Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Origin of the Setouchi Volcanic Rocks in SW Japan Arc : Constraints from Pb-Nd-Sr Isotope Geochemistry

In order to clarify the role of subducted sediments in determining the geochemical characteristics of subduction-related magmas and to evalULate the effect of the Japan Sea opening on the geochemical evolution of the mantle wedge, Pb, Sr and Nd isotope studies, along with major and trace element analyses have been carried out for Miocene volcanic rocks from the Setouchi volcanic belt, SW Japan. Pb isotopic compositions of the Setouchi volcanic rocks lie between those of the Japan Sea floor basalts and local sediments with much higher values than the NHRL (Northern Hemisphere Reference Line). Nd-Sr isotopic compositions, on the other hand, fall within the mantle array. Among those samples, high-magnesian andesites (HMAs) have distinctively higher Pb, Sr and lower Nd isotopic compositions than basalts. Trace element compositions of HMAs also show systematically higher Pb, K and Rb concentrations than basalts. These geochemical features may be best explained by the different amounts of added slab-derived subduction component (SDSC). Further, the HFSE (Hiigh Field Strength Elements) systematics, including higher Nbffi02 and Zrffi02 ratios of HMAs than those of basalts, suggest that the SDSC is not an aqueous fluid but a partial melt. The major component of SDSC would be derived mainly from subducted terrigenous sediments; however, the minor contribution of the altered MORB crust-derived component is indispensable to explain both isotopic and chemical compositions. The Pb isotopic compositions clearly exhibit secular variation; they had changed from 1 enriched to relatively depleted with decreasing ages. A plausible interpretation of this isotopic compositional change may be due to the replacement of the original mantle wedge with an enriched geochemical signatures by the laterally injected asthenospheric materials with depleted geochemical signatures which may relate to the south-ward migration of the SW Japan arc sliver and the Japan Sea opening.
Evaluation and Characterization of Soil Microbiological Processes

This chapter describes how society today is increasingly concerned about the sustainability of soil productivity, the maintenance of biodiversity, and method for effective soil remediation and protection. Therefore, methods to quantify the ability of the soil to function, buffer and resist anthropogenic disturbances have come into focus. While optimal and threshold values for many chemical and physical parameters have been identified, the biological soil component is far less specified. The reasons for this include difficulties identifying appropriate levels for biological parameters, difficulties extracting relevant information from the high natural variability in biological parameters, both between and within different ecosystems at different scales and over time, and because of the influence of external factors such as climatic conditions. These difficulties suggest soil functioning should be evaluated by integrating chemical, physical, and biological properties, where values of key parameters are used to create statistical visual descriptions by which the boundaries for functioning soils can be defined. Key microbial parameters for such an integrated approach are the activity, diversity, and size of the microbial biomass. To illustrate this, the chapter will concentrate on three key microbial processes—respiration, denitrification, and nitrification—focusing on arable soil. The chapter also briefly addresses some special considerations regarding soil sampling and handling of the samples of studies of soil microbioloby, since the techniques used can have a large influence on the results obtained. Finally, the chapter discusses how microbial parameters can be used in integrated evaluations of soil functioning and in assessments of their spatial variability at different scales.
A pr 2 01 9 A Pyramid Scheme Model Based on “ Consumer Rebate ”

There are various types of pyramid schemes which have inflicted or are inflicting losses on many people in the world. We propose a pyramid scheme model which has the principal characters of many pyramid schemes have appeared in recent years: promising high returns, rewarding the participants recruiting the next generation of participants, and the organizer of the pyramid scheme will take all the money away when he finds the money from the new participants is not enough to pay the previous participants interest and rewards. We assume the pyramid scheme carries on in the tree network, ER random network, SW small-world network or BA scale-free network respectively, then give the analytical results of how many generations the pyramid scheme can last for in these cases. We also use our model to analyse a pyramid scheme in the real world and we find the connections between participants in the pyramid scheme may constitute a SW small-world network. Email: yshi@ucas.ac. cn Email:libo312@mails.ucas. edu.cn Email: longwen@ucas.ac. cn, corresponding author
Improving Physician Performance Through Internet-Based Interventions: Who Will Participate?

Background The availability of Internet-based continuing medical education is rapidly increasing, but little is known about recruitment of physicians to these interventions. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of physician participation in an Internet intervention designed to increase screening of young women at risk for chlamydiosis. Methods Eligibility was based on administrative claims data, and eligible physicians received recruitment letters via fax and/or courier. Recruited offices had at least one physician who agreed to participate in the study by providing an email address. After one physician from an office was recruited, intensive recruitment of that office ceased. Email messages reminded individual physicians to participate by logging on to the Internet site. Results Of the eligible offices, 325 (33.2%) were recruited, from which 207 physicians (52.8%) participated. Recruited versus nonrecruited offices had more eligible patients (mean number of eligible patients per office: 44.1 vs 33.6; P < .001), more eligible physicians (mean number of eligible physicians per office: 6.2 vs 4.1; P < .001), and fewer doctors of osteopathy (mean percent of eligible physicians per office who were doctors of osteopathy: 20.5% vs 26.4%; P = .02). Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of recruiting at least one physician from an office were greater if the office had more eligible patients and more eligible physicians. More participating versus nonparticipating physicians were female (mean percent of female recruited physicians: 39.1% vs 27.0%; P = .01); fewer participating physicians were doctors of osteopathy (mean percent of recruited physicians who were doctors of osteopathy: 15.5% vs 23.9%; P = .04) or international medical graduates (mean percent of recruited physicians who were international graduates: 12.3% vs 23.8%; P = .003). Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds of a physician participating were greater if the physician was older than 55 years (OR = 2.31; 95% CI = 1.09–4.93) and was from an office with a higher Chlamydia screening rate in the upper tertile (OR = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.23–4.16). Conclusions Physician participation in an Internet continuing medical education intervention varied significantly by physician and office characteristics.
Gaussian Process Regression and Classification under Mathematical Constraints with Learning Guarantees

We introduce constrained Gaussian process (CGP), a Gaussian process model for random functions that allows easy placement of mathematical constrains (e.g., non-negativity, monotonicity, etc) on its sample functions. CGP comes with closed-form probability density function (PDF), and has the attractive feature that its posterior distributions for regression and classification are again CGPs with closed-form expressions. Furthermore, we show that CGP inherents the optimal theoretical properties of the Gaussian process, e.g. rates of posterior contraction, due to the fact that CGP is an Gaussian process with a more efficient model space.
Emulating IPCC AR4 atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models for projecting global-mean, hemispheric and land/ocean temperatures: MAGICC 6.0

Current scientific knowledge on the future response of the climate system to human-induced perturbations is comprehensively captured by various model intercomparison efforts. In the preparation of the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), intercomparisons were organized for atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) and carbon cycle models, named "CMIP3" and "C4MIP", respectively. Despite their tremendous value for the scientific community and policy makers alike, there are some difficulties in interpreting the results. For example, key radiative forcings have not been considered or standardized in the majority of AOGCMs integrations and carbon cycle runs. Furthermore, the AOGCM analysis of plausible emission pathways was restricted to only three SRES scenarios. This study attempts to address these issues. We present an updated version of MAGICC, the simple carbon cycle-climate model used in past IPCC Assessment Reports with enhanced representation of time-varying climate sensitivities, carbon cycle feedbacks, aerosol forcings and ocean heat uptake characteristics. This new version of MAGICC (6.0) is successfully calibrated against the higher complexity AOGCM and carbon cycle models. Parameterizations of MAGICC 6.0 are provided. Previous MAGICC versions and emulations shown in IPCC AR4 (WG1, Fig. 10.26, page 803) yielded, in average, a 10% larger global-mean temperature increase over the 21st century compared to the AOGCMs. The reasons for this difference are discussed. The emulations presented here using MAGICC 6.0 match the mean AOGCM responses to within 2.2% for the SRES scenarios. This enhanced emulation skill is due to: the comparison on a "like-with-like" basis using AOGCM-specific subsets of forcings, a new calibration procedure, as well as the fact that the updated simple climate model can now successfully emulate some of the climate-state dependent effective climate sensitivities of AOGCMs. The mean diagnosed effective climate sensitivities of the AOGCMs is 2.88°C, about 0.33°C cooler than the reported slab ocean climate sensitivities. Finally, we examine the combined climate system and carbon cycle emulations for the complete range of IPCC SRES emission scenarios and some lower mitigation pathways.
An update of the east Australian humpback whale population (E1) rate of increase

A six week land-based survey was conducted at Pt Lookout on the east coast of Australia, in June and July 2007. Over the peak four weeks of the northward migration, an average of 70.7 whales passed per 10h. This was compared with a similar metric from previous surveys at this site yielding a long-term rate of increase of 10.9% per annum (95% CI 10.5 – 11.4%), slightly higher than our previous estimate from a survey in 2004 (Noad et al., 2006). This indicates that the long-term rapid increase in the size of the east Australian population of humpback whales continues without any apparent slowing. Aerial surveys were also conducted concurrently with the land-based surveys during which 249 groups of humpbacks containing an estimated 399 whales were seen from the air. Analysis confirms that only about 3% of groups pass more than 10km of the headland which is consistent with Bryden’s (1985) estimates despite an approximately 15-fold increase in the population over this time. Further, the offshore distribution of whales was characterised with no significant difference being found between the patterns of distribution whether measured from land or air. Approximately 89% of groups passed within 5km of land and the mean distances offshore for both aerial and land-based surveys were less than 2.5km. This supports one of the key assumptions of the land-based counts, that they are not greatly affected by whales missed as a function of increasing distance offshore. An estimate of absolute abundance for 2007 was made by extrapolating from the 2004 absolute abundance estimate. Using the land-based correction factor for groups available but missed estimated in 2004, 2007 absolute abundance is estimated at 9,683 whales (95% CI 8,556 – 10,959).
PanopticNDT: Efficient and Robust Panoptic Mapping

As the application scenarios of mobile robots are getting more complex and challenging, scene understanding becomes increasingly crucial. A mobile robot that is supposed to operate autonomously in indoor environments must have precise knowledge about what objects are present, where they are, what their spatial extent is, and how they can be reached; i.e., information about free space is also crucial. Panoptic mapping is a powerful instrument providing such information. However, building 3D panoptic maps with high spatial resolution is challenging on mobile robots, given their limited computing capabilities. In this paper, we propose PanopticNDT – an efficient and robust panoptic mapping approach based on occupancy normal distribution transform (NDT) mapping. We evaluate our approach on the publicly available datasets Hypersim and ScanNetV2. The results reveal that our approach can represent panoptic information at a higher level of detail than other state-of-the-art approaches while enabling real-time panoptic mapping on mobile robots. Finally, we prove the real-world applicability of PanopticNDT with qualitative results in a domestic application.
DetCNCS: Deterministic Computing and Networking Convergence Scheduling

In this article, we proposed a two-stage deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based deterministic scheduling architecture for computing and networking convergence, named as DetCNCS. By designing DRL algorithms for task offloading and global resource allocation, we achieved maximum utilizations of computing resources and deterministic end-to-end transmission with bounded latency.
Land and Property Development in a Changing Context

Part 1 The distinctiveness of the later 1980s: prospects for the property industry - an overview. Part 2 Actors and their strategies: the investment market in commercial and industrial development - some recent trends the operational development and spatial expansion of large commercial property firms the changing role of research in investment decision-making. Part 3 Land and property markets - regional dimensions: meeting the needs of industry - the performance of industrial land property in inner Manchester and Salford the implications of local market variation for economic development policies - a case study of Wakefield. Part 4 Policy implications: land and property development in France developer obligations for public services in the USA what is needed from public policy? property development and urban regeneration.
Shuffle algebras and perverse sheaves

We relate shuffle algebras, as defined by Nichols, Feigin-Odesskii and Rosso, to perverse sheaves on symmetric products of the complex line (i.e., on the spaces of monic polynomials stratified by multiplicities of roots). More precisely, we construct an equivalence between: (i) Braided Hopf algebras of a certain type. (ii) Factorizable collections of perverse sheaves on all the symmetric products. Under this eqiuvalence, the Nichols algebra associated to an object V corresponds to the collection of the intersection cohomology extensions of the local systems on the open configuration spaces associated to the tensor powers of V. Our approach is based on using real skeleta of complex configuration spaces.
Within-host rates of insertion and deletion in the HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein

Under selection by neutralizing antibodies, the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 undergoes rapid evolution within hosts, particularly in regions encoding the five variable loops (V1-V5). Indel polymorphisms are abundant in these loops, where they can facilitate immune escape by modifying the length, composition and glycosylation profile of these structures. Here, we present a comparative analysis of within-host indel rates and characteristics within the variable regions of gp120. We analyzed a total of 3,437 HIV-1 gp120 sequences sampled longitudinally from 29 different individuals using coalescent models in BEAST. Next, we used Historian to reconstruct ancestral sequences from the resulting tree samples, and fit a Poisson generalized linear model to the distribution of indel events to estimate their rates in the five variable loops. Overall, the mean insertion and deletion rates were 1.6 × 10−3 and 2.5 × 10−3/ nt / year, respectively, with significant variation among loops. Insertions and deletions also followed similar length distributions, except for significantly longer indels in V1 and V4 and shorter indels in V5. Insertions in V1, V2, and V4 tended to create new N-linked glycosylation sites significantly more often than expected by chance, which is consistent with positive selection to alter glycosylation patterns.
Requirements for Web Information Systems Engineering Methodologies

Copyright © 2001, Idea Group Publishing. Web information systems engineering means a collection of sound principles, methods, techniques and tools for developing Web-based information systems, which differ from traditional information systems in their unique technological platform and design philosophy. Key features of Web information systems engineering beyond traditional and objectoriented information systems development include emphasis on user navigation, the multi-level interactivity of the environment, and the advanced hypertext functionality in target information systems. A starting point for designing and modelling Web information systems is that these are essentially hypertext information systems. This chapter will specify requirements for Web information systems engineering methodologies from the viewpoints of hypermedia communication environments, adaptive hypermedia systems, and mobile hypermedia.
Principles of Forecasting : A Handbook for Researchers and Practitioners ,

Extrapolation methods are reliable, objective, inexpensive, quick, and easily automated. As a result, they are widely used, especially for inventory and production forecasts, for operational planning for up to two years ahead, and for long-term forecasts in some situations, such as population forecasting. This paper provides principles for selecting and preparing data, making seasonal adjustments, extrapolating, assessing uncertainty, and identifying when to use extrapolation. The principles are based on received wisdom (i.e., experts’ commonly held opinions) and on empirical studies. Some of the more important principles are: • In selecting and preparing data, use all relevant data and adjust the data for important events that occurred in the past. • Make seasonal adjustments only when seasonal effects are expected and only if there is good evidence by which to measure them. • In extrapolating, use simple functional forms. Weight the most recent data heavily if there are small measurement errors, stable series, and short forecast horizons. Domain knowledge and forecasting expertise can help to select effective extrapolation procedures. When there is uncertainty, be conservative in forecasting trends. Update extrapolation models as new data are received. • To assess uncertainty, make empirical estimates to establish prediction intervals. • Use pure extrapolation when many forecasts are required, little is known about the situation, the situation is stable, and expert forecasts might be biased.
To the question of the existence and uniqueness of the scattering problem solution . The case of three one-dimensional quantum particles interacting by finite repulsive pair potentials

In the work [4] asymptotic formulas at infinity in configuration space were offered for the first time for absolutely continuous spectrum eigenfunctions uniform at angle variables. We considered the case of three one-dimensional short-range quantum particles interacting by the repulsive pair potentials. The mentioned asymptotic formulas were obtained in terms of formal asymptotic decompositions within the framework of a rather subtle heuristic analysis. The present work aims at announcing a proof of the existence and uniqueness theorem of the scattering problem solution in the finite repulsive pair potentials case. It is worth emphasizing that the limitation of treatments for the finite potentials case does not lead to a problem simplification in its essence as the interaction potential of all three particles remains non decreasing at infinity but allows us to switch off from a certain number of technical details.
Graph Minors

For a given graph G and integers b, f ≥ 0, let S be a subset of vertices of G of size b + 1 such that the subgraph of G induced by S is connected and S can be separated from other vertices of G by removing f vertices. We prove that every graph on n vertices contains at most n/ b+f b such vertex subsets. This result from extremal combinatorics appears to be very useful in the design of several enumeration and exact algorithms. This significantly improves previous algorithms for these problems. Binary matroid minors.
T cell-recruiting triplebody 19-3-19 mediates serial lysis of malignant B-lymphoid cells by a single T cell

Triplebody 19-3-19, an antibody-derived protein, carries three single chain fragment variable domains in tandem in a single polypeptide chain. 19-3-19 binds CD19-bearing lymphoid cells via its two distal domains and primary T cells via its CD3-targeting central domain in an antigen-specific manner. Here, malignant B-lymphoid cell lines and primary cells from patients with B cell malignancies were used as targets in cytotoxicity tests with pre-stimulated allogeneic T cells as effectors. 19-3-19 mediated up to 95% specific lysis of CD19-positive tumor cells and, at picomolar EC50 doses, had similar cytolytic potency as the clinically successful agent BlinatumomabTM. 19-3-19 activated resting T cells from healthy unrelated donors and mediated specific lysis of both autologous and allogeneic CD19-positive cells. 19-3-19 led to the elimination of 70% of CD19-positive target cells even with resting T cells as effectors at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 1 : 10. The molecule is therefore capable of mediating serial lysis of target cells by a single T cell. These results highlight that central domains capable of engaging different immune effectors can be incorporated into the triplebody format to provide more individualized therapy tailored to a patient’s specific immune status.
6.867 Machine Learning Lecture 2

The results from the small scale application are encouraging. Our model successfully reproduces known behavior of the λ−switch on the basis of molecular level competition and resource constraints, without the need to assume protein-protein interactions between cI2 dimers and cI2 and RNA-polymerase. Even in the context of this well-known sub-system, however, few quantitative experimental results are available about binding. Proper validation and use of our model therefore relies on estimating the game parameters from available protein-DNA binding data (in progress). Once the game parameters are known, the model provides valid predictions for a number of possible perturbations to the system, including changing nuclear concentrations and knock-outs. Acknowledgments