming high redshift 21 cm surveys. We also discuss the application of our results to global monopoles and primordial black holes.
Exact non-Markovian cavity dynamics strongly coupled to a reservoir

The exact non-Markovian dynamics of a microcavity strongly coupled to a general reservoir at arbitrary temperature are studied. With the exact master equation for the reduced density operator of the cavity system, we analytically solve the time evolution of the cavity state and the associated physical observables. We show that the non-Markovian dynamics are completely determined by the propagating (retarded) and correlation Green functions. Comparing the non-Markovian behavior at finite temperature with those at the zero-temperature limit or Born-Markov limit, we find that the non-Markovian memory effect can dramatically change the coherent and thermal dynamics of the cavity. We also numerically study the dissipation dynamics of the cavity through the mean mode amplitude decay and the average photon number decay in the microwave regime. It is shown that the strong coupling between the cavity and the reservoir results in a long-time dissipationless evolution to the cavity field amplitude, and its noise dynamics undergo a critical transition from the weak to the strong coupling due to the non-Markovian memory effect.
Segmentation of fault networks determined from spatial clustering of earthquakes

[1] We present a new method of data clustering applied to earthquake catalogs, with the goal of reconstructing the seismically active part of fault networks. We first use an original method to separate clustered events from uncorrelated seismicity using the distribution of volumes of tetrahedra defined by closest neighbor events in the original and randomized seismic catalogs. The spatial disorder of the complex geometry of fault networks is then taken into account by defining faults as probabilistic anisotropic kernels. The structure of those kernels is motivated by properties of discontinuous tectonic deformation and by previous empirical observations of the geometry of faults and of earthquake clusters at many spatial and temporal scales. Combining this a priori knowledge with information theoretical arguments, we propose the Gaussian mixture approach implemented in an expectation maximization (EM) procedure. A cross-validation scheme is then used that allows the determination of the number of kernels which provides an optimal data clustering of the catalog. This three-step approach is applied to a high-quality catalog of relocated seismicity following the 1986 Mount Lewis (Ml = 5.7) event in California. It reveals that events cluster along planar patches of about 2 km2, i.e., comparable to the size of the main event. The finite thickness of those clusters (about 290 m) suggests that events do not occur on well-defined and smooth Euclidean fault core surfaces but rather that there exist a deforming area and a damage zone surrounding faults which may be seismically active at depth. Finally, we propose a connection between our methodology and multiscale spatial analysis, based on the derivation of a spatial fractal dimension of about 1.8 for the set of hypocenters in the Mount Lewis area, consistent with recent observations on relocated catalogs.
Symmetry and Topology in Superconductors –Odd-Frequency Pairing and Edge States–

Superconductivity is a phenomenon where the macroscopic quantum coherence appears due to the pairing of electrons. This offers a fascinating arena to study the physics of symmetry breaking, i.e., broken gauge symmetry. However, the important symmetries in superconductors are not only the gauge invariance. Especially, the symmetry properties of the pairing, i.e., the parity and spin-singlet/spin-triplet, determine the physical properties of the superconducting state. Recently it has been recognized that there is the important third symmetry of the pair amplitude, i.e., even or odd parity with respect to the frequency. The conventional uniform superconducting states correspond to the even-frequency pairing, but the recent finding is that the odd-frequency pair amplitude arises in the spatially non-uniform situation quite ubiquitously. Especially, this is the case in the Andreev bound state (ABS) appearing at the surface/interface of the sample. The other important recent development is on the nontrivial top.
Constraining cosmology with shear peak statistics: tomographic analysis

The abundance of peaks in weak gravitational lensing maps is a potentially powerful cosmological tool, complementary to measurements of the shear power spectrum. We study peaks detected directly in shear maps, rather than convergence maps, an approach that has the advantage of working directly with the observable quantity, the galaxy ellipticity catalog. Using large numbers of numerical simulations to accurately predict the abundance of peaks and their covariance, we quantify the cosmological constraints attainable by a large-area survey similar to that expected from the Euclid mission, focussing on the density parameter, {\Omega}m, and on the power spectrum normalization, {\sigma}8, for illustration. We present a tomographic peak counting method that improves the conditional (marginal) constraints by a factor 1.2 (2) over those from a two-dimensional (i.e., non-tomographic) peak-count analysis. We find that peak statistics provide constraints an order of magnitude less accurate than those from the cluster sample in the ideal situation of a perfectly known observable-mass relation; however, when the scaling relation is not known a priori, the shear-peak constraints are twice as strong and orthogonal to the cluster constraints, highlighting the value of using both clusters and shear-peak statistics.
A 77-GHz Power Amplifier With Digital Power Control for Multi-Mode Automotive Radar in 28-nm Bulk CMOS

This brief presents a 77-GHz 0.9-V wideband power amplifier (PA) with a digital power control scheme and two-way power combining. The power control is accomplished by digitally adjusting the width of the RF MOS to optimize the power added efficiency (PAE) of the PA. The proposed PA is implemented in a 28-nm CMOS process with a core chip area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.66 {\times }0$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. 27 mm2. Measurement results show that the PA achieves a saturated output power (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{P}_{SAT}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 12.15 dBm with a tuning range of 6.4-12 dBm at an input power of −5 dBm. The maximum PAE is 12% and the small signal gain is 23.6 dB at 81 GHz. The PA maintains a flat gain difference of ±2.12 to ±2.51 dB across a temperature range of −45-125°C when operating in the range of 76–81 GHz and has a 3-dB bandwidth of 16.1 GHz (72.9-89 GHz).
Bright fireballs associated with the potentially hazardous asteroid 2007LQ19

We analyze here two very bright fireballs produced by the ablation in the atmosphere of two large meteoroids in 2009 and 2010. These slow-moving and deep-penetrating events were observed over Spain in the framework of our Spanish Fireball Network continuous meteor monitoring campaign. The analysis of the emission spectrum imaged for one of these fireballs has provided the first clues about the chemical nature of the progenitor meteoroids. The orbital parameters of these particles suggests a likely association with the recently identified July rho-Herculid meteoroid stream. In addition, considerations about the likely parent body of this stream are also made on the basis of orbital dissimilarity criteria. This orbital analysis reveals that both meteoroids and PHA 2007LQ19 exhibit a similar evolution during a time period of almost 8,000 years, which suggests that either this NEO is the potential parent of these particles or that this NEO and both meteoroids had a common progenitor in the past.