Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of autoclave assisted sulfuric-acid-catalyzed pretreatments for the liberation of reducing sugars from Parthenium hysterophorus: a response surface approach

ABSTRACT Parthenium hysterophorus is a potential source of a wide range of value-added products. Sulfuric acid-catalyzed pretreatment of P. hysterophorus biomass was used to see how it affected the P. hysterophorus characteristics and the sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimised pretreatment (utilized 2% (w/v) of a substrate, 1.50% (v/v) sulfuric acid, and 45 (min) autoclaving times at 121°C) reduced lignin content by 50.98% (w/w), and increased the available cellulose content (20.72% w/w) over native biomass, which was confirmed by compositional studies of treated biomass. The saccharification rate was increased by 2.08-fold following statistical optimisation using response surface methods (167.17 ± 0.84 mg/g substrate after 12 h saccharification was significantly higher than control 80.16 ± 0.36 mg/g substrate). This justifies that P. hysterophorus is a promising non-conventional lignocellulosic candidate for the production of fermentable sugars. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
A Low-Latency and High-Endurance MLC STT-MRAM-Based Cache System

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is a promising cache memory candidate due to its high density, low leakage power, and nonvolatility. Multilevel cell (MLC) STT-MRAM can further increase density by storing 2 bits in one cell’s hard and soft domain, respectively. However, MLC STT-MRAM suffers two-step write, leading to high write energy, long latency, and severe lifetime degradation. Current encoding techniques propose to encode the new data to reduce the two-step data writes. However, they have two weaknesses: 1) high area overhead, e.g., recent work TSE (Hsieh et al., 2020) needs extra 37.5% MLCs and 2) prolong the write latency due to an extra read. Therefore, we propose enhanced one-step write (EOSwrite) to write data in one step. EOSwrite includes line bypassing and four intraline encoding techniques. Line bypassing schemes can bypass the writes to zero or clean lines, leading to low write/read latency. As for the intraline techniques, we propose four write modes. They utilize the data patterns and the clean data in cache lines to write data in one step, therefore reducing the data write latency. The key idea of one-step write is to write as much data as possible in the soft domain of MLC STT-MRAM. EOSwrite can greatly relieve the weaknesses of the current encoding schemes. Evaluation results show that EOSwrite can improve the lifetime of MLC STT-MRAM by 56.96%, reduce dynamic energy by 33.95%, reduce access latency by 36.95%, and improve system performance of MLC STT-MRAM by 4.30%, respectively. While the area overhead of EOSwrite is only 7.27%.
Impact of Embedding High-Intensity Interval Training in Schools and Sports Training on Children and Adolescent’s Cardiometabolic Health and Health-Related Fitness: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to identify studies evaluating the impact of high-intensity interval training when delivered in school and sports training. Methods: A systematic search of 10 databases (September 2019) identified 24 eligible studies (including children and/or adolescents 5–18 years and reporting cardiometabolic health and/or health-related fitness outcomes), assessed for quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (version 2.0). Outcomes were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis, and potential moderators were explored (i.e., study duration, risk of bias, age, and deliverer/instructor). Results: Standardized mean difference for the effects of high-intensity interval training were significant for body mass index g = −0.27 (p < .001), cardiorespiratory fitness g = 0.27 (p < .001), lower body muscular fitness g = 0.49 (p = .005), and upper body muscular fitness g = 0.37 (p = .002); but not for blood pressure (p > .05). Risk of bias results were variable (low = 8, some concerns = 9, and high = 7). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that embedding high-intensity interval training in schools and sports training can facilitate improvements in some aspects of cardiometabolic health and fitness in children and adolescents.
Reuniones virtuales de morbilidad y mortalidad en Colombia:

Introducción: la pandemia por la Covid-19 modificó la educación médica con estrategias apoyadas en lataformas virtuales y en escenarios no convencionales. Un ejemplo de ello son las reuniones de morbilidad y mortalidad (M y M). El objetivo de este estudio es describir las características de las M y M virtuales en las instituciones de práctica de los residentes de cirugía general en Colombia; así como la percepción de los participantes sobre su funcionamiento, comparado con las M y M presenciales o tradicionales. Método: estudio observacional y descriptivo realizado en 21 institucioneshospitalarias de práctica, de 17 programas de cirugía general de Colombia en donde operan M y M virtuales. Se obtuvo información sobre sus objetivos, características operativas y alcances. Con encuestas autodiligenciadas se investigó, además, la percepción de los participantes acerca de su utilidad y funcionamiento, producto del cambio a la virtualidad. Participaron 82 residentes y 65 docentes de diferentes programas de posgrado de cirugía general del país. Resultados: las M y M virtuales se ejecutan en el 53 % de los sitios de práctica de los residentes de Colombia, con el predominio en las instituciones privadas. Si bien hay diferencias en su organización, persiste el modelo tradicional de M y M: objetivos, estructura y alcances. Hay una duración mayor de las reuniones, se realizan en horarios no convencionales, con una percepción de un menor nivel cadémico. Se respira un menor ambiente de hostilidad con el uso de la virtualidad. Conclusión: las reuniones de morbilidad y mortalidad se realizan en un escenario de virtualidad. Su funcionamiento es similar a las reuniones presenciales y su ejecución ofrece oportunidades de mejoraen términos de forma y fondo.
Properties and visualizations of complex numbers and the complex plane

Complex number is a relatively new concept in the history of algebra, as it was first applied into actual problem solving no earlier than the 16th century. As a form of number that was not admitted by most mathematicians a few hundred years ago, it could be an abstruse and intricate field of study to discover and further explore at that time. Nonetheless, famous mathematicians such as Leonhard Euler, Abraham de Moivre, and Augustin-Louis Cauchy, had developed the subject of complex analysis into a more and more mature subject over the course of its history. This paper will systematically go over basic properties and crucial knowledge about complex numbers, provide analysis of some higher-level properties and theories, introduce important concepts and theorems such as the Cauchy sequence and De Moivre’s theorem. Moreover, there will be visualizations of complex numbers beyond algebra in a more geometric perspective. Eventually, combining the concepts altogether, we will then be able to comprehend and prove a unique and useful theorem involving the application of the complex numbers.
Viewpoint : Design and Engineering Convergence Education in a Korean and Australian Context

Background In this article, we provide two views on product design engineering education of two design educators from Korea and Australia. We argue that industrial design and engineering design need to be combined in order to support a total design philosophy that aims to improve design education. Therefore, the changing direction of design education for a total design perspective — and Korean and Australian design education — including industry situations are discussed. Product design education in Korea has focused on developing the physical appearance of a product. The concept of engineering design was recently introduced in Korea, and most design schools still belong to art schools. Nowadays, Korean industry is required to develop new businesses in the manufacturing sector, as the industry is facing the situation where ‘fast follower’ strategy does not work for sustained growth and ultimately sustained success. This has grabbed the attention of product design engineers who can develop creative designs and materialize the concepts. In contrast, Australia is facing the end of a mining boom as well as a significant decline in automotive manufacturing. This has forced industry to challenge innovation in manufacturing which has generally been made up of SMEs. As such, the role of product design engineering is emphasized. We conclude that product design engineering education with industrial design and mechanical engineering can be primitive to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry in both countries. Methods The views provided in this article were assembled from the existing literature, and based on our current experience of running design engineering convergence education programs in undergraduate and graduate levels. In general, the arguments made in this article are not attracted from theoretical and empirical research. They are rather based on our own perspectives of design engineering education. Thus, the views can be more critically based on holistic analyses of industry situations. Results & Conclusions In this article, we examine that how a strong and well-defined product design engineering program within a university context can add significant value to the industry. Product design engineering is a hybrid program that combines analytical engineering sciences with creative industrial design capabilities. It provides a platform that can reshape product offerings for companies that seek to diversify or expand into new markets. Product design engineering links seamlessly toward current industry needs by producing creative design engineers at the forefront of innovation and new product development.
The Flying and Adhesion Robot Based on Approach and Vacuum

The conventional flying and adhesion robot adsorbs on the wall by controlling the attitude angle to generate a horizontal-direction force combined with the negative-pressure device at the target position. However, when the robot is in contact with the wall, the wall will generate reaction forces and tilting moments on the robot, which increases the complexity of modeling and controlling the adsorption process. Therefore, inspired by perching mechanisms that geckos and tree frogs can use to jump and adsorb to vertical surfaces such as tree trunks, we propose a natural method based on approach adsorption. The method uses a suitable approaching velocity to achieve stable adsorption at the desired position. We investigate the effects of approach velocity, vacuum-pump flow rate and wall material on the adsorption performance. Furthermore, we design a unidirectional-approach-adsorption system and heading controller and establish a contact and negative-pressure model. The relevant parameters of the adsorption system are identified, and the ground-collision experiments and flight experiments for the flying and adhesion robot were carried out to validate the proposed method.
Adaptation of the Teacher Emotions Scales (TES) to the Brazilian context

Abstract Emotions are complex psychobiological reactions, articulating motivational patterns, an impulse for action, and physiological changes. The aim was to adapt and validate a self-report instrument for the assessment of teachers’ emotions in a Brazilian context. We propose the adaptation of the Teacher Emotions Scales (TES) - developed in German and translated to English -, which assesses teachers’ enjoyment, anger, and anxiety. Eight specialists translated and back-translated the scale in and from both English and German. Participants were 410 teachers and professors, who also answered the Affect Scale (AS) and the Work Burnout Inventory (WBI). Exploratory factorial analysis found three factors (enjoyment, ω = .88, anxiety, ω = .67, and anger, ω = .81), as in the original scale. We also found meaningful correlations between the dimensions of the scales and the AS and WBI subscales. Adapting this scale will contribute to current research on teacher emotions in Brazil.
A Hierarchical ML-kNN Method for Complex Emotion Analysis on Customer Reviews

Aim at multi-label sentiments classification of customer reviews. This paper presents a hierarchical ML-kNN algorithm. Different from the traditional ML-kNN algorithm, this algorithm can capture the connection of labels by introducing auxiliary labels. The experimental results show that our proposed approach can improve the performances of multi-label sentiments classification of customer reviews. In addition, due to the effective use of auxiliary information, our algorithm can greatly reduce the interference of noises.
Alginic Aldehyde-Gelatin Nanogel as Sustainable Drug Delivery System of Azithromycin: Development, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation

- The present study deals with the encapsulation of Azithromycin in alginic aldehyde and gelatin nanogel as an intestinal site-specific and controlled therapeutic delivery system against gram-negative intracellular Salmonella Typhi, which is synthesized through inverse miniemulsion technique in three different drug to polymer ratios, and exploration the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity of the system. The characterizations of the azithromycin-loaded nanogel were done by DLS and FT-IR. The hydrodynamic diameter of the azithromycin-loaded nanogel is 118±4 nm with negative zeta potential (-34.2±1.5 mV). We observed absolute transition from the crystalline form of the azithromycin to amorphous state while was loaded to the AA-Gel nanogel by FT-IR, and the FT-IR measurements demonstrate that there are not any detectable chemical and intramolecular interactions between AZM and nanogel network. The encapsulation efficiency of the loaded nanogels were influenced by the ratio of drug to polymer, which the highest value (86.3±2.3%) was demonstrated for the 1:3 formulation. In vitro azithromycin release profile from AA-Gel nanogels presents an initial burst release over a period of 4 hours that is followed by controlled release until the 24 hours. Nanogels showed significant bacteriostatic activities in comparison to free azithromycin. Our results indicate proper physicochemical, in vitro and ex vivo features of the azithromycin nanogel, which can be a worthy candidate for oral administration against Salmonella Typhi.
Implication dans un enseignement renouvelé et recherches en didactique des mathématiques

Involvement in a renewed teaching and research in the mathematics didactics. Tribute to François Pluvinage and the active and vagabond thinking of a researcher and a rare man. François Pluvinage did not associate his name with a didactic theory, but more profoundly he animated with his powerful and friendly breath a school of thought, a way of doing and acting always open to the world and the future. Through this article, which is very incomplete, we would like to specify his originality as a researcher particularly involved in the community. Throughout this evocation of his scientific career in phase with the evolution of educational practices, the reader will be invited to rediscover some of the traits of his rich and endearing personality. présenter, justifier et développer l’idée que les savoirs mathématiques relevant du domaine numérique, allant des entiers naturels munis des quatre opérations arithmétiques aux réels utilisés en analyse, relèvent de compétences nettement séparées et proposer une organisation en strates de compétence caractérisées par des modes de pensée et des formes d’expression qui les distinguent nettement les unes des autres.
The software enterprise: Preparing industry-ready software engineers

Students must emerge from a “write-a-programget-a-grade” mentality to a “follow-a-process-produce-a-deliverable” mentality (and eventually to “use-and-improve-processes-to-solve-customerproblems”). This evolution from learner to practitioner is a cultural mindset even at the personal level. Junior professionals are confronted with real-world situations immediately after graduating and entering the workforce. Professionalism challenges junior engineers in a different way than academic ethics. Junior professionals can gain professionalism through formal and informal mentoring relationships in professional settings such as internships, but we should not rely solely Chapter VII The Software Enterprise: Preparing Industry-Ready Software Engineers
A Brisk and Life-Saving Diagnosis of Pericardial Effusion as the Cause for Recurrent Dyspnea

Abstract Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is a reliable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of a patient with dyspnea. This case provides an example of an acutely dyspneic patient in which standard evaluation failed to elucidate the true etiology of the patient’s dyspnea. The patient was initially diagnosed with pneumonia but returned to the emergency department with acute worsening of his symptoms despite empiric antibiotics leading to the presumption of antibiotic failure. POCUS revealed a large pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis ultimately leading to the accurate diagnosis. This case highlights the importance of POCUS in evaluating patients with shortness of breath.
Customers' annual report tone and suppliers' innovation decisions: evidence from China

PurposeThis paper examines whether and how customers' annual report tone affects suppliers' innovation decisions.Design/methodology/approachUsing the data from disclosed information on top five customers and annual report tone by Chinese listed firms, this paper used a two-way fixed effect model and intermediary effect model tests to explore the impact of customers' annual report tone on suppliers' innovation decisions.FindingsThe results indicate that the more positive the tone of customer annual reports is, the higher the suppliers' technological innovation level. The customers' annual report tone affects suppliers' innovation decisions through alleviating financing constraints and reducing the bullwhip effect. In addition, the authors find that the worse the supplier's bargaining power and the higher the customer's media coverage, the more significant the impact of positive customer annual report tone on the level of corporate technological innovation.Practical implicationsFor downstream customers, to improve the quality of their text information disclosure. For upstream suppliers, the tone of customers' annual reports has incremental information, so the attention to customers' text information should be strengthened. As far as the market is concerned, it is recommended that regulators should strictly require the quality of text information disclosure and introduce relevant penalty mechanisms better to regulate the quality of corporate text information disclosure.Originality/valueTo the best of the author's knowledge, this paper is the first to expand the research related to textual information from a supply chain innovation perspective. The textual information can provide incremental information, and spillover effects may occur among supply chains, affecting suppliers' innovation decisions. And it clarifies the specific mechanism by which the supply chain tone spillover effect affects corporate innovation, enriching the relevant research on supply chain influence mechanisms.
The Impact of Green Organizational Identity on Green Competitive Advantage: The Role of Green Ambidexterity Innovation and Organizational Flexibility

There is no consistent result on the relationship between green organizational identity (GOI) and corporate green competitive advantage (GCA) in the existing literature. The omission of crucial mediating variables may be one of the important reasons. Based on the organizational identity theory and exploration-exploitation paradigm, this article studies the relationship between GOI and GCA in a model that includes mediating variables composed of green exploitative innovation (GEI) and green exploratory innovation (GER), and organizational flexibility (OF) as a moderating variable. The empirical test of survey data from polluting enterprises in China shows that GOI has a positive effect on green ambidexterity innovation and GCA. Both GEI and GER have a positive impact on GCA. Moreover, green ambidexterity innovation has a partial mediating effect between GOI and GCA, but the moderating effect of OF between green ambidexterity innovation (GAI) and GCA is different, and OF only negatively moderates the relationship between GER and GCA. These findings suggest that GOI can influence firms to choose different innovative ways between GEI and GER to obtain GCA, which counts on different levels of OF.
Dichlorvos-Insektenstrips in Innenräumen : Belastung und Risikoabschätzung

Application of the highly potent pest control agent dichlorvos (DDVP) involves the hazard of effects on the central nervous system and a risk of human cancer. Consumers use dichlorvos in pest strips to protect their rooms from insects. This undifferentiated pest control can lead to chronic exposure. Over several weeks we found an indoor air concentration of dichlorvos between 60 and 1300 μg/m 3 in 34 m 3 -experimental-room (chamber). Textiles and foodstuffs in this room were also contaminated. Beside the inhalative intake the oral and dermal intake can also lead to an additional loading of the residents. The ADI- resp. DTA-value of 4 μg/kg body-weight and day is exceeded about 10-15 times on the average by inhalative exposure only.
Security Challenges for Modern Data Centers with IoT: A Preliminary Study

The wide deployment of internet of things (IoT) devices makes a profound impact on the data center industry from various perspectives, varying from infrastructure operation, resource management, to end users. This is a double-edged sword – it enables ubiquitous resource monitoring and intelligent management therefore significantly enhances the efficiency of daily operation while introducing new security issues for modern data centers. The emerging security challenges are not only related to detecting new IoT attacks or vulnerabilities but also including the implementations of cybersecurity protection mechanisms (e.g., intrusion detection system, vulnerability management system) to enhance data center security. As the new security challenges with IoT have not been thoroughly explored in the literature, this paper provides a survey on the most recent IoT security issues regarding modern data centers by highlighting IoT attacks and the trend of newly discovered vulnerabilities. We find that vulnerabilities related to data center management system have increased significantly since 2019. Compared to the total amount in 2018 (with 25 vulnerabilities), the number of data center management system vulnerabilities almost increased by a factor of four times (with 98 vulnerabilities) in 2020. This paper also introduces the existing cybersecurity tools and discusses the associated challenges and research issues for enhancing data center security.