Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of machine learning in identification of dental implant systems in radiographs – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Machine learning has played a promising role in medical diagnosis. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the accuracy of machine learning in identification of dental implant systems from radiographs. This systematic review was conducted by searching four electronic databases, PubMed, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were studies that used machine learning for implant identification. Our search yielded 87,189 studies, of which a total of eight studies were found which used machine learning for implant identification. Of the included studies, three studies provided the required data to conduct meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of accuracy of the three included studies was 95.43%. Machine learning appears to be practically efficient in implant recognition. The findings of this review suggested an inadequate reporting of studies due to a lack of standardized guidelines for reporting and conducting the studies that investigate machine learning in implant identification. This could limit the reliable interpretation of the reported accuracy.
Community Detection in Social Networks Considering Social Behaviors

The study of community detection in networks has drawn great attention in recent years. To find communities and to understand community semantics, both network topology and network content are utilized. Unfortunately, none of them can explain the driving factors of generating community structure with semantics, which is significant for understanding the mechanisms of community generation. Our observations on a large number of networks show that specific user social behaviors are underlying factors for the generation of community structure. We exploit four types of social behaviors that widely exist in networks, i.e., reciprocity of interactions, posting preference, multitopic preference, and temporal variation of topics. We investigate their impacts on the formation process of links and content in networks, during which communities with topics form. Our analysis shows that they are highly related to community structure. Consequently, a generative community detection model SBCD (social behavior-based community detection) is proposed by combining network topology and content, in which the above social behaviors play a core role. The model is evaluated on two real datasets. The experimental results show that SBCD outperforms state-of-the-art baselines. Finally, a case study illustrates several significant observations with respect to the proposed social behaviors.
Graphene, neutrino mass and oscillation

:Abstract:Abstract:Abstract: In 2007 a sonic Michelson-Morley experiment was carried out and the result is also null[1] consistent with the hypothesis to establish a system similar to special relativity provided the light speed c is replaced by the constant speed of mechanical waves[2]. Thereby we interpreted why the energy- s c momentum relation of a phonon seems like a photon, the extreme relativistic particle. Furthermore, we thought other constant velocities can play the role of as well. Recently, electrons in c graphene were discovered to behave as the coefficient is a Fermi velocity [3]. Finally, a conjecture for F neutrinos to avoid the contradiction among two-component theory, negative rest mass-square [4] and oscillation is presented.
Terahertz four-wire waveguides for broadband signal processing and multiplexing

In this work, we introduce a versatile metal-wire waveguide geometry, namely a four-wire waveguide, which is capable of sustaining two independent and orthogonally polarized fundamental modes, thus acting as a broadband polarization-division multiplexer. By integrating multiscale-structured grooves into the wires of such a waveguide, we demonstrate the independent manipulation of polarization-division terahertz signals.
Representing informal caregivers of older adults in occupation-focused research: A critical interpretive synthesis

ABSTRACT Within the current demographic and political context, it is likely there will be increasing reliance on informal caregivers in the provision of care to older adults in Western nations. This critical interpretive synthesis explored how informal caregiving has been conceptualized and researched in the occupation-based literature. Five occupation-focused journals were searched for articles on informal caregiving for older adults, resulting in 17 primary research articles. Analysis of these articles revealed that there has been an increasing focus on the experiences of caregivers (as opposed to divided focus between caregivers and care recipients) and that transactional perspectives and exploration of co-occupations have expanded the scope of the literature in this field. This synthesis points to a need to turn greater attention to diversity among informal caregivers, particularly in relation to gender and gender identity and raises concerns regarding lack of critical attention to informal caregiving as embedded in social relations of power. An occupational perspective can contribute to research on informal caregiving by generating knowledge regarding how this occupation is shaped in relation to contextual and political elements and has the potential to illuminate implications for the occupations of caregivers and care recipients.
CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES OF SEVEN IRREGULAR AND THREE TIDAL DWARF GALAXIES IN THE M81 GROUP

We have derived nebular abundances for 10 dwarf galaxies belonging to the M81 Group, including several galaxies which do not have abundances previously reported in the literature. For each galaxy, multiple H ii regions were observed with GMOS-N at the Gemini Observatory in order to determine abundances of several elements (oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, neon, and argon). For seven galaxies, at least one H ii region had a detection of the temperature sensitive [O iii] λ4363 line, allowing a “direct” determination of the oxygen abundance. No abundance gradients were detected in the targeted galaxies, and the observed oxygen abundances are typically in agreement with the well-known metallicity–luminosity relation. However, three candidate “tidal dwarf” galaxies lie well off this relation: UGC 5336, Garland, and KDG 61. The nature of these systems suggests that UGC 5336 and Garland are indeed recently formed systems, whereas KDG 61 is most likely a dwarf spheroidal galaxy which lies along the same line of sight as the M81 tidal debris field. We propose that these H ii regions formed from previously enriched gas which was stripped from nearby massive galaxies (e.g., NGC 3077 and M81) during a recent tidal interaction.
Simulation of vapour-liquid condensation in dipolar fluids and uniform sampling Monte Carlo algorithms

This works examines the question whether a vapour-liquid phase transition exists in systems of particles with purely dipolar interactions, a topic which has been the subject of a longstanding debate. Monte Carlo simulation results for two modi operandi to tackle this issue are presented. One approach examines the phase behaviour of fluids of charged hard dumbbells (CHD), each made up of two oppositely charged hard spheres with diameters σ and separation d. In the limit d/σ → 0, and with the temperature scaled accordingly, the system corresponds to dipolar hard spheres (DHS) while for larger values of d ionic interactions are dominant. The crossover between ionic and dipolar regimes is examined and a linear variation of the critical temperature T ∗ c in dipolar reduced units as a function of d is observed, giving rise to an extrapolated T ∗ c,DHS ≈ 0.15. The second approach focuses on the dipolar Yukawa hard sphere (DYHS) fluid, which is given by a dipolar hard sphere and an attractive isotropic interaction Y of the Yukawa tail form. In this case, the DHS limit is obtained for Y → 0. It is found that T ∗ c depends linearly on the isotropic interaction strength Y over a wide range, coinciding with the results for the CHD model and extrapolating to a similar value of T ∗ c,DHS . However, with the use of specially adapted biased Monte Carlo techniques which are highly efficient, it is shown that the linear variation of T ∗ c is violated for very small values of the Yukawa interaction strength, almost two orders of magnitude smaller than the characteristic dipolar interaction energy. It is found that phase separation is not observable beyond a critical value of the Yukawa energy parameter, even though in thermodynamic and structural terms, the DYHS and DHS systems are very similar. It is suggested that either some very subtle physics distinguishes the DYHS and DHS systems, or the observation of a phase transition in DHSs is precluded by finite-size effects. In the context of phase separation in highly correlated fluids, new flat-histogram Monte Carlo simulation techniques based on the Wang-Landau algorithm are evaluated and shown to be useful tools. This work presents a general and unifying framework for deriving Monte Carlo acceptance rules which facilitate flat histogram sampling. The framework yields uniform sampling rules for thermodynamic states given either by the mechanically extensive variables appearing in the Hamiltonian or, equivalently, uniformly sample the thermodynamic fields which are conjugate to these mechanical variables. Declaration of Authorship I hereby declare that this thesis is of my own composition, and that it contains no material previously submitted for the award of other degrees. The work reported in this thesis has been executed by myself, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. Georg Clemens Ganzenmüller
Design Aspects and Performance Evaluation of Pole-Phase Changing Induction Machines

Pole-phase changing induction machines (IMs) offer the capability to extend the torque-speed envelope compared to their fixed pole-phase counterparts. Dynamic pole-changing can achieve higher torque levels at lower speeds, utilizing higher pole numbers, and extended flux-weakening range with lower pole-number operations. This paper investigates the design impact on the optimum pole-phase changing behavior and respective split of the operating region to different pole-phase operations. Additionally, the improvement in terms of the overall torque per ampere capability and efficiency is illustrated. For the purposes of the analysis, two different IMs with wound independently-controlled stator coils (WICSC) and different original pole numbers are evaluated in an effort to quantify the extent of the benefits of pole-phase changing. These geometries correspond to machines that were originally designed with 2- and 6 magnetic poles, respectively. It is shown that, in the case of the original 2-pole WICSC machine, shifting to a higher pole number is notably beneficial in terms of efficiency in a significant part of the operating region, whereas in the original 6-pole, both higher and lower pole numbers significantly enhance the overall torque capability and efficiency. The results highlight the notable benefits of pole-phase changing IMs and offer deep insight towards the derivation of standard design guidelines for these machines.
Manajemen Pencarian Informasi melalui Layanan Konsultasi Kesehatan Online di Kalangan Pasien COVID-19

Kebutuhan informasi kesehatan meningkat saat pandemi COVID-19, di sisi lain terdapat banyak informasi hoaks yang tersebar cepat melalui media digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan manajemen pencarian informasi dalam konsultasi kesehatan online berbasis telemedis di kalangan pasien positif COVID-19. Melalui telemedicine, pasien dapat melakukan konsultasi kesehatan secara online dengan dokter sebagai garda terdepan pelayanan publik di bidang kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif interpretif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi serta Theory of Motivated Information Management dari Walid Afifi & Judith Weiner dan didukung oleh teori Patient Centerd Communication dari Debra Roter dan Judith Hall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsultasi kesehatan online dapat dilakukan melalui tulisan, suara, foto, dan video. Pasien melewati empat tahapan melalui interpretasi, ketidaksesuaian dan ketidakpastian, serta evaluasi. Proses konsultasi kesehatan online, pasien dan dokter terlibat dalam komunikasi kesehatan yang mendorong terjadinya komunikasi yang berpusat pada pasien. Kualitas komunikasi interpersonal yang terjadi melalui platform digital dapat mendorong pasien untuk menentukan pengobatan dan keputusan lebih lanjut. Layanan ini berpeluang memberikan akses layanan kesehatan pada masyarakat secara menyeluruh. Sebaiknya pemerintah dapat mengembangkan kebijakan mengenai layanan ini dan meningkatkan literasi digital di dalam masyarakat.
Feature screening of ultrahigh dimensional longitudinal data based on the C‐statistic

This paper considers the feature screening method for the ultrahigh dimensional semiparametric linear models with longitudinal data. The C‐statistic which measures the rank concordance between predictors and outcomes is generalized to the longitudinal data. On the basis of C‐statistic and the score equation theory, we propose a feature screening method named LCSIS. Based on the smoothed technique and the score equations, the proposed estimating screening procedure is easy to compute and satisfies the feature screening consistency. Furthermore, Monte Carlo simulation studies and a real data application are conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed procedure.
Vehicle Longitudinal and Lateral Dynamics Control with Model Predictive Control

This work presents a model predictive control (MPC) to perform a double lane change maneuver. The proposed model uses the steering commands with constant velocity to quickly track the desired reference path. The prediction of future movements can help improve how the planar vehicle dynamics are controlled in physical scenarios. Different acceleration profiles are tested to verify the model performance. This paper explains the basics of MPC in the described context. It compares and contrasts the performance of the MPC-based and a PID controller while executing the same maneuver. The results were analyzed using the root-mean-square and maximum error from time-domain signals. It is shown that in some instances, the model predictive control strategy has key benefits when compared to its conventional control counterpart.
Plasmonic Enhanced SERS in Ag/TiO2 Nanostructured Film: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

In this work, we present a new study on the electromagnetic (EM) enhancement properties generated by Ag/TiO2 toward the finger print of methylene blue (MB) molecules deposited on the surface of Ag nanostructures. SERS intensity generated by MB molecules reflects the interaction between the local electric field and their bonds. A power-dependent SERS study in order to reveal the magnitude effect of a local electric field on the vibration behavior of molecular bonds of MB was performed. A theoretical study using finite element (COMSOL Multiphysics) was performed in order to understand the effect of interparticle distance of Ag nanoparticles on the enhancement properties.
Weyl corrections to holographic conductivity

For conformal field theories which admit a dual gravitational description in anti-de Sitter space, electrical transport properties, such as conductivity and charge diffusion, are determined by the dynamics of a U(1) gauge field in the bulk and thus obey universality relations at the classical level due to the uniqueness of the Maxwell action. We analyze corrections to these transport parameters due to higher-dimension operators in the bulk action, beyond the leading Maxwell term, of which the most significant involves a coupling to the bulk Weyl tensor. We show that the ensuing corrections to conductivity and the diffusion constant break the universal relation with the U(1) central charge observed at leading order, but are nonetheless subject to interesting bounds associated with causality in the boundary conformal field theory.
Reconstruction of cropland change in European countries using integrated multisource data since AD 1800

Credible historical land use/cover data are very important for past global change research. This study generates a set of integrated reconstruction methods based on multisource data and produces a new set of improved historical cropland data sets in Europe over the past 200 years. For AD 2000, FAO data, existing research results and statistical data are integrated. For AD 1900, a method of integrating two sets of independent historical agricultural land data by correction and validation and supplemented by other historical cropland data are developed. For AD 1850 and 1800, a methodological scheme of diversified proxy integrative technology and methods based on multisource data is constructed. In this new data set, quantitative reconstructions for AD 1900, 1850 and 1800 are improved to account for 100, 78 and 57% of all European countries, respectively. The reconstruction results show that each region in Europe has been in different stage of historical agricultural development. More than 86% of the countries’ cropland area and its proportion peaked in AD 1900 or did not exceed the data for AD 2000. Specifically, a high reclamation zone gradually formed from France to Ukraine, in which every country’s cropland fraction was ≥40% during AD 1800–1900. From AD 1900–2000, the highly cultivated region contracted, and the centre of higher cropland proportions shifted to eastern Europe and Poland, Czechia and Hungary. The cropland area was systematically underestimated by HYDE3.2, with a relative difference ratio of −20 to −30% between HYDE3.2 and this study. Historical empirical data were used for only 32% of countries in HYDE3.2. This method of multiproxy integrated reconstruction is applicable to other regions of the world and it would be worth attempting to apply it to earlier historical European cropland data sets in the future.
The Solar Orbiter mission and its prospects for helioseismology

Solar Orbiter is intended to become ESA's next solar mission in heritage of the successful SOHO project. The scientific objectives of the mission, its design, and its scientific payload are reviewed. Specific emphasis is given to the prospects of Solar Orbiter with respect to helioseismology. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
LOCAL NON-GAUSSIANITY IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND THE BAYESIAN WAY

We introduce an exact Bayesian approach to search for non-Gaussianity of local type in cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation data. Using simulated CMB temperature maps, the newly developed technique is compared against the conventional frequentist bispectrum estimator. Starting from the joint probability distribution, we obtain analytic expressions for the conditional probabilities of the primordial perturbations given the data, and for the level of non-Gaussianity, fNL, given the data and the perturbations. We propose Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling as a means to derive realizations of the primordial fluctuations from which we in turn sample fNL. Although computationally expensive, this approach allows us to construct exactly the full target posterior probability distribution. When compared to the frequentist estimator, applying the Bayesian method to Gaussian CMB maps provides consistent results. For the analysis of non-Gaussian maps, however, the error bars on fNL do not show excess variance within the Bayesian framework. This finding is of particular relevance in the light of upcoming high-precision CMB measurements obtained by the Planck satellite mission.
Does Violence Against Journalists Deter Detailed Reporting? Evidence From Mexico

Over the last 12 years, Mexico has become one of the most dangerous places to be a journalist. We examine how this risk-environment influences the content and strategies of reporting at one of Mexico’s most well known national newspapers, Reforma. We argue that as the risk environment worsens, journalists use less specific language about armed actors to report on violent events. To test our claims, we turn to three novel sources of data: the first captures granular information about attacks against journalists, the second uses natural language processing to measure changes in reporting overtime; and the third incorporates interviews from journalists themselves. We show that as violence against journalists increases, news story specificity decreases. Importantly, our findings reveal the ways in which journalists develop protection strategies to ensure high quality reporting, even under risky conditions and highlight the critical link between risk and information environments in areas of protracted violence.
Exploring Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Autoxidation Products: Specific Incubation Times Required for Emergence of Anti-Amyloid Properties

Amyloidogenic protein/peptide aggregation into fibrillar aggregates is associated with multiple amyloidoses, including widespread neurodegenerative disorders. Despite years of research and a well-understood mechanism, there are still very few treatments available for the increasing number of amyloid-related disorders. In recent years, the search for potential anti-aggregation compounds has shifted toward naturally occurring molecules, with one of the most promising being epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). This polyphenolic compound was shown to inhibit the aggregation of several amyloidogenic proteins/peptides, including amyloid-beta (related to Alzheimer’s disease) and alpha-synuclein (related to Parkinson’s disease). However, multiple reports have indicated its limited stability under physiological conditions and the possibility of EGCG autoxidation products being the actual inhibitory compounds. In this work, we explore how different EGCG autoxidation products associate with non-aggregated insulin, as well as how they affect its aggregation and resulting fibril structure. We also show that there is a specific incubation time required for the emergence of compounds, which alters the amyloid aggregation process.
A panoramic VISTA of the stellar halo of NGC 253

Context. Outskirts of large galaxies contain important information about galaxy formation and assembly. Resolved star count studies can probe the extremely low surface brightness of the outer halos. Aims. NGC 253 is a nearly edge-on disk galaxy in the Sculptor group where we resolved the halo stars from ground-based images, with the aim of studying its stellar population content, the structure and the overall extent of the halo. Methods. We use Z and J-band images from the VIRCAM camera mounted on the VISTA telescope to construct the spatially resolved J vs. Z-J colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). The very deep photometry and the wide area covered allows us to trace the red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars that belong to the halo of NGC 253 out to 50 kpc along the galaxy minor axis. Results. We confirm the existence of an extra planar stellar component of the disk, with a very prominent southern shelf and a symmetrical feature on the north side. The only additional visible sub-structure is an overdensity in the north-west part of the halo 28 kpc distant from the plane and extending over 20 kpc parallel with the disk. We measure the transition from the disk to the halo at a radial distance of about 25 kpc with a clear break in the number density profile. The isodensity contours show that the inner halo is a flattened structure that blends with a more extended, di use, rounder outer halo. Such external structure can be traced to the very edge of our image out to 50 kpc from the disk plane. The number density profile of the stars in the stellar halo follows a power law with index 1:6, as function of radius. The CMD shows a very homogeneous stellar population across the field; by comparing with isochrones we conclude that the RGB stars are 8 Gyr old or more, while the AGB stars trace a population of about 2 10 8 M formed from 0:5 to a few Gyr ago. Surprisingly, part of this latter population appears scattered over a wide area. We explore several ideas to explain the origin of this relatively young component in the inner halo of NGC 253.